bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the impact of a combination of zinc oxide and phytase on the performance and alkaline phosphate activity in local chickens
Authors: Julendra H , Herdian H , Harahap M A , Istiqomah L , Karimy M F , Kurniawan T , Gunadarma I N , Pratiwi A S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of adding a combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and phytase to the diet of local chickens (IPB D1) on their performance and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. A total of 120 male and female chickens were divided into four dietary groups, with 24 cages of five birds each. Each group was fed using: a pure basal diet; a basal diet with 80 ppm ZnO/kg feed; a basal diet with 80 ppm ZnO/kg feed and 500 FTU phytase/kg feed; a basal diet with 80 ppm of commercial ZnO/kg feed and 500 FTU/kg feed of commercial phytase. The chickens were grouped by sex and body weight, with three classes of weight uniformity. The results of this research showed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in performance and ALP activity between male and female chickens. The group, that received IPB D1 diets with 80 ppm ZnO/kg and 500 FTU phytase/kg, had higher body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other groups. However, feed consumption and ALP activity were not significantly different. Overall, adding zinc oxide and phytase to the diets of local chickens was found to improve their performance and ALP activity.
Effects of gamma-ray irradiation dose and dose rates on the growth and radiosensitivity of soybean varieties Grobogan and Mutiara 1
Authors: Iqbal M , Anisiyah  , Rahmawati E , Dasumiati  , Puspitasari W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Enhancing soybean production can be achieved through plant breeding, utilizing gamma ray radiation mutation techniques to develop superior varieties. Understanding radiosensitivity is crucial for comprehending the impact of radiation on plant morphology and physiology. This study aims to investigate the impacts of varying doses and dose rates of Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on the growth and development of two soybean varieties, Grobogan and Mutiara 1. This study was conducted to understand how varied radiation doses influence growth parameters and to determine the radiosensitivity, LD50 value, in mutants of the Grobogan and Mutiara 1 soybean varieties. The study employed a randomized complete design with two factors. The first factor was radiation dose ranging from 0 to 1000 Gy. The second factor was dose rate, categorized into low dose rate (219.5 Gy/hour) and high dose rate (4470.2 Gy/hour). The results revealed that the LD50 value of Grobogan variety was estimated at 588.56 Gy at a low dose rate and 657.17 Gy at a high dose rate, while the Mutiara 1 variety had an LD50 value estimate of 512.36 Gy at a low dose rate and 514.30 Gy at a high dose rate. The study also found that the gamma ray radiation dose in the seedling phase trial influenced several growth parameters, including germination percentage, seedling height, development of stem nodes, and formation of leaves. Furthermore, field phase trial showed that a range of radiation dose at 100-300 Gy led to an increase in the number of branches in both soybean varieties and plant height in the Grobogan variety. It also resulted in an increase in the production of pods and total weight of seeds in the Mutiara 1 variety. These findings offer valuable insights into optimizing radiation doses for increasing genetic diversity in soybean.
The improvement of available phosphorous of reclaimed-mining soils with coal fly ash and empty fruit bunches of oil palm treatments
Authors: Saidy A R , Haris A , Septiana M , Priatmadi B J , Ifansyah H , Mahbub M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Reclaimed-mining soil (RMS) were categorized as having an acidic pH, low organic carbon (C), low available phosphorous (P), and high contents of aluminium (Al) and iron (Fe); therefore, soil ameliorants were essentially added to this soil for improving soil fertility. The purpose of the research was to measure the impact of combining empty fruit bunches of oil palm (EFBOP) and coal fly ash (CFA) on the available P of RMS. Three rates of CFA application: 0, 75, and 150 Mg ha−1 and three rates of EFBOP application: 0, 25, and 50 Mg ha−1 were organized using a completely randomized design. A 1000 g of soil was placed to an experimental pot, and then CFA and EFBOP according to the treatment were added to the pot. The mixture of soils, CFA, and EFBOP were homogenized, and then incubated at 70% water holding capacity for 45 days. Available P, total P, Al-P, Fe-P, soil pH, and exchangeable Al were quantifies following the completion of incubation period. The findings of this research indicated that available P rose from 3 mg kg−1 of control (soil without treatment) to 5-41 mg kg−1 of soils with different amounts of CFA and EFBOP addition. The application of CFA and EFBOP also resulted in increases in soil pH from 4.33 in the control to pH 4.48-6.23. Additionally, the levels of Al-P, Fe-P, and exchangeable aluminum decreased with the application of CFA and EFBOP. The findings of this study highlight the potency utilizing industrial and agricultural wastes as soil ameliorants for improving available P to support plant growth on the reclaimed-mining soils.
A comparative analysis of crustacean exoskeletons: structural, microstructural, morphological, and UV absorption studies
Authors: Nowl Mahin Saif , Praveen Lakkimsetti Lakshmi , V Ambili , Singh Sandeep , Abdus Samad Ubair , Seikh Asiful Hossain , Dutta Saikat , Mandal Saumen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the structural, thermal, and spectral characteristics, along with the ultra-violet (UV) absorption of various marine benthos exoskeletons, such as various species of crabs (Portunus sanguinolentus, Portunus pelagicus, Charybdis feriata) and mantis shrimp (Oratosquilla oratoria). Their unique properties and ability to survive in harsh oceanic environments make them interesting research subjects. This research utilized powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to determine the crystal structure of the benthic varieties. The sample surface was analyzed using high-resolution micrographs obtained from field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), which identified the presence of chitin and calcite in the marine benthos. This was further confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The optical characteristics were investigated using UV-visible spectroscopy. The proximate analysis revealed high protein content in the mantis shrimp exoskeleton compared to other crab species, highlighting its excellent UV absorption characteristics. Overall, this research has the potential to broaden our understanding of marine organisms, which can have potential applications in biotechnology and materials science to develop nature-inspired innovative materials sustainably.
Band gap and gate dielectric engineered novel Si0.9Ge0.1/InAs junctionless TFET for RFIC applications
Authors: Kumar Kaushal , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vinay , Jain Aditya , Sharma Subhash Chander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we present a dual dielectric material gated novel Si0.9Ge0.1/InAs hetero-structure Junctionless TFET (DMG-HJLTFET), in which first time, a novel amalgamation of Si0.9Ge0.1/InAs along with HfO2 and SiO2 is used on the basis of band gap and gate dielectric engineering respectively. Our main goal is to examine the performance of the reported device in terms of radio frequency (RF), linearity, and intermodulation distortion parameters. The reported device’s (DMG-HJLTFET) result is compared with latest published articles and conventional Si-JLTFET to show the improvement. Our simulation results reveal that DMG-HJLTFET outperforms Si-JLTFET in several key metrics, such as parasitic capacitance (Cgg, 49% ↓), maximum oscillation frequency (fmax, 589 times ↑), gain bandwidth product (GBP, 238.5 times ↑), intrinsic gain (Av, 2.24 × 102 times ↑), peak transconductance (gm, 110 times ↑), and second-order voltage intercept point (VIP2, 330.2% ↑). Our findings lead us to the conclusion that DMG-HJLTFET might be a promising substitute for low-power and high-frequency applications.
Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity and Schubert geometry
Authors: Yong Alexander 
Published: August 2024

We study the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity of tangent cones of Schubert varieties. Conjectures about this statistic are presented; these are proved for the covexillary case. This builds on work of L. Li and the author on these tangent cones, as well as that of J. Rajchgot-Y. Ren-C. Robichaux-A. St. Dizier-A. Weigandt and J. Rajchgot-C. Robichaux-A. Weigandt on tableau rules for computing regularity of some matrix Schubert varieties.
Racial Affect, Spectral Jewishness, and the Haunting of Racial Modernity
Authors: Nahme Paul E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the emotional economy of nineteenth-century Europe and the spectral place of Jews and Jewishness therein. By analyzing key texts from the discourse of Enlightenment humanism to the early twentieth-century racialization of Jews in antisemitic thought, the chapter suggests that Jewishness is configured as a racial specter for European Enlightenment thought.
Gaston Crunelle and Flute Playing in Twentieth-Century France
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gaston Crunelle and Flute Playing in Twentieth-Century France establishes Crunelle’s place in history as one of the most important flutists of the twentieth century. Crunelle (1898–1990), unjustly forgotten today, won a prix d’excellence as a student of Léopold Lafleurance and Philippe Gaubert at the Paris Conservatory. After performing in cinemas during the silent film era, he became principal flutist of the Opéra-Comique and the Pasdeloup Orchestra. When Marcel Moyse left Paris during the German Occupation, Crunelle was appointed professor of flute at the Paris Conservatory and from 1941 to 1969 taught an entire generation of the world’s leading flutists; oral history interviews document his pedagogy. He oversaw the commissioning of important contest pieces by Henri Dutilleux, Pierre Sancan, André Jolivet, Olivier Messiaen, and others. The book chronicles the four-decade history of the Quintette instrumental de Paris in which Crunelle developed a close collaboration with harpist Pierre Jamet. The ensemble, founded by flutist Rene Le Roy left a sumptuous legacy of about fifty commissioned works for flute, harp, and string trio. As an orchestral, chamber, and solo flutist, Crunelle’s recordings are among the best of the 78-rpm and early LP eras. His long career embodies the evolution of musical life in France from World War I through the tumult of May 1968.
Introduction
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter explains the gulf between Gaston Crunelle’s renown as a flutist during his lifetime and his posthumous reputation. He was principal flutist in the Opéra-Comique and the Pasdeloup Orchestra, had the longest tenure of any professor of flute in the history of the Paris Conservatory, and taught more first-prize winners than any other flute professor, but his name is hardly known today. He died without family members to curate his legacy. Unlike René Le Roy, he was not an entrepreneur, and unlike Marcel Moyse, he published few pedagogical works and did not develop an international following. His style of playing was eclipsed by the meteoric rise of his student, Jean-Pierre Rampal. Yet an examination of Crunelle’s achievements confirms that he is essential to the history of the French flute school.
Early Years
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gaston Crunelle was born in Douai and first studied at its conservatory. When the town was taken by German forces in 1914, Crunelle’s family moved to Paris, where Gaston studied at the Conservatory with Léopold Lafleurance and Philippe Gaubert, with service in the French Army interrupting his studies. This chapter details the traditions of the Paris Conservatory from its inception in 1795 through the reforms of Gabriel Fauré, who served as its director from 1905 to 1920. These traditions include solfège, the annual concours, and instrumental studies in classes rather than individual lessons. The chapter also covers the evolution of flute teaching from François Devienne through Gaubert, especially that of Paul Taffanel, who developed a style based on vocal models and brought a new seriousness to the solo flute repertoire by reviving Bach’s flute sonatas and Mozart’s flute concertos and by commissioning pieces by leading composers of the belle époque.
Crunelle’s Teaching
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter documents Gaston Crunelle’s pedagogy as flute professor at the Paris Conservatory from 1941 to 1969 through oral histories. An unflattering portrait by James Galway does not align with the recollections of most of Crunelle’s students, who depict him as generous and warm but demanding. His teaching had a practical goal, focused exclusively on winning a first prize for each student in the annual concours. His system derived from daily practice of scales and arpeggios from the Taffanel–Gaubert flute method, an inordinate number of études, and repertoire largely limited to Paris Conservatory contest pieces. He was prescriptive—there was usually one correct interpretation of each work down to the details of where to breathe. His tenure coincided with increasing numbers of women in the flute class and the student protests of May 1968.
Crunelle’s Retirement and Legacy
Authors: Garrison Leonard 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter chronicles Gaston Crunelle’s later years and legacy. Remarkably, after retirement from the Paris Conservatory, he continued teaching at municipal conservatories in the Paris area. He was promoted to officier in the Légion d’Honneur and celebrated at a large funeral in the Église Saint-Roch de Paris, but his achievements are now little known. His students have become major international soloists, orchestral flutists, and flute professors throughout France and the world. Meanwhile, French musical life has been transformed. Cultural resources are now more decentralized, and the traditions of the Paris Conservatory have evolved in conformance with the international standardization of musical training in the European Union.
Properties of the ‘friend of a friend’ model for network generation
Authors: Lo Tiffany Y Y , Levens Watson , Sumpter David J T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The way in which a social network is generated, in terms of how individuals attach to each other, determines the properties of the resulting network. Here, we study an intuitively appealing ‘friend of a friend’ model, where a network is formed by each newly added individual attaching first to a randomly chosen target and then to nq ⩾ 1 randomly chosen friends of the target, each with probability 0&lt;q⩽ 1. We revisit the master equation of the expected degree distribution for this model, providing an exact solution for the case when nq allows for attachment to all of the chosen target’s friends [a case previously studied by Bhat et al. (2016, Phys. Rev. E, 94, 062302)], and demonstrating why such a solution is hard to obtain when nq is fixed [a case previously studied by Levens et al. (2022, R. Soc. Open Sci., 9, 221200)]. In the case where attachment to all friends is allowed, we also show that when q&lt;q*≈0.5671, the expected degree distribution of the model is stationary as the network size tends to infinity. We go on to look at the clustering behaviour and the triangle count, focusing on the cases where nq is fixed.
Current understanding and future prospects for ash dieback disease with a focus on Britain
Authors: Combes Matt , Webber Joan , Boddy Lynne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an introduced ascomycete fungus which causes ash dieback and has resulted in widespread mortality of ash throughout Europe. Although H. fraxineus has been present on the continent for at least four decades, it was not identified until 2006. The first record of the pathogen in Britain came in 2012 although it was probably present a decade earlier. The most common host European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) is economically and ecologically important to Britain where the cost of ash dieback is estimated at billions of pounds. The impact of ash dieback has stimulated a major research response which we review with the aim of providing up-to-date information relevant to Britain and identifying knowledge gaps where research would contribute to improved disease mitigation. Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an outcrossing fungus with high genotypic diversity; ascospores produced via sexual reproduction are critical to aerial dispersal and infection. Temperature, moisture, and ground cover influence pathogen fruit body development, the timing of ascospore release, and extent of ascospore germination; they also interact together to affect the likelihood of infection. In addition, stand characteristics, including tree density, tree height, and landscape fragmentation, affect disease dynamics with increased disease severity on moist sites with high ash density. Efforts at finding natural resistance in ash have identified genetic markers associated with disease tolerance, and gene expression analysis is providing insights into the basis of that resistance. Mainland European findings indicate that ash dieback makes trees more vulnerable to other pathogens, whilst endophytes in the ash phyllosphere can suppress infection by H. fraxineus. Possible tools for long-term control of ash dieback include (1) deployment of resistant ash, (2) quantitatively informed management practices based on microclimate models and better understanding of the pathogen life cycle, and (3) manipulation of biocontrol agents from the ash microbiome or pathogen mycoviruses.
Genomic diversity and evolution of the Hawaiian Islands endemic Kokia (Malvaceae)
Authors: Kayal Ehsan , Arick Mark A , Hsu Chuan-yu , Thrash Adam , Yorkston Mitsuko , Morden Clifford W , Wendel Jonathan F , Peterson Daniel G , Grover Corrinne E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Island species are highly vulnerable due to habitat destruction and their often small population sizes with reduced genetic diversity. The Hawaiian Islands constitute the most isolated archipelago on the planet, harboring many endemic species. Kokia is an endangered flowering plant genus endemic to these islands, encompassing 3 extant and 1 extinct species. Recent studies provided evidence of unexpected genetic diversity within Kokia. Here, we provide high-quality genome assemblies for all 3 extant Kokia species, including an improved genome for Kokia drynarioides. All 3 Kokia genomes contain 12 chromosomes exhibiting high synteny within and between Kokia and the sister taxon Gossypioides kirkii. Gene content analysis revealed a net loss of genes in K. cookei compared to other species, whereas the gene complement in K. drynarioides remains stable and that of Kokia kauaiensis displays a net gain. A dated phylogeny estimates the divergence time from the last common ancestor for the 3 Kokia species at ∼1.2 million years ago (mya), with the sister taxa (K. cookei + K. drynarioides) diverging ∼0.8 mya. Kokia appears to have followed a stepping-stone pattern of colonization and diversification of the Hawaiian archipelago, likely starting on low or now submerged older islands. The genetic resources provided may benefit conservation efforts of this endangered endemic genus.
Salicylic acid improves chilling tolerance via CsNPR1–CsICE1 interaction in grafted cucumbers
Authors: Fu Xin , Feng Yiqing , Zhang Yanyan , Bi Huangai , Ai Xizhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in the regulation of grafting-induced cold tolerance. However, the molecular mechanism behind it is still unknown. Here, we established that the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) pathway-dependent elevate in SA content in grafted cucumber leaves was not only synthesized in the leaves but also transported from the roots under chilling stress. RNAi-CsPAL with low SA content as rootstock reduced SA accumulation in grafted seedling leaves while decreasing rootstock-induced cold tolerance, as evidenced by higher electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2·−) contents and lower expression of cold-responsive genes (CsICE1, CsDREB1A, CsDREB1B, and CsCOR47), whereas OE-CsPAL with high SA content as rootstock improved the cold tolerance of grafted plants in comparison with the wild type (WT). In addition, CsNPR1 was significantly upregulated in grafted cucumber under chilling stress, with exogenous and endogenous overexpressed SA inducing its transcriptional expression and protein stability, which exhibited higher expression in grafted plants than in self-root plants. While CsNPR1-overexpression (OE-CsNPR1) seedlings as scions were more tolerant to chilling stress than WT seedlings, CsNPR1-suppression (Anti-CsNPR1) seedlings as scions were more vulnerable to chilling stress. Notably, CsNPR1–CsICE1 interactions alleviated ROS accumulation and activated the expression of CsDREB1A, CsDREB1B, CsCOR47, CsCOR15, CsCOR413, and CsKIN1 to enhance SA-mediated chilling tolerance in grafted cucumber. Overall, our findings reveal that SA enhances chilling tolerance in grafted cucumbers via the model of the CsNPR1–CsICE1 transcriptional regulatory cascade.
Introduction to the 2024 Chordate Origins, Evolution, and Development SICB Symposium
Authors: Swalla Billie J 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
The evolution of the distinct chordate body plan has intrigued scientists for over 170 years. Modern genomics and transcriptomics have allowed the elucidation of the developmental gene regulatory networks (GRNs) underlying the developmental programs for particular tissues and body axes in invertebrates and vertebrates. This has been most revealing in the Deuterostomia, the superphylum in which chordates evolved. The time was ripe to gather those working on deuterostome developmental GRNs to revisit the development and evolution of chordates and discuss the evolution of this unique body plan at the SICB 2024 meetings in Seattle, WA, USA. It has been several years since the genomes of the major deuterostome clades have been sequenced—echinoderms, hemichordates, tunicates, lancelets, and vertebrates. Genomic analyses have shown that lancelets have a genome and body plan that closely resemble the vertebrates, although phylogenomic analyses suggest that the tunicates are the sister group of the vertebrates. The evolution of the sessile and sometimes colonial adult tunicates was likely from a motile, lancelet-like ancestor. Scientists from all over the world converged at the SICB meetings in Seattle to discuss the current ideas of how chordates evolved. Some common mechanisms and themes emerged and are captured in this ICB volume on Chordate Origins, Evolution, and Development.