bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Spatial Distribution of Salmonella Infections in the Pennsylvania Raccoon (Procyon lotor)
Authors: Very K. J. , Kirchner M. K. , Shariat N. , Cottrell W. , Sandt C. H. , Dudley E. G. , Kariyawasam S. , Jayarao B. M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA study was conducted to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of Salmonella infection in Pennsylvania raccoons (Procyon lotor), common wildlife mammals known to occupy overlapping habitats with humans and domestic food animals. The Pennsylvania Game Commission provided a total of 371 raccoon intestinal samples from trapped and road‐killed raccoons collected between May and November 2011. Salmonella was isolated from the faeces of 56 (15.1%) of 371 raccoons in 35 (54%) of 65 counties across Pennsylvania. The five most frequently isolated serotypes were Newport (28.6%), Enteritidis (19.6%), Typhimurium (10.7%), Braenderup (8.9%) and Bareilly (7.1%). Pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the Salmonella isolates and subsequent comparison to the Pennsylvania Department of Health human Salmonella PFGE database revealed 16 different pulsetypes in Salmonella isolates recovered from raccoons that were indistinguishable from pulsetypes of Salmonella collected from clinically ill humans during the study period. The pulsetypes of seven raccoon Salmonella isolates matched those of 56 human Salmonella isolates by month and geographical region of sample collection. Results from Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and Multi‐Virulence Locus Sequence Typing (CRISPR‐MVLST) analysis corroborated the PFGE and serotyping data. The findings of this study show that several PFGE pulsetypes of Salmonella were shared between humans and raccoons in Pennsylvania, indicating that raccoons and humans might share the same source of Salmonella.
Complete Genome Sequence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus KOR/KNIH/002_05_2015, Isolated in South Korea
Authors: Kim You-Jin , Cho Yong-Joon , Kim Dae-Won , Yang Jeong-Sun , Kim Hak , Park SungHan , Han Young Woo , Yun Mi-ran , Lee Han Saem , Kim A-Reum , Heo Deok Rim , Kim Joo Ae , Kim Su Jin , Jung Hee-Dong , Kim Namil , Yoon Seok-Hwan , Nam Jeong-Gu , Kang Hae Ji , Cheong Hyang-Min , Lee Joo-Shil , Chun Jongsik , Kim Sung Soon 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
The full genome sequence of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified from cultured and isolated in Vero cells. The viral genome sequence has high similarity to 53 human MERS-CoVs, ranging from 99.5% to 99.8% at the nucleotide level.
Complete Genome Sequence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from the First Imported MERS-CoV Case in China
Authors: Lu Roujian , Wang Yanqun , Wang Wenling , Nie Kai , Zhao Yanjie , Su Juan , Deng Yao , Zhou Weimin , Li Yang , Wang Huijuan , Wang Wen , Ke Changwen , Ma Xuejun , Wu Guizhen , Tan Wenjie 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
On 26 May 2015, an imported Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in Guangdong Province, China, and found to be closely related to the MERS-CoV strain prevalent in South Korea. The full genome of the ChinaGD01 strain was sequenced and analyzed to investigate the epidemiology and evolution of MERS-CoV circulating in South Korea and China.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Picocyanobacterium
Synechococcus
sp. Strain GFB01, Isolated from a Freshwater Lagoon in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Guimarães Pedro Ivo , Leão Tiago Ferreira , de Melo Aline Grasielle Costa , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá , Silva Artur , Fiore Marli Fatima , Schneider Maria Paula Cruz 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

We present the draft genome of the cyanobacterium strain
Synechococcus
sp. GFB01, the first genome sequencing of this genus isolated from South America. This draft genome consists of 125 contigs with a total size of 2,339,812 bp. Automatic annotation identified several genes involved with heavy metal resistance and natural transformation.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Variant Tottori2/JPN/2014
Authors: Murakami Satoshi , Miyazaki Ayako , Takahashi Osamu , Hashizume Wataru , Hase Yoichi , Ohashi Seiichi , Suzuki Tohru 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a cause of diarrhea outbreaks at swine farms, causing vomiting, severe diarrhea, and mortality in piglets. We sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of recently isolated strains. Tottori2/JPN/2014, one of the sequenced PEDV strains, had a unique large deletion in the S gene.
Complete Genome Sequences of Low-Passage Virulent and High-Passage Avirulent Variants of Pathogenic Leptospira interrogans Serovar Manilae Strain UP-MMC-NIID, Originally Isolated from a Patient with Severe Leptospirosis, Determined Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Technology
Authors: Satou Kazuhito , Shimoji Makiko , Tamotsu Hinako , Juan Ayaka , Ashimine Noriko , Shinzato Misuzu , Toma Claudia , Nohara Toshitsugu , Shiroma Akino , Nakano Kazuma , Teruya Kuniko , Terabayashi Yasunobu , Ohki Shun , Koizumi Nobuo , Okano Shou , Suzuki Toshihiko , Hirano Takashi 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of low-passage virulent and high-passage avirulent variants of pathogenic
Leptospira interrogans
serovar Manilae strain UP-MMC-NIID, a major causative agent of leptospirosis. While there were no major differences between the genome sequences, the levels of base modifications were higher in the avirulent variant.
Draft Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Strain GK1, a Hydrocarbon-Degrading Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizospheric Bacterium
Authors: Gkorezis Panagiotis , Bottos Eric M. , Van Hamme Jonathan D. , Franzetti Andrea , Abbamondi Gennaro Roberto , Balseiro-Romero Maria , Weyens Nele , Rineau Francois , Vangronsveld Jaco 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The 3.94-Mb draft genome of
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
GK1, a hydrocarbonoclastic plant growth-promoting Gram-negative rhizospheric bacterium, is presented here. Isolated at the Ford Motor Company site in Genk, Belgium, from poplar trees planted on a diesel-contaminated plume, GK1 is useful for enhancing hydrocarbon phytoremediation.
Draft Genome Sequences of Leptospira santarosai Strains U160, U164, and U233, Isolated from Asymptomatic Cattle
Authors: Kremer Frederico S. , Eslabão Marcus R. , Provisor Monize , Woloski Rafael D. S. , Ramires Osmar V. , Moreno Luisa Z. , Moreno Andrea M. , Hamond Camila , Lilenbaum Walter , Dellagostin Odir A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

In the present work, we announce the draft genomes for three new strains (U160, U164, and U233) of
Leptospira santarosai
, isolated from urine samples from asymptomatic cattle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Prescription contraception use: a cross-sectional population study of psychosocial determinants
Authors: Molloy Gerard J , Sweeney Leigh-Ann , Byrne Molly , Hughes Carmel M , Ingham Roger , Morgan Karen , Murphy Andrew W 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveMany forms of contraception are available on prescription only for example, the oral contraceptive pill (OCP) and long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs). In this analysis we aim to identify key determinants of prescription contraceptive use.DesignCross-sectional population survey. Data on sociodemographic indices, concerns about the OCP and perceived barriers to access were collected.SettingData set constructed from a representative population-based telephone survey of community dwelling adults in the Republic of Ireland (RoI)Participants1515 women aged between 18 and 45 yearsMain outcome measureSelf-reported user of the OCP or LARCs (intrauterine contraception, contraceptive injections or subdermal contraceptive implants) in the previous 12 months.ResultsFor at least some of the previous year, 35% had used the OCP and 14% had used LARCs, while 3% had used two or more of these methods. OCP users were significantly younger, more likely to be unmarried and had higher income than non-users. Overall, 68% agreed with the statement ‘that taking a break from long-term use of the contraceptive pill is a good idea’ and 37% agreed with the statement that ‘the OCP has dangerous side effects’ and this was the strongest predictor variable of non-use of the OCP. Intrauterine contraception users were significantly older, more likely to be married and had lower income than non-users. Injections or subdermal contraceptive implant users were significantly younger, less likely to be married, had lower income and were less likely to agree that taking a break from long-term use of the pill is a good idea than non-users.ConclusionsPrescription contraceptive use is sociodemographically patterned, with LARCs in particular being associated with lower incomes in the RoI. Concerns about the safety of the OCP remain prevalent and are important and modifiable determinants of contraceptive-related behaviour.
Workplace health and safety issues among community nurses: a study regarding the impact on providing care to rural consumers
Authors: Terry Daniel , Lê Quynh , Nguyen Uyen , Hoang Ha 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to investigate the types of workplace health and safety issues rural community nurses encounter and the impact these issues have on providing care to rural consumers.MethodsThe study undertook a narrative inquiry underpinned by a phenomenological approach. Community nursing staff who worked exclusively in rural areas and employed in a permanent capacity were contacted among 13 of the 16 consenting healthcare services. All community nurses who expressed a desire to participate were interviewed. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 15 community nurses in rural and remote communities. Thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data.ResultsThe role, function and structures of community nursing services varied greatly from site to site and were developed and centred on meeting the needs of individual communities. In addition, a number of workplace health and safety challenges were identified and were centred on the geographical, physical and organisational environment that community nurses work across. The workplace health and safety challenges within these environments included driving large distances between client’s homes and their office which lead to working in isolation for long periods and without adequate communication. In addition, other issues included encountering, managing and developing strategies to deal with poor client and carer behaviour; working within and negotiating working environments such as the poor condition of patient homes and clients smoking; navigating animals in the workplace; vertical and horizontal violence; and issues around workload, burnout and work-related stress.ConclusionsMany nurses achieved good outcomes to meet the needs of rural community health consumers. Managers were vital to ensure that service objectives were met. Despite the positive outcomes, many processes were considered unsafe by community nurses. It was identified that greater training and capacity building are required to meet the needs among all staff.
Antiepileptic drugs and the risk of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Renoux Christel , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Saarela Olli , Filion Kristian B , Boivin Jean-François 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesHepatic enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) increase serum lipid levels and other atherogenic markers via the induction of cytochrome P450 and may therefore increase the risk of vascular events. We sought to assess the risk of ischaemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI) according to AED enzymatic properties.DesignPopulation-based cohort study with nested case–control analysis.Setting650 general practices in the UK contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.ParticipantsA cohort of 252 407 incident AED users aged 18 or older between January 1990 and April 2013. For each case of ischaemic stroke or MI, up to 10 controls were randomly selected among the cohort members in the risk sets defined by the case and matched on age, sex, indication for AED, calendar time and duration of follow-up.InterventionsCurrent use of enzyme-inducing and enzyme-inhibiting AEDs compared with non-inducing AEDs.Primary outcome measuresIncidence rate ratios (RRs) of ischaemic stroke and MI.Results5069 strokes and 3636 MIs were identified during follow-up. Inducing AEDs use was associated with a small increased risk of ischaemic stroke (RR=1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.33) relative to non-inducing AEDs, most likely due to residual confounding. However, current use of inducing AEDs for ≥24 months was associated with a 46% increased risk of MI (RR=1.46, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.85) compared with the same duration of non-inducing AED, corresponding to a risk difference of 1.39/1000 (95% CI 0.33 to 2.45) persons per year. Current use of inhibiting AED was associated with a decreased risk of MI (RR=0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00).ConclusionsThe use of enzyme-inducing AEDs was not associated with an increased risk of ischaemic stroke; a small increase of MI with prolonged use was observed. In contrast, use of inhibiting AEDs was associated with a decreased risk of MI.
Systemic exposure to menthol following administration of peppermint oil to paediatric patients
Authors: Kearns Gregory L , Chumpitazi Bruno Pedro , Abdel-Rahman Susan M , Garg Uttam , Shulman Robert J 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivePeppermint oil (PMO) has been used to treat abdominal ailments dating to ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. Despite its increasing paediatric use, as in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) treatment, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of menthol in children given PMO has not been explored.Design and settingSingle-site, exploratory pilot study of menthol PK following a single 187 mg dose of PMO. Subjects with paediatric Rome II defined (IBS; n=6, male and female, 7–15 years of age) were enrolled. Blood samples were obtained before PMO administration and at 10 discrete time points over a 12 h postdose period. Menthol was quantitated from plasma using a validated gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique. Menthol PK parameters were determined using a standard non-compartmental approach.ResultsFollowing a dose of PMO, a substantial lag time (range 1–4 h) was seen in all subjects for the appearance of menthol which in turn, produced a delayed time of peak (Tmax=5.3±2.4 h) plasma concentration (Cmax=698.2±245.4 ng/mL). Tmax and Tlag were significantly more variable than the two exposure parameters; Cmax, mean residence time and total area under the curve (AUC=4039.7±583.8 ng/mL×h) which had a coefficient of variation of <20%.ConclusionsDelayed appearance of menthol in plasma after oral PMO administration in children is likely a formulation-specific event which, in IBS, could increase intestinal residence time of the active ingredient. Our data also demonstrate the feasibility of using menthol PK in children with IBS to support definitive studies of PMO dose–effect relationships.
Unintentional fall-related mortality in the elderly: comparing patterns in two countries with different demographic structure
Authors: Majdan Marek , Mauritz Walter 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesFalls are among the major external causes of unintentional injury and injury-related mortality in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare the patterns of unintentional fall-related mortalities in two countries with different demographic structure: Slovakia and Austria in 2003–2010.MethodsA study was conducted using death certificate data, trends of fall-related mortality in the elderly (over 65 years) in Austria and Slovakia were compared. Crude and age-standardised mortality rates were calculated. Rate ratios were used to quantify differences based on age, sex and country. The role of demographic structure and population ageing was considered.ResultsThe annual average crude mortality for Slovakia was 28.82, for Austria 54.19 per 100 000 person-years. Increasing rates were observed towards higher age in both countries. Males had higher mortality than females (1.18 times higher in Austria, 2.4 higher in Slovakia). In ages over 75 years rates were significantly higher in Austria, compared to Slovakia. Injuries to head (in males) and hip (in females) were most commonly the underlying cause of death. The proportion of populations over 65 and over 80 and rate of their increase were higher in Austria than in Slovakia.ConclusionsWe conclude that higher proportions of the elderly population of Austria could have contributed to the higher fall-related mortality rates compared to Slovakia, especially in females over 80 years. Our study quantified the differences between two countries with different structure of the elderly population and these findings could be used in planning future needs of health and social services and to plan prevention in countries where a rapid increase in age of the population can be foreseen.
Should HFE p.C282Y homozygotes with moderately elevated serum ferritin be treated? A randomised controlled trial comparing iron reduction with sham treatment (Mi-iron)
Authors: Ong Sim Yee , Dolling Lara , Dixon Jeannette L , Nicoll Amanda J , Gurrin Lyle C , Wolthuizen Michelle , Wood Erica M , Anderson Greg J , Ramm Grant A , Allen Katrina J , Olynyk John K , Crawford Darrell , Kava Jennifer , Ramm Louise E , Gow Paul , Durrant Simon , Powell Lawrie W , Delatycki Martin B 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionHFE p.C282Y homozygosity is the most common cause of hereditary haemochromatosis. There is currently insufficient evidence to assess whether non-specific symptoms or hepatic injury in homozygotes with moderately elevated iron defined as a serum ferritin (SF) of 300–1000 µg/L are related to iron overload. As such the evidence for intervention in this group is lacking. We present here methods for a study that aims to evaluate whether non-specific symptoms and hepatic fibrosis markers improve with short-term normalisation of SF in p.C282Y homozygotes with moderate elevation of SF.Methods and analysisMi-iron is a prospective, multicentre, randomised patient-blinded trial conducted in three centres in Victoria and Queensland, Australia. Participants who are HFE p.C282Y homozygotes with SF levels between 300 and 1000 μg/L are recruited and randomised to either the treatment group or to the sham treatment group. Those in the treatment group have normalisation of SF by 3-weekly erythrocytapheresis while those in the sham treatment group have 3-weekly plasmapheresis and thus do not have normalisation of SF. Patients are blinded to all procedures. All outcome measures are administered prior to and following the course of treatment/sham treatment. Patient reported outcome measures are the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS-primary outcome), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form V.2 (SF36v2) and Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 short form (AIMS2-SF). Liver injury and hepatic fibrosis are assessed with transient elastography (TE), Fibrometer and Hepascore, while oxidative stress is assessed by measurement of urine and serum F2-isoprostanes.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committees of Austin Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital and Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. Study findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registrationTrial identifier:NCT01631708; Registry: ClinicalTrials.gov
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation after heart valve surgery: cost analysis of healthcare use and sick leave
Authors: Hansen T B , Zwisler A D , Berg S K , Sibilitz K L , Thygesen L C , Doherty P , Søgaard R 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundOwing to a lack of evidence, patients undergoing heart valve surgery have been offered exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) since 2009 based on recommendations for patients with ischaemic heart disease in Denmark. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CR on the costs of healthcare use and sick leave among heart valve surgery patients over 12 months post surgery.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide survey on the CR participation of all patients having undergone valve surgery between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2011 (n=667). Among the responders (n=500, 75%), the resource use categories of primary and secondary healthcare, prescription medication and sick leave were analysed for CR participants (n=277) and non-participants (n=223) over 12 months. A difference-in-difference analysis was undertaken. All estimates were presented as the means per patient (95% CI) based on non-parametric bootstrapping of SEs.ResultsTotal costs during the 12 months following surgery were €16 065 per patient (95% CI 13 730 to 18 399) in the CR group and €15 182 (12 695 to 17 670) in the non-CR group. CR led to 5.6 (2.9 to 8.3, p<0.01) more outpatient visits per patient. No statistically significant differences in other cost categories or total costs €1330 (−4427 to 7086, p=0.65) were found between the groups.ConclusionsCR, as provided in Denmark, can be considered cost neutral. CR is associated with more outpatient visits, but CR participation potentially offsets more expensive outpatient visits. Further studies should investigate the benefits of CR to heart valve surgery patients as part of a formal cost-utility analysis.
Delayed-release prednisone improves fatigue and health-related quality of life: findings from the CAPRA-2 double-blind randomised study in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alten Rieke , Grahn Amy , Holt Robert J , Rice Patricia , Buttgereit Frank 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesLike morning stiffness, fatigue is a common, debilitating symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Delayed-release (DR) prednisone is designed for evening administration (approximately 22:00) and releases 4 h later to coincide with the rise of nocturnal inflammatory cytokines associated with development of morning stiffness. The impact of DR prednisone on fatigue and other related patient-reported outcomes was analysed with data obtained from the Circadian Administration of Prednisone in Rheumatoid Arthritis (CAPRA) 2 study.MethodsPatients with symptomatic RA (n=350) despite treatment with a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) were randomised 2:1 to receive additional therapy with DR prednisone 5 mg or placebo once daily for 12 weeks. Fatigue was assessed using validated instruments: the fatigue scale of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) and the vitality domain of the Short Form-36 (SF-36). General quality of life was assessed using the general score and individual domains of Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) and SF-36.ResultsThe change from baseline to week 12 in FACIT-F score was statistically significantly different with DR prednisone/DMARD (3.8) versus placebo/DMARD (1.6; difference 2.2, p=0.0032). Improvement in FACIT-F score correlated positively with clinical response. Compared with placebo/DMARD, DR prednisone/DMARD showed a significantly greater improvement in SF-36 vitality score (5.6, p=0.001), physical component of SF-36 (2.3, p=0.0003) and general score with FACT-G (2.6, p=0.0233).ConclusionsDR prednisone in addition to a DMARD significantly improves fatigue and other aspects of health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic RA compared with DMARD treatment alone.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.govNCT00650078.