bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiuser MIMO receivers for space frequency block coded SC‐FDMA systems
Authors: Chang Jui‐Chi , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Wang Hsuan‐Fu , Hsu Ming‐Hsiao 
Published: March 2014

SummarySingle carrier‐frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) has been adopted as the uplink transmission standard in fourth generation cellular network to enable the power efficiency transmission in mobile station. Because multiuser MIMO (MU‐MIMO) is a promising technology to fully exploit the channel capacity in mobile radio network, this paper investigates the uplink transmission of SC‐FDMA systems with orthogonal space frequency block codes (SFBC). Two linear MU‐MIMO receivers, orthogonal SFBC (OSFBC) and minimum mean square error (MMSE), are derived for the scenarios with limited number of users or adequate receive antennas at base station. In order to effectively eliminate the multiple access interference (MAI) and fully exploit the capacity of MU‐MIMO channel, we propose a turbo MU‐MIMO receiver, which iteratively utilizes the soft information from maximum a posteriori decoder to cancel the MAI. By the simulation results in several typical MIMO channels, we find that the proposed MMSE MU‐MIMO receiver outperforms the OSFBC receiver over 1 dB at the cost of higher complexity. However, the proposed turbo MU‐MIMO receivers can effectively cancel the MAI under overloaded channel conditions and really achieve the capacity of MU‐MIMO channel. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expanding the Younger Worker Employment Relationship: Insights From Values‐Based Organizations
Authors: Winter Richard P. , Jackson Brent A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article aims to expand understanding of managing younger workers by making work values central to their employment relationship. Attention is focused on values‐based organizations where intrinsic values of societal contribution, work‐life balance, and inclusive management practices may take on added significance for younger workers. Asking younger workers to explain what “success” or “efficiency” means to them in their work provides a window into the values‐based reasoning underpinning younger workers' work‐related attitudes and behavior. Person‐organization values fit findings suggest areas where the younger worker employment relationship has possibly expanded (prosocial work, direct communication, managers as mentors, work‐life balance). Implications for managing younger workers in values‐based contexts are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring similarity and improving stability in biomarker identification methods applied to Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
Authors: Trevisan Júlio , Park Juhyun , Angelov Plamen P. , Ahmadzai Abdullah A. , Gajjar Ketan , Scott Andrew D. , Carmichael Paul L. , Martin Francis L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFTIR spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool that can also derive biochemical signatures of a wide range of cellular materials, such as cytology, histology, live cells, and biofluids. However, while classification is a well‐established subject, biomarker identification lacks standards and validation of its methods. Validation of biomarker identification methods is difficult because, unlike classification, there is usually no reference biomarker against which to test the biomarkers extracted by a method. In this paper, we propose a framework to assess and improve the stability of biomarkers derived by a method, and to compare biomarkers derived by different method set‐ups and between different methods by means of a proposed “biomarkers similarity index”. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Perchlorate removal by autotrophic bacteria associated with zero‐valent iron: effect of calcium ions
Authors: Liang Shuang , Shi Qiong , Gao Xinyu , Yang Huichun , Wang Shuguang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study attempts to elucidate the complex effect of Ca2+, an important divalent cation widely present in aqueous media, on perchlorate removal by autotrophic perchlorate reducing bacteria (PRB) associated with a zero‐valent iron (ZVI) system.RESULTSBatch flask test results showed that, in the presence of larger amounts of Ca2+, perchlorate removal initiated earlier and completed faster. According to the increase of differential chloride concentration, the respective contribution of biodegradation to perchlorate removal was evaluated and found to be improved with increasing amount of Ca2+. It appears that Ca2+ can delay pH increase by combining with OH− and can consequently extend biodegradation time. Despite the major contribution of biodegradation, when ZVI and Ca2+ co‐existed, physiochemical perchlorate removal occurred earlier by both adsorption via surface charge neutralization and co‐precipitation via formation of larger particles. The positive effect of Ca2+ was further evidenced in subsequent continuous column tests. As empty bed residence time (EBRT) was decreased, more reliable and effective perchlorate removal performance was observed with additional Ca2+ concentration of 240 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONPerchlorate removal by a PRB‐ZVI system can be significantly improved with increasing amounts of Ca2+, which can be reasonably understood by the enhanced biodegradation and physiochemical removal process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of glass particle size of resin cements on bonding to glass ceramic: SEM and bond strength evaluation
Authors: Valentini Fernanda , Moraes Rafael R. , Pereira‐Cenci Tatiana , Boscato Noéli 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of the filler particle size (micron or submicron) of experimental resin cements on the microtensile bond strength to a glass‐ceramic pretreated with hydrofluoric acid (HFA) etching or alumina airborne‐particle abrasion (AA). Cements were obtained from a Bis‐GMA/TEGDMA mixture filled with 60 mass% micron‐sized (1 ± 0.2 µm) or submicron‐sized (180 ± 30 µm) Ba‐Si‐Al glass particles. Ceramic blocks (PM9; VITA) were treated with 10% HFA for 60 s or AA for 15 s. Silane and adhesive were applied. Ceramic blocks were bonded to resin composite blocks (Z250; 3M ESPE) using one of the cements. Bonded specimens were sectioned into beams (n = 20/group) and subjected to microtensile bond strength tests. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student‐Newman‐Keuls' tests (5%). Failure modes were classified under magnification. Morphologies of the treated ceramic surfaces and bonded interfaces were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The HFA‐submicron group had lower bond strengths than the other groups. All AA‐submicron specimens debonded prematurely. Mixed failures were predominant for HFA groups, whereas interfacial failures predominated for AA groups. SEM revealed a honeycomb‐like aspect in the HFA‐treated ceramic, whereas the AA‐treated groups showed an irregular retentive pattern. Continuity of cement infiltration along the bonded interface was more uniform for HFA‐treated compared to AA‐treated specimens. Cracks toward the bulk of the ceramic were observed in AA‐treated specimens. Particle size significantly influenced the ceramic bond strength, whereas surface treatment had a minor effect. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:363–367, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Troubleshooting in geoelectrical prospecting using real‐coded genetic algorithm with chromosomal extrapolation
Authors: Calixto Wesley Pacheco , Paulo Coimbra A. , Mota Jesus Carlos da , Wu Marcel , da Silva Wander G. , Alvarenga Bernardo , Brito Leonardo da Cunha , Alves Aylton Jose , Domingues Elder Geraldo , Neto Daywes Pinheiro 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThis work presents a genetic operator developed from mathematical methods of curve extrapolation applied in solving problems in geoelectrical prospection. This operator will assist the production of fitter individuals in the population of a genetic algorithm in which inherent patterns of the best individuals of each generation are recognized. The proposed operator in conjunction with a real‐coded genetic algorithm is compared to five alternative optimization techniques known and used in the application to problems in geoelectrical prospection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between hypotension, cerebral flow, and the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Ha Thanh Ngoc , van Renen Robert Graham , Ludbrook Guy L. , Valentine Rowan , Ou Judy , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: March 2014

Objectives/HypothesisHypotensive anesthesia is often used in endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to improve surgical visibility; however, its safety and efficacy in this role are yet to be justified. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of hypotensive anesthesia on both real‐time middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (Vmca) and the severity of surgical bleeding in patients undergoing ESS.Study DesignProspective, observational cohort study.MethodsThirty‐two patients undergoing hypotensive anesthesia for ESS at a single tertiary institution during February 2011 to July 2012 were recruited for the study. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography measured periodic Vmca, which were time‐matched for hemodynamic and respiratory factors. One‐minute video segments corresponding with each Vmca reading were randomized and distributed to two blinded observers for bleeding assessment.ResultsThree hundred and fifty‐six data time points were recorded for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulse rate, respiratory rate, end‐tidal carbon dioxide concentration, Vmca, and bleeding assessment score (BAS). A direct relationship exists between MAP and Vmca (r = 0.77, P < .0001) as well as MAP and BAS (r = 0.36, P < .0001). MAP levels above 60 mm Hg maintained at least 50% of baseline Vmca flow in almost 90% of all time points.ConclusionsHypotensive anesthesia is an effective method of controlling intraoperative bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery; however the effect is clinically small in low MAP ranges. In otherwise healthy patients undergoing ESS with general anesthesia, reducing MAP to below 60 mm Hg may increase the risk of cerebral ischemia.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope 124:2224–2230, 2014
Formation of a Copillar[5]arene‐Based Supramolecular Polymer in Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Gao Lingyan , Zhang Zibin , Dong Shengyi , Xue Min 
Published: March 2014

A linear supramolecular polymer based on the self‐assembly of an easily available copillar[5]arene monomer is efficiently prepared, which is evidenced by the NMR spectroscopy, viscosity measurement, and DOSY experiment. The single‐crystal X‐ray analysis reveals that the polymerization of the AB‐type monomer is driven by the quadruple CH•••π interactions and one CH•••O interaction.
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Anatomical and ultrasound correlation of the superficial branch of the radial nerve
Authors: Meng Stefan , Tinhofer Ines , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Grisold Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: This anatomical study evaluates the role and correlation of ultrasound (US) with anatomy in depicting the superficial branch of the radial nerve (SBRN) and to evaluate the feasibility of US guided perineural infiltration as a potential therapeutic option in Wartenberg syndrome. Methods: Twenty‐one arms from 11 non‐embalmed cadavers were examined with US. Under US guidance perineural injection with ink was performed proximal to the site where the SBRN perforates the forearm fascia. The distribution of ink around the nerve was evaluated with dissection. Results: US allowed the distinction of the SBRN segments and their relation to the fascia. In all cases, the subfascial segment was stained. In only 57% the subfascially applied ink also reached the subcutaneous compartment. Conclusions: With US it is possible to examine and differentiate all segments of the SBRN. US guidance can be used for perineural injection of all relevant segments. Muscle Nerve 50: 939–942, 2014
The modal reduction method for multi‐body dynamics with non‐smooth contact
Authors: Lozovskiy Alexander 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThe elastic multi‐body system dynamics is studied from the prospect of modal reduction. The bodies are seen as stiff, close to rigid, subjected to non‐smooth contact interactions, such as collisions and dry friction. The finite element degrees of freedom of the bodies are represented either through the method of a floating frame of reference or the classical small deformation method in the global frame. The numerical modal reduction strategy based on Craig–Bampton representation of the current degrees of freedom is suggested. The method is general and may be applied to both quasi‐static and dynamic simulations. The key modeling assumption for the method is that the neglected modes have constant response in time. Numerical experiments, where the method is examined and compared with modally full floating frame approach, show satisfying accuracy while achieving significant computational savings. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal evaluation of the conus medullaris position in normal fetuses and fetuses with spina bifida occulta using three‐dimensional ultrasonography
Authors: Lei Ting , Xie Hong‐Ning , Zheng Ju , Feng Jie‐Ling , Du Liu , Wang Nan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the fetal conus medullaris (CM) position with three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography and its use in detecting and diagnosing spina bifida occulta (SBO).MethodsWe examined 150 normal fetuses (gestational age, 20–38 weeks) and 14 fetuses with SBO. All fetuses underwent prenatal 3D ultrasonography, and the CM position in relation to the vertebral body was evaluated using volume contrast imaging. Intra‐ and inter‐observer agreements were assessed using weighted kappa. The correlation between gestational age and CM level was determined by linear regression analysis.ResultsOperators successfully located the CM position in 145 cases. The CM was at L3 or higher in all normal group cases. A linear relationship was noted between gestational age (X) and CM position (Y) (Y = 0.118X + 6.011, R2 = 0.679, P < 0.001). The weighted kappa values for intra‐ and inter‐observer agreement were 1.0 and 0.788, respectively. The CM was located at L3 in one case and lower than L3 in 13 cases in the SBO group. All values were below the fifth percentile for the normal group.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional ultrasonography may accurately determine the CM vertebral level. Prenatal evaluation of the CM position may improve the detection and diagnosis of SBO. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput quantification of stabilizers in polymeric materials by flow injection tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Beißmann Susanne , Reisinger Michael , Reimann Andreas , Klampfl Christian W. , Buchberger Wolfgang 
Published: March 2014

RATIONALEHigh‐throughput methods for identification and quantification of stabilizers in plastic materials are of significant importance in order to evaluate the suitability of materials of unknown origin for specific application areas, to clarify reasons for failure of materials, or for comparison of materials from different sources.METHODSIn the present study, a highly sensitive and rapid flow injection method coupled to selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MS) for comprehensive analysis of 21 polymer stabilizers in polyolefins is demonstrated. A critical factor for this approach is the choice of ionization mode, as no separation was performed prior to MS detection. Differences between several ionization techniques regarding matrix effects are reported.RESULTSAtmospheric pressure chemical ionization was found to be the most suitable ionization technique, with no significant matrix effects observed. The developed method has a linear dynamic range over two to three orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients better than 0.99 for all studied analytes. Following a multistep sample preparation protocol, the method allowed quantification down to minimum values of between 0.0001 and 0.04 wt% depending on the type of stabilizer. Results were compared to an established chromatographic approach and showed very good correlation (bias below 7.5%).CONCLUSIONSThe applicability of the optimized method could be demonstrated for both the qualitative and quantitative determination of polymer stabilizers in polyolefins. Furthermore, the described approach yields a complete analysis in a much shorter time than can be achieved with commonly applied chromatographic methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Electrolytes on the Krafft Temperature of Cetylpyridinium Chloride in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nazrul Islam Md. , Sarker Khokan Chandra , Aktaruzzaman Gazi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper presents the effect of some electrolytes on the Krafft temperature (TK) of cetylpyridinium chloride in aqueous solution. The results show that more chaotropic anions raise while less chaotropic anions lower the TK of the surfactant. More chaotropic Br−, SCN− and I− form contact ion pairs with the cetylpyridinium ion and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between the surfactant molecules. As a result, these ions exhibit salting‐out behavior, showing an increase in the TK of the surfactant. On the other hand, less chaotropic NO3− increase the solubility of the surfactant, with a consequent decrease in the TK. Surface tension data of the salt solutions reveal that more chaotropic ions show a relatively less molar increase in surface tension compared to less chaotropic ions. This indicates that less chaotropic ions have a preferential tendency to be negatively adsorbed at the air–water interface as well as hydrocarbon–water interface and thereby disturb the hydration of the surfactant. SO42− being a strong kosmotrope cannot form contact ion pairs with the cationic part of the surfactant. Rather this ion preferentially remains in the bulk because of its strong tendency for hydration and thereby stays apart. As a result, SO42− also causes a significant lowering of the TK of the surfactant. Thus it appears that contrary to the usual trend SO42− behave like a chaotrope showing salting‐in effect of the surfactant.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in an urban community in China: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Shanghai Aging Study
Authors: Ding Ding , Zhao Qianhua , Guo Qihao , Meng Haijiao , Wang Bei , Luo Jianfeng , Mortimer James A. , Borenstein Amy R. , Hong Zhen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial variations in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have been reported, although mostly in Western countries. Less is known about MCI in the Chinese population.MethodsWe clinically and neuropsychologically evaluated 3141 community residents ≥60 years of age. Diagnoses of MCI and its subtypes were made using standard criteria via consensus diagnosis.ResultsAmong 2985 nondemented individuals, 601 were diagnosed with MCI, resulting in a prevalence of 20.1% for total MCI, 13.2% for amnestic MCI (aMCI), and 7.0% for non‐amnestic MCI (naMCI). The proportions of MCI subtypes were: aMCI single domain (SD), 38.9%; aMCI multiple domains (MD), 26.5%; naMCI‐SD, 25.0%; and naMCI‐MD, 9.6%. The prevalence of aMCI‐MD increased rapidly with age in women APOE ε4 carriers (from 60 to 69 years to ≥80 years, 3.1%–33.3%, P < .001).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that 20% of Chinese elderly are affected by MCI. Prospective studies in China are needed to examine progression to dementia and related risk factors.
Extension and refinement of the predictive value of different classes of markers in ADNI: Four‐year follow‐up data
Authors: Gomar Jesus J. , Conejero‐Goldberg Concepcion , Davies Peter , Goldberg Terry E. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the predictive value of different classes of markers in the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD) over an extended 4‐year follow‐up in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database.MethodsMCI patients were assessed for clinical, cognitive, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography–fluorodeoxyglucose (PET‐FDG), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers at baseline and were followed on a yearly basis for 4 years to ascertain progression to AD. Logistic regression models were fitted in clusters, including demographics, APOE genotype, cognitive markers, and biomarkers (morphometric, PET‐FDG, CSF, amyloid‐β, and tau).ResultsThe predictive model at 4 years revealed that two cognitive measures, an episodic memory measure and a Clock Drawing screening test, were the best predictors of conversion (area under the curve = 0.78).ConclusionsThis model of prediction is consistent with the previous model at 2 years, thus highlighting the importance of cognitive measures in progression from MCI to AD. Cognitive markers were more robust predictors than biomarkers.
Cardiac fibrosis as a determinant of ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Morita Norishige , Mandel William J. , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Karagueuzian Hrayr S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAnimal and emerging clinical studies have demonstrated that increased ventricular fibrosis in a setting of reduced repolarization reserve promotes early afterdepolarizations (EADs) and triggered activity that can initiate ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF). Increased ventricular fibrosis plays a key facilitatory role in allowing oxidative and metabolic stress‐induced EADs to manifest as triggered activity causing VT/VF. The lack of such an arrhythmogenic effect by the same stressors in normal non‐fibrotic hearts highlights the importance of fibrosis in the initiation of VT/VF. These findings suggest that antifibrotic therapy combined with therapy designed to increase ventricular repolarization reserve may act synergistically to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death.
CONTRACT DOCTRINE, PREDICTABILITY AND THE NEBULOUS EXCEPTION
Authors: Ahdar Rex 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is a tendency in contemporary contract law for judges to “never say never” and permit an open-ended exception from the rule. This nebulous exception is designed to cater for the rare instance where application of the rule would be undesirable in the interests of justice. However, this kind of imprecise exception is deleterious in terms of the unpredictability it generates, as well as the attendant increases in time and costs that result. The “never say never” approach is to be discouraged in contract law where commercial predictability, while certainly not inviolable, nonetheless remains a weighty goal deserving of continued deference.
EMMANUEL COLLEGE V EVANS (1626) AND THE HISTORY OF MORTGAGES
Authors: Waddilove D. P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFor more than two and half centuries, the case of Emmanuel College v Evans (1626) has been understood as a leading case for the origin of the principal doctrine of mortgage law: the equity of redemption. A closer inspection shows that it has nothing to do with the equity of redemption. This article examines Emmanuel College to see what it was actually about and where this leaves the history of mortgages in equity. In so doing, the article demonstrates the status of Emmanuel College as a leading case to be invalid, and exposes a serious flaw in the methodology of much historiography on mortgages and of early-modern equity more generally. The article also shows how a leading case can obtain its position when it does not stand for its purported proposition. And it provides a nearly unique window into the nature of the Chancery court record and development of equity thanks to a serendipitous documentary survival.