bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulations
Authors: Ladd D. Robert 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpeech simultaneously conveys both propositional and indexical meaning. This is approximately the difference between ‘what you said’ and ‘the way you said it’. Some indexical meaning is conveyed by arbitrary language-specific devices such as lexical choice and sociophonetic variation, but some is conveyed by paralinguistic cues (‘tone of voice’, ‘body language’) that are broadly speaking universal. Describing the universal aspects in terms of gradient ‘modulation’ of the phonetic manifestations of phonological categories expresses their formal similarity to sociophonetic variation. However, in some languages modulation may also be categorical, in phenomena like ideophones and ablaut morphology, and in these it plays a more centrally linguistic or propositional role.
What Makes a Good Decision?
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA number of models of how to deliberate are surveyed, deriving from Benjamin Franklin, contemporary consequentialism, causal decision theory, Ignatius of Loyola, and Jeremy Bentham. The question is raised whether there even can be a single model for all deliberation. Another picture of deliberation, Murdoch’s, is introduced, and its stress on imagination and ‘moral vision’ noted. The preconditions of deliberation—what has to be in place for deliberation even to be possible—are explored. Some of these preconditions are ‘outside’ the agent, some of them ‘inside’, and some not clearly either. Determinism and weakness of will come into the picture here, as does the causal nature of the world. The chapter closes by noting three features that agents must have if deliberation is to be an important part of their lives: they must be clever enough to get deliberation right, they must care about getting it right, and they must believe they can get it right.
Platonistic Virtue Ethics
Authors: Chappell Sophie Grace 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMany philosophers have explored the prospects for an Aristotelian virtue ethics (often on a fairly thin basis of actual Aristotle exegesis). On a not particularly fat basis of Plato exegesis—this chapter explores the prospects for a Platonistic virtue ethics. If the formula for Aristotelian virtue ethics says that ‘Right action is action in accordance with the virtues and contrary to no virtue’, then the formula for Platonistic virtue ethics says that ‘Good agency in the truest and fullest sense presupposes the contemplation of the Form of the Good’. A modest version of Platonistic virtue ethics is explored, which involves no commitment to the theory of Forms; this focuses on contemplation, a term to be explained by reference partly to familiar experiences of attention and study, and partly to Iris Murdoch’s The Sovereignty of Good.
Music Learning Today
Authors: Bauer William I. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Grounded in a research-based, conceptual model called Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK), the essential premise of Music Learning Today:Digital Pedagogy for Creating, Performing, and Responding to Music is that music educators and their students can benefit through use of technology as a tool to support learning in the three musical processes – creating, performing, and responding to music. Insights on how technology can be used to advantage in both traditional and emerging learning environments are provided, and research-based pedagogical approaches that align technologies with specific curricular outcomes are described. Importantly, the book advocates that the decision on whether or not to utilize technology for learning, and the specific technology that might be best suited for a particular learning context, should begin with a consideration of curricular outcomes (music subject matter). This is in sharp contrast to most other books on music technology that are technocentric, organized around specific software applications and hardware. The book also recognizes that knowing how to effectively use the technological tools to maximize learning (pedagogy) is a crucial aspect of the teaching-learning process. Drawing on the research and best practice literature in music education and related fields, pedagogical approaches that are aligned with curricular outcomes and specific technologies are suggested. It is not a “how to” book per se, but rather a text informed by the latest research, theories of learning, and documented best practices, with the goal of helping teachers develop the ability to understand the dynamics of effectively using technology for music learning.
Accurate cell segmentation in microscopy images using membrane patterns
Authors: Dimopoulos Sotiris , Mayer Christian E. , Rudolf Fabian , Stelling Joerg 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Identifying cells in an image (cell segmentation) is essential for quantitative single-cell biology via optical microscopy. Although a plethora of segmentation methods exists, accurate segmentation is challenging and usually requires problem-specific tailoring of algorithms. In addition, most current segmentation algorithms rely on a few basic approaches that use the gradient field of the image to detect cell boundaries. However, many microscopy protocols can generate images with characteristic intensity profiles at the cell membrane. This has not yet been algorithmically exploited to establish more general segmentation methods.
Results: We present an automatic cell segmentation method that decodes the information across the cell membrane and guarantees optimal detection of the cell boundaries on a per-cell basis. Graph cuts account for the information of the cell boundaries through directional cross-correlations, and they automatically incorporate spatial constraints. The method accurately segments images of various cell types grown in dense cultures that are acquired with different microscopy techniques. In quantitative benchmarks and comparisons with established methods on synthetic and real images, we demonstrate significantly improved segmentation performance despite cell-shape irregularity, cell-to-cell variability and image noise. As a proof of concept, we monitor the internalization of green fluorescent protein-tagged plasma membrane transporters in single yeast cells.
Availability and implementation : Matlab code and examples are available at http://www.csb.ethz.ch/tools/cellSegmPackage.zip .
Contact : sotiris.dimopoulos@gmail.com or joerg.stelling@bsse.ethz.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MaxLink: network-based prioritization of genes tightly linked to a disease seed set
Authors: Guala Dimitri , Sjölund Erik , Sonnhammer Erik L. L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Summary: MaxLink, a guilt-by-association network search algorithm, has been made available as a web resource and a stand-alone version. Based on a user-supplied list of query genes, MaxLink identifies and ranks genes that are tightly linked to the query list. This functionality can be used to predict potential disease genes from an initial set of genes with known association to a disease. The original algorithm, used to identify and rank novel genes potentially involved in cancer, has been updated to use a more statistically sound method for selection of candidate genes and made applicable to other areas than cancer. The algorithm has also been made faster by re-implementation in C++, and the Web site uses FunCoup 3.0 as the underlying network.
Availability and implementation: MaxLink is freely available at http://maxlink.sbc.su.se both as a web service and a stand-alone application for download.
Contact: dimitri.guala@scilifelab.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Spread and Control of Norovirus Outbreaks Among Hospitals in a Region: A Simulation Model
Authors: Bartsch Sarah M. , Huang Susan S. , Wong Kim F. , Avery Taliser R. , Lee Bruce Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground.  Because hospitals in a region are connected via patient sharing, a norovirus outbreak in one hospital may spread to others.Methods.  We utilized our Regional Healthcare Ecosystem Analyst software to generate an agent-based model of all the acute care facilities in Orange County (OC), California and simulated various norovirus outbreaks in different locations, both with and without contact precautions.Results.  At the lower end of norovirus reproductive rate (R0) estimates (1.64), an outbreak tended to remain confined to the originating hospital (≤6.1% probability of spread). However, at the higher end of R0 (3.74), an outbreak spread 4.1%–17.5% of the time to almost all other OC hospitals within 30 days, regardless of the originating hospital. Implementing contact precautions for all symptomatic cases reduced the probability of spread to other hospitals within 30 days and the total number of cases countywide, but not the number of other hospitals seeing norovirus cases.Conclusions.  A single norovirus outbreak can continue to percolate throughout a system of different hospitals for several months and appear as a series of unrelated outbreaks, highlighting the need for hospitals within a region to more aggressively and cooperatively track and control an initial outbreak.
Earnings management and listing regulations in China
Authors: Li Tao , Luo Mi , Ng David 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to document earnings management of Chinese firms.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper takes advantage of the introduction of stringent delisting requirements around 2000 that non-cross-listed firms with consecutive earnings losses for more than two years would be delisted from the mainland Chinese exchanges. The paper examines whether listed firms in Chinese market manage earnings to avoid listings. The paper also examines whether mainland Chinese firms cross-listed in Hong Kong exchanges manage earnings the same way. The measure for earnings management is derived from a kernel density estimate for the return on equity distribution, following Bollen and Pool (2009).

Findings
– The paper finds that the new delisting threats induce rampant earnings management on mainland markets, and cross-listing in Hong Kong has a curbing effect on earnings management. The paper also finds that prices became less value relevant after the implementation of delisting regulations, and investors rationally discounted the reliability of earnings announcements in China. Such market responses were absent for cross-listed firms in Hong Kong.

Originality/value
– There is little conclusive evidence about whether cross-listing in a non-US market has a curbing effect on earnings management. The paper contributes to this literature by using this unique exogenous policy change in China and following a difference-in-difference approach in identifying the potential curbing effect. The particular measure adapted from Bollen and Pool (2009) utilizes information of the whole distribution of return on equity, thus extends earlier crude comparison of nearest two bars around zero and partially deals with the potential endogeneity problem.
A modified lambda algorithm for optimization in electromagnetics
Authors: Alotto Piergiorgio , dos Santos Coelho Leandro , C. Mariani Viviana , da C. Oliveira Camila 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to show with the help widely used analytical and application-oriented benchmark problems that a novel and relatively uncommon optimization method, lambda optimization, can be successfully applied to the solution of optimization problems in electromagnetics. Furthermore an improvement to the method is proposed and its effectiveness is validated.

Design/methodology/approach
– An adaptive probability factor is used within the framework of lambda optimization.

Findings
– It is shown that in the framework of lambda optimization (LO) the use of an adaptive probability factor can provide high-quality solutions with small standard deviation on the selected benchmark problem.

Research limitations/implications
– Although the chosen benchmarks are considered to be representative of typical electromagnetic problems, different test cases may give less satisfactory results.

Practical implications
– The proposed approach appears to be an efficient general purpose stochastic optimizer for electromagnetic design problems.

Originality/value
– This paper introduces and validates the use of adaptive probability factor in order to improve the balance between the explorative and exploitative characteristics of the LO algorithm.
The challenge of work based learning: a role for academic mentors?
Authors: Stephens Simon , Doherty Oran , Bennett Billy , Margey Michael 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the key challenge(s) experienced by employers, employees and academics during work based learning (WBL) programmes at undergraduate level. The idea of academic mentors is proposed as an aid to addressing the challenges common to WBL programmes.

Design/methodology/approach
– The case study presented in this paper involves a large multinational organisation and a higher education institution, both of which are based in Ireland. Interviews were used to explore the outcome(s) of a WBL programme.

Findings
– The challenges associated with WBL place demands on the design of curriculum, pedagogy and accreditation. The use of academic mentors can help translate academic knowledge into workplace practice; and address challenges which are common in WBL programmes.

Practical implications
– The understanding of best practice in the design of WBL programmes is enriched. A role for academics as mentors is identified and the implications explored.

Originality/value
– The success of WBL can be linked to the relationships that form between employers, employees and academics. There is evidence that the academic is central to the development of these relationships.
A semiotic analysis of the extendibility of luxury brands
Authors: Veg-Sala Nathalie , Roux Elyette 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– Considering a long-term perspective and the discourse directly emitted by brands, the aim is to study how can brand extension potential be predicted through the analysis of brand contracts?Design/methodology/approach– Considering a long-term perspective and the discourse directly emitted by brands, the aim is to study how can brand extension potential be predicted through the analysis of brand contracts?Findings– Three groups of brands are identified: brands anchored in both determination and mastery contracts defined as open (high extendibility); brands anchored in a determination contract defined as open, as well as in a mastery contract defined as closed (low extendibility); brands anchored in a mastery contract defined as open as well as in a determination contract defined as not closed (high extendibility, but risks of diluting the brand value).Research limitations/implications– Compared with extensions actually developed by these brands, the results are discussed and strategies are proposed to maximize the long-term brand development when the brand extension potential is low. Only studied on products, it would be interesting to complete this analysis in services.Originality/value– The main contribution is the focus on brand narratives and contracts to predict the brand extensibility of luxury brands. Structural semiotics provides another original insight.
Brand image and customers' willingness to pay a price premium for food brands
Authors: Anselmsson Johan , Vestman Bondesson Niklas , Johansson Ulf 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The aim is to understand customers' willingness, or unwillingness, to pay a price premium in the market for consumer packaged food and what kind of images brands can use in order to achieve a price premium.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study is based on a quantitative survey of brand images found in food and branding literature and their impact on loyalty as well as customers' willingness to pay a price premium for consumer packaged food.

Findings
– The survey shows that quality is a significant determinant of price premium, but adding other image dimensions doubles the predictability and understanding about price premium. The strongest determinants of price premium are social image, uniqueness and home country origin. Other significant determinants are corporate social responsibility (CSR) and awareness.

Practical implications
– The results help brand managers to recognise the importance of incorporating price premium and to develop a better understanding of what drives price premium in addition to more traditional dimensions as quality and loyalty.

Originality/value
– In grocery retailing, the competition for customers, margins and price premiums between manufacturer and private labels is fierce. Traditionally, the literature on this competition has focused on quality and product improvements as the main tool for creating distance to low priced competition. This study looks into other more branding related dimensions to distance from price competition.
Big demand(s), small supply – Muslim children in Italian school canteens: a cultural perspective
Authors: Giovine Roberta 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to explore the food needs of a growing Muslim population in Italian kindergartens and primary schools and to provide a basis for further quantitative research.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology is essentially qualitative – historical, anthropological, social sources were studied to set the scene for a number of interviews (now 14, eventually 20) with cultural mediators, who know the implications of both cultures, and are trained to see the differences. The results of the interviews were then validated through interactions with anthropologists, food and religious historians, religious authorities and others.

Findings
– The main findings are that: food and food prohibitions bear fundamental religious and identity-related implications for Muslims, that reverberate onto migrants' children of school age and dramatically limit their access to canteen food; halal meat traders exist in Italy, and can provide legally compliant, halal-certified meat, but school/public administrations do not seem to be aware of their interest.

Research limitations/implications
– The number of available mediators is relatively small, although they generally agree on all the basics. The research is qualitative and will require more in-depth analysis.

Practical implications
– Better awareness of the Maghrebi Muslims' food requirements in school canteens. The need to develop a halal meat trade for public institutions and to lobby for the right of these children to bring packed lunches from home.

Originality/value
– The paper has a heuristic value. It could have immediate implications for the stakeholders and, on the other hand, promote quantitative studies.
Identification and characterization of bovine programmed death‐ligand 2
Authors: Nishimori Asami , Konnai Satoru , Ikebuchi Ryoyo , Okagawa Tomohiro , Nakajima Chie , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Mingala Claro N. , Murata Shiro , Ohashi Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPrevious reports from this group have indicated that the immunoinhibitory programmed death (PD)‐1 receptor and its ligand, PD‐L1, are involved in the mechanism of immune evasion of bovine chronic infection. However, no functional analysis of bovine PD‐L2 in cattle has been reported. Thus, in this study, the molecular function of bovine PD‐L2 was analyzed in vitro. Recombinant PD‐L2 (PD‐L2‐Ig), which comprises an extracellular domain of bovine PD‐L2 fused to the Fc portion of rabbit IgG1, was prepared based on the cloned cDNA sequence for bovine PD‐L2. Bovine PD‐L2‐Ig bound to bovine PD‐1‐expressing cells and addition of soluble bovine PD‐1‐Ig clearly inhibited the binding of PD‐L2‐Ig to membrane PD‐1 in a dose‐dependent manner. Cell proliferation and IFN‐γ production were significantly enhanced in the presence of PD‐L2‐Ig in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cattle. Moreover, PD‐L2‐Ig significantly enhanced IFN‐γ production from virus envelope peptides‐stimulated PBMCs derived from bovine leukemia virus‐infected cattle. Interestingly, PD‐L2‐Ig‐induced IFN‐γ production was further enhanced by treatment with anti‐bovine PD‐1 antibody. These data suggest potential applications of bovine PD‐L2‐Ig as a therapy for bovine diseases.
Targeting the Notch signaling pathway in cancer therapeutics
Authors: Guo Huajiao , Lu Yi , Wang Jianhua , Liu Xia , Keller Evan T. , Liu Qian , Zhou Qinghua , Zhang Jian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDespite advances in surgery, imaging, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the poor overall cancer‐related death rate remains unacceptable. Novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. Nowadays, targeted therapy has become the most promising therapy and a welcome asset to the cancer therapeutic arena. There is a large body of evidence demonstrating that the Notch signaling pathway is critically involved in the pathobiology of a variety of malignancies. In this review, we provide an overview of emerging data, highlight the mechanism of the Notch signaling pathway in the development of a wide range of cancers, and summarize recent progress in therapeutic targeting of the Notch signaling pathway.
Tissue near infra red spectroscopy change is not correlated with patients' outcome in elective cardiac surgery
Authors: MOREL J. , BOUCHET J. B. , VOLA M. , BÉRAUD A. M. , CLERC M. , AWAD S. , AUBOYER C. , MOLLIEX S. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundMicrocirculatory disturbances following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are thought to be at the origin of organ dysfunction, although few studies have correlated microvascular alterations with outcome. We aimed to assess the microcirculation with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and correlate NIRS parameters with intensive care length of stay and organ dysfunction.MethodsForty patients at increased risk of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome after an elective cardiac surgery with CPB were included in this prospective observational study. Microcirculation of the thenar eminence was analysed by NIRS technology, through the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and the recovery slope after an ischaemic challenge. Organ dysfunction was assessed with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. Microcirculation parameters were recorded at baseline, at different time points during the surgery and the first 48 postoperative hours.ResultsStO2 at baseline was 82% and decreased significantly until 77% at 2 h after CPB. Recovery slope values were 4.3% per second at baseline and decreased to 2.5% per second during CPB (P < 0.05). From 12 h after CPB time point, both parameters were not statistically different from baseline anymore. We found no correlation between microcirculatory parameters and mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay or SOFA score.ConclusionThis study confirms, through a non‐invasive technology, a significant but transient alteration of the microcirculation during elective cardiac surgery. However, as these microvascular alterations were not correlated with patient's outcome, NIRS‐derived parameters seem to be of limited interest in the cardiac surgery setting.