bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Tamarindus indica L. fruit pulp and seed extracts on experimental ulcerative colitis in rats
Authors: Minaiyan Mohsen , Abolhasani Sepehr , Sima Setareh , Yegdaneh Afsaneh 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:

Tamarindus indica L. which has anti-inflammatory, radical scavenging, and ulcer healing effects can be useful for the alleviation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the effects of T. indica fruit pulp (TIPE) and seed extracts (TISE) were investigated on experimental colitis.

Experimental approach:
TIPE and TISE (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) were made by maceration (ethanol/water: 80/30) and administered to male Wistar rats with acetic acid-induced colitis. Prednisolone (4 mg/kg) and mesalazine (100 mg/kg) were used as reference drugs. The colon tissues were examined for macroscopic and pathologic parameters and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) values.

Findings/Results:
The total phenols were 45.7 ± 1.1 and 453.0 ± 3.3 mg/g in terms of gallic acid for TIPE and TISE, respectively. Both of the extracts significantly improved most of the investigated parameters including body weight loss, the weight of colons, indices of ulcers, and total colitis. MPO activity and MDA in the treatment groups (except for TIPE at 125 mg/Kg) significantly decreased compared to the control.

Conclusion and implications:
Both TIPE and TISE were effective in the treatment of colitis however it seems that the effective ingredients were more concentrated in seeds rather than pulp extract so the highest dose of seed extract had a competitive effect with reference drugs. More studies are needed to introduce T. indica as a suitable complementary medicine or food for patients with IBD.
A bioinformatics approach of specificity protein transcription factors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sichani Adel Rezvani , Sichani Ziba Rezvani , Yazdani Behnaz , Looha Mehdi Azizmohammad , Sirous Hajar 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:
The seventh most common type of cancer with increasing diagnosis rates around the world is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Specificity proteins (SPs) have been known for their role in the regulation of cellular division, growth, and apoptotic pathways in various cancers. In this work, we analyzed the expression levels of SPs in HNSCC to assess their diagnostic and prognostic biomarker potential.

Experimental approach:
Differential gene expression and correlation analysis methods were used to determine the top dysregulated genes in HNSCC. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were done with the DAVID database and Cytoscape software to understand their function and biological processes. Receiver operating test, logistic regression, and Cox regression analyses were performed to check SP genes’ diagnostic and prognostic potential.

Findings/Results:
SP1 (LogFC = -0.27, P = 0.0013) and SP2 (LogFC = -0.20, P = 0.0019) genes were upregulated in HNSCC samples, while SP8 (LogFC = 2.57, P < 0.001) and SP9 (LogFC = 2.57, P < 0.001) genes were downregulated in cancer samples. A moderate positive correlation was observed among the expression levels of SP1, SP2, and SP3 genes. The SP8 and SP9 genes with AUC values of 0.79 and 0.75 demonstrated diagnostic potential which increased to 0.84 when both genes were assessed by logistic regression test. Also, the SP1 gene held a marginally significant prognostic potential.

Conclusion and implications:
Our findings clarify the potential of SP transcription factors as candidate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early screening and treatment of HNSCC.
Persianolide-A, an eudesmanolide-type sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia kopetdaghensis, induces apoptosis by regulating ERK signaling pathways
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyyed Moein , Asadi Jahanbakhsh , Fattahian Maryam , Jafari Seyyed Mehdi , Ghanadian Mustafa 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:
Herbal components, particularly sesquiterpenes, are progressively recognized as a crucial resource for developing effective therapeutic agents for breast cancer. In this study, the effect of a sesquiterpene lactone known as 8-O-dihydroxy-11a,13-dihydroeudesma-4(15)-en-12,6a-olide (persianolide- A) was examined in breast cancer cell lines.

Experimental approach:
MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer cells were grown in DMEM solution with 10% FBS. Then, an MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability. Apoptosis was detected by annexin-PI staining. A caspase 3/7 activity assay kit was used to assess the activity of caspase-3 and caspase-7. Protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p-ERK1/2 was determined by western blotting.

Findings/Results:
This study showed that the IC50 values of the persianolide-A for MCF-7 and MDA-MB- 468 cells are 34.76 and 54.48 μM, respectively. In addition, persianolide-A showed a significant increase in apoptosis in both MDAMB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Persianolide-A significantly increased the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Also, presinolide-A treatment led to a substantial increase in caspase activity with a ratio of 3/7 in both MCF- 7 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. In addition, the study showed that persianolide-A decreased the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein.

Conclusion and implications:
The results of this study suggest that persianolide-A, sourced from Artemisia kopetdaghensis, induces cell apoptosis in breast cancer cell types. The molecular mechanisms could be implicated in the modulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
Pharmacological evaluation of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions): the potential medicinal plants from North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Alkandahri Maulana Yusuf , Sadino Asman , Pamungkas Barolym Tri , Oktoba Zulpakor , Arfania Maya , Yuniarsih Nia , Wahyuningsih Eko Sri , Putri Dea Eka 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:
Inflammation, fever, and pain can be associated with several diseases, and the synthetic drugs used in the treatment of these conditions often have severe side effects. As a result, there is a need for effective, economical, and safe alternative drugs, such as those derived from medicinal plants. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of Castanopsis costata leaf fractions (CcLF), as well as its acute toxicity.

Experimental approach:
For anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic tests, rats were given CcLF (WFCC, EAFcC, and n-HFCC) at 50 and 100 mg/kg, diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg), paracetamol (150 mg/kg), aspirin (100 mg/kg), and tramadol (20 mg/kg). For the antioxidant activity test, various concentrations of CcLF were used ranging from 25 to 200 μg/mL. This study also looked into whether there could be any acute toxicity and histopathology of the liver, stomach, and kidneys in experimental animals.

Findings/Results:
The administration of CcLF significantly inhibited the increase in foot edema volume, and CcLF (EAFCC at 100 mg/kg) considerably decreased rectal temperature and was proportional to the standard drug paracetamol, and significantly inhibited pain sensation in various models. Additionally, CcLF showed strong antioxidant activity, and its administration at a dose limit of 5000 mg/kg/day did not show any toxic effects or death in test animals.

Conclusions and implications:
The results of the current confirmed that CcLF has demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and antioxidant properties in experimental models, and is practically non-toxic.
Isolation of two steroidal saponins with antileishmanial activity from Allium giganteum L.
Authors: Chaparian Farnaz , Delazar Zeinab , Dinani Masoud Sadeghi 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:
Alliums are rich sources of steroidal saponins, flavonoids, and sulphoric compounds of which steroidal saponins have recently received more attention due to their important pharmacological activities. Allium giganteum (giant onion) which is named locally “Couria” in the Northeast of Iran, is grown widely in “Kouh-Sorkh” mountains in Khorasan province.

Experimental approach:
Phytochemical investigation of chloroform-methanol and aqueous extract of the plant resulted in the isolation and identification of two steroidal saponins, using comprehensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR and MS.

Findings/Results:
The chemical structures of the isolated saponins were determined as (22S)-cholesta-1b,3b,16b,22b-tetraol 5-en, and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl26-O-β-D-glucopyranosside and (25R)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5α-furostan-1α,3β,22α,26-tetraol3-O-{β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}. Investigation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of the isolated compounds at 10, 50, and 100 μg/mL exhibited significant leishmanicidal against the promastigotes of Leishmania major.

Conclusion and implications:
The results established a valuable basis for further studies about A. giganteum and the anti-parasitic activity of steroidal saponins.
Spiroconjugated 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine stimulates functional activity of fibroblasts under skin injury regeneration
Authors: Petrova Irina M , Chebanova Sofya Iu , Khatsko Sergey L , Kalinina Tatyana A , Zaitsev Dmitry V , Glukhareva Tatyana V 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose:One of the most important mechanisms of tissue regeneration is the high functional activity of cells, including proliferation. Currently, there are practically no effective skin cell activators on the pharmaceutical market. The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the stimulating effect of spiroconjugated 1,2,3-triazolo[5,1-b]1,3,4-thiadiazine (STT) on the functional activity of fibroblasts.Experimental approach:STT containing ointment for dermal application was made. To assessin vivoeffect of the STT a linear wound model in rats was tested. A combination of histological techniques and mechanical testing was employed to estimate the stimulating effect of STT on the functional activity of fibroblasts.Findings/Results:The STT significantly increased the number of fibroblasts as well as the density and order of produced collagen fibers in the dermis during the wound healing process. As a result, a tissue was formed at the site of damage with the structure corresponding to normal skin. In addition, skin functions were restored, in particular mechanically.Conclusion and implications:The results suggested the stimulating effect of the STT on fibroblast activity and demonstrated its potential for skin regeneration.
Baclofen-induced neurotoxicity in a dialysis patient managed with continuous venovenous hemodialysis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Ellouze Nejah F. , Hazra Darpanarayan , Al Abri Suad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Despite documented cases of baclofen toxicity in individuals with kidney disease, the drug is widely prescribed for various medical conditions, primarily spasticity, hiccups, and multiple sclerosis. Baclofen, a gamma-aminobutyric acid derivative, relies on renal excretion, rendering those with impaired kidney function susceptible to toxicity – a concern often underestimated by health-care providers. Adverse reactions, including single or double doses, are well documented in addition to multi-dose toxicity. This report discusses a case of baclofen-induced neurotoxicity in an end-stage renal disease patient undergoing dialysis, highlighting the subsequent management with continuous venovenous hemodialysis. In addition, it provides a comprehensive review of existing literature on baclofen toxicity in cases of renal insufficiency. Strikingly, the literature lacks clear guidelines regarding baclofen safety, dose adjustments, or renal function thresholds for contraindication. This contribution aims to augment understanding of this critical issue, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and careful consideration of baclofen use in patients with kidney disease.
Identifying high-risk undifferentiated emergency department patients with hyperlactatemia: Predictors of 30-day in-hospital mortality
Authors: Kaçar Ayşen Aydın , Aksay Ersin , Bayram Başak , Kıran Emre , Güldalı Bahar Elif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Hyperlactatemia has been recognized as a significant prognostic indicator in critically ill patients. Nonetheless, there remains a gap in understanding the specific risk factors contributing to increased mortality among undifferentiated emergency department (ED) patients presenting with elevated lactate levels.

OBJECTIVES:
The objective of the study is to investigate potential risk factors for 30-day in-hospital mortality in ED patients with hyperlactatemia.

METHODS:
All nontraumatic adult presentations to the ED who had a lactate level of ≥2.5 mmol/L were included. Comorbidities, vital signs, lactate levels, lactate clearance, lactate normalization, and final diagnosis were compared with 30-day in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS:
A 30-day in-hospital mortality rate of 10.4% was observed in 979 patients. The mortality rate was higher in hypotensive patients (odds ratio [OR] 4.973), in nursing home patients (OR 5.689), and bedridden patients (OR 3.879). The area under the curve for the second lactate level (0.804) was higher than the first lactate level (0.691), and lactate clearance (0.747) for in-hospital mortality. A second lactate level >3.15 mmol/l had a sensitivity of 81.3% in predicting in-hospital mortality. The OR for mortality was 6.679 in patients without lactate normalization. A higher mortality rate was observed in patients with acute renal failure (OR 4.305), septic shock (OR 4.110), and acute coronary syndrome (OR 2.303).

CONCLUSIONS:
A second lactate measurement more accurately predicts in-hospital mortality than lactate clearance and the first lactate level in ED patients. Nursing home patients, bed-ridden patients, hypotensive patients on initial ED presentation, patients without lactate normalization, and patients with a final diagnosis of acute renal failure, septic shock, and acute coronary syndrome had a higher mortality rate.
Schizophyllum Commune- A Rare Cause of Fungal Keratitis- Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Nataraja Parvatha Sundari , Shanmugam U Vijaya , Bhale Komal Vinayak , Selvaraju Sangeetha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a 57-year-old male patient with keratitis, he was initially started on topical 0.5% moxifloxacin eye drops, but his symptoms did not resolve and infiltrate continued to increase. Corneal scrapings and microbiological reports suggested the diagnosis of the fungus, Schizophyllum commune, the patient was then switched to topical 5% natamycin eye drops hourly for 1 week followed by eight times per day for 2 weeks and oral tablet fluconazole 200 mg twice daily, following which the infiltrate was reduced, hypopyon resolved and visual acuity improved after 2 weeks of treatment.
Correlation of Mantoux Test and Serum Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Levels with Clinically and Radiologically Diagnosed Ocular Tuberculosis and Ocular Sarcoidosis
Authors: Balakrishnan Harinikrishna , Thundikandy Radhika , Ravindran Ram S. , Balakrishnan Logesh , Rajesh Vedhanayaki , Sivakumar Rathinam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To evaluate the role of combined Mantoux test and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels in the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis (TB) and ocular sarcoidosis.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective and observational study including patients with bilateral granulomatous uveitis diagnosed both radiologically and clinically as ocular TB or ocular sarcoidosis within a six-month period. CT Thorax/CT abdomen was done, and findings were noted. Mantoux test and serum ACE levels were recorded, and findings were correlated.

Results:
The study included a total of 60 patients: 32 patients with ocular TB and 28 patients with ocular sarcoidosis. Using Mantoux test, 84.4% in the TB group tested positive and were correctly identified (sensitivity), and 96.4% in the sarcoid group tested negative and were correctly identified as sarcoidosis. Hence, the association between Mantoux test and diagnoses was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the TB group, 25 subjects had normal and seven had elevated serum ACE levels. In the sarcoidosis group, 22 subjects had elevated and six had normal serum ACE levels. Hence, 78.1% were correctly identified with normal serum ACE levels (sensitivity) in the TB group and 78.6% were identified with elevated serum ACE levels in the sarcoidosis group, and the proportion difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Mantoux test and serum ACE levels are cost-effective investigations and can be used for the diagnosis of ocular TB and sarcoidosis when combined with clinical and radiological evidence. The combined use of serum ACE and Mantoux test is useful in differentiating between sarcoidosis and TB.
A Novel Fusion deep Learning Approach for Glaucoma Severity Classification – An Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Bimodal Artificial Intelligence Model
Authors: Ramesh Prasanna Venkatesh , Chinasigari Puja , Kadadi Shreyank , Gupta Aditya , Nivash Archana , Ariga Murali , Nivean Pratheeba Devi , Mohan Sujatha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
From the inception of artificial intelligence (AI) in optical coherence tomography (OCT) for glaucoma diagnosis, the emphasis has always been on models focusing on visual data. The visual signals are extrapolated from the optic disc and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) region and are processed visually. This manuscript introduces a novel bimodal AI model that combines visual data from OCT with numerical metrics such as RNFL thickness, vCDR, rim area, and cup volume. Furthermore, our unique model utilises an algorithm that goes one step further than existing models in the literature by providing multi-classification (normal vs mild/moderate vs severe) as opposed to binary classification.
Update on Sympathetic Ophthalmia
Authors: Khan Nida , Palani Janakiraman , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral diffuse granulomatous intraocular inflammation, which occurs days or months following surgery or trauma to one eye. After penetrating ocular injuries and during intraocular surgery, the incidence of SO varies from 0.2% to 0.5% and 0.01%, respectively. Other risk factors include cyclodestructive operations and vitreoretinal surgery. With 80% of cases appearing within three months following injury to the exciting eye and 90% occurring within one year, the temporal interval between ocular injury and the onset of SO varies widely, ranging from a few days to decades. The diagnosis is based on clinical findings. It manifests as bilateral diffuse uveitis. In the sympathetic, uninjured eye, patients describe a sneaky beginning of blurred vision, discomfort, epiphora and photophobia. Typically, this is accompanied by conjunctival injection and a granulomatous anterior chamber reaction, resulting in mutton fat keratic precipitates (KPs). The degree of inflammation in the posterior chamber can differ. One of the initial lines of treatment for SO is systemic corticosteroids. Long-term immunomodulatory therapy may involve azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, cyclosporine or other immunosuppressive drugs if patients do not respond to steroid therapy or if their side effects are clinically substantial.
Long-term Outcomes of Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty in Macular Corneal Dystrophy—A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Kodavoor Shreesha K. , Neemuchwala Tasneem , Dandapani Ramamurthy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To study the long-term outcomes and complications in patients who underwent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for macular corneal dystrophy (MCD).

Methods:
This is a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent DALK in a tertiary eye care hospital in South India from 2011 to 2020. A total of 51 eyes of 33 patients were evaluated. All eyes underwent successful DALK by big bubble technique (32 eyes) or layer-by-layer dissection (19 eyes). Patients were followed up for 18 months to 9 years.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in vision (uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity) post-DALK. The best corrected visual acuity after surgery was 0.3 logMAR (20/40) or better in 66.7% of operated eyes. Complications noted during surgery were intra-operative perforation. Post-operative complications include double AC, cataract, raised intraocular pressure, interface vessels and recurrence of the dystrophy.

Conclusion:
DALK is a safe and viable procedure for MCD management and gives good visual outcomes.
A Simplified Treatment Algorithm for the Management of Primary Double-headed Pterygium
Authors: Kodavoor Shreesha K. , Joseph Ashalyne J. , Dandapani Ramamurthy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAim:To study different methods in the management of primary double-headed pterygium and to propose a simplified treatment algorithm for its surgical management.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on 335 eyes. All the surgeries were carried out under subconjunctival infiltrative anaesthesia. In Group I, patients underwent excision of pterygium with a horizontal conjunctival autograft (CAG). Patients in Group II underwent a vertical split CAG with limbal orientation, while in Group III, limbal orientation was not maintained. In Group IV, patients underwent conjunctival tissue graft from pterygium and conjunctival autografting.Results:Recurrence was observed in five of the 96 eyes in Group I (5.2%) and among 12 of the 99 eyes in Group II (4.04%). Recurrence was observed in three out of 87 eyes (3.45%) in Group III, and four out of 53 eyes (7.5%) in Group IV. All four groups had low and comparable recurrence rates. The follow-up period for all patients was extended for a minimum of 6 months, with mean follow-up durations of 16.79 months in Group I, 18.30 months in Group II, 17.28 months in Group III and 14 months in Group IV.Conclusion:Outcomes of horizontal and vertical split conjunctival autografting with/without limbal orientation and conjunctival tissue from pterygium with conjunctival autografting were studied. All these methods had low and comparable rates of recurrence and are therefore effective in the surgical treatment of double-headed pterygium.