bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic nanoparticles from different fuel blends: in vitro toxicity and inflammatory potential
Authors: Gualtieri Maurizio , Capasso Laura , D'Anna Andrea , Camatini Marina 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTDespite the well‐established link between particulate vehicle emissions and adverse health effects, the biological effects produced by ultrafine particles generated from fuel combustion need to be investigated. The biological impact of nano‐sized organic carbon particles in the size range 3–7 nm, obtained from an engine fuelled with a standard diesel and four diesel fuels doped with additives of commercial interest is reported. Our data showed that the number of particles &#60; 10 nm is to a very small extent reduced by diesel particle filters, despite its ability to trap micrometric and submicrometric particulates, and that there is a correlation between the additives used and the chemical characteristics of the nanoparticles sampled. The results show that the different nano‐sized organic carbon particles induce cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects on the in vitro systems A549 (epithelial cells) and BEAS‐2B (bronchial cells). All the fuels tested are able to induce the release of proinflammatory interleukins 8 and 6; moreover, the IC50 values show that the additives can increase the toxic potential of particles 10 times. Further analyses are therefore needed to better define the potential impact of organic ultrafine particles on human health. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of sonographic cervical length in labor induction at term
Authors: Papillon‐Smith Jessica , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to review the literature examining the role of ultrasound in the induction of labor. Databases including Ovid, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and UpToDate were searched and current guidelines from the SOGC, the ACOG, the RCOG, and the RANZCOG were reviewed. Although studies have not demonstrated the superiority of cervical sonography to the Bishop score, the evidence indicates that sonography could be useful in planning induction of labor, significantly reducing the need for cervical ripening agents. A more comprehensive method integrating both sonography and digital exam may be more appropriate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:7–16, 2015
A novel difficulty scoring system for laparoscopic liver resection
Authors: Ban Daisuke , Tanabe Minoru , Ito Hiromitsu , Otsuka Yuichiro , Nitta Hiroyuki , Abe Yuta , Hasegawa Yasushi , Katagiri Toshio , Takagi Chisato , Itano Osamu , Kaneko Hironori , Wakabayashi Go 
Published: September 2014

Abstract Early on, laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) was limited to partial resection, but major LLR is no longer rare. A difficulty scoring system is required to guide surgeons in advancing from simple to highly technical laparoscopic resections. Subjects were 90 patients who had undergone pure LLR at three medical institutions (30 patients/institution) from January 2011 to April 2014. Surgical difficulty was assessed by the operator using an index of 1–10 with the following divisions: 1–3 low difficulty, 4–6 intermediate difficulty, and 7–10 high difficulty. Weighted kappa statistic was used to calculate the concordance between the operators' and reviewers' (expert surgeon) difficulty index. Inter‐rater agreement (weighted kappa statistic) between the operators' and reviewers' assessments was 0.89 with the three‐level difficulty index and 0.80 with the 10‐level difficulty index. A 10‐level difficulty index by linear modeling based on clinical information revealed a weighted kappa statistic of 0.72 and that scored by the extent of liver resection, tumor location, tumor size, liver function, and tumor proximity to major vessels revealed a weighted kappa statistic of 0.68. We proposed a new scoring system to predict difficulty of various LLRs preoperatively. The calculated score well reflected difficulty.
Synovial fluid replication in knee wear testing: An investigation of the fluid volume
Authors: Reinders Jörn , Sonntag Robert , Kretzer Jan Philippe 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWear testing cannot replicate the variations in wear rates and wear mechanisms seen in vivo, which may be related to differences between in vivo and in vitro conditions. A considerable difference exists between the in vivo synovial fluid volume (few milliliter) and the in vitro substituted bovine serum volume (several hundred milliliter). The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a reduced fluid volume on the wear behavior in a knee wear simulator study. Four wear tests with decreasing fluid volumes (250, 150, 75, and 45 ml) were carried out. Using a large fluid volume of 250 ml for wear testing resulted in a wear rate of 9.7 ± 1.2 mm3/106 cycles. Decreasing the fluid volume consecutively reduced the wear rate to down to 8.8 ± 1.4 mm3/106for 150 ml (p = 1.00), 5.6 ± 1.2 mm3/106for 75 ml (p = 0.01), and 1.0 ± 0.2 mm3/106cycles for 45 ml fluid volume (p ≤ 0.01). Additionally, higher serum degradation and larger wear particles were observed with smaller fluid volumes used for testing. This study demonstrates the high relevance of the protein‐based lubricant on the wear behavior and the technical limitation to replicate the synovial fluid in simulator tests. Wear testing should be carried out using larger fluid volumes (e.g., 250 ml) to generate physiological relevant wear masses. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:92–97, 2015.
Enhancement of the bioactive compound content in strawberry fruits grown under iron and phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Valentinuzzi Fabio , Mason Marco , Scampicchio Matteo , Andreotti Carlo , Cesco Stefano , Mimmo Tanja 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmong berries, strawberry fruits are one of the richest natural sources of health‐beneficial components such as micronutrients, antioxidants and phytochemicals. Strawberry quality depends greatly upon genotype, environmental factors, cultivation techniques and nutrient supply. This study aimed to assess the influence of phosphorus and iron deficiency on the bioactive compound content in strawberry fruits grown under hydroponic conditions.RESULTSDifferent nutrient supplies clearly influenced the qualitative parameters of strawberry fruits. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that three homogeneous clusters could be identified. The three treatments (control, iron deficiency and phosphorus deficiency) differed especially because of their phenolic compounds and antioxidant potential, the strawberry fruits grown under Fe and P deficiency being richer in pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside, benzoic acids and flavonols than the control fruits.CONCLUSIONNutrient deficiency had a positive effect on nutritional parameters of strawberry fruits without impairing fruit yield and quality parameters such as acidity, firmness and total soluble solid content. The shaping of nutrient availability in the growing medium could thus be of help in producing an edible yield with the desired qualitative aspects and nutritional value. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxalate synthesis in leaves is associated with root uptake of nitrate and its assimilation in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants
Authors: Liu Xiao Xia , Zhou Kai , Hu Yan , Jin Rong , Lu Ling Li , Jin Chong Wei , Lin Xian Yong 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDExcessive accumulation of oxalate in numerous vegetables adversely affects their quality as food. While it is known that nitrate could effectively stimulate oxalate accumulation in many vegetables, little information is available about the mechanism of nitrate‐induced oxalate accumulation. In this study, we examined the association of oxalate synthesis with nitrate uptake and assimilation in two genotypes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), Heizhenzhu and Weilv.RESULTSIncreasing nitrate levels resulted in enhanced synthesis of oxalate, as well as increased root uptake of nitrate and leaf activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) for both genotypes. Correlation analysis revealed that oxalate accumulation in spinach leaves was positively related with rate of nitrate uptake by roots, as well as leaf activities of NR and GS. Addition of plasmalemma H+‐ATPase inhibitor sodium vanadate (Na3VO4) significantly decreased leaf oxalate accumulation in both genotypes. Presence of NR or GS inhibitors led to reduction of leaf oxalate contents, GS/NR activities and decreased nitrate uptake rate. Significantly higher levels of nitrate root uptake, leaf NR and GS activities were observed in the high‐oxalate genotype Heizhenzhu than in Weilv.CONCLUSIONOxalate synthesis in leaves of spinach is not only positively associated with root uptake of nitrate, but also with its assimilation within the plants. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Accommodation and convergence in integral imaging 3D display
Authors: Deng Huan , Wang Qiong‐Hua , Luo Cheng‐Gao , Liu Chun‐Ling , Li Chen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the visual fatigue of integral imaging three‐dimensional (3D) display by studying the accommodation and convergence when viewing the integral imaging 3D images. The theoretical analyses show that there is no inconsistency between the accommodation and convergence distances, which means that the integral imaging 3D display has no visual fatigue. Experiments are implemented, and the results finally demonstrate the rationality of the theoretical analyses. These analyses can be quite beneficial for researchers to better understand the performances and promote the practical applications of the integral imaging 3D display.
A Market and Spatial Perspective of Health Tourism Destinations: The Hungarian Experience
Authors: Jónás‐Berki Mónika , Csapó János , Pálfi Andrea , Aubert Antal 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSince health tourism is one of the most popular and most dynamically developing products of modern tourism, this paper aims at studying the characteristic features of health tourism destinations from a regional and spatial perspective. Accordingly, the authors would like to introduce a new approach of spatial and product analysis of tourism where the market and spatial relations and relevance of health tourism were analysed through the example of Hungary. Although the classic medical tourism centres were established on natural medical water basis, by today, due to product diversification, continuous innovation and the involvement of medical services into health tourism, the geographical embeddedness seems to disappear, thus basically restructuring the market. The methodological novelty of the research is that exceeding the classic supply–demand algorithm, we compiled a complex viewpoint system adequate to the specialities of the given product characteristics. In our study, the authors intend to survey the special characteristics of health tourism focusing on medical destinations through Hungarian examples since the country's leading position in the global market is well recognized, including medical services. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarization independent broadband terahertz antireflection by deep‐subwavelength thin metallic mesh
Authors: Ding Lu , Wu Qing Yang Steve , Teng Jing Hua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBroadband antireflection coatings for passive terahertz (THz) components are extremely important in the application of THz technology. Metallic nano‐films are commonly used for this purpose. Here a new approach to realize polarization independent broadband antireflection in THz range, based on a meta‐surface design is experimentally demonstrated. The internal reflection of a broadband THz pulse (spectral bandwidth of 0.06 – 4 THz) at a Si/air interface can be fully suppressed with a Cr square mesh with deep‐subwavelength dimensions. Small nonuniformity of the meta‐surface structure can enhance the tolerance on structural parameters for achieving the AR condition. The design concept is applicable to other metals and frequency ranges as well, which opens a new window for future AR coatings.
Determination of mycotoxin exposure in Germany using an LC‐MS/MS multibiomarker approach
Authors: Gerding Johannes , Cramer Benedikt , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

ScopeIn this study, the exposure of a German population (n = 101) to mycotoxins was assessed using an LC‐MS/MS urinary multibiomarker approach. Food consumption of the participants was documented with a food frequency questionnaire to correlate mycotoxin exposure with individual nutritional habits.Methods and resultsThe presence of 23 urinary biomarkers including trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), DON‐3‐glucuronide (DON‐3‐GlcA), T‐2 toxin, HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2, HT‐2‐toxin‐4‐glucuronide (HT‐2‐GlcA), fumonisins (fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2), aflatoxins (aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin M1), zearalenone and derivatives (zearalanone, α‐zearalenol, β‐zearalenol, zearalenone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, zearalanone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, α‐zearalenol‐14‐O‐glucuronide/β‐zearalenol‐14‐O‐glucuronide), ochratoxin A, ochratoxin alpha, enniatin B and dihydrocitrinone was evaluated using a validated, sensitive “dilute and shoot”‐LC‐MS/MS method applying Scheduled MRMTM technology. Six mycotoxins and urinary metabolites were detected (DON, DON‐3‐GlcA, zearalenone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, T‐2 toxin, enniatin B, and dihydrocitrinone) in 87% of the samples in single‐ or co‐occurence. Only DON and DON‐3‐GlcA were detectable in quantifiable amounts. A provisional mean daily intake of 0.52 μg DON/kg body weight was calculated. No statistical evidence for the correlation of staple food intake and urinary biomarker concentration could be determined.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest a low everyday exposure of the investigated German population to mycotoxins, but reveal peak exposures above the widely accepted tolerable daily intake to DON in parts of the population.
Functional characterization of CDX2 during bovine preimplantation development in vitro
Authors: Goissis Marcelo D. , Cibelli Jose B. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYPlacental defects are common in bovine embryos produced using assisted reproductive techniques. A proper understanding of the events leading to inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) specification could help identify the origins of such developmental failures. We focused on caudal‐type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) since it has a specific role during TE differentiation in mouse embryos. Of all the preimplantation stages analyzed, CDX2 protein was present only at the blastocyst stage. To further understand the roles of CDX2 during bovine development, we depleted CDX2 mRNA; despite a significant loss of detectable protein, embryos were able to form blastocysts at the same rate as controls. Embryos lacking CDX2 did not show abnormalities in the number of TE, ICM, or total cells in the blastocyst. Expression of the developmentally important genes SOX2, POU5F1, and NANOG, or TE markers such as IFN‐T and KRT18 were not affected by the reduction in CDX2 levels, nor was the localization of SOX2 and POU5F1 protein. Using a functional barrier assay, we observed that the TE epithelial layer of embryos lacking CDX2 had lost its integrity. Our results thus indicate that CDX2 is not required for TE formation during bovine development; nevertheless, it is necessary for maintaining TE integrity. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 962–970, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous fat saturation and magnetization transfer contrast imaging with steady‐state incoherent sequences
Authors: Zhao Feng , Nielsen Jon‐Fredrik , Swanson Scott D. , Fessler Jeffrey A. , Noll Douglas C. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeThis work combines an n‐dimensional fat sat(uration) radiofrequency (RF) pulse with steady‐state incoherent (SSI) pulse sequences, e.g., spoiled gradient‐echo sequence, to simultaneously produce B0 insensitive fat suppression and magnetization transfer (MT) contrast. This pulse is then referred to as “fat sat and MT contrast pulse.”TheoryWe discuss the features of the fat sat and MT contrast pulse and the MT sensitivities of the SSI sequences when combining with fat sat. Moreover, we also introduce an adapted RF spoiling scheme for SSI sequences with fat sat. Methods: Simulations and phantom experiments were conducted to demonstrate the adapted RF spoiling. Fat suppression and MT effects are shown in 3T phantom experiments and in vivo experiments, including brain imaging, cartilage imaging, and angiography.ResultsTo ensure that the sequence reaches steady state, the adapted RF spoiling is required for fat sat SSI sequences. Fat sat and MT contrast pulse works robustly with field inhomogeneity and also produces MT contrasts.ConclusionSSI sequences with fat sat and MT contrast pulse and adapted RF spoiling can robustly produce fat suppressed and MT contrast images in the presence of field inhomogeneity. Magn Reson Med 74:739–746, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac function after hematopoietic cell transplantation: An echocardiographic cross‐sectional study in young adults treated in childhood
Authors: Genberg M. , Öberg A. , Andrén B. , Hedenström H. , Frisk P. , Flachskampf F.A. 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) including preparative regimens with chemotherapy and total body irradiation (TBI) is an accepted treatment for many malignant disorders but may have side‐effects for several organs, including the cardiovascular system. The aim of this study was to study very long‐term consequences on cardiac function after childhood HCT.ProcedureCardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography and levels of NT‐proBNP and growth hormone (GHmax) in 18 patients, at a median of 18 years after HCT including TBI, and in 18 matched controls.ResultsPatients after HCT had cardiac dimensions, volumes, and left ventricular ejection fractions within normal range after correction for body size. However, compared with the control group, patients after HCT had significantly lower E/A ratio, as a measure of left ventricular diastolic function, significantly lower fractional shortening and mitral annular plane systolic excursion, as measures of left ventricular systolic function, significantly lower tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, as a measure of right ventricular function, and significantly higher NT‐proBNP, as a measure of total cardiac function. Also, pulmonary flow acceleration time was shorter in the group after HCT, indicating possible pulmonary involvement. Heart rate was significantly higher and GHmax significantly lower in patients after HCT.ConclusionsAlmost two decades after HCT, including preparative regimens with TBI, cardiac function in patients was found to be within normal range. However, when compared with a healthy control group, patients after HCT showed lower systolic and diastolic left ventricular function as well as lower right ventricular function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:143–147. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physics‐based enzyme design: Predicting binding affinity and catalytic activity
Authors: Sirin Sarah , Pearlman David A. , Sherman Woody 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTComputational enzyme design is an emerging field that has yielded promising success stories, but where numerous challenges remain. Accurate methods to rapidly evaluate possible enzyme design variants could provide significant value when combined with experimental efforts by reducing the number of variants needed to be synthesized and speeding the time to reach the desired endpoint of the design. To that end, extending our computational methods to model the fundamental physical–chemical principles that regulate activity in a protocol that is automated and accessible to a broad population of enzyme design researchers is essential. Here, we apply a physics‐based implicit solvent MM‐GBSA scoring approach to enzyme design and benchmark the computational predictions against experimentally determined activities. Specifically, we evaluate the ability of MM‐GBSA to predict changes in affinity for a steroid binder protein, catalytic turnover for a Kemp eliminase, and catalytic activity for α‐Gliadin peptidase variants. Using the enzyme design framework developed here, we accurately rank the most experimentally active enzyme variants, suggesting that this approach could provide enrichment of active variants in real‐world enzyme design applications. Proteins 2014; 82:3397–3409. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Termite (order Blattodea, infraorder Isoptera) baiting 20 years after commercial release
Authors: Evans Theodore A , Iqbal Naeem 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTermite baiting is now one of the two main management tools in developed countries after 20 years of commercial release. It has two main goals: to use small amounts of active ingredient and ‘colony elimination’, i.e. death of all individuals in the colony. We consider how well baiting has been evaluated from 100 studies in the scientific literature. Studies have included 15 active ingredients, 23 termite species and 16 countries, yet most studies have focused on the chitin synthesis inhibitor hexaflumuron,Reticulitermesand the United States. Baiting has mostly met its goals: typically about 0.5 g of active ingredient was used, and colony elimination achieved, albeit with rates varying from 0 to 100%, and sometimes supplemented with liquid insecticide. Baiting was most successful using chitin synthesis inhibitors againstReticulitermesandCoptotermes(Rhinotermitidae), in temperate locations, although colony elimination was usually inferred indirectly – mostly by termite absence from baits – and was often slow, from 25 to 450 days. Baiting has been less tested and less successful against higher termites in tropical locations, where they are most diverse and abundant. Future research may have to consider greater termite species diversity and other active ingredients to reduce control times in order to fulfil the potential of baiting. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
TSSL: improving SSL/TLS protocol by trust model
Authors: Asadzadeh Kaljahi Maryam , Payandeh Ali , Ghaznavi‐Ghoushchi Mohammad Bagher 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTransport Layer Security (TLS) is the most popular security protocol of the transport layer. It is widely used to provide basic security services of authentication, confidentiality, and integrity of sensitive data. It is carried out in critical untrusted networks between client and server entities, such as e‐commerce and online transactions. Despite multiple capabilities, TLS protocol is vulnerable to the malicious server attacks that may cause a serious threat to TLS‐based e‐commerce communications. This should be considered as the first problem of this protocol. The other problem of TLS is sending many messages during the handshake phase for providing a successful negotiation and a secure communication. So, this phase is the most complex and time‐consuming phase of the TLS protocol. This causes decreasing of service capacity and using more time. We are going to propose a new protocol based on trust model called “TSSL protocol” in this paper. This model is used to conquer the disadvantages with security of the TLS protocol. Through this paper, it is going to be indicated that the proposed model has higher levels in both security and performance compared with the conventional TLS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.