bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Liquid Human Milk Fortifier and Linear Growth in Preterm Infants
Authors: Moya Fernando , Sisk Paula M. , Walsh Kelly R. , Berseth Carol Lynn 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the growth, tolerance, and safety of a new ultraconcentrated liquid human milk fortifier (LHMF) designed to provide optimal nutrients for preterm infants receiving human breast milk in a safe, nonpowder formulation.

METHODS:
Preterm infants with a body weight ≤1250 g fed expressed and/or donor breast milk were randomized to receive a control powder human milk fortifier (HMF) or a new LHMF for 28 days. When added to breast milk, the LHMF provided ∼20% more protein than the control HMF. Weight, length, head circumference, and serum prealbumin, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, electrolytes, and blood gases were measured. The occurrence of sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and serious adverse events were monitored.

RESULTS:
This multicenter, third party–blinded, randomized controlled, prospective study enrolled 150 infants. Achieved weight and linear growth rate were significantly higher in the LHMF versus control groups (P = .04 and 0.03, respectively). Among infants who adhered closely to the protocol, the LHMF had a significantly higher achieved weight, length, head circumference, and linear growth rate than the control HMF (P = .004, P = .003, P = .04, and P = .01, respectively). There were no differences in measures of feeding tolerance or days to achieve full feeding volumes. Prealbumin, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen were higher in the LHMF group versus the control group (all P &lt; .05). There was no difference in the incidence of confirmed sepsis or necrotizing enterocolitis.

CONCLUSIONS:
Use of a new LHMF in preterm infants instead of powder HMF is safe. Benefits of LHMF include improvements in growth and avoidance of the use of powder products in the NICU.
Trends in Venous Thromboembolism-Related Hospitalizations, 1994–2009
Authors: Boulet Sheree L. , Grosse Scott D. , Thornburg Courtney D. , Yusuf Hussain , Tsai James , Hooper W. Craig 
Published: September 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Information on trends in venous thromboembolism (VTE) in US children is scant and inconsistent. We assessed national trends in VTE-associated pediatric hospitalizations.

METHODS:
All nonroutine newborn hospitalizations for children 0 to 17 years of age in the 1994–2009 Nationwide Inpatient Samples were included; routine newborn discharges were excluded. VTE diagnoses were identified by using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Variance weighted least square regression was used to assess trends in patient characteristics and rates of hospitalization per 100 000 population &lt;18 years of age. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the probability of VTE diagnosis over the study period.

RESULTS:
The rate of VTE-associated hospitalization increased for all age subgroups (&lt;1, 1–5, 6–11, and 12–17 years), with the largest increase noted among children &lt;1 year of age (from 18.1 per 100 000 during 1994 to 49.6 per 100 000 during 2009). Compared with 1994–1997, the adjusted odds of hospitalization with a VTE diagnosis were 88% higher during 2006–2009 (adjusted odds ratio: 1.88 [95% confidence interval: 1.64–2.17]). Venous catheter use, mechanical ventilation, malignancy, hospitalization ≥5 days, and VTE-related medical conditions were associated with increased likelihood of VTE diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS:
The rate of VTE-associated hospitalization among US children increased from 1994 through 2009. Increases in venous catheter procedures were associated with and may have contributed to the observed trends. The degree to which increased awareness of VTE influenced the temporal differences could not be determined.
A Probability Sample for Monitoring the HIV-infected Population in Care in the U.S. and in Selected States
Authors: Frankel Martin R , McNaghten AD , Shapiro Martin F , Sullivan Patrick S , Berry Sandra H , Johnson Christopher H , Flagg Elaine W , Morton Sally , Bozzette Samuel A 
Published: September 2012

Epidemiologic and clinical changes in the HIV epidemic over time have presented a challenge to public health surveillance to monitor behavioral and clinical factors that affect disease progression and HIV transmission. The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a supplemental surveillance project designed to provide representative, population-based data on clinical status, care, outcomes, and behaviors of HIV-infected persons receiving care at the national level. We describe a three-stage probability sampling method that provides both nationally and state-level representative estimates.
In stage-I, 20 states, which included 6 separately funded cities/counties, were selected using probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. PPS sampling was also used in stage-II to select facilities for participation in each of the 26 funded areas. In stage-III, patients were randomly selected from sampled facilities in a manner that maximized the possibility of having overall equal selection probabilities for every patient in the state or city/county. The sampling methods for MMP could be adapted to other research projects at national or sub-national levels to monitor populations of interest or evaluate outcomes and care for a range of specific diseases or conditions.
Assessment of Changes in Confidence, Attitude, and Knowledge of Non-Psychiatric Physicians Undergoing a Depression Training Program in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Yao-Hsien , Huang Hui-Chun , Liu Shen-Ing , Lu Ru-Band 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To assess whether non-psychiatric physicians would benefit from a national depression training program and explore associated factors. Method: Attending physicians were asked to complete survey questionnaires of confidence, attitude, knowledge, and their willingness to implement new strategies to improve care, before and after training. Paired t-test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the differences and explore factors associated with the domains of confidence, attitude, and knowledge. McNemar's test was used to compare the difference between the physicians' intention to change depression management before and after training. Results: Of 524 eligible physicians, 307 (59%) completed the pre- and post-program assessments. These physicians showed significantly increased knowledge score and willingness to implement new treatment strategies, as well as more positive attitude toward and confidence in treating depression. The lower corresponding baseline score was associated with greater improvement in domains of knowledge, confidence, and attitude. Completion of the training was associated with an improvement in knowledge and becoming less helpless and avoidant attitude. Other factors including non-family-medicine physicians, post-graduate education, and female gender are associated with greater improvements in various domains. Conclusions: Our study shows that even a brief educational program can positively influence the physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in treating depression. Further work is needed to monitor whether the effects of training are long-term, and can be translated into behavioral change in practice.
Design of Cross-Section on Roads Through Built-Up Areas
Authors: Kiec M. , Tracz M. , Gaca S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract The research into the use of less costly modifications of road links and networks, and changes in the service of road surroundings aimed at ensuring an improvement of through traffic performance in suburban areas, and on roads passing through built-up areas as small localities, with application of simulation model, is presented in this paper. From among possible designs, the authors investigated and presented the effectiveness of two, i.e. implementation of an additional multifunctional median lane in the road cross-section, and construction of service roads with different locations of intersections (end or middle of the road section).The analysis is focused on the impact of such changes on traffic performance and road safety. The authors analysed travel speed, delay and share of platoon traffic on a uniform sections of the road for different types of road surroundings service. The study presents the results of analyses of road network before and after modification, and the assessment of:• impact of access points density and level of their use on road traffic performance,• impact of driving through road sections in built-up area on building platoon traffic,• impact of change in the cross-section type on traffic performance.
Defect Luminescence of Yag Nanopowders and Crystals
Authors: Grigorjeva L. , Jankoviča D. , Smits K. , Millers D. , Zazubovich S. 
Published: September 2012

Defect Luminescence of Yag Nanopowders and Crystals
Undoped and rare-earth-ion-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) nanopowders are prepared by the sol-gel low-temperature combustion method. The luminescence characteristics of the YAG, YAG: Ce, YAG:Pr, and YAG: Ce/Pr nanopowders are compared with those of the single crystals. The luminescence band peaking around 3.1 eV is complex and excited at about 3.6 eV, 3.9 eV and 4.3 eV. The 3.1 eV emission was peculiar to all the samples studied. The Stokes shift of this band is ~0.5 eV. The decay time of the ~3.1 eV emission at 80 K is ~14 ns and the slower decay (afterglow) components are practically absent. The 3.1 eV luminescence was suggested to arise from different intrinsic lattice defects.
Steady-State Analysis of Parallel-Operated Self-Excited Induction Generators Supplying an Unbalanced Load
Authors: Radosavljević Jordan , Klimenta Dardan , Jevtić Miroljub 
Published: September 2012

Steady-State Analysis of Parallel-Operated Self-Excited Induction Generators Supplying an Unbalanced LoadThis paper proposed a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) based approach for determining the steady-state performance characteristics of three-phase self-excited induction generators (SEIGs) operating in parallel and supplying an unbalanced load. The symmetrical component theory is used for the transformation of a complex three-phase generators-capacitances-load system to a simple equivalent circuit. The MOGA has been employed for the determination of unknown variables by minimizing the impedance module of the equivalent circuit. Using this approach, effects of various parameters on the terminal voltage control characteristics are examined for two parallel SEIGs with C2C connection under a single phase load.
Move to Improve: The Feasibility of Using an Early Mobility Protocol to Increase Ambulation in the Intensive and Intermediate Care Settings
Authors: Drolet Anne , DeJuilio Patti , Harkless Sherri , Henricks Sherry , Kamin Elizabeth , Leddy Elizabeth A. , Lloyd Joanna M. , Waters Carissa , Williams Sarah 
Published: September 2012

Background
Prolonged bed rest in hospitalized patients leads to deconditioning, impaired mobility, and the potential for longer hospital stays.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a nurse-driven mobility protocol to increase the percentage of patients ambulating during the first 72 hours of their hospital stay.

Design
A quasi-experimental design was used before and after intervention in a 16-bed adult medical/surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and a 26-bed adult intermediate care unit (IMCU) at a large community hospital.

Method
A multidisciplinary team developed and implemented a mobility order set with an embedded algorithm to guide nursing assessment of mobility potential. Based on the assessments, the protocol empowers the nurse to consult physical therapists or occupational therapists when appropriate. Daily ambulation status reports were reviewed each morning to determine each patient's activity level. Retrospective and prospective chart reviews were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the protocol for patients 18 years of age and older who were hospitalized 72 hours or longer.

Results
In the 3 months prior to implementation of the Move to Improve project, 6.2% (12 of 193) of the ICU patients and 15.5% (54 of 349) of the IMCU patients ambulated during the first 72 hours of their hospitalization. During the 6 months following implementation, those rates rose to 20.2% (86 of 426) and 71.8% (257 of 358), respectively.

Limitations
The study was carried out at only one center.

Conclusion
The initial experience with a nurse-driven mobility protocol suggests that the rate of patient ambulation in an adult ICU and IMCU during the first 72 hours of a hospital stay can be increased.
The effect of linseed oil supplementation of the diet on the content of fatty acids in the egg yolk
Authors: Hudečková Petra , Rusníková Lucie , Straková Eva , Suchý Pavel , Marada Petr , Macháček Miroslav 
Published: September 2012

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different types of oils in diet on the fatty acid profile in the eggs of layers and to include a particular type of oil as a supplement of feeding mixtures for layers in order to support the development of functional foodstuffs. Thirty layers fed a diet containing soybean oil constituted the control group (soybean oil is the most frequently used oil added to feeding mixtures). In the experimental group (thirty layers), soybean oil was replaced with linseed oil at the same amount (3 kg of oil per 100 kg of feeding mixture). Feeding was providedad libitumfor all days of the month. After one month, egg yolks were analysed and the fatty acid profile was compared. Significant differences (P≤ 0.05) were found in the concentration of myristic acid that belongs to the group of saturated fatty acids. Eggs in the experimental group showed higher concentrations of myristic acid compared to the control group (0.20 g/100 g of fat and 0.18 g/100 g of fat, respectively). Highly significant differences (P≤ 0.01) were found for heptadecanoic acid but the trend was opposite to that of myristic acid; concentrations of heptadecanoic acid in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group. Highly significant differences (P≤ 0.01) were found for n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids where egg yolks in eggs from layers fed linseed oil contained higher concentrations of oleic acid, myristoleic acid, and palmitoleic acid. Lower concentrations of n-6 fatty acids (P≤ 0.01) were found after the addition of linseed oil in eggs. Linseed oil showed a positive effect on n-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid), its concentration in the control and experimental group was 0.82 g/100 g of fat and 5.63 g/100 g of fat, respectively. The possibility of influencing the fatty acid profile in eggs is very important for the development of functional foods.
The effect of new probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum on counts of coliforms, lactobacilli and bacterial enzyme activities in rats exposed to N,N-dimethylhydrazine (chemical carcinogen)
Authors: Čokášová Denisa , Bomba Alojz , Strojný Ladislav , Pramuková Beata , Szabadosová Viktória , Salaj Rastislav , Žofčáková Jana , Brandeburová Andrea , Supuková Anna , Šoltésová Alena , Hijová Emília , Ričanyová Júlia , Siegfried Leonard , Supuka Peter 
Published: September 2012

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the new probiotic strainLactobacillus plantarumon chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats.Sprague dowleyrats (n = 33) were divided into control and experimental groups and were fed a conventional laboratory diet. In the experimental group, rats were treated with the probiotic at the dose of 1 × 109CFU (colony-forming units)/ml. Two weeks after the beginning of the trial, N,N-dimethylhydrazine (chemical carcinogen) injections were applied s.c. at the dose of 21 mg/kg b.w., 5 × weekly. At the end of the 8-month experimental period, faeces samples were taken from the rats and used for laboratory analysis. The counts of lactobacilli and coliforms and bacterial enzyme activity were determined. The probiotic strainL. plantarumas single species or in combination with oil(Lini oleum virginale)decreased the count of total coliforms and increased lactobacilli in faeces of rats. Application of probiotic microorganisms significantly (P< 0.05) decreased the activities of bacterial enzymes (β-galactosidase and β-glucuronidase) compared to the control group rats. The results of this study indicate that probiotic microorganisms could exert a preventive effect on colon carcinogenesis induced by N,N-dimethylhydrazine.
Bodenversauerung in den Flächen des Interkantonalen Walddauerbeobachtungsprogramms
Authors: Braun Sabine , Flückiger Walter 
Published: September 2012

Soil acidification in permanent observation plots
Soil acidification is followed in Swiss forest observation plots differing in soil chemistry. Soil solution samples from suction cups show clearly increasing soil acidification between 1998 and 2011, although the rate has declined in many cases during the last five years. The most rapid decline is currently observed in plots with medium to high base saturation. Nitrogen addition experiments and time series after thinning out forests confirm the important role of nitrogen input and nitrate leaching for the acidification process. It is suggested that the slowdown of acidification since 2003 has several reasons: reaching of the aluminium buffer range in the very acidic plots, decreased nitrate leaching in a series of dry years, reduction of acid deposition.
Microsatellite markers for Plathymenia reticulata (Leguminosae)1
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda A. , Tarazi Roberto , Menezes Ivandilson P. P. , Van Den Berg Cassio , Tsai Siu M. , Gaiotto Fernanda A. 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized to investigate genetic diversity and gene flow and to help in conservation efforts for the endangered timber species Plathymenia reticulata.• Methods and Results: Eleven microsatellite loci were characterized using 60 adult trees of two populations of P. reticulata from the Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil. Of these, nine loci were polymorphic, with an average of 4.39 alleles per locus. The average expected heterozygosity per population ranged from 0.47 to 0.55. The combined exclusion probability was 0.99996.• Conclusions: Our results reveal that the microsatellite markers developed in this study are an effective tool for paternity and genetic structure analysis that may be useful for conservation strategies.
Leaf‐ and cell‐level carbon cycling responses to a nitrogen and phosphorus gradient in two Arctic tundra species
Authors: Heskel Mary A. , Anderson O. Roger , Atkin Owen K. , Turnbull Matthew H. , Griffin Kevin L. 
Published: September 2012

• Premise of the study: Consequences of global climate change are detectable in the historically nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐limited Arctic tundra landscape and have implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Warmer temperatures and elevated soil nutrient availability associated with increased microbial activity may influence rates of photosynthesis and respiration.• Methods: This study examined leaf‐level gas exchange, cellular ultrastructure, and related leaf traits in two dominant tundra species, Betula nana, a woody shrub, and Eriophorum vaginatum, a tussock sedge, under a 3‐yr‐old treatment gradient of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in the North Slope of Alaska.• Key results: Respiration increased with N and P addition—the highest rates corresponding to the highest concentrations of leaf N in both species. The inhibition of respiration by light (“Kok effect”) significantly reduced respiration rates in both species (P < 0.001), ranged from 12–63% (mean 34%), and generally decreased with fertilization for both species. However, in both species, observed rates of photosynthesis did not increase, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency generally decreased under increasing fertilization. Chloroplast and mitochondrial size and density were highly sensitive to N and P fertilization (P < 0.001), though species interactions indicated divergent cellular organizational strategies.• Conclusions: Results from this study demonstrate a species‐specific decoupling of respiration and photosynthesis under N and P fertilization, implying an alteration of the carbon balance of the tundra ecosystem under future conditions.
Le roi de France est déjà chauve : remarques sur l'antériorité temporelle du présupposé
Authors: Deloor Sandrine 
Published: September 2012

La majorité des auteurs qui se sont intéressés à l’adverbe déjà ont eu recours à la notion de présupposition pour décrire son fonctionnement sémantique. Cependant, les modèles proposés sont très différents les uns des autres et mettent au jour d’importantes divergences dans l’interprétation même du concept de présupposé . Dans un premier temps, nous analysons ces divergences et montrons que les approches vériconditionnelle et sémantico-pragmatique de la présupposition se révèlent incompatibles dans certains des modèles présentés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous nous intéressons à la question de l’antériorité temporelle du présupposé : habituellement peu exploitée, cette propriété de la présupposition devient cruciale lorsque l’on analyse un adverbe de temps tel que déjà .
À vos marques®, prêts cherchez ! La stratégie européenne de Lisbonne, vers un marché de la recherche, Éditions du croquant, Paris, 2008
Authors: Bruno Isabelle 
Published: September 2012

Résumé La stratégie de Lisbonne ne concerne pas uniquement la recherche et l’enseignement supérieur. Ses visées sont bien plus larges et ambitieuses. Elle incite les pays de l’Union européenne à réformer leur économie et leurs services publics pour promouvoir l’avènement du capitalisme cognitif. Les chercheurs, les enseignants-chercheurs et leur travail sont des éléments fondamentaux d’un tel programme. Mais l’élaboration et l’application de la stratégie de Lisbonne ne sont pas de leur ressort ; l’élaboration et l’application de la stratégie de Lisbonne impliquent de transformer les modes de financement et de gestion du travail de recherche pour « inviter » les chercheurs et les enseignants-chercheurs à devenir des acteurs efficaces et engagés dans le projet de faire de l’Union européenne la première économie mondiale fondée sur la connaissance. Cestransformations passent par des réformes des administrations nationales dont la LOLF, le Pacte pour la recherche et la LRU sont les illustrations françaises. Les extraits du livre À vos marques ® , prêts cherchez ! , d’Isabelle Bruno, livrent des clés pour mieux identifier les objectifs des réformes françaises de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur et leur encastrement dans un projet européen. Ils rendent également compte des outils et des technologies de gestion qui soutiennent l’application de la LOLF, du Pacte pour la recherche et de la LRU. Ces passages ont une autre vertu, d’autant plus précieuse aujourd’hui. Ils permettent de rappeler combien les programmes des partis socialistes européens en matière de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur ne diffèrent pas substantiellement de ceux promus puis exécutés par la droite. D’ailleurs, la définition et l’adoption de la stratégie de Lisbonne – dont l’un des instigateurs, l’ancien Premier ministre portugais Antonio Guterres, était alors à la tête de l’International socialiste – est une composante de la « vague rose » que connut l’Union européenne au tournant du xx e et du xxi e siècle.
Portrait du doctorant en entrepreneur
Authors: Frances Jean 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Le « métier » de doctorant est en constante évolution depuis 20 ans, et il ne suffit plus à l’apprenti chercheur de faire une thèse prouvant son aptitude à la recherche. Un premier pas avait été franchi lorsqu’il a fallu que les futurs docteurs, en parallèle à l’élaboration de leur mémoire de fin d’études, fassent des publications, interviennent à des colloques et enseignent. Mais la plus récente évolution – les Doctoriales – montre une volonté des pouvoirs publics de mettre les doctorants aux services du privé. Les nouveaux « doctoriants » sont poussés à devenir de redoutables entrepreneurs. C’est ce nouveau parcours que nous présente Jean Frances.