bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coblending of seismic attributes for interpretation of channel geometries in Rence Field of Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Chinwuko Augustine Ifeanyi , Onwuemesi Ajana Godwin , Anakwuba Emmanuel Kenechukwu , Onyekwelu Clement Udenna , Okeke Harold Chinedu , Obiadi Izuchukwu Ignatius 
Published: July 2015

Coblending of seismic attributes is used in the interpretation of channel geometries in the Rence Field of Niger Delta, Nigeria. We aimed at seismically defining the geometries of hydrocarbon reservoirs with particular emphasis on channels in the shallow marine (offshore) Niger Delta. The coblending application enhanced the ease of detection and the continuity of the channels, leaving the channel environs unchanged. The result of the seismic facies analysis revealed that the Rence Field can be distinguished into two seismic facies, namely, layered complexes and chaotic complexes. The result of well to seismic ties revealed high- and low-amplitude reflection events for sand and shale units, respectively. Seismic structural interpretation of the Rence Field revealed 4 major regional faults and 12 minor faults. Seven of the faults were antithetic, and the rest were synthetic faults. One mega-channel feature that trends east–west was identified in the attribute maps generated. It was characterized by sinuosity of 1.3, with a length of 22,500 m, and a distance of 17,500 m. The average depth of the channel was approximately 170 m with amplitude of 1670 m and the wavelength as high as 7640 m. A depositional model generated from the attribute maps indicated a prograding fluvial environment of deposition. The attribute map also determined that there was shifting in the location of barrier bars within the area. This shifting could be attributed to the growth fault mechanism. At the stoss side of the sinusoidal channel, there were prominent sand point bar sequences. The petrophysical analysis of the well data revealed 90% net-to-gross, 28% porosity, 27% volume of shale, and 24% water saturation indicating that the reservoir was of pay quality. Based on the petrophysical analysis, results, and identification of channel deposits, the study area proved highly promising for hydrocarbon exploration.
Flight-motor-driven respiratory airflow increases tracheal oxygen to nearly atmospheric level in blowflies (Calliphora vicina)
Authors: Wasserthal Lutz T. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIt is widely accepted that an efficient oxygen supply and removal of CO2 in small flying insects are sufficiently performed by diffusion with open spiracles. This paper shows that in the tethered flying blowfly, gas exchange occurs by autoventilation and unidirectional airflow. The air is inspired through the mesothoracic spiracles (Sp1) during the downstroke of the wings and is expired through the metathoracic spiracles (Sp2) during the upstroke. This directed airflow through the thoracic tracheal system was documented by pre-atrial pressure measurements at the Sp1 and Sp2, revealing a sub-atmospheric mean pressure at the Sp1 and an over-atmospheric mean pressure at the Sp2. In the mesothoracic air sacs, the mean pressure is sub-atmospheric, conditioned by the only slightly open spiracles. In a split flow-through chamber experiment, the CO2 released through the Sp2 confirmed this unidirectional respiratory gas flow, implicating an inner tracheal valve. In the thoracic tracheal system, the PO2 during flight exceeds the high resting PO2 by 1–2 kPa, reaching nearly atmospheric values. In the abdominal large air sacs, the PO2 drops during flight, probably due to the accumulation of CO2. Periodic heartbeat reversals continue during flight, with a higher period frequency than at rest, supporting the transport of CO2 via the haemolymph towards the metathoracic tracheae and abdominal air sacs.
Pre-Treatment of Calcium Carbonate with Meso Tartaric Acid to Induce Acid Resistant Surface Coatings
Authors: Work Sarah N. , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B. 
Published: July 2015

Hypothesis Depending upon the matrix composition near a CO2 injection well, the mineralogy may be acid soluble. This study presents a discussion on the expected changes to the near well bore mineralogy in carbonate formations. A tartaric acid pre-wash is tested to determine if it can prevent dissolution of the matrix in an acidic environment. Experiments Calcium carbonate, ground and sieved to about 250μm, was used to study the impact of acidified (pH∼3) brine on carbonate formation material similar to near well bore conditions. The calcite was tested in stirred batch systems (at atmospheric conditions of 1 atm and approximately 25°C) in solutions containing 0.015, 0.08, and 0.15M meso tartaric acid. One experiment also involved gas phase CO2 being sparged in the solution to generate an elevated CO2 content environment. pH was monitored to determine extent of dissolution that occurred; these results were verified by solution composition and SEM images of the calcite grains. Findings The results of batch experiments conducted herein show that a meso tartaric acid at 3 pH will form a coating over the calcite in-situ, dramatically reducing the overall dissolution of the carbonate mineral, even at extremely sub-saturated conditions. SEM images and aqueous analysis show the fastest layer formation at the highest tested concentration of 0.15 M meso tartaric acid, with similar but less inhibition observed at 0.08M and 0.015M treatment levels. The calcite saturation index was about SI= −10, while calcium tartrate SI was 0; this confirms that the system was in equilibrium with the precipitated calcium tartrate while highly subsaturated with calcite.
Voltage-gated sodium channel as a target for metastatic risk reduction with re-purposed drugs
Authors: Koltai Tomas 
Published: July 2015

Objective: To determine the exact role of sodium channel proteins in migration, invasion and metastasis and understand the possible anti-invasion and anti-metastatic activity of repurposed drugs with voltage gated sodium channel blocking properties.Material and methods: A review of the published medical literature was performed searching for pharmaceuticals used in daily practice, with inhibitory activity on voltage gated sodium channels. For every drug found, the literature was reviewed in order to define if it may act against cancer cells as an anti-invasion and anti-metastatic agent and if it was tested with this purpose in the experimental and clinical settings.Results: The following pharmaceuticals that fulfill the above mentioned effects, were found: phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, ranolazine, resveratrol, ropivacaine, lidocaine, mexiletine, flunarizine, and riluzole. Each of them are independently described and analyzed.Conclusions: The above mentioned pharmaceuticals have shown anti-metastatic and anti-invasion activity and many of them deserve to be tested in well-planned clinical trials as adjunct therapies for solid tumors and as anti-metastatic agents. Antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin, carbamazepine and valproate and the vasodilator flunarizine emerged as particularly useful for anti-metastatic purposes.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Japanese Encephalitis
Authors: Sengupta Nabonita , Mukherjee Sriparna , Tripathi Piyush , Kumar Rashmi , Suryawanshi Amol Ratnakar , Basu Anirban 
Published: July 2015

Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a group of central nervous system (CNS) disorders caused by a wide range of viruses, bacteria, fungi, chemicals and toxins. It is important to distinguish between various forms of infectious encephalitis with similar clinical manifestations in order to ensure specific and accurate diagnosis and development of subsequent therapeutic strategies. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in direct contact with the CNS and hence it is considered to be an excellent source for identifying biomarkers for various neurological disorders. With the recent advancement in proteomic methodologies, the field of biomarker research has received a remarkable boost. The present study identifies potential biomarkers for JE using a proteomics based approach. The CSF proteomes from ten patients each with JE and Non-JE acute encephalitis were analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), fibrinogen gamma chain, fibrinogen beta chain, complement C4-B, complement C3 and cytoplasmic actin were found to be significantly elevated in case of JE indicating severe disruption of the blood brain barrier and DBP can be suggested to be an important diagnostic marker.
Extraction of polymeric materials from municipal solid waste and their utilization
Authors: Доронкина Ирина , Doronkina Irina , Шубов Лазарь , Shubov Lazar , Борисова Оксана , Borisova Oksana 
Published: July 2015

The main effect in solving the problem of municipal solid waste (MSW) gives extraction or preventing the ingress in them secondary material resources (SMR). Ones of the main valuable components falling in the MSW are polymeric wastes. Their content in the MSW is about 10%, and 40% are accounted for the polymeric films. Entering of polymeric materials in the environment leads to its significant pollution because in vivo the plastic waste is not decomposed and not degraded over many decades.
The authors considered some ways to recycle plastic waste and noted that for the extraction of polymeric materials from MSW are most appropriate methods of separation, that isn´t connected with changes in the aggregate state of the plastics in the process of separation.
It was shown experimentally that the best results of polymeric films extraction from the flow of solid waste provides a combination of two enrichment processes - aeroseparation and electrical separation. As the parameters optimization of the separation process of the polymeric films used technological criteria (a combination of the basic parameters of enrichment), and as a method to study the process - mathematical modeling.
The authors noted the methods of intensification of the enrichment processes and control the physical properties of the components of separated composition of materials, and it is reported that in the various methods electrical separation had been used strong electric fields and thus a high voltage.
The dependences of the specific electrical resistance of the samples of waste paper and polymeric film from moisture and curves of ability for enrichment of these components with aeroseparation in different conditions and indicators of their enrichment are shown in the article.
Gender Features of Time Allocation, Gender Stereotypes and Labour Supply
Authors: Arnania-Kepuladze Tamila 
Published: July 2015

Securing the well-being, protection of human rights and equality on the ground of age, gender, race, nationality etc along with sustainable economic development becomes the most important goal for any country. Gender differences in labor market are a problem of many countries. Being a larger demographic group, women have played a vital role in employment and economic development. Despite longstanding striving for gender equality, the inequality manifests itself in labor markets around the world. There is no common opinion on the reasons of the existence of gender differences in economic literature. After decades of research most investigators would agree that there can be no single-factor explanation for gender inequality in the labor market. One of the conventional explanations of gender gap in employment sphere includes the differences in men’s and women’s preferences in working hours due their stereotypical roles in the private and public life. This paper is focused on the study of gender feature of time allocation and its impact on the labor supply by men and women. For this purpose, based on the different types of activity, particular: income getting or in­co­me increasing promote activity, non-monetary inco­me obtain activity, income-make activity, non-income-make activity, indirect-receipts activity, the author introduces the time allocation model which includes parameters such as working time, leisure, non-working time, using time, free time and time for satisfying an individual’s physiological needs. For the attribution of different types of practice to certain kinds of activity the “principle of dominant purpose of activity” was offered. According to given time allocation model, the pattern of features of labor supply by men and women is offered in the paper.
The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion
Authors: Goel Sharad , Anderson Ashton , Hofman Jake , Watts Duncan J. 
Published: July 2015

Viral products and ideas are intuitively understood to grow through a person-to-person diffusion process analogous to the spread of an infectious disease; however, until recently it has been prohibitively difficult to directly observe purportedly viral events, and thus to rigorously quantify or characterize their structural properties. Here we propose a formal measure of what we label “structural virality” that interpolates between two conceptual extremes: content that gains its popularity through a single, large broadcast and that which grows through multiple generations with any one individual directly responsible for only a fraction of the total adoption. We use this notion of structural virality to analyze a unique data set of a billion diffusion events on Twitter, including the propagation of news stories, videos, images, and petitions. We find that across all domains and all sizes of events, online diffusion is characterized by surprising structural diversity; that is, popular events regularly grow via both broadcast and viral mechanisms, as well as essentially all conceivable combinations of the two. Nevertheless, we find that structural virality is typically low, and remains so independent of size, suggesting that popularity is largely driven by the size of the largest broadcast. Finally, we attempt to replicate these findings with a model of contagion characterized by a low infection rate spreading on a scale-free network. We find that although several of our empirical findings are consistent with such a model, it fails to replicate the observed diversity of structural virality, thereby suggesting new directions for future modeling efforts.This paper was accepted by Lorin Hitt, information systems.
A collaborative project to enhance efficiency through dressing change practice
Authors: Joy H. , Bielby A. , Searle R. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: A collaborative project between Hull CHCP and Smith and Nephew wound management, which sought to enhance practice efficiency, specifically in relation to the optimisation of dressing change frequency. The project involved the use of a new foam dressing (Allevyn Life, Smith & Nephew, Hull) designed to manage wound exudate more effectively, be more acceptable to patients by masking staining of the dressing surface, and to provide both the patient and clinical staff with an indicator for dressing change. Method: The project comprised a targeted programme of training and education to promote appropriate use of the new product and encourage practice change in dressing change frequency. The frequency of nursing visits, dressing changes and, where applicable, the reasons for a dressing change were documented pre- and post-implementation to determine the effect of this approach. Results: Switching to the new dressing was accompanied by a reduction in dressing change visit frequency in 97.3% (36/37) of patients. The mean reduction in dressing change frequency was 1.8 visits per week, representing a 50.0% reduction. Post-implementation the mean number of dressings used per patient per dressing change had fallen from 2.1 at baseline to 1.1 (a 47.6% reduction). Furthermore, at baseline an average of 9.8 dressings were used per week per patient. This fell to an average of 2.0 dressings per week per patient following implementation, a reduction in dressings per patient of 79.6%. Conclusion: The results illustrate that a much less complex approach to the use of dressing products can be achieved. Furthermore, they demonstrate that with the adoption of advanced practice-enhancing products, coupled with appropriate training, education and effective promotion of practice change, valuable nursing time can be released.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Noninvasive Genotyping of EGFR in Lung Cancer Patients by Deep Sequencing of Plasma Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Uchida Junji , Kato Kikuya , Kukita Yoji , Kumagai Toru , Nishino Kazumi , Daga Haruko , Nagatomo Izumi , Inoue Takako , Kimura Madoka , Oba Shigeyuki , Ito Yuri , Takeda Koji , Imamura Fumio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Genotyping of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) mutations is indispensable for making therapeutic decisions regarding whether to use EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for lung cancer. Because some cases might pose challenges for biopsy, noninvasive genotyping of EGFR in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) would be beneficial for lung cancer treatment.

METHODS
We developed a detection system for EGFR mutations in ctDNA by use of deep sequencing of plasma DNA. Mutations were searched in &gt;100 000 reads obtained from each exon region. Parameters corresponding to the limit of detection and limit of quantification were used as the thresholds for mutation detection. We conducted a multi-institute prospective study to evaluate the detection system, enrolling 288 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.

RESULTS
In evaluating the performance of the detection system, we used the genotyping results from biopsy samples as a comparator: diagnostic sensitivity for exon 19 deletions, 50.9% (95% CI 37.9%–63.9%); diagnostic specificity for exon 19 deletions, 98.0% (88.5%–100%); sensitivity for the L858R mutation, 51.9% (38.7%–64.9%); and specificity for L858R, 94.1% (83.5%–98.6%). The overall sensitivities were as follows: all cases, 54.4% (44.8%–63.7%); stages IA–IIIA, 22.2% (11.5%–38.3%); and stages IIIB–IV, 72.7% (60.9%–82.1%).

CONCLUSIONS
Deep sequencing of plasma DNA can be used for genotyping of EGFR in lung cancer patients. In particular, the high specificity of the system may enable a direct recommendation for EGFR-TKI on the basis of positive results with plasma DNA. Because sensitivity was low in early-stage NSCLC, the detection system is preferred for stage IIIB–IV NSCLC.
Cobertura televisiva da corrupção em anos eleitorais: uma análise do enquadramento do caso petrolão nos noticiários de emissoras pública e comercial
Authors: Coutinho Iluska , Filho José Tarcísio Oliveira 
Published: July 2015

Meio de acesso à informação de significativa parcela da população brasileira, atelevisão ofereceria, por meio de seus telejornais, formas de acompanhamento do mundo e da política aos telespetadores, cidadãos. Se ao jornalismo caberia o papel de atuar como monitor independente, a proposta é analisar em que medida a cobertura televisiva da corrupção estaria estruturada sob a dimensão do escândalo, em anos eleitorais. A reflexão toma como objeto de análise a veiculação do caso Petrolão na mídia brasileira durante o segundo turno das eleições presidenciais de 2014. A cobertura midiática do escândalo, que começou no primeiro semestre daquele ano e envolveu a corrupção na petrolífera estatal Petrobrás, teve a repercussão ampliada diante da divulgação dos depoimentos do ex‑diretor de abastecimento da empresa, Paulo Roberto Costa, e doleiro Alberto Youssef duas semanas antes da votação do segundo turno. A análise da produção audiovisual veiculada tem como procedimento metodológico a análise de conteúdo, associada à dramaturgia do telejornalismo, utilizadas de modo a evidenciar as diferenças e semelhanças qualitativas e quantitativas nas coberturas no noticiário de uma emissora pública, o Repórter Brasil, da TV Brasil, e no de uma TV Comercial, o Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo.
Risk factors affecting the development of nephrocalcinosis, the most common complication of hypophosphatemic rickets
Authors: Keskin Melikşah , Savaş-Erdeve Şenay , Sağsak Elif , Çetinkaya Semra , Aycan Zehra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to analyse the effects of combined treatment with calcitriol and phosphate, to find out the incidence of the nephrocalcinosis, and to elucidate the risk factor of nephrocalcinosis in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. We followed six patients. The median age at diagnosis was 3.25 (0.75–10.5) years. The median follow-up duration was 8.25 (3.5–12.5) years. The mean dose of calcitriol and phosphate treatments was 39.1±8 ng/kg/day, 90.5±57.1 mg/kg/day, respectively. Nephrocalcinosis was detected in three patients (50%). The mean dose of phosphate taken by the patients found to have nephrocalcinosis was detected to be high with a statistically significant difference (p=0.041). No significant relationship was found the mean dose of calcitriol. We found no relationship between the development of nephrocalcinosis and the incidence of hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia episodes. We found the increased phosphate dose administered for treatment to play a role in nephrocalcinosis development.
Curvature Concentrations on the HIV-1 Capsid
Authors: Liu Jiangguo , Sadre-Marandi Farrah , Tavener Simon , Chen Chaoping 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
It is known that the retrovirus capsids possess a fullerene-like structure. These caged polyhedral
arrangements are built entirely from hexagons and exactly 12 pentagons according to the Euler theorem. Viral
capsids are composed of capsid proteins, which create the hexagon and pentagon shapes by groups of six
(hexamer) and five (pentamer) proteins. Different distributions of these 12 pentamers result in icosahedral,
tubular, or conical shaped capsids. These pentamer clusters introduce declination and hence curvature on
the capsids. This paper provides explicit and quantitative characterization of curvature on virus capsids. The
concept of curvature concentration is also introduced. For the HIV (5,7)-cone, it is shown that the curvature
concentration at the narrow end is about at least four times higher than that at the broad end. Our modeling
results about curvature concentrations on HIV-1 capsids echo the results in the literature that the pentamers
are in the regions with the highest stress, although the connection between the two approaches (curvature
concentration and stress) is to be explored. This also leads to a conjecture that “HIV-1 capsid narrow end may
close last during maturation but open first during entry into a host cell".
Crystal structure of bis(N,N,N-triethylammonium) bis(tetraselenido-κ2Se1,Se4)palladate(II), C12H32N2PdSe8
Authors: Kim Kang-Woo , Kim Jinhee 
Published: July 2015

Abstract C12H32N2PdSe8, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 17.493(3) Å, b = 8.109(1) Å, c = 17.326(2) Å, V = 2457.6 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0270, wRref(F2) = 0.0565, T = 173 K.
Damping and vibration characteristics of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Bulut Mehmet , Bozkurt Ömer Yavuz , Erkliğ Ahmet 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Damping and vibration characteristics of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid composites with different basalt/aramid fiber mixing ratios were investigated. Unidirectional basalt and twill weave aramid fibers were used as reinforcement. Non-hybrid basalt/epoxy and aramid/epoxy composite laminates were also fabricated for comparison. Dynamic characteristics of the composite laminates were determined experimentally using dynamic modal analysis. Damping properties were calculated with the logarithmic decrement method using a vibration response envelope curve. Loss modulus, storage modulus and damping ratio of the structures were also considered. It was observed that the results of hybrid configurations showed a distribution between non-hybrid basalt/epoxy and aramid/epoxy composites. Furthermore, the employment of aramid fibers in composite laminates enhances the damping properties of laminates, but reduces the strength values.