bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of cancer risk associated with 7‐nitroso‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro[1,2,4] triazolo‐[4,3‐a]pyrazine‐contaminated sitagliptin use: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sugiyama Takehiro , Furuno Takashi , Ichinose Yuichi , Iwagami Masao , Ihana‐Sugiyama Noriko , Imai Kenjiro , Kakuwa Tamaki , Rikitake Ryoko , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Higashi Takahiro , Iso Hiroyasu , Ueki Kohjiro 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionA recent US Food and Drug Administration report highlighted concerns over nitrosamine (7‐nitroso‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro[1,2,4] triazolo‐[4,3‐a]pyrazine [NTTP]) impurities in sitagliptin, prompting investigations into its safety profile. The present study aimed to determine if the use of NTTP‐contaminated sitagliptin, in comparison with other dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors, is associated with an increased cancer risk.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study secondarily used the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan, encompassing data on >120 million individuals. The study involved patients who initiated DPP‐4 inhibitor therapy (sitagliptin or other DPP‐4 inhibitors) and continued its exclusive use for 3 years. Sitagliptin users were compared with other DPP‐4 inhibitor users for assessing the occurrence of cancers, as defined by diagnosis codes. Further analyses focused on specific types of cancer, using either diagnosis codes or a combination of diagnosis and procedure codes. We also carried out various sensitivity analyses, including those with different exposure periods.ResultsSitagliptin users (149,120 patients, 388,356 person‐years) experienced 9,643 cancer incidences (2,483.0/100,000 person‐years) versus 12,621 incidences (2,504.4/100,000 person‐years) among other DPP‐4 inhibitor users (199,860 patients, 503,952 person‐years), yielding a minimal difference (incidence rate ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.97–1.02). A multiple Cox proportional hazards model showed no significant association between sitagliptin use and overall cancer incidence (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.04). Findings were also consistent across cancer types and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsWe observed no evidence to suggest an increased cancer risk among patients prescribed NTTP‐contaminated sitagliptin, although continued investigation is needed.
Prevalence of adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Boonpattharatthiti Kansak , Songkla Pirune Na , Chantara Junpen , Koomsri Chanchanok , Krass Ines , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Dhippayom Teerapon 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe treatment of type 2 diabetes requires multidimensional management, with medication adherence a crucial aspect of diabetes control. However, recent rigorous estimates of adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) are lacking. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of adherence to OAD in type 2 diabetes patients.MethodsA systematic search was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL from July 2013 to April 2023. Cross‐sectional studies published in English were included if they met the following criteria: (1) reported the adherence to OAD using a validated measure; and (2) had a sample size of at least 385 patients with type 2 diabetes. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal for studies reporting prevalence data was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Pooled estimates of the prevalence of adherence to OAD were calculated as a percentage together with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using a random‐effect model. All analyses were conducted using STATA 17.0; PROSPERO (CRD42023414264).ResultsTwenty‐six studies involving a total of 69,366 patients met the selection criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The overall estimated prevalence of adherence to OAD was 55.53% (95%CI: 44.22%–66.85%). Among the included studies, nine were deemed to be of high quality. A sensitivity analysis conducted using only the high‐quality studies revealed a prevalence of adherence to OAD at 52.24% (95% CI: 39.63%–64.85%).ConclusionsThe overall prevalence of adherence to OAD was remarkably low among type 2 diabetes patients worldwide. Healthcare practitioners and policy makers should employ appropriate approaches to improve adherence to OAD.
Efficacy of organic acids, lactic and formic acid, and peracetic acid in decontaminating process water and carcasses in chicken slaughter
Authors: Carstens Gesa , Roesler Uwe , Reich Felix , Friese Anika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFoodborne pathogens pose a persistent threat in broiler chicken production, particularly during the slaughter process, where contamination with zoonotic pathogens remains a concern. This study focuses on the potential of organic acids, such as formic and lactic acid, and the oxidizing agent peracetic acid, to decontaminate scalding water and enhance the hygiene of chicken carcasses. We conducted suspension tests introducing various organic loads to mirror the conditions of practical scalding water. Additionally, the surface tests were performed on chicken skin. Both methods were further tested in an experimental slaughtering facility. In suspension tests, the organic acids achieved impressive decontamination, with a 5‐log10 reduction of the test organisms Enterococcus hirae, Salmonella Typhimurium and Campylobacter jejuni at minimal concentrations (between 0.04% and 2% for formic acid; between 0.1% and 4.5% for lactic acid). Peracetic acid also effectively sanitized model water and chicken skin, even when used in low concentrations (between 0.001% and 0.1%), both in the laboratory‐based testing and in the experimental slaughtering facility. These results suggest that the tested disinfectants can effectively sanitize process water, even under conditions mimicking practical scalding water with organic matter. Peracetic acid, in particular, proved highly effective in improving chicken skin hygiene even at low concentrations.
Atlas‐guided brain projection tracts: From regions of interest to tractography 3D rendering
Authors: Dauleac Corentin , Mertens Patrick , Frindel Carole , Jacquesson Timothée , Cotton François 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe use of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has seen significant development over the last two decades, in particular with the development of the tractography of association tracts for preoperative planning of surgery. However, projection tracts are difficult to differentiate from one another and tractography studies have failed to reconstruct these ascending/descending pathways from/to the spinal cord. The present study proposes an atlas of regions of interest (ROIs) designed specifically for projection tracts tractography. Forty‐nine healthy subjects were included in this prospective study. Brain DTI was acquired using the same 3 T MRI scanner, with 32 diffusion directions. Distortions were corrected using the FSL software package. ROIs were drawn using the anterior commissure (AC)–posterior commissure (PC) line on the following landmarks: the pyramid for the corticospinal tract, the medio‐caudal part of the red nucleus for the rubrospinal tract, the pontine reticular nucleus for corticoreticular tract, the superior and inferior cerebellar peduncles for, respectively, the anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tract, the gracilis and cuneatus nucleus for the dorsal columns, and the ventro‐posterolateral nucleus for the spinothalamic tract. Fiber tracking was performed using a deterministic algorithm using DSI Studio software. ROI coordinates, according to AC–PC line, were given for each tract. Tractography was obtained for each tract, allowing tridimensional rendering and comparison of tracking metrics between tracts. The present study reports the accurate design of specific ROIs for tractography of each projection tract. This could be a useful tool in order to differentiate projection tracts at the spinal cord level.
Short‐term hyposalinity stress increases dissolved organic carbon (DOC) release by the macroalga Sargassum fallax (Ochrophyta)
Authors: Bennett Eloise , Paine Ellie R. , Hovenden Mark , Smith Gregory , Fitzgibbon Quinn , Hurd Catriona L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) released by macroalgae supports coastal ocean carbon cycling and contributes to the total oceanic DOC pool. Salinity fluctuates substantially in coastal marine environments due to natural and anthropogenic factors, yet there is limited research on how salinity affects DOC release by ecologically important macroalgae. Here we determined the effect of short‐term salinity changes on rates of DOC release by the habitat‐forming fucalean seaweed Sargassum fallax (Ochrophyta). Lateral branches (~4 g) cut at the axes of mature individuals were incubated across a salinity gradient (4–46) for 24 h under a 12:12 light:dark cycle, and seawater was sampled for DOC at 0, 12, and 24 h. Physiological assays (tissue water content, net photosynthesis, respiration, tissue carbon, and nitrogen content) were undertaken at the end of the 24‐h experiment. Dissolved organic carbon release increased with decreasing salinity while net photosynthesis decreased. Dissolved organic carbon release rates at the lowest salinity tested (4) were ~3.3 times greater in the light than in the dark, indicating two potential DOC release mechanisms: light‐mediated active exudation and passive release linked to osmotic stress. Tissue water content decreased with increasing salinity. These results demonstrate that hyposalinity stress alters the osmotic status of S. fallax, reducing photosynthesis and increasing DOC release. This has important implications for understanding how salinity conditions encountered by macroalgae may affect their contribution to the coastal ocean carbon cycle.
Epidemiology and Outcomes of Hepatitis E Virus‐Associated Hospitalisations in the United States With a Focus on Pregnancy: A Nationwide Population Study, 1998–2020
Authors: Wasuwanich Paul , Wen Tony S. , Egerman Robert S. , Karnsakul Wikrom 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTHepatitis E virus (HEV) is typically asymptomatic in developed countries but can be more severe in certain populations. We aim to describe the epidemiology of HEV‐associated hospitalisations from 1998 to 2020 in the United States, investigate risk factors for inpatient mortality and describe outcomes in pregnant women. We utilised the National Inpatient Sample and extracted cases of HEV‐associated hospitalisations using ICD‐9/10 diagnostic codes. Demographic, clinical and pregnancy data were extracted and analysed by chi‐square and logistic regression. We identified 3354 cases of HEV‐associated hospitalisations; 1689 (50.4%) were female and 1425 (42.5%) were non‐Hispanic White. The median age was 50 (IQR: 37–59) years. Hospitalisation rates for HEV ranged from 2.5 per 10,000,000 in 2008 to a peak of 9.6 per 10,000,000 people in the general U.S. population in 2004. The mortality rate was 5.2%. Age ≥ 40 years (OR: 7.73; 95% CI: 1.57–38.09; p = 0.012), HIV infection (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.26–16.97; p = 0.021), and coagulopathy (OR: 7.22; 95% CI: 2.81–18.57; p < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of mortality within the HEV cohort. There were 226 pregnant women with HEV. Rates of maternal death, stillbirth and preterm birth were similar between HEV and non‐HEV pregnant cohorts. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C co‐infection were significantly more common in the HEV pregnant cohort (p < 0.05). HEV‐associated hospitalisations are uncommon in the United States, but likely underdiagnosed. Certain risk factors can be used to predict prognosis of these hospitalised patients. Pregnant women with HEV appear to have favourable maternal and fetal outcomes despite hepatitis B and C co‐infection.
Spatiotemporal plasticity of prey selection in the wolf
Authors: Belardi I. , Borkowski J. , Lazzeri L. , Banul R. , Pacini G. , Poerling A. , Ferretti F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnder an optimal foraging scenario, prey selection would be expected to occur when food resources are abundant. A positive frequency‐dependent prey selection would elicit prey switching when the abundance of main food resources decreases, potentially favouring community resilience to the effects of intensive, selective predation on a single prey. We assessed whether a positive frequency‐dependent prey selection by the wolf Canis lupus occurred in two areas hosting abundant populations of wild ungulates, one in northern (Słowiński National Park, Poland) and the other one in southern (Maremma Regional Park, Italy) Europe, throughout a cold semester. In Słowiński, ungulate community was dominated by red deer Cervus elaphus (57% availability) over wild boar Sus scrofa (35%) and roe deer Capreolus capreolus (8%); wild boar and fallow deer Dama dama (43–37%) were more abundant than roe deer (20%) in Maremma. In both areas, wolf diet was dominated by wild ungulates, with a major use of red deer in Słowiński and wild boar in Maremma. Prey selection occurred in both areas, and it was addressed towards the most abundant prey in Słowiński, that is, the red deer, but only towards the wild boar in Maremma, where the fallow deer was used according to availability. In Slowinski, high red deer density may have driven wolf prey selection, while the shifting of activity rhythms of the fallow deer in the Maremma as antipredator response to wolf presence may have reduced predation. Despite its comparable densities between the two areas, the wild boar was selected in Maremma and under‐used in Słowiński. Results provide partial support to positive frequency‐dependent selection, emphasising the spatiotemporal plasticity of wolf–prey relationships. The relative role of prey density and other factors (e.g., antipredator behavioural responses) should be assessed at longer temporal scales.
Analyzing prejudice against immigrants in sending countries: The Brazilian case
Authors: Guimarães Feliciano de Sá , Fernandes Ivan Filipe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrejudice against immigrants has been widely studied in the literature, but analyzing immigrant‐receiving countries is not the same as analyzing sending countries, where the number of immigrants is very low. To address this gap, we examine the case of Brazil, a country that has witnessed numerous anecdotal episodes of prejudice against immigrants despite having a very low flow of migrants and therefore minimal material effects on the local population. Our study focuses on the levels of discrimination against immigrants in Brazil, with a specific analysis of four groups—Haitians, Germans, Venezuelans, and internal migrants known as nordestinos. We consider three policy‐related scenarios—housing, health care, and job training. To mitigate social desirability bias, we employ a combination of list and endorsement survey experiments in a face‐to‐face national sample of 1850 respondents conducted in January 2019. The results reveal a widespread negative perception of all groups of foreigners across all scenarios except the local group of migrants. The findings suggest that the Brazilian public's discrimination against foreigners is linked to a pervasive misperception of the social and economic threat immigrants allegedly pose to the nation.
Molecular mechanisms of enteric neuropathies in high‐fat diet feeding and diabetes
Authors: Cingolani Francesca , Balasubramaniam Arun , Srinivasan Shanthi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundObesity and diabetes are associated with altered gastrointestinal function and with the development of abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation among other symptoms. The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates gastrointestinal motility. Enteric neuropathies defined as damage or loss of enteric neurons can lead to motility disorders.PurposeHere, we review the molecular mechanisms that drive enteric neurodegeneration in diabetes and obesity, including signaling pathways leading to neuronal cell death, oxidative stress, and microbiota alteration. We also highlight potential approaches to treat enteric neuropathies including antioxidant therapy to prevent oxidative stress‐induced damage and the use of stem cells.
Tribulus (Zygophyllaceae) as a case study for the evolution of C2 and C4 photosynthesis
Authors: Leung Arthur , Patel Ria , Chirachon Varosak , Stata Matt , Macfarlane Terry D. , Ludwig Martha , Busch Florian A. , Sage Tammy L. , Sage Rowan F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractC2 photosynthesis is a photosynthetic pathway in which photorespiratory CO2 release and refixation are enhanced in leaf bundle sheath (BS) tissues. The evolution of C2 photosynthesis has been hypothesized to be a major step in the origin of C4 photosynthesis, highlighting the importance of studying C2 evolution. In this study, physiological, anatomical, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical properties of leaf photosynthetic tissues were investigated in six non‐C4 Tribulus species and four C4 Tribulus species. At 42°C, T. cristatus exhibited a photosynthetic CO2 compensation point in the absence of respiration (C*) of 21 µmol mol−1, below the C3 mean C* of 73 µmol mol−1. Tribulus astrocarpus had a C* value at 42°C of 55 µmol mol−1, intermediate between the C3 species and the C2 T. cristatus. Glycine decarboxylase (GDC) allocation to BS tissues was associated with lower C*. Tribulus cristatus and T. astrocarpus allocated 86% and 30% of their GDC to the BS tissues, respectively, well above the C3 mean of 11%. Tribulus astrocarpus thus exhibits a weaker C2 (termed sub‐C2) phenotype. Increased allocation of mitochondria to the BS and decreased length‐to‐width ratios of BS cells, were present in non‐C4 species, indicating a potential role in C2 and C4 evolution.
Bien Dong Pipeline Field Observation After Span Rectification by Burial
Authors: Teh Thiam Chuan , Zhang Zhishen , Le Duong D. , Nguyen Tam T. , Ly Dao V. , Nguyen Nghiem T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bien Dong Petroleum Operating Company (BDPOC) corrected spans for a 20-inch 44km-long pipeline in 2014, 2015 and 2016 by placing grout bags under spans that were too long and could be at risk of excessive fatigue damage. Despite three successful correction campaigns, a 2017 survey revealed more spans needing rectification. This posed ongoing challenges for grout bag corrections throughout the pipeline’s lifespan. To reduce future annual span correction costs, BDPOC decided to lower and bury the pipeline in 2018. This was considered a cost-effective long-term solution to avoid ongoing span corrections. However, the recent surveys from 2019 to 2023 revealed that this was not always the case. Many pipeline sections had become exposed, and in some places, free spans had developed, exceeding the allowable span lengths. This paper explores span reappearance after pipeline lowering and burial. It analyzes free span characteristics along Bien Dong 20-inch pipeline over the years, including new span formation, the disappearance of existing spans, and changes in span length. It also compares the span characteristics measured from 2013 to 2017 prior to the pipeline burial event. The paper proposes a span evolution mode map and path. It also validates the hypothesis of span correcting itself naturally on the mobile and sandy seabed.
Sustainability Assessment of Offshore Aquaculture System With Self-Sufficient Energy and Feed
Authors: Peng Yixing , Tabeta Shigeru , Duan Fengjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aquaculture is attracting considerable attention due to market growth and potential environmental benefits but traditional coastal aquaculture systems create pollution and threaten marine ecosystems. Hence, there’s a need for more environmentally-friendly aquaculture approaches. Also, the prices of fish feed are rising, impacting the cost of conventional aquaculture systems as well as energy price fluctuation. The multi-purpose platform integrating marine renewable energy production, fish aquaculture, microalgae cultivation, and processing facilities has been designed to be economically viable in subtropical regions. The platform ensures year-round electricity supply by using ocean thermal energy conversion technology and producing hydrogen during surplus electricity periods. The Inclusive Impact Index (Triple-I) is employed to evaluate the sustainability of the multi-purpose platform in comparison to conventional aquaculture. The results reveal that while conventional aquaculture may be more profitable, the Triple-I evaluation indicates its unsustainability. In contrast, the multi-purpose platform offers a substantial environmental advantage, despite its higher initial investment cost.
Response of Perforated Tubular Members Repaired With CFRP to Bending Moment
Authors: Hernández Irving D. , Vaz Murilo A. , Cyrino Julio C. R. , Torres Victor D. , Martinez Jorge L. , Perrut Valber A. , De Paula Gustavo G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In corrosive environments, like the ocean, offshore steel tubular structures operate for long periods without proper protection. Therefore, they are susceptible to perforation damage as consequence of concentrated corrosion, which compromises their structural integrity and increases the risk of progressive collapse. As an alternative to traditional hot-works, composite laminates are being considered for strengthening perforated steel tubular members. However, there is a lack of research on the structural capacity recovered for composite laminate repair for given damage dimensions and geometrical characteristics of tubular members subjected to bending loads. Studying the repair performance on structures subjected to bending loads is relevant because tubular members in offshore units constantly experience combinations of loads. Depending on the structure’s slenderness and damage extension, the bending moment may represent the dimensioning load for repair sizing. This study proposes to experimentally repair and test, under bending load, 1:3 scale samples of flare-boom offshore tubular structures with perforation damage using carbon fiber composite laminates. The responses from experiments and numerical models are compared to investigate strengthening performance and define a suitable patch size through a simplified parametric expression. The results indicate that simulated samples, whose repair was sized by the proposed expression, recovered the bending moment capacity, suggesting the feasibility of the repair and dimensioning procedure.