bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbol ratio minimax sequences in the lexicographic order
Authors: BOYLAND PHILIP , DE CARVALHO ANDRÉ , HALL TOBY 
Published: August 2014

Consider the space of sequences of $k$letters ordered lexicographically. We study the set ${\mathcal{M}}(\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}})$of all maximal sequences for which the asymptotic proportions $\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}}$of the letters are prescribed, where a sequence is said to be maximal if it is at least as great as all of its tails. The infimum of${\mathcal{M}}(\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}})$is called the$\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}}$-infimaxsequence, or the$\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}}$-minimaxsequence if the infimum is a minimum. We give an algorithm which yields all infimax sequences, and show that the infimax isnota minimax if and only if it is the$\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}}$-infimax for every$\boldsymbol{{\it\alpha}}$in a simplex of dimension 1 or greater. These results have applications to the theory of rotation sets of beta-shifts and torus homeomorphisms.
Fixed points of nilpotent actions on
Authors: RIBÓN JAVIER 
Published: August 2014

We prove that a nilpotent subgroup of orientation-preserving$C^{1}$diffeomorphisms of$\mathbb{S}^{2}$has a finite orbit of cardinality at most two. We also prove that a finitely generated nilpotent subgroup of orientation-preserving$C^{1}$diffeomorphisms of$\mathbb{R}^{2}$preserving a compact set has a global fixed point. These results generalize theorems of Frankset al for the abelian case. We show that a nilpotent subgroup of orientation-preserving$C^{1}$diffeomorphisms of$\mathbb{S}^{2}$that has a finite orbit of odd cardinality also has a global fixed point. Moreover, we study the properties of the 2-points orbits of nilpotent fixed-point-free subgroups of orientation-preserving$C^{1}$diffeomorphisms of$\mathbb{S}^{2}$.
The Excavation of Ty-isaf Long Cairn Brecknockshire
Authors: Grimes W. F. 
Published: August 2014

Ty-isaf long cairn is one of a group of 13 long cairns in the Black Mountains of Brecknockshire. The existence of the group was first recognised by Mr O. G. S. Crawford, who published them in his Long Barrows of the Cotswolds. Several—in particular Ty Illtyd, Gwernvale and the two fine examples at Fostill near Llanelieu—were already well-known; but Ty-isaf, with a number of others, was first launched on an archaeological career by Mr Crawford in 1925.Crawford's preoccupation being with the Cotswold long cairns he did not attempt to consider every aspect of the Brecknockshire cairns. This I subsequently tried to do in Archaeologia Cambrensis for 1936. But it had long been clear that the complete excavation of at least one of the monuments was badly needed to augment what we already knew— which was little enough—from chance digging and from visible features.The Brecknockshire Society therefore deserves the thanks of archaeologists in general for undertaking this excavation, and congratulations for the success which has attended their efforts. Gratitude is especially due to the Society's President Sir John Lloyd, by whom with Mr R. G. Sandeman most of the preliminary arrangements were carried out. Other members of the Society helped in various ways. Mr Sandeman himself was present throughout the whole course of the work, and Mr Jestyn Williams was responsible for some of the surveying upon which the plan (fig. 2) is based.
ALFARABI ON CONDITIONALS
Authors: Karimullah Kamran 
Published: August 2014

AbstractI examine the theory of conditional propositions (qaḍāyā šarṭiyya muttaṣila) and conditional syllogisms (qiyāsāt šarṭiyya) in the logical works of Alfarabi (d. 950). I contextualize Alfarabi's logical doctrines related to conditional reasoning against the backdrop of the context-theory of logic, which was developed by Aristotle's ancient commentators. I show that Alfarabi thought that conditional propositions have truth-conditions. I provide conjectural truth-conditions for conditional propositions, and conjectural validity-conditions for connective conditional syllogisms. These truth-conditions and validity-conditions are shown to be sensitive to the pragmatic conditions in which conditional propositions and arguments are deployed. I end by suggesting that Alfarabi's logical pragmatism is a consequence of his adoption of the late antique context-theory of logic rather than a result of his developing Aristotle's formal syllogistic theory adumbrated in thePrior Analytics.
Does Hospital Disaster Preparedness Predict Response Performance During a Full-scale Exercise? A Pilot Study
Authors: Djalali Ahmadreza , Carenzo Luca , Ragazzoni Luca , Azzaretto Massimo , Petrino Roberta , Della Corte Francesco , Ingrassia Pier Luigi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe assessment of hospital disaster preparedness and response performance is a way to find and remove possible gaps and weaknesses in hospital disaster management effectiveness. The aim of this pilot study was to test the association between the level of preparedness and the level of response performance during a full-scale hospital exercise.MethodThis pilot study was conducted in a hospital during a full-scale exercise in the Piedmont region of Italy. The preparedness evaluation was conducted by a group of three experts, three days before the exercise, and the response evaluation was conducted during the exercise. The functional capacity module was used for preparedness evaluation, and the response performance of the “command and control” function of the hospital was evaluated by nine semiquantitative performance indicators.ResultsThe preparedness of the chosen hospital was 59%, while the response performance was evaluated as 70%. The hospital staff conducted Simple Triage and Rapid Transport (START) triage while they received 61 casualties, which was 90% correct for the yellow group and 100% correct for the green group.ConclusionThis pilot study showed that it is possible to use standardized evaluations tools, to simultaneously assess the relationship between preparedness elements and response performance measures. An experimental study including a group of hospitals, also using more comprehensive evaluation tools, should be done to evaluate the correlation between the level of preparedness and the response performance of a hospital, and the impact of hospital disaster planning, on the outcome of disasters victims.DjalaliA,CarenzoL,RagazzoniL,AzzarettoM,PetrinoR,Della CorteF,IngrassiaPL.Does hospital disaster preparedness predict response performance during a full-scale exercise? A pilot study.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(4):1-7.
Reading Skills, Creativity, and Insight: Exploring the Connections
Authors: Mourgues Catalina V. , Preiss David D. , Grigorenko Elena L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStudies of the relationship between creativity and specific reading disabilities have produced inconclusive results. We explored their relationship in a sample of 259 college students (age range: 17 to 38 years-old) from three Chilean universities. The students were tested on their verbal ability, creativity, and insight. A simple linear regression was performed on the complete sample, and on high- and low-achievement groups that were formed based on reading test scores. We observed a significant correlation in the total sample between outcomes on the verbal ability tasks, and on the creativity and insight tasks (range r =. 152 to r =. 356, ps <.001). Scores on the reading comprehension and phonological awareness tasks were the best predictors of performance on creativity and insight tasks (range β = .315 to β = .155, ps <.05). A comparison of the low- and high-scoring groups on verbal ability tasks yielded results to the same effect. These findings do not support the hypothesis that specific reading disability is associated with better performance on creative tasks. Instead, higher verbal ability was found to be associated with higher creativity and insight.
Screening Enterprising Personality in Youth: An Empirical Model
Authors: Suárez-Álvarez Javier , Pedrosa Ignacio , García-Cueto Eduardo , Muñiz José 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEntrepreneurial attitudes of individuals are determined by different variables, some of them related to the cognitive and personality characteristics of the person, and others focused on contextual aspects. The aim of this study is to review the essential dimensions of enterprising personality and develop a test that will permit their thorough assessment. Nine dimensions were identified: achievement motivation, risk taking, innovativeness, autonomy, internal locus of control, external locus of control, stress tolerance, self-efficacy and optimism. For the assessment of these dimensions, 161 items were developed which were applied to a sample of 416 students, 54% male and 46% female (M= 17.89 years old,SD= 3.26). After conducting several qualitative and quantitative analyses, the final test was composed of 127 items with acceptable psychometric properties. Alpha coefficients for the subscales ranged from .81 to .98. The validity evidence relative to the content was provided by experts (V= .71, 95% CI = .56 - .85). Construct validity was assessed using different factorial analyses, obtaining a dimensional structure in accordance with the proposed model of nine interdependent dimensions as well as a global factor that groups these nine dimensions (explained variance = 49.07%; χ2/df= 1.78; GFI= .97; SRMR = .07). Nine out of the 127 items showed Differential Item Functioning as a function of gender (p< .01,R2>.035). The results obtained are discussed and future lines of research analyzed.
The Students’ Perceptions of School Success Promoting Strategies Inventory (SPSI): Development and validity evidence based studies
Authors: Moreira Paulo A. S. , Oliveira João Tiago , Dias Paulo , Vaz Filipa Machado , Torres-Oliveira Isabel 
Published: August 2014

AbstractStudents’ perceptions about school success promotion strategies are of great importance for schools, as they are an indicator of how students perceive the school success promotion strategies. The objective of this study was to develop and analyze the validity evidence based of The Students’ Perceptions of School Success Promoting Strategies Inventory (SPSI), which assesses both individual students’ perceptions of their school success promoting strategies, and dimensions of school quality. A structure of 7 related factors was found, which showed good adjustment indices in two additional different samples, suggesting that this is a well-fitting multi-group model (p< .001). All scales presented good reliability values. Schools with good academic results registered higher values in Career development, Active learning, Proximity, Educational Technologies and Extra-curricular activities (p< .05). SPSI showed to be adequate to measure within-schools (students within schools) dimensions of school success. In addition, there is preliminary evidence for its adequacy for measuring school success promotion dimensions between schools for 4 dimensions. This study supports the validity evidence based of the SPSI (validity evidence based on test content, on internal structure, on relations to other variables and on consequences of testing). Future studies should test for within- and between-level variance in a bigger sample of schools.
Factor Structure of the Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) at Spanish Universities
Authors: Pichardo Carmen , Justicia Fernando , Fuente Jesús de la , Martínez-Vicente José Manuel , Berbén Ana B. G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SRQ) has been used in psychology research during the last decade. The instrument has been used in a variety of life domains: psychological well-being, dispositional happiness, depressive symptoms and career adaptability. This investigation studies the factor structure and internal consistency of the SRQ, extracting a short version in the Spanish context and examining its relation to academic variables (self-regulated learning and grades). The analysis started from a version with 63 items, representing seven conceptual dimensions. This version was administered to a sample of 834 students from Education and Psychology. The data from the above-mentioned sample were randomly divided into two sets, each containing 50% of the students (n= 417): exploratory and confirmatory. In the exploratory sample, exploratory factor analysis findings suggested a more parsimonious measurement model, with 17 items and 4 first-order factors. The confirmatory sample was used in the confirmatory factor analysis. The results show evidence for the internal consistency of the Short Self-Regulation Questionnaire (SSRQ) in the Spanish context, with indices greater than .90 and errors around .05. Regarding academic variables, both versions are related to self-regulated learning (r= .40,p< .01) and students’ grades (r= .15,p< .01). Differences from other studies done in North America are discussed, as well as similarities to a study from North-West University (in South Africa).
Influence of Prior Knowledge and Interest on Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Passage Comprehension on the Qualitative Reading Inventory—4
Authors: Clark Mary Kristen , Kamhi Alan G. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
In 2 experiments, we examined the influence of prior knowledge and interest on 4th- and 5th-grade students' passage comprehension scores on the Qualitative Reading Inventory—4 (QRI–4) and 2 experimenter-constructed passages.

Method
In Experiment 1, 4th- and 5th-grade students were administered 4 Level 4 passages or 4 Level 5 passages from the QRI–4. Prior knowledge was assessed by key concept questions from the QRI–4. Interest was rated on a 5-point scale. In Experiment 2, 4th- and 5th-grade students were administered 2 passages from the QRI–4 and 2 experimenter-constructed passages. One general question was used to assess prior knowledge, and 3 measures were used to assess interest.

Results
Prior knowledge as measured by key concept questions on the QRI–4 or a general question had minimal impact on passage comprehension. More important, only one third of the prior knowledge questions on the QRI–4 were related to a comprehension question. When these question pairs were analyzed, having prior knowledge was still not predictive of comprehension performance. Interest level had minimal impact on comprehension performance.

Conclusions
This study's findings raise concerns about the usefulness of prior knowledge assessments on the QRI–4. Interest had little impact on comprehension performance. Educational implications are discussed.
Impaired selectin-dependent leukocyte recruitment induces T-cell exhaustion and prevents chronic allograft vasculopathy and rejection
Authors: Sarraj Bara , Ye Junsheng , Akl Ahmed Ibrahim , Chen Guodong , Wang Jiao-Jing , Zhang Zheng , Abadja Farida , Abecassis Michael , Miller Stephen D. , Kansas Geoffrey S. , Ansari M. Javeed 
Published: August 2014

SignificanceT-cell exhaustion limits the immune response against chronic infections and tumors. Reinvigorating exhausted T cells promotes clearance of infections and tumors. There are several ongoing clinical trials to harness the potential of reinvigorated T cells for the treatment of chronic infections and tumors by reversing T-cell exhaustion. However, the mechanisms leading to T-cell exhaustion are unknown. Further, the role of T-cell exhaustion in transplantation or autoimmunity is not defined. Here we show that impaired leukocyte recruitment leads to CD4 T-cell exhaustion as a novel mechanism of transplant tolerance. Strategies targeting leukocyte recruitment may prevent allograft rejection and promote tolerance. On the other hand, promoting leukocyte recruitment may prevent T-cell exhaustion and enhance tumor/microbe immunity.
Short sequences can efficiently recruit histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in the absence of enhancer activity and DNA methylation
Authors: Jermann Philip , Hoerner Leslie , Burger Lukas , Schübeler Dirk 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Polycomb repressive complex 2 functions in gene repression and acts by methylating histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Despite its relevance, it remains elusive how this complex is recruited to its target sites in the genome. Here, we used repeated genomic targeting in embryonic stem cells to identify DNA sequence determinants that autonomously confer H3K27me3 recruitment. We show that surprisingly small CG-rich DNA sequences are sufficient to recruit H3K27me3, but only if they are devoid of DNA methylation and transcriptional activity. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms recruiting H3K27me3 and the cross-talk between diverse chromatin modifications.
Robust efficiency and actuator saturation explain healthy heart rate control and variability
Authors: Li Na , Cruz Jerry , Chien Chenghao Simon , Sojoudi Somayeh , Recht Benjamin , Stone David , Csete Marie , Bahmiller Daniel , Doyle John C. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Reduction in human heart rate variability (HRV) is recognized in both clinical and athletic domains as a marker for stress or disease, but previous mathematical and clinical analyses have not fully explained the physiological mechanisms of the variability. Our analysis of HRV using the tools of control mathematics reveals that the occurrence and magnitude of observed HRV is an inevitable outcome of a controlled system with known physiological constraints. In addition to a deeper understanding of physiology, control analysis may lead to the development of timelier monitors that detect control system dysfunction, and more informative monitors that can associate HRV with specific underlying physiological causes.
Functional B-1 progenitor cells are present in the hematopoietic stem cell-deficient embryo and depend onCbfβfor their development
Authors: Kobayashi Michihiro , Shelley W. Christopher , Seo Wooseok , Vemula Sasidhar , Lin Yang , Liu Yan , Kapur Reuben , Taniuchi Ichiro , Yoshimoto Momoko 
Published: August 2014

SignificanceAll lymphoid cells are considered to be products of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, it has been suggested, but not proven, that innate immune B-1 progenitor cells develop independently of HSCs in the fetal liver. B-1 cells, especially B-1a cells, are not replaced by adult bone marrow transplantation. Thus, it is critical to understand the origin and mechanisms required to sustain these cells in vivo because B-1 cells play important roles in the first line of defense against microbial infection and in preventing organ damage in autoimmune patients and infections in some patients after bone-marrow transplantation. We demonstrate that B-1 progenitor cells can develop independently of HSCs in the fetal liver and that their development relies critically on the expression of core-binding factor beta.
Nonliteral understanding of number words
Authors: Kao Justine T. , Wu Jean Y. , Bergen Leon , Goodman Noah D. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Human communication is rife with nonliteral language, ranging from metaphor to irony to hyperbole. How do people go so far beyond the literal meaning of an utterance to infer the speaker’s intended meaning? We present a computational model that understands hyperbolic and other nonliteral uses of number words (e.g., “That watch costs 10,000 dollars”). Our model integrates empirically measured background knowledge, principles of communication, and reasoning about communicative goals to explain the computational basis of nonliteral language understanding. This framework sheds light on the nature of communication, marking a significant advancement in the flexibility and richness of formal models of language understanding.
Structural basis for the recognition–evasion arms race between
Tomato mosaic virus
and the resistance gene
Tm-1
Authors: Ishibashi Kazuhiro , Kezuka Yuichiro , Kobayashi Chihoko , Kato Masahiko , Inoue Tsuyoshi , Nonaka Takamasa , Ishikawa Masayuki , Matsumura Hiroyoshi , Katoh Etsuko 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that host defense genes evolve to counter the adverse effects of rapidly evolving invasive viruses. Although 3D structures of host–viral protein complexes have provided great insights into the molecular conflicts between them, a single structure represents only an evolutionary snapshot. Here we present the atomic details of the step-by-step arms race between tomato mosaic virus replication protein and the host inhibitor protein Tm-1, in which host recognition of a viral molecule, viral adaptive evasion of the recognition, host counteradaptation, and viral counter-counteradaptation are depicted by determination of the complex structures of Tm-1 variants and the viral protein and by biochemical analyses and molecular dynamics simulations of the interactions between these proteins.
Robust excitons inhabit soft supramolecular nanotubes
Authors: Eisele Dörthe M. , Arias Dylan H. , Fu Xiaofeng , Bloemsma Erik A. , Steiner Colby P. , Jensen Russell A. , Rebentrost Patrick , Eisele Holger , Tokmakoff Andrei , Lloyd Seth , Nelson Keith A. , Nicastro Daniela , Knoester Jasper , Bawendi Moungi G. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
The scientific community has been broadly inspired by tiny deep-sea bacteria, the green sulfur bacteria, that are able to harvest minute amounts of incoming sunlight with exquisite efficiency. Nature’s masterpiece consists of soft, cylindrical-shaped, supramolecular structures that are densely packed in superstructures. Only little is known about the fundamental processes that govern nature’s efficiency. Here we unravel, for the first time to our knowledge, the impact of structural complexity through the use of a model system akin to that found in nature, focusing on the properties that are prerequisite for nature’s efficient light harvesting. Our work suggests that the cylindrical geometry presents a rational design that may be key for protecting the system’s quantum properties upon dense packing.
Adjectival modification in L2 Spanish Noun Phrases
Authors: Guijarro-Fuentes Pedro 
Published: August 2014

The present paper investigates the grammar systems of Chinese learners of Spanish as a second language with the aim of contributing to current debates within contemporary generative second language (L2) acquisition theory: the extent to which adult learners are (un)able to acquire new functional features that result in a L2 grammar that is mentally structured like the native target language has led to recent accounts such as the Interpretability Hypothesis (Hawkins & Hattori 2006; Tsimpli & Dimitrakopoulou 2007) excluding L2A of non-L1 uninterpretable features, and more recently the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere 2009) claiming that L2 readjustment is an arduous acquisition task for [+/–] interpretable features. In evaluating both hypotheses, this study further explores L2A of uninterpretable and interpretable features by examining the development of certain Spanish features within the DP (i.e., [uGender]; [uNumber] and an interpretable Focus/Contrast feature) by L2 Chinese learners. Results of our two experimental tasks show that parametrically different uninterpretable and interpretable features are not totally accessible to adult L2 learners, but that proficiency level and individual differences figure largely in the implementation of them, causing competence target deviant patterns. Contrary to the IH, our results thus show initial underspecification of the [+/–] interpretable features in IL grammars and a gradual process which would first mimic L1-consistency before becoming native-like.