bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steady-state pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine under different meal conditions in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults
Authors: Lamorde Mohammed , Walimbwa Stephen , Byakika-Kibwika Pauline , Katwere Michael , Mukisa Lillian , Sempa Joseph B. , Else Laura , Back David J. , Khoo Saye H. , Merry Concepta 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effect of food on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine when administered as a fixed-dose combination tablet containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, emtricitabine plus rilpivirine (TDF/FTC/RPV) in HIV-1-infected Ugandan patients.

Methods
This was an open-label, three-period, longitudinal pharmacokinetic study with patients serving as their own controls. Fifteen consenting and virologically suppressed HIV-1-infected adults were switched from an efavirenz-based regimen to TDF/FTC/RPV for 56 days. Enrolled patients underwent 24 h blood sampling with TDF/FTC/RPV dosing in the fasted state (day 42), with a low-fat meal (11 g of fat/353 kcal, day 49) and with a moderate-fat meal (19 g of fat/589 kcal, day 56; reference). A viral load assessment was performed on day 56.

Results
Rilpivirine AUC0–24 was significantly decreased by 16% (geometric mean ratio, 90% CI: 0.84, 0.73–0.96) during administration in the fasted state when compared with AUC0–24 during administration with a moderate-fat meal. Similarly, rilpivirine C24 was significantly decreased by 21% (0.79, 0.65–0.97) in the fasted state compared with a moderate-fat meal. Pharmacokinetic parameters were unchanged during administration with a low-fat meal, except for C24, which was significantly increased by 15% (1.15, 1.01–1.31) when compared with the moderate-fat meal. Rilpivirine Cmax was similar under the three meal conditions. Virological suppression was unchanged at the end of the study.

Conclusions
A food effect was observed for steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters of rilpivirine (AUC0–24 and C24) when TDF/FTC/RPV was administered in the fasted state compared with the moderate-fat meal. The TDF/FTC/RPV formulation can be administered with either a low-fat or moderate-fat meal.
Risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B therapy
Authors: Dubrovskaya Yanina , Prasad Nishant , Lee Yuman , Esaian Diana , Figueroa Deborah A. , Tam Vincent H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Polymyxin B is an active agent against many MDR Gram-negative bacteria, but nephrotoxicity is a major hindrance to its widespread use. To guide its optimal use, we determined the risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B.

Methods
In a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study, we evaluated adult patients with normal renal function who received ≥72 h of polymyxin B therapy. Pertinent information was retrieved from medical records; patients were followed for up to 30 days after therapy was started. The primary endpoint of this study was the onset of nephrotoxicity. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for analysis.

Results
A total of 192 patients (52.1% male, 67.7% Caucasian) were evaluated. The mean ± SD age, actual body weight (ABW) and daily dose by ABW were 68.3 ± 17.2 years, 71.5 ± 20.4 kg and 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/kg, respectively. The median duration of therapy was 9.5 days. The overall prevalence rate of nephrotoxicity was 45.8% and the median onset of nephrotoxicity was 9 days. Independent risk factors for the onset of nephrotoxicity included daily dose by ABW (HR = 1.73; P = 0.022), concurrent use of vancomycin (HR = 1.89; P = 0.005) and contrast media (HR = 1.79; P = 0.009). Nephrotoxicity was seen earlier in the high-risk group (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Risk factors for nephrotoxicity onset associated with polymyxin B were identified. In conjunction with susceptibility and other pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data, our results can be used to optimize treatment for MDR Gram-negative infections.
Century-long monitoring of solar irradiance and Earth's albedo using a stable scattering target in space
Authors: Judge Philip G. , Egeland Ricky 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An inert sphere of a few metres diameter, placed in a special stable geosynchronous orbit in perpetuo, can be used for a variety of scientific experiments. Ground-based observations of such a sphere, ‘GeoSphere’, can resolve very difficult problems in measuring the long-term solar irradiance. GeoSphere measurements will also help us understand the evolution of Earth's albedo and climate over at least the next century.
Impaired Motor Competence in Children With Transplanted Liver
Authors: Almaas Runar , Jensen Unn , Loennecken Marianne C. , Tveter Anne T. , Sanengen Truls , Scholz Tim , Holm Inger 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectives:Although reduced cognitive function has been demonstrated after liver transplantation in children, few data are available concerning motor competence.Methods:Thirty‐five children ages 4 to 12 years were tested using Movement Assessment Battery for Children (M‐ABC) test at a median of 5.1 (3.9–6.9) years after liver transplantation and compared with reference material of healthy children.Results:Children with transplantation had worse M‐ABC score 8.0 (interquartile range 5.0–11.5), compared with healthy children 3.5 (1.0–6.0) (P < 0.0001). All of the subscores (manual dexterity [P < 0.0001], ball skills [P = 0.0037], and balance [P = 0.0032]) were significantly worse in the children with liver transplantation compared with the healthy reference group. Twenty‐nine percent of the children with liver transplantation had impaired motor competence, compared with 9% of a healthy reference group. Seventeen of the patients with transplantation were retested 1 year later, and 11 were tested 4 years later with no changes in total M‐ABC score. Ball skill competence was worse 4 years after first assessment (P = 0.013). For children with transplantation and cholestatic liver disease (n = 26), renal function was a significant predictor for total M‐ABC score (P = 0.018).Conclusions:Children with liver transplantation had impaired motor competence compared with healthy children. Ball skills developed adversely several years after liver transplantation, and motor competence did not improve with time after transplantation. Renal function was a significant predictor for motor competence in children with liver transplantation and cholestatic liver disease.
Increase of Serum γ‐Glutamyltransferase Associated With Development of Cirrhotic Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease
Authors: Bodewes Frank A.J.A. , van der Doef Hubert P.J. , Houwen Roderick H.J. , Verkade Henkjan J. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackground:Identification of patients at risk for developing cirrhotic cystic fibrosis liver disease (CCFLD) is essential for targeting potentially preventive treatment. We studied the evolution of serum liver enzymes and thrombocyte counts as predictors of CCFLD development.Methods:For this study, we defined the diagnosis of CCFLD as the combination of splenomegaly (on either physical examination or ultrasound scan) and macronodularity of the liver on ultrasound scan. We reviewed the medical records of 277 pediatric patients with CF for the diagnosis of CCFLD. In each patient with CCFLD, we reviewed serum liver enzymes and thrombocyte counts in the 2‐year period preceding the diagnosis of CCFLD. We compared these results with a non‐CCFLD control group (patients with CF older than 15 years with no reported signs or symptoms of CCFLD).Results:In the 2 years preceding the diagnosis, the γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) levels of patients with CCFLD were significantly higher compared to non‐CCFLD controls (42 ± 5 vs 17 ± 2 U/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Corresponding aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels did not significantly differ between patients with CCFLD and controls. The thrombocyte counts in patients with CCFLD were significantly lower than those in controls (252 ± 108 vs 320 ± 94 × 109 /L, respectively; P < 0.05). The predictive value for CCFLD of a single GGT measurement was low; however, for patients with CF with a mean GGT > 35 U/L, based on repeated measurements, the odds ratio for developing CCFLD was 39 (95% confidence interval 9–175, specificity was 95%, sensitivity was 64%, positive predictive value was 50%). For the thrombocytes, however, no reliable cutoff value could be identified.Conclusions:In pediatric patients with CF, a persistently high‐normal GGT is strongly associated with the diagnosis of CCFLD within 2 years. The prognostic value of a single GGT measurement is limited, but repeated GGT measurements may allow the identification of groups of patients at increased risk for CCFLD.
Examining the relationship between perceived organizational support, transfer of training and service quality in the Malaysian public sector
Authors: Zumrah Abdul Rahim 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This study aims to investigate the relationships among perceived organizational support (POS), transfer of training outcomes to the workplace and service quality in the context of public sector organizations in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach– The data for this study have been collected from three sources, the employees of public sector organizations in Malaysia, their supervisors and their colleagues through surveys.Findings– The findings reveal that transfer of training has a mediating effect on the relationship between POS and service quality.Practical implications– The findings illustrate that both elements, which are the support from organization (in terms of valuing employee contribution and caring about their well-being) and employee work attitude (applying the knowledge, skills and attitudes that are learned during training on the job) are significant in influencing employee service quality.Originality/value– This study adds to the small number of studies examining the mediator of the POS and service quality relationship. Such research is essential to understand a mechanism that links POS and service quality. This study also extends the literature by examining together the factor (POS) and the consequence (service quality) of transfer of training. To date, the number of empirical studies that have examined the factors and the consequences of transfer of training in one framework is still limited.
Performance management in Canadian public organizations: findings of a multi-case study
Authors: Goh Swee Chua , Elliott Catherine , Richards Greg 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– Performance management (PM) is now clearly a well-established practice in public sector organizations. However, increasingly scholars have been questioning its efficacy in improving organizational performance. Research has shown that the presumed benefits remain questionable and that there are many barriers, challenges and problems in implementing PM. The purpose of this paper is to report and discuss the findings of a multi-case study that examines in more depth how five Canadian public sector organizations are implementing PM.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative multi-case study approach was used in this study. Structured interviews were carried out in each public sector organization and the interview data were analyzed using NVivo8. Individual case profiles were also written. A cross-case analysis was carried out using data from these five cases.Findings– The cross-case analysis of the data focussed on the major themes emerging from the data with respect to challenges and barriers, success factors, context and implications for practice for PM in public sector organizations. Three contextual factors are identified and discussed in explaining some of the findings. Conclusions are drawn for making PM more effective in achieving performance improvement in public sector organizations and future directions for research.Research limitations/implications– The research findings and implications for practice are based on five Canadian public sector organizations so may limit its generalizability to public sector organizations in other countries.Practical implications– Some practical implications are discussed with respect to implementing PM more successfully in public sector organizations. This included the better integration of PM to corporate strategy, leadership in developing a positive PM culture and employee buy-in and commitment to the process.Originality/value– This qualitative multi-case study of PM in Canadian public sector organizations has not previously been done. This approach allows for a more close-up look at PM in public sector organizations especially how it is implemented and the experiences of organizational members. The paper also presents new insights on context as an important variable in explaining the findings from the cross-case analysis and points to future new directions for research and in developing a contingency theory approach to PM.
Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and its application in analyzing factors inhibiting implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)
Authors: Poduval Prasanth S. , Pramod V. R. , V. P. Jagathy Raj 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the application of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) to analyze the barriers in implementation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). TPM is explained in brief with emphasis on maintenance programs to improve quality of products, reliability of processes and reduction in cost. Barriers in implementation of TPM are also discussed. Concept of ISM and steps in developing ISM are described in detail. The authors then illustrate the research methodology which involves applying ISM to analyze barriers in TPM.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper starts off by describing the concepts of TPM and ISM. Barriers in implementation of TPM are discussed. It explains ISM as a methodology to understand the underlying interrelationship among the inhibiting factors. The authors draw up an action plan to carry out research on the usage of ISM to study the TPM inhibitors, to develop an integrated model to establish the relationship among the different TPM inhibiting factors and to suggest action plan to mitigate these factors.

Findings
– Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) can be used to analyze the driving and dependence power of the variables inhibiting implementation of TPM. The barriers to implement TPM are described with detailed explanation. The complexity of the problem and the degree of interconnection among the variables can be found out. This will help Managers take action on mitigating the barriers.

Practical implications
– By analyzing the interrelationships among the barriers and their strengths, management can chalk out the strategy to implement TPM in an organization. Management will become aware of the barriers which have the maximum influence and then can act accordingly to mitigate these barriers. This will help in implementing TPM faster and in an organized manner.

Originality/value
– Many authors have used ISM to study various issues. A couple of authors have used ISM to determine barriers in implementation of TPM. The authors feel that most of the papers describe ISM in brief making it slightly difficult for readers to understand. This paper aims to explain elaborately step-by-step on how to develop an ISM making it easier for researchers to understand the ISM concept. Even though there are papers on TPM and difficulties in implementation of TPM, this paper explains the barriers in implementing TPM based on the experience of the corresponding author having worked in the refinery industry.
It’s the act that counts: minimizing post-violation erosion of trust
Authors: Elangovan A. R. , Auer-Rizzi Werner , Szabo Erna 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of damage incurred by the trustor as a result of a trust violation and the impact of different levels of post-violation trust repair behaviours by the trustee on the subsequent erosion of trust.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from 232 middle to senior level managers using a two-part scenario-based experimental design to test the impact of damage incurred (avoided) and post-violation repair behaviour. Respondents’ levels of trust were measured pre- and post-violation as well as forgiving and a range of demographic variables.Findings– Results showed that trust eroded independent of the level of damage that may have been caused. Further, post-violation trust repair behaviour by the trustee led to a significantly lower erosion of trust as compared to not engaging in such behaviours. Furthermore, erosion of trust was minimized, when the trustee engaged in increasing levels of trust repair behaviour. Results also showed that trustors who were relatively more forgiving were less likely to lose trust in the trustee after a violation.Research limitations/implications– In this study we focused on two key factors influencing the erosion of trust. Further factors need to be identified and empirically tested in order to get a more holistic view on how trust erodes. The results serve as one step towards building an integrated model of trust erosion.Practical implications– For practicing managers, the results imply that the actual incurrence or avoidance of damages from a trust violation appears to be peripheral – trustors are more concerned about the violation as a principle and a harbinger of similar future incidents. Further, quickly engaging in trust repair behaviours, such as offering an a good explanation, a heartfelt apology, and appropriate remedy, helps minimize the erosion of trust.Originality/value– This paper addresses an under-investigated facet of trust research in organizations – erosion of trust – which is especially crucial in light of the growing awareness that most organizational relationships actually start off with high levels of trust rather than low trust. Thus, this study offers insights into maintaining (as opposed to building) trust.
Shared leadership and gender: all members are equal … but some more than others
Authors: Mendez Maria J , Busenbark John R. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of shared leadership on the gap between male and female leadership influence in groups.Design/methodology/approach– The leadership influence of 231 members from 28 committees was studied using a social networks methodology. Gender differences in committee members’ directive and supportive leadership influence were analyzed through two ANCOVA tests.Findings– Results confirm significant differences between men and women’s leadership influence, as rated by their peers, using directive and supportive leader behaviors. Surprisingly, shared leadership has no significant effect on reducing this gender gap.Research limitations/implications– Results cannot be extrapolated to all other types of groups, since the committees studied have very unique characteristics due to their low typical mutual interaction.Practical implications– Organizations may need to consider complementary strategies in their group leadership design to prevent the emergence of strong gender gaps when leadership is shared. These strategies could involve training members to recognize gender inequalities in leadership status and assigning leadership roles formally to ensure more equal participation in leadership.Originality/value– This paper examines the promise of gender equality in shared leadership and provides empirical data that shows that this promise is not being realized.
Skills in the market: an analysis of skills and qualifications for American librarians
Authors: Gerolimos Michalis , Malliari Afrodite , Iakovidis Pavlos 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to create a profile of the modern American academic librarian through the content analysis method of job advertisements.

Design/methodology/approach
– One hundred thirty-four advertisements were analyzed in various ways, e.g. salary, skills, qualifications, duties, followed by a multivariate analysis.

Findings
– Most significant findings include the importance of communication skills for all academic librarians, the significance of the Library and Information Science (LIS) degree and that applicants should expect a salary of $40,000-60,000.

Originality/value
– This paper builds on the previous studies in the field to verify that communication skills are among the most, if not the most, desired skills for a modern librarian, and that an LIS degree is still an asset.
The influence of age-awareness versus general HRM practices on the retirement decision of older workers
Authors: HENNEKAM Sophie , Herrbach Olivier 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the perception of HRM practices and the retirement decision of older workers with a low occupational status in the creative industry in the Netherlands using social identity theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 30 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted by telephone. The sample consisted of workers with a low occupational status, aged 50 or above, in the creative industry in the Netherlands, all member of the trade union of this industry.

Findings
– The relationship between HRM practices and retirement decisions is complex and contradictory. In line with social identity theory, it was found that HRM practices designed for older workers were perceived as a stamp that they belonged to a devalued social group. However, they do want organizations to accommodate their needs, but in a way that they do not feel to require special attention.

Originality/value
– The findings show that older workers want organizations to adapt the workplace to their needs, but that the provision of age-specific practices could prevent them from constructing a positive social identity. HR practices can only make older workers extend their working lives if they are provided to all workers regardless occupational status or age.
Multiple sources of support, affective commitment, and citizenship behaviors
Authors: Chênevert Denis , Vandenberghe Christian , Tremblay Michel 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of passive leadership in the relationships of perceived support from organization, coworkers, and physicians to affective commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among hospital employees.Design/methodology/approach– Using a sample of 182 hospital employees and a time-lagged design in which predictors and moderator were assessed at Time 1 and self-reported OCB was obtained 2.5 years later, the authors examined whether passive leadership moderates the relationships of perceived supports to commitment and their indirect effects on OCB.Findings– Analyses indicate that at high levels of passive leadership, the relationship between support from organization and coworkers and commitment is less positive and the relationship between support from physicians and commitment is negative. Moreover, the indirect effect of perceived support from coworkers and physicians on OCB through affective commitment is weaker at high levels of passive leadership.Research limitations/implications– Although the data used were self-reported, the analyses show that method variance accounted for only 9 percent of the variance among constructs at Time 1. Findings contribute to highlight the boundary conditions associated with perceived support and establish that passive leadership severely limits the beneficial effects expected from support available to employees.Practical implications– Findings suggest that supervisors should be trained not only on improving positive leadership skills but also on reducing passive behaviors in the face of problems in their teams.Originality/value– This study extends the understanding of social exchange processes in organizations and invites managers and researchers to look at factors that slow down the development of social exchange relationships with employees.