bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of depression/anxietycomplicated coronary diseases and evaluation of commonly used scales
Authors: Liang Si-Yu , Li Xiang-Ping 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
With the transformation of the medical model to a bio - psycho - social medical model, people are becoming more and more concerned about psychological and social factors in the development, prognosis and treatments of cardiovascular diseases. Some prospective studies have shown that depression/anxiety may be one of the risk factors for coronary diseases; it can accelerate the progression of the disease and may also be a risk factor for poor prognosis. However, depression/anxiety-complicated coronary diseases is rarely recognized by nonpsychiatrists; therefore, these patients often fail to receive timely diagnosis and treatment and may even undergo further psychological and economic burden because of excessive examination and treatment. Identification and intervention of coronary diseases associated with depression/anxiety as early as possible is yet to be achieved. This article reviews how to identify coronary diseases patients with depression/anxiety and how the common depression/ anxiety scales are used and evaluated nowadays.
Reliability and Validity of PROMIS Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Concerns Scales Among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Becker Heather , Stuifbergen Alexa , Lee HwaYoung , Kullberg Vicki 
Published: March 2014

Background: Cognitive impairment is among the most debilitating outcomes of multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several neuropsychological tests and self-report cognitive measures have been used to assess cognitive impairment, they may not be sensitive to change over time, or may not be feasible to administer in a clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the 8-item PROMIS Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Concerns Scales in a large community-based sample of people with MS. The PROMIS Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Concerns Scales derive from the National Institutes of Health–funded Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS), an item repository that capitalizes on recent psychometric advances to produce short, psychometrically sound health measures.
Methods: Mailed survey data were collected from 322 individuals recruited from two National Multiple Sclerosis Society chapters in a southwestern state.
Results: Both cognitive scales demonstrated high internal consistency reliability and were moderately correlated with self-reported depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, barriers to health promotion, health, and functional status (all correlation coefficients &gt;0.35). In hierarchical regression analysis, the PROMIS Cognitive Concerns score added significant unique variance to the prediction of MS Incapacity Status after controlling for self-reported depressive symptoms, exercise, spiritual growth, and global health. Those who were unemployed owing to their disabilities had significantly lower PROMIS Cognitive Abilities scores and higher Cognitive Concerns scores than those who were working or those who were retired or not working for other reasons.
Conclusions: The PROMIS Cognitive Abilities and Cognitive Concerns Scales are short, psychometrically sound measures that assess an important dimension of functioning and health for people with MS.
Regional flood frequency analysis using kernel‐based fuzzy clustering approach
Authors: Basu Bidroha , Srinivas V. V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRegionalization approaches are widely used in water resources engineering to identify hydrologically homogeneous groups of watersheds that are referred to as regions. Pooled information from sites (depicting watersheds) in a region forms the basis to estimate quantiles associated with hydrological extreme events at ungauged/sparsely gauged sites in the region. Conventional regionalization approaches can be effective when watersheds (data points) corresponding to different regions can be separated using straight lines or linear planes in the space of watershed related attributes. In this paper, a kernel‐based Fuzzy c‐means (KFCM) clustering approach is presented for use in situations where such linear separation of regions cannot be accomplished. The approach uses kernel‐based functions to map the data points from the attribute space to a higher‐dimensional space where they can be separated into regions by linear planes. A procedure to determine optimal number of regions with the KFCM approach is suggested. Further, formulations to estimate flood quantiles at ungauged sites with the approach are developed. Effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through Monte‐Carlo simulation experiments and a case study on watersheds in United States. Comparison of results with those based on conventional Fuzzy c‐means clustering, Region‐of‐influence approach and a prior study indicate that KFCM approach outperforms the other approaches in forming regions that are closer to being statistically homogeneous and in estimating flood quantiles at ungauged sites.
The contribution of aeolian sand and dust to iron fertilization of phytoplankton blooms in southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Winton V. H. L. , Dunbar G. B. , Bertler N. A. N. , Millet M.‐A. , Delmonte B. , Atkins C. B. , Chewings J. M. , Andersson P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIron is a limiting micronutrient for primary production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Recent observations reveal low dissolved Fe (dFe) concentrations in the Ross Sea polynya following high initial rates of primary production in summer, after the dFe winter reserve has been consumed. Significant new sources of dFe are therefore required to further sustain phytoplankton blooms. Iron from aeolian sand and dust (ASD) released from melting sea ice is one potential source. To constrain aeolian Fe inputs, we determined ASD mass accumulation rates and the total and soluble Fe content of ASD on sea ice in McMurdo Sound, southwestern (SW) Ross Sea. The mean mass accumulation rate was ~1.5 g m−2 yr−1, total Fe content of this ASD was 4 ± 1 wt %, and the percentage of soluble Fe was 11 ± 1%. Our mean estimate of the bulk aeolian dFe flux of 122.1 µmol m−2 yr−1 for the McMurdo Sound region suggests that aeolian Fe can support between 9.0 × 109 and 4.1 × 1011 mol C yr−1 (0.1–4.9 Tg C yr−1) of new primary production. This equates to only ~15% of new primary production in the SW Ross Sea, suggesting that aeolian dFe is a minor component of seasonal Fe supply. The very high ASD accumulation on sea ice in McMurdo Sound compared to other regions of Antarctica suggests that our results represent the upper limit of dFe supply to the ocean from this source in the Ross Sea.
Application of remote sensing to understanding fire regimes and biomass burning emissions of the tropical Andes
Authors: Oliveras Immaculada , Anderson Liana O. , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the tropical Andes, there have been very few systematic studies aimed at understanding the biomass burning dynamics in the area. This paper seeks to advance on our understanding of burning regimes in this region, with the first detailed and comprehensive assessment of fire occurrence and the derived gross biomass burning emissions of an area of the Peruvian tropical Andes. We selected an area of 2.8 million hectares at altitudes over 2000 m. We analyzed fire occurrence over a 12 year period with three types of satellite data. Fire dynamics showed a large intra‐annual and interannual variability, with most fires occurring May–October (the period coinciding with the dry season). Total area burned decreased with increasing rainfall until a given rainfall threshold beyond which no relationship was found. The estimated fire return interval (FRI) for the area is 37 years for grasslands, which is within the range reported for grasslands, and 65 years for forests, which is remarkably shorter than other reported FRI in tropical moist forests. The greatest contribution (60–70%, depending on the data source) to biomass burning emissions came from burned montane cloud forests (4.5 million Mg CO2 over the study period), despite accounting for only 7.4–10% of the total burned area. Gross aboveground biomass emissions (7.55 ± 2.14 Tg CO2; 0.43 ± 0.04 Tg CO; 24,012 ± 2685 Mg CH4 for the study area) were larger than previously reported for the tropical Andes.
Field‐aligned currents during the extreme solar minimum between the solar cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Wing Simon , Ohtani Shinichi , Johnson Jay , Wilson Gordon R. , Higuchi Tomoyuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe solar minimum between solar cycles 23 and 24 was unusually long and deep. The upward region‐1 (R1) field‐aligned current (FAC) response to this extreme solar minimum was investigated using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations. The solar cycle responses on the dayside are different than those on the nightside. The field‐aligned current density (J//) on the dayside, at 12–17 magnetic local time (MLT), peaks in the declining phase of the solar cycle, in 2003, when the solar wind speed also peaks, whereas J// on the nightside, at 18–23 MLT, appears insensitive to the solar cycle. In 1995–2010, J// at 15–17 MLT reaches the lowest value during the extreme solar minimum in 2009, when the solar wind speed also reaches the lowest value. At 12–17 MLT, R1 is located mostly on open field lines or at the boundary layer, where the current is driven mostly by the velocity shear at the magnetopause boundary. However, on the nightside, R1 is located mostly on the closed field lines where J// is not driven directly and immediately by the solar wind. The nightside current width (Λ) exhibits a solar cycle effect such that Λ is smaller at the solar minimum and smallest in 2009. However, the dayside Λ exhibits little solar cycle effect. As a result, the FAC intensity (latitudinally integrated J//) exhibits a solar cycle variation at all local times and the FAC intensity is lower during the extreme solar minimum than that of the previous solar minimum.
S‐NPP ATMS instrument prelaunch and on‐orbit performance evaluation
Authors: Kim Edward , Lyu Cheng‐Hsuan J. , Anderson Kent , Vincent Leslie R. , Blackwell William J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first of a new generation of microwave sounders was launched aboard the Suomi‐National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership satellite in October 2011. The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) combines the capabilities and channel sets of three predecessor sounders into a single package to provide information on the atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture profiles that are the most critical observations needed for numerical weather forecast models. Enhancements include size/mass/power approximately one third of the previous total, three new sounding channels, the first space‐based, Nyquist‐sampled cross‐track microwave temperature soundings for improved fusion with infrared soundings, plus improved temperature control and reliability. This paper describes the ATMS characteristics versus its predecessor, the advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU), and presents the first comprehensive evaluation of key prelaunch and on‐orbit performance parameters. Two‐year on‐orbit performance shows that the ATMS has maintained very stable radiometric sensitivity, in agreement with prelaunch data, meeting requirements for all channels (with margins of ~40% for channels 1–15), and improvements over AMSU‐A when processed for equivalent spatial resolution. The radiometric accuracy, determined by analysis from ground test measurements, and using on‐orbit instrument temperatures, also shows large margins relative to requirements (specified as <1.0 K for channels 1, 2, and 16–22 and <0.75 K for channels 3–15). A thorough evaluation of the performance of ATMS is especially important for this first proto‐flight model unit of what will eventually be a series of ATMS sensors providing operational sounding capability for the U.S. and its international partners well into the next decade.
The Venus nighttime atmosphere as observed by the VIRTIS‐M instrument. Average fields from the complete infrared data set
Authors: Grassi D. , Politi R. , Ignatiev N. I. , Plainaki C. , Lebonnois S. , Wolkenberg P. , Montabone L. , Migliorini A. , Piccioni G. , Drossart P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present and discuss here the average fields of the Venus atmosphere derived from the nighttime observations in the 1960–2350 cm−1 spectral range by the VIRTIS‐M instrument on board the Venus Express satellite. These fields include: (a) the air temperatures in the 1–100 mbar pressure range (~85–65 km above the surface), (b) the altitude of the clouds top, and (c) the average CO mixing ratio. A new retrieval code based on the Bayesian formalism has been developed and validated on simulated observations, to statistically assess the retrieval capabilities of the scheme once applied to the VIRTIS data. The same code has then been used to process the entire VIRTIS‐M data set. Resulting individual retrievals have been binned on the basis of local time and latitude, to create average fields. Air temperature fields confirm the general trends previously reported in Grassi et al. (2010), using a simplified retrieval scheme and a more limited data set. At the lowest altitudes probed by VIRTIS (~65 km), air temperatures are strongly asymmetric around midnight, with a pronounced minima at 3LT, 70°S. Moving to higher levels, the air temperatures first become more uniform in local time (~75 km), then display a colder region on the evening side at the upper boundary of VIRTIS sensitivity range (~80 km). As already shown by Ignatiev et al. (2008) for the dayside, the cloud effective altitude increases monotonically from the south pole to the equator. However, the variations observed in night data are consistent with an overall variation of just 1 km, much smaller than the 4 km reported for the dayside. The cloud altitudes appear slightly higher on the evening side. Both observations are consistent with a less vigorous meridional circulation on the nightside of the planet. Carbon monoxide is not strongly constrained by the VIRTIS‐M data. However, average fields present a clear maximum of 80 ppm around 60°S, well above the retrieval uncertainty. Once the intrinsic low sensitivity of VIRTIS data in the region of cold collar is kept in mind, this datum is consistent with a [CO] enrichment toward the poles driven by meridional circulation.
Daily evaporation from drying soil: Universal parameterization with similarity
Authors: Brutsaert Wilfried 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith supporting experimental evidence from three separate field studies of daily mean evaporation from bare soil with vastly different physical characteristics, it is shown that the process can be described as isothermal linear diffusion in a finite depth domain. The resulting solution leads directly to similarity variables and thus a universal parameterization, which should in principle be applicable to most field soils. In addition, a closed form expression is presented to estimate the weighted mean diffusivity for exponential type soil water diffusivities. In this solution, the widely used square root of inverse time proportionality of this phenomenon is its short time version, whereas the exponential decay proportionality, proposed however by several authors for vegetated surfaces, is its long time version. It appears that in many situations the soil layer contributing to evaporation is fairly shallow and only a few tens of centimeters thick.
One‐Step Synthesis of Methanesulfonyloxymethyl Ketones via Gold‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Terminal Alkynes: A Combination of Ligand and Counter Anion Enables High Efficiency and a One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Thiazoles
Authors: Wu Gongde , Zheng Renhua , Nelson Jonathan , Zhang Liming 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBy using Mor‐DalPhos as the P,N‐bidentate ligand and mesylate as the counter ion, the resulting gold(I) complex catalyzes efficient oxidative transformations of various terminal alkynes into synthetically versatile methanesulfonyloxymethyl ketones. The mild reaction conditions and high efficiency permit the one‐pot synthesis of a range of valuable 2,4‐disubstituted thiazoles by subjecting the resulting reaction mixture to a further condensation with thioamides under mild conditions.magnified image
Air‐Stable Carbonyl(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt Diiodide Complex as a Precursor for Cationic (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) Catalysis: Application for Directed C‐2 Selective CH Amidation of Indoles
Authors: Sun Bo , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki , Kanai Motomu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe readily available carbonyl(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt diiodide complex [Cp*Co(CO)I2] was successfully utilized as the precursor of a cationic cobalt(III) active catalyst for directed CH bond functionalization. The complex Cp*Co(CO)I2 (2.5–1.25 mol%), in combination with silver hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) and potassium acetate (KOAc), efficiently catalyzed the directed C‐2 selective amidation of indoles with sulfonyl azides, and the corresponding products were obtained in 85–98 % yield.magnified image
Manganese‐Catalyzed and Promoted Reactions of H‐Phosphinate Esters
Authors: Fisher Henry C. , Berger Olivier , Gelat Fabien , Montchamp Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2014

AbstractH‐Phosphinates react with alkenes and alkynes using catalytic manganese(II) acetate. Under stoichiometric conditions with manganese(III) acetate or with catalytic manganese(II) acetate+excess manganese(II) oxide various reactions like arylation or cyclization through radical oxidative arylation can take place. Whereas the chemistry of manganese is already well developed for the functionalization of H‐phosphonates, the present methodology provides an unprecedented access to functionalized phosphinates in acceptable to good yields.magnified image
Chemical vapor deposition of poly(3‐alkylthiophene) nanoparticles on fabric: Chemical and electrochemical characterization
Authors: Jahan Biglari Maryam , Mokhtari Javad , Nouri Mahdi , Sarabi Ali Asghar 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTChemical vapor deposition of poly(3‐methylthiophene) and poly (3‐hexylthiophene) as conductive polymers on the surface of polyester fabrics was successfully obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of polymers on surface of fabrics (the fingerprint of polythiophenes, υ 600–1500 cm−1). The uniformity of deposition and nanoparticles (average size of 60 nm) were proved with scanning electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that P3HT‐coated samples offer higher conductivity in compared to P3MT‐coated samples. The impedance modulus of P3HT‐coated samples was lowered nine times to that of row materials and reached to c8000 Ω. The samples have also shown electrochromic properties under electrical current, changing its color from yellowish green at 0 V to dark green at +12 V for poly (3‐hexylthiophene) samples and from brown at 0 V to red at +12 V for poly(3‐methylthiophene)‐coated fabrics (V = 0 V, λ = 450 nm; V = 12 V, λ = 650 nm). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40673.
A18: Risk Factors for Symptomatic Avascular Necrosis in Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Authors: Yang Yelin , Kumar Sathish , Silverman Earl D. , Levy Deborah M. 
Published: March 2014

Background/Purpose:Childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematous (cSLE) has a more severe clinical course with higher disease activity and involvement of major organs compared to adult‐onset SLE. Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a significant morbidity causing pain and disability, sometimes requiring joint replacement surgery. Our objective was to examine the frequency and risk factors for symptomatic AVN in cSLE.Methods:A single center matched case‐control design was used. 617 patients with cSLE followed at SickKids Lupus Clinic between July 1982 and June 2013 were included in the study. The AVN cohort consisted of 37 patients identified with clinical findings of symptomatic AVN and diagnosis confirmed by one or more imaging modalities. Three controls were matched to each AVN patient by date and age at diagnosis (± 1 year). Baseline clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics were compared between the patients with AVN and the controls by univariate analyses and if statistically significant, were included in a multivariable logistic regression model.Results:A total of 37/617 (6%) patients developed symptomatic AVN during follow‐up at SickKids. The majority was female (30/37, 81%) and of Asian descent (20/37, 54%). The mean age at diagnosis was 16.1 years (±2.1), with median time to AVN of 1.52 years. Only 2/37 (5%) of patients developed AVN prior to the onset of puberty. The hip was the most commonly involved joint (26/37, 70%) with bilateral involvement in 49% (18/37) of patients. Compared to the matched non‐AVN cohort, patients with AVN had higher incidence of CNS disease (p = 0.003), nephritis (p < 0.001), acute or chronic renal failure (p = 0.029), but less frequent photosensitivity (p = 0.006). Patients with AVN also required greater cumulative prednisone from cSLE diagnosis to AVN (364 ± 53 vs. 232 ± 36 mg/kg, p < 0.001), higher prednisone dose at time of AVN diagnosis (±3 months, 0.30 ± 0.25 vs. 0.19 ± 0.24 mg/kg, p = 0.012), maximal daily prednisone dose (1.25 ± 0.36 vs. 0.71 ± 0.53 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and more frequent use of pulse methylprednisolone therapy (39% vs. 10%, p < 0.001). The median prednisone dose at time of AVN was 0.27 vs. 0.09 mg/kg. Multivariable regression analysis confirmed nephritis, CNS disease, maximal daily prednisone dose and use of pulse methylprednisolone as significant predictors of symptomatic AVN development. Overall disease activity from SLE diagnosis to AVN diagnosis as measured by adjusted mean SLEDAI was not significantly different (6310 ± 976 vs. 4994 ± 440, p = 0.165).Conclusion:cSLE patients with severe organ involvement including nephritis and CNS disease, higher maximal daily dose of prednisone, and more frequent use of pulse methylprednisolone are more likely to develop symptomatic AVN.