bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Power to Promise Oneself
Authors: Fruh Kyle 
Published: March 2014

AbstractConsiderable attention has been devoted to the peculiar obligating force of interpersonal promises. But paradigmatic promising is not an orphan in the family of our moral concepts, and the focus on interpersonal promises has overshadowed sibling phenomena that any account of promises should also cover. I examine the case of single‐party promises and argue, against the prevailing view, that we have good reason to take the phenomenon of making promises to oneself seriously. This supports what I call ‘the breadth criterion’: theoretical accounts of promising should cover the entire breadth of the phenomenon of promising. I then argue that the breadth criterion poses a novel and formidable obstacle for two prominent views of promising, the social practice view and the expectation view. I conclude by suggesting that there is reason to think that the normative power view of promising may fare better.
Sartre and Ricoeur on Productive Imagination
Authors: Levy Lior 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCommenting on Jean‐Paul Sartre's theory of imagination, Paul Ricoeur argues that Sartre fails to address the productive nature of imaginative acts. According to Ricoeur, Sartre's examples show that he thinks of imagination in mimetic terms, neglecting its innovative and creative dimensions. Imagination, Ricoeur continues, manifests itself most clearly in fiction, wherein new meaning is created. By using fiction as the paradigm of imaginative activity, Ricoeur is able to argue against Sartre that the essence of imagination lies not in its ability to reproduce absent objects, but rather in the ability to transform reality through creative acts. Motivated by the intuition that Sartre the writer could not have forgotten to address such crucial dimensions of imagination, I examine Sartre's philosophical and literary work, showing that not only does he develop a notion of productive imagination, he also puts this notion to work by articulating the relationship between imagination, narrative, and identity formation, well before Ricoeur advanced his narrative‐identity theory. I argue that Sartre, like Ricoeur and MacIntyre, another representative of narrative‐theory whose criticism of Sartre I address in this essay, views imagination and narrativity as necessary conditions for the formation of a coherent and meaningful sense of self.
Moral Imagination, Perception, and Judgment
Authors: Biss Mavis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper develops an account of moral imagination that identifies the ways in which imaginative capacities contribute to our ability to make reason practical in the world, beyond their roles in moral perception and moral judgment. In section 1, I explain my understanding of what it means to qualify imagination as ‘moral,’ and go on in section 2 to identify four main conceptions of moral imagination as an aspect of practical reason in philosophical ethics. I briefly situate these alternative ideas in relation to standard accounts of moral perception and judgment with reference to some guiding examples. In section 3, I argue that the fourth conception of moral imagination, moral imagination understood as the capacity to generate new possibilities for morally good action, is not well accounted for within the standard categories of practical reason. Section 4 clarifies the scope and importance of this capacity and defends its claim to increased theoretical attention.
Allogeneic versus autologous blood transfusion and survival after radical prostatectomy (CME)
Authors: Chalfin Heather J. , Frank Steven M. , Feng Zhaoyong , Trock Bruce J. , Drake Charles G. , Partin Alan W. , Humphreys Elizabeth , Ness Paul M. , Jeong Byong C. , Lee Seung B. , Han Misop 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundPotential adverse effects of blood transfusion (BT) remain controversial, especially for clinical outcomes after curative cancer surgery. Some postulate that immune modulation after allogeneic BT predisposes to recurrence and death, but autologous superiority is not established. This study assessed whether BT is associated with long‐term prostate cancer recurrence and survival with a large single‐institutional radical prostatectomy (RP) database.Study Design and MethodsBetween 1994 and 2012, a total of 11,680 patients had RP with available outcome and transfusion data. A total of 7443 (64%) had complete covariate data. Clinical variables associated with biochemical recurrence‐free survival (BRFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were identified with Cox proportional hazards models for three groups: no BT (reference, 27.7%, n = 2061), autologous BT only (68.8%, n = 5124), and any allogeneic BT (with or without autologous, 3.5%, n = 258).ResultsMedian (range) follow‐up was 6 (1‐18) years. Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed significantly decreased OS (but not BRFS or PCSS) in the allogeneic group versus autologous and no BT groups (p = 0.006). With univariate analysis, any allogeneic BT had a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.29 (range, 1.52‐3.46; p < 0.0001) for OS, whereas autologous BT was not significant (HR, 1.04 [range, 0.82‐1.32], p = 0.752). In multivariable models, neither autologous nor allogeneic BT was independently associated with BRFS, CSS, or OS, and a dose response was not observed for allogeneic units and BRFS.ConclusionAlthough allogeneic but not autologous BT was associated with decreased long‐term OS, after adjustment for confounding clinical variables, BT was not independently associated with OS, BRFS, or CSS regardless of transfusion type. Notably, no association was observed between allogeneic BT and cancer recurrence. Observed differences in OS may reflect confounding.
Dynamic Reorganization of River Basins
Authors: Willett Sean D. , McCoy Scott W. , Perron J. Taylor , Goren Liran , Chen Chia-Yu 
Published: March 2014

Introduction
River networks, the backbone of most landscapes on Earth, collect and transport water, sediment, organic matter, and nutrients from upland mountain regions to the oceans. Dynamic aspects of these networks include channels that shift laterally or expand upstream, ridges that migrate across Earth’s surface, and river capture events whereby flow from one branch of the network is rerouted in a new direction. These processes result in a constantly changing map of the network with implications for mass transport and the geographic connectivity between species or ecosystems. Ultimately, this dynamic system strives to establish equilibrium between tectonic uplift and river erosion. Determining whether or not a river network is in equilibrium, and, if not, what changes are required to bring it to equilibrium, will help us understand the processes underlying landscape evolution and the implications for river ecosystems.

Methods
We developed the use of a proxy, referred to as χ, for steady-state river channel elevation. This proxy is based on the current geometry of the river network and provides a snapshot of the dynamic state of river basins. Geometric equilibrium in planform requires that a network map of χ exhibit equal values across all water divides (the ridges separating river basins). Disequilibrium river networks adjust their drainage area through divide migration (geometric change) or river capture (topologic change) until this condition is met. We constructed a numerical model to demonstrate that this is a fundamental characteristic of a stable river network. We applied this principle to natural landscapes using digital elevation models to calculate χ for three, very different, systems: the Loess Plateau in China, the eastern Central Range of Taiwan, and the southeastern United States.

Results
The Loess Plateau is close to geometric equilibrium, with χ exhibiting nearly equal values across water divides. By contrast, the young and tectonically active Taiwan mountain belt is not in equilibrium, with numerous examples of actively migrating water divides and river network reorganization. The southeastern United States also appears to be far from equilibrium, with the Blue Ridge escarpment migrating to the northwest and the coastal plain rivers reorganizing in response to this change in boundary geometry. Major reorganization events, such as the capture of the headwaters of the Apalachicola River by the Savannah River, are readily identifiable in our maps.

Discussion
Disequilibrium conditions in a river network imply greater variation of weathering, soil production, and erosion rates. Disequilibrium also implies more frequent river capture with implications for exchange of aquatic species and genetic diversification. Transient conditions in river basins are often interpreted in terms of tectonic perturbation, but our results show that river basin reorganization can occur even in tectonically quiescent regions such as the southeastern United States.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Clostridium
sp. Strain Ade.TY, a New Biohydrogen- and Biochemical-Producing Bacterium Isolated from Landfill Leachate Sludge
Authors: Wong Y. M. , Juan J. C. , Ting Adeline , Wu T. Y. , Gan H. M. , Austin C. M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Clostridium
sp. strain Ade.TY is potentially a new biohydrogen-producing species isolated from landfill leachate sludge. Here we present the assembly and annotation of its genome, which may provide further insights into its gene interactions for efficient biohydrogen production.
Draft Genome Sequence of Coprobacter fastidiosus NSB1
T
Authors: Chaplin A. V. , Efimov B. A. , Khokhlova E. V. , Kafarskaia L. I. , Tupikin A. E. , Kabilov M. R. , Shkoporov A. N. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Coprobacter fastidiosus
is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacterium belonging to the phylum
Bacteroidetes
. In this work, we report the draft genome sequence of
C. fastidiosus
strain NSB1
T
isolated from human infant feces.
Complete Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium falsenii DSM 44353 To Study the Evolution of
Corynebacterium
Cluster 3 Species
Authors: Glaub Alina , Bomholt Christina , Gravermann Kerstin , Brinkrolf Karina , Albersmeier Andreas , Rückert Christian , Tauch Andreas 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium falsenii
is a member of the natural microflora of wild and domesticated birds and is rarely detected in human clinical specimens. The chromosomal sequence of the type strain
C. falsenii
DSM 44353 comprises 2,677,607 bp and provides detailed insights into the evolution of
Corynebacterium
species assigned to the highly diverse cluster 3.
Draft Genome Sequence of the
Sulfolobales
Archaeon AZ1, Obtained through Metagenomic Analysis of a Mexican Hot Spring
Authors: Servín-Garcidueñas Luis E. , Martínez-Romero Esperanza 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The
Sulfolobales
archaea have been found inhabiting acidic hot springs all over the world. Here, we report the 1.798-Mbp draft genome sequence of the thermoacidophilic
Sulfolobales
archaeon AZ1, reconstructed from the metagenome of a Mexican hot spring. Sequence-based comparisons revealed that the
Sulfolobales
archaeon AZ1 represents a novel candidate genus.
Draft Genome Sequences of Nine Salmonella enterica Serovar Bovismorbificans Isolates from Various Sources
Authors: Gopinath Gopal , Jean-Gilles Beaubrun Junia , Grim Chris , Hanes Darcy 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

The sequences of nine genomes of
Salmonella enterica
serovar Bovismorbificans were compared to study the diversity and distribution of this emerging virulent serovar. These whole-genome sequences fill some gaps in knowledge of the diversity of the isolates used in this investigation.
Do MRI and ultrasound of the anterior pelvis correlate with, or predict, young football players’ clinical findings? A 4-year prospective study of elite academy soccer players
Authors: Robinson Philip , Grainger Andrew J , Hensor Elizabeth M A , Batt Mark E , O'Connor Philip J 
Published: March 2014

AimsTo prospectively follow a cohort of elite young male professional soccer players with sequential symptom questionnaires and imaging of the anterior pelvis to determine the prevalence and severity of imaging findings.Methods34 male athletes (mean age 16.5 years) underwent clinical examination, history/symptom questionnaire, ultrasound and 1.5 T MRI of the anterior pelvis. Athletes then underwent annual questionnaire and ultrasound with MRI also performed every 18 months. Two experienced radiologists scored ultrasound (consensus) and MRI (independently) for abnormality including pubic bone, capsule and tendon oedema and scores correlated with symptoms and presence or absence of previous injuries.ResultsOver 4 years the participants fell from 34 to 22 in number with no withdrawals due to groin injury. On study entry no athletes had undergone previous hip or pelvic surgery. On MRI pubic bone oedema, secondary cleft, capsule/tendon oedema and enhancement did not differ substantively between players with and without history of previous injury. κ Analysis for MRI scoring showed excellent agreement (0.84–0.96) for pubic bone marrow oedema, secondary cleft, capsule/tendon oedema and enhancement. On ultrasound inguinal wall motion and adductor tendinopathy did not differ substantively between players with and without history of previous injury. Stability of imaging assessments over time showed no consistent difference.ConclusionsPubic bone marrow and parasymphyseal findings (cleft, capsule/tendon oedema) on MRI or inguinal canal ballooning on ultrasound were frequently found in asymptomatic athletes and did not predict injury or symptom development.
Improved patient safety through reduced airway infection rates in a paediatric cystic fibrosis programme after a quality improvement effort to enhance infection prevention and control measures
Authors: Savant Adrienne P , O'Malley Catherine , Bichl Stacy , McColley Susanna A 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo reduce the risk of pathogen transmission between patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and decrease the rate of acquisition of new CF pathogens in our patients.DesignUsing the Model for Improvement, we developed a new process for infection prevention and control in our outpatient CF clinics.SettingPaediatric CF programme at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago; approximately 180 paediatric patients aged birth to 21 years.ParticipantsAll paediatric patients enrolled in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Data Registry at this institution.InterventionsImplemented contact precautions withallpatients, regardless of respiratory tract culture results.MeasurementRespiratory tract culture rates of specific pathogens by quarter were compared prior to and after implementation.ResultsOur percentage of patients with a positive respiratory tract culture forPseudomonas aeruginosadropped from 30% to 21% (p<0.0001) and for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) dropped from 10.8% to 8.7% (p=0.008).ConclusionsUse of contact precautions by all care providers, for all patients, regardless of respiratory tract culture results resulted in decreasedP aeruginosaand MRSA infection rates.
The association between green space and mental health varies across the lifecourse. A longitudinal study
Authors: Astell-Burt Thomas , Mitchell Richard , Hartig Terry 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on green space and health have relied almost exclusively on cross-sectional designs, restricting understanding on how this relationship could vary across the lifecourse.MethodsWe used multilevel linear regression to analyse variation in minor psychiatric morbidity over nine annual waves of the British Household Panel Survey (1996–2004). The sample was restricted to residents of urban areas who remained within their neighbourhoods for at least 12 months. The 12-item General Health Questionnaire and confounders were reported for 29 626 male and 35 781 female observations (person-years). This individual-level dataset was linked to a measure of green space availability within each ward of residence. Regression models included age, gender, employment status, household tenure, marital status, education, smoking status and household income.ResultsWhen not considering age, green space was associated with better mental health among men, but not women. Interaction terms fitted between age and green space revealed variation in the association between green space and mental health across the lifecourse and by gender. For men, the benefit of more green space emerged in early to mid-adulthood. Among older women, a curvilinear association materialised wherein those with a moderate availability of green space had better mental health.ConclusionsThese findings illustrate how the relationship between urban green space and health can vary across the lifecourse, and they highlight the need for longitudinal studies to answer why green space may be better for health at some points in the lifecourse than others.
Treatment of naturally occurring bovine respiratory disease in juvenile calves with a single administration of a florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine formulation
Authors: Thiry J. , González‐Martín J. V. , Elvira L. , Pagot E. , Voisin F. , Lequeux G. , Weingarten A. , de Haas V. 
Published: March 2014

The efficacy and safety of a florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine formulation in the treatment of respiratory disease was evaluated in calves less than six weeks of age, compared with a positive control group treated with a well‐established florfenicol formulation. A total of 210 calves, selected from nine sites in Belgium, France and Spain, showing severe signs of respiratory disease, were randomly assigned to treatment with either florfenicol plus flunixin meglumine (Resflor; MSD Animal Health) or florfenicol (Nuflor; MSD Animal Health), both administered subcutaneously once. Animals were clinically observed daily for 10 days following treatment initiation. The predominant respiratory pathogens were Pasteurella multocida, Mycoplasma bovis, Mannheimia haemolytica and Histophilus somni. All isolates were subject to in vitro sensitivity testing and found susceptible to florfenicol. In both groups, rectal temperature dropped and clinical index (depression and respiratory signs) significantly improved after treatment. Specifically, for the change in rectal temperature from pretreatment to six hours post‐treatment, the florfenicol‐flunixin formulation was found significantly superior to florfenicol. Moreover, the florfenicol‐flunixin formulation alleviated the clinical signs of disease more rapidly, and was demonstrated to be non‐inferior to florfenicol on days 4 and 10. The use of the product combining florfenicol and flunixin in calves is safe and efficacious in the treatment of outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease.
Subsequent Primary Malignancies in Patients with Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in England: A National Record-Linkage Study
Authors: Ong Eugene Liat Hui , Goldacre Raph , Hoang Uy , Sinclair Rodney , Goldacre Michael 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground: Conflicting evidence exists about whether people with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are at higher risk of subsequent primary malignant cancers than those without.Methods: An all England record-linked hospital and mortality dataset spanning from 1999 to 2011 was used. We constructed two cohorts: one that comprised people with a history of NMSC (502,490 people), and a control cohort that comprised people without. We “followed up” these two cohorts electronically to determine observed and expected numbers of people with subsequent primary cancers in each, based on person-years at risk, and calculated standardized risk ratios (RR).Results: Comparing the NMSC cohort with the non-NMSC cohort, the RR for all subsequent malignant cancers combined was 1.36 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–1.37]. Significantly increased RRs (P &lt; 0.05) were found for 26 of the 29 cancer types studied, in particular for salivary gland, melanoma, bone, and upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. The RRs were also particularly high when comparing younger people with and without NMSC.Conclusions: NMSC is strongly associated with a broad spectrum of other primary cancers, particularly in younger age groups. The pattern suggests a genetic or early-acquired etiologic association.Impact: These results represent what can be done using very large, linked, routinely collected administrative datasets; but such datasets lack detail. Further work to establish the mechanisms behind these associations is warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(3); 490–8. ©2014 AACR.
Baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale–Adjusted Time Window for Intravenous Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Muchada Marián , Rubiera Marta , Rodriguez-Luna David , Pagola Jorge , Flores Alan , Kallas Julia , Sanjuan Estela , Meler Pilar , Alvarez-Sabin Jose , Ribo Marc , Molina Carlos A. 
Published: March 2014

Background and Purpose—
The effect of tissue-type plasminogen activator on functional outcome decreases progressively over time. However, given the differential pattern of arterial occlusion, stroke severity, and speed of ischemic lesion growth among candidates for reperfusion, the time window should be adjusted accordingly. We aimed to identify the impact of time-to-treatment according to stroke severity on functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—
We included 581 consecutive patients treated with alteplase according to the European Summary of Product Characteristics criteria. Patients were categorized according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity in mild NIHSS (≤8), moderate NIHSS (9–15), and severe stroke NIHSS (≥16). We sequentially analyzed time-to-treatment to achieve favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2 at 3 months).

Results—
Overall, 19.8% had mild, 30.3% had moderate, and 49.9% had severe stroke. Favorable outcome occurred in 79.1%, 60.8%, and 26.2%, respectively. In patients with mild stroke, younger age (odds ratio [OR], 0.88; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.8–0.95), no previous history of stroke (OR, 0.16; 95% CI [0.039–0.65]), and no proximal occlusion (OR, 0.183; 95% CI [0.038–0.89]) independently predicted favorable outcome. In patients with moderate stroke, age (OR, 0.95; 95% CI [0.92–0.98]), no proximal occlusion (OR, 0.362; 95% CI [0.17–0.75]), and time-to-treatment before 120 minutes (OR, 2.70; 95% CI [1.14–6.38]) emerged as independent predictors of favorable outcome. In patients with severe stroke, younger age (OR, 0.96; 95% CI [0.94–0.99]), lower previous modified Rankin Scale (OR, 0.42; 95% CI [0.21–0.82]), and absence of proximal occlusion (OR, 0.48; 95% CI [0.25–0.94]) appeared as independent predictors.

Conclusions—
The impact of time-to-treatment on favorable outcome varies widely depending on baseline stroke severity. The window for favorable outcome was ≤120 min for moderate strokes. However, time-to-treatment seemed unrelated to functional outcome in mild and severe stroke.