bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer synthesis of amidine‐based, CO2‐responsive homo and AB diblock (Co)polymers comprised of histamine and their gas‐triggered self‐assembly in water
Authors: Quek Jing Yang , Roth Peter J. , Evans Richard A. , Davis Thomas P. , Lowe Andrew B. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWell‐defined homopolymers of pentafluorophenyl acrylate (PFPA) and AB diblock copolymers of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGA) with PFPA were prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. Three PFPA homopolymers of different molecular weights were reacted with the commercially available amidine and guanidine species histamine (HIS) dihydrochloride and L‐arginine methyl ester (ARG) dihydrochloride in the presence of S‐methyl methanethiosulfonate to yield, quantitatively, the corresponding amidine and guanidine‐based acrylamido homopolymers. Both the HIS and ARG homopolymers are known to reversibly bind CO2 with, in the case of the former, CO2 fixation being accompanied with a switch from a hydrophobic to hydrophilic state. The RAFT synthesis of PFPA‐DMA and PEGA‐PFPA diblock copolymers yielded well‐defined materials with a range of molar compositions. These precursor materials were converted to the corresponding HIS and ARG block copolymers whose structure was confirmed using 1H NMR spectroscopy. Employing a combination of dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the DMA‐HIS and PEGA‐HIS diblock copolymers are able to undergo reversible and cyclable self‐directed assembly in aqueous media using CO2 and N2 as the triggers between fully hydrophilic and amphiphilic (assembled) states. For example, in the case of the 54:46 DMA‐HIS diblock, aggregates with hydrodynamic diameters of about 40.0 nm are readily formed from the molecularly dissolved state. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Propylene polymerization by C1‐symmetric {ONNO′}‐type salan zirconium complexes
Authors: Cohen Ad , Coates Geoffrey W. , Kol Moshe 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe activities of C1‐symmetric dibenzyl zirconium complexes of Salan ligands that bear a halo‐substituted phenolate ring and an alkyl‐substituted phenolate ring in propylene polymerization with methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst were studied. These {ONNO′}ZrBn2‐type catalysts exhibited moderate‐to‐high activities and yielded polypropylene of low molecular weight. The degree of tacticity was found to depend on the steric bulk of the substituents on both phenolate rings and ranged from practically atactic to substantially isotactic (74–78% [mmmm] for polymerizations at room temperature by Lig5ZrBn2). Hemi‐isotactic polypropylene was not obtained, despite the diastereotopicity of the two positions. The pattern of stereo errors was consistent with the enantiomorphic site control of propylene insertion typically observed for C2‐symmetric catalysts and implied a facile site‐averaging mechanism. A regular 1,2‐insertion and a β‐H transfer to an incoming monomer correspond to the main propagation and termination processes, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Do cancer and treatment type affect distress?
Authors: Admiraal J. M. , Reyners A. K. L. , Hoekstra‐Weebers J. E. H. M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveWe examined differences in distress levels and Distress Thermometer (DT) cutoff scores between different cancer types. The effect of socio‐demographic and illness‐related variables on distress was also examined.MethodsOne thousand three hundred fifty patients (response = 51%) completed questions on socio‐demographic and illness‐related variables, the Dutch version of the DT and Problem List, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed to determine cancer specific cutoff scores. Univariate and multivariate effects of socio‐demographic and illness‐related variables (including cancer type) on distress were examined.ResultsProstate cancer patients reported significantly lower DT scores (M = 2.5 ± 2.5) and the cutoff score was lower (≥4) than in patients with most other cancer types (M varied between 3.4 and 5.1; cutoff ≥ 5). Multivariate analyses (F = 10.86, p < .001, R2 = 0.08) showed an independent significant effect of four variables on distress: intensive treatment (β = .10, any (combination of) treatment but surgery only and ‘wait and see’); a non‐prostate cancer type (β = −.17); the interaction between gender and age (β = −.12, highest distress in younger women as compared with older women and younger and older men); and the interaction between cancer type and treatment intensity (β = .08, lowest scores in prostate cancer patients receiving non‐intensive treatment as compared with their counterparts).ConclusionsDistress and cutoff score in prostate cancer patients were lower than in patients with other cancer types. Additionally, younger women and patients receiving treatment other than surgery only or ‘wait and see’ are at risk for higher distress. These results can help identify patients possibly in need of referral to professional psychosocial and/or allied health care.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deriving major accident failure frequencies with a storybuilder analysis of reportable accidents
Authors: Manuel Henk Jan , Kooi Eelke S. , Bellamy Linda J. , Mud Martijn L. , Oh Joy I. H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractQuantitative risk analysis (QRA) is used in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom for site permitting and land‐use planning around industries with dangerous substances. For example, individual risk contours resulting from a QRA determine where houses and other types of constructions may exist or be built. Therefore, both industry and regulators ask for models and data that are up to date. Data used for input include the failure frequency of failure scenarios. In the past, updating frequencies required was undertaken through costly single snapshot investigations. As major hazard accidents are investigated by the Labor Inspectorate by decree, a possibility arises to use this accident investigation data for a progressive updating scheme. Recent major accidents in the United Kingdom and in the Netherlands were analyzed with the Storybuilder method. Underlying failure causes at operational and management levels were investigated and stored in a structured database. The amount of equipment present at plants was explored using various paths. This demonstrated that failure scenarios and frequencies can be updated on a regular basis by combining the accident data with the equipment data. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Process safety management mentoring: Subjects to convey and the methods for conveying
Authors: Young Clyde W. , Hodges Keith J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMany organizations have developed competency descriptions at various levels for personnel. These competencies generally start at awareness level and progress to more advanced levels. Process safety competency at high levels will not be achieved from training sessions alone. Work experience and productive time in the job are critical factors in achieving high‐level competency. In the recent years, organizations have experienced a loss of competent personnel through workforce depletion and have struggled to fill those positions vacated.Young professionals are entering the workforce and while they are bright and energetic, they may lack the experience required to identify and mitigate process hazards effectively. A formalized mentoring program can help a young professional gain confidence and accelerate value to the organization.This article will describe the elements of a formalized mentoring program, the advantages of the program, and the challenges facing those who are mentoring or being mentored.Examples of process safety management activities applicable to the elements of the mentoring program will be presented. The first pillar of risk‐based process safety management is “commitment to process safety.” A formalized mentoring system can insure workforce involvement, compliance with company and regulatory requirements, increase the competency of personnel, and enhance the process safety culture of the entire organization. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
A fire in a secondary pharmaceutical powder transfer operation
Authors: Riedewald Frank 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA fire occurred in a dust filter of a secondary pharmaceutical powder‐transfer operation. No personnel were injured. Damage to property was largely superficial confined to inside contamination of the equipment with powder, soot, and other products of incomplete combustion. The root cause of the incident can be traced back to the selection of an unsuitable filter not capable of handling low‐MIE powders more than 15 years ago. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Preparing for process safety management
Authors: Goddard Sheryl 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHerein, we present the steps a small pharmaceutical research and development company is taking to prepare for process safety management (PSM). Although not regulated by PSM at the present time, the corporate growth plan is such that PSM will be a requirement within the next 2–5 years. When looking at the safety management systems in use by many major companies, safety personnel at small companies can become overwhelmed by the daunting task before them. Preparation is key for a small company that must use available resources efficiently in order to accomplish day to day activities. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Impact of insecticide and fungicide residue contact on plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), mobility and mortality: implications for pest management
Authors: Leskey Tracy C , Wright Starker E , Saguez Julien , Vincent Charles 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn evaluation was made of the effects of seven neurotoxic insecticides (esfenvalerate, indoxacarb, clothianidin, thiacloprid, azinphosmethyl, phosmet and imidacloprid), one insect growth regulator (novaluron) and two fungicides (myclobutanin and mancozeb), with water as the control, on the horizontal mobility of plum curculios exposed to dried pesticide residues. Mobility was recorded over a 2 h period using ethological tracking software. Mortality was recorded immediately after horizontal mobility experiments and 24 h later.RESULTSEsfenvalerate had the greatest impact on mobility. Immediately after exposure to this compound, plum curculios moved significantly greater distances and for a significantly longer period of time compared with all other compounds. After 24 h, esfenvalerate also led to high mortality rates (>86.0%). Exposure to azinphosmethyl and phosmet also led to high rates of mortality, although the impact on mobility was less pronounced. Exposure to indoxacarb, thiacloprid, imidacloprid, novaluron, myclobutanin and mancozeb had no impact on mobility and resulted in little to no mortality. Clothianidin affected mobility after a 2 h exposure period, and high mortality (60%) was recorded after 24 h.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that, in the context of a treated orchard, plum curculios exposed to dried pesticide residues may be capable of foraging before succumbing to toxicant exposure, while exposure to pesticides such as esfenvalerate may rapidly incapacitate adult plum curculios.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Ecotoxicological characterisation of a mycoherbicide mixture isolated from the fungus Ascochyta caulina
Authors: Fumagalli Pietro , Andolfi Anna , Avolio Fabiana , Boari Angela , Cimmino Alessio , Finizio Antonio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have highlighted the possibility of using a mixture of three fungal toxins produced by Ascochyta caulina as a bioherbicide to control noxious weeds. However, to assess the commercial potential of this new bioherbicide, it is necessary to increase knowledge regarding the environmental behaviour of these toxins, and particularly their effects on non‐target organisms. A negative ecotoxicological profile of this potential bioherbicide could eventually hinder its registration.ResultsIn this study, acute and chronic effects of the A. caulina toxins (ACTs) on non‐target organisms were evaluated in the laboratory. The (96 h) calculated algal ErC50 and NOEC were 142.7 and <12.5 mg L−1 respectively. For daphnids, the EC50 (48 h, acute test) was 20.1 mg L−1, whereas the NOEC (21 day chronic reproduction test) was 6.3 µg L−1. No cases of mortality, sublethal effects or abnormalities were observed in the acute and chronic tests for Brachydanio rerio at a concentration of 100 mg L−1, indicating a low toxicity of ACTs for this organism. The calculated LC50 (14 days, acute test) and NOEC (56 day chronic reproduction) for earthworms were >1000 and ≥250 mg kg−1 soil respectively.ConclusionsThe present study has provided baseline information needed to assess the potential hazard of the fungal toxins of A. caulina. In particular, the acute and chronic effects on aquatic (algae, Daphnia and fish) and terrestrial organisms (earthworms) have been highlighted. Finally, a comparison of the inherent toxicity of ACTs with other synthetic herbicides has shown comparative ecotoxicity of the tested mixture. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Target‐site mutation associated with cross‐resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in late watergrass (Echinochloa oryzicola Vasing.)
Authors: Kaloumenos Nikolaos S , Chatzilazaridou Sofia L , Mylona Photini V , Polidoros Alexios N , Eleftherohorinos Ilias G 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies were carried out to elucidate the mechanism of resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides in 29 Echinochloa accessions from water‐seeded rice fields of northern Greece and to discriminate the Echinochloa species.RESULTSTwo E. oryzicola accessions were found to be cross‐resistant to penoxsulam, bispyribac‐sodium, imazamox, foramsulfuron, nicosulfuron and rimsulfuron, whereas all accessions were susceptible (S) to profoxydim. Sequencing of the ALS gene revealed that resistant (R) accessions had a Trp574Leu mutation, which was also confirmed by TspRI endonuclease digestion. Use of cpDNA sequence comparison analysis of Echinochloa species discriminated successfully E. crus‐galli and E. oryzicola accessions.CONCLUSIONThis is the first report of Echinochloa oryzicola cross‐resistance to ALS‐inhibiting herbicides as a result of Trp574Leu mutation. The cpDNA sequence comparison analysis is a reliable tool for discrimination of conventionally classified E. crus‐galli and E. oryzicola accessions. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
HFCVD growth of various carbon nanostructures on SWCNT paper controlled by surface treatment
Authors: Varga M. , Kotlar M. , Vretenar V. , Izak T. , Ledinsky M. , Michalka M. , Skakalova V. , Kromka A. , Vesely M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the nanocomposite material formation, particularly the deposition of nanocrystalline diamond and carbon nanowalls (CNWs) on single‐wall carbon nanotubes buckypaper (BP). One part of the buckypaper substrate was nucleated by nanodiamond powder. The growth was carried out in a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) system. Contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were used for the surface morphology analysis and characterization of carbon phases. Due to a different surface pretreatment, different carbon nanostructures were formed: diamond film was grown on the nucleated BP area; non‐treated area of the BP was covered with a dense field of CNWs. Covering a part of the BP surface prevented an access of the HF‐plasma and so the growth of any carbon structures.
Characterizing the luminescence properties of LiF crystal imaging detectors using femtosecond soft X‐ray monochromatic free electron laser radiation
Authors: Pikuz Tatiana , Faenov Anatoly , Fukuda Yuji , Kando Masaki , Bolton Paul , Mitrofanov Alexander , Vinogradov Alexander , Nagasono Mitsuru , Ohashi Haruhiko , Yabashi Makina , Tono Kensuke , Senba Yashinori , Togashi Tadashi , Ishikawa Tetsuya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe monochromatic soft X‐ray femtosecond pulses of the Free Electron Laser (FEL) with wavelengths of 17.2‐61.5 nm were applied for measurements of optical features of point defects photoluminescence in LiF crystals. It was observed that peak of photoluminescence spectra appears near 530 nm and is associated with emission of F3+ centers. Our results suggest that a shortening of the applied laser pulses down to pico ‐ or femtosecond duration causes redistribution of photolumi‐nescence peak intensity from the red to the green part of the spectra and does not depend on the energy of EUV or X‐ray photons. Dependence of peak intensity of photoluminescence spectra on the fluence of FEL radiation was measured. Even for relatively high fluencies a quenching phenomenon was not observed.
Temperature variation of non‐radiative recombination rate in a‐Si:H films
Authors: Ogihara C. , Morigaki K. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTemperature variation of the recombination rates has been investigated for the electron‐hole pairs responsible for defect PL in a defective a‐Si:H film as grown. The results are compared with those obtained for a high‐quality a‐Si:H film after illumination. The results of the nonradiative recombination rate are fitted by a theoretical prediction for the case of strong electron‐phonon coupling in the case of the defective a‐Si:H film similarly to the case of the illuminated high‐quality a‐Si:H film.Difference between the frequency of the phonon associated with the non‐radiative recombination process in the defective a‐Si:H film and that in the illuminated highquality a‐Si:H film is discussed by considering the influence of the amorphous network in the a‐Si:H films affected by the preparation conditions and the nature of the native and photo‐created defects.
Optical properties of phosphorescent nano‐silicon electrochemically doped with terbium
Authors: Gelloz Bernard , Mentek Romain , Koshida Nobuyoshi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHybrid thin films consisting of oxidized nano‐silicon doped with terbium have been fabricated. Nano‐silicon was formed by electrochemical etching of silicon wafers. Terbium was incorporated into nano‐silicon pores by electrochemical deposition. Different oxidizing thermal treatments were applied to the films. The samples treated by high‐pressure water vapor annealing (HWA) exhibited strong blue emission with a phosphorescent component, as previously reported by our group. The low temperature (260 °C) HWA also led to strong emission from Tb3+ ions, whereas typical high temperature (900 °C) treatment generally used to activate Tb3+ ions in silicon‐based materials led to less luminescent samples. Spectroscopic and dynamic analyses suggest that terbium was incorporated as a separate oxide phase in the pores of the porous nano‐silicon. The PL of the terbium phase and nano‐silicon phase exhibit different temperature and excitation power dependences suggesting little optical or electronic interaction between the two phases. The luminescence of terbium is better activated at low temperature (260 °C) than at high temperature (900 °C). The hybrid material may find some applications in photonics, for instance as a display material. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and optical properties of a naphthalimide dimer
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Ma Wenjing , Sun Jiao , Mei Kuan , Yang Min , Xie Fuli , Zhu Kaijuan , Jiang Wenjuan , Li Yajuan , Kim Hyungjoo , Son Younga 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this contribution, a new naphthalimide dimer with A‐π ‐D‐π ‐A framework was synthesized efficiently and well characterized. Its spectral properties were investigated. Significant features, such as strong solid and liquid fluorescence, usual large Stokes shift were discussed in terms of its electronic structures. In addition, it is soluble in common organic solvent and stable at ambient conditions. Optimized molecular structure shows the twisted molecular conformation, which leads to its narrow solid emission. Frontier orbital calculation indicates effective excited‐state intramolecular charge transfer (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Glass‐forming region and high refractive index of TiO2‐based glasses prepared by containerless processing
Authors: Masuno Atsunobu , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Inoue Hiroyuki , Arai Yasutomo , Yu Jianding , Kaneko Masashi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTiO2‐based high‐refractive‐index glasses without any network former oxides were fabricated by containerless processing in an aerodynamic levitation furnace. The glass‐forming region of a BaO‐LaO3/2‐TiO2 ternary system was determined. Moreover, the glass transition and crystallization temperatures of a (La1−xBax)4Ti9O24 glass system and a LaO3/2‐TiO2‐M Ox ternary system (M = Ga, Y, Gd, Hf, W, Zn Ge, Nb, Ta, Bi, and Ba) were obtained. Finally, the refractive index dispersion of LaO3/2‐TiO2‐M Ox (M = Ga, W, and Gd) was also investigated. The results indicate that these glasses are promising materials for future optical applications in the visible region. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence of excitons and biexcitons in (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 crystals under high excitation density
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuo , Oohata Goro , Mizoguchi Kohji , Ichida Hideki , Kanematsu Yasuo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractOptical properties in (C4H9NH3)2PbBr4 single crystals under high density excitation have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The PL bands associated with the Γ1, Γ2 and Γ5 excitons and the biexcitons have been observed. While the Γ2 exciton and biexciton PL intensities are proportional to the 0.9 and 1.7 power of the excitation density, respectively, the Γ5 exciton PL intensity shows the nonlinear dependence on the excitation density. The excitation‐density dependence of the PL bands is calculated by taking account of the dynamical change of the exciton and biexciton populations in an exciton‐biexciton system consisting of two exciton states and a biexciton state. The calculated results well explain the nonlinear dependence of the Γ5 exciton PL intensity on the excitation density. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cooling of the SPM cantilever by nonlinear mechanical frequency modulation with cavity‐induced radiation force
Authors: Vy Nguyen Duy , Iida Takuya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe perform a systematic analysis of the dynamics of a scanning probe microscope (SPM) cantilever incorporating the mechanical nonlinearity by the cavity‐induced radiation force (CIRF) under the random noise depending on the ambient conditions. It has been clarified that higher vibration modes emerge and modulate the mechanical frequency of the cantilever to greatly suppress its amplitude by increasing CIRF.Particularly, we have revealed that the cooling efficiency of translational motion of cantilever can be controlled by changing the properties of ambient environment. The results and discussion here will give us guiding principles to control the sensitivity of SPM by utilizing CIRF (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)