bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Economic Ties on Digital Diplomacy
Authors: Villegas Cruz Angel M. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The article examines how economic ties between host and guest countries affect the emotional valence in the social media content published by digital diplomats. Strong economic ties will lead digital diplomats to adopt a positive tone because such ties raise the potential costs of verbal aggressiveness online. A positive emotional valence on social media also serves to cultivate good public perceptions of the guest and its economic activities. To evaluate these claims, the article analyses 53,601 original tweets published by 88 Chinese diplomatic missions on Twitter from 2014 to 2020. It finds that economic ties have a strong positive effect on the tone adopted by digital diplomats. As the host’s trade dependence on China increases, Chinese diplomatic missions are more likely to adopt a positive tone on Twitter, especially when talking about politics and business. This research contributes to the study of how countries use social media to conduct diplomacy.
Being Realistic about Anti-realism
Authors: Ankersmit Frank 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this criticism of Mitrović argument about realism it is pointed out 1): that Mitrović is unaware of how the medieval debate between realists and nominalists about the existence of universals complicates his position, 2) similarly, he is unaware of how the debate on the so-called ‘essentially contested concepts’ (W.B. Gallie) complicates his position, 3) when taking up the issue of holism and individualism he mistakenly assumes that what has been said about it in the context of the social sciences can also be applied to the writing of history, 4) the debate on the legal person or corporation since Innocent IV further complicates the issue. Finally, I explain why and how one can be a realist in philosophy of history, though on the basis of arguments entirely different from those proposed by Mitrović.
The Ten Commandments in Old Frisian: Their Form and Content
Authors: Cataldi Claudio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study discusses the relationship amongst the five surviving versions of the Ten Commandments in Old Frisian, which are collectively preserved in eight manuscripts and in one incunable. These versions do not follow the Vulgate text verbatim, but rather include interferences from other texts. As the author intends to show, the compiler of the version of the Ten Commandments in the First Rüstring Manuscript aimed to produce a comprehensive list of precepts by including the Great Commandment, and had a source close to Honorius’s De decem plagis Aegypti spiritualiter at their disposal. The text in Haet is Riocht? may have influenced the vernacular rendition of the Mosaic Law preserved in Codex Aysma. Lastly, the versions preserved in the First and Second Hunsingo Manuscripts and one of the two versions attested by Codex Unia seem to be independent translations of a single Latin text, which survives in Unia.
The Words for “Blue” in Old Frisian
Authors: Giliberto Concetta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Old Frisian lexicon contains two words for ‘blue’: wēden, related to OE wǣden (MoE woaden arch.), OHG weitīn (MoG waiden arch.), and MLG wêden, with adjectival suffix *-īna stemming from PGmc *waida-, waidina- ‘woad, plant yielding blue dye’. The other one is blāw, a loanword through Middle Dutch or Middle Low German (from French), which is cognate with OE blǣhǣwen, OHG blāo, plāo, and ON blár, from PGmc *blēwa- < IE *bhel- ‘shining’ (cf. Lat. flavus ‘golden yellow’). This article analyses the occurrences of the words wēden and blāw in the Old Frisian text corpus in order to determine and contextualize the various semantic fields covered by these lexemes.
Possessory Remedies in Late Medieval Frisian Law Texts
Authors: Hallebeek Jan , de Jong Hylkje 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This contribution examines possessory protection in Frisian law texts from the late Middle Ages. These sources show that such protection was an old and fundamental principle. The jurists associated it with the possessory remedies of learned law, i.e., the Roman law interdicts and the canon law actio spolii. In the fifteenth century a certain preference for the latter remedy emerged. There is no trace of French remedies, such as maintenue and complainte, which at the same time were received in other parts of the Low Countries. Compared to the late medieval law texts, early modern law in Friesland was less hybrid. The Roman law of interdicts was predominant. A strong Romanisation must have taken place, while the influence of canon law had ceased.
He niwan geeode þa fyrran Fresan: Geographical Marker or Literary Topos in the Old English Bede?
Authors: Lendinara Patrizia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, V.10, Bede apparently introduced a two- fold division of Frisia when he called Frisia citerior the region to where Ecgberht sent missionaries. Neither Bede nor the Old English translator of Bede’s work offer a precise identification of the region at issue; moreover, the passage does not mention a possible counterpart, that is, Frisia ulterior. While Bede uses Frisia citerior, the translator refers to fyrran Fresan. An analysis of possible sources does not yield any parallel to Bede’s reference, nor to the use of the term as a geographically identifiable territory. On the other hand, the use of Old English feorr in similar geographical contexts, whether in translations or original texts, vouches for a free and imaginative employment of the comparative fyrran, which was not used as a precise geographical marker. This essay suggests that the mission to Frisia, which was of great importance in both Bede’s narrative and the Lives of missionaries, such as that of Willibrord, had the effect of striking the translator’s imagination. He chose a suggestive term, rich in connotations, rather than supplying a geographical identifiable information.
Friesische Ortsnamen im Utrechter Güterverzeichnis aus dem 10. Jahrhundert
Authors: Quak Arend 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A well-known list of properties, owned by St. Martin’s church in Utrecht, dates from the early tenth century, although it has survived in younger copies. This source contains mainly place-names from the present-day Dutch provinces of North and South Holland and Utrecht. The coastal dialect there still had North Sea Germanic characteristics. Some of these characteristics seem to have been adapted by the Utrecht scribes, who used an Old Dutch dialect, probably because they recognized elements in the names. However, the personal names in the same source were less tampered with, in all likelihood because they are possibly less transparent and hence interesting to the scribes.
Die mittelalterliche friesische Standesbezeichnung etheling: Adliger oder Freier?
Authors: Vries Oebele 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the meaning of the rarely attested Old Frisian term etheling. Two interpretations have been presented: nobleman, which seems to be the obvious one, versus freeman. After consideration of all attestations extant as well as the previous debate on this question it is inferred that the term etheling represents a nobleman in the older attestations, a freeman in the younger ones. This conclusion has relevance as to the debate on the distinction of social ranks in medieval Frisia.
The associations of pre-pregnancy BMI and gestational weight gain with maternal gut microbiota
Authors: He Y. , Zhang L. , Chen Z. , Chan P.K.S. , Leung T.F. , Tam W.H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Previous studies reporting the association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and maternal obesity were mostly confined at the phylum level or at postpartum period. This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in gut microbial communities associated with maternal obesity at different time points of pregnancy. We performed 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 amplicon sequencing on stool samples from 110 women in all three trimesters and 1-month postpartum. Maternal gut microbial communities associated with maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were explored. The influence of maternal obesity on gut microbiota trajectories was determined based on longitudinal shifts in community clusters across the trimesters. The richness index of alpha diversity decreased with the progression of pregnancy, particularly in women with excessive GWG. The evenness index in 2nd trimester was found inversely associated with GWG. Various taxonomic differences in 1st trimester were associated with excessive GWG, whereas limited taxonomic differences in 2nd and 3rd trimesters were associated with pre-pregnancy BMI or GWG. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota trajectory with especially depleted genus Faecalibacterium in 1st trimester was associated with excessive GWG (adjusted odds ratio 5.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-28.1). Moreover, the longitudinal abundances of genus Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group across gestations were depleted in women with overweight/obese pre-pregnancy BMI, while genus Bifidobacterium enriched in women with excessive GWG. Our study shows that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in early pregnancy may have a significant impact on excess GWG. The abundance of the genus Faecalibacterium in 1st trimester may be a potential risk factor.
Clinical trial number: NCT03785093 (https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03785093)
Improved diet-based nutritional interventions can improve childhood obesity with the synergistic regulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Zhou M. , Peng C. , Miao Z. , Wang K. , Zhou H. , Li Y. , Xiao G. , Wu X. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Childhood obesity is a crucial public health concern worldwide. Dietary intervention is the most common intervention for the treatment of obesity. Therefore, we tested an improved diet-based nutritional interventions to improve the childhood obesity and its gut microbiota. Thirty obese children received a 12-week intervention with the adjust-energy-restricted dietary pattern (A-CRD). Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance (Inbody S10) and faecal microbes were profiled by sequencing 16S rRNA. Compared to the NTB group (at 0 week), the NTA group (at 12 weeks) had a significantly greater decrease in body weight, body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat (PBF) (, respectively), whereas skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat free mass (FFM) were not statistically significantly different (). The gut microbiota was found significantly different between the NTB and NTA groups based on alpha and beta diversity. Bifidobacterium, Blautia, and Streptococcus was significantly increased, whereas Bacteroides and Megamonas was significantly decreased in the NTA group (, respectively). Meanwhile, NTA group significantly increased the ability to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; e.g. acetic acid/total dietary energy) and changed he predictive metabolic functional features of the microbiota communities (, respectively) than the NTB group. In conclusion, A-CRD can significantly improve childhood obesity, and the underlying mechanism may be its effect on gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, the diet-based nutrition intervention targeting gut microbiota will be more effective management of body weight and prevention of obesity.
Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR2300074571
Probiotics combination effectively improves constipation in pregnancy by modifying the gut microbiota composition
Authors: He X. , Chen W. , Wang Y. , Chen H. , Xu X. , Zhao X. , Zhou D. , Yue M. , Wei J. , Chen T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Constipation during pregnancy can induce serious complications, including miscarriage and preterm labour, while the evidence of probiotics in improving constipation during pregnancy was little. In this study, 29 healthy pregnant women and 65 constipated pregnant women were enrolled to assess the effectiveness of probiotics on constipation during pregnancy. Our results showed that the probiotics were effective in improving the Constipation Severity Scale (CSS) and Bristol Stool Scale (BSS) scores, including increasing defecation frequency, decreasing defecation time, and improving fecal characteristics. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the probiotics effectively restored the diversity of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, Firmicutes (13.27% vs 57.20%) and Actinobacteria (3.77% vs 12.80%) were increased, while Bacteroidetes (77.82% vs 20.24%) was decreased. At the level of the genus, Faecalibacterium (2.03% vs 10.33%), Bifidobacterium (1.21% vs 8.56%), and Phascolarctobacterium (0.05% vs 2.88%), the beneficial bacteria were increased, while the Bacteroides (29.23% vs 12.28%) and Prevotella (24.32% vs 4.92%) were decreased. In conclusion, these results indicated that probiotics can effectively relieve the constipation symptoms by improving the diversity of intestinal microbiota, regulating the disturbance of microflorae, and restoring the balance of microflorae to exert a stronger moderating effect than diet and lifestyle modification. Our results provided clinical data and a theoretical basis for the exploitation of probiotics in treating constipation during pregnancy.
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100052069
Ligilactobacillus salivarius V4II-90 eradicates Group B Streptococcus colonisation during pregnancy: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Gálvez A. , Dı́az de Terán E. , Espinosa J.Á. , Pérez-Pedregosa J. , Bartha-Rasero J.L. , del Valle J.G. , Cuerva M.J. , Jiménez E. , Badiola C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of bacterial neonatal sepsis. This study aimed to confirm the effect of Ligilactobacillus salivarius V4II-90 on GBS colonisation during pregnancy. A randomised, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in seven hospitals in Madrid, Spain. The sample was broken down into two groups with 20 participants each (n = 40) in order to show reduced GBS colonisation frequency in the probiotic versus the placebo group. Pregnant participants positive for vaginal-rectal colonisation before or during the 13th week of gestation were randomly assigned to either the placebo or the probiotic group. The probiotic, L. salivarius V4II-90 at 1 × 109 cfu/day was administered for 12 weeks, starting at week 21-23 of gestation. The primary outcome was the percentage of participants with vaginal and/or rectal GBS colonisation at the end of the intervention period (35 weeks of gestation). Secondary outcomes were changes in the microbial composition of vaginal and rectal exudates; premature delivery; premature rupture of membranes; intrapartum antibiotics; new-borns with early or late-onset GBS sepsis; adverse events (AEs); and GBS test results performed at the hospital at week 35 of gestation. Of the 481 participants included, 44 were vaginal-rectal colonised with GBS and randomised. 43 completed the study (20 in the probiotic group and 23 in the placebo group). After intervention, GBS was eradicated in six participants (27%) from the placebo group and in twelve participants (63%) from the probiotic group (). None of the 185 AEs reported were identified as possibly, probably, or definitely related to the investigational product. In conclusion, oral administration of L. salivarius V4II-90 is a safe and successful strategy to significantly decrease the rates of GBS colonisation at the end of pregnancy and, therefore, to reduce the exposure of subjects and their infants to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis. Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: number NCT03669094
Systematic review: effect of probiotics on antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption
Authors: Łukasik J. , Dierikx T. , Johnston B.C. , de Meij T. , Szajewska H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The effectiveness of probiotics in preventing or reversing antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption remains uncertain, and claims of microbiome restoration to its pre-antibiotic state may be overestimated. In this review, we aimed to assess the efficacy of probiotics in preventing or ameliorating disruptions in microbiome composition and function induced by antibiotic treatment. We searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL for randomised controlled and non-randomised trials. Participants were individuals of any age who were on systemic antibiotics with a low risk of baseline dysbiosis. The intervention consisted of probiotics during or after antibiotic treatment, compared to placebo, alternative interventions, or no intervention. Outcomes included microbiome composition and diversity analysed using high-throughput molecular methods, alongside microbial function and resistome assessments. Seven studies, reported in eight papers, were reviewed. One study showed probiotics counteracting antibiotic-induced diversity changes, another showed exacerbation of these changes, and four others showed no effect. Effects on taxa abundance ranged from mitigating dysbiosis to selective modulation, no effect, or delayed recovery. One study observed no impact on the resistome, while another reported an increase in antibiotic resistance genes. In conclusion, heterogeneous results preclude a definitive conclusion on the effectiveness of any specific probiotic in restoring antibiotic-exposed microbiomes. For a clearer understanding, future research should be more standardised and long-term, employing advanced methods, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic sequencing. These studies should strive to include larger, diverse populations to enhance generalisability and clearly define what constitutes a healthy microbiome. Finally, linking changes in the microbiome to specific clinical outcomes is essential for clinical decision making.
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023446214.
Women’s Religious Agency and the Positioning of the Mosque: a Case Study of State-Sponsored Female Preaching in Egypt
Authors: Hosni Dina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper captures women’s religious agency and their bonding with the mosque by taking a snapshot of the discourse and experiences of female preachers, appointed by the Egyptian Ministry of Endowments, who were confronted with the closure of mosques within the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. Though these female preachers have managed to perform their preaching roles while being detached from the mosque, their spiritual affinity to the mosque could not escape notice. This paper argues that the detachment of the female preachers from the mosque due to covid-19 offers a novel conceptualization of ‘religious’ agency that could be partially ascribed to their attachment to the mosque, not as a locale for their ‘official’ or ‘semi-official’ affiliation with the state, but as a ‘sacred’ extension of the private space of the home.
Protesting Power-Sharing: Placing the Thawra in Recent Waves of Contentious Politics
Authors: Nagle John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article places the Thawra within recent waves of protest politics in so-called divided societies, particularly the Plenum (Bosnia 2014) and Tishreen (Iraq 2019) protests. It examines the thematic connections between protest waves in relation to contesting consociational power-sharing governance, which has been deployed in Lebanon, Iraq, and Bosnia in the aftermath of civil war or political violence. While protests have addressed a range of issues – corruption, weak and failing public services, and rising unemployment levels – these various strands have been successfully distilled into powerful critiques of the ethnosectarian elites who perpetuate polarization and of the system itself. Towards this, I identify three significant frames developed by protestors in relation to power-sharing: The “People” versus the “Elites”, Trans-sectarian Belonging, and Participatory Citizenship.
“We are the Revolution, Abroad”: Diaspora Protests, Identity Construction, and the Remaking of Citizenship in the 2019 Lebanese Thawra
Authors: Aitken Miriam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Diasporas are often viewed as mirrors for their homeland’s politics. The Lebanese diaspora’s involvement in the 2019 Thawra, however, established the diaspora as a locus for autonomous and disruptive political action. Through an analysis of the spatialities of protest, this paper analyses the diaspora’s involvement in the Thawra, its implications for the protest movement, and for the diaspora itself. It argues that diaspora protests gave rise to new tactics and protest repertoires. These mirrored protest activity on the ground, supported protestors in Lebanon, and constituted the diaspora as a locus for contestation and claims-making. Moreover, the diaspora’s mobilization in the Thawra contributed to the consolidation of diasporic identity and the construction of alternative societal imaginaries and conceptions of citizenship that challenge Lebanon’s state-centric and sectarian citizenship regime. This paper thus makes the case for reassessing the autonomous political role of diasporas to gain a fuller understanding of transnational protest dynamics, solidarities, and citizenship beyond the boundaries of the nation-state.
Geminate latency in Djibouti Somali
Authors: Bendjaballah Sabrina , Le Gac David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Our aim in this article is first to contribute to the documentation of the diatopic variation in the realization of Somali geminates, and second to determine whether Djibouti Somali exhibits geminate latency, on a par with Standard Somali (Barillot 2002, Barillot & Ségéral 2005). To this effect, we present the results of two production experiments that were conducted with one Djibouti Somali speaker. Section 1 examines the realization of the contrast /b, d, ɡ/ vs /bb, dd, ɡɡ/ in nouns in Djibouti Somali (Experiment 1-Nouns) in comparison with the previous experiment we conducted on Standard Somali (Bendjaballah & Le Gac 2021). Based on the results of this experiment, Section 2 addresses the question of geminate latency in Djibouti Somali. ‘Latent’ geminates are segments that are phonologically long but whose phonetic duration is short. We examine the acoustic realization of voiced singletons (/b, d, ɡ/), voiced geminates (/bb, dd, ɡɡ/) and voiceless geminates (/tt, kk/) in Djibouti Somali (Experiment 2-Verbs). Section 3 concludes the article, and argues in favour of an extension of geminate latency both in Standard Somali and in Djibouti Somali: geminate latency does not only concern the voiceless stops but also the voiced stops.
Somali particle clusters
Authors: Bendjaballah Sabrina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Preverbal elements are famous for triggering several “coalescence rules” in Somali (Saeed 1999: 39). A case at hand is the set of adpositions ú (destination, manner), kú (locative, instrument), ká (source, content) and lá (comitative). The combinations of two adpositions are well documented, and it has long been noticed that some of them are phonologically opaque. Such opaque forms can in principle be analysed along two general lines: i) they are the outputs of a transparent combination of morphemes, and their surface forms is accounted for by positing allomorphy rules, or ii) they are not a combination of two morphemes, but single lexicalized units. The choice between these two options is an empirical question, which I address in this article. I examine the behaviour of opaque forms in a broader context: two-adposition clusters in combination with a pronominal clitic, and with a third adposition. Based on a new empirical basis, I conclude in favour of lexicalization. This result has consequences on the general assumption of a fixed ordering of adpositions in the preverbal domain. Since all combinations of kV́ adpositions surface as syncretic kagá, we have no evidence for assuming that the occurrence of two kV́ adpositions is ordered, and if it is ordered, in which order they appear.