bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of fifth anchoring point and violation of the insertion of the rotator cuff during antegrade humeral nailing
Authors: Euler S. A. , Hengg C. , Kolp D. , Wambacher M. , Kralinger F. 
Published: February 2014

Antegrade nailing of proximal humeral fractures using a straight nail can damage the bony insertion of the supraspinatus tendon and may lead to varus failure of the construct. In order to establish the ideal anatomical landmarks for insertion of the nail and their clinical relevance we analysed CT scans of bilateral proximal humeri in 200 patients (mean age 45.1 years (sd 19.6; 18 to 97) without humeral fractures. The entry point of the nail was defined by the point of intersection of the anteroposterior and lateral vertical axes with the cortex of the humeral head. The critical point was defined as the intersection of the sagittal axis with the medial limit of the insertion of the supraspinatus tendon on the greater tuberosity. The region of interest, i.e. the biggest entry hole that would not encroach on the insertion of the supraspinatus tendon, was calculated setting a 3 mm minimal distance from the critical point. This identified that 38.5% of the humeral heads were categorised as ‘critical types’, due to morphology in which the predicted offset of the entry point would encroach on the insertion of the supraspinatus tendon that may damage the tendon and reduce the stability of fixation.We therefore emphasise the need for ‘fastidious’ pre-operative planning to minimise this risk.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:249–53.
Disability following combat-sustained nerve injury of the upper limb
Authors: Rivera J. C. , Glebus G. P. , Cho M. S. 
Published: February 2014

Injuries to the limb are the most frequent cause of permanent disability following combat wounds. We reviewed the medical records of 450 soldiers to determine the type of upper limb nerve injuries sustained, the rate of remaining motor and sensory deficits at final follow-up, and the type of Army disability ratings granted. Of 189 soldiers with an injury of the upper limb, 70 had nerve-related trauma. There were 62 men and eight women with a mean age of 25 years (18 to 49). Disabilities due to nerve injuries were associated with loss of function, neuropathic pain or both. The mean nerve-related disability was 26% (0% to 70%), accounting for over one-half of this cohort’s cumulative disability. Patients injured in an explosion had higher disability ratings than those injured by gunshot. The ulnar nerve was most commonly injured, but most disability was associated with radial nerve trauma. In terms of the final outcome, at military discharge 59 subjects (84%) experienced persistent weakness, 48 (69%) had a persistent sensory deficit and 17 (24%) experienced chronic pain from scar-related or neuropathic pain. Nerve injury was the cause of frequent and substantial disability in our cohort of wounded soldiers. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:254–8.
The challenge of pelvic discontinuity
Authors: Abolghasemian M. , Tangsaraporn S. , Drexler M. , Barbuto R. , Backstein D. , Safir O. , Kuzyk P. , Gross A. 
Published: February 2014

The use of ilioischial cage reconstruction for pelvic discontinuity has been replaced by the Trabecular Metal (Zimmer, Warsaw, Indiana) cup-cage technique in our institution, due to the unsatisfactory outcome of using a cage alone in this situation. We report the outcome of 26 pelvic discontinuities in 24 patients (20 women and four men, mean age 65 years (44 to 84)) treated by the cup-cage technique at a mean follow-up of 82 months (12 to 113) and compared them with a series of 19 pelvic discontinuities in 19 patients (18 women and one man, mean age 70 years (42 to 86)) treated with a cage at a mean follow-up of 69 months (1 to 170). The clinical and radiological outcomes as well as the survivorship of the groups were compared. In all, four of the cup-cage group (15%) and 13 (68%) of the cage group failed due to septic or aseptic loosening. The seven-year survivorship was 87.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71 to 103) for the cup-cage group and 49.9% (95% CI 15 to 84) for the cage-alone group (p = 0.009). There were four major complications in the cup-cage group and nine in the cage group. Radiological union of the discontinuity was found in all successful cases in the cup-cage group and three of the successful cage cases. Three hips in the cup-cage group developed early radiological migration of the components, which stabilised with a successful outcome. Cup-cage reconstruction is a reliable technique for treating pelvic discontinuity in mid-term follow-up and is preferred to ilioischial cage reconstruction. If the continuity of the bone graft at the discontinuity site is not disrupted, early migration of the components does not necessarily result in failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:195–200.
The current state of bearing surfaces in total hip replacement
Authors: Rajpura A. , Kendoff D. , Board T. N. 
Published: February 2014

We reviewed the literature on the currently available choices of bearing surface in total hip replacement (THR). We present a detailed description of the properties of articulating surfaces review the understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of existing bearing couples. Recent technological developments in the field of polyethylene and ceramics have altered the risk of fracture and the rate of wear, although the use of metal-on-metal bearings has largely fallen out of favour, owing to concerns about reactions to metal debris. As expected, all bearing surface combinations have advantages and disadvantages. A patient-based approach is recommended, balancing the risks of different options against an individual’s functional demands.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:147–56.
The influence of age, gender and treatment with steroids on the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head during the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome
Authors: Guo K. J. , Zhao F. C. , Guo Y. , Li F. L. , Zhu L. , Zheng W. 
Published: February 2014

Corticosteroid use has been implicated in the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH). The exact mechanism and predisposing factors such as age, gender, dosage, type and combination of steroid treatment remain controversial. Between March and July 2003, a total of 539 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were treated with five different types of steroid. There were 129 men (24%) and 410 women (76%) with a mean age of 33.7 years (21 to 59). Routine screening was undertaken with radiographs, MRI and/or CT to determine the incidence of ONFH. Of the 129 male patients with SARS, 51 (39.5%) were diagnosed as suffering from ONFH, compared with only 79 of 410 female patients (19.3%). The incidence of ONFH in the patients aged between 20 and 49 years was much higher than that of the group aged between 50 and 59 years (25.9% (127 of 491) versus 6.3% (3 of 48); p = 0.018). The incidence of ONFH in patients receiving one type of steroid was 12.5% (21 of 168), which was much lower than patients receiving two different types (28.6%; 96 of 336) or three different types of steroid (37.1%; 13 of 35). Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:259–62.
Uncemented, custom-made, hydroxyapatite-coated collared distal femoral endoprostheses
Authors: Batta V. , Coathup M. J. , Parratt M. T. , Pollock R. C. , Aston W. J. , Cannon S. R. , Skinner J. A. , Briggs T. W. , Blunn G. W. 
Published: February 2014

We reviewed the outcome of 69 uncemented, custom-made, distal femoral endoprosthetic replacements performed in 69 patients between 1994 and 2006. There were 31 women and 38 men with a mean age at implantation of 16.5 years (5 to 37). All procedures were performed for primary malignant bone tumours of the distal femur. At a mean follow-up of 124.2 months (4 to 212), 53 patients were alive, with one patient lost to follow-up. All nine implants (13.0%) were revised due to aseptic loosening at a mean of 52 months (8 to 91); three implants (4.3%) were revised due to fracture of the shaft of the prosthesis and three patients (4.3%) had a peri-prosthetic fracture. Bone remodelling associated with periosteal cortical thinning adjacent to the uncemented intramedullary stem was seen in 24 patients but this did not predispose to failure. All aseptically loose implants in this series were diagnosed to be loose within the first five years.The results from this study suggest that custom-made uncemented distal femur replacements have a higher rate of aseptic loosening compared to published results for this design when used with cemented fixation. Loosening of uncemented replacements occurs early indicating that initial fixation of the implant is crucial.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:263–9.
Immediate soft-tissue reconstruction using a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap following wide resection of malignant bone tumours of the pelvis
Authors: Ogura K. , Miyamoto S. , Sakuraba M. , Chuman H. , Fujiwara T. , Kawai A. 
Published: February 2014

Resection of malignant bony tumours of the pelvis creates large bone and soft-tissue defects, and is frequently associated with complications such as wound dehiscence and deep infection. We present the results of six patients in whom a rectus abdominis myocutaneous (RAM) flap was used following resection of a malignant tumour of the pelvis. Bony reconstruction was performed using a constrained hip tumour prosthesis in three patients, vascularised fibular graft in two and frozen autograft in one. At a mean follow-up of 63 months (16 to 115), no patients had a problem with the wound. Immediate reconstruction using a RAM flap may be used after resection of a malignant tumour of the pelvis to provide an adequate volume of tissue to eliminate the dead space, cover the exposed bone or implants with well-vascularised soft tissue and to reduce the risk of complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:270–3.
Are cam and pincer deformities as common as dysplasia in Japanese patients with hip pain?
Authors: Mori R. , Yasunaga Y. , Yamasaki T. , Nakashiro J. , Fujii J. , Terayama H. , Ohshima S. , Ochi M. 
Published: February 2014

In Japan, osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip secondary to acetabular dysplasia is very common, and there are few data concerning the pathogeneses and incidence of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). We have attempted to clarify the radiological prevalence of painful FAI in a cohort of Japanese patients and to investigate the radiological findings. We identified 176 symptomatic patients (202 hips) with Tönnis grade 0 or 1 osteoarthritis, whom we prospectively studied between August 2011 and July 2012. There were 61 men (65 hips) and 115 women (137 hips) with a mean age of 51.8 years (11 to 83). Radiological analyses included the α-angle, centre–edge angle, cross-over sign, pistol grip deformity and femoral head neck ratio. Of the 202 hips, 79 (39.1%) had acetabular dysplasia, while 80 hips (39.6%) had no known aetiology. We found evidence of FAI in 60 hips (29.7%). Radiological FAI findings associated with cam deformity were the most common. There was a significant relationship between the pistol grip deformity and both the α-angle (p < 0.001) and femoral head–neck ratio (p = 0.024). Radiological evidence of symptomatic FAI was not uncommon in these Japanese patients.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;96-B:172–6.
The influence of immediate knee flexion on blood loss and other parameters following total knee replacement
Authors: Napier R. J. , Bennett D. , McConway J. , Wilson R. , Sykes A. M. , Doran E. , O’Brien S. , Beverland D. E. 
Published: February 2014

In an initial randomised controlled trial (RCT) we segregated 180 patients to one of two knee positions following total knee replacement (TKR): six hours of knee flexion using either a jig or knee extension. Outcome measures included post-operative blood loss, fall in haemoglobin, blood transfusion requirements, knee range of movement, limb swelling and functional scores. A second RCT consisted of 420 TKR patients randomised to one of three post-operative knee positions: flexion for three or six hours post-operatively, or knee extension. Positioning of the knee in flexion for six hours immediately after surgery significantly reduced blood loss (p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in post-operative range of movement, swelling, pain or outcome scores between the various knee positions in either study. Post-operative knee flexion may offer a simple and cost-effective way to reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements following TKR. We also report a cautionary note regarding the potential risks of prolonged knee flexion for more than six hours observed during clinical practice in the intervening period between the two trials, with 14 of 289 patients (4.7%) reporting lower limb sensory neuropathy at their three-month review. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:201–9.
Acetabular fractures in patients aged > 55 years
Authors: Daurka J. S. , Pastides P. S. , Lewis A. , Rickman M. , Bircher M. D. 
Published: February 2014

The increasing prevalence of osteoporosis in an ageing population has contributed to older patients becoming the fastest-growing group presenting with acetabular fractures. We performed a systematic review of the literature involving a number of databases to identify studies that included the treatment outcome of acetabular fractures in patients aged > 55 years. An initial search identified 61 studies; after exclusion by two independent reviewers, 15 studies were considered to meet the inclusion criteria. All were case series. The mean Coleman score for methodological quality assessment was 37 (25 to 49). There were 415 fractures in 414 patients. Pooled analysis revealed a mean age of 71.8 years (55 to 96) and a mean follow-up of 47.3 months (1 to 210). In seven studies the results of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were presented: this was combined with simultaneous hip replacement (THR) in four, and one study had a mixture of these strategies. The results of percutaneous fixation were presented in two studies, and a single study revealed the results of non-operative treatment. With fixation of the fracture, the overall mean rate of conversion to THR was 23.1% (0% to 45.5%). The mean rate of non-fatal complications was 39.8% (0% to 64%), and the mean mortality rate was 19.1% (5% to 50%) at a mean of 64 months (95% confidence interval 59.4 to 68.6; range 12 to 143). Further data dealing with the classification of the fracture, the surgical approach used, operative time, blood loss, functional and radiological outcomes were also analysed. This study highlights that, of the many forms of treatment available for this group of patients, there is a trend to higher complication rates and the need for further surgery compared with the results of the treatment of acetabular fractures in younger patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:157–63.
Reverse Ponseti-type treatment for children with congenital vertical talus
Authors: Wright J. , Coggings D. , Maizen C. , Ramachandran M. 
Published: February 2014

Children with congenital vertical talus (CVT) have been treated with extensive soft-tissue releases, with a high rate of complications. Recently, reverse Ponseti-type casting followed by percutaneous reduction and fixation has been described, with excellent results in separate cohorts of children with CVT, of either idiopathic or teratological aetiology. There are currently no studies that compare the outcome in these two types. We present a prospective cohort of 13 children (21 feet) with CVT of both idiopathic and teratological aetiology, in which this technique has been used. Clinical, radiological and parent-reported outcomes were obtained at a mean follow-up of 36 months (8 to 57). Six children (nine feet) had associated neuromuscular conditions or syndromes; the condition was idiopathic in seven children (12 feet). Initial correction was achieved in all children, with significant improvement in all radiological parameters. Recurrence was seen in ten feet. Modification of the technique to include limited capsulotomy at the initial operation may reduce the risk of recurrence. The reverse Ponseti-type technique is effective in the initial correction of CVT of both idiopathic and teratological aetiology. Recurrence is a problem in both these groups, with higher rates than first reported in the original paper. However, these rates are less than those reported after open surgical release. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:274–8.
An easy and efficient protocol for the condensation reaction of isatin and N-substituted isatins with 1,2-diaminobenzene using low cost reusable clay catalyst
Authors: Bajpai Shivam , Singh Sundaram , Srivastava Vandana 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
A green procedure was developed for the condensation of isatin and N-substituted isatins with 1,2-diaminobenzene by using reusable bentonite clay in EtOH/H2O solvent system, under microwave irradiation. This eco-friendly synthesis is characterized by high yields and short reaction times. The catalyst is easily recycled.
Synthesis of 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Li Wen-You , Song Yong , Chen Hong-Bo , Yang Wen-Long 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
2-Amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (AMT) was used to synthesize 24 new compounds. The structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
A convenient synthesis of 5,5′-bi-1,2,4-triazines via direct S-arylation and its application in the synthesis of 2,2′-bipyridines
Authors: Ławecka Justyna , Olender Ewa , Karczmarzyk Zbigniew , Wysocki Waldemar , Branowska Danuta , Urbańczyk-Lipkowska Zofia , Kalicki Przemysław 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Nucleophilic displacement of chlorides in 3,3′-dichloro-5,5′-bi-1,2,4-triazine with benzenethiolate or 2-pyridinethiolate anion afforded the corresponding symmetrical disulfide of 5,5′-bi-1,2,4-triazine in high yields. These products were transformed into 6,6′-bis(phenylthio)-2,2′-bipyridines and 6,6′-bis(2-pyridylthio)-2,2′-bipyridines by using Diels-Alder reactions. All compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and the X-ray diffraction analysis.
Remodeling of membrane compartments: some consequences of membrane fluidity
Authors: Lipowsky Reinhard 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Biological membranes consist of fluid bilayers with many lipid and protein components. This fluidity implies a high flexibility that allows the membranes to attain a large variety of different shapes. One important shape parameter is the spontaneous curvature, which describes the asymmetry between the two leaflets of a bilayer and can be changed by adsorption of ‘particles’ such as ions or proteins from the aqueous phases. Membrane fluidity also implies that the membranes can change their local composition via lateral diffusion and form intramembrane compartments. Two mechanisms for the formation of such compartments can be distinguished: membrane segmentation arising from structured environments and domain formation as a result of phase separation within the membranes. The interplay between these two mechanisms provides a simple and generic explanation for the difficulty to observe phase domains in vivo. Intramembrane domains can form new membrane compartments via budding and tubulation processes. Which of these two processes actually occurs depends on the fluid-elastic properties of the domains, on the adsorption kinetics, and on external constraints arising, e.g., from the osmotic conditions. Vesicles are predicted to unbind from adhesive surfaces via tubulation when the spontaneous curvature of their membranes exceeds a certain threshold value.
A cross-national study to compare the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of sexually transmitted diseases and the sexual risk behaviors of Latino adolescents
Authors: Brito Maximo O. , Davis Melinda , Chakrabarti Anindita 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Adolescents are at high risk of acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). However, little is known about differences in knowledge and risk behaviors across nationalities. The objective of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perceptions of STDs and the sexual risk behaviors in Latino adolescents in the United States (US) and the Dominican Republic (DR).
Methods: A survey was administered to 364 high school students after obtaining parental consent. The questionnaire asked about demographics, sources of STD information, risk behaviors, and knowledge of syphilis, gonorrhea, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mean percentage scores were calculated to compare correct responses by nationality, gender, and sexual activity. Predictors of self-reported high risk sexual behavior were identified by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: In all, 242 (66%) US and 122 (34%) DR students were interviewed. Of these, 52% were males. Median age was 15 years (range, 13–18). Sexual activity was reported by 40% of the participants and did not differ by gender (p=0.43) or national origin (p=0.53), although it was greater for adolescents older than 15 years of age (60% vs. 35%, p<0.001). US students identified abstinence as an effective STD prevention method more often than their counterparts (p=<0.001). Knowledge of specific STDs was higher in girls (p=0.002) and Dominicans (p=0.003). Predictors of high risk behavior were male gender (OR<uni-003D;2.50, 95% CI 1.35–4.63) and being sexually active (OR<uni-003D;3.09, 95% CI 1.71–5.59).
Conclusions: Sexual activity at an early age was prevalent, and knowledge of STDs low in these two groups of high school students. Males and sexually active individuals were more likely to engage in high risk behaviors. Girls and Dominican students exhibited greater knowledge of specific STDs.
Indiscriminate Behaviors in Previously Institutionalized Young Children
Authors: Gleason Mary Margaret , Fox Nathan A. , Drury Stacy S. , Smyke Anna T. , Nelson Charles A. , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
This study included 54-month-old children with a history of institutional care. Our goal was to: (1) examine differences in indiscriminate social behaviors in children with a history of institutional care compared with home-reared children; (2) test whether foster care reduces indiscriminate social behaviors in a randomized controlled trial; and (3) examine early predictors of indiscriminate behaviors.

METHODS:
Participants were 58 children with a history of institutional care and 31 never-institutionalized control (NIG) subjects enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of foster care for institutional care, assessed from toddlerhood to 54 months. Indiscriminate social behaviors were measured naturalistically by using the Stranger at the Door procedure.

RESULTS:
In the Stranger at the Door procedure, children with a history of institutional care left with a stranger at higher rates than NIG subjects (33% vs 3.5%; P &lt; .001). Children in the care as usual group left more than NIG subjects (41.9% vs 3.6%; P ≤ .001). The differences between the foster care group (24.1%) and the care as usual group and between foster care group and NIG were not significant. In a logistic regression, early disorganized attachment behaviors, baseline developmental quotient, and caregiving quality after randomization contributed to variance at 54 months. In the same analysis using only children with a history of institutional care, only disorganized attachment contributed significantly to 54-month indiscriminate social behaviors (Exp[B] = 1.6 [95% confidence interval: 1.1–2.5]).

CONCLUSIONS:
Observed socially indiscriminate behaviors at 54 months were associated with prolonged exposure to institutional care. Young children raised in conditions of deprivation who fail to develop organized attachments as toddlers are at increased risk for subsequent indiscriminate behaviors.