bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel glycosyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Li Quxiang , Cheng Fengchang , Shi Dahua , Cao Zhiling 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A convenient and practical protocol was developed to synthesize glycosyl 1,3,4-oxadiazoles from d-glucosamine with good to excellent yields. The key step involved p-TsCl/pyridine-mediated cyclization under mild conditions. Subsequent removal of the acetyl groups in the last step, conducted using the system of NaOMe/MeOH, gave the desired N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives.
Necessity and possibility modals in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras)
Authors: Xavier André Nogueira , Wilcox Sherman 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article reports the results of a study of necessity and possibility modals in Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). The data discussed here mainly come from an interview carried out with a fluent deaf Libras signer. Our analysis suggests that the Libras modals we elicited have a lexical source with a more concrete meaning (Bybee 1994 et al.) and, in some cases, can have their origin traced back to a gesture, as has been demonstrated for ASL (Wilcox & Shaffer 2006). It also suggests, based on synchronic polysemy, that modals in Libras have developed through the same grammaticization processes observed for spoken languages. The results, coming from a language in the signed modality, contribute to our understanding of the truly typologically universal paths of grammaticization and the semantic domain of modality.
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Stability Analysis for Grain Yield of Mid-hill Rice Genotypes
Authors: Upreti Hari K. , Bista Sudarshan , Sah Surya N. , Dhakal Ramesh 
Published: December 2014

Genotype x Environment interaction limits the effectiveness of selection when selection is based only on mean yield. This G × E interaction was studied for grain yield in 7 genotypes of mid-hill rice in five different environments across the Nepal. Significant difference was observed among genotype (G), environment (E) and interaction (G × E) but could not identify the stable high yielding genotypes for diverse environments. Therefore, stability parameters were calculated and analyzed. On the basis of stability parameters, two genotypes, NR 10414, NR 10492 and NR 10515 were found to be most stable over different environments. NR 10353 was identified as suitable genotypes with high grain yield for favorable environment.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 14-17DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11565
Participatory Black Scurf Disease Management on Potato in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Buddhi P. , KC Ram B. 
Published: December 2014

A farmer's participatory field experiment was accomplished during three consecutive years (2003-2005) for the sustainable management of black scurf disease of potato at Mainapokhar, Bardiya, Nepal. A heavily infested field with Rhizoctonia solani was selected prior to experimentation. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The efficacy of two concentrations (2% and 3%) of boric acid and 0.15% of Thiophanate Methyl were tested for disease control through seed treatment. An antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum was used as seed and soil treatment. As per treatment plan some plots were sterilized with formaldehyde 1% prior to planting. The plots having healthy seed (pre-basic seed) planted in sterilized plots showed minimum disease(6.8%) followed by 3% boric acid treated seed planted in sterilized plots (10.8%) and 2% boric acid without soil sterilization (13.1%) and seed and soil treated plot with T. harzianum (17.1%). Farmers did not accept treatments connected with soil sterilization by Formalin. After analyzing the overall results of three years experiment farmers choose seed treatment with 2% boric acid prior to planting and identified application of Trichoderma harzianum for black scurf management as second option.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 56-62DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11581
Measuring Returns from Improved Rice, Maize and Wheat Research in Nepal
Authors: Thakur Naresh S. , Paudel Min N. , Gauchan Devendra , Shrestha Bhawana 
Published: December 2014

Studies on returns to research have been established in different countries to justify research funding and allocation of research priorities. However in Nepal, there are no scientific studies carried out recently on return to research investment in major crops and commodities, despite priority given in agricultural sector. This paper has summarized the research investment with respect to major cereals viz; rice, maize, and wheat and income generated by the impact of improved varieties of these crops in Nepal. Internal rate of return for major cereal crops (rice, maize, and wheat) was estimated using time series data of 1995 to 2005. The findings revealed that there is a negative annual growth rate (-0.59%) of NARC budget during 1998-2004. There was a food deficit during mid nineties, however, in the late nineties while despite tremendous curtailing of budget for research, a surplus of food grain was observed. Although the situation of positive food grain balance is not the result of current year's efforts on research it could be the impacts of years of efforts that were in a continuous pace in the past for agriculture R&D coupled with the impacts of extension related activities in the country. Food surplus is mainly contributed by the efforts of massive release of improved varieties of crops by NARC during late nineties. The internal rate of return (IRR) of these cereals for a decade (1995-2004) was in the range of 84-105%, which is around Rs 235673 millions of income generation while investment for their research was Rs 559 millions (0.24% of their revenue). This indicates that there is gross under funding on research for major crops, despite their significant contribution in national economy, food security, and livelihood improvement in Nepal. Finally paper suggests for increased investment in agricultural research for meeting increasing needs of food, income, and employment of growing population as well as enhancing and sustaining future agricultural R&D in the country.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 103-112DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v8i0.11602
Trabecular Bone Score in Female Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Comparison with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Influence of Glucocorticoid Exposure
Authors: Koumakis Eugénie , Avouac Jérôme , Winzenrieth Renaud , Toth Emese , Payet Judith , Kahan André , Allanore Yannick , Cormier Catherine 
Published: December 2014

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. To date, the etiology of bone loss in SSc is unclear. Trabecular bone score (TBS) provides an indirect measurement of bone microarchitecture, independent of areal bone mineral density (aBMD). The aims were to assess bone involvement in SSc using TBS in comparison with a “high-risk” population with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls, and to investigate the determinants of a low TBS.Methods.This was a cross-sectional study of 65 women with SSc, 138 age-matched female patients with RA, and 227 age-matched female controls. Spine and hip aBMD were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. TBS was calculated from the anteroposterior image of the spine aBMD.Results.TBS was significantly lower in SSc compared to controls (p < 0.0001) and did not differ from RA (p = 0.128), despite lower cumulative and daily glucocorticoid (GC) dose (p < 0.0001). Further, patients with SSc receiving GC ≥ 5 mg/day had a significantly lower TBS than those receiving GC < 5 mg/day (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that a low TBS was independently associated with daily GC dose (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.7–19.2) and a T score ≤ −2.5 SD (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.5–7.0) in SSc. No association between GC and TBS was found in RA.Conclusion.Our results support the development of a combined approach using both TBS and aBMD for the assessment of bone microarchitecture in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Our study showed that SSc-related bone involvement is characterized by an impairment in bone quality in addition to reduced bone quantity, and highlights that TBS can identify the negative effect of GC on bone microarchitecture.
Software-Based Evaluation of Toric IOL Orientation in a Multicenter Clinical Study
Authors: Kasthurirangan Sanjeev , Feuchter Lucas , Smith Pamela , Nixon Donald 
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the rotational stability of a new one-piece hydrophobic acrylic toric intraocular lens (IOL) using a custom-developed software for analysis of slit-lamp photographs.

METHODS:
In a prospective, multicenter study, 174 eyes were implanted with the TECNIS Toric IOL (Abbott Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA). A custom-developed software was used to analyze high-resolution slit-lamp photographs of 156 eyes taken at day 1 (baseline) and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The software uses iris and sclera landmarks to align the baseline image and later images for comparison. Validation of software was performed through repeated analyses of protractor images rotated from 0.1° to 10.0° and randomly selected photographs of 20 eyes.

RESULTS:
Software validation showed precision (repeatability plus reproducibility variation) of 0.02° using protractor images and 2.22° using slit-lamp photographs. Good quality slit-lamp images and clear landmarks were necessary for precise measurements. At 6 months, 94.2% of eyes had 5° or less change in IOL orientation versus baseline; only 2 eyes (1.4%) had axis shift greater than 30°. Most eyes were within 5° or less of rotation between 1 and 3 months (92.9%) and 3 and 6 months (94.1%). Mean absolute axis change (± standard deviation) from 1 day to 6 months was 2.70° ± 5.51°.

CONCLUSIONS:
The new custom software was precise and quick in analyzing slit-lamp photographs to determine postoperative toric IOL rotation.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):820–826.]
Antibacterial Efficacy of Accelerated Photoactivated Chromophore for Keratitis–Corneal Collagen Cross-linking (PACK-CXL)
Authors: Richoz Olivier , Kling Sabine , Hoogewoud Florence , Hammer Arthur , Tabibian David , Francois Patrice , Schrenzel Jacques , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate whether optimized photoactivated chromophore for keratitis–corneal collagen cross-linking (PACK-CXL) treatment settings allow accelerating treatment while maintaining antibacterial efficacy.

METHODS:

Staphylococcus aureus
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains were irradiated with ultraviolet-A light of equal fluence but different intensity settings (18 mW/cm
2
for 5 minutes and 36 mW/cm
2
for 2.5 minutes). The killing rate was determined by comparing the number of colony-forming units between cross-linked specimens and non-irradiated controls. The potential additional effect of 0.001% benzalkonium chloride was also investigated.

RESULTS:

The killing rates for
Staphylococcus aureus
were 92.5% ± 5.5% (5 minutes at 18 mW/cm
2
) and 94.4% ± 2.9% (2.5 minutes at 36 mW/cm
2
). For
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, the killing rates were 93.2% ± 8.3% (5 minutes at 18 mW/cm
2
) and 92.9% ± 5.0% (2.5 minutes at 36 mW/cm
2
). The presence of benzalkonium chloride in the riboflavin solution did not increase the killing rate significantly.

CONCLUSIONS:
The antibacterial efficacy of PACK-CXL follows the Bunsen–Roscoe law of reciprocity and can be maintained even when the irradiation intensity is considerably increased. These optimized settings may allow a shortened treatment time in the future for PACK-CXL and thus help facilitate the transition from the operating room to the slit lamp for treatment.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):850–854.]
Interface Blood as a New Indication for Flap Lift After LASIK Using the WaveLight FS200 Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Au John , Krueger Ronald R. 
Published: December 2014

PURPOSE:
To report a new indication for flap lift of interface blood using the WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX).

METHODS:
The unique evacuation canal of the FS200 femtosecond laser allows blood from injured limbal vasculature to accumulate. In rare instances, blood extends from the canal into the flap interface, requiring a flap lift. All flap lifts were performed using the microscope in the laser suite on the FS200 femtosecond laser to remove postoperative flap interface blood in 3 eyes of 3 patients.

RESULTS:
All interface blood was removed and no patients experienced re-bleeding. Postoperatively, patients achieved an uncorrected visual acuity of 20/20.

CONCLUSIONS:
When intracanal blood is noted, planned incomplete dissection of the flap to the canal edge may prevent the progression of blood in the interface.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2014;30(12):858–860.]
Organ donation and transplantation: A gender perspective and awareness survey in Qatar
Authors: Verjee Mohamud A. , Haddad Pascale , Laws Sa'ad , Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal 
Published: December 2014

Organ transplantation in the Middle East and North Africa has evolved to serve two major needs. The first is to sustain life where severe disease or disorders would mean death without organ replacement as in congenital heart disease. The second need is to provide cost-effective treatment and a quality of life without constant tertiary care and maintenance treatment. Renal transplantation caused by chronic kidney disease and failure is one such example. Qatar in the Middle East and North Africa is one of six countries comprising the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in the Arabian Gulf Region, which has developed an active transplant program. It has one main challenge as other global nations, namely a disparity between organ availability and need, or supply and demand. A survey of university students' and employees' awareness of organ transplantation and donation was completed in 2013 at Education City, Doha, Qatar. Three hundred out of four hundred surveys were returned, or 75% of the total distributed. A literature review was carried out and comparisons made to the subsequent findings. Participants comprised 89% students and 11% employees.
Of the participants, 90.6% were aware that donated organs were potentially life saving, and 72.7% knew about brain death. While most figures seemed comparable to other regional results, two significantly new findings emerged. More females (62.3%) than males (47.1%) believed that Islam supported organ donation, and 72.4% believed that there was no conflict between their faith and organ donation. Awareness campaigns and use of social media were thought to be the most effective way of disseminating organ donation knowledge.
A Newly Developed Mouse Monoclonal SOX10 Antibody Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for Malignant Melanoma, Including Spindle Cell and Desmoplastic Melanomas
Authors: Tacha David , Qi Weimin , Ra Seong , Bremer Ryan , Yu Charlie , Chu Joseph , Hoang Laura , Robbins Bruce 
Published: December 2014

Context
Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated Sry-related HMG-Box gene 10 (SOX10) expression in malignant melanomas, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, a subset of breast carcinomas, and gliomas. SOX10 has shown important clinical utility in its ability to detect desmoplastic and spindle cell melanomas. To date, most publications have employed a research use–only goat polyclonal SOX10 antibody for immunohistochemical staining.

Objective
To describe the development of a new mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody (BC34) and evaluate its immunohistochemical staining profile in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues, with an emphasis on melanoma.

Design
SOX10 antibody was optimized for staining using a polymer detection system and visualization with diaminobenzidine.

Results
In normal tissues, SOX10 was expressed in skin melanocytes and eccrine cells, breast myoepithelial and lobular epithelial cells, salivary gland myoepithelial cells, peripheral nerve Schwann cells, and central nervous system glial cells. SOX10 was expressed in 238 of 257 melanomas (92.6%), including 50 of 51 of both spindle cell and desmoplastic melanomas (98%). SOX10 was expressed in 100% of nevi (20 of 20) and schwannomas (28 of 28). In other neoplasms, SOX10 was expressed in 18 of 109 invasive ductal breast carcinomas (16.5%). All other carcinomas were negative for SOX10. SOX10 was identified in 25 of 52 central nervous system neoplasms, primarily in astrocytomas (22 of 41; 53.7%), and in 4 of 99 various sarcomas examined (4.0%).

Conclusions
The newly developed mouse monoclonal SOX10 antibody BC34 is highly sensitive and specific for malignant melanoma, including desmoplastic and spindle cell variants, and appears highly suitable for clinical use.
Freeze‐Fracture Immunocytochemistry: Fracture‐Label and Label‐Fracture for the Localization of Membrane Proteins
Authors: Kan Frederick W. K. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFreeze‐fracture is a unique investigative tool for visualization of the en face topography of individual membrane leaflets of cell membranes at high resolution under the electron microscope. The development of a system of freeze‐fracture cytochemical and immunocytochemical techniques has further advanced the utility of this methodological approach for high‐resolution localization of specific membrane and intracellular macromolecules in tissues and cells. The unit focuses on description, in a step‐by‐step manner, of the experimental procedures for two specific freeze‐fracture labeling techniques, namely fracture‐label and label‐fracture. Users are guided in a stepwise manner, starting from the preparation of tissue or cell samples to the final retrieval and mounting of fracture‐label and label‐fracture specimens for examination on the electron microscope. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Peroxide induced cross‐linking by reactive melt processing of two biopolyesters: Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) and poly(l‐lactic acid) to improve their melting processability
Authors: Wei Liqing , McDonald Armando G. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) were individually cross‐linked with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) (0.25–1 wt %) by reactive melt processing. The cross‐linked structures of the polymer gel were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The size of the polymer crystal spherulites, glass transition temperature (Tg), melting transition temperature (Tm), and crystallinity were all decreased as a result of cross‐linking. Cross‐linking density (νe) was shown to increase with DCP concentration. Based on parallel plate rheological study (dynamic and steady shear), elastic and viscous modulus (G″ and G′), complex viscosity (η*) and steady shear viscosity (η) were all shown to increase with cross‐linking. Cross‐linked PHB and PLLA showed broader molar mass distribution and formation of long chain branching (LCB) as estimated by RheoMWD. Improvements in melt strength offer bioplastic processors improved material properties and processing options, such as foaming and thermoforming, for new applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41724.
A method test of the use of electric shock treatment to control invasive signal crayfish in streams
Authors: Peay Stephanie , Dunn Alison M. , Kunin William E. , McKimm Robin , Harrod Chris 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Invasive crayfish exert adverse impacts on native biodiversity in Europe. This field study investigated the scope for use of electric shock treatment to eradicate signal crayfish in a small headwater stream.
High intensity (96 kW, direct current 1600 V, 57.8 A, at 7 Hz) repeated shocks were delivered via electrode tapes to two sections of stream. Both had 98 min as 2‐min shocks. Section 2 had additional 15‐min shocks to a total of 308 min.
Crayfish mortality was 86% and 97% in the two sections respectively, based on the number recovered when the channel was subsequently dewatered. The survivors found were in the banks. Mark–recapture indicated that 72% of the total population was captured, hence the minimum mortality was 77% of the total population after the longer treatment.
All sizes of crayfish were affected, but small individuals (<30 mm carapace length) were more susceptible.
Test cages showed increasing mortality with exposure. A fitted model showed 50% mortality with 17 min shock time, 75% mortality with 30 min (distance to electrode in the range 10–50 cm).
The treatment is a possible non‐selective method of control for invasive crayfish in small watercourses, rather than an eradication method, because some crayfish survived in the stony banks. Periodic treatment downstream of a physical barrier would potentially keep the crayfish density low and may therefore reduce the risk of the barrier being overcome by upstream invasion. Options for further investigation to improve the method are discussed.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of SNW1 association with spliceosomal proteins promotes apoptosis in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sato Naoki , Maeda Masao , Sugiyama Mai , Ito Satoko , Hyodo Toshinori , Masuda Akio , Tsunoda Nobuyuki , Kokuryo Toshio , Hamaguchi Michinari , Nagino Masato , Senga Takeshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRNA splicing is a fundamental process for protein synthesis. Recent studies have reported that drugs that inhibit splicing have cytotoxic effects on various tumor cell lines. In this report, we demonstrate that depletion of SNW1, a component of the spliceosome, induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Proteomics and biochemical analyses revealed that SNW1 directly associates with other spliceosome components, including EFTUD2 (Snu114) and SNRNP200 (Brr2). The SKIP region of SNW1 interacted with the N‐terminus of EFTUD2 as well as two independent regions in the C‐terminus of SNRNP200. Similar to SNW1 depletion, knockdown of EFTUD2 increased the numbers of apoptotic cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that exogenous expression of either the SKIP region of SNW1 or the N‐terminus region of EFTUD2 significantly promoted cellular apoptosis. Our results suggest that the inhibition of SNW1 or its associating proteins may be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
Predictors for Good Therapeutic Outcome and Drop‐out in Technology Assisted Guided Self‐Help in the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa and Bulimia like Phenotype
Authors: Wagner Gudrun , Penelo Eva , Nobis Gerald , Mayrhofer Anna , Wanner Christian , Schau Johanna , Spitzer Marion , Gwinner Paulina , Trofaier Marie‐Louise , Imgart Hartmut , Fernandez‐Aranda Fernando , Karwautz Andreas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTechnology assisted guided self‐help has been proven to be effective in the treatment of bulimia nervosa (BN). The aim of this study was to determine predictors of good long‐term outcome as well as drop‐out, in order to identify patients for whom these interventions are most suitable.MethodsOne hundred and fifty six patients with BN were assigned to either 7 months internet‐based guided self‐help (INT‐GSH) or to conventional guided bibliotherapy (BIB‐GSH), both guided by e‐mail support. Evaluations were taken at baseline, after 4, 7, and 18 months. As potential predictors, psychiatric comorbidity, personality features, and eating disorder psychopathology were considered.ResultsHigher motivation, lower frequency of binge eating, and lower body dissatisfaction at baseline predicted good outcome after the end of treatment. Lower frequency of binge eating predicted good outcome at long‐term follow‐up. Factors prediciting drop‐out were higher depression and lower self‐directedness at baseline.ConclusionTechnology assisted self‐help can be recommended for patients with a high motivation to change, lower binge‐eating frequency and lower depression scores. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.