bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Synthesis of ZnMn2O4–ZnO–C and ZnMn2O4–C Nanohybrids as High Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Li Guangda , Wang Yuyan , Yang Lishan , Ma Wanyong , Wang Meng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractZnMn2O4–ZnO–C nanohybrids have been synthesized by means of a simple carbonthermal reduction reaction between ZnMnO3 and acetylene black. ZnMn2O4–C nanohybrids are obtained by further washing with NaOH solution. The reversible discharge capacity of the ZnMn2O4–ZnO–C nanohybrids can reach 620 mA h g–1 at a current density of 100 mA g–1 and 520 mA h g–1 at 800 mA g–1 after 100 cycles. More importantly, ZnMn2O4–C shows better conductivity along with better rate performance after the removal of ZnO. The as‐prepared ZnMn2O4–C nanohybrids show a high specific capacity of approximately 750 mA h g–1 at a current density of 100 mA g–1 after 100 cycles and excellent rate performance. The reaction involved in the discharge/charge processes are discussed on the basis of ex situ high‐resolution transmission of the electrode materials. The conclusions will be of benefit in the design and exploration of future binary transition‐metal oxide anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries.
Direct Reactions of Iodine‐Activated Rare‐Earth Metals with Phenols of Varying Steric Bulk
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Hamidi Shima , Junk Peter C. , Kelly Rory P. , Wang Jun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSonication of rare‐earth metals activated by iodine with 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (HOdbmp), 2,6‐diphenylphenol (HOdpp) and mesitol (HOmes) in acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran (thf) yielded [La(Odbmp)3(NCMe)2], [Eu(Odbmp)2(thf)3], [Ln(Odpp)3(thf)2] (Ln = La, Nd), [Eu(Odpp)2(dme)2] (after workup with 1,2‐dimethoxyethane), [Ln2(Omes)6(thf)4] (Ln = La, Nd), [Y(Omes)3(thf)3] and [Eu3(Omes)6(thf)6] in reactions controlled both by the bulk of the phenol and of the metal. It was noteworthy that EuII complexes were obtained under the conditions used. The method offers a general, environmentally friendly, metal‐based route to rare‐earth phenolates with prospects for wide application. Some comparison reactions of Ln metals with Hg(C6F5)2 and the phenols were also carried out and the additional complex [Eu(Odpp)3(dme)] was isolated. Structures of the new low‐coordinate complexes [La(Odbmp)3(NCMe)2]·2MeCN, [Eu(Odpp)2(dme)2] and [Eu(Odpp)3(dme)], and a new polymorph of [Eu(Odbmp)2(thf)3]·thf, were determined.
Structural correlates of subjective and objective memory performance in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pardini Matteo , Bergamino Maurizio , Bommarito Giulia , Bonzano Laura , Luigi Mancardi Gian , Roccatagliata Luca 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTSubjective and objective memory deficits represent a frequent and ill‐understood aspect of multiple sclerosis (MS), and a significant cause of disability and quality of life reduction. The aim of the study is to verify the role of hippocampal and temporal associative fibers' damage in MS‐related memory complaints. To reach this aim, 25 patients with low disability relapsing‐remitting MS and 19 healthy controls were included in the study. All subjects underwent 3D T1 structural imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. Additionally, MS patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation of objective (Selective Reminding Test and Spatial Recall Test) and of subjective (Perceived Deficit Questionnaire, Retrospective and Prospective Memory Subscales) memory deficits. Normalized hippocampal volume (NHV) and mean Fractional Anisotropy (FA) for the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and for the ventral division of the cingulum bundle (VCB) were calculated for all subjects. We showed that, compared to controls, MS subjects presented with reduced right NHV and with reduced mean FA bilaterally in the UF and the VCB. In the MS group, verbal memory scores correlated with left NHV, spatial memory scores correlated with right NHV, while perceived retrospective and prospective memory deficits correlated with left VCB and left UF mean FA respectively. Our data confirm an early involvement of memory‐related brain structures in MS patients. Our data suggest that verbal and nonverbal memory as well as perceived retrospective and prospective memory deficits are related to alterations of discrete anatomical structures in the low‐disability phase of MS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of optimized long echo time STEAM and PRESS proton MR spectroscopy of lipid olefinic protons at 3 Tesla
Authors: Bingölbali Ayhan , Fallone B. Gino , Yahya Atiyah 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo investigate the response of lipid olefinic protons (≈ 5.35 ppm) as a function of STEAM (Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode) mixing time (TM), and echo time (TE), to find values that resolve the olefinic resonance from water in vivo while retaining sufficient olefinic signal.Materials and MethodsPRESS (Point RESolved Spectroscopy) and STEAM experiments with varying timing parameters (TE and also TM for STEAM) were conducted on nine oils (almond, canola, cod liver, corn, linseed, peanut, sesame, sunflower, and walnut oil), and on vertebral bone marrow in vivo at 3 Tesla (T). Olefinic and methylene (methyl + methylene in vivo) peak areas were measured.ResultsOptimal STEAM parameters were found to be TM = 20 ms and TE = 100 ms. The STEAM olefinic/methylene area ratios (ranging between 0.1 and 0.4) calculated for each oil correlated well with ratios deduced from oil compositions in the literature (R2 = 0.975). The optimized STEAM sequence resolved the olefinic peak from water in vivo and yielded on average 1.91 times more olefinic signal compared with a previously optimized PRESS (TE = 200 ms) sequence tailored for the same purpose. Olefinic/(methyl + methylene) area ratios obtained with optimized STEAM and PRESS in vivo were linearly correlated (R2 = 0.972).ConclusionA STEAM sequence with TE = 100 ms and TM = 20 ms provides an alternative to the previously optimized PRESS (TE = 200 ms) sequence for determining relative amounts of lipid unsaturation at 3T.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:481–486.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucocorticoids in laryngology: A review
Authors: Rafii Benjamin , Sridharan Shaum , Taliercio Salvatore , Govil Nandini , Paul Benjamin , Garabedian Michael J. , Amin Milan R. , Branski Ryan C. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo provide the otolaryngologist an evidence‐based sound review of glucocorticoid use for laryngeal pathology.Study DesignReview of contemporary peer‐reviewed literature as well as review articles.MethodsA review of the literature regarding glucocorticoids as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment of benign laryngeal pathology and laryngeal manifestations of systemic disease was performed. Review included both systemic administration as well as local injection.ResultsGlucocorticoids, administered in the critical care setting for planned extubation, markedly reducing the risk of reintubation and remain a rudimentary pharmacologic adjunct in laryngeal manifestations of common autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Intralesional injection has reduced the rate of surgical intervention for benign inflammatory primary laryngeal pathology.ConclusionsGlucocorticoids are effective in the treatment of a number of laryngeal pathologies, through both systemic and intralesional administration. However, a clear consensus for utilization of glucocorticoids in the treatment of specific laryngeal disorders has yet to be published.Level of EvidenceLaryngoscope, 124:1668–1673, 2014
H‐reflexes reduce fatigue of evoked contractions after spinal cord injury
Authors: Bergquist Austin J. , Wiest Matheus J. , Okuma Yoshino , Collins David F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) over a muscle belly (mNMES) generates contractions predominantly through M‐waves, while NMES over a nerve trunk (nNMES) can generate contractions through H‐reflexes in people who are neurologically intact. We tested whether the differences between mNMES and nNMES are present in people with chronic motor‐complete spinal cord injury and, if so, whether they influence contraction fatigue. Methods: Plantar‐flexion torque and soleus electromyography were recorded from 8 participants. Fatigue protocols were delivered using mNMES and nNMES on separate days. Results: nNMES generated contractions that fatigued less than mNMES. Torque decreased the least when nNMES generated contractions, at least partly through H‐reflexes (n = 4 participants; 39% decrease), and torque decreased the most when contractions were generated through M‐waves, regardless of NMES site (nNMES 71% decrease, n = 4; mNMES, 73% decrease, n = 8). Conclusions: nNMES generates contractions that fatigue less than mNMES, but only when H‐reflexes contribute to the evoked contractions. Muscle Nerve 50:224–234, 2014
Explicit strategies for incompressible fluid‐structure interaction problems: Nitsche type mortaring versus Robin–Robin coupling
Authors: Burman Erik , Fernández Miguel A. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYWe discuss explicit coupling schemes for fluid‐structure interaction problems where the added mass effect is important. In this paper, we show the close relation between coupling schemes by using Nitsche's method and a Robin–Robin type coupling. In the latter case, the method may be implemented either using boundary integrals of the stresses or the more conventional discrete lifting operators. Recalling the explicit method proposed in Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 198(5‐8):766–784, 2009, we make the observation that this scheme is stable under a hyperbolic type CFL condition, but that optimal accuracy imposes a parabolic type CFL conditions because of the splitting error. Two strategies to enhance the accuracy of the coupling scheme under the hyperbolic CFL‐condition are suggested, one using extrapolation and defect‐correction and one using a penalty‐free non‐symmetric Nitsche method. Finally, we illustrate the performance of the proposed schemes on some numerical examples in two and three space dimensions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human adipocyte extracellular vesicles in reciprocal signaling between adipocytes and macrophages
Authors: Kranendonk Mariëtte E.G. , Visseren Frank L.J. , van Balkom Bas W.M. , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N.M. , van Herwaarden Joost A. , de Jager Wilco , Schipper Henk S. , Brenkman Arjan B. , Verhaar Marianne C. , Wauben Marca H.M. , Kalkhoven Eric 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveExtracellular vesicles (EVs) released by human adipocytes or adipose tissue (AT)‐explants play a role in the paracrine interaction between adipocytes and macrophages, a key mechanism in AT inflammation, leading to metabolic complications like insulin resistance (IR) were determined.MethodsEVs released from in vitro differentiated adipocytes and AT‐explants ex vivo were characterized by electron microscopy, Western blot, multiplex adipokine‐profiling, and quantified by flow cytometry. Primary monocytes were stimulated with EVs from adipocytes, subcutaneous (SCAT) or omental‐derived AT (OAT), and phenotyped. Macrophage supernatant was subsequently used to assess the effect on insulin signaling in adipocytes.ResultsAdipocyte and AT‐derived EVs differentiated monocytes into macrophages characteristic of human adipose tissue macrophages (ATM), defined by release of both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. The adiponectin‐positive subset of AT‐derived EVs, presumably representing adipocyte‐derived EVs, induced a more pronounced ATM‐phenotype than the adiponectin‐negative AT‐EVs. This effect was more evident for OAT‐EVs versus SCAT‐EVs. Furthermore, supernatant of macrophages pre‐stimulated with AT‐EVs interfered with insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Finally, the number of OAT‐derived EVs correlated positively with patients HOMA‐IR.ConclusionsA possible role for human AT‐EVs in a reciprocal pro‐inflammatory loop between adipocytes and macrophages, with the potential to aggravate local and systemic IR was demonstrated.
Succinonitrile‐based solid‐state electrolytes for dye‐sensitised solar cells
Authors: Byrne Owen , Coughlan Aoife , Surolia Praveen K. , Thampi K. Ravindranathan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSuccinonitrile (SCN), a solid ion conductor (10−4 to 10−3 S/cm) in solid form at room temperature, is mixed with either 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐propylimidazoliuum iodide or 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium iodide ionic liquids for forming a solid plastic phase electrolyte for use in dye‐sensitised solar cell (DSSC). Cells containing these two electrolytes showed best energy conversion efficiencies of 6.3% and 5.6%, respectively. The commonly used DSSC electrolyte additives inhibit the formation of the SCN plastic phase. However, for the first time, an SCN‐additive (additive = guanidinium thiocyanate) electrolyte composition is reported here, which remains as a solid at room temperatures. By using these new solid electrolytes, a simple and rapid single‐step filling procedure for making solid‐state DSSC is outlined. This process, which reduces the required manufacturing steps from four to one, is most suitable for continuous, high‐throughput, commercial DSSC manufacturing lines. These new electrolytes have been tested under low incident light levels (200 lx) to investigate their suitability for indoor DSSC applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure‐guided analysis of catalytic specificity of the abundantly secreted chitosanase SACTE_5457 from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA‐E
Authors: Takasuka Taichi E. , Bianchetti Christopher M. , Tobimatsu Yuki , Bergeman Lai F. , Ralph John , Fox Brian G. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTSACTE_5457 is secreted by Streptomyces sp. SirexAA‐E, a highly cellulolytic actinobacterium isolated from a symbiotic community composed of insects, fungi, and bacteria. Here we report the 1.84 Å resolution crystal structure and functional characterization of SACTE_5457. This enzyme is a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 46 and is composed of two α‐helical domains that are connected by an α‐helical linker. The catalytic residues (Glu74 and Asp92) are separated by 10.3 Å, matching the distance predicted for an inverting hydrolysis reaction. Normal mode analysis suggests that the connecting α‐helix is flexible and allows the domain motion needed to place active site residues into an appropriate configuration for catalysis. SACTE_5457 does not react with chitin, but hydrolyzes chitosan substrates with an ∼4‐fold improvement in kcat/KM as the percentage of acetylation and the molecular weights decrease. Analysis of the time dependence of product formation shows that oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization <4 are not hydrolyzed. By combining the results of substrate docking to the X‐ray structure and end‐product analysis, we deduce that SACTE_5457 preferentially binds substrates spanning the −2 to +2 sugar binding subsites, and that steric hindrance prevents binding of N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine in the +2 subsite and may weakly interfere with binding of N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine in the +1 subsites. A proposal for how these constraints account for the observed product distributions is provided. Proteins 2014; 82:1245–1257. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly stable amorphous indium‐zinc‐oxide thin‐film transistors with back‐channel wet‐etch process
Authors: Luo Dongxiang , Li Min , Xu Miao , Pang Jiawei , Zhang Yanli , Wang Lang , Tao Hong , Wang Lei , Zou Jianhua , Peng Junbiao 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe stabilities of amorphous indium‐zinc‐oxide (IZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with back‐channel‐etch (BCE) structure are investigated. A molybdenum (Mo) source/drain electrode was deposited on an IZO layer and patterned by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐based etchants. Then, after etching the Mo layer, SF6 plasma with direct plasma mode was employed and optimized to improve the bias stress stability. Scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis revealed that the etching residues were removed efficiently by the plasma treatment. The modified BCE‐ TFTs showed only threshold voltage shifts of 0.25 V and –0.20 V under positive/negative bias thermal stress (P/NBTS, VGS = ±30 V, VDS = 0 V and T = 60 °C) after 12 hours, respectively. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A high‐performance robust control method based on the gain and phase information of uncertainty
Authors: Liu Kang‐Zhi 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe well‐known small‐gain and passivity approaches to robust control only make use of either the gain or the phase information of uncertainty in system design. This results in a limitation on the achievable control bandwidth in practical applications. To relax the limitations associated with these approaches, we explore the possibility of utilizing both the gain and the phase information of uncertainty in robust control design. In this paper, the modeling of uncertainty accounting for both gain and phase is discussed first. Then conditions for robust stability and robust performance (sensitivity and bandwidth) are derived respectively. These robustness conditions are described as phase or gain constraints on the nominal system in different frequency bands. Further, it is revealed, both theoretically and via a hard disk drive benchmark, that a much higher robust performance can be achieved by using the gain and phase information of uncertainty. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanisms of larval midgut damage following exposure to phoxim and repair of phoxim‐induced damage by cerium in Bombyx mori
Authors: Yu Xiaohong , Sun Qingqing , Li Bing , Xie Yi , Zhao Xiaoyang , Hong Jie , Sheng Lei , Sang Xuezi , Gui Suxin , Wang Ling , Shen Weide , Hong Fashui 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTBombyx mori is an important economic animal for silk production. However, it is liable to be infected by organophosphorus pesticide that can contaminate its food and growing environment. It has been known that organophosphorus pesticide including phoxim exposure may damage the digestive systems, produce oxidative stress and neurotoxicity in silkworm B. mori, whereas cerium treatment has been demonstrated to relieve phoxim‐induced toxicity in B. mori. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of midgut injury due to phoxim exposure and B. mori protection after cerium pretreatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the midgut damage and its molecular mechanisms, and the protective role of cerium in B. mori following exposure to phoxim. The results showed that phoxim exposure led to severe midgut damages and oxidative stress; whereas cerium relieved midgut damage and oxidative stress caused by phoxim in B. mori. Furthermore, digital gene expression suggested that phoxim exposure led to significant up‐regulation of 94 genes and down‐regulation of 52 genes. Of these genes, 52 genes were related with digestion and absorption, specifically, the significant alterations of esterase, lysozyme, amylase 48, and lipase expressions. Cerium pretreatment resulted in up‐regulation of 116 genes, and down‐regulation of 29 genes, importantly, esterase 48, lipase, lysozyme, and α‐amylase were up‐regulated. Treatment with Phoxim + CeCl3 resulted in 66 genes up‐regulation and 39 genes down‐regulation; specifically, levels of esterase 48, lipase, lysozyme, and α‐amylase expression in the midgut of silkworms were significantly increased. Therefore, esterase 48, lipase, lysozyme, and α‐amylase may be potential biomarkers of midgut toxicity caused by phoxim exposure. These findings may expand the application of rare earths in sericulture. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 452–460, 2015.
Ionentransport und Taubheit
Authors: Huebner A.K. , Hübner C.A. 
Published: December 2013

Zusammenfassung
Durch die Identifizierung von Taubheitsgenen konnten die molekularen Mechanismen der am Hörvorgang beteiligten Ionentransportprozesse im Innenohr in den vergangenen Jahren weitgehend aufgeklärt werden. Ihren Ausgang nimmt die Signaltransduktion am Trommelfell, das durch Schallwellen in Bewegung gesetzt wird. Diese Bewegungen werden über die Gehörknöchel in Form von Flüssigkeitsbewegungen an das Innenohr übertragen. Dadurch kommt es zur lokalen Auslenkung der Stereozilien der Haarzellen. Die Folge ist das Öffnen mechanosensitiver Ionenkanäle in den Stereozilien. Da diese in die mit Endolymphe gefüllte Scala media ragen, kommt es aufgrund der hohen Kaliumkonzentration der Endolymphe zu einem Kaliumeinstrom und zur Depolarisation der Haarzellen. Infolgedessen wird Transmitter ausgeschüttet, wodurch postsynaptisch elektrische Signale generiert werden, die über den Hörnerv weitergeleitet werden. Der für den Hörvorgang ausschlaggebende Ionengradient zwischen Haarzellen und Endolymphe wird durch die Stria vascularis, ein hochspezialisiertes Epithel in der lateralen Wand der Scala media, generiert.
The moderating effects of knowledge characteristics of firms on the financial value of innovative technology products
Authors: Liu Xiaojin , Yeung Andy C.L. , Lo Chris K.Y. , Cheng T.C.E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe development of innovative technology products is both costly and risky, and their economic value is highly uncertain. Based on a sample of 312 innovative technology products introduced between 1987 and 2006 in the U.S. and a long‐horizon event study with control firms, we study the impact of innovative technology products on the long‐term financial performance of a firm. In particular, we examine how the knowledge characteristics of the firm, which embrace its knowledge absorptive capacity, knowledge impact, and knowledge diversity, moderate such an impact. We find that on average an innovative technology product increases the firm's return on assets (ROA) (relative to control firms) by 2.18% in the second year after product introduction. However, the value of an innovative technology product varies with the knowledge characteristics of the firm that invented it. We find that the financial impact of technology products is stronger when firms have higher knowledge absorptive capacity, and more impactful and less diversified knowledge (as measured by patents). We classify firms into three categories based on their knowledge characteristics. We find that firms with a high knowledge fit increase their ROA by 4.55% after product introduction, while those with a low knowledge fit receive no benefit from the innovative technology products at all.
Sea-level and reef accretion history of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 and late Stage 5 based on age and facies of submerged late Pleistocene reefs, Oahu, Hawaii
Authors: Sherman Clark E. , Fletcher Charles H. , Rubin Ken H. , Simmons Kathleen R. , Adey Walter H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn situ Pleistocene reefs form a gently sloping nearshore terrace around the island of Oahu. TIMS Th–U ages of in situ corals indicate that most of the terrace is composed of reefal limestones correlating to Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7, ~ 190–245 ka). The position of the in situ MIS 7 reef complex indicates that it formed during periods when local sea level was ~ 9 to 20 m below present sea level. Its extensiveness and geomorphic prominence as well as a paucity of emergent in situ MIS 7 reef-framework deposits on Oahu suggest that much of MIS 7 was characterized by regional sea levels below present. Later accretion along the seaward front of the terrace occurred during the latter part of MIS 5 (i.e., MIS 5a–5d, ~ 76–113 ka). The position of the late MIS 5 reefal limestones is consistent with formation during a period when local sea level was below present. The extensiveness of the submerged Pleistocene reefs around Oahu compared to the relative dearth of Holocene accretion is due to the fact that Pleistocene reefs had both more time and more accommodation space available for accretion than their Holocene counterparts.