bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Facilitated 5‐exo‐trig Cyclization of 1,6‐Dienes with Alkyl Chlorides: Selective Scission of the C(sp3)—H Bond in Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhang Jia‐Ling , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe general and conceptually new method gives access to a broad variety of polychloro‐substituted pyrrolidin‐2‐ones and indeno[2,1‐c]pyrrol‐3(3aH)‐ones in moderate to good yields and high relative diastereoselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed 5‐endo‐Trig Cyclization of Ketoxime Carboxylates: A Facile Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyrroles.
Authors: Du Wei , Zhao Mi‐Na , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Wang Yao‐Yu , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel and efficient Cu‐catalyzed intermolecular 5‐endo‐trig cyclization of ketoxime carboxylates for the synthesis of 2‐arylpyrroles is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Pyrrole with Isatins.
Authors: Li Chong , Guo Fengfeng , Xu Kun , Zhang Sheng , Hu Yanbin , Zha Zhenggen , Wang Zhiyong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractN‐Methyl pyrrole, furan and thiophene do not react with (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2H‐Indazoles Using a Mild, One‐Pot Condensation—Cadogan Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Genung Nathan E. , Wei Liuqing , Aspnes Gary E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn operationally simple and mild method for the synthesis of a range of structurally diverse indazoles from commercially available reagents is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Tandem Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles via 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Between Aryl Hydrazones and Ethyl But‐2‐ynoate.
Authors: Ningaiah Srikantamurthy , Doddaramappa Shridevi D. , Chandra Chandra , Madegowda Mahendra , Keshavamurthy Shubakara , Bhadraiah Umesha K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe title reaction is assumed to occur via the regioselective cycloaddition reaction of aryl hydrazones with nitrilimines generated in situ.
ChemInform Abstract: Study of Oxidative Cyclization Using PhI(OAc)2 in the Formation of Benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3‐c][1,2,4]triazoles and Related Heterocycles — Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Demmer Charles S. , Joergensen Morten , Kehler Jan , Bunch Lennart 
Published: November 2014

Abstract2‐Furfural, 1H‐indole‐3‐carbaldehyde and (3‐formylphenyl)boronic acid lead to complex reaction mixtures and degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Catalyst Phosphine/Secondary Amine Promoted [1 + 4]/Rearrangement Domino Reaction for the Construction of (2H)‐Pyrans and 2‐Oxabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene Skeletons.
Authors: Xie Peizhong , Yang Jie , Zheng Jie , Huang You 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of highly functionalized (2H)‐pyrans in a two‐step one‐pot procedure is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetal‐Initiated Prins Bicyclization for the Synthesis of Hexahydrofuro‐[3,4‐c]furan Lignans and Octahydropyrano[3,4‐c]pyran Derivatives.
Authors: Subba Reddy B. V. , Ramana Reddy M. , Sridhar B. , Singarapu Kiran Kumar 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCompound (VII) is an analogue of allocolchicine.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organocatalytic One‐Pot Cascade Incorporating the Achmatowicz Reaction Affording 3‐Pyrone Derivatives.
Authors: Ransborg Lars Krogager , Lykke Lennart , Hammer Niels , Naesborg Line , Joergensen Karl Anker 
Published: November 2014

Abstractα,β‐Unsaturated aldehydes with conjugated substituents as well as unsaturated alkyl chains give unsatisfactory results.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Prins Cyclization: BINOL‐Derived Phosphoric Acid and CuCl Synergistic Catalysis.
Authors: Lalli Claudia , van de Weghe Pierre 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe first enantioselective Prins cyclization is catalyzed by a combination of a chiral BINOL‐derived bis‐phosphoric acid and CuCl.
ChemInform Abstract: Site Selective Synthesis of Pentaarylpyridines via Multiple Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Langer Peter , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSeveral pentaarylpyridines are prepared by site‐selective Suzuki—Miyaura reactions and studied in terms of DFT calculations and optical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 4‐Aryl‐2‐amino‐6‐(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐3‐cyanopyridine Derivates as Potential Organic Fluorescent Materials Prepared under Microwave Irradiation via Three‐Component Domino Reactions.
Authors: Wang Jianqiang , Zhu Jianlin , Zhong Jie , Sun Jun , Tang Shigui , Guo Cheng 
Published: November 2014

Abstract6 Title compounds are prepared by a one‐pot three‐component synthesis under microwave irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzofuro[2,3‐c]pyridines via a One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Deng Zhihong , Zhang Xueqiong , Zhang Fanglin , Zheng Hua 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe electronic properties of the aromatic ring of the starting materials as well as the position of the substituents have a significant influence on the reaction yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of Quinazolinones from 2‐Iodobenzamides and Enaminones via Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions.
Authors: Songsichan Teerawat , Promsuk Jaturong , Rukachaisirikul Vatcharin , Kaeobamrung Juthanat 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe double bond geometry of the enaminones plays a crucial role since E‐enaminones show a significantly enhanced reactivity upon addition of an external ligand whereas Z‐enaminones do not require the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Bicyclic Sulfamides via Pd‐Catalyzed Alkene Carboamination Reactions. Control of 1,3‐Asymmetric Induction by Manipulating Mechanistic Pathways.
Authors: Babij Nicholas R. , McKenna Grace M. , Fornwald Ryan M. , Wolfe John P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOptimized conditions concerning the substrates, the catalyst and the reaction medium favor the desired anti‐aminopalladation mechanism to produce the ring systems with a reversed relative stereochemistry at C‐3/C‐4.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphoric Acid Supported on Magnetic Core—Shell Nanoparticles: A Novel Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Kabachnik—Fields Reaction in Water.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Mesbah Falatooni Zahra , Honarmand Moones 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe catalyst can be recycled at least 4 times with only a slight loss of activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Phospha‐Michael Addition to in situ Prepared 5‐Arylmethylidene Meldrum′s Acids.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Sheikhi Ehsan , Rezaei Narjes , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza , Mirzaei Peiman 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTrimethyl phosphite (III) can be substituted by triethyl phosphite.
ChemInform Abstract: New Compounds from Acid Hydrolyzed Products of the Fruits of Momordica charantia L. and Their Inhibitory Activity Against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatas 1B.
Authors: Zeng Ke , He Yan‐Ni , Yang Di , Cao Jia‐Qing , Xia Xi‐Chun , Zhang Shi‐Jun , Bi Xiu‐Li , Zhao Yu‐Qing 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFour new cucurbitane‐type triterpene sapogenins (I)—(IV) along with eight known compounds are isolated from acid‐hydrolyzed fruits extract of the title species.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rare Glutamine Derivative from the Flower Buds of Daylily.
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiro , Nakamura Seikou , Ohta Tomoe , Fujimoto Katsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Masayuki , Ogawa Keiko , Matsuda Hisashi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA rare glutamine derivative named hemerocallisamine I (I) is isolated from the methanolic extract of the flower buds of daylily, together with a new pyrrole alkaloid hemerocallisamine II (II) and a new γ‐lactam derivative, hemerocallisamine III (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of Heronamide C.
Authors: Sakanishi Kohei , Itoh Shunya , Sugiyama Ryosuke , Nishimura Shinichi , Kakeya Hideaki , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu , Kanoh Naoki 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBased on the physical data of the target compound a reinvestigation of the proposed structure of Heronamide C is suggested.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Reassignment of Mandelalide A.
Authors: Lei Honghui , Yan Jialei , Yu Jie , Liu Yuqing , Wang Zhuo , Xu Zhengshuang , Ye Tao 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTotal synthesis of three different epimers as well as another analogue of Mandelalide A leads to the revision of the originally proposed structure.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Hagen′s Gland Lactones.
Authors: Lone Ali Mohd , Bhat Bilal Ahmad , Shah Wajaht Amin , Mehta Goverdhan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of Hagen′s gland lactones (III) involves ring a closing metathesis of substrates (I) and an intramolecular oxy‐Michael addition as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Lotus‐Like Hierarchical Microstructures on Zinc Substrate and Study of Its Wettability.
Authors: Wang Huijie , Yang Zhou , Yu Jing , Wu Yizhi , Shao Weijia , Jiang Tongtong , Xu Xiaoliang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSuperhydrophobic Zn/ZnO films are prepared by soaking HCl‐etched Zn sheets in pure warm water (60—90 °C, 0.5—12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Amination of Enzymes to Improve Biocatalyst Performance: Coupling Genetic Modification and Physicochemical Tools
Authors: Rodrigues Rafael C. , Barbosa Oveimar , Ortiz Claudia , Berenguer‐Murcia Angel , Torres Rodrigo , Fernandez‐Lafuente Roberto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReview: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Perspectives of Spray Pyrolysis for Facile Synthesis of Catalysts and Thin Films: An Introduction and Summary of Recent Directions
Authors: Guild Curtis , Biswas Sourav , Meng Yongtao , Jafari Tahereh , Gaffney Anne M. , Suib Steven L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReview: 102 refs.
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic fine‐needle aspiration: Potential pitfalls in one institution's experience of 1212 procedures
Authors: Bergeron Joseph P. , Perry Kyle D. , Houser Patricia M. , Yang Jack 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDEndoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) has emerged as the diagnostic modality of choice for mass lesions in the pancreas. The objective of the current study was to determine the accuracy and pitfalls of EUS‐FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions in cases that involved follow‐up surgical resection.METHODSCases of EUS‐FNA of pancreatic lesions performed from 2007 to mid‐2012 for which subsequent surgical resection was performed were retrieved from the department's database. The accuracy of the cytologic diagnosis was assessed using the histological diagnosis as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated. “Neoplastic,” “suspicious,” and “malignant” were classified as a positive cytologic diagnosis. In one calculation method, “atypical” was also included as a positive cytologic diagnosis whereas in another it was not considered to be a positive cytological result. The cases with a cytologic‐histological discrepancy were reviewed to identify sources of errors.RESULTSA total of 1212 cases from 1104 patients (518 women and 586 men; age range, 18‐94 years [average age, 63.5 years]) were identified. Cytologic diagnoses included 52 unsatisfactory, 224 benign, 129 atypical, 140 neoplasm, 35 suspicious, and 632 malignant diagnoses. Of these cases, 397 patients had histological follow‐up information available. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 83.2%, 85.9%, 95.9%, and 56.1%, respectively, with atypical cases excluded from the analysis. When atypical cases were included as a positive cytologic diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 86.7%, 67.9%, 90.7%, and 58.5%, respectively, and were 73.7%, 87.7%, 95.6%, and 48.0%, respectively, when atypical cases were included as a negative cytologic diagnosis. The major difficulty in EUS‐FNA cytology was to differentiate pancreatic mucinous neoplasms from contaminants of gastric mucosa. Other pitfalls included differentiating mucinous neoplasm from extensive pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and endocrine tumor from nesidioblastosis versus acinar cell carcinoma or intrapancreatic spleen.CONCLUSIONSEUS‐FNA is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions, especially solid malignant tumors. Cytologic‐radiological correlation is essential in differentiating pancreatic mucinous neoplasms from gastric mucosa, because the former usually are found to have characteristic features on imaging. Pathologists should be aware of the pitfalls in the cytologic diagnosis of pancreatic lesions that may significantly change the clinical management of the patients. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:98–107. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Improving the performance of fluoroprotein foam in extinguishing gasoline pool fires with addition of bromofluoropropene
Authors: Zhao Mei , Ni Xiaomin , Zhang Shaogang , Cao Wei , Guan Yu , Liang Canjun , Wang Xishi , Zhang Heping 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe fluoroprotein foam is one of the most widely used fire suppressants for its low cost, low toxicity and biodegradability. However, its fire extinguishing performance is limited. In this article, fluoroprotein foam was combined with a clean and degradable fire suppressant of 2‐bromo‐3,3,3‐trifluoropropene (BTP) to improve its fire extinguishing efficiency. Laboratory scale suppression experiments on gasoline pool fires were conducted in a 27 m3 confined space. An optimized volume flow ratio of air to foam solution was found out first to acquire fluoroprotein foam with best fire extinguishing efficiency; then varied amounts of BTP were added to the foam at the optimal flow ratio for performance examination. Results demonstrated: at the optimized volume flow ratio of air to foam solution of 9 and the volume flow ratio of BTP to foam solution of 3.75%, a superior fire extinguishing performance was achieved with the fire extinguishing time reduced by 43% in comparison to that without any BTP added. The fire suppression mechanism of the foam with BTP additive was discussed based on established fire suppression theories and experimental results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Search of the ‘Angels of Death’: Conceptualising the Contemporary Nurse Healthcare Serial Killer
Authors: Yardley Elizabeth , Wilson David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFocusing specifically upon nurses who commit serial murder within a hospital setting, this paper aims to establish insights into this particular subcategory of healthcare serial killer. In addition, the paper aims to test the usefulness of an existing checklist of behaviours among this group of serial murderers. Drawing upon existing lists of healthcare serial killers produced by other scholars as well as legal records and an online news archive, we identified and researched healthcare serial killer nurses, collating socio demographic and criminological data and applying the aforementioned checklist to each case. Our findings suggest that to date, the label ‘healthcare serial killer’ has been applied in too loose a manner, making the understanding of this phenomenon problematic. In further refining the definition and identifying the socio‐demographic and criminological characteristics of the victims, perpetrators and crimes, we have developed more specific and therefore useful insights for practitioners and identified a potentially useful checklist which, with revisions, could contribute towards preventative strategies and interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibronectin splice variation in human knee cartilage, meniscus and synovial membrane: Observations in osteoarthritic knee
Authors: Scanzello Carla R. , Markova Dessislava Z. , Chee Ana , Xiu Yan , Adams Sherrill L. , Anderson Greg , Zgonis Miltiadis , Qin Ling , An Howard S. , Zhang Yejia 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTFibronectin (FN) is a widely expressed molecule that can participate in development of osteoarthritis (OA) affecting cartilage, meniscus, and synovial membrane (SM). The alternatively spliced isoforms of FN in joint tissues other than cartilage have not been extensively studied previously. The present study compares FN splice variation in patients with varying degrees of osteoarthritic change. Joint tissues were collected from asymptomatic donors and patients undergoing arthroscopic procedures. Total RNA was amplified by PCR using primers flanking alternatively spliced Extra Domain A (EDA), Extra Domain B (EDB) and Variable (V) regions. EDB+, EDB− and EDA− and V+ variants were present in all joint tissues, while the EDA+ variant was rarely detected. Expression levels of EDB+ and EDV+ variants were similar in cartilage, synovium, and meniscal tissues. Synovial expression of V+ FN in arthroscopy patients varied with degree of cartilage degeneration. Two V− isoforms, previously identified in cartilage, were also present in SM and meniscus. Fibronectin splicing in meniscus and SM bears striking resemblance to that of cartilage. Expression levels of synovial V+ FN varied with degree of cartilage degeneration. V+ FN should be investigated as a potential biomarker of disease stage or progression in larger populations. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:556–562, 2015.
The effect of acute dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane exposure on hypermethylation status and down‐regulation of p53 and p16INK4a genes in rat liver
Authors: Kostka Grażyna , Urbanek‐Olejnik Katarzyna , Liszewska Monika , Winczura Alicja 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of the study was to investigate the early effect of acute dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) exposure on the methylation status of the promoter region of two tumor suppressor genes: p53 and p16INK4a (p16) in rat liver. We analyzed their transcript and protein expression profiles concurrently with the examination of transcriptional and protein expression levels of DNA (cytosine‐5)‐methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1). Male Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of DDT (57 mg kg−1 of body weight) and the methylation status of p53 and p16 genes was examined after 24 h using methylation‐sensitive restriction analysis—MSRA. The obtained results indicate that DDT induced alternations in methylation of the promoter region in both p53 and p16 genes. In all the tested samples, the promoter CpG islands of p53 (−261, −179, and −450) were methylated within 100% as compared to control samples (0%). The methylation status of the p16 promoter (−11 and +77) was also altered due to exposure to DDT. Methylated cytosines were detectable in 75% of the tested DNA samples. The Real‐time PCR and western blot analyses showed a decrease in mRNA and protein levels of p53, respectively, which was related to the increase in DNA synthesis. These relationships were also observed for mRNA and protein expressions of p16, although to a slighter extent. We also showed that hypermethylation in the promoter region of both tumor suppressor genes was consistent with an increased Dnmt1 mRNA level, and this relationship was further confirmed at the protein level of DNMT1. Concluding, our data suggests that epigenetically mediated changes in gene expression may play an important role in the mechanism of DDT toxicity, including carcinogenic action. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 584–592, 2016.
Behavioral Consequences of Disasters: A Five-Stage Model of Population Behavior
Authors: Rudenstine Sasha , Galea Sandro 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe propose a model of population behavior in the aftermath of disasters.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative analysis of an empirical dataset of 339 disasters throughout the world spanning from 1950 to 2005.ResultsWe developed a model of population behavior that is based on 2 fundamental assumptions: (i) behavior is predictable and (ii) population behavior will progress sequentially through 5 stages from the moment the hazard begins until is complete.ConclusionsUnderstanding the progression of population behavior during a disaster can improve the efficiency and appropriateness of institutional efforts aimed at population preservation after large-scale traumatic events. Additionally, the opportunity for population-level intervention in the aftermath of such events will improve population health. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:497-504)
PURCHASING PRIAM: BILINGUAL WORDPLAY AT PLAUTUSBACCHIDES976–7
Authors: Cowan Robert 
Published: November 2014

The conclusion of Chrysalus' famouscanticumcomparing the successful duping of his master Nicobulus to the sack of Troy has often been suspected by critics (Plaut.Bacch.976–7):nunc Priamo nostro si est quis emptor, comptionalem senemuendam ego, uenalem quem habeo, extemplo ubi oppidum expugnauero.Now, if there's any buyer for our Priam, I'll sell as a job lot the old man, whom I have for sale as soon as I've stormed the city.The lines are condemned by Leo, Gaiser, and Jocelyn, but defended by Lefèvre and printed by Lindsay, Barsby, Questa (in his first and third editions, but not his second), and most recently De Melo. In addition to qualms about the inconsistency of casting Nicobulus as Priam here when he was Ilium little over thirty lines earlier – an inconsistency which can surely be attributed to the ebullience of Chrysalus rather than the incompetence of an interpolator – the main objection to these lines is their divergence from the mythological tradition about Priam's fate at the sack of Troy. As Jocelyn puts it, ‘The threatsenem uendam… would have been ludicrous to any audience acquainted with the heroic story.’
AESCHYLUS, SEPTEM CONTRA THEBAS 780–7
Authors: Finkelberg Margalit 
Published: November 2014

The starting point of this brief discussion is the emendation in line 782 of Aeschylus' Septem proposed by M.L. West in his 1990 Teubner edition. In the fifth strophe of the second stasimon, the chorus recollects the misfortunes that struck Oedipus when he finally discovered the truth about his marriage. This severely corrupt passage, whose original meaning was lost at an early stage of transmission, runs as follows:ἐπεὶ δ' ἀρτίϕρων ἐγένετο [στρ. ε]μέλεος ἀθλίων γάμων,ἐπ' ἄλγει δυσϕορῶν 780μαινομέναι κραδίαιδίδυμα κάκ' ἐτέλεσενπατροϕόνωι χερὶ τῶν†κρεισσοτέκνων δ' ὀμμάτων† ἐπλάγχθη.τέκνοις δ' †ἀραίας† ἐϕῆκεν [ἀντ. ε]ἐπίκοτος τροϕᾶς, αἰαί, 786πικρογλώσσους ἀράς.782 δίδυμ' ἃ West 784 κρεισσοτέκνων M2PKQ1Tr κρείσσω τέκνων rell. κυρσοτέκνων Herm. δ' ὀμμάτων HaQTr δ' ἀπ᾽ ὀμμάτων rell. δωμάτων Schütz χρυσοτέχνων πωμάτων Verrall κρεισσοτέρων γνωμάτων West 785 ἀθλίας Prien ἀρχαίας Wil.But when the miserable man became aware of his wretched marriage, vexed with pain in his frenzied heart, he committed double evil: with his parricidal hand †he wandered from his eyes, dearer than children†. But upon his sons he put bitter-tongued curses, angry on account of his †accursed† sustenance.
PINDAR'S CHARIOTEER IN PLATO'SPHAEDRUS(227B9–10)
Authors: Moore Christopher 
Published: November 2014

In his second question of thePhaedrus, Socrates asks Phaedrus how he spent (διατριβή) his morning with Lysias. Phaedrus answers: ‘You'll learn, should you have the leisure (σχολή) to walk and listen.’ Socrates responds:What? Don't you think I would judge it, as Pindar puts it, a thing ‘surpassing even lack of leisure’ (καὶ ἀσχολίας ὑπέρτερον), to hear how you and Lysias spent your time? (227b6–10)Socrates quotes fromFirst Isthmian2. In this victory ode, Pindar celebrates, uniquely in his extant oeuvre, a charioteer winner who has driven his own team. The epinician poem and the dialogue, especially the myth in Socrates’ second speech, have remarkable systematic parallels. This suggests that Pindar's victor serves as model for the palinode's philosophical lover, and Pindar's song for Socrates’ conversation.