bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-to-peer mentoring for individuals with early inflammatory arthritis: feasibility pilot
Authors: Sandhu Sharron , Veinot Paula , Embuldeniya Gayathri , Brooks Sydney , Sale Joanna , Huang Sicong , Zhao Alex , Richards Dawn , Bell Mary J 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the feasibility and potential benefits of early peer support to improve the health and quality of life of individuals with early inflammatory arthritis (EIA).DesignFeasibility study using the 2008 Medical Research Council framework as a theoretical basis. A literature review, environmental scan, and interviews with patients, families and healthcare providers guided the development of peer mentor training sessions and a peer-to-peer mentoring programme. Peer mentors were trained and paired with a mentee to receive (face-to-face or telephone) support over 12 weeks.SettingTwo academic teaching hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ParticipantsNine pairs consisting of one peer mentor and one mentee were matched based on factors such as age and work status.Primary outcome measureMentee outcomes ofdisease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)/biological treatment use, self-efficacy, self-management, health-related quality of life, anxiety, coping efficacy, social supportanddisease activitywere measured using validated tools. Descriptive statistics and effect sizes were calculated to determine clinically important (>0.3) changes. Peer mentorself-efficacywas assessed using a self-efficacy scale. Interviews conducted with participants examined acceptability and feasibility of procedures and outcome measures, as well as perspectives on the value of peer support for individuals with EIA. Themes were identified through constant comparison.ResultsMentees experienced improvements in the overall arthritis impact on life, coping efficacy and social support (effect size >0.3). Mentees also perceived emotional, informational, appraisal and instrumental support. Mentors also reported benefits and learnt from mentees’ fortitude and self-management skills. The training was well received by mentors. Their self-efficacy increased significantly after training completion. Participants’ experience of peer support was informed by the unique relationship with their peer. All participants were unequivocal about the need for peer support for individuals with EIA.ConclusionsThe intervention was well received. Training, peer support programme and outcome measures were demonstrated to be feasible with modifications. Early peer support may augment current rheumatological care.Trial registration numberNCT01054963,NCT01054131.
Hospitalisation rates for children with intellectual disability or autism born in Western Australia 1983–1999: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Bebbington Ami , Glasson Emma , Bourke Jenny , de Klerk Nicholas , Leonard Helen 
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the hospitalisation patterns in children with intellectual disability (ID) and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after the first year of life and compare with those unaffected.DesignProspective cohort study using data linkage between health, ID and hospitalisation population-based datasets.SettingWestern Australia.Participants416 611 individuals born between 1983 and 1999 involving 1 027 962 hospital admission records. Five case categories were defined (mild/moderate ID, severe ID, biomedically caused ID, ASD with ID and ASD without ID) and compared with the remainder of children and young people.Primary and secondary outcome measuresTime to event analysis was used to compare time hospitalisation and rate of hospitalisation between the different case-groups by estimating HR, accounting for birth year and preterm birth status.ResultsID and/or ASD were found to be associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation compared with the remainder of the population. The increase in risk was highest in those with severe ID and no ASD (HR=10.33, 95% CI 8.66 to 12.31). For those with ID of known biomedical cause or mild ID of unknown cause, the risk of hospitalisation was lower (HR=7.36, 95% CI 6.73 to 8.07 and HR=3.08, 95% CI 2.78 to 3.40, respectively). Those with ASDs had slightly increased risk (HR=2.82, 95% CI 2.26 to 3.50 for those with ID and HR=2.09, 95% CI 1.85 to 2.36 for those without ID).ConclusionsChildren with an ID or ASD experience an increased risk of hospitalisation after the first year of life which varied from 2 to 10 times that of the rest of the population. Findings can inform service planning or resource allocation for these children with special needs.
The association of patient characteristics and surgical variables on symptoms of pain and function over 5 years following primary hip-replacement surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Judge Andy , Arden Nigel K , Batra Rajbir N , Thomas Geraint , Beard David , Javaid M Kassim , Cooper Cyrus , Murray David ,   Exeter Primary Outcomes Study (EPOS) group
Published: March 2013

ObjectivesTo identify patient characteristics and surgical factors associated with patient-reported outcomes over 5 years following primary total hip replacement (THR).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSeven hospitals across England and Scotland.Participants1431 primary hip replacements for osteoarthritis.Main outcome measuresThe Oxford Hip Score (OHS) was collected preoperatively and each year up to 5 years postoperatively. Repeated measures such as linear regression modelling are used to identify patient and surgical predictors of outcome and describe trends over time.ResultsThe majority of patients demonstrated substantial improvement in pain/function in the first year after surgery—between 1 and 5 years follow-up, there was neither further improvement nor decline. The strongest determinant of attained postoperative OHS was the preoperative OHS—those with worse preoperative pain/function had worse postoperative pain/function. Other predictors with small but significant effects included: femoral component offset—women with an offset of 44 or more had better outcomes; age—compared to those aged 50–60, younger (age <50) and older patients (age >60) had worse outcome, increasing body mass index (BMI), more coexisting diseases and worse Short Form 36 mental health (MH) was related to worse postoperative pain/function. Assessment of change in OHS between preoperative and postoperative assessments revealed that patients achieved substantial and clinically relevant symptomatic improvement (change), regardless of variation in these patient and surgical factors.ConclusionsPatients received substantial benefit from surgery, regardless of their preoperative assessments and surgical characteristics (baseline pain/function, age, BMI, comorbidities, MH and femoral component offset). Further research is needed to identify other factors that can improve our ability to identify patients at risk of poor outcomes from THR surgery.
Mind Wandering and the Adaptive Control of Attentional Resources
Authors: Kam Julia W. Y. , Dao Elizabeth , Stanciulescu Maria , Tildesley Hamish , Handy Todd C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Mind wandering is a natural, transient state wherein our neurocognitive systems become temporarily decoupled from the external sensory environment as our thoughts drift away from the current task at hand. Yet despite the ubiquity of mind wandering in everyday human life, we rarely seem impaired in our ability to adaptively respond to the external environment when mind wandering. This suggests that despite widespread neurocognitive decoupling during mind wandering states, we may nevertheless retain some capacity to attentionally monitor external events. But what specific capacities? In Experiment 1, using traditional performance measures, we found that both volitional and automatic forms of visual–spatial attentional orienting were significantly attenuated when mind wandering. In Experiment 2, however, ERPs revealed that, during mind wandering states, there was a relative preservation of sensitivity to deviant or unexpected sensory events, as measured via the auditory N1 component. Taken together, our findings suggest that, although some selective attentional processes may be subject to down-regulation during mind wandering, we may adaptively compensate for these neurocognitively decoupled states by maintaining automatic deviance–detection functions.
“To See the World in a Grain of Sand”: Wolfgang Laib and the Aesthetics of Interpenetrability
Authors: Jeffery Celina 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
For the artist Wolfgang Laib, pollen is an extraordinary substance that signifies renewal, boundless energy, the temporal, the eternal, and the memory of the seasons. Laib’s pollen works are the result of an intense process of gathering, a pursuit of art as a way of life even that gives rise to works of art that are remarkable in their visual luminosity and textual delicacy. This essay considers Indra’s net as a metaphor for interpenetrability to conceptualize the folding of the subject and object that Laib’s pollen works allude to, and offers a deliberation on the spiritual within art.
A Congeries of Lichee Nuts for America: Chinese Religion in Edgar Lee Masters’s New York Chinatown Poetry Collection
Authors: He Yuemin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Active in several genres of writing and extremely productive, American poet Edgar Lee Masters (1868–1950) became famous almost overnight with his earlier collection of free verse monologues, The Spoon River Anthology (1915). But as quickly as he rose in prominence, his fame declined thereafter. In the past decades, critics usually regarded The Spoon River Anthology as Masters’s best collection. This essay takes a step toward uncovering the value of Masters’s other work by examining one aspect of Lichee Nuts, a book-length collection of short poems published in 1929. This essay reveals that Masters, a prescient poet, not only displays sophisticated understanding of the composite and complex nature of Chinese religion, but also uses that understanding to construct a positive poetic image of the Chinese. In doing so he actively promotes cultural diversity in a time of racial hysteria and adumbrates the emergence of countercultural voices that transmit spirituality to a Western culture mired in materialism.
What Goes Without Saying: Husserl’s Concept of Style
Authors: Meacham Darian 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The idea of “style” emerges at several important points throughout Husserl’s oeuvre: in the second part of the Crisis of the European Sciences, the lectures on intersubjectivity published in Husserliana XV, and in the analyses of transcendental character and intersubjectivity in the second book of the Ideas. This paper argues that the idea of style, often overlooked, is in fact central to understanding Husserl’s conception of the person and intersubjective relations, its role in the latter captured in his odd turn of phrase, “intuitive flair.” Moreover, by showing the interdependence between the ideas of style and institution Stiftung), I argue that institution also has a central role in Husserl’s account of constitution and personhood. The relevance of the relation between institution and style goes beyond Husserlian phenomenology. In his late writings, Merleau-Ponty makes this relation the centerpiece of his attempts at an “indirect-ontology.” Thus the investigation of Husserl’s concept of style that I carry out here becomes an important propaedeutic for the study of style that Merleau-Ponty calls for in his later work. In brief, the concept of style has an important role to play in any phenomenological account of personhood and intersubjective relations.
Looking beyond the International Polar Year: What are the Emerging and Re-emerging Issues in International Law and Policy in the Polar Regions?
Authors: Leary David 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The International Symposium, ‘Looking beyond the International Polar Year: Emerging and Re-emerging issues in International Law and Policy in the Polar Regions’ (the Symposium) was held on 7–10 September 2008 at the University of Akureyri, Akureryi, Iceland. The Symposium was timed to coincide with the launch of the new postgraduate program in Polar Law offered by the University of Akureyri. The purpose of the Symposium was to examine, in detail, the implications of the challenges faced by the Polar Regions for international law and policy as part of the legacy of the current International Polar Year and to make recommendations on appropriate actions by States, policy makers and other international actors to respond to these emerging and re-emerging challenges. This article summarises the key findings and recommendations of the Symposium. These address the following key issues: climate change; human rights challenges; challenges of new commercial activities in the Polar Regions (such as the exploitation of off shore oil, gas and other minerals, shipping fishing, bioprospecting and tourism); challenges posed by shipping and newly opening sea lanes; threats to specific species and assemblages of species; environmental governance in the Polar Regions; and the inadequate implementation of existing international law and domestic laws. The article also contains a series of recommendations on further legal, scientific and other studies that should be undertaken in the immediate and near term future to better equip governments and policy makers to respond to these emerging issues.
Bioprospecting in Antarctica and the Arctic. Common Challenges?
Authors: Leary David 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Bioprospecting is occurring in the Arctic and Antarctica. This paper considers evidence on the nature and scale of bioprospecting in the Polar Regions. The paper then aims to draw out some of the critical issues in this debate by examining recent developments in the context of the Antarctic Treaty System. After an introduction to the history of the debate on bioprospecting in the Antarctic context it examines the recent Report of the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (‘ATCM’) Intersessional Contact Group to examine the issue of Biologocal Prospecting in the Antarctic Treaty Area tabled at ATCM XVII in Kiev in June 2008. The paper then concludes with some brief thoughts on the relevance of the Arctic experience to the debate in relation to Antarctica and whether or not there is an ‘Arctic Model’ for a response to the bioprospecting question in Antarctica. It is argued that rather than there being one Arctic model there is in fact a spectrum of models and experiences to choose from.
Human Rights and the Arctic
Authors: Alfredsson Gudmundur 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This article surveys some of the many international human rights law issues that come up in connection with the Arctic, such as the rights of indigenous peoples and the formulation of these rights in a draft Nordic Sami Convention. The focus, however, is on recent developments concerning the status of Greenland as a result of an agreement concluded in 2008 between the Danish and Greenlandic authorities. This agreement foresees not only a significant increase in self-government but also opens the door for the Greenlandic people to create an independent State through the exercise of the right to external self-determination as a matter of political decolonisation of an overseas colonial territory.
Sustainable Human Rights and Governance: The Quest of an Arctic Entity in Transition
Authors: Loukacheva Natalia , Garfield Matthew D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper explores the subject of sustainable governance in Nunavut and analyses the efficacy of the Nunavut Human Rights Act and the Human Rights Tribunal. It argues that sustainable governance in Nunavut is linked with the issue of the efficacy of the human rights regime in the territory and vice-versa. The paper looks at how socio-economic conditions, self-reliable development of Nunavut and performance of its governmental institutions are vital for the prospects of sustainable governance and human rights in this Arctic jurisdiction populated by a majority of indigenous Inuit.
Protecting the Arctic Environment: The Interplay of Global and Regional Regimes
Authors: Stokke Olav Schram 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
What is the best division of labour between Arctic environmental institutions and the broader institutions whose spatial ambits include but exceed the Arctic? This article examines this question by narrowing in on the interplay of international institutions, especially on how such interplay may influence regime effectiveness. In focus are such salient regional and broader institutions in Arctic environmental governance as the Arctic Council and the global oceans regime based on the United Nations Law of the Sea Convention, and the interplay between regional and global regimes in five areas of Arctic environmental governance: climate change, inflows of hazardous compounds, regional toxics, off shore petroleum activities, and maritime transport. The controversy over the role of Arctic institutions in the overall governance system originates in differing positions on the need for international regulation or on the usefulness of Arctic-level governance as compared to other levels. Functional interdependencies as well as legal and political realities mean that the problem-solving potential of Arctic institutions varies considerably across issue areas – and that point calls into question the wisdom of recent proposals for a comprehensive and legally binding treaty for Arctic environmental protection.
Warm Waters and Cold Shoulders: Jostling for Jurisdiction in Polar Oceans
Authors: Rayfuse Rosemary 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In May 2008 the five Arctic coastal states adopted the Ilullisat Declaration in which they asserted their role as stewards, for the international community, of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem. This paper discusses the legal basis for their claim to stewardship with particular reference to the high seas portion of the central Arctic Ocean, and their assertion that no need exists for a new comprehensive legal regime in respect of those high seas waters. It is argued that while the high seas regime of the Arctic may be extensive, it is not comprehensive. Thus, the legitimacy of the claim to stewardship rests on the willingness and ability of the Arctic coastal states to work to fill the lacunae and address the shortcomings in the legal regime for the high seas of the central Arctic Ocean.
Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Governance
Authors: Berkman Paul Arthur 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
For the past five decades, the Antarctic Treaty has provided a firm foundation for ongoing international cooperation to successfully manage nearly ten percent of the Earth for “peaceful purposes only ... on the basis of freedom of scientific investigation.” Growing from seven claimant and five non-claimant signatories, the Antarctic Treaty now engages 47 nations, representing nearly 90 percent of humankind. To assess the legacy lessons of the Antarctic Treaty and to celebrate the 50th anniversary of its December 1, 1959 signature in the city where it was adopted in “in the interest of all mankind” – the Antarctic Treaty Summit: Science-Policy Interactions in International Governance will be convened in Washington, DC at the Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, from November 30 to December 3, 2009. The Antarctic Treaty Summit will provide a unique open forum for scientists, legislators, administrators, lawyers, historians, educators, executives, students and other members of civil society to share insights. Together, this international and interdisciplinary group of stakeholders will explore science-policy achievements and precedents for sustained peaceful governance of international spaces that cover nearly 75 percent of the Earth’s surface beyond national jurisdictions.
Human Rights Approach to the Protection of Traditional Knowledge: An Appraisal of Draft Nordic Saami Convention
Authors: Hossain Kamrul 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Traditional knowledge offfers significant contribution to the intellectual creations. While authors of intellectual creations are protected within the intellectual property rights regime, the authors of traditional knowledge, however, are not. Intellectual property rights regime offfers certain exclusive rights over the innovations of private authors leaving holders of traditional knowledge aside. Given the collective nature of knowledge held traditionally by a community, and unknown in the intellectual property rights system, traditional knowledge faces complexity to be included within the existing intellectual property rights system, and hence, demands alternative protection regime. This article argues human rights approach as an alternative protection regime for the traditional knowledge – the knowledge mostly held by the indigenous communities. The article examines specific human rights provisions embodied in the international bill of human rights pertaining to both right to enjoy a culture and right to enjoy ‘moral and material’ interests arguing that traditional knowledge form a part of culture, and that such culture-oriented right generates economic interests akin to that of intellectual property right system, albeit within the framework of human rights. While the Saami are the indigenous people holding diverse traditional knowledge of great importance, the article also addresses the specific provisions of the Draft Nordic Saami Convention in order to examine how efffectively the Saami’s traditional knowledge right is protected within the regime of human rights.
Openness and Limit in Umberto Eco's The Island of the Day before
Authors: Ionescu Corina M. 
Published: March 2013

In his theoretical corpus, Umberto Eco designs the fictional text as “a set of instructions” — a formulation that stresses both its immanent incompleteness, generative of plural meanings, and its limited and limitative scope. The text becomes the locus of communication, but also of struggle, among intentio auctoris, intentio operis, and intentio lectoris. In order to attenuate their mutual tensions, Eco proposes a pragmatic solution: a model of text production and interpretation that, while allowing semantic plurality, limits it through the socially and historically conditioned principle of contextuality. This article focuses on the modalities in which, in accord with the praxis of educare e dilettare, this theoretical argument is dramatized in Eco's postmodern metafiction, The Island of the Day Before. It investigates how the narrative substance becomes the theatre of a dialectical interplay of openness and limit, portraying en abyme the quality of fiction-as- pharmakon (mode of knowing, mode of escape, and in extreme, mode of interpretive paranoia), and suggesting the remedy for “hermetic drift” in the negative form of its transgression. Moreover, it shows how the story of a 17th-century castaway in the South Pacific can be a polemical text, incisive vis-à-vis radical theories of deconstruction.