bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ocean's eleven: a critical evaluation of the role of population, evolutionary and molecular genetics in the management of wild fisheries
Authors: Ovenden Jennifer R , Berry Oliver , Welch David J , Buckworth Rik C , Dichmont Catherine M 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSignificant changes have occurred in the well‐established partnership between fisheries managers and geneticists over the last 50 years. It is therefore timely to review and recalibrate the ways in which genetic technologies can assist the fishing industry to maintain productive and sustainable harvests. Our objective is to contribute to the mutual understanding of all stakeholders in the genetics–management partnership. Genetic technologies that are relevant to fisheries management are grouped into eleven themes, which are described in plain language for a non‐specialist audience. The role that the genetic information plays in fisheries management is explained, along with an assessment of the challenges and barriers that may be preventing the uptake of the information into the fisheries management process. The compelling conclusion is that genetics offers a diverse collection of versatile and useful tools for informing fisheries managers about issues that have a biological basis. Presently, mainstream use of genetic tools focuses on a narrow set of fisheries management issues, but the diversity of genetic tools and the novel issues they can address indicates that uptake will grow, particularly as communication between geneticists and end‐users improves.
Dental procedures in patients treated with antiplatelet or oral anticoagulation therapy – an anonymous survey
Authors: Ringel Reingard , Maas Renke 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate how German dentists adhere to recommendations regarding dental treatment of patients taking antiplatelet or oral anticoagulation therapy for cardiovascular protection.BackgroundDiscontinuation of antiplatelet or oral anticoagulation therapy prior to dental procedures is usually not recommended because the risk of thromboembolic events is higher than that of significant procedure‐related bleeding.Materials and methodsAn anonymous questionnaire regarding the handling of and experiences with patients taking aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or vitamin‐K‐antagonists (phenprocoumon) was distributed to approximately 4500 dentists attending the national German Dentists Day 2011.ResultsOf 146 dentists who completed the questionnaire 77.4% and 27.6% stated that they perform tooth extractions under continued therapy with aspirin or vitamin‐K‐antagonists, respectively. When asked regarding the INR or Quick values, they require for tooth extractions in patients taking oral anticoagulants 29.5% of the dentists provided values that were outside the safe range (INR ≤1.5 or ≥3.5) and 90.7% accepted values too old to be clinically reliable. For pain relief after dental procedures, 71.2% of the dentists recommended ibuprofen notwithstanding the fact that it attenuates protective effects of aspirin and 10.2% would discontinue aspirin and prescribe ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen).ConclusionDespite similar recommendations the majority of dentists perform tooth extractions in patients taking aspirin but not in patients taking vitamin‐K‐antagonists. Moreover, a potentially unfavourable drug interaction of aspirin and ibuprofen is frequently not considered. In patients taking vitamin‐K‐antagonists too many dentists rely on laboratory values that are too old or outside the recommended range.
The impact of oral health on body image and social interactions among elders in long‐term care
Authors: Donnelly Leeann R. , Clarke Laura Hurd , Phinney Alison , MacEntee Michael I. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore how social interactions and body image are influenced by perceived oral health among older people who live in long‐term care facilities.BackgroundSocial interactions among frail elders in long‐term care (LTC) facilities are limited, but to what extent body image and oral health influence their social relations is poorly understood. A positive body image and the perception of adequate oral health are linked to increased social contacts, as well as improved health and well‐being irrespective of age. However, as frailty increases, it is unclear whether appearance and oral health priorities remain stable.Materials and MethodsOpen‐ended interviews were conducted with a purposefully selected group of cognitively intact, older men and women who exhibited varying degrees of frailty, social engagement and oral health conditions and lived in one of seven long‐term care facilities. The interviews were analysed using a constant comparative technique, and a second interview with participants checked the trustworthiness of the analysis.ResultsThree major categories were expressed by the participants: (1) My mouth is fine; (2) It depends; and (3) Not that important. Within each category, there were several contributing and influencing factors.ConclusionsSocial interactions among residents in LTC may be negatively impacted by poor oral health, but only if other personal and social issues are less bothersome than conditions with the mouth.
An Appropriate Cutoff Value for Determining the Colonization of Helicobacter pylori by the Pyrosequencing Method: Comparison with Conventional Methods
Authors: Kim Jaeyeon , Kim Nayoung , Jo Hyun Jin , Park Ji Hyun , Nam Ryoung Hee , Seok Yeong‐Jae , Kim Yeon‐Ran , Kim Joo Sung , Kim Jung Mogg , Kim Jung Min , Lee Dong Ho , Jung Hyun Chae 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundSequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene has improved the characterization of microbial communities. It enabled the detection of low abundance gastric Helicobacter pylori sequences even in subjects that were found to be H. pylori negative with conventional methods. The objective of this study was to obtain a cutoff value for H. pylori colonization in gastric mucosa samples by pyrosequencing method.Materials and MethodsGastric mucosal biopsies were taken from 63 subjects whose H. pylori status was determined by a combination of serology, rapid urease test, culture, and histology. Microbial DNA from mucosal samples was amplified by PCR using universal bacterial primers. 16S rDNA amplicons were pyrosequenced. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the cutoff value for H. pylori colonization by pyrosequencing. In addition, temporal changes in the stomach microbiota were observed in eight initially H. pylori‐positive and eight H. pylori‐negative subjects at a single time point 1–8 years later.ResultsOf the 63 subjects, the presence of H. pylori sequences was detected in all (28/28) conventionally H. pylori‐positive samples and in 60% (21/35) of H. pylori‐negative samples. The average percent of H. pylori reads in each sample was 0.67 ± 1.09% in the H. pylori‐negative group. Cutoff value for clinically positive H. pylori status was approximately 1.22% based on ROC curve analysis (AUC = 0.957; p < .001). Helicobacter pylori was successfully eradicated in five of seven treated H. pylori‐positive subjects (71.4%), and the percentage of H. pylori reads in these five subjects dropped from 1.3–95.18% to 0–0.16% after eradication.ConclusionThese results suggest that the cutoff value of H. pylori sequence percentage for H. pylori colonization by pyrosequencing could be set at approximately 1%. It might be helpful to analyze gastric microbiota related to H. pylori sequence status.
Animal Model Reveals Potential Waterborne Transmission of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Boehnke Kevin F. , Eaton Kathryn A. , Valdivieso Manuel , Baker Laurence H. , Xi Chuanwu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori infection has been consistently associated with lack of access to clean water and proper sanitation, but no studies have demonstrated that the transmission of H. pylori can occur from drinking contaminated water. In this study, we used a laboratory mouse model to test whether waterborne H. pylori could cause gastric infection.Materials and MethodsGroups of immunocompetent C57/BL6 Helicobacter‐free mice were exposed to static concentrations (1.29 × 105, 106, 107, 108, and 109 CFU/L) of H. pylori in their drinking water for 4 weeks. One group of Helicobacter‐free mice was exposed to uncontaminated water as a negative control. H. pylori morphology changes in water were examined using microscopy Live/Dead staining. Following exposure, H. pylori infection and inflammation status in the stomach were evaluated using quantitative culture, PCR, the rapid urease test, and histology.ResultsNone of the mice in the negative control or 105 groups were infected. One of 20 cages (one of 40 mice) of the 106 group, three of 19 cages (four of 38 mice) of the 107 CFU/L group, 19 of 20 cages (33 of 40 mice) of the 108 group, and 20 of 20 cages (39 of 40 mice) of the 109 CFU/L group were infected. Infected mice had significantly higher gastric inflammation than uninfected mice (27.86% higher inflammation, p < .0001).ConclusionsWe offer proof that H. pylori in water is infectious in mice, suggesting that humans drinking contaminated water may be at risk of contracting H. pylori infection. Much work needs to be performed to better understand the risk of infection from drinking H. pylori‐contaminated water.
Distribution, diversity gradients and Rapoport's elevational rule in the black scavenger flies of the Swiss Alps (Diptera: Sepsidae)
Authors: Rohner Patrick T. , Bächli Gerhard , Pollini Paltrinieri Lucia , Duelli Peter , Obrist Martin K. , Jochmann Ralf , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Elevational gradients influence the distribution and abundance of species drastically and can lead to variation in community composition. Although coprophagous flies are of ecological and economic importance, their biodiversity and distribution are largely neglected. We studied the impact of steep elevational gradients and geography on the distribution of sepsid flies in the Swiss Alps.

Sepsidae are a family of acalyptrate flies strongly associated with decaying organic matter and vertebrate dung, and characterised by a high extent of sympatry in their breeding substrates. Historical, haphazardly sampled specimens from 116 locations covering an elevational range from 200 to 2000 m were available in ethanol collections of various Swiss museums.

Nineteen species encompassing all native genera (Meroplius, Nemopoda, Saltella, Sepsis and Themira) were recorded. Local species richness increased linearly with elevation, while area‐corrected regional species richness of elevational belts increased asymptotically. Species occurring at higher altitudes had lower wing loadings and greater elevational ranges than lowland species, supporting Rapoport's elevational rule.

Despite compositional similarities, the sepsid communities of the northern lowlands differed significantly from the alpine sepsid fauna. The southern lowlands were particularly differentiated in community composition due to a number of presumably thermophilic species that predominantly occur south of the Alps.

Relative abundances of several species were thus strongly affected by elevation and climatic variables. We illustrate the impact of elevational gradients and geography on a community of closely related, often sympatric species, and discuss potential mechanisms of niche partitioning via temporal succession, thermal adaptation and differential resource use.
Effect of different fixative solutions on eyes with experimental proliferative vitreoretinopathy
Authors: Nassar Khaled , Lüke Julia , Lüke Matthias , Kamal Mahmoud , Soliman Mahmoud M. , Grisanti Salvatore , Grisanti Swaantje 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different fixatives on the reliability of histopathological changes in a rabbit model of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Twenty eyes from 10 rabbits were divided into four groups. The right eyes were used in two experimental groups (each n = 5), and the left, in two control groups (each n = 5). Using a newly developed scleral incision marker, an oblique scleral incision was standardized in the experimental groups, followed by intravitreal injection of 0.4 ml autologous blood and the left for wound repair for four weeks. Eyes were enucleated at four weeks. The groups differed in the type of used fixative solution (formaldehyde 4% vs. 1% buffered formaldehyde and 1.25% glutaraldehyde). The eyes were evaluated for the development of fibrosis, retinal detachment (RD), and processed for histopathology. Fibrous ingrowth of a variable degree was present in the experimental groups originating from the trauma site. Experimental eyes fixed with formaldehyde 4% had RD extension that was greater than that fixed in formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde mixture; however, the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.15). This difference was not fully explained by the fibrosis which developed. In addition, in control groups, formaldehyde 4% induced a fixative‐dependent retinal separation that was absent in eyes fixed with formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde mixture (P = 0.03). In conclusion, a mixture of buffered formaldehyde 1% and glutaraldehyde 1.25% combined with standardized scleral incision resulted in consistent pathological changes. A reliable PVR model is a condition sine qua non to evaluate antifibrotic treatment strategies.
Hyperlactataemia and clinical severity of acute metformin overdose
Authors: McNamara K. , Isbister G. K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAlthough metformin‐associated lactic acidosis is well described, there is less information on metformin overdose and whether it is of similar severity.AimsThis study aims to describe the clinical features, laboratory investigations and outcome of acute metformin overdoses.MethodsRetrospective case series of acute metformin overdoses (>3 g) admitted to a toxicology unit over 20 years. Cases were identified from a prospective database and data extracted included demographics, dose, coingestants, clinical effects, investigations, treatment and outcomes.ResultsThere were 36 acute metformin overdose cases. Median age 41 years old (15–68 years old); 25 were female. Median ingested dose was 10 g (interquartile range (IQR): 5–16.1 g; range: 3.5–50 g), with coingestants taken in 34 presentations. Gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 12/36, tachycardia in 10, bradycardia in three, hypotension in four and hypoglycaemia in eight. Hypotension and bradycardia were consistent with coingestants taken. Blood pH and lactate levels were available in 25/36. Median lowest pH was 7.35 (IQR: 7.28–7.38) and acidosis (pH < 7.35) occurred in 11/25. Median peak lactate was 3.9 mmol/L (IQR: 2.6–5.2 mmol/L). There was a statistical association between dose and lactate (r = 0.51; P = 0.01) and dose and pH (r = −0.70; P = 0.0001). Hyperlactataemia (lactate >2 mmol/L) without acidosis occurred in 10/25, and hyperlactataemia with acidosis in 11/25; five had lactic acidosis. The median time to peak lactate in 10 presentations with peak lactate >2 was 6 h (2–19 h). There were six intensive care unit admissions, one for lactic acidosis, and five related to coingestants. There were no deaths.ConclusionMetformin overdose is characterised by hyperlactataemia and minor gastrointestinal effects, with a few large ingestions progressing to lactic acidosis. Coingestants are common and may dominate toxicity.
Strengthening healthcare delivery in Haiti through nursing continuing education
Authors: Clark M. , Julmisse M. , Marcelin N. , Merry L. , Tuck J. , Gagnon A.J. 
Published: February 2015

AimThe aim of this paper was to (1) highlight nursing continuing education as a key initiative for strengthening healthcare delivery in low‐resource settings, and (2) provide an example of a nursing continuing education programme in Haiti.BackgroundHaiti and other low‐resource settings face extreme challenges including severe shortages of healthcare workers, high rates of nurse out‐migration and variations in nurse competency at entry‐to‐practice. Nursing continuing education has the potential to address these challenges and improve healthcare delivery through enhanced nurse performance and retention; however, it is underutilized in low‐resource settings.MethodsA case study is presented from the Hôpital Universitaire de Mirebalais in Mirebalais, Haiti of a new nursing continuing education programme called the Beyond Expert Program.ResultsThe case study highlights eight key dimensions of nursing continuing education in low‐resource settings: (1) involving local stakeholders in planning process, (2) targeting programme to nurse participant level and area of care, (3) basing course content on local context, (4) including diverse range of nursing topics, (5) using participatory teaching methods, (6) addressing resource constraints in time and scheduling, (7) evaluating and monitoring outcomes, and (8) establishing partnerships. The case study provides guidance for others wishing to develop programmes in similar settings.ConclusionCreating a nursing continuing education programme in a low‐resource setting is possible when there is commitment and engagement for nursing continuing education at all levels of the organization.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyOur report suggests a need for policy‐makers in resource‐limited settings to make greater investments in nursing continuing education as a focus of human resources for health, as it is an important strategy for promoting nurse retention, building the knowledge and skill of the existing nursing workforce, and raising the image of nursing in low‐resource settings.
The intergenerational impact of war: longitudinal relationships between caregiver and child mental health in postconflict Sierra Leone
Authors: Betancourt Theresa S. , McBain Ryan K. , Newnham Elizabeth A. , Brennan Robert T. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundTrauma from witnessing events such as bombings and killings as well as direct victimization or participation in violence has been associated with psychosocial distress and poor mental health among war‐exposed children and adolescents. This study examines the relationship between caregiver mental health and child internalizing (anxiety and depression) symptoms over a 4‐year period in postconflict Sierra Leone.MethodsThe sample included 118 adolescent Sierra Leonean youth (73% male; mean age = 16.5 years at Time 1) and their caregivers (40% male; mean age = 39.0 at Time 1). To measure depression and anxiety symptoms, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–25 was used with adults and the Oxford Measure of Psychosocial Adjustment – previously validated for use with children and adolescents in the region – was used to assess youth. A multivariate hierarchical linear model (HLM) for studying change within dyads was implemented to study covariation in internalizing symptoms among caregivers and youth over time; these models also included covariates at the individual, family and community levels. The relationship of caregiver mental health to child's internalizing was tested in a latent variable extension of the HLM.ResultsThe latent variable extension estimated that a one standard deviation (SD) change in caregiver anxiety/depression was associated with a .43 SD change in youth internalizing (p < .01) over the 4‐year period. Family acceptance was negatively related to youth internalizing (p < .001), while community stigma was positively associated (p < .001).ConclusionsThe findings highlight an important interplay between caregiver and child mental health within the postconflict setting and the need for psychosocial interventions to extend beyond the individual to account for family dynamics.
A study of fluid provision and consumption in elderly patients in a long‐stay rehabilitation hospital
Authors: Gaff L. , Jones J. , Davidson I. H. , Bannerman E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdequate hydration is key to good clinical care and essential for preventing problems in elderly patients such as constipation, pressure sores and confusion. The present study aimed to evaluate fluid provision and consumption in elderly patients against current standards for Scottish hospitals.MethodsA service evaluation, of fluid provision and consumption over 24 h by elderly orthopaedic rehabilitation patients in a long‐stay hospital in Scotland was conducted. Fluids provided and consumed from trolley services, those at meal times and beverages from jugs of water were measured. The average fluid content of a jug, cup and glass on each ward was determined. Each jug of water provided was recorded, as was the acceptance of hot and cold drinks offered. Intake was determined by measuring the leftover water in each jug when these were refreshed and any leftover liquid in patients' cups deducted from that provided. Observations were made with respect to the presentation and encouragement of fluids.ResultsFifty‐eight patients (12 males, 46 female, aged ≥65 years) were monitored, of whom 56 were provided with more than the recommended minimum fluid per day [mean (SEM) = 2379 (82) mL]; however, mean intake was lower than recommended [mean (SEM) = 1302 (60) mL; P = 0.002]. Provision of drinks from a trolley service [mean (SEM) = 956 (44) mL] was less than fluid from jugs [mean (SEM) = 1398 (54) mL; P = 0.002]; however, the consumption of drinks from the trolley was greater [77% consumed, mean (SEM) = 770 (46) mL] than from jugs [41% mean (SEM) = 514 (36) mL; P < 0.001].ConclusionsPatients consumed significantly more fluid from individual beverages than jugs. Consideration of the method of fluid provision is important with respect to influencing fluid intakes.
Portion‐controlled meals provide increases in diet quality during weight loss and maintenance
Authors: Ptomey L. T. , Willis E. A. , Goetz J. R. , Lee J. , Szabo‐Reed A. N. , Sullivan D. K. , Donnelly J. E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundBehavioural weight‐loss interventions utilising portion‐controlled meals (PCMs) produce significant decreases in weight. However, their impact on diet quality during weight maintenance is unknown. The present study aimed to assess the influence of a weight management intervention employing PCMs and increased physical activity on diet quality during weight loss and weight maintenance.MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐seven overweight and obese adults [67% women; mean (SD) BMI = 34.0 (4.6) kg m−2; age = 46.1 (8.9) years] completed an 18‐month trial. The weight‐loss phase (0–6 months) consisted of energy restriction, which was achieved using PCMs plus fruits and vegetables and increased physical activity. During weight maintenance (6–18 months), participants consumed a diet designed to maintain weight loss. Body weight and dietary intake were assessed at baseline, and at 6, 12 and 18 months. The Healthy Eating Index‐2010 (HEI) was calculated using data obtained from 3‐day food records.ResultsMean (SD) body weight was 14.3% (6.6%) and 8.7% (8.0%) below baseline at 6 and 18 months, respectively. The mean (SD) HEI‐2010 score after weight loss [66.6 (9.4)] was significantly higher than baseline [46.4 (8.9)] and remained significantly higher than baseline at 18 months [57.7 (10.6)] (both P < 0.001).ConclusionsA weight management intervention using PCMs resulted in both clinically significant weight loss and increased diet quality scores, demonstrating that the use of PCMs during weight loss allows for meaningful changes in diet quality during weight maintenance.