bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindquarter amputation
Authors: Grimer R. J. , Chandrasekar C. R. , Carter S. R. , Abudu A. , Tillman R. M. , Jeys L. 
Published: January 2013

A total of 157 hindquarter amputations were carried out in our institution during the last 30 years. We have investigated the reasons why this procedure is still required and the outcome. This operation was used as treatment for 13% of all pelvic bone sarcomas. It was curative in 140 and palliative in 17, usually to relieve pain. There were 90 primary procedures (57%) with the remaining 67 following the failure of previous operations to control the disease locally. The indication for amputation in primary disease was for large tumours for which limb-salvage surgery was no longer feasible. The peri-operative mortality was 1.3% (n = 2) and major complications of wound healing or infection arose in 71 (45%) patients. The survival at five years after hindquarter amputation with the intent to cure was 45%, and at ten years 38%. Local recurrence occurred in 23 patients (15%). Phantom pain was a significant problem, and only 20% used their prosthesis regularly. Functional scores were a mean of 57%. With careful patient selection the oncological results and functional outcomes of hindquarter amputation justify its continued use.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:127–31.
Early results of a remotely-operated magnetic growth rod in early-onset scoliosis
Authors: Dannawi Z. , Altaf F. , Harshavardhana N. S. , El Sebaie H. , Noordeen H. 
Published: January 2013

Conventional growing rods are the most commonly used distraction-based devices in the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis. This technique requires repeated lengthenings with the patient anaesthetised in the operating theatre. We describe the outcomes and complications of using a non-invasive magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) in children with early-onset scoliosis. Lengthening is performed on an outpatient basis using an external remote control with the patient awake. Between November 2009 and March 2011, 34 children with a mean age of eight years (5 to 12) underwent treatment. The mean length of follow-up was 15 months (12 to 18). In total, 22 children were treated with dual rod constructs and 12 with a single rod. The mean number of distractions per patient was 4.8 (3 to 6). The mean pre-operative Cobb angle was 69° (46° to 108°); this was corrected to a mean 47° (28° to 91°) post-operatively. The mean Cobb angle at final review was 41° (27° to 86°). The mean pre-operative distance from T1 to S1 was 304 mm (243 to 380) and increased to 335 mm (253 to 400) in the immediate post-operative period. At final review the mean distance from T1 to S1 had increased to 348 mm (260 to 420). Two patients developed a superficial wound infection and a further two patients in the single rod group developed a loss of distraction. In the dual rod group, one patient had pull-out of a hook and one developed prominent metalwork. Two patients had a rod breakage; one patient in the single rod group and one patient in the dual rod group. Our early results show that the MCGR is safe and effective in the treatment of progressive early-onset scoliosis with the avoidance of repeated surgical lengthenings. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:75–80.
Exploration and neurolysis for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with a sciatic nerve palsy after total hip replacement
Authors: Kyriacou S. , Pastides P. S. , Singh V. K. , Jeyaseelan L. , Sinisi M. , Fox M. 
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study was to establish whether exploration and neurolysis is an effective method of treating neuropathic pain in patients with a sciatic nerve palsy after total hip replacement (THR). A total of 56 patients who had undergone this surgery at our hospital between September 1999 and September 2010 were retrospectively identified. There were 42 women and 14 men with a mean age at exploration of 61.2 years (28 to 80). The sciatic nerve palsy had been sustained by 46 of the patients during a primary THR, five during a revision THR and five patients during hip resurfacing. The mean pre-operative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 7.59 (2 to 10), the mean post-operative VAS was 3.77 (0 to 10), with a resulting mean improvement of 3.82 (0 to 10). The pre- and post-neurolysis VAS scores were significantly different (p < 0.001). Based on the findings of our study, we recommend this form of surgery over conservative management in patients with neuropathic pain associated with a sciatic nerve palsy after THR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:20–2.
The venous thromboembolic complications of shoulder and elbow surgery
Authors: Dattani R. , Smith C. D. , Patel V. R. 
Published: January 2013

We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) following surgery of the shoulder and elbow and assessed the role of thromboprophylaxis in upper limb surgery. All papers describing VTE after shoulder and elbow surgery published in the English language literature before 31 March 2012 were reviewed. A total of 14 papers were available for analysis, most of which were retrospective studies and case series. The incidence of VTE was 0.038% from 92 440 shoulder arthroscopic procedures, 0.52% from 42 261 shoulder replacements, and 0.64% from 4833 procedures for fractures of the proximal humerus (open reduction and internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty). The incidence following replacement of the elbow was 0.26% from 2701 procedures. Diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis and ischaemic heart disease were identified as the major risk factors.The evidence that exists on thromboprophylaxis is based on level III and IV studies, and we therefore cannot make any recommendations on prophylaxis based on the current evidence. It seems reasonable to adopt a multimodal approach that involves all patients receiving mechanical prophylaxis, with chemical prophylaxis reserved for those who are at high risk for VTE.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:70–4.
The impact of platelet-rich plasma on the prevention of tunnel widening in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadrupled autologous hamstring tendon
Authors: Mirzatolooei F. , Alamdari M. T. , Khalkhali H. R. 
Published: January 2013

The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant to tissue repair is gaining favour in orthopaedic surgery. Tunnel widening after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a recognised phenomenon that could compromise revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PRP might prevent tunnel widening in ACL reconstruction. Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction using a hamstring graft were randomly allocated either to have PRP introduced into the tunnels peri-operatively or not. CT scanning of the knees was carried out on the day after surgery and at three months post-operatively and the width of the tunnels was measured. Patients were also evaluated clinically at three months, when laxity was also measured. Each group comprised 25 patients, and at three months post-operatively all were pain-free with stable knees, a negative Lachman test and a good range of movement. Arthrometric results had improved significantly in both groups (p < 0.001). Despite slightly less tunnel widening in the PRP group, there was no significant difference between the groups at the femoral opening or the mid-tunnel (p = 0.370 and p = 0.363, respectively) nor at the tibial opening or mid-tunnel (p = 0.333 and p = 0.177, respectively). We conclude that PRP has no significant effect in preventing tunnel widening after ACL reconstruction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:65–9.
Identifying Terrorists using Banking Data
Authors: Levitt Steven D. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The fight against terrorism requires identifying potential terrorists before they have the opportunity to act. In this paper, we investigate the extent to which retail banking data – which as far as we know are not currently used by anti-terror intelligence agencies in any systematic manner – are a useful tool in identifying terrorists. Using detailed administrative records of a large British bank, we demonstrate that a number of variables in the data are strongly correlated with terrorism-related activities. Having both an Islamic given name and surname, not surprisingly, are among the strongest of these predictors, but a wide range of other demographic characteristics and behaviors observed in the data are also correlated strongly with terrorist involvement. The real key to our method, however, rests on the identification of one particular pattern of banking behavior (what we call “Variable Z”) which dramatically improves our ability to identify terrorists. Our model is demonstrated to have substantial power to identify terrorists both within sample and out of sample.
On the Exact Discretization of a Continuous Time AR(1) Model driven by either Long Memory or Antipersistent Innovations: A Fractional Algebra Approach
Authors: Simos Theodore 
Published: January 2013

AbstractExact discretization formulae are established for a first-order stochastic differential equation driven by a fractional noise of either long memory or antipersistent type. We assume that the underlying process is sampled at non-unit equispaced observational intervals. Using fractional algebra techniques the exact discretization formulae are derived in terms of confluent hypergeometric and incomplete gamma functions which admit infinite order series expansions.
Bestandserhaltung als Risikosteuerung
Authors: Weber Jürgen 
Published: January 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Es ist Aufgabe der Bestandserhaltung, als riskant und als Gefahr für das
Kulturgut identifizierte Materialien, Techniken und Verhaltensweisen so weit
wie möglich zu vermeiden oder zu verändern. Dabei ist das Aktionsfeld der
Bestandserhaltung heute durch den Umgang mit großen Mengen und Massen
geprägt. Am Beispiel des Aufbaus der Infrastruktur und der
Schadenserhebungen in der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek nach dem Brand von
2004 werden Aspekte der Risikosteuerung erläutert.
Beneficial effect of Trichopus zeylanicus extract on mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats
Authors: Palanisamy Nallasamy , Mohan Dass Selvam 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background: The present study aimed to determine the effect of Trichopus zeylanicus leaf extract (TZ Et) on mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced liver toxicity in rats.

Methods: Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups. Group I was administered physiological saline as a vehicle control. Group II was administered HgCl2 (0.4 mg/kg body weight/day) intraperitoneally for 20 days. Groups III and IV were administered TZ Et orally (100 mg/kg body weight/day) for 20 days with or without intraperitoneal administration of HgCl2. Serum hepatic marker enzymes, enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants, liver functional markers, lipid peroxidation, and liver histology were evaluated.

Results: The toxic effect of HgCl2 was indicated by the significantly (p<0.05) increased serum marker enzymes, liver functional markers, and lipid peroxidation. The activities of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were significantly (p<0.05) decreased. TZ Et significantly (p<0.05) prevented these pathological alterations as observed by histology.

Conclusions: The present study concludes that TZ Et has the ability to alleviate the hepatotoxic effects caused by HgCl2 in rats.
Paternal Mental Health and Socioemotional and Behavioral Development in Their Children
Authors: Kvalevaag Anne Lise , Ramchandani Paul G. , Hove Oddbjørn , Assmus Jörg , Eberhard-Gran Malin , Biringer Eva 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between symptoms of psychological distress in expectant fathers and socioemotional and behavioral outcomes in their children at age 36 months.

METHODS:
The current study is based on data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study on 31 663 children. Information about fathers’ mental health was obtained by self-report (Hopkins Symptom Checklist) in week 17 or 18 of gestation. Information about mothers’ pre- and postnatal mental health and children’s socioemotional and behavioral development at 36 months of age was obtained from parent-report questionnaires. Linear multiple regression and logistic regression models were performed while controlling for demographics, lifestyle variables, and mothers’ mental health.

RESULTS:
Three percent of the fathers had high levels of psychological distress. Using linear regression models, we found a small positive association between fathers’ psychological distress and children’s behavioral difficulties, B = 0.19 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.15–0.23); emotional difficulties, B = 0.22 (95% CI = 0.18–0.26); and social functioning, B = 0.12 (95% CI = 0.07–0.16). The associations did not change when adjusted for relevant confounders. Children whose fathers had high levels of psychological distress had higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that some risk of future child emotional, behavioral, and social problems can be identified during pregnancy. The findings are of importance for clinicians and policy makers in their planning of health care in the perinatal period because this represents a significant opportunity for preventive intervention.
Optimizing Therapeutic Hypothermia for Neonatal Encephalopathy
Authors: Olsen Steven L. , DeJonge Mitchell , Kline Alex , Liptsen Ellina , Song Dongli , Anderson Betsi , Mathur Amit 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal encephalopathy is becoming widely available in clinical practice. The goal of this collaborative was to create and implement an evidence-based standard-of-care approach to neonatal encephalopathy, deliver consistent care, and optimize outcomes.

METHODS:
The quality improvement process identified and used the Model for Improvement as a framework for improvement efforts. This was a Vermont Oxford Network Collaborative focused on optimizing TH in the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy. By using an evidence-based approach, Potentially Better Practices were developed by the topic expert, modified by the collaborative, and implemented at each hospital. These included the following: timely identification of at-risk infants, coordination with referring hospitals to ensure TH was available within 6 hours after birth, staff education for both local and referring hospitals, nonsedated MRI, incorporating amplitude-integrated EEG into a TH protocol, and ensuring standard neurodevelopmental follow-up of infants. Each center used these practices to develop a matrix for implementation.

RESULTS:
Local self-assessments directed the implementation and adaptation of the Potentially Better Practices at each center. Resources, based on common identified barriers, were developed and shared among the group.

CONCLUSIONS:
The implementation of a TH program to improve the consistency of care for patients in NICUs is feasible using standard-quality improvement methodology. The successful introduction of new interventions such as TH to the NICU culture requires a collaborative multidisciplinary team, use of a systematic quality improvement process, and perseverance.
Reference Values of Induced Sputum Cytology in Healthy Children in Guangzhou, Southern China
Authors: Chen De-hui , Zhong Guo-yu , Luo Wei , Chen Qiao-li , Sun Bao-qing , Chen Ru-chong , Lin Yu-neng , Pan Xiao-an , Li Jin-ying , Wu Shang-zhi , Lai Ke-fang , Zeng Guang-qiao 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To establish normal reference values of induced sputum cytology in healthy children in southern China.

METHODS:
During a period from January 2010 to December 2011, a total of 580 healthy children (5–16 years of age) were approached. A total of 266 children (137 boys and 129 girls) participated in the study. Sputum induction was carried out by using 5% hypertonic saline. Cell types in the sputum were examined by using routine methods.

RESULTS:
Sputum induction was completed in 175 of the 266 subjects (65.79%), but 16 sputum samples were disqualified. The overall success rate was 59.77% (159/266). Macrophages and neutrophils were the predominant cell types: macrophages: median, 76.14%; interquartile range (IQR), 32.68%; and 2.5% to 97.5% percentile, 1.00% to 94.50%; neutrophils: median, 20.67%; IQR, 33.0%; and 2.5% to 97.5% percentile, 4.00% to 92.75%; eosinophils: median, 0.39%; IQR, 1.93%; and 2.5% to 97.5% percentile, 0.00% to 6.50%; and lymphocytes: median, 1.22%; IQR, 2.04%; and 2.5% to 97.5% percentile, 0.00% to 5.00%. The cell types did not differ among different age, gender, and passive smoking groups. Adverse events occurred in 4.4% (7/159) of the participants who completed the procedures but required no specific treatment to dissipate. Peak expiratory flow did not differ between those who completed the procedures compared with those who did not, suggesting that the procedure is safe and feasible in children.

CONCLUSIONS:
The current study represents the first attempt to develop normal reference values of induced sputum cytology in Chinese children, and could be used as a control for future studies.
Effectiveness of a Web-Based Application to Monitor Health-Related Quality of Life
Authors: Haverman Lotte , van Rossum Marion A.J. , van Veenendaal Mira , van den Berg J. Merlijn , Dolman Koert M. , Swart Joost , Kuijpers Taco W. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Monitoring health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) has been only minimally evaluated in pediatrics. Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are at risk for HRQoL problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of ePROs in clinical pediatric rheumatology care.

METHODS:
All children (aged 0–18 years) with JIA visiting any of the 4 pediatric rheumatology clinics in Amsterdam between February 2009 and February 2010 were eligible for this sequential cohort intervention study. Before an outpatient consultation, children (aged 8–18 years) or parents (of children aged 0–7 years) completed web-based questionnaires. The resulting ePROfile was provided to the pediatric rheumatologist (PR). The study was divided into a control period in which the ePROfile was not discussed during consultation, and an intervention period in which the ePROfile was provided and discussed during consultation. Effectiveness was evaluated in terms of communication about different HRQoL topics, referral to a psychologist, and satisfaction with the consultations.

RESULTS:
Out of the eligible JIA patients, 176 (65%) participated in the study. Use of the ePROfile increased discussion of psychosocial topics (P &lt; .01), as well as the PR’s satisfaction with provided care during consultation (P &lt; .01). The use of ePROfiles did not affect referrals to a psychologist or parental satisfaction. Parents and PRs evaluated the use of the ePROfile as positive in 80% to 100% of the consultations.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our web-based application to systemically monitor HRQoL problems in pediatric rheumatology contributed significantly to communication about psychosocial issues in a positive way. We recommend implementation of ePROs in pediatric clinical practice.
Characterizing the effect of substrate stiffness on neural stem cell differentiation
Authors: Curley Colleen T. , Fanale Kristen , Jedlicka Sabrina S. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTDifferentiated neurons (dorsal root ganglia and cortical neurons) have been shown to develop longer neurite extensions on softer materials than stiffer ones, but previous studies do not address the ability of neural stem cells to undergo differentiation as a result of material elasticity. In this study, we investigate neuronal differentiation of C17.2 neural stem cells due to growth on polyacrylamide gels of variable elastic moduli. Neurite growth, synapse formation, and mode of division (asymmetric vs. symmetric) were all assessed to characterize differentiation. C17.2 neural stem cells were seeded onto polyacrylamide gels coated with Type I collagen. The cells were then serum starved over a 14 day period, fixed, and analyzed for biochemical markers of differentiation. For division studies, time-lapse imaging of cells on various substrates was performed during serum withdrawal using the Nikon Biostation. Division events were analyzed using ImageJ to quantify sizes of resulting daughter. Data shows that C17.2 cell differentiation (as dictated by number and type of division events) is dependent upon substrate stiffness, with softer polyacrylamide surfaces (140 Pa) leading to increased populations of neurons and increased neurite length. Our data also indicates that the ability of neural stem cells to express synaptic proteins and develop synapses is dependent upon material elasticity.
In situ SEM Observations of the Tensile-Creep Deformation Behavior and Fracture Mechanisms of a γ-TiAl Intermetallic Alloy at Low and High Stresses.
Authors: Muñoz-Moreno R. , Pérez-Prado M. T. , Ruiz-Navas E.M. , Boehlert C. J. , Llorca J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of stress on the deformation and crack nucleation and propagation mechanisms of a γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy (Ti-45Al-2Nb-2Mn (at.%) - 0.8v.%TiB2) was studied by means of in situ tensile (constant strain rate) and tensile-creep (constant load) experiments performed at 973 K inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The evolution of the microstructure and the nucleation and propagation of cracks was tracked during the high temperature mechanical tests in the SEM. Colony boundary crack nucleation was found to be activated during the secondary stage in creep tests at 300 MPa and 400 MPa and during the tertiary stage of the creep tests performed at higher stresses and at constant strain rate. Interlamellar ledges were only observed during the high stress tensile-creep tests (σ>400 MPa) and during the constant strain rate test. Quantitative measurements of the nature of the crack propagation path along secondary cracks and along the primary crack were carried out. It was found that colony boundaries were preferential sites for crack propagation under all the conditions investigated. The frequency of interlamellar cracking increased with increasing stress.
Pour une psychologie théorique
Authors: Stam Henderikus J. 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Le fait de parler d’une « psychologie théorique » peut être considéré comme une étrangeté en psychologie, puisque la discipline a toujours soutenu la place de la théorie. Mais à condition que la notion de « théorie » renvoie à une conception néo-behavioriste, cognitiviste, empiriste et fonctionnaliste. Dans ce courant d’idées, la théorie est importante pour décrire les relations entre des entités statistiques et fonctionnelles, mais elle évite de s’engager sur les processus qui peuvent être concrets, d’une part, ou explicitement expérientiels, d’autre part. Les propriétés phénoménales et concrètes sont habituellement « oubliées de l’étude » et repoussées dans l’arrière boutique, par une référence au sens commun implicite des termes utilisés pour construire la théorie elle même. En mettant en question ce consensus, mon propos n’est pas de questionner le manque d’unité de la psychologie, mais, au contraire, d’interroger son unification implicite sous un cadre de référence méthodologique et fonctionnel que j’appelle « le grand consensus ». Je soutiens qu’il existe un ensemble d’alternatives latentes au sein de la discipline qui peuvent renouveler la théorie en psychologie, particulièrement celles qui remettent en question, explicitement, les propriétés instrumentales au regard des propriétés linguistiques, ou bien celles fondées sur les propriétés phénoménales. Ce faisant, ces alternatives peuvent également traiter des revendications d’une science morale dont le consensus behavioriste est incapable de rendre compte.