bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of the Parkland-UT Southwestern Colonoscopy Reporting System (CoRS) for evidence-based colon cancer surveillance recommendations
Authors: Skinner Celette Sugg , Gupta Samir , Halm Ethan A , Wright Shaun , McCallister Katharine , Bishop Wendy , Santini Noel , Mayorga Christian , Agrawal Deepak , Moran Brett , Sanders Joanne M , Singal Amit G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objective Through colonoscopy, polyps can be identified and removed to reduce colorectal cancer incidence and mortality. Appropriate use of surveillance colonoscopy, post polypectomy, is a focus of healthcare reform.
Materials and Methods The authors developed and implemented the first electronic medical record–based colonoscopy reporting system (CoRS) that matches endoscopic findings with guideline-consistent surveillance recommendations and generates tailored results and recommendation letters for patients and providers.
Results In its first year, CoRS was used in 98.6% of indicated cases. Via a survey, colonoscopists agreed/strongly agreed it is easy to use (83%), provides guideline-based recommendations (89%), improves quality of Spanish letters (94%), they would recommend it for other institutions (78%), and it made their work easier (61%), and led to improved practice (56%).
Discussion CoRS’ widespread adoption and acceptance likely resulted from stakeholder engagement throughout the development and implementation process.
Conclusion CoRS is well-accepted by clinicians and provides guideline-based recommendations and results communications to patients and providers.
Descriptive analysis of medication errors reported to the Egyptian national online reporting system during six months
Authors: Shehata Zahraa Hassan Abdelrahman , Sabri Nagwa Ali , Elmelegy Ahmed Abdelsalam 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Objectives This study analyzes reports to the Egyptian medication error (ME) reporting system from June to December 2014.
Methods Fifty hospital pharmacists received training on ME reporting using the national reporting system. All received reports were reviewed and analyzed. The pieces of data analyzed were patient age, gender, clinical setting, stage, type, medication(s), outcome, cause(s), and recommendation(s).
Results Over the course of 6 months, 12 000 valid reports were gathered and included in this analysis. The majority (66%) came from inpatient settings, while 23% came from intensive care units, and 11% came from outpatient departments. Prescribing errors were the most common type of MEs (54%), followed by monitoring (25%) and administration errors (16%). The most frequent error was incorrect dose (20%) followed by drug interactions, incorrect drug, and incorrect frequency. Most reports were potential (25%), prevented (11%), or harmless (51%) errors; only 13% of reported errors lead to patient harm. The top three medication classes involved in reported MEs were antibiotics, drugs acting on the central nervous system, and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system. Causes of MEs were mostly lack of knowledge, environmental factors, lack of drug information sources, and incomplete prescribing. Recommendations for addressing MEs were mainly staff training, local ME reporting, and improving work environment.
Discussion There are common problems among different healthcare systems, so that sharing experiences on the national level is essential to enable learning from MEs. Internationally, there is a great need for standardizing ME terminology, to facilitate knowledge transfer. Underreporting, inaccurate reporting, and a lack of reporter diversity are some limitations of this study.
Egypt now has a national database of MEs that allows researchers and decision makers to assess the problem, identify its root causes, and develop preventive strategies.
Delivering digital health and well-being at scale: lessons learned during the implementation of the dallas program in the United Kingdom
Authors: Devlin Alison M , McGee-Lennon Marilyn , O’Donnell Catherine A , Bouamrane Matt-Mouley , Agbakoba Ruth , O’Connor Siobhan , Grieve Eleanor , Finch Tracy , Wyke Sally , Watson Nicholas , Browne Susan , Mair Frances S ,   the “dallas” evaluation team
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective To identify implementation lessons from the United Kingdom Delivering Assisted Living Lifestyles at Scale (dallas) program—a large-scale, national technology program that aims to deliver a broad range of digital services and products to the public to promote health and well-being.Materials and Methods Prospective, longitudinal qualitative research study investigating implementation processes. Qualitative data collected includes semi-structured e-Health Implementation Toolkit–led interviews at baseline/mid-point ( n = 38), quarterly evaluation, quarterly technical and barrier and solutions reports, observational logs, quarterly evaluation alignment interviews with project leads, observational data collected during meetings, and ethnographic data from dallas events ( n &gt; 200 distinct pieces of qualitative data). Data analysis was guided by Normalization Process Theory, a sociological theory that aids conceptualization of implementation issues in complex healthcare settings.Results Five key challenges were identified: 1) The challenge of establishing and maintaining large heterogeneous, multi-agency partnerships to deliver new models of healthcare; 2) The need for resilience in the face of barriers and set-backs including the backdrop of continually changing external environments; 3) The inherent tension between embracing innovative co-design and achieving delivery at pace and at scale ; 4) The effects of branding and marketing issues in consumer healthcare settings; and 5) The challenge of interoperability and information governance, when commercial proprietary models are dominant.Conclusions The magnitude and ambition of the dallas program provides a unique opportunity to investigate the macro level implementation challenges faced when designing and delivering digital health and wellness services at scale. Flexibility, adaptability, and resilience are key implementation facilitators when shifting to new digitally enabled models of care.
Structure and sources of the sporadic meteor background from video observations
Authors: Jakšová Ivana , Porubčan Vladimír , Klačka Jozef 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We investigate and discuss the structure of the sporadic meteor background population in the near-Earth space based on video meteor orbits from the SonotaCo database (SonotaCo 2009, WGN, 37, 55). The selection of the shower meteors was done by the Southworth–Hawkins streams-search criterion (Southworth & Hawkins 1963, Smithson. Contr. Astrophys., 7, 261). Of a total of 117786 orbits, 69.34% were assigned to sporadic background meteors. Our analysis revealed all the known sporadic sources, such as the dominant apex source which is splitting into the northern and southern branch. Part of a denser ring structure about the apex source connecting the antihelion and north toroidal sources is also evident. We showed that the annual activity of the apex source is similar to the annual variation in activity of the whole sporadic background. The antihelion source exhibits a very broad maximum from July until January and the north toroidal source shows three maxima similar to the radar observations by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). Potential parent bodies of the sporadic population were searched for by comparison of the distributions of the orbital elements of sporadic meteors, minor planets and comets.
Risk of a Diagnosis of Dementia for Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries after Intensive Care
Authors: Guerra Carmen , Hua May , Wunsch Hannah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAbstract
By using an extended Cox model in a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries who received intensive care in 2005 in the United States and survived to hospital discharge matched with general population controls (age, sex, and race) with 3 yr follow-up, it was found that the rate of incidence of diagnoses of dementia among elderly survivors of critical illness was 60% higher than in the matched general population controls, but translated into only a 3% absolute increase in risk over 3 yr. This increased incidence was not accounted for by risk factors for dementia before the critical illness.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Critical illness is likely associated with an increased risk of dementia, but the magnitude remains uncertain.

Methods
The cohort was a random 2.5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries who received intensive care in 2005 and survived to hospital discharge. Patients were matched with general population controls (age, sex, and race) with 3 yr of follow-up. The authors used an extended Cox model to assess the risk of a diagnosis of dementia, adjusting for the known risk factors for dementia, and the competing risk of death.

Results
Among 10,348 intensive care patients who survived to hospital discharge, dementia was newly diagnosed in 1,648 (15.0%) over the 3 yr of follow-up versus 12.2% in controls (incidence per 1,000 person-years, 73.6; 95% CI, 70.0 to 77.1 vs. 45.8; 95% CI, 43.2 to 48.3; hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.50 to 1.74; P < 0.001). After accounting for the known risk factors in the year before the index hospitalization, the risk of receiving a diagnosis of dementia remained increased in patients who received intensive care (adjusted HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.54; P < 0.001). Inclusion of identifiable risk factors accrued during the quarter of critical illness accounted for almost all of the increased risks (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.20; P = 0.06).

Conclusions
Elderly critical care survivors have a 60% increased relative risk, but only 3% increased absolute risk, of receiving a diagnosis of dementia in the subsequent 3 yr compared with the general population. This increased risk is not accounted for by risk factors preexisting the critical illness. Surveillance bias, which increases the likelihood of receiving a diagnosis of dementia, could account for some or all of these additional risks.
Incidence and Survival of Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Shaib Walid L. , Goodman Michael , Chen Zhengjia , Kim Sungjin , Brutcher Edith , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , El-Rayes Bassel F. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives:The aim of this study is to characterize the changes in the incidence, presentation, surgical treatment, and survival of patients with appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (AMN) over the past 4 decades using nationwide cancer surveillance data.Methods:Patients with the diagnosis of AMN were identified in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Information on demographics, disease characteristics, and surgical treatment was collected. Temporal changes in AMN incidence, characteristics of cases, and survival were analyzed from 1973 to 2011. Determinants of overall survival (OS) were examined using both crude and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.Results:The overall incidence rate of AMN increased on average 3.1%/1,000,000 persons-years (P<0.001). A significant decline in the age at diagnosis was observed (P=0.014). The proportion of patients presenting with distant disease at diagnosis also significantly increased (P=0.004). Five-year survival of patients with distant stage AMN increased at a rate of 3.5%/y between 1984 and 2006 (P<0.001). Median OS was not reached for localized and regional stage disease. Median OS for distant stage disease was 42 months.Conclusions:There has been an increase in the overall incidence of AMN with an observed increase in the proportion of younger age and distant stage at diagnosis. The OS has improved over time.
How Social Wealth Funds Could Help Tackle Inequality
Authors: Lansley Stewart 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article examines the potential to tackle the roots of inequality by the introduction of one or more social wealth funds. Such funds would aim to capture some of the financial gains from the private ownership of capital—a principal driver of inequality—and use the proceeds for wider community benefit, such as investment in social infrastructure. In recent decades a number of countries have introduced a variant on such funds, mostly taking the form of state‐owned sovereign wealth funds resourced through the exploitation of oil, and used for a diversity of economic purposes. In contrast, the UK has failed to take the opportunity to create such funds by, for example, reinvesting the revenue from the sales of public assets. So would it be possible to build one or more such collectively owned funds in the UK, and if so, how should they be financed? As well as funding social investment and anti‐inequality programmes, could such a scheme also help finance a regular Citizen's Dividend payment or a Citizen's Income scheme?
Australian survey on current practices for breast radiotherapy
Authors: Dundas Kylie L , Pogson Elise M , Batumalai Vikneswary , Boxer Miriam M , Yap Mei Ling , Delaney Geoff P , Metcalfe Peter , Holloway Lois 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionDetailed, published surveys specific to Australian breast radiotherapy practice were last conducted in 2002. More recent international surveys specific to breast radiotherapy practice include a European survey conducted in 2008/2009 and a Spanish survey conducted in 2009. Radiotherapy techniques continue to evolve, and the utilisation of new techniques, such as intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), is increasing. This survey aimed to determine current breast radiotherapy practices across Australia.MethodAn online survey was completed by 50 of the 69 Australian radiation therapy treatment centres.ResultsSupine tangential beam whole breast irradiation remains the standard of care for breast radiotherapy in Australia. A growing number of institutions are exploring prone positioning and IMRT utilisation. This survey demonstrated a wide variation in the benchmarks used to limit and report organ at risk doses, prescribed dose regimen, and post‐mastectomy bolus practices. This survey also indicated, when compared with international literature, that there may be less interest in or uptake of external beam partial breast irradiation, prone positioning, simultaneous integrated boost and breath hold techniques. These are areas where further review and research may be warranted to ensure Australian patients are receiving the best care possible based on the best evidence available.ConclusionThis survey provides insight into the current radiotherapy practice for breast cancer in Australia.
Pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis: does negativity of anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies matters?
Authors: Sharma Aman , Nada Ritambra , Naidu Godasi S. R. S. N. K. , Minz Ranjana W. , Kohli Harbir Singh , Sakhuja Vinay , Gupta Krishan Lal , Rathi Manish 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimA significant proportion of pauci‐immune glomerulonephritis (PIGN) patients are reported to have absence of anti‐neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA). However, studies are controversial regarding their significance and there is limited data after the new prognostic classification of PIGN.MethodsRenal biopsy‐proven cases of PIGN were included and their clinical details, ANCA status by immunofluorescence (IIF) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) and treatment outcomes at 6 months were noted. The renal biopsies were classified according to the proposed histopathological classification. Scoring was done from 0–3 for interstitial edema, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA), interstitial inflammation and arteriosclerosis. The percentage of glomeruli with sclerosis, cellular and fibrous crescents, and percentage of subjects with glomerulitis, tuft necrosis, interstitial granuloma and vasculitis were noted.ResultsOut of the 84 subjects included in the study, 33 (39.3%) were negative for ANCA by both IIF and ELISA. These subjects had significantly higher renal involvement, less extra‐renal manifestations and lower BVAS. On histology, they had significantly higher proportion of crescentic class (66.7% vs. 41.2%, P = 0.039), higher number of cellular crescents (66.12% vs. 53.3%, P = 0.00008), higher IFTA (1.53 vs. 1.02, P = 0.009) and less interstitial edema (1.44 vs. 1.96, P = 0.003). The treatment outcomes were worse in ANCA‐negative PIGN subjects, with significantly less improvement (37.2% vs. 62.8%, P = 0.02), more deterioration (40.7% vs. 14%, P = 0.006), and reduced probability of becoming dialysis free (31.6% vs. 69.6% P = 0.009).ConclusionsA negative ANCA in PIGN is associated with crescentic class, more IFTA and poor treatment outcomes.
Atypical antidepressants extend lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by activation of a non‐cell‐autonomous stress response
Authors: Rangaraju Sunitha , Solis Gregory M. , Andersson Sofia I. , Gomez‐Amaro Rafael L. , Kardakaris Rozina , Broaddus Caroline D. , Niculescu Alexander B. , Petrascheck Michael 
Published: August 2015

SummaryOxidative stress has long been associated with aging and has recently been linked to psychiatric disorders, including psychosis and depression. We identified multiple antipsychotics and antidepressants that extend Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan and protect the animal from oxidative stress. Here, we report that atypical antidepressants activate a neuronal mechanism that regulates the response to oxidative stress throughout the animal. While the activation of the oxidative stress response by atypical antidepressants depends on synaptic transmission, the activation by reactive oxygen species does not. Lifespan extension by atypical antidepressants depends on the neuronal oxidative stress response activation mechanism. Neuronal regulation of the oxidative stress response is likely to have evolved as a survival mechanism to protect the organism from oxidative stress, upon detection of adverse or dangerous conditions by the nervous system.
Protected Areas, Country and Value: The Nature–Culture Tyranny of the IUCN's Protected Area Guidelines for Indigenous Australians
Authors: Lee Emma 
Published: August 2015

Abstract“Protected areas” is the formal definition for the global network of conservation places, including marine and terrestrial reserves, which are overseen by the IUCN through instruments such as the Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories (Guidelines). In the long‐term conservation of nature, the Guidelines embed a nature–culture dualism, upon which the values of each are ascribed and weighted. This binary does not recognise relational values of Indigenous peoples to land or encompass worldviews beyond the restricted choice of the dualism. Through two Australian Aboriginal case studies, I reveal tensions in classifying cultural values for protected areas under the limited Guidelines offerings and provide an alternative engagement, through reassessing the means and scope by which values are assigned, for greater equity to Indigenous peoples.
Combined Ex Vivo 9.4T MRI and Quantitative Histopathological Study in Normal and Pathological Neocortical Resections in Focal Epilepsy
Authors: Reeves Cheryl , Tachrount Mohamed , Thomas David , Michalak Zuzanna , Liu Joan , Ellis Matthew , Diehl Beate , Miserocchi Anna , McEvoy Andrew W. , Eriksson Sofia , Yousry Tarek , Thom Maria 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHigh‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may improve the preoperative diagnosis of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in epilepsy. Quantitative 9.4T MRI was carried out (T1, T2, T2* and magnetization transfer ratio) on 13 cortical resections, representing pathologically confirmed FCD (five cases) and normal cortex. Quantitative immunohistochemistry for myelination (myelin basic protein/SMI94), neuronal populations [microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2), neurofilament (SMI31, SMI32), synaptophysin, NeuN, calbindin], reactive glia (GFAP), microglia (CD68) and blood–brain barrier permeability (albumin) was carried out in 43 regions of interest (ROI) from normal and abnormal white matter and cortex. MRI was spatially aligned and quantitative analysis carried out on corresponding ROI. Line profile analysis (LPA) of intensity gradients through the cortex was carried out on MRI and immunostained sections. An inverse correlation was noted between myelin/SMI94 and T1, T2 (P < 0.005) and T2* (P < 0.05; Spearman's correlation) and a positive correlation between neuronal MAP2 and T1 (P < 0.005) and T2* (P < 0.05) over all ROI. Similar pathology–MRI correlations were observed for histologically unremarkable white matter ROI only. LPA showed altered gradient contours in regions of FCD, reflecting abnormal cortical lamination and myelo‐architecture, including a preoperatively undetected FCD case. This study demonstrates the ability of quantitative 9.4T MRI to detect subtle differences in neuronal numbers and myelination in histologically normal appearing white matter and LPA in the evaluation of cortical dyslamination. These methods may be translatable to the in vivo detection of mild cortical malformations.
A systematic review of parenting interventions for parents of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lohan A. , Morawska A. , Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the parenting intervention literature for parents of children aged 2–10 years (mean age <10 years) with type 1 diabetes and to evaluate intervention efficacy in improving a range of parent, family and child outcomes. The present review de‐emphasizes the traditional medical approach to illness management summarized in previous reviews and focuses on parenting factors identified in the literature as important to diabetes management. This review article is important as it outlines the present state of parenting intervention literature for this population.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted for seven databases (Cumulative index to nursing and allied health literature, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane library and Web of Science) from their start dates until April 2014. Reference lists of all included papers were also searched for potentially relevant articles.ResultsSeven papers, representing six studies, met the inclusion criteria. Three studies primarily focused on improving parenting practices. The intervention programmes described in the remaining studies comprised multiple components; thus, it is difficult to establish the contribution of the parenting components to improving outcomes.ConclusionsParenting interventions may help to improve responsibility sharing and cooperation in diabetes management, child behaviour difficulties, parental behaviour, parents' psychological distress and child health outcomes. This review suggests the need for further well‐designed trials of parenting interventions to determine their specific contribution to improving outcomes for this population.
Interactive Sketch‐Driven Image Synthesis
Authors: Turmukhambetov Daniyar , Campbell Neill D.F. , Goldman Dan B , Kautz Jan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe present an interactive system for composing realistic images of an object under arbitrary pose and appearance specified by sketching. Our system draws inspiration from a traditional illustration workflow: The user first sketches rough ‘masses’ of the object, as ellipses, to define an initial abstract pose that can then be refined with more detailed contours as desired. The system is made robust to partial or inaccurate sketches using a reduced‐dimensionality model of pose space learnt from a labelled collection of photos. Throughout the composition process, interactive visual feedback is provided to guide the user. Finally, the user's partial or complete sketch, complemented with appearance requirements, is used to constrain the automatic synthesis of a novel, high‐quality, realistic image.