bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Expression of Genes Involved in Sex Steroid Hormone Metabolism in Prostate Tissue: A Need for Epigenetic Information
Authors: Jamie Ritchey  , Wilfried Karmaus  , Tara Sabo-Attwood  , Susan E. Steck  , Hongmei Zhang  
Published: August 2013

There is strong clinical and laboratory evidence indicating that sex steroid hormones are important to the development and progression of prostate cancer, yet results from epidemiologic research conflicts. Examining gene expression in the sex steroid hormone pathway may uncover differences between cancerous and non-cancerous prostate tissues, yet our review using a pathway-oriented approach indicates that there is limited consistency across results, with the exception of GSTP1 found in the estrogen pathway, which was under-expressed in cancerous prostate tissue. This agrees with past studies that reported GSTP1 is methylated in prostate cancer. With new cost-effective technology, we can screen for epigenetic markers, like methylation, which can be applied in epidemiological studies. A clearer understanding of gene expression and epigenetic mechanisms in prostate cancer may contribute to improving prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Salivary Diagnosis: Detection of Several Intracellular Enzymes in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus
Authors: Miricescu Daniela  , Totan Alexandra  , Calenic Bogdan  , Parlatescu Ioanina  , Mohora Maria  , Greabu Maria  
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease, presenting malignant potential. An association between chronic inflammation and initiation and progression of cancer has long been established. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and gammaglutamil transferase are intracellular enzymes associated with cell injury and cell death. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate changes of enzymatic activity of mentioned enzymes in saliva and serum of patients with oral lichen planus.
Materials and Methods: 20 patients with oral lichen planus and 20 healthy controls were included in the present study. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gammaglutamil transferase (GGT) were detected in both serum and saliva.
Results and Discussions: Salivary levels of ALP were decreased while LDH levels were increased in patients with oral lichen planus vs controls (p<0.05). At the same time GGT and AST levels were decreased (not significantly significant) in oral lichen planus patients and control groups. Serum levels of ALP were markedly increased while GGT was found decreased in patients vs. controls (p<0.05). AST and LDH were decreased but not significantly in oral lichen planus patients as compared to controls.
Conclusions: Our results reflect increased levels for salivary LDH and serum ALP in patients with oral lichen panus. Saliva can be used as a new diagnostic fluid to detect certain biomarkers such as enzymes in patients with oral lichen planus.
Efficacy of Chemiluminescence (ViziLite™) as a Screening Method in the Detection of Clinically Suspicious Oral Cancerous and Precancerous Lesions
Authors: Antonio Carrera Torres  , Ángel Martínez-Sahuquillo Márquez  , Javier Fernández Farhall  , María José Cobos Fuentes  , Isabel Gallardo Castillo  
Published: August 2013

Several screening techniques based on light interaction with tissue have been described to aid clinicians in the detection of early oral cancerous lesions. One of the most studied techniques is chemiluminescence. This method has been used in different studies but always by Oral Medicine specialists.
Objective: To evaluate the chemiluminescence system as a screening method in the detection of clinically suspicious cancerous and precancerous oral lesions when used by clinicians without an Oral Medicine Speciality.
Study Design: A total of 100 patients attending the Oral Medicine Unit at the Dental School of the University of Seville were enrolled. All patients were current smokers and were above the age of 40. The clinical examination was performed by dental students who were instructed in the location and recognition of potentially malignant oral disorders, using visual examination and the chemiluminescence test ViziLite Plus (Zila Pharmaceuticals, Phoenix, AZ, USA). To assess the validity of the chemiluminescence test as a screening method, a visual exam was performed by a specialist in Oral Medicine which was used as a gold-standard.
Results: Conventional oral visual examination by the Oral Medicine Specialist found 13 lesions suspicious for malignancy, out of which 7 were also detected using the chemiluminescence test. Furthermore, 87 patients were diagnosed as lesion-free, of which 49 obtained negative results during the chemiluminescence test and 38 patients had some sort of lesion. With these results, the test yielded a sensitivity of 0.56 and a specificity of 0.56. These results indicate values similar to other studies, in fact lower sensitivity values, possibly due to the lack of experience of the clinician.
Conclusions: The chemiluminescence test (ViziLite Plus) did not present any advantages in terms of cost-benefit compared to conventional examination as a screening method for cancerous and precancerous oral lesions.
Associations between arterial oxygen saturation, body size and limb measurements among high‐altitude andean children
Authors: Pomeroy Emma , Stock Jay T. , Stanojevic Sanja , Miranda J. Jaime , Cole Tim J. , Wells Jonathan C.K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe relative influences of hypoxia and other environmental stressors on growth at altitude remain unclear. Previous work demonstrated an association between peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and anthropometry (especially tibia length) among Tibetan and Han children at altitude. We investigated whether similar associations exist among Andeans, and the patterning of associations between SpO2 and anthropometry.MethodsStature, head‐trunk height, total upper and lower limb lengths, zeugopod (ulna and tibia) and autopod (hand and foot) lengths were measured in Peruvian children (0.5–14 years) living at >3000 m altitude. SpO2 was measured by pulse oximetry. Anthropometry was converted to internal z scores. Correlation and multiple regression were used to examine associations between anthropometry z scores and SpO2, altitude, or SpO2 adjusted for altitude since altitude is a major determinant of variation in SpO2.ResultsSpO2 and altitude show weak, significant correlations with zeugopod length z scores and still weaker significant correlations with total upper and lower limb length z scores. Correlations with z scores for stature, head‐trunk height, or autopod lengths are not significant. Adjusted for altitude, there is no significant association between anthropometry and SpO2.ConclusionsAssociations between SpO2 or altitude and total limb and zeugopod length z scores exist among Andean children. However, the relationships are relatively weak, and while the relationship between anthropometry and altitude may be partly mediated by SpO2, other factors that covary with altitude (e.g., socioeconomic status, health) are likely to influence anthropometry. The results support suggestions that zeugopod lengths are particularly sensitive to environmental stressors. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 25:629–636, 2013. © 2014 The Authors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gene x environment interactions impact endometrial function and the menstrual cycle: PROGINS, life history, anthropometry, and physical activity
Authors: Rowe Elizabeth J. , Eisenstein Toby K. , Meissler Joseph , Rockwell L. Christie 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesWe assessed the impact of a high frequency, functionally significant allelic variant of the progesterone receptor gene (PROGINS) on endometrial function and menstrual cycle characteristics. Further we asked whether PROGINS moderates the impact of life history characteristics, anthropometric measures, and physical activity on endometrial function.MethodsFifty‐two women were genotyped for the PROGINS variant, provided life history information, and had anthropometric measurements made. Women monitored their menstrual bleeding for three cycles, performed mid‐cycle urinary ovulation tests, and recorded physical activity. A subset of women provided daily saliva samples and had mid‐luteal endometrial thickness measurements taken during the third menstrual cycle. Salivary progesterone was assayed using ELISAs. The direct impact of PROGINS on endometrial and menstrual cycle characteristics was determined via independent t‐tests with Bonferroni correction. Interactions between PROGINS and covariates were assessed by moderated regression.ResultsPROGINS did not directly impact any indicator of endometrial function. However, PROGINS caused an increase in menstrual cycle length with increasing mid‐luteal progesterone levels; the opposite relationship was present in noncarriers (P < 0.05). Additionally, PROGINS interacted with four of six anthropometric measures (BMI, waist circumference, height, and waist‐hip ratio) to impact endometrial function, however, interactions between PROGINS and life history variables, or physical activity was limited.ConclusionsThe gene x environment interactions we report suggest that PROGINS alters endometrial sensitivity to maternal energetic condition. Thus, the possibility of genetically‐based variation in sensitivity to energetic stress should be considered in future adaptive models of women's reproduction. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:681–694, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Angelman syndrome in Denmark. Birth incidence, genetic findings, and age at diagnosis
Authors: Mertz Line Granild Bie , Christensen Rikke , Vogel Ida , Hertz Jens Michael , Nielsen Karen Brøndum , Grønskov Karen , Østergaard John R. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder caused by loss of expression of the maternal imprinted gene UBE3A on chromosome 15q11.2–q13. Clinical features of AS include severe intellectual disability, a happy disposition, ataxia, mandibular prognatism, and epilepsy. Our objectives were to examine the birth incidence of AS in Denmark and to characterize the size of the 15q11.2–q13 deletions with 1,000K array CGH. In addition, we analyzed genotype differences in regard to age at diagnosis and investigated the occurrence of deletions/duplications outside the 15q11.2–q13 regions. We identified 51 patients with genetically verified AS, which corresponded to a birth incidence of 1:24,580 (95%CI: 1:23,727–1:25,433). Thirty‐six patients showed a deletion; 13 had a Class I deletion and 20 had a Class II deletion. There was bimodal distribution of the BP3 breakpoint. Three patients had larger and atypical deletions, with distal breakpoints telomeric to BP3. Five patients had paternal uniparental disomy (pUPD) of chromosome 15, and four had a verified UBE3A mutation. Additional deletions/duplications outside the 15q11.2–q13 areas were demonstrated in half the participants. Six harbored more than one CNV. Mean age at diagnosis was 21 months (95%CI: 17–23 months) for children with a deletion and 46 months (95%CI: 36–55 months) for children with pUPD or a UBE3A mutation (P < 0.01). The presence of a CNV outside 15q11.2–q13 did not have an impact on age at diagnosis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidisciplinary treatment of disability in ehlers–danlos syndrome hypermobility type/hypermobility syndrome: A pilot study using a combination of physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy on 12 women
Authors: Bathen Trine , Hångmann Anett Bjørnødegård , Hoff Marie , Andersen Liv Øinæs , Rand‐Hendriksen Svend 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEhlers–Danlos Syndrome hypermobility type (EDS–HT) and joint hypermobility syndrome (JHS) are two overlapping heritable connective tissue disorders. Patients with these conditions have many and various complaints; limitations in performing daily activities, reduced muscle strength and proprioception, kinesiophobia, and pain. There is a lack of evidence‐based treatment approaches; a few studies have shown effect of physiotherapy. Many authors propose multidisciplinary treatment, but this has neither been described nor evaluated for this patient group. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate if a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program combining physical and cognitive‐behavioral therapy was feasible, safe and effective for 12 women with EDS–HT/JHS. Intervention was offered as a group program and consisted of three parts: (1) Two and a half week in a rehabilitation unit with testing, physical training, group discussions and lectures. (2) Individual home exercises for three months with weekly guidance by local physiotherapist. (3) Readmission four days for retesting and further training advice. All participants completed the intervention. We found significant changes in perceived performance of daily activities, significant increase of muscle strength and endurance and a significant reduction of kinesiophobia. There were smaller changes in self‐perceived pain. The participants also reported increased participation in daily life. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rheological and mechanical behavior of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets
Authors: Bayerl Thomas , Mitschang Peter 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPolymer–polymer materials consist of a thermoplastic matrix and a thermoplastic reinforcement. Recent research activities concentrate on the manufacturing of semi‐finished polymer–polymer materials in other shapes than the commercially available tapes and sheets. In particular, a pellet‐like form provides the possibility of processing the polymer–polymer material by injection and compression molding. Nevertheless, the thermoplastic reinforcement is vulnerable to excessive heat and the processing usually needs special attention. The current study investigates the processing of long‐polymer‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic pellets, namely polypropylene‐polyethylene terephthalate and a single‐polymer polyethylene terephthalate, by extrusion for subsequent compression molding applications. The flow characteristics of the material as well as the preservation of the polymer reinforcement can be handled by accurate temperature control. The tensile and impact properties decrease with increasing process temperature though. Moreover, the results prove that the use of a common long‐fiber reinforced thermoplastic process chain is applicable to the newly developed polymer–polymer material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39716.
P3HT : PCBM solar cells—The choice of source material
Authors: Ng Annie , Liu Xiang , Jim Wai Yan , Djurišić Aleksandra B. , Lo Kin Cheung , Li Sheung Yin , Chan Wai Kin 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBulk heterojunction solar cells based on P3HT : PCBM blend films are among the most intensively studied polymer solar cells. In spite of that, there is a huge variation of reported efficiencies in the literature, even for same device architectures and film preparation procedures. Here we investigated the influence of starting properties of P3HT and PCBM (different suppliers) on blend film morphology and device performance. We found that there was a strong dependence of the film morphology and device performance on the source of chemicals used. Both P3HT and PCBM affected the results, and higher nominal purity did not necessarily result in better device performance. The dependence of the film morphology and device performance on the properties of P3HT and PCBM is discussed in detail. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39776.
Bestimmung der Verkehrseinwirkung auf Brückentragwerke aus Messungen an Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktionen
Authors: Marx Steffen , von der Haar Christoph , Liebig Jan Peter , Grünberg Jürgen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDie Nutzungsdauer bestehender Brückenbauwerke wird neben Korrosionseinflüssen hauptsächlich durch die vorangegangenen, die gegenwärtigen sowie durch die prognostizierten ermüdungsrelevanten Beanspruchungen bestimmt. Diese resultieren in erster Linie aus den verkehrenden Schwerlastfahrzeugen. Voraussetzung, um Aussagen über die Zuverlässigkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit von Straßenbrücken treffen zu können, ist die realistische Abbildung der Einwirkungen aus dem Schwerverkehr. Informationen zur Schwerverkehrszusammensetzung, dem durchschnittlich täglichen Schwerverkehrsaufkommen sowie zu den Achs‐ und Fahrzeuggesamtgewichten können für einen festgelegten Standort mithilfe von Weigh‐In‐Motion‐Systemen ermittelt werden. Ein solches System, bestehend aus optischen und taktilen Messeinrichtungen, wurde an den Überbauten sowie an den Fahrbahnübergangskonstruktionen von zwei Bestandsbauwerken realisiert. An Auszügen aus den Mess‐ und Auswerteergebnissen wird dargestellt, dass der aktuelle Verkehr auch auf diese Weise quantifiziert werden kann.Identification of traffic loads by measurements at expansion jointsThe service life of existing bridges depends on the previous, present and predicted fatigue stresses. These are primarily caused by passing heavy gross vehicles. Prerequisite for statements about the reliability and durability are realistic load models of heavy traffic. Information about the heavy traffic conditions, the average daily traffic volume and the axle loads and gross vehicle weights of the heavy gross vehicles can be determined by Weigh‐In‐Motion systems. Such a system consisting of optical and tactile measuring devices has been realized at the superstructure and the expansion joint of two existing bridge structures. Extracts of the measurement and evaluation results will be presented to show that current traffic loads can also be quantified in this manner.
Minimierte Konstruktion – maximale Effekte
Authors: Meyer Ulf , Bechmann Roland , Noack Torsten , Bauer Michael , Letz Ulrich 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn Stuttgart wird ein neuer unterirdischer Bahnhof gebaut, der den Anschluss der Stadt an das wachsende europäische Hochgeschwindigkeitsnetz der Bahn erlaubt. Der Entwurf folgt ökologischen, ökonomischen und technischen Parametern und bietet Komfort und Sicherheit. Das Tragwerk zeichnet sich durch eine minimale Konstruktionshöhe sowie eine Reduzierung der Oberflächen und Querschnitte aus. Durch den intelligenten Einsatz natürlicher Energieressourcen entstehen keine CO2‐Emissionen. Das Tragwerk und die Belichtungskegel der Bahnsteighalle verzahnen die Bahnsteigebene mit der Garten‐ und Parklandschaft darüber. Weiträumige Blickbeziehungen und die Eleganz des Tragwerkes geben dem Hauptbahnhof seine unverwechselbare Identität. Die Form des modular aufgebauten Schalentragwerkes basiert auf einem umgekehrten Hängemodell. Analog zum Hängemodell werden die Kräfte zu großen Teilen über eine sehr effektive Schalentragwirkung abgetragen. Der Rand der Öffnungen wird mit einer statisch wie eine Bördel wirkenden, nach oben gewölbten Schale versteift. Der bestehende Bonatz‐Bau und der neue Hauptbahnhof werden zur Keimzelle des Stadtentwicklungsprojekts “Stuttgart 21” und zum Bindeglied von alter und neuer Stadt. Der Schlossgarten bleibt das grüne Herz Stuttgarts – der neue Hauptbahnhof erlaubt sogar eine Erweiterung. Der Park wird an Bedeutung gewinnen, wenn die Innenstadt durch die Bebauung der Flächen der jetzigen Bahngleise größer wird. Der Bonatz‐Bau wird zu einer Stadt‐Loggia mit seinem Turm als Wahrzeichen. Mit dem modernen Bahnhof und dem neuen Stadtteil “Stuttgart 21” wird der Stadt eine neue Mitte gegeben.Minimized structure – maximum benefits. About the design for the new main railway station in StuttgartA new underground central train station will allow for the integration of Stuttgart into the growing network of high‐speed rail traffic in Europe. It follows ecological, economic and technological parameters and provides comfort and security. Its structure is characterized by an elegant concrete‐shell construction. The intelligent use of natural energy resources avoids CO2 emissions. The structure and the lighting cones connect the platform level with the square and park above. Varied and broad views along with the elegance of the supporting structure give the station its unmistakable identity. The form of the modular shell supports is based on a reversed‐suspension model.The current railway station and the new underground station will be the nucleus of the new urban development of “Stuttgart 21” and will create an interface between the old and new city. The Schlossgarten (palace gardens) remains the green heart of Stuttgart and will only gain in importance as the city expands. Some of the existing rail yards will become part of the park. The historical station building will function as a loggia with its tower continuing to be a major landmark. The new station and the new urban district will give Stuttgart a new centre.
Berliner Gasometer
Authors: Bremer Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGasometer würde man heute als Infrastrukturprojekte bezeichnen. Sie dienten der Speicherung von Gas. Die englische Imperial Continental Gas‐Association errichtete ab 1900 in Berlin das Gaswerk Mariendorf mit dem hier beschriebenen Gasometer. Mit Beginn der Erdgasversorgung wurde das Gaswerk stillgelegt und zurückgebaut. Einige Bauwerke wurden unter Denkmalschutz gestellt, u.a. auch das Führungsgerüst des Gasometers. In den über 100 Jahren Standzeit ist der Korrosionsschutz lediglich durch Wiederholungsbeschichtungen bearbeitet worden. Der fortgeschrittene Schadensgrad erfordert nun eine Grundinstandsetzung. Aus konstruktiven und emissionstechnischen Gründen ist eine Oberflächenvorbereitung durch Strahlen nicht möglich. Deshalb werden die Oberflächen mit maschinell angetrieben Werkzeugen entschichtet. Die Beschreibung dieser eher unüblichen Vorgehensweise ist Schwerpunkt dieses Berichtes.Gasometer of Berlin – Overhaul of a listed guide rail steel structureIn today's terms, we would place a gasometer in the category of infrastructure projects. They were used to store gas. From 1900 onwards the English Imperial Continental Gas‐Association was erecting the gasworks Mariendorf with the gasometer that is described here. When natural gasoline was used for supply, the gasworks was closed and dismantled. Some of the buildings were listed also for example the guide rail steel structure of the gasometer. Over the last 100 years the corrosion prevention was merely maintained through over‐coating. The now advanced corrosion requires an overhaul. The preparation of the surface is not feasible with grid‐blasting, because of structural and emission related issues. Instead the surfaces are being stripped with mechanically driven tools. The focus of this essay is the description of this rather unusual method.