bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compression map: Improved means for studying Carboniferous foliage
Authors: Zodrow Erwin L. , D'Angelo Jose A. 
Published: November 2013

A medullosalean-pteridosperm specimen, 22 cm long, from the Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada, illustrates the advantage of studying the fossilization history of compressed foliage freed from the rock matrix by hydrofluoric acid, as compared to the examination of compressions still in the rock matrix. The image of any freed frond segment of compression foliage that has been reprocessed digitally to represent its original structure is called a compression map. Interpretation of a compression map is reliant on a physicogeochemical model of preservation processes.RÉSUMÉUn spécimen fossile d’une ptéridospermée du genre Medulossa mesurant 22 cm de longueur et excavé dans le bassin houiller de Sydney, en Nouvelle-Écosse (Canada), illustre bien l’avantage d’étudier l’histoire géologique de fossiles de feuilles extraits de la matrice rocheuse au moyen de l’acide fluorhydrique plutôt que d’examiner des compressions qui sont encore dans la matrice. On désigne carte de compression l’image d’un segment de fronde compressé extrait de la matrice dont on a fait l’extrapolation numérique pour voir sa structure originale. L’interprétation d’une carte de compression repose sur un modèle physicogéochimique des processus de préservation.[Traduit par la redaction]
Re-Os geochronological constraints on the mineralizing events within the Mount Pleasant Caldera: implications for the timing of sub-volcanic magmatism
Authors: Thorne Kathleen G , Fyffe Leslie R , Creaser Robert A 
Published: November 2013

The Mount Pleasant granite-related polymetallic deposit, located on the southwestern margin of the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous Mount Pleasant Caldera Complex in southwestern New Brunswick, contains a significant resource of tin, tungsten, molybdenum, zinc, indium, and bismuth. The Caldera Complex comprises Intracaldera, Exocaldera, and Late Caldera-Fill sequences and associated subvolcanic granitic rocks. Three granitic phases of the Mount Pleasant Granitic Suite (Granite I, II, and III) are recognized in the vicinity of the Mount Pleasant deposit and are interpreted to be fractionates of the more regionally exposed McDougall Brook Granitic Suite. Granite I and Granite II are associated with tungsten-molybdenum-bismuth, and tin-zinc-indium mineralization, respectively. Despite extensive research within the Caldera Complex, the exact age of mineralization at Mount Pleasant has never been firmly established. An inferred age of 363 ± 2 Ma was based on the proposed synchronicity of the U-Pb dated Bailey Rock Rhyolite of the Exocaldera Sequence with that of the undated McDougall Brook Granitic Suite, which intrudes the Intracaldera Sequence. Here, we present Re-Os dating of two molybdenite samples associated with the tungsten mineralization related to Granite I at the Fire Tower Zone, that constrain the initial onset of mineralization at Mount Pleasant to be between 369.7±1.6 Ma and 370.1±1.7 Ma. The new Re-Os ages clearly indicate that the McDougall Brook Granitic Suite, which pre-dates mineralization, must be at least seven million years older than the Bailey Rock Rhyolite, whose type-section is located within the Exocaldera Sequence. A re-examination of the gradational relationship between the McDougall Brook Granitic Suite and purported rocks of Bailey Rock Rhyolite within the Intracaldera Sequence revealed that the latter should instead be assigned to the Seelys Formation. Thus, deposition of the polymetallic mineralization likely took place contemporaneously with caldera collapse and an early phase of resurgent doming in response to degassing of the magma chamber rather than being coincident with erosion of the volcanic edifice as inferred from previous modeling of the eruptive history at Mount Pleasant.
Water footprint of biofuels in Brazil: assessing regional differences
Authors: Hernandes Thayse A. Dourado , Bufon Vinicius Bof , Seabra Joaquim E. A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expected expansion of bioenergy in Brazil has raised concerns about the implications for its current comfortable situation of water resources availability. As water availability within the Brazilian territory is uneven, the bioenergy expansion might represent different impacts on the water resources of different regions. This work assessed, at the municipal and state levels, (i) the green and blue water footprint (WF) of the main liquid biofuels produced in Brazil (sugarcane ethanol and biodiesel); (ii) the impacts of full and salvage irrigation strategies on sugarcane WF; and (iii) the water demand for different agricultural land use scenarios. For the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Goiás, the WF of sugarcane ethanol was evaluated around 71 L MJ–1, while in the state of Paraná it reaches 100 L MJ–1. For biodiesel, values were between 40 and 50 L MJ–1. The blue WF was negligible for both biofuels, as the use of irrigation is still limited in Brazil today. Additionally, the analysis showed that full and salvage irrigation strategies would lead to lower WFs in all states considered, though in the expense of larger volumes of blue WF. Regarding land use change, the results suggested that additional evapotranspiration is occurring due to sugarcane expansion. Nevertheless, given the current situation of the Brazilian water basins, there is no evidence that sugarcane expansion over these areas will lead to critical pressure on water resources. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii dybowski, 1872: Morphology and diversity
Authors: Pushchin Igor , Karetin Yuriy 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe studied the morphology and diversity of retinal ganglion cells in the Pacific redfin, Tribolodon brandtii. These cells were retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase and examined in retinal whole mounts. A sample of 203 cells was drawn with a camera lucida. A total of 19 structural parameters were estimated for each cell, and a variety of clustering algorithms were used to classify the cells. The optimal solution was determined by using silhouette analysis. It was based on three variables associated with dendritic field size and dendrite stratification in the retina. Kruskal‐Wallis ANOVA‐on‐ranks with post hoc Mann‐Whitney U tests showed significant pairwise between‐cluster differences in two or more of the original variables. In total, eight cell types were discovered. The advantages and drawbacks of the methodology adopted are discussed. The present classification is compared with classifications proposed for other teleosts. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1355–1372, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential DNA methylation between two wing phenotypes adults of Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Zhou Xiaosui , Chen Jialin , Shike Liang Meizhang , Wang Fanghai 
Published: November 2013

SummarySogatella furcifera is a major rice pest with wing dimorphism. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that plays a role in gene regulation and phenotype variation in most organisms. The objective of the current research was to survey the frequencies and variation of cytosine methylation at CCGG sequences in macropterous female adults (MFA) and brachypterous female adults (BFA) of S. furcifera, and to determine the occurrence of methylation changes associated with wing phenotypes by using methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP). No differences were found in the average proportions of methylated CCGG sites between MFA and BFA, but there were significant differences for methylation patterns between MFA and BFA. The fully methylated ratio was 5.81% in BFA, much higher than 2.40% in MFA; while the hemi‐methylated ratio was 4.35% in BFA, much lower than 8.35% in MFA. These results provide circumstantial evidence that DNA methylation might be related to wing phenotype variation in S. furcifera. We also cloned and got 14 satisfactory sequences, which displayed variable cytosine methylation patterns between MFA and BFA. All these data will facilitate the researches on the epigenetic mechanisms of insect wing polymorphism. genesis 51:819–826. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution polarimetric X‐band weather radar observations at the Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research
Authors: Otto Tobias , Russchenberg Herman W. J. 
Published: November 2013

In 2007, the horizontally scanning polarimetric X‐band radar IDRA (IRCTR Drizzle Radar) was installed on top of the 213 m high mast at the Dutch meteorological observatory Cabauw Experimental Site for Atmospheric Research (CESAR) at Netherlands. This radar complements a large variety of measurement instruments at CESAR by providing information on the horizontally spatial distribution and the temporal evolution of precipitation around the site. IDRA is a frequency‐modulated continuous‐wave radar developed at TU Delft's International Research Centre for Telecommunications and Radar (IRCTR). IDRA is designed to provide a high spatial resolution (down to 3 m in range) at a temporal resolution of 1 min. Its central frequency of 9.475 GHz, sensitive receivers with a large dynamic range, and the possibility to adjust the power of the transmitted signal permit IDRA to measure the whole spectrum of meteorological echoes from low‐level clouds and drizzle to heavy convective rain. Similarly to most data collected at CESAR, also the data collected by IDRA are freely available for scientific purposes. IDRA data are stored at the Dutch 3TU.Datacentrum in order to make it easily accessible for everyone. In this article, we outline the IDRA dataset, including details on the data acquisition, processing, and possible applications.
N‐methylnitrosourea–induced carcinoma as a model for laryngeal carcinogenesis
Authors: Caicedo–Granados Emiro , Galbraith Arthur R. , Schachern Monika G. , Hartle Donna E. , Wattenberg Lee W. , Wuertz Beverly R. , Keel Suzanne , Yueh Bevan , Ondrey Frank G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPreclinical animal models to study laryngeal cancer are nonexistent. The purpose of this study was to describe a novel mice laryngeal cancer model.MethodsA total of 18 six‐week‐old A/J mice were used. Animals underwent microdirect laryngoscopy, superficial larynx scratching, and instillation of N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosourea (MNU) at 2 different concentrations (15 μL and 30 μL) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to the control group directly to the larynx. Mice received a total of 5 instillations of MNU or DMSO at 1‐week intervals. Mice were euthanized at 20 and 30 weeks after the last intervention and laryngeal histology was analyzed.ResultsLaryngeal instillation of MNU caused a 60% cancer conversion in the study group.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing a murine laryngeal carcinogenesis model using direct topical instillation of MNU. This is the first murine model of laryngeal cancer and has great potential for evaluating new agents for chemoprevention and treatment for laryngeal carcinoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 36: 1802–1806, 2013
Self‐assembled rosette nanotubes and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels promote skin cell functions
Authors: Sun Linlin , Li Dongni , Hemraz Usha D. , Fenniri Hicham , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe next generation skin of wound healing materials should stimulate skin regeneration by actively promoting appropriate cellular adhesion and proliferation. As materials with novel self‐assembling and solidification properties when transitioning from room to body temperatures, rosette nanotubes (RNTs) may be such a proactive material. RNTs resemble naturally occurring nanostructures in the skin (such as collagen and keratin) assembling with noncovalent forces in physiological environments. Presenting desirable bioactive properties, RNTs have been used for various tissue engineering applications including increasing in vivo bone and cartilage regeneration. The objective of the current in vitro study was, for the first time, to improve properties of a commonly used hydrogel (poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) or pHEMA) for skin regeneration by incorporating one type of novel self‐assembled RNTs, called TBL. Results showed for the first time increased keratinocyte and fibroblast proliferation on hydrogels coated with TBLs compared to those not coated with TBL. In this manner, this study provides the first evidence that TBL RNTs are promising for wound healing applications due to their optimal cytocompatibility, solidification, and mechanical properties and, thus, should be further studied for such applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3446–3451, 2014.
Enhanced cardioprotective effects mediated by plasmid containing the short‐hairpin RNA of angiotensin converting enzyme with a biodegradable hydrogel after myocardial infarction
Authors: Wan Wei‐Guo , Jiang Xue‐Jun , Li Xiao‐Yan , Zhang Cui , Yi Xin , Ren Shan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe expression of foreign gene was enhanced and prolonged by sustained releasing a target gene to cells from biodegradable dextran‐poly(e‐caprolactone)‐2‐hydroxylethylmethacrylate‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (Dex‐PCL‐HEMA/PNIPAAm) hydrogel in vitro. Moreover, we have demonstrated that injection of the same hydrogel improved post‐infarct ventricular remodeling. Therefore, we hypothesized that intramyocardial injection of plasmid containing the short‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) with the same hydrogel enhances the cardioprotective effects superior to either alone or after rat myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, equal volume of phosphate‐buffered solution (PBS), 10 μg ACE‐shRNA plasmids, hydrogel containing 10 μg negative control ACE‐shRNA plasmids and hydrogel containing 10 μg ACE‐shRNA plasmids were shortly injected into the infarct area of rats after MI, respectively. We found that ACE‐shRNA plasmid‐loaded hydrogel extended the duration of gene expression in vivo. Moreover, it was shown that direct intramyocardial injection of ACE‐shRNA plasmid‐loaded hydrogel significantly decreased the expression of local ACE expression, inhibited cell apoptosis, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function compared with the injection of either alone 30 days after MI in rats. These results suggest that injection of ACE‐shRNA plasmid‐loaded hydrogel into impaired myocardium obtains more cardioprotective effects than either alone in rat with MI by prolonging the gene silencing of ACE. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3452–3458, 2014.
Degradation and biocompatibility of multistage nanovectors in physiological systems
Authors: Martinez Jonathan O. , Evangelopoulos Michael , Chiappini Ciro , Liu Xuewu , Ferrari Mauro , Tasciotti Ennio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe careful scrutiny of drug delivery systems is essential to evaluate and justify their potential for the clinic. Among the various studies necessary for preclinical testing, the impact of degradation is commonly overlooked. In this article, we investigate the effect of fabrication (porosity and nucleation layer) and environment (buffer and pH) factors on the degradation kinetics of multistage nanovectors (MSV) composed of porous silicon. The degradation by‐products of MSV were exposed to endothelial cells and analyzed for detrimental effects on cellular internalization, architecture, proliferation, and cell cycle. Increases in porosity resulted in accelerated degradation exhibiting smaller‐sized particles at comparable times. Removal of the nucleation layer (thin layer of small pores formed during the initial steps of etching) triggered a premature collapse of the entire central porous region of MSV. Variations in buffers prompted a faster degradation rate yielding smaller MSV within faster time frames, whereas increases in pH stimulated erosion of MSV and thus faster degradation. In addition, exposure to these degradation by‐products provoked negligible impact on the proliferation and cell cycle phases on primary endothelial cells. In this study, we propose methods that lay the foundation for future investigations toward understanding the impact of the degradation of drug delivery platforms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3540–3549, 2014.
Magnesium degradation products: Effects on tissue and human metabolism
Authors: Seitz J.‐M. , Eifler R. , Bach Fr.‐W. , Maier H. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOwing to their mechanical properties, metallic materials present a promising solution in the field of resorbable implants. The magnesium metabolism in humans differs depending on its introduction. The natural, oral administration of magnesium via, for example, food, essentially leads to an intracellular enrichment of Mg2+. In contrast, introducing magnesium‐rich substances or implants into the tissue results in a different decomposition behavior. Here, exposing magnesium to artificial body electrolytes resulted in the formation of the following products: magnesium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and magnesium chloride, as well as calcium and magnesium apatites. Moreover, it can be assumed that Mg2+, OH− ions, and gaseous hydrogen are also present and result from the reaction for magnesium in an aqueous environment. With the aid of physiological metabolic processes, the organism succeeds in either excreting the above mentioned products or integrating them into the natural metabolic process. Only a burst release of these products is to be considered a problem. A multitude of general tissue effects and responses from the Mg's degradation products is considered within this review, which is not targeting specific implant classes. Furthermore, common alloying elements of magnesium and their hazardous potential in vivo are taken into account. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 3744–3753, 2014.
Primary care physician communication at hospital discharge reduces medication discrepancies
Authors: Lindquist Lee A. , Yamahiro Atsuko , Garrett Arianne , Zei Charles , Feinglass Joseph M. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDMedication discrepancies are common as patients transition from hospital to home. Errors with post‐discharge medication regimens may play a role in hospital readmissions.OBJECTIVESTo determine whether primary care physician (PCP) contact with patients at hospital discharge impacts the frequency of medication discrepancies at 24 hours post‐discharge.DESIGNWith the PCP‐Enhanced Discharge Communication Intervention, PCPs were asked to speak with treating hospitalists and contact patients within 24 hours of hospital discharge (either in person or by phone) to discuss any hospital medication changes. Research staff enrolled subjects during their hospitalization and telephoned subjects 48 hours post‐discharge to determine medication discrepancies and PCP contact.PARTICIPANTSOne hundred fourteen community‐dwelling adults, admitted to acute medicine services >24 hours on ≥5 medications.RESULTSOf the 114 subjects enrolled in the hospital, 75 subjects completed 48 hours postdischarge phone interviews. Of the 75 study patients, 39 patients (50.6%) experienced a total of 84 medication discrepancies (mean, 2.1 discrepancies/patient). Subjects who were contacted by their PCP at discharge were 70% less likely to have a discrepancy when compared with those not contacted (P = 0.04). Males were 4.34 times more likely to have a discrepancy (P = 0.02).CONCLUSIONPCP communication with patients within 24 hours of discharge was associated with decreased medication discrepancies. Our results further demonstrate the importance of PCP involvement in the hospital discharge process. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:672–677. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
The role of the human microbiome in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery: A contemporary review
Authors: Hong Paul , Liu Cindy M. , Nordstrom Lora , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe human microbiome represents the collective genomes and gene products of microbes living within and on humans. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the current microbiome literature pertaining to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery.Data SourceOvid MEDLINE.MethodsScientific publications with clinical correlates.ResultsHuman microbiome studies have been facilitated by culture‐independent, high‐throughput sequencing methods. Data from the Human Microbiome Project has shown that the composition of the human microbiome is specific to each body site and that each individual has a unique microbiome. Alterations in the human microbiome are associated with some disease states; thus, novel therapeutic strategies are being developed based on concepts and findings stemming from microbiome research.ConclusionsAlthough a growing body of research shows potential significance of the human microbiome for human health and disease, there is a paucity of microbiome studies in otolaryngology. More studies are required to increase our understanding of the indigenous microbiota and their effects on diseases of the head and neck.Level of EvidenceLaryngoscope, 124:1352–1357, 2014
What Happens the Morning After? The Costs and Benefits of Expanding Access to Emergency Contraception
Authors: Gross Tal , Lafortune Jeanne , Low Corinne 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmergency contraception (EC) can prevent pregnancy after sex, but only if taken within 72 hours of intercourse. Over the past 15 years, access to EC has been expanded at both the state and federal level. This paper studies the impact of those policies. We find that expanded access to EC has had no statistically significant effect on birth or abortion rates. Expansions of access, however, have changed the venue in which the drug is obtained, shifting its provision from hospital emergency departments to pharmacies. We find evidence that this shift may have led to a decrease in reports of sexual assault.
Increased rate of lung function decline in Australian adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Welsh Liam , Robertson Colin F. , Ranganathan Sarath C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIntroductionThough baseline lung function as measured by spirometry in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) has improved, the annual rate of decline has not changed significantly during the critical period of adolescence. The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with longitudinal decline in lung function in a contemporary cohort of children with CF.MethodsBest annual lung function data from children attending the CF service of the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne were reviewed to determine rate of decline in FEV1 up until time of transfer to an adult center. Mixed models were used to determine the influence of age, sex, genotype, newborn screening, respiratory hospitalization, CF related diabetes mellitus (CFRD), pancreatic insufficiency, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PsA) infection, and body mass index (BMI) on lung function decline.ResultsLongitudinal lung function data (range 5–20 years) were obtained for 98 patients with CF (55 male). Overall, the annual rate of decline in FEV1 % predicted for the entire cohort was 1.4% per annum though the greatest rate of FEV1 decline was seen during adolescence (2.6%). Increasing age, homozygous ΔF508 genotype, CFRD, mucoid PsA infection, pancreatic insufficiency and respiratory hospitalizations were all significant predictors of FEV1 decline.ConclusionFEV1 declines at its sharpest rate during adolescence even in the presence of newborn screening. Genotype, increasing age, CFRD, PsA infection, pancreatic insufficiency and a greater number of respiratory hospitalizations are all associated with an increased rate of lung function decline in Australian children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:873–877. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.