bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Progress in the 21st century: a Roadmap for the Ecological Society of Japan
Authors: Enoki Tsutomu , Nakashizuka Tohru , Nakano Shin‐ichi , Miki Takeshi , Lin Yu‐Pin , Nakaoka Masahiro , Mizumachi Eri , Shibata Hideaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe primary goal of the 60th anniversary symposium of the Ecological Society of Japan (ESJ) was to re‐examine the role of the Society. The first of five lectures, “Development of Long‐term Ecological Research in Japan,” discussed the increasingly important role of long‐term and networked research studies. Ecological research in Asia faces many challenges, because Asia features natural and anthropogenic landscapes with highly diverse ecosystems. “Developing Strategies of the Ecological Society of Japan for Worldwide Societies of Ecology with Special Reference to Strategies for Asia” emphasized the role of ESJ in promoting ecological research and outreach in Asia. Ecosystem sustainability is a key issue in both the theory and practice of ecosystem management. A framework concept of an environmental and biodiversity cycle was proposed in the session “Linking Community and Ecosystem Dynamics” for understanding the mechanisms driving the sustainability of ecosystems. Ecosystem services are essential aspects of land use and conservation planning and management. “Integrating Models of Ecosystem Services and Land Use Changes” reviewed recently‐developed models that simulate patterns of land‐use change and analyze its effects on ecosystem services and also recommended future directions for collaboration among researchers. “Disaster Resilience and Coastal Ecology” highlighted the contributions of ecologists to evaluating the resilience of damaged coastal ecosystems and provided sound proposals to local communities and governments for rehabilitation plans. The past achievements and future directions of ESJ were discussed by the panelists and the audience in “Past and Future of the Ecological Society of Japan.”
Dysregulation of the IGF‐I/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Chen Jianling , Alberts Ian , Li Xiaohong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe IGF‐I/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival, metabolism and protein synthesis. Insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) is synthesized in the liver and fibroblasts, and its biological actions are mediated by the IGF‐I receptor (IGF‐IR). The binding of IGF‐I to IGF‐IR leads to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). Activated PI3K stimulates the production of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3]. The PH domain of AKT (protein kinase B, PKB) (v‐AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) binds to PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3, followed by phosphorylation of the Thr308 and Ser473 regulatory sites. Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) and TSC2 are upstream regulators of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and downstream effectors of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The activation of AKT suppresses the TSC1/TSC2 heterodimer, which is an upstream regulator of mTOR. Dysregulated IGF‐I/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling has been shown to be associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence for a functional relationship between the IGF‐I/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and ASDs, as well as a possible role of this signaling pathway in the diagnosis and treatment of ASDs.
Estimating long‐term multivariate progression from short‐term data
Authors: Donohue Michael C. , Jacqmin‐Gadda Hélène , Le Goff Mélanie , Thomas Ronald G. , Raman Rema , Gamst Anthony C. , Beckett Laurel A. , Jack Clifford R. , Weiner Michael W. , Dartigues Jean‐François , Aisen Paul S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMotivationDiseases that progress slowly are often studied by observing cohorts at different stages of disease for short periods of time. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) follows elders with various degrees of cognitive impairment, from normal to impaired. The study includes a rich panel of novel cognitive tests, biomarkers, and brain images collected every 6 months for as long as 6 years. The relative timing of the observations with respect to disease pathology is unknown. We propose a general semiparametric model and iterative estimation procedure to estimate simultaneously the pathological timing and long‐term growth curves. The resulting estimates of long‐term progression are fine‐tuned using cognitive trajectories derived from the long‐term “Personnes Agées Quid” study.ResultsWe demonstrate with simulations that the method can recover long‐term disease trends from short‐term observations. The method also estimates temporal ordering of individuals with respect to disease pathology, providing subject‐specific prognostic estimates of the time until onset of symptoms. When the method is applied to ADNI data, the estimated growth curves are in general agreement with prevailing theories of the Alzheimer's disease cascade. Other data sets with common outcome measures can be combined using the proposed algorithm.AvailabilitySoftware to fit the model and reproduce results with the statistical software R is available as the grace package. ADNI data can be downloaded from the Laboratory of NeuroImaging.
Genetic modification of the relationship between phosphorylated tau and neurodegeneration
Authors: Hohman Timothy J. , Koran Mary Ellen I. , Thornton‐Wells Tricia A. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundA subset of individuals present at autopsy with the pathologic features of Alzheimer's disease having never manifest the clinical symptoms. We sought to identify genetic factors that modify the relationship between phosphorylated tau (PTau) and dilation of the lateral inferior ventricles.MethodsWe used data from 700 subjects enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). A genome‐wide association study approach was used to identify PTau × single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) interactions. Variance explained by these interactions was quantified using hierarchical linear regression.ResultsFive SNP × PTau interactions passed a Bonferroni correction, one of which (rs4728029, POT1, 2.6% of variance) was consistent across ADNI‐1 and ADNI‐2/GO subjects. This interaction also showed a trend‐level association with memory performance and levels of interleukin‐6 receptor.ConclusionsOur results suggest that rs4728029 modifies the relationship between PTau and both ventricular dilation and cognition, perhaps through an altered neuroinflammatory response.
A tree-ring based precipitation reconstruction for the Mohe region in the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, since AD 1724
Authors: Zhang Tongwen , Yuan Yujiang , Wei Wenshou , Yu Shulong , Zhang Ruibo , Chen Feng , Shang Huaming , Qin Li 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAugust–July precipitation has been reconstructed back to AD 1724 for the Mohe region in the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains, China, usingPinus sylvestrisvar. mongolica tree-ring width. The reconstruction explains 39% of the variance in the precipitation observed from AD 1960–2008. Some droughts noted in historical documents are precisely captured in our reconstruction. Wet periods occurred during the periods of AD 1734–1785, AD 1805–1830, AD 1863–1880, AD 1922–1961, and AD 1983–1998; while the periods of AD 1786–1804, AD 1831–1862, AD 1881–1921, and AD 1962–1982 were relatively dry. Power spectral and wavelet analyses demonstrated the existence of significant 24-yr, 12-yr, and 2-yr cycles of variability. The results of the spatial correlations suggest that our reconstruction contains climatic signals for the southern Stanovoy Range and the northern Greater Higgnan Mountains. The positive correlations between the new reconstructed precipitation series and two precipitation reconstructions indicate that our precipitation reconstruction captures broad-scale regional climatic variations. A comparison between the weakening tendency of summer monsoon and the dry period of our reconstruction reveals that the annual precipitation in the Mohe region is partly influenced by the East Asian Summer Monsoon.
Mallampati classification without tongue protrusion can predict difficult tracheal intubation more accurately than the traditional Mallampati classification
Authors: Manabe Yozo , Iwamoto Shigeru , Miyawaki Hiroshi , Seo Katsuhiro , Sugiyama Kazuna 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroduction: The modified Mallampati classification (m‐MMT) is the most popular technique for predicting difficult tracheal intubation. However, tongue protrusion may sometimes hide the oropharynx when the distance of the mouth opening is short, and this may lead to false‐positive (FP) estimations of difficulty. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Mallampati classification with no tongue protrusion (NT‐MMT) can predict difficult tracheal intubation more accurately than the traditional m‐MMT method.Methods: A total of 748 patients requiring endotracheal intubation were enrolled in this study. They were evaluated by m‐MMT and by NT‐MMT prior to surgery. After induction of general anesthesia with muscle relaxation, all patients underwent direct laryngoscopy, and the best glottic view was recorded as defined by the grading system of Cormack and Lehane. The preoperative assessment data and the intubation findings were used to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the aforementioned tests in predicting difficult intubation.Results: NT‐MMT classification scored higher in all parameters than m‐MMT. Similarly, the coefficient of reliability of Spearman’s ρ test was higher with NT‐MMT than with m‐MMT.Conclusion: NT‐MMT is easy to perform and was more accurate in predicting difficult tracheal intubation than m‐MMT.
Temperature-dependent solvation modulates the dimensions of disordered proteins
Authors: Wuttke René , Hofmann Hagen , Nettels Daniel , Borgia Madeleine B. , Mittal Jeetain , Best Robert B. , Schuler Benjamin 
Published: March 2014

Significance
A large number of naturally occurring proteins are now known to be unstructured under physiological conditions. Many of these intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) bind other biological macromolecules or ligands and are involved in important regulatory processes in the cell. For understanding the structural basis of these functional properties, it is essential to quantify the balance of interactions that modulate the heterogeneous conformational distributions of IDPs and unfolded proteins in general. In contrast to the behavior expected for simple polymers with temperature-independent intramolecular interactions, unfolded proteins become more compact when the temperature is raised. Here, we show that the temperature dependence of the interactions of the constituent amino acid residues with the aqueous solvent have a dominant effect on this behavior.
T cells down-regulate macrophage TNF production by IRAK1-mediated IL-10 expression and control innate hyperinflammation
Authors: Inoue Makoto , Arikawa Tomohiro , Chen Yu-Hsun , Moriwaki Yasuhiro , Price Michael , Brown Michael , Perfect John R. , Shinohara Mari L. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Appropriate development of inflammation is essential to protect hosts from microbial infections, but inflammation can occasionally overshoot and cause collateral damage in hosts. Such hyperinflammation happens during endotoxemia and sepsis, and is attributed to excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines by host cells, such as macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate an unconventional mechanism by which T cells regulate cytokine production of macrophages. It is our general understanding that fast-acting immune cells (such as macrophages) “instruct” how T cells should behave through the step termed antigen presentation. However, what we show here is that T cells instruct macrophages to down-regulate a key proinflammatory cytokine, TNF, within hours after the initiation of endotoxemia.
Chapter 19. The embodied word
Authors: Panhofer Heidrun , Payne Helen , Parke Timothy , Meekums Bonnie 
Published: March 2014

During the last decades a narrative outlook has become very popular in many disciplines, including psychotherapy whose central model is based on the exteriorisation of inner worlds through verbalisation. The following chapter assesses the narrative tradition from an embodiment perspective and explores the extent to which the embodied experience can and needs to be worded. Stemming from the discipline of Dance Movement Psychotherapy (DMP), a psychotherapeutic approach which makes use of embodied perceptual practices such as movement, play and dance, it draws on a recent study (Panhofer 2009) which shows some of the limitations of language. Supporting a psycho-corporeal integration, it emphasizes other possible ways of communicating the embodied experience, such as through metaphors, images, and poetry. Where it is difficult to communicate an inner experience through verbal narration, such as practiced in verbal psychotherapy, metaphors, images and poetry may offer a useful alternative, alongside the embodied perceptual practices such as play, movement, and dance.
Chapter 12. The psychophysics of olfaction in the human newborn
Authors: Lipsitt Lewis P. , Rovee-Collier Carolyn 
Published: March 2014

Until the early 1960s, little was known about the human newborn’s ability to detect odors. At that time, the modern study of newborn olfaction was introduced by Trygg Engen in collaboration with Lewis Lipsitt, colleagues in the Psychology Department of Brown University. In two seminal studies, they demonstrated that newborns could not only detect pure olfactory stimuli, as opposed to odorous trigeminal irritants, but also could habituate to them over repeated presentations. These studies introduced numerous now-standard control procedures and compound stimuli to the habituation literature.	In another series of experiments on newborn olfactory psychophysics, infants directly scaled the subjective intensity of a log2 dilution series of concentrations of five members of an homologous series of aliphatic alcohols, which differ only in the number of carbons in their chemical chains. Newborn’s data were described by power functions that were inversely related to chain length. These functions permitted the role of chain length in newborn sensory adaptation to be examined. Two alcohol pairs, each composed of different chain lengths, were formed from concentrations that were equated for magnitude of responding within pairs. Members of each pair served as both the adapting stimulus and the test stimulus after two adapting intervals. Newborns exhibited either selective cross-adaptation or selective cross-facilitation, depending on the physical properties of odorants with different chain lengths, their order of presentation, and the adapting interval within each odor pair.	This body of work exemplifies Engen’s innovations in the science of olfaction with the human newborn. The systematic studies of Engen and his colleagues were the first to document the newborn’s highly developed and acute sense of smell and the significant effect of olfactory experience on newborn learning.
Chapter 14. The acquisition of odour preferences via evaluative olfactory conditioning
Authors: Zucco Gesualdo M. 
Published: March 2014

Odours are powerful in bringing back distant memories linked to emotional content. This inherent hedonic property of olfactory stimuli, together with poor accessibility to semantic processing and language, makes odour particularly suitable for studies on evaluative conditioning, a variant of Pavlovian classical conditioning, through which a neutral stimulus acquires the affective valence of another stimulus with which it is paired (Hermans & Baeyens, 2002; Levey & Martin, 1975, 1987). Investigations on olfactory evaluative learning have undergone a surge in recent decades, ranging from literature on taste aversions, emergence of phobias, unconscious and subliminal conditioning, and cross-modal conditioning (De Howver et al., 2001; Li et al., 2007; Rozin et al., 1998; Zucco et al., 2009), to the effect of odour conditioning on consuming attitude, cognitive performance, and somatic syndromes in humans (Schneider et al., 1999; Van den Bergh et al., 1999; Vermetten & Bremner, 2003; Zucco, Militello, & Doty, 2008). The aim of this chapter is, therefore, to examine the most relevant literature on preference acquisition via evaluative olfactory conditioning, from the earliest demonstrations to the most recent investigations.
Corpora in translator training
Authors: Kunz Kerstin , Castagnoli Sara , Kübler Natalie 
Published: March 2014

Within recent years, corpora have gained considerable importance in Translation Studies, and a number of studies have also appeared which show their value for translator training (e.g. Zanettin et al. 2003). However, results from a recent survey reveal that current practising and trainee translators still have insufficient awareness of corpora and expertise in using them to help in their translation workflow. In addition, while corpus linguistics courses are offered at some universities, no materials for self-learning are available to our knowledge: such materials might not only complement traditional courses, but would also be of special interest for professional translators, who are often under serious time constraints. This paper presents a free eLearning course on “Corpora for Translators” which has been developed by the EU-funded MeLLANGE project in an attempt to fill this gap. It deals with the use of corpora for different translation-related activities (e.g. source text analysis, translation proper, revision, terminology extraction) and is tailored to the needs of professional and trainee translators alike.
Relational competition during compound interpretation
Authors: Gagné Christina L. , Spalding Thomas L. 
Published: March 2014

The meaning of an endocentric compound (e.g. snowball) is derived not just from its constituents (snow and ball) but also from the relation between them (e.g. noun MADE OF modifier). We propose that, during the interpretation of an endocentric compound, various relational structures compete for selection, and that the fewer competitors the required relation has, the less time it takes the system to settle on that relation. We present results from three streams of empirical research. The first stream indicates that the availability of relational structures influences ease of processing. The second indicates that relations inhibit each other. The third indicates that relation availability is specific to a constituent’s use in a particular morphosyntactic role. We conclude by presenting a theoretical framework of compound interpretation.
The ‘fail to’ construction in Late Modern and Present-Day English
Authors: Egan Thomas 
Published: March 2014

This paper traces the development of the ‘fail to’ construction over the last three hundred years. In the eighteenth century, almost 95 percent of tokens of ‘fail to’ were negated. In corpora from the late twentieth century, on the other hand, fewer than 4 percent of all tokens of ‘fail to’ are negated. The nonLnegated ‘fail to’ construction may encode unsuccessful effort or neglect of duty on the part of the subject, or it may encode disappointment of the speaker’s expectations. It may even encode negation pure and simple. Special attention is paid to the growth in these uses of the construction in the nineteenth century. The question of whether or not ‘fail to’ is in the process of grammaticalizing is also addressed.
Travelling metaphors, transforming concepts
Authors: Hyvärinen Matti 
Published: March 2014

This volume discusses the travelling concepts of narrative. But what do we understand by “travelling concepts”? I address this issue by reading Mieke Bal, who originally suggested the term, and by scrutinizing the metaphor of travel itself. Do we assume that the concept of narrative has remained the same over the course of its travels? The chapter suggests that there are many levels to consider in using the term travellers: the abstract idea and metaphor of narrative, the concept, the narrative theory. Instead of mere travel, the concept of narrative itself has changed, often covertly, but with substantial consequences. The chapter discusses the difference between top-down and bottom-up approaches to narrativity in social research. The metaphorical discourse on narrative has enlarged the concept’s range of reference substantially and too far afield for many commentators, while keeping the criteria of the concept formal and conventional. The end of the chapter examines these narrative metaphors of life critically, finally by discussing the manner in which Ian McEwan’s novel On Chesil Beach thematizes and contests ubiquity and portability of narrative as a concept and metaphor.
TroX: a new method to learn about the genesis of aneuploidy from trisomic products of conception
Authors: Kermany Amir R. , Segurel Laure , Oliver Tiffany R. , Przeworski Molly 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Motivation : An estimated 10–30% of clinically recognized conceptions are aneuploid, leading to spontaneous miscarriages, in vitro fertilization failures and, when viable, severe developmental disabilities. With the ongoing reduction in the cost of genotyping and DNA sequencing, the use of high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for clinical diagnosis of aneuploidy and biomedical research into its causes is becoming common practice. A reliable, flexible and computationally feasible method for inferring the sources of aneuploidy is thus crucial.
Results : We propose a new method, TroX, for analyzing human trisomy data using high density SNP markers from a trisomic individual or product of conception and one parent. Using a hidden Markov model, we infer the stage of the meiotic error (I or II) and the individual in which non-disjunction event occurred, as well as the crossover locations on the trisomic chromosome. A novel and important feature of the method is its reliance on data from the proband and only one parent, reducing the experimental cost by a third and enabling a larger set of data to be used. We evaluate our method by applying it to simulated trio data as well as to genotype data for 282 trios that include a child trisomic for chromosome 21. The analyses show the method to be highly reliable even when data from only one parent are available. With the increasing availability of DNA samples from mother and fetus, application of approaches such as ours should yield unprecedented insights into the genetic risk factors for aneuploidy.
Availability and implementation : An R package implementing TroX is available for download at http://przeworski.uchicago.edu/
Contact : kermany@uchicago.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.