bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technoetic space at risk: The development of a hybrid ecology framework for the spatial (re)configuration of the human condition
Authors: Smith Carl H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hybrid techniques and perceptual technologies that merge the physical and the virtual dimensions of reality are generating a conceptual and experiential working space to reconfigure relationships between the perceiver and the perceived. We are entering a new perceptual paradigm where form, content, and context are merging, generating radical new types of spatial construction.
Through the development of hybrid spatial technologies we can now hack the individual’s sense of space and relationship to the world (transforming the subject/object relationship). How can we develop and use emerging spatial technologies to reconfigure spatial perception? Can we adapt and transform the dominant perceptive regimen, which is still based on the Cartesian split (subject-object separation)? We continue to see ourselves as separated from the environment and still need to digest the new changes brought about by hybrid techniques and methodologies that are shaping these new dimensions of space. How adaptable is our perception? The ability to alter our understanding of space provides us with a new form of spatial (self) control; sub-merging identities. What are the biological risks? What are the limits of stretching the perceptive range of the body?
This article will examine these questions as an opportunity to humanise technology and create a ‘Human Centric Hybrid Literacy’. We will examine which technologies, techniques and navigation methodologies are being used by artists, technologists and designers to enable this new era of spatial augmentation and perceptual adaptation. Some examples include macroscopic navigation, 360 degree vision, new types of perspective (including third and fourth person perspectives) and reverse engineering.
The role that hybrid space plays in the construction and transformation of perception through the practice of context engineering will be examined. Context engineering (Smith, 2013) is understood as an ‘intermediality’ practice for the engagement and augmentation of perception; giving us control over our senses, allowing us to adjust them in real time. Context engineering creates a new economy where we focus less on transforming content (as the primary activity), and more on how we can make our own perception the ‘content’.
Negative association between paraoxonase 2,
anthropometric markers and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Mihai Andrada , Lixandru Daniela , Alexandru Petruta , Stoian Irina , Carniciu Simona , Mitu Manuela , Guja Cristian , Ionescu-Tirgoviste Constantin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) has a great
impact on cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Our aim
was to investigate the association of MS with some oxidant
and antioxidant markers, including pro-and antioxidant
status of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in
newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic mellitus patients (ND-T2D).
Methods 219 ND-T2D and 88 healthy subjects were divided
in two groups according to the absence or presence
of MS. Anthropometric measurements, routine blood
tests, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status
(TAS) and ELISA measurements were included. The
PBMC capacity to release free radicals and to neutralize
them was also determined by measuring the respiratory
burst (RB) together with the lactonase activity of the
intracellular antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2).
Results Comparing ND-T2D MS+ with those MS- the RB of
the PBMC was significantly higher (p<0.05) while lactonase
PON2 enzymatic activity was decreased (p < 0.001). A
negative correlation of RB was found with TAS (r = -0.416, p
< 0.05). PON2 was also negatively correlated with glycaemia
(r = -0.275, p < 0.001), HbA1c (r = -0.308, p < 0.001), weight
(r = -0.183; p < 0.05), waist circumference (r = -0.353,
p < 0.001) and body mass index (r = -0.290, p < 0.001).
Conclusion PON2 lactonase activity is negatively associated
with anthropometric markers in ND-T2D with MS.
Use of ZSM-5 catalyst in deoxygenation of waste cooking oil
Authors: Lovás Peter , Hudec Pavol , Hadvinová Marcela , Ház Aleš 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study investigated the potential use of waste cooking oil (WCO) in the production of engine fuels and valuable chemicals via catalytic cracking. WCO was processed in its pure form and in a mixture with hydrotreated vacuum gas oil (HVGO). Catalytic cracking experiments were performed using a microactivity test (MAT) (simulation of the fluid catalytic cracking environment). In cracking over the standard fluid catalytic cracking equilibrium catalyst (FCC-ECAT), the oxygen contained in the feed was consumed in the formation of CO and CO
Ce(III) immobilised on aminated epichlorohydrin-activated agarose matrix – “green” and efficient catalyst for transamidation of carboxamides
Authors: Zarei Zeinab , Akhlaghinia Batool 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe present study reports the preparation and characterisation of Ce(III) immobilised on an aminated epichlorohydrin-activated agarose matrix (CAEA) as a “green” catalyst. The catalyst was synthesised by the reaction of the epichlorohydrin-activated agarose matrix with ammonia solution, which was then treated with Ce(NO
An Adaptive Wavelet Method for Semi-Linear First-Order System Least Squares
Authors: Chegini Nabi , Stevenson Rob 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We design
an adaptive wavelet scheme for solving first-order system least-squares formulations of second-order elliptic PDEs that converge with the best possible rate in linear complexity.
A wavelet Riesz basis is constructed for the space

H
→

0
,

Γ
N

(
div
;
Ω
)

$\vec{H}_{0,\Gamma _N}(\operatorname{div};\Omega )$

on general polygons. The theoretical findings are illustrated by numerical experiments.
Genesis of ER stress in Huntington’s Disease
Authors: Shenkman Marina , Eiger Hagit , Lederkremer Gerardo Z. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRecent research has identified ER stress as a major mechanism implicated in cytotoxicity in many neurodegenerative diseases, among them Huntington’s disease. This genetic disorder is of late-onset, progressive and fatal, affecting cognition and movement. There is presently no cure nor any effective therapy for the disease. This review focuses on recent findings that shed light on the mechanisms of the advent and development of ER stress in Huntington’s disease and on its implications, highlighting possible therapeutic avenues that are being or could be explored.
The origin of native selenium microparticles during the oxidation of sideritic mudstones in the Veřovice Formation (Outer Western Carpathians)
Authors: Matýsek Dalibor , Skupien Petr 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Microparticles of native selenium were detected in weathered sideritic mudstones of the Veřovice Formation (Aptian) of the Silesian Unit (Outer Western Carpatians, NE part of the Czech Republic). This mineral forms small needle-like crystals with lengths of up to 20 μm, and is confined to fissures in sideritic mudstones covered by goethite or rarely also by hydrated Mn-oxide minerals. The oxidized sideritic mudstones show zonal structure and resemble the initial stage of the formation of the so-called rattle stones. From the superposition of phase diagrams of selenium and Fe-oxyhydroxides, Fe apparently occupies a large field in which Se(0) and FeOOH and/or Fe(OH)3 can co-exist. The reduction of selenites or selenates by pyrite or by any other phase, capable of charge transfer, is likely to have been responsible for the formation of microparticles of native selenium. The crucial factor controlling the origin of these particles is the extremely low solubility of Se(0). The source of Se is not obvious. It can be released in trace concentrations during the weathering of pyrite. Sediments of the Veřovice Formation correspond to the anoxic event OAE1b and accumulation of siderophile elements in similar sediments is very probable. A probable mechanism for the origin of Se microcrystals is gradual crystallization from solution.
Turbidites as indicators of paleotopography, Upper Miocene Lake Pannon, Western Mecsek Mountains (Hungary)
Authors: Sztanó Orsolya , Sebe Krisztina , Csillag Gábor , Magyar Imre 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe floor of Lake Pannon covering the Pannonian Basin in the Late Miocene had considerable relief, including both deep sub-basins, like the Drava Basin, and basement highs, like the Mecsek Mts, in close proximity. The several km thick lacustrine succession in the Drava Basin includes profundal marls, basin-center turbidites, overlain by shales of basin-margin slopes, coarsening-upward deltaic successions and alluvial deposits. Along the margin of the Mecsek Mts locally derived shoreface sands and deltaic deposits from further away have been mapped so far on the surface. Recent field studies at the transition between the two areas revealed a succession that does not fit into either of these environments. A series of sandstone a few meters thick occurs above laminated to bioturbated clayey siltstone. The sandstone show normal grading, plane lamination, flat erosional surfaces, soft-sediment deformations (load and water-escape structures) and sharp-based beds with small reverse faults and folds. These indicate rapid deposition from turbidity currents and their deformation as slumps on an inclined surface. These beds are far too thick and may reveal much larger volumes of mass wasting than is expected on the 20–30 m high delta slopes; however, regional seismic lines also exclude outcropping of deep-basin turbidites. We suggest that slopes with transitional size (less than 100 m high) may have developed on the flank of the Mecsek as a consequence of lake-level rise. Although these slopes were smaller than the usually several hundred meter high clinoforms in the deep basins, they could still provide large enough inertia for gravity flows. This interpretation is supported by the occurrence of sublittoral mollusc assemblages in the vicinity, indicating several tens of meters of water depth. Fossils suggest that sedimentation in this area started about 8 Ma ago.
Nomenclature Adjustments and New Syntaxa of the Arctic, Alpine and Oro-Mediterranean Vegetation
Authors: Chytrý Milan , Danlëls Fred J. A. , Di Pietro Romeo , Koroleva Natalia , Mucina Ladislav 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
During preparation of the European checklist of vegetation units (EuroVegChecklist), it became clear that some earlier described syntaxa need to be typified in order to stabilize nomenclature and some new syntaxa need to be described. Here we propose nomenclature adjustments and formal description of four new alliances for the Arctic, alpine and oro-Mediterranean vegetation of Europe, Greenland and Anatolia. First, we typify the class Juncetea trifidi. Second, we describe four new alliances, such as the Puccinellion nuttallianae (Low-Arctic salt steppes of Greenland; class Saxifrago tricuspidatae-Calamagrostietea purpurascentis), Dryado octopetalae- Caricion arctisibiricae (Arctic tundra vegetation of north-eastern European Russia; class Carici rupestris- Kobresietea bellardii), Leontopodio nivalis-Elynion myosuroidis (southern European alpine tundra vegetation; class Carici rupestris-Kobresietea bellardii) and Lagotido uralensis-Caricion ensifoliae (alpine tundra vegetation of the Southern Ural Mountains; class Juncetea trifidi). Two new associations are described within the first two of these alliances. Finally, we present an interpretation of the alliance Muscario-Scillion nivalis.
Semi-Dry Grassland Restoration in the Se Alpine Foreland of Austria – A Study of Early Spontaneous Colonisation Patterns
Authors: Sengl Philipp , Wagner Viktoria , Magnes Martin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We investigated early spontaneous colonisation patterns during semi-dry grassland restoration at two sites in SE Austria. The sites were left to regenerate passively without addition of plant propagules on a former arable field and an apple orchard. The sites were prepared only by ploughing (arable field) or clear cutting (apple orchard) and subsequently mowed annually. We studied whether, four years after project initiation, target species from adjacent semi-dry grasslands had established at the restored sites. We asked: 1) Does passive restoration lead to the establishment of target species? 2) Do abiotic parameters or distance to reference sites explain early colonisation patterns? 3) Do plant traits predict the colonisation success of different species? At each site, we collected data in 4 m × 4 m plots, in which we sampled the vegetation, analysed abiotic parameters (soil potassium- and phosphorus-content, soil-pH, slope) and recorded the minimum distance to the reference site. We tested for correlations between abiotic variables, plant traits and colonisation success. Colonisation patterns were not driven by abiotic soil conditions but rather by nearest distance to the reference sites. In addition, the vegetation developed differently in the former arable field and the apple orchard. Competitive species of the Arrhenatherion and thermophilic ruderal associations dominated the early restoration stage at both sites. Passive restoration of semi-dry grasslands on former agricultural land is unlikely to succeed unless complemented by initial ploughing, nutrient stripping and addition of propagules of rare species.
The Vegetation of the Buna River Protected Landscape (Albania)
Authors: Fanelli Giuliano , De Sanctis Michele , Gjeta Ermelinda , Mullaj Alfred , Attorre Fabio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe vegetation of Buna River Protected Landscape is described. The area comprises both the alluvial plain of the lower course of the Buna river that marks the boundary between Montenegro and Albania, and a carbonatic range. The vegetation is characterized by a high β-diversity (27 alliances and 46 associations), especially in wetlands and dry grasslands. In the area it is possible to distinguish 1 dunal and 4 hygro-sequences in the alluvial plain and 3 xeroseries in the carbonatic range. Associations Clematido viticellae-Punicetum granati and Periploco graecae-Alnetum glutinosae are described as new.
What Might a Sustainable Population of Trees in Wood-Pasture Sites Look Like?
Authors: Kirby Keith J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Wood-pastures are important for their open-ground biodiversity and for the old trees they contain. However, younger trees to replace the current generation of old trees are often scarce, a potential threat to the future of the habitat mosaic and of species dependent on the trees. A simple model was used to illustrate how many younger trees might be expected under different assumptions of desired final density of old trees and rates of loss as trees age for an oak-dominated wood-pasture. From these the overall canopy cover of the landscape was estimated under an active pollarding regime and where the trees grow to full crown size. Canopy cover was often five times as great under full crown as under a pollarding regime; much of the canopy cover was in the younger (often missing) cohorts. The openness of current wood-pastures is in part a consequence of the absence of a sustainable tree population structure. Some protected sites may be too small to allow space for the missing generation of trees and at the same time retain current levels of openness. Analogies between current wood-pasture structures and ‘natural wood-pastures’ of the pre-Neolithic era must take account of the missing generations of trees.
Exploring Life Forms for Linking Orthopteran Assemblage and Grassland Plant Community
Authors: Labadessa Rocco , Forte Luigi , Mairota Paola 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Orthopterans are well known to represent the majority of insect biomass in many grassland ecosystems. However, the verification of a relationship between the traditional descriptors of orthopteran assemblage structure and plant community patterns is not straightforward. We explore the usefulness of the concept of life forms to provide insights on such ecosystem level relationship. For this purpose, thirty sample sites in semi-natural calcareous grasslands were classified according to the relative proportion of dominant herbaceous plant life forms. Orthopteran species were grouped in four categories, based on the Bei-Bienko’s life form categorization. The association among plant communities, orthopteran assemblages and environmental factors was tested by means of canonical correspondence analysis. Orthoptera groups were found to be associated with distinct plant communities, also indicating the effect of vegetation change on orthopteran assemblages. In particular, geobionta species were associated with all the most disturbed plant communities, while chortobionta and thamnobionta seemed to be dependent on better preserved grassland types. Therefore, the use of life forms could help informing on the relationships of orthopteran assemblages with grassland conservation state. Information on such community relationships at the local scale could also assist managers in the interpretation of habitat change maps in terms of biodiversity changes.
Silane nanofilm formation by sol-gel processes for promoting adhesion of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings to wood surface
Authors: Gholamiyan Hadi , Tarmian Asghar , Ranjbar Zahra , Abdulkhani Ali , Azadfallah Mohammad , Mai Carsten 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to promote the adhesion of waterborne and solvent-borne coatings [polyurethane (PU) and alkyd] on wood surfaces by silane nanofilm formation by means of sol-gel processes. Tetraethoxysilane and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane served as sol-gel materials. The silane-based materials improved the adhesion strength. The positive effects can be explained by the changes in the wood surface chemistry induced by the sol-gel process. High-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed an increase in -C-H and -C-C bonds and a decrease in -C-O bond. Microscopic observation by fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy together with NIS-Elements analysis software showed that the silica component of nanosol covered the whole wood surface homogeneously, whereas alkyd and PU coatings were deposited preferentially in the surface depressions. The combined analysis of energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and XPS demonstrated that the surface was covered with silicon oxides (SiO2) attached to hydrocarbon chains.
Sex variation in patellar tendon kinetics during running
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Taylor Paul John 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe aim of the current investigation was to determine whether female recreational runners exhibit distinct patellar tendon loading patterns in relation to their male counterparts.MethodsTwelve male (age 26.55 ± 4.11 years, height 1.78 ± 0.11 m, mass 77.11 ± 5.06 kg) and twelve female (age 26.67 ± 5.34 years, height 1.67 ± 0.12 m, mass 63.28 ± 9.75 kg) runners ran over a force platform at 4.0 m • s<sup>–1</sup>. Lower limb kinematics were collected using an eight-camera optoelectric motion capture system which operated at 250 Hz. Patellar tendon loads were examined using a predictive algorithm. Sex differences in limb, knee and ankle joint stiffness were examined statistically using independent samples t tests.ResultsThe results indicate that patellar tendon force (male = 6.49 ± 2.28, female = 7.03 ± 1.35) and patelllar tendon loading rate (male = 92.41 ± 32.51, female = 111.05 ± 48.58) were significantly higher in female runners.ConclusionsExcessive tendon loading in female runners indicates that female runners may be at increased risk of patellar tendon pathologies.
Cardiorespiratory fitness, physical activity, and indicators of adiposity in Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Straatmann Viviane Schultz , Veiga Gloria Valeria da 
Published: August 2015

PurposeIn view of the increasing prevalence of overweight at early ages and its possible association with physical inactivity, investigations into the best method to assess physical inactivity and its association with excess weight in epidemiological studies are required. This study aimed to examine the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity with indicators of adiposity in an adolescent population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved a random sample of 697 students aged 12–19 years from public schools in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Overweight was classified according to body mass index. Body fat was measured by bioelectrical impedance, cardiorespiratory fitness by a 9 min run/walk test (T9), and physical activity by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to verify the magnitude of the associations.ResultsAdolescents with poor T9 performance were more likely to be overweight (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–7.0) and have excess body fat (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.3) than those with better performance. Those classified as moderately active by the IPAQ were more likely to have excess body fat than those classified as active (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.2–2.8).ConclusionsBecause of the greater magnitude of the association between cardiorespiratory fitness, as assessed by using the T9, with being overweight and having excess body fat, the T9 may serve as a valuable instrument in the school environment to identify inactive adolescents who are at risk of developing obesity.
Correlates of body image in Polish weight trainers
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Maziarczyk Tomasz 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics.MethodsThe study included 176 males aged 18–31 years with 1–14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered.ResultsApproximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (<i>M</i> = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; <i>M</i> = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (<i>M</i> = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body.ConclusionsMen regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.