bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Monitoring Method for Nonlabeled Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Growth by Time-Lapse Image Analysis
Authors: Suga Mika , Kii Hiroaki , Niikura Keiichi , Kiyota Yasujiro , Furue Miho K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Cell growth is an important criterion for determining healthy cell conditions. When somatic cells or cancer cells are dissociated into single cells for passaging, the cell numbers can be counted at each passage, providing information on cell growth as an indicator of the health conditions of these cells. In the case of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), because the cells are usually dissociated into cell clumps of ∼50–100 cells for passaging, cell counting is time-consuming. In the present study, using a time-lapse imaging system, we developed a method to determine the growth of hPSCs from nonlabeled live cell phase-contrast images without damaging these cells. Next, the hPSC colony areas and number of nuclei were determined and used to derive equations to calculate the cell number in hPSC colonies, which were assessed on time-lapse images acquired using a culture observation system. The relationships between the colony areas and nuclei numbers were linear, although the equation coefficients were dependent on the cell line used, colony size, colony morphology, and culture conditions. When the culture conditions became improper, the change in cell growth conditions could be detected by analysis of the phase-contrast images. This method provided real-time information on colony growth and cell growth rates without using treatments that can damage cells and could be useful for basic research on hPSCs and cell processing for hPSC-based therapy.

Significance
This is the first study to use a noninvasive method using images to systemically determine the growth of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) without damaging or wasting cells. This method would be useful for quality control during cell culture of clinical hPSCs.
Klimato rodiklių scenarijai Lietuvos teritorijoje XXI a.
Authors: Keršytė Dovilė , Rimkus Egidijus , Kažys Justas 
Published: May 2015

Straipsnyje pateikiami prognostiniai klimato rodiklių (vidutinės oro temperatūros ir kritulių kiekio) pokyčiai Lietuvos teritorijoje XXI a. Pasinaudota 24 klimato modelių išvesties duomenimis. Oro temperatūros ir kritulių kiekio reikšmės atskirais mėnesiais analizuotos Lietuvos teritorijoje 1861–2100 m. Sudaryti 2016–2035 ir 2081–2100 m. klimato rodiklių scenarijai, palyginti su 1986–2005 m. bazinio laikotarpio vidutinėmis reikšmėmis. Prognostiniai dydžiai pateikiami pagal skirtingus RCP scenarijus 5 gardelėms (jų dydis – 2,5° × 2,5°), dengiančioms Lietuvos teritoriją. Taip pat tyrime buvo panaudoti 16 Lietuvos meteorologijos stočių kritulių kiekio ir oro temperatūros duomenys. Tikimasi, jog XXI a. oro temperatūra Lietuvos teritorijoje didės visais metų laikais, o teritoriniai pokyčių skirtumai bus nedideli (iki 0,5 °C). Iki 2035 m. vidutinė metinė temperatūra padidės 1,1–1,4 °C, o iki 2100 m. – 1,5–5,1 °C. Labiausiai turėtų padidėti šaltojo metų laikotarpio temperatūra. Vidutinis metinis kritulių kiekis iki 2035 m. turėtų išaugti 1,6–4,0 %, o iki 2100 m. – nuo 3,7 iki 13,5 %. Kritulių kiekio augimas prognozuojamas spalio–birželio mėn., o liepą–rugsėjį galimas kritulių kiekio mažėjimas. Šiaurinėje šalies dalyje tikėtini didesni kritulių kiekio pasikeitimai.
Sensor faults diagnosis in aircraft lateral flight control using model based approaches
Authors: Kiyak Emre 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, sensor fault detection and isolation schemes are proposed. Fault detection and isolation techniques are used in fail safe control systems such as aerospace. In these systems, failures can cause to arise undesirable results. Using model based approaches, sensor faults can be detected and isolated. To detect sensor faults, some kind of observers can be used while isolating the faulty sensors, some kind of schemes can be used. In this study, sensor fault detection and isolation are obtained on an aircraft lateral flight control system using model based approaches. Full Order Observer and Reduced Order Observer are used for sensor fault detection while Dedicated Observer Scheme (DOS) and Generalized Observer Scheme (GOS) are used for sensor isolation. Fault detection and fault isolation methods are analyzed and compared with each other.
Toward a parameterization of global‐scale organic carbon mineralization kinetics in surface marine sediments
Authors: Stolpovsky K. , Dale A. W. , Wallmann K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn empirical function is derived for predicting the rate‐depth profile of particulate organic carbon (POC) degradation in surface marine sediments including the bioturbated layer. The rate takes the form of a power law analogous to the Middelburg function. The functional parameters were optimized by simulating measured benthic O2 and NO3− fluxes at 185 stations worldwide using a diagenetic model. The novelty of this work rests with the finding that the vertically resolved POC degradation rate in the bioturbated zone can be determined using a simple function where the POC rain rate is the governing variable. Although imperfect, the model is able to fit 71% of paired O2 and NO3− fluxes to within 50% of measured values. It further provides realistic geochemical concentration‐depth profiles, NO3− penetration depths, and apparent first‐order POC mineralization rate constants. The model performs less well on the continental shelf due to the high sediment heterogeneity there. When applied to globally resolved maps of rain rate, the model predicts a global denitrification rate of 182 ± 88 Tg yr−1 of N and a POC burial rate of 107 ± 52 Tg yr−1 of C with a mean carbon burial efficiency of 6.1%. These results are in very good agreement with published values. Our proposed function is conceptually simple, requires less parameterization than multi‐G‐type models, and is suitable for nonsteady state applications. It provides a basis for more accurately simulating benthic nutrient fluxes and carbonate dissolution rates in Earth system models.
Seasonal variations in the aragonite saturation state in the upper open‐ocean waters of the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kim Tae‐Wook , Park Geun‐Ha , Kim Dongseon , Lee Kitack , Feely Richard A. , Millero Frank J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeasonal variability of the aragonite saturation state (ΩAR) in the upper (50 m and 100 m depths) North Pacific Ocean (NPO) was investigated using multiple linear regression (MLR). The MLR algorithm derived from a high‐quality carbon data set accurately predicted the ΩAR of evaluation data sets (three time series stations and P02 section) with acceptable uncertainty (<0.1 ΩAR). The algorithm was combined with seasonal climatology data, and the estimated ΩAR varied in the range of 0.4–0.6 in the midlatitude western NPO, with the largest variation found for the tropical eastern NPO. These marked variations were largely controlled by seasonal changes in vertical mixing and thermocline depth, both of which determine the degree of entrainment of CO2‐rich corrosive waters from deeper depths. Our MLR‐based subsurface ΩAR climatology is complementary to surface climatology based on pCO2 measurements.
Relating wave attenuation to pancake ice thickness, using field measurements and model results
Authors: Doble Martin J. , De Carolis Giacomo , Meylan Michael H. , Bidlot Jean‐Raymond , Wadhams Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWave attenuation coefficients (α, m−1) were calculated from in situ data transmitted by custom wave buoys deployed into the advancing pancake ice region of the Weddell Sea. Data cover a 12 day period as the buoy array was first compressed and then dilated under the influence of a passing low‐pressure system. Attenuation was found to vary over more than 2 orders of magnitude and to be far higher than that observed in broken‐floe marginal ice zones. A clear linear relation between α and ice thickness was demonstrated, using ice thickness from a novel dynamic/thermodynamic model. A simple expression for α in terms of wave period and ice thickness was derived, for application in research and operational models. The variation of α was further investigated with a two‐layer viscous model, and a linear relation was found between eddy viscosity in the sub‐ice boundary layer and ice thickness.
Synoptic scale controls on the δ18O in precipitation across Beringia
Authors: Bailey Hannah L. , Kaufman Darrell S. , Henderson Andrew C. G. , Leng Melanie J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOxygen isotope records of precipitation (δ18Oprecip) from Beringia are thought to reflect synoptic‐scale circulation changes associated with the Aleutian Low. To delineate the spatial pattern of δ18Oprecip associated with the two dominant modes of Aleutian Low circulation, we combine modern δ18Oprecip and deuterium excess data with climate reanalysis and back trajectory modeling. Aleutian Low strength and position are revealed to systematically affect regional moisture source and δ18Oprecip; whereby a strengthened Aleutian Low causes lower (higher) δ18Oprecip in western (eastern) Beringia. We compare a new 100 year long δ18O record from the Aleutian Islands with the North Pacific Index, the primary indicator of Aleutian Low strength, and find a significant positive relationship (r = 0.43, P < 0.02, n = 28) that tracks late twentieth century change. This study demonstrates synoptic‐scale circulation controls on our isotope record and provides a coherent framework for interpreting existing and emerging paleoisotope data from the region.
Mechanisms driving the seasonality of catchment scale nitrate export: Evidence for riparian ecohydrologic controls
Authors: Duncan Jonathan M. , Band Lawrence E. , Groffman Peter M. , Bernhardt Emily S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConsiderable variability in the seasonal patterns of stream water nitrate (
) has been observed in forested watersheds throughout the world. While many forested headwater catchments exhibit winter and early spring peaks in
concentrations, several watersheds have peak concentrations during the summer months. Pond Branch, a headwater catchment in Maryland monitored for over 10 years, exhibits recurrent and broad summer peaks in both
concentrations and watershed export. Higher
export from June to September is particularly surprising, given that these summer months typically have the year's lowest discharge. A key challenge is identifying the source(s) of
and the mechanism(s) by which it is transported to the watershed outlet during the summer. In this study, we assessed multiple hypotheses (not mutually exclusive) that could account for the seasonal trend including proximal controls of groundwater‐surface water interactions, instream processes, and riparian groundwater‐N cycling interactions, as well as two distal controls: geochemical weathering and senescence of riparian vegetation. A combination of long‐term weekly and limited duration high‐frequency sensor data reveals the importance of riparian ecohydrologic processes during base flow. In this watershed, patterns of seasonal stream water
concentrations and fluxes depend fundamentally on interactions between groundwater dynamics and nitrogen (N) cycling in the riparian zone. Groundwater tables control nitrification‐denitrification dynamics as well as hydrologic transport. Our results suggest that in many watersheds, a more sophisticated exploration of
production and
transport mechanisms is required to identify critical points in the landscape and over time that disproportionately drive patterns of watershed
export.
Genetics and Epigenetics of Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Konsta Orsia D , Le Dantec Christelle , Brooks Wesley H , Renaudineau Yves 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Elucidating the interrelationships between genetic and epigenetic factors represents an important challenge in our knowledge of autoimmune diseases (AID). Accordingly, the first clues support (1) the initiating role of environmental factors (e.g. infectious agents, drugs, diet and UV light exposure) on the epigenetic machinery, (2) the presence of specific cell‐type epigenetic marks in AID (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modifications and chromatin organisation), (3) the critical role of epigenetic processes in the control of transposons and key immune protein‐coding gene expression, (4) the presence of AID‐associated genetic risk variants that are predominantly present within cell‐type‐specific and epigenetically controlled long‐range gene‐regulatory sequences and, last but not the least, (5) the detection of AID‐specific transcriptome hallmarks that are in part related to microRNA dysregulation. Altogether, advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of AID offer novel ways for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of AID patients.

Key Concepts

Autoimmune diseases (AID) are complex diseases.

Genetics, epigenetics and environmental factors control AID.

AID genetic risk variants are mainly located in the epigenetic AID‐related hotspots.

Epigenetic modifications are cell specific in AID.

Environmental factors control cell‐specific epigenetic modifications in AID.
Ein minimales β‐Lacton‐Gerüst für selektive β5c‐ oder β5i‐Proteasominhibitoren
Authors: Groll Michael , Korotkov Vadim S. , Huber Eva M. , de Meijere Armin , Ludwig Antje 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTyp‐unselektive Proteasominhibitoren werden in der Krebstherapie eingesetzt. Selektive Hemmung des Immunproteasoms könnte dagegen der Therapie von Autoimmunkrankheiten dienen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden minimale Strukturelemente identifiziert, welche die Selektivität von Inhibitoren für die proteasomalen Untereinheiten β5c und β5i bestimmen. Ausgehend von dem Naturstoff Belactosin C wurden zwei β‐Lactone synthetisiert, die neben einer Dimethoxybenzyl‐Einheit entweder eine Methylpropyl‐ (Pseudo‐Isoleucin) oder eine Isopropyl‐P1‐Seitenkette (Pseudo‐Valin) tragen. Das Isoleucin‐Derivat ist gegenüber der β5i‐Untereinheit (IC50=14 nM) sechsfach wirksamer als das Valin‐Pendant. Zellkulturexperimente bestätigen die Zellgängigkeit beider Substanzen, und röntgenkristallographische Daten visualisieren die Besetzung der gestrichenen und nichtgestrichenen Substratbindekanäle des Proteasoms. β‐Lactone sind somit bestens für die Entwicklung nichtpeptidischer Proteasominhibitoren geeignet.
Practical Continuous‐Flow Trapping Metalations of Functionalized Arenes and Heteroarenes Using TMPLi in the Presence of Mg, Zn, Cu, or La Halides
Authors: Becker Matthias R. , Knochel Paul 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe flow metalation of various arenes and heteroarenes involving an in situ trapping with metal salts (ZnCl2⋅2 LiCl, MgCl2, CuCN⋅2 LiCl, LaCl3⋅2 LiCl) under very convenient conditions (0 °C, 40 s) is reported. The resulting Mg, Zn, Cu, or La organic species are trapped with various electrophiles in high yields. In several cases, unusual kinetically controlled regioselectivities are obtained. All these flow metalations can be scaled up simply by extending the reaction time and without further optimization. The reaction scope of such flow metalations is considerably broader than that of the corresponding batch procedures.
Novel polyketones with pendant imidazolium groups as nanodispersants of hydrophobic antibiotics
Authors: Araya‐Hermosilla Esteban , Orellana Sandra L. , Toncelli Claudio , Picchioni Francesco , Moreno‐Villoslada Ignacio 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present a new method to nanodisperse the pH‐sensitive antibiotics oxolinic acid and flumequine by the use of a pH‐sensitive synthetic polyketone derivative with amphiphilic characteristics. The pH‐sensitive polymer bears imidazolium residues on pendant groups as weak acids, and its solvophobic properties can be tuned by changing the pH. While the antibiotics are soluble in water at pHs higher than 7.0 for flumequine and 8.4 for oxolinic acid, and the polymer is soluble in water at pHs lower than 5.5, nanoprecipitates presenting hydrodynamic radius of 35–100 nm and positive zeta potential containing both the polymer and any of the antibiotics are formed at pH 6.8 by mixing stock solutions whose pH has been adjusted to 5.4 for the polymer and higher than 10 for the antibiotics. The out‐of‐equilibrium process occurring upon mixing both solutions produces pH changing, molecular arrangement, and a controlled collapse of the system in the form of nano‐ and submicron particles. The driving forces for the arrangements are found among hydrophobic forces, long‐range electrostatic interactions, and short range aromatic–aromatic interactions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42363.
Cationic polymerization behavior of β‐methylglycidyl ether derivatives and physical properties of their cationically cured materials
Authors: Tamaso Ken‐ichi , Ogawa Ryo , Matsumoto Kozo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTβ‐Methylglycidyl ethers have been applied to Electrical and Electronic adhesives. However, there is no report about the detailed polymerization behavior and physical properties of their cured products. Hence, we investigated cationic polymerization behavior of bisphenol A di(β‐methylglycidyl) ether (Me‐BADGE) and physical properties of the cured products containing Me‐BADGE. DSC analysis suggested that Me‐BADGE could be cured completely at lower temperature than bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE). Physical properties were analyzed by dynamic viscoelastic analysis. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of BADGE homopolymer was 194°C. In contrast, the copolymer of BADGE (50 wt %) with Me‐BADGE (50 wt %) showed Tg at 124°C. According to the data of E’ and tan δ, crosslink density of the cured products decreased with increasing the Me‐BADGE content. The analysis of cationic polymerization of monofunctional β‐methylglycidyl ether suggested that the cationic polymerization proceeded not only through oxonium cation but also through carbocation formed by ring‐opening reaction of oxonium cation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42377.
The impact of biotechnological advances on the future of US bioenergy
Authors: Davison Brian H. , Brandt Craig C. , Guss Adam M. , Kalluri Udaya C. , Palumbo Antony V. , Stouder Richard L. , Webb Erin G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractModern biotechnology has the potential to substantially advance the feasibility, structure, and efficiency of future biofuel supply chains. Advances might be direct or indirect. A direct advance would be improving the efficiency of biochemical conversion processes and feedstock production. Direct advances in processing may involve developing improved enzymes and bacteria to convert lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol. Progress in feedstock production could include enhancing crop yields via genetic modification or the selection of specific natural variants and breeds. Other direct results of biotechnology might increase the production of fungible biofuels and bioproducts, which would impact the supply chain. Indirect advances might include modifications to dedicated bioenergy crops that enable them to grow on marginal lands rather than land needed for food production. This study assesses the feasibility and advantages of near‐future (10‐year) biotechnological developments for a US biomass‐based supply chain for bioenergy production. We assume a simplified supply chain of feedstock, logistics and land use, conversion, and products and utilization. The primary focus is how likely developments in feedstock production and conversion technologies will impact bioenergy and biofuels in the USA; a secondary focus is other innovative uses of biotechnologies in the energy arenas. The assessment addresses near‐term biofuels based on starch, sugar, and cellulosic feedstocks and considers some longer‐term options, such as oil‐crop and algal technologies. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Persistent enhancement of bacterial motility increases tumor penetration
Authors: Thornlow Dana N. , Brackett Emily L. , Gigas Jonathan M. , Van Dessel Nele , Forbes Neil S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMotile bacteria can overcome the transport limitations that hinder many cancer therapies. Active bacteria can penetrate through tissue to deliver treatment to resistant tumor regions. Bacterial therapy has had limited success, however, because this motility is heterogeneous, and within a population many individuals are non‐motile. In human trials, heterogeneity led to poor dispersion and incomplete tumor colonization. To address these problems, a swarm‐plate selection method was developed to increase swimming velocity. Video microscopy was used to measure the velocity distribution of selected bacteria and a microfluidic tumor‐on‐a‐chip device was used to measure penetration through tumor cell masses. Selection on swarm plates increased average velocity fourfold, from 4.9 to 18.7 μm/s (P < 0.05) and decreased the number of non‐motile individuals from 51% to 3% (P < 0.05). The selected phenotype was both robust and stable. Repeating the selection process consistently increased velocity and eliminated non‐motile individuals. When selected strains were cryopreserved and subcultured for 30.1 doublings, the high‐motility phenotype was preserved. In the microfluidic device, selected Salmonella penetrated deeper into cell masses than unselected controls. By 10 h after inoculation, control bacteria accumulated in the front 30% of cell masses, closest to the flow channel. In contrast, selected Salmonella accumulated in the back 30% of cell masses, farthest from the channel. Selection increased the average penetration distance from 150 to 400 μm (P < 0.05). This technique provides a simple and rapid method to generate high‐motility Salmonella that has increased penetration and potential for greater tumor dispersion and clinical efficacy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2397–2405. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.