bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumefactive perivascular spaces mimicking cerebral edema in a patient with diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome: a case report
Authors: John Seby , Samuel Susan , Lakhan Shaheen E 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Acute cerebral edema is a significant cause of death in patients treated for diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 44-year-old African American woman admitted with acute severe headache and diagnosed with diabetic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Computed tomography of the head showed diffuse leukoencephalopathy, but sparing of the cortex. We were concerned for acute cerebral edema secondary to hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed numerous collections of cystic spaces in the white matter of both hemispheres representing tumefactive perivascular spaces. Her headache improved with correction of the hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.

Conclusion
Although the clinical presentation and head computed tomography were concerning for cerebral edema, the distinctive features on brain magnetic resonance imaging helped to clarify the diagnosis and differentiate it from other processes.
Clinically Unsuspected Cryoglobulinemia: Cases That Present as Laboratory Artifact
Authors: Warren Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
On the basis of anecdotal instances in which atypical laboratory findings suggested the possibility of unsuspected cryoglobulinemia, we applied predetermined criteria to determine how often such findings predict the presence of clinically significant cryoglobulinemia. The laboratory criteria are smeared M-spike (paraprotein) in agarose gel serum protein electrophoresis, precipitated protein at the serum application point of agarose electrophoresis gel, greater than 50% quantitative discrepancy between the densitometrically estimated M-spike and the relevant corresponding serum immunoglobulin isotype concentration from the same specimen, and smeared protein observed on an agarose electrophoresis immunofixation gel. Cases that fulfilled any of these criteria were prospectively collected for 2 years. Brouet types and clinical findings were determined in cases where cryoglobulins were subsequently identified and clinical data available. Among 83 patients in whom any of the above laboratory findings were identified, 52 had subsequent cryoglobulin evaluations. Fourteen of these 52 patients had cryoglobulinemia. Findings indicative of clinically significant cryoglobulinemia were present in 8 of the 10 patients in whom follow-up clinical data were available.
Systementwurf eines MST basierten piezoelektrischen Versorgungsmoduls für energieautarke Anwendungen
Authors: Frey Alexander , Schreiter Matthias , Seidel Julian , Li Xiaoming , Wagner Dieter , Kühne Ingo 
Published: February 2013

Zusammenfassung
Der Systementwurf eines piezoelektrischen Versorgungsmoduls für ein energieautarkes Reifendruck-Kontrollsystems (RDKS) wird beschrieben. Hierfür werden der Generatorentwurf unter Einbeziehung des piezoelektrischen Materialsystems sowie die Auslegung der spezifischen Schnittstellenschaltung betrachtet. Die vorgestellte, auf einer analytischen Modellierung beruhende Entwurfsmethode, erlaubt es einen geeigneten Parameterraum für die Generatorgeometrie zu identifizieren.
Survival aspects in patients diagnosed with type ii diabetes mellitus between 1970 and 1999 in the diabetes center timişoara
Authors: Hogea Corina Marcela , Sima Alexandra , Albai Alin , Rosu Mihaela , Serban Viorel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Background. Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathological state, which shortens thelifespan, with severe complications and increased mortality. Objective. To study themain aspects regarding the survival for a period of 30 years, in patients newlydiagnosed with T2DM in the Diabetes Center Timişoara. Material and methods Thestudy enrolled 4,913 subjects, 2,742 women (55.81%) and 2,171 men (44.19%),mean age at diagnosis of 58.2± 11.5 years, diagnosed with T2DM between 1970 and1999. Results We observed a decreasing trend of the all cause death between theanalyzed groups as well as within the same group, during the study periods.Conclusion Our data support the results of numerous longitudinal descriptivestudies indicating a decrease of the secular mortality trend, but especially ofmortality in the last decades in diabetic patients.
Characteristics of People with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Depending on Age at Onset
Authors: Florea Mirela , Hâncu Nicolae 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives. The aim of this study was to compare the cardio-metabolic profilebetween younger (< 45 years) and older (≥ 45 years) people with newly diagnosedtype 2 diabetes (T2DM). Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study including910 persons with newly diagnosed T2DM and registered at the Clinical Center ofDiabetes Cluj-Napoca was carried out between 2006 - 2008. Results: The mean agewas 40.21±3.60 yrs. in the younger group and 60.08±8.22 yrs. in the older group.Both groups of patients were obese, but the younger-onset group was significantlymore obese as measured by body mass index (BMI), than the older group (BMI 32.45vs. 30.61 kg/m2, p=0.001). The absolute coronary heart disease (CHD) risk level wassignificantly higher in older than younger individuals (p<0.001). Conclusions:Despite being two decades younger, it is remarkable that many young people withnewly diagnosed T2DM have a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors.
Gender and Contractile Functions of Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscles in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats
Authors: Imam Kamil Asghar , Sarwar Madiha , Wali Usman , Siddique Lubna , Perveen Shahida 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives: Diabetes mellitus has been linked with specific morphological andmetabolic abnormalities of skeletal muscle in a fiber specific manner. Aim: Thepresent study was designed to compare the contractile functions of slow and fastskeletal muscles in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male and female SpragueDawley rats. Material and methods: Thirty healthy Sprague Dawley rats (15 maleand 15 female) were divided into two groups and studied after four weeks followingdiabetes induction. The rats in group I (male diabetic; n = 15) and group II (femalediabetic; n = 15) were fed on normal pellet diet and water ad libitum and rendereddiabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of STZ 65 mg/kg body weight at the startof study (day 1). At the end of four weeks, the contractile parameters of slow soleusand fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were recorded by iWorx advancedanimal/human physiology data acquisition unit (AHK/214). Results: At the end offour weeks, the weight of isolated soleus and EDL muscles in the male diabetic ratswas significantly higher (p < 0.001) as compared to the female diabetic rats.However, no significant difference was found in any of the contractile functions ofisolated soleus and EDL muscles when compared between the male and femalediabetic rats. Conclusion: No gender differences exist in the contractile functions ofslow and fast skeletal muscles in streptozotocin induced diabetic Sprague Dawleyrats.
Scleral Electrocautery and its Effects on Choroid Vessels: Implications for Subretinal Fluid Drainage During Scleral Buckling Surgery
Authors: Roybal C. Nathaniel , Tsui Irena , Sanfilippo Christian , Hubschman Jean-Pierre 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
External drainage of subretinal fluid as part of a scleral buckling procedure rapidly restores the retinal pigment epithelium–neural retina interface in rhegmatogenous retinal detachments but carries the inherent risk of subretinal hemorrhage and retinal incarceration. The authors investigated variations to the technique to reduce the chance of subretinal hemorrhage originating from the choroid.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A novel method for needle drainage using electrocautery of the sclerochoroidal layers before puncture was employed. The effect of 0% to 50% scleral electrocautery in a porcine model was investigated.

RESULTS:
A significant decrease in choroidal vessel diameter and choroidal vessel density at 40% electrocautery was demonstrated.

CONCLUSION:
Electrocautery without scleral cut-down before external drainage of subretinal fluid likely decreases the chance of subretinal hemorrhage by decreasing choroidal vascularity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2013;44:176–180]
IFN-α Induces APOBEC3G, F, and A in Immature Dendritic Cells and Limits HIV-1 Spread to CD4+ T Cells
Authors: Mohanram Venkatramanan , Sköld Annette E. , Bächle Susanna M. , Pathak Sushil Kumar , Spetz Anna-Lena 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Cytokines and IFNs, such as TNF-α and IFN-α, upregulate costimulatory molecules in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), enabling effective Ag presentation to T cells. This activation of MDDCs is often accompanied by upregulation of apolipoprotein B mRNA–editing, enzyme-catalytic, polypeptide-like 3 (APOBEC3) (A3) family proteins that are able to restrict HIV-1 replication in MDDCs by inducing hypermutations in the viral genome. In this study, we show that TNF-α upregulates costimulatory molecules and are able to restrict HIV-1BaL replication in MDDCs without significant induction of A3G, A3A, or A3F. Conversely, low quantities of IFN-α failed to upregulate costimulatory molecules, did not induce IL-12p40 or migration, but significantly induced A3G, A3A, and A3F mRNA expression and restricted viral replication in MDDCs. We also showed that transmission of HIV-1 from MDDCs to autologous T cells was significantly reduced in the presence of IFN-α. Sequence analyses detected the induction of high frequency of G-to-A hypermutations in the env genes from HIV-1BaL–infected MDDCs treated with low quantities of IFN-α2b. These findings show that low quantities of IFN-α can induce functional A3 family proteins and restrict HIV-1 replication in MDDCs while keeping an immature nonmigratory phenotype, supporting further investigations of modalities that enhance retroviral restriction factors. In addition, the findings highlight the role of IFN-α as a double-edged sword in HIV-1 infection, and we show that IFN-α can be powerful in reducing HIV-1 infection both in MDDCs and T cells.
Genetic Interactions among Idd3, Idd5.1, Idd5.2, and Idd5.3 Protective Loci in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lin Xiaotian , Hamilton-Williams Emma E. , Rainbow Daniel B. , Hunter Kara M. , Dai Yang D. , Cheung Jocelyn , Peterson Laurence B. , Wicker Linda S. , Sherman Linda A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
In the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes, insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) loci control the development of insulitis and diabetes. Independently, protective alleles of Idd3/Il2 or Idd5 are able to partially protect congenic NOD mice from insulitis and diabetes, and to partially tolerize islet-specific CD8+ T cells. However, when the two regions are combined, mice are almost completely protected, strongly suggesting the existence of genetic interactions between the two loci. Idd5 contains at least three protective subregions/causative gene candidates, Idd5.1/Ctla4, Idd5.2/Slc11a1, and Idd5.3/Acadl, yet it is unknown which of them interacts with Idd3/Il2. Through the use of a series of novel congenic strains containing the Idd3/Il2 region and different combinations of Idd5 subregion(s), we defined these genetic interactions. The combination of Idd3/Il2 and Idd5.3/Acadl was able to provide nearly complete protection from type 1 diabetes, but all three Idd5 subregions were required to protect from insulitis and fully restore self-tolerance. By backcrossing a Slc11a1 knockout allele onto the NOD genetic background, we have demonstrated that Slc11a1 is responsible for the diabetes protection resulting from Idd5.2. We also used Slc11a1 knockout-SCID and Idd5.2-SCID mice to show that both loss-of-function alleles provide protection from insulitis when expressed on the SCID host alone. These results lend further support to the hypothesis that Slc11a1 is Idd5.2.
Pay-for-Performance Incentives for Home Dialysis Use and Kidney Transplant
Authors: Koukounas Kalli G. , Kim Daeho , Patzer Rachel E. , Wilk Adam S. , Lee Yoojin , Drewry Kelsey M. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Rivera-Hernandez Maricruz , Meyers David J. , Shah Ankur D. , Thorsness Rebecca , Schmid Christopher H. , Trivedi Amal N. 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceThe Centers for Medicare &amp;amp; Medicaid Services’ mandatory End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices (ETC) model, launched on January 1, 2021, randomly assigned approximately 30% of US dialysis facilities and managing clinicians to financial incentives to increase the use of home dialysis and kidney transplant.ObjectiveTo assess the ETC’s association with use of home dialysis and kidney transplant during the model’s first 2 years and examine changes in these outcomes by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study used claims and enrollment data for traditional Medicare beneficiaries with kidney failure from 2017 to 2022 linked to same-period transplant data from the United Network for Organ Sharing. The study data span 4 years (2017-2020) before the implementation of the ETC model on January 1, 2021, and 2 years (2021-2022) following the model’s implementation.ExposureReceiving dialysis treatment in a region randomly assigned to the ETC model.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrimary outcomes were use of home dialysis and kidney transplant. A difference-in-differences (DiD) approach was used to estimate changes in outcomes among patients treated in regions randomly selected for ETC participation compared with concurrent changes among patients treated in control regions.ResultsThe study population included 724 406 persons with kidney failure (mean [IQR] age, 62.2 [53-72] years; 42.5% female). The proportion of patients receiving home dialysis increased from 12.1% to 14.3% in ETC regions and from 12.9% to 15.1% in control regions, yielding an adjusted DiD estimate of −0.2 percentage points (pp; 95% CI, −0.7 to 0.3 pp). Similar analysis for transplant yielded an adjusted DiD estimate of 0.02 pp (95% CI, −0.01 to 0.04 pp). When further stratified by sociodemographic measures, including age, sex, race and ethnicity, dual Medicare and Medicaid enrollment, and poverty quartile, there was not a statistically significant difference in home dialysis use across joint strata of characteristics and ETC participation.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, the first 2 years of the ETC model were not associated with increased use of home dialysis or kidney transplant, nor changes in racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in these outcomes.
Human Neural Stem Cell Expansion in Natural Polymer Scaffolds Under Chemically Defined Condition
Authors: Chang Fei‐Chien , James Matthew Michael , Zhou Yang , Ando Yoshiki , Zareie Hadi M. , Yang Jihui , Zhang Miqin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe maintenance and expansion of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in 3D tissue scaffolds is a promising strategy in producing cost‐effective hNSCs with quality and quantity applicable for clinical applications. A few biopolymers have been extensively used to fabricate 3D scaffolds, including hyaluronic acid, collagen, alginate, and chitosan, due to their bioactive nature and availability. However, these polymers are usually applied in combination with other biomolecules, leading to their responses difficult to ascribe to. Here, scaffolds made of chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, or collagen, are explored for hNSC expansion under xeno‐free and chemically defined conditions and compared for hNSC multipotency maintenance. This study shows that the scaffolds made of pure chitosan support the highest adhesion and growth of hNSCs, yielding the most viable cells with NSC marker protein expression. In contrast, the presence of alginate, hyaluronic acid, or collagen induces differentiation toward immature neurons and astrocytes even in the maintenance medium and absence of differentiation factors. The cells in pure chitosan scaffolds preserve the level of transmembrane protein profile similar to that of standard culture. These findings point to the potential of using pure chitosan scaffolds as a base scaffolding material for hNSC expansion in 3D.
Transfer Interface‐Controlled Printing of 2D MOF for Charge‐Transfer Dynamics Engineering through Ultrasound‐Promoted Hetero‐Interfacial Polarization
Authors: Li Jun , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Wang Chaofeng , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Chu Paul K , Liu Xiangmei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding ultrasound‐induced charge transfer of 2D metal‐organic framework (2DMOF) nanofilms and their broad applications remain elusive. Herein, the “transfer interface‐controlled printing” 2DMOF high‐quality nanofilm is reported and in situ ultrasound‐irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy is developed to trace the charge transfer dynamics at the nanoscale. Uniformly distributed, vertical/planar MoS2 nanosheets are grown on a porphyrin‐based 2DMOF and the local potential difference and piezoelectric polarization in these parallel and vertical 2DMOF‐MoS2 heterostructures generate a local internal polarization field to induce efficient interfacial charge transfer. This sonocatalytic platform improves electron–hole pair separation and sonocatalytic activity to boost reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, providing a superior therapeutic effect against dental peri‐implant infection because effective ROS generation and stable Zn2+ release results in rapid peri‐implant anti‐infection and enhanced osseointegration at the bone–implant interface. This study offers a guideline for the optimization of charge transfer pathway of 2DMOF heterostructures with uniformity, thickness controllability, large‐scale and universal deposition, high catalytic efficiency, and abundant active site exposure for diverse advanced applications.
Enhancing Energy Density in Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors via Dielectricizer Zwitterion‐Containing Quasi‐Solid‐State Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Kwon Hyeoksu , Kim Seonho , Park Hayoung , Park Jae Seo , Park Joonhyeok , Lee Yongjin , Yang Seung Jae , Choi U Hyeok 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo improve the energy density of quasi‐solid‐state polymer electrolyte (QPE)‐based supercapacitors, the design of zwitterion‐containing QPE (ZQPE) with a high dielectric constant (ɛs) is proposed. This enhancement would increase the capacitance of ZQPE‐based supercapacitors, given the direct proportionality between capacitance and dielectric constant. The optimized ZQPE exhibits a high ionic conductivity (2.2 × 10−3 S cm−1) and good mechanical robustness (4.1 × 104 Pa) at room temperature. The ZQPE shows a much higher static dielectric constant (ɛs = 69) than the zwitterion‐free QPE (ɛs = 48), as supported by density functional theory calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. The flexible all‐solid‐state supercapacitor, fabricated with ZQPE and activated carbon electrodes, exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. The incorporation of zwitterion to QPE results in an increase in specific capacitance from 178 to 225 F g−1 with a wide operating potential window (0–4 V). The ZQPE‐based supercapacitor also exhibits a large energy density of 142 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 464 W kg−1 and remarkable long‐term electrochemical and mechanical cycling stability, retaining 80% of its capacitance retention over 10 000 cycles and even under rolling deformation for 1500 cycles. This strategy offers new insights for developing QPE designs for high energy density all‐solid‐state supercapacitors.
In Situ Exploration of Dipole Field Effects on Weak Hysteresis in 3D/2D Perovskites
Authors: Chen Zeyu , Wu Fan , Pathak Rajesh , Chen Lu , Bian Jinxin , Mabrouk Sally , Elam Jeffrey W. , Qiao Quinn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research delves into the effects of 2D layers on the functionality of 3D perovskite using lock‐in amplifier‐based in situ surface photovoltage (SPV) and its phase spectroscopy, with an emphasis on elucidating the connection between the tuning of dipole moments and the photocurrent hysteresis. Conventionally, the SPV of a perovskite/hole transport layer is observed to diminish as positive bias escalates. However, this trend is reversed in the case of 3D perovskite samples, where an augmentation in SPV is noted under positive bias. Notably, 3D/2D perovskite structures initially show a decrease, then an increase in SPV as bias intensifies, a phenomenon more pronounced with larger dipole moments in 2D. However, there is no linear relationship between the dipole moment and the hysteresis factor. Furthermore, using in situ light‐chopping‐frequency‐modulated SPV and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy, it is revealed that the dipole fields of 2D layers can hinder ion migration. This leads to efficient hole transfer and minimal photocurrent hysteresis in 3D/2D perovskites, providing strong evidence for the underlying cause of hysteresis. Additionally, these findings suggest intricate interplays among the external electric field, interface dipole moments, and surface photovoltaics, offering significant insights into perovskite optoelectronics.
Ultra‐Long and Rapid Operating Sodium Metal Batteries Enabled by Multifunctional Polarizable Interface Stabilizer
Authors: Jun Seo‐Young , Shin Kihyun , Son Chae Yeong , Kim Suji , Park Jimin , Kim Hyung‐Seok , Hwang Jang‐Yeon , Ryu Won‐Hee 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAbundant and economical sodium (Na) metal batteries promise superior energy densities compared to lithium‐ion batteries; however, they face commercialization challenges owing to problematic interfacial reactions leading to dendrite formation during cycling. This paper reports the ultra‐long and rapid operation of Na metal batteries enabled by the introduction of a vinylpyrrolidone (VP)‐based multifunctional interface stabilizer in the electrolyte. The VP electrolyte additive provides benefits such as surface flattening, durable solid electrolyte interphase layer formation, preservation of fresh Na, and acceleration of horizontal crystal growth along the (110) plane. Symmetric Na–Na cells with the stabilizer exhibit notably stable operation for over 5 000 cycles at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2, surpassing previous research. Performance improvement is also demonstrated in a full‐cell configuration with an Na3V2(PO4)2O2F cathode. This approach offers a promising solution for achieving performance levels comparable to lithium‐ion batteries in Na metal battery technology.