bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura with exuberant oral manifestations in a patient with Turner syndrome
Authors: Santos Liz Oliveira Trajano dos , Santos Angélica de Sousa , Oliveira Marielly de Souza , Lopes Natalia Vitória de Araújo , de Oliveira Júnior José Klidenberg , Medeiros Hianne Cristinne de Morais , Cunha John Lennon Silva , Barnabé Luan Éverton Galdino 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune hematological condition characterized by isolated thrombocytopenia and frequently presents with oral manifestations. However, reports of primary ITP in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) are exceptionally rare, with few cases documented in the literature. Herein, we describe an unusual case of primary ITP with exuberant oral manifestations in a patient with TS.Case reportA 29‐year‐old woman was referred to an oral diagnostic service with complaints of “blood blisters and gum bleeding” lasting 8 h. On extraoral physical examination, multiple petechiae were observed in the upper and lower limbs, in addition to hemorrhagic extravasation in the right ocular sclera (hyposphagma). On intraoral examination, multiple vesicles and blisters filled with blood were identified on the lower lip, back of the tongue, and buccal mucosa, along with spontaneous gingival bleeding and hemorrhagic petechiae on the palate. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia (5000/mm3), whereas the blood count showed normality in the red and white series. After excluding other etiological factors or associated diseases, the patient was diagnosed with severe ITP and began treatment with systemic corticosteroids in the intensive care unit, resulting in a successful increase in platelets. After a 2‐year follow‐up, the patient remains free of ITP recurrences.ConclusionOral manifestations may be one of the first signs of ITP. Therefore, it is essential that dentists are familiar with the condition and, when faced with unusual oral bleeding, consider the possibility of a hematological disorder such as ITP, ensuring a correct and early diagnosis. Moreover, the presence of ITP can further exacerbate complications associated with TS. Therefore, rigorous follow‐up of these patients is crucial, considering the high incidence of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and the reduced life expectancy of these patients.
Two faces of activation attitudes. Explaining citizens' diverging views on demanding versus enabling activation policies
Authors: Meuleman Bart , Van Hootegem Arno , Rossetti Federica , Abts Koen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines public attitudes towards two types of ALMPs: enabling activation, which prioritises training, skill formation, and human capital improvement; and demanding activation, which involves leading people towards employment through sanctions and benefit cuts. While previous research has predominantly focused on demanding activation, this study is the first to compare public support for the two distinct faces of activation. Analysing data from the 2020 Belgian National Elections Study, we examine the role of self‐interest, political ideology, social justice preferences, and stereotypical images towards the unemployed in explaining both types of activation attitudes. We find that attitudes towards enabling and demanding activation policies are clearly distinct in their measurement and driving forces. While the enabling type appeals especially to the principle of equality and positive attitudes towards the unemployed, support for demanding ALMPs is based on the principle of equity and stereotypical views about the jobless.
Election reform and campaign finance: Did Alaska's top 4 nonpartisan primaries and ranked‐choice general elections affect political spending?
Authors: Albert Zachary , Boatright Robert G. , Cuthbert Lane , Eichen Adam , van Erve Wouter , La Raja Raymond J. , Rolfe Meredith 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveRanked‐choice voting (RCV) is increasingly seen as a way to reduce political polarization and increase voter choice in elections, but little is known about its effect on candidate fundraising. In 2022, Alaska held its first election using a nonpartisan Top 4 primary followed by a ranked‐choice general election. We analyze the effect of this new system on campaign financing practices in state legislative elections. There are many reasons to expect RCV to increase campaign spending, broaden the donor pool, and prompt donors to support candidates to whom they would not otherwise contribute.MethodWe measure changes in fundraising over the past decade in Alaska legislative elections. We conduct a network analysis of campaign contributors in Alaska for the 2018, 2020, and 2022 state legislative elections.ResultsRCV had minimal consequences for campaign fundraising. Our ability to draw broader conclusions about the relationship between RCV and campaign finance is complicated by unusual features of Alaska politics.ConclusionsThere is little evidence that the adoption of a Top 4/RCV system in Alaska had immediate effects on campaign finance in state legislative elections. However, patterns may change as legislators and donors adapt to the new system.
Numerical Investigation of Thermal Performance of Minichannels With Transversely Patterned Nonslip and Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Turbulent Flow Conditions
Authors: Vankudre Manish H. , Alvarado Jorge L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aims at understanding the effects of transversely patterned nonslip and slip (superhydrophobic) surfaces on thermal performance and pressure drop in a circular minichannel under turbulent flow conditions. Numerical simulations of fluid flow through patterned minichannels for a Reynolds number of 5600 under constant heat flux conditions were performed using CFD software Star-CCM+. The κ–ω SST turbulence model with a coupled solver was used for simulating flow through the minichannels. Several numerical cases were simulated to understand the effects of nonslip to slip ratio and width of nonslip bands on pressure drop and thermal performance of circular minichannels. Two nonslip to slip ratios (1 and 1/3) and three different nonslip bandwidths (0.2δ, 0.4δ, 0.8δ) were considered in the simulation process. Parameters representative of the flow and heat transfer behavior such as boundary layer thickness, friction factor, slip velocity, shape factor, Nusselt number, and performance evaluation criterion (PEC) were calculated to better understand the effects of nonslip to slip ratio and width of nonslip bands on thermal performance. The simulation results reveal that a decrease in nonslip to slip ratio and increase in nonslip width lead to a reduction in pressure drop and an enhancement in heat transfer. Furthermore, the configuration with a nonslip to slip ratio of 1/3 and a nonslip width of 0.8δ was found to be the optimal minichannel design, achieving a 40% reduction in pressure drop with a PEC value of 3.4. In summary, the numerical simulations show that properly designed microchannels consisting of slip and nonslip bands arranged transversely to the flow direction can lead to enhanced thermal performance under turbulent flow conditions.
Quick Prediction of Complex Temperature Fields Using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks
Authors: Wu Xiaohua , Lu Longsheng , Liang Lanzhi , Mei Xiaokang , Liang Qinghua , Zhong Yilin , Huang Zeqiang , Yang Shu , He Hengfei , Xie Yingxi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Qualified thermal management is an important guarantee for the stable work of electronic devices. However, the increasingly complex cooling structure needs several hours or even longer to simulate, which hinders finding the optimal heat dissipation design in the limited space. Herein, an approach based on conditional generative adversarial network (cGAN) is reported to bridge complex geometry and physical field. The established end-to-end model not only predicted the maximum temperature with high precision but also captured real field details in the generated image. The impact of amount of training data on model prediction performance was discussed, and the performance of the models fine-tuned and trained from scratch was also compared in the case of less training data or using in new electronic devices. Furthermore, the high expansibility of geometrically encoded labels makes this method possible to be used in the heat dissipation analysis of more electronic devices. More importantly, this approach, compared to the grid-based simulation, accelerates the process by several orders of magnitude and saves a large amount of energy, which can vastly improve the efficiency of the thermal management design of electronic devices.
Trajectories in long-term condition accumulation and mortality in older adults: a group-based trajectory modelling approach using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Chalitsios Christos V , Santoso Cornelia , Nartey Yvonne , Khan Nusrat , Simpson Glenn , Islam Nazrul , Stuart Beth , Farmer Andrew , Dambha-Miller Hajira 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo classify older adults into clusters based on accumulating long-term conditions (LTC) as trajectories, characterise clusters and quantify their associations with all-cause mortality.DesignWe conducted a longitudinal study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing over 9 years (n=15 091 aged 50 years and older). Group-based trajectory modelling was used to classify people into clusters based on accumulating LTC over time. Derived clusters were used to quantify the associations between trajectory memberships, sociodemographic characteristics and all-cause mortality by conducting regression models.ResultsFive distinct clusters of accumulating LTC trajectories were identified and characterised as: ‘no LTC’ (18.57%), ‘single LTC’ (31.21%), ‘evolving multimorbidity’ (25.82%), ‘moderate multimorbidity’ (17.12%) and ‘high multimorbidity’ (7.27%). Increasing age was consistently associated with a larger number of LTCs. Ethnic minorities (adjusted OR=2.04; 95% CI 1.40 to 3.00) were associated with the ‘high multimorbidity’ cluster. Higher education and paid employment were associated with a lower likelihood of progression over time towards an increased number of LTCs. All the clusters had higher all-cause mortality than the ‘no LTC’ cluster.ConclusionsThe development of multimorbidity in the number of conditions over time follows distinct trajectories. These are determined by non-modifiable (age, ethnicity) and modifiable factors (education and employment). Stratifying risk through clustering will enable practitioners to identify older adults with a higher likelihood of worsening LTC over time to tailor effective interventions to prevent mortality.
Did high frequency phone surveys during the COVID-19 pandemic include disability questions? An assessment of COVID-19 surveys from March 2020 to December 2022
Authors: Nascimento Dial Amanda , Vicente David , Mitra Sophie , Teodoro Douglas , Rivas Velarde Minerva 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesIn the midst of the pandemic, face-to-face data collection for national censuses and surveys was suspended due to limitations on mobility and social distancing, limiting the collection of already scarce disability data. Responses to these constraints were met with a surge of high-frequency phone surveys (HFPSs) that aimed to provide timely data for understanding the socioeconomic impacts of and responses to the pandemic. This paper provides an assessment of HFPS datasets and their inclusion of disability questions to evaluate the visibility of persons with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignWe collected HFPS questionnaires conducted globally from the onset of the pandemic emergency in March 2020 until December 2022 from various online survey repositories. Each HFPS questionnaire was searched using a set of keywords for inclusion of different types of disability questions. Results were recorded in an Excel review log, which was manually reviewed by two researchers.MethodsThe review of HFPS datasets involved two stages: (1) a main review of 294 HFPS dataset-waves and (2) a semiautomated review of the same dataset-waves using a search engine-powered questionnaire review tool developed by our team. The results from the main review were compared with those of a sensitivity analysis using and testing the tool as an alternative to manual search.ResultsRoughly half of HFPS datasets reviewed and 60% of the countries included in this study had some type of question on disability. While disability questions were not widely absent from HFPS datasets, only 3% of HFPS datasets included functional difficulty questions that meet international standards. The search engine-powered questionnaire review tool proved to be able to streamline the search process for future research on inclusive data.ConclusionsThe dearth of functional difficulty questions and the Washington-Group Short Set in particular in HFPS has contributed to the relative invisibility of persons with disabilities during the pandemic emergency, the lingering effects of which could impede policy-making, monitoring and advocacy on behalf of persons with disabilities.
Shifting Trade Winds: Southeast Asia’s Response to the United States–People’s Republic of China Trade Dispute
Authors: LIM SUNGHUN , NGUYEN ANH PHUOC THIEN 
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the trade dynamics of Southeast Asian countries in response to the trade dispute between the United States (US) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Our analysis uncovers diverse patterns of trade diversion effects among eight Southeast Asian countries, revealing significant disparities in their reactions to this trade dispute. Specifically, we observe Viet Nam’s substantial export growth to both the US and the PRC, influenced by geopolitical uncertainties and strategic relocations. Thailand, on the other hand, experiences positive effects on its exports to the US, potentially due to trade diversion, alongside diminishing exports to the PRC. Moreover, we find sector-specific trends, such as an upsurge in machinery exports from Viet Nam, Thailand, and Indonesia. In contrast, Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, and Singapore largely sustained their respective export levels to the US. Our findings highlight the importance of tailored trade policies that consider each Southeast Asian country’s unique industrial structure and degree of global value chain integration.
IFNγ Production by Functionally Reprogrammed Tregs Promotes Antitumor Efficacy of OX40/CD137 Bispecific Agonist Therapy
Authors: Imianowski Charlotte J. , Kuo Paula , Whiteside Sarah K. , von Linde Teresa , Wesolowski Alexander J. , Conti Alberto G. , Evans Alexander C. , Baird Tarrion , Morris Benjamin I. , Fletcher Nicole E. , Yang Jie , Poon Edmund , Lakins Matthew A. , Yamamoto Masahiro , Brewis Neil , Morrow Michelle , Roychoudhuri Rahul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are highly enriched within many tumors and suppress immune responses to cancer. There is intense interest in reprogramming Tregs to contribute to antitumor immunity. OX40 and CD137 are expressed highly on Tregs, activated and memory T cells, and NK cells. In this study, using a novel bispecific antibody targeting mouse OX40 and CD137 (FS120m), we show that OX40/CD137 bispecific agonism induces potent antitumor immunity partially dependent upon IFNγ production by functionally reprogrammed Tregs. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists reprograms Tregs into both fragile Foxp3+ IFNγ+ Tregs with decreased suppressive function and lineage-instable Foxp3− IFNγ+ ex-Tregs. Treg fragility is partially driven by IFNγ signaling, whereas Treg instability is associated with reduced IL2 responsiveness upon treatment with OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists. Importantly, conditional deletion of Ifng in Foxp3+ Tregs and their progeny partially reverses the antitumor efficacy of OX40/CD137 bispecific agonist therapy, revealing that reprogramming of Tregs into IFNγ-producing cells contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists. These findings provide insights into mechanisms by which bispecific agonist therapies targeting costimulatory receptors highly expressed by Tregs potentiate antitumor immunity in mouse models.

Significance:
The bispecific antibody FS120, an immunotherapy currently being tested in the clinic, partially functions by inducing anti-tumor activity of Tregs, which results in tumor rejection.
The 21 August 2021 Catastrophic Flash Flood at Waverly, Tennessee: Harnessing the Warn-on-Forecast System for Confident Prewarning Messaging of Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Burke Patrick C. , Barnwell Joshua , Reagan Matthew , Rose Mark A. , Galarneau Thomas J. , Otto Richard , Orrison Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
On the morning of 21 August 2021, extreme rainfall spurred a flood wave on Trace Creek that ravaged Waverly, Tennessee, causing 19 fatalities. Peak 24-h rainfall of 526 mm was recorded just upstream at McEwen, setting the Tennessee 24-h state rainfall record. A Slight Risk of excessive rainfall and a Flash Flood Watch were issued 16 and 8 h, respectively, before rain began; however, predicting mesobeta scale extreme rainfall remains an elusive skill for models and humans alike. Operational convection-allowing models not only suggested pockets of heavy rain but also displayed 1) peak values generally less than half of those observed, 2) widely ranging solutions, and 3) erroneous similarly heavy rain elsewhere. Future use of storm-scale ensembles which use rapid data assimilation promises to help forecasters anticipate extrema that may only be predictable at shorter time scales. This work will examine compelling forecasts from a retrospective run of the experimental Warn-on-Forecast System (WoFS). The authors, who include National Weather Service forecasters who worked the event, discuss how WoFS and its probabilistic framework could influence services during low-predictability, high-impact flash floods.
Anxiety and Depression Among Adults and Children With Celiac Disease: A Meta‐Analysis of Different Psychiatry Scales
Authors: Moawad Mostafa Hossam‐Eldin , Serag Ibrahim , Shalaby Mahmoud Mohamed , Aissani Mohamed Smail , Sadeq Mohammed Ahmed , Hendi Nada Ibrahim , Elawfi Bashaer , Ghorab Reem Mohamed Farouk , Mostafa Naydeen , Ibrahim Nancy , Abdelrhem Hasnaa Ali Hassan , Rady Ahmed Hassan A. , Alkasaby Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder in which genetically susceptible individuals cannot digest gluten (wheat) and its homologs such as Scalin (rye) and Hordein (barley).AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the measures of associations between CD and psychiatric disorders, specifically anxiety and depression, and explore the relationship between adherence to a Gluten‐Free Diet (GFD) and the psychiatric aspects of the disease.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science for articles investigating anxiety and depression in CD patients. The following inclusion criteria were implemented: Primary research articles (either observational or experimental) that include participants with a CD diagnosis ‐confirmed either serologically, with anti‐endomysial antibodies, anti‐tissue transglutaminase antibodies, or with duodenum biopsy, whether on a GFD or not,—who have depression or anxiety symptoms identified through self‐report or clinician‐administered scales.ResultsCD patients are at a higher odds of developing anxiety, as the odds ratio was (OR: 2.26, 95% CI: [1.10, 4.67]) and depression symptoms (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: [1.36, 8.32]). Results of both State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory Y‐1 and Y‐2 improved after 1 year of GFD with mean difference of 3.48, 95% CI: (0.26, 6.71), and MD: 3.45, 95% CI: (1.39, 5.52), respectively.ConclusionAnxiety and depression are prevalent among adults and children CD patients as they are observed to have high odds of anxiety and depression as expressed by various scales. It is reported that GFD is associated with decreased levels of anxiety and depression, however, further studies are required to confirm these findings and to investigate the main mechanism of psychiatric disorders among CD patients.
Comprehensive analysis of the Xya riparia genome uncovers the dominance of DNA transposons, LTR/Gypsy elements, and their evolutionary dynamics
Authors: Khan Hashim , Yuan Huang , Liu Xuanzeng , Nie Yimeng , Majid Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences that can move or replicate within a genome, and their study has become increasingly important in understanding genome evolution and function. The Tridactylidae family, including Xya riparia (pygmy mole cricket), harbors a variety of transposable elements (TEs) that have been insufficiently investigated. Further research is required to fully understand their diversity and evolutionary characteristics. Hence, we conducted a comprehensive repeatome analysis of X. riparia species using the chromosome-level assembled genome. The study aimed to comprehensively analyze the abundance, distribution, and age of transposable elements (TEs) in the genome. The results indicated that the genome was 1.67 Gb, with 731.63 Mb of repetitive sequences, comprising 27% of Class II (443.25 Mb), 16% of Class I (268.45 Mb), and 1% of unknown TEs (19.92 Mb). The study found that DNA transposons dominate the genome, accounting for approximately 60% of the total repeat size, with retrotransposons and unknown elements accounting for 37% and 3% of the genome, respectively. The members of the Gypsy superfamily were the most abundant amongst retrotransposons, accounting for 63% of them. The transposable superfamilies (LTR/Gypsy, DNA/nMITE, DNA/hAT, and DNA/Helitron) collectively constituted almost 70% of the total repeat size of all six chromosomes. The study further unveiled a significant linear correlation (Pearson correlation: r = 0.99, p-value = 0.00003) between the size of the chromosomes and the repetitive sequences. The average age of DNA transposon and retrotransposon insertions ranges from 25 My (million years) to 5 My. The satellitome analysis discovered 13 satellite DNA families that comprise about 0.15% of the entire genome. In addition, the transcriptional analysis of TEs found that DNA transposons were more transcriptionally active than retrotransposons. Overall, the study suggests that the genome of X. riparia is complex, characterized by a substantial portion of repetitive elements. These findings not only enhance our understanding of TE evolution within the Tridactylidae family but also provide a foundation for future investigations into the genomic intricacies of related species.
Woven coronary artery with acquired etiology: the natural history documented by serial angiography and optical coherence tomography
Authors: Li Jiannan , Wang Xiaoli , Liu Chen , Zhou Peng , Zhao Hanjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWoven coronary artery (WCA) is a rare anomaly and its etiology remains speculative. Both congenital and acquired factors are considered to be concerned with the pathogenesis. In a 35-year-old man, the tissue characteristics of WCA were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. Serial coronary angiography indicated that acquired factor is the cause, and thrombus recanalization is the most likely pathological mechanism.