bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of dopamine transporter gene variants with childhood ADHD features in bipolar disorder
Authors: Greenwood Tiffany A. , Joo Eun‐Jeong , Shekhtman Tatyana , Sadovnick A. Dessa , Remick Ronald A. , Keck Paul E. , McElroy Susan L. , Kelsoe John R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit remarkably high rates of comorbidity, as well as patterns of familial co‐segregation. Epidemiological data suggests that these disorders either share a common genetic architecture or that ADHD features in BD may represent an etiologically distinct subtype. We previously used the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) to assess ADHD features in BD families and identified three heritable factors relating to impulsivity, mood instability, and inattention. Linkage analysis revealed a LOD score of 1.33 for the inattention factor on 5p15.3 near the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1), which has been associated with both BD and ADHD. Pharmacological evidence also suggests a role for DAT in both disorders. We have now evaluated the association of tenDAT1variants for the WURS total score and factors in an overlapping sample of 87 BD families. Significant associations for three SNPs were observed across the WURS measures, notably for a SNP in intron 8 with the WURS total score (P = 0.007) and for variants in introns 9 and 13 with mood instability (P = 0.009 and 0.004, respectively). Analysis of an independent sample of 52 BD cases and 46 healthy controls further supported association of the intron 8 variant with mood instability (P = 0.005), and a combined analysis confirmed the associations of this SNP with WURS total score. Impulsivity and mood instability (P = 0.002, 0.007, and 8 × 10−4, respectively). These data suggest that variants withinDAT1may predispose to a subtype of BD characterized by early prodromal features that include attentional deficits. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strobes: Pyrotechnic Compositions That Show a Curious Oscillatory Combustion
Authors: Corbel Justine M. L. , van Lingen Joost N. J. , Zevenbergen John F. , Gijzeman Onno L. J. , Meijerink Andries 
Published: December 2012

AbstractStrobes are pyrotechnic compositions which show an oscillatory combustion; a dark phase and a flash phase alternate periodically. The strobe effect has applications in various fields, most notably in the fireworks industry and in the military area. All strobe compositions mentioned in the literature were discovered by trial and error methods and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Many oscillatory systems such as Belousov–Zhabotinsky reactions, cool flames, self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis have been observed and theories developed to elucidate their unstable behavior based on chemical interactions or based on physical processes. These systems are compared to experimental observations made on strobe mixtures.
New perspectives on the evolution of exaggerated traits
Authors: Shingleton Alexander W. , Frankino W. Anthony 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe scaling of body parts is central to the evolution of morphology and shape. Most traits scale proportionally with each other and body size such that larger adults are essentially magnified versions of smaller ones. This pattern is so ubiquitous that departures from it – disproportionate scaling between trait and body size – pique interest because it can generate dramatically exaggerated traits. These extreme morphologies are frequently hypothesized to result from sexual selection and their study has a long history, with several hypotheses seeking to explain their evolution. Despite this effort, surprisingly little progress has been made in demonstrating the forms of selection that produce different scaling patterns or in identifying the mechanisms that underlie the expression and evolution of scaling relationships. Here we review recent insights regarding the proximate mechanisms that regulate and integrate trait growth and that offer a new framework for studying the evolution of morphological scaling.
Composition of n‐Alkanes in Natural Populations of Pinus nigra from Serbia – Chemotaxonomic Implications
Authors: Bojović Srdjan , Šarac Zorica , Nikolić Biljana , Tešević Vele , Todosijević Marina , Veljić Milan , Marin Petar D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis is the first report on the composition and variability of the needle‐wax n‐alkanes in natural populations of Pinus nigra in Serbia. Samples of 195 trees from seven populations belonging to several infraspecific taxa (ssp. nigra, var. gocensis, ssp. pallasiana, and var. banatica) were analyzed. In general, the size of the n‐alkanes ranged from C16 to C33, with the exception of ssp. nigra, for which it ranged from C18 to C33. The most abundant were C23‐, C25‐, C27‐, and C29‐alkanes. The needle waxes of Populations I–III and V were characterized by a higher content of C23‐, C25‐, and C27‐alkanes and a lower content of C24‐, C26‐, C28‐, and C30‐alkanes, compared to the other populations, and the trees of these populations could be assigned to ssp. nigra. The samples of Population VI were characterized by higher amounts of C22‐, C24‐, C30‐, and C32‐alkanes and lower amounts of C25‐ and C27‐alkanes, and the trees could be considered as ssp. pallasiana. The samples of Population VII, consisting of trees belonging to var. banatica, were richer in C29‐, C31‐, and C33‐alkanes. The wax compositions of Populations IV and V, both composed of trees previously determined as P. nigra var. gocensis, showed a tendency of splitting. Indeed, the alkane composition of Population IV was closer to that of ssp. pallasiana pines, while that of Population V was more similar to that of ssp. nigra pines. From the results presented here, it is obvious that in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula, significant diversification and differentiation of the populations of black pine exists, and these populations could be defined as different intraspecific taxa. Our results also indicate the validity of n‐alkanes as chemotaxonomic characters within this aggregate.
Correlations between Genetic, Morphological, and Chemical Diversities in a Germplasm Collection of the Medicinal Plant Origanum vulgare L.
Authors: Azizi Ali , Hadian Javad , Gholami Mansour , Friedt Wolfgang , Honermeier Bernd 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn total, 42 accessions of Origanum vulgare L., mostly originating from Europe, were evaluated, to detect molecular, quantitative morphological, and chemotype polymorphisms and to discover possible correlations between them. Twelve traits related to morphological characteristics were measured. The components in the essential oils were identified by GC/MS analysis, and the oil contents of 18 major compounds were determined. A total of 477 molecular polymorphisms including 214 AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and 263 SAMPL (selectively amplified microsatellite polymorphic loci) were used for genotyping. Euclidean distances of morphological and chemotypic data and genetic distances (1 – Dice's similarity) of molecular markers were compared by applying Mantel tests to ascertain the congruencies between them. A relatively high correlation between chemotypic patterns and genetic markers was identified, while a lower correlation was found between the morphological and genetic matrices. Pairwise analyses of correlation among all traits showed that the stem diameter was correlated to the essential‐oil yield and the carvacrol content. Cluster analysis, population inference, and principal component analysis revealed a broad genetic and chemical variation among the accessions. The knowledge of these diversities, found in this study, will allow a plant improvement of Origanum vulgare related to pharmaceutical and spice uses.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Aminohalogenation of Fluorinated N′‐Aryl‐N‐Propargyl Amidines for the Synthesis of Imidazole Derivatives under Mild Conditions
Authors: Li Shan , Li Zhengke , Yuan Yafen , Li Yajun , Zhang Lisi , Wu Yongming 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA procedure for the synthesis of fluorinated imidazole derivatives from propargyl amidines has been developed. Under gold(I) catalysis, propargyl amidines were converted into 5‐fluoromethyl imidazoles in the presence of Selectfluor through a cascade cyclization/fluorination process. In contrast, imidazole‐5‐carbaldehydes were obtained in high yields when N‐iodosuccinimide (NIS) was used as the halogenating reagent. The polarity of the solvent and light had significant impact on the formation of the carbaldehydes. These transformations showed excellent functional‐group tolerance. An unfluorinated substrate with an electron‐withdrawing group also underwent aminohalogenation to give the corresponding product in good yield. Mechanistic investigation revealed the general pathways of these transformations.
Dual Gold Catalysis: σ,π‐Propyne Acetylide and Hydroxyl‐Bridged Digold Complexes as Easy‐To‐Prepare and Easy‐To‐Handle Precatalysts
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Lauterbach Tobias , Nösel Pascal , Vilhelmsen Mie Højer , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of dinuclear gold σ,π‐propyne acetylide complexes were prepared and tested for their catalytic ability in dual gold catalysis that was based on the reaction of an electrophilic π‐complex of gold with a gold acetylide. The air‐stable and storable catalysts can be isolated as silver‐free catalysts in their activated form. These dual catalysts allow a fast initiation phase for the dual catalytic cycles without the need for additional additives for acetylide formation. Because propyne serves as a throw‐away ligand, no traces of the precatalyst are generated. Based on the fast initiation process, side products are minimized and reaction rates are higher for these catalysts. A series of test reactions were used to demonstrate the general applicability of these catalysts. Lower catalyst loadings, faster reaction rates, and better selectivity, combined with the practicability of these catalysts, make them ideal catalysts for dual gold catalysis.
Counterion Dynamics in an Interpenetrated Coordination Cage Capable of Dissolving AgCl
Authors: Freye Sabrina , Engelhard David M. , John Michael , Clever Guido H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn solution, the eight BF4− counterions of a positively charged D4‐symmetric interpenetrated [Pd4ligand8]8+ double cage (1) are localized in distinct positions. At low temperatures, one BF4− ion is encapsulated inside the central pocket of the supramolecular structure, two BF4− ions are bound inside the equivalent outer pockets, and the remaining five BF4− ions are located outside the cage structure (expressed by the formula [3 BF4@1][BF4]5). On warming, the two BF4− ions in the outer pockets are found to exchange with the exterior ions in solution whereas the central BF4− ion stays locked inside the central cavity (here written as [BF4@1][BF4]7). The exchange kinetics were determined by exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) NMR experiments and line‐shape fitting in different solvents. The tremendously high affinity of this double cage for the binding of two chloride ions inside the outer pockets allows for complete exchange of two BF4− ions by the addition of solid AgCl to give [2 Cl+BF4@1][BF4]5. The uptake of the two chloride ions is allosteric and is thus accompanied by a structural rearrangement (compression along the Pd4 axis) of the double cage structure. An analysis by using 900 MHz NOESY NMR spectroscopy shows that this compression of about 3.3 % is associated with a helical twist of 8°, which together resemble a screw motion. As a consequence of squeezing each of the outer two pockets by 53 %, the volume of the central pocket is increased by 43 %, which results in an increase of 36 % in the 19F spin‐lattice relaxation time (T1) of the central BF4− ion. The packing coefficients (PC) for the ions in the outer pockets (103 % for BF4− and 96 % for Cl−) were calculated.
Structural and Stereochemical Studies of Hydroxyanthraquinone Derivatives from the Endophytic Fungus Coniothyrium sp
Authors: Sun Peng , Huo Juan , Kurtán Tibor , Mándi Attila , Antus Sándor , Tang Hua , Draeger Siegfried , Schulz Barbara , Hussain Hidayat , Krohn Karsten , Pan Weihua , Yi Yanghua , Zhang Wen 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTFour known hydroxyanthraquinones (1–4) together with four new derivatives having a tetralone moiety, namely coniothyrinones A–D (5–8), were isolated from the culture of Coniothyrium sp., an endophytic fungus isolated from Salsola oppostifolia from Gomera in the Canary Islands. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. The absolute configurations of coniothyrinones A (5), B (6), and D (8) were determined by TDDFT calculations of CD spectra, allowing the determination of the absolute configuration of coniothyrinone C (7) as well. Coniothyrinones A (5), B (6), and D (8) could be used as ECD reference compounds in the determination of absolute configuration for related tetralone derivatives. This is the first report of anthraquinones and derivatives from an isolate of the genus Coniothyrium sp. These compounds showed inhibitory effects against the fungus Microbotryum violaceum, the alga Chlorella fusca, and the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus megaterium. Chirality 25:141–148, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Electrical Properties of Highly Resistive Dusts
Authors: Riebel Ulrich , Aleksin Yury , Vora Alpesh 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHochohmige Stäube zeigen ein ausgeprägtes nicht‐ohmsches Verhalten. Die als spezifischer elektrischer Widerstand bekannte Messgröße ist stark abhängig von der Schichtdicke und der Polarität der Hochspannung. Der Stromstransport findet durch Überschussladungen beider Polaritäten statt, die zu hohen Raumladungsdichten führen und starke elektrostatische Felder induzieren. Die beobachteten Effekte können als Elektret‐Effekte interpretiert werden. Zur Untersuchung des elektrischen Verhaltens wurden hochohmige Staubschichten innerhalb einer Spitze‐Platte‐Anordnung einem elektrischen Feld mit überlagerter Korona‐Entladung ausgesetzt.
Fluid Flow and Cell Proliferation of Mesenchymal Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells in Small‐Scale, Stirred, Single‐Use Bioreactors
Authors: Kaiser Stephan , Jossen Valentin , Schirmaier Carmen , Eibl Dieter , Brill Silke , van den Bos Christian , Eibl Regine 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe fluid flow and suspension characteristics inside small‐scale, stirred, single‐use bioreactors were investigated experimentally and by means of computational fluid dynamics. The required impeller speeds for homogenous suspension were determined for two microcarrier types. The shear stress level and turbulence distribution were predicted using a numerical model, which was verified by particle image velocimetry measurements. In subsequent cultivations of primary mesencymal adipose‐derived stem cells, up to 31.4‐fold expansion in cell number was achieved for serum concentrations as low as 5 %.
The cellular and synaptic location of activated TrkB in mouse hippocampus during limbic epileptogenesis
Authors: Helgager Jeffrey , Liu Gumei , McNamara James O. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of limbic epileptogenesis in cellular and molecular terms may provide novel therapeutic targets for its prevention. The neurotrophin receptor tropomyosin‐related kinase B (TrkB) is thought to be critical for limbic epileptogenesis. Enhanced activation of TrkB, revealed by immunodetection of enhanced phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB), a surrogate measure of its activation, has been identified within the hippocampus in multiple animal models. Knowledge of the cellular locale of activated TrkB is necessary to elucidate its functional consequences. Using an antibody selective to pTrkB in conjunction with confocal microscopy and cellular markers, we determined the cellular and subcellular locale of enhanced pTrkB induced by status epilepticus (SE) evoked by infusion of kainic acid into the amygdala of adult mice. SE induced enhanced pTrkB immunoreactivity in two distinct populations of principal neurons within the hippocampus—the dentate granule cells and CA1 pyramidal cells. Enhanced immunoreactivity within granule cells was found within mossy fiber axons and giant synaptic boutons. By contrast, enhanced immunoreactivity was found within apical dendritic shafts and spines of CA1 pyramidal cells. A common feature of this enhanced pTrkB at these cellular locales is its localization to excitatory synapses between excitatory neurons, presynaptically in the granule cells and postsynaptically in CA1 pyramidal cells. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) is one cellular consequence of TrkB activation at these excitatory synapses that may promote epileptogenesis. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:499–521, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal Structures and Spin Crossover in the Polymeric Material [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) Including Coherent‐Domain Size Reduction Effects
Authors: Grosjean Arnaud , Négrier Philippe , Bordet Pierre , Etrillard Céline , Mondieig Denise , Pechev Stanislav , Lebraud Eric , Létard Jean‐François , Guionneau Philippe 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe high‐spin and low‐spin crystal structures of [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) (Htrz = 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole, trz– = deprotonated triazolato ligand) were determined and refined on the basis of X‐ray diffraction data obtained from a high‐quality crystalline powder. Noteworthy differences to the previously reported structural hypothesis are obtained, which includes a revision of the space group to orthorhombic Pnma. Notably, the distinction between the positions of the Htrz and the trz– ligand along the chains reveals their respective roles in the formation of direct interchain interactions. The latter are also mediated by the anions. In addition, the pair‐distribution‐function (PDF) method was applied to investigate the potential modification of the crystal structure by a reduction of the coherent‐domain size from 50 nm to 10 nm. First, the PDF investigation confirms the validity of the crystal structures presented here. Furthermore, in a first approach, it reveals that the crystal structure description remains suitable for the whole range of coherent‐domain sizes investigated.
Total Synthesis and Structure Confirmation of Cryptocaryol A
Authors: Reddy D. Srinivas , Mohapatra Debendra K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe first enantioselective total synthesis of Pdcd4‐stabilizing cryptocaryol A, a secondary metabolite obtained from a tropical tree, has been achieved through an iterative approach to the 1,3‐polyol motif. The key steps are a Maruoka allylation, a Reetz chelation‐controlled allylation with 1,3‐induction, iterative diastereoselective iodocyclization, and ring‐closing metathesis reactions.
Bifunctional Chiral Quaternary Ammonium Salt Catalysts: A Rapidly Emerging Class of Powerful Asymmetric Catalysts
Authors: Novacek Johanna , Waser Mario 
Published: December 2012

AbstractChiral quaternary ammonium salt catalysts have emerged as one of the outstanding catalytic principles over the last decades. Their ability to activate nucleophiles in a noncovalent fashion makes them unique. However, over the last years it has become obvious that in a variety of difficult transformations activation and control of nucleophiles alone does not result in sufficient selectivities, and the same holds true for the sole control of electrophiles by other catalytic motifs. Thus, the use of bifunctional ammonium salt catalysts has become one of the most promising strategies to carry out demanding reactions in a highly stereoselective fashion under mild reaction conditions, and many of these transformations are not possible by using other methods. This review will highlight some of the most impressive recent examples in this field and compare the performances of these catalysts with those of other commonly employed ones.
Intermolecular Alkene Aziridination: An Original and Efficient CuI···CuI Dinuclear Catalyst Deriving from a Phospha‐Amidinate Ligand
Authors: Nebra Noel , Lescot Camille , Dauban Philippe , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Martin‐Vaca Blanca , Bourissou Didier 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMononuclear and dinuclear CuI complexes 1 and 2 derived from the phospha‐amidinate ligands [tBu2P(NSiMe3)2]– and [Ph2P(NSiMe3)2]–, respectively, have been evaluated in the catalytic aziridination of olefins using PhI=NTs (Ts = p‐tolylsulfonyl) as the nitrene source. Dinuclear complex 2 featuring bridging NPN ligands and weak Cu···Cu interactions proved to be a robust and efficient catalyst. Aziridines could be obtained in good to excellent yields for a broad range of alkenes within 12 h at room temperature using 5 mol‐% Cu and 1.2 to 2.4 equiv. PhINTs with respect to the alkene. Complex 2 performed best with styrenes and methyl acrylate. The presence of weak Cu···Cu interactions in 2 is uncommon in catalytic aziridination reactions, and some interesting parallels with the widespread dinuclear Rh(II) catalysts can be drawn.
Nanomaterials and processes for carbon capture and conversion into useful by‐products for a sustainable energy future
Authors: Ashley Michael , Magiera Charles , Ramidi Punnamchandar , Blackburn Gary , Scott Timothy G , Gupta Rajeev , Wilson Kerry , Ghosh Anindya , Biswas Abhijit 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis review provides a comprehensive reflection of the recent advances in nanomaterials and processes for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and conversion. It is divided into two sections: carbon capture, and conversion into useful by‐products. The latest developments in nanotechnology‐enabled carbon capture processes along with an overview of the conventional technologies for carbon capture are described. Descriptions of by‐product conversion include conversion into important chemicals, liquid fuels, and hydrocarbon such as carbonate, methane, methanol, and formic acid. Finally, perspectives on the future directions in carbon capture and storage technology are presented. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The current and future state of CCS and its deployment around the world
Authors: Taylor Mark 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe SBC Energy Institute, a non‐profit organization founded in 2011 as an initiative of Schlumberger Business Consulting (SBC), has produced what is the first in a series of studies looking at carbon capture and storage (CCS). The first report, Leading the Energy Transition: Bringing Carbon Capture and Storage to Market, highlights the status of current technologies, analyzes the situation of demonstration and deployment projects, and gives perspectives on the future of CCS projects. The CCS Insight team at Bloomberg New Energy Finance, led by Mark Taylor, was instrumental in providing data and reviewing the report. Taylor discusses some of the report's main findings.
(2‐Bromoethyl)sulfonium Trifluoromethanesulfonates in Stereoselective Annulation Reactions for the Formation of Fused Bicyclic Epoxides and Aziridines
Authors: Fritz Sven P. , Ali Zulfiquar , Unthank Matthew G. , McGarrigle Eoghan M. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA versatile and simple method is reported for the synthesis of bicyclic epoxide and aziridinefused heterocycles (up to 98% yield, up to 96 : 4 er or up to 15 : 1 dr), using a tandem Michael addition/JohnsonCoreyChaykovsky annulation approach. A new chiral (2‐bromoethyl)sulfonium reagent is described, based on an easily available chiral sulfide; it promotes or enhances stereoselectivity in the reaction.