bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piece‐wise mixed integer programming for optimal sizing of surge control devices in water distribution systems
Authors: Skulovich Olya , Bent Russell , Judi David , Perelman Lina Sela , Ostfeld Avi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite their potential catastrophic impact, transients are often ignored or presented ad hoc when designing water distribution systems. To address this problem, we introduce a new piece‐wise function fitting model that is integrated with mixed integer programming to optimally place and size surge tanks for transient control. The key features of the algorithm are a model‐driven discretization of the search space, a linear approximation nonsmooth system response surface to transients, and a mixed integer linear programming optimization. Results indicate that high quality solutions can be obtained within a reasonable number of function evaluations and demonstrate the computational effectiveness of the approach through two case studies. The work investigates one type of surge control devices (closed surge tank) for a specified set of transient events. The performance of the algorithm relies on the assumption that there exists a smooth relationship between the objective function and tank size. Results indicate the potential of the approach for the optimal surge control design in water systems.
Rapid onset of mafic magmatism facilitated by volcanic edifice collapse
Authors: Cassidy M. , Watt S. F. L. , Talling P. J. , Palmer M. R. , Edmonds M. , Jutzeler M. , Wall‐Palmer D. , Manga M. , Coussens M. , Gernon T. , Taylor R. N. , Michalik A. , Inglis E. , Breitkreuz C. , Le Friant A. , Ishizuka O. , Boudon G. , McCanta M. C. , Adachi T. , Hornbach M. J. , Colas S. L. , Endo D. , Fujinawa A. , Kataoka K. S. , Maeno F. , Tamura Y. , Wang F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractVolcanic edifice collapses generate some of Earth's largest landslides. How such unloading affects the magma storage systems is important for both hazard assessment and for determining long‐term controls on volcano growth and decay. Here we present a detailed stratigraphic and petrological analyses of volcanic landslide and eruption deposits offshore Montserrat, in a subduction zone setting, sampled during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340. A large (6–10 km3) collapse of the Soufrière Hills Volcano at ~130 ka was followed by explosive basaltic volcanism and the formation of a new basaltic volcanic center, the South Soufrière Hills, estimated to have initiated <100 years after collapse. This basaltic volcanism was a sharp departure from the andesitic volcanism that characterized Soufrière Hills' activity before the collapse. Mineral‐melt thermobarometry demonstrates that the basaltic magma's transit through the crust was rapid and from midcrustal depths. We suggest that this rapid ascent was promoted by unloading following collapse.
Organic matter maturation in the contact aureole of an igneous sill as a tracer of hydrothermal convection
Authors: Wang Dayong , Manga Michael 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe intrusion of magmas can induce hydrothermal convection which in turn enhances the transport of heat and solutes. We use a heat convection model to interpret the temperature evolution documented by organic matter maturation, as recorded by the vitrinite reflectance Rr, in a contact aureole of a 15 m thick basaltic sill in the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) 41–368 hole near Cape Verde Rise, eastern Atlantic. Here there is a pronounced asymmetry of variations of Rr with distance above and below the sill that cannot be explained by heat conduction alone. Neglecting the effects of possible two‐phase flow and thermal pressurization from the production of fluids, convection begins to enhance the observed asymmetry for permeabilities greater than about 1 md, and the observations can be matched with permeabilities of at least several tens of millidarcies.
Polarization signatures and brightness temperatures caused by horizontally oriented snow particles at microwave bands: Effects of atmospheric absorption
Authors: Xie Xinxin , Crewell Susanne , Löhnert Ulrich , Simmer Clemens , Miao Jungang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study analyzes the effects of atmospheric absorption and emission on the polarization difference (PD) and brightness temperature (TB) generated by horizontally oriented snow particles. A three‐layer plane‐parallel atmosphere model is used in conjunction with a simplified radiative transfer (RT) scheme to illustrate the combined effects of dichroic and nondichroic media on microwave signatures observed by ground‐based and spaceborne sensors. Based on idealized scenarios which encompass a dichroic snow layer and adjacent nondichroic layers composed of supercooled liquid water (SCLW) droplets and water vapor, we demonstrate that the presence of atmospheric absorption/emission enhances TB and damps PD when observed from the ground. From a spaceborne perspective, however, TB can be reduced or enhanced by an absorbing/emitting layer above the snow layer, while a strong absorbing/emitting layer below the dichroic snow layer may even enhance PD. The induced PD and TB, which rely on snow microphysical assumptions, can vary up to 2 K and 10 K, respectively, due to the temperature‐dependent absorption of SCLW. RT calculations based on 223 snowfall profiles selected from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts data sets indicate that the existence of SCLW has a noticeable impact on PD and TB at three window frequencies (150 GHz, 243 GHz, and 664 GHz) during snowfall. Our results imply that while polarimetric channels at the three window channels have the potential for snowfall characterization, accurate information on liquid water is required to correctly interpret the polarimetric observations.
Isotopic evidence of weaning in hunter‐gatherers from the late holocene inLakeSalitroso,Patagonia,Argentina
Authors: Tessone Augusto , García Guraieb Solana , Goñi Rafael A , Panarello Héctor O 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACObjectives:The timing and duration of breastfeeding and weaning in past hunter‐gatherer populations are discussed based on the results of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses undertaken on a Late Holocene skeletal sample from Lake Salitroso in the Patagonian steppe (Argentina). Research in Lake Salitroso is part of a regional project that studies the relationship between hunter‐gatherer societies, their organizational systems and the environmental changes during the last 3,000 years in Patagonia.Methods:The sample included 52 individuals: 33 subadults and 19 adults of both sexes. They were recovered from 24 burial stone structures, locally called chenques, with dates ranging from ca. 800 BP to 350 BP. Ribs were selected for collagen extraction and measurement of13C/12C and15N/14N ratios.Results:A δ13C mean value of −18.7‰ ± 0.5‰ was obtained, with a range between −19.8‰ and −17.1‰ whereas δ15N recorded a mean of 11.9‰ ± 1.1‰ with a range between 10.1‰ and 14.8‰. δ15N data showed an age‐related pattern with particularly marked difference between values for subadults under the age of 4 and older individuals. As opposed to δ15N, δ13C showed little variation with age.Conclusions:An early incorporation of supplementary solid food between 0.75 and 2 years of age and a late cessation of breastfeeding at about 5–6 years of age were inferred. This suggests that among this Patagonian hunter–gatherer population weaning was a gradual and lengthy process. These results are consistent with the patterns observed in cross‐cultural studies and archaeological samples of hunter–gatherer groups. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:105–115, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive Action for Multi‐Agent Persistent Coverage
Authors: Franco Carlos , López‐Nicolás Gonzalo , Sagüés Carlos , Llorente Sergio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPersistent coverage with a team of agents refers to the task of covering an area where the coverage degrades with time. This is a dynamic task as opposed to the deployment problem. A key issue here is the coverage degradation that prevents the complete coverage fulfilment and requires persistence in the action. We propose a new method for persistent coverage where the agents' actions are computed in a partially distributed manner. The contribution is a control strategy based on variable coverage action and variable coverage range of the agents. This control provides adaptive behaviour in terms of actuator power and actuator domain in order to reduce the coverage error and energy consumption. The proposal is tested in simulation, showing clear improvement in terms of efficiency, flexibility, and scalability.
Interactive simulation of eigenmodes for instruction of finite element behavior
Authors: Lee Jae Young , Ryu Hee‐Ryong 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new approach to teaching and learning finite element behavior through the interactive simulation of eigenmodes, using a finite element analysis program with functions specialized for this purpose. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the stiffness matrix are interpreted in terms of displacement and strain energy modes representing the basic characteristics of an element or an assembly of elements.The eigenmode simulation progresses in connection with actual finite element analysis. The eigenmodes and corresponding model behaviors are simultaneously visualized. Thus, the implication of eigenmodes in the model behaviors can be perceived in association with the practical application of the finite element method. The visualization is updated instantly in response to the change of model type, element order, integration rule, and boundary constraints, etc. Such interactivity is an essential feature of the simulation process for the experimental study of eigenmodes and associated model behaviors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:872–886, 2015; View this article online at wiley onlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21659
Antivitamins for Medicinal Applications
Authors: Zelder Felix , Sonnay Marjorie , Prieto Lucas 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAntivitamins represent a broad class of compounds that counteract the essential effects of vitamins. The symptoms triggered by such antinutritional factors resemble those of vitamin deficiencies, but can be successfully reversed by treating patients with the intact vitamin. Despite being undesirable for healthy organisms, the toxicities of these compounds present considerable interest for biological and medicinal purposes. Indeed, antivitamins played fundamental roles in the development of pioneering antibiotic and antiproliferative drugs, such as prontosil and aminopterin. Their development and optimisation were made possible by the study, throughout the 20th century, of the vitamins' and antivitamins' functions in metabolic processes. However, even with this thorough knowledge, commercialised antivitamin‐based drugs are still nowadays limited to antagonists of vitamins B9 and K. The antivitamin field thus still needs to be explored more intensely, in view of the outstanding therapeutic success exhibited by several antivitamin‐based medicines. Here we summarise historical achievements and discuss critically recent developments, opportunities and potential limitations of the antivitamin approach, with a special focus on antivitamins K, B9 and B12.
Prostate contours delineation using interactive directional active contours model and parametric shape prior model
Authors: Derraz Foued , Forzy Gérard , Delebarre Arnaud , Taleb‐Ahmed Abdelmalik , Oussalah Mourad , Peyrodie Laurent , Verclytte Sebastien 
Published: May 2015

SummaryProstate contours delineation on Magnetic Resonance (MR) images is a challenging and important task in medical imaging with applications of guiding biopsy, surgery and therapy. While a fully automated method is highly desired for this application, it can be a very difficult task due to the structure and surrounding tissues of the prostate gland. Traditional active contours‐based delineation algorithms are typically quite successful for piecewise constant images. Nevertheless, when MR images have diffuse edges or multiple similar objects (e.g. bladder close to prostate) within close proximity, such approaches have proven to be unsuccessful. In order to mitigate these problems, we proposed a new framework for bi‐stage contours delineation algorithm based on directional active contours (DAC) incorporating prior knowledge of the prostate shape. We first explicitly addressed the prostate contour delineation problem based on fast globally DAC that incorporates both statistical and parametric shape prior model. In doing so, we were able to exploit the global aspects of contour delineation problem by incorporating a user feedback in contours delineation process where it is shown that only a small amount of user input can sometimes resolve ambiguous scenarios raised by DAC. In addition, once the prostate contours have been delineated, a cost functional is designed to incorporate both user feedback interaction and the parametric shape prior model. Using data from publicly available prostate MR datasets, which includes several challenging clinical datasets, we highlighted the effectiveness and the capability of the proposed algorithm. Besides, the algorithm has been compared with several state‐of‐the‐art methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cryptic or pseudocryptic: can morphological methods inform copepod taxonomy? An analysis of publications and a case study of theEurytemora affinisspecies complex
Authors: Lajus Dmitry , Sukhikh Natalia , Alekseev Victor 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInterest in cryptic species has increased significantly with current progress in genetic methods. The large number of cryptic species suggests that the resolution of traditional morphological techniques may be insufficient for taxonomical research. However, some species now considered to be cryptic may, in fact, be designated pseudocryptic after close morphological examination. Thus the “cryptic or pseudocryptic” dilemma speaks to the resolution of morphological analysis and its utility for identifying species. We address this dilemma first by systematically reviewing data published from 1980 to 2013 on cryptic species of Copepoda and then by performing an in‐depth morphological study of the formerEurytemora affiniscomplex of cryptic species. Analyzing the published data showed that, in 5 of 24 revisions eligible for systematic review, cryptic species assignment was based solely on the genetic variation of forms without detailed morphological analysis to confirm the assignment. Therefore, some newly described cryptic species might be designated pseudocryptic under more detailed morphological analysis as happened withEurytemora affiniscomplex. Recent genetic analyses of the complex found high levels of heterogeneity without morphological differences; it is argued to be cryptic. However, next detailed morphological analyses allowed to describe a number of valid species. Our study, using deep statistical analyses usually not applied for new species describing, of this species complex confirmed considerable differences between former cryptic species. In particular, fluctuating asymmetry (FA), the random variation of left and right structures, was significantly different between forms and provided independent information about their status. Our work showed that multivariate statistical approaches, such as principal component analysis, can be powerful techniques for the morphological discrimination of cryptic taxons. Despite increasing cryptic species designations, morphological techniques have great potential in determining copepod taxonomy.
Variation in the population structure between a natural and a human‐modified forest for a pioneer tropical tree species not restricted to large gaps
Authors: Silvestrini Milene , dos Santos Flavio Antonio Maës 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe distribution of tree species in tropical forests is generally related to the occurrence of disturbances and shifts in the local environmental conditions such as light, temperature, and biotic factors. Thus, the distribution of pioneer tree species is expected to vary according to the gap characteristics and with human disturbances. We asked whether there was variation in the distribution of a pioneer species under different environmental conditions generated by natural disturbances, and between two forests with contrasting levels of human disturbance. To answer this question, we studied the distribution patterns and population persistence of the pioneer tree species Croton floribundus in the size and age gap range of a primary Brazilian forest. Additionally, we compared the plant density of two size‐classes between a primary and an early successional human‐disturbed forest. Croton floribundus was found to be widespread and equally distributed along the gap‐size gradient in the primary forest. Overall density did not vary with gap size or age (F‐ratio = 0.062, P = 0.941), and while juveniles were found to have a higher density in the early successional forest (P = 0.021), tree density was found to be similar between forests (P = 0.058). Our results indicate that the population structure of a pioneer tree species with long life span and a broad gap‐size niche preference varied between natural and human‐disturbed forests, but not with the level of natural disturbance. We believe this can be explained by the extreme environmental changes that occur after human disturbance. The ecological processes that affect the distribution of pioneer species in natural and human‐modified forests may be similar, but our results suggest they act differently under the contrasting environmental conditions generated by natural and human disturbances.
Macroinvertebrate responses to distinct hydrological patterns in a tropical regulated river
Authors: Tupinambás Taynan H. , Cortes Rui M. V. , Hughes Samantha J. , Varandas Simone G. , Callisto Marcos 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the fundamental importance of reservoirs and dams for socioeconomic development, their presence results in large‐scale alterations to the natural flow regime of the rivers and profoundly influences aquatic processes and biodiversity. This study compared macroinvertebrate community composition and structure metrics, as well as biological and ecological traits to evaluate their dependence on inter‐seasonal and intra‐seasonal flows and water quality downstream of the Itutinga reservoir situated on Rio Grande in Brazil. The results demonstrated the utility of benthic macroinvertebrate abundance, density, richness, size, reproduction, locomotion and feeding modes to assess flow regime and water quality variability. Changes in the macroinvertebrate communities were closely associated with seasonal differences in parameters such as temperature, turbidity and nutrients, which were modulated by substrate particle size and heterogeneity. Modification of the flow regime, as a result of river regulation, influences the composition, structure and functioning of river ecosystems and is reflected in changes to the aquatic communities they support. The results of this study highlight the extreme complexity of the links between physicochemical, hydrological and biological processes in lotic systems and the need to better understand these links in order to develop and implement optimal environmental flow regimes in regulated rivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interrelationships among dry season leaf fall, leaf flush and transpiration: insights from sap flux measurements in a tropical dry deciduous forest
Authors: Iida Shin'ichi , Shimizu Takanori , Tamai Koji , Kabeya Naoki , Shimizu Akira , Ito Eriko , Ohnuki Yasuhiro , Chann Sophal , Keth Nang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe measured the sap flux densities of 12 deciduous trees in a tropical dry deciduous forest with high seasonality of available water located in Cambodia and evaluated the seasonal trends in transpiration and leaf phenology. For all trees, the minimum transpiration was recorded in the middle of the dry season, and almost all trees restarted transpiration before the first monsoon rain. The occurrence of the ‘paradox’ of leaf phenology was confirmed. During the dry season, transpiration was controlled by leaf phenology and decreased with an increase in the duration of the leafless period. In contrast, during the wet season, daily changes in transpiration were determined by changes in evaporative demand. Transpiration during the dry season accounted for more than 30% of the annual total among trees, and at the stand scale, the dry season contribution was 38%. The dry season transpiration was not negligible for the water balance in this ecosystem. The soil water condition in the shallow layer, where the main root system is located, was not the source of transpiration during the dry season. This implied that the root probably extended to a deep layer and absorbed water. The relationships between the mean canopy stomatal conductance and vapour pressure deficit revealed that most trees were isohydric. Isohydric behaviour controlling stomatal openness to avoid xylem hydraulic failure was also confirmed at the stand scale and was advantageous for these trees, allowing them to continue transpiring under the high evaporative demand during the dry season. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical presentation, management, in‐hospital and 90‐day outcomes of heart failure patients in Trivandrum, Kerala, India: the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai , Sanjay Ganapathi , Anees Thajudeen , Viswanathan Sunitha , Vijayaraghavan Govindan , Bahuleyan Charantharayil G. , Sreedharan Madhu , Biju Ramabhadran , Nair Tiny , Suresh Krishnan , Rao Ashok C. , Dalus Dae , Huffman Mark D. , Jeemon Panniyammakal ,   for the Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the presentation, management, and outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF) in Trivandrum, India.MethodsThe Trivandrum Heart Failure Registry (THFR) enrolled consecutive admissions from 13 urban and five rural hospitals in Trivandrum with a primary diagnosis of HF from January to December 2013. Clinical characteristics at presentation, treatment, in‐hospital outcomes, and 90‐day mortality data were collected. ‘Guideline‐based’ medical treatment was defined as the combination of beta‐blockers, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone receptor blockers in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).ResultsWe enrolled 1205 cases (834 men, 69%) into the registry. Mean (standard deviation) age was 61.2 (13.7) years. The most common HF aetiology was ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (72%). Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (≥45%) constituted 26% of the population. The median hospital stay was 6 days (interquartile range = 4–9 days) with an in‐hospital mortality rate of 8.5% (95% confidence interval 6.9–10.0). The 90‐day all‐cause mortality rate was 2.43 deaths per 1000 person‐days (95% confidence interval 2.11–2.78). Guideline‐based medical treatment was given to 19% and 25% of patients with LVSD during hospital admission and at discharge, respectively. Older age, lower education, poor ejection fraction, higher serum creatinine, New York Heart Association functional class IV, and suboptimal medical treatment were associated with higher risk of 90‐day mortality.ConclusionPatients hospitalized with HF in the THFR were younger, more likely to be men, had a higher prevalence of IHD, reported longer length of hospital stay, and higher mortality compared with published data from other registries. We also identified key areas for improving hospital‐based HF medical care in Trivandrum.