bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant streptokinase suppositories in the treatment of acute haemorrhoidal disease. Multicentre randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial (THERESA‐2)
Authors: Hernández‐Bernal F. , Valenzuela‐Silva C. M. , Quintero‐Tabío L. , Castellanos‐Sierra G. , Monterrey‐Cao D. , Aguilera‐Barreto A. , López‐Saura P. ,   the THERESA‐2 Group of Investigators
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimA four‐arm multicentre randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was undertaken to assess the effect and safety of suppositories containing recombinant streptokinase (rSK) at two dose levels (100 000 IU and 200 000 IU) with sodium salicylate (SS) compared with placebo and SS for the treatment of acute haemorrhoidal disease.MethodPatients with acute symptoms of haemorrhoids were randomized to four treatment groups: (I) placebo, (II) SS, (III) SS + rSK 100 000 IU and (IV) SS + rSK 200 000 IU per suppository. Inpatient treatment was by four suppositories given every 6 h to discharge at 24 h. Evaluations were made at the time of discharge (24 h) and at 3, 5 and 20 days later. The main end‐point was the degree of relief of pain, oedema and reduction in the size of the lesion by 90% on day 5. Adverse events and the occurrence of anti‐SK antibodies were also determined.ResultsEighty patients were included. Respective response rates in the four groups were 16%, 30%, 25% and 52%. In the last group there was a significant difference (36.8%) compared with control (95% CI 7.0–58.4%). The time to response was significantly shorter (median 5 days) in the 200 000 IU rSK group with respect to the others. There were no adverse events attributable to the treatment. No increase in anti‐SK antibodies was detected 20 days after treatment.ConclusionSuppositories with 200 000 IU rSK showed a significant improvement in symptoms of acute haemorrhoids, with an adequate safety profile.
The effect of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease on human visuomotor learning
Authors: Gutierrez‐Garralda Juan Manuel , Moreno‐Briseño Pablo , Boll Marie‐Catherine , Morgado‐Valle Consuelo , Campos‐Romo Aurelio , Diaz Rosalinda , Fernandez‐Ruiz Juan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVisuomotor adaptation is often driven by error‐based (EB) learning in which signed errors update motor commands. There are, however, visuomotor tasks where signed errors are unavailable or cannot be mapped onto appropriate motor command changes, rendering EB learning ineffective; and yet, healthy subjects can learn in these EB learning‐free conditions. While EB learning depends on cerebellar integrity, the neural bases of EB‐independent learning are poorly understood. As basal ganglia are involved in learning mechanisms that are independent of signed error feedback, here we tested whether patients with basal ganglia lesions, including those with Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease, would show impairments in a visuomotor learning task that prevents the use of EB learning. We employed two visuomotor throwing tasks that were similar, but were profoundly different in the resulting visual feedback. This difference was implemented through the introduction of either a lateral displacement of the visual field via a wedge prism (EB learning) or a horizontal reversal of the visual field via a dove prism (non‐EB learning). Our results show that patients with basal ganglia degeneration had normal EB learning in the wedge prism task, but were profoundly impaired in the reversing prism task that does not depend on the signed error signal feedback. These results represent the first evidence that human visuomotor learning in the absence of EB feedback depends on the integrity of the basal ganglia.
Explaining Andean megadiversity: the evolutionary and ecological causes of glassfrog elevational richness patterns
Authors: Hutter Carl R. , Guayasamin Juan M. , Wiens John J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe Tropical Andes are an important global biodiversity hotspot, harbouring extraordinarily high richness and endemism. Although elevational richness and speciation have been studied independently in some Andean groups, the evolutionary and ecological processes that explain elevational richness patterns in the Andes have not been analysed together. Herein, we elucidate the processes underlying Andean richness patterns using glassfrogs (Centrolenidae) as a model system. Glassfrogs show the widespread mid‐elevation diversity peak for both local and regional richness. Remarkably, these patterns are explained by greater time (montane museum) rather than faster speciation at mid‐elevations (montane species pump), despite the recency of the major Andean uplift. We also show for the first time that rates of climatic‐niche evolution and elevational change are related, supporting the hypothesis that climatic‐niche conservatism decelerates species' shifts in elevational distributions and underlies the mid‐elevation richness peak. These results may be relevant to other Andean clades and montane systems globally.
Prevalence of root caries among ambulant older adults living in central Chile
Authors: Mariño Rodrigo J. , Fu Chiang S. , Giacaman Rodrigo A. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of root caries and the treatment needs in an ambulant population of older adults, living in the Maule Region, Chile.Basic research designThe source of primary data was the Regional Oral Health Survey. A random sample of 438 older adults, aged 65–74 years, living independently in the community was orally examined, and underwent an oral health interview.ResultsThis was a largely dentate population (74.9%). Dentate participants had 70.4% of their root surfaces with recession. Those with exposed root surfaces had an average of 29.8 root surfaces exposed. The root caries index (RCI) was 8.23%, and a mean of 0.21 and 0.55 root surfaces filled and decayed, respectively.ConclusionParticipants had better oral health status than previously reported. Consistent with studies conducted in independent‐living older adults, root caries occurred in a lower frequency among Chilean ambulant older adults. The proportion of unmet restorative needs could be reduced. Community‐based preventive care programmes specifically tailored to older adults are needed to address this challenge.
A novel proposal for labelling sunscreens based on compliance and performance
Authors: Pissavini M. , Doucet O. , Diffey B. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisObjectiveTo propose a new way of classifying sunscreens, which combines the labelled SPF with an objective measure of compliance.MethodsThe in vitro determination of uniformity of sunscreen application was combined with an in vivo measure of applied thickness to derive a Compliance Factor for each of 10 sunscreens.ResultsThe predicted SPF resulting from real‐life application of each sunscreen product, which is termed the SPFin vivo veritas, was calculated from the Compliance Factor and the labelled SPF. It was shown that for a number of products, there is expected to be a significant mismatch between labelled and delivered SPF.ConclusionWe believe that by adopting our proposal, consumers would be given more appropriate guidance on the delivered photoprotection they can expect to receive than relying solely on the labelled SPF.
Development of an in vitro model of menopause using primary human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Remoué N. , Molinari J. , Andres E. , Lago J. C. , Barrichello C. , Moreira P. L. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisObjectiveTo overcome the current lack of in vitro models to specifically reproduce hormonal skin ageing in women, and in search of active ingredients with innovative efficacy claim for cosmetic skin care, we developed a cell culture‐based model by simulating menopause's hormonal decline and assessed several parameters of collagen metabolism.MethodsHuman dermal fibroblasts were incubated with media containing 17β‐oestradiol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 at concentrations corresponding to those of non‐menopausal women's sera and then of menopausal women's sera. We measured cell proliferation [by 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)], matrix metalloproteinase‐1 and metalloproteinase‐3 (MMPs) release (by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay – ELISA), total collagen deposition (by Sirius red staining), types I and III collagen deposition (by ELISA), and types I and III procollagen gene expression (by real‐time q‐RT‐PCR).ResultsOur results showed a significant decrease over time in cell proliferation, collagen deposition and type III/type I collagen ratio, together with an increase in MMP release, when cells were incubated in media containing sex hormones at menopausal levels. This is consistent with in vivo data from menopausal women available in the literature. Surprisingly, procollagen gene expression was only reduced within the first hours and increased afterwards when compared with non‐menopausal culture conditions.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the increased procollagen synthesis with menopausal conditions was not sufficient to compensate for the MMPs' catabolic effects and/or the impaired procollagen protein maturation, resulting in a decrease in extracellular collagen content. These findings add to the overall understanding of hormone‐dependent skin behaviour and highlight the suitability of this in vitro model for cosmetic actives testing aiming to underpin claims of anti‐ageing efficacy, specifically for menopausal women, regarding collagen metabolism and balance of types, for maintenance of dermal mechanical properties.
Senior dentists' perceptions of dental therapists' roles and education needs in Malaysia
Authors: Nor NAM , Murat NA , Yusof ZYM , Gamboa ABO 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTo describe the perceptions of senior dental officers (SDOs) on the roles of dental therapists (DTs) and their education needs in Malaysia.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using a self‐administered postal questionnaire targeting all 112 SDOs in the Malaysian Ministry of Health. The SDOs were asked about their perceptions of DT's roles in relation to clinical tasks, oral health promotion, administration and the dental team and their perceptions of DT's future education needs. Data were analysed using spss software, version 17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsThe response rate was 60%. A majority of SDOs were women (68%) with a mean age of 44.9 (SD: 8.04). Generally, the majority of SDOs perceived the current roles of DT in non‐complex clinical tasks such as examination and diagnosis, preventive treatment, extraction of deciduous teeth and oral health promotion as very important. Fewer than half of SDOs perceived DT's role in the extraction of permanent teeth as important. Most SDOs perceived the need to train DT in ‘scaling and polishing for adults’ (80.5%), ‘delivering inferior alveolar nerve block’ (57.3%) and ‘pulp therapy’ (59.2%). They also had positive perceptions of providing education for DT up to degree level (70.8%).ConclusionThis study suggests that Malaysian SDOs have positive perceptions of the current roles of DT and of the expansion of some of their clinical tasks to include broader client groups through further training and education. These findings indicate a need to revise the current curriculum and legislation pertaining to DT's education and scope of practice in Malaysia.
Competitive Strategies and Growth of NeighbouringBromus valdivianusPhil. andLolium perenneL. Plants Under Water Restriction
Authors: López I. F. , Kemp P. D. , Dörner J. , Descalzi C. A. , Balocchi O. A. , García S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOften perennial pastures have to tolerate soil water restriction during summer, which can affect the relative abundance of the most desired species. In the south of Chile,Bromus valdivianusandLolium perenneare preferred species. The competitiveness ofB. valdivianusandL. perennewas evaluated when sown in pots in a glasshouse as monocultures or a mix (50/50 %) with restricted water availability. The water restriction treatments were as follows: 80–85 % field capacity (FC), 45–50 %FCand 20–25 %FC, maintained for 1196 growing degree days. For both species, dry matter (DM) accumulated per plant and per pot decreased similarly with increasing water restriction, but at tiller level, resource allocation differed, forB. valdivianusroot growth was accentuated over aerial development, but this was less so forL. perenne. The foliage mass per tiller forB. valdivianusdecreased relatively more than that forL. perennewith increasing water restriction. As monocultures,B. valdivianusproduced larger tillers thanL. perenne, such thatB. valdivianustillers had 2.2 times greater lamina mass, 3.6 times more leaf area and 2.5 times greater root mass than those ofL. perenne. However,L. perenneproduced a larger number of smaller tillers that enabled foliage, root and total mass at plant level, to be similar to that ofB. valdivianus. Within the mixed pasture,L. perennetiller density increased compared with when grown as a monoculture, but not forB. valdivianus. The results of the study suggested thatL. perenneandB. valdivianushave differences in growth strategies that allow them to survive under environmental stress and competition. Competitiveness increased forL. perenneaboveground without water restriction and that forB. valdivianusincreased belowground as water restriction was increased.
Romantic attachment, sexual activity, and substance use: findings from substance‐using runaway adolescents
Authors: Letcher Amber , Slesnick Natasha 
Published: June 2013

AbstractResearch on adolescent attachment is limited, but is growing. Studies to date have focused primarily on high‐functioning, college student samples with minimal attention given to at‐risk, early adolescents. The current study assessed the relationship between sexual activity, substance use, physical and sexual abuse, and attachment avoidance and anxiety in a sample of substance using, runaway youth. Seventy‐three adolescents between the ages of 12 and 17 years were recruited from a local runaway shelter. The main finding was that attachment avoidance was related to a later age at first use of marijuana. Results provide some support for the utility of the attachment framework in understanding problem behaviors among runaway adolescents. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Advances in the treatment of acute graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Qian Liren , Wu Zhengcheng , Shen Jianliang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignant and non‐malignant hematologic diseases and other diseases. However, acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic transplantation. Acute GVHD may occur in 30% of transplant recipients, which is a syndrome of erythematous skin eruption, cholestatic liver disease and intestinal dysfunction, resulting from the activation of donor T lymphocytes by host antigen‐presenting cells, resulting in an immune‐mediated inflammatory response. Recent scientific advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis involved in the development of acute GVHD and clinical investigation have provided more effective therapeutic strategies for acute GVHD. This review focuses on major scientific and clinical advances in the treatment of acute GVHD.
Association of autoimmune diseases with oral lichen planus: a cross‐sectional, clinical study
Authors: López‐Jornet P. , Parra‐Perez F. , Pons‐Fuster A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between autoimmune disease and oral lichen planus (OLP), comparing OLP patients with a control population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional clinical study evaluated the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in male and female patients with OLP. The variables analysed were age, sex, tobacco and alcohol consumption, the clinical form of OLP, time of evolution and the presence of autoimmune diseases.ResultsAutoimmune diseases were present in 7% of OLP patients (10/130) and 4% of the control group (6/130) without statistically significant difference (P = 0.67). The estimated odds ratios (with 95% confidence intervals) of the presence of autoimmune disease in OLP sufferers was 1.033 (0.97–1.10). A logistic regression model for presence/absence of the risk autoimmune disease found statistically significant differences in relation to age.ConclusionsAt present, there is no definitive hypothesis that explains the coexistence of OLP and autoimmune disease; further research is required into the mechanisms whereby this coexistence occurs.
Kininogen‐dependent antiphosphatidylethanolamine antibodies and autoantibodies to factor XII in patients with recurrent pregnancy losses
Authors: Sugi Toshitaka 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFactor XII, plasma prekallikrein and high‐molecular‐weight kininogen were first identified as coagulation proteins in the intrinsic pathway because patients deficient in these proteins had marked prolongation of in vitro surface‐activated coagulation time. However, deficiencies of these proteins are not associated with clinical bleeding. Paradoxically, studies suggest that these proteins have anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activities. In fact, association between deficiencies of these proteins and thrombosis has been reported. Recently, autoantibodies to these proteins and antiphospholipid antibodies are frequent coagulation‐related abnormalities found in unexplained recurrent aborters. Evidence has accumulated for the presence of the kallikrein–kininogen–kinin system in the fetoplacental unit. The contact system, or kallikrein–kininogen–kinin system, in the reproductive tract plays an essential roll in the regulation of thrombosis, hemostasis, angiogenesis and in the defense against invasive bacterial infection. Autoantibodies to these proteins may be associated with pregnancy losses due to disruption of this system. These possibilities will be reviewed, the functions of the individual components will be summarized, and their role in blood coagulation and pregnancy discussed.
Achieving Customer Satisfaction through Integrated Products and Services: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Raja Jawwad Z. , Bourne Dorota , Goffin Keith , Çakkol Mehmet , Martinez Veronica 
Published: June 2013

Complex products such as manufacturing equipment have always needed maintenance and repair services. Increasingly, leading manufacturers are integrating products and services to generate increased revenues and achieve customer satisfaction. Designing integrated products and services requires a different approach to new product development and a clear understanding of how customers perceive the value they obtain from actual usage of products and services—so‐called value‐in‐use. However, there is a lack of research on integrated products and services and how they impact customer satisfaction.An exploratory study was undertaken to understand customers' views on integrated products and services and the value‐in‐use derived from such offerings. As value‐in‐use and its impacts are complicated concepts, a technique from psychology—Repertory Grid Technique—was used to gather data in 33 interviews. The interviews allowed a deep understanding of customer views on integrated products and services to be obtained, and a systematic analysis identified the key attributes of value‐in‐use. In order to probe further, the data were then analyzed using Honey's procedure, which identified the impact of the attributes of value‐in‐use on customer satisfaction. Two key attributes—relational dynamic and access—were found to have the most influence on customer satisfaction. This paper contributes to the innovation field by identifying customer needs for integrated products and services and how these impact customer satisfaction. These are key points and need to be fully considered by managers during new product and service development. Similarly, the paper identifies a number of important areas for further research.
Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) sexual maturation and caviar quality
Authors: Lu Xiaonan , Rasco Barbara A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNumerous studies about sturgeon reproductive physiology over the past twenty years have helped researchers to understand the relationship between how sexual maturation in female sturgeon may affect the quality and yield of caviar. Here, works about white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) female reproductive physiology relating to egg harvest and roe quality are summarized.
Answering the Ethical Question
Authors: Nye Sebastian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany philosophers have attempted to answer the ‘ethical question’: can the ethical value of an artwork ever contribute to its aesthetic value, and if so, how? In this paper, I consider a methodological question that arises out of this discussion: should attempts to address the ethical question use analytic tools found in contemporary philosophical literature, art criticism, or some combination of the two? I concur with arguments proposed elsewhere, which suggest that art criticism has an important role to play in addressing the ethical question. However, I argue that any fruitful attempt to answer the question must defend some particular way of understanding the ethical value of artworks, which suggests that we should address what I label the ‘art question’: what is the role and importance of art? This question, I suggest, is one with which philosophers can usefully engage. This division of labour offers a way forward in addressing this important issue.
Solitary (primary) uvealT‐cell lymphoma in a horse
Authors: Trope Gareth D. , McCowan Christina I. , Tyrrell Dayle , Lording Peter M. , Maggs David J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA 22‐year‐old Australian stockhorse gelding was presented with anterior uveitis in the right eye which was nonresponsive to anti‐inflammatory therapy. Clinical examination revealed corneal edema and vascularization, marked hypopyon, and thickening of the dorsal iris, which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Hematologic and biochemical analyses, abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography, and abdominocentesis with cytologic and biochemical analysis revealed no significant abnormalities. Cytological examination of an aqueous humor sample revealed a population of predominantly large lymphoblasts with high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio, round or irregular nuclei, clumped nuclear chromatin, multiple large prominent nucleoli, and a small volume of basophilic cytoplasm. The cytologic diagnosis was intraocular lymphoma. Biopsy of the right submandibular lymph node revealed no evidence of neoplastic invasion. Euthanasia and a complete necropsy were performed and revealed no evidence of neoplasia in any tissue other than the right eye, which had an extensive, well‐defined infiltrate of neoplastic lymphocytes expanding the ciliary body and iris, infiltrating the ciliary epithelium, and extending into the pars plana and peripheral choroid. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that neoplastic cells expressed the T‐cell markerCD3. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of primary, solitary uveal T‐cell lymphoma in a horse. Although apparently rare, lymphoma should be considered in horses with uveitis, even when inflammation is unilateral and in the absence of extraocular signs of neoplasia. Aqueocentesis and cytological examination provided an antemortem diagnosis in this case and should be considered as a diagnostic tool for investigation of uveal thickening and hypopyon.