bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diseases of captive yellow seahorse Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, pot‐bellied seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis Lesson and weedy seadragon Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède)
Authors: LePage V , Young J , Dutton C J , Crawshaw G , Paré J A , Kummrow M , McLelland D J , Huber P , Young K , Russell S , Al‐Hussinee L , Lumsden J S 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSeahorses, pipefish and seadragons are fish of the Family Syngnathidae. From 1998 to 2010, 172 syngnathid cases from the Toronto Zoo were submitted for post‐mortem diagnostics and retrospectively examined. Among the submitted species were yellow seahorses Hippocampus kuda Bleeker (n = 133), pot‐bellied seahorses Hippocampus abdominalis Lesson (n = 35) and weedy seadragons Phyllopteryx taeniolatus (Lacépède; n = 4). The three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in this population were bacterial dermatitis, bilaterally symmetrical myopathy and mycobacteriosis, accounting for 24%, 17% and 15% of cases, respectively. Inflammatory processes were the most common diagnoses, present in 117 cases. Seven neoplasms were diagnosed, environmental aetiologies were identified in 46 cases, and two congenital defects were identified.
Pain Characteristics Associated with the Onset of Disability in Older Adults: The Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly Boston Study
Authors: Eggermont Laura H. P. , Leveille Suzanne G. , Shi Ling , Kiely Dan K. , Shmerling Robert H. , Jones Rich N. , Guralnik Jack M. , Bean Jonathan F. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the effects of chronic pain on the development of disability and decline in physical performance over time in older adults.DesignLongitudinal cohort study with 18 months of follow‐up.SettingUrban and suburban communities.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults aged 65 and older (N = 634).MeasurementsChronic pain assessment consisted of musculoskeletal pain locations and pain severity and pain interference according to the subscales of the Brief Pain Inventory. Disability was self‐reported as any difficulty in mobility and basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs, IADLs). Mobility performance was measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Relationships between baseline pain and incident disability in 18 months were determined using risk ratios (RRs) from multivariable Poisson regression models.ResultsAlmost 65% of participants reported chronic musculoskeletal pain at baseline. New onset of mobility difficulty at 18 months was strongly associated with baseline pain distribution: 7% (no sites), 18% (1 site), 24% (multisite), and 39% (widespread pain, P‐value for trend < .001). Similar graded effects were found for other disability measures. Elderly adults with multisite or widespread pain had at a risk of onset of mobility difficulty at least three times as great as that of their peers without pain after adjusting for disability risk factors (multisite pain: risk ratio (RR) = 2.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–5.50; widespread pain: RR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.71–7.48). Widespread pain contributed to decline in mobility performance (1‐point decline in SPPB, RR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.08–2.01). Similar associations were found for baseline pain interference predicting subsequent mobility decline and ADL and IADL disability. Weaker and less‐consistent associations were observed with pain severity.ConclusionOlder community‐dwelling adults living with chronic pain in multiple musculoskeletal locations have a substantially greater risk for developing disability over time and for clinically meaningful decline in mobility performance than those without pain.
Energy and Carbon Management Systems
Authors: Melville Nigel P. , Whisnant Ryan 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThis article examines an important class of information system that serves as the foundation for corporate energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting: energy and carbon management systems (ECMS). Investors, regulators, customers, and employees increasingly demand that organizations provide information about their organizational energy use and GHG emissions. However, there is little transparency about how organizations use ECMS to meet such demands. To shed light on ECMS implementation and application, we collected extensive qualitative interview data from two service‐sector organizations: one that uses a spreadsheet‐based ECMS and another that implemented an ECMS provided by a third‐party vendor. Our analysis of collected data revealed numerous challenges in the areas of business processes, managerial capabilities, data capture and integration, and data quality. Though our study is built on only two organizations and requires confirmation in large‐sample surveys, we provide several recommendations for organizations regarding ECMS. We also provide suggestions for future studies to build on our tentative results.
GM1 ganglioside enhances Ret signaling in striatum
Authors: Newburn Erin N. , Duchemin Anne‐Marie , Neff Norton H. , Hadjiconstantinou Maria 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt has been proposed that GM1 ganglioside promotes neuronal growth, phenotypic expression, and survival by modulating tyrosine kinase receptors for neurotrophic factors. Our studies tested the hypothesis that GM1 exerts its neurotrophic action on dopaminergic neurons, in part, by interacting with the GDNF (glia cell‐derived neurotrophic factor) receptor complex, Ret tyrosine kinase and GFRα1 co‐receptor. GM1 addition to striatal slices in situ increased Ret activity in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. GM1‐induced Ret activation required the whole GM1 molecule and was inhibited by the kinase inhibitors PP2 and PP1. Ret activation was followed by Tyr1062 phosphorylation and PI3 kinase/Akt recruitment. The Src kinase was associated with Ret and GM1 enhanced its phosphorylation. GM1 responses required the presence of GFRα1, and there was a GM1 concentration‐dependent increase in the binding of endogenous GDNF which paralleled that of Ret activation. Neutralization of the released GDNF did not influence the Ret response to GM1, and GM1 had no effect on GDNF release. Our in situ studies suggest that GM1 via GFRα1 modulates Ret activation and phosphorylation in the striatum and provide a putative mechanism for its effects on dopaminergic neurons. Indeed, chronic GM1 treatment enhanced Ret activity and phosphorylation in the striatum of the MPTP‐mouse and kinase activation was associated with recovery of dopamine and DOPAC deficits.
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It has been proposed that the ganglioside GM1 promotes neuronal growth, phenotypic expression, and survival by modulating tyrosine kinase receptors for neurotrophic factors. We provide evidence that the GM1 enhances the activity of Ret tyrosine kinase receptor for glia cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the striatum in situ and in vivo, and propose that this might be a mechanism for GM1's neurotrophic actions on dopaminergic neurons. Ret activation is followed by Tyr1062 and Tyr981 phosphorylation and recruitment of PI3‐K/Akt, Erk, and Src signaling. GM1 apparently acts by increasing the binding of endogenous GDNF to GFRα1 co‐receptor, which is required for the GM1 effect on Ret.
The influence of intestinal lymphatic transport on the systemic exposure and brain deposition of a novel highly lipophilic compound with structural similarity to cholesterol
Authors: Caliph Suzanne M , Faassen Fried W , Porter Christopher J H 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Objectives
To assess the role of intestinal lymphatic transport in the oral bioavailability and brain deposition of a highly lipophilic, centrally acting drug candidate (Org 49209) in comparison to cholesterol, a close structural analogue.

Methods
The intestinal lymphatic transport of Org 49209 and cholesterol was assessed in lymph-cannulated anaesthetised rats and total bioavailability evaluated in non-lymph-cannulated animals. Parallel groups were employed to examine the brain deposition of Org 49209 after intraduodenal and intraperitoneal administrations.

Key findings
The contribution of intestinal lymphatic transport to total bioavailability was similar for Org 49209 and cholesterol (approximately 40% of the absorbed dose). However, the oral bioavailability of Org 49209 was significantly (fourfold) lower than cholesterol. Brain deposition of Org 49209 was similar after intraduodenal and intraperitoneal administration. Systemic exposure, however, was higher after intraduodenal administration and brain-to-plasma ratios were therefore reduced.

Conclusion
The oral bioavailability of Org 49209 was significantly lower than that of its structural analogue cholesterol; however, intestinal lymphatic transport played a similar role in oral bioavailability for both compounds. Brain to plasma ratios were lower after intraduodenal versus intraperitoneal administration, suggesting that drug association with intestinal lymph lipoproteins may limit central nervous system access for highly lipophilic drugs.
Treatable chorea associated with polycythemia vera
Authors: Miyagawa Toji , Ueda Koki , Ohtomo Ryo , Sasaki Takuya , Takahashi Miwako , Momose Toshimitsu , Kurokawa Mineo , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe report a case of a 70‐year‐old woman with polycythemia vera and 5 years of persistent generalized chorea. Despite the long duration of the choreic condition, it completely resolved after the normalization of the hematocrit by serial phlebotomies. Diffuse cerebral hypoperfusion evaluated by 99mTc‐hexamethyl‐propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) improved in accordance with the intensive hematocrit control. We recommend an increased awareness of this rare, but treatable cause of chorea in elderly patients.
Thrombotic complications in children from short‐term percutaneous central venous catheters: What can we do?
Authors: Latham Gregory J. , Thompson Douglas R. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe reported incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children has increased dramatically over the past decade, and the primary risk factor for VTE in neonates and infants is the presence of a central venous catheter (CVC). Although the associated morbidity and mortality are significant, very few trials have been conducted in children to guide clinicians in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of CVC‐related VTE. Furthermore, pediatric guidelines for prophylaxis and management of VTE are largely extrapolated from adult data. How then should the anesthesiologist approach central access in children of different ages to lessen the risk of CVC‐related VTE or in children with prior thrombosis and vessel occlusion? A comprehensive review of the pediatric and adult literature is presented with the goal of assisting anesthesiologists with point‐of‐care decision‐making regarding the risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of CVC‐related VTE. Illustrative cases are also provided to highlight decision‐making in varying situations. The only risk factor strongly associated with CVC‐related VTE formation in children is the duration of the indwelling CVC. Several other factors show a trend toward altering the incidence of CVC‐related VTE formation and may be under the control of the anesthesiologist placing and managing the catheter. In particular, because children with VTE may live decades with its sequelae and chronic vein thrombosis, careful consideration of lessening the risk of VTE is warranted in every child. Further studies are needed to form a clearer understanding of the risk factors, prophylaxis, and management of CVC‐related VTE in children and to guide the anesthesiologist in lessening the risk of VTE.
Noninvasive cardiac output measurement using bioreactance in postoperative pediatric patients
Authors: Vergnaud Estelle , Vidal Charles , Montmayeur Verchere Juliette , Taright Hanna , Meyer Philippe G. , Carli Pierre A. , Orliaguet Gilles A. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundThoracic bioreactance is a noninvasive and continuous method of cardiac output (CO) measurement that is being developed in adult patients. Very little information is available on thoracic bioreactance use in children.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of a bioreactance device (NICOM®; Cheetah Medical, Tel Aviv, Israel) to estimate CO and to track changes in CO induced by volume expansion (VE) in children.MethodsCardiac output values obtained using the NICOM® device (CONICOM) and measured by trans‐thoracic echocardiography (COTTE) were compared in pediatric neurosurgical patients during the postoperative period.ResultsSeventy‐three pairs of measurements of CO obtained in 30 children were available for analysis. The bias (lower and upper limits of agreement) between CONICOM and COTTE was −0.11 (−1.4 to 1.2) l·min−1. The percentage error (PE) was 55%. The precision of the NICOM® device was 45%. A significant correlation was observed between the CO values obtained using the two methods (r = 0.89, <0.001). The concordance percentage between changes in COTTE and CONicom induced by VE was 84% following exclusion of patients with changes in CO <15% (n = 5).ConclusionsThe PE observed is too large, and the limits of agreement too wide, to enable us to comment on the equivalence of the two techniques of CO measurements. However, the NICOM® device performs well in tracking changes in CO following VE.
Postoperative analgesia using diclofenac and acetaminophen in children
Authors: Hannam Jacqueline A. , Anderson Brian J. , Mahadevan Murali , Holford Nick H. G. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundDiclofenac dosing in children for analgesia is currently extrapolated from adult data. Oral diclofenac 1.0 mg·kg−1 is recommended for children aged 1–12 years. Analgesic effect from combination diclofenac/acetaminophen is unknown.MethodsChildren (n = 151) undergoing tonsillectomy (c. 1995) were randomized to receive acetaminophen elixir 40 mg·kg−1 before surgery and 20 mg·kg−1 rectally at the end of surgery with diclofenac suspension 0.1 mg·kg−1, 0.5 mg·kg−1, or 2.0 mg·kg−1 before surgery or placebo. A further 93 children were randomized to receive diclofenac 0.1 mg·kg−1, 0.5 mg·kg−1, or 2.0 mg·kg−1 only. Postoperative pain was assessed (visual analogue score, VAS 0–10) at half‐hourly intervals from waking until discharge. Data were pooled with those from a further 222 children and 30 adults. One‐compartment models with first‐order absorption and elimination described the pharmacokinetics of both medicines. Combined drug effects were described using a modified EMAX model with an interaction term. An interval‐censored model described the hazard of study dropout.ResultsAnalgesia onset had an equilibration half‐time of 0.496 h for acetaminophen and 0.23 h for diclofenac. The maximum effect (EMAX) was 4.9. The concentration resulting in 50% of EMAX (C50) was 1.23 mg·l−1 for diclofenac and 13.3 mg·l−1 for acetaminophen. A peak placebo effect of 6.8 occurred at 4 h. Drug effects were additive. The hazard of dropping out was related to pain (hazard ratio of 1.35 per unit change in pain). Diclofenac 1.0 mg·kg−1 with acetaminophen 15 mg·kg−1 achieves equivalent analgesia to acetaminophen 30 mg·kg−1.ConclusionsCombination therapy can be used to achieve similar analgesia with lower doses of both drugs.
Evaluation of the auditory evoked potentials derived aepEX™ as a measure of hypnotic depth in pediatric patients receiving sevoflurane–remifentanil anesthesia
Authors: Cheung Yuen M. , Scoones Gail P. , Stolker Robert J. , Weber Frank 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe aepEX is a measure of depth of hypnosis (DoH), derived from processed mid‐latency auditory evoked potentials.ObjectivesTo evaluate the aepEX as a measure of DoH in children receiving sevoflurane–remifentanil anesthesia.MethodsaepEX and bispectral index (BIS) were recorded simultaneously in 75 children, (1–3, 3–6, and 6–18 years), receiving sevoflurane at endtidal concentrations (ETsevo) between 1.5 and 0.5 MAC. The ETsevo at which the aepEX and BIS had a value of 50 (EC50aepEX and EC50BIS) was calculated by nonlinear regression analysis. The accuracy of aepEX and BIS to predict the DoH was assessed by prediction probability (Pk) and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.ResultsSeventy‐four children were included for analysis. The EC50aepEX (2.68%) and EC50BIS (2.10%) were comparable; the same accounts for the EC50aepEX of the different age groups and the EC50aepEX and EC50BIS of corresponding age groups. The EC50BIS in children aged 1–3 years was lower than in the older age groups (P < 0.05). Pk values of the aepEX (0.32, CI 95% 0.08–0.56) and BIS (0.47, CI 95% 0.19–0.75) were comparable. The area under the ROC curve was 0.72 (CI 95%: 0.62–0.82) and 0.67 (CI95%: 0.56–0.77) for the aepEX and BIS, respectively (P = 0.54). Optimal cutoff values were >60 (aepEX) and >68 (BIS), with corresponding specificities 91%, CI 95%: 80–97% (aepEX) and 66%, CI 95%: 52–77% (BIS).ConclusionsIn this study with children receiving sevoflurane anesthesia, the aepEX outperformed the BIS in distinguishing unconsciousness from consciousness. Both indices performed equally bad in differentiating different levels of DoH.
A Flexible Neuro‐Fuzzy Approach for Improvement of Seasonal Housing Price Estimation in Uncertain and Non‐Linear Environments
Authors: Azadeh Ali , Sheikhalishahi Mohammad , Boostani Ali 
Published: May 2014

AbstractChanges in housing price affect both individuals and government since they have substantial influence on the socio‐economic conditions. Valuations of housing are necessary in order to assess the benefits and liabilities in housing sector. This study presents a flexible meta‐modelling approach for improvement of housing price estimation in ambiguous and complex environments. It is composed of artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy linear regression (FLR). Seven FLR models are considered to cover latest approaches and viewpoints. Also, ANN is applied to data sets. The preferred FLR model is selected via mean absolute percentage of error (MAPE) for further considerations, and then the preferred FLR model and the best structure of ANN are applied to the data set. Finally, the preferred model is selected based on MAPE. The intelligent approach of this study is applied for estimation and forecasting housing price in Iran. The housing price in Iran mainly is based on eight economic indices including currency, oil income, general index, house service pricing index, rate of informal market, gross domestic production in basic price, added value of oil group and construction materials price. FLR is identified as the preferred model with lowest MAPE for housing price forecasting in Iran. This shows that the housing market of Iran is associated with severe environmental fuzziness and ambiguity. This is the first study that introduces a flexible neuro‐fuzzy approach for improved estimation and forecasting of housing price in noisy, complex and uncertain environments.
Empirical Analyses of Extreme Value Models for the South African Mining Index
Authors: Chinhamu Knowledge , Huang Chun‐Kai , Huang Chun‐Sung , Hammujuddy Jahvaid 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWhile the classical normality assumption is simple to implement, it is well known to underestimate the leptokurtic behaviour demonstrated in most financial data. After examining properties of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Mining Index returns, we propose two extreme value models to fit its negative tail with a higher degree of accuracy. The generalised extreme value distribution (GEVD) is fitted using the block maxima approach, while the generalised Pareto distribution (GPD) is fitted using the peaks‐over‐threshold method. Numerical assessment of value‐at‐risk (VaR) estimates indicates that both GEVD and GPD increasingly outperform the normal distribution as we move further into the lower tail. In addition, GEVD produces lower estimates relative to that of the historical VaR, and GPD provides slightly more conservative estimates for adequate capitalisation.
Self‐Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action: Factor Structure and Convergent Validity among Adults in Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Czyz Ewa K. , Bohnert Amy S. B. , King Cheryl A. , Price Amanda M. , Kleinberg Felicia , Ilgen Mark A. 
Published: May 2014

Individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs) are at high risk of suicidal behaviors, highlighting the need for an improved understanding of potentially influential factors. One such domain is self‐efficacy to manage suicidal thoughts and impulses. Psychometric data about the Self‐Efficacy to Avoid Suicidal Action (SEASA) Scale within a sample of adults seeking SUD treatment (N = 464) is provided. Exploratory factor analysis supported a single self‐efficacy construct. Lower SEASA scores, or lower self‐efficacy, were reported in those with more severe suicidal ideation and those with more suicide attempts, providing evidence for convergent validity. Implications of measuring self‐efficacy in the context of suicide risk assessment are discussed.
The 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor tepoxalin induces oxidative damage and altered PTEN status prior to apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Loftus J. P. , Cavatorta D. , Bushey J. J. , Levine C. B. , Sevier C. S. , Wakshlag J. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) inhibitor tepoxalin has been shown to slow canine osteosarcoma (OSA) tumour xenografts growth, yet the mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Further examination of tepoxalin in canine OSA cell lines shows that tepoxalin treated cells undergo apoptosis through caspase‐3 activation and annexin staining. Interestingly, apoptosis is superseded by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by activation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitosox. This increase in ROS appears to be related to the 5‐LOX inhibitor regardless of cellular 5‐LOX status, and was not observed after treatment with the tepoxalin metabolite RWJ20142. Additionally, 5‐LOX inhibition by tepoxalin appears to increase phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog activity by preventing its alkylation or oxidation. PTEN modification or inhibition allows phosphoinositide‐3 (PI3) kinase activity thereby heightening activation of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our data suggest that off target oxidation and LOX inhibition play roles in the apoptotic response.