bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French 2013 guidelines for antiretroviral therapy of HIV‐1 infection in adults
Authors: Hoen Bruno , Bonnet Fabrice , Delaugerre Constance , Delobel Pierre , Goujard Cécile , L’Hénaff Marianne , Persiaux Renaud , Rey David , Rouzioux Christine , Taburet Anne‐Marie , Morlat Philippe ,   2013 French HIV expert group
Published: June 2014

IntroductionThese guidelines are part of the French Experts’ recommendations for the management of people living with HIV/AIDS, which were made public and submitted to the French health authorities in September 2013. The objective was to provide updated recommendations for antiretroviral treatment (ART) of HIV‐positive adults. Guidelines included the following topics: when to start, what to start, specific situations for the choice of the first session of antiretroviral therapy, optimization of antiretroviral therapy after virologic suppression, and management of virologic failure.MethodsTen members of the French HIV 2013 expert group were responsible for guidelines on ART. They systematically reviewed the most recent literature. The chairman of the subgroup was responsible for drafting the guidelines, which were subsequently discussed within, and finalized by the whole expert group to obtain a consensus. Recommendations were graded for strength and level of evidence using predefined criteria. Economic considerations were part of the decision‐making process for selecting preferred first‐line options. Potential conflicts of interest were actively managed throughout the whole process.ResultsART should be initiated in any HIV‐positive person, whatever his/her CD4 T‐cell count, even when >500/mm3. The level of evidence of the individual benefit of ART in terms of mortality or progression to AIDS increases with decreasing CD4 cell count. Preferred initial regimens include two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (tenofovir/emtricitabine or abacavir/lamivudine) plus a non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (efavirenz or rilpivirine), or a ritonavir‐boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir or darunavir). Raltegravir, lopinavir/r, and nevirapine are recommended as alternative third agents, with specific indications and restrictions. Specific situations such as HIV infection in women, primary HIV infection, severe immune suppression with or without identified opportunistic infection, and person who injects drugs are addressed. Options for optimization of ART once virologic suppression is achieved are discussed. Evaluation and management of virologic failure are described, the aim of any intervention in such situation being to reduce plasma viral load to <50 copies/ml.ConclusionThese guidelines recommend that any HIV‐positive individual should be treated with ART. This recommendation was issued both for the patient’s own sake and for promoting treatment as prevention.
Random Copolymers Based on Thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione and Isoindigo Building Blocks for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Deng Ping , Xiong Jian , Li Shugang , Wu Yibing , Yang Junliang , Zhang Qing 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThree random conjugated polymers, RP‐TiI, RP‐2TiI and RP‐TVTiI based on both thieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione and isoindigo units have been synthesized by Stille cross‐coupling reaction. The optical and electrochemical properties of new polymers have been investigated. The resulted polymers showed broad absorption spectra and appropriate energy levels for polymer solar cell applications. The bulk heterojunction devices based on the blend of the polymer RP‐TiI and PC61BM showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.75%.
A randomized controlled trial of hypnosis compared with biofeedback for adults with chronic low back pain
Authors: Tan G. , Rintala D.H. , Jensen M.P. , Fukui T. , Smith D. , Williams W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundChronic low back pain (CLBP) is common and results in significant costs to individuals, families and society. Although some research supports the efficacy of hypnosis for CLBP, we know little about the minimum dose needed to produce meaningful benefits, the roles of home practice and hypnotizability on outcome, or the maintenance of treatment benefits beyond 3 months.MethodsOne hundred veterans with CLBP participated in a randomized, four‐group design study. The groups were (1) an eight‐session self‐hypnosis training intervention without audio recordings for home practice; (2) an eight‐session self‐hypnosis training intervention with recordings; (3) a two‐session self‐hypnosis training intervention with recordings and brief weekly reminder telephone calls; and (4) an eight‐session active (biofeedback) control intervention.ResultsParticipants in all four groups reported significant pre‐ to post‐treatment improvements in pain intensity, pain interference and sleep quality. The hypnosis groups combined reported significantly more pain intensity reduction than the control group. There was no significant difference among the three hypnosis conditions. Over half of the participants who received hypnosis reported clinically meaningful (≥30%) reductions in pain intensity, and they maintained these benefits for at least 6 months after treatment. Neither hypnotizability nor amount of home practice was associated significantly with treatment outcome.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that two sessions of self‐hypnosis training with audio recordings for home practice may be as effective as eight sessions of hypnosis treatment. If replicated in other patient samples, the findings have important implications for the application of hypnosis treatment for chronic pain management.
Olefin Cross‐Metathesis: Studies towards the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Bitungolide F
Authors: Dayaker Gandrath , Krishna Palakodety Radha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of (5S,6S)‐6‐[(2S,5S,7R,8E,10E)‐5‐(benzyloxy)‐7‐{[(tert‐butyl)dimethylsilyl]oxy}‐11‐phenylundeca‐8,10‐dien‐2‐yl]‐5‐ethyl‐5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one (=(+)‐9‐O‐benzyl‐11‐O‐[(tert‐butyl)dimethylsilyl]bitungolide F) is reported. The strategy involves Gilman reaction, olefin cross‐metathesis, and HornerWadsworthEmmons olefination as key steps.
X-ray spectroscopy of the mixed morphology supernova remnant W 28 with XMM-Newton
Authors: Nakamura Ryoko , Bamba Aya , Ishida Manabu , Yamazaki Ryo , Tatematsu Ken'ichi , Kohri Kazunori , Pühlhofer Gerd , Wagner Stefan J. , Sawada Makoto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We report on spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of the north-eastern part of the mixed morphology supernova remnant (SNR) W 28 with XMM-Newton. The observed field of view includes a prominent and twisted shell emission forming the edge of this SNR as well as part of the center-filled X-ray emission brightening toward the south-west edge of the field of view. The shell region spectra are in general represented by an optically thin thermal plasma emission in collisional ionization equilibrium with a temperature of ∼ 0.3 keV and a density of ∼ 10 cm−3, which is much higher than the density obtained for inner parts. In contrast, we detected no significant X-ray flux from one of the TeV γ-ray peaks with an upper-limit flux of 2.1 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1 in the 2–10 keV band. The large flux ratio of TeV to X-ray, larger than 16, and the spatial coincidence of the molecular cloud and the TeV γ-ray emission site indicate that the TeV γ-ray of W 28 is π0-decay emission originating from collisions between accelerated protons and molecular cloud protons. Comparing the spectrum in the TeV band and the X-ray upper limit, we obtained a weak upper limit on the magnetic field strength B ≲ 1500 μG.
The bacterial lipopeptide iturins induce Verticillium dahliae cell death by affecting fungal signalling pathways and mediate plant defence responses involved in pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity
Authors: Han Qin , Wu Fengli , Wang Xiaonan , Qi Hong , Shi Liang , Ren Ang , Liu Qinghai , Zhao Mingwen , Tang Canming 
Published: June 2014

SummaryVerticillium wilt in cotton caused by Verticillium dahliae is one of the most serious plant diseases worldwide. Because no known fungicides or cotton cultivars provide sufficient protection against this pathogen, V. dahliae causes major crop yield losses. Here, an isolated cotton endophytic bacterium, designated Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 41B‐1, exhibited greater than 50% biocontrol efficacy against V. dahliae in cotton plants under greenhouse conditions. Through high‐performance liquid chromatography and mass analysis of the filtrate, we found that the antifungal compounds present in the strain 41B‐1 culture filtrate were a series of isoforms of iturins. The purified iturins suppressed V. dahliae microsclerotial germination in the absence or presence of cotton. Treatment with the iturins induced reactive oxygen species bursts, Hog1 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and defects in cell wall integrity. The oxidative stress response and high‐osmolarity glycerol pathway contribute to iturins resistance in V. dahliae. In contrast, the Slt2 MAPK pathway may be involved in iturins sensitivity in this fungus. In addition to antagonism, iturins could induce plant defence responses as activators and mediate pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity. These findings suggest that iturins may affect fungal signalling pathways and mediate plant defence responses against V. dahliae.
‘The living death of Alzheimer's’ versus ‘Take a walk to keep dementia at bay’: representations of dementia in print media and carer discourse
Authors: Peel Elizabeth 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnderstanding dementia is a pressing social challenge. This article draws on the ‘Dementia talking: care conversation and communication’ project which aims to understand how talk about, and to people living with dementia is constructed. In this article I draw on the construction of dementia manifest in two data sets – a corpus of 350 recent UK national newspaper articles and qualitative data derived from in‐depth interviews with informal carers. These data were analysed using a thematic discursive approach. A ‘panic‐blame’ framework was evident in much of the print media coverage. Dementia was represented in catastrophic terms as a ‘tsunami’ and ‘worse than death’, juxtaposed with coverage of individualistic behavioural change and lifestyle recommendations to ‘stave off’ the condition. Contrary to this media discourse, in carers' talk there was scant use of hyperbolic metaphor or reference to individual responsibility for dementia, and any corresponding blame and accountability. I argue that the presence of individualistic dementia ‘preventative’ behaviour in media discourse is problematic, especially in comparison to other more ‘controllable’ and treatable chronic conditions. Engagement with, and critique of, the nascent panic‐blame cultural context may be fruitful in enhancing positive social change for people diagnosed with dementia and their carers.
‘The more you link, the more you risk …’ – a focus group study exploring views about data linkage for pharmacovigilance
Authors: Hopf Yvonne M. , Bond Christine , Francis Jill , Haughney John , Helms Peter J. 
Published: June 2014

AimsThe aim of this study was to assess opinions of frontline healthcare professionals on the linking of routinely collected national (Scottish) paediatric data for the purpose of identifying earlier signals of adverse drug reactions.MethodsStratified purposive sampling led to profession‐specific focus groups with pharmacists, nurses and medical doctors from primary and secondary care in different Scottish Health Boards. A topic guide was used to explore the proposed data linkage of routinely collected paediatric data. Discussions were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analysed using a framework approach to identify themes. Ethical approval was obtained from the North of Scotland Research Ethics Service.ResultsSix focus groups were conducted in 2011 with 22 participants. Views of the proposed data linkage were generally positive. Several issues were identified, including lack of clarity on data ownership and concerns about diversion of funding. Identified issues were at a practical rather than a strategic level.ConclusionsThis study identified that professional stakeholder groups are likely to find linkage of paediatric patient data acceptable. Barriers identified could be addressed. Focus group participants commented on the importance of informing patients and members of the public about the benefits of linking healthcare data. These findings clarify the steps that should be taken to ensure the acceptability of data linkage for pharmacovigilance.
Association of Experience with Illness and End‐of‐life Care with Advance Care Planning in Older Adults
Authors: Amjad Halima , Towle Virginia , Fried Terri 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo examine whether experiences with illness and end‐of‐life care are associated with readiness to participate in advance care planning (ACP).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsPersons aged 60 and older recruited from physician offices and a senior center.MeasurementsParticipants were asked about personal experience with major illness or surgery and experience with others' end‐of‐life care, including whether they had made a medical decision for someone dying, knew someone who had a bad death due to too much or too little medical care, or experienced the death of a loved one who made end‐of‐life wishes known. Stages of change were assessed for specific ACP behaviors: completion of living will and healthcare proxy, communication with loved ones regarding life‐sustaining treatments and quantity versus quality of life, and communication with physicians about these same topics. Stages of change included precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, and action or maintenance, corresponding to whether the participant was not ready to complete the behavior, was considering participation in the next 6 months, was planning participation within 30 days, or had already participated.ResultsOf 304 participants, 84% had one or more personal experiences or experience with others. Personal experiences were not associated with greater readiness for most ACP behaviors. In contrast, having one or more experiences with others was associated with greater readiness to complete a living will and healthcare proxy, discuss life‐sustaining treatment with loved ones, and discuss quantity versus quality of life with loved ones and with physicians.ConclusionOlder individuals who have experience with end‐of‐life care of others demonstrate greater readiness to participate in ACP. Discussions with older adults regarding these experiences may be a useful tool in promoting ACP.
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of silique length and petal colour in Brassica rapa
Authors: Kebede Berisso , Rahman Habibur 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Brassica rapa L. cv. ‘Sampad’, and an inbred line 3‐0026.027 was used to map the loci controlling silique length and petal colour. The RILs were evaluated under four environments. Variation for silique length in the RILs ranged from normal, such as ‘Sampad’, to short silique, such as 3‐0026.027. Three QTL, SLA3, SLA5 and SLA7, were detected on the linkage groups A3, A5 and A7, respectively. These QTL explained 36.0 to 42.3% total phenotypic variance in the individual environments and collectively 32.5% phenotypic variance. No additive × additive epistatic interaction was detected between the three QTL. Moreover, no QTL × environment interaction was detected in any of the four environments. The number of loci for silique length detected based on QTL mapping agrees well with the results from segregation analysis of the RILs. In case of petal colour, a single locus governing this trait was detected on the linkage group A2.
Frequency of brown rot fungi on blossoms and fruit in stone fruit orchards in Greece
Authors: Papavasileiou A. , Testempasis S. , Michailides T. J. , Karaoglanidis G. S. 
Published: June 2014

Brown rot is a devastating disease of stone fruits caused by Monilinia spp. This study was conducted to investigate the disease aetiology on blossoms and fruit in peach, apricot, sweet cherry and plum orchards, in Greece. In total, 1433 isolates obtained from orchards located in the main stone fruit production regions of Greece were identified to species based on the presence/size of a cyt b intron. Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola were detected at frequencies of 59 and 41%, respectively, while M. fructigena was absent. Monilinia fructicola was more common on fruit whereas M. laxa occurred in similar frequency on blossoms and fruit. Monilinia laxa was replaced by M. fructicola in fruit infections of peach in both regions investigated and in fruit infections of plum in the Imathia region. Assessments of aggressiveness of 30 isolates of both species on the petals and fruits of the hosts showed that M. fructicola isolates were more aggressive. This suggests that the predominance of M. laxa on the blossoms cannot be explained by higher aggressiveness. Measurements of the effect of temperature on mycelial growth showed that M. laxa isolates had a higher growth rate than M. fructicola at the lowest temperature tested of 5°C, whereas M. fructicola isolates showed higher growth rates at higher temperatures. The observed high frequency of M. fructicola in Greece represents a major threat for stone fruit production. Furthermore, the information obtained about delineation of species and plant organ preference could be useful for the implementation of disease management strategies.
Synthetic Lethality in ATM-Deficient RAD50-Mutant Tumors Underlies Outlier Response to Cancer Therapy
Authors: Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Iyer Gopa , Hohl Marcel , Asthana Saurabh , Inagaki Akiko , Schultz Nikolaus , Hanrahan Aphrothiti J. , Scott Sasinya N. , Brannon A. Rose , McDermott Gregory C. , Pirun Mono , Ostrovnaya Irina , Kim Philip , Socci Nicholas D. , Viale Agnes , Schwartz Gary K. , Reuter Victor , Bochner Bernard H. , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Bajorin Dean F. , Berger Michael F. , Petrini John H.J. , Solit David B. , Taylor Barry S. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Metastatic solid tumors are almost invariably fatal. Patients with disseminated small-cell cancers have a particularly unfavorable prognosis, with most succumbing to their disease within two years. Here, we report on the genetic and functional analysis of an outlier curative response of a patient with metastatic small-cell cancer to combined checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibition and DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a clonal hemizygous mutation in the Mre11 complex gene RAD50 that attenuated ATM signaling which in the context of CHK1 inhibition contributed, via synthetic lethality, to extreme sensitivity to irinotecan. As Mre11 mutations occur in a diversity of human tumors, the results suggest a tumor-specific combination therapy strategy in which checkpoint inhibition in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy is synthetically lethal in tumor cells but not normal cells with somatic mutations that impair Mre11 complex function.
Significance: Strategies to effect deep and lasting responses to cancer therapy in patients with metastatic disease have remained difficult to attain, especially in early-phase clinical trials. Here, we present an in-depth genomic and functional genetic analysis identifying RAD50 hypomorphism as a contributing factor to a curative response to systemic combination therapy in a patient with recurrent, metastatic small-cell cancer. Cancer Discov; 4(9); 1014–21. ©2014 AACR.
See related commentary by Peng et al., p. 988
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 973
Exhibiting text works
Authors: Cheek Cris 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This think piece about past present and emergent means for the exhibition of text works uses embodiment and proximity as its lens. Texts inscribed onto and through and from the body of the humanimal, both in terms of ongoing traditions and immanent capabilities are considered. Body-mind, skin, clothing, paper, architexture and landscape are drawn into play here. I wanted to stir memory and imagination and speculation, to incite ambition and reflection, more than to focus onto a few specific works in detail. In that sense its contribution remains rumination on our contemporary moment in terms of textual production and circulation.
Publishing as a praxis of conceptualist reading performances
Authors: Thurston Nick 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Since 2006 I have been a co-editor of the independent publishing imprint information as material. This article is a position statement about my understanding of what we try to do together through a mode of ‘publishing as praxis’. The first half outlines the intersecting concerns shared by Craig Dworkin, Simon Morris and I, explaining how our collective identity functions as a self-publishing framework for writers who produce ‘conceptualist reading performances’. Following this I explain how certain kinds of self-publishing can be differentiated from vanity publishing by analysing how the two differently relate to the subject-status of the authorial self that they make public. In the second half I speculatively map these ideas onto the emergent field of Conceptual Writing, re-positioning it as an extra-literary approach to writing that performs on the outside of literature’s territory to alter the question of authoriality so central to how we understand literature’s horizons.
Slings in the Ancient Near East with Reference to the Egyptian Material
Authors: Wernick Nicholas 
Published: June 2014

Summary
A survey of the sling’s composition, ammo and capabilities has not been completed despite this weapon has been known to have been used in ancient warfare contexts in the ancient Near East. By utilizing the three extant examples from the pharaonic period in Egypt, the reader will gain a better understanding of the weapon’s construction and usage. In addition, a brief analysis of the variety of sling-shot artefacts will be performed, including the torpedo-shaped shot from the fortress of Buhen. After an examination of the physical remains, the capabilities of the range of this weapon will be assessed.
Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath south‐western margin of the Arabian Peninsula from teleseismic tomography
Authors: Korostelev Félicie , Basuyau Clémence , Leroy Sylvie , Tiberi Christel , Ahmed Abdulhakim , Stuart Graham W. , Keir Derek , Rolandone Frédérique , Al Ganad Ismail , Khanbari Khaled , Boschi Lapo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe image the lithospheric and upper asthenospheric structure of western continental Yemen with 24 broadband stations to evaluate the role of the Afar plume on the evolution of the continental margin and its extent eastward along the Gulf of Aden. We use teleseismic tomography to compute relative P wave velocity variations in south‐western Yemen down to 300 km depth. Published receiver function analysis suggest a dramatic and localized thinning of the crust in the vicinity of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden, consistent with the velocity structure that we retrieve in our model. The mantle part of the model is dominated by the presence of a low‐velocity anomaly in which we infer partial melting just below thick Oligocene flood basalts and recent off‐axis volcanic events (from 15 Ma to present). This low‐velocity anomaly could correspond to an abnormally hot mantle and could be responsible for dynamic topography and recent magmatism in western Yemen. Our new P wave velocity model beneath western Yemen suggests the young rift flank volcanoes beneath margins and on the flanks of the Red Sea rift are caused by focused small‐scale diapiric upwelling from a broad region of hot mantle beneath the area. Our work shows that relatively hot mantle, along with partial melting of the mantle, can persist beneath rifted margins after breakup has occurred.