bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A plant to plate pilot: a cold‐climate high school garden increased vegetable selection but also waste
Authors: Wansink Brian , Hanks Andrew S. , Just David R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimCan high school gardens in cold climates influence vegetable intake in the absence of nutrition education?MethodsThis study followed a before/after design where student tray‐waste data were collected using the quarter‐waste method. The study took place March–April 2012 in a high school in upstate New York. The subjects were 370 enrolled high school students that purchased lunch from the school cafeteria. Prior to the introduction of garden greens in the salad, salads were served as usual. On April 24, harvested greens were included in the salad, and changes in selection and plate waste were measured.ResultsWhen the salad bar contained garden produce, the percentage of students selecting salad rose from 2% to 10% (p < 0.001), and on average, students ate two‐thirds of the serving they took. Although waste increased relative to the control (from 5.56% to 33.33% per serving; p = 0.007), more students were consuming at least some salad.ConclusionThis preliminary investigation suggests that school gardens increased selection and intake of school‐raised produce. Although a third was not eaten, it is promising to see that still more produce was consumed compared to the past.
A note on the empirical likelihood confidence band for hazards ratio with covariate adjustment
Authors: Zhu Shihong , Yang Yifan , Zhou Mai 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn medical studies comparing two treatments in the presence of censored data, the stratified Cox model is an important tool that has the ability to flexibly handle non‐proportional hazards while allowing parsimonious covariate adjustment. In order to capture the cumulative treatment effect, the ratio of the treatment specific cumulative baseline hazards is often used as a measure of the treatment effect. Pointwise and simultaneous confidence bands associated with the estimated ratio provide a global picture of how the treatment effect evolves over time. Recently, Dong and Matthews (2012,Biometrics68, 408–418) proposed to construct a pointwise confidence interval for the ratio using a plug‐in type empirical likelihood approach. However, their result on the limiting distribution of the empirical likelihood ratio is generally incorrect and the resulting confidence interval is asymptotically undercovering. In this article, we derive the correct limiting distribution for the likelihood ratio statistic. We also present simulation studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Quantile regression with a change‐point model for longitudinal data: An application to the study of cognitive changes in preclinical alzheimer's disease
Authors: Li Chenxi , Dowling N. Maritza , Chappell Rick 
Published: April 2015

SummaryProgressive and insidious cognitive decline that interferes with daily life is the defining characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Epidemiological studies have found that the pathological process of AD begins years before a clinical diagnosis is made and can be highly variable within a given population. Characterizing cognitive decline in the preclinical phase of AD is critical for the development of early intervention strategies when disease‐modifying therapies may be most effective. In the last decade, there has been an increased interest in the application of change‐point models to longitudinal cognitive outcomes prior to and after diagnosis. Most of the proposed statistical methodology for describing decline relies upon distributional assumptions that may not hold. In this article, we introduce a quantile regression with a change‐point model for longitudinal data of cognitive function in persons bound to develop AD. A change‐point in our model reflects the transition from the cognitive decline due to normal aging to the accelerated decline due to disease progression. Quantile regression avoids common distributional assumptions on cognitive outcomes and allows the covariate effects and the change‐point to vary for different quantiles of the response. We provided an approach for estimating the model parameters, including the change‐point, and presented inferential procedures based on the asymptotic properties of the estimators. A simulation study showed that the estimation and inferential procedures perform reasonably well in finite samples. The practical use of our model was illustrated by an application to longitudinal episodic memory outcomes from two cohort studies of aging and AD.
Meningeal blood flow is controlled by H2S‐NO crosstalk activating a HNO‐TRPA1‐CGRP signalling pathway
Authors: Dux Mária , Will Christine , Vogler Birgit , Filipovic Milos R , Messlinger Karl 
Published: April 2015

Background and PurposeMeningeal blood flow is controlled by CGRP released from trigeminal afferents and NO mainly produced in arterial endothelium. The vasodilator effect of NO may be due to the NO–derived compound, nitroxyl (HNO), generated through reaction with endogenous H2S. We investigated the involvement of HNO in CGRP release and meningeal blood flow.Experimental ApproachBlood flow in exposed dura mater of rats was recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry. CGRP release from the dura mater in the hemisected rat head was quantified using an elisa. NO and H2S were localized histochemically with specific sensors.Key ResultsTopical administration of the NO donor diethylamine‐NONOate increased meningeal blood flow by 30%. Pretreatment with oxamic acid, an inhibitor of H2S synthesis, reduced this effect. Administration of Na2S increased blood flow by 20%, an effect abolished by the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP8‐37 or the TRPA1 channel antagonist HC030031 and reduced when endogenous NO synthesis was blocked. Na2S dose‐dependently increased CGRP release two‐ to threefold. Co‐administration of diethylamine‐NONOate facilitated CGRP release, while inhibition of endogenous NO or H2S synthesis lowered basal CGRP release. NO and H2S were mainly localized in arterial vessels, HNO additionally in nerve fibre bundles. HNO staining was lost after treatment with L‐NMMA and oxamic acid.Conclusions and ImplicationsNO and H2S cooperatively increased meningeal blood flow by forming HNO, which activated TRPA1 cation channels in trigeminal fibres, inducing CGRP release. This HNO‐TRPA1‐CGRP signalling pathway may be relevant to the pathophysiology of headaches.
Inhibition of breast cancer progression by a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, LW479, by down‐regulating EGFR expression
Authors: Li Jingjie , Zhang Tao , Yang Feifei , He Yuan , Dai Fujun , Gao Dan , Chen Yihua , Liu Mingyao , Yi Zhengfang 
Published: April 2015

Background and PurposeCompounds targeting epigenetic events of tumours are likely to be an important addition to anticancer therapy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) have emerged as a promising novel class for therapeutic interventions associated with cancer, and many of them are currently in clinical investigation. Here, we assessed a novel hydroxamate‐based HDACI, LW479, in breast cancer progression and explored its underlying mechanism(s).Experimental ApproachLW479 was identified using the HDACI screening kit. Western blot and flow cytometry were used to analyse the biological effects of LW479 as a novel HDACI. The effects of LW479 were assessed in mouse models of spontaneous and experimental breast cancer. Co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays along with immunohistochemical analysis, were used to elucidate the molecular basis of the actions of LW479.Key ResultsLW479 was identified as a novel HDACI and showed marked cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis, as well as cell cycle arrest, in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. Intraperitoneal injections of LW479 markedly suppressed breast tumour growth and pulmonary metastasis in nude mice. LW479 also decreased levels of EGF receptors (EGFR) by blocking the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 and HDAC1 to the EGFR promoter region.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data have elucidated the mechanisms underlying the inhibition by LW479 of tumour growth and metastasis, in models of breast cancer with aberrant EGFR expression. LW479 could be a candidate drug for breast cancer prevention.
Simvastatin alleviates cardiac fibrosis induced by infarction via up‐regulation of TGF‐β receptor III expression
Authors: Sun Fei , Duan Wenqi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Lingling , Qile Muge , Liu Zengyan , Qiu Fang , Zhao Dan , Lu Yanjie , Chu Wenfeng 
Published: April 2015

Background and PurposeStatins decrease heart disease risk, but their mechanisms are not completely understood. We examined the role of the TGF‐β receptor III (TGFBR3) in the inhibition of cardiac fibrosis by simvastatin.Experimental ApproachMyocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice given simvastatin orally for 7 days. Cardiac fibrosis was measured by Masson staining and electron microscopy. Heart function was evaluated by echocardiography. Signalling through TGFBR3, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 pathways was measured using Western blotting. Collagen content and cell viability were measured in cultures of neonatal mouse cardiac fibroblasts (NMCFs). Interactions between TGFBR3 and the scaffolding protein, GAIP‐interacting protein C‐terminus (GIPC) were detected using co‐immunoprecipitation (co‐IP). In vivo, hearts were injected with lentivirus carrying shRNA for TGFBR3.Key ResultsSimvastatin prevented fibrosis following MI, improved heart ultrastructure and function, up‐regulated TGFBR3 and decreased ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation. Simvastatin up‐regulated TGFBR3 in NMCFs, whereas silencing TGFBR3 reversed inhibitory effects of simvastatin on cell proliferation and collagen production. Simvastatin inhibited ERK1/2 and JNK signalling while silencing TGFBR3 opposed this effect. Co‐IP demonstrated TGFBR3 binding to GIPC. Overexpressing TGFBR3 inhibited ERK1/2 and JNK signalling which was abolished by knock‐down of GIPC. In vivo, suppression of cardiac TGFBR3 abolished anti‐fibrotic effects, improvement of cardiac function and changes in related proteins after simvastatin.Conclusions and ImplicationsTGFBR3 mediated the decreased cardiac fibrosis, collagen deposition and fibroblast activity, induced by simvastatin, following MI. These effects involved GIPC inhibition of the ERK1/2/JNK pathway.
Risk factors for postoperative complications after total laryngectomy following radiotherapy or chemoradiation: a 10‐year retrospective longitudinal study in Eastern Denmark
Authors: Wulff N.B. , Kristensen C.A. , Andersen E. , Charabi B. , Sørensen C.H. , Homøe P. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the rates of and risk factors for postoperative complications following total laryngectomy in patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingTertiary medical centres.ParticipantsA total of 143 patients undergoing total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx or hypopharynx.Main outcome measuresOverall postoperative complications and fistula formation.ResultsOverall postoperative complications, fistula formation, wound infection, bleeding and wound necrosis within one year after total laryngectomy occurred in 56.6%, 42.3%, 31.0%, 11.3% and 9.2% of patients, respectively. Stenosis of the pharynx/oesophagus and stoma shrinkage within five years after surgery were each seen in 18.2% of cases. In 66.7% of cases, conservative treatment of the fistulas was chosen. Rehospitalisations within five years occurred for 44.8% with a median rate of 1.5 (range 1–11). Smoking status (P = 0.005 and 0.013) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (P = 0.013 and 0.011) were significant risk factors for both overall postoperative complications and fistula formation in uni‐ and multivariate analysis. Tumour localisation in the hypopharynx was associated with overall postoperative complications (P = 0.036). Residual tumour or cancer recurrence was associated with late‐onset fistulas (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe frequencies of postoperative complications after total laryngectomy were comparable with similar international studies, although fistula formation rate is increasing in Denmark. We suggest optimising treatment of COPD and to further encourage to smoking cessation. We propose that development of fistulas >2 months after surgery prompts immediate biopsies. Additionally, we suggest standardised registration of surgical techniques to identify variables affecting the frequency of postoperative complications.
UK service level audit of insulin pump therapy in paediatrics
Authors: Ghatak A. , Paul P. , Hawcutt D. B. , White H. D. , Furlong N. J. , Saunders S. , Morrison G. , Langridge P. , Weston P. J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo conduct an audit of insulin pump therapy in the UK after the issue of guidelines for the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by NICE in 2008 (Technology Appraisal 151).MethodsAll centres in the UK, providing pump services to children and young people were invited to participate in an online audit. Audit metrics were aligned to NICE Technology Appraisal 151 and an electronic data collection tool was used.ResultsOf the 176 UK centres identified as providing pump services, 166 (94.3%) participated in the study. A total of 5094 children and young people were identified as using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (19% of all paediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes), with a median (range) of 16.9 (0.67–69.4)% per centre. Units had a median of 0.58 consultant sessions, 0.43 full‐time equivalent diabetic specialist nurses, and 0.1 full‐time equivalent dieticians delivering the pump service. The majority of this time was not formally funded. Families could access 24‐h clinical and technical support (83% units), although the delivery varied between consultant, diabetic specialist nurse and company representatives. Only 53% of units ran, or accessed, structured education programmes for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion use. Most units (86%) allowed continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion use for paediatric inpatients, but only 56% had written guidelines for this scenario. Nine percent of units had encountered funding refusal for a patient fulfilling NICE (Technology Appraisal 151) criteria.ConclusionThe number of children and young people on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy is consistent with numbers estimated by NICE. There is a worrying lack of funded healthcare professional time. The audit also identified gaps in the provision of structured education and absence of written inpatient guidelines.
Impact of socio‐economic position on health and quality of care in adults with Type 2 diabetes in France: the Entred 2007 study
Authors: Fosse‐Edorh S. , Fagot‐Campagna A. , Detournay B. , Bihan H. , Eschwege E. , Gautier A. , Druet C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo describe the association between socio‐economic position, health status and quality of diabetes care in people with Type 2 diabetes in France, where people may receive full healthcare coverage for chronic disease.MethodsData from a national cross‐sectional survey performed in people pharmacologically treated for diabetes were used. They combined data from medical claims, hospital discharge, questionnaires for patients (n = 3894 with Type 2 diabetes) and their physicians (n = 2485). Socio‐economic position was assessed using educational level (low, intermediate, high) and ability to make ends meet (financial difficulties vs. financially comfortable).ResultsPeople with diabetes reporting financial difficulties were more likely to be smokers (adjusted odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.6) and obese (adjusted odds ratio 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.6) and to have poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c > 64 mmol/mol (8%); adjusted odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.8), than those who were financially comfortable. They were more likely to have their diabetes diagnosed because of complications (adjusted odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI 1.3–2.0). They were also more likely to have coronary and podiatric complications (adjusted odds ratios 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.6 and 1.7; 95% CI 1.4–2.2, respectively). They benefited more often from full coverage (adjusted odds ratio 1.3; 95% CI 1.1–1.6), visited general practitioners more often (ratio of estimated marginal means 1.2; 95% CI 1.1–1.2) but specialists less often (adjusted odds ratio 0.7; 95% CI 0.6–0.8 for a visit to private ophthalmologist). They also felt less well informed about their condition.ConclusionsDespite frequent access to full healthcare coverage, socio‐economic position has an impact on the diagnosis of diabetes, health status and quality of diabetes care in France.
A prospective, multicenter phase II study of continuous infusion of FLAG for patients older than 60 yr with resistant acute myeloid leukemia: a comparison with intensive younger patients’ trial
Authors: Kim Hawk , Lee Je‐Hwan , Joo Young‐Don , Bae Sung Hwa , Lee Jung‐Hee , Kim Dae‐Young , Lee Won‐Sik , Ryoo Hun‐Mo , Jo Jae‐Cheol , Choi Yunsuk , Lee Kyoo‐Hyung ,   CoOperative Study Group A for Hematology (COSAH)
Published: April 2015

AbstractRelapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) in elderly (≥60 yr old) patients were eligible. Induction chemotherapy consisted fludarabine and cytarabine (ARAC) as a 24‐hr CI without idarubicin (C‐FLAG), which was compared with the results of C‐FLAG with idarubicin (CI‐FLAG2) in younger patients’ trial. A total of 33 and 68 patients were enrolled in C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, respectively. CR, CRp, and CRi were achieved in 10 (30.3%), 3 (9.1%), and 2 (6.1%), respectively. When comparing outcomes between C‐FLAG and CI‐FLAG2, there were no difference in terms of CR rate (P = 0.572) and objective response rate (ORR; P = 0.899). Favorable predictors on ORR in C‐FLAG were PB WBC ≤ 20K/uL at salvage (P = 0.024) and early evaluation peripheral BLAST = 0% (P = 0.013) on multivariate analysis. The overall survival of patients who achieve CR/CRp/CRi showed significantly prolonged survival compared with patients who did not in C‐FLAG (P < 0.001) and was a favorable predictor of longer survival by multivariate analysis (P = 0.009). Median overall survival was 3.19 (95% CI, 2.05–4.33) months and similar with that of CI‐FLAG2 (P = 0.841). Attenuated salvage regimen C‐FLGA in elderly patients was as effective as more intensive younger patients’ regimen CI‐FLAG2 in terms of response and survival although elderly patients had more unfavorable clinical characteristics.
Brentuximab vedotin desensitization in a patient with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Arora Anubha , Bhatt Vijaya Raj , Liewer Susanne , Armitage James O. , Bociek R. Gregory 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBrentuximab vedotin has emerged as a useful treatment option for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma; however, uncommon cases of anaphylactic reactions may require its permanent discontinuation. We report a 29‐yr‐old woman with refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma, who developed an anaphylactic reaction during the second dose of brentuximab vedotin. A 12‐step desensitization protocol was followed; after premedicating with antihistaminic agents, methylprednisolone and montelukast, a total dose of 156 mg of brentuximab vedotin (1.8 mg/kg) was given as three infusions with increasing rate and concentration. Such desensitization protocol can allow safe administration of brentuximab vedotin and may have a broader applicability in managing hypersensitivity reactions with other monoclonal antibodies.
Gestation and birth of the European Journal of Neuroscience
Authors: Cuénod Michel 
Published: April 2015

Author's BiographyMichel Cuénod served as director of the Brain Research Institute at the University of Zurich from 1984 to 1998. Since 1998, he has been invited professor at the University of Lausanne. He was president of the European Neuroscience Association from 1986 to 1988 and Editor‐in‐Chief of EJN from 1993 to 1997.
Risks from Clients and Opposing Parties for Family Law Attorneys
Authors: Bow James N. , Gottlieb Michael C. , Gould‐Saltman Hon. Dianna J. 
Published: April 2015

In this study, the risks of being a family law attorney were explored. An Internet survey was conducted to examine their experiences with a variety of problematic behaviors originating from their own clients as well as from opposing parties. The findings indicated that 28% and 67% of participants reported threats of assault by their clients and opposing parties, respectively. However, a much lower number of participants (11% and 10%) reported actually being assaulted by clients and opposing parties. In addition, 9% to 23% of participants reported problems with stalking, property damage, theft, and/or negative Internet postings. On the other hand, 50% of participants reported experiencing threats of lawsuits, bar complaints, or dismissal by clients. Ways to more effectively deal with difficult clients, reduce risks, and increase safety are discussed.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Discussion focuses on the numerous risks and challenges faced by family law attorneys in dealing with clients and opposing parties.
Ways of identifying and effectively dealing with difficult clients are reviewed.
Strategies for reducing risks and improving safety are offered.
Family Law and Nonmarital Families
Authors: Huntington Clare 
Published: April 2015

Despite the sharp increase in nonmarital childbearing, family law still places marriage at the very foundation of the legal regulation of families. Family law's doctrine draws clear distinctions between married and unmarried couples, which then carries over to the treatment of children. Family law's legal institutions created to oversee the family, particularly upon divorce, are designed for married families that have been formally recognized by the state. And traditional gender norms still inform much of family law's approach to legal regulation, particularly in the conception of legal fatherhood. After establishing that this “marital family law” undermines relationships in nonmarital families, this article proposes reforms to integrate nonmarital families into family law.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Identifies legal distinctions between marital and nonmarital families
Demonstrates how family law harms nonmarital families
Provides a blueprint for reform
Understanding Today's Changing Families
Authors: Osborne Cynthia , Ankrum Nora 
Published: April 2015

When their children are born, most unmarried parents have high expectations for the future, but they are particularly vulnerable to financial and relationship instability. Their children are disproportionately likely to experience negative health and wellbeing outcomes, in part because of low father involvement. We provide an overview of the findings in this area, drawing primarily from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and two studies conducted by the Child and Family Research Partnership at The University of Texas at Austin. We conclude that father involvement is largely a function of parental relationship quality, and that interventions designed to improve child outcomes should focus on enhancement of co‐parenting skills.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Relative to their married peers, unmarried parents face distinct barriers to financial and relationship stability.
Children of unmarried parents are more likely to experience negative outcomes for health and wellbeing, in part because of low father involvement.
One of the most consistent predictors of father involvement is the quality of the father's relationship with the mother.
Interventions that teach co‐parenting skills may enhance relationship quality and increase positive father involvement.