bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing HIV‐assisted partner services to partners of partners in western Kenya: an implementation science study
Authors: Sharma Monisha , Mambo Barbara Wanjiku , Kingston Hanley , Otieno George , Masyuko Sarah , Lagat Harison , Katz David A. , Wamuti Beatrice , Macharia Paul , Bosire Rose , Mugambi Mary , Kariithi Edward , Farquhar Carey 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAssisted partner services (APS), or exposure notification and HIV testing for sexual partners of persons diagnosed HIV positive (index clients), is recommended by the World Health Organization. Most APS literature focuses on outcomes among index clients and their partners. There is little data on the benefits of providing APS to partners of partners diagnosed with HIV.MethodsWe utilized data from a large‐scale APS implementation project across 31 facilities in western Kenya from 2018 to 2022. Females testing HIV positive at facilities were offered APS; those who consented provided contact information for all male sexual partners in the last 3 years. Male partners were notified of their potential HIV exposure and offered HIV testing services (HTS). Males newly testing positive were also offered APS and asked to provide contact information for their female partners in the last 3 years. Female partners of male partners (FPPs) were provided exposure notification and HTS. All participants with HIV were followed up at 12 months post‐enrolment to assess linkage‐to antiretroviral treatment (ART) and viral suppression. We compared HIV positivity, demographics and linkage outcomes among female index clients and FPPs.ResultsOverall, 5708 FPPs were elicited from male partners, of whom 4951 received HTS through APS (87% coverage); 291 FPPs newly tested HIV positive (6% yield), an additional 1743 (35.2%) reported a prior HIV diagnosis, of whom 99% were on ART at baseline. At 12 months follow‐up, most FPPs were taking ART (92%) with very few adverse events: <1% reported intimate partner violence or reported relationship dissolution. FPPs were more likely than female index clients to report HIV risk behaviours including no condom use at last sex (45% vs. 30%) and multiple partners (38% vs. 19%).ConclusionsProviding HIV testing via APS to FPP is a safe and effective strategy to identify newly diagnosed females and achieve high linkage and retention to ART and can be an efficient means of identifying HIV cases in the era of declining HIV incidence. The high proportion of FPPs reporting HIV risk behaviours suggests APS may help interrupt community HIV transmission via increased knowledge of HIV status and linkage to treatment.
Recent and near‐term future changes in impacts‐relevant seasonal hydroclimate in the world's Mediterranean climate regions
Authors: Seager Richard , Wu Yutian , Cherchi Annalisa , Simpson Isla R. , Osborn Timothy J. , Kushnir Yochanan , Lukovic Jelena , Liu Haibo , Nakamura Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChange over recent decades in the world's five Mediterranean Climate Regions (MCRs) of quantities of relevance to water resources, ecosystems and fire are examined for all seasons and placed in the context of changes in large‐scale circulation. Near‐term future projections are also presented. It is concluded that, based upon agreement between observational data sets and modelling frameworks, there is strong evidence of radiatively‐driven drying of the Chilean MCR in all seasons and southwest Australia in winter. Observed drying trends in California in fall, southwest southern Africa in fall, the Pacific Northwest in summer and the Mediterranean in summer agree with radiatively‐forced models but are not reproduced in a model that also includes historical sea surface temperature (SST) forcing, raising doubt about the human‐origin of these trends. Observed drying in the Mediterranean in winter is stronger than can be accounted for by radiative forcing alone and is also outside the range of the SST‐forced ensemble. It is shown that near surface vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is increasing almost everywhere but that, surprisingly, this is contributed to in the Southern Hemisphere subtropics to mid‐latitudes by a decline in low‐level specific humidity. The Southern Hemisphere drying, in terms of precipitation and specific humidity, is related to a poleward shift and strengthening of the westerlies with eddy‐driven subsidence on the equatorward side. Model projections indicate continued drying of Southern Hemisphere MCRs in winter and spring, despite ozone recovery and year‐round drying in the Mediterranean. Projections for the North American MCR are uncertain, with a large contribution from internal variability, with the exception of drying in the Pacific Northwest in summer. Overall the results indicate continued aridification of MCRs other than in North America with important implications for water resources, agriculture and ecosystems.
Beyond transcription, aryl hydrocarbon receptor plays a protective role in periodontitis by interacting with CaMKII
Authors: Zeng Xuwen , Feng Meiting , Lu Jiawei , Wang Ruiling , Deng Li , Yang Yanan , Luo Lijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has been studied as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that can identify bacterial pigments. To identify a potential therapeutic target for periodontitis, we investigated the expression of AhR in periodontitis and its role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.MethodsFirst, we analyzed AhR expression in a single‐cell dataset from human periodontal tissue. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to verify the AhR level. Later, we determined the phenotypes of ligature‐induced periodontitis in myeloid‐specific AhR‐deficient mice (Lyz2‐Cre+/− AhRfx/fx), after which RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the impacts of AhR on periodontitis and its mechanism. Finally, we determined the therapeutic effect of AhR agonist 6‐Formylindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (FICZ) administration on murine periodontitis and verified the effects of FICZ on macrophage polarization in vitro.ResultsAhR expression was enhanced in macrophages from periodontitis patients. Deletion of AhR from macrophages aggravated ligature‐induced periodontitis and promoted the inflammatory response. Calcium/calmodulin‐stimulated protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation was accelerated in AhR‐deficient macrophages. Inhibiting CaMKII phosphorylation ameliorated periodontitis in Lyz2‐Cre+/− AhRfx/fx mice. FICZ treatment blocked alveolar bone loss and relieved periodontal inflammation. FICZ diminished M1 macrophage polarization and promoted M2 macrophage polarization upon M1 macrophage induction.ConclusionAhR played a protective role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by orchestrating macrophage polarization via interacting with the CaMKII signaling pathway.
Magnitude and driving factors of boron depletion in agricultural soils
Authors: Eyherabide Mercedes , Wyngaard Nicolás , Larrea Gastón , Angelini Hernán , Martínez Cuesta Nicolás , Barbieri Pablo , Reussi Calvo Nahuel Ignacio , Sainz Rozas Hernán Rene 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeither the magnitude of boron (B) depletion in agricultural soils nor the driving factors of this process have been systematically studied before.AimsThe objectives of our study were to survey the extractable B (Be) in pristine soils as compared with cultivated soils, to estimate the yearly B depletion rate in agroecosystems, and to identify the edaphic, productive, and/or climatic factors determining that rate.MethodsSurface soil samples (0–20 cm layer) were taken from uncropped (UC) sites and nearby agricultural fields in 2011 and 2018 (AGR2011 and AGR2018, respectively) from the Argentinean Pampas. In these samples, Be and other edaphoclimatic and productive variables were determined, such as clay content, precipitation (PP), pH, evapotranspiration (ET), soil organic matter (SOM), and B removal with crop grains (RB).ResultsThe Be concentration decreased with agricultural activity, because UC soils had an average Be value of 1.9 mg kg−1, whereas AGR2011 and AGR2018 soils had values of 1.3 and 0.9 mg kg−1, respectively. The depletion rate from 2018 to 2011 ranged from 0.01 to 0.06 mg kg−1 y−1, and the main factors associated with this process were RB, PP, soil acidification, and SOM depletion (promoting B depletion) and ET and clay (reducing depletion).ConclusionAt current rates, B depletion from these agricultural soils could compromise B availability for crops in the short‐to‐medium term, depending on regional differences caused by edaphoclimatic and productive differences (RB, PP, pH, SOM, ET, and clay). Urgent actions are required to halt and/or revert this soil degradation process.
Preoperative Acetaminophen For Microsuspension Laryngoscopy Reduces Postoperative Opioid Use
Authors: Lagos‐Villaseca Antonia , Lappin James J. , Perrin Claire E. , Ma Yue , Young VyVy N. , Pasvankas George W. , Stockton Steven D. , Rosen Clark A. , Laohakittikul Chanticha 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe opioid crisis has prompted consideration of analgesic prescriptions. This study explored the value of preoperative acetaminophen for pain control following microsuspension laryngoscopy (MSL) and compared the results with a previous study of pain and opioid use following MSL (Tsang et al.).MethodsA prospective open‐label clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing MSL. All patients were administered preoperative acetaminophen. Short‐form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and present pain intensity (PPI) scores were collected preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 7, and 14. Statistical analysis identified variables associated with opioid use or increased pain scores, and compared outcomes with Tsang et al.ResultsEighty‐nine patients were included (mean age 52.8 ± 17.3 years, 40 males). All patients received preoperative 1 g acetaminophen (77 (86.5%) orally) with no adverse effects. On POD1, opioid usage was 10%. Median [IQR] pain scores were 5 [2–11], 21 [12.3–56.8], and 3 [2–3.3] on SF‐MPQ, VAS, and PPI, respectively. Post‐Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) opioid requirements significantly correlated with POD1 opioid consumption (τb = 0.214; p ≤ 0.05), and significant associations with PACU opioid administration were found for total anesthesia time (OR (95%CI) = 1.271 (1.043–1.548), p = 0.017) and total laryngoscope suspension time (OR (95%CI) = 0.791 (0.651–0.962, p = 0.019)). This cohort demonstrated reduced opioid usage on POD1 compared with Tsang et al (23%).ConclusionsPreoperative acetaminophen is a safe intervention, resulting in decreased postoperative opioid use following MSL. Anesthesia time correlated with need for postoperative opioids.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4625–4635, 2024
A simple, safe method for preserving dissolved methane in freshwater samples using benzalkonium chloride
Authors: Osaka Ken'ichi , Nagata Reina , Inoue Moegi , Itoh Masayuki , Hosoi‐Tanabe Shoko , Iwata Hiroki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMethane (CH4) dissolved in water is readily consumed by CH4‐oxidizing bacteria, so the possibility of the dissolved CH4 concentration (dCH4) in sampled water changing before analysis is a concern. To determine the accurate in situ dCH4 level, mercury chloride (HgCl2) or sodium azide (NaN3) is traditionally used for sample preservation. However, these preservatives are very toxic and great care must be taken when adding them to samples. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactant, is a readily available disinfectant that is less harmful to the human body than HgCl2, NaN3, and other preservatives. In this study, we investigated the usefulness of BAC in preserving dCH4 in swamp water, which is a critical terrestrial source of CH4. The dCH4 in samples without BAC decreased immediately after sample collection, whereas the dCH4 in the samples with added BAC did not change significantly for at least 15 d. In addition, when BAC was added to 18 water samples with different water chemistries, the dCH4 did not change significantly from immediately after sampling to 1 week after sampling (average difference: 3%). Thus, in the water samples used in this study, BAC effectively preserved dCH4 in the samples for at least 1 week. Further testing of the effect of BAC on the preservation of dCH4 in different types of water samples worldwide will help to establish a more complete, simple, and safe method.
Tapered hollow‐core fiber sensor for monitoring axial strain, magnetic field, and refractive index
Authors: Gao Jiawei , Jiang Chao , Deng Longfeng , Li Li , Hu Chuanju , Sun Simei , Li Hong , Jiang Guozhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA high sensitivity sensor is proposed to measure axial strain, magnetic field, and refractive index. Hollow‐core fiber (HCF) and single mode fiber (SMF) are fused together to form the “SMF–HCF–SMF,” then tapering HCF, and finally forming a sensor. The light in the sensor structure forms an antiresonant reflection optical waveguide mechanism. The sensor has particularly thin waist circumference, therefore the surface evanescent field of the sensor is easily affected by environmental parameters, making it particularly sensitive to environmental parameters. The axial strain sensitivity obtained by the sensor is as high as −31.87 pm/µε. The magnetic field sensitivity obtained by combining the sensor with magnetostrictive material Terfenol‐D in the range of 10–40 mT is 123.9 pm/mT. The sensor measures the refractive index of NaCl solution with a sensitivity of up to 2109.308 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit). Additionally, the sensor has good stability and repeatability when measuring three physical quantities. The sensor has a compact structure, stable performance, simple manufacturing, and can measure multiple parameters in biochemical engineering, industrial structural health detection, and marine resource detection.
Web-based application to guide sampling on salmon farms for more precise estimation of sea louse abundance
Authors: Jeong Jaewoon , Revie Crawford W. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Efficiently managing sea lice on salmon farms through active surveillance, crucial for lice abundance estimation, is challenging due to the need for effective sampling schemes. To address this, we developed an application that considers infestation levels, farm structure, and management protocols, enhancing the precision of sampling strategies for sea louse abundance estimation.

Methods
Simulation-based methods are valuable for estimating suitable sample sizes in complex studies where standard formulae are inadequate. We introduce FishSampling, an open Web-based application tailored to determine precise sample sizes for specific scenarios and objectives.

Result
The model incorporates factors such as sea lice abundance, farm pen numbers, potential clustering effects among these pens, and the desired confidence level. Simulation outcomes within this application provide practical advice on how to decide on the number of fish and pens to sample, under varying levels of assumed clustering.

Conclusion
This approach can be used across the salmon aquaculture sector to improve sampling strategies for sea lice abundance estimation and balance surveillance costs against health objectives.
The effects of light, rearing density, and fish size in culturing juvenile Lumpfish
Authors: Perry Shelby A. , Fairchild Elizabeth A. , Jellison Brittany M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
There is an impetus for increasing Lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus hatchery production and rearing efficiency due to the high demand for their usefulness as cleaner fish in salmonid ocean farming. One production bottleneck is the loss of juvenile fish due to aggressive behaviors, including cannibalism. Understanding which factors exacerbate Lumpfish aggression and providing mitigation guidelines to aquaculturists are warranted.

Methods
Two experiments were conducted for an 8-week period in 2022 in 3-L aquaria with different juvenile size-classes (4 and 11 g) subjected to three rearing densities (40, 65, and 90 g/L) under different photoperiod regimes (12 h light : 12 h dark [113 lx]; 24 h light : 0 h dark [21 lx]; and 24 h light : 0 h dark [302 lx]), resulting in nine experimental treatments. Survival, growth, and aggression (occurrence and severity of caudal fin nipping) were evaluated.

Result
For 4-g Lumpfish, light and density significantly affected growth (weight gain and specific growth rate), while an interaction between light and density significantly affected the occurrence of caudal fin nipping but not the degree of fin nipping or survival. None of the tested variables significantly affected 11-g fish. Generally, a trend toward increased caudal fin nipping occurred in smaller fish (~45% occurrence in 4-g fish vs. ~20% in 11-g fish), indicating that cannibalism may be even greater when Lumpfish are smaller than 4 g but abates as the fish grow.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that manipulation of lighting at rearing densities of up to 90 g/L can be used to control growth rates in small Lumpfish, often without resulting in increased fish aggression. For small (~4-g) Lumpfish, constant low light intensity in combination with a low (40-g/L) rearing density is recommended for reducing growth and caudal fin nipping. However, as Lumpfish grow, these variables are less effective at manipulating fish growth.
Guideline for treating relapsed or refractory myeloid leukemia in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Miladinovic Milica , Reinhardt Dirk , Hasle Henrik , Goemans Bianca F. , Tomizawa Daisuke , Hitzler Johann , Klusmann Jan‐Henning 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTreatment of relapsed and refractory myeloid leukemia in Down syndrome (r/r ML‐DS) poses significant challenges, as prognosis is dire and there is no established standard treatment. This guideline provides treatment recommendations based on a literature review and collection of expert opinions, aiming to improve overall and event‐free survival of patients. Treatment options include fludarabine and cytarabine (FLA) ± gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO), azacytidine (AZA) ± panobinostat, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Preferred approaches are AZA ± panobinostat for cases with low blast count or FLA ± GO for cases with high blast count, followed by HSCT after remission. Further research is crucial for the investigation of targeted therapies (e.g., BH3 mimetics, LSD1, JAK inhibitors).
Enhancing team communication to improve implementation of a supervised walking program for hospitalized veterans: Evidence from a multi‐site trial in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Drake Connor , Wang Virginia , Stechuchak Karen M. , Sperber Nina , Bruening Rebecca , Coffman Cynthia J. , Choate Ashley , Van Houtven Courtney Harold , Allen Kelli D. , Colon‐Emeric Cathleen , Jackson George L. , Tucker Matthew , Meyer Cassie , Kappler Caitlin B. , Hastings Susan N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe timely translation of evidence‐based programs into real‐world clinical settings is a persistent challenge due to complexities related to organizational context and team function, particularly in inpatient settings. Strategies are needed to promote quality improvement efforts and implementation of new clinical programs.ObjectiveThis study examines the role of CONNECT, a complexity science‐based implementation intervention to promote team readiness, for enhancing implementation of the ‘Assisted Early Mobility for Hospitalized Older Veterans’ program (STRIDE), an inpatient, supervised walking program.DesignWe conducted a stepped‐wedge cluster randomized trial using a convergent mixed‐methods design. Within each randomly assigned stepped‐wedge sequence, Veterans Affairs Medical Centers (VAMCs) were randomized to receive standardized implementation support only or additional training via the CONNECT intervention. Data for the study were obtained from hospital administrative and electronic health records, surveys, and semi‐structured interviews with clinicians before and after implementation of STRIDE.SettingEight U.S. VAMCs.ParticipantsThree hundred fifty‐three survey participants before STRIDE implementation and 294 surveys after STRIDE implementation. Ninety‐two interview participants.InterventionCONNECT, a complexity‐science–based intervention to improve team function.Main Outcome MeasuresThe implementation outcomes included STRIDE reach and fidelity. Secondary outcomes included validated measures of team function (i.e., team communication, coordination, role clarity).ResultsAt four VAMCs randomized to CONNECT, reach was higher (mean 12.4% vs. 3.8%), and fidelity was similar to four non‐CONNECT VAMCs. VAMC STRIDE delivery teams receiving CONNECT reported improvements in team function domains, similar to non‐CONNECT VAMCs. Qualitative findings highlight CONNECT's impact and the influence of team characteristics and contextual factors, including team cohesion, leadership support, and role clarity, on reach and fidelity.ConclusionCONNECT may promote greater reach of STRIDE, but improvement in team function among CONNECT VAMCs was similar to improvement among non‐CONNECT VAMCs. Qualitative findings suggest that CONNECT may improve team function and implementation outcomes but may not be sufficient to overcome structural barriers related to implementation capacity.
Curcumin and nano‐curcumin applications in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Mohammadzadeh R. , Fathi M. , Pourseif M. M. , Omidi Y. , Farhang S. , Barzegar Jalali M. , Valizadeh H. , Nakhlband A. , Adibkia K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPsychiatric disorders cause long‐lasting disabilities across different age groups. While various medications are available for mental disorders, some patients do not fully benefit from them or experience treatment resistance. The pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders involves multiple mechanisms, including an increase in the inflammatory response. Targeting inflammatory mechanisms has shown promise as a therapeutic approach for these disorders. Curcumin, known for its anti‐inflammatory properties and potential neuroprotective effects, has been the subject of studies investigating its potential as a treatment option for psychiatric disorders. This review comprehensively examines the potential therapeutic role of curcumin and its nanoformulations in psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. There is lack of robust clinical trials across all the studied psychiatric disorders, particularly bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. More studies have focused on MDD. Studies on depression indicate that curcumin may be effective as an antidepressant agent, either alone or as an adjunct therapy. However, inconsistencies exist among study findings, highlighting the need for further research with improved blinding, optimized dosages, and treatment durations. Limited evidence supports the use of curcumin for bipolar disorder, making its therapeutic application challenging. Well‐designed clinical trials are warranted to explore its potential therapeutic benefits. Exploring various formulations and delivery strategies, such as utilizing liposomes and nanoparticles, presents intriguing avenues for future research. More extensive clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of curcumin as a standalone or adjunctive treatment for psychiatric disorders, focusing on optimal dosages, formulations, and treatment durations.