bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand Function, Experienced Pain, and Disability After Distal Radius Fracture
Authors: Ydreborg Karin , Engstrand Christina , Steinvall Ingrid , Larsson Eva-Lena 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We sought to explore differences in range of motion (ROM), grip strength, and self-reported pain and disability over time after plate-fixation surgery for distal radius fracture.
METHOD. We used a prospective repeated-measures research design with four measure points for a study sample of 101 patients. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Questionnaire; the Global Assessment Scale; and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure were used to assess ROM, grip strength, and pain level.
RESULTS. ROM and grip strength improved over time. Pain improved until 6 mo after surgery but greatly deteriorated from 6 to 24 mo. Concurrently, overall discomfort (global index) from the wrist extensively improved from 12 to 24 mo. DASH score decreased 20.1 points from 6 wk to 6 mo and remained stable until 24 mo.
CONCLUSION. Even when ROM and grip strength were almost fully regained at 12 mo, pain at rest and during activity was still an issue at 24 mo.
Efficacy of a Crisis Intervention in Improving Mother–Child Interaction and Children’s Play Functioning
Authors: Waldman-Levi Amiya , Weintraub Naomi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We examined the efficacy of a crisis-based intervention in improving mother–child interaction and children’s play functioning for families who had experienced domestic violence.
METHOD. Using a pretest–posttest two-group control study design, we assigned the intervention group (n = 20 mother–child dyads) to the Family Intervention for Improving Occupational Performance (FI–OP) program and the control group (n = 17 dyads) to a playroom program. Both programs consisted of eight 30-min sessions. We videotaped dyads during free play and used standardized tools to assess interactions, play skills, and playfulness.
RESULTS. After the intervention, mother–child interaction was significantly better in the FI–OP group than in the playroom group. The children in the FI–OP group also demonstrated significantly greater improvement in play skills, but not in playfulness.
CONCLUSION. FI–OP is a promising program for improving aspects of mother–child interaction and children’s play functioning among survivors of domestic violence.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Prostate Biopsy
Authors: Bartoletti Riccardo , Cai Tommaso 
Published: December 2014

Objectives Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is considered a safe and valid option from the urologist to prevent infective complications after prostate biopsy procedure. The transrectal approach is the most experienced by European urologists and the prevalence of infective complications from this procedure is increasing. Aim of this mini-review article is to improve the urologist knowledge on the prevention of infective complications after prostate transrectal biopsy. Methods Recent publications from Medline and Cochrane Library have been collected. Data from the abstracts presented at the EAU and AUA Congresses during the last 5 years have also been analysed. Results Fluorquinolone and other antibiotics-resistant bacteria prevalence is normally very high. Other strategies of infective complication prevention such as the use of rectal swab microbiological analysis and relative antibiotics/sensitivity test or the rectal enema with antiseptic solutions or the combined use of different antibiotics are thus justified. The number of biopsy cores reduction and the perineal approach still remain valid alternative indirect options. Conclusions Different innovative prevention strategies can be easily used in daily clinical practice to reduce the risk of infectious complications after transrectal prostate biopsy, although a specific policy should be adequately introduced to obtain optimal effects from the current use of antibiotic prophylaxis strategies, thus reducing the risk of developing life-threatening situations for the patient and antibiotic resistance phenomena.
Professional Development Engagement
Authors: Blau Gary , Snell Corinne M. , Campbell Deborah , Viswanathan Krupa , Aaronson William , Karnik Satyajit 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Professional development engagement (PDE) is defined as “the level of perceived undergraduate engagement in professional development activities.” Current measures of student engagement do not adequately measure PDE. A promising PDE scale was utilized for a sample of senior-level business undergraduates. After controlling for student background/precollege variables and college-related variables sets, an organization-related variables set, followed by a motivation-related variables set, explained significant incremental variance in PDE. Specific variables with a significant positive relationship to PDE were joining a student professional organization, motivation to attend the business school, and career development center access ease and service quality.
Collecting Dust or Creating Change:
Authors: Engberg Mark E. , Manderino Mark , Dollard Katelyn 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This study examines a group of institutions that have recently participated in a national survey focused on student learning. In doing so, the study investigates how institutions decide upon using an externally developed instrument, how campuses use the results to improve their practices, and what barriers and challenges they face in translating survey results into actionable strategies for change. The study highlights issues surrounding assessment use, while also presenting a set of recommendations that might serve as a guide for those campuses concerned about “closing the loop” in their assessment practices.
Outcomes-Based Assessment in Writing:
Authors: Slotnick Ruth , Cratsley Christopher , Consalvo Annamary L. , Lerch Carol 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Two community colleges and two state universities in central Massachusetts developed a collaborative partnership of faculty assessment teams using institutionally developed rubrics and the LEAP VALUE Written Communication rubric to compare the scoring results and record perceptions of the scoring process itself. Qualitative analysis revealed that while there were differences in interpretations of terminology impacting the assessor confidence and voice when applying both the national and local rubrics to score student work, the process of explicating what goes into selecting a score was central to the process of judging student artifacts. Despite the differences in interpretation of language, quantitative data demonstrated that the LEAP VALUE rubric in its original form or slightly modified allowed assessors to detect significant differences in freshman and sophomore writing samples. By creating a shared partnership for assessment using a mixed-methods approach faculty were able to discuss the requisite level of proficiency in written communication for successful transfer. Translating this knowledge into the types of assignment prompts and assessments needed to measure and communicate a student's proficiency may help to maximize the transfer success for academically at-risk students—indeed, for all students.
Folk medicine and integrative healing in West Asia: Analysis of historical and modern practice and perceptions
Authors: Moe Tammi , Al Obaidly Fahad Ahmed , Al Khoder Reem , Schmid Doreen 
Published: December 2014

This manuscript is developed from the findings of the Qatar Unified Imaging Project (QUIP), a research project documenting the cultural heritage of Qatar and the bordering Gulf regions through primary sources. Through the critical evaluation of published works and primary sources we explore the culture of traditional medicine in the Arab world beginning with historical texts of the 11th century to the most current study of Qatar in the 21st century. Traditions contain and reflect the cultural beliefs of the people who created and preserved what they believed most valuable.
Medical heritage figures prominently into the historical documentation of Qatar in the 20th century, and reflects the historical contributions of the Arabs to the development of chemistry and pharmacology, as well as the transnational influences that have affected Qatar's health care systems over time. Western-based medicine in the Gulf was introduced by Christian missionaries. These “modern” practices were grounded in a very different belief system, one foreign to the established healing culture. Despite ongoing developments in modern medicine many traditional practices maintain their popularity today. There is a viable place for tradition and heritage in healing. Medical anthropology helps us to identify cultural representations within traditional treatment practices that positively inform evolving healthcare procedures. We hypothesize that health care professionals can serve their clients' needs more effectively through the integration of traditional techniques into patient care.
Heat in the Arabian Gulf: An analytical review of the impact of ambient temperature on the oral glucose tolerance test
Authors: Greer William , Hedin Lars 
Published: December 2014

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and gestational diabetes (GDM) are often diagnosed and their long-term progression monitored either by a fasting blood glucose test (FGT) or an oral blood glucose tolerance test (OGTT). These tests are well-standardized and are conveniently carried out via blood samples drawn from the patient's arm, which are later analyzed to measure blood glucose concentration.
Pre-analytical guidelines for laboratory analysis of blood samples intended for the measurement of plasma glucose maintain that the two principal factors which contribute to poor reproducibility of the OGTT are (i) the variable effects of administration of a hyperosmolar glucose solution on gastric emptying, and (ii) the ambient temperature while the blood sample is being captured. Although viewing ambient temperature as a purely random effect may be acceptable for routine diagnostic tests carried out in “the West”, the substantially higher regular temperatures experienced throughout the year by many African, Asian and Middle-Eastern countries suggest that in some locations and circumstances, ambient temperature might be better regarded as a systematic influence on the OGTT.
The principal purpose of this short literature review is to highlight the potentially significant influence of ambient temperature (during the blood-draw) on the results of OGTT blood glucose measurements. Physicians and healthworkers should be aware of this phenomenon which not only can affect the diagnoses for particular patients but is also capable of producing a significant impact on subsequent prevalence estimates for both diabetes and gestational diabetes. Further studies should be conducted throughout the Arabian Gulf to elucidate the magnitude of this effect on local populations by making use of well-characterized patients under standardized conditions where temperature and humidity can be strictly controlled.
Precessional changes in the western equatorial Pacific Hydroclimate: A 240 kyr marine record from the Halmahera Sea, East Indonesia
Authors: Dang Haowen , Jian Zhimin , Kissel Catherine , Bassinot Franck 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWithin the precession band, an interhemispheric antiphase pattern in the tropical hydroclimate is supported by many paleorecords, and optimally explained by the forcing of precessional insolation change. However, scenarios within the western equatorial Pacific (WEP), which plays the role of the ascending center of atmospheric convection, remain poorly determined. In this study, a marine sediment core from the Halmahera Sea, East Indonesia, was analyzed with high‐resolution XRF scanning, quantitative discrete XRF, and ICP‐AES/MS measurements. The terrigenous fractions in this core are constrained by their trace elemental characteristics to be locally sourced from Halmahera Island, and hence reflect variations in the local riverine runoff and precipitation. On this basis, a continuous record of precipitation changes of the western equatorial Pacific was reconstructed with multidecadal resolution over the last ∼240 ka, using an age model established by the correlation between an adjusted ice volume model and benthic δ18O constrained by 14C dating. The records of terrigenous input show a dominant ∼23 kyr periodicity with a 90°∼100° phase lag to the boreal summer (i.e., in‐phase with the boreal autumn) insolation change. This pattern can be explained by the variability in the convective activity over the WEP, which might be primarily controlled by precessional changes in the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system. A dynamic linkage is implied between the precessional variations in the convective activity in the WEP and the East Asian and Australia‐Indonesian summer monsoons (EASM and AISM), in the sense of their distinct stable phase relationship to precession.
A 3‐D Lagrangian finite element algorithm with remeshing for simulating large‐strain hydrodynamic instabilities in power law viscoelastic fluids
Authors: von Tscharner M. , Schmalholz S. M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical algorithm (PINK‐3D) that is based on the finite element method. The algorithm is designed to simulate hydrodynamic instabilities in power law viscoelastic fluids under gravity. These instabilities are caused by large and sharp contrasts in mechanical strength and/or density between different materials (e.g., folding, necking, or Rayleigh‐Taylor diapirism). The instabilities are controlled by the geometry of the material interfaces and the related intralayer stress distribution when amplitudes of the material interfaces are still low. The presented algorithm combines a deformable Lagrangian mesh with remeshing in order to accurately simulate the low‐amplitude stages of the emerging instabilities, and also to simulate the large‐strain evolution of the structures emerging from these instabilities. The remeshing is based on material interfaces that accurately track the boundaries between materials with strongly varying material properties (e.g., effective viscosity or power law stress exponent). We describe here the main technical details of the 3‐D algorithm. The accuracy of the 3‐D algorithm is demonstrated with comparisons between the numerical results and 2‐D and 3‐D analytical solutions for folding, necking, Rayleigh‐Taylor diapirism, and circular inclusions in viscous medium. We also benchmark the 3‐D algorithm with results of a different 2‐D finite element algorithm to test the accuracy of the large‐strain results with remeshing. Furthermore, two tests are presented that show the accuracy of the viscoelasticity implementation. PINK‐3D is also used to study 3‐D necking applied to lithospheric slab detachment, and 2‐D and 3‐D folding applied to fold nappe formation. In particular, we apply the 3‐D code to quantify and visualize the evolution of the 3‐D finite strain ellipsoid for the developing 3‐D structures.
Compositional provinces of Mars from statistical analyses of TES, GRS, OMEGA and CRISM data
Authors: Rogers A. Deanne , Hamilton Victoria E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe identified 10 distinct classes of mineral assemblage on Mars through statistical analyses of mineral abundances derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data at a spatial resolution of 8 pixels per degree. Two classes are new regions in Sinus Meridiani and northern Hellas basin. Except for crystalline hematite abundance, Sinus Meridiani exhibits compositional characteristics similar to Meridiani Planum; these two regions may share part of a common history. The northern margin of Hellas basin lacks olivine and high‐Ca pyroxene compared to terrains just outside the Hellas outer ring; this may reflect a difference in crustal compositions and/or aqueous alteration. Hesperian highland volcanic terrains are largely mapped into one class. These terrains exhibit low‐to‐intermediate potassium and thorium concentrations (from Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) data) compared to older highland terrains, indicating differences in the complexity of processes affecting mantle melts between these different‐aged terrains. A previously reported, locally observed trend toward decreasing proportions of low‐calcium pyroxene relative to total pyroxene with time is also apparent over the larger scales of our study. Spatial trends in olivine and pyroxene abundance are consistent with those observed in near‐infrared data sets. Generally, regions that are distinct in TES data also exhibit distinct elemental characteristics in GRS data, suggesting that surficial coatings are not the primary control on TES mineralogical variations, but rather reflect regional differences in igneous and large‐scale sedimentary/glacial processes. Distinct compositions measured over large, low‐dust regions from multiple data sets indicate that global homogenization of unconsolidated surface materials has not occurred.
Support of long‐wavelength topography on Mercury inferred from MESSENGER measurements of gravity and topography
Authors: James Peter B. , Zuber Maria T. , Phillips Roger J. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTo explore the mechanisms of support of surface topography on Mercury, we have determined the admittances and correlations of topography and gravity in Mercury's northern hemisphere from measurements obtained by NASA's MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft. These admittances and correlations can be interpreted in the context of a number of theoretical scenarios, including flexural loading and dynamic flow. We find that long‐wavelength (spherical harmonic degree l < 15) surface topography on Mercury is primarily supported through a combination of crustal thickness variations and deep mass anomalies. The deep mass anomalies may be interpreted either as lateral variations in mantle density or as relief on compositional interfaces. Domical topographic swells are associated with high admittances and are compensated at 300–400 km depth in the lower reaches of Mercury's mantle. Quasi‐linear topographic rises are primarily associated with shallow crustal compensation and are weakly correlated with positive mass anomalies in the mantle. The center of the Caloris basin features some of the thinnest crust on the planet, and the basin is underlain by a large negative mass anomaly. We also explore models of dynamic flow in the presence of compositional stratification above the liquid core. If there is substantial compositional stratification in Mercury's solid outer shell, relaxation of perturbed compositional interfaces may be capable of creating and sustaining long‐wavelength topography.
Core cracking and hydrothermal circulation can profoundly affect Ceres' geophysical evolution
Authors: Neveu Marc , Desch Steven J. , Castillo‐Rogez Julie C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObservations and models of Ceres suggest that its evolution was shaped by interactions between liquid water and silicate rock. Hydrothermal processes in a heated core require both fractured rock and liquid. Using a new core cracking model coupled to a thermal evolution code, we find volumes of fractured rock always large enough for significant interaction to occur. Therefore, liquid persistence is key. It is favored by antifreezes such as ammonia, by silicate dehydration which releases liquid, and by hydrothermal circulation itself, which enhances heat transport into the hydrosphere. The effect of heating from silicate hydration seems minor. Hydrothermal circulation can profoundly affect Ceres' evolution: it prevents core dehydration via “temperature resets,” core cooling events lasting ∼50 Myr during which Ceres' interior temperature profile becomes very shallow and its hydrosphere is largely liquid. Whether Ceres has experienced such extensive hydrothermalism may be determined through examination of its present‐day structure. A large, fully hydrated core (radius 420 km) would suggest that extensive hydrothermal circulation prevented core dehydration. A small, dry core (radius 350 km) suggests early dehydration from short‐lived radionuclides, with shallow hydrothermalism at best. Intermediate structures with a partially dehydrated core seem ambiguous, compatible both with late partial dehydration without hydrothermal circulation, and with early dehydration with extensive hydrothermal circulation. Thus, gravity measurements by the Dawn orbiter, whose arrival at Ceres is imminent, could help discriminate between scenarios for Ceres' evolution.
Soil greenhouse gas emissions and carbon budgeting in a short‐hydroperiod floodplain wetland
Authors: Batson Jackie , Noe Gregory B. , Hupp Cliff R. , Krauss Ken W. , Rybicki Nancy B. , Schenk Edward R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the controls on floodplain carbon (C) cycling is important for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and the potential for C sequestration in river‐floodplain ecosystems. We hypothesized that greater hydrologic connectivity would increase C inputs to floodplains that would not only stimulate soil C gas emissions but also sequester more C in soils. In an urban Piedmont river (151 km2watershed) with a floodplain that is dry most of the year, we quantified soil CO2, CH4, and N2O net emissions along gradients of floodplain hydrologic connectivity, identified controls on soil aerobic and anaerobic respiration, and developed a floodplain soil C budget. Sites were chosen along a longitudinal river gradient and across lateral floodplain geomorphic units (levee, backswamp, and toe slope). CO2emissions decreased downstream in backswamps and toe slopes and were high on the levees. CH4and N2O fluxes were near zero; however, CH4emissions were highest in the backswamp. Annual CO2emissions correlated negatively with soil water‐filled pore space and positively with variables related to drier, coarser soil. Conversely, annual CH4emissions had the opposite pattern of CO2. Spatial variation in aerobic and anaerobic respiration was thus controlled by oxygen availability but was not related to C inputs from sedimentation or vegetation. The annual mean soil CO2emission rate was 1091 g C m−2 yr−1, the net sedimentation rate was 111 g C m−2 yr−1, and the vegetation production rate was 240 g C m−2 yr−1, with a soil C balance (loss) of −338 g C m−2 yr−1. This floodplain is losing C likely due to long‐term drying from watershed urbanization.
A bivariate extension of theHosking andWallis goodness‐of‐fit measure for regional distributions
Authors: Kjeldsen T. R. , Prosdocimi I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study presents a bivariate extension of the goodness‐of‐fit measure for regional frequency distributions developed by Hosking and Wallis (1993) for use with the method of L‐moments. Utilizing the approximate joint normal distribution of the regional L‐skewness and L‐kurtosis, a graphical representation of the confidence region on the L‐moment diagram can be constructed as an ellipsoid. Candidate distributions can then be accepted where the corresponding theoretical relationship between the L‐skewness and L‐kurtosis intersects the confidence region, and the chosen distribution would be the one that minimizes the Mahalanobis distance measure. Based on a set of Monte Carlo simulations, it is demonstrated that the new bivariate measure generally selects the true population distribution more frequently than the original method. Results are presented to show that the new measure remains robust when applied to regions where the level of intersite correlation is at a level found in real world regions. Finally the method is applied to two different case studies involving annual maximum peak flow data from Italian and British catchments to identify suitable regional frequency distributions.