bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of prognostic factors for distal upper limb pain
Authors: Whibley Daniel , Martin Kathryn R , Lovell Karina , Jones Gareth T 
Published: July 2015

Background: Musculoskeletal pain in the distal upper limb is relatively common, can be a cause of disability, presents a high cost to society and is clinically important. Previous reviews of prognostic factors have focused on pain in the proximal upper limb, whole upper extremity or isolated regions of the distal upper limb. Aim: To identify factors that predict outcome of distal upper limb pain. Study design: Systematic review Method: Eight bibliographic databases were searched from inception to March 2014. Eligible articles included adults with pain anywhere in the distal upper limb at baseline from randomised controlled trials with a waiting list, expectant policy or usual care group, or observational studies where no treatment or usual care was provided. Data describing the association between a putative prognostic factor and pain or functional outcome at follow-up were required. Quality was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Results: Seven articles reporting on six studies were identified. Heterogeneity of study populations and outcome measures prevented a meta-analysis so a narrative synthesis of results was undertaken. Three factors (being female, a longer duration of the complaint at initial presentation and having musculoskeletal pain in multiple locations) were significantly associated with poor pain outcome in more than one study. Being female was the only factor significantly associated with poor functional outcome in more than one study. Conclusions: A range of sociodemographic, pain-related, occupational and psychosocial prognostic factors for distal upper limb pain outcomes were investigated in studies included in the review. However, due to the lack of commonality of factors investigated and lack of consistency of results across studies, there is limited evidence for predictors of distal upper limb pain outcomes. Further research is required to identify prognostic factors of distal upper limb pain, particularly modifiable factors that may influence management.
Medical Fruits of Labor
Authors: Isaacs Michael 
Published: July 2015

My grandfather's death made a profound impact on my life personally and professionally. Our family was able to share in his last joyous days thanks to a caring physician who first suggested palliative care. During these final days in which friends and family said their goodbyes, I realized as a medical student the immense impact we as healthcare workers truly make in our patients' lives. Reflections on palliative care, faith, medicine, and death following this experience influenced my formation as a Catholic, grandson, and as a physician in training. Lay summary This article describes the personal experience of a medical student who witnesses the final days of his grandfather's life. Life, death, faith, palliative care, and the impact of physicians on families during these times is the subject of his reflection following his grandfather's death.
Combined effect of bisphosphonate and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on bone healing of rat calvarial defects
Authors: Kim Ho-Chul , Song Jae-Min , Kim Chang-Joo , Yoon Sang-Yong , Kim In-Ryoung , Park Bong-Soo , Shin Sang-Hun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate new bone formation using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) and locally applied bisphosphonate in rat calvarial defects.MethodsThirty-six rats were studied. Two circular 5 mm diameter bony defect were formed in the calvaria using a trephine bur. The bony defect were grafted with Bio-Oss® only (group 1, n = 9), Bio-Oss® wetted with rhBMP-2 (group 2, n = 9), Bio-Oss® wetted with rhBMP-2 and 1 mM alendronate (group 3, n = 9) and Bio-Oss® wetted with rhBMP-2 and 10 mM alendronate (group 4, n = 9). In each group, three animals were euthanized at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, respectively. The specimens were then analyzed by histology, histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry analysis.ResultsThere were significant decrease of bone formation area (p < 0.05) between group 4 and group 2, 3. Group 3 showed increase of new bone formation compared to group 2. In immunohistochemistry, collagen type I and osteoprotegerin (OPG) didn’t show any difference. However, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) decreased with time dependent except group 4.ConclusionLow concentration bisphosphonate and rhBMP-2 have synergic effect on bone regeneration and this is result from the decreased activity of RANKL of osteoblast.
3D printing sandstone porosity models
Authors: Ishutov Sergey , Hasiuk Franciszek J. , Harding Chris , Gray Joseph N. 
Published: July 2015

The petroleum industry requires new technologies to improve the economics of exploration and production. Digital rock physics is a methodology that seeks to revolutionize reservoir characterization, an essential step in reservoir assessment, using computational methods. A combination of X-ray computed microtomography, digital pore network modeling, and 3D printing technology represents a novel workflow for transferring digital rock models into tangible samples that can be manufactured in a variety of materials and tested with standard laboratory equipment. Accurate replication of pore networks depends on the resolution of tomographic images, rock sample size, statistical algorithms for digital modeling, and the resolution of 3D printing. We performed this integrated approach on a sample of Idaho Gray Sandstone with an estimated porosity of 29% and permeability of 2200 mD. Tomographic images were collected at resolutions of 30 and [Formula: see text] per voxel. This allowed the creation of digital porosity models segmented into grains and pores. Surfaces separating pores from grains were extracted from the digital rock volume and 3D printed in plastic as upscaled tangible models. Two model types, normal (with pores as voids) and inverse (with pores as solid), allowed visualization of the geometry of the grain matrix and topology of pores, while allowing characterization of pore connectivity. The current resolution of commodity 3D printers with a plastic filament ([Formula: see text] for pore space and [Formula: see text] for grain matrix) is too low to precisely reproduce the Idaho Gray Sandstone at its original scale. However, the workflow described here also applies to advanced high-resolution 3D printers, which have been becoming more affordable with time. In summary, with its scale flexibility and fast manufacturing time, 3D printing has the potential to become a powerful tool for reservoir characterization.
Sleep problems in Alzheimer's disease: does drug treatment help or harm?
Authors: Smith Katharine , Attenburrow Mary-Jane 
Published: July 2015

SummaryDrug treatments are commonly used for sleep disturbance in Alzheimer's disease, although none have a specific licence for this indication. This month's Cochrane review assessed the available evidence of benefit or harm in the use of these medications. The review identified two studies of melatonin, which did not show significant improvement in sleep over placebo. One study of trazodone suggested a beneficial effect on sleep, but its small sample size limits the generalisability of the results. Larger studies are needed, with careful assessment of the evidence for possible improvements in sleep but also of important side-effects such as falls and increased confusion.
The common law defence of automatism: a quagmire for the psychiatrist
Authors: Rix Keith J. B. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis article sets out the complicated and confused law on automatism and identifies the role of the psychiatrist, including paradoxically a role in cases of non-psychiatric disorder where the law requires evidence from a doctor approved under section 12 of the Mental Health Act. Legal definitions of automatism are introduced. The internal/external distinction, evidential burden, burden of proof, standard of proof, prior fault, intoxication and the degree of impairment illustrate how the courts limit the defence. Detailed accounts are given of cases in which the defence of automatism has been based on psychiatric disorder and on the effects of psychotropic drugs. Suggestions are made for approaches to assessment and medicolegal reporting.
Information and Educational System of Supporting Learners� Self-Development in the Course of Extracurricular Activities in Terms of Implementing the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education
Authors: ������  , Ivanov N. , �������  , Ivanova Irina 
Published: July 2015

The authors present their insights on the structure and substantive content of the unified information and educational system, which is a software product
named �Information and Educational System to Support Self-Development�, which has been approbated in terms of implementing the scientific
project supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities and the Government of the Kaluga region at the premises of rural schools of the Kaluga
region (The project �14-16-40007 a (r)).
The unified information system maintenance is aimed to facilitate the work of teachers at different stages of methodological and psycho-pedagogical
support of learners self-development in the course of extracurricular activities, to help with performance analysis, to provide maximum automation of
the testing process in order to eliminate the human factor, which can distort the results analyzing process, and also to provide convenience of making
recommendations on how to work with learners. Among the structural components of the software are: the analytical system, which includes students� self-development monitoring unit editor; accounting
and analysis system, represented by the student�s individual profile; statistical processing block with results presentation and development of
psychological and pedagogical recommendations; the block for analyzing the learners� self-development dynamics, etc.
The system allows to maintain an individual profile for each learner; to run diagnostics of learners� self-development; to process and store diagnostics
outcomes; to develop psychological and pedagogical recommendations and routes of individual self-development for each student; to plan individual
educational path for each learner dependent on testing outcomes, interviews with the parents and the learner himself and recommendations of psychologists
and educators. The system is capable to maintain both the results records of a single learner within different time domains and statistical
analyses of group results, to sort and analyze results against the required criteria.
The said system can be used widely in educational practices of extracurricular activities in the context of mastering the standards of primary general
education.
The paper can be of interest for supplementary education teachers, for primary school teachers, psychologists, as well as teaching staff of educational
institutions responsible for monitoring learners� self-development in the course of implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary
General Education.
Professional and Educational Environment of a University as a Resource for Continuous Education of Higher School Teachers
Authors: �����������  , Abdurazakov Magomed , ���������  , Shafranova Olga 
Published: July 2015

The very essence of changes, emerging in the domain of educators� professional life implicates the need to activate axiological resources of educators
continuous education. Axiological basis for developing the process of continuous education of teachers would allow the consistent advance towards
the ideal of harmony, conceived as the value orientation of the new-type civilization. So it is of paramount importance to develop insights concerning
axiological approach capabilities in using potential of education for developing and improving higher school teachers� skills to deal with the contents
of their inner and professional values.
The paper considers the ways to enhance quality of higher education by means of professional educational activities optimization. For this purpose
the authors propose to examine the potential of continuous professional education. Specifics of assisting teachers to find their individual educational
routes are determined by the axiological approach to modeling the modern contents and technologies of higher school teachers� continuous education.
Vaginal birth after caesarean or elective caesarean—What factors influence women's decisions?
Authors: Tolmacheva Lucy 
Published: July 2015

Background: Vaginal birth after caesarean (VBAC) is a safe option for most women. In the UK, just over 50% of women with a previous caesarean section opt for a VBAC and repeat caesarean is one of the four main causes of the rising caesarean rate. It is therefore important to review the literature in order to explore the factors which influence women's decision-making, which may increase normal birth rates. Method: A literature search was conducted using Ovid Online and EBSCOhost database platforms. Primary, qualitative, peer reviewed, English language research papers were assessed according to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Nine primary research studies were found. The findings were synthesised into five themes: personal beliefs about birth, previous birth experience, the need for control, health professionals and practical considerations. Discussion: The influence of women's beliefs about birth, as well as the attitudes of health professionals were identified as the main factors that influence women's decision-making with regards to VBAC. It is important for practitioners to reflect on their own way of communicating with women about VBAC to increase perceived supportiveness and women's autonomy. Further research is required to better understand the psycho-social aspects of decision-making. Conclusion: Knowledge of the identified themes will give health professionals an insight into the inner ‘lived’ experience of women making decisions regarding VBAC, increasing their awareness of their potential influence on a woman's final decision when planning her birth. The factors found may also be able to be applied to other areas of women's decision-making in maternity care.
Creating a culture of ‘safe normality’: Developing a new inner city alongside midwifery unit
Authors: Miah Rukeya , Adamson  
Published: July 2015

Objective: To investigate how midwives and midwifery managers were attempting to provide choice for women, through the creation of a service with a distinct culture from the obstetric unit (OU) prior to the opening of a new alongside midwifery unit (AMU). Methods: Fifteen purposively sampled midwives and midwifery managers from three practitioner groups: prospective birth centre midwives, obstetric unit midwives and midwifery managers involved in the AMU set-up were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Results: Through the development of the AMU, staff perceive that low-risk women will be provided with a choice of ‘safe normality’ for their birthing experience. Staff are attempting to create a culture of care that is distinct from the OU while still benefiting from the perceived safety of close proximity medicalised care. This distinct culture is being created through the choice of an AMU over other alternatives; the design of the AMU and the environment created; and the selection of appropriate staff that have competence and confidence in their ability to deliver women-led care. However, there is a risk that the distinct culture of care may be in jeopardy due to the blurring of boundaries between the AMU and OU. This is partly as a result of the practical issues associated with a case mix skewed towards high-risk women in a deprived inner city context and the strong belief by OU midwives that ‘safe normality’ is already available within the OU. Conclusions: The AMU appeals strongly to the perceptions of midwives and midwifery managers as providing good quality midwife-led care and a safe place of birth that offers choice that will be accepted by the women they care for.
Outcomes of children with advanced HIV initiated on antiretroviral therapy in a South African hospice
Authors: Brits Hanneke , Joubert Gina 
Published: July 2015

Background: Little is known about the long-term outcome of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for children with advanced-stage HIV. Aim: To assess the outcome in children with advanced HIV initiated on ART. The predictors for survival, general wellbeing and the role of palliative care were assessed. Methods: Patient files, retained patient records and personal follow-up were used for data collection. Data on baseline characteristics, ART treatment and progress were collected at baseline, 6, 12 and 48 months. Information regarding general wellbeing and school attendance and performance were collected. Results: 37 children were started on ART. At 48 months there were 18 known survivors and 7 known to have died. Another 12 were transferred to another programme or lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between groups. All eligible children attended school and all received medical care. The hospice programme offered holistic care and support. Conclusions: No baseline characteristic could predict the outcome of children with advanced HIV initiated on ART. A hospice support programme can contribute to positive outcomes even when ART is initiated in children with advanced disease.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography analysis of prevalence of Nasal Septum Deviation and its relationship with the presence of Middle Concha Bullosa
Authors: Lopes Sergio Lucio Pereira de Castro , Moraes Mari Eli Leonelli de , Manhães Junior Luiz Roberto Coutinho , Gamba Thiago de Oliveira , Flores Isadora Luana , Faria Carolina Fernandes de , Assis Afonso Celso 
Published: July 2015

Objetivo: Este estudo teve com objetivo analisar a prevalência do desvio do septo nasal e da presença de concha nasal média bolhosa e estudar a possível relação entre estes por meio de imagens por tomografia computadorizada de feixes cônicos (TCFC).Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados 118 exames de TCFC de arquivo, previamente adquiridos por indicações diversas para odontologia. Todos os exames foram realizados em tomógrafo i-CAT Next Generation (imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, EUA) com o mesmo protocolo, tendo o FOV (Field of View) abrangendo o terço médio e inferior da face. Todas as imagens foram avaliadas no software especifico do sistema por 01 avaliador devidamente treinado. O desvio de septo nasal, a concha nasal média bolhosa e demais dados foram tabulados e realizada a análise descritiva dos mesmos. O teste de McNemar foi aplicado para se estudar a possível relação entre os mesmos. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que, nos casos em que não ocorria o desvio de septo nasal, 73,5% destes não apresentaram e 26,5% destes apresentaram a concha média bolhosa. Considerando-se apenas os casos que apresentaram o desvio de septo nasal para um dos lados, a proporção que não apresentou a concha média bolhosa para o mesmo lado foi de 77,1% e a que apresentou também a concha média bolhosa para o mesmo lado foi de 22,9%. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que não houve relação (p=0,568) entre a presença das duas variáveis analisadas na pesquisa – desvio de septo nasal e presença de concha média bolhosa. Palavras-chave: Cavidade nasal; Septo nasal; Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico.
Hemodynamic evaluation of normotensive and hypertensive patients undergoing dental extraction under local anesthesia with 3% prilocaine with felypressin
Authors: Nascimento Rodrigo Dias , De Santis Leandro Ruivo , Assunção Daniel de Cerqueira , Cardoso Paula Elaine , De Moraes Michelle Bianchi , Raldi Fernando Vagner 
Published: July 2015

Objective: this study evaluated hemodynamic variations of normotensive and hypertensive patients undergoing dental extraction under local anesthesia with 3% prilocaine with felypressin 0.03UI/ml. Material and Methods: 49 patients of the Department of Surgery and Maxillo-facial Traumatology ambulatory were evaluated, 30 normotensive and 19 hypertensive, presenting initial systolic blood pressure lower then 160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure lower then 100 mmHg, besides being under medical supervision. Patients underwent molar or premolar extraction, typically deployed with maximum degree of mobility 2, according to Miller’s classification. The parameters evaluated were systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate, using an automatic digital pulse device, in the following periods: T1 - initial (5 minutes before the beginning of surgery, T2 – post-anesthesia (2 minutes after anesthetic administration); T3 – trans-operatory (each 5 minutes after T2 until 20 minutes completition, totalyzing 4 trans-operatory mensurations); T4 – post-surgery (5 minutes after surgery). Results: statistical analysis showed that for the parameters systolic blood pressure (P = 0.959) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.754) no statistically significant difference for these parameters in different evaluation periods. The analysis of heart rate values showed no statistical difference (p <0.05) between the values obtained in T1 in hypertensive and normotensive patients in T3.3. Conclusion: it was concluded that the evaluated hemodynamic parameters varied in different periods evaluated in the group of normotensive and hypertensive patients, but did not differ significantly.
The Undeserving Professor: Neoliberalism and the Reinvention of Higher Education
Authors: Winslow Luke 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The perceived social value of higher education in the United States and the political will to fund it represents a fascinating paradox. This article explores one way that paradox is reconciled. I look closely at the emergence of a specific educational critique in the discourse of the Texas Public Policy Foundation. The critique encourages a neoliberal reinvention of higher education. It does so by constructing symbolic representations that align with preexisting public vocabularies and socially shared orientations reflected in images of the Deserving and Undeserving Poor. By illuminating the discursive techniques by which these representations construct an image of what I call the Undeserving Professor, the critique offers significant theoretical and political insights into an underexplored area of rhetoric, neoliberalism, and public affairs.
Phyllis Schlafly’s “Positive” Freedom: Liberty, Liberation, and the Equal Rights Amendment
Authors: Miller Eric C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This article considers the rhetoric of Phyllis Schlafly and her STOP ERA movement. Despite the early success and broad popularity of the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s, Schlafly and her colleagues were able to prevent its ratification. In their many clashes with proponents of the women’s liberation movement, these traditionalist women successfully appropriated and redeployed an ideographic argument that had been the province of their foes. Specifically, Schlafly claimed that traditional gender roles were freeing to women, ensuring their rights, while “liberation” could lead only to bondage. Drawing on the work of philosopher Isaiah Berlin, I argue that Schlafly’s upbeat, “positive” campaign advanced a “positive” conception of freedom against the “negative” freedom proposed by second-wave feminists. The success of this effort demonstrates the utility of such arguments, especially in a nation that values freedom as both opportunity and exercise. I close by suggesting that Schlafly’s rhetorical strategy has been embraced by subsequent conservative “culture war” movements, ensuring her legacy into the new millennium.