bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
8.1.2 Overrepresented and Underrepresented Patterns in System Architectures Across Diverse Engineering Systems
Authors: Shaja A. S. , Sudhakar K. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent years have witnessed new research interest in the study of complex systems architectures, in domains like biological systems, social networks etc. Seminal works covering each of these systems have appeared in high impact journals like Nature, Science, etc. Unifying principles have emerged and helped in gaining new understanding in a domain by extending the understanding gained in other domains. These developments in complex systems open up possibilities in the research into architectures of complex engineering systems. Complex engineering systems are synthesized from large number of components giving it a physical architecture. We abstract the physical architecture of different engineering systems as a network/graph, where the nodes/vertices correspond to components and edges correspond to interconnections between them. Complex systems research in biology defines motifs as recurring sub‐graphs from which the network is built. They also argue motifs as simple building blocks of complex networks, offering a way to understand the basic functionality of a system. In this paper, we explore 32 arbitrarily chosen engineering systems architectures for motifs. We discover motifs within each system and also interesting motif templates across systems.
8.1.3 Resiliency Assessment of the Global Internet Infrastructure System
Authors: Omer Mayada , Nilchiani Roshanak , Mostashari Ali 
Published: November 2014

AbstractResilience is the ability of the system to both absorb shock as well to recover rapidly from a disruption so that it can return back to its original service delivery levels or close to it. Recent manmade and natural disasters such as 9/11 incident and Hurricane Katrina have introduced an increasing interest in infrastructure resilience. The global submarine fiber optics cable network that serves as the backbone of the internet is a particularly critical infrastructure system that is vulnerable to both natural and man‐made disasters. In this paper, we propose a model to measure the base resiliency of this global network, and explore the node to node and global resiliency of the network using existing data demand, capacity and flow information. The base resiliency of the system can be measured as the value delivery of the system after a disruption to the value deliver of the system before a disruption. We further demonstrate how the resiliency of the global internet infrastructure is enhanced through reducing the network vulnerability and increasing its adaptive capacity.
8.2.1 A System Design Process Tailored for Reverse Engineering
Authors: Yoon Taehun , Park YoungWon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses a system design process using a reverse engineering. The Reverse Engineering approach, if possible is a cost‐effective and easy approach to use in a system design. All industries use this approach consciously or unconsciously to reduce the system development risk. It can be a part of formal process, simple requirements reuse, or adoption of industry standard. The reverse engineering approach can be considered as an effective system design method in immature systems engineering environments. This paper proposes a system design process using reverse engineering which can be tailored for large complex system development projects. The proposed process composed of two stages to product system specification generation. The reverse engineering stage is performed to define functional and physical architecture of legacy system used as reference model when they are not available. The reengineering stage takes outputs of the reverse engineering stage to define the rest of logical and physical solutions.
8.2.2 Improvements to DSM Clustering Approach for PBS Construction
Authors: Kim Chan Mook , Park Young Won 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA top‐own scenario based approach is a typical method generating the product breakdown structure (PBS) in systems engineering. While it takes time and effort to perform the scenario based PBS construction, it is the safest approach not to omit any functions. On the other hand, a design structure matrix (DSM) approach to PBS construction is a bottom‐up approach based on modularization concept that provides a merit of quick PBS construction while the sanity of its results may not be assured.Accordingly, this study presents trade‐off results between the two approaches to uncover problems in the DSM‐based clustering method and proposes improvement approaches to enable the interfaces with external systems, static elements, as well as a new capability to handle the large number of clustering elements.
9.1.2 Demographics in Measuring Systems Engineering Return on Investment (SE‐ROI)
Authors: Honour Eric C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractResearch work continues into Systems Engineering Return on Investment (SE‐ROI) following prior work on Value of Systems Engineering and Systems Engineering Effectiveness. In the current work, 1.5‐hour interviews are being held with the leaders of completed system development programs to obtain extensive data on systems engineering activities, program success measures, and possible correlative parameters. The resulting information is being examined statistical to determine empirical knowledge about the return on investment of systems engineering activities. As of this writing, interesting results in the demographics have been observed based on 30 program interviews. This paper provides information showing (a) source information on the interviewed programs, (b) observed quantitative breakdown of systems engineering effort into eight activities, (c) histogram spreads of the observed characteristics of the source programs, and (d) histogram spreads of the observed correlative parameters. The paper also provides initial indications of the differences between successful and unsuccessful programs.
9.2.1 Reference Framework and Model for Integration of Risk Management in Agile Systems Engineering Lifecycle of the Defense Acquisition Management Framework
Authors: Crowe Portia , Mostashari Ali , Mansouri Mo , Cloutier Robert 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRisk management is a requirement for success of any enterprise. Despite this fact, there have been limited solutions for integrating risk management in agile life cycles. On average, 70% of all IT‐related projects fail to meet their objectives which have caused 80% of companies to reassess their process. One of these processes includes risk management where studies have shown that risks should be assessed in all dimensions of a program. We found that risk management was being conducted on the overall program with concentration in the software development phase which leaves other life cycle phases with no risk assessments and mitigation strategies. Agile systems engineering is more complex than traditional systems engineering due to events happening concurrently and non‐sequentially during the life cycle of a program. This paper will propose a framework and model for risk ‘managility’, management in an agile environment, specifically in systems engineering life cycle. We use the Department of Defense's Evolutionary Acquisition and Management Framework as a bridge to define and illustrate an agile systems engineering life cycle (ASEL) framework and an agile risk integrated engineering lifecycle (ARIEL) model.
9.2.3 A Rationale and Framework for Integrating Systems Engineering and Software Engineering
Authors: Turner Richard , Pyster Arthur , Pennotti Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAs illustrated in the harmonization of ISO 15288 and ISO 12207, the disciplines of systems engineering and software engineering share many processes, methods, and concerns. In most systems of interest, software now provides a significant majority of functionality and increasingly is a significant component in determining non‐functional attributes. Failures in system acquisition and implementation are often attributed to systems and/or software engineering shortfalls. The need to apply systems engineering to software design and development, as well as the need to incorporate software engineering concepts into systems engineering decisions, implies that a closer relationship between the two disciplines is appropriate. This paper states a clear rationale for integrating the two disciplines, defines a framework that establishes a vocabulary for discussing integration, and presents initial findings in using that framework to describe systems and software integration in ongoing defence programs.
10.1.2 Integrating Systems and Business Engineering in an International Context: The SpaceTech Postgraduate Program
Authors: Gill E. , Kreisel J. , Verma D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSuccessful education of engineers needs continuous adaptation to track the changing needs of industry. The adaptation is not limited to technological advance or to the changing mentality of new students but also to end‐to‐end engineering approaches using Systems Engineering. However, industries today require more and more engineers with profound knowledge of business engineering to arrive at successful products – a fact which universities typically have not sufficiently taken into account yet.The SpaceTech program of the Delft University of Technology is an international postgraduate program for experienced high potentials seeking expertise in space systems and business engineering. The program centres around a Central Case Project where a group of international participants exercise space systems engineering fundamentals together with marketing and business engineering tools to create a financially viable virtual business.Based on more than 10 years of experience from the SpaceTech program, the learning objectives of Systems Engineering and business engineering and their interrelations are analyzed. Topics of past Central Case Projects are summarized and trends are extracted. The potentials of integrating Systems and Business Engineering are identified and their limitations in an educational environment are addressed.
10.2.2 Initial Experience in Contracts Based Systems Engineering
Authors: Herzog Erik , Andersson Henric 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEngineering process efficiency is the target of any systems engineering organisation. In this paper we review initial experience from applying the Contracts based systems engineering method developed by the SPEEDS project. The method is outlined along with experience gathered from pilot projects performed at SAAB Aerosystems. Outlines for adapting the method to mainstream tools as well as future adoption activities are also presented.
10.2.3 ELICERE: A Process for Defining Dependability Goals for Critical Computer Systems
Authors: Lahoz Carlos H. N. , Camargo João Batista 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper introduces the ELICERE process: a dependability requirement elicitation process applied to critical computer systems, based on a goal‐oriented requirements engineering technique i* (pronounced i‐star), and safety engineering techniques. After creating the system model using i* diagrams and their relationship components, such as goal, soft‐goal, resource and task, these components are analyzed through guidewords based on HAZOP and FMEA. This process is applied to some critical elements of the system model, from where goals related to dependability are extracted. The authors believe that this interdisciplinary approach will allow promoting the identification of goals that meet the quality requirements related to safety, reliability and other dependability factors still in the project conception phase. Also, ELICERE intends to facilitate the communication between system and software engineering communities, during a project requirements engineering phase.
Adaptive Activity Driven Multi‐Level Hierarchical Prediction of Complex Systems Through Profiling and Feedback
Authors: Hammami O. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractComplex systems composed of multi‐level hierarchical systems exhibit complex interacting dependences which affects the performance of the overall system. Although, one solution is to tightly monitor each system activity and feedback to the next step level in order to take appropriate measures and actions to improve the system this solution is costly and too systematic. In addition, a dependency chain exists between low level systems and higher level systems this dependency chains being as long as the number of levels of the system. We propose in this paper an activity driven adaptive hierarchical prediction technique for complex systems which minimizes monitoring and prediction resources requirements and still keep efficient overall systems performance prediction.
1.3.2 Enterprise Capability Assessment and Prioritization
Authors: Bryan Jeffrey D. , Caliva Robert M. , Murphy James A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is a science‐based, applied engineering national laboratory dedicated to supporting the U.S. Department of Energy's missions in nuclear and energy research, science, and national security. This paper describes the development of a qualitative approach (and tool) for assessing and prioritizing capability gaps of an enterprise (i.e., based on similar effort for a U.S. Army Brigade Combat Team) along with the assessment of potential solutions for reducing or closing those gaps. It discusses the effort to create a common information model (i.e., within a qualitative process and toolset) that can assist an enterprise to capture and visualize relationships between its mission(s), required capabilities, performance objectives, gaps and potential solutions. Key to this effort was the establishment of an analysis framework containing unique (i.e., mostly independent) capabilities organized within a hierarchy which allows for appropriate visibility into problem areas while eliminating redundancy that would bias assessment results. Finally, the paper presents the tool developed to manage and display relationships between multiple required capabilities, their gaps, and the solutions proposed for gap closure, such that the enterprise can better fulfill its mission(s).
1.2.1 System Engineering Competency The Missing Element in Engineering Education
Authors: Wasson Charles S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe “engineering of systems” performed in many organizations is often characterized as chaotic, ineffective, and inefficient. Objective evidence of these characteristics is reflected in program performance metrics such as non‐compliance to requirements, overrun budgets, and late schedule deliveries. Causal analysis reveals a number of factors contribute to this condition: a lack of technical leadership, a lack of understanding the user's problem / solution spaces, point design architectures and solutions, a lack of integrated decision making, et al. Further analysis indicates these factors are symptomatic of a much larger competency issue traceable to undergraduate engineering education ‐ the lack of a course in Systems Engineering fundamentals taught by seasoned instructors with robust, industrial experience acquired from a diversity of small to large, complex systems.This paper explores the ad hoc, chaotic, and dysfunctional nature of technical planning and execution. We trace its origins to the industrial Plug and Chug … Specify‐Design‐Build‐Test‐Fix Paradigm and its predecessor Plug and Chug … Design‐Build‐Test‐Fix Paradigm acquired informally in engineering school. Whereas these paradigms may be effective for academic application, they are not suitable or scalable to larger, complex system, product, or service development efforts.The solution is to bolster the competency of the engineering workforce at two stages: 1) upgrade undergraduate engineering education to include a System Engineering fundamentals course and 2) shift the industrial System Engineering paradigm through education and training to employ scalable SE problem solving / solution development methodologies for projects ranging in size from small to large, complex systems.
1.2.2 A Maturity Model for the Competency of Systems Engineers
Authors: Kasser Joseph E. , Frank Moti 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes a maturity model for the competency of systems engineers that instead of measuring years of experience is based on an assessment of an individual's skill against ability in each of three broad dimensions – knowledge (systems engineering and domain), cognitive characteristics (systems thinking and critical thinking) and individual traits. The maturity model is designed in such a manner so as to be a generic maturity model for assessing competency in many practitioner professions simply by changing the knowledge requirements.
1.4.2 Systematic Discrimination of Advanced Hydrogen Production Technologies
Authors: Park Charles V. , Patterson Michael W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy, in concert with industry, is developing a high‐temperature gas‐cooled reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to demonstrate high temperature heat applications to produce hydrogen and electricity or to support other industrial applications. A key part of this program is the production of hydrogen from water that would significantly reduce carbon emissions compared to current production using natural gas. In 2009 the INL led the methodical evaluation of promising advanced hydrogen production technologies in order to focus future resources on the most viable processes. This paper describes how the evaluation process was systematically planned and executed. As a result, High‐Temperature Steam Electrolysis was selected as the most viable near‐term technology to deploy as a part of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project.
2.2.1 Graduate Program in Multi‐Disciplinary System Design and Management
Authors: Kohtake Naohiko , Maeno Takashi , Nishimura Hidekazu , Ohkami Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract“System Design and Management” program, a study that integrates humanities and sciences by crossing many disciplines, is essential to foster talented persons who can lead in the development and operation of large‐scale complex systems. A graduate school of this program was established at Keio University in 2008. The subject of the education is large‐scale complex technological and social systems, with an education curriculum constructed and practically oriented lectures provided such that students can acquire a capacity of system thinking, a design faculty in line with system life cycles and system management abilities. By collaborating with industries and related stakeholders such as domestic and international educational research institutions, we designed an educational curriculum and recruited faculty members, developed educational facilities and research centers, recruited students, provided education, and moreover designed the method of publishing accomplishments. As for the establishment of the graduate school in April 2008, the educational curriculum was formed to provide students with opportunities to acquire must‐learn capability and knowledge that were classified into six groups. The validity of the education method was confirmed based on verification of the students' self‐evaluation, evaluation by the external evaluation committee and accomplishments by students such as papers, after the first two years of graduate education.
2.2.2 Getting Design Right: Systems Engineering for the Non‐Engineer
Authors: Jackson Peter L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOur goal is to disseminate the systems engineering process to as broad an audience as possible. This audience includes freshmen engineers, students from non‐engineering majors, as well as working managers and staff from a host of different occupations. Reviewing the impediments to the dissemination effort and the success of the Six Sigma movement, we articulate the requirements that a curriculum for non‐engineers should satisfy and we propose a particular blended curriculum that satisfies these requirements and highlight its features. We point to three implementations of the curriculum. Experience with this form of the curriculum is still in its infancy.
3.1.2 Exploring Resilience Measurement Methodologies
Authors: Erol Ozgur , Henry Devanandham , Sauser Brian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe new paradigm, known as “resilience engineering”, emphasizes the importance of measuring resilience and suggests the development of methodologies to analyze and prepare to improve the resilience of systems. In this paper we review existing resilience measurement methodologies, and provide a detailed discussion on the resilience measurement methodologies, challenges, and further implications. We define system's resilience as the capacity to decrease vulnerability, the ability to change and adapt, and the ability to recover quickly from disruption. Using this definition, we identify metrics which evaluate, more specifically: (1) a system's capability to decrease its level of vulnerability to expected and unexpected events, (2) its ability to change itself and adapt to changing environment; (3) its ability to recover in the least possible time in case of a disruptive event. Based on the discussed enterprise resilience metrics, we use several examples and evaluate a set of illustrative responses to common disruptions.
3.2.1 System Security Capability Assessment Model Development and Application
Authors: Simpson Joseph J. , Endicott‐Popovsky Barbara 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe INCOSE Systems Engineering Capability Assessment Model (SECAM) has been adapted to apply to the system security domain. Service organizations that do not produce an industrial manufactured product are the initial target of this new variation of capability assessment model. The primary goal of this work is the deployment of an adaptive set of organizational security assessment tools that provide the basis for controlled, structured organizational improvement of the existing security context. A new quick look assessment method is also presented to help an organization minimize the cost and time associated with this type of activity.
4.2.3 The Impact of Understanding the Need and Available Products in COTS Selection
Authors: Ferris Timothy L.J. , Do Quoc 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNowadays, more and more engineering solutions are built by integrating Commercial‐Of‐The‐Shelf (COTS) products rather than building subsystems from scratch. The selection of COTS for defence acquisition and upgraded projects presents a great challenge to systems engineers due to the rapidly changing nature of electronic systems, particularly those related to sensors, combat and mission systems, weapons and countermeasures, avionics, and communications. This paper explores the issues associated with the selection of COTS subsystems to be integrated into a larger system. When the total number of COTS components of the same kind to be procured is very low, such as one unit, there are additional constraints impacting the selection and procurement process. A case study is presented based on the development of the Systems Integration Sandpit (SIS) for exploring systems integration issues, fostering model‐based systems engineering and systems engineering education.
4.3.3 Integrating Testability and Diagnosis methods into Airbus Systems Development Process
Authors: Doumbia Fassely , Laurent Odile , Robach Chantal 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper exposes methodologies, based on testing strategies (Start‐Small and Multiple‐Clue), able to support two main steps of Airbus systems development process: formal specification validation activities and systems testing activities on Airbus Final Assembly Line (FAL). The experiments show that these methods can quantify testing efforts, guide functional tests definition, facilitate detailed design coverage activities and ease fault location.