bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shox2regulates progression through chondrogenesis in the mouse proximal limb
Authors: Bobick Brent E. , Cobb John 
Published: October 2012

SummaryIn humans, loss of SHOX gene function is responsible for the mesomelic short stature characteristic of Turner syndrome, Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, and Langer dysplasia. In a mouse model of SHOX deficiency, Prrx1-Cre-driven limb-specific deletion of the paralogous gene Shox2 results in severe rhizomelia. In this study, we show that Col2a1-Cre-driven deletion of Shox2 in developing chondrocytes also results in shortening of the stylopodial skeleton (i.e. humerus, femur) and that this rhizomelia is due to precocious chondrocyte maturation and hypertrophy. We demonstrate, using the micromass culture model system, that increased BMP activity triggers accelerated maturation and hypertrophy in Col2a1-Cre Shox2 mutant chondrocytes and we confirm in vivo that elevated transcript levels and expanded expression domains of Bmp2 and 4 are associated with premature formation of the hypertrophic zone in mutant humeri. In micromass cultures of Prrx1-Cre Shox2 mutant limb cells, we find that Shox2 deletion in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells results in increased BMP activity that enhances early chondrogenesis, but is insufficient to provoke chondrocyte maturation and hypertrophy. Similarly, shRNA-mediated Shox2 knockdown in multipotent C3H10T1/2 cells and primary mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells results in spontaneous chondrogenesis in the absence of chondrostimulation, but again fails to induce progression through the later stages of chondrogenic differentiation. Importantly, exogenous BMP supplementation can overcome the block to maturation and hypertrophy caused by Shox2 depletion prior to overt chondrogenesis. Thus, we provide evidence that Shox2 regulates progression through chondrogenesis at two distinct stages – the onset of early differentiation and the transition to maturation and hypertrophy.
Factors shaping the ontogeny of vocal signals in a wild parrot
Authors: Berg Karl S. , Beissinger Steven R. , Bradbury Jack W. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryParrots rely heavily on vocal signals to maintain their social and mobile lifestyles. We studied vocal ontogeny in nests of wild green-rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) in Venezuela. We identified three successive phases of vocal signaling that corresponded closely to three independently derived phases of physiological development. For each ontogenetic phase, we characterized the relative importance of anatomical constraints, motor skills necessary for responding to specific contexts of the immediate environment, and the learning of signals that are necessary for adult forms of communication. We observed shifts in the relative importance of these three factors as individuals progressed from one stage to the next; there was no single fixed ratio of factors that applied across the entire ontogenetic sequence. The earliest vocalizations were short in duration as predicted from physical constraints and under-developed motor control. Calls became longer and frequency modulated during intermediate nestling ages in line with motor skills required for competitive begging. In the week before fledging, calls drastically shortened in accordance with the flight-constrained short durations of adult contact calls. The latter constraints were made evident by the demonstrated links between wing-assisted incline running, a widespread prelude to avian flight, just before the shift from long duration begging calls to short duration contact calls. At least in this species, the shifting emphases of factors at different ontogenetic stages precluded the morphing of the intermediate stage begging calls into adult contact calls; as shown in a prior study (Berg et al. 2012), the latter are influenced by sample templates provided by parents.
Stripe and Network Formation of Particle Arrays Fabricated by Convective Self-assembly
Authors: Sakamoto Ryuichi , Hataguchi Yoshiki , Kimura Ryosuke , Tsuchiya Katsumi , Mori Yasushige 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Films of silica-particle arrays patterned in stripes and networks were prepared with the aid of convective self-assembly: a simple technique for ordering particles into two- or three-dimensional arrays. With this technique, stripe- and network-patterned films were fabricated by periodically dragging a small volume of colloidal silica suspension on a substrate with a low contact angle for the suspension used. The network and stripe structures could be controlled by changing the particle concentration and withdrawal distance.
Does collaborative research enhance the integration of research, policy and practice? The case of the Dutch Health Broker Partnership
Authors: Krebbekx Willemijn , Harting Janneke , Stronks Karien 
Published: October 2012

Objectives: A gap between health services research and practice has been identified: research findings often do not find their way into practice. Our objective was to explore the potential of collaborative research to bridge this gap in one specific area, health promotion, and to determine factors that influence the development of theory-based practice and practice-based theory. Methods: This was investigated in an exploratory single-case study. First, we designed an analytical framework for collaborative research. Next, we used this framework to analyse developments in the Dutch Health Broker Partnership, which involved researchers, policymakers and practitioners. Data consisted of transcripts of the meetings of the Partnership over an 18-month period, as well as interviews with its 13 members. Results: The development of theory-based practice and practice-based theory failed to progress beyond the initial stages, although practitioners’ actions did become more comprehensive and researchers’ thinking became more influenced by practical limitations and local contexts. The heterogeneity of the Partnership facilitated as well as impeded the progress of these developments. Conclusions: Although collaborative research may serve as a tool to narrow the gap between research and practice, discussing the collaborative process and partner heterogeneity among the partners at the outset may be a necessary prerequisite to achieving the full potential of any partnership, which is limited by the ambivalent influence of partner heterogeneity. Collaborative research may, therefore, additionally benefit from continuous cross-domain orchestration and boundary work.
Local cooling effect on perforation rates comparing the 980–1470 nm laser wavelengths used with endovenous laser ablation: double blind in vitro experimental study
Authors: Tarhan I A , Dumantepe M , Yurdakul I , Kehlibar T , Ozler A 
Published: October 2012

Objective Endovenous laser treatment (EVLA) is fast gaining acceptance as an alternative to open surgery for the treatment of saphenous vein incompetence. The method of action of these techniques is based on heat, making tumescence anaesthesia necessity. Heat-induced complications may occur with inadequate application of tumescent anaesthesia. Our hypothesis was, local cooling effect of tumescent anaesthesia on tunica adventitia might be kept undamaged from disruption due to the thermal injury. Methods We experimented with two popular laser wavelengths (980 and 1470 nm) and with two different thermal media (+4 and +24°C) in vitro for perforation. Twenty different 12 cm length vein pieces were numbered randomly to set up four groups of the experiment. Endovenous laser procedures were applied in same manner in a unique design test tube with same energy density per pieces on same duration (10 W/second) (linear endovenous energy density 60 J/cm). Procedure video was recorded for macroscopic perforations. All postprocedure vein segments were examined microscopically. Results Activities of both wavelengths were much better in cold medium ( P < 0.05). Cold tumescent anaesthesia reduces the bleeding complication rate. But the performance of 1470 nm laser was better than that of 980 nm in cold environment ( P = 0.0136). Conclusions It can be commented that reducing the ambient temperature is more beneficial than modifying the laser wavelength on perforation rates. Therefore we suppose tumescent anaesthesia temperature is effective on perforation independently from the wavelengths or type of the laser fibre.
Evaluation of the Impact of Computerized Prescriber Order Entry on Medication Use System Performance at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Dow Jordan , Brummond Philip , Cesarz Joseph , Ludwig Brad , Rough Steve 
Published: October 2012

Purpose To evaluate the impact of computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) on 3 elements of medication use system performance: inpatient medication override dispense rates from automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs), medication first-dose turnaround time (TAT), and pharmacist perception of the medication orders management process. Methods A pre-post intervention trial design was used to assess each of the 3 medication use system elements. The intervention was CPOE implementation. The ADC override outcomes evaluated were the total number of overrides and the presence of appropriate documentation for each override. One week random samples of override data from the pre-CPOE and post-CPOE time periods were analyzed. The medication TAT outcomes studied were mean time from order entry by the prescriber to time of order verification and mean time from order entry by the prescriber to time of medication administration. Electronically collected data post CPOE were compared to manually collected data pre CPOE. The primary pharmacist perception outcome assessed was overall satisfaction with the medication orders management process. The pre- and post-CPOE data were collected through an electronic survey conducted after CPOE implementation. Results Following the implementation of CPOE, the relative number of medication override dispenses decreased by 58%, but documentation worsened by 73%. The mean time from order entry to order verification improved by 76%, and the mean TAT for intravenous antibiotics improved by 31%. Pharmacist overall satisfaction with the medication orders management process improved by 23%. Conclusion The implementation of CPOE resulted in improvement in each of the 3 medication use system elements assessed.
The Laboratory and the New Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Tripodi Armando 
Published: October 2012

BACKGROUND
The new oral anticoagulants (NOAs) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban have proved effective and safe when used in clinical trials, without a need to adjust the dose in response to laboratory testing. This demonstrated efficacy does not necessarily mean that the laboratory, considered the mainstay for the management of the old anticoagulants, will no longer play a role in treatment with NOAs.

CONTENT
Laboratories are involved in the management of anticoagulants in 2 ways. The first, monitoring, implies laboratory testing to assess the drug's effect and to adjust the dosage to maintain anticoagulation within the therapeutic interval. This consideration applies to the old drugs. The second way, measurement, implies laboratory evaluations of drug effect to determine whether patients are under- or over-anticoagulated, information that can be useful for decision-making in special circumstances. The latter applies to NOAs.

SUMMARY
Measurements of the effect of NOAs are indicated in several situations: (a) patients with adverse events (i.e., thrombotic/hemorrhagic), particularly those who present with overdosage owing to excessive drug intake or decreased clearance; (b) patients undergoing surgical procedures for ensuring that no residual drug remains in the circulation; (c) patients requiring anticoagulation reversal because of life-threatening hemorrhage; (d) patients with renal insufficiency, who are likely to accumulate the drug in the circulation; (e) patients with liver failure, because NOAs are metabolized by the liver; (f) patients taking other drugs that might increase/decrease the effects of NOAs via drug–drug interactions. The choice of tests is based on such characteristics as availability, linearity of the dose–response curve, standardization, and responsiveness to increasing drug dosage. Practitioners need to be aware that NOAs can interfere with the measurement of common hemostasis parameters.
REVIEWS
Authors: Lease Bryce , O'Brien Cormac , Anderson Michael P. , Baron Michelle R. 
Published: October 2012

FEMINIST VISIONS AND QUEER FUTURES IN POSTCOLONIAL DRAMA: COMMUNITY, KINSHIP, AND CITIZENSHIP, KANIKA BATRA (2011) Abingdon: Routledge, 178 pp., ISBN: 978-0-415-87591, hbk, £85
THE DRAMA OF MARRIAGE: GAY PLAYWRIGHTS/STRAIGHT UNIONS FROM OSCAR WILDE TO THE PRESENT, JOHN M. CLUM
(2011) Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 230 pp., ISBN: 9780230338401, hbk, £55.00
CHANGED FOR GOOD: A FEMINIST HISTORY OF THE BROADWAY MUSICAL, STACY WOLF (2011) New York: Oxford University Press, 306 pp., ISBN 978-0-19-537824-5, pbk, $24.95
QUEER POLITICAL
PERFORMANCE AND PROTEST, BENJAMIN SHEPARD (2010) New York and London: Routledge, 308 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-96096-0, hbk, £80
Centrifuge Modeling of Seismic Loading on Tunnels in Sand
Authors: Lanzano Giovanni , Bilotta Emilio , Russo Gianpiero , Silvestri Francesco , Madabhushi S. P. Gopal 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The purpose of the work is to provide an experimental benchmark on the seismic behavior of tunnels, with the final aim of calibrating numerical and analytical design methods. A series of plane-strain centrifuge tests with dynamic loading on a model tunnel was, therefore, carried out at the Schofield Centre of the Cambridge University Engineering Department (CUED). Four samples of dry uniform fine sand were prepared at two different densities, in which an aluminum-alloy tube was installed at two different depths. The tube was instrumented with strain gauges to measure hoop forces and bending moments at significant locations. To monitor the amplification of ground motion from the base to the surface, vertical arrays of accelerometers were placed in the soil model and along the box. The instrumentation also included linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) that measured the soil surface settlement during all test phases. The test procedure and the results are described in this paper, showing the evolution of both accelerations and internal forces along the tunnel lining during the model earthquakes.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Suffusion on Physical and Geomechanic Characteristics of Sandy Soils
Authors: Xiao Ming , Shwiyhat Nathan 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper reports the measured effects of suffusion, a type of internal erosion, on the physical and geo-mechanical properties of soils including permeability, volume change, compressive strength, and soil grains gradation. A poorly graded river sand with the addition of 10 % kaolinite clay was used to create three gap-graded soils and an unaltered poorly graded “original soil.” Testing was performed using a modified triaxial apparatus that permits seepage through compacted specimens and allows collection of effluent and eroded soils. The specimens, 5.1 cm in diameter and 10.2 cm in length, were monitored for changes in volume and permeability during the suffusion tests. After erosion, the specimens were compressed using the consolidated-undrained (CU) test. The collected effluent samples were dried to determine the erosion rate and eroded soil particle gradations with respect to effluent volume. Companion control specimens were tested without erosion. The results revealed that suffusion may affect some physical and geo-mechanical properties of soils. Permeability reduction was generally observed in all soils, indicating fine grains migration and clogging within the specimens. The three gap-graded soils each exhibited a greater degree of internal erosion (suffusion), permeability reduction, and volume change than the original soil. The experimental setup and testing protocol also provided a feasible methodology for further research on the effects of suffusion on the physical and geo-mechanical properties of soils. Limitations of this research and future research recommendations on this topic are provided at the end of this paper.
An Assessment of Resilient Modulus Testing: Internal and External Deflection Measurements
Authors: Camargo Felipe , Benson Craig , Edil Tuncer 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The long-term pavement performance (LTPP) resilient modulus test protocol specifies the use of external linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs) to measure the material’s response, whereas the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) requires input for resilient modulus based on the test results using internal LVDTs. Given this discrepancy of data, the relationship between resilient modulus determined from internal and external measurements was studied for a variety of materials using the NCHRP Project 1- 37A resilient modulus test protocol and recording deformation data both with internal and external LVDTs. Resilient moduli determined from internal deformation measurements shows to be higher than those from external measurements, whereas the ratio of external to internal resilient modulus decreases with increasing internal resilient modulus because of an increasing effect of machine compliance as specimens become stiffer. Furthermore, the relationship between internal and external resilient modulus depends on the material type.
The Nonlinear Coupled Response of Single and Group Piles under Various Horizontal Excitations: Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Manna Bappaditya , Baidya Dilip Kumar 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Dynamic response characteristics of reinforced concrete single piles and 2 × 2 group piles subjected to varying levels of horizontal harmonic excitation are investigated by both experimental and analytical study. Two different types of coupled vibration tests, namely, type 1—horizontal exciting force above the center of gravity (c.g.), and type 2—horizontal exciting force below the c.g. of the pile cap-loading system, are conducted in the field. The tests are conducted for different eccentricities to determine the frequency-amplitude response of piles for horizontal and rocking motion separately. The influence of excitation intensity, static load on pile, spacing of piles in group, and different contact condition of pile cap with soil on the coupled dynamic response of piles are reported. The measured responses of type 1 and type 2 are compared with the results obtained by the continuum approach of Novak with nonlinear solution. For nonlinear analysis, the boundary zone concept, which accounts for yielding of soil around the pile, is incorporated into the linear elastic-based model and the allowance is made for the separation between the pile and soil. A reasonable match between the measured and predicted response by nonlinear analysis has been observed after introducing appropriate boundary zone parameters and soil–pile separation length. The differences between the dynamic characteristics of piles for coupled vibration type 1 and type 2 in terms of frequency response curves for amplitude, stiffness, and damping constants are also discussed.
Designing of Group Sampling Plans Based on Gamma-Poisson Distribution
Authors: Aslam Muhammad , Balamurali Saminathan , Jun Chi-Hyuck , Ahmad Munir , Rasool Mujahid 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Acceptance sampling is an important tool for pressuring a producer to increase the quality of his or her products for consumers’ use. In this paper, a group acceptance sampling plan is developed in which the number of nonconforming items follows a Poisson model and the fraction nonconforming has a gamma prior. The methodology and tables are presented for the design of the proposed plan. The design parameters of the proposed plan are determined using the two-point approach on the operating characteristic curve such that the specified producer’s and consumer’s risks should be satisfied. The results are also explained with examples.
Investigation on the Flammability of Diverse Cast PA6 Semi-Finished Products
Authors: Andó M. , Czigány T. , Kalácska G. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Cast PA6 (magnesium–polyamide 6 (MgPA6)) compounds produced using a magnesium catalysis are presently replacing other polyamides in semi-finished engineering products. Because of this increased use, the flammability of MgPA6 containing montmorillonite, graphite, carbon black, and a plasticizer is investigated. In these studies, we observed that the presence of montmorillonite deteriorates rather than improves the flame-retardant properties of MgPA6. We also noted that the presence of a plasticizer enhances the dripping tendency and consequently the burning rate of PA6 in the UL 94 Test for Flammability of Plastic Materials. In addition, the presence of carbon black reduces the fire performance of the resin while graphite improves the UL 94 classification of PA6 to a V-2.
A New Method for Strain Measurement in the Tensile Testing of Filamentous Materials
Authors: Huang Mengxi , Wu Fuqi , Li Ziran , Xia Yuanming 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A new method (common mode subtraction) for strain measurement in the tensile testing of filamentous materials is presented. In this method, crosshead displacements were divided into the specimen extension and the specimen extension error, the latter is associated with the testing system (machine frame, load-cell, load-string, and grips) and force, but assumed to be independent of the gage length. Common mode tension tests for steel and nylon tire cords at different gage lengths with two types of grips were performed at first. The test results showed an obvious existence of the specimen extension error, which leads to a dependence of the engineering strain on the gage length. The specimen extension error was found to be indeed independent of the gage length and increase with force nonlinearly. Then subtractions between any two of the obtained force–crosshead displacement curves were carried out to remove the specimen extension error, and then the actual force–strain curves (linear for steel cord and nonlinear for nylon cord) were obtained. Finally, comparisons between the common mode subtraction method and other methods, which were reported to be able to correct the specimen extension error, were made. The comparison revealed the relative stiffness is the key, that is, when the specimen is “weak” in relation to the testing system, the grip is the main source of error, but if the specimen is much “stronger,” the influence of the system compliance will become significant. The comparison also showed the common mode subtraction method is clearer and more general in theory, as well as more applicable and efficient in practice.
Optimization Analysis of the Machine Repair Problem with Balking and Variable Number of Servers
Authors: Wang Kuo-Hsiung , Liou Yuh-Ching , Yang Dong-Yuh 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This paper analyzes the machine repair problem with a variable number of servers in which failed machines balk (do not enter) with a constant probability. Failure and repair times of the failed machines are assumed to be exponentially distributed. We apply a recursive method to derive analytic steady-state solutions, through which several system performance measures can be obtained. A cost model is developed to determine the optimal maximum number of busy servers and the optimal value of the balking probability. We use the direct search method and the Newton’s method to find the minimum cost until the balking constraint is satisfied. Numerical results provided in which various system performance measures are evaluated under optimal operating conditions. Finally, an application example is provided to demonstrate how the queueing model could be used in real-life situations.