bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐oleic peanuts: New perspective to attenuate glucose homeostasis disruption and inflammation related obesity
Authors: Moreira Alves Raquel Duarte , Boroni Moreira Ana Paula , Macedo Viviane Silva , Bressan Josefina , de Cássia Gonçalves Alfenas Rita , Mattes Richard , Brunoro Costa Neuza Maria 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of acute and daily consumption of high‐oleic peanuts (HOP) on inflammation and glucose homeostasis in overweight/obese men.MethodsIn a 4‐week randomized clinical trial, males with body mass index of 29.8 ± 2.3 kg/m2 and aged 18‐50 years were assigned to the groups: control (CT, n = 22); conventional peanuts (CVP, n = 22); or HOP (n = 21). They followed a hypocaloric‐diet with or without 56 g/day of CVP or HOP. Main outcomes were changes in fasting blood biomarkers and postprandial insulin, glucose, tumor necrosis factor‐alfa (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) responses after acute peanut intake.ResultsAt baseline, HOP showed significantly lower postprandial responses of glucose, insulin, and TNF‐α than CVP and CT. Changes in fasting blood biomarkers did not differ between groups after the 4‐week intervention. However, within groups, total cholesterol decreased in CT, and all groups reduced High‐density lipoprotein (HDL‐c). Triglycerides were reduced in HOP and CVP. IL‐10 increased significantly in all groups while only the CT and CVP showed increased TNF‐α after intervention.ConclusionAcute high‐oleic peanut consumption leads to stronger moderation of postprandial glucose, insulin, and TNF‐α concentrations than CVP and control meal intake. Whether daily intake of high‐oleic peanuts has additional benefits to CVP remains uncertain.
Hot press transferring of graphene nanoplatelets on polyurethane block copolymers film for electroactive shape memory devices
Authors: Valentini Luca , Cardinali Marta , Kenny Josè 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe report a transferring method of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on polyurethane (PU) block copolymers film. We polymerized PU block copolymer films, and then, a GNP layer, deposited on glossy paper by drop casting, was transferred by hot press from the glossy surface to the synthetized PU substrate. Nanoindentation test showed that GNP coated PU substrate exhibits improved mechanical properties with respect to the neat PU film. When an electric bias was applied to the GNP coating, the heat generated by Joule effect was transferred to the PU substrate showing an electroactive shape recovery effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1100–1106
Adolescent bisphenol‐A exposure decreases dendritic spine density: Role of sex and age
Authors: Bowman Rachel E. , Luine Victoria , Khandaker Hameda , Villafane Joseph J. , Frankfurt Maya 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBisphenol‐A (BPA), a common environmental endocrine disruptor, modulates estrogenic, androgenic, and antiandrogenic effects throughout the lifespan. We recently showed that low dose BPA exposure during adolescence increases anxiety and impairs spatial memory independent of sex. In this study, six week old Sprague Dawley rats (n = 24 males, n = 24 females) received daily subcutaneous injections (40 µg/kg bodyweight) of BPA or vehicle for one week. Serum corticosterone levels in response to a 1 h restraint stress and spine density were examined at age 7 (cohort 1) and 11 (cohort 2) weeks. Adolescent BPA exposure did not alter stress dependent corticosterone responses but decreased spine density on apical and basal dendrites of pyramidal cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and hippocampal CA1 region (CA1). Sex differences in spine density were observed on basal dendrites of the mPFC and CA1 with females having greater spine density than males. This sex difference was further augmented by both age and treatment, with results indicating that BPA‐dependent decreases in spine density were more pronounced in males than females on mPFC basal dendrites. Importantly, the robust neuronal alterations were observed in animals exposed to BPA levels below the current U.S.E.P.A. recommended safe daily limit. These results are the first demonstrating that BPA given during adolescence leads to enduring effects on neural morphology at adulthood. Given that humans are routinely exposed to low levels of BPA through a variety of sources, the decreased spine density reported in both male and female rats after BPA exposure warrants further investigation. Synapse 68:498–507, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palmitic Acid and Oleic Acid Differentially Regulate Choline Transporter‐Like 1 Levels and Glycerolipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle Cells
Authors: Schenkel Laila Cigana , Bakovic Marica 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCholine is an essential nutrient required for the biosynthesis of membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Here we elucidate the mechanism of how palmitic acid (PAM) and oleic acid (OLA) regulate choline transporter‐like protein 1 (CTL1/SLC44A1) function. We evaluated the mechanism of extracellular and intracellular transport of choline, and their contribution to PtdCho and other glycerolipid‐diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG) homeostasis in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. PAM reduces total and plasma membrane CTL1/SLC44A1 protein by lysosomal degradation, and limits the choline uptake while increasing DAG and TAG synthesis. OLA maintains total and plasma membrane CTL1/SLC44A1, but increases PtdCho synthesis more than PAM. OLA does not increase the rate of DAG synthesis, but does increase TAG content. Thus, the CTL1/SLC44A1 presence at the plasma membrane regulates choline requirements in accordance with the type of fatty acid. The increased PtdCho and TAG turnover by OLA stimulates cell growth and offers a specific protection mechanism from the excess of intracellular DAG and autophagy. This protection was present after OLA treatments, but not after PAM treatments. The mitochondrial choline uptake was reduced by both FA; however, the regulation is complex and guided not only by the presence of the mitochondrial CTL1/SLC44A1 protein but also by the membrane potential and general mitochondrial function.
Assessing clinical outcomes of patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in addition to the Tokyo grading: A retrospective study
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chun , Chiu Yen‐Cheng , Chuang Chiao‐Hsiung , Chen Chiung‐Yu 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe management of acute cholecystitis is still based on clinical expertise. This study aims to investigate whether the outcome of acute cholecystitis can be related to the severity criteria of the Tokyo guidelines and additional clinical comorbidities. A total of 103 patients with acute cholecystitis were retrospectively enrolled and their medical records were reviewed. They were all classified according to therapeutic modality, including early cholecystectomy and antibiotic treatment with or without percutaneous cholecystostomy. The impact of the Tokyo guidelines and the presence of comorbidities on clinical outcome were assessed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. According to Tokyo severity grading, 48 patients were Grade I, 31 patients were Grade II, and 24 patients were Grade III. The Grade III patients had a longer hospital stay than Grade II and Grade I patients (15.2 days, 9.2 days, and 7.3 days, respectively, p < 0.05). According to multivariate analysis, patients with Grade III Tokyo severity, higher Charlson's Comorbidity Score, and encountering complications had a longer hospital stay. Based on treatment modality, surgeons selected the patients with less severity and fewer comorbidities for cholecystectomy, and these patients had a shorter hospital stay. In addition to the grading of the Tokyo guidelines, comorbidities had an additional impact on clinical outcomes and should be an important consideration when making therapeutic decisions.
The structure of mantle flows and stress fields in a two-dimensional convection model with non-Newtonian viscosity
Authors: Bobrov A.M. , Baranov A.A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The structure of mantle convection and spatial fields of superlithostatic pressure and vertical and horizontal stresses in the Earth’s mantle are studied in a 2D numerical model with non-Newtonian viscosity and heat sources. The model demonstrates a jump-like motion of subduction zones and reveals abrupt changes in the stress fields depending on the stage of slab detachment. The stresses decrease dramatically in the areas without slabs. The horizontal stresses σxx, superlithostatic pressure, and vertical stresses σzz in the part of the mantle lacking intense near-vertical flows are approximately equal, varying within ±6, ±8, and ±10 MPa, respectively. However, these fields are stronger in the areas of descending slabs, where the values of the above parameters are about an order of magnitude higher (±50 MPa). This result agrees with the current views of the oceanic slabs as the most important agent of mantle convection. We have found significant differences among the σxx, σzz, and pressure fields. The pressure field reveals both the vertical and horizontal features of slabs and plumes, clearly showing their long thermal conduits with broader heads. The distributions of σxx are sensitive to the near-horizontal parts of the flows, whereas the σzz fields reveal mainly their vertical substructures. The model shows the presence of relatively cold remnants of slabs in the lower mantle above the thermal boundary layer. Numerous hot plumes penetrating through these high-viscosity remnants, as well as the new descending slabs, induce intense stress fields in the lower mantle, which are strongly inhomogeneous in space and time.
Early Proterozoic postcollisional granitoids of the Biryusa block of the Siberian craton
Authors: Donskaya T.V. , Gladkochub D.P. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Wingate M.T.D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Comprehensive geochemical and geochronological studies were carried out for two-mica granites of the Biryusa block of the Siberian craton basement. U–Pb zircon dating of the granites yielded an age of 1874 ± 14 Ma. The rocks of the Biryusa massif correspond in chemical composition to normally alkaline and moderately alkaline high-alumina leucogranites. By mineral and petrogeochemical compositions, they are assigned to S-type granites. The low CaO/Na2O ratios (&lt;0.3), K2O ≈ 5 wt.%, CaO &lt; 1 wt.%, and high Rb/Ba (0.7–1.9) and Rb/Sr (3.9–6.8) ratios indicate that the two-mica granites resulted from the melting of a metapelitic source (possibly, the Archean metasedimentary rocks of the Biryusa block, similar to the granites in εNd(t) value) in the absence of an additional fluid phase. The granite formation proceeded at 740-800 °C (zircon saturation temperature). The age of the S-type two-mica granites agrees with the estimated ages of I- and A-type granitoids present in the Biryusa block. Altogether, these granitoids form a magmatic belt stretching along the zone of junction of the Biryusa block with the Paleoproterozoic Urik–Iya terrane and Tunguska superterrane. The granitoids are high-temperature rocks, which evidences that they formed within a high-temperature collision structure. It is admitted that the intrusion of granitoids took place within the thickened crust in collision setting at the stage of postcollisional extension in the Paleoproterozoic. This geodynamic setting was the result of the unification of the Neoarchean Biryusa continental block, Paleoproterozoic Urik–Iya terrane, and Archean Tunguska superterrane into the Siberian craton.
Lithospheric magnetic anomalies in the territory of Siberia (from measurements by the CHAMP satellite)
Authors: Abramova D.Yu. , Abramova L.M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The position of lithospheric magnetic anomalies, detected in total magnetic intensity and the vertical component of the magnetic field, has been determined for Siberia using data from the CHAMP satellite. The paper describes the technique for the satellite data processing and the ways of recognition of regional lithospheric magnetic anomalies from satellite-measured values of the total geomagnetic field, which are obtained from several sources (external and internal with respect to the Earth’s surface). Maps of magnetic-field anomalies of different scales have been constructed for several regions of Siberia depending on the method of areal averaging. The possible geologic and physical nature of the magnetic anomalies and their relationship with deep-seated crustal structures are considered. Preliminary interpretation of the magnetic-field maps shows that the anomalies are connected with the present-day large geologic and geophysical elements of the basement. The features of the lithospheric magnetic field, as a parameter reflecting the present position of tectonic structures and their physical properties, can be used for their contouring in combination with other geological and geophysical methods.
Paleomagnetism of the Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments of the Om’ basin (southern West Siberia)
Authors: Gnibidenko Z.N. , A.V. Levicheva N.N. Semakov 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the results of detailed paleomagnetic studies of the Paleogene–Neogene continental sediments stripped by borehole 8 in southwestern West Siberia (Russkaya Polyana district, Omsk Region), near the Kazakhstan frontier. According to the previous biostratigraphic data, the sediments under study formed from Rupelian to Ruscinian. The results of stepwise thermal demagnetization and alternating-field demagnetization were used to carry out a component analysis of natural remanent magnetization, which revealed characteristic (primary) remanent magnetization (ChRM). The compiled paleomagnetic section, which includes seven regional horizons and same-named formations (Oligocene Atlym, Novomikhailovka, and Zhuravka Formations and Neogene Abrosimovka, Beshcheul, Tavolzhan, and Novaya Stanitsa Formations), was compared with the Cenozoic polarity scale for the West Siberian Plate. This made it possible to assess the completeness of the geologic section of the Paleogene and Neogene continental sediments in borehole 8 and to record the magnetozones and their fragments missing from the magnetostratigraphic section (for some intervals, in absolute chronology). The comparison shows that the magnetostratigraphic section of the studied sediments at the edges of the Om’ basin is approximately twice shorter than that of the basin center.
Changes in the structures of mixed-layer illite–smectite during flooding of terrigenous oil reservoirs
Authors: Krinari G.A. , Khramchenkov M.G. , Rakhmatulina Yu.Sh. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A difference-spectrum method is proposed for the qualitative assessment of changes of illite–smectite structures accompanying the flooding of oil reservoirs. The method permits one to get an open system and reduce the application of procedures based on Markov’s chain formalism. A computer simulation is made to obtain spectra by subtracting the spectrum of an ethylene glycol-saturated sample from the spectrum of an air-dried preparation throughout the entire range of concentrations of illite and smectite components with a short-range order factor R = 0 or R = 3.
It has been established that only in the presence of filtration are the maximum and minimum of the spectra in the range of 12.5-9.4 Å complicated by a number of local extrema, whose position is specified by the structure of intermediate phases. The flooding process first involves mixed-layer phases with R = 0, leading to a partial segregation of the structures into phase with one and two networks of interlayer H2O. When the secondary mica particles break, phases with R = 3 appear along the boundaries of nanoblocks, first only with 1 H2O and then only with 2 H2O in labile interspaces. Their coexistence with the phases R = 0 in the sample proves the existence of percolation effects due to two-phase filtration in the porous medium. The fully flooded reservoir is always dominated by a mechanical mixture of illite–smectite phases of different nature with R = 0 and with different ratios of components. Transformation of mica that can drastically reduce oil production begins long before the appearance of flooding zones, which are revealed by standard logging methods.
Interplay of inertia and deformability on rheological properties of a suspension of capsules
Authors: Krüger Timm , Kaoui Badr , Harting Jens 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe interplay of inertia and deformability has a substantial impact on the transport of soft particles suspended in a fluid. However, to date a thorough understanding of these systems is still missing, and only a limited number of experimental and theoretical studies are available. We combine the finite-element, immersed-boundary and lattice-Boltzmann methods to simulate three-dimensional suspensions of soft particles subjected to planar Poiseuille flow at finite Reynolds numbers. Our findings confirm that the particle deformation and inclination increase when inertia is present. We observe that the Segré–Silberberg effect is suppressed with respect to the particle deformability. Depending on the deformability and strength of inertial effects, inward or outward lateral migration of the particles takes place. In particular, for increasing Reynolds numbers and strongly deformable particles, a hitherto unreported distinct flow focusing effect emerges, which is accompanied by a non-monotonic behaviour of the apparent suspension viscosity and thickness of the particle-free layer close to the channel walls. This effect can be explained by the behaviour of a single particle and the change of the particle collision mechanism when both deformability and inertia effects are relevant.
EISENSTEIN SERIES TO THE TREDECIC BASE
Authors: COOPER SHAUN , YE DONGXI 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe employ a modular method to establish the new result that two types of Eisenstein series to the tredecic base may be parametrised in terms of the eta quotients ${\it\eta}^{13}({\it\tau})/{\it\eta}(13{\it\tau})$ and ${\it\eta}^{2}(13{\it\tau})/{\it\eta}^{2}({\it\tau})$. The method can also be used to give short and simple proofs for the analogous cubic, quintic and septic theories.
From Shocks to Waves: Hegemonic Transitions and Democratization in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Gunitsky Seva 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhat causes democratic waves? This article puts forward a theory of institutional waves that focuses on the effects of systemic transformations. It argues that abrupt shifts in the distribution of power among leading states create unique and powerful incentives for sweeping domestic reforms. A variety of statistical tests reveals strong support for the idea that shifts in hegemonic power have shaped waves of democracy, fascism, and communism in the twentieth century, independent of domestic factors or horizontal diffusion. These “hegemonic shocks” produce windows of opportunity for external regime imposition, enable rising powers to rapidly expand networks of trade and patronage, and inspire imitators by credibly revealing hidden information about relative regime effectiveness to foreign audiences. I outline these mechanisms of coercion, influence, and emulation that connect shocks to waves, empirically test their relationship, and illustrate the theory with two case studies—the wave of democratic transitions after World War I, and the fascist wave of the late interwar period. In sum, democracy in the twentieth century cannot be fully understood without examining the effects of hegemonic shocks.
Enhancing selenium concentration in lentil (Lens culinaris subsp. culinaris) through foliar application
Authors: RAHMAN M. M. , ERSKINE W. , MATERNE M. A. , MCMURRAY L. M. , THAVARAJAH P. , THAVARAJAH D. , SIDDIQUE K. H. M. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYSelenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human and animal health. Globally, more than one billion people are Se deficient due to low dietary Se. Low dietary intake of Se can be improved by Se supplementation, food fortification and biofortification of crops. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris) is a popular cool-season food legume in many parts of the world; it is naturally rich in Se and therefore has potential for Se biofortification. An Se foliar application experiment at two locations and a multi-location trial of 12 genotypes at seven locations were conducted from April to December 2011 in South Australia and Victoria, Australia. Foliar application of a total of 40 g/ha of Se as potassium selenate (K2SeO4) – 10 g/ha during full bloom and 30 g/ha during the flat pod stage – increased seed Se concentration from 201 to 2772 μg/kg, but had no effect on seed size or seed yield. Consumption of 20 g of biofortified lentil can supply all of the recommended daily allowance of Se. After Se foliar application, cultivars PBA Herald XT (3327 μg/kg), PBA bolt (3212) and PBA Ace (2957 μg/kg) had high seed Se concentrations. These cultivars may be used in lentil biofortification. In the genotypic evaluation trial, significant genotype and location variation was observed for seed Se concentration, but the interaction was not significant. In conclusion, foliar application of Se as K2SeO4 is an efficient agronomic approach to improve seed Se concentration for lentil consumers and there is also scope for genetic biofortification in lentil.
Environmental impacts of the pork supply chain with regard to farm performance
Authors: RECKMANN K. , KRIETER J. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYLivestock production is increasingly facing consumer concern about the environmental impact of different production systems. In order to provide a detailed insight into the contribution of pork production, a life-cycle assessment (LCA) of average German pork production was performed. In this way, the global warming potential was estimated at 3·22 kg CO2-eq/kg pork, eutrophication at 23·3 g PO4-eq and acidification at 57·1 g SO2-eq. The functional unit was 1 kg pork as a slaughter weight. The analysis aimed at identifying those farm parameters which had most impact on the LCA results. For that purpose, a deterministic pig farm model was developed which reflected all the processes of a pig farm, while focusing on five distinct areas: general farm information, biological performance, basic feed data, manure management and resource use and emissions. In this way, it was possible to vary the level of performance parameters from farrowing (piglet losses and number of piglets born alive per litter) and finishing stage (lean-meat content, daily weight gain, animal losses and feed conversion ratio). The number of piglets born alive, the lean-meat content and the feed conversion ratio were identified as having the greatest influence on the results. In comparison with average pork production, the values of the impact categories increased and decreased by up to 4·7%. The results show that the fertility of sows and the feed management of finishers should be optimized to mitigate environmental impacts at pig farm level.