bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of volatile and non‐volatile compounds in durian wines fermented with four commercial non‐Saccharomyces yeasts
Authors: Lu Yuyun , Huang Dejian , Lee Pin‐Rou , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDChemical compositions of durian wines fermented with Metschnikowia pulcherrima Flavia, Torulaspora delbrueckii Biodiva, Pichia kluyveri FrootZen and Kluyveromyces thermotolerans Concerto were investigated.RESULTSSucrose was not utilized by M. pulcherrima and P. kluyveri, resulting in little formation of ethanol (0.3–0.5%, v/v), while about 7% ethanol was produced by the other two yeasts. Volatiles such as esters and sulfur‐containing compounds were synthesized or catabolized and distinctive differences existed among yeasts. Larger amounts of higher alcohols and ethyl esters were detected in wines fermented by T. delbrueckii and K. thermotolerans, whereas M. pulcherrima and P. kluyveri produced more acetate esters such as ethyl acetate (1034.43 and 131.05 mg L−1 respectively) and isoamyl acetate (0.56 and 27.68 mg L−1 respectively). Most endogenous sulfur volatiles such as disulfides declined to trace levels, but new ones such as thioesters were formed. Sulfur volatiles in wines fermented by T. delbrueckii accounted for 0.20% relative peak area (RPA), followed by K. thermotolerans (0.23% RPA), P. kluyveri (1.43% RPA) and M. pulcherrima (4.16% RPA).CONCLUSIONThe findings showed that a more complex flavor could result from fermentation with different non‐Saccharomyces yeasts and the typical durian odor would still remain. Copyright © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Hibiscus sabdariffacalyx palliates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout in fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome rats
Authors: Ajiboye Taofeek O , Raji Hikmat O , Adeleye Abdulwasiu O , Adigun Nurudeen S , Giwa Oluwayemisi B , Ojewuyi Oluwayemisi B , Oladiji Adenike T 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effect ofHibiscus sabdariffacalyx extract was evaluated in high‐fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome rats. Insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout were induced in rats using high‐fructose diet. High‐fructose diet‐fed rats were administered 100 and 200 mg kg−1body weight ofH. sabdariffaextract for 3 weeks, starting from week 7 of high‐fructose diet treatment.RESULTSHigh‐fructose diet significantly (P< 0.05) increased the serum levels of blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDLc), with a concomitant reduction in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc). These alterations were significantly ameliorated by the extract. High‐fructose diet‐mediated decreases in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), glutathione reductase (GSH‐red) and glucose 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (Glc 6‐PD) were significantly (P< 0.05) attenuated. Altered levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were significantly (P< 0.05) restored to normal. High‐fructose diet‐mediated increases in the concentrations of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl and percentage fragmentedDNAwere significantly (P< 0.05) lowered by theHibiscusextract.CONCLUSIONOverall, aqueous extract ofH. sabdariffapalliates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and oxidative rout in high‐fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome rats. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Couple Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Pilot Results From U.S. Military Veterans and Their Partners
Authors: Schumm Jeremiah A. , Monson Candice M. , O'Farrell Timothy J. , Gustin Nancy G. , Chard Kathleen M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe studied 13 U.S. male military veterans and their female partners who consented to participate in an uncontrolled trial of couple treatment for alcohol use disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder (CTAP). CTAP is a 15‐session, manualized therapy, integrating behavioral couples therapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD) with cognitive–behavioral conjoint therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Due to ineligibility (n = 1) and attrition (n = 3), 9 couples completed the study, and 7 completed 12 or more sessions. There were 8 veterans who showed clinically reliable pre‐ to posttreatment reduction of PTSD outcomes. There were also significant group‐level reductions in clinician‐, veteran‐, and partner‐rated PTSD symptoms (d = 0.94 to 1.71). Most veterans showed clinically reliable reductions in percentage days of heavy drinking. Group‐level reduction in veterans’ percentage days of heavy drinking was significant (d = 1.01). There were 4 veterans and 3 partners with clinically reliable reductions in depression, and group‐level change was significant for veterans (d = 0.93) and partners (d = 1.06). On relationship satisfaction, 3 veterans and 4 partners had reliable improvements, and 2 veterans and 1 partner had reliable deterioration. Group‐level findings were nonsignificant for veteran relationship satisfaction (d = 0.26) and for partners (d = 0.52). These findings indicate that CTAP may be a promising intervention for individuals with comorbid PTSD and AUD who have relationship partners.
Clinical Scales Predict Significant Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia in Machado Joseph Disease Patients
Authors: Russo Aline D. , Reckziegel Estela R. , Krum‐Santos Ana C. , Augustin Marina C. , Scheeren Betina , Freitas Carine D. , Torman Vanessa L. , Saraiva‐Pereira Maria‐Luiza , Saute Jonas A. , Jardim Laura B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough aspiration is one of the main causes of death in SCA, such as SCA3/Machado Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), clinical studies on dysphagia are lacking for these diseases. The aims of this study were to characterize dysphagia in SCA3/MJD through videofluoroscopy (VF) of swallowing, correlate VF with disease severity criteria and weight loss, and determine the clinical criteria cutoffs for performing VF in the clinical routine, in order to detect aspiration.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on 34 SCA3/MJD patients was performed. Clinical and molecular data, as well as body mass index (BMI), were obtained. Neurological scales, such as the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), and the Swallowing Quality of Life (SWAL‐QOL) questionnaire were applied. The VF scores, Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale (DOSS) and penetration/aspiration scale (PAS), were obtained: Moderate‐to‐severe scores were grouped as “significant dysphagia.”ResultsOverall, 31 of 34 individuals showed abnormal scores at VF. SARA, BMI, and the domain “eating duration” of SWAL‐QOL correlated with VF: Their relation to significant dysphagia (DOSS <4 points or PAS >3) was evaluated through receiver operating characteristic curves. A sensitivity of 100% was equivalent to a cutoff of 15 points on SARA score, 23.72 kg/m2 on BMI, and 60% on eating duration‐SWAL‐QOL (P < 0.05).ConclusionSignificant dysphagia was not related to age at onset, disease duration, or CAG repeat expansion, but with SARA scores, lower BMI, and the domain eating duration of SWAL‐QOL. As a guideline for preventing aspiration, we suggest that SARA scores greater than 15 or eating duration‐SWAL‐QOL lower than 60% should urge VF studies in SCA3/MJD.
Plasma Oligomeric Alpha‐Synuclein Is Associated With Glucocerebrosidase Activity in Gaucher Disease
Authors: Nuzhnyi Evgenii , Emelyanov Anton , Boukina Tatyana , Usenko Tatiana , Yakimovskii Andrey , Zakharova Ekaterina , Pchelina Sofya 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe link between Parkinson's disease (PD) and Gaucher disease (GD), the most common lysosomal storage disease associated with loss of glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity, can be explained by abnormal accumulation of oligomeric alpha‐synuclein (α‐Syn) species resulting from mutations in the GBA gene. However, in GD, the relationship between GBA activity and α‐Syn accumulation in biological fluids has not been investigated.MethodsWe analyzed plasma oligomeric α‐Syn levels, leucocyte GBA activity, and plasma chitotriosidase activity in 21 patients with GD.ResultsNegative correlation between plasma oligomeric α‐Syn levels, and leucocyte GBA activity was observed in patients with GD (R2 = 0.487; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe decrease in GBA activity may influence α‐Syn oligomerization, explaining the high risk of PD development in GD patients. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Reliable transfer of multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps: Surgical technique and clinical outcomes
Authors: Kwon Jae Hyun , Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Lim So Young , Pyon Jai‐Kyung , Bang Sa‐Ik , Oh Kap Sung , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: May 2015

PurposeAlthough an increase in flap perfusion by incorporating multiple perforators has been demonstrated with free perforator flaps, whether the same efficacy can be achieved with pedicled flaps remains unclear, due to concerns regarding pedicle tension or kinking during flap transposition. The aim of this report was to investigate the reliability of multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps in a series of clinical cases.Patients and MethodsTwenty‐six patients undergoing soft tissue reconstruction using multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps from 2008 to 2012 were reviewed. The causes of the defects were oncologic (n = 15) or chronic wounds (n = 11). The defect sites were the trunk (n = 19), lower extremities (n = 4), head and neck (n = 2), and upper extremities (n = 1). Diverse flap types were used, including the superior gluteal artery perforator flap, the lateral femoral circumflex artery perforator flap, the medial femoral circumflex artery perforator flap, and the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. The flaps were transposed in a rotation‐and‐advancement manner after skeletonizing each perforator and proximally dissecting the pedicle. The donor site was closed primarily.ResultsMean flap size was 125.2 cm2, and the mean number of perforators used was 2.3 (2–5). The mean angle of pivotal rotation for flap transposition was 132.8°. No rotation‐related problems including pedicle kinking or twisting developed, and all flaps survived completely. No significant donor‐site morbidity was observed. The mean follow‐up period was 38.1 months.ConclusionsThis report suggests that through meticulous dissection of pedicles of sufficient length, the multiple perforator‐based pedicled flaps can be successfully transposed while minimizing the risk of pedicle tethering. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:105–111, 2017.
Long‐term distribution of biodegradable microparticles in rat muscle quantified noninvasively by MRI
Authors: Tcheudji Jacques Kameni , Cannet Catherine , Gérard Christelle , Curdy Catherine , Beckmann Nicolau 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of MRI to monitor longitudinally the fate of PLGA microparticles in muscle tissue after intramuscular injection in rats using standard equipment.MethodsMRI was performed at different time points and until day 28 after intramuscular administration of microparticles. Image segmentation was used to quantify the MRI signals. Histology was performed at selected time points to validate the in vivo observations. The SOM230‐long acting release formulation was used as test compound.ResultsMicroparticles were detected in vivo until 28 days following their administration. Imaging and histology data indicated that the MRI signals followed three phases: in an early phase (≤ 48 h after injection), vehicle, edema and hydration of microparticles contributed to the signals. In the second (days 3–17) and third phases (day 17 onward), microparticle hydration was the main contributor. SOM230 in blood displayed peaks at days 2 and 17.ConclusionMRI was suitable to follow longitudinally the presence of PLGA microparticles in the rat muscle without labeling them. This is advantageous, because labeling could potentially alter the properties and pharmacokinetics of the microparticles. Data were consistent with an initial compound release followed by diffusion and microparticle erosion as main mechanisms of SOM230 release. Magn Reson Med 75:1736–1742, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tissue structure and inflammatory processes shape viscoelastic properties of the mouse brain
Authors: Millward Jason M. , Guo Jing , Berndt Dominique , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Infante‐Duarte Carmen 
Published: May 2015

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an imaging method that reveals the mechanical properties of tissue, modelled as a combination of " viscosity" and " elasticity" . We recently showed reduced brain viscoelasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients compared with healthy controls, and in the relapsing–remitting disease model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms by which these intrinsic tissue properties become altered remain unclear.This study investigates whether distinct regions in the mouse brain differ in their native viscoelastic properties, and how these properties are affected during chronic EAE in C57Bl/6 mice and in mice lacking the cytokine interferon‐gamma. IFN‐γ−/− mice exhibit a more severe EAE phenotype, with amplified inflammation in the cerebellum and brain stem. Brain scans were performed in the sagittal plane using a 7 T animal MRI scanner, and the anterior (cerebral) and posterior (cerebellar) regions analyzed separately. MRE investigations were accompanied by contrast‐enhanced MRI scans, and by histopathology and gene expression analysis ex vivo.Compared with the cerebrum, the cerebellum in healthy mice has a lower viscoelasticity, i.e. it is intrinsically " softer" . This was seen both in the wild‐type mice and the IFNγ−/− mice. During chronic EAE, C57Bl/6 mice did not show altered brain viscoelasticity. However, as expected, the IFNγ−/− mice showed a more severe EAE phenotype, and these mice did show altered brain elasticity during the course of disease. The magnitude of the elasticity reduction correlated with F4/80 gene expression, a marker for macrophages/microglia in inflamed central nervous system tissue.Together these results demonstrate that MRE is sensitive enough to discriminate between viscoelastic properties in distinct anatomical structures in the mouse brain, and to confirm a further relationship between cellular inflammation and mechanical alterations of the brain. This study underscores the utility of MRE to monitor pathological tissue alterations in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical reconstruction and Karhunen–Loève expansion for multiphase random media
Authors: Feng J. W. , Cen S. , Li C. F. , Owen D. R. J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryTermed as random media, rocks, composites, alloys and many other heterogeneous materials consist of multiple material phases that are randomly distributed through the medium. This paper presents a robust and efficient algorithm for reconstructing random media, which can then be fed into stochastic finite element solvers for statistical response analysis. The new method is based on nonlinear transformation of Gaussian random fields, and the reconstructed media can meet the discrete‐valued marginal probability distribution function and the two‐point correlation function of the reference medium. The new method, which avoids iterative root‐finding computation, is highly efficient and particularly suitable for reconstructing large‐size random media or a large number of samples. Also, benefiting from the high efficiency of the proposed reconstruction scheme, a Karhunen–Loève (KL) representation of the target random medium can be efficiently estimated by projecting the reconstructed samples onto the KL basis. The resulting uncorrelated KL coefficients can be further expressed as functions of independent Gaussian random variables to obtain an approximate Gaussian representation, which is often required in stochastic finite element analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying and Interpreting Domestic Violence in Archaeological Human Remains: A Critical Review of the Evidence
Authors: Redfern R. C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis research reviews and discusses the clinical and social science datasets used to identify victims of domestic violence (DV) in the archaeological record. Clinical sources are skewed by law enforcement and cost issues, dominated by Western female data and suggest that DV is a well‐documented form of abuse. Social science sources and perspectives, having arisen from activist movements, are more spatiotemporally diverse in breadth and perspective, and challenge the notion that DV is universal and well‐documented, but are biased because they rely upon self‐survey reports.Palaeopathology and bioarchaeology have adopted a clinical approach to DV, relying on a pattern of injuries (focussed on the head, face and neck), without critically evaluating whether such datasets are appropriate to the spatiotemporal and socio‐cultural diversity present in the archaeological record. A case study evaluating the injury patterns in 964 post‐medieval adult females from London (England) demonstrates that the majority of injuries that conform to the clinical model have robust alternative explanations, and only a small minority of females have injuries that may have been produced by interpersonal violence, not necessarily DV.In conclusion, the review highlights that the perspectives of the elderly and male victims are currently neglected in research, and evidence for injury, especially that which may reflect abuse, necessitates interpretation within a ‘web of violence’ approach, as DV does not occur in isolation from other violence in a community. It challenges the ‘check‐list’ approach to interpretation and suggests that a closer examination of fracture mechanism combined with injury patterning may be a more informative approach with which to identify DV victims of both sexes and identifies the need to integrate other health data into the interpretation of violence and abuse. Overall, it concurs with the minority of clinical and forensic literature that it might not be possible to differentiate DV and assault victims. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Describing Archaeological Iguana Laurenti, 1768 (Squamata: Iguanidae) Populations: Size and Skeletal Maturity
Authors: Bochaton C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe goal of this study was to provide tools to estimate size and maturity of the archaeological Iguana specimens on the basis of their skeletal remains. To achieve this, a reference of 40 Iguana osteological specimens from different collections was used to derive size prediction equations relying on bone measurements. The sequence of fusions of skeletal elements was also observed and found to be strictly identical in all observed specimens. These observations enable the size and skeletal maturity of an archaeological specimen to be determined on the basis of an isolated bone. Such data could be valuable in zooarchaeological studies, as is demonstrated using the case of a pre‐Columbian archaeological site in the Lesser Antilles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Study of the Potential of Deciduous Incisor Wear as an Indicator of Weaning Using a Human Skeletal Population
Authors: Mays S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate the potential of wear on the earliest erupting teeth, the deciduous central incisors, for studying weaning in human skeletal populations. The study group is from mediaeval Wharram Percy, where existing δ15N data indicate cessation of breastfeeding occurred by about 24 months post‐partum. The hypothesis tested is that there should be an increase in dental wear as breast milk is replaced with solid foods during weaning. Incisor wear is monitored using crown heights, measured from photographs using image analysis. Results provide little evidence for alteration in incisor wear rates with the attenuation of breastfeeding, perhaps because abrasive foods were used as supplements well before breastfeeding declined. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating Dietary Patterns with Stable Isotope Ratios of Collagen and Starch Grain Analysis of Dental Calculus at the Iron Age Cemetery Site of Heigouliang, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wang T. T. , Fuller B. T. , Wei D. , Chang X. E. , Hu Y. W. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHere, we present δ13C and δ15N results for the dietary reconstruction of nomadic pastoralists from the Iron Age (ca. 1000 bc–8 ad) site of Heigouliang. The human (n = 27) δ13C values range from −19.6‰ to −17.0‰ with a mean value of −18.5 ± 0.5‰, and the δ15N results range from 11.5‰ to 13.8‰ with a mean value of 12.4 ± 0.6‰. The results indicated that animals, like sheep, were part of the predominately C3 terrestrial diet, but two individuals have values greater than −18‰ that is indicative of some input of C4 foods in their diets. Because of a lack of faunal samples and to supply complementary information concerning plant consumption, teeth from four individuals were analysed for dental calculus microfossils. Starch grains were found to correspond to Triticeae and Poaceae, possibly including wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), highland barley (H. vulgare L var. nudum), foxtail millet (Setaria italica) and/or common millet (Panicum miliaceum). At the population level, no dietary differences were detected between burial owners and sacrificial victims, but variations were found when specific tombs were analysed. In particular, individuals with bone trauma associated with armed conflict also had distinct isotopic signatures possibly suggesting that some of the sacrificial victims could have been captured warriors that were sacrificed for the burial owners. While limited, the results are some of the first from an Iron Age population from Xinjiang and contribute to our understanding of the dietary patterns of this region. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subclinical kidney injury before and 1 year after bariatric surgery among adolescents with severe obesity
Authors: Xiao Nianzhou , Devarajan Prasad , Inge Thomas H. , Jenkins Todd M. , Bennett Michael , Mitsnefes Mark M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo assess subclinical kidney injury in adolescents with severe obesity by measuring biomarkers of early kidney disease and to assess changes in the levels of these biomarkers following bariatric procedures.MethodsTwenty‐two adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery with no microalbuminuria and normal kidney function were selected. Urinary NGAL, IL‐18, and KIM‐1 were measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Biomarker levels were compared to 44 age‐gender‐matched lean controls.ResultsSubjects with obesity had a mean baseline BMI of 48 kg/m2 that decreased by 34% at 1‐year follow‐up. Urine NGAL, IL‐18, and KIM‐1 were significantly elevated in subjects with obesity compared to lean controls at baseline. The obese cohort had a further significant increase in NGAL and KIM‐1 at 6 months, followed by decline at 1 year. The overall change in levels of all three biomarkers through 1 year after surgery, however, was not significant compared to baseline.ConclusionsAdolescent severe obesity is associated with increased urinary excretion of novel biomarkers of kidney injury, despite no microalbuminuria or decreased kidney function. This subclinical kidney injury persists 1 year after significant weight loss induced by bariatric surgery, suggesting that close, long‐term follow‐up of kidney status is warranted in these adolescents.