bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a selective CXCR2 antagonist (AZD5069) on human blood neutrophil count and innate immune functions
Authors: Jurcevic Stipo , Humfrey Charles , Uddin Mohib , Warrington Steve , Larsson Bengt , Keen Christina 
Published: July 2015

AimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether selective antagonism of the cysteine‐X‐cysteine chemokine receptor‐2 (CXCR2) receptor has any adverse effects on the key innate effector functions of human neutrophils for defence against microbial pathogens.MethodsIn a double‐blind, crossover study, 30 healthy volunteers were randomized to treatment with the CXCR2 antagonist AZD5069 (100 mg) or placebo, twice daily orally for 6 days. The peripheral blood neutrophil count was assessed at baseline, daily during treatment and in response to exercise challenge and subcutaneous injection of granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF). Neutrophil function was evaluated by phagocytosis of Escherichia coli and by the oxidative burst response to E. coli.ResultsAZD5069 treatment reversibly reduced circulating neutrophil count from baseline by a mean [standard deviation (SD)] of −1.67 (0.67) ×109 l–1 vs. 0.19 (0.78) ×109 l–1 for placebo on day 2, returning to baseline by day 7 after the last dose. Despite low counts on day 4, a 10‐min exercise challenge increased absolute blood neutrophil count, but the effect with AZD5069 was smaller and not sustained, compared with placebo treatment. Subcutaneous G‐CSF on day 5 caused a substantial increase in blood neutrophil count in both placebo‐ and AZD5069‐treated subjects. Superoxide anion production in E. coli‐stimulated neutrophils and phagocytosis of E. coli were unaffected by AZD5069 (P = 0.375, P = 0.721, respectively vs. baseline, Day 4). AZD5069 was well tolerated.ConclusionsCXCR2 antagonism did not appear adversely to affect the mobilization of neutrophils from bone marrow into the peripheral circulation, phagocytosis or the oxidative burst response to bacterial pathogens. This supports the potential of CXCR2 antagonists as a treatment option for diseases in which neutrophils play a pathological role.
Pharmacokinetics of tralokinumab in adolescents with asthma: implications for future dosing
Authors: Baverel Paul G. , Jain Meena , Stelmach Iwona , She Dewei , Agoram Balaji , Sandbach Sara , Piper Edward , Kuna Piotr 
Published: July 2015

AimsTralokinumab, an investigational human immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody, potently and specifically neutralizes interleukin‐13, a central mediator of asthma. Tralokinumab has shown improvements in clinical endpoints in adults with uncontrolled asthma. The present study explored the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of a single tralokinumab dose, and utilized a population PK modelling and simulation approach to evaluate the optimal dosing strategy for adolescents.MethodsAdolescent subjects with asthma, using daily controller medication, received a single subcutaneous dose of tralokinumab 300 mg. Safety, immunogenicity and PK data were collected during a 57‐day follow‐up. A population PK model was developed using data from the present study and prior studies in adults. Simulations were performed to evaluate dose adjustment requirements for adolescents.ResultsTwenty adolescents (12–17 years) were enrolled; all completed the study. No clinically relevant safety findings or antidrug antibodies were detected. PK parameters were similar to those observed in adults. PK modelling showed that body weight was a minor predictor of tralokinumab PK; after incorporating body weight into the PK model, a 15% (nonparametric 95% confidence interval 5%, 26%) lower clearance was found in adolescents compared with adults [173 (151, 209) vs. 204 (191, 229) ml day–1]. Simulations showed no therapeutically relevant differences in exposures between adolescent and adult populations, and similar PK profiles for weight‐based (4 mg kg–1) and fixed (300 mg) fortnightly subcutaneous doses of tralokinumab.ConclusionSingle‐dose administration of tralokinumab 300 mg in adolescents was well tolerated, with a PK profile similar to that in adults. Exposure predictions suggest that dose adjustment is not required for adolescents.
Effect of maternal diet on offspring coping styles in rodents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Besson Anne A. , Lagisz Malgorzata , Senior Alistair M. , Hector Katie L. , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTMaternal nutrition can have long‐term effects on offspring morphology, physiology and behaviours. However, it is unclear whether mothers ‘program’ offspring behavioural coping strategy (proactive/reactive) according to the predicted nutritional quality of their future environment. We conducted a systematic review on this topic and meta‐analytically synthesized relevant experimental data on mice and rats (46 studies). We included data from experiments where dams were subjected to caloric restriction, protein restriction or overfeeding around gestation and subsequently measured offspring activity, exploration, or anxiety. Overall, little evidence existed for effects of maternal nutrition on the three investigated behavioural traits. The high heterogeneity observed in the data set suggests that maternal programming may sometimes occur. However, because offspring had access to a balanced diet before testing, behaviours may have been reprogrammed. Our results may indicate that reprogrammed behaviours could ameliorate negative effects associated with sub‐optimal nutrition in early life. Further, our systematic review revealed clear knowledge gaps and fruitful future research avenues.
Long‐Term Effects of Parenting‐Focused Preventive Interventions to Promote Resilience of Children and Adolescents
Authors: Sandler Irwin , Ingram Alexandra , Wolchik Sharlene , Tein Jenn‐Yun , Winslow Emily 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this article, we address three questions concerning the long‐term effects of parenting‐focused preventive interventions: (a) Do prevention programs promote effective parenting in families facing normative stressors as well as those facing frequent adversity? (b) Do parenting programs prevent children's long‐term problems? (c) Do changes in parenting mediate long‐term effects of programs? We address these questions by summarizing evidence from 22 programs with randomized trials and followups of 3 years or longer. We describe in more detail two interventions for divorced and bereaved families, suggesting that they prevent a range of problems and promote a range of developmental competencies over a prolonged period. Program effects to strengthen parenting mediated many of these long‐term outcomes.
Serum testosterone predicts cardiorespiratory fitness impairment in normal‐weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bacchi Elisabetta , Negri Carlo , Di Sarra Daniela , Tosi Flavia , Tarperi Cantor , Moretta Rossella , Schena Federico , Bonora Enzo , Kaufman Jean‐Marc , Moghetti Paolo 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveLimited literature has shown that maximal oxygen consumption (V'O2max), that is the maximal capacity of an individual to perform aerobic work, may be lowered in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, it remains unclear whether this impairment is associated with PCOS per se or is entirely due to body fat excess. Our objective was to assess whether cardiorespiratory fitness is altered in normal‐weight PCOS women and to investigate which factors are associated with this phenomenon.SubjectsFifteen normal‐weight PCOS women and 15 age‐ and BMI‐matched healthy controls. Fourteen subjects in each group completed the protocol.MeasurementsV'O2max and ventilatory thresholds (maximal incremental cycle ergometer test with breath‐by‐breath analysis of gas exchange), insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp) and androgenaemia (serum total and free testosterone, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and equilibrium dialysis) were accurately assessed.ResultsMaximal V'O2 and power were strikingly impaired in normal‐weight PCOS individuals, as compared with healthy controls (29·4 ± 1·5 vs 35·8 ± 1·6 ml O2/kg/min, P = 0·008; 138 ± 6 vs 170 ± 10 W, P = 0·011, respectively). Similarly, oxygen consumption and power at both the first and second ventilatory thresholds were significantly lower in PCOS subjects than in healthy women. In multiple regression analysis, V'O2max was negatively predicted by serum‐free testosterone levels, but not by body fat mass and glucose disposal rate (R2 = 0·45 P = 0·013).ConclusionsCardiorespiratory fitness is impaired in normal‐weight PCOS women. Androgen excess but not insulin sensitivity is associated with this alteration.
Discomfort/pain due to pocket probing at teeth and endosseous implants: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ringeling Jennifer , Parvini Puria , Weinbach Christoph , Nentwig Georg‐Hubertus , Nickles Katrin , Eickholz Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimPatients seem to feel more discomfort/pain after peri‐implant probing than after periodontal probing. However, there is not one single study to address this clinical observation. Thus, this study was designed to compare discomfort/pain after peri‐implant and periodontal probing.MethodsEach of three dentists recruited and examined 20 patients each contributing one pair of one dental implant and a contralateral natural tooth. Periodontal and peri‐implant probing depths (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were assessed. Whether the implant or the tooth was measured first was randomly assigned. Immediately after probing, the patients scored discomfort/pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS).ResultsA total of 60 patients (median; lower/upper quartile: age 62.5; 47.5/69.0 years; 35 females, five smokers) were examined. With the exception of PPD at the deepest site (implants: 4.0; 3.0/5.5 mm; teeth: 3.0; 3.0/4.0 mm; P = 0.032), clinical parameters (PPD, PAL, bleeding on probing, suppuration) were well balanced between implants and teeth. Peri‐implant probing (VAS: 16.4; 8.7/28.2) caused significantly (P = 0.011) more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing (9.1; 4.6/18.2). Repeated‐measures analysis identified peri‐implant probing causing more discomfort than periodontal probing related to the examiner (P = 0.046).ConclusionsOn average, peri‐implant probing caused significantly more discomfort/pain than periodontal probing.
Influence of Genetic Polymorphisms on Clopidogrel Response and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke CYP2C19 Genotype on Clopidogrel Response
Authors: Han Yan , Lv Hui‐Hui , Liu Xu , Dong Qiang , Yang Xiao‐Li , Li Shi‐Xu , Wu Shuai , Jiang Jian‐Ming , Luo Zheng , Zhu De‐Sheng , Zhang Yi , Zheng Yi , Guan Yang‐Tai , Xu Jian‐Feng 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectivesThis study sought to evaluate the influence of the genetic polymorphisms on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients taking clopidogrel.BackgroundLittle research has been published on relationships between genetic polymorphisms, platelet reactivity, and clinical outcomes in stroke patients treated with clopidogrel.MethodsPatients hospitalized in Changhai Hospital with acute ischemic stroke were randomly enrolled into treatment with a 75‐mg daily maintenance dose of clopidogrel. Genotyping was detected by the MassARRAY iPLEX genotyping system (Sequenom Inc, San Diego, CA), and platelet reactivity was evaluated by the VerifyNow P2Y12 test (Accumetrics Inc., San Diego, CA). Sixteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within 9 genes were selected and high on‐clopidogrel platelet reactivity (HPR) was defined as P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) value ≥230. The primary endpoint was ischemic events, including major adverse cardiac events (MACE), recurrence of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and the composite of vascular death, and the secondary endpoint was bleeding.ResultsOf the 345 patients recruited, 275 (79.7%) patients were followed up for 1 year and 122 (35.4%) patients were categorized as HPR. Among the SNPs selected, only the CYP2C19*2 allele and the CYP2C19*3 allele were statistically significantly associated with PRU (P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). Similarly, the prevalence of HPR was associated with CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). During the 1 year of follow‐up, a total of 64 (23.3%) cases of clinical events occurred, including 60 ischemic events and 4 bleeding events. There were no correlation between CYP2C19 variant alleles and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05), but a statistically significant relevance was found between the HPR and the ischemic events in 1 year of follow‐up (P = 0.001).ConclusionsCYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 had a significant impact on clopidogrel response, but was not associated with ischemic events during 1 year of follow‐up in patients with acute ischemic stroke. HPR was an independent risk factor for ischemic events, and the VerifyNow P2Y12 test may be available to guide individualized antiplatelet therapies in stroke patients in China.
Effects of small dam condition and drainage on stream fish community structure
Authors: Holcomb Jordan M. , Nichols Robert B. , Gangloff Michael M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLow‐head dams are ubiquitous in eastern North America, and small dam removal projects seek to improve habitat conditions for resident and migratory fishes. Effects of small dams of varying status on local fish communities are poorly documented, and recent work suggests benefits of maintaining fragmentation. We sampled fish at 25 dams (9 breached, 7 relict, 9 intact) in three river basins in North Carolina, USA. Fishes were sampled at three reaches/dam from 2010 to 2011. Study reaches were located upstream (free‐flowing reaches), downstream (tailrace) and >500 m downstream of dams (n = 75 reaches). Analyses revealed significantly elevated fish CPUE, taxa richness and percentage intolerant taxa in intact dam tailraces suggesting small dams may improve conditions for resident taxa. Breached dam tailrace reaches exhibited lower fish CPUE, taxa richness and percentage intolerant taxa relative to upstream reference reaches. Relict dams exhibited no between‐reach differences in fish community metrics. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling revealed drainage‐specific stream fish responses across study drainages. Tar and Roanoke drainage streams with intact and relict dams supported fish assemblages indicative of natural communities, whereas Neuse Drainage streams with intact and breached dams contained disturbed habitats and communities. These data demonstrate fish community responses to dam condition are drainage specific but communities in streams with intact and relict dams are largely similar. Additionally, breached dams may warrant higher removal priorities than intact dams because they negatively influence fish communities. The variability in response to some dams indicates managers, regardless of region or country, should consider holistic approaches to dam removals on a case‐by‐case basis.
Rosacea and exposure to tandoor heat: Is there an association?
Authors: Ozkol Hatice U. , Calka Omer , Akdeniz Necmettin , Baskan Elife , Ozkol Halil 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundParticularly in eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey, women use tandoor ovens to bake bread and as a result are exposed to excessive heat. Exposure to heat for long periods may lead to the initiation or exacerbation of rosacea.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between exposure to heat from a tandoor and rosacea.MethodsA total of 350 female patients with various dermatological diseases were included in this study. These patients were divided into two groups comprising a control group and a group of tandoor users. Subjects in both the control and tandoor‐user groups were screened to identify clinical and other characteristics, and symptoms and findings of rosacea and other dermatological disorders.ResultsThe frequency of rosacea was significantly (P < 0.001) higher and that of acne markedly (P < 0.001) lower in the tandoor‐user group than in the control group. Incidences of temporary and persistent types of erythema and telangiectasia, which are considered to be among the symptoms and findings of rosacea, were also significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the tandoor‐user group than the control group. Frequencies of asthma and ex‐smoker status differed significantly (P < 0.001 and P < 0.002, respectively) between the tandoor‐user and control groups. Furthermore, the period of exposure to tandoor heat was positively correlated with the frequency of telangiectasia (r = 0.321, P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study revealed a strong association between exposure to tandoor heat and rosacea. Further studies including higher numbers of patients are required to confirm our results.
The impact of Ets‐1 oncoprotein and human endoglin (CD105) on the recurrence of non‐melanoma skin cancers
Authors: Chrisostomidis Chrisostomos , Konofaos Petros , Karypidis Dimitrios , Lazaris Andreas , Kostakis Alkiviadis , Papadopoulos Othon 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate if the expression of CD105 and Ets‐1 was predictive of aggressive biologic behavior of non‐melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and to evaluate indicators of local recurrence.Patients and methodsA total of 144 patients with NMSC were included in the current study. Surgical specimens were independently examined for diagnosis confirmation and immunohistochemical expression of Ets‐1 and CD105 by two dermatopathologists.ResultsThe most common tumor type was basal cell carcinoma (n = 76), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (n = 65). The most common anatomic location was the head and neck area (n = 115). The follow‐up was ˃2 years in all examined cases. A statistically significant correlation was found between tumor local recurrence and age (P = 0.03), Ets‐1 expression (P ˂ 0.0001) and CD105 expression (P ˂ 0.0001).ConclusionsOur data confirm that both Ets‐1 and CD105 show promise as prognostic markers for local recurrence of NMSC. However, this statement is made with caution, and additional studies, with larger populations, are necessary to examine the correlation between these two markers and local recurrence. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of local recurrence in primary NMSC may result in potential therapeutic interventions.
Preparation and physicochemical characterisation of resveratrol–ovalbumin microparticles
Authors: Chen Yangyang , Li Defeng , Chen Wanyi , Zhang Juan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryResveratrol (RES) is a phenolic compound which has many biological activities, but its poor stability and water solubility limit its function and application. This study developed microparticles (MPs) using ovalbumin (OVA) as a matrix to encapsulate RES. Encapsulation efficiency, solubility and structural characteristics have been evaluated. The antioxidant activity of encapsulated RES has also been examined using the methods of the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Moreover, the stability of the MPs in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid has been studied. In conclusion, RES can be effectively encapsulated by OVA to form spherical MPs resulting in its high water solubility. RES–OVA MPs may not only keep the antioxidant activity of RES but also promote its stability. This kind of MPs can have a potential application in the formulation of functional soft drink based on RES.
Networks of injustice and worker mobilisation at Walmart
Authors: Wood Alex J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article investigates the use of Internet networks during the recent mobilisation of Californian Walmart workers. The findings of this case study suggest that Internet‐based mass self‐communication networks (Facebook, YouTube, etc.) can complement traditional organising techniques. Mass self‐communication networks ameliorate many of the weaknesses identified by previous studies of Internet networks. In particular, these types of networks can help overcome negative dispositions towards unions, increase the density of communication and the level of participation among members, create a collective identity congruent with trade unionism, facilitate organisation and spread ‘swarming actions’ which are effective at leveraging symbolic power. Moreover, unions may be well suited to providing crucial strategic oversight and coordination to wider worker networks.
Diagnosing autism spectrum disorder in community settings using the Development and Well‐Being Assessment: validation in a UK population‐based twin sample
Authors: McEwen Fiona S. , Stewart Catherine S. , Colvert Emma , Woodhouse Emma , Curran Sarah , Gillan Nicola , Hallett Victoria , Lietz Stephanie , Garnett Tracy , Ronald Angelica , Murphy Declan , Happé Francesca , Bolton Patrick 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundIncreasing numbers of people are being referred for the assessment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The NICE (UK) and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend gathering a developmental history using a tool that operationalises ICD/DSM criteria. However, the best‐established diagnostic interview instruments are time consuming, costly and rarely used outside national specialist centres. What is needed is a brief, cost‐effective measure validated in community settings. We tested the Development and Well‐Being Assessment (DAWBA) for diagnosing ASD in a sample of children/adolescents representative of those presenting in community mental health settings.MethodsA general population sample of twins (TEDS) was screened and 276 adolescents were selected as at low (CAST score < 12; n = 164) or high risk for ASD (CAST score ≥ 15 and/or parent reported that ASD suspected/previously diagnosed; n = 112). Parents completed the ASD module of the DAWBA interview by telephone or online. Families were visited at home: the ADI‐R and autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) were completed to allow a best‐estimate research diagnosis of ASD to be made.ResultsDevelopment and Well‐Being Assessment ASD symptom scores correlated highly with ADI‐R algorithm scores (ρ = .82, p < .001). Good sensitivity (0.88) and specificity (0.85) were achieved using DAWBA computerised algorithms. Clinician review of responses to DAWBA questions minimally changed sensitivity (0.86) and specificity (0.87). Positive (0.82–0.95) and negative (0.90) predictive values were high. Eighty‐six per cent of children were correctly classified. Performance was improved by using it in conjunction with the ADOS.ConclusionsThe DAWBA is a brief structured interview that showed good sensitivity and specificity in this general population sample. It requires little training, is easy to administer (online or by interview) and diagnosis is aided by an algorithm. It holds promise as a tool for assisting with assessment in community settings and may help services implement the recommendations made by NICE and the American Academy of Pediatrics regarding diagnosis of young people on the autism spectrum.