bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rereading Comprehension Pedagogies: Toward a Dialogic Teaching Ethic that Honors Student Sensemaking
Authors: Aukerman Maren 
Published: June 2013

This conceptual essay critiques reading comprehension pedagogies that are part of the current educational landscape. I argue that comprehension pedagogy generally reflects one of three differing orientations, each with its own assumptions about what comprehension is: comprehension-as-outcome pedagogies, which emphasize getting textual meaning “right”; comprehension-as-procedure pedagogies, which emphasize knowing the “right” ways doing reading; and comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogies, which take all textual interpretation seriously, regardless of “rightness.” Comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogies, in turn, can be distinguished as either primarily responsive – aimed at surfacing student understandings – or primarily dialogic – aimed at getting student understandings to refract. Arguably, comprehension-as-outcome pedagogy dominates current reading instruction. A focus on measuring and teaching toward “right” interpretations permeates almost all aspects of comprehension pedagogy even when one of the other orientations toward comprehension pedagogy is also at play. While seemingly intuitive, this overarching outcome emphasis reifies textual meaning in ways that are both theoretically and ethically problematic. I make the case that comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogy should become primary instead. I propose that comprehension-as-outcome and comprehension-as-procedure pedagogies should not be abandoned, but should be subordinated to dialogic comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogy so that students’ textual sensemaking is more fully heard, respected, and examined in reading classrooms.
An Introduction to Sequence Similarity (“Homology”) Searching
Authors: Pearson William R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSequence similarity searching, typically with BLAST, is the most widely used and most reliable strategy for characterizing newly determined sequences. Sequence similarity searches can identify “homologous” proteins or genes by detecting excess similarity— statistically significant similarity that reflects common ancestry. This unit provides an overview of the inference of homology from significant similarity, and introduces other units in this chapter that provide more details on effective strategies for identifying homologs. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 42:3.1.1‐3.1.8. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fully Plastic Dye Solar Cell Devices by Low‐Temperature UV‐Irradiation of both the Mesoporous TiO2 Photo‐ and Platinized Counter‐Electrodes
Authors: Zardetto Valerio , Di Giacomo Francesco , Garcia‐Alonso Diana , Keuning Wytze , Creatore Mariadriana , Mazzuca Claudia , Reale Andrea , Di Carlo Aldo , Brown Thomas M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe application of UV irradiation processes are successfully proposed for the first time in the fabrication of both of the two plastic electrodes in flexible dye solar cells (DSCs) and modules. For the realization of the photo‐electrode, a customized TiO2 paste formulation and UV processing method was developed which yields 134% (48%) performance enhancement with respect to the same (binder‐free) paste treated at 120 °C. UV treatment induces both complete removal of organic media and more efficient charge collection. Significantly, highly catalytic platinized flexible counter‐electrodes are also obtained via UV photo‐induced reduction of screen‐printed platinum precursor pastes based on hexachloroplatinic acid. Using both UV‐processed electrodes, a fully plastic DSC is fabricated with a conversion efficiency of 4.3% under 1 Sun (semitransparent) and 5.3% under 0.2 Sun (opaque). Performance is within 10% of the efficiency of a glass‐based DSC prepared with the same materials but with conventional high temperature processes. The material formulations and processes are simple, and easily up‐scaled over large areas, even directly and simultaneously applicable to the preparation of both the photo‐and counter‐electrode on the same substrate which enabled us to demonstrate the first module on plastic realized with a W series interconnection.
Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in patients treated with warfarin
Authors: Mazya Michael V. , Lees Kennedy R. , Markus Romesh , Roine Risto O. , Seet Raymond C. S. , Wahlgren Nils , Ahmed Niaz ,   Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Investigators
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveControversy surrounds the safety of intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in ischemic stroke patients treated with warfarin. The European tPA license precludes its use in anticoagulated patients altogether. American guidelines accept IV tPA use with an international normalized ratio (INR) ≤ 1.7. The influence of warfarin on symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), arterial recanalization, and long‐term functional outcome in stroke thrombolysis remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed data from 45,074 patients treated with IV tPA enrolled in the Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke (SITS) International Stroke Thrombolysis Register. A total of 768 patients had baseline warfarin treatment with INR ≤ 1.7. Outcome measures were SICH, arterial recanalization, mortality, and functional independence at 3 months.ResultsPatients on warfarin with INR ≤ 1.7 were older, had more comorbidities, and had more severe strokes compared to patients without warfarin. There were no significant differences between patients with and without warfarin in SICH rates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72–2.11 per SITS‐MOST; aOR = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.82–1.70 per European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study II) after adjustment for age, stroke severity, and comorbidities. Neither did warfarin independently influence mortality (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.83–1.35) or functional independence at 3 months (aOR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.81–1.24). Arterial recanalization by computed tomography/magnetic resonance angiography trended higher in warfarin patients (62% [37 of 59] vs 55% [776/1,475], p = 0.066). Recanalization approximated by disappearance at 22 to 36 hours of a baseline hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign was increased (63% [124 of 196] vs 55% [3,901 of 7,099], p = 0.022).InterpretationWarfarin treatment with INR ≤ 1.7 did not increase the risk for SICH or death, and had no impact on long‐term functional outcome in patients treated with IV tPA for acute ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2013;74:266–274
Confounding underlies the apparent month of birth effect in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Fiddes Barnaby , Wason James , Kemppinen Anu , Ban Maria , Compston Alastair , Sawcer Stephen 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveSeveral groups have reported apparent association between month of birth and multiple sclerosis. We sought to test the extent to which such studies might be confounded by extraneous variables such as year and place of birth.MethodsUsing national birth statistics from 2 continents, we assessed the evidence for seasonal variations in birth rate and tested the extent to which these are subject to regional and temporal variation. We then established the age and regional origin distribution for a typical multiple sclerosis case collection and determined the false‐positive rate expected when comparing such a collection with birth rates estimated by averaging population‐specific national statistics.ResultsWe confirm that seasonality in birth rate is ubiquitous and subject to highly significant regional and temporal variations. In the context of this variation we show that birth rates observed in typical case collections are highly likely to deviate significantly from those obtained by the simple unweighted averaging of national statistics. The significant correlations between birth rates and both place (latitude) and time (year of birth) that characterize the general population indicate that the apparent seasonal patterns for month of birth suggested to be specific for multiple sclerosis (increased in the spring and reduced in the winter) are expected by chance alone.InterpretationIn the absence of adequate control for confounding factors, such as year and place of birth, our analyses indicate that the previous claims for association of multiple sclerosis with month of birth are probably false positives. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:714–720
Ion‐Transfer Electrochemistry of Rat Amylin at the Water–Organogel Microinterface Array and Its Selective Detection in a Protein Mixture
Authors: Alvarez de Eulate Eva , O'Sullivan Shane , Fletcher Sharon , Newsholme Philip , Arrigan Damien W. M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe behavior of proteins and polypeptides at electrified aqueous–organic interfaces is of benefit in label‐free detection strategies. In this work, rat amylin (or islet amyloid polypeptide) was studied at the interface formed between aqueous liquid and gelled organic phases. Amylin is a polypeptide that is co‐secreted with insulin from islet beta‐cells and is implicated in fibril formation. In this study, rat amylin was used, which does not undergo aggregation. The polypeptide underwent an interfacial transfer process, from water to the gelled organic phase, under applied potential stimulation. Cyclic voltammetry revealed steady‐state forward and peak‐shaped reverse voltammograms, which were consistent with diffusion‐controlled water‐to‐organic transfer and thin‐film stripping or desorptive back‐transfer. The diffusion‐controlled forward current was greater when amylin was present in an acidic aqueous phase than when it was present in an aqueous phase at physiological pH; this reflects the greater charge on the polypeptide under acidic conditions. The amylin transfer current was concentration dependent over the range 2–10 μM, at both acidic and physiological pH. At physiological pH, amylin was selectively detected in the presence of a protein mixture, which illustrated the bioanalytical possibilities for this electrochemical behavior.
Isolation and enzymatic properties of a nonspecific acid phosphatase from Vigna aconitifolia seeds
Authors: Anand Asha , Srivastava Pramod Kumar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAcid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) from Vigna aconitifolia seeds was purified to apparent homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation and cation‐exchange chromatography [carboxymethyl (CM) cellulose]. The enzyme was 228‐fold purified with 14.6% recovery. Analytical gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G‐200 column showed that Mr of native enzyme was 58 kDa and denaturing PAGE demonstrated that it was made up of two subunits of 24 and 27 kDa. The enzyme showed its optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 60°C. It exhibited broad substrate specificity and showed a higher specificity constant for para‐nitrophenyl phosphate, Na β‐naphthyl phosphate, and adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Cu2+, Mo6+, Fe3+, phosphate, and fluoride ions were reported as strong inhibitors for the enzyme. Active site study for the enzyme demonstrated that tryptophan and aspartic acid may be important for the catalysis.
Flow‐injection chemiluminescence determination of gentamicin: optimization by central composite design
Authors: Iranifam M , Hasanzadeh A , Fathinia M , Khataee A R , Mousavi S A 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive flow‐injection chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of gentamicin sulfate. The method is based on the inhibitory effect of gentamicin on the CL emission accompanying oxidation of luminol by H2O2 in an alkaline medium in the presence of Cu(II) as a catalyst. Inhibition was caused by the formation of a strong complex between analyte and the catalyst. Experimental variables, including the concentrations of luminol (µmol/L), H2O2 (mol/L), Cu(II) (mol/L) and NaOH (mol/L), were optimized using a central composite design. Under optimum conditions, the plot of CL intensity versus gentamicin concentration was found to have two linear ranges. One range was at low concentrations from 1.0 to 10.0 mg/L and the other was from 10.0 to 30.0 mg/L. Precision was calculated by analyzing samples containing 5.0 mg/L gentamicin (n = 11) and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.7%. Also, a high injection throughput of 120 samples/h was achieved. This method was successfully applied to the determination of gentamicin sulfate in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronous fluorescence determination of ferulic acid with Ce(IV) and sodium tripolyphosphate
Authors: Meng F , Liu P , Huang F , Wang L , Wu X , Shen L 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, a synchronous fluorescence detection method for ferulic acid (FA) is proposed based on a redox reaction between FA and Ce(IV) sulfate in dilute sulfuric acid medium at room temperature. It was found that FA could reduce Ce(IV) to Ce(III) in acidic medium, and sodium tripolyphosphate could further enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of the Ce(III) produced. The enhanced extent of synchronous fluorescence intensity was in proportion to the concentration of FA over the range 3.0 × 10‐8 to 1.0 × 10‐5 mol/L. The corresponding limit of determination (S/N = 3) was 1.3 × 10‐8 mol/L. The proposed method was applied to the determination of sodium ferulate for injection sample with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Engineering of a hybrid biotransformation system for cytochrome P450sca‐2 inEscherichia coli
Authors: Ba Lina , Li Pan , Zhang Hui , Duan Yan , Lin Zhanglin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractP450sca‐2 is an industrially important enzyme that stereoselectively converts mevastatin into pravastatin. However, little information or engineering efforts have been reported for this enzyme or its redox partner. In this study, we successfully reconstituted the P450sca‐2 activity inEscherichia coliby co‐expression with putidaredoxin reductase (Pdr) and putidaredoxin (Pdx) from thePseudomonas putidacytochrome P450cam system. With an HPLC‐based screening assay, random mutagenesis was applied to yield a mutant (R8‐5C) with a pravastatin yield of the whole‐cell biotransformation 4.1‐fold that of the wild type. P450sca‐2 wild‐type and R8‐5C were characterized in terms of mevastatin binding and hydroxylation, electron transfer, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. R8‐5C showed an active P450 expression level that was 3.8‐fold that of the wild type, with relatively smaller changes in the apparentkcat/KMwith respect to the substrate mevastatin (1.3‐fold) or Pdx (1.5‐fold) compared with the wild type. Thus, the increase in the pravastatin yield of the whole‐cell biotransformation primarily came from the improved active P450 expression, which has resulted largely from better heme incorporation, although none of the six mutations of R8‐5C are located near the heme active site. These results will facilitate further engineering of this P450sca‐2 system and provide useful clues for improving other hybrid P450 systems.
Removal of SO2 and NOX Using Microwave Swing Adsorption over Activated Carbon Carried Catalyst
Authors: Ma S.‐C. , Yao J. , Ma X. , Gao L. , Guo M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSO2 and NO are the main precursors for acid precipitation. Experimental studies on desulfurization and denitrification were carried out using microwave irradiation over activated carbon carried catalyst. The results show that adsorption capacities and removal efficiencies of activated carbon carried Cu‐based catalyst were higher than Mn‐based or Zn‐based ones. The adsorption capacity of SO2 improved with the increasing moisture in flue gas, but the adsorption capacity of NO had a peak at 6.23 mg g–1 and then began to drop. The desulfurization efficiency increased with O2 content in flue gas, but no noticeable change of denitrification efficiency was observed from the experimental data. The desulfurization efficiency descended with the increase of moisture in flue gas, while the denitrification efficiency augmented earlier and reached a plateau later with the addition of the water steam. In addition, characterization of activated carbon confirmed that the main active component of Cu‐based catalyst is CuO.
High‐Solid‐Content Emulsions of PVC: Scale‐Down of an Industrial Process for Enhanced Understanding of Particle Formation Part 1: Introduction and Scale‐Down
Authors: McKenna T. F. L. , Pascal T. , Lys T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA scale‐down study of an industrial reactor for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via an emulsion polymerization process was carried out in order to understand the source of batch‐to‐batch variations in product quality. In Part 1, an analysis of the plant is presented and the industrial recipe scaled down to a pilot‐scale reactor. In the following Parts 2 and 3 a systematic analysis of the main process parameters revealed that particle generation and stabilization actually occurred in a manner slightly different from what was thought at the production site.
High‐Solid‐Content Emulsions of PVC: Scale‐Down of an Industrial Process for Enhanced Understanding of Particle Formation Part 3: Production of Bimodal Latexes
Authors: McKenna T. F. L. , Pascal T. , Lys T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA scale‐down study of an industrial reactor for the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) via an emulsion polymerization process was carried out in order to understand the cause of batch‐to‐batch variations in product quality. The results in Part 2 of this series of papers indicated that a large excess of base is required to control the particle size distribution (PSD) of the seed process. Here, it is demonstrated that the flow rate of the initiator and the second‐stage surfactant are the most important parameters for PSD control. Altering the time point at which the initiator and surfactant are injected allows controlling the relative volume fractions of large and small particles.
DFT Study of a 5‐endo‐trig‐Type Cyclization of 3‐Alkenoic Acids by Using Pd–Spiro‐bis(isoxazoline) as Catalyst: Importance of the Rigid Spiro Framework for Both Selectivity and Reactivity
Authors: Gabr Randa K. , Hatakeyama Takuji , Takenaka Kazuhiro , Takizawa Shinobu , Okada Yoshihiro , Nakamura Masaharu , Sasai Hiroaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe reaction pathway of an enantioselective 5‐endo‐trig‐type cyclization of 3‐alkenoic acids catalyzed by a chiral palladium–spiro‐bis(isoxazoline) complex, Pd–SPRIX, has been studied by density functional theory calculations. The most plausible pathway involves intramolecular nucleophilic attack of the carboxylate moiety on the CC double bond activated by Pd–SPRIX and β‐H elimination from the resulting organopalladium intermediate. The enantioselectivity was determined in the cyclization step through the formation of a π‐olefin complex, in which one of the two enantiofaces of the olefin moiety was selected. The β‐H elimination occurs via a seven‐membered cyclic structure in which the acetate ligand plays a key role in lowering the activation barrier of the transition state. In the elimination step, the SPRIX ligand was found to behave as a monodentate ligand due to the hemilability of one of the isoxazoline units thereby facilitating the elimination. Natural population analysis of this pathway showed that the more weakly electron‐donating SPRIX ligand, compared with the bis(oxazoline) ligand, BOX, facilitated the formation of the π‐olefin complex intermediate, leading to a smaller overall activation energy and a higher reactivity of the Pd–SPRIX catalyst.
Efficient Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Horsfiline
Authors: Hong Suckchang , Jung Myunggi , Park Yohan , Ha Min Woo , Park Cheonhyoung , Lee Myungmo , Park Hyeung‐geun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new efficient and concise enantioselective synthetic method for (−)‐horsfiline is reported. (−)‐Horsfiline could be obtained from diphenylmethyl tert‐butyl malonate in 9 steps (32 %,>99 % ee) by using the enantioselective phase‐transfer catalytic allylation (91 % ee) as the key step. This approach can be applied as a practical route for the large‐scale synthesis of spirooxindole natural products, which enables a systematic investigation of their biological activity to be performed.
Synthesis, HPLC Enantioresolution, and X‐ray Analysis of a New Series of C5‐methyl Pyridazines as N‐Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR) Agonists
Authors: Cilibrizzi Agostino , Crocetti Letizia , Paola Giovannoni Maria , Graziano Alessia , Vergelli Claudia , Bartolucci Gianluca , Soldani Giacomo , Quinn Mark T. , Schepetkin Igor A. , Faggi Cristina 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of three racemates and the corresponding non‐chiral analogues of a C5‐methyl pyridazine series is described here, as well as the isolation of pure enantiomers and their absolute configuration assignment. In order to obtain optically active compounds, direct chromatographic methods of separation by HPLC‐UV were investigated using four chiral stationary phases (CSPs: Lux Amylose‐2, Lux Cellulose‐1, Lux Cellulose‐2 and Lux Cellulose‐3). The best resolution was achieved using amylose tris(5‐chloro‐2‐methylphenylcarbamate) (Lux Amylose‐2), and single enantiomers were isolated on a semipreparative scale with high enantiomeric excess, suitable for biological assays. The absolute configuration of optically active compounds was unequivocally established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis and comparative chiral HPLC‐UV profile. All compounds of the series were tested for formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist activity, and four were found to be active, with EC50 values in the micromolar range. Chirality 25:400–408, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantiomerically Pure Bithiophene Diphosphine Oxides as Catalysts for Direct Double Aldol Reactions
Authors: Genoni Andrea , Benaglia Maurizio , Rossi Sergio , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe direct aldol reaction between aryl methyl ketones with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of tetrachlorosilane and a catalytic amount of a chiral bithiophene diphosphine oxide was studied; the product of double aldol addition was isolated as diacetate in good diastereoselectivity (up to 95:5) and enantioselectivities up to 91%. The reaction with heteroaromatic aldehydes was also investigated leading to the corresponding 1,3 diols, in some cases with excellent stereoselectivities. Chirality 25:643–647:, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Population Balance Modeling – Experimental Study with Bubble Columns
Authors: Hlawitschka Mark W. , Seiberth Dorian , Gao Ying , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEin gerührter Blasenkontaktor im Gegenstrom wird mithilfe der Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in Kombination mit der Populationsbilanzmodellierung (PBM) untersucht. Zur Simulation der Hydrodynamik wird auf das Euler‐Euler‐Modell zurückgegriffen, welches jedoch die Widerstandskräfte zwischen den Phasen modelliert. Die Widerstandskraft wird daher in einem Einzelblasenprüfstand bestimmt, bei dem die Blase durch einen Gegenstrom in Schwebe gehalten wird. Hierbei konnte der experimentell bestimmte Widerstandskoeffizient für sphärische Blasen mittels Literaturkorrelationen abgebildet werden. Die Einzelblasenapparatur ermöglicht zudem weitere Untersuchungen zum Stofftransport an ruhenden Blasen. Die durchgeführten CFD‐PBM‐Simulationen des gerührten Blasenkontaktors zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung mit der experimentell ermittelten Blasengrößenverteilung.