bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacing home visits with telephone calls to support parents implementing a sleep management intervention: findings from a pilot study and implications for future research
Authors: Stuttard L. , Clarke S. , Thomas M. , Beresford B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundResource constraints may inhibit the provision of appropriate interventions for children with neurodisabilities presenting with behavioural sleep problems. Telephone calls (TC), as opposed to home visits (HV), may be a more resource efficient means of supporting these families.ObjectiveTo conduct a preliminary investigation exploring the feasibility and acceptability of replacing HV with TC to support parents implementing sleep management strategies and to gather evidence to inform the design and methods of a full trial.MethodsParents referred to a sleep management intervention routinely delivered by a community paediatric team were alternately allocated to receive implementation support via HV (n = 7) or TC (n = 8). Activity logs recorded the frequency, duration and mode of support. Parents and practitioners were interviewed about their experiences of receiving/delivering the intervention.ResultsIntervention drop‐out was low, the frequency, number of contacts and intervention duration appeared comparable. Parents allocated TC received less contact time. Parents valued implementation support irrespective of delivery mode and practitioners reported that despite initial reservations, implementation support via TC appeared to work well.ConclusionsTC appears an acceptable and convenient mode of delivering sleep support, valued by both parents and practitioners. We recommend a full‐scale trial to investigate effectiveness.
Making Sense of Dynamic Systems: How Our Understanding of Stocks and Flows Depends on a Global Perspective
Authors: Fischer Helen , Gonzalez Cleotilde 
Published: April 2015

AbstractStocks and flows (SF) are building blocks of dynamic systems: Stocks change through inflows and outflows, such as our bank balance changing with withdrawals and deposits, or atmospheric CO2 with absorptions and emissions. However, people make systematic errors when trying to infer the behavior of dynamic systems, termed SF failure, whose cognitive explanations are yet unknown. We argue that SF failure appears when people focus on specific system elements (local processing), rather than on the system structure and gestalt (global processing). Using a standard SF task (n = 148), SF failure decreased by (a) a global as opposed to local task format; (b) individual global as opposed to local processing styles; and (c) global as opposed to local perceptual priming. These results converge toward local processing as an explanation for SF failure. We discuss theoretical and practical implications on the connections between the scope of attention and understanding of dynamic systems.
Real Time Three‐Dimensional Echocardiographic Evaluations of Fetal Left Ventricular Stroke Volume, Mass, and Myocardial Strain: In Vitro and In Vivo Experimental Study
Authors: Zhu Meihua , Ashraf Muhammad , Zhang Zhijun , Streiff Cole , Shimada Eriko , Kimura Sumito , Schaller Traci , Song Xubo , Sahn David J. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundLeft ventricular stroke volume, mass, and myocardial strain are valuable indicators of fetal heart function. This study investigated the feasibility of nongated real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) to determine fetal stroke volume (SV), left ventricular mass (LVM), and myocardial strain under different conditions.MethodsTo evaluate fetal hearts, fetal‐sized rabbit hearts were used in this study. The in vitro portion of this study was carried out using a balloon inserted into the LV of eight fresh rabbit hearts and driven by a calibrated pulsatile pump. RT3DE volumes were obtained at various pump‐set SVs. The in vivo experiments in this study were performed on open‐chest rabbits. RT3DE volumes were acquired at the following conditions: baseline, simulated hypervolemia, inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation, and ascending aorta (AAO) ligation. Displacement values and sonomicrometry data were used as references for RT3DE‐derived SV, LVM, longitudinal strain (LS), and circumferential strain (CS).ResultsExcellent correlations between RT3DE‐derived values and reference values were demonstrated and accompanied by high coefficients of determination (R2) for both in vitro and in vivo studies for SV, LVM, LS, and CS (in vitro: SV: R2 = 0.98; LVM: R2 = 0.97; LS: R2 = 0.87, CS: R2 = 0.80; in vivo: SV: R2 = 0.92; LVM: R2 = 0.98; LS: in vivo: R2 = 0.84; CS: in vivo: R2 = 0.76; all P < 0.05).ConclusionsRT3DE is capable of quantifying the SV, LVM, and myocardial strain of fetal‐sized hearts under different conditions. This nongated RT3DE may aid the evaluation of fetal cardiac function, providing a superior understanding of the progress of fetal heart disorders.
Are overweight/obese children at risk of traumatic dental injuries? A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Corrêa‐Faria Patrícia , Petti Stefano 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground/aimObservational studies which investigated the association between overweight/obesity and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) reported contrasting results. Thus, this meta‐analysis was designed to investigate such an association with the highest possible levels of internal and external validities.Material and methodsA comprehensive literature search was performed through PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Google scholar to ensure generalizability. Eligible studies reported clear case and control definitions, exposure assessment. Where possible, odds ratio (OR) adjusted for covariates was extracted. Study quality was assessed through Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Only fair‐to‐good quality studies with NOS scores ≥4 were selected. The method to assess the pooled OR was based on the level of between‐study heterogeneity, estimated through the Cochran's Q. Reliability of the pooled OR was improved by controlling for publication bias, sensitivity analysis to study inclusion, and subgroup analyses according to tooth type (permanent vs primary teeth) and country where the study was performed (Brazilian studies vs studies from other countries).ResultsSeventeen studies were selected from America, Asia, and Europe, their NOS scores ranged between 4 and 8. Overall, there were almost 28 000 patients, 7400 of them with TDI. The level of publication bias was minimal, and no adjustment was necessary. Between‐study heterogeneity was high, and the random‐effects method was used to assess the pooled OR, which resulted 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.53; P < 0.05). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses corroborated this estimate.ConclusionThe choice to increase internal and external validity levels decreased the precision of the pooled OR (i.e., confidence intervals were relatively wide). The statistically significant overweight/obesity‐TDI association, together with the so‐called counterfactual condition (i.e., TDI prevalence was higher among overweight/obese children than among lean children), suggests that causal association between these two conditions is plausible.
Fibroblasts support migration of monocyte‐derived dendritic cells by secretion of PGE2 and MMP‐1
Authors: Saalbach Anja , Janik Tobias , Busch Matthias , Herbert Diana , Anderegg Ulf , Simon Jan C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe outcome of a cutaneous immune response is critically dependent upon the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to migrate from skin to the draining lymph nodes – a process that is influenced by the cutaneous tissue microenvironment. Here, the role of fibroblasts – a major component of the dermal microenvironment – on the migratory capacity of monocyte‐derived DC (MoDC) was investigated in a 3D collagen I matrix. Indeed, dermal fibroblasts supported the migration of pre‐activated MoDC through a 3D collagen I matrix. Activation of human MoDC resulted in the release of TNFα and IL‐1β that in turn stimulated MMP‐1 (human collagenase) and PGE2 secretion by human dermal fibroblasts. Transmigration assays confirmed the importance of fibroblast‐derived MMP‐1 and PGE2 for the migration of MoDC through a 3D collagen I matrix. Finally, in mice initiation of inflammation by induction of an irritant contact dermatitis or a psoriasis‐like skin inflammation, the expression of the PGE2 generating cox‐2 and the mouse collagen I degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐13 was strongly up‐regulated. Our study indicates that MoDC are able to instruct dermal fibroblasts resulting in enhanced migratory capability of MoDC, thus highlighting the role of a crosstalk of DC with their stromal microenvironment for the control of cutaneous immune responses.
Quantitative hopanoid analysis enables robust pattern detection and comparison between laboratories
Authors: Wu C.‐H. , Kong L. , Bialecka‐Fornal M. , Park S. , Thompson A. L. , Kulkarni G. , Conway S. J. , Newman D. K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHopanoids are steroid‐like lipids from the isoprenoid family that are produced primarily by bacteria. Hopanes, molecular fossils of hopanoids, offer the potential to provide insight into environmental transitions on the early Earth, if their sources and biological functions can be constrained. Semiquantitative methods for mass spectrometric analysis of hopanoids from cultures and environmental samples have been developed in the last two decades. However, the structural diversity of hopanoids, and possible variability in their ionization efficiencies on different instruments, have thus far precluded robust quantification and hindered comparison of results between laboratories. These ionization inconsistencies give rise to the need to calibrate individual instruments with purified hopanoids to reliably quantify hopanoids. Here, we present new approaches to obtain both purified and synthetic quantification standards. We optimized 2‐methylhopanoid production in Rhodopseudomonas palustris TIE‐1 and purified 2Me‐diplopterol, 2Me‐bacteriohopanetetrol (2Me‐BHT), and their unmethylated species (diplopterol and BHT). We found that 2‐methylation decreases the signal intensity of diplopterol between 2 and 34% depending on the instrument used to detect it, but decreases the BHT signal less than 5%. In addition, 2Me‐diplopterol produces 10× higher ion counts than equivalent quantities of 2Me‐BHT. Similar deviations were also observed using a flame ionization detector for signal quantification in GC. In LC‐MS, however, 2Me‐BHT produces 11× higher ion counts than 2Me‐diplopterol but only 1.2× higher ion counts than the sterol standard pregnane acetate. To further improve quantification, we synthesized tetradeuterated (D4) diplopterol, a precursor for a variety of hopanoids. LC‐MS analysis on a mixture of (D4)‐diplopterol and phospholipids showed that under the influence of co‐eluted phospholipids, the D4‐diplopterol internal standard quantifies diplopterol more accurately than external diplopterol standards. These new quantitative approaches permit meaningful comparisons between studies, allowing more accurate hopanoid pattern detection in both laboratory and environmental samples.
Impact of dental caries and its treatment on the quality of life of 12‐ to 15‐year‐old adolescents in Benin, Nigeria
Authors: Chukwumah Nneka M. , Folayan Morenike O. , Oziegbe Elizabeth O. , Umweni Alice A. 
Published: April 2015

AimTo assess the impact of caries and its treatment on quality of life (QoL) in 12‐ to 15‐year‐old children in Benin, Nigeria.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study involving 1790 children. Clinical examinations were conducted using the WHO criteria for diagnosis and coding of caries. The Decayed Missing Filled Teeth score of each child was calculated. The child Oral Impact on Daily Performance questionnaire was used to assess the QoL of children with caries pre‐ and post‐treatment. Associations between age, sex, and socio‐economic status and caries were analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe prevalence of caries in the study population was 21.9%. Approximately 57% of children with caries reported negative impact on their QoL pre‐treatment. Eating (47.6%) was the most affected domain. The mean pre‐treatment QoL score was 8.40 ± 10.34. Four weeks post‐treatment, only 1.12% of participants reported negative impact of caries treatment on their QoL. The mean post‐treatment QoL score was 0.22 ± 0.91 There was a significant difference between pre‐ and post‐treatment QoL scores (P = 0.0001) with significant changes in all the eight domains studied. Age, sex, and socio‐economic status had no significant impact on QoL pre‐ and post‐treatment.ConclusionsCaries had a significant impact on the QoL of adolescents. Its treatment resulted in marked improvement in QoL.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHOTOTOXICITY OF CHEMICALS
Authors: Kobayashi Fujio , Wada Yasushi , Mizuno Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn attempt was made to establish in vitro and in vivo methods for screening phototoxic compounds. For an in vitro system, light dose‐survival curves of Escherichia coli were obtained. 8‐Methoxypsoralen (8‐MOP), bithionol (BT), 3,3′,4′,5‐tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA), and 3,4′,5‐tribromosalicylanilide (TBS) showed photokilling activity against E. coli, whereas hexachlorophene (HEX), trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), and irgasan CF3 were photoinactive. Above a certain critical dose of ultraviolet radiation, E. coli treated with TCSA or TBS exhibited some recovery from phototoxic effects. For an in vivo system, median erythema dose, rather than minimal erythema dose, was determined for guinea pig skin. 8‐MOP, BT and TCSA proved to be phototoxic in both the in vivo and in vitro systems, but in vivo phototoxicity was not shown by HEX, TCC, irgasan CF3, and TBS, thus demonstrating a difference in TBS phototoxicity according to the system used.
THE PHARMACOLOGY OF ISOLATED CUTANEOUS VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE*
Authors: Winkelmann Richard K. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTHuman and dog and rabbit skin blood vessel strips give contractile responses to catecholamines, serotonin, and angiotensin II. Alpha receptors for catecholamine can be demonstrated. Species and organ variations occur in the small vessel tissue response to bradykinin (dog), histamine (rabbit) and acetylcholine (lung). A prostaglandin‐contractile activity could be demonstrated on cutaneous vessels. This activity was most marked in dog paw vessels and rarely occurred in human skin. Potentiation of catecholamine by prostaglandin E‐, A‐ and F‐ contractions could be demonstrated. The prostaglandin receptor was not blocked by alpha or beta blocking agents. The prostaglandin response was related to calcium concentration and was unrelated to exogenous or endogenous cyclic AMP.
PERIORAL DERMATITIS
Authors: Sato Hideya , Ishikawa Hidekazu 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFour patients with perioral dermatitis are reported. They are the first cases reported in Japan. All had had topical applications of fluorinated corticosteroids, and application of a non‐fluorinated hydrocortisone ointment on one case was followed by an exacerbation. Oral administration of tetracycline was accompanied by improvement in all four cases.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL, AND MYCOLOGICAL STUDY OF HUMAN RINGWORM DUE TO TRICHOPHYTON VERRUCOSUM IN JAPAN
Authors: Takahashi Shin‐Ya , Makino Yoshio , Fukushi Gyo , Kasai Tatsuya , Sato Masako 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEpidemiological, clinical, and mycological studies based on a total of fifty‐eight cases of human ringworm caused by Trichophyton verrucosum were made. They consisted of thirty‐nine epidemically occurring cases in the Tono area of Iwate prefecture in 1962 and nineteen cases occurring sporadically in Miyagi and Yamagata prefectures from 1970 through 1973. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The majority of the patients were farm workers or their family members, who had opportunity for direct contact with infected cattle. 2) The infection was most frequent during the winter months. 3) Familial occurrence was noted in twenty‐six members of eleven families. 4) The most commonly affected sites were the exposed areas of the body, particularly the forearm of an adult and the face of a child. 5) The clinical features of the lesions were classified into the following six types: agminate folliculitis, tinea circinata, kerion celsi, sycosis trichophytica, granuloma trichophyticum Majocchi, and a hyperkeratotic form of tinea manum which may be previously unreported. 6) In general, lesions showed a marked inflammation with intense erythema, edema, and pustule formation, and without central clearing. 7) The causative organism easily invades the hair follicle, so that a deep‐seated lesion may not be uncommon. 8) On comparative studies, the brain heart infusion agar (Difco) containing dextrose, peptone, thiamine HCl and antibiotics was found to be adequate for the isolation and the identification of Trichophyton verrucosum. 9) The fungus grew more easily at 37 °C than at room temperature (25 °C), and growth was inhibited by the addition of actidione. 10) The lesions of the agminate folliculitis type and of the hairy parts should be treated orally with griseofulvin because of a possible aggravation due to topical medication.Outside of the Tohoku district of Japan a total of thirty‐eight cases have been observed in Hokkaido from 1967 to 1972 and four cases were seen in southwestern Japan in two recent years.
CLINICAL EVALUATION OF AL‐TEST PATCH TEST*
Authors: Hayakawa Ritsuko , Kobayashi Mie , Ueda Hiroshi , Morikawa Fujio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTo study the use of the Al‐test patch test units in Japan, Al‐test plaster was tested on 57 patients using 888 units and a skin reaction was seen under the aluminum foil section on 32 patients (179 unit, 20.15%). This is less than the irritation frequency of 34–65% reported when using Torii's test plaster and more than seen with our lint cloth and Blenderm patch test unit. In those cases having no reaction to the aluminum foil section, any positive reaction of the allergen was clear and easily recognizable. The probability of a false positive reaction due to skin irritation under the aluminum foil section when using Al‐test plaster in the summer in Japan, which has a comparatively higher humidity than Europe and the USA, was reported.
A CASE OF WEBER‐CHRISTIAN DISEASE SUGGESTING CELLULAR IMMUNO‐DEFICIENCY
Authors: Kaneko Fumio , Ito Shunsuke , Nagai Morihito 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWeber‐Christian disease in a 25‐year‐old female was reported. She had recurrent erythematous nodules on the trunk and extremities, with fever, and microscopic examination of the nodules showed panniculitis due to lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltration and necrotizing angiitis.Studies of the peripheral blood showed marked anemia, leucopenia, and especially lymphocytopenia. There was a marked susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. An increase of serum immunoglobulin level, a marked lymphocytopenia, a rather low percentage of lymphocytes transformed by PHA, and a reversion of the tuberculin reaction from positive to negative were found. She could not be sensitized by DNCB. These findings suggest a deficiency of cellular immunity and it is believed that these immunological abnormalities might be related to the etiology and pathogenesis of Weber‐Christian disease.
PLANTAR MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Authors: Seiji Makoto , Takahashi Masaaki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA case of a 51 year old man with a plantar malignant melanoma is reported. The tumor had clinical and histologic features of lentigo maligna melanoma, but its biologic activity was that of a more potently malignant tumor. Electron microscopic observation reveales features similar to that of lentigo maligna melanoma, but not inconsistent with that of superficial spreading melanoma.A consideration of our case and of previous reports suggests that there is a relationship between the biologic potency and the site of involvement of lentigo maligna melanoma and that such lesions on relatively non‐pigmented areas such as the palms, soles, mucous membranes, and nail beds should be treated as having a highly malignant potential.
LYMPHOCYTE TRANSFORMATION USING STREPTOCOCCAL ANTIGENS AND SERUM ANTISTREPTOKINASE TITERS IN BEHÇET DISEASE
Authors: Yamada Mizuho , Fujimoto Fumio , Uragami Kozo , Yanase Keiko 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe etiology of Behçet disease is still unknown. Some investigators have suggested that streptococci may play a role in the pathogenesis of Behçet disease. High antistreptolysin‐O (ASLO) and antistreptokinase (ASK) titers were not detected in out‐patients with Behçet disease. In our studies a considerably high percentage of blast cells was observed in lymphocyte transformation tests using streptolysin‐O antigen, streptokinase‐streptodornase (Varidase), Streptococcus nonhemolyticus, Streptococcus viridans, and Streptococcus pyogenes as the antigens in the cases of Behçet disease. Serum ASLO and ASK titers did not indicate significant relations among these results. The percentage of blast cells in the studies was not high in any case of Behçet disease, but it seemed that a cell‐mediated immune reaction to streptococci might play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
EFFECT OF HOT SPRING WATERS ON THE GROWTH OF TRICHOPHYTON MENTAGROPHYTES AND TRICHOPHYTON RUBRUM
Authors: Furuya Hideki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of hot spring waters in Beppu City on the in vitro growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum was studied. The two dermatophytes had the following in common:

Thermal waters containing hydrogen sulfide exerted inhibitory effect, and waters containing little or no hydrogen sulfide showed stimulation.
Antifungal activity was increased by heat application and was decreased by addition of horse serum.
It was found that growth‐inhibiting factors were hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur and that growth‐stimulating factors were potassium ion, calcium ion, iron ion, and manganese ion.
The coexistence of different ions or salts also exerted stimulatory or inhibitory effect according to the way in which they were combined.
Specific activities of thermal waters, i.e., fervorization or aging, exerted no influence on the growth.
CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES*
Authors: Kinoshita Masako , Kawada Akihiro 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe immunologic status of patients with mycosis fungoides in various stages was studied by testing skin reaction to PPD, by sensitization with topical application of 2,4 dinitrochlorbenzene, and by in vitro lymphocyte transformation test with PHA. Skin reaction to PPD was depressed in 7 of 8 patients and sensitization to dinitrochlorbenzene was impaired in 6 of 8 patients. In PHA‐induced lymphocyte transformation, when autologous serum was added to the culture medium, the transformation rate was below normal in 7 of 8 patients. When autologous serum was replaced by normal serum, the rate was usally improved and, in 3 patients, recovered to normal range. However, in the remaining 4 patients of whom 3 were at the infiltrative plaque stage, the rate was still below normal (21.5–36.6%). It is suggested that at least in 3 patients there was a serum factor which lymphocyte transformation by PHA. In 2 patients with poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare and parapsoriasis en plaques, no influence of serum was noted.
TREATMENT OF CHROMOMYCOSIS WITH 5‐FLUOROCYTOSINE
Authors: Kusunoki Toshio , Tashiro Hirotsugu , Tanaka Michio , Ueda Tokishi , Harada Seiichi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThree cases of chromomycosis caused by Fonsecaea pedrosoi were treated by oral administration of 5‐fluorocytosine. Complete cure was achieved in 2 cases which had been symptomatically mild, while the third, with a long history, was not completely cured although it showed a transient improvement of clinical symptoms. No side effects were observed in all 3 cases during the treatment period.