bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transportation system models to analyse ports competition and cooperation
Authors: Russo Francesco , Musolino Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSome global drivers of the shipping market, such as the carriers’ alliance consolidation process and the growing ship sizes have determined critical conditions in standalone ports in the XXI century. The traditional attitude of each port during the XX century was to consider other ports, even if they belong to the same territorial system, as competitors following the postulate of the natural monopoly of access to a territory. However, the necessity to respond to the binding requests of port users and of the ship gigantism brought to different experiences between ports belonging to the same territorial system. New forms of cooperation and competition took place at different levels. The paper presents a theoretical equilibrium model to analyse the competition and/or cooperation scenarios of two, or more, ports belonging to a territorial system. The model is based on the consolidated topological-behavioural paradigm of Transportation System Models (TSMs). The proposed equilibrium model allows to simulate the condition inside a port system, which moves from a competition attitude between ports to a cooperation one, within the same modelling framework. The model could provide to the port authorities, managers, planners and researchers a quantitative tool to understand the competition-cooperation scenarios and to define alternative strategies in relation to the decisions taken by other actors of the market.
Development and evaluation of dexamethasone-loaded bioadhesive polymeric nanocapsules for mitigating cardiac and gastric adverse effects of free dexamethasone
Authors: Abdel-Emam Rania A. , Ali Marwa F. , Hassan Abeer S. , Abd-Ellatief Rasha B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Despite having a wide range of therapeutic advantages, dexamethasone (DEXM)-free formulations have some negative side effects that manifest over time. Polymeric nanocapsules (PNCs) exhibit a core-shell structure that can encapsulate and control the release of drug products. Accordingly, the present study aimed to develop a new nanoparticulate system, PNCs, as drug nanocarriers of DEXM and to exemplify the difference in safety profile regarding the gastropathic and cardiopathic effects of DEXM PNCs versus free DEXM.

Methods
Dexamethasone-loaded alginate nanocapsules were prepared using the nanoprecipitation technique and evaluated for different parameters. In-vivo assessment of the safety profile of the DEXMs (free and PNCs) necessitated three animal groups: vehicle, free DEXM, and DEXM PNCs groups. Treatments with DEXM were administered intraperitoneally, once daily, for 7 days. Stomach and heart samples were investigated for tissue damage. Tissue insults were assessed via macroscopic, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses.

Results
The selected PNCs exhibited a small particle size of 287 ± 7.5 nm, a zeta-potential of -21.06 ± 0.23 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 91.53 ± 0.5%, and a prolonged release profile for up to 48 h as compared with a free drug. Gastric damage indicators showed more serious mucosal damage with free DEXM, hemorrhagic ulcers, and enhanced oxidative stress than the DEXM PNCs. Biomarkers of cardiac damage were significantly elevated with free DEXM and significantly lower in the DEXM PNCs group.

Conclusion
Dexamethasone was successfully encapsulated into polymeric nanocapsules of sodium alginate coating polymer. The developed alginate nanocapsules exhibited desirable parameters and a superior anticipated side effect profile regarding gastric and cardiac damage.
Study on the influence of food emulsion components on its lubrication characteristics and smooth perception
Authors: Qian Shanhua , Wang Liang , Zheng Ziyan , Tang Qichen , Bian Da 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the increasing risk of obesity and cardiovascular diseases caused by high-fat diets, low-fat foods have become a priority demand for consumers’ health. However, the smoothness perception and scientific assessment methods of the existing low-fat foods should be improved. In this study, three food emulsions were prepared, and their lubrication characteristics, sensory evaluation of smoothness, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals were assessed to preliminarily investigate the effects of food emulsion components on their above characteristics. The results showed that fat substitute (FSU) and fat could significantly reduce coefficient of friction (CoF) of the food emulsions, with average CoF reduced by 28% and 63% compared to the original food emulsions. In addition, fat-enriched food emulsions continued to exhibit excellent lubrication characteristics after adding artificial saliva, with an average CoF reduced by 31.1% compared to that of the food emulsions without artificial saliva. Both FSU and fat improved the smoothness of food emulsions, and the lubricating properties of fat were more pronounced, with fat-enriched food emulsion which could provide a substantial improvement in smoothness compared to the fat-free food emulsion. Comparison of subjects’ EEG signals revealed that food emulsion with lower CoF and higher smoothness triggered higher P3 amplitudes and longer latencies. These findings provide better insights into the scientific evaluation of food texture and the development of low-fat foods.
Cycles of length 3 and 4 in edge-colored complete graphs with restrictions in the color transitions
Authors: Galeana-Sánchez Hortensia , Hernández-Lorenzana Felipe , Sánchez-López Rocío 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet G be a graph and H a graph possibly with loops. We will say that a graph G is an H-colored graph if and only if there exists a function $$c:E(G)\longrightarrow V(H)$$

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. A cycle $$(v_1,\ldots ,v_k,v_1)$$

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is an H-cycle if and only if $$(c(v_1 v_2),\ldots ,c(v_{k-1}v_k),$$

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is a walk in H. Whenever H is a complete graph without loops, an H-cycle is a properly colored cycle. In this paper, we work with an H-colored complete graph, namely G, with local restrictions given by an auxiliary graph, and we show sufficient conditions implying that every vertex in V(G) is contained in an H-cycle of length 3 (respectively 4). As a consequence, we obtain some well-known results in the theory of properly colored walks.
Assessing the hazard of diesel particulate matter (DPM) in the mining industry: A review of the current state of knowledge
Authors: Azam Sikandar , Liu Shimin , Bhattacharyya Sekhar , Zheng Siyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the confined spaces of underground mines, the exposure of over 10,000 miners in the U.S. to diesel exhaust and diesel particulate matter (DPM) is an occupational inevitability, particularly in metal and nonmetal mineral extraction. These workers routinely operate amidst diesel-powered equipment, often outdated and highly polluting, extracting resources such as limestone, gold, and salt. The acute health effects of such exposure are significant, leading to symptoms like headaches and flu-like conditions, with the impact being more pronounced in these closed work environments. This review scrutinizes DPM’s hazard in the mining sector, consolidating the extant knowledge and exploring ongoing research. It encapsulates our understanding of DPM’s physicochemical properties, existing sampling methods, health ramifications, and mitigation technologies. Moreover, it underscores the necessity for further study in areas such as the evolution of DPM’s physicochemical attributes, from its genesis at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions within diesel engines to its emission into the mine atmosphere. A key research gap is the intricate interaction of DPM with specific characteristics of the mine environment—such as relative humidity, ambient temperature, the presence of other mineral dust, and the dynamics of ventilation air. These factors can significantly alter the physicochemical profile of DPM, influencing both its in-mine transport and its deposition behavior. Consequently, this can affect the respiratory health of miners, modifying the toxicity and the respiratory deposition of DPM particles. Identified research imperatives include (1) the advancement of instrumentation for accurate number measurement of DPM to replace or supplement traditional gravimetric methods; (2) the development of long-lasting, cost-effective control technologies tailored for the mining industry; (3) an in-depth investigation of DPM interactions within the unique mine microclimate, considering the critical components like humidity and other aerosols; and (4) understanding the differential impact of DPM in mining compared to other industries, informing the creation of mining-specific health and safety protocols. This review’s findings underscore the urgency to enhance emission control and exposure prevention strategies, paving the way for a healthier underground mining work environment.
Approach-Avoidance Training: Exploring the Role of Action Identification Processes
Authors: Eder Andreas B. , Krishna Anand 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApproach-Avoidance Training (AAT) aims to modify evaluations and behaviors towards specific stimuli through repetitive engagement in approach and avoidance behaviors. The current research investigates whether training conditions that promote action identification at the level of approach-avoidance movements, rather than at the level of behavioral actions effecting these movements, are more effective in changing evaluative reactions towards fictitious social groups. In two experiments (total N = 411), participants directed a computerized manikin, symbolizing the self, towards one group and away from another. Following the training, participants liked the approached group more than the avoided group in both explicit and indirect attitude measures. These changes in liking were not influenced by training conditions that enabled consistent key presses throughout the task (facilitating action identification at the motoric level) and those that necessitated alternating key presses (promoting action identification at the approach-avoidance level). Furthermore, changes in liking were unrelated to changes in AA-related response tendencies as assessed with a separate response task. It is concluded that the manikin task utilized for AAT is robust against task variants that facilitate action identification at the motor level, especially when the training instructions are clear about which stimuli should be approached and avoided. Insights for the practical application of AAT are discussed.
Exploring Impediments to Human Flourishing Across the Lifespan in Six African Countries
Authors: Ngyah-Etchutambe Ijang Bih , Mengstie Missaye Mulatie , Njungwa Martina Zinkeng , Wadende Pamela 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman flourishing (HF) is fundamental in fostering development in every sector of human communities throughout the world. Understanding the concept of human flourishing is essential in identifying and limiting practices that may impede human’s tendency to flourish. Most research on HF have been focused on the minority world and devoted to factors that foster it with minimal regard for the impediments and perspectives from the majority world. Based on this, the study aims to explore the impediments to human flourishing across the lifespan in Africa. Specifically, it examines factors that impede human flourishing in three age groups (children, adolescents, and adults). Empirical data were collected qualitatively through focus group discussion sessions and expert interviews with children, adolescents, and adults from communities in 6 African countries (Marachi, Eteso and Turkana of Kenya, the Sukuma of Tanzania, the Bantu and Nilo Hamites of Uganda, the Amhara of Ethopia, the Nso and Nweh of Cameroon and the Akan of Ghana). After the thematic analysis, the findings revealed that; inevitable factors like death and other issues that can be improved on like poverty, conflict, selfishness, immoral behavior and ill health impede human flourishing across the life span. However, other impediments identified were age specific. Marriage challenges impeded flourishing among adult folks while lack of sufficient play time impeded children’s flourishing. An intervention on coping strategies to deal with inevitable impeding factors to human flourishing like death and strategies to improve on all the other manageable impediments is vital for the enhancement of flourishing in Africa.
Mind-reading in AI and neurotechnology: evaluating claims, hype, and ethical implications for neurorights
Authors: Gilbert Frederic , Russo Ingrid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper examines claims that the convergence of AI and neurotechnology applications, known as brain-reading, enables the reading of human minds. The purpose of this examination is to investigate whether the use of the terms “brain-reading” and “mind-reading” to convey current neurotechnological findings carries evidence of hype. We conducted an interpretive content analysis of 1017 academic articles to gain insights into the current state of the art and examine assertions made by academics. Our analysis revealed that up to 91% of the examined articles suggest the possibility of mind-reading through brain-reading. Ethical issues discussed frequently include mental privacy, mental freedom, and personhood. Our study highlights the imprecise and inconsistent usage of the term mind-reading in scientific discourse, which leads to exaggerated claims about AI and BCIs having already achieved capacities beyond their current capabilities—or even reaching capacities that may never be feasible. While our study provides evidence of AI and BCI hype concerning alleged mind-reading capabilities, it also uncovers a hype in AI ethics, specifically pertaining to neurorights. This involves hypothetical scenarios where the fictional prospect of AI-enabled mind-reading calls for the establishment of new protective human rights.
Experiences and lessons learned from a global research administration capacity building project to support and expand HIV/AIDS research in southwestern Uganda
Authors: Bajunirwe Francis , Armstrong Lauren B. , Karuhanga Jacqueline , Mbabazi Margaret , Muhindo Ezrah , Steen Amber , Olmsted Elizabeth W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInternational collaborative research projects conducted at academic research institutions, including complex basic science, clinical, and translational HIV/AIDS research, require intensive communication, coordination, and thoughtful relationship-building at all institutional levels and especially require the support of experienced and well-trained Research Administrators. To be successful, global research teams must be not only scientifically adept, but supported by a staff skilled in identifying opportunities, submitting proposals, and managing all aspects of award administration and reporting. Using a National Institutes of Health, Fogarty International Center funded training grant, the project team aimed to develop a comprehensive Research administration capacity-building program that would improve the support provided to investigators at Mbarara University of Science and Technology in Uganda through collaboration with the University of Virginia in the United States and expand future funding success for innovative HIV/AIDS and HIV-related research. The experiences and achievements of conducting a comprehensive, primarily remote training program are documented for other global partnerships to highlight successes and uncover opportunities to ensure sustainability. Despite the hurdles of the COVID-19 pandemic, this program was able to succeed through a long-term relationship of mutual respect between the two institutions. Project success was achieved by the team’s unwavering commitment to collectively explore and implement various methods to achieve its goals.
Clinical outcomes of patients with in-hospital witnessed cardiac arrest: effect of co-morbidities
Authors: Nassar Yasser , Fathy Sozan , Sabri Sherif , Gaber Ayman , Mokhtar Sherif 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is frequently performed in hospitalized patients after in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA), especially in the intensive care unit (ICU) (J Crit Care 24:408-414, 2009). Despite the fact that nearly half of the in-hospital cardiac arrests (IHCA) actually happen in intensive care units (ICUs) (N Engl J Med 367:1912-1920, 2012), intensive care unit cardiac arrest (ICU-CA) compared to IHCA or out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) has received little attention, and data on ICU-CA remains scanty (Intensive Care Med 40:1853-1916, 2014).

Aim
We aimed to evaluate the clinical status and factors associated with the survival of patients subjected to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after a witnessed cardiac arrest (CA) inside the medical intensive care unit (MICU).

Patients
The study included 110 patients, mean age of 60 ± 18 years, 69 (63%) males, and 41 (37%) females. Co-morbidities included diabetes mellitus was present in 46 (42%), hypertension 57 (52%), central nervous system (CNS) disease 31 (29%), cardiovascular (CVS) 76 (69%), respiratory 63 (57%), hepatic 16 (15%), shock 35 (32%), and renal 44 (40%). Mechanical ventilation was present in 97 (88%) of patients. SOFA score < 9 was present in 38%, MPM III score < 10 in 37%, and GCS > 7 in 66% of patients. Non-shockable rhythm occurred in 95 (86%) while shockable rhythm in 15 (14%) of patients.

Methods
Data were collected prospectively at the medical ICU of Cairo University from Jan. 2013 to Feb 2013. A resuscitation protocol was done according to the latest recommendation of the European Society of Cardiology at the time of patient inclusion. Clinical data were recorded and surviving patients were clinically followed daily until hospital discharge.

Results
Out of 110 witnessed cardiac arrests, CPR was initially successfully manifested by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in 60 patients (55%), of whom 22 (20%) survived hospital discharge and only 9 patients (8%) were functionally independent. Compared to non-survivors, 60 patients (55%) with ROSC had a MPM III < 10 (p 0.015), EF ≥ 50% (p 0.001), and non-shocked patients (p 0.008). Other factors such as DC shocks < 3 (p 0.02), CPR cycles < 2 (p < 0.001), resuscitation duration < 10 min (p 0.03), time to start CPR < 1 min (p 0.001), maintained HCO3 (p 0.03), and PaCO2 (p 0.002) were found to improve ROSC. Mortality before discharge decreased with asystole (p < 0.01). Mortality before discharge increased with CNS (p < 0.02) and respiratory comorbidities (p 0.02), shock (p < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (p < 0.0001), SOFA > 9 (p 0.001), MPM III > 10 (0.018), and time to start CPR > 1 min (p 0.001).

Conclusion
Not all ROSC reached long-term survival and hospital discharge. Several co-morbidities affect ROSC and short-term and long-term patient survival after witnessed MICU cardiac arrest.
Roofing Highways With Solar Panels Substantially Reduces Carbon Emissions and Traffic Losses
Authors: Jiang Hou , Lu Ning , Qin Jun , Yao Ling , Lian Xu , He Jijiang , Liu Tang , Zhou Chenghu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) installations are a leading technology for generating green electricity and reducing carbon emissions. Roofing highways with solar panels offers a new opportunity for PV development, but its potential of global deployment and associated socio‐economic impacts have not been investigated. Here, we combine solar PV output modeling with the global highway distribution and levelized cost of electricity to estimate the potential and economic feasibility of deploying highway PV systems worldwide. We also quantify its co‐benefits of reducing CO2 equivalent emissions and traffic losses (road traffic deaths and socio‐economic burdens). Our analysis reveals a potential for generating 17.58 PWh yr−1 of electricity, of which nearly 56% can be realized at a cost below US$100 MWh−1. Achieving the full highway PV potential could offset 28.78% (28.21%–29.1%) of the global total carbon emissions in 2018, prevent approximately 0.15 million road traffic deaths, and reduce US$0.43 ± 0.16 trillion socio‐economic burdens per year. Highway PV projects could bring a net return of about US$14.42 ± 4.04 trillion over a 25‐year lifetime. To exploit the full potential of highway PV, countries with various income levels must strengthen cooperation and balance the multiple socio‐economic co‐benefits.
Chromatic Acclimating Synechococcus Dominate in Mesoscale Eddies
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Yingdong , Xu Zhimeng , Chen Jiawei , Cheung Shunyan , Jing Hongmei , Xu Jie , Liu Hongbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMesoscale eddies are found almost everywhere in global ocean. They can last for weeks to months with scales up to over 100 km and play important roles in global biogeochemical cycles. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic and pigment type composition of Synechococcus in a cyclonic eddy (CE, cold eddy) and an anticyclonic eddy (ACE, warm eddy) located in western South China Sea in summer, 2018. Nutrients pumping enhanced Synechococcus abundance markedly in the upper euphotic layers of CE. High diversity of both phylogenetic clades and pigment types of Synechococcus were discovered in the sampling area, with clear composition difference between CE and ACE. The chromatic acclimating pigment type (PT) 3dA dominated in CE while PT 3dB dominated in ACE. The potential weak chromatic acclimator PT 3eA contributed a significant proportion in both CE and ACE. To better understand the difference of PT composition in CE and ACE, we further investigated the phylogenetic composition of Synechococcus in CE and ACE. Clade CRD 1, which were the main strains in upwelling regions, were dominant in CE, where cooler and nutrient rich subsurface water was pumped to the upper layers. Warm water adapted clade II and clade III dominated in ACE. Our study, for the first time, indicated that chromatic acclimation was important in shaping the vertical profile of Synechococcus community in mesoscale eddies of the subtropical oceans.