bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Convenient Method To Screen for Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Fournier Damien , Garnier Pauline , Jeannot Katy , Mille Amélie , Gomez Anne-Sophie , Plésiat Patrick 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

A combined-disk method using imipenem and cloxacillin was evaluated to discriminate between carbapenemase-producing (
n
= 56) and nonproducing (
n
= 62) strains of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. With a cloxacillin load of 4,000 μg/disk, this very simple method showed a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%, irrespective of the type of carbapenemase produced.
Chronic Rhinovirus Infection in an Adult with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Flight William G. , Bright-Thomas Rowland J. , Tilston Peter , Mutton Kenneth J. , Guiver Malcolm , Webb A. Kevin , Jones Andrew M. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Rhinovirus is a common cause of exacerbations of cystic fibrosis (CF) and is usually considered a self-limiting infection. We report a case of chronic infection with rhinovirus A type 33 in a 43-year-old male with CF which has persisted for over 2 years.
Cluster of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections in Illinois in 2012
Authors: Tsai Victoria , Pritzker Bernard B. , Diaz Maureen H. , Winchell Jonas M. , Hicks Lauri A. , Petrone Brianna , Benitez Alvaro , Wolff Bernard J. , Soyemi Kenneth L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Macrolide-resistant
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
is an increasing problem worldwide but is not well documented in the United States. We report a cluster of macrolide-resistant
M. pneumoniae
cases among a mother and two daughters.
Application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of the Fastidious Pediatric Pathogens Aggregatibacter, Eikenella, Haemophilus, and Kingella
Authors: Powell Eleanor A. , Blecker-Shelly Deborah , Montgomery Sandra , Mortensen Joel E. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

The accuracy of matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in the identification of
Haemophilus
,
Aggregatibacter
,
Cardiobacterium
,
Eikenella
, and
Kingella
(HACEK) species was compared to that of phenotypic methods (Remel RapID and Vitek 2). Overall, Vitek MS correctly identified more isolates, incorrectly identified fewer isolates, and failed to identify fewer isolates than both phenotypic methods.
Fecal Influenza in Mammals: Selection of Novel Variants
Authors: Koçer Zeynep A. , Obenauer John , Zaraket Hassan , Zhang Jinghui , Rehg Jerold E. , Russell Charles J. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

In aquatic birds, influenza A viruses mainly replicate in the intestinal tract without significantly affecting the health of the host, but in mammals, they replicate in the respiratory tract and often cause disease. Occasionally, influenza viruses have been detected in stool samples of hospitalized patients and in rectal swabs of naturally or experimentally infected mammals. In this study, we compared the biological and molecular differences among four wild-type avian H1N1 influenza viruses and their corresponding fecal and lung isolates in DBA/2J and BALB/cJ mice. All fecal and lung isolates were more pathogenic than the original wild-type viruses, when inoculated into mice of both strains. The increased virulence was associated with the acquisition of genetic mutations. Most of the novel genotypes emerged as PB2
E627K
, HA
F128V
, HA
F454L
, or HA
H300P
variations, and double mutations frequently occurred in the same isolate. However, influenza virus strain- and host-specific differences were also observed in terms of selected variants. The avian H1N1 virus of shorebird origin appeared to be unique in its ability to rapidly adapt to BALB/cJ mice via the fecal route, compared to the adaptability of the H1N1 virus of mallard origin. Furthermore, a bimodal distribution in fecal shedding was observed in mice infected with the fecal isolates, while a normal distribution was observed after infection with the lung isolates or wild-type virus. Fecal isolates contained HA mutations that increased the activation pH of the HA protein. We conclude that influenza virus variants that emerge in fecal isolates in mammals might influence viral transmission, adaptation to mammals, and viral ecology or evolution.
Dynamics of Cytokine/Chemokine Responses in Intestinal CD4+and CD8+T Cells during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Kenway-Lynch Carys S. , Das Arpita , Pan Diganta , Lackner Andrew A. , Pahar Bapi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTLoss of intestinal CD4+T cells was associated with decreased production of several T-helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 cytokines and increased production of interleukin 17 (IL-17), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), CCL4, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by CD8+T cells 21 days after simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques. Shifting of mucosal TH1 to TH2 or T-cytotoxic 1 (TC1) to TC2 cytokine profiles was not evident. Additionally, both CD4+and CD8+T cells showed upregulation of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-basic) cytokines that have been linked to HIV disease progression.
Generation of Multiple Replication-Competent Retroviruses through Recombination between PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2
Authors: Delviks-Frankenberry Krista , Paprotka Tobias , Cingöz Oya , Wildt Sheryl , Hu Wei-Shau , Coffin John M. , Pathak Vinay K. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

We previously identified two novel endogenous murine leukemia virus proviruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, and showed that they most likely recombined during xenograft passaging of a human prostate tumor in mice to generate xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV). To determine the recombination potential of PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2, we examined the generation of replication-competent retroviruses (RCRs) over time in a cell culture system. We observed that either virus alone was noninfectious and the RNA transcripts of the viruses were undetectable in the blood and spleen of nude mice that carry them. To determine their potential to generate RCRs through recombination, we transfected PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2 into 293T cells and used the virus produced to infect fresh cells; the presence of reverse transcriptase activity at 10 days postinfection indicated the presence of RCRs. Population sequencing of proviral DNA indicated that all RCRs contained the
gag
and 5′ half of
pol
from PreXMRV-2 and the long terminal repeat, 3′ half of
pol
(including integrase), and
env
from PreXMRV-1. All crossovers were within sequences of at least 9 identical nucleotides, and crossovers within each of two selected recombination zones of 415 nucleotides (nt) in the 5′ untranslated region and 982 nt in
pol
were required to generate RCRs. A recombinant with the same genotype as XMRV was not detected, and our analysis indicates that the probability of generating an identical RCR is vanishingly small. In addition, the studies indicate that the process of RCR formation is primarily driven by selection for viable
cis
and
trans
elements from the parental proviruses.
Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 48 Encodes an Active Nuclease
Authors: Mueller Niklaus H. , Gilden Don , Cohrs Randall J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Based on a DNA sequence and relative genomic position similar to those other herpesviruses, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) open reading frame 48 (ORF48) is predicted to encode an alkaline nuclease. Here we report the cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant VZV ORF48 protein and a VZV ORF48 point mutation (T172P). Protein encoded by wild-type ORF48, but not mutant protein, displayed both endo- and exonuclease activity, identifying ORF48 as a potential therapeutic target in VZV disease since efficient viral replication requires viral nuclease activity.
Family History of Diabetes and Pancreatic Cancer as Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: The PACIFIC Study
Authors: Austin Melissa A. , Kuo Elena , Van Den Eeden Stephen K. , Mandelson Margaret T. , Brentnall Teresa A. , Kamineni Aruna , Potter John D. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Genetic association studies have identified more than a dozen genes associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. Given this genetic heterogeneity, family history can be useful for identifying individuals at high risk for this disease. The goal of this analysis was to evaluate associations of family history of diabetes and family history of pancreatic cancer with risk of pancreatic cancer. PACIFIC is a case–control study based on two large health plans. Cases were diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and controls were selected from the health plan enrollment databases and frequency matched to cases. Family history data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and were available on 654 cases and 697 controls. Logistic regression was used for the association analyses. First-degree relative history of diabetes was statistically significantly associated with increased risk of PDA [OR, 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–1.71]. The highest risk of PDA was observed for an offspring with diabetes (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.23–3.09). In addition, history of pancreatic cancer increased risk for PDA with an OR of 2.79 (95% CI, 1.44–4.08) for any first-degree relative history of pancreatic cancer. This population-based analysis showed that family history of diabetes was associated with increased risk of PDA and confirmed previous studies showing that first-degree family history of pancreatic cancer is associated with PDA. These results support the need for ongoing studies of genetic influences on pancreatic cancer in large samples and investigations of possible pleiotropic genetic effects on diabetes and pancreatic cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(10); 1913–7. ©2013 AACR.
Impact of c-MYC Protein Expression on Outcome of Patients with Early-Stage HER2+ Breast Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Trastuzumab NCCTG (Alliance) N9831
Authors: Dueck Amylou C. , Reinholz Monica M. , Geiger Xochiquetzal J. , Tenner Kathleen , Ballman Karla , Jenkins Robert B. , Riehle Darren , Chen Beiyun , McCullough Ann E. , Davidson Nancy E. , Martino Silvana , Sledge George W. , Kaufman Peter A. , Kutteh Leila A. , Gralow Julie , Harris Lyndsay N. , Ingle James N. , Lingle Wilma L. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the association between tumor MYC protein expression and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients randomized to receive chemotherapy alone (Arm A) or chemotherapy with sequential (Arm B) or concurrent trastuzumab (Arm C) in the N9831 (Alliance) adjuvant HER2+ trastuzumab breast cancer trial.
Experimental Design: This analysis included 1,736 patients randomized to Arms A, B, and C on N9831. Nuclear MYC protein expression was determined in tissue microarray sections containing three biopsies per patient or whole tissue sections using standard immunohistochemistry (clone 9E10). A tumor was considered positive for MYC protein overexpression (MYC+) if the nuclear 3+ staining percentage was more than 30%.
Results: Five hundred and seventy-four (33%) tumors were MYC+. MYC+ was associated with hormone receptor positivity (χ2, P = 0.006), tumors 2 cm or more (χ2, P = 0.02), and a higher rate of nodal positivity (χ2, P &lt; 0.001). HRs for DFS (median follow-up: 6.1 years) for Arm C versus A were 0.52 (P = 0.006) and 0.65 (P = 0.006) for patients with MYC+ and MYC− tumors, respectively (Pinteraction = 0.40). For Arm B versus A, HRs for patients with MYC+ and MYC− tumors were 0.79 (P = 0.21) and 0.74 (P = 0.04), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.71). For Arm C versus B, HRs for patients with MYC+ and MYC− tumors were 0.56 (P = 0.02) and 0.89 (P = 0.49), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.17).
Conclusions: Our data do not support an impact of tumor MYC protein expression on differential benefit from adjuvant trastuzumab. Clin Cancer Res; 19(20); 5798–807. ©2013 AACR.
Autophagy Sustains Mitochondrial Glutamine Metabolism and Growth of BrafV600E–Driven Lung Tumors
Authors: Strohecker Anne M. , Guo Jessie Yanxiang , Karsli-Uzunbas Gizem , Price Sandy M. , Chen Guanghua Jim , Mathew Robin , McMahon Martin , White Eileen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Autophagic elimination of defective mitochondria suppresses oxidative stress and preserves mitochondrial function. Here, the essential autophagy gene Atg7 was deleted in a mouse model of BrafV600E-induced lung cancer in the presence or absence of the tumor suppressor Trp53. Atg7 deletion initially induced oxidative stress and accelerated tumor cell proliferation in a manner indistinguishable from Nrf2 ablation. Compound deletion of Atg7 and Nrf2 had no additive effect, suggesting that both genes modulate tumorigenesis by regulating oxidative stress and revealing a potential mechanism of autophagy-mediated tumor suppression. At later stages of tumorigenesis, Atg7 deficiency resulted in an accumulation of defective mitochondria, proliferative defects, reduced tumor burden, conversion of adenomas and adenocarcinomas to oncocytomas, and increased mouse life span. Autophagy-defective tumor-derived cell lines were impaired in their ability to respire and survive starvation and were glutamine-dependent, suggesting that autophagy-supplied substrates from protein degradation sustains BrafV600E tumor growth and metabolism.
Significance: The essential autophagy gene Atg7 functions to promote BrafV600E-driven lung tumorigenesis by preserving mitochondrial glutamine metabolism. This suggests that inhibiting autophagy is a novel approach to treating BrafV600E-driven cancers. Cancer Discov; 3(11); 1272–85. ©2013 AACR.
See related commentary by Chen and Guan, p. 1225
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1207
Biphasic myosin II light chain activation during clot retraction
Authors: Egot Marion , Kauskot Alexandre , Lasne Dominique , Gaussem Pascale , Bachelot-Loza Christilla 
Published: August 2013

SummaryClot retraction is an essential step during primary haemostasis, thereby promoting thrombus stability and wound healing. Integrin αIIbβ3 plays a critical role in clot retraction, by inducing acto-myosin interactions that allow platelet cytoskeleton reorganisation. However, the signalling pathways that lead to clot retraction are still misunderstood. In this study, we report the first data on the kinetics of myosin II light chain (MLC) phosphorylation during clot retraction. We found an early phosphorylation peak followed by a second peak. By using specific inhibitors of kinases and small G proteins, we showed that MLC kinase (MLCK), RhoA/ROCK, and Rac-1 were involved in clot retraction and in the early MLC phosphorylation peak. Only Rac-1 and actin polymerisation, controlled by outside-in signalling, were crucial to the second MLC phosphorylation peak.
Studies on CD36 deficiency in South China: Two cases demonstrating the clinical impact of anti-CD36 antibodies
Authors: Xu Xiuzhang , Ye Xin , Xia Wenjie , Liu Jing , Ding Haoqiang , Deng Jing , Chen Yangkai , Shao Yuan , Wang Jiali , Fu Yongshui , Santoso Sentot 
Published: August 2013

SummaryCD36 (also known as GPIV) deficiency is known to be responsible for the production of anti-Naka antibodies in different clinical settings such as fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT), platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) and post-transfusion purpura (PTP). However, no data regarding the relevance of CD36 immunisation is currently available for China. In this study, healthy blood donors were typed for CD36 deficiency using flow cytometry. Nucleotide sequencing was performed to identify the molecular basis underlying the CD36 deficiency. Anti-Naka antibodies in CD36-deficient individuals were analysed by ELISA and flow cytometry. By analysis of 998 healthy blood donors, 18 individuals failed to express CD36 on their platelets. In 5/12 individuals no CD36 expression was detected both on platelets and monocytes. This result suggested that the frequencies of type I CD36 deficiency (platelets and monocytes) and type II CD36 deficiency (platelets only) are approximately 0.5 and 1.3%, respectively. Nucleotide sequencing analysis of type I CD36 deficient individuals revealed eight different mutations; four of them were not described so far. However, 1228–1239de/ ATTGTGCCTATT and 329–330de/AC appear to be the most common mutations related to type I CD36 deficiency in South Chinese population. Further analysis showed that 1/5 type I CD36 deficient individuals developed anti-Naka antibodies. In addition, anti-Naka antibodies could be identified in two cases of thrombocytopenia associated with FNAIT and PTR. In conclusion, more than 0.5% of CD36 type I-deficient individuals are at risk to be immunised through blood transfusion or pregnancy in China. Testing of anti-Naka antibodies should be considered in FNAIT and PTR suspected cases. A registry of CD36-deficient donors should be established to allow treatment of immune-mediated bleeding disorders caused by anti-Naka antibodies.
Towards a Typology of Word-initial Consonant Clusters: Evidence from the Acquisition of Greek
Authors: Sanoudaki Eirini 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I study the production of consonant clusters by Greek children and examine the consequences of the acquisition data for phonological theory, with particular emphasis on the word-initial position. Using a non-word repetition test, I tested the order of acquisition of wordinitial and word-medial s+obstruent (sT), obstruent-obstruent (TT) and obstruent-sonorant (TR) clusters in 59 children. The results provide evidence against any analysis that assigns identical status to word-initial sT and word-initial TT, such as models of extrasyllabicity, and lend support to an alternative analysis of the beginning of the word, based on Lowenstamm's (1999) initial ON hypothesis and CVCV theory (Scheer 2004).
The Prosodic Framing of Humour in Conversational Narratives: Evidence from Greek Data
Authors: Tsakona Villy , Giakoumelou Maria , Papazachariou Dimitris , Archakis Argiris 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper we investigate the role of prosodic means in framing humour within conversational narratives. In particular, we focus on whether, how, and why jab lines as basic turn constructional units in a humorous narrative turn are marked off by prosodic features. Our aim is twofold: a) to investigate, by means of statistical tests, if jab lines are systematically segmented by pauses and by differentiation in speech rate and intensity; b) to analyse the conversational and pragmatic functions of the prosodic features under scrutiny within humorous conversational narratives. The data examined comes from 3 conversations between 2 adolescent girls (different ones in each conversation) and includes 22 humorous conversational narratives. The conversational narratives contain 170 jab lines, which are checked for the occurrence of pauses before and after them, and are measured for speech rate and intensity using the Praat software. Based on the results of our quantitative and qualitative analysis, we argue that pauses surrounding jab lines and prosodic differentiation in speech rate and intensity, either in isolation or in combination with one another, are systematically employed by the narrators in order to signal, delimit, and underline jab lines.
Code Alternation Patterns in Bilingual Family Conversation: A Conversation Analysis Approach
Authors: Georgalidou Marianthi , Kaili Hasan , Celtek Aytac 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examine aspects of the overall organization of bilingual conversation during talk-in-interaction among members of a close-knit family network. Code Alternation, prototypically seen as the contiguous juxtaposition of semiotic systems in such a way that the participants interpret the juxtaposition as such (Auer 1995, 116), is a common conversational practice in bilingual communities. Taking a Conversation Analytic approach as our point of departure, we analyze code alternation and code-mixing practices in naturally occurring conversations among family members of the bilingual in Greek and Turkish Muslim community of Rhodes. Firstly, we examine Greek/Turkish alternation as a conversational strategy with clear discourse functions (Auer 1995; 1998). Secondly, we see non-prototypical instances of the use of both languages in the same conversation as instances of medium negotiation or a mixed-code choice on the part of the participants (the bilingual medium or the monolectal view of code-switching, Meeuwis and Blommaert 1998; Auer 1998; Gafaranga 2007a). Last, we examine issues of identity as these can be approached based on the choices speakers of different age groups make during interaction. Based on the analysis, it is shown that, a) code alternation practices reflect not only aspects of the politics and management of the identity of the speakers as members of the same ethnic category, but also broader issues concerning the construction of youth identities as opposed to those of older generations, and b) data coming from diverse bilingual communities point to the need for greater clarity in the proposed models for the analysis of code alternation patterns.
Exploring Aktionsart in Corpora: A Case Study of Koine Greek Erchomai and Eiserchomai
Authors: Shain Rachel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPresented here is an analysis of the effect of the Koine Greek preverb eis- on the lexical aspect of the Koine verb erchomai 'go/come'. To determine the effect of eis-, I demonstrate the lexical aspect of the simplex erchomai and its prefixed form eis-erchomai by annotating all instances of both verbs in the Greek New Testament. Methodology for determining the lexical aspect of the two verbs is adapted from methodology used for languages in which native speaker intuitions are accessible. Applying some of these tests to the corpora, I conclude that erchomai is an activity verb and eiserchomai is a telic verb. This result confirms Buist Fanning's (1990) classification of the same verbs, though he used different methodology to come to this conclusion. Additional ways of developing aktionsart tests for corpora are suggested.
Doing without the Fez: Greek Language Questions
Authors: Brown Christopher Gerard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis definitive history of the Greek Language Controversy shows how Greek's status as a prestige language galvanized a national movement attracting various ethnicities of the Millet-i rum. The status of classical Greek resonant in Adamantios Korais's katharévousa helped consolidate the Greek state. An alternate demoticist programme, anticipated by Katartzis, developed in the Ionian Islands, and formulated by Psycharis, took hold through the efforts of the Educational Demoticists. Standard Modern Greek is a synthesis of the two programmes—neither the phonologically puristic Romaika of Psycharis nor an archaizing Schriftsprache, it retains elements of both.