bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An End Overcome by a Beginning: The Diminishment of the Khedivate, the Fading Away of Its Print Culture, and the Rise of Debates Over Society’s Direction in Colonial Egyptian Print
Authors: Schwartz Kathryn A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
What is typically seen as the flowering of print culture in Egypt circa the 1880s and 1890s—i.e., newspapers and periodicals and authorship and eventually novels, and political and religious debates in print—in fact marks not a flowering, but the collapse of the first print culture that existed there. This original print culture arose and functioned via the mediation of the khedival government. It therefore necessarily came undone with the challenge to the regime's authority posed by the British occupation of Egypt in 1882, or the beginning of British colonial rule under the veiled protectorate. Indeed, in my interpretation, the dynamism that eventually billowed out from the Arabic press marked the contentious fallout over the collapse of the government, the standing social order, and the original print culture that these two pillars propped up. Those who remained involved in printing in Egypt thereafter competed to fill the void poised by this revolutionary upheaval, battling for legitimacy in speaking out to, and on behalf of, the public regarding how society could regain its footing.
Innovating Web Probing: Comparing Written and Oral Answers to Open-Ended Probing Questions in a Smartphone Survey
Authors: Lenzner Timo , Höhne Jan Karem , Gavras Konstantin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCognitive interviewing in the form of probing is key for developing methodologically sound survey questions. For a long time, probing was tied to the laboratory setting, making it difficult to achieve large sample sizes and creating a time-intensive undertaking for both researchers and participants. Web surveys paved the way for administering probing questions over the Internet in a time- and cost-efficient manner. In so-called web probing studies, respondents first answer a question and then they receive one or more open-ended questions about their response process, with requests for written answers. However, participants frequently provide very short or no answers at all to open-ended questions, in part because answering questions in writing is tedious. This is especially the case when the web survey is completed via a smartphone with a virtual on-screen keypad that shrinks the viewing space. In this study, we examine whether the problem of short and uninterpretable answers in web probing studies can be mitigated by asking respondents to complete the web survey on a smartphone and to record their answers via the built-in microphone. We conducted an experiment in a smartphone survey (N = 1,001), randomizing respondents to different communication modes (written or oral) for answering two comprehension probes about two questions on national identity and citizenship. The results indicate that probes with requests for oral answers produce four to five times more nonresponse than their written counterparts. However, oral answers contain about three times as many words, include about 0.3 more themes (first probing question only), and the proportion of clearly interpretable answers is about 6 percentage points higher (for the first probing question only). Nonetheless, both communication modes result in similar themes mentioned by respondents.
Molecular characterisation of Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato from Ethiopian horses reveals two distinct phylogenetic clades
Authors: Woo Patrick C Y , Mheiri Fatma Al , Cavalleri Jessika , Joseph Sunitha , Tang James Y M , Joseph Marina , Tsang Chi-Ching , Lau Susanna K P , Wernery Ulrich 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Epizootic lymphangitis (EL) is a highly prevalent and contagious infectious disease affecting horses in many parts of Ethiopia caused by Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato (‘var. farciminosum’). In this study, 12 suspected isolates of H. capsulatum sensu lato or yeasts unidentified by conventional biochemical tests isolated from Ethiopian horses with EL were characterised by internal transcribed spacer sequencing. Six of the 12 isolates were identified to be members of H. capsulatum sensu lato and the other six were Pichia kudriavzevii (synonym: Candida krusei) (n = 3), Trichosporon asahii (n = 1), Geotrichum silvicola (n = 1) and Moesziomyces aphidis (n = 1), respectively. The six H. capsulatum sensu lato isolates were further characterised by multilocus sequence analysis. Four distinct gene loci (arf [462 bases], H-anti [410 bases], ole1 [338 bases] and tub1 [272 bases]) of these six isolates as well as those of two H. capsulatum sensu lato (‘var. farciminosum’) reference strains (ATCC 58332 and ATCC 28798) were polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of their concatenated nucleotide sequences showed that three of the isolates and the reference strain ATCC 58332 were identical and belonged to the Eurasia clade within Latin American (LAm) A (H. suramericanum), and those of the other three isolates and the reference strain ATCC 28798 were identical and belonged to the Africa clade. At least two distinct phylogenetic clades of H. capsulatum sensu lato were circulating in Ethiopian horses with EL. Advanced molecular technologies and bioinformatics tools are crucial for the accurate identification and typing of pathogens as well as the discovery of novel microorganisms in veterinary microbiology.
Probing the strength of radial migration via churning by using metal-rich red giant stars from APOGEE
Authors: Lehmann Christian , Feltzing Sofia , Feuillet Diane , Kordopatis Georges 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Making use of the APOGEE DR17 catalogue with high quality data for 143 509 red giant branch stars we explore the strength of different mechanisms that causes a star to radially migrate in the Milky Way stellar disc. At any position in the disc we find stars that are more metal-rich than the local interstellar medium. This is surprising and normally attributed to the migration of these stars after their formation inside their current Galactocentric radius. Such stars are prime candidates for studying the strength of different migratory processes. We specifically select two types of metal-rich stars: (i) super metal-rich stars ($\mathrm{[Fe/H]}\gt 0.2$) and (ii) stars that are more metal-rich than their local environment. For both, we explore the distribution of orbital parameters and ages as evidence of their migration history. We find that most super metal-rich stars have experienced some amount of churning as they have orbits with $R_g\gtrsim 5 \,{\rm kpc}$. Furthermore, about half of the super metal-rich stars are on non-circular orbits ($\mathrm{ecc} \gt 0.15$) and therefore also have experienced blurring. The metallicity of young stars in our sample is generally the same as the metallicity of the interstellar medium, suggesting they have not radially migrated yet. Stars with lower metallicity than the local environment have intermediate to old ages. We further find that super metal-rich stars have approximately the same age distribution at all Galactocentric radii, which suggests that radial migration is a key mechanism responsible for the chemical compositions of stellar populations in the Milky Way.
Filamentary mass accretion towards the high-mass protobinary system G11.92–0.61 MM2
Authors: Zhang S , Cyganowski C J , Henshaw J D , Brogan C L , Hunter T R , Friesen R K , Bonnell I A , Viti S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We present deep, sub-arcsecond ($\sim$2000 au) resolution ALMA 0.82-mm observations of the former high-mass prestellar core candidate G11.92–0.61 MM2, recently shown to be an $\sim$500 au-separation protobinary. Our observations show that G11.92–0.61 MM2, located in the G11.92–0.61 protocluster, lies on a filamentary structure traced by 0.82-mm continuum and N$_2$H$^+$(4-3) emission. The N$_2$H$^+$(4-3) spectra are multipeaked, indicative of multiple velocity components along the line of sight. To analyse the gas kinematics, we performed pixel-by-pixel Gaussian decomposition of the N$_2$H$^+$ spectra using scousepy and hierarchical clustering of the extracted velocity components using acorns. Seventy velocity- and position-coherent clusters (called ‘trees’) are identified in the N$_2$H$^+$-emitting gas, with the eight largest trees accounting for $\gt $60 per cent of the fitted velocity components. The primary tree, with $\sim$20 per cent of the fitted velocity components, displays a roughly north–south velocity gradient along the filamentary structure traced by the 0.82-mm continuum. Analysing an $\sim$0.17 pc-long substructure, we interpret its velocity gradient of $\sim$10.5 km s$^{-1}$ pc$^{-1}$ as tracing filamentary accretion towards MM2 and estimate a mass inflow rate of $\sim 1.8\times 10^{-4}$ to 1.2$\times 10^{-3}$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. Based on the recent detection of a bipolar molecular outflow associated with MM2, accretion on to the protobinary is ongoing, likely fed by the larger scale filamentary accretion flows. If 50 per cent of the filamentary inflow reaches the protostars, each member of the protobinary would attain a mass of 8 M$_\odot$ within $\sim 1.6\times 10^5$ yr, comparable to the combined time-scale of the 70-μm- and mid-infrared-weak phases derived for ATLASGAL-TOP100 massive clumps using chemical clocks.
Detection of antifreeze molecule ethylene glycol in the hot molecular core G358.93–0.03 MM1
Authors: Manna Arijit , Pal Sabyasachi , Viti Serena 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The identification of complex pre-biotic molecules using millimetre and submillimetre telescopes allows us to understand how the basic building blocks of life are formed in the universe. In the interstellar medium, ethylene glycol ($({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$) is the simplest sugar alcohol molecule, and it is the reduced alcohol of the simplest sugar-like molecule, glycolaldehyde (${\rm CH}_{2}{\rm OHCHO}$). We present the detection of the rotational emission lines of $aGg^{\prime }$ conformer of ethylene glycol ($({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$) towards the hot molecular core G358.93–0.03 MM1 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. The estimated column density of $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ towards the G358.93–0.03 MM1 is (4.5$\pm 0.1)\times 10^{16}$ cm$^{-2}$ with an excitation temperature of 155$\pm$35 K. The abundance of $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ with respect to ${\rm H}_{2}$ is (1.4$\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-8}$. Similarly, the abundances of $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ with respect to ${\rm CH}_{2}{\rm OHCHO}$ and ${\rm CH}_{3}{\rm OH}$ are 3.1$\pm$0.5 and (6.1$\pm 0.3)\times 10^{-3}$. We compare the estimated abundance of $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ with the existing three-phase warm-up chemical model abundance of $({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$, and we notice the observed abundance and modelled abundance are nearly similar. We discuss the possible formation pathways of $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ towards the hot molecular cores, and we find that $aGg^{\prime }$-$({\rm CH}_2{\rm OH})_{2}$ is probably created via the recombination of two ${\rm CH}_{2}{\rm OH}$ radicals on the grain surface of G358.93–0.03 MM1.
Attenuation from the optical to the extreme ultraviolet by dust associated with broad absorption line quasars: The driving force for outflows
Authors: Gaskell C Martin , Gill Jake J M , Singh Japneet 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We derive a mean attenuation curve out to the rest-frame extreme ultraviolet (EUV) for ‘BAL dust’ – the dust causing the additional extinction of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with broad absorption lines (BALQSOs). In contrast to the normal, relatively flat, mean AGN attenuation curve, BAL dust is well fit by a steeply rising, SMC-like curve. We confirm the shape of the theoretical Weingartner & Draine SMC curve out to 700 Angstroms but the drop in attenuation at still shorter wavelengths is less than predicted. The similar SMC-like attenuation curve for low-ionization BALQSOs (LoBALs) does not support the idea that they are an early phase in the life of an AGN when it is breaking out of a cocoon of star-forming dust. Although the attenuation is only $E(B - V) \sim 0.03\!-\!0.05$ in the optical, it rises to one magnitude in the EUV, which is an optimum value for radiative acceleration of dusty gas. Because the spectral energy distribution of AGNs peaks in the EUV, the force on the dust dominates the acceleration of BAL gas. Although the shape of the attenuation curve for LoBALs is similar to the shape for HiBALs, the LoBALs on average show negative attenuation in the optical. This is naturally explained if there is more light scattered into our line of sight in LoBALs compared with non-BALQSOs. We suggest that this and partial covering are causes when attenuation curves appear to be steeper in the UV than an SMC curve.
On the existence of a very metal-poor disc in the Milky Way
Authors: Zhang Hanyuan , Ardern-Arentsen Anke , Belokurov Vasily 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The question of whether the Milky Way’s disc extends to low metallicity has been the subject of debate for many years. We aim to address the question by employing a large sample of giant stars with radial velocities and homogeneous metallicities based on the Gaia Data Release 3 BP/RP(XP) spectra. We study the 3D velocity distribution of stars in various metallicity ranges, including the very metal-poor (VMP) regime ($\mathrm{[M/H]} &lt; -2.0$). We find that a clear, stand-alone disc population, i.e. that with a ratio of rotational velocity to velocity dispersion $v/\sigma &gt; 1$, starts to emerge only around $\mathrm{[M/H]} \sim -1.3$, and is not visible for $\mathrm{[M/H]} &lt; -1.6$. Using Gaussian mixture modelling, we show that there are two halo populations in the VMP regime: one stationary and one with a net prograde rotation of $\sim\!\! 80\ \mathrm{km\, s}^{-1}$. In this low-metallicity range, we are able to place constraints on the contribution of a rotation-supported thick disc sub-population to a maximum of $\sim\!\! 3$ per cent in our sample. We compare our results to previous claims of discy VMP stars in both observations and simulations and find that having a prograde halo component could explain most of these.
Improved constraints on Galactic Centre ejection of hypervelocity stars based on novel search method
Authors: Verberne Sill , Rossi Elena Maria , Koposov Sergey E , Marchetti Tommaso , Kuijken Konrad , Penoyre Zephyr , Evans Fraser A , Souropanis Dimitris , Tohill Clár-Bríd 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Hypervelocity stars (HVSs) are stars which have been ejected from the Galactic Centre (GC) at velocities of up to a few thousand $\text{km}\, \text{s}^{-1}$. They are tracers of the Galactic potential and can be used to infer properties of the GC, such as the initial mass function and assembly history. HVSs are rare, however, with only about a dozen promising candidates discovered so far. In this work, we make use of a novel, highly efficient method to identify new HVS candidates in Gaia. This method uses the nearly radial trajectories of HVSs to infer their distances and velocities based on their position and Gaia proper motion alone. Through comparison of inferred distances with Gaia parallaxes and photometry, we identified 600 HVS candidates with G &lt; 20 including the previously discovered S5-HVS1, out of which we obtained ground-based follow-up observations for 196 stars. As we found no new HVSs based on their radial velocity, we used detailed HVS ejection simulations to significantly improve previous HVS ejection rate constraints. In particular, the ejection rate of HVSs more massive than 1 $\mathrm{M_\odot }$ cannot be higher than $10^{-5}$ yr$^{-1}$ at $2\sigma$ significance. Additionally, we predict that there are 5–45 unbound HVSs in the complete Gaia catalogue ($1\sigma$ interval), most of which will be main-sequence stars of a few M$_\odot$ at heliocentric distances of tens to hundreds of kpc. By comparing our results to literature HVS candidates, we find an indication of either a time-dependent ejection rate of HVSs or a non-GC origin of previously identified HVS candidates.
H i studies of extremely metal-poor dwarfs in voids – I
Authors: Kurapati Sushma , Pustilnik Simon A , Egorova Evgeniya S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We present and discuss the results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope H i 21-cm line mapping for five isolated low-mass (M$_{\rm bary}$$\sim$(2–8)$\times 10^7$ M$\odot$) eXtremely Metal Poor dwarfs [12+$\log$(O/H) = 7.13–7.28], selected from the nearby void galaxy sample. All the studied void dwarfs show disturbed morphology in the H i maps with the angular resolutions of $\sim 11$ to $\sim 40\,{\rm arcsec}$. We examine the H i morphology and velocity field and the relative orientation of their stellar and gas body spins. We discuss the overall non-equilibrium state of their gas and the possible origin and evolution of the studied void dwarfs. The most straightforward interpretation of the ubiquitous phenomenon of the gas component non-equilibrium state in these and similar void dwarfs is the cold accretion from the void filaments and/or minor mergers. The cold gas accretion in voids could be linked to the presence of small filaments that constitute the substructure of voids.
Postzygotic mosaicism of SMARCB1 variants in patients with rhabdoid tumors: A not-so-rare condition exposing to successive tumors
Authors: Thomson Grégory , Filser Mathilde , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Tauziede-Espariat Arnault , Bourneix Christine , Gauthier-Villars Marion , Simaga Fatoumata , Beccaria Kévin , Faure-Conter Cécile , Maureille Aurélien , Zattara-Cannoni Hélène , Andre Nicolas , Entz-Werle Natacha , Brugieres Laurence , Mansuy Ludovic , Denizeau Philippe , Julia Sophie , Ingster Olivier , Lejeune Sophie , Brahimi Afane , Coupier Isabelle , Bonadona Valérie , Delattre Olivier , Masliah-Planchon Julien , Bourdeaut Franck 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are aggressive, rare tumors predominantly affecting young children, characterized by biallelic SMARCB1 gene inactivation. While most SMARCB1 alterations are acquired de novo, a third of cases exhibit germline alterations, defining Rhabdoid Tumors Predisposition Syndrome. With the increased sensitivity of next-generation sequencing (NGS), mosaicisms in genes linked to genetic diseases are more detectable. This study focuses on exploring SMARCB1 germline alterations, notably mosaicism in blood samples of children with RT and in parents, using a custom NGS panel.

Methods
A cohort of 280 children and 140 parents with germline analysis was studied. Germline DNA from 111 children with RT and 32 parents were reanalyzed with a custom NGS panel with 1500X average depth targeting the SMARCB1 gene to identify intragenic variants not detected with conventional low-sensitivity methods. Follow-up data was obtained for 77 patients.

Results
Nine previously undetected mosaicism cases were identified, totaling 17/280 patients with a mosaic variant (6.1%) in the cohort, with variant allele frequencies between 0.9% and 33%, thus highlighting the prior underestimation of its prevalence. Follow-up data showed that 4 out of 7 survivors with mosaic variants developed distinct novel tumors, 2 sharing SMARCB1 alterations with the initial tumor, emphasizing the potential clinical impact of SMARCB1 mosaicism.

Conclusions
The hitherto underestimated rate of SMARCB1 mosaicism in RT underscores the need for optimized genetic counseling and oncological monitoring. The findings have significant medical implications, considering the dire prognosis of RT.
Correlation Among Neighborhood-Level Measures of the Tobacco Retail Environment
Authors: Delamater Paul L , Herbert Lily , Golden Shelley D , Kong Amanda Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Tobacco retailer density and distance to tobacco retailers are understood to influence tobacco-related behaviors; however, there is no general agreement on how to best characterize or measure the tobacco retail environment (TRE). In this data-driven analysis, we examine similarities among neighborhood-level measures of the TRE and assess how the geographic resolution of the neighborhood units may affect them.

Aims and Methods
We used locations of likely tobacco retailers in the United States to calculate multiple retailer count, density, and distance measures. Measures were calculated at the Census block group, tract, and county (including county equivalents) levels of geographic aggregation. Spearman’s correlation was used to evaluate the similarity among the TRE measures.

Results
At the block group and tract level, correlation among all TRE measures ranged from slightly negative (ρ = −0.03) to nearly perfect (ρ = 0.99). At both levels of aggregation, distance-based TRE measures were highly correlated (ρ &gt; 0.76). At the block group level, the simple count of retailers was highly correlated with the density measures (ρ &gt; 0.83), and at the tract level, simple count was moderately to highly correlated with the density measures (ρ &gt; 0.5). Findings were generally similar at the county level; a notable deviation was that retailers per person were negatively correlated with all other TRE measures (range from ρ = −0.08 to ρ = −0.32).

Conclusions
Some common measures were not correlated, suggesting they capture different aspects of the TRE; similarity among the various measures also varied by level of geographic aggregation.

Implications
Because the TRE shapes people’s tobacco-related behaviors, using appropriate measures to characterize it at a neighborhood level is paramount. Our work highlights both the similarities and differences among a set of common measures, thereby suggesting the measures may be capturing different aspects of the overall retail environment. Our findings regarding geographic level of aggregation underscore the importance of neighborhood definition in any TRE analysis.
Active protein ubiquitination regulates xylem vessel functionality
Authors: Phookaew Pawittra , Ma Ya , Suzuki Takaomi , Stolze Sara Christina , Harzen Anne , Sano Ryosuke , Nakagami Hirofumi , Demura Taku , Ohtani Misato 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Xylem vessels function in the long-distance conduction of water in land plants. The NAC transcription factor VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7) is a master regulator of xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We previously isolated suppressor of ectopic xylem vessel cell differentiation induced by VND7 (seiv) mutants. Here, we report that the responsible genes for seiv3, seiv4, seiv6, and seiv9 are protein ubiquitination-related genes encoding PLANT U-BOX46 (PUB46), an uncharacterized F-BOX protein (FBX), PUB36, and UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE1 (UBP1), respectively. We also found decreased expression of genes downstream of VND7 and abnormal xylem transport activity in the seiv mutants. Upon VND7 induction, ubiquitination levels from 492 and 180 protein groups were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. VND7 induction resulted in the ubiquitination of proteins for cell wall biosynthesis and protein transport, whereas such active protein ubiquitination did not occur in the seiv mutants. We detected the ubiquitination of three lysine residues in VND7: K94, K105, and K260. Substituting K94 with arginine significantly decreased the transactivation activity of VND7, suggesting that the ubiquitination of K94 is crucial for regulating VND7 activity. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of target protein ubiquitination in regulating xylem vessel activity.