bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Limits and obstacles in the adherence to antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Silva Richardson Augusto Rosendo da , Nelson Ana Raquel Cortês , Duarte Fernando Hiago da Silva , Prado Nanete Caroline da Costa , Costa Romanniny Hévillyn Silva , Costa Danyella Augusto Rosendo da Silva 
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Analisar e elencar fatores e técnicas de monitorização relacionados a adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral. Método:Estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura a partir das bases eletrônicas LILACS e MEDLINE, realizado no mês de abril e maio de 2013, Resultados: Fatores como escolaridade, complexidade do tratamento, agravantes psicológicos e a relação entre profissional de saúde e usuário, tiveram destaque relevante na adesão a TARV. Nesse contexto, monitorar e medir a adesão à terapia antirretroviral com o uso de técnicas adequadas podem contribuir para um aumento significativo desses valores. Conclusão: É certo que não existe um padrão ouro que garanta a adesão ideal ,contudo, o uso de técnicas de monitorização corretas e combinadas, podem diminuir significativamente o impacto de diversos fatores que predispõem a adesão ineficaz ao tratamento da AIDS. Descritores: Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida, Recusa do paciente ao tratamento, Terapia antirretroviral de alta atividade
Postfire influences of snag attrition on albedo and radiative forcing
Authors: O'Halloran Thomas L. , Acker Steven A. , Joerger Verena M. , Kertis Jane , Law Beverly E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper examines albedo perturbation and radiative forcing after a high‐severity fire in a mature forest in the Oregon Cascade Range. Correlations between postfire albedo and seedling, sapling, and snag (standing dead tree) density were investigated across fire severity classes and seasons for years 4–15 after fire. Albedo perturbation was 14 times larger in winter compared to summer and increased with fire severity class for the first several years. Albedo perturbation increased linearly with time over the study period. Correlations between albedo perturbations and the vegetation densities were strongest with snags, and significant in all fire classes in both summer and winter (R < −0.92, p < 0.01). The resulting annual radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere became more negative linearly at a rate of −0.86 W m−2 yr−1, reaching −15 W m−2 in year 15 after fire. This suggests that snags can be the dominant controller of postfire albedo on decadal time scales.
Upper crustal azimuthal anisotropy across the contiguous U.S. determined by Rayleigh wave ellipticity
Authors: Lin Fan‐Chi , Schmandt Brandon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConstraints on upper crustal seismic anisotropy provide insight into the local stress orientation and structural fabric, but such constraints are scarce except in areas with dense recordings of local seismicity. We investigate directionally dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or Rayleigh wave H/V (horizontal to vertical) amplitude ratios, between 8 and 20 s period across USArray to infer azimuthal anisotropy in the upper crust across the contiguous U.S. To determine the H/V ratios, we use all available multicomponent ambient noise cross correlations between all USArray stations operating between 2007 and 2013. In many locations, the observed H/V ratios are clearly back azimuth dependent with a 180° periodicity, which allows the fast directions and amplitudes of upper crustal anisotropy to be determined. The observed patterns of anisotropy correlate well with both near‐surface geological features (e.g., the Intermountain Seismic Belt and Appalachian‐Ouachita collision belt) and a previous stress model.
Seasonal variation and biogeochemical cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in theYellowSea andBohaiSea
Authors: Yang Gui‐Peng , Song Yi‐Zhu , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Li Cheng‐Xuan , Wu Guan‐Wei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and chlorophylla(Chl‐a) as well as the size distribution of particulate DMSP (DMSPp) were determined in the Yellow Sea (YS) and Bohai Sea (BS) during two cruises from 1 to 20 November 2012 and from 21 June to 11 July 2013. Besides, the biological production and consumption rates of DMS and the degradation rates of dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) were also measured. The concentrations of DMS and DMSP showed a significant seasonal variation with higher values in summer, which corresponded well with the seasonal change of Chl‐ain the study area. Both DMS and DMSPp concentrations were significantly correlated with Chl‐alevels, implying that phytoplankton biomass might play an important role in controlling the distributions of DMS and DMSP in the study area. The size‐fractionation research showed that nanophytoplankton (5–20 μm) contributed to most of Chl‐aand DMSPp in autumn and summer. The average biological production and consumption rates of DMS during summer were 13.35 and 9.80 nmol L−1d−1, respectively, which were much higher than those during autumn. The degradation rates of DMSPd during summer ranged from 7.10 to 21.70 nmol L−1d−1, with an average of 14.71 nmol L−1d−1, which was nearly equal to the average biological production rate (13.35 nmol L−1d−1) of DMS. The average sea‐to‐air flux of DMS in the YS and BS were 12.06 and 20.81 μmol m−2d−1in autumn and in summer, respectively, which were much higher than the values reported in the ocean.
Precipitation characteristics of CAM5 physics at mesoscale resolution during MC3E and the impact of convective timescale choice
Authors: Gustafson William I. , Ma Po‐Lun , Singh Balwinder 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe physics suite of the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) has recently been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to explore the behavior of the parameterization suite at high resolution and within the controlled setting of a limited area model. The initial paper documenting this capability characterized the behavior for a northern high‐latitude region. This paper characterizes the precipitation characteristics for continental, midlatitude, springtime conditions during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) over the central United States. This period exhibited a range of convective conditions from those driven strongly by large‐scale synoptic regimes to more locally driven convection. The study focuses on the precipitation behavior at 32 km grid spacing to better anticipate how the physics will behave in a global model when used at similar grid spacing in the coming years. Importantly, one change to the Zhang‐McFarlane deep convective parameterization when implemented in WRF was to make the convective timescale parameter an explicit function of grid spacing. This study examines the sensitivity of the precipitation to the default value of the convective timescale in WRF, which is 600 s for 32 km grid spacing, to the value of 3600 s used for 2° grid spacing in CAM5. For comparison, a 1200 s and an infinite convective timescale are also used. The results show that the 600 s timescale gives the most accurate precipitation amount over the central United States. However, this setting has the worst precipitation diurnal cycle, with the convection too tightly linked to the daytime surface heating. Longer timescales greatly improve the diurnal cycle but result in less precipitation and produce a low bias. An analysis of rain rates shows the accurate precipitation amount with the shorter timescale is assembled from an over abundance of drizzle combined with too few heavy rain events. With longer timescales, one can improve the frequency distribution, particularly for the extreme rain rates. Ultimately, without changing other aspects of the physics, one must decide between accurate diurnal timing and rain amount when choosing an appropriate convective timescale.
Acylation of Pyrroles and their Free (N‐H)‐Derivatives via Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbopalladation of Nitriles
Authors: Jafarpour Farnaz , Hazrati Hamideh , Darvishmolla Masoumeh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn efficient regioselective synthesis of 2‐acylpyrroles via palladium‐catalyzed addition of pyrroles with benzonitriles and subsequent hydrolysis is developed. The direct acylation reaction of protected as well as (NH)‐free pyrroles proceeded smoothly to afford 2‐acylpyrrole scaffolds of high biological interest.magnified image
N‐Bromosuccinimide‐Mediated Radical Cyclization of 3‐Arylallyl Azides: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted Quinolines
Authors: Wang Wei‐Xia , Zhang Qing‐Zhao , Zhang Tian‐Qi , Li Zhan‐Shan , Zhang Wei , Yu Wei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractVisible light irradiation of N‐bromosuccinimide serves as an effective means to convert methyl 2‐(azidomethyl)‐3‐arylpropenoates and 2‐(azidomethyl)‐3‐arylacrylonitriles to the corresponding iminyl radicals via α‐hydrogen abstraction and subsequent extrusion of dinitrogen. Thus formed iminyl radicals then undergo intramolecular ortho attack on the aryl ring, affording methyl quinoline‐3‐carboxylates and quinoline‐3‐carbonitriles respectively.magnified image
Catalytic syn‐Selective Direct Aldol Reactions of Benzophenone Glycine Imine with Aromatic, Heteroaromatic and Aliphatic Aldehydes
Authors: Lou Sha , Ramirez Antonio , Conlon David A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have developed highly diastereoselective silver‐catalyzed direct aldol reactions of benzophenone glycine imines with aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. Protection of the secondary alcohol in the aldol product in situ with di‐tert‐butyl dicarbonate was applied to effectively circumvent the retro‐aldol process resulting in improved yields of the aldol products. Only a catalytic amount of base, lithium tert‐butoxide, is required since tert‐butoxide is regenerated during the Boc protection. Computational studies support a stereochemical model in which the axially‐oriented nitrogen atom of the imino (Z)‐enolates coordinates the silver center in a boat conformation. The highly‐ordered transition states favor the formation of the syn aldol products due to the destabilizing interaction between the 1,3‐pseudoaxial alkoxyl group and the aldehyde substituent in the anti isomer.magnified image
Radiographic evaluation of nasal septal deviation from computed tomography correlates poorly with physical exam findings
Authors: Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Kieff David A. , Bergmark Regan W. , Cunnane Mary E. , Busaba Nicolas Y. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundPerformance of septoplasty is dependent on objective evidence of nasal septal deviation. Although physical examination including anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination is the gold standard for evaluation of septal deviation, third‐party payors’ reviews of septoplasty claims are often made on computed tomography (CT) findings. However, the correlation between radiographic evaluation of septal deviation with physical examination findings is unknown.MethodsRetrospective, blinded, independent evaluation of septal deviation in 39 consecutive patients from physical examination, including anterior rhinoscopy and endoscopic examination, by an otolaryngologist and radiographic evaluation of sinus CT scan by a neuroradiologist. Four distinct septal locations (nasal valve, cartilaginous, inferior/maxillary crest and osseous septum) were evaluated on a 4‐point scale representing (1) 0% to 25%, (2) >25% to 50%, (3) >50% to 75%, and (4) >75% obstruction. Correlation between physical examination and radiographic evaluations was made by Pearson's correlation and quantitative agreement assessed by Krippendorf's alpha.ResultsStatistically significant correlation was detected between physical examination including nasal endoscopy and radiographic assessment of septal deviation only at the osseous septum (p = 0.007, r = 0.425) with low quantitative agreement (α = 0.290). No significant correlation was detected at the cartilaginous septum (p = 0.286, r = 0.175), inferior septum (p = 0.117, r = 0.255), or nasal valve (p = 0.174, r = 0.222). Quantitative agreement at the nasal valve suggested a bias in CT to underestimate physical exam findings (α = −0.490).ConclusionCT is a poor substitute for physical examination, the gold standard, in assessment of septal deviation. Clinical decisions about pursuit of septoplasty or third‐party payors’ decisions to approve septoplasty should not be made on radiographic evidence.
Molecular Rare‐Earth‐Metal Hydrides in Non‐Cyclopentadienyl Environments
Authors: Fegler Waldemar , Venugopal Ajay , Kramer Mathias , Okuda Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMolecular hydrides of the rare‐earth metals play an important role as homogeneous catalysts and as counterparts of solid‐state interstitial hydrides. Structurally well‐characterized non‐metallocene‐type hydride complexes allow the study of elementary reactions that occur at rare‐earth‐metal centers and of catalytic reactions involving bonds between rare‐earth metals and hydrides. In addition to neutral hydrides, cationic derivatives have now become available.
Stereospecific Couplings of Secondary and Tertiary Boronic Esters
Authors: Leonori Daniele , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis Minireview highlights advances in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling of secondary boron reagents for the creation of CC bonds with control of stereochemistry. It also includes non‐transition‐metal coupling of secondary and tertiary boronic esters to electron‐rich aromatics.
Metal‐Free Carbonylations by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Majek Michal , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of benzoates from aryl electrophiles and carbon monoxide is a prime example of a transition‐metal‐catalyzed carbonylation reaction which is widely applied in research and industrial processes. Such reactions proceed in the presence of Pd or Ni catalysts, suitable ligands, and stoichiometric bases. We have developed an alternative procedure that is free of any metal, ligand, and base. The method involves a redox reaction driven by visible light and catalyzed by eosin Y which affords alkyl benzoates from arene diazonium salts, carbon monoxide, and alcohols under mild conditions. Tertiary esters can also be prepared in high yields. DFT calculations and radical trapping experiments support a catalytic photoredox pathway without the requirement for sacrificial redox partners.
Ion‐Selective Formation of a Guanine Quadruplex on DNA Origami Structures
Authors: Olejko Lydia , Cywinski Piotr J. , Bald Ilko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDNA origami nanostructures are a versatile tool that can be used to arrange functionalities with high local control to study molecular processes at a single‐molecule level. Here, we demonstrate that DNA origami substrates can be used to suppress the formation of specific guanine (G) quadruplex structures from telomeric DNA. The folding of telomeres into G‐quadruplex structures in the presence of monovalent cations (e.g. Na+ and K+) is currently used for the detection of K+ ions, however, with insufficient selectivity towards Na+. By means of FRET between two suitable dyes attached to the 3′‐ and 5′‐ends of telomeric DNA we demonstrate that the formation of G‐quadruplexes on DNA origami templates in the presence of sodium ions is suppressed due to steric hindrance. Hence, telomeric DNA attached to DNA origami structures represents a highly sensitive and selective detection tool for potassium ions even in the presence of high concentrations of sodium ions.
Resistance of paper mill sludge/wood fiber/high‐density polyethylene composites to water immersion and thermotreatment
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Wang Weihong , Huang Haibing 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe disposal of paper mill sludge (PMS) is a difficult environmental problem. Thus, PMS has been used as a substitute for wood fiber (WF) to reinforce high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). In this study, we compared PMS–WF–HDPE composites with composites without PMS after water immersion and thermal treatment. Water immersion and thermal treatment were conducted at 25 and 70°C, respectively. The results show that the composites with PMS absorbed less water but lost more of their original flexural properties after immersion; thereby, their strength was compromised. These reduced mechanical properties could be partially restored after redrying. After the thermotreatment, the composites with added PMS lost their weight and flexural properties, whereas the composites without PMS gained flexural strength. The results show that the thermotreatment improved the impact strength of the composites when no more than one‐third of WF was replaced with PMS. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectroscopy showed that the wood index of the PMS composite decreased more than the index of the non‐PMS composite, whereas the carbonyl index increased more. However, the PMS composite showed a lower increase in the total oxygen/carbon weight ratio. This study suggested that limited amounts of WF could be substituted with PMS to reinforce HDPE. However, WF–PMS–HDPE composites should not be used in hot, humid environments for long periods. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41655.
Topotecan‐Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Reversing Multi‐Drug Resistance by Synergetic Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Shen Bo , Zhao Kuaile , Ma Shulan , Yuan Dexiao , Bai Yang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMulti‐drug resistance (MDR) has become a major challenge for the further improvement of chemotherapy. Thus, more effective strategies for further enhancing the treatment against cancer by overcoming MDR are warranted. In this study, by the encapsulation of the radiosensitizing drug TPT into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), the combined use of drug‐delivered chemotherapy and high‐energy X‐ray induced radiotherapy could produce synergetic chemoradiotherapeutic effects to kill multi‐drug resistant cells through significant DNA damage, thus leading to an efficient circumvention of MDR. We hope that this synergetic dual‐mode treatment strategy may achieve higher oncolytic efficacy and find use in future clinical anti‐MDR applications.
SUMO‐Mimicking Peptides Inhibiting Protein SUMOylation
Authors: Zhao Bo , Villhauer Eric B. , Bhuripanyo Karan , Kiyokawa Hiroaki , Schindelin Hermann , Yin Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe ubiquitin‐like protein SUMO is transferred through a core E1–E2 cascade composed of the SUMO‐activating enzyme (SAE) and Ubc9 to modify cellular proteins and transmit important biological signals. SAE primarily recognizes the C‐terminal tail of SUMO and catalyzes ATP condensation with the SUMO C‐terminal carboxylate to activate its transfer through the cascade. Here, we used phage display to show that a broad profile of SUMO C‐terminal sequences could be activated by SAE. Based on this, we developed heptamer peptides that could 1) form thioester conjugates with SAE, 2) be transferred from SAE to Ubc9, and 3) be further transferred to the SUMOylation target protein RanGAP1. As these peptides recapitulate the action of SUMO in protein modification, we refer to them as “SUMO‐mimicking peptides”. We found that, once the peptides were conjugated to SAE and Ubc9, they blocked full‐length SUMO from entering the cascade. These peptides can thus function as mechanism‐based inhibitors of the protein SUMOylation reaction.
The Flatstent versus the conventional umbrella devices in the percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale
Authors: Aral Mert , Mullen Michael 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundPatent foramen ovale (PFO) has been associated with paradoxical embolism leading to stroke/transient ischemic attack, migraine, and neurological decompression sickness. In search for the optimal device that would achieve effective clinical closure with minimal complications, a better device selection based on PFO anatomy and improvements in device design is needed. The Flatstent is a new device designed to treat the highly prevalent long‐tunnel PFOs from within, minimizing the amount of material left behind in an attempt to reduce device‐related complications. The objective is to compare the safety and efficacy of the novel Flatstent versus the conventional umbrella devices in the transcatheter closure of PFO in a nonrandomized, retrospective, single‐center study.MethodsBetween March 2010 and March 2013, 88 patients underwent PFO closure at The Heart Hospital, London with either the novel Flatstent or one of the four conventionally used umbrella devices (GORE Helex Septal Occluder, Occlutech Figulla Flex, Biostar Septal Occluder, and Amplatzer PFO Occluder) depending on their PFO anatomy. Patients were then evaluated with contrast transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and/or transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) at 6 weeks and 1 year after the procedure. The residual shunt and complication rates between the Flatstent and umbrella devices were compared.ResultsThe Flatstent was used in 27 patients (30.7%), whereas 61 patients (69.3%) received one of the four umbrella devices. Primary efficacy point of clinical closure defined as grade 0 or grade 1; residual shunt was achieved in 81.3% in the Flatstent cohort and 80.3% in the umbrella device group at 6 weeks follow‐up. At 1 year, the clinical closure rates reached 92.6 and 91.8%. There were two device embolizations, one in each cohort during the immediate postoperative period (<24 hrs), with successful retrieval. One patient in the umbrella device group developed transient atrial fibrillation, which was controlled medically. Event recurrence rate was 0% at 1 year.ConclusionNo difference was found in closure or complication rates between the Flatstent and the umbrella devices. With appropriate preassessment of the PFO anatomy, the Flatstent works as a safe and effective method of treating the PFO from within the tunnel, especially in those with long‐tunnel PFOs. Longer follow‐up is needed to establish superiority. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to the Influence of the Addition of Pyrene to a Series of Pd and Ni NHC‐Based Complexes: Catalytic Consequences
Authors: Valdés Hugo , Poyatos Macarena , Ujaque Gregori , Peris Eduardo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA series of Ni and Pd complexes with three different N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based ligands (imidazolylidene, benzimidazolylidene and pyrene–imidazolylidene) has been prepared and fully characterized. The influence of the addition of pyrene to solutions containing these complexes is studied by means of NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies and by cyclic voltammetry. The addition of pyrene to the pyrene–NHC‐containing Pd and Ni complexes gives rise to the formation of adducts by π–π stacking interactions between pyrene and the pyrene group of the NHC ligand. This interaction causes a modification of the electronic properties of the metal, as demonstrated by cyclic voltammetric studies of the Ni–NHC complexes. Theoretical calculations support this type of π‐interactions, and justify the higher interactions observed with the pyrene–NHC containing complexes. The catalytic activities of the complexes were tested in the Suzuki–Miyaura CC coupling and in the α‐arylation of ketones. The addition of pyrene as an external π‐stacking additive does not affect the activities of the complexes in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, but this observation may be justified due to the fact that the process is heterogeneously catalyzed, as indicated by the mercury‐drop test. The addition of pyrene to the catalytic α‐arylation of ketones results in a decrease in the activity of the reactions catalyzed by the pyrene–imidazolylidene palladium complex, whereas the other two catalysts do not modify their activity in the presence of this π‐stacking additive.