bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Investigation of Several 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine‐Based High‐Energy Compounds
Authors: Tan Bisheng , Huang Ming , Huang Hui , Long Xinping , Li Jinshan , Nie Fude , Huang Jinglun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe enthalpies of formation of six 1,2,3,4‐tetrazine‐based compounds were calculated according to the Density Functional Theory BOP/TNP method and by using homodesmotic reaction designs. Their detonation performances, including detonation velocity and pressure, were predicted in terms of the Stine equations. The 1,2,3,4‐Tetrazine‐based compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and F are powerful high‐energy compounds. The detonation performances of A and B, including detonation velocity, and detonation pressure, are superior to that of the current high‐energy explosive CL‐20. The detonation velocity, detonation pressure, and oxygen balance of 1,2,3,4‐tetrazine related oxo derivatives can be improved by partial oxidation of the nitrogen atoms in the tetrazine ring, but further oxidation causes reduction of the enthalpies and specific impulses of the oxo derivatives. Calculation of the molecular resonance energies indicated that E [C6N12] and F have more negative values, i.e, the ring strain energies of their configurations are high, whereas the resonance energies of C and D are low, only compound B has a very positive resonance energy. Considering energy and stability, B is a promising compound for practical use with both high energy and low sensitivity.
Identifying Kondo orbitals through spatially resolved STS
Authors: Antipov Andrey E. , Ribeiro Pedro , Kroha Johann , Kirchner Stefan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe study the influence of angular degrees of freedom of magnetic adatoms on metallic surfaces onto scanning tunneling spectra. Kondo scattering of electrons off the adatom changes the local density of states near the Fermi level. The spatial dependence of this correction is set by the orbital structure of the local moment localized on the adatom. By considering a multilevel Anderson model with non‐degenerate orbitals of differing orbital structure, we demonstrate that the spatial dependence of the scanning tunneling spectrum contains sufficient information to infer the orbital degrees of freedom of the magnetic adatom.
Nanoparticle Accumulation in Angiogenic Tissues: Towards Predictable Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Yaehne Kristin , Tekrony Amy , Clancy Aisling , Gregoriou Yiota , Walker John , Dean Kwin , Nguyen Trinh , Doiron Amber , Rinker Kristina , Jiang Xiao Yu , Childs Sarah , Cramb David 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNanoparticles are increasingly used in medical applications such as drug delivery, imaging, and biodiagnostics, particularly for cancer. The design of nanoparticles for tumor delivery has been largely empirical, owing to a lack of quantitative data on angiogenic tissue sequestration. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, the deposition rate constants of nanoparticles into angiogenic blood vessel tissue are determined. It is shown that deposition is dependent on surface charge. Moreover, the size dependency strongly suggests that nanoparticles are taken up by a passive mechanism that depends largely on geometry. These findings imply that it is possible to tune nanoparticle pharmacokinetics simply by adjusting nanoparticle size.
NIR‐Emitting Quantum Dot‐Encoded Microbeads through Membrane Emulsification for Multiplexed Immunoassays
Authors: Wang Xiebing , Wang Gang , Li Wanwan , Zhao Bingxia , Xing Bin , Leng Yuankui , Dou Hongjing , Sun Kang , Shen Lisong , Yuan Xiangliang , Li Jiyu , Sun Kun , Han Junsong , Xiao Huasheng , Li Yue , Huang Peng , Chen Xiaoyuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNIR‐emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QD‐encoded microbeads are combined with common flow cytometry with one laser for multiplexed detection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). A facile one‐pot synthetic route is developed to prepare CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell QDs with high photoluminescence quantum yield and excellent stability in liquid paraffin, and a Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique is applied to incorporate the QDs into polystyrene–maleic anhydride (PSMA) microbeads to obtain highly fluorescent QD‐encoded microbeads. The relatively wide NIR photoluminescence full width half maximum of the CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QDs is used to develop a ‘single wavelength’ encoding method to obtain different optical codes by changing the wavelengh and emission intensity of the QDs incorporated into the microbeads. Moreover, a detection platform combining NIR‐emitting CdSeTe/CdS/ZnS QD‐encoded microbeads and Beckman Coulter FC 500 flow cytometry with one laser of 488 nm is successfully used to conduct a 2‐plex hybridization assay for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and a 3‐plex hybridization assay for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), which suggests the promising application of NIR QD‐encoded microbeads for multiplex immunoassays.
Emotions and Positional Identity in Becoming a Social Justice Science Teacher: Nicole's Story
Authors: Rivera Maulucci Maria S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBecoming a social justice teacher, for high‐poverty urban settings, is fraught with emotional ambivalence related to personal, professional, relational, political, and cultural social justice issues. Prospective teachers must navigate their sense of justice, grapple with issues of educational disparity, engage with theories of critical, multicultural, and constructivist approaches to teaching science, and articulate their vision and philosophy of teaching. Furthermore, their emotional navigation occurs at nested micro, meso, and macro levels. In this article, I present a case study of the historical development of an African‐American, Caribbean preservice teacher's social justice stance. Drawing on the concepts of emotional genealogy, critical emotional praxis, and positional identity, I explore why she majored in Chemistry, how she decided to become a Chemistry teacher, and her struggles with notions of oppression and multicultural education. The narratives focus on what emotions Nicole expresses, and how those emotions help Nicole position herself with respect to social justice issues she navigates, from micro to macro levels, in becoming a social justice Chemistry teacher. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 50: 453‐478, 2013
Examination Under Anesthesia for Management of Impalpable Undescended Testis: A Traditional Technique Revisited
Authors: Zakaria Ossama M. , Hokkam Emad , El Kadi Karam E. , Al BuAli Waleed H. , Zakaria Hazem M. , Daoud Mohamed Y. , Shehata Sameh A. , AlMulhim AbdulRahman S. , AlWadaani Hamed A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundMany new tools for management of impalpable testes have emerged during the last few years, yet, not many studies have compared them to the traditional ways of managing this problem. This work aims to reiterate the importance of the physical examination under general anesthesia prior to the surgical procedure in order to decide the best surgical approach for patients with impalpable undescended testis, especially in developing countries where expensive investigations are at premium.Patients and methodsThe study included boys who were treated consecutively and recorded prospectively from 2000 to 2010. Examination under anesthesia (EUA) was performed during the study period. Those in whom the testes were palpable underwent the standard orchiopexy procedure. In those boys where EUA failed to detect the testes, laparoscopy or extended inguinal exploration was carried out, and the testes were treated accordingly.ResultsOn initial clinical evaluation at the outpatient clinic, 545 boys were recorded to have impalpable testes. Undescended testis was unilateral in 529 boys and bilateral in 16 boys. However, on examination under anesthesia only 189 (34.7 %) were impalpable. Among boys in whom the testes were palpable after EUA, 38 had small‐size testes, 18 had normal size, and the remaining 300 boys had a sac or cord‐like structure.ConclusionsMeticulous EUA facilitates the accurate diagnosis and planning of the surgical approach to patients with an impalpable testis and should remain part of the surgeon’s skill set. It is an inexpensive initial evaluation tool that may help in saving hospital resources, especially in developing countries.
Fiber Specific Changes in Sphingolipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscles of Hyperthyroid Rats
Authors: Chabowski A. , Żendzian‐Piotrowska M. , Mikłosz A. , Łukaszuk B. , Kurek K. , Górski J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThyroid hormones (T3, T4) are well known modulators of different cellular signals including the sphingomyelin pathway. However, studies regarding downstream effects of T3 on sphingolipid metabolism in skeletal muscle are scarce. In the present work we sought to investigate the effects of hyperthyroidism on the activity of the key enzymes of ceramide metabolism as well as the content of fundamental sphingolipids. Based on fiber/metabolic differences, we chose three different skeletal muscles, with diverse fiber compositions: soleus (slow‐twitch oxidative), red (fast‐twitch oxidative‐glycolytic) and white (fast‐twitch glycolytic) section of gastrocnemius. We demonstrated that T3 induced accumulation of sphinganine, ceramide, sphingosine, as well as sphingomyelin, mostly in soleus and in red, but not white section of gastrocnemius. Concomitantly, the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase and acid/neutral ceramidase was increased in more oxidative muscles. In conclusion, hyperthyroidism induced fiber specific changes in the content of sphingolipids that were relatively more related to de novo synthesis of ceramide rather than to its generation via hydrolysis of sphingomyelin.
Algebraic cobordism theory attached to algebraic equivalence
Authors: Krishna Amalendu , Park Jinhyun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBased on the algebraic cobordism theory of Levine and Morel, we develop a theory of algebraic cobordism modulo algebraic equivalence.We prove that this theory can reproduce Chow groups modulo algebraic equivalence and the semi-topological K0-groups. We also show that with finite coefficients, this theory agrees with the algebraic cobordism theory.We compute our cobordism theory for some low dimensional varieties. The results on infinite generation of some Griffiths groups by Clemens and on smash-nilpotence by Voevodsky and Voisin are also lifted and reinterpreted in terms of this cobordism theory.
Beilinson's Hodge Conjecture for Smooth Varieties
Authors: de Jeu Rob , Lewis James D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLet U/ℂ be a smooth quasi-projective variety of dimension d, CHr (U,m) Bloch's higher Chow group, andclr,m: CHr (U,m) ⊗ ℚ → homMHS (ℚ(0), H2r−m (U, ℚ(r)))the cycle class map. Beilinson once conjectured clr,m to be surjective [Be]; however, Jannsen was the first to find a counterexample in the case m = 1 [Ja1]. In this paper we study the image of clr,m in more detail (as well as at the “generic point” of U) in terms of kernels of Abel-Jacobi mappings. When r = m, we deduce from the Bloch-Kato conjecture (now a theorem) various results, in particular that the cokernel of clm,m at the generic point is the same for integral or rational coefficients.
A NOTE ON FREE ACTIONS OF GROUPS ON PRODUCTS OF SPHERES
Authors: JO JANG HYUN , LEE JONG BUM 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt has been conjectured that if$G= \mathop{({ \mathbb{Z} }_{p} )}\nolimits ^{r} $acts freely on a finite$CW$-complex$X$which is homotopy equivalent to a product of spheres${S}^{{n}_{1} } \times {S}^{{n}_{2} } \times \cdots \times {S}^{{n}_{k} } $, then$r\leq k$. We address this question with the relaxation that$X$is finite-dimensional, and show that, to answer the question, it suffices to consider the case where the dimensions of the spheres are greater than or equal to$2$.
Epidemiology and molecular identification ofAnisakis pegreffii(Nematoda: Anisakidae) in the horse mackerelTrachurus trachurusfrom northern Morocco
Authors: Abattouy N. , López A. Valero , Maldonado J. Lozano , Benajiba M.H. , Martín-Sánchez J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAnisakisinfection parameters were studied in horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) taken from two areas of northern Morocco (Tetouan and Tangier), which showed a mean prevalence of 54.9%. Identification of the ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 fragment by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) showedA. pegreffiito be the dominant species; noA. simplexs.s. were detected. The presence ofA. pegreffiiin horse mackerel was not influenced by the sex (P= 0.46) or catch area (Atlantic versus Mediterranean,P= 0.52) of the fish, but was significantly related to their length, weight, liver weight and gonad weight, and to the season of their capture (P< 0.05). A low prevalence (8.6%) and mean intensity (1.0) was detected in the muscle, probably related to the reduced ability ofA. pegreffiito penetrate muscle. The risk of the presence ofA. pegreffiiin the muscle was fivefold higher in fish caught during the summer than during any other season. Susceptible members of the human population can minimize the risk of infection by avoiding the consumption of larger horse mackerel specimens during the summer.
Interaction of a biased cylinder with a flowing dusty plasma
Authors: MEYER J. K. , HEINRICH J. R. , KIM S.-H. , MERLINO R. L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractExperimental observations of supersonically flowing dusty plasmas and their interaction with an electrically biased circular cylinder are presented. Two methods for producing flowing dusty plasmas are described. The dusty plasma is produced in a DC anode glow discharge plasma. In Configuration I, a secondary dust cloud, initially formed near a biased grid, flowed away from the grid at supersonic speeds when the grid voltage was suddenly changed. In Configuration II, a pencil-like dust beam was produced using a nozzle-like (converging-diverging) electrostatic potential structure. Using Configuration I, the streaming dust encountered a biased cylinder (wire) whose axis was oriented transverse to the dust flow. The flowing dust particles were repelled by the electrostatic field of the negatively charged cylinder, and a dust void was formed around the cylinder. A detached electrohydrodynamic bow shock, akin to the Earth's magnetohydrodynamic bow shock, was formed on the upstream side of the cylinder, while an extended teardrop-shaped wake region was formed on the downstream side. Video imaging of the dust stream allowed for observations of the structure and evolution of the bow shock. Configuration II was used to produce a narrow beam of dust particles and observe how the beam was deflected around the biased cylinder. Three multimedia files (movies) of the observed phenomena are provided in the online Supplementary material.
Bosiliack and a Reconsideration of Entrance Graves
Authors: Jones Andy M. , Thomas Charles , Quinnell Henrietta , Jones Anna-Lawson , McSweeney Kathleen , Taylor Roger 
Published: March 2013

In 1984 the entrance grave at Bosiliack, Cornwall, was excavated by Charles Thomas on behalf of the Institute of Cornish Studies. It was a comparatively small example, approximately 5 m in diameter encircled by a substantial kerb. A deposit of cremated bone was found within the chamber accompanied by sherds of plain pottery from three vessels. Two radiocarbon determinations were obtained on the cremated bone. The dates were almost identical, falling between 1690 and 1500 calbc.Because Bosiliack is the only entrance grave in Cornwall to have been excavated to modern standards, and to have had any analyses undertaken on the contents of its chamber, it is significant to the study of small chambered tombs elsewhere. This paper outlines the results from the excavations before moving on to a discussion of the use of monument and a consideration of its possible affinities with monuments elsewhere.
Kok-Chor Tan, Justice, Institutions, and Luck: The Site, Ground, and Scope of Equality (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012), pp. ix + 208.
Authors: HALLIDAY DANIEL 
Published: March 2013

Political liberals very often appeal to a so-called division of moral labour that separates the regulation of institutions from that of personal conduct. Probably the most famous statement of this idea is found in these remarks from John Rawls:
The principles of justice for institutions must not be confused with the principles which apply to individuals and their actions in particular circumstances. These two kinds of principles apply to different subjects and must be discussed separately. (A Theory of Justice, rev. edn. (1999), p. 47)
Kok-Chor Tan's excellent new book renews and extends the case for accepting some version of Rawls's view, which Tan calls the ‘institutional focus’ in distributive justice. If Tan is right, then the liberal focus on institutions is not only defensible in its own right, but also helps support further elements of egalitarian theorizing, including some that Rawlsians often reject. In particular, Tan believes that a focus on institutions helps secure a more plausible ‘luck egalitarian’ approach to distributive justice, and that it also supports a version of cosmopolitanism about global justice.
Does Emergency Medical Dispatch Priority Predict Delphi Process-Derived Levels of Prehospital Intervention?
Authors: Sporer Karl A. , Craig Alan M. , Johnson Nicholas J. , Yeh Clement C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:The Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) is an emergency medical dispatch system widely used to prioritize 9-1-1 calls and optimize resource allocation. This study evaluates whether the assigned priority predicts a Delphi process-derived level of prehospital intervention in each emergency medical dispatch category.Methods:All patients given a MPDS priority in a suburban California county from 2004–2006 were included. A Delphi process of emergency medical services (EMS) professionals in another system developed the following categories of prehospital treatment representing increasing acuity, which were adapted for this study: advanced life support (ALS) intervention, ALS–Stat, and ALS–Critical. The sensitivities and specificities of MPDS priority for level of prehospital intervention were determined for each MPDS category.Results:A total of 65,268 patients met inclusion criteria, representing 61% of EMS calls during the study period. The overall sensitivities of high-priority dispatch codes for ALS, ALS-Stat, and ALS-Critical interventions were 83% (95% confidence interval 83–84%), 83% (82–84%), and 94% (92–96%). Overall specificities were: ALS, 32% (31–32%); ALS-Stat, 31% (30–31%); and ALS-Critical 28% (28–29%). Compared to calls assigned to a low priority, calls with high-priority dispatch codes were more likely to receive ALS interventions by 22%, ALS-Stat by 20%, and ALS-Critical by 32%. A low priority dispatch code decreased the likelihood of ALS interventions by 48%, ALS-Stat by 45%, and ALS-Critical by 80%. Among high-priority dispatch codes, the rates of interventions were: ALS 26%, ALS-Stat 22%, and ALS-Critical 1.5%, all of which were significantly greater than low-priority calls (p <0.05) [ALS 13%, ALS-Stat 11%, and ALS-Critical 0.2%]. Major MPDS were categories with high sensitivities (>95%) for ALS interventions included breathing problems, cardiac or respiratory arrest/death, chest pain, stroke, and unconscious/fainting; these categories had an average specificity of 3%. Medical Priority Dispatch System categories such as back pain, unknown problem, and traumatic injury had sensitivities for ALS interventions <15%.Conclusions:The MPDS is moderately sensitive for the Delphi process derived ALS, ALS-Stat, and ALS-Critical intervention levels, but non-specific. A low MPDS priority is predictive of no prehospital intervention. A high priority, however, is of little predictive value for ALS, ALS-Stat, or ALSCritical interventions.
Sur la conjecture de Manin pour certaines surfaces de Châtelet
Authors: de la Bretèche Régis , Tenenbaum Gérald 
Published: March 2013

RésuméNous démontrons, sous la forme forte conjecturée par Peyre, la conjecture de Manin pour les surfaces de Châtelet dont les équations sont du type ${y}^{2} + {z}^{2} = P(x, 1)$, où $P$ est une forme binaire quartique à coefficients entiers irréductible sur $ \mathbb{Q} [i] $ ou produit de deux formes quadratiques à coefficients entiers irréductibles sur $ \mathbb{Q} [i] $. De plus, nous fournissons une estimation explicite du terme d’erreur de la formule asymptotique sous-jacente. Cela finalise essentiellement la validation de la conjecture de Manin pour l’ensemble des surfaces de Châtelet. La preuve s’appuie sur deux méthodes nouvelles, concernant, du part, les estimations en moyenne d’oscillations locales de caractères sur les diviseurs, et, d’autre part, les majorations de certaines fonctions arithmétiques de formes binaires.
Scientific Visualization in Astronomy: Towards the Petascale Astronomy Era
Authors: Hassan Amr , Fluke Christopher J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAstronomy is entering a new era of discovery, coincident with the establishment of new facilities for observation and simulation that will routinely generate petabytes of data. While an increasing reliance on automated data analysis is anticipated, a critical role will remain for visualization-based knowledge discovery. We have investigated scientific visualization applications in astronomy through an examination of the literature published during the last two decades. We identify the two most active fields for progress — visualization of large-N particle data and spectral data cubes—discuss open areas of research, and introduce a mapping between astronomical sources of data and data representations used in general-purpose visualization tools. We discuss contributions using high-performance computing architectures (e.g. distributed processing and GPUs), collaborative astronomy visualization, the use of workflow systems to store metadata about visualization parameters, and the use of advanced interaction devices. We examine a number of issues that may be limiting the spread of scientific visualization research in astronomy and identify six grand challenges for scientific visualization research in the Petascale Astronomy Era.
On the Estimation of Confidence Intervals for Binomial Population Proportions in Astronomy: The Simplicity and Superiority of the Bayesian Approach
Authors: Cameron Ewan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractI present a critical review of techniques for estimating confidence intervals on binomial population proportions inferred from success counts in small to intermediate samples. Population proportions arise frequently as quantities of interest in astronomical research; for instance, in studies aiming to constrain the bar fraction, active galactic nucleus fraction, supermassive black hole fraction, merger fraction, or red sequence fraction from counts of galaxies exhibiting distinct morphological features or stellar populations. However, two of the most widely-used techniques for estimating binomial confidence intervals — the ‘normal approximation’ and the Clopper & Pearson approach — are liable to misrepresent the degree of statistical uncertainty present under sampling conditions routinely encountered in astronomical surveys, leading to an ineffective use of the experimental data (and, worse, an inefficient use of the resources expended in obtaining that data). Hence, I provide here an overview of the fundamentals of binomial statistics with two principal aims: (I) to reveal the ease with which (Bayesian) binomial confidence intervals with more satisfactory behaviour may be estimated from the quantiles of the beta distribution using modern mathematical software packages (e.g.r, matlab, mathematica, idl, python); and (ii) to demonstrate convincingly the major flaws of both the ‘normal approximation’ and the Clopper & Pearson approach for error estimation.