bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “OPTI-CLOT” trial
Authors: Hazendonk Hendrika , Moort Iris van , Fijnvandraat Karin , Kruip Marieke , Laros-van Gorkom Britta , van der Meer Felix , Meijer Karina , Peters Marjolein , Schutgens Roger , Zwaan Christian , Driessens Mariette , Polinder Suzanne , Leebeek Frank , Mathôt Ron , Cnossen Marjon 
Published: June 2015

SummaryHaemophilia A is an X-linked inherited, rare bleeding disorder, caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Previous studies in prophylactic dosing have demonstrated that FVIII consumption can be significantly reduced by individualising dosing based on combined analysis of individual pharmacokinetic (PK) profiling and population PK data (Bayesian analysis). So far, no studies have been performed that address perioperative concentrate consumption using iterative PK-guided dosing based on a PK population model. The “OPTI-CLOT” trial is an open-label, prospective, multicentre randomised controlled superiority trial (RCT), aiming to detect a 25 % difference in perioperative FVIII concentrate consumption with iterative Bayesian PK-guided dosing in comparison to the standard dosing procedure. Sixty haemophilia A patients ≥ 12 years of age, with FVIII plasma levels ≤0.05 IUml-1 will be included requiring FVIII replacement therapy administered either by continuous or bolus infusion for an elective, low or medium risk surgical procedure. The proposed study aims to investigate a novel perioperative iterative PK-guided dosing strategy, based on a recently constructed perioperative PK population model. This model will potentially decrease underdosing and overdosing of clotting factor concentrate and is expected to overall reduce FVIII consumption by minimally 25 %. Moreover, participating hospitals will gain experience with PK-guided dosing, facilitating future implementation of this intervention which is expected to optimise current care and reduce costs of treatment.This study is part of the “OPTI-CLOT” research programme (Patient tailOred PharmacokineTIc-guided dosing of CLOTting factor concentrates in clotting disorders)”, an (inter)national multicentre study aiming to implement PKguided dosing of clotting factor replacement therapy by initiating studies to demonstrate its implications and feasibility, improve PK models and to increase knowledge of patient-tailored PK-guided dosing.
A Palestinian Uprising: Is it Possible or is it Too Late?
Authors: Ageel Ghada 
Published: June 2015

Four years ago, the Arab Awakening started out auspiciously. It caught many by surprise to say the least and its inception, strength and energy have continued to shock numerous commentators. While some observers noted that this powerful process had bypassed Palestine, others have offered a completely different view, arguing that the current situation is ripe for Palestine’s enactment of the Arab Awakening.
This article examines the validity of arguing the possibility or the impossibility of a Palestinian Arab Spring-style uprising. Has the spring really bypassed Palestine? Does Palestine exhibit the circumstances and capacities whose presence in other Arab countries seemed to be prerequisites for uprising? Moreover, if developments and initiatives adopted by the collective are of any indicator and Palestinians opt for a mass populist non-violent uprising, then what goals, tools and tactics would the coming Intifada adopt?
While attempting to place Palestine within a broader contextual analysis of the Arab Spring, the article seeks answers to these questions and argues that nonviolent resistance is emerging as the most potent means for reforming the Palestinian house and also for defying the occupation and exposing its crimes. The article presents a framework for the description and then provides recommendations.
Computed Tomographic Angiography of the Liver Via the Coeliac Axis
Authors: Lundstedt C. , Götberg S. , Lunderquist A. , Stridbeck H. , Ekberg H. 
Published: June 2015

Sixty computed tomographic angiographic (CTA) examinations of the liver were performed with contrast injection into the coeliac axis. Data from both an arterial and a portal venous phase were recorded. In 41 patients it was possible to compare the results of CTA with palpation of the liver during laparotomy. The results from CTA and laparotomy were the same in 35 patients (85%). In one patient CTA disclosed verified liver lesions not diagnosed at laparotomy. There were 2 false negative and 3 false positive CTA examinations. In the remaining 19 patients, a clinical follow-up period of at least 6 months was used to evaluate the results of CTA. In the 7 patients in whom CTA showed benign lesions or a normal liver parenchyma, the clinical follow-up revealed no evidence of tumour growth in the liver. References
Computed Tomography and 131I-MIBG Scintigraphy in the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Koizumi M. , Endo K. , Sakahara H. , Nakashima T. , Nakano Y. , Nakao K. , Torizuka K. 
Published: June 2015

In order to evaluate the usefulness of computed tomography (CT) and 131I meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131I-MIBG) scintigraphy for the localization of pheochromocytoma, a prospective study was undertaken in 23 patients with possible pheochromocytoma. Seventeen tumors were identified in 13 patients. Two tumors were extra-adrenal. CT was superior for locating tumors in the adrenal glands while 131I-MIBG scintigraphy was more useful in the detection of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Together with adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma, the sensitivity for locating the tumor was calculated as 82 per cent (14/17) for CT and 76 per cent (13/17) for 131I-MIBG scintigraphy, respectively. One adrenal tumor (1 cm in size) only was missed by both methods. No false positive CT scans of 131I-MIBG scintigraphy were obtained in the remaining 10 patients who had possible pheochromocytoma but were excluded. These results indicated that CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy were both useful tools for detecting pheochromocytoma. References
Teletransmission of Radiographic Images
Authors: Nilsson U. , Nyman U. , Nilsson M. 
Published: June 2015

A digital system for transmission of images over telephone lines using a 256×256×6 bits matrix provided for communication between a county hospital and a university hospital is presented. During a three-month period radiologic diagnostic problems encountered in 62 patients (computed tomography in 46 and conventional radiography in 16) were referred by transmitting selected images from each examination. Transmission of computed tomograms was performed without significant degradation of image quality and there was no loss of diagnostic information. Deterioration of image quality was noticed when conventional films especially those of the chest, were digitized and transmitted, though in no instance were they non-diagnostic. The consultations gave valuable information to the transmitting radiologist in approximately 50 per cent of the cases. Review by the consulted radiologists of all original films in each of the examinations 6 months later did not improve the diagnostic results. Thus, a few carefully selected images, digitized and transmitted over telephone lines, may be sufficient for adequate consultation. References
Measurements of T1 and T2 over Time in Formalin-Fixed Human Whole-Brain Specimens
Authors: Tovi M. , Ericsson A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract T1 and T2 were measured in 5 formalin-fixed human whole-brain specimens as a function of time. Gray matter/white matter contrast reversal was observed around the 4th day and was considered to be due to the greater decrease in T1 in gray than in white matter. A possible explanation for this is that the decomposition of the myelin phospholipid structure by formalin somewhat counteracts the general reductive effect of the fixation procedure on relaxation times.
Colo-Colonic Intussusception Caused by Lipoma
Authors: Wulff C. , Jespersen N. 
Published: June 2015

Intussusception is primarily seen among children, most often as idiopathic ileocolic intussusception (1, 4), and only 5 to 16% of all intussusceptions are seen in adults (1, 8). In contrast to childhood invagination, in adults underlying pathologic processes are identified in 18 to 90% (1, 8). This report presents 2 cases of colo-colonic intussusception caused by a colonic lipoma. The ultrasonic features of this benign tumour are rather characteristic. A definitive diagnosis can be provided by CT.
Classification of Spontaneous Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas with Regard to Their Pathogenesis
Authors: Mironov A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: A classification of dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) according to their pathogenesis has not been established. The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that the different angiomorphologies of DAVFs depend on the location of the venous recipient, and that a territorial classification of spontaneous DAVFs can be created based on their acquired development. Material and Methods: The clinical and radiographic findings of 96 patients with DAVFs were reviewed, especially with regard to their venous characteristics. Results: DAVFs were subdivided into 5 groups: Type 1 — DAVFs of the dural sinuses (n=39); Type 2 — DAVFs of the cavernous sinus (n=29); Type 3 — DAVFs of Galen's system (n=10); Type 4 — DAVFs of the venous plexus at the base of the skull (n=9); Type 5 — DAVFs of the parasinusal cortical veins (n=9). The documentation of a causal sinus thrombosis depends on the location of the DAVF: in 72% of the cases with type 1 DAVFs there was a thrombosis at the time of the investigation, but no thrombosis could be proved in cases with type 4 DAVFs. Conclusion: The morphological development of DAVFs seems to depend on the flow volume of the venous recipient. A pronounced development of pathological AV shunts takes place at the level of the large basal dural sinuses. A delayed development of pathological AV shunts with a low shunt volume occurs in a venous recipient with a low AV pressure gradient.
MR Imaging of 495 Consecutive Cases with Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Wu W. , Thuomas K.-Å. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To examine patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) with MR.Material and Methods:495 consecutive patients with SNHL and 120 age-matched healthy controls were examined. Spin-echo (SE) and fast spin-echo (FSE) images were used with 1.5 T equipment.Results:An intracranial abnormality was found in 211 (42.6%) of the patients with 95 (19.2%) along the acoustic pathway. Eleven of the 95 patients had sensory hearing loss while 84 had neural hearing loss with the retrocochlear auditory pathway affected by lesions. In 62 of the 84 patients, the internal acoustic canal and cerebellopontine angle were involved. Twenty-two patients had intra-axial lesions. The controls had no pathologic changes along the auditory pathway.Conclusion:MR imaging in a patient with SNHL must cover the entire acoustic pathway from the cochlea to the superior temporal gyrus, and all the components of the auditory pathway should be scrutinized. The FSE-technique can be used to detect the lesions causing SNHL. FSE-sequences can replace SE-sequences.
Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Rosenkilde M. , Albrecht-Beste E. , Wagner A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Adrenoleukodystrophy is a hereditary, usually X-linked recessive disorder, characterized by progressive demyelination of cerebral white matter and adrenal insufficiency. Material and Methods and Results: We report the case of a 14-year-old boy, presenting the typical changes in CT and MR with almost symmetrical changes in the white matter only, with no mass effect and a rim of enhancement. Adrenoleukodystrophy may resemble tumour but shows no mass effect. Discussion and Conclusion: We discuss the differential diagnoses and underline the importance of the characteristic appearance of this disease. Adrenoleukodystrophy is diagnosed by serum analysis.
Amber Chest Radiography and Patient Dose Measurements
Authors: Persliden J. , Fransson S.-G. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Improved chest imaging has been reported with the usage of AMBER (advanced multiple-beam equalization radiography) equipment but with a higher patient radiation dose compared with conventional chest radiography. Most studies, however, describe dose measurements from phantoms. This study presents a comparison of radiation dose measurements in 57 patients for p.a. projections from an AMBER unit with and without an extra Cu filtration and from a formerly used conventional Siemens chest stand. Material and Methods: Dose measurements were performed with thermoluminescence dosimetry. Entrance surface doses were recorded from 5 dosimeters, placed on the patient's back. Four were placed over the upper and lower lung fields, respectively, and 1 over the mediastinal area. The dose values were then compared with the values obtained from the conventional chest stand and from the measurements with the extra filtration on the AMBER system. Results: The mean entrance dose for the mediastinal area was 0.25 mSv (range 0.15–0.49). With the extra Cu filtration it was 0.16 mSv (0.07–0.29). For the lung fields the values were 0.19 mSv (0.07–0.44) and 0.10 mSv (0.02–0.31), respectively. For the conventional chest stand the entrance dose to the patient was 0.23 mSv. Conclusion: AMBER entrance surface doses for the p.a. projection without extra Cu filtration were comparable to the doses obtained with the formerly conventional Siemens chest stand and were well within European recommendations. With extra Cu filtration the AMBER entrance surface doses were reduced by a factor of almost 2.
Myocardial Cell Death in Reperfused and Nonreperfused Myocardial Infarctions
Authors: Nilsson S. , Wikström G. , Ericsson A. , Wikström M. , Øksendal A. , Waldenström A. , Hemmingsson A. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To investigate whether Dy-DTPA-BMA-enhanced MR imaging would permit identification of myocardial cell death, myocardial infarction was induced in 12 domestic pigs. Material and Methods: In 6 pigs with irreversible cell damage, Dy-DTPA-BMA (1.0 mmol/kg b.w.) was administered i.v. 70 min after coronary occlusion. In 6 other pigs, the infarctions were reperfused 80 min after the occlusion, followed by injection of Dy-DTPA-BMA after 30 min of reperfusion. In 4 additional pigs, the hearts were reperfused after 2 min of occlusion. All 16 pigs were sacrificed 10 min after the injection of Dy-DTPA-BMA. The hearts were excised and imaged with MR. Results: Reversibly injured myocardium could not be distinguished from adjacent nonischaemic myocardium after the administration of Dy-DTPA-BMA. Reperfused, infarcted myocardium demonstrated a high signal intensity in the proton-density- and T2-weighted sequences, despite a 5-fold higher Dy concentration compared with both nonreperfused infarcted and nonischaemic myocardium. Conclusion: This lack of susceptibility effect in infarcted myocardium, due to a homogeneous distribution of Dy, indicates the usefulness of Dy as a marker of tissue viability.
MR Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Hemangiomas
Authors: Jenner G. , Söderlund V. , Bauer H. F. C. , Brosjö O. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Our purpose was to evaluate how MR imaging depicts the vascular fibrofatty structure of hemangiomas. Material and Methods: MR images of 16 histologically proven skeletal muscle hemangiomas were reviewed retrospectively in a nonblinded manner. One patient was examined at 0.5 T, 9 at 1.0 T, and 6 at 1.5 T, and the imaging protocols varied. Results: All lesions were lobulated/tubular. Signal characteristics of fat were seen in 13 lesions as lace-like thin septa within or around the tumor. All 16 studies exhibited a hyperintense signal on T2-weighted spin-echo (SE) (n=15) or T1-weighted fast fat suppressed inversion recovery SE images (n=1). Postcontrast images showed marked signal enhancement in parts of the areas, both of high and low T2-weighted signal. Surgical staging based on MR images was correct in all lesions. Conclusion: MR images display the characteristic vascular fibrofatty structure of hemangiomas and may allow correct diagnosis.
MR Imaging of Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Kita K. , Kita M. , Sato M. , Ooshima A. , Yamada R. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the factors affecting the visualization of regenerating nodules in cirrhotic liver by MR imaging. Material and Methods: MR images from patients with liver cirrhosis and normal subjects were studied, and signal intensity within the liver was measured and correlated with histologic findings. A reference phantom was also used as a standard. Results: The signal intensity of the liver on T2-weighted (T2WI) spin-echo (SE) images was significantly increased in patients with liver cirrhosis. Multiple ring-like or reticular high-intensity areas (RHAs) were demonstrated on T2WI SE images in 44 of 125 cirrhotic livers. Histologic examination in 44 cases revealed various degrees of inflammatory changes in fibrous septa surrounding regenerative nodules in all specimens, vascular dilation in fibrous septa in 4 specimens, and no hemosiderin deposition in some specimens. The results of linear discriminant analysis showed that inflammatory changes in fibrous septa were significantly more pronounced in cases with RHAs on MR. Conclusion: RHAs seen on T2WI SE images may correspond to fibrous septa with inflammation. The signal intensity of fibrous septa surrounding regenerative nodules on T2WI SE images may be increased in liver cirrhosis due to inflammation or vascular dilation, contributing to the visualization of regenerating nodules as relatively low-intensity regions on MR.
Radiographic Features of Lobar Agenesis of the Liver
Authors: Makanjuola D. , Al-Smayer S. , Al-Orainy I. , Al-Saleh M. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Our aim was to describe the radiographic features of lobar agenesis of the liver. Material and Methods: Six patients with lobar agenesis of the liver, 5 right- and one left-sided, are presented. CT was used to confirm diagnosis. Chest radiography, barium meals, and urograms were also analyzed. Results: In right-sided agenesis, the following were observed: a) hammock or U-shaped deformity of the stomach; b) colonic interposition of the diaphragm (Chilaiditi's syndrome); and c) reversal of the cranial orientation of the colonic hepatic flexure compared to the splenic flexure. The right kidney was higher in position than the left in both right- and left-sided lobar agenesis. Conclusion: Our radiographic findings can provide a multidisciplinary approach in the identification of this anatomic anomaly.
Proton MR Spectroscopy and MR Imaging in Acute and Chronic Multiple Sclerosis — Ringlike Appearances in Acute Plaques
Authors: Landtblom A.-M. , Sjöqvist L. , Söderfeldt B. , Nyland H. , Thuomas K.-Å. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: We wanted to compare the metabolite status of brain lesions in different clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis (MS). Two acute MS lesions with ringlike appearances were also investigated. Material and Methods: Twenty-three clinically stable MS patients, 2 patients with acute relapses, and 15 healthy individuals were examined by MR imaging and localized proton MRS. Results: No metabolite differences were seen in plaques of different subtypes. Decreased NAA/Cr and NAA/choline ratios as well as increased inositol/Cr ratios were observed in the plaques of the clinically stable or chronic active MS patients as compared with controls. The ring plaques had hyperintense cores with surrounding halos, separated from the cores by rings with low signal intensity in T2-weighted images. The core exhibited a prolonged T2 relaxation time. Proton spectra initially contained lactate. Conclusion: No differences between the metabolite status of nonacute plaques in different clinical subtypes could be detected. The ring plaques contained lactate signals indicating oedema, inflammation, and macrophage invasion, and may be transition forms between acute oedematous lesions and chronic demyelinated plaques.
Imaging of Tuberculosis — Experience from 503 Patients
Authors: Nyman R. S. , Brismar J. , Hugosson C. , Larsson S.-G. , Lundstedt C. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: To give an overview of 503 patients with tuberculosis (TB) and to describe the radiologic findings of chest TB. Material and Methods: A total of 503 patients with proven TB were reviewed; 266 had chest involvement. Results: Lung lesions were demonstrated in 214 patients. Infiltrates in the basal parts of the lungs or pleural effusion were often primarily mistaken for viral or bacterial infections. Consolidations within the lungs and pleural thickening were sometimes indistinguishable from malignancy. Positive culture of the sputum without lung lesions was encountered in 12 cases. Enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes were demonstrated in 67 cases, 35 without lesions in the lungs. The lymphadenopathy could be extensive, and both clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from lymphoma. Conclusion: Due to the present increase in incidence of TB and the fact that TB can mimic many other conditions, it is important that both clinicians and radiologists have TB high on the list for differential diagnoses.
Mr Evaluation of Mediopatellar Plica
Authors: Nakanishi K. , Inoue M. , Ishida T. , Murakami T. , Tsuda K. , Ikezoe J. , Nakamura H. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Evaluation of the usefulness of MR imaging for diagnosing mediopatellar plica (MP) of the knee joint. Material and Methods: We prospectively examined MR images of 40 knee joints in 30 patients with symptoms. The pulse sequences were SE T1-weighted images (600/26 ms), T2-weighted images (1800/70), and FLASH images (320/15/flip angle 90°). When a low-intensity band was found above the medial condyle of the femur on T1-weighted and T2-weighted MR images, we defined it as MP. We compared these MR findings with arthroscopic findings, including the Sakakibara classification of MP. Results: In 29 of the 40 knee joints in which MP was arthroscopically found, 27 were correctly diagnosed as having MP on MR. In the remaining 11 without MP, 9 were correctly diagnosed by MR. Conclusion: MR images are useful not only for detecting MP but also for evaluating its extension. Our results suggest that MR imaging is useful as a screening method for detecting MP before arthroscopy.
Brain Penetration of Intrathecal Iomeprol in Dogs
Authors: La Noce A. , Lorenzon P. , Pugliese F. , Pellecchi G. , Orlandini I. , Tirone P. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose: Iomeprol, a new nonionic iodinated compound for intravascular use, is being evaluated as a myelographic contrast agent because of its low neurotoxicity. This study aimed to assess the degree of brain penetration of iomeprol after intrathecal administration. Material and Methods: Brain penetration in dogs was investigated by CT and compared with that of iopamidol, iohexol, and ioversol, currently used as myelographic contrast media (CM). Nervous tissue density was determined in different brain structures by recording Hounsfield values. Results: The experiments revealed that CM diffused from the cisternae into the parenchyma, reaching a maximum at 5–24 h after injection. The density of the examined brain regions was still higher than the preinjection levels 24 h later. No differences in brain penetration were observed among the CM investigated. Conclusion: The study has shown that iomeprol penetrates into the brain to the same extent as the most widely used myelographic CM.