Combat Medics’ Preparedness to Serve as Behavioral Health Extenders in Forward Environments
Authors: Mesias George A , Nugent Katie L , Clarke-Walper Kristina M , Sampson Mary K , Wilk Joshua E 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Future multidomain operational combat environments will require combat medics to play a larger role in managing behavioral health (BH) conditions in forward environments, as soldiers in small teams may have them as their sole medical support for extended periods of time. Previously they were not expected to serve in this role, and thus, they receive minimal BH training. It is unknown to what extent combat medics consider BH tasks as falling within their scope of practice and how often they engage with their soldiers currently related to BH. Qualitative research suggests that many medics feel inadequately prepared to handle BH problems. Our aim is to further assess medic attitudes and behaviors related to BH to better understand the landscape of medic preparedness to fill an expanded role.

Materials and Methods
Data from 292 medics were collected before their participation in the BH Guidelines for mEdic Assessment and Response training, a day-long training for medics expected to deploy to far-forward environments. We investigated whether combat medics engage with their soldiers in areas related to BH, the extent to which they consider BH-related tasks as part of their scope of practice, and how confident they feel engaging in various BH-related tasks. We explored associations between medics’ attitudes related to BH scope of practice and confidence performing BH tasks with gender, rank, component (National Guard vs. Active Duty), work-related BH experience, having suicide training in the past year, and having ever sought help for BH.

Results
Results indicated that in the past month, 61.4% of medics discussed BH issues, 48.3% assessed BH problems, and 41.3% provided interventions for BH problems with at least one soldier in their unit. Assessment tasks were more frequently endorsed as falling within medic’s scope of practice (75%-95%) than intervention tasks (62%-83%). More medics felt confident doing assessments (39%-49% moderately confident or greater) than providing interventions (31%-37% moderately confident or greater). Medics expressed highest confidence in assessing for suicide risk (49% moderate confidence or greater). Medics with a lot of prior BH work experience and non-commissioned officers (as compared to junior enlisted) reported greater confidence in most tasks. Receiving suicide training in the past year was associated with greater confidence assessing for suicide, as well as providing interventions for suicide, general BH problems, and substance abuse.

Conclusions
Most medics agreed that numerous BH tasks fell within the scope of their work, but few felt confident engaging in those tasks. These findings support a need for additional training in BH-related tasks across the force. Exploring ways to provide medics BH-related work rotations would augment their general proficiency as first-line treatment providers for soldiers in combat units, and increased training in BH-related tasks should be studied to determine its ability to increase competency and confidence. If medics can learn to assess and recognize BH concerns before they escalate to needing specialty BH care, this could potentially reduce the burden on BH clinics, as well as strengthen the overall force.