bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Attributes of Open Standard File Formats for Long-term Preservation and Open Access
Authors: Park Eun G , Oh Sam 
Published: December 2012

This study examines the attributes that have been used to assess file formats in literature and compiles the most frequently used attributes of file formats in order to establish open standard file format selection criteria. A comprehensive review was undertaken to identify the current knowledge regarding file format selection criteria. The findings indicate that the most common criteria can be categorized into five major groups: functionality, metadata, openness, interoperability and independence. These attributes appear to be closely related. Additional attributes include presentation, authenticity, adoption, protection, preservation, reference and others.
Student Use of Library Computers: Are Desktop Computers Still Relevant in Today's Libraries?
Authors: Thompson Susan 
Published: December 2012

Academic libraries have traditionally provided computers for students to access their collections and, more recently, facilitate all aspects of studying. Recent changes in technology, particularly the increased presence of mobile devices, calls into question how libraries can best provide technology support and how it might impact the use of other library services. A two-year study conducted at California State University San Marcos library analyzed student use of the computers in the library, both the library’s own desktop computers and laptops owned by students. The results found that, despite the increased ownership of mobile technology by students, they still clearly preferred to use desktop computers in the library. It also showed that students who used computers in the library were more likely to use other library services and physical collections.
Robust fault tolerant control for a class of networked control systems with state delay and stochastic actuator failures
Authors: Wang Shenquan , Feng Jian , Zhang Huaguang 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYThis paper is concerned with the robust fault tolerant controller design of networked control systems (NCSs) with state delay and stochastic actuator failures. By utilizing the input delay approach, an equivalent continuous‐time generalized time delay system in both state and input is obtained. By applying a delay decomposition approach, the information of the delayed plant states can be taken into full consideration, and new delay‐dependent sufficient conditions that ensure the asymptotic mean‐square stability of NCSs with stochastic actuator failures are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). It is realized by employing a new Lyapunov–Krasovskii function in the decomposed integral intervals and directly handle the inversely weighted convex combination of quadratic terms of integral quantities with reciprocally convex combination technique. Moreover, the proposed approach involves neither slack variable nor any model transformation. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed method.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thiocyanate‐Free Ru(II) Sensitizers with a 4,4′‐Dicarboxyvinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine Anchor for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Kuan‐Lin , Ku Wan‐Ping , Wang Sheng‐Wei , Yella Aswani , Chi Yun , Liu Shih‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new class of thiocyanate‐free Ru(II) sensitizers with 4,4′‐dicarboxyvinyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine anchor and two trans‐oriented pyrid‐2‐yl pyrazolate (or triazolate) functional chromophores is synthesized, characterized, and evaluated in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Despite their enhanced red response and absorptivity when compared to the parent sensitizer TFRS‐2 that possesses standard 4,4′‐dicarboxyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine anchor and shows the best conversion efficiency of η = 9.82%, the newly synthesized carboxyvinyl‐pyrazolate sensitizers, TFRS‐11–TFRS‐13, exhibit inferior performance characteristics in terms of short‐circuit current density (JSC), open‐circuit voltage (VOC), and power conversion efficiency (η), the latter being recorded to be in the range 5.60–7.62%. The reduction in device efficiencies is attributed to a combination of poor packing of these sensitizers on the TiO2 surface and less positive ground‐state oxidation potentials, which, respectively, increase charge recombination with I3− in electrolytes and impede the regeneration of sensitizers by I− anions. The latter obstacle can be circumvented in part by the replacement of the pyrazolates with triazolates, forming the TFRS‐14 sensitizer, which exhibits an improved JSC, VOC, and η of 16.4 mAcm−2, 0.77 V, and 9.02%, respectively.
Exploring Third Metacarpal Capitate Facet Shape in Early Hominins
Authors: Rein Thomas R. , Harvati Katerina 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe joint between the capitate and third metacarpal plays an important role in stabilizing the manus during hand use in great apes and humans. Researchers have examined the morphology of this region in humans, our fossil relatives, and other extant primates to try to understand the importance of this joint in human evolution. The first goal of our research was to explore shape variation of the third metacarpal capitate facet across extant anthropoids, including hominoids, cercopithecoids, and platyrrhines. This analysis allowed us to examine the range of variation in the capitate facet and the degree to which locomotor behavior, phylogeny, and size explained shape variation. We also examined capitate facet shape in the early hominin fossil record in order to explore how the shape of this articular surface has changed during early hominin evolution. We captured six landmark coordinates on the edge of the capitate facet in extant anthropoids and fossil specimens to quantify and visualize shape variation in this region. We used principal components analysis, Procrustes distances, and multivariate regression analysis to investigate different possible influences on shape variation. We found that shape variation corresponded to function, phylogeny, and size. With the exception of brachiation, shape variation did not clearly correspond with any specific locomotor behavior. However, we identified a shift in the relative mediolateral breadth of the capitate facet during early hominin evolution, which is most likely one of several adaptations for a more stable joint surface. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastrointestinal absorption and metabolism of apple polyphenols ex vivo by the pig intestinal mucosa in the Ussing chamber
Authors: Deußer Hannah , Rogoll Dorothee , Scheppach Wolfgang , Volk Antje , Melcher Ralph , Richling Elke 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPolyphenols contained in food have various positive effects on human health. The absorption and metabolism of polyphenols in the intestinal tract needs to be studied to estimate these effects. The Ussing chamber technique was used to investigate the transport behavior of apple polyphenols through pig small intestinal mucosa, which served as a model for human gastrointestinal mucosa. The identities and concentrations of polyphenols and their metabolites in the half‐chambers (luminal and basolateral) within an incubation period of 4 h were determined by HPLC–MS/MS and HPLC–DAD (DAD = diode‐array detection). Flux values were also measured. It was found that 5‐caffeoylquinic acid and caffeic acid were absorbed and translocated to the basolateral side (1.9 and 3.7%, respectively), but other compounds, including glycosides of phloretin and quercetin, were observed without translocation. A Ussing chamber utilizing pig small intestinal mucosa is a suitable model for assessing the effect of apple polyphenols on mucosal integrity and nutrition absorption across porcine mucosa.
Price Fairness in the Case of Green Products: Enterprises' Policies and Consumers' Perceptions
Authors: Dekhili Sihem , Achabou Mohamed Akli 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the extent to which prices of ecological products are fair. In particular, it explores the gap that can exist between the pricing policies adopted by enterprises and the consumers' price expectations in terms of fairness. The existing academic literature on sustainable consumption neglects this question.Findings from a qualitative investigation combining a consumer study and enterprise case studies show that managers' behaviors vary. While some enterprises take into account consumers' expectations and purchasing power to propose a fair price based on the value of the green product, others continue to adopt a pricing policy that is exclusively based on profitability and competition. The authors draw some business and academic implications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Towards minimum achievable phase noise of relaxation oscillators
Authors: Geraedts Paul F. J. , van Tuijl Ed (A. J. M.) , Klumperink Eric A. M. , Wienk Gerard J. M. , Nauta Bram 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA relaxation oscillator design is described, which has a phase noise rivaling ring oscillators, while also featuring linear frequency tuning. We show that the comparator in a relaxation‐oscillator loop can be prevented from contributing to 1/f2 colored phase noise and degrading control linearity. The resulting oscillator is implemented in a power efficient way with a switched‐capacitor circuit. The design results from a thorough analysis of the fundamental phase noise contributions. Simple expressions modeling the theoretical phase noise performance limit are presented, as well as a design strategy to approach this limit. To verify theoretical predictions, a relaxation oscillator is implemented in a baseline 65 nm CMOS process, occupying 200 µm × 150 µm. Its frequency tuning range is 1–12 MHz, and its phase noise is L(100kHz) = −109dBc/Hz at fosc = 12MHz, while consuming 90 μW. A figure of merit of −161dBc/Hz is achieved, which is only 4 dB from the theoretical limit. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transistor size optimization in digital circuits using ant colony optimization for continuous domain
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Ghosh Bahniman 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this paper, ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is presented, as a tool to find transistor sizes in digital circuits. Performance of ACO has been tested on four digital circuits, of different complexity, to find optimum balance between power and delay of circuits. Optimization problem has been set up by first, formulating an objective function, to be minimized, for each circuit and then finding the values of variables of circuits, using optimization algorithm. For the purpose of examining the results, circuits are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) also. Results show that, ACO performs better than GA, for all the four circuits, in finding optimized transistor sizes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin Crossover in a 3,5‐Bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate‐Bridged Dinuclear Iron(II) Complex [{Fe(NCBH3)(py)}2(μ‐L1)2] – Powder versus Single Crystal Study
Authors: Schneider Caspar J. , Cashion John D. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Etrillard Céline , Fuentealba Mauricio , Howard Judith A. K. , Létard Jean‐François , Milsmann Carsten , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Sparkes Hazel A. , Batten Stuart R. , Murray Keith S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe structural characteristics and physical properties of the 3,5‐bis(2‐pyridyl)‐1,2,4‐triazolate (L1) bridged dinuclear iron(II) spin‐crossover complex [{Fe(NCBH3)(py)}2(μ‐L1)2] (1) in both powder (1p) and single crystal (1c) forms have been investigated. Both forms of [{Fe(NCBH3)(py)}2(μ‐L1)2] display a thermally induced spin transition; however, the transitions have different T1/2 values and different degrees of spin conversion. Both forms display the photomagnetic light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) effect as well as reverse LIESST and have been compared by Raman spectral and powder X‐ray diffraction methods, which indicate that they are polymorphs. The single crystal form 1c shows a “half” spin transition and has been further characterised at temperatures above and below the spin transition by low temperature crystallographic methods including single crystal LIESST experiments (at 40 K) and by Mössbauer spectroscopy; thus, the nature of the [HS‐LS] form and the different spin isomers were revealed. To complement the experimental results, compound 1 and several other related FeII dinuclear spin‐crossover compounds have been evaluated by quantum‐chemical DFT calculations. Additionally, the susceptibilities for the powder form 1p, which displays a complete two‐step spin‐crossover, were also fitted to a phenomenological model for dinuclear spin‐crossover complexes.
Total Synthesis of Eupomatilones 1, 2, and 5 by Enantioselective [2,3]‐Wittig Rearrangement
Authors: Hirokawa Yoshimi , Kitamura Maria , Mizubayashi Makoto , Nakatsuka Rie , Kobori Yuya , Kato Chiharu , Kurata Yuki , Maezaki Naoyoshi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this study, the asymmetric total synthesis of eupomatilones 1, 2, and 5 has been accomplished. These compounds are lignan congeners containing a biaryl system bearing an α‐methylene γ‐lactone. They were isolated from the Australian shrub Eupomatia bennettii. Two chiral centers were constructed enantioselectively by the asymmetric [2,3]‐Wittig rearrangement of highly oxygenated biaryl compounds, using a bis(oxazoline) chiral ligand. Optimization of the key reaction using nBuLi as the base and ether as the co‐solvent increased the enantioselectivity to 88–91 % ee.
A ketogenic diet increases brown adipose tissue mitochondrial proteins and UCP1 levels in mice
Authors: Srivastava Shireesh , Baxa Ulrich , Niu Gang , Chen Xiaoyuan , L. Veech Richard 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of feeding a ketogenic diet (KD) for a month on general physiology with emphasis on brown adipose tissue (BAT) in mice. KD did not reduce the caloric intake, or weight or lipid content of BAT. Relative epididymal fat pads were 40% greater in the mice fed the KD (P = 0.06) while leptin was lower (P < 0.05). Blood glucose levels were 30% lower while D‐β‐hydroxybutyrate levels were about 3.5‐fold higher in the KD group. Plasma insulin and leptin levels in the KD group were about half of that of the mice fed NIH‐31 pellets (chow group). Median mitochondrial size in the interscapular BAT (IBAT) of the KD group was about 60% greater, whereas the median lipid droplet size was about half of that in the chow group. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins were increased (1.5–3‐fold) and the uncoupling protein 1 levels were increased by threefold in mice fed the KD. The levels of PPARγ, PGC‐1α, and Sirt1 in KD group were 1.5–3‐fold while level of Sirt3 was about half of that in the chow‐fed group. IBAT cyclic AMP levels were 60% higher in the KD group and cAMP response element binding protein was 2.5‐fold higher, suggesting increased sympathetic system activity. These results demonstrate that a KD can also increase BAT mitochondrial size and protein levels. © 2012 IUBMB Life,
65(1):58–66, 2013
Theoretical Study of Nucleophilic Identity Substitution Reactions at Nitrogen, Silicon and Phosphorus versus Carbon: Reaction Pathways, Energy Barrier, Inversion and Retention Mechanisms
Authors: Ding Yan‐Li , Mu Ji‐Rong , Gong Li‐Dong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGas‐phase identity SN2(N), SN2(Si) and SN2(P) versus SN2(C) reactions with Cl− are investigated by the ab initio method. Front‐side attack identity SN2 reactions considered have all double‐well potential energy surfaces (PES), and back‐side attack identity SN2(C) and SN2(N) reactions have also double‐well PES, while back‐side attack identity SN2(Si) and SN2(P) have single‐well PES. In addition, the geometrical transformations, potential energy profiles of front‐side and back‐side attack identity SN2(N), SN2(Si) and SN2(P) versus SN2(C) reactions based on the IRC calculations are described, the differences between them for the front‐side or back‐side attack reactions have been demonstrated.
A TD‐DFT Study on the Effect of Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding on the Photophysical Properties of N‐Methyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide
Authors: Yang Da‐Peng , Li Hui , Liu Yu‐Fang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the photophysical properties of N‐methyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide (2) has been investigated by time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) method. The UV and IR spectra of 2 monomer and its hydrogen‐bonded complexes formed with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE) 2+TFE and 2+2TFE have been calculated, which confirm the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between the carbonyl groups of the aromatic imide and the hydroxyl group of the polyfluorinated alcohol. The absorption and fluorescence intensities going from 2 monomer via hydrogen‐bonded complex 2+TFE to 2+2TFE were found to be gradually enhanced with the wavelength gradually red‐shifted. The enhancements of the fluorescence intensities from 2 monomer to hydrogen‐bonded complexes 2+TFE and 2+2TFE were attributed to the decrease of the intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiency from the first excited singlet state S1 1(ππ*) to the second excited triplet state T2 3(nπ*), whose energy was increased relative to its ground state due to the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions.
Study on Diffusion Mechanisms and Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers at the Pre‐anodized Inlaying Ultrathin Carbon Paste Electrode
Authors: Huo Jing‐e , Shang‐guan En‐bo , Wang Qiao‐tian , Li Quan‐min 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper, nichrome was adopted as a substrate, to fabricate the pre‐anodized inlaying ultrathin carbon paste electrode (PAIUCPE). The electrochemical behaviors and diffusion mechanisms of three dihydroxybenzene isomers at the electrode were carefully investigated. The effect of pH on oxidation peak current was also detailedly explained. The results were shown that oxidation peak current not only related to the reaction of electroactive materials at the working electrode, but also depended on the reaction variable of reduction at the auxiliary electrode. The oxidation peaks of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC) and resorcinol (RC) located at 0.181 V, 0.288 V and 0.736 V. For CC, RC and HQ, the oxidation peak currents were linear to the concentrations at the range of 5.0 × 10−6∼5.0 × 10−4 mol/L, 3.0 × 10−6∼5.0 × 10−4 mol/L and 4.0 × 10−6∼4.0 × 10−4 mol/L with the detection limits of 2.0 × 10−7 mol/L, 1.2 × 10−7 mol/L and 1.2 × 10−7 mol/L, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers in artificial sewage samples with satisfactory results.
Metal‐Porphyrin Orbital Interactions in Paramagnetic Iron Complexes Having Planar and Deformed Porphyrin Ring
Authors: Nakamura Mikio , Ikezaki Akira , Takahashi Masashi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of iron porphyrin complexes are determined mainly by the spin densities at the peripheral carbon and nitrogen atoms caused by the interaction between paramagnetic iron 3d and porphyrin molecular orbitals. This review describes how the half‐occupied iron 3d orbitals such as dπ(dxz, dyz), dxy, d, and d‐ interact with a specific porphyrin molecular orbital and affect the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts in planar, ruffled, saddled, and domed complexes. Revealing the relationship between the orbital interactions and NMR chemical shifts is quite important to determine the fine electronic structures of synthetic iron porphyrin complexes as well as naturally occurring heme proteins.
Glyceollins, a novel class of soy phytoalexins, inhibit angiogenesis by blocking the VEGF and bFGF signaling pathways
Authors: Lee Sun H. , Lee Jongkook , Jung Myung H. , Lee You M. 
Published: December 2012

ScopeGlyceollins are a novel class of soybean phytoalexins with potential cancer‐preventive and antiestrogenic effects. The angiogenic cascade during tumor development consists of the release of angiogenic factors and binding of angiogenic factors to receptors on endothelial cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. However, the potential medicinal value of glyceollins, especially in antiangiogenesis, remains unexplored.Methods and resultsHere, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of glyceollins and their underlying mechanisms. Glyceollins inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced in vitro angiogenic activity. Glyceollins inhibited VEGF receptor‐2 or FGF receptor‐1 activity and their downstream signaling pathways such as extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, as well as p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase induced by VEGF or bFGF. Glyceollins significantly suppressed VEGF receptor‐2 kinase activity assayed by the ELISA. Glyceollins significantly attenuated in vivo and ex vivo microvessel development in a dose‐dependent manner and tumor growth by suppressing microvessel density in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse xenograft.ConclusionThus, glyceollins, elicited ingredients of soy source, target the signaling pathways mediated by VEGF or bFGF, providing new perspectives into potential therapeutics for preventing and treating hypervascularized diseases including cancer.
Convergence analysis for hyperbolic evolution problems in mixed form
Authors: Boffi Daniele , Buffa Annalisa , Gastaldi Lucia 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present a convergence analysis for the space discretization of hyperbolic evolution problems in mixed form. The results of previous work on parabolic equations are extended to this situation, showing the relationships between the approximation of the underlying eigenvalue problem and the space discretization of the evolution problem. The theory is applied to the finite element approximation of the wave equation in mixed form and to the Maxwell equations. Some numerical results confirm the theory and make clear how a scheme that does not provide a spectrally correct discretization can perform badly when applied to the approximation of the evolution problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The diversification of charities: from religion‐oriented to for‐profit‐oriented fundraising
Authors: Saunders Stephen Graham 
Published: December 2012

Charities are increasingly relying on more complex and diversified fundraising structures to raise funds and attract benefactors. In adopting a historic perspective, this research identified five emergent fundraising structures, namely religion‐oriented, business‐oriented, marketing‐oriented, consumer‐oriented, and for‐profit‐oriented. The analysis critically evaluates the role that institutions and resources have played in each funding structure and draws conclusions concerning the management of charitable fundraising in a world where charitable fundraising, consumerism, and social media networking are increasingly entwined with the for‐profit motive.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.