bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Civil War ofad340
Authors: Lewis William 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEarly in 340, less than three years after the death of Constantine, his eponymous son was killed in an ambush in northern Italy, near Aquileia. The forces that killed him belonged to his younger brother, Constans. Over the years that followed, two very different traditions emerged to explain what happened. In one, Constantine II is a reckless and hostile invader who was slain in self-defence. In the other, which is poorly attested and incomplete, it is the court of Constans that emerges as the belligerent party. This chapter will examine these differing perceptions of the civil war of 340 and show what they reveal about the historical events behind them. Finally, it will trace the consequences of the civil war into the 340s, and argue that Constantius was much more actively hostile to the outcome than has previously been assumed.
Modernism and Formalism
Authors: Costello Diarmuid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With Chapter 1’s reconstruction of the internal structure of Greenbergian theory in place, Chapter 2 provides a critique of each wing of his theory in turn. With respect to Greenberg’s formalism, the author takes issue with his understanding of the ‘objectivity’ of aesthetic judgement and his notion of aesthetic ‘distance’, and brings out the incompatibility of both with Kant’s aesthetics, turning on Kant’s conception of ‘subjective universality’ and ‘disinterest’, respectively. With respect to Greenberg’s modernism, the author questions his conviction that the arts can be parsed on non-question-begging grounds, either in terms of medium or the sensory modality through which they are intuited. For this is to assume that the arts are separate in principle simply because they have to date been (largely) separate in practice, an assumption that is put in doubt by the conflicted place of modernist sculpture within Greenberg’s own division of the arts. Despite his medium-specificity, Greenberg’s account of modernist history required him to provide a broadly pictorial defence of modernist sculpture’s value as art.
The Afterlife of Formalist Criticism II
Authors: Costello Diarmuid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Arthur Danto takes ‘the Kant-Greenberg aesthetics of form’ to be manifestly inadequate not only to the readymades, but to much contemporary art since Duchamp’s gesture was taken up by Warhol’s generation. Aesthetic theory claims one can tell art from non-art on the basis how each looks and makes viewers feel, when art with real world ‘indiscernible counterparts’ demonstrates that we have no reason to respond differently unless we already know that one is art. In sum: aesthetic theories beg the question they ought to answer. The author questions whether this is the question that aesthetic theories ought to answer but, setting that to one side, Danto’s own theory can be shown to need an aesthetic component on pain of being unable to distinguish works of art from ‘mere representations’. Entities that (like art) represent the world as being some way, but (unlike art) without projecting any attitude designed to dispose viewers to view that fact in any particular way. Rhetorical inflectors discharge this function in Danto’s ontology, showing his theory to be aesthetic despite himself.
Forgiveness
Authors: Benatar David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is chiefly concerned with the ethics of forgiveness. However, this is preceded by an account of what forgiveness is and what it is not. It is argued that forgiveness involves overcoming negative reactive attitudes in particular ways. Differences between threshold and spectrum views are considered. It is then argued that we should not forgive in the absence of the wrongdoer’s repentance. It does not follow that repentance makes forgiveness morally required. However, there are some circumstances in which it is wrong not to forgive. Even then, that is not because the wrongdoer is entitled to be forgiven. The chapter also considers whether one may ever take back forgiveness, and when one should (not) say ‘I forgive you’. Finally, the chapter considers whether one person may forgive on behalf of another person. Who has standing to forgive?
Conclusion
Authors: Benatar David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses some recurring themes in the book, and also provides some concluding thoughts. Among the recurring themes are causal inefficacy (otherwise known as ‘inconsequentialism’), questions about the demandingness of duty, the paradox of desert, and the extent to which offence should have weight in moral deliberations. Comparisons and contrasts are drawn between how these themes manifest in the different topics. The chapter then notes that some of the views, and as well as the set of views defended in the book, are unusual. Common views about morality, it is suggested, are unreliable. In a final section on human fallibility, there is a discussion about the ethics of judging others, and about (current and future) retrospective moral judgements.
Second phase: The activation stage
Authors: Valentim Vicente 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How can established political norms, such as stigma against radical-right politicians, change? The chapter argues that, for this to happen, it takes an exogenous trigger and a political entrepreneur. The trigger makes norms temporarily looser. The entrepreneur can read into this cue and realize that there is more private radical-right support than is typically observable. This gives them an incentive to run for election with the stigmatized ideology, activating silent radical-right preferences in their society. Following outgroup threat triggers, such as Islamist attacks, individuals disregard norms more. At the politician level, more intense attacks make new politicians run for election on radical-right platforms. These entrepreneurs are more skilled, and do better electorally. Discussing four country cases, the chapter highlights how these entrepreneurs explicitly breach established norms. Finally, it discusses a case where, because one necessary condition (the entrepreneur) was not present, no process of normalization was put into motion.
Third phase: The surfacing equilibrium
Authors: Valentim Vicente 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Can the success of radical-right politicians erode political norms? This chapter argues that, when the radical right makes an electoral breakthrough, societies can be tipped into a surfacing equilibrium, where voters with previously covert radical-right preferences become more comfortable openly expressing them. Politicians, in turn, become less likely to underestimate the electoral viability of radical-right parties, and are more willing to join one. The chapter shows that after radical-right parties break through, individuals who already supported them in private feel more comfortable publicly showing that support. Then, as radical-right parties grow electorally, more politicians are willing to join those parties as compared to parties that are not radical right. The translation of preferences into behavior is thus not automatic, but rather is mediated by perceptions of social acceptability. Norms affect the interplay of political demand and supply.
Conclusion
Authors: Valentim Vicente 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Unlike in adjacent disciplines, social norms still play a rather secondary role in most of the political behavior literature. It is argued here, however, that holistic models of political behavior need to take them into account. Norms can block the translation of preferences into behavior, bringing about gaps between the moment when individuals develop a given preference and the moment when they express them. The Conclusion discusses the need for a research agenda that takes norms as central drivers of political behavior. It lists several important questions that such a research agenda might draw upon. Finally, it discusses how a focus on social norms would allow political culture to return as a central topic in political science.
Adaptation studies has a kids problem
Authors: Hunter Madeleine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
While children’s books have proved fertile ground for the theorization of adaptation as process and product, adaptation studies has proved remarkably reluctant to explore the relationship between adaptation studies and childhood itself. This paper takes this hesitancy as its central focus, combining recent metacritical studies of adaptation and its theorization (Elliott 2018; 2020) with theory from the fields of children’s literature and childhood studies in order to demonstrate how adaptation studies has operated under what I will describe as the ‘anxiety of infantilization’. This paper will explore how this anxiety of infantilization manifests by engaging the work of three prominent scholars in the field—Deborah Cartmell, Thomas Leitch, and Kyle Meikle—and analysing the discourses of childhood that underpin their discussions of the relationship between adaptation and childhood. It will be my contention that existing discussions of the child and adaptation studies remain enmeshed in what Marah Gubar labels as ‘difference’ and ‘deficit’ models of childhood (2013; 2016), and that if we are ever to get out from under our anxiety of infantilization, we must find a way to Gubar’s third model: ‘kinship’ (ibid.).
Moving to mate? Migration strategy does not predict genetic structure or diversity in bats (Chiroptera)
Authors: Korpach Alicia M , de Greef Evelien , Newediuk Levi , Schmidt Chloé , Garroway Colin J , Thorstensen Matt J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
How, when, and where animals move during mating periods directs gene-flow patterns across landscapes. Traits associated with movement, such as movement ability and migratory behaviour, are sometimes correlated with population genetic structure, but this relationship depends on where and when mating occurs relative to annual movements. With their wide diversity in behaviours and life-history strategies, bats provide a testing ground for hypotheses about population structure related to migration and mating. We used a global sample of microsatellite data (N = 233 sampling locations from 17 bat species) associated with published studies to examine links between genetic variation and short-distance, long-distance, or non-migratory strategies that also relate to varied mating strategies. The genetic measures we tested were population-specific differentiation, gene diversity, and allelic richness. Using Bayesian models that accounted for phylogenetic distances among species and spatial autocorrelation, we identified no correlations between migration strategy and genetic variation. Our results suggest that hypotheses about genetic structure being mediated by migration might not hold, in general, for bat species. We discuss the need for continued research into the complex association of ecological, biogeographical, and behavioural factors that facilitate gene flow among populations, especially in species with diverse movement patterns.
How verbal text guides the interpretation of advertisement images: a predictive typology of verbal anchoring
Authors: Bünzli Fabienne , Eppler Martin J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of the key functions of verbal text in modern advertising is to anchor (i.e., constrain) the meaning of the accompanying image, thereby leading the audience toward a preferred interpretation. However, despite the importance of verbal anchoring, there is limited understanding of the various forms it can take and the related effects on audience responses. To address this gap, we propose a new typology that distinguishes verbal anchoring based on the underlying sense-giving strategy and degree of completeness. We then delineate a set of empirically testable predictions on how these verbal anchoring types may influence information processing and subsequent persuasion. The article concludes by discussing the contributions of the typology to communication research and by suggesting new avenues for future studies.
Hybrid treat-and-repair strategy for large patent ductus arteriosus: a proof-of-concept case report
Authors: Tsuboya Naoki , Mitani Yoshihide , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Sawada Hirofumi , Hirayama Masahiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In cases of atrial septal defect with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a treat-and-repair strategy that adopts pulmonary vasodilator therapy and subsequent defect closure is postulated to be effective. However, this strategy has not been applied to the large patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with PAH.

Case summary
A 10-year-old girl with trisomy 21 was referred to our hospital for the treatment of a large PDA with PAH. Cardiac catheterization and angiography revealed a type C tubular PDA with a minimal diameter of 8.1 mm, an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 60 mmHg, a ratio of pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) of 2.7, and pulmonary artery resistance (Rp) of 7.1 U/m2. Because she was categorized in the grey zone for operability, we adopted a hybrid treat-and-repair strategy in which palliative surgical duct banding was performed before pulmonary vasodilator therapy to prevent excessive pulmonary blood flow and was followed by transcatheter closure of the PDA. Postoperatively, we confirmed the flow-restricted duct with a minimal diameter of 3.3 mm, decreased Qp/Qs 1.38, high mPAP 40 mmHg, and Rp 7.3 U/m2. Six months after treatment with macitentan and tadalafil, we confirmed a decrease in Rp 4.1 U/m2 as well as low Qp/Qs 1.12, which was low enough for the duct occlusion. The transcatheter occlusion of the surgically created type A conical duct was easily and safely performed. In the mid-term follow-up, favourable haemodynamics and improved exercise were confirmed.

Discussion
This is the first proof-of-concept case report to show the successful hybrid treat-and-repair strategy for large PDA, which warrants further investigation.
Hybrid palliation to promote growth of left ventricle and left ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Eising Jacobien B , Bökenkamp Regina , Schneider Adriaan W , Kuipers Irene M , Hazekamp Mark G 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In patients with borderline left hearts or a severe left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, hybrid palliation can be used to stabilize the patient and postpone biventricular repair (BVR). In this study, we analysed growth of left-sided structures and outcomes of these patients.

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who received hybrid palliation between January 2010 and September 2023. Echo measurements were collected at hybrid palliation, BVR and last follow-up. Growth of left ventricular structures were analysed.

RESULTS
In 38 patients, hybrid palliation was used to promote growth of left ventricular structures. In total, 15 patients received a Ross–Konno/Yasui procedure, while 23 patients received conventional BVR. In patients with a conventional BVR, a significant increase was found in left ventricular volume indexed by body surface area, Z-score of aortic valve and left ventricular outflow tract between hybrid palliation and BVR. Mitral valve Z-score did not increase significantly. After BVR until follow-up, only increase of the aortic valve Z-scores and left ventricular volume indexed by body surface area was found significant. Of all included patients (n = 38), additional surgical procedures were necessary in 8 patients during the interstage period and 15 patients after BVR. Additional catheter interventions were needed in 14 patients in the interstage period and 15 after BVR. Six patients died, with no mortality in the conventional BVR group.

CONCLUSIONS
Hybrid palliation as part of a staged BVR is a safe and effective initial step and promotes the growth of left ventricular structures in patients with small left-sided heart structures. Close follow-up is mandatory because extra catheter or surgical interventions are frequently needed.
Trends in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and lipid management: a population-level observational cohort study in Wales
Authors: Harris Daniel E , King Daniel , Akbari Ashley , Gravenor Mike , Lawrence Mathew , Weston Clive , Hopkins Chris , Phillips Leighton , Halcox Julian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
European clinical guidelines recommend that patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), including ischaemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), are prescribed lipid lowering treatment (LLT) and treated to target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. This study aimed to document trends in ASCVD, including treatment, monitoring, and achievement of target LDL-C.

Methods and results
A retrospective observational population study was performed using linked healthcare data (2010–22). Over the study period, the number of patients with ASCVD increased from 181 153 to 207 747 (8882 to 9398 per 100 000). The proportion of patients prescribed LLT decreased from 75.3% in 2010 to 67.1% in 2022; high-intensity statin therapy increased from 9.4 to 25.2%, while non-high-intensity statin therapy decreased from 59.6 to 38.2%. The prescription of high-intensity statin therapy was consistently higher amongst patients with IHD (10.9% in 2010 increasing to 28.0% in 2022) than in patients with stroke (4.7–21.6%) or PAD (3.9–10.6%).
The proportion of cases with documented LDL-C decreased from 58.0% in 2010 to 49.3% in 2022. Of those with documented LDL-C in 2022, 44.0% achieved LDL-C &lt; 1.8 mmol/L, including 45.2% of those with IHD, 42.0% of those with stroke, and only 32.8% of those with PAD.

Conclusion
Prescription of LLT, including high-intensity statin therapy, documentation of LDL-C, and achievement of target LDL-C levels was relatively low, especially in PAD patients. Although target achievement in ‘tested patients’ increased over time, the proportion of patients undergoing lipid testing declined. More rigorous lipid management requires prioritisation, especially for PAD and stroke patients.
Cardiac rehabilitation and frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: MacEachern Evan , Quach Jack , Giacomantonio Nicholas , Theou Olga , Hillier Troy , Abel-Adegbite Ifedayo , Gonzalez-Lara Mariana , Kehler Dustin Scott 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Frailty among cardiac rehabilitation (CR) participants is associated with worse health outcomes. However, no literature synthesis has quantified the relationship between frailty and CR outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine frailty prevalence at CR admission, frailty changes during CR, and whether frailty is associated with adverse outcomes following CR.

Methods and results
We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE for studies published from 2000 to 2023. Eligible studies included a validated frailty measure, published in English. Two reviewers independently screened articles and abstracted data. Outcome measures included admission frailty prevalence, frailty and physical function changes, and post-CR hospitalization and mortality. Observational and randomized trials were meta-analysed separately using inverse variance random-effects models. In total, 34 peer reviewed articles (26 observational, 8 randomized trials; 19 360 participants) were included. Admission frailty prevalence was 46% [95% CI 29–62%] and 40% [95% CI 28–52%] as measured by Frailty Index and Kihon Checklist (14 studies) and Frailty Phenotype (11 studies), respectively. Frailty improved following CR participation (standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.68, 95% CI 0.37–0.99; P &lt; 0.0001; six studies). Meta-analysis of observational studies revealed higher admission frailty and increased participants’ risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 9.24, 95% CI 2.93–29.16; P = 0.0001; four studies). Frailer participants at admission had worse physical health outcomes, but improved over the course of CR.

Conclusion
High variability in frailty tools and CR designs was observed, and randomized controlled trial contributions were limited. The prevalence of frailty is high in CR and is associated with greater mortality risk; however, CR improves frailty and physical health outcomes.

Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42022311765.
Fruit ripening and postharvest changes in very early–harvested tomatoes
Authors: Chen Yao , Tang Xuemei , Fei Zhangjun , Giovannoni James J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
It is well known that if a fruit is harvested extremely early its development and function are interrupted, and it may never attain full maturity and optimal quality. Reports revealing insights regarding the alterations of maturation, ripening and postharvest quality in very early picked fruits are rare. We examined the effects of early harvesting on tomatoes by characterizing different accessions at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. We found that even very early–harvested fruits could achieve postharvest maturation and ripening though with some defects in pigment and cuticle formation, and seeds from very early–harvested fruits could still germinate and develop as normal and healthy plants. One critical regulator of tomato cuticle integrity, SlCER1–2, was shown to contribute to cuticle defects in very early–harvested fruits. Very early fruit harvest still allowing ripening and seed development indicate that the genetic and physiological programs of later maturation and ripening are set into motion early in fruit development and are not dependent on complete fruit expansion nor attachment to the plant.
User Engagement in an Online Digital Health Intervention to Promote Problem Solving
Authors: O’Brien Heather L , Chen Annie T , Kaneshiro Jasmine , Zaslavsky Oleg 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Digital health interventions (DHIs) can facilitate positive health outcomes. User engagement (UE) plays an important role in DHI efficacy. Yet, DHIs vary in functionality, design and intended outcomes, underscoring the importance of incremental, user-centred design to understand engagement in specific settings. This study explores the relationship between user engagement and DHI implementation in three design iterations, or rounds, of a unique, multi-week asynchronous intervention that leverages online discussion and problem-solving therapy (PST). The intervention seeks to engage older adults to improve problem solving skills relating to the intervention focus, health aging (two rounds) and Lewy Body Dementias (LBD) caregiving (one round). The PST component drew upon personas, a common user-centered design method, in a novel way. Exit interviews were conducted at the end of each round to understand participants' experiences. Using thematic analysis, we identified factors that contributed to social engagement (‘engaging with others’) and learning engagement (‘engaging with content’) with the DHI. The findings demonstrate how iterative changes in the design and delivery of a DHI can contribute to user engagement, increasing the likelihood of knowledge acquisition and developing problem-solving skills as part of health self-management.
Learning in Pyjamas: What Their Use of Webcams Reveals about Students’ Self-Presentation in Online Learning Activities
Authors: Succi Chiara , Nobile Tekila Harley , Cantoni Lorenzo , Tardini Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to describe how higher education students manage their webcams in a synchronous digital learning setting. A survey investigated students' self-presentation and the main factors impacting their decision to turn the camera on or not. The results indicate that only 6% of students always keep their camera on, affected by an inappropriate setting, only 19% have a dedicated space, and by personal appearance, 75% wear pyjamas or a gym suit. Students do not manage their impression either because they are not aware of the implications, or they are not technically equipped, or because they do not consider it relevant in online learning activities. Findings' implications provide relevant recommendations for higher education institutions to better prepare students to study effectively in a digital learning environment.