bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological morbidity and stress but not social factors influence level of fear of cancer recurrence in young women with early breast cancer: results of a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Thewes B. , Bell M. L. , Butow P. , Beith J. , Boyle F. , Friedlander M. , McLachlan S. A. ,   the Members of the FCR Study Advisory Committee
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is a common problem amongst survivors. Past research has shown that young women with breast cancer are particularly vulnerable to FCR, yet few previous studies have specifically examined FCR in this subgroup.AimsThe aim of the study is to explore the relationship between FCR, psychological morbidity and social factors. A secondary aim was to explore the relationship between clinical levels of FCR and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and hypochondriasis.MethodTwo hundred eighteen breast cancer survivors (aged 18–45 years at diagnosis) diagnosed at least 1 year prior were recruited through seven metropolitan oncology clinics and two breast cancer consumer groups. Participants completed a web‐based questionnaire, which assessed FCR, psychological functioning, generalised anxiety, hypochondriasis and items exploring past cancer‐related experiences, attitudes to future childbearing, social support and correlates were identified using linear regression.ResultsPsychological morbidity scales measuring anxiety and psychological functioning and stressful life events were significantly associated with FCR in adjusted and unadjusted models (p < 0.0001). Past cancer experiences, children, social support and attitudes to childrearing were not associated with FCR. Among those with clinical levels of FCR (n = 152), 43% met screening criteria for hypochondriasis, and 36% met screening criteria for GAD.ConclusionsThis study shows psychological morbidity is associated with FCR, but the majority of women with high levels of FCR do not also meet the criteria for a clinical level of GAD or hypochondriasis. Understanding the factors that make young women vulnerable to FCR is important to help guide the development of FCR‐specific interventions for this subgroup. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Estimates of Permafrost Evolution during the Last 21 k Years in Eurasia using Numerical Modelling
Authors: Kitover D. C. , van Balen R. T. , Roche D. M. , Vandenberghe J. , Renssen H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe evolution of past permafrost since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is simulated using the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Permafrost (VAMPER) model. This method is different from a proxy‐based approach which translates reconstructed air temperatures to estimate past permafrost extent and thickness. First, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the behaviour of the model. Then five case studies within Eurasia were performed using mean annual ground surface temperatures derived from an Earth system model as the surface forcing. In Central and West Siberia, the simulated LGM permafrost thicknesses of 730–940 m and 365–445 m, respectively, agree well with previous estimates. The LGM and present‐day estimates for South Russia (9–15 m) are underestimated, which is likely due to a highly simplified land‐atmosphere coupling. In West and Central Europe, however, the VAMPER model was not able to produce permafrost during LGM conditions, which is due to previously recognised biases of the Earth system model. A supplementary simulation was then performed, resulting in an LGM permafrost thickness estimate of 260–320 m. Average thawing rates are on the order of 1 to 3 cm/yr except for Central Siberia, where permafrost thawed at rates of 0.3 to 0.4 cm/yr. Overall results of these simulations provide a basis for future improvement in modelling the permafrost‐climate relationship over millennia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MSMB gene variant alters the association between prostate cancer and number of sexual partners
Authors: Stott‐Miller Marni , Wright Jonathan L. , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecently, a genetic variant (rs10993994) in the MSMB gene associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk was shown to correlate with reduced prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94) levels. Although the biological activity of PSP94 is unclear, one of its hypothesized functions is to protect prostatic cells from pathogens. Number of sexual partners and a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been positively associated with PCa risk, and these associations may be related to pathogen‐induced chronic prostatic inflammation. Based on these observations, we investigated whether MSMB genotype modifies the PCa‐sexual history association.METHODSWe estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between number of sexual partners and PCa by fitting logistic regression models, stratified by MSMB genotype, and adjusted for age, family history of PCa, and PCa screening history among 1,239 incident cases and 1,232 controls.RESULTSCompared with 1–4 female sexual partners, men with ≥15 such partners who carried the variant T allele of rs10993994 were at increased risk for PCa (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.03–1.71); no association was observed in men with the CC genotype (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.73–1.46; P = 0.05 for interaction). Similar estimates were observed for total sexual partners (any T allele OR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.07–1.77; CC genotype OR = 1.11; 95% CI, 0.79–1.55; P = 0.06 for interaction).CONCLUSIONSThe rs10993994 genotype in the MSMB gene modifies the association between number of sexual partners and PCa risk. These findings support a hypothesized biological mechanism whereby prostatic infection/inflammation may enhance risk of PCa. Prostate 73:1803–1809, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Passivation of black silicon boron emitters with atomic layer deposited aluminum oxide
Authors: Repo Päivikki , Benick Jan , Gastrow Guillaume von , Vähänissi Ville , Heinz Friedemann D. , Schön Jonas , Schubert Martin C. , Savin Hele 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe nanostructured surface – also called black silicon (b‐Si) – is a promising texture for solar cells because of its extremely low reflectance combined with low surface recombination obtained with atomic layer deposited (ALD) thin films. However, the challenges in keeping the excellent optical properties and passivation in further processing have not been addressed before. Here we study especially the applicability of the ALD passivation on highly boron doped emitters that is present in crystalline silicon solar cells. The results show that the nanostructured boron emitters can be passivated efficiently using ALD Al2O3 reaching emitter saturation current densities as low as 51 fA/cm2. Furthermore, reflectance values less than 0.5% after processing show that the different process steps are not detrimental for the low reflectance of b‐Si. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The impact of downscaled initial condition perturbations on convective‐scale ensemble forecasts of precipitation
Authors: Kühnlein C. , Keil C. , Craig G. C. , Gebhardt C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA major issue in convective‐scale ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) is the specification of effective initial condition perturbations (ICPs). The present work considers the suitability of downscaled ICPs from a multi‐model global EPS for short‐range regional ensemble forecasts of convective precipitation at convection‐permitting resolution. Previous studies indicated the importance of convective‐scale initial condition uncertainties, with the most pronounced impact in weather conditions characterised by weak versus strong synoptic‐scale forcing of convection. However, the downscaled ICPs do not explicitly represent small‐scale uncertainty, which questions their effectiveness in convective‐scale EPSs. To investigate the issue, the high‐resolution ensemble system of the Deutscher Wetterdienst, COSMO‐DE‐EPS, which includes physics perturbations and lateral boundary condition perturbations in addition to ICPs, is employed. Forecasts are compared with a second EPS, identical but without ICPs, for a period of 3.5 months in the central European warm season. Weakly forced conditions are considered separately from strongly forced conditions, using an objective classification based on the area‐averaged convective adjustment time‐scale.Generally for all EPSs, forecast quality measures show a distinct behaviour in strong versus weak forcing conditions. However, the impact of the ICPs is found to be similar in the two regimes. The impact of the ICPs is clearly largest and positive (consistently in terms of ensemble variance and probabilistic forecast quality, but negative for the equitable threat score) in the first six forecast hours when the ICPs dominate the physics perturbations and lateral boundary condition perturbations. The ICPs then decay relatively quickly with lead time as the physics perturbations and lateral boundary condition perturbations start to become important and later dominant. Probabilistic precipitation forecasts by the EPSs outperform the deterministic COSMO‐DE at the same convection‐permitting resolution, and this more strongly in the first nine forecast hours with the EPS applying the ICPs.
Self‐controlled case series method with smooth age effect
Authors: Ghebremichael‐Weldeselassie Yonas , Whitaker Heather J. , Paddy Farrington C. 
Published: August 2013

The self‐controlled case series method, commonly used to investigate potential associations between vaccines and adverse events, requires information on cases only and automatically controls all age‐independent multiplicative confounders while allowing for an age‐dependent baseline incidence.In the parametric version of the method, we modelled the age‐specific relative incidence by using a piecewise constant function, whereas in the semiparametric version, we left it unspecified. However, mis‐specification of age groups in the parametric version can lead to biassed estimates of exposure effect, and the semiparametric approach runs into computational problems when the number of cases in the study is moderately large. We, thus, propose to use a penalized likelihood approach where the age effect is modelled using splines.We use a linear combination of cubic M‐splines to approximate the age‐specific relative incidence and integrated splines for the cumulative relative incidence. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the new approach and its efficiency relative to the parametric and semiparametric approaches. Results show that the new approach performs equivalently to the existing methods when the sample size is small and works well for large data sets. We applied the new spline‐based approach to data on febrile convulsions and paediatric vaccines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oct4 Maintains the Pluripotency of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Inactivating p53 Through Sirt1-Mediated Deacetylation
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Ning , Chung Sun-Ku , Xu Zheng , Xu Yang 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Oct4 is critical to maintain the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs); however, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully understood. Here, we report that silencing of Oct4 in hESCs leads to the activation of tumor suppressor p53, inducing the differentiation of hESCs since acute disruption of p53 in p53 conditional knockout (p53CKO) hESCs prevents the differentiation of hESCs after Oct4 depletion. We further discovered that the silencing of Oct4 significantly reduces the expression of Sirt1, a deacetylase known to inhibit p53 activity and the differentiation of ESCs, leading to increased acetylation of p53 at lysine 120 and 164. The importance of Sirt1 in mediating Oct4-dependent pluripotency is revealed by the finding that the ectopic expression of Sirt1 in Oct4-silenced hESCs prevents p53 activation and hESC differentiation. In addition, using knock-in approach, we revealed that the acetylation of p53 at lysine 120 and 164 is required for both stabilization and activity of p53 in hESCs. In summary, our findings reveal a novel role of Oct4 in maintaining the pluripotency of hESCs by suppressing pathways that induce differentiation. Considering that p53 suppresses pluripotency after DNA damage response in ESCs, our findings further underscore the stringent mechanism to coordinate DNA damage response pathways and pluripotency pathways in order to maintain the pluripotency and genomic stability of hESCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:157–165
Irradiation of Juvenile, but not Adult, Mammary Gland Increases Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Estrogen Receptor Negative Tumors
Authors: Tang Jonathan , Fernandez-Garcia Ignacio , Vijayakumar Sangeetha , Martinez-Ruis Haydeliz , Illa-Bochaca Irineu , Nguyen David H. , Mao Jian-Hua , Costes Sylvain V. , Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Children exposed to ionizing radiation have a substantially greater breast cancer risk than adults; the mechanism for this strong age dependence is not known. Here we show that pubertal murine mammary glands exposed to sparsely or densely ionizing radiation exhibit enrichment of mammary stem cell and Notch pathways, increased mammary repopulating activity indicative of more stem cells, and propensity to develop estrogen receptor (ER) negative tumors thought to arise from stem cells. We developed a mammary lineage agent-based model (ABM) to evaluate cell inactivation, self-renewal, or dedifferentiation via epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as mechanisms by which radiation could increase stem cells. ABM rejected cell inactivation and predicted increased self-renewal would only affect juveniles while dedifferentiation could act in both juveniles and adults. To further test self-renewal versus dedifferentiation, we used the MCF10A human mammary epithelial cell line, which recapitulates ductal morphogenesis in humanized fat pads, undergoes EMT in response to radiation and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and contains rare stem-like cells that are Let-7c negative or express both basal and luminal cytokeratins. ABM simulation of population dynamics of double cytokeratin cells supported increased self-renewal in irradiated MCF10A treated with TGFβ. Radiation-induced Notch concomitant with TGFβ was necessary for increased self-renewal of Let-7c negative MCF10A cells but not for EMT, indicating that these are independent processes. Consistent with these data, irradiating adult mice did not increase mammary repopulating activity or ER-negative tumors. These studies suggest that irradiation during puberty transiently increases stem cell self-renewal, which increases susceptibility to developing ER-negative breast cancer. Stem Cells 2014;32:649–661
Supporting Boys as Readers
Authors: Serafini Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe challenges associated with boys and reading are focused on such factors as society's lack of focus on literacy skills, parents failings to inspire reading in boys, and internal motivational factors rather than looking at the environments created for reading in and out of school. In this column, several ideas for helping boys develop a sense of themselves as readers and get the books they want into their hands are offered. Ten instructional strategies are presented for supporting boys as readers.
E‐BEST Principles: Infusing Technology Into the Writing Workshop
Authors: Coskie Tracy L. , Michelle Hornof M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAs teachers work to move their writing workshop into the 21st century and to help students meet new standards expectations, they are ramping up their use of technology. This article lays out a set of guiding principles (E‐BEST) to help teachers make reflective choices, so that the digital technologies in their workshops will enhance and extend student learning.
Selecting “App” ealing and “App” ropriate Book Apps for Beginning Readers
Authors: Cahill Maria , McGill‐Franzen Anne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBeginning with a brief rationale for selecting quality digital picture book apps for beginning readers, the authors describe the elements of digital picture books and provide a brief review of the instructional benefits of digital picture book use for beginning readers. They then present a detailed taxonomy for selecting quality picture book apps. Examples drawn from actual apps available for young children illustrate the concepts addressed.Beginning with a brief rationale for selecting quality digital picture book apps for beginning readers, the authors describe the elements of digital picture books and provide a brief review of the instructional benefits of digital picture book use for beginning readers. They then present a detailed taxonomy for selecting quality picture book apps. Examples drawn from actual apps available for young children illustrate the concepts addressed.
Cognitive aspects of schizophrenia
Authors: Harvey Philip D. 
Published: August 2013

Cognitive impairments are a central feature of schizophrenia and are present in most, if not all, cases. There are multiple domains of impairment seen and the level of severity of impairment is considerable. Impairments can be detected prior to the onset of clinical symptoms and the course of impairments involves some subtle early worsening followed by stability in most cases. Cognitive impairments are associated with functional disability, particularly in domains of vocational functioning and independence of residence. Both pharmacological and cognitive remediation interventions have been employed for the treatment of these impairments, with greater progress to date being made in cognitive remediation interventions. While much is known about cognitive impairments, treatment efforts are still in an early stage of development. WIREs Cogn Sci 2013, 4:599–608. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1253This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Neuroscience > Cognition
Regulation of the seed to seedling developmental phase transition by the LAFL and VAL transcription factor networks
Authors: Jia Haiyan , Suzuki Masaharu , McCarty Donald R. 
Published: August 2013

In the seed, a fundamental transition between embryo and vegetative phases of plant development is coordinated by the interaction between the AFL and VAL sub‐clades of the plant specific B3 domain transcription factor family. The AFL B3 factors together with LEC1‐type HAP3 transcription factors promote embryo maturation; whereas the VAL B3 factors repress the LEC1/AFL (LAFL) network during seed germination. Recent advances reveal that genes in key developmental programs and hormone signaling pathways are downstream targets of the LAFL network highlighting the central role of the LAFL network in integration of intrinsic developmental and hormonal signals during plant development. The VAL B3 proteins are proposed to mediate repression by recruiting a histone deacetylase complex (HDAC) to LAFL genes that contain the Sph/RY cis‐element recognized by AFL and VAL B3‐DNA‐binding domains. In addition to VAL B3 factors, epigenetic mechanisms are implicated in maintaining repression of LAFL network during vegetative development. WIREs Dev Biol 2014, 3:135–145. doi: 10.1002/wdev.126This article is categorized under:

Plant Development > Fertilization, Embryogenesis, and Seed Development
Plant Development > Vegetative Development
A brief account of nanoparticle contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Pan Dipanjan , Kim Benjamin , Wang Lihong V. , Lanza Gregory M 
Published: August 2013

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a hybrid, nonionizing modality offering excellent spatial resolution, deep penetration, and high soft tissue contrast. In PAI, signal is generated based on the absorption of laser‐generated optical energy by endogenous tissues or exogenous contrast agents leading to acoustic emissions detected by an ultrasound transducer. Research in this area over the years has shown that PAI has the ability to provide both physiological and molecular imaging, which can be viewed alone or used in a hybrid modality fashion to extend the anatomic and hemodynamic sensitivities of clinical ultrasound. PAI may be performed using inherent contrast afforded by light absorbing molecules such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and melanin or exogenous small molecule contrast agent such as near infrared dyes and porphyrins. However, this review summarizes the potential of exogenous nanoparticle‐based agents for PAI applications including contrast based on gold particles, carbon nanotubes, and encapsulated copper compounds. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2013, 5:517–543. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1227This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
An interplay between transcription, processing, and degradation determines tRNA levels in yeast
Authors: Wichtowska Dominika , Turowski Tomasz W. , Boguta Magdalena 
Published: August 2013

tRNA biogenesis in yeast involves the synthesis of the initial transcript by RNA polymerase III followed by processing and controlled degradation in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. A vast landscape of regulatory elements controlling tRNA stability in yeast has emerged from recent studies. Diverse pathways of tRNA maturation generate multiple stable and unstable intermediates. A significant impact on tRNA stability is exerted by a variety of nucleotide modifications. Pre‐tRNAs are targets of exosome‐dependent surveillance in the nucleus. Some tRNAs that are hypomodified or bear specific destabilizing mutations are directed to the rapid tRNA decay pathway leading to 5′→3′ exonucleolytic degradation by Rat1 and Xrn1. tRNA molecules are selectively marked for degradation by a double CCA at their 3′ ends. In addition, under different stress conditions, tRNA half‐molecules can be generated by independent endonucleolytic cleavage events. Recent studies reveal unexpected relationships between the subsequent steps of tRNA biosynthesis and the mechanisms controlling its quality and turnover. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:709–722. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1190This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Coordination Frameworks based on 3,5‐Bis(imidazole‐1‐yl)­pyridine and Aromatic Dicarboxylate Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Photoluminescent Properties
Authors: Xu Jiakun , Sun Xiaochun , Yang Lirong , Yan Xincheng , Bi Caifeng , Sun Mi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThree metal coordination polymers [Zn(bdc)(L)(H2O)]n (1), [Co(pta)(L)(H2O)2]n (2), and [Cd(tda)(L)(H2O)]n (3) [H2bdc = 1,2‐benzene dicarboxylate acid, H2pta = terephthalic acid, H2tda = 2,5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid, L = 3,5‐bis(imidazole‐1‐yl)pyridine] were synthesized and structurally characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X‐ray powder diffraction, and X‐ray single crystal diffraction. Complex 1 shows a three‐dimensional (3D) structure with cco topology with the symbol 65·8, whereas complex 2 features a 3D structure with cds topology with the symbol 65·8. Complex 3 has a 2D network constructed by the cadmium atoms bridged through the ligands tda and L. Their X‐ray powder diffraction patterns were compared with the simulated ones. Moreover, their luminescent properties were investigated in the solid state at room temperature, and the thermogravimetric analyses were carried out to study the thermal stability of the 3D networks.