bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le mouvement des settlements et les populations afro-américaines : engagement ou oubli ?
Authors: Ward John 
Published: September 2014

Cet article présente un certain nombre d’influences intellectuelles et religieuses ayant contribué à l’élaboration de l’action sociale des résidences sociales américaines (settlements) à l’ère progressiste (1890-1920). À partir des travaux d’historiens anglophones, l’auteur montre que la ségrégation à l’égard de la population afro-américaine n’est nullement remise en cause par les courants de pensée influents auprès du mouvement, ni par sa fondatrice Jane Addams. Toutefois, son idéal de progrès, sa référence au Gospel social et le paradigme pseudoscientifique « évolutionniste » qui inspirent son action l’ont conduit à avoir une certaine influence sur des personnalités noires porteuses d’action sociale à l’égard de cette population.
Les arts de la rue et les publics éloignés de la culture
Authors: Gaber Floriane 
Published: September 2014

Dès leur émergence dans les années 1970, les arts de la rue se destinent (et sont destinés) à toucher « le plus grand nombre ». Ils relèvent, dès lors, la plupart du temps, des politiques de la ville qui visent à « réduire la fracture sociale ». Aujourd’hui, si les festivals de rue sont majoritairement fréquentés par des publics ayant de larges pratiques culturelles, d’autres dispositifs visent à inscrire l’action des artistes de rue dans la durée, au contact des habitants des territoires infusés.
De la démarche d'évaluation et de concertation territoriale vers les dispositifs intégrés
Authors: Acef Saïd , Barreyre Jean-Yves , Bouquet Thomas 
Published: September 2014

Les xix e et xx e siècles ont répondu massivement à la question sociale, en organisant les questions posées, et les populations qui en étaient victimes, en « disciplines chargées de les résoudre ». Or, dans les deux dernières décennies du xx e siècle, cette construction disciplinaire se heurte à des situations de vulnérabilité qui n’entrent pas ou plus dans ce paradigme dominant. D’où l’apparition du mot « incasable » pour caractériser ces personnes qui se situent en dehors de ces champs disciplinaires particuliers. Les lois des années 2000 sont une première réponse législative à ce problème : en instituant le plan personnalisé – de compensation, d’aides, de l’enfant, de soins –, qui considère la personne prise en compte comme une ressource, on va s’efforcer de créer les parcours (de vie, de soins) les plus judicieux. Mais cette manière de concevoir l’intervention nécessite, pour être efficace, l’intégration des soins et services à tous les échelons du territoire et la mise en réseau des acteurs. Un exemple de cette stratégie est donné par les dispositifs d’intégration dits MAIA (Maisons pour l’autonomie et l’intégration des malades d’Alzheimer), qui se structurent autour de six leviers : la concertation, le guichet intégré, la gestion de cas, l’évaluation multidimensionnelle, le plan de services individualisé, le système d’information partagé. Malgré un certain nombre de résistances, cette expérience contient de réels facteurs de succès, la gestion de cas s’instituant comme levier de « coordination de parcours ». Un autre exemple pourrait intéresser le Plan autisme dans une démarche méthodique que l’article analyse avec précision. C’est une révolution culturelle nécessaire, une prise en compte de l’éthique de responsabilité, visant une plus grande rationalité de l’action collective organisée.
Bonnes pratiques, stratégies d'intégration et enjeux d'implantation des transformations, particulièrement au Québec
Authors: Fleury Marie-Josée 
Published: September 2014

Cet article a pour but de présenter succinctement les transformations du système de santé mentale au Québec, dans les dernières années, en liaison avec les tendances internationales. Dans le souci d’une meilleure intégration de ce système ainsi que du rétablissement des personnes, le Plan d’action en santé mentale ( pasm 2005-2010) vise la consolidation des services offerts par la mise en place d’équipes multidisciplinaires de soins en première ligne, ainsi que d’équipes de suivi intensif. Des pratiques basées sur les données probantes et des stratégies d’intégration visant à mieux coordonner les services offerts par les professionnels et les organisations sont présentées : l’approche des soins centrés sur les patients, les soins par étape, la gestion de cas, les soins partagés, les soins chroniques, les réseaux intégrés de services. Des avancées significatives ont été réalisées pour mieux rencontrer les besoins de la clientèle, mais des défis importants restent à parfaire sur le plan de l’implantation des transformations et de l’amélioration de l’efficience d’ensemble du dispositif de soins de santé mentale.
L'intégration des services gérontologiques en France et au Québec : le rôle des agences régionales de santé
Authors: Trouvé Hélène , Demers Louis , Couturier Yves , Imbert Geneviève , Saint-Jean Olivier , Somme Dominique 
Published: September 2014

Cet article se propose de comparer, dans une perspective sociopolitique, la construction de la politique publique d’intégration des services gérontologiques en France et au Québec en mettant le focus de l’analyse sur l’action des agences régionales. En dépit de leurs différences, le Québec et la France se sont appuyés sur une même méthode, nommée prisma (Programme de recherche sur l’intégration des services pour le maintien de l’autonomie), pour mettre en place l’intégration des services à travers les « Réseaux de services intégrés pour personnes âgées » ( rsipa ) au Québec et les dispositifs « Maisons pour l’autonomie et l’intégration des malades d’Alzheimer » ( maia ) en France. Dans les deux contextes, le législateur a mandaté les agences de la santé et des services sociaux ( asss ), au Québec, et les agences régionales de santé ( ars ), en France, pour favoriser la mise en œuvre de cette politique publique d’intégration des services gérontologiques. La méthode prisma postule que le déploiement de réseaux de services intégrés nécessite la coresponsabilité des acteurs aux niveaux institutionnel (responsables et financeurs nationaux et régionaux), organisationnel (responsables des services d’aide et des soins) et clinique (intervenants auprès des usagers). Or, l’ensemble de ces acteurs fait appel à des modes d’organisation et de financements dont les règles n’ont pas été conçues pour favoriser l’intégration des services. Le défi posé aux agences régionales à cet égard est particulièrement considérable.
Identification and Clinical Relevance of Naturally Occurring Human CD8+HLA-DR+ Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Arruvito Lourdes , Payaslián Florencia , Baz Plácida , Podhorzer Ariel , Billordo Ariel , Pandolfi Julieta , Semeniuk Guillermo , Arribalzaga Eduardo , Fainboim Leonardo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe lack of responsiveness to self and non-self Ags is normally maintained by multiple mechanisms, including the suppressive activities of several T cell subsets. In this study, we show that CD8+ T cells from both adult peripheral blood and umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells constitutively expressing HLA-DR represent a natural human CD8+ regulatory T cell subset. Their suppressive effect appears to be cell-to-cell contact dependent and may involve CTLA-4 signaling between neighboring T cells. These regulatory T cells can be expanded in vitro and exhibit a suppressive capacity similar to that observed in ex vivo CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells. The high frequency of CD8+HLA-DR+ T cells that we detected in patients with non–small cell lung cancer deserves further work to confirm their putative suppressor effect within the tumor.
Electron lifetimes from narrowband wave‐particle interactions within the plasmasphere
Authors: Ripoll J.‐F. , Albert J. M. , Cunningham G. S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the systematic study of electron lifetimes from narrowband wave‐particle interactions within the plasmasphere. It relies on a new formulation of the bounce‐averaged quasi‐linear pitch angle diffusion coefficients parameterized by a single frequency, ω, and wave normal angle, θ. We first show that the diffusion coefficients scale with ω/Ωce, where Ωce is the equatorial electron gyrofrequency, and that maximal pitch angle diffusion occurs along the line α0 = π/2–θ, where α0 is the equatorial pitch angle. Lifetimes are computed for L shell values in the range [1.5, 3.5] and energies, E, in the range [0.1, 6] MeV as a function of frequency and wave normal angle. The maximal pitch angle associated with a given lifetime is also given, revealing the frequencies that are able to scatter nearly equatorial pitch angle particles. The lifetimes are relatively independent of frequency and wave normal angle after taking into consideration the scaling law, with a weak dependence on wave normal angle up to 60–70°, increasing to infinity as the wave normal angle approaches the resonance cone. We identify regions in the (L, E) plane in which a single wave type (hiss, VLF transmitters, or lightning‐generated waves) is dominant relative to the others. We find that VLF waves dominate the lifetime for 0.2–0.4 MeV at L ~ 2 and for 0.5–0.8 MeV at L ~ 1.5, while hiss dominates the lifetime for 2–3 MeV at L = 3–3.5. The influence of lightning‐generated waves is always mixed with the other two and cannot be easily differentiated. Limitations of the method for addressing effects due to restricted latitude or pitch angle domains are also discussed. Finally, for each (L, E) we search for the minimum lifetime and find that the optimal frequency that produces this lifetime increases as L diminishes. Restricting the search to very oblique waves, which could be emitted during the Demonstration and Science Experiments satellite mission, we find that the optimal frequency is always close to 0.16Ωce.
Magnetostratigraphy and grain size record of the Xijiadian fluviolacustrine sediments in East China and its implied stepwise enhancement of the westerly circulation during the Eocene period
Authors: Jiang Hanchao , Zhong Ning , Li Yanhao , Xu Hongyan , Ma Xiaolin , Meng Yunfei , Mao Xue 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn order to reveal the Eocene westerlies' evolution history, 1053 paleomagnetic samples were collected and thermally demagnetized for the fluviolacustrine sediments at Xijiadian, Hubei Province, East China. Fourteen normal and 14 reversed polarity zones are recognized for the section. Correlation of the resultant magnetic polarity column to the Geomagnetic Polarity Time Scale suggests that the section was generally continuous and spanned 56.4–37.1 Ma. With respect to the stable Eurasian continent, variations in magnetic declination of the section indicate no significant rotations, supporting the earlier view that the South China Block has experienced no significant rotation relative to Eurasia since the Late Cretaceous. Provenance analysis suggests that the dominant fine sediments (red beds) of the Xijiadian section were transported by wind into the study area. Grain size measurements indicate that the <20 µm fraction and clay in the study area decreased from 56.4 to 50.7 Ma and stepwise increased during 50.7–37.3 Ma, implying that the westerly circulation in the Northern Hemisphere weakened during 56.4–50.7 Ma and stepwise strengthened during 50.7–37.3 Ma. In contrast, the 20–63 µm fraction, mainly from nearby dust sources of the study area, generally increased during 56.4–50.7 Ma and stepwise decreased from 50.7 to 37.3 Ma, implying aridity in the study area strengthened during 56.4–50.7 Ma and stepwise mitigated from 50.7 to 37.3 Ma. Changes in global temperature during the Eocene period probably played the primary role on evolutions of the westerly circulation in the Northern Hemisphere and of the arid conditions in the study area.
Physical mechanisms associated with long‐range propagation of the signals from ionospheric heating experiments
Authors: Zabotin Nikolay A. , Zavorotny Valery U. , Rietveld Michael T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLong‐range propagation of heater‐produced signals has been studied in experiments with the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association ionospheric heating facility and with several globally distributed receiving sites by Zalizovski et al. [2009]. Two distinctive components were present in the signals' spectra, and these can be attributed to two modes of propagation of the signals. One of the components is narrowband and stable; it obviously can be associated with the multihop ionospheric propagation of HF waves radiated by the side lobes of the heater's antenna array. Prominent features of the second component are its wider spectral band (up to few tens of hertz) and strong variations in the average Doppler frequency shift and in the power, which in many cases were synchronous at the different receiving sites. These effects are most likely produced by the ionospheric scattering and dynamics within the heater's main beam. The tricky part is to explain how a portion of the HF energy contained in the relatively narrow main beam of the heater is redirected toward the remote receiving locations. We suggest a robust mechanism explaining the long‐range propagation of the wideband component of the heater‐generated signal based on the theory of scattering from rough surfaces. This mechanism preserves all the observed properties of the remote signals. We show that mountain relief in the vicinity of the heater plays the role of the rough surface causing almost isotropic scattering of the heater's main beam after it is reflected by the ionosphere. Multiple scattering by natural and artificial field‐aligned irregularities in the ionospheric layer may be related to the ground‐scattered remote signals through its role in spatial redistribution of the heater's radiation.
Asymmetries in perceptions of self and others' hypocrisy: Rethinking the meaning and perception of the construct
Authors: Hale Willie J. , Pillow David R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article examines how people recall and describe instances of hypocrisy in their own and others' behavior. Participants (N = 302) provided two written examples. The first example recalled a time when someone called the participant a hypocrite, whereas the other recalled an instance when the participant perceived someone else's behavior as hypocritical. The first goal of the study was to discover if real‐world examples of hypocrisy reflect only mere inconsistency, consistent with the construct's narrow use in psychology, or if they contain other distinctive defining features. A typology was used to code the examples, based loosely on Crisp and Cowton's philosophical distinction between four forms of hypocrisy: direct inconsistency, pretense, blame, and complacency. The second goal was to uncover reliable actor–observer differences in perceptions of hypocrisy. Results indicated that the four forms occur in real‐world examples of both self and others' hypocrisy. Interestingly, a new fifth form, indirect inconsistency, emerged from the data, adding nuance to the initial hypothesis. Finally, several actor–observer differences in perceptions of hypocrisy arose and are discussed. The results indicate that hypocrisy is a much more complicated phenomenon than previously considered and provide the impetus for new areas of research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of construal level on risk‐taking
Authors: Lermer Eva , Streicher Bernhard , Sachs Rainer , Raue Martina , Frey Dieter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn a series of studies, we examined the influence of people's mind‐set (construal level (CL): abstract versus concrete) on their risk‐taking behavior. We measured differences in CL (study 1, CL as trait) and manipulated CL (studies 1–5, CL as state) with different priming methods, which were unrelated to the dependent variable of risk‐taking behavior (studies 1, 3, 4, and 5: Balloon Analog Risk Task; study 2: Angling Risk Task). In all studies, abstract CL resulted in greater risk‐taking compared with concrete CL, which led to lower risk‐taking. Risky and safe game strategies mediated the CL effect on risk‐taking. A concrete mind‐set increased the safe game strategy, whereas an abstract mind‐set increased the risky game strategy. Furthermore, different potential mediators were explored (i.e., focus on payoffs and probabilities, prevention versus promotion focus, attention to pros versus cons, and mood). A concrete mind‐set increased prevention strategies and a negative mood when compared with an abstract mind‐set. In turn, an abstract mind‐set increased attention to pros (of an action). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of the formation of biogenic amines in mackerel mince by microbial transglutaminase
Authors: Yerlikaya Pinar , Gokoglu Nalan , Ucak Ilknur , Yatmaz Hanife Aydan , Benjakul Soottawat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial transglutaminase (MTGase) is an enzyme utilized in the food industry in many areas. In this study, the suppression effect of MTGase at various levels (0, 2, 5, 10 g kg−1) on the formation of biogenic amines in mackerel was determined during refrigerated storage of 8 days.RESULTSMince added with 2 g kg−1 MTGase showed the lowest formation of putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine throughout the storage. Histamine exceeded the consumable limit (500 mg kg−1) after the 4th day, except for that containing 2 g kg−1 MTGase. The formation of total volatile basic nitrogen and total free amino acid content were retarded and the pH value was unaltered by addition of MTGase. With increasing MTGase levels, the growth of total psychrophilic bacteria, mould, yeast and coliform bacteria was retarded. The sensory scores of mackerel mince increased as MTGase concentrations increased.CONCLUSIONMTGase plays a role in maintaining the quality of mackerel mince during refrigerated storage. As a result of the present study, a new use for MTGase in the food industry is revealed. It will contribute especially in the field of development of products for consumers with allergic sensitivity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Increasing the Knowledge on the Management of Cu‐Contaminated Agricultural Soils by Cropping Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Sacristán Daniel , Peñarroya Blai , Recatalá Luis 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper increases the knowledge on the potential use of Cu‐contaminated agricultural soils with tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The effect of Cu and its interaction with soil properties on plant biomass production and on the accumulation of this metal in plant tissues were evaluated by conducting biomass assays in four representative Mediterranean agricultural soils contaminated by Cu. Copper toxicity on plant biomass production, evaluated through the effective concentrations of Cu added to soil that reduce the biomass production by 50% (EC50) and by 10% (EC10), was higher in soils having less soil organic matter and clay content and even in soils with favourable properties but having salinity. For the cases in which tomato was collected, Cu concentrations in them were similar for all soils and doses and never exceed the maximum Cu concentration allowed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission Regulation (10 mgCu kg−1 in fresh weight basis). According to our results, tomato could be cropped in Cu‐contaminated Mediterranean agricultural soils when concentrations of Cu determined in them rely between their respective EC50 and EC10, because production and quality of fruits, the latter understood as the Cu concentration in them, would not be compromised. For the soils assayed, these values would range between 32·9 and 1696·5 mg kg−1, depending on soil properties. Because the baseline value considered is similar to those established in other parts of the European Mediterranean region, these results can be used as guidance for this region to establish adequate phytoremediation strategies and prevent land degradation processes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct circular dichroism spectroscopic signatures of polyproline II and unordered secondary structures: Applications in secondary structure analyses
Authors: Lopes Jose L. S. , Miles Andrew J. , Whitmore Lee , Wallace B. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCircular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a valuable method for defining canonical secondary structure contents of proteins based on empirically‐defined spectroscopic signatures derived from proteins with known three‐dimensional structures. Many proteins identified as being “Intrinsically Disordered Proteins” have a significant amount of their structure that is neither sheet, helix, nor turn; this type of structure is often classified by CD as “other”, “random coil”, “unordered”, or “disordered”. However the “other” category can also include polyproline II (PPII)‐type structures, whose spectral properties have not been well‐distinguished from those of unordered structures. In this study, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy was used to investigate the spectral properties of collagen and polyproline, which both contain PPII‐type structures. Their native spectra were compared as representatives of PPII structures. In addition, their spectra before and after treatment with various conditions to produce unfolded or denatured structures were also compared, with the aim of defining the differences between CD spectra of PPII and disordered structures. We conclude that the spectral features of collagen are more appropriate than those of polyproline for use as the representative spectrum for PPII structures present in typical amino acid‐containing proteins, and that the single most characteristic spectroscopic feature distinguishing a PPII structure from a disordered structure is the presence of a positive peak around 220nm in the former but not in the latter. These spectra are now available for inclusion in new reference data sets used for CD analyses of the secondary structures of soluble proteins.
Efficacy of homeopathic intervention in subclinical hypothyroidism with or without autoimmune thyroiditis in children: an exploratory randomized control study
Authors: Chauhan Vijay K. , Narang Archana , Marwaha Raman K. , Arora Saurav , Nagpal Latika , Verma Surender K. , Sreenivas V. , Manchanda Raj K. 
Published: September 2014

Introduction: The decision to treat subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with or without autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in children, presents a clinical dilemma. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of individualized homeopathy in these cases.Methods: The study is an exploratory, randomized, placebo controlled, single blind trial. Out of 5059 school children (06–18 years) screened for thyroid disorders, 537 children had SCH/AIT and 194 consented to participate. Based on primary outcome measures (TSH and/or antiTPOab) three major groups were formed: Group A – SCH + AIT (n = 38; high TSH with antiTPOab+), Group B – AIT (n = 47; normal TSH with antiTPOab+) and Group C – SCH (n = 109; only high TSH) and were further randomized to two subgroups-verum and control. Individualized homeopathy or identical placebo was given to respective subgroup. 162 patients completed 18 months of study.Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in all the subgroups. The post treatment serum TSH (Group A and C) returned to normal limits in 85.94% of verum and 64.29% of controls (p < 0.006), while serum AntiTPOab titers (Group A and B) returned within normal limits in 70.27%of verum and 27.02%controls (p < 0.05). Eight children (10.5%) progressed to overt hypothyroidism (OH) from control group.Conclusion: A statistically significant decline in serum TSH values and antiTPOab titers indicates that the homeopathic intervention has not only the potential to treat SCH with or without antiTPOab but may also prevent progression to OH.