bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia consortium criteria (FTDC) in a clinicopathological cohort
Authors: Balasa Mircea , Gelpi Ellen , Martín Idaira , Antonell Anna , Rey Ma Jesus , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , Molinuevo José Luis , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Lladó Albert ,   Catalan collaborative Study Group for FTLD
Published: November 2014

AimsThe aims of this study were to assess the sensitivity of the International Behavioural Variant FTD Criteria Consortium (FTDC) revised criteria of behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) in a pathological cohort and to determine their predictive values in a clinical context suggestive of bvFTD. In addition, the study aimed to assess the influence of the age at onset and underlying pathology in the clinicopathological correlations.MethodsRetrospective, blinded review of the clinical and neuropathological data from the Neurological Tissue Bank of the Biobank Hospital Clinic–IDIBAPS, Barcelona (Spain) was conducted, assessing the fulfilment of the diagnostic criteria on a case‐by‐case basis. Two separate nonexclusive cohorts were selected: Cohort 1 (n = 58) subjects with pathological diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and Cohort 2 (n = 66) subjects with the premortem diagnosis of bvFTD.ResultsThe FTDC criteria reached a sensitivity of 93% for possible and 80% for probable bvFTD. Early‐onset cases displayed significantly more disinhibition, loss of empathy and compulsive behaviour with respect to late‐onset bvFTD, leading to a slightly higher sensitivity of the diagnostic criteria (97% vs. 91%). There were no differences in the diagnostic performance between tau‐positive and tau‐negative cases. In subjects clinically diagnosed as bvFTD, a ‘possible bvFTD’ diagnosis reached a positive predictive value for FTLD pathology of 90%, irrespective of underlying proteinopathy. False‐positive clinical diagnoses were mainly Alzheimer's disease. These cases were significantly older, had less family history of dementia and had a predominantly apathetic clinical picture.ConclusionsThe revised bvFTD criteria present good sensitivity and positive predictive value in both early‐ and late‐onset cases and regardless of the underlying FTLD pathology.
Antibodies to a brain‐type creatine kinase associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
Authors: Tetsuka Syuichi , Yamasawa Hideaki , Ikeguchi Kunihiko , Fujimoto Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreviously, we identified a brain‐type creatine kinase antibody to be associated with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration using a proteomic approach. Immunohistochemistry showed that this antibody reacted with both mouse cerebellar neurons and bladder cancer tissues. Furthermore, we detected this antibody in sera from two paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration patients with small cell lung cancer and one lymphoma patient. In total, we detected four paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration patients.AimTo confirm the new onconeural antibody, we investigated whether this autoantigen is expressed in both human cerebellum and cancer tissues (small cell lung cancer of lymphoma).MethodsWe examined sera from two paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration patients with small cell lung cancer, one lymphoma patient and a patient with sensory‐motor neuropathy as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome by western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay to explore creatine kinase brain‐type antibody expressions in these cancer cells as well as in the human cerebellum. Sera from the patients without paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration were used as controls. In addition, we examined the serum from a patient with sensory‐motor neuropathy as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome by western blot.ResultsThe mean serum values of creatine kinase brain‐type antibodies in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration patients with small cell lung cancer were significantly higher than those of small cell lung cancer patients without paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Immunohistochemistry detected this autoantigen expression in both abovementioned specimens. We also detected this antibody in the serum in sensory‐motor neuropathy as paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.ConclusionOur study showed that this antibody was produced in four paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration patients, and that this autoantigen expression was evident in human cerebellum and cancer. These findings show that creatine kinase brain‐type antibody might be a novel antibody associated with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome.
Are above‐ and below‐ground phenology in sync?
Authors: Abramoff Rose Z. , Finzi Adrien C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryGlobally, root production accounts for 33–67% of terrestrial net primary productivity and influences decomposition via root production and turnover, carbon (C) allocation to mycorrhizal fungi and root exudation. As recognized above ground, the timing of phenological events affects terrestrial C balance, yet there is no parallel understanding for below‐ground phenology. In this paper we examine the phenology of root production and its relationship to temperature, soil moisture, and above‐ground phenology. Synthesizing 87 observations of whole‐plant phenology from 40 studies, we found that, on average, root growth occurs 25 ± 8 d after shoot growth but that the offset between the peak in root and shoot growth varies > 200 d across biomes (boreal, temperate, Mediterranean, and subtropical). Root and shoot growth are positively correlated with median monthly temperature and mean monthly precipitation in boreal, temperate, and subtropical biomes. However, a temperature hysteresis in these biomes leads to the hypothesis that internal controls over C allocation to roots are an equally, if not more, important driver of phenology. The specific mechanisms are as yet unclear but they are likely mediated by some combination of photoassimilate supply, hormonal signaling, and growth form.
Transgenic hybrid aspen trees with increased gibberellin (GA) concentrations suggest that GA acts in parallel with FLOWERING LOCUS T2 to control shoot elongation
Authors: Eriksson Maria E. , Hoffman Daniel , Kaduk Mateusz , Mauriat Mélanie , Moritz Thomas 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Bioactive gibberellins (GAs) have been implicated in short day (SD)‐induced growth cessation in Populus, because exogenous applications of bioactive GAs to hybrid aspens (Populus tremula × tremuloides) under SD conditions delay growth cessation. However, this effect diminishes with time, suggesting that plants may cease growth following exposure to SDs due to a reduction in sensitivity to GAs.

In order to validate and further explore the role of GAs in growth cessation, we perturbed GA biosynthesis or signalling in hybrid aspen plants by overexpressing AtGA20ox1, AtGA2ox2 and PttGID1.3 (encoding GA biosynthesis enzymes and a GA receptor).

We found trees with elevated concentrations of bioactive GA, due to overexpression of AtGA20ox1, continued to grow in SD conditions and were insensitive to the level of FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2) expression. As transgenic plants overexpressing the PttGID1.3 GA receptor responded in a wild‐type (WT) manner to SD conditions, this insensitivity did not result from limited receptor availability.

As high concentrations of bioactive GA during SD conditions were sufficient to sustain shoot elongation growth in hybrid aspen trees, independent of FT2 expression levels, we conclude elongation growth in trees is regulated by both GA‐ and long day‐responsive pathways, similar to the regulation of flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Linking winter conditions to regional disease dynamics in a wild plant–pathogen metapopulation
Authors: Penczykowski Rachel M. , Walker Emily , Soubeyrand Samuel , Laine Anna‐Liisa 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Pathogens are considered to drive ecological and evolutionary dynamics of plant populations, but we lack data measuring the population‐level consequences of infection in wild plant–pathogen interactions. Moreover, while it is often assumed that offseason environmental conditions drive seasonal declines in pathogen population size, little is known about how offseason environmental conditions impact the survival of pathogen resting stages, and how critical the offseason is for the next season's epidemic.

The fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis persists as a dynamic metapopulation in the large network of Plantago lanceolata host populations. Here, we analyze long‐term data to measure the spatial synchrony of epidemics and consequences of infection for over 4000 host populations. Using a theoretical model, we study whether large‐scale environmental change could synchronize disease occurrence across the metapopulation.

During 2001–2013 exposure to freezing decreased, while pathogen extinction–colonization–persistence rates became more synchronized. Simulations of a theoretical model suggest that increasingly favorable winter conditions for pathogen survival could drive such synchronization. Our data also show that infection decreases host population growth.

These results confirm that mild winter conditions increase pathogen overwintering success and thus increase disease prevalence across the metapopulation. Further, we conclude that the pathogen can drive host population growth in the Plantago–Podosphaera system.
Summer drought alters carbon allocation to roots and root respiration in mountain grassland
Authors: Hasibeder Roland , Fuchslueger Lucia , Richter Andreas , Bahn Michael 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Drought affects the carbon (C) source and sink activities of plant organs, with potential consequences for belowground C allocation, a key process of the terrestrial C cycle. The responses of belowground C allocation dynamics to drought are so far poorly understood.

We combined experimental rain exclusion with 13C pulse labelling in a mountain meadow to analyse the effects of summer drought on the dynamics of belowground allocation of recently assimilated C and how it is partitioned among different carbohydrate pools and root respiration.

Severe soil moisture deficit decreased the ecosystem C uptake and the amounts and velocity of C allocated from shoots to roots. However, the proportion of recently assimilated C translocated belowground remained unaffected by drought. Reduced root respiration, reflecting reduced C demand under drought, was increasingly sustained by C reserves, whilst recent assimilates were preferentially allocated to root storage and an enlarged pool of osmotically active compounds.

Our results indicate that under drought conditions the usage of recent photosynthates is shifted from metabolic activity to osmotic adjustment and storage compounds.
Association Between Lichen Sclerosus and Celiac Disease: A Report of Three Pediatric Cases
Authors: Jacobs Lauren , Gilliam Amy , Khavari Nasim , Bass Dorsey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe prevalence of celiac disease (CD) is increasing and may be as high as 1% of the US population. The typical presentation of CD generally includes gastrointestinal symptoms, but more individuals are presenting with extraintestinal manifestations. A wide variety of dermatologic associations have been described with CD, including alopecia, dermatitis herpetiformis, and enamel hypoplasia. In this report we describe three girls with CD who presented with hypopigmented skin lesions and pruritus in the perivaginal and perianal areas, consistent with the diagnosis of lichen sclerosus (LS). All three presented within 1 year to the same practitioner. To our knowledge, this association has not previously been explored in the literature. These cases elucidate a possible relationship between CD and LS.
Light‐Regulated MicroRNAs
Authors: Jayanthy Ashika , Setaluri Vijayasaradhi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn addition to exposure to passive diurnal cycles of sunlight, humans are also subjected to intentional acute exposure to other types of electromagnetic radiation (EM). Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the physiological, pathological and therapeutic responses to exposure to radiation is an active area of research. With the advent of methods to readily catalog and identify patterns of changes in gene expression, many studies have reported changes in gene expression upon exposure of various human and mouse cells in vitro, whole experimental organisms such as mice and parts of human body. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these broad ranging changes in gene expression are not yet fully understood. MicroRNAs, which are short, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting many messenger RNAs, are also emerging as important mediators of radiation‐induced changes in gene expression and hence critical for the manifestation of light‐induced cellular phenotypes and physiological responses. In this article, we review available knowledge on microRNAs implicated in responses to various forms of solar and other EM radiation. Based on this knowledge, we elaborate some unifying themes in the regulation and functions of some of these miRNAs.
Genetic structure of Italian populations of Pyrenochaeta lycopersici, the causal agent of corky root rot of tomato
Authors: Infantino A. , Pucci N. , Aragona M. , de Felice S. , Rau D. 
Published: November 2014

Pyrenochaeta lycopersici is the causal agent of corky root rot, which is a serious disease worldwide that attacks the roots of tomato. A total of 139 isolates were sampled from eight locations in Italy and Israel and assigned to two molecular types (type 1 and type 2) based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. These isolates were genotyped using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) to decipher the population structure. Based on this population structure analysis, three groups of P. lycopersici were identified. One group correlated to ITS type 1, while the other two correlated to ITS type 2. amova indicated high genetic divergence (FST = 0·40) between the Italian types 1 and 2. These data support the view that the two ITS types represent significant evolutionary entities, although there might be incomplete lineage sorting present. Some isolates of different ITS type were observed to have very similar multilocus AFLP profiles, and some genotypes were intermediate between the two ITS types. This suggests that parasexual hybridization between the two types has had a significant role in shaping the population structure of P. lycopersici. Finally, the average divergence among the populations within the ITS types was very high (FSC = 0·710, P < 10−5), probably due to strong genetic drift and founder effects combined with restricted migration.
Prosocial Behavior: Long‐term Trajectories and Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Flynn Elinor , Ehrenreich Samuel E. , Beron Kurt J. , Underwood Marion K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study investigated developmental trajectories for prosocial behavior for a sample followed from the age of 10–18 and examined possible adjustment outcomes associated with membership in different trajectory groups. Participants were 136 boys and 148 girls, their teachers, and their parents (19.4 percent African‐American, 2.4 percent Asian, 51.9 percent Caucasian, 19.5 percent Hispanic, and 5.8 percent other). Teachers rated children's prosocial behavior yearly in grades 4–12. At the end of the 12th grade year, teachers, parents, and participants reported externalizing behaviors and participants reported internalizing symptoms, narcissism, and features of borderline personality disorder. Results suggested that prosocial behavior remained stable from middle childhood through late adolescence. Group‐based mixture modeling revealed three prosocial trajectory groups: low (18.7 percent), medium (52.8 percent), and high (29.6 percent). Membership in the high prosocial trajectory group predicted lower levels of externalizing behavior as compared with the low prosocial trajectory group, and for girls, lower levels of internalizing symptoms. Membership in the medium prosocial trajectory group also predicted being lower on externalizing behaviors. Membership in the high prosocial trajectory group predicted lower levels of borderline personality features for girls only.
Multimodal and time‐lapse skin registration
Authors: Madan S. , Dana K. J. , Cula G.O. 
Published: November 2014

Background/purposeComputational skin analysis is revolutionizing modern dermatology. Patterns extracted from image sequences enable algorithmic evaluation. Stacking multiple images to analyze pattern variation implicitly assumes that the images are aligned per‐pixel. However, breathing and involuntary motion of the patient causes significant misalignment. Alignment algorithms designed for multimodal and time‐lapse skin images can solve this problem. Sequences from multi‐modal imaging capture unique appearance features in each modality. Time‐lapse image sequences capture skin appearance change over time.MethodsMultimodal skin images have been acquired under five different modalities: three in reflectance (visible, parallel‐polarized, and cross‐polarized) and two in fluorescence mode (UVA and blue light excitation). For time‐lapse imagery, 39 images of acne lesions over a 3‐month period have been collected. The method detects micro‐level features like pores, wrinkles, and other skin texture markings in the acquired images. Images are automatically registered to subpixel accuracy.ResultsThe proposed registration approach precisely aligns multimodal and time‐lapse images. Subsurface recovery from multimodal images has misregistration artefacts that can be eliminated using this approach. Registered time‐lapse imaging captures the evolution of appearance of skin regions with time.ConclusionMisalignment in skin imaging has significant impact on any quantitative or qualitative image evaluation. Micro‐level features can be used to obtain highly accurate registration. Multimodal images can be organized with maximal overlap for successful registration. The resulting point‐to‐point alignment improves the quality of skin image analysis.
Functional and Sectoral Division of Labour within Central and Eastern European Countries: Evidence from Greenfield FDI
Authors: Dogaru Teodora , Burger Martijn , Karreman Bas , van Oort Frank 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the sectoral and functional division of labour in Central and Eastern European (CEE) regions within the convergence debate. By analysing the investment decisions of multinational corporations in 49 NUTS 2 regions across six European CEE countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria), we show that capital city regions not only receive more greenfield FDI but also attract a larger variety of investments in terms of sectors and functions. Capital cities are more likely to host higher‐end sectors and functions, which provides an explanation for the existing regional disparities within CEE countries. These results highlight the importance of functional and sectoral divisions of labour in the view of regional profiling and contribute to the recent EU Cohesion Policy debate.
Behind the Scenes of Place Branding: Unraveling the Selective Nature of Regional Branding
Authors: Messely Lies , Dessein Joost , Rogge Elke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProcesses of globalisation, internationalisation and rescaling of statehood have led to an increased competition between regions. Place branding has become one of the central concepts for promoting local competitiveness and for capturing significant mind and market share. It is a promotional strategy that includes all activities that increase the attractiveness of an area as a place for working, living and spending free time. Place branding involves the development of a place brand, which entails selecting place‐specific attributes and values to represent the place. A vast number of different actors contribute to the creation of the regional brand and the way it will be developed and communicated. This paper focuses on place branding at the regional level and investigates the selections that are made by the regional actors involved in two regional branding projects in Flanders. Furthermore, it unravels which underlying factors influence these selection processes.
The impact of high speed rail on airport competition
Authors: Terpstra Ilse , Lijesen Mark G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe study the effects of introducing a high speed train connection on competition between airports, focusing on the new HST‐link between Amsterdam and Brussels. We conduct a detailed analysis regarding the airport choice of passengers living in the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Northern France and Western Germany. We compare the results with Spain, where a high speed train between Madrid and Barcelona has recently been inaugurated. We estimate a multinomial logit model of airport choice and predict future market shares, based on access time, frequency, average fare and airport specific constants. Direct and cross‐elasticities are calculated and finally future market shares are predicted, incorporating changes in access time due to the introduction of the high speed train. We find that the introduction of a high speed train connection benefits the airport with the higher level of service most. This is in line with general economic reasoning that stronger suppliers benefit more from increased competition.
Health Care Disparities in Megaurban China: The Ambivalent Role of Unregistered Practitioners
Authors: Bork‐HÜffer Tabea , Kraas Frauke 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOne of the unintended effects of China's health care reforms is the emergence of unregistered practitioners. We discuss reasons for their development and their role in the urban health care provision system under consideration of general developments in health care provision and health governance – thereby drawing scientific attention to a by far under‐researched topic. We analyse the basic characteristics and strategies of clinic‐based unregistered practitioners in Guangzhou and examine their perception and utilisation by rural‐to‐urban migrants. The research design followed a qualitative dominant mixed methods research approach, which included expert interviews with representatives of administration, indepth interviews with practitioners and migrants, a quantitative survey with 450 migrants and field observations. According to our results, gaps in the formal health care system – especially lack of access of marginalised population groups and inadequate responsiveness – poor enforcement of regulation and corrupt executive personnel are responsible for their emergence and prevalence.
Reflexive Identity Narratives and Regional Legacies
Authors: Vainikka Joni T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRegions frame cultural traditions, meanings and performances but in relation to national imaginaries regions have asynchronous legacies that nourish their distinctiveness. While regions are a part of place‐based, cultural vocabularies and patterns of everyday life, scholars have increasingly emphasised reflexive perceptions and challenged comprehensive and overarching regional identities. Drawing on 15 focus‐group interviews with locally or universally‐orientated civic organisation groups in two English counties (Cornwall and Devon) and two Finnish provinces (North Karelia and Southwest Finland), I analyse reflexive, stable and eclectic identifications with regional spaces and provide a typology for understanding archetypal and absorbed regional legacies and differently positioned ways of thinking. The results indicate that the social negotiation of identity discourses can contribute to a dialogue of inclusion, the formation of multiple identities and qualified senses of belonging. The paper highlights the importance of respecting different worldviews and life‐paths in the analysis of culturally situated regional identities.