bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the control of micturition in rats
Authors: Kitta Takeya , Chancellor Michael B. , de Groat William C. , Kuno Sadako , Nonomura Katsuya , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimsAdenosine is a neurotransmitter that exerts numerous physiological effects in many organs. However, few studies have focused on the role of adenosine receptors in the control of micturition. Therefore, we examined the role of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in the control of bladder activity in rats with normal or acetic acid (AA) irritated bladders.MethodsCystometrograms during saline or 0.2% AA infusion were recorded under urethane anesthesia in female Sprague–Dawley rats. After a stabilization period, CCPA (A1 receptor agonist) and/or ZM24138 (A2A receptor antagonist) were administered intravenously (i.v.), intrathecally (i.t.), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), or intravesically. Micturition parameters were recorded and compared before and after drug administration.ResultsI.v., i.t., or i.c.v. administration of CCPA or ZM24138 significantly increased intercontraction intervals (ICIs) in both saline and AA infusion groups. During AA infusion, the inhibitory effects induced by i.c.v. CCPA or i.t. ZM24138 were significantly greater than those by i.t. or i.c.v. administration, respectively. Intravesical administration of CCPA, but not ZM24138, significantly increased ICI.ConclusionsThese results indicated that: (1) when nociceptive signals from the bladder increase, adenosine A1 receptor‐mediated inhibition of micturition is enhanced in the brain, compared to the normal condition, (2) A1 receptor activation also exerts a peripheral inhibitory effect on micturition, and (3) adenosine A2A receptor‐mediated excitatory mechanisms are enhanced in the spinal cord following C‐fiber bladder afferent stimulation. Thus adenosine A1 receptor agonists and A2A receptor antagonists might be effective for the treatment of overactive bladder and/or bladder hypersensitive disorders, in which C‐fiber afferent function is enhanced. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1259–1265, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduction in radiation‐induced lymphocytopenia by famotidine in patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Razzaghdoust Abolfazl , Mozdarani Hossein , Mofid Bahram , Aghamiri S. Mahmoud R. , Heidari Amir H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonizing radiation causes a series of hematological alterations especially profound lymphocytopenia during and after the radiotherapy course. To investigate whether famotidine can reduce hematologic toxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer.METHODSA total of 36 patients undergoing radiotherapy for prostate cancer were randomized to receive either placebo or famotidine tablets. Participants were pretreated with 40 mg of oral famotidine or placebo tablets twice daily, 4 and 3 hr before each radiotherapy fraction. The patients received external‐beam radiotherapy up to 70 Gy. Complete blood counts with differential, platelet counts, and hemoglobin levels were obtained at baseline, biweekly during the treatment and once 4 weeks after the end of radiotherapy course. Magnitude of changes from baseline in the hematological parameters was determined and compared using Repeated Measures ANOVA.RESULTSFamotidine was well tolerated. A total of 112 blood samples were evaluated. A significant reduction in radiation‐induced lymphocytopenia was noted in patients receiving famotidine than in patients receiving placebo (P = 0.006). No significant difference was observed between two groups for the decline in platelets, erythrocytes and leucocytes. For both groups, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and hemoglobin levels did not change significantly during the treatment.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicate that famotidine could result in a significant reduction in radiation‐induced lymphocytopenia and may consequently increase radiotherapy efficacy as well as survival times. This radioprotective effect may be chiefly associated with its antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. Further studies are required to confirm these encouraging results.Prostate 74:41–47, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lithium-based ionic liquids as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs)
Authors: Song Zenghong , Liang Yongmin , Fan Mingjin , Zhou Feng , Liu Weimin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Two lithium-based ionic liquids (ILs, L-C3N3, and L-P3N3) were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs). They were found to be approximately 1.0% soluble in MACs at room temperature (RT), whereas traditional ILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (L-B102), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P106), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (L-F102), could not be dissolved in this base oil. Friction tests indicated that these ILs exhibit excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties both at RT and at 100 °C. They can improve the tribological properties of MACs at RT to a greater extent than the commonly used lubricant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (T204), even at a concentration of 0.1%. The load ramp test showed that MACs with L-C3N3 and L-P3N3 also exhibit high load-carrying capabilities. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) results indicated that physical adsorption and complex tribochemical reactions occurred between the ILs and metal surfaces during the sliding process, thereby forming a surface protective film that significantly contributed to the excellent tribological properties of the new ILs.
Atomistic simulations of friction at an ice-ice interface
Authors: Samadashvili N. , Reischl B. , Hynninen T. , Ala-Nissilä T. , Foster A. S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Even though the slipperiness of ice is important both technologically and environmentally and often experienced in everyday life, the nanoscale processes determining ice friction are still unclear. We study the friction of a smooth ice-ice interface using atomistic simulations, and especially consider the effects of temperature, load, and sliding velocity. At this scale, frictional behavior is seen to be determined by the lubricating effect of a liquid premelt layer between the sliding ice sheets. In general, increasing temperature or load leads to a thicker lubricating layer and lower friction, while increasing the sliding velocity increases friction due to viscous shear.
MIXING FOR PROGRESSIONS IN NONABELIAN GROUPS
Authors: TAO TERENCE 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe study the mixing properties of progressions $(x, xg, x{g}^{2} )$, $(x, xg, x{g}^{2} , x{g}^{3} )$ of length three and four in a model class of finite nonabelian groups, namely the special linear groups ${\mathrm{SL} }_{d} (F)$ over a finite field $F$, with $d$ bounded. For length three progressions $(x, xg, x{g}^{2} )$, we establish a strong mixing property (with an error term that decays polynomially in the order $\vert F\vert $ of $F$), which among other things counts the number of such progressions in any given dense subset $A$ of ${\mathrm{SL} }_{d} (F)$, answering a question of Gowers for this class of groups. For length four progressions $(x, xg, x{g}^{2} , x{g}^{3} )$, we establish a partial result in the $d= 2$ case if the shift $g$ is restricted to be diagonalizable over $F$, although in this case we do not recover polynomial bounds in the error term. Our methods include the use of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, the abelian Fourier transform, the Lang–Weil bound for the number of points in an algebraic variety over a finite field, some algebraic geometry, and (in the case of length four progressions) the multidimensional Szemerédi theorem.
Psychiatric disorders in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are prevalent but undertreated
Authors: Tang S. X. , Yi J. J. , Calkins M. E. , Whinna D. A. , Kohler C. G. , Souders M. C. , McDonald-McGinn D. M. , Zackai E. H. , Emanuel B. S. , Gur R. C. , Gur R. E. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common genetic disorder with high rates of psychosis and other psychopathologies, but few studies discuss treatment. Our aim was to characterize the prevalence and treatment of major psychiatric illnesses in a well-characterized sample of individuals with 22q11DS.MethodThis was a cross-sectional study of 112 individuals aged 8 to 45 years with a confirmed diagnosis of 22q11DS. Each participant was administered a modified Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS) and the Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS). Phenotypes assessed were threshold and subthreshold psychosis, depression, mania, generalized and separation anxiety, obsessions/compulsions, inattention/hyperactivity and substance use. Histories of mental health care and current psychotropic treatment were obtained.ResultsPsychopathology was common, with 79% of individuals meeting diagnostic criteria for a disorder at the time of assessment. Diagnoses of psychosis were made in 11% of cases, attenuated positive symptom syndrome (APS) in 21%, and 47% experienced significant subthreshold symptoms. Peak occurrence of psychosis risk was during adolescence (62% of those aged 12–17 years). Criteria for a mood disorder were met by 14%, for anxiety disorder 34% and for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 31%. Mental health care had been received by 63% of individuals in their lifetime, but only 40% continued therapy and 39% used psychotropics. Antipsychotics were used by 42% of participants with psychosis and none of the participants with APS. Half of those at risk for psychosis were receiving no mental health care.ConclusionsPsychopathology is common in 22q11DS but is not adequately treated or clinically followed. Particular attention should be paid to subthreshold psychotic symptoms, especially in adolescents.
Sedation for paediatric transcatheter atrial septal defect closure: comparison of two sedation protocols
Authors: Ülgey Ayşe , Bayram Adnan , Güneş Işın , Aksu Recep , Bicer Cihangir , Akin Aynur , Baykan Ali , Narin Nazmi , Boyaci Adem 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAim: This study aimed to compare the effects of dexmedetomidine–propofol and ketamine–propofol sedation on haemodynamic stability, immobility, and recovery time in children who underwent transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects. Methods: In all, 46 children scheduled for transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects (n = 46) were included. The dexmedetomidine–propofol group (n = 23) received dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg) and propofol (1 mg/kg) for induction, followed by dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg/hour) and propofol (100 μg/kg/minute) for maintenance. The ketamine–propofol group (n = 23) received ketamine (1 mg/kg) and propofol (1 mg/kg) for induction, followed by ketamine (1 mg/kg) and propofol (100 μg/kg/minute) for maintenance. Results: In all, 11 patients in the dexmedetomidine group (47.8%) and one patient (4.3%) in the ketamine group demonstrated a decrease ≥20% from the baseline in mean arterial pressure (p = 0.01). Heart rates decreased ≥20% from the baseline value in 10 patients (43.4%) in the dexmedetomidine group and three patients (13%) in the ketamine group (p = 0.047). Heart rate values were observed to be lower in the dexmedetomidine group throughout the procedure after the first 10 minutes. The number of patients requiring additional propofol was higher in the dexmedetomidine group (p = 0.01). The recovery times were similar in the two groups – 15.86 ± 6.50 minutes in the dexmedetomidine group and 19.65 ± 8.19 minutes in the ketamine group; p = 0.09. Conclusion: The ketamine–propofol combination was less likely to induce haemodynamic instability, with no significant change in recovery times, compared with the dexmedetomidine–propofol combination. The ketamine–propofol combination provided good conditions for the intervention.
In SituTEM Study of Catalytic Nanoparticle Reactions in Atmospheric Pressure Gas Environment
Authors: Xin Huolin L. , Niu Kaiyang , Alsem Daan Hein , Zheng Haimei 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe understanding of solid–gas interactions has been greatly advanced over the past decade on account of the availability of high-resolution transmission electron microscopes (TEMs) equipped with differentially pumped environmental cells. The operational pressures in these differentially pumped environmental TEM (DP-ETEM) instruments are generally limited up to 20 mbar. Yet, many industrial catalytic reactions are operated at pressures equal or higher than 1 bar—50 times higher than that in the DP-ETEM. This poses limitations forin situstudy of gas reactions through ETEM and advances are needed to extendin situTEM study of gas reactions to the higher pressure range. Here, we present a first series of experiments using a gas flow membrane cell TEM holder that allows a pressure up to 4 bar. The built-in membrane heaters enable reactions at a temperature of 95–400°C with flowing reactive gases. We demonstrate that, using a conventional thermionic TEM, 2 Å atomic fringes can be resolved with the presence of 1 bar O2gases in an environmental cell and we show real-time observation of the Kirkendall effect during oxidation of cobalt nanocatalysts.
Giovanni Bellini: Birth, Parentage, and Independence*
Authors: Maze Daniel Wallace 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA number of longstanding questions have surrounded the early life of the fifteenth-century Venetian artist Giovanni Bellini (d. 1516), generally believed to have been the son of Jacopo Bellini (ca. 1400–70/71) and the younger brother of Gentile Bellini (1429/35–1507). The artist’s year of birth and the legitimacy of his birth have been the subjects of debate for well over a century. By reevaluating Bellini-related legal documents under the relevant fifteenth-century Venetian civil laws, this article makes a case that Giovanni Bellini was not Jacopo Bellini’s son, but rather his half-brother, and that they were both sons of Nicolò Bellini; that Giovanni was therefore Gentile Bellini’s uncle rather than his brother; and that he was born legitimate between the late summer of 1424 and 13 September 1428, several years earlier than the birth year of ca. 1435 (or later) favored by many contemporary Bellini specialists. The ramifications of situating Bellini’s birth year in the mid- to late 1420s are then considered.
While Mothers Work Do Children Shirk? Determinants of Youth Obesity
Authors: Chowhan James , Stewart Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between adolescent obesity and maternal employment, and focuses on the possible pathways and factors that mediate this relationship, including television viewing, activities, eating habits, and allowance. We extend existing knowledge about this relationship using the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth for adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 in the years 1996 to 2001. Fixed effect and instrumental variable models are estimated to examine endogeneity issues. We find that maternal employment is negatively related to the pathway variables. In contrast to previous research, we find little indication of a relationship between maternal employment and adolescent obesity. These results imply that policy needs to focus on the activities of adolescents while their parents work.
Killer whale presence in relation to naval sonar activity and prey abundance in northern Norway
Authors: Kuningas Sanna , Kvadsheim Petter H. , Lam Frans-Peter A. , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractKuningas, S., Kvadsheim, P. H., Lam, F-P. A., and Miller, P. J. O. 2013. Killer whale presence in relation to naval sonar activity and prey abundance in northern Norway. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . In this study, retrospective data on naval sonar activity and prey abundance were correlated with killer whale sightings within a fjord basin in northern Norway. In addition, passive acoustic and visual marine mammal surveys were conducted before, during, and after a specific navy exercise in 2006. Herring abundance was the main factor affecting killer whale presence. Naval sonar, either operational navy sonar exercises (Flotex) or experimental sonar activity (CEE) alone, did not explain killer whale occurrence. However, naval sonar activity during a period of low prey availability seemed to have had a negative effect on killer whale presence. We conclude that the level of reaction to sonar can be influenced by multiple factors, including availability of prey.
A Survey for Grapevine Viruses in Washington State ‘Concord’ (Vitis × labruscana L.) Vineyards
Authors: Bahder Brian W. , Alabi Olufemi , Poojari Sudarsana , Walsh Douglas B. , Naidu Rayapati A. 
Published: September 2013

Within the United States, Washington is the number one producer of ‘Concord’ grapes and the number two producer of wine grapes. Previous studies in wine grapes revealed the presence of twelve different viruses in Washington vineyards. Despite what is known about viruses in wine grapes in Washington, virtually no studies have focused on viruses in Concord vineyards. To further understand the epidemiology of viruses in Washington State, a survey of Concord grapes was conducted in 2010 and 2011. Five hundred Concord vines were sampled and tested for the presence of virus, and five different viruses were found among 92 virus-positive samples. The most common virus found was Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (51 samples), followed by Grapevine fanleaf virus (24 samples), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (nine samples), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (four samples), and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 9 (four samples). The presence of viruses in Concord vineyards is of great concern for growers due to likely movement of virus diseases from Concord grapes to wine grapes that might result in economic losses to the grape industry. Accepted for publication 19 May 2012. Published 5 August 2013.
A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project
Authors: Eskenazi B , Bradman A , Finkton D , Purwar M , Noble JA , Pang R , Burnham O , Cheikh Ismail L , Farhi F , Barros FC , Lambert A , Papageorghiou AT , Carvalho M , Jaffer YA , Bertino E , Gravett MG , Altman DG , Ohuma EO , Kennedy SH , Bhutta ZA , Villar J ,   for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21 Century (INTERGROWTH‐21)
Published: September 2013

Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH‐21st Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women that reported various environmental concerns in their homes such as peeling paint, high residential density (>1 person per room), presence of rodents or cockroaches (hence the use of pesticides), noise pollution and safety concerns. This screening tool was therefore useful for the purposes of the project and can be used to ascertain environmental exposures in studies in which the primary aim is not focused on environmental exposures. The instrument can be used to identify subpopulations for more in‐depth assessment, (e.g. environmental and biological laboratory markers) to pinpoint areas requiring education, intervention or policy change.
IgG4‐related disease with cutaneous manifestations treated with rituximab: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jalilian Chris , Prince H Miles , McCormack Chris , Lade Stephen , Cheah Chan Y 
Published: September 2013

AbstractImmunoglobulin type gamma 4 (Ig)G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a relatively recently described clinical entity characterised by elevated levels of serum IgG4 and tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells in various organ systems. Cutaneous involvement is rare but is becoming increasingly appreciated; typically presenting as erythematous papules and/or nodules that are commonly pruritic. We report a case of IgG4‐RD presenting with persistent pruritic papules and unilateral parotid swelling. His serum IgG4 level was elevated and a histological examination of his skin biopsies found a lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with an excess of IgG4+ non‐clonal plasma cells. The patient was intolerant of oral prednisolone, however complete resolution of the cutaneous lesions was achieved with the anti‐CD20 antibody, rituximab.
Fragmented Surface ECG Was a Poor Predictor of Appropriate Therapies in Patients with Chagas’ Cardiomyopathy and ICD Implantation (Fragmented ECG in CHAgas’ Cardiomyopathy Study)
Authors: Baranchuk Adrian , Femenia Francisco , López‐Diez Juan Cruz , Muratore Claudio , Valentino Mariana , Retyk Enrique , Galizio Nestor , Di Toro Darío , Alonso Karina , Hopman Wilma M. , Miranda Rodrigo ,   FECHA Study Investigators
Published: September 2013

BackgroundMain causes of death in chronic Chagas’ cardiomyopathy (CChC) are progressive congestive heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) have been proved an effective therapy to prevent sudden death in patients with CChC. Identification of predictors of sudden death remains a challenge.ObjectiveTo determine whether surface fragmented ECG (fQRS) helps identifying patients with CChC and ICDs at higher risk of presenting appropriate ICD therapies.MethodsMulticenter retrospective study. All patients with CChC and ICDs were analyzed. Clinical demographics, surface ECG, and ICD therapies were collected.ResultsA total of 98 patients were analyzed. Another four cases were excluded due to pacing dependency. Mean age was 55.5 ± 10.4 years, male gender 65%, heart failure New York Heart Association class I 47% and II 38%. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 39.6 ± 11.8%. The indication for ICD was secondary prevention in 70% of patients. fQRS was found in 56 patients (59.6%). Location of fragmentation was inferior (57.1%), lateral (35.7%), and anterior (44.6%). Rsr pattern was the more prevalent (57.1%). Predictors of appropriate therapy in the multivariate model were: increased age (P = 0.01), secondary prevention indication (P = 0.01), ventricular pacing >50% of the time (P = 0.004), and LVEF <30% (P = 0.01). The presence of fQRS did not identify patients at higher risk of presenting appropriate therapies delivered by the ICD (P = 0.87); regardless of QRS interval duration.ConclusionsfQRS is highly prevalent among patients with CChC. It has been found a poor predictor of appropriate therapies delivered by the ICD in this population.