bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of supplementation of grazing Nellore cows with β‐carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on follicle diameter, oestrus, establishment of pregnancy, and foetal morphometry
Authors: Factor L. , Vasconcellos G. S. F. M. , Carvalho V. V. , Acedo T. , Cortinhas C. , Chebel R. C. , Baruselli P. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of supplementation of Nellore (Bos indicus) cows with β‐carotene + vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin on body condition score (BCS), oestrus, pregnancy, and foetal morphometry. Lactating cows (n = 497) from two herds were balanced for BCS and calving period [early calving (EC); late calving (LC)] and were assigned randomly to: Control (n = 251)—supplementation with a mineral supplement; and SUP (n = 246)—supplementation with the mineral supplement fed to control + β‐carotene (150 mg/day) + vitamin A (40,000 IU/day) + vitamin D3 (5000 IU/day) + vitamin E (300 mg/day) + biotin (20 mg/day). Cows were supplemented from Days −30 to 30 (Day 0 = timed artificial insemination; TAI). Pregnancy was diagnosed 30 days after TAI and foetal crown‐rump distance and thoracic diameter were measured at 30 and 77 days of gestation. Cows in the SUP treatment were more likely to have BCS ≥3.0 on Day 0 (63.0 ± 3.1 vs. 60.2 ± 3.1; p < .01) and were more likely to gain BCS from Days −30 to 30 (57.7 ± 3.3 vs. 44.1 ± 3.3%; p < .01). Fewer LC cows in the SUP treatment were detected in oestrus at the time of the first TAI (Control: LC: 75.4 ± 4.4 vs. SUP: LC: 64.0 ± 5.2 vs. Control: EC: 65.3 ± 4.0 vs. SUP: EC: 71.8 ± 3.7; p = .04). There was a tendency for the SUP treatment to increase pregnancy to the first TAI (64.2 ± 3.0 vs. 56.6 ± 3.1%; p = .08). A greater percentage of SUP cows was detected in oestrus at the time of the second TAI (70.1 ± 5.0 vs. 52.3 ± 4.8%; p = .01). The SUP treatment increased pregnancy to the second TAI among LC cows (SUP: LC: 75.9 ± 8.0% vs. Control: LC: 50.0 ± 8.3% vs. Control: EC: 52.0 ± 5.9% vs. SUP: EC: 41.4 ± 6.5%; p = .02). The SUP treatment increased foetal size (crown‐rump; p = .04 and thoracic diameter; p < .01) at 30 days of gestation and, despite decreasing crow‐rump length at 77 days after the first TAI among EC cows (p < .01), it increased the thoracic diameter at 77 days after the first TAI independent of calving season. Our results support that pregnancy establishment and foetal growth can be improved when grazing Nellore cows are supplemented with β‐carotene and vitamins A + D3 + E + biotin.
DUETS for Light's in separating exudate from transudate
Authors: Gardiner Astrid , Ling Ryan , Chan Yiong‐Huak , Porcel Jose , Lee Y. C. Gary , Teoh Chia‐Meng , Liew Mei‐Fong , Kapur Jeevesh , Low Seow‐Ping , Lee Pyng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundFifty years since its inception, Light's criteria have aided in classifying pleural effusions (PEs) as exudates if 1 or more criteria are met. Thoracic ultrasound (US) emerges as a non‐invasive technique for point of care use especially if pleural procedures are contemplated.ObjectiveWe aimed to develop a score based on radiological and US features that could separate exudates from transudates without serum and pleural fluid biochemical tests necessary for Light's criteria.MethodsA prospective review of consecutive patients with PE who underwent thoracocentesis was performed. CXRs were evaluated for laterality followed by US for echogenicity, pleural nodularity, thickening and septations. PE was classified as exudate or transudate according to Light's criteria and corroborated with albumin gradient. A score combining radiological and US features was developed.ResultsWe recruited 201 patients with PE requiring thoracocentesis. Mean age was 64 years, 51% were females, 164 (81.6%) were exudates, and 37 (18.4%) were transudates. Assigning 1‐point for Diaphragmatic nodularity, Unilateral, Echogenicity, Pleural Thickening and Septations, DUETS ranged from 1 to 5. DUETS ≥2 indicated high likelihood for exudate (PPV 98.8%, NPV 100%) with 1% misclassification versus 6.9% using Light's criteria (p < 0.001).ConclusionDUETS separated exudates from transudates with good accuracy, and could obviate paired serum and pleural fluid tests necessary for Light's criteria computation. Our study reflected real world practice where DUETS performed better than Light's criteria for PE that arose from more than one disease processes, and in the evaluation of patients with PE who have received diuretics.
Screening Sportsmen and Sportswomen Over Age 35: The Relevance of an Exercise Electrocardiogram. Data From the SEEPRED Study
Authors: Hupin David , Oriol Mathieu , Laukkanen Jari A. , Abraham Pierre , Dulac Nathan , Laugier Simon , Trauchessec Guillaume , Carmaux Antoine , Haber Benjamain , Bertoletti Laurent , Costa Antoine Da , Roche Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe importance of exercise electrocardiogram (ECG) is still controversial in the prevention of cardiovascular events among sportsmen and sportswomen. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of exercise ECG as a screening tool to prevent cardiovascular events when any cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are present.MethodsThe study included leisure time asymptomatic sportsmen and sportswomen over age 35 evaluated from 2011 to 2016 at the University Hospital of Saint‐Etienne (France). Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and atrial fibrillation were collected at 3 years.ResultsOf the cohort of 2457 sportsmen and sportswomen (mean age 50.2 ± 9.4 years), 50 (2%) had a high‐risk SCORE2. A total of 256 exercise ECGs (10%) were defined as positive, most of them due to silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) (n = 196; 8%). These 196 SMI cases led to 33 coronary angiograms (1%), which revealed 23 significant coronary stenoses requiring revascularization. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, having at least two CVD risk factors was independently associated with (1) positive exercise ECG (OR = 1.80 [95% CI: 1.29–2.52], p = 0.0006), with (2) suspected SMI (OR = 2.57 [95% CI: 1.10–6.02], p = 0.0304), with (3) confirmed SMI (OR = 8.20 [95% CI: 3.46–19.46], p < 0.0001) and with (4) cardiovascular events (MACE or atrial fibrillation) (OR = 6.95 [95% CI: 3.49–13.81], p < 0.0001) at 3 years (median).ConclusionsThe study supports the European recommendations for the use of exercise ECG in evaluation of asymptomatic leisure time sportsmen over age 35. Having at least two CVD risk factors was the best predictor for presence of coronary artery stenosis that may increase the risk for adverse events.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06024863
Regional Identities in a Re‐Territorialising World: From thinning cosmopolitan to thickening resistance identities
Authors: Terlouw Kees 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the current relevance of Anssi Paasi's 2002 paper Bounded Spaces in the Mobile World: Deconstructing ‘Regional Identity’. Using Paasi's conceptual tools to analyse the cultivation of a thin regional identity discourse of the metropolitan region Amsterdam, it is shown how the construction of a large upmarket housing estate in the small town of Muiden near Amsterdam is legitimised. Paasi's conceptual tools also help to analyse the use of a traditional thick local identity discourse by the local population. This illustrates the growing importance of thickening resistance identities in reaction to the neoliberal policies promoting globalisation. When Paasi wrote this paper at the turn of the century, the world was opening up, which challenged established identities. Today, we see a revival of thickening identities again.
Global trend and epidemiological profiles of climate‐related disasters from 2000 to 2021
Authors: Fernández García Andrea , Gan Rick Kye , Cernuda Martínez José Antonio , Arcos González Pedro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse the epidemiological profile of global climate‐related disasters in terms of morbidity and mortality, as well as to examine their temporal trends.MethodThis cross‐sectional study analysed climate‐related global disasters from 2000 to 2021, utilising definitions and criteria from the United Nations Strategy for Disaster Reduction and the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Data were sourced from the EM‐DAT database. The study assessed trends over the entire period and compared them with previous years (1978–2000).ResultsA total of 7398 climate‐related disasters were recorded, with hydrological disasters being the most frequent, followed by meteorological and climatological disasters. Statistically significant differences were noted in the average rates of affected individuals and injuries per million inhabitants. No significant trends were found in mortality rates, but the frequency trends for the entire period (1978–2021) and the subperiod (1978–2000) were increasing and statistically significant. However, the trend from 2000 onwards showed a non‐significant decrease, potentially reflecting better disaster preparedness and response strategies under the Hyogo and Sendai Framework.ConclusionThe study highlights hydrological disasters as the most frequent and deadliest climate‐related events, with climatological disasters affecting and injuring the most people. The lack of standardised criteria for disaster inclusion in databases presents a significant challenge in comparing results and analysing trends. Establishing uniform inclusion criteria is crucial for effective data analysis and disaster management.
Carbon usage in yellow‐fleshed Manihot esculenta storage roots shifts from starch biosynthesis to cell wall and raffinose biosynthesis via the myo‐inositol pathway
Authors: Gutschker Sindy , Ruescher David , Rabbi Ismail Y. , Rosado‐Souza Laise , Pommerrenig Benjamin , Pauly Markus , Robertz Stefan , van Doorn Anna M. , Schlereth Armin , Neuhaus H. Ekkehard , Fernie Alisdair R. , Reinert Stephan , Sonnewald Uwe , Zierer Wolfgang 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYCassava is a crucial staple crop for smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Sub‐Saharan Africa. Although high yield remains the top priority for farmers, the significance of nutritional values has increased in cassava breeding programs. A notable negative correlation between provitamin A and starch accumulation poses a significant challenge for breeding efforts. The negative correlation between starch and carotenoid levels in conventional and genetically modified cassava plants implies the absence of a direct genomic connection between the two traits. The competition among various carbon pathways seems to account for this relationship. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of 49 African cassava genotypes with varying levels of starch and provitamin A. Our goal was to identify factors contributing to differential starch accumulation. Considering carotenoid levels as a confounding factor in starch production, we found that yellow‐ and white‐fleshed storage roots did not differ significantly in most measured components of starch or de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. However, genes and metabolites associated with myo‐inositol synthesis and cell wall polymer production were substantially enriched in high provitamin A genotypes. These results indicate that yellow‐fleshed cultivars, in comparison to their white‐fleshed counterparts, direct more carbon toward the synthesis of raffinose and cell wall components. This finding is underlined by a significant rise in cell wall components measured within the 20 most contrasting genotypes for carotenoid levels. Our findings enhance the comprehension of the biosynthesis of starch and carotenoids in the storage roots of cassava.
Wheat TaNACα18 functions as a positive regulator of high‐temperature adaptive responses and improves cell defense machinery
Authors: Mishra Divya , Shekhar Shubhendu , Subba Pratigya , Prasad T. S. Keshava , Chakraborty Subhra , Chakraborty Niranjan 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARYGlobal wheat production amounted to >780 MMT during 2022–2023 whose market size are valued at >$128 billion. Wheat is highly susceptible to high‐temperature stress (HTS) throughout the life cycle and its yield declines 5–7% with the rise in each degree of temperature. Previously, we reported an array of HTS‐response markers from a resilient wheat cv. Unnat Halna and described their putative role in heat acclimation. To complement our previous results and identify the key determinants of thermotolerance, here we examined the cytoplasmic proteome of a sensitive cv. PBW343. The HTS‐triggered metabolite reprograming highlighted how proteostasis defects influence the formation of an integrated stress‐adaptive response. The proteomic analysis identified several promising HTS‐responsive proteins, including a NACα18 protein, designated TaNACα18, whose role in thermotolerance remains unknown. Dual localization of TaNACα18 suggests its crucial functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The homodimerization of TaNACα18 anticipated its function as a transcriptional coactivator. The complementation of TaNACα18 in yeast and overexpression in wheat demonstrated its role in thermotolerance across the kingdom. Altogether, our results suggest that TaNACα18 imparts tolerance through tight regulation of gene expression, cell wall remodeling and activation of cell defense responses.
Intensive Surveillance of Porcine‐Rhesus Kidney Xenotransplant Using Different Ultrasound Techniques
Authors: Qi Ruochen , Ma Shuaijun , Han Shichao , Wang Guohui , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Kepu , Sun Yuanyuan , Gong Xue , Yu Ming , Zhang Xuan , Yang Xiaojian , Dou Kefeng , Qin Weijun 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSignificant progress has been made in kidney xenotransplantation in the past few years, and this field is accelerating towards clinical translation. Therefore, surveillance of the xenograft with appropriate tools is of great importance. Ultrasonography has been widely used in kidney allotransplantation and served as an economical and non‐invasive method to monitor the allograft. However, questions remain whether the ultrasonographic criteria established for human kidney allograft could also be applied in xenotransplantation.MethodsIn the current study, we established a porcine‐rhesus life sustaining kidney xenotransplantation model. The xenograft underwent intensive surveillance using gray‐scale, colorful Doppler ultrasound as well as 2D shear wave elastography. The kidney growth, blood perfusion, and cortical stiffness were measured twice a day. These parameters were compared with the clinical data including urine output, chemistry, and pathological findings.ResultsThe observation continued for 16 days after transplantation. Decline of urine output and elevated serum creatinine were observed on POD9 and biopsy proven antibody‐mediated rejection was seen on the same day. The xenograft underwent substantial growth, with the long axis length increased by 32% and the volume increased by threefold at the end of observation. The resistive index of the xenograft arteries elevated in response to rejection, together with impaired cortical perfusion, while the peak systolic velocity (PSV) was not compromised. The cortical stiffness also increased along with rejection.ConclusionIn summary, the ultrasound findings of kidney xenograft shared similarities with those in allograft but possessed some unique features. A modified criteria needs to be established for further application of ultrasound in kidney xenotransplantation.
Validation of Thermal History Coating Technology on Two Stage-One Turbine Blades
Authors: Karagiannopoulos Solon , Tomoki Taniguchi , Peral David , Araguás Rodríguez Silvia , Tanaka Ryozo , Hickey Jim , Feist Jörg P. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Small and midsize gas turbines for distributed power generation have been widely used in recent years, with designers constantly seeking to improve efficiency by increasing operating temperatures. Therefore, accurate thermal mapping is now more critical than ever for validating new designs, but also very challenging in such a dynamic environment as a gas turbine. A novel advanced offline temperature mapping technology has been developed called thermal history coating (THC). Thermal History technology has distinct advantages including wide temperature measurement range (150 °C to &gt;1600 °C), high durability, high-temperature resolution, single or multicycle operation, high spatial resolution (thousands of measurement points per component), and fully digitized computer-aided design (CAD) compatible data. Additionally, THC materials are REACH-compliant and can be used for both moving and stationary components. High-resolution thermal maps of the surface of three-dimensional (3D) CAD components can be delivered at the end of the process. For the first time ever this paper directly compares Thermal History technology with other methods such as Type-K sheathed thermocouples, uniform crystal temperature sensors (UCTS), and pyrometry on two stage-1 blades of a midsize Kawasaki gas turbine engine test. Temperature data obtained from the different temperature methods were compared qualitatively and quantitatively. Measurement data were also compared with the conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model for the particular internal cooling design of these blades. Further, the application of the THC on two identical blades allowed a direct comparison of component-to-component variations and indicated excellent repeatability of the THC data.
Performance Evaluation of Neonatal Anti-Pressure Ulcer Bed Using a Novel Force-Sensing Array
Authors: Mallick Adarsha Narayan , Basumatary Bijit , Kumar Mukesh , Arora Kamaldeep , Pal Durba , Sahani Ashish Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Pressure ulcer (PU) is a serious issue among newborns, particularly those who are premature and have medical conditions that require hospitalization. Existing conventional beds require modifications that can reduce the chance of PU and the extra effort of nursing staff. In this work, a force-sensing resistor array (FSRA) mattress is implemented that detects high-pressure points. The microcontroller processes the data that are collected from the FSRA using an electronic circuit based on the principle of voltage divider circuits. The multiplexer identifies the pixels of high-pressure points and plots the heat maps using matlab. The results of the FSRA mattress use an alternately inflating and deflating pressure channel bed to act as an anti-PU bed and compare it with the currently deployed bed. The demonstrated work was validated using the finite element modeling framework. This anti-PU bed is effective in detecting high-pressure points; based on that, chances of PUs in neonates can be prevented. The performance evaluation of the designed and tested anti-PU bed with more accuracy and automatically varies the contact position to reduce the efforts made by the nursing staff. This innovation significantly improves the quality of life as compared to the conventional methods to avoid PUs for neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
Effect of Radial Neutron Reflector on the Characteristics of Nuclear Fuel Burn-Up Wave in a Fast Neutron Energy Spectrum Multiplying Medium: A Consistent Parametric Approach
Authors: Ray Dipanjan , Saraswat Satya Prakash , Bhadouria Vikesh Singh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The influence of radial neutron reflector on the build-up and propagation of a nuclear fuel burn-up wave in a fast multiplying medium is investigated using a consistent parametric approach. Coupled multigroup neutron diffusion equations with a burn-up evolution model are simulated on the two-dimensional cylindrical reactor geometry with azimuthal symmetry. Uranium–plutonium transmutation model is considered, and the simulation is performed by using the finite element multiphysics software package comsol. Transient characteristics of the burn-up wave are represented by two new parameters, namely, transient time (TT) and transient length (TL). TT and TL are defined as the time and distance required for the burn-up wave to attain its steady-state nature. Steady-state phases are characterized in terms of wave velocity, full width half maximum (FWHM), and full width 10% of maximum (FW10M). A sensitivity study of steady-state and transient parameters is conducted for the different values of radial reflector thickness. The potential relevance of these characterization parameters on the development of optimal geometrical configuration of radial neutron reflector in breed and burn (B&B)-based reactor design is addressed based on the sensitivity study.
Estimation of the Spin of a Supermassive Black Hole in Sagittarius A*
Authors: Andrianov A. S. , Chernov S. V. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In April 2017, the Event Horizon telescope received an image of a supermassive black hole in the Sagittarius A* source. This image consists of a ring-like structure that contains three areas with increased brightness (spots). If we assume that these spots are associated with flares near the event horizon of a black hole, then we can estimate its spin. Our estimate gives a value of the order of $$a \approx 0.9$$.
Cluster randomised trial of a health system strengthening approach applying person-centred communication for the prevention of female genital mutilation in Guinea, Kenya and Somalia
Authors: Balde Mamadou Dioulde , Ndavi Patrick Muia , Mochache Vernon , Soumah Anne-Marie , Esho Tammary , King’oo James Munyao , Kemboi Jackline , Sall Alpha Oumar , Diallo Aissatou , Ahmed Wisal , Stein Karin , Nosirov Khurshed , Thwin Soe Soe , Petzold Max , Ahmed Muna Abdi , Diriye Ahmed , Pallitto Christina 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThere is limited evidence on effective health systems interventions for preventing female genital mutilation (FGM). This study tested a two-level intervention package at primary care applying person-centred communication (PCC) for FGM prevention.MethodsA cluster randomised trial was conducted in 2020–2021 in 180 antenatal care (ANC) clinics in Guinea, Kenya and Somalia. At baseline, all clinics received guidance and materials on FGM prevention and care; at month 3, ANC providers at intervention sites received PCC training. Data were collected from clinic managers, ANC providers and clients at baseline, month 3 and month 6 on primary outcomes, including delivery of PCC counselling, utilisation of level one materials, health facility preparedness for FGM prevention and care services and secondary outcomes related to clients’ and providers’ knowledge and attitudes. Data were analysed using multilevel and single-level logistic regression models.ResultsProviders in the intervention arm were more likely to deliver PCC for FGM prevention compared with those in the control arm, including inquiring about clients’ FGM status (adjusted OR (AOR): 8.9, 95% CI: 6.9 to 11.5; p<0.001) and FGM-related beliefs (AOR: 9.7, 95% CI: 7.5 to 12.5; p<0.001) and discussing why (AOR: 9.2, 95% CI: 7.1 to 11.9; p<0.001) or how (AOR: 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0 to 9.9; p<0.001) FGM should be prevented. They were more confident in their FGM-related knowledge (AOR: 7.0, 95% CI: 1.5 to 32.3; p=0.012) and communication skills (AOR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0 to 3.2; p=0.035). Intervention clients were less supportive of FGM (AOR: 5.4, 95% CI: 2.4 to 12.4; p<0.001) and had lower intentions of having their daughters undergo FGM (AOR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.7; p=0.004) or seeking medicalised FGM (AOR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5; p<0.001) compared with those in the control arm.ConclusionThis is the first study to provide evidence of an effective FGM prevention intervention that can be delivered in primary care settings in high-prevalence countries.Trial registration and datePACTR201906696419769 (3 June 2019).