bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Colonization of disturbed Scots pine trees by bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles
Authors: Foit Jiří , Čermák Václav 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

In a single stand, the colonization of 128 girdled Scots pine trees (Pinus sylvestris L.) by bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles was examined during two vegetation periods after treatment. The trees were girdled on four different dates in April, July, October and January.
The time elapsed from girdling to the first attack of bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles was 1–19 months (mean = 10.7) and differed significantly among trees girdled on different dates.
The part of the tree and the date and wave (rank) of colonization were the most significant factors that explained a considerable portion of the variability in the occurrence of bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles.
The species composition changed dramatically from the tree base to its top and branches. The colonization of trees was initiated most frequently in the upper thin‐barked part of the trunk and in thick branches.
In total, 32 species of bark‐ and wood‐boring beetles colonized the studied trees. Particular species were significantly associated with certain periods of tree dieback and colonization (colonization waves). Phaenops cyanea (F.) and Pissodes piniphilus (Hbst.) were by far the most aggressive first‐colonizing species. Pityogenes chalcographus (L.), Ips acuminatus (Gyll.) and Tomicus minor (Htg.) were shown to be moderate‐aggressive species, followed by Tomicus piniperda (L.), Monochamus galloprovincialis (Germ.) and Pissodes pini (L.). The remaining species were designated as not harmful and saprophagous.
Identification of species‐specific novel transcripts in pig reproductive tissues using RNA‐seq
Authors: Du Z.‐Q. , Eisley C. J. , Onteru S. K. , Madsen O. , Groenen M. A. M. , Ross J. W. , Rothschild M. F. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAlthough structural properties of the porcine reproductive system are shared by many placental mammals, some combination of these properties is unique to pigs. To explore whether genomic elements specific to pigs could potentially underlie this uniqueness, we made the first step to identify novel transcripts in two representative pig reproductive tissues by the technique of massively parallel sequencing. To automate the whole process, we built a computational pipeline, which can also be easily extended for similar studies in other species. In total, 5516 and 9061 novel transcripts were found, and 159 and 252 novel transcripts appear to be specific to pigs for the placenta and testis respectively. Furthermore, these novel transcripts were found to be enriched in quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions for reproduction traits in pigs. We validated eight of these novel transcripts by quantitative real‐time PCR. With respect to their genomic organization and their functional relationship to reproduction, these transcripts need to be further validated and explored in various pig breeds to better comprehend the relevant aspects of pig physiology that contribute to reproductive performance.
Thoracoscopic management of cervical thoracic duct injuries after thyroidectomy with lymphadenectomy
Authors: Ikeda Yoshifumi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present a case of postoperative cervical chylous fistula after neck dissection of advanced thyroid carcinoma that was managed successfully by thoracoscopic ligation of the thoracic duct. A double lumen endobronchial tube was introduced for selective single‐lung ventilation with the patient under general anesthesia. The patient was placed in the left decubitus position. Four thoracoports were introduced in the collapsed right lung. The thoracic duct was ligated at two points, and two clips were applied. Postoperatively, neck drainage ceased immediately. The chest tube and closed neck drains were removed on postoperative days 2 and 8, respectively. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 9. Thoracoscopy is a safe and effective treatment of chylous fistula in the neck. Compared to the open procedure, the minimally invasive thoracoscopic approach causes less pain and fosters faster rehabilitation and recovery.
Extraperitoneal colostomy in laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection using a hand inserted from the perineal side
Authors: Shiraishi Takuya , Tomizawa Naoki , Ando Tatsumasa , Arakawa Kazuhisa , Kobayashi Katsumi , Muroya Ken , Kurosaki Ryo , Sato Hiroaki , Suto Yuji , Kato Ryuji , Ozawa Naoya , Sunose Yutaka , Takeyoshi Izumi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionExtraperitoneal colostomy is considered to be more effective at preventing post‐colostomy complications than intraperitoneal colostomy. However, this operation is difficult via laparoscopic surgery alone. We present an extraperitoneal colostomy technique using a hand inserted from the perineal side.Materials and Surgical TechniqueExtraperitoneal colostomy was performed in five patients. After the rectum was resected, a hand was inserted into the abdominal cavity from the perineal side, and pneumoperitoneum was created. The peritoneum was dissected to make the extraperitoneal route, and the proximal colon was passed along this route with fingers and laparoscopic manipulation. All procedures were completed without tissue damage or hemorrhage. No patient developed a hernia or ileus postoperatively.DiscussionLaparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for an extraperitoneal colostomy is difficult via laparoscopic ports only. It can be simplified by operating with manual assistance via the perineal wound.
Increased collagen III in culled chicken meat after feeding dietary wood charcoal and vinegar contributes to palatability and tenderness
Authors: Yamauchi Kohsyo , Manabe Noboru , Matsumoto Yoshiki , Takenoyama Shin‐ichi , Yamauchi Koh‐en 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe comprehensively evaluated meat quality in chickens fed a diet consisting of wood charcoal and vinegar (WCV) using food scientific and histological approaches. In culled hens, lipid and fatty acid in Musculus semimembranosus, cooking loss and sensory tests of whole thigh meat, and meat texture of breast meat were observed. In male broilers, cross section of M. semimembranosus was used for observations on muscle area, perimysium, non‐collagen total protein and total collagen content, and anti‐collagen I and III reactions. In frozen male broilers, conventional morphology of M. semimembranosus as well as chicken anti‐collagen III reaction to selected muscles of thigh meat and breast meat were compared between the control and WCV‐fed birds. Increased lipid and fatty acids, decreased cooking loss, high score in total evaluation for sensory test of thigh meat, and decreased meat texture values were observed for culled hens fed WCV. The higher values of muscle area, total collagen and collagen III were observed for broilers fed WCV. No perimysium collapse for M. semitendinosus or increased collagen III reactions of M. tensor fasciae latae, the flexor muscle group and M. pectoralis superficialis were observed for frozen muscles in the WCV group. These total results suggest that WCV produces palatable and tender meat by increasing collagen III.
Effects of oral administration of heat‐killed Enterococcus faecium strain NHRD IHARA in post‐weaning piglets
Authors: Sukegawa Shin , Ihara Yasuhiro , Yuge Kaoruko , Rao Shengbin , Oka Kentaro , Arakawa Fumihiro , Fujimura Tatsuya , Murakami Hiroshi , Kurazono Hisao , Takahashi Motomichi , Morimatsu Fumiki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractProbiotic bacteria such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have recently received attention as candidates for alternative anti‐microbial feed additives. We previously isolated Enterococcus faecium strain NHRD IHARA (FERM BP‐11090, NHRD IHARA strain) and reported its probiotic efficacy. However, we have not determined the effect of oral administration of heat‐killed cells of this strain. Here, we performed two experiments to investigate the effect of oral administration of the heat‐killed NHRD IHARA strain on post‐weaning piglets. In Experiment 1, there was a significant improvement in growth performance (P = 0.04) and increase in serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) production (P = 0.03) in the group fed heat‐killed cells. These results were similar to previous results we obtained with live cells. We also found changes in serum and fecal IgA production that were unrelated to the patterns of microbiotal change. In Experiment 2, we detected a significant improvement in villus growth in the jejunum (P = 0.0002). In conclusion, oral administration of the heat‐killed NHRD IHARA strain in post‐weaning piglets had the same efficacy as administration of the live strain. The heat‐killed NHRD IHARA strain can be used as feed additives to improve pig growth and health on commercial farms.
Roles of the zona pellucida and functional exposure of the sperm‐egg fusion factor ‘IZUMO’ during in vitro fertilization in pigs
Authors: Tanihara Fuminori , Nakai Michiko , Men Nguyen Thi , Kato Noriko , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Noguchi Junko , Otoi Takeshige , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe zona pellucida (ZP) is considered to play important roles in the prevention of polyspermy in mammalian oocytes. However, in pigs we have shown that the presence of the ZP accelerates sperm penetration into the ooplasm during in vitro fertilization (IVF). In the present study, we investigated the effects of the ZP on sperm binding, acrosomal status, and functional exposure of IZUMO, a critical factor involved in sperm‐egg fusion, during IVF in pigs. We evaluated the numbers and acrosomal statuses of sperm binding to the ZP and oolemma, and being present in the ZP and perivitelline space (PVS) using ZP‐intact and ZP‐free oocytes. More sperm bound to the ZP than to the oolemma. The average number of sperm present in the PVS was 0.44−0.51 per oocyte, and all sperm had lost their acrosomes. The proportion of sperm that were immunopositive for anti‐IZUMO antibody was significantly higher after they were passing or had passed through the ZP. Furthermore, addition of anti‐IZUMO antibody to the fertilization medium significantly inhibited the penetration of sperm into ZP‐free oocytes. These results suggest that, in pigs, the ZP induces the acrosome reaction, which is associated with the functional exposure of IZUMO, resulting in completion of fertilization.
Shotgun proteomic analysis of porcine colostrum and mature milk
Authors: Ogawa Shohei , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Nishibayashi Ryoichiro , Nakatani Masako , Okutani Mie , Nakanishi Nobuo , Ushida Kazunari , Inoue Ryo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe epitheliochorial nature of the porcine placenta prevents the transfer of maternal immunity. Therefore, ingestion of the colostrum immediately after birth is crucial for neonatal piglets to acquire passive immunity from the sow. We performed a shotgun proteomic analysis of porcine milk to reveal in detail the protein composition of porcine milk. On the basis of the Swiss‐Prot database, 113 and 118 proteins were identified in the porcine colostrum and mature milk, respectively, and 50 of these proteins were common to both samples. Some immune‐related proteins, including interleukin‐18 (IL‐18), were unique to the colostrum. The IL‐18 concentration in the colostrum and mature milk of four sows was measured to validate the proteomic analysis, and IL‐18 was only detected in the colostrum (191.0 ± 53.9 pg/mL) and not in mature milk. In addition, some proteins involved in primary defense, such as azurocidin, which has never been detected in any other mammal's milk, were also identified in the colostrum.
Acidifying and yeast extract in diets for adults cats
Authors: Ogoshi Rosana C. S. , Zangeronimo Márcio G. , Dos Reis Jéssica S. , França Janine , Santos João P. F. , Pires Carolina P. , Chizzotti Ana F. , Costa Adriano C. , Ferreira Lívia G. , Saad Flávia M. O. B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study evaluated the effects of adding an acidifying agent based on phosphoric acid (A), a yeast extract from a specific strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Y) and the combination of these two additives in food for adult cats. A test was conducted with 24 animals (mean 3.5 years old), mixed breed, weighing 3.72 ± 0.74 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial design (with or without A 0.6% of dry matter, with or without Y 1.5% of dry matter) totalling four treatments and six replicates of each condition. The experimental period was 15 days. The A or the Y reduced (P < 0.01) the dry matter intake, but the effect was not observed when they were associated. The association improved (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter and ashes. The A reduced urine pH (P = 0.05) regardless of the presence of the Y. There was no effect (P > 0.09) on other parameters evaluated. Results of this study show that the isolated use of 0.6% A or 1.5% Y in diets for cats is not recommended. However, the association of these two additives was beneficial in increasing nutrient digestibility.
State of the Art – How I manage coagulopathy in cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Davidson Simon 
Published: January 2014

SummaryOver 35 000 cardiac operations using cardiopulmonary bypass are performed annually in the UK. Post‐operative bleeding is a common cause of morbidity. Although there have been improvements in surgical techniques, recent publications still show post‐operative blood loss to be significant, with allogeneic blood product usage as high as 50%. Despite greater understanding of the mechanisms of the coagulopathy encountered during cardiac surgery the development of treatment options has been slow. There has been a realization of the inadequacy of fresh frozen plasma to correct the coagulopathy in this setting, leading to greater off‐label use of specific factor concentrates to stop bleeding, e.g., prothrombin complex concentrates and fibrinogen concentrates. Recent trials using factor XIII and IX concentrates have not been successful. This article will review preventative measures to reduce post‐operative bleeding and the current management of bleeding with such factor concentrates and, in most cases, the limited evidence supporting their widespread use.
Schwannomas and Their Pathogenesis
Authors: Hilton David A. , Hanemann Clemens Oliver 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSchwannomas may occur spontaneously, or in the context of a familial tumor syndrome such as neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2), schwannomatosis and Carney's complex. Schwannomas have a variety of morphological appearances, but they behave as World Health Organization (WHO) grade I tumors, and only very rarely undergo malignant transformation. Central to the pathogenesis of these tumors is loss of function of merlin, either by direct genetic change involving the NF2 gene on chromosome 22 or secondarily to merlin inactivation. The genetic pathways and morphological features of schwannomas associated with different genetic syndromes will be discussed. Merlin has multiple functions, including within the nucleus and at the cell membrane, and this review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which merlin loss is involved in schwannoma pathogenesis, highlighting potential areas for therapeutic intervention.
2‐Methoxystypandrone inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and nuclear factor‐κB signaling by inhibiting Janus kinase 2 and IκB kinase
Authors: Kuang Shan , Qi Chunting , Liu Jiawei , Sun Xiaoxiao , Zhang Qing , Sima Zhenhua , Liu Jingli , Li Wuguo , Yu Qiang 
Published: January 2014

Constitutive activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) or the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) pathway occurs frequently in cancer cells and contributes to oncogenesis. The activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and IκB kinase (IKK) are key events in STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling, respectively. We have identified 2‐methoxystypandrone (2‐MS) from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Polygonum cuspidatum as a novel dual inhibitor of JAK2 and IKK. 2‐MS inhibits both interleukin‐6‐induced and constitutively‐activated STAT3, as well as tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced NF‐κB activation. 2‐MS specifically inhibits JAK and IKKβ kinase activities but has little effect on activities of other kinases tested. The inhibitory effects of 2‐MS on STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling can be eliminated by DTT or glutathione and can last for 4 h after a pulse treatment. Furthermore, 2‐MS inhibits growth and induces death of tumor cells, particularly those with constitutively‐activated STAT3 or NF‐κB signaling. We propose that the natural compound 2‐MS, as a potent dual inhibitor of STAT3 and NF‐κB pathways, is a promising anticancer drug candidate.
Role of prostaglandin D2 and CRTH2 blockade in early‐ and late‐phase nasal responses
Authors: Shiraishi Y. , Takeda K. , Domenico J. , Gelfand E. W. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundProstaglandin D2 (PGD2) plays an important role in allergic inflammation. The PGD2 receptor, CRTH2, is expressed on basophils, eosinophils, and Th2 lymphocytes and mediates chemotactic activity.ObjectiveTo define the role of CRTH2 in allergen‐induced nasal responses in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR), a potent, selective CRTH2 receptor antagonist, ARRY‐063 was administered in a model of allergic rhinitis in mice.MethodsARRY‐063 was administered orally to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged mice. To assess nasal obstruction, respiratory frequency (RF) was monitored by whole‐body plethysmography immediately after the 4th challenge (early‐phase response, EPR) and 24 h after the 6th challenge (late‐phase response, LPR). Nasal resistance (RNA) was also measured in the LPR. PGD2 was administered with or without OVA to determine the effect of PGD2 on nasal responsiveness. Cytokine levels and histopathological changes in nasal tissue were analysed.ResultsInstillation of PGD2 in the nose of sensitized mice together with a low concentration of OVA induced both an EPR and LPR. Treatment with the CRTH2 receptor antagonist prevented the decreases in RF seen immediately following the 4th challenge of sensitized mice (EPR). In the LPR, decreases in RF and increases in RNA were also prevented by antagonist treatment associated with reduced cytokine levels and inflammation in nasal tissues.ConclusionsThese data identify PGD2 as a mediator of both the EPR and LPR in this model of AR and suggest that antagonism of CRTH2 prevents the development of both the EPR and LPR as well as nasal inflammation.
Significance of sugar chain recognition by galectins and its involvement in disease‐associated glycosylation
Authors: Arikawa Tomohiro , Simamura Eriko , Shimada Hiroki , Nakamura Takanori , Hatta Toshihisa , Shoji Hiroki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGalectins are β‐galactoside‐binding lectins that participate in a wide range of biological processes. Galectins are distributed both inside and outside cells and are believed to have roles in both intra‐ and extracellular milieus. One of the well‐recognized functions of galectins is stabilization of glycoproteins on the cell surface, thereby promoting stable signal transduction and transport of substances such as glucose. Glycoprotein‐associated diseases, including congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG, previously called carbohydrate‐deficient glycoprotein syndrome), comprise a disease family established only in the last decade. Although numerousin vitroglycobiology studies have been performed, including investigation of glycan‐galectin interactions and of galectin action in cultured cells, a fewin vivostudies have investigated molecular mechanisms of galectin actions in animal models. Bothin vitroandin vivostudies are needed in order to better determine the biological significance of sugar chain recognition. Hitherto, some reports have focused on the role of impaired sugar chain recognition and galectin function in the development of diverse diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, colitis, and cancer. We recently focused on the function of galectins in immunity and embryogenesis, and in this review we summarize the diseases related to disorders of sugar chain‐galectin interaction and discuss the role of galectins as potential risk factors for some congenital and acquired diseases. These diseases are disorders of immunity, metabolism, and cell differentiation. This approach to understanding the significance of sugar chain recognition by galectins may open up a new field into the nature of glycoprotein‐related diseases, includingCDG.
Esthetic outcome of single implant crowns following type 1 and type 3 implant placement: a systematic review
Authors: Shi Jun‐Yu , Wang Ren , Zhuang Long‐Fei , Gu Ying‐Xin , Qiao Shi‐Chong , Lai Hong‐Chang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current review was to systematically appraise the esthetic outcome of soft tissue around single implant crowns following type 1 and type 3 implants placement in published dental literature.Materials and methodsA PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials search up to March 2013 was conducted for articles published in the dental literature and limited to human trials with no language restricted. Furthermore, the reference lists of related articles were systematically screened, and additional manual searches were also performed. The primary outcome was pink esthetics score (PES).ResultsThe electronic search in the database of PubMed, Embase, and the Cohrane Central Register of Controlled Trials resulted in the identification of 463 titles. These titles were initially screened by the two independent reviewers for possible inclusion. Screening the abstracts and titles led to 28 articles for future full‐text consideration. From these articles, 18 studies were excluded. Manual search identified one article. After quality assessment, eight studies were included in this review. This review showed that no significant difference of PES index could be found between type 1 and type 3 implant placement.ConclusionAccording to the current evidence, short‐term esthetic outcomes of peri‐implant soft tissue did not show significant difference following type 1 and type 3 implants placement with well‐selected patients. However, caution should be taken for clinicians to extrapolate this result to all types of patients, as more randomized clinical trials are needed for long‐term soft‐tissue esthetic outcome in patients with high esthetic risk following type 1 implant placement. PES frequency, peri‐implant condition and other risk factors for peri‐implantitis are recommended to be reported for future studies.