bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facility Implementation and Comparative Performance Evaluation of Probe-Corrected TEM/STEM with Schottky and Cold Field Emission Illumination
Authors: Xin Yan , Kynoch John , Han Ke , Liang Zhiyong , Lee Peter J. , Larbalestier David C. , Su Yi-Feng , Nagahata Kohei , Aoki Toshihiro , Longo Paolo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report the installation and performance evaluation of a probe aberration-corrected high-resolution JEOL JEM-ARM200F transmission electron microscope (TEM). We provide details on construction of the room that enables us to obtain scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) data without any evident distortions/noise from the external environment. The microscope routinely delivers expected performance. We show that the highest STEM spatial resolution and energy resolution achieved with this microscope are 0.078 nm and 0.34 eV, respectively. We report a direct comparative evaluation of the performance of this microscope with a Schottky thermal field-emission gun versus a cold field-emission gun. Cold field-emission illumination improves spatial resolution of the high current probe for analytical spectroscopy, the TEM information limit, and the electron energy resolution compared to the Schottky thermal field-emission source.
New order selection technique using information criteria applied to SISO and MIMO systems predistortion
Authors: Amiri M.V. , Bassam S.A. , Helaoui M. , Ghannouchi F.M. 
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a new order selection technique of matrix memory polynomial technique that models the nonlinearities of single-branch and multi-branch transmitters. The new criteria take into account the complexity of the model in addition to its mean-square error in the selection criteria. The quasi-convexity of the proposed criteria was proven in this work. By using this proposed Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC) criteria, the model order selection was cast as a cost minimization problem. To minimize the criteria, modified gradient descent and simulated annealing algorithms were utilized which resulted in a considerable reduction in the number of search iterations. The performances of the criteria were shown by comparing the normalized mean square error (NMSE) of a higher-order model and the optimum model. It has been shown that the NMSE difference is <0.5 dB, but the complexity is much smaller.
Stellt ein niedriges Selbstkonzept einen Risikofaktor für Anpassungsprobleme nach dem Schuleintritt dar?
Authors: Cimeli Patrizia , Röthlisberger Marianne , Neuenschwander Regula , Roebers Claudia M. 
Published: March 2013

Kinder im Vorschul- und frühen Grundschulalter schätzen sich sehr positiv ein. Man vermutet, dass ein hohes Selbstkonzept eine erfolgreiche Bewältigung von Entwicklungsaufgaben begünstigt. Für diese junge Altersgruppe liegen jedoch erst wenige empirische Belege dazu vor. Ziel der vorliegenden prospektiven Längsschnittstudie war es zu überprüfen, ob ein niedriges Selbstkonzept einen Risikofaktor für Anpassungsprobleme unmittelbar nach dem Schuleintritt darstellt. Dazu wurden die Entwicklungsverläufe von Kindern mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept (unterstes Terzil, n = 31) und Kindern mit hohem Selbstkonzept (n = 72) miteinander verglichen. Im Kindergarten unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen weder in soziodemographischen noch in kognitiven Merkmalen. Nach dem Schuleintritt wiesen Kinder mit niedrigem Selbstkonzept jedoch sowohl sozial als auch leistungsmäßig eine schlechtere schulische Anpassung auf als Kinder mit hohem Selbstkonzept. Die Ergebnisse werden hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Bedeutsamkeit diskutiert.
Chaperone activation by unfolding
Authors: Foit Linda , George Jenny S. , Zhang Bin W. , Brooks Charles L. , Bardwell James C. A. 
Published: March 2013

Significance
For proteins, function is generally associated with order. Some proteins, however, are at least partially disordered. Because proteins tend to evolve into disorder in the absence of selection, it has been difficult to establish any significance of disorder for protein function. Here, we isolate a constitutively active variant of the normally acid-activated, conditionally disordered chaperone HdeA. We find this mutant to be largely destabilized, partially unstructured, and monomeric at a concentration at which it prevents the aggregation of a client protein. Our data therefore provide experimental evidence for the significance of partial disorder in protein function.
Effects of coating of nano‐ and microemulsion silicones on thermal properties and flammability of polyethylene terephthalate textile
Authors: Parvinzadeh Gashti Mazeyar , Yousefpour Navid Mohammad , Hossein Rahimi Mohammad 
Published: March 2013

PurposeSilicone softeners are widely used in the textile industry to improve the performance of textile products. The thermal characteristics and flammability of polyester fabrics can be influenced by these compounds, which need to be considered, as important issues of human safety. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the changes induced on the polyester fibre by silicone softener treatment using a pad/dry/cure method.Design/methodology/approachThe fibres were first treated with nano‐ and microemulsion silicone softeners. The influence of the silicone emulsion type on thermal properties and flammability of the resultant samples were investigated by various analytical techniques, namely, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and horizontal flammability test (HFT).FindingsResults showed that the silicone softeners increase the thermal degradation and flammability of the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate.Originality/valueThe paper's study of thermal and flammability of the silicone‐treated sample is novel and can be used to optimize the properties of silicone polymers during production and consumption.
UV cure acrylate monomers: synthesis, analysis and storage
Authors: Kulkarni R.D. , Chaudhari M.E. , Mishra S. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a critical and in‐depth review of the present status and recent developments in synthetic methodologies, reaction engineering, process design and quality control aspects associated with the manufacture of mono and multifunctional acrylate monomers.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews commercially important UV cure mono and multifunctional acrylate monomers. It covers their synthesis, catalyst, and appropriate solvents for azeotropic removal of byproducts. The detail discussion on catalysis, basis of design of reactors and commercial plant and the process engineering associated with the manufacture has been supported through citation of synthesis of various acrylate monomers. The methodologies adopted for determination of physical, chemical and compositional characterisation of acrylate monomers have been presented. In addition, the guidelines regarding the bulk storage and commercial handling of acrylates have been reviewed.FindingsThe reaction engineering of esterification reaction between acrylic acid and polyol has been worked out to provide the basis for selection of reactors. The reaction has been modeled as a series – parallel complex reaction for providing explanation for generation of various byproducts/adducts and multiple esters.Practical implicationsThe detailed discussion on formation, characterisation and treatment of Michael adducts and purification of acrylate monomers will be relevant for new researchers for further development. A review of guidelines on selection of homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts for synthesis of acrylate monomers has been presented.Originality/valueSince the related literature on acrylate monomers is scarce, scattered and proprietary, the consolidated coverage in one paper will be useful.
Solder joint degradation and detection using RF impedance analysis
Authors: Bin Yao , Yudong Lu , Ming Wan 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the method of using RF impedance changes as an early indicator of degradation of solder joint. It proposes the mode of crack propagation in solder joint and outlines why RF impedance analysis can be capable of detecting small cracks. The study aims to show the potential of RF impedance analysis as a prognostic tool that can provide advanced warning of impending failures of solder joint.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the mode of crack propagation in solder joint was studied to show why RF impedance analysis could be capable of detecting small cracks. A real simple impedance‐controlled test vehicle was developed to allow RF impedance and DC resistance measurements to monitor solder joint degradation. The influence of crack length on RF impedance was evaluated by high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation for the first time.FindingsThe paper demonstrates that RF resistance can respond to an open state of a solder joint as well as DC resistance. Furthermore, RF impedance can monitor partial degradation of solder joints, while the DC resistance cannot do it. In addition, time‐domain reflection coefficient is found to be more useful than RF impedance in detecting solder joint degradation. The HFSS simulation results show that even very slight physical degradation of solder joints can be detected using RF impedance analysis.Originality/valueIn this paper, HFSS simulation is used for the first time to evaluate the influence of crack length on RF impedance.
Immersed volume method for solving natural convection, conduction and radiation of a hat‐shaped disk inside a 3D enclosure
Authors: Hachem E. , Digonnet H. , Massoni E. , Coupez T. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an immersed volume method that accounts for solid conductive bodies (hat‐shaped disk) in calculation of time‐dependent, three‐dimensional, conjugate heat transfer and fluid flow.Design/methodology/approachThe incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations and the heat transfer equations are discretized using a stabilized finite element method. The interface of the immersed disk is defined and rendered by the zero isovalues of a level set function. This signed distance function allows turning different thermal properties of each component into homogeneous parameters and it is coupled to a direct anisotropic mesh adaptation process enhancing the interface representation. A monolithic approach is used to solve a single set of equations for both fluid and solid with different thermal properties.FindingsIn the proposed immersion technique, only a single grid for both air and solid is considered, thus, only one equation with different thermal properties is solved. The sharp discontinuity of the material properties was captured by an anisotropic refined solid‐fluid interface. The robustness of the method to compute the flow and heat transfer with large materials properties differences is demonstrated using stabilized finite element formulations. Results are assessed by comparing the predictions with the experimental data.Originality/valueThe proposed method demonstrates the capability of the model to simulate an unsteady three‐dimensional heat transfer flow of natural convection, conduction and radiation in a cubic enclosure with the presence of a conduction body. A previous knowledge of the heat transfer coefficients between the disk and the fluid is no longer required. The heat exchange at the interface is solved and dealt with naturally.
A differential quadrature method for numerical solutions of Burgers'‐type equations
Authors: Mittal R.C. , Jiwari Ram 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use the polynomial differential quadrature method (PDQM) to find the numerical solutions of some Burgers'‐type nonlinear partial differential equations.Design/methodology/approachThe PDQM changed the nonlinear partial differential equations into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained system of ODEs is solved by Runge‐Kutta fourth order method.FindingsNumerical results for the nonlinear evolution equations such as 1D Burgers', coupled Burgers', 2D Burgers' and system of 2D Burgers' equations are obtained by applying PDQM. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions.Originality/valueA comparison is made with those which are already available in the literature and the present numerical schemes are found give better solutions. The strong point of these schemes is that they are easy to apply, even in two‐dimensional nonlinear problems.
Natural convection from a vertical permeable cone in a nanofluid saturated porous media for uniform heat and nanoparticles volume fraction fluxes
Authors: Chamkha A.J. , Rashad A.M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study steady, laminar, natural convection boundary‐layer flow over a permeable vertical cone embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid in the presence of uniform lateral mass flux.Design/methodology/approachThe paper studies steady, laminar, natural convection boundary‐layer flow over a permeable vertical cone embedded in a porous medium saturated with a nanofluid in the presence of uniform lateral mass flux.FindingsThe presence of nanoparticles has significant effects of heat transfer.Originality/valueThe area of nanofluids is very original.
Forced convection heat transfer within a moderately‐stenosed, patient‐specific carotid bifurcation
Authors: Bevan Rhodri L.T. , Lewis Roland W. , Nithiarasu Perumal 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to numerically model forced convection heat transfer within a patient‐specific carotid bifurcation and to examine the relationship between the temperature and wall shear stress.Design/methodology/approachThe procedure employs a parallel, fully explicit (matrix free) characteristic based split scheme for the solution of incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations.FindingsThe arterial wall temperature, rather than the blood temperature dominates the regions of low wall shear stress and high oscillating shear stress. Additionally, negligible temperature gradient was detected proximal to the arterial wall in this locality.Originality/valueThe presented results demonstrate a possible mechanism for cold air temperature to influence the atherosclerotic plaque region proximal to the stenosis. The proposed patient‐specific heat transfer analysis also provides a starting point for the investigation of the influence of induced hypothermia on carotid plaque and its stability.
Solution of a low Prandtl number natural convection benchmark by a local meshless method
Authors: Kosec Gregor , Šarler Božidar 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the solution of a highly nonlinear fluid dynamics in a low Prandtl number regime, typical for metal‐like materials, as defined in the call for contributions to a numerical benchmark problem for 2D columnar solidification of binary alloys. The solution of such a numerical situation represents the first step towards understanding the instabilities in a more complex case of macrosegregation.Design/methodology/approachThe involved temperature, velocity and pressure fields are represented through the local approximation functions which are used to evaluate the partial differential operators. The temporal discretization is performed through explicit time stepping.FindingsThe performance of the method is assessed on the natural convection in a closed rectangular cavity filled with a low Prandtl fluid. Two cases are considered, one with steady state and another with oscillatory solution. It is shown that the proposed solution procedure, despite its simplicity, provides stable and convergent results with excellent computational performance. The results show good agreement with the results of the classical finite volume method and spectral finite element method.Originality/valueThe solution procedure is formulated completely through local computational operations. Besides local numerical method, the pressure velocity is performed locally also, retaining the correct temporal transient.
Gary Hamel: managing while under the influence of innovation
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to present an interview with Gary Hamel asking an existential question that all long‐established firms need to face: “Is there an effective competitive response to counter innovation by startups, and if so, what is it?”.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents Hamel's evaluation of current alternatives to dealing with the issue.FindingsThe paper concludes that the most reliable survival strategy is continuous innovation, which requires radical management innovation.Practical implicationsHamel concludes that most large organizations must make fundamental changes in the way they are managed, if they wish to survive. One key step: enable first‐level and second‐level employees to obtain small amounts of experimental capital or time to work on something that's new.Originality/valueHamel warns that fewer than one company out of 100 has made innovation part of every employee's job or trained every employee to be an innovator, but doing so is a matter of survival.
Connecting with the digital customer of the future
Authors: Berman Saul J. , Kesterson‐Townes Lynn 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe authors expect that media and entertainment (M&E) providers will increasingly be challenged to offer consumers entertainment experiences that are more relevant, and therefore perceived as more valuable. This paper aims to investigate this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper looks at the authors' 2011 survey, which revealed four prominent types of “digital personalities” that are not age‐based, but instead are based on the combination of degree of access to content and intensity of content interaction.”FindingsThe paper finds that to move beyond merely distributing digital content, M&E providers should: think and act like business‐to‐consumer (B2C) companies, no matter where they sit in the industry value chain; target consumers' specific digital personalities; deliver holistic, relevant content experiences – not just content alone; and create new flexibly integrated, cross‐channel digital revenue models that can deliver value comparable to traditional models.Research limitations/implicationsThe fourth annual IBM Institute for Business Value digital consumer survey questioned over 3,800 consumers in six countries – China, France, Germany, Japan, the UK and the USA – to evaluate current and future digital content consumption behaviors.Practical implicationsMaking digital content more social includes finding smarter ways to connect to customers, connect the ecosystem and refine content.Originality/valueThe paper provides useful information on making digital content more social and smarter ways to connect to customers, the ecosystem and to refine content.
Three new business models for “the open firm”
Authors: Purdy Mark , Robinson Matthew C. , Wei Kuangyi 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe authors found that as more firms participate in open business ecosystems, the borders between an individual firm and its stakeholders – customers, suppliers, workers, partners and innovators – have become much more permeable and reconfigurable. This paper aims to address this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper shows how new open business models enable firms to maximize the benefits of openness while limiting the risks.FindingsThe authors propose three “open firm” models based on their research, experience and observation: the harbor and fleet; the demand forum; and multivalent sourcing.Research limitations/implicationsCase studies are provided. For example, the supply chain tracing firm Historic Futures has developed an online application called String that enables participating companies to monitor products hour by hour and mile by mile along the supply chain.Practical implicationsThe ability to establish and maintain appropriate networks is central to the success of open‐firm strategies.Originality/valueAs technological advances spur firms toward an era of greater openness, companies will increasingly need to examine the potential economic benefits of digitally linked clusters of businesses. The authors' framework can help executives decide which type of open‐firm model can work best.
Savoring surprise: the leadership learning opportunity
Authors: Kaplan Soren 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to show that some astute leaders have learned to look for opportunity in surprises, sometimes discovering important strategic variables that contribute to long‐term success.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes that market analysis surprises be routinely mined and sifted for bigger and better ideas, strategies and solutions.FindingsLeaders need to learn how to harness the latent opportunities that reside within the inevitable surprises they will experience. Shaping how customers encounter surprise can actually make the difference between a trivial product or service experience and a memorable one that builds excitement and loyalty.Practical implicationsIn the case of both Intuit's Quickbooks and Canon's Mark II camera, customer segments outside of the intended target revealed surprising market opportunities.Originality/valueThe author offers a matrix for identifying four tactical responses managers have for harnessing surprise: Seek & Shape, Prepare & Pivot, Catch & Capitalize, and React & Respond.
Exploring public sector managers' preferences for attracting consultants or academics as external experts
Authors: van Helden Jan , Grönlund Anders , Mussari Riccardo , Ruggiero Pasquale 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the reasons why public sector managers approach either consultants or academics for their help in solving problems related to public sector accounting and management reforms.Design/methodology/approachA field study based on reactions to real‐life constructs and answers to questions about the experiences of public sector managers in Italian, Dutch and Swedish central government agencies.FindingsPublic sector managers approach consultants, due to their experience‐based knowledge, for solving well‐defined practical and technical problems. In the case of tacit knowledge, a strong interaction between the public sector manager and the consultant, denoted as socialization, is the typical way of knowledge transfer. In accordance with expectations, public sector managers approach academics for advice regarding value‐laden problems in their organization. However, academics also give advice about practical and technical issues, usually being the primary domain of consultants, but often when impartial advice is required. Although the authors expected academics to transfer knowledge rather detached from their clients (interiorization), this was not corroborated, because often academics work closely with their counterparts in the client organization.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical framework was helpful in explaining the role of consultants, but it required refinement in explaining the role of academics as external experts.Practical implicationsThe paper contributes to a better articulated set of preferences of public sector managers in asking advice from either a consultant or an academic.Originality/valueThe paper offers a simultaneous and systematic empirical examination of the roles that consultants and academics play in public sector management and accounting reforms.