bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of transient diffusion behavior of SF6 and He in a nuclear power plant condenser
Authors: Zu Shuai , Che Yinhui , Qing Chen , Yang Xi 
Published: July 2024

When leakage occurs in the titanium tubes of a nuclear power plant condenser, the ability to quickly and accurately locate the position of the leaking tubes holds significant importance for the safe and stable operation of the condenser. SF6 and He are commonly used tracer gases for pinpointing the location of leaking titanium tubes in large condensers. In order to investigate the diffusion behavior of these two different tracer gases in the condenser of a nuclear power unit, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the condenser was established based on the porous media. Concentration distribution characteristics and diffusion rate differences of SF6 and He inside the condenser are analyzed through transient analyses. The results indicate that the amount of tracer gas leakage significantly influences the time it takes for the tracer gas to diffuse to the suction port, and the location of tracer gas leakage has a significant impact on the concentration distribution pattern at the suction port. He exhibits a faster diffusion rate compared to SF6. When a leak occurs at location 1 of the B4 module with a leak rate of 0.007 kg/s, the mass concentration of He peaks at the suction port of the A3 module after ∼2.2 s, whereas the mass concentration of SF6 reaches its maximum at the suction port of the A3 module after around 9.5 s.
A new device to reduce mammal predation on reptiles in pitfall traps
Authors: Stiglingh Andrea D. , Moseby Katherine E. , Neave Georgina , Beerkens Nathan , Tuft Katherine 
Published: July 2024

Context Many vertebrate studies report predation from pit co-occupants as a source of mortality during pitfall surveys. Aims This study aims to assess the use of false-floors in pitfall traps to reduce the opportunistic predation of small reptiles by small mammals caught within the same pit. Methods Small-vertebrate surveys were conducted using pitfall traps in an arid landscape from 1998 to 2021. Between 2018 and 2021, wooden false-floors with 2 cm notches in their sides were placed inside pitfall traps to reduce the amount of reptile predation caused by small mammals co-occupying the same pit. The position of captured individuals, relative to the false-floor, were used to assess the capacity of false-floors to create an effective barrier between captured reptiles and mammals. Key results During the false-floor trial period (2018–2021), Pseudomys australis and Notomys alexis were identified as the key mammal species opportunistically predating on captured reptiles, collectively accounting for 54% of reptile predation incidents. Most of the N. alexis and P. australis captures were found above false-floors (92 and 70% of captures respectively), indicating that they were generally not able to access the prey refuge beneath. Reptile mortality from small mammal predation was significantly lower in pitfalls with false-floors (15% of reptile-mammal co-occupancy incidents) than in those without (60% of co-occupancy incidents). However, false-floors did not prevent all predation events because some mammals were able to access the compartment underneath the false-floors. Conclusions The false-floors provided an effective barrier between small reptiles and key mammal species caught in the same pit and reduced occurrences of small reptile predation. Implications False-floors can effectively be used as a tool to reduce reptile mortality during pitfall surveys. However, they also increased the time taken to set and check traps and we therefore suggest their use only during times of high mammal abundances, when the abundance of large rodents is high. The efficacy of false-floors at any particular site may be improved by trialling different-sized notches and construction materials.
Mixed localized waves and their interaction structures for a spatial discrete Hirota equation
Authors: Yang Jun , Chang Yueya , Wen Lili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Mixed localized wave solutions and interactions are of great significance in nonlinear physical systems. This paper aims to investigating the generalized (m,N-m)-fold Darboux transformation and the mixed localized wave solutions of a spatial discrete Hirota equation. First, we construct the generalized (m,N-m)-fold Darboux transformation for the spatial discrete Hirota equation, which can produce the interactions between the breathers, degenerate breathers and rogue waves. For the Darboux transformation formula, we discuss the above order-1,2,3 localized wave solutions, as well as their dynamics by choosing the number of m = 1. We plot some specific examples such as the spatial (time)-periodic breather, second-order and third-order degenerate breathers and higher-order rogue waves with novel patterns. Furthermore, when m > 1, we give several kinds of mixed interaction solutions between the first-order rogue waves and first (second)-order (degenerate) breathers, between the first-order breather and second-order degenerate breathers, between second-order rogue waves and first-order breathers. At last, we also sum up the various mathematical features of the degenerate breathers and the mixed localized wave solutions.
Predicting cognitive load with EEG using Riemannian geometry-based features
Authors: Kremer Iris , Halimi Wissam , Walshe Andy , Cerf Moran , Mainar Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. We show that electroencephalography (EEG)-based cognitive load (CL) prediction using Riemannian geometry features outperforms existing models. The performance is estimated using Riemannian Procrustes Analysis (RPA) with a test set of subjects unseen during training. Approach. Performance is evaluated by using the Minimum Distance to Riemannian Mean model trained on CL classification. The baseline performance is established using spatial covariance matrices of the signal as features. Various novel features are explored and analyzed in depth, including spatial covariance and correlation matrices computed on the EEG signal and its first-order derivative. Furthermore, each RPA step effect on the performance is investigated, and the generalization performance of RPA is compared against a few different generalization methods. Main results. Performances are greatly improved by using the spatial covariance matrix of the first-order derivative of the signal as features. Furthermore, this work highlights both the importance and efficiency of RPA for CL prediction: it achieves good generalizability with little amounts of calibration data and largely outperforms all the comparison methods. Significance. CL prediction using RPA for generalizability across subjects is an approach worth exploring further, especially for real-world applications where calibration time is limited. Furthermore, the feature exploration uncovers new, promising features that can be used and further experimented within any Riemannian geometry setting.
Diffusion dynamics of an overdamped active ellipsoidal Brownian particle in two dimensions
Authors: Mandal Sudipta , Ghosh Anirban 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Shape asymmetry is the most abundant in nature and has attracted considerable interest in recent research. The phenomenon is widely recognized: a free ellipsoidal Brownian particle displays anisotropic diffusion during short time intervals, which subsequently transitions to an isotropic diffusion pattern over longer timescales. We have further expanded this concept to incorporate active ellipsoidal particles characterized by an initial self-propelled velocity. This paper provides analytical and simulation results of diffusion dynamics of an active ellipsoidal particle. The active ellipsoidal particle manifests three distinct regimes in its diffusion dynamics over time. In the transient regime, it displays diffusive behavior followed by a super-diffusive phase, and in the longer time duration, it transitions to purely diffusive dynamics. We investigated the diffusion dynamics of a free particle as well as a particle in a harmonic trap, and a particle subject to a constant field force. Moreover, we have studied the rotational diffusion dynamics and torque production resulting from an external constant force field. Furthermore, our investigation extends to the examination of the scaled average velocity of an ellipsoidal active particle, considering both a constant force field and a one-dimensional ratchet.
Empirical study on the impact of the digital economy on the efficiency of agricultural product circulation under the dual carbon goals
Authors: Luo Qianwen , Wang Yujie , Chen Bo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Under the dual carbon goals, it has become an urgent practical issue to enhance the efficiency of agricultural product circulation while reducing environmental damage. This paper first constructs a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between the digital economy, green technological innovation, and agricultural product circulation efficiency. Based on panel data from 29 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Tibet, and Hainan) from 2015 to 2021, this study utilizes a two-way fixed-effects model and a threshold regression model to analyze the impact of the digital economy on agricultural product circulation efficiency. Meanwhile, the mediating role of green technological innovation is explored in-depth through a mediating effect model. The results indicate that regional heterogeneity exists at the development level of the digital economy and in the efficiency of agricultural product circulation. The digital economy can significantly enhance the efficiency of agricultural product circulation, and green technological innovation plays a mediating role in this process. The impact of the digital economy on agricultural product circulation efficiency exhibits a dual threshold effect, where the promotion effect weakens after crossing two threshold values. Finally, this paper proposes countermeasures based on regional development status, including strengthening the application of the digital economy in agricultural product circulation, promoting green technological innovation, and reducing the thresholds for digital economy development.
Experimental study of the effect of the addition of Posidonia Oceanica fiber on the thermal and acoustic insulation properties of plaster
Authors: Jedidi Malek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, plaster and natural Posidonia Oceanica (PO) fibers are combined to create a composite material that was recently produced. This work’s primary objective is to assess the mechanical and thermophysical performance of the composite material in order to determine whether or not it may be used as a thermal and acoustic insulation material in buildings. For this end, prismatic and parallelepipedic specimens of different dimensions were made with fiber percentages ranging from 0% to 20%. In addition, parallelepiped panels (600 mm × 600 mm × 40 mm3) were also prepared containing 10% of PO fibers. Mechanical properties (flexual strength, compressive strength), thermal properties and sound absorption coefficient were investigated. For each test specimen, the density was calculated for a proportion of fibers ranging from 0% to 20%. The results indicated a marked improvement in the compressive and flexural strength of the fiber-reinforced mixtures. This improvement is respectively 14.5% and 33.8% for mixtures containing 10% of PO fibers. Additionally, the addition of PO fibers significantly decreases density (by 40.5%), thermal conductivity (by 68.5%) and thermal diffusivity (by 36.9%) of the different mixtures. The ideal mechanical characteristics are attained when 5%–10% of the volume is made up of Posidonia Oceanica fibers. The results of the sound absorption coefficient test show that the mixture of plaster with 10% fibers has a good sound absorption coefficient of 0.78 for high frequencies between 1000 Hz and 4000 Hz. This work has shown conclusively that the incorporation of PO fibers, up to a maximum of 10% with plaster, makes it possible to obtain a lightweight composite that can potentially be used as a new insulating construction material.
AEDN-YOLO: an efficient one-stage detection network for strip steel surface defects
Authors: Wei Mingjun , Chen Beilong , Liu Jianuo , Yuan Na , Liu Jinyun , Ji Zhanlin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Steel surface defect detection is one of the key tasks in industrial production and quality control. Research on defect detection using deep learning algorithms has shown promising results. However, due to the complex backgrounds, large differences in defect sizes, and diverse defect types present in steel strip surface defect images, existing deep learning algorithms struggle to achieve precise detection. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an efficient detection model named AEDN-YOLO. Firstly, an adaptive feature extraction (AFE) module is designed, embedded into C2f to better capture irregularly shaped objects. Secondly, the Triplet Attention module is incorporated into the bottom layer of the backbone network to enhance the model’s ability to locate defect features accurately. Additionally, replace the standard convolution in the neck network with GSConv, which not only accelerates feature fusion to improve detection speed but also enlarges the model’s receptive field to enhance detection accuracy. Finally, add a small target detection layer to enhance the detection capability for tiny defects. The model achieves mAP of 81.7% and 72.7% on the NEU-DET and GC10-DET datasets, respectively, with a detection speed of 72.1 FPS. Compared to mainstream defect detection algorithms, the proposed algorithm enables accurate and efficient detection of steel surface defects.
A review of optimization of energy involved in rolling stock of a sub-urban rail transport system
Authors: Ishaq Mohammad , Shukla Praveen Kumar , Ashfaq Haroon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Railway systems stand out as highly efficient modes of transportation compared to others, leading to a rising demand for the sake of research and development aimed at reducing their energy consumption. This pursuit not only enhances sustainability but also addresses the pressing issue of climate change. A multitude of studies delve into modeling, analyzing, and optimizing energy usage within railway systems, showcasing a diverse array of methodologies and techniques for formulating, and solving optimization problems. This review paper undertakes a comparative examination of approximately 36 relevant studies focusing on railway energy consumption encompassing both traction and auxiliary energy. The research emphasizes various modeling techniques employed in simulating train movement and energy consumption; alongside different optimization methods focused at improving operational efficiency on railway tracks. It meticulously scrutinizes the most prevalent optimization methods, techniques and variables are utilized. Through an extensive review of literature, it becomes apparent that deterministic approaches, particularly based on the Davis equations, dominate the modeling landscape, accounting for over 80% of the approaches. However, when it comes to optimization, meta-heuristic approaches take precedence, with Genetic Algorithms being a prominent choice. These findings underscore the significance of meta-heuristic approaches, crucial for enhancing both human activities and mitigating energy consumption, especially in a heavy energy-consuming sector like railway transportation.
Trainability issues in quantum policy gradients
Authors: Sequeira André , Paulo Santos Luis , Soares Barbosa Luis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research explores the trainability of Parameterized Quantum Circuit-based policies in Reinforcement Learning, an area that has recently seen a surge in empirical exploration. While some studies suggest improved sample complexity using quantum gradient estimation, the efficient trainability of these policies remains an open question. Our findings reveal significant challenges, including standard Barren Plateaus with exponentially small gradients and gradient explosion. These phenomena depend on the type of basis-state partitioning and the mapping of these partitions onto actions. For a polynomial number of actions, a trainable window can be ensured with a polynomial number of measurements if a contiguous-like partitioning of basis-states is employed. These results are empirically validated in a multi-armed bandit environment.
Using syndromic surveillance to rapidly assess the impact of a June 2023 wildfire smoke event on respiratory-related emergency department visits, Massachusetts, United States
Authors: Fitzsimmons Kathleen , Mahin Maya , Parikh Megha , Ergas Rosa , Guo Jing , Warner Michelle , Pacheco Michelle , Sparer-Fine Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A statewide air quality advisory was issued in Massachusetts for 6–7 June 2023 due to smoke originating from wildfires in Canada. Of particular concern was fine particulate matter, which has an aerodynamic diameter of ⩽2.5 μm (PM2.5) and has been linked to adverse respiratory outcomes. The objective of this study was to rapidly assess the impact of this wildfire smoke event on respiratory-related emergency department (ED) visits among Massachusetts residents. For exposure, daily air quality index (AQI) data from the US Environmental Protection Agency were used. Massachusetts counties, where for each day from 6 to 8 June 2023, the daily AQI was ⩾101 (i.e. unhealthy air quality), were considered exposed. For each exposed period, two unexposed reference periods where AQI < 101 (i.e. ‘good’ or ‘moderate’ air quality) were identified within the two weeks prior to the exposed period, with the same days of the week and in the same county. Data from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health’s syndromic surveillance system were used to examine daily counts of ED visits for asthma, air-quality-related respiratory illness, and all causes by county of residence, age group, race, and Hispanic/Latino ethnicity. For each outcome, the numbers of ED visits were compared between the exposed and reference periods. Overall, there were no large increases in ED visits for any conditions examined during this wildfire smoke event. However, residents who were aged 18–64 years, Hispanic/Latino or White experienced small but not statistically significant increases in asthma-related ED visits. These potential differences in the effect on asthma-related ED visits by age and race/ethnicity may be relevant for analyses of future events. This study provides an example of how real-time, publicly available exposure data can be used in conjunction with outcome data from syndromic surveillance to rapidly examine the impact of wildfires and other acute environmental events on health.
Centralized Administration in Ukraine for Ukraine
Authors: Kibita Nataliya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The 1917 February Revolution opened a window of opportunity to establish a centralized Ukrainian administration and form Ukrainian gubernias into one polity. In the period between the February Revolution and spring 1918, all main political parties active in Ukraine, including the Bolsheviks, understood the political benefits of a Kyiv-based administration. In 1918–1919, Ukraine-based Bolsheviks focused their efforts on persuading the resistant Russian Bolshevik leadership to accept Ukraine as a separate administrative unit that needed a territorial administration. Lenin’s acceptance of the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic generated an expectation of genuine administrative self-government among Ukrainian Bolshevik leaders, legitimized their claims for policymaking authority, and thus created a new dynamic in the relationship between the latter and the Russian Bolshevik leadership. The chapter illustrates that in the case of Bolshevism, the struggle for the same ideas did not equate to the struggle for the interests of the same institutions.
‘The More We Centralize, the Less Order There Is in the State’
Authors: Kibita Nataliya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the break-up of the Soviet Union, the new dual executive branch of Ukraine faced the urgent task of establishing de facto control over the Ukrainian economy and the regions. However, to accomplish this task, the executive branch chose the old Soviet diktat. It focused on extracting resources from the regions through administrative control over the economy, while neglecting active regional policy. It continued to prioritize heavy industry and maintained nearly full control over agriculture. The executive branch was wrong to assume that the regions would accept Kyiv’s diktat unconditionally. Throughout 1992–1994, the regions continued explaining to the government that the command-administrative methods was not the way to consolidate either centralized control over the economy in Ukraine or Ukrainian statehood. Instead, argued the regions, Kyiv should focus on market reforms, install transparent mechanisms for implementing central policies and laws, and build the economy from the bottom up by prioritizing the needs of the regions and producers. For objective reasons, regionalism was unavoidable. But it was up to the Ukrainian leadership to convince the regions to accept its authority, rather than for the regions to unconditionally accept Kyiv’s diktat. In 1992–1994, institutional inertia prevailed, and the old dilemma of how to distribute power between the Ukrainian centre and the regions remained unresolved.
Legal Realism in France
Authors: Troper Michel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Realism has acquired in France some characteristics that, without contrasting it with Italian realism, distinguish it significantly from it. First, it is a radically skeptical version of the realist theory of interpretation, namely the idea that it is only through legal interpretation that a meaning is determined, so that before an interpretation has taken place a text has no meaning at all. This goes against the common idea that a text has several possible meanings among which the interpreter makes a choice. It also goes against the idea that the interpreter is bound by some norm, at least the norm that empowers it to give an interpretation, because that norm too is a product of an interpretation. Second, the French version of realism proposes to extend the theory of interpretation not only to texts but to facts. Third, it contends that the hierarchy of norms is a product of legal interpretation. Finally, French realism argues that, while any interpretation by an authentic interpreter is valid, most interpreters do not act out of sheer whim or ideology because they are subject to specific causal influences and constraints.
Einstein's Entanglement
Authors: Stuckey W M , Silberstein Michael , McDevitt Timothy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Einstein introduced quantum entanglement in 1935 and referred to it as “spooky actions at a distance” because it seemed to conflict with his theory of special relativity. Today, some refer to it as “the greatest mystery in physics,” and the 2022 Physics Nobel Prize was even awarded for experimental confirmation of the “spookiness.” While the mystery is experimentally well established, its solution remains elusive because it is commonly believed that quantum entanglement entails one or more of the following:
In this book, a rigorous solution to the mystery of quantum entanglement is provided that entails none of those things. The key to this seemingly impossible feat is—to use Einstein’s own language—a “principle” explanation that foregoes the need for any “constructive” explanation of quantum entanglement, such as those listed above. Ironically, the proposed principle explanation is Einstein’s own relativity principle as grounded in quantum information theory. So, contrary to popular belief, quantum mechanics and special relativity are far from inconsistent, as both are a consequence of the exact same relativity principle.