bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification and Properties of Dihydrostreptomyein‐Phosphorylating Enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Kobayashi Fujio , Yamaguchi Masahito , Sato Junko , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe distribution of the dihydrostreptomycin (DHSM)‐phosphorylating enzyme was investigated using DHSM‐resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating that this enzyme was demonstrated from all of 7 DHSM‐resistant strains examined but not from a DHSM‐sensitive one. The DHSM‐phosphorylating enzyme was isolated from P. aeruginosa TI‐13 and purified about 205‐fold using Sephadex G‐75 and DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 column chromatography. The optimal pH for the DHSM‐inactivation was around 10.0, and both adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and Mg++ were required for the inactivating reaction. It was found that this enzyme inactivated only DHSM but not other aminoglycosidic antibiotics such as kanamycin, aminodeoxykanamycin, neomycin, paromomycin, lividomycin and gentamicin.
Studies of Drug Resistance and R Factors in Bacteria from Pond‐Cultured Salmonids
Authors: Aoki Takashi , Egusa Syuzo , Yada Chiyo , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTConsiderable fractions of gram‐negative bacilli, Aeromonas liquefaciens, A. salmonicida, Pseudomonas, Hafnia and unidentified Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from the intestinal tracts of cultured Amago (Oncorhynchus rhodurus macrostomus) from 23 Amago‐ponds and of Yamame (O. masou ishikawae) from one pond as well as the water of 3 ponds in Shiga, Gifu and Nagano Prefectures and Tokyo Metropolis in Japan were found to be multiple‐drug‐resistant. Of these drug‐resistant strains, A. salmonicida and A. liquefaciens carried R factors at high frequencies and to be prevalent in many Amago ponds throughout Japan. These R factors had markers of resistance to SA, SA.TC, SA.SM.CM. All the R factors belonged to fi– type.
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Inaba Yuji , Tanaka Yoshio , Sato Kunihiko , Omori Tuneyoshi , Matumoto Minoru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA large epizootic of an acute respiratory disease of cattle occurred in Japan during the months from October 1968 to May 1969. A virus was recovered in primary cultures of calf kidney and testicle cells from nasal swabs of affected cattle. Neutralization tests revealed the virus to be closely related to the Long strain of human respiratory syncytial virus. The virus induced cytopathic changes including the formation of syncytia and acidophilic‐cytoplasmic inclusions in calf kidney and testicle cell cultures. A calf inoculated with the virus by the respiratory route developed an illness resembling the natural disease. Most cattle clinically diagnosed as having the disease showed significant rises of neutralizing antibody titer for the isolated virus, whereas none or only small fractions of those animals showed serological evidence for recent infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, Ibaraki virus, bovine diarrhea virus, bovine adenovirus Type 7 and parainfluenza virus Type 3. Neutralization tests on paired sera revealed a wide dissemination of the isolated virus among cattle in many areas of the country during the epizootic. All these findings leave no doubt that the epizootic was caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. This is the first study that ever shows the presence of infection of cattle with this virus in Japan.
Cell Wall Synthesis in Staphylococcus aureus in the Presence of Protein Synthesis Inhibitory Agents
Authors: Nαkαo Masafumi , Kitanaka Eiryo , Ochiai Kazuyori , Nakazawa Shozo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTElectron‐microscopic and biochemical studies on morphological changes in Staphylococcus aureus following exposure to protein synthesis inhibitory agents such as lincomycin (LCM), clindamycin (CLM), erythromycin (EM), and spiramycin (SP) are presented in this paper. It was demonstrated that bacterial cell walls became extremely thickened usually with the formation of multilayers, when exposed to each of the above‐mentioned antibiotics. Furthermore, electron density of the cytoplasm was higher in those cells exposed to drugs than in intact control cells. Incorporations of 14C‐labeled l‐lysine into the cell‐wall fraction and the protein fraction were measured for biochemical elucidation of these phenomena. Labeled lysine was selectively incorporated into the cell‐wall fraction when the test organism was exposed to the respective antibiotics. Uptake at 15 min after exposure was about twice as large as that of intact control cells. SP and CLM inhibited protein synthesis while they stimulated cell‐wall synthesis. The evidences for thickening of, and formation of multilayers in the bacterial cell walls following exposure to drugs were closely related to the stimulating action of these antibiotics on the cell‐wall synthesizing system. Morphology of resistant clinical isolates following such antibiotic exposure was also investigated using two staphylococcal strains, one resistant to EM alone and the other completely cross‐resistant to all the macrolides.
Serological Survey of Rhinovirus Infections in Japan
Authors: Kawana Rinji , Matsumoto Ichiro , Imai Takenobu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTSerological evidence for dissemination of rhinovirus serotypes 3, 5, 13, 14, 17, 26, 30 and 41, and a Japanese isolate 149N, which has not been typed as yet, was obtained by measuring neutralizing antibody in a total of 750 serum samples collected in Iwate Prefecture, a northern part of the main island Honshu of Japan, in 1965 to 1969. Judging from the age‐specific antibody incidence curves obtained by testing sera from outpatients at Iwate Medical College Hospital, the circulation of types 13, 14, 30 and 41 seems more active than that of types 3, 5, 17 and 26. Comparison in the age‐specific antibody incidence between two groups of sera collected from outpatients at the hospital over different periods, October 1968–June 1969 and February–August 1968, revealed very active circulation of types 13, 14 and 30 over the period between the collections as compared with type 41. Some differences in the age preference were shown among the serotypes. The results of tests in different cities showed marked differences in the antibody distribution by age depending upon the place and serotype. Seroconversion was shown in some individuals who were tested one year apart. These findings are interpreted to indicate that there is a constant flux in the serotypes infecting any given population, and that several serotypes are usually circulating almost simultaneously.
The First Successful Isolations and Identification of Yersinia enterocolitica from Human Cases in Japan
Authors: Zen‐Yoji Hiroshi , Maruyama Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTFrom March 1971 through February 1972 isolation attempts of Yersinia enterocolitica were made on 442 specimens, consisting of 292 feces from patients hospitalized with symptoms of suggestive dysentery, 22 from sporadic cases of diarrhea in children, 43 specimens of ileum resected from autopsy cases which exhibited pathological changes in their intestine, and 85 appendix vermiformis which had been excised. A simultaneous survey on the normal distribution of the bacterium in healthy persons was conducted on 30587 fecal samples from adults and 402 specimens from newborns. As a result of the survey, 12 strains of Y. enterocolitica were isolated; two strains from the ileum of two autopsy cases, five from excised appendix vermiformis, two from feces of hospitalized patients suspected of dysentery, and three from feces of sporadic cases of diarrhea in children. No strains of this bacterium were isolated from healthy adults and newborns. Major pathological findings of autopsy cases were conspicuous hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of the small intestine, limited to within 1 meter of the ileocecum. Biotype and serotype of 12 isolates were as follows; one isolate from an excised appendix vermiformis was biotype 2 and serotype 5B, while all of the remaining 11 were biotype 4 and serotype 3. These results suggested that strains of a specific biotype and serotype were likely to be playing a very important role in the development of this illness in man.
Immune Response against Hamster Erythrocytes in the Low‐Responder Mouse Strains
Authors: Nomoto Kikuo , Yamada Hiroyasu , Muraoka Shizuko , Takeya Kenji 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe production of anti‐hapten antibody after immunization with trinitrophenylated (TNP) hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) or sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was determined in high‐ and low‐responder mouse strains against HRBC antigen. 1) Anti‐TNP antibody was detected in sera of high‐responder DDD and CF1 mice after primary immunization with TNP‐HRBC, but not in those of low‐responder C57BL/6 mice. 2) Anti‐TNP antibody was detectable in sera of all the strains after primary immunization with TNP‐SRBC. 3) Production of anti‐TNP antibody was elicited after a booster injection of TNP‐HRBC in low‐responder C57BL/6 mice pre‐sensitized with HRBC in Freund's complete adjuvant. These results suggest that functions of thymus‐derived cells specific for HRBC antigen are deficient in low‐responder mice.
Comparison of the Chemical and Immunological Properties of the Pili of Three Types of Corynebacterium renale
Authors: Kumazawa Norichika , Yanagawa Ryo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTPili of Corynebacterium renale strains 115 (type I) and 42 (type III) were purified, and compared chemically and immunologically with those of strain 46 (type II). Purification of the pili of the two strains was more complicated than that of the pili of strain 46. Pili of the three types of C. renale were dispersed in 1mM ATP and were thermostable. Stability in antigenicity and morphology in 0.1n HCl and 0.1n NaOH was different, and the antigenicity of the pili was different among the pili of the three types of C. renale.
Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Antibody Response
Authors: Nakashima Izumi , Ohta Fujito , Kobayashi Takashi , Kato Osamu , Kato Nobuo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTStudy was made to clarify the experimental conditions for the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPS‐K) to exhibit maximum adjuvant effect on antibody production to bovine serum albumin (BSA) in mice. To obtain the maximum primary antibody response and also the strongest priming for a secondary response to BSA, 1000 μg of CPS‐K had to be injected intramuscularly into the same or adjacent site of BSA injection within the period of 1 hr before to 6 hr after the BSA injection. The optimum amount of BSA giving the maximum antibody response and also the strongest priming under these experimental conditions was 15 mg. In mice thus primed, an extremely high secondary response was induced by injecting 0.5 mg of BSA 30 days after the initial injection. The minimum amount of CPS‐K, to exhibit a strong adjuvant action, was 100 μg, which was equal to the minimum amount to induce immunologic paralysis to a homologous antigen. Extremely large amounts, such as 100 to 300 mg per mouse of BSA, were also strongly immunogenic when injected together with paralyzing doses of CPS‐K. In vitro admixture of BSA and CPS‐K before injection did not strengthen adjuvant action of CPS‐K. Alum‐precipitated BSA mixed with CPS‐K was not more immunogenic than native BSA mixed with CPS‐K. Addition of Freund's complete adjuvant to an injection of BSA and CPS‐K mixture did not enhance the adjuvant effect of CPS‐K.
Slime Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Goto Sachiko , Murakawa Takeo , Kuwahara Shogo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTUsing Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture IFO 3445, the nutritional requirements and cultural conditions suitable for slime production were investigated. A synthetic medium was established from the experimental results, which was composed of sodium glutamate, glucose, phosphate and magnesium salt. When a cellophane plate method was used, incubation at 37 C for 3 days attained the highest relative viscosity. In the presence of an oxidizable carbohydrate the relative viscosity of the culture fluid was reduced with the acidic reaction, and recovered if the reaction was adjusted to pH 7–8.
Characteristics of Group A Streptococcal Variants Treated with Mitomycin C
Authors: Hirano Toyo , Itoh Takako , Tomura Tsuneko , Yoshioka Morimasa 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTTransfers of Streptococcus pyogenes strain T12 in Todd–Hewitt broth containing stepwise increases in amounts of mitomycin C (MC) gave rise to slight changes of their colonial appearances. Variants thus obtained were examined for antibiotic and bile resistances; production of streptolysin‐S, ‐O and deoxyribonuclease; growth in alkaline medium, high salt concentration, and at 10 C and 45 C; sugar fermentations, and precipitin reactions. Four strains retained group A antigen, but some of them lost the ability to produce hemolysins and deoxyribonuclease, and acquired resistance to bile, penicillin and streptomycin as well as MC, and to physical environments. Four other strains lost group A antigen and acquired new antigens common to cells of group C, group D, or highly antibiotic‐resistant mutants reported previously. A variant which reacted with group C antiserum contained galactosamine, but not glucosamine, while the parent strain showed the reverse pattern. Many other variants contained both hexosamines. Even a variant, strain TL3‐2, reacted strongly only with group A antiserum, but contained glucose and both hexosamines. These strains having galactosamine possessed uridine diphosphate (UDP)‐N‐acetylglucosamine‐4‐epimerase activity which converted the substrate into UDP‐N‐acetylgalactosamine, while the parent strain failed to demonstrate the existence of this enzyme. The variants were discussed with respect to the group A streptococcal variations possessing no more original characteristics.
Studies on the Neutralization of Herpes Simplex Virus
Authors: Yoshino Kamesaburo , Kishie Taka 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTHerpes virus was reacted with an early rabbit antiserum containing predominantly complement‐requiring neutralizing (CRN) antibody to produce CRN‐antibody‐sensitized virus (SV), and the action of complement (C') upon SV was studied. Reduction of infectivity due to C' was about equal with undiluted and 1000‐fold diluted SV. Even higher dilutions which contained about 10 to 100 infectious units per 0.05 ml were also completely inactivated by C'. Kinetic experiments revealed that the velocity of titer reduction in the presence of C' of 100‐fold diluted SV was not slower than that of undiluted SV. When SV was first treated with C' and then diluted 100‐fold, the surviving virus showed but a slightly reduced efficiency of filtration through the 0.45 μ Millipore membrane as compared with SV first diluted 1: 100 and then treated with C'. The titer reduction of SV–C'1 complexes in the presence of C'4 followed a one‐hit curve. These results indicated that the reduction of infectivity of SV due to C' was not a result of immunoaggregation of infectious SV. Alternative possible mechanisms of the action of C' are discussed.
Field Trial with a Further Attenuated Live Measles Virus Vaccine
Authors: Makino Satoshi , Sasaki Keiko , Nakamura Naoyoshi , Nakagawa Masaharu , Kasahara Shiro , Mizunoe Kimifusa , Hashimoto Takashi , Ebihara Tutomu , Nakazawa Susumu , Oka Hide , Sato Hazime , Watanabe Osamu , Niino Kenji , Koga Fumiwaka , Onuma Masayuki , Kagami Kazuyuki , Kimura Mikio , Ishiguro Yoshio , Yoshida Zengi , Fugii Hiroshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA live measles virus vaccine was prepared with a virus strain attenuated by passage in the primary sheep kidney cell culture. All of 209 initially seronegative children showed seroconversion after subcutaneous inoculation of one dose of the vaccine. The geometric mean of neutralizing antibody titers following vaccination was 26.6. Axillary temperature of 37.5 C or higher was recorded in 23.6% of 199 vaccinees with adequate clinical records, but only 4% had fever over 39.0 C. The average maximal temperature in feverish children was 38.3 C. Fever usually lasted for only one or two days. Neither febrile convulsion nor other toxic reactions was observed.
Ribonucleic Acid Dependent Ribonucleic Acid Replicase in the Immune Response
Authors: Saito Kazuko , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTAn immune ribonucleic acid (iRNA) preparation was made using phenol extracts of spleens of mice previously immunized with Salmonella tennessee flagella. An enzyme, also prepared from the spleens of these mice, induced the incorporation of 3H‐UTP into the acid‐insoluble fraction in a cell‐free system in the presence of this RNA. The enzyme activity could be demonstrated from the spleens of immunized mice but not from normal ones, and this activity was also inhibited by two derivatives of rifamycin. Treatment with ribonuclease or heating at alkaline pH resulted in a loss of activity in added RNA. The 3H‐uridine‐labeled product was found resistant to ribonuclease treatment but became sensitive when the product was subjected to heat treatment. However, actinomycin D, mitomycin C or bleomycin A2 did not inactivate the enzyme activity. These results suggest that this enzyme induces the incorporation of UTP into the acid‐insoluble fraction using iRNA as a template and the product may be a newly synthesized RNA which forms a hybrid with iRNA. This enzyme activity may play a role in the antibody formation process, and may account for the in vivo replication of iRNA by this enzyme, viz., probably an RNA‐dependent RNA replicase.
Japanese Quail Embryo Cells as a Host of Group A Arboviruses
Authors: Takayama Naohide , Simizu Bunsiti 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTJapanese quail embryo (QE) cells were compared to chicken embryo (CE) cells with regard to the production of some group A arboviruses. The virus yield in QE cells was about the same as that in CE cells. The sensitivity of plaque assay of the viruses in QE cells was nearly equal to that in CE cells, although a certain range of fluctuation among individual culture bottles of QE cells was observed. QE cultures were found to possess some advantages for production and titration of group A arboviruses when compared CE cell system.
Inhibition of Host Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis after Infection of Ultraviolet‐Irradiated Measles Virus
Authors: Minagawa Tomonori , Nakaya Chikako , Oguma Keizi , Iida Hiroo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMeasles virus suppressed cellular DNA synthesis two hours after infection but did not inhibit RNA or protein syntheses. The suppression of DNA synthesis was not dependent on the cellular growth phase but was dependent on the multiplicity of infection. This activity of measles virus was inactivated neither by ultraviolet‐irradiation nor by heating at 56 C for two hours, but was lost after treatment with a convalescent antiserum of a measles patient or with proteolytic enzymes (pronase and trypsin).
Virulence of Rifampicin‐Resistant Mutants ofShigellaand EnteropathogenicEscherichia coliwith Special Reference to Their Cell Invasiveness
Authors: Osada Yasuaki , Une Tsutomu , Nakajo Masayuki , Ogawa Hidemasa 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT1. Changes in virulence ofShigellaandShigella‐like enteropathogenicEscherichia coli, which occurred during their acquiring resistance to rifampicin were examined. Virulence was evaluatedin vitroby their cell‐invasive activity, infectivity to the eye of guinea pigs, and LD50values in intraperitoneally infected mice. 2. The mutants obtainedin vivoand those obtainedin vitrosomewhat varied in cell invasiveness. Ability to produce keratoconjunctivitis in guinea pigs was lacking or diminished in all mutants though the parent strains constantly showed high abilities to invade cultured cells or produce kerato‐conjuctivitis in guinea pigs. 3. Mutations to resistant strains were not accompanied by any changes in LD50values in mice.
The Effect of Beta‐Lipoprotein on Antistreptolysin‐O Antibody Titers
Authors: Baba Toru , Suzuki Mitsuru , Sonozaki Hidekichi , Schröter Gerhard , Torisu Motomichi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe relationship between antistreptolysin‐O (ASLO) titers and β‐lipoprotein were examined. The following results were obtained. 1. Fifty‐three children with unmeasurably low ASLO titers had variable β‐lipoprotein concentrations which were within normal ranges. 2. Streptococcal infections in the children correlated well with the elevation of ASLO titers, but β‐lipoprotein concentration in these sera did not show any correlation with the behavior of ASLO titers. 3. From the Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration chromatographical study, no ASLO activities were found in the fraction containing β‐lipoprotein except in some special cases that had the IgM ASLO antibody. 4. The inhibitory effect of β‐lipoprotein upon hemolysis by streptolysin‐O was incomplete and its effect decreased with a prolonged incubation time. 5. The partially purified β‐lipoprotein had no effect upon the hemolytic activity of streptolysin‐O, when the ASLO titers were measured by the method of 100% inhibition of hemolysis. From these observations, it was concluded that the ASLO antibody titers were truly related to streptococcal infection and not influenced by the presence of β‐lipoprotein if the ASLO titers were measured by the 100% inhibition of hemolysis.
A Lysin(s) in Lysates of Clostridium botulinum A190 Induced by Ultraviolet Ray or Mitomycin C
Authors: Mitsui Noriko , Kiritani Kazuyoshi , Nishida Shoki 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWhen cells of the Clostridium botulinum A190 strain were subjected to treatment with mitomycin C or to irradiation with ultraviolet ray and then grown at 37 C, an induced lytic agent(s) was produced in the resultant lysate. Production of the lytic agent in the induced bacterial culture was inhibited in the presence of chloramphenicol. A crude preparation of the phage‐free lytic agent readily lysed freeze‐thawed or acetone‐treated cells of C. botulinum B‐NIH19, and heated or chloroform‐treated cells to a lesser extent at the optimal pH of 6.8. The lytic agent was stable at or below 37 C, but unstable above 37 C. A crude preparation of the lytic agent did not exhibit a detectable effect on the viability of vegetative cells.