bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture and Isolation of Brain Tumor Initiating Cells
Authors: Vora Parvez , Venugopal Chitra , McFarlane Nicole , Singh Sheila K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBrain tumors are typically composed of heterogenous cells that exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics and proliferative potentials. Only a relatively small fraction of cells in the tumor with stem cell properties, termed brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), possess an ability to differentiate along multiple lineages, self‐renew, and initiate tumors in vivo. This unit describes protocols for the culture and isolation BTICs. We applied culture conditions and assays originally used for normal neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro to a variety of brain tumors. Using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for the neural precursor cell surface marker CD133/CD15, BTICs can be isolated and studied prospectively. Isolation of BTICs from GBM bulk tumor will enable examination of dissimilar morphologies, self‐renewal capacities, tumorigenicity, and therapeutic sensitivities. As cancer is also considered a disease of unregulated self‐renewal and differentiation, an understanding of BTICs is fundamental to understanding tumor growth. Ultimately, it will lead to novel drug discovery approaches that strategically target the functionally relevant BTIC population. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
QSARand Molecular Modeling Approaches for Prediction of Drug Metabolism
Authors: Braga Rodolpho C. , Alves Vinicius M. , Silva Flavia C. , Andrade Carolina H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMany drug candidates fail during the drug development process due to an inappropriate pharmacokinetic profile. Biological evaluations are expensive and time consuming, thus, there is a strong need to develop cheap and fast alternatives. Computational methods have earned prestige the last decades as reliable tool to predict biological properties. In this chapter, we present commonly usedin silicostrategies (both ligand‐ and structure‐based) to evaluate the site of metabolism (SOM) of compounds that lack of experimental information.
ansa‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes of R2NSO2DPEN‐(CH2)n(η6‐Aryl) Conjugate Ligands for Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Aryl Ketones
Authors: Kišić Andrea , Stephan Michel , Mohar Barbara 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew 3rd generation designer ansa‐ruthenium(II) complexes featuring N,C‐alkylene‐tethered N,N‐dialkylsulfamoyl‐DPEN/η6‐arene ligands, exhibited good catalytic performance in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of various classes of (het)aryl ketones in formic acid/triethylamine mixture. In particular, benzo‐fused cyclic ketones furnished 98 to >99.9% ee using a low catalyst loading.magnified image
Testing Taxonomies: Beyond Card Sorting
Authors: Soranzo Alberta , Cooksey Dave 
Published: August 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYWhether created by user experience designers or information specialists, taxonomies should always be subjected to evaluation processes. The taxonomy's terms and relationships must be assessed in the context of its implementation as part of information architecture. Traditional card sorting in a face‐to‐face setting can be performed by any number of testers working independently; delphi‐method card sorting involves iterative review by a succession of testers. Each requires advance preparation of cards showing candidate terms to be arranged in a way that makes sense to each tester. Dialogue with testers during the process provides qualitative insight into their thinking and logic, and data analysis sheds light on users' mental models of the taxonomy. Usability studies then reveal how testers use the taxonomy to navigate, search and tag content. With similar preparation, online sorting methods facilitate testing and provide rich results for analysis. Regardless of the method used, testers should be selected with care, and terms must be distinguished from navigation and context. Testing should be performed early, using small studies to focus on key areas and larger samples for quantitative analysis.
Data Management Plans as a Research Tool
Authors: Rolando Lizzy , Carlson Jake , Hswe Patricia , Parham Susan Wells , Westra Brian , Whitmire Amanda L. 
Published: August 2015

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe growing recognition of and demand for formal data management plans (DMPs) is spurring academic and research libraries to consider how they can serve researchers to meet this need. Research data management services may include training in data management, consultation for plan writing and support with metadata elements and data repository choice. Libraries must develop expertise in research data management in the absence of clear or consistent guidance or practice, but useful direction is available through researchers' DMPs. The authors, representing several universities, collaborated on the development of a rubric to analyze and evaluate DMPs required by the National Science Foundation. Analysis of these DMPs, drawn from varied institutions, illustrates existing practices and has led to an assessment tool that can help libraries determine the services they should be able to offer researchers.
Tau hyperphosphorylation in synaptosomes and neuroinflammation are associated with canine cognitive impairment
Authors: Smolek Tomas , Madari Aladar , Farbakova Jana , Kandrac Ondrej , Jadhav Santosh , Cente Martin , Brezovakova Veronika , Novak Michal , Zilka Norbert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCanine cognitive impairment syndrome (CDS) represents a group of symptoms related to the aging of the canine brain. These changes ultimately lead to a decline of memory function and learning abilities, alteration of social interaction, impairment of normal housetraining, and changes in sleep–wake cycle and general activity. We have clinically examined 215 dogs, 28 of which underwent autopsy. With canine brains, we performed extensive analysis of pathological abnormalities characteristic of human Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, including β‐amyloid senile plaques, tau neurofibrillary tangles, and fused in sarcoma (FUS) and TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP43) inclusions. Most demented dogs displayed senile plaques, mainly in the frontal and temporal cortex. Tau neurofibrillary inclusions were found in only one dog. They were identified with antibodies used to detect tau neurofibrillary lesions in the human brain. The inclusions were also positive for Gallyas silver staining. As in humans, they were distributed mainly in the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and temporal cortex. On the other hand, FUS and TDP43 aggregates were not present in any of the examined brain samples. We also found that CDS was characterized by the presence of reactive and senescent microglial cells in the frontal cortex. Our transcriptomic study revealed a significant dysregulation of genes involved in neuroinflammation. Finally, we analyzed tau phosphoproteome in the synaptosomes. Proteomic studies revealed a significant increase of hyperphosphorylated tau in synaptosomes of demented dogs compared with nondemented dogs. This study suggests that cognitive decline in dogs is related to the tau synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:874–895, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance analysis of impulse‐radio ultra‐wideband energy detector system using cooperative dual‐hop amplify and forward strategy
Authors: Hazra R. , Tyagi A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA novel analytical representation of bit error rate (BER) performance of an impulse‐radio ultra‐wideband energy detector on–off keying system using cooperative dual‐hop amplify and forward relay technology, with various diversity combining schemes over IEEE 802.15.4a environment is presented in this paper. In particular, the approximate expressions based on energy detection principle are derived for various diversity combining cases, namely linear optimal combining, linear combining, and selective combining. Simulation results depict an improvement in BER performance, with increase in number of relay paths (L) and decrease in number of frames per symbol (Nf). Furthermore, the BER performance of the impulse‐radio ultra‐wideband energy detector on–off keying system improves substantially using dual‐hop cooperative amplify and forward scheme, compared with that of non‐cooperative or single link scenario. Among the diversity combining schemes, linear optimal diversity combining performs better when compared with linear diversity combining and selective combining. The analytical BER expressions are validated with the simulation results, which confirm the accuracy and precision in approximation used in the investigation of BER. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facts and updates about cardiovascular non‐coding RNAs in heart failure
Authors: Thum Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbout 11% of all deaths include heart failure as a contributing cause. The annual cost of heart failure amounts to US $34,000,000,000 in the United States alone. With the exception of heart transplantation, there is no curative therapy available. Only occasionally there are new areas in science that develop into completely new research fields. The topic on non‐coding RNAs, including microRNAs, long non‐coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, is such a field. In this short review, we will discuss the latest developments about non‐coding RNAs in cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs are short regulatory non‐coding endogenous RNA species that are involved in virtually all cellular processes. Long non‐coding RNAs also regulate gene and protein levels; however, by much more complicated and diverse mechanisms. In general, non‐coding RNAs have been shown to be of great value as therapeutic targets in adverse cardiac remodelling and also as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for heart failure. In the future, non‐coding RNA‐based therapeutics are likely to enter the clinical reality offering a new treatment approach of heart failure.
Effects of formulation on transport of pyrethroids in residential settings
Authors: Jones Russell L. , Trask Jennifer R. , Hendley Paul , Cox Megan J. , Chepega Joseph C. , Harbourt Christopher M. , Davidson Paul C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Washoff of 17 pyrethroid products resulting from a 1-h, 25.4-mm rainfall occurring 24 h after application was measured in indoor studies with concrete slabs. These products included different pyrethroid active ingredients and a range of formulation types. Based on this replicated study, 5 product pairs with contrasting washoff behaviors were chosen for an outdoor study using 6 full-scale house fronts in central California. Products in 4 of these pairs were applied once to different rectangular areas on the driveway (1 product in each pair to 3 house lots and the other to the remaining 3 house lots). The products in the fifth pair were applied 3 times at 2-mo intervals to vertical stucco walls above the driveway. All house lots received natural and simulated rainfall over 7 mo. Indoor studies showed differences up to 170-fold between paired products, whereas the maximum difference between paired products in the field was only 5-fold. In the pair applied to the wall, 1 product had 91 times the washoff of the other in the indoor study, whereas in the field the same product had 15% lower washoff. These results show that, although the formulation may influence washoff under actual use conditions, its influence is complex and not always as predicted by indoor experiments. Because the formulation also affects insect control, washoff research needs to be conducted together with efficacy testing. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:340–347. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Theoretical Study of Cubic and Orthorhombic Nd1–xSrxMnO3 as a Potential Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode
Authors: Zhou Y. , Lü Z. , Xu S. , Xu D. , Yang Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the atomic and electronic structures of cubic and orthorhombic Nd1–xSrxMnO3 are investigated using the projector augmented‐wave (PAW) methods within the spin‐polarization generalized gradient approximation (GGA+U), where U is on‐site Coulomb interaction correction. The optimized structure parameters of both cubic and orthorhombic bulk phases are obtained. The difference between the AFM and FM structures for NdMnO3 is very small, indicating a small magneto‐elastic effect. In Nd1–xSrxMnO3, the pseudo‐cubic lattice constant decreases on increasing Sr doping due to the oxidation of Mn3+ cations to the smaller Mn4+ cations. The result of the total density of states shows the majority spin without gap and the minority spin with 4.8 × 10−19 J gap, indicating a half‐metallic ground state for NdMnO3 in GGA+U treatment. The Bader effective charges in both cubic and orthorhombic phases are analyzed. The oxygen vacancy formation energy of Nd1–xSrxMnO3 becomes smaller as the Sr doping concentration increases. The oxygen vacancies can be formed more easily on Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 than other systems. These results suggest that Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 could be a promising candidate for application in SOFC.
TNF and regulatory T cells are critical for sepsis‐induced suppression of T cells
Authors: Stieglitz David , Schmid Tobias , Chhabra Nirav F. , Echtenacher Bernd , Männel Daniela N. , Mostböck Sven 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe immune system in sepsis is impaired as seen by reduced numbers and function of immune cells and impaired antigen‐specific antibody responses. We studied T cell function in septic mice using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) as a clinically relevant mouse model for sepsis. The proliferative response of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was suppressed in septic mice. Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that the T cells were not intrinsically altered by CLP. Instead, the septic host environment was responsible for this T cell suppression. While CLP‐induced suppression was dependent on TNF activity, neither the activation of TNF receptors type 1 nor TNF receptor type 2 alone was sufficient to generate sepsis‐induced suppression showing that the two TNF receptors can substitute each other. Specific depletion of regulatory T (Treg) cells improved the impaired T cell proliferation in septic recipients demonstrating participation of Treg in sepsis‐induced suppression. In summary, sepsis leads to TNF‐dependent suppression of T cell proliferation in vivo involving induction of Treg cells.
Drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy
Authors: Floyd J. Alaina , Galperin Anna , Ratner Buddy D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe grim prognosis for patients diagnosed with malignant gliomas necessitates the development of new therapeutic strategies for localized and sustained drug delivery to combat tumor drug resistance and regrowth. Here we introduce drug encapsulated aerosolized microspheres as a biodegradable, intelligent glioma therapy (DREAM BIG therapy). DREAM BIG therapy is envisioned to deliver three chemotherapeutics, temporally staged over one year, via a bioadhesive, biodegradable spray directly to the brain surgical site after tumor excision. In this proof‐of‐principle article exploring key components of the DREAM BIG therapy prototype, rhodamine B (RB) encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) encapsulated poly(lactic acid) microspheres were formulated and characterized. The encapsulation efficiency of RB and IgG and the release kinetics of the model drugs from the microspheres were elucidated in addition to the release kinetics of RB from poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres formulated in a degradable poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) solution. The successful aerosolized application onto brain tissue ex‐vivo demonstrated the conformal adhesion of the RB encapsulated poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres to the convoluted brain surface mediated by the thermoresponsive carrier, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide). These preliminary results suggest the potential of the DREAM BIG therapy for future use with multiple chemotherapeutics and microsphere types to combat gliomas at a localized site. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 544–552, 2016.
Osteochondral allograft transplantation in cartilage repair: Graft storage paradigm, translational models, and clinical applications
Authors: Bugbee William D. , Pallante‐Kichura Andrea L. , Görtz Simon , Amiel David , Sah Robert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe treatment of articular cartilage injury and disease has become an increasingly relevant part of orthopaedic care. Articular cartilage transplantation, in the form of osteochondral allografting, is one of the most established techniques for restoration of articular cartilage. Our research efforts over the last two decades have supported the transformation of this procedure from experimental “niche” status to a cornerstone of orthopaedic practice. In this Kappa Delta paper, we describe our translational and clinical science contributions to this transformation: (1) to enhance the ability of tissue banks to process and deliver viable tissue to surgeons and patients, (2) to improve the biological understanding of in vivo cartilage and bone remodeling following osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation in an animal model system, (3) to define effective surgical techniques and pitfalls, and (4) to identify and clarify clinical indications and outcomes. The combination of coordinated basic and clinical studies is part of our continuing comprehensive academic OCA transplant program. Taken together, the results have led to the current standards for OCA processing and storage prior to implantation and also novel observations and mechanisms of the biological and clinical behavior of OCA transplants in vivo. Thus, OCA transplantation is now a successful and increasingly available treatment for patients with disabling osteoarticular cartilage pathology. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:31–38, 2016.
Stochastic resonance is a method to improve the biosynthetic response of chondrocytes to mechanical stimulation
Authors: Weber Joanna F. , Waldman Stephen D. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTCellular mechanosensitivity is an important factor during the mechanical stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage. While the application of mechanical stimuli improves tissue growth and properties, chondrocytes also rapidly desensitize under prolonged loading thereby limiting its effectiveness. One potential method to mitigate load‐induced desensitization is by superimposing noise on the loading waveforms (“stochastic resonance”). Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of stochastic resonance on chondrocyte matrix metabolism. Chondrocyte‐seeded agarose gels were subjected to dynamic compressive loading, with or without, superimposed vibrations of different amplitudes and frequency bandwidths. Changes in matrix biosynthesis were determined by radioisotope incorporation and subsequent effects on intracellular calcium signaling were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Although dependent on the duration of loading, superimposed vibrations improved cellular sensitivity to mechanical loading by further increasing matrix synthesis between 20–60%. Stochastic resonance also appeared to limit load‐induced desensitization by maintaining sensitivity under desensitized loading conditions. While superimposed vibrations had little effect on the magnitude of intracellular calcium signaling, recovery of mechanosensitivity after stimulation was achieved at a faster rate suggesting that less time may be required between successive loading applications. Thus, stochastic resonance appears to be a valuable tool during the mechanical stimulation of cartilage constructs, even when suboptimal stimulation conditions are used. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:231–239, 2016.
Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review
Authors: Bosch Adina C , O'Neill Bernadette , Sigge Gunnar O , Kerwath Sven E , Hoffman Louwrens C 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe numerous health benefits provided by fish consumption may be compromised by the presence of toxic metals and metalloids such as lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury, which can have harmful effects on the human body if consumed in toxic quantities. The monitoring of metal concentrations in fish meat is therefore important to ensure compliance with food safety regulations and consequent consumer protection. The toxicity of these metals may be dependent on their chemical forms, which requires metal speciation processes for direct measurement of toxic metal species or the identification of prediction models in order to determine toxic metal forms from measured total metal concentrations. This review addresses various shortcomings in current knowledge and research on the accumulation of metal contaminants in commercially consumed marine fish globally and particularly in South Africa, affecting both the fishing industry as well as fish consumers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Pre‐deamidation of soy protein isolate exerts impacts on transglutaminase‐induced glucosamine glycation and cross‐linking as well as properties of the products
Authors: Yao Xin‐Tong , Zhao Xin‐Huai 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransglutaminase (TGase) induces protein glycation and cross‐linking, but results in lower solubility and digestibility due to excessive cross‐linking. Deamidation of soy protein isolate (SPI) by HCl converts glutamine residues, and provides less opportunity for the two reactions. Two deamidated SPI products (DSPI1 and DSPI2) were thus glucosamine‐glycated and cross‐linked, to clarify the effects of pre‐deamidation on the two reactions and properties of the products.RESULTSDSPI1 and DSPI2 had respective degrees of deamidation of 12.2% and 27.4%. They and SPI were used to generate three glycated and cross‐linked products (GC‐DSPI1, GC‐DSPI2 and GC‐SPI) containing glucosamine of 12.0, 4.4 and 19.7 g kg−1 protein, respectively, which were reflected in their infrared spectra at two regions. These three (especially GC‐SPI) had higher water‐binding than SPI (8.2–12.6 versus 6.2 g g−1 protein). GC‐DSPI1 and GC‐DSPI2 showed better enzymatic digestion than GC‐SPI. Thermogravimetric and circular dichroism analyses verified that GC‐DSPI1 and GC‐DSPI2 had maximum degradation rates at temperatures 12–14 °C lower than GC‐SPI, and possessed a more open secondary structure.CONCLUSIONSPI deamidation decreases forthcoming glycation and cross‐linking, and gives the products higher digestibility, less increased hydration, lower thermal stability, and a more open secondary structure. Pre‐deamidation is applicable to control the properties of GC‐proteins. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Positionspapier der Lebensmittelchemischen Gesellschaft erarbeitet von der AG Tierarzneimittelrückstände zum Thema:
Authors: Hamscher Gerd 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAufgrund des Kontaminationsrisikos ist eine Konservierung von Milchproben mit Chloramphenicol für die sogenannte Milchgüteprüfung nicht mehr akzeptabel