bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 24 hour recovery kinetics from n starvation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang You , Quigg Antonietta 
Published: June 2015

The response of N (nitrate) starved cells of the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to a pulse of new N were measured to investigate rapid cellular and photosynthetic recovery kinetics. The changes of multiple parameters were followed over 24 h. In P. tricornutum, the recovery of Fv/Fm (the maximum quantum yield of PS II) and σPSII (the functional absorption cross‐section for PSII) started within the first hour, much earlier than other parameters. Cellular pigments did not recover during the 24 h but the chlorophyll (chl) a/carotenoid ratios increased to levels measured in the controls. Cell division was independent of the recovery of chl a. In E. huxleyi, the recovery of Fv/Fm and σPSII started after an hour, synchronous with the increase in cellular organic N and chl a with pigments fully recovered within 14 h. P. tricornutum prioritized the recovery of its photosynthetic functions and cell divisions while E. huxleyi did not follow this pattern. We hypothesize that the different recovery strategies between the two species allow P. tricornutum to be more competitive when N pulses are introduced into N‐limited water while E. huxleyi is adapted to N scarce waters where such pulses are infrequent. These findings are consistent with successional patterns observed in coastal environments. This is one of only a few studies exploring recovery kinetics of cellular functions and photosynthesis after nitrogen stress in phytoplankton. Our results can be used to enhance ecological models linking phytoplankton traits to species diversity and community structure.
A Salvia miltiorrhiza ethanol extract ameliorates tissue destruction caused by experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Chiang C.‐Y. , Tsai H.‐T. , Chang W.‐L. , Chin Y.‐T. , Chang W.‐J. , Tu H.‐P. , Chiu H.‐C. , Fu E. 
Published: June 2015

Background and ObjectiveSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae), or Danshen, is a Chinese medicine used for treatment of cardiac diseases by improving blood circulation and inhibiting inflammatory responses. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an ethanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza can ameliorate tissue damage caused by periodontitis.Material and MethodsAn ethanolic extract of S. miltiorrhiza roots was prepared, and its major constituents were determined by HPLC analysis, by comparison with known standards for the major bioactive components. The activity of the extract was evaluated in a rat model in which periodontitis was induced by ligation of a silk suture around the neck of molar teeth. The effects of the S. miltiorrhiza extract on periodontitis were assessed by dental radiography, micro‐computed tomography and histology.ResultsThe cemento–enamel junction–bone distances among the four different groups of rats were significantly different: the distance was shorter in groups treated with ligation + S. miltiorrhiza extract than in the group treated with ligation only, but was longer than in the nonligated group, regardless of the radiographic methods used. Histology and histometry also indicated a similar trend of less gingival inflammation and alveolar bone destruction in the histological sections from the S. miltiorrhiza extract groups than in those from the ligation group.ConclusionBecause the S. miltiorrhiza extract reduced tissue damage and bone loss caused by ligation‐induced periodontitis in rats, we suggest that the S. miltiorrhiza extract might have an ameliorative effect on periodontal tissue destruction during the process of periodontitis.
A preliminary study on the use and effect of hand antiseptics in veterinary practice
Authors: Sparksman K. P. , Knowles T. G. , Werrett G. , Holt P. E. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVESTo assess use and effect of hand antiseptics in veterinary clinical practice.MATERIALS AND METHODSVeterinary practice nurses were questioned concerning their use of hand antiseptics, in particular waterless hand rubs. Subsequent clinical trials assessed the effect of single applications of alcohol‐based and quaternary ammonium compound‐based hand rubs at reducing bacterial counts on the hands of theatre nurses in a neutering clinic.RESULTSThe majority of responding practices used waterless hand rubs (alcohol‐based, 67 · 5% and quaternary ammonium compound‐based, 9 · 5%) as their primary hand hygiene agent and believed them to be effective. 23% of practices favoured an antiseptic hand‐wash. In clinical trials, alcohol‐based rubs were potentially more effective at reducing bacterial counts than quaternary ammonium compound‐based rubs especially in the period immediately after application. However, over 3 hours there was no significant change between these and a control group. There were more adverse skin effects in the group using alcohol‐based than in the quaternary ammonium compound‐based and control groups. The bacterial counts after application were unaffected by variables such as the number of animals contacted.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe studies provide useful baseline data for evaluation of efficacy of more frequent applications of the most common antiseptic hand rubs used in veterinary practice.
Effect of Liquid (Native) and Dry Molasses Originating from Sugar Beet on Physical and Textural Properties of Gluten‐Free Biscuit and Biscuit Dough
Authors: Filipčev Bojana , Šimurina Olivera , Dapčević Hadnađev Tamara , Jevtić‐Mučibabić Rada , Filipović Vladimir , Lončar Biljana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the effects of beet molasses in two forms, liquid and dry, on dough rheological profile and biscuit quality. Molasses was applied over 10–50% (flour basis) range. Increasing molasses doses exhibited weakening of dough structure, which led to formation of soft, less elastic and more adhesive dough. Dough with 50% liquid molasses showed higher frequency dependence and exhibited crossover at frequencies over 1 Hz, shifting from viscoelastic solid to elastoviscous liquid. Biscuit spread and eccentricity increased as molasses doses increased. At 40–50% supplementation level, liquid molasses induced higher spread than dry molasses. Dry molasses hardened the biscuits, whereas liquid molasses had a softening effect. Fracturability increased with molasses addition and it was more pronounced with dry molasses. Fundamental and empirical rheological parameters showed good ability to describe dough behavior and were highly correlated. Biscuit spread and fracturability could be predicted from dough consistency and elasticity.Practical ApplicationsGluten‐free products are mainly based on starch and may not contain the same levels of nutrients as normal, gluten containing products. Many studies have shown that strict adherence to gluten‐free diet may worsen the nutritional balance in affected individuals. Therefore, development of new, enriched gluten‐free formulations remains a necessity in a long‐term perspective. Sugar beet molasses is abundant in natural bioactive compounds and nutritionally important nutrients such as minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Fe), B group vitamins, biotin, betaine, etc., and has been found as an effective ingredient to balance the nutritional profile of various food products. This study demonstrated that the use of beet molasses in native or dry form exerts different effects in gluten‐free biscuits and dough. In addition to the potential nutritional benefit, different forms of molasses contribute to different biscuit textures and color, which is additionally advantageous regarding variant diet as it may broaden the assortment of gluten‐free biscuits.
Cyproterone acetate induces a wide spectrum of acute liver damage including corticosteroid‐responsive hepatitis: report of 22 cases
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Lucena MI , Roma Marcelo G. , Stephens Camilla , Medina‐Cáliz Inmaculada , Frider Bernardo , Tsariktsian Guillermo , Hernández Nelia , Bruguera Miquel , Gualano Gisela , Fassio Eduardo , Montero Joaquín , Reggiardo María V , Ferretti Sebastián , Colombato Luis , Tanno Federico , Ferrer Jaime , Zeno Lelio , Tanno Hugo , Andrade Raúl J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsCyproterone acetate (CPA), an anti‐androgenic drug for prostate cancer, has been associated with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). We aim to expand the knowledge on the spectrum of phenotypes and outcomes of CPA‐induced DILI.MethodsTwenty‐two males (70 ± 8 years; range 54–83) developing liver damage as a result of CPA therapy (dose: 150 ± 50 mg/day; range 50–200) were included. Severity index and causality by RUCAM were assessed.ResultsFrom 1993 to 2013, 22 patients were retrieved. Latency was 163 ± 97 days. Most patients were symptomatic, showing hepatocellular injury (91%) and jaundice. Liver tests at onset were: ALT 18 ± 13 × ULN, ALP 0.7 ± 0.7 × ULN and total serum bilirubin 14 ± 10 mg/dl. International normalized ratio values higher than 1.5 were observed in 14 (66%) patients. Severity was mild in 1 case (4%), moderate in 7 (32%), severe in 11 (50%) and fatal in 3 (14%). Five patients developed ascitis, and four encephalopathy. One patient had a liver injury that resembled autoimmune hepatitis. Eleven (50%) were hospitalized. Nineteen patients recovered after CPA withdrawal, although three required steroid therapy (two of them had high ANA titres). Liver biopsy was performed in seven patients (two hepatocellular collapse, one submassive necrosis, two cholestatic hepatitis, one cirrhosis with iron overload and one autoimmune hepatitis). RUCAM category was ‘highly probable’ in 19 (86%), ‘probable’ in 1 (4%), and ‘possible’ in 2 (9%).ConclusionsCPA‐induced liver injury is severe and can be fatal, and may occasionally resemble autoimmune DILI. The benefit/risk ratio of this drug should be thoroughly assessed in each patient.
Protease inhibitors‐based therapy induces acquired spherocytic‐like anaemia and ineffective erythropoiesis in chronic hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Lupo Francesca , Russo Roberta , Iolascon Achille , Ieluzzi Donatella , Siciliano Angela , Toniutto Pierluigi , Matté Alessandro , Piovesan Sara , Raffetti Elena , Turrini Francesco , Dissegna Denis , Donato Francesco , Alberti Alfredo , Zuliani Valeria , Fattovich Giovanna , De Franceschi Lucia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsThe addition of protease inhibitors, boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TRV), to peg‐interferon and ribavirin (PR) increases the incidence of anaemia in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although genetic variants in inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) gene have been linked to the haemolytic anaemia induced by PR, the mechanism sustaining severe anaemia during triple therapy is still unknown. This study aims to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying anaemia in chronic HCV patients with combined therapy.MethodsWe studied 59 patients with chronic HCV genotype‐1: 29 treated with TRV/PR and 30 with BOC/PR. We evaluated biochemical and haematological parameters, red cell index at baseline, 4, 12, 16 and 24 weeks of treatment; in a subgroup, we performed functional studies: osmotic fragility, red cell membrane protein separation, mass spectrometry analysis, quantification of erythroid microparticles release. IL28B and ITPA polymorphisms were also evaluated.ResultsWe found early acute normochromic normocytic haemolytic anaemia (4–8 weeks) followed by a late macrocytic hypo‐regenerative anaemia with inappropriate low reticulocyte count (12–24 weeks). Studies on red cells revealed: (i) presence of spherocytes; (ii) increased osmotic fragility; (iii) abnormalities in red cell membrane protein composition; (iv) reduced membrane‐cytoskeleton stability; (v) increased release of erythroid microparticles. ITPA polymorphisms impacted only the early phase of anaemia.ConclusionsThe bimodal pattern of anaemia in chronic HCV patients on triple therapy might be because of acquired spherocytic‐like anaemia in the early phase, followed by hyporegenerative anaemia, most likely related to the combined effects of PR and TRV or BOC on erythropoiesis.
Colonization from divergent ancestors: glaciation signatures on contemporary patterns of genomic variation in Collared Pikas (Ochotona collaris)
Authors: Lanier Hayley C. , Massatti Rob , He Qixin , Olson Link E. , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIdentifying the genetic structure of a species and the factors that drive it is an important first step in modern population management, in part because populations evolving from separate ancestral sources may possess potentially different characteristics. This is especially true for climate‐sensitive species such as pikas, where the delimitation of distinct genetic units and the characterization of population responses to contemporary and historical environmental pressures are of particular interest. We combined a restriction site‐associatedDNAsequencing (RADSeq) data set containing 4156 single nucleotide polymorphisms with ecological niche models (ENMs) of present and past habitat suitability to characterize population composition and evaluate the effects of historical range shifts, contemporary climates and landscape factors on gene flow in Collared Pikas, which are found in Alaska and adjacent regions of northwestern Canada and are the lesser‐studied of North America's two pika species. The results suggest that contemporary environmental factors contribute little to current population connectivity. Instead, genetic diversity is strongly shaped by the presence of three ancestral lineages isolated during the Pleistocene (~148 and 52 kya). Based onENMs and genetic data, populations originating from a northern refugium experienced longer‐term stability, whereas both southern lineages underwent population expansion – contradicting the southern stability and northern expansion patterns seen in many other taxa. Current populations are comparable with respect to generally low diversity within populations and little‐to‐no recent admixture. The predominance of divergent histories structuring populations implies that if we are to understand and manage pika populations, we must specifically assess and accurately account for the forces underlying genetic similarity.
A Novel Image Registration Algorithm for Indoor and Built Environment Applications
Authors: Hsu Wei‐Yen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel registration algorithm is proposed for the applications of indoor and built environment in this study. A wavelet‐based method is used to extract representative features, whereas an analytic differential approach is proposed to achieve fast registration of feature pairs. Finally, feature‐based Levenberg‐Marquardt method is applied to further refine registration results. This study presents the techniques used to process and merge indoor and built environment images to create and produce full scenes. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by testing the images acquired by a hand‐held digital still camera and in comparison with four registration techniques in terms of the squared sum of intensity differences and correlation coefficient. The results indicate that the proposed method is promising in registration accuracy, which are statistically significantly better than other four approaches. The use of such a system can assist the architects in facilitating the whole presentation of existing buildings and producing a complete overview and illustration of existing structures efficiently.
Turnover of mRNAs is one of the essential functions of RNase E
Authors: Hammarlöf Disa L. , Bergman Jessica M. , Garmendia Eva , Hughes Diarmaid 
Published: June 2015

SummaryRNase E is an essential bacterial endoribonuclease with a central role in processing tRNAs and rRNA, and turning over mRNAs. Previous studies in strains carrying mutations in the rne structural gene have shown that tRNA processing is likely to be an essential function of RNase E but have not determined whether mRNA turnover is also an essential function. To address this we selected extragenic suppressors of temperature‐sensitive mutations in rne that cause a large increase in mRNA half‐life at the non‐permissive temperature. Fifteen suppressors were mapped to three different loci: relBE (toxin‐antitoxin system); vacB (RNase R); and rpsA (ribosomal protein S1). Each suppressor class has the potential to interact with mRNA and each restores wild‐type levels of mRNA turnover but does not reverse the minor defects in tRNA and rRNA processing. RelE toxin is especially interesting because its only known activity is to cleave mRNAs in the ribosomal A‐site. The relBE suppressor mutations increase transcription of relE, and controlled overexpression of RelE alone was sufficient to suppress the rne ts phenotype. Suppression increased turnover of some major mRNAs (tufA, ompA) but not all mRNAs. We propose that turnover of some mRNAs is one of the essential functions of RNase E.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis class II apurinic/apyrimidinic‐endonuclease/3′‐5′ exonuclease III exhibits DNA regulated modes of interaction with the sliding DNA β‐clamp
Authors: Khanam Taran , Rai Niyati , Ramachandran Ravishankar 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe class‐II AP‐endonuclease (XthA) acts on abasic sites of damaged DNA in bacterial base excision repair. We identified that the sliding DNA β‐clamp forms in vivo and in vitro complexes with XthA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A novel 239QLRFPKK245 motif in the DNA‐binding domain of XthA was found to be important for the interactions. Likewise, the peptide binding‐groove (PBG) and the C‐terminal of β‐clamp located on different domains interact with XthA. The β‐clamp‐XthA complex can be disrupted by clamp binding peptides and also by a specific bacterial clamp inhibitor that binds at the PBG. We also identified that β‐clamp stimulates the activities of XthA primarily by increasing its affinity for the substrate and its processivity. Additionally, loading of the β‐clamp onto DNA is required for activity stimulation. A reduction in XthA activity stimulation was observed in the presence of β‐clamp binding peptides supporting that direct interactions between the proteins are necessary to cause stimulation. Finally, we found that in the absence of DNA, the PBG located on the second domain of the β‐clamp is important for interactions with XthA, while the C‐terminal domain predominantly mediates functional interactions in the substrate's presence.
Phytophthora capsici homologue of the cell cycle regulator SDA1 is required for sporangial morphology, mycelial growth and plant infection
Authors: Zhu Chunyuan , Yang Xiaoyan , Lv Rongfei , Li Zhuang , Ding Xiaomeng , Tyler Brett M. , Zhang Xiuguo 
Published: June 2015

SummarySDA1 encodes a highly conserved protein that is widely distributed in eukaryotic organisms. SDA1 is essential for cell cycle progression and organization of the actin cytoskeleton in yeasts and humans. In this study, we identified a Phytophthora capsici orthologue of yeast SDA1, named PcSDA1. In P. capsici, PcSDA1 is strongly expressed in three asexual developmental states (mycelium, sporangia and germinating cysts), as well as late in infection. Silencing or overexpression of PcSDA1 in P. capsici transformants affected the growth of hyphae and sporangiophores, sporangial development, cyst germination and zoospore release. Phalloidin staining confirmed that PcSDA1 is required for organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) staining and PcSDA1‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that PcSDA1 is involved in the regulation of nuclear distribution in hyphae and sporangia. Both silenced and overexpression transformants showed severely diminished virulence. Thus, our results suggest that PcSDA1 plays a similar role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and nuclear division in this filamentous organism as in non‐filamentous yeasts and human cells.
Crafting identities in a multinational context: evidence from Catalonia
Authors: Hierro María José 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe nationalist messages that family and school transmit are very often concurrent, making it difficult to measure their independent impact on individuals. In order to separate out the leverage of these two agents of socialisation, this article focuses on a case study in which such concurrence cannot be taken for granted: Catalonia. The article exploits variation in parents' national identification, resulting from the presence of a population born in other regions of Spain outside Catalonia, to tease out the effect of both parents and Catalan school in crafting individuals' identification. The results, which draw on the analysis of a household survey, suggest that more years of schooling makes more likely that individuals develop a dual identity; however, parents' attachment to Catalonia is key in fostering an exclusive identification with Catalonia. Results also suggest that residence in neighbourhoods in which the proportion of natives and immigrants from other regions of Spain favours contact between children from different identity backgrounds is decisive in promoting a more Catalan‐oriented identification between second generations.
Increased attentional network functioning related to symptom severity measures in females with irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Hubbard C. S. , Hong J. , Jiang Z. , Ebrat B. , Suyenobu B. , Smith S. , Heendeniya N. , Naliboff B. D. , Tillisch K. , Mayer E. A. , Labus J. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundIncreased attention to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and disease‐specific contexts may play an important role in the enhanced perception of visceral stimuli frequently reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this study, we test the hypothesis that altered attentional mechanisms underlie central pain amplification in IBS.MethodsTo evaluate brain networks that support alerting, orienting, and executive attention, we employed the attention network test (ANT), a modified flanker task which measures the efficiency of functioning of core attentional networks, during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 15 IBS patients (mean age = 31 [11.96]) and 14 healthy controls (HCs; mean age = 31 [10.91]).Key ResultsPatients with IBS, compared to HCs, showed shorter reaction times during the alerting and orienting conditions which were associated with greater activation of anterior midcingulate and insular cortices, and decreased activity in the right inferior frontal junction and supplementary motor cortex. Patients also showed activation in the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and concurrent thalamic deactivation during the executive control portion of the ANT relative to HCs, but no group difference in reaction times were found. The activity in brain regions showing group differences during the ANT were associated with measures of GI‐specific anxiety, pain catastrophizing, and fear of uncertainty. In IBS, activity in the anterior midcingulate during alerting correlated with duration of GI‐symptoms and overall symptom severity.Conclusions & InferencesTogether, these results suggest that IBS patients have specific abnormalities in attentional network functioning and these deficits may underlie symptom‐related anxiety, hypervigilance, and visceral hypersensitivity.