bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidities after maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Chan Jimmy Yu Wai , Tsang Raymond King Yin , Wei William Ignace 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the complications after maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy.MethodsSalvage nasopharyngectomy was performed for 338 patients during 1990 to 2012. Patient and tumor characteristics, perioperative and intraoperative information, and long‐term morbidities were analyzed.ResultsThere were significantly more patients with locally advanced tumors (rT3 and rT4) operated during the recent study period (2002–2012). However, the mean operative time and blood loss was significantly lower than in the earlier period (1990–2001). There was no hospital mortality. There was a significant reduction in the postoperative trismus and palatal fistula formation. Patients with locally advanced tumor, particularly those who required adjuvant chemoradiation, had a higher chance of facial numbness, nasal blockage, and swallowing problems after surgery.ConclusionSalvage nasopharyngectomy via the maxillary swing approach is safe with acceptable long‐term morbidities. Prevention of complications associated with surgery, particularly for patients with locally advanced tumors, is crucial to ensure the best outcome of surgery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 487–492, 2015
Osteoporosis Caused by Mutations in PLS3: Clinical and Bone Tissue Characteristics
Authors: Fahiminiya Somayyeh , Majewski Jacek , Al-Jallad Hadil , Moffatt Pierre , Mort John , Glorieux Francis H , Roschger Paul , Klaushofer Klaus , Rauch Frank 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Mutations in PLS3 have been identified as a cause of bone fragility in children, but the bone phenotype associated with PLS3 mutations has not been reported in detail. PLS3 is located on the X chromosome and encodes the actin-binding protein plastin 3. Here we describe skeletal findings in 4 boys from 2 families with mutations in PLS3 (c.994_995delGA; p.Asp332* in family 1; c.1433T &gt; C; p.Leu478Pro in family 2). When first evaluated between 4 and 8 years of age, these boys had a history of one to four long-bone fractures. Mild vertebral compression fractures were identified in each boy. No obvious extraskeletal disease manifestations were present. Lumbar spine areal bone mineral density (LS-aBMD) Z-scores ranged from –1.7 to –3.5, but height was normal. Iliac bone histomorphometry in 2 patients showed low trabecular bone volume and a low osteoid maturation time but normal bone formation rate and osteoclast surface. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI) did not reveal a major abnormality in bone mineralization density distribution. The 2 boys from family 1 received oral alendronate for 6 years, which normalized LS-aBMD. The mothers of the 4 boys did not have a history of fractures and had normal LS-aBMD. However, one of these mothers had low bone mass at the distal radius, as measured by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). In conclusion, hemizygous mutations in PLS3 are associated with osteoporosis and bone fragility in childhood, but in contrast to bone fragility caused by mutations in collagen type I encoding genes, there is no hypermineralization of mineralized bone matrix. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effects of Supporting Electrolytes on Spectroelectrochemical and Electrochromic Properties of Polyaniline‐poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and Poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrene sulfonic acid)‐based Electrochromic Device
Authors: Kuo Chung‐Wen , Chen Bor‐Kuan , Li Wen‐Bin , Tseng Lan‐Yu , Wu Tzi‐Yi , Tseng Ching‐Guey , Chen Ho‐Rei , Huang Yu‐Chang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractElectrochromic devices are fabricated by using polyaniline (PANI) doped with poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS) as coloring electrodes, poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT‐PSS) as complementary electrodes, and hybrid polymer electrolytes as gel electrolytes. The device based on LiClO4‐based electrolyte (weight ratio of PMMA:PC:LiClO4 = 0.7:1.1:0.3) shows the highest optical contrast and coloration efficiency (333 cm2/C) after 1200 cycles in these devices, and the color changes from pale yellow (−0.5 V) to dark blue (+2.5 V). The spectroelectrochemical and electrochromic switching properties of electrochromic devices are investigated, the maximum optical contrast (ΔT%) of electrochromic device for ITO|PANI‐PSS‖PMMA‐PC‐LiClO4‐SiO2‖PEDOT‐PSS|ITO are 31.5% at 640 nm, and electrochromic device based on LiClO4‐based electrolyte with SiO2 shows faster response time than that based on LiClO4‐based electrolyte without SiO2.
P53 Dependent Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Opening Is Required for Dexamethasone‐Induced Death of Osteoblasts
Authors: Zhen Yun‐fang , Wang Guo‐dong , Zhu Lun‐qing , Tan Shi‐ping , Zhang Fu‐yong , Zhou Xiao‐zhong , Wang Xiao‐dong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractProlonged or overdose glucocorticoids (GCs) usage is the common cause of osteoporosis. In the present study, we studied the cellular mechanism of dexamethasone (Dex)‐induce osteoblast cell death by focusing on the role of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In cultured osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells, Dex‐induced mPTP opening, which was demonstrated by mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP) decrease, cyclophilin‐D (CyPD)–adenine nucleotide translocator 1 (ANT‐1) mitochondrial complexation and cytochrome C (cyto‐C) release. The mPTP inhibitor sanglifehrin A (SfA) dramatically inhibited Dex‐induced MPP loss, cyto‐C release and MC3T3‐E1 cell death. Dex‐induced cell death requires mPTP composing protein CyPD, as CyPD inhibitor cyclosporin A (CsA) and CyPD siRNA knockdown inhibited Dex‐induced MC3T3‐E1 cell death, while CyPD overexpression aggravated Dex's cytotoxic effect. We found that Dex induced P53 phosphorylation and translocation to mitochondria, where it formed a complex with CyPD. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) siRNA knockdown, or P53 inhibition (by its inhibitor pifithrin‐α or shRNA silencing) suppressed Dex‐induced CyPD‐P53 mitochondrial association and subsequent MC3T3‐E1 cell death. Finally, in primary cultured osteoblasts, Dex‐induced cell death was inhibited by CsA, SfA or pifithrin‐α. Together, our data suggest that Dex‐induced osteoblast cell death is associated with GR‐P53‐regulated mPTP opening. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1475–1483, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ozonation of 4‐chloro‐2‐methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) in an activated sludge system
Authors: Gimeno Olga , Aguinaco Almudena , Rey Ana , Beltrán Novillo Fernando J. , Toledo Javier Rivas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe occurrence of emerging contaminants in treated municipal wastewaters is of increasing concern from health and safety points of view. Existing conventional wastewater treatment plants were not designed to remove these types of contaminants. In this work, the efficacy of an ozonation stage integrated with a biological oxidation process treating municipal urban wastewater spiked with MCPA has been assessed.RESULTSPrevious aerobic biodegradation experiments showed that MCPA was barely removed from urban wastewater; just 7.2% MCPA conversion was attained in 7 h. Total elimination of herbicide from municipal wastewater was achieved for an ozone dose of 176.5 mg O3 g−1MLVSS. After ozonation in the activated sludge process, the sludge volumetric index significantly decreased in all cases regardless of the ozonation time applied. An ozone quantity of 85.1 mg O3 g−1 MLVSS dramatically reduced the amount of filamentous bacteria (20 min ozone exposure). 40 min of ozone exposure also eliminated filamentous bacteria, although this high applied dose started to affect protozoa viability.CONCLUSIONSOzone applied directly in the biodegradation process favours MCPA elimination also improving activated settling properties. Under the conditions used, ozone is a selective disinfectant not affecting the key groups of microfauna responsible for the activated sludge process. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Pervaporation of water/ethanol mixtures through polyimide based mixed matrix membranes containing ZIF‐8, ordered mesoporous silica and ZIF‐8‐silica core‐shell spheres
Authors: Kudasheva Alina , Sorribas Sara , Zornoza Beatriz , Téllez Carlos , Coronas Joaquín 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDPervaporation (PV) is a prospective industrial process for the separation of liquid mixtures such as azeotropic and close‐boiling point. PV efficiency depends mainly on the properties of the membrane used. Hence, designing a membrane structure with high permeation rate and separation factor is an important issue.RESULTSMixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing a number of molecular sieves, i.e. metal organic framework ZIF‐8, ordered mesoporous MCM‐41 silica spheres of two sizes, 3.1 µm (MSS‐1) and 0.53 µm (MSS‐2), and ordered mesoporous silica‐(ZIF‐8) core‐shell spheres (MSS‐Z8), were prepared at different filler loadings using polyimide (PI) Matrimid® 5218 as polymeric matrix and applied in the dehydration of ethanol via PV. With MSS‐2 MMMs the PV flux was improved from 0.24 to 0.44 kg m−2 h−1 without significant changes in the separation factor compared with the bare PI membrane.CONCLUSIONSPV performance of the PI membrane was improved by adding different fillers to the polymer matrix, and the effect of porosity, hydrophilicity and particle size of the filler on the PV results was analyzed. The best result in terms of PV performance was obtained with 12 wt% MSS‐2 MMM, where the use of smaller particles yielded a superior particle–polymer interfacial area and provided better accessibility to the hydrophilic silica pores. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The evolving role of the pediatric nurse practitioner in hospital medicine
Authors: Wall Stacey , Scudamore Douglas , Chin James , Rannie Michael , Tong Suhong , Reese Jennifer , Wilson Karen 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDThis program evaluation sought to compare cost and pediatric patient outcomes among a pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) hospitalist team, a combined PNP/doctor of medicine (MD) team, and 2 resident teams without PNPs.METHODSAdministrative and electronic medical record data from July 1, 2009 to June 30, 2010 was retrospectively reviewed from Children's Hospital Colorado inpatient medical unit and inpatient satellite sites in the Children's Hospital network of care (NOC). The top 3 All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (APR‐DRG) admission codes bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) pneumonia, pneumonia not elsewhere classified (NEC), and asthma were selected for this analysis. Inpatient records representing these APR‐DRG admission codes were reviewed (N = 1664). Measures included adherence with relevant clinical care guidelines (CCGs), length of stay (LOS), and cost of care. Chi square, t tests, and analysis of variance were used to analyze between‐group differences.RESULTSApproximately 20% of these admissions were on the PNP team, 45% were on the resident teams, and 35% were on the PNP/MD team in the NOC. PNP adherence to CCGs was comparable to resident teams for selected measures. There was no significant difference in LOS among the PNP team, the PNP/MD team, and the resident teams. The direct cost of patient care per encounter provided by the PNP team was significantly less than the PNP/MD team and the resident teams.CONCLUSIONSThere is evidence to suggest that PNP hospitalists provide inpatient care comparable to resident teams at a lower cost for patients with uncomplicated bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and asthma. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:261–265. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Precipitation reconstruction for the Czech Lands, AD 1501–2010
Authors: Dobrovolný Petr , Brázdil Rudolf , Trnka Mirek , Kotyza Oldřich , Valášek Hubert 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThis contribution employs documentary‐based precipitation indices and long homogenized series of precipitation totals for quantitative reconstruction of seasonal and annual precipitation in the Czech Lands (now the Czech Republic) from AD 1501. Final calibration is based on linear regression using fully independent indices and data measured during the 1804–1854 overlap period, with subsequent variance scaling. Correlation analysis demonstrates that Czech documentary indices explain a significant amount of precipitation variability in all months and seasons of the entire overlapping period. Reconstruction results are best for annual values and for autumn (SON), for which proxy and target data share 36% of common variability. The coefficient of determination for summer (June‐July‐August – JJA) is 35%, for spring (March‐April‐May – MAM) 33%, while for winter (December‐January‐February – DJF) it is only 26%. Verification statistics [reduction of error (RE), coefficient of efficiency (CE)] computed for early (1804–1829) and late (1830–1854) overlapping periods indicate acceptable reconstruction skill for precipitation indices in JJA and annual values. However, for the other seasons they failed in the early or late calibration period, indicating possible chronological instability of reconstruction results in MAM, SON (September‐October‐November), and DJF seasons. The final reconstructions are complemented with uncertainty estimates. Reconstructed Czech precipitation series do not indicate long‐term trends but reveal quite high inter‐annual and inter‐decadal variability. Smoothed reconstructed DJF and JJA precipitation totals show the highest values in the second part of the 16th century, while the driest 30‐year period occurred during the 18th century in DJF, MAM, JJA, and in annual series. Direct comparisons with two other reconstructions (tree‐ring‐based for southern Moravia and gridded multi‐proxy for Central Europe) not only show significant correlations for a substantial part of the common period, but also disclose several periods with loss of coherence. Finally, uncertainties in reconstructions are discussed.
Effect of freezing on the release rate of gentamicin palmitate and gentamicin sulfate from bone tissue
Authors: Coraça‐Huber Débora C. , Wurm Alexander , Fille Manfred , Hausdorfer Johann , Nogler Michael , Kühn Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study we evaluated gentamicin palmitate salt and gentamicin sulfate salt mixed with bone chips after storage at −80°C. Different concentration rates of gentamicin sulfate and gentamicin palmitate were mixed with human bone chips and stored for 1–6 months at −80°C. Nonstored samples were used as control. The release of the antibiotics from the bone was carried out in phosphate‐buffered saline. Antibiotic concentrations in the elutions were determined with microbiological agar diffusion assay using Bacillus subtilis. Susceptibility tests were carried out using Staphylococci strains. The rate of gentamicin base (GB) released from bone was similar for all gentamicin salts and all storage conditions. The elutions released were efficient on reducing S. aureus and S. epidermidis CFU during all storage time. In resume, the capacity of bone grafts to act as gentamicin carriers has been confirmed in this study. GS + GP showed equivalent efficacy against S. aureus and S. epidermidis compared with GS pure. The lower delivery rate of GS + GP, related to its affinity with fat tissue can be an advantage for longer release times, increasing the local protection against infections. Storage at −80°C does not interfere on the gentamicin salts activity used. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:842–847, 2014.
Screening DNA chip and event‐specific multiplex PCR detection methods for biotech crops
Authors: Lee Seong‐Hun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are about 80 biotech crop events that have been approved by safety assessment in Korea. They have been controlled by genetically modified organism (GMO) and living modified organism (LMO) labeling systems. The DNA‐based detection method has been used as an efficient scientific management tool. Recently, the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA chip have been developed as simultaneous detection methods for several biotech crops' events.RESULTSThe event‐specific multiplex PCR method was developed to detect five biotech maize events: MIR604, Event 3272, LY 038, MON 88017 and DAS‐59122‐7. The specificity was confirmed and the sensitivity was 0.5%. The screening DNA chip was developed from four endogenous genes of soybean, maize, cotton and canola respectively along with two regulatory elements and seven genes: P35S, tNOS, pat, bar, epsps1, epsps2, pmi, cry1Ac and cry3B. The specificity was confirmed and the sensitivity was 0.5% for four crops' 12 events: one soybean, six maize, three cotton and two canola events.CONCLUSIONThe multiplex PCR and DNA chip can be available for screening, gene‐specific and event‐specific analysis of biotech crops as efficient detection methods by saving on workload and time. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A high‐efficiency holographic waveguide display system with a prism in‐coupler
Authors: Wu Zhengming , Liu Juan , Wang Yongtian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHolographic waveguide display system with high efficiency is presented by embedding an in‐coupling prism and an out‐coupling reflective volume holographic element, which enables a small‐type configuration. The improved coupling scheme can achieve 25% efficiency and the chromatic is corrected properly.
Five‐year hearing results with the shape memory nitinol stapes prosthesis
Authors: Lavy Jeremy , Khalil Sherif 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the long‐term (5‐year) results of the shape‐memory nitinol stapes piston in the surgical treatment of otosclerosis.Study DesignRetrospective case review in a tertiary referral center.MethodsThe patients were adults with clinically proven otosclerosis undergoing stapedotomy. Stapedotomy and ossicular chain reconstruction using a shape‐memory nitinol stapes piston were performed. The main outcome measure was masked air and bone conduction audiometry.ResultsForty‐eight out of a potential 58 ears had complete audiometric data. The mean preoperative air‐bone gap was 29.2 dB (standard deviation [SD] 9.4). The postoperative gap at 1 year was 4.6 dB (SD 3.1), and P at 5 years was 7.0 dB (SD 6.2).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the Smart piston provides a stable long‐term hearing result in the surgical treatment of otosclerosis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:2591–2593, 2014
Modification of the lund‐kennedy endoscopic scoring system improves its reliability and correlation with patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Psaltis Alkis J. , Li Gang , Vaezeafshar Reza , Cho Kyu‐Sup , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo compare three existing endoscopic scoring systems and a newly proposed modified scoring system for the assessment of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignBlinded, prospective cohort study.MethodsCRS patients completed two patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs)—the visual analogue scale (VAS) symptom score and the Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22)—and then underwent a standardized, recorded sinonasal endoscopy. Videos were scored by three blinded rhinologists using three scoring systems: the Lund‐Kennedy (LK) endoscopic score; the Discharge, Inflammation, Polyp (DIP) score; and the Perioperative Sinonasal Endoscopic score. The videos were further scored using a modified Lund‐Kennedy (MLK) endoscopic scoring system, which retains the LK subscores of polyps, edema, and discharge but eliminates the scoring of scarring and crusting. The systems were compared for test‐retest and inter‐rater reliability as well as for their correlation with PROMs.ResultsOne hundred two CRS patients were enrolled. The MLK system showed the highest inter‐rater and test‐retest reliability of all scoring systems. All systems except for the DIP correlated with total VAS scores. The MLK was the only system that correlated with the symptom subscore of the SNOT‐22 in both unoperated and postoperative patients.ConclusionsModification of the LK system by excluding the subscores of scarring and crusting improves its reliability and its correlation with PROMs. In addition, the MLK system retains the familiarity of the widely used LK system and is applicable to any patient irrespective of surgical status. The MLK system may be a more suitable and reliable endoscopic scoring system for clinical practice and outcomes research.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope 124:2216–2223, 2014
Trapped photons at a Dirac point: a new horizon for photonic crystals
Authors: Xie Kang , Jiang Haiming , Boardman Allan D. , Liu Yong , Wu Zhenhai , Xie Ming , Jiang Ping , Xu Quan , Yu Ming , Davis Lionel E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractOptical cavities and waveguides are essential building blocks of many modern optical devices. They rely upon photonic bandgaps, or total internal reflections, to achieve field confinement. Here a new phenomenon is reported of wave localization that is attributable to neither of the above light guiding mechanisms. It is found that what is known as the Dirac point within a photonic band structure can play the role of a photonic bandgap with the establishment of field confinement. The new localized mode occurs at a Dirac frequency that is beyond any complete photonic bandgap, and exhibits a unique algebraic profile. The features of this new wave localization will add new capabilities and more flexibility to the design techniques of novel photonic components and photonic chip architectures.
Functionalization of TiO2 Nanoparticles with Semiconducting Polymers Containing a Photocleavable Anchor Group and Separation via Irradiation Afterward
Authors: Mathias Florian , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Tremel Wolfgang , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: February 2014

The controlled radical polymerization (RAFT polymerization) of semiconducting polymers based on poly(4,4′‐dimethyl‐triphenylamine) is described. These polymers are afterward end‐functionalized with a photocleavable group and an anchor unit (catechol) for oxidic nanoparticles (NPs). Serving as a reference, polystyrene oligomers with the same end groups are also synthesized. Using these polymers allows functionalization of the TiO2‐NPs, leading to an improved solubility and miscibility in organic solvents or polymer matrices. Irradiation in the UV region is used to split the photocleavable group and remove the polymer chains from the NPs, which leads to their aggregation.
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