bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral resolution improvement of laser-scanning imaging for nano defects detection
Authors: Yokozeki Hiroki , Kudo Ryota , Takahashi Satoru , Takamasu Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Demand for higher efficiency in the semiconductor manufacturing industry is continually increasing. In particular, nano defects measurement on patterned or bare Si semiconductor wafer surfaces is an important quality control factor for realizing high productivity and reliability of semiconductor device fabrication. Optical methods and electron beam methods are conventionally used for the inspection of semiconductor wafers. Because they are nondestructive and suitable for high-throughput inspection, optical methods are preferable to electron beam methods such as scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and so on. However, optical methods generally have an essential disadvantage about lateral spatial resolution than electron beam methods, because of the diffraction limit depending on the optical wavelength. In this research, we aim to develop a novel laser-scanning imaging method that can be applied to nano-/micro manufacturing processes such as semiconductor wafer surface inspection to allow lateral spatial super-resolution imaging with resolution beyond the diffraction limit. In our proposed method, instead of detecting the light intensity value from the beam spot on the inspection surface, the light intensity distribution, which is formed with infinity corrected optical system, coming from the beam spot on the inspection surface is detected. In addition, nano scale shifts in the beam spot are applied for laser spot scanning using a conventional laser-scanning method in which the spots are shifted at about a 100 nm pitch. By detecting multiple light intensity distributions due to the nano scale shifts, a super-resolution image reconstruction with resolution beyond the diffraction limit can be expected. In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed method, several numerical simulations were carried out.
Agonale Ökonomien. Städtische Sportkulturen des 15. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel der Florentiner Palio-Pferderennen
Authors: Jaser Christian 
Published: June 2014

Zusammenfassung
Innerhalb der Serie von Pferderennen, die seit dem 13. Jahrhundert in vielen Städten Nord- und Mittelitaliens ausgetragen wurden, nahm im Quattrocento der Florentiner Palio zu Ehren des Stadtpatrons Johannesʼ des Täufers eine herausragende Stellung ein, sowohl was die Dotierung des Siegespreises als auch den Grad öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit angeht. Dieses alljährlich ausgetragene Rennen war nicht nur auf vielfältige Weise in das räumliche, soziale und wirtschaftliche Gefüge der Stadt verwoben, sondern strahlte als Bühne politischer und dynastischer Konkurrenzen auch weit über die Stadtgrenzen hinweg aus. Im Unterschied zur bisherigen Forschung, die sich überwiegend auf festkulturelle und repräsentative Aspekte konzentriert hat, rückt der Beitrag den Ereigniskern des Paliorennens als sportkulturelle Leistungs- und Prestigekonkurrenz ins Zentrum. Dabei werden dessen agonale Ökonomien exemplarisch auf drei Feldern durchdekliniert: Zunächst wird erstens die Raumorganisation der Palioroute und ihre gesamtstädtische Semantik in den Blick genommen; zweitens geht es um die Beziehung der adeligen und stadtbürgerlichen Patrone zu ihren Rennpferden, die Objekte des transkulturellen Handels und einer hohe Investitionen erfordernden Gestütspolitik waren; der dritte Abschitt schließlich beschäftigt sich mit der Performanz der Rennpferde, die zum Gegenstand einer Leistungsmemoria und über das Medium des Wettens in monetäre Gewinne und Verluste umgesetzt wurde. In der Zusammenschau lassen sich hieraus wesentliche Eckpunkte einer städischen Sportkultur des 15. Jahrhunderts ableiten und die Leitperspektiven einer vormodernen Sportgeschichte neu ausloten.
Hypoglycemic effect of Rhizophora mucronata in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Pandey Awanish K. , Gupta Prem P. , Lal Vijay K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Rhizophora mucronata, plant of Mangroove family, found on the coastal region of India and used in treatment of various diseases. Different parts of plants are used in treatment of diabetes as folkloric medicine. The present study was designed to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of R. mucronata. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were treated with RME (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg). Blood glucose levels were evaluated for the acute and sub-acute studies and body weight of rats were also monitored. All the treatments showed the highly significant (p<0.01) hypoglycemic effect in both the acute and the sub-acute studies. RME and glibenclamide treated rats were maintained the body weight during the study period while as the body weight of diabetic rats had gone down. The result of this study scientifically proved the hypoglycemic folkloric use of leaves of R. mucronata in treatment of diabetes.
Bridging the Gap: Hazard Mitigation in the Global Context
Authors: Klima Kelly , Jerolleman Alessandra 
Published: June 2014

AbstractNatural hazard mitigation is a recent field in name only. For decades various professionals have been practicing hazard mitigation: for example, emergency managers have been working with architects and city planners to update building codes for disaster-resistant construction, civil engineers have been working with local officials to design flood-resistant urban drainage systems, and foresters have been working with state officials to enact more effective prescribed burning practices. Yet most often, natural hazard mitigation has taken place as isolated activities scattered within the daily duties of diverse professions – an accidentally cross-disciplinary effort recognized as vitally important to protect individuals and communities, yet not recognized as its own multidisciplinary field. The crucial importance of natural hazard mitigation requires a more coherent approach, with consistent and accessible technical information and training, formal and informal discourse among hazard mitigation professionals, interaction with a greater public awareness of the social components, and recognition of hazard mitigation as a profession in its own right. Simultaneously, hazard mitigation professionals need to strengthen their multidisciplinary tendencies and continue to collaborate with other key fields, such as public health and the various sciences. Today many professionals are starting to bridge the gaps between disaster risk reduction, hazard mitigation, and climate adaptation. This article discusses the benefits of emergency management professionals working with others in community partnerships to achieve resilience
Multiple-attribute Decision-Making Method under a Single-Valued Neutrosophic Hesitant Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Ye Jun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
On the basis of the combination of single-valued neutrosophic sets and hesitant fuzzy sets, this article proposes a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set (SVNHFS) as a further generalization of the concepts of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, single-valued neutrosophic set, hesitant fuzzy set, and dual hesitant fuzzy set. Then, we introduce the basic operational relations and cosine measure function of SVNHFSs. Also, we develop a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy weighted averaging (SVNHFWA) operator and a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy weighted geometric (SVNHFWG) operator and investigate their properties. Furthermore, a multiple-attribute decision-making method is established on the basis of the SVNHFWA and SVNHFWG operators and the cosine measure under a single-valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy environment. Finally, an illustrative example of investment alternatives is given to demonstrate the application and effectiveness of the developed approach.
Combined spinal epidural analgesia for labor using sufentanil epidurally versus intrathecally: a retrospective study on the influence on fetal heart trace
Authors: Everaert Nele , Coppens Marc , Vlerick Peter , Braems Geert , Wouters Patrick , De Hert Stefan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objective: We retrospectively compared a protocol using sufentanil and ropivacaine intrathecally with a protocol in which only ropivacaine was administered intrathecally and sufentanil was used epidurally to evaluate whether banning sufentanil from the intrathecal space results in a decreased incidence of adverse fetal heart rate changes.

Methods: Some 520 cardiotocographic tracings were examined for changes in fetal heart rate and uterine activity following two different protocols of combined spinal epidural analgesia. Charts were consulted for neonatal and labor outcome.

Results: When sufentanil was used epidurally instead of intrathecally, the incidence of adverse changes in fetal heart trace was less, demonstrated by a higher percentage of normal reassuring tracings (74.5% vs. 60.4% when sufentanil was used intrathecally; P=0.007), less tracings showing bradycardia (7.5% vs. 14.1%; P=0.035), and more tracings displaying 3 or more accelerations in fetal heart rate in 45 min (93.5% vs. 83.9%; P=0.003) together with less episodes of tachycardia (3.5% vs. 11.4%; P=0.005). There were no differences in labor and neonatal outcome.

Conclusions: Based on fetal heart tracing, it seems favorable to ban sufentanil from the intrathecal compartment.
Rediscovery of the Hungarian birch mouse (Sicista subtilis trizona) in Transylvania (Romania) with molecular characterisation of its phylogenetic affinities
Authors: Cserkész Tamás , Aczél-Fridrich Zsuzsanna , Hegyeli Zsolt , Sugár Szilárd , Czabán Dávid , Horváth Orsolya , Sramkó Gábor 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Southern birch mouse (
Microstructural and mechanical properties of Cu-7vol.%ZrB2 alloy produced by powder metallurgy techniques
Authors: Ružić Jovana , Stašić Jelena , Rajković Viseslava , Raić Karlo , Božić Dušan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Cu-7vol.%ZrB2 alloy examined in this study was consolidated via powder metallurgy (PM) processing by combining mechanical alloying and hot pressing. Powder mixture with composition: 94.78 wt.% copper, 4.1 wt.% zirconium, and 1.12 wt.% boron was used as a starting material. Mechanical alloying of powder mixture was performed at various times: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 h. Structural changes that occur in the samples of copper alloy with 7vol.%ZrB2 after milling and during hot pressing process were studied with the use of X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) was applied to examine the morphological properties and elemental analysis of the hot-pressed samples as a function of milling times. Also, hardness of the Cu-7vol.%ZrB2 alloy was investigated, and the results showed that hardness of the samples increased as the milling time increased. The compressive properties at room temperature are correlated to the corresponding hardness results. Distribution of ZrB2 particles and presence of agglomerates in the Cu matrix directly depend on the milling time and show strong influence on compressive properties and fracture of Cu-7vol.%ZrB2 alloy.
MiR‐133 promotes cardiac reprogramming by directly repressing Snai1 and silencing fibroblast signatures
Authors: Muraoka Naoto , Yamakawa Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Kazutaka , Sadahiro Taketaro , Umei Tomohiko , Isomi Mari , Nakashima Hanae , Akiyama Mizuha , Wada Rie , Inagawa Kohei , Nishiyama Takahiko , Kaneda Ruri , Fukuda Toru , Takeda Shu , Tohyama Shugo , Hashimoto Hisayuki , Kawamura Yoshifumi , Goshima Naoki , Aeba Ryo , Yamagishi Hiroyuki , Fukuda Keiichi , Ieda Masaki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed into cardiomyocyte‐like cells (iCMs) by overexpression of cardiac transcription factors or microRNAs. However, induction of functional cardiomyocytes is inefficient, and molecular mechanisms of direct reprogramming remain undefined. Here, we demonstrate that addition of miR‐133a (miR‐133) to Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT) or GMT plus Mesp1 and Myocd improved cardiac reprogramming from mouse or human fibroblasts by directly repressing Snai1, a master regulator of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. MiR‐133 overexpression with GMT generated sevenfold more beating iCMs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts and shortened the duration to induce beating cells from 30 to 10 days, compared to GMT alone. Snai1 knockdown suppressed fibroblast genes, upregulated cardiac gene expression, and induced more contracting iCMs with GMT transduction, recapitulating the effects of miR‐133 overexpression. In contrast, overexpression of Snai1 in GMT/miR‐133‐transduced cells maintained fibroblast signatures and inhibited generation of beating iCMs. MiR‐133‐mediated Snai1 repression was also critical for cardiac reprogramming in adult mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, silencing fibroblast signatures, mediated by miR‐133/Snai1, is a key molecular roadblock during cardiac reprogramming.
Association between the p27 rs2066827 variant and tumor multiplicity in patients harboring MEN1 germline mutations
Authors: Longuini Viviane C , Lourenço Delmar M , Sekiya Tomoko , Meirelles Osorio , Goncalves Tatiana D , Coutinho Flavia L , Francisco Guilherme , Osaki Luciana H , Chammas Roger , Alves Venancio A F , Siqueira Sheila A C , Schlesinger David , Naslavsky Michel S , Zatz Mayana , Duarte Yeda A O , Lebrão Maria Lucia , Gama Patricia , Lee Misu , Molatore Sara , Pereira Maria Adelaide A , Jallad Raquel S , Bronstein Marcello D , Cunha-Neto Malebranche B , Liberman Bernardo , Fragoso Maria Candida B V , Toledo Sergio P A , Pellegata Natalia S , Toledo Rodrigo A 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo date, no evidence of robust genotype–phenotype correlation or disease modifiers for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome has been described, leaving the highly variable clinical presentation of patients unaccounted for.DesignAs the CDKN1B (p27) gene causes MEN4 syndrome and it is transcriptionally regulated by the product of the MEN1 gene (menin), we sought to analyze whether p27 influences the phenotype of MEN1-mutated patients. The cohort consisted of 100 patients carrying germline MEN1 gene mutations and 855 population-matched control individuals.MethodsGenotyping of the coding p27 c.326T>G (V109G) variant was performed by sequencing and restriction site digestion, and the genotypes were associated with clinical parameters by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% CIs using logistic regression.ResultsThere were significant differences in p27 V109G allele frequencies between controls and MEN1-mutated patients (OR=2.55, P=0.019, CI=1.013–5.76). Among patients who are ≥30 years old carrying truncating MEN1 mutations, the T allele was strongly associated with susceptibility to tumors in multiple glands (three to four glands affected vs one to two glands affected; OR=18.33; P=0.002, CI=2.88–16.41). This finding remained significant after the Bonferroni's multiple testing correction, indicating a robust association. No correlations were observed with the development of MEN1-related tumors such as hyperparathyroidism, pituitary adenomas, and enteropancreatic and adrenocortical tumors.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the p27 tumor suppressor gene acts as a disease modifier for the MEN1 syndrome associated with MEN1 germline mutations. If confirmed in independent patient cohorts, this finding could facilitate the management of this clinically complex disease.
kgp, rgpA, and rgpB DNA Vaccines Induce Antibody Responses in Experimental Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Guo Meihua , Wang Zhifeng , Fan Xin , Bian Yuanyuan , Wang Tiantian , Zhu Lina , Lan Jing 
Published: June 2014

Background: Peri‐implantitis is the key factor for implant failure. This study aims to evaluate kgp, rgpA, and rgpB DNA vaccines to induce an immune response and prevent peri‐implantitis.Methods: The kgp, rgpA, and rgpB genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) ATCC 33277 and cloned into the pVAX1 vector. Titanium implants were placed into the mandibular bone of dogs. Three months later, the animals were divided into four groups, immunized with pVAX1‐kgp, pVAX1‐rgpA, pVAX1‐rgpB, or pVAX1. Cotton ligatures infiltrated with Pg were tied around the neck of the implants. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgA antibodies were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay before and after immunization.Results: The kgp, rgpA, and rgpB genes were successfully cloned into the pVAX1 plasmid. Animals immunized with pVAX1‐kgp and pVAX1‐rgpA showed higher titers of IgG and IgA antibodies compared to those before immunization (P <0.05) and compared to those that were immunized with pVAX1 and pVAX1‐rgpB, whereas there were no significant differences in the animals treated with pVAX1 and pVAX1‐rgpB. Furthermore, among these, the kgp DNA vaccine was more effective. The bone losses of the groups with pVAX1‐kgp and pVAX1‐rgpA were significantly attenuated.Conclusion: pVAX1‐kgp and pVAX1‐rgpA DNA vaccines enhanced immunity responses and significantly retarded bone loss in experimental peri‐implantitis animal models, whereas pVAX1‐rgpB was ineffective.
The Case for Improving the Health of Ex-Prisoners
Authors: Kinner Stuart A. , Wang Emily A. 
Published: June 2014

The global prison population exceeds 10 million and continues to grow; more than 30 million people are released from custody annually. These individuals are disproportionately poor, disenfranchised, and chronically ill. There are compelling, evidence-based arguments for improving health outcomes for ex-prisoners on human rights, public health, criminal justice, and economic grounds. These arguments stand in stark contrast to current policy and practice in most settings. There is also a dearth of evidence to guide clinicians and policymakers on how best to care for this large and growing population during and after their transition from custody to community. Well-designed longitudinal studies, clinical trials, and burden of disease studies are pivotal to closing this evidence gap.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Screening in Foreign-Born Populations: A Successful Mobile Clinic Outreach Model
Authors: Morano Jamie P. , Zelenev Alexei , Walton Mary R. , Bruce R. Douglas , Altice Frederick L. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the efficacy of a mobile medical clinic (MMC) screening program for detecting latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis. Methods. A LTBI screening program in a MMC in New Haven, Connecticut, used medical surveys to examine risk factors and tuberculin skin test (TST) screening eligibility. We assessed clinically relevant correlates of total (prevalent; n = 4650) and newly diagnosed (incident; n = 4159) LTBI from 2003 to 2011. Results. Among 8322 individuals, 4159 (55.6%) met TST screening eligibility criteria, of which 1325 (31.9%) had TST assessed. Similar to LTBI prevalence (16.8%; 779 of 4650), newly diagnosed LTBI (25.6%; 339 of 1325) was independently correlated with being foreign-born (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 8.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.54, 13.02), Hispanic (AOR = 3.12; 95% CI = 1.88, 5.20), Black (AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.31, 3.55), employed (AOR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.14, 2.28), and of increased age (AOR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.05). Unstable housing (AOR = 4.95; 95% CI = 3.43, 7.14) and marijuana use (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.37) were significantly correlated with incident LTBI, and being male, heroin use, interpersonal violence, employment, not having health insurance, and not completing high school were significantly correlated with prevalent LTBI. Conclusions. Screening for TST in MMCs successfully identifies high-risk foreign-born, Hispanic, working, and uninsured populations and innovatively identifies LTBI in urban settings.
Tobacco Retailer Proximity and Density and Nicotine Dependence Among Smokers With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Young-Wolff Kelly C. , Henriksen Lisa , Delucchi Kevin , Prochaska Judith J. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a diverse sample of 1061 smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) residing in the San Francisco Bay Area of California.Methods. Participants’ addresses were geocoded and linked with retailer licensing data to determine the distance between participants’ residence and the nearest retailer (proximity) and the number of retailers within 500-meter and 1-kilometer service areas (density).Results. More than half of the sample lived within 250 meters of a tobacco retailer. A median of 3 retailers were within 500 meters of participants’ residences, and a median of 12 were within 1 kilometer. Among smokers with SMI, tobacco retailer densities were 2-fold greater than for the general population and were associated with poorer mental health, greater nicotine dependence, and lower self-efficacy for quitting.Conclusions. Our findings provide further evidence of the tobacco retail environment as a potential vector contributing to tobacco-related disparities among individuals with SMI and suggest that this group may benefit from progressive environmental protections that restrict tobacco retail licenses and reduce aggressive point-of-sale marketing.
Traffic Fatality Reductions: United States Compared With 25 Other Countries
Authors: Evans Leonard 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. I compared US traffic fatality trends with those in 25 other countries. Methods. I have introduced a new measure for comparing safety in different countries: traffic deaths in a specific year relative to largest annual number recorded. I used only data from the International Road Traffic Accident Database. Results. The United States is a unique outlier. Fatalities in all 25 other countries declined further after reaching their maximum values. For example, the United States and the Netherlands both reached maximum values in 1972. From 1972 to 2011 US deaths declined by 41%, whereas those in the Netherlands declined by 81%. If US fatalities had declined by 81% there would have been 22 000 fewer US road deaths in 2011. If the United States matched percentage declines of 6 additional countries, US deaths would have declined by more than 20 000. Conclusions. If US traffic deaths had declined by the same percentage as in any 1 of 7 other countries, more than 20 000 fewer Americans would have been killed in 2011.
Evolution and Convergence of State Laws Governing Controlled Substance Prescription Monitoring Programs, 1998-2011
Authors: Davis Corey S. , Pierce Matthew , Dasgupta Nabarun 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We sought to collect and characterize all laws governing the operation of prescription monitoring programs (PMPs), state-level databases that collect patient-specific prescription information, which have been suggested as a tool for reducing prescription drug overdose fatalities. Methods. We utilized a structured legal research protocol to systematically identify, review, and code all PMP statutes and regulations effective from 1998 through 2011. These laws were then abstracted along eleven domains, including reporting provisions, data sharing, and data access. Results. PMP characteristics vary greatly among states and across time. We observed an increase in the types and frequency of data required to be reported, the types of individuals permitted to access PMP data, and the percentage of PMPs authorized to proactively identify outlier prescribers and patients. As of 2011, 10 states required PMPs to report suspicious activity to law enforcement, while only 3 required reporting to the patient’s physician. None required linkage to drug treatment or required all prescribers to review PMP data before prescribing. Few explicitly address data retention. Conclusions. State PMP laws are heterogeneous and evolving. Future studies of PMP effectiveness should take these variations into account.