bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumococcal Surface Protein A Inhibits Complement Deposition on the Pneumococcal Surface by Competing with the Binding of C-Reactive Protein to Cell-Surface Phosphocholine
Authors: Mukerji Reshmi , Mirza Shaper , Roche Aoife M. , Widener Rebecca W. , Croney Christina M. , Rhee Dong-Kwon , Weiser Jeffrey N. , Szalai Alexander J. , Briles David E. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the presence of normal serum, complement component C3 is deposited on pneumococci primarily via the classical pathway. Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), a major virulence factor of pneumococci, effectively inhibits C3 deposition. PspA’s C terminus has a choline-binding domain that anchors PspA to the phosphocholine (PC) moieties on the pneumococcal surface. C-reactive protein (CRP), another important host defense molecule, also binds to PC, and CRP binding to pneumococci enhances complement C3 deposition through the classical pathway. Using flow cytometry of PspA+ and PspA− strains, we observed that the absence of PspA led to exposure of PC, enhanced the surface binding of CRP, and increased the deposition of C3. Moreover, when the PspA− mutant was incubated with a pneumococcal eluate containing native PspA, there was decreased deposition of CRP and C3 on the pneumococcal surface compared with incubation with an eluate from a PspA− strain. This inhibition was not observed when a recombinant PspA fragment, which lacks the choline-binding region of PspA, was added to the PspA− mutant. Also, there was much greater C3 deposition onto the PspA− pneumococcus when exposed to normal mouse serum from wild-type mice as compared with that from CRP knockout mice. Furthermore, when CRP knockout mouse serum was replenished with CRP, there was a dose-dependent increase in C3 deposition. The combined data reveal a novel mechanism of complement inhibition by a bacterial protein: inhibition of CRP surface binding and, thus, diminution of CRP-mediated complement deposition.
Vers une sémiotique de la culture. De la mort au tourisme
Authors: Urbain Jean-Didier 
Published: October 2012

Cet article est la première tentative d’explicitation des fondements méthodologiques d’une sémiotique de la culture. Celle-ci s’est construite au fil d’un itinéraire de recherche qui peut être défini comme celui d’une ethnologie de proximité, approche dont le projet heuristique est porté par le souci de restaurer de l’étrangeté au sein du quotidien - au sein de cette réalité très banale que Georges Perec a nommée l’infra-ordinaire et que certains jugent de ce fait inconsistante et indigne d’intérêt. C’est donc aussi contre ce préjugé épistémologique que s’est construite cette sémiotique, en élisant des terrains aussi « indignes » que le cimetière ou la plage, lesquels sont pourtant (parmi beaucoup d’autres) des objets d’analyse si proches qu’ils mettent au défi l’observateur de rétablir ce « regard éloigné » sans lequel toute découverte est impossible.
Atrial Septal Aneurysm Mimicking a Cor Triatriatum Sinister: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Oyedeji Adebayo Tolulope , Okunola Oluyomi , Sani Mahmoud Umar 
Published: October 2012

An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a rare but well-recognized abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance. It is a localized bulging of the inter-atrial septum into either or both atria during the cardiac cycle. ASA has been reported as an unexpected finding during autopsy but may also be diagnosed in living patients by echocardiographic techniques. We present a 37-year-old woman with a recurrent atypical chest pain of one-year duration. She was found to have a congenital atrial septal aneurysm on evaluation. The echocardiographic images mimicked a left sided cor triatriatum sinister. She had no other symptoms and had no co-morbidities. There was no audible murmur. ASA can mimic cor-triatriatum and echocardiographic examination should be performed from multiple views before any echocardiographic diagnosis is made.
Formación de Brigadas Médicos-Rescatistas de Respuesta Rápida Ante Catástrofes y Desastres Internacionales
Authors: Lerena Juan José López , Tondo Álvaro , Ipharraguerre Danilo , Nicola Carlos , Palomeque Leandro , Martinez Enrique 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN
En Uruguay, la formación médica emergencia prehospitalaria de desastres y catástrofes es irregular. Por otro lado, los bomberos, están capacitados para búsqueda y rescate pero no para los primeros auxilios. Se propuso formar brigadas de respuesta rápida frente a emergencias complejas, catástrofes y desastres integradas por médicos, paramédicos y bomberos con el objetivo de optimizar la respuesta frente a estas situaciones y en defi nitiva lograr el objetivo supremo de salvar cuantas más vidas sea posible.

Material y método
Se creó un cronograma de actividades, valorando: objetivo esperado, recursos humanos y materiales necesarios para lograr el objetivo, capacitación del personal. Cada módulo debía superar el 80% del resultado esperado. En 2008 y 2009 capacitamos en Osaka, JAPON a 5 médicos y 10 ofi ciales bomberos.1 Estos , a su vez, formaron a 25 ofi ciales de bomberos 40 bomberos, 7 médicos y 15 enfermeros. Cada Brigada estaba conformada por 2 médicos, 2 enfermeros, 2 ofi ciales y 5 bomberos.
Durante el año 2010 se realizaron los módulos teoricopracticos para instrucción y capacitación., culminando con curso – taller con la supervisión de expertos japoneses, dos médicos expertos en TRAUMA y DESASTRES y tres ofi ciales de bomberos expertos en desastres (Grupo HEAVY de INSARAG).2 La evaluación fue excelente. En la región son las primeras brigadas conformadas con estas características. Se espera que con la aplicación de esta nueva metodología de trabajo se logre el objetivo planteado. A la fecha se muestran tres intervenciones de estas brigadas con tiempos de respuesta mejores y mejor calidad de atención primaria de victimas.
Trauma de Páncreas
Authors: Costa Juan M , Bado Joaquín , Sciuto Pablo , Moldes María , Chinelli Javier , Secondo Gerardo 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN

Objetivo
Analizar de forma retrospectiva una serie de casos de lesiones pancreáticas en el contexto de trauma abdominal penetrante asistidos en el Hospital Maciel en el año 2010, y realizar una revisión actualizada de los puntos más controversiales en trauma pancreático centrándonos en el diagnóstico y manejo terapéutico.

Métodos
Se analizó retrospectivamente una serie de 5 pacientes que fueron asistidos en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital en 2010. Todos presentaron trauma abdominal penetrante, siendo 4 por heridas de arma blanca y 1 por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego. La lesión pancreática fue diagnosticada en el intraoperatorio en todos los casos. Se constató lesión hepática asociada en 3 casos, seguida por el estómago en 2 y vena cava en 1. En 2 pacientes se comprobó la existencia de lesión del ducto principal a la izquierda de los vasos mesentéricos, y ambos fueron tratados con pancreatectomía distal. Los restantes casos fueron manejados con drenajes a nivel de la logia pancreática. En cuanto a la morbimortalidad, 1 paciente falleció en el postoperatorio reingresando luego del alta por shock hipovolémico en anemia aguda, probablemente vinculado a lesión vascular inadvertida. De los restantes pacientes 1 evolucionó favorablemente, sin complicaciones. Los restantes 3 presentaron una fístula pancreática que en todos los casos fue autolimitada y en 1 caso se constató una colección peripancreática que fue resuelta por vía percutánea sin incidentes.

Resultados
Las lesiones traumáticas del páncreas son poco frecuentes. (2-4% de los casos de trauma abdominal) En nuestra serie el 100% fue consecuencia de trauma penetrante y el diagnóstico intraoperatorio, siendo la asociación lesional la regla tal como se publica en la literatura. El manejo terapéutico de estas lesiones es uno de los puntos de mayor controversia. En tal sentido, 3 de 5 pacientes (60%) presentaron lesiones de baja complejidad y pudieron ser tratados con técnicas sencillas como procedimientos hemostáticos y colocación de drenajes. Los 2 pacientes restantes fueron sometidos a procedimientos resectivos.
La morbimortalidad de nuestra serie fue elevada, como es esperable en estos casos. La fístula pancreática fue la complicación principal. La mortalidad fue de 20%.

Conclusiones
Las lesiones traumáticas del páncreas son de baja frecuencia y difícil diagnóstico preoperatorio por lo cual debe tenerse un alto índice de sospecha. Son más frecuentes en el trauma penetrante que en el contuso, siendo la asociación lesional y una elevada morbimortalidad la regla en estos casos. El tratamiento quirúrgico admite muchas posibilidades, siendo siempre aconsejable realizar lo menos posible.
Lesiones Inadvertidas en Trauma Abdominal. Análisis del Trauma Abierto y Cerrado. 12 Casos en el Periodo 1999-2008
Authors: Ruso Luis , Valsangiácomo Pablo 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN

Antecedentes
Analizar los factores determinantes de morbilidad y mortalidad en una serie de pacientes con LI (lesiones inadvertidas) clínicamente relevantes.

Diseño del estudio
Estudio retrospectivo, periodo 1999-2008, Hospital Maciel, Montevideo, Uruguay. Las variables analizadas fueron: Edad, sexo, mecanismo lesional, topografía, tiempo de retardo diagnostico, complicaciones, órganos comprometidos y mortalidad.
Se realiza un análisis comparativo en el trauma abierto y contuso.

Resultados
Se reportaron 12 pacientes, todos del sexo masculino, edad media de 29 años con un tiempo de retardo diagnostico de 5,6 días para trauma contuso y de 3,5 para el penetrante. Los órganos comprometidos con mayor frecuencia fueron duodeno, páncreas y colon. Se asociaron mayor demora diagnostica y mortalidad para el trauma contuso de acuerdo al análisis estadístico utilizando el Test exacto de Fisher.

Conclusiones
En retardo diagnostico, el trauma con alta transferencia de energía así como la inadecuada exploración quirúrgica son los factores determinantes en la aparición de complicaciones y mortalidad en lesiones inadvertidas.
Prevalencia de Lesiones Hepáticas en Pacientes Traumatizados
Authors: Martínez Silvia González , Toledo Sue González , Vallejos Silvia González , Báez María José Guillén , Franco Violeta Jiménez , Vega Gustavo Machaín 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN
El hígado es el órgano más vulnerable, comúnmente lesionado en el trauma abdominal; debido a su gran tamaño y localización.

Objetivo
Establecer la prevalencia de traumatismo de hígado en trauma abdominal.

Método
Diseño observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transverso. Muestreo no probabilístico, por conveniencia.

Resultados
Se revisaron 6880 casos de pacientes traumatizados que acudieron al CEM en el año 2010 y se estudiaron 67 casos de traumatismo hepático. Existió una mayor prevalencia en el sexo masculino (77,61%.). La edad más afectada estaba comprendida entre 16 a 30 años. El 59,70% presento traumatismo cerrado y el 49,70% trauma abierto. El 55,22% fue por accidentes de tránsito. Entre los traumatismos hepáticos, los más frecuentes fueron de grado IV correspondiendo a un porcentaje de 32,83% y un l 20,89%, de grado II. El 14,92% presento com hemodinamia inestable (shock). La mortalidad fue del 8,95% (6 casos). El porcentaje de sobrevida en este estudio fue alta (91,05%).

Conclusión
En la investigación hemos comprobado que la mayoría de los casos ocurre por causa de accidentes de tránsito y que la lesión hepática debe ser diagnosticada adecuadamente. La morbilidad y mortalidad de lesiones hepáticas en trauma abdominal es importante.
Perfil Epidemiológico dos Pacientes que Chegaram ao Hospital do Trabalhador por Helicóptero
Authors: Nasr Adonis , Collaço Iwan Augusto , De Pieri Bruno Guilherme Zampiri , Uratani Lucas Fernando , Malutta Selen Socrepa 
Published: October 2012

RESUMO

Objetivo
Estabelecer o perfi l epidemiológico do paciente que chega ao Hospital do Trabalhador pelo resgate aéreo.

Métodos
Estudo observacional retrospectivo por análise de dados secundários. Separamos 50 prontuários de pacientes que chegaram ao hospital por helicóptero, desde a abertura do heliponto, sendo descartados prontuários incompleto/ divergentes, seguindo roteiro com questões fechadas. Analisamos as variáveis: Sexo; idade; hora do atendimento; etiologia; escore na ECG, FC, PA sistólica e FR na admissão; tempo de internamento; diagnóstico; mortalidade; ISS; RTS e TRISS. Quanto à etiologia, serão classifi cados em categorias.

Resultados
Analisamos 22 prontuários. O sexo predominante era masculino (17). A média de idade 32 anos, sendo 16 entre 15 e 35. Nenhum paciente foi admitido após 19:00 horas, a maioria chegou entre 15:00 e 19:00. A etiologia mais prevalente foi acidente automobilístico. Treze pacientes apresentavam 14 ou 15 pontos na ECG. Dados vitais: média da freqüência cardíaca e respiratória foram 90,59 bpm e 17,36 irpm. Quatro pacientes apresentaram PA sistólica abaixo de 90 mm Hg. Ocorreram 13 internamentos e 8 óbitos (mortalidade 36,36%). Índices do trauma: ISS médio 17,95, RTS médio 6,3185 e TRISS médio 75,64%.

Conclusões
Encontramos mais pacientes jovens, do sexo masculino, e vítimas de acidentes automobilísticos. Por questões técnicas, o heliponto não funciona durante a noite, não havendo atendimentos após 19:00 horas. Predominaram atendimentos no ‘horário do rush’ (45% atendidos entre 17 e 19 horas). Apesar de grande parte dos pacientes não se apresentar em estado grave (TRISS com moda 99,60), a mortalidade foi alta, já que 31% apresentavam TRISS < 51%.
Prevalencia de Traumatismos por Accidentes de Motocicleta en Salas de Internación del Centro de Emergencias Médicas: Periodo Octubre a Diciembre del 2010
Authors: Vega Gustavo Machaín , Peralta Alfonso , Soto Alejandra , Soto Milena , Tintel Cesar 
Published: October 2012

RESUMEN
Los traumatismos por motocicletas presentan una prevalencia en aumento en muchos países.

Objetivo
Poder determinar la prevalencia de traumatismos de motocicletas en un periodo defi nido y en centro hospitalario de referencia del trauma.

Materiales y métodos
Estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo de corte transversal. Muestreo No probabilístico de casos consecutivos, en un periodo de tres meses consecutivos.

Resultados
Presentamos 1803 pacientes internados, de los cuales 964 eran varones (53,5%) y 839 eran mujeres (46,5%). La prevalencia de pacientes internados que sufrieron traumatismos por accidente de moto corresponden al 23,6% (426 pacientes); entre ellos 353 eran varones (82,8%) y 73 eran mujeres (17,2%). La media de internación fue entre 2 a 5 días en143 casos (33,6%) Con respecto a la procedencia, 87 eran de Asunción (20,5%) y 339 del interior del país (79,5%). La prevalencia de traumatismo craneoencefálico en ésta serie es de 43,9% y la de politraumatizados 33% La prevalencia de óbitos es de 4,7% (n: 20) recibiendo el alta el 95,3% (n: 406).

Conclusiones
La prevalencia de accidentes de motocicletas en la Sala de Internación es importante e involucra generalmente varones en especial. Es recomendable fi jar pautas de control para prevención de esta forma de trauma.
Managing Pancreatic Trauma: The Importance of Suspicion
Authors: Fuertes Montiel Jiménez , Navarro David Costa 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeTraumatic injuries to the pancreas are rare and only represent 4% of all abdominal injuries after trauma. These injuries are associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. Their early diagnosis is essential, since lack of treatment results in serious complications that endanger the patient's life. We present three cases of pancreatic trauma with delayed diagnosis, established only after serious complications, and a revision of the current diagnosis and management of pancreatic trauma.Materials and methodsCase 1:A 49-year-old woman who, 2 months after a fall, presents with severe pancreatitis and diffuse peritonitis. Patient was diagnosed with complete transection of the Wirsung duct.Case 2:A 29-year-old woman who consults about abdominal pain 6 months after a difficult birth. Patient was diagnosed with complete transection of the Wirsung duct and giant pancreatic pseudocyst with acute hemorrhage.Case 3:A 30-year-old woman who consults about abdominal pain 2 months after falling from her bicycle. Patient was diagnosed with complete transection of the Wirsung duct and pancreatic pseudocyst with acute bleedingResultsDistal pancreatectomy with splenectomy was performed in the first and third cases, while in the second case, it was possible to preserve the spleen with satisfactory recovery in all three cases.ConclusionComplications after pancreatic trauma are frequent. Many contributing factors exist, including not only management but also diagnosis of the pancreatic injury. A high index of suspicion is the most important factor in reaching a diagnosis.How to cite this articleFuertes MJ, Navarro DC. Managing Pancreatic Trauma: The Importance of Suspicion. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2012;1(2):131-136.
Human Capital Formation Programmes and Organizational Commitment among Industrial Workers in South -West Nigeria
Authors: Akintayo Dayo Idowu 
Published: October 2012

The study investigated the impact of human capital formation programmes on organizational commitment of workers in industrial organizations in South-Western Nigeria. This study adopted ex-post-facto research method. A total of 240 respondents were selected for the study using proportionate stratified sampling technique. The Human Capital Formation Scale (HCFS) with three subset scales which include: Computer Skill Training Scale (CSTS) and Conflict Management Skill Training Scale (CMSTS) and Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS) was used for data collection. However, the research questions generated for the study were tested using Regression Analysis and t-test statistical method at 0.05 alpha levels. The finding of the study revealed that the human capital formation programmes (taken together) significantly influenced organizational commitment of workers. Also, finding revealed that computer skill training and conflict management skill training have significantly influenced organizational commitment of workers. It was found that there is no significant difference between male and female employees exposure to each of the human capital formation programmes. The finding further showed that there was no significant difference in the level of both male and female workers` participation in human capital formation programmes in both public and private organizations selected for the study. Based on the findings of the study, it is recommended that human capital formation programmes should be given priority by all establishments in order to forestall organizational commitment for all levels of workers. Also, training needs of the organization as well as that of workers must be identified before making recommendations for training. Moreover, human resource development policies should be well defined and be entrenched in the mission statement of all work organizations in Nigeria, in order to foster equity and promotional skill acquisition.
Influence of HR Practices on Autonomy and Control in Selected Upstream Multinational Oil Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Oghojafor Ben E. Akpoyomare , Mbah Samuel Emeka 
Published: October 2012

This study addressed the complexities in decision-making on personnel policies and practices in the Multinational companies. The purpose was to examine the influence of human resource practices on outcome of autonomy and control in the selected Upstream Multinational oil companies in Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopted a field survey research method with validated and tested reliable instruments, the questionnaire and the interview. The Cronbach’s alpha reliability test of all variables indicated (.876) above the recommended (0.7) cut off point of high reliability statistics. A Random Sampling Technique was adopted for selection of 5 (25.4%) of 22 companies in the Upstream Multinational oil sector as sample population while a total of 300 randomly selected research subjects represented respondents of the present study. The Chi-Square (X2) Test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient and the Regression Analysis were statistical tools used with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to test hypotheses. Findings revealed among others that influence of staff resourcing is more on outcome of autonomy and control in the subsidiaries; that when the influence of staff resourcing increases or is extensively established at the headquarters, it’s influence on outcome of autonomy and control also increases in the subsidiaries; that there is a significant direct relationship between outcome of autonomy and control and HR practice(s) which implies that when autonomy increases as a result of a corresponding increase in extensively established HR practice(s), employees gain more satisfaction on the job whereas, when control increases as a result of a corresponding increase in control strategies in HR practices, employees gain less satisfaction on the job. It was however concluded among others that a new policy redirection that is people- oriented be adopted to ensure more employee autonomy and less control in the Upstream MNC subsidiaries in Nigeria. Key Words: Influence, Autonomy, Control, Human Resource Practices, Upstream Multinational, Strategic International Human Resource Management, Nigeria.
Gender and Modernization in Turkey
Authors: Tuna Tülin 
Published: October 2012

This article aims to explain gender equality in Turkey. The gender concept which implies socially determined roles and responsibilities of men and women varies across different societies and in time. The gender is determined by multiple factors. Besides gender has an impact on every period of life in different ways. There can be inequality in using the opportunities, allocation and utilization of resources, accessing the services because of gender. Women have more disadvantages and lower social statuses compared with men are influenced much negative from so-called inequalities. Several reforms have been carried out since beginning of Turkish Republic in order to provide gender equality. These reforms aim to boost the woman’s economic, cultural and social development. However, today sex based inequality is one of the foremost current problems, although these reforms. When the status of woman in Turkey is examined, it is observed that education level of woman has low and involvement in business life is inadequate. Together with this fact, it is obvious that woman could not exceed gender role despite legal reforms in Turkey and take its place in political area. However, fertility conscious of women started to increase. Therefore, the rates of fertility decrease. To sum up, it was observed that today there are many stages in order to reach the level desired in regard to provide gender equality. Key Words: Gender in Turkey, Gender equality, The Status of Women in Turkey.
Smaller Incision Size Leads to Higher Predictability in Microcoaxial Cataract Surgery
Authors: Klamann Matthias K.J. , Gonnermann Johannes , Maier Anna-Karina B. , Torun Necip , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes of a 1.8 mm, 2.2 mm, and 2.75 mm microcoaxial cataract surgery system. Methods. In this retrospective study, 129 eyes of 129 patients were included. Patients underwent phacoemulsification using a Stellaris system or an Infiniti system. The incision size was 1.8 mm, 2.2 mm, or 2.75 mm, respectively. Subjects were examined before surgery and 4 weeks after. The surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was examined. Results. The SIA in the 1.8 mm group was statistically lower compared to the 2.2 mm group (p=0.046) and the 2.75 mm group (p=0.017). There was no significant difference between the 2.2 mm group and the 2.75 mm group. Conclusions. With the use of appropriate support systems, 1.8 mm incisions appear to result in less SIA than 2.2 mm and 2.75 mm incisions. Advantages may arise from this, especially in the implantation of aspheric, toric, or multifocal lenses.