bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct features of neurotransmitter systems in the human brain with focus on the galanin system in locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe
Authors: Le Maître Erwan , Barde Swapnali Shantaram , Palkovits Miklos , Diaz-Heijtz Rochellys , Hökfelt Tomas G. M. 
Published: January 2013

SignificanceFor decades rodents have been used to explore normal brain functions and mechanisms underlying brain diseases. Such data often have been the basis in the search for new drugs. In this study we selected chemical markers associated with central noradrenaline and serotonin neurons, key systems in research on and current treatment of depression, and studied their expression with in situ hybridization in postmortem human brains. The results show some distinct species differences between human and rodent noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons which may better inform the development of novel anxiolytic/antidepressant drugs.
Lake Whitefish Diet, Condition, and Energy Density in Lake Champlain and the Lower Four Great Lakes following Dreissenid Invasions
Authors: Herbst Seth J. , Marsden J. Ellen , Lantry Brian F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis support some of the most valuable commercial freshwater fisheries in North America. Recent growth and condition decreases in Lake Whitefish populations in the Great Lakes have been attributed to the invasion of the dreissenid mussels, zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha and quagga mussels D. bugensis, and the subsequent collapse of the amphipod, Diporeia, a once‐abundant high energy prey source. Since 1993, Lake Champlain has also experienced the invasion and proliferation of zebra mussels, but in contrast to the Great Lakes, Diporeia were not historically abundant. We compared the diet, condition, and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain after the dreissenid mussel invasion to values for those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario. Lake Whitefish were collected using gill nets and bottom trawls, and their diets were quantified seasonally. Condition was estimated using Fulton's condition factor (K) and by determining energy density. In contrast to Lake Whitefish from some of the Great Lakes, those from Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish did not show a dietary shift towards dreissenid mussels, but instead fed primarily on fish eggs in spring, Mysis diluviana in summer, and gastropods and sphaeriids in fall and winter. Along with these dietary differences, the condition and energy density of Lake Whitefish from Lake Champlain were high compared with those of Lake Whitefish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario after the dreissenid invasion, and were similar to Lake Whitefish from Lake Erie; fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario consumed dreissenids, whereas fish from Lake Erie did not. Our comparisons of Lake Whitefish populations in Lake Champlain to those in the Great Lakes indicate that diet and condition of Lake Champlain Lake Whitefish were not negatively affected by the dreissenid mussel invasion.
The reasons of false negative results of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration in the diagnosis of intrapulmonary and mediastinal malignancy
Authors: Tian Qing , Chen Liang‐An , Wang Ren‐Tao , Yang Zhen , An Yang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough the sensitivity can reach 99%, endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) has a significantly high false negative rate for diagnosis and staging of thoracic malignancy. We performed this retrospective study to investigate the causes of false negative results and to improve the efficacy and accuracy of EBUS‐TBNA. We reviewed all patients suspected of intrapulmonary or mediastinal malignancy who undertook EBUS‐TBNA between July 2009 and August 2012 in Chinese PLA general hospital. We retrieved the pathological results of EBUS‐TBNA and video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and follow‐up data. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. 185 patients were included in this study. Diagnosis of malignancy was established on 172 patients by EBUS‐TBNA, and 8 patients with negative EBUS‐TBNA result gained their final diagnosis of malignancy via VATS. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and accuracy for diagnosis of malignancy for EBUS‐TBNA were 96%, 100%, 33% and 96% respectively. Inadequacy of the EBUS‐TBNA specimens, internal necrosis in the lymph nodes and rare cancer types contributed to the false negative EBUS‐TBNA results. VATS is obligatory to explain the negative results of EBUS‐TBNA in patients suspected of malignancy.
Oesophageal complication from button battery ingestion in an infant
Authors: Liao Adelene Y , McDonald David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe substantial risks of button battery ingestion in children have been known to clinicians for some time. Modern button batteries are twice as large (20 mm rather than 10 mm) and twice as powerful (3 V rather than 1.5 V) as older batteries. Ingestion of modern batteries causes earlier and more severe tissue injury, as these larger batteries are more likely to impact at areas of physiological narrowing. A high index of suspicion for ingestion, use of appropriate imaging and early removal of batteries is necessary to prevent complications.
Zero Interest Rates in the United States Provoke World Monetary Instability and Constrict the US Economy
Authors: McKinnon Ronald , Liu Zhao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUnder near zero US interest rates, the international dollar standard malfunctions. Emerging markets (EM) with naturally higher interest rates are swamped with hot money inflows. EM central banks intervene to prevent their currencies from rising precipitately. They lose monetary control and begin inflating. Primary commodity prices rise worldwide unless interrupted by an international banking crisis. This inflation on the dollar's periphery only registers in the US core consumer price index (CPI) with a long lag. The zero interest rate policy also fails to stimulate the US economy as domestic financial intermediation by banks and money market mutual funds is undermined.
Can External Shocks Explain theAsian Side of Global Imbalances? Lessons from a StructuralVARModel with Block Exogeneity
Authors: Gossé Jean‐Baptiste , Guillaumin Cyriac 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring the 2000s, we observed the accumulation of global imbalances resulting primarily from massive current account imbalances in theUSAand in Asia. This paper studies the impact of external shocks on EastAsian countries in order to determine if these can account for theAsian side of global imbalances. To this end, we estimate a structural vector autoregression (VAR) model with block exogeneity using Bayesian inference. The three external shocks are an oil shock, aUSmonetary shock and aUSfinancial shock. Our main findings are as follows: (i) external shocks account for the current account surplus inKorea,Malaysia, thePhilippines,Singapore, andThailand and, to a lesser extent, inJapan andIndonesia; (ii) the oil shock and theUSmonetary shock seem to have influenced current account balances through real and monetary channels, and theUSfinancial shock through the financial channel.
Does a Bilateral FTA Pave the Way for Multilateral Free Trade?
Authors: Nomura Ryoichi , Ohkawa Takao , Okamura Makoto , Tawada Makoto 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe determine whether a bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) acts as a building block for multilateral free trade (MFT) in a three‐country model with asymmetric domestic markets. Our main conclusions are as follows: (i) A bilateral FTA between two large countries can act as a building block for MFT; (ii) A bilateral FTA between two small countries acts as a stumbling block for MFT; (iii) This FTA can be Pareto improving when a multilateral trade agreement is not feasible.
Berriasian and early Valanginian environmental change along a transect from the Jura Platform to the Vocontian Basin
Authors: Morales Chloe , Gardin Silvia , Schnyder Johann , Spangenberg Jorge , Arnaud‐Vanneau Annie , Arnaud Hubert , Adatte Thierry , Föllmi Karl B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractValanginian sedimentary archives display a positive anomaly in the carbon‐isotope record which is associated with a crisis in neritic and pelagic carbonate production. This study aims to reconstruct the evolution of palaeoenvironments in the Jura area and the Vocontian Basin during late Berriasian and early Valanginian times, in order to better understand the controlling factors leading to the Valanginian episode of major environmental change. Three sections along a transect through the Jura platform (Switzerland and France) and the Vocontian Basin (France) have been studied. Stratigraphic correlations have been established by combining biostratigraphy (benthic foraminifera, ammonites and calpionellids), with geochemistry (δ13C trends) and sequence stratigraphy. A change from a rimmed ramp to a swell‐dominated ramp morphology is observed through the Berriasian–Valanginian boundary. The disappearance of the barrier appears to have been controlled by large sea‐level variations in combination with the arrival of significantly more humid climate conditions. This barrier played a major role in the distribution of geochemical, mineralogical and palynological fluxes towards the basin: during the Berriasian, continental fluxes (detrital particles, nutrients, pollen and spores) were buffered by the platform morphology, whereas in the early Valanginian they were more readily transported towards the basin. The initiation of a major transgression onto lateritic soils, leading to their intense reworking, instigated a fertilization of ocean waters during the earliest Valanginian and with that a change towards heterozoan carbonate production, and subsequently to the demise of the already weakened carbonate platform.
Palaeoenvironmental significance of organic facies and stable isotope signatures: the Ladinian San Giorgio Dolomite and Meride Limestone of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland, WHL UNESCO)
Authors: Stockar Rudolf , Adatte Thierry , Baumgartner Peter O. , Föllmi Karl B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe over 600 m thick Ladinian carbonate section of Monte San Giorgio (World Heritage List, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Switzerland), including the San Giorgio Dolomite and the Meride Limestone, was analysed with respect to its sedimentology, organic‐matter content (Rock‐Eval and palynofacies) and stable carbon and oxygen‐isotope composition. Application of geochemical proxies and optical data (transmitted light microscopy, epifluorescence, cathodoluminescence and scanning electron microscopy) allowed the assessment of the relative sea‐level trend and the characterization of the organic‐matter content. Three main organic‐matter assemblages were defined according to their composition and stratigraphic position. Overall, results suggest immature organic matter, predominantly of marine bacterial origin with an upsection‐increasing land plant‐derived contribution. Forcing factors controlling organic‐matter accumulation include changes in sea‐level, productivity and runoff which, in turn, were probably promoted by periods of rainfall following explosive volcanic activity. Enhanced productivity during sea‐level highstands is considered to have played a key role in black‐shale formation under anoxic–sulphidic conditions (mainly in the Besano Formation). In contrast, sea‐level lowstands, coupled with intensified runoff, resulted in increased basin restriction and in deposition of laminated limestone, mainly under lower dysoxic to anoxic conditions (chiefly in the Lower Meride Limestone). Under the latter conditions, benthic microbial activity produced most of the hydrogen‐rich organic matter, contributed to carbonate precipitation and also played a major role in taphonomic control on vertebrate fossil preservation. In more general terms, the Monte San Giorgio section proved to be an excellent testing ground, making it possible to compare diverse approaches with each other and, more specifically, to relate optical evidence to geochemical signatures.
Modulation of Epstein-Barr Virus Glycoprotein B (gB) Fusion Activity by the gB Cytoplasmic Tail Domain
Authors: Garcia Nicholas J. , Chen Jia , Longnecker Richard 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), along with other members of the herpesvirus family, requires a set of viral glycoproteins to mediate host cell attachment and entry. Viral glycoprotein B (gB), a highly conserved glycoprotein within the herpesvirus family, is thought to be the viral fusogen based on structural comparison of EBV gB and herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB with the postfusion crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus fusion protein glycoprotein G (VSV-G). In addition, mutational studies indicate that gB plays an important role in fusion function. In the current study, we constructed a comprehensive library of mutants with truncations of the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) of EBV gB. Our studies indicate that the gB CTD is important in the cellular localization, expression, and fusion function of EBV gB. However, in line with observations from other studies, we conclude that the degree of cell surface expression of gB is not directly proportional to observed fusion phenotypes. Rather, we conclude that other biochemical or biophysical properties of EBV gB must be altered to explain the different fusion phenotypes observed.

IMPORTANCE
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), like all enveloped viruses, fuses the virion envelope to a cellular membrane to allow release of the capsid, resulting in virus infection. To further characterize the function of EBV glycoprotein B (gB) in fusion, a comprehensive library of mutants with truncations in the gB C-terminal cytoplasmic tail domain (CTD) were made. These studies indicate that the CTD of gB is important for the cellular expression and localization of gB, as well as for the function of gB in fusion. These studies will lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of EBV-induced membrane fusion and herpesvirus-induced membrane fusion in general, which will ultimately lead to focused therapies guided at preventing viral entry into host cells.
Gene Expression Changes in Adipose Tissue with Diet- and/or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss
Authors: Campbell Kristin L. , Foster-Schubert Karen E. , Makar Karen W. , Kratz Mario , Hagman Derek , Schur Ellen A. , Habermann Nina , Horton Marc , Abbenhardt Clare , Kuan Ling-Yu , Xiao Liren , Davison Jerry , Morgan Martin , Wang Ching-Yun , Duggan Catherine , McTiernan Anne , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAdipose tissue plays a role in obesity-related cancers via increased production of inflammatory factors, steroid hormones, and altered adipokines. The impact of weight loss on adipose tissue gene expression may provide insights into pathways linking obesity with cancer risk. We conducted an ancillary study within a randomized trial of diet, exercise, or combined diet + exercise versus control among overweight/obese postmenopausal women. In 45 women, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were conducted at baseline and after 6 months, and changes in adipose tissue gene expression were determined by microarray with an emphasis on prespecified candidate pathways as well as by unsupervised clustering of more than 37,000 transcripts (Illumina). Analyses were conducted first by randomization group and then by degree of weight change at 6-months in all women combined. At 6 months, diet, exercise, and diet + exercise participants lost a mean of 8.8, 2.5, and 7.9 kg (all P &lt; 0.05 vs. no change in controls). There was no significant change in candidate gene expression by intervention group. In analysis by weight change category, greater weight loss was associated a decrease in 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (HSD17B1, Ptrend &lt; 0.01) and leptin (LEP, Ptrend &lt; 0.01) expression, and marginally significant increased expression of estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1, Ptrend = 0.08) and insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-3 (IGFBP3, Ptrend = 0.08). Unsupervised clustering revealed 83 transcripts with statistically significant changes. Multiple gene expression changes correlated with changes in associated serum biomarkers. Weight loss was associated with changes in adipose tissue gene expression after 6 months, particularly in two pathways postulated to link obesity and cancer, that is, steroid hormone metabolism and IGF signaling. Cancer Prev Res; 6(3); 217–31. ©2013 AACR.
Efficacy and Safety of Postdilatation to Reduce Paravalvular Regurgitation During Balloon-Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Daneault Benoit , Koss Elana , Hahn Rebecca T. , Kodali Susheel , Williams Mathew R. , Généreux Philippe , Paradis Jean-Michel , George Isaac , Reiss George R. , Moses Jeffrey W. , Smith Craig R. , Leon Martin B. 
Published: January 2013

Background—
Paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) is common after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and may be associated with adverse outcomes. Postdilatation (PD) has been proposed to treat PVR without being formally studied. We performed a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of PD after balloon expandable TAVR.

Methods and Results—

Consecutive cases of TAVR were reviewed for clinical outcomes. Procedural transesophageal echocardiography imaging was reviewed for a subgroup of consecutive patients. PVR areas seen on a short-axis view were measured immediately after deployment, after PD, and at the completion of the study. Stent dimensions measured using angiography and the Paieon’s C-THV system pre- and post-PD were compared. Between May 2007 and November 2011, 259 patients underwent TAVR at our institution. PD was performed in 106 patients (41%). These patients had larger annulus, lower cover-index; more often had transfemoral access and implantation of a 26 mm valve. There was a nonsignificant greater rate of cerebrovascular events in PD patients. There was no significant difference in major aortic injury and permanent pacemaker implantation rates between groups. TTE studies were reviewed in 58 patients (35 with PD and 23 without PD). PD patients had larger PVR areas immediately after deployment (40.3±17.1 versus 15.4±14.2 mm
2
;
P
<0.0001). There was significant reduction in PVR area attributable to PD (21.7±9.3 mm
2
;
P
<0.0001). Spontaneous regression of PVR was seen in both groups. PD increased stent dimensions.

Conclusions—
This study demonstrates the efficacy of PD at reducing PVR in patients with greater than mild PVR after balloon-expandable TAVR.
Neuroimaging Findings in Cryptogenic Stroke Patients With and Without Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Thaler David E. , Ruthazer Robin , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Di Tullio Marco R. , Donovan Jennifer S. , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Griffith John , Homma Shunichi , Jaigobin Cheryl , Mas Jean-Louis , Mattle Heinrich P. , Michel Patrik , Mono Marie-Luise , Nedeltchev Krassen , Papetti Federica , Serena Joaquín , Weimar Christian , Kent David M. 
Published: January 2013

Background and Purpose—
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) and cryptogenic stroke are commonly associated but some PFOs are incidental. Specific radiological findings associated with PFO may be more likely to indicate a PFO-related cause. We examined whether specific radiological findings are associated with PFO among subjects with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status.

Methods—
We analyzed the Risk of Paradoxical Embolism(RoPE) Study database of subjects with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status, for associations between PFO and: (1) index stroke seen on imaging, (2) index stroke size, (3) index stroke location, (4) multiple index strokes, and (5) prior stroke on baseline imaging. We also compared imaging with purported high-risk echocardiographic features.

Results—

Subjects (N=2680) were significantly more likely to have a PFO if their index stroke was large (odds ratio [OR], 1.36;
P
=0.0025), seen on index imaging (OR, 1.53;
P
=0.003), and superficially located (OR, 1.54;
P
<0.0001). A prior stroke on baseline imaging was associated with not having a PFO (OR, 0.66;
P
<0.0001). Finding multiple index strokes was unrelated to PFO status (OR, 1.21;
P
=0.161). No echocardiographic variables were related to PFO status.

Conclusions—
This is the largest study to report the radiological characteristics of patients with cryptogenic stroke and known PFO status. Strokes that were large, radiologically apparent, superficially located, or unassociated with prior radiological infarcts were more likely to be PFO-associated than were unapparent, smaller, or deep strokes, and those accompanied by chronic infarcts. There was no association between PFO and multiple acute strokes nor between specific echocardiographic PFO features with neuroimaging findings.
Unmaking Neoliberal Europe: Capitalist Crisis and the Search for Alternatives
Authors: Schmidt Ingo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe first part of this article situates the Euro-crisis in the larger context of the world economic crisis 2008/9 and then looks at the imbalances between creditor and debtor countries within the Euro-zone. These imbalances predate the introduction of the Euro, but sharpened massively since the start of European Monetary Union. These imbalances are the economic core of the Euro-crisis. The second part of the article looks at economic policies and argues that the austerity measures prescribed by the EU Commission, European Central Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF) deepened the economic crisis and led to the outbreak of an already looming crisis of legitimacy in the Euro-zone and the EU at large. This latter crisis fosters economic nationalism and thus impedes any kind of EU-level response to the Euro-crisis.
Paradox of Globalization: New Arab Publics? New Social Contract?
Authors: DeVriese Leila 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBecause social media is playing an irrefutable role in the Arab Spring uprisings the central question in this article is to what extent Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in general, and social media in specific, are contributing to the democratization of the public sphere and shifting the monopoly on agenda setting in the Arab Gulf, particularly in the case of Bahrain? How will these technologies continue to shape contentious politics in the Middle East and will their utility for democratizing and expanding the public sphere persist in the aftermath of the Arab Spring? Or will the increasing liberalization of media and freedom of expression that had preceded the Arab Spring experience a repressive backlash as authoritarian states attempt to clamp down on social and traditional media—or even harness them for their own purposes as seen by Facebook intimidation campaigns against activists in Bahrain last Spring. Finally—using the lens of social movement theory—what repertoires of contention and political opportunity structures will pro-democracy activists use to keep their campaigns alive? Activists in the Gulf have not only incorporated the ICTs into their repertoire, but have also changed substantially what counts as activism, what counts as community, collective identity, democratic space, public sphere, and political strategy. Ironically this new technology has succeeded in reviving and expanding the practice of discursive dialog that had once characterized traditional tribal politics in the Arabian Peninsula.
Globalization and the Crisis of Democracy
Authors: Harris Jerry , Davidson Carl 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Democracy and economic rights developed as part of capitalism because of the historic struggles of the working class and poor. Consequently the social contract became an important element in maintaining the legitimacy of the system. But globalization has freed the transnational capitalist class from its historic national commitments. Instead we see an emerging technocratic authoritarianism that differs from twentieth century fascism.