bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A thiostrepton resistance gene and its mutants serve as selectable markers inGeobacillus kaustophilusHTA426
Authors: Wada Keisuke , Kobayashi Jyumpei , Furukawa Megumi , Doi Katsumi , Ohshiro Takashi , Suzuki Hirokazu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractEffective utilization of microbes often requires complex genetic modification using multiple antibiotic resistance markers. Because a few markers have been used in Geobacillus spp., the present study was designed to identify a new marker for these thermophiles. We explored antibiotic resistance genes functional in Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426 and identified a thiostrepton resistance gene (tsr) effective at 50 °C. The tsr gene was further used to generate the mutant tsrH258Y functional at 55 °C. Higher functional temperature of the mutant was attributable to the increase in thermostability of the gene product because recombinant protein produced from tsrH258Y was more thermostable than that from tsr. In fact, the tsrH258Y gene served as a selectable marker for plasmid transformation of G. kaustophilus. This new marker could facilitate complex genetic modification of G. kaustophilus and potentially other Geobacillus spp.
The myth of standardized workflow in primary care
Authors: Holman G Talley , Beasley John W , Karsh Ben-Tzion , Stone Jamie A , Smith Paul D , Wetterneck Tosha B 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Objective Primary care efficiency and quality are essential for the nation’s health. The demands on primary care physicians (PCPs) are increasing as healthcare becomes more complex. A more complete understanding of PCP workflow variation is needed to guide future healthcare redesigns.
Methods This analysis evaluates workflow variation in terms of the sequence of tasks performed during patient visits. Two patient visits from 10 PCPs from 10 different United States Midwestern primary care clinics were analyzed to determine physician workflow. Tasks and the progressive sequence of those tasks were observed, documented, and coded by task category using a PCP task list. Variations in the sequence and prevalence of tasks at each stage of the primary care visit were assessed considering the physician, the patient, the visit’s progression, and the presence of an electronic health record (EHR) at the clinic.
Results PCP workflow during patient visits varies significantly, even for an individual physician, with no single or even common workflow pattern being present. The prevalence of specific tasks shifts significantly as primary care visits progress to their conclusion but, notably, PCPs collect patient information throughout the visit.
Discussion PCP workflows were unpredictable during face-to-face patient visits. Workflow emerges as the result of a “dance” between physician and patient as their separate agendas are addressed, a side effect of patient-centered practice.
Conclusions Future healthcare redesigns should support a wide variety of task sequences to deliver high-quality primary care. The development of tools such as electronic health records must be based on the realities of primary care visits if they are to successfully support a PCP’s mental and physical work, resulting in effective, safe, and efficient primary care.
A new visual navigation system for exploring biomedical Open Educational Resource (OER) videos
Authors: Zhao Baoquan , Xu Songhua , Lin Shujin , Luo Xiaonan , Duan Lian 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjective Biomedical videos as open educational resources (OERs) are increasingly proliferating on the Internet. Unfortunately, seeking personally valuable content from among the vast corpus of quality yet diverse OER videos is nontrivial due to limitations of today’s keyword- and content-based video retrieval techniques. To address this need, this study introduces a novel visual navigation system that facilitates users’ information seeking from biomedical OER videos in mass quantity by interactively offering visual and textual navigational clues that are both semantically revealing and user-friendly.Materials and Methods The authors collected and processed around 25 000 YouTube videos, which collectively last for a total length of about 4000 h, in the broad field of biomedical sciences for our experiment. For each video, its semantic clues are first extracted automatically through computationally analyzing audio and visual signals, as well as text either accompanying or embedded in the video. These extracted clues are subsequently stored in a metadata database and indexed by a high-performance text search engine. During the online retrieval stage, the system renders video search results as dynamic web pages using a JavaScript library that allows users to interactively and intuitively explore video content both efficiently and effectively.Results The authors produced a prototype implementation of the proposed system, which is publicly accessible at https://patentq.njit.edu/oer . To examine the overall advantage of the proposed system for exploring biomedical OER videos, the authors further conducted a user study of a modest scale. The study results encouragingly demonstrate the functional effectiveness and user-friendliness of the new system for facilitating information seeking from and content exploration among massive biomedical OER videos.Conclusion Using the proposed tool, users can efficiently and effectively find videos of interest, precisely locate video segments delivering personally valuable information, as well as intuitively and conveniently preview essential content of a single or a collection of videos.
Local Health Departments Tweeting About Ebola: Characteristics and Messaging
Authors: Wong Roger , Harris Jenine K. , Staub Mackenzie , Bernhardt Jay M. 
Published: September 2015

Context:
The first imported US Ebola hemorrhagic fever case during the 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak triggered an increase in online activity through various social media platforms, including Twitter.

Objectives:
The purpose of our study was to examine characteristics of local health departments (LHDs) tweeting about Ebola, in addition to how and when LHDs were communicating Ebola-related messages.

Design:
All tweets sent by 287 LHDs known to be using Twitter were collected from September 3 to November 2, 2014. Twitter data were merged with the 2013 National Association of County & City Health Officials Profile study to assess LHD characteristics associated with sending Ebola-related tweets. To examine the content of Ebola tweets, we reviewed all such tweets and developed a codebook including 4 major message categories: information giving, news update, event promotion, and preparedness. A time line tracking the trends in Ebola tweets was created by aligning daily tweets with major Ebola news events posted on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ebola Web site.

Results:
Approximately 60% (n = 174) of all LHDs using Twitter sent a total of 1648 Ebola-related tweets during the study period. Sending more tweets in general (odds ratio: 2.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-5.84) and employing at least 1 public information specialist (odds ratio: 2.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-5.95) significantly increased the odds that an LHD tweeted about Ebola. Of all the Ebola tweets collected, 78.6% were information giving, 22.5% were on preparedness, 20.8% were news updates, and 10.3% were event promotion tweets. A temporal analysis of Ebola tweets indicated 5 distinct waves, each corresponding with major Ebola news events.

Conclusions:
Twitter has become a communication tool frequently used by many LHDs to respond to novel outbreaks, but messaging strategies vary widely across LHDs. We recommend that LHDs increase tweet frequency during public health emergencies in order to ensure timely dissemination of critical information.
Comparing RADseq and microsatellites to infer complex phylogeographic patterns, a real data informed perspective in the Crucian carp,Carassius carassius, L
Authors: Jeffries Daniel L , Copp Gordon H , Handley Lori Lawson , Håkan Olsén K. , Sayer Carl D , Hänfling Bernd 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe conservation of threatened species must be underpinned by phylogeographic knowledge in order to be effective. This need is epitomised by the freshwater fishCarassius carassius, which has recently undergone drastic declines across much of its European range. Restriction Site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) is being increasingly used for such phylogeographic questions, however RADseq is expensive, and limitations on sample number must be weighed against the benefit of large numbers of markers. Such tradeoffs have predominantly been addressed using simulated data. Here we compare the results generated from microsatellites and RADseq to the phylogeography ofC. carassius, to add real-data-informed perspectives to this important debate. These datasets, along with data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, agree on broad phylogeographic patterns; showing the existence of two previously unidentifiedC. carassiuslineages in Europe. These lineages have been isolated for approximately 2.2-2.3 M years, and should arguably be considered as separate conservation units. RADseq recovered finer population structure and stronger patterns of IBD than microsatellites, despite including only 17.6% of samples (38% of populations and 52% of samples per population). RADseq was also used along with Approximate Bayesian Computation to show that the postglacial colonisation routes ofC. carassiusdiffer from the general patterns of freshwater fish in Europe, likely as a result of their distinctive ecology.
Categorizing sentiment and its impact on REIT returns
Authors: Huerta Daniel , Jackson Dave O. , Ngo Thanh 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the impact of investor sentiment on real estate investment trust (REIT) returns using direct, survey-based measures of sentiment to categorize sentiment from institutional and individual investors.Design/methodology/approach– The authors provide a framework in which sentiment is classified into individual and institutional investor sentiment under the assumption that investors, depending on sophistication, react differently to the same set of information and will influence REIT prices differently. The authors employ a methodology that uses panel regression analyses and divides the sample of REITs into size and performance portfolios.Findings– The regression results suggest that institutional investor sentiment is positively and significantly related to REIT returns contemporaneously for multiple sample specifications. These results are consistent with high levels of institutional ownership in REITs. Results also suggest that individual investor sentiment only influences small capitalization and low-αportfolios.Originality/value– The findings provide more evidence on the influence of investor sentiment on security pricing even for highly regulated sectors such as the REIT industry. Investors may use changes in sentiment as signals for portfolio rebalancing and capital allocations.
Piecewise‐continuous velocity inversion
Authors: Koren Zvi , Ravve Igor 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe suggest a new method to determine the piecewise‐continuous vertical distribution of instantaneous velocities within sediment layers, using different order time‐domain effective velocities on their top and bottom points. We demonstrate our method using a synthetic model that consists of different compacted sediment layers characterized by monotonously increasing velocity, combined with hard rock layers, such as salt or basalt, characterized by constant fast velocities, and low velocity layers, such as gas pockets. We first show that, by using only the root‐mean‐square velocities and the corresponding vertical travel times (computed from the original instantaneous velocity in depth) as input for a Dix‐type inversion, many different vertical distributions of the instantaneous velocities can be obtained (inverted). Some geological constraints, such as limiting the values of the inverted vertical velocity gradients, should be applied in order to obtain more geologically plausible velocity profiles. In order to limit the non‐uniqueness of the inverted velocities, additional information should be added. We have derived three different inversion solutions that yield the correct instantaneous velocity, avoiding any a priori geological constraints. The additional data at the interface points contain either the average velocities (or depths) or the fourth‐order average velocities, or both. Practically, average velocities can be obtained from nearby wells, whereas the fourth‐order average velocity can be estimated from the quartic moveout term during velocity analysis. Along with the three different types of input, we consider two types of vertical velocity models within each interval: distribution with a constant velocity gradient and an exponential asymptotically bounded velocity model, which is in particular important for modelling thick layers. It has been shown that, in the case of thin intervals, both models lead to similar results. The method allows us to establish the instantaneous velocities at the top and bottom interfaces, where the velocity profile inside the intervals is given by either the linear or the exponential asymptotically bounded velocity models. Since the velocity parameters of each interval are independently inverted, discontinuities of the instantaneous velocity at the interfaces occur naturally. The improved accuracy of the inverted instantaneous velocities is particularly important for accurate time‐to‐depth conversion.
Seasonal time constraints reduce genetic variation in life‐history traits along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Sniegula Szymon , Golab Maria J. , Drobniak Szymon M. , Johansson Frank 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Time constraints cause strong selection on life‐history traits, because populations need to complete their life cycles within a shorter time. We therefore expect lower genetic variation in these traits in high‐ than in low‐latitude populations, since the former are more time‐constrained.

The aim was to estimate life‐history traits and their genetic variation in an obligately univoltine damselfly along a latitudinal gradient of 2730 km.

Populations were grown in the laboratory at temperatures and photoperiods simulating those at their place of origin. In a complementary experiment, individuals from the same families were grown in constant temperature and photoperiod that mimicked average conditions across the latitude.

Development time and size was faster and smaller, respectively, and growth rate was higher at northern latitudes. Additive genetic variance was very low for life‐history traits, and estimates for egg development time and larval growth rate showed significant decreases towards northern latitudes. The expression of genetic effects in life‐history traits differed considerably when individuals were grown in constant rather than simulated and naturally variable conditions.

Our results support strong selection by time constraints. They also highlight the importance of growing organisms in their native environment for correct estimates of genetic variance at their place of origin. Our results also suggest that the evolutionary potential of life‐history traits is very low at northern compared to southern latitudes, but that changes in climate could alter this pattern.
Single‐institution review of managing dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Tan Yu Guang , Chia Claramae S. , Loh Wei Liang , Teo Melissa Ching Ching 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundDermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare locally advanced soft‐tissue tumour that is often misdiagnosed at presentation, resulting in inadequate initial resection, requiring multiple resections and reconstructive procedures. We reviewed our experience and treatment outcomes with this tumour and propose a treatment strategy.MethodsA retrospective study on 25 patients with 26 lesions treated from 1997 to 2013 was conducted.ResultsThe median age of presentation was 44 years old and the median lesion size was 3.0 cm. The median number of resections required to achieve clear margins was 2. Eight per cent of lesions in the head and neck required a second surgery, significantly more than other regions (P = 0.004). Five patients had frozen section performed that allowed immediate re‐resection in all to obtain clear margins in 80% when final histology returned. Fourteen patients (56%) required reconstruction following wide excision, five of whom had DFSP in the head and neck. Four patients developed a local recurrence and had a repeat wide excision. The median time to recurrence was 11.3 months. Median follow‐up time was 29.8 months.ConclusionWide local excision with 2‐cm gross margins remains the mainstay of treatment. Lesions in the head and neck region tend to have smaller margins and a greater likelihood of positive margins. We propose that the initial resection must be aggressive, even if a flap is necessitated. Frozen section histology with immediate re‐resection reduces the need for repeat surgeries. Primary closure is ideal; but in areas where complex reconstruction is required, it is prudent to delay until final histology has cleared the margins.
Comparing growth charts demonstrated significant deviations between the interpretation of postnatal growth patterns in very preterm infants
Authors: Neubauer Vera , Fuchs Teresa , Griesmaier Elke , Pupp‐Peglow Ulrike , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared postnatal growth patterns calculated using different reference data in a large cohort of very preterm infants.MethodsThe weight, length and head circumference of 551 very preterm infants born in the Tyrol, Austria, between 2003 and 2011, were obtained at birth, discharge and the corrected ages of three, 12 and 24 months. Growth data are presented as Z‐scores in relation to four reference populations:LMSgrowth by Pan et al., Fenton preterm growth charts, the Euro‐Growth Study Group and the World Health Organization (WHO) Anthro programme.ResultsWe observed significant differences in mean weight Z‐scores using the four reference populations, with theWHOdata being the highest. The mean head circumference Z‐scores also differed significantly at all time points. We observed a pronounced gap in the microcephaly rate, which was 10 times higher at the age of 24 months if the Pan data were used instead of theWHOdata.ConclusionOur findings revealed significant deviations between the interpretation of postnatal growth depending on the reference data used, with the most striking differences seen in head circumference. The choice of reference data, and particularly the conclusions drawn from the data, must be interpreted with utmost care.
Identifying risk factors for child neglect in rural areas of western China
Authors: Li Q. , Zhong Y. , Chen K. , Zhong Z. , Pan J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackgroundChildren who are neglected can experience serious and lifelong consequences. Earlier identification of children at risk for child neglect might reduce the individual, medical and societal costs.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey using multi‐stage stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in Shaanxi and Chongqing from September 2012 to April 2013. The child neglect was measured by scale on child neglect in Rural China. The neglect rates between groups were compared with a chi‐squared test. Factors possibly associated with neglect were analysed with binary logistic regression. All analyses were conducted in 2014.ResultsA total of 4131 eligible participants (2094 boys and 2037 girls) from 21 schools were recruited. The overall prevalence of child neglect was 55.50%. Significant differences were found between children of Han nationality (53.07%) and children of minorities (68.76%) (P < 0.01); un‐left‐behind children (49.10%) and left‐behind children (61.65%) (P < 0.01); first‐born children (52.90%) and non‐first‐born children (59.04%) (P < 0.01); and children from one‐child families (47.87%) and children from multi‐child families (58.20%) (P < 0.01). Protective factors included one‐child families, being a girl and having a father with higher education. However, factors such as being left behind; being from a minority, step family or one‐parent family; or having a mother who rarely returns home placed children at increased risk of neglect.ConclusionsThe neglect rate of school‐aged children in rural areas of western China is much higher than that in urban areas and eastern China. Children belonging to minorities, step families and multi‐child families, whose mother seldom goes home, are at a higher risk of being neglected. The left‐behind children deserve more attention from government and researchers.
Heritability of young‐ and old‐onset ischaemic stroke
Authors: Bluher A. , Devan W. J. , Holliday E. G. , Nalls M. , Parolo S. , Bione S. , Giese A.‐K. , Boncoraglio G. B. , Maguire J. M. , Müller‐Nurasyid M. , Gieger C. , Meschia J. F. , Rosand J. , Rolfs A. , Kittner S. J. , Mitchell B. D. , O'Connell J. R. , Cheng Y.‐C. 
Published: September 2015

Background and purposeAlthough the genetic contribution to stroke risk is well known, it remains unclear if young‐onset stroke has a stronger genetic contribution than old‐onset stroke. This study aims to compare the heritability of ischaemic stroke risk between young and old, using common genetic variants from whole‐genome array data in population‐based samples.MethodsThis analysis included 4050 ischaemic stroke cases and 5765 controls from six study populations of European ancestry; 47% of cases were young‐onset stroke (age < 55 years). To quantify the heritability for stroke risk in these unrelated individuals, the pairwise genetic relatedness was estimated between individuals based on their whole‐genome array data using a mixed linear model. Heritability was estimated separately for young‐onset stroke and old‐onset stroke (age ≥ 55 years).ResultsHeritabilities for young‐onset stroke and old‐onset stroke were estimated at 42% (±8%, P < 0.001) and 34% (±10%, P < 0.001), respectively.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the genetic contribution to the risk of stroke may be higher in young‐onset ischaemic stroke, although the difference was not statistically significant.