bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise identity as a risk factor for exercise dependence
Authors: Murray Aja L. , McKenzie Karen , Newman Emily , Brown Erin 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to explore the relationship between exercise identity and exercise dependence. We hypothesized that stronger exercise identities would be associated with greater odds of experiencing exercise dependence symptoms.DesignLogistic regression was used to assess the extent of association between exercise identity and the risk of experiencing exercise dependence symptoms.MethodParticipants (101) were recruited online via sports clubs and social networking sites and were asked to complete online measures of exercise identity and exercise dependence.ResultsThe overall model fit was a significant improvement on the baseline model, but only the exercise beliefs factor was significantly associated with the odds of dependence symptoms, with higher scores on the belief scale predicting greater odds of experiencing dependence symptoms. Exercise role identity, in contrast, was not significantly associated with odds of experiencing dependence symptoms. Per cent correct classification was 55.9% for asymptomatic and 88.2% for symptomatic individuals and the overall per cent correct classification was 77.5%.ConclusionsThe relation between identity and dependence could represent both a fruitful research avenue and a potential therapeutic target for those experiencing dependence symptoms; although our findings only showed a relationship between one of the two factors of the exercise identity measure and dependence. Longitudinal research is required to examine the relationship between identity and dependence in the context of other variables to better understand why some individuals become exercise dependent whereas others do not.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Exercise identity has been identified as an important determinant of exercise behaviour and studies within the exercise identity framework have proven elucidative with respect to the psychological processes that may underpin commitment to exercise. It has separately been established that some individuals may become dependent on exercise and exhibit symptoms indicative of a behavioural addiction to exercise according in line with clinical definitions.What does this study add?

Psychological explanation for exercise dependence based on escalation of normal exercise identity processes. Empirical investigation of identity‐dependence link using a sample of physically active individuals. Comparison of two alternative structures for the exercise identity construct.
A further look into compensatory health beliefs: A think aloud study
Authors: Kaklamanou Daphne , Armitage Christopher J. , Jones Christopher R. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesCompensatory health beliefs are hypothesized to be a means by which people compensate for the negative effects of performing an unhealthy behaviour by engaging in a health‐protective behaviour (Knäuper, Rabiau, Cohen, & Patriciu, 2004). However, the measurement of compensatory health beliefs has proven problematic (e.g., Radtke, Scholz, Keller, Perren, & Hornung, 2010) and so the aims of the present study are to identify: (a) the kinds of difficulties that people experience when completing compensatory health belief scales; and (b) what steps will be required to develop a future reliable and valid measure of compensatory health beliefs.DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsForty‐three participants (M = 34.98 years, SD = 13.94) completed the compensatory health beliefs questionnaire while thinking aloud. Participants' responses to the compensatory health beliefs scale were coded using French, Cooke, McLean, Williams, and Sutton's (2007) schedule.ResultsConsistent with prior research, the full compensatory health beliefs scale showed evidence of internal reliability, and face validity. Participants identified several conceptual ambiguities, most notably: (a) between belief‐ and behaviour‐based compensation (i.e., participants did not believe in the compensatory health belief, but still engaged in the affiliated compensatory behaviour), and (b) the ‘effectiveness’ of the beliefs (i.e., participants talked about engaging in the compensatory behaviour, but acknowledged that it was only a partial solution).ConclusionsAlthough the compensatory health belief subscales lack reliability, the measure as a whole possesses face validity. Further work is required to refine the compensatory health beliefs scale by discriminating between compensatory health beliefs and compensatory health behaviours.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Although the idea that people use compensatory health beliefs as a strategy to continue engaging in unhealthy behaviours is an appealing one, attempts to measure compensatory health beliefs has produced mixed findings (see Kaklamanou & Armitage, ; Knäuper et al., ; Nooijer, Puijk‐Hekman, & Assema, ; Radtke et al., ).What does this study add? The present study, using a ‘think aloud technique’, suggests ways to improve reliability of the compensatory health beliefs scale. We suggest that three sub‐strategies underpin the ‘activate Compensatory Health Beliefs’ strategy. We propose a new construct that we call ‘compensatory health behaviours’.
Positive experience, self‐efficacy, and action control predict physical activity changes: A moderated mediation analysis
Authors: Parschau Linda , Fleig Lena , Koring Milena , Lange Daniela , Knoll Nina , Schwarzer Ralf , Lippke Sonia 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesExperiencing positive consequences of one's physical activity is supposed to facilitate further activity. This motivational outcome might be generated by an increase in perceived self‐efficacy. In addition to such a mediator effect, we examine whether this applies generally or only under conditions of volitional control. For this purpose, perceived action control was considered as a putative moderator.Design and MethodN = 193 students participated in a study with three measurement points in time. At baseline, positive experience with previous physical activity was measured as a predictor of physical activity. Two weeks later, self‐efficacy and action control variables were assessed as putative mediator and moderator, respectively. After another 2 weeks, physical activity was measured as the outcome. A moderated mediation model was specified with baseline physical activity and sex as covariates.ResultsSelf‐efficacy was found to mediate between initial positive experience and later physical activity, and this mediation was moderated by action control.ConclusionsParticipants’ perceptions of positive experience were associated with their subsequent self‐efficacy fostering physical activity. However, persons with low levels of action control did not translate positive experience into physical activity via self‐efficacy.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Numerous studies have shown that exercise‐specific self‐efficacy predicts subsequent physical activity. Prior positive experience with physical activity is suggested to be associated with exercise‐specific self‐efficacy. Furthermore, action control was found to be beneficial for the maintenance of physical activity.What does this study add?

This study unveils the mechanisms between these social‐cognitive determinants: our longitudinal results suggest that the mediation of positive experience and subsequent physical activity via self‐efficacy is moderated by action control. Persons with low levels of action control did not translate positive experience into physical activity via self‐efficacy.
Patients' aggressive behaviours towards nurses: development and psychometric properties of the hospital aggressive behaviour scale‐ users
Authors: Waschgler Kathrin , Ruiz‐Hernández José Antonio , Llor‐Esteban Bartolomé , García‐Izquierdo Mariano 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimThis article is to report the development and psychometric testing of the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale – Users.BackgroundWorkplace violence is present in many work spheres, but in the healthcare sector, nurses in particular are at more risk due to the close contact they maintain with users and clients and the special characteristics of this relationship.DesignUsing qualitative and quantitative methodology, an instrument was applied to a sample of 1,489 nurses from 11 public hospitals. Data collection was carried out in 2010 and 2011.ResultsExploratory factor analysis yielded a 10‐item instrument distributed in two factors (non‐physical violence and physical violence), which was validated by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Both the resulting questionnaire and the factors identified present high internal consistency and adequate external validity, analysed by means of statistically significant correlations between the Hospital Aggressive Behaviour Scale and job satisfaction, burnout components, and psychological well‐being.ConclusionsThe results indicate that, in nursing personnel, higher exposure to user violence leads to lower job satisfaction, more emotional exhaustion and more cynicism, and to a lower level of psychological well‐being.The instrument developed in this study may be very useful in the sphere of assessment and prevention of psychosocial risks for the early detection of the problem of user violence in its two facets.
Failure to detect an association between aggressive periodontitis and the prevalence of herpesviruses
Authors: Stein Jamal M. , Said Yekta Sareh , Kleines Michael , Ok Dilara , Kasaj Adrian , Reichert Stefan , Schulz Susanne , Scheithauer Simone 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundHerpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) have been suspected to play a causal role in periodontitis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of these viruses in subgingival plaque samples of Caucasian patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy controls.MethodsA total of 65 patients with aggressive periodontitis and 65 unmatched controls from Germany were investigated in the study. Subgingival plaque samples were analysed for the presence of HSV‐1, EBV and HCMV by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. Viral antibody titres were determined quantitatively by immunosorbent assays.ResultsDNA of HSV‐1 and HCMV were detected in 1.5% of the patients and controls, whereas EBV DNA was present in 10.8% and 13.9% respectively. Detection rates of serum IgG against HSV‐1 (76.1% versus 73.9%), EBV (98.5% versus 96.9%), HCMV (47.7% versus 46.2%) and IgM levels against HSV‐1 (6.2% versus 1.5%), EBV (0% versus 0%), HCMV (0% versus 1.5%) did not significantly differ between patients and controls.ConclusionThe data of our study do not suggest any contribution of HSV‐1, EBV or HCMV to aggressive periodontitis in a German population. Ethnic and methodological aspects might have caused conflicting results of previous studies.
Effects of bleaching agents and Tooth Mousse™ on human enamel hardness
Authors: Alkhtib Asmaa , Manton David J. , Burrow Michael F. , Saber‐Samandari Saeed , Palamara Joseph E.A. , Gross Kārlis A. , Reynolds Eric C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this laboratory study was to investigate the effect of three commercial bleaching agents and Tooth Mousse™ containing 10% w/w casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate on the hardness of tooth enamel.MethodsSixteen human enamel specimens were exposed to one of three commercial bleaching agents with or without subsequent exposure to Tooth Mousse™. Nanoindentation was used to measure the hardness and reduced modulus before and after treatments.ResultsWhen bleaching materials were applied for a short period of time following the manufacturers' instructions, there was an increase in enamel hardness and reduced modulus for some bleaching groups, with no statistically significant difference from the baseline values. After extended bleaching periods a statistically significant decrease in enamel hardness and reduced modulus was found and after applying Tooth Mousse™ post‐bleaching, the hardness and reduced modulus returned to close to baseline values.ConclusionThe application of bleaching agents for an extended period of time significantly decreases enamel hardness and the reduced modulus. The application of Tooth Mousse™ after bleaching was able to reestablish the baseline enamel hardness and reduced modulus, decreasing the adverse effects of bleaching enamel.
Differentiated expression of membrane type metalloproteinases (MMP‐14, MMP‐15) and pro‐MMP2 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. A novel mechanism
Authors: Bodnar Magdalena , Szylberg Lukasz , Kazmierczak Wojciech , Marszalek Andrzej 
Published: September 2012

Cancer progression involves multiple proteolytic interactions, with metalloproteinases (MMPs) performing a crucial role. MMP‐2, a major MMP, plays a key role in the degradation of basement membranes. Mechanisms underlying MMP‐2 activation had to be investigated. Membrane‐type matrix metalloproteinases are not only responsible for the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling, but also involved in the activation of several inactive MMPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of pro‐MMP2, MMP‐14, and MMP‐15 in tumor cells and tumor stroma. Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue sections including laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We found the expression of pro‐MMP2 in 58% of cases, MMP‐14 in 78%, and MMP‐15 in 98% of cases of SCC. In all tumor cases, we revealed a higher expression of pro‐MMP2 in tumor stoma than in tumor cells. The expression of MMP‐14 and MMP‐15 was higher in tumor cells than in the stroma. Moreover, we found a statistically significant difference between the expression of MMP‐14 and MMP‐15 in the tumor in comparison with the surrounding stroma (P < 0.05). An analysis of expression levels of MT‐MMPs by classification trees showed that the probability of metastases was related to decreased expression of MMP‐14 and increased expression of MMP‐15. Our results may suggest that tumor cells with low MMP‐14 expression invade tumor stroma and form metastases. Probably, in such cases, tumor progression is stimulated by MMP‐15 in an MMP‐14 independent pathway, a novel (alternative) mechanism.
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense Causing Soft Rot on Paprika in Korea
Authors: Choi Okhee , Kim Jinwoo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDuring summer 2011 in South Korea, severe fruit rot of paprika was observed, causing severe economic losses in paprika production. Symptoms of fruit and pedicel decay were consistent with symptoms caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (Pcb) as recently described in Brazil, the United States, Israel and South Africa. Physiological analysis and pathogenicity test of strains isolated from paprika fruit revealed that the pathogen was the bacterium Pcb. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA and partial 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region confirmed that the isolates were Pcb. This is the first report of Pcb in Korea, which has a significant economic impact on Korean paprika production.
Effect of parenteral administration of glutamine on autophagy of liver cell and immune responses in weaned calves
Authors: Hu Z. Y. , Su H. W. , Li S. L. , Cao Z. J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to determine the effects of an increased jugular supply of L‐Gln on post‐weaning growth, immune responses, intestinal morphology and autophagy of weaned calves. At 35 days of age, 24 Holstein calves (initial 50 ± 1.5 kg; 35 ± 2 day of age) were randomly allocated to four treatments, and each treatment included five male and one female calves. Holstein calves were assigned to treatments of (i) i.v. infusion of 2 l of 0.85% NaCl, Control group [C]; (ii) i.v. infusion of 8 g/day of L‐Gln mixed with 2 l of 0.85% NaCl solution [L]; (iii) i.v. infusion of 16 g/day of L‐Gln mixed with 2 l of 0.85% NaCl solution [M]; and (iv) i.v. infusion of 32 g/day of L‐Gln mixed with 2 l of 0.85% NaCl [H]; The infusion was 2 h/day for each of 14 consecutive days starting on day 1 after weaning. Feed and water were freely available to all calves. All calves were killed on the 14th day post‐weaning for measurements of autophagy of liver cell and intestinal morphology. Gln has no effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG). Gln infusion increased quadratically the abundance of CD4+, monocyte and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+. The urea N, Gln and Glucose in plasma increased linearly with increasing Gln loads. Gln infusion increased quadratically villus height and crypt depth of intestine. The autophagy level of liver cell was improved with the Gln infusion dose increased.
Impacts of Microcystis on algal biodiversity and use of new technology to remove Microcystis and dissolved nutrients
Authors: Magrann Tracey , Dunbar Stephen G. , Boskovic Danilo S. , Hayes William K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCyanobacteria often dominate eutrophic lakes, outcompeting green algae that are required by fish and zooplankton. This study was undertaken to ascertain the impact of the cyanobacterium, Microcystis, on algal biodiversity. Under laboratory conditions, we found that the presence of Microcystis decreased phyla richness by 58%, phyla evenness by 47%, genera richness by 66% and genera evenness by 51%. Analysis by mixed anovas demonstrated a significant interaction between treatment and time and confirmed a significant reduction in richness and evenness of phyla and genera. We also conducted a phosphate restriction assay on the algae in Mason Lake (Irvine, CA, USA) and found that the threshold needed for algal growth there was 0.02 mg L−1 PO4. A pilot study was then conducted to test the effectiveness of the Blue Pro™ water treatment facility in removal of this colonial organism from Mason Lake, in addition to removal of dissolved nutrients required for its growth. We measured a 97% reduction in Microcystis cells, a 72% reduction in chlorophyll‐a, and a 96% reduction in phosphate after just one 10 min cycle through the unit. Our study demonstrated that removal of Microcystis colonies may allow green algae to increase in numbers. This may improve algal biodiversity, which will benefit zooplankton and fishes.
A case study of water retention and ecosystem functioning restoration in Wenying Lake (China)
Authors: Pan Gang , Zhang Zengguang , Li Liwen , Li Liang , Wang Dan , Matos Maria C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWenying Lake in Datong, China, has been drying for the last several years. Analysis of standard penetration test data revealed that a missing waterproof layer of silt soil and silty clay in the south part of the lake, resulting from frequent flood flushing, was responsible for the water loss from the lake. Accordingly, 6.7 × 105 m2 of geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) was used in May 2010 to repair the area of sediment exhibiting the water leakage, equivalent to 15.6% of the total lake bottom area. Approximately 4.1 × 106 m3 of floodwater was then diverted from upstream rivers to the lake. Eight months later, about 0.9 × 106 m3 of the water was retained, with the water loss being reduced from 4.0 to 1.1 m3 m−2 year−1. Ecologically safe and cost‐effective clay materials also can be used to furthermore improve the water retention characteristics. Modelling results indicated that capping the whole lake with a 2 cm layer of bentonite with a permeability coefficient of 5.0 × 10−9 cm s−1 could reduce the sediment water leakage to 0.04 m3 m−2 year−1. The quality of the retained water after GCL treatment project was poor, with a total nitrogen concentration of 11.0 mg L−1 and sulphate 307.0 mg L−1, which were 5 and 300 times higher, respectively, than the Chinese class V surface water standard. Restoration of aquatic vegetation in the lake and constructed wetlands near the lake inlets could be helpful to improve the lake’s water quality over the long term.
Challenges and strategies in transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression quantification. A comprehensive in silico assessment of RNA‐seq experiments
Authors: Vijay Nagarjun , Poelstra Jelmer W. , Künstner Axel , Wolf Jochen B. W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTranscriptome Shotgun Sequencing (RNA‐seq) has been readily embraced by geneticists and molecular ecologists alike. As with all high‐throughput technologies, it is critical to understand which analytic strategies are best suited and which parameters may bias the interpretation of the data. Here we use a comprehensive simulation approach to explore how various features of the transcriptome (complexity, degree of polymorphism π, alternative splicing), technological processing (sequencing error ε, library normalization) and bioinformatic workflow (de novo vs. mapping assembly, reference genome quality) impact transcriptome quality and inference of differential gene expression (DE). We find that transcriptome assembly and gene expression profiling (EdgeR vs. BaySeq software) works well even in the absence of a reference genome and is robust across a broad range of parameters. We advise against library normalization and in most situations advocate mapping assemblies to an annotated genome of a divergent sister clade, which generally outperformed de novo assembly (Trans‐Abyss, Trinity, Soapdenovo‐Trans). Transcriptome complexity (size, paralogs, alternative splicing isoforms) negatively affected the assembly and DE profiling, whereas the effects of sequencing error and polymorphism were almost negligible. Finally, we highlight the challenge of gene name assignment for de novo assemblies, the importance of mapping strategies and raise awareness of challenges associated with the quality of reference genomes. Overall, our results have significant practical and methodological implications and can provide guidance in the design and analysis of RNA‐seq experiments, particularly for organisms where genomic background information is lacking.