bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligent deep augmented model for detection of banana leaves diseases
Authors: Rehman Amjad , Abunadi Ibrahim , Alamri Faten S. , Ali Haider , Bahaj Saeed Ali , Saba Tanzila 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the most popular fruits worldwide is the banana. Accurate identification and categorization of banana diseases is essential for maintaining global fruits security and stakeholder profitability. Four different types of banana leaves exist Healthy, Cordana, Sigatoka, and Pestalotiopsis. These types can be analyzed using four types of vision: RGB, night vision, infrared vision, and thermal vision. This paper presents an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision. Each vision consisted of 1600 images with a size of (224 × 224). The training–testing approach was used to evaluate the performance of the hybrid model on Kaggle dataset, which was justified by various methods and metrics. The proposed model achieved a remarkable mean accuracy rate of 99.16% for RGB vision, 98.02% for night vision, 96.05% for infrared vision, and 96.10% for thermal vision for training and testing data. Microscopy employed in this research as a validation tool. The microscopic examination of leaves confirmed the presence and extent of the disease, providing ground truth data to validate and refine the proposed model.Research Highlights
The model can be helpful for internet of things ‐based drones to identify the large scale of banana leaf‐disease detection using drones for images acquisition.
Proposed an intelligent deep augmented learning model composed of VGG19 and passive aggressive classifier (PAC) to classify the four diseases types of bananas under each type of vision.
The model detected banana leaf disease with a 99.16% accuracy rate for RGB vision, 98.02% accuracy rate for night vision, 96.05% accuracy rate for infrared vision, and 96.10% accuracy rate for thermal vision
The model will provide a facility for early disease detection which minimizes crop loss, enhances crop quality, timely decision making, cost saving, risk mitigation, technology adoption, and helps in increasing the yield.
Adoptees' experiences of using direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing and determinants of this use: A mixed study in Quebec
Authors: Despax Johanna , Lacharité Carl , Bouteyre Evelyne 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdoptees' use of direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing (DTC‐GT) is known to raise both ethical and emotional issues, and it can also challenge their identity. The objective of the present study was to describe the experiences of DTC‐GT use among adoptees living in Quebec and to better understand the benefits and disadvantages of use. We adopted a mixed method approach whereby a questionnaire comprising standardized scales was administered to 143 adoptees who had used genetic testing and 40 adoptees who had not. Semi‐structured interviews were performed with five respondents from the DTC‐GT use group. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and integrated together using the Pillar Integration Process. The results highlighted familial reunion as the primary motivation for the use of DTC‐GT among responding adoptees. Reported challenges included needing help with results interpretation, as well as the need for autonomy in the ownership of the results. Participants describe not being particularly concerned by potential ethical issues, describing the benefits of the tests as more important than possible disadvantages. Overall, participants had a good experience of using DTC‐GT, and users were less anxious. Various factors associated with the use and experience of use were highlighted (age, psychological distress, community membership, etc.). The results from this study provide much‐needed information about adoptees' needs regarding DTC‐GT, highlight key risk factors, and introduces best practice recommendations so that adoptees are properly informed and supported when pursuing DTC‐GT.
Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms following collective violence: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Oppo Annalisa , Forresi Barbara , Barbieri Alice , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough collective violence represents a significant public health concern, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this topic, with no systematic reviews focusing on posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories. The present systematic review and meta‐analyses examined PTSS prevalence and trajectories after exposure to collective violence. A systematic literature search across six databases (APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles, PSYINDEX, MEDLINE, ERIC, and PubMed) identified 771 studies that were screened for the following eligibility criteria: exposure to collective violence, adult sample, longitudinal design, PTSS assessment using validated measures, PTSS trajectories estimated using latent growth modeling, and report sample prevalence rate for each trajectory. Ten studies met the criteria, and five meta‐analyses were performed to assess the overall prevalence of each trajectory. Most included studies (63.6%) identified four trajectories, characterized as low‐stable, high‐stable, decreasing, and delayed‐worsening. The low‐stable trajectory was the modal response, with a pooled prevalence of 58.0%, 95% CI [51.0, 65.0]. The high‐stable prevalence was 7.0%, 95% CI [4.0, 19.0]; the decreasing trajectory was 13%, 95% CI [9.0, 17.0]; and the delayed‐worsening trajectory was 8.0%, 95% CI [5.0, 10.0]. A fifth trajectory, moderately stable, had a prevalence of 19.0%, 95% CI [9.0, 29.0]. The trajectory models robustly identified clinically relevant patterns of response to collective violence, offering a contribution to the literature and a starting point for future research. Further studies are needed, as a better comprehension of symptom trajectories after collective violence events has important clinical and public health implications.
Single‐cell transcriptomics identifies aberrant glomerular angiogenic signalling in the early stages of WT1 kidney disease
Authors: Chandler Jennifer C , Jafree Daniyal J , Malik Saif , Pomeranz Gideon , Ball Mary , Kolatsi‐Joannou Maria , Piapi Alice , Mason William J , Benest Andrew V , Bates David O , Letunovska Aleksandra , Al‐Saadi Reem , Rabant Marion , Boyer Olivia , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Winyard Paul J , Mason Andrew S , Woolf Adrian S , Waters Aoife M , Long David A 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWT1 encodes a podocyte transcription factor whose variants can cause an untreatable glomerular disease in early childhood. Although WT1 regulates many podocyte genes, it is poorly understood which of them are initiators in disease and how they subsequently influence other cell‐types in the glomerulus. We hypothesised that this could be resolved using single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and ligand‐receptor analysis to profile glomerular cell–cell communication during the early stages of disease in mice harbouring an orthologous human mutation in WT1 (Wt1R394W/+). Podocytes were the most dysregulated cell‐type in the early stages of Wt1R394W/+ disease, with disrupted angiogenic signalling between podocytes and the endothelium, including the significant downregulation of transcripts for the vascular factors Vegfa and Nrp1. These signalling changes preceded glomerular endothelial cell loss in advancing disease, a feature also observed in biopsy samples from human WT1 glomerulopathies. Addition of conditioned medium from murine Wt1R394W/+ primary podocytes to wild‐type glomerular endothelial cells resulted in impaired endothelial looping and reduced vascular complexity. Despite the loss of key angiogenic molecules in Wt1R394W/+ podocytes, the pro‐vascular molecule adrenomedullin was upregulated in Wt1R394W/+ podocytes and plasma and its further administration was able to rescue the impaired looping observed when glomerular endothelium was exposed to Wt1R394W/+ podocyte medium. In comparative analyses, adrenomedullin upregulation was part of a common injury signature across multiple murine and human glomerular disease datasets, whilst other gene changes were unique to WT1 disease. Collectively, our study describes a novel role for altered angiogenic signalling in the initiation of WT1 glomerulopathy. We also identify adrenomedullin as a proangiogenic factor, which despite being upregulated in early injury, offers an insufficient protective response due to the wider milieu of dampened vascular signalling that results in endothelial cell loss in later disease. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Liquid Crystalline Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Orchestrate Hierarchical Bone‐Like Mineralization
Authors: Chen Jishizhan , Birchall Martin , MacRobert Alexander J. , Song Wenhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBone matrix exhibits exceptional mechanical properties due to its unique nanocomposite structure of type I collagen fibrils and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles in hierarchical liquid crystalline (LC) order. However, the regeneration mechanism of this LC structure is elusive. This study investigates the role of the LC structure of HAp nanorods in guiding aligned mineralization and its underlying molecular mechanism. A unidirectionally oriented LC phase of HAp nanorods is developed through engineering‐assisted self‐assembling. This is used to study the growth direction of long‐range aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) and calcium deposit formation during the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. It is found that 2 key regulatory genes, COL1A1 and COL4A6, lead to the formation of aligned ECM. Activation of the PI3K‐Akt pathway enhances osteogenesis and promotes ordered calcium deposits. This study provides evidence for elucidating the mechanism of LC‐induced ordered calcium deposition at hierarchical levels spanning from the molecular to macro‐scale, as well as the switch from ordered to disordered mineralization. These findings illuminate bone regeneration, contribute to the development of biomimetic artificial bone with long‐range ordered structures, and suggest a basis for therapeutic targeting of microstructure‐affected bone disorders and the broader field of cell‐ECM interactions.
Electrochemical detection of the cardiac biomarker cardiac troponin I
Authors: Qin Xiaoyun , Li Dongyang , Qin Xiaomei , Chen Fenghua , Guo Huishi , Gui Yanghai , Zhao Jianbo , Jiang Liying , Luo Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease‐related death. It is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease to receive an early diagnosis of AMI. The most popular technique for the early detection of AMI is the use of biosensors to monitor the concentration of pertinent biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in the blood. The electrochemical detection methods hold great promise because of their simplicity, miniaturization, ease of integration, high sensitivity, and rapid response. The prime motive of this review is to present a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of methodologies employed for the electrochemical approaches toward the detection of cTnI. A detailed summary is provided for the immunosensors, aptamer sensors, molecular imprinting sensors, and peptide sensors based on various affinity elements. We enumerate the modified electrode materials for electrochemical sensors as well as popular detection techniques. Furthermore, this paper reviews some recent significant advances in point‐of‐care assays for rapid, accurate detection of cTnI as a smart integrated device for home monitoring. The accumulation of knowledge about these functions will lead to new insights into and concepts for the design of portable miniature sensors for cardiovascular patients at risk of AMI. It is anticipated that the interdisciplinary collaboration can bring more enlightenment to the progress of cardiac biomarkers sensor in the future.
The Italian Agency for Development Cooperation in Jordan
Authors: Blasi Alessandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn Jordan, the conservation and valorization of cultural heritage plays an important role in enhancing social cohesion and enriching understanding of the past, in that it addresses the identity and integrity of sites of cultural and historical interest, and works towards valorizing living heritage assets. The rehabilitation of artefacts and heritage sites, as well as strategies directed at the conservation of the urban fabric, also indirectly impact livelihoods within local communities. These actions result in increasingly appealing assets, which then attract potential visitors. This, in turn, allows for profitable, visitor-oriented activities that can boost the tourist industry. Such socio-economic connectivity provides a foundation upon which the quality of life of local residents can be improved. In the long term, it can lead to an increase in inclusivity, in the response capacity of women and children to vulnerability, the adaptability of investments and, ultimately, the development of sustainable tourism policies and strategies, based on changes in consumer preferences, which would work to bolster recovery.
Heritage Preservation in Bamiyan: Achievements 2002–21
Authors: Bouchenaki Mounir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe contribution establishes the importance of the Florence conference on Cultural Heritage in Fragile Contexts. It firstly outlines the endeavors of various international organizations for the salvation of Bamiyan’s giant Buddha statues as well as other assets of cultural heritage in the spring of 2001 and the role of the author in these initiatives. Then, it illustrates the bodies instituted by UNESCO for the management of the Bamiyan World Heritage site, which have been resumed by the above mentioned conference in Florence. Finally, it underscores the relevance of enduring capacity building for the safeguarding of cultural heritage assets, especially in fragile contexts.
Unfinished Business: The Albanese Government and Gender Equality Policy (2022–?)
Authors: Johnson Carol 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Australian government policy but also provides relevant international examples. Labor’s Anthony Albanese came into office committed to making Australia a world leader in gender equality policy again. Labor pledged to complete some of the Gillard government’s agenda. The government has a particular focus on improving wages in, and training for, the “care economy”. Improving gender equality is also seen as beneficial for the economy in general. The government has made significant progress in areas such as pay equity, childcare, parental leave, housing for those fleeing domestic violence, skills and training. It is a social democratic framing that recognises issues of structural disadvantage and inequality and aimed to address them. However, the government has also been constrained by trying to bring in reforms in difficult economic times. Furthermore, the government has lacked imagination when it comes to challenging the limitations of a conventional social democratic policy framing. The experience of the Albanese government has useful lessons for governments internationally that are attempting to address the impacts of decades of neoliberalism on gender equality policy. The government also unsuccessfully tried to enshrine an innovative Indigenous Voice to parliament that would have included a gender equal representative structure.
SEZ Development in South Africa: A Case Study of Coega SEZ
Authors: Chongsheng Yang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper analyzes the major advantages and problems of Coega special economic zone (SEZ), the earliest and largest SEZ in South Africa, adopting the research method of a case study. The author observes and analyzes the three main participants in the development and construction of Coega SEZ, namely the government, SEZ operator (Coega Development Corporation), and SEZ enterprises, so as to clarify the attribution of the problems and provide suggestions. How the South African government at all levels understands and operates the SEZ would have a significant impact on the development of Coega, which is also the concern of investors. The multi-party system in South Africa has generated complicated partisan politics, in which different parties at all levels are formulated in the administrative system, subsequently leading to a cumbersome process of administrative procedures and policy implementation. Issues like overprotective labor laws for employees, aggressive labor unions, and frequent strikes will reduce enthusiasm from investors. In addition, deep-rooted poverty and educational plights in South Africa also reduce the competitiveness of the talent market to some extent. For the South African government and relevant authorities that are responsible for designing SEZ strategies for better development, the following issues should be their major concerns, including what the development paths of SEZs are, what roles and functions they can play at each stage of the development itself, as well as how they and the management committees can form complementary mechanisms so as to better serve zone enterprises and facilitate multiple interactions among enterprises, between enterprises and management committees, and between enterprises and government departments, eventually improving the core competitiveness and comparative advantages of Coega SEZ.
Key performance indicators and benchmarks in MCI prehospital response using technological tools: a qualitative study assessing the perception of practitioners and tool developers
Authors: Lamine Hamdi , Markou-Pappas Nikolaos , Ragazzoni Luca , Caviglia Marta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the opinions and perspectives of The Novel Integrated Toolkit for Enhanced Prehospital Life Support and Triage in Challenging and Large Emergencies (NIGHTINGALE) end-users and tool developers regarding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and benchmarks that assess the prehospital response to Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) enhanced by the NIT-MR.

Methods
A qualitative study employing focus group discussions was conducted to collect opinions and perspectives of end-users and tool developers regarding KPIs and benchmarks in MCI response using the NIT-MR. The criteria considered for the selection and distribution of participants within the groups was the nature of their involvement within the NIGHTINGALE project and their familiarity with the tools to be discussed.

Results
Thirty-one participants from different countries were included. Four themes emerged during data analysis which are: definition/explanation is the personal understanding of participants of the term KPI, process of KPI development and relationship with User Requirements is the decision process for assigning KPIs to user requirements, benchmarking is the mental process of associating a benchmark to a KPI or for developing a benchmark, and technical/medical gap is the gap of understanding between each sides’ fields.

Conclusion
This study emphasized the need for a structured approach to using KPIs and bridging the gap between technological and medical worlds, taking the NIGHTINGALE project, funded by the European Union, which aims to develop a technological toolkit for first responders in mass casualty incidents as an example. These insights are crucial for enhancing disaster response.
GRNN-based cascade ensemble model for non-destructive damage state identification: small data approach
Authors: Izonin Ivan , Kazantzi Athanasia K. , Tkachenko Roman , Mitoulis Stergios-Aristoteles 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Assessing the structural integrity of ageing structures that are affected by climate-induced stressors, challenges traditional engineering methods. The reason is that structural degradation often initiates and advances without any notable warning until visible severe damage or catastrophic failures occur. An example of this, is the conventional inspection methods for prestressed concrete bridges which fail to interpret large permanent deflections because the causes—typically tendon loss—are barely visible or measurable. In many occasions, traditional inspections fail to discern these latent defects and damage, leading to the need for expensive continuous structural health monitoring towards informed assessments to enable appropriate structural interventions. This is a capability gap that has led to fatalities and extensive losses because the operators have very little time to react. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel machine learning approach to inform a rapid non-destructive assessment of bridge damage states based on measurable structural deflections. First, a comprehensive training dataset is assembled by simulating various plausible bridge damage scenarios associated with different degrees and patterns of tendon losses, the integrity of which is vital for the health of bridge decks. Second, a novel General Regression Neural Network (GRNN)-based cascade ensemble model, tailored for predicting three interdependent output attributes using limited datasets, is developed. The proposed cascade model is optimised by utilising the differential evolution method. Modelling and validation were conducted for a real long-span bridge. The results confirm the efficacy of the proposed model in accurately identifying bridge damage states when compared to existing methods. The model developed demonstrates exceptional prediction accuracy and reliability, underscoring its practical value in non-destructive bridge damage assessment, which can facilitate effective restoration planning.
An experimental study on the applicability of acoustic emission to detection of lift-off state in gas foil bearings
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Majid , Kliemank Martin L. , Gühmann Clemens , Liebich Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGas foil bearings (GFBs) are fluid dynamic bearings with applications in high-speed lightweight machinery. One of the important parameters in GFBs is the lift-off speed. It indicates a speed above which there is no occurrence of dry friction and wear between the rotor and bearing, the so-called lift-off state. There are various techniques for determination of the lift-off state. However, they come with major limitations and complexities for use in real-world applications, especially in high-speed machinery. In recent years, monitoring the lift-off condition in journal bearings based on acoustic emissions (AE) has been investigated and shown to be suitable for this type of bearing. Nevertheless, its applicability to GFBs is yet not known, as there has been no practical investigation on AE signals in GFBs. In the present work, the applicability of AE measurements to detection of lift-off state in GFBs is explored experimentally based on previous studies on journal bearings. The results demonstrate that AE measurements are a potential alternative to conventional methods in determining the lift-off state in GFBs. The comparison between features of AE signals, measured at two different locations on the bearing, with the friction torque as the reference exhibits the applicability of AE measurements to detection of lift-off state.