bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring factors and caregiver outcomes associated with feelings of preparedness for caregiving in family caregivers in palliative care: A correlational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Henriksson Anette , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: May 2013

Background: Family caregivers in palliative care often report feeling insufficiently prepared to handle the caregiver role. Preparedness has been confirmed as a variable that may actually protect family caregiver well-being. Preparedness refers to how ready family caregivers perceive they are for the tasks and demands in the caregiving role. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore factors associated with preparedness and to further investigate whether preparedness is associated with caregiver outcomes. Design: This was a correlational study using a cross-sectional design. Setting/participants: The study took place in three specialist palliative care units and one haematology unit. A total of 125 family caregivers of patients with life-threatening illness participated. Result: Preparedness was significantly associated with higher levels of hope and reward and with a lower level of anxiety. In contrast, preparedness was not associated with depression or health. Being female and cohabiting with the patient were significantly associated with a higher level of preparedness. The relationship to the patient was significantly associated with preparedness, while social support, place of care, time since diagnosis and age of the patients showed no association. Conclusion: Feelings of preparedness seem to be important for how family caregivers experience the unique situation when caring for a patient who is severely ill and close to death. Our findings support the inclusion of preparedness in support models for family caregivers in palliative care. Psycho-educational interventions could preferably be designed aiming to increase family caregiver’s preparedness to care, including practical care, communication and emotional support.
Descriptive Epidemiology of Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Clohisy John C. , Baca Geneva , Beaulé Paul E. , Kim Young-Jo , Larson Christopher M. , Millis Michael B. , Podeszwa David A. , Schoenecker Perry L. , Sierra Rafael J. , Sink Ernest L. , Sucato Daniel J. , Trousdale Robert T. , Zaltz Ira ,   ANCHOR Study Group
Published: May 2013

Background: Symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is associated with hip pain, functional limitations, and secondary osteoarthritis. There is limited information from large patient cohorts defining the specific population affected by FAI. Establishing a large cohort will facilitate the identification of “at-risk” patients and will provide a population for ongoing clinical research initiatives. The authors have therefore established a multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort of patients undergoing surgery for symptomatic FAI. Purpose: To report the clinical epidemiology, disease characteristics, and contemporary surgical treatment trends in North America for patients with symptomatic FAI. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Upon approval of the institutional review boards at 8 institutions, 12 surgeons enrolled consecutive patients undergoing surgical intervention for symptomatic FAI. Patient demographics, physical examination data, radiographic data, diagnoses, operative data, and standardized patient-reported outcome measures were collected. The first 1130 cases are summarized in this study. Results: A total of 1076 consecutive patients (1130 hips) were enrolled; 55% (n = 622) were female, and 45% (n = 508) were male, with an average age of 28.4 years and average body mass index (BMI) of 25.1. Demographics revealed that 88% of patients who were predominantly treated for FAI were white, 19% reported a family history of hip surgery, 47.6% of hips had a diagnosis of cam FAI, 44.5% had combined cam/pincer FAI, and 7.9% had pincer FAI. Preoperative clinical scores (pain, function, activity level, and overall health) indicated a major dysfunction related to the hip. Surgical interventions were arthroscopic surgery (50.4%), surgical dislocation (34.4%), reverse periacetabular osteotomy (9.4%), limited open osteochondroplasty with arthroscopic surgery (5.8%), and limited open by itself (1.5%). More than 90% of the hips were noted to have labral and articular cartilage abnormalities at surgery; femoral head-neck osteochondroplasty was performed in 91.6% of the surgical procedures, acetabular rim osteoplasty in 36.7%, labral repair in 47.8%, labral debridement in 16.3%, and acetabular chondroplasty in 40.1%. Conclusion: This multicenter, prospective, longitudinal cohort is one of the largest FAI cohorts to date. In this cohort, FAI occurred predominantly in young, white patients with a normal BMI, and there were more female than male patients. The disease pattern of cam FAI was most common. Contemporary treatment was predominantly arthroscopic followed by surgical hip dislocation.
Metaphyseal bone formation induced by a new injectable β-TCP-based bone substitute: A controlled study in rabbits
Authors: Krause Matthias , Oheim Ralf , Catala-Lehnen Philip , Pestka Jan M , Hoffmann Christiane , Huebner Wolf , Peters Fabian , Barvencik Florian , Amling Michael 
Published: May 2013

Purpose Adequate filling of bone defects still poses a challenge in every day clinical work. As many bone defects are irregularly shaped the need for appropriate scaffolds reaching the complete defect surface are great. The purpose of this pre-clinical pilot study was to investigate the handling, biocompatibility, biodegradation and osteoconductivity of a new pasty bone substitute (pure phase β-TCP, hyaluronic acid, methylcellulose) in bone tissue. Methods In an unilateral tibial defect model the peri-implant and bone tissue response to the new pasty bone substitute was tested in New Zealand white rabbits for up to 24 weeks compared to empty controls. Analysis included HR-pQCT scans, histomorphometric evaluation and quantification of vascularization of un-decalcified histological slices. Results After 1 week the experimental group presented significantly higher new bone volume fraction ( p = 0.021) primarily consisting of immature bone matrix and higher vessel density compared to controls ( p = 0.013). After 4 weeks bone formation was not significantly different to controls but was distributed more evenly throughout the defect. Bone matrix was now mineralized and trabeculae were thicker than in controls ( p = 0.002) indicating faster intramedullary bone maturation. Controls presented extensive periosteal bone formation, major fibrous tissue influx and high vascularization. After 12 and 24 weeks there was no new bone detectable. There were no severe signs of inflammation at all time points. Conclusion The substitute showed an early induction of bone formation. It promoted accelerated intramedullary bone repair and maturation and prevented periosteal bone formation indicating its potential use for reconstructive surgery of bone defects.
Improving the social cognitive deficits of schizophrenia: a community trial of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT)
Authors: Parker Stephen , Foley Sharon , Walker Philippa , Dark Frances 
Published: May 2013

Objective: Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) is a Cognitive and Behavioural Therapy (CBT) informed group therapy with an emerging evidence base in addressing the social cognitive deficits associated with schizophrenia. This paper evaluates the application of this therapy within a community public mental health setting in Australia. Method: A mixed methods approach to the evaluation was undertaken, including survey data and thematic analysis. Results: Considerable challenges were met in the trial of SCIT in this ‘real-world’ setting. The qualitative data suggested that at least a subset of participants viewed the program as valuable and relevant to their needs. Conclusions: Further research is required to realise the benefits of SCIT found in research settings, in the real world of public community psychiatric practice.
Alcohol Injection for Morton’s Neuroma
Authors: Gurdezi Sabahat , White Thomas , Ramesh Palanisamy 
Published: May 2013

Background: Although many treatment modalities are available for Morton’s neuroma (MN), studies looking at the long-term effectiveness of most forms of treatment are scarce. The injection of MN with alcohol has gained popularity over the past 10 years with widespread media coverage. Many surgeons have anecdotally questioned the long-term effectiveness of this treatment. We reviewed a cohort of patients at an average 5-year follow-up to assess the medium-term results of alcohol injection. Methods: We used the modified Johnson score and visual analogue scales to assess 45 of the original cohort of patients with an average follow-up of 61 months (range, 33-73 months). Any complications from the procedure were also noted. Results: Our results indicated that by 5 years, 16 of 45 patients had undergone surgical treatment and a further 13 patients had return of symptoms. Only 29% (13/45) remained symptom free. The visual analog scale and modified Johnson scores showed statistically significant deterioration in patients’ symptoms at 5 years following alcohol injection. Conclusion: Injection with alcohol sclerosant for MN has been marketed as a definitive management option comparable to surgical excision. Our investigation illustrated that although short-term results are encouraging, alcohol injection does not offer permanent resolution of symptoms for most patients and can be associated with considerable morbidity. Our investigation provides the only long-term data for alcohol injection treatment of MN. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective case series.
Comparison of Gait After Total Ankle Arthroplasty and Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Flavin Robert , Coleman Scott C. , Tenenbaum Shay , Brodsky James W. 
Published: May 2013

Background: Prior studies reported improved gait after total ankle arthroplasty and better parameters of gait than those reported in earlier studies of patients after ankle arthrodesis. However, there are very limited data prospectively evaluating the effects on gait after ankle arthroplasty compared with ankle arthrodesis. Controversy remains regarding the relative advantages and disadvantages of these 2 treatments and especially the differences in function between them. Methods: We performed a prospective study involving 28 patients with posttraumatic and primary ankle osteoarthritis and a control group of 14 normal volunteers. We compared gait in 14 patients who had undergone ankle arthrodesis with the gait of 14 patients who had ankle arthroplasty preoperatively and at 1 year postoperatively. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed with a 12-camera digital-motion capture system. Temporospatial measurements included stride length and cadence. The kinematic parameters that were measured included the sagittal plane range of motion of the ankle and the coronal plane range of motion of the ankle. Double force plates were used to collect kinetic parameters such as ankle coronal and plantar flexion–dorsiflexion moments and sagittal plane ankle power. Center of pressure (CoP) and its progression in gait cycle were calculated. Results: Baseline parameters showed comparability among the treatment and control groups. Temporospatial analysis, using time as the main effect, showed that compared with ankle arthrodesis, patients with total ankle arthroplasty had higher walking velocity attributable to both increases in stride length and cadence as well as more normalized first and second rockers of the gait cycle. Kinematic analysis, using time and intervention as the main effects, showed that patients who had ankle arthroplasty had better sagittal dorsiflexion ( P = .001), whereas those undergoing ankle arthrodesis had better coronal plane eversion ( P = .01). Neither ankle arthrodesis nor arthroplasty altered the CoP progression during stance phase. Total ankle arthroplasty produced a more symmetrical vertical ground reaction force curve, which was closer to that of the controls than was the curve of the ankle arthrodesis group. Conclusions: Patients in both the arthrodesis and arthroplasty groups had significant improvements in various parameters of gait when compared with their own preoperative function. Neither group functioned as well as the normal control subjects. Neither group was superior in every parameter of gait at 1 year postoperatively. However, the data suggest that the major parameters of gait after ankle arthrodesis in deformed ankle arthritis are comparable to gait function after total ankle arthroplasty in nondeformed ankle arthritis. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative study.
Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Exertional Compartment Syndrome
Authors: Davis Daniel E. , Raikin Steven , Garras David N. , Vitanzo Peter , Labrador Hallie , Espandar Ramin 
Published: May 2013

Background: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a condition that causes reversible ischemia and lower extremity pain during exercise. To date there are few large studies examining the characteristics of patients with CECS. This study aimed to present these characteristics by examining the largest published series of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of the disorder. Methods: An IRB-approved, retrospective review was undertaken of patients with a suspected diagnosis of CECS undergoing pre- and postexercise compartment pressure testing between 2000 and 2012. Patients were evaluated for gender, age, duration of symptoms, pain level, specific compartments involved, compartment pressure measurements, and participation and type of athletics. Results: Two-hundred twenty-six patients (393 legs) underwent compartment pressure testing. A diagnosis of CECS was made in 153 (67.7%) patients and 250 (63.6%) legs with elevated compartment measurements; average age of the patients was 24 years (range, 13-69 years). Female patients accounted for 92 (60.1%) of those with elevated pressures. Anterior and lateral compartment pressures were elevated most frequently, with 200 (42.5%) and 167 (35.5%) compartments, respectively. One hundred forty-one (92.2%) patients reported participation in sports, with running being the most common individual sport and soccer being the most common team sport. Duration of pain prior to diagnosis averaged 28 months. Conclusion: Although there is ample literature pertaining to the diagnostic criteria and treatment algorithm of the condition, few papers have described the type of patient most likely to develop CECS. This is the largest study to date to evaluate the type of patient likely to present with chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective review.
The physical anthropometry, lifestyle habits and blood pressure of people presenting with a first clinical demyelinating event compared to controls: The Ausimmune study
Authors: Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Lucas Robyn M , Dear Keith , van der Mei Ingrid , Taylor Bruce , Chapman Caron , Coulthard Alan , Dwyer Terence , Kilpatrick Trevor J , McMichael Anthony J , Pender Michael P , Valery Patricia C , Williams David 
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Lifestyle factors prior to a first clinical demyelinating event (FCD), a disorder often preceding the development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS), have not previously been examined in detail. Past tobacco smoking has been consistently associated with MS. Methods: This was a multicentre incident case-control study. Cases ( n = 282) were aged 18–59 years with an FCD and resident within one of four Australian centres (from latitudes 27°S to 43°S), from 1 November 2003 to 31 December 2006. Controls ( n = 558) were matched to cases on age, sex and study region, without CNS demyelination. Exposures measured included current and past tobacco and marijuana, alcohol and beverage use, physical activity patterns, blood pressure and physical anthropometry. Results: A history of smoking ever was associated with FCD risk (AOR 1.89 (95%CL 1.82, 3.52)). Marijuana use was not associated with FCD risk after adjusting for confounders such as smoking ever but the estimates were imprecise because of a low prevalence of use. Alcohol consumption was common and not associated with FCD risk. No case-control differences in blood pressure or physical anthropometry were observed. Conclusions: Past tobacco smoking was positively associated with a risk of FCD but most other lifestyle factors were not. Prevention efforts against type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease by increasing physical activity and reducing obesity are unlikely to alter MS incidence, and more targeted campaigns will be required.
Public relations and neo-institutional theory
Authors: Fredriksson Magnus , Pallas Josef , Wehmeier Stefan 
Published: May 2013

The article introduces a special section on public relations and neo-institutional theory where we seek to enrich research on public relations by using neo-institutional theory to describe, explain and understand the activities, processes and dynamics of the practice. By this we open up for a wider understanding of public relations, its preconditions, its performances and its consequences for shaping the social. The article starts with a discussion on earlier work in the tradition of neo-institutional theory where a lot of attention was paid to the governing mechanisms of institutions and how they control the behavior of actors. A perspective leading to some fundamental challenges where the primary objection was the over-determinism neo-institutional researchers ascribed to institutions. Taking these objectives seriously we follow more recent developments and present three streams of research – institutional logics, translation and institutional work – where agency is given a more profound role. We argue for how an employment of the logic can help us gain a more insightful understanding of public relations and communication as an institutional practice; how public relations functions as a carrier and translator of institutions; and how public relations is used to challenge and re-shape the foundations on which social actors interact with each other. We argue that public relations could be analyzed as an institutionalized practice with certain set of governing mechanisms including taken-for-granted activities, rules, norms and ideas. One argument for a neo-institutional perspective is the importance it gives communication in the understanding of organizations, institutions and society. Another argument is recent developments where public relations and other forms of organizational communication have been examined as a major dimension of organizing in some of the more profound works among neo-institutional theorists.
Reproducibility of pain manikins: a comparison of paper versus online questionnaires
Authors: Jones Gareth T , Kyabaggu Ramona , Marais Debbi , Macfarlane Gary J 
Published: May 2013

Background In epidemiological studies, pain location is often collected by paper questionnaire using blank body manikins, onto which participants shade the location of their pain(s). However, it is unknown how reliable these will transfer to online questionnaires. The aim of the current study was to determine agreement between online- and paper-based completion of pain manikins. Methods A total of 264 children, aged 15–18 years, completed both an online and a paper questionnaire. Participants were asked to identify the location of their pain by highlighting predefined body areas on a manikin (online) or by shading a blank version of the manikin (paper). The difference in the prevalence of 12 regional/widespread pain conditions was determined, and agreement between online and paper questionnaires was assessed using prevalence- and bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK). Results For the majority of pain conditions, prevalence was higher when ascertained by paper questionnaire. However, for the most part, the difference in prevalence was modest (range: −1.1 to 5.7%) the exceptions being hip/thigh pain (difference: 10.6%) and upper back pain (difference: 14.8%). For most pain locations, there was good or very good agreement between paper and online manikins (PABAK range: 0.61 to 0.88). However, identification of pain in the hip/thigh and in the upper back had poorer agreement (PABAK: 0.49 and 0.29, respectively). Conclusions This is the first study to examine the reproducibility of body manikins on different media, in a population-based survey. We have shown that online manikins can be used to capture data on pain location in a manner satisfactorily comparable to paper questionnaires.
On strong orthogonality and strictly convex normed linear spaces
Authors: Paul Kallol , Sain Debmalya , Jha Kanhaiya 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We introduce the notion of a strongly orthogonal set relative to an element in the sense of Birkhoff-James in a normed linear space to find a necessary and sufficient condition for an element x of the unit sphere

S
X

to be an exposed point of the unit ball

B
X

. We then prove that a normed linear space is strictly convex iff for each element x of the unit sphere, there exists a bounded linear operator A on X which attains its norm only at the points of the form λx with

λ
∈

S
K

.

MSC:46B20, 47A30.
Effects of lifestyle education program for type 2 diabetes patients in clinics: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Adachi Misa , Yamaoka Kazue , Watanabe Mariko , Nishikawa Masako , Kobayashi Itsuro , Hida Eisuke , Tango Toshiro 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is rising worldwide, as has been the global mean fasting plasma glucose level. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured individual-based lifestyle education (SILE) program to reduce the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level in type 2 diabetes patients delivered by registered dietitians in primary care clinical settings.

Methods
This was a 6-month prospective cluster randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting with randomization at the practice level. Twenty general practitioners in 20 clinics in Kanagawa prefecture, Japan, were involved. 193 adults (51% men, mean age 61.3 years) with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ≥6.5% who received treatment in medical clinics were the participants. A SILE program was implemented through 4 sessions with trained registered dietitians during the 6-month study period. Results were compared with those of a control group who received usual care. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1c levels at 6 months from baseline. Secondary endpoints were the changes at 6 months from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, BMI, energy, and nutrient intakes (whole day and each meal). Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted. Mixed-effects linear models were used to examine the effects of the treatment.

Results
The mean change at 6 months from baseline in HbA1c was a 0.7% decrease in the intervention group (n = 100) and a 0.2% decrease in the control group (n = 93) (difference −0.5%, 95%CI: -0.2% to −0.8%, p = 0.004). After adjusting for baseline values and other factors, the difference was still significant (p = 0.003 ~ 0.011). The intervention group had a significantly greater decrease in mean energy intake at dinner compared with the control group and a greater increase in mean vegetable intake for the whole day, breakfast, and lunch as shown in crude and adjusted models. A tendency toward improvement was observed in the other secondary endpoints but the improvement was not statistically significant. These results were confirmed by several sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
The SILE program that was provided in primary care settings for patients with type 2 diabetes resulted in greater improvement in HbA1c levels than usual diabetes care and education.

Trial registration

http://UMIN000004049