bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O SILENCIAMENTO DOS ÓRGÃOS OFICIAIS SOBRE A PEDAGOGIA HOSPITALAR NO PARANÁ: necessidade de políticas públicas efetivas
Authors: Ono Regiane Hissayo , De Paula Ercília Maria Angeli Teixeira 
Published: May 2015

<p class="EstiloResumo-Subttulo">O atendimento pedagógico hospitalar é um direito das crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos em fase de escolarização e está previsto em lei. Porém, as políticas públicas para a realização e acompanhamento desses trabalhos são insuficientes em nosso país. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como os órgãos oficiais do Estado do Paraná divulgam os atendimentos pedagógicos hospitalares nas cinco maiores cidades desse estado: Curitiba, Londrina, Maringá, Ponta Grossa e Cascavel. O referencial teórico foi a partir da legislação que abordam o direito dos cidadãos ao atendimento pedagógico hospitalar. A metodologia deste trabalho foi a revisão bibliográfica e a pesquisa <em>online,</em> que foi realizada por meio dos <em>sites</em> de órgãos oficiais das prefeituras, das Secretarias Municipais da Educação e da Saúde dessas cidades citadas. Na revisão bibliográfica, os resultados obtidos mostraram que existem diversas legislações que apontam e defendem o atendimento pedagógico para crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos hospitalizados no Brasil e no Paraná. Com relação à pesquisa <em>online</em>, foram encontradas poucas referências sobre esses atendimentos nos <em>sites</em> buscados. Todavia, embora os órgãos públicos não divulguem esses trabalhos através dos <em>sites</em> oficiais, foi possível encontrar referências desses atendimentos em artigos que apresentam a atuação de professores em hospitais destas cidades.</p>
Non-opiate pharmacotherapy options for the management of pain in older adults
Authors: Duncan Nakia A. , Mahan Rebecca J. , Turner Sarah J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Pain is highly prevalent, costly, and disabling in later life, especially when undertreated. In this article, we aim to describe the risks and benefits of non-opioid medication options for the management of pain in adults aged 65 years and older in order to provide additional options in a practitioner's tool box when designing a pain management regimen for an older adult. Non-opiate pharmacologic therapies, such as acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, topicals, and antidepressants have an important role in pain management of older adults. When designing a pain regimen, taking an individualized approach that considers the patient's functional status, comorbidities, and treatment goals will maximize pain management.
Alternative methods of pain management for the older adult population: Review of topical pain medications
Authors: Tavares Candice 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe older adult population is one of the fastest growing age groups in the United States. As this population continues to expand, determining the safest way to provide pain management has become increasingly important. More than 50% of community-dwelling older adults experience pain on a daily basis, and up to 83% of those in assisted living facilities experience persistent pain. Pain is exceedingly challenging to treat safely and effectively in the elderly because of the physiologic changes that occur as people age. In addition, many nonnarcotic medications with analgesic properties are listed in both the 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults and the Pharmacy Quality Alliance high-risk medications lists. An approach to the growing challenge of managing pain in the elderly that is gaining popularity among community-dwelling patients is the use of topical pain medications. The goal of this article is to review some of the available literature regarding the use of various topical analgesics alone or in combination, and to discuss their known or theoretical mechanisms of peripheral pain modulation. Commercially available or compounded topical pain medications may be used to replace or augment doses of oral medications in an effort to decrease the risk of adverse drug events for older adult patients. When prescribing topical pain medications physicians should consider the nature of the pain targeted, the type of analgesia expected from each ingredient, the potential for systemic absorption, and related side effects.
Known unknowns: A review of opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Authors: McGraw Dan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOpioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is a relatively new paradigm that has added to the already growing uncertainty surrounding long-term opioid treatment. OIH is the oversensitization to stimuli in the nervous system resulting from opioid exposure and subsequent neuroplastic changes. Because of its novelty and difficulty in identification, the true prevalence of OIH is unknown. Several mechanisms have been proposed for its development. These include changes in the N-methyl-D-aspartate system, descending pathway modulation, dynorphin activity, inflammatory changes mediated by cyclooxygenase, and increased sensitivity to excitatory neurochemicals. The clinical controversy regarding the management of OIH is due largely to the lack of guidance in diagnosis and lack of quality evidence to direct treatment. As a diagnosis of exclusion, several alternative causes of antianalgesia must be ruled out before OIH can be declared. Pharmacodynamic phenomena such as opioid tolerance share overlapping mechanisms with OIH and may present similarly. Pharmacokinetic changes such as drug-induced or disease-induced alterations to the cytochrome P450 or P-glycoprotein systems should also be excluded as causes of increased opioid demand that may be seen as OIH. Certain pharmacologic agents, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, alpha2 receptor agonists, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, have been identified as possible treatments to reverse the effects of OIH. Opioid rotation and dose reductions have also been used with some degree of success. Pharmacist involvement in the identification and management of OIH will be central to success because of the unique expertise they offer. The quality of these studies is limited by study design, small sample sizes, and lack of generalizability to chronic pain patients with long-standing opioid use.
Analysis of the horizontal two‐dimensional near‐surface structure of a winter tornadic vortex using high‐resolution in situ wind and pressure measurements
Authors: Kato Ryohei , Kusunoki Kenichi , Sato Eiichi , Mashiko Wataru , Inoue Hanako Y. , Fujiwara Chusei , Arai Ken‐ichiro , Nishihashi Masahide , Saito Sadao , Hayashi Syugo , Suzuki Hiroto 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe horizontal two‐dimensional near‐surface structure of a tornadic vortex within a winter storm was analyzed. The tornadic vortex was observed on 10 December 2012 by the high‐resolution in situ observational linear array of wind and pressure sensors (LAWPS) system in conjunction with a high‐resolution Doppler radar. The 0.1 s maximum wind speed and pressure deficit near the ground were recorded as 35.3 m s−1 and −3.8 hPa, respectively. The horizontal two‐dimensional distributions of the tornadic vortex wind and pressure were retrieved by the LAWPS data, which provided unprecedented observational detail on the following important features of the near‐surface structure of the tornadic vortex. Asymmetric convergent inflow toward the vortex center existed. Total wind speed was strong to the right and rear side of the translational direction of the vortex and weak in the forward part of the vortex possibly because of the strong convergent inflow in that region. The tangential wind speed profile of the vortex was better approximated using a modified Rankine vortex rather than the Rankine vortex both at 5 m above ground level (agl) and 100 m agl, and other vortex models (Burgers‐Rott vortex and Wood‐White vortex) were also compared. The cyclostrophic wind balance was violated in the core radius R0 and outside the core radius in the forward sector; however, it was held with a relatively high accuracy of approximately 14% outside the core of the vortex in the rearward sector (from 2 R0 to 5 R0) near the ground.
Numerical investigation of methane and formation fluid leakage along the casing of a decommissioned shale gas well
Authors: Nowamooz A. , Lemieux J.‐M. , Molson J. , Therrien R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMethane and brine leakage rates and associated time scales along the cemented casing of a hypothetical decommissioned shale gas well have been assessed with a multiphase flow and multicomponent numerical model. The conceptual model used for the simulations assumes that the target shale formation is 200 m thick, overlain by a 750 m thick caprock, which is in turn overlain by a 50 m thick surficial sand aquifer, the 1000 m geological sequence being intersected by a fully penetrating borehole. This succession of geological units is representative of the region targeted for shale gas exploration in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Québec, Canada). The simulations aimed at assessing the impact of well casing cementation quality on methane and brine leakage at the base of a surficial aquifer. The leakage of fluids can subsequently lead to the contamination of groundwater resources and/or, in the case of methane migration to ground surface, to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The minimum reported surface casing vent flow (measured at ground level) for shale gas wells in Quebec (0.01 m3/d) is used as a reference to evaluate the impact of well casing cementation quality on methane and brine migration. The simulations suggest that an adequately cemented borehole (with a casing annulus permeability kc
1 mD) can prevent methane and brine leakage over a time scale of up to 100 years. However, a poorly cemented borehole (kc
10 mD) could yield methane leakage rates at the base of an aquifer ranging from 0.04 m3/d to more than 100 m3/d, depending on the permeability of the target shale gas formation after abandonment and on the quantity of mobile gas in the formation. These values are compatible with surface casing vent flows reported for shale gas wells in the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada). The simulated travel time of methane from the target shale formation to the surficial aquifer is between a few months and 30 years, depending on cementation quality and hydrodynamic properties of the casing annulus. Simulated long‐term brine leakage rates after 100 years for poorly cemented boreholes are on the order of 10−5 m3/d (10 mL/d) to 10−3 m3/d (1 L/d). Based on scoping calculations with a well‐mixed aquifer model, these rates are unlikely to have a major impact on groundwater quality in a confined aquifer since they would only increase the chloride concentration in a pristine aquifer to 1 mg/L, which is significantly below the commonly recommended aesthetic objective of 250 mg/L for chloride.
Experimental mixtures of superparamagnetic and single‐domain magnetite with respect to Day‐Dunlop plots
Authors: Kumari Monika , Hirt Ann M. , Uebe Rene , Schüler Dirk , Tompa Éva , Pósfai Mihály , Lorenz Wolfram , Ahrentorp Fredrik , Jonasson Christian , Johansson Christer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDay‐Dunlop plots are widely used in paleomagnetic and environmental studies as a tool to determine the magnetic domain state of magnetite, i.e., superparamagnetic (SP), stable single‐domain (SD), pseudosingle‐domain (PSD), multidomain (MD), and their mixtures. The few experimental studies that have examined hysteresis properties of SD‐SP mixtures of magnetite found that the ratios of saturation remanent magnetization to saturation magnetization and the coercivity of remanence to coercivity are low, when compared to expected theoretical mixing trends based on Langevin theory. This study reexamines Day‐Dunlop plots using experimentally controlled mixtures of SD and SP magnetite grains. End‐members include magnetotactic bacteria (MSR‐1) as the SD source, and a commercial ferrofluid or magnetotactic bacteria (ΔA12) as the SP source. Each SP‐component was added incrementally to a SD sample. Experimental results from these mixing series show that the magnetization and coercivity ratios are lower than the theoretical prediction for bulk SP magnetic size. Although steric repulsion was present between the particles, we cannot rule out interaction in the ferrofluid for higher concentrations. The SP bacteria are noninteracting as the magnetite was enclosed by an organic bilipid membrane. Our results demonstrate that the magnetization and coercivity ratios of SD‐SP mixtures can lie in the PSD range, and that an unambiguous interpretation of particle size can only be made with information about the magnetic properties of the end‐members.
Geochemical heterogeneities in magma beneath Mount Etna recorded by 2001–2006 melt inclusions
Authors: Schiavi Federica , Rosciglione Alberto , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Kobayashi Katsura , Nakamura Eizo , Nuccio Pasquale Mario , Ottolini Luisa , Paonita Antonio , Vannucci Riccardo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present a geochemical study on olivine and clinopyroxene‐hosted melt inclusions (MIs) from 2001 to 2006 Etna basaltic lavas and pyroclastites. Three MI suites are distinguished on the basis of trace element fingerprinting. Type‐1 MIs (from 2001 Upper South and 2002 Northeast vents) share their trace element signature with low‐K lavas erupted before 1971. Critical trace element ratios (e.g., K/La, Ba/Nb), along with Pb isotope data of Type‐1 MIs provide evidence for a heterogeneous mantle source resulting from mixing of three end‐members with geochemical and isotopic characteristics of EM2, DMM, and HIMU components. Type‐1 MIs composition does not support involvement of subduction‐related components. Type‐2 (from 2001 Lower and 2002 South vents) and Type‐3 (2004 eruption) MIs reveal “ghost plagioclase signatures,” namely lower concentrations in strongly incompatible elements, and positive Sr, Ba, and Eu anomalies. Both Type‐1 and Type‐2 MIs occur in 2006 olivines, which highlight the occurrence of mixing between Type‐1 and Type‐2 end‐members. Type‐2/Type‐3 MIs testify to en route processes (plagioclase assimilation and volatile fluxing) peculiar for “deep dike fed” eruptions. The latter are strongly controlled by tectonics or flank instability that occasionally promote upraise of undegassed, more radiogenic primitive magma, which may interact with plagioclase‐rich crystal mush/cumulates before erupting. Type‐2/Type‐3 MIs approach the less radiogenic Pb isotopic composition of plagioclase from prehistoric lavas, thus suggesting geochemical overprinting of present‐day melts by older products released from distinct mantle sources. Our study emphasizes that MIs microanalysis offers new insights on both source characteristics and en route processes, allowing to a link between melt composition and magma dynamics.
Observations of magnetospheric high‐m poloidal waves by ST‐5 satellites in low Earth orbit during geomagnetically quiet times
Authors: Chi P. J. , Le G. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe poloidal waves with large azimuthal wave numbers (m) in the magnetosphere are known to be generated by drift or drift‐bounce resonance with energetic ring current particles, and these waves may play a role in modulating the energetic particles in the inner magnetosphere. When examining the magnetic field data collected by the NASA Space Technology 5 (ST‐5) satellites in the low Earth orbit, Le et al. (2011) discovered many wave events with frequencies of 30–200 mHz (in the Pc2 and Pc3 bands), and they proposed that these waves should, in fact, be Doppler‐shifted high‐m poloidal waves in the magnetosphere with frequencies at only a few millihertz (in the Pc5 band). Using a new method that examines the differences in wave phase detected by the three ST‐5 satellites, we confirm that the frequencies in the Earth frame for the poloidal waves observed are mainly between 3 and 5 mHz. Not only were poloidal waves observed frequently by ST‐5 in the dayside magnetosphere but they were also occasionally seen in the nightside when the satellites passed through the same L shells. In each wave event, the azimuthal wave number may change with L, but the wave frequency in the Earth frame remains the same. We also find that poloidal waves can last more than 9 h during geomagnetically quiet conditions, suggesting that even a very weak ring current can supply enough energetic particles to excite poloidal waves.
Impact: Development of a Radiological Mummy Database
Authors: Nelson Andrew John , Wade Andrew David 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe Internet Mummy Picture Archiving and Communication Technology (IMPACT) radiological and context database, is a large‐scale, multi‐institutional, collaborative research project devoted to the digital preservation and scientific study of mummified remains, and the mummification traditions that produced them, using non‐destructive medical imaging technologies. Owing to the importance of non‐destructive analyses to the study of mummified human remains, the IMPACT database, website, and wiki provide a basis for anthropological and palaeopathological investigations, grounded in the most current technological imaging and communication standards, accessible through any internet connection, and protected against rapidly changing media standards. Composed of paired online radiographic and contextual databases, the IMPACT project is intended to provide researchers with large‐scale primary data samples for anthropological and palaeopathological investigations. IMPACT addresses the limitations of the case‐study approach to mummified human remains and contributes to the development of standards of practice in imaging of mummified remains. Furthermore, IMPACT allows researchers a greater appreciation of, and engagement with, patterns of health and disease in ancient times as well as the variability present in the mummification traditions of ancient Egypt and other cultures that sought to preserve their dead for eternity. Anat Rec, 298:941–948, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paleoradiology of the Savoca Mummies, Sicily, Italy (18th–19th Centuries AD)
Authors: Piombino‐Mascali Dario , Jankauskas Rimantas , Zink Albert R. , Sergio Todesco M. , Aufderheide Arthur C. , Panzer Stephanie 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMummified remains have been successfully studied radiologically since the end of the 19th century, giving rise to a specific field of research—paleoradiology. In this paper, we present the results of the first radiological investigation of a collection of Sicilian mummies found in a subterranean chamber beneath the Capuchin Church of Savoca. The chamber contains a number of preserved bodies, either held in special niches in the walls or interred within coffins. A recent detailed radiological examination of these mummies allowed the authors to determine information relating to the funerary treatment and some of the pathological alterations witnessed in the remains. Specifically, evidence of gout and DISH was identified, along with frequent degenerative joint disease, suggestive of rich dietary habits and a longer life expectancy. These findings were interpreted in the light of historical information and the social status of the subjects concerned. Anat Rec, 298:988–1000, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forensic Palynological Analysis of Intestinal Contents of a Korean Mummy
Authors: Arguelles Paulette , Reinhard Karl , Shin Dong Hoon 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTExperimental studies show that pollen resides in the intestinal tract for a minimum of seven days to at least 21 days. Because of this long residence time, pollen analysis is an important avenue of forensic research. Pollen provides evidence of the environment of the decedent as well as foods and medicine. We analyzed a coprolite recovered from a Korean mummy. The decedent was a high‐ranking general who lived during the 16th or17th centuries. Twenty pollen types were recovered. These ranged from 100s to 10,000s of pollen grains per gram of coprolite. Importantly, comparison of the coprolite pollen spectrum to modern aeropalynology studies of Korea suggests that the general died in winter between middle November to late February. Economic pollen types were most abundant. Economic refers to dietary, medicinal, spice, and beverage types. Dietary pollen types include pollen from Oryza (rice), Eriogonum (buckwheat), Brassicaceae (mustard family), and Solanaceae (tomato‐chile pepper family). Pollen consistent with dandelion is present and may represent its use as food. Tens of thousands of grains from water plants, bur‐reed or cattail, dominate the pollen spectrum. We believe that this was introduced with water. The large numbers of water‐related pollen suggest that the general consumed broth, tea, or soup for a considerable time before death. Anat Rec, 298:1182–1190, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CT‐Based Assessment of Relative Soft‐Tissue Alteration in Different Types of Ancient Mummies
Authors: Sydler Christina , Öhrström Lena , Rosendahl Wilfried , Woitek Ulrich , Rühli Frank 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTMummification leads to alteration of soft‐tissue morphology. No research has focused specifically on differences in soft‐tissue shrinkage depending on mummification type. This study evaluated whether soft‐tissue alteration is dependent on type of mummification. A total of 17 human mummies have been investigated by computed tomography (CT). Samples included artificially embalmed ancient Egyptian mummies, naturally mummified South American corpses, ice mummies (including the Iceman, South Tyrol Museum of Archeology, Bolzano, Italy, ca. 3,300 BC), bog bodies and a desiccated mummy of possibly Asian provenance. The acquired data were compared to four contemporary bodies. The extent of soft‐tissue shrinkage was evaluated using CT data. Shrinkage was defined as soft‐tissue relative to area of bone (in number of voxels). Measurements were taken at 13 anatomically defined locations. Ice mummies show the highest degree of preservation. This finding is most likely explained due to frozen water within tissues. All other types of mummies show significantly (at P < 0.05) smaller relative area of preserved soft‐tissue. Variation between different anatomical structures (e.g., upper lip vs. mid‐femur) is significant, unlike variation within one compartment (e.g., proximal vs. distal humerus). Mummification type strongly affects the degree of soft‐tissue alteration, surprisingly mostly independent of overall historical age. These results highlight the unique morphological impact of taphonomy on soft‐tissue preservation and are of particular interest in tissue research as well as in forensics. Anat Rec, 298:1162–1174, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application and Limitations of Endoscopy in Anthropological and Archaeological Research
Authors: Beckett Ronald G. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of endoscopy in anthropological and archaeological research was been well documented in the literature. This article explores the varied settings in which endoscopy is beneficial in gathering visual data for interpretation related to cultural remains and artifacts. Endoscopic data may be used to assist in the pursuit of answering such bioanthropological questions as sex, age at death, presence of paleopathologies, dental conditions, and cultural practices. Endoscopy is often used to guide and document biopsy procedures as well as the retrieval of artifacts from within poorly accessible locations such as body cavities, coffins, or tombs. In addition, endoscopic data is used to examine such archaeological features as tomb structure and design. A contrast between the medical and anthropological approach is described. Endoscopic research is enhanced when applied in conjunction with additional varied imaging modalities. While invasive, endoscopy is a nondestructive methodological approach. As with all methods, endoscopy has application and interpretational limitations, which can be described as limitations resulting from instrumentation, and those arising from personnel less familiar with the various approaches to endoscopy in both field and laboratory settings. Anat Rec, 298:1125–1134, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.