bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nine years of patch testing with isocyanates in a clinic of occupational dermatology
Authors: Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Pesonen Maria , Suomela Sari , Suuronen Katri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIsocyanates are used as starting materials of polyurethane (PU) products. They are relatively important occupational skin sensitizers.ObjectivesTo analyse results of a large isocyanate patch test series of 19 isocyanate test substances and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA), a marker of 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) hypersensitivity.MethodsTest files were screened for positive reactions in the isocyanate series. Patients with positive reactions were analysed for occupation, exposure and diagnosis.ResultsIn 2010–2019, 53 patients had positive reactions in the series (16% of 338 patients tested). MDA, the well‐established screening substance for MDI allergy, was positive in 30 patients, an in‐house monomeric MDI test substance in 23 patients and 3 different polymeric MDI test substances in 19–21 patients. We diagnosed 16 cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) from MDI including 3 pipe reliners. Hexamethylene‐1,6‐diisocyanate (HDI) oligomers in paint hardeners caused 5 cases of OACD, more cases than 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI; n = 3) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI; n = 1) put together.ConclusionsIn contrast to previous studies, polymeric MDI test substances were not superior to a monomeric MDI. Pipe reliners may get sensitised not only by epoxy products and acrylates but also by MDI in hardeners of PU pipe coatings. HDI oligomers were the second most important causes of OACD after MDI.
Single‐cell sequencing: Current applications in various tuberculosis specimen types
Authors: Zeng Yuqin , Ma Quan , Chen Jinyun , Kong Xingxing , Chen Zhanpeng , Liu Huazhen , Liu Lanlan , Qian Yan , Wang Xiaomin , Lu Shuihua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and responsible for millions of deaths worldwide each year. It has a complex pathogenesis that primarily affects the lungs but can also impact systemic organs. In recent years, single‐cell sequencing technology has been utilized to characterize the composition and proportion of immune cell subpopulations associated with the pathogenesis of TB disease since it has a high resolution that surpasses conventional techniques. This paper reviews the current use of single‐cell sequencing technologies in TB research and their application in analysing specimens from various sources of TB, primarily peripheral blood and lung specimens. The focus is on how these technologies can reveal dynamic changes in immune cell subpopulations, genes and proteins during disease progression after M.tb infection. Based on the current findings, single‐cell sequencing has significant potential clinical value in the field of TB research. Next, we will focus on the real‐world applications of the potential targets identified through single‐cell sequencing for diagnostics, therapeutics and the development of effective vaccines.
Abnormal HCK/glutamine/autophagy axis promotes endometriosis development by impairing macrophage phagocytosis
Authors: Lei Sha‐Ting , Lai Zhen‐Zhen , Hou Shu‐Hui , Liu Yu‐Kai , Li Ming‐Qing , Zhao Dong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe presence of extensive infiltrated macrophages with impaired phagocytosis is widely recognised as a significant regulator for the development of endometriosis (EMs). Nevertheless, the metabolic characteristics and the fundamental mechanism of impaired macrophage phagocytosis are yet to be clarified. Here, we observe that there is the decreased expression of haematopoietic cellular kinase (HCK) in macrophage of peritoneal fluid from EMs patients, which might be attributed to high oestrogen and hypoxia condition. Of note, HCK deficiency resulted in impaired macrophage phagocytosis, and increased number and weight of ectopic lesions in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this process was mediated via regulation of glutamine metabolism, and further upregulation of macrophage autophagy in a c‐FOS/c‐JUN dependent manner. Additionally, macrophages of EMs patients displayed insufficient HCK, excessive autophagy and phagocytosis dysfunction. In therapeutic studies, supplementation with glutamine‐pre‐treated macrophage or Bafilomycin A1 (an autophagy inhibitor)‐pre‐treated macrophage leads to the induction of macrophage phagocytosis and suppression of EMs development. This observation reveals that the aberrant HCK‐glutamine‐autophagy axis results in phagocytosis obstacle of macrophage and further increase the development risk of Ems. Additionally, it offers potential therapeutic approaches to prevent EMs, especially patients with insufficient HCK and macrophage phagocytosis dysfunction.
Perioperative pain perception in patients undergoing dermatologic surgery with local anesthesia – A prospective observational study
Authors: Volberg Christian , Gschnell Martin , Eubel Verena , Föhr Julia , Schubert Ann‐Kristin , Pfützner Wolfgang 
Published: July 2024

SummaryBackgroundDermatosurgical procedures are predominantly performed under local anesthesia, yet there are few studies on perioperative pain management for extensive or staged procedures under local anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to assess pain during dermatologic surgery, describe perioperative pain management, and identify factors that influence pain perception.Patients and methodsThis prospective, monocentric study included inpatients undergoing dermatologic surgery under local anesthesia from April to December 2021. Preoperative demographic data, a pain questionnaire, and four psychometric questionnaires (PCS, LOT‐R, SFQ, PHQ‐9) were collected. Postoperative pain and analgesic use during the first 24 hours were recorded.ResultsA total of 120 patients (with a total of 191 interventions) were included in the study. Mean postoperative pain was reported to be very low (NRS < 2). Preoperative pain and expected postoperative pain were found to be predictive of postoperative pain. There was a strong correlation between catastrophizing and preoperative anxiety (r = 0.65) and a moderate correlation between depression and preoperative anxiety (r = 0.46).ConclusionsDermatologic surgery under local anesthesia is generally considered painless. During preoperative counseling and assessment, attention should be paid to patients who fear surgery, report pain, or anticipate postoperative pain, as they have an increased risk of experiencing postoperative pain.
The effects of intermittent fasting on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khalafi Mousa , Habibi Maleki Aref , Symonds Michael E. , Rosenkranz Sara K. , Rohani Hadi , Ehsanifar Mahsa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo perform a meta‐analysis to investigate the effects of intermittent fasting (IF), as compared with either a control diet (CON) and/or calorie restriction (CR), on body composition and cardiometabolic health in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from their inception to March 2024 to identify original randomized trials with parallel or crossover designs that studied the effects of IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects models.ResultsOverall, 14 studies involving 1101 adults with prediabetes or T2D were included in the meta‐analysis. IF decreased body weight (WMD −4.56 kg [95% CI −6.23 to −2.83]; p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; WMD −1.99 kg.m2 [95% CI −2.74 to −1.23]; p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; WMD −0.81% [95% CI −1.24 to −0.38]; p = 0.001), fasting glucose (WMD −0.36 mmol/L [95% CI −0.63 to −0.09]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (WMD −0.31 mmol/L [95% CI −0.60 to −0.02]; p = 0.03) and triglycerides (WMD −0.14 mmol/L [95% CI −0.27 to −0.01]; p = 0.02), but did not significantly decrease fat mass, insulin, low‐densitiy lipoprotein, high‐density lipoprotein, or blood pressure as compared with CON. Furthermore, IF decreased body weight (WMD −1.14 kg [95% CI −1.69 to −0.60]; p = 0.001) and BMI (WMD −0.43 kg.m2 [95% CI −0.58 to −0.27]; p = 0.001), but did not significantly affect fat mass, lean body mass, visceral fat, insulin, HbA1c, lipid profiles or blood pressure.ConclusionIntermittent fasting is effective for weight loss and specific cardiometabolic health markers in individuals with prediabetes or T2D. Additionally, IF is associated with a reduction in body weight and BMI compared to CR, without effects on glycaemic markers, lipid profiles or blood pressure.
Causes and consequences of microbiome formation in mosquito larvae
Authors: Schwing Cameron D. , Holmes Christopher J. , Muturi Ephantus J. , Dunlap Christopher , Holmes Jessica R. , Cáceres Carla E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The assembly of host‐associated microbial communities is influenced by multiple factors, but the effect of microbiomes on host phenotypes is often not well understood. To address questions of food‐web effects on host microbiome assembly, we manipulated the resource environment (grass only [G] vs. grass + nutrients [GN]), competition type (intra‐ vs. inter‐specific) and density (high vs. low) for Culex restuans mosquito larvae. We predicted the microbial communities in fourth‐instar larvae would differ between these environmental treatments and that these treatments would translate into differences in the adult phenotype.
Resource environment and density influenced the larval microbiome. In addition, the larval microbiome exhibited notable differences compared to the free‐living microbial communities.
Resource‐driven differences in the larval samples can be attributed to Arcobacteraceae being more abundant in larvae reared in the GN treatments relative to those reared in the G treatments and Comamonadaceae being more abundant in the G treatment. Although significant, the difference in community structure between density treatments was difficult to discern. This appears to be driven by Weeksellaceae only being abundant in the high‐density, interspecific, GN treatment.
Rearing larvae to adulthood under severe food limitation resulted in low survival (<25%) in both resource environments. Approximately 60% of survivors to adulthood were male. Larvae reared in the intraspecific, G treatment had the shortest development time to adulthood and emerged as the smallest adults.
These results demonstrate how environmental variation can significantly alter the alpha and beta diversity of free‐living microbes, which in turn can significantly affect host phenotype and critical life history traits, such as development time, size at adulthood, and survival. These findings highlight the importance of considering environmental influences on microbiome diversity to understand and predict host outcomes, offering valuable insights for diverse applications in fields such as ecology, public health, and agriculture.
The potential of budgetary discharge for political accountability: Which lessons from the case of Frontex?
Authors: Gigli Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the discharge procedure of the 2020 budget of Frontex, the European Parliament played a primary role in addressing the policy drift of the most important decentralised agency operating in the area of freedom, security and justice (AFSJ). This case demonstrates the potential of the discharge tool in steering the performance of decentralised agencies at a time when the mandate of these agencies within the EU executive order is affected by a structural accountability deficit. Confronted with a Rule of Law crisis in the AFSJ, the European Parliament has effectively leveraged the evolving normative framework to imbue the discharge process with significant political oversight functions. In this article, I aim to show that a constitutional dimension of the discharge procedure can be conceptualised, enabling the European Parliament to reaffirm its political account‐holder role as derived from the Treaties and ensure agencies' compliance with their EU‐oriented mandate.
Real‐world approaches to outpatient treatment of status migrainosus: A survey study
Authors: Robblee Jennifer , Orlova Yulia Y. , Ahn Andrew H. , Ali Ashhar S. , Birlea Marius , Charleston Larry , Singh Niranjan N. , Souza Marcio Nattan P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesIdentify how the American Headache Society (AHS) membership manages status migrainosus (SM) among outpatients.BackgroundSM is defined as a debilitating migraine attack lasting more than 72 h. There is no standard of care for SM, including whether a 72‐h duration is required before the attack can be treated as SM.MethodsThe Refractory Headache Special Interest Group from AHS developed a four‐question survey distributed to AHS members enquiring (1) whether they treat severe refractory migraine attacks the same as SM regardless of duration, (2) what their first step in SM management is, (3) what the top three medications they use for SM are, and (4) whether they are United Council for Neurologic Subspecialties (UCNS) certified. The survey was conducted in January 2022. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed.ResultsResponses were received from 196 of 1859 (10.5%) AHS members; 64.3% were UCNS certified in headache management. Respondents treated 69.4% (136/196) of patients with a severe refractory migraine attack as SM before the 72‐h period had elapsed. Most (76.0%, 149/196) chose “treat remotely using outpatient medications at home” as the first step, 11.2% (22/196) preferred procedures, 6.1% (12/196) favored an infusion center, 6.1% (12/196) sent patients to the emergency department (ED) or urgent care, and 0.5% (1/196) preferred direct hospital admission. The top five preferred medications were as follows: (1) corticosteroids (71.4%, 140/196), (2) nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (50.1%, 99/196), (3) neuroleptics (46.9%, 92/196), (4) triptans (30.6%, 60/196), and (5) dihydroergotamine (DHE) (21.4%, 42/196).ConclusionsHealthcare professionals with expertise in headache medicine typically treated severe migraine attacks early and did not wait 72 h to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for SM. Outpatient management with one or more medications for home use was preferred by most respondents; few opted for ED referrals. Finally, corticosteroids, NSAIDs, neuroleptics, triptans, and DHE were the top five preferred treatments for home SM management.
Advancing lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and immunotherapy prediction with a multi‐omics consensus machine learning approach
Authors: Lin Haoran , Zhang Xiao , Feng Yanlong , Gong Zetian , Li Jun , Wang Wei , Fan Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a tumour characterized by high tumour heterogeneity. Although there are numerous prognostic and immunotherapeutic options available for LUAD, there is a dearth of precise, individualized treatment plans. We integrated mRNA, lncRNA, microRNA, methylation and mutation data from the TCGA database for LUAD. Utilizing ten clustering algorithms, we identified stable multi‐omics consensus clusters (MOCs). These data were then amalgamated with ten machine learning approaches to develop a robust model capable of reliably identifying patient prognosis and predicting immunotherapy outcomes. Through ten clustering algorithms, two prognostically relevant MOCs were identified, with MOC2 showing more favourable outcomes. We subsequently constructed a MOCs‐associated machine learning model (MOCM) based on eight MOCs‐specific hub genes. Patients characterized by a lower MOCM score exhibited better overall survival and responses to immunotherapy. These findings were consistent across multiple datasets, and compared to many previously published LUAD biomarkers, our MOCM score demonstrated superior predictive performance. Notably, the low MOCM group was more inclined towards ‘hot’ tumours, characterized by higher levels of immune cell infiltration. Intriguingly, a significant positive correlation between GJB3 and the MOCM score (R = 0.77,p < 0.01) was discovered. Further experiments confirmed that GJB3 significantly enhances LUAD proliferation, invasion and migration, indicating its potential as a key target for LUAD treatment. Our developed MOCM score accurately predicts the prognosis of LUAD patients and identifies potential beneficiaries of immunotherapy, offering broad clinical applicability.
Mullus barbatus L. and Mullus surmuletus L. from western Mediterranean waters (SE Spain) are infected by Hysterothylacium fabri, but not by zoonotic nematodes. Possible impact on fish hosts#
Authors: Morales‐Yuste Manuel , López‐Valverde Jesús , Sánchez‐Fernández Natalia , Veiga Jesús , Garrido Mario , Adroher Francisco Javier , Benítez Rocío 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to know whether there is a risk of anisakiasis (or anisakidosis) by consumption of fish of the genus Mullus from the western Mediterranean Sea, which are appreciated for their quality, an epidemiological survey was carried out to evaluate the occurrence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic nematodes in M. barbatus and M. surmuletus. Although the presence of the third larval stage (L3) of anisakids (Anisakis and Contracaecum) has been previously described in these fish, the results showed the absence of anisakids and the presence, never in muscle, of L3 and L4 of raphidascaridids of the genus Hysterothylacium, molecularly identified as H. fabri. Phylogenetic analysis groups them into the Mediterranean Sea clade, far from individuals isolated in the Pacific Ocean. Prevalence was slightly higher, but not significant, in M. barbatus versus M. surmuletus (72.3% vs 60.0%), but mean intensity (MI) and mean abundance (MA) parameters were approximately twice as high in M. barbatus as in M. surmuletus (MI 5.8 vs 2.8, p = .001; MA 4.2 vs 1.7, p < .001). The presence of the parasite seems to have different effects on these two sympatric species. In M. barbatus it seems to affect their growth, as it appreciably reduces the value of allometry coefficient in infected fish (2.78 vs. 2.18). On the other hand, in M. surmuletus the infection significantly (p < .04) affects the Fulton's condition factor, an indicator of the health status of the fish. It can be concluded that the ingestion of these fish by the people poses negligible risk of anisakiasis, but the consumer should continue to be urged to follow the rules of prevention against this illness.
Enhancing microbial control in poultry processing: A comprehensive study on carcass washing systems
Authors: Flores Débora Zamprogna , Steffens Clarice , Paroul Natalia , Backes Geciane Toniazzo , Steffens Juliana , Valduga Eunice , Cansian Rogério Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the poultry industry, the evisceration stage often sees the highest microbial load on chicken carcasses. While manual trimming has traditionally been employed to remove gastrointestinal contamination, Brazilian legislation allows the use of a carcass washing system as an alternative. This study aimed to establish and validate a protocol for the use of a chicken carcass washing system as a replacement for manual trimming in a major poultry processing facility in southern Brazil. The methodology followed international standards for microbial analysis such as total mesophilic counts and Enterobacteriaceae. Comparing contamination levels before and after treatments, significant reductions are seen. Manual trimming reduced contamination by 39.43% (gastric), 53% (fecal), and 50% (biliary). Washing achieved greater reductions, with a 96.37% drop in gastric contamination and complete elimination (100%) of fecal contamination. These results met statistical significance. Both procedures reduced contamination levels. Manual trimming maintained 50% of samples below the mean value without exceeding upper control limits (UCL). Washing increased the percentage of samples below the mean value from 46% to 54%, demonstrating its superior efficiency. For Enterobacteriaceae, trimming maintained 44% of samples below the mean value, and washing increased it from 46% to 48%. In conclusion, the carcass washing system effectively removes visible gastrointestinal contents, meeting regulatory standards and receiving authorization from the Federal Inspection Service for use in the facility.
Cardiac autonomic modulation and exercise capacity in older adults with intellectual disability: A 6‐month randomised control trial
Authors: Font‐Farré M. , Guerra‐Balic M. , Farche A. C. , de Medeiros Takahashi A. C. , Simón‐Siles S. , Oviedo G. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite reported physical and functional improvements with aerobic and sprint interval training (SIT) protocols in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), it is not known if these interventions' effectivity would promote improvements in cardiac autonomic modulation. This study aimed to investigate if a 6‐month SIT or a continuous aerobic programme could enhance physical performance and cardiac autonomic modulation at rest, during physical activity (PA) and after it in older adults with an ID.MethodsThis is a randomised control trial. Participants with ID (age: 50.58 ± 7.25) were allocated to one of three groups [multicomponent aerobic training group (MATG), multicomponent interval sprint training group (MISTG) and control group (CG)]. The programmes lasted 24 weeks, with three sessions/week, 75–90 min per session. The HRV was analysed at rest and recovery, the delta of heart rate (HR) was analysed during 6MWT, and the HR t‐off kinetics was analysed in recovery after 6MWT.ResultsThere were not found differences between groups, moments, or interaction for cardiac autonomic modulation at rest and recovery. During exercise, only MSITG showed a significant increase of HR between rest and the first 30 s of exercise (P < 0.05). Physical performance increased only in MSITG (P < 0.05), while CG showed a significant reduction (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe MSITG improved the physical performance and the vagal withdrawal at the beginning of the submaximal exercise. These findings suggest that high‐intensity exercise may positively impact baroreflex function, mitigating the decline in autonomic reflex response capacity associated with aging in individuals with ID.
Mind reading dysfunctions in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: A neuropsychological approach
Authors: Macchitella Luigi , Spaccavento Simona , Arigliani Michele , Giaquinto Francesco , Turi Marco , Battista Petronilla , De Benedetto Michele , Leccese Giuliana , Aliani Maria , Angelelli Paola 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a prevalent sleep‐related breathing disorder that has been extensively studied for its effects on cognitive functions. However, little attention has been given to investigating Mind Reading (MR) skills in patients with OSAS. In this study, we employed a neuropsychological approach to thoroughly assess various facets of MR skills in patients with OSAS. Forty‐two patients with untreated moderate or severe OSAS (AHI ≥15; 30 men, 12 women) and 16 healthy controls (7 men and 9 women), matched by age, were enrolled. To assess MR skills, we used: (i) The Story‐based Empathy Task (SET), which includes three experimental conditions: identifying intentions (SET‐IA), emotional states (SET‐EA), and a control condition for inferring causality reactions (SET‐CI); (ii) the Ekman 60 Faces Test (Ek60), which measures emotion recognition from facial expressions. Our findings revealed that patients with OSAS exhibit deficits in emotion‐related MR skills, while their ability to make inferences about the cognitive states of social partners remains largely preserved. This finding corroborates previous evidence indicating that social cognition, particularly MR skills, may be one of the cognitive domains affected by OSAS. It emphasizes the significance of investigating social cognition and the relationship between MR skills and social functioning as a new and intriguing area of research in patients with OSAS.