bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ارتباطات اسلامی و هم‌گرایی ارتباطی در جهان اسلام
Authors: کاظمی سید آصف ,   مجتمع آموزش تاریخ و تمدن اسلامی
Published: July 2024

وحدت و هم‌گرایی از ضروریات و اهداف مهم شریعت اسلامی و دغدغۀ مصلحان اسلامی است؛ با ‌وجود این، جهان اسلام همچنان با بحران تفرقه و واگرایی روبه‌رو است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی چگونگی صورت‌بندی راهکار هم‌گرایی ارتباطات­محور در پاسخ به بحران واگرایی جهان اسلام است. تحقیق حاضر بر این فرضیه استوار است که جهان اسلام پیش از هر امری، نیازمند «ارتباطات اسلامی» برای رسیدن به هم‌گرایی است و ارتباطات شرط مهم و ضروری هم‌گرایی به شمار می آید. یافته‌های بحث که بر اساس نظریۀ ارتباطات گردآوری شده اند، نشان می‌دهند که وفاق عمومی و شکل‌گیری هم‌گرایی در جهان اسلام با گسترش ارتباطات اسلامی در حوزه‌های اقتصادی، سیاسی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی امکان‌پذیر خواهد بود. جهان اسلام داراي زمینه‌ها، عناصر و نهادهای ارتباطی ارزشمندی است؛ مانند قبله، حج، تاريخ، فرهنگ و تمدن، منابع و منافع، مشاهد و مراقد پیشوایان دینی، شخصیت­ها و مصلحان، رسانه­ها و نهادهایی مانند سازمان همکاری اسلامی که طرح های ارتباطی مانند استراتژی فرهنگی جهان اسلام، استراتژی سیاسی و استراتژی اقتصادی را در دستور دارد و تلاش می­کند مسلمانان و کشورهای اسلامی را با یکدیگر مرتبط سازد. در نتیجه، همبستگي و هم‌گرایی بين مسلمانان و کشورهای اسلامی با گسترش ارتباطات فرهنگی، سیاسی، اجتماعی و به‌ویژه اقتصادی افزايش یافته و شکل‌گیری هم‌گرایی در جهان اسلام را موجب خواهد شد.
Pengembangan Konsep Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kampung Untuk Mencegah Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Di Kampung Paluh Kabupaten Siak
Authors: Munif Wandri 
Published: July 2024

Jenis penelitian ini dapat digolongkan yuridis sosiologis yaitu pendekatan penelitian yang menekankan pada aspek hukum berkenaan dengan pokok permasalahan yang akan dibahas, dikaitkan dengan kenyataan yang ada dilapangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Paluh Kabupaten Siak, Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan Perlindungann Anak, Dinas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dan Kampung Kabupaten Siak dan beberapa pihak terkait. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan wawancara, kuisioner dan kajian kepustakaan. Dalam hasil penelitian ini, ada tiga hal pokok yang dapat disimpulkan. Pertama kekerasan terhadap kaum perempuan merupakan salah bentuk kekerasan yang sering terjadi di Indonesia dan dalam hal ini Kampung Paluh Kabupaten Siak Provinsi masih juga terjadi kekerasan terhadap perempuan terutama dalam lingkup rumah tangga. Kedua faktor penghambat dalam mewujudkan dan mencegah kekerasan terhadap perempuan di Indonesia khususnya dalam hal ini perempuan Kampung Paluh Kabupaten Siak Provinsi dalam tatanan kehidupan disebabkan karena sulitnya izin dari suami, rendahnya pendidikan kum perempuan, modal yang kurang memadai, kurangnya perhatian pemerintah daerah dan kecemasan akan corona virus deases 2019 (Covid-19). Ketiga upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadi kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan di Indonesia khususnya perempuan Kampung Paluh Kabupaten Siak yaitu dengan melaksanakan pemberdayaan terhadap kaum perempuan, karena dengan adanya pemberdayaan terhadap kaum perempuan dapat mencegah terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah terutama dalam masa tatanan kehidupan baru
Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Penjualan Pada Laporan Keuangan PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. dan PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. Tahun 2016-2019
Authors: Mun Haryani Eka , Noor Amelia  , Ghalih Muhammad 
Published: July 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis perbandingan tingkat penjualan pada laporan keuangan PT.Unilever Indonesia Tbk. dan PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. tahun 2016-2019. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan pada PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. dan PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. adalah metode kuadrat terkecil (least square method) serta menghitung rasio profitabilitas terhadap hasil pengembalian aset (return on assets) dan margin laba bersih (net profit margin). least square method digunakan untuk memprediksi suatu data dimasa depan. Sedangkan perhitungan rasio profitabilitas digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan perusahaan dalam memperoleh laba atau keuntungan atas penggunaan sumber daya yang dimilikinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbandingan tingkat penjualan pada laporan keuangan PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. dengan PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. tahun 2016-2019. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan menggunakan least square method dan rasio profitabilitas menunjukkan kedua perusahaan mengalami kenaikan dan penurunan. Tingkat penjualan padabPT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. lebih baik dibandingkan dengan PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari peramalan penjualan tahun 2019 yang didapatkan pada PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. lebih besar daripada PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk. Kemudian, untuk perbandingan dari rasio profitabilitas pada PT. Unilever Indonesia Tbk. memperoleh hasil lebih besar dibanding PT. Kino Indonesia Tbk.
STCW-F95
Authors:   Organización Marítima Internacional
Published: July 2024

This publication contains:

−
the Final Act of the International Conference on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel, held in London in 1995

−
resolutions adopted by the Conference

−
a complete text of the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Fishing Vessel Personnel (STCW-F), 1995

The Convention presents comprehensive regulations governing the training and certification of fishing vessel personnel.
حدود المسئولية عن المطالبات البحرية
Authors:   International Maritime Organization
Published: July 2024

<xhtml:span xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="ar">
<p>دخلت التعديلات المتعلقة بزيادة حدود المسؤولية في بروتوكول عام 1996 المعدِّل لاتفاقية حدود المسؤولية عن المطالبات البحرية لعام 1976 (بروتوكول حدود المسؤولية لعام 1996) حيز النفاذ في 8 حزيران/يونيو 2015، ورُفِع بموجبها المبلغ الذي تجوز المطالبة به عن الوفاة أو الإصابة الجسدية على متن السفن (التي لا تتجاوز حمولتها الإجمالية 000 2 طن) إلى 3,02 مليون وحدة من وحدات حقوق السحب الخاصة (SDR)، بعد أن كانت 2 مليون وحدة من وحدات حقوق السحب الخاصة (وتجوز مطالبة السفن الأكبر حجماً بمبالغ إضافية).</p>
<p>وتضع اتفاقية حدود المسؤولية لعام 1976 حدوداً معيَّنة للمسؤولية عن أنواع محدَّدة من دعاوى المطالبات المقامة على مالكي السفن مثل المطالبات في حالات الوفاة أو الإصابة الجسدية؛ وغيرها من المطالبات ، مثل المطالبات المتعلقة بالممتلكات (بما فيها الأضرار التي تلحق بالسفن الأخرى أو الممتلكات أو المنشآت المرفئية)، والتأخير، وانسكابات زيت وقود السفن، وإزالة الحطام، والأضرار الناجمة عن التلوث، وغيرها. وتجيز الاتفاقية أيضاً لملاك السفن ومنقذيها الحد من مسؤوليتهم إلا إذا 'ثبت أن الخسارة ناجمة عن فعل أو امتناع من جانبهم، وأنها ارتُكِبت بقصد التسبب في هذه الخسارة، أو عن تهوُّر مع العلم بأن هذه الخسارة من شأنها أن تنجم، فيما يُرجَّح، عن ذلك.</p>
<p>حقوق المؤلف مسجَّلة للمنظمة البحرية الدولية (2016)</p>
</xhtml:span>
CSC
Authors:   Organisation Maritime Internationale
Published: July 2024

La Convention internationale de 1972 sur la sécurité des conteneurs (Convention CSC de 1972) a deux objectifs :

maintenir un degré élevé de sécurité de la vie humaine lors du transport et de la manutention des conteneurs en spécifiant des procédures d’essais et des normes de résistance qui se sont révélées acceptables au fil des ans; et

faciliter les transports internationaux par conteneurs au moyen d’une réglementation internationale uniforme en matière de sécurité qui soit applicable de façon égale à tous les modes de transport en surface. Ainsi la prolifération de réglementations nationales divergentes en matière de sécurité pourra-t-elle être évitée.

Les amendements à la Convention CSC de 1972 adoptés par la résolution MSC.355(92) entrent en vigueur le 1er juillet 2014 et incluent :

de nouvelles définitions au début des annexes I et II, ainsi que des amendements apportés en conséquence pour garantir l’uniformité de la terminologie employée dans toutes les parties de la Convention CSC de 1972;

des amendements pour aligner toutes les dimensions et unités physiques sur le système SI;

l’introduction d’une période transitoire pour le marquage des conteneurs dont la capacité de gerbage est limitée; et

l’ajout dans l’annexe III de la liste des défaillances qui ne requièrent pas que le fonctionnaire chargé du contrôle décide la mise hors service immédiate mais exigent la prise de mesures de sécurité supplémentaires visant à garantir la poursuite du transport en toute sécurité.
Ballast Water Management Convention and BWMS Code with Guidelines for Implementation
Authors:   International Maritime Organization
Published: July 2024

The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast water and Sediments, 2004 (BWM Convention), is concerned with preventing, minimizing and ultimately eliminating the risks to the environment, human health, property and resources arising from the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens, through the control and management of ships’ Ballast water and sediments. The BWM Convention also aims to avoid unwanted side-effects from that control and encourages developments in related knowledge and technology. The 2018 consolidated edition aims to provide an easy and comprehensive reference to the up-to-date provisions and Unified Interpretations of the Articles and Annex of the BWM Convention.
Convenio de Líneas de Carga de 1966
Authors:   Organización Marítima Internacional
Published: July 2024

El Convenio internacional sobre líneas de carga, 1966, adoptado por la Conferencia internacional sobre líneas de carga el 5 de abril de 1966, entró en vigor el 21 de julio de 1968 y ha sido modificado mediante el Protocolo de 1988 y enmendado mediante resoluciones de la Asamblea y del Comité de seguridad marítima durante los últimos 50 años.
La presente edición de 2021 contiene el texto actualizado y refundido, de conformidad con las enmiendas adoptadas hasta el 1 de julio de 2021, así como las Interpretaciones unificadas que guardan relación con los artículos y reglas pertinentes.
Cartes mentales dans les ateliers d’écriture en langues minoritaires au Mexique et paysages linguistiques imaginaires
Authors: Léonard Jean Léo 
Published: July 2024

Dans quelle mesure les cartes mentales recueillies à l’appui de narrations sur des dilemmes touchant des territoires ethnolinguistiques dans le cadre des TERPLO peuvent-elles contribuer au paradigme des paysages linguistiques, comme forme d’observation des interrelations et interactions entre langues et idéologies linguistiques, de par le monde ? Cet article documente et analyse les contenus de cartes mentales et de narrations obtenues selon une méthodologie co-participative, avec des locuteurs de langues otomangue du Mexique (langues triqui, chinantec, mazatec) et de mixe de l’Isthme, dans l’État d’Oaxaca. Pour ce faire, le modèle analytique des formes de figuration du visible par l’anthropologue Philippe Descola, opposant naturalisme, animisme, analogisme et totémisme, sert de grille de lecture des contenus de ces productions, conçues comme autant de prismes de la complexité des relations et interactions entre modernité et postmodernité en milieu autochtone dans le Mexique contemporain.
Somolinos Molina, Cristina (2022). Rojas las manos. Mujeres trabajadoras en la narrativa española contemporánea. Granada: Comares.
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Nieves 
Published: July 2024

Reseña de Somolinos Molina, Cristina: Rojas las manos. Mujeres trabajadoras en la narrativa española contemporánea. Granada: Comares, 2022, 292 pp.
Diversity, Abundance, and Seasonal Variation of Aquatic Macrophytes in Southeastern Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Md. Foysul , Chowdhury Gazlima , Nabil Tamzid Ahsan , Hossain Abrar , Bhuyain Sumiya , Mithi Mst. Meherin Farzana , Begum Nazmin , Hossen Alim 
Published: July 2024

The study was conducted to assess the diversity and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in the southeastern region of Bangladesh, encompassing the Noakhali, Cumilla, and Chandpur districts. The study was carried out over the period of July 2022 to June 2023. This research utilized a mixed-methods approach, incorporating observation of the study area, qualitative interviews, and quantitative surveys. Five types of aquatic macrophytes, 47 species from 18 orders and 25 families were identified. These are free-floating, rooted-floating, emergent, submerged, and marginal. Among the three locations, Noakhali was recorded as the highest with 44 species, followed by Cumilla with 43, and Chandpur with 35. In Noakhali, seasonal variation analysis showed that 39% of species were found in the rainy season, 14% in summer, 14% in winter, and 20% year-round. In Cumilla, 35% of aquatic macrophytes were available in the rainy season, and 14%, 12%, and 5% in winter, spring, and autumn, respectively. In Chandpur, 37% of aquatic macrophytes were prevalent in the rainy season, 26% were found year-round, 9% in winter, 14% in summer, and 6% each in spring and autumn. In Noakhali, 44% of macrophytes were frequent, 33% moderate, and 23% rare. In Cumilla, 49% were frequent, 44% moderate, and 14% rare. Chandpur reported 49% frequent, 31% moderate, and 20% rare species. The order Alismatales emerged as the dominant order comparatively across all locations. This research will provide insights into the biodiversity of aquatic macrophytes in this area, thus supporting effective management strategies.
Culture and Isolation of Melanoma‐Initiating Cells
Authors: Stecca Barbara , Santini Roberta , Pandolfi Silvia , Penachioni Junia Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMelanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer. This unit illustrates protocols for culture and isolation of human melanoma cancer stem cells/tumor‐initiating cells (CSC/TIC). We describe two complementary methods to enrich for melanoma CSC/TIC. The first approach exploits the ability of CSC/TIC to grow as tumor spheres in low‐adherent culture conditions, as previously shown for neural stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. As a second approach, melanoma CSC/TIC are enriched by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting for the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme activity. We previously showed that melanoma cells with high ALDH activity (ALDHhigh) are endowed with higher self‐renewal and tumorigenic abilities than the population with low activity (ALDHlow), suggesting that ALDH might be a good marker to select for melanoma CSC/TIC. This unit will also describe how to functionally test melanoma CSC/TIC by determining self‐renewal in vitro and tumor‐forming abilities in vivo using orthotopic xenograft assay. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 24:3.6.1‐3.6.12. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) and Related Processes
Authors: Grubbs Robert H. , Khosravi Ezat 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionDevelopment of Well‐DefinedROMPInitiatorsROMPusing Well‐Defined Tungsten‐ and Molydenum‐Based Alkylidene InitiatorsROMPusing Ruthenium‐Based InitiatorsAqueousROMPOther Metathesis ReactionsTelechelic PolymersRing‐Closing Olefin Metathesis (RCM)Materials ViaROMPConducting PolymersStereoregular FluoropolymersStereoblock FluorocopolymersSynthesis of Electroluminescence MaterialsFluorinated Block CopolymersGraft CopolymersNanoscale Clusters Via Microphase‐Separated MaterialsSide Chain Liquid Crystal PolymersABATriblock CopolymersSynthesis ofABCross‐Linked MaterialsConclusion
Acyclic Diene Metathesis (
ADMET
) Polymerization
Authors: Davidson Tammy A. , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Catalysts in Acyclic Diene Metathesis (
ADMET
) Chemistry

Classical Catalysts

Well‐Defined Catalyst Systems

The Key to
ADMET
Polymerization

The Step Polymerization Nature of
ADMET
Chemistry

Effects of
L
ewis Acid Cocatalysts

Synthesis of First High Molecular Weight
ADMET
Polymers

The
ADMET
Polymerization Mechanism

Hydrocarbons in
ADMET
Chemistry

Nonconjugated Dienes

Conjugated Dienes

Functional Groups in
ADMET
Chemistry

The Ether Functional Group

Functionality and the Negative Neighboring Group Effect

ADMET
Depolymerization

Conclusions
Transition Metal Catalyzed Olefin, Cycloolefin, and Styrene Polymerization
Authors: Okuda Jun , Mülhaupt Rolf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areHistory and TrendsPolymerization ProcessesSupported Catalysts and Morphology ControlPolymerization Mechanisms and StereoselectivityHistory and Principles of Metallocene CatalysisRegio‐ and Stereoselective Polymerization of α‐OlefinsPolymerization of Cyclic Olefins, Cyclopolymerization, and Stereoselective Polymerization of StyreneLate Transition Metal CatalystsTransition Metal Catalyzed CopolymerizationAcknowledgements
Living Radical Polymerization
Authors: Sawamoto Mitsuo , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionControl of Free Radical PolymerizationLiving or Controlled Radical Polymerization: General PrinciplesLiving Radical Polymerization Involving Covalent Dormant SpeciesCarbon–Carbon BondsCarbon–Oxygen and Carbon–Sulfur BondsCarbon–Sulfur BondsCONBondsOther Carbon–Chalcogen BondsCarbon–Halogen BondsCarbon–Iodine Bonds for Degenerative TransferCarbon–Halogen Bonds Activated with Transition Metal ComplexesCarbon–Metal BondsOther Controlled SystemsConcluding Remarks
Anionic Polymerization: Recent Advances
Authors: Jérôme Robert , Teyssié Philippe 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

General Aspects of Anionic Living Polymerization

Strategies

Group Transfer Polymerization

A Discussed Mechanism

A Remarkable Macromolecular Architecture

Metal‐Free Anionic Polymerization

Nucleophilic/Coordinative Polymerization

Organolanthanides (
III
)‐Initiated Polymerization

Metalloporphyrin‐Mediated Nucleophilic Polymerizations

“Ligated” Anionic Polymerization

Ion‐Pairs Complexation: Nature of Ligands

Effect of Ligands on Thermodynamics

Coordination Strength of σ‐Chelating Ligands

Steric Hindrance around the “Ligated” Ion‐Pairs

Effect of Ligands on Kinetics

Modification of the Association Equilibria

Modification of the Solvation Equilibria

A Golden Tool for Macromolecular Engineering

Conclusions
The Synthesis and Characterization of Dendritic Molecules
Authors: Janssen H. M. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMethodologies in Dendrimer SynthesisDivergent MethodsNewkome's ArborolsTomalia's Starburst DendrimersPoly(propylene imine) DendrimersConvergent MethodsFréchet's Polyether DendrimersHydrocarbon DendrimersNew Developments in the Chemistry of Dendritic MoleculesConclusions
Application of a Modular Approach in Polymer Science: Synthesis of a Broad Variety of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers
Authors: Antonietti Markus , Förster Stephan , Oestreich Sascha 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionConceptsThe Chemical ModuleThe Chemical SystemTargets of Modular ChemistryA “Plastic” Example: Amphiphilic Block Copolymers (ABCs), Their Micelles and Phases, and Material Hybrides Based onABCsThe (Modular) Synthesis ofABCsby Polymer‐Analogous ReactionsMicelles ofABCsSolid State Properties and Liquid‐Crystalline Phases ofABCsFluorinated Block Copolymers for Hydrophobic Coatings and Membranes, and as Dispersion StabilizersAmphiphilic Block Copolymers that take up Metals and SemiconductorsConclusions and OutlookAcknowledgements
Optical Properties and Charge Transport
Authors: Ulbrich Rainer G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionOptical Properties of Bulk CrystalsBand Structure and Electron‐Hole Pair ExcitationsDielectric Polarization and Response FunctionCorrelated Electron‐Hole Pairs: ExcitonsSingle‐Particle Versus Pair ExcitationsExciton‐Photon Coupling: PolaritonsInterband Absorption SpectraDirect versus Indirect TransitionsRadiative Recombination RateAngular Dependence of Interband TransitionsFundamental Gap Spectra at Low ExcitationExciton ScreeningSystems with Restricted DimensionalityElectronic ConfinementQuantum Wells, ‐Wires and ‐DotsOptics of Quantum Confined SystemsMicrocavities and Photonic Band GapsCharge Transport and Scattering ProcessesMomentum and Energy Relaxation of CarriersPhonon ScatteringCarrier‐Carrier ScatteringCoherent PhenomenaSpin EffectsQuantum TransportNonlinear Optics and High Field TransportNonlinear Dielectric ResponseCarrier Distributions Far from EquilibriumCarrier Dynamics on Ultrashort Time ScalesConclusion
Grain Boundaries in Semiconductors
Authors: Thibault Jany , Rouviere Jean‐Luc , Bourret Alain 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionGrain Boundary Structure: Concepts and ToolsGrain Boundary DefinitionsGeometrical ConceptsDislocation ModelPrimary Dislocation NetworkSecondary Dislocation NetworkStress Field Associated with Grain BoundariesStructural Unit DescriptionsStick and Ball Structural UnitsEnergetic Structural UnitsAlgebraic Structural UnitsStructural Units and Dislocations/DisclinationsThe Limits of the Structural Unit DescriptionsComputer Simulation TechniquesMethodsBoundary ConditionsInteraction LawsExperimental TechniquesGrain Boundary Structure: Experience and Simulation ResultsSilicon and GermaniumTilt Grain BoundariesTwist Grain BoundariesDiamondSiCGaAsGaNAlNNiOComments on Grain Boundary StructuresElectrical Properties of Grain BoundariesIntroductionElectrical Effects Induced by Grain BoundariesElectronic States Associated with a Grain BoundaryPotential Barrier and Transport PropertiesDynamic Properties and Recombination PropertiesExperimental Methods for Measuring the Grain Boundary Electrical ActivityMethods Based on TransportTransient MethodsCorrelation Between Electrical Activity and StructureTransport Experiments in BicrystalsTransient Properties Measured on BicrystalsEmission and Capture Properties of Silicon and Germanium Grain BoundariesPolycrystalline SiliconIntrinsic or Extrinsic Origin of Electrical Activity of Grain BoundariesImpurity Segregation and Precipitation Induced by Grain BoundariesIntroductionDopant ElementsOxygen and SulfurTransition ElementsCopperNickelIronConclusionsMechanical Properties of Grain Boundaries in SemiconductorsIntroductionInteraction Between Dislocations and Grain BoundariesDislocation AbsorptionDislocation Transmission Across Grain BoundariesGrain Boundaries as a Dislocation SourceGrain Boundary Dislocation MovementPhysical ConsequencesGrain Boundary MigrationRecovery of the Grain Boundary Structure and CavitationDeformation ModellingConclusions
Fundamental Aspects of
Si
C
Authors: Choyke W. J. , Devaty Robert P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Polytypism

Crystallography

Inequivalent Sites

Some Properties of Simple Polytypes

Origin of Polytypism

Band Structure

The General Picture

The Conduction Band Edges

The Valence Band Edges

Phonons

Calculations of Phonon Dispersion Relations

Infrared Transmission and Reflection

Phonon Frequencies Measured by Low Temperature Photoluminescence (
LTPL
) and the

k

‐Space Locations of Conduction Band Minima

First and Second Order
R
aman Scattering

R
aman Scattering from Free Carriers

Intrinsic Excitons

Shallow Centers

Shallow Donors: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Acceptors

Deep Centers

Transition Metals

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Molybdenum

Scandium

Manganese

Rare Earths: Erbium

Intrinsic Defects

Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (
DLTS
)

Electron Spin Resonance and Positron Annihilation

Low Temperature Photoluminescence

Transport Properties

Carrier Effective Masses

Mobilities and Mobility Anisotropy

Hall Scattering Factor

Time Resolved Measurements and Lifetimes

Acknowledgements