bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Failure Reveals Success
Authors: Cockerill Kristan 
Published: July 2013

SummaryAlthough environmental education and education for sustainable development have become well‐established areas of scholarship and practice, there has not been a similar development focused on “industrial ecology education.” A review of the historical context and guiding philosophies for each of these areas finds many similarities, as well as key differences. Environmental education traces its modern roots to the idealism of the 1960s and 1970s. It has focused mostly on improving environmental conditions. Education for sustainable development arose along with international concerns about social justice. It has emphasized general education as well as education about sustainability as necessary to ensure human prosperity. Industrial ecology, in its contemporary form, evolved as an applied approach to address environmental concerns and to meet sustainability goals. It has developed into a diverse, multifaceted approach to address the complexity inherent in industrial society. Education focused on industrial ecology remains decentralized, with core principles and tools being integrated into existing disciplinary programs as well as development of industrial‐ecology–specific curricula. These efforts have not coalesced into a formalized, industrial ecology education. Rather than reflecting a shortcoming, this potentially offers a more robust method for applying industrial ecology principles and tools widely.
A prospective 14‐year longitudinal follow‐up of dementia in persons with Down syndrome
Authors: McCarron M. , McCallion P. , Reilly E. , Mulryan N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo examine dementia characteristics, age at onset and associated comorbidities in persons with Down syndrome.MethodSeventy‐seven people with Down syndrome aged 35 years and older were followed longitudinally. The diagnosis of dementia was established using the modified International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) criteria and a combination of objective and informant‐based tests. Cognitive tests included the Test for Severe Impairment and the Down Syndrome Mental Status Examination; adaptive behaviour was measured using the Daily Living Skills Questionnaire. The Dementia Questionnaire for Mental Retarded Persons (DMR) was added to the test battery in 2005 and this study includes follow‐up data for this instrument.ResultsOver the 14‐year period the average age of diagnosis at 55.41 years (SD = 7.14) was in the higher range of previously reported estimates (51–56 years) and a median survival of 7 years after diagnosis. Persons with dementia in the sample were significantly older than persons without dementia. The presence of dementia was also associated with epilepsy and sensory impairments. Among instruments the DMR appeared most sensitive to tracking change in symptoms over time before diagnosis.ConclusionThe previously reported high risk levels for dementia among people with Down syndrome was confirmed in these data as was the value of the instruments utilised in tracking decline and helping to confirm diagnosis even in persons with severe intellectual disability.
Self‐reported versus informant‐reported depressive symptoms in adults with mild intellectual disability
Authors: Mileviciute I. , Hartley S. L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundVirtually nothing is known about potential differences in the types of depression symptoms reported by adults with mild intellectual disability (ID) on self‐reported questionnaires as compared with the types of symptoms reported by caregivers on informant questionnaires. Moreover, little is known about how the presentation of depression among adults with mild ID varies based on socio‐demographic characteristics.MethodsWe compared findings from two self‐reported questionnaires, the Self‐Reported Depression Questionnaire (SRDQ) and the Glasgow Depression Scale for People with a Learning Disability (GDS), to that of an informant questionnaire of depressive symptoms, the Glasgow Depression Scale – Caregiver Supplement (CGDS), in 80 adults with mild ID. We also examined the association between age, sex, IQ and the presence of a co‐occurring psychiatric disorder and frequency of affective, cognitive and somatic depressive symptoms in our sample of adults with mild ID.ResultsAdults with mild ID self‐reported a higher frequency of affective and cognitive depressive symptoms than staff reported on the informant measure. Staff reported a higher frequency of somatic symptoms than adults with mild ID on one of the self‐reported questionnaires (GDS) and a similar frequency on the other self‐reported questionnaire (SRDQ). Important differences were found in the types of depressive symptoms based on their IQ, age and presence of a co‐occurring psychiatric disorder.ConclusionInformant questionnaires offer valuable information, but assessment should include self‐reported questionnaires as these questionnaires add unique information about internalised experiences (affective and cognitive symptoms) of adults with mild ID that may not be apparent to caregivers. Health care providers should be made aware of the important differences in the presentation of depressive based on their IQ, age and presence of a co‐occurring psychiatric disorder.
An estuarine species of the alga Vaucheria (Xanthophyceae) displays an increased capacity for turgor regulation when compared to a freshwater species
Authors: Muralidhar Abishek , Novis Phil M. , Broady Paul A. , Collings David A. , Garrill Ashley 
Published: July 2013

Turgor regulation is the process by which walled organisms alter their internal osmotic potential to adapt to osmotic changes in the environment. Apart from a few studies on freshwater oomycetes, the ability of stramenopiles to turgor regulate has not been investigated. In this study, turgor regulation and growth were compared in two species of the stramenopile alga Vaucheria, Vaucheria erythrospora isolated from an estuarine habitat, and Vaucheria repens isolated from a freshwater habitat. Species were identified using their rbcL sequences and respective morphologies. Using a single cell pressure probe to directly measure turgor in Vaucheria after hyperosmotic shock, V. erythrospora was found to recover turgor after a larger shock than V. repens. Threshold shock values for this ability were >0.5 MPa for V. erythrospora and <0.5 MPa for V. repens. Recovery was more rapid in V. erythrospora than V. repens after comparable shocks. Turgor recovery in V. erythrospora was inhibited by Gd3+ and TEA, suggesting a role for mechanosensitive channels, nonselective cation channels, and K+ channels in the process. Growth studies showed that V. erythrospora was able to grow over a wider range of NaCl concentrations. These responses may underlie the ability of V. erythrospora to survive in an estuarine habitat and restrict V. repens to freshwater. The fact that both species can turgor regulate may indicate a fundamental difference between members of the Stramenopila, as research to date on oomycetes suggests they are unable to turgor regulate.
Meta‐analysis of observational studies: hepatitis C and survival after renal transplant
Authors: Fabrizi F. , Martin P. , Dixit V. , Messa P. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryRecent evidence has shown that anti‐HCV‐positive serologic status is significantly linked to lower patient and graft survival after renal transplant, but conflicting results have been given on this point. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the published medical literature concerning the impact of HCV infection on all‐cause mortality and graft loss after RT. The relative risk of all‐cause mortality and graft loss was regarded as the most reliable outcome end‐point. Study‐specific relative risks were weighted by the inverse of their variance to obtain fixed‐ and random‐effect pooled estimates for mortality and graft loss with HCV across the published studies. We identified eighteen observational studies involving 133 530 unique renal transplant recipients. The summary estimate for adjusted relative risk (aRR) of all‐cause mortality was 1.85 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.49; 2.31 (P < 0.0001); heterogeneity statistics, Ri = 0.87 (P‐value by Q‐test = 0.001). The overall estimate for adjusted RR of all‐cause graft loss was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.46; 2.11) (P < 0.0001), heterogeneity statistics, Ri = 0.65 (P‐value by Q‐test = 0.001). Stratified analysis did not change meaningfully these results. Meta‐regression showed that living donor rate had a favourable influence on patient (P = 0.031) and graft survival (P = 0.01), whilst diabetes mellitus having a detrimental role on patient survival (P = 0.001). This meta‐analysis of observational studies supports the notion that HCV‐positive patients after RT have an increased risk of mortality and graft loss. Further studies are in progress to understand better the mechanisms underlying the relationship between HCV and mortality or graft dysfunction after renal transplant.
Bezafibrate normalizes alkaline phosphatase in primary biliary cirrhosis patients with incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid
Authors: Lens Sabela , Leoz María , Nazal Leyla , Bruguera Miguel , Parés Albert 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsUrsodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the standard treatment for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) but excellent response is not observed in all cases. Since potential favourable effects of fibrates have been reported in short series with inconclusive results, we have carried out a pilot study to analyse the effects of bezafibrate in patients with suboptimal response to UDCA.MethodsThirty women (age 52.3 ± 2.3 years) treated with UDCA and abnormal alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels received bezafibrate (400 mg/d) for 1 year. Changes were measured every 3 months during the study period of 12 months, 3 months after discontinuation and 3 months after resuming bezafibrate.ResultsTwo patients discontinued the treatment after few days, three at 6 and one at 9 months. Bezafibrate treatment resulted in a significant decrease in AP as early as 3 months. Normalization or decrease of AP below 1.5 times normal levels was observed in 13 and 4 patients respectively. There was also a significant decrease in γ‐glutamyl transferase and alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Bezafibrate treatment resulted in significant improvement of pruritus. A rebound in liver biochemistries and pruritus occurred upon drug discontinuation, changes which improved again after resuming bezafibrate. Response to bezafibrate was associated with lower liver stiffness and severity of cholestasis. No severe adverse effects were observed.ConclusionsCombination treatment of bezafibrate and UDCA is associated with marked decrease or normalization of alkaline phosphatase as early as 3 months in patients with PBC. Better biochemical response was observed in patients with early disease and lower cholestasis.
CellMinerHCC: a microarray‐based expression database for hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Staib Frank , Krupp Markus , Maass Thorsten , Itzel Timo , Weinmann Arndt , Lee Ju‐Seog , Schmidt Bertil , Müller Martina , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Galle Peter R. , Teufel Andreas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsTherapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) still remain limited. Development of gene targeted therapies is a promising option. A better understanding of the underlying molecular biology is gained in in vitro experiments. However, even with targeted manipulation of gene expression varying treatment responses were observed in diverse HCC cell lines. Therefore, information on gene expression profiles of various HCC cell lines may be crucial to experimental designs. To generate a publicly available database containing microarray expression profiles of diverse HCC cell lines.MethodsMicroarray data were analyzed using an individually scripted R program package. Data were stored in a PostgreSQL database with a PHP written web interface. Evaluation and comparison of individual cell line expression profiles are supported via public web interface.ResultsThis database allows evaluation of gene expression profiles of 18 HCC cell lines and comparison of differential gene expression between multiple cell lines. Analysis of commonly regulated genes for signaling pathway enrichment and interactions demonstrates a liver tumor phenotype with enrichment of major cancer related KEGG signatures like ‘cancer’ and ‘inflammatory response’. Further molecular associations of strong scientific interest, e.g. ‘lipid metabolism’, were also identified.ConclusionsWe have generated CellMinerHCC (http://www.medicalgenomics.org/cellminerhcc), a publicly available database containing gene expression data of 18 HCC cell lines. This database will aid in the design of in vitro experiments in HCC research, because the genetic specificities of various HCC cell lines will be considered.
Sigma factor RpoN (σ54) regulates pilE transcription in commensal Neisseria elongata
Authors: Rendón María A. , Hockenberry Alyson M. , McManus Steven A. , So Magdalene 
Published: July 2013

SummaryHuman‐adapted Neisseria includes two pathogens, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, and at least 13 species of commensals that colonize many of the same niches as the pathogens. The Type IV pilus plays an important role in the biology of pathogenic Neisseria. In these species, Sigma factor RpoD (σ70), Integration Host Factor, and repressors RegF and CrgA regulate transcription of pilE, the gene encoding the pilus structural subunit. The Type IV pilus is also a strictly conserved trait in commensal Neisseria. We present evidence that a different mechanism regulates pilE transcription in commensals. Using Neisseria elongata as a model, we show that Sigma factor RpoN (σ54), Integration Host Factor, and an activator we name Npa regulate pilE transcription. Taken in context with previous reports, our findings indicate pilE regulation switched from an RpoN‐ to an RpoD‐dependent mechanism as pathogenic Neisseria diverged from commensals during evolution. Our findings have implications for the timing of Tfp expression and Tfp‐mediated host cell interactions in these two groups of bacteria.
Increased rate of force development and neuromuscular activity after high‐load resistance training in patients undergoing dialysis
Authors: Molsted Stig , Andersen Jesper L , Eidemak Inge , Harrison Adrian P 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high‐load resistance training on the rate of force development and neuromuscular function in patients undergoing dialysis.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients were tested before and after 16 weeks of resistance training. The rate of force development was tested using the Good Strength dynamometer chair. Muscle strength and neuromuscular function in the m. Vastus lateralis was estimated using electromyography in a one repetition maximum test during dynamic knee extension and during a 20 s isometric knee extension with 50% of the one repetition maximum load. Muscle biopsies from the m. Vastus lateralis were analysed for morphologic characteristics.ResultsOne repetition maximum in knee extension increased by 46% (P < 0.001) after the training programme. Rate of force development increased by 21–38% (P < 0.05). The electromyography amplitude increased during 200–300 msec from 183 ± 36 μV to 315 ± 66 μV, (P < 0.05), whilst electromyography frequency remained unchanged. The electromyography signals, during isometric contractions, remained unchanged. A higher rate of force development was found to be significantly associated with larger type 2 muscle fibres (r = 0.647).ConclusionMuscle strength in patients undergoing dialysis was increased after 16 weeks of resistance training in parallel with changed neuromuscular function and greater rate of force development, both of which have important clinical implications in terms of improved physical performance.
Protective effects of angiotensin‐(1–7) administrated with an angiotensin‐receptor blocker in a rat model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Xu Chengyan , Ding Wei , Zhang Minmin , Gu Yong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimAngiotensin‐(1–7) (Ang‐(1–7)) opposes angiotensin‐II‐induced cell growth, matrix accumulation and fibrosis in cardiac tissue. However, the role of Ang‐(1–7) in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis is uncertain. This study observed the effects of Ang‐(1–7), on its own or in combination with losartan, an angiotensin‐receptor blocker, on five‐sixths nephrectomized rats.MethodsMale Sprague–Dawley rats underwent five‐sixths nephrectomy, and then were either untreated, treated with Ang‐(1–7), treated with losartan, or treated with a combination therapy of Ang‐(1–7) and losartan. After 8 weeks, renal function was assessed by measuring systolic blood pressure, serum creatinine and proteinuria. The effect of nephrectomy on the renin–angiotensin system was examined by measuring plasma levels of Ang‐II and Ang‐(1–7). The extent of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis was assessed by periodic acid‐Schiff staining and Masson‐trichrome staining. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, fibronectin and angiopoietins‐Tie‐2 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and western blot.ResultsIn the groups of treated rats, serum creatinine, proteinuria and markers of glomerulosclerosis, such as fibronectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, were ameliorated compared with the untreated, nephrectomized rats. Plasma Ang‐(1–7) levels were elevated in all treatment groups, but the plasma Ang‐II levels were reduced in the Ang‐(1–7)‐treated group and the combination therapy group. The ratio of Ang‐1/Ang‐2 was increased in the combination therapy group compared with two other treatment groups.ConclusionAng‐(1–7) ameliorated the renal injury of nephrectomized rats. The combination of Ang‐(1–7) treatment alongside losartan exerted a superior effect to that of Ang‐(1–7) alone on regression of glomerulosclerosis.
Allergic reactions to vaccines
Authors: Wood Robert A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAnaphylactic reactions to vaccines are rare but do occur, and have been reported for nearly every vaccine. And while the reaction rate per each dose of vaccine is low, this is a common clinical question due in large part to the enormous numbers of vaccines administered. Reactions are most often due to vaccine constituents rather than the microbial components of the vaccine, but in many instances, the specific ingredient triggering the reaction cannot be definitively identified. Evaluation of patients with suspected vaccine reactions should begin by determining whether the symptoms and timing of the reaction were consistent with a true allergic reaction, followed by an assessment to determine whether the patient needs further doses of the vaccine in question, or similar vaccines, in the future. Skin and serologic testing to vaccines and vaccine constituents can then be performed to further assess the potential cause of the reaction and to develop a plan for future immunizations. Specific guidelines for the administration of influenza vaccines to egg allergic patients have been revised to allow virtually all patients to receive this vaccine in a straightforward manner.
No effect of probiotics on respiratory allergies: a seven‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial in infancy
Authors: Abrahamsson Thomas R. , Jakobsson Ted , Björkstén Bengt , Oldaeus Göran , Jenmalm Maria C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundSupplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri reduced the incidence of IgE‐associated allergic disease in infancy. This treatment might therefore also reduce the risk of asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in school age.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether perinatal and infant supplementation with L. reuteri reduced the prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age and to explore whether this supplementation was associated with any long‐term side effects.MethodsA randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with oral supplementation with L. reuteri ATCC 55730 (1 × 108 CFU) during the last month of gestation and through the first year of life comprising 232 families with allergic disease, of whom 184 completed a 7‐yr follow‐up. The primary outcomes at 7 yr of age were allergic disease and skin prick test reactivity (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT01285830).ResultsThe prevalence of asthma (15% in the probiotic vs. 16% in placebo group), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (27% vs. 20%), eczema (21% vs. 19%) and skin prick test reactivity (29% vs. 26%) was similar in the probiotic and placebo group. Growth indices and gastrointestinal symptoms were similar in the two groups. No severe adverse events were reported.ConclusionThe effect of L. reuteri on sensitization and IgE‐associated eczema in infancy did not lead to a lower prevalence of respiratory allergic disease in school age. Thus, the effect of L. reuteri on the immune system seems to be transient. Administration of L. reuteri during the last weeks of gestation and in infancy was not associated with any long‐term side effects.
Phosphorus nutrition of woody plants: many questions – few answers
Authors: Rennenberg H. , Herschbach C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPhosphorus (P) acquisition, cycling and use efficiency has been investigated intensively with herbaceous plants. It is known that local as well as systemic signalling contributes to the control ofPacquisition. Woody plants are long‐lived organisms that adapt their life cycle to the changing environment during their annual growth cycle. Little is known aboutPacquisition andPcycling in perennial plants, especially regarding storage and mobilisation, its control by systemic and environmental factors, and its interaction with the largely closed ecosystem‐levelPcycle. The present report presents a view on open questions on plant internalPcycling in woody plants.
Effect of wheat spike infection timing on fusarium head blight development and mycotoxin accumulation
Authors: Siou D. , Gélisse S. , Laval V. , Repinçay C. , Canalès R. , Suffert F. , Lannou C. 
Published: July 2013

Fusarium head blight in wheat spikes is associated with production of mycotoxins by the fungi. Although flowering is recognized as the most favourable host stage for infection, a better understanding of infection timing on disease development and toxin accumulation is needed. This study monitored the development of eight characterized isolates of F. graminearum, F. culmorum and F. poae in a greenhouse experiment. The fungi were inoculated on winter wheat spikes before or at anther extrusion, or at 8, 18 and 28 days later. Disease levels were estimated by the AUDPC and thousand‐kernel weight (TKW). The fungal biomass (estimated by qPCR) and toxin concentration (deoxynivalenol and nivalenol, estimated by UPLC‐UV‐MS/MS) were measured in each inoculated spike, providing a robust estimation of these variables and allowing correlations based on single‐individual measurements to be established. The toxin content correlated well with fungal biomass in kernels, independently of inoculation date. The AUDPC was correlated with fungal DNA, but not for early and late infection dates. The highest disease and toxin levels were for inoculations around anthesis, but early or late infections led to detectable levels of fungus and toxin for the most aggressive isolates. Fungal development appeared higher in kernels than in the chaff for inoculations at anthesis, but the opposite was found for later inoculations. These results show that anthesis is the most susceptible stage for FHB, but also clearly shows that early and late infections can produce significant disease development and toxin accumulation with symptoms difficult to estimate visually.