bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bladder Catheterization On Bacterial Interference With Asymptomatic Escherichia coli Strain 83972 in an Experimental Porcine Model of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Stærk Kristian , Andersen Karin , Hjelmager Janni Søvsø , Jensen Louise Kruse , Jørgensen Benjamin Meyer , Møller-Jensen Jakob , Lund Lars , Andersen Thomas Emil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease with a significant risk of relapse. Deliberate bladder colonization with asymptomatic Escherichia coli is being explored as a potential strategy to fend off invading uropathogens, thereby mitigating the risk of symptomatic UTI. Currently, one major obstacle is the low success rates for achieving persistent bladder colonization with asymptomatic bacteria and experimental challenge studies are lacking. Here, we assessed the influence of an indwelling bladder catheter on the ability of asymptomatic E. coli to colonize the bladder and to assess the protective efficacy of such colonization against experimental UTI with uropathogenic E. coli.

Methods
Pigs with or without indwelling bladder catheters were experimentally inoculated with the asymptomatic E. coli strain 83972 and subsequently challenged by inoculation with a uropathogenic E. coli isolate, UTI89. The animals were monitored with regular urine and blood samples and bladders and kidneys were harvested at termination.

Results
All pigs with indwelling catheters were colonized by E. coli 83972 in response to inoculation, compared to pigs without catheters in which only 1 of 8 animals were colonized. When removing the catheter, E. coli 83972 were spontaneously cleared. Colonization with E. coli 83972 prevented experimental infection in 50% of animals, whereas all control animals became infected.

Conclusions
The presence of indwelling bladder catheters strongly facilitates the colonization of E. coli 83972, indicating that individuals with catheters may be particularly suited for receiving this treatment. The research supports prophylactic colonization with E. coli 83972 as a potential strategy to reduce the risk of UTIs.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Delivery of Congenital Syphilis Care in the Military Health System
Authors: Teng Jennifer , Prabhakar Sarah , Rajnik Michael , Susi Apryl , Hisle-Gorman Elizabeth , Nylund Cade M , Brown Jill 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Congenital syphilis (CS) case rates have increased significantly in the United States over the past 20 years, accelerating during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increasing rates may relate to access to care but have not been evaluated in a fully-insured population, such as the Military Health System.

Materials and Methods
We performed a repeated monthly cross-sectional study of CS cases and total encounters (care rates) using the queried Military Health System database. We defined CS by International Classifications of Diseases 10th Revision Clinical Modification diagnosis codes in beneficiaries  ≤ 2 years old. We evaluated pre-COVID-19 (March 2018 to February 2020), pandemic year 1 (March 2020 to February 2021), and pandemic year 2 (March 2021 to February 2022) periods. We performed change-point and trend analyses and Poisson regression to evaluate differences by sponsor rank, TRICARE region, and pandemic period. The Uniformed Services University Institutional Review Board approved the study.

Results
A total of 69 unique CS cases were identified with a median monthly care rate of 0.90/100,000 eligible beneficiaries. The CS care rate showed a 5.8% average monthly percent increase throughout the study period (P &lt; .001) and a 20.8% average monthly percent increase in year 2 (P &lt; .05). Compared to the pre-pandemic era, CS care rates increased in pandemic years 1 and 2 (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] 2.76 [95% CI: 1.95-3.92], 5.52 [95% CI: 4.05-7.53], respectively). Congenital syphilis care rates were lower in children of senior enlisted sponsors versus junior enlisted, aRR 0.24 (95% CI: 0.17-0.33), and higher in the West and North regions versus South, aRR 2.45 (95% CI: 1.71-3.53) and aRR 2.88 (95% CI: 2.01-4.12), respectively.

Conclusions
Congenital syphilis care rates were substantially lower in this insured group than national rates but increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher care rates were seen in children of military members of lower rank. Regional trends differed from national data. These findings suggest that, even in a fully-insured population, income and regional differences impact CS, and the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated differences in care delivery.
MK-like spectral classification for hot subdwarf stars with LAMOST spectra
Authors: Zou Xuan , Lei Zhenxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An MK-like spectral classification has been conducted for 1224 hot subdwarf stars with LAMOST DR9 low-resolution spectra. The whole sample was divided into four categories according to the spectral line characteristics: He-normal, He-weak, He-strong C, and He-strong. Each selected spectrum was assigned a spectral class, a luminosity class, and a helium class by comparing the line depth and width with standard spectra selected in LAMOST. Relationships between atmospheric parameters and spectral classification are also presented.
Deciphering the impairment of perimenopausal insomnia on visual search from a neurocognitive processing perspective
Authors: Yu Liyong , Luo Yucai , Lin Wenting , Dou Zeyang , Hu Daijie , Wei Wei , He Yuqi , Zhu Keli , Hong Xiaojuan , Zhang Qi , Yu Siyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Perimenopausal insomnia (PMI) is associated with observable performance impairments in visual search tasks. This study examines how various cognitive processing stages contribute to search performance delays in PMI compared to healthy controls (HCs).

Methods
We recruited 76 participants diagnosed with PMI and 63 HCs. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded as participants engaged in a visual search task, reporting the orientation of a color popout target within an array of ellipses. We analyzed group differences in behavioral performance and ERP components across cognitive processing stages.

Results
Compared to HCs, PMI patients exhibited behavioral response delays, although accuracy was not different between groups. Electrophysiological analyses revealed group differences across several ERP components. Firstly, the N1 component’s amplitude increased bilaterally, suggesting enhanced visual sensory processing. Secondly, a slower and smaller N2pc indicated reduced attentional orienting. Thirdly, a decreased sustained posterior-contralateral negativity amplitude pointed to deficits in target discrimination. Fourthly, an increased amplitude of the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potential (LRP), with unchanged latency, suggested heightened neural inputs for maintaining motor initiation speed. Fifthly, prolonged response-locked LRP latency indicated slower motor execution. Finally, these changes in ERP components, along with significant correlations between LRP components and insomnia symptoms, suggest potential neural biomarkers for PMI.

Conclusions
Our findings provide high-temporal-resolution insights into the neurocognitive disruptions associated with PMI, highlighting how sleep disturbances affect cognitive processing in visual tasks. These insights enhance our understanding of PMI and contribute to discussions on neural mechanisms driving behavioral performance in various conditions.
Assessment of in vivo chemical mutagenesis by long-read sequencing
Authors: Miranda Jaime A , Revollo Javier R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Evaluating the mutagenic properties of chemicals is crucial for understanding their potential cancer risks. Recent Illumina-based error-corrected sequencing techniques have enabled the direct detection of mutations induced de novo by mutagens. However, as the Illumina platform lacks intrinsic error-correction capabilities, complex library preparations and bioinformatic processes are necessary to identify these rare mutations. In this study, we evaluated whether long-read PacBio-based HiFi sequencing (HiFi seq), which has integrated error-correction, can detect de novo mutations induced by mutagens in C57BL/6 mouse tissues. Using HiFi seq, dose-dependent increases in mutation frequencies were found in tissues from mice exposed to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, procarbazine, and N-propyl-N-nitrosourea. Furthermore, the mutational signatures derived from these exposures were consistent with those previously reported for these mutagens. This study demonstrates that HiFi seq can complement established mutation detection assays to facilitate the identification of hazardous compounds.
Osteocalcin binds to a GPRC6A Venus fly trap allosteric site to positively modulate GPRC6A signaling
Authors: Agarwal Rupesh , Ye Ruisong , Smith Micholas Dean , Smith Jeremy C. , Quarles L. Darryl , Pi Min 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGPRC6A, a member of the Family C G‐protein coupled receptors, regulates energy metabolism and sex hormone production and is activated by diverse ligands, including cations, L‐amino acids, the osteocalcin (Ocn) peptide and the steroid hormone testosterone. We sought a structural framework for the ability of multiple distinct classes of ligands to active GPRC6A. We created a structural model of GPRC6A using Alphafold2. Using this model we explored a putative orthosteric ligand binding site in the bilobed Venus fly trap (VFT) domain of GPRC6A and two positive allosteric modulator (PAM) sites, one in the VFT and the other in the 7 transmembrane (7TM) domain. We provide evidence that Ocn peptides act as a PAM for GPRC6A by binding to a site in the VFT that is distinct from the orthosteric site for calcium and L‐amino acids. In agreement with this prediction, alternatively spliced GPRC6A isoforms 2 and 3, which lack regions of the VFT, and mutations in the computationally predicted Ocn binding site, K352E and H355P, prevent Ocn activation of GPRC6A. These observations explain how dissimilar ligands activate GPRC6A and set the stage to develop novel molecules to activate and inhibit this previously poorly understood receptor.
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) regulates the epigenetic landscape of mouse pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Haberman Nejc , Cheung Rebecca , Pizza Grazia , Cvetesic Nevena , Nagy Dorka , Maude Hannah , Blazquez Lorea , Lenhard Boris , Cebola Inês , Rutter Guy A. , Martinez‐Sanchez Aida 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLiver kinase B1 (LKB1/STK11) is an important regulator of pancreatic β‐cell identity and function. Elimination of Lkb1 from the β‐cell results in improved glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and is accompanied by profound changes in gene expression, including the upregulation of several neuronal genes. The mechanisms through which LKB1 controls gene expression are, at present, poorly understood. Here, we explore the impact of β cell‐selective deletion of Lkb1 on chromatin accessibility in mouse pancreatic islets. To characterize the role of LKB1 in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level, we combine these data with a map of islet active transcription start sites and histone marks. We demonstrate that LKB1 elimination from β‐cells results in widespread changes in chromatin accessibility, correlating with changes in transcript levels. Changes occurred in hundreds of promoter and enhancer regions, many of which were close to neuronal genes. We reveal that dysregulated enhancers are enriched in binding motifs for transcription factors (TFs) important for β‐cell identity, such as FOXA, MAFA or RFX6, and we identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that are regulated by LKB1 at the transcriptional level. Overall, our study provides important new insights into the epigenetic mechanisms by which LKB1 regulates β‐cell identity and function.
The Effect of Swaddling and Oropharyngeal Colostrum During Endotracheal Suctioning on Procedural Pain and Comfort in Premature Neonates
Authors: Karadede Huriye , Mutlu Birsen 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Endotracheal suctioning (ES) is a painful procedure frequently performed in the neonatal intensive care unit. This procedure negatively affects the comfort level of premature neonates.

Purpose:
To determine the effect of 2 nonpharmacologic methods, swaddling and the administration of oropharyngeal colostrum, on the pain and comfort levels of preterm neonates during ES.

Methods:
This randomized controlled experimental study comprised 48 intubated premature neonates (swaddling group n = 16; oropharyngeal colostrum group n = 16; and control group n = 16) at 26 to 37 weeks of gestation. The neonates were swaddled with a white soft cotton cloth or administered 0.4 mL of oropharyngeal colostrum 2 minutes before ES, according to the group in which they were included. Two observers evaluated the pain levels (Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revize [PIPP-R]) and comfort (Newborn Comfort Behavior Scale [COMFORTneo]) of the infants by observing video recordings of before, during, and after the procedure.

Findings/Results:
A significantly lower mean PIPP-R score was found in the swaddling group during ES compared with the control group (P = .002). The mean COMFORTneo scores of the swaddling and oropharyngeal colostrum groups during ES (P < .01, P = .002) and the mean PIPP-R and COMFORTneo scores immediately after ES and 5, 10, and 15 minutes later were significantly lower than the control group (P < .005).

Implications for Practice and Research:
Swaddling was effective both during and after the procedure, while oropharyngeal colostrum was effective only after the procedure in reducing ES-related pain in premature neonates. Swaddling and oropharyngeal colostrum were effective in increasing comfort both during and after the procedure.
Histopathologic Findings of Evolving Mpox Lesions
Authors: Mital Rohan , Fisher Kristopher , Korman Abraham M. , Plaza Jose A. , Kaffenberger Benjamin H. , Chung Catherine G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
This article reports two cases of the 2022 mpox virus with notable histopathology, and includes a novel description of mpox pseudotumor in the perianal region which is not previously described. This article additionally includes literature review of characteristic histopathology through evolving lesions, as it is sparsely described in relation to the 2022 mpox outbreak. Case one describes a 42-year-old man who presented with umbilicated, smooth papules on the trunk and extremities, and milia-like papules on the face. Histopathology of an umbilicated lesion revealed epidermal acanthosis with keratinocyte pallor, ballooning degeneration, keratinocyte necrosis, and neutrophilic epitheliotropism. Case two describes a 51-year-old man who presented with scattered eroded papules as well as a perianal mass. Histopathology of the mass revealed ulceration with keratinocyte enlargement and pallor with a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate. It additionally revealed rare multinucleated keratinocytes with nuclear molding. These cases are remarkable and contribute to literature as reports of the histopathology of the atypical 2022 mpox outbreak are rare. A combination of clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic evidence is useful in diagnosing mpox, and these cases contribute to describing the evolution of viral lesions.
Comparison of Digital Pathology and Light Microscopy Among Dermatology Residents: A Reappraisal Following Practice Changes
Authors: Neal Donald E. , Johnson Emma F. , Agrawal Shruti , Todd Austin , Camilleri Michael J. , Wieland Carilyn N. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Following transition to digital pathology for primary diagnosis at our institution, dermatology residents have reduced exposure to light microscopy. This study compares resident competency with light microscopy versus digital pathology following practice changes.

Methods:
Twenty-one dermatology residents were administered a dermatopathology examination composed of 32 diagnoses evaluated using digital slides and 32 with light microscopy. Case difficulty was graded and balanced between modalities. Diagnostic accuracy was measured using the number of correct diagnoses for each modality. Participants were surveyed regarding their experience and preferences.

Results:
Diagnostic accuracy was higher with digital pathology than light microscopy (22/32 vs. 18/32, P < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy with digital pathology increased with years of training, but accuracy with light microscopy did not. Residents with previous light microscopy experience achieved an average score of 19/32 on glass, as compared with 10/32 for those without experience (P = 0.039). Digital pathology was preferred over light microscopy (18/21, 85.7%).

Conclusions:
Trainees had better diagnostic proficiency with digital pathology and preferred this modality. Most practices at this time continue to use light microscopy. Therefore, we need to maintain proficiency in microscopy during training while concurrently preparing trainees for a digital future.
Nail as a Window to Diagnosing Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Somasundaram Arun , Periyasamy Senthil Kumar , Arunachalam Narayanan , Suyamprakasam Vimala Tirekha , Jinkala Sree Rekha , Dhandapany Gunasekaran , Sivaranjini Ramassamy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:
Nail involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis is rarely reported in the literature. According to the reported cases, it is believed that the involvement of nails has a poor prognosis because of multisystem involvement. Performing a nail bed biopsy might be challenging for children. We report a child in whom nail bed biopsy served as the sole clue to the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in absentia of skin clue on a background of advanced multisystem involvement.
Comparison of craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural hematoma: a meta-analysis of comparative study
Authors: Li Hua , Yao Yuqiang , Jiang Yuwen , Su Yibing , Wang Hanbin , Zhu Can , Gan Wenyi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) necessitates urgent surgical intervention. Craniotomy (CO) and decompressive craniectomy (DC) are the two main surgical procedures for ASDH evacuation. This meta-analysis is to compare the clinical outcomes between the CO and DC procedures.

Materials and methods:
The authors performed a meta-analysis according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C513, Supplemental Digital Content 2, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C514) Statement protocol and assessing the methodological quality of systematic reviews (AMSTAR) (Supplemental Digital Content 3, http://links.lww.com/JS9/C515) guideline. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched. Comparative studies reporting the outcomes of the CO and DC procedures in patients with ASDH were included.

Results:
A total of 15 articles with 4853 patients [2531 (52.2%) receiving CO and 2322 (47.8%) receiving DC] were included in this meta-analysis. DC was associated with higher mortality [31.5 vs. 40.6%, odds ratio (OR)=0.58, 95% CI: 0.43–0.77] and rate of patients with poorer neurological outcomes (54.3 vs. 72.7%; OR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.28–0.67) compared to CO. The meta-regression model identified the comparability of preoperative severity as the only potential source of heterogeneity. When the preoperative severity was comparable between the two procedures, the mortality (CO 35.5 vs. DC 38.1%, OR=0.80, 95% CI: 0.62–1.02) and the proportion of patients with poorer neurological outcomes (CO 64.8 vs. DC 66.0%; OR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.57–1.16) were both similar. Reoperation rates were similar between the two procedures (CO 16.1 vs. DC 16.0%; OR=0.95, 95% CI: 0.61–1.48).

Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis reveals that DC is associated with higher mortality and poorer neurological outcomes in ASDH compared to CO. Notably, this difference in outcomes might be driven by baseline patient severity, as the significance of surgical choice diminishes after adjusting for this factor. Our findings challenge previous opinions regarding the superiority of CO over DC and underscore the importance of considering patient-specific characteristics when making surgical decisions. This insight offers guidance for surgeons in making decisions tailored to the specific conditions of their patients.
A Randomized Controlled Comparison of Guardian-Perceived Cosmetic Outcome of Simple Lacerations Repaired With Either Dermabond, Steri-Strips, or Absorbable Sutures
Authors: Barton Margaret S. , Chaumet Maureen Saint Georges , Hayes Jessica , Hennessy Cassandra , Lindsell Christopher , Wormer Blair A. , Kassis Salam A. , Ciener Daisy , Hanson Holly 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the guardian-perceived 3-month cosmetic outcome for pediatric lacerations repaired with absorbable sutures, Dermabond, or Steri-Strips. Secondarily, pain and satisfaction with the procedure from both guardian and provider perspectives were compared.

Methods
In this randomized controlled trial, we enrolled a convenience sample of children aged 0 to <18 years who presented with simple linear lacerations (≤5 cm in length, ≤0.5 cm in width, and <12 hours old) to a pediatric emergency department. Children were randomized to receive laceration repair with absorbable sutures, Dermabond, or Steri-Strips. Topical L.E.T. solution (lidocaine, epinephrine, tetracaine) was applied to wounds which were then closed by the primary team. Guardians and providers completed questionnaires regarding perceived pain and satisfaction with the procedure. Guardians were contacted 3 months after the repair and asked to email a picture of the scar with their perception of cosmesis rated on a visual analog scale from 0 to 100.

Results
Fifty-five patients were enrolled, of whom 30 completed 3-month follow-up (12 suture, 7 Dermabond, 11 Steri-strips). There was no statistical evidence of an association between scar appearance and closure method based on medians and interquartile ranges for cosmetic ratings of scar: suture median 70.5 (IQR 59.8–76.8), Dermabond median 85 (IQR 73–90), Steri-strips median 67 (IQR 55–78) (P = 0.254). Guardian satisfaction with length of stay, guardian and physician satisfaction with the procedure, and guardian and physician-perceived pain also showed no differences.

Conclusions
No differences were observed in guardian-perceived cosmesis of simple lacerations repaired with sutures, Dermabond, or Steri-Strips when evaluated 3 months after intervention. In addition, there were no differences in guardian or physician-perceived pain or satisfaction with the closure methods. The results of this study suggest that all 3 closure methods appear to be clinically equivalent, which is largely consistent with other evidence. Further study should be expanded to a larger demographic.