bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual and socially learned preferences for biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.) in sheep
Authors: Thomas D. T. , Milton J. T. B. , Revell C. K. , Ewing M. A. , Lindsay D. R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis study examined how sheep develop a learned aversion to the annual legume biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.). Merino sheep were grazed on paddocks sown with either (i) biserrula, (ii) biserrula + ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.), (iii) crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), (iv) crimson clover + ryegrass or (v) ryegrass, for 4 weeks. Relative preference (Chesson–Manly selection index) was determined by offering randomly ordered monoculture plots of the three forage species. The groups of sheep were then combined into a single group and grazed a paddock containing a monoculture sward of each plant type for 5 d. Relative preference of sheep was tested again after the completion of the combined grazing. The experiment was repeated at three stages of plant phenology: vegetative, reproductive and senesced. Relative preference for biserrula was lower in sheep that had grazed the paddock sown with only biserrula compared with sheep that grazed a combination of biserrula + ryegrass, at both the vegetative (α; −0·11 vs. 0·32) and reproductive (α; 0·18 vs. 0·63) stages. At each stage of phenology, when groups were combined and grazed together, preference for biserrula became uniform. This supported the hypothesis that sheep develop an aversion to biserrula when they graze a pasture containing biserrula. However, we concluded that the familiarity of sheep with biserrula did not result in low relative preference; rather, the aversion was more likely a response to the high proportion of this plant in their diet. Social facilitation may have enabled sheep to overcome rapidly the food aversion.
BRECHT'S POEMS IN ENGLISH: THE OLD AND THE NEW
Authors: Kuhn Tom 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTBrecht can look easy to translate. His very clearly directed gestures of communication make his verse accessible and translatable. But he is an extraordinarily prolific and varied poet. When we look a little closer, some of the very same things that seemed on the face of it easy make it hard to capture the spirit of his verse: the laconic, slightly elevated register, for example, the subtle distortions of the vernacular and the many intercultural and intertextual references. There have been few attempts at translation so far (partly for reasons of copyright), but it is possible to identify three phases: Brecht's own contemporaries, the translations collected by the pioneering John Willett (with Ralph Manheim and Michael Hamburger) in the 1970s, and now a new generation. While paying tribute to the earlier translators, it is easy to find fault with what there is so far in print. The time is ripe for a new set of translations, both more faithful (above all to the structure of Brecht's own collections), and at the same time more daring in its solutions. A new AHRC‐funded project offers an opportunity to launch new translations, and at the same time to reflect on the processes of ‘Englishing’ Brecht, past and present.Brecht zu übersetzen kann einfach erscheinen. Seine äußerst eindeutig gerichteten Gesten der Kommunikation machen seine Lyrik zugänglich und übersetzbar. Er ist aber auch ein außergewöhnlich produktiver und vielseitiger Dichter. Außerdem erschweren es bei genauerem Hinsehen eben jene Merkmale, die oberflächlich betrachtet einfach erschienen, den Nerv der Lyrik adäquat zu treffen. Darunter fallen zum Beispiel das lakonische, leicht gehobene Register, die subtilen Verzerrungen der Umgangssprache, und die vielen interkulturellen und intertextuellen Referenzen und Anspielungen. Bisher gab es nur wenige Übersetzungsversuche (teilweise aus Urheberrechtsgründen), aber drei Phasen sind identifizierbar: Brechts Zeitgenossen, die gesammelten Übersetzungen des Vorreiters John Willett (zusammen mit Ralph Manheim und Michael Hamburger) aus den 1970ern, und nun eine neue Generation von Übersetzern. Obwohl den frühen Übersetzern Tribut gezollt wird, ist es zur gleichen Zeit recht einfach, die vorhandenen Veröffentlichungen zu beanstanden. Die Zeit für eine neue Sammlung von Übersetzungen ist gekommen, welche sowohl werkgetreuer (besonders in Bezug auf die Struktur von Brechts eigenen Sammlungen) als auch zur gleichen Zeit kühner in ihren Lösungen ist. Ein neues, vom AHRC finanziertes Projekt bietet die Möglichkeit, neue Übersetzungen zu etablieren, und gleichzeitig die Prozesse der ‘Verenglischung’ von Brecht, damals und heute, zu reflektieren.
Sexuality and body image following treatment for early‐stage vulvar cancer: a qualitative study
Authors: Barlow Ellen L. , Hacker Neville F. , Hussain Rafat , Parmenter Glenda 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo describe women's experiences of sexuality and body image following treatment for early‐stage vulvar cancer.BackgroundThere is limited information available on sexual function following treatment for early‐stage vulvar cancer. A review of the literature has shown a lack of qualitative investigation into this topic. This study was undertaken to address this deficiency and to add to the existing body of knowledge describing the psychosexual outcomes for these women.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsA qualitative approach based on interpretive phenomenology was used to interview a purposive sample of 10 women (mean age 58 years) who had previously been treated for an early‐stage vulvar cancer. Interviews were conducted from June–October 2009. Data were generated from verbatim transcription of the semi‐structured in‐depth interviews. Thematic analysis of these data revealed themes that were common to the women's experiences of sexuality and body image.FindingsFour themes were identified that described the structure of the experience. Only two of these themes, sexuality and body image, will be discussed in this paper.ConclusionsFindings from this study indicated that the majority of women experienced little to no long‐term disruption to sexuality and body image following conservative treatment for early‐stage vulvar cancer. Intimacy and relationship status were more closely linked to women's sexual satisfaction than physical arousal. Factors contributing to women experiencing negative emotions were radical vulvar excision, multiple vulvar procedures and/or the development of lymphoedema.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Cranberry Capsules to Prevent Urinary Tract Infection in Long‐Term Care Facilities: Economic Evaluation with a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: van den Hout Wilbert B. , Caljouw Monique A. A. , Putter Hein , Cools Herman J. M. , Gussekloo Jacobijn 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo investigate whether the preventive use of cranberry capsules in long‐term care facility (LTCF) residents is cost‐effective depending on urinary tract infection (UTI) risk.DesignEconomic evaluation with a randomized controlled trial.SettingLong‐term care facilities.ParticipantsLTCF residents (N = 928, 703 female, median age 84), stratified according to UTI risk.MeasurementsUTI incidence (clinically or strictly defined), survival, quality of life, quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), and costs.ResultsIn the weeks after a clinical UTI, participants showed a significant but moderate deterioration in quality of life, survival, care dependency, and costs. In high‐UTI‐risk participants, cranberry costs were estimated at €439 per year (1.00 euro = 1.37 U.S. dollar), which is €3,800 per prevented clinically defined UTI (95% confidence interval = €1,300–infinity). Using the strict UTI definition, the use of cranberry increased costs without preventing UTIs. Taking cranberry capsules had a 22% probability of being cost‐effective compared with placebo (at a willingness to pay of €40,000 per QALY). In low‐UTI‐risk participants, use of cranberry capsules was only 3% likely to be cost‐effective.ConclusionIn high‐UTI‐risk residents, taking cranberry capsules may be effective in preventing UTIs but is not likely to be cost‐effective in the investigated dosage, frequency, and setting. In low‐UTI‐risk LTCF residents, taking cranberry capsules twice daily is neither effective nor cost‐effective.
Vulnerability Risk Index Profile for Elder Abuse in a Community‐Dwelling Population
Authors: Dong XinQi , Simon Melissa A. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo develop a vulnerability index for elder abuse in a community‐dwelling population.DesignPopulation‐based.SettingGeographically defined community in Chicago.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (N = 8,157) who participated in the Chicago Health and Aging Project (CHAP); 213 were reported to social services agency for suspected elder abuse.MeasurementsA nine‐item vulnerability index for elder abuse was constructed from sociodemographic, health‐related, and psychosocial factors. The outcomes of interest were reported and confirmed elder abuse. Logistic regression models were used to determine the accuracy of the index with respect to elder abuse outcomes.ResultsFor every 1‐point increase in the vulnerability index, there was twice the risk of reported (OR = 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.00–2.40) and confirmed (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.94–2.47) elder abuse. Older adults with three to four vulnerability index items had greater risk than the reference group (no elder abuse) of reported (OR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.98–4.49) and confirmed (OR = 3.90, 95% CI = 2.07–7.36) elder abuse, and the risk of reported (OR = 18.46, 95% CI = 12.15–28.04) and confirmed (OR = 26.79, 95% CI = 14.18–50.61) elder abuse was 18 and 27 times as great, respectively, in older adults with five or more risk index items. Statistically derived receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves ranged from 0.77 to 0.84 for predicting reported elder abuse and from 0.79 to 0.86 for predicting confirmed elder abuse.ConclusionThe vulnerability risk index demonstrates value for identifying individuals at risk of elder abuse. Additional studies are needed to validate this index in other community‐dwelling populations.
Decrease in Daytime Sleeping Is Associated with Improvement in Cognition After Hospital Discharge in Older Adults
Authors: Dzierzewski Joseph M. , Fung Constance H. , Jouldjian Stella , Alessi Cathy A. , Irwin Michael R. , Martin Jennifer L. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the relationship between changes in objectively assessed sleep and global cognitive functioning from inpatient postacute rehabilitation to 6‐month follow‐up.DesignSecondary analysis of two prospective, longitudinal studies.SettingInpatient rehabilitation units at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center.ParticipantsOlder adults (mean age 73.8 ± 9.4) undergoing inpatient rehabilitation (n = 192).MeasurementsAll participants completed 7 nights and days of ambulatory sleep monitoring using wrist actigraphy (yielding an estimate of nighttime wakefulness and daytime sleep) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) during a postacute inpatient rehabilitation stay and 6 months after discharge. The 5‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, Geriatric Pain Measure, and Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics were completed during inpatient rehabilitation.ResultsGrowth curve modeling (controlling for baseline age, education, sex, body mass index, depression, pain, and comorbidity burden) revealed that individuals whose amount of daytime sleep decreased from inpatient postacute rehabilitation to 6‐month follow‐up also experienced improvements in MMSE score (β= −0.01, t(80 = −3.22, P = .002)). Change in nighttime wakefulness was not a significant predictor of change in MMSE score.ConclusionOlder adults whose daytime sleeping decreased after hospital discharge also experienced improvements in cognitive functioning at 6 month follow‐up. As such, daytime sleep may represent a promising candidate for targeted interventions aimed at promoting cognitive recovery after hospital discharge.
Assessing Mobility Difficulties for Cross‐National Comparisons: Results from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health
Authors: Capistrant Beatrix D. , Glymour M. Maria , Berkman Lisa F. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the correspondence between self‐reported and measured indicators of mobility disability in older adults in six low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).DesignCross‐sectional analysis of Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE).SettingHousehold surveys in China, India, Russia, South Africa, Ghana, and Mexico.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling SAGE respondents aged 65 and older (N = 12,215).MeasurementsObjective mobility was assessed according to a 4‐m timed walk at normal pace conducted in the respondent's home; slow walking speed was defined according to the Fried frailty criteria (lowest quintile of walking speed, adjusted for age and height). Self‐reported mobility difficulty was assessed according to a question about ability to walk 1 km; this response was dichotomized into any versus no self‐reported difficulty walking 1 km (reference no difficulty). The age‐ (5‐year groups) and sex‐specific probability of self‐reporting difficulty walking 1 km was estimated in those with a measured slow walk using logistic regression.ResultsBetween 42% and 76% of people aged 65 and older reported any difficulty walking 1 km. Average walking speed was slowest in Russia (0.61 m/s) and fastest in China (0.88 m/s). The probabilities of reporting any difficulty walking 1 km in women aged 65 to 69, for example, with a slow walk varied (China = 0.35, India = 0.90, Russia = 0.68, South Africa = 0.81, Ghana = 0.91, Mexico = 0.73; test of country differences P < .001). There was significant variation at older ages, albeit smaller in magnitude. Patterns were similar for men.ConclusionAlthough correspondence between an objective and self‐reported measure of mobility was generally high, correspondence differed significantly between LMICs. International comparisons of self‐reported disability measures for clinical, prevention, and policy guidelines in LMICs should consider that self‐reported data may not correspond to objective measures uniformly between countries.
Difference in Muscle Quality over the Adult Life Span and Biological Correlates in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Moore Ann Zenobia , Caturegli Giorgio , Metter E. Jeffrey , Makrogiannis Sokratis , Resnick Susan M. , Harris Tamara B. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo examine differences in a proxy measure of muscle quality across the adult life span and explore potential mechanisms of muscle quality change through identification of cross‐sectional correlates of muscle quality.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingBaltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.ParticipantsSeven hundred eighty‐six individuals with a mean age of 66.3 (range 26–96) (N = 786). A sensitivity analysis was conducted in a subset of participants matched according to sex, muscle mass, and body size.MeasurementsMuscle quality was operationalized as the ratio of knee‐extension strength (isokinetic dynamometry) to thigh muscle cross‐sectional area (computed tomography). Differences in muscle strength, muscle area, and muscle quality ratio with age were evaluated, and the association between the muscle quality ratio and measures reflecting domains of cognitive function, motor control, peripheral nerve function, adiposity, glucose homeostasis, and inflammation were assessed through multivariate regression analyses.ResultsA linear relationship between age and muscle quality ratio was observed, suggesting a gradual decline in muscle quality over the adult life course. Associations were observed between muscle quality ratio and measures of adiposity, as well as peroneal nerve motor conduction velocity, finger tapping speed, and memory performance (P < .01). The association between muscle quality ratio and nerve conduction velocity was maintained after adjustment for anthropometric measurements (P < .05).ConclusionMuscle quality declines progressively with age over the adult life span and is affected by obesity and neurological factors. Studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of these associations and their implications for functional outcomes.
Quality of Care of Older People Living with Advanced Dementia in the Community in Israel
Authors: Sternberg Shelley , Bentur Netta , Shuldiner Jennifer 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo examine the quality of end‐of‐life (EOL) care of older people with advanced dementia (OPAD) living in the community.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe second largest preferred provider organization in Israel.ParticipantsPrimary family caregivers ofOPAD(N = 117; 52 bereaved caregivers, 65 still caring forOPAD).MeasurementsPrimary outcome measures were quality‐of‐EOL‐care scales regarding symptom management at theEOLwith dementia (SM‐EOLD) and comfort assessment in dying at theEOLwith dementia (CAD‐EOLD).ResultsCaregivers reported a mean symptom management score of 29 ± 9.8 points (range 0–45 points), indicating poor symptom management in the areas of pain, shortness of breath, fear, skin breakdown, and resistiveness to care. In a multiple regression model, less comorbidity, longer duration of dementia, greater caregiver education, and absence of caregiver depression predicted betterSM‐EOLD. The 52 bereaved caregivers reported a meanCAD‐EOLDscore of 31.3 ± 6.7 points (range 14–42 points), indicating poor comfort around dying, especially difficulty swallowing and discomfort.ConclusionBecause of the high rates of suffering, there is a need to address the complexity and severity of symptoms and problems faced byOPADin the community and their caregivers. The priorities should include education of healthcare providers on palliative care, focusing especially on symptom‐management needs ofOPADand comfort around dying.
A Material Flow Accounting Case Study of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area using the Urban Metabolism Analyst Model
Authors: Rosado Leonardo , Niza Samuel , Ferrão Paulo 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis article describes a new methodological framework to account for urban material flows and stocks, using material flow accounting (MFA) as the underlying method. The proposed model, urban metabolism analyst (UMAn), bridges seven major gaps in previous urban metabolism studies: lack of a unified methodology; lack of material flows data at the urban level; limited categorizations of material types; limited results about material flows as they are related to economic activities; limited understanding of the origin and destination of flows; lack of understanding about the dynamics of added stock; and lack of knowledge about the magnitude of the flow of materials that are imported and then, to a great extent, exported.To explore and validate the UMAn model, a case study of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area was used. An annual time series of material flows from 2003 to 2009 is disaggregated by the model into 28 material types, 55 economic activity categories, and 18 municipalities. Additionally, an annual projection of the obsolescence of materials for 2010–2050 was performed. The results of the case study validate the proposed methodology, which broadens the contribution of existing urban MFA studies and presents pioneering information in the field of urban metabolism. In particular, the model associates material flows with economic activities and their spatial location within the urban area.
Identification of a novel pathway involving a GATA transcription factor in yeast and possibly in plant Zn uptake and homeostasis
Authors: Milner Matthew J. , Pence Nicole S. , Liu Jiping , Kochian Leon V. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTo gain a better understanding of the regulation of Zn homeostasis in plants and the degree of conservation of Zn homeostasis between plants and yeast, a cDNA library from the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulating plant species, Noccaea caerulescens, was screened for its ability to restore growth under Zn limiting conditions in the yeast mutant zap1Δ. ZAP1 is a transcription factor that activates the Zn dependent transcription of yeast genes involved in Zn uptake, including ZRT1, the yeast high affinity Zn transporter. From this screen two members of the E2F family of transcription factors were found to activate ZRT1 expression in a Zn independent manner. The activation of ZRT1 by the plant E2F proteins involves E2F‐mediated activation of a yeast GATA transcription factor which in turn activates ZRT1 expression. A ZRT1 promoter region necessary for activation by E2F and GATA proteins is upstream of two zinc responsive elements previously shown to bind ZAP1 in ZRT1. This activation may not involve direct binding of E2F to the ZRT1 promoter. The expression of E2F genes in yeast does not replace function of ZAP1; instead it appears to activate a novel GATA regulatory pathway involved in Zn uptake and homeostasis that is not Zn responsive.
Spiritual resources and work engagement among religious workers: A three‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Bickerton Grant R. , Miner Maureen H. , Dowson Martin , Griffin Barbara 
Published: January 2014

This study explores relationships between spiritual resources, job resources, and work engagement among 496 Australian religious workers at three time points over a period of 18 months. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources theory and Job Demands‐Resources model, spiritual resources are conceptualized as a distinct category of personal resources significant for this occupational cohort. Results of structural equation modelling analysis did not support the hypothesis of reciprocal relationships between spiritual and job resources and work engagement. Instead, spiritual resources had a positive cross‐lagged effect on work engagement, and work engagement had a positive cross‐lagged effect on job resources. When the high stability of spiritual resources over time was accounted for, work engagement had a negative indirect effect on spiritual resources over time mediated by a negative effect of job resources on spiritual resources (suppression effect). Spiritual resources emerge as an important category of antecedent resources for work engagement among religious workers. However, it appears that motivated religious workers may prioritize energy investments into increasing job resources at the expense of maintaining and developing spiritual resources. Practically, this research provides evidence for the promotion of initiatives to foster spiritual resources that enhance resilience and well‐being among religious workers.Practitioner points

Spiritual resources are an under‐researched category of personal resources that positively predict work engagement among religious workers.

Religious organizations and individual religious workers need to invest energy in the ongoing development of spiritual resources to maintain motivation for this unique type of work.

Managers need to be aware that a focus on enhancing job resources and work engagement can have deleterious effects on religious workers' spiritual resources and so threaten their ongoing work engagement.