bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using tele‐paramedicine to conduct in‐home fall risk reduction after emergency department discharge: Preliminary data
Authors: Jiang Lynn G. , McGinnis Christina , Benton Emily , Nawa Emilee , Stern Michael , Xi Wenna , Sharma Rahul , Daniels Brock 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults discharged from our emergency department (ED) do not receive comprehensive fall risk evaluations. We conducted a quality improvement project using an existing Community Tele‐Paramedicine (CTP) program to perform in‐home fall risk assessment and mitigation after ED discharge.MethodsHigh falls‐risk patients, as defined by STEADI score >4, were referred for a CTP home visit by community paramedics supervised virtually by emergency physicians. Home hazards assessment, Timed Up and Go test (TUG), medication reconciliation, and psychosocial evaluation were used to develop fall risk mitigation plans. Outcomes assessed at 30 days post ED‐discharge included: completed CTP visits, falls, ED revisits, hospital admissions, and referrals.ResultsBetween November 2022 and June 2023, 104 (65%) patients were discharged and referred to CTP. The mean age of enrolled patients was 80 years, 66% were female, 63% White, 79% on Medicare or Medicaid, most lived with a family member (50%) or alone (38%). Sixty‐one (59%) patients received an initial CTP visit, 48 (79%) a follow‐up visit, and 12 (11%) declined a visit. Abnormal TUG tests (74%), home hazards (67%), high‐risk medications (36%), or need for outpatient follow‐up (49%) or additional home services (41%) were frequently identified. At 30 days, only one of the CTP patients reported a fall, one patient had a fall‐related ED visit, and one patient was admitted secondary to a fall.ConclusionsA quality improvement initiative using CTP to perform fall risk reduction after ED discharge identified areas of risk mitigation in the home where most falls take place. Further controlled studies are needed to assess the impact of CTP on clinical outcomes important to patients and health systems.
Feasibility study of a parent‐driven intervention for youth with Down syndrome
Authors: Stone‐Heaberlin M. , Blackburn A. , Hoffman E. K. , Esbensen A. J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome present with behavioural and emotional difficulties, including noncompliance, rule‐breaking, emotion dysregulation and delays in executive functioning. Few behavioural interventions have been designed specifically for children with Down syndrome. The Research Units in Behavioral Intervention (RUBI) Parent Training for Disruptive Behaviors is a structured empirically supported parent training programme developed for caregivers of children with autism. This feasibility trial explored the feasibility and acceptability of an abbreviated RUBI intervention with caregivers of children with Down syndrome and identified promising outcome measures to target in future larger clinical trials.MethodA double‐blind randomised feasibility pilot clinical trial allocated participants to a behavioural intervention (BEH) or educational (EDU) group. BEH and EDU consisted of five individual sessions over the course of 5 to 8 weeks. Measures were administered to 20 caregivers and their youth with Down syndrome at three time points.ResultsBoth BEH and EDU were rated as feasible with high parental adherence and acceptable with high treatment satisfaction. Both BEH and EDU demonstrated decreased externalising behaviours, irritability and hyperactivity and improved behavioural regulation in executive functioning over time. No impact was noted on caregiver functioning.ConclusionThe feasibility trial has strong findings regarding feasibility and satisfaction and has promising findings regarding the selection of measures for future trials testing an adapted RUBI programme and an education programme to reduce behavioural challenges in children with Down syndrome. Larger scale clinical trials are needed to confirm promising findings of these feasible treatments.
Defining blood hematology reference values in female pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) using the Isolation Forest algorithm
Authors: Kim Daniel , Derton Abigail , Khalil George , Pan Yi , Bachman Shanon , Kelley Kristen , Garcίa‐Lerma Gerardo , Dobard Charles W. , Daly Michele B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPig‐tailed macaques (PTMs) are commonly used as preclinical models to assess antiretroviral drugs for HIV prevention research. Drug toxicities and disease pathologies are often preceded by changes in blood hematology. To better assess the safety profile of pharmaceuticals, we defined normal ranges of hematological values in PTMs using an Isolation Forest (iForest) algorithm.MethodsEighteen female PTMs were evaluated. Blood was collected 1–24 times per animal for a total of 159 samples. Complete blood counts were performed, and iForest was used to analyze the hematology data to detect outliers.ResultsMedian, IQR, and ranges were calculated for 13 hematology parameters. From all samples, 22 outliers were detected. These outliers were excluded from the reference index.ConclusionsUsing iForest, we defined a normal range for hematology parameters in female PTMs. This reference index can be a valuable tool for future studies evaluating drug toxicities in PTMs.
Delayed recruitment of activity‐dependent bulk endocytosis in Fmr1 knockout neurons
Authors: Kim Nawon , Bonnycastle Katherine , Kind Peter C. , Cousin Michael A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe presynapse performs an essential role in brain communication via the activity‐dependent release of neurotransmitters. However, the sequence of events through which a presynapse acquires functionality is relatively poorly understood, which is surprising, since mutations in genes essential for its operation are heavily implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders. We addressed this gap in knowledge by determining the developmental trajectory of synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling pathways in primary cultures of rat hippocampal neurons. Exploiting a series of optical and morphological assays, we revealed that the majority of nerve terminals displayed activity‐dependent calcium influx from 3 days in vitro (DIV), immediately followed by functional evoked exocytosis and endocytosis, although the number of responsive nerve terminals continued to increase until the second week in vitro. However, the most intriguing discovery was that activity‐dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE) was only observed from DIV 14 onwards. Importantly, optimal ADBE recruitment was delayed until DIV 21 in Fmr1 knockout neurons, which model Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). This implicates the delayed recruitment of ADBE as a potential contributing factor in the development of circuit dysfunction in FXS, and potentially other neurodevelopmental disorders.image
Move & Thrive: Development of a Web‐Based Training for Schools About Trauma‐Informed Physical Activity
Authors: Kroshus Emily , Moore Adrienne , Steiner Mary Kathleen , Nieto Carolina , McCleery Julie , Turner Ken , Garrett Kimberly , Tandon Pooja S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDYouth who have experienced trauma or other adverse childhood events have the potential to uniquely benefit from physical activity (PA). However, how PA is administered in schools can be re‐traumatizing and fail to create positive experiences through movement. We sought to develop role‐specific training to help increase the implementation of trauma‐informed PA.METHODSGuided by intervention mapping methodology, we developed “Move & Thrive”—a brief web‐based training about trauma‐informed PA. We then conducted a pilot evaluation of this training using a pre‐posttest design with no control group in a sample of youth sport coaches, parents of school‐aged children, and teachers (n = 150) recruited from an online opt‐in non‐probability panel.RESULTSMixed methods feedback found that “Move & Thrive” was highly acceptable. Across all roles (coaches, teachers, and parents/guardians) there were statistically significant increases in all targeted implementation determinants (knowledge, attitudes, self‐efficacy, and perceived resources/support), with moderate to large effect sizes.CONCLUSIONSThese results provide the foundation for a larger, adequately powered trial with randomization and follow‐up to assess the implementation of trauma‐informed PA.
A place for (socio)linguistics in audio deepfake detection and discernment: Opportunities for convergence and interdisciplinary collaboration
Authors: Mallinson Christine , Janeja Vandana P. , Evered Chloe , Khanjani Zahra , Davis Lavon , Bhalli Noshaba Nasir , Nwosu Kifekachukwu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDeepfakes, particularly audio deepfakes, have become pervasive and pose unique, ever‐changing threats to society. This paper reviews the current research landscape on audio deepfakes. We assert that limitations of existing approaches to deepfake detection and discernment are areas where (socio)linguists can directly contribute to helping address the societal challenge of audio deepfakes. In particular, incorporating expert knowledge and developing techniques that everyday listeners can use to avoid deception are promising pathways for (socio)linguistics. Further opportunities exist for developing benevolent applications of this technology through generative AI methods as well.
Variations in benthic coverage and diversity of shallow water coral reefs in Eastern coast of Sri Lanka: A combined analysis from Allen Coral Atlas and ground surveys
Authors: Thilakarathne E. P. D. N. , Jayamanne S. C. , Liyanage N. P. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonitoring changes in coral reef ecosystems for their conservation and management is important as they are frequently subject to various natural and anthropogenic threats. However, in Sri Lanka, the attention in this regard is to be further concerned for their well‐being. Therefore, this study focused on the selected shallow water (<5 m) coral reefs as Pigeon Island (PIR), Adukkuparu (AR), Salli Beach (SBR), Kayankerni (KR), and Passikuda (PR) on the Eastern coast of Sri Lanka to estimate their changes over 2020, 2021, and 2022. The remote sensing demarcations with the composition of reef ecosystems were done through the analysis of the Allen Coral Atlas data followed by field surveys. Higher accuracy levels for corals were obtained for each site due to field verifying all individual polygons and omitting unmatched polygons of the initial maps from the Allen Coral Atlas. Then, the in‐situ reef surveys were conducted over randomly selected permanent transects at each site. From 2020 to 2022, the live coral percentages have increased in PIR, AR, and SBR while reduced in KR and PR. Dead corals have facilitated the overgrowth of macroalgae. The combined area of live coral on all five reefs has slightly gone up. This increase is primarily due to the rise in live coral cover in AR and SBR. Also, prominent increments of coral diversity have resulted from those sites. Therefore, it is suggested that AR and SBR be designated as Marine Protected Areas to safeguard the newly emerging live corals.
Deep learning‐based segmentation model for permeable concrete meso‐structures
Authors: Chen De , Li Yukun , Tao Jiaxing , Li Yuchen , Zhang Shilong , Shan Xuehui , Wang Tingting , Qiao Zhi , Zhao Rui , Fan Xiaoqiang , Zhou Zhongrong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe meso‐structure of pervious concrete significantly influences its overall performance. Accurately identifying the meso‐structure of pervious concrete is imperative for optimizing the design of pervious concrete, considering its mechanical properties and functionality. Therefore, to address the difficulty of recognizing the meso‐structures of pervious concrete, a method utilizing deep learning image semantic segmentation techniques is proposed in this study. First, based on the classical deep learning model, three models, namely, Res‐UNet, ED‐SegNet, and G‐ENet, are proposed for recognizing pervious concrete meso‐structure using deep learning image semantic segmentation techniques. These models introduce a residual module, a hybrid loss function, and a differential recognition branching structure to enhance the ability to recognize detailed information within pervious concrete meso‐structure and small targets. Second, the respective recognition performances of these methods on the meso‐structure of pervious concrete were thoroughly analyzed by experiment. The results indicate that the proposed three recognition methods for recognizing the meso‐structure of permeable concrete outperform conventional techniques not only in terms of efficiency but also in recognition accuracy and the ability to distinguish and identify aggregates, pores, and cement binders. In terms of comprehensive recognition effectiveness, the Res‐UNet model outperforms, followed by ED‐SegNet and G‐ENet. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of these three recognition methods meets the requirements of engineering applications.
A tale of two platforms: Habitus as the structuring force of gig workers' experience
Authors: Mommadova Yana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article applies Bourdieu's theory of fields and habitus to the platform economy, specifically through an analysis of interviews conducted with 27 Amazon Flex delivery drivers. Utilising interview data, it investigates how workers' habitus, informed by their social background, shapes their perceptions of the platform economy. The study extends current scholarship by theoretically enriching discussions on platform work dynamics. A key finding reveals distinct perspectives between workers with middle‐class and working‐class habitus. Middle‐class habitus frames the platform economy as a casual gig for quick income, while working‐class habitus perceives it as a genuine job with expectations of stability. These divergent viewpoints have significant implications, notably in relation to unionisation endeavours by platform workers. This research underscores how habitus‐driven perspectives influence engagement with the platform economy and its potential for labour mobilisation.
Development of an Instrument to Assess Health and Social Care Professionals' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Later‐Life Intimacy and Sexuality (HSCP‐KALLIS): A Delphi Study
Authors: Chen Yung‐Hui , Jones Cindy , Bannatyne Amy , Horne Maria 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAimsWe aimed to ascertain the content validity of an instrument to assess health and social care professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards later‐life intimacy and sexuality (HSCP‐KALLIS).BackgroundFor older adults, intimacy and sexuality are important in maintaining their quality of life and well‐being. However, addressing these needs remains challenging for health and social care professionals, particularly for nursing staff providing 24‐h direct care to older people with dementia or those identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex or queer/questioning individuals. Existing instruments assessing knowledge and attitudes towards later‐life intimacy and sexuality are dated and fail to adequately address dementia and sexual diversity.DesignA two‐round modified Delphi study was conducted.MethodsInitially, 79 knowledge and attitude items were generated through an integrative review. Panellists rated each item's clarity and importance using online questionnaires. The content validity index for the individual and overall items was calculated. The panellists' written feedback—along with their knowledge level of later‐life intimacy and sexuality—was obtained.ResultsPanellists included health and social care professionals (n = 9); healthcare‐related educators (n = 2); researchers specialising in later‐life intimacy, sexuality, dementia care and sexual diversity support (n = 7); and family carers of older people with dementia (n = 2). The instrument was revised based on the feedback received. The components of dementia, LGBTIQ+ and the provision of sex worker services in healthcare settings were highlighted by the panellists. Notably, 46 knowledge and 40 attitude items fulfilled the consensus criteria for clarity and importance.ConclusionsAcceptable content validity was established for the knowledge and attitude items. Further research is required to establish the psychometric properties of the HSCP‐KALLIS. This instrument has implications for clinical practice—specifically, in nursing care—by addressing issues to improve awareness regarding later‐life intimacy and sexuality in healthcare settings.Implications for PracticeThe HSCP‐KALLIS has the potential to inform the educational needs regarding knowledge and attitudes towards later‐life intimacy and sexuality for health and social care professionals, specifically nursing staff. The findings of the HSCP‐KALLIS can be used for the development of competencies for later‐life intimacy and sexuality, establishing policies and guidelines to support older adults’ intimacy and sexuality needs in health care settings.
Development and evaluation of a deep neural network model for orthokeratology lens fitting
Authors: Yang Hsiu‐Wan Wendy , Liang Chih‐Kai Leon , Chou Shih‐Chi , Wang Hsin‐Hui , Chiang Huihua Kenny 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo optimise the precision and efficacy of orthokeratology, this investigation evaluated a deep neural network (DNN) model for lens fitting. The objective was to refine the standardisation of fitting procedures and curtail subjective evaluations, thereby augmenting patient safety in the context of increasing global myopia.MethodsA retrospective study of successful orthokeratology treatment was conducted on 266 patients, with 449 eyes being analysed. A DNN model with an 80%–20% training‐validation split predicted lens parameters (curvature, power and diameter) using corneal topography and refractive indices. The model featured two hidden layers for precision.ResultsThe DNN model achieved mean absolute errors of 0.21 D for alignment curvature (AC), 0.19 D for target power (TP) and 0.02 mm for lens diameter (LD), with R2 values of 0.97, 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. Accuracy decreased for myopia of less than 1.00 D, astigmatism exceeding 2.00 D and corneal curvatures >45.00 D. Approximately, 2% of cases with unique physiological characteristics showed notable prediction variances.ConclusionWhile exhibiting high accuracy, the DNN model's limitations in specifying myopia, cylinder power and corneal curvature cases highlight the need for algorithmic refinement and clinical validation in orthokeratology practice.
Influence of polyploidy on morphology and distribution of the Cypress Spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias, Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Pungaršek Š. , Frajman B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Polyploidy can cause differences in phenotypic and physiological traits among different cytotypes of the same species. Polyploids may have larger organs or occupy different ecological niches than their diploid counterparts, therefore they are hypothesized to have larger distributions or prosper in stressful environments, such as higher elevations. The Cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissias L.; Euphorbiaceae) is a widespread European heteroploid species including di‐ (2x), tetra‐ (4x) and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes. We tested the hypotheses that polyploids are more widespread and more abundant at higher elevations and have larger organs than their diploid ancestors in the case of E. cyparissias. We also analysed whether genome downsizing had occurred after polyploidisation.
We conducted a comprehensive geographic sampling of 617 populations of E. cyparissias throughout Europe. We estimated their relative genome size using flow cytometry and inferred ploidy level of each population. We scored 13 morphological traits of vegetative and seed characters and performed statistical analyses.
The study indicates that polyploidisation facilitated colonisation of new areas in E. cyparissias, where the tetraploids are most widespread, whereas the diploids are limited to putative Pleistocene refugia, mostly in southern Europe. On the other hand, the three ploidies do not differ in their elevational distribution. Although some quantitative morphological traits exhibited an increasing trend with increasing ploidy, most traits did not differ significantly among the three ploidies, and there was no overall phenotypic differentiation among them. Given that individuals of different ploidies thrive in similar habitats across the same elevations, we suggest that ecological segregation following polyploidisation is a more important trigger for morphological differentiation than polyploidisation itself in autopolyploid plants.
The study demonstrates that polyploidisation can be crucial for the colonisation of new areas and for range expansion, but it does not necessarily influence elevational distribution nor confer a different phenotype.
The case for agency: Three dimensions of discretion in presidential agenda construction
Authors: Greenberg Jack B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen scholars address presidential agenda setting, they focus on how presidents go about getting what they want. We know far less about the prior step: how presidents decide what they want (agenda construction). Moreover, prior work that has dealt with this topic has focused on the external constraints imposed on presidential choice by Congress and public opinion. I contend, by contrast, that presidents have considerable agency in determining their domestic policy priorities. They rely on it to establish who they are and where they want to take the nation, putting forward their own “political projects.” I situate this agency in the selection of agenda items and the manner and sequence in which presidents pursue them. Failing to account for this “power of initiative and origination” leaves us with an underspecified understanding of presidential decision making that obscures the consequentiality of leadership in driving important policy outcomes. I develop this argument by exploring three presidential administrations that pose a hard test for my agency thesis: Richard Nixon, George H. W. Bush, and George W. Bush. These case studies draw from archival records obtained at the associated presidential libraries and interviews with senior administration personnel.
A novel sequential risk assessment model for analyzing commercial aviation accidents: Soft computing perspective
Authors: Nosrati Malekjahan Amirhossein , Husseinzadeh Kashan Ali , Sajadi Seyed Mojtaba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the importance of the commercial aviation system and, also, the existence of countless accidents and unfortunate occurrences in this industry, there has been a need for a structured approach to deal with them in recent years. Therefore, this study presents a comprehensive and sequential model for analyzing commercial aviation accidents based on historical data and reports. The model first uses the failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) technique to determine and score existing risks; then, the risks are prioritized using two multi‐attribute decision making (MADM) methods and two novel and innovative techniques, including ranking based on intuitionistic fuzzy risk priority number and ranking based on the vague sets. These techniques are based in an intuitionistic fuzzy environment to handle uncertainties and the FMEA features. A fuzzy cognitive map is utilized to evaluate existing interactions among the risk factors, and additionally, various scenarios are implemented to analyze the role of each risk, group of risks, and behavior of the system in different conditions. Finally, the model is performed for a real case study to clarify its applicability and the two novel risk prioritization techniques. Although this model can be used for other similar complex transportation systems with adequate data, it is mainly employed to illustrate the most critical risks and for analyzing existing relationships among the concepts of the system.