bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synoptic and Mesoscale Dynamics of Cold Surges Over the South China Sea and Their Control on Extreme Rainfall
Authors: Tan I. , Reeder M. J. , Birch C. E. , Peatman S. C. , Webster S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate the synoptic and mesoscale dynamics of two wet and two dry cold surges in January 2021 using a combination of observations, reanalysis, and convective‐scale model forecasts from the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM). We focus on the wet surges, and particularly the wettest days which are locally extreme over Singapore and the surrounding region (i.e., the daily mean and area‐averaged rainfall over 20 years exceeds the 99th percentile). On the large scale, the wet surges are characterized by an anomalously strong anticyclone over Siberia prior to their onset. The anticyclone and resultant surge winds are stronger than those of the dry surges. There is also a relatively moist (dry) environment prior to the onset of the wet (dry) surges, with the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) being in Phase 3 (Phase 6). On the mesoscale, the combination of the cold surge and a local tropical low produce strong, moist north‐easterly winds and convection over the Singapore region. The equatorward advection of positive anomalies of equivalent potential temperature resembles a weak gravity‐current‐like structure at its head, although the spatial scale is much too large for a gravity current. There is a moist bias in the model forecasts, although the precipitation is underestimated regionally during the wet surges and particularly on the extreme rainfall days. Overall, the model forecasts perform well synoptically but not in the details of mesoscale convection.
Comparing the Upper Mesospheric Temperature Trend and the Response to Solar Activity Derived From the Daily Mean and Nocturnal Na Lidar Observations
Authors: Yuan Tao , Pena Melania , Hsu Chih‐Ting , Qian Liying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, various experimental and numerical model studies have indicated cooling trend in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), while the magnitude of the trend varies noticeably. Previous studies using the lidar observations derived the temperature trends and solar responses solely from the traditional nocturnal measurements. While these archived results are more or less in agreement with modeling studies, one of the main uncertainties in these studies is the potential biases induced by the trends of the diurnal tide forced in the lower atmosphere, and that of the in situ exothermal reactions involving the photolysis. In the MLT, the diurnal tide has significant seasonal variations, considerable amplitude and is one of the dominant dynamic sources. However, its potential effects in the trend studies have rarely been discussed. In this paper, we present and compare the long‐term temperature trends in the upper mesosphere utilizing the daily mean and nightly mean temperature profiles measured by a Sodium (Na) Doppler lidar at midlatitude. The system was operating routinely in full diurnal cycles between 2002 and 2017, obtaining a unique multi‐year temperature data set. A customized multi‐linear regression (MLR) model is applied to determine the linear trends and the other fitting parameters, such as ENSO and solar F10.7 responses in the upper mesosphere. This study indicates the daily mean cooling trend between 84 and 98 km is larger than that of nightly mean trend by ∼−1 K/decade, while differences in the solar response are within the fitting uncertainties.
Serum neurofilament light at diagnosis: a prognostic indicator for accelerated disease progression in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pedersen Camilla Christina , Ushakova Anastasia , Alves Guido , Tysnes Ole-Bjørn , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Maple-Grødem Jodi , Lange Johannes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeurofilament light chain (NFL) is elevated in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate serum NFL in newly diagnosed PD and its association with cognitive and motor decline over 10 years. Serum NFL levels were measured in PD patients and controls from the ParkWest study at diagnosis (baseline) and after 3 and 5 years. Mixed-effects regression analyzed changes in NFL and the association with annual changes in MMSE and UPDRS-III scores over 10 years. PD patients had elevated serum NFL at all visits and a faster annual increase over 5 years compared to controls (0.09 pg/mL per year; p = 0.029). Higher baseline NFL predicted faster cognitive decline β −0.77 transformed MMSE; p = 0.010), and a 40% NFL increase predicted future motor decline (β 0.28 UPDRS-III; p = 0.004). Elevated serum NFL in early PD is linked to faster cognitive and motor impairment, suggesting its prognostic value in PD biomarker panels.
QUANT: a long-term multi-city commercial air sensor dataset for performance evaluation
Authors: Diez Sebastian , Lacy Stuart , Urquiza Josefina , Edwards Pete 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe QUANT study represents the most extensive open-access evaluation of commercial air quality sensor systems to date. This comprehensive study assessed 49 systems from 14 manufacturers across three urban sites in the UK over a three-year period. The resulting open-access dataset captures high time-resolution measurements of a variety of gasses (NO, NO2, O3, CO, CO2), particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5, PM10), and key meteorological parameters (humidity, temperature, atmospheric pressure). The quality and scope of the dataset is enhanced by reference monitors’ data and calibrated products from sensor manufacturers across the three sites. This publicly accessible dataset serves as a robust and transparent resource that details the methods used for data collection and procedures to ensure dataset integrity. It provides a valuable tool for a wide range of stakeholders to analyze the performance of air quality sensors in real-world settings. Policymakers can leverage this data to refine sensor deployment guidelines and develop standardized protocols, while manufacturers can utilize it as a benchmark for technological innovation and product certification. Moreover, the dataset has supported the development of a UK code of practice, and the certification of one of the participating companies, underscoring the dataset’s utility and reliability.
A Rare Cause of Gastric Ulcer in a Treated Case of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma of Stomach—Cytomegalovirus-Associated Gastric Ulcer
Authors: Mahajan Akhil , Sundaram Sridhar , Mane Kiran , Puri Rahul , G.H Shravan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV), a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid virus, belongs to the Herpesviridae family. The seroprevalence of CMV varies from 40 to 100% depending on the population studied or detection method used. Infection by CMV is not a rare disease and is frequently observed in immunocompromised hosts with hematological or immunological diseases or under treatment with glucocorticoids or immunosuppressants. CMV infection can manifest as asymptomatic, constitutional symptoms or tissue-invasive diseases. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most commonly involved systems and associated with 30% of tissue-invasive diseases among immunocompetent patients. GI involvement in CMV infection most commonly involves the colon. Upper GI tract involvement, especially CMV gastritis, has rarely been recognized or reported.
Impact of Candidemia on Survival Rates in Major Burn Patients: A Retrospective Study from the South of Türkiye
Authors: Kılıç Çil Merve , Özlü Özer , Başaran Abdülkadir 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective In severely burned patients, fungal infections are among the most devastating complications. Candidemia is an important cause of mortality with an increasing incidence despite advances in burn care management. Higher affected body surface area, long intensive care unit (ICU) stay, flame burn, third-degree burn, and previous bacterial infections were associated with the development of candidemia. Candidemia in patients with major burns admitted to an ICU of a tertiary burns center is investigated.
Methods Patients hospitalized in the ICU of Adana City Training and Research Hospital from July 1, 2017, to November 10, 2020, were included. The demographic and clinical variables, the Candida species isolated from blood cultures and their antifungal susceptibilities, need for grafting, complications, and rate of mortality are evaluated retrospectively. Patients were grouped as “candidemia” or “noncandidemia” according to whether or not they experienced Candida bloodstream infection.
Results A total of 371 patients were included; the mean age was 22.02 ± 20.9 years. Most patients were male (69.5%). The percentage of burned surface area was 25.93 ± 17.6. The mean ICU stay was 16.95 ± 16.3 days. There were 90 candidemia episodes in 69 patients. The most commonly isolated Candida species were C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and C. albicans. The mortality rates in the candidemia and noncandidemia groups were 24.6 and 5.6%, respectively (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Adhering to isolation rules, early wound debridement and closure, avoidance of catheters where possible, and avoidance of the early use of broad-spectrum antibiotics are important measures in reducing candidemia in patients with major burns. Candidemia was associated with greater burn surface areas, duration of hospital stay, and larger numbers of interventional procedures. However, previous bacterial infection receiving prolonged antibiotic therapy was the greatest risk factor of candidemia. Culture results are important to select the antifungal agent with high susceptibility, but results are not rapidly available. There is need for early clinical prediction measures to inform early and effective antifungal treatment.
Effect of Palivizumab Prophylaxis on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations in Preterm Infants Born to 290/7 to 316/7 Weeks of Gestational Age
Authors: Zamur Elifcan , Uygur Ozgun , Karadag-Oncel Eda , Gunes Sezgin , Sahin Suzan , Kefeli Demirel Melike , Engur Defne , Oncel Mehmet Yekta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective In 2020, in-line with the recommendations of the Turkish Neonatal Society, a new palivizumab indication was added for preterm infants with 290/7 to 316/7 weeks of gestational age. This study aimed to determine the risk factors of hospitalizations due to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in preterm infants (290/7–316/7 weeks of gestational age) who were or were not within the scope of palivizumab indication during the first two RSV seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and the next two RSV seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022) to evaluate the validity of the new indication of palivizumab reimbursement scope.
Methods This study was a two-center retrospective and prospective cohort study and included all preterm infants (290/7–316/7 weeks) aged 90 days and younger during the RSV season (October–March). The primary outcome was to compare the hospitalization rates between patients who received palivizumab and those who did not. The secondary outcome was to identify the risk factors for patients hospitalized due to LRTIs.
Results Of the 122 preterm infants included in the study, 48.3% (n = 59) were in the prophylaxis group (Group 1) and 51.7% (n = 63) were in the non-prophylaxis group (Group 2). It was noteworthy that 53.8% (n = 14) of the 26 infants hospitalized due to LRTIs were in Group 1 and 46.2% (n = 12) were in Group 2 (p = 0.682). Of the RSV PCR-positive infants, 62.5%(n = 5) were in Group 1 and 37.5% (n = 3) were in Group 2 (p = 0.30). The median length of hospitalization was similar in the groups (p = 0.123).
Conclusion The indication for palivizumab prophylaxis can be determined more clearly for our country in light of national multicenter studies with an increased sample size.
Efficiency boosting of 236 nm AlGaN-based micro-LEDs
Authors: Li Hongbo , Lu Shunpeng , Zhu Licai , Sun Wenchao , Bai Jiangxiao , Hao Jialong , Zhang Shanli , Jiang Ke , Shi Zhiming , Jia Yuping , Chen Yang , Ben Jianwei , Liu Mingrui , Zang Hang , Wu Tong , Li Dabing , Sun Xiaojuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, 236 nm AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) micro-LEDs with different sized P-contact areas are designed and fabricated, and the sidewalls are restored by a wet chemical treatment method with KOH solution. The results reveal that proper KOH treatment can effectively remove plasma damaged materials and clearly show the formation of m-plane facets. Compared with untreated micro-LEDs, the reverse leakage current of the treated micro-LEDs under −10 V decreases by up to 91.7% and the specific contact resistivity (SCR) reduces from 6.94 Ω cm2 to 0.07 Ω cm2. The underlying mechanism is that the KOH treatment removes the sidewall defects which lead to surface nonradiative recombination sites and surface leakage. Moreover, KOH treatment also removes contamination on the P+-GaN surface and leads to lower SCR. However, a much longer treatment also destructs the 20 nm P+-GaN layer, which results in higher voltage but less DUV light absorption. As a result, the peak light output power density increases from 2.12 W cm−2 to 4.01 W cm−2, representing an 89.2% increase. Efficient enhancement of micro-LEDs is anticipated to facilitate the development of DUV micro-LEDs for maskless lithography and high-capacity DUV non-line-of-sight communication.
Analyzing the physical properties of Half-Heusler RNiSb (R = Sc, Y) for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications based on first-principles theories
Authors: Tarekuzzaman Md , Babu Md Sayedul Islam , Rayhan M A , Ahmad Sohail , Rasheduzzaman Md , Choudhury M S H , Moazzam Hossen M , Nasrin Shamima , Hasan Md Zahid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the RNiSb (R = Sc, Y) half-Heusler material for various properties including structural, electronic, mechanical, elastic anisotropic, optical, and thermal properties using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with the Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package (CASTEP) code. Our analysis of the lattice parameters closely aligns with previous theoretical and experimental findings. The positive phonon dispersion curve confirms the dynamical stability of RNiSb (R = Sc, Y). The elastic constants meet the Born criteria, indicating the mechanical stability and brittleness of the RNiSb (R = Sc, Y) solids. While ScNiSb displays elastic isotropy, YNiSb exhibits elastic anisotropy. Electronic band structure and Density of states (DOS) calculations reveal that ScNiSb and YNiSb have indirect band gaps of 0.44 eV and 0.589 eV, respectively. We also determined key optical properties such as absorption coefficient, dielectric function, conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and loss function. The optical properties calculations revealed strong photoconductivity, and high reflectivity, all of which show given the materials use in the microelectronics, and optoelectronics application. Furthermore, the Debye temperature and minimum thermal conductivity of ScNiSb decrease with the replacement of Sc by Y, highlighting its potential as a material for thermal barrier coating (TBC). Finally, we computed the Helmholtz free energy (F), internal energy (E), entropy (S), and specific heat capacity (C

v
) based on the phonon density of states.
A high order multi step method for solving system of fractional differential equations
Authors: Azin Hadis , Iloon Kashkooly Ali 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this research paper is to present an advanced method utilizing quadratic interpolation to address the challenges encountered in solving a system of fractional initial value problems. By employing this high-order technique, we aim to improve the accuracy and efficiency of numerical computations associated with fractional differential equations. In our proposed methodology, we strive to enhance the conventional block-by-block approach by mitigating the interdependence of unknown solutions at each block iteration, except for the initial two steps. This modification aims to maintain the favorable stability characteristic inherent in block-by-block schemes, while effectively reducing coupling effects. We meticulously examine the convergence properties of the proposed method and conduct a rigorous analysis of the associated errors that prove that the numerical solution convergence to the true solution with an order of 3 + β when the parameter 0 < β ≤ 1. To substantiate the theoretical claims put forth in our research, we present a series of numerical examples. These examples serve as empirical evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness and practical applicability of the proposed method. The presented method superiority over alternative approaches is highlighted through a comprehensive comparison of the numerical results.
AC conductivity and dielectric properties of MnO2 nanostructures prepared at different temperatures
Authors: Alzahrani Hassan A H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An aqueous KMnO4 solution and ethylene glycol were used through the simple in situ redox interaction that was carried out under ambient conditions to create manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanostructures. The as-prepared MnO2 nanostructures are amorphous. After heating at different calcination temperatures, the amorphous MnO2 nanostructures converted into crystalline MnO2 nanostructures. Scanning electron microscopy and powder x-ray diffraction were used to characterize the synthesized MnO2 nanostructures. Also, their AC impedance spectroscopic properties were investigated. PXRD analysis measurement reveals that the crystallinity of the sample increased upon heating MnO2 nanostructures from 200 to 500 °C. In addition, notable changes in morphologies have been observed. The AC electrical conductivity and dielectric properties are measured for all MnO2 nanostructures in the 10 Hz to 100 MHz frequency range at environs conditions. The behavior indicates the increase in conductivity of α-MnO2 sample prepared at high temperature with increased frequency dependence.
Micro-displacement measurement of optical interference with two-ring conjugated vortices
Authors: Yu Xiao , Li Hongru , Zhang Zetian , Zhang Ru , Wang Sha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a two-ring conjugated vortex beam interferometer. The inner ring and outer ring of the vortex beams has different signs and topological charges. When combined, they produce an intricate pattern of interference fringes that resemble a flower petal, featuring both concentric inner and outer rings which rotates with different directions. We use the scale-invariant feature transformation algorithm to find the feature points. Then we use these points to measure the rotation angle of the outer ring relative to the inner ring and calculate the displacement based on it. We realize the measurement of sub-nanometer displacement. The displacement resolution is 0.38° nm−1. It is improved by about 12.55% compared with only the inner ring. The displacement corresponding to the minimum detectable angle of CCD is reduced from 0.080 nm to 0.060 nm. It will be a promising method in precision machining micro-vibration sensing, surface unevenness sensing, and microbial movement sensing and high-precision measurement of micro-displacement.
Significant tunability and absorptivity of plasmonic NiO-Ni nanoshells dispersed in silica in visible and infrared optical spectra
Authors: Pustovalov V K , Astafyeva L G , Fritzsche W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A theoretical study of the optical properties of new NiO-Ni nanoshells (NSs) with different radii and shell thicknesses dispersed in silica was carried out in a wide range of ultraviolet, visible and infrared optical spectra from 200 nm to 5000 nm. The established remarkable tunability of absorption (extinction) spectrum and the high absorption properties of NiO-Ni NSs in the presented spectral ranges are very interesting for use in various photothermal and laser high-temperature technologies, including applications in light-to-heat conversion, solar thermal energy, laser nanomedicine and others.
Research on the measurement method of flight load of flap drive mechanism
Authors: Meng Min 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The crank is a key component for measuring the flight load of the flap drive mechanism. The geometric shape of the flap crank of a certain aircraft is irregular, with characteristics such as axial bending and asymmetric cross-section, making load measurement difficult. This article proposes a crank load measurement method based on the force transmission analysis of the flap control mechanism and the force analysis of the flap drive crank, which is verified through virtual load calibration experiments. The results indicate that this method is correct and effective.
Adaptive differentiator via continuous terminal sliding mode controller for UAV piloting
Authors: Mohammed Zaouche 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Piloting UAVs in challenging real flight conditions, particularly in the presence of external disturbances, poses a significant hurdle. These disturbances, if not adequately addressed in the controller design phase, can severely impact performance or even lead to instability. Consequently, the control of UAVs in adverse weather conditions has become a prominent area of research. Notably, various approaches, including the utilization of the High Order Sliding Mode technique (HOSM) for autopilot design, have been proposed.
Despite its robustness and simplicity in application, High Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC) has been met with skepticism due to the chattering phenomenon induced by its discontinuous control effects. The inherent challenges associated with HOSMC encompass not only chattering but also singularities. To tackle these issues, a proposed solution involves integrating adaptive differentiators with the continuous terminal sliding mode controller technique for UAV piloting. This approach aims to strike a balance between error reduction and robustness to noise, offering enhanced accuracy within a specific frequency range, irrespective of algorithmic gain tuning.
Moreover, this article introduces an innovative approach employing real-time virtual reality environments for UAV piloting, leveraging the readily available Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) Game, Microsoft Flight Simulator (MSFS). This method serves dual purposes: enhancing UAV piloting techniques and serving as a pedagogical tool to reinforce learners’ understanding in the aeronautical domain. By simulating real-world flight scenarios in a controlled virtual environment, this approach not only enhances the practical skills of UAV operators but also provides a safe and cost-effective means of training and experimentation.
Numerical simulation of the effect of geometric parameters on broadband noise of aeroengine fan/compressor
Authors: Yang Ye , Wang Liangfeng , Wu Junqiang , Yang Dangguo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
For modern advanced turbofan engines, the increasing broadband noise of the fan/compressor has become an urgent problem. Based on the 3D fan sound source model, the numerical simulation of the effect of geometric parameters on broadband noise prediction is studied. As a result, (1) the three parameters change the sound power level by affecting the kernel function or the upwash velocity spectrum, and the influence laws are different. (2) If the kernel function is affected, the shape and size of the sound power level spectrum will change; if the upwash velocity spectrum is affected, only the sound power level is changed and the spectrum shape is basically unchanged. (3) The number of rotors only affects the upwash velocity spectrum; the number of stators and the chord length of stators only affect the kernel function.