bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANK Ligand Modulation of Autophagy in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumor Cells
Authors: Sambandam Yuvaraj , Sakamuri Sashank , Balasubramanian Sundaravadivel , Haque Azizul 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTAutophagy is a cellular process to recycle nutrients and has been implicated in cancer treatment. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer which ranks 3% of cancers in men and 2% in women. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of OSCC tumor specimens from human subjects and an athymic mouse model demonstrated high levels of autophagy markers LC3‐II and ATG5 expression. Further, we identified high levels LC3‐II expression in OSCC tumor cell lines (SCC‐1, SCC‐12, and SCC‐14a) compared to normal human epithelial (RWPE‐1) cells. OSCC cells express high levels of RANK ligand (RANKL); however, a functional role in autophagy is unknown. Interestingly, RANKL stimulation significantly increased autophagosome‐related gene expressions such as LC3, ATG5, BECN1, and PI3KC3 mRNA expression in OSCC cells. Further, Western blot analysis of total cell lysates demonstrated a dose‐dependent increase in LC3‐II and ATG5 expression in RANKL‐stimulated cells. In addition, RANKL increased expression of LC3‐I and LC3‐II, essential for autophagosome formation. Confocal microscopy analysis of LC3‐II and localization with lysosome further confirms autophagosome formation in response to RANKL treatment in OSCC cells. Collectively, our results indicate a novel function of RANKL to induce autophagosome formation, and could be a potential therapeutic target to control OSCC tumor progression. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 118–125, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zdhhc15b Regulates Differentiation of Diencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons in zebrafish
Authors: Wang Fen , Chen Xueran , Shi Wei , Yao Linli , Gao Ming , Yang Yang , Hao Aijun 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe aspartate‐histidine‐histidine‐cysteine (DHHC) protein family shares a 50‐amino acid cysteine‐rich domain with a conserved DHHC signature motif. DHHC proteins play a critical role in several biological processes. Several DHHC family members have been implicated in neuronal differentiation and synaptic plasticity. And disruptions to their function can lead to disease in the nervous system. Here, we investigate the role of Zdhhc15b, a DHHC family member, in neuro development in zebrafish. Whole‐mount in situ hybridization (WISH) revealed that zdhhc15b, an ortholog to human ZDHHC15, is abundant in zebrafish (Danio rerio) forebrain, especially in the diencephalon. Downregulation of zdhhc15b resulted in a smaller diencephalon and a reduction in mature dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons). In the meanshile, mutant zdhhc15b zebrafish was associated with poor learning behavior as detected by T‐maze testing. The expression of zdhhc15b was upregulated during DA neuronal differentiation whereas knock‐down of zdhhc15b diminished DA neuronal differentiation. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunofluorescence of cultured DA neurons in vitro also showed that DA neurons were immature following zdhhc15b knock‐down. Consistent with the decreased number of DA neurons following knock‐down of zdhhc15b, the expression of fate determination‐related transcription factors such as nurr1, foxA2, and lmx1a were also reduced in morphant zebrafish. Our results reveal that zdhhc15b controls DA neuronal fate decisions by regulating differentiation but not progenitor cell proliferation or DA neuronal survival. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2980–2991, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelet‐Derived CCL5 Regulates CXC Chemokine Formation and Neutrophil Recruitment in Acute Experimental Colitis
Authors: Yu Changhui , Zhang Songen , Wang Yongzhi , Zhang Su , Luo Lingtao , Thorlacius Henrik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccumulating data suggest that platelets not only regulate thrombosis and haemostasis but also inflammatory processes. Platelets contain numerous potent pro‐inflammatory compounds, including the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL4, although their role in acute colitis remains elusive. The aim of this study is to examine the role of platelets and platelet‐derived chemokines in acute colitis. Acute colitis is induced in female Balb/c mice by administration of 5% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 5 days. Animals receive a platelet‐depleting, anti‐CCL5, anti‐CXCL4, or a control antibody prior to DSS challenge. Colonic tissue is collected for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, CXCL5, CXCL2, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and CCL5 levels as well as morphological analyses. Platelet depletion reduce tissue damage and clinical disease activity index in DSS‐exposed animals. Platelet depletion not only reduces levels of CXCL2 and CXCL5 but also levels of CCL5 in the inflamed colon. Immunoneutralization of CCL5 but not CXCL4 reduces tissue damage, CXC chemokine expression, and neutrophil recruitment in DSS‐treated animals. These findings show that platelets play a key role in acute colitis by regulating CXC chemokine generation, neutrophil infiltration, and tissue damage in the colon. Moreover, our results suggest that platelet‐derived CCL5 is an important link between platelet activation and neutrophil recruitment in acute colitis. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 370–376, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contribution of tropical cyclones to extreme rainfall in Australia
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Denniston Rhawn F. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe contribution by tropical cyclones (TCs) to extreme rainfall in Australia is examined using daily rainfall measurements from over 2000 rain gauges. Analyses focus on the period beginning with regular satellite monitoring of TCs (1969/1970) through the year 2012/2013 and consider daily and multi‐daily annual maximum rainfall series. Our results indicate that TCs play a prominent role in extreme rainfall over much Australia, with more than half of the highest annual rainfall events associated with these storms over the coastal regions and in particular over Western Australia. Moreover, the TC fractional contribution to extreme rainfall increases as we focus on the largest rainfall events, with approximately 66–100% of annual maxima in excess of 100 mm (∼4 inches) over Western Australia associated with TCs at over one third of the locations. Given the well‐established controls on Australian TC activity by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), we also examined the relationship between extreme rainfall associated with TCs and ENSO using logistic regression. A larger probability of having an annual rainfall maximum related to TCs occurs during La Niña years, consistent with enhanced Australian cyclogenesis during these phases of ENSO. We also highlighted regional differences in the link between ENSO and extreme rainfall events, highlighting the stronger connection along the coastal areas and in particular over Western Australia.
Unambiguous warming in the western tropical Pacific primarily caused by anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Wang Guomin , Power Scott B. , McGree Simon 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTSmall Island Developing States in the tropical western Pacific are among the most vulnerable to climate change. While a great deal of information on the observed climate change trends and their cause is available for many other regions and for the globe as a whole, much less information has been available specifically for the Pacific. Here, we show that warming over the past 50 years in the western Pacific is evident in recently homogenized tropical station data, and in gridded surface temperature data sets for the region. The warming has already emerged from the background climate variability. The observational data and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 climate model output are used to show that the observed warming was primarily caused by human‐forced changes to the earth's radiative balance. Further warming is projected to occur in the same models under all three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) considered (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), with the magnitude far exceeding the warming to date under the two scenarios with higher emissions (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5).
Correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness in de novo Parkinson's disease: A case control study
Authors: Simuni Tanya , Caspell‐Garcia Chelsea , Coffey Christopher , Chahine Lama M. , Lasch Shirley , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Mayer Geert , Högl Birgit , Postuma Ron , Videnovic Aleksandar , Amara Amy Willis , Marek Ken ,   for the PPMI Sleep Working group on behalf of the PPMI Investigators
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to determine the frequency and correlates of excessive daytime sleepiness in de novo, untreated Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with the matched healthy controls.MethodsData were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, an international study of de novo, untreated PD patients and healthy controls. At baseline, participants were assessed with a wide range of motor and nonmotor scales, including the Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS). Excessive daytime sleepiness was assessed based on the Epworth Sleepiness scale (ESS), with a cutoff of 10.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐three PD subjects and 196 healthy controls were recruited into the study. Mean ESS (min, max) score was 5.8 (0, 20) for the PD subjects and 5.6 (0, 19) for healthy controls (P = 0.54). Sixty‐six (15.6%) PD subjects and 24 (12%) healthy controls had ESS of at least 10 (P = 0.28). No difference was seen in demographic characteristics, age of onset, disease duration, PD subtype, cognitive status, or utilization of sedatives between the PD sleepiness‐positive versus the negative group. The sleepiness‐positive group had higher MDS‐UPDRS Part I and II but not III scores, and higher depression and autonomic dysfunction scores. Sleepiness was associated with a marginal reduction of A‐beta (P = 0.05) but not alpha‐synuclein spinal fluid levels in PD.ConclusionsThis largest case control study demonstrates no difference in prevalence of excessive sleepiness in subjects with de novo untreated PD compared with healthy controls. The only clinical correlates of sleepiness were mood and autonomic dysfunction. Ongoing longitudinal analyses will be essential to further examine clinical and biological correlates of sleepiness in PD and specifically the role of dopaminergic therapy. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Refinements in flap design and inset for pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with free thigh flaps
Authors: Zelken Jonathan A. , Kang Chung‐Jan , Huang Shiang‐Fu , Liao Chun‐Ta , Tsao Chung‐Kan 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundComplications arising from anastomotic failure may occur after pharyngoesophageal reconstruction. In this report we present results of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with free thigh flaps using a refined design and inset strategy in a series of patients.MethodsFrom May 2011 to December 2012, pharyngoesophageal oncologic defects were reconstructed in 12 men using thigh flaps. Flaps were designed to exceed defect circumference to allow draping of the excess over injury‐prone vessels (so‐called delta‐inset). Patients were 39‐ to 68‐years‐old (mean, 51.8‐years‐old) at the time of surgery. BMI ranged from 17 to 28 kg/m2 (average, 21.5 kg/m2). The sites of defects were the hypopharynx in 11 cases and the pharynx in 1 case. Ten anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps and 2 anteromedial thigh (AMT) flaps were used. All patients underwent radiation therapy.ResultsThe average flap size was 22 × 9 cm (range: 16–26 × 7–11 cm2). There were no partial or total flap losses, and no donor site complications. Follow‐up was 19.3 months (range: 2.4–21.6 months) including 8 patients (75%) who succumbed to disease in the follow‐up period. Oral intake was achieved in all patients. Recipient site complications occurred in 50% of cases and included fistula (2 cases), fistula and stricture (2 cases), stricture (1 case), and lymphocele (1 case). Four patients required revision for fistula.ConclusionsA refined thigh flap design and inset method in pharyngoesophageal reconstruction may circumvent complications arising from toxic drainage and vascular injury. However, there are insufficient data to make meaningful comparisons to alternative methods. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:112–118, 2017.
The Evolution of Information and Communication Technology in Public Administration
Authors: Liu Shuhua Monica , Yuan Qianli 
Published: June 2015

SummaryOver the last decades, governments all over the world have tried to take advantage of information and communication technology (ICT) to improve government operations and communication with citizens. Adoption of e‐government has increased in most countries, but at the same time, the rate of successful adoption and operation varies from country to country. This article outlines the evolution of ICT in the public sector over the past 25 years. It presents general trends by examining interactions and mutual shaping processes between ICT evolution and several inter‐related institutional changes including government operations, public services delivery, citizen participation, policy and decision making, and governance reform. The authors suggest that within a short time period, e‐governance has evolved rapidly from rudimentary uses of ICTs as simple tools to support highly structured administrative work to the integration of ICT throughout government operations. The growing use of Web 2.0, social media, and mobile and wireless ICT by citizens can also heavily impact the way public services are delivered and how citizen engagement processes are carried out. However, new management approaches, governance structures, and policy frameworks are still missing, posing a challenge for governments to operate effectively in the age of big data. Generally, developing countries are lagging behind in e‐government adoption compared with developed countries. Thus, for developing countries to successfully adopt ICT and try to leapfrog some of the obstacles encountered by early ICT adopters in developed countries, systematic analyses need to be conducted to understand the interactions among stakeholders and ICTs and co‐create the institutional environment to lead to a positive impact of ICT on public administration. Only when this relationship is clearly understood can innovative ICTs be seamlessly integrated into the governance structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genomic landscape of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Martelotto Luciano G , De Filippo Maria R , Ng Charlotte KY , Natrajan Rachael , Fuhrmann Laetitia , Cyrta Joanna , Piscuoglio Salvatore , Wen Huei‐Chi , Lim Raymond S , Shen Ronglai , Schultheis Anne M , Wen Y Hannah , Edelweiss Marcia , Mariani Odette , Stenman Göran , Chan Timothy A , Colombo Pierre‐Emmanuel , Norton Larry , Vincent‐Salomon Anne , Reis‐Filho Jorge S , Weigelt Britta 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAdenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) is a rare type of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) characterized by the presence of the MYB–NFIB fusion gene. The molecular underpinning of breast AdCCs other than the MYB–NFIB fusion gene remains largely unexplored. Here we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of breast AdCCs. We performed whole‐exome sequencing, followed by orthogonal validation, of 12 breast AdCCs to determine the landscape of somatic mutations and gene copy number alterations. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse‐transcription PCR were used to define the presence of MYB gene rearrangements and MYB–NFIB chimeric transcripts. Unlike common forms of TNBC, we found that AdCCs have a low mutation rate (0.27 non‐silent mutations/Mb), lack mutations in TP53 and PIK3CA and display a heterogeneous constellation of known cancer genes affected by somatic mutations, including MYB, BRAF, FBXW7, SMARCA5, SF3B1 and FGFR2. MYB and TLN2 were affected by somatic mutations in two cases each. Akin to salivary gland AdCCs, breast AdCCs were found to harbour mutations targeting chromatin remodelling, cell adhesion, RNA biology, ubiquitination and canonical signalling pathway genes. We observed that, although breast AdCCs had rather simple genomes, they likely display intra‐tumour genetic heterogeneity at diagnosis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the mutational burden and mutational repertoire of breast AdCCs are more similar to those of salivary gland AdCCs than to those of other types of TNBCs, emphasizing the importance of histological subtyping of TNBCs. Furthermore, our data provide direct evidence that AdCCs harbour a distinctive mutational landscape and genomic structure, irrespective of the disease site of origin. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐field volatile analysis employing a hand‐held portable GC‐MS: emission profiles differentiate damaged and undamaged yellow starthistle flower heads
Authors: Beck John J. , Porter Nathan , Cook Daniel , Gee Wai S. , Griffith Corey M. , Rands Anthony D. , Truong Tai V. , Smith Lincoln , San Román Itxaso 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the complex chemical signalling of plants and insects is an important component of chemical ecology. Accordingly, the collection and analysis of chemical cues from plants in their natural environment is integral to elucidation of plant–insect communications. Remote plant locations and the need for a large number of replicates make in situ headspace analyses a daunting logistical challenge. A hand‐held, portable GC‐MS system was used to discriminate between damaged and undamaged Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) flower heads in both a potted‐plant and natural setting.ObjectiveTo determine if a portable GC‐MS system was capable of distinguishing between undamaged and mechanically damaged plant treatments, and plant environments.MethodologyA portable GC‐MS utilising needle trap adsorbent technology was used to collect and analyse in situ headspace volatiles of varying yellow starthistle treatments. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to distinguish treatments and identify biomarker volatiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences between treatment volatile amounts.ResultsThe portable GC‐MS system detected 31 volatiles from the four treatments. Each GC‐MS run was completed in less than 3 min. PCA showed four distinct clusters representing the four treatments – damaged and undamaged potted plant, and damaged and undamaged natural plant. Damage‐specific volatiles were identified.ConclusionThe portable GC‐MS system distinguished the treatments based on their detected volatile profiles. Additional statistical analysis identified five possible biomarker volatiles for the treatments, among them cyclosativene and copaene, which indicated damaged flower heads. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The significance of gender in fetuses with increased nuchal translucency: pregnancy outcomes and long‐term outcomes of children
Authors: Äyräs Outi , Eronen Marianne , Tikkanen Minna , Rahkola‐Soisalo Päivi , Paavonen Jorma , Stefanovic Vedran 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveWe aim to study the gender impact on the pregnancy outcome and on the long‐term outcome of children after increased fetal nuchal translucency.MethodAll singleton pregnancies with increased nuchal translucency (≥3 mm until 1 March 2004 and ≥95th percentile thereafter) referred to Helsinki University Hospital from 2002 to 2007 with known gender and normal sex chromosomes were included. The pregnancy outcome (miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, perinatal death or delivery of a healthy/unhealthy child) and the long‐term outcome (structural defects or neurodevelopmental impairment) were recorded from hospital databases and national registers.ResultsOf the 1011 fetuses, 600 were male and 411 were female, male‐to‐female ratio being 1.46 : 1. This ratio decreased by increasing NT thickness, being 1 : 1 when the NT was ≥4.0 mm. The pregnancy outcome was better among male fetuses than among female fetuses (p = 0.049). There were more chromosomal abnormalities among the females than the males (p = 0.04). Among euploid fetuses, the pregnancy outcome and the long‐term outcome were equal.ConclusionAfter increased nuchal translucency, the pregnancy outcome of male fetuses was better due to the lower incidence of chromosomal abnormalities compared with female fetuses. Among euploid fetuses, the pregnancy outcome and the long‐term outcome were equal. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical outcome of subchromosomal events detected by whole‐genome noninvasive prenatal testing
Authors: Helgeson J. , Wardrop J. , Boomer T. , Almasri E. , Paxton W. B. , Saldivar J. S. , Dharajiya N. , Monroe T. J. , Farkas D. H. , Grosu D. S. , McCullough R. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveA novel algorithm to identify fetal microdeletion events in maternal plasma has been developed and used in clinical laboratory‐based noninvasive prenatal testing. We used this approach to identify the subchromosomal events 5pdel, 22q11del, 15qdel, 1p36del, 4pdel, 11qdel, and 8qdel in routine testing. We describe the clinical outcomes of those samples identified with these subchromosomal events.MethodsBlood samples from high‐risk pregnant women submitted for noninvasive prenatal testing were analyzed using low coverage whole genome massively parallel sequencing. Sequencing data were analyzed using a novel algorithm to detect trisomies and microdeletions.ResultsIn testing 175 393 samples, 55 subchromosomal deletions were reported. The overall positive predictive value for each subchromosomal aberration ranged from 60% to 100% for cases with diagnostic and clinical follow‐up information. The total false positive rate was 0.0017% for confirmed false positives results; false negative rate and sensitivity were not conclusively determined.ConclusionNoninvasive testing can be expanded into the detection of subchromosomal copy number variations, while maintaining overall high test specificity. In the current setting, our results demonstrate high positive predictive values for testing of rare subchromosomal deletions. © 2015 The Authors. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Identification of six cell surface proteins for specific liver targeting
Authors: Ducret Axel , Kux van Geijtenbeek Sabine , Röder Daniel , Simon Sandrine , Chin Daniel , Berrera Marco , Gruenbaum Lore , Ji Changhua , Cutler Paul 
Published: June 2015

PurposeCell surface proteins are the primary means for a cell to sense and interact with its environment and their dysregulation has been linked to numerous diseases. In particular, the identification of proteins specific to a single tissue type or to a given disease phenotype may enable the characterization of novel therapeutic targets. We tested here the feasibility of a cell surface proteomics approach to identify pertinent markers directly in a clinically relevant tissue.Experimental designWe analyzed the cell surface proteome of freshly isolated primary heptatocytes using a glycocapture‐specific approach combined with a robust bioinformatics filtering.ResultsUsing primary lung epithelial cell cultures as negative controls, we identified 32 hepatocyte‐specific cell surface proteins candidates. We used mRNA expression to select six markers that may provide adequate specificity for targeting therapeutics to the liver.Conclusions and clinical relevanceWe demonstrate the feasibility and the importance of conducting such studies directly in a clinically relevant tissue. In particular, the cell surface proteome of freshly isolated hepatocytes differed substantially from cultured cell lines.