bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
V. SLEEP AS A MIRROR OF DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSITIONS IN INFANCY: THE CASE OF CRAWLING
Authors: Scher Anat , Cohen Dina 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe associations between the onset of crawling and changes in sleep were examined in 28 infants who were followed from 5 to 11 months‐of‐age. Motor development and sleep (actigraphy) were assessed at 2‐ to 3‐week intervals. Along with the overall improvement in sleep consolidation, periods of increased long wake episodes were also manifested; the rise in sleep disruption was temporally linked to crawling onset. The results of the study highlight the dynamic interrelations between domains of development, indicate that emerging motor skills may involve periods of disrupted sleep, and point to the moderating effect of age. Clarifying the factors involved in the interplay between developmental milestones and sleep remains a challenge for future research.
VI. MARITAL CONFLICT, VAGAL REGULATION, AND CHILDREN'S SLEEP: A LONGITUDINAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: El‐Sheikh Mona , Hinnant J. Benjamin , Erath Stephen A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTWe examined longitudinal relations between adult interpartner conflict (referred to as marital conflict) and children's subsequent sleep minutes and quality assessed objectively via actigraphy, and tested parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity indexed through respiratory sinus arrhythmia reactivity (RSA‐R) and initial sleep as moderators of predictive associations. At Wave 1 (W1), children (85 boys, 75 girls) with a mean age of 9.43 years (SD = .69) reported on marital conflict, and their sleep was assessed with actigraphs for seven nights. Sleep minutes, sleep efficiency, sleep activity, and number of long wake episodes were derived. RSA‐R was measured in response to a lab challenge. Sleep parameters were assessed again 1 year later at Wave 2 (W2; mean age = 10.39; SD = .64). Analyses consistently revealed 3‐way interactions among W1 marital conflict, sleep, and RSA‐R as predictors of W2 sleep parameters. Sleep was stable among children with more sleep minutes and better sleep quality at W1 or low exposure to marital conflict at W1. Illustrating conditional risk, marital conflict predicted increased sleep problems (reduced sleep minutes, worse sleep quality) at W2 among children with poorer sleep at W1 in conjunction with less apt physiological regulation (i.e., lower levels of RSA‐R or less vagal withdrawal) at W1. Findings build on the scant literature and underscore the importance of simultaneous consideration of bioregulatory systems (PNS and initial sleep in this study) in conjunction with family processes in the prediction of children's later sleep parameters.
IX. BEDTIME ROUTINES IN EARLY CHILDHOOD: PREVALENCE, CONSISTENCY, AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH NIGHTTIME SLEEP
Authors: Staples Angela D. , Bates John E. , Petersen Isaac T. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe ability to transition from wakefulness to sleep is one of the most important tasks in the development of sleep during early childhood. Although establishing regular bedtime routines for children with sleep problems can be clinically effective in reducing the number of signaled night awakenings and increasing amount of sleep, it is unclear whether a regular bedtime routine would be associated with either the frequency of signaled night awakenings or nightly sleep minutes in a nonclinical sample of children. This study examined the role of a regular bedtime routine on the development of sleep regulation and consolidation in a community sample of young children. Adherence to a bedtime routine was concurrently associated with a greater amount of nightly sleep at 36 and 42 months. In addition, adherence to a bedtime routine predicted an increase in nightly sleep minutes over a 6‐month period. Finally, this study demonstrated that adherence to a bedtime routine was particularly supportive of developmental gains for children of mothers who used consistent parenting practices during the day.
X. MARITAL AND EMOTIONAL ADJUSTMENT IN MOTHERS AND INFANT SLEEP ARRANGEMENTS DURING THE FIRST SIX MONTHS
Authors: Teti Douglas M. , Crosby Brian , McDaniel Brandon T. , Shimizu Mina , Whitesell Corey J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTAlthough parents' structuring of infant sleep is complexly determined, little attention has been given to parents' marital and personal adjustment in shaping sleep arrangement choices. Linkages were examined between infant sleep arrangements at 1 and 6 months and mothers' marital adjustment, co‐parenting quality, and depressive symptoms. The final study sample was composed of 149 families (53% girl infants, 86% European American). Bed sharing mothers had lower co‐parenting quality, and, at 6 months, more depressive symptoms than mothers of infants in solitary sleep. One‐month co‐parenting quality was associated with predictable shifts in sleep arrangements from 1 to 6 months, but 1‐month sleep arrangements did not predict changes in personal or co‐parenting quality. Findings emphasize the need for greater attention to marital and emotional health in influencing family‐level decisions about infant sleep arrangements.
MODELING HARVEST SCHEDULING IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL PLANNING OF FORESTS FOR LONGTERM WATER YIELD OPTIMIZATION
Authors: ZENGIN HAYATI , ASAN ÜNAL , DESTAN SINAN , ENGIN ÜNAL MURAT , YEŞIL AHMET , BETTINGER PETE , DEĞERMENCI AHMET SALIH 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this study, wood production and hydrologic functions of forests were accommodated within a planning procedure for separate working circles (areas dedicated to certain forest functions) that were delineated according to an Ecosystem‐Based Functional Planning approach. Mixed integer goal programming was used as the optimization technique. The timing and scheduling of a maintenance cutting (partial harvest) was the decision variable in the modeling effort, and an original formulation was developed as a multiobjective planning procedure. Four sample planning strategies were developed and model outputs were evaluated according to these strategies. Spatial characteristics of stands were considered, and used to prohibit the regeneration of adjacent stands during the same time period. Because of the positive relationship between qualified water production and standing timber volume in the forest, the model attempts to maximize qualified water production levels by increasing standing volume stocks in the forest through the delay of regeneration activities.
Use of electroconvulsive therapy for Asian patients with schizophrenia (2001–2009): Trends and correlates
Authors: Xiang Yu‐Tao , Ungvari Gabor S. , Correll Christoph U. , Chiu Helen F. K. , Lai Kelly Y. C. , Wang Chuan‐Yue , Si Tian‐Mei , Lee Edwin H. M. , He Yan‐Ling , Yang Shu‐Yu , Chong Mian‐Yoon , Kua Ee‐Heok , Fujii Senta , Sim Kang , Yong Michael K. H. , Trivedi Jitendra K. , Chung Eun‐Kee , Udomratn Pichet , Chee Kok‐Yoon , Sartorius Norman , Tan Chay‐Hoon , Shinfuku Naotaka 
Published: February 2015

AimsLittle is known about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use in Asian inpatients with schizophrenia. This study examined trends of ECT use for schizophrenia patients in Asia between 2001 and 2009 and its independent demographic and clinical correlates.MethodsData on 6761 hospitalized schizophrenia patients (2001 = 2399, 2004 = 2136, and 2009 = 2226) in nine Asian countries and territories were collected by either chart review or interviews during a 1‐month period. Patients’ sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, prescriptions of psychotropic drugs and ECT use were recorded using a standardized protocol and data‐collection procedure.ResultsThe frequency of ECT was 3.3% in the whole sample; rising from 1.8% in 2001 to 3.3% in 2004 and 4.9% in 2009 (P < 0.0001). However, this increased trend was driven solely by increased ECT use in China (P < 0.0001), and the inclusion of India in the 2009 survey. There were wide inter‐country variations: 2001, 0% (Hong Kong, Korea) to 5.9% (China); 2004, 0% (Singapore) to 11.1% (China); 2009, 0% (Hong Kong) to 13.8% (India) and 15.2% (China). Multiple logistic regression analysis of the whole sample revealed that patients receiving ECT were less likely in the 35–64‐year age group, had shorter length of current hospitalization and fewer negative symptoms, and were more likely to receive second‐generation antipsychotic medications compared to those who were not treated with ECT (R2 = 0.264, P < 0.001).ConclusionsECT use for schizophrenia has increased over the past decade in China, being low/relatively stable in other Asian countries/regions. Reasons for substantial variations in ECT frequency in Asia require further study.
Multivariate analysis of binge drinking in young adult population: Data analysis of the 2007 Survey of Lifestyle, Attitude and Nutrition in Ireland
Authors: Mohamed Samahir , Ajmal Muhammad 
Published: February 2015

AimsAlcohol use is the third highest risk factor for disease and disability. This study explored the association between binge drinking and mental health, general health, and diet and nutrition of young adults.MethodsA sub‐sample of 2590 adults aged 18–29 years was selected from 10 364 participants in the survey to investigate the effect of binge drinking exposure on depression, anxiety, quality of life and nutrition. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT‐C) was used to assess hazardous drinking. A short version of the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview was used to assess mental health. The quality of life was measured through the World Health Organization Quality of Life Survey. Multivariate regression analysis was performed. Potential confounders were age, gender, social class and AUDIT‐C score. A two‐tailed P‐value was presented with a significance cut‐off point at 0.05.ResultsUnivariate regression analysis showed significant associations between binge drinking and depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; P < 0.03), eating fried food (OR = 0.4; P < 0.001) and poor quality of life (OR = 1.5; P = 0.01). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, gender, social class and the AUDIT‐C results, the association between binge drinking and depression disappeared despite the high risk indicated by the OR in the univariate analysis. A significant relation was found between binge drinking and eating fried food (OR = 0.43 and P < 0.001) and quality of life (OR = 1.09; P = 0.01) in the fully adjusted models.ConclusionsThe link between alcohol drinking and mental health remains poorly understood. More research into the relation between different aspects of alcohol consumption, mental health and quality of life is required.
Population structure and reproductive mode of Didymella fabae in Syria
Authors: Ozkilinc H. , Thomas K. , Abang M. , Peever T. L. 
Published: February 2015

Didymella fabae is a highly destructive fungal pathogen of faba bean (Vicia faba) that represents a significant yield‐limiting biotic constraint in all locations where the crop is grown. However, nothing is known about the population structure of this pathogen anywhere in the world. Population genetic analyses employing 18 sequence‐tagged microsatellite (STMS) markers covering eight genetic linkage groups and a PCR‐based mating type marker were used to elucidate the genetic structure and reproductive mode of the pathogen in three populations in Syria. High gene diversity within populations but low genetic differentiation among populations was observed and the entire collection of isolates was assigned to a single genetic population using a Bayesian clustering algorithm. Independent analyses were performed based on four unlinked sets of STMS markers to infer reproductive mode. A simulation approach was used to estimate which of the repeated multilocus genotypes were probably the result of asexual reproduction and should be clone‐corrected. A 1:1 ratio of mating types could not be rejected in any clone‐corrected population, probably due to small sample sizes. Likewise, frequency of clones and sample size, but not marker linkage, had strong effects on multilocus gametic disequilibrium. The null hypothesis of random mating was rejected in the majority of populations for both non‐clone‐corrected and clone‐corrected samples and with four sets of unlinked markers indicating a predominance of asexual reproduction in these populations. This represents the first detailed screening of clonal and genetic composition of D. fabae populations in Syria.
Event‐related potentials to acoustic startle probes during the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat
Authors: Nelson Brady D. , Hajcak Greg , Shankman Stewart A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe startle reflex is a robust measure of defense system activation. Startle probes also elicit ERP P300 and N100 responses that capture attentional engagement. The startle probe‐elicited P300 and N100 have been primarily examined during affective picture viewing paradigms, and no study has examined these measures in the context of a threat anticipation task or in relation to threat predictability. In the present study, 131 participants completed a no (N), predictable (P), and unpredictable (U) threat‐of‐shock task, and the startle eye blink reflex, P300, and N100 responses to the startle probe were measured. We also examined several psychometric properties of these psychophysiological measures. Results indicated probe P300 attenuation during the P and U relative to N condition. In contrast, probe N100 enhancement was present only for the U condition. The P300 and N100 decreased (i.e., habituated) at comparable rates across the different threat conditions. The startle reflex also decreased, but only startle during the U (and not P) condition continued to differ from the N condition by the end of the task. Internal consistency of the ERP measures was acceptable and comparable to the startle reflex. Finally, the startle reflex was correlated with the probe N100, but not P300, across threat conditions. This study is one of the first to use startle probe ERPs to demonstrate that a context of potential threat also elicits attentional engagement. Furthermore, this study provides novel evidence that the probe N100 may provide a measure that is uniquely sensitive to unpredictable threat.
Prevalence of airflow obstruction and reduced forced vital capacity in an Aboriginal Australian population: The cross‐sectional BOLD study
Authors: Cooksley Nathania A.J.B. , Atkinson David , Marks Guy B. , Toelle Brett G. , Reeve David , Johns David P. , Abramson Michael J. , Burton Deborah L. , James Alan L. , Wood‐Baker Richard , Walters E. Haydn , Buist A. Sonia , Maguire Graeme P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveMortality and hospital separation data suggest a higher burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in indigenous than non‐indigenous subpopulations of high‐income countries. This study sought to accurately measure the true prevalence of post‐bronchodilator airflow obstruction and forced vital capacity reduction in representative samples of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians.MethodsThis study applies cross‐sectional population‐based survey of Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous residents of the Kimberley region of Western Australia aged 40 years or older, following the international Burden Of Lung Disease (BOLD) protocol. Quality‐controlled spirometry was conducted before and after bronchodilator. COPD was defined as Global initiative for chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stage 2 and above (post‐bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio <0.7 and FEV1 < 80% predicted).ResultsComplete data were available for 704 participants. The prevalence of COPD, adjusted for age, gender and body weight in Aboriginal participants (7.2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9 to 10.4) was similar to that seen in non‐Indigenous Kimberley participants (8.2%, 95% CI 5.7 to 10.7) and non‐Indigenous residents of the remainder of Australia (7.1%, 95% CI 6.1 to 8.0). The prevalence of low FVC (<80% predicted) was substantially higher in Aboriginal compared with non‐Indigenous participants (74.0%, 95% CI 69.1 to 78.8, vs 9.7%, 95% CI 7.1 to 12.4).ConclusionsLow FVC, rather than airflow obstruction, characterizes the impact of chronic lung disease previously attributed to COPD in this population subject to significant social and economic disadvantage. Environmental risk factors other than smoking as well as developmental factors must be considered. These findings require further investigation and have implications for future prevention of chronic lung disease in similar populations.
Geostatistical Modelling Using Non‐Gaussian Matérn Fields
Authors: Wallin Jonas , Bolin David 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis work provides a class of non‐Gaussian spatial Matérn fields which are useful for analysing geostatistical data. The models are constructed as solutions to stochastic partial differential equations driven by generalized hyperbolic noise and are incorporated in a standard geostatistical setting with irregularly spaced observations, measurement errors and covariates. A maximum likelihood estimation technique based on the Monte Carlo expectation‐maximization algorithm is presented, and a Monte Carlo method for spatial prediction is derived. Finally, an application to precipitation data is presented, and the performance of the non‐Gaussian models is compared with standard Gaussian and transformed Gaussian models through cross‐validation.
Improvement in mortality and retention among adult HIV‐infected patients in the first 12 months of antiretroviral therapy in Dodoma urban district,Tanzania.
Authors: Tweve Escor N. , Kayabu David , Nassari Nahum O. , Todd Jim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine mortality and retention in ART programmes in Tanzania, between 2010 and 2013.MethodsRetrospective routinely collected data were analysed from people starting ART in the period 2010–2013. Mortality and retention over the first 12 months on ART were compared across the 4 years, and adjustment was made for individual level potential confounders.ResultsData from 3844 people (70.6% female) starting ART were analysed. Mortality in the first year declined from 11.4% in 2010 to 4.9% in 2013, and retention after 12 months increased from 77.8% in 2010 to 98.1% in 2013. Mortality was inversely associated with CD4 count, lowest among those with CD4 350+ cells/μl [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01–0.03], associated with male sex (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.39–2.31), but not age. Lost to follow‐up (LTFU) was lowest among those with CD4 = 350+ cells/μl AOR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.10–0.30), but not associated with age or sex, and higher in urban health facilities (AOR = 1.88, 95% CI 1.15–3.09). After adjustment for individual level characteristics, there was a statistically significant yearly improvement in mortality (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI (0.21–0.44) and LTFU (AOR = 0.06, 95% CI 0.04–0.10).ConclusionMortality and retention in the first 12 months on ART have significantly improved over the 4 years from 2010 to 2013. These improvements may indicate better services, earlier initiation on ART, and strengthened systems to provide ART in Tanzania. These results refute the worries that earlier initiation on ART might lead to lower retention in the ART programme.
A single dose of erythropoietin reduces perioperative transfusions in cardiac surgery: results of a prospective single‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weltert Luca , Rondinelli Beatrice , Bello Ricardo , Falco Mauro , Bellisario Alessandro , Maselli Daniele , Turani Franco , De Paulis Ruggero , Pierelli Luca 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDWe conducted a prospective single‐blind randomized study to assess whether a single 80,000 IU dose of human recombinant erythropoietin (HRE), given just 2 days before cardiac surgery, could be effective in reducing perioperative allogeneic red blood cell transfusion (aRBCt).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSix‐hundred patients presenting with preoperative hemoglobin (Hb) level of not more than 14.5 g/dL were randomly assigned to either HRE or control. The primary endpoint was the incidence of perioperative aRBCt. The secondary endpoints were mortality and the incidence of adverse events in the first 45 days after surgery, Hb level on Postoperative Day 4, and number of units of RBC transfusions in the first 4 days after surgery.RESULTSA total of 17% (HRE) versus 39% (control) required transfusion (relative risk, 0.436; p < 0.0005). After baseline Hb was controlled for, there was no difference in the incidence of aRBCt between HRE (0%) and control (3.5%) among the patients with baseline Hb of 13.0 g/dL or more, which included the nonanemic fraction of the study population. The mean (range) Hb level on Postoperative Day 4 was 10.2 (9.9‐10.6) g/dL (HRE) versus 8.7 (8.5‐9.2) g/dL (control; p < 0.0005). The distribution of number of units transfused was shifted toward fewer units in HRE (p < 0.0005). The all‐cause mortality at 45 days was 3.00% (HRE) versus 3.33% (control). The 45‐day adverse event rate was 4.33% (HRE) versus 5.67% (control; both p = NS).CONCLUSIONIn anemic patients (Hb < 13 g/dL), a single high dose of HRE administered 2 days before cardiac surgery is effective in reducing the incidence of aRBCt without increasing adverse events.
Fat removal during cell salvage: a comparison of four different cell salvage devices
Authors: Seyfried Timo F. , Haas Lilith , Gruber Michael , Breu Anita , Loibl Markus , Hansen Ernil 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDFat embolism is a possible risk factor for pulmonic and cerebral dysfunction after orthopedic and heart surgery. It is unknown whether fat occasionally observed during cell salvage adds to the risk of fat embolism after retransfusion. We have examined the fat removal capacities of different cell salvage devices including discontinuous and a continuous system under various conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSIn an experimental study ABO‐matched banked blood was adjusted to a hematocrit of 20%, and 1.25% of human fat was added. This blood was processed with the cell salvage devices XTRA and Electa, CATS, or Cell Saver 5 plus. Fat in the blood samples was quantified by volumetric measurement after centrifugation in Pasteur pipettes and by gravimetric measurement after extraction of fat in organic solvents and phase partition. Performance in fat removal was tested with different programs, bowl sizes, and additional filtration.RESULTSThe continuous system consistently showed a high fat removal rate of 99.8 ± 0.2%. Fat accumulated in the wash disposal, but not in the product. In the Latham bowl–based discontinuous systems, fat removal varied from 69.2 to 92.8 ± 4.4% depending on the program mode, but not on the bowl size. Additional filtration increased fat removal to 96.7 ± 2.2%, but also increased red blood cell loss.CONCLUSIONSFat contamination of wound blood can be detected by volumetric and gravimetric measurements. Continuous salvage systems remove fat to a higher extent than discontinuous systems. The fat removal capacities of discontinuous systems depend on the program mode and can be improved by filtration.