bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water quality and dissolved load in the Chirchik and Akhangaran river basins (Uzbekistan, Central Asia)
Authors: Fornasaro Silvia , Ghezzi Lisa , Shukurov Nosir , Petrov Maxim , Petrini Riccardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUzbekistan (Central Asia) is experiencing serious water stress as a consequence of altered climate regime, past over-exploitation, and dependence from neighboring countries for water supply. The Chirchik–Akhangaran drainage basin, in the Tashkent province of Uzbekistan, includes watersheds from the Middle Tien Shan Mountains escarpments and the downstream floodplain of the Chirchik and Akhangaran rivers, major tributaries of the Syrdarya river. Water in the Chirchik–Akhangaran basin is facing potential anthropogenic pressure from different sources at the scale of river reaches, from both industrial and agricultural activities. In this study, the major and trace element chemistry of surface water and groundwater from the Chirchik–Akhangaran basin were investigated, with the aim of addressing the geogenic and anthropogenic contributions to the dissolved load. The results indicate that the geochemistry of water from the upstream catchments reflects the weathering of exposed lithologies. A significant increase in Na+, K+, SO42−, Cl−, and NO3− was observed downstream, indicating loadings from fertilizers used in croplands. However, quality parameters suggest that waters are generally suitable for irrigation purposes, even if the total dissolved solid indicates a possible salinity hazard. The concentration of trace elements (including potentially toxic elements) was lower than the thresholds set for water quality by different regulations. However, an exceedingly high concentration of Zn, Mo, Sb, Pb, Ni, U, As, and B compared with the average river water worldwide was observed. Water in a coal fly-ash large pond related to the Angren coal-fired power plants stands out for the high As, Al, B, Mo, and Sb concentration, having a groundwater contamination potential during infiltration. Spring waters used for drinking purposes meet the World Health Organization and the Republic of Uzbekistan quality standards. However, a surveillance of such drinking-water supplies is suggested. The obtained results are indicators for an improved water resource management.
Flow and Athletic Experts
Authors: Lange Victor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhilosophers frequently refer to ‘flow’ when discussing skill and expertise. This is especially clear when considering the ‘flow argument’ advocated by the Automatic view. Although the Automatic view is a minority position today, many philosophers and scientists endorse the flow argument or central parts of it. The present paper argues that the argument is implausible in the light of current psychological research. It proceeds in two steps. First, the paper argues that the psychological research does not suggest that flow is the only type of psychological state characteristic of optimal expert performance. Experts undergo different states, notably the state of clutch. Second, the paper argues that the psychological research does not suggest that flow states are devoid of conscious supervision in the form of conscious control, self-awareness, or task-related thoughts. Experts execute multiple conscious operations involved in attention control, motivational self-talk, and certain psychological mindsets while being in flow. These considerations oppose the two premises of the flow argument. Moreover, they correct misunderstandings of flow in the broader philosophical and scientific literature.
Are Scientists Changing their Research Productivity Classes When They Move Up the Academic Ladder?
Authors: Kwiek Marek , Roszka Wojciech 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We approach productivity in science in a longitudinal fashion: We track scientists’ careers over time, up to 40 years. We first allocate scientists to decile-based publishing productivity classes, from the bottom 10% to the top 10%. Then, we seek patterns of mobility between the classes in two career stages: assistant professorship and associate professorship. Our findings confirm that radically changing publishing productivity levels (upward or downward) almost never happens. Scientists with a very weak past track record in publications emerge as having marginal chances of becoming scientists with a very strong future track record across all science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) fields. Hence, our research shows a long-term character of careers in science, with one’s publishing productivity during the apprenticeship period of assistant professorship heavily influencing productivity during the more independent period of associate professorship. We use individual-level microdata on academic careers (from a national registry of scientists) and individual-level metadata on publications (from the Scopus raw dataset). Polish associate professors tend to be stuck in their productivity classes for years: High performers tend to remain high performers, and low performers tend to remain low performers over their careers. Logistic regression analysis powerfully supports our two-dimensional results. We examine all internationally visible Polish associate professors in five fields of science in STEMM fields (N = 4,165 with Nart = 71,841 articles).
Parametric study of PEM water electrolyzer performance
Authors: Alkhaldi Shabeeb , Aziz Majid , Amrite Archis , Prasad Ajay K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Green hydrogen can contribute significantly to combating climate change by helping to establish an energy economy that is both sustainable and carbon-free. One pathway to obtaining green hydrogen is by water electrolysis powered by renewable energy. Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising option owing to its high current density at high efficiency. Here, we report on experimental results from a parametric investigation of PEMWE. We have examined the effect of water flow rate at 80 °C using a 5 cm2 PEM electrolyzer cell hardware and lab-fabricated membrane electrode assemblies. The results showed that a water flow rate of 0.08 ml cm−2 min−1 was sufficient to meet the water consumption by electrochemical reactions at the anode as well as water depletion by diffusion and electroosmotic drag. We then employed this optimal flow rate to examine the effect of various operating parameters on PEMWE performance and efficiency such as operating temperature, membrane thickness, flow field channel configuration, and porous transport layers as a function of the applied voltage. The results provide useful insights into the operating conditions for optimal PEMWE performance.

Graphical abstract
Performance of pulse oximeters as a function of race compared to skin pigmentation: a single center retrospective study
Authors: Marlar Audrey I. , Knabe Bradley K. , Taghikhan Yasamin , Applegate Richard L. , Fleming Neal W. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pulse oximetry (SpO2) is a critical monitor for assessing oxygenation status and guiding therapy in critically ill patients. Race has been identified as a potential source of SpO2 error, with consequent bias and inequities in healthcare. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of occult hypoxemia and accuracy of pulse oximetry associated with the Massey-Martin scale and characterize the relationship between Massey scores and self-identified race. This retrospective single institute study utilized the Massey-Martin scale as a quantitative assessment of skin pigmentation. These values were recorded peri-operatively in patients enrolled in unrelated clinical trials. The electronic medical record was utilized to obtain demographics, arterial blood gas values, and time matched SpO2 values for each PaO2 ≤ 125 mmHg recorded throughout their hospitalizations. Differences between SaO2 and SpO2 were compared as a function of both Massey score and self-reported race. 4030 paired SaO2-SpO2 values were available from 579 patients. The average error (SaO2-SpO2) ± SD was 0.23 ± 2.6%. Statistically significant differences were observed within Massey scores and among races, with average errors that ranged from − 0.39 ± 2.3 to 0.53 ± 2.5 and − 0.55 ± 2.1 to 0.37 ± 2.7, respectively. Skin color varied widely within each self-identified race category. There was no clinically significant association between error rates and Massey-Martin scale grades and no clinically significant difference in accuracy observed between self-reported Black and White patients. In addition, self-reported race is not an appropriate surrogate for skin color.
A novel positive end-expiratory pressure titration using electrical impedance tomography in spontaneously breathing acute respiratory distress syndrome patients on mechanical ventilation: an observational study from the MaastrICCht cohort
Authors: Heines S.J.H. , de Jongh S.A.M. , de Jongh F.H.C. , Segers R.P.J. , Gilissen K.M.H. , van der Horst I.C.C. , van Bussel B.C.T. , Bergmans D.C.J.J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is no universally accepted method for positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration approach for patients on spontaneous mechanical ventilation (SMV). Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) guided PEEP-titration has shown promising results in controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), current implemented algorithm for PEEP titration (based on regional compliance measurements) is not applicable in SMV. Regional peak flow (RPF, defined as the highest inspiratory flow rate based on EIT at a certain PEEP level) is a new method for quantifying regional lung mechanics designed for SMV. The objective is to study whether RPF by EIT is a feasible method for PEEP titration during SMV. Single EIT measurements were performed in COVID-19 ARDS patients on SMV. Clinical (i.e., tidal volume, airway occlusion pressure, end-tidal CO2) and mechanical (cyclic alveolar recruitment, recruitment, cumulative overdistension (OD), cumulative collapse (CL), pendelluft, and PEEP) outcomes were determined by EIT at several pre-defined PEEP thresholds (1–10% CL and the intersection of the OD and CL curves) and outcomes at all thresholds were compared to the outcomes at baseline PEEP. In total, 25 patients were included. No significant and clinically relevant differences were found between thresholds for tidal volume, end-tidal CO2, and P0.1 compared to baseline PEEP; cyclic alveolar recruitment rates changed by -3.9% to -37.9% across thresholds; recruitment rates ranged from − 49.4% to + 79.2%; cumulative overdistension changed from − 75.9% to + 373.4% across thresholds; cumulative collapse changed from 0% to -94.3%; PEEP levels from 10 up to 14 cmH2O were observed across thresholds compared to baseline PEEP of 10 cmH2O. A threshold of approximately 5% cumulative collapse yields the optimum compromise between all clinical and mechanical outcomes. EIT-guided PEEP titration by the RPF approach is feasible and is linked to improved overall lung mechanics) during SMV using a threshold of approximately 5% CL. However, the long-term clinical safety and effect of this approach remain to be determined.
Optimal Control Problem with Regular Mixed Constraints via Penalty Functions
Authors: de Pinho Maria do Rosário , Ferreira Maria Margarida A. , Smirnov Georgi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBelow we derive necessary conditions of optimality for problems with mixed constraints (see Dmitruk in Control Cybern 38(4A):923–957, 2009) using the method of penalty functions similar to the one we previously used to solve optimization problems for control sweeping processes (see, e.g., De Pinho et al. in Optimization 71(11):3363–3381, 2022) and, more recently, to solve optimal control problems with pure state constraints (see De Pinho et al. in Syst Control Lett 188:105816, 2024). We intentionally consider a smooth case and the simplest boundary conditions; we consider global minimum and assume that the set of trajectories of the control system is compact. Based on our penalty functions approach we develop a numerical method admitting estimates for its parameters needed to achieve a given precision.
Preconditions and projection: Explaining non-anaphoric presupposition
Authors: Roberts Craige , Simons Mandy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper we articulate a pragmatic account of the projection behavior of three classes of non-anaphoric projective contents: the pre-states of change of state (CoS) predicates, the veridical entailments of factives, and the implication of satisfaction of selectional restrictions. Given evidence that the triggers of these implications are not anaphoric, hence do not impose presuppositional constraints on their local contexts, we argue that the projection behavior of these implications cannot be explained by the standard Karttunen/Heim/van der Sandt proposals. But we recognize that parallels between the projection behavior of these implications and the projection behavior of anaphorically-triggered implications must be explained. The current account offers a unified explanation of why the predicates in question give rise to projection at all; why projection of these implications is susceptible to contextual suppression; and why projection is systematically filtered in the standard Karttunen filtering environments, despite the absence of contextual constraints. We demonstrate that our account largely makes the same predictions for filtering of anaphoric and non-anaphoric presuppositions, and briefly support the claim that in the case of disjunction, filtering in the two cases is not fully parallel, as predicted by our account. We also briefly discuss how the well-documented variability in projection across predicates in the same semantic class can be understood within our approach.
Thermomechanical characterisation and plane stress linear viscoelastic modelling of ethylene-tetra-fluoroethylene foils
Authors: Comitti Alessandro , Bosi Federico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEthylene-tetra-fluoroethylene (ETFE) is a polymer employed in tension membrane structures with mechanical properties that strongly depend on time and temperature effects. A comprehensive understanding of the mutual influence of these variables and a unified viscoelastic constitutive model design can enable wider exploitation of ETFE in sustainable lightweight construction. This study presents a thermomechanical characterisation of ETFE foils through quasi-static tensile experiments spanning two orders of magnitude of strain rates, creep, relaxation, shear and dynamic cyclic tests in a wide range of temperatures suitable for building applications, from $-20^{\circ }\text{ C}$
−

20
∘

C
to $60^{\circ }\text{ C}$

60
∘

C
. The experimental results in different material orientations are used to identify the limits of the linear viscoelastic domain, define the direction-dependent creep compliance master curves and calibrate the parameters of a plane stress orthotropic linear viscoelastic model, employing the Boltzmann superposition and the time-temperature superposition principles. The model has been numerically implemented using a recursive integration algorithm and its code is provided open source. A validation on independently acquired data shows the accuracy of the constitutive model in predicting ETFE behaviour within the linear viscoelastic regime usually adopted during structural design, with excellent extrapolation capabilities outside the range of the calibration data.
Blood-tumor barrier in focus - investigation of glioblastoma-induced effects on the blood-brain barrier
Authors: Mathew-Schmitt Sanjana , Peindl Matthias , Neundorf Philipp , Dandekar Gudrun , Metzger Marco , Nickl Vera , Appelt-Menzel Antje 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent, malignant, primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by limited treatment options, frequent relapse, and short survival after diagnosis. Until now, none of the existing therapy and treatment approaches have proven to be an effective cure. The availability of predictive human blood-tumor barrier (BTB) test systems that can mimic in-vivo pathophysiology of GBM would be of great interest in preclinical research. Here, we present the establishment of a new BTB in-vitro test system combining GBM spheroids and BBB models derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).

Methods
We co-cultured hiPSC-derived brain capillary endothelial-like cells (iBCECs) with GBM spheroids derived from U87-MG and U373-MG cell lines in a cell culture insert-based format. Spheroids were monitored over 168 hours (h) of culture, characterized for GBM-specific marker expression and treated with standard chemotherapeutics to distinguish inhibitory effects between 2D mono-culture and 3D spheroids. GBM-induced changes on iBCECs barrier integrity were verified via measurement of transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), immunocytochemical staining of tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-5 and occludin as well as the glucose transporter-1 (Glut-1). GBM-induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was additionally quantified.

Results
Our hypothesis was validated by reduced expression of TJ proteins, occludin and claudin-5 together with significant barrier breakdown in iBCECs after only 24 h of co-culture, demonstrated by reduction in TEER from 1313 ± 265 Ω*cm2 to 712 ± 299 Ω*cm2 (iBCECs + U87-MG) and 762 ± 316 Ω*cm2 (iBCECs + U373-MG). Furthermore, 3D spheroids show more resistance to standard GBM chemotherapeutics in-vitro compared to 2D cultures.

Conclusions
We demonstrate the establishment of a simplified, robust in-vitro BTB test system, with potential application in preclinical therapeutic screening and in studying GBM-induced pathological changes at the BBB.
Effects of pendulum orientation and excitation type on the energy harvesting performance of a pendulum based wave energy converter
Authors: Reid Mollie , Sorokin Vladislav , Aw Kean 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith global electricity requirements due to increase in the coming years and growing pressure to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, universal demand for renewable energy is projected to grow. Marine energy, including wave energy, is an active research area, with potential to meet future energy demands, due to its high energy density. With a view to using a pendulum system in a floating object to extract energy from ocean waves, this paper analyses the effects of pendulum orientation and excitation type on the system’s dynamics. Three excitation scenarios, surge, heave and dynamic tilt of the floating object, with various pendulum orientations, were analysed and simulated. Both linearised and nonlinear systems were investigated with the former providing insight into the nonlinear system’s behaviour. Effects of pendulum orientation on power output potential differs significantly with excitation type and pendulum properties. While expected peak power output is observed at the resonant frequency and twice the resonant frequency under direct and parametric excitations respectively for both systems, the linearised system also exhibits regions of instability. These instability regions under parametric excitations were investigated with consideration for energy harvesting applications. Theoretical and experimental findings revealed that dynamic tilt excitations can be utilised for broadband energy harvesting at the expense of the peak power output. While peak average power output for these excitations for the considered system parameters is relatively low, 1 W versus 12.5 W for heave excitation, the bandwidth is very broad and starts from 0 rad/s frequency if tilt excitation amplitude is above 1.1 rad.
Abduction, Skepticism, and Indirect Realism
Authors: Carter J Adam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMoore and Russell thought that perceptual knowledge of the external world is based on abductive inference from information about our experience. Sosa maintains that this ‘indirect realist’ strategy has no prospects of working. Vogel disagrees and thinks it can and does work perfectly well, and his reasoning (and variations on that reasoning) seem initially promising, moreso than other approaches. My aim, however, will be to adjudicate this dispute in favor of Sosa’s pessimistic answer, and in doing so, to better uncover the important role abductive inference does have in a wider theory of perceptual knowledge, even if it doesn’t feature in any promising vindication of (anti-skeptical) indirect realism.
Someone Like Me? Disability Identity and Representation Perceptions
Authors: Reher Stefanie , Evans Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStudies have shown that citizens from minoritized groups, including women and people of color, tend to feel better represented by politicians who share their identity, often translating into electoral support. Is this also the case for disabled people, one of the largest yet often ignored minority groups in our societies? Analyses of data from a conjoint survey experiment with 6,000 respondents in the UK and US show that disabled people indeed feel better represented by disabled candidates. This representational link does not require a sense of group identity and is only partly explained by perceptions of shared policy preferences. The study also reveals that non-disabled people feel better represented by non-disabled candidates. The findings highlight the relevance of disability as a political identity, bolstering calls for more disabled people in politics, and might help explain the disability gaps in political trust and participation.
COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures version 2.0
Authors: Mokkink Lidwine B. , Elsman Ellen B.M. , Terwee Caroline B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important tools to select the most suitable PROM for a study or clinical application. Conducting these reviews is challenging, and the quality of these reviews needs to be improved. We updated the COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs, including the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, and the COSMIN criteria for good measurement properties.

Methods
Adaptations to the methodology were based on our experience with applying the COSMIN guideline, through discussions among the authors, and results from two related Delphi studies.

Results
The updated guideline places more emphasis on key aspects that are often missing or sub optimally conducted in published systematic reviews of PROMs, such as formulating a well-defined research question and developing a comprehensive search strategy, assessing risk of bias, applying criteria for good measurement properties, summarizing results, and grading the quality of the evidence. We also stress the importance of evaluating the measurement properties of each subscale of a PROM separately and evaluating content validity of all included PROMs.

Conclusion
The quality of systematic reviews of PROMs can be improved by using this updated version of the COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of PROMs. Improved quality will lead to better PROM selection and increased standardization of PROM use.