bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomolar Determination of Methyldopa in the Presence of Large Amounts of Hydrochlorothiazide Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Graphene Oxide Nanosheets and 3‐(4′‐Amino‐3′‐hydroxy‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐acrylic Acid
Authors: Mohammadi Seyed Zia , Beitollahi Hadi , Jasemi Malihe , Akbari Ali 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA novel electrochemical sensor for sensitive detection of methyldopa at physiological pH was developed by the bulk modification of carbon paste electrode (CPE) with graphene oxide nanosheets and 3‐(4′‐amino‐3′‐hydroxy‐biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐acrylic acid (3,′AA). Applying square wave voltammetry (SWV), in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0, the oxidation current increased linearly with two concentration intervals of methyldopa, one is 1.0×10−8–1.0×10−6 M and the other is 1.0×10−6–4.5×10−5 M. The detection limit (3σ) obtained by SWV was 9.0 nM. The modified electrode was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide. Finally, the proposed method was applied to the determination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide in some real samples.
Effect of Fabrication Methodology on Morphology, Conductivity, and Thermal‐Energy Storage of a Stearic Acid/Doped‐Polyaniline Phase‐Change Material
Authors: Wang Yi , Ji Hui , Zhang Ting , Shi Huan , Zhang Deyi , Feng Huixia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo develop a new composite with features of thermal‐energy storage and electrical conductivity, stearic acid (SA)/doped polyaniline (PANI) composite phase‐change materials (PCMs) were fabricated using SA as a thermal‐energy storage material and doped PANI as the support material. The influence of the synthetic parameters on the morphology, conductivity, and thermal‐energy storage abilities of SA/doped‐PANI was investigated. The results show that doped PANI has good affinity for SA because hydrogen bonding leads to the formation of a uniform and close coating. Nuclei of doped PANI grew on the SA surface and retained its original morphological structure. The morphology of SA/doped‐PANI can be regulated by adjusting the reaction conditions. SA in the SA/doped‐PANI acts as a structure‐directing agent, thermal‐energy storage medium, and co‐doping agent. The differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that the thermal‐energy storage performance of SA/doped‐PANI will be enhanced if a low reaction temperature is used with oil‐soluble benzoyl peroxide as the oxidant and sulfamic acid as the doping acid.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Control Based on a Nonlinear Backstepping Approach for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Energy Conversion System Connected to a Utility Grid
Authors: Errami Youssef , Ouassaid Mohammed , Cherkaoui Mohamed , Maaroufi Mohamed 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWith the high penetration of wind energy resources in the electric grid, the effectiveness of variable‐speed wind energy conversion systems (WECS) can be enhanced considerably by a careful choice of the control strategy. This paper presents a control strategy to track the maximum power point for a wind power generation system. This system is based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind turbine system with full‐power back‐to‐back converters and connected to a utility grid. The system organization and control approach are presented. The controller is based on the nonlinear backstepping approach, which is robust to parameter uncertainties. The generator‐side converter is employed to regulate the velocity of the PMSG with maximum power point tracking, and the grid‐side converter is used to control the dc‐link voltage and to regulate the power factor with a varying wind velocity. The proposed nonlinear backstepping approach is used to control both the PMSG and grid‐side converters of a WECS. By using Lyapunov analysis, the stability of the regulators is assured. The proposed structure and control methodology are verified through Matlab simulations. Furthermore, a comparison of simulation results based on the proposed backstepping algorithm and conventional proportional integral controller is provided.
Anharmonic Effect of the Unimolecular Dissociation of HFCO and DFCO
Authors: Zhong Jingjun , Wang Weiwen , Li Qian , Xia Wenwen , Shao Ying , Yao Li , Lin S. H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe unimolecular reactions of HFCO and DFCO have been studied by RRKM theory. The harmonic and anharmonic rate constants of the HFCO and DFCO decompositions have been calculated. The harmonic and anharmonic rate constants increase with the increasing temperatures and total energies both in the canonical and microcanonical systems. The comparison shows that the rate constants of DFCO decomposition are lower than that of the HFCO decomposition. The anharmonic effect and isotope effect have also been investigated. It has been found that the anharmonic effect and isotope effect are not significant either in the canonical or microcanonical system for all the reactions.
Effect of the Reaction Alkaline Environment on the Morphology and Spectroscopic Characterizations of ZnO‐Graphene Composite
Authors: Wu Chunxia , He Zijuan , Tian Zhengshan , Song Zelin , Song Xing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZnO‐graphene composite was synthesized by using graphene oxide (GO), zinc acetate (Zn(CH3COO)2⋅2H2O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and ethylene glycol as precursors through a one‐pot hydrothermal process. The concentration of NaOH solution had an important effect on the morphology, defects and spectroscopic characterizations of the ZnO‐graphene composite. With the increase of concentration of NaOH solution, the morphology of the composite changed significantly. The morphological evolution was analyzed through SEM and TEM observations, and the Raman and PL spectral variations were discussed.
Scaled Fourier Transforms and Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
Authors: Kouri Donald J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAt the recent QSCP XIX, the author claimed a procedure of using a scaled Fourier transform (the scaling being determined by the detailed interaction and particle mass for a harmonic oscillator) to achieve simultaneous resolution of position and momentum greater than the standard Heisenberg value of 1/2. The procedure, while correct for digital signal processing, is, in fact, invalid for quantum mechanics. The purpose of this paper is simply to give the correct analysis of the uncertainty product, thereby clarifying the error made.
Review of reported adverse drug reactions in a local health facility
Authors: Ierano Courtney , Morrissey Hana , Ball Patrick , Nielsen Sharon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are common, causing significant morbidity and mortality. In 2011, there were approximately 247 000 reports of suspected ADRs reported to the Australian Therapeutics Goods Administration. It has been reported that in 2003, 2–4% of all hospital admissions were medication‐related, and up to 75% of these were thought to be potentially preventable, costing the health system approximately $400 million.AimTo review the ADRs reported in a rural hospital and estimate the proportion that could have been predicted and/or prevented so as to inform future prevention strategies.MethodThis was a retrospective observational study conducted in a rural hospital in Australia. The study involved systematic review of the cases of patients admitted during a 1‐month period. The prevalence of ADRs, the clinical history, the causative agent and the type of reaction were recorded. The preventability, predictability and severity of the ADRs were evaluated using validated instruments.ResultsThere were 735 patients admitted to hospital during the data collection period, and the cases of 200 renal dialysis patients were excluded from further analysis on the basis of the atypical pattern of admissions for this group. Data from the remaining 535 patients were reviewed, and in 118 cases, these did not have a National Inpatient Medication Chart as they were admitted to the emergency department or day surgery unit. In total, 417 National Inpatient Medication Charts were available for further analysis. There were recorded ADRs in 90 cases, and on some charts multiple ADRs were recorded. A total of 150 recorded ADRs were investigated, and ultimately 82% were considered to have been predictable and 97% were considered to be preventable.ConclusionThis research suggests that ADRs are often both predictable and preventable. Further measures need to be implemented to ensure correct recording of ADRs, to inform appropriate patient management and to minimise associated harm and optimise health outcomes.
Antidepressant activity of fingolimod in mice
Authors: di Nuzzo Luigi , Orlando Rosamaria , Tognoli Cristina , Di Pietro Paola , Bertini Giuseppe , Miele Jessica , Bucci Domenico , Motolese Marta , Scaccianoce Sergio , Caruso Alessandra , Mauro Gianluca , De Lucia Carmine , Battaglia Giuseppe , Bruno Valeria , Fabene Paolo Francesco , Nicoletti Ferdinando 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecent findings indicate that fingolimod, the first oral drug approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), acts as a direct inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs) and enhances the production of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CNS. Both mechanisms are relevant to the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression. We examined the antidepressant activity of fingolimod in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a model of reactive depression endowed with face and pharmacological validity. Chronic treatment with fingolimod (3 mg kg−1, i.p., once a day for 4 weeks) reduced the immobility time in the forced swim test (FST) in a large proportion of CUS mice. This treatment also caused anxiogenic‐like effects in the social interaction test without affecting anxiety‐like behavior in the elevated plus maze or spatial learning in the water maze. CUS mice showed reduced BDNF levels and enhanced HDAC2 levels in the hippocampus. These changes were reversed by fingolimod exclusively in mice that showed a behavioral response to the drug in the FST. Fingolimod treatment also enhanced H3 histone K14‐acetylation and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus of CUS mice. Fingolimod did not affect most of the parameters we have tested in unstressed control mice. The antidepressant‐like activity of fingolimod was confirmed in mice chronically treated with corticosterone. These findings show for the first time that fingolimod exerts antidepressant‐like effect acting in a “disease‐dependent” manner, and raise the interesting possibility that the drug could relieve depressive symptoms in MS patients independently of its disease‐modifying effect on MS.
Saroglitazar, a novel PPARα/γ agonist with predominant PPARα activity, shows lipid‐lowering and insulin‐sensitizing effects in preclinical models
Authors: Jain Mukul R. , Giri Suresh R. , Trivedi Chitrang , Bhoi Bibhuti , Rath Akshyaya , Vanage Geeta , Vyas Purvi , Ranvir Ramchandra , Patel Pankaj R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSaroglitazar is a novel nonthiazolidinediones (TZD) and nonfibric acid derivative designed to act as dual regulator of lipids and glucose metabolism by activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR). These studies evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of Saroglitazar in preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. The EC50 values of Saroglitazar assessed in HepG2 cells using PPAR transactivation assay for hPPARα and hPPARγ were 0.65 pmol/L and 3 nmol/L, respectively. In db/db mice, 12‐day treatment with Saroglitazar (0.01–3 mg/kg per day, orally) caused dose‐dependent reductions in serum triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), and glucose. The ED50 for these effects was found to be 0.05, 0.19, and 0.19 mg/kg, respectively with highly significant (91%) reduction in serum insulin and AUC‐glucose following oral glucose administration (59%) at 1 mg/kg dose. Significant reduction in serum TG (upto 90%) was also observed in Zucker fa/fa rats, Swiss albino mice, and in high fat ‐high cholesterol (HF‐HC)‐fed Golden Syrian hamsters. LDL cholesterol was significantly lowered in hApoB100/hCETP double transgenic mice and HF‐HC diet fed Golden Syrian Hamsters. Hyperinsulinemic‐Euglycemic clamp study in Zucker fa/fa rats demonstrated potent insulin‐sensitizing activity. Saroglitazar also showed a significant decrease in SBP (22 mmHg) and increase (62.1%) in serum adiponectin levels in Zucker fa/fa rats. A 90‐day repeated dose comparative study in Wistar rats and marmosets confirmed efficacy (TG lowering) potential of Saroglitazar and has indicated low risk of PPAR‐associated side effects in humans. Based on efficacy and safety profile, Saroglitazar appears to have good potential as novel therapeutic agent for treatment of dyslipidemia and diabetes.
Novel aspects of cholinergic regulation of colonic ion transport
Authors: Bader Sandra , Diener Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNicotinic receptors are not only expressed by excitable tissues, but have been identified in various epithelia. One aim of this study was to investigate the expression of nicotinic receptors and their involvement in the regulation of ion transport across colonic epithelium. Ussing chamber experiments with putative nicotinic agonists and antagonists were performed at rat colon combined with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) detection of nicotinic receptor subunits within the epithelium. Dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP) and nicotine induced a tetrodotoxin‐resistant anion secretion leading to an increase in short‐circuit current (Isc) across colonic mucosa. The response was suppressed by the nicotinic receptor antagonist hexamethonium. RT‐PCR experiments revealed the expression of α2, α4, α5, α6, α7, α10, and β4 nicotinic receptor subunits in colonic epithelium. Choline, the product of acetylcholine hydrolysis, is known for its affinity to several nicotinic receptor subtypes. As a strong acetylcholinesterase activity was found in colonic epithelium, the effect of choline on Isc was examined. Choline induced a concentration‐dependent, tetrodotoxin‐resistant chloride secretion which was, however, resistant against hexamethonium, but was inhibited by atropine. Experiments with inhibitors of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors revealed that choline‐evoked secretion was mainly due to a stimulation of epithelial M3 receptors. Although choline proved to be only a partial agonist, it concentration‐dependently desensitized the response to acetylcholine, suggesting that it might act as a modulator of cholinergically induced anion secretion. Thus the cholinergic regulation of colonic ion transport – up to now solely explained by cholinergic submucosal neurons stimulating epithelial muscarinic receptors – is more complex than previously assumed.
Pharmacological properties of acid N‐thiazolylamide FFA2 agonists
Authors: Brown Andrew J. , Tsoulou Christina , Ward Emma , Gower Elaine , Bhudia Nisha , Chowdhury Forhad , Dean Tony W. , Faucher Nicolas , Gangar Akanksha , Dowell Simon J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFFA2 is a receptor for short‐chain fatty acids. Propionate (C3) and 4‐chloro‐α‐(1‐methylethyl)‐N‐2‐thiazolyl‐benzeneacetamide (4‐CMTB), the prototypical synthetic FFA2 agonist, evoke calcium mobilization in neutrophils and inhibit lipolysis in adipocytes via this G‐protein‐coupled receptor. 4‐CMTB contains an N‐thiazolylamide motif but no acid group, and 4‐CMTB and C3 bind to different sites on FFA2 and show allosteric cooperativity. Recently, FFA2 agonists have been described that contain both N‐thiazolylamide and carboxylate groups, reminiscent of bitopic ligands. These are thought to engage the carboxylate‐binding site on FFA2, but preliminary evidence suggests they do not bind to the same site as 4‐CMTB even though both contain N‐thiazolylamide. Here, we describe the characterization of four FFA2 ligands containing both N‐thiazolylamide and carboxylate. (R)‐3‐benzyl‐4‐((4‐(2‐chlorophenyl)thiazol‐2‐yl)(methyl)amino)‐4‐oxobutanoic acid (compound 14) exhibits allosteric agonism with 4‐CMTB but not C3. Three other compounds agonize FFA2 in [35S]GTPγS‐incorporation or cAMP assays but behave as inverse agonists in yeast‐based gene‐reporter assays, showing orthosteric antagonism of C3 responses but allosteric antagonism of 4‐CMTB responses. Thus, the bitopic‐like FFA2 ligands engage the orthosteric site but do not compete at the site of 4‐CMTB binding on an FFA2 receptor molecule. Compound 14 activates FFA2 on human neutrophils and mouse adipocytes, but appears not to inhibit lipolysis upon treatment of human primary adipocytes in spite of the presence of a functional FFA2 receptor in these cells. Hence, these new ligands may reveal differences in coupling of FFA2 between human and rodent adipose tissues.
DSP‐1053, a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor with 5‐HT1A partial agonistic activity, displays fast antidepressant effect with minimal undesirable effects in juvenile rats
Authors: Kato Taro , Matsumoto Yuji , Yamamoto Masanori , Matsumoto Kenji , Baba Satoko , Nakamichi Keiko , Matsuda Harumi , Nishimuta Haruka , Yabuuchi Kazuki 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEnhancement of serotonergic neurotransmission has been the main stream of treatment for patients with depression. However, delayed therapeutic onset and undesirable side effects are major drawbacks for conventional serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Here, we show that DSP‐1053, a novel serotonin reuptake inhibitor with 5‐HT1A partial agonistic activity, displays fast antidepressant efficacy with minimal undesirable effects, especially nausea and emesis in animal models. DSP‐1053 bound human serotonin transporter and 5‐HT1A receptor with the Ki values of 1.02 ± 0.06 and 5.05 ± 1.07 nmol/L, respectively. This compound inhibited the serotonin transporter with an IC50 value of 2.74 ± 0.41 nmol/L and had an intrinsic activity for 5‐HT1A receptors of 70.0 ± 6.3%. In rat microdialysis, DSP‐1053, given once at 3 and 10 mg kg−1, dose‐dependently increased extracellular 5‐HT levels. In the rat forced swimming test, 2‐week administration of DSR‐1053 (1 mg kg−1) significantly reduced rats immobility time after treatment, whereas paroxetine (3 and 10 mg kg−1) required 3‐week administration to reduce rats immobility time. In olfactory bulbectomy model, 1‐ and 2‐week administration of DSP‐1053 reduced both of emotional scores and activity in the open field, whereas paroxetine required 2 weeks to show similar beneficial effects. Although single administration of DSP‐1053‐induced emesis and vomiting in the rat and Suncus murinus, multiple treatment with this compound, but not with paroxetine, decreased the number of vomiting episodes. These results highlight the important role of 5‐HT1A receptors in both the efficacy and tolerability of DSP‐1053 as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of depression.
Characterization of intracellular palladium nanoparticles synthesized by Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Bacillus benzeovorans
Authors: Omajali Jacob B. , Mikheenko Iryna P. , Merroun Mohamed L. , Wood Joseph , Macaskie Lynne E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEarly studies have focused on the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles within the periplasmic layer or on the outer membrane ofDesulfovibrio desulfuricansand on the S-layer protein ofBacillus sphaericus. However, it has remained unclear whether the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles also takes place in the bacterial cell cytoplasm. This study reports the use of high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy with a high-angle annular dark field detector and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry attachment to investigate the intracellular synthesis of palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs). We show the intracellular synthesis of Pd NPs within cells of two anaerobic strains ofD. desulfuricansand an aerobic strain ofB. benzeovoransusing hydrogen and formate as electron donors. The Pd nanoparticles were small and largely monodispersed, between 0.2 and 8 nm, occasionally from 9 to 12 nm with occasional larger nanoparticles. WithD. desulfuricansNCIMB 8307 (but notD.desulfuricansNCIMB 8326) and withB. benzeovoransNCIMB 12555, the NPs were larger when made at the expense of formate, co-localizing with phosphate in the latter, and were crystalline, but were amorphous when made with H2,with no phosphorus association. The intracellular Pd nanoparticles were mainly icosahedrons with surfaces comprising {111} facets and about 5 % distortion when compared with that of bulk palladium. The particles were more concentrated in the cell cytoplasm than the cell wall, outer membrane, or periplasm. We provide new evidence for synthesis of palladium nanoparticles within the cytoplasm of bacteria, which were confirmed to maintain cellular integrity during this synthesis.
The use of remote cameras for monitoring cage traps during animal trapping
Authors: Campbell Ruairidh D. , Griffith Monica 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate, over 44.6 trap nights, the application of remote cameras that send MMS images over the GSM/GPRS telecommunications network for the monitoring of cage traps. Cameras were programmed to message regularly but were also triggered by animal movement. Despite inconsistencies in messaging, the cameras were effective: For all five animal‐trapping events, images were sent on the animals approach and captures confirmed within the programmed time period. The system allowed researchers to react quickly to the capture of an animal and to respond appropriately to other trigger‐events. Network operating costs were EUR 6/trap night. We recommend setting time lapse intervals to half the maximum period over which it is ethically acceptable to hold target, or by‐catch, species.
Anxiety and depression after failure of assisted reproductive treatment among patients experiencing infertility
Authors: Maroufizadeh Saman , Karimi Elaheh , Vesali Samira , Omani Samani Reza 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of the number of previous infertility treatment failures on anxiety and depression.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, individuals (men and women, but not couples) aged at least 18 years who had a history of infertility and could read and write in Persian were enrolled at the Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran, between November 1, 2013, and February 28, 2014. Participants provided demographic and infertility information and completed the Persian version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsOverall, 330 patients (122 men, 208 women) were included. Mean scores on the HADS anxiety and depression subscales (HADS‐A and HADS‐D) were 8.40 ± 4.51 and 5.95 ± 3.54, respectively. In multiple regression analysis, mean HADS‐A scores were significantly higher for patients with one treatment failure (9.57 ± 4.58) than for those without a history of treatment (7.79 ± 4.13; P = 0.003). HADS‐D scores were significantly higher for patients with two failures (6.92 ± 3.69) than for those with no previous treatment (5.59 ± 3.79; P = 0.019).ConclusionPatients with infertility have increased depression and anxiety after infertility treatment failure. Counseling or treatment for these potential psychological effects should be considered after infertility treatment failure.