bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel collider signatures in the type-I 2HDM+a model
Authors: Argyropoulos Spyros , Haisch Ulrich , Kalaitzidou Ilia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 2HDM+a model is one of the main models used in the interpretations of dark matter searches at the LHC. So far, all the 2HDM+a benchmarks considered by the ATLAS and CMS experiments are limited to a type-II Yukawa sector, in which the Higgs bosons A, H, and H± are all constrained to be mass-degenerate and heavier than around 600 GeV. In this work, we present the first detailed study of 2HDM+a models with a type-I Yukawa sector, which, for moderate values of tan β, lift the constraints from flavour physics, allowing the extra Higgs bosons to be even lighter than the 125 GeV Higgs boson discovered at the LHC. We discuss several benchmarks where the A, H, and H± states are not necessarily mass-degenerate and the signatures that arise in these models, some of which have not yet been explored at the LHC. We present the dominant channels in the studied benchmarks and the expected sensitivity in Run 2 data using truth-level analyses and discuss potential improvements in the experimental searches for Run 3.
Hydrodynamics, anomaly inflow and bosonic effective field theory
Authors: Abanov Alexander G. , Cappelli Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Euler hydrodynamics of perfect fluids can be viewed as an effective bosonic field theory. In cases when the underlying microscopic system involves Dirac fermions, the quantum anomalies should be properly described. In 1+1 dimensions the action formulation of hydrodynamics at zero temperature is reconsidered and shown to be equal to standard field-theory bosonization. Furthermore, it can be derived from a topological gauge theory in one extra dimension, which identifies the fluid variables through the anomaly inflow relations. Extending this framework to 3+1 dimensions yields an effective field theory/hydrodynamics model, capable of elucidating the mixed axial-vector and axial-gravitational anomalies of Dirac fermions. This formulation provides a platform for bosonization in higher dimensions. Moreover, the connection with 4+1 dimensional topological theories suggests some generalizations of fluid dynamics involving additional degrees of freedom.
Domain walls in super Yang-Mills: worldvolume TQFTs and deconfinement from semiclassics on ℝ3 × 𝕊1
Authors: Cox Andrew A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work studies domain walls between chirally-separated vacua in supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) on ℝ3× 𝕊1 in the semiclassical limit. For all gauge groups we explicitly find the electric fluxes of all BPS domain walls and fully characterize the representation that they form under the global symmetry of SYM. We compute the characters of these representations formed by the semiclassical domain walls. We also compute these characters for the worldvolume TQFTs appearing in the literature for SU(N) and Sp(N) gauge groups. We find complete agreement between the two computations, providing thus a dynamical test of the proposed worldvolume TQFTs. We also propose a new worldvolume TQFT for E6 domain walls, subjecting it to the same tests. Finally, we study deconfinement of quarks on domain walls for all gauge groups. We show that for all gauge groups confining strings (stable in the abelianized regime) can end on domain walls, regardless of whether or not the group has a center.
T-duality and flavor symmetries in Little String Theories
Authors: Ahmed Hamza , Oehlmann Paul-Konstantin , Ruehle Fabian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We explore the T-duality web of 6D Heterotic Little String Theories, focusing on flavor algebra reducing deformations. A careful analysis of the full flavor algebra, including Abelian factors, shows that the flavor rank is preserved under T-duality. This suggests a new T-duality invariant in addition to the Coulomb branch dimension and the two-group structure constants. We also engineer Little String Theories with non-simply laced flavor algebras, whose appearance we attribute to certain discrete 3-form fluxes in M-theory. Geometrically, these theories are engineered in F-theory with non-Kähler favorable K3 fibers. This geometric origin leads us to propose that freezing fluxes are preserved across T-duality. Along the way, we discuss various exotic models, including two inequivalent Spin(32)/ℤ2 models that are dual to the same E8 × E8 theory, and a family of self-T-dual models.
Side-side-angle with fixed angles and the cyclic quadrilateral
Authors: Csiba Peter , Donnelly John , Németh László 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong the triangle congruence axioms, the side-side-angle (SsA) axiom states that two triangles are congruent if and only if two pairs of corresponding sides and the angles opposite the longer sides are equal. The modification of the SsA axiom provides a construction with two triangle sequences . We require that the opposite angles of the equivalent shorter sides be fixed and the longer sides be equal. The locus of the intersection points of other sides of triangles is derived to be a hyperbola, and in a generalized form defined by a complete quadrilateral, it is a conic section.
Novel monastrol/melatonin hybrids as a new approach for colorectal cancer intervention: design, synthesis, biological activity, and drug-likeness modeling studies
Authors: Preciado-A David , Yepes Andrés F. , Herrera-R Angie , Cardona-G Wilson 
Published: August 2024

AbstractConsidering the important increase in the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer, it is necessary to develop new strategies in the search for new alternatives against this disease. Hence, we designed and synthesized a new series of monastrol/melatonin hybrids and evaluated them in vitro and in silico to determine the potential of these new chemical entities on this type of cancer. To achieve this goal, the different compounds were evaluated in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells SW480, while establishing the selective potential of the hybrids through the nonmalignant human colon mucosal epithelial cell line (NCM460). According to the results, hybrids 6a, 6c, 6i, and 6j displayed the best response, with IC50 values in the range of 5.2 and 6.3 μM, inducing important changes depending on concentration and time. In addition, these compounds were extremely active in comparison to the single molecules, and they were slightly more selective than the reference drug (5 fluorouracil, 5-FU). Besides, an optimal pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile was also estimated for hybrids 6a, 6c, 6i, and 6j. Altogether, novel hybrids of monastrol-MLT, in particular, 6a (-H), 6c (3-OMe), 6i (3,4-OMe), and 6j (3,5-OMe) could be addressed as starting points for further pharmacological studies concerning to combat colorectal cancer.
Revolutionising orthopaedic implants—a comprehensive review on metal 3D printing with materials, design strategies, manufacturing technologies, and post-process machining advancements
Authors: Shaikh Mustafiz , Kahwash Fadi , Lu Zhilun , Alkhreisat Mohammad , Mohammad Ashfaq , Shyha Islam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper conceptualises an understanding of advanced manufacturing methods to develop 3D-printed metallic orthopaedic implants, including a brief discussion on post-process machining. The significance of Metallic Additive Manufacturing (MAM) and its practicality for industrial applications is discussed through a juxtaposition with conventional casting and machining approach. Different alloys and suitable MAM techniques are thoroughly reviewed to determine optimum operating conditions. Although MAM can produce near-net shape parts, post-processing is an unavoidable requirement to improve surface quality and dimensional accuracy. A comparative study is presented, highlighting the importance of machining for post-processing in terms of cost savings and performance. Different materials are evaluated aiming to overcome problems associated with existing orthopaedic implants. The consequence of bone-implant mechanical mismatch leading to stress shielding and inadequate corrosion properties obstructing biodegradability are explored in detail. The effect of additive manufacturing parameters on mechanical, corrosion, and surface properties including biocompatibility is analysed. Evidence of MAM’s advantages over conventional manufacturing approaches, such as the use of functionally graded lattices and patient-specific customised designs, is also presented. Finally, for future studies, a two-way approach is conceptualised with material selection and manufacturing process control in progressions of implant development using MAM.
Graphical Abstract
[99mTc]Tc-hydroxydiphosphonate uptake in soft tissue is associated with amyloid load in subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue and mortality in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis patients
Authors: Tingen Hendrea Sanne Aletta , Groothof Dion , Tubben Alwin , Bijzet Johan , Houwerzijl Ewout J. , Muntinghe Friso L. H. , van der Zwaag Paul A. , van der Meer Peter , Hazenberg Bouke P. C. , Slart Riemer H. J. A. , Nienhuis Hans L. A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Bone scintigraphy is key to non-invasively diagnosing wild-type transthyretin (ATTRwt) amyloidosis, and is mainly used to assess cardiac radiotracer uptake. However, extracardiac radiotracer uptake is also observed. We investigated whether intensity of soft tissue radiotracer uptake is associated with amyloid load in subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue and with mortality.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 94 ATTRwt amyloidosis patients and 26 amyloid-negative heart failure controls who underwent whole-body [99mTc]Tc-hydroxydiphosphonate scintigraphy. Site-to-background ratios were calculated for heart, elbows, subcutaneous tissue, shoulders and wrists on anterior planar bone scintigraphy images using rib and whole-body radiotracer uptake as background. Fat tissue aspirates were stained with Congo red to grade amyloid load. Site-to-rib ratios were compared between ATTRwt amyloidosis patients and controls, and associations of site-to-background ratio with Congo red score and all-cause mortality were studied.

Results
ATTRwt amyloidosis patients had higher soft tissue-to-rib, heart-to-rib and heart-to-whole body ratios compared with controls. The intensity of soft tissue uptake was positively associated with amyloid load in fat tissue in ATTRwt amyloidosis patients. Estimated glomerular filtration rate, N-terminal brain natriuretic propeptide, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT), and the prognostic Mayo and NAC staging system were associated with all-cause mortality in univariable models. Soft tissue/rib ratio, hs-cTnT and the prognostic staging systems were the only two variables that were independently associated withall-cause mortality.

Conclusion
Soft tissue radiotracer uptake on bone scintigraphy in ATTRwt amyloidosis patients is positively associated with amyloid load in abdominal fat tissue and is independently associated with mortality.
Investigation of the Effect of Mobile and Immobile Regions on Fat Graft Viability: An Experimental Study in a New Model
Authors: Çakır Bozkurt Gökçen , Yoleri Levent , Temiz Peyker 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Fat grafts are widely used in plastic, aesthetic and reconstructive surgery. Their unpredictable resorption is their main disadvantage. A review of the literature shows that there is a lack of research on the effect of mobile and immobile regions on fat graft survival in fat graft applications.

Objective
Our aim was to investigate the relationship of fat graft survival with mobile and immobile region in a new experimental model.

Methods
Twenty-four male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=12). Fat grafts were harvested from the right inguinal region of the rat. In Group 1, the fat graft was placed in the subcutaneous pouch formed in the scalp region of the rat. In Group 2, fat grafts were placed in the pouch formed in the posterior cervical region of the rat. At the end of 6 weeks, the weights and histopathology of the fat grafts were evaluated. Histopathological examinations were performed in a blinded fashion.

Results
The weights of the fat grafts were found to be higher in Group 1. At the same time, histopathological examinations showed that vascular density was higher in Group 1. There was no statistically significant difference in other histopathological examinations.

Conclusion
The mobile and immobile areas may have different effects on the survival of transplanted fat grafts. Sliding movement between muscle and skin in the mobile zone puts stress on the fat graft. In our study, the mobile site was shown to have a negative effect on the vascularity of the fat graft. It was observed that the vascular density was higher in the fat graft placed in the immobilised area. Further studies on the increase in vascularity can be carried out using the new experimental model we have created.

No Level Assigned
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Bedarfe und klinische Versorgung Betroffener von SED-Unrecht
Authors: Gallistl A. , Schneider N. , Strauß B. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungSeit dem Beitritt der DDR zur BRD wurde die schlechte klinische Versorgungslage Betroffener von Unrecht, das die Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED) begangen hat, immer wieder kritisiert und eine Verbesserung gefordert. Im Folgenden wird ein Überblick über die bestehende klinisch relevante Literatur zur Versorgungslage der Betroffenen gegeben. Hierzu werden zunächst Definitionsprobleme und die Frage der klinischen Spezifika dieser Zielgruppe diskutiert. Anschließend erfolgt ein Überblick über die aktuelle psychosoziale Versorgung in der „Aufarbeitungslandschaft“, bevor weitere Befunde aus der klinischen Literatur referiert werden. Es gibt Hinweise, dass es sich bei den Betroffenen v. a. um Personengruppen mit gesundheitlicher und sozialer Mehrfachbelastung handelt, bei denen traumabedingte Barrieren der Inanspruchnahme, Kompetenzbarrieren bei Behandlern und strukturelle Probleme des Gesundheitssystems manifest werden. Fragen individuellen Leidens sind zudem untrennbar verklammert mit Fragen des politischen Diskurses und der Ausgestaltung von Entschädigungsregelungen. Bei genauer Betrachtung zeigt sich jedoch, dass klinische Grundlagen- und Versorgungsforschung bei diesem Thema aktuell an ihre Grenzen stoßen und vorläufig viele Fragen offenbleiben müssen.
Neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus contributes to organ damage beyond the nervous system: a post-hoc analysis of 5 phase III randomized clinical trials
Authors: Nikolopoulos Dionysis , Cetrez Nursen , Lindblom Julius , Parodis Ioannis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the association between neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and SLICC/ACR damage index (SDI) items, especially non-neuropsychiatric items.

Methods
Baseline data from five phase III trials (BLISS-52, BLISS-76, BLISS-SC, BLISS-NEA, EMBRACE) were analysed. NPSLE involvement was defined as NP BILAG A/B/C/D (n = 272); NP BILAG E denoted non-neuropsychiatric SLE (n = 3273). We employed multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex, disease duration, and ethnicity.

Results
The median (IQR) and mean ± SD SDI scores were 0 (0–1) and 0.62 ± 1.09. Compared with the non-neuropsychiatric SLE group, NPSLE patients were more likely to develop damage (adjusted (a)OR = 2.86; 95% CI = 2.28–3.59). This held true also after suppression of the NP SDI items (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.36–2.12). Beyond the neuropsychiatric domain, NPSLE was associated with damage in the cardiovascular (aOR = 2.63; 95% CI = 1.75–3.95), musculoskeletal (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.43–2.52), and skin (aOR = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.06–2.22) SDI domains. Dissecting domains into items, NPSLE was associated with coronary artery disease (aOR = 3.08; 95% CI = 1.44–6.58), myocardial infraction (aOR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.54–6.27), muscle atrophy (aOR = 3.34; 2.16–5.16), scarring alopecia (aOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.19–2.70), bowel infarction (aOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.20–3.26), retinopathy (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI = 1.15–4.32), and premature gonadal failure (aOR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.11–3.90).

Conclusion
The intricate association between NPSLE and damage accrual extends beyond the nervous system to also comprise the musculoskeletal, skin, and cardiovascular organ systems.
Direct correlation of MR-DWI and histopathology of Wilms’ tumours through a patient-specific 3D-printed cutting guide
Authors: van der Beek Justine N. , Fitski Matthijs , de Krijger Ronald R. , Vermeulen Marijn A. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , Maat Arie , Buser Myrthe A. D. , Wijnen Marc H. W. A. , Hendrikse Jeroen , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , van der Steeg Alida F. W. , Littooij Annemieke S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The International Society of Paediatric Oncology-Renal Tumour Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) discourages invasive procedures to determine the histology of paediatric renal neoplasms at diagnosis. Therefore, the histological subtype of Wilms’ tumours (WT) is unknown at the start of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MR-DWI shows potential value as a non-invasive biomarker through apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs). This study aimed to describe MR characteristics and ADC values of paediatric renal tumours to differentiate subtypes.

Materials and methods
Children with a renal tumour undergoing surgery within the SIOP-RTSG 2016-UMBRELLA protocol were prospectively included between May 2021 and 2023. In the case of a total nephrectomy, a patient-specific cutting guide based on the neoadjuvant MR was 3D-printed, allowing a correlation between imaging and histopathology. Whole-tumour volumes and ADC values were statistically compared with the Mann-Whitney U-test. Direct correlation on the microscopic slide level was analysed through mixed model analysis.

Results
Fifty-nine lesions of 54 patients (58% male, median age 3.0 years (range 0–17.7 years)) were included. Forty-four lesions involved a WT. Stromal type WT showed the lowest median decrease in volume after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (48.1 cm3, range 561.5–(+)332.7 cm3, p = 0.035). On a microscopic slide level (n = 240 slides) after direct correlation through the cutting guide, stromal areas showed a significantly higher median ADC value compared to epithelial and blastemal foci (p < 0.001). With a cut-off value of 1.195 * 10−3 mm2/s, sensitivity, and specificity were 95.2% (95% confidence interval 87.6–98.4%) and 90.5% (95% confidence interval 68.2–98.3%), respectively.

Conclusion
Correlation between histopathology and MR-DWI through a patient-specific 3D-printed cutting guide resulted in significant discrimination of stromal type WT from epithelial and blastemal subtypes.

Clinical relevance statement
Stromal Wilms’ tumours could be discriminated from epithelial- and blastemal lesions based on high apparent diffusion coefficient values and limited decrease in volume after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This may aid in future decision-making, especially concerning discrimination between low- and high-risk neoplasms.

Key Points

MR-DWI shows potential value as a non-invasive biomarker in paediatric renal tumours.

The patient-specific cutting guide leads to a correlation between apparent diffusion coefficient values and Wilms’ tumour subtype.

Stromal areas could be discriminated from epithelial and blastemal foci in Wilms’ tumours based on apparent diffusion coefficient values.
Prädiktive Parameter für den anatomischen Operationserfolg bei durchgreifenden Makulaforamina
Authors: von Goscinski C. , Gözlügöl N. , Schick T. , Schöneberger V. , Gietzelt C. , Altay L. , Cursiefen C. , Schaub F. 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das durchgreifende Makulaforamen stellt eine seltene Erkrankung dar, bei der nicht alle Defekte mittels primärer chirurgischer Intervention verschlossen werden können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Charakterisierung eines umfangreichen Patientenkollektivs dieser seltenen Erkrankung und Detektion möglicher prädiktiver Faktoren für den anatomischen Behandlungserfolg.

Material und Methoden
Retrospektive Analyse aller konsekutiven idiopathischen durchgreifenden Makulaforamina im Zeitraum März 2008 bis Juni 2019 an der Universitätsaugenklinik Köln. Untersucht wurden u. a. epidemiologische Daten, präoperative Parameter (Foramengröße) und Operationstechnik in Bezug auf die Verschlussrate nach primärer Operation.

Ergebnisse
Die anatomische Verschlussrate bei idiopathischen Makulaforamina nach primärer Operation lag bei 83,6 %. Es konnte kein Einfluss des Alters, des Geschlechts oder des Linsenstatus auf die Verschlussrate aufgezeigt werden. Die identifizierten prognostisch günstigen Faktoren in Bezug auf den anatomischen Operationserfolg waren: eine kleine Foramengröße, eine kurze Symptomdauer, die Durchführung einer transkonjunktivalen 23-Gauge Vitrektomie sowie die Anwendung der invertierten Flap-Technik der Membrana limitans interna (ILM).

Schlussfolgerung
Die operative Behandlung des durchgreifenden Makulaforamens stellt aufgrund guter Erfolgsaussichten eine wertvolle Behandlungsoption dar. Eine zeitnahe Intervention nach Diagnosestellung mittels 23-Gauge-Vitrektomie und ILM-Flap mit Gastamponade scheint für das Outcome am günstigsten zu sein.
Community-based analysis of stroke prevention and effect of public interventions in atrial fibrillation: results from the ARENA project
Authors: Zylla Maura M. , Özdemir Belgin , Hochadel Matthias , Zeymer U. , Akin Ibrahim , Grau Armin , Schneider Steffen , Alonso Angelika , Waldecker Bernd , Süselbeck Tim , Schwacke Harald , Haass Markus , Zahn Ralf , Borggrefe Martin , Senges Jochen , Frey Norbert , Thomas Dierk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Community-based interventions may promote awareness and adherence to atrial fibrillation (AF)-related therapies, potentially reducing adverse events. The ARENA project investigated the health status, therapies and events in AF patients in the Rhein–Neckar Region, Germany. The subproject “ARENA intervention” studied the effect of community-based interventions on AF-associated outcomes.

Methods
From 2016 onward, patients with diagnosed AF were recruited for the observational ARENA registry. In 2018, an intervention period was initiated involving population-based information campaigns on AF diagnosis and therapies. The “control group” was recruited prior to initiation, and the “intervention group” afterward. Patients underwent standardized follow-up > 1 year after recruitment. Clinical outcomes, therapy and quality of life were compared between the two groups.

Results
A total of 2769 patients were included. This real-world cohort showed high adherence to oral anticoagulation therapy (OAC) and an increased use of NOACs over vitamin K antagonists over time. In the intervention group (n = 1362), more patients continued OAC at follow-up (87.1% vs. 81.5%, P = 0.002). However, this difference was not significant in the patient subgroup with class I/IIa indications for OAC (90.1% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.11). AF-related re-hospitalization was lower in the intervention group (6.8% vs. 12.3%, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in quality of life. AF-related anxiety was reduced at follow-up. Of note, nearly a quarter of all patients stated that ARENA had influenced their health perception.

Conclusion
Tailored community-based campaigns may raise awareness for AF-related health issues, supporting therapy adherence. Future public strategies to improve quality of life in AF patients should be investigated, as the ARENA project hints at a potential benefit of population-based campaigns.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02978248).