bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical Coherence Tomography, Scanning Laser Polarimetry and Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measurements of Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Fanihagh Farsad , Kremmer Stephan , Anastassiou Gerasimos , Schallenberg Maurice , Steuhl Klaus-Peter , Selbach Michael 
Published: April 2015

Purpose:
To determine the correlations and strength of association between different imaging systems in analyzing the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of glaucoma patients: optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO).

Materials and Methodology:
114 eyes of patients with moderate open angle glaucoma underwent spectral domain OCT (Topcon SD-OCT 2000 and Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT), SLP (GDx VCC and GDx Pro) and CSLO (Heidelberg Retina Tomograph, HRT 3). Correlation coefficients were calculated between the structural parameters yielded by these examinations. The quantitative relationship between the measured RNFL thickness globally and for the four regions (superior, inferior, nasal, temporal) were evaluated with different regression models for all used imaging systems.

Results:

The strongest correlation of RNFL measurements was found between devices using the same technology like GDx VCC and GDx Pro as well as Topcon OCT and Cirrus OCT. In glaucoma patients, the strongest associations (R²) were found between RNFL measurements of the two optical coherence tomography devices Topcon OCT and Cirrus OCT (R² = 0.513) and between GDx VCC and GDx Pro (R² = 0.451). The results of the OCTs and GDX Pro also had a strong quantitative relationship (Topcon OCT R² = 0.339 and Cirrus OCT R² = 0.347).
GDx VCC and the OCTs showed a mild to moderate association (Topcon OCT R² = 0.207 and Cirrus OCT R² = 0.258). The confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT 3) had the lowest association to all other devices (Topcon OCT R² = 0.254, Cirrus OCT R² = 0.158, GDx Pro R² = 0.086 and GDx VCC R² = 0.1).

Conclusion:

The measurements of the RNFL in glaucoma patients reveal a high correlation of OCT and GDx devices because OCTs can measure all major retinal layers and SLP can detect nerve fibers allowing a comparison between the results of this devices. However, CSLO by means of HRT topography can only measure height values of the retinal surface but it cannot distinguish between different retinal layers.
This may explain the rather poor correlations and associations between CSLO measurements and those of all other imaging devices which makes it difficult to compare HRT 3 nerve fiber data.
These correlations are important in clinical routine especially when different techniques are used in the follow-up of glaucoma patients.
Evaluation of a Full‐Scale Water‐Based Scrubber for Removing Siloxanes from Digester Gas: A Case Study
Authors: Surita Sharon C. , Tansel Berrin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Siloxanes are becoming more prominent in digester gas at water resource recovery facilities because of their wide use in personal care products. This study evaluates a full‐scale water‐based scrubber operating in a water resource recovery facility (Miami, FL). The digester gas is used for energy generation due to its high methane content. During energy generation, siloxanes are converted to silicates and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), which leave deposits on engine components. Trimethylsilanol (TMSOH), Octamethyltrisiloxane (L3), Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), and Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6) were detected in the digester gas. D4 and D5 were present at the highest concentrations, 5000 and 1800 μg/m3, respectively. Sampling results have indicated that scrubbers employed for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal at the facility do not provide effective removal of siloxanes due to their high Henry's Constant. Post scrubber treatment is needed to remove siloxanes from the digester gas prior to combustion.
Integrating Health Behavior Theory and Design Elements in Serious Games
Authors: Cheek Colleen , Fleming Theresa , Lucassen Mathijs FG , Bridgman Heather , Stasiak Karolina , Shepherd Matthew , Orpin Peter 
Published: April 2015

Background
Internet interventions for improving health and well-being have the potential to reach many people and fill gaps in service provision. Serious gaming interfaces provide opportunities to optimize user adherence and impact. Health interventions based in theory and evidence and tailored to psychological constructs have been found to be more effective to promote behavior change. Defining the design elements which engage users and help them to meet their goals can contribute to better informed serious games.

Objective
To elucidate design elements important in SPARX, a serious game for adolescents with depression, from a user-centered perspective.

Methods
We proposed a model based on an established theory of health behavior change and practical features of serious game design to organize ideas and rationale. We analyzed data from 5 studies comprising a total of 22 focus groups and 66 semistructured interviews conducted with youth and families in New Zealand and Australia who had viewed or used SPARX. User perceptions of the game were applied to this framework.

Results
A coherent framework was established using the three constructs of self-determination theory (SDT), autonomy, competence, and relatedness, to organize user perceptions and design elements within four areas important in design: computer game, accessibility, working alliance, and learning in immersion. User perceptions mapped well to the framework, which may assist developers in understanding the context of user needs. By mapping these elements against the constructs of SDT, we were able to propose a sound theoretical base for the model.

Conclusions
This study’s method allowed for the articulation of design elements in a serious game from a user-centered perspective within a coherent overarching framework. The framework can be used to deliberately incorporate serious game design elements that support a user’s sense of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, key constructs which have been found to mediate motivation at all stages of the change process. The resulting model introduces promising avenues for future exploration. Involving users in program design remains an imperative if serious games are to be fit for purpose.
Microstructural evolution and grain refinement in an intermetallic titanium aluminide alloy with a high molybdenum content
Authors: Rashkova Boryana , Spiradek-Hahn Krystina , Brabetz Manfred , Zhang Zaoli , Schöberl Thomas , Clemens Helmut , Mayer Svea 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
As a strong β-stabilizing alloying element, Mo has gained importance for intermetallic β/γ-TiAl alloys. In general, TiAl alloys containing a significant volume fraction of the disordered body-centered cubic β-phase exhibit improved processing characteristics during hot-working. To increase the understanding of the alloying effect of Mo, a model alloy with the chemical composition Ti-44Al-7Mo-0.1B (in at.%) was investigated. In this work, the microstructural evolution after individual heat-treatment steps was studied by means of scanning as well as conventional and in-situ transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, macro-hardness and nanoindentation measurements were conducted to study the change in hardness due to grain refinement and solid-solution hardening. The variation of the observed macro- and nano-hardness corresponds well with the microstructural evolution. The obtained grain refinement effect leads to a significant increase in the macro-hardness, whereas the increase in the average nano-hardness of the individual phases is related to solid-solution hardening.
Powder metallurgy of high speed-steel produced by solid state sintering and heat treatment
Authors: Zhang Dan , Li Zhi , Xie Lang , Xiao Yifeng , Yin Fucheng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
High-speed steel is successfully fabricated by solid state sintering of Fe, Co, WC, Mo2C, Cr3C2 and VC powders under vacuum. The sintering density, microstructure, phase structure, hardness, and transverse rupture strength of the specimens are examined. Results show that the density increases with increasing sintering temperature. Nearly full density is obtained without microstructural coarsening in the sintering temperature range of 1190–1210°C. The optimum sintering temperature for the steel is 1200°C. The suitable quenching temperatures range from 1200 to 1240°C. After heat treatments, the microstructure consists of a martensitic matrix (grain size ≈5 μm) with a homogeneous distribution of MC and M
6C carbides (average size lower than 1 μm). The highest hardness of 68.5 ± 0.3 HRC and the maximum transverse rupture strength of 3.58 ± 0.12 GPa is obtained for the specimen tempered at 560°C.
Pourquoi faut-il une finance durable et soutenable ?
Authors: Jeffers Esther 
Published: April 2015

La finance, dans sa conception actuelle, est-elle inévitable ? Existe-t-il une alternative plus soutenable ? Et si oui, quelles en seraient les conditions ? Dans une première partie, cet article discute de l'instabilité financière, génératrice de comportements cycliques et de prises de risques qui ont abouti à une crise majeure dont les coûts s'avèrent massifs pour la société. Comprendre les causes de cette instabilité est une des conditions nécessaires afin de concevoir un autre modèle de la finance, une finance durable et responsable, c'est-à-dire utile sur le plan économique, social et environnemental. Dans une deuxième partie, nous évoquons des réformes du système bancaire et financier nécessaires pour sortir de la crise et assurer des financements à long terme, notamment pour accompagner la transition écologique. Enfin, cet article plaide pour une finance capable d'œuvrer à une meilleure prise en considération des risques environnementaux, sociaux et de gouvernance dans les décisions d'investissement et la recherche de rendements soutenables sur la durée. Classification JEL : G01, E5, D62.
La crise financière a-t-elle affecté le débat « lean » versus « clean » chez les banquiers centraux ?
Authors: Carré Emmanuel 
Published: April 2015

La crise financière a-t-elle causé un changement de paradigme de politique monétaire ? En particulier, la stratégie des banques centrales en matière de stabilité financière a-t-elle changé ? Le consensus d'avant-crise des banquiers centraux sur la stratégie de lutte ex post contre l'éclatement de la bulle financière ( cleaning up the bust afterwards ) prévaut-il encore ? Désormais les banquiers centraux préfèrent-ils au contraire agir ex ante contre la montée de la bulle ( leaning against the wind ) ? L'article examine si la crise a modifié ce débat clean versus lean sur la base des méthodes de la littérature de la communication des banques centrales. Quatre-vingt-quatorze discours de membres de la Réserve fédérale américaine (Fed), de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) et de la Banque d'Angleterre portant sur ce débat sont étudiés sur la période 2002-2012. L'analyse et le codage de ces discours apportent deux résultats majeurs. En premier lieu, le consensus sur la stratégie de clean est moins marqué qu'avant la crise dans les trois banques centrales considérées. La BCE devient clairement favorable à la stratégie opposée de lean . Cependant, en second lieu, le changement de paradigme de politique monétaire n'apparaît pas pour autant car la Fed et la Banque d'Angleterre continuent de préférer la stratégie de clean . Classification JEL : D83, E52, G01.
L’eucharistie et l’urgence du mystère
Authors: Bruguès † Jean-Louis 
Published: April 2015

Il est des pays où plusieurs diocèses ont choisi la récente exhortation post-synodale Sacramentum Caritatis comme document de référence pour leur réflexion annuelle. En France, elle tomba dans une épaisse indifférence. Pourtant, l’exhortation venait compléter l’impressionnant corpus relatif à l’Eucharistie que l’Eglise vient de se donner. L’exhortation cherche à répondre à une question d’apparence simple : comment donner le sens et le goût du mystère dans un contexte de sécularisation généralisée ? Quatre clés de lecture sont ici proposées : l’émerveillement devant « le pain venu du ciel », la vérité d’un amour qui se donne aux hommes et les pousse à se donner à leur tour, le resplendissement de la beauté dans la célébration du mystère pascal, enfin, la capacité de l’Eucharistie à transformer les personnes, les choix politiques et jusqu’à la création.
« De l’origine des espèces » : Genèse 1 et la vocation scientifique de l’homme
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2015

Pour les tenants de l’évolutionnisme, se référer aujourd’hui à l’enseignement de la Genèse est régresser dans une forme d’obscurantisme, incompatible avec la rationalité de l’âge moderne. Au contraire, montrent ces pages : les chapitres inauguraux de la Genèse sont un manifeste de l’intelligibilité du monde, né de la parole divine et voué à celle de l’homme, notamment dans son entreprise scientifique. Une rationalité lumineuse traverse ces textes, capables de parler à tout homme de raison — et notamment à l’homme de science contemporain.
Le sacrifice eucharistique dans la Somme de Théologie
Authors: Urfels Florent 
Published: April 2015

Cet article tente une reprise critique de l’enseignement de Thomas sur le sacrifice eucharistique à partir de la IIIa pars de la Somme de Théologie . Après avoir rappelé les bases de la sacramentaire thomiste qui, dans la Somme , renoue avec la doctrine augustinienne du signum sacrum , nous nous arrêtons à la formule que Thomas énonce dans la Q. 73 : l’Eucharistie « commémore la Passion du Seigneur qui fut un véritable sacrifice, et à ce point de vue elle est appelée un sacrifice ». Mais tous les sacrements ne font-il pas mémoire de la Passion ? Thomas avait conscience de l’insuffisance de sa formule et il s’efforce de la compléter à l’aide de la catégorie de l’oblation. Faute de prendre en compte la commémoration de la Cène par l’Eucharistie, sa synthèse demeure inaboutie.
André Comte-Sponville — Luc Ferry. Spiritualité sans Dieu, leurre ou vrai chemin ?
Authors: Verlinde Joseph-Marie 
Published: April 2015

Pendant des siècles, l’Occident « chrétien » désignait spontanément, par le terme « spiritualité(s) », l’ensemble des voies visant à un approfondissement de la vie dans l’Esprit (de Jésus-Christ). Depuis la critique des philosophes de la mort de Dieu, ce terme est en attente d’une nouvelle définition. Parmi les tentatives visant à préciser les contours d’une « spiritualité sans Dieu », nous avons retenu celles de deux philosophes français contemporains bien connus : André Comte-Sponville et Luc Ferry. Il n’est pas sûr cependant que leurs efforts aboutissent, puisque la spiritualité du premier culmine dans l’expérience d’un divin immanent, tandis que la proposition du second postule implicitement un fondement absolu.
« Aux archives, citoyens ! », les archives dans la cité
Authors: Magnien Agnès 
Published: April 2015

Installées au cœur de Paris depuis le xii e siècle, les Archives nationales ont cependant connu et parfois même entretenu une certaine forme de distance avec les acteurs de la cité, les citoyens. Paradoxalement, leur installation récente à Pierrefitte-sur-Seine, en banlieue parisienne dans une zone en développement, est l’occasion de tisser des liens nouveaux avec le territoire, les acteurs politiques, scientifiques, éducatifs et culturels, et de mettre en valeur et en partage le patrimoine conservé.
Hydrate Formation Tendency of Lower Tertiary Fluid (LTF) Production
Authors: Kapoor Y. , Alves I. N. , Ramachandran K. , Sum A. K. , Chen L. T. , Beni A. Naderi 
Published: April 2015

The Lower Tertiary has been one of the most significant discoveries in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) oil and gas plays. On February 25th 2012 Petrobras successfully began production of the Cascade and Chinook lower tertiary fields to the first Early Production System floating production, storage and offloading (EPS FPSO) in the GOM. The purpose of implementing an EPS was a stage wise process to understand and better approach expansion with uncertainty associated with the Ultra Deep Lower Tertiary play. Limited understanding of fluid properties during design led to the precautionary approach of managing flow assurance risks particularly associated with hydrate formation. Due to the under saturated nature of the lower tertiary oil there was much speculation that hydrates that form would self-disperse and not cause a plugging tendency. As a result of not being able to clearly understand risks early in design, mitigation measures applied were considered prudent.
The purpose of the paper is to provide an interpretation of hydrate formation propensity associated with the lower tertiary fluids. Interpretation provided herein is based on recent fluid evaluations using state of the art laboratories and high pressure rheometery to understand impact on fluid behavior. The paper will discuss hydrate propensity and rheological effects of the LTF's using results obtained from experimental procedures where live oil LTF's were prepared at 40% water cut and tested in the presence of LDHI (Anti-Agglomerate) to evaluate their effectiveness in controlling hydrate formation. Findings from this work will be discussed in relation to operational mitigation measures of hydrates.
The results presented will illustrate hydrate formation propensity, impacts on fluid rheology and how this information serves purpose in determining the potential risks of hydrates when water cut becomes prominent during production. Additionally, useful insight into production system design and production operating strategies preventing hydrate blockages shall be outlined.
The paper attempts to help the reader realize hydrates associated with the Lower Tertiary Production, which is considered a major source of future production in the GOM. The information provided is ground breaking.
HoxA10 Terminates Emergency Granulopoiesis by Increasing Expression of Triad1
Authors: Wang Hao , Bei Ling , Shah Chirag A. , Hu Liping , Eklund Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Triad1 is greater in mature granulocytes than in myeloid progenitor cells. HoxA10 actives transcription of the gene encoding Triad1 (ARIH2) during myeloid differentiation, but the contribution of increased Triad1 expression to granulocyte production or function is unknown. Mice with bone marrow–specific disruption of the ARIH2 gene exhibit constitutive inflammation with tissue infiltration by granulocytes and B cells. In contrast, disruption of the HOXA10 gene in mice neither constitutively activates the innate immune response nor significantly alters steady-state granulopoiesis. This study explores the impact of HoxA10-induced Triad1 expression on emergency (stress) granulopoiesis. We found that mice with HOXA10 gene disruption exhibited an overwhelming and fatal emergency granulopoiesis response that was characterized by tissue infiltration with granulocytes, but reversed by re-expression of Triad1 in the bone marrow. We determined that HoxA9 repressed ARIH2 transcription in myeloid progenitor cells, antagonizing the effect of HoxA10 on Triad1 expression. Also, we found that differentiation-stage–specific ARIH2 transcription was regulated by the tyrosine phosphorylation states of HoxA9 and HoxA10. Our studies demonstrate a previously undescribed role for HoxA10 in terminating emergency granulopoiesis, suggesting an important contribution by Hox proteins to the innate immune response.
Characterizing the Absolute Continuity of the Convolution of Orbital Measures in a
Classical Lie Algebra
Authors: Kumar Gupta Sanjiv , Hare Kathryn 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLet 𝓰 be a compact simple Lie algebra of dimension d. It is a classical result that the convolution of any d non-trivial, G-invariant, orbitalmeasures is absolutely continuous with respect to Lebesgue measure on 𝓰, and the sum of any d non-trivial orbits has non-empty interior. The number d was later reduced to the rank of the Lie algebra (or rank +1 in the case of type An). More recently, the minimal integer k = k(X) such that the k-fold convolution of the orbital measure supported on the orbit generated by X is an absolutely continuous measure was calculated for each X ∈ 𝓰.In this paper 𝓰 is any of the classical, compact, simple Lie algebras. We characterize the tuples (X1 , . . . , XL), with Xi ∊ 𝓰, which have the property that the convolution of the L-orbital measures supported on the orbits generated by the Xi is absolutely continuous, and, equivalently, the sum of their orbits has non-empty interior. The characterization depends on the Lie type of 𝓰 and the structure of the annihilating roots of the Xi. Such a characterization was previously known only for type An.
Disparities in Exposure to Tobacco on Television or Streaming Platforms
Authors: Onyeaka Henry K. , Chido-Amajuoyi Onyema G. , Sokale Itunu , Ajayi Kobi V. , Evins A Eden , Amonoo Hermioni L. , Shete Sanjay 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceWith the rise in popularity of streaming platforms concerns about exposure to tobacco advertising and promotion have emerged. While tobacco marketing and promotion through traditional television (TV) media channels has been extensively studied, less is known about exposure to tobacco through TV or streaming platforms and its associated factors.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence and factors associated with exposure to tobacco products advertised, marketed, or promoted on TV or streaming platforms among US adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study used data from the National Cancer Institute’s Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 6), conducted from March 7 to November 8, 2022. The nationally representative survey included noninstitutionalized civilian US adults.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was self-reported exposure to tobacco advertisements, marketing, or promotion on TV or streaming platforms in the past 3 months. Factors associated with exposure were explored using multivariable survey logistic regression.ResultsThe study included 5775 participants (3415 females [weighted percentage, 50.5%], 970 Hispanic individuals [weighted percentage, 16.9%], 872 non-Hispanic Black or African American individuals [11.1%], 3144 non-White individuals [61.5%], and 632 individuals who currently smoke [12.0%]). The estimated exposure to tobacco advertisements, marketing, or promotion on television or streaming platforms was 12.4% (95% CI, 10.8%-14.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure odds were higher among those who had a level of education of high school or less (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.60; 95% CI, 1.08-2.37), individuals who currently smoke (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.06-3.25), non-Hispanic Black or African American respondents (aOR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.40-3.45) and Hispanic respondents (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04-2.42).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study of the prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements on TV or streaming platforms among US adults, disparities in exposure by race or ethnicity, education level, and smoking status were identified. These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and regulation to address these disparities and reduce the impact of tobacco advertisements on vulnerable populations.