bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid chromatography–electro spray ionization–tandem mass spectroscopy method for the quantification of alogliptin in spiked human plasma
Authors: Biswal Sabyasachi , Mondal Sumanta , Mondal Prasenjit 
Published: August 2024

Background
Alogliptin is the inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4. It acts to regulate blood sugar by increasing the amount of insulin in the body.

Aim
A liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy/mass spectroscopy method was developed for the estimation of alogliptin in spiked human plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction technique was adopted for the extraction of alogliptin from human plasma.

Materials and methods
The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters Symmetry shield RP C-18 column with 4.6-mm internal diameter, 5-μm particle size, 100A° pore size analytical column at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min using a mixture of 0.3% formic acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 20 : 80% v/v as mobile phase. Positive ion mode was selected to obtain the product ion m/z +339.19 (parent) →245.11 (product) for alogliptin and m/z +303.39 (parent) →232.16 (product) for internal standard.

Results
The developed method was satisfactorily validated as per United State Food and Drug Administration guidelines for the bioanalytical study because it exhibits excellent intraday and interday accuracy with % nominal 91.06→98.48% and precision percentage coefficient variation less than or equal to 2% in all quality control levels. Alogliptin revealed its linearity with correlation coefficient (r
2=0.99) in the concentration range of 40.17–16 096 ng/ml, showed acceptable % extraction recovery (96.18→98.36%), and showed excellent matrix and analyte selectivity (% interference=0), as well as matrix effect (matrix factor 0.931 at lower quantitation limit and 1.14 at high quality control level). The stability study results of bench top, freeze thaw, autosampler, and short-term and long-term showed the accuracy in the range of 92.52–99.16% and percentage coefficient variation in the range of 0.22–1.93.

Conclusion
The method was successfully optimized and validated as per the United State Food and Drug Administration bioanalytical method development guidelines. The applicability of the developed method undoubtedly can further extend during preclinical and clinical trials.
Stability indicating reverse phase (RP)-high-performance liquid chromatography method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of olanzapine and samidorphan in bulk and tablets
Authors: Kumar Hathibelagal Mundarinti Sudheer , Chandrasekhar Kothapalli B. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Patients with schizophrenia are given a combination tablet combining olanzapine (OLA), an atypical antipsychotic and samidorphan (SAM), an opioid receptor antagonist.

Objectives
In bulk and tablet dosage forms, a stability-indicating reverse phase (RP)-high-performance liquid chromatography technique for the simultaneous determination of OLA and SAM has been developed and validated.

Materials and methods
The chromatographic analysis was performed using an isocratic mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water : methanol : acetonitrile (10 : 40 : 50, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, and the eluents were monitored at an isosbestic point of 285 nm.

Results and conclusion
The suggested method’s specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity, and robustness were all validated according as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method’s stability was validated by forced degradation experiments. Retention times for OLA and SAM were 2.85 and 4.79 min, respectively. The method was found to be precise and accurate. SAM linearity was found to be between 14.0 and 45.0 µg/ml, whereas OLA linearity was found to be between 22.5 and 67.5 µg/ml. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of OLA were 2.65 and 8.85 µg/ml, respectively, whereas the LOD and LOQ of SAM were 8.12 and 27.06 µg/ml, respectively. As a result, the suggested high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of OLA and SAM was reliable, repeatable, accurate, and sensitive.
Callus culture, phytochemical analysis and antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of marjoram (Origanum majorana)
Authors: Arafa Nermeen M. , Amer Ahmed M. , Helmy Naiera M. , El-Shenawy Reem 
Published: August 2024

Background and aim
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Phenolic compounds are a group of plant-derived antioxidants used to treat or prevent cancer. Marjoram is an aromatic and medicinal plant found in Mediterranean countries and is used in traditional medicine. The aim of this study was to produce callus cultures, determine the in vitro antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid contents, and evaluate the cytotoxic effects of marjoram extracts.

Materials and methods
Leaf, root, and stem explants were cultured in medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to induce callus formation. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents were measured using colorimetric assays. An MTT assay was used to estimate the cytotoxic effects of the extracts on a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.

Results and conclusion
Leaf explants were the most promising for callus induction. The highest frequencies of callus induction were obtained with 2,4-D at 0.25 mg/L for leaf and root explants and 0.5 mg/L for stem explants. The maximum amount of extractable phenolic and flavonoid compounds was observed in the acetone extracts. The acetone extracts had higher cytotoxic effects than the methanol extracts, but there was no significant difference in antioxidant activity. These findings support the potential of marjoram as a resource for antioxidant and anticancer agents, and provide sufficient scientific background to isolate and purify bioactive compounds for further applications.
Intestinal barrier as a silent driver of gut-brain disorders
Authors: El-Shaheed Azza Abd , Mahfouz Nermine N. , Elabd Mona A. , El-Bana Mona A. , El-Zayat Salwa Refat , Sibaii Hiba , Metwaly Heba H. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The disorder of the gut-brain interaction, in adolescence, is of high prevalence worldwide. Up till now there is no clear aetiology for this gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Objective
To assess the status of the intestinal barrier in those having gut dysfunction compared with control group.

Materials and methods
A case-control study involved 180 Egyptian adolescents. They were distributed into two groups, the cases with positive ROME criteria and the controls with negative ROME criteria. Serum anti-flagellin antibodies (IgA and IgG) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were assessed in both groups.

Results and conclusion
Ninety-nine adolescents out of 180 were positive for gastrointestinal dysfunction. The values of anti-flagellin antibodies and intestinal fatty acid binding protein were equivocal in both groups. Therefore, screening for gut-brain interaction disorders by ROME criteria is worthful for all adolescents. The positivity of ROME criteria does not always denote an underlying intestinal barrier defect.
Production and optimization of xylooligosaccharides from beech wood xylan by Bacillus amyloliquifaciens NRRL B-14393 xylanase and its antioxidant potential
Authors: Mahmoud Hadeer A. , Rashad Mona M. , Mahmoud Abeer E. , Hamdy Germine M. , Fathy Shadia A. 
Published: August 2024

Background and objective
Xylanase is a prominent industrially applicable enzyme. The present study investigated the applicability of crude Bacillus amyloliquifaciens NRRL B-14393 xylanase for production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) from beech wood xylan (BWX).

Materials and methods
Crude xylanase activity was characterized in terms of xylanolytic activities present, pH, and temperature. The effect of incubation time, enzyme dosage, and substrate concentration on XOS production was investigated by response surface methodology based on central composite design. The antioxidant potential of produced XOS was assayed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) and H2O2 methods besides their correlated total phenolic content was estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method.

Results and conclusion
The crude enzyme extract was β-xylosidase free and proved active over a broad pH range. The enzyme was thermostable up to 70°C and maximal enzyme activity was observed at 50°C and pH 8. Functional groups and purity of BWX were identified by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). XOS yield was optimized to 16.02 mg XOS/ml xylan (400.45 mg XOS/g xylan) applying 1.70 mg enzyme/g xylan, 4.91 h incubation time and 1.08%, w/v substrate concentration. Xylobiose and xylopentose were identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as the hydrolysate main end products. Total phenolic content of 115±0.60 mg GAEq/g XOS explicated the high antioxidant capacities exhibited by produced XOS.
Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of postcesarean section acute complications
Authors: Dar Musaib Ahmad , Posh Sheema , Rafiq Suhail , Mohideen Irshad 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Cesarean delivery is the most commonly performed major abdominal operation in women. Its rate ranges from 3% to 5% in Africa to 33% in the United States and 43.9% in Brazil with a reported worldwide global estimation of 15%. Although it is a safe procedure, cesarean delivery has a variety of acute and chronic complications. The various acute complications of cesarean section are hematomas, infection, uterine dehiscence or rupture, and pelvic thrombophlebitis. The overall complication rate is around 14.5%.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim and objective of this study is to evaluate the imaging findings of acute complications of cesarean section.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was done in the Department of Radiodiagnosis Govt Medical College, Srinagar from June 2019 to February 2020 in collaboration with department of general surgery and gynecology and obstetrics. All patients with suspected complication in immediate postcesarean period were evaluated with contrast-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).

Results:
Out of 25 patients evaluated for suspected immediate postcesarean complications, five patients had bladder flap hematoma only, 8 had uterine dehiscence, six patients had uterine rupture, 3 had ureteric injury, one had gossypiboma while as 2 had pelvic sepsis.

Conclusion:
MDCT plays an important role in the detection and confirmation of multiple postcesarean acute complication and can also help in guiding the management of complication as well.
Associations among fetal heart rate patterns and mothers’ spiritual health and forgiveness
Authors: Dehestani Hanieh , Moshfeghy Zeinab , Derakhshanpour Setareh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
Studies have shown that spiritual commitment and positive personality traits such as forgiveness are considered a factor in effective adaptation to stressful problems and events and stress reduction. This study was to associations among fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns and mothers’ spiritual health and forgiveness in women referring to Maternity Hospital Affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods:
This study is a correlational study, which was performed on pregnant women referring to selected hospitals with a sample size of 200 pregnant mothers in 2016. After receiving written consent from qualified individuals, a general information questionnaire, medical history, spiritual health, and forgiveness were recorded. Then, data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and Chi-square test in SPSS software, version 22.

Results:
The mean age of the participants was 28.92 years, with a gestational age of 37–31 weeks. The mean spiritual health was 102.64 (14.61) and 133.2 (16.99). 31.5% of mothers' spiritual health was average, 68.5% their spiritual health was estimated to be high. Twenty-five percent had a moderate level of forgiveness and 75% had a high level of forgiveness. According to the Chi-square test, there is a significant relationship between spiritual health and forgiveness with normal FHR patterns (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
The majority of pregnant women had a high score of spiritual health and forgiveness, and there was a statistically significant relationship with the normal FHR. It is suggested that implementing a spirituality-based care program that promotes spirituality and positive personality traits can be a good way to reduce maternal anxiety and regular FHR.
Patterns of psychiatric morbidity among tribal patients in a tertiary referral hospital of Manipur
Authors: Senjam Gojendra Singh , Singh R. K. Lenin , Roshan Lourembam , Carol Arambam 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The epidemiological data regarding the prevalence rate of mental illness among tribal population are silent in India, in spite of having the largest tribal population globally. There is limited knowledge of the actual mental morbidity among the tribal people of Manipur. The present study aims to document the patterns of psychiatric morbidity among the tribal inpatients and outpatients attending the psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital in Manipur.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study design was adopted in the present study. All adult tribal patients designated/notified as a tribal by the Government of Manipur residing at least 10 years in different parts of the state attending as outpatients or inpatients in the Department of Psychiatry, RIMS, Imphal during the study period were considered the study population of the present study. A total of 240 samples were collected through consecutive sampling method. Each prospective participant was explained about the study’s objectives, interviewing protocols, and confidentiality measures. Following the participant’s consent, a self-developed semi-structured pro forma and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for adults were used for data collection.

Results:
The present finding undoubtedly discovered that the highest percentage of tribal patients suffering from various types of psychiatric morbidity was found to be substance-use disorder (32%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (25%), depression (14%), schizophrenia (12%), bipolar affective disorder (10%), and psychosis NOS (7%). Regarding various types of psychiatric morbidity with respect to the gender of tribal patients, no association was found between psychosis NOS (P = 0.779) and schizophrenia (P = 0.558), whereas generalized anxiety disorder (P = 0.001), depression (P = 0.031), and bipolar affective disorder (P = 0.007) were having an association between gender.

Conclusion:
It was determined that the most prevalent psychiatric morbidity among Manipur’s tribal patients was substance use disorder. In addition, it was stated that 72% of them had typical common mental disorders. Female tribal patients were more likely to experience psychiatric morbidity such as anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder, whereas male tribal patients were more likely to experience opioid dependence syndrome, alcohol dependence syndrome, and cannabis-induced psychiatric disorders. The result of the study would help improve the clinical management and successful execution of mental health treatment initiatives in areas with a predominance of tribal people.
Clinical, epidemiological, and outcome profile of patients during all the three waves of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective hospital-based study from North India
Authors: Shukla Surabhi , Singh Peetam 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been experienced by the entire population directly or indirectly. During all the three waves of COVID-19, herd immunity and other epidemiological factors played an important role in the severity and outcome of the disease. This study was conducted as an attempt to observe the clinical profile, exposure characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19 patients from rural community admitted to a tertiary care facility.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective observational study included data from January 2020 to March 2022. The data of patients including patient demography, clinical and laboratory parameters, and outcome of the disease were retrieved from patient case files. Patients were categorized based on disease severity according to the WHO guidelines.

Results:
A total of 2339 patients were included in this study. Out of total patients, males were 67% and the mean age of participants was 45.43 ± 18.48 years. Total patients having associated comorbid factors were 29.3% while 9.4% had multiple comorbidities. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus (15.8%) followed by hypertension (13.4%). Overall mortality was found to be 16.2%. Fever was the most common presenting symptom (92%) followed by cough (51%) and myalgia (30%). Disease severity and outcome were significantly associated with advancing age and the presence of underlying comorbidities.

Conclusion:
Rural population has a comparable proportion of comorbidities as well as mortality. Common risk factors for severe disease in rural setting are old age and associated multiple comorbidities. Country-wide rural data should be collected for better understanding of COVID-19 disease in rural and remote populations.
Comparison of levobupivacaine with dexamethasone versus levobupivacaine for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block in lower abdominal surgeries in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu district – A randomized control trial
Authors: Edward Preeti , Prasad T. Krishna , Balasubramanian Anusha , Krishnan Rajarajeswaran 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a regional technique for analgesia of the anterolateral abdominal wall. Ultrasound guidance is now considered the gold standard in TAP blocks. It involves the injection of a local anesthetic solution into a plane between the internal oblique muscle and transversus abdominis muscle. Since the thoracolumbar nerves originating from the T6 to L1 spinal roots run into this plane and supply sensory nerves to the anterolateral abdominal wall, the local anesthetic spread in this plane can block the neural afferents and provide analgesia to the anterolateral abdominal wall. Levobupivacaine is a local anesthetic from the amino amide class of medications. Adjuvants are drugs when added along with local anesthetics have a synergistic action to improve the duration and quality of analgesia.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to study the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block using levobupivacaine with dexamethasone in terms of hemodynamic stability and duration of postoperative analgesia and pain scores (visual analog scale [VAS]), time of requirement of rescue analgesics among patients who have undergone lower abdominal surgeries.

Methods:
This is a double-blinded randomized control trial. This study was conducted among 60 patients who have undergone lower abdominal surgeries in a tertiary care hospital. Postsurgery, intraoperatively prior shifting out the patient, two groups received transversus abdominis plane block, one received 28 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 2 ml of normal saline and another group received 28 ml of 0.25% levobupivacaine with 2 ml (8 mg) dexamethasone. Duration of postoperative analgesia and the efficacy between the two groups were compared with hemodynamic parameters and VAS score.

Results:
The study groups were not significantly different in terms of demographic data or the American Society of Anesthesiologists Grading. The mean onset of breakthrough pain was significantly higher in the L group. The time of requirement of rescue analgesics was also significantly shorter in the L group compared to the LD group. The VAS pain score was significantly lower in the Group LD as compared to the L group.

Conclusion:
Hence, it was noticed that dexamethasone when added to levobupivacaine had better hemodynamic stability in terms of blood pressure, heart rate, saturation, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure. The requirement of rescue analgesics was also reduced in this group and the time of breakthrough pain was also prolonged. This group had significantly lower pain scores.
Immunovirological response and adverse effects of dolutegravir-based regimen in people living with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Mynthlu Ferdinand , Singh T. Jeetenkumar , Tlau Lalmuankima , Bhutia Annela , Fanai Lalrinchhani , Tlau Johny Lalmuanpuia , Posa Vishnu Theja 
Published: August 2024

Background:
After the WHO and NACO recommendation and implementation of dolutegravir (DTG)-based regimen as the preferred first-line regimen for adults living with HIV and as a preferred second-line regimen for adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) for whom non-DTG-based regimens are failing, only a few studies are present on its efficacy and adverse effects as first line and as a switch option in this part of the world.

Objectives:
The primary and secondary objectives were to evaluate the immunovirological response and to assess the adverse effects of DTG-based regimens in PLHIV/AIDS respectively.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal for a period of 22 months, to study the immunovirological response and adverse effects of DTG-based regimen in PLHIV/AIDS.

Results:
Mean CD4 cells count ± standard deviation (cells/µL) was 495.42 ± 215.13 at enrollment, 529.53 ± 202.86 at 6 months, and 578.84 ± 204.84 at 1 year on DTG-based regimen. Increase in mean CD4 cells count was 34.11 cells/µL after 6 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.76–45.46, P<0.000) and 83.42 cells/µL (95% CI: 68.57–98.26, P <0.000) after 1 year of starting DTG regimen. At enrollment, 92% (n = 92) were virologically suppressed, whereas 8% (n = 8) were not. After DTG, 98/100 (98%) of patients were virologically suppressed at 6 months and 12 months. An increase in mean weight by 1.24 kg after 6 months (95% CI: 0.93–1.54, P <0.000) and 2.2 kg (95% CI: 1.67–2.72, P <0.000) after 1 year from baseline was noted. The increase in mean random blood sugar (RBS) was 6.22 mg% (95% CI: 2.51–9.92, P <0.000) at 6 months and 12.15 mg% (95% CI: 6.19–8.10, P<0.000) at 1 year of initiation of DTG. There were two cases where RBS >300 mg% after 1 year of DTG.

Conclusions:
Treatment with a DTG-based regimen in treatment-naïve PLHIV and/or switching from the previous antiretroviral therapy regimen to DTG based has good immunological response and high rates of viral suppression without major clinical adverse effects. Weight gain and hyperglycemia should be monitored in patients on DTG.