bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the Control of Confined-Space Entry Through the Implementation of an Operational Standard and Competence-Based Training
Authors: Wilkinson Tony , Burns Kenny , Simpson Alan , Walker Kirsty , Hunter Martin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper presents the approach taken to continually improve the safety and control of operations involving confined space entry through the use of a common standard and associated competence-based training.
A new company confined-space standard and competence-based training program has been developed by subject matter experts using a collaborative approach incorporating industry best practice and operational lessons learned. Implementation of the standard required the development of competence-based training, given that personnel competency is a key component in conducting safe operations.
This paper presents the process used to identify the organisation's risk exposure related to confined space entry, the level of implementation of appropriate control measures and adequacy of legacy training content. The information gathered was used to develop a confined space entry standard and associated tiered training program. The training offering incorporates basic awareness, practical workplace application as well as train-the-trainer to provide workplace support and assure the competency of personnel involved in all aspects of confined-space entry operations.
The training involves the delivery of knowledge-based and application-based training in a controlled training environment together with the completion of applied learning in the workplace. Training is completed using a confined-space simulator to provide a real-life experience of both normal operating conditions and emergency rescue. The inability to respond effectively in the event of a rescue situation is often the cause of confined space entry fatal incidents. Emphasis throughout the theoretical and practical training is placed on the importance of properly planned operations, which includes the ability to react and respond to emergency situations.
Land-Based Disposal Rules and Regulations: How Three Different High-Performance Fluids Rate in Three Different Regions
Authors: Djuric Ana 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Not all drilling fluids are created equal. With that being said, not all rules and regulations applicable to the management and disposal of drilling waste are either. The intent of this paper is to impose three different disposal standards to one basic KClreference drilling fluid and threehigh-performance drilling fluid formulations to compare and contrast the differences in disposal compliance. The three selected drilling waste-disposal standards in this study includeGermany's GWK Standard for Groundwater Protection, Alberta's Directive 50, and Louisiana's 29-B Order.
This paper is intended to present a glimpse into the complexities of drilling waste disposal and compliance around the world and that the subjective prioritization of variables in the protection of groundwater, surface freshwater, agriculture, soil, human health, fauna, and flora are regionally driven. As harmonization of these rules and regulations may not necessarily be feasible on a global level, a "one-size-fits-all" approach to drilling fluid selection for the purpose of environmental compliance is not likely. The purpose of this study is not to establish which regulations are betterthan others, but rather to compare and contrast how regional ruling impacts fluid selection and subsequent drilling waste disposal. The relative ranking of fluid preference by region was determined by implementing consistent operational assumptions surroundingexploration and production (E&P) waste handling, treatment, and disposal.
Making a Difference: Two Years' Experience Implementing an Integrated Environmental and Social Standard
Authors: Rogers E. , Tarzumanov O. S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
BP operates in many countries around the world and has established a process that seeks to provide consistent identification, management and reporting of potential environmental and social impacts, including those associated with sensitive and fragile environments.
Environmental requirements for new projects have been in place in BP since 2006 (Rogers and Spence, 2008). In April 2010 the company updated the requirements and approved them as an environmental and social practice. This BP practice now integrates and mandates environmental, social, community health, security and human rights issues. It requires applicable projects to identify very early in business planning what the potential impacts might be and how they will be avoided and/ or managed.
This paper describes the methodology of this integrated practice and presents specific examples of how it is implemented in our business. Case studies describe the types of issues that are typically identified and the business advantages of early identification, avoidance and reduction of potential impacts. The impact identification methodology is described in relation to examples taken from projects in diverse environments. Two years of implementation experience including unintended release identification and management are shared through specific project examples.
The process for managing potential impacts to International Protected Areas, set out in this practice, is described using examples from seismic activities in Australia and exploration drilling in the UK. Assurance is a vital part of assessing progress, and the paper concludes with a review of implementation progress.
Non-Technical Risk Leadership: Integration and Execution
Authors: Brewer Linda , McKeeman Ryan 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Today's operating environment faces a rising tide of stakeholder scrutiny, increased drilling and operating costs as well as rising cost of capital. Economic globalization brought us closer to the frontiers of accessing and developing new resources while the globalization of telecommunications brought our stakeholders immediate connectivity. Organizations are now being challenged to take a more critical look at how risk management, HSE performance, organizational culture, and project execution are central to sustainability performance and securing their license to grow.
Securing and maintaining a license to operate is no longer enough; it is the "new normal." Whereas the focus before was building a reputation to operate in the current block, we must now look to develop the current block with the aim of attaining preferred access to the next block. In order to secure your license to grow, you must demonstrate a track record of socially responsible and environmentally sensitive project development. Our organizational processes do not currently or consistently take this new requirement into account.
In addition to being a powerful source of market differentiation, sustainability performance can also help manage critical Non-Technical Risks (NTR). The identification and early management of NTR, such as community-related issues and sensitive environments can significantly improve current and future Net Present Value (NPV) and an asset owner's ability to access critical areas of market growth. These same NTR can account for up to 70–75% of cost and schedule failures in projects in the form of schedule delays and cost overruns, lost deal opportunities, and a host of stakeholder-related issues. In the current landscape, there is no major oil and gas company that has established itself as the leader in the arena of NTR. The opportunity is now for a leader to emerge.
In this document we explore the: Common NTR requirements across the oil and gas industry;Progress that is being made against management of the NTR;Emergence of non-technical performance (NTP) metrics; andOrganizational changes that are being made to optimize NTP and to more aggressively manage project NPV.
Community Based Emergency Preparedness as Key Part in Anticipation Mass Casualties in Surrounding Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: K Eko Susetyo , Adinugroho Kusuma , Asih Miko 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Conflicts and potential problems have always been inevitable when our operational area borders with where community resides. It is particularly true when there is a significant gap of differences between those living beyond the fence and those inside. Additionally, such condition provides an exposure towards hazardous risk and disastrous potential as part of the operational risks to the community.
To embrace and encourage the community to participate in the safeguarding of safety and security of both operational area as well as living area, TOTAL E&P INDONESIE (TEPI) deployed a training of Community Based Emergency & Disaster Preparedness (CBE&DP). The CBE&DP training has trained 2.223 personnel, consisting of local influential people, youngsters, educationalist, police, military and health personnel, from 5 sub-districts surrounding TEPI's operational area. The training volunteers were prepared to assist TEPI in securing and rescuing people in the case of disastrous emergency and to provide early warning to TEPI when a potential hazardous event occurs (e.g. oil spill). Some volunteers will be selected to follow the advance training to assist TEPI's Emergency and Rescue Team in handling a larger scale of disaster.
The data base of the volunteers and local disaster map will be incorporated into Geographic Information System (GIS) as well as Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) of Emergency Response Plan (ERP). The integration of the data will allow an easier coordination in the time of crisis and disaster. The volunteer's ordinate data can easily be displayed on screen to allow direct coordination with Emergency Control Center (ECC) / TEPI's Emergency Committee (TIEC).
Several advantages obtained as result of the integration are: A better and more harmonious relationship with communities surrounding the operational area.The participation of community as an agent of early warning, at the precautionary stage, early stage of disaster period (golden period) and rescue stage.From economical point of view, to get the participation of community into the effort of safety and security is comparatively efficient and effective than to recruit professionals.Early information and warning conveyed by community may avoid a bigger disaster and catastrophic event, and therefore, it will minimize number of casualties and property damage.
Local Business Empowerment Program, a Translation of Local Content Policy
Authors: Suprapti Suprapti , Djatmiko Rochmat , Adinugroho Kusuma 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Common aims of the business have been evolved from Profit centered towards two other Ps which are equally important: People and Planet (environment). In the last decade, oil and gas industries all over the world received more and more pressure from external as well internal stakeholders to give attention to the environment and people aspects. A results of a study launched recently, stated that a project with the same size will take double time and needs 5–10 times of investment compare to ten years ago. Surprisingly, 73% of the delays were caused by non technical aspects. These are in line with the greater challenges in the oil and gas industry which is "no easy oil and gas, and the "sustainability issues" including environmental, societal as well as economy aspects. In early 2000s many initiatives launched to address the global sustainable issues i.e. Millennium Development Goals, Climate Change Adaption, HIV/AIDS prevention, etc. Since then, O&G industries are also obliged to support the achievement of those initiatives.
Total Group response to address the Sustainable development challenges through: Controlling and reducing the impact of the industry's activities on people and the environment Systematic assessment of social and environmental impact (i.e. AMDAL, ESBS-Environment and Societal Baseline Survey, ESIA-Environment and Social Impact Assessment) prior to operations activities, and monitor recommendations and action plan. Establishment Societal Studies and Societal Data CenterEducation and anticipative communication with communities through Government infrastructuresCommunication to all stakeholders, including internal stakeholdersDesignated team for Land Management and Claims ResolutionCertification and operations ISO 14001Programs to limit Green-House Gases emissionsBurn-pits decommissioning programContributing to the economic and social development of stakeholdersContributing to the economic and social development of stakeholdersAnticipating tomorrow's needs
Referring to the Total Group Policy and guide on sustainable development, TOTAL E&P INDONESIE (TEPI) committed through its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to bring the maximum benefits for the People and the State of Indonesia and under the guidance of BPMIGAS, TEPI is intensely involved in Education, Research and Capacity Building (ERC), Health and Nutrition (HN), Community Economic Empowerment (CEE), Environment and Alternative Energies (EAE) and has established Yayasan Bhakti TOTAL Bagi Indonesia Lestari for Cultural Heritage Preservation. In addition, the combination of the five focuses in tandem with the improved local content implementation contributing to the attainment of the local acceptability and permit to operate. Considering the importance of the local content in the core business and to show Total commitment to the local economic development as part of its operation, Total Group provided Local Content Policy and guide.
Community Outreach: A Strategic Method of Value Creation
Authors: Overton Cindy 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Most companies have community outreach efforts and convince themselves it is integral to their standing in the community, their reputation, their ability to recruit the best candidates, among a host of other potential benefits. Yet there are often gaps in approach and coverage that result in lower performance.
Community outreach in many companies involves some degree of community volunteerism and charitable giving. However, such efforts are often tactical, isolated from other corporate business goals, and not well aligned with long-term community sustainability needs thus missing valuable opportunities to engage and to align activities for greater all around value creation. When approached strategically, non-profits can open doors to vibrant and progressive sectors of the community, and provide resources for companies seeking opportunities to partner with local communities.
This paper will examine how companies manage community outreach efforts identifying the current standard of practice and underscore best practices. It will explore community expectations and how companies influence those expectations. It will also examine how non-profits benefit from understanding how they can aid in corporate value generation, if they are willing to work together, and be willing to look for common ground. Finally, the paper will propose a value generation model that can be used to interact with communities and nonprofits.
The concepts identified in the paper will be broadly applicable: companies of any size will be able to adopt these concepts, and apply them in any community.
Companies able to abandon tactical approaches and focus community outreach efforts strategically, have the potential to garner real benefits, including managing business risk, better reputation, more engaged and satisfied employees, as well as show alignment with their corporate sustainability initiatives and foster win-win relationships with communities and non-profits.
Considerations for the Application of Controlled In-Situ Burning
Authors: Mabile Neré J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The burning of oil in place (in situ) on water is a viable means to mitigate the impact of marine oil spills. This paper defines three phases of decision-making, prioritizes the key issues of each phase, and proposes a process for analyzing the issues when considering controlled in-situ burning as an early response option in both icy and warm conditions. Also provided is a fact-based consideration of safe practices, such as those involving potential personnel exposure, sealife exposure, ignition control, fire control, and vessel safety. Controlled in-situ burning can be initiated on a pre-approved or case-by-case basis, and there is generally a short operational time window during which it can be effectively utilized; therefore, quick, informed decision-making is imperative. This paper provides a discussion of these factors, along with a knowledge base of best practices that includes general categories of considerations, decision-making support tools, and specific operational approaches. The Deepwater Horizon response is used to illustrate both the operational approaches and the three decision-making phases. Because of its long history of research, testing, and use during spills, as well as positive environmental tradeoffs, controlled ISB is now considered by many to be a conventional response option.
Challenging Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Vasiliu Cornelia Cretiu , Pierce Dale , Bertrand Kelly 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
From the point-of-view of a solutions provider the wastewater treatment should be straight forward: once given the composition of the feed and the required composition of the effluent, today's technology allows formulating a set of solutions which best meets the operator's and the regulatory criteria.
The problem with wastewater in the unconventional gas exploration and production operations is that there are large volumes to be handled and treated. To add complexity, composition varies for the same well in time and varies even more from area to area of development. Also, the requirements for the cleaned fluid vary from operator to operator and by region. Moreover, management of the water based fluids is under the pressure and scrutiny of various regulating agencies: public, privately, or governmentally run. All these constraints make the vetting of treatment methods and technologies to be a very dynamic and intensive process.
Our findings during the process of formulating a set of solutions shows that a deep understanding of the problems, combined with close collaboration with the operators and regulators along with solid basic engineering practices are the key to success. Our experience would benefit the new developments in other unconventional exploration and production area in Asia by showing the steps that were undertaken to insure solutions are up to the highest standards.
The process of finding and testing various waste water treatment technologies to formulate a flexible comprehensive set of methods will be described. Laboratory results of various samples of water will be presented as well as the challenges that were overcome for obtaining consistent, reliable analytical data. The oilfield tough requirement presented to new technologies translates as: rugged, flexible, mobile, and low cost.
Sustainable Investment in Extractive Industry Development: Implementation of Vector-borne Disease and Pest Control for Workforce Protection in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Bangs Michael J. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Malaria and other vector-borne diseases can greatly impact industrial activities caused by excess lost work time and reduced production output to compromised quality of life of employees. In response, a major development project in Papua New Guinea commissioned the design and implementation of an integrated vector control program (VCP) and complementary pest control activities on site. The steps and tools required to implement a comprehensive vector control program spanning a large area is outlined. To develop a properly scaled, comprehensive health intervention program, a site risk assessment followed by detailed site-specific program scoping including staff, training, equipment and consumables, transportation needs, and work and storage facilities is an essential first step. Pre-construction building design and standards should be established to reduce vector-human contact and determine locations for accommodations to minimize disease risk. Worker awareness (induction, toolbox sessions, etc.) and personal protection measures (e.g. permethrin-treated clothing, topical repellents and insecticide aerosols) must be freely available. Various anti-mosquito capabilities combining environmentally sound adult and larval control methods are available and used in the most effective and efficient manner possible. Larval mosquito control, combines ‘source reduction’ practices, larval habitat modification and chemical applications where applicable. Use of biological/bio-rational products are directed at specific mosquito habitats. For adult mosquitoes, conservative use of insecticides applied as space sprays are a primary means of control. Enhancing cost-efficiency and program success is based on real-time evidence from temporally-relevant monitoring of vector populations and disease occurrence in workforce. These procedures represent an evidence-based, responsive VCP with a public health pest control component included. For truly sustainable integrated vector management program, a systematic transference of technical and administrative capacity to the national workforce is required. Since the program's inception the site has been effectively free of transmission of malaria, dengue and other endemic insect-borne disease within the control area.
Practical Realities of Project Financing through Equator Principles Financial Institutions
Authors: Tucker Joey , Kane Steven E. , Twyford Chris C. , Critchfield Scott L , Hayes Bruce E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The Equator Principles (EPs) are now well recognised in the financial industry as a form of risk management. At first glance, EPs might be construed as social altruism financed by an Operator's budget. In actuality, EPs are the financial industry standard to assess, mitigate, document and monitor the credit and reputation risk associated with project-affected ecosystems and communities.
There are a range of tools available, such as the International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards (PSs), to mitigate the environmental and social risks associated with major developments and to strive for socially responsible development. This paper describes the background and intent of the EPs as a risk management tool for making sound business decisions.
In a difficult financial climate, informed operators with robust environmental management systems will be able to access EP funding. This does not necessarily imply creation of new sets of project or operational standards. Rather, a well-developed roadmap linking the operator's existing standards to specific EPs will satisfy many EP expectations.