bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Sulfide Mineral Chemistry to Understand PGE Mineralization Processes in the Platreef, Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa
Authors: Mkhonto Sharlotte C. , Jugo Pedro J. , Leybourne Matthew I. , Grobler Danie F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Platreef in the Northern limb of the Bushveld Igneous Complex, South Africa, is a complex lithological unit containing significant PGE-Ni-Cu mineralization. Because the Platreef is characterized by intense magma–country rock interaction, there is no consensus regarding (a) whether crustal assimilation during emplacement triggered the mineralization processes and (b) its correlation in terms of mineralization processes with the PGE-rich Merensky Reef (Western and Eastern limbs of the Bushveld Igneous Complex). Understanding the mineralization processes (processes related to ore genesis) in the Platreef could help with the exploration of new deposits elsewhere. To answer these questions, we hypothesized that major and trace element contents in major sulfide minerals (pyrrhotite, Po; pentlandite, Pn; chalcopyrite, Ccp) from contaminated and little to non-contaminated intervals could be used to track different origins. Three suites of samples were used: (1) atypical samples intersected during deep drilling, showing high PGE grades with minimal evidence of country rock assimilation, followed by increasing assimilation with depth; (2) representative samples of the main orebody (the “Flatreef”); and (3) reference samples from the Merensky Reef. The data were acquired using electron-probe microanalysis and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results validate the hypothesis that sulfide mineral chemistry from contaminated and little to non-contaminated intervals can be used to track different geochemical processes. For instance, Se contents in sulfide minerals associated with mineralization are higher than in those associated with crustal assimilation and lower PGE grades. In contrast, Co contents in Po and Pn increase with crustal contamination. Thus, in the study area, Se/Co in Po and Pn are excellent indicators of the degree of country rock assimilation. Secondly, other trace elements (such as Ru in Po, and Pd in Pn) are significantly higher in intervals with high PGE grades and match the characteristics of reference samples from the Merensky Reef. These results, combined with recently available S and Sr isotopic data, constitute substantial evidence that PGE-Ni-Cu mineralization in the Flatreef and the Merensky Reef were likely caused by the same processes and from the same magmas. Assimilation of local country rocks during emplacement of BIC magmas in the Northern limb was therefore not the trigger of sulfide saturation.
Mengintegrasikan Siklus Pembelajaran Genre (Glc) Dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (Pjbl) Di Kelas
Authors: Martina Mulyani  , Susie Kusumayanthi  , Novandy Adhitya  , Emma Malia  , Iis Suryani Herdiah  
Published: August 2024

Abstrak. Pembelajaran GLC dan PjBL ini sudah popular dilaksanakan di sekolah menengah umum, akan tetapi ia masih jarang di gali di sekolah menengah kejuruan (SMSK) Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk membantu para guru pendidikan bahasa Inggris dalam menerapkan GLC dalam PjBL yang merupakan salah satu strategi pembelajaran dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Salah satu SMK di Garut terpilih untuk menjadi lokasi dimana model pembelajaran ini diterapkan. Diikuti oleh 27 siswa, model pembelajaran ini dilakukan dengan melalui tahapan Building knowledge of Field (BKOF), Supporting reading, Modelling/ Deconstruction, Joint construction, dan Independent user of Genre. Selama pelaksanaan model pembelajaran ini, siswa terlihat antusias mengikuti dan terlibat langsung dalam pemilihan materi pembelajaran, selain itu mereka juga memberi saran dan koreksi atas kalimat paraphrase yang dibuat temannya serta bersemangat untuk membuat bulletin di kelas pada pertemuan selanjutnya. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengintegrasian GLC pada pembeljaran berbasis projek (PjBL) di kelas, selain bisa mengoptimalkan waktu pembeljaran di SMK juga bisa mengoptimalkan kemampuan siswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris. Oleh karena itu diharapkan guru- guru SMK mempelajari lebih lanjut mengenai pembeljaran GLC.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Asam Sitrat Terhadap Lama Waktu Fermentasi Dan Kandungan Gizi Tempe Sorgum (Sorghum bicholor)
Authors: Samai Ulfiyah Rustam , Une Suryani , Ahyani Sakinah Dahlan 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian pemanfaatan biji sorgum sebagai tempe sudah banyak dilakukan, akan tetapi belum ada pengoptimalan waktu fermentasi tempe biji sorgum tersebut. Untuk mempercepat proses fermentasi dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan asam organik salah satunya adalah asam sitrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeahui pengaruh konsentrasi asam sitrat terhadap lama waktu fermentasi dan kandungan gizi serta uji hedonik pada tempe sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Langkap (RAL) faktor tunggal dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu: K0 = kontrol, K1 = asam sitrat 1%, K2 = asam sitrat 2% dan K3 = asam sitrat 3%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data analisis dengan uji Sidik Ragam atau Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsentrasi asam sitrat berpengaruh nyata terhadap Waktu fermentasi, kadar protein, kadar air, dan nilai pH tempe sorgum. Waktu fermentasi paling singkat diperoleh pada perlakuan asam sitrat 1% yaitu 18 jam, kadar protein 15,11% dan kadar air 55,45%. Hasil uji organoleptik tempe sorgum untuk warna dan aroma agak suka, rasa suka dan tekstur agak tidak suka.
Using 3.4 μm Variability toward White Dwarfs as a Signpost of Remnant Planetary Systems
Authors: Guidry Joseph A. , Hermes J. J. , De Kishalay , Ould Rouis Lou Baya , Ewing Brison B. , Kaiser B. C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Roughly 2% of white dwarfs harbor planetary debris disks detectable via infrared excesses, but only a few percent of these disks show a gaseous component, distinguished by their double-peaked emission at the near-infrared calcium triplet. Previous studies found that most debris disks around white dwarfs are variable at 3.4 and 4.5 μm, but they analyzed only a few of the now 21 published disks showing calcium emission. To test if most published calcium emission disks exhibit large-amplitude stochastic variability in the near-infrared, we use light curves generated from the unWISE images at 3.4 μm that are corrected for proper motion to characterize the near-infrared variability of these disks against samples of disks without calcium emission, highly variable cataclysmic variables, and 3215 isolated white dwarfs. We find that most calcium emission disks are extremely variable: 6/11 with sufficient signal-to-noise show high-amplitude variability in their 3.4 μm light curves. These results lend further credence to the notion that disks showing gaseous debris in emission are the most collisionally active. Under the assumption that 3.4 μm variability is characteristic of white dwarfs with dusty debris disks, we generate a catalog of 104 high-confidence near-infrared variable white dwarfs, 84 of which are published as variable for the first time. We do near-infrared spectroscopic follow-up of seven new candidate 3.4 μm variables, confirming at least one new remnant planetary system, and posit that empirical near-infrared variability can be a discovery engine for debris disks showing gaseous emission.
Coherent Inverse Compton Scattering in Fast Radio Bursts Revisited
Authors: Qu Yuanhong , Zhang Bing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Growing observations of temporal, spectral, and polarization properties of fast radio bursts (FRBs) indicate that the radio emission of the majority of bursts is likely produced inside the magnetosphere of its central engine, likely a magnetar. We revisit the idea that FRBs are generated via coherent inverse Compton scattering (ICS) off low-frequency X-mode electromagnetic waves (fast magnetosonic waves) by bunches at a distance of a few hundred times the magnetar radius. The following findings are revealed: (1) Crustal oscillations during a flaring event would excite kHz Alfvén waves. Fast magnetosonic waves with essentially the same frequency can be generated directly or be converted from Alfvén waves at a large radius, with an amplitude large enough to power FRBs via the ICS process. (2) The cross section increases rapidly with radius and significant ICS can occur at r ≳ 100R
⋆ with emission power much greater than the curvature radiation power but still in the linear scattering regime. (3) The low-frequency fast magnetosonic waves naturally redistribute a fluctuating relativistic plasma in the charge-depleted region to form bunches with the right size to power FRBs. (4) The required bunch net charge density can be sub-Goldreich–Julian, which allows a strong parallel electric field to accelerate the charges, maintain the bunches, and continuously power FRB emission. (5) This model can account for a wide range of observed properties of repeating FRB bursts, including high degrees of linear and circular polarization and narrow spectra as observed in many bursts from repeating FRB sources.
Unveiling Mass Transfer in Solar Flares: Insights from Elemental Abundance Evolutions Observed by Chang’E-2 Solar X-Ray Monitor
Authors: Ng Man-Hei , Tang Chi-Long , Zhang Xiaoping , Tam Kuan-Vai , Chen Peng-Fei , Dong Wudong , Li Jing , Tang Chi-Pui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Understanding how elemental abundances evolve during solar flares helps shed light on the mass and energy transfer between different solar atmospheric layers. However, prior studies have mostly concentrated on averaged abundances or specific flare phases, leaving a gap in exploring the comprehensive observations throughout the entire flare process. Consequently, investigations into this area are relatively scarce. Exploiting the Solar X-Ray Monitor data obtained from the Chang’E-2 lunar orbiter, we present two comprehensive soft X-ray spectroscopic observations of flares in active regions, AR 11149 and 11158, demonstrating elemental abundance evolutions under different conditions. Our findings unveil the inverse first ionization potential (IFIP) effect during flares for Fe for the first time, and reaffirm its existence for Si. Additionally, we observed a rare depletion of elemental abundances, marking the second IFIP effect in flare decay phases. Our study offers a CSHKP model-based interpretation to elucidate the formation of both the FIP and IFIP effects in flare dynamics, with the inertia effect being incorporated into the ponderomotive force fractionation model.
The Lyα Nondetection by JWST NIRSpec of a Strong Lyα Emitter at z = 5.66 Confirmed by MUSE
Authors: Jiang Haochen , Wang Xin , Cheng Cheng , Kong Xu , Zhou Qianqiao , Meng Xiao-Lei , He Xianlong , Jones Tucker , Boyett Kristan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The detections of Lyα emission in galaxies with redshifts above 5 are of utmost importance for constraining the cosmic reionization timeline, yet such detections are usually based on slit spectroscopy. Here we investigate the significant bias induced by slit placement on the estimate of Lyα escape fraction (

f

esc

Ly
α

) by presenting a galaxy (dubbed A2744-z6Lya) at z = 5.66, where its deep JWST/NIRSpec prism spectroscopy completely misses the strong Lyα emission detected in the MUSE data. A2744-z6Lya exhibits a pronounced UV continuum with an extremely steep spectral slope of

β
=
−

2.640

−
0.008

+
0.008

, and it has a stellar mass of ∼108.75
M
⊙, a star formation rate of ∼5.95 M
⊙ yr−1, and a gas-phase metallicity of

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
∼
7.90

. The observed flux and rest-frame equivalent width of its Lyα from MUSE spectroscopy are 1.2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 and 75 Å, equivalent to

f

esc

Ly
α

=
42
%
±
1
%

. However, its Lyα nondetection from JWST NIRSpec gives a 5σ upper limit of <5%, in stark contrast to that derived from MUSE. To explore the reasons for this bias, we perform spatially resolved stellar population analysis of A2744-z6Lya using the JWST NIRCam and HST imaging data to construct 2D maps of star formation rate, dust extinction, and neutral hydrogen column density. We find that the absence of Lyα in the slit regions probably stems from both the resonance scattering effect of neutral hydrogen and dust extinction. Through analyzing an extreme case in detail, this work highlights the important caveat of inferring

f

esc

Ly
α

from slit spectroscopy, particularly when using the JWST multiplexed NIRSpec microshutter assembly.
Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from High Redshift Stellar Mass Density
Authors: Zhang Qile , Li Shang , Tan Xiu-Hui , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) play a pivotal role in influencing small-scale fluctuations within the primordial density field, thereby enhancing the matter power spectrum within the context of the ΛCDM model at small scales. These amplified fluctuations accelerate the early formation of galactic halos and stars, which can be observed through advanced high-redshift observational techniques. Therefore, stellar mass density (SMD) observations, which provide significant opportunities for detailed studies of galaxies at small scales and high redshifts, offer a novel perspective on small-scale cosmic phenomena and constrain the characteristics of PMFs. In this study, we compile 14 SMD data points at redshifts z > 6 and derive stringent constraints on the parameters of PMFs, which include the amplitude of the magnetic field at a characteristic scale of λ = 1 Mpc, denoted as B
0, and the spectral index of the magnetic field power spectrum, n

B
. At 95% confidence level, we establish upper limits of B
0 < 4.44 nG and n

B
< −2.24, along with a star formation efficiency of approximately

f

*

0

∼
0.1

. If we fix n
B at specific values, such as −2.85, −2.9, and −2.95, the 95% upper limits for the amplitude of the magnetic field can be constrained to 1.33, 2.21, and 3.90 nG, respectively. Finally, we attempt to interpret recent early observations provided by the James Webb Space Telescope using the theory of PMFs and find that by selecting appropriate PMF parameters, it is possible to explain these results without significantly increasing the star formation efficiency.
Disparities Exist in Knowledge of Hip Fracture Compared With Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Choy Sara , Zhuang Thompson , Shapiro Lauren , Kamal Robin 
Published: August 2024

Background
This study sought to answer the following questions: (1) Are there differences in knowledge on time to treatment (TTT) between stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and hip fractures in the general population? (2) Are there differences in condition-specific knowledge across these conditions? (3) Are there underlying demographic factors that may contribute to differences in hip fracture-specific knowledge?

Materials and Methods
This was a cross-sectional cohort analysis. Participants were acquired using an online survey distribution platform, Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Individuals older than 18 years with English fluency and literacy were included. A total of 913 participants who completed a survey with questions on TTT knowledge, condition-specific knowledge, history of hip fracture, and demographics were recruited.

Results

On comparing TTT knowledge, the MI mean score was 36.92% higher than that of hip fractures (
P
<.0001). On comparing condition-specific knowledge, the MI-specific mean score was 8.24% higher than that of hip fractures (
P
<.0001). Hip fracture knowledge was associated with demographic factors. Asian and Black participants and participants with Medicaid or Medicare as their primary insurance type were associated with significantly lower hip fracture knowledge.

Conclusion

Hip fracture knowledge was significantly lower than MI knowledge in the study population. Just as professional societies have invested resources in public education campaigns on the importance of TTT for stroke and MI, public education campaigns on the importance of TTT for hip fractures may support earlier TTT for populations vulnerable to delays (Asian and Black). [
Orthopedics.
2024;47(6):377–383.]
A Successful Awake Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy Intubation of a Cardiomorbid Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Alsalah Qusai A. , Bael Peter R. , Abufara Arein A. M. , Alsahouri Mohammad I. , Abu Asbeh Yousef , Hamamdh Majde 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Bronchoscopy is a widely used technique for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Though it requires anesthesia, many options are available, depending on the patient’s health status, the purpose of the procedure, and the type of bronchoscope used. One such health status is heart failure, a leading cause of death, and a common challenge of anesthesiology. We report a 60-year-old male patient who is a known case of heart failure with an ejection fraction of 15%, and an implanted cardioverter defibrillator, along with concurrent ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, who presented complaining of dysphagia. This highly morbid patient was able to successfully undergo a bronchoscopic biopsy with nerve block anesthesia considering his inadequacy for conventional methods. This report aims to shed light on these challenging cases and alert anesthesiologists on how to manage such situations in patients with cardiac morbidities.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome after Epicardial Pacing Wires Removal
Authors: González-Suárez Susana , Barbosa Carlos Sureda , García-Navia Jusset Teresa 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Although most superior vena cava (SVC) syndromes are due to intrathoracic malignancies, some are iatrogenic, such as those following the intravenous implantation of pacemaker wires. To date, the occurrence of this syndrome after epicardial pacemaker removal has not been described. The initial auricular laceration after removal can be complicated by the administration of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, forming a hematoma that compresses the SVC cranially. Therefore, standardized practice may be necessary in these patients to address anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy, perform serial echocardiography, and pay attention to underlying symptoms, which may be insidious and delayed.
A Comparative Study on Conventional Adenoidectomy and Endoscopic Powered Adenoidectomy
Authors: Devi Sanu , Bhatnagar Aastha , Swami Gautam , Kamal Anil Kumar , Parihar Anil Kumar , Nidhi  
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
Adenoids are a type of nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue that is a component of Waldeyer’s ring. They are typically present from birth, reach their maximum size between the ages of 7 and 10 years, and then gradually decrease in size to become atrophied in adulthood. The objective of the current study is to compare conventional adenoidectomy using curette with power-assisted adenoidectomy.

Materials and Methods:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Center from March 2023 to August 2023. A total of 40 patients were planned for adenoidectomy and randomly allocated under two groups. The conventional curettage adenoidectomy method was done on patients in Group A and patients in Group B who underwent power-assisted adenoidectomy using microdebrider. Both the groups were further compared in terms of surgical clearance of adenoids, operative time taken in procedure, injury to surrounding structures, and symptom score improvement on follow-up.

Results:
Surgical clearance was excellent in Group B with no adenoid tags left in all 20 (100%) patients, whereas few tags were left in 18 (90%) patients in Group A (P < 0.0001). The mean operative time (in minutes) for Group A was 22.4 ± 1.67, whereas Group B was 18.1 ± 1.76 (P = 0.001). Postoperative pain score in Group A was 3.7 ± 1.63, whereas for Group B was 2.8 ± 1.01 (P < 0.043). Recovery time in terms of number of days to return to normal diet and activities in Group A was 3.1 ± 0.3 days, whereas Group B was less 2.1 ± 0.2 days (P < 001). Postoperative nasal symptom score at 6 weeks in Group A was 1 in 1 patient and 2 in 4 patients with mean of 0.45 ± 83, whereas in Group B was 0 (P = 0.043).

Conclusion:
It was concluded from the study that power-assisted adenoidectomy was a better surgical procedure than conventional adenoidectomy. There was better improvement in nasal symptom score and surgical clearance by power-assisted adenoidectomy. Postoperative pain score and time taken for recovery after surgery were also less in power-assisted adenoidectomy.
Status of Nutritional Services to Vulnerable Population in West Bengal and Their Hardship during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Community-based Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Kajari , Ray Soumalya , Das Nivedita , Mukhopadhyay Dipta Kanti 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, restrictions were imposed on various activities including nutritional services. This study was conducted with the objective to explore the status of the nutritional services and to identify the hardship and barriers faced by the vulnerable population and challenges for service providers and program managers during the initial phase of pandemic.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted among three vulnerable population groups (slum dwellers, tribal population, and residents of disaster-prone area) in three districts of West Bengal, the reference period being April–September 2020. To assess the status of nutritional services and identify existing barriers or challenges, the study employed a mixed-methods approach utilizing focus group discussions (FGDs) as well as in-depth interviews (IDIs) conducted with beneficiaries, service providers and program managers. One habitation in each district was selected to obtain case scenarios on food insecurity and hardship. Descriptive analysis of household surveys and thematic analysis of FGDs and IDIs were done, and the findings were triangulated.

Results:
Different nutritional services (supplementary nutrition, micronutrient supplementation, growth monitoring, nutrition counseling, and nutrition rehabilitation) were disrupted. Shifting from hot-cooked meals to dry take-home ration was the most conspicuous change during restoration phase. Food security was absent in majority of the households. Reduction of income affected their affordability, which along with difficult accessibility to diverse food items contributed to their hardship. Service providers identified several challenges, including increased workload due to both COVID-19 activities and a rise in beneficiaries, transportation difficulties, and experiences of stigma and discrimination. Long administrative decision-making process, additional hurdles due to cyclone, and containment zones were identified as challenges by the program managers.

Conclusion:
As the hardship of vulnerable population was pervasive, it is necessary to formulate mitigating measures in light of the identified challenges and to combat similar crises in future.