bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Maxillary Dental Arcade Curvature and the Estimation of Biological Ancestry in Forensic Anthropology
Authors: Clark Melissa A. , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Hubbe Mark , Stout Sam 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that palate shape is a useful indicator of biological ancestry in human remains. This study evaluates interobserver error in ancestry estimation using palate shape and explores palate shape variation in Gullah (descendants of West Africans) and Seminole (Indigenous American) population samples using geometric morphometric analysis. Ten participants were asked to ascribe biological ancestry and shape to 28 dental casts based on a classification scheme employed in previous studies. The mean correct classification was 42.0%, indicating that the likelihood of assigning the correct ancestry is very poor and not significantly different from random assignment (p = 0.12). The accuracy analysis based on categorical classification of the casts was complemented by geometric morphometric analysis of nine 3D landmarks reflecting palate shape of 158 casts. Principal component analysis results show no difference between populations regarding palate shape, and cross‐validated discriminant function analysis correctly classified only 62.0% of the specimens. Combined, these results show that previous methods to estimate ancestry are inaccurate and that this inaccuracy is probably due to a lack of palate shape differences between groups, rather than limitation of the analytical method per se. Therefore, we recommend caution should be used when choosing to apply the analysis of palate shape in forensically relevant contexts.
Physical Properties, Volatiles Compositions and Sensory Descriptions of the Aromatized Hazelnut Oil‐Wax Organogels
Authors: Yılmaz Emin , Öğütcü Mustafa , Yüceer Yonca Karagül 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical, thermal and sensorial features of vitamin enriched and aromatized hazelnut oil‐beeswax and sunflower wax organogels. Another objective was to monitor the influence of storage on textural and oxidative stability and volatile composition of the organogels. The results show that organogels with beeswax had lower levels of solid fat content, melting point and firmness than sunflower wax counterparts. The microphotographs revealed that beeswax organogels had spherical crystals while sunflower wax organogels continued need‐like crystals, but both organogels continued crystallized β’ polymorph. All organogels maintained their oxidative stability during storage. Quantitative descriptive analysis results were consistent with these findings that the organogel structure and properties were similar to breakfast margarine. The main volatile components of the organogels with added strawberry aroma were ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl‐2‐methyl butanoate, D‐limonene, ethyl caproate; banana‐aroma were isoamyl acetate, isoamyl valerianate, ethyl acetate; and butter‐aroma were 2,3‐butanedione, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone. These volatile components were not only detected in the fresh samples but also at the end of the storage period. Sensory definition terms were matched with the sensory descriptors of the detected volatiles. In conclusion, the new organogels were shown to be suitable for food product applications.
High respiratory rate is associated with early reduction of lung edema clearance in an experimental model of ARDS
Authors: Retamal J. , Borges J. B. , Bruhn A. , Cao X. , Feinstein R. , Hedenstierna G. , Johansson S. , Suarez‐Sipmann F. , Larsson A. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundThe independent impact of respiratory rate on ventilator‐induced lung injury has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two clinically relevant respiratory rates on early ventilator‐induced lung injury evolution and lung edema during the protective ARDSNet strategy. We hypothesized that the use of a higher respiratory rate during a protective ARDSNet ventilation strategy increases lung inflammation and, in addition, lung edema associated to strain‐induced activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) in the lung epithelium.MethodsTwelve healthy piglets were submitted to a two‐hit lung injury model and randomized into two groups: LRR (20 breaths/min) and HRR (40 breaths/min). They were mechanically ventilated during 6 h according to the ARDSNet strategy. We assessed respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and extravascular lung water (EVLW). At the end of the experiment, the lungs were excised and wet/dry ratio, TGF‐β pathway markers, regional histology, and cytokines were evaluated.ResultsNo differences in oxygenation, PaCO2 levels, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures were observed during the study. Respiratory system compliance and mean airway pressure were lower in LRR group. A decrease in EVLW over time occurred only in the LRR group (P < 0.05). Wet/dry ratio was higher in the HRR group (P < 0.05), as well as TGF‐β pathway activation. Histological findings suggestive of inflammation and inflammatory tissue cytokines were higher in LRR.ConclusionHRR was associated with more pulmonary edema and higher activation of the TGF‐β pathway. In contrast with our hypothesis, HRR was associated with less lung inflammation.
The skull of the Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis (Acipenseridae)
Authors: Hilton Eric J. , Dillman Casey B. , Zhang Tao , Zhang Longzhen , Zhuang Ping 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis, is a large member of Acipenseridae now found only in the Yangtze River and the Yellow and East China seas. The goal of this paper was to describe the skull of A. sinensis in the context of recent anatomical and systematic studies of sturgeons. Five specimens (354–670 mm standard length) were prepared as skeletons. The left and right parietals and frontals are broadly separated by a median fontanelle. The lateral‐most lateral extrascapular variably supports the confluence of the supratemporal, occipital and trunk lateral lines. There is no distinct ventral supraorbital process as found in other sturgeons. The anterodorsal portion of the snout is unique among Acipenseridae by having a single large anamestic dorsal rostral bone instead of a series of separate dorsal rostral bones. There are 0–2 lateral rostral bones on each side positioned anterior to but not in contact with the horizontal arm of the jugal. The dorsal surface of the neurocranium lacks a pineal opening, and its anterior tip is sharply pointed in the smaller specimens examined and gently curved in larger specimens. The anteromedial arm of the palatopterygoid is broad relative to other acipenserids. These new morphological data are discussed and compared among Acipenseridae.
CYP3A5 polymorphism affects the increase in CYP3A activity after living kidney transplantation in patients with end stage renal disease
Authors: Suzuki Yosuke , Fujioka Takashi , Sato Fuminori , Matsumoto Kunihiro , Muraya Nanako , Tanaka Ryota , Sato Yuhki , Ohno Keiko , Mimata Hiromitsu , Kishino Satoshi , Itoh Hiroki 
Published: August 2015

AimsIt has been reported that cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A activity increases significantly in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) after kidney transplantation, with wide interindividual variability in the degree of increase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism on the increase in CYP3A activity after living kidney transplantation, by measuring the plasma concentration of 4β‐hydroxycholesterol.MethodsThis prospective study recruited 22 patients with ESRD who underwent a first living kidney allograft transplantation, comprising 12 patients with CYP3A5*1 allele (CYP3A5*1/*1 or *1/*3) and 10 patients without CYP3A5*1 allele (CYP3A5*3/*3).ResultsNo significant difference in estimated glomerular filtration rate over time was observed between patients with the CYP3A5*1 allele and patients without the CYP3A5*1 allele, suggesting that the degrees of recovery in renal function after living kidney transplantation were similar in the two groups. However, plasma concentrations of 4β‐hydroxycholesterol on days 90 (57.1 ± 13.4 vs. 39.5 ± 10.8 ng ml−1) and 180 (55.0 ± 14.5 vs. 42.4 ± 12.6 ng ml−1) after living kidney transplantation were significantly higher in the presence of the CYP3A5*1 allele than in the absence of the CYP3A5*1 allele [P = 0.0034 (95% confidence interval of difference 6.55, 28.6) and P = 0.043 (95% confidence interval of difference 0.47, 24.8), respectively], suggesting that CYP3A activity may increase markedly associated with recovery of renal function in patients with the CYP3A5*1 allele.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the presence of the CYP3A5*1 allele contributes to marked elevation of CYP3A activity associated with recovery of renal function after kidney transplantation.
Phase II study of HCVIDD/MA in patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Chihara Dai , Pro Barbara , Loghavi Sanam , Miranda Roberto N. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Fanale Michelle A. , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Fayad Luis E. , Romaguera Jorge E. , Samaniego Felipe , Neelapu Sattva S. , Younes Anas , Fowler Nathan H. , Rodriguez M. Alma , Wang Michael , Kwak Larry W. , McLaughlin Peter , Dang Nam H. , Oki Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA phase II study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of hyper‐fractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and dexamethasone alternating with methotrexate/cytarabine (HCVIDD/MA) in patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL), excluding ALK‐positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Fifty‐three patients were enrolled. Treatment was planned for up to 8 cycles but only 9% of patients received more than 6 cycles due primarily to disease progression (n = 13) or prolonged thrombocytopenia (n = 12). The overall response rate was 66% with a complete response rate of 57%. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 7·5 months. With a median follow‐up of 7·6 years, 5‐year PFS and overall survival (OS) were 21% and 48%, respectively. The patients with extranodal Natural Killer‐cell lymphoma had a shorter PFS (median, 2·4 months) than other subtypes. Grade 3/4 anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 66%, 74% and 79% of patients, respectively. Of note, 23% of patients discontinued therapy due to prolonged thrombocytopenia. In conclusion, HCVIDD/MA for the first‐line treatment of PTCL patients is associated with significant myelosuppression leading to poor treatment adherence, and the response and survival outcomes with this regimen are similar to standard CHOP. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00290433.
Hierarchical Multiview Rigid Registration
Authors: Tang Yizhi , Feng Jieqing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRegistration is a key step in the 3D reconstruction of real‐world objects. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical method for the rigid registration of multiple views. The multiview registration problem is solved via hierarchical optimization defined on an undirected graph. Each node or edge in this graph represents a single view or a connection between two overlapped views, respectively. The optimizations are performed hierarchically on the edges, the loops, and the entire graph. First, each overlapped pair of views is locally aligned. Then, a loop‐based incremental registration algorithm is introduced to refine the initial pairwise alignments. After a loop is registered, the views in the loop are merged into a metaview in the graph. Finally, global error diffusion is applied to the entire graph to evenly distribute the accumulated errors to all views. In addition, a new objective function is defined to describe the loop closure problem; it improves the accuracy and robustness of registration by simultaneously considering transformation and registration errors. The experimental results show that the proposed hierarchical approach is accurate, efficient and robust for initial view states that are not well posed.
Perfect Laplacians for Polygon Meshes
Authors: Herholz Philipp , Kyprianidis Jan Eric , Alexa Marc 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA discrete Laplace‐Beltrami operator is called perfect if it possesses all the important properties of its smooth counterpart. It is known which triangle meshes admit perfect Laplace operators and how to fix any other mesh by changing the combinatorics. We extend the characterization of meshes that admit perfect Laplacians to general polygon meshes. More importantly, we provide an algorithm that computes a perfect Laplace operator for any polygon mesh without changing the combinatorics, although, possibly changing the embedding. We evaluate this algorithm and demonstrate it at applications.
Can bi‐cubic surfaces be class A?
Authors: Karčiauskas Kęstutis , Peters Jörg 
Published: August 2015

Abstract'Class A surface’ is a term in the automotive design industry, describing spline surfaces with aesthetic, non‐oscillating highlight lines. Tensor‐product B‐splines of degree bi‐3 (bicubic) are routinely used to generate smooth design surfaces and are often the de facto standard for downstream processing. To bridge the gap, this paper explores and gives a concrete suggestion, how to achieve good highlight line distributions for irregular bi‐3 tensor‐product patch layout by allowing, along some seams, a slight mismatch of normals below the industry‐accepted tolerance of one tenth of a degree. Near the irregularities, the solution can be viewed as transforming a higher‐degree, high‐quality formally smooth surface into a bi‐3 spline surface with few pieces, sacrificing formal smoothness but qualitatively retaining the shape.
Methylisothiazolinone in selected consumer products in Belgium: Adding fuel to the fire?
Authors: Aerts Olivier , Meert Hans , Goossens An , Janssens Sighile , Lambert Julien , Apers Sandra 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundMethylisothiazolinone (MI) contact allergy is severely affecting consumers with allergic contact dermatitis, owing to its presence in cosmetics, household detergents, and water‐based paints, in particular. Data on the true isothiazolinone concentrations in these products are scarce, and labelling may be incorrect.ObjectivesTo report on the MI concentrations in such products marketed in Belgium, in order to verify the accuracy of labelling (when applicable) and compliance with EU regulations.Materials and methodsThirty cosmetics (18 leave‐on and 12 rinse‐off), eight detergents and four paints were analysed for MI by the use of high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.ResultsThe analysed leave‐on, and to a lesser extent the rinse‐off, cosmetics, contained MI at concentrations far exceeding the permitted 100 ppm use concentration. Household detergents contained high concentrations of MI, and mislabelling occurred for both cosmetics and detergents. The (limited) data on paints are in line with the existing literature.ConclusionCosmetics and detergents may facilitate contact sensitization because of a (too) high MI concentration, and mislabelling may make its avoidance extremely difficult. Safer use concentrations and correct labelling should be ensured by adequate quality control.
Monocyte nadir is a possible indicator for neutrophil nadir during lung cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Moriyama Yusuke , Horita Nobuyuki , Kudo Makoto , Shinkai Masaharu , Fujita Hiroyuki , Yamanaka Takeharu , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionNo previous study clearly demonstrated the association between the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) nadir and the absolute monocyte count (AMC) nadir among patients undergoing chemotherapy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with an incurable lung cancer in two university hospital who were treated with platinum doublet or triplet. In this study, the nadir was defined as the lowest value during days 1–22.ResultsWe observed 75 patients: 61 men (81%) and 14 women (19%), median age of 69 years. The number of days that elapsed between the first day of chemotherapy and the median ANC nadir of 12 days was longer than that for AMC nadir of 6 (Wilcoxon signed rank test: P < 0.001). The number of days that elapsed between the first day of chemotherapy and the AMC nadir was the only factor that had a significant correlation with that for ANC nadir (Spearman's rank correlation: r = 0.34, P = 0.003). Among 75 patients, 23 (31%) had an ANC at nadir <1000/μL. AMC at nadir of 100/μL predicted an ANC at nadir <1000/μL with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 56%.ConclusionBoth neutrophils and monocytes are differentiated from a common progenitor, a granulocyte macrophage colony forming cell, which can provide good explanation for the association between ANC and AMC nadirs. We would like to recommend physicians to observe the AMC nadir to predict the timing and severity of the ANC nadir.
Spatial scaling of temporal changes in avian communities
Authors: Jarzyna Marta A. , Zuckerberg Benjamin , Porter William F. , Finley Andrew O. , Maurer Brian A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimBiodiversity patterns and the mechanisms driving these patterns are inherently scale dependent. Studies investigating biodiversity scaling have focused mostly on evaluating community turnover without taking into consideration its underlying processes of local extinction (hereafter, extinction) and colonization. Our goal was to evaluate the spatial scaling of change in avian assemblages through time and identify environmental drivers of community‐wide dynamics across a range of spatial scales, with a focus on extinction and colonization.LocationNewYorkState.MethodsWe analysed community dissimilarity, temporal turnover, extinction and colonization as measures of temporal change in avian communities at five spatial resolutions (5 × 5, 10 × 10, 20 × 20, 40 × 40 and 80 km × 80 km). We evaluated the relationships between community change and change in climatic conditions, landscape fragmentation and elevation at each spatial grain usingBayesian spatially varying intercept models.ResultsWe found that the decline in colonization with increasing spatial scale was less steep than the decline in community dissimilarity, temporal turnover or extinction. We also found that the importance of environmental drivers to community change was dependent on both scale and metric, though we did not find optimal spatial scales at which either landscape or climatic processes consistently drove patterns of community change. Landscape characteristics were the most important correlate of extinction at all spatial scales, while colonization was not predicted well by any of the environmental factors.Main conclusionsThe slower decline in colonization across spatial grains is probably a consequence of the high mobility and dispersal abilities of birds. We further conclude that the two processes underlying community change – extinction and colonization – are driven by different factors. Landscape characteristics strongly affect the rates of extinctions in avian communities. On the contrary, patterns of colonization are likely to be a result of intrinsic characteristics of birds – specifically, high dispersal ability – that allow them to colonize new sites, regardless of the environmental context.
Shared decision making for psychiatric medication management: beyond the micro‐social
Authors: Morant Nicola , Kaminskiy Emma , Ramon Shulamit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundMental health care has lagged behind other health‐care domains in developing and applying shared decision making (SDM) for treatment decisions. This is despite compatibilities with ideals of modern mental health care such as self‐management and recovery‐oriented practice, and growing policy‐level interest. Psychiatric medication is a mainstay of mental health treatment, but there are known problems with prescribing practices, and service users report feeling uninvolved in medication decisions and concerned about adverse effects. SDM has potential to produce better tailoring of psychiatric medication to individuals' needs.ObjectivesThis conceptual review argues that several aspects of mental health care that differ from other health‐care contexts (e.g. forms of coercion, questions about service users' insight and disempowerment) may impact on processes and possibilities for SDM. It is therefore problematic to uncritically import models of SDM developed in other health‐care contexts. We argue that decision making for psychiatric medication is better understood in a broader way that moves beyond the micro‐social focus of a medical consultation. Contextualizing specific medication‐related consultations within longer term relationships, and broader service systems enables recognition of the multiple processes, actors and agendas that shape how psychiatric medication is prescribed, managed and used, and which may facilitate or impede SDM.ConclusionA broad conceptualization of decision making for psychiatric medication that moves beyond the micro‐social can account for why SDM in this domain remains a rarity. It has both conceptual and practical utility for evaluating research evidence, identifying future research priorities and highlighting fruitful ways of developing and implementing SDM in mental health care.
Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza B: results of the Global Influenza B Study
Authors: Caini Saverio , Huang Q. Sue , Ciblak Meral A. , Kusznierz Gabriela , Owen Rhonda , Wangchuk Sonam , Henriques Cláudio M. P. , Njouom Richard , Fasce Rodrigo A. , Yu Hongjie , Feng Luzhao , Zambon Maria , Clara Alexey W. , Kosasih Herman , Puzelli Simona , Kadjo Herve A. , Emukule Gideon , Heraud Jean‐Michel , Ang Li Wei , Venter Marietjie , Mironenko Alla , Brammer Lynnette , Mai Le Thi Quynh , Schellevis François , Plotkin Stanley , Paget John ,   the Global Influenza B Study
Published: August 2015

IntroductionLiterature on influenza focuses on influenza A, despite influenza B having a large public health impact. The Global Influenza B Study aims to collect information on global epidemiology and burden of disease of influenza B since 2000.MethodsTwenty‐six countries in the Southern (n = 5) and Northern (n = 7) hemispheres and intertropical belt (n = 14) provided virological and epidemiological data. We calculated the proportion of influenza cases due to type B and Victoria and Yamagata lineages in each country and season; tested the correlation between proportion of influenza B and maximum weekly influenza‐like illness (ILI) rate during the same season; determined the frequency of vaccine mismatches; and described the age distribution of cases by virus type.ResultsThe database included 935 673 influenza cases (2000–2013). Overall median proportion of influenza B was 22·6%, with no statistically significant differences across seasons. During seasons where influenza B was dominant or co‐circulated (>20% of total detections), Victoria and Yamagata lineages predominated during 64% and 36% of seasons, respectively, and a vaccine mismatch was observed in ≈25% of seasons. Proportion of influenza B was inversely correlated with maximum ILI rate in the same season in the Northern and (with borderline significance) Southern hemispheres. Patients infected with influenza B were usually younger (5–17 years) than patients infected with influenza A.ConclusionInfluenza B is a common disease with some epidemiological differences from influenza A. This should be considered when optimizing control/prevention strategies in different regions and reducing the global burden of disease due to influenza.