bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U.S. Daily Temperatures: The Meaning of Extremes in the Context of Nonnormality
Authors: Huybers P. , McKinnon K. A. , Rhines A. , Tingley M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Variations in extreme daily temperatures are explored in relation to changes in seasonal mean temperature using 1218 high-quality U.S. temperature stations spanning 1900–2012. Extreme temperatures are amplified (or damped) by as much as ±50% relative to changes in average temperature, depending on region, season, and whether daily minimum or maximum temperature is analyzed. The majority of this regional structure in amplification is shown to follow from regional variations in temperature distributions. More specifically, there exists a close relationship between departures from normality and the degree to which extreme changes are amplified relative to the mean. To distinguish between intraseasonal and interannual contributions to nonnormality and amplification, an additional procedure, referred to as z bootstrapping, is introduced that controls for changes in the mean and variance between years. Application of z bootstrapping indicates that amplification of winter extreme variations is generally consistent with nonnormal intraseasonal variability. Summer variability, in contrast, shows interannual variations in the spread of the temperature distribution related to changes in the mean, especially in the Midwest. Changes in midwestern temperature variability are qualitatively consistent with those expected from decreases in evapotranspiration and are strongly correlated with a measure of drought intensity. The identified patterns of interannual variations in means and extremes may serve as an analog for modes of variability that can be expected at longer time scales.
Cerebrolysin™ efficacy in a transgenic model of tauopathy: role in regulation of mitochondrial structure
Authors: Rockenstein Edward , Ubhi Kiren , Trejo Margarita , Mante Michael , Patrick Christina , Adame Anthony , Novak Philipp , Jech Marion , Doppler Edith , Moessler Herbert , Masliah Eliezer 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Fronto temporal lobar dementia (FTLD) are common causes of dementia in the aging population for which limited therapeutical options are available. These disorders are associated with Tau accumulation. We have previously shown that CerebrolysinTM (CBL), a neuropeptide mixture with neurotrophic effects, ameliorates the behavioral deficits and neuropathological alterations in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic (tg) mouse model of AD by reducing hyper-phosphorylated Tau. CBL has been tested in clinical trials for AD, however it’s potential beneficial effects in FTLD are unknown. For this purpose we sought to investigate the effects of CBL in a tg model of tauopathy. Accordingly, double tg mice expressing mutant Tau under the mThy-1 promoter and GSK3β (to enhance Tau phosphorylation) were treated with CBL and evaluated neuropathologically.

Results
Compared to single Tau tg mice the Tau/GSK3β double tg model displayed elevated levels of Tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration in the hippocampus. CBL treatment reduced the levels of Tau phosphorylation in the dentate gyrus and the degeneration of pyramidal neurons in the temporal cortex and hippocampus of the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice. Interestingly, the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice also displayed elevated levels of Dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp-1), a protein that hydrolyzes GTP and is required for mitochondrial division. Ultrastructural analysis of the mitochondria in the Tau/GSK3β double tg mice demonstrated increased numbers and fragmentation of mitochondria in comparison to non-tg mice. CBL treatment normalized levels of Drp-1 and restored mitochondrial structure.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the ability of CBL to ameliorate neurodegenerative pathology in the tauopathy model may involve reducing accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated Tau and reducing alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis associated with Tau.
A comparison of hallux valgus angles assessed with computerised plantar pressure measurements, clinical examination and radiography in patients with diabetes
Authors: Janssen Daniël MC , Sanders Antal P , Guldemond Nick A , Hermus Joris , Walenkamp Geert HIM , van Rhijn Lodewijk W 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundHallux valgus deformity is a common musculoskeletal foot disorder with a prevalence of 3.5% in adolescents to 35.7% in adults aged over 65 years. Radiographic measurements of hallux valgus angles (HVA) are considered to be the most reproducible and accurate assessment of HVA. However, in European countries, many podiatrists do not have direct access to radiographic facilities. Therefore, alternative measurements are desired. Such measurements are computerised plantar pressure measurement and clinical goniometry. The purpose of this study was to establish the agreement of these techniques and radiographic assessments.MethodsHVA was determined in one hundred and eighty six participants suffering from diabetes. Radiographic measurements of HVA were performed with standardised static weight bearing dorsoplantar foot radiographs.The clinical goniometry for HVA was measured with a universal goniometer. Computerised plantar pressure measurement for HVA was executed with the EMED SF‐4® pressure platform and Novel‐Ortho‐Geometry software. The intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) and levels of agreement were analysed using Bland & Altman plots.ResultsComparison of radiographic measurements to clinical goniometry for HVA showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval, 0.76 to 0.86; p<0.001). Radiographic measurement versus computerised plantar pressure measurement showed an ICC of 0.59 (95% confidence interval, 0.49 to 0.68; p<0.001). In addition, clinical goniometry versus computerised plantar pressure measurement showed an ICC of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.70 to 0.82; p<0.001). The systematic difference of the computerised plantar pressure measurement compared with radiographic measurement and clinical goniometry was 7.0 degrees (SD 6.8) and 5.2 degrees (SD 5.0), respectively. The systemic difference of radiographic measurements compared with clinical goniometry was 1.8 degrees (SD 5.0).ConclusionsThe agreement of computerised plantar pressure measurement and clinical goniometry for HVA compared to radiographic measurement of HVA is unsatisfactory. Radiographic measurements of HVA and clinical goniometry for HVA yield better agreement compared to radiographic measurements and computerised plantar pressure measurement. The traditional radiographic measurement techniques are strongly recommended for the assessment of HVA.
An EAACI “European Survey on Adverse Systemic Reactions in Allergen Immunotherapy (EASSI)”: the methodology
Authors: Calderón Moises A , Rodríguez del Río Pablo , Vidal Carmen , Just Jocelyne , Pfaar Oliver , Linneberg Allan , Demoly Pascal 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAt present, there is no European report on clinically relevant systemic reactions due to the regular use of allergen immunotherapy (AIT), administered either subcutaneously or sublingually (SCIT and SLIT, respectively) outside clinical trials. Using an electronic survey and a “harmonised terminology” according to MedDRA, we aimed to prospectively collect systemic adverse reactions due to AIT from real life clinical settings.Under the framework of the EAACI, a team of European specialists in AIT, pharmacovigilance, epidemiology and drugs regulation set up a web‐based prospective pilot survey to be conducted in three European countries (France, Germany and Spain). A designated “national coordinator” was responsible for following ethics requirements relative to each country and to select at least 30 doctors per country.Patients were recruited the same day they received their first dose of either SCIT or SLIT. Patient inclusion criteria were: adults and children, with IgE mediated pollen, house dust mite, Alternaria, and/or animal dander respiratory allergies who will initiate AIT.A list of 31 symptoms terms were extracted from the MedDRA (Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities) dictionary to harmonize the reporting of all adverse systemic reactions in this survey.The SurveyMonkey® online instrument was used by participant doctors to submit information directly to a blinded central database.Three questionnaires were generated: i) the Doctor Questionnaire, ii) the Patient Questionnaire and iii) the Adverse Reaction Questionnaire. A handbook and a mistake report form were given to each doctor.In this paper, we describe the methodology followed.
The clinical characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies and a consideration of prodromal diagnosis
Authors: Donaghy Paul C , McKeith Ian G 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common type of degenerative dementia following Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DLB is clinically and pathologically related to Parkinson's disease (PD) and PD dementia, and the three disorders can be viewed as existing on a spectrum of Lewy body disease. In recent years there has been a concerted effort to establish the phenotypes of AD and PD in the prodromal phase (before the respective syndromes of cognitive and motor impairment are expressed). Evidence for the prodromal presentation of DLB is also emerging. This paper briefly reviews what is known about the clinical presentation of prodromal DLB before discussing the pathology of Lewy body disease and how this relates to potential biomarkers of prodromal DLB. The presenting features of DLB can be broadly placed in three categories: cognitive impairment (particularly nonamnestic cognitive impairments), behavioural/psychiatric phenomena (for example, hallucinations, rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)) and physical symptoms (for example, parkinsonism, decreased sense of smell, autonomic dysfunction). Some noncognitive symptoms such as constipation, RBD, hyposmia and postural dizziness can predate the onset of memory impairment by several years in DLB. Pathological studies of Lewy body disease have found that the earliest sites of involvement are the olfactory bulb, the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve, the peripheral autonomic nervous system, including the enteric nervous system, and the brainstem. Some of the most promising early markers for DLB include the presence of RBD, autonomic dysfunction or hyposmia, 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine cardiac scintigraphy, measures of substantia nigra pathology and skin biopsy for α-synuclein in peripheral autonomic nerves. In the absence of disease-modifying therapies, the diagnosis of prodromal DLB is of limited use in the clinic. That said, knowledge of the prodromal development of DLB could help clinicians identify cases of DLB where the diagnosis is uncertain. Prodromal diagnosis is of great importance in research, where identifying Lewy body disease at an earlier stage may allow researchers to investigate the initial phases of dementia pathophysiology, develop treatments designed to interrupt the development of the dementia syndrome and accurately identify the patients most likely to benefit from these treatments.
Early sedation and clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients: a prospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Tanaka Lilian Maria Sobreira , Azevedo Luciano Cesar Pontes , Park Marcelo , Schettino Guilherme , Nassar Antonio Paulo , Réa-Neto Alvaro , Tannous Luana , de Souza-Dantas Vicente Ces , Torelly André , Lisboa Thiago , Piras Claudio , Carvalho Frederico Bruzzi , de Oliveira Maia Marcelo , Giannini Fabio Poianas , Machado Flavia Ribeiro , Dal-Pizzol Felipe , de Carvalho Alexandre Guilherme Ribeiro , dos Santos Ronaldo Batista , Tierno Paulo Fernando Guimarães Morando Ma , Soares Marcio , Salluh Jorge Ibrain Figueira ,   for the ERICC study investigators
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Sedation overuse is frequent and possibly associated with poor outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) patients. However, the association of early oversedation with clinical outcomes has not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the association of early sedation strategies with outcomes of critically ill adult patients under mechanical ventilation (MV).

Methods
A secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort conducted in 45 Brazilian ICUs, including adult patients requiring ventilatory support and sedation in the first 48 hours of ICU admissions, was performed. Sedation depth was evaluated after 48 hours of MV. Multivariate analysis was used to identify variables associated with hospital mortality.

Results
A total of 322 patients were evaluated. Overall, ICU and hospital mortality rates were 30.4% and 38.8%, respectively. Deep sedation was observed in 113 patients (35.1%). Longer duration of ventilatory support was observed (7 (4 to 10) versus 5 (3 to 9) days, P = 0.041) and more tracheostomies were performed in the deep sedation group (38.9% versus 22%, P = 0.001) despite similar PaO2/FiO2 ratios and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) severity. In a multivariate analysis, age (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.03), Charlson Comorbidity Index >2 (OR 2.06; 95% CI, 1.44 to 2.94), Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 (SAPS 3) score (OR 1.02; CI 95%, 1.00 to 1.04), severe ARDS (OR 1.44; CI 95%, 1.09 to 1.91) and deep sedation (OR 2.36; CI 95%, 1.31 to 4.25) were independently associated with increased hospital mortality.

Conclusions
Early deep sedation is associated with adverse outcomes and constitutes an independent predictor of hospital mortality in mechanically ventilated patients.
Self-referred patients at the Emergency Department: patient characteristics, motivations, and willingness to make a copayment
Authors: de Valk Janneke , Taal Elisabeth M , Nijhoff Mariette S , Harms Maren H , Lieshout Esther MM , Patka Peter , Rood Pleunie PM 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
In many countries, including the Netherlands, a substantial number of patients visit the Emergency Department (ED) without a referral by a general practitioner. The goal of this study was to determine the characteristics and motivations of self-referred patients (SRPs) at the ED. The secondary objective was to explore SRPs’ opinion about copayments.

Methods
A survey, in seven different languages was performed among SRPs from October 2011 until January 2012 at an academic ED in the Netherlands. Patients were included on 21 day-, 21 evening-, and 21 nightshifts during week and weekend days equally. Patient characteristics, motivations, complaints, diagnosis, and the opinion regarding copayments were examined.

Results
A total of 436 SRPs were included (response rate 82%). Forty-seven percent of the ED population was self-referred. SRPs were mainly male (58%), between 18 and 35 years (54%), Dutch (67%), single without children (42%), and low-educated (73%). The most commonly presented complaints were of musculoskeletal origin (35%). Expected need for additional medical care (e.g., X-rays, blood tests) was the reason to visit the ED for 28% of the SRPs. Around 30% of the SRPs were not prepared to pay for an ED visit. Fifty percent of SRPs were prepared to pay up to 25 or 50 EUR. Highly educated patients were willing to pay more than patients with a low level of education (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
SRPs (47% of the total ED population) are often young men with musculoskeletal complaints. They are convinced that additional medical tests are necessary. About 70% of the SRPs are willing to make a copayment, half of the SRPs with a maximum between 25 EUR and 50 EUR. As highly educated SRPs are prepared to pay more, introducing copayments might influence equity in health care accessibility.
Influences of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and lactate on the production of 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Zhong Zhihui , Liu Longfei , Zhou Jiajia , Gao Lirong , Xu Jiajie , Fu Shuilin , Gong Heng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
1,3-Propanediol is the starting point of a new-generation polymer with superior properties which can be used in many industrial fields. 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde and lactate have been identified as two important metabolites in the biological route of 1,3-propanediol bioconversion from glycerol. Here, influence of lactate on the inhibition caused by 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde of 1,3-propanediol fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae is reported.

Methods
The influences of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and lactate on 1,3-propanediol production were investigated in normal and lactate pathway deficient strains with different fermentation conditions.

Results
By using the strains KG1 and L-type lactate dehydrogenase-deficient mutant (KG1Δldh), the results indicated that an early accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde directly inhibited the 1,3-propanediol production rather than through lactate accumulation during the late stage of fermentation. Then, the influence of extra addition of lactate on the late stage of fermentation was investigated, and the inhibitory effect of lactate did not appear. At last, it was found that by reducing 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde accumulation in the early stage of fermentation, the concentration and yield of 1,3-propanediol increased by 18% and 16%, respectively, over the initial experimental levels.

Conclusions
An early accumulation of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde directly decreased the final 1,3-propanediol concentration rather than through lactate accumulation during the late stage of fermentation.
Leaf extract mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from widely available Indian plants: synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial property and toxicity analysis
Authors: Banerjee Priya , Satapathy Mantosh , Mukhopahayay Aniruddha , Das Papita 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
In recent years, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained much interest from chemists and researchers. In this concern, Indian flora has yet to divulge innumerable sources of cost-effective non-hazardous reducing and stabilizing compounds utilized in preparing AgNPs. This study investigates an efficient and sustainable route of AgNP preparation from 1 mM aqueous AgNO3 using leaf extracts of three plants, Musa balbisiana (banana), Azadirachta indica (neem) and Ocimum tenuiflorum (black tulsi), well adorned for their wide availability and medicinal property.

Methods
AgNPs were prepared by the reaction of 1 mM silver nitrate and 5% leaf extract of each type of plant separately. the AgNPs were duely characterized and tested for their antibacterial activity and toxicity.

Results
The AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (vis) spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) analysis was carried out to determine the nature of the capping agents in each of these leaf extracts. AgNPs obtained showed significantly higher antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus sp. in comparison to both AgNO3 and raw plant extracts. Additionally, a toxicity evaluation of these AgNP containing solutions was carried out on seeds of Moong Bean (Vigna radiata) and Chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Results showed that seeds treated with AgNP solutions exhibited better rates of germination and oxidative stress enzyme activity nearing control levels, though detailed mechanism of uptake and translocation are yet to be analyzed.

Conclusion
In totality, the AgNPs prepared are safe to be discharged in the environment and possibly utilized in processes of pollution remediation. AgNPs may also be efficiently utilized in agricultural research to obtain better health of crop plants as shown by our study.
Theoretical Study of the π → π* Excited States of Oligoacenes: A Full π-Valence DMRG-CASPT2 Study
Authors: Kurashige Yuki , Yanai Takeshi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The energy levels of low-lying π → π* excited states of oligoacenes, anthracene to hexacene, were studied by using the DMRG-CASPT2 method with a full π-valence complete active space. The effects of the size of active space, truncations of the renormalized basis in the DMRG algorithm, and the structural relaxation were also examined.
Alteration of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA) with interleukine-1Î² (IL-1Î²) and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±) in cerebral palsy
Authors: HADIWIDJAJA SATIMIN 
Published: July 2014

Now, diagnosis of cerebral palsy base only on clinical finding without involve the alteration of the neurochemistry cause by cerebral hypoxic, although cerebral palsy is a syndrome cause by cerebral hypoxic; so, the accuracy diagnosis of this disease is very low. The aim of this study is to know the alteration of neurochemistry in cerebral palsy, especially the dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA), interleukine-1Î² (IL-1Î²) and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±). So, in the future, diagnosis of this disease not only base on clinical finding as above, but must be combine with alteration of the neurochemistry. This study is conducted by observational method as cross-sectional study. Material of this study is venous blood; take by periphery venous blood vessels on median cubital vein at the upper arm. Dopamine analysis by RIA and homovanillic acid (HVA) by HPLC while Interleukine-1Î² (IL-1Î²) and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±) analysis by ELISA. The result of this study show the alteration of dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA), interleukine-1Î² (IL-1Î²) and tumor necrosis factor-Î± (TNF-Î±), in the spastic and dyskinetic type of cerebral palsy.Â Key words: IL-1Î², TNF-Î±, dopamine, HVA, cerebral palsy
Morphological Study for Identification Improvement of Tambra Fish (Tor spp.: Cyprinidae) from Indonesia
Authors: HARYONO HARYONO , TJAKRAWIDJAJA AGUS HADIAT 
Published: July 2014

The identification improvement among species of Tor was conducted based on fish specimens in Museum Zoology Bogor. Each species represented 8 specimens and measured 22 characters (in mm) used digital caliper. The Canonical variate analysis (discriminant function analysis) was used. The results showed these four species different in morphology, and Tor soro 100% grouping from its congeners. Five characters were selected to separate species. Commonly, population of tambra fish in the world was critical therefore needed conservation.
Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Keywords: fish, Tor, morphology, character, species, conservation
R E V I E W: Species Diversity of Local Fruit Trees in Kalimantan: Problems of Conservation and Its Development
Authors: SIREGAR MUSTAID 
Published: July 2014

The decrease in population of local fruit trees due to the forest destruction in some places in Kalimantan is a worrying trend.The genetic diversity of fruits in Kalimantan has been saved partly through indigenous agroforestry, as species cultivated from generation to generation by indigenous people have created miniature forests in the village agroecosystem. However, there is no doubt that the existence of local fruit trees has been threatened by the introduction of a superior fruit cultivars and other commercial plant species such as coconuts (Cocos nucifera), oil palm (Elaeis guinensis) and rubber trees (Hevea braziliensis). An ex-situ conservation program is proposed for the maintenance of diversity amongst local fruit species.
Â© 2006 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta

Key words: Local fruit trees, indigenous agroforestry, conservation, Kalimantan.