bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Fragmentation of Bicyclic γ‐Silyloxy‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐diazolactones as an Approach to Ynolides.
Authors: Bayir Ali , Brewer Matthias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe presented method gives access to 10 and 11 membered ynolides, which are the smallest reported to date.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Clerodane Diterpenoids from Croton crassifolius.
Authors: Li Yao‐Lan , Wang Guo‐Cai , Huang Wei‐Huan , Li Guo‐Qiang , Li Jia‐Gui , Wu Xia , Ye Wen‐Cai , Ge Wei , Chung Hau Yin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe two new clerodane diterpenoids crassifolin I (I) and crassifolin H (II) are isolated from the root of Croton crassifolius.
ChemInform Abstract: Speradines B—E, Four Novel Tetracyclic Oxindole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Fungus Aspergillus oryzae.
Authors: Chen Li , Zhang Qi‐Qing , Hu Xiao , Xia Qi‐Wen , Zhao Yang‐Yang , Zheng Qiu‐Hong , Liu Qin‐Ying 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIsolation and structure elucidation of four novel alkaloids speradine B (Ia), C (Ib), D (Ic), and E (II) are presented (without the absolute configuration).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Oxy‐Oxonia(Azonia)‐Cope Reaction: Serendipitous Discovery and Its Application to the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Musks
Authors: Zou Yue Zou Yue , Zhou Lijun , Ding Changming , Wang Quanrui , Kraft Philip , Goeke Andreas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Amphiphilic Nature of Saponins and Their Effects on Artificial and Biological Membranes and Potential Consequences for Red Blood and Cancer Cells
Authors: Lorent Joseph H. , Quetin‐Leclercq Joelle , Mingeot‐Leclercq Marie‐Paule 
Published: December 2014

AbstractReview: 181 refs.
Optimization of 1,2,5‐Thiadiazole Carbamates as Potent and Selective ABHD6 Inhibitors
Authors: Patel Jayendra Z. , Nevalainen Tapio J. , Savinainen Juha R. , Adams Yahaya , Laitinen Tuomo , Runyon Robert S. , Vaara Miia , Ahenkorah Stephen , Kaczor Agnieszka A. , Navia‐Paldanius Dina , Gynther Mikko , Aaltonen Niina , Joharapurkar Amit A. , Jain Mukul R. , Haka Abigail S. , Maxfield Frederick R. , Laitinen Jarmo T. , Parkkari Teija 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAt present, inhibitors of α/β‐hydrolase domain 6 (ABHD6) are viewed as a promising approach to treat inflammation and metabolic disorders. This article describes the development of 1,2,5‐thiadiazole carbamates as ABHD6 inhibitors. Altogether, 34 compounds were synthesized, and their inhibitory activity was tested using lysates of HEK293 cells transiently expressing human ABHD6 (hABHD6). Among the compound series, 4‐morpholino‐1,2,5‐thiadiazol‐3‐yl cyclooctyl(methyl)carbamate (JZP‐430) potently and irreversibly inhibited hABHD6 (IC50=44 nM) and showed ∼230‐fold selectivity over fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), the main off‐targets of related compounds. Additionally, activity‐based protein profiling indicated that JZP‐430 displays good selectivity among the serine hydrolases of the mouse brain membrane proteome. JZP‐430 has been identified as a highly selective, irreversible inhibitor of hABHD6, which may provide a novel approach in the treatment of obesity and type II diabetes.
N‐Substituted Phenothiazine Derivatives: How the Stability of the Neutral and Radical Cation Forms Affects Overcharge Performance in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Narayana Kishore Anand , Casselman Matthew D. , Elliott Corrine F. , Ergun Selin , Parkin Sean R. , Risko Chad , Odom Susan A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPhenothiazine and five N‐substituted derivatives were evaluated as electrolyte additives for overcharge protection in LiFePO4/synthetic graphite lithium‐ion batteries. We report on the stability and reactivity of both the neutral and radical‐cation forms of these six compounds. While three of the compounds show extensive overcharge protection, the remaining three last for only one to a few cycles. UV/Vis studies of redox shuttle stability in the radical cation form are consistent with the overcharge performance: redox shuttles with spectra that show little change over time exhibit extensive overcharge performance, whereas those with changing spectra have limited overcharge protection. In one case, we determined that a CN bond cleaves upon oxidation, forming the phenothiazine radical cation and leading to premature overcharge protection failure; in another case, poor solubility appears to limit protection.
Preparation of Pd–Co‐Based Nanocatalysts and Their Superior Applications in Formic Acid Decomposition and Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Qin Yu‐ling , Liu Ya‐cheng , Liang Fei , Wang Li‐min 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFormic acid (FA) and methanol, as convenient hydrogen‐containing materials, are most widely used for fuel cells. However, using suitable and low‐cost catalysts to further improve their energy performance still is a matter of great significance. Herein, PdCo and PdCo@Pd nanocatalysts (NCs) are successfully prepared by the facile method. Pd 3d binding energy decreases due to the presence of Co. Consequently, PdCo@Pd NCs exhibit high catalytic activity and selectivity toward FA dehydrogenation at room temperature. The gas‐generation rate at 30 min is 65.4 L h−1 g−1. PdCo/C has the worst catalytic performance in this reaction, despite the fact that it has a high gas‐generation rate in the initial 30 min. Furthermore, both PdCo and PdCo@Pd NCs have enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward methanol oxidation. Their maximum currents are 966 and 1205 mA mg−1, respectively, which is much higher than monometallic Pd/C.
Effect of Component Distribution and Nanoporosity in CuPt Nanotubes on Electrocatalysis of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guo Huizhang , Liu Xiang , Bai Chengdong , Chen Yuanzhi , Wang Laisen , Zheng Mingsen , Dong Quanfeng , Peng Dong‐Liang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPt‐based bimetallic electrocatalysts hold great potential in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in current fuel‐cell prototypes. However, they also face challenges from drastic dealloying of less‐noble metals and coalescence of small nanoparticles. Porous and structure‐ordered nanotubes may hold the potential to improve the stability of bimetallic electrocatalysts. Herein, we report a method to prepare CuPt nanotubes and porous Cu3Pt intermetallic nanorods through a controlled galvanic replacement reaction and heat treatment process. The effect of the geometric features and compositional segregation on the electrocatalysis of the ORR was clarified. The outstanding performance of the Cu3Pt/C‐700 catalyst in the ORR relative to that of CuPt/C‐RT was mainly attributed to the nanoporosity of the catalyst, whereas the enhanced specific activity on CuPt/C‐RT after potential cycling was attributed to the interaction between the CuPt alloyed core and the Pt shell in the tube wall.
Singlet‐Oxygen Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Continuous Flow
Authors: Heugebaert Thomas S. A. , Stevens Christian V. , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSinglet‐oxygen oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was performed in continuous flow mode using rose Bengal as photosensitizer. The resulting butenolide (H2MF) was formed selectively in high yield. The procedure proved to be scalable and applicable to related bio‐based furfurals. Furthermore, preliminary data show that H2MF can be readily isomerized thermally to 5‐hydroxy‐4‐keto‐pentenoic acid oligomers.
Artificial Flavin Systems for Chemoselective and Stereoselective Oxidations
Authors: Cibulka Radek 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFlavinium salts, both isoalloxazinium and alloxazinium derivatives, are useful organocatalysts of redox reactions, and particularly in recent years, the number of transformations catalysed by flavinium salts has increased. This review outlines the synthetic applications of flavinium catalysts in oxygenation reactions with oxygen and hydrogen peroxide as terminal oxidising agents; these oxidations involve flavin hydroperoxide as an intermediate, thus mimicking flavin monooxygenases. Special attention is paid to mechanistic studies and to the design of catalytic systems, especially the effects of the structures of flavinium catalysts, and reaction conditions on the efficiency, chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity of oxygenations.
1,2,5‐Chalcogenadiazole‐Annulated Tripyrazinoporphyrazines: Synthesis, Spectral Characteristics, and Influence of the Heavy Atom Effect on Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Svec Jan , Zimcik Petr , Novakova Lucie , Rakitin Oleg A. , Amelichev Stanislav A. , Stuzhin Pavel A. , Novakova Veronika 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of low‐symmetry ZnII, MgII, and metal‐free porphyrazine derivatives with one 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazole ring (with S, Se or Te) and three pyrazines bearing tert‐butylsulfanyls were synthesized. The absorption maxima of ZnII complexes lay at 660, 674, and 707 nm for S, Se, and Te, respectively, indicating increasing contribution of the 1,2,5‐chalcogenadiazole rings to the π‐electronic system. Photophysical studies revealed that introduction of Se as a chalcogen and ZnII as a central metal causes an increase in the singlet oxygen quantum yield, reaching a value of 0.81, whereas the combination of S and MgII gives only 0.39. This takes place on the account of the fluorescence quantum yields that differ significantly from 0.072 (ZnII+Se) to 0.51 (MgII+S). These results demonstrated the two‐dimensional heavy atom effect combining the role of the chalcogen (first dimension) as well as the central metal (second dimension). Attempts to prepare oxygen‐containing isologues led to the formation of an unexpected side product.
Investigation of the enantiomerization barriers of the phthalimidone derivatives EM12 and lenalidomide by dynamic electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Walz Sarah , Weis Sylvia , Franz Mareike , Rominger Frank , Trapp Oliver 
Published: December 2014

The phthalimidone derivatives EM12 and lenalidomide, which are both structurally related to thalidomide, are highly interesting drugs and very recently lenalidomide attracted great attention as an antitumor and immune‐modulating drug [1] in the therapy for multiple myeloma [2]. EM12 and lenalidomide are chiral, and the stereogenic carbon C‐3 in the piperidine‐2,6‐dione moiety of these phthalimidone derivatives is prone to interconversion due to keto–enol tautomerization. The knowledge of the enantiomerization barrier [3–47] is mandatory for pharmacokinetic studies and to develop a tailored therapy using the enantiopure or racemic drug. Here, we used dynamic EKC in combination with direct‐calculation methods to determine the enantiomerization barriers of EM12 and lenalidomide. The separations of the enantiomers of EM12 and lenalidomide were performed in 50 mM aqueous disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer at pH 8 and 50 mM aqueous sodium tetraborate buffer at pH 9.3, respectively, using 20 mg/mL heptakis‐(2,3‐diacetyl‐6‐sulfato)‐β‐CD as a chiral additive. Enantiomerization of the compounds during the electrokinetic chromatographic separation resulted in pronounced plateau formation between the well‐separated enantiomers. Peak form analysis of the experimentally obtained interconversion profiles yielded the enantiomerization rate constants k1 of EM12 and lenalidomide as well as the kinetic activation parameters ΔG‡, ΔH‡‡, and ΔS‡ of enantiomerization by the evaluation of temperature‐dependent measurements. The enantiomerization barrier ΔG‡ was determined to be 98.3 ± 1.0 kJ/mol; the activation parameters ΔH‡ = 46.1 ± 2.4 kJ/mol and ΔS‡ = −170 ± 61 J/(K·mol) for EM12 and ΔG‡ = 91.5 ± 1.0 kJ/mol, ΔH‡ = 62.4 ± 5.4 kJ/mol, and ΔS‡ = −98 ± 7 J/(K·mol) for lenalidomide. These findings were corroborated by density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP/3–21G level of theory of the ground state and intermediates considering an enantiomerization pathway via a keto–enol tautomerism.
Energy Utilization of Yellow Phosphorus Tail Gas: Simultaneous Catalytic Hydrolysis of Carbonyl Sulfide and Carbon Disulfide at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Kai , Song Xin , Ning Ping , Yi Honghong , Tang Xiaolong , Wang Chi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe CO in yellow phosphorus tail gas can be used as energy source in the one‐carbon chemical industry, but the harmful gases carbonyl sulfide (COS) and carbon disulfide (CS2) are in co‐existence with CO and so must be removed. Modified microwave coal‐based activated carbon (Fe/MCAC) loaded with different metal oxides was manufactured by a sol–gel process, and used for the simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis of COS and CS2 at low temperature (30–70 °C). The influences of Cu–Ni doping and reaction conditions on catalytic hydrolysis reaction were investigated. The results showed that the optimum addition agents are copper and nickel, and the best mole ratio of Fe/Cu/Ni was 10:2:0.5. The X‐ray diffractometry results show that the doping agent could control the generation of sulfate, which can suppress the hydrolysis activity of the catalysts. Further characterization revealed that larger specific surface areas and pore volumes are favorable and enhance the catalytic hydrolysis activities. The products of simultaneous catalytic hydrolysis (S/SO42− species) could block the pore structure and surface active sites, which leads to a decline of the catalytic hydrolysis activity. Excessively high reaction temperatures (>50 °C) could enhance the catalytic hydrolysis of COS but inhibit catalytic hydrolysis of CS2. Excessively high relative humidity (RH) and O2 content could lead to formation of more sulfates, and decrease the catalytic efficiencies towards simultaneous hydrolysis of COS and CS2.
Modeling food web structure and selenium biomagnification in lake macquarie, New South Wales, Australia, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes
Authors: Schneider Larissa , Maher William A. , Potts Jaimie , Taylor Anne M. , Batley Graeme E. , Krikowa Frank , Chariton Anthony A. , Gruber Bernd 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

As a consequence of coal-fired power station operations, elevated selenium concentrations have been reported in the sediments and biota of Lake Macquarie (New South Wales, Australia). In the present study, an ecosystem-scale model has been applied to determine how selenium in a seagrass food web is processed from sediments and water through diet to predators, using stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to establish the trophic position of organisms. Trophic position, habitat, and feeding zone were examined as possible factors influencing selenium bioaccumulation. Selenium concentrations ranged from 0.2 μg/g dry weight in macroalgae species to 12.9 μg/g in the carnivorous fish Gerres subfasciatus. A mean magnification factor of 1.39 per trophic level showed that selenium is biomagnifying in the seagrass food web. Habitat and feeding zone influenced selenium concentrations in invertebrates, whereas feeding zone was the only significant factor influencing selenium concentrations in fish. The sediment–water partitioning coefficient (Kd) of 4180 showed that partitioning of selenium entering the lake to particulate organic material (POM) is occurring, and consequently availability to food webs from POM is high. Trophic transfer factors (invertebrate = 1.9; fish = 1.2) were similar to those reported for other water bodies, showing that input source is not the main determinant of the magnitude of selenium bioaccumulation in a food web, but rather the initial partitioning of selenium into bioavailable POM. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:608–617. © 2014 SETAC
Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium following hip fracture repair: a systematic review
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Li Meng , Fafowora Tolulope M. , Inouye Sharon K. , Chen Cathy H. , Rosman Lori M. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Sieber Frederick E. , Puhan Milo A. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveSystematically identify preoperative clinical risk factors for incident postoperative delirium in individuals undergoing hip fracture repair in order to guide clinicians in identifying high risk patients at admission.MethodsThis is a systematic review of prospective observational studies with estimation of association between preoperative risk factors and incident postoperative delirium in multivariate models. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and WorldCatDissertations. Hand searches were conducted in selected journals and their supplements.ResultsSearch yielded 6380 titles and abstracts from electronic databases and 72 titles from hand searches, and 10 studies met inclusion criteria. The following risk factors were significant in bivariate models: cognitive impairment, age, gender, institutionalization, functional impairment, body mass index (BMI), albumin, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologist classification, acute medical conditions, polypharmacy, and vision impairment. Among all of these risk factors, cognitive impairment most consistently remained statistically significant after adjusting for other risk factors in multivariate models, followed by BMI/albumin and multiple comorbidities.ConclusionIn our systematic review, cognitive impairment was one of the strongest preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium after hip fracture surgery. Preoperative cognitive assessment may be one of the most useful methods of identifying those who are at high risk for postoperative delirium and prioritizing delivery of delirium prevention measures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective connectivity during episodic memory retrieval in schizophrenia participants before and after antipsychotic medication
Authors: Hutcheson Nathan L. , Sreenivasan Karthik R. , Deshpande Gopikrishna , Reid Meredith A. , Hadley Jennifer , White David M. , Ver Hoef Lawrence , Lahti Adrienne C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground: Impairment in episodic memory is one of the most robust findings in schizophrenia. Disruptions of fronto‐temporal functional connectivity that could explain some aspects of these deficits have been reported. Recent work has identified abnormal hippocampal function in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia (SZ), such as increased metabolism and glutamate content that are not always seen in medicated SZ. For these reasons, we hypothesized that altered fronto‐temporal connectivity might originate from the hippocampus and might be partially restored by antipsychotic medication. Methods: Granger causality methods were used to evaluate the effective connectivity between frontal and temporal regions in 21 unmedicated SZ and 20 matched healthy controls (HC) during performance of an episodic memory retrieval task. In 16 SZ, effective connectivity between these regions was evaluated before and after 1‐week of antipsychotic treatment. Results: In HC, significant effective connectivity originating from the right hippocampus to frontal regions was identified. Compared to HC, unmedicated SZ showed significant altered fronto‐temporal effective connectivity, including reduced right hippocampal to right medial frontal connectivity. After 1‐week of antipsychotic treatment, connectivity more closely resembled the patterns observed in HC, including increased effective connectivity from the right hippocampus to frontal regions. Conclusions: These results support the notion that memory disruption in schizophrenia might originate from hippocampal dysfunction and that medication restores some aspects of fronto‐temporal dysconnectivity. Patterns of fronto‐temporal connectivity could provide valuable biomarkers to identify new treatments for the symptoms of schizophrenia, including memory deficits. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1442–1457, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Striatal shape abnormalities as novel neurodevelopmental endophenotypes in schizophrenia: A longitudinal study
Authors: Chakravarty M. Mallar , Rapoport Judith L. , Giedd Jay N. , Raznahan Armin , Shaw Philip , Collins D. Louis , Lerch Jason P. , Gogtay Nitin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThere are varying, often conflicting, reports with respect to altered striatal volume and morphometry in the major psychoses due to the influences of antipsychotic medications on striatal volume. Thus, disassociating disease effects from those of medication become exceedingly difficult. For the first time, using a longitudinally studied sample of structural magnetic resonance images from patients with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS; neurobiologically contiguous with the adult onset form of schizophrenia), their nonpsychotic siblings (COSSIBs), and novel shape mapping algorithms that are volume independent, we report the familial contribution of striatal morphology in schizophrenia. The results of our volumetric analyses demonstrate age‐related increases in overall striatal volumes specific only to COS. However, both COS and COSSIBs showed overlapping shape differences in the striatal head, which normalized in COSSIBs by late adolescence. These results mirror previous studies from our group, demonstrating cortical thickness deficits in COS and COSSIBs as these deficits normalize in COSSIBs in the same age range as our striatal findings. Finally, there is a single region of nonoverlapping outward displacement in the dorsal aspect of the caudate body, potentially indicative of a response to medication. Striatal shape may be considered complimentary to volume as an endophenotype, and, in some cases may provide information that is not detectable using standard volumetric techniques. Our striatal shape findings demonstrate the striking localization of abnormalities in striatal the head. The neuroanatomical localization of these findings suggest the presence of abnormalities in the striatal‐prefrontal circuits in schizophrenia and resilience mechanisms in COSSIBs with age dependent normalization. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1458–1469, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecularly imprinted hollow sphere array for the sensing of proteins
Authors: Chen Wei , Xue Min , Shea Kenneth J. , Meng Zihui , Yan Zequn , Wang Zhe , Xue Fei , Qu Feng 
Published: December 2014

Mono‐dispersed molecularly imprinted hollow spheres (MIHSs) for hemoglobin (Hb) were prepared by employing silica nanospheres as the sacrificial templates. The obtained hollow spheres with uniform particle size of 360 nm in diameter were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The outstanding affinities of these MIHSs to the target protein were confirmed by adsorption experiment in aqueous solution. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 10 min while the binding capacity (Qmax) of Hb was 8.84 µmol g–1at pH7.0. Furthermore, the MIHSs were successfully assembled into a closely‐packed 3D colloidal array. The molecularly imprinted hollow sphere array (MIHSA) can selectively recognize Hb. As the concentration of Hb increased, the structure color of the MIHSA changed from blue to green, and turn to white finally with maximum red shift for 43 nm. The MIHSA showed promising potential for the naked‐eye detection of target Hb.Reflection spectra of the MIHSA in response to different Hb concentrations (0.075–15 µmol L–1)magnified imageReflection spectra of the MIHSA in response to different Hb concentrations (0.075–15 µmol L–1)