bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Functionalization of Aromatic CH Bonds by Electrophilic Trapping of Metal‐Carbene‐Induced Zwitterionic Intermediates
Authors: Jia Shikun , Xing Dong , Zhang Dan , Hu Wenhao 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAsymmetric functionalization of aromatic CH bonds of N,N‐disubstituted anilines with diazo compounds and imines is reported for the efficient construction of α,α‐diaryl benzylic quaternary stereocenters in good yields with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. This RhII/chiral phosphoric acid cocatalyzed transformation is proposed to proceed through a metal‐carbene‐induced zwitterionic intermediate which undergoes electrophilic trapping. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first asymmetric example of metal carbene‐induced intermolecular functionalization of aryl CH bonds.
Using Ambient Ion Beams to Write Nanostructured Patterns for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Anyin , Baird Zane , Bag Soumabha , Sarkar Depanjan , Prabhath Anupama , Pradeep Thalappil , Cooks R. Graham 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectrolytic spray deposition was used to pattern surfaces with 2D metallic nanostructures. Spots that contain silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were created by landing solvated silver ions at desired locations using electrically floated masks to focus the metal ions to an area as little as 20 μm in diameter. The AgNPs formed are unprotected and their aggregates can be used for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The morphology and SERS activity of the NP structures were controlled by the surface coverage of landed silver ions. The NP structures created could be used as substrates onto which SERS samples were deposited or prepared directly on top of predeposited samples of interest. The evenly distributed hot spots in the micron‐sized aggregates had an average SERS enhancement factor of 108. The surfaces showed SERS activity when using lasers of different wavelengths (532, 633, and 785 nm) and were stable in air.
Spiroacetal Formation through Telescoped Cycloaddition and Carbon–Hydrogen Bond Functionalization: Total Synthesis of Bistramide A
Authors: Han Xun , Floreancig Paul E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpiroacetals can be formed through a one‐pot sequence of a hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction, an oxidative carbon–hydrogen bond cleavage, and an acid treatment. This convergent approach expedites access to a complex molecular subunit which is present in numerous biologically active structures. The utility of the protocol is demonstrated through its application to a brief synthesis of the actin‐binding cytotoxin bistramide A.
Charge Polarization at a Au–TiC Interface and the Generation of Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for the Low‐Temperature Water–Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Rodriguez José A. , Ramírez Pedro J. , Asara Gian Giacomo , Viñes Francesc , Evans Jaime , Liu Ping , Ricart Josep M. , Illas Francesc 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAu atoms in contact with TiC(001) undergo significant charge polarization. Strong metal–support interactions make Au/TiC(001) an excellent catalyst for the low‐temperature water–gas shift (WGS), with turnover frequencies orders of magnitude larger than those observed for conventional metal/oxide catalysts. DFT calculations indicate that the WGS reaction follows an associative mechanism with HOCO as a key intermediate.
Green polyurethane from dimer acid based polyether polyols: Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Yu Feng , Saha Prosenjit , Suh Pyoung Won , Kim Jin Kuk 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, dimer acid (DA) obtained from waste soybean oil was used together with propylene oxide (PO) to obtain novel polyether polyols [prepolymers for polyurethanes (PUs)] through ring‐opening polymerization reaction. The average molecular weight of polyols was estimated by gel permeation chromatography and titration method. The substantial reaction between DA and PO was evident from FTIR and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, the polyols were reacted with chain extender [ethylene glycol, (EG)] and 4, 4 ‐ Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) to prepare green PUs. The effect of molar ratio variation of EG and MDI with a fixed amount of polyols was estimated by measuring hydrophobicity and mechanical strength of PUs. The molar ratio such as 1 : 4 : 5.7 of polyol : EG : MDI was found to exhibit maximum hydrophobicity and improved mechanical strength that were comparable with typical PU sample prepared from commercially available polyol, such as polypropylene glycol. FTIR spectroscopic analysis confirmed the chemical changes and possible crosslinking in PUs. Thermalgravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analysis also showed substantial thermal stability of the green PUs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41410.
Effects of the carboxyl‐ended hyperbranched polyester/platinum complex molecular weight on hydrosilylation activity and self‐assembled morphology
Authors: Xu Zhicai , Zhang Daohong , Li Junna , Chen Sufang , Li Tingcheng , Zhang Junheng , Zhang Aiqing , Chen Shenghui 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTResearch on platinum catalysts with high activity and long life for hydrosilylation has attracted a great deal of interest because of the increasing price of platinum metal. In this study, we examined the effect of the molecular weight of carboxyl‐ended hyperbranched polyester/platinum complexes (HTD‐n–Pt's, where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4) on hydrosilylation activity and self‐assembled morphology. Relevant parameters tuning the morphology of self‐assemblies, such as the temperature, time, concentration, and relative humidity, were examined. All of the HTD‐n–Pt's with various molecular weights had much higher hydrosilylation activities than did the conventional homogeneous Speier's catalyst, and the HTD‐n–Pt could be self‐assembled into ordered two‐dimensional treelike structures with a fractal dimension ranging from 1.48 to 1.83; this indicated perfect fractal properties. With the increase of the HTD‐n–Pt molecular weight, the size of the self‐assembled treelike structures and the catalytic activity increased first and then decreased. The self‐assembly mechanism was speculated and analyzed by dynamic light scattering, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; these suggested good agreement with the diffusion‐limited aggregation theory of particles. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41416.
A caution for conservation stocking as an approach for recovering Atlantic eels
Authors: Stacey Joshua A. , Pratt Thomas C. , Verreault Guy , Fox Michael G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWorldwide concerns about declining eel stocks have resulted in the increased use of conservation stocking (i.e. the translocation of early eel life‐stages from areas of high recruitment to areas experiencing recruitment declines) as a recovery tool.North Atlantic eels have complicated and incompletely understood life‐history strategies with major differences in life‐history parameters across the species’ broad distributions, and these differences may be important for migrating and spawning successfully.Sex ratio, growth rate and size and age at maturation of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) stocked into the St. Lawrence River basin from donor areas over 2000 km away with differing life‐history characteristics were compared with those of naturally recruited eels to assess the effectiveness of a potential stocking programme in maintaining a sub‐population with unique life‐history characteristics (largest from across the species range, and exclusively female).Stocked eels exhibited faster annual growth, had a different sex ratio, and matured and outmigrated at smaller sizes and ages than naturally recruited eels.Conservation stocking should be applied with caution, as stocked eels appear to be following life‐history patterns comparable with conspecifics in the geographic range of the donor streams where they were collected. These findings cast doubt on the generally accepted hypothesis that the mechanisms driving eel life‐history variation are environmentally induced, and suggest that more care should be taken in assessing and matching the life‐history characteristics of donor and recipient sub‐populations if conservation stocking is expected to be an important recovery option for eel restoration. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanochromic Luminescence Characteristics of Pyridine‐Terminated Chromophores in the Solid State and in a Poly(vinyl alcohol) Matrix
Authors: Kondo Mizuho , Miura Seiya , Okumoto Kentaro , Hashimoto Mayuko , Kawatsuki Nobuhiro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMechanoresponsive luminophores containing different substituted pyridine rings at the molecular terminus are synthesized and their photoluminescence properties are investigated. The solid chromophore with a 4‐substituted pyridine ring exhibits a reversible photoluminescent color change, while the 2‐substituted chromophore shows only a small change in luminescence, and the 3‐substituted chromophore displays an irreversible photoluminescent color change with mechanical grinding. A change of the sample color in response to mechanical grinding is also achieved for a dye‐dispersed poly(vinyl alcohol) film. Furthermore, a simultaneous acid and mechanoresponsive photoemission color change is achieved in the dye‐dispersed film.
Guaranteed Cost Consensus for Multi‐Agent Systems with Fixed Topologies
Authors: Wang Zhong , Xi Jianxiang , Yao Zhicheng , Liu Guangbin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGuaranteed cost consensus analysis and design problems for multi‐agent systems with fixed interaction topologies are investigated. Guaranteed cost consensus problems for multi‐agent systems are introduced to obtain a tradeoff between the consensus regulation performance and the energy consumption, where a cost function is constructed based on state errors among neighboring agents and control inputs of all agents. Sufficient conditions for guaranteed cost consensus and consensualization are given by the state space decomposition approach and the Lyapunov method, an upper bound of the cost function and the consensus value are determined respectively. It should be pointed out that these criteria of guaranteed cost consensus and consensualization are only related to the maximum eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix associated with the interaction topology. A numerical simulation is given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Simultaneous efficient removal of high‐strength ammonia nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand from landfill leachate by using an extremely high ammonia nitrogen–resistant strain
Authors: Yu Dahai , Yang Jiyu , Fang Xuexun , Ren Hejun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBioaugmentation is a promising technology for pollutant elimination from stressed environments, and it would provide an efficient way to solve challenges in traditional biotreatment of wastewater with high strength of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+‐N). A high NH4+‐N‐resistant bacteria strain, identified as Bacillus cereus (Jlu BC), was domesticated and isolated from the bacteria consortium in landfill leachate. Jlu BC could survive in 100 g/L NH4+‐N environment, which indicated its extremely high NH4+‐N tolerance than the stains found before. Jlu BC was employed in the bioaugmented system to remove high strength of NH4+‐N from landfill leachate, and to increase the removal efficiency, response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing bioaugmentation degradation conditions. At the optimum condition (initial pH 7.33, 4.14 days, initial chemical oxygen demand [COD] concentration [18,000 mg/L], 3.5 mL inoculated domesticated bacteria strain, 0.3 mg/mL phosphorus supplement, 30 °C, and 170 rpm), 94.74 ± 3.8% removal rate of NH4+‐N was obtained, and the experiment data corresponded well with the predicted removal rate of the RSM models (95.50%). Furthermore, COD removal rate of 81.94 ± 1.4% was obtained simultaneously. The results presented are promising, and the screened strain would be of great practical importance in mature landfill leachate and other NH4+‐N enrichment wastewater pollution control.
Effects of recombinant IL‐17F intranasal inoculation against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a murine model
Authors: Chen Ling , Guo Sheng , Wu Liangxia , Hao Chunli , Xu Wanting , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInterleukin‐17F (IL‐17F) is an important member of IL‐17 cytokine family, which plays important roles in host defense against microbial infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common pathogen associated with several invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal diseases, and mucosal immune response plays crucial roles in defenses against pneumococcal infection. Thus, intranasal inoculation may be an alternative approach against pneumococci. In this study, BALB/c mice were intranasally inoculated with recombinant IL‐17F (rIL‐17F) prior to S. pneumoniae (American Type Culture Collection 6303, serotype 3) infection. As compared with the control group, numbers of total leukocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage in lungs were significantly increased in mice inoculated with rIL‐17F. The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP‐1α), MIP‐2β, and interferon γ were significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and culture supernatant of splenocytes from mice inoculated with rIL‐17F. rIL‐17F inoculation also significantly elevated β‐defensin‐2 expression in lung tissues. Furthermore, compared with S. pneumoniae infection group, rIL‐17F inoculation prior to infection significantly reduced S. pneumoniae colonization in lungs. These findings demonstrated that rIL‐17F intranasal inoculation strengthened host defense against pneumococci, which may be developed to prevent pneumococcal infection.
Effect of acidic amino acids engineered into the active site cleft of Thermopolyspora flexuosa GH11 xylanase
Authors: Li He , Turunen Ossi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThermopolyspora flexuosa GH11 xylanase (XYN11A) shows optimal activity at pH 6–7 and 75–80 °C. We studied how mutation to aspartic acid (N46D and V48D) in the vicinity of the catalytic acid/base affects the pH activity of highly thermophilic GH11 xylanase. Both mutations shifted the pH activity profile toward acidic pH. In general, the Km values were lower at pH 4–5 than at pH 6, and in line with this, the rate of hydrolysis of xylotetraose was slightly faster at pH 4 than at pH 6. The N46D mutation and also lower pH in XYN11A increased the hydrolysis of xylotriose. The Km value increased remarkably (from 2.5 to 11.6 mg/mL) because of V48D, which indicates the weakening of binding affinity of the substrate to the active site. Xylotetraose functioned well as a substrate for other enzymes, but with lowered reaction rate for V48D. Both N46D and V48D increased the enzyme inactivation by ionic liquid [emim]OAc. In conclusion, the pH activity profile could be shifted to acidic pH due to an effect from two different directions, but the tightly packed GH11 active site can cause steric problems for the mutations.
Developmental outcomes in young children born to mothers with west nile illness during pregnancy
Authors: Sirois Patricia A. , Pridjian Gabriella , McRae Scott , Hinckley Alison F. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Kissinger Patricia , Buekens Pierre , Hayes Edward B. , O'Leary Daniel R. , Swan Kenneth F. , Xiong Xu , Wesson Dawn M. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundWest Nile virus (WNV) infection is associated with acute morbidity and mortality in adults and children. Information on the effects of maternal WNV illness during pregnancy on early childhood development is limited. This study was designed to examine the relationship between maternal WNV illness during pregnancy and birth and developmental outcomes at age 3 years.MethodsMother‐child participants were identified using a national surveillance registry for women with WNV illness during pregnancy. Maternal and infant health data and relevant family characteristics were obtained through medical record reviews and maternal questionnaires. All infants received ophthalmologic examinations. Child development was evaluated at age 3 years using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley‐III).ResultsAs a group, the children's (N = 11) birth weight, head circumference, and infant ophthalmologic examination results were within age expectations; one child was born preterm (gestational age 36 weeks). Mean (SD) age at the time of Bayley‐III testing was 36.7 (3.8) months. The group's mean performance on the Bayley‐III was at or above age level in all domains, but one child showed a mild delay in the Adaptive domain. The variability observed in this sample (1/53 [1.9%] Domain scores < −2.0 SDs) was consistent with expectations based upon the distribution of Bayley‐III Domain scores in the general population.ConclusionMaternal WNV infection does not appear to be associated with global developmental delays in young children. These results are preliminary, however, and require confirmation in future research. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:792–796, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of renal anomalies in VACTERL association
Authors: Cunningham Bridget K. , Khromykh Alina , Martinez Ariel F. , Carney Tyler , Hadley Donald W. , Solomon Benjamin D. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundVACTERL association refers to a combination of congenital anomalies that can include: vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardiac malformations, tracheo‐esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, renal anomalies (typically structural renal anomalies), and limb anomalies.MethodsWe conducted a description of a case series to characterize renal findings in a cohort of patients with VACTERL association. Out of the overall cohort, 48 patients (with at least three component features of VACTERL and who had abdominal ultrasound performed) met criteria for analysis. Four other patients were additionally analyzed separately, with the hypothesis that subtle renal system anomalies may occur in patients who would not otherwise meet criteria for VACTERL association.ResultsThirty‐three (69%) of the 48 patients had a clinical manifestation affecting the renal system. The most common renal manifestation (RM) was vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in addition to a structural defect (present in 27%), followed by unilateral renal agenesis (24%), and then dysplastic/multicystic kidneys or duplicated collected system (18% for each). Twenty‐two (88%) of the 25 patients with a structural RM had an associated anorectal malformation. Individuals with either isolated lower anatomic anomalies, or both upper and lower anatomic anomalies were not statistically more likely to have a structural renal defect than those with isolated upper anatomic anomalies (p = 0.22, p = 0.284, respectively).ConclusionGiven the high prevalence of isolated VUR in our cohort, we recommend a screening VCUG or other imaging modality be obtained to evaluate for VUR if initial renal ultrasound shows evidence of obstruction or renal scarring, as well as ongoing evaluation of renal health. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 100:801–805, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromatographic and electrophoretic strategies for the chiral separation and quantification of d‐ and l‐threo methylphenidate in biological matrices
Authors: Allen Serena A. , Pond Brooks B. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCommercially available methylphenidate (MPH) exists as a racemic mixture composed of the d‐ and l‐threo enantiomers. Various pharmacokinetic studies of MPH have shown a greater pharmacological potency of the d‐threo enantiomer. Furthermore, it was deduced that the stereoselective cleavage of MPH to produce ritalinic acid (RA) by human carboxylesterase results in a higher oral bioavailability of the d‐threo enantiomer. As a requirement for pharmaceutical regulation authorities, efforts have been made to determine the differential biological distribution of d‐ and l‐threo MPH and RA enantiomers. In support of these efforts, numerous analytical procedures have been developed for the chiral separation and quantification of MPH enantiomers in a variety of biological matrices. The available methodologies accomplish the enantioseparation and quantification of MPH using gas chromatography, liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoretic techniques coupled with a variety of detectors. The current review discusses the technical procedures involved, and the sensitivity and selectivity of these assays. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Position‐based rigid‐body dynamics
Authors: Deul Crispin , Charrier Patrick , Bender Jan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe propose a position‐based approach for large‐scale simulations of rigid bodies at interactive frame rates. Our method solves positional constraints between rigid bodies and can therefore be seamlessly integrated into other position‐based methods. Interaction of particles and rigid bodies through common constraints enables two‐way coupling with deformables. The method exhibits exceptional performance and stability while being user controllable and easy to implement. Various results demonstrate the practicability of our method for the resolution of collisions, contacts, stacking and joint constraints. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining inverse blending and Jacobian‐based inverse kinematics to improve accuracy in human motion generation
Authors: Zhang Liang , Brunnett Guido 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe present in the paper a hybrid method for motion editing combining motion blending and Jacobian‐based inverse kinematics (IK). When the original constraints are changed, a blending‐based IK solver is first employed to find an adequate joint configuration coarsely. Using linear motion blending, this search corresponds to a gradient‐based minimization in the weight space. The found solution is then improved by a Jacobian‐based IK solver by further minimizing the distance between the end effectors and constraints. To accelerate the searching in the weight space, we introduce a weight map, which pre‐computes the good starting positions for the gradient‐based minimization. The advantages of our approach are threefold: first, more realistic motions can be generated by utilizing motion blending techniques, compared with pure Jacobian‐based IK. The blended results also increase the rate of convergence of the Jacobian‐based IK solver. Second, the Jacobian‐based IK solver modifies poses in the pose configuration space and the computational cost does not scale with the number of examples. Third, it is possible to extrapolate the given example motions with a Jacobian‐based IK solver, while it is generally difficult with pure blending‐based techniques. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reiter's syndrome and hearing loss: a possible association?
Authors: Monsanto Rafael C. , Neto Arlindo C. L. , Lorenzetti Fábio T. M. 
Published: September 2014

Key clinical messagePatient complained of hearing loss and tinnitus after the onset of Reiter's syndrome. Audiometry confirmed the hearing loss on the left ear; blood work showed increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C3 fraction of the complement. Genotyping for HLA‐B27 was positive. Treatment with prednisolone did not improve the hearing levels.