bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Party-State, Fragmented Authoritarianism, and the Health Emergency Response Regime
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Chinese party-state is recognized for its stability maintenance regime, bolstered by its propaganda and censorship apparatus. Simultaneously, the “fragmented authoritarianism” model explicates the complexities of governing a sprawling country with multiple levels of party-government authorities, thus enabling decentralized and adaptable policy execution. Nestled within this vast neo–Communist Party-state lies the public health emergency response system. This chapter examines the principal institutions, disease surveillance mechanisms, and laws and regulations pertaining to health emergency response, with particular emphasis on the relational dynamics among the National Health Commission, the China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) at the national level, and subnational health commissions and CDCs. By shedding light on the complex interaction between political institutions and the health emergency response regime, this chapter provides essential institutional context for comprehending the challenges and missteps the Chinese government encountered during the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak.
The Stability Imperative and the Silencing of Doctors
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
During the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese political-administrative system showcased an organizational culture that prioritized social stability and information control. This and the next chapter uncover the factors that motivated this response, including political considerations, career incentives, and a desire for information control. Despite the Hubei/Wuhan health authorities’ awareness of the outbreak and its SARS-like symptoms, they initially failed to report it to central authorities and instead sought to manage the crisis locally. The chapter also delves into the investigations and punishments meted out to doctors such as Dr. Ai Fen and Dr. Li Wenliang, who disseminated information about the outbreak. The attempt to control the narrative and suppress “rumors” led to a lack of vital information for decision-making and failed to prepare the public for the impending crisis. The adverse consequences of this approach are highlighted as a cautionary tale for future crisis management.
Conducting Public Health Emergency Response in Stealth
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Despite the emergence of new novel coronavirus cases beyond Wuhan and even outside China during mid-January 2020, both the Hubei/Wuhan authorities and the National Health Commission (NHC) fell short of taking decisive public action. The local authorities persistently downplayed the risk of sustained human-to-human transmission, striving to maintain an appearance of normalcy. Similarly, the NHC adhered to political constraints, conducting confidential meetings and discreetly updating its prevention and control documents. This lack of public warnings about the severity of the outbreak exacerbated the virus’s spread. It also illuminated the limitations of China’s political-administrative system, characterized by fragmented authoritarianism and an emphasis on social stability and information control. Nonetheless, responding to alerts of human-to-human transmission from Guangdong and Thailand, the NHC assembled a third expert team to visit Wuhan on January 19, 2020.
“The Battle for Wuhan”
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As the cordon sanitaire was imposed, overwhelmed hospitals and a lack of quarantine facilities put the leadership and residents of Wuhan to the test amid the exploding COVID-19 crisis. This chapter examines the national efforts to support Wuhan and contain the epidemic. Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, the Chinese party-state adopted a mission-oriented structure, effectively countering pre-lockdown information suppression and leveraging its organizational power to mobilize the largest medical aid mission ever. The initial strategy of constructing Fire and Thunder God Hospitals, mirroring the SARS-era response, proved inadequate. Instead, as expertise on COVID-19 grew, the medical profession improved treatment of COVID-19, while the emergency response leadership adapted their response strategy. The rapid conversion of existing buildings, including public facilities, dramatically increased hospital and quarantine capacity. Fangcang shelter hospitals played a crucial role in reducing potential community infection sources.
ANA-associated arthritis: clinical and biomarker characterization of a population for basket trials
Authors: Arnold Jack , Carter Lucy M , Md Yusof Md Yuzaiful , Dutton Katherine , Wigston Zoe , Dass Shouvik , Wood Samuel , Relton Samuel , Vital Edward M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
ANA-associated rheumatic and musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases (RMDs) [SLE, primary SS (pSS), scleroderma, inflammatory myositis, MCTD and UCTD] make up a disease spectrum with overlapping clinical and immunological features. MSK inflammation is common and impactful across ANA-associated RMDs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate MSK inflammation (ANA-associated arthritis) prevalence in a multidisease ANA-associated RMD study, assess its clinical impact across ANA-associated RMD diagnoses, propose new basket groupings of patients, and evaluate immunological profiles in legacy and new basket contexts.

Methods
An observational study enrolled patients with ANA-associated RMDs. Demographic variables, comorbidities, therapies, disease activity instruments [BILAG, SLEDAI, the EULAR SS disease activity index (ESSDAI), physician visual analogue scale (VAS)], patient-reported outcomes [SF36, FACIT-Fatigue, EQ5D, ICECAP-A, Work Productivity and Activity impairment (WPAI), patient VAS] and the biomarker profile (six-gene expression scores, flow cytometry, autoantibody profile) were analysed. Reclustering utilized Gaussian mixture modelling (GMM). The clinical and immune features of new and legacy clusters were compared.

Results
Inflammatory MSK symptoms were prevalent across ANA-associated RMDs, in 213/294 patients. In ANA-associated arthritis patients, most variables did not differ between diagnoses, with the exception of the EQ5D-5L index and mobility domains (lower in MCTD/pSS, both P &lt; 0.05). FM and OA prevalence were similar across diagnoses. Therapy use differed significantly, the use of biologics being greatest in SLE (P &lt; 0.05). GMM yielded two multidisease clusters: High MSK disease activity (n = 89) and low MSK disease activity (n = 124). The high MSK disease activity cluster included all patients with active joint swelling, and they had significantly higher prednisolone usage, physician global assessment (PGA), Sm/RNP/SmRNP/chromatin positivity, Tetherin mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and IFN Score-A activity, along with numerically lower FM and OA prevalence.

Conclusion
We defined ANA-associated arthritis, a more clinically and immunologically homogeneous population than existing RMD populations for trials, and a more prevalent population for therapies in the clinic.
Impact of growth implants and low-level tannin supplementation on enteric emissions and nitrogen excretion in grazing steers
Authors: Raynor Edward J , Kutz Mesa , Thompson Logan R , Carvalho Pedro H V , Place Sara E , Stackhouse-Lawson Kimberly R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of a growth-hormone implant (Revalor-G, Merck Animal Health., Rahway, NJ, USA) and tannin supplementation (Silvafeed BX, Silva Team, San Michele Mondovi CN, Italy) on enteric methane (CH4) emissions and estimated nitrogen (N) excretion in grazing steers. Steers (n = 20; initial body weight [IBW] = 343 ± 14 kg) were acclimated to use a portable automated head-chamber system (AHCS) to measure CH4 and a SmartFeed Pro automated feeder for dietary supplementation (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD, USA). After the training period, steers were randomly assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements of treatments, with 2 levels of growth-hormone implants, no-implant (NO-IMP) or implanted (IMP), and 2 levels of tannin supplementation, no tannin supplementation (NO-TAN) or tannin supplementation (TAN). This created 4 treatment groups: (1) NO-TAN and NO-IMP, (2) TAN and NO-IMP, (3) IMP and NO-TAN, and (4) TAN and IMP. Tannin was offered daily at 0.30% dry matter intake (DMI) through 0.5 kg/hd/d sweetfeed supplement (Sweetfeed Mix, AgFinity., Eaton, CO, USA) with a targeted tannin intake at 48 g/hd/d. No (P ≥ 0.05) implant × tannin interaction was detected for any dependent variable, so only the main effects of implant (NO-IMP vs. IMP) and tannin supplementation (NO-TAN vs. TAN) are discussed. Implant status did not affect (P ≥ 0.56) final body weight (FBW) or average daily gain (ADG) during the 90 d grazing period. There was no effect (P ≥ 0.15) of growth implant on CH4 production or emission intensity (EI; g CH4/kg gain). Additionally, IMP steers tended (P ≤ 0.08) to have less CH4 yield (MY; g CH4/g DMI) and higher blood urea nitrogen (BUN) than NO-IMP steers. Tannin supplementation did not impact (P ≥ 0.26) FBW or ADG. However, NO-TAN steers tended (P = 0.06) to have a greater total DMI than steers supplemented with tannin. No effect (P ≥ 0.22) of tannin supplementation was observed for CH4 production and EI. Nitrogen utilization as measured through BUN, urine N, fecal N, or fecal P was similar (P ≥ 0.12) between TAN and NO-TAN animals. The findings indicate that low-level dietary supplementation to reduce enteric emissions is difficult in grazing systems due to inconsistent animal intake and that growth implants could be used as a strategy to improve growth performance and reduce EI of steers grazing improved pasture.
Postoperative pain management after thoracic transplantations
Authors: Lobo Clara , Tufegdzic Boris 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of reviewHeart and lung transplantation evolution marked significant milestones. Pioneering efforts of Dr Christiaan Barnard with the first successful heart transplant in 1967, followed by advancements in heart–lung and single-lung transplants by Drs Bruce Reitz, Norman Shumway, and Joel Cooper laid the groundwork for contemporary organ transplantation, offering hope for patients with end-stage heart and pulmonary diseases.Recent findingsPretransplant opioid use in heart transplant recipients is linked to higher mortality and opioid dependence posttransplant. Effective pain control is crucial to reduce opioid-related adverse effects and enhance recovery. However, research on specific pain management protocols for heart transplant recipients is limited. In lung transplantation effective pain management is crucial. Studies emphasize the benefits of multimodal strategies, including thoracic epidural analgesia and thoracic paravertebral blocks, to enhance recovery and reduce opioid use. Perioperative pain control challenges in lung transplantation are unique and necessitate careful consideration to prevent complications and improve outcomes.SummaryThis review emphasizes the importance of tailored pain management in heart and lung transplant recipients. It advocates for extended follow-up and alternative analgesics to minimize opioid dependency and enhance quality of life. Further high-quality research is needed to optimize postoperative analgesia and improve patient outcomes.
Relationship between Lumbar Foraminal Stenosis and Multifidus Muscle Atrophy – A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Guven Ali E. , Schönnagel Lukas , Chiapparelli Erika , Camino-Willhuber Gaston , Zhu Jiaqi , Caffard Thomas , Arzani Artine , Finos Kyle , Nathoo Isaac , Amoroso Krizia , Shue Jennifer , Sama Andrew A. , Cammisa Frank P. , Girardi Federico P. , Hughes Alexander P. 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To evaluate the relationship between lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS) and multifidus muscle atrophy.

Background.
The multifidus muscle is an important stabilizer of the lumbar spine. In LFS, the compression of the segmental nerve can give rise to radicular symptoms and back pain. LFS can impede function and induce atrophy of the segmentally innervated multifidus muscle.

Methods.
Patients with degenerative lumbar spinal conditions who underwent posterior spinal fusion for degenerative lumbar disease from December 2014 to February 2024 were analyzed. Multifidus fatty infiltration (FI) and functional cross-sectional area (fCSA) were determined at the L4 upper endplate axial level on T2- weighted MRI scans using dedicated software. Severity of LFS was assessed at all lumbar levels and sides using the Lee classification (Grade: 0 – 3). For each level, Pfirrmann and Weishaupt gradings were used to assess intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) and facet joint osteoarthritis (FJOA), respectively. Multivariable linear mixed models were run for the LFS grade of each level and side separately as the independent predictor of multifidus FI and fCSA. Each analysis was adjusted for age, sex, BMI, as well as FJOA and IVDD of the level corresponding to the LFS.

Results.
A total of 216 patients (50.5% female) with a median age of 61.6 years (IQR=52.0 – 69.0) and a median BMI of 28.1 kg/m2 (IQR=24.8 – 33.0) were included. Linear mixed model analysis revealed that higher multifidus FI (Estimate [Confidence interval]=1.7% [0.1 – 3.3], P=0.043) and lower fCSA (−18.6 mm2 [−34.3 – −2.6], P=0.022) were both significantly predicted by L2-L3 level LFS severity.

Conclusion.
The observed positive correlation between upper segment LFS and multifidus muscle atrophy points towards compromised innervation. This necessitates further research to establish the causal relationship and guide prevention efforts.
Where Do Plastic Surgery Leaders Come From? A Cross-sectional Analysis of Research Productivity
Authors: Rodriguez Megan M. , Swiekatowski Kylie R. , Tung Robert C. , Greives Matthew R. , Mathes David W. , Nguyen Phuong D. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
It is increasingly apparent that plastic surgery residency applications with lengthy research publications are the new standard in applicant competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the research history of plastic surgery program faculty leadership to understand the trends and evolution of research expectations.

Methods:
The curriculum vitaes of faculty involved in residency admissions among all US Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited integrated and independent plastic surgery programs were reviewed. Doximity, program websites, and Scopus were used to gather information. H-index and publication count at the time of medical school and residency graduations were collected. Student t test and Pearson product-moment correlation were used for analysis.

Results:
Of the 236 plastic surgeons considered, faculty averaged one publication by medical school graduation, two by general surgery residency graduation, and six by plastic surgery residency graduation. Integrated residents held more publications after medical school (1.67 versus 0.56; P = 0.09) and plastic surgery residency (8.48 versus 4.89; P = 0.01) compared with independent residents. Later plastic surgery residency graduation year correlated with more publications (P < 0.001). Chairs had higher h-indices compared with program directors and associate positions (chair: 23.7, program director: 14.7, associate: 12.2; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The majority of faculty leaders’ research was published after residency. The emerging trend of increased research volume among plastic surgeons-in-training may be a consequence of competitive research requirements to matriculate into residency. Longer-term career follow-up of newer graduates will need to be assessed to determine whether this predicts future postgraduate productivity or if it is just the price of admission to train as a plastic surgeon.
Relative Distribution of Common Breast and Chest Asymmetries in 2051 Primary Augmentation Mammoplasties in Nonptotic Subgroup of Patients
Authors: Khan Umar D. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Breast and chest asymmetries are extremely common, and primary augmentation mammoplasty can be challenging in these cases. However, there is a paucity of information on the relative distribution of these asymmetries and the implant sizes used in these patients.

Methods:
A retrospective chart review of all consecutive cases of primary augmentation mammoplasty performed by a single surgeon from May 1999 to May 2012 was conducted. Patients with chest and breast asymmetries were noted by clinical examination and observation. These patients were selected to review how many patients had similar or different-sized implants. Patients presenting with unilateral or bilateral ptosis and requiring mastopexy were excluded.

Results:
A total of 2051 patients underwent primary augmentation mammoplasty. Uneven chest wall or uneven ribs were noted in 274 patients (right more prominent 72, left more prominent 202). Of these, 169 patients had implants of the same size, and 37 patients had implants of different sizes. Similarly, 1008 patients presented with uneven breasts, and of these, 272 patients had different-sized implants. One patient needed revision surgery for implant size and breast volume readjustment.

Conclusions:
Chest and breast asymmetries are extremely common. Routine clinical examination is more than adequate to delineate such asymmetries. The majority of these patients have small differences, and not all patients with asymmetries require implants of different sizes.
Unilateral globus pallidus internus combined contralateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cervical dystonia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Liang Kun , Yin Zixiao , Gao Yuan , Han Chunlei , Giovanna Brown Kayla , Zhang Jianguo , Meng Fangang 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment modality for medication-refractory cervical dystonia (CD). In recent years, the asymmetric targets for lead implantation of DBS have become a more valued topic.

Objectives:
To explore the efficacy of the asymmetric targets for lead implantation of DBS.

Methods:
A patient with CD underwent unilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) combined contralateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation.

Results:
Although neither unilateral GPi nor STN stimulation relieved the patient’s clinical symptoms during temporary testing after surgery, the positive effect of bilateral stimulation was substantial. At the 12-month postoperative evaluation, the patient’s clinical symptoms improved remarkably, with an improvement rate of 78% compared with the preoperative assessment.

Conclusions:
Combined with the previous kinds of literature we reviewed in this article, we propose that in addition to conventional lead implantation, the option of using asymmetric targets for lead implantation can be considered when physicians encounter special conditions and can also be effective in relieving clinical symptoms in patients with CD.
Outcome of arthroscopic suturing repair of nonretracted full-thickness rotator cuff tears with fast-track rehabilitation
Authors: Yang Xinhua , Wang Zengliang , Li Guishi 
Published: August 2024

Background:
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nonretracted full-thickness rotator cuff tears with arthroscopic rotator cuff suturing, and examine whether clinical functional outcomes are superior in the fast-track rehabilitation team.

Objectives:
To study the effects of arthroscopic rotator cuff suturing in the treatment of nonretracted full-thickness rotator cuff tears.

Methods:
From August 2013 to May 2018, 68 cases of nonretracted full-thickness rotator cuff tears underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff suturing repair. Postoperatively, 35 arms were suspended with a triangular arm sling, without immobilization at abduction or the 0-degree position. The remaining 33 arms were traditionally immobilized after operation for 6 weeks. All patients were evaluated using the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Rating Scale (UCLA score), Constant-Murley score and VAS pain score before the operation and during the follow-up visits.

Results:
The follow-up time ranged from 12 to 36 months with an average of 12.1 months. All patients were satisfied with their operations. There were no significant differences in preoperative UCLA score, Constant-Murley score and VAS pain scores between the groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in these clinical function scores at follow-up. There were no significant differences in the UCLA score, Constant-Murley score, and VAS pain scores between the 2 groups at the last follow-up. However, the fast-track team had better activity motion especially in flexion and external rotation movement, suggesting that the triangular arm sling is as effective as the traditional immobilization in postoperative rehabilitation and allow patients to better perform rehabilitation exercises.

Conclusions:
Arthroscopic suturing repair is a safe, efficient and minimally invasive treatment for nonretracted full-thickness rotator cuff tears. For small nonretracted rotator cuff tears, compared with the traditional team, the fast-track rehabilitation team achieved faster recovery and higher patient’s satisfaction.
Histon activities in the extracellular environment: regulation and prothrombotic implications
Authors: Keulen Gwen M. , Huckriede Joram , Wichapong Kanin , Nicolaes Gerry A.F. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Thromboembolic complications are a major contributor to global mortality. The relationship between inflammation and coagulation pathways has become an emerging research topic where the role of the innate immune response, and specifically neutrophils in “immunothrombosis” are receiving much attention. This review aims to dissect the intricate interplay between histones (from neutrophils or cellular damage) and the haemostatic pathway, and to explore mechanisms that may counteract the potentially procoagulant effects of those histones that have escaped their nuclear localization.

Recent findings
Extracellular histones exert procoagulant effects via endothelial damage, platelet activation, and direct interaction with coagulation proteins. Neutralization of histone activities can be achieved by complexation with physiological molecules, through pharmacological compounds, or via proteolytic degradation. Details of neutralization of extracellular histones are still being studied.

Summary
Leveraging the understanding of extracellular histone neutralization will pave the way for development of novel pharmacological interventions to treat and prevent complications, including thromboembolism, in patients in whom extracellular histones contribute to their overall clinical status.