bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated electron dynamics of nonsequential double ionization by few-cycle laser pulses with different time durations
Authors: Yu Benhai , Li Yingbin , Tang Qingbin , Hua Duanyang , Jia Shasha 
Published: October 2015

With the fully classical ensemble model, we investigate the correlated electron dynamics of nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) by few-cycle laser pulses at 3T (T is the laser cycle) and compared it with the 6T case. For the 6T laser pulse, the momentum distribution of correlated electron in the direction parallel to the laser polarization exhibits a V-like structure which has been observed in the experiment. [Camus et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 073003 (2012)]. However, for the 3T laser pulse, the momentum distribution shows a surprising arc-like structure. Meanwhile, the correlated electron momentum spectrum in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization shows a more stronger anticorrelated behavior for the 3T laser pulse than that of the 6T laser pulse. By analyzing all the classical trajectories of NSDI, for the 3T laser pulse, the contribution to NSDI only comes from the first return and the latter returns are completely supressed, which is different from the case of the 6T laser pulse where not only the first return but also the latter returns contribute to the NSDI events. Moreover, the recolliding energies are often higher for the 3T laser pulse than that of the 6T laser pulse due to a more rapid turn on of laser field for the 3T laser pulse which plays a key role for the arc-like structure. The more energetic recollisions that occur in the 3T laser pulse lead to greater anticorrelation in the transverse momenta than is observed in the 6T laser pulse with less energetic recollisions.
Plasmon mode coupling and depolarization shifts in AlGaAs/GaAs asymmetric step quantum wells with and without electric field
Authors: Song Ya Feng , Zhu Qin Sheng , Liu Xiang Lin , Yang Shao Yan , Wang Zhan Guo 
Published: October 2015

We investigate the plasmon mode coupling and depolarization shifts in AlGaAs/GaAs asymmetric step quantum wells (ASQWs) of the two-subband model with the Bohm–Pine’s random-phase approximation with and without an applied electric field. By adjusting the well geometry parameters and material composition systematically, various characteristics of plasmons in ASQWs are found for different asymmetric cases. We find that (i) the intersubband plasmon has a large negative dispersion in long wavelength limit; (ii) the step width related depolarization shift depends on the number of subbands in the deep well; and (iii) the influence of electric field effect on depolarization shift and the coupling of the two plasmon modes is quite asymmetric with its minimum at +8 kV/cm by changing the electrical field and the ASQW structure parameters. The coupling and decoupling of the intersubband and intrasubband plasmon modes can be realized by adjusting the polarity and the strength of the external electric field and changing the ASQW structure parameters.
Synthesis of LaYbO3 perovskite through modified Pechini method: Structural, electric and magnetic characterization
Authors: Jaramillo P J. A. , Landínez Téllez D. A. , Roa-Rojas J. , Parra Vargas C. A. , Barrera E. W. 
Published: October 2015

Single phase LaYbO3 lanthanide-based perovskite powder was synthesized by modified Pechini method, which is based on polyesterification of metal–citrate complexes in aqueous solution. Complexes were formed in aqueous solution and after polyalcohol addition and slow water evaporation, bond formation is allowed and a macroscopic polymeric network was produced, where cations are embedded and uniformly distributed. Finally, through several pyrolysis steps, microcrystalline oxide particles were obtained. Structural characterization was performed by means the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The obtained patterns were indexed and refined to reveal that the LaYbO3 simple perovskite crystallizes in an orthorhombic structure, belonging to the Pnma (#62) space group, with lattice constants a = 6.0327 Å, b = 8.4138 Å and c = 5.8307 Å. Studies of electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that the LaYbO3 is free of impurities. Electric response was evaluated by electric polarization measurements as a function of applied electric fields. Obtained curves show evidence of a hysteretic behavior related with dielectric losses which are characteristics of insulator materials. From the saturation values of electric charge, the relative dielectric constant was determined to be 22.6. The magnetic behavior was examined by means of the curves of magnetic susceptibility as a function of temperature. The fit with the Curie equation is in agreement with a typical paramagnetic feature with effective magnetic moment [Formula: see text] = 4.9 [Formula: see text]B, which is close to the theoretical expected value from the Hund’s rules.
The Impact of T2/FLAIR Evaluation per RANO Criteria on Response Assessment of Recurrent Glioblastoma Patients Treated with Bevacizumab
Authors: Huang Raymond Y. , Rahman Rifaquat , Ballman Karla V. , Felten Sara J. , Anderson S. Keith , Ellingson Benjamin M. , Nayak Lakshmi , Lee Eudocia Q. , Abrey Lauren E. , Galanis Evanthia , Reardon David A. , Pope Whitney B. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Wen Patrick Y. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The RANO criteria have not been assessed using outcome data from prospective trials. We examined the radiologic data of patients with recurrent glioblastoma from the randomized phase II trial (AVF3708g) to determine the effect of including T2/FLAIR evaluation as per RANO criteria on measurements of objective response rates (ORRs) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with assessment based on contrast enhancement (Macdonald criteria).
Experimental Design: The ORRs and median PFS were determined using the RANO criteria and compared with those obtained using the Macdonald criteria. Landmark analyses were performed at 2, 4, and 6 months, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the associations between OR and progression with subsequent survival.
Results: The ORRs were 0.331 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.260–0.409] and 0.393 (95% CI, 0.317–0.472) by RANO and Macdonald criteria, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001). The median PFS was 4.6 months (95% CI, 4.1–5.5) using RANO criteria, compared with 6.4 months (95% CI, 5.5–7.1) as determined by Macdonald criteria (P = 0.01). At 2-, 4-, and 6-month landmarks, both OR status and PFS determined by either RANO or Macdonald criteria were predictive of overall survival [OS; hazard ratios for 4-month landmark (OR HR = 1.93, P = 0.0012; PFS HR, 4.23, P &lt; 0.0001)].
Conclusions: The inclusion of T2/FLAIR assessment resulted in statistically significant differences in median PFS and ORRs compared with assessment of solely enhancing tumor (Macdonald criteria), although OR and PFS determined by both RANO and Macdonald criteria correlated with OS. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 575–81. ©2015 AACR.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yun Eun-Jin , Zhou Jiancheng , Lin Chun-Jung , Hernandez Elizabeth , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin , Hsieh Jer-Tsong 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Clinical evidence suggests increased cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a tumor mass may contribute to the failure of conventional therapies because CSCs seem to be more resistant than differentiated tumor cells. Thus, unveiling the mechanism regulating CSCs and candidate target molecules will provide new strategy to cure the patients.
Experimental design: The stem-like cell properties were determined by a prostasphere assay and dye exclusion assay. To find critical stem cell marker and reveal regulation mechanism, basic biochemical and molecular biologic methods, such as quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, reporter gene assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, were used. In addition, to determine the effect of combination therapy targeting both CSCs and its progeny, in vitro MTT assay and in vivo xenograft model was used.
Results: We demonstrate immortalized normal human prostate epithelial cells, appeared nontumorigenic in vivo, become tumorigenic, and acquire stem cell phenotype after knocking down a tumor suppressor gene. Also, those stem-like cells increase chemoresistance to conventional anticancer reagent. Mechanistically, we unveil that Wnt signaling is a key pathway regulating well-known stem cell marker CD44 by directly interacting to the promoter. Thus, by targeting CSCs using Wnt inhibitors synergistically enhances the efficacy of conventional drugs. Furthermore, the in vivo mouse model bearing xenografts showed a robust inhibition of tumor growth after combination therapy.
Conclusions: Overall, this study provides strong evidence of CSC in castration-resistant prostate cancer. This new combination therapy strategy targeting CSC could significantly enhance therapeutic efficacy of current chemotherapy regimen only targeting non-CSC cells. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 670–9. ©2015 AACR.
Genomic Landscape of CXCR4 Mutations in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Poulain Stéphanie , Roumier Christophe , Venet-Caillault Aurélie , Figeac Martin , Herbaux Charles , Marot Guillemette , Doye Emmanuelle , Bertrand Elisabeth , Geffroy Sandrine , Lepretre Frédéric , Nibourel Olivier , Decambron Audrey , Boyle Eileen Mary , Renneville Aline , Tricot Sabine , Daudignon Agnès , Quesnel Bruno , Duthilleul Patrick , Preudhomme Claude , Leleu Xavier 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Whole-genome sequencing has revealed MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutations (CXCR4mut) as the most prevalent somatic mutations in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. CXCR4 mutation has proved to be of critical importance in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, in part due to its role as a mechanism of resistance to several agents. We have therefore sought to unravel the different aspects of CXCR4 mutations in Waldenström macroglobulinemia.
Experimental Design: We have scanned the two coding exons of CXCR4 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia using deep next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing in 98 patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and correlated with SNP array landscape and mutational spectrum of eight candidate genes involved in TLR, RAS, and BCR pathway in an integrative study.
Results: We found all mutations to be heterozygous, somatic, and located in the C-terminal domain of CXCR4 in 25% of the Waldenström macroglobulinemia. CXCR4 mutations led to a truncated receptor protein associated with a higher expression of CXCR4. CXCR4 mutations pertain to the same clone as to MYD88 L265P mutations but were mutually exclusive to CD79A/CD79B mutations (BCR pathway). We identified a genomic signature in CXCR4mut Waldenström macroglobulinemia traducing a more complex genome. CXCR4 mutations were also associated with gain of chromosome 4, gain of Xq, and deletion 6q.
Conclusions: Our study panned out new CXCR4 mutations in Waldenström macroglobulinemia and identified a specific signature associated to CXCR4mut, characterized with complex genomic aberrations among MYD88L265P Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Our results suggest the existence of various genomic subgroups in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1480–8. ©2015 AACR.
Correlating Surrogate Endpoints with Overall Survival at the Individual Patient Level in BRAFV600E-Mutated Metastatic Melanoma Patients Treated with Vemurafenib
Authors: Zabor Emily C. , Heller Glenn , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Chapman Paul B. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Surrogate endpoints are needed that correlate with overall survival (OS). We analyzed individual patient tumor data from a phase III trial of vemurafenib versus dacarbazine (BRIM3) to identify criteria for tumor measures that correlated with OS. Correlates were validated using a separate data set from a phase II trial of vemurafenib (BRIM2).
Experimental Design: Deidentified tumor measurements and OS data from BRIM3 and from BRIM2 were analyzed. Target tumor measurement data and nontarget tumor data were available from pretreatment, weeks 6,12, and every 9 weeks thereafter. In the BRIM3 data set, associations of OS with both early tumor response (first 12 weeks) and time to progression (TTP) were assessed. Different definitions of response and progression were explored. Findings were validated using the BRIM2 data set.
Results: Thresholds of early response were explored ranging from any degree of tumor shrinkage to 100% tumor shrinkage. Correlation was weak at all thresholds tested. TTP, however, was more strongly correlated with OS. The strongest correlation was seen when progression was defined as ≥50% increase in the sum of tumor diameters or appearance of new tumors. This was confirmed by similar analyses in the BRIM2 cohort.
Conclusions: TTP defined as ≥50% increase in the sum of tumor diameters or appearance of new tumors was more strongly associated with OS than early tumor shrinkage in melanoma patients treated with RAF inhibitor. In future trials, consideration should be given to replacing response rate with TTP or PFS as preferable clinical endpoints in early-phase studies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1341–7. ©2015 AACR.
Pretreatment with rivaroxaban attenuates stroke severity in rats by a dual antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory mechanism
Authors: Kraft Peter , Schuhmann Michael K. , Dittmeier Melanie , Fluri Felix , Kleinschnitz Christoph 
Published: October 2015

SummaryStroke outcome is more favourable in patients receiving oral anticoagulants compared with non-anticoagulated patients. The reasons for this “stroke-attenuating” property of oral anticoagulants are largely unknown. This study examined whether prestroke anticoagulation with rivaroxaban, a novel direct factor Xa inhibitor, influences stroke severity, thrombin-mediated intracerebral thrombus formation and pro-inflammatory processes in a rat model of brain ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Male Wistar rats were anticoagulated with rivaroxaban and subjected to 90 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Infarct size, functional outcome and the occurrence of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) were assessed until day 7. Thrombin generation was determined by measuring the amount of thrombin/antithrombin complex. Intracerebral thrombus formation was evaluated by histology and Western blot. CD68-immunoreactivity and the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules were investigated to assess postischaemic inflammation. The integrity of the blood–brain barrier was analysed using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Rats pretreated with rivaroxaban developed significantly smaller strokes and less severe functional deficits compared with controls. Although rivaroxaban strongly reduced thrombin-mediated thrombus formation, this was not accompanied by an increased risk of ICH. In addition, rivaroxaban dampened the inflammatory response in the ischaemic brain by downregulating ICAM-1 expression and the activation of CD68+-immune cells. In contrast, rivaroxaban had no effect on the integrity of the blood–brain barrier after stroke. Here, we identified reduced thrombo-inflammation as a major determinant of the stroke-protective property of rivaroxaban in rats. Further studies are needed to assess the therapeutic potential of novel oral anticoagulants in the acute phase after a stroke.
Nothotylenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Kermanshah province, Iran
Authors: Esmaeli Mehrab , Heydari Ramin , Castillo Pablo , Palomares-Rius Juan E. 
Published: October 2015

A new species of the genus Nothotylenchus, N. persicus n. sp. was collected around the roots of grapevine and is described and illustrated herein based on morphological and molecular studies. The new species is characterised by a body length of 776-900 μm, delicate stylet 5-6 μm long, six lines in the lateral field, post-vulval uterine sac short, 10-18 μm long, female tail elongate-conoid with pointed terminus, and bursa covering 40-45% of tail length. Morphologically, N. persicus n. sp. appears closer to four known species of the genus, namely: N. hexaglyphus, N. affinis, N. medians and N. taylori. The results of phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA gene confirmed the close molecular relationship between N. persicus n. sp. and other anguinids, but Nothotylenchus claded separately from Ditylenchus species.
Eltrombopag interference in routine chemistry testing
Authors: Gounden Verena , Zhao Zhen 
Published: October 2015

Background High doses of Eltrombopag have been previously reported to cause bilirubin interference. Following receipt of a sample from a patient receiving high-dose Eltrombopag therapy, the laboratory decided to investigate the effect of this drug on routine chemistry testing. Methods Interference studies were performed by spiking Eltrombopag into aliquots of a serum pool to give concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 µg/mL. The following analytes, namely albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, Urea, total calcium, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, iron, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, creatinine, bicarbonate, transferrin, ferritin, electrolytes, total and direct bilirubin and serum indices (hemolysis, icterus and lipaemia) were then measured on the Roche Cobas 6000 chemistry analyzer (Roche, Indianapolis, USA). Results Eltrombopag interference (>10% change of the baseline value) was observed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, inorganic phosphate and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Clinical significant interference was observed for total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Conclusions Presence of high Eltrombopag concentrations in blood samples has been demonstrated to cause interference in the measurement of certain spectrophotometric-based assays on the Roche Cobas 6000 analyzer.
Boredom in the Workplace
Authors: Cummings Mary L. , Gao Fei , Thornburg Kris M. 
Published: October 2015

Objective: We review historical and more recent efforts in boredom research and related fields. A framework is presented that organizes the various facets of boredom, particularly in supervisory control settings, and research gaps and future potential areas for study are highlighted. Background: Given the ubiquity of boredom across a wide spectrum of work environments—exacerbated by increasingly automated systems that remove humans from direct, physical system interaction and possibly increasing tedium in the workplace—there is a need not only to better understand the multiple facets of boredom in work environments but to develop targeted mitigation strategies. Method: To better understand the relationships between the various influences and outcomes of boredom, a systems-based framework, called the Boredom Influence Diagram, is proposed that describes various elements of boredom and their interrelationships. Results: Boredom is closely related to vigilance, attention management, and task performance. This review highlights the need to develop more naturalistic experiments that reflect the characteristics of a boring work environment. Conclusion: With the increase in automation, boredom in the workplace will likely become a more prevalent issue for motivation and retention. In addition, developing continuous measures of boredom based on physiological signals is critical. Application: Personnel selection and improvements in system and task design can potentially mitigate boredom. However, more work is needed to develop and evaluate other potential interventions.
Unique core skills: Exploring occupational therapists' hidden assets
Authors: Turner Annie , Alsop Auldeen 
Published: October 2015

Introduction Early literature considered occupational therapists' unique core skills in terms of visible activities. Suggestions of what these may be have often confused skills with techniques and personal attributes and thus arguably have had some negative consequences for the profession. Method An electronic and hand-searched review of past and present professional and adjunctive literature led to the inductive development of five themes: an historical perspective of core skills; defining occupational therapy; the occupational therapy process; practice skills and defining unique core skills. Discussion Literature has indicated that occupational therapists' unique core skills are those common non-visible skills based around unique reasoning processes that translate occupational therapy theory and knowledge into visible professional practice. Visible skills are context dependent and should not be seen as core. Conclusion The unique core skills of occupational therapists are largely hidden. They are the reasoning skills used to apply the understanding of occupation and its impact on health to the meaningful activities and occupations of service users. Visible practice skills are diverse and some may be shared with other professions. While some activities can appear mundane, forming the rationale for their use is the unique core skill of occupational therapists.
Racial Differences in Treatment Approaches and Mortality Following Arterial Trauma
Authors: Moreira Carla C. , Farber Alik , Rybin Denis , Doros Gheorghe , Kalish Jeffrey , Eberhardt Robert T. , Siracuse Jeffrey J. , Hamburg Naomi M. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the impact of race on treatment approaches and mortality following arterial trauma. Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank (version 7.2, American College of Surgeons) was queried from 2002 to 2012 to identify patients aged 18 to 65 years with arterial trauma. The association between race (white, black, and Hispanic) and mortality following arterial injury was assessed, stratified by penetrating or blunt injury. Temporal trends in the use of open and endovascular procedures were evaluated across the racial groups. Multivariable regression models adjusting for patient demographics, injury severity, hospital characteristics, insurance status, and type of intervention performed were used to evaluate potential contributors to the association of race with mortality. Results: The study cohort consisted of 58 626 patients (52% white, 31% black, and 17% Hispanic). A majority (57%) of patients had penetrating injuries, with black and Hispanic patients being more likely to sustain penetrating injuries (80% and 65%, respectively) compared to white patients (41%, P < .001). Overall, black patients had higher mortality for penetrating injuries (16.8% vs 13.0% vs 7.8%, P < .001) when compared to Hispanic and white patients, correspondingly. Over the study period, there was increasing use of endovascular and decreasing open surgical procedures for treatment of arterial trauma. This finding was similar across all groups studied. In multivariable analysis, black race was found to be associated with higher mortality compared to white for both penetrating (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33-1.75, P < .001) and blunt (OR 1.27 95%CI 1.09-1.47, P = .002) arterial trauma. Conclusion: Even after adjusting for potential confounders, minority patients had increased odds of mortality following arterial trauma compared to their white counterparts. Further studies are needed to understand and to eliminate these observed disparities in outcome.