bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITO‐Free and Fully Solution‐Processed Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with High Fill Factors
Authors: Guo Fei , Zhu Xiangdong , Forberich Karen , Krantz Johannes , Stubhan Tobias , Salinas Michael , Halik Marcus , Spallek Stefanie , Butz Benjamin , Spiecker Erdmann , Ameri Tayebeh , Li Ning , Kubis Peter , Guldi Dirk M. , Matt Gebhard J. , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOrganic photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells that can be simply processed from solution are in the focus of the academic and industrial community because of their enormous potential to reduce cost. One big challenge in developing a fully solution‐processed OPV technology is the design of a well‐performing electrode system, allowing the replacement of ITO. Several solution‐processed electrode systems were already discussed, but none of them could match the performance of ITO. Here, we report efficient ITO‐free and fully solution‐processed semitransparent inverted organic solar cells based on silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes. To demonstrate the potential of these AgNW electrodes, they were employed as both the bottom and top electrodes. Record devices achieved fill factors as high as 63.0%, which is comparable to ITO based reference devices. These results provide important progress for fully printed organic solar cells and indicate that ITO‐free, transparent as well as non‐transparent organic solar cells can indeed be fully solution‐processed without losses.
Persistent Hypertension Despite Successful Dilation of a Stenotic Renal Artery in a Boy With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Ueda Keisuke , Awazu Midori , Konishi Yoriko , Takenouchi Toshiki , Shimozato Sachiko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Takahashi Takao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHypertension is one of the major complications in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). It is known to be caused by renal artery stenosis or pheochromocytoma. However, more than half of hypertensive patients with NF1 do not have either disorder. We report here on a 13‐year‐old male with NF1 who had hypertension and a stenosis of the right renal artery associated with elevated renal vein renin on the diseased side. He underwent percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. In spite of successful dilation of the artery and normalized renin level, high blood pressure persisted beyond 6 months requiring antihypertensive medication. His wide pulse pressure suggested arterial stiffness due to NF1 vasculopathy. We posit that the cause of hypertension in this patient was considered to be arterial stiffness ascribed to NF1 vasculopathy rather than renal artery stenosis. Increased pulse pressure supports the hypothesis. This marker of arterial stiffness can be assessed non‐invasively and should be evaluated routinely in NF1. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Three Multidentate Nitrogen Donor Ligands: Conformational Flexibility and Solvent Effects
Authors: Dezhahang Zahra , Poopari Mohammad Reza , Xu Yunjie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of multidentate nitrogen donor ligands have been synthesized and characterized and their conformational distributions in solution have been investigated. Vibrational absorption (VA) and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy, complemented with DFT calculations, have been used to probe the conformations of these important ligands in solution directly. These three ligands demonstrate very different conformational flexibility; the pyridine subunits and amine groups may adopt a number of different conformations. Experimental VA and VCD data measured in CDCl3 have been compared to the theoretical spectra of all possible most stable conformers. Solvent effects have been taken into account by using the implicit polarizable continuum model and explicit solvation model. The explicit hydrogen‐bonding solvation model is important for explaining the VCD sign‐reverse phenomenon in the amide I region. Good agreement has been achieved between experimental and predicted spectra for all three ligands; thus allowing detailed examination of the related conformational structures and distributions in solution.
Protein Contacts and Ligand Binding in the Inward‐Facing Model of Human P‐Glycoprotein
Authors: Pajeva Ilza K. , Hanl Markus , Wiese Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe primary aim of this work was to analyze the contacts between residues in the nucleotide binding domains (NBDs) and at the interface between the transmembrane domains (TMDs) and the NBDs in the inward‐open homology model of human P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp). The analysis revealed communication nets through hydrogen bonding in the NBD and at the NBD–TMD interface of each half involving residues from the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) motifs and the coupling helices of the intracellular loops. Similar networks have been identified in P‐gp conformations generated by molecular dynamics simulation. Differences have been recorded in the networking between both halves of P‐gp. Many of the residue contacts have also been observed in the X‐ray crystal structures of other ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters, which confirms their validity. Next, possible binding pockets involving residues of importance for the TMD–NBD communication were identified. By studying these pockets, binding sites were suggested for rhodamine 123 (R‐site) and prazosin (regulatory site) at the NBD–TMD interface that agreed with the experimental data on their location. Additionally, one more R‐site in the protein cavity was proposed, in accordance with the available biochemical data. Together with the previously suggested Hoechst 33342 site (H‐site), all sites were interpreted with respect to their effects on the protein ATPase activity, in correspondence with the experimental observations. Several residues involved in key contacts in the P‐gp NBDs were proposed for further targeted mutagenesis experiments.
Integrated Devices to Realize Energy Conversion and Storage Simultaneously
Authors: Chen Tao , Yang Zhibin , Peng Huisheng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOther forms of energy are generally converted to electric energy and then transported to electrochemical devices, where the energy is stored, by external electric wires. To further improve total energy conversion and storage efficiency, interest in simultaneously realize the energy conversion and storage in a single device has increased. This Concept describes recent progress in developing such novel integrated energy devices. Both planar and wire architectures are carefully illustrated with an emphasis on the “energy wire” which has been the focus of past developments due to its unique and promising applications, such as being woven into clothes or other complex structures by conventional textile technology. The current challenges and future directions of the integrated devices, particularly in the wire architecture, are summarized.
GI/Geom/1 queue based on communication model for mesh networks
Authors: Wei W. , Xu Q. , Wang L. , Hei X. H. , Shen P. , Shi W. , Shan L. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn mesh networks architecture, it should be permitted to visit the mobile client points. Whereas in mesh networks environment, the main throughput flows usually communicate with the conventional wired network. The so‐called gateway nodes can link directly to traditional Ethernet, depending on these mesh nodes, and can obtain access to data sources that are related to the Ethernet. In wireless mesh networks (WMNs), the quantities of gateways are limited. The packet‐processing ability of settled wireless nodes is limited. Consequently, throughput loads of mesh nodes highly affect the network performance. In this paper, we propose a queuing system that relied on traffic model for WMNs. On the basis of the intelligent adaptivenes, the model considers the influences of interference. Using this intelligent model, service stations with boundless capacity are defined as between gateway and common nodes based on the largest hop count from the gateways, whereas the other nodes are modeled as service stations with certain capacity. Afterwards, we analyze the network throughput, mean packet loss ratio, and packet delay on each hop node with the adaptive model proposed. Simulations show that the intelligent and adaptive model presented is precise in modeling the features of traffic loads in WMNs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse analytical findings with clenbuterol among U‐17 soccer players attributed to food contamination issues
Authors: Thevis Mario , Geyer Lina , Geyer Hans , Guddat Sven , Dvorak Jiri , Butch Anthony , Sterk Saskia S. , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2013

The illicit use of growth promoters in animal husbandry has frequently been reported in the past. Among the drugs misused to illegally increase the benefit of stock farming, clenbuterol has held a unique position due to the substance's composition, mechanism of action, metabolism, and disposition. Particularly clenbuterol's disposition in animals' edible tissues destined for food production can cause considerable issues on consumption by elite athletes registered in national and international doping control systems as demonstrated in this case‐related study. Triggered by five adverse analytical findings with clenbuterol among the Mexican national soccer team in out‐of‐competition controls in May 2011, the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) initiated an inquest into a potential food contamination (and thus sports drug testing) problem in Mexico, the host country of the FIFA U‐17 World Cup 2011. Besides 208 regular doping control samples, which were subjected to highly sensitive mass spectrometric test methods for anabolic agents, 47 meat samples were collected in team hotels during the period of the tournament and forwarded to Institute of Food Safety, RIKILT.In 14 out of 47 meat samples (30%), clenbuterol was detected at concentrations between 0.06 and 11 µg/kg. A total of 109 urine samples out of 208 doping control specimens (52%) yielded clenbuterol findings at concentrations ranging from 1–1556 pg/ml, and only 5 out of 24 teams provided urine samples that did not contain clenbuterol. At least one of these teams was on a strict ‘no‐meat’ diet reportedly due to the known issue of clenbuterol contamination in Mexico. Eventually, owing to the extensive evidence indicating meat contamination as the most plausible reason for the extraordinary high prevalence of clenbuterol findings, none of the soccer players were sanctioned. However, elite athletes have to face severe consequences when testing positive for a prohibited anabolic agent and sufficient supporting information corroborating the scenario of inadvertent ingestion are required to be acquitted from anti‐doping rule violations. Hence, governmental contribution is urgently needed to combat the illegal use of clenbuterol in stock breading. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Properties of Aza[4]helicenes
Authors: Zheng Yuan‐Hui , Lu Hai‐Yan , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of aza[4]helicenes have been conveniently synthesized in yields of 71–92 % by a one‐pot procedure involving the Pictet–Spengler reaction. The structures of the aza[4]helicenes were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography. Moreover, it was found that the aza[4]helicenes self‐assemble into 2D layers or herringbone‐like structures in the solid state. In addition, the optical properties were investigated by UV and fluorescence spectroscopic methods.
Fully Organic Nanocomposites with High Thermoelectric Power Factors by using a Dual‐Stabilizer Preparation
Authors: Moriarty Gregory P. , Briggs Kenneth , Stevens Bart , Yu Choongho , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe thermoelectric properties of fully organic nanocomposites were investigated, for which meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were used as instrinically conductive and semiconducting stabilizers, respectively. The electrical conductivity (σ) of these dual‐stabilizer organic composites increased to approximately 9500 S m−1 as the concentrations of both the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and PEDOT:PSS were increased. The thermopower (or Seebeck coefficient, S) and thermal conductivity, however, remained relatively unaffected by the increase in concentration (≈40 μV K−1 and ≈0.12 W m−1 K−1, respectively). Replacing MWNTs with double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) increased σ and S to approximately 96 000 S m−1 and 70 μV K−1, respectively, at 40 wt % DWNTs. This study suggests that σ and S can be simultaneously tailored by using multiple stabilizing agents to affect the transport properties of the junctions between nanotubes. Combining semiconducting and intrinsically conductive molecules as CNT‐stabilizers has led to a power factor that is among the best for a completely organic, free‐standing film (≈500 μW m−1 K−2). These flexible, segregated‐network nanocomposites now exhibit properties that rival the more conventional inorganic semiconductors, particularly when normalized by the mass.
Comparative foliar epidermal morphology of the West African species of Amaranthaceae Juss.
Authors: Ogundipe O.T. , Kadiri A.B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe species are generally amphistomatic except Pandiaka heudelotii that is hypostomatic. Anomocytic and paracytic stomatal types were mostly found but cyclocytic and diacytic types may accompany, especially in Cyathula spp. The anticlinal wall pattern varies from undulate to curved and curved‐straight in the family. Other useful epidermal features are peltate scales, trichomes of different types such as candelabra type, unicellular and multicellular conical types, long acicular glandular forms that may be tuberculate or non‐tuberculate and the filiform type; all can be employed at species level for delimitation purpose. Sub‐familial grouping of the genera is supported while monophyly and polyphyly suggested in Gomphrenoideae and Amarantheae respectively can be inferred from the extent of character variations in the species. An indented dichotomous key is presented for species delimitation. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Complex visual hallucinations and attentional performance in eye disease and dementia: a test of the Perception and Attention Deficit model
Authors: Makin S. M. , Redman J. , Mosimann U. P. , Dudley R. , Clarke M. P. , Colbourn C. , Collerton D. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThis study aimed to test the prediction from the Perception and Attention Deficit model of complex visual hallucinations (CVH) that impairments in visual attention and perception are key risk factors for complex hallucinations in eye disease and dementia.MethodsTwo studies ran concurrently to investigate the relationship between CVH and impairments in perception (picture naming using the Graded Naming Test) and attention (Stroop task plus a novel Imagery task). The studies were in two populations—older patients with dementia (n = 28) and older people with eye disease (n = 50) with a shared control group (n = 37). The same methodology was used in both studies, and the North East Visual Hallucinations Inventory was used to identify CVH.ResultsA reliable relationship was found for older patients with dementia between impaired perceptual and attentional performance and CVH. A reliable relationship was not found in the population of people with eye disease.ConclusionsThe results add to previous research that object perception and attentional deficits are associated with CVH in dementia, but that risk factors for CVH in eye disease are inconsistent, suggesting that dynamic rather than static impairments in attentional processes may be key in this population. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annual/semiannual variation of the ionosphere
Authors: Qian Liying , Burns Alan G. , Solomon Stanley C. , Wang Wenbin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between the systematic annual and semiannual variations in the ionosphere and thermosphere using a combination of data analysis and model simulation. A climatology of daytime peak density and height of the ionospheric F2 layer was obtained from GPS radio occultation measurements by the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) during 2007–2010. These measurements were compared to simulations by the NCAR Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIE‐GCM). Model reproduction of the ionospheric annual and semiannual variations was significantly improved by imposing seasonal variation of eddy diffusion at the lower boundary, which also improves agreement with thermospheric density measurements. Since changes in turbulent mixing affect both the thermosphere and ionosphere by altering the proportion of atomic and molecular gases, these results support the proposition that composition change drives the annual/semiannual variation in both the neutral and ionized components of the coupled system.
Hospital decentralisation in Romania: stakeholders' perspectives in the newsprint media
Authors: Popa Adela Elena 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn the summer of 2010, Romania undertook a process of hospital decentralisation as part of the reform in the healthcare sector. The national newsprint media covered the process thoroughly. This paper is a study of how key stakeholders' views, attitudes, beliefs and attitudes towards decentralisation are represented in print media. 106 articles, published between June and September 2010, retrieved from the online databases of six leading national dailies were analysed. A mixed methodology was used in the data analysis stage. The qualitative data exploration identified five voices belonging to stakeholders involved directly or indirectly in the process: the representatives of central government, the local authorities (district and local councils, municipal mayors), health professionals (managers and physicians in hospitals), the media (journalists, analysts) and finally voices from civil society, professional associations and advocacy groups. These were the main actors negotiating the subjective meanings of the decentralisation process. An imbalance between these key actors were observed in the frequency, content and tone of the messages delivered in media during the four months. Central government and the local authorities were the most active voices, but the respective discourses differed significantly. An analysis of the accounts identified three main themes: the financial problem (hospitals liabilities and future spending), human resource in hospitals (the impact of decentralisation upon it) and the political character of the decentralisation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons—induced ROS accumulation enhances mutagenic potential of T‐antigen from human polyomavirus JC
Authors: Wilk Anna , Waligórski Piotr , Lassak Adam , Vashistha Himanshu , Lirette David , Tate David , Zea Arnold H. , Koochekpour Shahriar , Rodriguez Paulo , Meggs Leonard G. , Estrada John J. , Ochoa Augusto , Reiss Krzysztof 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the products of incomplete combustion of organic materials, which are present in cigarette smoke, deep‐fried food, and in natural crude oil. Since PAH‐metabolites form DNA adducts and cause oxidative DNA damage, we asked if these environmental carcinogens could affect transforming potential of the human Polyomavirus JC oncoprotein, T‐antigen (JCV T‐antigen). We extracted DMSO soluble PAHs from Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico (oil‐PAHs), and detected several carcinogenic PAHs. The oil‐PAHs were tested in exponentially growing cultures of normal mouse fibroblasts (R508), and in R508 stably expressing JCV T‐antigen (R508/T). The oil‐PAHs were cytotoxic only at relatively high doses (1:50–1:100 dilution), and at 1:500 dilution the growth and cell survival rates were practically unaffected. This non‐toxic dose triggered however, a significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caused oxidative DNA damage and the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Although oil‐PAHs induced similar levels of DNA damage in R508 and R508/T cells, only T‐antigen expressing cells demonstrated inhibition of high fidelity DNA repair by homologous recombination (HRR). In contrast, low‐fidelity repair by non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) was unaffected. This potential mutagenic shift between DNA repair mechanisms was accompanied by a significant increase in clonal growth of R508/T cells chronically exposed to low doses of the oil‐PAHs. Our results indicate for the first time carcinogenic synergy in which oil‐PAHs trigger oxidative DNA damage and JCV T‐antigen compromises DNA repair fidelity. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2127–2138, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Suppression of interactions between prostate tumor cell‐surface integrin and endothelial ICAM‐1 by simvastatin inhibits micrometastasis
Authors: AL‐Husein Belal , Goc Anna , Somanath Payaningal R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCancer micrometastasis relies on the ability of cancer cells to secrete angiogenic modulators, to interact with the vascular endothelium, and to overcome the resistance offered by the endothelial‐barrier. Being an essential step prior to metastasis, blockage of micrometastasis can have potential applications in cancer therapy and metastasis prevention. Due to poorly known molecular mechanisms leading to micrometastasis, developing therapeutic strategies to target prostate cancer utilizing drugs that block micrometastasis is far from reality. Here, we demonstrate the potential benefits of simvastatin in the inhibition of prostate cancer micrometastasis and reveal the novel molecular mechanisms underlying this process. First, we showed that simvastatin inhibited the ability of human PC3 prostate cancer cells for transendothelial migration in vitro. Second, our data indicated that simvastatin modulates the expression of tumor‐derived factors such as angiopoietins and VEGF‐A at the mRNA and protein levels by the PC3 cells, thus preventing endothelial‐barrier disruption. Third, simvastatin directly activated endothelial cells and enhances endothelial‐barrier resistance. Apart from this, our study revealed that simvastatin‐mediated effect on PC3 micrometastasis was mediated through inhibition of integrin αvβ3 activity and suppression of interaction between prostate cancer cell integrin αvβ3 with endothelial ICAM‐1. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 2139–2148, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.