bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric Emergency Department Innovations: Preliminary Data for the Geriatric Nurse Liaison Model
Authors: Aldeen Amer Z. , Courtney D. Mark , Lindquist Lee A. , Dresden Scott M. , Gravenor Stephanie J. 
Published: August 2014

Older adults account for a large and growing segment of the emergency department (ED) population. They are often admitted to the hospital for nonurgent conditions such as dementia, impaired functional status, and gait instability. The aims of this geriatric ED innovations (GEDI) project were to develop GEDI nurse liaisons by training ED nurses in geriatric assessment and care coordination skills, describe characteristics of patients that these GEDI nurse liaisons see, and measure the admission rate of these patients. Four ED nurses participated in the GEDI training program, which consisted of 82 hours of clinical rotations in geriatrics and palliative medicine, 82 hours of didactics, and a pilot phase for refinement of the GEDI consultation process. Individuals were eligible for GEDI consultation if they had an Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) score greater than 2 or at ED clinician request. GEDI consultation was available Monday through Friday from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. An extensive database was set up to collect clinical outcomes data for all older adults in the ED before and after GEDI implementation. The liaisons underwent training from January through March 2013. From April through August 2013, 408 GEDI consultations were performed in 7,213 total older adults in the ED (5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.2–6.2%), 2,124 of whom were eligible for GEDI consultation (19.2%, 95% CI = 17.6–20.9%); 34.6% (95% CI = 30.1–39.3%) received social work consultation, 43.9% (95% CI = 39.1–48.7) received pharmacy consultation, and more than 90% received telephone follow‐up. The admission rate for GEDI patients was 44.9% (95% CI = 40.1–49.7), compared with 60.0% (95% CI = 58.8–61.2) non‐GEDI. ED nurses undergoing a 3‐month training program can develop geriatric‐specific assessment skills. Implementation of these skills in the ED may be associated with fewer admissions of older adults.
Anthropometric and craniofacial sexual dimorphism in obstructive sleep apnea patients: is there male–female phenotypical convergence?
Authors: Perri Rita A. , Kairaitis Kristina , Wheatley John R. , Amis Terence C. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more common in men than women. Body size is greater in males (sexual dimorphism), but large body habitus is associated with OSA for both genders. We speculated that male–female phenotypical convergence (reduced sexual dimorphism via identical phenotype acquisition) occurs with OSA and tested hypotheses: (1) phenotypical features pathogenic for OSA differ between OSA and healthy subjects irrespective of gender; and (2) such characteristics exhibit phenotypical convergence. Utilizing an existing database, we calculated male–female (group average) ratios for eight anthropometric and 33 surface cephalometric variables from 104 Caucasian OSA patients [72 males; apnea–hypopnea index (events h−1): males: 42.3 ± 24.7 versus females: 42.6 ± 26.1 (P > 0.9)] and 85 Caucasian, healthy, non‐OSA, community volunteers (36 males). Log‐transformed data were analysed using a general linear model with post‐hoc unpaired t‐tests and significance at P < 0.0012 (Bonferroni multiple‐comparison correction). OSA patients were older (56.9 ± 14.4 versus 38.0 ± 13.8 years), but there were no within‐group gender‐based age differences. All anthropometric variables (except height), plus cranial base width, mandibular breadth and retromandibular width diagonal were larger in gender‐matched OSA versus healthy comparisons; thus satisfying hypothesis (1). Male–female ratios were mostly >1.0 across groups, but with no significant group × gender interactions no variable satisfied hypothesis (2). Thus, in this exploratory study, OSA patients had gender‐common phenotypical differences to healthy subjects, but sexual dimorphism was preserved. Lack of complete phenotypical convergence may indicate gender‐based critical phenotype‐level attainment for OSA and/or gender‐based OSA prevalence arises from factors other than those in this study.
Stress modulation of cellular metabolic sensors: interaction of stress from temperature and rainfall on the intertidal limpetCellana toreuma
Authors: Dong Yun‐wei , Han Guo‐dong , Huang Xiong‐wei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn the natural environment, organisms are exposed to large variations in physical conditions. Quantifying such physiological responses is, however, often performed in laboratory acclimation studies, in which usually only a single factor is varied. In contrast, field acclimatization may expose organisms to concurrent changes in several environmental variables. The interactions of these factors may have strong effects on organismal function. In particular, rare events that occur stochastically and have relatively short duration may have strong effects. The present experiments studied levels of expression of several genes associated with cellular stress and metabolic regulation in a field population of limpetCellana toreumathat encountered a wide range of temperatures plus periodic rain events. Physiological responses to these variable conditions were quantified by measuring levels of mRNAof genes encoding heat‐shock proteins (Hsps) and metabolic sensors (AMPKs andSirtuin 1). Our results reveal high ratios of individuals in upregulation group of stress‐related gene expression at high temperature and rainy days, indicating the occurrence of stress from both prevailing high summer temperatures and occasional rainfall during periods of emersion. At high temperature, stress due to exposure to rainfall may be more challenging than heat stress alone. The highly variable physiological performances of limpets in their natural habitats indicate the possible differences in capability for physiological regulation among individuals. Our results emphasize the importance of studies of field acclimatization in unravelling the effects of environmental change on organisms, notably in the context of multiple changes in abiotic factors that are accompanying global change.
The hidden history of the snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus: extensive mitochondrial DNA introgression inferred from multilocus genetic variation
Authors: Melo‐Ferreira José , Seixas Fernando A. , Cheng Ellen , Mills L. Scott , Alves Paulo C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHybridization drives the evolutionary trajectory of many species or local populations, and assessing the geographic extent and genetic impact of interspecific gene flow may provide invaluable clues to understand population divergence or the adaptive relevance of admixture. In North America, hares (Lepus spp.) are key species for ecosystem dynamics and their evolutionary history may have been affected by hybridization. Here we reconstructed the speciation history of the three most widespread hares in North America – the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus), the white‐tailed jackrabbit (L. townsendii) and the black‐tailed jackrabbit (L. californicus) – by analysing sequence variation at eight nuclear markers and one mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) locus (6240 bp; 94 specimens). A multilocus–multispecies coalescent‐based phylogeny suggests that L. americanus diverged ~2.7 Ma and that L. californicus and L. townsendii split more recently (~1.2 Ma). Within L. americanus, a deep history of cryptic divergence (~2.0 Ma) was inferred, which coincides with major speciation events in other North American species. While the isolation‐with‐migration model suggested that nuclear gene flow was generally rare or absent among species or major genetic groups, coalescent simulations of mtDNA divergence revealed historical mtDNA introgression from L. californicus into the Pacific Northwest populations of L. americanus. This finding marks a history of past reticulation between these species, which may have affected other parts of the genome and influence the adaptive potential of hares during climate change.
Behavioural weight management programmes for adults assessed by trials conducted in everyday contexts: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hartmann‐Boyce J. , Johns D. J. , Jebb S. A. , Summerbell C. , Aveyard P. ,   Behavioural Weight Management Review Group
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis of effectiveness trials comparing multicomponent behavioural weight management programmes with controls in overweight and obese adults set out to determine the effectiveness of these interventions implemented in routine practice. To be included, interventions must have been multicomponent, delivered by the therapists who would deliver the intervention in routine practice and in that same context, and must be widely available or feasible to implement with little additional infrastructure or staffing. Searches of electronic databases were conducted, and augmented by screening reference lists and contacting experts (November 2012). Data were extracted by two reviewers, with mean difference between intervention and control for 12‐month change in weight, blood pressure, lipids and glucose calculated using baseline observation carried forward. Data were also extracted on adverse events, quality of life and mood measures. Although there were many published efficacy trials, only eight effectiveness trials met the inclusion criteria. Pooled results from five study arms providing access to commercial weight management programmes detected significant weight loss at 12 months (mean difference −2.22 kg, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.90 to −1.54). Results from two arms of a study testing a commercial programme providing meal replacements also detected significant weight loss (mean difference −6.83 kg, 95% CI −8.39 to −5.26). In contrast, pooled results from five interventions delivered by primary care teams showed no evidence of an effect on weight (mean difference −0.45 kg, 95% CI −1.34 to 0.43). One study testing an interactive web‐based intervention detected a significant effect in favour of the intervention at 12 months, but the study was judged to be at high risk of bias and the effect did not persist at 18 months. Few studies reported other outcomes, limiting comparisons between interventions. Few trials have examined the effectiveness of behavioural weight loss programmes delivered in everyday contexts. These trials suggest that commercial interventions delivered in the community are effective for achieving weight loss. There is no evidence that interventions delivered within primary care settings by generalist primary care teams trained in weight management achieve meaningful weight loss.
Improving Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients with Implantable Cardiac Devices by Means of a Remote Monitoring and Management Application
Authors: ZOPPO FRANCO , FACCHIN DOMENICO , MOLON GIULIO , ZANOTTO GABRIELE , CATANZARITI DOMENICO , ROSSILLO ANTONIO , BACCILLIERI MARIA STELLA , MENARD CECILE , COMISSO JENNIFER , GENTILI ALESSANDRA , GRAMMATICO ANDREA , BERTAGLIA EMANUELE , PROCLEMER ALESSANDRO 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is common in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) and has been associated with an increased stroke risk. The aim of our project was to assess the clinical value of a web‐based application, Discovery Link AFinder, in improving AF detection in CIED patients.Methods and ResultsSeven Italian hospitals performed an observational study consisting of four phases. During phase 1, expert nurses and cardiologists prospectively followed‐up CIED patients via in‐hospital examinations and remote monitoring, and classified clinically relevant events, particularly AF occurrence. During phase 2, Discovery Link AFinder was exploited to identify patients who had suffered AF in the previous 12 months through the systematic scanning of device data remote transmissions. Phases 3 and 4 were repetitions of phases 1 and 2, respectively, and were implemented 6 months after the previous phases. A total of 472 consecutive patients were included in phase 1; AF occurred in 170 patients, 61 of whom were identified as new AF patients. Evidence of AF during this phase prompted prescription of oral anticoagulation (OAC) therapy in 30 patients. In phase 2, AFinder uncovered new AF, unidentified in phase 1, in 54 patients and prompted implementation of OAC therapy in 11 patients. During phase 3, 30 new AF patients were identified by means of remote monitoring, while during phase 4, a further three AF patients were identified by AFinder only.ConclusionsThe AFinder web‐based software, applied on top of standard in‐hospital and remote monitoring, improved AF detection and enabled OAC treatment to be undertaken.
Association between non‐medical prescription drug use and personality traits among young Swiss men
Authors: N'Goran Alexandra A. , Baggio Stéphanie , Deline Stéphane , Studer Joseph , Mohler‐Kuo Meichun , Daeppen Jean‐Bernard , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: August 2014

AimTo investigate the relationships between six classes of non‐medical prescription drug use (NMPDU) and five personality traits.MethodsRepresentative baseline data on 5777 Swiss men around 20 years old were taken from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors. NMPDU of opioid analgesics, sedatives/sleeping pills, anxiolytics, antidepressants, beta‐blockers and stimulants over the previous 12 months was measured. Personality was assessed using the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale; attention deficit–hyperactivity (ADH) using the Adult Attention‐Deficit–Hyperactivity Disorder Self‐Report Scale; and aggression/hostility, anxiety/neuroticism and sociability using the Zuckerman–Kuhlmann Personality Questionnaire. Logistic regression models for each personality trait were fitted, as were seven multiple logistic regression models predicting each NMPDU adjusting for all personality traits and covariates.ResultsAround 10.7% of participants reported NMPDU in the last 12 months, with opioid analgesics most prevalent (6.7%), then sedatives/sleeping pills (3.0%), anxiolytics (2.7%), and stimulants (1.9%). Sensation seeking (SS), ADH, aggression/hostility, and anxiety/neuroticism (but not sociability) were significantly positively associated with at least one drug class (OR varied between 1.24, 95%CI: 1.04–1.48 and 1.86, 95%CI: 1.47–2.35). Aggression/hostility, anxiety/neuroticism and ADH were significantly and positively related to almost all NMPDU. Sociability was inversely related to NMPDU of sedatives/sleeping pills and anxiolytics (OR, 0.70; 95%CI: 0.51–0.96 and OR, 0.64; 95%CI: 0.46–0.90, respectively). SS was related only to stimulant use (OR, 1.74; 95%CI: 1.14–2.65).ConclusionPeople with higher scores for ADH, aggression/hostility and anxiety/neuroticism are at higher risk of NMPDU. Sociability appeared to protect from NMPDU of sedatives/sleeping pills and anxiolytics.
Exploring Precarious Employment and Women's Health within the Context of U.S. Microenterprise Using Focus Groups
Authors: Salt Rebekah , Lee Jongwon 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveNursing has been a leader in exploring social determinants of health within the context of U.S. microenterprise and women's health. The purpose of this study was to explore precarious employment within the context of microenterprise and women's health using focus groups with clientele from New Mexico (NM). The specific aims were to identify (1) the health concerns of low‐income women who utilized resources from Women's Economic Self‐Sufficiency Team (WESST), and (2) the meaning of precarious employment in low‐income women's lives.Design and strategyFourteen women, ranging in age from 21–65 years, who were affiliated with regional WESST sites around NM participated in focus groups and completed a demographic questionnaire.MeasuresFocus group data were analyzed using content analysis. The degree of interrater agreement was determined by calculating the Cohen's kappa, percentage agreement, and prevalence‐adjusted and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK).ResultsTwo broad themes emerged from these data: (1) Working for Yourself and (2) Strategies. Although the women identified concerns about participation in microenterprise, flexibility, freedom, and feeling purposeful were motivators to pursue a small business. The kappa statistics on the five transcripts revealed poor inter‐rater agreement, yet PABAK, which is a more sophisticated inter‐rater reliability index, indicated that inter‐rater agreement between the two raters was satisfactory.ConclusionDespite the challenges associated with microenterprise in the US, women found value in working for themselves.
Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seeds Inhibit UV–Radiation‐Induced Immune Suppression in Mice: Detection and Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Targets
Authors: Katiyar Santosh K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractUltraviolet (UV)–radiation‐induced immunosuppression has been linked with the risk of skin carcinogenesis. Approximately, 2 million new cases of skin cancers, including melanoma and nonmelanoma, diagnosed each year in the USA and therefore have a tremendous bad impact on public health. Dietary phytochemicals are promising options for the development of effective strategy for the prevention of photodamaging effects of UV radiation including the risk of skin cancer. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are such phytochemicals. Dietary administration of GSPs with AIN76A control diet significantly inhibits UV‐induced skin tumor development as well as suppression of immune system. UV‐induced suppression of immune system is commonly determined using contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model which is a prototype of T–cell‐mediated immune response. We present evidence that inhibition of UV‐induced suppression of immune system by GSPs is mediated through: (i) the alterations in immunoregulatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)‐10 and IL‐12, (ii) DNA repair, (iii) stimulation of effector T cells and (iv) DNA repair‐dependent functional activation of dendritic cells in mouse model. These information have important implications for the use of GSPs as a dietary supplement in chemoprevention of UV‐induced immunosuppression as well as photocarcinogenesis.
Violators amongst Us: International Regimes and the Role of Compliance, a Case Study on Official Development Assistance
Authors: Dobransky Steve 
Published: August 2014

This article extensively reviews and evaluates international regime theory and the importance of noncompliance. It uses international foreign aid, specifically official development assistance (ODA), to test regime theory and compliance levels. Many scholars have argued that states tend to comply fully with regime tenets based upon rationality, common values, and other reasons. TheODAcase study presents a strong argument against past claims, as it demonstrates that regimes can have large‐scale violations from the beginning and over the long term. This study measures the limits and effectiveness of regime theory and develops a more comprehensive and current perspective. I propose a new definition of international regimes and offer a concise description of the purposes and characteristics of regimes. This is the first major study emphasizing noncompliance as a key theoretical and real‐world issue. It hopes to encourage the continued search to improve understanding of international regimes and their operations.Related ArticlesNisley,Thomas.2013. “.”Politics & Policy41():536‐562.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12027/abstractHarris,Paul G.2008. “.”Politics & Policy36():914‐943.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00145.x/abstractDannehl,Charles R.andRogerRose.1999. “.”Southeastern Political Review27():491‐524.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.1999.tb00547.x/abstract
Factors relevant to pre‐veliger nutrition ofTridacnidae giant clams
Authors: Waters Charles G. , Lindsay Steve , Costello Mark J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTridacnid giant clams are of commercial interest for their nutritional, economic, and ecological significance throughout theIndo‐Pacific andOceania. A major impediment to culturing tridacnid giant clams is larval mortality, typically >96%. The effects of suspended and particulate nutrients on tridacnid veliger development have been examined, but factors relevant to the nutritional condition of oocytes and trochophore larvae are unknown. This is significant because the nutritional transition from trochophore to veliger coincides with rises in larval mortality. Our review examines culture techniques known to enhance gamete viability of several marine viable bivalves of commercial interest, and critically assesses whether such methods are applicable to tridacnids in culture conditions. Techniques for optimizing the nutritional requirements of pre‐veliger tridacnids such as broodstock conditioning by supplemental feeding, monitoring the condition of oocytes ready for release, water temperature, egg attributes such as size and biochemical composition, and nutrient loads in culture water chemistry are examined. We include suggestions for optimizing nutritional conditions from gametogenesis through embryonic development, and conclude with a primer of research opportunities based on gaps in our understanding of tridacnid pre‐veliger nutrition compared with other bivalves. A major conclusion is that culture protocols should include pre‐veliger nutritional fitness as a critical factor in enhancing larval survival, growth and development.
Effects of Prolonged in vitro Culture and Cryopreservation on Viability, DNA Fragmentation, Chromosome Stability and Ultrastructure of Bovine Cells from Amniotic Fluid and Umbilical Cord
Authors: da Cunha ER , Martins CF , Silva CG , Bessler HC , Báo SN 
Published: August 2014

ContentsThe objective of this work was to study cellular types that did not participated in the gastrulation process, amniotic fluid cells (AFCs) and umbilical cord cells (UCCs), in conditions of long‐term culture and cryopreserved with different solutions. The AFCs and UCCs were used in a comparative study with ear fibroblast cells (EFCs) that were cultured in vitro until 20 cellular passages and cryopreserved in 10% dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), 5% dimethyl formamide (DMF) and 7% glycerol (Gly) solutions. The cellular viability, ultrastructure, DNA fragmentation and chromosome stability were evaluated to determine the cellular type most resistant. In all cell types, it was possible to evaluate the AFCs until 15 passages and UCCs until 20 passages with different periods of cellular growth to reach the confluence phase. Solutions containing 10% DMSO ensured viability of 90.33 ± 5.58%, 90.56 ± 4.40% and 81.90 ± 3.31%, respectively for EFCs, AFCs and UCCs, being significantly more efficient and with less variation than other cryoprotectant solutions. The AFCs were more sensitive to cryopreservation and presented low viability rate at the passage 20 (17.2 ± 8.87%). There was no change in karyotype and nuclear fragmentation was low in all cellular passages studied. With the scanning electron analysis was possible the characterization of AFCs and UCCs in suspension. The three cellular types of cells presented different shapes and characteristics on the surface. The results demonstrate that bovine AFCs and UCCs can be isolated, cultured in vitro and cryopreserved in 10% DMSO, not causing damage to DNA and chromosomes. The UCCs were more resistant than AFCs in all aspects.