bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Healthcare and Technology Synergy (HATS) Framework for Comparative Effectiveness Research as Part of Evidence-Based Practice in Vascular Access
Authors: Chernecky Cynthia , Zadinsky Julie , Macklin Denise , Maeve M. Katherine 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The development of frameworks for nursing research, practice, and education is in its infancy. The focus in clinical research has commonly been on the variables patient and practice, not on the significant variable, technology products. However, in interventional and medical cardiology and orthopedic surgery, for example, products used are significant variables that affect clinical outcomes and subsequent recalls. The purpose of this article is to introduce the Healthcare and Technology Synergy (HATS) framework and discuss its use in comparative effectiveness research on health care-associated infections as well as its usefulness in nursing practice, education, and policy. Research in nursing that focuses on product as a variable has examined intravenous connectors and their association with catheter-related bloodstream infections, but more research specific to technology products is needed. The significance of products in nursing has been underappreciated, and the variable has been underutilized in research. This is a study limitation that can significantly affect research outcomes. Use of the HATS framework in nursing research can facilitate the development of clinically relevant nursing curricula, practice interventions, and policy based on research results. Appropriate development and evaluation of research that uses the HATS framework also has implications for cost-benefit analyses, product evaluation, and implementation of evidence-based practices.
Student-Facilitators as University Tutors: An Effective Approach to Sustainability Education
Authors: Sloan Thomas , Davila Federico , Malbon Eleanor 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHigher education institutions are considered by many to be pivotal in shaping the next generation of thinkers and practitioners required to further work towards addressing the sustainability challenges faced by contemporary societies. The extent to which higher education has embraced this responsibility is debateable. Notwithstanding, this article reports upon our experience as three students employed as tutors in teaching sustainability to our undergraduate counterparts. Drawing upon our collective experience as both students and tutors within The Fenner School of Environment and Society of the Australian National University, we explore what makes student-facilitators part of an effective approach for sustainability education. Through this process, we describe some key practices that student-facilitators apply and which contribute to students’ understandings of sustainability. These key practices are: conceptualising what a tutorial should be; taking the position as a facilitator of discussion; using game-based activities; and the role that student-facilitators play in a community of social learning at the Fenner School. We conclude that the incorporation of student-facilitators in the teaching and learning of sustainability play a unique and significant role that should be valued, fostered and supported in higher education.
Rotation sets with non-empty interior and transitivity in the universal covering
Authors: GUELMAN NANCY , KOROPECKI ANDRES , TAL FABIO ARMANDO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet $f$ be a transitive homeomorphism of the two-dimensional torus in the homotopy class of the identity. We show that a lift of $f$ to the universal covering is transitive if and only if the rotation set of the lift contains the origin in its interior.
Sheaf theory and Paschke duality
Authors: Roe John , Siegel Paul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLet X be a locally compact metrizable space. We show that the Paschke dual construction, which associates to a representation of C0(X) its commutant modulo locally compact operators, can be sheafified. We use this observation to simplify several constructions in analytic K-homology.
Advocacy Coalitions and the Alberta Water Act
Authors: Heinmiller B. Timothy 
Published: August 2013

Abstract. In 1996, the Alberta legislature passed the Water Act, a landmark piece of legislation that introduced a number of significant water policy reforms, including a variety of eco-support instruments: regulatory mechanisms that can be used to define and preserve a share of water for environmental protection and restoration purposes. This article explains the inclusion of eco-support instruments in the Water Act by combining the Advocacy Coalition Framework with Joseph Nye's distinction between “hard” and “soft” power. It identifies two main advocacy coalitions in the Alberta water policy subsystem, the “Greens” and the “Aggies,” and argues that the development of the Water Act can be characterized as a contest between Green soft power and Aggie hard power. Accordingly, the inclusion of eco-support instruments in the Water Act was the result of the Greens' newfound soft power, but the Aggies' enduring hard power ensured that more radical reforms were not undertaken.Résumé. En 1996, la législature de l'Alberta a adopté la loi sur l'eau, un projet de loi historique qui a introduit un certain nombre d'importantes réformes de la politique de l'eau, y compris une variété de l'éco-instruments de soutien: les mécanismes de régulation qui peuvent être utilisés pour définir et préserver une part de l'eau pour protection de l'environnement et à des fins de restauration. Cet article explique l'inclusion de l'éco-instruments de soutien à la loi sur l'eau en combinant l'Advocacy Coalition Framework avec distinction Joseph Nye entre «hard» et «soft» de puissance. Il identifie deux principales coalitions de plaidoyer dans le sous-système de l'Alberta, de la politique de l'eau “Verts” et le “Aggies, et affirme que le développement de la loi sur l'eau peut être caractérisé comme un concours entre soft power Vert et hard power Aggie. En conséquence, la prise en compte de l'éco-instruments de soutien à la loi sur l'eau a été le résultat des Verts soft power retrouvée, mais les Aggies énergie durable dur veillé à ce que des réformes plus radicales ne sont pas prises.
Biodiversity priority areas and religions—a global analysis of spatial overlap
Authors: Mikusiński Grzegorz , Possingham Hugh P. , Blicharska Malgorzata 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNumerous solutions have been proposed to slow the accelerating loss of biodiversity. Thinking about biodiversity conservation has not, however, been incorporated into the everyday activities of most individuals and nations. Conservation scientists need to refocus on strategies that reshape ethical attitudes to nature and encourage pro-environmental thinking and lifestyles. Religions are central to basic beliefs and ethics that influence people's behaviour and should be considered more seriously in biodiversity discourse. Using data from the World Religion Database we conducted an analysis of the spatial overlap between major global religions and seven templates for prioritizing biodiversity action. Our analysis indicated that the majority of these focal areas are situated in countries dominated by Christianity, and particularly the Roman Catholic denomination. Moreover, the Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches appear to have the greatest per capita opportunity to influence discourse on biodiversity, notwithstanding the role of other religious communities in some key biodiversity areas.
Randomized controlled trial and uncontrolled 9-month follow-up of an adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Gratz K. L. , Tull M. T. , Levy R. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundDespite the clinical importance of deliberate self-harm (DSH; also referred to as non-suicidal self-injury) within borderline personality disorder (BPD), empirically supported treatments for this behavior among individuals with BPD are difficult to implement in many clinical settings. To address this limitation, a 14-week, adjunctive emotion regulation group therapy (ERGT) for DSH among women with BPD was developed. The current study examined the efficacy of this ERGT in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and the durability of treatment gains over a 9-month uncontrolled follow-up period.MethodFemale out-patients with BPD and recent recurrent DSH were randomly assigned to receive this ERGT in addition to their ongoing out-patient therapy immediately (n = 31) or after 14 weeks (n = 30). Measures of DSH and other self-destructive behaviors, psychiatric symptoms, adaptive functioning and the proposed mechanisms of change (emotion dysregulation/avoidance) were administered pre- and post-treatment or -waitlist (to assess treatment efficacy), and 3 and 9 months post-treatment (to assess durability of treatment gains).ResultsIntent-to-treat (ITT) analyses (n = 61) revealed significant effects of this ERGT on DSH and other self-destructive behaviors, emotion dysregulation, BPD symptoms, depression and stress symptoms, and quality of life. Analyses of all participants who began ERGT (across treatment and waitlist conditions; n = 51) revealed significant improvements from pre- to post-treatment on all outcomes, additional significant improvements from post-treatment to 9-month follow-up for DSH, emotion dysregulation/avoidance, BPD symptoms and quality of life, and no significant changes from post-treatment to 9-month follow-up on the other measures.ConclusionsThe results support the efficacy of this ERGT and the durability of treatment gains.
Climato-economic habitats support patterns of human needs, stresses, and freedoms
Authors: Van de Vliert Evert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines why fundamental freedoms are so unevenly distributed across the earth. Climato-economic theorizing proposes that humans adapt needs, stresses, and choices of goals, means, and outcomes to the livability of their habitat. The evolutionary process at work is one of collectively meeting climatic demands of cold winters or hot summers by using monetary resources. Freedom is expected to be lowest in poor populations threatened by demanding thermal climates, intermediate in populations comforted by undemanding temperate climates irrespective of income per head, and highest in rich populations challenged by demanding thermal climates. This core hypothesis is supported with new survey data across 85 countries and 15 Chinese provinces and with a reinterpretative review of results of prior studies comprising 174 countries and the 50 states in the United States. Empirical support covers freedom from want, freedom from fear, freedom of expression and participation, freedom from discrimination, and freedom to develop and realize one's human potential. Applying the theory to projections of temperature and income for 104 countries by 2112 forecasts that (a) poor populations in Asia, perhaps except Afghans and Pakistanis, will move up the international ladder of freedom, (b) poor populations in Africa will lose, rather than gain, relative levels of freedom unless climate protection and poverty reduction prevent this from happening, and (c) several rich populations will be challenged to defend current levels of freedom against worsening climato-economic livability.
Play, animals, resources: The need for a rich (and challenging) comparative environment
Authors: Burghardt Gordon M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVan de Vliert proposes a comprehensive explanation for differences in “freedoms” in diverse human populations based on climate and monetary resources. This intriguing approach, though derived from an evolutionary view covering all species, is based exclusively on human populations. This anthropocentric lens is challenged by ways of testing Van de Vliert's thesis more generally using playfulness as a surrogate for freedom.
Expression pattern of STAT5A gene during early bovine embryogenesis
Authors: Flisikowski Krzysztof , Boulhaeve Marc , Lopes Fabiola P. , Wolf Eckhard , Zwierzchowski Lech 
Published: August 2013

SummaryGrowth hormone (GH) plays an important role in early embryo development. It has been shown to activate multiple pathways, the most comprehensively studied being the STAT/JAK (Signal transducers and activators of transcription/Janus kinase) pathway. The objective of the present study was to investigate STAT5A gene expression during early bovine embryogenesis. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the abundance of STAT5A transcripts. The mRNA was present at all stages of preimplantation bovine embryos investigated. The most abundant STAT5A expression occurred at the 2-cell stage. Expression was markedly reduced between the 4-cell and 8-cell stages, coinciding with the known time of embryo genome activation and loss of maternal mRNAs. This finding suggests that the embryonic STAT5A gene is primarily activated by maternal gene products.
How Functional Connectivity between Emotion Regulation Structures Can Be Disrupted: Preliminary Evidence from Adolescents with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Newsome Mary R. , Scheibel Randall S. , Mayer Andrew R. , Chu Zili D. , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Hanten Gerri , Steinberg Joel L. , Lin Xiaodi , Li Xiaoqi , Merkley Tricia L. , Hunter Jill V. , Vasquez Ana C. , Cook Lori , Lu Hanzhang , Vinton Kami , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOutcome of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes impaired emotion regulation. Emotion regulation has been associated with amygdala and rostral anterior cingulate (rACC). However, functional connectivity between the two structures after injury has not been reported. A preliminary examination of functional connectivity of rACC and right amygdala was conducted in adolescents 2 to 3 years after moderate to severe TBI and in typically developing (TD) control adolescents, with the hypothesis that the TBI adolescents would demonstrate altered functional connectivity in the two regions. Functional connectivity was determined by correlating fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of the rACC and right amygdala with that of other brain regions. In the TBI adolescents, the rACC was found to be significantly less functionally connected to medial prefrontal cortices and to right temporal regions near the amygdala (height threshold T = 2.5, cluster level p < .05, FDR corrected), while the right amygdala showed a trend in reduced functional connectivity with the rACC (height threshold T = 2.5, cluster level p = .06, FDR corrected). Data suggest disrupted functional connectivity in emotion regulation regions. Limitations include small sample sizes. Studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to characterize the persistent neural damage resulting from moderate to severe TBI during development. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–14)
Low-Voltage Electron-Probe Microanalysis of Fe–Si Compounds Using Soft X-Rays
Authors: Gopon Phillip , Fournelle John , Sobol Peter E. , Llovet Xavier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractConventional electron-probe microanalysis has an X-ray analytical spatial resolution on the order of 1–4 μm width/depth. Many of the naturally occurring Fe–Si compounds analyzed in this study are smaller than 1 μm in size, requiring the use of lower accelerating potentials and nonstandard X-ray lines for analysis. Problems with the use of low-energy X-ray lines (soft X-rays) of iron for quantitative analyses are discussed and a review is given of the alternative X-ray lines that may be used for iron at or below 5 keV (i.e., accelerating voltage that allows analysis of areas of interest <1 μm). Problems include increased sensitivity to surface effects for soft X-rays, peak shifts (induced by chemical bonding, differential self-absorption, and/or buildup of carbon contamination), uncertainties in the mass attenuation coefficient for X-ray lines near absorption edges, and issues with spectral resolution and count rates from the available Bragg diffractors. In addition to the results from the traditionally used Fe Lα line, alternative approaches, utilizing Fe Lβ, and Fe Ll-η lines, are discussed.
Energy Loss by Channeled Electrons: A Quantitative Study on Transition Metal Oxides
Authors: Tatsumi Kazuyoshi , Muto Shunsuke , Rusz Ján 
Published: August 2013

AbstractElectron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) attached to current transmission electron microscopes can probe not only element-selective chemical information, but also site-selective information that depends on the position that a specific element occupies in a crystal lattice. The latter information is exploited by utilizing the Bloch waves symmetry in the crystal, which changes with its orientation with respect to the incident electron wave (electron channeling). We demonstrate the orientation dependence of the cross-section of the electron energy-loss near-edge structure for particular crystalline sites of spinel ferrites, by quantitatively taking into account the dynamical diffraction effects with a large number of the diffracted beams. The theoretical results are consistent with a set of experiments in which the transition metal sites in spinel crystal structures are selectively excited. A new measurement scheme for site-selective EELS using a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector is proposed and validated by theoretical predictions and trial experiments.
Prone belly board device training improves geometric setup accuracy in lower GI radiotherapy
Authors: Goldsworthy S. , McGrail S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients having a course of radiotherapy (RT) must be appropriately immobilised for stability and accuracy. Having opened a new cancer service in June 2009 and commenced treating lower gastrointestinal cancers in 2010, a prone belly board device (BBD) was introduced as the standard radiotherapy immobilisation. A training package was created to aid clinical skills retention of therapeutic radiographers and manage setup quality. Setup reproducibility using the BBD was retrospectively assessed with electronic portal image (EPI) verified geometric displacements as the main outcome measure both before and after the introduction of training.MethodTwenty retrospective Pinnacle computed tomography-planned patients and their geometric displacements on treatment were evaluated between 2010 and 2011—ten prior to (Patient Group A) and ten following training (Patient Group B). The only inclusion criterion was that patients were immobilised for RT on the Medtec ContouraTM carbon fibre BBD. Patients were prone and were treated to 45–50·4 Gy in 25–28 fractions on a 6–10 MV LinAc equipped with EPI. Reproducibility was assessed by comparing geometric measurement of the bony pelvis on the Pinnacle digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) with an EPI captured at day 0, 1, 2 and weekly during treatment for each patient. Systematic and random errors were analysed with respect to the average geometric displacement with standard deviation per patient between the Pinnacle DRR and the EPI.ResultsThe age range was 41–77 years and there were 15 male and five female patients with diagnosed rectal cancers (T3–T4, N0–N2, M0). Three hundred and seventy one images were analysed. An improvement in population systematic and random error was most notable in the superior–inferior direction (Patient Group A Σpop = 3·1 mm, σpop = 3·6 mm to Patient Group B Σpop = 2·0 mm, σpop = 2·3 mm, respectively).Discussion/ConclusionThere is evidence that the use of the BBD is more reproducible when accompanied by a task-specific training package. Based on the results of this study, further work will be carried out on training standardisation for patient positioning with a BBD for reducing systematic and random geometric displacements.
Bacterial genome replication at subzero temperatures in permafrost
Authors: Tuorto Steven J , Darias Phillip , McGuinness Lora R , Panikov Nicolai , Zhang Tingjun , Häggblom Max M , Kerkhof Lee J 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Microbial metabolic activity occurs at subzero temperatures in permafrost, an environment representing ∼25% of the global soil organic matter. Although much of the observed subzero microbial activity may be due to basal metabolism or macromolecular repair, there is also ample evidence for cellular growth. Unfortunately, most metabolic measurements or culture-based laboratory experiments cannot elucidate the specific microorganisms responsible for metabolic activities in native permafrost, nor, can bulk approaches determine whether different members of the microbial community modulate their responses as a function of changing subzero temperatures. Here, we report on the use of stable isotope probing with 13C-acetate to demonstrate bacterial genome replication in Alaskan permafrost at temperatures of 0 to −20 °C. We found that the majority (80%) of operational taxonomic units detected in permafrost microcosms were active and could synthesize 13C-labeled DNA when supplemented with 13C-acetate at temperatures of 0 to −20 °C during a 6-month incubation. The data indicated that some members of the bacterial community were active across all of the experimental temperatures, whereas many others only synthesized DNA within a narrow subzero temperature range. Phylogenetic analysis of 13C-labeled 16S rRNA genes revealed that the subzero active bacteria were members of the Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria phyla and were distantly related to currently cultivated psychrophiles. These results imply that small subzero temperature changes may lead to changes in the active microbial community, which could have consequences for biogeochemical cycling in permanently frozen systems.
Community shifts of actively growing lake bacteria after N-acetyl-glucosamine addition: improving the BrdU-FACS method
Authors: Tada Yuya , Grossart Hans-Peter 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In aquatic environments, community dynamics of bacteria, especially actively growing bacteria (AGB), are tightly linked with dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality. We analyzed the community dynamics of DNA-synthesizing and accordingly AGB by linking an improved bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry approach with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (BrdU-FACS). FACS-sorted cells of even oligotrophic ecosystems in winter were characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In incubation experiments, we examined community shifts of AGB in response to the addition of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), one of the most abundant aminosugars in aquatic systems. Our improved BrdU-FACS analysis revealed that AGB winter communities of oligotrophic Lake Stechlin (northeastern Germany) substantially differ from those of total bacteria and consist of Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Candidatus OP10 and Chloroflexi. AGB populations with different BrdU-fluorescence intensities and cell sizes represented different phylotypes suggesting that single-cell growth potential varies at the taxon level. NAG incubation experiments demonstrated that a variety of widespread taxa related to Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi actively grow in the presence of NAG. The BrdU-FACS approach enables detailed phylogenetic studies of AGB and, thus, to identify those phylotypes which are potential key players in aquatic DOM cycling.