bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and current use of parenteral nutrition in critical care – an opinion paper
Authors: Berger Mette M , Pichard Claude 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCritically ill patients depend on artificial nutrition for the maintenance of their metabolic functions and lean body mass, as well as for limiting underfeeding-related complications. Current guidelines recommend enteral nutrition (EN), possibly within the first 48 hours, as the best way to provide the nutrients and prevent infections. EN may be difficult to realize or may be contraindicated in some patients, such as those presenting anatomic intestinal continuity problems or splanchnic ischemia. A series of contradictory trials regarding the best route and timing for feeding have left the medical community with great uncertainty regarding the place of parenteral nutrition (PN) in critically ill patients. Many of the deleterious effects attributed to PN result from inadequate indications, or from overfeeding. The latter is due firstly to the easier delivery of nutrients by PN compared with EN increasing the risk of overfeeding, and secondly to the use of approximate energy targets, generally based on predictive equations: these equations are static and inaccurate in about 70% of patients. Such high uncertainty about requirements compromises attempts at conducting nutrition trials without indirect calorimetry support because the results cannot be trusted; indeed, both underfeeding and overfeeding are equally deleterious. An individualized therapy is required. A pragmatic approach to feeding is proposed: at first to attempt EN whenever and as early as possible, then to use indirect calorimetry if available, and to monitor delivery and response to feeding, and finally to consider the option of combining EN with PN in case of insufficient EN from day 4 onwards.
Subpopulation-proteomics reveal growth rate, but not cell cycling, as a major impact on protein composition in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Lieder Sarah , Jahn Michael , Seifert Jana , von Bergen Martin , Müller Susann , Takors Ralf 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Population heterogeneity occurring in industrial microbial bioprocesses is regarded as a putative effector causing performance loss in large scale. While the existence of subpopulations is a commonly accepted fact, their appearance and impact on process performance still remains rather unclear. During cell cycling, distinct subpopulations differing in cell division state and DNA content appear which contribute individually to the efficiency of the bioprocess. To identify stressed or impaired subpopulations, we analyzed the interplay of growth rate, cell cycle and phenotypic profile of subpopulations by using flow cytometry and cell sorting in conjunction with mass spectrometry based global proteomics. Adjusting distinct growth rates in chemostats with the model strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440, cells were differentiated by DNA content reflecting different cell cycle stages. The proteome of separated subpopulations at given growth rates was found to be highly similar, while different growth rates caused major changes of the protein inventory with respect to e.g. carbon storage, motility, lipid metabolism and the translational machinery.
In conclusion, cells in various cell cycle stages at the same growth rate were found to have similar to identical proteome profiles showing no significant population heterogeneity on the proteome level. In contrast, the growth rate clearly determines the protein composition and therefore the metabolic strategy of the cells.
1,6-Addition Reaction of 5H-Oxazol-4-ones to Conjugated Dienones Catalyzed by Chiral Guanidines
Authors: Morita Akane , Misaki Tomonori , Sugimura Takashi 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A chiral guanidine-catalyzed 1,6-addition reaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones to α,β,γ,δ-diunsaturated ketones is described in this study. The addition reaction proceeded regiospecifically to yield a 1,6-addition product with high enantioselectivity. Obtained adducts of the 1,6-addition could be converted into the corresponding chiral 7-oxo-α-hydroxy acid derivatives or chiral α-homoallylic-hydroxy acid derivatives via 2nd generation Grubbs catalyst-mediated olefin metatheses.
Valid publication of the name Sarcococca longipetiolata (Buxaceae): Third time lucky
Authors: Yu Wen-Bin , Li De-Zhu 
Published: August 2014

Abstract“Sarcococca longipetiolata” was not validly published by Cheng (1979) because two gatherings were simultaneously indicated as type, the flowering material using Latin and Chinese and the fruiting material using Chinese alone (contrary to the requirements of Art. 40). “Sarcococca longipetiolata M.Cheng” was not validly published by Li (2009) because the type indicated was a lectotype in conflict with Art. 40.6 (and not correctable; Art. 9.9 Note 6). The name Sarcococca longipetiolata is validated here by indicating a single gathering as the holotype. Given the requirements of Art. 40 of the ICN, researchers and editors need to make sure that type indications made in Latin and a modern language refer to the same gathering.
The Arthonialean challenge: Restructuring Arthoniaceae
Authors: Frisch Andreas , Thor Göran , Ertz Damien , Grube Martin 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Arthoniales is the second–largest group of lichen–forming fungi. A new phylogeny of Arthoniales based on mtSSU, nLSU and RPB2 sequence data is presented, with a focus on crustose representatives. A total of 145 taxa are analyzed including 64 species of Arthoniaceae. We obtained 198 new sequences for 83 specimens representing 71 taxa of Arthoniales. Arthoniaceae is recovered as polyphyletic, demonstrating that previous classifications do not reflect evolutionary patterns. Three phylogenetic lineages are identified: the Arthoniaceae clade, the Bryostigma clade and the Felipes clade. The Bryostigma clade is related to Arthoniaceae, while the Felipes clade shows close affinities to Chrysotrichaceae. Cryptotheciaceae is included as a paraphyletic grouping in Arthoniaceae. Lecanographaceae and the genera Felipes and Melarthonis are described. Bryostigma and Pachnolepia are reinstated for former Arthonia species, and Myriostigma for the Cryptothecia candida complex. Fouragea is reinstated for foliicolous Opegrapha species. Arthonia eos is described and the new combination Alyxoria mougeotii is made. A lectotype is selected for Spiloma fallax. Melaspilea granitophila belongs in Arthoniaceae and Arthonia mediella in Chrysotrichaceae. According to the phylogenetic hypothesis, lichen secondary chemistry, such as pulvinic acid derivates or red pigments, does not characterize monophyletic groups above the genus level. The parasitic life style in Arthoniaceae has evolved more than once. Parasitic species are found in four lineages of the Arthoniaceae clade and in the Bryostigma clade. Arthoniomycetes with chlorococcoid photobionts are restricted to the Bryostigma clade and Chrysotrichaceae, while the only saprophytic Arthonia species in the phylogeny are related to Arthonia radiata and group with lichenized taxa. The phylogenetic data provide a coherent framework for delineating further monophyletic groups in Arthoniaceae in the future.
A phylogeny of the Gochnatieae: Understanding a critically placed tribe in the Compositae
Authors: Funk Vicki A. , Sancho Gisela , Roque Nádia , Kelloff Carol L. , Ventosa-Rodríguez Iralys , Diazgranados Mauricio , Bonifacino J. Mauricio , Chan Raymund 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSubfamily Gochnatioideae is the sister group of ∼96% of the species in Compositae (Asteraceae). It is of particular interest not only because of its position in the phylogeny, but also because, in recent molecular studies, the node it occupies is not strongly supported making difficult any inferences on the direction of character evolution in the family. The recognition of tribe Gochnatieae was one of the results of a comprehensive molecular analysis of the family that showed the traditional circumscription of the Mutisieae to be non–monophyletic. The four genera of Gochnatieae (Cnicothamnus, Cyclolepis, Gochnatia, Richterago) were defined by the presence of apiculate anther appendages and dorsally smooth style branches. Gochnatia, which contained about 70 species, was the largest and most complex genus and in the last decade some of its sections have been moved (or returned) to the rank of genus. This study includes a large selection of potential outgroups and over 60% of all species in the tribe, including all the genera and all but one of the sections of Gochnatia, to examine evolutionary relationships among the taxa. Both cpDNA and nrDNA were used in a phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian approaches. The results suggest a non–monophyletic Gochnatia that is here resolved by the recognition of segregate genera. Morphological characters support these new genera and allow the adoption of a new classification for the Gochnatieae. A biogeographic analysis shows a possible southern South American/Andean origin followed by movement in three directions: into the Central Andes, into central and northern Brazil, and into Mexico and the Caribbean. The dating analysis gives an age of the split of the core Gochnatieae from the Wunderlichieae–Cyclolepis clade, and hence the age of the tribe, of 36–45 Ma and an age of 23–25 Ma for the first split within the core Gochnatieae (Andean vs. Brazil–Mexico–Caribbean). Cnicothamnus remains in Gochnatieae but Cyclolepis is designated incertae sedis.
Lectotypification of the name Arthrostachya coarctata, basionym of Gaudinia coarctata, an Azorean endemic (Poaceae)
Authors: Galán-de-Mera Antonio , Vicente-Orellana José A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe discovery of original material of Arthrostachya coarctata (≡ Gaudinia coarctata) permits the lectotypification of this name. The illegitimate Avena geminiflora, a later homotypic synonym of G. coarctata, has been misapplied to the species properly known as G. valdesii. Gaudinia coarctata, a threatened endemic restricted to the Azores Islands, is taxonomically close to G. fragilis.
The Use of Online Strategies and Social Media for Research Dissemination in Education
Authors: Cooper Amanda 
Published: August 2014

Alongside a growing interest in knowledge mobilization (trying to increase the connection between research, policy and practice) there has been a transformation of how knowledge is produced, accessed and disseminated in light of the internet and social media strategies. Few studies have explored the use of social media for research dissemination. This paper explores the online strategies used by 44 research brokering organizations (RBOs) in education across Canada. It is organized in four parts. The first provides a literature review of the terminology associated with Web 2.0 and social media as well as outlines the sparse empirical work that exists. The second presents empirical findings of online practices of 44 RBOs. The third section reports on the frequency of social media activity of RBOs as well as the nature of posts in order to ascertain whether or not research is actually being disseminated through these mechanisms. The final section discusses the implications of social media for research dissemination. Overall, use of additional online strategies by RBOs (other than websites) remains modest. Many of the strategies used are passive and do not allow two-way communication. Thirty percent of RBOs use social media; however, this usage in not pervasive and Facebook and Twitter networks are small. Other mechanisms to encourage active participation will be required alongside Web 2.0 and social media tools, if these strategies are to become robust avenues for knowledge mobilization and research dissemination.
Bertrand Oligopoly with Boundedly Rational Consumers
Authors: Basov Suren , Danilkina Svetlana 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper we consider a model of Bertrand oligopoly when consumers are boundedly rational and make their purchase decisions probabilistically, according to the Luce model. We consider three different cases: first, we characterize equilibrium when firms face boundedly rational consumers with the fixed irrationality parameter
Towards a Political Theory of the Market Economy
Authors: Nullmeier Frank 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSome authors make the dominance of markets responsible for the current crisis of Western democracies. In order to prevent a further development in a post-democratic direction political science has to scrutinize all strategies that aim to establish a predominance of politics including strategies beyond a better market regulation and a further expansion of the welfare state. The paper examines selected contributions to normative political theory in search for models of (1) the democratization of the market economy, (2) the creation of a just economy and (3) the moralization of market economies. Are justifiable models for a democratized economy, a just economy or a moralized market presented in the literature? The distinction between organizations and transactions proves to be important in order to answer the question of how a reconfiguration of the market economy dominated by standards of justice and political equality could look like. Models of internal democratization and self-management have been developed for companies as the organizational part of market economies. In contrast, there is no way to democratize market transactions themselves. With reference to John Rawls and his conception of a property-owning democracy the article analyses the inherent tendency of market transactions to contribute to an accumulation of inequality and the institutional models to limit or to compensate for these side effects of markets.
Self-Management Interventions in Patients with Long-Term Conditions: A Structured Review of Approaches to Reporting Inclusion, Assessment, and Outcomes in Multimorbidity
Authors: Kenning Cassandra , Coventry Peter A. , Bower Peter 
Published: August 2014

Background Multimorbidity has many potential implications for healthcare delivery, but a particularly important impact concerns the validity of trial evidence underpinning clinical guidelines for individual conditions. Objective To review how authors of published trials of self-management interventions reported inclusion criteria, sample descriptions, and consideration of the impact of multimorbidity on trial outcomes. Methods We restricted our analysis to a small number of exemplar long-term conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We focussed our search on published Cochrane reviews. Data were extracted from the trials on inclusion/exclusion, sample description, and impact on outcomes. Results Eleven reviews consisting of 164 unique trials were identified. Sixty percent of trials reported excluding patients with forms of multimorbidity. Reasons for exclusion were poorly described or defined. Reporting of multimorbidity within the trials was poor, with only 35% of trials reporting on multimorbidity in their patient samples. Secondary analyses, exploring the impact of multimorbidity, were very rare. Conclusions The importance of multimorbidity in trials is only going to become more important over time, but trials often exclude patients with multimorbidity, and reporting of multimorbidity in trials including such patients is generally poor. This limits judgements about the external validity of the results for clinical populations. A consistent approach to the conduct and reporting of secondary analyses of the effects of multimorbidity on outcomes, using current best-practice guidance, could lead to a rapid development of the evidence base.
mTOR activation in medullary thyroid carcinoma with RAS mutation
Authors: Lyra Joana , Vinagre João , Batista Rui , Pinto Vasco , Prazeres Hugo , Rodrigues Fernando , Eloy Catarina , Sobrinho-Simões Manuel , Soares Paula 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveRearranged during transfection (RET) mutations are well-known genetic events in sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). The presence ofRASmutations in sporadic cases, challenging theRETparadigm in these tumors, has been recently reported. We intend to evaluate mTOR pathway activation inRET- andRAS-mutated MTC.Materials and methodsIn this study, we analysed the presence ofRET, H-RAS, andK-RASmutations in a series of 87 MTCs (82 apparently sporadic and five FMTCs; five apparently sporadic MTCs were eventually found to be familial). We also evaluated mTOR activation – using the expression of its downstream effector phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (p-S6) and the expression of the mTOR inhibitor, phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) – by immunohistochemistry.ResultsOur results revealed thatRETmutations were present in 52.9% of the cases (46/87) andRASmutations in 12.6% (11/87) of the whole series of MTCs and 14.3% of the 77 sporadic MTCs. The presence ofRETandRASmutations was mutually exclusive.RASmutations were significantly associated with higher intensity of p-S6 expression (P=0.007), suggesting that the mTOR pathway is activated in such MTCs. We observed also an increased expression of p-S6 in invasive tumors (P=0.042) and in MTCs with lymph node metastases (P=0.046). CytoplasmicPTENexpression was detected in 58.8% of the cases; cases WT forRASshowed a significantly lower expression ofPTEN(P=0.045).ConclusionsWe confirmed the presence ofRASmutation in 14.3% of sporadic MTCs and report, for the first time, an association between such mutations and the activation of the mTOR pathway. The evaluation of the mTOR activation by pS6 expression may serve as an indicator of invasive MTC.
The relationship between glucocorticoid replacement and quality of life in 2737 hypopituitary patients
Authors: Ragnarsson Oskar , Mattsson Anders F , Monson John P , Filipsson Nyström Helena , Åkerblad Ann-Charlotte , Kołtowska-Häggström Maria , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveQuality of life (QoL) is impaired in hypopituitary patients and patients with primary adrenal insufficiency. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of glucocorticoid (GC) replacement on QoL. The main hypothesis was that ACTH-insufficient patients experience a dose-dependent deterioration in QoL.Design, patients and methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of data from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Data from 2737 adult GH-deficient (GHD) hypopituitary patients were eligible for analysis. Thirty-six per cent were ACTH sufficient and 64% ACTH insufficient receiving a mean±s.d. hydrocortisone equivalent (HCeq) dose of 22.3±8.7 mg (median 20.0). QoL at baseline and 1 year after commencement of GH replacement was assessed by the QoL-assessment of GHD in adults.ResultsAt baseline, no significant difference in QoL was observed between ACTH-sufficient and -insufficient patients. Increasing HCeq dose was associated with worse QoL. Patients on HCeq ≤10 mg had the best and patients receiving ≥25 mg demonstrated the poorest QoL. At 1 year of GH replacement, the improvement in QoL did not differ between ACTH-sufficient and -insufficient patients, and no association was observed between HCeq dose and QoL improvement.ConclusionAdult hypopituitary patients with untreated GHD receiving GC replacement have similar QoL as ACTH-sufficient patients. Among ACTH-insufficient patients, there is a dose-dependent association between increasing dose and impaired QoL. This association may be explained by supraphysiological GC exposure although it remains plausible that clinicians may have increased GC doses in order to address otherwise unexplained QoL deficits.
Diverse Gene-Silencing Mechanisms with Distinct Requirements for RNA Polymerase Subunits in Zea mays
Authors: Sloan Amy E , Sidorenko Lyudmila , McGinnis Karen M 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In Zea mays, transcriptional regulation of the b1 (booster1) gene requires a distal enhancer and MEDIATOR OF PARAMUTATION1 (MOP1), MOP2, and MOP3 proteins orthologous to Arabidopsis components of the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway. We compared the genetic requirements for MOP1, MOP2, and MOP3 for endogenous gene silencing by two hairpin transgenes with inverted repeats of the a1 (anthocyaninless1) gene promoter (a1pIR) and the b1 gene enhancer (b1IR), respectively. The a1pIR transgene induced silencing of endogenous A1 in mop1-1 and mop3-1, but not in Mop2-1 homozygous plants. This finding suggests that transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) circumvented the requirement for MOP1, a predicted RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and MOP3, the predicted largest subunit of RNA polymerase IV (Pol IV). Because the Arabidopsis protein orthologous to MOP2 is the second largest subunit of Pol IV and V, our results may indicate that hairpin-induced siRNAs cannot bypass the requirement for the predicted scaffolding activity of Pol V. In contrast to a1pIR, the b1IR transgene silenced endogenous B1 in all three homozygous mutant genotypes—mop1-1, Mop2-1, and mop3-1—suggesting that transgene mediated b1 silencing did not involve MOP2-containing Pol V complexes. Based on the combined results for a1, b1, and three previously described loci, we propose a speculative hypothesis of locus-specific deployment of Pol II, MOP2-containing Pol V, or alternative versions of Pol V with second largest subunits other than MOP2 to explain the mechanistic differences in silencing at specific loci, including one example associated with paramutation.
Predicción de la reprobación de cursos de matemática básicos en las carreras de Física, Meteorología, Matemática, Ciencias Actuariales y Farmacia
Authors: Rojas-Torres Luis 
Published: August 2014

Recibido 5 de junio de 2013 • Corregido 4 de abril de 2014 • Aceptado 22 de agosto de 2014Este artículo sintetiza un estudio realizado en el 2013, con el objetivo de predecir la reprobación en cursos de matemática por parte de los estudiantes de las carreras de Farmacia, Matemática, Ciencias Actuariales, Física y Meteorología de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). Mediante la técnica estadística de regresión logística, aplicada a la cohorte del 2010, se pronosticó la reprobación de los estudiantes de estas carreras en uno de sus cursos introductorios de matemática (Cálculo I para Física y Meteorología, Principios de matemática para Matemática y Ciencias actuariales y ecuaciones diferenciales aplicadas para Farmacia). Para estos modelos se utilizaron, como variables predictivas, los componentes del promedio de admisión a la UCR, el género del estudiante y el porcentaje de ítems correctos en la Prueba de Habilidades Cuantitativas (HC). La variable con mayor importancia en todos los modelos fue HC y los modelos con mejores porcentajes de clasificación correcta de casos fueron las regresiones logísticas. Para los casos utilizados en la estimación de los modelos de Física-Meteorología, Farmacia y Matemática-Ciencias Actuariales se obtuvo un 89.8%, 73.6% y 93.9% de clasificación correcta, respectivamente.