bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nudging Consumers toward Better Food Choices: Policy Approaches to Changing Food Consumption Behaviors
Authors: Guthrie Joanne , Mancino Lisa , Lin Chung‐Tung Jordan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe high prevalence of obesity and its associated illnesses, such as cancer, heart disease and diabetes, has sparked interest in finding ways to encourage consumers to make healthier food choices. At the public level, providing information about why and how to choose a healthy diet has been the typical approach to encouraging behavioral change. Information can also influence food producers and marketers to develop and promote more healthful products, creating an environment in which it is easier for consumers to make healthier dietary choices. Nevertheless, information may not always be effective in improving food choices. One explanation is that nutrition information is complex and difficult to convey in a clear, actionable manner. Also, knowledge, while necessary, may not be sufficient to motivate behavior change. Even when consumers understand nutrition information, competing preferences for tastier, less expensive, or more convenient foods may lead them to make other choices. Findings from psychology, marketing, and behavioral economics research suggest approaches that may enhance the effectiveness of informational approaches and complement informational efforts. More research is needed to further develop these strategies and evaluate their effectiveness.
The Role of Perceived Variability and the Health Halo Effect in Nutritional Inference and Consumption
Authors: Sundar Aparna , Kardes Frank R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWhen information is missing or unknown, consumers often form nutritional inferences based on perceived attribute variability across brands. Four experiments show that less favorable nutritional inferences are formed when perceived attribute variability is high as opposed to low. This effect occurs when two attributes differing in perceived variability are presented or when the attribute is held constant and perceived variability is manipulated through priming. However, this effect is reduced when a health halo label is present as opposed to absent. Furthermore, the presence of a health halo label increases the amount of a product that is actually consumed when perceived attribute variability is high (vs. low) and when consumers learn from experience. Together, the results suggest that perceived attribute variability and the health halo effect jointly influence inference and behavior.
Protein and genetic diagnosis of limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A: The yield and the pitfalls
Authors: Fanin Marina , Angelini Corrado 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTLimb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is the most frequent form of LGMD worldwide. Comprehensive clinical assessment and laboratory testing is essential for diagnosis of LGMD2A. Muscle immunoblot analysis of calpain‐3 is the most useful tool to direct genetic testing, as detection of calpain‐3 deficiency has high diagnostic value. However, calpain‐3 immunoblot testing lacks sensitivity in about 30% of cases due to gene mutations that inactivate the enzyme. The best diagnostic strategy should be determined on a case‐by‐case basis, depending on which tissues are available, and which molecular and/or genetic methods are adopted. In this work we survey the current knowledge, advantages, limitations, and pitfalls of protein testing and mutation detection in LGMD2A and provide an update of genetic epidemiology. Muscle Nerve 52: 163–173, 2015
The course and outcome of pregnancy in women with nondystrophic myotonias
Authors: Snyder Yuliya , Donlin‐Smith Colleen , Snyder Eric , Pressman Eva , Ciafaloni Emma 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionNondystrophic myotonias (NDM) are muscle channelopathies characterized by clinical and electrical myotonia. Little is known about pregnancy in NDM. The aim of this work was to assess pregnancy outcomes in women with NDM.MethodsIn this investigation, we utilized a cross‐sectional approach and obtained questionnaire data and medical record review information. Pregnancy outcomes were compared with U.S. national data.ResultsTwenty‐five women completed the study. There were 63 pregnancies with 53 live births, 8 miscarriages, 4 terminations, and 1 stillbirth. The infertility rate was 28% (above the U.S. average). Fetal distress was reported in 11.7% (U.S. average 3.6%) of the patients. NDM symptoms worsened in 62% of pregnancies. In those who worsened, symptoms usually resolved completely (66%) or partially (32%) after delivery in 2 days to 12 months, the majority (76%) within 3 months.ConclusionsMost pregnancy outcomes were favorable. NDM worsened in nearly two‐thirds of pregnancies, but usually improved shortly after delivery. Incidences of infertility and fetal distress were higher than overall U.S. rates. Muscle Nerve 52: 1013–1015, 2015
Camptocormia as presenting manifestation of a spectrum of myopathic disorders
Authors: Ghosh Partha S. , Milone Margherita 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Camptocormia is the involuntary flexion of the thoracolumbar spine leading to an abnormal posture. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients with myopathy who manifested with camptocormia and were seen in our neuromuscular clinic. The diagnosis of myopathy was based on myopathic electromyographic changes, often accompanied by 1 or more of the following: elevated creatine kinase (CK); myopathic histopathological findings; and genetic confirmation. Results: Fifty‐two patients were identified; 35 had symptoms limited to camptocormia, but were found to have additional weakness of facial (8 patients), neck (11 patients), and limb muscles (17 patients). CK values were normal or mildly to moderately elevated. MRI/CT of the spine showed paraspinal muscle atrophy and fat replacement. Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and sporadic inclusion body myositis were the most commonly identified myopathies in this cohort. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty in characterizing the myopathy in patients with camptocormia, a definitive diagnosis was possible in 54% of cases. The pattern of associated extra‐axial weakness may provide clues to the diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 52: 1008–1012, 2015
An improved implicit numerical integration of a non‐associated, three‐invariant cap plasticity model with mixed isotropic–kinematic hardening for geomaterials
Authors: Motamedi M. H. , Foster C. D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe Sandia GeoModel is a continuum elastoplastic constitutive model that captures many features of the mechanical response for geological materials over a wide range of porosities and strain rates. Among the specific features incorporated into the formulation are a smooth compression cap, isotropic/kinematic hardening, nonlinear pressure dependence, strength differential effect, and rate sensitivity. This study attempts to provide enhancements regarding computational tractability, domain of applicability, and robustness of the model. A new functional form is presented for the yield and plastic potential functions. This reformulation renders a more accurate, robust, and efficient model as it eliminates spurious solutions attributed to the original form. In addition, we achieve a high‐performance implementation, because the local iterative method is allowed to recast residual vectors with a uniform dimensionality. The model is also furnished with a smooth, elliptical tension cap to account for the tensile yielding. Moreover, an efficient algorithm is introduced, which decreases the computational cost by differentiating the updated shear yield surface from the cap surface based on the trial relative stress state. Finally, various numerical examples including a large‐scale boundary value problem are presented to demonstrate the fidelity of the modified model and to analyze its numerical performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Minimal surface computation using a finite element method on an embedded surface
Authors: Cenanovic Mirza , Hansbo Peter , Larson Mats G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe suggest a finite element method for finding minimal surfaces based on computing a discrete Laplace–Beltrami operator operating on the coordinates of the surface. The surface is a discrete representation of the zero level set of a distance function using linear tetrahedral finite elements, and the finite element discretization is carried out on the piecewise planar isosurface using the shape functions from the background three‐dimensional mesh used to represent the distance function. A recently suggested stabilized scheme for finite element approximation of the mean curvature vector is a crucial component of the method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A benign initiating system for cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether: Silver salt/aryl(alkyl) halide/lewis base
Authors: Lin Li , Zhang Guangyou , Kodama Koichi , Yasutake Mikio , Hirose Takuji 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAryl(alkyl) halides and silver salts were studied as environmentally benign initiating systems for cationic polymerization of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE). The reactivity of the benzyl cations could be effectively controlled by using dimethyl sulfide (Me2S) as an additive, which was shown to be an effective Lewis base (LB), and diethyl ether as a reaction solvent. Detailed study of various benzyl cations and the order of addition of the reagents revealed that the reaction was controlled by the electronic and steric features of aryl(alkyl) halides, LBs, and IBVE, and a plausible reaction mechanism was presented. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2050–2058
Study of the synthesis of self‐ assembled tin disulfide nanoparticles prepared by a low‐cost process
Authors: Méndez‐López Arturo , Morales‐Acevedo Arturo , Acosta‐Silva Yuliana de Jesús , Katagiri Hironori , Matsumoto Yasuhiro , Zelaya‐Angel Orlando , Ortega‐López Mauricio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOleylamine‐capped tin disulfide nanoparticles were prepared by the hot‐injection method using tin (II) chloride (SnCl2.5H2O) and thioacetamide as tin (II) and sulfur precursors, respectively. The as‐prepared nanoparticles were rinsed with ethanol or toluene, and their structural and morphological were assessed by X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained nanoparticles were single‐phase SnS2 with hexagonal structure. These nanoparticles self‐assembled to produce spherical 40‐50 nm nanostructures after ethanol evaporation, whilst rhombohedral‐shaped nanostructures or round‐edge nanoribbons were produced after the toluene evaporation. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of surface treatment of CZTS absorber layer by ammonia solution
Authors: Miyazaki H. , Aono M. , Kishimura H. , Katagiri H. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this work, we investigated the effect of surface treatment of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films using ammonia solution. CZTS thin films were prepared by RF sputtering using single CZTS target with sulfurization process. In order to study the effect of surface treatment using ammonia solution, solution temperature was varied. Structural properties of the samples are almost same with and without ammonia surface treatment measured by XRD and Raman spectroscopy. From the measurement of the chemical composition, the Zn is dissolved by ammonia solution. In addition, the removal rate of oxygen and sodium is different between deionised water and ammonia solution. Ammonia could have prevented their removal from the surface to solution. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The inversion of aragonite to calcite during the sampling of skeletal archives: Implications for proxy interpretation
Authors: Waite Amanda J. , Swart Peter K. 
Published: April 2015

RationaleUnderstanding changes in Earth's oceans and climate requires the reliable application of paleo‐proxies. However, inconsistencies between individual δ18O records within biogenic specimens commonly have significant impacts on environmental reconstructions. This study addresses the stable isotope variability associated with sample milling from aragonitic organisms commonly used for paleoclimate studies.MethodsAragonite samples were hand‐ground and milled from sclerosponge, coral, and mollusc specimens using a computerized micromill. An X‐ray diffractometer was used to analyze sample mineralogy prior to measurement of δ18O and δ13C values via isotope ratio mass spectrometry of CO2 gases provided from the samples by a Kiel III device. Possible influences on the Sr/Ca ratios were assessed on a sclerosponge through paired elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry.ResultsAnalyses revealed up to 36% inversion to calcite in milled samples that correlated with a decrease in the δ18O value of 0.02 ‰ per 1% inversion. Replicate sclerosponge transects yielded similar trends in δ13C values and Sr/Ca ratios, although the δ18O values showed irregular variations consistent with those measured for the inversion of individual organisms during milling.ConclusionsWhile the δ13C values and Sr/Ca ratios of milled samples were largely consistent, the δ18O values co‐varied with the inversion of aragonite to calcite suggesting significant implications for the resulting temperature and salinity reconstructions from aragonitic archives. The effect appears to be density‐driven and, given that the skeletal density tends to vary seasonally in organisms such as corals, would subsequently mask temperature‐induced changes in skeletal δ18O values. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Polar Organic Solvents on Self‐Aggregation of Some Cationic Monomeric and Dimeric Surfactants
Authors: Sinha Srishti , Tikariha Deepti , Lakra Jyotsna , Tiwari Amit K. , Saha Subit K. , Ghosh Kallol K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSurface and micellization behavior of some cationic monomeric surfactants, viz., cetyldiethylethanolammonium bromide (CDEEAB), cetyldimethylethanolammonium bromide (CDMEAB), tetradecyldiethylethanolammonium bromide (TDEEAB) and dimeric surfactants, i.e., alkanediyl‐α, ω‐bis(dimethylhexadecylammonium bromide) (C16‐s‐C16, 2Br− where s = 4, 12), butanediyl‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide (C12‐4‐C12, 2Br−) and 2‐butanol‐1,4‐bis(dimethyldodecylammonium bromide) (C12‐4(OH)‐C12, 2Br−), was studied in water‐organic solvents [10 and 20 % v/v ethylene glycol (EG) and diethylene glycol (DEG)] by conductivity, surface tension and steady‐state fluorescence methods at 300 K. The main focus of the present work is on the study of the effect of organic solvents on the critical micelle concentration (CMC), Gibbs free energy of micellization (ΔG°m), Gibbs free energy of transfer (ΔG°trans), Gibbs adsorption energy (ΔG°ads) and some interfacial parameters such as the surface excess concentration (Γmax), minimum area per surfactant molecule (Amin) and surface pressure (πCMC). The aggregation number (Nagg) and Stern‐Volmer quenching constant (KSV) were also determined by the steady‐state fluorescence method. It was observed that Nagg decreased with increasing volume percent of organic solvent. The results exhibited an increase in CMC in water‐organic solvents as compared to the respective surfactants in pure water. The negative values of ΔG°m and ΔG°ads indicate a spontaneous micellization process. The thermodynamics of micellization revealed that the micellization‐reducing efficiency of glycols increases with the concentration and the number of ethereal oxygens in the glycol.
Viscometric Study of the Inclusion Complex Between β‐Cyclodextrin and HTAC in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Chen Xiaoming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe inclusion complex formed by β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAC) was studied by viscometry using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–HTAC aggregates as a viscosity indicator. The relative viscosity of β‐CD in aqueous PEO–HTAC solution profiles shows that the formation of the β‐CD/HTAC inclusion complex causes HTAC molecules to be stripped off the PEO chains, resulting in a decrease of aqueous solution viscosity as a result of the decrease in electrostatic repulsion between polymer‐bound HTAC micelles. The viscosity minimum at Cβ‐CD/CHTAC = 0.5 indicates that the molecular ratio of host molecule to guest molecule is 1:2 in the β‐CD/HTAC inclusion complex.
Interesterification of Soybean Oil and Methyl Stearate Catalyzed by Guanidine‐Functionalized SBA‐15 Silica
Authors: Xie Wenlei , Yang Xinli , Zang Xuezhen 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to develop a heterogeneous interesterification catalyst for the modification of edible oils to enhance their physicochemical and functional performances. To achieve this, 1,3‐dicyclohexyl‐2‐octylguanidine was covalently immobilized on the SBA‐15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous 15) material and then used as solid catalysts for the interesterification between soybean oil and methyl stearate. The characterization of the guanidine‐functionalized SBA‐15 material included Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption techniques. It was shown that the solid base catalyst could efficiently catalyze the interesterification reaction. After the interesterification, the fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol compositions of interesterified products were substantially varied. The influence of interesterification parameters, such as the substrate ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature and catalyst loading, on the interesterification reaction was investigated regarding the percentage of stearic acid in interesterified triacylglycerols. The stearic acid percentage of 27.9 % was achieved at 100 °C within 4 h when the methyl stearate/soybean oil molar ratio of 6:1 was employed. The catalyst could be recovered easily by filtration and reused without significant loss of activity.
Florbetaben PET imaging to detect amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer's disease: Phase 3 study
Authors: Sabri Osama , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Seibyl John , Barthel Henryk , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Ouchi Yasuomi , Senda Kohei , Murayama Shigeo , Ishii Kenji , Takao Masaki , Beach Thomas G. , Rowe Christopher C. , Leverenz James B. , Ghetti Bernardino , Ironside James W. , Catafau Ana M. , Stephens Andrew W. , Mueller Andre , Koglin Norman , Hoffmann Anja , Roth Katrin , Reininger Cornelia , Schulz‐Schaeffer Walter J. ,   Florbetaben Phase 3 Study Group
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundEvaluation of brain β‐amyloid by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can assist in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.MethodsOpen‐label, nonrandomized, multicenter, phase 3 study to validate the 18F‐labeled β‐amyloid tracer florbetaben by comparing in vivo PET imaging with post‐mortem histopathology.ResultsBrain images and tissue from 74 deceased subjects (of 216 trial participants) were analyzed. Forty‐six of 47 neuritic β‐amyloid‐positive cases were read as PET positive, and 24 of 27 neuritic β‐amyloid plaque‐negative cases were read as PET negative (sensitivity 97.9% [95% confidence interval or CI 93.8–100%], specificity 88.9% [95% CI 77.0–100%]). In a subgroup, a regional tissue‐scan matched analysis was performed. In areas known to strongly accumulate β‐amyloid plaques, sensitivity and specificity were 82% to 90%, and 86% to 95%, respectively.ConclusionsFlorbetaben PET shows high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of histopathology‐confirmed neuritic β‐amyloid plaques and may thus be a valuable adjunct to clinical diagnosis, particularly for the exclusion of AD.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01020838.
The gene mutation in a Taiwanese family with X‐linked retinoschisis
Authors: Huang Chin‐Te , Chen Shee‐Ping , Tsai Rong‐Kung 
Published: April 2015

AbstractX‐linked retinoschisis (XLRS) is one of the leading causes of macular degeneration in male children. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics of a Taiwanese family with X‐linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and to investigate the genetic mutation in the retinoschisin 1 (RS1) gene. A total of four participants in this XLRS family were analyzed. Complete ophthalmic examinations were performed, including best corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and electroretinogram (ERG). Direct DNA sequence of the RS1 gene identified one affected male and one female carrier. The affected male, had a cartwheel‐like macular appearance and abnormal retinal pigment epithelium pigmentation in his bilateral eyes. The mixed scotopic ERG b‐wave was more reduced than a‐wave. OCT revealed typical macular microcystic schisis cavities. Direct DNA sequence analysis revealed a single base pair substitution in Exon 4, 304C > T, resulting in Arg102Trp. Our results show a RS1 (304C > T) mutation in a Taiwanese family with XLRS. This finding expands the clinical profiles of RS1 mutation and may help to further understand its pathogenesis.
Cardinal Wolsey and Cambridge
Authors: Wabuda Susan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCardinal Thomas Wolsey has seldom been associated with the University of Cambridge. But in a little-known episode, he was invited to follow John Fisher as chancellor of the University of Cambridge in 1514. Although Wolsey declined, his willingness to protect Cambridge’s evangelicals, even after he burned Martin Luther’s books in 1521, has been an overlooked phase in the history of the university and in the Reformation in England.
Canadian Expert Panel Recommendations for MRI Use in MS Diagnosis and Monitoring
Authors: Traboulsee Anthony , Létourneau-Guillon Laurent , Freedman Mark Steven , O’Connor Paul W. , Bharatha Aditya , Chakraborty Santanu , Girard J. Marc , Giuliani Fabrizio , Lysack John T. , Marriott James J. , Metz Luanne M. , Morrow Sarah A. , Oh Jiwon , Sharma Manas , Vandorpe Robert A. , Vertinsky Talia Alexandra , Wadhwa Vikram S. , von Riedemann Sarah , Li David K.B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackground: A definitive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), as distinct from a clinically isolated syndrome, requires one of two conditions: a second clinical attack or particular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings as defined by the McDonald criteria. MRI is also important after a diagnosis is made as a means of monitoring subclinical disease activity. While a standardized protocol for diagnostic and follow-up MRI has been developed by the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centres, acceptance and implementation in Canada have been suboptimal.Methods: To improve diagnosis, monitoring, and management of a clinically isolated syndrome and MS, a Canadian expert panel created consensus recommendations about the appropriate application of the 2010 McDonald criteria in routine practice, strategies to improve adherence to the standardized Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centres MRI protocol, and methods for ensuring effective communication among health care practitioners, in particular referring physicians, neurologists, and radiologists.Results: This article presents eight consensus statements developed by the expert panel, along with the rationale underlying the recommendations and commentaries on how to prioritize resource use within the Canadian healthcare system.Conclusions: The expert panel calls on neurologists and radiologists in Canada to incorporate the McDonald criteria, the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centres MRI protocol, and other guidance given in this consensus presentation into their practices. By improving communication and general awareness of best practices for MRI use in MS diagnosis and monitoring, we can improve patient care across Canada by providing timely diagnosis, informed management decisions, and better continuity of care.