bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid rotors in F1Fo ATP synthases: subunit composition, distribution, and physiological significance
Authors: Brandt Karsten , Müller Volker 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThecring of the Na+F1FoATP synthase from the anaerobic acetogenic bacteriumAcetobacterium woodiiis encoded by three different genes:atpE1,atpE2andatpE3. Subunitc1is similar to typical V-typecsubunits and has four transmembrane helices with one ion binding site. Subunitc2andc3are identical at the amino acid level and are typical F-typecsubunits with one ion binding site in two transmembrane helices. All three constitute a hybrid FoVocring, the first found in nature. To analyze whether other species may have similar hybrid rotors, we searched every genome sequence publicly available as of 23 February 2015 for F1FoATPase operons that have more than one gene encoding thecsubunit. This revealed no other species that has three differentcsubunit encoding genes but twelve species that encode one Fo- and one Vo-typecsubunit in one operon. Theircsubunits have the conserved binding motif for Na+. The organisms are all anaerobic. The advantage of hybridcrings for the organisms in their environments is discussed.
Effects of the Addition of Grape Seed Powder on the Thermorheological Properties of Frying Batters
Authors: Cagdas Ece , Kumcuoglu Seher 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The effects of the addition of grape seed powder (GSP) on the thermorheological properties of frying batters were investigated in this study. Thermal properties, including gelatinization (T
G) and melting (T
m) temperatures, as well as enthalpies (ΔH
G, ΔH
m), were determined by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The addition of GSP decreased the T
G and T
m as the GSP levels increased. When compared with the control batter, the addition of GSP significantly decreased the apparent viscosity and viscoelastic modules (G′, G′′). The mechanical spectra of batters carried out at 15–80°C showed a transition from fluid-like to gel-like behavior. The batter pick-up values were found to be directly proportional to the batter viscosity. Both water retention capacities (WRC) and consistency index values (K) of the batters were significantly affected by the GSP addition and temperature (p < 0.05). Grape seeds have health-promoting components on a scientific basis; thus, this study provides helpful results in the development of novel frying batters.
Understanding Risk Communication Gaps through E-Government Website and Twitter Hashtag Content Analyses: The Case of Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung Eruption
Authors: Chatfield Akemi Takeoka , Reddick Christopher G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite operational volcano surveillance using meteorological satellite, thermal remote sensing and infrared camera technologies, predicting a volcano’s hazardous activity and explosive eruption, with any accuracy, remains nearly impossible. Volcanic hazards and risk literature identifies risk communication as critical but insufficiently understood. This paper, therefore, investigates disaster risk communications during Indonesia’s Mt. Sinabung eruptions in February 2014, causing 16 deaths and continuous evacuations of 30,000 residents. We critically examined one-way government-to-citizens communications via e-government websites and Twitter and citizens’ multi-directional communications via #sinabung hashtag for sharing volcano risk perceptions about affected villagers. Our Twitter analysis of #sinabung found evidence for the absence of government engagement in risk perception communications and leadership in responding to the Indonesian public’s expressed concerns for the Mt. Sinabung disaster. For governments that would implement citizen-centric e-governance, Twitter can be used effectively as a multi-directional risk communication tool to quickly and effectively share risk perceptions and disaster information with the public.
High photoelectric PPV/PVA/Ag composite nanofibers by co-electrospinning
Authors: Gao Yang , Sun Zhiyao , Sun Liguo , Wang Cheng , Wang Shuhong , Yuan Jihong , Zang Linlin , Yan Pengfei 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Poly(phenylene vinylene)/polyvinyl alcohol/Ag (PPV/PVA/Ag) composite nanofibers with excellent photoelectric properties were prepared by coaxial electrospinning using PPV/PVA as the shell and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) as the core, Ag NPs aqueous solution was prepared by the reduction method. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that Ag NPs are of a face-centered cubic structure, with an average diameter of 46 nm and the composite nanofibers have uniform and continuous morphology. With increasing Ag content, the diameters of the composite nanofibers decreased from 653 nm to 250 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns verified that in the composite nanofibers, the Ag NPs are not transformed. In the photoluminescence spectra, the PPV/PVA/Ag composite nanofibers presented red-shift compared with PPV/PVA nanofibers. Under illumination, the as-prepared PPV/PVA/Ag composite nanofibers exhibited relatively high photocurrent intensity.
Sustainable Transport in Romania vs. European Union. Analysis of Road Transport System from the Sustainable Transport Perspective
Authors: Clitan Andrei - Florin 
Published: April 2015

Rezumat
Durabilitatea este un termen folosit tot mai des în ultima vreme, acesta bazându-se pe trei tipuri de factori: sociali, economici și de mediu. Sistemele durabile de transport duc la creșterea coeziunii sociale, reduc problemele de mediu și ajută la crearea unei economii mai eficiente. Transportul durabil constă într-un sistem complex, care este proiectat pentru a asigura nevoile de mobilitate ale generațiilor prezente, fără a deteriora factorii de mediu și de sănătate. Prin îmbunătățirea eficienței energetice și reducerea consumului de materiale, acesta trebuie să fie capabil să îndeplinească în condiții optime, nevoia de mobilitate pentru generațiile viitoare. Sistemul de transport actual din țara noastră nu are un caracter de durabilitate.
Acest articol încearcă să identifice o serie de probleme și disfuncționalități ale sistemelor de transport, din perspectiva unui sistem de transport durabil. Pentru alinierea la standardele Uniunii Europene este necesar să se ia măsuri pentru îmbunătățirea actualului sistem de transport.
Soluțiile propuse trebuie să fie soluții ecologice, social și economic viabil echitabile. Există o serie de beneficii prin implementarea unui astfel de sistem, atât directe, cât și indirecte: un cost redus de transport, confort sporit, mai puțină poluare a mediului, reducerea accidentelor rutiere. Durabilitatea rețelelor de drumuri este atât o provocare cât și o necesitate a zilelor noastre.
Poly-acrylic Acid Brushes and Adsorbed Proteins
Authors: Reinhardt Matthias , Kreuzer Martin , Geue Thomas , Dahint Reiner , Ballauff Matthias , Steitz Roland 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Planar polyelectrolyte brushes are prepared by Langmuir–Schaefer
based grafting of perdeuterated (styrene)49-b-(acrylic
acid)222 block copolymer (dPS-b-PAA) to dPS pre-coated silicon
supports with grafting density σ
PAA from 0.07 to
0.11 nm
–2. The structure of the solvent-swollen brushes,
i. e. the volume fraction profile of polymer segments, ϕ
PAA, as a function of altitude z from the grafting
plane into the liquid phase is extracted from neutron reflectivity
measurements. We find that for all cases investigated
ϕ
PAA(z) resembles a Gaussian profile. Although very
condensed, the PAA brushes can be loaded with bovine serum albumin
(BSA). The integral amount of adsorbed BSA scales linearly with
grafting density. We compare our z-resolved volume fraction profile
ϕ
BSA(z) of BSA on PAA brushes with existing literature
on that system. It is found that a cross-over takes place in the
adsorption scheme from ternary compressive, where proteins can
approach the grafting surface only by compressing the brush, to
ternary insertive, where proteins enter the brush with only local
perturbation of the concentration profile, as a function of
R
P/H
max, where R
P is the
Stokes-Radius of the protein, and H
max is the
experimentally determined maximum height of
the brush.
Evaluation of Soft Clay Field Consolidation Using MEMS-Based In-Place Inclinometer–Accelerometer Array
Authors: Bennett Victoria , Abdoun Tarek , Barendse Matthew 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The objectives of this study are: (1) to compare data recorded with a recently developed in-place inclinometer–accelerometer system to data measured with other established instrumentation through full-scale laminar box tests and field test sites, and (2) to evaluate possible causes for discrepancies between the measured and theoretical soil settlement at a bridge replacement site on soft clay. The performance of the three-dimensional (3D) micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based in-place inclinometer–accelerometer array is evaluated for monitoring the settlement and lateral spreading of a very soft, 30-m-deep clay deposit at a New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) bridge realignment site. Brief design details are given of the developed instrumentation system, which utilizes MEMS devices to measure angles relative to gravity, in addition to signals proportional to acceleration. The estimated theoretical accuracy of the system-displacement measurement is assessed empirically using thousands of datasets from several long-term field installations. This new instrumentation system was also included in a full-scale laminar box test of a sloping saturated fine sand deposit. This full-scale test provides a means of evaluating measured acceleration data. In all cases, data recorded with the developed in-place inclinometer–accelerometer system is compared to data measured with state-of-the-practice instrumentation. These comparisons were extremely favorable and justified the future use of this instrumentation for many geotechnical applications. This study also includes an evaluation of commercially available geotechnical software settlement predictions as compared to measured data at the NYSDOT bridge realignment site. The results of this study indicate that the effectiveness of the prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is not constant throughout the monitoring period and that the changes in effectiveness cannot be captured in commercial software using a constant ch.
The political economy of securitization: The case of Boko Haram, Nigeria
Authors: Nwankpa Michael Okwuchi 
Published: April 2015

Since the abduction in 2014 of 276 high school girls in a remote village, Chibok, in Borno state, Nigeria, the activities of the proscribed group Jama’atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda’awati Wal-Jihad, popularly known as Boko Haram, has received elevated domestic and international attention, as has the Nigerian government’s strategy to deal with the group. Criticisms of the government’s ineffective handling of the situation have been made by a number of foreign governments, and several of them have offered military, intelligence, diplomatic, and law enforcement assistance to Nigeria. From a political economy perspective, this article presents a critical reading and analysis of the local and international response to Boko Haram. It finds that an interest in the “securitization” of development prevails over a genuine peace and security agenda. [JEL codes: D74, O55]
Acute dermal toxicity and sensitization studies of novel nano‐enhanced UV absorbers
Authors: Piasecka‐Zelga Joanna , Zelga Piotr , Górnicz Magdalena , Strzelczyk Paweł , Sójka‐Ledakowicz Jadwiga 
Published: April 2015

Acute dermal toxicity and sensitization studies of novel nano‐enhanced UV absorbers: Joanna Piasecka‐Zelga, et al. Institute of Occupational Medicine, Research Laboratory for Medicine and Veterinary Products in the GMP Quality System, PolandBackgroundMany employees working outside are exposed to the harmful effects of UV radiation. A growing problem is also sensitization to textile materials and allergic reactions to active compounds. Groups of inorganic UV blockers with nanoparticles may provide superior properties over organic UV absorbers with relatively less potential of provoking dermatitis.ObjectiveTo assess acute dermal irritation and sensitization of nano UV absorbers.Materials & MethodsFive UV absorbers with nano‐sized particles (Z11, TiO2 – SiO2 [TDPK], TK44, TK11, A8G) and 2 vehicles (paste‐based on 10% PEG, and dispersion with 1% HEC) were tested. Acute dermal irritation was tested using group of 3 rabbits for each absorber. The sensitization study was carried out on groups of 15 guinea pigs for each tested textile with a UV absorber showing an Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF)>40. This research was designed according to OECD Test Guideline No. 404 and 406, and 21 rabbits and 60 guinea pigs were used in the study.ResultsIn acute dermal irritation, Z11and A8G modifiers and the analyzed paste gave results of 0.047 to 0.33 which classifies them as barely perceptible irritants, whereas the other analyzed modifiers and dispersion gave results of 0.00 and were classified as nonirritating. Only the textile with TK 11 did not have UPF>40. The analyzed barrier materials were classified as nonsenitizers (TDPK, A8G) or mild sensitizers (TK44, Z11).ConclusionsNone of the analyzed materials or modifiers induced major skin reactions in animals. Therefore, they present low risk of provoking skin reactions in humans.
Advances in Coatings Protection Extend Offshore Facility Life
Authors: Gibbs Brian , Jansen Edward 
Published: April 2015

As producers push logistical and technological limits to operate in deeper water and more remote locations, maintaining and repairing offshore structures can present a number of challenges unique to these environments. One of the costliest is corrosion.
While fixed steel platforms are designed on the basis that there will be external fouling (marine growth buildup), floating oil and gas facilities require routine maintenance and preventive solutions to control corrosion.
Femoral Component Rotation in Patellofemoral Joint Replacement: A Study Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Westerbeek Robin E , Derks Rosalie P.H , Zonneveld Bas J.G.L , Jonbergen Hans-Peter W. van 
Published: April 2015

Patellofemoral joint replacement is a successful treatment option for isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis. The
short and mid-term outcomes are related to malposition and unexplained pain. Whether external rotation of the femoral
component in isolated patellofemoral joint replacement is required is unclear. The primary aim of this study is to
determine the CT-measured femoral component rotation of patellofemoral joint replacement relative to the
transepicondylar axis. The secondary aim is to correlate the CT-measured femoral component rotation with the clinical
outcomes at 1-year follow-up as assessed with the KOOS questionnaire.
We designed a prospective observational study with medical research ethics committee and institutional review board
approval. A total of 40 patients who will be treated with patellofemoral joint replacement for isolated patellofemoral
osteoarthritis will be included. Intra-operatively, rotation of the femoral component will be assessed using anatomical
landmarks including the epicondylar axis, Whiteside’s line, and lower leg axis. The aim is to insert the femoral component
between 3 and 6 degrees external rotation relative to the transepicondylar axis. Two experienced musculoskeletal
radiologists will measure the angle between the transepicondylar axis and the femoral component, two to three days after
surgery. The primary outcome is the CT-based femoral component rotation of the prosthesis relative to the
transepicondylar axis. The secondary outcome is the patient reported KOOS questionnaire at 1-year follow-up.
Successful completion of this study will provide data on the actual amount of femoral component rotation in
patellofemoral joint replacement, and its relationship with clinical results. (Netherlands Trial Register NTR4175).
Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Plate Osteosynthesis Does Not Increase Complication Rates in Extra-Articular Distal Tibial Fractures
Authors: Bingol Izzet , Yalcin Nadir , Bicici Vedat , Tulunay Tolga , Yuksel Kaan , Kilicarslan Kasim 
Published: April 2015

Background :
Selection of a treatment method in cases of unstable, nonarticular distal tibial fractures is still a matter of discussion. Intramedullary nailing, which is a “gold standard” for tibial shaft fractures, does not always work for this specific transition area between diaphysis and metaphysis. Instead, new minimally invasive techniques with special implants are popular.

Aims :
To determine the functional and radiological results of distal tibial fractures treated with minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) technique.

Study Design :
Retrospective cohort analysis.

Methods :
Thirty distal tibial fractures treated with MIPPO method, between January 2006 and December 2010, were evaluated retrospectively. All patients were classified according to AO/OTA classification. Period of hospital stay, time of fracture union, time to allow full weight bearing, early and late complications were inquired. Functional outcomes were assessed by AOFAS scores.

Results :
There were 13 male and 17 female patients with an average age of 44.26 (range, 22-77 years). One superficial infection and one malunion were observed. Two patients were revised for the loss of reduction and healed uneventfully. According to the AO/OTA classification, 23 patients were 43-A1 (76.6%), 3 were 43-A2 (10%) and 4 were 43-A3 (13.3%). Post-operative mean stay of patients at the hospital was 2.6 ± 1.42 days (range, 1-7 days). Mean full weight-bearing period of the patients was found out as 13.16 ± 2.6 weeks (range, 10-22 weeks). The mean period of union of fracture for patients was found out as 19.8 ± 2.99 weeks (range, 16-34 weeks).

Conclusion :
Treatment of distal tibial fractures with MIPPO method provides a successful treatment strategy as long as used as per the technique, and it respects and does not harm soft tissues which allows early callus formation and rapid healing that enable the patient to walk as early as possible after the operation. The overall clinical and functional outcome is still good despite minor complications.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Diagnosis of Occult Osseous Injuries in Traumatic Knees
Authors: Mutlu Serhat , Mutlu Harun , Kömür Baran , Guler Olcay , Yucel Bulent , Parmaksızoğlu Atilla 
Published: April 2015

Background :
Occult osseous knee injuries, such as bone bruises, can produce persistent pain and functional loss. Although bone bruises cannot be identified through direct examination or traditional radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as an effective diagnostic method. Nevertheless, the natural history of these injuries remains to be fully defined. Therefore, we used MRI to detect and follow bone bruise injuries secondary to knee trauma.

Methods :
We retrospectively reviewed knee MRIs from patients with bone bruising caused by trauma. Occult injuries were initially identified by MRI and subsequently rescanned for follow-up at 3 and 9 months. All patients underwent physical examinations, direct radiological imaging, and MRI.

Results :
Although direct radiographs showed no abnormalities, we used MRI to identify a total of 22 patients (age range: 19–42 years; mean: 28 years) with bone bruising. After 3 months, injuries remained detectable in 68.2% of the subjects, whereas 18.2% displayed bone bruising after 9 months. The majority of Type I lesions resolved spontaneously, whereas 80% of Type II injuries remained following 3 months, and 30% persisted at 9 months. Ligament and meniscal lesions were observed in 63.6% of patients with bone bruising and appeared to hinder recovery.

Conclusion :
Bone bruises generally resolved within 3 to 9 months in subjects with no soft tissue lesions and minor trauma. However, ligament and meniscal lesions were observed in the majority of patients, and these individuals required longer treatment and recuperation. Overall, these findings can contribute to improving the management of occult osseous knee injuries.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)
Authors: Bucy Daniel S. , Guzman David Sanchez-Migallon , Zwingenberger Allison L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective—To determine which organs can be reliably visualized ultrasonographically in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps), describe their normal ultrasonographic appearance, and describe an ultrasonographic technique for use with this species.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—14 healthy bearded dragons (6 females and 8 males).
Procedures—Bearded dragons were manually restrained in dorsal and sternal recumbency, and coelomic organs were evaluated by use of linear 7- to 15-MHz and microconvex 5- to 8-MHz transducers. Visibility, size, echogenicity, and ultrasound transducer position were assessed for each organ.
Results—Coelomic ultrasonography with both microconvex and linear ultrasound transducers allowed for visualization of the heart, pleural surface of the lungs, liver, caudal vena cava, aorta, ventral abdominal vein, gallbladder, fat bodies, gastric fundus, cecum, colon, cloaca, kidneys, and testes or ovaries in all animals. The pylorus was visualized in 12 of 14 animals. The small intestinal loops were visualized in 12 of 14 animals with the linear transducer, but could not be reliably identified with the microconvex transducer. The hemipenes were visualized in 7 of 8 males. The adrenal glands and spleen were not identified in any animal. Anechoic free coelomic fluid was present in 11 of 14 animals. Heart width, heart length, ventricular wall thickness, gastric fundus wall thickness, and height of the caudal poles of the kidneys were positively associated with body weight. Testis width was negatively associated with body weight in males.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated coelomic ultrasonography is a potentially valuable imaging modality for assessment of most organs in bearded dragons and can be performed in unsedated animals.
Evaluation of annual survival and mortality rates and longevity of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at the United States Navy Marine Mammal Program from 2004 through 2013
Authors: Venn-Watson Stephanie K. , Jensen Eric D. , Smith Cynthia R. , Xitco Mark , Ridgway Sam H. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate annual survival and mortality rates and the longevity of a managed population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus).
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—103 bottlenose dolphins at the US Navy Marine Mammal Program (MMP).
Procedures—Population age structures, annual survival and crude mortality rates, and median age at death for dolphins > 30 days old were determined from 2004 through 2013.
Results—During 2004 through 2013, the annual survival rates for MMP dolphins ranged from 0.98 to 1.0, and the annual crude mortality rates ranged from 0% to 5%, with a mean of 2.7%. The median age at death was 30.1 years from 2004 through 2008 and increased to 32 years from 2009 through 2013. The maximum age for a dolphin in the study was 52 years.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the annual mortality rates were low and survival rates were high for dolphins in the MMP from 2004 through 2013 and that the median age at death for MMP dolphins during that time was over 10 years greater than that reported in free-ranging dolphins. These findings were likely attributable to the continually improving care and husbandry of managed dolphin populations.