bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regions of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript That Protect Cells from Apoptosis In Vitro and Protect Neuronal Cells In Vivo
Authors: Ahmed Maryam , Lock Martin , Miller Cathie G. , Fraser Nigel W. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have suggested that the latency-associated transcript (LAT) region of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is effective at blocking virus-induced apoptosis both in vitro and in the trigeminal ganglia of acutely infected rabbits (Inman et al., J. Virol. 75:3636–3646, 2001; Perng et al., Science 287:1500–1503, 2000). By transfecting cells with a construct expressing the
Pst-Mlu
segment of the LAT, encompassing the LAT exon 1, the stable 2.0-kb intron, and 5′ part of exon 2, we confirmed that this region was able to diminish the onset of programmed cell death initiated by anti-Fas and camptothecin treatment. In addition, caspase 8-induced apoptosis was specifically inhibited in cells expressing the
Pst-Mlu
LAT fragment. To further delineate the minimal region of LAT that is necessary for this antiapoptotic function, LAT mutants were used in our cotransfection assays. In HeLa cells, the plasmids lacking exon sequences were the least effective at blocking apoptosis. However, similar to previous work (Inman et al., op. cit.), our data also indicated that the 5′ end of the stable 2.0-kb LAT intron appeared to contribute to the promotion of cell survival. Furthermore, cells productively infected with the 17N/H LAT mutant virus, a virus deleted in the LAT promoter, exon 1, and about half of the intron, exhibited a greater degree of DNA fragmentation than cells infected with wild-type HSV-1. These data support the finding that the exon 1 and 2.0-kb intron region of the LAT transcription unit display an antiapoptotic function both in transfected cells and in the context of the virus infection in vitro. In trigeminal ganglia of mice acutely infected with the wild-type virus, 17, and 17ΔSty, a virus lacking most of exon 1, apoptosis was not detected in cells that were positive for virus particles. However, dual staining was observed in cells from mice infected with 17N/H virus, indicating that the LAT antiapoptotic function demonstrated in cells transfected by LAT-expressing constructs may also play a role in protecting cells from virus-induced apoptosis during acute viral infection in vivo.
Effect of Latent Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Cell Surface Phenotype
Authors: Brooks David G. , Zack Jerome A. 
Published: July 2002

ABSTRACTHighly active antiretroviral therapy has succeeded in many cases in suppressing virus production in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, once treatment is discontinued, virus replication is rekindled. One reservoir capable of harboring HIV in a latent state and igniting renewed infection once therapy is terminated is a resting T cell. Due to the sparsity of T cells latently infected with HIV in vivo, it has been difficult to study viral and cellular interactions during latency. The SCID-hu (Thy/Liv) mouse model of HIV latency, however, provides high percentages of latently infected cells, allowing a detailed analysis of phenotype. Herein we show that latently infected cells appear phenotypically normal. Following cellular stimulation, the virus completes its life cycle and induces phenotypic changes, such as CD4 and major histocompatibility complex class I down-regulation, in the infected cell. In addition, HIV expression following activation did not correlate with expression of the cellular activation marker CD25. The apparently normal phenotype and lack of HIV expression in latently infected cells could prevent recognition by the immune response and contribute to the long-lived nature of this reservoir.
The psychological impact of injury: effects of prior sport and exercise involvement: Table 1
Authors: Johnston Lynne H , Carroll Douglas 
Published: July 2002

Objectives—To test the assumption that the psychological impact of injury varies with involvement in sport and exercise, and that those who are more involved in sport and exercise before injury would experience greater negative affect and retarded recovery.Method—Patients attending for physiotherapy completed a battery of questionnaires including measures of mood and perceived recovery, at the beginning, middle, and end of formal rehabilitation. Complete data were available for 93 patients.Results—Those who were more involved in sport and exercise before injury registered higher levels of confusion and perceived their recovery to be less, possibly reflecting greater information needs and a greater mismatch between current status and that before injury in the athletic sample. Reported negative affect did not vary with sport and exercise involvement.Conclusions—Incapacitation for those not involved in sport and exercise before injury may have much the same affective impact as it does for those with considerable involvement. However, those with considerable involvement did report higher levels of confusion and perceived their recovery to be less towards the end of rehabilitation. This suggests that it may be important to assess affective reactions and perceived recovery during the re-entry phase.
Qualitative and quantitative differences between bile ducts in chronic hepatitis and in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Rubio C A 
Published: July 2002

Aim—Lymphocytic infiltration in the portal triads usually conceals the detection—in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections—of bile ducts in two liver diseases: chronic hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. The aim was to assess the number and the characteristics of the bile ducts in those diseases with the aid of an antibody to cytokeratin 7 (CK7)Methods—Consecutive sections from 99 liver biopsies were stained with H&E and anti-CK7.Results—In H&E sections the total number of central bile ducts in the triads was 52 in primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 37), 69 in chronic hepatitis (n = 43), and 30 in miscellaneous cases (n = 19). Using anti-CK7, the number of central bile ducts was 276 in primary biliary cirrhosis, 348 in chronic hepatitis, and 96 in miscellaneous cases. Central bile ducts with lumen were found in 93.0% of chronic hepatitis cases and in 89.5% of the miscellaneous cases, but in only 13.5% of the primary biliary cirrhosis cases. Peripheral bile ducts in groups of ≥ 4/triad were found in all cases of chronic hepatitis (100%) and in 75.7% primary biliary cirrhosis cases, but only in 10.5% of the miscellaneous cases. In 21.6% of primary biliary cirrhosis cases, no bile ducts (central and/or peripheral) were present.Conclusions—Anti-CK7 detects bile ducts in the triads that are concealed by chronic inflammatory cells. Central and peripheral bile ducts in groups of ≥ 4 were significantly more common in primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis than in other liver diseases. The lack of lumen in central bile ducts, as well as the absence of central and/or peripheral bile ducts in CK7 stained liver sections, seem to be valuable additional parameters in the differential diagnosis between primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis.
Prolonged hypoglycaemia following surgical removal of phaeochromocytoma
Authors: Jude E B , Sridhar C B R 
Published: July 2002

Summary
We report a 34-year-old woman with secondary hypertension diagnosed with a left-sided phaeochromocytoma. Excision of the tumour resulted in recurrent hypoglycaemia up to 6 days post-operatively. We discuss the pathogenesis of hypoglycaemia following removal of the tumour and put forward hypothesis for the recurrent hypoglycaemia.
THE EXPONENTIAL BEHAVIOUR OF THE GREEN FUNCTION IN A DIHEDRAL ANGLE
Authors: GARRONI M. G. , SOLONNIKOV V. A. , VIVALDI M. A. 
Published: July 2002

We study the behaviour of the Green function of the heat problem in a dihedral angle with oblique (or Neumann) conditions on the faces. The uniform estimates obtained for the Green function and its derivatives show, in particular, the exponential decay at infinity, as in the parabolic problems in regular domains.
Join processing in database systems with large main memories
Authors: Shapiro Leonard D. 
Published: July 2002

We study algorithms for computing the equijoin of two relations in a system with a standard architecture hut with large amounts of main memory. Our algorithms are especially efficient when the main memory available is a significant fraction of the size of one of the relations to he joined; but they can be applied whenever there is memory equal to approximately the square root of the size of one relation. We present a new algorithm which is a hybrid of two hash-based algorithms and which dominates the other algorithms we present, including sort-merge. Even in a virtual memory environment, the hybrid algorithm dominates all the others we study.
Finally, we describe how three popular tools to increase the efficiency of joins, namely filters, Babb arrays, and semijoins, can he grafted onto any of our algorithms.
Hereditary Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis: New Understandings
Authors: Batlle Daniel , Ghanekar Hrishikesh , Jain Sheeja , Mitra Amit 
Published: July 2002

▪ Abstract  The primary or hereditary form of distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA), although rare, has received increased attention recently because of dramatic advances in the understanding of its genetic basis. The final regulation of renal acid excretion is effected by various acid/base transporters localized in specialized cells in the cortical collecting and outer medullary collecting tubules. Inherited defects in two of the key acid/base transporters involved in distal acidification, as well as mutations in the cytosolic carbonic anhydrase gene, can cause dRTA. The syndrome is inherited in both autosomal dominant and recessive patterns; patients with recessive dRTA present with either acute illness or growth failure at a young age, sometimes accompanied by deafness, whereas dominant dRTA is usually a milder disease and involves no hearing loss. The AE1 gene encodes two Cl−/HCO3− exchangers that are expressed in the erythrocyte and in the acid-secreting intercalated cells of the kidney. AE1 contributes to urinary acidification by providing the major exit route for HCO3− across the basolateral membrane. Several mutations in the AE1 gene cosegregate with dominant dRTA. The modest degree of hypofunction exhibited in vitro by these mutations, however, does not explain the abnormal distal acidification phenotype. Other AE1 mutations have been linked to a recessive syndrome of dRTA and hemolytic anemia in which hypofunction can be discerned by in vitro studies. Several mutations in the carbonic anyhdrase II gene are associated with the autosomal recessive syndrome of osteopetrosis, renal tubular acidosis, and cerebral calcification. Some of these individuals present with deafness of the conductive type. By contrast, more recent studies have shown that mutations in ATP6B1, encoding the B-subtype unit of the apical H+ ATPase, are responsible for a group of patients with autosomal recessive dRTA associated with sensorineural deafness. Thus, the presence of deafness and the type provide an important clue to the genetic lesion underlying hereditary dRTA.
BEAUTY OR THE BEAST? THE GROTESQUE BODY IN THE SONG OF SONGS
Authors: Black Fiona 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe expressions of love and desire made by the lovers in the Song of Songs include intimate and detailed poetic descriptions of the body. These often cause difficulty for interpreters because the imagery used is cryptic and seemingly nonsensical. Biblical scholars frequently express some discomfort or embarrassment over this language, yet largely maintain the view that it should be interpreted positively—as complementary and loving description. In all this, they are bowled over by their own amorous relationships with this text, which make them stutter and fumble almost as much as the Song's lovers do. This essay looks at (scrutinizes) the bodies in the Song of Songs—the physical bodies described in the Song and the textual body (corpus) with which readers engage. The literary and artistic construct of the grotesque serves—ostensibly perversely—as a heuristic for viewing bodily imagery and readerly desire. The grotesque's emphasis on the exaggerated and hybridised body and its weavings of the comic and the terrifying facilitate an investigation of the Song's gender politics and its complicated and potentially conflicting presentation of desire.
RAPE AND THE GENDERED GAZE: SUSANNA AND THE ELDERS IN EARLY MODERN BOLOGNA
Authors: Bohn Babette 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the course of its long history, pictorial representations of Susanna changed dramatically, ranging from her characterization as a model of female virtue and chastity to her portrayal as a nude and eroticized temptress. Around the turn of the seventeenth century, the Bolognese painter Ludovico Carracci rejected the eroticism of contemporary depictions, reviving the theme of Susanna's virtue and turning to the patristic literature for an understanding of the moral issues raised by the Susanna text.
EIN GOTTESURTEIL IM PBOULAQ X, EIN FALL VON "BALANCE OF POWER" BEI DEM GOTTESORAKEL?
Authors: Jin Shoufu 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn this article I argue that the dispute over the heritage in pBoulaq X was heard by the oracle. The text speaks for this conclusion as regards both grammar and content. On the basis of this assumption I discuss how the oracle, the court of law, the orders of the king and the "common law" are interdependent. It is therefore suggested that we should pay more attention to the reciprocal relationships and interaction among these elements when we treat the oracles in ancient Egypt. Dans un premier temps, l'objet du présent article est d'exposer les arguments, fondés sur l'analyse de la grammaire et du contenu du texte, qui militent en faveur de la lecture d'un passage du pBoulaq X comme faisant allusion à une procédure oraculaire. Le rapport est ensuite établi entre oracle divin, tribunal judiciaire, décret royal et enfln, coutumes égyptiennes, de sorte à souligner les différents éléments dont il faut tenir compte dans l'étude du déroulement des procédures oraculaires.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CAROTENOIDS IN FOUR SPECIES OF CRAYFISH
Authors: Czeczuga-Semeniuk  , Czeczuga  
Published: July 2002

AbstractUsing column and thin-layer chromatography, the authors investigated the presence of carotenoids in the carapaces and muscles of freshwater crayfish species. Fifteen carotenoids were found, among which canthaxanthin, adonixanthin, and astaxanthin were predominant. The highest carotenoid content was revealed in the carapaces of Pacifastacus leniusculus and Astacus astacus and in the muscles of Astacus leptodactylus and Orconectes limosus. En utilisant la chromatographie sur colonnes et en couches minces, les auteurs ont recherche la presence de carotenoodes dans les carapaces et les muscles de plusieurs especes d'ecrevisses. Quinze carotenoodes ont ete trouves, parmi lesquels la canthaxanthine, l'adonixanthine et l'asthaxantine etaient dominantes. Le contenu en carotenoodes le pluseleve a ete trouve dans les carapaces de Pacifastacus leniusculus et Astacus astacus et dans les muscles de Astacus leptodactylus et Orconectes limosus.
Ways to improve the accuracy of hatching tests for Globodera spp. with special emphasis on nematicide trials
Authors: Schomaker Corrie , Been Thomas 
Published: July 2002

AbstractHatching tests are laborious and yield variable results. In this paper, sources of variability have been identified and analysed, and solutions are presented. A method was developed to conduct hatching tests using inert materials to minimise the total variation at the end of the test. Hatching tests were carried out to increase reliability, optimise the method and limit the amount of work. Thus, it was possible to obtain a coefficient of variation (cv) of the hatching process, which was in accordance with the combined errors expected when a certain number of cysts are treated and eggs are used. An Appendix is provided listing the different errors and ways to calculate and cope with them. The results indicate that the hatching process is no longer an important source of variation for the end result. All variation greater than expected could be explained by variation between batches with the same treatment, indicating that small differences in nematicide application cause major differences in the end result. The treatment effect was more important in field experiments than in laboratory experiments. The hatching curve could be described adequately by a log-logistic curve with three parameters (λ, final number of hatched juveniles; α, time; t when cumulative hatch equals 0.5 × λ; β, slope parameter). Addition of a fourth parameter (γ, incubation time) improved the fit significantly. Using the log-logistic model, final hatch could be predicted with a certain error, but in general final hatch was underestimated. When an error of 5% was accepted, the duration of hatching tests using laboratory reared cysts could be reduced by 80% for untreated batches and by 40 to 80% for batches treated with nematicides. The acceptable reduction in hatching test duration was negatively correlated with the concentration of the fumigant used. Hatching tests with cysts originating from field experiments are unsuitable for prediction using a time-limited data set. Compound hatching curves were distinguished in four of six fields, indicating that the soil samples contained at least two proportions of cysts with different hatching responses. Prediction would cause a significant underestimation of final hatch and consequently an overestimation of mortality.
Identification of potato cyst nematode species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida by PCR using specific primer combinations
Authors: Fullaondo Asier , Barrena Enrique , Viribay Miguel , Barrena Imanol , Salazar Azucena , Ritter Enrique 
Published: July 2002

AbstractRAPD fragments specific for potato cyst nematode (PCN) species Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida were identified. These were used to derive two primer combinations for PCR which amplify only one specific band in each species. The primer combinations were evaluated on 39 samples of PCN populations containing all currently described pathotypes as well as some South American PCN populations. This method for species identification is highly sensitive and also allows the detection of species mixtures in a sample. Furthermore, the generation of unique amplification products facilitates the application of automatic detection methods without electrophoretic separation and is therefore particularly useful for routine diagnoses. Identification des especes de nematodes a kyste de la pomme de terre Globodera rostochiensis et G. pallida par PCR grace a l'utilisation de combinaisons d'amorces specifiques - Des fragments RAPD specifiques des especes de nematodes a kyste de la pomme de terre (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis et G. pallida, ont ete identifies. A partir de ces fragments, deux combinaisons d'amorces, capables d'amplifier en PCR une seule bande, specifique pour chaque espece, ont ete obtenus. Les combinaisons d'amorces ont ete evaluees sur 39 echantillons de populations de PCN contenant tous les pathotypes decrits ainsi que quelques populations provenant d'Amerique du Sud. Cette methode d'identification d'espece est tres sensible et elle permet de plus l'identification d'un melange d'especes dans un meme echantillon. En sus, la generation de produits uniques d'amplification permet l'utilisation de methodes d'identification automatisees, sans separation electrophoretique, tres utiles donc pour le diagnostic de routine.
PHENOMENOLOGICAL REFLECTION AND TIME IN VIKTOR FRANKL'S EXISTENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPY
Authors: Lantz Jim 
Published: July 2002

AbstractUtilizing the definition of phenomenology originally presented by Edith Stein, it is possible to understand Viktor Frankl's existential psychotherapy as falling well within the phenomenological movement. In this article, Frankl's approach to treatment, which utilizes an induced phenomenological struggle, is examined in detail around its relationship with time. Clinical material is presented to illustrate the described treatment approach.
Lithological control on the occurrence of chlorite in the diagenetic Wealden complex of the Bilbao anticlinorium (Basco-Cantabrian Basin, Northern Spain)
Authors: Bartier D. , Buatier M. , Lopez M. , Potdevin J. L. , Chamley H. , Arostegui J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSandstones and shales from the southern flank of the Bilbao anticline in the Gordexola and Orozko valleys, northwestern Spain, have been subjected to a detailed sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical study. They are composed of proximal frontdeltaic sandbars interbedded with silty-clayey sediments and correspond to a prograding sequence of a deltaic system. The clay mineral assemblages of doublets of sandstones and shales are composed mainly of illite, chlorite and illite-smectite mixed-layers R3 (ISII). The clay diagenesis consists of the transformation of smectite and I-S mixed-layers to illite, the precipitation of Fe-rich chlorite in the pore spaces, and the alteration of micas to chlorite. According to petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical analyses, chlorite is more abundant in sandstones than in shales in both the <2 µm and coarser fractions. The relative abundance of chlorite increases in the sandstones located at the top of coarsening upward sandbars. Furthermore, chlorite formation occurs preferentially in the coarser grained sansdstones previously cemented by ankerite. The geochemical and petrological investigations suggest that chlorite formed during burial diagenesis in a relatively closed system.
Epitaxial growth of zeolite X on zeolite A and twinning in zeolite A: structural and topological analysis
Authors: Porcher F. , Dusausoy Y. , Souhassou M. , Lecomte C. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractSynthesis of large zeolite A and X crystals by a modified Charnell’s method led to the formation of twinned zeolite NaA crystals, overgrowth of NaX onto NaA and co-crystallization of another phase analysed by electron microprobe as a Na aluminosilicate but not yet identified. Single crystals of NaA have a perfect cubic habit with a 100 μm edge. Twinned crystals of NaA are of the same size and correspond to an intergrowth of two cubes like that found in twinned fluorite crystals. NaX single crystals are octahedral, 220 μm along the [100] direction. Based on the difference in morphology of A and X crystals, epitaxial growth of NaX zeolite on NaA was also clearly identified by scanning electron micrographs. The object of this contribution is to provide topological and structural information on the twinning and epitaxy.
Trace element composition and cathodoluminescence properties of southern African kimberlitic zircons
Authors: Belousova E. A. , Griffin W. L. , Pearson N. J. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractZircon frequently occurs as a minor mineral in kimberlites, and is recognised as a member of a suite of mantle-derived megacryst minerals. Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and laser ablation ICPMS analysis were used to study the internal structure and chemical composition of zircon crystals from southern African kimberlites. Zoning revealed by CL ranges from fine oscillatory to broad homogeneous cores and overgrowths. The ICPMS data show that kimberlite zircons have distinctive trace element contents, with well defined ranges for REE, Y, U, Th, P and some other trace elements. Both low REE contents (ΣREE < 50 ppm), and distinctive chondrite-normalised REE patterns with low and flat HREE are characteristic of kimberlite zircons. Samples or zones with yellow CL have higher Th, U, Y, and REE than those with blue-violet CL. Variations in the concentrations of a range of trace elements lead to different amounts of lattice defects, creating the possibility for different levels of direct excitation of luminescence centres, and therefore different CL colours. The distinctive CL and compositional features described here can rapidly identify kimberlite zircons in prospecting samples taken during exploration for kimberlite bodies.