bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culture conditions profoundly impact phenotype in BEAS‐2B, a human pulmonary epithelial model
Authors: Zhao Fei , Klimecki Walter T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBEAS‐2B, an immortalized, human lung epithelial cell line, has been used to model pulmonary epithelial function for over 30 years. The BEAS‐2B phenotype can be modulated by culture conditions that include the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). The popularity of BEAS‐2B as a model of arsenic toxicology, and the common use of BEAS‐2B cultured both with and without FBS, led us to investigate the impact of FBS on BEAS‐2B in the context of arsenic toxicology. Comparison of genome‐wide gene expression in BEAS‐2B cultured with or without FBS revealed altered expression in several biological pathways, including those related to carcinogenesis and energy metabolism. Real‐time measurements of oxygen consumption and glycolysis in BEAS‐2B demonstrated that FBS culture conditions were associated with a 1.4‐fold increase in total glycolytic capacity, a 1.9‐fold increase in basal respiration, a 2.0‐fold increase in oxygen consumed for ATP production and a 2.8‐fold increase in maximal respiration, compared with BEAS‐2B cultured without FBS. Comparisons of the transcriptome changes in BEAS‐2B resulting from FBS exposure to the transcriptome changes resulting from exposure to 1 μM sodium arsenite revealed that mRNA levels of 43% of the arsenite‐modulated genes were also modulated by FBS. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that BEAS‐2B cells exposed to 5% FBS for 8 weeks were almost 5 times more sensitive to arsenite cytotoxicity than non‐FBS‐exposed BEAS‐2B cells. Phenotype changes induced in BEAS‐2B by FBS suggest that culture conditions should be carefully considered when using BEAS‐2B as an experimental model of arsenic toxicity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility and biodegradation of protein microparticle and film scaffolds made from kafirin (sorghum prolamin protein) subcutaneously implanted in rodent models
Authors: Taylor Janet , Anyango Joseph O. , Potgieter Marnie , Kallmeyer Karlien , Naidoo Vinny , Pepper Michael S. , Taylor John R. N. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractKafirin, the sorghum prolamin protein, like its maize homologue zein, can be made into microparticles and films and potentially used as a biomaterial. Zein has good bio‐ and cyto‐compatibility. Kafirin could be advantageous as it is more hydrophobic, more crosslinked, more slowly digested by mammalian proteases than zein and is non‐allergenic. The safety and biocompatibility of kafirin implants in two forms was determined in rodent models. One week post subcutaneous injection of kafirin microparticles (size 5‐µm diameter) in mice, chronic inflammation, abnormal red blood cells, and gross fibrin formation were observed. This chronic inflammatory response was possibly caused by the release of hydrolysis products such as glutamate during the degradation of the kafirin microparticles. In contrast, films made from kafirin microparticles (50‐µm thick, folded into 1 cm3) implanted in rats showed no abnormal inflammatory reactions and were only partially degraded by day 28. The slower degradation of the kafirin films was probably due to their far smaller surface area when compared to kafirin microparticles. Thus, kafirin films appear to have potential as a biomaterial. This study also raises awareness that the form of prolamin based biomaterials, (kafirin and zein) should be considered when assessing the safety of such materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2582–2590, 2015.
Centrality of Positive and Negative Deployment Memories Predicts Posttraumatic Growth in Danish Veterans
Authors: Staugaard Søren Risløv , Johannessen Kim Berg , Thomsen Yvonne Duval , Bertelsen Mette , Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to examine theoretically motivated predictors for the development of positive changes following potentially traumatic experiences (i.e., posttraumatic growth). Specifically, we wanted to examine the prediction that memories of highly negative and positive deployment events predict subsequent posttraumatic growth.MethodA total of 251 Danish soldiers (7% female, mean age 26.4) deployed to forward operating bases in Afghanistan filled out questionnaires before, during, and after deployment. This allowed us to perform prospective as well as cross‐sectional analyses of the data.ResultsThe main findings were that the centrality of highly emotional memories from deployment predicted growth alongside openness to experience, combat exposure, and social support. Importantly, the centrality of both positive and negative memories predicted growth equally well.ConclusionThe perceived importance of both negative and positive events may play an important part in the development of posttraumatic growth.
On Interval Edge Colorings of Biregular Bipartite Graphs With Small Vertex Degrees
Authors: Casselgren Carl Johan , Toft Bjarne 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA proper edge coloring of a graph with colors 1, 2, 3, … is called an interval coloring if the colors on the edges incident to each vertex form an interval of integers. A bipartite graph is ‐biregular if every vertex in one part has degree a and every vertex in the other part has degree b. It has been conjectured that all such graphs have interval colorings. We prove that all (3, 6)‐biregular graphs have interval colorings and that all (3, 9)‐biregular graphs having a cubic subgraph covering all vertices of degree 9 admit interval colorings. Moreover, we prove that slightly weaker versions of the conjecture hold for (3, 5)‐biregular, (4, 6)‐biregular, and (4, 8)‐biregular graphs. All our proofs are constructive and yield polynomial time algorithms for constructing the required colorings.
Impact of Meadow Degradation on Soil Water Status and Pasture Management—A Case Study in Tibet
Authors: He Siyuan , Richards Keith 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlpine meadow dominated by Kobresia pygmaea forms both an important ecosystem and the main pasture resource on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, and its degradation is detrimental to ecosystem health and the pastoral economy. This paper reports research on the impacts of possible degradation on soil and biological properties related to water status, as water availability is fundamental to grass productivity. It also considers herders' perceptions towards, and adaptation to, the changing environment. The research was carried out in and around Kema village in Nagqu Prefecture, Northern Tibet. The biotic and abiotic properties of the K. pygmaea meadow are significantly different in patches with diverse soil and vegetation combinations, which include normal meadow, crusted meadow, and bare soil. Change of species composition, low species diversity, coarsening of soil, and lack of soil moisture and organic matter are found under bare soil after erosion of the turf layer. Low infiltration rates and reduced dew deposition are found under crusted meadow. Herders have witnessed some aspects of the deterioration of meadow quality and have noticed some climatic variations. However, they do not consistently link changing meadow quality to climate change and rarely have a clear idea of what overgrazing is, as although their mobility has been reduced, they may think that they are still using pastures periodically as in transhumance. Adapting current privatisation policies by considering herders' traditions and needs, and balancing scientific knowledge with local perception and knowledge, will help to guarantee long‐term benefits through sustainable use of the fragile alpine meadow resource. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of Ink‐Jet Printable Vinyl Ether‐Graphene UV‐Curable Formulations
Authors: Sangermano M. , Sturari M. , Chiappone A. , Roppolo I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis work reports the formulation of vinyl ether containing functionalized graphene sheets in order to produce UV‐curable conductive inks. The best graphene‐surfactant ratio was found to give a stable dispersion of graphene into triethyleneglycol divinyl ether (DVE3) resin, avoiding the presence of large filler aggregates that could clog printing head during ink‐jet process. Propylene carbonate was used as solvent to adjust the viscosity of the formulation. The presence of graphene did not significantly hindered the UV‐curing process. Crosslinked nanocomposite materials show a decrease of resistivity of seven order of magnitude with respect to the pristine polymeric matrix.
Prostatic angiogenic responses in late life: Antiangiogenic therapy influences and relation with the glandular microenvironment in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model
Authors: Montico Fabio , Kido Larissa Akemi , Hetzl Amanda Cia , Cagnon Valéria Helena Alves 
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUNDAging is considered one of the main predisposing factors for the development of prostate malignancies. Angiogenesis is fundamental for tumor growth and its inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment. Thus, we sought to determine angiogenic responses and the effects of antiangiogenic therapy in the mouse prostate during late life, comparing these findings with the prostatic microenvironment in the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model.METHODSMale mice (52 week‐old FVB) were submitted to treatments with SU5416 (6 mg/kg; i.p.) and/or TNP‐470 (15 mg/kg; s.c.). Finasteride was administered (20 mg/kg; s.c.), alone or in association to both inhibitors. The dorsolateral prostate was collected for VEGF, HIF‐1α, FGF‐2 and endostatin immunohistochemical and Western Blotting analyses and for microvessel density (MVD) count.RESULTSSenescence led to increased MVD and VEGF, HIF‐1α and FGF‐2 protein levels in the prostatic microenvironment, similarly to what was observed in TRAMP mice prostate. The angiogenic process was impaired in all the treated groups, demonstrating significantly decreased MVD. Antiangiogenic and/or finasteride treatments resulted in decreased VEGF and HIF‐1α levels, especially following TNP‐470 administration, either alone or associated to SU5416. The combination of these agents resulted in increased endostatin levels, regardless of the presence of finasteride.CONCLUSIONSProstatic angiogenesis stimulation during senescence favored the development of neoplastic lesions, considering the pro‐angiogenic microenvironment as a common aspect also observed during cancer progression in TRAMP mice. The combined antiangiogenic therapy was more efficient, leading to enhanced imbalance towards angiogenic inhibition in the organ. Finally, finasteride administration might secondarily upregulate the expression of pro‐angiogenic factors, pointing to the harmful effects of this therapy. Prostate 75: 484–499, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structures of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ferraris Davide M. , Spallek Ralf , Oehlmann Wulf , Singh Mahavir , Rizzi Menico 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a central metabolic pathway of all aerobic organisms and is responsible for the synthesis of many important precursors and molecules. TCA cycle plays a key role in the metabolism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is involved in the adaptation process of the bacteria to the host immune response. We present here the first crystal structures of M. tuberculosis malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase, two consecutive enzymes of the TCA, at 2.6 Å and 1.5 Å resolution, respectively. General analogies and local differences with the previously reported homologous protein structures are described. Proteins 2015; 83:389–394. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An efficient single unit T‐box/T−1‐box implementation for 128‐bit AES on FPGA
Authors: Kundi Dur‐e‐Shahwar , Aziz Arshad , Kazmi Majida 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present an area efficient Block RAM (BRAM)‐based single unit design of T‐box/T−1‐box on a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) for combined Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption and decryption. Conventional FPGA designs for T‐box module not only utilize several BRAMs for 16 bytes parallel look‐up operations but also because of asymmetric nature of AES, use separate hardware for T−1‐box unit in decryption process. Alternatively in iterative architecture, BRAM in dual‐port mode configuration takes eight clock cycles to access 16 look‐up operations from a T‐box because of its synchronous nature. Thus, resulting in an unoptimized solution not only in term of FPGA resources but also results in high latency for iterative architecture. Our proposed design uses single symmetric T‐box/T−1‐box table with same set of single resource‐shared hardware for both the encryptor and decryptor and at the same time performs eight look‐up operations from single BRAM in one clock cycle using efficient BRAM switching technique instead of using multirated clocking. Our complete 128‐bit symmetric T‐box/T−1‐box design fits into just 2 BRAMs and 136 Slices. It occupies lowest area reported to date with 50% power saving and highest Throughput Per Slice (TPS) of 10.77. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
HPGCD Outperforms HPBCD as a Potential Treatment for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C During Disease Modeling with iPS Cells
Authors: Soga Minami , Ishitsuka Yoichi , Hamasaki Makoto , Yoneda Kaori , Furuya Hirokazu , Matsuo Muneaki , Ihn Hironobu , Fusaki Noemi , Nakamura Kimitoshi , Nakagata Naomi , Endo Fumio , Irie Tetsumi , Era Takumi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of free cholesterol and glycolipids. Here, we established induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from NPC patients. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and neural progenitors derived from the iPSC lines accumulated cholesterol and displayed impaired autophagy and ATP production. A molecular signature related to lipid metabolism was also impaired in the NPC-iPSC-derived HLCs. These findings indicate that iPSC-derived cells can phenocopy human NPC. We also newly found that 2-hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin (HPGCD) could reduce the cholesterol accumulation and restore the functional and molecular abnormalities in the NPC patient-derived cells, and do so more effectively than 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment. In addition, NPC model mice showed an improved liver status and prolonged survival with HPGCDs. Thus, iPSC lines derived from patient cells are powerful tools to study cellular models of NPC, and HPGCD is a potential new drug candidate for future treatment of this disease. Stem Cells 2015;33:1075–1088
PPARα Regulates Endothelial Progenitor Cell Maturation and Myeloid Lineage Differentiation Through a NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Mechanism in Mice
Authors: Vergori Luisa , Lauret Emilie , Gaceb Abderahim , Beauvillain Céline , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson , Martinez M. Carmen 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is a key modulator of lipid metabolism. Here, we propose that PPARα regulates the maturation and function of bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells. Although PPARα deletion increased the number of BM-resident cells and the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and monocytic progenitor cells, it impaired re-endothelialization of injured carotid artery that was associated with reduced circulating EPCs. Also, PPARα deletion diminished the in vivo proangiogenic effect of PPARα agonist without affecting EPC differentiation markers. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment increased the population of monocytic progenitor cells as well as secretome of BM-derived cells in PPARα wild-type but not in knockout mice. In addition, PPARα-null mice displayed reduced lymphocytes and increased monocytes and neutrophils in the blood. Furthermore, PPARα-null mice exhibited increments in the number of total cells (as well as of phenotypically distinct subpopulations of lymph node cells) but also a significant alteration in the number of various subpopulations of splenocytes and thymocytes. Finally, PPARα negatively regulated reactive oxygen species derived by NADPH oxidase in BM-resident progenitor cells. Taken together, our data provide evidence that PPARα is a critical regulator of recruitment, homing, and maturation of BM-derived progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:1292–1303
Seeing Complex System through Different Lenses: Impact of Decomposition Perspective on System Architecture Analysis
Authors: Suh Eun Suk , Chiriac Noemi , Hölttä‐Otto Katja 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCreating a representation of the base system architecture is one of the first and most critical steps for system development. Typically, the system architect would start by decomposing the existing or proposed system into smaller subsystems or modules. It is widely recognized that at the overall systems level a system can be viewed from different viewpoints. However, unlike often assumed, also when focusing on a single view, such as a systems view, the system decomposition can be done in many alternative ways thus resulting in a different base architecture every time. Depending on the system architect's perspective, representation of system can vary widely, having a profound impact on subsequent system architecture development. In this paper, quantitative analysis of system architecture representation, using a design structure matrix (DSM), and its effect on system modularity is presented. The analysis reveals that the results of the system analysis, namely modularity, are different for the same system, depending on the system architect's perspective. This work highlights the need for more structured approaches to system decomposition and system analysis based on that decomposition.
Evaluation of Rhodamine B as a biomarker for assessing bait acceptance in wild pigs
Authors: Beasley James , Webster Sarah C. , Rhodes Olin E. , Cunningham Fred L. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTWorldwide, there is growing interest in the use of pharmaceutical baits to control populations of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). In this study we evaluated the utility of Rhodamine B (RB), a chemical marker commonly used in wildlife research and management, as a potential biomarker for quantifying bait uptake in wild pigs. Thirty wild pigs were live‐trapped, transported to a captive facility on the Department of Energy's Savannah River Site located in South Carolina, USA, during autumn 2013, and administered RB orally at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. Eight vibrissae and guard hairs were collected pre‐ and post‐RB exposure (7 or 14 days) and evaluated for the presence of RB using fluorescence microscopy. No evidence of RB marking was observed in any samples collected pre‐RB administration. In contrast, we observed fluorescent marking post‐RB exposure that was indicative of the presence of RB for all individuals, with 98% of vibrissae and 100% of guard hairs exhibiting RB marks. The uniform detection of RB among individuals and consistent manifestation of marks in both guard hair and vibrissae, samples that easily can be collected and stored by untrained field personnel from live or deceased pigs, suggests that RB is an effective biomarker for use in large‐scale management programs to control wild pigs. In particular, our results, combined with previous studies evaluating uptake of RB in other species, suggest that RB can be used to develop baiting programs to deliver pharmaceuticals to free‐ranging wild pigs, as well as evaluate the potential impacts of pig baits on non‐target species. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Quantifying moonlight and wind effects on flighted waterfowl capture success during night‐lighting
Authors: Buchanan Tore , Brook Rodney W. , Purvis Matthew P. , Davies J. Chris 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNight‐lighting is a common technique used to capture waterfowl, upland birds, and waterbirds. The method involves using bright artificial light and a steady loud noise to startle and confuse birds, allowing close approach and capture by hand or with a long‐handled dip‐net. Many researchers using this technique have noticed that moon phase (or relative brightness) and weather conditions can affect capture rates. Using 16 years (1996–2011) of night‐lighting capture data collected during the Ontario Waterfowl Airboat Banding Program, Canada, the effects of moon phase and wind speed on capture rates for flighted waterfowl were quantified. Increasing moon brightness had a negative effect on capture rates for all species analyzed (mallard [Anas platyrhynchos], wood duck [Aix sponsa], blue‐winged teal [Anas discors], green‐winged teal [Anas crecca], ring‐necked duck [Aythya collaris], hooded merganser [Lophodytes cucullatus], and American black duck [Anas rubripes]), with an increasing rate of decline in capture rates when the moon was >75% full (i.e., a bright night). Attempting waterfowl capture when the moon was >75% full led to 2‐fold cost increase per bird captured over the average cost per bird captured. Increasing wind speed was positively correlated with capture rate for some species, but had no significant effect on capture rate for most species analyzed. Night‐lighting capture of flighted waterfowl should be planned primarily during dark to moderately dark nights to maximize capture efficiency and reduce costs. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Closed reduction and immobilization of displaced distal radial fractures. Method of choice for the treatment of children?
Authors: Wendling-Keim D. S. , Wieser B. , Dietz H.-G. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Purpose
The therapy of distal radial fractures in children is expected to be as non-invasive as possible but also needs to deliver the definite care for gaining optimal reduction and stabilizing the fracture. Therefore, closed reduction and immobilization is competing with routine Kirschner wire fixation. The aim of our study was to investigate if closed reduction and immobilization without osteosynthesis can ensure stabilization of the fracture.

Methods
We chose a retrospective study design and analyzed 393 displaced distal radial fractures in children from 1 to 18 years with open epiphyseal plates studying medical files and X-rays. The Pearson’s χ
2 test was applied. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of P = 0.05.

Results
Of these studied fractures 263 cases were treated with closed reduction and immobilization. Only 38 of these needed secondary interventions, 28 of these underwent reduction after redisplacement and ten patients received secondary Kirschner wire fixation. The last follow-up examination after 4–6 weeks revealed that 96.4 % of fractures initially treated with closed reduction and immobilization were measured within the limits of remodeling. 104 of the studied fractures were treated with cast immobilization alone when displacement was expected to correct due to remodeling. Here 22.1 % of patients needed secondary reduction. Furthermore, primary Kirschner wire fixation was performed in only 25 children with unstable fractures and only one received further treatment. Interestingly, operative reports of primary closed reduction revealed that repeated maneuvers of reduction as well as residual displacement are risk factors for redisplacement.

Conclusion
For the treatment of displaced distal radial fractures in children closed reduction and immobilization can be considered the method of choice. However, for cases with repeated reduction maneuvers or residual displacement we recommend primary Kirschner wire fixation to avoid redisplacement.

Level of evidence
Retrospective comparative study, Level III