bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The importance of the context in the hippocampus and brain related areas throughout the performance of a fear conditioning task
Authors: Arias Natalia , Méndez Marta , Arias Jorge L. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe importance context has been broadly studied in the management of phobias and in the drug addiction literature. The way in which changes to a context influence behavior after the simple acquisition of a passive avoidance task remains unclear. The hippocampus has long been implicated in the contextual and spatial processing required for contextual fear, but its role in encoding the aversive component of a contextual fear memory is still inconclusive. Our work tries to elucidate whether a change in context, represented as differences in the load of the stimuli, is critical for learning about the context‐shock association and whether this manipulation of the context could be linked to any change in metabolic brain activity requirements. For this purpose, we used an avoidance conditioning task. Animals were divided into three different experimental conditions. In one group, acquisition was performed in an enriched stimuli environment and retention was performed in a typically lit chamber (the PA‐ACQ‐CONTX group). In another group, acquisition was performed in the typically lit chamber and retention was undertaken in the highly enriched chamber (the PA‐RET‐CONTX group). Finally, for the control group, PA‐CN‐CONTX, acquisition, and retention were performed in the enriched stimuli environment. Our results showed that the PA‐ACQ‐CONTX group had longer escape latencies and poorer retention than the PA‐RET‐CONTX and PA‐CN‐CONTX groups after 24 h of acquisition under contextual changes. To study metabolic brain activity, histochemical labelling of cytochrome c‐oxidase (CO) was performed. CO results suggested a neural circuit including the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, parahippocampal cortices, and mammillary nuclei that is involved in the learning and memory processes that enable context‐dependent behavior. These results highlight how dysfunction in this network may be involved in the contextualization of fear associations that underlie several forms of psychopathology, including post‐traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, and substance abuse disorders. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cueing the personal future to reduce discounting in intertemporal choice: Is episodic prospection necessary?
Authors: Kwan Donna , Craver Carl F. , Green Leonard , Myerson Joel , Gao Fuqiang , Black Sandra E. , Rosenbaum R. Shayna 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTHow does the ability to imagine detailed future experiences (i.e., episodic prospection) contribute to choices between immediate and delayed rewards? Individuals with amnesia do not show abnormally steep discounting in intertemporal choice, suggesting that neither medial temporal lobe (MTL) integrity nor episodic prospection is required for the valuation of future rewards (Kwan et al. (), Hippocampus, 22:1215‐1219; Kwan et al. (2013), J Exp Psychol, 142:1355‐1369 2013). However, hippocampally mediated episodic prospection in healthy adults reduces the discounting of future rewards (Peters and Büchel (2010), Neuron, 66:138‐148; Benoit et al. (2011), J Neurosci, 31:6771‐6779), raising the possibility that MTL damage causes more subtle impairments to this form of decision‐making than noted in previous patient studies. Intertemporal choice appears normal in amnesic populations, yet they may be unable to use episodic prospection to adaptively modulate the value assigned to future rewards. To investigate how the extended hippocampal system, including the hippocampus and related MTL structures, contributes to the valuation of future rewards, we compared the performance of six amnesic cases with impaired episodic prospection to that of 20 control participants on two versions of an intertemporal choice task: a standard discounting task, and a cued version in which cues prompted them to imagine specific personal future events temporally contiguous with the receipt of delayed rewards. Amnesic individuals' intertemporal choices in the standard condition were indistinguishable from those of controls, replicating previous findings. Surprisingly, performance of the amnesic cases in the cued condition indicates that amnesia does not preclude flexible modulation of choices in response to future event cues, even in the absence of episodic prospection. Cueing the personal future to modulate decisions appears to constitute a less demanding or a qualitatively different (e.g., personal semantic) form of prospection that is not as sensitive to MTL damage as prospective narrative generation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparing for the introduction of hospital autonomy in Laos: an assessment of current situation and suggestions for policy‐making
Authors: Geng Jinsong , Yu Hao , Chen Yingyao 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe National Assembly of Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) approved the Health Sector Reform Strategy in 2012, which called for an assessment as to whether Laos should introduce hospital autonomy, and if so, in which ways. The purpose of this study is to assess the status quo of hospital governance in Laos and propose policy suggestions for hospital autonomy in the country. We formulated an analytic framework for hospital autonomy based on previous work by other researchers, collected qualitative data through key informant interviews and focus group discussions, and also performed secondary data analysis. Public hospitals in Laos enjoyed some informal autonomy with little accountability and Laos is facing key challenges of hospital governance. As a result, introducing hospital autonomy in Laos could bring risks, benefits and debates. Before Laos decides on granting autonomy to its public hospitals, we strongly suggest that the government do pilot in selected public hospitals with well‐regulated governance framework first and conduct rigorous evaluations to examine whether the granted autonomy leads to the intended social goals of equity, quality, efficiency and sustainability. We recommend residual claimants should be monitored by the government and by the society with open and transparent approach, and active measures should be taken to improve performance and ensure social functions. The study findings may also provide some suggestions for low‐ and middle‐income countries, which are contemplating the introduction of hospital autonomy in the public sector. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are 5‐HT3 antagonists effective in obsessive–compulsive disorder? A systematic review of literature
Authors: Serata Daniele , Kotzalidis Georgios D. , Rapinesi Chiara , Janiri Delfina , Di Pietro Simone , Callovini Gemma , Piacentino Daria , Gasperoni Carlotta , Brugnoli Roberto , Ferri Vittoria Rachele , Girardi Nicoletta , Tatarelli Roberto , Ferracuti Stefano , Angeletti Gloria , Girardi Paolo , Del Casale Antonio 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this literature database search‐based review was to critically consider and evaluate the findings of literature focusing on efficacy and safety of 5‐HT3 antagonists in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), so as to test whether preclinical data match clinical therapeutic trials.DesignThe PubMed database has been searched for papers on 5‐HT3 antagonists and OCD in humans and for animal models of OCD and 5‐HT3 receptors.ResultsOf the clinically tested 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists, ondansetron has been used to treat OCD in five therapeutic studies, whereas granisetron only in one recent trial. Both showed some efficacy in open studies and superiority to placebo in double‐blind studies, along with fair safety. No animal OCD model directly implicated 5‐HT3 receptors.ConclusionsOverall, results indicate some utility, but the available literature is too scanty to allow for valid conclusions to be drawn. The mismatch between animal models of obsessive–compulsive disorder and clinical data with 5‐HT3 antagonists needs more clinical data to ensure that it is not an artefact. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Distributed Temperature Sensing for coupled mapping of sedimentation processes and spatio‐temporal variability of groundwater discharge in soft‐bedded streams
Authors: Sebok Eva , Duque Carlos , Engesgaard Peter , Boegh Eva 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe delineation of groundwater discharge areas based on Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data of the streambed can be difficult in soft‐bedded streams where sedimentation and scouring processes constantly change the position of the fibre optic cable relative to the streambed. Deposition‐induced temperature anomalies resemble the signal of groundwater discharge while scouring will cause the cable to float in the water column and measure stream water temperatures. DTS applied in a looped layout with nine fibre optic cable rows in a 70 × 5 m section of a soft‐bedded stream made it possible to detect variability in streambed temperatures between October 2011 and January 2012. Detailed monthly streambed elevation surveys were carried out to monitor the position of the fibre optic cable relative to the streambed and to quantify the effect of sedimentation processes on streambed temperatures. Based on the simultaneous interpretation of streambed temperature and elevation data, a method is proposed to delineate potential high‐groundwater discharge areas and identify deposition‐induced temperature anomalies in soft‐bedded streams. Potential high‐discharge sites were detected using as metrics the daily minimum, maximum and mean streambed temperatures as well as the daily amplitude and standard deviation of temperatures. The identified potential high‐discharge areas were mostly located near the channel banks, also showing temporal variability because of the scouring and redistribution of streambed sediments, leading to the relocation of pool‐riffle sequences. This study also shows that sediment deposits of 0.1 m thickness already resulted in an increase in daily minimum streambed temperatures and decrease in daily amplitude and standard deviation. Scouring sites showed lower daily minimum streambed temperatures and higher daily amplitude and standard deviation compared with areas without sedimentation and scouring. As a limitation of the approach, groundwater discharge occurring at depositional and scouring areas cannot be identified by the metrics applied. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insolvency Law as a Main Pillar of Market Economy—A Critical Assessment of the Greek Insolvency Law
Authors: Paulus Christoph G. , Potamitis Stathis , Rokas Alexandros , Tirado Ignacio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this article, we use the Greek insolvency law and its present status as a raw model for the demonstration of the central role insolvency law generally plays within a given economy. The Greek example amplifies in a particularly instructive way the interrelationship between the functionality of a legal restructuring and liquidation regime, on the one side, and the recovery of a state's overall economic affairs, on the other. We present our thoughts in a way that leads from general deliberations (A and B) to a description of the present Greek insolvency law (C) and finally its critical assessment (D), before we conclude (E). Thereby, we hope to make sufficiently clear that this type of approach to insolvency law is educative for many more jurisdictions than just the example that we have chosen. Copyright © 2015 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Chapter 15 Recognition in the United States: Is a Debtor “Presence” Required?
Authors: Glosband Daniel M. , Westbrook Jay Lawrence 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA recent appellate decision in the USA (In re Barnet) confuses the foreign debtor with the foreign insolvency representative. Notwithstanding the focus of US bankruptcy law on a foreign proceeding as the object of an ancillary case under Chapter 15, with the foreign representative as its emissary, the decision dismayed the international insolvency community by ruling that section 109(a) of the Bankruptcy Code applies to recognition under Chapter 15. The result is to require that the debtor in a foreign proceeding has some minimum jurisdictional presence in the USA as a condition of Chapter 15 recognition. Such a presence might include a domicile, a place of business, or property. While there might be a “backdoor” device avoiding this result, the decision creates serious confusion and a potential obstacle to full international recognition. Copyright © 2015 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Chemistry of Intermolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Motion: Emerging Perspectives and Prospects
Authors: Pu Maoping , Privalov Timofei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis feature article describes the chemistry in motion of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). With state‐of‐the‐art ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations supplemented by minimum energy path (MEP) and potential energy surface (PES) calculations, we examine the binding of CO2 and the heterolytic cleavage of H2 by a Lewis base (LB), tBu3P, and a Lewis acid (LA), B(C6F5)3. We strive to uncover and understand mechanistic implications of the physical laws that govern the behavior of a LB and a LA when they react with a third species (e.g., CO2 or H2) at finite temperature. The approximation that we necessarily must make at present is to forgo the quantization of the movement of atoms in favor of the Born‐Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD), which unfold according to the classical (Newton’s) laws of motion. However, strict quantum chemical theory is used to compute all of the forces that govern the dynamics of the macromolecular FLP system. Using physical reasoning and innovative computer simulations, we show that multi‐scale motion is the predominant mechanistic aspect in reactions of the tBu3P/B(C6F5)3 FLP, as well as, conceivably, those of other similar intermolecular FLPs. Insight achieved thus far leads to a novel activity model for intermolecular FLPs and specific predictions, which could be useful for future experimental and theoretical studies of FLP and other chemistries.
Hyperspectral imaging in medicine: image pre‐processing problems and solutions in Matlab
Authors: Koprowski Robert 
Published: February 2015

The paper presents problems and solutions related to hyperspectral image pre‐processing. New methods of preliminary image analysis are proposed. The paper shows problems occurring in Matlab when trying to analyse this type of images. Moreover, new methods are discussed which provide the source code in Matlab that can be used in practice without any licensing restrictions.
The proposed application and sample result of hyperspectral image analysis.magnified imageThe proposed application and sample result of hyperspectral image analysis.
Fabrication and feasibility study of an absorbable diacetyl chitin surgical suture for wound healing
Authors: Shao Kai , Han Baoqin , Gao Jinning , Jiang Zhiwen , Liu Weizhi , Liu Wanshun , Liang Ye 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDiacetyl chitin (DAC) is an acidylated chitin obtained using acetic anhydride mixed perchloric acid system. By wet spinning and weaving technique, DAC has been successfully developed into a novel absorbable surgical suture. Thanks to the unique properties of chitins, the potential application of this novel monocomponent multifilament DAC suture may break the monopoly of synthetic polymer sutures in wound closure area. In this study, DAC was synthesized and characterized by multiple approaches including elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, we performed the feasibility assessment of DAC suture (USP 2‐0) as absorbable suture for wound healing. Several lines of evidences suggested that DAC suture had comparable mechanical properties as synthetic polymer sutures. Moreover, DAC suture retained approximately 63% of the original strength at 14 days and completely absorbed in 42 days with no remarkable tissue reaction in vivo. Most important of all, DAC suture significantly promoted skin regeneration with faster tissue reconstruction and higher wound breaking strength on a linear incisional wound model. All these results demonstrated the potential use of DAC suture in short‐ or middle‐term wound healing, such as epithelial and connective tissue. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016:104B:116–125.
Immunolocalization of dentin matrix protein‐1 in human primary teeth treated with different pulp capping materials
Authors: Lourenço Neto Natalino , Marques Nádia C. T. , Fernandes Ana Paula , Rodini Camila O. , Sakai Vivien T. , Abdo Ruy Cesar C. , Machado Maria Aparecida A. M. , Santos Carlos F. , Oliveira Thais M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the immunolocalization of dentin matrix protein (DMP)‐1 in human primary teeth treated with different pulp capping materials. Twenty‐five primary molars were divided into the following groups: formocresol (FC), calcium hydroxide (CH), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), corticosteroid/antibiotic solution + CH (O + CH), and Portland cement (PC), and all received conventional pulpotomy treatment. The teeth at the regular exfoliation period were extracted for histological analysis and immunolocalization of DMP‐1. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test (p < 0.05). Histological analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the comparison among the groups through the use of a score system regarding the presence of hard tissue barrier, odontoblastic layer, and internal resorption, but not regarding pulp calcification. Immunohistochemical analysis showed immunostaining for DMP‐1 in groups CH, MTA, O + CH, and PC. Internal resorption was observed in the groups FC and CH. MTA and PC showed pulp repair without inflammation and with the presence of hard tissue barrier. DMP‐1 immunostaining was higher for MTA and PC, confirming the reparative and bioinductive capacity of these materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 165–169, 2016.
Fixation performance of an ultrasonically fused, bioresorbable osteosynthesis implant: A biomechanical and biocompatibility study
Authors: Augat P. , Robioneck P. B. , Abdulazim A. , Wipf F. , Lips K. S. , Alt V. , Schnettler R. , Heiss C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBioresorbable implants may serve as an alternative option for the fixation of bone fractures. Because of their minor inherent mechanical properties and insufficient anchorage within bone bioresorbable implants have so far been limited to mechanically nondemanding fracture types. By briefly liquefying the surface of the biomaterial during insertion, bioresorbable implants can be ultrasonically fused with bone to improve their mechanical fixation. The objective of this study was to investigate the biomechanical fixation performance and in vivo biocompatibility of an ultrasonically fused bioresorbable polymeric pin (SonicPin). First, we biomechanically compared the fused pin with press fitted metallic and bioresorbable polymeric implants for quasi‐static and fatigue strength under shear and tensile loading in a polyurethane foam model. Second, fused implants were inserted into cancellous bovine bone and tested biomechanically to verify the reproducibility of their fusion behavior. Finally, the fused pins were tested in a lapine model of femoral condyle osteotomies and were histologically examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. While comparable under static shear loads, fixation performance of ultrasonically fused pins was significantly (p = 0.001) stronger under tensile loading than press fit implants and showed no pull‐out. Both bioresorbable implants withstood comparable fatigue shear strength, but less than the K‐wire. In bovine bone the ultrasonic fusion process worked highly reproducible and provided consistent mechanical fixation. In vivo, the polymeric pin produced no notable foreign body reactions or resorption layers. Ultrasonic fusion of polymeric pins achieved adequate and consistent mechanical fixation with high reproducibility and exhibits good short‐term resorption and biocompatibility. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 170–179, 2016.
DJ‐1 Protects Breast Cancer Cells Against 2′‐Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde‐induced Oxidative Stress Independent of Nrf2
Authors: Ismail Ismail Ahmed , Abdel shakor Abo bakr , Hong Su‐Hyung 
Published: February 2015

Abstract2′‐Benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA) is a promising antitumor agent. BCA effectively inhibited proliferation of MDA‐MB‐435 more than in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Our recent findings showed that DJ‐1 protects MCF7 cells from BCA‐induced oxidative stress via its mitochondrial translocation and inhibition of the mitochondrial perturbation (Ismail et al., 2012). In this study, we addressed the question of whether Nrf2 works downstream to DJ‐1 in mediating differential antiproliferation effects in MCF‐7 and MDAMB‐435 breast cancer cells induced by BCA treatment. BCA upregulated the expression and induced nuclear translocalization of DJ‐1 and Nrf2 in only MCF‐7 cells. However, in MDA‐MB‐435, BCA increased only Nrf2 expression without inducing DJ‐1 and/or Nrf2 protein translocalization to the nucleus. Furthermore, DJ‐1 knockdown decreased DJ‐1 expression in both cells without affecting Nrf2 and its downstream target γ‐GCS, suggesting that DJ‐1‐induced cell protection and works independent of Nrf2 signaling pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 2262–2269, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early prophylactic antibiotics administration for acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ukai Tomohiko , Shikata Satoru , Inoue Machiko , Noguchi Yoshinori , Igarashi Hisato , Isaji Shuji , Mayumi Toshihiko , Yoshida Masahiro , Takemura Yousuke C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics use for acute necrotizing pancreatitis has been explored and a number of systematic reviews have been published with conflicting results. The timing of antibiotics administration can be fundamental to their effectiveness, but thus far no reviews have focused on the timing of administration.MethodsA systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of prophylactic antibiotics for acute necrotizing pancreatitis was conducted using MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina. Trials in which antibiotics were administered within 72 h after onset of symptoms or 48 h after admission were included. Our primary outcomes were the mortality rate and the incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis, and secondary outcomes were the incidence of non‐pancreatic infection and the incidence of surgical intervention.ResultsThe search revealed six RCTs with a total of 397 patients. The mortality rates were significantly different for those taking antibiotics (7.4%), and controls (14.4%) (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.25–0.94). Also, early prophylactic antibiotics use was associated with reduced incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis (antibiotics 16.3%, controls 25.1%; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92).ConclusionEarly use of prophylactic antibiotics for acute necrotizing pancreatitis is associated with reduced mortality and lower incidence of infected pancreatic necrosis.