bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of root caries: a literature review of primary and secondary preventive agents
Authors: Gluzman Rima , Katz Ralph V. , Frey Barbara J. , McGowan Richard 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPurposeThis literature review summarizes the effectiveness of the seven leading root caries preventive agents and provides recommendations for use of those agents in clinical practice with older adults and vulnerable elderly.MethodStudies were eligible if they assessed the effectiveness of either fluoride, chlorhexidine, xylitol, amorphous calcium phosphate, sealants, saliva stimulators, or silver diamine fluoride to prevent/control root caries in an English language articles between 1979 and 2010.ResultsIn the 31 eligible studies, the most effective primary (1°) prevention agents had reductions in RC incidence ranging from 72% to nearly 200% as compared to a placebo while for secondary (2°) prevention, the best agents demonstrated arrest rates between 67 and 80%.ConclusionFor 1° prevention of root caries the recommended “best choice” is a 38% Silver Diamine Fluoride solution professionally applied annually, while for the 2° prevention of root caries, the recommended “best choice” is a 22,500 ppm Sodium Fluoride varnish professionally applied every 3 months.
Gene–environment interaction in externalizing problems among adolescents: evidence from the Pelotas 1993 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Kieling Christian , Hutz Mara H. , Genro Júlia P. , Polanczyk Guilherme V. , Anselmi Luciana , Camey Suzi , Hallal Pedro C. , Barros Fernando C. , Victora Cesar G. , Menezes Ana M. B. , Rohde Luis Augusto 
Published: December 2012

Background:  The study of gene–environment interactions (G × E) is one of the most promising strategies to uncover the origins of mental disorders. Replication of initial findings, however, is essential because there is a strong possibility of publication bias in the literature. In addition, there is a scarcity of research on the topic originated from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). The aim of this study was to replicate G × E hypotheses for externalizing problems among adolescents in a middle‐income country.Methods:  As part of the Pelotas 1993 Birth Cohort Study, 5,249 children were enrolled at birth and followed up to the age of 15 years, with an 85.7% retention rate. We sought an interaction between the homozygosity of the 10‐repeat allele at the dopamine transporter (DAT1) gene and prenatal maternal smoking in the development of hyperactivity problems during adolescence assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We also tested for an interaction between the uVNTR polymorphism at the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and the experience of childhood maltreatment in the occurrence of conduct problems among adolescent boys.Results:  Although there was a clear association between prenatal maternal smoking and hyperactivity scores in adolescence (p < 0.001), no main genetic or interaction effects for the DAT1 gene were detected. Similarly, childhood maltreatment showed to be associated with conduct problems among boys (p < 0.001), with no observable main genetic or interaction effects for the MAOA gene.Conclusions:  In the largest mental health G × E study performed in a LMIC to date, we did not replicate previous positive findings from the literature. Despite the presence of main environmental effects, there was no evidence of effect modification by genotype status. Additional replication efforts to measure G × E are needed to better understand the origins of mental health and illness, especially in LMIC.
Parental depressive and anxiety symptoms during pregnancy and attention problems in children: a cross‐cohort consistency study
Authors: Van Batenburg‐Eddes T. , Brion M.J. , Henrichs J. , Jaddoe V.W.V. , Hofman A. , Verhulst F.C. , Lawlor D.A. , Davey Smith G. , Tiemeier H. 
Published: December 2012

Background:  Maternal depression and anxiety during pregnancy have been associated with offspring‐attention deficit problems.Aim:  We explored possible intrauterine effects by comparing maternal and paternal symptoms during pregnancy, by investigating cross‐cohort consistency, and by investigating whether parental symptoms in early childhood may explain any observed intrauterine effect.Methods:  This study was conducted in two cohorts (Generation R, n = 2,280 and ALSPAC, n = 3,442). Pregnant women and their partners completed questionnaires to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. Child attention problems were measured in Generation R at age 3 with the Child Behavior Checklist, and in ALSPAC at age 4 with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.Results:  In both cohorts, antenatal maternal symptoms of depression (Generation R: OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.43; ALSPAC: OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19–1.48) and anxiety (Generation R: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.06–1.46; ALSPAC: OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.19–1.47) were associated with a higher risk of child attention problems. In ALSPAC, paternal depression was also associated with a higher risk of child attention problems (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.24). After adjusting for maternal symptoms after giving birth, antenatal maternal depression and anxiety were no longer associated with child attention problems in Generation R. Moreover, there was little statistical evidence that antenatal maternal and paternal depression and anxiety had a substantially different effect on attention problems of the child.Conclusions:  The apparent intrauterine effect of maternal depression and anxiety on offspring‐behavioural problems may be partly explained by residual confounding. There was little evidence of a difference between the strength of associations of maternal and paternal symptoms during pregnancy with offspring‐attention problems. That maternal symptoms after childbirth were also associated with offspring‐behavioural problems may indicate a contribution of genetic influences to the association.
Antennal responses of Cydia pomonella (L.) exposed to surfaces treated with methoxyfenozide
Authors: Barrett B. A. , Keesey I. W. , Akbulut S. , Terrell Stamps W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractElectroantennogram (EAG) measurements were recorded from the antennae of male and female codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., to determine whether adult moths exposed to surfaces treated with the ecdysteroid agonist methoxyfenozide experience a decline in their antennal reception and thus olfactory sensitivity. Such a phenomenon would offer a possible mechanism for the previously reported decreased responsiveness from moths treated with methoxyfenozide to pheromone‐ and plant volatile‐based monitoring lures. Mean EAG data revealed that the antennae from methoxyfenozide‐treated male moths appear to be just as sensitive to various doses of synthetic codlemone as the antennae from the control and surfactant‐treated moths, but they appeared to be less sensitive to the pheromone component 12OH (collected from female effluvia) than the control male antennae. Mean male EAG responses to the pheromone components E8,E10‐12Al and codlemone collected from methoxyfenozide‐treated females were significantly less than the responses towards those two pheromone components collected from the control and surfactant‐treated females. Female moth exposure to methoxyfenozide did not negatively impact the sensitivity of female antennae to the plant volatile pear ester, but it did towards the apple volatile butyl hexanoate. Data from this study show that adult C. pomonella exposure to methoxyfenozide‐treated surfaces does appear to negatively impact, in a minor way, the (i) olfactory sensitivity (or detection) of male antennae towards some components of the female sex pheromone, (ii) the female antennal sensitivity towards a key apple volatile and (iii) the attractiveness of female pheromone effluvia.
Imbalance of interleukin‐17‐producing CD4 T cells/regulatory T cells axis occurs in remission stage of patients with hepatitis B virus‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Zhang Geng‐Lin , Xie Dong‐Ying , Lin Bing‐Liang , Xie Chan , Ye Yi‐Nong , Peng Liang , Zhang Shao‐Quan , Zhang Yu‐Feng , Lai Qing , Zhu Jian‐Yun , Zhang Ying , Huang Yang‐Su , Hu Zhao‐Xia , Gao Zhi‐Liang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough regulatory T cells (Treg) and interleukin‐17‐producing CD4 T cells (Th17) have been demonstrated to play opposing roles in inflammation‐associated diseases, their frequency and balance in different stages of hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) remain unknown.MethodsFourteen patients with HBV‐associated ACLF were studied and defined into different stages according to disease activity. Circulating Th17 cells and Treg cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the cytokines were quantitated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results were correlated with temporal changes in viral load, disease progression and compared with 30 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) subjects and 18 healthy subjects.ResultsWe showed a significantly higher frequency of circulating Th17 cells in the remission stage of ACLF when compared with the progression stage, the CHB group, or normal controls. However, the frequency of circulating Treg cells was significantly lower in the remission stage of ACLF when compared with the progression stage or the CHB group. The increase in Th17 cells and concomitant decrease in Treg cells created an imbalance in the remission stage of ACLF patients, which negatively correlated with disease progression. In addition, we showed that ACLF patients in the remission stage had an altered profile of cytokines that regulated the induction of Th17 cells and Treg cells.ConclusionsACLF patients in the remission stage had an imbalance of Th17 to Treg cells, which could be used as a prognostic marker to predict disease progression. This imbalance could play a role in the immunopathogenesis of HBV‐related ACLF.
Stereotactic body radiation therapy combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for small hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Honda Yohji , Kimura Tomoki , Aikata Hiroshi , Kobayashi Tomoki , Fukuhara Takayuki , Masaki Keiichi , Nakahara Takashi , Naeshiro Noriaki , Ono Atsushi , Miyaki Daisuke , Nagaoki Yuko , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Takaki Shintaro , Hiramatsu Akira , Ishikawa Masaki , Kakizawa Hideaki , Kenjo Masahiro , Takahashi Shoichi , Awai Kazuo , Nagata Yasushi , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: December 2012

AbstactBackground and AimsTo compare the tumor control and safety of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for small, solitary, and hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with TACE alone.MethodsThree hundred and sixty‐five HCC patients who had solitary, ≤ 3 cm, and hypervascular nodule were treated with TACE. Among them, 30 patients followed by SBRT (SBRT group) and 38 patients without additional therapy and previous HCC treatment (control group) were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Local tumor progression, complication, and disease‐free survival were compared between these groups.ResultsThere was no difference in clinical background between these groups. Complete response to therapy was noted in 29 (96.3%) patients of the SBRT group, and in only one (3.3%) patient of the TACE group (P < 0.001). None of the patients developed acute hematologic toxicity of more than Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Grade 3 during and after the treatment. Furthermore, none of the SBRT group developed radiation‐induced liver damage. Disease‐free survival of the 12 patients without previous HCC treatments in SBRT group was significantly superior to that in control group (15.7 months vs 4.2 months; P = 0.029).ConclusionThe results indicated that SBRT combined with TACE is a safe and effective modality for locoregional treatment of small solitary primary HCC, and could be potentially a suitable option.
Single nucleotide polymorphism rs3732860 in the 3′‐untranslated region of CYP8B1 gene is associated with gallstone disease in Han Chinese
Authors: Qin Jian , Han Tian‐Quan , Yuan Wen‐Tao , Zhang Jing , Fei Jian , Jiang Zhao‐Yan , Niu Zhen‐Min , Zhang Kai‐Yue , Hua Qi , Cai Xing‐Xing , Xu Shi‐Jie , Huang Wei , Zhang Sheng‐Dao 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and AimsGallstone disease (GD) is a common disease of multigenetic origin; however, the major susceptibility loci for GD in human populations remain unidentified. This study aimed to identify the genetic factors contributing to gallstone development in Chinese.MethodsA genome‐wide scan was conducted in 12 Han Chinese GD families to identify linkage loci. The linkage region showing the highest logarithm of odds score encompasses the sterol 12α‐hydroxylase gene (CYP8B1). Replication analysis with an independent sample of 192 GD patients and 192 unrelated, matched controls was carried out to verify the associations between CYP8B1 polymorphisms and GD.ResultsThree loci (D3S1266, D4S406, and D9S1682) showed suggestive or nominal evidence of linkage in all 12 GD families. The logarithm of odds score of D3S1266 reached 2.71 in the families with late‐onset patients. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs3732860 in the 3′‐untranslated region of CYP8B1 showed significant association to GD (P = 0.022), and carriers of the A allele had lower risk of GD (odds ratio = 1.46, 95% confidence interval: 1.055–2.034) compared with carriers of the G allele.ConclusionsThe single nucleotide polymorphism rs3732860 in the 3′‐untranslated region of the CYP8B1 gene is associated with risk of GD in Chinese Han and appears to be responsible for the observed linkage with D3S1266.
Lexicon for the Sensory Description of Australian Native Plant Foods and Ingredients
Authors: Smyth H.E. , Sanderson J.E. , Sultanbawa Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnderstanding and describing “Australian flavor” has proved to be a challenge for marketers of native foods because of the diversity of unique flavor signatures exhibited. Descriptive analysis techniques were applied, using a panel of 11 experienced judges, to define and articulate the sensory properties of 18 key commercial Australian native plant foods and ingredients including fruits, herbs and spices. Quantitative descriptive data were transformed into concise and accurate verbal descriptions for each of the species. The sensory language developed during the vocabulary development panel sessions was combined, categorized and ordered to develop a sensory lexicon specific for the genre. The language developed to describe the foods and ingredients was diverse and distinctly Australian including aromas such as musk, rosella, citrus and spiced tea to eucalypt, bush scrub, fresh beetroot and wheat biscuit.Practical ApplicationsThis work provides a clear, useful means of characterizing and accurately describing the flavors of Australian native plant foods and ingredients. This information has been communicated to the native food industry, chefs, formulators, food technologists and flavor experts, and provides knowledge that will assist the wider food industry to successfully develop flavor blends and produce food products from native food ingredients. It is anticipated that extension of this information to both the local and international food markets will stimulate a renewed interest in Australian native ingredients and open new market opportunities for the industry. The data developed by this research have also formed the basis of quality control targets for emerging native foods and ingredients.
A fresh view of the cell biology of copper in enterobacteria
Authors: Nies Dietrich H. , Herzberg Martin 
Published: December 2012

SummaryCopper ions are essential but also very toxic. Copper resistance in bacteria is based on export of the toxic ion, oxidation fromCu(I)toCu(II), and sequestration by copper‐binding metal chaperones, which deliver copper ions to efflux systems or metal‐binding sites of copper‐requiring proteins. In their publication in this issue,Osmanet al. () demonstrate how tightly copper resistance, homeostasis and delivery pathways are interwoven inSalmonella entericasv.Typhimurium. Copper is transported from the cytoplasm by the twoP‐typeATPasesCopAandGolTto the periplasm and transferred toSodCIIbyCueP, a periplasmic copper chaperone. When copper levels are higher,SodCIIis also able to bind copper without the help ofCueP. This scheme raises the question as to why copper ions present in the growth medium have to make the detour through the cytoplasm. The data presented in the publication byOsmanet al. () change our view of the cell biology of copper in enterobacteria.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells therapy for impaired renal function in small animal models
Authors: Wang Yan , He Juan , Pei Xiaohua , Zhao Weihong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe meta‐analysis of recent small animal experiments of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) therapy for impaired kidney could provide significant clues to design large animal experiments as well as human clinical trials.MethodA total of 21 studies was analyzed. These, were indexed from PubMed and Embase databases. All data were analyzed by RevMan 5.1 and SPSS 17.0. Pooled analysis and multivariable meta‐regression were calculated by random effects models. Heterogeneity and publication bias across the studies were also explored.ResultsPooled analysis showed elevated serum creatinine (Scr) reduction in the animal models of renal failure following MSC therapy. By exploratory multivariable meta‐regression, significant influence factors of Scr reduction were the time point of Scr measurement (early measurement showed greater reduction than the late (P = 0.005)) and the route of MSC delivery (arterial delivery of MSCs caused greater reduction in elevated Scr, when compared with the intra‐renal delivery and intravenous injection (P = 0.040)). Subgroup analysis showed there tended to be greater reduction in Scr with higher MSC number (>106), the renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) model, and late administration (>1 day) after injury.ConclusionThe present meta‐analysis confirmed that MSC therapy could improve impaired renal function. MSCs might get obvious effect in the early stage of renal injuries after arterial delivery. Further, this meta‐analysis may provide important clues for animal experiments even for human clinical trials in MSC studies.
Efficient marker‐assisted backcross conversion of seed‐parent lines to cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Herzog Eva , Frisch Matthias 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor many crops, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a cornerstone of hybrid production. Efficient conversion of elite lines to CMS by marker‐assisted backcrossing is therefore desirable. In contrast to gene introgression, for which donor segments around target genes have to be considered, background selection for CMS conversion focuses solely on recovery of the recurrent parent genome. The optimal selection strategies for CMS conversion will consequently differ from those for gene introgression and have not yet been investigated. The objectives of our study were to evaluate and optimize the resource requirements of CMS conversion programmes and to determine the most cost‐effective use of single‐marker (SM) and high‐throughput (HT) assays for this purpose. We conducted computer simulations for CMS conversion of genetic models of sugar beet, rye, sunflower and rapeseed. CMS conversion required fewer resources than gene introgression with respect to population size, marker data points and number of backcross generations. Combining HT assays in early backcross generations with SM assays in advanced backcross generations further increased the cost‐efficiency of CMS conversion for a broad range of cost ratios.
Analyzing actual risk in malaria‐deferred donors through selective serologic testing
Authors: Nguyen Megan L. , Goff Tami , Gibble Joan , Steele Whitney R. , Leiby David A. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundApproximately 150,000 US blood donors are deferred annually for travel to malaria‐endemic areas. However, the majority do not travel to the high‐risk areas of Africa associated with transfusion‐transmitted malaria (TTM) but visit low‐risk areas such as Mexico. This study tests for Plasmodium infection among malaria‐deferred donors, particularly those visiting Mexico.Study Design and MethodsBlood donors deferred for malaria risk (travel, residence, or previous infection) provided blood samples and completed a questionnaire. Plasma was tested for Plasmodium antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA); repeat‐reactive (RR) samples were considered positive and tested by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Accepted donors provided background testing data.ResultsDuring 2005 to 2011, a total of 5610 malaria‐deferred donors were tested by EIA, including 5412 travel deferrals. Overall, 88 (1.6%) were EIA RR; none were PCR positive. Forty‐nine (55.7%) RR donors previously had malaria irrespective of deferral category, including 34 deferred for travel. Among 1121 travelers to Mexico, 90% visited Quintana Roo (no or very low risk), but just 2.2% visited Oaxaca/Chiapas (moderate or high risk). Only two Mexican travelers tested RR; both previously had malaria not acquired in Mexico.ConclusionsTravel to Mexico represents a large percentage of US donors deferred for malaria risk; however, these donors primarily visit no‐ or very‐low‐risk areas. No malaria cases acquired in Mexico were identified thereby supporting previous risk estimates. Consideration should be given to allowing blood donations from US donors who travel to Quintana Roo and other low‐risk areas in Mexico. A more effective approach to preventing TTM would be to defer all donors with a history of malaria, even if remote.
The tangent complex and Hochschild cohomology of -rings
Authors: Francis John 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this work, we study the deformation theory of${\mathcal {E}}_n$-rings and the${\mathcal {E}}_n$analogue of the tangent complex, or topological André–Quillen cohomology. We prove a generalization of a conjecture of Kontsevich, that there is a fiber sequence$A[n-1] \rightarrow T_A\rightarrow {\mathrm {HH}}^*_{{\mathcal {E}}_{n}}\!(A)[n]$, relating the${\mathcal {E}}_n$-tangent complex and${\mathcal {E}}_n$-Hochschild cohomology of an${\mathcal {E}}_n$-ring$A$. We give two proofs: the first is direct, reducing the problem to certain stable splittings of configuration spaces of punctured Euclidean spaces; the second is more conceptual, where we identify the sequence as the Lie algebras of a fiber sequence of derived algebraic groups,$B^{n-1}A^\times \rightarrow {\mathrm {Aut}}_A\rightarrow {\mathrm {Aut}}_{{\mathfrak B}^n\!A}$. Here${\mathfrak B}^n\!A$is an enriched$(\infty ,n)$-category constructed from$A$, and${\mathcal {E}}_n$-Hochschild cohomology is realized as the infinitesimal automorphisms of${\mathfrak B}^n\!A$. These groups are associated to moduli problems in${\mathcal {E}}_{n+1}$-geometry, a less commutative form of derived algebraic geometry, in the sense of the work of Toën and Vezzosi and the work of Lurie. Applying techniques of Koszul duality, this sequence consequently attains a nonunital${\mathcal {E}}_{n+1}$-algebra structure; in particular, the shifted tangent complex$T_A[-n]$is a nonunital${\mathcal {E}}_{n+1}$-algebra. The${\mathcal {E}}_{n+1}$-algebra structure of this sequence extends the previously known${\mathcal {E}}_{n+1}$-algebra structure on${\mathrm {HH}}^*_{{\mathcal {E}}_{n}}\!(A)$, given in the higher Deligne conjecture. In order to establish this moduli-theoretic interpretation, we make extensive use of factorization homology, a homology theory for framed$n$-manifolds with coefficients given by${\mathcal {E}}_n$-algebras, constructed as a topological analogue of Beilinson and Drinfeld’s chiral homology. We give a separate exposition of this theory, developing the necessary results used in our proofs.