bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carboxymethyl lysine, an advanced glycation end product, and incident diabetes: a case–cohort analysis of the ARIC Study
Authors: Luft V. C. , Duncan B. B. , Schmidt M. I. , Chambless L. E. , Pankow J. S. , Hoogeveen R. C. , Couper D. J. , Heiss G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo verify whether elevated fasting levels of circulating carboxymethyl lysine (CML), an advanced glycation end product, predict the development of diabetes in middle‐age adults.MethodsUsing a stratified case–cohort design, we followed 543 middle‐aged individuals who developed diabetes and 514 who did not over a median 9 years in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to account for the design.ResultsIn weighted analyses, correlation between CML levels and anthropometric, inflammatory or metabolic variables was minimal (Pearson correlations usually < 0.10). CML, when modelled as a continuous variable and after adjustment for age, sex, race, centre, parental history of diabetes, BMI, waist‐to‐hip ratio, non‐esterified fatty acids, oxidized LDL‐cholesterol, GFR, smoking, an inflammation score, adiponectin, leptin, insulin and glucose levels, was associated with an increased risk of diabetes [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09–1.67, for each 100 ng/ml CML increment]. Baseline glucose level and race each modified the association (P < 0.05 for interaction), which was present only among those with impaired fasting glucose (≥ 5.6 mmol/l, HR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.26–2.05) and among white participants (HR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–1.99).ConclusionsElevated fasting CML, after adjustment for multiple risk factors for diabetes, predicts the development of incident diabetes, the association being present among those with impaired fasting glucose and in white participants. These prospective findings suggest that advanced glycation end products might play a role in the development of diabetes.
Detection of artificially induced vertical root fractures of different widths by cone beam computed tomography in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Makeeva I. M. , Byakova S. F. , Novozhilova N. E. , Adzhieva E. K. , Golubeva G. I. , Grachev V. I. , Kasatkina I. V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimsTo compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for the detection of artificially induced vertical root fractures (VRFs) of different widths in vitro and in vivo.MethodologyVertical root fractures were induced in 25 extracted nonendodontically treated single‐rooted human teeth (maxillary first premolars, maxillary canines and mandibular incisors). Twenty teeth without VRFs served as a control group. CBCT scanning (3D Accuitomo 170) was performed in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo scanning, teeth were autoclaved, embedded into bite plates, placed in sterile plastic bags and then inserted into the mouths of volunteers. Teeth with VRFs were sectioned into axial slices and examined using a stereomicroscope to measure the widths of the VRFs. Five observers assessed the presence of VRFs using axial CBCT. Values for sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and interexaminer agreement were calculated.ResultsThe accuracy, specificity and sensitivity of CBCT were significantly higher in vitro than in vivo for VRFs with widths 50–150 μm (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and accuracy of CBCT were significantly higher for the detection of VRFs with widths greater than 150 μm in vivo and in vitro (P < 0.05). The accuracy of CBCT in vivo was 0.29 and 0.8 for fracture widths ranging from 50 to 150 μm and wider than 150 μm, respectively. No significant differences in CBCT specificity were found between VRF widths both in vitro and in vivo. The interexaminer reliability of the raters revealed a kappa value of 0.72, demonstrating substantial agreement.ConclusionThe detectability of VRFs by CBCT in vitro and in vivo was dependent upon fracture width. The accuracy of CBCT in detecting VRFs of 50–300 μm width in vivo was significantly lower compared to the in vitro accuracy.
An integrated production–distribution inventory system involving probabilistic defective and errors in quality inspection under variable setup cost
Authors: Priyan S. , Uthayakumar R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a probabilistic defective vendor–buyer integrated inventory model with the consideration of quality inspection errors at the buyer's end and setup cost as function of capital investment. An integrated inventory model is established to find the optimal solutions of lot size, setup cost, and the total number of shipments from the vendor to the buyer in one production run, so that the joint expected total cost incurred has the minimum value. We consider three types of continuous probabilistic defective function to find the associated cost of the system. The expected total cost function is derived for each of these three distributions, its convexity is proved via differential calculus. An efficient iterative algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal solution of the model. The computational effort and time are small for the proposed algorithm and it is simple to implement. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are used to demonstrate the application and the performance of the proposed methodology. The computational results indicate that if we make decisions with the capital investment in reducing setup cost, it will help to lower the system cost, and we obtain a significant amount of savings to increase the competitive edge in business.
Monoterpene biosynthesis potential of plant subcellular compartments
Authors: Dong Lemeng , Jongedijk Esmer , Bouwmeester Harro , Van Der Krol Alexander 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Subcellular monoterpene biosynthesis capacity based on local geranyl diphosphate (GDP) availability or locally boosted GDP production was determined for plastids, cytosol and mitochondria.

A geraniol synthase (GES) was targeted to plastids, cytosol, or mitochondria. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana indicated local GDP availability for each compartment but resulted in different product levels. A GDP synthase from Picea abies (PaGDPS1) was shown to boost GDP production. PaGDPS1 was also targeted to plastids, cytosol or mitochondria and PaGDPS1 and GES were coexpressed in all possible combinations.

Geraniol and geraniol‐derived products were analyzed by GC‐MS and LC‐MS, respectively. GES product levels were highest for plastid‐targeted GES, followed by mitochondrial‐ and then cytosolic‐targeted GES. For each compartment local boosting of GDP biosynthesis increased GES product levels.

GDP exchange between compartments is not equal: while no GDP is exchanged from the cytosol to the plastids, 100% of GDP in mitochondria can be exchanged to plastids, while only 7% of GDP from plastids is available for mitochondria. This suggests a direct exchange mechanism for GDP between plastids and mitochondria. Cytosolic PaGDPS1 competes with plastidial GES activity, suggesting an effective drain of isopentenyl diphosphate from the plastids to the cytosol.
Cytokinin‐induced promotion of root meristem size in the fern Azolla supports a shoot‐like origin of euphyllophyte roots
Authors: de Vries Jan , Fischer Angela Melanie , Roettger Mayo , Rommel Sophie , Schluepmann Henriette , Bräutigam Andrea , Carlsbecker Annelie , Gould Sven Bernhard 
Published: September 2015

Summary

The phytohormones cytokinin and auxin orchestrate the root meristem development in angiosperms by determining embryonic bipolarity. Ferns, having the most basal euphyllophyte root, form neither bipolar embryos nor permanent embryonic primary roots but rather an adventitious root system. This raises the questions of how auxin and cytokinin govern fern root system architecture and whether this can tell us something about the origin of that root.

Using Azolla filiculoides, we characterized the influence of IAA and zeatin on adventitious fern root meristems and vasculature by Nomarski microscopy. Simultaneously, RNAseq analyses, yielding 36 091 contigs, were used to uncover how the phytohormones affect root tip gene expression.

We show that auxin restricts Azolla root meristem development, while cytokinin promotes it; it is the opposite effect of what is observed in Arabidopsis. Global gene expression profiling uncovered 145 genes significantly regulated by cytokinin or auxin, including cell wall modulators, cell division regulators and lateral root formation coordinators.

Our data illuminate both evolution and development of fern roots. Promotion of meristem size through cytokinin supports the idea that root meristems of euphyllophytes evolved from shoot meristems. The foundation of these roots was laid in a postembryonically branching shoot system.
Genetic variation and selfing rate in Lychnis flos‐cuculi along an industrial pollution gradient
Authors: Dulya Olesya V. , Mikryukov Vladimir S. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

We studied nine populations of a meadow mixed‐mating plant Lychnis flos‐cuculi growing in a gradient of copper smelter emissions. We hypothesize that metal tolerant populations in the polluted areas have experienced a loss of genetic variation and are more selfing than the populations from the unpolluted areas.

One hundred and thirty‐five parental plants and 1059 offspring were genotyped with six microsatellite markers. Selfing rates were assessed manually, with Rmes, Mltr and Colony2. Soil toxicity, population density and pollinators' activity were estimated in the studied areas.

Populations from the heavily polluted area have experienced a strong founder effect. However, at present, they are characterized by high densities. A recent genetic explosion was registered for the population from the most polluted site, probably due to forest thinning under pollution effects. Selfing rates estimated with different approaches agreed well only for populations with high genetic variation; they comprised 0–0.23 and were similar between polluted and clean areas.

Self‐fertilization in L. flos‐cuculi hardly represents a mechanism for the fixation of advantageous alleles and a barrier for gene flow from non‐tolerant populations. The employment of different methods of selfing rate estimation in populations with low genetic variation appears to be necessary, though not a guarantee of reliable conclusions.
Examining the cause of high inbreeding depression: analysis of whole‐genome sequence data in 28 selfed progeny of Eucalyptus grandis
Authors: Hedrick Philip W. , Hellsten Uffe , Grattapaglia Dario 
Published: September 2015

Summary

The genome‐wide heterozygosity at 9590 genes, all heterozygous in a single Eucalyptus grandis parent tree, was examined in a group of 28 S1 offspring. Heterozygosity ranged from 52–79%, averaging 65.5%, much higher than the 50% expected under random segregation, supporting the occurrence of strong (47%) selection against homozygosity.

The expected pattern of heterozygosity from theoretical calculations and simulations for recessive detrimentals (pseudo‐overdominance) and intrinsic heterozygote advantage was examined and compared with that observed. The observed patterns are consistent with at least several detrimental loci with large effects on both parental chromosomes of the 11 pairs. It is likely that 100 or more genes, many with substantial effects on viability, are contributing to this inbreeding depression.

Although our genome‐wide analysis of nearly 10 000 genes strongly suggested that pseudo‐overdominance was responsible for the observed high inbreeding depression, heterozygote advantage could not be excluded.

Finding inconvertible evidence of the cause of inbreeding depression still presents a difficult challenge. This study is the first theoretical examination of the genomic effect of inbreeding in a forest tree and provides an approach to analyze these data to determine the extent and cause of inbreeding depression across other plant genomes.
Consensus Sequence of 27 African Horse Sickness Virus Genomes from Viruses Collected over a 76-Year Period (1933 to 2009)
Authors: Potgieter A. Christiaan , Wright Isabella M. , van Dijk Alberdina A. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
We announce the complete consensus genome sequence of 27 African horse sickness viruses, representing all nine African horse sickness virus (AHSV) serotypes from historical and recent isolates collected over a 76-year period (1933 to 2009). The data set includes the sequence of the virulent Office International des Epizooties AHSV reference strains which are not adapted to cell culture.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Bordetella pertussis Strain with the Virulence-Associated Allelic Variant
ptxP3
, Isolated in Italy
Authors: Anselmo A. , Buttinelli G. , Ciammaruconi A. , Midulla F. , Nicolai A. , Fortunato A. , Palozzi A. , Fillo S. , Lista F. , Stefanelli P. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Despite a universal immunization program, pertussis has persisted and resurged, and is of particular concern for infants in terms of morbidity and mortality. Here, we report the genome sequence of a
Bordetella pertussis
strain with the virulence-associated allelic variant
ptxP3
, isolated from a 45-day-old infant.
Complete Genome Sequence of Achromobacter xylosoxidans MN001, a Cystic Fibrosis Airway Isolate
Authors: Badalamenti Jonathan P. , Hunter Ryan C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The genome of
Achromobacter xylosoxidans
MN001, a strain isolated from sputum derived from an adult cystic fibrosis patient, was sequenced using combined single-molecule real-time and Illumina sequencing. Assembly of the complete genome resulted in a 5,876,039-bp chromosome, representing the smallest
A. xylosoxidans
genome sequenced to date.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Dickeya
sp. Isolates B16 (NIB Z 2098) and S1 (NIB Z 2099) Causing Soft Rot of
Phalaenopsis
Orchids
Authors: Alič Špela , Naglič Tina , Llop Pablo , Toplak Nataša , Koren Simon , Ravnikar Maja , Dreo Tanja 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

The genus
Dickeya
contains bacteria causing soft rot of economically important crops and ornamental plants. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two
Dickeya
sp. isolates from rotted leaves of
Phalaenopsis
orchids.
Association of 12 h shifts and nurses’ job satisfaction, burnout and intention to leave: findings from a cross-sectional study of 12 European countries
Authors: Dall'Ora Chiara , Griffiths Peter , Ball Jane , Simon Michael , Aiken Linda H 
Published: September 2015

Objectives12 h shifts are becoming increasingly common for hospital nurses but there is concern that long shifts adversely affect nurses’ well-being, job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. The aim of this study is to examine the association between working long shifts and burnout, job dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with work schedule flexibility and intention to leave current job among hospital nurses.MethodsCross-sectional survey of 31 627 registered nurses in 2170 general medical/surgical units within 488 hospitals across 12 European countries.ResultsNurses working shifts of ≥12 h were more likely than nurses working shorter hours (≤8) to experience burnout, in terms of emotional exhaustion (adjusted OR (aOR)=1.26; 95% CI 1.09 to 1.46), depersonalisation (aOR=1.21; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) and low personal accomplishment (aOR=1.39; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.62). Nurses working shifts of ≥12 h were more likely to experience job dissatisfaction (aOR=1.40; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.62), dissatisfaction with work schedule flexibility (aOR=1.15; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.35) and report intention to leave their job due to dissatisfaction (aOR=1.29; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.48).ConclusionsLonger working hours for hospital nurses are associated with adverse outcomes for nurses. Some of these adverse outcomes, such as high burnout, may pose safety risks for patients as well as nurses.
Validation of a survey tool to assess the patient safety attitudes of pharmacy students
Authors: Walpola Ramesh L , Fois Romano A , Carter Stephen R , McLachlan Andrew J , Chen Timothy F 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivePatient safety education is a key strategy to minimise harm, and is increasingly being introduced into junior pharmacy curricula. However, currently there is no valid and reliable survey tool to measure the patient safety attitudes of pharmacy students. This study aimed to validate a modified survey tool, originally developed by Madigoskyet al, to evaluate patient safety attitudes of junior pharmacy students.DesignA 23-item cross-sectional patient safety survey tool was utilised to evaluate first and second year pharmacy students’ attitudes during May 2013 with both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses performed to understand the psychometric properties of the survey tool and to establish construct validity.SettingUndergraduate university students in Sydney, AustraliaParticipants245 first year and 201 second year students enrolled in the Bachelor of Pharmacy Programme at The University of Sydney, Australia in May 2013.ResultsAfter exploratory factor analysis on first year student responses (55.76% variance explained) and confirmatory factor analysis on second year responses, a 5-factor model consisting of 14 items was obtained with satisfactory model fit (χ2(66)=112.83, p<0.001, RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.91) and nesting between year groups (Δχ2(7)=3.079, p=0.878). The five factors measured students’ attitudes towards: (1) being quality improvement focused, (2) internalising errors regardless of harm, (3) value of contextual learning, (4) acceptability of questioning more senior healthcare professionals’ behaviour and (5) attitude towards open disclosure.ConclusionsThis study has established the reliability and validity of a modified survey tool to evaluate patient safety attitudes of pharmacy students, with the potential for use in course development and evaluation.
Improving induction of labour - a quality improvement project addressing Caesarean section rates and length of process in women undergoing induction of labour
Authors: O'Dwyer Sabrina , Raniolo Caterina , Roper Janice , Gupta Manish 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInduction of labour (IOL) in maternity care is often not an area of priority in maternity services, which often results in protracted delays, a poor patient experience, and patient complaints. Caesarean section (CS) rates among women undergoing IOL at this inner city district general hospital were noted to be higher than other units nationwide.We collected pre and post-intervention data of the following outcome measures: time taken to administer prostaglandin after arrival, time taken to achieve established labour, mode of delivery, and user satisfaction scores. Our introduction of a dedicated IOL Suite, promotion of out-patient IOL, use of a single administration prostaglandin (as opposed to traditional six hourly prostaglandin), widespread staff engagement and rolling audit has resulted in positive change in the maternity unit. CS rates for women undergoing IOL have been reduced from 29% to 22% (p=0.05), time taken to administer the induction medication has decreased from 6.3h to 2.7h (p=0.0001), and out-patient induction rates have increased from 3% to 33% (p=0.001).We have achieved a reduction in the overall length of in-patient stay. We have also received positive feedback from both staff and patients. We used a bottom-up approach, engaging frontline staff in problem identification and pathway design. Our staff engagement questionnaire showed other benefits such as increased staff morale as a result.Collection of simple performance data and sharing of this in real time with staff acts as a valuable tool for acceptance of change and continuous improvement. Communicating plans to a large body of people is important in ensuring the success of an intervention. Staff showing disengagement may require specific detailed information to allay their concerns. Following initial successes, ongoing vigilance, and collection of audit data is key to sustaining any improvement.
Improving timely medical reviews for patients discharged from intensive care
Authors: Kumar Prashant 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransferring patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a general ward is commonly associated with error and adverse events, and is one of the most challenging and high-risk transitions of care. Patients discharged from ICUs often require sustained intensive multi-disciplinary team input, part of which can be provided by nurse or clinician-led outreach teams. Unfortunately, due to a lack of resources many institutions do not have such programmes. We work in one such hospital with no ICU outreach service for recently discharged patients.We noted that a disproportionate number of patients recently discharged from the ICU needed acute medical reviews by on-call evening and overnight junior doctors. Furthermore we noted that many of these patients had not been reviewed by their medical team after having arrived onto the general ward from the ICU.We aimed to foster a fundamental culture change within junior doctors to review patients within six hours of arrival onto a ward from the ICU. We introduced simple and low-cost interventions that included educational sessions for junior doctors and ward-based nurses, as well as posters that acted as visual reminders in relevant departments.Overall, the number of patients discharged from the ICU to general wards that were reviewed within six hours improved from 22% to 70% in the space of six months. In the same period, the number of patients requiring an acute medical review by the evening or overnight on-call junior doctor dropped from 14% to 0%.Whilst our project is not necessarily appropriate for many larger institutions that already have outreach teams in place, it is certainly applicable to other similar sized smaller hospitals. We hope that others who face the same inherent barriers are inspired to implement similar projects, to bring about positive change, and ultimately improve the safety of their patients.
O impulso e o salto: Boal em Nova Iorque (1953-1955)
Authors: Betti Maria Silvia 
Published: September 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artigo aborda as características do trabalho dos professores, críticos e dramaturgos com os quais Augusto Boal teve contato durante seu período de estudos na Universidade de Columbia, em Nova York, entre 1953 e 1955. </span></p></div></div></div>
Considerações sobre História do teatro brasileiro
Authors: Mostaço Edelcio 
Published: September 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 2"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>O texto aborda defasagens metodológicas e discursivas existentes no livro </span><em>História do teatro brasileiro</em><span>, obra coordenada por João Roberto Faria. Mencionado em dois de seus capítulos, sinto-me na obrigação de refutar as objeções ali presentes, salientando divergências e pontos de vista. </span></p></div></div></div>