bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyhairesis: On Postmodern and Chinese Folds
Authors: Crockett Clayton 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis response to Polydoxy explores some of the resonances of “heretical choice,” or polyhairesis. I engage explicitly with two of the essays from the 2011 volume, Colleen Hartung's “Faith and Polydoxy in the Whirlwind” and Hyo‐dong Lee's on the Neo‐Confucian Great Ultimate. I read Hartung's suggestion of a theology that would not be predicated on God into Chinese thought, where instead of Lee's Neo‐Confucianism, I offer a more Daoist interpretation of Hartung's faith. Hartung's mantra, “no news is good news,” taken from her mother, resonates with the idea that the dao that can be named is not the true dao.
The Logic of Origin and the Paradoxes of Language: A Theological Experiment
Authors: Tonstad Linn Marie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPolydoxy allows for the development of experiments that make use of absurdity and mimesis as forms of theological reflection. This article performs such an experiment on some examples of the invocation of divine fatherhood in contemporary trinitarian theology. It is common to claim that God is Father in a way that either transcends any other form of fatherhood, or is only properly Father in the trinity and so in relation to the Son, not in relation to any human patriarchy. By reading first divine fatherhood, then trinitarian forms of kinship, in registers that move from the straightforward into the absurd, I show that such claims do not tend to loosen the bonds between divine and human fatherhood; rather, they tighten those bonds in unexpected ways. In conclusion, the implications of the experiment for the relation between queer and feminist reading practices and systematic theology are explored.
Writing‐Terrors: A Dialectical Lyric
Authors: Jordan Mark D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWriters of theology do not need handbooks of method so much as examples of how to praise God without praising the human powers that claim divine authority for inflicting their terrors. The essay by Mayra Rivera in Polydoxy provides such an example when it joins the precepts of “decolonial” thinking to the lure of embodied narrative. Her example can be doubled by turning to Foucault's practice of the writing of bodies, powers, and divinities.
“There is Hope for a Tree”: Lament and Hope in Conversation with Polydoxy
Authors: Farley Wendy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPolydoxy contributes to a much needed reform of theology by exposing the “logic of the One” as a corruption of Christian thought, by its recovery of the importance of apophatic theology, and by its deployment of multiplicity both to celebrate human diversity and as a “name” of divinity. This article extends these themes by considering them as spiritual and not only intellectual practices that can assist us in our responses to the contemporary situation. The article is framed by attention to the environmental crisis that requires and relativizes theological resources as we find ways to act in the world.
Intraoperative apnea in children after buffered 5% povidone‐iodine site sterilization for strabismus surgery
Authors: Emhardt John D. , Haider Kathryn M. , Plager David A. , Grundhoefer Dava L. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundPresurgical preparation for ocular surgery typically utilizes a buffered 5% povidone‐iodine preparation solution. It was our observation that a significant number of spontaneously ventilating patients under sevoflurane anesthesia would become apneic upon ophthalmic instillation of this solution. This study was performed to confirm or refute this observation and to determine whether there were any patient variables that might predict this phenomenon.MethodsAfter Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, thirty pediatric patients scheduled for strabismus surgery were enrolled. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with sevoflurane via laryngeal mask airway, and all patients were breathing spontaneously. All patients received preoperative sedation with oral midazolam (0.5 kg·kg−1, maximum 12 mg). Presurgical preparation was performed with saline wash followed by instillation of buffered 5% povidone‐iodine solution. Respiratory rate was recorded at the time of surgical preparation. Apnea was defined as lack of respiratory effort for 20 s or greater.ResultsData from twenty‐eight children (ages 1.4–11 years) were ultimately recorded. Fifteen of the twenty‐eight patients developed apnea (median duration 40, IQR 37, range 20–262 s) at the time of surgical site preparation.ConclusionsApnea at the time of ocular preparation with buffered 5% povidone‐iodine solution is common. The precise mechanism of this response is unknown.
Personality in remitted major depressive disorder with single and recurrent episodes assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory
Authors: Teraishi Toshiya , Hori Hiroaki , Sasayama Daimei , Matsuo Junko , Ogawa Shintaro , Ishida Ikki , Nagashima Anna , Kinoshita Yukiko , Ota Miho , Hattori Kotaro , Higuchi Teruhiko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

AimPrevious studies consistently reported increased harm avoidance (HA) assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, such findings may have been related with depression severity and number of depressive episodes. The aims of the present study were twofold: to examine TCI personality profile in remitted MDD (DSM‐IV) patients and to compare TCI personality between MDD patients with single episode (SGL‐MDD) and those with recurrent episodes (REC‐MDD) in order to elucidate personality profile associated with recurrence.MethodsTCI was administered to 86 outpatients with remitted SGL‐MDD (12 male and 17 female patients; mean age 43.2 ± 12.1 years) and REC‐MDD (26 male and 31 female patients; 40.3 ± 11.6 years), and 529 healthy controls (225 men and 304 women; 43.4 ± 15.5 years), matched for age, sex and education years. Logistic regression analyses were performed in which single/recurrent episodes of depression were the dependent variable and age, sex, age of onset, family history of psychiatric disease and TCI scores were entered as possible predictors.ResultsThe remitted MDD patients had significantly higher scores on HA (P < 0.001) and lower scores on self‐directedness (P < 0.001), compared with the controls. HA (P = 0.03), its subscore, fatigability (P = 0.03), and family history of psychiatric disease were found to be positive predictors for recurrence.ConclusionThere are differences in personality profile between remitted MDD patients and controls, and between remitted REC‐MDD and SGL‐MDD patients, suggesting that they are trait markers. HA and fatigability might be useful to assess risk for recurrence of depression.
Experiences of Municipal Public Health Nurses Following Japan's Earthquake, Tsunami, and Nuclear Disaster
Authors: Kayama Mami , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Ohashi Akiko , Horikoshi Naoko , Kido Yoshifumi , Murakata Tazuko , Kawakami Norito 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of municipal public health nurses in the wake of the March 2011 massive earthquake and tsunami and resulting nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan, from the time of the disaster until December 2013.Design and SampleThirty‐two public health nurses working in three cities in Fukushima prefecture were divided into four focus groups and took part in interviews, which were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method.ResultsTwo major themes were extracted: (1) experiences of difficulties and dilemmas, and (2) professional challenges and the meaning of excellence as a public health nurse. Subjects recounted their experiences based on the timeline of events. The process of overcoming various dilemmas—between prescribed roles and actual needs on the ground, being both civil servants and private citizens with families, and having to be publicly accountable while lacking adequate information—caused participants to reexamine the meaning of excellence in the practice of public health.ConclusionThe strenuous and complex demands of extended disaster management caused subjects to grow professionally. Helping them process their emotions should also help these nurses give focus to their posttraumatic growth, and strengthen their sense of professionalism.
Sun protection Provided by Regulation School Uniforms in Australian Schools: An Opportunity to Improve Personal Sun protection During Childhood
Authors: Turner Denise , Harrison Simone L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChildhood sun exposure is linked to excessive pigmented mole development and melanoma risk. Clothing provides a physical barrier, protecting skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Extending sleeves to elbow length and shorts to knee length has been shown to significantly reduce mole acquisition in preschoolers from tropical Queensland. We used publicly available uniform images and guidelines from primary schools in Townsville (latitude 19.25°S, n = 43 schools), Cairns (16.87°S, n = 46) and the Atherton Tablelands (17.26°S, n = 23) in tropical Australia to objectively determine the body surface proportion covered by regulation school uniforms. Uniforms of nongovernment, large (≥800 students), urban, educationally advantaged schools with comprehensive sun protection policies covered more skin than those of government schools (63.2% vs 62.0%; P < 0.001), smaller schools (63.4% vs 62.3%; P = 0.009), rural (62.7% vs 61.9%; P = 0.002) and educationally disadvantaged schools (62.8% vs 62.3%; P < 0.001) with underdeveloped sun protection policies (62.8% vs 62.2%; P = 0.002). Overall, SunSmart and non‐SunSmart school uniforms covered identical body surface proportions (62.4%, P = 0.084). Although wearing regulation school uniforms is mandatory at most Australian primary schools, this opportunity to improve children's sun protection is largely overlooked. Recent evidence suggests that even encouraging minor alterations to school uniforms (e.g. slightly longer sleeves/dresses/skirts/shorts) to increase skin coverage may reduce mole acquisition and melanoma risk, especially in high‐risk populations.
The Political Economy of Institutional Landownership: Neorentier Society and the Financialization of Land
Authors: Gunnoe Andrew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn recent decades a substantial shift in landownership has taken place in ruralAmerica as millions of acres of land have come under the ownership and control of various financial institutions. This article outlines a political economic framework for explaining and interpreting the significance of this proliferation of institutional investments into rural lands. Focusing on two of the nation's most important rural land resources—timberland and farmland—I suggest that we are witnessing an unprecedented integration between finance capital and landownership that harkens back to previous eras of rentier control. I further suggest that this increasing tendency to treat land as a financial asset—what I refer to as the “financialization of landownership”—gives rise to a number of contradictions that may have profound effects on rural communities across theUnitedStates. I conclude with a discussion of a land bubble and the role of institutional landowners in pushing up land prices in both timberland and farmland markets.
Diagenetic evolution of Aptian evaporites in the Namibe Basin (south‐west Angola)
Authors: Gindre‐Chanu Laurent , Warren John K. , Puigdefabregas Cai , Sharp Ian R. , Peacock David C. P. , Swart Roger , Poulsen Ragnar , Ferreira Hercinda , Henrique Lourenco 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe widespread and dissected nature of the Angolan gypsiferous salt residuals offers a uniquely detailed view of the lateral and vertical relations inherent to secondary evaporite textures, which typify exhumed salt masses worldwide. Such secondary textures are sometimes misinterpreted as primary evaporite textures. Thin, metre‐scale and patchy, dome‐like gypsum accumulations are well‐exposed within strongly incised present‐day river valleys along the eastern margin of the Namibe and Benguela basins (south‐west Angola). These sections are time equivalent to the main basinward subsurface evaporites (Aptian Loeme Formation) which mostly consist of halite. The gypsum (here called the Bambata Formation) is interpreted to represent the final residual product of fractional dissolution and recrystallization of the halite mass that occurred during Late Cretaceous margin uplift and continues today. This halite underwent multiple episodes of diagenetic alteration between its deposition and its final exhumation, leading to the formation of various secondary gypsum fabrics and solution‐related karst and breccia textures that typify the current evaporite outcrop. Four different diagenetic gypsum fabrics are defined: thinly bedded alabastrine, nodular alabastrine, displacive selenite rosettes and fibrous satin‐spar gypsum. Current arid conditions are responsible for a thin weathered crust developed at the top of the outcropping gypsum, but the fabrics in the main core of the current at‐surface evaporite unit mostly formed during the telogenetic stage of uplift prior to complete subaerial exposure. Alteration occurred as various dissolving and rehydrating saline minerals encountered shallow aquifers in the active phreatic and vadose zones. Geomorphological and petrographic analyses, mostly based on the cross‐cutting relations and crystallographic patterns in the outcrop, are used to propose a sequence of formation of these different fabrics.
Incorporation of catch crop residues does not increase phosphorus leaching: a soil column experiment in unsaturated conditions
Authors: Vanden Nest T. , Vandecasteele B. , Ruysschaert G. , Merckx R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSome studies suggest that incorporation of catch crop residues leads to increased availability of P to plants. However, little information is available on how this affects P leaching in soils with a high P load. We tested the effect of catch‐crop residue incorporation at the end of winter on the P leaching potential in a soil column experiment under unsaturated conditions using a typical sandy loam soil of NW Europe characterized by a high P load. We sampled the catch crops white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), black oats (Avena strigosa L.) and a perennial ryegrass‐white clover mix (Lolium perenne L.‐Trifolium repens L.) from a field trial on catch crops and soil from the plots where they were grown. Plant biomass was incorporated taking account of the differences in conditions of the plant material at the end of winter and the biomass yield of each catch crop. Incorporation of catch‐crop residues decreased P leaching compared to the fallow treatment probably through immobilization of soil P during catch crop residue decomposition. The exception was black oats, where the leaching of P was the same as for fallow soil. We observed clear differences in C/N, C/P, water soluble and total P concentration, and biodegradability between the tested catch crops, which seemed to affect the P leaching. We conclude that the incorporation of catch crop residues under typical soil and weather conditions and agricultural practices of NW Europe does not increase the potential P leaching losses.
Characterization of acid and non‐acid glycosphingolipids of porcine heart valve cusps as potential immune targets in biological heart valve grafts
Authors: Barone Angela , Benktander John , Teneberg Susann , Breimer Michael E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough xenotransplantation of vascularized organs/cells has not yet reached the clinic, glutaraldehyde‐treated bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV), derived from porcine or bovine tissues, are today used for clinical replacement of diseased heart valves. However, the durability of these valve cusps is limited partly due to the onset of immune responses to the grafts. The xenoantigen‐determinant Galα3Gal‐ and corresponding anti‐Gal antibodies have been postulated to in part contribute to BHV damage. However, the presence of other non‐Gal carbohydrate antigen determinants as well as the immune response to these non‐Gal antigens and the inflammatory response generated by their interaction with the immune system has not been studied. In this study, we have isolated and structurally characterized both non‐acid and acid glycosphingolipids from naïve porcine aortic and pulmonary valve cusps.MethodsTotal non‐acid and acid glycosphingolipids were isolated from porcine aortic and pulmonalis valve cusps of 20 animals. Glycosphingolipid components were structurally characterized by thin‐layer chromatography, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and binding of monoclonal antibodies and lectins.ResultsThe non‐acid glycosphingolipids were characterized as globotetraosylceramide, H‐type 2 pentaosylceramide, fucosyl‐gangliotetraosylceramide, and Galα3neolactotetraosylceramide. The acid glycosphingolipid fractions had both sulfatide and gangliosides (GM3, GM2, GM1, fucosyl‐GM1, GD3 and GD1a), and all gangliosides contained N‐acetyl‐neuraminic acid. Significantly, the N‐glycolyl‐neuraminic acid (NeuGc) variant, a major component in many pig organs and to which humans can develop antibodies, was not detected among the gangliosides.ConclusionsPig valve cusps contain several complex lipid‐bound carbohydrate structures that may be targets for the human immune system. Notable, the NeuGc determinant was absent in the cusp gangliosides. This work forms a platform for further characterizing the antibody reactivity of patients with porcine‐derived BHV.
The Female Urinary Microbiome: a Comparison of Women with and without Urgency Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Pearce Meghan M. , Hilt Evann E. , Rosenfeld Amy B. , Zilliox Michael J. , Thomas-White Krystal , Fok Cynthia , Kliethermes Stephanie , Schreckenberger Paul C. , Brubaker Linda , Gai Xiaowu , Wolfe Alan J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Bacterial DNA and live bacteria have been detected in human urine in the absence of clinical infection, challenging the prevailing dogma that urine is normally sterile. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a poorly understood urinary condition characterized by symptoms that overlap urinary infection, including urinary urgency and increased frequency with urinary incontinence. The recent discovery of the urinary microbiome warrants investigation into whether bacteria contribute to UUI. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to classify bacterial DNA and expanded quantitative urine culture (EQUC) techniques to isolate live bacteria in urine collected by using a transurethral catheter from women with UUI and, in comparison, a cohort without UUI. For these cohorts, we demonstrated that the UUI and non-UUI urinary microbiomes differ by group based on both sequence and culture evidences. Compared to the non-UUI microbiome, sequencing experiments revealed that the UUI microbiome was composed of increased
Gardnerella
and decreased
Lactobacillus
. Nine genera (
Actinobaculum
,
Actinomyces
,
Aerococcus
,
Arthrobacter
,
Corynebacterium
,
Gardnerella
,
Oligella
,
Staphylococcus
, and
Streptococcus
) were more frequently cultured from the UUI cohort. Although
Lactobacillus
was isolated from both cohorts, distinctions existed at the species level, with
Lactobacillus gasseri
detected more frequently in the UUI cohort and
Lactobacillus crispatus
most frequently detected in controls. Combined, these data suggest that potentially important differences exist in the urinary microbiomes of women with and without UUI, which have strong implications in prevention, diagnosis, or treatment of UUI.

IMPORTANCE
New evidence indicates that the human urinary tract contains microbial communities; however, the role of these communities in urinary health remains to be elucidated. Urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) is a highly prevalent yet poorly understood urinary condition characterized by urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence. Given the significant overlap of UUI symptoms with those of urinary tract infections, it is possible that UUI may have a microbial component. We compared the urinary microbiomes of women affected by UUI to those of a comparison group without UUI, using both high-throughput sequencing and extended culture techniques. We identified statistically significant differences in the frequency and abundance of bacteria present. These differences suggest a potential role for the urinary microbiome in female urinary health.
Promiscuous and Adaptable Enzymes Fill “Holes” in the Tetrahydrofolate Pathway in
Chlamydia
Species
Authors: Adams Nancy E. , Thiaville Jennifer J. , Proestos James , Juárez-Vázquez Ana L. , McCoy Andrea J. , Barona-Gómez Francisco , Iwata-Reuyl Dirk , de Crécy-Lagard Valérie , Maurelli Anthony T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

Folates are tripartite molecules comprising pterin,
para
-aminobenzoate (PABA), and glutamate moieties, which are essential cofactors involved in DNA and amino acid synthesis. The obligately intracellular
Chlamydia
species have lost several biosynthetic pathways for essential nutrients which they can obtain from their host but have retained the capacity to synthesize folate. In most bacteria, synthesis of the pterin moiety of folate requires the FolEQBK enzymes, while synthesis of the PABA moiety is carried out by the PabABC enzymes. Bioinformatic analyses reveal that while members of
Chlamydia
are missing the genes for FolE (GTP cyclohydrolase) and FolQ, which catalyze the initial steps in
de novo
synthesis of the pterin moiety, they have genes for the rest of the pterin pathway. We screened a chlamydial genomic library in deletion mutants of
Escherichia coli
to identify the “missing genes” and identified a novel enzyme, TrpF
CtL2
, which has broad substrate specificity. TrpF
CtL2
, in combination with GTP cyclohydrolase II (RibA), the first enzyme of riboflavin synthesis, provides a bypass of the first two canonical steps in folate synthesis catalyzed by FolE and FolQ. Notably, TrpF
CtL2
retains the phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase activity of the original annotation. Additionally, we independently confirmed the recent discovery of a novel enzyme, CT610, which uses an unknown precursor to synthesize PABA and complements
E. coli
mutants with deletions of
pabA
,
pabB
, or
pabC
. Thus,
Chlamydia
species have evolved a variant folate synthesis pathway that employs a patchwork of promiscuous and adaptable enzymes recruited from other biosynthetic pathways.

IMPORTANCE
Collectively, the involvement of TrpF
CtL2
and CT610 in the tetrahydrofolate pathway completes our understanding of folate biosynthesis in
Chlamydia
. Moreover, the novel roles for TrpF
CtL2
and CT610 in the tetrahydrofolate pathway are sophisticated examples of how enzyme evolution plays a vital role in the adaptation of obligately intracellular organisms to host-specific niches. Enzymes like TrpF
CtL2
which possess an enzyme fold common to many other enzymes are highly versatile and possess the capacity to evolve to catalyze related reactions in two different metabolic pathways. The continued identification of unique enzymes such as these in bacterial pathogens is important for development of antimicrobial compounds, as drugs that inhibit such enzymes would likely not have any targets in the host or the host’s normal microbial flora.