bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light and nutrient effects on the settling characteristics of the sea ice diatom Nitzschia frigida
Authors: Aumack C. F. , Juhl A. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSea ice‐algae contribute significantly to Arctic primary production and play an important role in the life histories of planktonic and benthic consumers after the algae are released from the sea ice habitat. Following export from the ice, the extent to which fresh algal material is available to planktonic or benthic consumers is dependent on residence time in the water column, initially related to particle settling rate. Laboratory experiments using isolated Nitzschia frigida, a common sea ice diatom, were conducted to ascertain the effects of nutrient (N, P, and Si) and light limitation on settling characteristics of the algal material. While settling characteristics of N‐ and P‐limited cultures were not significantly different from controls grown under light and nutrient‐replete conditions, significant differences from the controls were found for light and Si limitation. Differences between treatments were evidenced by changes in the proportion of each population that had particular settling rates, rather than by changes in the range of settling rates measured within a treatment. Thus, fast (> 20 m d−1) and slow‐sinking particles (< 2 m d−1) were found in all cultures, but compared to the controls, a larger percentage of fast‐sinking particles were observed under Si limitation while a larger percentage of slow‐sinking material was observed under light limitation. While N. frigida is just one member of the sea ice algal assemblage, its prevalence in Arctic land‐fast sea ice means these results may be representative of the broader Arctic nearshore ice‐algae community. As such, abiotic conditions within Arctic sea ice, such as nutrient availability and depth of overlying snow (which affects the light field in the ice), could influence the amount of algae‐derived material available to different components of the underlying marine food web.
Dependence of pH in coastal waters on the adsorption of protons onto sediment minerals
Authors: Lee Junghyun , Kim Guebuem 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe measured pH, total alkalinity (TAlk), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and δ13C‐DIC in groundwater of a subterranean estuary in Hwasun Bay in the volcanic island of Jeju, Korea. In the sandy aquifer, the pH values (7.4 ± 0.2) of fresh groundwater increased sharply to ∼ 10 and then behaved conservatively in the mixing zone between alkalified fresh groundwater and seawater. The distributions of δ13C‐DIC, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in coastal groundwater, along with the results from lab experiments on sediment columns, suggest that the increase of pH in this subterranean estuary is associated with the adsorption of protons (protonation) onto sandy sediments, rather than other geochemical processes. Our lab experiments showed that the protonation (1) occurs commonly for various sediments of Jeju Island, (2) increases pH effectively for low‐salinity (salinity < 10) groundwater, and (3) depends on the relative amount of transition metal (i.e., Fe, Ti, and Mn) oxides. The chamber experiments at the interface of seawater and groundwater indicate the direct seepage of high pH water into the ocean. This increase in pH leads to corresponding uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere. Thus, our result suggests that the reaction between groundwater and coastal sediments should be considered as an important driver of pH change that regulates the magnitude of chemical species in coastal groundwater seeping into the ocean at the volcanic island, Jeju, Korea.
Ferrofluids lubrication: a status report
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Xiaolei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFerrofluids (FFs) are stable colloidal suspensions composed of single‐domain magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in a carrier liquid. And it is an intelligent material, exhibiting normal liquid behaviour coupled with superparamagnetic properties. Since the properties and the location of these fluids can easily be influenced by a magnetic field, FFs have recently attracted many scientific, industrial and commercial applications. Lubrication is one of the most important applications for FFs, and the advantage of FFs as lubricant, over the conventional ones, is that the former can be retained at the desired location with moderate magnetic fields. The main focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive review on FFs lubrication theories based on the three flow models of Neuringer–Rosensweig, Shliomis and Jenkins. Besides, a few experimental studies on FFs lubrication are discussed briefly. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible‐Light Initiated Free‐Radical/Cationic Ring‐Opening Hybrid Photopolymerization of Methacrylate/Epoxy: Polymerization Kinetics, Crosslinking Structure, and Dynamic Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ge Xueping , Ye Qiang , Song Linyong , Misra Anil , Spencer Paulette 
Published: February 2015

The effects of polymerization kinetics and chemical miscibility on the crosslinking structure and mechanical properties of polymers cured by visible‐light initiated free‐radical/cationic ring‐opening hybrid photopolymerization are determined. A three‐component initiator system is used and the monomer system contains methacrylates and epoxides. The photopolymerization kinetics is monitored in situ by Fourier transform infrared‐attenuated total reflectance. The crosslinking structure is studied by modulated differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. X‐ray microcomputed tomography is used to evaluate microphase separation. The mechanical properties of polymers formed by hybrid polymerization are comparable to the control formed by free‐radical polymerization. These investigations mark the first time that the benefits of the chain transfer reaction between epoxy and hydroxyl groups of methacrylate, on the crosslinking network and microphase separation during hybrid visible‐light initiated photopolymerization, have been determined.
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Synthesis of Alternating Low‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymers Based on Dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]naphtho[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene and Enhancement of Photovoltaic Properties with Solvent Additives
Authors: Xia Yangjun , Wang Jianlong , Li Jianfeng , Guo Pengzhi , Tong Junfeng , Zhang Peng , Yang Chunyan , Fan Duowang 
Published: February 2015

Two alternating low‐bandgap conjugated polymers with 10,11‐di(3,7‐dimethyloctyloxy)di‐thieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]naphtho[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (NDT) as electron‐donor moieties and N,N′‐di(2‐hexyldecyl)isoindigo (ID) or bis(thieno‐2‐yl)‐N,N′‐bis(2‐hexyldecyl)‐1,4‐dioxo‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole (DPP) as electron‐acceptor moieties, respectively named as PNDT‐ID and PNDT‐DPP, are firstly synthesized and characterized. The polymers exhibit appropriate energy levels, good solution processabilities and broad light absorption properties; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 0.16%–0.19% for the photovoltaic solar cells (PVCs) from the blend films of the polymers and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) are very low. The performances of the PVCs from the polymers are remarkably increased when a very small amount of 1,8‐diiodooctance (DIO) or diphenyl sulfide (DPS) is used as solvent additives, and the maximal PCEs of 3.79% and 5.01% are respectively achieved in the PVCs from the blend films of PNDT‐ID/PC71BM (W:W, 1:1.5) and PNDT‐DPP/PC71BM (W:W, 1:1.5), with DPS as solvent additives under 100 mW cm−2 illumination (AM 1.5G).
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Macroscopic Properties of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene Networks: An Atomistic and Coarse‐Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Glagolev Mikhail K. , Lazutin Alexei А. , Vasilevskaya Valentina V. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe influence of the cross‐linking agent concentration on the macroscopic properties of hypercrosslinked polystyrene networks was studied by means of computer experiment. The computer experiment includes the consecutive stages molecular dynamics atomistic simulation of a polystyrene solution, the mapping of atomistic structure onto coarse‐grained model, the crosslink formation, the reverse mapping, the determination of properties of samples (elastic modulus and specific surface). The measurements of elastic modulus and specific surface were performed in frameworks of coarse‐grained and atomistic presentation. It was shown that for both models the elastic modulus increases while the specific surface decreases with increase of the number of crosslinks. Both models give very close values for specific surface whereas the elastic moduli determined from atomistic simulations could be an order of magnitude greater than the values calculated using the coarse‐grained representation of the same sample. The calculated values of the elastic modulus and specific surface are in reasonable quantitative correspondence with experimental data.
Star Brushes Under Deformation: Structure and Thermodynamics
Authors: Polotsky Alexey A. , Misorin Alexey K. , Zhulina Ekaterina B. , Birshtein Tatiana M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA planar polymer brush of arm‐grafted polymer stars subjected to external deformation is studied theoretically We propose a simple mean‐field model of the star brush that takes into account segregation of the brush‐forming stars in two populations: (i) those with weakly extended arms and (ii) those with a very strongly stretched grafting arm (stem) and all free arms extended towards brush periphery. The polymer density profile in the brush is assumed to have a “two‐step” shape. Stars in the extended population are assumed to be equally stretched, the position of extended stars' branching points sets the boundary between two parts of the brush. We show that the theory quantitatively accurately describes earlier numerical results obtained with Scheutjens‐Fleer numerical self‐consistent field (SF‐SCF) approach for free (non‐deformed) star brush. We study compression of a star brush by an impenetrable plane by using two complementary models, the SF‐ SCF approach and the developed mean‐field theory, and demonstrate a very good quantitative agreement between the two models. It is shown than depending on the grafting density of the stars, compression could affect the two‐population brush structure in opposite ways. In sparsely grafted brushes the fraction of stars in the stretched population increases while in densely grafted brushes it decreases with deformation.
Similarity reductions and similarity solutions for the generalized diffusion equation
Authors: Moussa M. H. M. , Abd Al‐Halim Zidan M. 
Published: February 2015

Herein, the generalized diffusion equation that encompasses the nonlinear diffusion equation with a source term and the Boussinesq equation in hydrology as its particular form and appears in a wide variety of physical and engineering applications has been analyzed via symmetry method that was developed by Steinberg.According to physical situations, in each case, the similarity variables obtained have led us to an ordinary differential equation, and we acquire some new solutions by solving the ODEs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Resveratrol increases CD68+ Kupffer cells colocalized with adipose differentiation‐related protein and ameliorates high‐fat‐diet‐induced fatty liver in mice
Authors: Nishikawa Kahoko , Iwaya Keiichi , Kinoshita Manabu , Fujiwara Yoko , Akao Mai , Sonoda Mariko , Thiruppathi Suresh , Suzuki Takayoshi , Hiroi Sadayuki , Seki Shuhji , Sakamoto Toshihisa 
Published: February 2015

ScopeResveratrol reportedly improves fatty liver. This study purposed to elucidate the effect of resveratrol on fatty liver in mice fed a high‐fat (HF) diet, and to investigate the role of liver macrophages (Kupffer cells).Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups, receiving either a control diet, HF diet (50% fat), or HF supplemented with 0.2% resveratrol (HF + res) diet, for 8 weeks. Compared with the HF group, the HF + res group exhibited markedly attenuated fatty liver, and reduced lipid droplets (LDs) in hepatocytes. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the most downregulated protein in the livers of the HF + res group was adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADFP), which is a major constituent of LDs and reflects lipid accumulation in cells. The HF + res group exhibited greatly increased numbers of CD68+ Kupffer cells with phagocytic activity. Immunohistochemistry showed that several CD68+ Kupffer cells were colocalized with ADFP immunoreaction in the HF + res group. Additionally, the HF + res group demonstrated markedly decreased TNF‐alpha production, which confirmed by both liver mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS in vitro and in situ hybridization analysis, compared with the HF group.ConclusionResveratrol ameliorated fatty liver and increased CD68‐positive Kupffer cells with downregulating ADFP expression.
Retrospectively gated intracardiac 4D flow MRI using spiral trajectories
Authors: Petersson Sven , Sigfridsson Andreas , Dyverfeldt Petter , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan , Ebbers Tino 
Published: February 2015

PurposeTo develop and evaluate retrospectively gated spiral readout four‐dimensional (4D) flow MRI for intracardiac flow analysis.MethodsRetrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI was implemented on a 1.5‐tesla scanner. The spiral sequence was compared against conventional Cartesian 4D flow (SENSE [sensitivity encoding] 2) in seven healthy volunteers and three patients (only spiral). In addition to comparing flow values, linear regression was used to assess internal consistency of aortic versus pulmonary net volume flows and left ventricular inflow versus outflow using quantitative pathlines analysis.ResultsTotal scan time with spiral 4D flow was 44% ± 6% of the Cartesian counterpart (13 ± 3 vs. 31 ± 7 min). Aortic versus pulmonary flow correlated strongly for the spiral sequence (P < 0.05, slope = 1.03, R2 = 0.88, N = 10), whereas the linear relationship for the Cartesian sequence was not significant (P = 0.06, N = 7). Pathlines analysis indicated good data quality for the spiral (P < 0.05, slope = 1.02, R2 = 0.90, N = 10) and Cartesian sequence (P < 0.05, slope = 1.10, R2 = 0.93, N = 7). Spiral and Cartesian peak flow rate (P < 0.05, slope = 0.96, R2 = 0.72, N = 14), peak velocity (P < 0.05, slope = 1.00, R2 = 0.81, N = 14), and pathlines flow components (P < 0.05, slope = 1.04, R2 = 0.87, N = 28) correlated well.ConclusionRetrospectively gated spiral 4D flow MRI permits more than two‐fold reduction in scan time compared to conventional Cartesian 4D flow MRI, while maintaining similar data quality. Magn Reson Med 75:196–206, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional impact of vibratory proprioceptive assistance in patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Ribot‐Ciscar Edith , Milhe‐De Bovis Virginie , Aimonetti Jean‐Marc , Lapeyssonnie Bernard , Campana‐Salort Emmanuelle , Pouget Jean , Attarian Shahram 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we analyzed the effects of a rehabilitation method based on the use of vibratory proprioceptive assistance (VPA) in subjects with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. Methods: Eight subjects were given 1 month of mechanical vibratory treatment that consisted of 8 sessions of 40‐min stimulation on the more affected side. During each session, illusory movements were induced as follows: sensations of extension or flexion of the forearm or elevation of the arm via vibration applied to the distal tendon of the biceps brachialis (BB), triceps brachialis (TB), or pectoralis major muscles (PM), respectively, and of elevation of the arm with extension or flexion of the forearm via vibration of PM+BB or PM+TB, respectively. Results: Treatment led to a significant increase in the amplitude of voluntary shoulder flexion, constant score, and self‐rated health. Conclusion: VPA may serve as a rehabilitation method for reducing the deleterious effects of decline in motor activities. Muscle Nerve 52: 780–787, 2015
DBC1 is involved in adipocyte inflammation and is a possible marker of human adipose tissue senescence
Authors: Moreno‐Navarrete José María , Moreno María , Vidal Marta , Ortega Francisco , Ricart Wifredo , Fernández‐Real José Manuel 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible role of deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) in adipocyte and adipose tissue inflammation.MethodsIn vitro knockdown experiments using shRNA‐lentiviral particles were performed to investigate the effect of DBC1 on adipocyte inflammation, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) activity, and the AMPK pathway. The relationship between DBC1 and inflammation in human adipose tissue also was examined in two independent cohorts.ResultsDbc1 knockdown (KD) led to a significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (Tnf, Il6, Stamp2, Lbp, and Mcp1) and pSer536NF‐κB (p65)/NF‐κB (p65) ratio in fully differentiated adipocytes. Of note, Dbc1 KD increased Sirt1 and AMPK activity in the early stage of adipocyte differentiation. In morbidly obese participants, DBC1 was positively correlated to TNF and senescence (TP53 and BAX) gene expression markers in both subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that senescence‐related gene markers were the best predictors of adipose tissue DBC1 mRNA levels.ConclusionsDBC1 induced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB)‐regulated inflammatory cytokines in fully differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, possibly through the inhibition of Sirt1 activity, being significantly associated with human adipose tissue senescence in morbidly obese subjects.
Risk of hyperkalemia and combined use of spironolactone and long‐term ACE inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy in heart failure using real‐life data: a population‐ and insurance‐based cohort
Authors: Abbas Sascha , Ihle Peter , Harder Sebastian , Schubert Ingrid 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeClinical trials and few observational studies report increased hyperkalemia risks in heart failure patients receiving aldosterone blockers in addition to standard therapy. The aim of this study is to assess the hyperkalemia risk and combined use of spironolactone and long‐term ACE (angiotensin‐converting enzyme) inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) therapy for heart failure in a real‐life setting of a heterogeneous population.MethodsUsing claims data of the statutory health insurance fund AOK, covering 30% of the German population, we performed a nested case–control study in a cohort of heart failure patients receiving continuous ACE/ARB therapy (n = 1,491,894). Hyperkalemia risk associated with concurrent use of spironolactone and ACE/ARB was calculated by conditional logistic regression in 1062 cases and 10,620 risk‐set‐sampling‐matched controls.ResultsRisk of hyperkalemia in heart failure patients was significantly associated with spironolactone use (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 13.59 (11.63–15.88) in all and 11.05 (8.67–14.08) in those with information on New York Heart Association (NYHA) stage of disease). In the NYHA subpopulation, higher risk estimates were observed in short‐term as compared with long‐term users (OR (95%CI) = 13.00 (9.82–17.21) and 9.12 (6.78–12.26), respectively). Moreover, the association was stronger in older (≥70 years of age) as compared with younger patients (<70 years of age) (OR (95%CI) = 12.32 (9.35–16.23) and 8.73 (5.05–15.08), respectively), although interaction was not significant (pinteraction = 0.07).ConclusionsHyperkalemia risk associated with combined use of spironolactone and ACE/ARB is much stronger in real‐life practice than observed in clinical trials. Careful potassium level monitoring in concomitant users of spironolactone and ACE/ARB is necessary. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse event following immunization surveillance systems for pregnant women and their infants: a systematic review
Authors: Cassidy Christine , MacDonald Noni E. , Steenbeek Audrey , Top Karina A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization's Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization has declared that maternal immunization is a key priority. Robust adverse event following immunization (AEFI) surveillance systems that capture outcomes in pregnant women and their infants are needed to ensure the safety of maternal immunization programs. We sought to identify the active and passive AEFI surveillance systems for pregnant women and their offspring described in the literature.MethodsA systematic literature review was conducted of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases from 1990 to 2014. English‐language articles were reviewed if they included pregnant women as the population of interest and described the surveillance method used.ResultsOf 619 articles retrieved from the search, 16 met the criteria for review. These included reports of AEFI surveillance for pregnant women, their offspring, or both. The majority of reports (11/16) came from the USA and described findings on two active and four passive AEFI surveillance systems, only three of which specifically targeted pregnant women. The remaining five articles described one‐time AEFI surveillance programs, all in high‐income countries.ConclusionThere are no published reports outside of the USA of ongoing AEFI surveillance systems that specifically target pregnant women or their offspring. There may be AEFI surveillance systems that capture events in these populations that have not been reported in the literature. A survey of immunization program managers and national regulatory authorities is needed to determine the current status of AEFI surveillance for pregnant women and their offspring globally. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence of liver injury among cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in an integrated health system
Authors: Ulcickas Yood Marianne , Bortolini Michele , Casso Deborah , Beck Jean G. , Oliveria Susan A. , Wells Karen E. , Woodcroft Kimberley J. , Wang Lisa I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPurposeUsing liver laboratory tests (LLTs), Hy's law is a method used to identify drug‐induced liver injury (DILI), after excluding other causes. Elevated LLTs in chemotherapy‐exposed patients may result from tumor effects or comorbidities. This study evaluated incidence of Hy's law in chemotherapy‐treated cancer patients.MethodsWe identified breast, colorectal, and lung cancer patients diagnosed in 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2007 at a Midwestern health system. Using automated data, potential Hy's law (PHL) cases were defined by patterns of elevated LLTs suggestive of DILI. Among those treated with chemotherapy, we excluded PHL patients with pre‐existing conditions that could cause liver injury, producing a cohort meeting Hy's law criteria, according to automated data. Medical record review, conducted among these automated data‐derived Hy's law patients, further excluded those with causes of liver injury other than chemotherapy.ResultsUsing automated data, among chemotherapy‐exposed patients (N = 2788), 91 (3.3%) met PHL criteria using LLTs and 64 (2.3%) met Hy's law after excluding underlying liver injury using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. After a medical record review, 62 of 64 patients qualifying as Hy's law through automated data had other potential causes, leaving two patients (0.07%; 95%CI: 0.01–0.24%) with chemotherapy as a likely alternative cause of liver injury.ConclusionsAbnormal LLTs are common in chemotherapy‐treated patients. Medical record review showed that the incidence of Hy's law events is rare. These data provide context for evaluating DILI in clinical trials and postmarketing surveillance of anticancer therapies, understanding that automated data alone may substantially overestimate the number of Hy's law cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.