bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre-existing hyperlipidaemia increased the risk of new-onset anxiety disorders after traumatic brain injury: a 14-year population-based study
Authors: Ho Chung-Han , Hsieh Kuang-Yang , Liang Fu-Wen , Li Chia-Jung , Wang Jhi-Joung , Chio Chung-Ching , Chang Chin-Hung , Kuo Jinn-Rung 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesAnxiety disorders (ADs) are common after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the risk factors of new-onset ADs remain unclear. This study was aimed at evaluating the incidence and risk factors for new-onset ADs, including pre-existing hyperlipidaemia and three major comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease), in patients with TBI.SettingA matched cohort study was conducted using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database between January 1997 and December 2010.ParticipantsA total of 3822 participants (1274 patients with TBI with hyperlipidaemia and 2548 age-matched and gender-matched patients with TBI without hyperlipidaemia).Outcome measuresThe incidence and HRs for the development of new-onset ADs after TBI were compared between the two groups.ResultsThe overall incidence rate of new-onset ADs for patients with TBI with hyperlipidaemia is 142.03/10 000 person-years (PYs). Patients with TBI with hyperlipidaemia have a 1.60-fold incidence rate ratio (p<0.0001) and increased HR of ADs (1.58, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.02) compared with those without hyperlipidaemia. The incidence rates of ADs for males and females with hyperlipidaemia, respectively, were 142.12 and 292.32/10 000 PYs, which were higher than those without hyperlipidaemia (93.03 and 171.68/10 000 PYs, respectively). Stratified by age group, hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor of ADs for patients with TBI aged 65 years or younger.ConclusionsPre-existing hyperlipidaemia is an independent predictor of new-onset ADs in patients with TBI, even when controlling for other demographic and clinical variables. Female patients with pre-existing hyperlipidaemia had significantly higher risk of new-onset ADs than males, especially between the ages of 35 and 65 years.
‘You feel you've been bad, not ill’: Sick doctors’ experiences of interactions with the General Medical Council
Authors: Brooks Samantha K , Del Busso Lilliana , Chalder Trudie , Harvey Samuel B , Hatch Stephani L , Hotopf Matthew , Madan Ira , Henderson Max 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo explore the views of sick doctors on their experiences with the General Medical Council (GMC) and their perception of the impact of GMC involvement on return to work.DesignQualitative study.SettingUK.ParticipantsDoctors who had been away from work for at least 6 months with physical or mental health problems, drug or alcohol problems, GMC involvement or any combination of these, were eligible for inclusion into the study. Eligible doctors were recruited in conjunction with the Royal Medical Benevolent Fund, the GMC and the Practitioner Health Programme. These organisations approached 77 doctors; 19 participated. Each doctor completed an in-depth semistructured interview. We used a constant comparison method to identify and agree on the coding of data and the identification of central themes.Results18 of the 19 participants had a mental health, addiction or substance misuse problem. 14 of the 19 had interacted with the GMC. 4 main themes were identified: perceptions of the GMC as a whole; perceptions of GMC processes; perceived health impacts and suggested improvements. Participants described the GMC processes they experienced as necessary, and some elements as supportive. However, many described contact with the GMC as daunting, confusing and anxiety provoking. Some were unclear about the role of the GMC and felt that GMC communication was unhelpful, particularly the language used in correspondence. Improvements suggested by participants included having separate pathways for doctors with purely health issues, less use of legalistic language, and a more personal approach with for example individualised undertakings or conditions.ConclusionsWhile participants recognised the need for a regulator, the processes employed by the GMC and the communication style used were often distressing, confusing and perceived to have impacted negatively on their mental health and ability to return to work.
Treatment results of endosaccular coil embolization of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms in elderly patients
Authors: Oishi Hidenori , Yamamoto Munetaka , Nonaka Senshu , Shimizu Takashi , Yoshida Kensaku , Mitsuhashi Takashi , Arai Hajime 
Published: July 2014

Background and purposeWe report the results of endosaccular coil embolization of asymptomatic unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in elderly patients (≥65 years).MaterialsThere were 375 elderly patients with 400 asymptomatic UIAs. Patients were divided into two groups: group A included patients aged 65–74 years and group B patients aged ≥75 years.ResultsEndovascular procedures were completed in 97.8% of patients. Immediate anatomical outcomes showed complete occlusion in 53.7%, residual neck in 18.9%, and residual aneurysm in 27.4%. Anatomical follow-ups (mean 36.3±28.1 months) were unchanged in 55.7%, improved in 22.6%, minor recurrence in 11.5%, and major recurrence in 10.2%. Procedure related complications occurred in 31 patients (8.3%). 15 patients had ischemic and 10 hemorrhagic complications. Retreatments were performed in 16 patients (4.3%). Among 366 patients technically completed, 363 (99.2%) showed a favorable clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score <1) at 30 days. The remaining three patients showed a worsening of mRS >0 at 30 days. The latest clinical follow-up outcomes showed: mRS score 0 in 362 patients; mRS score 1 in one; mRS score 3 in one; mRS score 4 in one; and mRS score 5 in one patient. Permanent morbidity and mortality rates were 1.1% and 0%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, comorbidities, aneurysm size, neck width, dome-to-neck ratio, immediate anatomical outcomes, anatomical follow-up outcomes, or procedure related complications between the groups.ConclusionsEndosaccular coil embolization is safe and feasible for elderly patients with asymptomatic UIAs. Old age itself should not be a contraindication.
Function-Blocking ERBB3 Antibody Inhibits the Adaptive Response to RAF Inhibitor
Authors: Kugel Curtis H. , Hartsough Edward J. , Davies Michael A. , Setiady Yulius Y. , Aplin Andrew E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractERBB3/HER3 expression and signaling are upregulated in mutant BRAF melanoma as an adaptive, prosurvival response to FDA-approved RAF inhibitors. Because compensatory ERBB3 signaling counteracts the effects of RAF inhibitors, cotargeting ERBB3 may increase the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in mutant BRAF models of melanoma. Here, we corroborate this concept by showing that the ERBB3 function-blocking monoclonal antibody huHER3-8 can inhibit neuregulin-1 activation of ERBB3 and downstream signaling in RAF-inhibited melanoma cells. Targeting mutant BRAF in combination with huHER3-8 decreased cell proliferation and increased cell death in vitro, and decreased tumor burden in vivo, compared with targeting either mutant BRAF or ERBB3 alone. Furthermore, the likelihood of a durable tumor response in vivo was increased when huHER3-8 was combined with RAF inhibitor PLX4720. Together, these results offer a preclinical proof of concept for the application of ERBB3-neutralizing antibodies to enhance the efficacy of RAF inhibitors in melanoma to delay or prevent tumor regrowth. As ERBB3 is often upregulated in response to other kinase-targeted therapeutics, these findings may have implications for other cancers as well. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4122–32. ©2014 AACR.
Role of the Neural Niche in Brain Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Termini John , Neman Josh , Jandial Rahul 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Metastasis is the relentless pursuit of cancer to escape its primary site and colonize distant organs. This malignant evolutionary process is biologically heterogeneous, yet one unifying element is the critical role of the microenvironment for arriving metastatic cells. Historically, brain metastases were rarely investigated because patients with advanced cancer were considered terminal. Fortunately, advances in molecular therapies have led to patients living longer with metastatic cancer. However, one site remains recalcitrant to our treatment efforts, the brain. The central nervous system is the most complex biologic system, which poses unique obstacles but also harbors opportunities for discovery. Much of what we know about the brain microenvironment comes from neuroscience. We suggest that the interrelated cellular responses in traumatic brain injury may guide us toward new perspectives in understanding brain metastases. In this view, brain metastases may be conceptualized as progressive oncologic injury to the nervous system. This review discusses our evolving understanding of bidirectional interactions between the brain milieu and metastatic cancer. Cancer Res; 74(15); 4011–5. ©2014 AACR.
Criação e degenerescência do ensino jurídico
Authors: Reale Júnior Miguel 
Published: July 2014

Trata-se de estudo sobre a relação entre a história das faculdades de direito e a insuficiência do estudo jurídico no país. Análise do sentido das primeiras faculdades de direito no século XIX como importantes centros políticos e de formação da burocracia. Aprendizado na faculdade e não pela faculdade. Ausência de mentalidade de pesquisa e reclamo contínuo de insuficiência na formação acadêmica dos estudantes. E assim, até a década de 70. Desde então, o ensino jurídico sofre a inflação de vagas discentes no sistema, sem que haja correspondência qualitativa de docentes. Além disso, o preparo dos alunos que ingressam no sistema educacional superior é extremamente falho, e não permite o bom desenvolvimento do curso.
O engenheiro de 2020 – Uma inovação possível
Authors: Cardoso José Roberto 
Published: July 2014

Este artigo apresenta os desafios das escolas de engenharia, que devem ser superados ao final desta década. O elevado índice de evasão e as altas taxas de reprovação em disciplinas são únicos no ensino superior, de modo que algo precisa ser feito, pois a engenharia, eleita como a profissão do terceiro milênio, por ser aquela que mais agrega qualidade de vida ao ser humano, carece de um cuidado especial em face de sua importância para o país. Nesse sentido, sugerem-se investimentos em uma nova linha de pesquisa, a educação em engenharia, para dar suporte a essas ações e são apresentados modelos alternativos para tornar o curso de engenharia mais atraente. A criação de um espaço lúdico, que alie a engenharia às artes e ao design, talvez seja a ação mais efetiva para a integração das engenharias às outras profissões, sendo esta a solução para acelerar o desabrochar do processo criativo e inovador do jovem estudante.
Three-Dimensional Carotid Ultrasound Plaque Texture Predicts Vascular Events
Authors: van Engelen Arna , Wannarong Thapat , Parraga Grace , Niessen Wiro J. , Fenster Aaron , Spence J. David , de Bruijne Marleen 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Carotid ultrasound atherosclerosis measurements, including those of the arterial wall and plaque, provide a way to monitor patients at risk of vascular events. Our objective was to examine carotid ultrasound plaque texture measurements and the change in carotid plaque texture during 1 year in patients at risk of events and to compare these with measurements of plaque volume and other risk factors as predictors of vascular events.

Methods—
We evaluated 298 patients with carotid atherosclerosis using 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound at baseline and after 1 year and measured carotid plaque volume and 376 measures of plaque texture. Patients were followed up to 5 years (median [range], 3.12 [0.77–4.66]) for myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, and stroke. Sparse Cox regression was used to select the most predictive plaque texture measurements in independent training sets using a 10-fold cross-validation, repeated 5×, to ensure unbiased results.

Results—

Receiver operator curves and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that changes in texture and total plaque volume combined provided the best predictor of vascular events. In multivariate Cox regression, changes in plaque texture (median hazard ratio, 1.4;
P
<0.001) and total plaque volume (median hazard ratio, 1.5 per 100 mm
3
;
P
<0.001) were both significant predictors, whereas the Framingham risk score was not.

Conclusions—
Changes in both plaque texture and volume are strongly predictive of vascular events. In high-risk patients, 3D ultrasound plaque measurements should be considered for vascular event risk prediction.
High Prevalence of Atrial Fibrillation Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Friberg Leif , Rosenqvist Mårten , Lindgren Arne , Terént Andreas , Norrving Bo , Asplund Kjell 
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cause of devastating but potentially preventable stroke. Estimates of the prevalence of AF among patients with stroke vary considerably because of difficulties in detection of intermittent, silent AF. Better recognition of AF in this patient group may help to identify and offer protection to individuals at risk. Our aim was to determine the nationwide prevalence of AF among patients with ischemic stroke, as well as their use of oral anticoagulation.

Methods—
Cross-sectional study of unselected patients in cross-linked nationwide Swedish health registers. All 94 083 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the nationwide stroke register Riks-Stroke between 2005 and 2010 were studied. Information about previously diagnosed AF, and comorbidity, was obtained from the nationwide Patient Register and cross-referenced with the national Drug Register containing data on all dispensed pharmacological prescriptions in Sweden.

Results—

Combination of data from Riks-Stroke and from the Patient Register showed that 31 428 (33.4%) patients with ischemic stroke had previously known, or newly diagnosed, AF. Of those, only 16.2% had received warfarin in a pharmacy within 6 months before stroke onset. After hospital discharge, only 35.0% of the survivors received warfarin within the first 3 months after discharge. The likelihood for underlying AF was strongly correlated to the CHA
2
DS
2
-VASC score, which is a point based scheme for assessment of stroke risk in AF but which also predicts likelihood of AF. In this scheme points are given for age, previous stroke or transient ischemic attack, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, vascular disease and female sex.

Conclusions—

Access to nationwide register data shows that AF is more common among patients with ischemic stroke than those previously reported. Few patients with stroke and AF had anticoagulant treatment before the event, and few got it after the event. CHA
2
DS
2
-VASc could be a useful monitoring tool to intensify efforts to diagnose AF among patients with cryptogenic stroke.
Fecundity of the langoustine Metanephrops mozambicus Macpherson, 1990 (Decapoda, Nephropidae) in eastern South Africa
Authors: Robey James , Groeneveld Johan C. 
Published: July 2014

The fecundity of the langoustineMetanephrops mozambicusMacpherson, 1990 was investigated using egg-bearing females caught in commercial trawls off eastern South Africa. A generalized linear model (GLM) framework was used to assess fecundity and egg diameter relative to langoustine carapace length (CL) and egg developmental stage. Fecundity ranged from 407 to 1606 eggs per clutch, increased with increasing CL and decreased between egg stages 1 and 4. Egg diameter increased significantly between stages 1 and 4 and larger females carried larger eggs. Egg loss during incubation was estimated at 10%. Four egg stages used during field sampling were re-examined and illustrated. A late stage embryo removed from an egg about to hatch appeared to be adapted to a benthic, rather than natatory existence.
Identification of common cladocerans and calanoids in two south Australian reservoirs using DNA barcoding and morphological analysis: an integrative approach
Authors: Sharma P. , Elias Gutierrez M. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: July 2014

Valid identification of species of freshwater zooplankton is the first step to understand population structures, abundance, and diversity in the pelagic environment. While some Australian taxa can be easily identified morphologically, e.g.,Calamoecia ampulla(Searle, 1911), most other species of freshwater micrometazoans are difficult to identify without specialised training, resulting in limited and even incorrect identification of the various taxa. The use of DNA barcodes, for species identification and discrimination, has added a new dimension to the traditional phenotypic approach and allows researchers to understand the patterns of genetic variability and to overcome taxonomic difficulties in the identification of the species from different life history stages. We used mitochondrial gene cytochrome coxidase I (COI) to examine the species status of common planktonic microcrustaceans in two South Australian reservoirs. COI analyses indicated that the zooplankton specimens examined from the order Diplostraca and the class Maxillopoda, which were assigned binomial names a priori from the generaBosmina,Boeckella,Chydorus,CalamoeciaandDaphnia, possessed distinct COI sequences and nested cohesively within the genealogy, except for individuals ofCeriodaphniacf.cornutaand aCeriodaphniaspecies complex that formed 4 clusters. These clusters were not explicitly identified morphologically. The present study does improve and contribute to the understanding of the status of taxonomy and biogeography of micro-crustaceans in South Australia. This information is crucial for the application of these species in studies of local and regional environmental change over varying time scales. We recommend the integration of traditional morphology with DNA barcoding-based examination, to facilitate species identification, especially for applied research.
Comparison of Near-Surface Air Temperatures and MODIS Ice-Surface Temperatures at Summit, Greenland (2008–13)
Authors: Shuman Christopher A. , Hall Dorothy K. , DiGirolamo Nicolo E. , Mefford Thomas K. , Schnaubelt Michael J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe stability of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) product from Terra was investigated for use as a climate-quality data record. The availability of climate-quality air temperature data TA from a NOAA observatory at Greenland’s Summit Station has enabled this high-temporal-resolution study of MODIS ISTs. During a >5-yr period (July 2008–August 2013), more than 2500 IST values were compared with ±3-min-average TA values from NOAA’s primary 2-m temperature sensor. This enabled an expected small offset between air and ice-sheet surface temperatures (TA > IST) to be investigated over multiple annual cycles. The principal findings of this study show 1) that IST values are slightly colder than the TA values near freezing but that this offset increases as temperature decreases and 2) that there is a pattern in IST–TA differences as the solar zenith angle (SoZA) varies annually. This latter result largely explains the progressive offset from the in situ data at colder temperatures but also indicates that the MODIS cloud mask is less accurate approaching and during the polar night. The consistency of the results over each year in this study indicates that MODIS provides a platform for remotely deriving surface temperature data, with the resulting IST data being most compatible with in situ TA data when the sky is clear and the SoZA is less than ~85°. The ongoing development of the IST dataset should benefit from improved cloud filtering as well as algorithm modifications to account for the progressive offset from TA at colder temperatures.
Multidecadal Changes in the Frequency and Ambient Conditions of Warm Season Convective Storms over the Northeastern United States
Authors: Li Harrison , Colle Brian A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Long-term changes in warm season (April–September) convective storm frequency over the northeastern United States (NEUS) and the environmental conditions favoring such storms are explored from 1979 to 2010. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to create thresholds for predicting annual warm season convective storm frequency over various small regions of the NEUS by relating the convective precipitation fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) along with reflectivity data from the National Operational Weather Radar (NOWrad) archive at 2-km grid spacing from 1996 to 2006 to convective parameters in the reanalyses. On average, convective frequency is greatest across inland areas of the NEUS, particularly southern Pennsylvania, with a sharp decrease along the immediate coast. Across western Pennsylvania convective storm frequency has significantly (p &lt; 0.01) decreased from 1979 to 2010, while closer to the coast convective frequency has increased slightly. There has also been a corresponding trend in warm season convective precipitation amounts, with decreasing amounts over inland Pennsylvania and increasing amounts near the coast. This general pattern of inland decreases and coastal increases is largely related to trends in low-level instability, which are attributable mainly to changes in low-level moisture. Analyzing convective parameters over small regions is an important consideration for future climate studies of convection, since using a single LDA threshold over a region encompassing a large portion of the NEUS failed to capture significant spatial differences in convective frequency and was substantially less accurate than using separate thresholds for smaller regions of the NEUS.
Role of Climate Feedback in El Niño–Like SST Response to Global Warming
Authors: Song Xiaoliang , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Under global warming from the doubling of CO2, the equatorial Pacific experiences an El Niño–like warming, as simulated by most global climate models. A new climate feedback and response analysis method (CFRAM) is applied to 10 years of hourly output of the slab ocean model (SOM) version of the NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3.0, (CCSM3-SOM) to determine the processes responsible for this warming. Unlike the traditional surface heat budget analysis, the CFRAM can explicitly quantify the contributions of each radiative climate feedback and of each physical and dynamical process of a GCM to temperature changes. The mean bias in the sum of partial SST changes due to each feedback derived with CFRAM in the tropical Pacific is negligible (0.5%) compared to the mean SST change from the CCSM3-SOM simulations, with a spatial pattern correlation of 0.97 between the two. The analysis shows that the factors contributing to the El Niño–like SST warming in the central Pacific are different from those in the eastern Pacific. In the central Pacific, the largest contributor to El Niño–like SST warming is dynamical advection, followed by PBL diffusion, water vapor feedback, and surface evaporation. In contrast, in the eastern Pacific the dominant contributor to El Niño–like SST warming is cloud feedback, with water vapor feedback further amplifying the warming.