bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women and men's awareness of obstetric fistula in facilities in Kisii and Nyamira Counties, Kenya
Authors: Omari Jerusa , Wakasiaka Sabina , Khisa Weston , Omoni Grace , Lavender Tina 
Published: February 2015

Background: Obstetric fistula has been defined as an ‘abnormal communication’ between the vagina and the bladder or rectum of a woman which results in continuous leakage of urine and/or faeces. The most common cause of obstetric fistula is obstetric trauma. Obstetric fistula is a highly stigmatising condition; often the women are neglected and or ostracised. Aim: To establish the knowledge and awareness of fistula among men and women living in an area where fistula prevalence is rising. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, women and their partners were recruited purposefully in two counties Kenya: Nyamira and Kisii and interviewed using structured interviews. Data were cleaned and entered into Excel. SPSS was used for descriptive data analysis. Chi2 test was conducted to compare responses according to gender and level of education. Results: Three hundred participants (253 women and 47 men) were interviewed over a 3-month period. Responses from women and men were similar. Few (32%) participants reported having seen a woman with fistula in their community. Just over half (53%) said that they knew what causes fistula, of which 89% said they knew that fistula could be treated. Only 27% said that the health care provider mentioned fistula during health education talks. Participants educated to a level above secondary school were more knowledgeable about fistula. Conclusion: Fistula information is lacking among community members. There is a need to scale up training and community awareness campaigns to help eradicate fistula from Kenya.
A Delphi survey to determine midwifery research priorities among midwives in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Maimbolwa Margaret , Omoni Grace , Mwebaza Enid , Chimwaza Angela , Laisser Rose , Mudokwenyu-Rawdon Christina , Bedwell Carol , Smyth Rebecca , Wakasiaka Sabina , Lavender Tina 
Published: February 2015

Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, midwifery input into the generation of important research questions is limited. The authors aimed to address this issue by enabling midwives to set their own research priorities with the intention of developing a research strategy to conduct studies relevant to clinical practice. Methods: A survey was carried out in six countries (Kenya, Malawi, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Tanzania). The Delphi method was used with six panels of midwives (n=118) to attain a convergence of opinion on midwifery research priorities. Consensus-building was achieved by using a series of questionnaires delivered using multiple iterations to collect data. Data were analysed using ranked means and proportions. Findings: Consensus was reached on 11 research questions which were considered regional priorities. These covered three key areas: midwifery training, clinical care and organisational issues. Conclusions: Midwives prioritised areas of research that had direct applicability to their own practice. All questions were at the applied end of the research spectrum. Priorities tended to cover broad areas within reproductive health, as opposed to being disease-focused. This is likely to reflect the desire to provide quality care that embraces the social aspects of health. Some of these research priorities are being taken forward by midwives in the group.
Noncompetitive Immunoassay Detection System for Haptens on the Basis of Antimetatype Antibodies
Authors: Omi Kazuya , Ando Tsuyoshi , Sakyu Takuya , Shirakawa Takashi , Uchida Yoshiaki , Oka Asako , Ise Nobuyuki , Aoyagi Katsumi , Goishi Katsutoshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Small molecules classified as haptens are generally measured by competitive immunoassay, which is theoretically inferior to noncompetitive sandwich immunoassay in terms of sensitivity and specificity. We created a method for developing sandwich immunoassays to measure haptens on the basis of antimetatype antibodies.

METHODS
We generated antimetatype monoclonal antibodies against a hapten–antibody immunocomplex using an ex vivo antibody development system, the Autonomously Diversifying Library (ADLib) system. We selected 2 haptens, estradiol (E2) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], as analytes. Sandwich immunoassays for these 2 haptens were developed by use of a 96-well microtiter plate and a fully automated chemiluminescence analyzer, and the performances of these immunoassays were investigated.

RESULTS
The developed assays exhibited sensitivity high enough to detect target haptens in serum samples. The limit of detection of the ELISA for E2 was 3.13 pg/mL, and that of the fully automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) system was 2.1 ng/mL for 25(OH)D. The cross-reactivity with immunoreactive derivatives was effectively improved compared with the competitive assay. The CVs for the sandwich ELISA for E2 were 4.2%–12.6% (intraassay) and 6.2%–21.8% (total imprecision). The CVs for the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D were 1.0%–2.3% (intraassay) and 1.9%–3.5% (total imprecision). In particular, the sandwich CLEIA for 25(OH)D showed correlations of r = 0.99 with both LC-MS/MS and a commercially available 125I RIA.

CONCLUSIONS
Our method represents a potentially simple and practical approach for routine assays of haptens, including vitamins, hormones, drugs, and toxins.
Online-consultation “scientific publication system”: documentation and main results
Authors: Taubert Niels , Schön Kevin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This short report provides a description of an online-consultation on the scientific publication system. German-speaking scientists from all disciplines were invited to articulate their perspectives on principles and current problems in scientific publishing in the dialogical procedure. 697 participants addressed their opinion in two areas of consultation (a) Consultation area “evaluate principles”: the goal in this section was to find out whether there is a general consensus throughout academia of what constitutes a good publication system. For this purpose, principles of a good scientific publication system could be commented on and evaluated with positive or negative votes. (b) Consultation area “name problems”: this section aimed at obtaining the perspective of the participants on current challenges and problems of the publication system. The contributions of the participants focus on eight topics: (1) printed vs. digital publication, (2) business models of large publishing houses, (3) open access, (4) publication-based performance indicators, (5) authorship, (6) peer review, (7) publication bias, and (8) research data.
Bandwidth and gain enhancement of RMPA using â€˜câ€™ shaped metamaterial at THz
Authors: Dawar Parul , De Asok 
Published: February 2015

This paper elucidates antenna parameter optimization using C shaped metamaterial embedded in antenna substrate at high frequency (THz). Ansoft HFSS version 13 has been used to design and analyse the RMPA (Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna ) with design frequency 2.75 THz and operating range of 2.15 THzÂ to 3.35 THz having FR4 (Îµr = 4.4) as substrate material . Nicolson Ross Wier (NRW) method has been used to retrieve the material parameters from transmission and reflection coefficient. . Results were compared with MATLAB programming based on CAD formulas using equivalent circuit analysis of patch antenna. Finally, antenna parameters such as gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern are investigated and presented in tables and response-graphs. The unique shape proposed in this paper, gives remarkable enhancement in bandwidth and antenna gain.
The use of Titan yellow dye as a metal ion binding marker for studies on the formation of specific complexes by supramolecular Congo red
Authors: Chłopaś Katarzyna , Jagusiak Anna , Konieczny Leszek , Piekarska Barbara , Roterman Irena , Rybarska Janina , Stopa Barbara , Zemanek Grzegorz , Bielańska Elżbieta , Piwowar Piotr , Sadlik Krystyna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Congo red (CR) and other self-assembling compounds creating supramolecular structures of rod- or ribbon-like architecture form specific complexes with cellulose and also with many proteins, including antibodies bound to the antigen and amyloids in particular. The mechanism of complexation and structure of these complexes are still poorly recognized despite the importance of the problem for medicine. This work proposes the progress in electron microscopy studies of amyloid-dye complexes by labeling supramolecular ligand CR with silver ions as a marker. Silver ions are introduced to CR carried by the strongly binding silver dye Titan yellow, which in addition form comicellar structures with CR. Silver carried by self-assembled dye molecules forms in the resulting metal nanoparticles, making the specific amyloid ligand CR perceptible in EM studies.
Effects of Fatherhood on Male Wage and Labor Supply in Japan
Authors: Yukawa Shiho 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (JPSC) for the period 1994–2007, I examine the effect of childbirth on fathers’ wage rates and labor supply in Japan. I also compare the effects of fatherhood between different cohorts by dividing the JPSC sample into two birth-year cohorts (those born in or before 1960 and those born after 1960). The results show that the birth of children significantly increases hourly wage rates by 2.3% and annual work by 69 hours. Comparing these results to those of studies based in the United States and Germany shows that while the effect of childbirth on the Japanese male labor supply is large, it is relatively small on wage rates. The study also shows that childbirth has different impacts on labor market outcomes for the two cohorts. In the early cohort, the birth of children significantly increases wage rates, but has no significant effect on the labor supply. On the contrary, for the later cohort, the birth of children does not increase wage rates and there is a significant increase in the labor supply. Finally, I examine how the gender difference of children impacts labor market outcomes. Although its impact is not so large, the birth of sons has a larger effect than the birth of daughters.
Life Insurance and Suicide: Asymmetric Information Revisited
Authors: Choi Yun Jeong , Chen Joe , Sawada Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the nexus between life insurance and suicide behavior by applying semiparametric instrumental variable regressions to OECD cross-country data from 1980 to 2002. The novelty of our analysis lies in the use of cross-country variations in the lengths of the suicide exemption period in policies and foreign market shares in life insurance industries as identifying instruments for life insurance demand. We find that, for the majority of observations, there exists a positive causality from life insurance demand to suicide. This result suggests the existence of adverse selection and moral hazards in life insurance markets in OECD countries.
Application of a point of care creatinine device for trend monitoring in kidney transplant patients: fit for purpose?
Authors: van Lint Céline L. , van der Boog Paul J.M. , Romijn Fred P.H.T.M. , Schenk Paul W. , van Dijk Sandra , Rövekamp Ton J.M. , Kessler Anja , Siekmann Lothar , Rabelink Ton J. , Cobbaert Christa M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe StatSensorAccuracy of the StatSensorThe StatSensorCapillary blood testing with the StatSensor
Mono- and double carbonylation of iodobenzene in the presence of reusable supported palladium catalysts
Authors: Papp Máté , Urbán Béla , Drotár Eszter , Skoda-Földes Rita 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVarious silica-supported palladium catalysts were prepared and tested in the carbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of aliphatic amines and aniline. In the former reaction, the main products are the α-ketoamides, whereas monocarbonylation is favoured with aniline. Small modification of the support, of the palladium precursor, or of the conditions of immobilisation were found to affect considerably the outcome of the reactions and recyclability of the catalysts. Under optimum conditions, the phosphine-free palladium catalysts can be reused six to ten times without considerable loss of activity. By the proper selection of the solvent, the leaching of palladium into the reaction mixtures can be reduced considerably.
Carboxylation of hydroxyarens with metal alkyl carbonates
Authors: Suerbaev Khakim A. , Aldabergenov Mayliby K. , Kudaibergenov Nurbolat Zh. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of using alkali metal salts of ethylcarbonic acid as a carboxylating reagent in phenol (naphthols) carboxylation and developing a new and simple method for the synthesis of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxynaphthoic acids having broad practical application. It was found that sodium ethyl carbonate and potassium ethyl carbonate can be successfully used as carboxylating agents in carboxylation of phenol and naphthols. For the first time, the effects of the gaseous medium (air, carbon dioxide, argon), pressure, temperature and reaction time on the proceedings of the carboxylation reactions were examined. Simple and convenient procedures for the syntheses of o- and p-hydroxybenzoic, p-aminosalicylic, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 1-hydroxy-4-naphthoic and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acids were developed. New efficient technologies for preparation of drugs salicylic acid (antiseptic activity), p-aminosalicylic acid (antituberculous activity) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (bactericide activity) based on carboxylation reactions of phenol and m-aminophenol with sodium and potassium salts of ethyl carbonic acid were worked out.
Inversions of the windowed ray transform
Authors: Moon Sunghwan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The windowed ray transform is the generalization of the “Analytic-Signal Transform” which was developed to extend arbitrary functions from

ℝ
n

${\mathbb{R}^{n}}$

to

ℂ
n

${\mathbb{C}^{n}}$

in a natural way.
The X-ray transform is also a special case of this transform.
Similar to the X-ray transform, the problem of inverting this transform is overdetermined. Hence it is possible to prove the existence of several inversion formulas.
Kaiser obtained one such inversion formula in 1993. We present several inversion formulas here. One of them is similar to that of Kaiser, but it requires a weaker condition. The others are new.
Arrays of Rotating Permanent Magnet Dipoles for Stirring and Pumping of Liquid Metals
Authors: Bojarevičs Andris , Beinerts Toms , Sarma Mārtiņš , Gelfgat Yurii 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMultiple configurations of synchronously rotating permanent magnet cylinders magnetized across the axes are proposed for liquid metal stirring for homogenization as well as for pumping. Universal analytical model is used for an initial parameter analysis. Then experimental setups were built to perform physical modelling of the industrial applications, e.g. large-scale metallurgical furnaces. Velocity distribution in the liquid metal was measured using different methods: the Ultrasound Doppler anemometry and the potential difference probes. The study shows that the cylindrical permanent magnet setups can achieve up to 10 times higher energy efficiency compared to AC inductors and have potential of wide-range industrial application, e.g. can be used as stirrers for secondary aluminium furnaces with up to 50 cm thick walls.
The Submillimeter-wave Spectrum of the Formaldehyde Isotopomer H2C18O in its Ground Vibrational State
Authors: Müller Holger S. P. , Gendriesch Ralf , Lewen Frank , Winnewisser Gisbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The ground state rotational spectrum of H2C18O has been studied between 485 and 835 GHz with a sample of natural isotopic composition. Additional lines have been recorded around 130 GHz and near 1.85 THz, using a recently developed far-infrared laser-sideband spectrometer. The accurate new line frequencies were fit together with previously published data to obtain greatly improved spectroscopic constants. Both Watson's S and A reduced Hamiltonians have been employed yielding the rotational constants AA = 281 961.215 (82), BA = 36 902.275 51 (36), CA = 32 513.405 89 (36), AA = 281 961.371 (82), BA = 36 904.173 32 (91), and CA = 32 511.524 65 (86) MHz, respectively.
Hyperfine Interactions at Lanthanide Sites in Europium Doped Oxide Glasses
Authors: Concas G. , Congiu F. , Spano G. , Speghini A. , Gatterer K. , Bartl M. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A series of europium doped Na2O-B2O3-SiO2, PbO-GeO2 and ZnOTeO2 glasses was investi-gated by means of151 Mössbauer spectroscopy. The distortion of the Eu sites has been evaluated in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 glasses by means of the quadrupolar interaction parameter and the asym-metry parameter; the disorder has been estimated by the line width. The occupancy of the sites in the borosilicate glasses is discussed. The correlation of the isomer shift with the optical basicity of the glass is discussed in terms of the degree of covalence of the Eu-O bond.
Structure of Clusters in Methanol-Water Binary Solutions Studied by Mass Spectrometry and X-ray Diffraction
Authors: Takamuku Toshiyuki , Yamaguchia Toshio , Asato Masaki , Matsumoto Masaki , Nishi Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of clusters in methanol-water solutions in its dependence on the methanol mole fraction xM has been investigated by mass spectrometry on clusters isolated from submicron droplets by adiabatic expansion in vacuum and by X-ray diffraction on the bulk binary solutions. The mass spectra have shown that the average hydration number, (nm), of m-mer methanol clusters decreases with increasing xM , accompanied by two inflection points at xM = ~0.3 and ~0.7. The X-ray diffraction data have revealed a similar change in the number of hydrogen bonds per water and/or methanol oxygen atom at ~2.8 Å. On the basis of both results, most likely models of clusters formed in the binary solutions are proposed: at 0 < xM < 0.3 the tetrahedral-like water cluster is the main species, at 0.3 < xM < 0.7 chain clusters of methanol molecules gradually evolve with increasing methanol content, and finally, at xM > 7 chain clusters of methanol become predominant. The present results are compared with clusters previously found in ethanol-water binary solutions and discussed in relation to anomalies of the heat of mixing of methanol-water binary solutions.
Structure and Phase Transition in (C2H5NH3)3Sb2Cl9 · (C2H5NH3)SbCl4 ; X-ray, DSC and Dielectric Studies
Authors: Bujak Maciej , Zaleski Jacek 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure of (C2H5NH3)3Sb2Cl9 • (C2H5NH3)SbCl4 at 295 K has been determined. The crystals are orthorhombic, space group Pna21 (a -16.925(3), b = 24.703(5), c = 7.956(2) Å, V = 3326.4(12) Å3 , Z = 4, dc= 2.018, dm= 2.01(1) Mg m-3). They consist of an anionic sublattice composed of two different polymeric zig-zag chains. One is built of Sb2Cl9
3- units (corner sharing octahedra) and the other one is made of corner sharing SbCl5
2-square pyramids. In the cavites between the polyanionic chains four non-equivalent ethylammonium cations are located. Three of them are disordered. The cations are connected to the anions by weak N-H...Cl hydrogen bonds. A first order phase transition of the order-disorder type was found at 274 K. It was studied by DSC, dielectric and X-ray diffraction methods. The mechanism of the phase transition is attributed to the ordering of at least one of the ethylammonium cations
Thermochromic Shifts of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra and Excited State Dipole Moment of PRODAN
Authors: Kawski A. , Kukliński B. , Bojarski P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using the thermochromic shift method of absorption and fluorescence spectra, the dipole moments in the ground, µg, and excited. µe , state are simultaneously determined for PRODAN in ethyl acetate. The obtained values for µg and µe are compared with those previously determined by the solvatochromic method for two different Onsager radii, and a satisfactory agreement has been obtained
Correlation between the 35CI NQR Parameters of Chloro-containing Organic and Organometallic Compounds and the Results of ab initio Calculations
Authors: Feshin Valentin P. , Feshina Elena V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The results of comparison of experimental 35C1 NQR parameters for a great number of organic and organometallic compounds and estimated ones using ab initio calculations at the RHF/6-31G(d) level were systematized. The NQR frequency changes on going from one compound to another depend, in general, on the changes of populations of the CI atom po-orbitals in these compounds and, first of all, of populations of their less diffuse parts
Ionic Interactions in Lanthanide Halides
Authors: Akdeniz Z. , Çiçek Z. , Tosia M. P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We determine a model of the ionic interactions in RX3 compounds (where R is a metal in the rare-earth series from La to Lu and X = CI, Br or I) by an analysis of data on the static and dynamic structure of their molecular monomers. The potential energy function that we adopt is patterned after earlier work on Aluminium trichloride [Z. Akdeniz and M. P. Tosi, Z. Naturforsch. 54a, 180 (1999)], but includes as an essential element the electric polarizability of the trivalent metal ion to account for a pyramidal shape of RX3 molecules. From data referring mostly to trihalides of elements at the ends and in the middle of the rare-earth series (/. e. LaX3, GdX3 and LuX3), we propose systematic variations for the effective valence, ionic radius and electric polarizability of the metal ions across the series. As a first application of our results we predict the structure of the Dy2Cl6 and Dy2Br6 molecular dimers and demonstrate by comparison with electron diffraction data that lanthanide-ion polarizability plays a quantitative role also in this state of tetrahedral-like coordination.
EPR Studies of Cu2+ Doped Zinc Saccharin, [Zn(sac)2·(H20)4 ]·2H20 Single Crystals
Authors: Kartal İ. , Karabulut B. , Köksal F. , İçbudak H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The EPR spectra of Cu2+ in zinc saccharin crystalline powder and single crystals have been recorded at room temperature. The angular variation of the spectra indicates the substitution of the host Zn2+ with Cu2+. Two magnetically inequivalent sites for Cu2+ have been observed. The spectra were fitted with a rhombic spin-Hamiltonian, and the ground state wave function of the complex has been constructed.
Ferroelectricity and Phase Transitions in Pyridinium Periodate Single Crystal
Authors: Czapla Z. , Dacko S. , Kosturek B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Single crystals of pyridinium periodate were grown, and their physical properties were studied. Anomalies of the electric permittivity and birefringence were observed at TC1 = 321 K and TC2 = 211 K. These observations gave evidences for the existence of three phases denoted as I, II, and III. Hysteresis loops were observed both in phase II and III. Pyroelectric measurements showed two anomalies at TC1 and TC2 . The anomaly at TC1 is related to the transition between a para-and ferroelectric phase, and the anomaly at T cl to the transition between two ferroelectric phases.
Phase Diagram, Caesium-133 NMR Spectra and Electrical Conductivity of the Binary System Caesium and Zinc Butyrates
Authors: Mirnaya T. A. , Trachevski V. V. , Dradrakh V. S. , Bylina D. V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Phase equilibria of non-mesogenic caesium- and zinc-butyrate mixtures were studied by differential thermal analysis and hot stage polarization microscopy. Smectic liquid crystals were found in some composition range. Their appearance is explained by the latent mesomorphism of caesium butyrate. |133Cs NMR spectra and the specific electrical conductivity of the molten mixtures at 155°C were employed to investigate the peculiarities of ionic association and interaction in the melts.