bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin in breast cancer - an evolving mystery
Authors: Camacho Laura , Dasgupta Atreyi , Jiralerspong Sao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMetformin, a diabetes drug with well-established side effect and safety profiles, has been widely studied for its anti-tumor activities in a number of cancers, including breast cancer. But its mechanism of action in the clinical arena remains elusive. In a window of opportunity trial of metformin in non-diabetic breast cancer patients, Dowling and colleagues examined both the direct actions of the drug on cancer cells (as mediated by AMP kinase), as well as its indirect actions (as mediated by circulating insulin). The data suggest that short-term administration of metformin in this setting has anti-tumor effects significantly involving the indirect, insulin-dependent pathway. The role of the direct pathway remains to be determined. This study represents an important step forward in establishing one of several possible mechanisms for metformin, information that will be useful in determining candidate biomarkers to evaluate in large clinical trials of metformin, such as the ongoing NCIC CTG MA.32 trial of adjuvant metformin. The potential significance of these data for metformin in the treatment of breast cancer is discussed here.
Inferring pathway dysregulation in cancers from multiple types of omic data
Authors: MacNeil Shelley M , Johnson William E , Li Dean Y , Piccolo Stephen R , Bild Andrea H 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlthough in some cases individual genomic aberrations may drive disease development in isolation, a complex interplay among multiple aberrations is common. Accordingly, we developed Gene Set Omic Analysis (GSOA), a bioinformatics tool that can evaluate multiple types and combinations of omic data at the pathway level. GSOA uses machine learning to identify dysregulated pathways and improves upon other methods because of its ability to decipher complex, multigene patterns. We compare GSOA to alternative methods and demonstrate its ability to identify pathways known to play a role in various cancer phenotypes. Software implementing the GSOA method is freely available from https://bitbucket.org/srp33/gsoa.
Effect of a single injection of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) on tendon healing in equine naturally occurring tendinopathies
Authors: Geburek Florian , Lietzau Maren , Beineke Andreas , Rohn Karl , Stadler Peter M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Autologous blood-derived biologicals, including autologous conditioned serum (ACS), are frequently used to treat tendinopathies in horses despite limited evidence for their efficacy. The purpose of this study was to describe the effect of a single intralesional injection of ACS in naturally occurring tendinopathies of the equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) on clinical, ultrasonographic, and histological parameters.

Methods
Fifteen horses with 17 naturally occurring tendinopathies of forelimb SDFTs were examined clinically and ultrasonographically (day 0). Injured tendons were randomly assigned to the ACS-treated group (n = 10) receiving a single intralesional ACS injection or included as controls (n = 7) which were either untreated or injected with saline on day 1. All horses participated in a gradually increasing exercise programme and were re-examined nine times at regular intervals until day 190. Needle biopsies were taken from the SDFTs on days 0, 36 and 190 and examined histologically and for the expression of collagen types I and III by immunohistochemistry.

Results
In ACS-treated limbs lameness decreased significantly until day 10 after treatment. Swelling (scores) of the SDFT region decreased within the ACS group between 50 and 78 days after treatment. Ultrasonographically, the percentage of the lesion in the tendon was significantly lower and the echogenicity of the lesion (total echo score) was significantly higher 78 and 106 days after intralesional ACS injection compared to controls. Histology revealed that, compared to controls, tenocyte nuclei were more spindle-shaped 36 days after ACS injection. Immunohistochemistry showed that collagen type I expression significantly increased between days 36 and 190 after ACS injection.

Conclusions
Single intralesional ACS injection of equine SDFTs with clinical signs of acute tendinopathy contributes to an early significant reduction of lameness and leads to temporary improvement of ultrasonographic parameters of repair tissue. Intralesional ACS treatment might decrease proliferation of tenocytes 5 weeks after treatment and increase their differentiation as demonstrated by elevated collagen type I expression in the remodelling phase. Potential enhancement of these effects by repeated injections should be tested in future controlled clinical investigations.
New hybrid shrinking projection algorithm for common fixed points of a family of countable quasi-Bregman strictly pseudocontractive mappings with equilibrium and variational inequality and optimization problems
Authors: Xu Yongchun , Su Yongfu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to introduce and consider a new hybrid shrinking projection algorithm for finding a common element of the set of solutions of a system of equilibrium problems, the set of solutions of a system of variational inequality problems, the set of solutions of a system of optimization problems, the common fixed point set of a uniformly closed family of countable quasi-Bregman strictly pseudocontractive mappings in reflexive Banach spaces. Strong convergence theorems have been proved under the appropriate conditions. The main innovative points in this paper are as follows: (1) the notion of the uniformly closed family of countable quasi-Bregman strictly pseudocontractive mappings is presented and the useful conclusions are given; (2) the relative examples of the uniformly closed family of countable quasi-Bregman strictly pseudocontractive mappings are given in classical Banach spaces $l^{2}$

l
2

and $L^{2}$

L
2

; (3) the hybrid shrinking projection method presented in this paper modified some mistakes in the recent result of Ugwunnadi et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:231, 2014). These new results improve and extend the previously known ones in the literature.
Migration and educational aspirations – Another channel of brain gain?
Authors: Böhme Marcus H 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInternational migration not only enables individuals to earn higher wages but also exposes them to new environments. The norms and values experienced in destination countries can change the behavior of migrants and also of family members left behind. This paper suggests that brain gain can take place due to a change in the educational aspirations of caregivers in migrant households. Estimates for Moldova show that international migration raises parental aspirations in households located at the lower end of the human capital distribution. The identification of these effects relies on GDP growth shocks in the destination countries and migration networks. These results imply that aspirations are a highly relevant determinant of intergenerational human capital transfer and that even temporary international migration can shift human capital formation to a higher steady state by inducing higher educational aspirations among caregivers.JEL classification:D03, O12, I21, J61.
Guided bone regeneration using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-cross-linked type-I collagen membrane with biphasic calcium phosphate at rabbit calvarial defects
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Jung Im-Hee , Kim You-Kyoung , Lim Hyun-Chang , Lee Jung-Seok , Jung Ui-Won , Choi Seong-Ho 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background

In-vitro
and animal studies using EDC cross-linked membranes have shown great resistance to enzymatic digestion as well as low cytotoxicity, and indicated its potential expediency as a barrier membrane for guided bone regeneration (GBR). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, biocompatibility and degradation kinetics of a novel 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC)-cross-linked type I collagen membrane for regeneration of rabbit calvarial defects. EDC cross-linked type I collagen membrane and macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) consisting of 60 % hydroxyapatite and 40 % β-tricalcium phosphate were used in this study. Four circular defects (ø = 8 mm) were created in each calvarium of 12 male white rabbits. The experimental groups randomly allocated to the defects were as follows – (1) sham control, (2) EDC-cross-linked collagen membrane (EDC membrane), (3) bone graft (BG), and (4) bone graft with collagen membrane (B-EDC membrane). Specimens were harvested at 2 weeks (
n
= 6) and 8 weeks (
n
= 6) postoperatively for observational histology and histometrical analysis.

Result
The histologic observation showed close adaptation of the EDC membrane to the defect perimeters along with vascularization of the membrane at 2 weeks. Direct apposition of new bone on to the collagen matrix could be observed displaying adequate tissue integration. Collapsing of the central portion of the membrane could be seen in the EDC membrane group, and both BG and B-EDC membrane groups showed greater total augmented area and new bone area than the EDC membrane group. The membrane was largely unresorbed at 2 weeks; and at 8 weeks the overall shape of the membrane was still maintained suggesting sustained barrier function at 8 weeks.

Conclusion
Within the limits of this study, it may be concluded that EDC-cross-linked collagen membrane is a safe biomaterial with adequate tissue integration and resorption kinetics to support bone regeneration when used in conjunction with bone filler.
Multimedia Technology in Teaching Professionally-Oriented Communication in a Foreign Language
Authors: Ращупкина  , Rashchupkina K. 
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the use of multimedia technology in teaching professionally-
oriented communication in a foreign language in a higher educational
institution.The author thoroughly describes the advantages of
multimedia in studying process, touches upon the information and communication
technology within the framework of contemporary educational
paradigm, underlines the importance and topicality of use of multimedia
in language education. Such kinds of problem search tasks as hot list and
web-quest are considered within the competence approach. The author
gives different kinds of methods and technology of foreign (English) language
teaching in a higher educational institution with the help of multimedia,
offers internet-resourses for language education.
Learning to Communicate in Russian as a Foreign Language: the Principles, Methods, Techniques, Results
Authors: Буханцева  , Bukhantseva Yu. 
Published: June 2015

The principle of learning is the basic category of any technique. In teaching
Russian as a foreign language is recommended to follow the principles, is a
system of components. The author in the article reflects the most effective
methods and techniques of training trials.
It is known that training is only effective when students exhibit cognitive
activity and interest. Therefore, taking into account the interests of learners,
allocated special teaching methods, while properly integrating them to better
learn the language.
Knowledge of systems identified in the research process of learning Russian
as a foreign language will simplify the process of language teaching
in the classroom, in accordance with its laws, to display the content of the
educational material, to choose the most appropriate forms and methods
of teaching, thereby gradually achieving efficiency of mastering RCTs. Foreigners
can freely acquire communication in Russian, Russian language
to understand and apply this knowledge in practice, if the right to build the
learning trials, taking into account the basic principles outlined in this article.
Manipulative Potential of Creolized Text
Authors: Вашунина  , Vashunina Irina 
Published: June 2015

Possibilities of implementation of manipulative strategy using creolized texts
are considered in the article. Texts with the illustrations can be used as
implementation tactics of evasion from the topic means, also can be used
repetition, pulling out the words of the of context, crushing, fragmented filing
information, creating allusions, unification of images of the language consciousness,
imposing images, melioration, creating of positive evaluation,
pejorarus, of creating of negative evaluation.
Analysis of legal acts on combating corruption in Ukraine
Authors: Новгородцев Виктор , Novgorodtsev Viktor 
Published: June 2015

The article presents an analytical review of the new legislation adopted in Ukraine, which reflects the main directions of the reform in the field of legislation in the organs of public service and local government, as well as addresses the issues of financial accountability of political parties to ensure reviewing anti-corruption programs in the structure of state bodies, carrying out monitoring in the field of public procurement, amendments to the judicial system and the criminal justice agencies, ensuring free competition and the establishment of responsibility for bribery for persons working in private companies. According to the results of the analytical review it can be concluded that the country has adopted a number of innovations: created the National Agency, which is addressing issues in the field of prevention of corruption as a central executive body with special status; formed a list of specific restrictions on the use of official position in the preparation of gifts; limited capacity of public servants, the leading career concurrently; introduced regulated fundamental rules of ethical conduct for civil servants; strengthened financial control (paying special attention to providing the declaration of income); the legislator specified persons having authority to assist in the fight against corruption; conducted special checks of candidates applying to practice high-level government posts.
Based on the analysis of new laws adopted in Ukraine, the author marked obstacles to the effective fight against corruption in the country, the main ones are corruption in public procurement, the judiciary and criminal justice authorities in the activities of executive bodies in the private sector, as well as the virtual absence of responsibility for bribery of persons working in private companies, special forfeiture rules for all corruption-related crimes, guaranteeing the protection of corruption whistleblowers and the unified state register of legal persons involved in corruption.
Legislation on administrative responsibility for violation of fire safety: Analysis of changes over the past decade
Authors: Татарян Владилен , Tataryan Vladilen , Татарян Елена , Tataryan Elena 
Published: June 2015

This article analyzes the federal law on administrative responsibility for violation of fire safety requirements. The authors, in particular, studied and analyzed in detail the federal laws, which the legislator over the last decade that made very substantial changes and additions to the relevant articles of the Administrative Code (the Administrative Code), as well as considered the changes that have occurred with these norms, the regularities and the correlation between the legislative wording and the social, economic and political changes taking place in a specific historical period of development of the state.
The authors make proposals for the development of this legislation, to simplify its use for law enforcers, to clarify the meaning of legal wording.
The process of fundamental reform of federal legislation providing for responsibility for the violation of fire safety requirements, has not yet been completed, but because the current deputies of the sixth convocation of the State Duma of the Russian Federation together with the scientists and administrative officers of the Federal State supervising the fire safety laws have yet to resolve a number of contentious issues and conflicts, related to the proper application of the relevant administrative procedures.
The role of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in crime prevention measures
Authors: Семерикова Алла , Semerikova Alla 
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the problem of crime prevention in the Russian Federation at the present stage. The article analyzes the role of the constitution in the mechanism of prevention of crime, through empirical analysis of the determinants of criminal behavior as a whole, which is based on a sample survey on the topic &#34;What are the legal action, in your opinion, crucial in the process of crime prevention?&#34; The study surveyed two groups of respondents : the first group is consisted of experts and criminologists, law enforcement officials, the second - the average people in the street without a legal education and specialized knowledge in combating and prevention of crimes.
This article deals with the concept of the constitutional crime and crimes against constitutional rights and freedoms. The main instrument of crime prevention can be regarded as the constitutional authorities of social services aimed at providing social and legal services, to carry out social rehabilitation of people who need help; institutions involved in legal education, explaining the essence of the fundamentally inalienable rights and freedoms; as well as political parties, movements, foundations, religious organizations, representatives of which are engaged in educational and preventive work with citizens. The reasons of the inefficiency of measures aimed at preventing the constitutional crimes are identified, including defining the role for the dominant ideology of wealth, imposed on us from outside. The system of measures is suggested for the most effective prevention of crime and minimization of constitutional possible negative consequences of committing crimes against constitutional rights and freedoms. The article substantiates the position that a person, its rights and freedoms are the supreme value in the state.
Sources of law of the British colony Quebec in the last third of the XVIII century: the problem of choice
Authors: Котов Сергей , Kokotov Sergey 
Published: June 2015

A distinctive feature of modern Canada is the dualism of its legal system. This means that in the country there are two systems of law - continental (Roman-German) and Anglo-Saxon (precedent). Each of these systems differ in their approaches to the understanding of law and justice implementation. However, the main difference is due to the fact that each of these systems relies on its own sources of law. If the basis of the criminal and private law in general, and the federation of nine provinces in particular is common (case) law of England, in the province of Quebec are used English (basically) criminal law and French civil law in its origin.
Historically, this was due to the fact that at the time of the conquest of the colony of New France (now Quebec) in the XVIII century it had a relatively developed legal system, including the system of administration of justice. At the heart of the local sources of law were kutyums of Paris, supplementing ordinances of the French kings. Inclusion of New France in the possession of the English Crown was for the new authorities a precedent - the first time in the history of the British colonial empire it acquired a part of the territory with a Christian population and European law.
In fact, the British colonial authorities had to make a choice, which was to determine the vector of further legal development of not only the newly conquered colony, but the whole of British North America. According to the rules of English case law the medieval English monarch (as sovereign) could either admit the law to of its new ownershipin force at the time of the conquest, or introduce there English law in force at the time. In view of the prevailing circumstances of the specific historical issue of the replacement of French law (including sources and the administration of justice) in English it turned out to be extremely difficult from the socio-political and a formal legal point of view.
This article analyzes the problems encountered during the initial stage of the legal system of the British colony of Quebec and, in particular, of the sources of its territorial law.
Romana Laskowskiego koncepcja opisu kategorii rodzaju w języku polskim
Authors: Bobrowski Ireneusz 
Published: June 2015

Roman Laskowski’s concept of grammatical gender in Polish
Probably the most elaborate intellectual construct in Roman Laskowski’s morphology is his schematic presentation of the bridgeheads linking grammatical gender in Polish nouns to verbs, adjectives, and numerals. Although it occupies just two pages of print, to complete this study Laskowski had to analyze thousands of syntactic diagnostic contexts. The present paper tries to recall and comment on Laskowski’s original concept of grammatical gender in Polish.
Jednostka najróżniejsze na tle operacji semantycznej stopniowania
Authors: Grochowski Maciej 
Published: June 2015

The unit najróżniejsze ‘all sorts of’ against the background of the semantic operation of grading
The paper presents a detailed semantic and syntactic analysis of such linguistic units in Polish as różne, najróżniejsze, and a preliminary description of such units as przeróżne, najprzeróżniejsze. The following hypotheses are substantiated: 1. The adjectives różny, przeróżny are not gradable; 2. The sequences najróżniejsze, najprzeróżniejsze resemble the superlative form of adjectives, but are separate linguistic units, and not in fact superlatives.
Problemy z Rozmyślaniem przemyskim
Authors: Mika Tomasz 
Published: June 2015

Problems with Rozmyślanie przemyskie. Formulating general judgements, and the multilayered structure of the mediaeval text
The paper analyses the largest Polish mediaeval apocrypha, Rozmyślanie przemyskie. Using this example, the author shows the difficulty of formulating general judgments about mediaeval texts with a multilayered structure. The differences between the subsequent versions of the text prove to be rather large in the case of Rozmyślanie przemyskie. For this reason, even the assignment of the monument’s language to a specific dialectal base may apply to no more than a single layer of the text and, as a result, Red Ruthenian features may be found to co-appear with Lesser Polish ones. The author proposes that Rozmyślanie przemyskie displays both the vestiges of the original structure of the text, and traits of a new structure introduced by the last copyist. It is him who gave a title to the text, divided it in two, and added a considerable part of section titles. Therefore, we need to revise our current view that the last copyist was responsible for no more than the introduction of multiple mistakes into the text, and for incorporating into it the voice that was originally located in the margins and between the lines.
O szczególnej pozycji spójnikowych predykatów asocjatywnych
Authors: Topolińska Zuzanna 
Published: June 2015

On the special status of associative conjunction predicates
In the word class of conjunctions, the paper discerns: (a) exponents of associative predicates, i.e. predicates which connect/link events/propositions by way of a simple association, (b) exponents of temporal links between events, and (c) exponents of causal links between events.
The author discusses certain special uses of Polish associative predicates formalized as conjunctions, and concludes that they are also characteristic of the corresponding class of predicates in other languages. She emphasizes their domination in the oral communication and comments on their ability to appear in the secondary function of quasi-particles.