bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesh-Covered Embolic Protection Stent Implantation in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dudek Dariusz , Dziewierz Artur , Brener Sorin J. , Abizaid Alexandre , Merkely Béla , Costa Ricardo A. , Bar Eli , Rakowski Tomasz , Kornowski Ran , Dressler Ovidiu , Abizaid Andrea , Silber Sigmund , Stone Gregg W. 
Published: January 2015

Background—
The MGuard, a bare metal stent covered with a polymer mesh, was designed to reduce distal embolization during percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. In the MGUARD for Acute ST Elevation Reperfusion trial, the primary end point of complete ST-segment resolution was significantly improved with the MGuard compared with control. We evaluated 1-year clinical and angiographic results.

Methods and Results—

Patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction ≤12 hours undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention of a single de novo native lesion were randomized to the MGuard versus any commercially available metallic stent (39.8% drug-eluting). Clinical follow-up was performed through 1 year, and angiography at 13 months was planned in 50 MGuard patients. There was no difference in major adverse cardiac events (1.8% versus 2.3%;
P
=0.75) at 30 days between the groups. Major adverse cardiac events at 1 year were higher with the MGuard, driven by greater ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization (8.6% versus 0.9%;
P
=0.0003). Conversely, mortality tended to be lower with the MGuard at 30 days (0% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.04) and at 1 year (1.0% versus 3.3%;
P
=0.09). Late lumen loss at 13 months in the MGuard was 0.99±0.80 mm, and binary restenosis was 31.6%.

Conclusions—
In patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, a trend toward reduced 1-year mortality was present in patients treated with the MGuard stent. Target lesion revascularization and major adverse cardiac events rates during follow-up were higher in the MGuard group than in the control stent group, and angiographic late loss of the MGuard was consistent with that expected from bare metal stents.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01368471.
Metabolic Syndrome From Adolescence to Early Adulthood
Authors: Nupponen Mari , Pahkala Katja , Juonala Markus , Magnussen Costan G. , Niinikoski Harri , Rönnemaa Tapani , Viikari Jorma S.A. , Saarinen Maiju , Lagström Hanna , Jula Antti , Simell Olli , Raitakari Olli T. 
Published: January 2015

Background—
Adolescent metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood. Our aim was to establish the relationship between an infancy-onset dietary intervention and risk of having MetS between 15 and 20 years of age.

Methods and Results—

The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (STRIP) study is a longitudinal, randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial in which repeated dietary counseling aiming at reducing intake of saturated fat took place from infancy to early adulthood. Participants who had complete data on the MetS components (waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) at 15 (n=512), 16 (n=485), 17 (n=475), 18 (n=459), 19 (n=439), and 20 (n=407) years of age were included in the study. Modified International Diabetes Foundation criteria with 80th/20th percentile cutoff points for the components were primarily applied in statistical analyses, and the results were replicated with the use of other pediatric MetS definitions. Between the ages of 15 and 20 years, the prevalence of MetS varied between 6.0% and 7.5% in participants in the intervention group and between 10% and 14% in the control group. The long-term relative risk of MetS was significantly lower in the intervention group (relative risk, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.88;
P
=0.009). Of the individual MetS components, the intervention decreased risk of high blood pressure in both sexes (relative risk, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.99) and high triglycerides in male subjects (relative risk, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–0.98). A statistically nonsignificant reduction was seen in the risk of high waist circumference in the intervention individuals (relative risk, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.59–1.03).

Conclusion—
Repeated infancy-onset dietary intervention is effective in the prevention of MetS in adolescence.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00223600.
Impacts of Cloud Droplet–Nucleating Aerosols on Shallow Tropical Convection
Authors: Saleeby Stephen M. , Herbener Stephen R. , van den Heever Susan C. , L’Ecuyer Tristan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Low-level warm-phase clouds cover a substantial portion of Earth’s oceans and play an important role in the global water and energy budgets. The characteristics of these clouds are controlled by the large-scale environment, boundary layer conditions, and cloud microphysics. Variability in the concentration of aerosols can alter cloud microphysical and precipitation processes that subsequently impact the system dynamics and thermodynamics and thereby create aerosol–cloud dynamic–thermodynamic feedback effects. In this study, three distinct cloud regimes were simulated, including stratocumulus, low-level cumulus (cumulus under stratocumulus), and deeper cumulus clouds. The simulations were conducted without environmental large-scale forcing, thereby allowing all three cloud types to freely interact with the environmental state in an undamped fashion. Increases in aerosol concentration in these unforced, warm-phase, tropical cloud simulations lead to the production of fewer low-level cumuli; thinning and erosion of the widespread stratocumulus layer; and the development of deeper, inversion-penetrating cumuli. The mechanisms for these changes are explored. Despite the development of deeper, more heavily precipitating cumuli, the reduction of the widespread moderately precipitating stratocumulus clouds leads to an overall reduction in domainwide accumulated precipitation when aerosol concentrations are enhanced.
Surface Wave Measurements from Subsurface Floats
Authors: D’Asaro Eric 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPressure gradient measurements on a subsurface Lagrangian float are used to measure the spectrum of surface waves for 100 days of measurements at Ocean Weather Station Papa. Along Lagrangian trajectories of surface waves, the pressure is constant and the vertical pressure gradient fluctuations equal the Eulerian fluctuations at the mean float depth to second order in wave height. Measurement of the pressure difference between the top and the bottom of the float can thus be used to measure the waves. Corrections for the wave decay with depth, for the vertical motion of the float, for the finite sampling interval, and for the sampling noise (among others) are necessary to obtain accurate results. With these corrections, scalar spectra accurately match those from a nearby Waverider buoy for significant wave heights greater than about 3 m. For smaller wave heights, noise in the pressure measurements biases the float spectral measurements. Significant wave height is measured with an rms error of 0.37 m over the measured range of 1–9 m. This demonstrates that Lagrangian floats accurately follow the Lagrangian trajectories of surface waves. More detailed and quieter measurements of float motion could likely measure directional wave spectra from below the surface. Similar methods could be used to infer surface wave properties from other subsurface vehicles.
National Trends in Retropharyngeal Abscess among Adult Inpatients with Peritonsillar Abscess
Authors: Qureshi Hannan A. , Ference Elisabeth H. , Tan Bruce K. , Chandra Rakesh K. , Kern Robert C. , Smith Stephanie Shintani 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo describe national trends in retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) complicating peritonsillar abscess (PTA) and to determine factors associated with RPA in patients with PTA.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingNationwide Inpatient Sample, 2003‐2010.Subjects and MethodsPTA patients ≥18 years old, with or without RPA, were extracted according to ICD‐9‐CM codes. The cohort was analyzed with descriptive statistics and multivariate regression modeling to identify factors associated with RPA.ResultsOf the 91,647 (95% CI: 86,433‐95,449) patients identified with PTA, 885 (1.0%) also had a concurrently coded RPA. The annual rate of concomitant RPA increased from 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3%‐0.8%) to 1.4% (95% CI: 1.0%‐2.0%) between 2003 and 2010 (P <. 001). PTA patients with RPA more frequently underwent tonsillectomy (23.5% vs 11.1%), endotracheal intubation (7.1% vs 1.5%), and mechanical ventilation (13.2% vs 2.0%) than those without RPA (all P <. 001). PTA patients with RPA were significantly older (41 vs 34 years old), had a longer hospital stay (6.4 vs 2.5 days), and had more procedures (2.5 vs 0.9) when compared to patients without RPA (all P <. 001). Upon multivariate regression analysis, factors associated with RPA included the age groups of 40 to 64 years (odds ratio, 2.256; P <. 001) and 65 and older (odds ratio, 2.086; P =. 045). Median total charges for PTA inpatients with concomitant RPA were approximately $8700 greater (P <. 001) when compared to patients with PTA alone.ConclusionsThe incidence of RPA among adult inpatients with PTA is increasing, and patients with RPA have higher in‐hospital resource utilization. Further studies may help validate factors predictive of RPA to enable prevention or earlier identification.
Utilization of motor imagery in upper limb rehabilitation: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Harris JE , Hebert A 
Published: January 2015

Objective: To determine how motor imagery is being delivered in upper limb rehabilitation to guide practice and research. Data source: MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychINFO databases were searched from 1987 to November 2014 Study selection: English, adults, any clinical population or diagnosis, intervention for upper limb with an outcome measure used. All types of studies were included. Two authors independently selected studies for review using consensus. Data extraction: Seven motor imagery elements were extracted using a model implemented in sport research: PETTLEP model (Physical, Environment, Task, Timing, Learning, Emotion, and Perspective). Results: The search yielded 1107 articles with 1059 excluded leaving 48 articles for full review. A total of 38 articles involved individuals with stroke, five articles involved individuals with complex regional pain syndrome, and five articles for other conditions. Motor imagery elements most commonly described were physical, environment, task, and perspective. Elements less commonly described were timing, learning, and emotional aspects. There were significant differences between study populations (e.g. stroke and complex regional pain syndrome) and within populations on how motor imagery was delivered. Conclusion: Many of the imagery elements reviewed are not being considered or reported on in the selected studies. How motor imagery is being delivered within and between populations is inconsistent, which may lead to difficulties in determining key elements of effectiveness.
FLT3-ITD and TLR9 use Bruton tyrosine kinase to activate distinct transcriptional programs mediating AML cell survival and proliferation
Authors: Oellerich Thomas , Mohr Sebastian , Corso Jasmin , Beck Julia , Döbele Carmen , Braun Helene , Cremer Anjali , Münch Silvia , Wicht Johannes , Oellerich Mark F. , Bug Gesine , Bohnenberger Hanibal , Perske Christina , Schütz Ekkehard , Urlaub Henning , Serve Hubert 
Published: January 2015

Key Points
Two novel transducer modules consisting of BTK in combination with either FLT3-ITD or TLR9 induce distinct oncogenic signaling programs. This study suggests subtype-specific treatment strategies, including BTK/FLT3 inhibitor combinations, and shows how TLR9 affects AML biology.
An analysis of DNA methylation in human adipose tissue reveals differential modification of obesity genes before and after gastric bypass and weight loss
Authors: Benton Miles C , Johnstone Alice , Eccles David , Harmon Brennan , Hayes Mark T , Lea Rod A , Griffiths Lyn , Hoffman Eric P , Stubbs Richard S , Macartney-Coxson Donia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
Environmental factors can influence obesity by epigenetic mechanisms. Adipose tissue plays a key role in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction, and gastric bypass provides a model to investigate obesity and weight loss in humans.

Results
Here, we investigate DNA methylation in adipose tissue from obese women before and after gastric bypass and significant weight loss. In total, 485,577 CpG sites were profiled in matched, before and after weight loss, subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue. A paired analysis revealed significant differential methylation in omental and subcutaneous adipose tissue. A greater proportion of CpGs are hypermethylated before weight loss and increased methylation is observed in the 3′ untranslated region and gene bodies relative to promoter regions. Differential methylation is found within genes associated with obesity, epigenetic regulation and development, such as CETP, FOXP2, HDAC4, DNMT3B, KCNQ1 and HOX clusters. We identify robust correlations between changes in methylation and clinical trait, including associations between fasting glucose and HDAC4, SLC37A3 and DENND1C in subcutaneous adipose. Genes investigated with differential promoter methylation all show significantly different levels of mRNA before and after gastric bypass.

Conclusions
This is the first study reporting global DNA methylation profiling of adipose tissue before and after gastric bypass and associated weight loss. It provides a strong basis for future work and offers additional evidence for the role of DNA methylation of adipose tissue in obesity.
How behavioral economics can help to avoid ‘The last mile problem’ in whole genome sequencing
Authors: Blumenthal-Barby Jennifer S , McGuire Amy L , Green Robert C , Ubel Peter A 
Published: January 2015

Editorial summaryFailure to consider lessons from behavioral economics in the case of whole genome sequencing may cause us to run into the ‘last mile problem’ - the failure to integrate newly developed technology, on which billions of dollars have been invested, into society in a way that improves human behavior and decision-making.
Chronic ethanol feeding increases the severity of Staphylococcus aureus skin infections by altering local host defenses
Authors: Parlet Corey P , Kavanaugh Jeffrey S , Horswill Alexander R , Schlueter Annette J 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Alcoholics are at increased risk of Staphylococcus aureus skin infection and serious sequelae, such as bacteremia and death. Despite the association between alcoholism and severe S. aureus skin infection, the impact of EtOH on anti-S. aureus cutaneous immunity has not been investigated in a model of chronic EtOH exposure. To test the hypothesis that EtOH enhances the severity of S. aureus skin infection, mice were fed EtOH for ≥12 weeks via the Meadows-Cook model of alcoholism and inoculated with S. aureus following epidermal abrasion. Evidence of exacerbated staphylococcal disease in EtOH-fed mice included: skin lesions that were larger and contained more organisms, greater weight loss, and increased bacterial dissemination. Infected EtOH-fed mice demonstrated poor maintenance and induction of PMN responses in skin and draining LNs, respectively. Additionally, altered PMN dynamics in the skin of these mice corresponded with reduced production of IL-23 and IL-1β by CD11b+ myeloid cells and IL-17 production by γδ T cells, with the latter defect occurring in the draining LNs as well. In addition, IL-17 restoration attenuated S. aureus-induced dermatopathology and improved bacterial clearance defects in EtOH-fed mice. Taken together, the findings show, in a novel model system, that the EtOH-induced increase in S. aureus-related injury/illness corresponds with defects in the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis and poor PMN accumulation at the site of infection and draining LNs. These findings offer new information about the impact of EtOH on cutaneous host-defense pathways and provide a potential mechanism explaining why alcoholics are predisposed to S. aureus skin infection.
Genomic Analysis Reveals That Immune Function Genes Are Strongly Linked to Clinical Outcome in the North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 Adjuvant Trastuzumab Trial
Authors: Perez Edith A. , Thompson E. Aubrey , Ballman Karla V. , Anderson S. Keith , Asmann Yan W. , Kalari Krishna R. , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E. , Dueck Amylou C. , Tenner Kathleen S. , Jen Jin , Fan Jian-Bing , Geiger Xochiquetzal J. , McCullough Ann E. , Chen Beiyun , Jenkins Robert B. , Sledge George W. , Winer Eric P. , Gralow Julie R. , Reinholz Monica M. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose To develop a genomic signature that predicts benefit from trastuzumab in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer. Patients and Methods DASL technology was used to quantify mRNA in samples from 1,282 patients enrolled onto the Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With Breast Cancer (North Central Cancer Treatment Group N9831 [NCCTG-N9831]) adjuvant trastuzumab trial. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for significant clinicopathologic risk factors, were used to determine the association of each gene with relapse-free survival (RFS) for 433 patients who received chemotherapy alone (arm A) and 849 patients who received chemotherapy plus trastuzumab (arms B and C). Network and pathway analyses were used to identify key biologic processes linked to RFS. The signature was built by using a voting scheme. Results Network and functional ontology analyses suggested that increased RFS was linked to a subset of immune function genes. A voting scheme model was used to define immune gene enrichment based on the expression of any nine or more of 14 immune function genes at or above the 0.40 quantile for the population. This model was used to identify immune gene–enriched tumors in arm A and arms B and C. Immune gene enrichment was linked to increased RFS in arms B and C (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.22 to 0.55; P < .001), whereas arm B and C patients who did not exhibit immune gene enrichment did not benefit from trastuzumab (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.62 to 1.28; P = .53). Enriched immune function gene expression as defined by our predictive signature was not associated with increased RFS in arm A (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.37; P = .64). Conclusion Increased expression of a subset of immune function genes may provide a means of predicting benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab.
BF3-Functionalized Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Novel Heterogeneous Solid Acid for Synthesis of Formazan Derivatives via a Green Protocol
Authors: Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Moshtael-Arani Naimeh 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A new type of green heterogeneous solid acid was prepared by the immobilization of BF3·Et2O on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 core–shell nanocomposite (Fe3O4@SiO2–BF3) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDS), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The activity of this super solid acid was probed through the synthesis of aryl diazonium salts as the starting reactant and then, their diazo coupling with aldehyde phenylhydrazones for formation of formazan derivatives in a solvent-free medium at room temperature. This clean and environmentally benign methodology has advantages such as: no need for corrosive and toxic liquid acids, solvents, or buffer solutions, room temperature reaction, high yields, and short reaction times. In addition, long-term stability of aryl diazonium salts supported on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2–BF3 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) at room temperature was one of the most important results of this procedure.
Evaluation of Stretching Properties of [7]Thiaheterohelicene Framework Called “Molecular Spring” Using AFM Force Measurements and Electrostatic State Calculations
Authors: Nakahara Yoshio , Higashi Minako , Funayama Ryoto , Horii Yasuo , Osuga Hideji , Sakamoto Hidefumi , Oda Masato , Kado Shinpei , Kimura Keiichi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The stretching properties of a [7]thiaheterohelicene framework, what we call molecular spring, have not been investigated so far, despite a variety of [7]thiaheterohelicene derivatives having very interesting characteristics due to both the rigidity arising from fused benzene rings and the flexibility like a spring originating from helical structure. In this study, a novel [7]thiaheterohelicene derivative, which has a disulfide moiety for bonding to a gold-coated substrate and a carboxy group for reacting with an amino-modified probe tip at each of its end groups, was synthesized in order to elucidate the elasticity of the [7]thiaheterohelicene framework by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM force measurements were carried out using two carboxy-terminated disulfide derivatives with or without a [7]thiaheterohelicene moiety, and the deviation between two kinds of force–extension curves was related to the stretching originating from the [7]thiaheterohelicene framework here. Furthermore, its elasticity was compared to that of biphenyl, which is generally known as a rigid framework, using electrostatic state calculations.
Response of a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine to Time Varying Wind Conditions Found within the Urban Environment
Authors: Kooiman S.J. , Tullis S.W. 
Published: January 2015

Experimental testing of a vertical axis wind turbine within the urban environment was used to assess the effects that unsteady wind conditions have on the aerodynamic performance of the turbine. Temporal variation of the wind with respect to the direction and velocity fluctuations was quantified and the corresponding performance of the experimental turbine was compared to the base case wind tunnel performance. Theoretical analysis indicated that the performance of the turbine should depend on wind speed fluctuations, while remaining relatively independent of direction fluctuations. Experimental testing confirmed the independence of the direction fluctuations and quantified the impact of the wind speed fluctuations on the turbine performance. The wind speed fluctuations ( Iv = based on a 10 s averaging interval) exhibited minimal impact on the performance for Iv < 0.15, while for greater fluctuations the performance decreased with a roughly linear relationship with increasing Iv.
A note on Ricci flow with Ricci curvature bounded below
Authors: Chen Xiuxiong , Yuan Fang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this note, we will prove that given a sequence of Ricci flows

(

M
k

,

g
k

⁢

(
t
)

)

${(M_{k},g_{k}(t))}$

of dimension n,

t
∈

[

-
1

,
0
]

${t\in[-1,0]}$

, with Ricci curvature bounded below uniformly and volume non-collapsing,

(

M
k

,

g
k

⁢

(
0
)

)

${(M_{k},g_{k}(0))}$

converge as a sequence of manifolds to a limit length space

(
X
,
d
)

${(X,d)}$

. The regular part of

(
X
,
d
)

${(X,d)}$

must be open and the convergence is of

C

1
,
α

${C^{1,\alpha}}$

regularity. As a corollary of this result, we prove that in dimension 3, a Ricci flow can always extend unless either its Ricci curvature goes to

-
∞

${-\infty}$

or it shrinks to a point.