bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two redundant octanoyltransferases and one obligatory lipoyl synthase provide protein‐lipoylation autonomy to plastids of Arabidopsis
Authors: Ewald R. , Hoffmann C. , Neuhaus E. , Bauwe H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOctanoyltransferases (LIP2) are important for the lipoylation of several α‐ketoacid decarboxylases and glycine decarboxylase, all of which are essential multienzyme complexes of central metabolism, by attaching de novo‐synthesised octanoyl moieties to the respective target subunits. Lipoyl synthase (LIP1) then inserts two sulphur atoms each into the protein‐bound octanoyl chains to generate the functional lipoamide arms. In plants, most of the above multienzyme complexes occur only in mitochondria. Pyruvate dehydrogenase is an exception, since it also occurs in plastids. Plastidial LIP1 and LIP2 are known, but it is not clear how essential these enzymes are. Here, we report that not just one but two redundant LIP2 isoforms, LIP2p and LIP2p2, operate in plastids of Arabidopsis. The combined deletion of the two isoenzymes is embryo‐lethal. Deletion of the plastidial lipoyl synthase LIP1p is also embryo‐lethal, indicating that all plastidial LIP1 activity is due to LIP1p. These features suggest that protein lipoylation is based on an autonomous and partially redundant de novo lipoylation pathway in plastids.
Refugees' Employment Integration in Sweden: Cultural Distance and Labor Market Performance
Authors: Lundborg Per 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper is the first to specifically focus on the integration of refugee immigrants into the Swedish labor market. Using highly detailed register data on blue collar workers it is shown that refugees' employment lags that of natives basically for their whole life time in Sweden. Time in Sweden reduces drastically the unemployment days, though from very high initial levels. Refugees from culturally distant Iran/Iraq and Horn of Africa experience considerably more days in unemployment than refugees from the less distant Eastern Europe and Latin America. The differences are large during the first 20 years in Sweden but some convergence occurs thereafter. Following a business cycle upturn this paper finds that the reduction of refugees' unemployment is half of that of natives'. Since refugees arrive at different ages, high numbers of unemployment days are recorded also for relatively old refugees with the highest number for those above 30.
What Drives Individual Attitudes towards Immigration in South Africa?
Authors: Facchini Giovanni , Mayda Anna Maria , Mendola Mariapia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates the determinants of individual attitudes towards immigration in South Africa using the 1996, 2001 and 2007 rounds of the World Values Survey, looking at the role played by both economic and non‐economic drivers. Our findings suggest that economic characteristics that work through the labor marketare not likely to explain the observed variation in individual preferences. We find instead some evidence for the role played by non‐economic drivers, in particular by the ethnic background of the respondent and his/her religious affiliation. Our analysis thus highlights the importance of cultural factors for the design of migration policy in South Africa.
Population Aging and Individual Attitudes toward Immigration: Disentangling Age, Cohort and Time Effects
Authors: Calahorrano Lena 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the face of rising old‐age dependency ratios in industrialized countries such as Germany, politicians and their electorates are discussing the loosening of immigration policies as one policy option to ensure the sustainability of public social security systems. The question arises whether this policy option is feasible in aging countries. Are their electorates becoming more favorable to immigration? The attitudes of the people living in the recipient locations are a key issue in the study of migration and culture. This paper uses the 1999–2010 waves of the German Socio‐Economic Panel to disentangle the effects of age, birth cohort and time on concerns about immigration. Older birth cohorts are found to be more concerned than younger ones whereas concerns are found to decrease over the life cycle. Both findings suggest scope for the loosening of immigration constraints.
A woman with a painful eruption following liver transplantation
Authors: Wooten D. , Feramisco J.D. , Mully T.W. , Fox L.P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA 29‐year‐old woman with hepatitis C presented 2 years after an orthotopic liver transplant with several weeks of fevers, abdominal pain, nausea, and a painful ulcerated nodular eruption on her abdomen and lower extremities. The patient was evaluated, and her case is presented and the differential discussed.
An Arabidopsis homolog of importin β1 is required for ABA response and drought tolerance
Authors: Luo Yanjie , Wang Zhijuan , Ji Hongtao , Fang Hui , Wang Shuangfeng , Tian Lining , Li Xia 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe import of proteins into the nucleus in response to drought is critical for mediating the reprogramming of gene expression that leads to drought tolerance. However, regulatory mechanisms involved in nuclear protein import remain largely unknown. Here, we have identified an Arabidopsis gene (AtKPNB1) as a homolog of human KPNB1 (importin β1). AtKPNB1 was expressed in multiple organs, and the protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. AtKPNB1 was able to facilitate nuclear import of a model protein. Null mutation of AtKPNB1 delayed development under normal growth conditions and increased sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination and cotyledon development. Inactivation of AtKPNB1 increased stomatal closure in response to ABA, reduced the rate of water loss, and substantially enhanced drought tolerance. AtKPNB1 interacted with several importin α proteins, nucleoporin AtNUP62, and the Arabidopsis Ran proteins. Inactivation of AtKPNB1 did not affect the ABA responsiveness or the expression level or subcellular localization of ABI1, ABI2 or ABI5, key regulators of the ABA signaling pathway. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of epistasis revealed that AtKPNB1 modulates the ABA response and drought tolerance through a pathway that is independent of ABI1 and ABI5. Collectively, our results show that AtKPNB1 is an Arabidopsis importin β that functions in ABA signaling.
Very‐short‐term perioperative intravenous iron administration and postoperative outcome in major orthopedic surgery: a pooled analysis of observational data from 2547 patients
Authors: Muñoz Manuel , Gómez‐Ramírez Susana , Cuenca Jorge , García‐Erce José Antonio , Iglesias‐Aparicio Daniel , Haman‐Alcober Sami , Ariza Daniel , Naveira Enrique 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPostoperative nosocomial infection (PNI) is a severe complication in surgical patients. Known risk factors of PNI such as allogeneic blood transfusions (ABTs), anemia, and iron deficiency are manageable with perioperative intravenous (IV) iron therapy. To address potential concerns about IV iron and the risk of PNI, we studied a large series of orthopedic surgical patients for possible relations between IV iron, ABT, and PNI.Study Design and MethodsPooled data on ABT, PNI, 30‐day mortality, and length of hospital stay (LHS) from 2547 patients undergoing elective lower‐limb arthroplasty (n = 1186) or hip fracture repair (n = 1361) were compared between patients who received either very‐short‐term perioperative IV iron (200‐600 mg; n = 1538), with or without recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO; 40,000 IU), or standard treatment (n = 1009).ResultsCompared to standard therapy, perioperative IV iron reduced rates of ABT (32.4% vs. 48.8%; p = 0.001), PNI (10.7% vs. 26.9%; p = 0.001), and 30‐day mortality (4.8% vs. 9.4%; p = 0.003) and the LHS (11.9 days vs. 13.4 days; p = 0.001) in hip fracture patients. These benefits were observed in both transfused and nontransfused patients. Also in elective arthroplasty, IV iron reduced ABT rates (8.9% vs. 30.1%; p = 0.001) and LHS (8.4 days vs.10.7 days; p = 0.001), without differences in PNI rates (2.8% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.417), and there was no 30‐day mortality.ConclusionDespite known limitations of pooled observational analyses, these results suggest that very‐short‐term perioperative administration of IV iron, with or without rHuEPO, in major lower limb orthopedic procedures is associated with reduced ABT rates and LHS, without increasing postoperative morbidity or mortality.
Influence of Convective Momentum Transport on Mixed Rossby–Gravity Waves: A Contribution to Tropical 2-Day Waves
Authors: Zhou Lei , Kang In-Sik 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Influences of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical waves are analytically studied with an idealized model, which captures the first-order baroclinic structure in the vertical. The CMT has significant influence on the mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) waves, especially over the Indo-Pacific warm pool. The westward-propagating MRG wave with a small wavenumber becomes unstable because of the CMT. The convergence and geopotential are no longer in a quadrature phase relation, which is different from the classical MRG wave. As a result, there is a net source of mechanical energy within one wave period and there is an upscale momentum transfer that can have impacts on slow variabilities in the tropics, such as the Madden–Julian oscillation. The unstable MRG wave mimics the temporal and spatial features of the observed 2-day waves in tropics. Within this framework, the asymmetric structure of the MRG waves and the 2-day waves with respect to the equator are well captured by both the idealized model and observations. In addition, the CMT is found to be critical for determining the meridional scale of tropical waves. The meridional scale in the two-layer model is wider than the Rossby radius of deformation RL over the Indo-Pacific warm pool, but narrower than RL from the central to the eastern Pacific Ocean and over the Atlantic Ocean. Such variation is consistent with observations.
The significance of alternative transcripts for Caenorhabditis eleganstranscription factor genes, based on expression pattern analysis
Authors: Craig Hannah L , Wirtz Julia , Bamps Sophie , Dolphin Colin T , Hope Ian A 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, with their paramount importance in the regulation of expression of the genetic material, are encoded by approximately 5% of the genes in an animal’s genome. But it is unclear to what extent alternative transcripts from these genes may further increase the complexity of the transcription factor complement.

Results
Of the 938 potential C. elegans transcription factor genes, 197 were annotated in WormBase as encoding at least two distinct isoforms. Evaluation of prior evidence identified, with different levels of confidence, 50 genes with alternative transcript starts, 23 with alternative transcript ends, 35 with alternative splicing and 34 with alternative transcripts generated by a combination of mechanisms, leaving 55 that were discounted. Expression patterns were determined for transcripts for a sample of 29 transcription factor genes, concentrating on those with alternative transcript starts for which the evidence was strongest. Seamless fosmid recombineering was used to generate reporter gene fusions with minimal modification to assay expression of specific transcripts while maintaining the broad genomic DNA context and alternative transcript production. Alternative transcription factor gene transcripts were typically expressed with identical or substantially overlapping distributions rather than in distinct domains.

Conclusions
Increasingly sensitive sequencing technologies will reveal rare transcripts but many of these are clearly non-productive. The majority of the transcription factor gene alternative transcripts that are productive may represent tolerable noise rather than encoding functionally distinct isoforms.
High expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) correlates with nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression
Authors: Shen Zhihua , Jiang Xiaofan , Zeng Chao , Zheng Shaojiang , Luo Botao , Zeng Yumei , Ding Ranran , Jiang Hanguo , He Qiyi , Guo Junli , Jie Wei 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Overexpression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) has been detected in many types of human cancers, and is correlated with tumor malignancy. However, the role of UBE2C in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of aberrant UBE2C expression in the progression of human NPC.

Methods
Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to detect UBE2C protein in clinical samples of NPC and benign nasopharyngeal tissues, and the association of UBE2C expression with patient clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. UBEC2 expression profiles were evaluated in cell lines representing varying differentiated stages of NPC and immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelia NP-69 cells using quantitative RT-PCR, western blotting and fluorescent staining. Furthermore, UBE2C was knocked down using RNA interference in these cell lines and proliferation and cell cycle distribution was investigated.

Results
Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that UBE2C protein expression levels were higher in NPC tissues than in benign nasopharyngeal tissues (P<0.001). Moreover, high UBE2C protein expression was positively correlated with tumor size (P=0.017), lymph node metastasis (P=0.016) and distant metastasis (P=0.015) in NPC patients. In vitro experiments demonstrated that UBE2C expression levels were inversely correlated with the degree of differentiation of NPC cell lines, whereas UBE2C displayed low level of expression in NP-69 cells. Knockdown of UBE2C led to significant arrest at the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, and decreased cell proliferation was observed in poorly-differentiated CNE2Z NPC cells and undifferentiated C666-1 cells, but not in well-differentiated CNE1 and immortalized NP-69 cells.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that high expression of UBE2C in human NPC is closely related to tumor malignancy, and may be a potential marker for NPC progression.
Determinants of sexual health knowledge in adolescent girls in schools of Riyadh-Saudi Arabia: a cross sectional study
Authors: AlQuaiz AlJohara M , Kazi Ambreen , Al Muneef Maha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are many social and cultural factors affecting the sexual knowledge of adolescents. This study measured the sexual health knowledge level of adolescents and identified its association with role of parents, friends and school environment in adolescent girls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.MethodsFour hundred and nineteen Saudi female students belonging to intermediate and secondary grades were randomly selected from four public and private girl schools. 255 (69.8%) students were ≤15 years and 164 (39.2%) were >15 years. A self-administered structured questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic information, role of parents and teachers, availability of school curriculum on sexual health was used. Sexual health knowledge was assessed through questions on identification of physical changes during puberty for ≤15 years and separate questions on sexually transmitted infections for >15 years.Results54% of ≤15years and 70.7% of >15 years had poor sexual health knowledge. Multivariate analysis found determinants for poor sexual health education in ≤15years are: lower education level of both parents (OR 10.87; 95% CI 2.44–48.38), second birth order or more (OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.24–4.33) and absence of school curriculum on sexual health (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.33–0.95). Determinants for >15 years of age are : mothers with low literacy (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.42–6.71), as for sources of poor sexual knowledge : parents (OR 10.10; 95% CI 2.70–37.74), schools (OR 6.95; 95% CI 1.95–24.78) maids (OR 4.57; 95% CI 1.26–16.59) and media (OR 5.12; 95% CI 1.29–20.07) were statistically significant factors.ConclusionGovernment agencies with collaboration of all stake holders should develop policies and programs for implementing and evaluating integrated and comprehensive sexual educational programs for adolescents in Saudi Arabia.
Gene expression profiles in canine mammary carcinomas of various grades of malignancy
Authors: Pawłowski Karol M , Maciejewski Henryk , Dolka Izabella , Mol Jan A , Motyl Tomasz , Król Magdalena 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
The frequency of mammary malignancies in canine patients is even three times over than in human. In various types of cancer different intracellular signalling pathways are perturbed, thus the patients with pathologically the same type of cancer often have dissimilar genetic defects in their tumours and respond in a heterogeneous manner to anticancer treatment. That is why the objective of the hereby study was to assess the gene expression profiles in canine mammary carcinomas (in unsupervised manner) classified by pathologists as grade 1 (well differentiated), grade 2 (moderately differentiated) and grade 3 (poorly differentiated) and compare their molecular and pathological classifications.

Results
Our unsupervised analysis classified the examined tissues into three groups. The first one significantly differed from the others and consisted of four carcinomas of grade 3 and one carcinoma of grade 2. The second group consisted of four grade 1 carcinomas. The very heterogeneous (based on their pathological parameters) group was the last one which consisted of two grade 1 carcinomas, two grade 3 carcinomas and five grade 2 carcinomas. Hierarchical dendrogram showed that the most malignant tumour group had significantly distinct gene expression.

Conclusions
Molecular classification of canine mammary tumours is not identical with pathological classification. In our opinion molecular and pathological characterization of canine mammary malignancy can complement one another. However, furthers studies in this field are required.
Gene expression profiling of the anti-glioma effect of Cilengitide
Authors: Onishi Manabu , Kurozumi Kazuhiko , Ichikawa Tomotsugu , Michiue Hiroyuki , Fujii Kentaro , Ishida Joji , Shimazu Yosuke , Chiocca E Antonio , Kaur Balveen , Date Isao 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Cilengitide (EMD121974), an inhibitor of the adhesive function of integrins, demonstrated preclinical efficacy against malignant glioma. It is speculated that cilengitide can inhibit tumor growth, invasion, and angiogenesis. However, the effects of cilengitide on these processes have not been sufficiently examined. In this study, we investigated the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide using DNA microarray analysis. U87ΔEGFR cells (human malignant glioma cell line) were used for this experiment. The cells were harvested after 16 h of cilengitide treatment, and mRNA was extracted. Gene expression and pathway analyses were performed using a DNA microarray (CodeLink™Human Whole Genome Bioarray). The expression of 265 genes was changed with cilengitide treatment. The expression of 214 genes was up-regulated by more than 4-fold and the expression of 51 genes was down-regulated by more than 4-fold compared to the controls. In pathway analysis, “apoptotic cleavage of cellular proteins” and “TNF receptor signaling pathway” were over-represented. Apoptotic-associated genes such as caspase 8 were up-regulated. Gene expression profiling revealed more detailed mechanism of the anti-glioma effect of cilengitide. Genes associated with apoptosis were over-represented following cilengitide treatment.
A sensorless fuzzy-based maximum power point tracker for micro and small wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Ippolito Lucio 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
This paper deals with a small wind energy conversion system (WECS), equipped with a variable-speed wind turbine and a fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) wind estimator is proposed for the maximum power extraction. Using the estimated wind speed, which is usually obtained employing anemometers, a fuzzy-based control system is able to determine and regulate rotor speed for the maximum power extraction. The adoption of a sensorless strategy, especially for small size wind generation systems, leads to lower costs and improved reliability of the overall system.
Process for integral use of blueberry
Authors: Pizzolato Sofía , Andrada Matías , Rinaldoni Ana Noelia , Campderros Mercedes 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Blueberries, rich in anthocyanins, have long been recognized for their health benefits as antioxidant, besides they have been studied for their potential as natural colourants for food or cosmetics. A flow sheet which includes several methods for processing blueberry were performed to obtain different products. Membrane technology was applied, as a non thermal alternative for obtaining a clarified juice in the permeate stream and a blueberry concentrate in the other stream. An inorganic microfiltration membrane Carbosep® was used into a tubular Plexiglas module. The concentrate was dried by freeze-drying at -40°C and 1 bar. With the solids obtained in the pre-treatment and during the filtration of the fruit, jams were elaborated following the usual procedure. Different jam formulations were assayed: i) common grade with the addition of sugar, and ii) reduced calories, using Stevia (rebaudiana Bertoni) as a natural sweetener. The polysaccharide has many healthy properties in treating obesity and high blood pressure. A physical-chemical and sensory analysis of fruits and products has been carried out. The results showed that blueberries’ clarified juice, presented colour, flavor and pleasing appearance, the presence of anthocyanins could be determined. The freeze-dried concentrate was stable, retaining a bright colour similar to the fruit and can be quickly re-hydrated. The manufactured jams showed similar characteristics to commercial products (pH: 3.5; soluble solids: 67.5 °Brix; ash: 7.4 % w/w). The sensory analysis indicated that the formulation with sugar /Stevia: 50-50%, was rated significantly better than mixtures 25-75% or 100% Stevia. The process allows an integrated use of the fruit obtaining products with high nutritional quality.
On the derivative cones of polyhedral cones
Authors: Sanyal Raman 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Hyperbolic polynomials elegantly encode a rich class of convex cones that includes polyhedral and spectrahedral cones. Hyperbolic polynomials are closed under taking polars and the corresponding cones-the derivative cones-yield relaxations for the associated optimization problem and exhibit interesting facial properties. While it is unknown if every hyperbolicity cone is a section of the positive semidefinite cone, it is natural to ask whether spectrahedral cones are closed under taking derivative cones. In this note we give an affirmative answer for polyhedral cones by exhibiting an explicit spectrahedral representation for the first derivative cone. We also prove that higher polars do not have a determinantal representation which shows that the problem for general spectrahedral cones is considerably more difficult
Biaffine polar spaces
Authors: McInroy Justin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Let Π be a thick polar space of rank n ≥ 3. Pick a hyperplane F of Π and Η of Π. Define the elements of a biaffine polar space Γ to be those elements of Π which are not contained in F, or dually in Η. We show that Γ is a simply connected geometry, except for a few small exceptions for Π. We give a construction that leads to flag-transitive examples.