bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PolypNextLSTM: a lightweight and fast polyp video segmentation network using ConvNext and ConvLSTM
Authors: Bhattacharya Debayan , Reuter Konrad , Behrendt Finn , Maack Lennart , Grube Sarah , Schlaefer Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Commonly employed in polyp segmentation, single-image UNet architectures lack the temporal insight clinicians gain from video data in diagnosing polyps. To mirror clinical practices more faithfully, our proposed solution, PolypNextLSTM, leverages video-based deep learning, harnessing temporal information for superior segmentation performance with least parameter overhead, making it possibly suitable for edge devices.

Methods
PolypNextLSTM employs a UNet-like structure with ConvNext-Tiny as its backbone, strategically omitting the last two layers to reduce parameter overhead. Our temporal fusion module, a Convolutional Long Short Term Memory (ConvLSTM), effectively exploits temporal features. Our primary novelty lies in PolypNextLSTM, which stands out as the leanest in parameters and the fastest model, surpassing the performance of five state-of-the-art image and video-based deep learning models. The evaluation of the SUN-SEG dataset spans easy-to-detect and hard-to-detect polyp scenarios, along with videos containing challenging artefacts like fast motion and occlusion.

Results
Comparison against 5 image-based and 5 video-based models demonstrates PolypNextLSTM’s superiority, achieving a Dice score of 0.7898 on the hard-to-detect polyp test set, surpassing image-based PraNet (0.7519) and video-based PNS+ (0.7486). Notably, our model excels in videos featuring complex artefacts such as ghosting and occlusion.

Conclusion
PolypNextLSTM, integrating pruned ConvNext-Tiny with ConvLSTM for temporal fusion, not only exhibits superior segmentation performance but also maintains the highest frames per speed among evaluated models. Code can be found here: https://github.com/mtec-tuhh/PolypNextLSTM.
Digital Health and Self-Management in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies: A Missed Opportunity?
Authors: Battista Simone , Giardulli Benedetto , Sieiro Santos Cristiana , Aharonov Or , Puttaswamy Darshan , Russell Anne – Marie , Gupta Latika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This paper explored the potential of digital health in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), with a focus on self-management. Digital self-management technology includes tailored treatment plans, symptom tracking, educational resources, enhanced communication, and support for long-term planning.

Recent Findings
After arguing the importance of digital health in IIMs management, from diagnosis until treatment, our literature review revealed a notable gap in research focusing on the efficacy of digital self-management interventions for individuals with IIMs, with no randomised controlled trials or observational studies addressing this topic.

Summary
Our review further highlighted the significant unmet need for research in self-management interventions for individuals with IIMs. The absence of studies underscores the necessity for collaborative efforts to address this gap and develop personalised, effective strategies for managing IIMs using digital technology. Individuals with IIMs deserve tailored self-management approaches akin to those available for other rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases.
Patterns of Heterosexual Sex in Popular Netflix Series: A Content Analysis of Age, Race, Face Attractiveness, and Body Type
Authors: Oschatz Tanja , Döring Nicola , Zimmermanns Christin , Klein Verena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe portrayal of diverse ages, races, face attractiveness, and body types in sexual media content might impact societal perceptions of sexuality, delineating which individuals are deemed sexually appealing and whose sexuality is normalized. Despite extensive research on demographics within pornography, the representation within mainstream media, particularly on streaming platforms like Netflix, remains underexplored. The current study addresses this gap by employing quantitative content analysis to examine the diversity of characters in sexual contexts within seven highly popular Netflix series. We coded the age, race, face attractiveness, and body type of 91 characters (45 female characters) that appeared in mixed-gender sexual encounters (i.e., sexual encounters between a woman and a man). The study reveals a predominant adherence to stereotypical demographics and conventional beauty standards. The sexual scenes presented mostly younger individuals and revealed a notable underrepresentation of individuals aged 40 +. Racial diversity among characters was more evident. Female characters were predominantly depicted as conventionally attractive and were almost exclusively portrayed with skinny body types, while male characters exhibited a wider range of physical appearances. This study highlights a gap in the media’s inclusivity efforts and suggests a need for more comprehensive representation to reflect a broader spectrum of age and beauty ideals in the portrayals of human sexuality. While our study is limited to analyzing media representations, future research should include longitudinal experimental studies to evaluate their impact on people’s sexualities.
It is all about discomfort avoidance: maladaptive daydreaming, frustration intolerance, and coping strategies – a network analysis
Authors: Nowacki Ari , Pyszkowska Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a need to daydream that replaces human interactions and disturbs everyday life. Research suggests that MD can be considered a stress-relief strategy, as a repeating sequence of using imagination may play a significant role in calming oneself down and seeking comfort through escapism and avoidance. The current study explored the relationships between maladaptive daydreaming, coping styles, and frustration intolerance (including discomfort and emotional intolerance) in a general population. The sample was divided into two subgroups: maladaptive daydreamers (MDers) and non-maladaptive daydreamers (non-MDers) based on the cutoff score in the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale-16 (MDS-16). Three hundred seventeen individuals participated in the study, including 142 MDers. The results showed significantly higher levels of frustration intolerance (U = 9952.00, p <.01) and avoidance-focused strategies (U = 10170.00, p <.01) among the MDers. Non-MDers scored significantly higher on the Emotional support-seeking scale (U = 16117.50, p <.001). Additionally, the network analysis proved differences in the variables’ dynamics: only in the MDers network MD exhibited significant edges with avoidant coping (0.05), discomfort intolerance (0.10), entitlement (0.07), and emotional intolerance (0.10). Entitlement was the variable of the highest expected influence in both subgroups studied. The current study proposes clinical implications: as emotional intolerance may serve as an essential factor in maintaining engagement in maladaptive daydreaming, the role of discomfort intolerance and its links to avoidance should be of significant focus in MD therapy.
The genus Hypobathrum (Rubiaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Yooprasert Sawita , Bilsborrow Jordan , Utteridge Timothy M. A. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe genus Hypobathrum in Thailand is revised, based on the morphological characters found in herbarium specimens from Thailand and neighbouring countries including Bangladesh, Myanmar, Cambodia and Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, three species of Hypobathrum are recognised, among them, H. venulosum is a newly recorded species in this region. An identification key is provided for the species, along with descriptions, synonyms, distribution ranges and vernacular names (if available).
Impact of radiative cooling on the energy performance of courtyards in Mediterranean climate
Authors: Domínguez-Torres Carlos-Antonio , Domínguez-Delgado Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRadiative cooling has proven to be a useful tool to address the problems of lack of comfort and excessive energy consumption in situations of high temperatures, overheating and heat waves. Likewise, incorporating courtyards in warm climate zones has been found to be highly beneficial in addressing similar challenges. Hence, there is interest in analyzing the combined effects of both: radiative cooling and courtyards. This paper presents an analysis of the impact of the application of radiative cooling on a courtyard using a comprehensive simulation approach that includes a CFD model for the thermodynamic airflow in the adjacent roofs and inside the courtyard, equations for the transient heat conduction through roofs, walls and courtyard slabs, and a hybrid raytracing-radiosity model for the evaluation of the solar radiation reaching the building surfaces and its reflections, both of specular and diffuse origin, and for the calculation of the thermal radiation exchange, especially with the sky. The results show that in the hot season, the courtyard with radiative cooling always provides lower temperatures than the initial courtyard does, with a temperature range of 18.33 °C to 33.78 °C, compared to a range of 19.32 °C to 38.00 °C in the initial courtyard, and producing a greater difference with outdoor temperatures that can reach 12 °C versus 8 °C for the reference case. In addition, it was found that the courtyard with radiative cooling is able to significantly reduce the observed nighttime overheating by providing lower temperatures than the outdoor temperatures in the 50% of the nights studied. It was also found that the thermal loads to achieve indoor thermal comfort in the spaces adjacent to the courtyard were reduced by 63.46% to 69.85%.
Potential anatomical triggers for plan adaptation of cervical cancer external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Brown Rhianna , Holloway Lois , Lau Annie , Lim Karen , Moodaley Pereshin , Metcalfe Peter , Do Viet , Cutajar Dean , Walker Amy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to identify potential anatomical variation triggers using magnetic resonance imaging for plan adaption of cervical cancer patients to ensure dose requirements were met over an external beam radiotherapy course. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) acquired before and during treatment were rigidly registered to a pre-treatment computerised tomography (CT) image for 11 retrospective cervix cancer datasets. Target volumes (TVs) and organs at risk (OARs) were delineated on both MRIs and propagated onto the CT. Treatment plans were generated based on the pre-treatment contours and applied to the mid-treatment contours. Anatomical and dosimetric changes between each timepoint were assessed. The anatomical changes included the change in centroid position and volume size. Dosimetric changes included the V30Gy and V40Gy for the OARs, and V95%, V100%, D95% and D98% for the TVs. Correlation with dosimetric and anatomical changes were assessed to determine potential replan triggers. Changes in the bowel volume and position in the superior-inferior direction, and the high-risk CTV anterior posterior position were highly correlated with a change in dose to the bowel and target, respectively. Hence changes in bowel and high-risk CTV could be used as a potential replan triggers.
Microstructural Characterization of Eutectics using Digital Image Analysis
Authors: Bortnyik Kornél , Gyöngyösi Szilvia , Barkóczy Péter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetallic eutectics play an important role in casting technology and properties. For this reason, the study of eutectics microstructure is indispensable in the casting qualification. Eutectics have many similar characteristics, including the morphology, size and spatial arrangement of eutectic phases. This makes it possible to develop a method of general use based on analyzing eutectic microscopy images. The method presented in this article performs a posteriori background correction for OM images. The shape and size of phases are determined using cellular automata and machine learning. Another cellular automaton and cluster analysis characterizes the spatial arrangement of eutectic phases. It can also be used to determine the distance between objects both locally and within a given object group. The algorithm is suitable for exploring and examining the spatial clustering of objects. The methods can be included in an algorithm, so a detailed examination of the eutectic microstructure can be carried out. The method was tested on micrographs of Al-Cu, Al-Ni, Al-Si and cast irons.
Selective CO2 Electroreduction to Multi-Carbon Products on Organic-Functionalized CuO Nanoparticles by Local Micro-Environment Modulation
Authors: Ren Shan , Cao Xi , Fan Qikui , Yang Zhimao , Wang Fei , Wang Xin , Bai Licheng , Yang Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSurface functionalization of Cu-based catalysts has demonstrated promising potential for enhancing the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) toward multi-carbon (C2+) products, primarily by suppressing the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction and facilitating a localized CO2/CO concentration at the electrode. Building upon this approach, we developed surface-functionalized catalysts with exceptional activity and selectivity for electrocatalytic CO2RR to C2+ in a neutral electrolyte. Employing CuO nanoparticles coated with hexaethynylbenzene organic molecules (HEB-CuO NPs), a remarkable C2+ Faradaic efficiency of nearly 90% was achieved at an unprecedented current density of 300 mA cm−2, and a high FE (> 80%) was maintained at a wide range of current densities (100–600 mA cm−2) in neutral environments using a flow cell. Furthermore, in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzer, 86.14% FEC2+ was achieved at a partial current density of 387.6 mA cm−2 while maintaining continuous operation for over 50 h at a current density of 200 mA cm−2. In-situ spectroscopy studies and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that reducing the coverage of coordinated K⋅H2O water increased the probability of intermediate reactants (CO) interacting with the surface, thereby promoting efficient C–C coupling and enhancing the yield of C2+ products. This advancement offers significant potential for optimizing local micro-environments for sustainable and highly efficient C2+ production.
The Associations between Anti-Bullying Interventions and Bullying and Cyberbullying Rates in Albanian Schools
Authors: Ismaili Emanuela , Rama Rudina , Strohmeier Dagmar , Yanagida Takuya , Gradinger Petra , Dragoti Edmond 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo tackle school bullying, teachers can implement school, class, parent, or individual level activities. Applying a socio-ecological model of development, the present study (1) investigates which prevention and intervention activities are implemented in Albanian schools according to teacher perspectives, and (2) examines how these teacher-reported activities are associated with bullying and cyberbullying rates reported both by teachers and students. Representative data in schools all over Albania were collected via a stratified sampling procedure to select schools and a random sample method to select teachers and students. In total, 144 schools serving grades 4 to 12 and 3560 teachers (81% female) and 2377 students (54% girls) participated. The teachers indicated which school, class, parent, or individual level activities have been implemented in their school by answering a 14-item self-report. Both teachers and students reported the bullying and cyberbullying rates in their schools by answering an Olweus-type questionnaire. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel structural equation modeling on school level was applied to answer the research questions. Remarkably, the teacher and student perspectives regarding bullying and cyberbullying rates were not significantly correlated. Higher bullying and cyberbullying rates reported by teachers were significantly associated with higher levels of individual level activities, but with lower levels of class level activities. There were no associations between teacher reported intervention strategies and student reported bullying and cyberbullying rates. The study has major implications for the anti-bullying work in Albanian schools.
»Relationships are Key« A Semantic Relationship Awareness Framework for Operational Technology Monitoring
Authors: Schwinger W. , Kapsammer E. , Retschitzegger W. , Pröll B. , Graf D. , Baumgartner N. , Plöckinger V. , Schönböck J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCritical infrastructures in areas like road traffic management naturally rely on the broad use of"Operational Technology (OT)"to ensure efficient and saferoad traffic monitoring (RTM)through"OT objects", like sensors and actuators, whereby monitoring OT itself("OTM")is evenly crucial. OTM is highly challenging, not least due tomassive heterogeneity of OT, immense complexity and size, andomnipresence of evolution. As a consequence, knowledge aboutinterdependencies between OT objectsin form ofsemantic relationshipsis often outdated or simply not available. Thus, in case of incidents, detection of cause and effect in the sense of asituational picture of OTis missing. In order to counteract this fundamental deficiency, we aim toautomatically discover semantic relationships between OT objects, to build up anontological knowledge baseas prerequisite for achievingOT situation awareness. Thereby, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, a systematic exploration of the induced challenges is provided, derived from anin-depth analysis of real-world OT message logsin the area of RTM. Based on that, we sketch out a research roadmap, thereby guiding the identification of existing concepts and technologies appearing to be useful for realizing aframework for semantic relationship awareness, being the crucial pre-step for achieving OT situation awareness. Finally, a firstproof-of-concept prototypeis put forward, complemented by an evaluation of its applicability and a detailed comparison to related approaches.
Bringing practical statistical science to AI and predictive model fairness testing
Authors: Lo Victor S. Y. , Datta Sayan , Salami Youssouf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Statistical Modeling and Predictive Analytics have been widely used in various industries for a long time. More recently, AI Model Governance including AI Ethics has received significant attention from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies. To minimize potential unjustified treatment disfavoring individuals based on demographics, an increasingly critical task is to assess group fairness through some established metrics. Many commercial and open-source tools are now available to support the computations of these fairness metrics. However, this area is largely based on rules, e.g., metrics within a prespecified range would be considered satisfactory. These metrics are statistical estimates and are often based on limited sample data and therefore subject to sampling variability. For instance, if a fairness criterion is barely met or missed, it is often uncertain if it should be a “pass” or “failure,” if the sample size is not large. This is where statistical science can help. Specifically, statistical hypothesis testing enables us to determine whether the sample data can support a particular hypothesis (e.g., falling within an acceptable range) or the observations may have happened by chance. Drawing upon the bioequivalence literature from medicine and advanced hypothesis testing in statistics, we propose a practical statistical significance testing method to enhance the current rule-based process for model fairness testing and its associated power calculation, followed by an illustration with a realistic example.
Symmetries and Separation of Variables
Authors: Rosenhaus V. , Shankar Ravi , Squellati Cody 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we look at the method of separation of variables of a PDE from its symmetry transformation point of view. Specifically, we discuss the relation between the existence of additively and multiplicatively separated variables of a PDE, and the form of its symmetry operators. We show that solutions in the form of separated variables are in fact, invariant solutions, i.e. solutions invariant under some subalgebra of the symmetry operators of the equation. For the case of two independent variables, we obtain the form of Lie point symmetry operators corresponding to additively and multiplicatively separated solutions, and generalize our results for the case when separated variables are any functions of independent variables. We also discuss the role of contact symmetry transformations and differential invariants for the existence of separated solutions, and outline the role of variational symmetries, as well as conditional (non-classical) symmetry operators. We demonstrate that the symmetry approach is a valuable tool for obtaining information regarding existence of solutions with separated variables.
Group-theoretical study of band nodes and the emanating nodal structures in crystalline materials
Authors: Tang Feng , Wan Xiangang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTopological materials usually possess protected gapless states in either the boundary or bulk, exhibiting various properties such as spin-momentum locking, Klein tunneling, Fermi arcs and so on. Database searches using symmetry data at high-symmetry points have catalogued thousands of topological materials revealing a magnitude of band nodes (BNs) at high-symmetry points or lying within high-symmetry lines/planes. A complete mapping from symmetry data (namely, representation of little group) in any BN to the $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model characterizing low-energy Hamiltonian around the BN (and from the $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model to concrete BN, inversely), is expected to complete the characterization of all BNs and gapless states. Here we first review recent progress on classifying BNs by systematically and automatically constructing $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
models based on recently completed tabulation of all irreducible (co-)representation matrices of little groups of the 1651 magnetic space groups. As one indispensable input in constructing a symmetry-allowed and generic $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model, the expansion order, has been carefully and systematically truncated for any BN to a reasonable nonzero integer, by comparing the emanating nodal structure (ENS, including nodal point, nodal line and nodal surface) near the BN obtained by the explicitly constructed $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model and that by pure symmetry analysis using compatibility relations (CRs). Owing to the progress, we are able to summarize all 25 different configurations of ENS near BN required by CRs, provide a complete mapping from $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model to its realization around BN, and the corresponding ENS by CRs in an accessible file, and also reveal the protection mechanism of additional nodal lines that escape conventional analysis by CRs and is only predictable by constructing $k\cdot p$
k
⋅
p
model. The symmetry-based classification results on all BNs could facilitate large-scale materials prediction and hold promise for realizing topological semimetals suitable for device applications.