bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic properties and charge carrier mobilities of graphynes and graphdiynes from first principles
Authors: Xi Jinyang , Wang Dong , Shuai Zhigang 
Published: December 2014

The sp1 + sp2 hybridized carbon allotropes, graphynes (GYs) and graphdiynes (GDYs), have attracted increased attention, and researches from both theoretical and experimental communities are emerging. Theoretical calculations show that the electronic properties of GYs and GDYs can be tuned by straining, cutting into nanoribbons with different widths and edge morphology, and applying external electric fields. Due to their unique electronic properties, GYs and GDYs exhibit charge carrier mobility as high as ∼104–105 cm2 V−1 second−1 at room temperature based on the first‐principle calculations and the Boltzmann transport equation. Interestingly, the charge carrier mobility in 6,6,12‐GY with double Dirac cone structure is found to be even larger than that in graphene at room temperature. Through an in‐depth description of electron–phonon couplings by density functional perturbation theory, it is suggested that the intrinsic charge carrier transport in these carbon allotropes is dominated by the longitudinal acoustic phonon scatterings over a wide range of temperatures, although scatterings with optical phonon modes cannot be neglected at high temperatures. The unique electronic properties of GYs and GDYs make them highly promising for applications in next generation nanoelectronics. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:215–227. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1213This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits ovulation and induces granulosa cell death in rat ovaries
Authors: Yamamoto Yuri , Kuwahara Akira , Taniguchi Yuka , Yamasaki Mikio , Tanaka Yu , Mukai Yukari , Yamashita Mizuho , Matsuzaki Toshiya , Yasui Toshiyuki , Irahara Minoru 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in rat ovulation and granulosa cell death of ovarian follicles during the periovulatory stage.MethodsImmature rats primed with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin were injected intraperitoneally with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and TNFα was injected into the bursa 48 h later. The total number of released oocytes was counted. Apoptosis was measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl‐2. Autophagy was assessed by the expression of light chain protein 3 (LC3) and autophagosomes under transmission electron microscopy.ResultsTNFα significantly decreased the number of released oocytes, and many unruptured follicles were observed. TUNEL analysis revealed a larger number of apoptotic cells, and the cleaved caspase 3 and Bax/Bcl‐2 increased more than that of the control 12 h after hCG administration. Furthermore, the expression of LC3 wwas significantly higher than that of the control, and autophagosomes were observed in the cytoplasm.ConclusionsOur data indicated that TNFα is an important mediator of ovulation in terms of decreasing the number of released oocytes and inducing granulosa cell death of unruptured follicles via apoptosis and autophagy for remodeling ovarian tissues.
The complex Impact of Five Years of Stress Related to Life-Threatening Events on Pregnancy Outcomes: A Preliminary Retrospective Study
Authors: Keren M. , Keren N. , Eden A. , Tsangen S. , Weizman A. , Zalsman G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjective:To study the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors in the form of daily missile attacks, for five consecutive years, on pregnancy outcomes.Method:Charts of deliveries from two neighboring towns in the south of Israel, covering the years 2000 and 2003–2008, were reviewed retrospectively. One city had been exposed to missile attacks, while the other was not. For each year, 100 charts were chosen at random.Results:Significant association was found between exposure to stress and frequency of pregnancy complications (P = 0.047) and premature membrane rupture (P = 0.029). A more detailed analysis, based on dividing the stressful years into three distinct periods: early (2003–2004), intermediate (2005–2006) and late (2007–2008), revealed that preterm deliveries were significantly more frequent (P = 0.044) during the intermediate period, as was premature membrane rupture during the late period (P = 0.014).Conclusion:Exposure to chronic life-threatening stress resulted in more pregnancy complications and in particular more premature membrane ruptures. The impact was most significant during the middle period of the 5-year-exposure to the stressor. Hence it seems that factors of duration and habituation may play a role in the impact of chronic, life-threatening stressors on pregnancy.
Are Stressful Life Events Causally Related to the Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms? A Monozygotic Twin Difference Study
Authors: Vidal-Ribas P. , Stringaris A. , Rück C. , Serlachius E. , Lichtenstein P. , Mataix-Cols D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTraumatic or stressful life events have long been hypothesized to play a role in causing or precipitating obsessive-compulsive symptoms but the impact of these environmental factors has rarely been investigated using genetically informative designs. We tested whether a wide range of retrospectively-reported stressful life events (SLEs) influence the lifetime presence and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) in a large Swedish population-based cohort of 22,084 twins. Multiple regression models examined whether differences in SLEs within twin pairs were significantly associated with differences in OCS. In the entire sample (i.e., both monozygotic [MZ] and dizygotic twin pairs), two SLEs factors, “abuse and family disruption” and “sexual abuse”, were significantly associated with the severity of OCS even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Other SLEs factors were either not associated with OCS (“loss”, “non-sexual assault”) or were no longer associated with OCS after controlling for depression (“illness/injury”). Within MZ pair analyses, which effectively control for genetic and shared environmental effects, showed that only the “abuse and family disruption” factor remained independently related to within-pair differences in OCS severity, even after controlling for depressive symptoms. Despite being statistically significant, the magnitude of the associations was small; “abuse and family disruption” explained approximately 3% of the variance in OCS severity. We conclude that OCS are selectively associated with certain types of stressful life events. In particular, a history of interpersonal abuse, neglect and family disruption may make a modest but significant contribution to the severity of OCS. Further replication in longitudinal cohorts is essential before causality can be firmly established.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of parents regarding pediatric antiepileptic drug therapy
Authors: Shaju Minumaria , Vinayan Kollencheri , Abraham Suja 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the parental knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding the antiepileptic medication therapy in childhood.
Methods This study was carried out over a period of 10 months in the division of Pediatric Neurology of Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences. The cohort of patients was selected randomly meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Parents' KAP regarding epilepsy and antiepileptic drug therapy was assessed using a questionnaire prepared by the authors and patient adherence towards antiepileptic drug therapy by using Pediatric Epilepsy Self-Management Questionnaire (PEMSQ).
Results A total of 123 patients were selected and enrolled in the study. Seventy eight percent of the respondents knew that epilepsy is a brain disorder, while only 6% of them were aware about all the treatment options. The scoring in the domain of “Disease and Treatment Knowledge & Expectations of parents” was found to be significantly low (69.07%) when compared to other domains in the PEMSQ. Although socioeconomic status did not correlate with knowledge score of the parents (p = 0.216), it was significantly related to adherence (p = 0.042).
Conclusion In this cohort, even though the parents had a fair knowledge about the nature of epilepsy, they were found to be less aware about its characteristics, causes and prognosis. The awareness about the nature and duration of treatment, its objectives, use of drugs, their side effects and importance of adherence to drug regimen was found to be significantly low with a potential for affecting the therapeutic outcome. Special awareness programs for parents of children with epilepsy may be needed to reduce the knowledge gaps in the management of epilepsy and to ensure compliance and optimal therapeutic outcomes.
IDEAL PROJECTIONS AND FORCING PROJECTIONS
Authors: COX SEAN , ZEMAN MARTIN 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt is well known that saturation of ideals is closely related to the “antichain-catching” phenomenon from Foreman–Magidor–Shelah [10]. We consider several antichain-catching properties that are weaker than saturation, and prove:(1)If${\cal I}$is a normal ideal on$\omega _2 $which satisfiesstationary antichain catching, then there is an inner model with a Woodin cardinal;(2)For any$n \in \omega $, it is consistent relative to large cardinals that there is a normal ideal${\cal I}$on$\omega _n $which satisfiesprojective antichain catching, yet${\cal I}$is not saturated (or even strong). This provides a negative answer to Open Question number 13 from Foreman’s chapter in the Handbook of Set Theory ([7]).
DIFFERENTIATION IN P-MINIMAL STRUCTURES AND A
p-ADIC LOCAL MONOTONICITY THEOREM
Authors: KUIJPERS TRISTAN , LEENKNEGT EVA 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe prove a p-adic, local version of the Monotonicity Theorem for
P-minimal structures. The existence of such a theorem was
originally conjectured by Haskell and Macpherson. We approach the problem by
considering the first order strict derivative. In particular, we show that, for
a wide class of P-minimal structures, the definable functions
f : K → K are
almost everywhere strictly differentiable and satisfy the Local Jacobian
Property.
Holomorphic Line Bundles Over Domains in Cousin Groups and the Algebraic Dimension of Oeljeklaus-Toma Manifolds
Authors: Battisti Laurent , Oeljeklaus Karl 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper we extend results due to Vogt on line bundles over Cousin groups to the case of domains stable by the maximal compact subgroup. This is used to show that the algebraic dimension of Oeljeklaus—Toma manifolds (OT-manifolds) is 0. In the last part we establish that certain Cousin groups, in particular those arising from the construction of OT-manifolds, have finite-dimensional irregularity.
Hostels for Jobless Workers in Interwar Yugoslavia (1921–1941)
Authors: Petrungaro Stefano 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the establishment of a network of hostels for unemployed workers in Yugoslavia between the two world wars. The analysis investigates the legal, political, and institutional background to these hostels, and how they were conceived and financed. By looking at the development of a new public social policy from the perspective of the jobless, the article aims to examine the nature, goals, and especially the boundaries of a modern provision for Yugoslav workers, namely its strategies and practices of social inclusion and exclusion. The article reveals how a modern concept of unemployment gradually emerged. These hostels were not part of a traditional policy on poverty; they were the expression of a new and more modern form of social policy. The article further shows how new social differences and distances between “non-working” people were created, and what specific impact those differences and distances had on the functioning of these institutions.
Human-induced eutrophication maintains high parasite prevalence in breeding threespine stickleback populations
Authors: BUDRIA ALEXANDRE , CANDOLIN ULRIKA 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYAnthropogenic activities are having profound impacts on species interactions, with further consequences for populations and communities. We investigated the influence that anthropogenic eutrophication has on the prevalence of the parasitic tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus in threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus populations. We caught stickleback from four areas along the coast of Finland, and within each area from one undisturbed and one eutrophied habitat. We found the prevalence of the parasite to be lower in the eutrophied habitats at the start of the breeding season, probably because of fewer piscivorous birds that transmit the parasite. However, while the prevalence of the parasite declined across the season in the undisturbed habitat, it did less so in eutrophied habitats. We discuss different processes that could be behind the differences, such as lower predation rate on infected fish, higher food availability and less dispersal in eutrophied habitats. We found no effect of eutrophication on the proportion of infected stickleback that entered reproductive condition. Together with earlier findings, this suggests that eutrophication increases the proportion of infected stickleback that reproduce. This could promote the evolution of less parasite resistant populations, with potential consequences for the viability of the interacting parties of the host–parasite system.
Genetic and environmental influences on obsessive–compulsive behaviour across development: a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Krebs G. , Waszczuk M. A. , Zavos H. M. S. , Bolton D. , Eley T. C. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundLittle is known about the factors influencing the stability of obsessive–compulsive behaviour (OCB) from childhood to adolescence. The current study aimed to investigate: (1) the stability of paediatric OCB over a 12-year period; (2) the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence stability; and (3) the extent to which these influences are stable or dynamic across development.MethodThe sample included 14 743 twins from a population-based study. Parental ratings of severity of OCB were collected at ages 4, 7, 9 and 16 years.ResultsOCB was found to be moderately stable over time. The genetic influence on OCB at each age was moderate, with significant effects also of non-shared environment. Genetic factors exerted a substantial influence on OCB persistence, explaining 59–80% of the stability over time. The results indicated genetic continuity, whereby genetic influences at each age continue to affect the expression of OCB at subsequent ages. However, we also found evidence for genetic attenuation in that genetic influences at one age decline in their influence over time, and genetic innovation whereby new genes ‘come on line’ at each age. Non-shared environment influenced stability of OCB to a lesser extent and effects were largely unique to each age and displayed negligible influences on OCB at later time points.ConclusionsOCB appears to be moderately stable across development, and stability is largely driven by genetic factors. However, the genetic effects are not entirely constant, but rather the genetic influence on OCB appears to be a developmentally dynamic process.
The Scientific Basis of Medication Choice in Symptomatic Migraine Treatment
Authors: Goadsby Peter J. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT:With the rapid advances in the treatment of acute attacks of migraine in the last few years and a number of new treatments, has come the practical clinical problem of comparing emerging acute attack therapies alone and with regard to current treatments. Acute migraine therapies can usefully be regarded as non-specific and specific, from the perspective of migraine, since some medicines, such as aspirin or paracetamol, are used to treat pain more broadly. In this review I will compare both non-specific and specific compounds. To some extent the introduction into trial then clinical use of sumatriptan, the first of the 5HT1B/1D agonists or triptans, brought new standards in both clinical trial design, and execution and clinical outcome. Thus sumatriptan has become the de facto gold standard and will be thus employed here. To be practical the discussion of the new triptans will be limited to those available widely, naratriptan, rizatriptan and zolmitriptan. There are two broad issues when comparing treatments: what end-point should be considered and then, how can different compounds be compared with respect to that end-point. In terms of end-points those used here relate to pain relief because they have been collected robustly in the clinical studies and, fortunately, rapid pain relief is what patients questioned in population-based studies rate highest in an acute attack medicine. Headache pain has been rated on a scale of nil, mild, moderate and severe and success rated as either a response, nil or mild pain, or headache free, nil pain, at two or four hours. The ideal comparison of the triptans would be a randomized controlled clinical trial directly comparing the medicines in each case. Given that these are not available for all the compounds and the well characterised placebo response in acute migraine studies, summary measures have been developed to express the differences between compounds to try and adjust for the varying placebo effect. The two most widely used are the therapeutic gain, response on active medication minus response on placebo, and the number-needed-to-treat (NNT). The NNT is the reciprocal of the therapeutic gain as a proportion. The strengths and weaknesses of this approach will be discussed, including the importance of the calculation of confidence intervals. It can be concluded that our current instruments are rather blunt and patient preference needs much greater study.
Responsiveness of the Scripps Neurologic Rating Scale During a Multiple Sclerosis Clinical Trial
Authors: Koziol James A. , Lucero Adriana , Sipe Jack C. , Romine John S. , Beutler Ernest 
Published: December 2014

Objective:The Scripps neurologic rating scale (SNRS) is a summary measure of individual components comprising a neurological examination, designed for use in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective is to evaluate the responsiveness of the SNRS, within the context of a 2-year, randomized, double-blind crossover study of the efficacy of cladribine for treatment of secondary progressive MS.Methods:Effect sizes were determined for the SNRS and its components, separately for each treatment group (initial placebo, and initial cladribine) over both years of the clinical trial, using a standard random effects model.Results:Individual components tended to show positive effect sizes (improvement) during periods of active therapy in both treatment groups, and negative effect sizes (deterioration) during periods of no active therapy. Summation indices derived from the individual components of the SNRS seemed somewhat more stable than the individual components. The two components mentation and mood, and bladder, bowel, or sexual dysfunction, were rather unresponsive in our clinical trial.Conclusion:Changes in the components of the SNRS over the course of our clinical trial were consistent between the two treatment groups. Most components were moderately responsive; and, the summary SNRS score appropriately summarized the moderate magnitudes of change evinced in the individual components.
Temporal Dermoid Cyst with a Partial Dermal Sinus Tract
Authors: Shehadi Joseph A. , Johnston Karen M. , Alorainy Ibrahim A. 
Published: December 2014

Background:Cranial dermal sinuses are rare and occur most frequently in the posterior fossa and along the midline. Likewise, supratentorial dermoid cysts are very uncommon.Method:We report a unique case of an adult female patient with both a supratentorial dermoid cyst and an incomplete dermal sinus tract.Results:The patient is a 31-year-old female, who presented with a new onset complex partial seizure. Neuroimaging and surgery revealed a right superior temporal dermoid cyst with an associated dermal sinus tract. Furthermore, the dermal sinus tract was incomplete and had no cutaneous manifestations.Conclusion:We present a rare patient with an off midline supratentorial dermoid cyst associated with a uniquely incomplete cranial dermal sinus tract. The dermal sinus tract involved the bone, dura and intradural compartment, without involving the overlying skin. This represents a novel variant in the spectrum of cranial dermal sinus abnormalities.
Callosal Atrophy Correlates with Temporal Lobe Volume and Mental Status in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Black Sandra E. , Moffat Scott D. , Yu David C. , Parker Jayson , Stanchev Peter , Bronskill Michael 
Published: December 2014

Background:Recent studies have reported significant atrophy of the corpus callosum (CC) in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, it is currently unknown whether CC atrophy is associated with specific cortical volume changes in AD. Moreover, possible atrophy in extra-callosal commissures has not been examined to date. The purpose of the present study was to quantify atrophy in two cerebral commissures [the CC and the anterior commissure (AC)], to correlate this measure with cognitive status, and to relate commissural size to independent measures of temporal lobe volume in AD patients.Methods:A sample of AD patients and of age- and education-matched normal control subjects (NCs) underwent MRI and a cognitive test battery including the Dementia Rating Scale and Mini Mental State examination. Mid-sagittal regional areas within CC and AC were measured along with superior, middle and inferior temporal lobes volumes.Results:Alzheimer's Disease patients had significantly smaller callosa than did NCs. The callosal regions most affected in AD included the midbody, isthmus and genu. The isthmus and midbody areas of the CC were positively correlated with cognitive performance and with superior temporal lobe volume in AD patients. The mid-sagittal area of the AC and the superior temporal volumes did not differ between AD patients and NCs.Conclusion:The study demonstrated that the regional morphology of the CC correlates with current cognitive status and temporal lobe atrophy in AD. As well, the lack of difference for the AC suggests that commissural atrophy in AD is regionally specific.
The Role of Stereotactic Cyst Aspiration for Glial and Metastatic Brain Tumors
Authors: Niranjan Ajay , Witham Timothy , Kondziolka Douglas , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: December 2014

Objective:To evaluate the role of stereotactic cyst aspiration in the context of multimodality management of cystic glial and metastatic tumors, we retrospectively reviewed our experience with 38 patients during a 10-year interval.Methods:All 38 patients had one or more computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging guided stereotactic cyst aspirations. Twenty-seven patients had glial neoplasms and 11 had metastatic brain tumors. Twenty-two patients underwent cyst aspiration as the initial treatment modality while 15 patients had cyst aspiration following previous treatments.Results:In the immediate postoperative period, 19 of the 27 (70%) patients with gliomas and nine of the 11 (82%) patients with metastatic tumors experienced symptomatic improvement. No procedure-related morbidity was encountered. Twelve patients (31.5%) eventually required a catheter-reservoir system. Thirty-seven percent of patients with cystic glial neoplasms and 18% of patients with metastatic tumors had delayed cytoreductive surgery by craniotomy subsequent to stereotactic cyst aspiration. Reduction in tumor volume following aspiration facilitated Gamma knife radiosurgery in seven patients.Conclusion:Single stereotactic aspiration is a low risk procedure that provides immediate relief of symptoms in patients with cystic brain tumors. It appears to be valuable together with the use of other therapeutic strategies.