bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin ligase A20 regulates p53 protein in human colon epithelial cells
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Shaobo , Wang Zhiqiang , Chen Xiao , Zhang Ziqi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Intestinal polyps may further develop into colon cancer; the pathogenesis is not clear. The p53 gene is an important anti-cancer gene in the body, which is suppressed in cancer. The ubiquitin E3 ligase A20 (A20) plays a role in regulating the activities of epithelial cells. This study was designed to investigate the role of the colon polyp epithelium-derived A20 in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.

Results
Eighty-eight colon cancer patients and 136 colon polyp patients were recruited into this study. Human colon cancer tissue, the epithelium of adenomas polyp and hyperplastic polyp showed high levels of A20, which had a positive correlation with the cancerous tendency of colon polyps. The levels of A20 were much higher in the adenomas and hyperplastic polyps than that in the inflammatory polyps; the latter showed less cancerous tendency. A20 bound p53 to form complexes in colon cancer tissue and colon polyps. Over expression of A20 suppresses P53 protein levels in the HEK293 cells.

Conclusions
A20 may play an important role in the cancerous tendency of colon polyposis.
The role of AFB microscopy training in improving the performance of laboratory professionals: analysis of pre and post training evaluation scores
Authors: Reji Pawlos , Aga Getachew , Abebe Gemeda 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains major cause of morbidity and mortality due to any one of infectious agent worldwide. In low income countries, Ziehl-Neelsen sputum smear microscopy is the only cost-effective tool for diagnosis and monitoring of patients on treatment. In order to have efficient AFB microscopy centers, it is imperative to have continuous refresher training for laboratory professionals and strong External Quality Assessment (EQA) system). However, very little data exists as to the effect of in-service training on performance of laboratory personnel in Ethiopia.
The objective of this study was to investigate the role of AFB microscopy refresher training on the performance of laboratory professionals.

Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted to appraise theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals before and after AFB microscopy training. Theoretical assessment was based on standard questions while practical assessment was based on smear reading of 10 standard slides. Data on eight rounds of a five days training at Adama regional laboratory on AFB microscopy in 2009 was obtained and analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software.

Result
The pre-training mean score of the theoretical knowledge and practical skills were 61.8% and 75.7%, respectively. The post training mean scores were 84.2% and 89.2% for theoretical knowledge and practical skills, respectively. The increase in mean score of both theoretical and practical assessment was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Post training mean score of theoretical knowledge was higher among diploma holders trainees than the BSc degree counter parts (p = 0.001). The mean scores on practice before and after training was dependent on participation in previous AFB microscopy trainings (p < 0.0001). Proportions of trainees with both major and minor errors were found to decrease after they were trained. Trainees who have had previous training were found to commit less errors than those who were not participated in previous training (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion
Training has improved theoretical and practical performance of laboratory professionals. Pre-placement and continuous training irrespective of lab professionals qualification and service year and sustainable EQA are highly recommended to ensure quality of AFB microscopy service.
Differences in the mutation of the p53 gene in exons 6 and 7 in cervical samples from HIV- and HPV-infected women
Authors: Souza Raquel P , Gimenes Fabrícia , Abreu André LP de , Rocha-Brischiliari Sheila C , Carvalho Maria DB de , Ferreira Érika C , Bonini Marcelo G , Pelloso Sandra M , Consolaro Marcia EL 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a serious problem for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women, increases their risk of cervical lesions and cancer. In cervical carcinogenesis, mutations in the p53 gene occur most frequently within exons 5–8. To our knowledge, no previous studies have analyzed mutations in exons 5–8 of the p53 gene in HIV- and HPV-infected women. In our study, we verified these mutations in women with and without cervical abnormalities.

Findings
The study included 160 women, divided into three groups: (1) 83 HPV- and HIV-infected women (HIV group); (2) 37 HPV-infected/HIV-uninfected (control group); and (3) 40 normal cytology/DNA-HPV negative/HIV-uninfected women (negative control p53 reactions). HPV-DNA was detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Using primers for exons 5–8, the mutation of the p53 gene was verified by PCR-single strand conformational polymorphism. The total mutation of the p53 gene in exons 5–8 was not significantly associated with the HIV and control groups. The mutations in exon 7 were the highest in the HIV group (43.8%) and in exon 6 in the control group (57.2%) (p = 0.0793) suggesting a tendency toward differential mutation in exon 7 in the HIV group.

Conclusions
Our study provides preliminary evidence that the mutation in exon 7 might be an important differentiating factor for cervical carcinogenesis in HIV-infected women. This aspect deserves an additional cross-sectional and longitudinal study using a larger sample size with a higher number of High-grade squamous intraephitelial lesion (HSIL) to observe the evolution of cervical lesions.
Low phylogeographic structure of Rhinella arunco (Anura: Bufonidae), an endemic amphibian from the Chilean Mediterranean hotspot
Authors: Vásquez Dayana , Correa Claudio , Pastenes Luis , Palma R Eduardo , Méndez Marco A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe Mediterranean zone of central Chile (30° to 38°S) is one of the 25 diversity hotspots in the world. However, there are few phylogeographic studies which identify the factors that have influenced population diversification in the fauna of this area. In this study, we investigated the phylogeographic structure ofRhinella arunco, an anuran endemic to Mediterranean Chile, using 160 individuals from 23 localities representative of its entire distribution (32° to 38°S).ResultsThe haplotype network revealed four haplogroups, three of which overlap geographically and only one of which has an exclusive geographic distribution. An analysis of molecular variance indicated that neither watershed limits nor the main rivers in the current distribution of this species have been important geographic barriers against the dispersion of individuals. Finally, the Geneland analysis showed three population units, one of which concurs with one of the haplogroups found in the haplotype network. Together, these analyses indicated a low level of phylogeographic structure for this species. On the other hand, the highest levels of intrapopulational genetic variation were concentrated in the central part of the distribution (33° to 34°S), which may indicate an effect of Pleistocene glaciations on the genetic diversity of the populations in the extreme south of its range.ConclusionsThe low phylogeographic structure observed inR. aruncois a rarely documented pattern for amphibians and contrasts with the phylogeographic studies of other vertebrates which inhabit the same zone. This result may be attributed to a series of attributes of bufonids, related mainly to water retention and their reproductive biology, which have allowed them to disperse and colonize an enormous variety of environments.
Growth profile of Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans on pyruvate
Authors: Haddad Mathieu , Cimpoia Ruxandra , Zhao Ya , Guiot Serge R 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans is a thermophilic anaerobic strain most widely known for its ability to produce hydrogen (H2) when grown on carbon monoxide (CO). Although relatively well studied, growth characterization on pyruvate has never been assessed. The present work fully characterizes growth of the bacterium on pyruvate as a sole carbon source. C. hydrogenoformans demonstrated a growth rate of 0.03 h-1, with pyruvate consumption ranging between 0.21 and 0.48 mol · g-1 volatile suspended solid · d-1. A lag phase was also observed when switching from pyruvate to CO. When grown simultaneously on pyruvate and CO, pyruvate consumption was initiated upon CO depletion. This was attributed to pyruvate oxidation inhibition by CO, and not to a diauxic phenomenom. The strain also showed homoacetogenic activity.
Race is not a factor in overall survival in patients with triple negative breast cancer: a retrospective review
Authors: Starlard-Davenport Athena , Glover-Collins Katherine , Mahkoul Issam , Hutchins Laura , Westbrook Kent , Korourian Soheila , Enoch Kimberly , Preston Michael , Jackson Shakia N , Klimberg V Suzanne , Henry-Tillman Ronda 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if race is a factor on overall survival when stage at diagnosis is compared. In this study, a total of 93 women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) were evaluated for survival outcomes after diagnosis between the year 2000 through 2010. Thirty-five patients (38%) were African American (AA), and 58 patients (62%) were Caucasian. Overall survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups using the log-rank test. Student’s t-test was used to calculate differences in cancer recurrence and mortality rates by stage and race. Cox proportional hazards ratios were used to determine the association of patient and variables with clinical outcome. Of women diagnosed with stage 1 breast cancer, the overall survival rates for AAs was 100% compared to Caucasians at 94% (95% CI, 0.003 to 19; P = 0.5). For women with stage 2 breast cancer, overall survival for AA women was 85% and for Caucasian women was 86% (HR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.6; P = 0.73). For advanced stages (stage 3 and 4), survival for AA women were 78% and 40% for Caucasian women (HR = 0.6; 95% CI 0.2 to 1.98; P = 0.43). Rates of recurrence and mortality were not significantly different between AA and Caucasian TNBC patients. After controlling for patient variables, race was not significantly associated with OS (HR = 1.24; 95% CI, 0.32 to 5.08; P = 0.74) when comparing AA to Caucasian patients. Our study suggests that race does not have an effect on overall survival in African American and Caucasian women diagnosed with TNBC in Arkansas.
Linked Heritage – ein europäisches Projekt
Authors: Mensing Petra 
Published: October 2013

Zusammenfassung:
Das Hauptziel des EU-Projektes Linked Heritage1Linked Heritage – Coordination of standards and technologies for the enrichment of Europeana; Laufzeit: April 2011 bis September 2013; Projekthomepage http://www.linkedheritage.eu/[Zugriff: 13. August 2013].
war die Einspielung von 3 Millionen neuen Datensätzen in die Europeana. Die 38 Projektpartner kamen aus 20 europäischen Ländern plus Israel und Russland. Die Technische Informationsbibliothek (TIB) Hannover stellte für dieses Projekt Metadaten aus dem Kompetenzzentrum für nichttextuelle Materialen sowie aus dem Bereich Forschungsdaten bereit und war an drei der sieben Arbeitspakete2Für eine Übersicht der Arbeitspakete siehe http://www.linkedheritage.eu/index.php?en/141/work-packages [Zugriff: 13. August 2013]. Die TIB ist an den Arbeitspaketen 4, 6 und 7 beteiligt: Public Private Partnership, Coordination of Content bzw. Dissemination and Training.
beteiligt.
Stress Analysis of Free-Standing Silicon Oxide Films Using Optical Interference
Authors: Rezadad Imen , Boroumand Javaneh , Smith Evan , Figueiredo Pedro , Peale Robert E. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe report a method for stress measurement and analysis in silicon oxide thin films using optical interference. Effects of design and fabrication on stress have been studied by fabricating submicron-thick slabs of oxide anchored at one end and extending over a reflective surface. Optical interference occurs between reflections from the surface and the oxide slab, giving rise to light and dark fringes that may be imaged with a microscope. Analysis of the interference pattern at different wavelengths gives the radius of curvature and means of stress mapping. The accuracy exceeds non-interferometric profilometry using optical or confocal microscopes, and it can be more quantitative than scanning electron microscopy. This nondestructive profilometry method can aid the stress optimization of silicon oxide or other transparent thin films to achieve specific mechanical characteristics in MEMS devices.
Three Phase Flow Characteristics in Inclined Eccentric Annuli
Authors: Ettehadi Osgouei R. , Ozbayoglu M. E. , Ozbayoglu A. M. , Eren T. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Gasified (aerated) fluids, having two-phases, are commonly used in drilling operations, especially for achieving underbalanced conditions. While adjusting the flow rates for each phase, common application is to adjust liquid phase for proper cuttings transport, and to adjust gas phase for controlling bottomhole pressure. Unfortunately, each of these phases flow with relatively different local velocities, causing various flow patterns to occur, which leads to fluctuations in hole cleaning performance as well as frictional pressure losses. These flow patterns are influenced by hole inclination, geometry, and presence of cuttings.
This study addresses the hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase drilling fluids in inclined section of wellbores with the presence of cuttings as a third phase with inner pipe rotation, considering eccentricity. Extensive experiments were conducted at a cuttings transport flow loop using air-water mixtures under a wide range of flow rates, rate of penetrations (ROPs), pipe rotations and hole inclinations. During the experiments, frictional pressure losses, in-situ flow rates for each phase, ROP, inclination and pipe rotation speed were recorded. The experimental data was also used to investigate the cuttings transport mechanisms.
A comprehensive mechanistic model was developed for determining the frictional pressure losses and hole cleaning performance of two-phase drilling fluids based on the experimental observations. It has been concluded that the proposed model is estimating the frictional pressure losses reasonably accurate when compared with the measured values.
Towards Efficient Workover Cost and Time Saving: Hoist Applications Reveal The Advantages Over Conventional Rigs: 1st Case Study in UAE Fields
Authors: Al-Hammadi Yousef Abdulrahman 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
ADCO has evaluated the potential scope of work for hoists within it's operations and concluded that there is significant potential in terms of freeing up rig time (4 – 6 rig years per year over 5 years business plan period) and generating cost savings.
ADCO's maturing fields and well stock increases the requirement for re-entry and work-over activities with ~35% of the total well activity, over current business plan period, anticipated to be of this nature. Hoists are capable of performing the majority of this work as well as bringing the additional potential to run completions in new drilled wells thereby allowing early release of the drilling rig. In addition, in Re-entry wells, it can cover the well up to side track level then convential rig can continue the work until the end of the well which will also save the rig time & cost.
Some of the potential applications of Hoists include:- Running scraper, log and completions offline in new drilled wells. Work-over well repairs (well-kill, pulling old completion and running new completion) for single completion as starter. Well preparation for re-entry and sidetrack (retrieve existing completion, abandon existing perforated zone). ESP work-over. Fishing and Milling operation Run tie back liners. Plug and abandon wells. Production testing including coiled tubing stimulation and wire line operations. Spotting and squeezing cement plugs, changing THS and X-mass tree. Casing repair. Run completion into development well.
This paper presents the application of Hoist in ADCO's main fields, business case of using Hoist in next five years with 4 different scenario's, and how it is expected to become a game changer in increasing field development in future. In addition, the new standard to make the hoist unit capable to move in soft sand.
Turnkey Solutions for Drilling Equipment Upgrades Enable Drilling Contractors to Minimize Planning Uncertainties and Investment Cost
Authors: Kipker Thomas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
For drilling contractors a critical task is to manage rig overhauls and equipment upgrades in a timely manner, and within budget. Upgrading of drilling rigs with specialised equipment is common practice and happens every day around the world. A future challenge is the flawless integration of modern drilling equipment that provides an extended functionality and advanced control features. In the future, integration of these upgrades as turnkey solution will be a requirement for successful equipment suppliers and will become a major demand for drilling contractors
This manuscript –outlines the holistic approach of turnkey equipment integration into an existing drilling rig using Bentec's a Top Drive as a practical example. The gap between common upgrade procedures and turnkey upgrade solutions will be discussed based on lessons learned during several field installments. The manuscript also explains a typical project execution, beginning with a comprehensive rig survey, to engineering documentation, equipment integration planning process, installation of equipment, commissioning and the training of operators. During the project phase, the supplier has to consider the integration of the equipment itself – but also has to ensure that all external systems, controls signals and operation procedures are fully considered for a safe and flawless commissioning of the Top Drive package. The requirements for the equipment supplier will significantly change from just supplying upgrades on an equipment level to a turnkey solution provider. The supplier would be responsible for the flawless integration and commissioning of the product and all associated control and operation function. Delivering such a holistic approach requires a solid engineering experience; in-depth understanding of rig controls and signal processing, rig site integrated training support, project coordination and management skills.
This paper uses Bentec Top Drive upgrades as an example and describes in detail how a Top Drive and its turnkey system integration can increase rig performance.
Advanced TCI Technology Replacing PDC in Hard Dolomitic Application, Offshore Middle East
Authors: Qadmani Marawan Ahmad , Ghazzawi Ayman , Hammoutene Cherif , Noureldin Ali , Shaker Mahmoud 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
To develop gas/condensate reserves in Dorra field offshore Kuwait, the operator is setting a long string of large OD casing to facilitate short-radius horizontal drilling techniques in the 17-in hole section. The procedure has proved challenging for existing technologies and has led to the customization of tools for specific areas and in extreme cases on a well-by-well basis.
To standardize operations, engineers studied offset data and conducted a lithology/formation analysis. The investigation indicated the lithology is PDC drillable from surface down to 1200ft and that reaching the Tayarat dolomite at 4000ft with acceptable ROP was possible with current PDC technology. However while drilling the first two wells, three different PDCs failed to achieve the target depth in-spite of steadily increasing blade count (6,7,8) and diamond volume in critical wear areas. The lack of durability resulted in one/two extra trips for a new PDC and/or rollercone to finish the hole section. The operator required a new approach to reduce CPF.
A rock strength analysis was preformed to select the best TCI insert shape and gauge/heel configuration. An initial trial with a standard 17-in rollercone (GS18VEJ3) on rotary BHA proved successful. Although the new strategy required two bits to reach section TD, it reduced CPF by 10% compared to the best PDC/TCI performance. After analyzing dull bit condition and TCI cutting structure degradation, several additional challenges were identified as performance limiters.
A new design was produced that included a precision sealed bearing system and new cutting structure geometry and insert shapes. The new design (MGS18VC) was run on a motor BHA in the next two wells with outstanding results increasing average footage and ROP by 24% and 8% respectively compared to average PDC/TCI drilled wells. The customized bit reduced CPF by an additional 8.5% for a total cost savings of $100,000USD/well.
Middle East Hard/Abrasive Formation Challenge: Reducing PDC Cutter Volume at Bit Center Increases ROP/Drilling Efficiency
Authors: Azar Michael , White Allen , Velvaluri Suman , Beheiry Karim , Johny Mohamad Mustafa , Bits Smith 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The Middle East's hard carbonates and abrasive sandstone cause a multitude of drilling problems. In Oman, penetrating thick conglomerates (12–30kpsi) in 12¼-in hole section is a predominate challenge. In Kuwait, drilling the 16-in hole section through hard Dammam-Ahmadi (5–30kpsi) is problematic. Offshore Qatar, building 12¼-in tangent through Hith-Khail (9–30kpsi) causes PDC cutter damage reducing ROP. The region's operators would benefit from a new approach. Shirking conventional heavy-set PDC design philosophy, engineers explored a new concept that concentrated on removing the inefficient low rotational velocity cutters at the center of a PDC bit.
An R&D initiative produced a conical diamond cutting element (CDE) with twice the diamond thickness of a conventional PDC cutter. CDE is manufactured to provide superior resistance to abrasive wear and impact load damage. In laboratory testing, the element exhibits up to 70% increase in cutting efficiency compared to standard PDC cutters. Design engineers then used an FEA-based modeling system to position the CDE at bit center by selectively abbreviating the blades at bit center. By opening the cutting structure in this manner enables a stress-relieved rock column to develop. The CDE then engages the column to continuously crush and fracture the formation thereby increasing ROP potential. This unique design has also proven to increase stability for improved borehole quality.
An 8¾-in PDC (MDSiZ616) with CDE was run in North Dakota and drilled four hole sections (6209–6477ft) in a single trip. The average ROP of the first three CDE runs was 168ft/hr, 46% faster than the best offset average (115ft/hr) set by standard PDC. On the fourth run, a CDE PDC set a Bakken ROP record of 203ft/hr drilling 6301ft of vertical/curve in one run. In Bakken lateral, a 6-in MDSiZ613 with CDE drilled 9544ft at 97ft/hr in one run, a 49% ROP improvement compared to three bits required on an offset lateral. The bit displaying excellent directional control staying within the narrow reservoir window while setting records for highest 24-hour footage (2903 ft/day) and fastest lateral TD to date. The new type CDE bit is currently being evaluated in Middle East/southern Iraq applications and positive results will be outlined in the paper.