bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Antibody Production in Arabidopsis Seeds Triggers an Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: De Wilde Kirsten , De Buck Sylvie , Vanneste Kevin , Depicker Ann 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAmong the many plant-based production systems that are being tested for molecular farming, seeds are very attractive, as they provide a stable environment in which the accumulating recombinant proteins can be stored. However, it is not known exactly how high production levels of recombinant antibodies influence the endogenous transcriptome and proteome of the developing seed. To address this question, we studied the transcriptomic status in developing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds 13 d post anthesis of three transgenic lines, producing varying levels of recombinant VHH or single-chain Fv antibody fragments fused to the human immunoglobulin G1-derived Fc fragment under the control of the β-PHASEOLIN seed-specific promoter. Using genome-wide Tiling arrays, we demonstrated that only a small proportion of the transcriptome was significantly changed in each of the lines compared with the wild type. Strikingly, in all three lines, we found a large overlap of up-regulated genes corresponding to protein folding, glycosylation/modification, translocation, vesicle transport, and protein degradation, suggestive of a state of cellular stress called the unfolded protein response. Moreover, the gene up-regulation amplitude was similar in all three lines. We hypothesize that the production of recombinant antibodies in the endoplasmic reticulum triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress, causing a disturbance of the normal cellular homeostasis.
Methyl 4-O-β-D-mannopyranosyl β-D-xylopyranoside
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Oliver Allen G. , Vu Henry M. , Duman John G. , Serianni Anthony S. 
Published: November 2012

Methyl β-D-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-xylopyranoside, C12H22O10, (I), crystallizes as colorless needles from water, with two crystallographically independent molecules, (IA) and (IB), comprising the asymmetric unit. The internal glycosidic linkage conformation in molecule (IA) is characterized by a φ′ torsion angle (O5′Man—C1′Man—O1′Man—C4Xyl; Man is mannose and Xyl is xylose) of −88.38 (17)° and a ψ′ torsion angle (C1′Man—O1′Man—C4Xyl—C5Xyl) of −149.22 (15)°, whereas the corresponding torsion angles in molecule (IB) are −89.82 (17) and −159.98 (14)°, respectively. Ring atom numbering conforms to the convention in which C1 denotes the anomeric C atom, and C5 and C6 denote the hydroxymethyl (–CH2OH) C atom in the β-Xylpand β-Manpresidues, respectively. By comparison, the internal glycosidic linkage in the major disorder component of the structurally related disaccharide, methyl β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-xylopyranoside), (II) [Zhang, Oliver & Serriani (2012).Acta Cryst.C68, o7–o11], is characterized by φ′ = −85.7 (6)° and ψ′ = −141.6 (8)°. Inter-residue hydrogen bonding is observed between atoms O3Xyland O5′Manin both (IA) and (IB) [O3Xyl...O5′Maninternuclear distances = 2.7268 (16) and 2.6920 (17) Å, respectively], analogous to the inter-residue hydrogen bond detected between atoms O3Xyland O5′Galin (II). Exocyclic hydroxymethyl group conformation in the β-Manpresidue of (IA) isgauche–gauche, whereas that in the β-Manpresidue of (IB) isgauche–trans.
Childbirth and prolapse: long‐term associations with the symptoms and objective measurement of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Glazener C , Elders A , MacArthur C , Lancashire RJ , Herbison P , Hagen S , Dean N , Bain C , Toozs‐Hobson P , Richardson K , McDonald A , McPherson G , Wilson D ,   for the ProLong Study Group
Published: November 2012

ObjectivesTo investigate prolapse symptoms and objectively measured pelvic organ prolapse, 12 years after childbirth, and association with delivery mode history.DesignTwelve‐year longitudinal study.SettingMaternity units in Aberdeen, Birmingham and Dunedin.PopulationWomen dwelling in the community.MethodsData from women were collected 12 years after an index birth and women were invited for examination. Logistic regression investigated associations between risk factors and prolapse symptoms and signs.Main outcome measuresProlapse symptom score (POP‐SS); objectively measured prolapse (POP‐Q).ResultsOf 7725 continuing women, 3763 (49%) returned questionnaires at 12 years. The median POP‐SS score was 2 (IQR 0–4). One or more forceps deliveries (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.04–1.38) and a body mass index (BMI) over 25 were associated with higher (worse) POP‐SS scores, but age over 25 years at first delivery was associated with lower (better) scores. There was no protective effect if all deliveries were by caesarean section (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.69–1.02). Objective prolapse was found in 182/762 (24%) women. Women aged over 30 years when having their first baby and parity were significantly associated with prolapse. Compared with women whose births were all spontaneous vaginal deliveries, women who had all births by caesarean section were the least likely to have prolapse (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.38), and there was a reduced risk after forceps or a mixture of spontaneous vaginal delivery and caesarean section.ConclusionsThese findings are at odds with each other, suggesting that prolapse symptoms and objective prolapse may not be in concordance, or are associated with different antecedent factors. Further follow‐up is planned.
Impacts of Tamarix‐mediated soil changes on restoration plant growth
Authors: Lehnhoff Erik A. , Menalled Fabian D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQuestionDo soils impacted by Tamarix spp. affect the growth of plants used for restoration through altered soil chemistry and/or plant‐soil feedbacks?LocationThe Bighorn River, the Yellowstone River and the Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana, western USA.MethodsSoil was collected from paired subsites where Tamarix was either present or absent along three water bodies. To evaluate chemical and biological soil effects on plant growth, eight plant species (Achnatherum hymenoides, Astragalus cicer, Dalea candida, Elymus lanceolatus, Leymus cinereus, Pascopyrum smithii, Ratibida columnifera and Trifolium pratense) commonly used in restoration projects at Tamarix‐invaded sites were grown in the collected soil. Plant‐soil feedbacks were evaluated by growing two species (D. candida and P. smithii) in greenhouse soils inoculated with small amounts of the field soils. Germination, emergence and growth characteristics were compared between Tamarix‐invaded and un‐invaded subsites and across water bodies.ResultsSeedling emergence and plant relative growth rate, total biomass production and allocation of resources to roots and shoots were not negatively affected in field soils or in greenhouse soil inoculated with soil from areas where Tamarix was present. In fact, overall, plants emerged earlier and produced more biomass in soils affected by Tamarix than in soils from where Tamarix was not present. These results indicate that for sites in the northern range of Tamarix, restoration would not be inhibited by Tamarix‐induced soil changes.ConclusionsTamarix is a relatively new invader in the northern USA, and little is known about its impacts in this area or the potential implications for restoration. However, our results indicate that neither altered soil chemistry nor plant‐soil feedbacks negatively impact native plant growth, and restoration efforts would not be hindered by Tamarix‐induced changes to soil chemistry or microbiota.
One‐Year Clinical and Radiographic Results with a Novel Hydrophilic Titanium Dental Implant
Authors: Degasperi Werner , Andersson Peter , Verrocchi Damiano , Sennerby Lars 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundNew implant designs are continuously introduced to the market. It is important to evaluate and report on their clinical performance when used in everyday practice.PurposeThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a novel hydrophilic dental implant for 1 year.Materials and MethodsA total of 49 patients previously treated with 102 hydrophilic dental implants (Neoss Proactive, Neoss Ltd, Harrogate, UK) were retrospectively evaluated with regard to survival rate and marginal bone loss. Fifty‐four implants were installed in maxillae and 48 in mandibles to replace single teeth (n = 21), to support partial bridges (n = 26), total maxillary bridges (n = 2), or mandibular overdentures (n = 2). The majority of patients (n = 37) had implants placed in healed sites without any adjunctive procedures. In 12 patients, implants were immediately placed in extraction sockets or in conjunction with maxillary sinus floor augmentation. All implant sites had been classified according to the Lekholm and Zarb index. Baseline and 1‐year intraoral radiographs were used to calculate marginal bone levels and bone loss. Implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements had been taken at placement and after 3 to 4 months of healingResultsThe implants became rapidly covered with blood at the first contact. One implant was lost, giving a cumulative survival rate (CSR) of 99.0% after 1 year. The marginal bone loss amounted to 0.7 ± 0.6 mm with 3.5% of the implants showing more than 2 mm of bone loss and no implant more than 3 mm bone loss after 1 year. The primary stability was found to be 72.7 ± 7.5 ISQ, which slightly increased to 73.6 ± 7.2 ISQ (NS) after 3 to 4 months of healing. The stability was significantly higher in the mandible than in the maxilla at placement and after healing.ConclusionIn this limited clinical study, the use of a novel hydrophilic dental implant results in favorable short‐term outcomes.
The impact of blood glucose and HbA1c goals on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Boot M. , Volkening L. K. , Butler D. A. , Laffel L. M. B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo evaluate parents' goals and parents' perceptions of physicians' goals for blood glucose and HbA1c in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional observational assessment, parents (80% mothers) of 153 children/adolescents (56% female), aged 12.9 ± 2.3 years (range 8–16 years) with Type 1 diabetes for 6.3 ± 3.5 years, completed surveys regarding their goals and their perceptions of physicians' goals for their child's blood glucose and HbA1c levels.ResultsChildren/adolescents had a mean HbA1c of 69 ± 16 mmol/mol (8.4 ± 1.4%) and checked blood glucose levels 3.8 ± 1.2 times/day; 23% received pump therapy. Almost half of parents reported a blood glucose goal of 130 (80–180) mg/dl [7.2 (4.4–10) mmol/l]; 75% of parents reported a HbA1c goal of 42–64 mmol/mol (6–8%). HbA1c was significantly lower when parents reported HbA1c goals ≤ 64 mmol/mol (≤ 8%) vs. > 64 mmol/mol (> 8%) [67 ± 14 mmol/mol (8.3 ± 1.2%) vs. 76 ± 20 mmol/mol (9.1 ± 1.8%), respectively, P = 0.02]. Parents' blood glucose and HbA1c goals were tightly linked with parents' perceptions of physicians' blood glucose and HbA1c goals (69% concordant, P < 0.0001; 88% concordant, P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionsThere was a significant association between lower parent HbA1c goals and lower child/adolescent HbA1c. Further, parents appear to set glycaemic goals based upon their perceptions of physician goals. Future studies should assess the relationship between parents' perceptions of health‐care providers' goals and health‐care providers' actual goals and the impact of unified family/provider goal‐setting on glycaemic control.
Sex differences in young patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Egiziano G. , Akhtari S. , Pilote L. , Daskalopoulou S. S. ,   the GENESIS (GENdEr and Sex DetermInants of Cardiovascular Disease) Investigators
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo identify sex differences in risk factors, presenting symptoms and outcomes of young patients with acute myocardial infarction.MethodsWe adopted a comprehensive approach and performed two parallel studies: (1) using provincial administrative databases from Quebec, Canada from 2000 to 2007, we identified baseline characteristics and post‐acute myocardial infarction survival of patients aged < 50 years (n = 10 619); (2) to overcome the lack of clinical data in the administrative databases, a medical chart review was performed on 215 patients < 50 years of age with an acute myocardial infarction between April 2000 and August 2006 from our institution.ResultsAdministrative cohort: fewer women than men sought medical attention for retrosternal chest pain 1‐month pre‐acute myocardial infarction (P = 0.035). Diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in women, and patients equally received interventional procedures post‐infarction. Diabetes significantly reduced post‐infarction survival in men and women [HR = 2.02 (95% CI 1.21–3.36) and HR = 2.25 (95% CI 1.06–4.80), respectively]. However, young women had greater post‐infarction mortality in‐hospital and up to 1 year after discharge (4.23% vs. 2.21%, respectively; P = 0.005). Medical chart review: diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in women, while men were more obese. There were no significant sex differences in typical presenting symptoms, or in interventional procedures post‐infarction.ConclusionsYoung men and women with acute myocardial infarctions equally presented with retrosternal chest pain, although fewer women sought medical attention for retrosternal chest pain before admission. Diabetes and hypertension were more prevalent in young women, and mortality was higher in young female patients. Our results highlight the continued need for diabetes prevention and control in young patients, especially women.
Impact of TAVI on Mitral Regurgitation: A Prospective Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Giordana Francesca , Capriolo Michele , Frea Simone , Marra Walter Grosso , Giorgi Mauro , Bergamasco Laura , Omedè Pier Luigi , Sheiban Imad , D'Amico Maurizio , Bovolo Virginia , Salizzoni Stefano , La Torre Michele , Rinaldi Mauro , Marra Sebastiano , Gaita Fiorenzo , Morello Mara 
Published: November 2012

Objective: This study aims to assess changes in mitral regurgitation (MR) severity after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Background: Existing data on MR after TAVI are contradictory. Methods: Thirty‐five patients with MR graded ≥ 2+ were followed after undergoing TAVI with either the Edwards Sapien or CoreValve device. Echocardiography was performed the week before and 3 months after the procedure. MR was graded on a scale of 0 to 4+, classified as organic or functional, and the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and MR index were calculated. Results: At baseline, MR was graded 4+ in 4 (11.4%) patients, 3+ in 10 (28.6%), and 2+ in 21 (60%). At follow‐up, MR was graded at 3+ in 4 (11.4%) patients, 2+ in 8 (22.9%), and 1+ in 19 (54.3%); 4 (11.4%) exhibited no MR. EROA (24.4 ± 11.5 mm2 pre‐TAVI vs. 11.2 ± 10.3 mm2 post‐TAVI, P < 0.001) and MR index (1.9 ± 0.3 pre‐TAVI vs. 1.3 ± 0.7 post‐TAVI, P < 0.001) were reduced with TAVI, independent of the etiology. MR decreased by at least 1 grade in 28 (80%) patients, with a reduction ≥2 grades in 10 (28.6%) patients; no patient showed a worsened condition. Subgroup analyses showed that the reduction in MR was significant in patients treated with the Edwards Sapien device but not in patients treated with the CoreValve device. Conclusions: This multiparametric echocardiographic evaluation showed that MR improved significantly after TAVI and that this result may be related to the type of valve implanted.
Simulating the effects of climate change on the distribution of an invasive plant, using a high resolution, local scale, mechanistic approach: challenges and insights
Authors: Fennell Mark , Murphy James E. , Gallagher Tommy , Osborne Bruce 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe growing economic and ecological damage associated with biological invasions, which will likely be exacerbated by climate change, necessitates improved projections of invasive spread. Generally, potential changes in species distribution are investigated using climate envelope models; however, the reliability of such models has been questioned and they are not suitable for use at local scales. At this scale, mechanistic models are more appropriate. This paper discusses some key requirements for mechanistic models and utilises a newly developed model (PSS[gt]) that incorporates the influence of habitat type and related features (e.g., roads and rivers), as well as demographic processes and propagule dispersal dynamics, to model climate induced changes in the distribution of an invasive plant (Gunnera tinctoria) at a local scale. A new methodology is introduced, dynamic baseline benchmarking, which distinguishes climate‐induced alterations in species distributions from other potential drivers of change. Using this approach, it was concluded that climate change, based onIPCCand C4i projections, has the potential to increase the spread‐rate and intensity ofG. tinctoriainvasions. Increases in the number of individuals were primarily due to intensification of invasion in areas already invaded or in areas projected to be invaded in the dynamic baseline scenario. Temperature had the largest influence on changes in plant distributions. Water availability also had a large influence and introduced the most uncertainty in the projections. Additionally, due to the difficulties of parameterising models such as this, the process has been streamlined by utilising methods for estimating unknown variables and selecting only essential parameters.
Role of environmental, historical and spatial processes in the structure of Neotropical primate communities: contrasting taxonomic and phylogenetic perspectives
Authors: Gavilanez Maria Mercedes , Stevens Richard D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate relative importance of niche, historical and spatial processes on the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of primate communities.LocationNeotropics.MethodsData on community composition for 74 sites were gathered from the literature. Communities were characterized based on taxonomic and phylogenetic composition. Three predictive matrices were used as explanatory variables representing ecological (environmental), historical (riverine barriers and Pleistocene refugia) and dispersal‐based spatial hypotheses (spatial principal coordinates of neighbour matrices vectors based on geographic coordinates). Variation partitioning analyses were used to decouple independent and shared effects. Permutation procedures based on redundancy analysis were used to determine if explained variation was statistically significant.ResultsForty‐nine per cent of variation in taxonomic structure and 66% of variation in phylogenetic structure was explained by selected predictor variables. Independent effects of spatial variables explained the largest portion of variation in both diversity metrics. Fractions representing shared effects of historical and spatial variables, and of all variables combined, were also large and significant. Independent effects of environmental and historical variables were small to non‐existent (< 4%). When analysing each phylogenetic metric independently the relative contributions of shared fractions changed, although the independent spatial fraction remained the most important predictor.Main conclusionsOur results show that purely spatial processes, such as dispersal limitation, may play a stronger role in structuring primate communities than niche mechanisms and historical events. Furthermore, we find that the influence of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms is conflated with spatial processes, suggesting that community structure is determined jointly by spatial mechanisms reflecting environmental gradients and biogeographical processes. Although the relative contributions of each predictor variable were similar between taxonomic and phylogenetic metrics, a deeper examination of phylogenetic metrics suggests that ecological, historical and spatial mechanisms interact in complex ways to determine current patterns of phylogenetic community structure.
Interferon‐γ‐ and glucocorticoid‐mediated pathways synergize to enhance death of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection
Authors: Deobagkar‐Lele Mukta , Chacko Suni K. , Victor Emmanuel S. , Kadthur Jayachandra C. , Nandi Dipankar 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThymic atrophy is known to occur during infections; however, there is limited understanding of its causes and of the cross‐talk between different pathways. This study investigates mechanisms involved in thymic atrophy during a model of oral infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium). Significant death of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes, but not of single‐positive thymocytes or peripheral lymphocytes, is observed at later stages during infection with live, but not heat‐killed, bacteria. The death of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes is Fas‐independent as shown by infection studies with lpr mice. However, apoptosis occurs with lowering of mitochondrial potential and higher caspase‐3 activity. The amounts of cortisol, a glucocorticoid, and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), an inflammatory cytokine, increase upon infection. To investigate the functional roles of these molecules, studies were performed using Ifnγ−/− mice together with RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with RU486 does not affect colony‐forming units (CFU), amounts of IFN‐γ and mouse survival; however, there is partial rescue in thymocyte death. Upon infection, Ifnγ−/− mice display higher CFU and lower survival but more surviving thymocytes are recovered. However, there is no difference in cortisol amounts in C57BL/6 and Ifnγ−/− mice. Importantly, the number of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes is significantly higher in Ifnγ−/− mice treated with RU486 along with lower caspase‐3 activity and mitochondrial damage. Hence, endogenous glucocorticoid and IFN‐γ‐mediated pathways are parallel but synergize in an additive manner to induce death of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes during S. typhimurium infection. The implications of this study for host responses during infection are discussed.
Current methods for estimating the rate of photorespiration in leaves
Authors: Busch F. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotorespiration is a process that competes with photosynthesis, in which Rubisco oxygenates, instead of carboxylates, its substrate ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate. The photorespiratory metabolism associated with the recovery of 3‐phosphoglycerate is energetically costly and results in the release of previously fixed CO2. The ability to quantify photorespiration is gaining importance as a tool to help improve plant productivity in order to meet the increasing global food demand. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the methods used to measure photorespiration. Current techniques are able to measure multiple aspects of photorespiration at different points along the photorespiratory C2 cycle. Six different methods used to estimate photorespiration are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages discussed.
The social construction of meaning: reading Animal Farm in the classroom
Authors: Yandell John 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe novel, it has generally been assumed, was from its very beginnings a literary form designed to be read by solitary, silent individuals. One consequence of this assumption is that the class novel, read amid all the noise and sociality of the classroom, tends to be treated as a preparation for more authentic, private reading, or even as a poor substitute for it. This essay argues that the history of novel reading is more complicated and more varied than has been assumed; it goes on to explore, through the story of a single lesson, the possibilities for meaning‐making that are the product of particular pedagogic practices as well as of the irreducibly social process of reading the class novel.