bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncoding RNAs in Endocrine Malignancy
Authors: Kentwell Jessica , Gundara Justin S. , Sidhu Stan B. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractOnly recently has it been uncovered that the mammalian transcriptome includes a large number of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a variety of important regulatory roles in gene expression and other biological processes. Among numerous kinds of ncRNAs, short noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs, have been extensively investigated with regard to their biogenesis, function, and importance in carcinogenesis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have only recently been implicated in playing a key regulatory role in cancer biology. The deregulation of ncRNAs has been demonstrated to have important roles in the regulation and progression of cancer development. In this review, we describe the roles of both short noncoding RNAs (including microRNAs, small nuclear RNAs, and piwi-interacting RNAs) and lncRNAs in carcinogenesis and outline the possible underlying genetic mechanisms, with particular emphasis on clinical applications. The focus of our review includes studies from the literature on ncRNAs in traditional endocrine-related cancers, including thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies. The current and potential future applications of ncRNAs in clinical cancer research is also discussed, with emphasis on diagnosis and future treatment.
Identification of Clinically Relevant Molecular Subtypes in Colorectal Cancer: The Dawning of a New Era
Authors: Johnston Patrick G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In recent years, a number of protein and genomic-based biomarkers have begun to refine the prognostic information available for colorectal cancer (CRC) and predict defined patient groups that are likely to benefit from systemic treatment or targeted therapies. Of these, KRAS represents the first biomarker integrated into clinical practice for CRC. Microarray-based gene expression profiling has been used to identify prognostic signatures and, to a lesser extent, predictive signatures in CRC. Despite these advances, a number of major challenges remain. This article, which is based on a lecture delivered as part of the 2013 Bob Pinedo Cancer Care Prize, reviews the impact of molecular biomarkers on the management of CRC, emphasizing changes that have occurred in recent years, and focuses on potential mechanisms of patient stratification and opportunities for novel therapeutic development based on enhanced biological understanding of colorectal cancer.
The microbiology of Kocho: An Ethiopian Traditionally Fermented Food from Enset (Ensete ventricosum)
Authors: Karssa Tiruha Habte , Ali Kebede Abegaz , Gobena Edessa Negera 
Published: April 2014

Kocho is starchy food product obtained from a mixture of the scraped pulp of pseudo stem and pulverized corm of enset plant (Ensete ventricosum). Ensete ventricosum is a drought resistant plant and can be cultivated as an alternative food source for food security problem around the globe. This study was conducted to examine the fermentation process, the microbial dynamics and the physicochemical changes that occur during traditional fermentation of kocho. Survey on kocho fermentation was carried out at three localities in the vicinity of Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. Matured enset plants were purchased and processed and fermented following the traditional methods practiced by the Sidama (local people living in and around Hawasa City) women. Kocho samples were taken for microbiological and physicochemical analysis. The fermentation process was conducted in two Phases: Phase I (surface fermentation or without burring) and Phase II (pit fermentation or buried in pit) under five treatment conditions (kocho dough with traditional starter culture in bucket at surface or not buried in the pit, Kocho dough without traditional starter in bucket at surface or not buried, kocho dough with traditional starter culture in bucket buried in the pit, kocho dough without traditional starter culture in bucket buried in the pit and traditional kocho fermentation in pit). At Phase I, Aerobic mesophilic counts (AMC) were varied between 3.8 and 7.8 log CFU/g in all treatments. Correspondingly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts were varied between 2.3 to 9.5 and 2.1 to 8.3 log CFU/g respectively. The pH value ranged from 6.12 to 4.50. At Phase II, AMC showed decreasing trend and enterobacteriaceae were totally inhibited towards the end as pH value lowered. Inconsistent variation was observed on LAB and yeast counts. Results suggested that LAB and yeasts were identified as the major microorganisms responsible for the fermentation of kocho. The isolates need further investigation to identify to species and/or strain level and use in starter culture development. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i1.8716
Stuck to the Pole: Raven Virginia and the Redefinition of Burlesque in Calgary
Authors: Dunsdon Jamie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: Raven Virginia thinks of burlesque and exotic dance as “sisters who come from the same rich and beautiful history” but cautions against confusion between the two forms. Raven and her ensemble, The Garter Girls, gained experience vocalizing the distinction between their brand of revival burlesque and the style of stripping, or “exotic dance,” performed at strip clubs when, in 2010, the provincial liquor commission categorized both performance styles as “nude entertainment” under its licensing guidelines. This article explores the impact of that decision on burlesque performance in Calgary, examines public (mis)perceptions of revival burlesque, and defines the artistic values and performance aesthetics that differentiate revival burlesque from exotic dance, using the Calgary burlesque scene as a case study. It also outlines some of the challenges of setting standards of quality within an artistic practice that has little internal hierarchy and rarely receives external review.
Influence of Co3O4 addition on the ionic conductivity and microstructural properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ)
Authors: Aktas Bulent , Tekeli Suleyman 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, 0 – 15 wt.% Co3O4 powders were added to 8 mol.% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (8YSZ) powders in order to determine the effect of Co3O4 addition and amount on the microstructure, sintering, and electrical properties of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia. Colloidal processing was used to ensure uniform mixing of the powders and to obtain a homogeneous microstructure. X-ray diffraction results showed that the average lattice parameter of the yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia decreased from 5.146 Å to 5.135 Å upon Co3O4 addition, and that the lattice parameter did not change above a Co3O4 content of 1 wt.%. The initial decrease in the lattice parameter is attributable to the smaller ionic radius of Co3+ dissolved in the yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia matrix. The electrical conductivity of the specimens was measured using a frequency response analyzer in the range of 100 mHz – 13 MHz and 300 – 800 °C. Grain boundary conductivity of yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia was found to be enhanced with increasing Co3O4 addition, with the presence of electronically conductive cobalt oxide at grain boundary triple points increasing the grain boundary conductivity, due to an increase in the Co3+ and Co2+ electronic charge carrier ions.
Wear resistance and fracture mechanics of WC–Co composites
Authors: Kaytbay Saleh , El-Hadek Medhat 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Manufacturing of WC–Co composites using the electroless precipitation method at different sintering temperatures of 1 100, 1 250, 1 350 and 1 500 °C was successfully achieved. The chemical composition of the investigated materials was 90 wt.% WC with 10 wt.% Co, and 80 wt.% WC with 20 wt.% Co. The specific density, densification, and Vickers microhardness measurements were found to increase with increased sintering temperature for both the WC–Co compositions. The composites of tungsten carbide with 10 wt.% Co had a higher specific density and Vickers microhardness measurements than those for the composites of tungsten carbide with 20 wt.% Co. Composites with WC-10 wt.% Co had better wear resistance. The stress–strain and transverse rupture strength increased monotonically with the increase in sintering temperatures, agreeing with the material hardness and wear resistance behavior. Fractographical scanning electron microscopy analysis of the fracture surface demonstrated a rough characteristic conical shape failure in the direction of the maximum shear stress. A proposed mechanism for the formation of the conical fracture surface under compression testing is presented.
Cutting Edge: The Transcription Factor Bob1 Counteracts B Cell Activation and Regulates miR-146a in B Cells
Authors: Lindner John M. , Kayo Hiroyuki , Hedlund Sebastian , Fukuda Yoko , Fukao Taro , Nielsen Peter J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Mice lacking the lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Bob1 (also called OBF-1 or OCA-B) fail to generate germinal centers and a robust Ig response. We show that peripheral B cells in Bob1−/− mice bear characteristics of chronically activated or anergic-like B cells and identify the immunosuppressive microRNA-146a, together with other microRNAs, as novel transcriptional targets of Bob1. The inability to restrict B cell signaling could contribute to the immunodeficient phenotype of these mice and is consistent with an important role for Bob1 in suppressing B cell activation in vivo.
Disease Association and Arthritogenic Potential of Circulating Antibodies against the α1,4-Polygalacturonic Acid Moiety
Authors: Dai Hui , Dong Hong-Liang , Gong Fang-Yuan , Sun Shu-Liang , Liu Xiang-Yuan , Li Zhan-Guo , Xiong Si-Dong , Gao Xiao-Ming 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Much progress has been made in recent years on the diagnostic value, Ag specificity, and pathogenic roles of autoantibodies correlated to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans. However, carbohydrate Ag-specific autoantibodies that may also play important roles in RA have largely been ignored. In this article, we report that serum levels of Abs capable of recognizing α1,4-polygalacturonic acid [(PGA); major structural component of pectin] strongly correlate with RA in humans. The measurements of PGA-specific Abs (PGA-Abs) in sera are comparable to rheumatoid factors and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide Abs as serological diagnostic markers for RA in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Immunohistochemical staining results indicate that the PGA-Abs selectively bound synovial membrane cells and chondrocytes in the joints of both humans and rabbits (but not rodents). Induction of PGA-Abs by s.c. immunization of rabbits with carrier protein–conjugated synthetic PGA led to severe inflammatory reactions (synovial hyperplasia, small vessel proliferation, and inflammatory cell infiltration) in the joints. Injection of affinity purified anti-PGA IgG into the synovial cavity of rabbits resulted in accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-1β in synovial fluid, as well as local pathological damage. We conclude that the PGA–cross-reactive moiety represents a major autoantigen in the joints and can be targeted by autoantibodies capable of triggering arthritogenic responses in vivo.
Revisiting intra-arterial drug delivery for treating brain diseases or is it “déjà-vu, all over again”?
Authors: Joshi Shailendra , Ellis Jason , Emala Charles 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor over six decades intra-arterial (IA) drugs have been sporadically used for the treatment of lethal brain diseases. In recent years considerable advance has been made in the IA treatment of retinoblastomas, liver and locally invasive breast cancers, but relatively little progress has been made in the treatment of brain cancers. High resting blood flow and the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), makes IA delivery to the brain tissue far more challenging, compared to other organs. The lack of advance in the field is also partly due to the inability to understand the complex pharmacokinetics of IA drugs as it is difficult to track drug concentrations in sub-second time frame by conventional chemical methods. The advances in optical imaging now provide unprecedented insights into the pharmacokinetics of IA drug and optical tracer delivery. Novel delivery methods, improved IA drug formulations, and optical pharmacokinetics, present us with untested paradigms in pharmacology that could lead to new therapeutic interventions for brain cancers and stroke. The object of this review is to bring into focus the current practice, problems, and the potential of IA drug delivery for treating brain diseases. A concerted effort is needed at basic sciences (pharmacology and drug imaging), and translational (drug delivery techniques and protocol development) levels by the interventional neuroradiology community to advance the field.
Rate and reasons for elective ventilation in patients undergoing intracranial tumour surgery
Authors: Mahajan Charu , Rath Girija , Sharma Manish , Dube Surya , Rajagopalan Vanitha , Bithal Parmod 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Mechanical ventilation (MV) after neurosurgery is often decided by the preoperative neurological status of the patient. However, there is paucity of information regarding factors responsible for continuation of MV in these patients. This study was carried out to identify the indications and risk factors for elective ventilation after intracranial tumour surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out on consecutive adult patients who underwent elective craniotomy for tumour excision, and postoperatively required MV. Data on anaesthesia technique, duration of anaesthesia and surgery, blood loss and transfusion and volume of fluids infused were noted. Intraoperative complications like tight brain, massive blood loss, brainstem handling, cranial nerve handling, haemodynamic instability, cardiac arrhythmias, venous air embolism, electrolyte abnormality and hypothermia were also recorded. Statistical analysis was done using Strata 9.0 software. Categorical data was analysed using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test and continuous data by Student's t-test. Results: A total of 709 patients enrolled for the study over a period of one year out of which 347 patients (48.9%) required continuation of MV during the postoperative period. The mean duration of MV was 29.7 ± 39.7 hrs. The most common causes for postoperative MV were ‘not responding to commands’ (43.2%), and neurosurgeon's advice (41.8%). The mean ICU and hospital stays were 92.2 ± 134.0 hrs and 13.8 ± 16.5 days, respectively. 47.6% of patients who required postoperative MV on neurosurgeon's advice developed complications whereas it was 33.2% for those ventilated other reasons (P < 0.05). Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at discharge was poor in 12.4%. On multivariate analysis, intraoperative blood transfusion, tracheostomy and duration of ventilation more than 48 hrs were the independent risk factors associated with poor outcome. Conclusions: Although the neurosurgeon's advice for elective ventilation should not be ignored, but prolonged and avoidable MV may exacerbate the postoperative morbidities apart from increasing the cost of treatment. Hence, a complete understanding of intraoperative events, cerebral physiology and various factors influencing it during the perioperative period may not be overemphasised.
Anaesthetic management of patients undergoing surgery for Moyamoya disease – our institutional experience
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Prabhakar Hemanshu , Rath Girija , Bithal Parmod 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disorder, defined as the progressive stenosis or occlusion of the intracranial vessels. Because of the insecure cerebral circulation, these patients represent an anaesthetic challenge. Literature is scarce on the anaesthetic management of MMD, especially from the Indian subcontinent. The main objective of our study was to evaluate the peri-operative course and outcome of patients undergoing surgery for MMD. Materials and Methods: We analysed available medical records of all patients who underwent revascularisation surgeries for MMD over a period of 10 years (January 2002 to June 2012). Various intra- and post-operative data related to anaesthesia were recorded. The patients for the analysis were divided into two groups: Group 1, paediatrics (<18 years) and group 2, adults (≥18 years). Data are presented as number (%) or mean ± SD or median (range). Results: There were 36 patients (12 adults and 24 children). Normotension, normovolaemia, normo- or mild-hypercapnia and normothermia were maintained in all patients. No patient developed complications or new neurological deficit in the post-operative period. All patients were discharged with a full Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and no new neurologic deficit. Conclusion: Although the incidence of MMD is not high in India, it is an important cause of cerebral stroke in children and adults. Proper pre-operative evaluation is the most effective method to achieve good results. Anaesthetic management of MMD should focus on the maintenance of adequate cerebral blood flow and cerebral perfusion pressure ensuring adequate cerebral oxygenation to avoid ischaemic complications.
Unilinguisme québécois et bilinguisme acadien : les politiques linguistiques du Parti québécois et du Parti acadien, 1970-1978
Authors: Poplyansky Michael 
Published: April 2014

Le présent article compare la politique linguistique du Parti québécois (PQ) avec celle du Parti acadien (PA) pendant les années 1970. Ces deux formations partagent le même objectif fondamental : fonder un État national. Pourtant, le PQ voue une attention considérable à la politique linguistique, ce qui n’est pas du tout le cas pour son homologue acadien. Selon nous, cela traduit une mentalité de minoritaires qui persiste chez les militants du PA. Même s’ils veulent que les Acadiens forment une majorité démographique au sein d’un État national, ils sont entièrement tournés vers la survie de leur propre groupe ethnoculturel. Ils ne peuvent accepter le fait qu’ils constituent une « majorité » normale, capable d’imposer sa langue à l’Autre.
Sur la piste de Magali Michelet, femme de lettres et chroniqueuse de l’Ouest canadien
Authors: Rao Sathya , Lacroix Denis 
Published: April 2014

Cet article pose les jalons pour l’analyse de l’oeuvre méconnue de Marie Louise (Magali de son nom de plume) Michelet, femme de lettres d’origine française ayant vécu une dizaine d’années en Alberta. En plus d’avoir signé une pièce de théâtre ainsi qu’un roman épistolaire, Magali est l’auteure d’une chronique intitulée « Le Coin féminin », qui a paru pendant près de dix ans dans l’hebdomadaire francophone Le Courrier de l’Ouest. Ayant correspondu avec des journalistes québécoises de renom comme Robertine Barry (alias Françoise), Magali s’est imposée comme une référence incontournable de la vie littéraire franco-albertaine du début du xxe siècle. Attirée par le milieu en pleine effervescence des lettres québécoises, Magali a épousé la cause canadienne-française tout en assumant pleinement ses origines françaises. Ainsi au fil de ses chroniques, Magali est parvenue à jeter un pont unique entre la France, le Québec et l’Alberta.
Responsabilité sociale d’une entreprise publique : une formalisation du jeu des acteurs (note de recherche)
Authors: Donsimoni Myriam , Labaronne Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Nous étudions le comportement de managers d’une entreprise publique, l’Office Chérifien des Phosphates, et d’élus locaux engagés dans une relation de RSE. Quels sont les fondements théoriques de ce type de relation et les stratégies de ces acteurs ? Nous formalisons, à partir de la théorie des jeux, l’influence des managers de l’OCP sur l’action des élus. Cette influence s’exerce soit par la coopération, soit par le contrôle. Elle peut déboucher sur de l’asymétrie informationnelle générée par les élus. Nous examinons l’attitude des managers de l’OCP confrontés à cette situation biaisée pour en tirer des enseignements managériaux.
Quel lien entre la mémoire des organisations et l’efficacité de l’improvisation ? Résultats d’une enquête longitudinale
Authors: Chédotel Frédérique , Vignikin Aristide 
Published: April 2014

Le concept d’improvisation organisationnelle s’est diffusé pour comprendre comment il est possible d’agir en temps réel dans un contexte d’incertitude et de pression temporelle. Les recherches actuelles soulèvent la question de la mémoire organisationnelle : face à des situations inédites, il s’agit de capitaliser des connaissances, pour explorer des solutions en temps réel. Comment une organisation peut-elle mobiliser ce répertoire de connaissances pour improviser efficacement ? A partir des situations d’improvisation, comment peut-elle le renforcer ? Pour répondre à ces questions, cet article s’appuie sur les résultats de l’étude de cas longitudinale de deux ONG confrontées à une urgence humanitaire.
La recherche herméneutique en management face à la juridictionnalisation de l’activité scientifique : analyse du problème et exploration de réponses
Authors: Joyeau Anne , Robert-Demontrond Philippe 
Published: April 2014

L’objectif de cet article est de pointer le développement actuel d’un « tournant éthique » en sciences sociales, impliquant celles de gestion; de montrer que ce tournant est pris en des termes qui relèvent d’une juridictionnalisation de la recherche - dans la continuité du modèle de gouvernance progressivement mis en place dans les sciences biomédicales; de poser les bases d’un débat critique sur cette orientation. Nous montrons que l’importation et l’application de ce système posent, pour les recherches herméneutiques en particulier, très largement utilisées en management, plus de problèmes qu’elles n’apportent de solutions. Nous proposons en final plusieurs pistes alternatives.
Stratégie de coopétition et performance de marché : une étude empirique
Authors: Le Roy Frédéric , Sanou Famara Hyacinthe 
Published: April 2014

Très peu de travaux établissent une relation entre les stratégies de coopétition et la performance de l’entreprise. Aucun de ces travaux ne met à jour l’impact des stratégies de coopétition sur la performance comparativement à l’impact des stratégies agressive et coopérative.
Afin de combler ce vide, cette recherche étudie l’impact des stratégies coopétitives sur les performances de marché, comparativement à celui des stratégies agressive et coopérative. Les résultats montrent que les stratégies agressive, coopérative et coopétitive sont significativement distinctes; de même que la performance de marché dépend de la stratégie adoptée par la firme vis-à-vis de ses concurrents.