bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary protein level influences growth, adult emergence, and susceptibility to bacterial infection in Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae
Authors: Shah P.N. , Hemerik L. , Dicke M. , van Loon J.J.A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The larvae of the black soldier fly (BSFL), Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), are grown on diverse residual organic matter that differ in their protein content and contain a plethora of microorganisms. The effect of dietary protein level on the interaction of BSFL with entomopathogenic bacteria remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of dietary protein level on BSFL growth, uric acid accumulation, and adult emergence and the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction between BSFL and the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas protegens Pf-5. We formulated three experimental diets in which digestible carbohydrate content was maintained at 50% of dry matter (DM), and crude protein was included at either 10% (low protein), 22.5% (medium protein), or 35% (high protein) DM, respectively. The influence of these diets on larval biomass, accumulation of uric acid in the larval hindgut, and subsequent adult emergence were recorded. In addition, the survival of BSFL fed on these diets was monitored for 64 hours after injection with an LD50 dose (1 μl of 2.5 × 103 CFU/ml) of P. protegens Pf-5. The biomass of 5-day-old larvae grown on a low-protein diet was higher than that of larvae grown on a high-protein diet. However, no such difference in biomass was observed in 8-day-old larvae. The amount of uric acid in the hindgut of larvae fed on high protein was three-fold and two-fold higher than larvae fed on low- and medium-protein diets, respectively. Adult emergence on a high-protein diet was significantly reduced and delayed compared to low- and medium-protein diets. BSFL fed a high-protein diet displayed significantly lower survival after infection with P. protegens Pf-5 than those fed a low-protein diet. Overall, feeding a high-protein diet reduced adult emergence and combined with infection with a Gram-negative bacterium survival of BSF larvae was strongly reduced.
Exploring edible insects as feed in the UK: current challenges and future prospects
Authors: Tiwasing P. , Pate L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Edible insects are gaining attention within the UK’s feed industry, driven by their environmental and nutritional advantages. However, the UK insect sector is still relatively new. Therefore, this study aims to explore the primary challenges and opportunities faced by insect farmers, insect-related businesses, and feed operators in the UK, with the goal of formulating strategic plans to foster the growth of the insect sector. Ten in-depth interviews from key stakeholders highlight the several benefits of insect-based feed including contributing to the circular economy, advancing value-added product development, and enhancing livestock welfare. Despite these advantages, obstacles like limited research, ambiguous regulations, production constraints, and public acceptance concerns hinder progress. The study recommends strategic solutions involving tailored regulations, financial incentives, industry collaboration, awareness campaigns, and research investments. Implementing these strategies holds the potential to nurture the expansion of UK’s insect farming industry, bolstering sustainable agri-food systems, resource efficiency, and environmental consciousness.
The United States Announcement on Extended Continental Shelf Outer Limits: Implications for the Asia-Pacific?
Authors: Schofield Clive , Bernard Leonardo , Arsana I Made Andi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On 19 December 2023, the United States Department of State issued an Announcement concerning the outer limits of the continental shelf in areas beyond 200 nautical miles (M) of the coast (the U.S. Announcement), three of which are in the Asia-Pacific region. This article provides the spatial scope of the areas within the limits of the U.S. continental shelf beyond 200 M located in the Asia-Pacific region and examines the implications of the U.S. Announcement for the entitlement of continental shelf beyond 200 M of other Asia-Pacific States. The article briefly describes the requirement for establishing the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 M in keeping with Article 76 of the 1982 United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea (unclos). The U.S. Extended Continental Shelf Project is then described before the legal issues arising for a non-State Party to unclos are discussed.
Towards an Integrated Legal Regime for Data and Sample Regulation under China’s Deep Seabed Mining Law
Authors: Shen Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
China enacted its Deep Seabed Mining Law in 2016 and promulgated the provisional measures for deep-sea data and sample management under Article 18 of the Deep Seabed Mining Law in 2017. After the institutional reforms in 2018, China entered a new era of ocean governance. This article presents a critical assessment of the provisional measures issued by the former State Oceanic Administration and proposes recommendations for the revisions of the provisional measures. Part one of this article introduces the background and briefly describes the purpose of this article. Part two provides an overview of the provisional measures for deep-sea data and sample management. Part three delivers a critical analysis of these provisional measures, demonstrating the flaws that the current provisional measures suffer. Part four proposes recommendations for the revision of the provisional measures, suggesting that an integrated data and sample management measure with a higher legal hierarchy should be promulgated by the Ministry of Natural Resources and that a streamlined regulatory framework for deep-sea data and sample management should be adopted.
Chrysippus, the Dynamically True and Modality
Authors: Connelly Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How can events in part of the Stoic cosmos be contingent, when all events are necessary? Why does Chrysippus hold that the impossible may flow from the possible, or that while it is possible Dion die, ‘this person be dead’ is impossible. This article constructs a naïve model of Stoic modality in which truth evaluations are grounded in spatial location and motion. This is shown to provide a best fit for the Stoic doctrine, generating the six events which Chrysippus groups into the four Stoic modal categories, and explaining why the Stoics espoused doctrines attacked as contradictory by their opponents.
The Great Breach: Populism and the Undermining of the Public Sphere with the Logic of the Private One
Authors: Duina Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
What can explain the remarkable electoral successes of populist leaders across the world in the last two decades? This article contributes to the growing research on possible answers by proposing a new perspective. Modern societies have long featured, and largely benefited from, a split between the private and public spheres. Each sphere has functioned according to its own logic. Populist leaders have attacked and delegitimized the public sphere by destabilizing it with the logic of the private one. Since large numbers of citizens have increasingly felt left behind by the public sphere and unable to make their voices heard, they have seen in populist leaders daring representatives of the thoughts and emotions that they have for too long been unable to express openly. This explains their visceral and emotional attachment to those leaders, and their votes at the polls. Evidence comes from some of the most important cases of populist leaders across the world. The paper concludes with reflections on who in society can actually assume the roles of populist leaders, and on the consequences of such a breach of the public sphere for the functioning of the political system.
Promising Young Women and the White Noise of Patriarchy
Authors: Marso Lori J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Noticing that, in The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir deftly describes patriarchy as a male sensorium encompassing vision, smell, touch, taste, and sound, this article focuses on the way feminist directors utilize sound in film and television. Three examples—Chantal Akerman’s 1968 Blow Up My Town, Emerald Fennell’s 2020 Promising Young Woman, and Michaela Coel’s 2020 I May Destroy You—show how feminist media showcases the white noise of patriarchy to reorient the ears of its audience to hear the way feminists do.
Inter-textual Unity in Quranic Hermeneutics: Naẓm/Munāsaba, al-Ǧišumī’s Philological Theory and Its Influence on Qurʾanic Exegesis
Authors: al-Salimi Abdulrahman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The recent publication of a new edition of the Qurʾanic exegesis al-Tahḏīb fī ʾl-Tafsīr by al-Ḥākim al-Ǧišumī (d. 494/1101) highlights the topic of naẓm (coherence/consistency/order/ correspondence) as a subject essential to understanding the concept of iʿǧāz al-Qurʾān, the uniqueness of the Qurʾanic text, which is central to conceiving its early exegesis. The present article investigates al-Ǧišumī’s theory of naẓm in the Qur’ ān, while attempting to distinguish his theory from that of his contemporary al-Ǧurǧānī (d. 471/1074). In this article, we compile evidence of al-Ǧišumī’s novel philological theory and offer a broader historical evaluation of the concept of naẓm among Qurʾanic exegetes. Finally, this article examines for the first time how to take account of al-Ǧišumī’s methodology in our understanding of the conceptual structure of the Qurʾanic corpus. While the main focus of this article is on al-Ǧišumī’s approach to the theory of naẓm, it also considers the theory in a wider context. Moreover, although it touches on al-Ǧurǧānī’s views on naẓm, it does not discuss him in any detail, particularly since his ideas have already been examined extensively in numerous other books and academic papers.
Risks and Rewards of Using the TLG for Editing Greek Texts
Authors: Signes Codoñer Juan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This contribution considers the limitations of, and the possibilities afforded by, the searching programmes of the Thesaurus Linguae Graecae for editing Greek texts and, particularly, for the establishment of the apparatus fontium. Particular attention is given to the N-grams tool. In addition to some general impressions, the tenth-century historical compilation known as the Theophanes Continuatus, preserved in the manuscript Vat. gr. 167, provides examples for discussion. Specific passages are commented upon to make the argument clear.
Paper Travellers
Authors: Pérez Gallardo Helena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Gabinetto della Grafica of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana preserves an album with views of Rome and Naples and reproductions of sculpture. From these, we make new attributions of the authorship of photographs, completing the catalogue of the work of such important authors as James Anderson, Michael Mang, Tommaso Cuccioni, Robert Rive, Giorgio Sommer and Giuseppe Ninci. We also reflect on the commercial dynamics of photographic firms in the nineteenth century and their important role in the consolidation of models and methodologies that served, from then on, for the construction of histories of architecture and art.
Critical Symposium on Christoforos Bouzanis, Social Imaginary and the Metaphysical Discourse (Abingdon: Routledge, 2023)
Authors: Outhwaite William 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This is a contribution to a critical symposium on Christoforos Bouzanis, Social Imaginary and the Metaphysical Discourse (Abingdon: Routledge, 2023). It welcomes the author’s discussion of social imag(in)aries, while questioning some aspects of it.
A Social Europe without a Social Conscience
Authors: Vella Mary Grace 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Founded on the underlying principles of equality, solidarity and cohesion, with economic growth envisioned as a vehicle to social well-being, Europe has emerged as a significant competitor in the global economy. Despite the subsidiarity principle, member states’ social protection systems are increasingly being driven by the European neoliberal agenda. Malta is no exception: its socialist welfare regime, based on strong government interventions and universal provision, has progressively given way to a more regulated, privatised and means-tested model. The globalisation–inequality–social protection nexus suggests that Malta’s high GDP growth and widening inequalities are not reflected in a reciprocal outlay in social protection expenditure. In a context where the social well-being of all is increasingly becoming subordinated to the economic well-being of the few, one questions to what extent the social model has remained a fundamental pillar of the EU and whether, through Europeanisation, Malta is concomitantly losing its social conscience.
The Regime of Enclosed or Semi-Enclosed Seas with Special Regard for the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Scovazzi Tullio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
unclos Part xi, relating to “enclosed or semi-enclosed” seas, is composed of only two provisions. Art. 122 provides for a definition that lends itself to some perplexities from the logical and terminological point of view. Art. 123 invites the States bordering such seas to coordinate their activities in certain subject matters, namely fisheries, protection of the marine environment and scientific research. In fact, Art. 123 invites bordering States to do something that, in most cases, is already mandatory under other unclos provisions. The poor substantive content of Part ix may be explained considering that it is a compromise result between the position of those States that proposed a special regime for enclosed or semi-enclosed seas and those that preferred to avoid the creation of a new category of seas. While the purpose of Art. 123 is only “promotional”, States bordering some enclosed or semi-enclosed seas have already put in place various forms of regional co-operation. This is the case of cooperation established in the Mediterranean Sea in the fields of protection of the environment (so-called Barcelona Convention system and accobams) and fisheries (General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean). Gaps remain in other fields, such as the protection of underwater cultural heritage, and some questions relating to navigation in certain environmentally sensitive areas still need to be addressed at the world level.
The Right to Water as a Shaping Force in International Economic Law
Authors: Th Müller Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While the road leading to the recognition of a human right to water has been rather bumpy, it has nonetheless had a significant impact on international economic law. It operates as a shaping force in international trade law and international investment law as the two main branches of international economic law by incremental change rather than radical transformation. Against this background, the present article seeks to identify where and by virtue of what mechanisms one may expect the most profound and lasting changes in and to international economic law under the impact of the human right to water.
Climate Change, Human Rights, and Private Capital: The Obligation of States to Close the Climate Investment Gap
Authors: Scheu Julian , Wettstein Eva-Maria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Climate change affects humanity in many ways, such as rising sea levels, water shortages, agricultural droughts, and the displacement of people. Thus, climate change threatens the enjoyment of human rights. States must therefore put in place effective mitigation and adaptation measures to combat climate change. But since no public budget can finance those transformation efforts, combatting climate change requires large sums of private capital. However, the international community has identified a multi-trillion dollar ‘climate investment gap’. Against this backdrop, the present contribution argues that international human rights obligations call on states to urgently redirect private investment flows into climate mitigation and adaptation measures. The existence of such an obligation and its impact on concrete policy decisions is then illustrated by three practical examples: the announced withdrawal of European states from the Energy Charter Treaty, Austria’s windfall tax on energy profits, and the US Inflation Reduction Act.
Sanctions against Individuals and Investment Law
Authors: Magnússon Finnur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The surge in international sanctions following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 marks a new development in international law in general and international investment law in particular. This article examines this recent development and the interplay between international sanctions and international investment law. Furthermore, the article discusses whether investment tribunals will rely on WTO jurisprudence when applying ‘essential security’ provisions in individual cases. By providing an examination of sanctions laws in the context of international investment law, the article highlights the complex dynamic between the right of states to limit investments on the basis of national security vis-á-vis the right of investors to enjoy investment protection as prescribed in numerous International Investment Agreements (IIAs).
Modeling Nonspherical Hailstones
Authors: Lin Yuzhu , Kumjian Matthew R. , Soderholm Joshua , Giammanco Ian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hail research and forecasting models necessarily involve explicit or implicit—and uncertain—physical assumptions regarding hailstones’ shape, tumbling behavior, fall speed, and thermal energy transfer. Whereas most models assume spherical hailstones, we relax this assumption by using hailstone shape data from field observations to establish empirical size–shape relationships with reasonable degrees of randomness considering hailstones’ natural shape variability, capturing the observed distribution of triaxial ellipsoidal shapes. We also incorporate explicit, random tumbling of individual hailstones during their growth to simulate their free-falling behavior and the resultant changes in cross-sectional area (which affects growth by hydrometeor collection). These physical attributes are incorporated in calculating hailstones’ fall speeds, using either empirical relationships or analytical relationships based on each hailstone’s Best and Reynolds numbers. Options for drag coefficient modification are added to emulate hailstones’ rough surfaces (lobes), which then modifies their thermal energy and vapor exchange with the environment. We investigate how applying these physical assumptions about nonspherical hail to the Penn State hail growth trajectory model, coupled with Cloud Model 1 supercell simulations, impacts hail production and examine the reasons behind the resulting variability in hail statistics. The choice of hailstone size–mass relation and fall speed scheme have the strongest influence on hail sizes. Using nonspherical, tumbling hailstones reduces the number of large hailstones produced. Applying shape-specific thermal energy transfer coefficients subtly increases sizes; the effects of lobes vary depending on the fall speed scheme used. These physical assumptions, although adding complexity to modeling, can be parameterized efficiently and potentially used in microphysics schemes.

Significance Statement
In numerical modeling of hailstorms, we usually consider hailstones to be spherical to simplify calculations, but in nature, hailstones generally are not spheres and can be rather lumpy and have spikes. The purpose of this study is to examine how the model result would change when nonspherical hailstone shape is implemented. We examine the relationship between hailstone shape and physical processes during hail growth in effort to explain why these changes occur and offer insights on how nonspherical hailstone shape may be parameterized in bulk microphysics schemes.
Statistical Postprocessing of Week-1 and Week-2 Precipitation Forecasts over Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hui-Ling , Toth Zoltan , Chou Shih-Chun , Feng Chih-Yung , Lin Han-Fang , Lin Pay-Liam , Hong Jing-Shan , Fong Chin-Tzu , Cheng Chia-Ping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The predictability of precipitation is hindered by finer-scale processes not captured explicitly in global numerical models, such as convective interactions, cloud microphysics, and boundary layer dynamics. However, there is growing demand across various sectors for medium- (3–10-day) and extended-range (10–30-day) quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) and probabilistic QPFs (PQPFs). This study uses a novel statistical postprocessing technique, APPM, that combines analog postprocessing (AP) with probability matching (PM) to produce week-1 and week-2 accumulated precipitation forecasts over Taiwan. AP searches for historical predictions that closely resemble the current forecast and create an AP ensemble using the observed high-resolution precipitation patterns corresponding to these forecast analogs. Frequency counting and PM are then separately applied to the AP ensemble to produce calibrated and downscaled PQPFs and bias-reduced QPFs, respectively. Evaluation over a 22-yr (1999–2020) period shows that raw ensemble forecasts from the GEFS of NOAA/NWS/Environmental Modeling Center, collected for the subseasonal experiment, are underdispersive with a wet bias. In contrast, the AP ensemble spread well represents forecast uncertainty, leading to substantially more reliable and skillful probabilistic forecasts. Furthermore, the AP-based PQPF demonstrates superior discrimination ability and yields notably greater economic benefits for a wider range of users, with the maximum economic value increasing by 30%–50% for the week-2 forecast. Compared to the raw ensemble mean forecast, the calibrated QPF exhibits lower mean absolute error and explains 3–8 times more variance in observations. Overall, the APPM technique significantly improves week-1 and week-2 QPFs and PQPFs over Taiwan.

Significance Statement
There are two significant challenges in improving precipitation forecasts beyond a few days in Taiwan. First, large-scale numerical models often struggle with accurately predicting precipitation locations, magnitudes, and providing sufficient detail. Second, probabilistic precipitation forecasts have been unreliable, failing to convey accurate uncertainty information to users. In response to these challenges, this study has developed a relatively simple yet effective technique that corrects the spatiotemporal distribution of predicted precipitation and downscales the forecasts from a 1° to 1-km spatial resolution. Our results demonstrate that this technique significantly alleviates these two issues, resulting in more accurate precipitation forecasts and more reliable probabilistic precipitation forecasts within a 2-week timeframe.