bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leaky integration during blindfolded walking along veering paths
Authors: Lappe Markus , Fontaine Claudia , Frenz Harald 
Published: November 2012

We compare travel distance estimation from path integration during walking with path integration from visual flow. For visually simulated self-movement humans typically underestimate travel distance, which can be explained by leaky path integration. The amount of leak, i.e., the underestimation, is determined by the length of the path. For visually simulated movements along curved paths that veer left and right around a central forward direction estimates of the start-to-end distance decrease as the veering, i.e., the path length increases. Leaky path integration for visual travel distance estimation thus takes place along the actually traversed path even when a straight beeline distance is calculated. We studied whether the same leaky path integration occurs during real self-motion when vestibular and proprioceptive cues are available instead of vision. Sixteen subjects walked blindfolded from a starting point to targets 20, 30 or 40 m away, guided by an experimenter. They walked either along a straight line, or along paths that deviated first to the right and then to the left (or vice versa) before they reached the end point. This increased the path length by 5, 10, 20 or 30%. Subjects then gave a verbal estimate of their beeline distance from the starting point. Like in the visually simulated case, distance estimates for the same start-to-end distance of 40 m dropped as the path length increased, consistent with the prediction of the leaky integration model. We conclude that travel distance estimation is similar for visual and for vestibular/proprioceptive cues.
Intra- and crossmodal refractory effects in auditory and somatosensory ERPs
Authors: Habets Boukje , Hense Marlene , Bottari Davide , Roeder Brigitte 
Published: November 2012

Refractory period effects are defined as a temporal decrement in neural response due to a previous activation of the same system. We varied the ISI and modality of a preceding stimulus to investigate overlapping and distinct neural systems processing auditory and tactile stimuli. Auditory stimuli and tactile stimuli were presented in a sequential, random manner with a duration of 50 ms and an ISI of 1000 or 2000 ms. The P1–N1–P2 complex of event-related potentials (ERP) was analyzed separately for auditory and tactile stimuli, as a function of preceding ISI and modality. Main effects of ISI and modality were found within the time-window of the P1 and P2 (auditory) and P1, N1 and P2 (tactile). These results suggest an overlap in underlying neural systems when stimuli from different modalities are being processed.
Updating expectencies about audiovisual associations in speech
Authors: Paris Tim , Kim Jeesun , Davis Christopher 
Published: November 2012

The processing of multisensory information depends on the learned association between sensory cues. In the case of speech there is a well-learned association between the movements of the lips and the subsequent sound. That is, particular lip and mouth movements reliably lead to a specific sound. EEG and MEG studies that have investigated the differences between this ‘congruent’ AV association and other ‘incongruent’ associations have commonly reported ERP differences from 350 ms after sound onset. Using a 256 active electrode EEG system, we tested whether this ‘congruency effect’ would be reduced in the context where most of the trials had an altered audiovisual association (auditory speech paired with mismatched visual lip movements). Participants were presented stimuli over 2 sessions: in one session only 15% were incongruent trials; in the other session, 85% were incongruent trials. We found a congruency effect, showing differences in ERP between congruent and incongruent speech between 350 and 500 ms. Importantly, this effect was reduced within the context of mostly incongruent trials. This reduction in the congruency effect indicates that the way in which AV speech is processed depends on the context it is viewed in. Furthermore, this result suggests that exposure to novel sensory relationships leads to updated expectations regarding the relationship between auditory and visual speech cues.
Preverbal infants experience sound-shape correspondences
Authors: Slater Alan M. , Lew Dina , Bremner Gavin , Walker Peter 
Published: November 2012

One of the most important crossmodal associations is between vision and sound, and we know that such bimodal information is of great importance in perceptual learning. Many crossmodal relationships are non-arbitrary or ‘natural’, and a particularly important case is object naming. While many object-name relationships are arbitrary, others are not. The clearest examples are known as onomatopoeia — the cuckoo and the kittiwake are named after the sounds they make. And a striking demonstration that such effects extend beyond onomatopoeic naming of familiar objects concerns shapes. When adults are shown two shapes, one angular and one with rounded contours, and given the words ‘Takete’ and ‘Maluma’ they will invariably associate ‘Takete’ with the angular shape, and ‘Maluma’ with the rounded shape. This effect was first described by Kohler in 1947, and there have been recent demonstrations of the effect with adults and young (3-year-old) children. Several researchers have suggested that these non-arbitrary associations may be of great importance in that they may influence and ‘bootstrap’ the infant’s early language development, particularly the learning of words for objects. If this is so, such associations should be present prior to language acquisition, and we describe three experiments which demonstrate such relationships in preverbal, 3–5-month-old infants, using random shapes, such as those in the figure, and angular and rounded face-like stimuli.
Natural correspondences: From ‘weak’ to ‘strong’ synaesthesia
Authors: Ward Jamie 
Published: November 2012

There is a structure to the associations found in people with synaesthesia: for instance, high pitch is small, bright, and high in space. The same correspondences exist in normal multi-sensory associations and manifest themselves implicitly as behavioural facilitation/interference on experimental tasks, and overtly when people are asked to ‘freely’ associate using imagery or metaphor. This has been termed weak synaesthesia; the implication being that it lies on a continuum with synaesthesia itself. In this presentation, I summarise evidence that compares multi-sensory associations from synaesthetes versus others. In addition to highlighting similarities, I also consider ways in which they differ. For instance, I propose that whilst the alignment of these associations is normally relative (e.g., 500 Hz could be bright when compared against 200 Hz but dark when compared against 1000 Hz) it is absolute in synaesthesia itself (i.e., 500 Hz has a non-relative level of brightness). Thus, there is similarity but not continuity between synaesthetes and others.
Monument Without Honor: Paolo Trubetskoi’s Alexander III and Its Critics
Authors: Kennedy Janet 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article focuses on Paolo Trubetskoi’s statue of Alexander III and the controversy surrounding it. Trubetskoi won the commission over other well-known sculptors thanks to his aristocratic origins, the approval of the imperial family, and his successful portraits of Lev Tolstoi and others. Through an analysis of the monument’s artistic value and its contemporary and subsequent reception, the article considers whether it was a failure, and if so why.
Vera Mukhina. From Avant-garde to Socialist Realism
Authors: Tsiara Syrago 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This article examines Vera Mukhina’s career as an unusual example of an avant-garde artist who became a leading exemplar of Socialist Realism, with her Worker and Collective Farm Woman (1937). The author argues for a re-examination of Socialist Realism, exploring not only its violent breach and discontinuities with the avant-garde, but also the links connecting these different art forms in their historical development.
Recognition performance differentiates between elderly patients in the long term course of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis and amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Müller Stephan , Saur Ralf , Greve Bernhard , Melms Arthur , Hautzinger Martin , Fallgatter Andreas J , Leyhe Thomas 
Published: November 2012

Background: Cognitive impairment is a common symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), but little is known about cognitive decline in patients in the long-term course of progressive MS. Because advancing age is the most significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), AD-related pathology must be considered in elderly patients with MS. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) represents the prodromal phase of AD with subjects showing memory impairment that does not improve with recognition testing. Objective: We sought to identify disease-dependent deterioration patterns by comparing elderly patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and with aMCI using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease test battery. Methods: This study included 120 age-, education- and gender-matched participants, including healthy controls ( n=40), SPMS patients ( n=40), and aMCI patients ( n=40). Results: Episodic memory deficits appeared in the long-term course of SPMS. Deficits were associated with deterioration of executive function, but not impairment of memory storage as recognition was preserved in SPMS in contrast to the patients with aMCI. Conclusion: Through neuropsychological testing, MS-related episodic memory impairment due to deteriorated executive function can be distinguished from AD-related encoding and storage deficits. Hence, neuropsychological testing may help to identify AD-related pathology in SPMS patients.
Leukotriene B4 receptor locus gene characterisation and association studies in asthma
Authors: Tulah Asif S , Beghé Bianca , Barton Sheila J , Holloway John W , Sayers Ian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphisms spanning genes involved in the production of leukotriene B4(LTB4) e.g.ALOX5APandLTA4Hare associated with asthma susceptibility, suggesting a role for LTB4in disease. The contribution ofLTB4receptorpolymorphism is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to characterise the genes for the two pivotal LTB4receptors,LTB4R1andLTB4R2in lung tissue and determine if polymorphisms spanning these genes are associated with asthma and disease severity.MethodsRapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to characterise theLTB4R1andLTB4R2gene structure in lung. TheLTB4R1/2locus on chromosome 14q11.2 was screened for polymorphic variation. SixLTB4Rsingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 370 Caucasian asthma families and 299 Adult Asthma Individuals (n=1877 total) and were evaluated for association with asthma and severity (BTS) outcome measures using Family Based Association Test, linear regression and chi square.ResultsLTB4R1has complex mRNA arrangement including multiple 5′-untranslated exons, suggesting additional levels of regulation. Three potential promoter regions across theLTB4R1/2locus were identified with some airway cell specificity. 22 SNPs (MAF>0.01) were validated across theLTB4Rlocus in the Caucasian population.LTB4R1andLTB4R2SNPs were not associated with asthma susceptibility, FEV1or severity.ConclusionsLTB4R1andLTB4R2shows splice variation in the 5′-untranslated region and multiple promoter regions. The functional significance of this is yet to be determined. Both receptor genes were shown to be polymorphic.LTB4Rpolymorphisms do not appear to be susceptibility markers for the development of asthma in Caucasian subjects.
Roles of microRNA on cancer cell metabolism
Authors: Chen Bing , Li Hongbin , Zeng Xiao , Yang Pengbo , Liu Xinyu , Zhao Xia , Liang Shufang 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Advanced studies of microRNAs (miRNAs) have revealed their manifold biological functions, including control of cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell death. However, it seems that their roles as key regulators of metabolism have drawn more and more attention in the recent years. Cancer cells display increased metabolic autonomy in comparison to non-transformed cells, taking up nutrients and metabolizing them in pathways that support growth and proliferation. MiRNAs regulate cell metabolic processes through complicated mechanisms, including directly targeting key enzymes or transporters of metabolic processes and regulating transcription factors, oncogenes / tumor suppressors as well as multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. MiRNAs like miR-375, miR-143, miR-14 and miR-29b participate in controlling cancer cell metabolism by regulating the expression of genes whose protein products either directly regulate metabolic machinery or indirectly modulate the expression of metabolic enzymes, serving as master regulators, which will hopefully lead to a new therapeutic strategy for malignant cancer. This review focuses on miRNA regulations of cancer cell metabolism,including glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and insulin production, lipid metabolism and amino acid biogenesis, as well as several oncogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, the challenges of miRNA-based strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics have been discussed.
Intestinal parasite infections in immigrant children in the city of Rome, related risk factors and possible impact on nutritional status
Authors: Manganelli Laura , Berrilli Federica , Di Cave David , Ercoli Lucia , Capelli Gioia , Otranto Domenico , Giangaspero Annunziata 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundParasitic diseases can represent a social and economic problem among disadvantaged people - even in developed countries. Due to the limited data available concerning Europe, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the presence of parasites in immigrant children and the risk factors favouring the spread of parasites. Subsequently, the possible correlation between nutritional status and parasitic infections was also investigated.FindingsA convenience sample of two hundred and forty seven immigrant children (aged 0–15) attending the Poliambulatorio della Medicina Solidale in Rome was examined. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, and parasitological and anthropometric tests were applied. Chi-squared test and binary logistic multiple-regression models were used for statistical analysis.Thirty-seven children (15%) tested positive to parasites of the following species:Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba coli, Giardia duodenalis, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoidesandStrongyloides stercoralis. A monospecific infection was detected in 30 (81%) out of 37 parasitized children, while the others (19%) presented a polyparasitism. The major risk factors were housing, i.e. living in shacks, and cohabitation with other families (p<0.01). Children classified in the lower height Z-scores had a significantly greater prevalence of parasites (30.9%) than the others (p<0.01).ConclusionsThis study shows that parasite infection in children is still quite common, even in a developed country and that children’s growth and parasitism may be related. Extensive improvements in the living, social and economic conditions of immigrants are urgently needed in order to overcome these problems.
Prevalence and Characteristics of Rib Fractures in Ex-preterm Infants
Authors: Lucas-Herald Angela , Butler Sandra , Mactier Helen , McDevitt Helen , Young David , Ahmed Syed Faisal 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to identify the prevalence and characteristics of rib fractures in ex-preterm infants.

METHODS:
Infants born at &lt;37 weeks’ gestation and admitted before 2011 to 3 regional neonatal units were identified from admission registers. For 2 centers, these data were available from 2000 onward and, for another center, from 2005. Electronic records were searched to identify chest radiographs performed up to age 1 year. Chest radiograph reports were then reviewed for evidence of rib fractures, and the case notes of all affected individuals were scrutinized.

RESULTS:
Of the 3318 eligible preterm infants, 1446 had a total of 9386 chest radiographs. Of these infants, 26 (1.8%) were identified as having a total of 62 rib fractures. Their median (range) gestation at birth was 26 weeks (23–34). The median chronological age of these infants at the time of the radiograph was 14 weeks (5 weeks to 8 months). The median corrected gestational age at the time of the radiograph was 39 weeks (34 weeks to 4 months). Of the 62 fractures, 27 (36%) were sited posteriorly, and 15 (53%) of the infants with posterior rib fractures were diagnosed with osteopathy of prematurity. Classic risk including conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and diuretics, were present in 23 of 26 (88%) infants. A full skeletal survey was performed in 8 of 26 (31%). Investigations for nonaccidental injury occurred in 4 of 26 (15%) cases.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence of rib fractures is present in ∼2% of ex-preterm infants. The evaluation of these fractures in infancy requires a detailed neonatal history irrespective of the site of rib fracture.
Continuous Versus Bolus Infusion of Doxorubicin in Children With ALL: Long-term Cardiac Outcomes
Authors: Lipshultz Steven E. , Miller Tracie L. , Lipsitz Stuart R. , Neuberg Donna S. , Dahlberg Suzanne E. , Colan Steven D. , Silverman Lewis B. , Henkel Jacqueline M. , Franco Vivian I. , Cushman Laura L. , Asselin Barbara L. , Clavell Luis A. , Athale Uma , Michon Bruno , Laverdière Caroline , Schorin Marshall A. , Larsen Eric , Usmani Naheed , Sallan Stephen E. 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Doxorubicin, effective against many malignancies, is limited by cardiotoxicity. Continuous-infusion doxorubicin, compared with bolus-infusion, reduces early cardiotoxicity in adults. Its effectiveness in reducing late cardiotoxicity in children remains uncertain. We determined continuous-infusion doxorubicin cardioprotective efficacy in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

METHODS:
The Dana-Farber Cancer Institute ALL Consortium Protocol 91-01 enrolled pediatric patients between 1991 and 1995. Newly diagnosed high-risk patients were randomly assigned to receive a total of 360 mg/m2 of doxorubicin in 30 mg/m2 doses every 3 weeks, by either continuous (over 48 hours) or bolus-infusion (within 15 minutes). Echocardiograms at baseline, during, and after doxorubicin therapy were blindly remeasured centrally. Primary outcomes were late left ventricular (LV) structure and function.

RESULTS:
A total of 102 children were randomized to each treatment group. We analyzed 484 serial echocardiograms from 92 patients (n = 49 continuous; n = 43 bolus) with ≥1 echocardiogram ≥3 years after assignment. Both groups had similar demographics and normal baseline LV characteristics. Cardiac follow-up after randomization (median, 8 years) showed changes from baseline within the randomized groups (depressed systolic function, systolic dilation, reduced wall thickness, and reduced mass) at 3, 6, and 8 years; there were no statistically significant differences between randomized groups. Ten-year ALL event-free survival rates did not differ between the 2 groups (continuous-infusion, 83% versus bolus-infusion, 78%; P = .24).

CONCLUSIONS:
In survivors of childhood high-risk ALL, continuous-infusion doxorubicin, compared with bolus-infusion, provided no long-term cardioprotection or improvement in ALL event-free survival, hence provided no benefit over bolus-infusion.
Health Care Provider and Caregiver Preferences Regarding Nasogastric and Intravenous Rehydration
Authors: Freedman Stephen B. , Keating Laura E. , Rumatir Maggie , Schuh Suzanne 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:Despite evidence supporting its use, nasogastric rehydration is rarely used in North America. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, 3-phase study to evaluate current perspectives.METHODS:We compared the proportions of respondents in favor of nasogastric (as opposed to intravenous) rehydration, should oral rehydration fail, between clinicians and caregivers. Phase 1: caregivers of children aged 3 to 48 months, who presented to a Canadian pediatric emergency department with symptoms of gastroenteritis, were invited to complete a survey. Phase 2: phase 1 participants administered intravenous or nasogastric rehydration had the procedure observed and outcome data recorded. Phase 3: pediatric emergency medicine physicians, fellows, and nurses completed a survey.RESULTS:Four hundred thirty-five children-parent dyads and 113 health care providers participated. If oral rehydration were to fail, 10% (47 of 435) of caregivers and 14% (16 of 113) of clinicians would choose nasogastric rehydration (difference = 3.4%; 95% confidence interval: −2.8 to 11.4). Caregivers were more familiar with the term intravenous than nasogastric rehydration (80% vs 20%; P &lt; .001). Sixty-four children (15%) received intravenous rehydration; none received nasogastric rehydration. Participating nurses have inserted 90 (interquartile range: 25–150) intravenous cannulas compared with 4 (interquartile range: 2–10) nasogastric tubes during the preceding 6 months (P &lt; .001). After a brief educational intervention, the proportion recommending nasogastric rehydration increased to 27% (117 of 435) among caregivers (P &lt; .001) and 43% (49 of 113) among health care providers (P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONS:In keeping with caregiver desires, health care providers in a Canadian emergency department employ intravenous rehydration when oral rehydration fails. Enhanced change management strategies will be required for nasogastric rehydration to become adopted in this environment.
Counseling in Primary Care Improves Depression and Quality of Life
Authors: Carta MG , Petretto D , Adamo S , Bhat KM , Lecca ME , Mura G , Carta V , Angermeyer M , Moro MF 
Published: November 2012

Introduction:To measure the effectiveness on Quality of Life of adjunctive cognitive behavioral counseling in the setting of General Practitioners (GPs) along with the treatment as usual (TAU;) for the treatment of depression.Methods:Six month-controlled trial of patients who were referred to randomly assigned GPs (four for experimental group of patients and ten for the control) was done. Experimental sample had 34 patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of Depression (Depressed Episode, Dysthymia, or Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood) receiving the TAU supplemented with counseling. Control group had 30 patients with diagnosis of Depression receiving only the TAU.Results:The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score improved in both groups. Patients in the experimental group showed greater improvement compared to the control group at T2. The World Health Organization Quality OF Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL) score also improved in the experimental group but not in the control group. The improvement in the experimental group was statistically significant in terms of both BDI and WHOQOL scores.Conclusions:Adding counseling to TAU in general medical practice settings is more effective in controlling the symptoms of depression and improving the quality of life as measured over a period of six months, than TAU alone. These results while encouraging, also calls for a larger study involving a largersample size and a longer period of time.
A comment on the analogous confinement of a neutral particle to a quantum dot via noninertial effects
Authors: Bakke Knut 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this contribution, we discuss the nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation for a neutral particle with a permanent electric dipole moment interacting with external fields in a noninertial frame. We show a case where the geometry of the manifold can play the role of a hard-wall confining potential due to noninertial effects, and can yield bound states analogous to a confinement of the spin-half neutral particle interacting with external fields to a quantum dot described by a hard-wall confining potential [33].