bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Florbetapir (18F) for brain amyloid positron emission tomography: Highlights on the European marketing approval
Authors: Cortes‐Blanco Anabel , Prieto‐Yerro Concha , Martinez‐Lazaro Raul , Zamora Javier , Jiménez‐Huete Adolfo , Haberkamp Marion , Pohly Johannes , Enzmann Harald , Zinserling Jörg , Strassmann Valerie , Broich Karl 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFlorbetapir (18F) for brain amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been recently approved in Europe to estimate β‐amyloid neuritic plaque density in the brain when the subject is still alive. Such density is one of the key issues for the definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) at autopsy. This capability of florbetapir (18F) is regarded as a significant improvement in the diagnostic procedures for adult patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for AD and other causes of cognitive impairment. The current paper highlights the specific characteristics of the European marketing authorization of florbetapir (18F).
Two-layer gap-leaping oceanic boundary currents: experimental investigation
Authors: Kuehl Joseph J. , Sheremet V. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe problem of oceanic gap-traversing boundary currents, such as the Kuroshio current crossing the Luzon Strait or the Gulf Stream traversing the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico, is considered. Systems such as these are known to admit two dominant states: leaping across the gap or penetrating into the gap forming a loop current. Which state the system will assume and when transitions between states will occur are open problems. Sheremet (J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 31, 2001, pp. 1247–1259) proposed, based on idealized barotropic numerical results, that variation in the current’s inertia is responsible for these transitions and that the system admits multiple states. Generalized versions of these results have been confirmed by barotropic rotating-table experiments (Sheremet & Kuehl, J. Phys. Oceanogr., vol. 37, 2007, 1488–1495; Kuehl & Sheremet,J. Mar. Res., vol. 67, 2009, pp. 25–42). However, the typical structure of oceanic boundary currents, such as the Gulf Stream or Kuroshio, consists of an upper-layer intensified flow riding atop a weakly circulating lower layer. To more accurately address this oceanic situation, the present work extends the above findings by considering two-layer rotating table experiments. The flow is driven by pumping water through sponges and vertical seals, creating a Sverdrup interior circulation in the upper layer which impinges on a ridge where a boundary current is formed. The$\beta $effect is incorporated in both layers by a sloping rigid lid as well as a sloping bottom and the flow is visualized with the particle image velocimetry method. The experimental set-up is found to produce boundary currents consistent with theory. The existence of multiple states and hysteresis, characterized by a cusp topology of solutions, is found to be robust to stratification and various properties of the two-layer system are explored.
Fair Copyright for Canada: Lessons for Online Social Movements from the First Canadian Facebook Uprising
Authors: Haggart Blayne 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.Despite the growing importance of social media, their political effectiveness remains understudied. Drawing on and updating resource mobilization theory and political process theory, this article considers how social media make “political engagement more probable” and determine the success of online social movements. It does so by examining the mainstreaming of the Canadian “user rights” copyright movement, focusing on the Fair Copyright for Canada Facebook page, created in December 2007. This decentralized, grassroots, social media-focused action—the first successful campaign of its kind in Canada and one of the first in the world—changed the terms of the Canadian copyright debate and legitimized Canadian user rights. As this case demonstrates, social media have changed the type and quantity of resources needed to create and sustain social movements, creating openings for new groups and interests. Their success, however, remains dependent on the political context within which they operate.Résumé.Malgré l'importance croissante des médias sociaux, leur efficacité politique est encore peu étudiée. En s'appuyant sur et en mettant á jour la théorie de la mobilisation des ressources et la théorie du processus politique, cet article examine comment les médias sociaux rendent « l'engagement politique plus probable » (Jensen et al., 2012 : 16) et détermine la réussite des mouvements sociaux en ligne. Il le fait en examinant l'intégration du mouvement canadien de « droits d'utilisateur » dans le débat sur les droits d'auteur et en se concentrant sur la page FacebookFair Copyright for Canada, créée en décembre 2007. Cet action décentralisée populaire, axée sur les médias sociaux—la première campagne réussie de son genre au Canada et l'une des premières du monde—a changé les termes du débat sur les droits d'auteur canadiens et a légitimé les droits d'utilisateur canadiens. Cette affaire montre que les médias sociaux ont changé le type et la quantité des ressources nécessaires pour créer et maintenir les mouvements sociaux, et qu'ils ont crée, par la suite, des ouvertures pour des nouveaux groupes et intérêts. Leur succès reste cependant dépendant du contexte politique dans lequel elles opèrent.
Beteiligung von Patienten an medizinischen Entscheidungen – ein Überblick zu Patientenpräferenzen und Einflussfaktoren
Authors: Ernst J. , Brähler E. , Weißflog G. 
Published: January 2014

ZusammenfassungDie Mitwirkung von Patienten an medizinischen Behandlungsentscheidungen wird als Querschnittsthema seit einigen Jahren intensiv diskutiert. Der vorliegende Übersichtsartikel beschäftigt sich mit der Patientenmitwirkung an medizinischen Entscheidungen (shared decision making) überwiegend für den Bereich der Onkologie und gibt einen Überblick zu den Patientenpräferenzen sowie zu Umfang und zu den Ergebnissen der Patiententeilhabe. Skizziert werden darüber hinaus methodische Aspekte der Messung von Patientenbeteiligung und der theoretische Ansatz des shared decision making. 16–50% der Patienten präferieren eine Entscheidungsbeteiligung. Diese variiert nach soziodemografischen und krankheitsassoziierten Variablen, deren Wirkrichtung zum Teil uneinheitlich beschrieben wird. Positive Auswirkungen der Patiententeilnahme sind im Wesentlichen kurzfristig und zuvorderst für psychosoziale Outcome-Kriterien festzustellen. Eine weitere methodische Ausdifferenzierung sollte auf dyadische Konzepte fokussieren und Dimensionen der Patientenbeteiligung über die Therapie hinaus berücksichtigen. Auch stehen die Bewertung von Entscheidungsverläufen, die Interdependenzen zwischen der eher sachbezogenen medizinischen Entscheidungsfindung und der Emo­tionsregulierung im ärztlichen Gespräch sowie die Abbildung möglicher (langzeitlicher) Effekte hinsichtlich der Genesung, des Erkrankungsverlaufs, psychosozialer Folgen oder wirtschaftlicher Auswirkungen auf der Forschungsagenda.
Osteal macrophages support physiologic skeletal remodeling and anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone in bone
Authors: Cho Sun Wook , Soki Fabiana N. , Koh Amy J. , Eber Matthew R. , Entezami Payam , Park Serk In , van Rooijen Nico , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Cellular subpopulations in the bone marrow play distinct and unexplored functions in the regulation of the skeleton. A type of blood cell that resides in the bone marrow termed “osteal macrophage” was found to play a role in bone homeostasis by supporting bone formation and mediating parathyroid hormone-dependent bone regeneration. Furthermore, induction of cell death in mature macrophages activated the specialized process of efferocytosis (clearance of dead and dying cells), leading to a marrow microenvironment that supported bone formation.
Nursery areas of juvenile northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra) in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to hydrography and thermal regimes
Authors: Cooper Daniel W. , Duffy-Anderson Janet T. , Norcross Brenda L. , Holladay Brenda A. , Stabeno Phyllis J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Age-0 and age-1 northern rock sole were collected over large-scale areas of the eastern Bering Sea in the summers of 2003, 2008 and 2010. Age-0 presence was poorly predicted by a published resource selection model developed for the Gulf of Alaska, and the failure of that model may have been caused by oceanographic features in the eastern Bering Sea. Where a front (inner front) separated the well-mixed coastal domain from the stratified middle domain, age-0 fish were less abundant and occurred at fewer stations in the nearshore, thermally mixed coastal domain than expected by the Gulf of Alaska model. In contrast, where the inner front was not established, age-0 fish were present in the highest densities in nearshore and thermally mixed waters. North of Unimak Island, the same hydrographic pattern that inhibits the formation of the inner front also likely transports larvae near shore. Age-1 densities were highest in the coastal domain, and age-0 length decreased with distance from shore, suggesting northern rock sole move shoreward after settlement. Juvenile northern rock sole were abundant in a nursery area between Nunivak Island and Cape Newenham in a warm period (2003), but were almost completely absent in cold periods (2008 and 2010), leading to the hypothesis that climate variability limits the utility of this nursery area during cold periods.
The association of pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause of death in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study
Authors: Bergmann Manuela M , Rehm Jürgen , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Boeing Heiner , Schütze Madlen , Drogan Dagmar , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Fagherazzi Guy , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Teucher Birgit , Kaaks Rudolph , Trichopoulou Antonia , Benetou Vassiliki , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Palli Domenico , Pala Valeria , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Beulens Joline WJ , Redondo Maria Luisa , Duell Eric J , Molina-Montes Esther , Navarro Carmen , Barricarte Aurelio , Arriola Larraitz , Allen Naomi E , Crowe Francesca L , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Romaguera Dora , Wark Petra A , Romieu Isabelle , Nunes Luciana , Riboli Elio , Ferrari Pietro 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background There is limited evidence for an association between the pattern of lifetime alcohol use and cause-specific risk of death.
Methods Multivariable hazard ratios were estimated for different causes of death according to patterns of lifetime alcohol consumption using a competing risks approach: 111 953 men and 268 442 women from eight countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study were included. Self-reported alcohol consumption at ages 20, 30, 40 or 50 years and at enrolment were used for the analysis; 26 411 deaths were observed during an average of 12.6 years of follow-up.
Results The association between lifetime alcohol use and death from cardiovascular diseases was different from the association seen for alcohol-related cancers, digestive, respiratory, external and other causes. Heavy users (&gt;5 drinks/day for men and &gt;2.5 drinks/day for women), regardless of time of cessation, had a 2- to 5-times higher risk of dying due to alcohol-related cancers, compared with subjects with lifetime light use (≤1 and ≤0.5 drink/week for men and women, respectively). Compared with lifetime light users, men who used &lt;5 drinks/day throughout their lifetime had a 24% lower cardiovascular disease mortality (95% confidence interval 2-41). The risk of death from coronary heart disease was also found to be 34–46% lower among women who were moderate to occasionally heavy alcohol users compared with light users. However, this relationship was only evident among men and women who had no chronic disease at enrolment.
Conclusions Limiting alcohol use throughout life is associated with a lower risk of death, largely due to cardiovascular disease but also other causes. However, the potential health benefits of alcohol use are difficult to establish due to the possibility of selection bias and competing risks related to diseases occurring later in life.
Lignin Modification Leads to Increased Nodule Numbers in Alfalfa
Authors: Gallego-Giraldo Lina , Bhattarai Kishor , Pislariu Catalina I. , Nakashima Jin , Jikumaru Yusuke , Kamiya Yuji , Udvardi Michael K. , Monteros Maria J. , Dixon Richard A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Reduction of lignin levels in the forage legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa) by down-regulation of the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A:shikimate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) results in strongly increased digestibility and processing ability of lignocellulose. However, these modifications are often also associated with dwarfing and other changes in plant growth. Given the importance of nitrogen fixation for legume growth, we evaluated the impact of constitutively targeted lignin modification on the belowground organs (roots and nodules) of alfalfa plants. HCT down-regulated alfalfa plants exhibit a striking reduction in root growth accompanied by an unexpected increase in nodule numbers when grown in the greenhouse or in the field. This phenotype is associated with increased levels of gibberellins and certain flavonoid compounds in roots. Although HCT down-regulation reduced biomass yields in both the greenhouse and field experiments, the impact on the allocation of nitrogen to shoots or roots was minimal. It is unlikely, therefore, that the altered growth phenotype of reduced-lignin alfalfa is a direct result of changes in nodulation or nitrogen fixation efficiency. Furthermore, HCT down-regulation has no measurable effect on carbon allocation to roots in either greenhouse or 3-year field trials.
Institutional influences on women's representation on corporate boards
Authors: Sheridan Alison , Ross-Smith Anne , Lord Linley 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to interrogate changes to women's representation on boards from an institutional perspective in a particular national context (Australia).Design/methodology/approach– Drawing on institutional theory at the legal, political and social levels the paper identifies the factors through which women's underrepresentation on corporate boards in Australia gained traction over the period 2009-2012.Findings– Through the analysis of the Australian context over the period 2009-2012, the paper proposes a framework to represent the multiple, differentiated and often conflicting spheres affecting women's representation on boards and how this may have wider application internationally.Research limitations/implications– In focusing on the institutional factors, the paper does not mean to underplay organisational factors relevant to women's access to board positions; rather the authors seek to draw attention to how the organisational factors may be shaped by changing institutional “rules”. From the interrogation of the conditions under which women's underrepresentation on corporate boards in Australia gained traction, the paper provides a conceptual foundation for the emerging study of institutions and women's representation on corporate boards internationally.Practical implications– The purpose of documenting these institutional changes in Australia is to be instructive to others addressing the practical problem of how to increase women's representation on boards and what institutional factors may need to be considered to prompt change.Originality/value– The conceptual framework adds to the as yet relatively under-theorised field of women on corporate boards.
Job demands, health, and absenteeism: does bullying make things worse?
Authors: Devonish Dwayne 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine workplace bullying as a potential moderator (or exacerbator) in the relationship between job demands and physical, mental and behavioral strain.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey data from a cross-section of 262 employees were collected using a range of measures and hierarchical moderated regressions were performed to examine the interactive effects of job demands and workplace bullying on physical exhaustion, depression, and medically certified and uncertified absenteeism.

Findings
– The results revealed that workplace bullying significantly exacerbated the effects of job demands on physical exhaustion, depression, and uncertified absenteeism.

Research limitations/implications
– The study utilized a cross-sectional self-report survey research design which does not permit causal inferences to be made. Longitudinal research is needed to further investigate these relationships reported here.

Practical implications
– Managers should seek to minimize workplace bullying as well as excessive job demands to help alleviate the risk of employees developing negative health outcomes.

Originality/value
– The study investigated how different categories of stressors interact with each other to predict various health outcomes or forms of job strains.
Making and measuring “good” HR practice in an SME: the case of a Yorkshire bakery
Authors: Doherty Liz , Norton Ann 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to understand how “good” HR practice is characterised in SMEs and what the drivers are for adopting this good practice. The paper also explores methods for measuring the impact of HR practice which are helpful and realistic in the context of an SME.Design/methodology/approach– The research was carried out in one SME, a bakery based in South Yorkshire. It was an action research project which utilised semi-structured interviews, participant observation on the factory floor and analysis of company documentation in the diagnosis phase. In addition, reflections on action interventions have informed the findings, together with post-project, semi-structured interviews with key actors three years after the completion of the project.Findings– The drivers of good HR practice were found to be size, market position, external “coercive networks”, presenting issues, the ideology of the managing director and the energy of an HR champion. The findings demonstrate that the impact of “good” HR practice can be best evaluated in SMEs through one-shot, cost-based metrics or more strategic qualitative measures.Originality/value– The paper develops an original model to show the relationship between the drivers, the HR practices adopted and measurable outcomes. This makes an important contribution to the debate about HRM within SMEs and it has practical value for informing the development of good HR practice in SMEs.
Capital structure inconclusiveness: evidence from Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore
Authors: Haron Razali 
Published: January 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper of this study is to examine the possible factors contributing to the issue of inconclusiveness in capital structure studies. This study also attempts to provide logical explanations to the unresolved issue of inconsistencies in the relationship between factors identified and leverage in capital structure studies. Comparisons are also made between the emerging market and the developed market to see whether the findings are consistent with both market landscapes.Design/methodology/approach– This study employs two models in its methodology which are static and dynamic models to examine the effects of using different models in the study. The fixed effect model and partial adjustment model represent the static and dynamic models, respectively. The dynamic model is estimated using generalized method of moments. This study also uses six definitions of leverage to examine the impact of using different leverage definition in capital structure studies. To test the robustness of the findings comparison were made with past studies done by other researchers on developed markets.Findings– This study found that the use of different models (with the same leverage definition) and different leverage definitions (using the same model) give different results including signs. Inconsistencies were more obvious in the different leverage definitions (using the same model) compared to the use of different models (with the same leverage definition). There was also evidence that the findings were consistent with both the emerging and the developed markets as other studies on developed markets also report inconsistent results when using different models and different leverage definitions.Research limitations/implications– The sample chosen focussed only on firms in three emerging markets (Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore) thus it may not be sufficient for generalization.Originality/value– The issue of inconclusive results and findings in capital structure studies keeps recurring but no study has been done to further understand the issue. Using data from the selected countries, this paper attempts to fill this gap in the literature.
An extensile method on the arbitrage pricing theory based on downside risk (D-APT)
Authors: Reza Tavakoli Baghdadabad Mohammad , Glabadanidis Paskalis 
Published: January 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new and improved version of arbitrage pricing theory (APT), namely, downside APT (D-APT) using the concepts of factors’ downside beta and semi-variance.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study includes 163 stocks traded on the Malaysian stock market and uses eight macroeconomic variables as the dependent and independent variables to investigate the relationship between the adjusted returns and the downside factors’ betas over the whole period 1990-2010, and sub-periods 1990-1998 and 1999-2010. It proposes a new version of the APT, namely, the D-APT to replace two deficient measures of factor's beta and variance with more efficient measures of factors’ downside betas and semi-variance to improve and dispel the APT deficiency.

Findings
– The paper finds that the pricing restrictions of the D-APT, in the context of an unrestricted linear factor model, cannot be rejected over the sample period. This means that all of the identified factors are able to price stock returns in the D-APT model. The robustness control model supports the results reported for the D-APT as well. In addition, all of the empirical tests provide support the D-APT as a new asset pricing model, especially during a crisis.

Research limitations/implications
– It may be worthwhile explaining the autocorrelation limitation between variables when applying the D-APT.

Practical implications
– The framework can be useful to investors, portfolio managers, and economists in predicting expected stock returns driven by macroeconomic and financial variables. Moreover, the results are important to corporate managers who undertake the cost of capital computations, fund managers who make investment decisions and, investors who assess the performance of managed funds.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first study to apply the concepts of semi-variance and downside beta in the conventional APT model to propose a new model, namely, the D-APT.