bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of cancer in the rectal remnant after ileorectal anastomosis in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis: Single center experience
Authors: Maehata Yuji , Esaki Motohiro , Nakamura Shotaro , Hirahashi Minako , Ueki Takashi , Iida Mitsuo , Kitazono Takanari , Matsumoto Takayuki 
Published: December 2014

Background and AimWe aimed to evaluate the long‐term risk of cancer in the rectal remnant in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis after ileorectal anastomosis.MethodsCumulative incidence and clinicopathological characteristics of cancer in the rectal remnant were retrospectively investigated in 27 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who had undergone ileorectal anastomosis.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period ranging from 3.0 to 35.0 years (median, 21.1 years), cancer in the rectal remnant developed in 10 patients. Cumulative risk of cancer in the rectal remnant 30 years after surgery was 57%. Five patients had metastases and three patients died of cancer in the rectal remnant after proctectomy. There was a trend towards a higher incidence of cancer in the rectal remnant in patients with small‐intestinal adenoma and congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium. Multivariate analysis revealed that the ocular lesion was an independent risk factor associated with cancer in the rectal remnant.ConclusionSubtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis does not seem to be an appropriate prophylactic surgery in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Association of dietary fat intake with the risk of hip fractures in an elderly Chinese population: A matched case–control study
Authors: Zeng Fang‐fang , Xie Hai‐li , Fan Fan , Xue Wen‐qiong , Wu Bao‐hua , Zhu Hui‐lian , Chen Yu‐ming 
Published: December 2014

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the association between dietary fat intake and the risk of hip fractures in an elderly Chinese population.MethodsA case–control study of 646 patients with newly diagnosed hip fractures and 646 controls, matched by age (±3 years) and sex, was carried out among elderly Chinese (55–80 years) in Guangdong, China. Their dietary fat intake was measured and calculated using a 79‐item food‐frequency questionnaire.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, a dose‐dependent increased risk of hip fractures was found to be associated with higher intakes of total fat, animal fat, saturated fatty acids and mono‐unsaturated fatty acids (P for trend < 0.005). The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hip fractures from a comparison of extreme quartiles were 1.92 (1.26–2.92) for total fat, 2.60 (1.70–3.99) for animal fat, 1.95 (1.30–2.93) for saturated fatty acids and 2.22 (1.46–3.39) for animal mono‐unsaturated fatty acids, respectively. No significant association was observed for plant fat or polyunsaturated fatty acids (P for trend = 0.063 for plant fat and 0.174 for polyunsaturated fatty acids).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that higher consumption of total fat and animal fat rich in saturated fatty acids might increase the risk of hip fractures in elderly Chinese. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1171–1178.
Association between waist circumference and self‐reported disability among Chinese adults aged 90 years and older
Authors: Yang Ming , Jiang Jiaojiao , Li Hui , Wu Hongmei , Dong Birong 
Published: December 2014

AimTo investigate the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and activities of daily living (ADL)/instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability among nonagenarians and centenarians.MethodsWe analyzed data obtained from a cross‐sectional study carried out in 870 older Chinese adults aged 90 years and older in Dujiangyan, a town in West China. The participants were divided into four groups according to their sex and WC quartile. The ADL and IADL disabilities were measured using the physical self‐maintenance scale and Lawton and Brody's IADL scale, respectively.ResultsWe included 233 men and 505 women in this statistical analysis. The prevalence of ADL or IADL disability was 53.6% in men and 71.3% in women. Participants in the highest WC quartile group (WC ≥83.0 cm for men or WC ≥82.0 cm for women) had higher prevalence of ADL or IADL disability compared with those in the lowest WC quartile group (WC <73.0 cm for men or WC <70.5 cm for women). Adjusting for relevant confounders, the highest quartile group showed significantly increased odds ratios for either ADL (1.7 for men and 2.1 for women) or IADL disability (odds ratios 3.3 for men and 2.0 for women) compared with the lowest quartile group.ConclusionAmong Chinese older adults aged 90 years and older, both men and women in the highest quartile of WC were at higher risk of ADL or IADL disability compared with those in the lowest quartile of WC. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 1249–1257.
Research in haemophilia B – approaching the request for high evidence levels in a rare disease
Authors: Berger K. , Schopohl D. , Hilger A. , Behr Gross M. –E. , Giangrande P. , Peyvandi F. , Seitz R. , Schramm W. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPayers in European countries request studies with high levels of evidence for decision making also for rare diseases like haemophilia B (HB). The objective of the study was to determine the status quo of current studies in HB regarding the overall level of evidence generated. The methods used for performing the study were systematic literature research in EMBASE and MEDLINE, search terms ‘HB’ and ‘factor IX’ (FIX). The inclusion criteria were journal articles (JA), conference abstracts (CA), English language, published between January 2009 and March 2013, studies only; screening of titles, abstracts, full texts subsequently. ClinicalTrials.gov search: unpublished registered trials (RT) concerning HB or FIX. The analysis was performed on research topic, sponsor, recruitment status and study design. Screening of 1639 hits yielded 31 JA describing 35 studies, and 62 CA. FIX was subject of 21 studies (60.0%) and 29 CA (46.8%). Seven studies focused on various aspects of HB, six on haemophilia studies with separate HB data. Screening of 173 hits from ClinicalTrials.gov yielded 42 RT. Overall, 32 RT (76.2%) related to FIX. Measurement of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) was identified in none of these studies, four CA (6.5%), four RT (9.5%). Randomized study design was found in one study (2.9%), four RT (9.5%). Three studies (8.6%) and seven RT (16.7%) were prospective, observational and comparative. The majority of published clinical studies do not meet payers’ expectations for evidence. Therefore, clinical investigation concepts addressing randomization, outcomes research including HRQoL and comparison of therapy options should be discussed. Refined statistical methods and exploitation of complementary real‐life data sources may fill current evidence gaps concerning rare diseases.
Reverse Sequential Therapy Achieves a Similar Eradication Rate as Standard Sequential Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tsay Feng‐Woei , Wu Deng‐Chyang , Kao Sung‐Shuo , Tsai Tzung‐Jium , Lai Kwok‐Hung , Cheng Jin‐Shiung , Chan Hoi‐Hung , Wang Huay‐Min , Tsai Wei‐Lun , Tseng Hui‐Hwa , Peng Nan‐Jin , Hsu Ping‐I 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsSequential therapy is a two‐step therapy achieving a promising eradication rate for Helicobacter pylori infection. The rationale of sequential method has been proposed that amoxicillin weakens bacterial cell walls in the initial phase of treatment, preventing the development of drug efflux channels for clarithromycin and metronidazole used in the second phase. The aim of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to investigate whether the efficacy of reverse sequential therapy was noninferior to sequential therapy in the treatment of H. pylori infection.MethodsFrom January 2009 to December 2010, consecutive H. pylori‐infected patients were randomly assigned to receive either sequential therapy (a 5‐day dual therapy with pantoprazole plus amoxicillin, followed by a 5‐day triple therapy with pantoprazole plus clarithromycin and metronidazole) or reverse sequential therapy (a 5‐day triple therapy with pantoprazole plus clarithromycin and metronidazole, followed by a 5‐day dual therapy with pantoprazole plus amoxicillin). H. pylori status was examined 6 weeks after the end of treatment by rapid urease and histology or urea breath test.ResultsOne hundred and twenty‐two H. pylori‐infected participants were randomized to receive sequential (n = 60) or reverse sequential therapy (n = 62). The eradication rates, by intention‐to‐treat analysis, were similar: 91.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 85.1–98.7%) for sequential therapy and 96.7% (95% CI: 92.2–101.2%) for reverse sequential therapy (p = .44). Per‐protocol analysis also showed similar results: 91.8% (95% CI: 84.9–98.7%) for sequential group and 96.7% (95% CI: 92.2–101.2%) for reverse sequential therapy (p = .43). The two treatments exhibited comparable frequencies of adverse events (11.3% vs 6.7%, respectively) and drug compliance (98.4% vs 100%, respectively). The overall resistance rates of antibiotics were clarithromycin 10.5%, amoxicillin 0%, and metronidazole 44.2% of patients, respectively. The dual resistance rate of clarithromycin and metronidazole was 4.2%. Both therapies achieved a high eradication rate for clarithromycin‐resistant strains (100% vs 100%, respectively) and metronidazole‐resistant strains (81.8% vs 95%, respectively) by intention‐to‐treat analysis.ConclusionsTen‐day reverse sequential therapy and standard sequential therapy are equally effective for H. Pylori eradication. The finding indicates that the sequence of antibiotics administered in sequential therapy does not influence the efficacy of the treatment.
2. ON ISLAMIC TIME: RETHINKING CHRONOLOGY IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF MUSLIM SOCIETIES
Authors: BASHIR SHAHZAD 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the academic representation of Islamic history as a single timeline, which was established in the nineteenth century and continues to predominate to the present, is a primary issue restricting fruitful readings of Islamic historical materials. Utilizing insights in thinking about history that favor multiple temporalities, I suggest that scholars in Islamic studies can expand the possibilities of their work by paying attention to the diversity of ways in which time is conceptualized within original materials. As illustrations for the rethinking I advocate, I provide readings of the structures and literary affects of three Persian works in different genres, produced circa 1490–1540 ce. I suggest that a foundational reorientation in the field of Islamic historiography has the potential to help us break out of binds identified in the critique of orientalism provided by Edward Said and others and would lead to better ways to approach developments in Muslim societies.
Anion efflux from cytotrophoblast cells derived from normal term human placenta is stimulated by hyposmotic challenge and extracellular A23187 but not by membrane‐soluble cAMP
Authors: Turner M. A. , Sides M. K. , Sibley C. P. , Greenwood S. L. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThe regulation of placental anion transport influences fetal accretion and placental homeostasis. We investigated whether efflux of 125I− or 36Cl− from multinucleated cytotrophoblast cells derived from human term placenta is regulated by one of three stimuli: (a) the calcium ionophore A23187, (b) a ‘cocktail’ of agents designed to raise intracellular levels of cAMP, (c) a hyposmotic solution. After loading with the appropriate isotope for 2 h and thorough washing, cells were exposed to sequential aliquots of buffer applied and removed each minute. Following an equilibration period of 5 min one of the stimuli was applied at room temperature At the end of the experiment the cells were lysed to give a lysate count which was used to express the count obtained from each aliquot as percentage efflux of that possible for that minute. The cAMP ‘cocktail’ and A23187 were applied for 5 min; the hyposmotic solution was applied for 10 min. The results for 125I− at 7 min showed that the mean efflux in the presence of hyposmotic shock was greater than control (5.7 ± 1.0% min−1 versus 2.2 ±0.1 % min−1, respectively; mean ± S.E.M., n = 4 placentas). Similarly mean efflux at 6 min in the presence of A23187 was also significantly greater than control (6.5 ±1.9 % min−1 versus 2.6 ± 1.0 % min−1, respectively, n = 3 placentas). The mean efflux in the presence of the cAMP cocktail was not different from control at any time point. The results were qualitatively the same if 38Cl− was used in the place of 125I− and when the experiment was performed with 36Cl− in a HCO3− buffer gassed with CO2. Mean 125I− efflux at 6 min in response to hyposmotic challenge was 33 % less (P < 0.01) in the presence of 1 mM 4,4′‐diisothiocyanatostilbene‐2,2′‐disulphonic acid (DIDS) and 37% less (P <0.005) in the presence of 10 μm tamoxifen but no different if the hyposmotic solution was nominally calcium free. We conclude that there are differential effects of second messengers on anion efflux from the differentiated cytotrophoblast cells.
The impact of remittances from Canada's seasonal workers programme on Mexican farms
Authors: CARVAJAL GUTIÉRREZ Lidia , JOHNSON Thomas G. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBased on a survey of participants in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, the authors’ three‐stage least squares estimation of a simultaneous equation model finds that migrants’ remittances enhance on‐farm investments in Mexico, which, in turn, increase farm income. Remittances are also found to have a positive influence on non‐farm income in Mexico, by giving respondents the possibility of starting a new business and diversifying their investments. These results support the hypothesis underlying the “new economics of labour migration” that remittances contribute to economic development by relaxing the credit constraint on the investment function of family farms.
A conceptual framework for evaluating the conceptualization, implementation and performance of transitional care programmes
Authors: Wee Shiou‐Liang , Vrijhoef Hubertus J. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeveloped health systems want to avoid unnecessary hospital admissions by addressing the needs of chronically ill older adults throughout acute episodes of illness. Transitional care (TC) is a set of actions designed to ensure the coordination and continuity of health care as patients transfer between different locations or different levels of care within the same location, of which the main outcome of interest is avoiding hospital readmission. Implementation of TC is complex because it entails different actions to put multiple care components into practice, with various degrees of flexibility of adapting the intervention. Furthermore, the outcome involves behaviour change required by those delivering or receiving the intervention. Although there are examples of promising interventions, the possible variations in conceptualization and implementation present a real challenge for the adaptation of efficacious TC interventions from trial to ‘real‐world’ settings. There is a lack of a theoretical basis or explicit logic model for why adapted interventions should work. This study provides conceptual approaches for the implementation and evaluation of TC programmes. It describes a framework of (1) conceptualization – with respect to the components in an intervention and the population of interest; (2) manner and context of implementation; and (3) evaluation – how these processes of implementation impact health outcomes.
Views of pharmacy graduates and pharmacist tutors on evidence‐based practice in relation to over‐the‐counter consultations: a qualitative study
Authors: McKee Peter , Hughes Carmel , Hanna Lezley‐Anne 
Published: December 2014

Rationale, aims and objectivesHealth care services offered to the public should be based on the best available evidence. We aimed to explore pharmacy tutors' and trainees' views on the importance of evidence when making decisions about over‐the‐counter (OTC) medicines and also to investigate whether the tutor influenced the trainee in practice.MethodsFollowing ethical approval and piloting, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with pharmacy graduates (trainees) and pharmacist tutors. Transcribed interview data were entered into the NVivo software package (version 10), coded and analysed via thematic analysis.ResultsTwelve trainees (five males, seven females) and 11 tutors (five males, six females) participated. Main themes that emerged were (in)consistency and contradiction, confidence, acculturation, and continuation and perpetuation. Despite having an awareness of the importance and potential benefits, an evidence‐based approach did not seem to be routinely or consistently implemented in practice. Confidence in products was largely derived from personal use and patient feedback. A lack of discussion about evidence was justified on the basis of not wanting to lessen patient confidence in requested product(s) or possibly negating the placebo effect. Trainees became acculturated to ‘real‐life’ practice; university teaching and evidence was deemed less relevant than meeting customer expectations. The tutor's actions were mirrored by their trainee resulting in continuation and perpetuation of the same professional attitudes and behaviours.ConclusionsEvidence appeared to have limited influence on OTC decision making. The tutor played a key role in the trainee's professional development. More work could be performed to investigate how evidence can be regarded as relevant and something that is consistently implemented in practice.
Complement regulators in human disease: lessons from modern genetics
Authors: Liszewski M. K. , Atkinson J. P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFirst identified in human serum in the late 19th century as a ‘complement’ to antibodies in mediating bacterial lysis, the complement system emerged more than a billion years ago probably as the first humoral immune system. The contemporary complement system consists of nearly 60 proteins in three activation pathways (classical, alternative and lectin) and a terminal cytolytic pathway common to all. Modern molecular biology and genetics have not only led to further elucidation of the structure of complement system components, but have also revealed function‐altering rare variants and common polymorphisms, particularly in regulators of the alternative pathway, that predispose to human disease by creating ‘hyperinflammatory complement phenotypes’. To treat these ‘complementopathies’, a monoclonal antibody against the initiator of the membrane attack complex, C5, has received approval for use. Additional therapeutic reagents are on the horizon.
Quality of life in mothers of preschoolers with high‐functioning pervasive developmental disorders
Authors: Suzumura Shunsuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) are likely to experience serious distress. The aims of this study were to (i) assess distress among mothers of preschoolers with high‐functioning PDD (HFPDD); and (ii) examine its relation to the child's behavioral characteristics.MethodsParticipants were 30 mothers of preschoolers with HFPDD, and 30 mothers of a matched control group. Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire (version 2), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used for assessment. The children's autistic traits were assessed using the total number of items for the DSM‐IV‐TR autistic disorder diagnosis.ResultsMothers in the HFPDD group were more distressed mentally than physically. Neither physical nor mental distress in the group was related to the child's autistic traits, while their mental distress was significantly related to the child's behavior problems.ConclusionsMothers in the HFPDD group were at increased risk of impaired mental wellbeing. Maternal mental distress in the group was significantly related to general behavior problems, but not to autistic traits in the child.
4q27 as a psoriasis susceptibility locus in the Northeastern Chinese Han population
Authors: Zhou J. , Wang L. , Wang F. , Xu P. , Li Y. , Bai B. , Dang L. , Sun D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPsoriasis is an autoimmune inflammatory skin disease with genetic components. Chromosome 4q27 is related to many autoimmune diseases, however, the relationship between psoriasis and 4q27 has not been fully established yet. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between chromosome 4q27 and psoriasis in the Northeastern Chinese Han population. Four common single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2069762, rs4833837, rs6840978, and rs7684187) from chromosome 4q27 were genotyped in 400 psoriasis cases and 398 controls from the Northeastern Chinese Han population using the Multiplex SNaPSHOT method. Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype frequencies were analyzed using spss 13.0. Our data indicated that rs2069762 GG, TG genotypes [GG: odds ratio (OR) = 2.6875, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5948–4.5290, P < 0.0001; TG: OR = 1.6159, 95% CI = 1.2044–2.1681, P = 0.0013], and H3 haplotype (OR = 1.717, 95% CI = 1.050–2.808, P = 0.030) increased the risk of psoriasis. Furthermore, rs4833837 GG, GA genotypes (GG: OR = 0.2071, 95% CI = 0.0685–0.6266, P = 0.0022; GA: OR = 0.4711, 95% CI = 0.3289–0.6746, P < 0.0001), and H5 haplotype (OR = 0.482, 95% CI = 0.238–0.978, P = 0.039) were identified as protective factors for psoriasis. 4q27 polymorphisms are associated with psoriasis in the Northeastern Chinese Han population.
NOx Sensor Ammonia-Cross-Sensitivity Factor Estimation in Diesel Engine Selective Catalytic Reduction Systems
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Junmin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Since the NOx sensor is cross-sensitive to gaseous ammonia, the reading of NOx sensor may not be accurate when the gaseous ammonia is involved and it is a combination of the actual NOx concentration plus the ammonia concentration multiplied by a factor. The factor is named as NOx sensor cross-sensitivity factor. As the reading is inaccurate, this cross-sensitivity phenomenon restricts the application of NOx sensor in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. A practical and economic approach is to design an observer to estimate the cross-sensitivity factor and correct the NOx sensor reading. In this work, the NOx sensor ammonia-cross-sensitivity factor observer design problem for diesel engine SCR systems is investigated. To achieve the objective, first, a three-state nonlinear model for the SCR system is adopted. To establish the model of the ammonia cross-sensitivity factor, it is assumed that the qth-order derivative of the factor is zero. Then, based on the nonlinear model, a proportional-multiple-integral (PMI) observer of the factor is proposed and a nonlinear estimation error system is obtained. With the linear-parameter-varying (LPV) technique, the stability, and the H∞ performance of the nonlinear estimation error system are investigated. Based on the analysis results, the design methods of the stable and the H∞ observer gains are developed. At the end, simulations and comparisons via an experimentally validated full vehicle simulator are carried out to illustrate the efficacy and the advantages of the proposed approach over the existing methods. Since the effect of disturbance to the estimation is considered and constrained in the H∞ observer, the designed H∞ observer has a better estimation performance when the system is subject to disturbance.