bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educação, trabalho e desenvolvimento
Authors: Pastore José 
Published: July 2014

O propósito deste artigo é o de ressaltar a importância estratégica da educação para o desenvolvimento econômico e social do Brasil. Uma atenção especial é dada ao papel da educação de boa qualidade para elevar a produtividade do trabalho, que está estagnada há muitos anos no país. A produtividade média do trabalhador brasileiro é de apenas 20% da produtividade do americano. A rápida incorporação de avanços tecnológicos nos sistemas produtivos está a exigir profissionais que, além de terem uma boa capacitação em seus ofícios, tenham uma boa educação básica, que lhes permita dominar adequadamente a linguagem e a matemática, e bons conhecimentos gerais. O trabalho moderno é cada vez mais realizado em equipe, o que exige uma boa preparação.
Ensino médico no Brasil
Authors: Jatene Adib 
Published: July 2014

O texto aborda a expansão e a distribuição das faculdades de medicina brasileiras, o seguro-saúde e a assistência médica no Brasil, o papel do SUS, o financiamento da saúde (setores público e privado). Analisa também a concentração e a falta de médicos no país, o Programa de Saúde da Família, a atuação de generalistas e especialistas no atendimento médico, a importação de profissionais, o papel da tecnologia no atendimento médico, a deficiência da formação profissional e a demanda brasileira por médicos.
Histone Deacetylase 9 Represses Cholesterol Efflux and Alternatively Activated Macrophages in Atherosclerosis Development
Authors: Cao Qiang , Rong Shunxing , Repa Joyce J. , Clair Richard St. , Parks John S. , Mishra Nilamadhab 
Published: July 2014

Objective—
Recent genome-wide association studies revealed that a genetic variant in the loci corresponding to histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is associated with large vessel stroke. HDAC9 expression was upregulated in human atherosclerotic plaques in different arteries. The molecular mechanisms how HDAC9 might increase atherosclerosis is not clear.

Approach and Results—

In this study, we show that systemic and bone marrow cell deletion of HDAC9 decreased atherosclerosis in LDLr
−/−
(low density lipoprotein receptor) mice with minimal effect on plasma lipid concentrations. HDAC9 deletion resulted upregulation of lipid homeostatic genes, downregulation of inflammatory genes, and polarization toward an M2 phenotype via increased accumulation of total acetylated H3 and H3K9 at the promoters of ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter), ABCG1, and PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) in macrophages.

Conclusions—
We conclude that macrophage HDAC9 upregulation is atherogenic via suppression of cholesterol efflux and generation of alternatively activated macrophages in atherosclerosis.
Species composition and timing of penaeid shrimp postlarvae (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in two zones of the Mexican Pacific coast
Authors: Félix-Ortiz José A. , Siu-Quevedo Manuel E. , Castañeda-Lomas Nicolás , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Rodríguez-Montes de Oca Gustavo , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto 
Published: July 2014

The species composition and variation in density (postlarvae m−3) of penaeid shrimp postlarvae were surveyed every 14 days in two zones of the Mexican Pacific coast; in the north (Mazatlán, 23°N 106°W) and south (Gulf of Tehuantepec, 15°N 95°W). Sampling coincided with full moon and new moon, and they were carried out with plankton net (0.3 m mouth diameter and 450 μm mesh size). Average sea surface temperature (SST) for 1985-1995 increased from Mazatlán (26.2 ± 0.2°C) to Tehuantepec (28.3 ± 0.5°C). The difference in SST between the coldest and warmest month was 7.8°C in Mazatlán and 3.3°C in Tehuantepec. Four species of penaeid shrimp postlarvae were identified: Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931), L. stylirostris (Stimpson, 1874), Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes, 1900) and F. brevirostris (Kingsley, 1878). There was a regional variation in the species composition. L. vannamei was abundant at both coasts with 40% and F. californiensis varied from south to north from 45 to 36%; the less representative species were L. stylirostris and F. brevirostris, which varied from south to north from 15 to 24%. The occurrence period near Mazatlán is seven months, and it is year-round in Tehuantepec. This study suggests that warm water and low seasonal SST variability facilitate the presence of the shrimp larvae over a longer period.
Reproductive biology of Polybius henslowii Leach, 1820 (Decapoda, Polybiidae): a discard species from the northwestern Portuguese beam trawl fishery
Authors: Magalhães L. , Felício M. , Gaspar M. B. , Quintino V. , Rodrigues A. M. 
Published: July 2014

Polybius henslowii Leach, 1820, a Portunid crab distributed from the British Isles to Morocco and the Mediterranean Sea is caught in high densities by many types of fishing gear and frequently thrown back to the sea. Along the northern coast of Portugal, P. henslowii is an important species discarded in beam trawl fishery. There are no quantitative estimations of discards and very little is known about its biology, information that is needed to value this species. The present work was conducted from March 2007 to December 2010 in order to improve the current knowledge of the reproductive biology of P. henslowii. By-catches were registered aboard commercial vessels that volunteered to participate in the study. In that period P. henslowii represented 57.3% of the total catch and was present in all hauls analysed. The target species, Palaemon serratus (Pennant, 1777), represented 1.2% of the total catch, showing the low selectivity of the fishing gear and the need for suppression of this gear to catch this shrimp species. Differences in size between sexes were found, with males being larger and heavier than females. Mature females occurred mainly in autumn and the carapace width at which 50% of the females reach maturity was estimated to be 37.8 mm, which could be set as the minimum landing size of this potential exploitable resource. A macroscopic ovarian maturity stages classification was proposed, allowing a rapid field assessment of female sexual maturity. This study fills a gap in the knowledge of a very important species discarded in beam trawl fishery that may be basis of further work.
First records of Nacerdes melanura (Linnaeus 1758) and Xanthochroina auberti (Abeille de Perrin 1876) (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae) from Israel
Authors: RITTNER OZ , NIR ASSAF 
Published: July 2014

Nacerdes melanura (Linnaeus 1758) and Xanthochroina auberti (Abeille de Perrin 1876) are recorded from Israel for the first time.
An Analytical Model for Tropical Relative Humidity
Authors: Romps David M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An analytical model is derived for tropical relative humidity using only the Clausius–Clapeyron relation, hydrostatic balance, and a bulk-plume water budget. This theory is constructed for radiative–convective equilibrium and compared against a cloud-resolving model. With some reinterpretation of variables, it can be applied more generally to the entire tropics.
Given four variables—pressure, temperature, and the fractional entrainment and detrainment rates—the equations predict the relative humidity (RH) and the temperature lapse rate analytically. The RH is a simple ratio involving the fractional detrainment rate and the water-vapor lapse rate. When integrated upward in height, the equations give profiles of RH and temperature for a convecting atmosphere.
The theory explains the magnitude of RH and the “C” shape of the tropospheric RH profile. It also predicts that RH is an invariant function of temperature as the atmosphere warms, and this behavior matches what has been seen in global climate models and what is demonstrated here with cloud-resolving simulations. Extending the theory to include the evaporation of hydrometeors, a lower bound is derived for the precipitation efficiency (PE) at each height: PE &gt; 1 − RH. In a cloud-resolving simulation, this constraint is obeyed with the PE profile taking the shape of an inverted C shape.
A Comparison of Two Techniques for Generating Nowcasting Ensembles. Part I: Lagrangian Ensemble Technique
Authors: Atencia Aitor , Zawadzki Isztar 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Lagrangian extrapolation of recent radar observations is a widely used deterministic nowcasting technique in operational and research centers. However, this technique does not account for errors due to changes in precipitation motion and to growth and decay, thus limiting forecasting skill. In this work these uncertainties have been introduced in the Lagrangian forecasts to generate different realistic future realizations (ensembles). The developed technique benefits from the well-known predictable large scales (low pass) and introduces stochastic noise in the small scales (high pass). The existence of observed predictable properties in the small scales is introduced in the generation of the stochastic noise. These properties provide realistic ensembles of different meteorological situations, narrowing the spread among members. Finally, some statistical spatial and temporal properties of the final set of ensembles have been verified to determine if the technique developed introduced enough uncertainty while keeping the properties of the original field.
Extremely rare presentation of Frantz’s tumour: synchronous localisation in the pancreatic head and tail
Authors: Jurić Ivo , Pogorelić Zenon , Stepan Jasminka Giljević , Kuzmić Ivana Prusac 
Published: July 2014

Introduction Solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas is a rare lesion with low malignant potential occurring predominantly in young women. This is a report of an extremely rare occurrence of synchronous presentation of pseudopapillary tumour in the pancreatic head and tail of a 16-year-old female patient. Case presentation The patient presented with a three-month intermittent upper abdominal pain and swelling. Computed tomography scan showed two separate masses, involving the pancreatic head and tail. The patient underwent surgery, where successful tumour enucleation of both tumours was performed. Histological report confirmed solid pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas with the low malignant potential. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of synchronous presentation of pseudopapillary tumour of the pancreas.
Untreated Head and Neck Surgical Disease in Sierra Leone: A Cross‐sectional, Countrywide Survey
Authors: Van Buren Nicholas C. , Groen Reinou S. , Kushner Adam L. , Samai Mohamed , Kamara Thaim B. , Ying Jian , Meier Jeremy D. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesDemonstrate how the Surgeons OverSeas Assessment of Surgical Need (SOSAS) can be used to determine the burden of head and neck (H&N) surgical disease in developing countries and identify reasons for untreated disease.Study DesignCluster randomized, cross‐sectional, countrywide survey.SettingSierra Leone.Subjects and MethodsThe survey was administered to 75 of 9671 enumeration areas in Sierra Leone between January 9 and February 3, 2012, with 25 households in each cluster randomly selected for the survey. A household representative and 2 randomly selected household members were interviewed. Need for surgical care was based on participants’ responses to whether they had an H&N condition that they believed needed surgical care.ResultsOf 1875 households, data were analyzed for 1843 (98%), with 3645 total respondents. Seven hundred and one H&N surgical conditions were reported as occurring during the lifetime of the 3645 respondents (19.2%). The current prevalence of H&N conditions in need of a surgical consultation was 11.8%. No money (60.1%) was the most common reason respondents reported for not receiving medical care. A bivariate analysis demonstrated that age, village type, education, and type of condition may be predictors for seeking health care and/or receiving surgical care.ConclusionsThese results show limited access for patients to be evaluated for a potential H&N surgical condition in Sierra Leone. The true incidence of untreated surgical disease is unknown as most respondents were not evaluated by a surgeon. This survey could be used in other countries as health care professionals assess surgical needs throughout the world.
Left ventricle size quantification using non-contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography – association with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcium score in the general population: The Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Authors: Dykun Iryna , Mahabadi Amir A , Lehmann Nils , Bauer Marcus , Moebus Susanne , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Möhlenkamp Stefan , Erbel Raimund , Kälsch Hagen 
Published: July 2014

Background Increased left ventricular (LV) size is associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Once non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) is performed for other purposes, information of LV size is readily available. Purpose To determine the association of gated CT-derived LV size with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery calcification (CAC) and to describe age- and gender-specific normative values in a general population cohort. Material and Methods LV area was quantified from non-contrast-enhanced CT in axial, end-diastolic images at a mid-ventricular slice in participants of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, free of known cardiovascular disease. LV index (LVI) was calculated by the quotient of LV area and body surface area (BSA). Crude and adjusted regression analyses were used to determine the association of LVI with risk factors and CAC. Results Overall, 3926 subjects (age 59 ± 8 years, 53% women) were included in this analysis. From quantification in end-diastolic phase, men had larger LV index (2232 ± 296 mm2/m2 vs. 2088 ± 251 mm2/m2, both P < 0.0001). LVI was strongly correlated systolic blood pressure (men, PE [95% CI]: 22.8 [15.5–30.2] mm2/10 mmHg; women, 23.4 [18.1–28.6]), and antihypertensive medication (men, 45.2 [14.7–75.8] mm2; women: 46.5 [22.7–70.2], all P < 0.005). Cholesterol levels were associated with LVI in univariate analysis, however, correlations were low (R2 ≤ 0.04). In multivariable regression, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication and cholesterol levels, remained associated with LVI ( P < 0.05). LVI was linked with CAC in unadjusted (men, increase of CAC + 1 by 13.0% [1.4–25.8] with increased LVI by 1 standard deviation of LVI, P = 0.03; women, 20.7% [10.0–32.3], P < 0.0001) and risk factor adjusted models (men, 14.6% [3.7–26.6], P = 0.007); women, 17.4% [7.8–27.8], P = 0.0002). Conclusion Non-contrast cardiac CT derived LV index is associated with body size and hypertension. LVI is weakly linked with CAC-score. Further studies need to evaluate whether assessment of LV dimensions from cardiac CT helps identifying subjects with increased cardiovascular risk.
A pathway from long-term care to adoption: findings from an Australian permanency programme
Authors: Tregeagle Susan , Moggach Lynne , Cox Elizabeth , Voigt Louise 
Published: July 2014

Children who hope to be adopted from the care system frequently experience delays, unproductive disruption in attachments and difficulties locating new families. This article seeks to contribute to the search for effective adoption practice by exploring an approach developed in Australia, whereby restoration and ‘long-term foster care with the view to adoption’ are undertaken intensively but sequentially. When the child cannot return home, adoption is one of the options considered but no decision is made until a long-term foster family is well established. While planning happens concurrently, placements never have dual purposes and are therefore different from what is known as concurrent planning. This study is based on an internal agency examination of adoption records over a 10-year period. Open adoptions were ultimately achieved for one-third of those who entered long-term care, and the children had a wide range of ages and included sibling groups and those with behavioural difficulties. Adoption took, on average, 4.4 years to finalise but there was wide variation in timeframes, with younger children being adopted more quickly. Perhaps most significantly, a permanent placement was found relatively soon for children of all ages, as they did not have to wait for a family willing to commit to adoption or endure lengthy legal proceedings. The adoption was most timely when both restoration and long-term care teams were managed within one agency (albeit in separate programmes). Furthermore, permanent families were located for children for whom adoption ultimately proved to be inappropriate.
Recognizing the Intersections between Human Rights and the Environment in Legal Education and Training
Authors: Olawuyi Damilola S. 
Published: July 2014

Ever since the 1972 Stockholm Declaration proclaimed that man’s natural and man-made environment are essential to his well-being and to the enjoyment of his basic human rights—especially the right to life itself—there has been a consensus amongst scholars that there is a link between the environment and human rights; that a clean environment is a sine qua non for the enjoyment of other human rights; and that without a clean environment, humankind may not live to enjoy the other recognized forms of rights such as the right to life and the right to education. Despite this consensus, however, the human rights and environmental epistemic communities continue to operate largely as strange bedfellows. This is largely due to the perception, and most times the reality, that environmental administrators may lack the required training and skills to interpret, apply and mainstream human rights instruments and vice versa. This article discusses the reasons for this dichotomy. Principally, this persisting gap between both epistemic communities can be traced to a lack of a holistic education and training that introduces administrators on both sides of the divide to key instruments, resources, materials and training needed to holistically apply both instruments. This article discusses the need to reflect the synergies between both divergent and convergent areas of law in teaching and research. As the world becomes ever more aware of how lack of environmental protection could threaten the enjoyment of human rights, there is a need to provide adequate education and training to law students in order to adequately prepare them to mainstream and apply environmental rights in their future careers. This article proposes and describes a specialized ‘human rights and environment seminar’ as an example of a course that could be introduced into the legal curriculum to further identify the cross-cutting linkages between environmental law, international law and human rights law. A draft curriculum on the content and nature of this seminar is proposed and discussed.
Inequalities and asymptotic expansions associated with the Wallis sequence
Authors: Lin Long , Deng Ji-En , Chen Chao-Ping 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present the asymptotic expansions of functions involving the ratio of gamma functions and provide formulas for determining the coefficients of the asymptotic expansions. As consequences, we obtain the asymptotic expansions of the Wallis sequence. Also, we establish inequalities for the Wallis sequence.

MSC:40A05, 33B15, 41A60, 26D15.
On the stability of the Cartesian product of a neural ring and an arbitrary neural network
Authors: Ivanov Sergey , Kipnis Mikhail , Medina Rigoberto 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The stability of a system of neural networks connected to a ring has been studied extensively throughout recent years. Our main contribution within this work states that the stability region in the parameter space of a discrete-time model can be extended by breaking such a ring provided that there is a sufficiently large number of networks. Also, it has been shown that for a small ring, paradoxical values may appear within its parameter space for which such a ring is stable; meanwhile, corresponding linear configuration is unstable.

MSC:37B25.
A short tool to screen HIV-infected patients for mild neurocognitive disorders – a pilot study
Authors: Fasel Dominique , Kunze Ursula , Elzi Luigia , Werder Vreni , Niepmann Susanne , Monsch Andreas U , Schumacher Rahel , Battegay Manuel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
We aimed to evaluate the accuracy and acceptability of a short screening test battery for mild neurocognitive deficits.

Methods
HIV-infected individuals with a suppressed viral load were examined at the University Hospital Basel with a screening test consisting of a questionnaire and selected cognitive tests, administered by trained nurses, followed by an in-depth neuropsychological examination. Test acceptance was evaluated with a questionnaire.

Results
30 patients were included in this study (median age of 52.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 47–64), prior AIDS-defining condition in 37%, median CD4 cell count 658 (IQR 497–814) cells/μl). Overall, 25 (83%) patients were diagnosed with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) on in-depth neuropsychological assessment (16 patients had asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment (ANI), 8 a mild neurocognitive disorder (MND) and 1 patient HIV-associated dementia (HAD). Among 25 patients with HAND, only 9 patients (36%) were complaining of memory loss. The screening battery revealed neurocognitive deficits in 17 (57%) patients (sensitivity 64%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 94% and negative predictive value 31%). Most patients (83%) estimated the screening test as valuable and not worrisome.

Conclusions
A questionnaire combined with selected neuropsychological tests is a short, easy-to-perform very well accepted screening tool for mild neurocognitive disorders in asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals.
Adalimumab regulates intracellular TNFα production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zamora-Atenza Carlos , Diaz-Torne Cesar , Geli Carme , Diaz-Lopez Cesar , Ortiz M Angels , Moya Patricia , Castellví Ivan , Nieto Juan C , Cantó Elisabet , Casademont Jordi , Juarez Candido , Llobet Josep M , Vidal Silvia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Adalimumab is a fully human anti–tumor necrosis factor α (anti-TNFα) monoclonal antibody that specifically blocks the interaction of TNFα with its receptors. It binds both soluble and transmembrane TNFα. We hypothesized that blocking these TNFα signals regulates the altered TNFα production in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods
We compared, by flow cytometry, Toll-like receptor induction levels of membrane and intracellular TNFα in monocytes (iTNFα + CD14+ cells) from 12 patients before and after adalimumab treatment with those from 5 healthy donors.

Results
Before starting the treatment, the percentage of iTNFα+ CD14+ cells in the RA patients was significantly lower than that in healthy donors (mean ± SEM = 33.16 ± 4.82% vs 66.51 ± 2.4%, P < 0.001). When we added in vitro TNFα to healthy donor culture cells, levels of iTNFα+ CD14+ cells decreased, suggesting that the TNFα signal was responsible for the iTNFα+ CD14+ cell downregulation observed in the RA patients. After 2, 6 and 12 adalimumab injections, we observed significant blocking of membrane and soluble TNFα and a progressive increase in iTNFα+ CD14+ cells in ten patients with a good to moderate response as defined by the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria. Levels of iTNFα+ CD14+ cells after 12 injections in these 10 patients were comparable to levels in healthy donors. In two patients, iTNFα+ CD14+ cell upregulation was not observed, and their EULAR-defined responses had not improved. The first patient developed antiadalimumab antibodies, explaining why adalimumab was not able to block membrane and soluble TNFα. In the second patient, adalimumab was discontinued because of adverse effects, which led to a decrease in iTNFα+ CD14+ cells to levels measured before treatment.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that adalimumab treatment in RA patients can return iTNFα levels to those of healthy donors. This effect was not observed in the presence of neutralizing antiadalimumab antibodies.