bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orientation of non-spherical particles in an axisymmetric random flow
Authors: Vincenzi Dario 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe dynamics of non-spherical rigid particles immersed in an axisymmetric random flow is studied analytically. The motion of the particles is described by Jeffery’s equation; the random flow is Gaussian and has short correlation time. The stationary probability density function of orientations is calculated exactly. Four regimes are identified depending on the statistical anisotropy of the flow and on the geometrical shape of the particle. If $\boldsymbol{\lambda} $ is the axis of symmetry of the flow, the four regimes are: rotation about $\boldsymbol{\lambda} $, tumbling motion between $\boldsymbol{\lambda} $ and $- \boldsymbol{\lambda} $, combination of rotation and tumbling, and preferential alignment with a direction oblique to $\boldsymbol{\lambda} $.
Characterization of two unrelated satellite DNA families in the Colorado potato beetleLeptinotarsa decemlineata(Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Authors: Lorite Pedro , Torres M. Isabel , Palomeque Teresa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata, family Chrysomelidae), a phytophagous insect, which feeds preferably on potatoes, constitutes a serious pest of this crop and causes extensive damage to tomatoes and eggplants. It has a remarkable ability to develop resistance quickly against insecticides and shows a diversified and flexible life history. Consequently, the control of this pest has become difficult, requiring the development of new alternative biotechnology-based strategies. Such strategies require a thorough knowledge of the beetle's genome, including the repetitive DNA. Satellite DNA (stDNA), composed of long arrays of tandemly arranged repeat units, constitutes the major component of heterochromatin and is located mainly in centromeric and telomeric chromosomal regions. We have studied two different unrelated satellite-DNA families of which the consensus sequences were 295 and 109 bp in length, named LEDE-I and LEDE-II, respectively. Both were AT-rich (70.8% and 71.6%, respectively). Predictive models of sequence-dependent DNA bending and the study of electrophoretic mobility on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels have shown that the DNA was curved in both satellite-DNA families. Among other features, the chromosome localization of both stDNAs has been studied.In situhybridization performed on meiotic and mitotic nuclei showed chromosomes, including the X chromosome, with zero, one, or two stDNAs. In recent years, it has been proposed that the repetitive DNA may play a key role in biological diversification processes. This is the first molecular and cytogenetic study conducted onL. decemlineatarepetitive DNA and specifically on stDNA, which is one of the important constituents of eukaryotic genomes.
IS DEEP SOWING BENEFICIAL FOR DRY SEASON CROPPING WITHOUT IRRIGATION ON SANDY SOIL WITH SHALLOW WATER TABLE?
Authors: BUAKUM B. , LIMPINUNTANA V. , VORASOOT N. , PANNANGPETCH K. , BELL R. W. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYDeep sowing (15 cm) on sands in the dry season is a practice used in post-rice sowing of legumes without irrigation, designed to increase moisture access for germination, growth and crops yield. However, with such deep sowing there can be a penalty for emergence and growth if there is abundant water stored in the upper soil profile during the growing season. Hence, there is a need to define the soil water regimes under which deep sowing is advantageous for different legumes. To investigate the adaptation of legume crop species to deep sowing, we studied their emergence, growth and yield on three deep soils (3–16% clay) with shallow water tables during two years in northeast Thailand. At site 1 and 2, peanut, cowpea, mungbean and soybean were sown shallow (~5 cm) or deep (~15 cm). At site 3, only cowpea and peanut were shallow or deep sown. Shallow water tables maintained soil water content (0–15 cm) above permanent wilting point throughout the growing season. Deep sowing of all legumes delayed emergence by 3–7 days at all locations. Shoot dry weight of legumes after deep sowing was mostly similar or lower than weight after shallow sowing. Yield and harvest index of legumes did not differ meaningfully among sowing depths. Therefore, deep sowing was not beneficial for dry season cropping without irrigation when there was a shallow water table and sufficient water for crop growth throughout soil profiles in the growing season. Taken together with previous studies, we conclude that shallow rather than deep sowing of legumes was preferred when the soil water content at 0–15-cm depth remained higher than permanent wilting point throughout the growing season due to shallow water table.
Fine structure of Metchnikovella incurvata Caullery and Mesnil 1914 (microsporidia), a hyperparasite of gregarines Polyrhabdina sp. from the polychaete Pygospio elegans
Authors: SOKOLOVA Y. Y. , PASKEROVA G. G. , ROTARI Y. M. , NASSONOVA E. S. , SMIRNOV A. V. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYClass Rudimicrosporea Sprague 1977, with its single family Metchnikovellidae, comprises hyperparasites of gregarines from the guts of marine invertebrates. Metchnikovellids remain poorly studied in spite of their significance to the evolutionary history of microsporidia; their ultrastructure and life cycles require further investigation. Here we present results of the light- and electron-microscopy study of Metchnikovella incurvata Caulleri and Mesnil 1914, isolated from lecudinid gregarines, parasitizing polychaetes Pygospio elegans in the White Sea littoral zone, and yet described only on the light-microscopic level. The life cycle of this microsporidium includes 2 sporogonies: free (FS) and sac-bound (SBS). In FS, sporonts develop into multinuclear cells (sporogonial plasmodia), which generate sporoblasts and free spores residing in direct contact with the host cytoplasm. Electron microscopy revealed their metchnikovellidean structure: a horseshoe-shaped nucleus, short manubrium perpendicular to the long axis of the spore, and a polar cap in a separate membrane container. Merogony was not observed. The earliest stages of SBS were chains of binucleate cells. They underwent a series of nuclear and cell divisions, produced extracellular envelopes, and split into boomerang-shaped spore sacs, containing up to 16 spores each. Ultrastructure and sizes of sac-bounded spores were similar to those of free-living ones. An amended diagnosis of M. incurvata is provided.
IRREDUCIBLE QUASIORDERS OF MONOUNARY ALGEBRAS
Authors: JAKUBÍKOVÁ-STUDENOVSKÁ DANICA , PÖSCHEL REINHARD , RADELECZKI SÁNDOR 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRooted monounary algebras can be considered as an algebraic counterpart of directed rooted trees. We work towards a characterization of the lattice of compatible quasiorders by describing its join- and meet-irreducible elements. We introduce the limit$\cB _\infty $of all$d$-dimensional Boolean cubes$\Two ^d$as a monounary algebra; then the natural order on$\Two ^d$is meet-irreducible. Our main result is that any completely meet-irreducible quasiorder of a rooted algebra is a homomorphic preimage of the natural partial order (or its inverse) of a suitable subalgebra of$\cB _\infty $. For a partial order, it is known that complete meet-irreducibility means that the corresponding partially ordered structure is subdirectly irreducible. For a rooted monounary algebra it is shown that this property implies that the unary operation has finitely many nontrivial kernel classes and its graph is a binary tree.
Some legal challenges posed by remote attack
Authors: Boothby William 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAttacking from a distance is nothing new, but with the advent of certain new technologies, attacks can be undertaken in which the attacker remains very remote from the scene where force will be employed. This article analyses the legal issues raised by attacks employing, respectively, remotely piloted vehicles, autonomous attack technologies, and cyber capabilities. It considers targeting law principles and rules, including distinction, discrimination, proportionality, and the precautions rules, observes that they all apply to remote attack and proceeds to explore the challenges that arise from implementing the legal requirements. Due note is taken of states’ legal obligation to review new weapons, methods and means of warfare, an obligation that reinforces the view that existing law will provide the prism through which these new attack technologies must be evaluated by states. The article then discusses how notions of liability apply in relation to remote attack, and considers whether it is depersonalization rather than remoteness in attack that is the critical legal issue.
Approach for near‐real‐time prediction of ionospheric delay using Klobuchar‐like coefficients for Indian region
Authors: Shukla Ashish Kumar , Das Saurabh , Shukla Atul P. , Palsule Vilas S. 
Published: March 2013

Currently, global positioning system (GPS) satellites transmit the Klobuchar coefficients to estimate ionospheric delay for the single‐frequency users. These coefficients are broadcast to the users on the basis of seasonal ionospheric variations and average solar flux. In low‐latitude Indian region, prediction of the delay using these coefficient is not accurate because of complex behaviour of the ionospheric. In this study, new Klobuchar‐like cofficients are generated using regional total electron content data collected from the 18 stations in Indian. Using these coefficients, a novel approach for near‐real‐time prediction of the ionospheric delay (for every 5 min) is proposed. This approach provides the opportunity to generate the Klobuchar‐like coefficients using shorter data sets (1 day) rather than using long‐term statistics of several years, as done in the generation of GPS broadcast Klobuchar coefficients. Performance of the prediction is evaluated for the geomagnetic quiet (Ap index <50) and severely disturbed (Ap index >300) days of 2005 and 2007. Prediction accuracy is significantly improved using the single‐frequency users of the Regional Navigational Satellite Systems, such as the proposed Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System.
Exploratory case studies on manufacturing decision areas in the job production system
Authors: Choudhari Sanjay C. , Adil Gajendra K. , Ananthakumar Usha 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the configuration of a job production system with reference to manufacturing decision areas. The aim is to identify the process specific decisions for job shop and the non‐process specific decisions that are influenced by other contextual factors.Design/methodology/approachA case study research approach is used in the present paper to investigate the decisions of five manufacturing companies that satisfy the characteristics of job production system. Data are collected from case company's products, order winners and choices made in manufacturing decision areas. The paper uses within case and cross‐case analysis to identify various patterns in the data, with a view to meeting the required research objectives.FindingsThe present paper identifies a number of decisions specific to job shop. Further, many non‐process specific decisions are seen to be influenced by competitive priorities (order winner), strategic orientation of manufacturing (stages in H‐W model), top management and size of the company. After the study of the case companies, it is also observed that the companies employing a job production system may have high product complexity.Practical implicationsThe findings derived from this research would facilitate practitioners in understanding both process specific and non‐process specific decisions for the job production system. The observation that the job shops can also use progressive practices, the same as other shops, to gain competitive advantage in the market could be very useful for practicing managers.Originality/valueThis exploratory research contributes to the existing theory in manufacturing decision areas for job production systems.
Extending the production dice game
Authors: Lambrecht Marc , Creemers Stefan , Boute Robert , Leus Roel 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe production dice game is a powerful learning exercise focusing on the impact of variability and dependency on throughput and work‐in‐process inventory of flow lines. This paper seeks to extend the basic dice game along the following lines. First, it will allow operations to take place concurrently as opposed to sequentially, which works better in a classroom setting. Second, it will allow both starvation and blocking of the line. Third, it will consider balanced lines with workstations characterized by different degrees of variability. Finally, it aims to use different sets of dice in order to represent a wide range of variation coefficients of the production line. The obtained insights can be extended to a supply chain context as well. The developed game can be played on‐line and the software is freely downloadable.Design/methodology/approachThe paper extends the dice game and offers an easy‐to‐use simulation tool.FindingsThe key aspect of students' learning experience is the understanding of the relationship between variability and throughput in an environment with dependent workstations and limited buffers.Originality/valueA rather complicated research question is transformed into an easy‐to‐use simulation tool that in no time can be used by practitioners and students.
Efficacy of purchasing activities and strategic involvement: an international comparison
Authors: Yang Chen‐Lung , Lin Ru‐Jen , Krumwiede Dennis , Stickel Elizabeth , Sheu Chwen 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of purchasing activities and the purchasing function's involvement with corporate strategy on manufacturing competitiveness as it is affected by national differences. In particular, the authors are interested in the research question: do purchasing theories built on samples from mainly North American and Western European countries apply in other countries with different cultural contexts?Design/methodology/approachBased on the 511 samples collected from ten countries or two distinct cultural groups (Group 1: Asia; Group 2: Western Europe/USA), the authors tested a purchasing model that is well‐grounded in the literature. Two statistical methods were applied. First, multiple‐group structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was performed to test the model. The authors then applied regression analysis to examine whether the two country groups differ in their choice and efficacy of purchasing activities and strategic involvement.FindingsThe results suggest that the intensity and efficacy of purchasing activities and strategic involvement vary between the two country groups, Asia and Western Europe/USA. The Western Europe/USA samples adequately fit the purchasing model, but the Asian samples do not. At the item level, the study finds a common set of purchasing activities contributing to manufacturing competitiveness regardless of national differences. The findings suggest that national differences matter in implementing purchasing activities.Originality/valueThis study represents a first attempt at using national culture to explain differences in purchasing activities and strategic involvement.
Enterprise imaging: representing complex multi‐organizational service enterprises
Authors: Mills John , Purchase Valerie C. , Parry Glenn 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a visualization method developed as a result of an observed need to capture the organizational arrangements of a complex engineering service enterprise. The focal case study is between a public sector client and private sector provider where multiple organizations contribute resource to create value. This visualization can assist client and provider stakeholders to take a holistic perspective of the purpose and management of their enterprise, highlighting the complexity of value co‐creation in service enterprises and the interdependencies between organizational units.Design/methodology/approachDevelopment of the Enterprise Image has drawn on research within the service, organizational and individual cognition literatures. Data were obtained from an in‐depth Defence sector case study representing diverse interactions within client and provider communities. The case focused on a fast‐jet aircraft availability contract, where the public sector client outsourced through‐life support activities to a set of private sector providers. Preliminary testing of the validity and utility of the image was conducted by presentations to single and mixed communities of clients and providers involved in value co‐creation.FindingsThe paper proposes a method of pictorially representing a complex alliance, called an “Enterprise Image”. The work provides empirically based insight into the management processes of a complex, multi‐organizational service enterprise, where little or no enterprise level management had been in evidence. The Enterprise Image appeared to have the effect of raising questions and conversations about how the overall enterprise might be managed and how ongoing service improvement might be achieved.Practical implicationsIn this research the Enterprise Image was drawn by researchers – ongoing research aims to design a method that helps clients and providers co‐create their own Enterprise Image. From current findings the implication of this research will be to encourage enterprise management of ongoing improvement in multi‐organisational service enterprises.Originality/valueModels and representations for understanding the delivery of value are mostly provider and product focused, despite the recognition in a servitised environment of the complex interactions with client organizations. This paper presents a methodology for visually representing value co‐creation in complex service enterprises where the service includes significant client resource involvement.
The influence of R&D partnerships on innovation in manufacturing firms
Authors: Azadegan Arash , Napshin Stuart , Oke Adegoke 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate how a manufacturer's relationship with firms operating in different institutional logics can facilitate or hinder the outcomes of research partnerships.Design/methodology/approachThe paper tests the study hypotheses based on a survey of 345 Chinese manufacturers.FindingsResults reveal that a manufacturer's partnerships with private firms and government institutions are both directly related to the manufacturer's innovation performance. However, the effectiveness of the research partnerships depends on the different institutional logics within which these organizations operate.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used a binary variable to capture the existence or absence of the partnership types examined implying that this variable does not capture the quantity of R&D relationships the firm is engaged in or the time period of such engagements.Practical implicationsIt is important for management to take into account the joint effect of both the firm and its partner's underlying institutional logics in establishing partnership relationships since the juxtaposition of different institutional logics can affect the outcomes of the relationship.Originality/valueThis research draws from institutional theory to contribute to knowledge in the area of innovation by emphasizing the importance of the overarching institutional logic on the effectiveness of different types of innovation‐driven research partnerships.
Differences in outsourcing strategies between firms in emerging and in developed markets
Authors: Größler Andreas , Timenes Laugen Bjørge , Arkader Rebecca , Fleury Afonso 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe vast majority of literature relating to operations management originates from studies in developed markets. Emerging markets are increasingly important in global business. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to analyze differences in outsourcing strategies between manufacturing firms from emerging markets and from developed markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on statistical analyses of a large data set of manufacturing firms obtained from the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS).FindingsThe findings suggest that companies that outsource internationally focus on achieving cost benefits, while companies that outsource domestically focus on achieving capacity flexibility. In addition, the reasons to outsource were found to be independent of the location of firms in both emerging and developed markets. However, within the group of firms from emerging markets, strategies seem to differ according to whether firms are domestically owned or are subsidiaries of companies from developed markets.Practical implicationsThe decisions of firms to outsource do not differ much whether the firms are located in developed‐ or in emerging‐market economies. Firms outsource domestically when they want to increase their capacity flexibility; they outsource internationally when looking for cost advantages.Originality/valueThe value of the paper is that it illuminates an important contemporary phenomenon based on analyses on data from a large‐scale international survey encompassing firms both in developed and in emerging markets.
The status of total quality management (TQM) in Ghana
Authors: Osei Mensah James , Copuroglu Gorkem , Appiah Fening Fred 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the extent of implementation of quality management in Ghana.Design/methodology/approachAfter thoroughly reviewing and reading available literatures in the field of interest, semi‐structured interview questions were prepared. Semi‐structured interview was opted for, in order to obtain in‐depth responses from the respondents. To cater for inter‐lingual differences and inconsistencies, a double translation of the completed interview questions was necessary.FindingsIt was revealed that awareness of quality management is relatively high among the Ghanaian multinational firms that have some degree of expatriate management and they performed fairly well. However, they still trail their international counterparts with similar top management commitment and resource base. On the other hand, the study revealed a low degree of quality awareness among firms owned and managed solely by Ghanaians and their performance, with the exception of long‐established and well‐resourced government enterprises, was poor.Originality/valueThe paper describes an exploratory study. The finding is that quality management practiced by Ghanaian firms (both multinationals and indigenous) is not a total approach and hence the conclusion is that total quality management, by implication, is not yet being practised in Ghana.