bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary Modulation of Disulfide Redox‐Responsiveness by Cooperativity of Twin‐Disulfide Bonds
Authors: Zhai Linxiang , Liang Jingjing , Guo Xiangqun , Zhao Yibing , Wu Chuanliu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDisulfide bonds have frequently been incorporated into synthetic materials to promote sensitivity of the systems towards different redox environments. Although many strategies have been developed to rationally tune the stability of disulfide linkers, methods to tune their responsiveness towards different redox environments remain elusive. In this work we have developed and explored a disulfide linker bearing two independent disulfide bonds, referred to as a twin‐disulfide linker. We have demonstrated that the twin‐disulfide linker displays an ultrahigh stability at lower concentrations of reducing agent or in weakly reducing environments without a significant compromise in the sensitivity of its response to highly reducing environments such as cytoplasm, a feature that is in remarkable contrast to the traditional single disulfide bonds. Such an extraordinary responsiveness arises from the cooperativity of the twin‐disulfide bonds, which should be of particular interest for applications such as controlled drug delivery and sensing, because relatively large differences in disulfide stability in different redox environments is desired in these applications.
Nonsymmetrical Azocarbonamide Carboxylates as Effective Mitsunobu Reagents
Authors: Furkert Daniel P. , Breitenbach Benjamin , Juen Ludovic , Sroka Ina , Pantin Mathilde , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA family of nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents possessing both dialkyl amide and ester substituents was developed. These new reagents were readily prepared in a single pot from inexpensive, commercially available materials by using a scalable and environmentally friendly procedure. They were shown to exhibit activity parallel to that of diethyl azodicarboxylate/diisopropyl azodicarboxylate in a wide variety of Mitsunobu reactions. Importantly, the acyl hydrazine reaction byproducts were readily separable from the crude mixture by standard aqueous workup. In addition, the discovery of effective nonsymmetrical Mitsunobu reagents offers new directions for the ongoing development of this important reaction.
Use and cost of hospitalization in dementia: longitudinal results from a community‐based study
Authors: Zhu Carolyn W. , Cosentino Stephanie , Ornstein Katherine , Gu Yian , Andrews Howard , Stern Yaakov 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to examine the relative contribution of functional impairment and cognitive deficits on risk of hospitalization and costs.MethodsA prospective cohort of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older who participated in the Washington Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) were followed approximately every 18 months for over 10 years (1805 never diagnosed with dementia during study period, 221 diagnosed with dementia at enrollment). Hospitalization and Medicare expenditures data (1999–2010) were obtained from Medicare claims. Multivariate analyses were conducted to examine (1) risk of all‐cause hospitalizations, (2) hospitalizations from ambulatory care sensitive (ACSs) conditions, (3) hospital length of stay (LOS), and (4) Medicare expenditures. Propensity score matching methods were used to reduce observed differences between demented and non‐demented groups at study enrollment. Analyses took into account repeated observations within each individual.ResultsCompared to propensity‐matched individuals without dementia, individuals with dementia had significantly higher risk for all‐cause hospitalization, longer LOS, and higher Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were significantly associated with higher risks for hospitalizations, hospital LOS, and Medicare expenditures. Functional and cognitive deficits were associated with higher risks of for some ACS but not all admissions.ConclusionsThese results allow us to differentiate the impact of functional and cognitive deficits on hospitalizations. To develop strategies to reduce hospitalizations and expenditures, better understanding of which types of hospitalizations and which disease characteristics impact these outcomes will be critical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LED‐Induced Polymerization (385, 405, and 455 nm) Using Star‐Shaped Tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine Derivatives as Light‐Harvesting Photoinitiators
Authors: Zhang Jing , Sallenave Xavier , Bui Thanh‐Tuan , Dumur Frédéric , Xiao Pu , Graff Bernadette , Gigmes Didier , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: October 2014

Two star‐shaped tris(4‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine derivatives, namely tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine and tris(4‐(5‐(3‐pentyl‐2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐5‐yl)thiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)amine, are developed as photoinitiators for radical and cationic polymerizations under near‐UV and visible light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) (e.g., 385, 405, and 455 nm). When used in combination with an iodonium salt (and optionally N‐vinyl carbazole) or an amine/alkyl halide couples, they lead to excellent photoinitiating abilities for the polymerization of epoxides or (meth)acrylates under air. Compared with commercial photoinitiators, i.e., camphorquinone‐based systems or bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)‐phenylphosphineoxide, the novel photoinitiators exhibit noticeably higher polymerization efficiencies under air (epoxide conversions = 41–57% vs ≈0%, halogen lamp exposure; methacrylate conversions = 50–55% vs 44%, LED at 405 nm exposure; methacrylate conversions = 34–42% vs 0–8%, LED at 455 nm exposure). These systems are also interesting in overcoming oxygen inhibition. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady‐state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
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Multivendor implementation and comparison of volumetric whole‐brain echo‐planar MR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Sabati Mohammad , Sheriff Sulaiman , Gu Meng , Wei Juan , Zhu Henry , Barker Peter B. , Spielman Daniel M. , Alger Jeffry R. , Maudsley Andrew A. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeTo assess volumetric proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of the human brain on multivendor MRI instruments.MethodsEcho‐planar spectroscopic imaging was developed on instruments from three manufacturers, with matched specifications and acquisition protocols that accounted for differences in sampling performance, radiofrequency (RF) power, and data formats. Intersite reproducibility was evaluated for signal‐normalized maps of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cre), and choline using phantom and human subject measurements. Comparative analyses included metrics for spectral quality, spatial coverage, and mean values in atlas‐registered brain regions.ResultsIntersite differences for phantom measurements were less than 1.7% for individual metabolites and less than 0.2% for ratio measurements. Spatial uniformity ranged from 79% to 91%. The human studies found differences of mean values in the temporal lobe, but good agreement in other white matter regions, with maximum differences relative to their mean of under 3.2%. For NAA/Cre, the maximum difference was 1.8%. In gray matter, a significant difference was observed for frontal lobe NAA. Primary causes of intersite differences were attributed to shim quality, B0 drift, and accuracy of RF excitation. Correlation coefficients for measurements at each site were over 0.60, indicating good reliability.ConclusionA volumetric intensity‐normalized MRSI acquisition can be implemented in a comparable manner across multivendor MR instruments. Magn Reson Med 74:1209–1220, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On detecting termination in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Sharma Shantanu , Singh Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYThe cognitive radio networks are an emerging wireless communication and computing paradigm. The cognitive radio nodes execute computations on multiple heterogeneous channels in the absence of licensed users (a.k.a. primary users) of those bands. The termination detection is a fundamental and non‐trivial problem in distributed systems. In this paper, we propose a termination detection protocol for multi‐hop cognitive radio networks where the cognitive radio nodes are allowed to tune to channels that are not currently occupied by primary users and to move to different locations during the protocol execution. The proposed protocol applies a credit‐distribution‐and‐aggregation approach and maintains a new kind of logical structure, called the virtual tree‐like structure. The virtual tree‐like structure helps in decreasing the latency involved in announcing termination. Unlike conventional tree structures, the virtual tree‐like structure does not require a specific node to act as the root node that has to stay involved in the computation until termination announcement; hence, the root node may become idle soon after finishing its computation. Also, the protocol is able to detect the presence of licensed users and announce strong or weak termination, whichever is possible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inelastic thermal spike model applied to metal/insulator interfaces
Authors: Chettah A. , Amekura H. , Baeker R. , Kucal H. , Takeda Y. , Matsuda M. , Iwase A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecently, inter‐diffusion induced by 200 MeV Xe ion irradiation in metal‐insulator interfaces (Bi/Al2O3and Au/Al2O3) was investigated experimentally via in‐situ RBS measurements using 16 MeV C ions. In this work, the experimental results were tried to be explained by the inelastic thermal spike model (ITSM). Although these results explained qualitatively the inter‐diffusion, the experimentally observed diffusion length (∼800 nm) at a fluence value of 7 x 1013cm‐2was much larger than the estimated maximum value within the ITSM (∼80 nm). It was found that the Bi concentration profiles measured via in‐situ RBS could not be fitted by simple diffusional ones. We suggested that the main responsible of the huge atomic diffusion exhibited by Bi in Al2O3could be the directional motion of Bi atoms in molten Al2O3triggered off by the pressure due to liquid‐vapor phase transition of Bi near the interface. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tracking control of uncertain Euler–Lagrange systems with finite‐time convergence
Authors: Hu Qinglei , Xiao Bing , Shi Peng 
Published: October 2014

SummaryA unified solution is presented to the tracking control problem of Euler–Lagrange systems with finite‐time convergence. A reconstruction module is designed to estimate the overall of unmodeled dynamics, disturbance, actuator misalignment, and multiple actuator faults. That reconstruction is accomplished in finite time with zero error. A nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is then synthesized, and the resultant closed‐loop system is also shown to be finite‐time stable with the reference trajectory followed in finite time. Unlike most sliding mode control methods to handle system uncertainties, the designed control has less conservativeness and stronger fault tolerant capability. A rigid spacecraft system is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and potential of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coverage hole problem under sensing topology in flat wireless sensor networks
Authors: An Wei , Qu Nan , Shao Fang‐Ming , Xiong Xiangjun , Ci Song 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTIn flat wireless sensor networks, one fundamental issue is region coverage, which usually addresses whether the given region is sufficiently covered by sensing disks of sensor nodes or not. Although numerous research works have been carried out on region coverage, it still lacks in‐depth understanding on the relations between region coverage and sensing topology defined with the intersections of sensing areas of sensor nodes. In this paper, we consider the region coverage problem by using the sensing topology proposed in our previous work. Based on the notion of sensing topology, we prove that the given region can be partitioned into a number of the smallest cells, each of which is defined by sensing links among sensor nodes. Then, we investigate the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of coverage holes for the specific polygon graph residing in the partitioned cells. Further, two polynomial time algorithms are presented for dividing the given region covered by the whole network and detecting the coverage holes existing in the interior area of the partitioned cells, respectively. The experiment results show that our proposed algorithms are effective for detecting the coverage holes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breeding of a xylose-fermenting hybrid strain by mating genetically engineered haploid strains derived from industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Inoue Hiroyuki , Hashimoto Seitaro , Matsushika Akinori , Watanabe Seiya , Sawayama Shigeki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR-2 is a promising host strain to genetically engineer xylose-utilizing yeasts for ethanol fermentation from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Two IR-2-based haploid strains were selected based upon the rate of xylulose fermentation, and hybrids were obtained by mating recombinant haploid strains harboring heterogeneous xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) (wild-type NAD+-dependent XDH or engineered NADP+-dependent XDH, ARSdR), xylose reductase (XR) and xylulose kinase (XK) genes. ARSdR in the hybrids selected for growth rates on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar and YP-xylose agar plates typically had a higher activity than NAD+-dependent XDH. Furthermore, the xylose-fermenting performance of the hybrid strain SE12 with the same level of heterogeneous XDH activity was similar to that of a recombinant strain of IR-2 harboring a single set of genes, XR/ARSdR/XK. These results suggest not only that the recombinant haploid strains retain the appropriate genetic background of IR-2 for ethanol production from xylose but also that ARSdR is preferable for xylose fermentation.
Improving Olympic Health Services: What are the Common Health Care Planning Issues?
Authors: Kononovas Kostas , Black Georgia , Taylor Jayne , Raine Rosalind 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroductionDue to their scale, the Olympic and Paralympic Games have the potential to place significant strain on local health services. The Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008, Vancouver 2010, and London 2012 Olympic host cities shared their experiences by publishing reports describing health care arrangements.HypothesisOlympic planning reports were compared to highlight best practices, to understand whether and which lessons are transferable, and to identify recurring health care planning issues for future hosts.MethodsA structured, critical, qualitative analysis of all available Olympic health care reports was conducted. Recommendations and issues with implications for future Olympic host cities were extracted from each report.ResultsThe six identified themes were: (1) the importance of early planning and relationship building: clarifying roles early to agree on responsibility and expectations, and engaging external and internal groups in the planning process from the start; (2) the development of appropriate medical provision: most health care needs are addressed inside Olympic venues rather than by hospitals which do not experience significant increases in attendance during the Games; (3) preparing for risks: gastrointestinal and food-borne illnesses are the most common communicable diseases experienced during the Games, but the incidence is still very low; (4) addressing the security risk: security arrangements are one of the most resource-demanding tasks; (5) managing administration and logistical issues: arranging staff permission to work at Games venues (“accreditation”) is the most complex administrative task that is likely to encounter delays and errors; and (6) planning and assessing health legacy programs: no previous Games were able to demonstrate that their health legacy initiatives were effective. Although each report identified similar health care planning issues, subsequent Olympic host cities did not appear to have drawn on the transferable experiences of previous host cities.ConclusionRepeated recommendations and lessons from host cities show that similar health care planning issues occur despite different health systems. To improve health care planning and delivery, host cities should pay heed to the specific planning issues that have been highlighted. It is also advisable to establish good communication with organizers from previous Games to learn first-hand about planning from previous hosts.KononovasK, BlackG, TaylorJ, RaineR. Improving Olympic health services: what are the common health care planning issues?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(6):1-6.
Simultaneous Exposure–Response Modeling of ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70 Improvement Scores in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Treated With Certolizumab Pegol
Authors: Lacroix B D , Karlsson M O , Friberg L E 
Published: October 2014

The Markovian approach has been proposed to model American College of Rheumatology's (ACR) response (ACR20, ACR50, or ACR70) reported in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials to account for the dependency of the scores over time. However, dichotomizing the composite ACR assessment discards much information. Here, we propose a new approach for modeling together the three thresholds: a continuous‐time Markov exposure–response model was developed, based on data from five placebo‐controlled certolizumab pegol clinical trials. This approach allows adequate prediction of individual ACR20/50/70 time‐response, even for non‐periodic observations. An exposure–response was established over a large range of licensed and unlicensed doses including phase II dose‐ranging data. Simulations from the model (50–400 mg every other week) illustrated the range and sustainability of response (ACR20: 56–68%, ACR50: 27–42%, ACR70: 11–22% at week 24) with maximum clinical effect achieved at the recommended maintenance dose of 200 mg every other week.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e143; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.41; published online 29 October 2014
The mechanism of Torsin ATPase activation
Authors: Brown Rebecca S. H. , Zhao Chenguang , Chase Anna R. , Wang Jimin , Schlieker Christian 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Torsin activity critically depends on accessory cofactors that activate their ATPase activity by a poorly understood mechanism. This study establishes the mechanistic framework for Torsin activation, which relies on a complementation of the fragmentary Torsin active site. Given these unusual properties and the fact that Torsin activation is dysregulated in the congenital movement disorder primary dystonia, our results suggest that pharmacological manipulation of Torsin activation may present a novel therapeutic opportunity.
Hyperfine excitation of CN by para- and ortho-H2
Authors: Kalugina Yulia , Lique François 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Among the interstellar molecules, the CN radical is of particular interest since it is a good probe of cold dark molecular clouds, and especially prestellar cores. Modelling of CN emission spectra from these dense molecular clouds requires the calculation of rate coefficients for excitation by collisions with the most abundant species. We calculate fine- and hyperfine-structure-resolved excitation rate coefficients of CN(X2Σ+) by para- and ortho-H2. The calculations are based on a new potential energy surface obtained recently from highly correlated ab initio calculations. State-to-state rate coefficients between fine and hyperfine levels of CN were calculated for low temperatures ranging from 5 to 100 K. The new results are compared to available CN rate coefficients. Significant differences are found between the different sets of rate coefficients. This comparison shows that the new CN–H2 rate coefficients have to be used for observations interpretations. We expect that their use will help significantly to have a new insight into the physical conditions of prestellar cores.
Catalytic Subunit Stoichiometry within the Cellulose Synthase Complex
Authors: Gonneau Martine , Desprez Thierry , Guillot Alain , Vernhettes Samantha , Höfte Herman 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Cellulose synthesis is driven by large plasma membrane-inserted protein complexes, which in plants have 6-fold symmetry. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), functional cellulose synthesis complexes (CSCs) are composed of at least three different cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs), but the actual ratio of the CESA isoforms within the CSCs remains unresolved. In this work, the stoichiometry of the CESAs in the primary cell wall CSC was determined, after elimination of CESA redundancy in a mutant background, by coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry using label-free quantitative methods. Based on spectral counting, we show that CESA1, CESA3, and CESA6 are present in a 1:1:1 molecular ratio.
A study of information security awareness in Australian government organisations
Authors: Parsons Kathryn , McCormac Agata , Pattinson Malcolm , Butavicius Marcus , Jerram Cate 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the human-based information security (InfoSec) vulnerabilities in three Australian government organisations.

Design/methodology/approach
– A Web-based survey was developed to test attitudes, knowledge and behaviour across eight policy-based focus areas. It was completed by 203 participants across the three organisations. This was complemented by interviews with senior management from these agencies.

Findings
– Overall, management and employees had reasonable levels of InfoSec awareness. However, weaknesses were identified in the use of wireless technology, the reporting of security incidents and the use of social networking sites. These weaknesses were identified in the survey data of the employees and corroborated in the management interviews.

Research limitations/implications
– As with all such surveys, responses to the questions on attitude and behaviour (but not knowledge) may have been influenced by the social desirability bias. Further research should establish more extensive baseline data for the survey and examine its effectiveness in assessing the impact of training and risk communication interventions.

Originality/value
– A new survey tool is presented and tested which is of interest to academics as well as management and IT systems (security) auditors.
A review of the general pharmacology of ketamine and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia in horses
Authors: Lin H. C. , Passler T. , Wilborn R. R. , Taintor J. S. , Caldwell F. J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryKetamine is the most commonly used injectable anaesthetic in horses. Combinations of ketamine have been used to produce short durations of anaesthesia or as total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) for longer diagnostic or surgical procedures. In recent years, ketamine has been used for pain management due to its effectiveness in producing analgesia at subanaesthetic doses. This paper provides a review of the pharmacological effects of ketamine in general and its clinical use for injectable anaesthesia and pain management in horses.