bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Color of the Cup on Consumers' Perception of a Hot Beverage
Authors: Piqueras‐Fiszman Betina , Spence Charles 
Published: August 2012

AbstractResearch has demonstrated that the physical attributes of the containers from which we eat and drink can influence our perception of various foods and beverages and the overall consumption experience. In the present study, we extended this line of research in order to investigate whether the consumer's perception of a hot beverage (namely hot chocolate) would be influenced by the color of the plastic vending cup from which it was served. To this end, 57 participants tasted four samples of hot chocolate from four cups of the same size but different color (red, orange, white and dark cream). The participants had to rate each sample of hot chocolate (two of which had been sweetened) on a number of sensory scales. The results revealed that orange (with a white interior) and dark‐cream colored cups enhanced the chocolate flavor of the drink and consequently improved people's acceptance of the beverage. By contrast, sweetness and chocolate aroma were less influenced by the color of the cup, but the results still showed that the hot chocolate, when consumed from the dark‐cream cup, was rated as sweeter and its aroma more intense.Practical ApplicationsThese results are relevant to sensory scientists interested in how the brain integrates visual input (such as color), not only from the food itself, but also from the container, packaging or plateware from which it is being consumed. In addition, these results should hopefully help stimulate chefs, restaurateurs and those working in the food and beverage packaging sectors to think more carefully about the color of their plateware/packaging and its potential effects on their customers' perception of the taste/flavor of the products that they happen to be serving/delivering to market.
Deterioration of a Tunisian coastal aquifer due to agricultural activities and possible approaches for better water management
Authors: El Ayni Foued , Manoli Eleni , Cherif Semia , Jrad Amel , Assimacopoulos Dionysis , Trabelsi‐Ayadi Malika 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality in a semi‐arid coastal environment (Korba, Tunisia). Impacts have been assessed through groundwater samples that were analysed for a range of chemical and biological parameters. Results indicate that groundwater overexploitation for irrigation and fertiliser use have affected the quality of the groundwater not only by direct contamination but also seawater intrusion. The implementation of appropriate regulatory and economic instruments to foster sustainable practices in the agricultural sector have been analysed within the framework of the EC (European Community) FP6 (funding program 6) INECO (Institutional and Economic Instruments for Sustainable Water Management in the Mediterranean Region) Project. Through stakeholder involvement processes, the project analysed issues relating to the regulation and control of groundwater abstractions, the promotion of wastewater reuse, efficiency improvements in irrigation water use, as well as instruments to strengthen the socioeconomic and institutional environment towards better managing and conserving available groundwater resources.
Degeneration of the Cerebellum in Huntington's Disease (HD): Possible Relevance for the Clinical Picture and Potential Gateway to Pathological Mechanisms of the Disease Process
Authors: Rüb Udo , Hoche Franziska , Brunt Ewout R. , Heinsen Helmut , Seidel Kay , Del Turco Domenico , Paulson Henry L. , Bohl Jürgen , von Gall Charlotte , Vonsattel Jean‐Paul , Korf Horst‐Werner , den Dunnen Wilfred F. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is a polyglutamine disease and characterized neuropathologically by degeneration of the striatum and select layers of the neo‐ and allocortex. In the present study, we performed a systematic investigation of the cerebellum in eight clinically diagnosed and genetically confirmed HD patients. The cerebellum of all HD patients showed a considerable atrophy, as well as a consistent loss of Purkinje cells and nerve cells of the fastigial, globose, emboliform and dentate nuclei. This pathology was obvious already in HD brains assigned Vonsattel grade 2 striatal atrophy and did not correlate with the extent and distribution of striatal atrophy. Therefore, our findings suggest (i) that the cerebellum degenerates early during HD and independently from the striatal atrophy and (ii) that the onset of the pathological process of HD is multifocal. Degeneration of the cerebellum might contribute significantly to poorly understood symptoms occurring in HD such as impaired rapid alternating movements and fine motor skills, dysarthria, ataxia and postural instability, gait and stance imbalance, broad‐based gait and stance, while the morphological alterations (ie ballooned neurons, torpedo‐like axonal inclusions) observed in the majority of surviving nerve cells may represent a gateway to the unknown mechanisms of the pathological process of HD.
Behavioural responses of lambs to plastic clips as an alternative procedure to mulesing
Authors: Hemsworth PH , Cronin GM , Barnett JL , Butler KL , Jongman EC , Karlen GA , Coffey A , Arnold NA 
Published: August 2012

ObjectiveCompare the effects on the behaviour of lambs of applying occlusive plastic clips, as an alternative procedure to surgical mulesing, with tail docking, surgical mulesing and a control treatment.ProcedureWe allocated 48 6–7‐week‐old Merino lambs to four treatment groups: plastic clips (Clip); surgical mulesing (Mules); tail docking with a rubber ring (Tail ring); no treatment (Control). For each posture and behaviour observed on each of the 4 days post‐treatment, a Dunnett's multiple comparison test was used to simultaneously compare the Clip treatment with each of the comparator treatments (Control, Tail ring and Mules treatments).ResultsMost of the significant differences (P < 0.05) detected between the comparator treatments occurred on day 1. For four of these measurements, the Clip treatment differed (P < 0.01) from the Mules treatment, but from not the Control and Tail ring treatments: the Clip lambs spent less time standing immobile not interacting with ground, hay or feeder, less time standing immobile head down not interacting with ground, hay or feeder, more time walking and more time interacting with ground, hay or feeder.ConclusionThese behavioural results, together with previous behavioural and physiological research, indicate that the effect on lamb welfare of applying occlusive clips is less than that of surgical mulesing.
Protein Phosphatase Activity and Acidic/Alkaline Balance as Factors Regulating the State of Phytochrome A and its Two Native Pools in the Plant Cell
Authors: Sineshchekov Vitaly , Koppel Larissa , Shor Ekaterina , Kochetova Galina , Galland Paul , Zeidler Mathias 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhytochrome A (phyA), the most versatile plant phytochrome, exists in the two isoforms, phyA′ and phyA′′, differing by the character of its posttranslational modification, possibly, by phosphorylation at the N‐terminal extension [Sineshchekov, V. (2010) J. Botany 2010, Article ID 358372]. This heterogeneity may explain the diverse modes of phyA action. We investigated possible roles of protein phosphatases activity and pH in regulation of the phyA pools' content in etiolated seedlings of maize and their extracts using fluorescence spectroscopy and photochemistry of the pigment. The phyA′/phyA′′ ratio varied depending on the state of development of seedlings and the plant tissue/organ used. This ratio qualitatively correlated with the pH in maize root tips. In extracts, it reached a maximum at pH ≈ 7.5 characteristic for the cell cytoplasm. Inhibition of phosphatases of the PP1 and PP2A types with okadaic and cantharidic acids brought about phyA′ decline and/or concomitant increase of phyA′′ in coleoptiles and mesocotyls, but had no effect in roots, revealing a tissue/organ specificity. Thus, pH and phosphorylation status regulate the phyA′/phyA′′ equilibrium and content in the etiolated (maize) cells and this regulation is connected with alteration of the processes of phyA′ destruction and/or its transformation into the more stable phyA′′.
Evaluation of Mindray BC‐3600 hematology analyzer in a university hospital
Authors: Shu G. , Lu H. , Du H. , Shi J. , Wu G. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe BC‐3600 Auto Hematology Analyzer (hereinafter call BC‐3600) is a quantitative, automated hematology analyzer and leukocyte differential counter for In Vitro Diagnostic Use in clinical laboratories.MethodsThe analyzer was evaluated and compared with the Mindray BC‐3200 3‐part differential (BC‐3200) and Sysmex XE‐2100 5‐part differential (XE‐2100) Hematology Analyzer in the hematology laboratory of a university hospital. The BC‐3600 was evaluated according to guidelines published by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH), and Department of Food and Drug Administration (FDA).ResultsThere were no background, minimal carryover (<0.5%), and excellent linearity for white blood cell (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb) level, red blood cell (RBC), and platelet (PLT) counts (r > 0.999). Precision was good at all levels for the routine cell blood count (CBC) parameters: CV% being ≤2.0, except for platelet count (PLT) at the low level with CV% of ≤5.0% and WBC at the low level with CV% of <3.0%. Correlation between the BC‐3600 and BC‐3200, XE‐2100 were excellent (r > 0.99) for all major CBC parameters.ConclusionIt is concluded that the overall performance of the BC‐3600 is excellent and compares well with that of BC‐3200 and XE‐2100.
Role for CTSAs in Leveraging a Distributed Research Infrastructure to Engage Diverse Stakeholders in Emergent Research Policy Development
Authors: Melvin Ann J. , Edwards Kelly , Malone Jason , Hassell Laurie , Wilfond Benjamin S. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper is a case study of our regional Clinical Translational Science Award's (CTSA) development of a coordinated response to the advanced notice of proposed rulemaking on Human Subjects Research Protections during the fall of 2011. Our CTSA was well positioned to quickly activate and coordinate a response to this important and time sensitive issue because we had established infrastructure and resources both within our CTSA and through our partnering institutions, existing relationships with key individuals in the institutions, and credibility as a trusted source of information. Three town hall meetings were organized and a Website was created to collect online comments. Ultimately, comments were collected, prioritized, and organized into a single, coordinated response. This case study demonstrates the value of a distributed research infrastructure and the role CTSAs like our Institute of Translational Health Sciences can play to engage the regional research community about important developments in the research landscape and to respond to requests for feedback to policy makers. Clin Trans Sci 2013; Volume 6: 57–59
High Density GWAS for LDL Cholesterol in African Americans Using Electronic Medical Records Reveals a Strong Protective Variant in APOE
Authors: Rasmussen‐Torvik Laura J. , Pacheco Jennifer A. , Wilke Russell A. , Thompson William K. , Ritchie Marylyn D. , Kho Abel N. , Muthalagu Arun , Hayes M. Geoff , Armstrong Loren L. , Scheftner Douglas A. , Wilkins John T. , Zuvich Rebecca L. , Crosslin David , Roden Dan M. , Denny Joshua C. , Jarvik Gail P. , Carlson Christopher S. , Kullo Iftikhar J. , Bielinski Suzette J. , McCarty Catherine A. , Li Rongling , Manolio Teri A. , Crawford Dana C. , Chisholm Rex L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractOnly one low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) genome‐wide association study (GWAS) has been previously reported in ‐African Americans. We performed a GWAS of LDL‐C in African Americans using data extracted from electronic medical records (EMR) in the eMERGE network. African Americans were genotyped on the Illumina 1M chip. All LDL‐C measurements, prescriptions, and diagnoses of concomitant disease were extracted from EMR. We created two analytic datasets; one dataset having median LDL‐C calculated after the exclusion of some lab values based on comorbidities and medication (n= 618) and another dataset having median LDL‐C calculated without any exclusions (n= 1,249). SNP rs7412 in APOE was strongly associated with LDL‐C in both datasets (p < 5 × 10−8). In the dataset with exclusions, a decrease of 20.0 mg/dL per minor allele was observed. The effect size was attenuated (12.3 mg/dL) in the dataset without any lab values excluded. Although other signals in APOE have been detected in previous GWAS, this large and important SNP association has not been well detected in large GWAS because rs7412 was not included on many genotyping arrays. Use of median LDL‐C extracted from EMR after exclusions for medications and comorbidities increased the percentage of trait variance explained by genetic variation. Clin Trans Sci 2012; Volume 5: 394–399
The study of weathering products of meteorites by means of evolved gas analysis
Authors: Stelzner Th. , Heide K. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract— Evolved gas analysis has been used to study the weathering of ordinary chondrites from Roosevelt County (western United States) and from the Sahara (Daraj, western Libya). An interpretation of the evolved gas analysis curves was possible by comparing the data measured on meteorites with the results of analysis on selected Fe minerals as well as chemically synthesised Fe compounds.The amount of H2O released over the temperature range from 25 °C to 400 °C, and the terrestrial age of the meteorites show a weak correlation. With a higher weathering grade (C,D) that is usually not any longer, H2 is evolved >1300 °C, and O2 is the dominant species in this temperature region. The amount of evolved CO2 and SO2 in different temperature ranges shows significant varieties between specimens from the two desert localities.
Geophysical research on the Kärdla impact structure, Hiiumaa Island, Estonia
Authors: Plado Jüri , Pesonen Lauri J. , Elo Seppo , Puura Väino , Suuroja Kalle 
Published: August 2012

Abstract— The 4 km wide and 500 m deep circular Kärdla impact structure in Hiiumaa Island, Estonia, of middle Ordovician age (∼455 Ma), is buried under Upper Ordovician and Quaternary sediments. To constrain the geophysical models of the structure, petrophysical properties such as magnetic susceptibility, natural remanent magnetization (NRM), density, electrical conductivity, porosity and P‐wave velocity were measured on samples of crystalline and sedimentary rocks collected from drill cores in different parts of the structure and the surrounding area. The results were used to interpret the central gravity anomaly of −3 mGal and the magnetic anomaly of −100 nT and also the surrounding weak positive anomalies revealed by high precision survey data.The unshocked granitic rocks outside the structure have a mean density of ∼2630 kgm−3. Their shocked counterparts have densities of ∼2400 kgm−3 at a depth of ∼500 m, increasing up to 2550 kgm−3 at a depth of 850 m. Porosity and electrical conductivity decrease, but P‐wave velocity increases as density increases away from the impact point. Thus, the gradual changes in the physical properties of the rocks as a function of radial distance from the crater centre are consistent with an impact origin for Kärdla. As in many other impact structures, the magnetization of the shocked rocks are also clearly lower than those of unshocked target rocks.A new geophysical and geological model of the Kärdla structure is presented based on geophysical field measurements and data on gradual changes in petrophysical parameters of the shocked target and overlying rocks, together with structural data from numerous boreholes. An important feature of this model is the lack of an observable geophysical signature of the central uplift observed in drillcores.
Uranium‐lead ages for lunar zircons: Evidence for a prolonged period of granophyre formation from 4.32 to 3.88 Ga
Authors: Meyer Charles , Williams Ian S. , Compston William 
Published: August 2012

Abstract The ages of a number of small fragments of lunar granophyre have been determined by the in situ U‐Th‐Pb isotopic analysis of zircon using a sensitive high mass‐resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP I). The zircon from lunar granophyre is characterized by consistently high U and Th contents (most 200–500 ppm and 100–300 ppm, respectively) compared to zircon from mafic lunar rocks. Some fragments of lunar granophyre are found to be as old as 4.32 Ga, supporting other evidence that the original lunar magma ocean crystallized completely within ∼200 Ma of the formation of the Moon itself. Other fragments are as young as 3.88 Ga, which is much later than the time of formation of most of the lunar crust. The older lunar granophyres have rare‐earth‐element (REE) patterns that are similar to lunar KREEP, whilst the younger granophyres have bow‐shaped REE patterns that feature a greater relative enrichment in the heavy REE. The wide range of ages of numerous lunar zircons, lunar granophyres and other rocks indicates that zircon‐forming magmatism in the lunar highlands was most active prior to 4.3 Ga but continuous until at least 3.88 Ga.The U‐Pb isotopic composition of much lunar zircon is near concordant, but the effects of isotopic disturbance as late as ∼1.0 Ga are observed in some zircon, both within granophyre fragments recrystallized by reheating and within fragments in which the original delicate silica‐K‐feldspar granophyric intergrowth is well preserved. It is therefore essential to make multiple analyses of individual zircon grains, and preferably analyses of suites of zircons from lunar igneous rocks if they are to be dated reliably by the U‐Pb method.It is possible that some of the younger lunar granophyres are the product of large‐scale silicate‐liquid immiscibility within late‐stage differentiates, but this remains unproven until remnants of demonstrably cogenetic, Fe‐rich, immiscible liquid are positively identified.
On the free radical scavenging activities of melatonin's metabolites, AFMK and AMK
Authors: Galano Annia , Tan Dun Xian , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe reactions of N1‐acetyl‐N2‐formyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AFMK) and N1‐acetyl‐5‐methoxykynuramine (AMK) with •OH, •OOH, and •OOCCl3 radicals have been studied using the density functional theory. Three mechanisms of reaction have been considered: radical adduct formation (RAF), hydrogen transfer (HT), and single electron transfer (SET). Their relative importance for the free radical scavenging activity of AFMK and AMK has been assessed. It was found that AFMK and AMK react with •OH at diffusion‐limited rates, regardless of the polarity of the environment, which supports their excellent •OH radical scavenging activity. Both compounds were found to be also very efficient for scavenging •OOCCl3, but rather ineffective for scavenging •OOH. Regarding their relative activity, it was found that AFMK systematically is a poorer scavenger than AMK and melatonin. In aqueous solution, AMK was found to react faster than melatonin with all the studied free radicals, while in nonpolar environments, the relative efficiency of AMK and melatonin as free radical scavengers depends on the radical with which they are reacting. Under such conditions, melatonin is predicted to be a better •OOH and •OOCCl3 scavenger than AMK, while AMK is predicted to be slightly better than melatonin for scavenging •OH. Accordingly it seems that melatonin and its metabolite AMK constitute an efficient team of scavengers able of deactivating a wide variety of reactive oxygen species, under different conditions. Thus, the presented results support the continuous protection exerted by melatonin, through the free radical scavenging cascade.
Unrecognized bronchial intubation associated with the uncuffed pediatric tracheal tube with bilateral Murphy eyes
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuna , Manabe Yozo , Kohjitani Atsushi 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundUnreliability of breath sounds auscultation after intubation is reportedly mainly related to the presence of the Murphy eye. This study was performed to ascertain whether an uncuffed pediatric tracheal tube with bilateral Murphy eyes increases the risk of unrecognized bronchial intubation, compared to an uncuffed tube without eyes.MethodsFollowing induction of anesthesia in 50 toddlers, either an uncuffed tube without eyes or an uncuffed tube with bilateral eyes was inserted into the trachea. The tube was then slowly advanced while breath sounds were auscultated using a stethoscope. In study 1, when breath sounds changed and disappeared, the distance from the carina to the tube tip was measured using a fiberoptic bronchoscope. In study 2, when breath sounds changed, the tracheal tube was withdrawn 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm while using a fiberoptic bronchoscope to ascertain whether bronchial intubation had occurred.ResultsWhen breath sounds changed and disappeared, the tip of the tube with bilateral eyes was positioned more deeply below the carina than that of the tube without eyes. When the tube was withdrawn 10 mm from the point at which breath sounds changed, frequencies of bronchial intubation were 13% and 80% in the no eyes and double eyes groups, respectively.ConclusionAn uncuffed pediatric tracheal tube with bilateral Murphy eyes reduces the ability of breath sounds auscultation to detect bronchial intubation and may increase the risk of unrecognized bronchial intubation compared to an uncuffed tube without eyes.
Formyl group modification of chlorophyll a: a major evolutionary mechanism in oxygenic photosynthesis
Authors: SCHLIEP MARTIN , CAVIGLIASSO GERMÁN , QUINNELL ROSANNE G. , STRANGER ROBERT , LARKUM ANTHONY W. D. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTWe discuss recent advances in chlorophyll research in the context of chlorophyll evolution and conclude that some derivations of the formyl side chain arrangement of the porphyrin ring from that of the Chl a macrocycle can extend the photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) of these molecules, for example, Chl d and Chl f absorb light in the near‐infrared region, up to ∼750 nm. Derivations such as this confer a selective advantage in particular niches and may, therefore, be beneficial for photosynthetic organisms thriving in light environments with particular light signatures, such as red‐ and near‐far‐red light‐enriched niches. Modelling of formyl side chain substitutions of Chl a revealed yet unidentified but theoretically possible Chls with a distinct shift of light absorption properties when compared to Chl a.