bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Emm in a pregnant patient – case report
Authors: Wagner M. M. , van Dunné F. M. , Kuipers I. , Thornton N. , Folman C. C. , Ponjee G. A. , Oepkes D. 
Published: October 2013

A 23‐year‐old primigravida of North African origin presented with a positive antibody screen at booking at 15 weeks of gestation. An antibody to a high‐frequency antigen (HFA) of unknown identity was detected, which was reactive with the red blood cells of the father. This led to several challenges including antibody identification, clinical monitoring to detect signs of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) and compatible blood in case perinatal transfusion was needed. Anti‐Emm was identified 2 months post‐partum. This is the first published case which describes a pregnant patient with anti‐Emm.
A Divergent Variant of the Eleventh Human Polyomavirus Species, Saint Louis Polyomavirus
Authors: Pastrana Diana V. , FitzGerald Peter C. , Phan Giao Q. , Raiji Manish T. , Murphy Philip M. , McDermott David H. , Velez Daniel , Bliskovsky Valery , McBride Alison A. , Buck Christopher B. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Saint Louis polyomavirus (STLPyV) was recently discovered in human feces. Using random-primed rolling circle amplification combined with deep sequencing, we have found a divergent variant of STLPyV in a sanitized human skin wart specimen. The result strongly suggests that STLPyV directly infects humans and is not simply a dietary contaminant.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Novel
Peptoniphilus
sp. Strain ChDC B134, Isolated from a Human Periapical Abscess Lesion
Authors: Cho Eugene , Park Soon-Nang , Kim Hak Kyun , Kim Dae-Soo , Jung Jaeeun , Baek Jeong-Hun , Lim Yun Kyong , Jo Eojin , Choi Mi-Hwa , Chang Young-Hyo , Shin Yeseul , Paek Jayoung , Shin Jeong Hwan , Kim Jihun , Choi Sang-Haeng , Park Hong-Seog , Kim Hongik , Kook Joong-Ki 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

The genus
Peptoniphilus
comprises butyrate-producing, nonsaccharolytic species that use peptone and amino acids as major energy sources. The novel
Peptoniphilus
sp. strain ChDC B134 (=KCOM 1628) was isolated from a human periapical abscess lesion. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the strain.
Reduced‐size microchips for identification of horses: response to implantation and readability during a six‐month period
Authors: Wulf M. , Aurich C. , von Lewinski M. , Möstl E. , Aurich J. E. 
Published: October 2013

In this study, readability of reduced‐size microchips in horses and the response to implantation were analysed. It was hypothesised that small microchips can be implanted stress‐free but are less readable than larger microchips. Adult mares (n=40) were implanted with a reduced‐size microchip (10.9×1.6 mm) at the left side of the neck (size of conventional microchips 11.4×2.2 mm). Microchips were identified with three different scanners (A, B, C) immediately, and at 6, 12 and 28 weeks after implantation. Twelve out of the 40 mares were submitted to microchip implantation and control treatments and cortisol, heart rate and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined. From the chip‐bearing side of the neck, microchips were identified with all scanners in all horses at all times. From the contralateral side, correct readings were always 100 per cent with scanner C and with scanners A and B ranged between 60 and 100 per cent. Heart rate and HRV variable sd of beat‐to‐beat interval increased slightly (P<0.01) at microchip implantation and control treatment, but cortisol concentration did not increase. In conclusion, reduced‐size microchips are highly reliable for identification of horses. Compared with conventional microchips, the reduction in size did not impair readability. Microchip implantation is no pronounced stressor for horses.
Different volumes of injectate using electrostimulator and blinded techniques for brachial plexus block in dogs
Authors: Riccó C. , Shih A. , Killos M. , Henao‐Guerrero N. , Graham L. 
Published: October 2013

To compare different volumes of injectate using electrostimulator (ES)‐guided and blind brachial plexus blockade (BPB) techniques in dogs. Prospective, randomised, blinded study. Fifty‐eight healthy adult purpose‐bred beagle dogs. Animals were randomised into 4 groups based on the volume of methylene blue 0.1 per cent administered for BPB, three using ES technique: E1 (0.2 ml/kg, n=22), E2 (0.6 ml/kg, n=22), and E3 (1.0 ml/kg, n=14), and one using blinded technique B4 (1.0 ml/kg, n=14). After euthanasia, the axillary region was dissected and nerves identified by a blinded evaluator. Success was defined as 3/4 nerves stained, or presence of dye in the tissue immediately surrounding the plexus. There were no significant differences between groups when total nerve count, adjacent staining, success rate (92.8–100 per cent), or rate of haematoma were evaluated. The musculocutaneous nerve was significantly more targeted in B4 than E1 and E2, but not E3. Electrostimulator‐guided BPB using lower volumes of injectate had similar success rate as the blinded technique using higher volume, thus, lower volumes can be used without compromising success. When an ES is not available, the blind technique with 1 ml/kg is also acceptable. However, when performing an ES‐guided BPB, volumes as low as 0.2 ml/kg can be used. As volume is increased, the musculocutaneous nerve becomes more likely to be targeted.
ACCURATE QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENT OF LUNATE UNCOVERING RATIO — IS GILULA'S SEMIQUANTITATIVE TEST RELIABLE?
Authors: Wu Der Yang , Huang Mei Ching , Wang Yung Cheng , Tseng Wen Chang 
Published: October 2013

The Gilula's test suggests the presence of ulnocarpal translation when 50% or more of the lunate lies medial to the ulnar edge of radius. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of this semiquantitative test as there was inconsistency between the previous publications in regarding 50% as the cutoff value for the normal lunate uncovering ratio (LUR).We utilized the Picture Archiving and Communication System to investigate radiographs of 299 normal adult wrists and emphasized defined radiographic landmarks for accurate quantitative measurement. Our mean LUR was 35%(SD8) with a range of 8 to 49%. Therefore we re-affirmed the reliability of the Gilula's test since none of our normal wrists had a LUR of 50% or greater.
PEAK LOAD RESISTANCE OF THE JUGGERKNOTXS™ SOFT ANCHOR TECHNIQUE COMPARED WITH OTHER COMMON FIXATION TECHNIQUES FOR LARGE MALLET FINGER FRACTURES
Authors: Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Fung Boris , Ip Wing Yuk 
Published: October 2013

Introduction: To identify the strongest peak load resistance among four mallet finger fracture fixation methods (Kirschner wire, pull-out wire, tension-band wiring and the JuggerKnot™ (Biomet) soft anchor fixation).Methods: Fixation techniques were assigned among 24 specimens from six cadaveric human hands in a randomized block fashion. Peak load resistance was tested at 30°, 45° and 60° of flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint.Results: The mean peak load of tension-band wiring was 67.8 N at 60° of flexion which was most superior. The JuggerKnot™ fixation had mean peak loads of 13.35 N (30°), 22.51 N (45°) and 32.96 N (60°). No complications of implant failure or fragmentation of the dorsal fragment was noted.Conclusions: Tension-band wiring was the strongest fixation method but was most prominent on the skin surface as seen in three specimens. The JuggerKnot™ soft anchor fixation had similar peak load resistance as k-wire fixation and pull-out wiring.
Argon extraction from geological samples by CO
2
scanning laser step-heating
Authors: Barfod D. N. , Mark D. F. , Tait A. , Dymock R. C. , Imlach J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Lasers are fundamental tools for sampling in geochemical studies and have found wide application in mass spectrometric sample introduction systems. Here we describe an isotope extraction method for
40
Ar/
39
Ar geochronology using a new scanning CO
2
laser system. This method can partially un-mix radiogenic (
40
Ar*) from trapped argon components and provides an alternative to furnace step-heating methods. A key advantage of the laser scanning method developed at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) is the ability to step-heat samples as large as 100 mg to fusion using low raster speeds, although care must be taken to avoid self-shielding of grains and proper laser targeting. The scanning laser extraction system has the potential for lower overall blanks and the ability to run blanks and calibrations between steps of a heating sequence. This provides better control on system performance and characterization during sample measurement and can result in improved data quality.

Supplementary material:

Ar/Ar data presented in Figures 6a–c and 7 (obsidian) is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18694
.
Technology as a geological phenomenon: implications for human well-being
Authors: Haff P. K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The technosphere, the interlinked set of communication, transportation, bureaucratic and other systems that act to metabolize fossil fuels and other energy resources, is considered to be an emerging global paradigm, with similarities to the lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The technosphere is of global extent, exhibits large-scale appropriation of mass and energy resources, shows a tendency to co-opt for its own use information produced by the environment, and is autonomous. Unlike the older paradigms, the technosphere has not yet evolved the ability to recycle its own waste stream. Unless or until it does so, its status as a paradigm remains provisional. Humans are ‘parts’ of the technosphere – subcomponents essential for system function. Viewed from the inside by its human parts, the technosphere is perceived as a derived and controlled construct. Viewed from outside as a geological phenomenon, the technosphere appears as a quasi-autonomous system whose dynamics constrains the behaviour of its human parts. A geological perspective on technology suggests why strategies to limit environmental damage that consider only the needs of people are likely to fail without parallel consideration of the requirements of technology, especially its need for an abundant supply of energy.
Assessing the Anthropocene with geochemical methods
Authors: Gałuszka Agnieszka , Migaszewski Zdzisław M. , Zalasiewicz Jan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Anthropogenic chemical contamination is one of the most evident signals of human influence on the environment. The large amounts of industrially produced pollutants that have been introduced, over decades, into air, soil and water have caused modifications to natural elemental cycling. Anthropogenic contamination usually leads to enrichment in many elements, particularly in industrial areas. Thus, certain elements and their isotopes can be used as geochemical tracers of anthropogenic impact. Some human-induced changes in the environment may be regarded as a secondary effect of pollution, such as acidification, which causes increased geochemical mobility of several trace elements in surficial deposits. Methods used by geochemists to assess the scale of anthropogenic influence on the environment include calculations of anthropogenic influence on the environment via enrichment and contamination factors, geoaccumulation index and pollution load index. The use of geochemical background levels for delineating between natural and anthropogenic pollution is important. A historical perspective of anthropogenic contamination, allied with isotopic and geochemical signatures in dated sediment cores, may be applied to help define the Anthropocene.
Definition of the Anthropocene: a view from the underworld
Authors: Fairchild Ian J. , Frisia Silvia 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Annually laminated stalagmites from natural caves and limestone mines capture a number of significant environmental and climatic signals during the anthropogenically disturbed era. The effects of forest clearance, or development of agricultural or industrial practices, can be marked by changes in soil or hydrological responses leading to shifts in both chemical (e.g. carbon and oxygen isotope ratios or trace elements) and physical (e.g. fabric, thickness of laminae) signals. However, these signals are diachronous because of the spatial heterogeneity of human societies. Twentieth-century changes in atmospheric composition are known from speleothems at several sites and demonstrate pollution disturbance of the sulphur cycle and the signal provided by the 1950s rise in radiocarbon caused by atmospheric nuclear tests. This latter is a global signal and hence a strong candidate to define the start of the Anthropocene, although other considerations, including comparison with instrumental archives, would favour an earlier timing. An attractive option is the climate amelioration marking the end of the Little Ice Age in the mid-nineteenth century, which is marked in Alpine and other Northern Hemisphere areas. Examples are illustrated from the Grotta di Ernesto cave to illustrate the appearance of a putative mid-nineteenth-century boundary.
An Intact Immune System Is Required for the Anticancer Activities of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
Authors: West Alison C. , Mattarollo Stephen R. , Shortt Jake , Cluse Leonie A. , Christiansen Ailsa J. , Smyth Mark J. , Johnstone Ricky W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCell-intrinsic effects such as induction of apoptosis and/or inhibition of cell proliferation have been proposed as the major antitumor responses to histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). These compounds can also mediate immune-modulatory effects that may contribute to their anticancer effects. However, HDACi can also induce anti-inflammatory, and potentially immunosuppressive, outcomes. We therefore sought to clarify the role of the immune system in mediating the efficacy of HDACi in a physiologic setting, using preclinical, syngeneic murine models of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. We showed an intact immune system was required for the robust anticancer effects of the HDACi vorinostat and panobinostat against a colon adenocarcinoma and two aggressive models of leukemia/lymphoma. Importantly, although HDACi-treated immunocompromised mice bearing established lymphoma succumbed to disease significantly earlier than tumor bearing, HDACi-treated wild-type (WT) mice, treatment with the conventional chemotherapeutic etoposide equivalently enhanced the survival of both strains. IFN-γ and tumor cell signaling through IFN-γR were particularly important for the anticancer effects of HDACi, and vorinostat and IFN-γ acted in concert to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells. Furthermore, we show that a combination of vorinostat with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), an IFN-γ–inducing agent, was significantly more potent against established lymphoma than vorinostat treatment alone. Intriguingly, B cells, but not natural killer cells or CD8+ T cells, were implicated as effectors of the vorinostat antitumor immune response. Together, our data suggest HDACi are immunostimulatory during cancer treatment and that combinatorial therapeutic regimes with immunotherapies should be considered in the clinic. Cancer Res; 73(24); 7265–76. ©2013 AACR.
Dietary Patterns Are Associated With Incident Stroke and Contribute to Excess Risk of Stroke in Black Americans
Authors: Judd Suzanne E. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. , Newby P.K. , Howard George , Howard Virginia J. , Locher Julie L. , Kissela Brett M. , Shikany James M. 
Published: October 2013

Background and Purpose—
Black Americans and residents of the Southeastern United States are at increased risk of stroke. Diet is one of many potential factors proposed that might explain these racial and regional disparities.

Methods—
Between 2003 and 2007, the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort study enrolled 30 239 black and white Americans aged ≥45 years. Dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis and foods from food frequency data. Incident strokes were adjudicated using medical records by a team of physicians. Cox-proportional hazards models were used to examine risk of stroke.

Results—

During 5.7 years, 490 incident strokes were observed. In a multivariable-adjusted analysis, greater adherence to the plant-based pattern was associated with lower stroke risk (hazard ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.56–0.91;
P
trend
=0.005). This association was attenuated after addition of income, education, total energy intake, smoking, and sedentary behavior. Participants with a higher adherence to the Southern pattern experienced a 39% increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.05, 1.84), with a significant (
P
=0.009) trend across quartiles. Including Southern pattern in the model mediated the black–white risk of stroke by 63%.

Conclusions—
These data suggest that adherence to a Southern style diet may increase the risk of stroke, whereas adherence to a more plant-based diet may reduce stroke risk. Given the consistency of finding a dietary effect on stroke risk across studies, discussing nutrition patterns during risk screening may be an important step in reducing stroke.
Climatology of Tropical System Rainfall in the Eastern Corn Belt
Authors: Haberlie Alex , Gale Kari , Changnon David , Tannura Mike 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study examines the frequency of daily rainfall totals greater than 2.54 cm (1 in.) averaged within a climate division (CD) associated with tropical systems that moved through the U.S. eastern Corn Belt region during the growing season. These occurrences are defined as “events.” From 1913 to 2012, the tracks of 60 tropical systems moved over a study area that included 24 CDs—9 in Illinois, 9 in Indiana, and 6 in western Ohio. Of those 60 tropical systems, 37 were associated with events. Event risk varied through the growing season ranging from 3 events in June to 21 events in September. Decadal analysis showed an increase in the frequency of tropical systems and events during the last decade of the study (2003–12). Tropical systems were infrequent, and the timing of rainfall associated with the majority of events (i.e., September) was too late to impact corn and soybean development or yield in this region. Events had some impact on current and subsequent CD average soil moisture conditions; however, only 8 of the 37 events produced dramatic improvements in Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) values from categorical moderate to severe drought levels to near-normal conditions in the eastern Corn Belt. Those CDs that experienced a September or October event were associated with significantly higher PDSI values (+1.34) prior to the following summer than those that did not experience an event (+0.54).
Eastward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation Represented by Chikira–Sugiyama Cumulus Parameterization. Part II: Understanding Moisture Variation under Weak Temperature Gradient Balance
Authors: Chikira Minoru 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The eastward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by the Chikira–Sugiyama cumulus scheme in a general circulation model was investigated focusing on the variation of the free-tropospheric humidity. The net effect of the vertical advection and cloud process amplifies the positive moisture anomaly in the mature phase, supporting the moisture-mode theory. The horizontal advection causes the eastward propagation of the field. The variation of the moisture profile is accurately understood by using environmental vertical velocity outside cumuli. The velocity is regulated by a thermodynamic balance under a weak temperature gradient. A nondimensional parameter α plays an important role in the moisture variation, which characterizes the efficiency of moistening (drying) induced by external heating (cooling). In the middle and lower troposphere, the major moistening factor is the radiative warming anomaly, which induces the upward environmental vertical velocity anomaly. The reevaporation of the precipitation works as drying, since its cooling effect induces the downward environmental vertical velocity anomaly. Snow melting significantly cools and thereby dries the midtroposphere. The moistening of the midtroposphere is important for moistening the lower troposphere through the reduction of α. The efficiency of moistening depends on the heating profile, and congestus clouds play an important role in it. The heating profile, which maximizes the moistening of the free troposphere, is realized in the mature phase. The atmosphere is marginally unstable even in the mature phase, which is a favorable condition for the congestus clouds to occur.
ENSO in the Mid-Holocene according to CSM and HadCM3
Authors: Roberts William H. G. , Battisti David S. , Tudhope Alexander W. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The offline linearized ocean–atmosphere model (LOAM), which was developed to quantify the impact of the climatological mean state on the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is used to illuminate why ENSO changed between the modern-day and early/mid-Holocene simulations in two climate modeling studies using the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) and the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3). LOAM reproduces the spatiotemporal variability simulated by the climate models and shows both the reduction in the variance of ENSO and the changes in the spatial structure of the variance during the early/mid-Holocene. The mean state changes that are important in each model are different and, in both cases, are also different from those hypothesized to be important in the original papers describing these simulations. In the CSM simulations, the ENSO mode is stabilized by the mean cooling of the SST. This reduces atmospheric heating anomalies that in turn give smaller wind stress anomalies, thus weakening the Bjerknes feedback. Within the ocean, a change in the thermocline structure alters the spatial pattern of the variance, shifting the peak variance farther east, but does not reduce the overall amount of ENSO variance. In HadCM3, the ENSO mode is stabilized by a combination of a weaker thermocline and weakened horizontal surface currents. Both of these reduce the Bjerknes feedback by reducing the ocean’s SST response to wind stress forcing. This study demonstrates the importance of considering the combined effect of a mean state change on the coupled ocean–atmosphere system: conflicting and erroneous results are obtained for both models if only one model component is considered in isolation.
How Much of Monthly Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Can Be Recovered by the Specification of Sea Surface Temperatures?
Authors: Kumar Arun , Wang Hui , Xue Yan , Wang Wanqiu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The focus of the analysis is to investigate the question to what extent the specification of sea surface temperature (SST) in coupled model integration can impart realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial tropical Pacific. In the context of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, the analysis is of importance from two aspects: such a system can be considered as a simple coupled ocean data assimilation system that can provide ocean initial conditions; and what additional components of the ocean observing system may be crucial for skillful ENSO prediction.
The results indicate that coupled model integration where SST is continuously nudged toward the observed state can generate a realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature. The evolution of slow variability related to ENSO, in particular, has a good resemblance against the observational counterpart. The realism of subsurface ocean temperature variability is highest near the date line and least in the far eastern Pacific where the thermocline is shallowest. The results are also discussed in the context of ocean observing system requirements for ENSO prediction.