bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of mandibular asymmetry among orthodontists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons, and laypersons
Authors: Tayyebi Kamyar , Arab Sepideh , Razmara Farnoosh , Geramy Allahyar , Kharazifard Mohammad Javad , Kamali Elaheh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Facial asymmetry is one reason orthodontic patients seek treatment. This study assessed the effect of mandibular asymmetry on facial esthetics and treatment needs perceived by laypersons, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons.

Materials and Method:
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the frontal image of a model was captured and symmetrized from the facial midline using Adobe Photoshop software. The mandible was rotated 0°–8° with 1° intervals. Images were presented to 41 laypersons, 39 orthodontists, and 29 surgeons using an online questionnaire. The observers rated each image’s esthetics with a 0–100 Visual Analog Scale and determined their treatment need by choosing one of the following three choices: No need for treatment, needs treatment, acceptable, but better to be treated. Analysis of variance for repeated measurements model. The regression method, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, was used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was set as P < 0.05.

Results:
The images with 0° and 1° rotation received the highest esthetic rates among all three groups, while the images with 8° rotation were the least attractive ones. Furthermore, the image esthetic ratings significantly affected their treatment need. Mandibular asymmetry diagnosis threshold was 1° for orthodontists, and 3° for both laypersons and surgeons. The treatment need threshold was 5°, 6°, and 7° for surgeons, orthodontists, and laypersons, respectively.

Conclusion:
The esthetics of images decreased when mandibular asymmetry increased. Treatment need was also related to increased asymmetry. Orthodontists were the most sensitive group in diagnosis, while surgeons were the most sensitive ones when it came to treatment.
The impact of obesity on the outcome of periodontal disease treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Paranhos Klenise , Oliveira Simone , Bonato Rafael , Niknami Neda , Vinayak Shalin , Loomer Peter 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Obesity and periodontitis are two commonly occurring disorders that affect a considerable amount of the world’s population. Several studies have mentioned that there may be a link between the two. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine whether there was a difference in response to nonsurgical periodontal therapies (NSPTs) between obese and nonobese individuals.

Materials and Methods:
An online search was assembled with a combination of Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text words of the literature published up to December 2020, to identify interventional studies limited to an adult human population. Titles, abstracts, and finally full texts were scrutinized for possible inclusion by two independent investigators. Reduction in periodontal pocket depth was the primary parameter used to assess the outcome of NSPT.

Results:
The primary search yielded 639 significant titles and abstracts. After filtering, data extraction, and quality assessment, 34 full-text studies were selected. All studies matching inclusion criteria, suggest a positive association between obesity and periodontal disease.

Conclusion:
Although a possible correlation exists between periodontitis and obesity, as with other oral-systemic disease implications, some controversy exists. While some studies have reported a distinct correlation between periodontitis and obesity, other papers have suggested only moderate or no association between the two conditions at all. These results advise of a difference between response to NSPT amid obese and nonobese individuals. However, with few quality studies and variable reported findings, there is limited evidence of any significant difference in clinical practice. However, it can be a positive warning that obesity is a risk factor toward the outcome of periodontal disease treatment.
Effect of conventionally fabricated and three-dimensional printed provisional restorations on hard and soft peri-implant tissues in the mandibular posterior region: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kaushik Smriti , Rathee Manu , Jain Prachi , Malik Sanju , Agarkar Vipul , Alam Maqbul 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The purpose of this study was to conduct a randomized controlled clinical trial to compare and evaluate the effect of provisional restorations fabricated by two techniques, namely, conventional and three-dimensional (3D) printing processes on the peri-implant hard and soft tissues over early nonfunctional loaded implants in the mandibular posterior region.

Materials and Methods:
A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted across 24 subjects broadly divided into two groups with 12 dental implants each, i.e., GpIC with conventionally fabricated provisional restoration and GpIID with 3D printed fabricated provisional restoration. The prosthetic phase was carried out at 2 weeks, and subjects were evaluated at baseline (at the time of prosthesis placement), 2 months, and 4 months for peri-implant marginal bone level, mucosal suppuration, sulcular probing depth, and modified sulcular bleeding index. Patient satisfaction was assessed using 5-item questionnaires at 4 months. The intragroup comparison for all the data was done using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The intergroup comparison for all the data was done using Mann–Whitney U-test. The comparison of frequency of responses between GpIC and GpIID was done using Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
Nonsignificant difference was observed in all the hard and soft tissue parameters between the groups at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months (P > 0.05). Improvement in bleeding on probing was found to be greater around dental implants restored with 3D printed provisional restoration than dental implants restored with conventionally fabricated provisional restoration from baseline to 4 months of follow-up, and the difference in finding was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a statistically nonsignificant difference seen for the frequencies between the groups (P > 0.05) for all questions related to patient satisfaction.

Conclusion:
The effect of conventionally fabricated and 3D printed provisional restorations on peri-implant hard and soft tissues was comparable to each other on an early nonfunctionally loaded implant in the mandibular posterior region.
Effects of probiotic yogurt, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, and xylitol chewing gums on the salivary count of Streptococcus mutans: A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Dehghani Tafti Samira , Parisay Iman , Mehrabkhani Maryam , Sabbagh Sedigheh , Seddigh Sadaf , Ghazvini Kiarash , Daghestani Naeemeh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental caries is a preventable multifactorial disease, with Streptococcus mutans being suggested to be its primary pathogen. Our study aim was to compare the effects of three different low-cost and easy-to-use regimens with that of the gold standard (chlorhexidine [CHX] mouthwash) on the count of salivary S. mutans in dental students over 30 days.

Materials and Methods:
In this single-blinded parallel randomized controlled clinical trial, a total of 120 dental students were included and randomly allocated into four intervention groups: (1) CHX mouthwash (control(, (2) probiotic yogurt, (3) casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate chewing gum, and (4) xylitol chewing gum. Salivary S. mutans counts were evaluated at baseline, 15 days, and 30 days after initiation of the study and compared at different times and among different groups using the repeated measures analysis of variance design analysis and least significant difference test with SPSS software version 20. The level of significance was determined to be 0.05.

Results:
The microorganism count variable at baseline, first, and second follow-ups was significantly different for all groups except the probiotic yogurt group (P = 0.340). S. mutans count was significantly different when comparing the first follow-up and baseline values in the CHX and xylitol gum groups (P = 0.027, P = 0.037). When comparing the second follow-up with baseline values, a significant difference was observed in the xylitol gum group (P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
Xylitol chewing gum seems to be a viable alternative to the gold standard (CHX mouthwash) in reducing the salivary count of S. mutans.
Efficacy of topical curcuma longa in the healing of extraction sockets: A split-mouth clinical trial
Authors: Pandya Kalpa , Abbinayah Devee , Selvakumar Deepshika , Jayakumar Naveen 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The healing process after dental extraction is influenced by various factors, and finding effective strategies for promoting wound healing and reducing postoperative discomfort remains a challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical Curcuma longa gel in reducing pain and promoting wound healing after dental extraction, with the secondary objective of assessing the occurrence of dry sockets. The study was a split-mouth randomized controlled trial conducted at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department over 3 months.

Materials and Methods:
This split-mouth randomized controlled trial consisted of a total of 21 patients undergoing bilateral extractions. One extraction socket was randomly assigned to the test group, where Curcuma. longa gel was applied, while the contralateral socket served as the control group, receiving a placebo. Pain and wound healing were evaluated using standardized scales on the 3rd and 7th days postextraction. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and unpaired t-tests were performed using the SPSS software version 19. The statistical significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The test group showed significantly higher mean healing scores on the 3rd and 7th days compared to the control group. On the 7th day, the test group had significantly lower mean pain scores than the control group. No cases of dry sockets were observed in either group.

Conclusion:
Topical Curcuma longa gel demonstrated positive effects in promoting wound healing and reducing pain after dental extraction. Clinicians should consider the use of Curcuma longa gel as a post-extraction medicament, particularly in cases involving multiple or traumatic extractions.
Effect of local administration of injectable platelet-rich fibrin on root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in dogs
Authors: Sedaghati Golnoosh , Feizbakhsh Masood , Esnaashari Nasim , Razavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aimed to assess the effect of local administration of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement in dogs.

Materials and Methods:
This animal study was conducted on 4 adult male mongrel dogs. The right and left maxillary first premolars of the dogs were extracted, and a Nickel-Titanium closed coil spring was used to connect the canine to the second premolar with 150 g load. Next, 0.5 cc of i-PRF was injected in one quadrant of the maxilla around the second premolar into the periodontal ligament. The other quadrant of the maxilla served as the control group and received saline injection. Injections were performed at 1, 21, and 42 days, and the dogs were sacrificed after 63 days. Histological sections were prepared and cementum resorption, secondary cementum formation, and number of cementoblasts and cementoclasts were compared between the two groups by the Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, and Mann–Whitney test (α = 0.05).

Results:
The mean percentage of cementum resorption (17.75% ± 5.56%) and secondary cementum formation (14.50% ± 6.65%), and the mean number of cementoblasts (10.25 ± 2.36) and cementoclasts (9.75 ± 4.71) were insignificantly higher in the i-PRF group than the corresponding values (13.75% ± 4.34%, 8.50% ± 2.88%, 7.75 ± 1.25, and 6.50 ± 3.10, respectively) in the control group (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Administration of i-PRF insignificantly increased the percentage of cementum resorption, secondary cementum formation, number of cementoblasts, and number of cementoclasts.
Effect of local injection of injectable platelet-rich fibrin on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in dogs
Authors: Tabibi Atefeh , Feizbakhsh Masood , Esnaashari Nasim , Razavi Seyed Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
This study aimed to assess the effect of local injection of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in dogs.

Materials and Methods:
In this animal study, the maxillary first premolars of four adult male mixed-breed dogs were bilaterally extracted, and a nickel–titanium closed coil spring with 150 g force was placed between the canine and second premolar teeth. One quadrant of the maxilla was randomly selected as the test quadrant, and 0.5 cc i-PRF was injected into the periodontal ligament (PDL) around the second premolar at 1, 21, and 42 days. The other quadrant served as the control group and received saline injections. The dogs were sacrificed after 63 days, histological sections were prepared, and changes in bone remodeling were assessed by comparing the percentage of osteogenesis and number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts between the two groups by the Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U-tests (a = 0.05).

Results:
The percentage of osteogenesis (16.0% ± 4.96% in i-PRF and 13.5% ± 4.43% in the control), the percentage of newly formed lamellar bone (10.25% ± 2.87% in i-PRF and 8.75% ± 2.36% in the control), the percentage of woven bone (5.75% ± 2.21% in i-PRF and 4.75% ± 2.36% in the control), the number of osteoblasts (15.0 ± 3.46 in i-PRF and 11.75 ± 2.36 in the control), and the number of osteoclasts (11.25 ± 4.34 in i-PRF and 6.25 ± 2.62 in the control) were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
PDL injection of i-PRF around the second premolars of dogs under orthodontic force had no significant effect on bone remodeling.
Evaluation of Patch Test Results in Paediatric Patients in a Tertiary Dermatology clinic
Authors: Kazan Didem , Odyakmaz-Demirsoy Evren , Eloglu Hatice , Kiran Rebiay 
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives:
Allergic contact dermatitis is common in childhood as well as in adulthood. Children could be affected by numerous allergens. Allergen sources could change by region. In this study, we aimed to identify the most common allergens that cause contact sensitivity in paediatric patients in our region to make a standardized patch test series and define the ways of exposure to these allergens.

Materials and Methods:
Between June 2013 and January 2021, a total of 61 patients' European baseline series patch test results were evaluated.

Results:
Among 61 patients, 36 (%59) were female and 25 (%41) were male. The mean age was 10.4 years. Positivity with at least one allergen was present in 39 (64%) cases. The most common allergens with positive reactions were balsam of Peru (BOP) in 11 (18%) patients, nickel in eight (13.1%) patients, and fragrance mix-1 in seven (11.4%) patients. No statically significant difference was found between patch test results and gender (P = 0.109), atopy (P = 0.774), atopic dermatitis (P = 0.662), hobby (P = 0.377) and side of lesions (P = 0.826). However, there was a significant relationship between the duration of complaints and patch test results (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:
The responsible allergen in paediatric patients may vary especially by region, thus this could be challenging for diagnosis. Therefore, each region should create its own specific standardized paediatric patch tests.
Effect of Intralesional Sodium Stibogluconate Alone Versus Combinations with Topical Trichloroacetic Acid 50% or Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Ali Shaimaa M. , Ali Moshira M. , Kamel Abeer M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne protozoal disease. Antimonial drugs remain the first-line treatment for CL despite the widespread drug resistance and high incidence of side effects. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of traditional intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG) alone and its combinations with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) 50% and fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for the treatment of CL.

Materials and Methods:
An interventional study was carried out on 25 CL patients. In each patient, three lesions were assigned to treatment either by SSG alone (GI), SSG plus TCA 50% (GII), or SSG plus fractional CO2 laser (GIII). The overall clinical improvement and changes in the sizes of lesions and scars were assessed and compared among the three groups.

Results:
GIII patients had significantly lower treatment sessions as compared to GI patients (3.6 ± 1.29 versus 4.04 ± 2.11, P = 0.042). Moreover, GII and GIII patients had significantly shorter healing times when compared with GI (3.63 ± 1.35 and 3.46 ± 1.25, respectively, versus 4.0 ± 2.15 weeks, P = 0.019). Also, it was shown that GIII patients had significantly lower scar scores (1.40 ± 1.52) when compared with GI (3.00 ± 0.0) and GII (2.80 ± 1.10), P = 0.017.

Conclusions:
Intralesional SSG with TCA 50% is more effective than SSG alone and is comparable to SSG and fractional CO2 combination in the treatment of CL with better safety profile and patient satisfaction.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of C4d and C3d Markers in Bullous Pemphigoid as a Substitute for Direct Immunofluorescence Technique
Authors: Oryani Mahsa Akbari , Tayebi-Meybodi Naser , Nahidi Yalda , Sabi Mohsen Soltani , Aghaei Monavar Afzal 
Published: August 2024

Background:
There are several methods for the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous disease. Direct immunofluorescent (DIF) testing is an important diagnostic method in the diagnosis of immunobullous disease but requires skilled pathologist, fresh tissue and well-equipped laboratory to perform the procedure. The immunohistochemistry analysis of C4d and C3d is easily compared with other methods. This study was conducted to assess the value of immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for expressions of C3d and C4d in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid (BP).

Aims and Objectives:
This study was conducted to assess the value of immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for expressions of C3d and C4d in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid (BP). Materials and

Method:
We applied C4d and C3d immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue on 30 cases of bullous pemphigoid that was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) evaluation as well as 16 cases in control group (12 cases of herpetiform dermatitis, 3 cases of linear IgA dermatosis and 3 cases of bullous lichen planus).

Results:
Mean and SD of age were 68.13 ± 14.00, female to male ratio was 1:3. In cases where both C3d and C4d staining were positive, the intensity of C3d staining was higher than C4d. Twenty-two cases showed C4d-positive staining in IHC study, such that in seven cases focal staining and in 15 cases diffuse staining were observed. Also 26 cases showed C3d-positive staining in IHC study such that in four cases focal staining and in 22 cases diffuse staining were observed. In cases with C3d-positive staining, there were 21 cases of deposition only on the bullous floor, one case on the bullous roof and four cases on the bullous roof and floor. In cases with C4d-positive staining, there were 17 cases of deposition on the bullous floor, two cases only on the bullous roof and three cases on the roof and floor. All control cases were negative for C3d and C4d staining in the dermoepidermal junction. For C3d immunohistochemical staining, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 86.66%, 100%, 100% and 80%, respectively, and for C4d immunohistochemical staining, respectively, were 73.3%, 100%, 100% and 66.66%.

Conclusion:
The immunohistochemical specificity of C4d and C3d on tissue blocks is the same as that of direct immunofluorescence test on fresh tissue, but it is less sensitive, so positive results for C3d and C4d immunohistochemical staining on paraffin blocks can be used to confirm the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid.
Disability among Leprosy Patients in the Lustrum 2016-2020
Authors: Jayapalan Sabeena , Bindu R. S. , Mathew Rony 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The stigma surrounding leprosy in the community is due to grade 2 disability (G2D). The current global leprosy project aims towards a 90% reduction in G2D by 2030. This research was done to estimate the proportion of leprosy patients who had G2D at the time of diagnosis and to identify the clinical and demographic factors that predicted G2D.

Materials and Methods:
Design -Hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study. The outcome variable was G2D and the determinants were demographic and clinical characteristics.

Results:
G2D was seen in 22.3% and G1D in 17.5%. The M:F ratio of G2D was 5:1. G2D was highest in the hands (62.1%), followed by the feet (59.4%), and the eyes (16.2%). The claw hand was the most common deformity in the hand and the plantar ulcer was the most common deformity in the feet. Age >45 (OR 2.27, 95% CI 1.1–4.8), males (OR 3.3,95% CI 1.3–8.5), multibacillary type (OR 6.95,95% CI 1.6–30.6), pure neuritic type (OR 3.6,95% CI 1.1–12.3), and thickened nerves (OR 14.3, 95% CI 1.9–108.7) were the significant determinants.

Conclusion:
Being male, being older than 45, having multibacillary leprosy, having pure neurotic leprosy, and having a thicker nerve trunk predicted G2D. Training primary care health workers in recognising the subtle early symptoms and raising community awareness are the need of the hour. Frequent leprosy case detection programmes should be held to identify undiagnosed cases.
Novel Association between STAT3 Gene Variant and Vitiligo
Authors: Venkatesh Vaibhav , Mendez Deena C. , Rajashekar T S , Balakrishna Sharath 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Vitiligo is an autoimmune disorder involving inflammatory damage to melanocytes. STAT3 genetic variant (rs744166 T > C) increases inflammatory signaling via JAK/STAT pathway.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to check whether this translates into an association between vitiligo and STAT3 gene variant (rs744166 T > C).

Materials and Methods:
This is a case-control study. A total of 56 vitiligo patients and 90 healthy, age and gender-matched volunteers were recruited for the study. The STAT3 gene variant (rs744166 T > C) was genotyped using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

Results:
The frequency of the minor allele ‘C’ was higher in vitiligo patients (72.3%) than in healthy volunteers (57.8%). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.006; OR = 1.9 with 95% CI). The genotypic variant showed the highest association with vitiligo in the dominant model (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study shows that the STAT3 gene variant (rs744166 T > C) is associated with vitiligo. This observation underlines the importance of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in vitiligo pathogenesis.