bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the chemical composition of coal and coal ash by X‐ray fluorescence method: A review
Authors: Revenko Anatoly G. , Pashkova Galina V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInformation about the elemental compositions of coal and coal ash is very important to solve some issues related to both technological processes and the control of environmental pollution. It is known that the coal and coal ash samples often contain significant amounts of valuable as well as toxic components (e.g., V, Cr, Со, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Ba, Pb, Ga, and Ge) that can be successfully determined by X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. This review briefly discusses the development of XRF equipment, elements of interest determined by XRF, and common sample preparation procedures. The calculation of relative intensities of analytical lines of some elements and scattered radiation is presented to demonstrate possible matrix effects in XRF analysis. Possibilities and drawbacks of total reflection XRF (TXRF) are described in detail as the coal and ash analysis is a relatively new area of application of TXRF method. The review also presents examples of the application of the XRF method for analysis of waste from coal preparation plants and thermal power plants to assess their prospects and to choose a method for extracting individual elements. Among the reviewed publications, several works are devoted to the study of the element distributions, especially rare earth elements, in coals, coal ash, and coal waste.
Anomalous U(1) extension of the Standard Model
Authors: Anastasopoulos Pascal , Antoniadis Ignatios , Benakli Karim , Rondeau François 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present a set of example models in which the Standard Model (SM) symmetry group is extended by a new abelian symmetry. This additional symmetry appears anomalous in the effective low-energy theory; however, the anomalies cancel out when massive chiral fermions not present in the effective low-energy theory are taken into account. These chiral fermions under the new abelian gauge group, are chosen to be vector-like under the SM symmetries, and reside in the same representations as quarks and leptons. This allows us to quantitatively determine the magnitude of tree-level interactions between three vector bosons induced in low-energy effective field theory by the integration of chiral heavy fermions. We also examine the perturbativity constraints of the theory and the ultraviolet cut-off. We conclude by highlighting possible extensions of our work.
Large-N integrated correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM: when resurgence meets modularity
Authors: Dorigoni Daniele , Treilis Rudolfs 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Exact expressions for certain integrated correlators of four half-BPS operators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N) have been recently obtained thanks to a beautiful interplay between supersymmetric localisation and modular invariance. The large-N expansion at fixed Yang-Mills coupling of such integrated correlators produces an asymptotic series of perturbative terms, holographically related to higher derivative interactions in the low energy expansion of the type IIB effective action, as well as exponentially suppressed corrections at large N, interpreted as contributions from coincident (p, q)-string world-sheet instantons. In this work we define a manifestly modular invariant Borel resummation of the perturbative large-N expansion of these integrated correlators, from which we extract the exact non-perturbative large-N sectors via resurgence analysis. Furthermore, we show that in the ’t Hooft limit such modular invariant non-perturbative completions reduce to known resurgent genus expansions. Finally, we clarify how the same non-perturbative data is encoded in the decomposition of the integrated correlators based on SL(2, ℤ) spectral theory.
Electroweak evolution equations and isospin conservation
Authors: Ciafaloni Paolo , Co’ Giampaolo , Colferai Dimitri , Comelli Denis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In processes taking place at energies much higher than the weak scale, electroweak corrections can be taken into account by using electroweak evolution equations, that are analogous to the DGLAP equations in QCD. We show that weak isospin conservation in these equations imposes to modify the expressions of the splitting functions commonly used in the literature. These modifications have a profound impact on the parton distribution functions.
N3LO power corrections for 0-jettiness subtractions with fiducial cuts
Authors: Vita Gherardo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the leading logarithmic power corrections at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order for 0-jettiness subtractions for Drell-Yan and Higgs production in gluon fusion differential in both the invariant mass and rapidity of the color singlet. We review how to disentangle these power corrections from those arising from the presence of fiducial and isolation cuts by using Projection-to-Born improved slicing. Our results include all the channels contributing at leading logarithmic order for these processes, including the off-diagonal channels that receive contributions from soft quark emission. We study the numerical impact of the power corrections for Drell-Yan and Higgs production and find it to become negligible compared to the size of the N3LO corrections only below τcut ~ 10−5. We estimate that in a fully differential calculation at N3LO combining the Projection-to-Born improved slicing method and our results for the leading logarithmic power corrections may allow for keeping the slicing uncertainties under control already with τcut ≲ 10−3, marking a significant improvement in efficiency for these methods. These results constitute a crucial ingredient for fully differential N3LO calculations based on the N-jettiness subtraction scheme.
Timelike entanglement entropy and phase transitions in non-conformal theories
Authors: Afrasiar Mir , Basak Jaydeep Kumar , Giataganas Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We propose a holographic formalism for a timelike entanglement entropy in non-conformal theories. This pseudoentropy is a complex-valued measure of information, which, in holographic non-conformal theories, receives contributions from a set of spacelike surfaces and a finite timelike bulk surface with mirror symmetry. We suggest a method of merging the surfaces so that the boundary length of the subregion is exclusively specified by holography. We show that in confining theories, the surfaces can be merged in the bulk at the infrared tip of the geometry and are homologous to the boundary region. The timelike entanglement entropy receives its imaginary and real contributions from the timelike and the spacelike surfaces, respectively. Additionally, we demonstrate that in confining theories, there exists a critical length within which a connected non-trivial surface can exist, and the imaginary part of the timelike entanglement entropy is non-zero. Therefore, the timelike entanglement entropy exhibits unique behavior in confining theories, making it a probe of confinement and phase transitions. Finally, we discuss the entanglement entropy in Euclidean spacetime in confining theories and the effect of a simple analytical continuation from a spacelike subsystem to a timelike one.
A heuristic approach to attenuation of non-relevant metabolites in groundwater and drinking water in Germany
Authors: Sur Robin , Herrmann Marco , Ganbaatar Namjil , Singer Alexander 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA simple and effective heuristic approach was developed and validated to predict the concentration of non-relevant metabolites (nrM) of pesticides in groundwater and drinking water resources based on the simulated concentrations in leachate as used in product authorizations. The evaluation of extensive monitoring data for 50 nrM has demonstrated that the heuristic has a high predictive performance, i.e., concentrations of < 10 µg/l in shallow leachate in the unsaturated zone of the soil in 1 m depth are protective of 1 µg/l in groundwater and raw water in 98 % of cases (49/50 nrM). The reason for the excellent predictive power of the heuristic approach is the large concentration attenuation from leachate to groundwater and to raw water, which was determined to be, on average, 25- and 45-fold, respectively.
Transitions in chromatin conformation shaped by fatty acids and the circadian clock underlie hepatic transcriptional reorganization in obese mice
Authors: Pacheco-Bernal Ignacio , Becerril-Pérez Fernando , Bustamante-Zepeda Marcia , González-Suárez Mirna , Olmedo-Suárez Miguel A. , Hernández-Barrientos Luis Ricardo , Alarcón-del-Carmen Alejandro , Escalante-Covarrubias Quetzalcoatl , Mendoza-Viveros Lucía , Hernández-Lemus Enrique , León-del-Río Alfonso , de la Rosa-Velázquez Inti A. , Orozco-Solis Ricardo , Aguilar-Arnal Lorena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe circadian clock system coordinates metabolic, physiological, and behavioral functions across a 24-h cycle, crucial for adapting to environmental changes. Disruptions in circadian rhythms contribute to major metabolic pathologies like obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing circadian control is vital for identifying therapeutic targets. It is well characterized that chromatin remodeling and 3D structure at genome regulatory elements contributes to circadian transcriptional cycles; yet the impact of rhythmic chromatin topology in metabolic disease is largely unexplored. In this study, we explore how the spatial configuration of the genome adapts to diet, rewiring circadian transcription and contributing to dysfunctional metabolism. We describe daily fluctuations in chromatin contacts between distal regulatory elements of metabolic control genes in livers from lean and obese mice and identify specific lipid-responsive regions recruiting the clock molecular machinery. Interestingly, under high-fat feeding, a distinct interactome for the clock-controlled gene Dbp strategically promotes the expression of distal metabolic genes including Fgf21. Alongside, new chromatin loops between regulatory elements from genes involved in lipid metabolism control contribute to their transcriptional activation. These enhancers are responsive to lipids through CEBPβ, counteracting the circadian repressor REVERBa. Our findings highlight the intricate coupling of circadian gene expression to a dynamic nuclear environment under high-fat feeding, supporting a temporally regulated program of gene expression and transcriptional adaptation to diet.
Equal rank local theta correspondence as a strong Morita equivalence
Authors: Mesland Bram , Şengün Mehmet Haluk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet (G, H) be one of the equal rank reductive dual pairs $$\left( Mp_{2n},O_{2n+1} \right) $$

M

p

2
n

,

O

2
n
+
1

or $$\left( U_n,U_n \right) $$

U
n

,

U
n

over a nonarchimedean local field of characteristic zero. It is well-known that the theta correspondence establishes a bijection between certain subsets, say $$\widehat{G}_\theta $$

G
^

θ

and $$\widehat{H}_\theta $$

H
^

θ

, of the tempered duals of G and H. We prove that this bijection arises from an equivalence between the categories of representations of two $$C^*$$

C
∗

-algebras whose spectra are $$\widehat{G}_\theta $$

G
^

θ

and $$\widehat{H}_\theta $$

H
^

θ

. This equivalence is implemented by the induction functor associated to a Morita equivalence bimodule (in the sense of Rieffel) which we construct using the oscillator representation. As an immediate corollary, we deduce that the bijection is functorial and continuous with respect to weak inclusion. We derive further consequences regarding the transfer of characters and preservation of formal degrees.
Rural–urban migration of Alaska Indigenous peoples: changing patterns and drivers
Authors: Berman Matthew , Wang-Cendejas Ruoqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMigration from rural areas to urban population centers has long been associated with modernization; a pattern one might expect to accelerate as advancing climate change degrades rural land-based livelihoods. Does rural–urban migration of arctic Indigenous peoples follow a similar pattern? Has depopulation of rural arctic areas accelerated as climate-driven environmental change has intensified in the rapidly warming arctic? What are the main drivers of mobility, both historically and more recently? We address these questions through a review and synthesis of empirical studies of rural–urban migration of arctic Indigenous peoples using individual records over the past four decades, along with analysis of new data informed by those previous studies. The use of microdata allows us to incorporate variation in individual situations and choices as well as community characteristics that vary across space and time, permitting us to make inferences about factors associated with decisions to move. The evidence shows that rural–urban migration patterns appear largely to have persisted over the decades, but some drivers have changed. Living costs appear to have replaced livelihood opportunities as the dominant driver since 2000. Other changes in decisions to move are complex, and require additional research to understand.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Restoration of Uterovaginal Continuity and Vaginoplasty—Utero-Colo-Neovaginoplasty—in Cervicovaginal Agenesis Using the Sigmoid Colon
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Thotan Sundeep Payyanur , Prabhu Santosh P , Narayan Pratap Kumar , Pai Nitin G , Rammohan Ranjani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction and Hypothesis
Congenital cervicovaginal agenesis in the presence of a functional endometrium is a rare Müllerian anomaly. The management ranges from hysterectomy historically to various reconstructive procedures more recently. We report our experience with utero-colo-vaginoplasty in the management of this anomaly and its long-term follow-up.

Methods
The case records of all the patients with vaginal or cervicovaginal agenesis in our hospital from January 2002 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were then called for an outpatient visit and examined in detail. The anatomical variations, surgical procedures and outcomes were recorded and analysed.

Results
Sixteen patients aged 14 to 26 years were included during the study period. They presented with cyclical painful cryptomenorrhea. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed cervicovaginal or distal vaginal agenesis. All the patients underwent utero-colo-vaginoplasty. Intraoperative rectal injury led to post-operative faecal leak from the perineal wound in one patient in the post-operative period. Restoration of painless menstrual flow was possible in all 16 cases. Long-term complications were seen in 4 patients. These were stenosis of the perineal neovaginal orifice in 2 patients, obstruction at colo-uterine anastomosis in 1 patient and mucosal prolapse at the neovagina in 1 patient. Three of these patients needed secondary surgical procedures. Five were sexually active and reported consummation of penetrative intercourse. None of them had conceived.

Conclusion
In our experience, utero-colo-vaginoplasty allows for regular painless menstruation and coitus with minimal long-term complications. The sole disadvantage is the failure to conceive.
Sedation and anesthesia for imaging of the infant and neonate—a brief review
Authors: Beaulieu Forrest P. , Zuckerberg Gabriel , Coletti Kristen , Mapelli Emily , Flibotte John , Sampath Spoorthi , Hwang Misun , Drum Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSedation and anesthesia are often required in order to facilitate collection of high-quality imaging studies free of significant motion artifact for infants and neonates. Provision of safe sedation and anesthesia requires good communication between the ordering provider, radiologist, and anesthesiologist, careful pre-procedural evaluation of the patient, and availability of appropriate and sufficient equipment, drugs, personnel, and facilities. There are many additional factors to be considered for provision of safe sedation or anesthesia for infants and neonates—it is ideal to involve a fellowship-trained pediatric anesthesiologist in the planning and carry-out of these plans. In this review, we discuss some of the basic definitions of sedation and anesthesia, requirements for safe sedation and anesthesia, and many of the germane risks and additional considerations that factor into the delivery of a safe sedation or anesthesia plan for the imaging of an infant or neonate.
On the Formation of Microstructure for Singularly Perturbed Problems with Two, Three, or Four Preferred Gradients
Authors: Ginster Janusz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this manuscript, singularly perturbed energies with 2, 3, or 4 preferred gradients subject to incompatible Dirichlet boundary conditions are studied. This extends results on models for martensitic microstructures in shape memory alloys ($$N=2$$

N
=
2

), a continuum approximation for the $$J_1-J_3$$

J
1

-

J
3

-model for discrete spin systems ($$N=4$$

N
=
4

), and models for crystalline surfaces with N different facets (general N). On a unit square, scaling laws are proved with respect to two parameters, one measuring the transition cost between different preferred gradients and the other measuring the incompatibility of the set of preferred gradients and the boundary conditions. By a change of coordinates, the latter can also be understood as an incompatibility of a variable domain with a fixed set of preferred gradients. Moreover, it is shown how simple building blocks and covering arguments lead to upper bounds on the energy and solutions to the differential inclusion problem on general Lipschitz domains.
High throughput spatial immune mapping reveals an innate immune scar in post-COVID-19 brains
Authors: Schwabenland Marius , Hasavci Dilara , Frase Sibylle , Wolf Katharina , Deigendesch Nikolaus , Buescher Joerg M. , Mertz Kirsten D. , Ondruschka Benjamin , Altmeppen Hermann , Matschke Jakob , Glatzel Markus , Frank Stephan , Thimme Robert , Beck Juergen , Hosp Jonas A. , Blank Thomas , Bengsch Bertram , Prinz Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe underlying pathogenesis of neurological sequelae in post-COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Here, we used multidimensional spatial immune phenotyping and machine learning methods on brains from initial COVID-19 survivors to identify the biological correlate associated with previous SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with post-COVID-19 revealed a high percentage of TMEM119+P2RY12+CD68+Iba1+HLA-DR+CD11c+SCAMP2+ microglia assembled in prototypical cellular nodules. In contrast to acute SARS-CoV-2 cases, the frequency of CD8+ parenchymal T cells was reduced, suggesting an immune shift toward innate immune activation that may contribute to neurological alterations in post-COVID-19 patients.
Effect of facial and nasolabial asymmetry on perceived facial esthetics in children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate
Authors: Kauffmann Philipp , Kolle Johanna , Quast Anja , Wolfer Susanne , Schminke Boris , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp , Schliephake Henning 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
The aim of the present study was to objectively assess the degree of residual facial asymmetry after primary treatment of non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in children and to correlate it with subjective ratings of facial appearance.

Materials and methods
Stereophotometry was used to record the faces of 89 children with UCLP for comparison of cleft and non-cleft sides up to 5 years after primary cleft closure. Root mean square values were calculated to measure the difference between the shape of cleft and non-cleft sides of the face and were compared to controls without a cleft lip. The Asher-McDade Aesthetic Index (AMAI) was used for subjective rating of the nasolabial area through 12 laypersons.

Results
Children with a cleft lip (CL) showed no significant difference in RMS values compared to controls. Significant differences occurred when the evaluation was limited to the nasolabial area, however only in patients with cleft lip alveolus (CLA) and cleft lip palate (CLAP)(p < 0.001). In contrast, subjective ratings showed significantly higher values for all three cleft severity groups (CL, CLA, CLAP) compared to controls (p < 0.001). There was a non-linear correlation between the RMS (root mean square) values and the AMAI score.

Conclusions
Even non-significant discrete objective deviations from facial symmetry in children after primary closure of UCLP are vigilantly registered in subjective ratings and implemented in the judgement of facial appearance.

Clinical relevance
3D stereophotometry is a usefull tool in monitoring asymmetry in patients with a cleft.
Cross-sectional Average Length of Life Entropy ($${\mathcal{H}}_{\text{CAL}}$$): International Comparisons and Decompositions
Authors: Su Wen , Canudas-Romo Vladimir 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Keyfitz and Leser’s life table entropy was proposed to serve as a relative inequality in mortality measure. Entropy considers the variation around the age at death relative to the length of lifespan in a population, allowing comparisons across time and populations. It is used widely in period and cohort applications. Here, we propose extending this measure and present an index that incorporates the history of survival of all cohorts present at a given time, namely the cross-sectional average length of life entropy, or CAL-entropy (

$${\mathcal{H}}_{\text{CAL}}$$

H
CAL

). We decompose cross-population differences of CAL-entropy into the contribution of longevity and lifespan variation, and the change of those differences across time. Our illustrations show that populations are converging regarding lifespan inequality. Lifespan variation holds a noticeable share in the CAL-entropy gap among selected European populations. Longevity held once a pronounced share in CAL-entropy differences and their change, but its influence has receded over the years. The US demonstrates a unique trend where it performs worse across time compared to the selected European populations, and lifespan variation has played a major role in this process. This study signals the importance of lifespan variation in reducing inequality in mortality among developed and longevous populations.