bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation in oral medicine: a review
Authors: Pandeshwar Padma , Roa Mahesh Datta , Das Reshma , Shastry Shilpa P. , Kaul Rachna , Srinivasreddy Mahesh B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) or low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) in dentistry is an evolving science, with an increasing number of controlled clinical studies exploring its potential as a treatment modality. The present study provides an outline of the biologic mechanism of PBM and summarizes the findings of clinical studies of PBM for specific applications in oral medicine. Controversies and drawbacks associated with PBM, which require further research, are also identified. Current literature reports the potential of PBM in various applications in oral medicine. Furthermore, well‐documented research confirms its efficacy in certain conditions, such as oral mucositis, recurrent herpes simplex infection, and burning mouth syndrome. The absence of any reported adverse effects is an advantage over conventional therapeutic modalities. While PBM has proved to be effective for some specific applications, it is not a panacea. The paucity in standardized studies, coupled with ambiguity over the laser parameters, has limited its credibility as a therapeutic modality.
Sex Differences in Judgments of Social Desirability
Authors: Paunonen Sampo V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study evaluates sex differences in the perceived desirability of personality behaviors and beliefs. Men and women (N = 149, Mage = 18.7) judged the social desirability scale values (SDSVs) of 150 personality statements as applied either to a male target or a female target. For comparison, some estimated SDSVs with no target sex specified. A separate sample of 537 respondents endorsed the 150 items via self‐report. Raters showed a high consensus in their SDSV judgments within conditions (α = .86 to .90) and no sex‐of‐rater effects across conditions. Substantial sex‐of‐target effects (p < .001), however, revealed many behaviors that were viewed as desirable for one sex but not for the other. The behaviors seen as more (less) desirable when applied to men rather than to women were endorsed more (less) by men than by women in the respondent sample. Similar results were found when no target sex was specified for the SDSV ratings, presumably because judges evaluated the behaviors as applied to a target of their own sex. The present results have important implications for the measurement and reporting of SDSVs, the evaluation of substance versus style in self‐reports, and the construction of desirability‐reduced personality inventories.
Use of posaconazole delayed‐release tablets for treatment of invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Conant Marjorie M. , Sha Beverly E. , Proia Laurie A. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryA 65‐year‐old man developed Aspergillus brain abscesses following surgical resection of a sinus aspergilloma. He was treated with voriconazole for 1 year but infection recurred. We elected to treat with posaconazole delayed‐release tablets, currently only indicated as antifungal prophylaxis in high‐risk patients. A maintenance dose of 300 mg Q24 h resulted in a therapeutic serum concentration and appears safe and clinically effective thus far. This is the first report of successful use of posaconazole tablets for treatment of invasive aspergillosis.
Modulation of the host response by probiotic Lactobacillus brevisCD2 in experimental gingivitis
Authors: Lee J‐K , Kim S‐J , Ko S‐H , Ouwehand AC , Ma DS 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveProbiotic Lactobacillus brevisCD2 (CD2) exerts anti‐inflammatory properties by preventing nitric oxide synthesis. It is hypothesized that oral application of CD2 can inhibit naturally occurring gingival inflammation.Materials and MethodsThirty‐four healthy adults were randomized to receive L. brevisCD2 lozenges or placebo, three times daily for 14 days. The subjects refrained from oral hygiene, the extent of which was determined at various time points.ResultsIn both groups, bleeding on probing scores increased continuously throughout the study except on day 3. In the placebo group, scores increased significantly from 9.50 at baseline to 14.75 and 14.81 on days 10 and 14, respectively (P < 0.05). No significant change from baseline was observed in the CD2 group. However, scores were consistently higher with placebo, and significant intergroup differences were observed on day 10. Plaque and gingival indices increased from baseline in both treatment groups, but no intergroup differences were observed. Measurements of immune markers in gingival crevicular fluid revealed increased production of nitric oxide in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Prostaglandin E2 production decreased over time in both groups.ConclusionLactobacillus brevisCD2 may delay gingivitis development in this model by downregulating an inflammatory cascade.
Effectiveness of Propranolol in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangioma Beyond the Proliferation Phase
Authors: Vivas‐Colmenares Grecia V. , Bernabeu‐Wittel Jose , Alonso‐Arroyo Veronica , Matute de Cardenas Jose A. , Fernandez‐Pineda Israel 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDuring the last 5 years, many studies have shown the efficacy of propranolol as first‐line treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs), but not much has been written about the role of propranolol beyond the proliferation phase of IH (>1 year). Our aim was to assess propranolol efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients older than 1 year. A retrospective study of patients older than 1 year diagnosed with IH and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2009 and 2013 was performed. Eighteen patients older than 1 year with a diagnosis of IH (15 girls, 3 boys) were identified. The mean age at the time of initiation of treatment was 25.7 months (range 13–72 mos). Single lesions were observed in 13 patients and multiple lesions in 5. Fifteen patients had focal lesions and three had segmental. The median duration of treatment with oral propranolol was 11.8 months (range 2–33 mos). Complete response was observed in 72.2% of the patients and partial response in 27.8%. Recurrence was observed in three patients 4.7 months after completion of therapy (range 0.3–8 mos). These patients required further therapy with propranolol for 6 more months. Bradycardia was documented in two patients and night terrors in one patient, which led to discontinuation of treatment. In our experience, propranolol may be useful in the treatment of IHs beyond the proliferation phase (>1 year old), but more studies are needed to support this observation.
Association between pneumococcal pneumonia and venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Chen Yu‐Guang , Lin Te‐Yu , Huang Wen‐Yen , Lin Cheng‐Li , Dai Ming‐Shen , Kao Chia‐Hung 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivesThis was a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study to investigate the risk of developing deep‐vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with a pneumococcal pneumonia.MethodsWe analysed data from 1998 to 2010 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The follow‐up period was extended to the end of 2011. We identified patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and selected a comparison cohort matched for age, sex and diagnosis year at a ratio of one pneumococcal pneumonia patient to four control patients. We analysed the risks of DVT and PE by using Cox proportional hazards regression models, including gender, age and comorbidities.ResultsIn total, 18 928 pneumococcal pneumonia patients and 75 712 controls were included in the study. The risks of developing DVT and PE were 1.78‐fold (95% CI: 1.39–2.28) and 1.97‐fold (95% CI: 1.43–2.72), respectively, in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia compared to the control cohort after adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. The increased risks of DVT and PE were significant in patients who exhibited any comorbidity. The incidences of DVT and PE were highest in the first 4 weeks after pneumonia and remained slightly elevated from 13 weeks to 2 years after acute infection.ConclusionPneumococcal pneumonia should be considered a risk factor for DVT and PE, even after the patient has recovered from the acute infection.
Coalescence of fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding in curved thrust systems: an insight from the Central Apennines, Italy
Authors: Pace Paolo , Calamita Fernando 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe coalescence and spatial variability of different thrust‐related folding mechanisms involving the same mechanical multilayer along a curved thrust system are documented in this study. The field‐based analysis of thrust‐related folds spectacularly exposed in the Gran Sasso thrust system, Central Apennines of Italy, allowed us to reconstruct the interference fold pattern between fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding. These two thrust‐related folding mechanisms exhibit spatial variability along the differently oriented ramps of the curved Gran Sasso thrust system, passing from one style to the other. Their selective development is controlled by contrasting styles of compressional normal‐fault reactivation related to positive tectonic inversion. Fault‐bend and fault‐propagation folding interact with a characteristic interference fold pattern in the salient apex zone of the curved thrust system due to their synchronous/in‐sequence growth. This interference fold pattern might be helpful and predictive when reconstructing lateral variations in different thrust‐related folds in similar subaerial or submarine thrust belts.
Effect of context on respiratory rate measurement in identifying non‐severe pneumonia in African children
Authors: Muro Florida , Mtove George , Mosha Neema , Wangai Hannah , Harrison Nicole , Hildenwall Helena , Schellenberg David , Todd Jim , Olomi Raimos , Reyburn Hugh 
Published: February 2015

SummaryObjectiveCough or difficult breathing and an increased respiratory rate for their age are the commonest indications for outpatient antibiotic treatment in African children. We aimed to determine whether respiratory rate was likely to be transiently raised by a number of contextual factors in a busy clinic leading to inaccurate diagnosis.MethodsRespiratory rates were recorded in children aged 2–59 months presenting with cough or difficulty breathing to one of the two busy outpatient clinics and then repeated at 10‐min intervals over 1 h in a quiet setting.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐seven children were enrolled with a mean age of 7.1 (SD ± 2.9) months in infants and 27.6 (SD ± 12.8) months in children aged 12–59 months. The mean respiratory rate declined from 42.3 and 33.6 breaths per minute (bpm) in the clinic to 39.1 and 32.6 bpm after 10 min in a quiet room and to 39.2 and 30.7 bpm (P < 0.001) after 60 min in younger and older children, respectively. This resulted in 11/13 (85%) infants and 2/15 (13%) older children being misclassified with non‐severe pneumonia. In a random effects linear regression model, the variability in respiratory rate within children (42%) was almost as much as the variability between children (58%). Changing the respiratory rates cut‐offs to higher thresholds resulted in a small reduction in the proportion of non‐severe pneumonia mis‐classifications in infants.ConclusionNoise and other contextual factors may cause a transient increase in respiratory rate and consequently misclassification of non‐severe pneumonia. However, this effect is less pronounced in older children than infants. Respiratory rate is a difficult sign to measure as the variation is large between and within children. More studies of the accuracy and utility of respiratory rate as a proxy for non‐severe pneumonia diagnosis in a busy clinic are needed.
Strawberry homologue of TERMINAL FLOWER1 integrates photoperiod and temperature signals to inhibit flowering
Authors: Rantanen Marja , Kurokura Takeshi , Jiang Panpan , Mouhu Katriina , Hytönen Timo 
Published: February 2015

SummaryPhotoperiod and temperature are major environmental signals affecting flowering in plants. Although molecular pathways mediating these signals have been well characterized in the annual model plant Arabidopsis, much less information is known in perennials. Many perennials including the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) are induced to flower in response to decreasing photoperiod and temperature in autumn and they flower following spring. We showed earlier that, in contrast with Arabidopsis, the photoperiodic induction of flowering in strawberry occurs in short days (SD) when the decrease in FvFT1 (FLOWERING LOCUS T) and FvSOC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF THE OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1) expression leads to lower mRNA levels of the floral repressor, FvTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1). By using transgenic lines and gene expression analyses, we show evidence that the temperature‐mediated changes in the FvTFL1 mRNA expression set critical temperature limits for the photoperiodic flowering in strawberry. At temperatures below 13°C, low expression level of FvTFL1 in both SD and long days (LD) allows flower induction to occur independently of the photoperiod. Rising temperature gradually increases FvTFL1 mRNA levels under LD, and at temperatures above 13°C, SD is required for the flower induction that depends on the deactivation of FvSOC1 and FvTFL1. However, an unknown transcriptional activator, which functions independently of FvSOC1, enhances the expression of FvTFL1 at 23°C preventing photoperiodic flowering. We suggest that the observed effect of the photoperiod × temperature interaction on FvTFL1 mRNA expression may allow strawberry to induce flowers in correct time in different climates.
Complete Genome Sequence of an Aldoxime Degrader, Bacillus sp. OxB-1
Authors: Yamaguchi Takuya , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Bacillus sp. OxB-1 has been characterized as a strain that produces a new enzyme, aldoxime dehydratase, which catalyzes the dehydration of aldoxime to form nitrile. Here, its complete genome sequence (3,594,618 bp, with a GC content of 47.85%), comprising a circular chromosome, is announced.
Complete Sequences of Six IncA/C Plasmids of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serotype Newport
Authors: Cao Guojie , Allard Marc W. , Hoffmann Maria , Monday Steven R. , Muruvanda Tim , Luo Yan , Payne Justin , Rump Lydia , Meng Kevin , Zhao Shaohua , McDermott Patrick F. , Brown Eric W. , Meng Jianghong 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant (MDR)
Salmonella enterica
subsp. enterica serotype Newport has been a long-standing public health concern in the United States. We present the complete sequences of six IncA/C plasmids from animal-derived MDR
S
. Newport ranging from 80.1 to 158.5 kb. They shared a genetic backbone with
S
. Newport IncA/C plasmids pSN254 and pAM04528.
TACT: WHAT IMPACT DOES RESEARCH PARTNER INVOLVEMENT HAVE ON THE WORKING PRACTICES OF A CANCER CLINICAL TRIAL UNIT AND ACADEMIC RESEARCH CENTRE?
Authors: Hopewell-Kelly N , Fitzgibbon J , Baillie J , Nelson A 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionFrom 2005, lay representatives (‘Research Partners-RPs) have been involved as memebers of the research team in a clinical trials unit, and more recently a Marie Curie facility. However, the impact of their work has not been routinely examined. The TACT study was designed as a means of evaluation.Aim(s) and method(s)Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten RPs and eight researchers to explore RPs’ input; documents from Trial Management Groups (TMGs), emails and relevant outputs were analysed using a Framework approach.ResultsBoth the RPs and researchers saw the RP as an advocate for patients. RPs generally felt welcomed into the trials unit with most happy with their level of involvement. However, some RPs spoke about a perceived bias in the unit's tendency to use more experienced RPs, the RP role being a tokenistic funding requirement, and the need for greater monitoring and support. Researchers were unclear about the degree to which RPs should be involved in their work and the processes involved in working alongside RPs. They recognised greater commitment was required of them in the RP initiative, although time pressures and stresses were barriers to achieving this.Analysis of RP Impact led to generally unfavourable results. Evidence of input in TMGs did not equate with subsequent actions and contributions in outputs were either minimal or absent.ConclusionsDespite, a structured model of RP involvement, the results show a need for further improvement. Work is currently underway to design and implement a toolkit with which to tackle some of these challenges.
MARIE CURIE COMPANIONS AT MUSGROVE PARK HOSPITAL
Authors: Bearne Julia 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe Marie Curie Companions are a group of volunteers who have been specially trained by Marie Curie and Musgrove Park hospital to provide emotional support to dying patients and their families.Aim(s) and method(s)An information session was advertised to attract companion volunteers from a cross section of the community. Advertisements were placed on the Marie Curie website, volunteer bureau and in the local press. 21 people attended the event with 17 people attending an interview 1 candidate was not accepted. 16 people (4 males and 12 females) went on to complete the training programme over 5 weeks.The training programme was based on that used for the Marie Curie Helper core training for volunteers and consisted of topics about death and dying, communication skills, spirituality, the hospital environment and bereavement and loss.3 pilot wards were chosen a medical, surgical and the medical assessment unit, to commence delivery and the hours of work were from 18.00–21.00 on weekday evenings and 15.00–21.00 (2 shifts) at weekends.Ward based training was delivered to provide hospital staff teams with the information about the project and how to refer.Results15 Companion volunteers work across the hospital and since delivery commenced in mid July 2014, 47 referrals have been received to the service resulting in more than 70 support visits to dying patients and their families.Conclusion(s)The support provided was mostly companionship and emotional support including being a listening ear to patients and their families, alongside short term respite care in the form of sitting with the patient, while families took a break. The support provided was felt to be needed by ward staff at the hospital and the early evidence suggests that dying patients and their families are already benefiting from this service. We will report on the impact that the service has had on the ward staff and perceived impact on patients and their families'.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE USE AND COMPLETION OF THE ELECTRONIC KEY INFORMATION SUMMARY (KIS) AT THE POINT OF HOSPITAL ADMISSION FOR PATIENTS AT RISK OF DETERIORATION OR DYING
Authors: Hall CC , Spiller JA 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe electronic Key Information Summary (KIS) is an evolution of the Emergency Care Summary. The KIS contains vital patient information, is accessible to unscheduled/ emergency care services and more recently in secondary care. A KIS is completed by GPs foranypatient with complex care needs. Information ranges from a “special note” to a comprehensive electronic Palliative Care Summary. Little is known however about the usefulness and perspectives of hospital clinicians regarding the KIS.Aim(s) and method(s)Aims: To identify acute medical admissions with a KIS and analyse KIS quality. To identify those at risk of deterioration/ dying (using SPICT™ tool). To ascertain levels of clinician KIS awareness/ access, views on usefulness and suggested improvements. Methods: Retrospective case note analysis/ semi-structured interviews.Results24% of all patients had a KIS. Of patients at risk of deterioration or dying, 53% had a KIS. KIS quality was variable. Access to ECS medications (which now includes an ‘abbreviated’ KIS) was high (96%) but only 19% of clinicians had viewed their patient's KIS. Access to a ‘full’ KIS (including Palliative Care fields) was only 4%. 75% of clinicians found the KIS a useful tool.Conclusion(s)KIS are present for almost 1/4 of medical admissions to secondary care and are deemed useful by the majority of admitting clinicians. Patients at risk of deterioration or dying are more likely to have a KIS, but KIS are not routinely viewed by admitting clinicians. Education regarding the KIS/SPICT™ in hospitals and prompting on admission may improve complex (including palliative) patient management.
DANCING TO A DIFFERENT TUNE: LIVING AND DYING WITH CANCER, ORGAN FAILURE AND PHYSICAL FRAILTY
Authors: Kendall M , Carduff E , Lloyd A , Kimbell B , Pinnock H , Murray S A 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionThe “danse macabre” has been depicted in Europe since medieval times. Providing good end-of-life care for all patients, whatever form their last dance takes, is a global challenge.Aim(s) and method(s)To explore typical narratives of living with and dying from advanced illnesses, to provide insights into providing effective care.Secondary analysis of data from 8 qualitative longitudinal studies: 3 cancer; 3 organ failure; 1 frailty; 1 with South Asian participants from all 3 trajectories. Patients were interviewed up to 4 times over 18 months. Researchers from each study reviewed the data using a narrative analytic framework. The narratives were initially synthesised by illness trajectory, then compared and discussed at analysis workshops.ResultsThe dataset was 828 in-depth interviews with 156 patients. Cancer narratives had a well-rehearsed beginning, middle and anticipated end, with dual themes of hope for recovery alongside fear of dying. People with organ failure struggled to tell their story, being unclear when the illness began, or how one event linked to another. Fewer spoke about death, hoping instead to avoid further deterioration. Frail older people's narratives often began with a specific event in combination with ageing, yet lost salience amidst increasing losses and future fears. Death was only fully anticipated very near the end, and feared less than nursing homes or dementia.Conclusion(s)Patients from different illness groups gave very different accounts. Consequently the cancer-based model of end-of-life care seems poorly suited to the needs of those dying in other ways. Understanding how different patient groups perceive their deteriorating health and approaching death will inform appropriate future palliative care for all.