bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guidance strategies for infantile asymmetry prevention: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ellwood Julie , Sampath Kesava Kovanur , Rund Iryna , Treffel Loïc , Draper-Rodi Jerry 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: Infantile asymmetries of posture, movement and/or shape are common. Coincidence in the presentation of asymmetrical features can lead to a broad spectrum of descriptors. Evidence-based guidelines on prevention strategies are not currently available. The objective of this systematic review was to find, evaluate, and synthesise the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of prevention strategies for infantile asymmetries, specifically strategies involving paediatric screening and/or guidance to parents.
Methods: This review has been reported based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and the review protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework, (https://osf.io/rgzev/). Searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, Ovid AMED, and PEDro. Inclusion criteria of articles were infants <16 weeks old who had received either an early musculoskeletal screen and/or education to parents on home care guidance/exercises to prevent asymmetry development. Any primary research was included. There was no limit placed upon date of publication. Data was screened, extracted and appraised in duplicate by at least two blinded reviewers. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias available as part of Covidence was used by two reviewers independently.
Results: 702 papers were retrieved and 15 articles were included; 6 randomised controlled trials, 6 cohort studies and 3 non-randomised experimental studies. The presenting conditions were head shape asymmetry in 10/15 studies and movement asymmetry of congenital muscular torticollis in the remaining 5 studies. Due to a lack of homogeneity between all the studies, it was not possible to pool the data and conduct meta-analysis. Guidance strategies show better outcomes in asymmetry prevention when provided early (< 3 months) and under supervision of a healthcare professional. The overall risk of bias for cohort and non-randomised experimental studies was considered to be ‘low’, and ‘adequate’ or ‘low’ for randomised controlled trials. The GRADE level of evidence was found to be ‘very low’.
Conclusion: Early parental guidance may prevent infantile asymmetry when supervised by a trained healthcare professional and with good adherence from parents. Further studies with a higher methodological rigour are needed to identify and perform comparative interventions.
Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable
OSF number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/RGZEV
Impurity-induced Step Pinning and Recovery in MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 Film: The Influence of Ga supersaturation
Authors: Chou Ta-Shun , Rehm Jana , Anooz Saud Bin , Wouters Charlotte , Ernst Owen , Akhtar Arub , Galazka Zbigniew , Albrecht Martin , Fiedler Andreas , Popp Andreas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study focuses on the impact of high-doping impurities (> 1018 cm− 3) on the morphology of homoepitaxially grown (100) 4°off β-Ga2O3 film, as well as incorporating insights from the Cabrera-Vermilyea model (C-V model). Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging, we reveal that under low supersaturation conditions, dopant-induced impurities lead to irregular step formation and growth stalling, inducing the step-bunching formation consistent with C-V model predictions. Conversely, higher supersaturation conditions restore desired step-flow morphology, resembling low-impurity growth states. It is also shown that the step-bunching formed under lower supersaturation conditions and high impurity concentration might induce unwanted structural defects and compensate the free carriers. These findings underscore the delicate interplay between dopant concentrations, growth morphology, and supersaturation in MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 films, providing a comprehensive understanding for optimizing their electrical properties with respect to power electronics applications.
Reference Intervals for CD4 and hemoglobin among apparently healthy pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Chalchisa Dinkenesh , Belay Yohannes , Kassaw Melkitu , Befekadu Endalkachew , G/Egzeabher Letebrhan , G/Michael G/Medin , Lengiso Boki , Chala Dawit , Sahlemariam Zewdineh , Kebede Estifanos , Abate Ebba , Tsegaye Aster 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background, Most African countries, including Ethiopia, have not developed local well-defined reference intervals for immuno-hematological testes interims of pregnant women, so we were forced to use reference intervals from manufacturer insert kit values derived from non-Africans. This is not appropriate because CD4 cell count tests are affected by ethnic and environmental factors Therefore, this study aimed to develop RI for CD4 cell count and hemoglobin levels for apparently healthy pregnant women in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Method From January to June 2019, 162 pregnant women who appeared healthy were enrolled in this community-based cross-sectional study. Social and medical data were gathered through a structured questionnaire following the acquisition of informed consent. BD FACS Presto, a near-patient CD4 counter, was used to obtain the CD4 count and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels from whole blood using a nonparametric test that estimated 2.5th (lower limit) and 97.5th (upper limit) percentiles with 95% CIs. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS 20 and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: After excluding six pregnant women who did not pass the screening tests, 156 apparently healthy pregnant women participants who were 18–49 years old were included in the final analysis. The majority of them were in the 2nd trimester, from the total participants (51.9%) were housewives, and (37.2. %) attained at least primary-level education. The medians of CD4%-and CD4# counts with inter-quartile ranges [IQR] were 757.5 [611.3-925.5] cells/µLand 43.62% [39.9–47.3], respectively while the median and IQR. Hemoglobin values were 14.3gm/dL [13.40–15.10]. The absolute CD4 cell count reference intervals were 416.9-1218.4 cells/µL, %CD4 + 32.1–57.3%, there is no significant difference between the trimester and age difference was observed. Conclusion: Comparing this study's results to those of non-African and African nations, it revealed a decline in both parentage count and absolute CD4 + T cell counts. Therefore, it is essential to establish local reference values for various populations.
Time worked in shifts and occurrence of drowsiness events while driving: Attenuating effect of physical activity
Authors: de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , de Oliveira Fernando Luiz Pereira , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Pimenta Fausto Aloisio Pedrosa , Neto Raimundo Marques do Nascimento , de Freitas Sílvia Nascimento 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background: To investigate the relationship between shift work time, drowsiness events during driving, and the potential moderating effect of physical activity.
Methods: A cross-sectional investigation involved 1413 male shift workers in an iron ore mining firm. Heavy machinery essential to the mining process was operated. A specific question from the Berlin Questionnaire was used to evaluate drowsiness while driving. The main explanation variable was the shift in working hours. The levels of physical activity were classified as low, moderate, and high using the IPAQ. Multivariate and descriptive descriptive logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results: The majority of workers were aged 20 to 34 (45.1%), self-identified as non-white (77.2%) and had completed high school (76.0%). The average shift work time was 9.56 years (95% CI: 9.23-9.90), with 76% working for five years or more. Drowsiness events during driving were reported by 17.3% of workers. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between shift work time and drowsiness events, indicating a dose-response relationship, where longer shift work time increased the likelihood of drowsiness events (OR: 2.93 for 10-15 years; OR: 4.34 for >15 years). However, physical activity acted as a moderating factor, demonstrating a dose-response effect in reducing this chance, with a reduction of 27.6% and 30.9% for moderate and high levels, respectively, compared to participants with a low level of activity.
Conclusion: Longer shift work time increases the chance of drowsiness events during driving, but higher physical activity levels mitigate them.
Global, regional, and national burden of HIV-negative tuberculosis, 1990–2021: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study
Authors: Zhang Shun-Xian , Miao Feng-Yu , Yang Jian , Zhou Wen-Ting , Lv Shan , Wei Fan-Na , Wang Yu , Hu Xiao-Jie , Yin Ping , Zheng Pei-Yong , Yang Ming , Wang Mei-Ti , Feng Xin-Yu , Duan Lei , Yang Guo-Bing , Wang Ji-Chun , Lu Zhen-Hui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease primarily caused by the inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb). Its widespread transmission, lengthy treatment duration, significant side effects, and high mortality rate severely impact public health. The study presents the epidemiological characteristics of TB globally and in major regions, aiming to reveal the current global and national TB-related disease burdens and provide scientific references for TB prevention and control worldwide.
Methods
The ecological and time series study utilizes data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. It includes the number of new incidence cases, deaths, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and trends in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized death rates (ASDR), and age-standardized DALY rates for drug-susceptible tuberculosis (DS-TB), multidrug-resistant tuberculosis without extensive drug resistance (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) from 1990 to 2021. The study analyzes trends of TB, DS-TB, MDR-TB, and XDR-TB across different age groups, genders, main regions, and nations. Additionally, the relationship between the global TB burden and the Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was explored using a general generalized linear regression model.
Results
In 2021, the global ASIR for all HIV-negative TB was 103.00 per 100,000 population (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 92.21, 114.91), with an declining by -0.40% (95%UI: -0.43, -0.38) compared to 1990. The global ASDR of TB was 13.96 per 100,000 population (95%UI: 12.61, 15.72), with an declining by-0.44% (95%UI: -0.61, -0.23) compared to 1990. The global age-standardized DALY rate for HIV-negative TB was estimated at 580.26 per 100,000 population (95%UI: 522.37, 649.82), with an declining by -0.65% (95%UI: -0.69 to -0.57) compared to 1990. Globally, significant declines in the ASIR, ASDR, and the age-standardized DALY rate for TB, DS-TB, and the MDR-TB were observed only when the SDI exceeded. The contribution of tobacco use to the ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALY rate of TB, DS-TB, and MDR-TB has been decreasing. In contrast, the impact of high fasting plasma glucose and high body mass index on the ASIR and ASDR of TB, DS-TB, and MDR-TB has been increasing.
Conclusions
MDR-TB and XDR-TB continues to impose a significant health burden, particularly in regions with low SDI. Developing effective, sensitive, accurate, rapid, and convenient Mtb screening technologies, along with novel anti-TB drugs of shorter treatment durations, is crucial. Continuous optimization, updating, and promotion of new TB treatment regimens and scheme are essential for reducing the TB burden.
Comparison of Endoscopic Healing and Durability between Combination Therapy with Infliximab and Azathioprine versus Infliximab Monotherapy in Pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Kim Yoon Zi , Kim Eun Sil , Kwon Yiyoung , Kim Seon Young , Kim Hansol , Choe Yon Ho , Kim Mi Jin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate endoscopic healing (EH) efficacy and the durability of infliximab (IFX) in combination therapy with IFX and AZA versus IFX monotherapy in pediatric patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). In this retrospective observational study, clinical remission (CR), biochemical remission (BR), EH, transmural healing (TH) after 1-year of treatment, IFX trough levels (TLs), antibodies-to-IFX (ATIs), and IFX durability of 108 patients receiving IFX therapy, who were grouped into AZA combo-therapy (combination therapy group) and IFX monotherapy (monotherapy group), were compared. Of 108 patients who received IFX therapy, 85 (78.7%) received AZA combo-therapy for ≥3 months, and 23 (21.3%) received IFX monotherapy. No significant differences were observed in CR and TH at 1-year between the groups. However, the BR (92.9% vs. 66.7%, p = 0.003) and EH (78.6% vs. 33.3%, p < 0.001) were higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group. Further, the proportion of patients with TLs above the therapeutic drug levels was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (p = 0.023). ATI formation was also significantly lower in the combination therapy group than in the monotherapy group (25.0% vs. 52.2%, p = 0.025). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that ATI positivity (hazard ratio [HR] 5.33, 95% CI [confidence interval] 1.61–17.60, p = 0.006) and combination therapy with IFX and AZA (HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.03–0.51, p = 0.004) were associated with IFX durability. Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed significantly higher IFX durability in the combination therapy group (log-rank test, p = 0.0026) than in the monotherapy group. Compared with IFX monotherapy, combination therapy with IFX and AZA was associated with higher EH rates and longer IFX durability in pediatric patients with CD.
Successful excision of non–palpable breast lesions using a magnetic surgical marker navigation system in a specialized French oncologic center
Authors: Ceccato Vivien , Wallaert Lauren , Michel Sophie , Gaillard Thomas , Girard Noémie , Darrigues Lauren , Pauly Léa , Gauroy Elodie , Raimond Emilie , Menouer Imane , Graesslin Olivier , Rosa Julie , Laas Enora , Reyal Fabien , Grandal Beatriz , Hotton Judicaël 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Wire guided localization is widely used as the standard method of pre-operative localization of breast lesions. The aim was to assess outcomes following the introduction of a novel non wire guided, magnetic surgical marker navigation system. A prospective study between May 2022 and June 2023 established a data base of the first 200 procedures performed using the Sirius Pintuition GPS Detect magnetic marker. The primary outcome measures were the successful excision of target lesion and retrieval of the magnetic marker. The primary lesion was excised and the magnetic marker was retrieved in all 200 procedures. In 17 procedures (8.5% of the total sample), the magnetic marker was dislodged during surgery; however, the primary lesion was still effectively excised with clear margins without the need for an additional procedure or radiologic assistance. The re-excision rate to achieve margin clearance was 9%. Insertion of the marker was classified as “easy” and “in contact with the target” by the radiologist in all cases (100%). This study has shown that surgical marker navigation reliably localizes lesions and is associated with low re-excision rates. We also perceived improvement in theatre planning.
Molecular transmission network analysis reveals the challenge of HIV-1 in ageing patients in China: elderly people play a crucial role in the transmission of subtypes and high pretreatment drug resistance in developed Eastern China, 2019-2023
Authors: Cao Dongqing , Xing Hui , Feng Yi , He Tingting , Zhang Jiafeng , Ling Jiafeng , Chen Jinkun , Zhao Jiana 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS patients among older people are continuously and rapidly increasing in China. We conducted a detailed molecular epidemiological analysis of HIV-1 epidemic strains in a developed city in eastern China and found that elderly people play a crucial role in the transmission of subtypes and high pretreatment drug resistance (PDR).
Methods
A total of 1048 samples were obtained from 1129 (92.8%) newly confirmed HIV-1-positive and treatment-naive patients between 2019 and 2023. The 1316 bp target fragment of the pol gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) and nested PCR, and a phylogenetic tree and molecular transmission network were constructed to analyse the subtypes and transmission clusters. PDR-associated mutations were determined according to the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database.
Results
A total of 933 pol sequences (91.23%, 933/1048) were successfully obtained, and twelve HIV-1 subtypes were detected. CRF07_BC was the predominant subtype, accounting for 48.1% (449/933) of sequences, followed by CRF01_AE (29.37%, 274/933). A total of 398 individuals (42.7%, 398/933) formed 89 clusters in the network. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that age, nationality, subtype, and PDR were the most significant factors associated with clustering in the transmission network. The prevalence of PDR was 14.6% (136/933).PDR associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (10.0%, 93/933) was much more common than that associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (1.8%, 17/933) and protease inhibitors (3.2%, 30/933) (2 = 77.961, p < 0.001). The most frequent NNRTI mutations were K103N/S/KN/NS (52.2%, 71/136), which caused the highest proportion of high-level resistance to nevirapine and efavirenz (52.2%).
Conclusions
Our study revealed the important influence of elderly people on CRF07_BC transmission and the high prevalence of PDR. The clustering of drug-resistant cases was significant, which suggested the potential for localized widespread transmission of drug-resistant strains. HIV screening and the determination of PDR are recommended for older patients to improve early detection and reduce treatment failure and second-generation transmission.
Experimental infection of ringtail possums with Mycobacterium ulcerans, the agent of Buruli ulcer
Authors: Blasdell Kim , Ploeg Richard , Hobbs Emma , Muhi Stephen , Riddell Sarah , Cunneen Alexandra , Kelly Michael , Maynard Kate , Malcolm Tess , Islam Md. Tanjir , Boyd Victoria , Stinear Timothy , Pidot Sacha , Athan Eugene , O'Brien Daniel 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing disease of skin and soft tissue caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU). In Australia, where the disease is spreading and case numbers increasing, native possum species act as reservoir hosts. To better understand the life history of MU in one of its natural hosts, we conducted intra-dermal challenge of six wild caught, MU-naïve common ringtail possums (Pseudocheirus peregrinus). All six animals developed BU disease consistent with that observed in naturally infected ringtail possums. Time to ulceration varied between 49 to 77 days (mean = 61.8 days). Molecular evidence of systemic infection was detected in five animals and was supported by consistent histopathological findings in four animals. Pathological findings included a random, multifocal, granulomatous hepatitis in four possums, one of which also had a mild, multifocal, interstitial granulomatous pneumonia. Acid-fast bacilli were only evident in inflammatory foci beyond the primary inoculation site in one possum. The ringtail possum model of MU infection is an important tool for the investigation of bacterial transmission dynamics, pathogenesis and immune response in a natural host. Data from this model may improve disease risk modelling and help identify intervention points to stop zoonotic transmission and disease spread.
Comparison of Neck Angle and Musculoskeletal Discomfort of Surgeon in Cataract Surgery between Three-Dimensional Heads-Up Display System and Conventional Microscope
Authors: Suh Youngsong , Shin Suyoung , Kim Bo Yi , Jeong Jiwon , Kim Tae-im 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The three-dimensional heads-up display system (3D HUDS) is increasingly utilized by ophthalmologists and suggested to offer ergonomic benefits compared to conventional operating microscopes. We aimed to quantitatively assess the surgeon’s neck angle and musculoskeletal discomfort during cataract surgery using commercially available 3D HUDS and conventional microscope. In this single-center comparative observational study, the surgeon conducted routine phacoemulsification surgeries using Artevo® 800 and Opmi Lumera® 700 (both from Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). The surgeon’s intraoperative neck angle was measured using the Cervical Range of Motion device. Postoperative musculoskeletal discomfort was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score after each surgery. A total of 80 cataract surgeries were analyzed, with 40 using Artevo® 800 and 40 using Opmi Lumera® 700. The neck angle was extended when using Artevo® 800 and flexed when using Opmi Lumera® 700 during continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC), phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens (IOL) placement (-8.18 ± 2.85° vs. 8.27 ± 2.93° in CCC, -7.83 ± 3.30° vs. 8.87 ± 2.83° in phacoemulsification, -7.43 ± 3.80° vs. 7.67 ± 3.73° in IOL placement, respectively; all p < 0.001). The VAS score was significantly lower in surgeries performed with Artevo® 800 (1.27 ± 0.55 vs. 1.73 ± 0.64, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that 3D HUDS help reduce neck flexion and lower work-related musculoskeletal discomfort through ergonomic improvements.
Societal Cost Analysis of a Community-Based Teledermatology Service versus Conventional Outpatient Appointments in East Kent: A Retrospective Study to Reduce Health Inequalities
Authors: Nizar Nurul Ain , Farooki Roopa , Mahapatra Piyush , Halpern Saul , Hoogenboom Tim CH 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The UK's National Health Service (NHS) is grappling with rising demand and limited dermatologists, leading to longer waiting times. This is particularly concerning for conditions like malignant melanoma, where early diagnosis is crucial. Teledermatology is being introduced to address these issues, but its impact on patients’ monetary and time costs, especially in deprived areas, is under-researched. This study investigates the impact of a community-based teledermatology model in East Kent, a coastal region with high cross-regional health inequalities.
Methods
We analysed the financial costs and time invested by patients undergoing community-based teledermatology versus if they were to attend traditional appointments. Data were gathered from 1368 referrals, from May 2022 to January 2024 at a secondary care provider in the region. We considered the diagnosis method, appointments, travel, monetary cost of time, parking costs and Index of Multiple Deprivation Deciles (IMDD).
Results
Our study showed the community teledermatology model significantly reduced the active patient’s time and cost to obtain a diagnosis. Average time was 38.1 minutes, compared to 96.7 minutes in traditional clinics, saving 58.6 minutes (95% CI -62.5 to -54.6, p < 0.001). Patients saved £17.8 per diagnosis with this model (95% CI -£19.2 to -£16.5, p < 0.001). Time savings were more substantial for patients from more deprived regions (IMDD 1–3) .
Conclusion
The community-based teledermatology model proves to be cost-effective for patients, providing a convenient alternative to traditional clinics, particularly benefiting patients from deprived backgrounds by improving healthcare accessibility and offering flexible consultation options.