bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total and Regional Fat-To-Muscle Mass Ratio in Relation to All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in Men and Women
Authors: Xu Minzhi , Gong Yanhong , Yin Xiaoxv 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) has been considered a potentially useful indicator for assessing disease risk. However, the association between FMR and risk of death remains inconclusive.

Objective
This work aimed to investigate the associations of FMR (the whole body, trunk, legs, and arms) with all-cause and cause-specific mortality by sex.

Methods
A total of 337 951 participants from the UK Biobank were included. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device. Cox proportional-hazard regression was applied to explore the associations.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.58 years, we recorded 22 391 (6.62%) deaths, of which 4427 were from cardiovascular disease, 11 740 from cancer, and 1458 from respiratory disease. We observed associations of different shapes (U-shaped for whole body and trunk, L-shaped for legs, and J-shaped for arms) between FMR and all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity &lt;.001). Compared with the lowest quintile of whole body and trunk FMR, the all-cause mortality risk was reduced by 12% to 14% and 7% to 15% in men and women in quintiles 2 to 4, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) associated with arm FMR in men and leg FMR in men and women (quintile 5 vs 1) were 1.14 (95% CI, 1.05-1.23), 0.76 (0.71-0.82), and 0.78 (0.70-0.88) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The associations between FMR and cause-specific mortality were mostly similar to those for all-cause mortality.

Conclusion
Our study revealed statistically significant associations of total and regional FMR with mortality, providing new evidence that FMR may be a potentially useful indicator for assessing mortality risk.
Association Between Serum Remnant Cholesterol Level and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Histology
Authors: Miyake Teruki , Furukawa Shinya , Matsuura Bunzo , Yoshida Osamu , Kanamoto Ayumi , Miyazaki Masumi , Shiomi Akihito , Nakaguchi Hironobu , Okazaki Yuki , Nakamura Yoshiko , Imai Yusuke , Koizumi Mitsuhito , Watanabe Takao , Yamamoto Yasunori , Koizumi Yohei , Tokumoto Yoshio , Hirooka Masashi , Kumagi Teru , Abe Masanori , Hiasa Yoichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Estimated remnant cholesterol (Rem-C) level, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) diagnosed via ultrasonography. However, the relationship between accurate serum Rem-C level measurements and histological findings of MASLD remains unclear.

Objective
We aimed to elucidate the relationship between accurately measured serum Rem-C levels and histological findings of MASLD.

Design
Cross-sectional single-center observational study.

Methods
We assessed 222 patients (94 men and 128 women; age 20-80) who were diagnosed with MASLD via liver biopsy with available medical history, physical examination, and biochemical measurement data. Serum ester-type cholesterol and free cholesterol contents in the remnant lipoproteins were measured using an enzymatic method.

Results
Serum Rem-C levels were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD activity score (NAS) 5 to 8, &gt;66% steatosis grade, lobular inflammation with ≥5 foci, and many cells/prominent ballooning cells (a contiguous patch of hepatocytes showing prominent ballooning injury) than in patients with NAS 1 to 4, &lt; 33% steatosis grade, lobular inflammation with &lt;2 foci, and few ballooning cells (several scattered balloon cells), respectively. While univariate analysis revealed no significant association between Rem-C levels and advanced fibrosis, a significant association between Rem-C levels and NAS was evident. This relationship remained significant in multivariate analysis adjusted for confounders. Furthermore, in the analysis by sex, these relationships were significant for men but not for women.

Conclusion
High serum Rem-C levels were associated with high NAS but not with fibrosis stage, particularly in men. Controlling serum Rem-C level may improve MASLD activity.
Sex-specific Association of Chronic Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Reduced Bone Density and Quality
Authors: Bioletto Fabio , Pusterla Alessia , Fraire Federica , Sauro Lorenzo , Presti Michela , Arvat Emanuela , Ghigo Ezio , Procopio Massimo , Barale Marco 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Context
Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) has been associated with an increase in bone fragility. However, evidence on the effect of chronic PPI use on bone density is conflicting, and data on bone microarchitectural quality are scarce.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether trabecular bone microarchitecture, assessed by trabecular bone score (TBS), is altered in chronic PPI users. The association between PPI use and bone density was also evaluated as a secondary endpoint.

Methods
We extracted individual patient data from the 2005 to 2008 cycles of the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), in which lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans were acquired. TBS values were calculated from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images using a dedicated software. Multivariable linear regression analyses stratified by sex were performed to evaluate the association of chronic PPI use with TBS and bone mineral density (BMD), adjusting for relevant confounders.

Results
A total of 7478 subjects were included (3961 men, 3517 women). After adjustment for relevant confounders, chronic PPI use was associated with a worse bone health profile in men, with lower TBS (−0.039; 95% CI, −0.058 to −0.020; P &lt; .001), lumbar spine T-score (−0.27; 95% CI, −0.51 to −0.04; P = .023), total hip T-score (−0.21; 95% CI, −0.41 to −0.01; P = .041), and femoral neck T-score (−0.22; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.00; P = .047). Notably, the association between chronic PPI use and degraded TBS remained statistically significant even after further adjustment for BMD at lumbar spine and femoral neck (−0.026; 95% CI, −0.039 to −0.012; P = .001). In contrast, no significant association was observed between chronic PPI use and either TBS or BMD in women.

Conclusion
Chronic PPI use is associated with degraded trabecular bone quality in men, even after adjustment for BMD. No association was observed in women.
Penerapan Model Example Non-Example dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Aisyah Novia , Ndori Vinsensius Herianto , Rahmawati Tanti Diah 
Published: August 2024

Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan dapat dilihat berdasarkan kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan. Penggunaan media, model atau metode pembelajaran juga perlu diperhatikan sehingga dapat menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang aktif, kreatif, efektif dan efisien serta dapat menciptakan hasil belajar yang maksimal. Pembelajaran Matematika masih dianggap sebagai Pembelajaran yang sulit dan membosankan. Example non-example merupakan model yang dirancang untuk mempengaruhi pola pikir peserta didik agar dapat berkembang sehingga tercipta kondisi pembelajaran yang aktif, menyenangkan, dan meningkatkan keberanian siswa dalam mengemukakan pendapat serta pengetahuannya. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan model example non-example dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMPK St Mikael Brai Watugong. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penerapan model example non-example di SMPK St Mikael Brai Watugong dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika.
Analisis Keberadaan Bakteri Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) pada Air Laut Di Kampung Wuring Kabupaten Sikka
Authors: Nurliani Nurliani , Syafriati Yuli Mira , Sada Mariana 
Published: August 2024

Kampung Wuring yang berada di kelurahan Wolomarang Kecamatan Alok Barat Kabupaten Sikka merupakan perkampungan yang pada umumnya mendirikan rumah di atas air yang menyatu dengan daratan. Banyaknya aktivitas di perairan pantai mengakibatkan masuknya sampah organik dan anorganik ke perairan pantai. Bakteri Escherichia coli (E.coli) berguna sebagai pendegradasi bahan organik namun jika jumlah bakteri tersebut berlebihan maka itu bisa menjadi indikator pencemaran. Escherichia coli (E.coli) merupakan mikroorganisme yang terdapat pada air yang terkontaminasi dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kandungan bakteri Escherichia Coli (E.coli) pada air laut di daerah perairan Kampung Wuring Kabupaten Sikka. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari 2024 di Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah (LABKESDA) Kabupaten Sikka. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan membran filter dan dibandingkan dengan standar baku mutu Kep-51/MENKLH/2004. Sampel yang diambil berasal dari 2 stasiun yang berbeda yaitu stasiun satu di pemukiman warga dan stasiun dua di Taka Mbo Mina dengan masing- masing empat kali pengulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kandungan bakteri Escherichia Coli (E.coli) pada air laut di pemukiman warga dengan empat pengulangan yaitu sampel satu 4,5 Cfu /100 ml sampel dua 3,12 Cfu /100 ml sampel tiga 2 Cfu /100 ml dan sampel empat 4,37 Cfu /100 ml. Namun pada sampel air laut di Taka Mbo Mina dengan empat kali pengulangan tidak terdeteksi adanya bakteri Escherichia Coli (E.coli). Nilai bakteri Escherichia Coli (E.coli) yang didapat pada sampel air laut di Kampung Wuring masih dibawah ambang batas baku mutu Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 51 tahun 2004 dengan ketentuan nilai 200 Cfu /100 ml.
Population-based screening strategies for biliary atresia in the newborn: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gopal Srirupa Hari , Zebda Rema , Mohan Arvind , Borovsky Kristin , Takwoingi Yemisi , Scandrett Katie , Pammi Mohan 
Published: August 2024

Background
Newborn screening for biliary atresia (BA) may facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention for improved clinical outcomes.

Methods
We systematically reviewed the accuracy of population-based screening strategies for BA in the newborn using PRISMA-DTA guidelines. We included cohort or cross-sectional studies. The screening (index) tests included stool color card (SCC) and direct/conjugated bilirubin (DB/CB) and the reference standard was intraoperative cholangiogram. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects logistic regression models.

Results
We included 15 studies (1,816,722 participants) that assessed 5 different population-based screening strategies. QUADAS-2 assessment revealed high risk of bias for patient selection in one study and uncertain risks for reference standard in multiple studies. High certainty evidence suggests that DB/CB assessed after birth had a summary sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 100,100) and specificity of 98.8% (98.8,98.9) (5 studies, 662141 participants). Moderate certainty evidence suggests that SCC screening at a month of age had summary sensitivity of 79.6% (95% CI 70.6, 86.4) and specificity of 99.9% (95% CI 99.9, 99.9) (7 studies, 996262 participants).

Conclusions
DB/CB in the first few days of life has the best diagnostic accuracy for population screening for biliary atresia in the newborn. Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness and combinations of screening strategies.
Lessons learnt from the implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination programme in the Southwest of England
Authors: Berrou Ilhem , Hobbs Laura , Jones Sue , Hughes Sian , Bailey Hannah , Quigg Sally , Manning Thomas , Morris Anne 
Published: August 2024

Background
Vaccination remains one of the most successful public health interventions in preventing severe disease and death. The roll-out of Covid-19 vaccination programmes has helped protect billions of people around the world against Covid-19. Most of these programmes have been unprecedented in terms of scale and resources, and have been implemented at times of significant humanitarian crisis. This study aims to outline the lessons learnt from the implementation of a regional Covid-19 vaccination programme. These will help inform emergency preparedness and future crisis management.

Methods
This qualitative study sought to explore the key drivers to the successful implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination programme in a region in the Southwest of England, applying the Normalisation Process Theory lens (NPT) to examine multi-stakeholder perspectives. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 75 participants. Document analysis was also used to corroborate the findings emerging from the interviews. Inductive thematic analysis of the data was used to identify the key drivers for the successful implementation of the programme. The NPT lens was then applied to map the themes identified to the domains and constructs of the framework.

Results
Ten key drivers to the successful implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination programme locally were identified, including: the clarity and consistency of the programme’s goal; the diverse representation of stakeholders within the programme leadership team and the mechanisms created by this team to ensure psychological safety, autonomy, operational flexibility and staff empowerment; Communication and data specialists’ input, and collaboration with local communities to maximise the reach of the programme; and allocating funding to tackle health inequalities.

Conclusions
This study highlights the lessons learnt from the implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination programme at a local level, and the mechanisms that can be used in future crises to respond efficiently to the needs of individuals, communities and governments.
Resensitization to colistin results in rapid and stable recovery of adherence, serum resistance and ompW in Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Boral Jale , Vatansever Cansel , Ozcan Gulin , Keske Siran , Menekse Sirin , Gonen Mehmet , Can Fusun 
Published: August 2024

Background
Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging problem that limits antimicrobial therapy options.

Materials & methods
We isolated two pairs of colistin susceptible and colistin-resistant A. baumannii (K1007/K1006 and K408/K409) from two patients diagnosed with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii infection. Colistin susceptible isolates were exposed to in vitro colistin induction for 50 generations. The selected cell populations were subjected to DNA and RNA sequencing and phenotypic assays.

Results
In the in vitro induction assay, K408 gained colistin resistance on the corresponding day of clinical resistance (K408-G25) and got resensitized to colistin in the consecutive generation (K408-G26). A significant upregulation of ompW, ata, adeFGH genes on K408-G25 was followed by a downregulation upon resensitization to colistin (G26). Despite the upregulation of the ompW gene in transcriptomic analysis, the ompW protein disappeared on K408-G25 and recovered in the resensitized generation (G26). In parallel, disrupted cell membrane integrity recovered in K408-G26. In the K408-G25, downregulation of pbpG and upregulation of pbp1a/pbp3 genes decreased serum-resistance which was reversed in the resensitized generation (G26). The K1007 did not gain colistin resistance amongst 50-generations, however, the generation corresponding to clinical resistance day (K1007-G9) had a similar trend with K408-G25. The clinical colistin-resistant K409 and K1006 had SNPs on pmrA and pmrB genes.

Conclusion
In this study, we observed that A. baumannii regulates adhesion, efflux pumps and serum-resistance associated genes as an early response to colistin stress. Besides, the ompW protein disappears in the cell membrane of colistin resistant cells which recovers after resensitization to colistin. The lack of ompW protein in colistin-resistant cells should be taken into consideration for escape mutants in development of antivirulence vaccination or treatment options.
LL37-mtDNA regulates viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-treated RLE-6TN cells by targeting Hsp90aa1
Authors: Zuo Yunlong , Dang Run , Peng Hongyan , Hu Peidan , Yang Yiyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury is associated with lung epithelial cell injury. This study analyzed the role of the antimicrobial peptide LL37 with mitochondrial DNA (LL37–mtDNA) and its potential mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN cells). RLE-6TN cells were treated with LPS alone or with LL37–mtDNA, followed by transcriptome sequencing. Differentially expressed and pivotal genes were screened using bioinformatics tools. The effects of LL37–mtDNA on cell viability, inflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and autophagy-related hallmark expression were evaluated in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells. Additionally, the effects of Hsp90aa1 silencing following LL37–mtDNA treatment were investigated in vitro. LL37–mtDNA further suppressed cell viability, augmented apoptosis, promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines, increased ROS production, and elevated LC3B expression in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells. Using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics, ten candidate genes were identified, of which three core genes were verified to be upregulated in the LPS + LL37–mtDNA group. Additionally, Hsp90aa1 downregulation attenuated the effects of LL37–mtDNA on LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells. Hsp90aa1 silencing possibly acted as a crucial target to counteract the effects of LL37–mtDNA on viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy activation in LPS-treated RLE-6TN cells.
Unforeseen green tide of floating tubular Ulva meridionalis, a lethal threat to oyster farming, along the west coast of Taiwan: tracking its origin and ecophysiological insights
Authors: Su Chun-Yu , Fontana Silvia , Liu Shao-Lun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ulva green tides have adversely affected coastal ecosystems. In June 2023 in Changhua County, Taiwan, an unprecedented floating tubular Ulva bloom spanning about 30 km of coastline caused about 30 % reduction in oyster yield as reported by local farmers. Understanding its taxonomic and ecological basis is crucial for preemptive and remedial measures. Based on molecular (rbcL and tufA) and morphological evidence, U
lva
meridionalis was the cause of this green tide. Haplotype network analysis (based on ITS) suggests that this green tide originated from northern China via the China Coastal Current. Historical survey data indicate that U. meridionalis arrived in Taoyuan Algal Reef (about 150 km north of the bloom area) as far back as 2018. Our ecophysiological experiments revealed that U. meridionalis exhibited a rapid daily growth rate with biomass increment up to 13–21 % when subjected to local nutrient-rich waters under lower salinity and spring-like conditions. Although historical ecological and poultry/livestock data analyses showed no noticeable change in sea surface temperature and rainfall over the past decade, a gradual rise in agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus output was observed. This taxonomic and ecological background lays the groundwork for long-term ecological monitoring. Moreover, this study exemplifies the detrimental impact of an unforeseen Ulva bloom on oyster farming.
Enhancement of hydrogen-rich gas production by acetic acid steam reforming: characterization of Ni–Co modified biochar-based catalysts
Authors: Lin Yucheng , Ma Tengjie , Chen Wei , Hu Junhao , Pang Shusheng , Chang Chun , Li Pan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The development of cost-effective and highly efficient biochar-based catalysts is essential for the catalytic steam reforming process of bio-oil. In this study, pickling peanut shell biochar was used to prepare biochar-supported Ni/Co monometallic catalyst and biochar-supported nickel-Co bimetallic catalyst through the impregnation method. The catalytic effect of these catalysts on acetic acid (a bio-oil model compound) steam reforming was investigated. It was found that Co could enhance the dispersion of metal particles. The catalyst exhibited the best catalytic effect and significantly improved resistance to carbon deposition with a loading of 8 wt% and a Ni-to-Co ratio of 6:2. At the temperature of 600 °C and the S/C ratio of 3, the selectivity of H2 reached 84.48 %, and the conversion of acetic acid reached 95.49 %. A synergistic effect was observed between Ni and Co, leading to increased metal dispersion, enhanced reducibility, and a higher number of active centers. Co facilitates water dissociation and promotes the oxidation of C–H and mobile O, resulting in a faster decarbonization rate. The effective utilization of biochar-based catalysts and the rational utilization of bio-oil contribute to the timely achievement of carbon emission reduction targets.
Protecting the profession: lessons from the recent physician scandals
Authors: Kelso R. Andrew , Schmidt Deborah , McLay Celia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sexual abuse scandals in recent years have eroded some of the trust that is foundational for the physician–patient relationship. A closer analysis of some of these stories of abuse from the standpoint of medical professionalism, primarily utilizing the example of Larry Nassar, DO, yields potential ways in which instances of abuse may be reduced or eliminated. The goal of this paper is to elicit lessons that can be learned from these tragic sequences of events so that physicians, healthcare institutions, physician practices, medical boards, and even patients themselves can introduce measures that help prevent future stories like these.
A Study on Factors Influencing Digital Reading Behavior of Junior High School Students
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Chen Xianggui , Zhang Junyao , Xu Sheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the impact pathway of digital reading willingness and behavior among junior high school students in Guangxi’s developed urban areas, so as to improve the digital reading quality of teenagers. This study took students from key junior high schools in Nanning, Guilin, and Liuzhou as the research subjects. The UTAUT model retained three factors, performance expectation, effort expectation, and social impact, while introducing two variables, perceived risk and immersive experience, to jointly develop a factor model for the digital reading behavior of junior high school students in Guangxi. After conducting a questionnaire survey using an “online + offline” method, 497 valid questionnaires were obtained. SPSS 23 was used to perform reliability and validity analysis and descriptive statistical analysis, while AMOS 26.0 was used to conduct discriminant validity analysis, model adaptation analysis, hypothesis testing, and path analysis. The research conclusion was that performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, and immersive experience all had a positive and significant impact on the digital reading willingness of junior high school students; performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, and immersive experience positively influenced their digital reading behavior through their digital reading willingness, while perceived risk was found to have no significant impact on digital reading willingness and corresponding behavior. This article used a composite research method to study a sample of student groups in specific regions. It was an early introduction of immersive experience and perceived risk indicators in the study of digital reading behavior, specifically exploring the digital reading patterns of junior high school students who had received less attention in previous studies but were in a critical period of growth.