bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Matemática Específica da Ação do Sujeito-Professor(a): Entre o Poder e o Saber
Authors: Santana Flávia Cristina de Macêdo , Menduni-Bortoloti Roberta D’Angela , Giraldo Victor Augusto 
Published: July 2024

Este artigo teve por objetivo inventariar e problematizar a matemática específica da ação do sujeito-professor que atua na Educação Básica em uma relação de movimento em que poderes e saberes estão entrelaçados. Para tanto, mobilizou-se algumas ferramentas conceituais propostas por Foucault. Optou-se pela análise do corpus constituído pelo conjunto de 27 artigos científicos que versam sobre o macrotema conhecimento matemático publicados nos periódicos Boletim de Educação Matemática (Bolema) e Educação Matemática Pesquisa (EMP) entre 2019 e 2023. Desse montante, apenas 12 apresentavam diretamente elementos da matemática específica da ação do sujeito-professor. Ao sermos afetados pelos discursos que circulam nas pesquisas da área, apoiamo-nos em quatro princípios que direcionam a análise do discurso como ferramenta metodológica, a saber: inversão, descontinuidade, especificidade e exterioridade. De maneira geral, as atuações performativas apresentadas neste artigo tomam o poder como uma instância produtiva, fabricante de subjetividades. Há uma relação de movimento entre o sujeito-professor e os saberes. O sujeito-professor produz saberes e é produzido por eles. A trama discursiva faz com que saberes e verdades sejam instituídos, tomando como referência a dimensão normativa do currículo. São essas as forças que se imbricam e interferem na organização curricular da matemática escolar.
Pengaruh Edukasi Manajemen Diabetes Mellitus terhadap Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2
Authors: Sarumi Rasniah , Aifu Dewi Kurniati , Sari Elna , Albert  , Trisnawati Astie 
Published: July 2024

Peningkatan kadar gula darah atau hiperglikemia sering ditemukan pada penderita diabetes mellitus yang tidak terkontrol. Kadar gula darah yang tidak terkontrol pada waktu yang lama dapat menyebabkan komplikasi baik makrovaskluer maupun mikrovaskuler. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi manajemen Diabetes Mellitus terhadap pengetahuan pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Katobu. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode the one group pretes-posttes design yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Katobu pada bulan Januari-Februari tahun 2024 dengan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 27 orang. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji wilcoxon. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum diberikan edukasi bahwa pengetahuan responden yang baik sebanyak 11 orang (40,7%) dan yang kurang sebanyak 16 orang (59,3%) sedangkan setelah diberikan edukasi kesehatan bahwa pengetahuan responden semua menjadi baik masing-masing sebanyak 27 orang (100%) serta terdapat pengaruh Edukasi Manajemen Diabetes Mellitus terhadap Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Katobu (ρ = 0,000. Disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh Edukasi Manajemen Diabetes Mellitus terhadap Pengetahuan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2. Disarankan agar responden rutin melakukan kunjungan ke poli untuk memeriksakan kadar gula darah di puskesmas
Reliability and validity of “My Jump 2” application for countermovement jump free arm and interlimb jump symmetry in different sports of professional athletes
Authors: Peng Yong , Sun Shaotong , Wang Yudi , Qin Ya xuan , Qin Di 
Published: July 2024

Background
Vertical jumping is an important evaluation tool to measure muscle strength and power as well as lower limb symmetry. It is of practical importance and value to develop and utilize a portable and low-cost mobile application (APP) to evaluate jumping. The “My Jump 2” app is an iPhone camera-based application for measuring jumping movements, which is applied to the countermovement jump (CMJ) vertical jumps of the lower limbs of athletes in different sports. The validity of this application and previous versions applied to different forms of vertical jump tests has been preliminarily demonstrated in different population, which has an obvious progress in research. Therefore, the reliability and validity of the jump height, time of flight parameters and symmetry of the CMJ vertical jump of athletes in different sports are needed to be verified by more experiments.

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to verify whether “My Jump 2” can effectively and reliably assess jump height, flight practice and lower limb symmetry in CMJAM (countermovement jump free arm) tests in fencing, swimming and diving athletes.

Methods
Seventy-nine fencers, swimmers and divers with training experience participated in this study. They completed a total of three CMJAM vertical jump and lower limb symmetry tests in 1 day, while being assessed by using the “My Jump 2” application and a force platform. The intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify reliability, while the Cronbach’s alpha and coefficient of variation (CV%) was used to analyze the stability of the CMJAM vertical jump test over three jumps. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to verify the strength of the relationship between methods (i.e., concurrent validity), and the Bland-Altman plot was used to represent consistency, meanwhile, the t-test was used to determine the systematic bias between methods.

Results
Compared with the force platform, the cumulative height values of the total number of jumps (r = 0.999; p = 0.000), the cumulative time to vacate (r = 0.999; p = 0.000) for the CMJAM test obtained by the “My Jump 2” application, the height (ICC = 0.999–1, p = 0.000), the time to vacate flight (ICC = 0.999–1, p = 0.000), contact time symmetry (ICC = 0.976–0.994, p = 0.000), and flight time symmetry (ICC = 0.921–0.982, p = 0.000), respectively. Showed high correlation between the results of “my jump 2” app and the force platform.

Conclusion
The “My Jump 2” application is a valid tool to assess CMJAM vertical jump and lower limb symmetry in fencing, swimming and diving athletes with training experience.
Biological Control by Microorganisms
Authors: Harper David R 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Biological control is the use of natural enemies to reduce the numbers of a damaging organism, which can be anything from a bacterium to a rabbit. Such natural enemies include pathogenic and competitor microorganisms. Biological control agents can be both less toxic and more flexible than chemical pesticides, although given the complexities of biological systems a relatively high level of understanding of the target organism is required. Although they may be more sympathetically regulated, their high specificity can impose limitations on commercial development. Biological control includes a wide range of approaches, from natural predators to biologically produced molecules. The focus of this article is on microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoans. Though many of these cause disease in or poison their target through toxin production, others may act by a different route, for example, by outcompeting the target organism or by excluding it from an ecological niche.

Key Concepts:

Biological control is use of material of biological origin to control the numbers or effects of a target organism.

Biological control includes the use of predators, competitors, pathogens and compounds of biological origin.

Microorganisms used include viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoans. These may cause disease, or may compete with or otherwise limit the target organism.

Biological controls tend to be highly specific. Although this generally makes them environmentally benign, it also means that they need to be used in a highly informed way.

Both specificity and the cost and nature of the agents used have limited the use of biological control. All approaches combined account for only approximately 5% of the global pesticides market, although this figure is rising.
Complement Regulatory Proteins and Related Diseases
Authors: Meri Seppo , Jarva Hanna 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Many regulatory proteins exist to prevent excessive complement activation and to protect our cells and tissues from inappropriate damage. The classical and lectin pathways are inhibited by C1 inhibitor (C1 INH) and C4b‐binding protein (C4bp). Deficiencies in C1 INH predispose to hereditary angiooedema (HAE). Factor H(FH) is the main inhibitor of the alternative pathway amplification cascade. Mutations and polymorphisms in FH predispose to meningococcal infections, dense deposit disease (also called membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II), partial lipodystrophy, atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) and age‐related macular degeneration. aHUS can also be the consequence of mutations in factor I (C4b/C3b inactivator) or membrane cofactor protein (CD46). Two other membrane regulators, decay‐accelerating factor (CD55) and protectin (CD59), have glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchors, whose acquired deficiency from bone marrow‐derived cells can lead to paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Cell damage and vascular thromboses are characteristic for PNH and aHUS.

Key Concepts:

Several complement inhibitors are needed because the complement system has a strong potential to cause inflammation and tissue damage.

The default of the complement system – in the absence of regulators – is to become activated and stay in a state of activation.

The alternative pathway factor H can discriminate between activators (nonhost) and nonactivators (host) to prevent attack against viable endogenous cells and structures.

Loss of complement inhibitor function usually predisposes to a spectrum of distinct diseases.

The diseases are characterised by ‘innate autoreactivity’, that is, attack against endogenous cells and tissues.

Anaemia, thrombocytopenia and endothelial cell damage are common features and lead, in severe cases, to thrombotic microangiopathy.

Inability to control complement activation may also lead to secondary complement deficiency and increased susceptibility to infections.

Complement regulators have cross‐inhibitory activity to kinin (C1INH) and coagulation (FH) systems. Loss of function thus predisposes, for example, to bradykinin formation (in HAE) and thrombosis (aHUS).

Initiation of complement dysregulation‐related diseases and disease attacks usually requires triggering factors (e.g. infection, trauma, medication and stress).

The emergence of therapeutic complement inhibitors and replacement therapy helps in controlling excessive disease‐related complement activation.
Rhynie Chert
Authors: Trewin Nigel H 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Rhynie chert of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, UK contains exceptionally well‐preserved Early Devonian (c. 407 Ma) fossil plants and arthropods. The chert is a siliceous rock resulting from the alteration of sinter deposited around surface vents by hydrothermal hot springs, and the cherts lie within shales and sandstones deposited by floods from a river system. The seven embryophyte plants include primitive rhyniophytes and early lycopods. Both sporophyte and gametophyte generations are preserved for several plants. Saprophytic, parasitic and symbiotic fungi are associated with the plants. The terrestrial fauna is dominated by arthropods with trigonotarbids, mites, myriapods and primitive hexapods, and freshwater pools contained branchiopod crustaceans and a euthycarcinoid. The biota comprises the oldest well‐preserved terrestrial ecosystem on Earth, and the primitive terrestrial plants form the cornerstone of palaeobotany.Key Concepts:The Rhynie chert contains the oldest well preserved terrestrial ecosystem on Earth.Silica preserves delicate 3D structures in plants and arthropods.The earliest full sporophte/gametophyte plant life histories are preserved.Superb preservation reveals many organisms with their earliest known occurrence in the chert.The advanced ecological relationships in the Rhynie chert indicate a long pre‐Devonian period of terrestrial colonisation by plants and arthropods.The ecosytem has many features in common with modern plant litter communities.
Flavivirus Infections in Humans
Authors: Roehrig John T , Barrett Alan DT 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Flaviviruses are enveloped, positive‐stranded
ribonucleic acid
viruses that are globally emerging and cause significant human disease in the form of encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever. The medically important flaviviruses are dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) and West Nile viruses. Most flaviviruses are maintained in animal reservoirs in nature and are transmitted to humans primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito or tick. Human‐to‐human transmission can also occur through transfusion or transplantation of infected tissue. Vaccines are available for only yellow fever and Japanese and TBE; however, new vaccines for dengue and West Nile are in clinical trials in humans. Disease diagnosis can be difficult as all flaviviruses are antigenically and genetically closely related. There are no effective antiviral therapies that exist for any flavivirus so the main approach to disease control is through vaccination and vector control.

Key Concepts:

Flaviviruses are important global human pathogens that primarily cause encephalitis and haemorrhagic disease.

Flaviviruses are enveloped, positive‐stranded RNA viruses.

Most human flaviviral infections are asymptomatic.

Flaviviruses are primarily transmitted to man by the bite of an infected mosquito or tick and are maintained in nature in animal reservoirs.

Flaviviruses can also be transmitted between humans by transfusion or transplantation of contaminated tissue.

All flaviviruses are closely related so diagnosis of human disease can be difficult.

Most flaviviral diseases are considered emerging infections.

There are no effective drugs or treatments for flaviviral infections.

Approved human flaviviral vaccines are available for Japanese encephalitis, tick‐borne encephalitis and yellow fever.

Control of flavivirus outbreaks largely depend on vector‐control measures.
RNA
Editing: Evolutionary Implications
Authors: Gray Michael W 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The term ‘
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
editing’ describes a variety of mechanistically unrelated biochemical activities that alter RNA molecules after transcription by addition, deletion or substitution of nucleotides. Examples include insertion and deletion of uridine residues in the mitochondrial
messenger RNAs (mRNAs)
of kinetoplastid protozoa; cytidine‐to‐uridine deamination of specific residues in the mitochondrial mRNAs and
transfer RNAs (tRNAs)
of land plants; conversion of adenosine to inosine via deamination in the nuclear transcripts of metazoan animals; and replacement of nonbase‐paired nucleotides at the 5′ and 3′ ends of certain mitochondrial tRNAs. A three‐stage ‘constructive neutral evolution’ (CNE) model, illustrated by specific examples, can explain in a general way how RNA‐editing systems might arise and become fixed. The CNE model proposes that potential editing systems arise before there is an actual requirement for editing, thereby serving to relax functional constraints at the genome level because harmful/lethal mutations are able to be reversed at the level of the corresponding transcript.

Key Concepts:

RNA editing is a process (typically post‐transcriptional) that alters the nucleotide sequence of an RNA molecule relative to the corresponding gene sequence.

Two general types of RNA editing are recognised: (1) insertional, in which nucleotides are added to (and also deleted from) internal positions and (2) substitutional, in which one nucleotide type replaces another at particular positions.

All types of cellular RNA (messenger, transfer and ribosomal) may undergo editing, as well as intron, noncoding and viral sequences.

RNA‐editing systems are almost exclusively restricted to eukaryotes, and are especially prominent in chloroplasts and mitochondria.

RNA‐editing systems are clearly derived traits, arising relatively recently within particular eukaryotic lineages.

RNA‐editing systems are mechanistically diverse and biochemically distinct, pointing to numerous separate evolutionary origins.

A ‘constructive neutral evolution’ (CNE) model provides a general explanation for the emergence of diverse RNA‐editing systems.

A basic tenet of the CNE model is that potential RNA‐editing systems arise before there is a need for editing.

The emergence of an RNA‐editing system allows fixation of otherwise deleterious mutations that can be ‘repaired’ by RNA editing.
Locus Control Regions (
LCRs
)
Authors: Bulger Michael , Groudine Mark 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Locus control regions (LCRs) are defined as
deoxyribonucleic acid
sequence elements that confer high‐level, tissue‐specific expression to stably integrated transgenes in a position‐independent manner. As such, LCRs mediate gene activation and render a high proportion of genomic integration sites permissive for such expression, and are distinguished from transcriptional enhancers, which like LCRs are capable of mediating gene activation over large genomic distances. The mechanistic basis for the functional distinction between LCRs and enhancers is unclear. LCRs appear to subsume the separate functions of both transcriptional enhancers and chromatin insulators, but may be qualitatively different from either of these classes of regulatory elements. At their native loci, however, LCRs may only be required for a subset of the activities that they display in transgenic contexts.

Key Concepts:

LCRs are
cis
‐acting DNA regulatory elements that have been identified at a number of tissue‐specific gene loci in vertebrates.

LCRs are defined by their activity in transgenic assays, where in addition to activating transcription of linked transgenes, they are capable of rendering most integration sites permissive for expression.

The mechanistic basis for LCR function in transgenes is unknown, and there is evidence both for LCRs representing simply a very strong enhancer and for LCRs harbouring an activity entirely distinct from that of enhancers, involving the long‐range propagation of an ‘open’ chromatin structure.

At the endogenous loci from which LCRs have been derived, they appear to be required for a variety of different functions, not all of which correspond to their activity in transgenes.

LCR function has been correlated with the regulation of nuclear localisation of linked genes.
Bitter Taste Sensitivity in Humans and Chimpanzees
Authors: Behrens Maik , Meyerhof Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) serve an important function during evolution. They are designed to detect toxic plant metabolites before ingestion. With respect to bitter taste receptors the genetic repertoire of animal species is highly diverse reflecting the species differences in their metabolic requirements, the variety of habitats and evolutionary history. Over the recent years, an incredible amount of data on human bitter taste receptor pharmacology, biochemistry and structural features has accumulated. It became apparent that
TAS2R
gene expression is not restricted to the oral cavity, but includes several nongustatory tissues, thus expanding the presumed roles of TAS2Rs. By comparing the bitter taste receptor genes of humans with our closest relative, the chimpanzee, we learn about some of the evolutionary forces that shaped the development of modern human beings. This article discusses the current knowledge on bitter taste physiology, TAS2R function and evolutionary conservation of human and chimpanzee
TAS2R
genes.

Key Concepts:

Taste physiology and hedonics of bitter taste appear similar in humans and chimpanzees.

Human bitter taste receptors can be grouped into generalists and specialists depending on their tuning breadth.

Similar to the human situation, bitter tasting abilities of the chimpanzee are in some instances individual.

Dynamic evolution of human and chimpanzee TAS2R genes is earmarked by regional diversification.

The rate of TAS2R gene pseudogenisation indicates relaxed evolutionary constraints in the primate lineage.
Gene Conversion During Primate Evolution
Authors: Satta Yoko 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Gene conversion is a nonreciprocal recombination process; the term originally referred to distorted segregation of alleles in gametocytes. In evolutionary studies, however, gene conversion often means ‘the transfer of
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
sequence information from one locus to another’. In evolutionary processes, gene conversion is frequently observed between tandemly duplicated sequences or between homologous sequences on the same or on different chromosome(s). Gene conversion between functional loci has three significant roles: (1) Gene conversion generally works to maintain sequence and functional similarity in the ‘coevolution’ of interacting molecules. (2) Gene conversion often takes place between a functional gene and a pseudogene, and such events mainly cause diseases, especially in humans. Rarely, such conversions may confer a novel function to a converted gene. (3) Gene conversion erases advantageous sequence divergence between genes. In these cases, negative selection against for conversion maintains the advantageous divergence, and the converted genes are eliminated from a population.

Key Concepts:

Concerted evolution is one of evolutionary mechanisms acting on multigene families, and it maintains homogeneity among members of the family within a species.

Coevolution at the molecular level means that two or more molecules that interact with each other evolve in a harmonious way.

A nonprocessed pseudogene is a functionless gene caused by detrimental mutations such as nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations (causing a premature stop codon) or mutations in the regulatory region (silencing the expression).

A processed pseudogene is a retrotransposed mRNA of a particular gene. They are randomly inserted into the genome and do not have regulatory elements; therefore, they usually are not expressed.

Paralogues are homologous genes within a species that originate from gene duplication.

Orthologues are homologous genes found in different species that are transmitted to daughter species during speciation.

Gametologues are homologous genes on a pair of sex chromosomes, for example, the X and Y chromosomes in mammals or the Z and W chromosomes in birds.