bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinico‐genetic comparisons of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia patients with and without PRRT2 mutations
Authors: Tan L. C. S. , Methawasin K. , Teng E. W. L. , Ng A. R. J. , Seah S. H. , Au W. L. , Liu J. J. , Foo J. N. , Zhao Y. , Tan E. K. 
Published: March 2013

Background and purposeMutations in the PRRT2 gene have been identified in patients with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesias (PKD); however, not many detailed clinico‐genetic correlations have been performed.MethodsTo investigate PRRT2 mutations in a mixed Asian PKD population and perform clinico‐genetic correlations, we recruited patients between 2002 and 2011 and administered a standardized questionnaire.ResultsAmongst 29 unrelated patients with PKD recruited, five PRRT2 mutations were present in 15 patients. Three mutations (c.649dupC, c.649delC, c.649C>T) were previous reported, while three were novel mutations (c.604delT; c.609_611delACC/p.Ser202Hisfs; c.697_698delAG/p.Ser233Trp fsX5). Clinico‐genetic correlations revealed that a history of seizures was more common in patients with PRRT2 mutations, although this did not reach statistical significance (P= 0.08). A younger age of onset, non‐Chinese, and the presence of premonitory sensations were significantly associated with PRRT2 mutations in the univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age of onset [odds ratio (OR) = 0.59, P = 0.025] and premonitory sensation (OR = 10.67, P = 0.028) were independently associated with positive PRRT2 mutation.ConclusionsPRRT2 mutations are common in patients with PKD, and a double PRRT2 mutation is reported for the first time. PRRT2 mutations are significantly associated with a younger age of onset and the presence of premonitory sensation in our population.
A survey of adult and pediatric epilepsy surgery in the United Kingdom
Authors: Neligan Aidan , Haliasos Nik , Pettorini Benedetta , Harkness William F. J. , Solomon Juliet K. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryAll consultant epilepsy neurosurgeons were asked to prospectively record all epilepsy surgery procedures carried out at their center between April 2010 and March 2011. Figures were compared to a previous survey completed in 2000. Of a total of 710 procedures, temporal lobe surgery was the most common resective surgery. Although extratemporal lesional surgery was less common, vagus nerve stimulator (VNS) implantation accounted for almost half the procedures. The numbers for all surgical procedures, with the exception of VNS implantations, had decreased. This decrease may represent a global rather than a regional phenomenon. Further longitudinal multinational data on epilepsy surgery is required to confirm or refute this theory.
Patterns of cortical hyperexcitability in adolescent/adult‐onset generalized epilepsies
Authors: Badawy Radwa A. B. , Vogrin Simon J. , Lai Alan , Cook Mark J. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryPurposeTo investigate whether using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to derive if measures of cortical excitability changes can distinguish between various adolescent/adult‐onset generalized epilepsy syndromes at different phases of the disorder.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven patients with adolescent/adult‐onset generalized epilepsy divided into juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, and generalized epilepsy with tonic–clonic seizures only were studied. The cohorts were further divided into drug naive‐new onset, refractory, and seizure‐free groups. Motor threshold (MT) and paired pulse TMS at short (2, 5, 10, 15 msec) and long (100–300 msec) interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were measured. Results were compared to those of 20 controls.Key FindingsIn the drug‐naive cohorts MT was reduced (p < 0.05) and cortical excitability increased at 2 and 5 msec and 150, 250, and 300 msec ISIs (p < 0.01) in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy compared to other generalized epilepsy groups and controls. Cortical excitability increased to a lesser degree in other generalized epilepsy syndromes compared to controls, but those two syndromes were not distinguishable from one another. The changes in paired pulse TMS were more prominent in the groups with refractory seizures and very small in the groups who were seizure free.SignificanceThere are syndrome specific changes in cortical excitability associated with generalized epilepsy. These changes are also dependent on seizure control with medication. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy has a higher cortical excitability profile compared to other adolescent/adult‐onset generalized epilepsy syndromes and can be clearly distinguished from them during all phases.
Potential movement of fish and shellfish stocks from the sub‐Arctic to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hollowed Anne Babcock , Planque Benjamin , Loeng Harald 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn assessment of the potential for 17 fish or shellfish stocks or stock groups to move from the sub‐Arctic areas into the Arctic Ocean was conducted. A panel of 34 experts was convened to assess the impact of climate change on the potential movement of the 17 stocks or stock groups. The panel considered the exposure of species to climate change, the sensitivity of species to these changes and the adaptive capacity of each stock or stock group. Based on expert opinions, the potential for expansion or movement into the Arctic was qualitatively ranked (low potential, potential, high potential). It is projected that the Arctic Ocean will become ice‐free during the summer season, and when this happens new areas will open up for plankton production, which may lead to new feeding areas for fish stocks. Five stocks had a low potential to move to, or expand in, the high Arctic. Six species are considered as potential candidate species to move to, or expand in, the high Arctic. Six stocks had a high potential of establishing viable resident populations in the region. These six stocks exhibit life history characteristics that allow them to survive challenging environmental conditions that will continue to prevail in the north. This study suggests that several life history factors should be considered when assessing the potentiality of a species moving in response to changing climate conditions.
Modelling the dispersal of Calanus finmarchicus on the Newfoundland Shelf: implications for the analysis of population dynamics from a high frequency monitoring site
Authors: Pepin Pierre , Han Guoqi , Head Erica J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigated the drift of passive particles on the Newfoundland Shelf and western Labrador Sea using numerical simulations to assess the possible sources of plankton collected at a high frequency sampling site (S27; 47.55°N, 52.59°W) located near the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. We also summarized data detailing the seasonal stage succession of Calanus finmarchicus at that site, as well as along three oceanographic sections sampled in the spring, summer and autumn across the adjacent continental shelf. Simulations indicated that the Labrador and Newfoundland Shelves represent the major sources of particles transiting through the S27 site, with relatively minor contributions from the western Labrador Sea which are significant during a few months each year. The latter point may be affected by uncertainty in the representation of cross‐shelf transport associated with seasonal or short‐term variations in atmospheric and oceanic forcing, which may also affect the strength and location of bifurcation of the inner branch of the Labrador Current around the Grand Banks. Nevertheless, our results indicated that drift along the inner shelf is likely to be the primary source of copepods collected at S27 throughout most of the year. This in turn suggested that there may be a higher degree of connectivity between conditions in coastal areas of Newfoundland and those in Baffin Bay and west Greenland than with the southern half of the Labrador Sea.
Skeletal muscle area correlates with body surface area in healthy adults
Authors: Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Shirabe Ken , Nakagawara Hidekazu , Ikegami Toru , Harimoto Norifumi , Toshima Takeo , Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Ikeda Tetsuo , Soejima Yuji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: March 2013

AimDepletion of skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) predicts survival in patients with cancer or liver cirrhosis. Recently, many reports have used computed tomography (CT) to measure muscle area to define sarcopenia. However, the definition of sarcopenia using CT has not been fully determined. The aim of this study was to establish formulae to calculate the standard area of skeletal muscle.MethodsForty‐five healthy adults (24 men and 21 women, aged 21–66 years) who wished to donate part of their liver for transplantation underwent CT. Cross‐sectional areas (cm2) of skeletal muscle were measured at the caudal end of the third lumbar vertebra. Regression analysis was performed to establish formulae to calculate the standard area of skeletal muscle. A validation conducted on 30 other healthy adults was performed to check the accuracy of formulae.ResultsMen had a median skeletal muscle area of 155.0 cm2 (range, 114.0–203.0), compared with 111.7 cm2 (range, 89.8–139.3) in women (P < 0.001). Furthermore, skeletal muscle area significantly correlated with body surface area (BSA) in men (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.60) and women (P < 0.0001, r2 = 0.78). The formulae to calculate skeletal muscle area were 126.9 × BSA − 66.2 in men and 125.6 × BSA − 81.1 in women. The estimated muscle area significantly correlated with actual muscle area in men (P = 0.003, r2 = 0.64) and women (P = 0.0001, r2 = 0.70).ConclusionSarcopenia can be defined by the difference between measured data and calculated data using our new formulae.
The Relation between Physical and Risk‐neutral Cumulants
Authors: Zhao Huimin , Zhang Jin E. , Chang Eric C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractVariance swaps are natural instruments for investors taking directional bets on volatility and are often used for portfolio protection. The empirical observation on skewness research suggests that derivative professionals may also desire to hedge beyond volatility risk and there exists the need to hedge higher‐moment market risks, such as skewness and kurtosis risks. We study two derivative contracts – skewness swap and kurtosis swap – which trade the forward realized third and fourth cumulants. Using S&P 500 index options data from 1996 to 2005, we document the returns of these swap contracts, i.e., skewness risk premium and kurtosis risk premium. We find that the both skewness and kurtosis risk premiums are significantly negative.
Prior infection of pigs with a recent humanH3N2 influenza virus confers minimal cross‐protection against aEuropean swineH3N2 virus
Authors: Qiu Yu , van der Meulen Karen , Van Reeth Kristien 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundH3N2 influenza viruses circulating in humans andEuropean pigs originate from the pandemicA/HongKong/68 virus. Because of slower antigenic drift in swine, the antigenic divergence between swine and human viruses has been increasing. It remains unknown to what extent this results in a reduced cross‐protection between recent human and swineH3N2 influenza viruses.ObjectivesWe examined whether prior infection of pigs with an old [A/Victoria/3/75 (A/Vic/75)] or a more recent [A/Wisconsin/67/05 (A/Wis/05)] humanH3N2 virus protected against aEuropean swineH3N2 virus [sw/Gent/172/08 (sw/Gent/08)]. Genetic and antigenic relationships between sw/Gent/08 and a selection of humanH3N2 viruses were also assessed.ResultsAfter challenge with sw/Gent/08, all challenge controls had high virus titers in the entire respiratory tract at 3 days post‐challenge and nasal virus excretion for 5–6 days. Prior infection with sw/Gent/08 orA/Vic/75 offered complete virological protection against challenge. Pigs previously inoculated withA/Wis/05 showed similar virus titers in the respiratory tract as challenge controls, but the mean duration of nasal shedding was 1·3 days shorter. Unlike sw/Gent/08‐ andA/Vic/75‐inoculated pigs,A/Wis/05‐inoculated pigs lacked cross‐reactive neutralizing antibodies against sw/Gent/08 before challenge, but they showed a more rapid antibody response to sw/Gent/08 than challenge controls after challenge. Cross‐protection and serological responses correlated with genetic and antigenic differences.ConclusionsInfection immunity to a recent humanH3N2 virus confers minimal cross‐protection against aEuropean swineH3N2 virus. We discuss our findings with regard to the recent zoonotic infections of humans in the United States with a swine‐originH3N2 variant virus.
Progressive emergence of an oseltamivir‐resistant A(H3N2) virus over two courses of oseltamivir treatment in an immunocompromised paediatric patient
Authors: Hurt Aeron C. , Leang Sook Kwan , Tiedemann Karin , Butler Jeff , Mechinaud Francoise , Kelso Anne , Downie Peter , Barr Ian G. 
Published: March 2013

A minor viral population of oseltamivir‐resistant A(H3N2) viruses (E119V neuraminidase mutation) was selected and maintained in a continually infected immunocompromised child following initial oseltamivir treatment. A subsequent course of oseltamivir given 7 weeks later rapidly selected for the E119V variant resulting in a near‐pure population of the resistant virus. The study highlights the challenges of oseltamivir treatment of immunocompromised patients that are continually shedding virus and demonstrates the ability of the E119V oseltamivir‐resistant virus to be maintained for prolonged periods even in the absence of drug‐selective pressure.
Effects of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy on Healing of Free Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts in Dogs
Authors: Stanley Bryden J. , Pitt Kathryn A. , Weder Christian D. , Fritz Michele C. , Hauptman Joe G. , Steficek Barbara A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo compare healing of free, full‐thickness, meshed skin grafts under negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) with bolster dressings in dogs.Study designRandomized, controlled experimental study, paired design.AnimalsDogs (n = 5)MethodsFull‐thickness skin wounds (4 cm × 1.5 cm) were created bilaterally on the antebrachia of 5 dogs (n = 10). Excised skin was grafted to the contralateral limb. Grafts were randomized to NPWT or bolster dressings (control; CON). NPWT was applied continuously for 7 days. Grafts were evaluated on Days 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 17, biopsied on days 0, 4, 7, and 14, and had microbial culture on Day 7. Outcome variables were: time to first appearance of granulation tissue, percent graft necrosis, and percent open mesh. Significance was set at P < .05. Histologic findings, culture results, and graft appearance were reported.ResultsGranulation tissue appeared earlier in the NPWT grafts compared with CON grafts. Percent graft necrosis and remaining open mesh area were both greater in CON grafts compared with NPWT grafts at most time points. Histologic results showed no significant difference in all variables measured, and all cultures were negative.ConclusionsVariables of graft acceptance were superior when NPWT was used in the first week post‐grafting. Fibroplasia was enhanced, open meshes closed more rapidly and less graft necrosis occurred with NPWT application. More preclinical studies are required to evaluate histologic differences.
BRAF mutational epidemiology in dysplastic nevi: Does different solar UV radiation exposure matter?
Authors: Saroufim M. , Novy M. , Taraif S. , Habib R.H. , Loya A. , Rauscher B. , Kriegshäuser G. , Oberkanins C. , Khalifeh I. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundProto‐oncogene B‐Raf (BRAF) mutation rates have been reported in nevi and melanomas of homogeneous Caucasian cohorts.ObjectiveTo study the demographics of BRAF mutations in dysplastic nevi of populations with differing potential solar UV radiation exposure.MethodsExtended BRAF testing for 9 mutations in 125 dysplastic nevi from 101 patients, derived from populations with differing potential UV radiation exposure rates (Lebanon and Saudi Arabia), was performed. Clinical and microscopic parameters were recorded.ResultsBRAF mutation status was carried out for 101/125 (80.8%) cases with an overall mutation rate of 62.4% (63/101). V600E (c.1799T > A) was the predominant mutation, found in 61/63 (96.8%) cases. BRAF mutation rate differed significantly by potential UV radiation exposure (Lebanon: 53.4%, Saudi Arabia: 74.4%, P < 0.05). A 43.8% discordant mutation rate (7/16 patients) was found in patients with multiple nevi, including 2 patients with different BRAF mutations. Microscopic examination subdivided the dysplasia into mild (n = 24), moderate (n = 60) and severe (n = 41) with trunk predominance (72.8%). Higher rates of pigment in the stratum corneum were identified in Saudi Arabia (P < 0.05). No statistical significant increase in BRAF mutation rate was noted with advanced architectural and cytological atypia. Parameters associated with a negative BRAF mutation status included upper extremity location, regression, cohesiveness and presence of suprabasal melanocytes (P < 0.05). Positive BRAF mutation status was reasonably predicted by multivariate binary logistic regression by 2 independent predictors: Geographic location and compound nevus type.ConclusionsIn our Near Eastern cohort, the BRAF mutation rate varied significantly by geographic location. In patients with multiple dysplastic nevi examined, discordant BRAF mutation status potentially negates an underlying constitutional predilection.
Chewing gum reduces postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery: A meta‐analysis of 17 randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Shan , Liu Yanqiong , Peng Qiliu , Xie Li , Wang Jian , Qin Xue 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground and AimChewing gum proposal has been used in surgery to reduce postoperative ileus for more than 10 years; however, the efficacy remains imprecise. The aim of this study was to accurately assess whether the use of the chewing gum could reduce duration of postoperative ileus following the abdominal surgery.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through December 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials comparing with and without the use of chewing gum in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The outcome of interest was time to flatus, time to bowel movement, and length of stay. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the impact of different studies structural design. Cumulative meta‐analyses were used to examine how the evidence has changed over time.ResultsSeventeen randomized controlled trials involving 1374 participants were included. Overall time (in days) for the patients to pass flatus (weighted mean difference [WMD], −0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.43 to −0.19; P = 0.000); time to bowel movement (WMD, −0.51; 95% CI, −0.73 to −0.29; P = 0.000); and length of stay (WMD, −0.72; 95% CI, −1.02 to −0.43; P = 0.000) were significantly reduced in the treatment group. However, both of these results demonstrated significant heterogeneity. No evidence of publication bias was observed. Cumulative meta‐analysis showed that chewing gum reduces duration of postoperative ileus that has been available for over 6 years.ConclusionsResults of the meta‐analysis suggest that chewing gum following abdominal surgery offers benefits in reducing the time of postoperative ileus.
Simulation as a learning strategy: supporting undergraduate nursing students with disabilities
Authors: Azzopardi Toni , Johnson Amanda , Phillips Kirrilee , Dickson Cathy , Hengstberger‐Sims Cecily , Goldsmith Mary , Allan Trevor 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo promote simulation as a learning strategy to support undergraduate nursing students with disabilities.BackgroundSupporting undergraduate nursing students with disabilities has gained further momentum because of amendments to the Disability Discrimination Act in 2009. Providers of higher education must now ensure proactive steps to prevent discrimination against students with a disability are implemented to assist in course progression. Simulation allows for the impact of a student's disability to be assessed and informs the determination of reasonable adjustments to be implemented. Further suitable adjustments can then be determined in a safe environment and evaluated prior to scheduled placement. Auditing in this manner, offers a risk management strategy for all while maintaining the academic integrity of the program.DesignDiscursive.MethodsLow, medium and high fidelity simulation activities critically analysed and their application to support undergraduate nursing students with disabilities assessed.ResultsWith advancing technology and new pedagogical approaches simulation as a learning strategy can play a significant role. In this role, simulation supports undergraduate nursing students with disabilities to meet course requirements, while offering higher education providers an important risk management strategy.ConclusionThe discussion recommends simulation is used to inform the determination of reasonable adjustments for undergraduate nursing students with disabilities as an effective, contemporary curriculum practice. Adoption of simulation, in this way, will meet three imperatives: comply with current legislative requirements, embrace advances in learning technologies and embed one of the six principles of inclusive curriculum. Achieving these imperatives is likely to increase accessibility for all students and offer students with a disability a supportive learning experience.Relevance to clinical practiceProvides capacity to systematically assess, monitor, evaluate and support students with a disability. The students' reasonable adjustments can be determined prior to attending clinical practice to minimise risks and ensure the safety of all.
Predictors of good‐quality counselling from the perspective of hospitalised chronically ill adults
Authors: Kaakinen Pirjo , Kyngäs Helvi , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: March 2013

Aims and objectivesTo determine the factors that predict the quality of patient counselling from the perspective of hospitalised chronically ill adults.BackgroundIn view of the growing number of adults with chronic diseases and a lack of resources in health care, it would be valuable for healthcare professionals to know which factors result in good‐quality counselling for such individuals.DesignThe study used a cross‐sectional, descriptive design.MethodsData were collected from chronically ill adults (n = 106) in northern Finland and were analysed using logistic regression.ResultsCounselling implementation was perceived to be of good quality if it was preplanned (odds ratio = 24·07) and patient‐centred (odds ratio = 16·03) and if interaction during counselling (odds ratio = 13·27) was good. Counselling about social support (odds ratio = 14·78), preplanned counselling (odds ratio = 9·69), counselling about the results of investigations (odds ratio = 7·84) and counselling about disease progression (odds ratio = 7·66) were statistically significant predictors of the content being considered good quality. The effects of counselling on disease treatment (odds ratio = 11·33), patient‐centred counselling (odds ratio = 9·75) and counselling about the effects of attitudes (odds ratio = 9·52) were statistically significant predictors of highly beneficial counselling. Counselling about the effects of disease treatment (odds ratio = 9·71) and interaction during counselling (odds ratio = 4·91) predicted the quality of counselling materials and methods.ConclusionThe results could be used to help healthcare professionals to ensure good‐quality counselling by highlighting the areas that are most important to meet the expectations of chronically ill adults.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results can be used to develop the quality of chronically ill adults' counselling as well as to educate staff to focus better on chronically ill patients' counselling because it is necessary to develop new ways to offer more patient‐centred counselling in order to address patients' needs and fit care to patients' lifestyles.