bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating governance processes in the sharing of revenues from wildlife tourism and hunting in Ethiopia
Authors: YITBAREK T. W. , TADIE DEGU , TIMER GIRMA , FISCHER ANKE 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYSharing of benefits from nature conservation is widely regarded as a way to enhance local residents’ support for protected areas. While in past years, the effectiveness of such approaches has been investigated in detail, governance processes underpinning benefit sharing have received less attention. This study examines the legislation and implementation practice of a revenue sharing scheme in southern Ethiopia, an area that is currently undergoing substantial social and environmental changes that threaten livelihoods and ecosystems. Based on qualitative data from interviews, group discussions and workshops, four main areas of shortcomings in the current legislation and implementation practice were identified: information provision; imbalanced roles and responsibilities; compromised accountability; and the lack of connection between revenue and wildlife tourism in the minds of the recipients. While some of these factors fostered misunderstandings and misuse of the monies, others meant that even where revenue was disbursed it was not connected with wildlife conservation, and thus did not have the intended effect. A comparison between these factors and those in the literature on the evaluation of comanagement arrangements revealed substantial overlap. Revenue sharing may be regarded as part of the comanagement of wildlife areas, but to be successful the management of these areas needs to be shared, and not just the financial benefits.
Growth factor receptor-bound protein 14: a potential new gene associated with oocyte competence
Authors: Rosa Paulo Roberto Antunes , Bohrer Rodrigo Camponogara , De Cesaro Matheus Pedrotti , Gutierrez Karina , Ferreira Rogério , Pereira Gabriel Ribas , Oliveira João Francisco Coelho , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe Grb14 protein is a member of the Grb7 protein family. This protein family acts by binding to tyrosine kinase receptors, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation. There is evidence of the involvement of tyrosine kinase factors in the bovine oocyte maturation process. However, Grb14 has not been studied for bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). The aim of the present study was to characterize Grb14 mRNA expression in bovine COCs during follicular development. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression of Grb14 mRNA is not regulated by estradiol. mRNA expression of Grb14 was assessed in 480 COCs from follicles of different sizes (1–3, 4–6, 6–8 or >8 mm) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Grb14 mRNA expression decreased in COCs throughout follicular growth (P < 0.05). The role of estradiol in the expression of Grb14 mRNA in COCs was studied. Grb14 mRNA abundance did not differ in COCs cultured in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol or fulvestrant. In conclusion, we showed that Grb14 mRNA is downregulated in COCs during antral follicle development, a finding that suggests a role for Grb14 in oocyte competence.
Screening miRNA and their target genes related to tetralogy of Fallot with microarray
Authors: Wang Xian-min , Zhang Kui , Li Yan , Shi Kun , Liu Yi-ling , Yang Yan-feng , Fang Yu , Mao Meng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOur aim is to screen miRNAs and genes related to tetralogy of Fallot and construct a co-expression network based on integrating miRNA and gene microarrays. We downloaded the gene expression profile GSE35490 (miRNA) and GSE35776 (mRNA) of tetralogy of Fallot from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which includes eight normal and 15 disease samples from infants, and screened differentially expressed miRNAs and genes between normal and disease samples (cut-off: p < 0.05; FDR < 0.05; and log FC > 2 or log FC < −2); in addition, we downloaded human miRNA and their targets, which were collected in the miRNA targets prediction database TargetScan, and selected ones that also appeared in our differentially expressed miRNAs and their predicted targets (score >0.9) and then made a relationship of diff_miRNAs and diff_genes of our results. Finally, we uploaded all the diff_target genes into String, constructed a co-expression network regulated by diff_miRNAs, and performed functional analysis with the software DAVID. Comparing normal and disease lesion tissue, we got 32 and 875 differentially expressed miRNAs and genes, respectively, and found hsa-miR-124 with 34 diff_target genes and hsa-miR-138 with two diff_target genes. Then we constructed a co-expression network that contains 231 pairs of genes. Genes in the network were enriched into 14 function clusters, and the most significant one is protein localisation. We screened the tetralogy of Fallot-related hsa-miR-124 and hsa-miR-138 with their direct and indirect differentially expressed target genes, and found that protein localisation is the significant cause affecting tetralogy of Fallot. Our approach may provide the groundwork for a new therapy approach to treating tetralogy of Fallot.
Normalisation of left ventricular systolic function after change from VVI pacing to biventricular pacing in a child with congenital complete atrioventricular block, long-QT syndrome, and congenital muscular dystrophy: a 10-year follow-up
Authors: Ellesøe Sabrina G. , Reimers Jesper I. , Andersen Henrik Ø. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDevelopment of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with congenital complete atrioventricular block with or without pacemaker is well described. We report a case of dilated cardiomyopathy in a child with congenital complete atrioventricular block, long-QT syndrome, and VVI pacemaker. Temporary pacing in the right ventricular outflow tract demonstrated a 63% increase in cardiac output. After change to biventricular DDD pacing, left ventricular systolic function and diastolic dimensions normalised.
Nutritional contribution of street foods to the diet of people in developing countries: a systematic review
Authors: Steyn Nelia Patricia , Mchiza Zandile , Hill Jillian , Davids Yul Derek , Venter Irma , Hinrichsen Enid , Opperman Maretha , Rumbelow Julien , Jacobs Peter 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review studies examining the nutritional value of street foods and their contribution to the diet of consumers in developing countries.DesignThe electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Proquest Health and Science Direct were searched for articles on street foods in developing countries that included findings on nutritional value.ResultsFrom a total of 639 articles, twenty-three studies were retained since they met the inclusion criteria. In summary, daily energy intake from street foods in adults ranged from 13 % to 50 % of energy and in children from 13 % to 40 % of energy. Although the amounts differed from place to place, even at the lowest values of the percentage of energy intake range, energy from street foods made a significant contribution to the diet. Furthermore, the majority of studies suggest that street foods contributed significantly to the daily intake of protein, often at 50 % of the RDA. The data on fat and carbohydrate intakes are of some concern because of the assumed high contribution of street foods to the total intakes of fat, trans-fat, salt and sugar in numerous studies and their possible role in the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Few studies have provided data on the intake of micronutrients, but these tended to be high for Fe and vitamin A while low for Ca and thiamin.ConclusionsStreet foods make a significant contribution to energy and protein intakes of people in developing countries and their use should be encouraged if they are healthy traditional foods.
Are probiotics more efficacious than placebo at preventing radiotherapy-induced diarrhoea in adults with cancer
Authors: Suadoni Marco Tullio 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy often develop diarrhoea, causing distress and hindering treatment. As probiotics have favourable effects on the gut flora, they are potentially good candidates in the prevention of radiotherapy-induced diarrhoea (RID).PurposeThe outcome of interest of this systematic review was the efficacy of probiotics in preventing RID.Materials and methodsMedline and Embase databases were systematically searched. Four randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were finally selected.ResultsThree RCTs showed beneficial results, which were statistically significant. One RCT showed non-beneficial results, which were not statistically significant. The quality of the studies was mixed, and serious limitations were found.ConclusionWhile the indications are towards a benefit of the use of probiotics in preventing RID, more robust evidence is required in the form of well-designed RCTs.
Modelling an AC motor with high accuracy in a wide frequency range
Authors: Jia Kelin , Bohlin Georg , Enohnyaket Mathias , Thottappillil Rajeev 
Published: May 2013

This study presents a practical method to construct a high‐frequency equivalent circuit model for AC motors in Spice‐like simulation software. This model can be used to analyse the characteristics of the motor and predict the conducted electromagnetic noise in an adjustable speed drive system. The modelling is based on measured data of the impedance and vector fitting technique. The procedure of the modelling is elaborated in this study and verified by comparing simulated data with experimental data on a 200 kW induction motor in the frequency range from 10 kHz to 10 MHz. This modelling method can be extended to model other types of motors irrespective of the power rating of the motors. Applications of the motor modelling to study common mode voltage in the system and current oscillation in motor winding are presented.
Differential fault analysis on PRINTcipher
Authors: Bagheri Nasour , Ebrahimpour Reza , Ghaedi Navid 
Published: May 2013

The new block cipher PRINTcipher was introduced in CHES 2010 as a lightweight block cipher for ‘integrated circuit’ or IC‐‘printing’ technology. The key of PRINTcipher consist of two sub‐key components where the first sub‐key is ‘XORed’ to the state in each round, whereas the second sub‐key is used to generate the key‐dependent permutations. In this study, the authors describe a new differential fault analysis on the lightweight block cipher PRINTcipher. The authors present two different fault models for obtaining each sub‐key. The first fault model is used to obtain the second sub‐key, which induces a fault on the key‐dependent permutation layer so, on average, key search space is reduced from 232 to 214, given 36 faulty cipher texts. To obtain the first sub‐key, the authors induce a fault on an intermediate results then they obtain, on average, 42 bits of the first sub‐key with less than 24 faulty cipher texts. In total, on average, they reduce key search space of PRINTcipher from 280 to 220, given 60 faulty cipher texts. They also simulated their attack on a 1.8 GHz Celeron PC.
Pre‐sizing methodology of DC–AC converters using a virtual prototyping tool applied to sequential multi‐load systems
Authors: Ledoux Christophe , Lefranc Pierre , Larouci Cherif 
Published: May 2013

The increasing need for higher efficiency, weight and volume reduction in embedded applications is a starting point of this study which focuses on a pre‐sizing methodology of power converters based on virtual prototyping tools to avoid physical prototypes. From a general point of view, the mutualisation of a three‐phase inverter with the help of a power sharing system is introduced. The proposed design approach optimises N inverters and a {one inverter + N‐power sharing system} topologies based on a generalised modelling and a virtual prototyping tool. The presented results based on a 3 kW–270 V DC bus application show that in addition to the switching frequency and the ambient temperature, the number of sequential loads is also a key of the optimisation parameters. Therefore the proposed methodology based on an optimisation process allows the power designers to compare N inverters and {one inverter + N‐power sharing system} as a function of the load number N.
Single‐phase 9‐level hybridised cascaded multilevel inverter
Authors: Odeh Charles I. , Nnadi Damian B.N. 
Published: May 2013

This study proposes a single‐phase, 9‐level, cascade multilevel inverter topology. The multicarrier, phase disposition pulse width modulation scheme is employed to generate the gating signals for the power switches. Operational principles with switching functions are given. By controlling the modulation index, the desired number of levels: 3, 5, 7 and 9, of the inverter's output voltage can be achieved. For modulation indices of: 0.24, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8, the proposed inverter configuration was subjected to an R–L load and the respective numbers of output voltage level were synthesized. Fast Fourier transform analyses of the output voltage waveforms were carried out and the corresponding THD values were obtained. For a modulation index of 0.8, a THD value of 10.12% has been achieved in the output voltage waveform of the proposed inverter configuration. Comparison of the proposed inverter configuration and the classical single‐phase topologies is given based on the power circuit component count. Moreover, analysis of the conduction power losses in the power semiconductor switches of the proposed inverter topology is given. To verify the performance of the proposed inverter architecture, simulations and experiments are carried out on a 2.12 kW rated prototype of the proposed inverter for an R–L load; and adequate results are presented.
Primary side feedforward control for TRIAC dimmable light emitting diode driver with Constant Power
Authors: Zhang Junming , Jiang Ting , Zeng Hulong , Wu Xinke 
Published: May 2013

This study proposes a primary side feedforward control scheme for low‐power Triode AC semiconductor switch dimmable light emitting diode (LED) driver. The LED driver is a Flyback converter operated in constant frequency (CF) discontinuous current mode (DCM). With the proposed control scheme, the input power of the Flyback converter can be controlled by the TRIAC dimming angle, which is not affected by the AC input voltage. That is to say, the input power is constant with certain dimming angle. Besides, the output power is determined by the input power with a given conversion efficiency. For LED load, since the output voltage is almost constant, the output current can be regulated by TRIAC dimming angle without any secondary side feedback circuit. Almost linear dimming curve can be achieved. Also, the input current automatically follows the input voltage because of CF DCM operation, resistive input characteristic can be achieved and no dummy load is required for TRIAC dimming angle detection. Considering the LED forward voltage drop tolerance existed in the practical application, the related compensation method is also discussed in this study, which can further improve the performance of the proposed control scheme. A prototype with 27 V/0.5 A output and 180–265 V AC input has been built. Moreover, the experimental results from the prototype are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Efficiency analysis of a sliding‐mode controlled quadratic boost converter
Authors: López‐Santos Oswaldo , Martínez‐Salamero Luis , García Germain , Valderrama‐Blavi Hugo , Mercuri Daniel O. 
Published: May 2013

A quadratic boost converter with high DC gain to step up the voltage of a standard photovoltaic panel up to 400 V is analysed. First of all, a comparative analysis among boost, quadratic boost and cubic boost reveals that the quadratic boost exhibits the best trade‐off between duty ratio range and converter efficiency. A hysteretic comparator is employed as a modulator to ensure the converter operation with high values of the duty ratio without risk of modulation saturation. A two‐loop sliding‐mode control is used to regulate the output voltage. An internal loop controls cycle by cycle the input current whose reference is established by an outer loop that processes the output voltage error by means of a proportional‐integral compensating network. The measured results in a 100 W prototype operating in continuous conduction mode of average values, ripples, frequency and efficiency for different equilibrium points are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Zero‐voltage switching full‐bridge DC/DC converter with parallel‐connected output and without output inductor
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Shiau Tung‐Yuan 
Published: May 2013

This study presents a soft‐switching converter without output inductor. The features of the proposed converter are zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) for all power switches, load current sharing and high circuit efficiency. Full‐bridge converter with phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is adopted to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behaviour by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the resonant inductance, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The voltage stress of power switches is clamped to DC bus voltage. Four transformers are connected in series in the primary side. Each transformer can be operated as an inductor to smooth the output current or a transformer to achieve electric isolation and power transfer from input side to output side. Therefore no output inductor is needed in the secondary side. Two centre‐tapped rectifiers connected in parallel are used in the secondary side to achieve load current sharing. Finally, experiments based on a 960 W (48 V/20 A) laboratory prototype are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter.
Boost‐type inverter‐less shunt active power filter for VAR and harmonic compensation
Authors: Liu Quanwei , Deng Yan , He Xiangning 
Published: May 2013

Harmonics in power system caused by non‐linear loads degrade the power quality. As a result, shunt active power filters are widely applied to deal with current harmonics and poor power factor. However, the traditional voltage‐source inverter‐based active filters, which usually employ large electrolytic capacitors as the energy‐storage elements, cannot get much market penetration. An emerging technique that adopts the direct AC–AC conversion and even harmonic modulation can help to eliminate the bulky energy‐storage elements while realising the harmonic compensation and power factor correction functions. A three‐phase three‐wire boost‐type inverter‐less active power filter for power factor correction and harmonic compensation is presented. The proposed solution eliminates the bulky electrolytic capacitors. Meanwhile, smaller amount of AC capacitors are needed compared with the buck‐type AC–AC converters. Furthermore, continuous grid‐side current is obtained, which implies that no extra grid‐side filters are needed. Numerical calculation is applied to build the model, and the closed‐loop control algorithm employing the synchronous reference frame for power factor correction and multi‐harmonics compensation is also developed. The proposed topology and control algorithm is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and validated with a 15 kVA experimental prototype.
A Redundancy‐based scheme for balancing DC‐link voltages in cascaded H‐bridge rectifiers
Authors: Keshavarzian Ali , Iman‐Eini Hossein 
Published: May 2013

A new voltage balancing algorithm is introduced for cascaded H‐bridge rectifiers. This kind of converter is made of a series connection of H‐bridge cells with separate dc‐links. The proposed balancing algorithm will regulate the voltage of all dc‐links to the desired reference value, even if the attached loads are very different. The input current is also programmed to be sinusoidal and has low distortion, while the switching frequency is kept low at 1 kHz. In addition, the input power factor can be controlled. The simulation and experimental results are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed algorithm.
SU‐8 piezoresistive microcantilever with high gauge factor
Authors: Kok Siong Lee , Abdul Azid Ishak , Sidek Othman , Ibrahim Kamarulazizi , Devarajan Mutharasu 
Published: May 2013

Presented is an SU‐8 microcantilever sensor with integrated piezoresistors made of a mixture of SU‐8 polymer and silver nanoparticles. The resulting composite is a spin‐coatable and ultraviolet patternable conductive polymer, which can be easily incorporated with any SU‐8‐based microdevice. The microfabrication technique used in this work is based on adhesive bonding of the cantilever layers with the thick support base to obtain a three‐dimensional structures device, which is a cost‐effective and fast fabrication process. Based on the current–voltage (I –V) test, the fabricated piezoresistors exhibit a linear resistance characteristic with good conductivity. The gauge factor calculated from the deflection test was obtained to be as high as 26.3, demonstrating the capability for embedded SU‐8/Ag piezoresistors to improve sensitivity when using polymeric material as a sensor platform.
Surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis and tribological properties of flower‐like MoS2 nanostructures
Authors: Tang Guogang , Sun Jianrong , Chen Wei , Tang Hua , Wang Yijiang , Li Changsheng 
Published: May 2013

Flower‐like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanostructures with high purity were successfully synthesised via a facile surfactant‐assisted hydrothermal route. The structure and morphology of the as‐prepared products were characterised by X‐ray powder diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The influence of the surfactant and the pH value of the initial mixture on the formation of the MoS2 nanostructures was investigated. A possible evolutionary process of the flower‐like MoS2 nanostructures is proposed to explain the formation of various MoS2 nanostructures on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, the tribological properties of the as‐prepared MoS2 powders as additives in HVI500 base oil were investigated on an UMT‐2 multispecimen tribo‐tester. The topography of worn scars was obtained using a common SEM. It is found that the addition of MoS2 nanoflowers can improve the tribological properties of the base oil.
Differential piezoresistive sensing in a bulk‐mode micromechanical resonator
Authors: Wei Xueyong , Seshia Ashwin A. 
Published: May 2013

A report is presented on a differential piezoresistive sensing approach for transducing the motional response of bulk‐mode micromechanical resonators. High‐frequency bulk‐mode micoresonators have inherently high stiffness and demonstrate limited range of motion, which in turn presents challenges for the capacitive sensing method in the presence of large parasitic feedthrough. A differential piezoresistive sensing approach is implemented in this Letter to substantially reject the effects of parasitic capacitive feedthrough, leaving the response recovered directly from the measurement. With differential pick‐up, a 33 dB drop of feedthrough has been achieved and a resonant peak magnitude of 14 dB is obtained for a drain current of 1 mA, which is shown to be approximately 20 times higher than that obtained for the conventional piezoresistive sensing scheme. This method also enables a low DC voltage for capacitively driving the bulk‐mode resonator. As an example, a resonant peak magnitude of 5 dB is demonstrated using 3.55 mA drain current and 5 V DC driving voltage.