bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinity/ionic balance interactions on the zootechnical performance and histology of Litopenaeus vannamei and water quality in a biofloc system
Authors: Ueno Fukura Mitsuaki , Collazos Lasso Luis Felipe , Vinatea Arana Luis Alejandro , Baldisserotto Bernardo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the interactions between two low salinities (S = 4 and 8 g L−1) and two ionic balances (Na+/Mg+2/Ca+2/K+ ratio, IB1 = 27.6/3.6/1.05/1 and IB2 = 40.6/4.7/1.98/1) on zootechnical performance and histology of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (0.0073 ± 0.0007 g) and juveniles (0.2163 ± 0.0080 g) reared in a biofloc system at stocking density of 1500 and 300 individuals m−3, respectively, over two culture phases: nursery (30 days) and grow‐out (60 days). High nitrification processes were detected at lower salinity treatments, with the lowest ammonia and nitrite concentration in those. There were no significant differences on shrimp survival between treatments; however, the best final weights were observed in the S8IB2 (0.24 ± 0.01 g) and S4IB1 (2.80 ± 0.12 g) treatments for the nursery and grow‐out stages, respectively. The most frequent histological lesions were the absence of lipid vacuoles in the hepatopancreas and abundant organic debris in the gill lamellae. The viability of rearing L. vannamei juveniles in biofloc at low salinity is still relatively weak because of their low growth and low efficiency to store fatty acids in the hepatopancreas; however, higher postlarvae productivity was found at 8 g L−1 and Na+/Mg+2/Ca+2/K+ ratio of 40.6/4.7/1.98/1 in the nursery stage.
Factors associated with progression of non‐motor symptoms and deterioration in quality of life in Parkinson's disease: Results of J‐FIRST, a 1‐year observational study
Authors: Kashihara Kenichi , Chiu Shih‐Wei , Tsuboi Yoshio , Hattori Nobutaka , Nomoto Masahiro , Watanabe Hirohisa , Maeda Tetsuya , Saiki Hidemoto , Shimo Yasushi , Yamaguchi Takuhiro ,   the J‐FIRST Group
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWorsening motor symptoms are associated with deteriorations in health‐related quality of life (HrQOL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).AimBecause few studies have examined whether non‐motor symptoms (NMSs) predict worsening of overall NMSs and HrQOL, we investigated whether NMSs are associated with the changes in these outcomes in patients with PD.MethodsWe used data from J‐FIRST, a 52‐week study of patients with PD, ≥1 NMS, and wearing‐off under levodopa treatment. Changes in Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS‐UPDRS) Part I and 8‐item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐8) total scores during the observation period were compared between patients with and without individual NMSs at baseline. Relationships among NMSs were analyzed by cluster analysis.ResultsThe analyses comprised 996 patients. The MDS‐UPDRS Part I total scores significantly increased in patients with cognitive impairment, depressed mood, and apathy, but significantly decreased in patients with features of dopamine dysregulation syndrome, relative to the changes in patients without these NMSs at baseline. The PDQ‐8 total scores significantly increased in patients with cognitive impairment, hallucinations and psychosis, depressed mood, apathy, pain and other sensations, urinary problems, and fatigue relative to the changes in patients without these NMSs at baseline. NMSs were broadly clustered into cognitive/mental functions, and autonomic functions and sleep. Light headedness on standing, fatigue, and pain and other sensations were closely related.ConclusionWe observed significant deteriorations in the NMS burden and HrQOL in patients with cognitive, mental, or autonomic‐related NMSs.
Bridges between two medical realities: Perspectives of Indigenous medical and nursing students on snakebite care in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: de Farias Altair Seabra , Viana Guilherme Pinto , Cristino Joseir Saturnino , Farias Franciane Ribeiro , Farias Lara Francisca Ribeiro , de Freitas Raquel Nascimento , Murta Felipe , Machado Vinícius Azevedo , Sachett Jacqueline de Almeida Gonçalves , Monteiro Wuelton M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the Brazilian Amazon, snakebite envenomations (SBEs) disproportionately affect Indigenous populations, and have a significantly higher incidence and lethality than in non‐Indigenous populations. This qualitative study describes the Indigenous and biomedical healthcare domains for SBE care from the perspective of the Indigenous medical and nursing students in Manaus, Western Brazilian Amazon. In‐depth interviews were conducted with five Indigenous students from the Amazonas State University, between January and December 2021. The interviews were analyzed using inductive content analysis. We organized an explanatory model with five themes: (1) participants' identities; (2) causality levels in Indigenous and biomedical systems; (3) therapeutic itineraries in Indigenous and biomedical systems; (4) ideological implications of adding biomedical devices to Indigenous healing systems; and (5) therapeutic failure in and efficacy of Indigenous and biomedical systems. From a noncolonial perspective and seeking to increase the quality and acceptability of health care for the Indigenous populations of the Brazilian Amazon, the training of Indigenous health professionals presents itself as a promising strategy. For this goal, universities should serve as empowering settings for Indigenous health students that support them in their growth and development, raise their awareness of injustice, and catalyze change toward a culturally adapted and effective service for the users.
Postoperative ileus—Establishing a porcine model
Authors: Martensen A. K. , Moen E. V. , Brock C. , Funder J. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative ileus (POI), characterized by absent gastrointestinal motility, is a frequent complication following major abdominal surgery, with no current effective treatment possibilities. For further research in the treatment of this condition, we aimed to establish a porcine model of POI.MethodsA total of 12 Landrace pigs, weighing 60 kg, were included. Five animals were used as pilots to establish the surgical procedure, five animals received the same reproducible surgical procedure developed in the pilot experiments, while two animals were used as control. The primary endpoint was number of days to first stool. Intestinal motility was monitored using the SmartPill system.Key ResultsFour of the five pigs who underwent the final surgical procedure passed first stool on the third postoperative day (POD), and one passed first stool on the fifth POD. SmartPill data showed retention of the capsule in the stomach in four of five pigs with usable traces.Conclusion and InferencesAn experimental porcine model of POI was established, forming the basis for future studies in POI.
Comparative Study of Preoperative Sagittal Spinal Pelvic Alignment in Patients with Cervical Spondylotic Radiculopathy, Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament, and Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Authors: Wang Shuo , Yuan Suomao , Liu Ping , Qi Feng , Tian Yonghao , Zhang Yuchen , Li Changzhen , Li Jiale , Liu Xinyu , Wang Lianlei 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesCervical spondylosis may lead to changes in the sagittal parameters of the neck and trigger compensatory alterations in systemic sagittal parameters. However, there is currently a dearth of comparative research on the changes and compensatory alterations to sagittal parameters resulting from different types of cervical spondylosis. This study compared the preoperative sagittal alignment sequences among patients with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) caused by factors resulting from non‐OPLL factors.Materials and MethodsFull length lateral X‐ray of the spine and cervical computed tomography (CT) of 256 patients (134 men, 122 women; mean age, 56.9 ± 9.5 years) were analyzed retrospectively. A total of 4096 radiomics features were measured through the lateral X‐ray by two spinal surgeons with extensive experience. The clinical symptoms measures were the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score, number of hand actions in 10 s, hand‐grip strength, visual analog scale (VAS) score. Normally distributed data was compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for parametric variables and χ2 test were used to analyze the categorical data.ResultsIn the OPLL group, the C2‐C7 Cobb angle was greater than in the CSR and CSM groups (19.8 ± 10.4°, 13.3 ± 10.3°, and 13.9 ± 9.9°, respectively, p < 0.001). Additionally, the C7‐S1 SVA measure was found to be situated in the anterior portion with regards to the CSM and CSR groups (19.7 ± 58.4°, −6.3 ± 34.3° and −26.3 ± 32.9°, p < 0.001). Moreover, the number of individuals with C7‐S1 SVA >50 mm was significantly larger than the CSM group (26/69, 11/83, p < 0.001). In the CSR group, the TPA demonstrated smaller values compared to the OPLL group (8.8 ± 8.5°, 12.7 ± 10.2°, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the SSA was comparatively smaller as opposed to both the OPLL and CSM groups (49.6 ± 11.2°, 54.2 ± 10.8° and 54.3 ± 9.3°, p < 0.05).ConclusionPatients with OPLL exhibit greater cervical lordosis than those with CSR and CSM. However, OPLL is more likely to result in spinal imbalance when compared to the CSM group. Furthermore, OPLL and CSM patients exhibit anterior trunk inclination and worse global spine sagittal parameters in comparison to CSR patients.
Institutional pressures and the prevalence of nonprofit sector support organizations
Authors: Liu Zejin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the prevalence of nonprofit sector support organizations (NSSOs)—a form of nonprofit organization (NPO) devoted to providing services and resources to support grassroots development. Contrary to previous studies that emphasize the importance of institutions in shaping the NPO population through their effect on citizens and nonprofit managers, this study links three institutional pressures—coercive, mimetic, and normative pressures—to the decisions of public agencies to establish NSSOs. This study examines this claim using a newly constructed dataset of NSSOs across 330 Chinese cities between 2012 and 2021 (N = 2385). The results indicate that cities with greater pressure from provincial governments, neighboring cities, and professional associations are more likely to promote the establishment of NSSOs. This study advances the understanding of the impact of institutions on the dynamics of the NPO population by demonstrating their effect on public agencies.
Lung cancer (internet‐based) Delphi (LUCiD): A modified eDelphi consensus process to establish Australasian clinical quality indicators for thoracic cancer
Authors: Nash Jessica , Stone Emily , Vinod Shalini , Leong Tracy , Dawkins Paul , Stirling Rob G. , Harden Susan , Bolton Alison , McWilliams Annette , O'Byrne Kenneth , Wright Gavin M. , Brunelli Vanessa N. , Guan Tracey , Philpot Shoni , Navani Neal , Brims Fraser ,   the LUCAP investigator team
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveApproximately 16,000 new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed each year in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, and it is the leading cause of cancer death in the region. Unwarranted variation in lung cancer care and outcomes has been described for many years, although clinical quality indicators to facilitate benchmarking across Australasia have not been established. The purpose of this study was to establish clinical quality indicators applicable to lung and other thoracic cancers across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.MethodsFollowing a literature review, a modified three round eDelphi consensus process was completed between October 2022 and June 2023. Participants included clinicians from all relevant disciplines, patient advocates, researchers and other stakeholders, with representatives from all Australian states and territories and Aotearoa New Zealand. Consensus was set at a threshold of 70%, with the first two rounds conducted as online surveys, and the final round held as a hybrid in person and virtual consensus meeting.ResultsThe literature review identified 422 international thoracic oncology indicators, and a total of 71 indicators were evaluated over the course of the Delphi consensus. Ultimately, 27 clinical quality indicators reached consensus, covering the continuum of thoracic oncologic care from diagnosis to first line treatment. Indicators benchmarking supportive care were poorly represented. Attendant numeric quality standards were developed to facilitate benchmarking.ConclusionTwenty‐seven clinical quality indicators relevant to thoracic oncology care in Australasia were developed. Real world implementation will now be explored utilizing a prospective dataset collected across Australia.
Phagolysosomal resistance hypothesized to be a danger signal
Authors: Forden Christopher A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntigen presenting cells sometimes require T cell “help” to kill and decompose microbes they capture, especially when those microbes resist effector molecules including nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Pathogens are more likely to resist those effectors, shared by the innate and adaptive immune systems, than are commensals. Does such resistance alert the immune system to the danger posed by those pathogens? Several lines of evidence suggest this occurs. Mouse studies showed a surprising exacerbation, not alleviation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, by suppression of nitric oxide production, but only when the suppression was applied to animals undergoing vaccination with myelin. In contrast, animals receiving T cells activated by vaccination without suppression of nitric oxide benefitted from reduced autoimmune cytotoxicity when nitric oxide production was suppressed after adoptive transfer. Vaccinia and adenovirus suppress nitric oxide production and have been successful vaccine platforms, also consistent with the above phagolysosomal resistance hypothesis. The hypothesis solves a long‐standing quandary—how can nitric oxide protect against both infection and autoimmunity, especially autoimmune diseases for which it seems a major effector? The importance of physical linkage between epitopes, first proposed in Bretscher's Two‐Step, Two‐Signal theory dependent on B cells, is extended to include phagolysosomal resistance in general, plus a corollary proposition that the immune system detects resistance to dissociation of high‐affinity pathogenic ligands from host binding sites to make neutralizing antibodies.
Taking the next step: How student reflective essays about difficult clinical encounters demonstrate professional identity formation
Authors: Freeman Nicholas , Shapiro Johanna , Paguio Marvin , Lorkalantari Yasaman , Nguyen Alexis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDifficult clinical encounters pose emotional and behavioural challenges for medical students. Unless resolved, they threaten students' professional competence and well‐being. Learning how to humanistically interact with patients perceived as “difficult” is an important component of the developmental process that underlies professional identity formation (PIF).MethodsThis study used thematic analysis to examine reflective essay data from the same set of students (N = 69), first in their third year and then in their fourth year of training at a US public medical school. Analysis focused on how student perceptions of patients', preceptors', and their own behaviour, attitudes, and emotions in difficult patient care situations evolved over time, and how such evolution contributed to their professional growth.FindingsStudents identified clinical predicaments influenced by their own emotions and behaviour, as well as those of patients and preceptors. In response to patients perceived as angry, rude, and uncooperative, students described themselves and their preceptors primarily as engaging in routine medical behaviours, followed by expressions of empathy. These encounters resulted in residual emotions as well as lessons learned. Fourth‐year students reported more empathy, patient‐centeredness, and patient ownership than third‐year students. While student‐physicians grew in professionalism and compassion, they also noted unresolved distressing emotions post‐encounter.ConclusionsFrom third to fourth year, medical students undergo a process of professional growth that can be documented at a granular level through their perceptions of themselves, their patients, and their preceptors. Despite positive professional growth, students' lingering negative affect merits attention and support from clinical teachers.
When transfusion causes a splitting headache: A case report and rapid review of transfusion‐associated reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome
Authors: Pelham‐Webb Bobbie , Guo Yin , Ramirez Alejandra , Waldron Evan , Emmanuele Valentina , Vargas Wendy , Kahn Justine , Stone Elizabeth F. 
Published: August 2024

KEY IDEAS
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a rare and understudied transfusion reaction most commonly seen in adult females after correction of chronic, severe anemia.
Transfusion‐associated RCVS (TA‐RCVS) typically presents with thunderclap headaches and one or more systemic (hypertension, nausea/vomiting) or neurologic (seizure, stroke, visual changes) symptoms within a week after red blood cell transfusion.
Treatment of RCVS is based on blood pressure control; a recent study suggested that early use of nimodipine could shorten the disease course.
Global value chains and inward FDI: An empirical investigation of European firms
Authors: Imbruno Michele , Pittiglio Rosanna , Reganati Filippo , Szymczak Sabina , Wolszczak‐Derlacz Joanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper empirically investigates whether and how the level of GVC integration of a given market may explain the presence of foreign‐owned firms. Using firm‐level data from 28 European Union countries during the period 2008–2014, we provide evidence that a greater country‐sector‐level GVC participation, via both backward and forward linkages, exerts a positive effect on a firm's likelihood to receive FDI. These findings appear particularly strong for new EU Member States and services industries when looking at the differences across countries and sectors. Interestingly, when exploring the role of country‐sector position along the GVC, we find that FDI gains from backward GVC integration are more prominent if the markets are associated with the final stages of the supply chain, whereas those from forward GVC integration are greater when the markets are associated with the initial stages, in line with the smile curve hypothesis.
Analysis of the immunomodulatory properties of mycobacterium cell wall fraction on the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy dogs
Authors: Ward Robert , Wood Geoffrey A. , Pye Charlotte , Karimi Khalil , Yu Anthony , St‐Denis Myles , Blake Katherine , Raj Sugandha , Oladokun Samson , Sharif Shayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMycobacterium cell wall fraction (MCWF) is derived from nonpathogenic Mycobacterium phlei and is used as an immunomodulatory compound in clinical practice, yet its mode‐of‐action requires further research.ObjectiveTo evaluate the host response to MCWF in canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)‐PCR for assessment of cytokines.AnimalsEight healthy Labrador retrievers.Materials and MethodsPBMCs were isolated from whole blood using density centrifugation. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of MCWF or a potent stimulator of cytokine production, phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate/ionomycin, or left in cell culture medium for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cytokines were measured by ELISA for interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10 and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), and by qRT‐PCR for IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐13, IFN‐γ, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and transforming growth factor‐beta.ResultsA significant increase of IL‐10 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was detected at all time points for all concentrations of MCWF (p < 0.05). Protein analysis reflected this finding, with a maximum IL‐10 concentration of 300.6 ± 38.3 μg/mL. Compared to the negative control, post‐stimulation elevation of IFN‐γ mRNA was noted at 24 h with all concentrations of MCWF (p < 0.01), and TNF‐α mRNA was increased for 0.5 μg/dL MCWF only at 72 h (p < 0.05).Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMCWF stimulation of PBMCs results in the elevation of both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokine mRNA. Further research into the role of MCWF as a systemically administered regulatory immunomodulator or adjuvant to allergen‐specific immunotherapy should be considered.
An Enhanced Predictive Method for Large Droplet Breakage Based on the Discrete Particle Model
Authors: Ju Hongyu , Suo Jianqin , Li Yue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In high-speed flows, a single droplet undergoes fragmentation, yielding numerous child droplets. Conventional breakup models usually group these droplets into a single parcel, neglecting the postbreakup spatial distribution. To address this limitation, detailed numerical simulations have been conducted focusing on the bag and bag–stamen breakup modes of 200 μm-diameter droplet at Weber numbers of 15 and 30. The result shows that the largest length of the child-droplets cloud can reach up to 29 times the original diameter. Importantly, if the grid size is less than 29 times the droplet diameter, traditional models that use a single parcel for child droplets could produce inaccurate results. To overcome this limitation, a disk-like breakup (DLB) model was introduced. With this model, multiple parcels replace the original droplet and are initialized on a virtual disk. Additionally, partitioned breakup modeling was employed for both bag and bag–stamen breakups. Calculations using the DLB model were compared with the Taylor analogy breakup (TAB), Kelvin–Helmholtz Rayleigh–Taylor (KH–RT), and enhanced Taylor analogy breakup (ETAB) models. The result indicates that the DLB model is capable of simulating the spatial distribution of the droplet cloud postbreakup, achieving better agreement with the detailed numerical simulations using the volume of fluid (VOF) method in this paper and experiments in the literature.
Revealing the Effect of Dynamic Structural Evolution on Triple Junction Deformation Mechanism: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and an Energetic Model
Authors: Wan Panpan , Zhang Zhenghao , Huang Qishan , Zhou Haofei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Triple junction (TJ) migration is a plastic deformation mechanism in polycrystalline metals mediated by the interplay between neighboring grain boundaries (GBs). Compared with GB migration, the dynamic change of TJ structure during migration and its impact on subsequent TJ behavior is often overlooked. In this study, we explore the effect of dynamic TJ structure evolution on TJ deformation mechanism in a face-centered cubic metal Au model using molecular dynamics simulations. Our analysis reveals that the dislocation accumulation at TJ due to inconsistent disconnection nucleation from neighboring GBs can influence the stick-slip behavior of TJ migration. With the dynamic change of TJ structure, the velocity of TJ migration is gradually reduced, leading to a transition from TJ migration to dislocation emission from TJ. We have developed an energetic model to evaluate the critical stresses required for TJ migration and dislocation emission, providing an explanation of the competition between TJ migration and dislocation emission. Our findings deepen the understanding of TJ-governed plastic deformation mechanisms in polycrystalline materials.