bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision making by NICE: examining the influences of evidence, process and context
Authors: Cerri Karin H. , Knapp Martin , Fernandez Jose-Luis 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) provides guidance to the National Health Service (NHS) in England and Wales on funding and use of new technologies. This study examined the impact of evidence, process and context factors on NICE decisions in 2004–2009. A data set of NICE decisions pertaining to pharmaceutical technologies was created, including 32 variables extracted from published information. A three-category outcome variable was used, defined as the decision to ‘recommend’, ‘restrict’ or ‘not recommend’ a technology. With multinomial logistic regression, the relative contribution of explanatory variables on NICE decisions was assessed. A total of 65 technology appraisals (118 technologies) were analysed. Of the technologies, 27% were recommended, 58% were restricted and 14% were not recommended by NICE for NHS funding. The multinomial model showed significant associations (p ⩽ 0.10) between NICE outcome and four variables: (i) demonstration of statistical superiority of the primary endpoint in clinical trials by the appraised technology; (ii) the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER); (iii) the number of pharmaceuticals appraised within the same appraisal; and (iv) the appraisal year. Results confirm the value of a comprehensive and multivariate approach to understanding NICE decision making. New factors affecting NICE decision making were identified, including the effect of clinical superiority, and the effect of process and socio-economic factors.
Erratum: Microbiology of Lonar Lake and other soda lakes
Authors: Paul Antony Chakkiath , Kumaresan Deepak , Hunger Sindy , Drake Harold L , Murrell J Colin , Shouche Yogesh S 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2013) 7, 468–476; doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.137; published online 22 November 2012 Since the publication of this article, the authors have noticed a misprint, which occurs within the first parentheses of the first sentence of the introduction. The text within parentheses should read: ‘(&gt;10 g C m−2 d−1)’.
Development of Middle Stone Age innovation linked to rapid climate change
Authors: Ziegler Martin , Simon Margit H. , Hall Ian R. , Barker Stephen , Stringer Chris , Zahn Rainer 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe development of modernity in early human populations has been linked to pulsed phases of technological and behavioural innovation within the Middle Stone Age of South Africa. However, the trigger for these intermittent pulses of technological innovation is an enigma. Here we show that, contrary to some previous studies, the occurrence of innovation was tightly linked to abrupt climate change. Major innovational pulses occurred at times when South African climate changed rapidly towards more humid conditions, while northern sub-Saharan Africa experienced widespread droughts, as the Northern Hemisphere entered phases of extreme cooling. These millennial-scale teleconnections resulted from the bipolar seesaw behaviour of the Atlantic Ocean related to changes in the ocean circulation. These conditions led to humid pulses in South Africa and potentially to the creation of favourable environmental conditions. This strongly implies that innovational pulses of early modern human behaviour were climatically influenced and linked to the adoption of refugia.
PPIP5K1 modulates ligand competition between diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 for polyphosphoinositide-binding domains
Authors: Gokhale Nikhil A. , Zaremba Angelika , Janoshazi Agnes K. , Weaver Jeremy D. , Shears Stephen B. 
Published: May 2013

We describe new signalling consequences for PPIP5K1 (diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate kinase type 1)-mediated phosphorylation of InsP6 and 5-InsP7 to 1-InsP7 and InsP8. In NIH 3T3 cells, either hyperosmotic stress or receptor activation by PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) promoted translocation of PPIP5K1 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. The PBD1 (polyphosphoinositide-binding domain) in PPIP5K1 recapitulated that translocation. Mutagenesis of PBD1 to reduce affinity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 prevented translocation. Using surface plasmon resonance, we found that PBD1 association with vesicular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was inhibited by InsP6 and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. However, the inhibition by PPIP5K1 substrates (IC50: 5-InsP7=5 μM and InsP6=7 μM) was substantially more potent than that of the PPIP5K1 products (IC50: InsP8=32 μM and 1-InsP7=43 μM). This rank order of ligand competition with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 was also exhibited by the PH (pleckstrin homology) domains of Akt (also known as protein kinase B), GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositides 1) and SIN1 (stress-activated protein kinase-interaction protein 1). We propose that, in vivo, PH domain binding of InsP6 and 5-InsP7 suppresses inappropriate signalling (‘noise’) from stochastic increases in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. That restraint may be relieved by localized depletion of InsP6 and 5-InsP7 at the plasma membrane following PPIP5K1 recruitment. We tested this hypothesis in insulin-stimulated L6 myoblasts, using mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin)-mediated phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 as a readout for SIN1-mediated translocation of mTORC (mTOR complex) 2 to the plasma membrane [Zoncu, Efeyan and Sabatini (2011) Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 12, 21–35]. Knockdown of PPIP5K1 expression was associated with a 40% reduction in Ser473 phosphorylation. A common feature of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-based signalling cascades may be their regulation by PPIP5K1.
Specific Language Impairment and Executive Functioning: Parent and Teacher Ratings of Behavior
Authors: Wittke Kacie , Spaulding Tammie J. , Schechtman Calli J. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
The current study used the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Preschool Version (BRIEF–P; Gioia, Espy, & Isquith, 2003), a rating scale designed to investigate executive behaviors in everyday activities, to examine the executive functioning of preschool children with specific language impairment (SLI) relative to their typically developing (TD) peers.

Method
Nineteen preschool children with SLI were age- and gender-matched to 19 TD peers. Both parents and teachers of the participants completed the BRIEF–P.

Results
The executive functioning of children with SLI were rated significantly worse than those of controls by both parents and teachers. Adults' perceptions of the children's executive functioning significantly correlated with the children's language abilities.

Conclusion
Parent and teacher perceptions of executive functioning in children with SLI align with prior findings of executive deficits that have been documented on neuropsychological assessments and experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results provide additional supporting evidence of the relationship between language abilities and executive functioning in early child development.
Evidence-Based Clinical Voice Assessment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Roy Nelson , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie , Eadie Tanya , Sivasankar M. Preeti , Mehta Daryush , Paul Diane , Hillman Robert 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
To determine what research evidence exists to support the use of voice measures in the clinical assessment of patients with voice disorders.

Method
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) National Center for Evidence-Based Practice in Communication Disorders staff searched 29 databases for peer-reviewed English-language articles between January 1930 and April 2009 that included key words pertaining to objective and subjective voice measures, voice disorders, and diagnostic accuracy. The identified articles were systematically assessed by an ASHA-appointed committee employing a modification of the critical appraisal of diagnostic evidence rating system.

Results
One hundred articles met the search criteria. The majority of studies investigated acoustic measures (60%) and focused on how well a test method identified the presence or absence of a voice disorder (78%). Only 17 of the 100 articles were judged to contain adequate evidence for the measures studied to be formally considered for inclusion in clinical voice assessment.

Conclusion
Results provide evidence for selected acoustic, laryngeal imaging–based, auditory–perceptual, functional, and aerodynamic measures to be used as effective components in a clinical voice evaluation. However, there is clearly a pressing need for further high-quality research to produce sufficient evidence on which to recommend a comprehensive set of methods for a standard clinical voice evaluation.
Preschool Speech Error Patterns Predict Articulation and Phonological Awareness Outcomes in Children With Histories of Speech Sound Disorders
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Hull Margaret , Edwards Mary Louise 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
To determine if speech error patterns in preschoolers with speech sound disorders (SSDs) predict articulation and phonological awareness (PA) outcomes almost 4 years later.

Method
Twenty-five children with histories of preschool SSDs (and normal receptive language) were tested at an average age of 4;6 (years;months) and were followed up at age 8;3. The frequency of occurrence of preschool distortion errors, typical substitution and syllable structure errors, and atypical substitution and syllable structure errors was used to predict later speech sound production, PA, and literacy outcomes.

Results
Group averages revealed below-average school-age articulation scores and low-average PA but age-appropriate reading and spelling. Preschool speech error patterns were related to school-age outcomes. Children for whom >10% of their speech sound errors were atypical had lower PA and literacy scores at school age than children who produced <10% atypical errors. Preschoolers who produced more distortion errors were likely to have lower school-age articulation scores than preschoolers who produced fewer distortion errors.

Conclusion
Different preschool speech error patterns predict different school-age clinical outcomes. Many atypical speech sound errors in preschoolers may be indicative of weak phonological representations, leading to long-term PA weaknesses. Preschoolers' distortions may be resistant to change over time, leading to persisting speech sound production problems.
Acoustic Characteristics of Simulated Respiratory-Induced Vocal Tremor
Authors: Lester Rosemary A. , Story Brad H. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of respiratory forced oscillation to the acoustic characteristics of vocal tremor.

Method

Acoustical analyses were performed to determine the characteristics of the intensity and fundamental frequency (F
0
) for speech samples obtained by Farinella, Hixon, Hoit, Story, and Jones (2006) using a respiratory forced oscillation paradigm with 5 healthy adult males to simulate vocal tremor involving respiratory pressure modulation. The analyzed conditions were sustained productions of /a/ with amplitudes of applied pressure of 0, 1, 2, and 4 cmH
2
O and a rate of 5 Hz.

Results

Forced oscillation of the respiratory system produced modulation of the intensity and F
0
for all participants. Variability was observed between participants and conditions in the change in intensity and F
0
per unit of pressure change, as well as in the mean intensity and F
0
. However, the extent of modulation of intensity and F
0
generally increased as the applied pressure increased, as would be expected.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that individuals develop idiosyncratic adaptations to pressure modulations, which are important to understanding aspects of variability in vocal tremor, and highlight the need to assess all components of the speech mechanism that may be directly or indirectly affected by tremor.
Treatment of Proper Name Retrieval Deficits in an Individual With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Minkina Irene , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Grabowski Thomas J. , Silkes JoAnn P. , Phatak Vaishali , Kendall Diane L. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
Studies investigating language deficits in individuals with left temporal–lobe epilepsy have consistently demonstrated impairments in proper name retrieval. The aim of this Phase I rehabilitation study was to investigate the effects of a linguistically distributed word retrieval treatment on proper name retrieval in an individual with left temporal–lobe epilepsy.

Method
A 61-year old right-handed male with left temporal–lobe epilepsy (clinical onset at the age of 50) and a deficit in proper name retrieval participated in this study. A single-subject, repeated-probe ABAA design with testing before, immediately after, and 3 months after treatment completion was employed. Proper name retrieval treatment was administered 2 hr per day for 5 days.

Results
Results demonstrated improved naming on trained items and maintenance of trained items 3 months after treatment completion.

Conclusion
Treatment, which took advantage of the individual's undamaged linguistic networks, promoted the reorganization of networks supporting proper naming, leading to improved proper name retrieval. Further research replicating these findings in individuals with varying degrees of proper name retrieval impairment is warranted. Additionally, the mechanism behind the observed improvements in proper name retrieval needs to be investigated further using functional neuroimaging.
Suppression and Narrative Time Shifts in Adults With Right-Hemisphere Brain Damage
Authors: Scharp Victoria L. , Tompkins Connie A. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis study examined the functioning of a central comprehension mechanism, suppression, in adults with right-hemisphere damage (RHD) while they processed narratives that cued a shift in time frame. In normal language comprehension, mental activation of concepts from a prior time frame is suppressed. The (re)activation of information following a time frame shift was also assessed.MethodTwenty adults (12 RHD; 8 non brain–damaged) completed a speeded word recognition task while listening to narratives in 2 conditions: shift (“an hour later”) and no shift (“a moment later”).ResultsThere was no group difference in suppression for response time proportion data (shift/no shift), but cluster analyses identified a suppression deficit in 8 of the adults with RHD. There was overlap in suppression function at the narrative and lexical levels. The group with RHD was significantly delayed in mentally (re)activating new information after a time shift cue.ConclusionResults underscore the generality of suppression functioning in adults with RHD. As such, treatment for a suppression deficit at one level may generalize to another level. An apparent independence of suppression and activation deficits suggests that each may need separate treatment. A better understanding of the nature and boundary conditions of suppression and activation deficits should better inform clinical decisions.
An Aphasia Mentoring Program: Perspectives of Speech-Language Pathology Students and of Mentors With Aphasia
Authors: Purves Barbara A. , Petersen Jill , Puurveen Gloria 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
In contrast to clinician-as-expert models, social models of clinical practice typically acknowledge people with aphasia as equal partners in intervention. Given this, there may be a place within speech-language pathology education for programs situating people with aphasia as experts. This paper describes an aphasia mentoring program that was implemented as part of a speech-language pathology graduate program.

Method
Qualitative research methods with thematic analysis of interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, and participant observation were used to develop a description of the mentoring program, including the experiences and perspectives of the participants—both mentors (people with chronic aphasia) and students.

Results

Five themes, including
getting better, aphasia advocacy, group
as
versus
for
therapy, we're a team
, and
focus on mentoring
, emerged from the mentors' data. Five themes, including
shifting the power dynamic, getting to know the person, seeing members as mentors, making classroom learning real
, and
connecting with a community
, emerged from the students' data. There were significant overlaps and intersections between the 2 data sets.

Conclusion
Findings revealed how an aphasia mentoring program that positions people with aphasia as experts can make a significant contribution to student education while supporting mentors' own goals, with implications for improved quality of life.
Nonlinguistic Learning in Individuals With Aphasia: Effects of Training Method and Stimulus Characteristics
Authors: Vallila-Rohter Sofia , Kiran Swathi 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the current study was to explore nonlinguistic learning ability in individuals with aphasia, examining the impact of stimulus typicality and feedback on success with learning.MethodEighteen individuals with aphasia and 8 nonaphasic controls participated in this study. All participants completed 4 computerized, nonlinguistic category-learning tasks. Learning ability was probed under 2 methods of instruction: feedback-based (FB) and paired-associate (PA). The impact of task complexity on learning ability was also examined, comparing 2 stimulus conditions: typical and atypical. Performance was compared between groups and across conditions.ResultsThe controls were able to successfully learn categories under all conditions. For the individuals with aphasia, 2 patterns of performance arose: One subgroup of individuals was able to maintain learning across task manipulations and conditions; the other subgroup demonstrated a sensitivity to task complexity, learning successfully only in the typical training conditions.ConclusionResults support the hypothesis that impairments of general learning are present in individuals with aphasia. Some individuals demonstrated the ability to extract category information under complex training conditions; others learned only under conditions that were simplified and that emphasized salient category features. Overall, the typical training condition facilitated learning for all of the participants. Findings have implications for treatment, which are discussed.
Evaluation of Attention Training and Metacognitive Facilitation to Improve Reading Comprehension in Aphasia
Authors: Lee Jaime B. , Sohlberg McKay Moore 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
This pilot study investigated the impact of direct attention training combined with metacognitive facilitation on reading comprehension in individuals with aphasia.

Method
A single-subject, multiple baseline design was employed across 4 participants to evaluate potential changes in reading comprehension resulting from an 8-week intervention using Attention Process Training—3 (APT–3). The primary outcome measure was a maze reading task. Pre- and posttesting included attention and reading comprehension measures. Visual inspection of graphed performance data across conditions was used as the primary method of analysis. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for changes in reading comprehension probes from baseline to maintenance phases.

Results
Two of the study's 4 participants demonstrated improvements in maze reading, with corresponding effect sizes that were small in magnitude according to benchmarks for aphasia treatment research. All 4 participants made improvements on select standardized measures of attention.

Conclusion
Interventions that include a metacognitive component with direct attention training may elicit improvements in participants' attention and allocation of resources. Maze passage reading is a repeated measure that appears sensitive to treatment-related changes in reading comprehension. Issues for future research related to measurement, candidacy, and clinical delivery are discussed.
High-frequency annular array with coaxial illumination for dual-modality ultrasonic and photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Filoux Erwan , Sampathkumar Ashwin , Chitnis Parag V. , Aristizábal Orlando , Ketterling Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a combined ultrasound and photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) system used to obtain high-quality, co-registered images of mouse-embryo anatomy and vasculature. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU, &gt;20 MHz) is utilized to obtain high-resolution anatomical images of small animals while PAI provides high-contrast images of the vascular network. The imaging system is based on a 40 MHz, 5-element, 6 mm aperture annular-array transducer with a 800 μm diameter hole through its central element. The transducer was integrated in a cage-plate assembly allowing for a collimated laser beam to pass through the hole so that the optical and acoustic beams were collinear. The assembly was mounted on a two-axis, motorized stage to enable the simultaneous acquisition of co-registered HFU and PA volumetric data. Data were collected from all five elements in receive and a synthetic-focusing algorithm was applied in post-processing to beamform the data and increase the spatial resolution and depth-of-field (DOF) of the HFU and PA images. Phantom measurements showed that the system could achieve high-resolution images (down to 90 μm for HFU and 150 μm for PAI) and a large DOF of &gt;8 mm. Volume renderings of a mouse embryo showed that the scanner allowed for visualizing morphologically precise anatomy of the entire embryo along with corresponding co-registered vasculature. Major head vessels, such as the superior sagittal sinus or rostral vein, were clearly identified as well as limb bud vasculature.
Empirical modelling of benthic species distribution, abundance, and diversity in the Baltic Sea: evaluating the scope for predictive mapping using different modelling approaches
Authors: Bučas M. , Bergström U. , Downie A-L. , Sundblad G. , Gullström M. , von Numers M. , Šiaulys A. , Lindegarth M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBučas, M., Bergström, U., Downie, A-L., Sundblad, G., Gullström, M., von Numers, M., Šiaulys, A., and Lindegarth, M. 2013. Empirical modelling of benthic species distribution, abundance, and diversity in the Baltic Sea: evaluating the scope for predictive mapping using different modelling approaches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1233–1243. The predictive performance of distribution models of common benthic species in the Baltic Sea was compared using four non-linear methods: generalized additive models (GAMs), multivariate adaptive regression splines, random forest (RF), and maximum entropy modelling (MAXENT). The effects of data traits were also tested. In total, 292 occurrence models and 204 quantitative (abundance and diversity) models were assessed. The main conclusions are that (i) the spatial distribution, abundance, and diversity of benthic species in the Baltic Sea can be successfully predicted using several non-linear predictive modelling techniques; (ii) RF was the most accurate method for both models, closely followed by GAM and MAXENT; (iii) correlation coefficients of predictive performance among the modelling techniques were relatively low, suggesting that the performance of methods is related to specific responses; (iv) the differences in predictive performance among the modelling methods could only partly be explained by data traits; (v) the response prevalence was the most important explanatory variable for predictive accuracy of GAM and MAXENT on occurrence data; (vi) RF on the occurrence data was the only method sensitive to sampling density; (vii) a higher predictive accuracy of abundance models could be achieved by reducing variance in the response data and increasing the sample size.
Perioperative Management of Coagulation in Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Degos Vincent , Westbroek Erick M. , Lawton Michael T. , Hemphill J. Claude , del Zoppo Gregory J. , Young William L. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
This commentary seeks to clarify the recommendations and highlight the debate regarding the perioperative management of hemostasis in intracerebral hemorrhage.