bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bovine and fish gelatin in combination with microbial transglutaminase on gel properties of threadfin bream surimi
Authors: Kaewudom Pimchanok , Benjakul Soottawat , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Textural property of surimi products is a prime factor in determining the acceptability of consumer as well as market value. Gelatin is one of the most popular biopolymers widely used in food industry as gelling agent with the unique textural properties. Therefore, the addition of gelatin along with the use of protein cross-linkers could be a means to modify the texture of surimi gel, which can fit the demand of consumers. Surimi from the threadfin bream (Nemipterus bleekeri) was added with bovine gelatin (BG) and bovine/fish gelatin mix (BFGM; 1:1, 2:1, 1:2, 4:1, and 1:4) at 10% protein substitution in combination with and without microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) at 1.2 units/g surimi. Textural properties, whiteness, expressible moisture content, protein pattern, and microstructure and sensory properties of gels were determined. When MTGase at 1.2 units/g surimi was incorporated, the increases in breaking force and deformation were noticeable in both surimi gels, with and without 10% BG added ( p < 0.05). On the other hand, surimi gels added with BFGM at all bovine/fish gelatin ratios had the higher breaking force and deformation, compared with that added with BG, when MTGase was incorporated. Addition of BG or BFGM lowered the expressible moisture content and whiteness of surimi gel ( p < 0.05). Based on SDS-PAGE, band intensity of myosin heavy chain and actin of surimi gel decreased when surimi gel was added with all gelatins, regardless of MTGase addition. The microstructure study revealed that surimi gel network became finer and denser with the addition of MTGase (1.2 units/g surimi), but the coarser and irregular structure was obtained when gelatin was incorporated. Gelatin, especially bovine/fish gelatin mix, at an appropriate level could be used as the protein additive in surumi gel in conjunction with MTGase in order to improve the textural and nutritive properties of the products.
Validation of a transparent decision model to rate drug interactions
Authors: Far Elmira , Curkovic Ivanka , Byrne Kelly , Roos Malgorzata , Egloff Isabelle , Dietrich Michael , Kirch Wilhelm , Kullak-Ublick Gerd-A , Egbring Marco 
Published: August 2012

Abstract

Background
Multiple databases provide ratings of drug-drug interactions. The ratings are often based on different criteria and lack background information on the decision making process. User acceptance of rating systems could be improved by providing a transparent decision path for each category.

Methods
We rated 200 randomly selected potential drug-drug interactions by a transparent decision model developed by our team. The cases were generated from ward round observations and physicians’ queries from an outpatient setting. We compared our ratings to those assigned by a senior clinical pharmacologist and by a standard interaction database, and thus validated the model.

Results
The decision model rated consistently with the standard database and the pharmacologist in 94 and 156 cases, respectively. In two cases the model decision required correction. Following removal of systematic model construction differences, the DM was fully consistent with other rating systems.

Conclusion
The decision model reproducibly rates interactions and elucidates systematic differences. We propose to supply validated decision paths alongside the interaction rating to improve comprehensibility and to enable physicians to interpret the ratings in a clinical context.
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein specific antibodies are pathogenic
Authors: Geng Hui , Nandakumar Kutty Selva , Pramhed Anna , Aspberg Anders , Mattsson Ragnar , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a major non-collagenous component of cartilage. Earlier, we developed a new mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis using COMP. This study was undertaken to investigate the epitope specificity and immunopathogenicity of COMP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs).

Methods
B cell immunodominant regions on the COMP molecule were measured with a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mammalian expressed full-length mouse COMP as well as a panel of recombinant mouse COMP fragments. 18 mAbs specific to COMP were generated and the pathogenicity of mAbs was investigated by passive transfer experiments.

Results
B cell immunodominant epitopes were localized within 4 antigenic domains of the COMP but with preferential response to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain. Some of our anti-COMP mAbs showed interactions with the native form of COMP, which is present in cartilage and synovium. Passive transfer of COMP-specific mAbs enhanced arthritis when co-administrated with a sub-arthritogenic dose of a mAb specific to collagen type II. Interestingly, we found that a combination of 5 COMP mAbs was capable of inducing arthritis in naive mice.

Conclusions
We have identified the specificities of mAbs to COMP and their contribution to the development of arthritis. These findings will further improve our understanding of the autoantibody mediated immunopathologies occurring widely in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in other autoimmune disorders.
Middle Triassic chirotherid trackways on earthquake influenced intertidal limulid reproduction flats of the European Germanic Basin coasts
Authors: Diedrich Cajus 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Chirotherid footprints of Synaptichnium, Chirotherium and Isochirotherium appeared during the late Early (Aegean) to early Late (Carnian) Triassic in central Europe. These taxa are partly revised herein, using both perfect and variably preserved tracks, and very long trackways from an upper Pelsonian intertidal-flat megatracksite of the Germanic Basin coast Pelsonian (Karlstadt Formation). The global Middle Triassic distribution of those footprints suggests seasonal migrations across Pangaea of possible archosauriform reptile trackmakers, such as Euparkeria, Ticinosuchus, Arizonasaurus and Batrachotomus, caused by horseshoe-crab mass migrations into tidal-flat beach reproductive zones in the Germanic Basin. Such seasonal migrations may even suggest a Pangaea-wide food-chain reaction, possibly including the mobilization of fish, marine and terrestrial reptiles, and of which situation the Germanic Basin intertidal-flats is a globally unique example.
Factors Influencing Survival of Female Elk in a Harvested Population
Authors: Conard Jonathan M. , Sandercock Brett K. , Gipson Philip S. , Ballard Warren B. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Understanding the influence of management actions and environmental conditions on demographic vital rates is important for effective conservation and management of wildlife populations. We used radio-telemetry to monitor annual and seasonal survival of 34 female elk Cervus elaphus at Fort Riley, Kansas in a 3.5-y field study (November 2003 to February 2007). We modeled the relationship between individual and environmental covariates and survival rates of female elk. We observed eight mortalities, and harvest was the primary cause of mortality in our study population. Annual survival rates of female elk in Kansas (0.76) were similar to other harvested populations of elk. Among the candidate model set, models that included age as a covariate were most supported. Parameter estimates from top models provided support for a slight negative relationship between age and survival. Monthly survival estimates during hunting season declined with age from 0.98 for 1.5-y-old females to 0.80 for 16.5-y-old females.
Continuity of Convolution of Test Functions on Lie Groups
Authors: Birth Lidia , Glöckner Helge 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFor a Lie group G, we show that the map taking a pair of test functions to their convolution, is continuous if and only if G is σ-compact. More generally, consider with t ≤ r + s, locally convex spaces E1, E2 and a continuous bilinear map b : E1 × E2 → F to a complete locally convex space F. Let be the associated convolution map. The main result is a characterization of those (G; r; s; t; b) for which β is continuous. Convolution of compactly supported continuous functions on a locally compact group is also discussed as well as convolution of compactly supported L1-functions and convolution of compactly supported Radon measures.
Indagações sobre o conhecimento no campo da educação
Authors: Moraes Maria Célia M. de 
Published: August 2012

A proposta do artigo é levantar a denúncia de que o conhecimento e a ciência estão sob ameaça, notadamente as ciências humanas e sociais, e formular a crítica de que o atual contexto de ceticismo epistemológico e de relativismo ontológico compromete a capacidade de as ciências superarem suas próprias antinomias, tanto no plano explanatório como no do enfrentamento prático de seus problemas. O artigo retoma a frase “a teoria tem consequências” e argumenta que a teoria pode acentuar o ceticismo generalizado sobre o conhecimento, a verdade e a justiça, tornando-os sem sentido e introduzindo uma boa dose de irracionalismo e niilismo. Em seu lado positivo, a teoria pode oferecer as bases racionais e críticas para desnudar a lógica do discurso que, ao mesmo tempo em que afirma a centralidade da educação, elabora a pragmática construção de epistemologias da prática condizentes com os paradigmas que referenciam pesquisas, reformas, planos e propostas para a educação brasileira e latino-americana. A base teórica do texto é o realismo crítico e a Ontologia crítica de Lukács e Bhaskar.
A Ciência e a produção de conhecimento na pesquisa educacional: contribuições de Maria Célia Marcondes de Moraes
Authors: Torriglia Patricia Laura , Duarte Newton 
Published: August 2012

O presente texto apresenta alguns pontos relevantes acerca dos problemas da ciência e da produção de conhecimento em Educação assinalados em diferentes obras escritas pela Dra. Maria Célia Marcondes de Moraes. Diversos problemas teóricos preocuparam a autora, em especial, o do ceticismo vigente e as profundas contradições nas quais os sentidos e conceitos – que significam movimentos teórico-práticos do real – se apresentam com sutis e marcadas inversões impactando o campo e a pesquisa educacional. Com base em uma perspectiva ontológica materialista e crítica Moraes indagou e aprofundou estas questões, e em especial, discutiu o papel do ser educação em sua máxima expressão.
E. P. Thompson e a pesquisa em Ciências Sociais
Authors: Moraes Maria Célia Marcondes de , Müller Ricardo Gaspar 
Published: August 2012

E. P. Thompson desenvolveu um importan- te diálogo entre as Ciências Sociais ao incorporar em suas pesquisas históricas categorias sociológicas e ao criticar as tendências funcionalistas de ambas as disciplinas, a Sociologia e a História. Seu método para analisar a formação da classe trabalhadora representa uma crítica simultânea às leis e regras metodológicas de historiado- res sociais e sociólogos conservadores, funcionalistas e marxistas ortodoxos. A atualidade da obra de Thompson reside no fato de que seu pensamento é uma defesa da razão e dos fundamentos ontológicos do real, um forte contraponto ao ceticismo epistemológico, à visão relativista que nega a possibi-lidade do conhecimento objetivo e ao anti-realismo correntes. As proposições thompsonianas têm a disciplina histórica como refe- rência e orientam a reflexão acerca da pesquisa sociológica e das questões político-sociais contemporâneas. Assim, os objetos da pesquisa sociológica, sem perder seu caráter específico, só ganham inteligibilidade se forem compreendidos em seu movi- mento histórico. É esta percepção de pesquisa que baliza os argumentos do artigo e reconhece Thompson como um inter-locutor privilegiado.
Toward a New Elitism
Authors: Skaggs Steven , Hausman Carl R. 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Recent decades have seen a flattening of the playing field in terms of the arts. The rise of popular culture programs in universities is one of the by-products of this attitude, which rejects the traditional hierarchical status of arts by genre. However, something vital is lost in that little attention is paid to the experiential aspects of encountering a work of art. This paper argues for the reestablishment of a certain cultural verticality with respect to works of art. We suggest that this hierarchy should be relative to a work’s ability to engender what we call "elite experience." After putting forward an account of our conception of a work and a work of art, the paper outlines four levels of experience, the last two of which are aesthetic. The ultimate aesthetic experience is rare and universally appreciated–thereby deserving of the label "elite"–although the kinds of art works that engender it in a given person may be quite divergent. The resulting hierarchy is therefore one of experiential types rather than groups of people, social class, or historical tradition. The article concludes by making comparisons and drawing distinctions between our approach and several well-known lines of aesthetic argument that have come before.
Ethicism and Immoral Cognitivism: Gaut versus Kieran on Art and Morality
Authors: Sauchelli Andrea 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Berys Gaut has recently defended a theory according to which a moral defect of a work of art represents an aesthetic defect of the work itself. This theory, called ethicism, has been criticized by Matthew Kieran, who argued that, on the contrary, in certain cases moral defects can increase the artistic value of artworks. In this essay I clarify the main points of the debate and claim that Gaut’s defense of his theory is not convincing.
Screening Test Results Associated With Cancer Diagnoses in 287 Women With Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Li Zaibo , Austin R. Marshall , Guo Ming , Zhao Chengquan 
Published: August 2012

Context.—The limitations of newer cervical screening tests are still being studied.Objective.—To investigate those limitations, we conducted a retrospective review of 287 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).Design.—A search through 5 years of records identified 287 women with cervical SCC diagnoses. Clinical history, histopathology, and liquid-based cytology (ThinPrep) and Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) results were documented. Polymerase chain reaction HPV tests were performed on SCC tissues with prior negative HC2 results.Results.—Of 287 women, 156 (54.4%) had abnormal cytology results, and 75 (26.1%) had abnormal clinical findings triggering tissue diagnoses of SCC. Among 156 patients with abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) test results, more-seriously abnormal Pap test results were reported in 142 women (91.1%). Among 31 women with Pap and HC2 HPV cotesting within 1 year of SCC diagnoses, 28 (90%) were Pap+/HPV+, 2 (15.5%) were Pap+/HPV−, and 1 (3%) was Pap−/HPV−. Two of 3 women with negative HC2 results before SCC diagnosis had abnormal Pap results; 1 had negative Pap reports with questionable lesional cells mimicking atrophy. In all 3 cases of SCC with negative HC2 results, HPV-18 was detected; in 2 cases (66%), HPV-16 was also detected.Conclusions.—Although abnormal cytology preceded most SCC diagnoses, about one-third of patients were referred for diagnostic testing because of clinical suspicion alone. Among 31 SCC cases with liquid-based cytology and high-risk HPV cotest results less than 1 year before SCC diagnoses, 2 patients (6.5%) had Pap+/HPV− results, and 1 patient (3.2%) had Pap−/HPV− results. Polymerase chain reaction detected high-risk HPV DNA in tumor tissues of 3 SCC cases with recent HC2− results.
Fluorescence‐Tagged Gold Nanoparticles for Rapidly Characterizing the Size‐Dependent Biodistribution in Tumor Models
Authors: Chou Leo Y. T. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNanoparticle vehicles may improve the delivery of contrast agents and therapeutics to diseased tissues, but their rational design is currently impeded by a lack of robust technologies to characterize their in vivo behavior in real‐time. This study demonstrates that fluorescent‐labeled gold nanoparticles can be optimized for in vivo detection, perform pharmacokinetic analysis of nanoparticle designs, analyze tumor extravasation, and clearance kinetics in tumor‐bearing animals. This optical imaging approach is non‐invasive and high‐throughput. Interestingly, these fluorescent gold nanoparticles can be used for multispectral imaging to compare several nanoparticle designs simultaneously within the same animal and eliminates the host‐dependent variabilities across measured data. Together these results describe a novel platform for evaluating the performance of tumor‐targeting nanoparticles, and provide new insights for the design of future nanotherapeutics.
New Routes to Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Their Related Applications
Authors: Zhu Yu , James Dustin K. , Tour James M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRecent research has focused upon the growth of the graphene, with a concentration on the synthesis of graphene and related materials using both solution processes and high temperature chemical vapor and solid growth methods. Protocols to prepare high aspect ratio graphene nanoribbons from multi‐walled carbon nanotubes have been developed as well as techniques to grow high quality graphene for electronics and other applications where high quality is needed. Graphene materials have been manipulated and modified for use in applications such as transparent electrodes, field effect transistors, thin film transistors and energy storage devices. This review summarizes the development of graphene and related materials.
Gas Flow Sputtering of Catalyst Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Vasic Stanislav , Günther Bernd H. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDas Gasfluss‐Sputtern (GFS) bei erhöhten Prozessdrücken führt zur Bildung von nanoskaligen Partikeln des gesputterten Materials. Dieser Prozess wurde hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit zur Synthese von Katalysatorschichten aus Pt für Polymer‐Elektrolytmembran‐Brennstoffzellen (PEMFC) untersucht. Schichten verschiedener Pt‐Beladungen wurden zunächst direkt auf Kohlefaserpapieren (Gasdiffusionslagen, GDLs) abgeschieden. Unmittelbar danach wurde die katalytische Eignung der Pt‐Schichten mittels H2‐Oxidation bei vorgegebenen H2/O2‐Verhältnissen untersucht. Die beschichteten GDLs wurden anschließend unter typischen PEMFC‐Betriebsbedingungen getestet.
Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties of Amide‐Linked Phthalocyanine‐Fullerene Dyad
Authors: Zhao Haiying , Liu Zhibo , Zhang Xiaoliang , Tian Jianguo , Chen Chen , Zhu Yizhou , Zheng Jianyu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA new amide‐linked phthalocyanine‐fullerene dyad ZnPc‐C60 was synthesized and characterized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the ZnPc‐C60 dyad were investigated. The fluorescence spectrum and quantum yield in different solvents showed the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the singlet excited ZnPc to C60, which was further confirmed by nanosecond transient absorption spectra and cyclic voltammetry data. The free energy change for charge separation (ΔGCS) was estimated to be exothermic with −0.51 eV, which favored the formation of charge‐separation state. The PET from ZnPc to C60 in ZnPc‐C60 made the dyad exhibit stronger reverse saturable absorption performance compared with C60 and the control sample in the Z‐scan experiments, which indicated the synergistic effect of two active moieties in the dyad.
Synthesis of a Benzenethiol‐derivatized Porphyrin for Self‐assembly
Authors: Wan Jicheng , Sun Huiqian , Huang Xuebin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of a benzenethiol‐derivatized porphyrin for flat‐lying self‐assembly on gold substrates is described. Acetyl protected thiol is not stable enough in Pd‐catalyzed reactions. While acrylate derivatives protected thiol group shows good tolerance in Pd‐catalyzed borylations and Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling reactions and no catalyst poisoning was observed.
Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Phenylnaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones in Water and Their Fluorimetric Study in Solutions
Authors: Zhang Renzun , Xu Dongcheng , Xie Jianwu 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 3‐phenylnaphtho[2,3‐b]furan‐4,9‐diones by domino reaction of α‐bromonitroalkenes to 2‐hydroxynaphthalene‐1,4‐dione. With the optimal reaction conditions [NaOAc (120 mol%), water, 70°C, 7 h], the scope of the domino reaction was explored and the green approach provided the desired products in moderate to good yields at elevated temperature under aqueous‐mediated conditions. A mechanistic rationalization for this reaction is also provided. The absorption characteristics of the compounds were examined by UV‐Vis spectra and fluorescence spectroscopy. All compounds were fluorescent in solution emitting at blue light (432–433 nm), green light (512–536 nm), or yellow light (591 nm).
Beyond Heparinization: Design of Highly Potent Thrombin Inhibitors Suitable for Surface Coupling
Authors: Steinmetzer Torsten , Baum Bernhard , Biela Adam , Klebe Gerhard , Nowak Götz , Bucha Elke 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDuring extracorporeal circulation, when blood comes in contact with artificial surfaces, patients receive a standard treatment with anticoagulants to avoid blood coagulation. Dialysis patients in particular are systemically treated with heparin up to four times a week, causing a high burden for the body. For potential anticoagulant modification of external materials, such as dialysis equipment, a series of highly potent thrombin inhibitors was developed. All inhibitors share the general formula arylsulfonyl‐P3‐Pro‐4‐amidinobenzylamide, where P3 is glycyl or a trifunctional amino acid residue in L‐configuration. Among this series, several derivatives inhibit thrombin with Ki values of less than 1 nM. Specificity measurements revealed that this inhibitor type is highly specific for thrombin with negligible activity against related trypsin‐like serine proteases. X‐ray analysis of the most potent analogue in complex with thrombin demonstrated that the N‐terminal arylsulfonyl group occupies the aryl binding site, whereas the P3 side chain is directed into the solvent and therefore is well suited for further coupling. Based on their in vitro profile, these inhibitors are suitable candidates for the development of hemocompatible materials with anticoagulant properties.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of ortho‐Aryl N‐Hydroxycinnamides as Potent Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) 8 Isoform‐Selective Inhibitors
Authors: Huang Wei‐Jan , Wang Yi‐Ching , Chao Shi‐Wei , Yang Chen‐Yui , Chen Liang‐Chieh , Lin Mei‐Hsiang , Hou Wen‐Chi , Chen Mei‐Yu , Lee Tai‐Lin , Yang Ping , Chang Chung‐I 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in biological process and diseases. In contrast to other isozymes, HDAC8 is uniquely incapable of histone acetylation. In order to delineate its physiological function, we developed HDAC8‐selective inhibitors using knowledge‐based design combined with structural modeling techniques. Enzyme inhibitory analysis demonstrated that some of the resulting compounds (22 b, 22 d, 22 f, and 22 g) exhibited anti‐HDAC8 activity superior to PCI34051, a known HDAC8‐specific inhibitor, with IC50 values in the range of 5–50 nM. Among them, compound 22 d showed antiproliferative effects toward several human lung cancer cell lines (A549, H1299, and CL1‐5); it exhibited cytotoxicity against human lung CL1‐5 cells similar to that of SAHA yet without significant cytotoxicity for normal IMR‐90 cells. Expression profiling of HDAC isoforms in three cancer cell lines indicated that the HDAC8 level in CL1‐5 is higher than that in H1299 and CL1‐1 cells, a result consistent with the differential cytotoxicity of compound 22 d. These results suggest the effectiveness of our design concept, which may lead to a tool compound for studying the specific role of HDAC8 in cellular biological processes.