bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ambivalent attitudes toward life and death and suicide ideation among adolescents—The mediating role of depression
Authors: Toukhy N. , Raviv B. , Haruvi‐Catalan L. , Fennig S. , Barzilay S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAmbivalence in attitudes towards life and death are associated with suicide ideation (SI) among adolescents. However, previous research was mainly cross‐sectional and did not examine through which psychopathological mechanisms (such as depression) attitudes towards life and death are associated with SI.ObjectiveThe current longitudinal study examined the mediating role of depression at follow‐up in the association between attitudes towards life and death at baseline and SI at follow‐up among at‐risk adolescents referred to an outpatient psychiatric clinic.Methods129 adolescents aged 10–18 years (75.2% females) with a history of suicidal thoughts and behaviors were assessed at clinic intake and 1 month follow‐up (80% retention rate at follow‐up). All participants completed a questionnaire assessing attitudes towards life and death and SI severity at clinic intake, and depression and SI severity at 1 month follow‐up.ResultsWhile controlling for SI severity at intake, attraction towards life at baseline, rather than attraction and repulsion towards death at baseline, led to higher SI severity at follow‐up, while depression at follow‐up fully mediated this association.ConclusionsAttitudes towards life, as well as depression play critical roles in the development of SI among adolescents. Interventions targeting reasons for living and promoting meaning of life may be beneficial in preventing depression and SI.
Multidimensional effects of history, neighborhood, and proximity on urban land growth: A dynamic spatiotemporal rolling prediction model (STRM)
Authors: Ren Yingjian , Yang Jianxin , Shen Yang , Wang Lizhou , Zhang Zhong , Zhao Zibo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate prediction of future urban land demand is essential for effective urban management and planning. However, existing studies often focus on predicting total demand within an administrative region, neglecting the spatiotemporal heterogeneities and interrelationships within its subregions, such as grids. This study introduces a dynamic spatiotemporal rolling prediction model (STRM) that integrates historical trends, neighborhood status, and spatial proximity for spatially explicit prediction of urban land demand at a grid level within an administrative region. STRM leverages historical urban land demand and proximity information from neighborhood grids to predict future demand of the foci grid. By integrating history and neighborhood information into a deep forest model, STRM provides an approach for rolling predictions of grid‐level urban land demand. Parameter sensitivity and structural sensitivity analyses of STRM reveal the impact of historical lags, neighborhood size, and spatial proximity on urban land demand predictions. Application of STRM in Wuhan demonstrated the performance of STRM over a 17‐year period (2000–2017), with an average adjusted R2 of 0.89, outperforming other urban land demand prediction models. By predicting demand on a year‐by‐year basis, STRM effectively captures spatiotemporal heterogeneity and enhances the resolution of urban land demand prediction. STRM represents a shift from static macroscopic to dynamic microscopic prediction of urban land demand, offering valuable insights for future urban development and planning decisions.
Posttranscriptional tuning of gene expression over a large dynamic range in synthetic tobacco chloroplast operons
Authors: Yu Qiguo , Tungsuchat‐Huang Tarinee , Ioannou Alexander , Barkan Alice , Maliga Pal 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYAchieving optimally balanced gene expression within synthetic operons requires regulatory elements capable of providing a spectrum of expression levels. In this study, we investigate the expression of gfp reporter gene in tobacco chloroplasts, guided by variants of the plastid atpH 5′ UTR, which harbors a binding site for PPR10, a protein that activates atpH at the posttranscriptional level. Our findings reveal that endogenous tobacco PPR10 confers distinct levels of reporter activation when coupled with the tobacco and maize atpH 5′ UTRs in different design contexts. Notably, high GFP expression was not coupled to the stabilization of monocistronic gfp transcripts in dicistronic reporter lines, adding to the evidence that PPR10 activates translation via a mechanism that is independent of its stabilization of monocistronic transcripts. Furthermore, the incorporation of a tRNA upstream of the UTR nearly abolishes gfp mRNA (and GFP protein), presumably by promoting such rapid RNA cleavage and 5′ exonucleolytic degradation that PPR10 had insufficient time to bind and protect gfp RNA, resulting in a substantial reduction in GFP accumulation. When combined with a mutant atpH 5′ UTR, the tRNA leads to an exceptionally low level of transgene expression. Collectively, this approach allows for tuning of reporter gene expression across a wide range, spanning from a mere 0.02–25% of the total soluble cellular protein. These findings highlight the potential of employing cis‐elements from heterologous species and expand the toolbox available for plastid synthetic biology applications requiring multigene expression at varying levels.
Cheaper and faster: The role of air services agreements on transportation
Authors: Emlinger Charlotte , Guillin Amelie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRules of international air transportation services that apply to signatories' airlines are defined by air services agreements (ASAs). We assess the impact of bilateral ASAs on air transportation using an unique data set providing direct observations of bilateral air transport cost and time for a standardised good, for 1190 country‐pairs, between 2011 and 2015. Our results show that ASAs reduce transportation cost by 8% while they only impact transportation time for landlocked countries and Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) members. Our estimates also reveal that bilateral trade decreases cost of transport, which highlights the role of backhauling in air transportation.
Mitigating skeletal muscle wasting in unloading and augmenting subsequent recovery
Authors: Michel J. Max , Hettinger Zachary , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Egan Brendan , Roberts Michael D. , Ferrando Arny A. , Graham Zachary A. , Bamman Marcas M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle wasting is the hallmark pathophysiological adaptation to unloading or disuse that demonstrates the dependency on frequent mechanical stimulation (e.g. muscle activation and subsequent loading) for homeostasis of normally load‐bearing muscles. In the absence of mitigation strategies, no mammalian organism is resistant to muscle atrophy driven by unloading. Given the profound impact of unloading‐induced muscle wasting on physical capacity, metabolic health and immune function; mitigation strategies during unloading and/or augmentation approaches during recovery have broad healthcare implications in settings of bed‐bound hospitalization, cast immobilization and spaceflight. This topical review aims to: (1) provide a succinct, state‐of‐the‐field summary of seminal and recent findings regarding the mechanisms of unloading‐induced skeletal muscle wasting; (2) discuss unsuccessful vs. promising mitigation and recovery augmentation strategies; and (3) identify knowledge gaps ripe for future research. We focus on the rapid muscle atrophy driven by relatively short‐term mechanical unloading/disuse, which is in many ways mechanistically distinct from both hypermetabolic muscle wasting and denervation‐induced muscle atrophy. By restricting this discussion to mechanical unloading during which all components of the nervous system remain intact (e.g. without denervation models), mechanical loading requiring motor and sensory neural circuits in muscle remain viable targets for both mitigation and recovery augmentation. We emphasize findings in humans with comparative discussions of studies in rodents which enable elaboration of key mechanisms. We also discuss what is currently known about the effects of age and sex as biological factors, and both are highlighted as knowledge gaps and novel future directions due to limited research.
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Morphological and molecular characteristics of Austroglycyphagus geniculatus (Acari: Glycyphagidae)
Authors: Tu Huanxin , Shuai Yujun , Chang Qingquan , Ren Zhili , Xu Yueye , Xu Jingang , Guo Junjie , Li Yuanyuan , Sun Entao , Zhao Jinhong 
Published: July 2024

In this study, we aimed to describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Austroglycyphagus geniculatus (Acari: Glycyphagidae) breeding in fodder. Flour and corn-crushed fodder samples were collected from a small fodder processing mill in Wuhu, Anhui province, China. The detection rate of A. geniculatus was 100% in six samples, and the breeding density was 1.44 mites/g. Under an optical microscope, we observed that the mite body was oval and small in size. The epidermis of the mite was coated with fine particles. We found two obvious, large, and red lateral ventral glands on either side of hysterosoma. The gene sequences for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (COX 1) of A. geniculatus were amplified and uploaded to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detailed description of the morphological and molecular characteristics of A. geniculatus. The results of phylogenetic relationships obtained from the ITS and COX 1 support the classification statuses of A. geniculatus to the family Glycyphagidae based on the morphological classification. Our study provides morphological and molecular data for inferring phylogenetic relationship of A. geniculatus.
Five new species of Pavania (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae) associated with Scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Neotropical and Afrotropical realms&nbsp;
Authors: Khaustov Alexander , Frolov Andrey 
Published: July 2024

Five new species of Pavania (Acari: Heterostigmata: Dolichocybidae) phoretic on scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are described: P. eurysternophila sp. nov. collected on Eurysternus cyclops and E. caribaeus in French Guiana and Brazil; P. tenuiseta sp. nov. on Canthon sp. in French Guiana; P. nicaraguaiensis sp. nov. on Canthon deyrollei in Nicaragua; P. brevisetosa sp. nov. on Canthon humectus in Mexico; and P. lancetosetosa sp. nov. on Scarabaeus rugosus in South Africa. An updated key to species of the genus Pavania is provided. The family Dolichocybidae is reported from the Nicaragua and Mexico for the first time.
Experimental uncoupling of hosts and endosymbionts
Authors: Feng Honglin , Wilson Alex C. C. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Many organisms harbor heritable bacterial symbionts that offer context-specific benefits to their hosts. In some of these symbioses, symbionts live inside host cells as endosymbionts. Studying the biology of endosymbiosis is challenging because it is hard to independently cultivate hosts and endosymbionts. A recent study, using a simple defined growth medium at ambient temperature, established an axenic culture of the pea aphid’s heritable bacterial endosymbiont,
Candidatus
Fukatsuia symbiotica (G. P. Maeda, M. K. Kelly, A. Sundar, and N. A. Moran, mBio 15:e03253-23, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03253-23
). Notably, the monoculture was capable of host recolonization, was stably transmitted, and returned similar host phenotypes to those observed in native infections. This advance in uncoupling the cultivation of an endosymbiont and its host opens avenues for genetic manipulation of the endosymbiont that will facilitate hypothesis-driven work to explore the mechanisms of host-endosymbiont biology and potentially facilitate the development of symbiont-mediated practical-application biotechnologies.
Atosiban versus placebo in the treatment of threatened preterm birth between 30 and 34 weeks gestation: study protocol of the 4-year APOSTEL 8 follow-up
Authors: van der Windt Larissa , Klumper Job , van Limburg Stirum Emilie V J , van 't Hooft Janneke , van Wely Madelon , van Wassenaer-Leemhuis Aleid G , Pajkrt Eva , Oudijk Martijn A 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCurrently, the majority of women worldwide with threatened preterm birth are treated with tocolytics. Although tocolytics can effectively delay birth for 48 hours, no tocolytic drug has convincingly been shown to improve neonatal outcomes and effects on long-term child development are unknown. The aim of this follow-up study of a placebo controlled randomised trial is to investigate the long-term effects of atosiban administration in case of threatened preterm birth on child’s neurodevelopment and behaviour development, overall health and mortality.Methods and analysisThis protocol concerns a follow-up study of the multicentre randomised double-blind placebo controlled APOSTEL 8 trial (NL61439.018.17, EudraCT-number 2017-001007-72). In this trial, women with threatened preterm birth (between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation) defined as uterine contractions with (1) a cervical length of <15 mm or (2) a cervical length of 15–30 mm and a positive fibronectin test or (3) in centres where cervical length measurement is not part of the local protocol: a positive fibronectin test or Actim-Partus test or (4) ruptured membranes, are randomised to atosiban or placebo for 48 hours. The primary outcome is a composite of perinatal mortality and severe neonatal morbidity. Children born to mothers who participated in the APOSTEL 8 study (n=760) will be eligible for follow-up at 4 years of corrected age and assessed using four parent-reported questionnaires. Primary outcomes are neurodevelopment and behaviour problems. Secondary outcomes are on child growth and general health. All outcomes will be compared between the atosiban and placebo group with OR and corresponding 95% CI. Analyses will be performed using the intention-to-treat approach.Ethics and disseminationThe Medical Research Ethics Committee from Amsterdam UMC confirmed that de Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (Dutch WMO-law) did not apply to our study (W21_386 # 21.431). Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders and participants. This protocol is published before analysis of the results.
Burnout among care workers in long-term care institutions: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Su Yinhua , Zhao Ling , Yu Juping , Chen Xia , Tan E , Liu Hui , Xie Xiaoping , Liu Fen 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionCare workers play a fundamental role in delivering care services in long-term care institutions. Burnout has been found to have a negative impact on care recipients and organisations providing care. Little is known about the key factors associated with care workers’ burnout. This systematic review aims to explore the prevalence, severity and correlates of burnout among care workers before and during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisA five-stage framework outlined by Whittemore and Knafl will be used. The following databases will be used to identify relevant literature, including Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science. RevMan will be used to assist the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of the included studies will be tested using theI2test.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required as this study only involves secondary data analysis. The findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024499178.
Acute Achilles tendon ruptures between 2002–2021: sustained increased incidence, surgical decline and prolonged delay to surgery—a nationwide study of 53 688 ruptures in Sweden
Authors: Svedman Simon , Marcano Alejandro , Ackermann Paul W , Felländer-Tsai Li , Berg Hans Erik 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionGiven the lack of consensus on optimal treatment strategies for acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR), understanding temporal trends, treatment choice and demographic characteristics is important. Previous research suggests increasing incidence with declining surgical treatment. Current trends in Sweden are not known.Hypothesis/purposeTo assess how incidence rates, treatment trends and time from injury to surgery (TTS) of ATR have changed between 2002 and 2021 in Sweden, with particular attention to changes since 2012.Study designDescriptive epidemiology study.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide register-based study including all inpatients and outpatients ≥18 years of age with an ATR between 2002 and 2021 in Sweden.Results53 688 ATRs (78.5% men) were identified during the study period. 15 045 patients (81.5% men) were surgically treated within 30 days. The long-term incidence rate for ATR injury increased by 45%, from 28.8 in 2002 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p<0.0001). In the last 5 years of the study, there was a significant, continuing increase in ATR incidence by 21%, from 34.4 in 2017 to 41.7 in 2021 per 100 000 person-years (p<0.0001). The surgical incidence rates decreased from 13.4 to 6.0 per 100 000 person-years (p<0.0001). TTS increased from 0.6 days in 2002 to 5.1 in 2021 (p<0.0001).ConclusionThe observed increase in incidence rates and decrease in surgical treatment of ATR emphasise the need for evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation protocols for non-operated patients of all ages. A significant increase in time from injury to surgery was observed throughout the study period.
Generation of non-genetically modified, CAR-like, NK cells
Authors: Coënon Loïs , Rigal Emilie , Courot Hortense , Multrier Caroline , Zemiti Sara , Lambour Jennifer , Pugnière Martine , de Toledo Marion , Bossis Guillaume , Cartron Guillaume , Robert Bruno , Martineau Pierre , Fauvel Bénédicte , Presumey Jessy , Villalba Martin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundNatural killer (NK) cell therapy is considered an attractive and safe strategy for anticancer therapy. Nevertheless, when autologous or allogenic NK cells are used alone, the clinical benefit has been disappointing. This is partially due to the lack of target specificity. Recently, CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells have proven to be safe and potent in patients with B-cell tumors. However, the generation of CAR-NK cells is a complicated manufacturing process. We aim at developing a targeted NK cell therapy without the need for cellular genetic modifications. We took advantage of the natural expression of the IgG Fc receptor CD16a (FcγRIIIa) to induce strong antigen-specific effector functions through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We have generated the new technology “Pin”, which enables the arming of modified monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) onto the CD16a of ex vivo expanded NK (eNK) cells.MethodsEx vivo eNK were prepared from umbilical cord blood cells and expanded using interleukin (IL)-2/IL-15 and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-lymphoblastoid feeder cells. mAbs were engineered with four substitutions called Pin mutations to increase their affinity to CD16a. eNK were incubated with anti-CD20 or anti-CD19 Pin-mAbs to generate “armed” eNK and were used to assess effector functions in vitro on cancer cell lines, lymphoma patient cells and in vivo.ResultsCD16a/Pin-mAb interaction is stable for several days and Pin-mAb eNK inherit the mAb specificity and exclusively induce ADCC against targets expressing the cognate antigen. Hence, Pin-mAbs confer long-term selectivity to eNK, which allows specific elimination of the target cells in several in vivo mouse models. Finally, we showed that it is possible to arm eNK with at least two Pin-mAbs simultaneously, to increase efficacy against heterogenous cancer cell populations.ConclusionsThe Pin technology provides an off-the-shelf NK cell therapy platform to generate CAR-like NK cells, without genetic modifications, that easily target multiple tumor antigens.
Study on lateral stability of distributed drive electric tractor semi-trailers under low adhesion road conditions
Authors: Gao Wei , Liao Yuang , Deng Zhaowen , Zhao Youqun , Wang Baohua 
Published: July 2024

To improve the lateral stability of tractor-semitrailer under low adhesion road surface, a direct yaw torque control strategy considering longitudinal speed control was proposed based on distributed electric drive technology. A hierarchical control strategy was designed, with the upper layer using a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller to calculate the yaw moment. To distribute the longitudinal force and additional yaw moment, the torque distribution method was adopted based on quadratic programming in the lower controller. The co-simulation was conducted by Trucksim and Matlab/Simulink under the conditions of single lane change (SLC) of 110 km/h and double lane change (DLC) of 70 km/h. The results indicate that in comparison with the PID controller and the uncontrolled vehicle, the LQR controller improves the lateral stability of the vehicle on the low-adhesion road.
CP asymmetries in τ→KSπντ decays
Authors: Chen Feng-Zhi , Li Xin-Qiang 
Published: July 2024

We present here the CP asymmetries in the decay rate and angular distributions of [Formula: see text] decays in the Standard Model (SM) and beyond (BSM). The CP asymmetries in the SM are induced by the CP violation in [Formula: see text] mixing. To investigate the BSM CP-violating (CPV) effects, a model-independent analysis is performed by using the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT) framework at [Formula: see text] GeV. If one further assumes the BSM physics to stem from above the electroweak scale, the LEFT shall then be matched onto the SM effective field theory (SMEFT), the operators of which contributing to [Formula: see text] decays will also contribute to the neutron electric dipole moment (EDM) and [Formula: see text] mixing. The stringent bounds from the latter suggest that no remarkable CPV effects can be observed in either the decay rate or the angular distributions. The prospects for future measurements of these observables are also mentioned.
A 3D semantic segmentation network for accurate neuronal soma segmentation
Authors: Ma Li , Zhong Qi , Wang Yezi , Yang Xiaoquan , Du Qian 
Published: July 2024

Neuronal soma segmentation plays a crucial role in neuroscience applications. However, the fine structure, such as boundaries, small-volume neuronal somata and fibers, are commonly present in cell images, which pose a challenge for accurate segmentation. In this paper, we propose a 3D semantic segmentation network for neuronal soma segmentation to address this issue. Using an encoding-decoding structure, we introduce a Multi-Scale feature extraction and Adaptive Weighting fusion module (MSAW) after each encoding block. The MSAW module can not only emphasize the fine structures via an upsampling strategy, but also provide pixel-wise weights to measure the importance of the multi-scale features. Additionally, a dynamic convolution instead of normal convolution is employed to better adapt the network to input data with different distributions. The proposed MSAW-based semantic segmentation network (MSAW-Net) was evaluated on three neuronal soma images from mouse brain and one neuronal soma image from macaque brain, demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed method. It achieved an F1 score of 91.8% on Fezf2-2A-CreER dataset, 97.1% on LSL-H2B-GFP dataset, 82.8% on Thy1-EGFP-Mline dataset, and 86.9% on macaque dataset, achieving improvements over the 3D U-Net model by 3.1%, 3.3%, 3.9%, and 2.3%, respectively.