bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty‐thousand‐year gap between deglaciation and peat formation on sub‐Antarctic Marion Island attributed to climate and sea level change
Authors: Nel Werner , Hodgson DOMINIC A. , Hedding DAVID W. , Whittle Alex , Rudolph ELIZABETH M. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon dating of basal peats has been a key factor in determining minimum ages for deglaciation on sub‐Antarctic islands. On Marion Island, peat bogs dominate the landscape below 300 m a.s.l., and palynological assessments of peat cores have been used to assess the vegetation history and succession rates as well as the sensitivity of the indigenous flora to climatic change. Initiation of peat on the sub‐Antarctic islands signifies a major landscape change which has previously been linked to the retreat of glaciers. Here we test this hypothesis by comparing previously published and new basal peat ages from Marion Island with cosmogenic isotope dates for deglaciation, and local and regional palaeo‐environmental changes. Results show that, in common with other sub‐Antarctic islands, peat initiation occurred after the Antarctic Cold Reversal (15–13 ka) and through the early Holocene climate optimum. This substantially post‐dates cosmogenic isotope evidence for deglaciation from the basalts which shows that the areas where the peatlands dominate were ice‐free from the start of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 2 (~31 ka). This suggests that environmental conditions controlled peat initiation rather than deglaciation. Regional climatic proxies show that during and after MIS 2, extremely low temperatures, extensive sea ice conditions and depressed sea surface temperatures together with lower sea levels at an island scale could have maintained conditions unfavourable for peat initiation at their current locations. On Marion Island, the significant gap of ~20 000 years between the timing of deglaciation and peat formation indicates that the use of peat basal ages as a proxy for the minimum age of deglaciation in the sub‐Antarctic should be used with extreme caution.
Site Substitution Toward Modified Spectral Behaviors in Ce3+‐Activated Sr4La6(SiO4)6Cl2 Cyan‐Emitting Phosphors for Plant Growth and Full‐Spectrum White Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Guo Yaojin , Wang Yonghao , Lu Yuwen , Luo Laihui , Li Weiping , Du Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSeries of Ce3+‐activated Sr4La6(SiO4)6Cl2 (SLSOC) cyan‐emitting phosphors are designed to satisfy the demands of plant growth and full‐spectrum white‐light diode (white‐LED). Herein, to modify the luminescence behaviors of phosphors, Ce3+ is designed to occupy the different sites in SLSOC host lattices. Excited at 353 nm, the resultant phosphors emit glaring cyan emission originating from Ce3+ with an asymmetric emission band, which is assigned to the two‐site occupation of Ce3+ at Sr2+ or La3+ crystallographic sites. Moreover, the quantum efficiency and thermal quenching performances of synthesized phosphors are also analyzed, which are all dependent on the crystallographic sites taken by Ce3+. Via using the designed phosphors, two cyan‐emitting LEDs are packaged and their emissions are highly overlapped with the absorption spectra of plant pigments, which allow their feasibilities in plant growth. Furthermore, the artificial plant growth experiments are performed to clarify the significant positive influence of the packaged cyan‐emitting LEDs on plant growth. Additionally, via using the prepared cyan‐emitting phosphors to compensate the cyan gap, the full‐spectrum white‐LEDs with high electroluminescence performances are designed. These achievements reveal that the Ce3+‐activated SLSOC phosphors with controllable luminescence properties are promising cyan‐emitting converters for artificial plant growth LED and full‐spectrum white‐LED.
Measuring dielectric properties using microwave separated resonant cavities for different oxidation times in SIC fiber cloth materials
Authors: Qin Lin , Ma Denghao , Gao Chong , Li En , Long Jiawei , Tu Yihang , Gao Yong , Yu Chengyong , Zhang Yunpeng , Cheng Jin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMeasuring silicon carbide (SIC) fibers is a widely used technique in searching for SIC materials with high absorbing properties. Nevertheless, obtaining reasonable electromagnetic properties in most of the existing experimental setups with SIC fiber materials remains difficult. Additionally, being a critical load‐carrying component of composite materials, the properties changing during oxidation conditions would directly impact the practical application of SIC fibers. Aiming at solving such problems, this paper investigates and analyzes the variation of electromagnetic performance under different oxygenation times for SIC fabric cloths (provided by Aerospace 703) and uses separated cylindrical resonant cavities to investigate SIC fiber cloths' electromagnetic properties. Eventually, testing results indicated that the dielectric constant decreases with the increase in oxidation time for SIC fiber cloths. The findings presented here are of guiding significance toward applications of SIC fibers in high temperature conditions.
Exploring the intersections of frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia with malnutrition
Authors: Jensen Gordon L. , Cederholm Tommy 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis review examines our current understanding of consensus definitions for frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia and their perceived overlap with malnutrition. Patients with these syndromes will often meet the criteria for malnutrition. It is common for these overlap syndromes to be misapplied by practitioners, and confusion has been further exacerbated by the lack of a common malnutrition language. To address the latter concern, we recommend using either the standalone Global Leadership Initiative in Malnutrition (GLIM) framework or the GLIM consensus criteria integrated with other accepted approaches as dictated by preference and available resources. Established care standards should guide the recognition and treatment of malnutrition to promote optimal clinical outcomes and quality of life. The effectiveness of nutrition interventions may be reduced in settings of severe acute inflammation and in end‐stage disease that is associated with cachexia. However, such interventions may still assist patients to tolerate treatments that target the underlying etiology for an overlap syndrome, and they may help to improve select clinical outcomes and quality of life. Recent, large, well‐designed randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the compelling positive clinical effects of medical nutrition therapy. The application of concurrent malnutrition risk screening and assessment is therefore a high priority. The necessity to deliver specific interventions that target the underlying mechanisms of these overlap syndromes and also diagnose and address malnutrition is paramount. It must be highlighted that securing beneficial outcomes for frailty, sarcopenia, and cachexia will also require nonnutrition interventions, like comprehensive care plans, pharmacologic agents, and prescribed exercise.
Post‐stroke family resilience is correlated with family functioning among stroke survivors: The mediating role of patient's coping and self‐efficacy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Gao Ya‐Jing , Ye Ming‐Ming , Zhou Lan‐Shu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimFamily resilience and healthy family functioning are crucial for stroke survivors' rehabilitation. This study aimed to determine the mediating effects of self‐efficacy and confrontation coping on the relationship between family resilience and functioning among patients with first‐episode stroke.DesignA cross‐sectional design was applied.Methods288 patients with first‐episode stroke were recruited from 7 hospitals in Shangqiu and Shanghai, China, from July 2020 to October 2020. A shortened Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment Scale, family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection and resolve questionnaire, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, and Self‐efficacy for Chronic Disease 6‐item Scale were used to collect the self‐reported data. The relationships among the studied variables were studied using spearman correlation and structural equation model.ResultsThe average level of family functioning among stroke patients was 7.87 (SD = 2.32). About 26.8% (n = 76) of patients reported family dysfunction. The structural equation model showed that family resilience directly affected patients' satisfaction with family functioning (r = 0.406, p < 0.001) and indirectly affected the mediating role of patients' self‐efficacy and confrontation coping style (r = 0.119, p < 0.001). The model was with good fit (χ2/df = 2.128, RMSEA = 0.065, GFI = 0.956, AGFI = 0.919, NFI = 0.949, and TLI = 0.956).ConclusionFamily resilience and functioning among patients with first‐episode stroke are positively associated with the mediating effects of the patients' confrontation coping style and self‐efficacy between family resilience and functioning. The findings indicate that the professionals should pay special attention to families exhibiting poor family resilience or with patients who rarely use confrontation coping styles or with poor self‐efficacy since they are more likely to suffer from low functioning.
Modification of Hydrotalcite Loading Tannic Acid with Organic Silane and Application in Anticorrosive Epoxy Coating
Authors: Quy Bui Minh , Chinh Nguyen Thuy , Anh Nguyen Thi Kim , Tuyet Vu Thi , Thai Nguyen Xuan , Trung Vu Quoc , Quyen Ngo Thi Cam , Tan Nguyen Ngoc , Hoang Thai 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMetal corrosion is a challenge for the world with heavy impacts on the economy. Study on the development of effectiveness anticorrosion additives is a promising strategery for the protection industry. This research focuses on the modification of hydrotalcite Mg−Al (HT) loading tannic acid (TA) with 3‐(trimethoxy silyl) propyl methacrylate organo‐silane (TMSPM) for applicating as an anti‐corrosion additive for epoxy coating on the steel substrate. The suitable ratio of HT and modifiers was investigated and the suitable content of modified HT in epoxy matrix was found based on mechanical properties of the epoxy‐based coating. The characteristics of modified HT were assessed through infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), water contact angle (WCA), dynamic light scattering (DLS). Detailly, HT‐TA3‐S3 shows good stability in distilled water when HT/TA was modified with TMSPM which makes Zeta potential decreases significantly. Besides, SEM analysis presented HT‐TA‐S has a cylindrical shape about of 500 nm. Moreover, the crystallite size of HT/TA after being modified by TMSPM decreases sharply. All of these prove successfully synthesize HT loading TA with modified TMSPM. Water contact angle (WCA) decreases in case of loading TA and increases in case of modifying with TMSPM (WCA changed from HT (116.3°) to HT‐TA (102.4°) and HT‐TA‐S (120.1°) which indicates the increased hydrophobicity of the sample. The obtained results showed HT/TA was modified successfully with TMSPM. The modification affected the size distribution and surface properties of HT nanoparticles while it did not impact on the crystal structure of HT. After incorporating modified HT/TA into the epoxy coating, the adhesion of coating to steel substrate was improved significantly. Consequently, the adhesion of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating was increased 3 times as compared to epoxy neat (from 0.76 MPa to 2.77 MPa). In addition, the relative hardness and gloss retention of epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA coating reached the maximum values as compared to the others. Owing to salt spraying results, the epoxy/3 wt. % modified HT/TA exhibited an excellent anticorrosion ability for the steel substrate. All the above results show the potential of HT nanoparticles loading TA modified with TMSPM as anticorrosive additives for protective coatings on steel substrates.
Beyond the model minority myth: Student–counselor interactions and college enrollment of Asian American students
Authors: Kim Jungnam , Kim Hyunhee , Woo Hong Ryun , Chen Ching‐Chen , Park Sangmin 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to the model minority myth, scant attention has been given to the college preparation of Asian American (AA) students. Using the national sample of High School Longitudinal Study of 2009–2013, this study examined associations among student–counselor interactions, school connectedness, and college enrollment of AA students. The results of the structural equation modeling indicated that school connectedness fully mediated the association between student–counselor interactions and college enrollment. The findings from the current study suggest that when AA students interact with school counselors in the 9th grade, they tend to feel more connected to their school, which, in turn, leads to increased college enrollment decisions in the 12th grade. Implications for helping professionals in schools are discussed.
An evaluation of digital inclusion response policies for elderly in China
Authors: Zhao Ying , Zhu Boyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDigital inclusion is related to the physical and mental health of the elderly, and the relevant policies formulated by the government have an important impact on it. This article analyzes 69 policies related to digital inclusion of the elderly released by the central government of China. The results of the content analysis show that the current policies generally attach importance to the service and building of digital inclusion for the elderly, and gradually shift the policy focus to aging adaptation, smart device use, and learning guidance. The evaluation results using a policy modeling consistency index (PMC‐Index) indicate that the quality of the current Chinese government's policies to help the digital inclusion of the elderly is generally high. However, PMC‐Surface shows that there is still considerable variability in the scores of the main‐indicators for each policy. The evaluation results suggest that we can still improve the effectiveness of policies by expanding the scope of policy audiences, establishing good policy timeliness planning, and enriching policy contents, so as to effectively help the elderly integrate into the current rapidly developing digital society.
Determination of a vancomycin nephrotoxicity threshold and assessment of target attainment in hematology patients
Authors: Wong Sherilyn , Selby Philip R. , Reuter Stephanie E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAn area‐under‐the‐curve (AUC24)‐based approach is recommended to guide vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), yet trough concentrations are still commonly used despite associated risks. A definitive toxicity target is lacking, which is important for hematology patients who have a higher risk of nephrotoxicity. The aims were to (1) assess the impact of trough‐based TDM on acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence, (2) establish a vancomycin nephrotoxicity threshold, and (3) evaluate the proportion of hematology patients achieving vancomycin therapeutic targets. Retrospective data was collected from 100 adult patients with a hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia who received vancomycin between April 2020 and January 2021. AKI occurrence was determined based on serum creatinine concentrations, and individual pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a Bayesian approach. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the ability of pharmacokinetic indices to predict AKI occurrence. The proportion of patients who achieved target vancomycin exposure was evaluated based on an AUC24/MIC ≥400 and the determined toxicity threshold. The incidence of AKI was 37%. ROC curve analysis indicated a maximum AUC24 of 644 mg.h/L over the treatment period was an important predictor of AKI. By Day 4 of treatment, 29% of treatment courses had supratherapeutic vancomycin exposure, with only 62% of courses achieving AUC24 targets. The identified toxicity threshold supports an AUC24 target range of 400–650 mg.h/L, assuming an MIC of 1 mg/L, to optimize vancomycin efficacy and minimize toxicity. This study highlights high rates of AKI in this population and emphasizes the importance of transitioning from trough‐based TDM to an AUC‐based approach to improve clinical outcomes.
Identification of a biomarker for Bacillus thuringiensis strains with high toxicity against Spodoptera frugiperda based on insecticidal gene linkage analysis
Authors: Xu Guoli , Wang Zeyu , Bai Yuqi , Crickmore Neil , Wang Kui , Hassen Ahmed Idris , Geng Lili , Shu Changlong , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram‐positive bacterium that produces various insecticidal proteins used to control insect pests. Spodoptera frugiperda is a global insect pest which causes serious damage to crops, but bio‐insecticides currently available to control this pest have limited activity and so new ones are always being sought. In this study we have tested the hypothesis that a biomarker for strain toxicity could be found that would greatly facilitate the identification of new potential products.RESULTSUsing genomic sequencing data we constructed a linkage network of insecticidal genes from 1957 Bt genomes and found that four gene families, namely cry1A, cry1I, cry2A and vip3A, showed strong linkage. For 95 strains isolated from soil samples we assayed them for toxicity towards S. frugiperda and for the presence of the above gene families. All of the strains that showed high toxicity also contained a member of the vip3A gene family. Two of them were more toxic than a commercially available strain and genomic sequencing identified a number of potentially novel toxin‐encoding genes.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of a vip3A gene in the genome of a Bt strain proved to be a strong indicator of toxicity towards S. frugiperda validating this biomarker approach as a strategy for future discovery programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Role of varicocele repair in the era of assisted reproductive technologies: Lessons from 2000 cases of microsurgical varicocele repair
Authors: Shiraishi Koji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundsIn an era of advanced maternal age, there is less conclusive evidence regarding the treatment outcomes of varicocele repair for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Progress in basic research on varicocele is notable whereas there are many clinically relevant points to discuss.MethodsBased on our experience with more than 2000 cases of microsurgical varicocele repair, we focused on the effectiveness of varicocele repair, pathophysiology, surgical approaches, contributions to ART, sperm DNA fragmentation, and varicocele‐associated azoospermia in this review with the aim of identifying clearer directions for basic and clinical research on varicocele.ResultsMicrosurgical low ligation for varicocele repair is expected to remain the gold standard for surgical therapy. Based on the findings from a number of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses, negative opinions regarding the efficacy of microsurgical varicocele repair in male infertility treatment have become virtually nonexistent. However, the majority of evidence regarding surgical indications and effectiveness pertains to improvements in semen parameters or non‐ART pregnancy rates.ConclusionsFurther understandings regarding to pathophysiology of varicocele will likely be gained through comprehensive genetic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic analyses using blood and testicular samples from humans and we hope to develop new diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy.
Alignment of the 2030 Agenda to the port industry
Authors: Tremblay David , Villeneuve Claude , Faubert Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe United Nations' 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2030 Agenda) serves as a global framework for addressing sustainability challenges. The port industry (PI) plays a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a vital component of the global economy and supply chains. This research paper addresses the alignment between the PI and the 2030 Agenda. The study aims to bridge the research gap by exploring the extent to which the PI aligns with the SDGs and proposes a framework for implementation. Through an analysis of literature, this study identifies the relevant SDG targets for the PI. The original wordings of the relevant targets were adapted to make them meaningful to the PI. The adapted targets were validated by eight Canadian Port authorities to ensure their relevance and clarity. The alignment resulted in the identification of 69 targets, representing all 17 SDGs.
Bio‐Inspired Fluorescent Calcium Sulfate for the Conservation of Gypsum Plasterwork
Authors: Burgos‐Ruiz Miguel , Ilett Martha , Roncal‐Herrero Teresa , Elert Kerstin , Rubio‐Domene Ramon , Ruiz‐Agudo Encarnacion , Rodriguez‐Navarro Carlos 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, the potential of bio‐inspired strategies for the synthesis of calcium sulfate (CaSO4·nH2O) materials for heritage conservation is explored. For this, a nonclassical multi‐step crystallization mechanism to understand the effect of calcein– a fluorescent chelating agent with a high affinity for divalent cations— on the nucleation and growth of calcium sulfate phases is proposed. Moving from the nano‐ to the macro‐scale, this strategy sets the basis for the design and production of fluorescent nano‐bassanite (NB‐C; CaSO4·0.5H2O), with application as a fully compatible consolidant for the conservation of historic plasterwork. Once applied to gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) plaster specimens, cementation upon hydration of nano‐bassanite results in a significant increase in mechanical strength, while intracrystalline occlusion of calcein in newly‐formed gypsum cement improves its weathering resistance. Furthermore, under UV irradiation, the luminescence produced by calcein molecules occluded in gypsum crystals formed upon nano‐bassanite hydration allows the easy identification of the newly deposited consolidant within the treated gypsum plaster without altering the substrate's appearance.
Zincophilic Nanospheres Assembled as Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase on Zn Metal Anodes for Reversible High‐rate Zn‐Ion Storage
Authors: Shao Hua , Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhou Yurong , Zhang Tianqi , Wang Xiaobo , Jiao Binglei , Xiao Wenxin , Feng Wei , Wang Xiaona , Di Jiangtao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices in the post‐lithium‐ion era with fast ionic conductivity, safety, and low cost. However, excessive accumulation of zinc dendrites will fracture and produce dead zinc, resulting in the unsatisfied utilization rate of Zn anodes, which greatly restricts the lifespan of the battery and reduces the reversibility. In this paper, by constructing a protective layer of ZnSnO3 hollow nanospheres in situ growth on the surface of the Zn anode, more zincophilic sites are established on the electrode surface. It demonstrates that uniform deposition of Zn ions by deepening the binding energy with Zn ion and its unique hollow structure shortens the diffusion distance of Zn ions and enhances the reaction kinetics. The assembled Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHSC) of ZnSnO3@Zn//AC achieved a long‐term lifespan with 4000 cycles at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Coulombic efficiency of 99.31% and capacity retention of 79.6%. This work offers a new path for advanced Zn anodes interphase supporting the long cycle life with large capacities and improving electrochemical reversibility.