bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective cohort study of 4591 Straumann implants in private practice setting, with up to 10‐year follow‐up. Part 1: multivariate survival analysis
Authors: French David , Larjava Hannu , Ofec Ronen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this retrospective, noninterventional, open cohort study is to report on the long‐term survival of dental implants, in private practice representing the daily realities of implant treatment. The data are analyzed to discern statistical relationships between explanatory variables and implant failure.Materials and methodsA total of 4591 Straumann implants were placed in 2060 patients between 1999 and 2012. Patients were evaluated after 2–3 months, 1, 3, 5, and 7 years and, in some cases, up to 10 years. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated according to the life table method and illustrated with Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Univariate analysis was performed to investigate the association between study variables and time to implant‐failure. Variables with P ‐value < 0.15 were further selected for a multivariate analysis. Statistical methods which take into account the fact that some patients have more than one implant (therefore, dependency between implants within mouth) had been applied.ResultsAt the implant level, the cumulative survival rates at 3, 5, and 7 years were 99.3%, 99.0%, and 98.4%, respectively, and at the patient level, they were 98.6%, 97.7%, and 95.9%, respectively. After adjustment to possible confounders, the multivariate analysis identified a relationship between the following risk indicators for implant failure: implant location, length and design, timing of implantation, bone grafting procedures and gender. Tissue‐Level implants (n = 3863) had a very high survival rate of 99% at 3 years, which was maintained over the entire study period. Bone‐Level implants (n = 600) were as predictable with a survival rate of 99% up to 3 years, while Tapered Effect implants (n = 128) demonstrated a lower survival rate of 95% at 5 years. Short 6‐mm implants in the mandibular posterior sites had a high survival rate of 100%, while in maxillary posterior positions a survival rate of only 87% was achieved. Patient factors such as smoking, autoimmune disease, and penicillin allergy were tending to associate with higher failure rates.ConclusionHigh long‐term survival rates were observed for a large cohort of Straumann implants. Tissue‐ and Bone‐Level implants had higher survival rates than Tapered Effect implants, and although short implants faired well in the mandibular posterior sites, they faired less well in the maxillary posterior sites. The study represents private practice insight into large‐scale, long‐term implant results.
Identifying correlates of success and failure of native freshwater fish reintroductions
Authors: Cochran‐Biederman Jennifer L. , Wyman Katherine E. , French William E. , Loppnow Grace L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReintroduction of imperiled native freshwater fish is becoming an increasingly important conservation tool amidst persistent anthropogenic pressures and new threats related to climate change. We summarized trends in native fish reintroductions in the current literature, identified predictors of reintroduction outcome, and devised recommendations for managers attempting future native fish reintroductions. We constructed random forest classifications using data from 260 published case studies of native fish reintroductions to estimate the effectiveness of variables in predicting reintroduction outcome. The outcome of each case was assigned as a success or failure on the basis of the author's perception of the outcome and on whether or not survival, spawning, or recruitment were documented during post‐reintroduction monitoring. Inadequately addressing the initial cause of decline was the best predictor of reintroduction failure. Variables associated with habitat (e.g., water quality, prey availability) were also good predictors of reintroduction outcomes, followed by variables associated with stocking (e.g., genetic diversity of stock source, duration of stocking event). Consideration of these variables by managers during the planning process may increase the likelihood for successful outcomes in future reintroduction attempts of native freshwater fish.Identificación de Correlaciones de Éxito y Fracaso de Reintroducciones de Peces de Nativos Agua Dulce
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE FDI‐INEQUALITY NEXUS
Authors: Lin Shu‐Chin , Kim Dong‐Hyeon , Lee Yi‐Huey 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article empirically investigates whether the link between foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality varies with financial development. Using a smooth transition regression model to a panel of developing and advanced countries over the period of 1976–2005, the results indicate that financial development indeed defines the relationship between FDI and inequality. FDI raises income inequality and the effect becomes stronger in magnitude with financial sophistication. The results also indicate a large variation in the FDI effect across countries and over time, contingent on financial development. (JEL C23, F40, O15)
Faculty development for clinical teachers in dental education
Authors: Møystad A. , Lycke K. H. , Barkvoll T. A. , Lauvås P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDental education has been reviewed, and suggestions for further enhancement include the implementation of faculty development activities to enhance teaching and learning environments.PurposeThe aim of this study was to gain insight into the participants' perceptions of outcomes of faculty development for clinical teachers and clinical learning environments as well as into the sustainability of such outcomes.MethodsThe program was organized in the form of (i) a 2‐day seminar; (ii) collegial supervision and development projects; and (iii) a 1‐day follow‐up seminar. The participants' perceptions from the five‐first programs were studied. A Web‐based questionnaire was sent to all participants, that is 3–27 months after completion of the program (follow‐up survey).ResultsThe outcomes of the program (response rate 70%) indicate a strong impact of the program on the clinical teachers' competence and on the clinical learning environments. The teachers report that they think more about what their students really learn, have become more conscious about how they supervise and have been stimulated to become better teachers. The learning environment as well as collaboration, and calibration between teachers have improved. The novice teachers report greater benefits than do the experienced teachers. The participants initiated a variety of development projects during the program. The majority of the participants continued the development activities.ConclusionsThe faculty development program presented confirms that faculty development activities for clinical teachers based on theories of learning and experiences documented in the literature can be implemented with positive outcomes for individual teachers and for the learning environments.
Deferasirox for iron chelation in multitransfused children with sickle cell disease; long‐term experience in the East London clinical haemoglobinopathy network
Authors: Tsouana Eva , Kaya Banu , Gadong Nimze , Hemmaway Claire , Newell Heather , Simmons Andrea , Whitmarsh Simon , Telfer Paul 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDeferasirox (DFX) has been licensed for iron chelation in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but there is limited data on its long‐term efficacy and safety in children.This retrospective study included 62 regularly transfused children managed in the East London and Essex Clinical Haemoglobinopathy Network (mean age 9.2 ± 3.2 yr). Efficacy measurements consisted of monthly serum ferritin (SF) and annual R2 MRI‐estimated liver iron concentration (LIC), and safety markers included serum creatinine and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).The mean duration of DFX treatment was 2.5 ± 1.4 yr, and mean dose at 36 months was 25 mg/kg/d. Mean SF at initiation of treatment was 2542 ± 952 ng/mL and increased to 4691 ± 2255 ng/mL at 36 months (P = 0.05). Mean LIC on first scan was 10.3 mg/g dry weight and did not decrease significantly on follow‐up scans. There was a significant correlation between relative change in LIC and in SF (R2 = 0.66, P < 0.001). Reversible transaminitis episodes, probably due to drug‐induced hepatitis, were noted in 53% of patients. Responses to an adherence and acceptability questionnaire indicated that more than 50% of children had difficulties in taking DFX, commonly because of unpleasant taste.Our results show that more than 50% of children with SCD have inadequate control of iron overload with DFX. It is not clear whether this is because of frequent dose interruptions, poor tolerability and adherence, or poor efficacy of the drug. We recommend further studies to confirm these findings and to optimise iron chelation in this population.
The basolateral amygdala is necessary for negative prediction errors to enhance cue salience, but not to produce conditioned inhibition
Authors: Esber Guillem R. , Holland Peter C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBehavioral evidence shows that prediction errors (PEs) not only drive associative learning, but also enhance the salience of predictive cues, making them better able to capture attention when they are next encountered. Research from our laboratory suggests that this latter consequence of PEs depends on a neural circuit that includes the amygdala. Lesions of the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), for instance, selectively disrupt enhancements in cue processing that are normally induced by positive PEs without compromising simple excitatory learning. This result is consistent with electrophysiological evidence showing that BLA neurons track positive PEs. Interestingly, the same neurons also seem to track negative PEs, suggesting the possibility that the BLA might also use these errors to drive enhancements in cue processing. Here, we examined the role of the BLA in the processing (Experiment 1) and utilization (Experiment 2) of negative PEs in increasing cue salience in an unblocking procedure. Using FOS expression as an index of neural activity, Experiment 1 confirmed that BLA neurons track negative PEs with reinforcement downshifts. This tracking was evident both when these errors were generated by decreasing the concentration of a sucrose reinforcer (which encourages the development of conditioned inhibition) and when they were generated by decreasing the number of sucrose reinforcers (which encourages excitatory learning – unblocking – and allows the detection of enhancements in cue processing). Experiment 2 demonstrated that BLA lesions abolished enhancements in cue processing while sparing inhibitory learning. These results suggest a general role of the BLA in utilizing PEs, whatever their sign, for boosting cue processing.
How and why should we implement genomics into conservation?
Authors: McMahon Barry J. , Teeling Emma C. , Höglund Jacob 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConservation genetics has provided important information into the dynamics of endangered populations. The rapid development of genomic methods has posed an important question, namely where do genetics and genomics sit in relation to their application in the conservation of species? Although genetics can answer a number of relevant questions related to conservation, the argument for the application of genomics is not yet fully exploited. Here, we explore the transition and rationale for the move from genetic to genomic research in conservation biology and the utility of such research. We explore the idea of a ‘conservation prior’ and how this can be determined by genomic data and used in the management of populations. We depict three different conservation scenarios and describe how genomic data can drive management action in each situation. We conclude that the most effective applications of genomics will be to inform stakeholders with the aim of avoiding ‘emergency room conservation’.
Pathology of gastric lesions in donkeys: A preliminary study
Authors: Al‐Mokaddem A. K. , Ahmed K. A. , Doghaim R. E. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyDonkeys (Equus africanus asinus) are important working animals, particularly in countries where the majority of the population lives below the poverty line. Gastric ulceration has been shown to be common inBritish donkeys but donkeys from other parts of the world have not been as extensively researched.ObjectivesThis study was performed as a preliminary overview of the severity and distribution of gastric lesions in mature donkeys and to document which parasites were present.Study designDescriptive study of pathological findings.MethodsStomachs of 35 mature draught donkeys were examined grossly and histopathology samples taken from 5 regions of the gastric mucosa.ResultsGross examination revealed hyperaemia, oedema, erosions and ulcers in addition to parasitic lesions. Histopathological examination revealed hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, vacuolar degeneration of stratified squamous cells, gastritis, erosions, ulcerations, scarring, hyperactivity of mucus glands, periglandular fibroplasia and parasitic granulomes with infestation byGasterophilusspp.larvae,Habronemaspp.andDraschia megastoma.ConclusionsIn donkeys, ulceration of the nonglandular regions of the stomach is more prominent than the glandular regions and parasitic infestations were frequent.
Consumer willingness to invest money and time for benefits of lifestyle behaviour change: an application of the contingent valuation method
Authors: Alayli‐Goebbels Adrienne F. G. , van Exel Job , Ament André J. H. A. , de Vries Nanne K. , Bot Sandra D. M. , Severens Johan L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo use contingent valuation (CV) to derive individual consumer values for both health and broader benefits of a public‐health intervention directed at lifestyle behaviour change (LBC) and to examine the feasibility and validity of the method.MethodParticipants of a lifestyle intervention trial (n = 515) were invited to complete an onlineCVsurvey. Respondents (n = 312) expressed willingness to invest money and time for changes in life expectancy, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and broader quality of life aspects. Internal validity was tested for by exploring associations between explanatory variables (i.e. income, paid work, experience and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases) and willingness to invest, and by examining ordering effects and respondents' sensitivity to the scope of the benefits.ResultsThe majority of respondents (94.3%) attached value to benefits ofLBC, and 87.4% were willing to invest both money and time. Respondents were willing to invest more for improvements inHRQOL(€42/month; 3 h/week) and broader quality of life aspects (€40/month; 2.6 h/week) than for improvements in life expectancy (€24/month; 2 h/week). Protest answers were limited (3%) and findings regarding internal validity were mixed.ConclusionThe importance of broader quality of life outcomes to consumers suggests that these outcomes are relevant to be considered in the decision making. Our research showed thatCVis a feasible method to value both health and broader outcomes ofLBC, but generalizability to other areas of public health still needs to be examined. Mixed evidence regarding internal validity pleads for caution to useCVas only the base for decision making.
Where and how to search for information on the effectiveness of public health interventions – a case study for prevention of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bayliss Susan E. , Davenport Clare F. , Pennant Mary E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis case study documents the experience of searching for information on the effectiveness of population‐level multi‐factor interventions for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to inform guidance from NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence).ObjectivesTo compare suitability of different databases for searches on a medical public health topic and performance of sensitive versus specific strategies.MethodsA sensitive search strategy identified 34 CVD programmes (reference standard) and sensitivity, precision and number needed to read (NNTR) were compared across seven databases. Two alternative strategies were developed to improve precision while minimising the impact on sensitivity.ResultsMEDLINE alone retrieved 91% (31/34) relevant programme citations. Four databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL, ASSIA and PsycINFO) were required to identify all 34 programmes. In the alternative strategies, greater use of MeSH rather than text and focus on terms directed at population‐level interventions resulted in a more precise search on MEDLINE.ConclusionsMEDLINE alone provided a better yield than anticipated. Additional databases improved sensitivity by 9% but to the detriment of precision. Retrospective searching would provide additional insight into the performance of both databases and strategies. How the medical nature of this public health topic affected yield across databases also requires further investigation.
Measuring the impact of information skills training: a survey of health libraries in England
Authors: Ayre Stephen , Barbrook John , Engel Colin , Lacey Patricia , Phul Anita , Stevenson Paul , Toft Suzanne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of robust research measuring the impact of NHS based information skills training prompted the West Midlands Regional Trainers' Forum to conduct a post‐training survey.MethodsThis is a multi‐centred study which collected data from over 60 separate organisations. Survey questionnaires were completed by learners a few weeks after the training event.ResultsFive hundred and thirty‐four responses were received. 82% of information skills training recipients indicated that they had implemented learning or changed practice as a result of the training. 70% of recipients indicated there had been an impact on patient care.DiscussionThe beneficial results from information skills training manifest in a multitude of ways. The results of this study indicate that the learning from information skills training is being used to reduce problems and address the key issues in modern health care.ConclusionThe results clearly demonstrate the value of information skills training and its beneficial impact on patient care, lifelong learning and other key NHS functions. This study shows information skills training as an important activity which supports the information literacy agenda, and has a positive impact across the four key functions of library and knowledge services within the NHS.
Influence of the addition of Helianthus tuberosus L. fermented with different lactobacilli on acrylamide content in biscuits
Authors: Bartkiene Elena , Jakobsone Ida , Pugajeva Iveta , Bartkevics Vadims , Vidmantiene Daiva , Juodeikiene Grazina 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the addition of Helianthus tuberosus L. fermented with different lactobacilli (Lactobacillus sakei KTU05‐6, Pediococcus acidilactici KTU05‐7 and Pediococcus pentosaceus KTU05‐9) on acrylamide content in biscuits. Results of study indicated that submerged fermented Helianthus tuberosus L. tubers had the significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower pH, higher total titratable acidity and from 1.2 to 1.3 times higher protease and from 1.2 to 2.0 higher alpha‐amylase activities compared with treated by solid‐state fermentation. The acrylamide content in all biscuit samples enriched with submerged fermented Helianthus tuberosus L. was measured lower than 10 μg kg−1. Submerged fermentation with selected lactobacilli provided specific characteristics of fermented Helianthus tuberosus products which had effect on the asparagine reduction in plant additives, thus reducing acrylamide content in biscuits enriched with Helianthus tuberosus L.
TriMatch comparison of the efficacy of FloSeal versus TachoSil versus no hemostatic agents for partial nephrectomy: Results from a large multicenter dataset
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro , Minervini Andrea , Mari Andrea , Bertolo Riccardo , Bianchi Giampaolo , Lapini Alberto , Longo Nicola , Martorana Giuseppe , Mirone Vincenzo , Morgia Giuseppe , Novara Giacomo , Porpiglia Francesco , Rocco Bernardo , Rovereto Bruno , Schiavina Riccardo , Simeone Claudio , Sodano Mario , Terrone Carlo , Ficarra Vincenzo , Carini Marco , Serni Sergio ,   RECORd Project‐LUNA Foundation
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of hemostatic agents, TachoSil and FloSeal, during partial nephrectomy using a large multicenter dataset.MethodsData of 1055 patients who underwent partial nephrectomy between January 2009 and December 2012 in 19 Italian centers were collected within an observational multicentric study (RECORd Project). The decision whether or not to use hemostatic agents after renorrhaphy and the type of hemostatic agents applied was adopted according to the centers' and surgeons' preference. A TriMatch propensity score analysis was applied to balance three study groups (no hemostatic agents, TachoSil, FloSeal) for sex, age, surgical indication (elective/relative vs imperative), clinical stage (cT1a vs cT1b), tumor exophyticity, approach (open vs minimally invasive), technique (standard partial nephrectomy vs simple enucleation), preoperative hemoglobin and creatinine. Postoperative complications and variation of hemoglobin and creatinine values between preoperative versus third postoperative day were compared.ResultsTriMatch analysis allowed us to obtain 66 well‐balanced triplets. No differences were found in terms of outcomes between the study groups.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that adding hemostatic agents to renorraphy during partial nephrectomy does not provide better surgical outcomes.
A systematic review evaluating the impact of online or blended learning vs. face‐to‐face learning of clinical skills in undergraduate nurse education
Authors: McCutcheon Karen , Lohan Maria , Traynor Marian , Martin Daphne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo determine whether the use of an online or blended learning paradigm has the potential to enhance the teaching of clinical skills in undergraduate nursing.BackgroundThe need to adequately support and develop students in clinical skills is now arguably more important than previously considered due to reductions in practice opportunities. Online and blended teaching methods are being developed to try and meet this requirement, but knowledge about their effectiveness in teaching clinical skills is limited.DesignMixed methods systematic review, which follows the Joanna Briggs Institute User guide version 5.Data sourcesComputerized searches of five databases were undertaken for the period 1995–August 2013.Review methodsCritical appraisal and data extraction were undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute tools for experimental/observational studies and interpretative and critical research. A narrative synthesis was used to report results.ResultsNineteen published papers were identified. Seventeen papers reported on online approaches and only two papers reported on a blended approach. The synthesis of findings focused on the following four areas: performance/clinical skill, knowledge, self‐efficacy/clinical confidence and user experience/satisfaction. The e‐learning interventions used varied throughout all the studies.ConclusionThe available evidence suggests that online learning for teaching clinical skills is no less effective than traditional means. Highlighted by this review is the lack of available evidence on the implementation of a blended learning approach to teaching clinical skills in undergraduate nurse education. Further research is required to assess the effectiveness of this teaching methodology.