bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HOW DO THAI PATIENTS RECEIVING HAEMODIALYSIS COPE WITH PAIN?
Authors: Yodchai Kantaporn , Dunning Trisha , Savage Sally , Hutchinson Alison M , Oumtanee Areewan 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundPain affects peoples' well‐being and quality of life and is one of the most common symptoms experienced by people receiving haemodialysis (HD).ObjectivesTo explore how Thai people receiving HD perceive pain, the effect of pain on their lives, and how they cope with and manage pain.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit participants from two Thai outpatient haemodialysis facilities in Songkhla province. Face‐to‐face, in‐depth individual interviews using open‐ended questions were conducted during January and February 2012. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using Ritchie and Spencer's Framework method.FindingsTwenty people receiving HD participated in the study: age range 23–77 years; 10 were females. Three main types of pain emerged: physical pain, which occurred when needles were inserted during HD treatment and vascular access operations; psychological pain due to unfulfilled hopes and dreams and changes in family roles; and social pain. Perception of pain was influenced by the general populations' perceptions of chronic kidney disease. Participants used two main coping styles to manage pain: health‐adjustment and health‐behaviour styles. These two coping styles encompassed four specific coping strategies: religion, spirituality, accepting pain associated with HD treatment, and social support. Coping styles and strategies were influenced by Thai culture.ConclusionThe study elicited information that could help nursing staff understand how Thai people manage pain and the importance of cultural beliefs to their pain experience and coping strategies, which in turn can help nurses plan appropriate pain management.
Effects of dietary oleuropein supplementation on growth performance, serum lipid concentrations and lipid oxidation of Japanese quails
Authors: Sarica S. , Toptas S. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryAn in vivo experiment was conducted to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with oleuropein and/or α‐tocopheryl acetate on growth performance, serum lipid concentrations and lipid oxidation of Japanese quail meat during refrigerated storage. Performance and slaughtering parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. The diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 150 or 200 mg/kg were more effective in delaying lipid oxidation in breast and thigh meats compared with the control diet. The dietary inclusion of neither vitamin E nor oleuropein at different levels did not significantly affect the fatty acid compositions of the breast meat compared with the control diet. The diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 150 or 200 mg/kg had significantly the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid and omega‐3 fatty acid contents in thigh meat compared with the vitamin E diet. The ratio of omega‐6 fatty acids to omega‐3 FAs in thigh meat of quails fed diet supplemented with vitamin E at the level of 200 mg/kg was equivalent to those of quails fed the diets supplemented with oleuropein at the levels of 100 and 150 mg/kg. The results showed that the dietary oleuropein supplementation at 150 mg/kg level may be used in quail diets enriched with the polyunsaturated fatty acids of vitamin E as a natural antioxidant.
Intra‐articular mepivacaine reduces interventional analgesia requirements during arthroscopic surgery in dogs
Authors: Dutton T. A. G. , Gurney M. A. , Bright S. R. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo document efficacy of intra‐articular mepivacaine in dogs based on the hypothesis that this would blunt the haemodynamic response to a nociceptive stimulus (arthroscopic surgery), reducing interventional analgesia requirements.MethodsA dose of mepivacaine 2% 0 · 1 ml/kg (2 mg/kg) was injected intra‐articularly into one randomly assigned elbow joint before surgery in eight dogs undergoing bilateral elbow arthroscopy. Baseline haemodynamic measurements were recorded immediately before the start of each arthroscopic procedure and repeated at arthrocentesis, saline distension of the joint, incision, arthroscopic cannula and obturator insertion and placement of the second portal and haemodynamic variability calculated. If baseline parameters increased by more than 20% suggesting nociception, 1 µg/kg fentanyl was administered intravenously.ResultsSignificantly less fentanyl was required during arthroscopy on the mepivacaine treated elbows compared to the non‐treated elbows (P = 0 · 003) and the time to first fentanyl administration was significantly longer (P = 0 · 0001) in the mepivacaine treated elbows (21 · 2 ± 4 · 9 minutes) compared to the non‐treated elbows (6 · 1 ± 2 · 3 minutes). Haemodynamic variability was significantly reduced in the mepivacaine group (heart rate P = 0 · 04, mean arterial pressure P = 0 · 003).Clinical SignificanceIntra‐articular mepivacaine blunts the haemodynamic response to arthroscopic surgery in dogs and reduces interventional analgesia requirement.
Increased Expression of the Neuroregenerative Peptide Galanin in the Major Pelvic Ganglion Following Cavernous Nerve Injury
Authors: Weyne Emmanuel , Albersen Maarten , Hannan Johanna L. , Castiglione Fabio , Hedlund Petter , Verbist Godelieve , De Ridder Dirk , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Van der Aa Frank 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroductionErectile dysfunction (ED) remains a frequent complication of radical prostatectomy due to injury to the cavernous nerves (CNs). A recent microarray showed the neuropeptide galanin to be one of the most strikingly upregulated genes in the rat major pelvic ganglion (MPG) after bilateral CN crush injury (BCNI).AimThe aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal regulation of galanin in the MPG after BCNI and its relationship to functional nerve regeneration.MethodsChanges in galanin, galanin receptor (galR), and c-JUN mRNA expression were assessed in Sprague-Dawley rats after sham operation (n = 10) and at 48 hours (n = 10), 7 (n = 10), 14 (n = 5), 21 (n = 5), 30 (n = 5), and 60 (n = 5) days after BCNI using quantitative PCR. Erectile function was assessed by measuring intracavernous pressure (ICP) divided by mean arterial pressure (MAP) during CN electrostimulation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the MPG in sham-operated animals and 5 days after BCNI.Main Outcome MeasuresICP/MAP upon CN stimulation; galanin, galR1, -2, -3, and c-JUN mRNA expression at various time points after BCNI; and nNOS, galanin, and galR distribution in the MPG of sham-operated rats and after BCNI.ResultsAfter BCNI, ICP/MAP values quickly deteriorate, while after 60 days, spontaneous restoration of erectile responses to CN stimulation is observed, reflecting CN regeneration. Galanin mRNA in the MPG is up to 186-fold upregulated compared with sham-operated rats at 48 hours and 7 days after BCNI and gradually declines with increasing time from injury, whereas galanin receptor expressions decrease and c-JUN gradually increases. Galanin expression shows a strong inverse correlation with erectile responses to CN stimulation with time from injury. Injured MPGs show a colocalization between galanin- and nNOS-positive neuronal cell population in the MPG.ConclusionsGalanin is upregulated in the MPG in the early phase after CN injury after which it gradually decreases and is present in nNOS-positive neurons of the ganglion. We hypothesize that galanin upregulation is an important factor in the endogenous neuroregenerative response to CN injury.
Making the case for the development of a vaccination against hepatitis E virus
Authors: Haffar Samir , Bazerbachi Fateh , Lake John R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a global problem that affects 20 million individuals, and cause acute hepatitis in 3.5 million, with approximately 70 000 deaths worldwide per year. While the acute disease is generally self‐limited, however, it may progress to fatal fulminant liver failure in certain individuals. Contaminated water supplies disseminate this virus through the faecal–oral route, and swine is thought to be its zoonotic reservoir. Attempts have been made to develop effective HEV vaccines, and two candidates have undergone successful clinical trials. In this review, we discuss HEV epidemiology, genotypes, microbiological structure, as well as the most recent advances in vaccination developments.
Comparison of petrophysical properties of impactites for four meteoritic impact structures
Authors: Popov Y. , Mayr S. , Romushkevich R. , Burkhardt H. , Wilhelm H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe reanalyzed and compared unique data sets, which we obtained in the frame of combined petrophysical and geothermal investigations within scientific drilling projects on four impact structures: the Puchezh–Katunki impact structure (Vorotilovo borehole, Russia), the Ries impact structure (Noerdlingen‐73 borehole, Germany), the Chicxulub impact structure (ICDP Yaxcopoil‐1 borehole, Mexico), and the Chesapeake impact structure (ICDP‐USGS‐Eyreville borehole, USA). For a joined interpretation, we used the following previously published data: thermal properties, using the optical scanning technique, and porosities, both measured on densely sampled halfcores of the boreholes. For the two ICDP boreholes, we also used our previously published P‐wave velocities measured on a subset of cores. We show that thermal conductivity, thermal anisotropy, porosity, and velocity can be correlated with shock metamorphism (target rocks of the Puchezh–Katunki and Ries impact structures), and confirm the absence of shock metamorphism in the samples taken from megablocks (Chicxulub and Chesapeake impact structure). The physical properties of the lithic impact breccias and suevites are influenced mainly by their impact‐related porosity. Physical properties of lower porosity lithic impact breccias and suevites are also influenced by their chemical composition. These data allow for a distinction between different types of breccias due to differences concerning the texture and chemistry and the different amounts of melt and rock clasts.
Integration of conflict into integrative taxonomy: fitting hybridization in species delimitation ofMesocarabus(Coleoptera:Carabidae)
Authors: Andújar C. , Arribas P. , Ruiz C. , Serrano J. , Gómez‐Zurita J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn species differentiation, characters may not diverge synchronously, and there are also processes that shuffle character states in lineages descendant from a common ancestor. Species are thus expected to show some degree of incongruence among characters; therefore, taxonomic delimitation can benefit from integrative approaches and objective strategies that account for character conflict. We illustrate the potential of exploiting conflict for species delimitation in a study case of ground beetles of the subgenusCarabus(Mesocarabus), where traditional taxonomy does not accurately delimit species. The molecular phylogenies of four mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, cladistic analysis of the aedeagus, ecological niche divergence and morphometry of pronotal shape in more than 500 specimens ofMesocarabusshow that these characters are not fully congruent. For these data, a three‐step operational strategy is proposed for species delimitation by (i) delineating candidate species based on the integration of incongruence among conclusive lines of evidence, (ii) corroborating candidate species with inconclusive lines of evidence and (iii) refining a final species proposal based on an integrated characterization of candidate species based on the evolutionary analysis of incongruence. This procedure provided a general understanding of the reticulate process of hybridization and introgression acting onMesocarabusand generated the hypothesis of sevenMesocarabusspecies, including two putative hybrid lineages. Our work emphasizes the importance of incorporating critical analyses of character and phylogenetic conflict to infer both the evolutionary history and species boundaries through an integrative taxonomic approach.
Synthetic Population Generation with Multilevel Controls: A Fitness‐Based Synthesis Approach and Validations
Authors: Ma Lu , Srinivasan Sivaramakrishnan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe application of disaggregate models for predictions and policy evaluations requires as inputs detailed information on the socioeconomic characteristics of the population. The early procedure developed for population synthesis involved the generation of a joint multiway distribution of all attributes of interest using iterative proportional fitting (IPF). Recognizing its limitations, including the inability to deal with multilevel controls, several alternate methods have been proposed in the last few years. This article presents a methodology called the fitness‐based synthesis (FBS) that directly generates a list of households to match several multilevel controls without the need for determining a joint multiway distribution. The application and validation results demonstrate both the feasibility of the approach and its improved performance relative to the IPF and methods using fewer control tables. This article also presents a comprehensive validation of the synthetic populations against the true populations and thereby demonstrates the ability of the FBS method to generate the multidimensional correlations among the attributes. The number of iterations to terminations is found to be between one and three times the number of households to be synthesized. In sum, the FBS is an efficient and scalable methodology that is easy to implement and as such is a valuable tool for generating the detailed socioeconomic characteristics need for applying disaggregate travel‐demand forecasting models.
Toward a better understanding of gastrointestinal nitrergic neuromuscular transmission
Authors: Lies B. , Groneberg D. , Friebe A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundNitric oxide (NO) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The majority of nitrergic effects are transduced by NO‐sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NO‐GC) as the receptor for NO, and, thus, mediated by cGMP‐dependent mechanisms. Work carried out during the past years has demonstrated NO to be largely involved in GI smooth muscle relaxation and motility. However, detailed investigation of nitrergic signaling has turned out to be complicated as NO‐GC was identified in several different GI cell types such as smooth muscle cells, interstitial cells of Cajal and fibroblast‐like cells. With regards to nitrergic neurotransmission, special focus has been placed on the role of interstitial cells of Cajal using mutant mice with reduced populations of ICC. Recently, global and cell‐specific knockout mice for enzymes participating in nitrergic signaling have been generated providing a suitable approach to further examine the role of NO‐mediated signaling in GI smooth muscle.PurposeThis review discusses the current knowledge on nitrergic mechanisms in gastrointestinal neuromuscular transmission with a focus on genetic models and outlines possible further investigations to gain better understanding on NO‐mediated effects in the GI tract.
Patterns of increases in interleukin‐6 and C‐reactive protein as predictors for white matter injury in preterm infants
Authors: Inomata Kei , Mizobuchi Masami , Tanaka Satoshi , Iwatani Sota , Sakai Hitomi , Yoshimoto Seiji , Nakao Hideto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine whether patterns of increases in serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels at birth were associated with the development of white matter injury (WMI) in preterm infants with a fetal inflammatory response (FIR).MethodsOne hundred infants who were born at <32 weeks gestation and had funisitis, as determined by histological evidence of FIR, were studied. Infants were divided into four groups according to IL‐6 and CRP levels at birth, with cut‐off values of 200 pg/mL and 0.4 mg/dL, respectively. We compared the incidence of WMI, determined by MRI at term‐equivalent age, among these groups.ResultsThe number of infants in each group was 12, 43, 0, and 45 in the high IL‐6 and high CRP (HH) group, high IL‐6 and low CRP (HL) group, low IL‐6 and high CRP (LH) group, and low IL‐6 and low CRP (LL) group, respectively. The incidence of WMI was significantly higher in the HH group than in the HL group and LL group (83%, 40%, and 34%, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a combined elevation in IL‐6 and CRP levels was an independent predictor for the development of WMI (odds ratio, 8.3).ConclusionA combined elevation in serum IL‐6 and CRP levels at birth was associated with the development of WMI in preterm infants with FIR.
Effect of Exercise Programs With Aerobic Exercise Sessions of Similar Intensity but Different Frequency and Duration on Health-Related Measures in Overweight Women
Authors: Manthou Eirini , Gill Jason M.R. , Malkova Dalia 
Published: May 2014

Background:This study investigated health-related effects of exercise programs with exercise sessions of similar intensity but different frequency and duration.Methods:Thirty-four overweight women were randomized into either long-bout (LB) or short-bout (SB) exercise groups. Participants performed an 8-week supervised program, with the LB group exercising for 75 minutes twice per week, and the SB group for 30 minutes on 5 days of the week.Results:The LB group completed 16 sessions at a heart rate (HR) of 127 ± 1 beat·min−1 and the SB group completed 40 sessions at a HR of 126 ± 1 beat·min−1. Weekly energy expenditure of exercise was not different between groups (LB group, 5.64 ± 0.34 MJ; SB group, 5.83 ± 0.23 MJ). Training significantly (P < .05) increased measures of cardiorespiratory fitness, decreased waist circumference, insulin resistance, and diastolic blood pressure. The group × time interaction was not significant for any of these factors, indicating that responses to exercise training did not differ between the SB and LB groups.Conclusions:Health-related outcomes of exercise programs with similar energy expenditure are independent of frequency and duration of exercise sessions. This provides individuals with a degree of flexibility in exercise program planning.
Determinants of Variance in the Habitual Physical Activity of Overweight Adults
Authors: Paul David R. , Kramer Matthew , Stote Kim S. , Baer David J. 
Published: May 2014

Background:The number of days of data and number of subjects necessary to estimate total physical activity (TPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) requires an understanding of within- and between-subject variances, and the influence of sex, body composition, and age.Methods:Seventy-one adults wore accelerometers for 7-day intervals over 6 consecutive months.Results:Body fat and sex influenced TPA and MVPA. The sources of subject-related variation for TPA and MVPA were within-subject (48.4% and 54.3%), between-subject (34.3% and 31.8%), and calendar effects (17.3% and 13.9%). Based on within-subject variances, the error associated with estimating TPA and MVPA by collecting 1 to 7 days of data ranged from 28.2% to 13.3% for TPA and 62.0% to 28.6% for MVPA. Based on between-subject variances, detecting a 10% difference between 2 groups at a power of 90% requires approximately 200 and 725 subjects per group for TPA and MVPA, respectively.Conclusions:Estimates of MVPA are more variable than TPA in overweight adults, therefore more days of data are required to estimate MVPA and larger sample sizes to detect treatment differences for MVPA. Log-transforming data reduces the need for additional days of data collection, thereby improving chances of detecting treatment effects.
Lignin Valorization: Improving Lignin Processing in the Biorefinery
Authors: Ragauskas Arthur J. , Beckham Gregg T. , Biddy Mary J. , Chandra Richard , Chen Fang , Davis Mark F. , Davison Brian H. , Dixon Richard A. , Gilna Paul , Keller Martin , Langan Paul , Naskar Amit K. , Saddler Jack N. , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: May 2014

Background

Lignin, nature’s dominant aromatic polymer, is found in most terrestrial plants in the approximate range of 15 to 40% dry weight and provides

structural integrity. Traditionally, most large-scale industrial processes that use plant polysaccharides have burned lignin to generate the power needed to productively transform biomass. The advent of biorefineries that convert cellulosic biomass into liquid transportation fuels will generate substantially more lignin than necessary to power the operation, and therefore efforts are underway to transform it to value-added products.

Advances
Bioengineering to modify lignin structure and/or incorporate atypical components has shown promise toward facilitating recovery and chemical transformation of lignin under biorefinery conditions. The flexibility in lignin monomer composition has proven useful for enhancing extraction efficiency. Both the mining of genetic variants in native populations of bioenergy crops and direct genetic manipulation of biosynthesis pathways have produced lignin feedstocks with unique properties for coproduct development. Advances in analytical chemistry and computational modeling detail the structure of the modified lignin and direct bioengineering strategies for targeted properties. Refinement of biomass pretreatment technologies has further facilitated lignin recovery and enables catalytic modifications for desired chemical and physical properties.

Outlook
Potential high-value products from isolated lignin include low-cost carbon fiber, engineering plastics and thermoplastic elastomers, polymeric foams and membranes, and a variety of fuels and chemicals all currently sourced from petroleum. These lignin coproducts must be low cost and perform as well as petroleum-derived counterparts. Each product stream has its own distinct challenges. Development of renewable lignin-based polymers requires improved processing technologies coupled to tailored bioenergy crops incorporating lignin with the desired chemical and physical properties. For fuels and chemicals, multiple strategies have emerged for lignin depolymerization and upgrading, including thermochemical treatments and homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The multifunctional nature of lignin has historically yielded multiple product streams, which require extensive separation and purification procedures, but engineering plant feedstocks for greater structural homogeneity and tailored functionality reduces this challenge.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Newcastle Disease Virus from a
Coturnix coturnix japonica
(Japanese Quail) Covey in India
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Srinivasan , Tirumurugaan Krishnaswamy Gopalan , Jones Jagaraj Cyril , Kumanan Kathaperumal 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The genome of a Newcastle disease virus isolated from a Japanese quail in 2003 is reported here. The genome is 15,192 nucleotides (nt) long, as found in the recent genotypes, and grouped as genotype VIIb, with a 6-nt insertion. This is the first report on the sequence of a genotype VII Newcastle disease virus (NDV) from India.
Laboratory Evaluation of the BD MAX MRSA Assay
Authors: Widen Raymond , Healer Vicki , Silbert Suzane 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

A comparison between the BD MAX MRSA and Xpert MRSA assays was performed using 239 nares samples. A 97.9% overall agreement between the two molecular assays was observed. The BD MAX MRSA assay proved to be a reliable alternative for a highly automated system to detect methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) in patient nares samples.