bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral pelvic compartment excision during pelvic exenteration
Authors: Solomon M J , Brown K G M , Koh C E , Lee P , Austin K K S , Masya L 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background
Involvement of the lateral compartment remains a relative or absolute contraindication to pelvic exenteration in most units. Initial experience with exenteration in the authors' unit produced a 21 per cent clear margin rate (R0), which improved to 53 per cent by adopting a novel technique for en bloc resection of the iliac vessels and other side-wall structures. The objective of this study was to report morbidity and oncological outcomes in consecutive exenterations involving the lateral compartment.

Methods
Patients undergoing pelvic exenteration between 1994 and 2014 were eligible for review.

Results
Two hundred consecutive patients who had en bloc resection of the lateral compartment were included. R0 resection was achieved in 66·5 per cent of 197 patients undergoing surgery for cancer and 68·9 per cent of planned curative resections. For patients with colorectal cancer, a clear resection margin was associated with a significant overall survival benefit (P = 0·030). Median overall and disease-free survival in this group was 41 and 27 months respectively. Overall 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 86, 46 and 35 per cent respectively. No predictors of survival were identified on univariable analysis other than margin status and operative intent. Excision of the common or external iliac vessels or sciatic nerve did not confer a survival disadvantage.

Conclusion
The continuing evolution of radical pelvic exenteration techniques has seen an improvement in R0 margin status from 21 to 66·5 per cent over a 20-year interval by routine adoption of a more lateral anatomical plane. Five-year overall survival rates are comparable with those for more centrally based tumours.
Trends in hospital treatments for peripheral arterial disease in the United States and association between payer status and quality of care/outcomes, 2007–2011
Authors: Kim Luke K. , Swaminathan Rajesh V. , Minutello Robert M. , Gade Christopher L. , Yang David C. , Charitakis Konstantinos , Shah Ashish , Kaple Ryan , Bergman Geoffrey , Singh Harsimran , Chiu Wong S. , Feldman Dmitriy N. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThis study sought to identify the temporal trends of presenting diagnoses and vascular procedures performed for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) along with the rates of procedures and in‐hospital outcomes by payer status.BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or lack of insurance receive poorer quality of care leading to worse outcomes.MethodsWe analyzed 196,461,055 discharge records to identify all hospitalized patients with PAD records (n = 1,687,724) from January 2007 through December 2011 in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.ResultsThe annual frequency of vascular procedures remained unchanged during the study period. Patients with Medicaid were more likely to present with gangrenes, whereas patients with Medicare were more likely to present with ulcers. After adjustment, patients with Medicare and Medicaid were more likely to undergo amputations when compared with private insurance/HMO (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10–1.16 and OR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.20–1.29, respectively). Patients with both Medicare and Medicaid were less likely to undergo bypass surgery (OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.81–0.84 and OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.85–0.90, respectively), but more likely to undergo endovascular procedures (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.17–1.20 and OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.06, respectively). Medicare and Medicaid status versus private insurance/HMO was associated with worse adjusted odds of in‐hospital outcomes, including mortality after amputations, endovascular procedures, and bypass surgeries.ConclusionsIn this analysis, patients with Medicare and Medicaid had more comorbid conditions at baseline when compared with private insurance/HMO cohorts, were more likely to present with advanced stages of PAD, undergo amputations, and develop in‐hospital complications. These data unveil a critical gap and an opportunity for quality improvement in the elderly and those with poor socioeconomic status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamic Imaging of Ostwald Ripening by Environmental Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Martin Thomas E. , Gai Pratibha L. , Boyes Edward D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe first dynamic atomic resolution environmental scanning transmission electron microscope (ESTEM) study of the nanoparticle sintering of a model Cu system is reported. ESTEM confers the advantage of a Z‐contrast dependence in industrially representative conditions to provide enhanced visibility of sub‐nanometer particles when compared with TEM. The importance of this is demonstrated by the significant enhancement in the Ostwald ripening rate of model Cu nanoparticles in the presence of 3 Pa hydrogen, an effect that is independent of the substrates studied. Temperatures of 400–550 °C are shown to switch the operating regime of the rate‐limiting mechanism. Cu catalysts are used for methanol synthesis and hydrocarbon‐conversion processes for fuel cells, and the importance of observing these catalysts in their working states is demonstrated. Unique ESTEM observations of Ostwald ripening are combined with kinetic models to improve the technical understanding of catalyst deactivation mechanisms.
Effect of Titania Regular Macroporosity on the Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on Cd1−xZnxS/TiO2 Catalysts under Visible Light
Authors: Kozlova Ekaterina A. , Kurenkova Anna Yu. , Semeykina Victoria S. , Parkhomchuk Ekaterina V. , Cherepanova Svetlana V. , Gerasimov Evgeny Yu. , Saraev Andrey A. , Kaichev Vasily V. , Parmon Valentin N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMultiphase photocatalysts Cd1−xZnxS/TiO2 were synthesized through the deposition of solid solutions of cadmium and zinc sulfides on the surface of titania samples with different porous structures, including a 3D‐ordered meso/macroporous structure. The photocatalysts were characterized by a wide range of experimental techniques: X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy combined with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, N2 adsorption at 77 K, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity was tested in a batch reactor for the H2 evolution reaction from aqueous solutions of Na2S/Na2SO3 under visible‐light irradiation (λ=450 nm). The highest achieved photocatalytic activity was 1.8 mmol H2 per gram of photocatalyst per hour. The regular porous structure of titania was demonstrated to enhance the photocatalytic activity and stability of Cd0.4Zn0.6S/TiO2 samples.
The Solitary Isomer of C60H18 Is Proven to Have a C3v Crown Shape: Crystal Structure Determination and Synthesis of Its Triruthenium Cluster Complex
Authors: Chen Chi‐Shian , Chuang Tsung‐Han , Liu Yi‐Hung , Yeh Wen‐Yann 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnalytically pure C60H18 is obtained by a Ru3 cluster complexation and decomplexation method. The crystal structure of C60H18 consists of one flattened hemisphere, to which all 18 hydrogen atoms are symmetrically bonded, and one curved hemisphere akin to C60. A benzenoid ring in the flattened hemisphere is isolated from the residual π systems by a belt composed of sp3‐hybridized CH units. The average out‐of‐plane distances for carbon atoms attached to the benzenoid ring (0.14 Å) is substantially larger than that found in C60F18 (0.06 Å). Several long C(sp3)C(sp3) single bond lengths [1.61(3)–1.65(3) Å] are observed for C60H18. The reaction of [Ru3(CO)12] and C60H18 produces [Ru3(CO)9(μ3‐η2,η2,η2‐C60H18)] (1), where the Ru3 triangle is regiospecifically linked to the hexagon opposite to the benzenoid ring. Compound 1 is the first transition metal complex of a polyhydrofullerene (fullerane). C60H18 and 1 have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, UV/Vis, and mass spectroscopies. The HOMO–LUMO gap of C60H18 is evaluated to be 1.51 V by cyclic voltammetry.
Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) Reveals Subtle Conformational Aspects and Intermolecular Interactions in the Carnitine Family
Authors: Mazzeo Giuseppe , Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Castiglioni Ettore , Villani Claudio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVibrational circular dichroism spectra (VCD) in the mid‐IR region and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra for three carnitine derivatives in the form of hydrochloride salts were recorded in deuterated methanol solutions. Density Functional Theory calculations help one to understand the significance of the observed VCD bands. VCD and ECD spectra are informative about the absolute configuration of the molecule, but VCD data reveal also some conformational aspects in the N,N,N‐trimethyl moiety and inform us about intermolecular interactions gained from the carbonyl stretching region for the acyl substituted carnitines. Chirality 27:907–913, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting Bleeding Risk by Platelet Function Testing in Patients Undergoing Heart Surgery
Authors: Kuliczkowski Wiktor , Sliwka Joanna , Kaczmarski Jacek , Zysko Dorota , Zembala Michal , Steter Damian , Zembala Marian , Fortmann Seth , Serebruany Victor 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicting bleeding events in patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) represents an unmet medical need that may improve CABG outcomes.HypotesisTo assess the potential link between platelet function testing and bleeding risk in patients undergoing CABG.MethodsPlatelet aggregation and clinical outcomes in 478 patients treated with aspirin and/or clopidogrel were retrospectively analyzed. Platelet activity was assessed prior to CABG with arachidonic acid (ASPI Test), and adenosine diphosphate(ADP Test) utilizing multiple‐electrode aggregometry.ResultsIn the study group of 478 patients, mean age was 65.2±15.2 years; 138 were women. The majority of patients (n = 198) underwent on‐pump surgery, with 162 undergoing off‐pump and 30 undergoing minimally invasive surgery. Forty‐eight patients received artificial valve implantation alone, and 40 received valve implantation in combination with CABG. The analysis of the entire pool revealed that an ASPI test value <407 area under curve per minute (AUC*min) may be useful in predicting postoperative drainage. In CABG patients only, an ASPI test value <271 AUC*min predicted the need for red blood cell concentrate transfusion following surgery. In patients who stopped clopidogrel for up to 5 days before surgery, the ADP test failed to exhibit prognostic utility for predicting bleeding risk.ConclusionsIn patients undergoing heart surgery, an ASPI test value <407 AUC*min may predict higher postoperative drainage, whereas <271 AUC*min may be linked to postoperative use of red blood cell concentrate.
A new simplified methodology for studying the coupled fluid–structure interaction in a weakened basilar artery
Authors: Montanino A. , Fortunato A. , Angelillo M. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we study the fluid–structure interaction in a weakened basilar artery. The aim is to study how the wall shear stress changes in space and time because of the weakening, because spatial and temporal changes are thought to be possible causes of aneurysm and vascular deseases.The arterial wall, in its natural configuration, is modeled as a hyperelastic cylinder, inhomogeneous along its axis, in order to simulate the axis‐symmetric weakening.The fluid is studied exploiting a recent approach for quasi‐one‐dimensional flows in slowly varying ducts, which allows to write the averaged equations of mass and energy balance on the basis of the velocity profile in a straight duct. The unknowns are the wall pressure, the average velocity, and the wall radial displacement.The problem is solved in two parts: first, the stationary non‐linear coupled problem is solved, and an intermediate configuration is obtained. Then, we study the variation of the basic unknowns about the intermediate configuration, considering time dependence over the cardiac cycles.The results suggest that, with a 10% reduction of the main elastic modulus, the shear stress in the weakened zone changes its sign and doubles the maximum stress value detected in the healthy zone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is a community still a community? Reviewing definitions of key terms in community ecology
Authors: Stroud James T. , Bush Michael R. , Ladd Mark C. , Nowicki Robert J. , Shantz Andrew A. , Sweatman Jennifer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCommunity ecology is an inherently complicated field, confounded by the conflicting use of fundamental terms. Nearly two decades ago, Fauth et al. (1996) demonstrated that imprecise language led to the virtual synonymy of important terms and so attempted to clearly define four keywords in community ecology; “community,” “assemblage,” “guild,” and “ensemble”. We revisit Fauth et al.'s conclusion and discuss how the use of these terms has changed over time since their review. An updated analysis of term definition from a selection of popular ecological textbooks suggests that definitions have drifted away from those encountered pre‐1996, and slightly disagreed with results from a survey of 100 ecology professionals (comprising of academic professors, nonacademic PhDs, graduate and undergraduate biology students). Results suggest that confusion about these terms is still widespread in ecology. We conclude with clear suggestions for definitions of each term to be adopted hereafter to provide greater cohesion among research groups.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems complement biologging in spatial ecology studies
Authors: Mulero‐Pázmány Margarita , Barasona Jose Ángel , Acevedo Pelayo , Vicente Joaquín , Negro Juan José 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe knowledge about the spatial ecology and distribution of organisms is important for both basic and applied science. Biologging is one of the most popular methods for obtaining information about spatial distribution of animals, but requires capturing the animals and is often limited by costs and data retrieval. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) have proven their efficacy for wildlife surveillance and habitat monitoring, but their potential contribution to the prediction of animal distribution patterns and abundance has not been thoroughly evaluated. In this study, we assess the usefulness of UAS overflights to (1) get data to model the distribution of free‐ranging cattle for a comparison with results obtained from biologged (GPS‐GSM collared) cattle and (2) predict species densities for a comparison with actual density in a protected area. UAS and biologging derived data models provided similar distribution patterns. Predictions from the UAS model overestimated cattle densities, which may be associated with higher aggregated distributions of this species. Overall, while the particular researcher interests and species characteristics will influence the method of choice for each study, we demonstrate here that UAS constitute a noninvasive methodology able to provide accurate spatial data useful for ecological research, wildlife management and rangeland planning.
Imines in the Titanium Coordination Sphere: Highly Reactive Titanaaziridines and Larger Titanacycles Formed by Subsequent C–C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Loose Florian , Schmidtmann Marc , Saak Wolfgang , Beckhaus Rüdiger 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reductive complexation of aldimines is one of the promising synthetic tools to obtain titanaaziridines by reaction of the corresponding titanium halides and magnesium as a reducing agent. The effects of the substitution pattern of the imine ligand and the nature of the titanium fragment on the degree of activation of the η2‐coordinated N–C double bond were investigated. With Cp#TiCl3 (Cp# = cyclopentadienyl or pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) as the precursor for the reductive complexation of the imines N‐(4‐methylbenzylidene)aniline (2e) and 2‐methyl‐1‐pyrroline (7), the formation of diazatitanacyclopentanes by McMurry‐like C–C coupling is found. A six‐membered titanacycle 8 is obtained by a Michael‐like coupling reaction of 7. By these insights, it is possible to derive a general reaction pattern for low‐valent titanium centers with imines. Three‐membered titanaaziridines are formed for sterically demanding imines. If such a formation is not possible, coupling reactions occur. Imines that have the opportunity to release a proton at the β‐position to the nitrogen atom undergo Michael‐like reactions, whereas McMurry‐like coupling reactions are found at less‐shielded titanium centers. Although the titanoceneaziridines show the expected reactivity with aldehydes, ketones, and nitriles, the insertion of alkynes into the titanium–carbon bond proceeds with a remarkably inverse regioselectivity compared with that for the methyleneaniline complex [CpAd2Ti(η2‐RN=CH2)] (6; Ad = adamantanyl, R = p‐ClC6H4).
Formation of a Carbene–Phosphinidene Adduct by NHC‐Induced P–P Bond Cleavage in Sodium Tetramesityltetraphosphanediide
Authors: Adhikari Anup K. , Grell Toni , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reaction of [Na2(thf)4P4Mes4] (1) (Mes = 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2) with 1,3‐dimethylimidazolin‐2‐ylidene (Me2Im) or the corresponding imidazolium iodide ([Me2ImH]I) leads to P–P bond cleavage and formation of the carbene–phosphinidene adduct (Me2Im)PMes (2), which was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography.
Stable water isotopes suggest sub‐canopy water recycling in a northern forested catchment
Authors: Green Mark B. , Laursen Bethany K. , Campbell John L. , McGuire Kevin J. , Kelsey Eric P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractStable water isotopes provide a means of tracing many hydrologic processes, including poorly understood dynamics like soil water interactions with the atmosphere. We present a four‐year dataset of biweekly water isotope samples from eight fluxes and stores in a headwater catchment at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. We use Dansgaard's deuterium excess (d) parameter to infer hydrologic processes that cause stable water isotope fractionation. Although we expected to observe a decrease in d from precipitation to soil water because of evaporation, instead we observed an increase, which suggests sub‐canopy water vapour recycling (evapotranspiration and then re‐condensation). However, the underlying mechanisms and spatial dynamics remain uncertain. The apparent recycling is most evident in the growing season; weak evidence suggests a similar process in the dormant season. Sub‐canopy water recycling is a novel hydrologic process that should have implications for micro‐meteorology and habitat provided by the forest sub‐canopy environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical Organic Chemistry – A Personal Perspective
Authors: Sander Wolfram 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhysical organic chemistry plays a unifying role in chemistry by combining a large variety of experimental and theoretical techniques to create simplified, intuitively understandable concepts of chemical processes. The concept of “antiaromaticity” is used to demonstrate how complex experiments may result in general models that allow chemists to predict the chemical and physical properties of difficult to access molecules and even of transition states. Cyclooctatetraene and the fluorenyl cation are used as examples to illustrate some working methods of physical organic chemistry.
Efficient Fludarabine‐Activating PNP From Archaea as a Guidance for Redesign the Active Site of E. Coli PNP
Authors: Cacciapuoti Giovanna , Bagarolo Maria Libera , Martino Elisa , Scafuri Bernardina , Marabotti Anna , Porcelli Marina 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe combination of the gene of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from Escherichia coli and fludarabine represents one of the most promising systems in the gene therapy of solid tumors. The use of fludarabine in gene therapy is limited by the lack of an enzyme that is able to efficiently activate this prodrug which, consequently, has to be administered in high doses that cause serious side effects. In an attempt to identify enzymes with a better catalytic efficiency than E. coli PNP towards fludarabine to be used as a guidance on how to improve the activity of the bacterial enzyme, we have selected 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (SsMTAP) and 5′‐deoxy‐5′‐methylthioadenosine phosphorylase II (SsMTAPII), two PNPs isolated from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus. Substrate specificity and catalytic efficiency of SsMTAP and SsMTAPII for fludarabine were analyzed by kinetic studies and compared with E. coli PNP. SsMTAP and SsMTAPII share with E. coli PNP a comparable low affinity for the arabinonucleoside but are better catalysts of fludarabine cleavage with kcat/Km values that are 12.8‐fold and 6‐fold higher, respectively, than those reported for the bacterial enzyme. A computational analysis of the interactions of fludarabine in the active sites of E. coli PNP, SsMTAP, and SsMTAPII allowed to identify the crucial residues involved in the binding with this substrate, and provided structural information to improve the catalytic efficiency of E. coli PNP by enzyme redesign. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1126–1135, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Microenvironmental Interaction Between Hypoxia and Endothelial Cells Controls the Migration Ability of Placenta‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells via α4 Integrin and Rho Signaling
Authors: Choi Jong Ho , Lim Seung Mook , Yoo Yong In , Jung Jieun , Park Jong‐Won , Kim Gi Jin 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a powerful source for cell therapy in degenerative diseases. The migration ability of MSCs is an important factor that enhances the therapeutic effect of the cells when they are transplanted into target tissues or organs. Hypoxia and the endothelial barrier, which are representative migration microenvironmental factors, are known to be regulated by the integrin‐mediated pathway in several cancers. However, their regulatory mechanisms in MSCs remain unclear. Here, the objectives of the study were to compare the expression of markers related to integrin‐mediated signaling in placenta‐derived MSCs (PDMSCs) dependent on hypoxia and co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to evaluate their correlations between migration ability and microenvironmetal factors including hypoxia and endothelial cells. The migration abilities of PDMSCs exposed to hypoxic conditions were significantly increased compared with normal fibroblasts (WI‐38) and control (P < 0.05). Interestingly, decreased integrin α4 in PDMSCs under hypoxia induce to increase migration abilities of PDMSCs. Also, Rho family‐related markers were significantly increased in PDMSCs under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxia (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the migration ability of PDMSCs was decreased by Rho kinase inhibitor treatment (Y‐27632) and co‐culturing with HUVECs in an ex vivo system. ROCK activity was increased by inhibiting integrin α4 with HUVECs and hypoxia compared with the absence of HUVECs and under normoxia. The findings suggest microenvironment event by hypoxia and the interaction with endothelial cells may be useful as a regulator of MSC migration and provide insight into the migratory mechanism of MSCs in stem cell‐based therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1145–1157, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.