bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of a diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm based on genotyping using microsatellite markers
Authors: Tiwari Kapil K. , Singh Anshuman , Pattnaik Sasmita , Sandhu Maninder , Kaur Sukhdeep , Jain Sourabh , Tiwari Sushma , Mehrotra Shweta , Anumalla Mahender , Samal Rashmita , Bhardwaj Jyoti , Dubey Neha , Sahu Vikrant , Kharshing Gayle A. , Zeliang Patu K. , Sreenivasan Kadiri , Kumar Pankaj , Parida Swarup K. , Mithra Sevanthi V. A. , Rai Vandana , Tyagi Wricha , Agrawal Pawan K. , Rao Atmakuri R. , Pattanayak Arunava , Chandel Girish , Singh Ashok K. , Bisht Ishwari S. , Bhat Kangila V. , Rao Gundimeda J. N. , Khurana Jitendra P. , Singh Nagendra K. , Mohapatra Trilochan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIdentification of a small core germplasm set representing the available genetic diversity is essential for its proper evaluation and subsequent utilization in rice improvement programmes. For constituting a small diverse mini‐core panel of Indian rice germplasm, a representative set of 6912 accessions drawn based on their geographic origin from the whole rice germplasm collection available in the National Gene Bank was genotyped using 36 microsatellite markers. Automated fragment analysis of amplicons yielded a total of 435 alleles, with an average 12.4 and range of 3–29 alleles per locus. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.08 (RGNMS190) to 0.86 (RM552) with an average of 0.528. Based on genotyping data, a mini‐core consisting of 98 genotypes was identified. Ninety‐four per cent of the alleles present in the core set were present in the mini‐core. The identified small but diverse panel will be useful for further intensive trait‐specific evaluation and utilization in allele mining.
Detecting major QTL associated with resistance to bacterial blight using a set of rice reciprocal introgression lines with high density SNP markers
Authors: Zhang Fan , Xie Xuewen , Xu Meirong , Wang Wensheng , Xu Jianlong , Zhou Yongli , Li Zhikang 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), is a worldwide rice disease. QTL providing BB resistance were identified using a set of introgression lines (ILs) derived from a cross between Teqing and Lemont, and 3924 evenly distributed SNP markers developed from the two parents. After inoculating three Xoo pathotypes, CII, CIV and CV, seven major BB resistance‐associated QTL were detected. The alleles at all loci with improved BB resistance were from the Teqing background. Four QTL resistance to CII and CIV were identified in the reciprocal backgrounds across 2 years. Six QTL conferring resistance to CV identified in Teqing background were not detected in Lemont background, indicating that genetic background had a strong effect on the BB resistance‐associated QTL. Based on the interactions of 27 significant digenic QTL pairs among the seven main‐effect QTL, the QTL were divided into three strain‐specific groups. Genotype analyses of resistant ILs suggest that rice lines with a high level of resistance to BB can be achieved by pyramiding R gene(s) and QTL that interact with R gene(s).
Executive dysfunction assessed by Clock‐Drawing Test in older non‐demented subjects with metabolic syndrome is not mediated by white matter lesions
Authors: Viscogliosi Giovanni , Chiriac Iulia Maria , Andreozzi Paola , Ettorre Evaristo 
Published: March 2015

AimsMetabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with greater occurrence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH). It remains uncertain whether MetS as a construct is associated with poorer cognitive performances. This study explores whether MetS is associated with poorer performances in global and domain‐specific cognitive tests in older non‐demented subjects independently of its individual components, WMH severity and other variables.MethodsMetS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition. Brain magnetic resonance studies (1.5T) were performed. Deep and periventricular WMH were graded using the Fazekas scale. Subjects underwent the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Babcock Short Story Recall test and the Clock‐Drawing Test (CDT).ResultsEighty community‐dwellers aged 67–91 years were studied. Subjects with MetS (n = 35) had more severe WMH, and poorer performances on the CDT (P = 0.003) and the Babcock Short Story Recall test (P = 0.027). After multiple adjustment, MetS was inversely associated with CDT scores (B = −1.285; 95% confidence interval = −1.996–−0.575; P = 0.001) but not with episodic memory. Results were not affected by WMH severity. Interestingly, none of the individual components of MetS predicted poorer cognitive performances.ConclusionsImpairment in executive functions assessed by CDT may represent an early and specific sign of cognitive decline in older individuals with MetS. Future longitudinal studies are needed to better establish the predictive role of MetS on dementia and to demonstrate the possibility of dementia prevention by targeting MetS.
Isotretinoin and Vitiligo: Can Chronic Cheilitis Cause Koebnerization?
Authors: Garner Michael L. , McShane Diana B. , Burkhart Craig N. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVitiligo after trauma through koebnerization is a widely reported phenomenon. Herein we present a case of vitiligo in an area of chronic cheilitis after isotretinoin treatment.
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica: A Novel SLC39A4 Gene Mutation in a Patient with Normal Zinc Levels
Authors: Garza‐Rodríguez Verónica , de la Fuente‐García Alberto , Liy‐Wong Carmen , Küry Sébastien , Schmitt Sébastien , Jamall Ijaz S. , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAcrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a rare disease that results from a defective gene, SLC39A4, and is characterized by dermatitis, alopecia, and diarrhea. We report a case of AE presenting with only periorificial and acral dermatitis in which genetic testing revealed two novel compound heterozygous missense mutations for SLC39A4. This case demonstrates that not all AE mutations alter zinc transporters in the same manner and highlights the phenotypic variability of AE.
Basal Cell Carcinoma After Treatment of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Concise Review of the Literature
Authors: Unal Sule , Cetin Mualla , Gumruk Fatma 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a rare secondary malignancy which may occur more often in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have previously received radiation therapy compared to to those who received no radiation.
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: An Update for Dermatologists
Authors: Jacks Stephanie K. , Witman Patricia M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder that often manifests early in life with cutaneous features, and it is important that dermatologists who care for children remain up to date on its diagnosis and management. This article provides an update regarding the most recent guidelines for diagnosis published by the International Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Consensus Conference, which took place in 2012, and provides a brief literature review of the most recent developments in the treatment of skin findings.
Affective Social Competence and Teacher–child Relationship Quality: Race/Ethnicity and Family Income Level as Moderators
Authors: Garner Pamela W. , Mahatmya Duhita 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study examined whether race/ethnicity and family income level moderated associations between children's affective social competence and teacher–child relationships among 132 Black, White, and Latino preschoolers. Boys and girls were equally represented in the sample. Of the three racial/ethnic groups, Latino children scored lowest on emotion regulation, were less close to their teachers, and experienced more teacher–child conflict and dependence. In contrast, Black children had closer, less conflict‐laden, and less dependent teacher–child relationships than children of other racial/ethnic backgrounds. Emotion regulation served as a protective factor against problematic teacher–child relationships, particularly for Latino and Black children compared with high‐income White children. Emotion regulation was positively associated with teacher–child closeness for Black children. However, it was negatively associated with teacher–child conflict for Latino children, regardless of income. For all outcomes, teacher characteristics accounted highly for the differences in teacher–child relational quality. Findings are discussed in terms of the functional role of emotions for teacher–child relationships and suggest important contextual influences on the associations.
Combination therapy – deferasirox and deferoxamine – in thalassemia major patients in emerging countries with limited resources
Authors: Arandi N. , Haghpanah S. , Safaei S. , Zahedi Z. , Ashrafi A. , Eatemadfar P. , Zarei T. , Radwan A. H , Taher A. T , Karimi M. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundThe problem of iron‐overload observed in thalassemia patients can be overcome using chelating agents such as deferiprone (Ferroprox®), deferasirox (Exjade®) and deferoxamine (Desferal®). Although these drugs can be used as monotherapy, combined therapy, especially deferiprone with deferoxamine, has led to promising outcomes in various studies.Methods and MaterialsIn this quasi‐experimental study, serum ferritin levels were evaluated in 32 β‐thalassemia major patients with severe iron overload before and after receiving combined deferasirox (30–40 mg kg−1 day−1) and deferoxamine (40–50 mg kg−1 day−1) 2 days a week. This study was conducted from September 2012 to September 2013 in Southern Iran.ResultsThe mean of serum ferritin levels significantly reduced from 4031 ± 1955 to 2416 ± 1653 ng mL−1 after 12 months of therapy (P < 0·001). Echocardiograph findings showed significant improvement 1year after end of the study (P < 0·001). No drug toxicity was observed by monitoring serum creatinine, liver enzymes and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) during the study period. We observed no correlation between mean serum ferritin change and age (P = 0·87). In addition, the mean serum ferritin change did not differ between male and female thalassemia patients (P = 0·454). No difference in mean serum ferritin change was observed between patients who had undergone splenectomy compared to those who had not done so (P = 0·307).ConclusionThe study suggests that combination chelating therapy with deferasirox and deferoxamine can effectively reduce iron burden in β‐thalassemia major patients with heavy iron overload without any significant complications.
Histone H2A/H2B chaperones: from molecules to chromatin‐based functions in plant growth and development
Authors: Zhou Wangbin , Zhu Yan , Dong Aiwu , Shen Wen‐Hui 
Published: March 2015

SummaryNucleosomal core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) must be assembled, replaced or exchanged to preserve or modify chromatin organization and function according to cellular needs. Histone chaperones escort histones, and play key functions during nucleosome assembly/disassembly and in nucleosome structure configuration. Because of their location at the periphery of nucleosome, histone H2A–H2B dimers are remarkably dynamic. Here we focus on plant histone H2A/H2B chaperones, particularly members of the NUCLEOSOME ASSEMBLY PROTEIN‐1 (NAP1) and FACILITATES CHROMATIN TRANSCRIPTION (FACT) families, discussing their molecular features, properties, regulation and function. Covalent histone modifications (e.g. ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation) and H2A variants (H2A.Z, H2A.X and H2A.W) are also discussed in view of their crucial importance in modulating nucleosome organization and function. We further discuss roles of NAP1 and FACT in chromatin‐based processes, such as transcription, DNA replication and repair. Specific functions of NAP1 and FACT are evident when their roles are considered with respect to regulation of plant growth and development and in plant responses to environmental stresses. Future major challenges remain in order to define in more detail the overlapping and specific roles of various members of the NAP1 family as well as differences and similarities between NAP1 and FACT family members, and to identify and characterize their partners as well as new families of chaperones to understand histone variant incorporation and chromatin target specificity.
Reduced Burden of Salmonella enterica in Bovine Subiliac Lymph Nodes Associated with Administration of a Direct‐fed Microbial
Authors: Vipham J. L. , Loneragan G. H. , Guillen L. M. , Brooks J. C. , Johnson B. J. , Pond A. , Pond N. , Brashears M. M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryDespite effective food safety interventions within abattoirs, Salmonella enterica remains a common contaminant of raw ground beef. Research has recently implicated peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) as a potential route by which Salmonella contaminates ground beef. This study examined the efficacy of using Lactobacillus animalis (formerly designated Lactobacillus acidophilus; NP51) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (NP24), at 109 cfu/head/day, as a direct‐fed microbial (DFM) in feedlot cattle diets to control Salmonella within PLNs. Two studies were conducted in which cattle were randomly allocated into either control or DFM treatment groups. Diets of treated cattle were supplemented with 109 cfu/head/day of the DFM, while control groups received no DFM supplementation. During slaughter at abattoirs, one subiliac lymph node (SLN) per carcass was collected from 627 carcasses from one study and 99 carcasses from the second study. Lymph nodes were cultured to estimate the presence and concentration of Salmonella. In the first study, effects of DFM supplementation varied across slaughter days. On the first and second slaughter days, prevalence was reduced by 50% (P = 0.0072) and 31% (P = 0.0093), respectively. No significant difference was observed on slaughter day three (P = 0.1766). In the second study, Salmonella was 82% less likely (P = 0.008) to be recovered from SLNs of treatment cattle. While a greater relative risk reduction was observed in the latter study, absolute risk reductions were similar across studies. A significant reduction in the concentration of Salmonella in SLNs (P < 0.0001) on a cfu/g and cfu/node basis was also observed in cattle administered NP51 and NP24 in the first study; in the second study, too few quantifiable SLNs were observed to facilitate meaningful comparisons. The results indicate that NP51 and NP24 supplementation may aid in reducing the prevalence and concentration of Salmonella in SLNs and, therefore, serve as an effective control measure to reduce Salmonella in ground beef products.
Combustion of a Coal-Water Mixture in a Gas Turbine Combustor
Authors: Horner M. W. 
Published: March 2015

An experimental program is under way to evaluate the atomization, combustion, turbine blading tolerance, and emissions for a coal-water mixture (CWM) fuel. Combustor and turbine components from an MS6001 commercial gas turbine are being utilized with modifications to accommodate the CWM characteristics. Raw coal is physically cleaned, or beneficiated, to achieve less than 1% ash; this cleaned coal is then treated to achieve acceptable viscosity and stability as a 50/50 mixture by weight with water.
The preparations for combustion testing have been completed, and testing with CWM has begun. The goals of the test are to achieve combustion at 100% CWM and to prepare for subsequent ash deposition testing with a downstream turbine nozzle cascade sector. Modifications to operating procedures and physical geometry will be made, as necessary, to achieve acceptable component metal temperatures, pressure pulsation levels, and combustor exit spatial temperature variations.
Power Generation Through Coal Gasification: An Overview of DOE-Funded Projects
Authors: Halow J. S. 
Published: March 2015

The U.S. Department of Energy is currently sponsoring a variety of projects aimed at developing advanced systems for power generation using coal gasification as the central conversion process. These systems include both gas turbines and fuel cells as power generating devices and emphasize hot gas cleanup for equipment protection and environmental control from coal contaminants.
Gasification projects in the DOE program cover a range of scales from laboratory investigations to PDU scale plants. Fundamental studies of gasification reactions, ash chemistry, transport processes, and modeling are being conducted to uncover potential improvements that may be made to gasification processes and to ways of reducing cleanup burdens on downstream equipment. Several PDU scale projects are being sponsored to further promising processes. Gas stream cleanup emphasize hot control of particulates, sulfur, alkali, and trace species which may damage power generation equipment. A systems approach has been adopted in formulating strategies for these programs. This approach and brief description of projects in gasification and cleanup will be presented.
Dynamic 31P MR spectroscopy of plantar flexion: Influence of ergometer design, magnetic field strength (3 and 7 T), and RF‐coil design
Authors: Šedivý Petr , Christina Kipfelsberger Monika , Dezortová Monika , Krššák Martin , Drobný Miloslav , Chmelík Marek , Rydlo Jan , Trattnig Siegfried , Hájek Milan , Valkovič Ladislav 
Published: March 2015

Purpose:Dynamic phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) during and after acute exercise enables the noninvasive in vivo determination of the mitochondrial capacity of skeletal muscle. Nevertheless, the lack of standardization in experimental setups leads to significant variations in published values of maximal aerobic capacity, even in the population of healthy volunteers. Thus, in this study, we aimed to assess the impact of the ergometer type (pneumatic and mechanical resistance construction), radiofrequency (RF)‐coil diameter, and different magnetic field strengths (3 and 7 T) on the metabolic parameters measured by dynamic 31P MRS during a plantar flexion isotonic exercise protocol within the same group of healthy volunteers.Methods:Dynamic 31P MRS measurements of the calf muscle in 11 volunteers (mean age, 36  ±  13 yrs; mean BMI, 23.5 ± 2.5 kg/m2), on a 3 T MR system with a custom‐made mechanical ergometer in the first research laboratory (RL1) and on 3 and 7 T MR systems equipped with a commercial pneumatic ergometer in the second research laboratory (RL2), were performed at three different workloads. RF‐coils differed slightly between the sites and MR systems used. The repeatability of the experimental protocol was tested in every setup. The basal concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), exercise‐induced depletion of PCr (ΔPCr), initial PCr resynthesis rate (VPCr), and mitochondrial capacity (Qmax) were calculated and compared between the research sites and field strengths.Results:High repeatability of the measurement protocol was found in every experimental setup. No significant differences at any workload were found in these metabolic parameters assessed at different magnetic field strengths (3 T vs 7 T), using the same ergometer (in RL2) and a similar RF‐coil. In the inter‐research laboratory comparison at the same field strength (3 T), but with using different ergometers and RF‐coils, differences were found in the concentration of PCr measured at rest and in the drop in PCr signal intensity. These differences translated into difference in the value of mitochondrial capacity at a workload of 15% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force (0.45 ± 0.16 mM/s vs 0.31 ± 0.08 mM/s, in the RL1 and RL2, respectively).Conclusions:Metabolic parameters measured during exercise challenge by dynamic 31P MRS do not depend upon the magnetic field strength used. For multicenter studies with different ergometers, it is important to set the same workload, measurement, and evaluation protocols, especially when the effects of very mild exercise (15% MVC) are to be compared. However, a higher workload (24% MVC) decreases the influence of imperfections and intersite differences for the assessed value of maximal mitochondrial capacity.
In Vitro
Drug Combination Studies of Letermovir (AIC246, MK-8228) with Approved Anti-Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Anti-HIV Compounds in Inhibition of HCMV and HIV Replication
Authors: Wildum Steffen , Zimmermann Holger , Lischka Peter 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Despite modern prevention and treatment strategies, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) remains a common opportunistic pathogen associated with serious morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, such as transplant recipients and AIDS patients. All drugs currently licensed for the treatment of HCMV infection target the viral DNA polymerase and are associated with severe toxicity issues and the emergence of drug resistance. Letermovir (AIC246, MK-8228) is a new anti-HCMV agent in clinical development that acts via a novel mode of action and has demonstrated anti-HCMV activity
in vitro
and
in vivo
. For the future, drug combination therapies, including letermovir, might be indicated under special medical conditions, such as the emergence of multidrug-resistant virus strains in transplant recipients or in HCMV-HIV-coinfected patients. Accordingly, knowledge of the compatibility of letermovir with other HCMV or HIV antivirals is of medical importance. Here, we evaluated the inhibition of HCMV replication by letermovir in combination with all currently approved HCMV antivirals using cell culture checkerboard assays. In addition, the effects of letermovir on the antiviral activities of selected HIV drugs, and vice versa, were analyzed. Using two different mathematical techniques to analyze the experimental data, (i) additive effects were observed for the combination of letermovir with anti-HCMV drugs and (ii) no interaction was found between letermovir and anti-HIV drugs. Since none of the tested drug combinations significantly antagonized letermovir efficacy (or vice versa), our findings suggest that letermovir may offer the potential for combination therapy with the tested HCMV and HIV drugs.
The New Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Resistance Gene
erm
(45) Is Located within a Genomic Island in Staphylococcus fleurettii
Authors: Wipf Juliette R. K. , Schwendener Sybille , Nielsen Jesper Boye , Westh Henrik , Perreten Vincent 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Genome alignment of a macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B (MLS
B
)-resistant
Staphylococcus fleurettii
strain with an MLS
B
-susceptible
S. fleurettii
strain revealed a novel 11,513-bp genomic island carrying the new erythromycin resistance methylase gene
erm
(45). This gene was shown to confer inducible MLS
B
resistance when cloned into
Staphylococcus aureus
. The
erm
(45)-containing island was integrated into the housekeeping gene
guaA
in
S. fleurettii
and was able to form a circular intermediate but was not transmissible to
S. aureus
.