bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Living Optical Networks in Orchid Leaves as Inspiration for Light Harvesting and Redistribution in Soft, Curvilinear Material Formats
Authors: Guidetti Giulia , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlants and animals produce highly evolved, hierarchical systems that combine physicochemical material parameters with functional micro‐ and nanostructures to manage energy, motion, and species survival. These systems, besides providing cues on bottom‐up manufacturing of technological structures, can give insight on strategies for efficient energy management. Here is reported the observation of an optically interconnected network formed by the cells of the leaves of the Macodes petola jewel orchid that provides light harvesting and redistribution across its surface. The planar redistribution of light incident on the leaf is enabled by the distinctively rounded shape of the outer epidermal cells and by their arrangement in a short‐range ordered hexagonal lattice. Successful replication of a live leaf in a free‐standing biopolymer film validates the observation and opens avenues for the exploration of non‐traditional energy harvesting interfaces that are soft, conformal, and curvilinear.
Harnessing the Power of Nano‐Ferroelectrics: BaTiO3/MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Composites for Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Tian Miao , Lyu Jing , Su Ran , Zhang Xu , Wang Kexin , Lv Xiang , Zhang Dawei , Yang Shuo‐Wang , Yip John Hon Kay , Hao Zhongkai , Xu Guo Qin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D Ti3C2Tx MXene is a desirable electrode material for advanced lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the pursuit of high energy and power densities, owing to its extensive reactive area and surface‐induced pseudo‐capacitance. Here, a novel synergistic strategy for fortifying lithium storage capability is first proposed, by in‐situ anchoring BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles on few‐layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx) using a hydrothermal method. The uniform BaTiO3 nanoparticles effectively prevent the restacking of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, successfully deplete metastable Ti atoms, and intriguingly form a thin and well‐adhered solid electrolyte interface layer, enhancing the aggregation‐resistant, oxidation‐resistant, and electrochemical properties of Ti3C2Tx. Simultaneously, the internal electric fields, originating from the spontaneous polarization of BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles, can augment the adsorption of Li+, boosting the lithium storage capacity and reaction kinetics. The resulting composite electrode displays a remarkable charge capacity of 84 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, almost five times that of pristine Ti3C2Tx electrode. The excellent rate performance and cyclability make BT/f‐Ti3C2Tx composites highly attractive for LIBs. Furthermore, this synthetic approach presented here is scalable and can be extended to other Ti‐based materials. This strategy is expected to underscore the considerable potential of ferroelectric composites for integration into high‐performance LIBs.
High‐Specific‐Energy Self‐Supporting Cathodes for Flexible Energy Storage Devices: Progress and Perspective
Authors: Zhang Long , Zhou Kaixuan , Dai Xinke , Lu Changjun , Li Jun , Yang Yue , Huang Guoyong , Xu Shengming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of flexible electronics technology has led to the creation of flexible energy storage devices (FESDs). In recent years, flexible self‐supporting cathodes have gained significant attention due to their high energy density, excellent mechanical performance, and strong structural plasticity among various cathode materials. Flexible self‐supporting cathodes enable larger active material loading capacity and conductive networks for electrodes, thereby perfectly meeting the mechanical and electrochemical performance requirements of FESDs. Currently, the focus of flexible self‐supporting cathodes lies in exploring flexible substrates or novel binders to enhance the flexibility of conventional cathode materials. However, the flexibility of cathode poses challenges as they are primarily composed of transition metal oxides, resulting in limited research on their flexibility. A comprehensive review and prospective analysis are of utmost importance to effectively advance the progress of flexible self‐supporting cathodes and propel their development forward. Herein, the present discourse delves into the latest advancements concerning flexible self‐supporting cathode, focusing on synthesis methodologies, structural design approaches, and characterization parameters. Examining the current progress, the inherent advantages, existing challenges, and potential prospects of these materials are comprehensively elucidated and emphasized.
Size Confinement Strategy Effect Enables Advanced Aqueous Zinc–Iodine Batteries
Authors: Li Nana , Yang Zhangbin , Li Yong , Yu Dianheng , Pan Tao , Chen Yihao , Li Wenting , Xu Hengyue , Guo Xiaotian , Pang Huan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn–I2 batteries have considerable potential owing to their environmental friendliness and high safety. However, the slow iodine conversion kinetics and shuttle effect prevent their practical applicability. In this study, a series of Zn‐MOF‐74 rods with controllable diameters of 40–500 nm are facilely prepared, denoted as P1–P5. A size confinement strategy effect of Zn‐MOF‐74 derived porous carbon as iodine hosts is proposed to suppress the formation of undesirable iodine species, such as I3− and I5−. Moreover, the graphitization degree of porous carbon samples, including P2‐900, P2‐1000, and P2‐1100, play a critical effect on the iodine conversion kinetics. The P2‐1000 sample possesses a high conductive skeleton and abundant mesopores, which improve the adsorption ability toward iodine species. The electrochemical tests and the in situ technology reveal the size confinement strategy effect and the conversion mechanism of iodine. As a result, the I2@P2‐1000 cathode exhibits a superior discharge capacity of 179.9 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and exceptional long‐term cycle ability after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the soft batteries and the flexible quasi‐solid‐state batteries are capable of powering devices, promising to exhibit tremendous adaptability and realize flexible electronic devices in various scenarios.
Occupational inequalities in mortality from cardiovascular disease, 2020–2021
Authors: Hawkins Devan , Thomas Karina , Landsbergis Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years previous declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) have stalled. There are occupational risk factors for CVD mortality. This study seeks to examine inequalities in CVD mortality for working‐age adults in the United States by occupation.MethodsDeath certificate data for CVD deaths were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Occupation data from these death certificates were coded to major occupation groups. Using information about the number of workers employed in these occupations obtained from the American Community Survey, we calculated mortality rates and rate ratios (RRs), adjusted for covariates associated with CVD mortality.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment, workers in 11 occupations had significantly elevated RRs: food preparation and serving; construction and extraction; arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media; life, physical, and social science; farming, fishing, and forestry; legal; protective services; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; healthcare practitioners and technical; personal care and service; and community and social services.ConclusionsOccupation appears to be a significant predictor of CVD mortality. Further research is needed to assess how occupational risk factors contribute to changing trends for CVD mortality. Interventions are needed to address workplace risk factors for CVD.
Multimodal, Longitudinal Profiling of SCA1 Identifies Predictors of Disease Severity and Progression
Authors: van Prooije Teije H. , Kapteijns Kirsten C.J. , van Asten Jack J.A. , IntHout Joanna , Verbeek Marcel M. , Scheenen Tom W.J. , van de Warrenburg Bart P. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesSpinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Objective surrogate markers sensitive to detect changes in disease severity are needed to reduce sample sizes in interventional trials and identification of predictors of faster disease progression would facilitate patient selection, enrichment, or stratification in such trials.MethodsWe performed a prospective 1‐year longitudinal, multimodal study in 34 ataxic SCA1 individuals and 21 healthy controls. We collected clinical, patient‐reported outcomes, biochemical and magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers at baseline and after 1 year. We determined 1‐year progression and evaluated the potential predictive value of several baseline markers on 1‐year disease progression.ResultsAt baseline, multiple structural and spectroscopic MR markers in pons and cerebellum differentiated SCA1 from healthy controls and correlated with disease severity. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurofilament light (NfL) chain and CSF glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were elevated in SCA1. In longitudinal analysis, total brainstem and pontine volume change, inventory of non‐ataxia signs (INAS) count, and SCA functional index (SCAFI) showed larger responsiveness compared to the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA).Longer disease duration, longer non‐expanded CAG repeat length, and higher disease burden were associated with faster SARA increase after 1‐year in the SCA1 group. Similarly, lower baseline brainstem, pontine, and cerebellar volumes, as well as lower levels of N‐acetylaspartate and glutamate in the cerebellar white matter, were also associated with faster SARA increase.InterpretationOur results guide the selection of the most sensitive measures of disease progression in SCA1 and have identified features associated with accelerated progression that could inform the design of clinical trials. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:774–787
African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) masticatory apparatus and oral cavity morphology
Authors: Smith Heather F. , Rocco Felicia A. , Felix Mia A. , Valdez Dominik , Lynch Leigha M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAfrican wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are unique among canids in their specialized hunting strategies and social organization. Unlike other, more omnivorous canids, L. pictus is a hypercarnivore that consumes almost exclusively meat, particularly prey larger than its body size, which it hunts through cooperative, exhaustive predation tactics. Its bite force is also among the highest reported for carnivorans. Here, we dissected an adult male L. pictus specimen and conducted diffusion iodine contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (diceCT) scans to evaluate and describe its masticatory and oral cavity musculature. Muscles of mastication in L. pictus are separated by deep layers of thick intermuscular fascia and deep insertions. The superficial surface of m. masseter is entirely covered by an extremely thick masseteric fascia. Deep to m. masseter pars reflexa and superficialis are additional bellies, m. masseter pars profunda and zygomaticomandibularis. Musculus temporalis in L. pictus, divides into suprazygomatic, superficial, and deep bellies separated by a deep layer of thick intermuscular fascia, and it inserts along the entire rostral margin of the mandibular ramus. Musculus digastricus appears to comprise a single, large fusiform belly which appears to receive its innervation exclusively from CN V3 (nervus mandibularis, division of nervus trigeminus). Musculus pterygoideus medialis and lateralis are each composed of a single, deep belly. However, despite its great bite force, the jaw adductor muscle mass in L. pictus is not increased for its body size over other canid taxa. This finding suggests there are other architectural adaptations to hypercarnivory beyond increased muscle volume (e.g., pennation angle, greater strength, optimization of lever arms for mechanical advantage).
An in‐depth analysis of COVID‐19 treatment: Present situation and prospects
Authors: Islam Md Ariful , Pathak Kalyani , Saikia Riya , Pramanik Pallab , Das Aparoop , Talukdar Prasenjit , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit Kumar , Singh Udaya Pratap , Bhat Hans Raj 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) the most contagious infection caused by the unique type of coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), produced a global pandemic that wreaked havoc on the health‐care system, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Several methods were implemented to tackle the virus, including the repurposing of existing medications and the development of vaccinations. The purpose of this article is to provide a complete summary of the current state and future possibilities for COVID‐19 therapies. We describe the many treatment classes, such as antivirals, immunomodulators, and monoclonal antibodies, that have been repurposed or developed to treat COVID‐19. We also looked at the clinical evidence for these treatments, including findings from observational studies and randomized‐controlled clinical trials, and highlighted the problems and limitations of the available evidence. Furthermore, we reviewed existing clinical trials and prospective COVID‐19 therapeutic options, such as novel medication candidates and combination therapies. Finally, we discussed the long‐term consequences of COVID‐19 and the importance of ongoing research into the development of viable treatments. This review will help physicians, researchers, and policymakers to understand the prevention and mitigation of COVID‐19.
The Effect of a Default Nudge on Experienced and Expected Autonomy: A Field Study on Food Donation
Authors: Weijers Robert J. , Wachner Jonas , de Koning Björn B. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDefault nudges—making the desired option the standard option—are often criticized for hampering autonomy. However, laboratory research suggests this expectation of autonomy loss is not reflected in nudgees' experienced autonomy. In this study, we investigated whether this finding translates to a real‐world setting by implementing a default nudge to increase food donations in the supermarket (Experiment 1). Upon entering the supermarket, customers were asked to donate a food item for charity and were handed a shopping cart/basket that was empty (control) or contained a food item meant for donation (default nudge). Donations were collected after checkout, and customers rated their experienced autonomy of their choice to donate. We replicated this study and added a vignette condition portraying the default nudge to measure expected autonomy for the same situation (Experiment 2). The results show the default nudge reduced participants' expected autonomy but not their experienced autonomy, shedding new light on the relation between nudging and autonomy. Furthermore, this novel form of the default nudge was found to be successful in increasing food donations in the supermarket, further expanding the field where this nudge has been successful.
Orofacial clefts in Costa Rica, 1996–2021: Analysis of surveillance data
Authors: de la Paz Barboza‐Argüello María , Benavides‐Lara Adriana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOrofacial clefts (OFCs) are among the most common birth defects (BD). In 2008, a series of improvements began in the Costa Rican Birth Defect Register Center (CREC). We aim to explore trends between 1996 and 2021.MethodsA trend analysis of OFCs from 1996 to 2021 and a descriptive analysis of OFCs from 2010 to 2021 were performed based on data from the CREC, the national BD surveillance system. Prevalence at birth was calculated according to the type: cleft palate (CP), cleft lip with or without CP (CL ± P), and presentation (isolated, multiple non‐syndromic, or syndromes). We used joinpoint regression to identify if a significant change in trend occurred; the average annual percent change (AAPC) was determined. Marginal means and prevalence ratios by subperiod (1996–2009 as referent and 2010–2021) were estimated using Poisson regression and compared using Wald's chi‐square tests (α ≤.05).ResultsWe found a significant AAPC for OFCs prevalence of +1.4: +0.6 for isolated, +2.9 for multiple non‐syndromic, and +7.7 for syndromes (p < .05). When comparing the OFC's prevalence of the subperiod 2010–2021 (11.86 per 10,000) with 1996–2009 (9.36 per 10,000) the prevalence ratio was 1.3 (p < .01): 1.1 (p < .05) for isolated, 1.6 (p < .01) for multiple non‐syndromic, and 3.3 (p < .01) for syndromes. The prevalence of OFCs from 2010 to 2021 was 9.1 for CL ± P and 2.8 for CP. Seventy‐one percent of the OFCs were isolated, 22% multiple non‐syndromic, and 7% syndromes.ConclusionThe trend in OFCs' prevalence is toward increasing, mainly due to improvements in the surveillance system.
Analysis of Nonconcurrent Controls in Adaptive Platform Trials: Separating Randomized and Nonrandomized Information
Authors: Marschner Ian C. , Schou I. Manjula 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAdaptive platform trials allow treatments to be added or dropped during the study, meaning that the control arm may be active for longer than the experimental arms. This leads to nonconcurrent controls, which provide nonrandomized information that may increase efficiency but may introduce bias from temporal confounding and other factors. Various methods have been proposed to control confounding from nonconcurrent controls, based on adjusting for time period. We demonstrate that time adjustment is insufficient to prevent bias in some circumstances where nonconcurrent controls are present in adaptive platform trials, and we propose a more general analytical framework that accounts for nonconcurrent controls in such circumstances. We begin by defining nonconcurrent controls using the concept of a concurrently randomized cohort, which is a subgroup of participants all subject to the same randomized design. We then use cohort adjustment rather than time adjustment. Due to flexibilities in platform trials, more than one randomized design may be in force at any time, meaning that cohort‐adjusted and time‐adjusted analyses may be quite different. Using simulation studies, we demonstrate that time‐adjusted analyses may be biased while cohort‐adjusted analyses remove this bias. We also demonstrate that the cohort‐adjusted analysis may be interpreted as a synthesis of randomized and indirect comparisons analogous to mixed treatment comparisons in network meta‐analysis. This allows the use of network meta‐analysis methodology to separate the randomized and nonrandomized components and to assess their consistency. Whenever nonconcurrent controls are used in platform trials, the separate randomized and indirect contributions to the treatment effect should be presented.
Efficient application of Pyrosin B for nano‐gram level assay of antiparkinsonian medication, rasagiline: Evaluation of tablets and content uniformity
Authors: Abu‐hassan Ahmed A. , Mahdi Wael A. , Alshehri Sultan , El Hamd Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRasagiline (RAS) is a medication for Parkinson's disease that increases dopamine levels in the brain by inhibiting monoamine oxidase, helping to alleviate symptoms. The proposed study aims to develop an efficient, feasible, and sensitive method for RAS assay, utilizing Pyrosin B dye, a convenient fluorescent ligand. Combining the RAS analyte with Pyrosin B ligand in a mildly acidic buffered solution rapidly quenches the native fluorescence of the ligand. This quenching results from the formation of a specific ion‐dipole association complex between the lone pair‐bearing atoms of the ligand and the protonated amine moiety of RAS, highlighting their interactive chemistry under these conditions. The degree of this interaction demonstrated superior sensitivity compared with reported alternatives, exhibiting a linear range of 50.0 to 1000.0 ng/mL. The method is characterized by a limit of detection (LOD) of 16.0 ng/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 48.0 ng/mL. By optimizing the RAS‐Pyrosin B system, the variable parameters were finely tuned, ensuring the assay method's reliability. The method's accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness were validated according to International Council for Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, enabling precise and efficient analysis of RAS in the nanogram range. This method streamlines the analysis procedure and reduces environmental impact, making it a promising approach for the quality control of ParkintreatR tablets (1 mg) and other analytical applications.
Comprehensive phytochemical analysis of Salvia hispanica L. callus extracts using LC–MS/MS
Authors: Çelik Şenol , Dervişoğlu Gökhan , İzol Ebubekir , Sęczyk Łukasz , Özdemir Fethi Ahmet , Yilmaz Muhammed Enes , Yilmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Gülçin İlhami , Al‐Anazi Khalid Mashay , Farah Mohammad Abul , Zafar Muhammad , Makhkamov Trobjon , Khan Mueen Alam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this research, the study utilized the root, leaf, and petiole parts of in vitro grown Salvia hispanica plants as explants. Following UV‐C treatment applied to developing callus, methanol extracts were obtained and analyzed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to investigate their anticancer properties. First, the seeds of S. hispanica were soaked in commercial bleach for 6 min to ensure surface sterilization. The most effective antimicrobial activity on Gram‐negative bacteria, with a zone diameter (11 ± 0.82 mm), was noticed in callus extracts obtained from the petiole explant in the second protocol against Klebsiella pneumoniae EMCS bacteria. Anticancer activities on SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were investigated by using 1000, 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, and 78.12 μg/mL doses of the extracts, and the most effective cytotoxic activity was determined at the 1000 μg/mL dose of the extracts obtained from both protocols. The extracts were determined to inhibit hCAI, hCAII, AChE, and BChE enzymes. The content of 53 different phytochemical components of the extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Rosmarinic acid, quinic acid, and caffeic acid were found in the highest concentration. The comprehensive LC–MS/MS analysis of S. hispanica extracts revealed a diverse array of phytochemical compounds, highlighting its potential for therapeutic applications.
Process Optimization and Characterization of Polysaccharides with Potential Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activity from Cissus repens
Authors: Fu Yanfang , Hong Yajiao , Zhang Shaojie , Chen Jiaheng , Wu Guorong , Wang Guixiang , Zhang Qian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltrasound‐assisted extraction of Cissus repens polysaccharides (CRPs) was optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD). The maximum CRPs yield (16.18 %) was achieved under the optimum extraction conditions: extraction time 72 min, extraction temperature 74 °C, extraction power 240 W. Then three‐phase partitioning (TPP) method combined with gradient alcohol precipitation was used to obtained CRP20, CRP40, CRP60 and CRP80 from CRPs, and CRP80 has a higher purity than others. The primary chemical and structural characteristics of CRP80 were investigated by UV, FT‐IR, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high‐performance gel‐permeation chromatography (HPGPC). CRP80 is mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and mannose, with a molecular weights of approximately 2.95 kDa. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity and hypoglyceamic activity of CRP80 in vitro were evaluated. The results showed that CRP80 had strong scavenging activities on ABTS, hydroxyl and DPPH radicals, as well as high scavenging activities on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. Our research provided an efficient method for the extraction of polysaccharides from C. repens and CRP80 has potential as a promising source of natural antioxidants and hypoglycemic agent for the functional food and medicinal industries.