bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAMILY FOOD INSECURITY AND NUTRITIONAL RISK IN ADOLESCENTS FROM A LOW-INCOME AREA OF RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Authors: LOPES TAÍS S. , SICHIERI ROSELY , SALLES-COSTA ROSANA , VEIGA GLORIA V. , PEREIRA ROSANGELA A. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe study objective was to analyse the association between food insecurity and the weight and height status of adolescents from a low-income area in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The population-based cross-sectional survey included 523 adolescents aged 12–18 years, selected by a three-stage cluster sample. Dietary intake was ascertained with a food frequency questionnaire and family food insecurity was assessed with a validated questionnaire. The analysis estimated weighted means of energy and nutrient intakes by families' socioeconomic characteristics and the association between dietary intake with overweight and stunting. The prevalence of mild family food insecurity was 36%, and 24% of the families reported moderate or severe food insecurity. Overweight prevalence was 24%, and the prevalence of stunting was 9%, with no significant differences between sex or age groups. Family food insecurity was associated with unfavourable socioeconomic characteristics, but there was no association between socioeconomic characteristics (including family food insecurity) and overweight or stunting. Moderate or severe family food insecurity was inversely associated with intake of protein and calcium. In addition, stunting was associated with low calcium and iron intake. The co-existence of family food insecurity with overweight and stunting implies a high nutritional risk for adolescents from poor areas of Rio de Janeiro. Nevertheless, the observed absence of a statistical association between family food insecurity and weight status attests to the complexity of this issue.
Estimating patterns of vulnerability in a changing landscape: a case study of New Zealand's indigenous grasslands
Authors: WEEKS EMILY S. , OVERTON JACOB M. , WALKER SUSAN 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYEffective conservation planning must anticipate the rates and patterns of dynamic threats to biodiversity, such as rapid changes in land use. Poor understanding and prediction of drivers and patterns of conversion of habitat can hinder assessments of the relative vulnerability of areas of remaining indigenous habitat to conversion, and identification of habitats in most immediate need of protection. Methods developed to model vulnerability to conversion vary in their complexity and applicability to conservation management. Generalized additive models provide a simple robust method to explore predictors and patterns of land-use conversion, and may be used to predict future patterns of conversion using recent land conversion data. This paper provides the first data-derived and statistically validated measurement of the vulnerability of New Zealand's indigenous grasslands to conversion. Higher altitude and more marginal (for agriculture and forestry) land showed greater conversion, and models based on earlier conversion patterns performed more poorly in predicting current patterns of conversion. Up-to-date land conversion data appear crucial for accurately predicting future vulnerability to habitat conversion.
From Maycomb to Nuremberg: cinematic visions of law, legal actors and American ways
Authors: Davies Susanne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article examines the representations of law and legal actors offered within two classic American films:To Kill a MockingbirdandJudgment at Nuremberg. It has previously been argued that these films belong to a ‘heroic tradition’ within American cinema; one that idealises both men of law and man-made law and that had its golden age from the mid-1950s through to the end of the 1960s. It is argued here that these films offer a more complex and far less certain portrayal of the law and legal actors. This is examined first by considering the context in which these films were made, and second, the depictions of law and legal actors that they offer.
German sociology of law: a case of path dependency
Authors: Machura Stefan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGerman sociology of law has developed along a peculiar path which is still shaping its development today. Unlike other special areas of sociology that extended sociologists' inquiry to new fields, the sociology of law was founded mainly by lawyers in the early twentieth century as a tool for enhanced professional practice. The sociology of law became part of a struggle over the academic identity of jurisprudence. This first wave of German sociology of law was then overshadowed by a second wave in the 1960s and 1970s along the lines of legal reform and radical scholarship. Today, the sociology of law in Germany is receiving renewed interest under the labels of empirical legal research and of inter- and transdisciplinarity, and scholars are to a large degree still driven by political interests.
Intracrystalline nucleation during the post‐garnet transformation under large overpressure conditions in deep subducting slabs
Authors: Nishi Masayuki , Irifune Tetsuo , Ohfuji Hiroaki , Tange Yoshinori 
Published: November 2012

The mechanism of the post‐garnet transformation in natural single‐crystalline pyropic garnet has been examined under large overpressure conditions of ∼31–43 GPa using the multianvil apparatus with sintered diamond anvils. Intracrystalline nucleation was found to be dominant above 35–38 GPa, while only grain‐boundary nucleation is responsible at lower pressures. In addition, natural pyropic garnet transformed to a single phase of perovskite without decomposing to multiple phases above 38 GPa. Both intracrystalline nucleation and polymorphic growth of the post‐garnet transformation under large overpressure conditions would strongly enhance the transformation kinetics. Consequently, the post‐garnet transformation may pwroceed rapidly in the subducting slab at depths near ∼950 km, which would cause substantial rheological weakening of the subducting slab. The metastable post‐garnet transformation may also cause the seismic discontinuities at a depth of 900–1080 km depth, which is indeed observed beneath some subduction zones.
WITHDRAWN: Compositional Effects in Titan's Thermospheric Gravity Waves
Authors: Cui J. , Lian Y. , Müller‐Wodarg I. C. F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn Titan's upper atmosphere, the density profiles of several constituents (N2, CH4, H2 and 29N2) as measured by the Cassini Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer (INMS) show periodical structures which we interpret as internal gravity waves. Compositional effects are frequently seen in the data, in which the wave structures in different constituents show different amplitudes and phase angles. We use a simple linearized wave perturbation theory to explain the observations, emphasizing their role as a useful diagnostic of the basic wave parameters. For the T39 flyby, the data‐model comparison constrains typical wavelength to be ~ 350 km, typical wave period to be ~ 64 min, and the direction of wave energy propagation to be primarily vertical. Our calculations also illustrate that wave‐induced diffusion is important for CH4 and H2.
Physical characteristics and dynamics of the coastal Latex09 Eddy derived from in situ data and numerical modeling
Authors: Kersalé M. , Petrenko A. A. , Doglioli A. M. , Dekeyser I. , Nencioli F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the dynamics of a coastal anticyclonic eddy in the western part of the Gulf of Lion (GoL) in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea during the Latex campaign in the summer 2009 (Latex09). The sampling strategy combines sea surface temperature satellite imagery, hull‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profiler data, conductivity‐temperature‐depth casts, and drifter trajectories. Our measurements reveal an anticyclonic eddy (Latex09 eddy) with a diameter of ~23 km and maximum depth of 31 m, centered at 3°34′E, 42°33′N. We use a high resolution, three‐dimensional, primitive equation numerical model to investigate its generation process and evolution. The model is able to reproduce the observed eddy, in particular its size and position. The model results suggest that the Latex09 eddy is induced by a large anticyclonic circulation in the northwestern part of the GoL, pushed and squeezed toward the coast by a meander of the Northern Current. This represents a new generation mechanism that has not been reported before. The post generation dynamics of the eddy is also captured by the model. The collision of the Latex09 eddy with Cape Creus results in a transient structure, which is depicted by the trajectories of two Lagrangian drifters during Latex09. The transient structure and its advection lead to a transfer of mass and vorticity from the GoL to the Catalan shelf, indicating the importance of mesoscale structures in modulating such exchanges in the region.
Remote sensing of salinity from satellite‐derived CDOM in the Changjiang River dominated East China Sea
Authors: Bai Yan , Pan Delu , Cai Wei‐Jun , He Xianqiang , Wang Difeng , Tao Bangyi , Zhu Qiankun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDefining highly variable freshwater plume area from space is important for characterizing the dynamics of biogeochemical properties and understanding the effects of climate change and human activities on plume‐related processes. The absorption coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter (aCDOM) from satellite ocean color data can be used to estimate the salinity and thus the plume area in coastal oceans if a robust conservative salinity and aCDOM relationship and an accurate satellite aCDOM algorithm can be established. In this paper, tight relationships between surface water salinity and in situ aCDOM were found during several cruises covering all seasons and the full salinity range in the East China Sea. Thus, a salinity inversion model from aCDOM was developed and validated with an independent data set, in which 73.6% of the data were within the absolute salinity error of ±1 and 87.1% were within ±1.5. Factors influencing the conservative behavior of colored dissolved organic matter are analyzed, with a particular focus on the effect of the phytoplankton‐induced autochthonous colored dissolved organic matter. In addition, several satellite aCDOM algorithms were compared and validated with our in situ data. Monthly satellite‐derived salinity images were mapped in August from 2008 to 2010 and showed the significant interannual variability in the plume coverage. This study demonstrated that the salinity derived from satellite‐derived aCDOM can provide a reliable and good synoptic view of the plume area, and help with biogeochemical studies, in particular, those properties related to the interannual variability of plume coverage, although the development of a localized satellite algorithm of aCDOM is still desirable.
Bankfull hydraulic geometry of submarine channels created by turbidity currents: Relations between bankfull channel characteristics and formative flow discharge
Authors: Konsoer Kory , Zinger Jessica , Parker Gary 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDetailed bathymetric surveys of the seafloor have enabled the identification and analysis of submarine channels worldwide. Previous authors have remarked on the morphologic similarity of submarine channels and rivers, and have identified a number of similarities and differences in processes of flow and sedimentation. In this study, we compare the width, depth, and slope of 177 submarine channel cross‐sections to that of 231 river cross‐sections. The results indicate that submarine channels have cross‐sectional dimensions that can exceed the dimensions of the largest rivers on earth by an order of magnitude. For rivers and submarine channels with similar width or depth, the slope of submarine channels can be up to two orders of magnitude greater than the slope of rivers. An analysis of trends in driving force vs. channel size suggests that a reasonable estimate of the volumetric sediment concentration of channelized turbidity currents lies in the range C = 0.2% to 0.6%. Bankfull turbidity current velocities are estimated using this range in concentration. Friction coefficients are based on values identified for large rivers and a modified Chezy equation. These velocities are then used in a classic hydraulic geometry analysis of the submarine channels, which shows that submarine channels and rivers follow similar power law trends in width, depth, and velocity as functions of bankfull discharge.
Estimation of macrodispersion in 2‐D highly heterogeneous porous media using the Eulerian‐Lagrangian localized adjoint method
Authors: Ramasomanana Fanilo , Younes Anis , Ackerer Philippe 
Published: November 2012

Key Points
Validation of first and higher order stochastic theories
Effects of local dispersion on macrodispersion
Required travel distance to reach Fickian regime
Predicting Nonlinear Changes in Bone Mineral Density Over Time Using a Multiscale Systems Pharmacology Model
Authors: Peterson MC , Riggs MM 
Published: November 2012

A mathematical model component that extends an existing physiologically based multiscale systems pharmacology model (MSPM) of calcium and bone homeostasis was developed, enabling prediction of nonlinear changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density (LSBMD). Data for denosumab, a monoclonal antibody osteoporosis treatment, dosed at several levels and regimens, was used for fitting the BMD component. Bone marker and LSBMD data extracted from the literature described on/off‐treatment effects of denosumab over 48 months [Miller, P.D. et al. Effect of denosumab on bone density and turnover in postmenopausal women with low bone mass after long‐term continued, discontinued, and restarting of therapy: a randomized blinded phase 2 clinical trial. Bone 43, 222–229 (2008)]. An indirect model linking bone markers to LSBMD was embedded in the existing MSPM, reasonably predicting nonlinear increases in LSBMD during treatment (24 months); LSBMD declines following discontinuation and increases upon treatment reinstitution. This study demonstrates the utility of MSPM extension to describe a phenomena of interest not originally in a model, and the ability of this updated MSPM to predict nonlinear longitudinal changes in the clinically relevant endpoint, LSBMD, with denosumab treatment.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2012) 1, e14; doi:10.1038/psp.2012.15; advance online publication 14 November 2012
Magnetic characterization of thin Co50Fe50 films by magnetooptic Kerr effect
Authors: Kuschel T , Hamrle J , Pištora J , Saito K , Bosu S , Sakuraba Y , Takanashi K , Wollschläger J 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Magnetic properties of thin Co50Fe50 films on MgO(0 0 1) prepared with different annealing temperatures between room temperature and 300 °C are studied by vectorial magnetometry based on the magnetooptic Kerr effect. Independent from the annealing, the Co50Fe50 films reveal some similar magnetic properties, e.g. no quadratic magnetooptic Kerr effect and a magnetic reversal process which is completely in-plane with magnetic easy axes in Co50Fe50〈1 1 0〉 directions. If the alignment of the external magnetic field is close to the magnetic hard axes, incoherent rotation of magnetic moments between saturation and remanence occurs instead of coherent rotation as for the other directions. If the magnitude of the magnetization is polar plotted with respect to the azimuthal magnetization angle, sequential switching of magnetic moments from one magnetic easy axis to another can be proved by the course of the magnetization. Here, a two-domain switching process can be distinguished from a four-domain switching process generated by the incoherent rotation between saturation and remanence. Furthermore, both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constants and the domain wall pinning energies are determined from the magnetic switching fields using the Stoner–Wohlfarth model while the cubic magnetic anisotropy constants are obtained from fitting the magnetization curves. The domain wall pinning energies obtained from these analyses decrease with increasing annealing temperature due to fewer defects in the film. The cubic magnetic anisotropy also decreases slightly which can be attributed to relaxation of the crystal lattice for increasing annealing temperature due to a small change of spin–orbit coupling. Compared with the cubic magnetic anisotropy the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy is very small. This may be attributed to the reduction of strain in the film caused by a buffer stack Cr/Au/Cr between the Co50Fe50 film and MgO(0 0 1).
Simulation analysis of triboplasma generation using the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) method
Authors: Nakayama Keiji , Tanaka Masaaki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Previously, a microplasma was discovered in the rear gap of a sliding contact. This plasma is called a ‘triboplasma’, the behaviour of which obeys the Paschen law in a gas discharge. The generation of the triboplasma has been explained to be generated by discharging of ambient air due to the intense electric field caused by tribocharging, based on the experimental findings.
In this report, the mechanism of triboplasma generation is theoretically analysed using the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulation method for the triboplasma generated in the tribosystem, where a diamond pin slides against a sapphire disc in ambient air. Two-dimensional sideward density distributions of the electrons,

ions and

ions in the rear gap of the sliding contact are obtained theoretically by the PIC/MCC method. These calculated particle distributions coincided well with the triboplasma distributions experimentally observed. The previously proposed triboplasma generation due to gas discharging is verified theoretically using the PIC/MCC simulation method.
Interface properties of GaInP/Ge hetero-structure sub-cells of multi-junction solar cells
Authors: Gudovskikh A S , Zelentsov K S , Kalyuzhnyy N A , Evstropov V V , Lantratov V M , Mintairov S A 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The interface properties of the GaInP/Ge hetero-structure solar cells were studied. It was found that an undesirable potential barrier for the majority carriers could occur at the n-GaInP/n-Ge hetero-interface during the growth of multi-junction solar cells. The potential barrier at the GaInP/Ge interface leads to S-shape behaviour of I–V curves at low temperatures, which was observed either for the single junctions or for the multi-junction solar cells containing the n-GaInP/n-Ge interface. The values of the effective barrier height and width as 0.12 ± 0.05 eV and 45–55 nm, respectively, were estimated by admittance spectroscopy and by C–V profiling measurements.
Characterization of Waxy Rice Cakes (Mochi) with Rapid Hardening Quality by Instrumental and Sensory Methods
Authors: Sasaki Tomoko , Hayakawa Fumiyo , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Suzuki Keitaro , Okamoto Kazuyuki , Kohyama Kaoru 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe textural properties of cooked waxy rice cakes made from four waxy rice varieties including the unique varieties Kantomochi 172 (K172) and BC3 with the property of rapid hardening were analyzed by instrumental and sensory methods. For the instrumental analysis, a compression test, adhesiveness test, and tensile test were conducted. The waxy rice cakes made from K172 and BC3 showed significantly higher compressive force and resistance to break under tensile load. Significant difference in amylopectin chain‐length distribution was observed between each variety, and this difference strongly reflected the hardness of waxy rice cakes. The peak area ratio of amylopectin branch chains with 6–12 degrees of polymerization negatively correlated with the compressive force required for 50 and 80% strain. Sensory evaluation showed that the waxy rice cakes made from these varieties had a significantly harder, less stretchable, less smooth surface, whereas the scores for adhesiveness and ease to cut off (hagire) were preferable to those for other rice varieties.
NaStEP: A Proteinase Inhibitor Essential to Self-Incompatibility and a Positive Regulator of HT-B Stability inNicotiana alataPollen Tubes
Authors: Jiménez-Durán Karina , McClure Bruce , García-Campusano Florencia , Rodríguez-Sotres Rogelio , Cisneros Jesús , Busot Grethel , Cruz-García Felipe 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn Solanaceae, the self-incompatibility S-RNase and S-locus F-box interactions define self-pollen recognition and rejection in an S-specific manner. This interaction triggers a cascade of events involving other gene products unlinked to the S-locus that are crucial to the self-incompatibility response. To date, two essential pistil-modifier genes, 120K and High Top-Band (HT-B), have been identified in Nicotiana species. However, biochemistry and genetics indicate that additional modifier genes are required. We recently reported a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor, named NaStEP (for Nicotiana alata Stigma-Expressed Protein), that is highly expressed in the stigmas of self-incompatible Nicotiana species. Here, we report the proteinase inhibitor activity of NaStEP. NaStEP is taken up by both compatible and incompatible pollen tubes, but its suppression in Nicotiana spp. transgenic plants disrupts S-specific pollen rejection; therefore, NaStEP is a novel pistil-modifier gene. Furthermore, HT-B levels within the pollen tubes are reduced when NaStEP-suppressed pistils are pollinated with either compatible or incompatible pollen. In wild-type self-incompatible N. alata, in contrast, HT-B degradation occurs preferentially in compatible pollinations. Taken together, these data show that the presence of NaStEP is required for the stability of HT-B inside pollen tubes during the rejection response, but the underlying mechanism is currently unknown.
Population Composition and Ectoparasite Prevalence on Bats (Sturnira ludovici; Phyllostomidae) in Forest Fragments and Coffee Plantations of Central Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Saldaña‐Vázquez Romeo A. , Castro‐Luna Alejandro A. , Sandoval‐Ruiz Cesar A. , Hernández‐Montero Jesús R. , Stoner Kathryn E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractStudies comparing the abundance of frugivorous bats in shade‐coffee plantations and forest fragments report contradictory results, and have not taken into account the landscape context in which coffee plantations are immersed. Variables of population composition such as abundance, sex proportion, and reproductive condition, together with biological tags (i.e., bat fly prevalence), can provide information about spatiotemporal dynamics of habitats used by bats. In the central part of Veracruz, Mexico, we compared population variables and ectoparasite prevalence of the highland yellow‐shouldered bat (Sturnira ludovici) in two landscapes, one dominated by shade‐coffee plantations and another by forest fragments. Comparing these attributes between these two landscapes will increase our knowledge about the role of this agro‐ecosystem in the conservation of this species, which is an important seed disperser of cloud forest vegetation. Total abundance and proportion of females was greater in forest fragments than in coffee plantations, whereas the percentage of reproductive females and bat fly prevalence was similar between landscapes. Our results show that landscapes with forest fragments harbor the greatest abundance of S. ludovici, but shade‐coffee plantations also are utilized by S. ludovici and likely adjacent forest remnants provide enough food resources for this species and other frugivores. Moreover, this study provides more evidence documenting the importance of preserving the last cloud forest fragments in the central region of Veracruz, Mexico, and suggests that using shade‐coffee plantations to connect forest fragments may be an effective way of maintaining populations of S. ludovici and likely other volant frugivores.