bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FDG PET/CT Scan and Functional Adrenal Tumors: A Pilot Study for Lateralization
Authors: Patel Dhaval , Gara Sudheer Kumar , Ellis Ryan J. , Boufraqech Myriem , Nilubol Naris , Millo Corina , Stratakis Constantine A. , Kebebew Electron 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Cushing’s Syndrome (CS) and Conn’s Syndrome with bilateral adrenal masses pose a dilemma. Uptake of 18F‐FDG by hyperfunctioning adrenal glands has not been previously reported and may help lateralize. The aim was to determine if 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan could identify hyperfunctioning adrenal masses and determine a biological basis for uptake.MethodsPatients with nonfunctional adenomas (n = 9), CS (n = 11), and Conn’s syndrome (n = 4) underwent an 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan with a volume of interest circumscribing each mass to obtain a maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax). Thirty‐two adrenal masses were analyzed. Genome‐wide expression data from an independent cohort were analyzed in nonfunctioning adenomas (n = 20), Conn’s syndrome (n = 29), and CS (n = 24) focusing on GLUT genes. For genes differentially expressed, immunohistochemistry was performed on tissue samples.ResultsCortisol‐secreting masses (n = 16) had a higher average SUVmax of 5.9 compared to nonfunctioning masses (n = 11, average SUVmax 4.2) and aldosterone‐hypersecreting masses (n = 5, average SUVmax 3.2) (p = 0.007). SUVmax cut‐off of 5.33 had 50.0 % sensitivity and 81.8 % specificity in localizing a cortisol‐secreting mass. GLUT3 expression was 2.19‐fold higher in patients with CS compared to patients with nonfunctioning adenomas (p = 0.003) and 2.16‐fold higher in patients with CS compared to Conn’s syndrome (p = 0.006). GLUT3 immunohistochemistry showed 2.2‐fold higher staining in CS tumor samples compared to nonfunctioning adenomas.ConclusionsDifferential 18F‐FDG PET/CT uptake was observed in patients with nonfunctioning, aldosterone‐hypersecreting, and cortisol‐secreting masses. GLUT3 overexpression in cortisol‐secreting tumor likely accounts for the differential uptake. Future larger cohort studies will need to be conducted to determine if 18F‐FDG PET/CT uptake can lateralize cortisol‐secreting adrenal masses in patients with bilateral adrenal masses.
Improving flavor metabolism ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeby mixed culture withBacillus licheniformisfor ChineseMaotai-flavor liquor making
Authors: Meng Xing , Wu Qun , Wang Li , Wang Diqiang , Chen Liangqiang , Xu Yan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicrobial interactions could impact the metabolic behavior of microbes involved in food fermentation, and therefore they are important for improving food quality. This study investigated the effect of Bacillus licheniformis, the dominant bacteria in the fermentation process of Chinese Maotai–flavor liquor, on the metabolic activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicated that S. cerevisiae inhibited the growth of B. licheniformis in all mixed culture systems and final viable cell count was lower than 20 cfu/mL. Although growth of S. cerevisiae was barely influenced by B. licheniformis, its metabolism was changed as initial inoculation ratio varied. The maximum ethanol productions were observed in S. cerevisiae and B. licheniformis at 106:107 and 106:108 ratios and have increased by 16.8 % compared with single culture of S. cerevisiae. According to flavor compounds, the culture ratio 106:106 showed the highest level of total concentrations of all different kinds of flavor compounds. Correlation analyses showed that 12 flavor compounds, including 4 fatty acids and their 2 corresponding esters, 1 terpene, and 5 aromatic compounds, that could only be produced by S. cerevisiae were significantly correlated with the initial inoculation amount of B. licheniformis. These metabolic changes in S. cerevisiae were not only a benefit for liquor aroma, but may also be related to its inhibition effect in mixed culture. This study could help to reveal the microbial interactions in Chinese liquor fermentation and provide guidance for optimal arrangement of mixed culture fermentation systems.
The many roles of glutamate in metabolism
Authors: Walker Mark C , van der Donk Wilfred A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The amino acid glutamate is a major metabolic hub in many organisms and as such is involved in diverse processes in addition to its role in protein synthesis. Nitrogen assimilation, nucleotide, amino acid, and cofactor biosynthesis, as well as secondary natural product formation all utilize glutamate in some manner. Glutamate also plays a role in the catabolism of certain amines. Understanding glutamate’s role in these various processes can aid in genome mining for novel metabolic pathways or the engineering of pathways for bioremediation or chemical production of valuable compounds.
Links in the functional diversity between soil microorganisms and plant communities during natural succession in coal mine spoil heaps
Authors: Markowicz Anna , Woźniak Gabriela , Borymski Sławomir , Piotrowska‐Seget Zofia , Chmura Damian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe successful establishment of vegetation, soil development and biogeochemical cycling during the restoration process of mine tailings requires a diverse and metabolically active microbial communities. The objective of this study was to test whether there is any link between the functional groups of both the dominant plant species and soil microbial communities on unreclaimed coal mine spoil heaps of different age located in the Silesian Upland (Poland). At each sampling site the dominant plant species were recorded and characterised based on their Raunkiaer's life form, socio‐ecological group and their potential to form mycorrhiza. The functional diversity of the plant‐associated microbial communities was assessed using the microbial carbon‐utilisation guilds generated using the Biolog method. We observed no differences in the microbial functional diversity, but a gradual increase in the plant functional diversity with the age of the heap. Our results indicate that trees, plants with the potential to form ectomycorrhiza, and deciduous plants strongly affected the carbon‐utilisation profiles. The mean proportion of microbe guilds in dominant plant patches accounts for 60 % of the variance while the soil physicochemical parameters explained only 30 % of the variance. This suggest that in post‐industrial habitats the biotic features of the soil substratum are more important for the vegetation development than the abiotic parameters.
Robot‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery (RATS): Perioperative Nursing Professional Development Program
Authors: Sarmanian Julie D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRobot‐assisted surgery continues to grow in popularity worldwide. Competency and training of personnel for robot‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is less established compared with other robot‐assisted specialties. Major differences between minimally invasive approaches to thoracic surgery (eg, video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery) and RATS are presented to address a paucity of literature on the subject. Although perioperative nursing considerations are universal to all robot‐assisted procedures, there are nursing consideration specific to RATS. This article provides a RATS perioperative nursing development program for RN circulators and scrub personnel. Development of perioperative nursing knowledge and skills through implementation of targeted training programs enables nurses to provide a safe surgical experience for patients undergoing RATS.
Effects of Guided Undergraduate Perioperative Education on Recruiting Novice RNs and Retaining Experienced RNs
Authors: Foran Paula 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis qualitative research describes undergraduate nurses’ perceptions of their perioperative placement experiences and how they may affect their future perioperative employment. It also describes experienced perioperative nurses’ perceptions of the effect of student placement experiences on retention. The author asked undergraduate nurses about their experiences in the OR, if any, and whether they would consider perioperative nursing as a career; the author also asked experienced perioperative educators to comment on whether there are correlations between types of perioperative student experiences that affect stress levels for supervising staff members. The author used reporting of disconfirming data, and expert peers performed an external examination of data to guarantee the rigor of qualitative data analysis. The findings indicate that undergraduate nurses who are provided with guided practical experiences (as opposed to non‐guided experiences or no OR experiences) are more likely to consider perioperative nursing as a career. In addition, the findings show that the arrival of students in the OR with no preparation for the experience is a major stressor for staff members.
Guideline Implementation: Autologous Tissue Management
Authors: Bashaw Marie A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractManaging autologous tissue correctly may help prevent patients who are undergoing replantation or autotransplantation of tissue from developing a surgical site infection. The updated AORN “Guideline for autologous tissue management” provides guidance on transferring tissue from the sterile field, packaging and labeling, transporting and storing, and handling autologous tissue for delayed replantation or autotransplantation within the same facility. This article focuses on key points of the guideline to help perioperative personnel develop protocols for autologous tissue management. The key points address some of the major tissue types—avulsed teeth, cranial bone flaps, autologous skin—that may be preserved and replanted or autotransplanted. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Technology in the OR: AORN Members' Perceptions of the Effects on Workflow Efficiency and Quality Patient Care
Authors: Sipes Carolyn , Baker Joy Don 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis collaborative study sought to describe technology used by AORN members at work, inclusive of radio‐frequency identification or barcode scanning (RFID), data collection tools (DATA), workflow or dashboard management tools (DASHBOARD), and environmental services/room decontamination technologies (ENVIRON), and to identify the perceived effects of each technology on workflow efficiency (WFE) and quality patient care (QPC). The 462 respondents to the AORN Technology in the OR survey reported use of technology (USE) in all categories. Eleven of 17 RFID items had a strong positive correlation between the designated USE item and the perceived effect on WFE and QPC. Five of the most‐used technology items were found in the DATA category. Two of the five related to Intraoperative Nursing Documentation and the use of the Perioperative Nursing Data Set. The other three related to Imaging Integration for Radiology Equipment, Video Camera Systems, and Fiber‐optic Systems. All three elements explored in the DASHBOARD category (ie, Patient Update, OR Case, OR Efficiency) demonstrated approximately 50% or greater perceived effectiveness in WFE and QPC. There was a low reported use of ENVIRON technologies, resulting in limited WFE and QPC data for this category.
Thailand’s Cause Lawyers and Twenty-First-Century Military Coups: Nation, Identity, and Conflicting Visions of the Rule of Law
Authors: MUNGER Frank 
Published: August 2015

AbstractConflict among Thailand’s legal advocates for popular causes over the legitimacy of Thailand’s two twenty-first-century coups raises questions about the meaning of the rule of law. The general perception of inexorable globalization of an international interpretation of the rule of law and of cause lawyers as one of its important vectors runs counter to the experience of developing societies where rule of law is being adapted to the meaning of nation and individual identities informing everyday lives and the relationship between a society and its government. This essay uses career narratives of Thai cause lawyers to illustrate this point by examining sources of the rule of law’s meaning, including experiences shared by each generation of cause lawyers and communities of practice shaping individual careers and identities. Their career narratives suggest the importance of continuing relationships with social movement leaders on beliefs about Thailand’s readiness for democracy and meaning of a rule of law.
The contribution of subsidized food commodities to total energy intake among US adults
Authors: Siegel Karen R , McKeever Bullard Kai , Ali Mohammed K , Stein Aryeh D , Kahn Henry S , Mehta Neil K , Webb Girard Amy , Narayan KM , Imperatore Giuseppina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe contribution of subsidized food commodities to total food consumption is unknown. We estimated the proportion of individual energy intake from food commodities receiving the largest subsidies from 1995 to 2010 (corn, soyabeans, wheat, rice, sorghum, dairy and livestock).DesignIntegrating information from three federal databases (MyPyramid Equivalents, Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities, and What We Eat in America) with data from the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, we computed a Subsidy Score representing the percentage of total energy intake from subsidized commodities. We examined the score’s distribution and the probability of having a ‘high’ (≥70th percentile) v. ‘low’ (≤30th percentile) score, across the population and subgroups, using multivariate logistic regression.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults in the USA.SubjectsParticipants (n 11 811) aged 18–64 years.ResultsMedian Subsidy Score was 56·7 % (interquartile range 47·2–65·4 %). Younger, less educated, poorer, and Mexican Americans had higher scores. After controlling for covariates, age, education and income remained independently associated with the score: compared with individuals aged 55–64 years, individuals aged 18–24 years had a 50 % higher probability of having a high score (P<0·0001). Individuals reporting less than high-school education had 21 % higher probability of having a high score than individuals reporting college completion or higher (P=0·003); individuals in the lowest tertile of income had an 11 % higher probability of having a high score compared with individuals in the highest tertile (P=0·02).ConclusionsOver 50 % of energy in US diets is derived from federally subsidized commodities.
An integrated genome-wide approach to discover deregulated microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: Clinical significance of miR-23b-3p deregulation
Authors: Begum Shahnaz , Hayashi Masamichi , Ogawa Takenori , Jabboure Fayez J. , Brait Mariana , Izumchenko Evgeny , Tabak Sarit , Ahrendt Steven A. , Westra William H. , Koch Wayne , Sidransky David , Hoque Mohammad O. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn spite of significant technical advances, genesis and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. We undertook an integrated genetic approach to discover novel microRNAs that were deregulated in NSCLCs. A total 119 primary NSCLCs with matched normal were analyzed for genome-wide copy number changes. We also tested a subset of matched samples by microRNA expression array and integrated them to identify microRNAs positioned in allelic imbalance area. Our findings support that most of the identified deregulated microRNAs (miR-21,miR-23b,miR-31,miR-126,miR-150andmiR-205) were positioned in allelic imbalance areas. Among microRNAs tested in independent 114 NSCLCs, overexpression ofmiR-23bwas revealed to be a significantly poor prognostic factor of recurrence free survival (HR = 2.40, P = 0.005, 95%CI: 1.32–4.29) and overall survival (HR = 2.35, P = 0.005, 95%CI: 1.30–4.19) in multivariable analysis. In addition, overexpression ofmiR-23bin H1838 cell line significantly increased cell proliferation, while inhibition ofmiR-23bin H1437 and H1944 cell lines significantly decreased cell doubling time. In summary, integration of genomic analysis and microRNA expression profiling could identify novel cancer-related microRNAs andmiR-23bcould be a potential prognostic marker for early stage NSCLCs. Further biological studies ofmiR-23bare warranted for the potential development of targeted therapy.
The wheat resistance gene Lr34 results in the constitutive induction of multiple defense pathways in transgenic barley
Authors: Chauhan Harsh , Boni Rainer , Bucher Rahel , Kuhn Benjamin , Buchmann Gabriele , Sucher Justine , Selter Liselotte L. , Hensel Goetz , Kumlehn Jochen , Bigler Laurent , Glauser Gaëtan , Wicker Thomas , Krattinger Simon G. , Keller Beat 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe wheat gene Lr34 encodes an ABCG‐type transporter which provides durable resistance against multiple pathogens. Lr34 is functional as a transgene in barley, but its mode of action has remained largely unknown both in wheat and barley. Here we studied gene expression in uninfected barley lines transgenic for Lr34. Genes from multiple defense pathways contributing to basal and inducible disease resistance were constitutively active in seedlings and mature leaves. In addition, the hormones jasmonic acid and salicylic acid were induced to high levels, and increased levels of lignin as well as hordatines were observed. These results demonstrate a strong, constitutive re‐programming of metabolism by Lr34. The resistant Lr34 allele (Lr34res) encodes a protein that differs by two amino acid polymorphisms from the susceptible Lr34sus allele. The deletion of a single phenylalanine residue in Lr34sus was sufficient to induce the characteristic Lr34‐based responses. Combination of Lr34res and Lr34sus in the same plant resulted in a reduction of Lr34res expression by 8‐ to 20‐fold when the low‐expressing Lr34res line BG8 was used as a parent. Crosses with the high‐expressing Lr34res line BG9 resulted in an increase of Lr34sus expression by 13‐ to 16‐fold in progenies that inherited both alleles. These results indicate an interaction of the two Lr34 alleles on the transcriptional level. Reduction of Lr34res expression in BG8 crosses reduced the negative pleiotropic effects of Lr34res on barley growth and vigor without compromising disease resistance, suggesting that transgenic combination of Lr34res and Lr34sus can result in agronomically useful resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium heckeshornense Strain RLE
Authors: Greninger Alexander L. , Cunningham Gail , Chiu Charles Y. , Miller Steve 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of
Mycobacterium heckeshornense
strain RLE isolated from a sputum sample from a patient with shortness of breath. This is the first draft genome sequence of
M. heckeshornense
.
Dynamics of HIV-1 RNA Near the Plasma Membrane during Virus Assembly
Authors: Sardo Luca , Hatch Steven C. , Chen Jianbo , Nikolaitchik Olga , Burdick Ryan C. , Chen De , Westlake Christopher J. , Lockett Stephen , Pathak Vinay K. , Hu Wei-Shau 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
To increase our understanding of the events that lead to HIV-1 genome packaging, we examined the dynamics of viral RNA and Gag-RNA interactions near the plasma membrane by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. We labeled HIV-1 RNA with a photoconvertible Eos protein via an RNA-binding protein that recognizes stem-loop sequences engineered into the viral genome. Near-UV light exposure causes an irreversible structural change in Eos and alters its emitted fluorescence from green to red. We studied the dynamics of HIV-1 RNA by photoconverting Eos near the plasma membrane, and we monitored the population of photoconverted red-Eos-labeled RNA signals over time. We found that in the absence of Gag, most of the HIV-1 RNAs stayed near the plasma membrane transiently, for a few minutes. The presence of Gag significantly increased the time that RNAs stayed near the plasma membrane: most of the RNAs were still detected after 30 min. We then quantified the proportion of HIV-1 RNAs near the plasma membrane that were packaged into assembling viral complexes. By tagging Gag with blue fluorescent protein, we observed that only a portion, ∼13 to 34%, of the HIV-1 RNAs that reached the membrane were recruited into assembling particles in an hour, and the frequency of HIV-1 RNA packaging varied with the Gag expression level. Our studies reveal the HIV-1 RNA dynamics on the plasma membrane and the efficiency of RNA recruitment and provide insights into the events leading to the generation of infectious HIV-1 virions.

IMPORTANCE
Nascent HIV-1 particles assemble on plasma membranes. During the assembly process, HIV-1 RNA genomes must be encapsidated into viral complexes to generate infectious particles. To gain insights into the RNA packaging and virus assembly mechanisms, we labeled and monitored the HIV-1 RNA signals near the plasma membrane. Our results showed that most of the HIV-1 RNAs stayed near the plasma membrane for only a few minutes in the absence of Gag, whereas most HIV-1 RNAs stayed at the plasma membrane for 15 to 60 min in the presence of Gag. Our results also demonstrated that only a small proportion of the HIV-1 RNAs, approximately 1/10 to 1/3 of the RNAs that reached the plasma membrane, was incorporated into viral protein complexes. These studies determined the dynamics of HIV-1 RNA on the plasma membrane and obtained temporal information on RNA-Gag interactions that lead to RNA encapsidation.
Identification and Mechanism of Action of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Arenavirus Multiplication
Authors: Ngo Nhi , Cubitt Beatrice , Iwasaki Masaharu , de la Torre Juan C. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Several arenaviruses cause hemorrhagic fever disease in humans and represent important public health problems in the regions where these viruses are endemic. In addition, evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is an important neglected human pathogen. There are no licensed arenavirus vaccines and current antiarenavirus therapy is limited to the use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Therefore, there is an unmet need for novel antiarenaviral therapeutics. Here, we report the generation of a novel recombinant LCM virus and its use to develop a cell-based high-throughput screen to rapidly identify inhibitors of LCMV multiplication. We used this novel assay to screen a library of 30,400 small molecules and identified compound F3406 (chemical name:
N
-[3,5-bis(fluoranyl)phenyl]-2-[5,7-bis(oxidanylidene)-6-propyl-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4-yl]ethanamide), which exhibited strong anti-LCMV activity in the absence of cell toxicity. Mechanism-of-action studies revealed that F3406 inhibited LCMV cell entry by specifically interfering with the pH-dependent fusion in the endosome compartment that is mediated by LCMV glycoprotein GP2 and required to release the virus ribonucleoprotein into the cell cytoplasm to initiate transcription and replication of the virus genome. We identified residue M437 within the transmembrane domain of GP2 as critical for virus susceptibility to F3406.

IMPORTANCE
Hemorrhagic fever arenaviruses (HFA) are important human pathogens that cause high morbidity and mortality in areas where these viruses are endemic. In addition, evidence indicates that the worldwide-distributed prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a neglected human pathogen of clinical significance. Concerns posed by arenavirus infections are aggravated by the lack of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-licensed arenavirus vaccines and current antiarenaviral therapy being limited to the off-label use of ribavirin that is only partially effective. Here we describe a novel recombinant LCMV and its use to develop a cell-based assay suitable for HTS to rapidly identify inhibitors arenavirus multiplication. The concepts and experimental strategies we describe in this work provide the bases for the rapid identification and characterization of novel anti-HFA therapeutics.