bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Application of a Model to Minimize Variability in a Vegetable Pulp Productive Process
Authors: Paladini Edson Pacheco , Avilés Bismayda Gómez , Broche Grettell Rangel , Gómez Addys Castellanos 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA model intended to minimize the variability in the productive process is described. Structured in the four phases of the Deming cycle, the model incorporated the online quality engineering to the current practices of the concentrated vegetable pulp industrial process. Based on the analysis of the factors inherent to the process, the variability in the raw material of the various providers was identified as the main cause of the instability in the physicochemical quality characteristics of the final product. To cope with this problem, the puree design was adapted by reformulating pulp mixtures so as to guarantee its insensibility to the variability initially introduced. The robustness of the process was achieved with the stability of the product's characteristics: consistency and acidity. This result had repercussions on the process efficiency as proven by the decrease in the value of the loss function, sign of the validity of the model to improve a productive process by minimizing variability.Practical ApplicationsIn the manufacturing process of concentrated vegetable pulps, nonconformities in product requirements are frequent, as reflected in customer's dissatisfaction and high production costs. This paper describes a model that creates and implements several improvements to minimize production operations variability in this industrial process. The results presented here show that the quality characteristics of finished products were stabilized and process efficiency has been increased. The proposed model can be applied in several similar situations, with the same tools and also the same structure of management actions.
An ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 5 gene mutation confers light green peel in cucumber
Authors: Zhou Qian , Wang Shenhao , Hu Bowen , Chen Huiming , Zhang Zhonghua , Huang Sanwen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe peel color of fruit is an important commercial trait in cucumber, but the underlying molecular basis is largely unknown. A mutant showing light green exocarp was discovered from ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutagenized cucumber line 406 with dark green exocarp. Genetic analysis showed the mutant phenotype is conferred by a single recessive gene, here designated as lgp (light green peel). By re‐sequencing of bulked segregants, we identified the candidate gene Csa7G051430 encoding ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 5 (ARC5) that plays a vital role in chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) causing amino acid alteration in the conserved GTPase domain of Csa7G051430 showed co‐segregation with the altered phenotype. Furthermore, the transient RNA interference of this gene resulted in reduced number and enlarged size of chloroplasts, which were also observed in the lgp mutant. This evidence supports that the non‐synonymous SNP in Csa7G051430 is the causative mutation for the light green peel. This study provides a new allele for cucumber breeding for light green fruits and additional resource for the study of chloroplast development.
Scientific Measurement of Sensory Preferences Using Stimulus Tetrads
Authors: Booth David A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper provides the evidence base to construct a professional standard for discriminative scaling of taints and optima. The measurement of suboptimal sensed characteristics of a product has logical and empirical requirements that specify a single overall rating of each sample in a tetrad. Those four pairs of response/stimulus data determine the discrimination distance of each sample from the comparison in memory used by the assessor, together with the position of that standard on the straight line specified by the two stimulus levels in the tetrad. The rating's reference anchor can be the match to a familiar version of the product or the personally most preferred level. Each sample can be assessed again for sensory and/or conceptual attributes, using vocabulary learned in life or by sensory training. Those data give the ideal or matching value of that verbal category and the individual's tolerance of deviations from that value.Practical ApplicationsThis paper is solely concerned with the practical use of difference tests to measure sensory taints and, by extension, to carry out to sensory optimization with considerable economy. Individual consumers' discriminatively scaled ideal or matching points can be aggregated across a purpose selected panel to give profiles of estimated market response to sensory intensities, concept impacts and/or product constituent levels, depending on the data collected. This scientifically fundamental approach to practical issues faced by sensory studies gives objective results that are specific, precise and directly relevant to the detection and identification of taints and the optimization of formulations for the market or the segment sampled by selected panel.
Outcome of Vaginoplasty in Male-to-Female Transgenders: A Systematic Review of Surgical Techniques
Authors: Horbach Sophie E.R. , Bouman Mark-Bram , Smit Jan Maerten , Özer Müjde , Buncamper Marlon E. , Mullender Margriet G. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Gender reassignment surgery is the keystone of the treatment of transgender patients. For male-to-female transgenders, this involves the creation of a neovagina. Many surgical methods for vaginoplasty have been opted. The penile skin inversion technique is the method of choice for most gender surgeons. However, the optimal surgical technique for vaginoplasty in transgender women has not yet been identified, as outcomes of the different techniques have never been compared.

Aim
With this systematic review, we aim to give a detailed overview of the published outcomes of all currently available techniques for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transgenders.

Methods
A PubMed and EMBASE search for relevant publications (1995–present), which provided data on the outcome of techniques for vaginoplasty in male-to-female transgender patients.

Main Outcome Measures
Main outcome measures are complications, neovaginal depth and width, sexual function, patient satisfaction, and improvement in quality of life (QoL).

Results
Twenty-six studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. The majority of these studies were retrospective case series of low to intermediate quality. Outcome of the penile skin inversion technique was reported in 1,461 patients, bowel vaginoplasty in 102 patients. Neovaginal stenosis was the most frequent complication in both techniques. Sexual function and patient satisfaction were overall acceptable, but many different outcome measures were used. QoL was only reported in one study. Comparison between techniques was difficult due to the lack of standardization.

Conclusions
The penile skin inversion technique is the most researched surgical procedure. Outcome of bowel vaginoplasty has been reported less frequently but does not seem to be inferior. The available literature is heterogeneous in patient groups, surgical procedure, outcome measurement tools, and follow-up. Standardized protocols and prospective study designs are mandatory for correct interpretation and comparability of data.
“Ah, I know why…”: children developing understandings through engaging with a picture book
Authors: Braid Christine , Finch Brian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article describes part of a study that explored the responses of nine‐ and ten‐year‐old children during a picturebook read aloud in a small group setting in a New Zealand classroom. The read aloud was interactive, where the participants were encouraged to respond to the book and to each other throughout the session. The authors created a framework for analysing the responses, adapting the model of Lawrence Sipe (2008) with its five categories of literary understanding, by expanding on the analytical category to enable a finer analysis of the responses. This article discusses the children's depth of thinking and the understandings they developed as they engaged with the read aloud. It also describes how the adapted framework allowed a closer analysis of these understandings, including the way the elements of art used in the illustrations contributed to the children's ideas. The findings suggest ways picturebooks can be used to promote children's thinking and how teachers can guide discussion about a complex text. Implications for use of the framework in further research are discussed.
Drought‐related tree mortality: addressing the gaps in understanding and prediction
Authors: Meir Patrick , Mencuccini Maurizio , Dewar Roderick C. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIncreased tree mortality during and after drought has become a research focus in recent years. This focus has been driven by: the realisation that drought‐related tree mortality is more widespread than previously thought; the predicted increase in the frequency of climate extremes this century; and the recognition that current vegetation models do not predict drought‐related tree mortality and forest dieback well despite the large potential effects of these processes on species composition and biogeochemical cycling. To date, the emphasis has been on understanding the causal mechanisms of drought‐related tree mortality, and on mechanistic models of plant function and vegetation dynamics, but a consensus on those mechanisms has yet to emerge. In order to generate new hypotheses and to help advance the modelling of vegetation dynamics in the face of incomplete mechanistic understanding, we suggest that general patterns should be distilled from the diverse and as‐yet inconclusive results of existing studies, and more use should be made of optimisation and probabilistic modelling approaches that have been successfully applied elsewhere in plant ecology. The outcome should inform new empirical studies of tree mortality, help improve its prediction and reduce model complexity.

Contents

Summary
28

I.
Introduction
28

II.
Gaps in our mechanistic understanding of drought‐related tree mortality
29

III.
Modelling mortality in the face of incomplete mechanistic understanding
30

IV.
Conclusion
31

Acknowledgements
31

References
31
Biomass allocation and long‐term growth patterns of temperate lianas in comparison with trees
Authors: Ichihashi Ryuji , Tateno Masaki 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe host‐dependent support habit of lianas is generally interpreted as a strategy designed to reduce resource investment in mechanical tissues; this allows preferential allocation to leaf and stem extension, thereby enhancing productivity and competitive abilities. However, this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested.We examined the aboveground allometries regarding biomass allocation (leaf mass and current‐year stem mass (approximated as biomass allocated to extension growth) vs total aboveground mass) and long‐term apparent growth patterns (height and aboveground mass vs age, i.e. numbers of growth rings) for nine deciduous liana species in Japan.Lianas had, on average, three‐ and five‐fold greater leaf and current‐year stem mass, respectively, than trees for a given aboveground mass, whereas the time course to reach the forest canopy was comparable and biomass accumulation during that period was only one‐tenth that of co‐occurring canopy trees. The balance between the lengths of yearly stem extension and existing older stems indicated that lianas lostc. 75% of stem length during growth to the canopy, which is probably a consequence of the host‐dependent growth.Our observations suggest that, although lianas rely on hosts mechanically, allowing for short‐term vigorous growth, this habit requires a large cost and could limit plant growth over protracted periods.
Policing and punishment across the domains of social evolution
Authors: Singh Manvir , Boomsma Jacobus J. 
Published: March 2015

Several decades of research in humans, other vertebrates, and social insects have offered fascinating insights into the dynamics of punishment (and its subset, policing), but authors have only rarely addressed whether there are fundamental joint principles underlying the maintenance of these behaviors. Here we present a punisher/bystander approach rooted in inclusive fitness logic to predict which individuals should take on punishing roles in animal societies. We apply our scheme to societies of eusocial Hymenoptera and nonhuman vertebrate social breeders, and we outline potential extensions for understanding conflict regulation among cells in metazoan bodies and unrelated individuals in human societies. We highlight that: 1) no social unit is expected to express punishment behavior unless it collects positive inclusive fitness benefits that surpass alternative benefits of bystanding; 2) punishment with public good benefits can be maintained through either direct fitness benefits (coercion) or indirect fitness benefits (correction) or both; 3) differences across social systems in the distributions of power, relatedness, and reproductive options drive variation in the extent to which individuals actively punish; and 4) inclusive fitness logic captures many punishment‐relevant evolutionary and ecological variables in a single framework that appears to apply across very different types of social arrangements.SynthesisResearchers have long observed that individuals in animal societies punish (and by extension, police) each other, but they have rarely investigated whether general principles underlie this behavior across social arrangements. In this paper, we present a punisher/bystander approach rooted in inclusive fitness logic to predict which individuals should take on punisher roles in animal societies. We apply the approach to eusocial insects and cooperatively breeding vertebrates and outline extensions towards the control of cancer cell lineages and punishment in human groups. We highlight how variation in specific social variables may drive differences in punishing/policing across the social domains.
Role of atopy patch test for diagnosis of food allergy‐related gastrointestinal symptoms in children
Authors: Boonyaviwat Onsuree , Pacharn Punchama , Jirapongsananuruk Orathai , Vichyanond Pakit , Visitsunthorn Nualanong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge is the gold standard for diagnosing food allergy. However, it is a time‐consuming procedure and requires onsite medical supervision and resuscitating medicines and devices on hand. The objective of this study was to compare the atopy patch test (APT) with the oral food challenge test (OFC) in children with suspected food allergy‐related gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.MethodsA prospective self‐controlled study enrolled children with a history of suspected food allergy‐related GI symptoms. Skin prick test (SPT) and APT using lyophilized and commercial allergen extracts for cow's milk, egg, wheat, soy, and shrimp were evaluated, and OFC was performed.ResultsThirty‐nine patients (25 boys, median age 2.4 yrs) with 76 events of suspected food allergy‐related GI symptoms were enrolled. SPT was positive in 11/76 events (14.5%). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratio were calculated related to the food challenge outcome. Of 41 OFC, 30 (73.2%) were positive. APT using lyophilized allergen extracts yielded high sensitivity (80%) and high positive predictive value (85.7%). APT using commercial allergen extracts yielded low sensitivity (30%) but high specificity (90%). The negative predictive value of APT using lyophilized and commercial allergen extracts was 53.8% and 32.2%, respectively. All cases with positive APT using lyophilized allergen extracts together with positive SPT also had positive OFC.ConclusionIn contrast to commercial extracts, APT with lyophilized allergen extracts is reliable, safe, and maybe useful for the diagnosis of suspected food allergy‐related GI symptoms in children. OFC is still needed in most of the cases.
Functional dissection of a strong and specific microbe‐associated molecular pattern‐responsive synthetic promoter
Authors: Lehmeyer Mona , Kanofsky Konstantin , Hanko Erik K. R. , Ahrendt Sarah , Wehrs Maren , Machens Fabian , Hehl Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

SummarySynthetic promoters are important for temporal and spatial gene expression in transgenic plants. To identify novel microbe‐associated molecular pattern (MAMP)‐responsive cis‐regulatory sequences for synthetic promoter design, a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches was employed. One cis‐sequence was identified which confers strong MAMP‐responsive reporter gene activity with low background activity. The 35‐bp‐long cis‐sequence was identified in the promoter of the Arabidopsis thaliana DJ1E gene, a homologue of the human oncogene DJ1. In this study, this cis‐sequence is shown to be a tripartite cis‐regulatory module (CRM). A synthetic promoter with four copies of the CRM linked to a minimal promoter increases MAMP‐responsive reporter gene expression compared to the wild‐type DJ1E promoter. The CRM consists of two WT‐boxes (GGACTTTT and GGACTTTG) and a variant of the GCC‐box (GCCACC), all required for MAMP and salicylic acid (SA) responsivity. Yeast one‐hybrid screenings using a transcription factor (TF)‐only prey library identified two AP2/ERFs, ORA59 and ERF10, interacting antagonistically with the CRM. ORA59 activates reporter gene activity and requires the consensus core sequence GCCNCC for gene expression activation. ERF10 down‐regulates MAMP‐responsive gene expression. No TFs interacting with the WT‐boxes GGACTTTT and GGACTTTG were selected in yeast one‐hybrid screenings with the TF‐only prey library. In transgenic Arabidopsis, the synthetic promoter confers strong and specific reporter gene activity in response to biotrophs and necrotrophs as well as SA.
Prognostic and predictive significance of immune cells infiltrating cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Ladányi Andrea 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe tumor microenvironment is shaped by interactions between malignant cells and host cells representing an integral component of solid tumors. Host cells, including elements of the innate and adaptive immune system, can exert both positive and negative effects on the outcome of the disease. In melanoma, studies on the prognostic impact of the lymphoid infiltrate in general, and that of T cells, yielded controversial results. According to our studies and data in the literature, a high peritumoral density of activated T cells, increased amount of B lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells (DCs) predicted longer survival, while intense infiltration by plasmacytoid DCs or neutrophil granulocytes could be associated with poor prognosis. Besides its prognostic value, evaluation of the components of immune infiltrate could provide biomarkers for predicting the efficacy of the treatment and disease outcome in patients treated with immunotherapy or other, non‐immune‐based modalities as chemo‐, radio‐, or targeted therapy.
Pediatric Dermatology Training During Residency: A Survey of the 2014 Graduating Residents
Authors: Akhavan Alaleh , Murphy‐Chutorian Blair , Friedman Adam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge of pediatric dermatology is considered a core competency of dermatology training and should be expected of all practicing dermatologists. While the numbers of both pediatric dermatology fellowships and board certified pediatric dermatologists in the workforce have increased over the years, recent reports suggest that there is a gap in pediatric dermatology education during dermatology residency. The goal of this study is to assess the current state of pediatric education during residency, as well as the clinical experience, satisfaction and expectations of graduating dermatology residents.MethodsA 31‐question self‐report survey was distributed electronically to 294 third‐year dermatology residents with questions pertaining to demographics, didactic education, resident experience in pediatric dermatology training, satisfaction with pediatric training and future plans.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐three residents responded (41.8% response rate) representing approximately 29.1% of the total number of graduating residents. 69 (56.1%) residents reported academic time specifically devoted to pediatric dermatology, the majority (79.7%) of which was led by pediatric dermatologists. 82% of residents reported dedicated pediatric dermatology clinics at their program. 86.8% of respondents felt that their training in pediatric dermatology will allow them to confidently see pediatric dermatology patients in practice.ConclusionsThis survey highlights a promising state of pediatric dermatology training among current graduating dermatology residents. The majority of current graduating dermatology residents are satisfied with their pediatric dermatology education, feel confident treating pediatric patients, and plan to see pediatric patients in clinical practice.
Intimacy, communication, and aggressive behaviors: Variations by phases of romantic relationship development
Authors: REESE‐WEBER MARLA 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study examined how phases of romantic relationship development (honeymoon, defining, and established) were related to positive and negative relationship qualities. Participants (N = 136) completed self‐report measures. Results found significant differences between phases of romantic relationship development for all three positive relationship qualities, but each had a unique pattern of variation: (a) levels of intimacy had a linear increase across phases, (b) constructive communication strategies were higher in the established phase as compared with the earlier phases, and (c) negotiation was higher in both the defining and established phases as compared to the honeymoon phase. Results for negative relationships qualities found an inverted U‐shaped pattern for both destructive communication strategies and psychological aggression.
Insecure attachment and depressive symptoms: Forgiveness of self and others as moderators
Authors: LIAO KELLY YU‐HSIN , WEI MEIFEN 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMost of the research on forgiveness has examined forgiveness of others, but not forgiveness of self even though researchers have argued that the latter deserves more attention. To fill this gap in the literature, and based on attachment theory's internal working models of self and others, this study examined forgiveness of self and others as moderators in the association between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms. A total of 403 undergraduate students participated in the study. Results supported the moderator role of forgiveness of self. Specifically, at high levels of forgiveness of self, the association between insecure attachment (i.e., anxiety and avoidant attachment) and depressive symptoms was not significant. The results did not support forgiveness of others as a moderator.