bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migration Factors of Clinical Instructors in a University
Authors: FUENTES APRIL C. , AMPARADO MAURO ALLAN P. 
Published: October 2014

The worldwide shortage of nurses, which results from a global undersupplyand high attrition rates, affects developed countries in the West the same way as itaffects developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The difference liesin the fact that developing countries serve as a readily available source of trainednurses for developed countries in Europe, North America and parts of Oceania.Thus, the ongoing nursing shortage in developing countries is worsened by a lossof thousands of trained nurses every year to emigration. This study identified the migration factors of Clinical Instructors in a university of Cebu City, Philippines.Utilizing 100 clinical instructors as respondents, the study reveals that the majoritywere 25-28 years old; female; single; 0-5 years of work service; with units in amaster’s program; belonged to a nuclear family; has no child; with monthly incomeof Php10,000-Php20,000; has taken foreign nursing examinations; and intendedto migrate to Canada. The top three push factors of migration were low salary, absence of overtime and hazard pays, and limited opportunities for employment.Top three pull factors were higher income, better benefits and compensationpackage, a chance to upgrade nursing skills, and opportunity to travel and learn other cultures.Keywords: Social sciences, low salary, nurse migration, push factors, descriptivecorrelationaldesign, Philippines
Blurring Boundaries of Private and Public Spheres in Social Networking: Facebook Portrayal in Focus
Authors: TAGAYTAY FE MONIQUE MUSNI 
Published: October 2014

The phenomenon of globalization has never been felt before than it is today.The prime mover of this phenomenon is the Internet, and it is not an exaggerationto state that this form of media has revolutionized the access to information. Thisstudy examined the practices of selected college students who reflect an overlappingof public and private spheres in their use of Facebook. Through this study, theneed to look into the way privacy is viewed is addressed. This case study analyzedthe experiences of the selected student-informants from the University of theImmaculate Conception (UIC) and reported their detailed views. This is doneto get a holistic picture of the blurring of social and private spheres broughtabout by increased user self-disclosure. The study reveals that the informants stillfind privacy important but seem to take a background with their perception ofabsolute freedom when using social media, which seems to be the point where the blurring of private and public spheres occurs. The results of the study also show that the role of the individual as gatekeeper and filter of information is central tothe content of social media, placing a high premium on media literacy of socialmedia users.Keywords: Communication, social media, Facebook, privacy, descriptive-qualitative design, Philippines, Asia
An Analysis of the Constitutional Requirements for Appointment to the Judiciary in the Social, Moral and Ethical Context
Authors: MACALINTAL-SAWALI CHARITO M. 
Published: October 2014

This paper analyzes the constitutional requirements for appointment to thejudiciary in the social, moral and ethical context. The profile of judges; theircompliance with the constitutional requirements for the judicial appointment;demands of judicial ethics; the perception of selected members of the bench anddetermination on how to meet the gap between what is being required from judgesby the 1987 Philippine Constitution and their actual work fitness, are discussed.This work utilizes both historical research and descriptive-analytical design usingquestionnaire and contextual analysis of data. Findings reveal the increase inthe number of younger lawyers appointed as judges and that Philippine legaleducation does not properly orient law students on judicial service. The SupremeCourt has enough capability to improve judicial education in the Philippines through the Philippine Judicial Academy and Legal Education Board. Every judge should be reminded of the constitutional requirements to every member ofthe judiciary and should always strive to adhere to these requirements.Keywords: Social Science, historical research, judicial appointment, judicial ethics,judicial education, competence, constitutional requirement, descriptiveanalyticaldesign, Philippines
Freezing of ridges and water networks preserves the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains for millions of years
Authors: Creyts Timothy T. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Bell Robin E. , Wolovick Michael , Corr Hugh , Rose Kathryn C. , Frearson Nicholas , Damaske Detlef , Jordan Tom , Braaten David , Finn Carol 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOnce an ice sheet grows beyond a critical thickness, the basal thermal regime favors melting and development of subglacial water networks. Subglacial water is necessary for bedrock erosion, but the exact mechanisms that lead to preservation of subglacial topography are unclear. Here we resolve the freezing mechanisms that lead to long‐term, high‐altitude preservation across the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in East Antarctica. Analyses of a comprehensive geophysical data set reveal a large‐scale water network along valley floors. The ice sheet often drives subglacial water up steep topography where it freezes along high ridges beneath thinner ice. Statistical tests of hypsometry show the Gamburtsevs resemble younger midlatitude mountains, indicating exceptional preservation. We conclude that the Gamburtsevs have been shielded from erosion since the latest Eocene (∼34 Ma). These freezing mechanisms likely account for the spatial and temporal patterns of erosion and preservation seen in other glaciated mountain ranges.
Observations and numerical simulations of large‐eddy circulation in the ocean surface mixed layer
Authors: Sundermeyer Miles A. , Skyllingstad Eric , Ledwell James R. , Concannon Brian , Terray Eugene A. , Birch Daniel , Pierce Stephen D. , Cervantes Brandy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo near‐surface dye releases were mapped on scales of minutes to hours temporally, meters to order 1 km horizontally, and 1–20 m vertically using a scanning, depth‐resolving airborne lidar. In both cases, dye evolved into a series of rolls with their major axes approximately aligned with the wind and/or near‐surface current. In both cases, roll spacing was also of order 5–10 times the mixed layer depth, considerably larger than the 1–2 aspect ratio expected for Langmuir cells. Numerical large‐eddy simulations under similar forcing showed similar features, even without Stokes drift forcing. In one case, inertial shear driven by light winds induced large aspect ratio large‐eddy circulation. In the second, a preexisting lateral mixed layer density gradient provided the dominant forcing. In both cases, the growth of the large‐eddy structures and the strength of the resulting dispersion were highly dependent on the type of forcing.
Regional variation of the tropical water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks
Authors: Lambert F. Hugo , Taylor Patrick C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe global and tropical mean water vapor and lapse rate radiative feedbacks are anticorrelated across contemporary climate models. Hence, despite substantial uncertainty in both, uncertainty in total clear‐sky modeled radiative feedback is small compared with other sources of feedback spread. Previous work has demonstrated that no such correlation exists when grid point water vapor and lapse rate feedbacks are considered within one model. Here we show that robust physical processes nevertheless determine significant aspects of both the water vapor and particularly the lapse rate feedbacks within the tropics. The lapse rate feedback increases with surface temperature change because the tropical troposphere cannot maintain strong temperature gradients. The water vapor feedback increases weakly with surface temperature over tropical ocean but slightly decreases over land, associated with moisture availability. Water vapor feedback is more strongly related to precipitation changes, increasing most strongly in the heaviest precipitating regions and least in the weakest.
Spatiotemporal changes, faulting regimes, and source parameters of induced seismicity: A case study from The Geysers geothermal field
Authors: Martínez‐Garzón Patricia , Kwiatek Grzegorz , Sone Hiroki , Bohnhoff Marco , Dresen Georg , Hartline Craig 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe spatiotemporal, kinematic, and source characteristics of induced seismicity occurring at different fluid injection rates are investigated to determine the predominant physical mechanisms responsible for induced seismicity at the northwestern part of The Geysers geothermal field, California. We analyze a relocated hypocenter catalog from a seismicity cluster where significant variations of the stress tensor orientation were previously observed to correlate with injection rates. We find that these stress tensor orientation changes may be related to increased pore pressure and the corresponding changes in poroelastic stresses at reservoir depth. Seismic events during peak injections tend to occur at greater distances from the injection well, preferentially trending parallel to the maximum horizontal stress direction. In contrast, at lower injection rates the seismicity tends to align in a different direction which suggests the presence of a local fault. During peak injection intervals, the relative contribution of strike‐slip faulting mechanisms increases. Furthermore, increases in fluid injection rates also coincide with a decrease in b values. Our observations suggest that regardless of the injection stage, most of the induced seismicity results from thermal fracturing of the reservoir rock. However, during peak injection intervals, the increase in pore pressure may likewise be responsible for the induced seismicity. By estimating the thermal and hydraulic diffusivities of the reservoir, we confirm that the characteristic diffusion length for pore pressure is much greater than the corresponding length scale for temperature and also more consistent with the spatial extent of seismicity observed during different injection rates.
Exceptional Agulhas leakage prolonged interglacial warmth during MIS 11c in Europe
Authors: Koutsodendris Andreas , Pross Jörg , Zahn Rainer 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe transport of warm and saline surface water from the Indo‐Pacific Ocean into the South Atlantic (“Agulhas leakage”) influences the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which in turn exerts control on European climate. Paleoceanographic data document a remarkably strong Agulhas leakage at the end of marine isotope stage (MIS) 11c interglacial (~400 ka B.P.), which is one of the best orbital analogues for the Holocene. Here we assess the potential influence of this exceptional Agulhas leakage on North Atlantic climate based on a compilation of marine and terrestrial proxy records from the Iberian margin and continental Europe. We show that a ~5 ka long warm period persisted across Europe beyond the MIS 11c climatic optimum. This warm period is testified by increases in foraminifer‐derived sea surface temperatures on the Iberian margin, a spread of temperate trees on Iberia, and the expansion both of evergreen trees and thermophilous diatom taxa in Central European lowlands. Paradoxically, this warming coincides with an insolation minimum, implying that orbital forcing can be excluded as the underlying cause. We conclude that persistent warmth during weak insolation at the end of MIS 11c in Europe may have been triggered by strengthened Agulhas leakage, which stimulated a vigorous AMOC and increased the northward transport of warm surface waters to higher latitudes via the North Atlantic Current. The close analogy of the present and MIS 11c orbital forcing underlines the possibility that the present‐day increase of the Agulhas leakage, although driven by different forcing than MIS 11c, may considerably affect future climates across Europe.
Why Can't We Settle Disputes Like Children?
Authors: Weil Richard S. 
Published: October 2014

Remember how we resolved disputes as kids? No, not the way that resulted in bloody noses. The more peaceful way, like –

Ro‐sham‐bo (Rock Paper Scissors)
Eeny‐meeny‐miny‐mo
Flipping a coin
Guess which hand the rock is in
Choosing sides or first‐ups by tossing a baseball bat
Drawing straws
One potato, two potato
Odds and evens
Arm wrestling
Cyclical behavior of solar filaments
Authors: Gao P.X. , Shi X.J. , Li Y. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Carte Synoptique catalogue of solar filaments from 1919 March to 1957 July, corresponding to complete cycles 16‐18, is utilized to show the latitudinal migrations of solar filaments at low (≤50°) and high (>50°) latitudes and the latitudinal distributions of solar filaments for all solar filaments, solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are less than or equal to 70° and solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are larger than 70°. The results show the following. (1) The latitudinal migrations of all low‐latitude solar filaments and low‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are less than or equal to 70° follow the Spörer sunspot law. However, the latitudinal migration of low‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are larger than 70° do not follow the Spörer sunspot law: there is no equatorward and no poleward drift. The latitudinal migration of high‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are larger than 70° is more significant than those of all high‐latitude solar filaments and high‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are less than or equal to 70°: there is a poleward migration from the latitude of about 50° to 70° and an equatorward migration from the latitude of about 70° to 50° of all high‐latitude solar filaments and high‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are less than or equal to 70° and there is a poleward migration from the latitude of about 50° to 80° and an equatorward migration from the latitude of about 80° to 50° of high‐latitude solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are larger than 70°. (2) The statistical characteristics of latitudinal distribution of solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are larger than 70° is different from those of all solar filaments and solar filaments whose maximum lengths during solar disk passage are less than or equal to 70° (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulations of galaxy formation and evolution
Authors: Scannapieco C. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe discuss recent results of hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation in a Λ Cold Dark Matter universe, focusing on galaxies of similar mass to the Milky Way, and with a variety of formation and merger histories. We investigate the present‐day properties of disks and spheroids, in terms of stellar ages, spatial structure and dynamics; as well as the evolution of the disks. We find that disks are young, and usually composed of two or more components: the youngest stars define thinner disks that rotate ∼2 times faster than thicker disks. The latter are populated by older stars, and have 2–3 times larger velocity dispersions than the younger population. Spheroids are old and are very diverse; their inner regions are sometimes characterized by the presence of prominent bars. The disks evolve significantly during evolution. In particular, we find that major mergers and misaligned gas accretion are able to completely or partially destroy disks. These results suggest that the survival probability of disks, and therefore the final morphology of galaxies, strongly depends on the particular formation and merger history of their parent haloes. Our results show that galaxy diversity arises naturally in ΛCDM as a result of the different evolutionary paths of dark matter haloes. We also discuss the most important open problems in this field (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Bochum survey of the southern Galactic disk: I. Survey design and first results on 50 square degrees monitored in 2011
Authors: Haas M. , Hackstein M. , Ramolla M. , Drass H. , Watermann R. , Lemke R. , Chini R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe are monitoring a 6° wide stripe along the southern Galactic disk simultaneously in the r and i bands, using a robotic 15‐cm twin telescope of the Universitätsternwarte Bochum near Cerro Armazones in Chile. Utilising the telescope's 2.7° field of view, the survey aims at observing a mosaic of 268 fields once per month and to monitor dedicated fields once per night. The survey reaches a sensitivity from 10m down to 18m (AB system), with a completeness limit of r ∼ 15.5m and i ∼ 14.5m which – due to the instrumental pixel size of 2.″4 – refers to stars separated by >3″. This brightness range is ideally suited to examine the intermediately bright stellar population supposed to be saturated in deep variability surveys with large telescopes. To connect to deep surveys or to explore faint long term variables, coadded images of several nights reach a depth of ∼ 20m. The astrometric accuracy is better than 1″, as determined from the overlap of neighbouring fields. We describe the survey design, the data properties and our procedures to derive the light curves and to extract variable stars. We present a list of ∼2200 variable stars identified in 50 square degrees with 50‐80 observations between May and October 2011. For bright stars the variability amplitude A reaches down to A ∼ 0.05m, while at the faint end variations of A > 1m are detected. About 200 stars were known tobe variable, and their amplitudes and periods – as far as determinable from our six month monitoring – agree with literature values, demonstrating the performance of the Bochum Galactic Disk Survey (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cold brown dwarfs with WISE: Y dwarfs and the field mass function
Authors: Kirkpatrick J.D. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe discovery of a new spectral class – the Y dwarfs – by NASA's Wide‐field Infrared Survey Explorer has enabled researchers to study the physics of the coldest brown dwarfs and to determine the prevalence of brown dwarfs in the Milky Way. The boundary between T dwarfs and Y dwarfs roughly coincides with the location where the J – H colors of brown dwarfs, as predicted by models, turn back to the red at effective temperatures below ∼ 400 K. Preliminary trigonometric parallax measurements show that the T/Y boundary appears also to correspond to the point at which the absolute H (1.6 µm) and W2 (4.6 µm) magnitudes plummet. Using these new distance measurements, it is found that hydrogenburning stars outnumber brown dwarfs by approximately a factor of six in the solar neighborhood. Using simulations describing the mass function as a power law or as a lognormal, we find that both the shape and predicted space densities in the mid‐T to early‐Y regime can be fit only if these functions are normalized downward to better reflect the relative paucity of brown dwarfs. The sample of currently identified Y dwarfs probes the field mass function to masses of ∼ 5 MJup, but confirmation of additional, colder Y dwarfs from WISE is needed to determine whether the low‐mass limit to star formation has yet been measured. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiple views of magnetism in cool stars
Authors: Morin J. , Jardine M. , Reiners A. , Shulyak D. , Beeck B. , Hallinan G. , Hebb L. , Hussain G. , Jeffers S.V. , Kochukhov O. , Vidotto A. , Walkowicz L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMagnetic fields are regarded as a crucial element for our understanding of stellar physics. They can be studied with a variety of methods which provide complementary – and sometimes contradictory – information about the structure, strength and dynamics of the magnetic field and its role in the evolution of stars. Stellar magnetic fields can be investigated either with direct methods based on the Zeeman effect or through the observation of activity phenomena resulting from the interaction of the field with the stellar atmosphere. In this Cool Stars 17 Splinter Session we discussed the results obtained by the many ongoing studies of stellar activity and direct studies of surface magnetic fields, as well as the state‐of‐the‐art techniques on which they are based. We show the strengths and limitations of the various approaches currently used and point out their evolution as well as the interest of coupling various magnetism and activity proxies. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiplicity of cool dwarfs
Authors: Dupuy T.J. , Allen P.R. , Kraus A.L. , Biler B. , Blake C.H. , Davison C. , Deacon N.R. , Duchêne G. , Geller A.M. , King R.R. , Law N.M. , Nguyen D.C. , Reipurth B. , Winters J.G. , Zhang Z.H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMultiple systems have long been used to probe the origin and evolution of stars of all masses. Only in the past 10–15 years have such studies been extended to brown dwarfs and the lowest mass stars through binary surveys of both young star forming regions and the older field population. In addition, a groundswell of interest in M dwarfs in recent years has resulted in large, modern datasets for these most common stars in the Galaxy, thereby enabling renewed perspectives on their multiplicity properties. These latest observational results have in turn fueled the many theories competing to explain the formation of low‐mass stars and brown dwarfs. This Cool Stars 17 splinter session examined the current state of this field by reviewing results from the numerous observational techniques – radial velocities, astrometry, direct imaging, and synoptic surveys – that have been used to study multiplicity from the earliest embedded protostars to objects in young star forming regions, old and intermediate‐age clusters, as well as the more heterogeneous field population. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic fields in hot stars and what we can learn for cool stars
Authors: Arlt R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe paper focuses on the theoretical understanding of magnetic fields in radiative zones of intermediate‐mass stars. The results for magnetic instabilities and dynamo effect are then seen in view of their effects in cool stars of which in fact many also have a radiative part. We now have a detailed understanding of these magnetic instabilities and can draw first conclusions about the dynamo effect expected from them. The activity of cool stars may actually be only understandable if the dynamo process is seen in conjunction with magnetic instabilities. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)