bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of preventative health check-ups in the UK: findings from individual-level repeated cross-sectional data from 1992 to 2008
Authors: Labeit Alexander , Peinemann Frank , Baker Richard 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo analyse and compare the determinants of screening uptake for different National Health Service (NHS) health check-ups in the UK.DesignIndividual-level analysis of repeated cross-sectional surveys with balanced panel data.SettingThe UK.ParticipantsIndividuals taking part in the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), 1992–2008.Outcome measureUptake of NHS health check-ups for cervical cancer screening, breast cancer screening, blood pressure checks, cholesterol tests, dental screening and eyesight tests.MethodsDynamic panel data models (random effects panel probit with initial conditions).ResultsHaving had a health check-up 1 year before, and previously in accordance with the recommended schedule, was associated with higher uptake of health check-ups. Individuals who visited a general practitioner (GP) had a significantly higher uptake in 5 of the 6 health check-ups. Uptake was highest in the recommended age group for breast and cervical cancer screening. For all health check-ups, age had a non-linear relationship. Lower self-rated health status was associated with increased uptake of blood pressure checks and cholesterol tests; smoking was associated with decreased uptake of 4 health check-ups. The effects of socioeconomic variables differed for the different health check-ups. Ethnicity did not have a significant influence on any health check-up. Permanent household income had an influence only on eyesight tests and dental screening.ConclusionsCommon determinants for having health check-ups are age, screening history and a GP visit. Policy interventions to increase uptake should consider the central role of the GP in promoting screening examinations and in preserving a high level of uptake. Possible economic barriers to access for prevention exist for dental screening and eyesight tests, and could be a target for policy intervention.Trial registrationThis observational study was not registered.
Improving the identification of people with dementia in primary care: evaluation of the impact of primary care dementia coding guidance on identified prevalence
Authors: Russell Paul , Banerjee Sube , Watt Jen , Adleman Rosalyn , Agoe Belinda , Burnie Nerida , Carefull Alex , Chandan Kiran , Constable Dominie , Daniels Mark , Davies David , Deshmukh Sid , Huddart Martin , Jabin Ashrafi , Jarrett Penelope , King Jenifer , Koch Tamar , Kumar Sanjoy , Lees Stavroula , Mir Sinan , Naidoo Dominic , Nyame Sylvia , Sasae Ryuichiro , Sharma Tushar , Thormod Clare , Vedavanam Krish , Wilton Anja , Flaherty Breda 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveImproving dementia care is a policy priority nationally and internationally; there is a ‘diagnosis gap’ with less than half of the cases of dementia ever diagnosed. The English Health Department's Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) encourages primary care recognition and recording of dementia. The codes for dementia are complex with the possibility of underidentification through miscoding. We developed guidance on coding of dementia; we report the impact of applying this to ‘clean up’ dementia coding and records at a practice level.DesignThe guidance had five elements: (1) identify Read Codes for dementia; (2) access QOF dementia register; (3) generate lists of patients who may have dementia; (4) compare search with QOF data and (5) review cases. In each practice, one general practitioner conducted the exercise. The number of dementia QOF registers before and after the exercise was recorded with the hours taken to complete the exercise.SettingLondon primary care.Participants23 (85%) of 27 practices participated, covering 79 312 (19 562 over 65 s) participants.OutcomesThe number on dementia QOF registers; time taken.ResultsThe number of people with dementia on QOF registers increased from 1007 to 1139 (χ2=8.17, p=0.004), raising identification rates by 8.8%. It took 4.7 h per practice, on an average.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate the potential of a simple primary care coding exercise, requiring no specific training, to increase the dementia identification rate. An improvement of 8.8% between 2011 and 2012 is equivalent to that of the fourth most improved primary care trust in the UK. In absolute terms, if this effects were mirrored across the UK primary care, the number of cases with dementia identified would rise by over 70 000 from 364 329 to 434 488 raising the recognition rate from 46% to 54.8%. Implementing this exercise appears to be a simple and effective way to improve recognition rates in primary care.
An observational study of retail availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London: potential to undermine recent tobacco control gains?
Authors: Hsu Robert , Myers Allison E , Ribisl Kurt M , Marteau Theresa M 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesE-cigarette companies and vendors claim the potential of e-cigarettes to help smokers reduce or quit tobacco use. E-cigarettes also have the potential to renormalise smoking. The purpose of this study was to describe the availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London, UK stores selling tobacco and alcohol.DesignObservational study.SettingSmall and large stores selling alcohol and tobacco in London, UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number of stores selling e-cigarettes, the number of stores with an interior or exterior e-cigarette advertisement, the number of stores with an e-cigarette point-of-sale movable display, store size, deprivation index score for store's corresponding lower super output area.ResultsAudits were completed in 108 of 128 selected stores. 62 of the audited stores (57%) sold e-cigarettes. E-cigarette availability was unrelated to store size. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards increased availability in more deprived areas (p=0.069). 31 of the 62 stores (50%) selling e-cigarettes had a point-of-sale movable display, with all but one found in small stores. Two small stores had interior advertisements and eight had exterior advertisements. No advertisements were observed in large stores.ConclusionsThis audit revealed widespread availability of e-cigarettes and in-store marketing in London, UK. Even if e-cigarettes prove to be an effective cessation aid, their sale and use are resulting in an increasing public presence of cigarette-like images and smoking behaviour. After decades of work to denormalise smoking, these findings raise the question of whether e-cigarettes are renormalising smoking.
Dendritic Cells in Tumor-Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Signal a Th1 Cytotoxic Immune Contexture and License the Positive Prognostic Value of Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Goc Jérémy , Germain Claire , Vo-Bourgais Thi Kim Duy , Lupo Audrey , Klein Christophe , Knockaert Samantha , de Chaisemartin Luc , Ouakrim Hanane , Becht Etienne , Alifano Marco , Validire Pierre , Remark Romain , Hammond Scott A. , Cremer Isabelle , Damotte Diane , Fridman Wolf-Herman , Sautès-Fridman Catherine , Dieu-Nosjean Marie-Caroline 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating T cells, particularly CD45RO+CD8+ memory T cells, confer a positive prognostic value in human cancers. However, the mechanisms that promote a protective T-cell response in the tumor microenvironment remain unclear. In chronic inflammatory settings such as the tumor microenvironment, lymphoid neogenesis can occur to create local lymph node–like structures known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). These structures can exacerbate a local immune response, such that TLS formation in tumors may help promote an efficacious immune contexture. However, the role of TLS in tumors has yet to be investigated carefully. In lung tumors, mature dendritic cells (DC) present in tumor-associated TLS can provide a specific marker of these structures. In this study, we evaluated the influence of TLS on the characteristics of the immune infiltrate in cohorts of prospective and retrospective human primary lung tumors (n = 458). We found that a high density of mature DC correlated closely to a strong infiltration of T cells that are predominantly of the effector–memory phenotype. Moreover, mature DC density correlated with expression of genes related to T-cell activation, T-helper 1 (Th1) phenotype, and cytotoxic orientation. Lastly, a high density of TLS-associated DC correlated with long-term survival, which also allowed a distinction of patients with high CD8+ T-cell infiltration but a high risk of death. Taken together, our results show how tumors infiltrated by TLS-associated mature DC generate a specific immune contexture characterized by a strong Th1 and cytotoxic orientation that confers the lowest risk of death. Furthermore, our findings highlight the pivotal function of TLS in shaping the immune character of the tumor microenvironment, in promoting a protective immune response mediated by T cells against cancer. Cancer Res; 74(3); 705–15. ©2013 AACR.
Prediction of Survival in Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using a Protein Expression–Based Risk Model: Implications for Personalized Chemoprevention and Therapy
Authors: Gold Kathryn A. , Kim Edward S. , Liu Diane D. , Yuan Ping , Behrens Carmen , Solis Luisa M. , Kadara Humam , Rice David C. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Swisher Stephen G. , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Lee J. Jack , Hong Waun K. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Patients with resected non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are at risk for recurrence of disease, but we do not have tools to predict which patients are at highest risk. We set out to create a risk model incorporating both clinical data and biomarkers.
Experimental Design: We assembled a comprehensive database with archival tissues and clinical follow-up from patients with NSCLC resected between 2002 and 2005. Twenty-one proteins identified from our preclinical studies as related to lung carcinogenesis were investigated, including pathways related to metabolism, DNA repair, inflammation, and growth factors. Expression of proteins was quantified using immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry was chosen because it is widely available and can be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. Cox models were fitted to estimate effects of clinical factors and biomarkers on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: A total of 370 patients are included in our analysis. With median follow-up of 5.3 years, median OS is 6.4 years. A total of 209 cases with recurrence or death were observed. Multicovariate risk models for RFS and OS were developed including relevant biomarkers, age, and stage. Increased expression of phospho-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (pAMPK), phospho-mTOR (pmTOR), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase were significant (P &lt; 0.05) predictors for favorable RFS; insulin receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2), and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor predicted for unfavorable RFS. Significant (P &lt; 0.05) predictors for favorable OS include pAMPK, pmTOR, and EpCAM; CXCR2 and flap structure–specific endonuclease-1 predicted unfavorable OS.
Conclusion: We have developed a comprehensive risk model predictive for recurrence in our large retrospective database, which is one of the largest reported series of resected NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1946–54. ©2013 AACR.
Are Short Telomeres Hallmarks of Cancer Recurrence?
Authors: Shay Jerry W. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Exposure to radiation and some chemotherapeutic agents is associated with an increased risk of developing second cancers. Short telomeres are almost universally associated with malignant cancer progression. An unanswered question is whether inherited short telomeres or therapy-related telomere shortening is a biomarker of the development of second malignant neoplasms. Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 779–81. ©2013 AACR.
Prognostic Importance of Pathophysiologic Markers in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Burke Michael A. , Katz Daniel H. , Beussink Lauren , Selvaraj Senthil , Gupta Deepak K. , Fox Justin , Chakrabarti Sudarsana , Sauer Andrew J. , Rich Jonathan D. , Freed Benjamin H. , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: December 2013

Background—
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous syndrome associated with multiple pathophysiologic abnormalities, including left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, longitudinal LV systolic dysfunction, abnormal ventricular-arterial coupling, pulmonary hypertension, and right ventricular (RV) remodeling/dysfunction. However, the relative prognostic significance of each of these pathophysiologic abnormalities in HFpEF is unknown.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively studied 419 patients with HFpEF using echocardiography and sphygmomanometry to assess HFpEF pathophysiologic markers. Cox proportional hazards analyses were used to determine the associations between pathophysiologic markers and outcomes. Mean age was 65±12 years; 62% were women; 39% were black; comorbidities were common; and study participants met published criteria for HFpEF. RV abnormalities were frequent: 28% had abnormal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, 15% had reduced RV fractional area change, and 34% had RV hypertrophy. During a median follow-up time of 18 months, 102 (24%) were hospitalized for HF and 175 (42%) experienced the composite end point of cardiovascular hospitalization or death. Decreased LV compliance, measured as reduced LV end-diastolic volume at an idealized LV end-diastolic pressure of 20 mm Hg (EDV
20
), and RV remodeling, as indicated by increased RV wall thickness, were the 2 pathophysiologic markers most predictive of worse outcomes: adjusted hazard ratio per 1 SD decrease in EDV
20
=1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–1.75;
P
=0.006), and hazard ratio per 1 SD increase in RV wall thickness=1.37 (95% CI, 1.16–1.61;
P
<0.001). These associations persisted after additional adjustment for markers of HF severity. By contrast, markers of LV relaxation, longitudinal LV systolic dysfunction, and ventricular-arterial coupling were not significantly associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions—
In patients with HFpEF, reduced LV compliance and RV remodeling are the strongest pathophysiologic predictors of adverse outcomes.
A new species of wedgefish, Rhynchobatus immaculatus (Chondrichthyes, Rhynchobatidae), from Taiwan
Authors: LAST PETER R. , HO HSUAN-CHING , CHEN ROU-RONG 
Published: December 2013

A new species of wedgefish, Rhynchobatus immaculatus sp. nov., is described from a small collection of specimens obtained from fish markets in northern Taiwan. It is probably a medium-sized species (probably attaining ca. 1.5 m TL) because the largest known specimen, an immature male (ca. 1 m TL), has prolongated dorsal and caudal fins typical of adult wedgefishes. Rhynchobatus immaculatus is unique within the family in having a very high vertebral count (within the range of 165–170 total free centra) and in lacking a dark pectoral marking. Other Rhynchobatus species occurring in Taiwanese seas appear to attain a larger adult size, possess a dark pectoral marking at least in young, and have lower vertebral counts (fewer than 161 total fee centra). Rhynchobatus yentinesis, which was described from a specimen taken nearby at Wenzhou, China, has not yet been attributed to a currently recognised species. However, based on the illustration of the holotype, which reveals a broad-snouted species with a dark pectoral spot, it is closest to either R. palpebratus or R. springeri.
Redescription of Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch &amp; Schneider, 1801), an endangered eagle ray (Myliobatoidea: Myliobatidae) from the Indo–West Pacific
Authors: WHITE WILLIAM T. , Moore Alec B.M. 
Published: December 2013

The eagle ray Aetobatus flagellum (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is redescribed based on new material from the Persian Gulf (Kuwait), Indonesia and Malaysia. A related but distinct species of Aetobatus from the western North Pacific, previously referred to as A. flagellum, is reported. Aetobatus flagellum is a medium-sized eagle ray which attains about 900 mm DW; males mature at approximately 500 mm DW. Aetobatus flagellum appears to be uncommon and restricted to estuary-influenced waters of the Indo–West Pacific. It is caught as gillnet bycatch where its habit of schooling, combined with probable small litter size, may make it particularly vulnerable to impacts from fisheries.
Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., a new longsnout skate (Rajoidei: Rajidae) from the Philippines
Authors: LAST PETER R. , ALAVA MOONYEEN 
Published: December 2013

A new long-snouted skate, Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov., is formally described based on material caught in the Sulu Sea and later acquired from fish markets of the central and southern Philippines. It differs from its congeners in the western North Pacific, apart from D. wuhanlingi (East and South China Seas), in having a variably-defined, parallel row of posterolaterally directed lumbar thorns, and well-developed scapular thorns on each side of the disc. However, the paired rows of lumbar thorns are better defined in Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov. than in D. wuhanlingi, and these species also differ in some aspects of their morphometrics, meristics and squamation. Dipturus amphispinus sp. nov. displays marked sexual dimorphism with adult males having a relatively broader mouth, much longer teeth, a relatively shorter snout, head and disc, a taller first dorsal fin, and a proportionally longer posterior pelvic-fin lobe and tail, than adult-sized females.
Records of new and rare elasmobranchs from Taiwan
Authors: HSU HUA HSUN , JOUNG SHOOU JENG , EBERT DAVID A. , LIN CHIA YEN 
Published: December 2013

Five new records of elasmobranchs collected from eastern Taiwan fish markets, Da-xi and Cheng-gong, are presented. Samples were caught by deepsea longliners and bottom trawlers which operate in northeastern waters off Taiwan between 2004 and 2012. These five new species records include the smalltooth sandtiger, Odontaspis ferox (Risso, 1810) (Lamniformes: Odontaspididae), salamander shark, Parmaturus pilosus Garman, 1906 (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae), leadhued skate Notoraja tobitukai (Hiyama, 1940) (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae), giant skate Dipturus gigas (Ishiyama, 1958) (Rajiformes: Rajidae), and the pelagic stingray Pteroplatytrygon violacea (Bonaparte, 1832) (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae), Diagnostic characteristics for each species are given and a key to the genera Parmaturus and Dipturus from Taiwan is presented.
A review of the genus Cephaloscyllium (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Taiwanese waters
Authors: NAKAYA KAZUHIRO , INOUE SHINSUKE , HO HSUAN-CHING 
Published: December 2013

Sharks of the genus Cephaloscyllium from Taiwan were reviewed. After extensive survey of the specimens deposited in museums, universities and fisheries institutions in Taiwan and Japan, the following four species were recognized as valid in Taiwanese waters: C. umbratile Jordan & Fowler, 1903, C. fasciatum Chan, 1966, C. sarawakensis Yano, Ahmad & Gambang, 2005, and C. formosanum Teng, 1962. Cephaloscyllium formosanum is resurrected herein. Four species (C. circulopullum Yano, Ahmad & Gambang, 2005, C. parvum Inoue & Nakaya, 2006, C. pardelotum Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert, 2008, C. maculatum Schaaf-da Silva & Ebert, 2008) are concluded to be junior synonyms. The four valid species here recognized are fully described, and a key to Taiwanese species is provided. The original description of C. formosanum was translated into English from Japanese and is included as an Appendix.
A review of the genus Apristurus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from Taiwanese waters
Authors: NAKAYA KAZUHIRO , KAWAUCHI JUNRO 
Published: December 2013

Sharks of the genus Apristurus from Taiwanese waters are reviewed for the first time, and incorrect scientific names and wrong taxonomic information given in the literature are corrected. After extensive examination of specimens deposited in various museums, universities and fisheries institutions in Taiwan, Japan and China, the following five species are recognized from Taiwanese waters: Apristurus herklotsi (Fowler, 1934), A. longicephalus Nakaya, 1975, A. gibbosus Meng, Chu & Li, 1985, A. macrostomus Chu, Meng & Li, 1985, and A. platyrhynchus (Tanaka, 1909). Apristurus herklotsi, A. longicephalus, A. gibbosus and A. macrostomus are reported from Taiwanese waters for the first time, and the presence of A. platyrhynchus is formally recognized based on a single voucher specimen. Each species is fully described, and a key to the species of Apristurus in Taiwanese waters is provided. Morphological and biological information of each species is also provided.
Factors Predictive of Voice and Swallowing Outcomes after Anterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine
Authors: Mehra Saral , Heineman Thomas E. , Cammisa Frank P. , Girardi Federico P. , Sama Andrew A. , Kutler David I. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo quantify the incidence of postoperative voice, swallowing, and other problems, including time to resolution following anterior transcervical approaches to the cervical spine, and to assess surgical factors associated with outcomes.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred eighty‐eight consecutive patients with cervical spine disease who underwent an anterior transcervical approach to the spine by a single head and neck surgeon over a 4‐year time period. Rather than primary, single‐level approaches, all patients in this study had multilevel, high‐cervical (above C4), low‐cervical (below C6), and/or revision approaches. Postoperative voice, swallowing, and other complaints were measured as well as time to resolution using Kaplan‐Meier method. Surgical factors related to outcomes were analyzed using regression analysis.ResultsFollow‐up was available for 129 patients, with average and median time of 35 months. Seventy‐seven patients (60%) had a postoperative issue, including 35 patients (27%) with postoperative voice complaint, 62 patients (48%) with postoperative swallowing complaint, and 16 patients (12%) with other problems. Swallowing and voice complaints persisted beyond 1 year in 28% and 9% of patients, respectively. Approaching spinal levels above C4 and exposing more than 3 spinal levels were 2 factors significantly related to voice and swallowing problems.ConclusionThere is a high incidence of subjective voice and swallowing complaints following transcervical anterior approaches to the spine, and such complaints can persist beyond 1 year in many patients. Exposure of more than 3 spinal levels or above level C4 are 2 factors significantly associated with outcome.