bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A framework for evaluating global policy on sustainability
Authors: Lockard David Winfield 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the global policy on sustainability, United Nations Global Compact (UNGC), is in alignment with the complexity of the sustainability landscape utilizing complex adaptive system (CAS) theory and theory of change.Design/methodology/approach– An original Complex Adaptive Policy System (CAPS) framework is used as a qualitative instrument with a constant comparison of 11 CAS themes in analyzing 117 UNGC speeches listed on the Global Compact Web site.Findings– Although this study is intended as a preliminary study, the findings raise important questions regarding the long-term impact of the Global Compact as a global policy on sustainability.Research limitations/implications– The limitations of the study include the preliminary study design and limited source of information. Future research should include a comprehensive evaluation of the UNGC to yield specific recommendations for aligning policy with the landscape.Originality/value– The study offers an original systems framework to evaluate public and private organizational polices on sustainability.
Integrating tools to remote access facility for improved online experience
Authors: De Sarkar Tanmay 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The paper intends to provide an overall picture how libraries use different tools, integrated to remote access facility and offer improved off-campus services.Design/methodology/approach– Web content analysis was used as research method to collect data from academic libraries in four continents.Findings– The results highlight that libraries use different types of online tools integrated to remote access facility; however, the techniques involved and purposes of use vary from library to library. Citing numerous examples, the paper approaches to draw a comparative figure of differential use of remote access tools across the continents.Originality/value– The paper is the first of its kind and may guide library professionals to plan and implement online tools, integrated with remote access facility and support education, research and training of the parent institution.
Contact dermatitis due to ultrasound gel: A case report and published work review
Authors: Chasset François , Soria Angèle , Moguelet Philippe , Mathian Alexis , Auger Yvain , Francès Camille , Barete Stéphane 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAdverse skin reactions with ultrasound gel are rare and related mostly to allergic contact dermatitis or contact urticaria. We report an allergic contact dermatitis with Doppler ultrasound gel applied in a 67‐year‐old man. The patient developed atypical purpuric cutaneous presentation located on vascular axes. Semi‐open test with ultrasound gel and patch test with phenoxyethanol were followed by the same clinical purpuric eruption which strongly suggested the accountability of this later component as allergen. Based on this observation, we present a review of published work with a focus on clinical features and allergens involved in ultrasound gel cutaneous reaction.
Taxonomic and functional composition of arthropod assemblages across contrasting Amazonian forests
Authors: Lamarre Greg P. A. , Hérault Bruno , Fine Paul V. A. , Vedel Vincent , Lupoli Roland , Mesones Italo , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Arthropods represent most of global biodiversity, with the highest diversity found in tropical rain forests. Nevertheless, we have a very incomplete understanding of how tropical arthropod communities are assembled.

We conducted a comprehensive mass sampling of arthropod communities within three major habitat types of lowland Amazonian rain forest, including terra firme clay, white‐sand and seasonally flooded forests in Peru and French Guiana. We examined how taxonomic and functional composition (at the family level) differed across these habitat types in the two regions.

The overall arthropod community composition exhibited strong turnover among habitats and between regions. In particular, seasonally flooded forest habitats of both regions comprised unique assemblages. Overall, 17·7% (26 of 147) of arthropod families showed significant preferences for a particular habitat type.

We present a first reproducible arthropod functional classification among the 147 taxa based on similarity among 21 functional traits describing feeding source, major mouthparts and microhabitats inhabited by each taxon. We identified seven distinct functional groups whose relative abundance contrasted strongly across the three habitats, with sap and leaf feeders showing higher abundances in terra firme clay forest.

Our novel arthropod functional classification provides an important complement to link these contrasting patterns of composition to differences in forest functioning across geographical and environmental gradients. This study underlines that both environment and biogeographical processes are responsible for driving arthropod taxonomic composition while environmental filtering is the main driver of the variance in functional composition.
Age polyethism drives community structure of the bacterial gut microbiota in the fungus‐cultivating termite Odontotermes formosanus
Authors: Li Hongjie , Dietrich Carsten , Zhu Na , Mikaelyan Aram , Ma Bin , Pi Ruoxi , Liu Yu , Yang Mengyi , Brune Andreas , Mo Jianchu 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFungus‐cultivating termites (Macrotermitinae) possess an elaborate strategy of lignocellulose digestion. It involves a lignocellulose‐degrading fungal symbiont (genus Termitomyces), a diverse gut microbiota and a characteristic labour division in food processing. In this study, using pyrotag sequencing and electron microscopy, we analysed the bacterial microbiota in the hindgut of Odontotermes formosanus and its fungus comb to investigate the spatial organization, establishment and temporal succession of the bacterial communities colonizing specific microhabitats. Our results document strong differences between the communities at the hindgut epithelium and the luminal fluid of newly moulted, young and old worker termites. The differences in community structure were consistent with the density, morphology and spatial distribution of bacterial cells and the pools of microbial metabolites in the hindgut compartment, underlining that both gut development and the age‐specific changes in diet affect the composition and functional role of their gut microbiota. These findings provide strong support for the concept that changes in diet and gut environment are important determinants of community structure because they create new niches for microbial symbionts.
ElevatedNa+andpHinfluence the production and transport of saxitoxin in the cyanobacteriaAnabaena circinalis AWQC131CandCylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3
Authors: Ongley Sarah E. , Pengelly Jasper J. L. , Neilan Brett A. 
Published: September 2015

SummarySaxitoxins (STX), neurotoxic alkaloids, fall under the umbrella of paralytic shellfish toxins produced by marine dinoflagellates and freshwater cyanobacteria. The genes responsible for the production ofSTXhave been proposed, but factors that influence their expression and induce toxin efflux remain unclear. Here we characterize the putativeSTX NorM‐likeMATEtransportersSxtFandSxtM. Complementation of the antibiotic‐sensitive strainEscherichia coli KAM32with these transporters decreased fluoroquinolone sensitivity, indicating that while becoming evolutionary specialized forSTXtransport these transporters retain relaxed specificity typical of this class. The transcriptional response ofSTXbiosynthesis (sxtA) along with that of theSTXtransporters (sxtMandsxtFfromCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiT3, andsxtMfromAnabaena circinalis AWQC131C) were assessed in response to ionic stress. These data, coupled with a measure of toxin intracellular to extracellular ratios, provide an insight into the physiology ofSTXexport.Cylindrospermopsis raciborskiiandAnabaenacircinalisexhibited opposing responses under conditions of ionic stress. HighNa+(10 mM) induced moderate alterations of transcription andSTXlocalization, whereas highpH(pH9) stimulated the greatest physiological response. Saxitoxin production and cellular localization are responsive to ionic strength, indicating a role of this molecule in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.
Fatal Case of Hydrophilic Polymer Emboli
Authors: Rapkiewicz Amy , Hood Brian , Hutchins Kenneth 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHydrophilic polymers are used to coat catheters and other intravascular devices. In general, these polymers have many salutary properties; however, in some instances, fragmentation of hydrophilic polymers coating intravascular devices can occur with fatal consequences. This report details the histopathologic changes in the lung seen following polymer fragmentation and embolization from a central venous catheter. Polymer emboli detected microscopically are intravascular and consist of basophilic, lamellated, and nonrefractile elements. Typically, an inflammatory response is present to a variable degree. Embolization can result in severe tissue injury with ischemia and infarction.
Public health in Australasian emergency departments: Attitudes, barriers and current practices
Authors: Egerton‐Warburton Diana , Gosbell Andrew , Moore Katie , Jelinek George A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the attitudes of consultant emergency medicine physicians and advanced trainees and the perceived barriers to public health interventions in Australasian EDs.MethodsThis was a voluntary cross‐sectional, mixed‐methods online survey of consultant emergency physicians and advanced trainees of the ACEM, conducted between December 2011 and March 2012.ResultsEight hundred and fifty‐six ACEM members responded to the survey – a response rate of 33%. A similar number of consultants (70%) and trainees (75%) believed public health initiatives should be provided in the ED. Barriers identified by a similar majority of consultants and trainees to the implementation of public health interventions in EDs included dedicated time available for staff to be involved; available public health resources; available funding; clinical staff skills and expertise in public health; and the availability of staff training.ConclusionsPublic health and health promotion are perceived by the majority of emergency medicine physicians as important in emergency medicine; however, substantial barriers exists to their implementation. Development of an evidence‐based approach to public health interventions, which are effective and feasible in the ED environment, will facilitate a more comprehensive approach to public health initiatives in emergency medicine.
A novel bacteriophage cocktail reduces and disperses Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms under static and flow conditions
Authors: Alves Diana R. , Perez‐Esteban P. , Kot W. , Bean J.E. , Arnot T. , Hansen L.H. , Enright Mark C. , Jenkins A. Tobias A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that forms highly stable communities – biofilms, which contribute to the establishment and maintenance of infections. The biofilm state and intrinsic/acquired bacterial resistance mechanisms contribute to resistance/tolerance to antibiotics that is frequently observed in P. aeruginosa isolates. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of six novel lytic bacteriophages: viruses that infect bacteria, which together efficiently infect and kill a wide range of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The phages were used to formulate a cocktail with the potential to eliminate P. aeruginosa PAO1 planktonic cultures. Two biofilm models were studied, one static and one dynamic, and the phage cocktail was assessed for its ability to reduce and disperse the biofilm biomass. For the static model, after 4 h of contact with the phage suspension (MOI 10) more than 95% of biofilm biomass was eliminated. In the flow biofilm model, a slower rate of activity by the phage was observed, but 48 h after addition of the phage cocktail the biofilm was dispersed, with most cells eliminated (> 4 logs) comparing with the control. This cocktail has the potential for development as a therapeutic to control P. aeruginosa infections, which are predominantly biofilm centred.
High‐fidelity of non‐small cell lung cancer xenograft models derived from bronchoscopy‐guided biopsies
Authors: Fu Shuai , Zhao Jun , Bai Hua , Duan Jianchun , Wang Zhijie , An Tongtong , Wang Jie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundAt present, there are two main types of lung cancer xenograft models: those derived from stable cell lines, and patient‐derived xenograft models established by surgically resected tissues. However, these animal models may not reflect the biological and genetic characteristics of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We utilized bronchoscopy‐guided biopsy tissues of NSCLC patients to establish xenograft models and analyzed their histopathologic and genotypic fidelity with parental tumors.MethodsTumor tissues of NSCLC patients taken via bronchoscope were subcutaneously implanted into mice with non‐obese diabetic‐severe combined immunodeficiency disease for model establishment and serial passage. The histopathology and genotype of the samples from bronchoscopy‐guided biopsy‐derived xenograft (BDX) models and their parental tumors were detected.ResultsThirty BDXs out of 114 NSCLC patients (26.32%) were successfully established. Smoking status significantly affected the success rate of NSCLC BDX establishment (P = 0.010). The BDX establishment success rate in squamous cell cancer was higher than in adenocarcinoma, with no significant difference (32.00% vs. 16.21%, P = 0.112). However, the growth rate of passage 1 BDX was slower than that of passages 2 and 3. Almost all NSCLC BDXs maintained similarity to their parental tumor tissues in regard to histologic characteristics, pathological markers, and driver‐gene mutations. Only one BDX model lost the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation contained in tumor parental tissue, as a result of heterogeneity.ConclusionsNSCLC BDXs maintained high fidelity of histopathology and genotype with their original tumors. NSCLC BDXs that possess the actual status of advanced lung carcinoma should be used in preclinical research.
Comparison of 19‐gauge eXcelon and WANG MW‐319 transbronchial aspiration needles
Authors: Hsu Li‐Han , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Ko Jen‐Sheng , Feng An‐Chen , Chu Nei‐Min 
Published: September 2015

AbstractConventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) using 19‐gauge needles can obtain larger histological specimens for hilar‐mediastinal diagnosis. A new 19‐gauge eXcelon needle was introduced in Taiwan in July 2012. We prospectively enrolled patients with hilar‐mediastinal lesions and pathology results of suspected benign origin or lymphoproliferative processes, to perform TBNA using a 19‐gauge eXcelon needle, between July 2012 and December 2012. The results were compared with historical control of TBNA using a WANG MW‐319 needle between January 2011 and June 2012. The procedure was performed by the same pulmonologist, and rapid on‐site cytologic evaluation was used. The 19‐gauge eXcelon needle was used in nine patients with 15 lymph nodes aspirated, with a mean diameter of 23.3 ± 10.7 mm. The mean number of needle passes was 2.7 ± 1.4, with a diagnostic accuracy of 77.8%. The MW‐319 needle was used in 12 patients with 18 lymph nodes aspirated, with a mean diameter of 21.3 ± 5.7 mm. The mean number of needle passes was 2.2 ± 0.4, with a diagnostic accuracy of 75.0%. Neither technical nor major clinical complications were noted in either group. We concluded that the 19‐gauge eXcelon needle was as safe and effective as the MW‐319 needle. A more adequate specimen could be obtained and fewer needle passes were required with the MW‐319 needle, although the difference did not reach significance.
Asphyxia causes ultrasonographic D‐shaping of the left ventricle – an experimental porcine study
Authors: Sørensen A. H. , Wemmelund K. B. , Møller‐Helgestad O. K. , Sloth E. , Juhl‐Olsen P. 
Published: September 2015

IntroductionIn critical care, early diagnosis and correct treatment are of the utmost importance. Focused ultrasonography has gained acceptance as a pivotal tool for this by elucidating the underlying pathology. For example, massive pulmonary embolism is characterised by right ventricular dilatation. However, theoretically these characteristics might also be generated by asphyxia and the consequent hypoxia. We aimed to evaluate the ultrasonographic characteristics of asphyxia in a porcine model.MethodsNineteen (13 intervention, 6 control) piglets were subjected to asphyxia until cardiac arrest, by disconnecting the ventilator tube. Ultrasonographic short‐axis cine loops of the left ventricle were obtained every 30 seconds. The left ventricular (LV) eccentricity index (index of LV D‐shaping) was quantified along with LV end‐diastolic/end‐systolic areas. Invasive pressures were measured throughout.ResultsThe LV eccentricity index increased from 1.14 (1.10–1.31) to 1.86 (1.48–2.38), (P = 0.002), after 1.5 min, receded thereafter to baseline levels followed by a second increase after 5.5 min. LV end‐diastolic area decreased from 11.6 cm2 (11.1–13.2) to 6.3 cm2 (3.3 –11.0) after 2.0 min (P = 0.009). Subsequently, values returned to the baseline level.DiscussionThe early and transient acute dilatation of the RV, coinciding with D‐shaping of the LV and decrease in LV end‐diastolic area seen in our study represent a combination of ultrasonographic characteristics normally attributed to pulmonary embolism. Early changes in ventricular chamber sizes and shape with septal flattening related to asphyxia can occur, but appear to be transient and disappear as circulatory collapse progresses, in an animal model. Despite this, asphyxia may represent a cause of ultrasonographic misinterpretation.
Clinical use of progesterone in infertility and assisted reproduction
Authors: Ciampaglia Walter , Cognigni Graciela E 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionProgesterone is essential in establishing and maintaining early pregnancy. This article discusses the clinical applications of progesterone in reproductive medicine and in the management of infertile patients, focusing on the different available formulations of this drug.Material and methodsThe literature of the last 20 years was reviewed and the most rilevant studies were critically analyzed. Conclusions. Intramuscular or vaginal progesterone administration is critical to support the luteal phase following in‐vitro fertilization and is widely employed in intrauterine insemination cycles as well. Furthermore, this hormone is usually administered in many disorders of the first trimester of pregnancy, including threatened abortion and recurrent miscarriage, but the evidence supporting its clinical efficiency is inconsistent.
Prevalence of aggression in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia in China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Jian‐Song , Zhong Bao‐Liang , Xiang Yu‐Tao , Chen Qiongni , Cao Xiao‐Lan , Correll Christoph U. , Ungvari Gabor S. , Chiu Helen F.K. , Lai Kelly Y.C. , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionAggression is a major concern in psychiatric inpatient care. Variations in study designs, settings, populations and data collection methods render comparisons of the prevalence of aggressive behavior in high‐risk settings difficult. We proposed to estimate the pooled prevalence of aggression among inpatients with schizophrenia in China.MethodsReports on aggressive behaviour involving physical contact or risks of interpersonal violence, in schizophrenia in Chinese general psychiatric wards were retrieved by using computer‐assisted searches and manual searches of the reference lists of the relevant literature. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis V2 software. Potential sources of heterogeneity were analyzed with Cochrane's Q analysis.ResultsThe search yielded 19 eligible studies involving a total of 3,941 schizophrenia patients. The prevalence of aggressive behavior in psychiatric wards ranged between 15.3% and 53.2%. The pooled prevalence of aggression was 35.4% (95% CI: 29.7%, 41.4%). The most commonly reported significant risk factors for aggression were positive psychotic symptoms: hostility or suspiciousness, 78.9% (15 studies); delusions, 63.2% (12 studies); disorganized behavior, 26.3% (5 studies); and auditory hallucinations, 10.5% (2 studies); together with: past history of aggression, 42.1% (8 studies); and involuntary admission, 10.5% (2 studies).ConclusionsAggressive behaviour is common in Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia. The prevalence figures indicate the need to identify reliable clinical and illness predictors for aggression in inpatient psychiatric wards and to test investigations aimed at reducing aggressive episodes and their adverse outcomes.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Healthy Men Treated with St. John's Wort
Authors: Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Damkier Per , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard , Nielsen Lene Buch‐Krogh , Højlund Kurt , Brøsen Kim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine whether the over‐the‐counter herbal medicinal plant St. John's wort affects glucose tolerance in healthy men. To do this, we included 10 healthy men who were examined by a 2‐hr oral glucose tolerance test on three occasions: A: baseline; B: after 21 days of treatment with St. John's wort; and C: at least 6 weeks after the last capsule of St. John's wort was ingested. Plasma glucose, serum insulin and C‐peptide levels were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test and used for estimation of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) as well as indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. We found that treatment with St. John's wort increased total and incremental glucose AUC and 2‐hr plasma glucose levels. Surprisingly, this effect was sustained and even further increased 6 weeks after the last capsule of St. John's wort was taken. No effect on indices of insulin sensitivity was seen, but indices of insulin secretion were reduced even after adjustment for insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, this study indicates that long‐term treatment with St. John's wort may impair glucose tolerance by reducing insulin secretion in young, healthy men. The unregulated use of this over‐the‐counter drug might be a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes.
Antitumour Activity of the Microencapsulation of Annona vepretorum Essential Oil
Authors: Bomfim Larissa M. , Menezes Leociley R. A. , Rodrigues Ana Carolina B. C. , Dias Rosane B. , Gurgel Rocha Clarissa A. , Soares Milena B. P. , Neto Albertino F. S. , Nascimento Magaly P. , Campos Adriana F. , Silva Lidércia C. R. C. e. , Costa Emmanoel V. , Bezerra Daniel P. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAnnona vepretorum Mart. (Annonaceae), popularly known as ‘bruteira’, has nutritional and medicinal uses. This study investigated the chemical composition and antitumour potential of the essential oil of A. vepretorum leaf alone and complexed with β‐cyclodextrin in a microencapsulation. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger‐type apparatus and analysed using GC‐MS and GC‐FID. In vitro cytotoxicity of the essential oil and some of its major constituents in tumour cell lines from different histotypes was evaluated using the alamar blue assay. Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy of essential oil was demonstrated in mice inoculated with B16‐F10 mouse melanoma. The essential oil included bicyclogermacrene (35.71%), spathulenol (18.89%), (E)‐β‐ocimene (12.46%), α‐phellandrene (8.08%), o‐cymene (6.24%), germacrene D (3.27%) and α‐pinene (2.18%) as major constituents. The essential oil and spathulenol exhibited promising cytotoxicity. In vivo tumour growth was inhibited by the treatment with the essential oil (inhibition of 34.46%). Importantly, microencapsulation of the essential oil increased in vivo tumour growth inhibition (inhibition of 62.66%).