bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syngas production by biogas reforming over the Co-based multicomponent catalysts
Authors: Itkulova Sholpan , Zakumbaeva Gaukhar , Mukazhanova Aliya , Nurmakanov Yerzan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The new multicomponent Co-based catalysts with additives of group 8 metal and rare earth elements and supported on alumina have been tested in the dry and steam conversion of a model biogas. The processes were carried out in a flow quartz reactor under the following conditions: atmospheric pressure, a gas hourly space velocity of 1000 h−1 and temperatures of 300–800°C. The catalysts were characterised using electron microscopy, BET and X-ray analysis.
The methane is almost completely converted in the dry reforming of biogas at T≤800°C. Synthesis gas with a ratio of H2/CO>1.0 is a main product of biogas reforming over the multicomponent catalysts studied. Adding steam in a feed composition increases both the methane conversion and the hydrogen yield at lower temperatures. Almost complete methane conversion occurs at T<750°C in the steam reforming of biogas. The catalysts are highly effective and exhibit stable activity throughout 100 h of continuous testing.
Life satisfaction and risk of burnout among men and women working as physiotherapists
Authors: Śliwiński Zbigniew , Starczyńska Małgorzata , Kotela Ireneusz , Kowalski Tomasz , Kryś-Noszczyk Karolina , Lietz-Kijak Danuta , Kijak Edward , Makara-Studzińska Marta 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Prediction of liquefaction potential and pore water pressure beneath machine foundations
Authors: Fattah Mohammed , Al-Neami Mohammed , Jajjawi Nora 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present research is concerned with predicting liquefaction potential and pore water pressure under the dynamic loading on fully saturated sandy soil using the finite element method by QUAKE/W computer program. As a case study, machine foundations on fully saturated sandy soil in different cases of soil densification (loose, medium and dense sand) are analyzed. Harmonic loading is used in a parametric study to investigate the effect of several parameters including: the amplitude frequency of the dynamic load. The equivalent linear elastic model is adopted to model the soil behaviour and eight node isoparametric elements are used to model the soil. Emphasis was made on zones at which liquefaction takes place, the pore water pressure and vertical displacements develop during liquefaction. The results showed that liquefaction and deformation develop fast with the increase of loading amplitude and frequency. Liquefaction zones increase with the increase of load frequency and amplitude. Tracing the propagation of liquefaction zones, one can notice that, liquefaction occurs first near the loading end and then develops faraway. The soil overburden pressure affects the soil liquefaction resistance at large depths. The liquefaction resistance and time for initial liquefaction increase with increasing depths. When the frequency changes from 5 to 10 rad/sec. (approximately from static to dynamic), the response in displacement and pore water pressure is very pronounced. This can be attributed to inertia effects. Further increase of frequency leads to smaller effect on displacement and pore water pressure. When the frequency is low; 5, 10 and 25 rad/sec., the oscillation of the displacement ends within the period of load application 60 sec., while when ω = 50 rad/sec., oscillation continues after this period.
Simple Orbit and Attitude Control Using Vacuum Arc Thrusters for Picosatellites
Authors: Kronhaus Igal , Schilling Klaus , Pietzka Mathias , Schein Jochen 
Published: May 2014

The possibility of maintaining a group of picosatellites in a bounded formation using very low-power electric propulsion (less than 2 W) is presented. A model predictive controller is used to develop a simple control scheme that avoids the need for an online orbit determination system. The control law, verified using a high-fidelity propagator, is capable of maintaining pairs of picosatellites within a range less than 1500 km with an average [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] per month. To reduce power demands, a combined thruster-based orbit and attitude control system is used. Attitude accuracy is shown to be better than 0.5 deg. A suitable vacuum arc thruster propulsion system is presented, designed specifically for a one-unit CubeSat. The combined attitude-orbit control, the simplicity of the control law, and the proposed propulsion system provide an important advantage for implementation in a picosatellite with extremely limited resources.
Predicting threat of climate change to the Chinese grouse on the Qinghai—Tibet plateau
Authors: Lyu Nan , Sun Yue‐Hua 
Published: May 2014

The Chinese grouse Tetrastes sewerzowi is restricted to small mountain areas on the southeastern edge of Qinghai—Tibet plateau. Recent evidence indicates that the global climate has undergone rapid change. To assess the potential effects of climate change on Chinese grouse, we applied a maximum‐entropy modeling (MaxEnt) method to predict the current and future distributions of this species for three time periods: 2020, 2050 and 2080 in two greenhouse‐gas emissions scenarios (A2a and B2a), which assume a medium and a lower increase in CO2 emissions, respectively. Our modeling revealed that: 1) the size of suitable areas for grouse will decline over time, especially in emissions scenario A2a; 2) range shifts will happen at both latitudinal (northward shift) and elevational direction (upward). In addition, habitat expansion will be limited relative to loss, especially in the more distant future. Although the size of suitable area will not change greatly in the near future (e.g. 2020 and 2050), as predicted in the emissions scenario A2a in 2020, habitat will become more fragmented. Therefore, we suggest that the habitat fragmentation be considered with range shifts calculation while assessing the climate change threats. To cope with the ongoing climate change, either the protected area of the existing reserves should be expanded or new reserves should be established to accommodate range shifts. Reforestation and gouse population monitoring should also be conducted in the reserves to track response of grouse to climate change.
Validation of Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Workplace Health Promotion
Authors: Ho Seung Hee , Chae Young Moon 
Published: May 2014

Purpose. To validate performance indicators for evaluating workplace health promotion (WHP) programs based on a logic model and to analyze the structural relationships between constructs. Design. The study design is cross-sectional. Setting. Design setting was small manufacturing companies implementing WHP programs provided by the Korea Industrial Health Association. Subjects. Seventeen occupational health experts completed a questionnaire to determine the content validity of indicators. In addition, 58 health care managers completed a questionnaire to determine reliability and construct validation. The response rate was 84.1%. Measures. Based on a logic model, 13 constructs of WHP programs were identified: WHP program input, four activities for workplace environment management, two activities for employee health care management, two outputs, and two short-term outcomes. Analysis. Interrater agreement index was used for testing the content validity of indicators. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test for the reliabilities, and the convergent and discriminant validities. Structuring equation modeling was also used to analyze the relationships among constructs. Results. A total of 35 performance indicators from 11 constructs showed good reliability and validity. All relationships among WHP input, activities, outputs, and short-term outcomes were significant, except for the relationship between environment outputs and short-term outcome. Conclusion. These findings illustrate that the logic model and structuring equation modeling can be used to develop and validate performance indicators for planning and evaluation of the WHP program.
Development and Reliability Testing of a Fast-Food Restaurant Observation Form
Authors: Rimkus Leah , Ohri-Vachaspati Punam , Powell Lisa M. , Zenk Shannon N. , Quinn Christopher M. , Barker Dianne C. , Pugach Oksana , Resnick Elissa A. , Chaloupka Frank J. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose. To develop a reliable observational data collection instrument to measure characteristics of the fast-food restaurant environment likely to influence consumer behaviors, including product availability, pricing, and promotion. Design. The study used observational data collection. Setting. Restaurants were in the Chicago Metropolitan Statistical Area. Subjects. A total of 131 chain fast-food restaurant outlets were included. Measures. Interrater reliability was measured for product availability, pricing, and promotion measures on a fast-food restaurant observational data collection instrument. Analysis. Analysis was done with Cohen's κ coefficient and proportion of overall agreement for categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for continuous variables. Results. Interrater reliability, as measured by average κ coefficient, was .79 for menu characteristics, .84 for kids' menu characteristics, .92 for food availability and sizes, .85 for beverage availability and sizes, .78 for measures on the availability of nutrition information, .75 for characteristics of exterior advertisements, and .62 and .90 for exterior and interior characteristics measures, respectively. For continuous measures, average ICC was .88 for food pricing measures, .83 for beverage prices, and .65 for counts of exterior advertisements. Conclusion. Over 85% of measures demonstrated substantial or almost perfect agreement. Although some measures required revision or protocol clarification, results from this study suggest that the instrument may be used to reliably measure the fast-food restaurant environment.
Television Viewing Time and Measured Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Adult Women
Authors: Tucker Larry A. , Arens Peter J. , LeCheminant James D. , Bailey Bruce W. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose. This study assessed the relationship between television viewing time and measured cardiorespiratory fitness and the influence of various potential confounders. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Intermountain West. Subjects. The sample was composed of 302 nonsmoking women aged 40.2 ± 3.0 years, with ∼90% Caucasian and 82% married. Measures. TV viewing was assessed by using a questionnaire, and cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by using a graded, maximum treadmill test. Physical activity (PA) was evaluated by using accelerometers for 7 days, and body fat percentage (BF%) was measured by using the Bod Pod. Analysis. Analysis of variance and partial correlation. Results. VO2max of Frequent (≥3 h/d) TV viewers (32.6 ± 6.4 mL/kg/min) was significantly lower than that of both Moderate (1–2 h/d) (36.2 ± 7.2 mL/kg/min) or Infrequent (<1 h/d) (36.5 ± 6.5 mL/kg/min) viewers (F= 8.0, p = .0004). The Infrequent and Moderate groups did not differ in VO2max. Age, education, body mass index, and season of assessment had no influence on the relationship when controlled statistically. Adjusting for PA (F = 4.2, p = .0157) and BF% (F = 5.0, p = .0071) weakened the relationship by 59% and 58%, respectively, but the relationships remained significant. After controlling for both PA and BF% simultaneously (F = 2.9, p = .0572), the relationship was weakened by 81% and was only borderline significant. Conclusion. Female Frequent TV viewers have significantly lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels than Moderate or Infrequent viewers. This association appears to be largely a function of differences in levels of PA and BF%.
Perceptions of engineering students on industrial training in Malaysia
Authors: Phang Fatin Aliah , Yusof Khairiyah Mohd , Saat Maisarah Mat , Yusof Norazah Mohd 
Published: May 2014

Industrial training or internship is an important part of a study program for an engineering student in all universities in Malaysia. This research explores the students' perception of their experience in industrial training, which includes the management of the industrial training at the universities, self-change, future career development and readiness to be an engineer. A questionnaire was given to 88 third-year engineering undergraduates from one public university and one private university, who had just undergone industrial training. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the engineering students had moderate levels of perception on all the categories, except future career, which showed a low level of perception. This meant that they believed that industrial training had not given them the confidence that they will be able to obtain the future career they want in engineering. Another interesting finding of the research, through a correlational analysis (p < .05), shows that the longer the duration of industrial training, the higher the readiness and future career development among the engineering undergraduates. This may indicate that there is a need to lengthen the duration of industrial training during the study where the popular duration currently in most of the public universities is 10-12 weeks.
Dialoguer, encore et toujours, avec les musulmans
Authors: Borrmans Maurice 
Published: May 2014

Les Églises locales, en Europe, ont multiplié leurs institutions pour dialoguer avec les musulmans immigrés pour en développer toutes les possibilités : à côté de leurs fidèles engagés dans ce dialogue, beaucoup d’autres le critiquent ou le refusent pour mille raisons politiques ou culturelles, voire théologiques et spirituelles. Les papes Jean Paul II et Benoît XVI insistent sur la nécessité de le poursuivre « encore et toujours » au nom même de l’Évangile, malgré les difficultés du moment. Même l’incident de parcours que fut la conférence de Ratisbonne (12 septembre 2006) s’est révélé être une incitation à en approfondir les modalités et les limites. Quant à la Lettre des 138 personnalités musulmanes d’octobre 2007, riche en promesses, elle a été trop vite oubliée de part et d’autre. La Lettre du Cardinal Martini au peuple de Milan, de décembre 1990, est pourtant toujours d’actualité. Les chrétiens sont invités à rendre compte de leur foi, à bien connaître les musulmans et à leur faire découvrir les valeurs chrétiennes de la culture européenne. Tous doivent être réalistes dans leurs collaborations en y tenant compte des difficultés qu’il y a à « vivre ensemble » quand on appartient à des cultures différenciées : que chacun y fasse effort pour être plus proche de l’autre.
Modernités concurrentes
Authors: Zathureczky Kornel , Houle Jacques-André 
Published: May 2014

Cet article propose une évaluation critique des deux réponses d’envergure à « A Common Word » originaire de centres traditionnels de la chrétienté européenne. Dans les deux cas, la notion de bien commun joue un rôle central dans la détermination de la forme et de l’orientation de la coopération interreligieuse dans un contexte mondial. Alors que les réponses émanant du Vatican sont lues comme une expression de la pragmatique interreligieuse, la seconde, un engagement plus solide de Rowan Williams est présenté comme une tentative de développer une éthique interreligieuse de la communication. L’examen critique de ces deux visions de la solidarité interreligieuse conduit à des conclusions significatives quant à la notion d’autrui, une catégorie centrale partagée par toutes les traditions abrahamiques.
Les Églises de l’Orient arabe face à la mondialisation du dialogue islamo-chrétien
Authors: Daou Fadi 
Published: May 2014

Cet article représente une étude comparative des programmes du dialogue interreligieux pour les musulmans et les chrétiens de l’Orient arabe. L’auteur défend la thèse que la période qui suit les attaques terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 voit une évolution majeure sur le plan du dialogue et pose de nouveaux défis pour ses protagonistes. L’entrée en force des grandes institutions politiques musulmanes, sur la scène du dialogue, le propulse en effet sur le plan mondial et inter-civilisationnel, sans pour autant résoudre ses enjeux locaux. Cette situation crée un décalage entre les attentes des chrétiens d’Orient face au dialogue — dialogue qui est vital pour leur présence et le maintien du « vivre ensemble » dans leurs sociétés —, et les attentes des musulmans qui cherchent à corriger par le dialogue l’image de l’islam qui est projetée mondialement. Ce décalage représente un enjeu, voire un risque pour l’avenir du dialogue au Moyen-Orient. Ce risque peut cependant être transformé en une circonstance favorable, suivant les hypothèses conclusives de l’auteur.
Théologies libanaises du dialogue islamo-chrétien
Authors: Chrabieh Pamela 
Published: May 2014

Dans un contexte d’« hiver arabe », caractérisé par la guerre, la répression des libertés, les crises socio-économiques et la montée des extrémismes, il devient plus que crucial de mettre en avant les discours et les pratiques de dialogue, de convivialité et de construction de la paix au Liban, notamment théologiques. En ce sens, je présente dans cet article un aperçu des approches du métropolite grec-orthodoxe Georges Khodr et de l’érudit chiite Mahmoud Ayoub, lesquels font partie d’un courant que j’ai nommé « le courant de la culture du dialogue ». Khodr et Ayoub développent justement des théologies qui appellent, d’une part, à une certaine forme de séparation entre la politique et la religion, mais aussi, d’autre part, à l’implantation d’une « société pluraliste religieuse », formée de croyants en Dieu. Après avoir rappelé à grands traits le contexte libanais, je présente à deux reprises la pensée des auteurs : d’abord de manière globale, puis de manière plus analytique — par le biais conceptuel d’une théologie mystique et apophatique, mais aussi contextuelle et libérationniste (chez Khodr), et par le biais de l’al-iğtihād (chez Ayoub). Cela me permet, en conclusion, de montrer le front commun de leur combat, puis de cerner leurs apports et leurs limites respectives.
La série télévisée Little Mosque on the Prairie1 de Zarqa Nawaz et le discours de l’authenticité musulmane2
Authors: Greifenhagen Franz Volker 
Published: May 2014

Mis au défi de se construire une identité religieuse viable, dans un contexte nord-américain où non seulement ils sont minoritaires et souvent membres de communautés immigrantes, mais où ils sont aussi victimes des stéréotypes négatifs courants, dans le discours politique et médiatique dominant, les musulmans empruntent souvent le discours de l’authenticité musulmane. Ce discours invoque notamment la distinction entre traditions culturelles, interprétées comme contextuelles et limitées, et « véritable islam », vu comme universel et éternel. Avec ce discours en toile de fond, le présent article analyse la série télévisée, Little Mosque on the Prairie, créée par Zarqa Nawaz. Plutôt que de rejeter les expressions culturelles de l’islam, l’oeuvre de Nawaz semble suggérer qu’une identité musulmane authentique, en tant que construction culturelle, peut s’acclimater en Amérique du Nord et, cela, en dépit des contre-discours, musulmans et non musulmans, qui représentent l’identité musulmane comme sans commune mesure avec les contextes culturels occidentaux.
Quasiperiodic VLF emissions with short‐period modulation and their relationship to whistlers: A case study
Authors: Manninen J. , Demekhov A. G. , Titova E. E. , Kozlovsky A. E. , Pasmanik D. L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study properties of quasiperiodic (QP) VLF emissions recorded on 24 December 2011 during the VLF campaign in northern Finland. The main attention is paid to interrelationships between different characteristic periods in the QP spectra. In particular, we analyze regular variations in the QP repetition intervals (1–10 min) during the event from 15:30 to 22 UT, their changes during substorms, and short periodic (several second) modulation observed within separate QP elements. We explained the variations of periods of QP emissions in terms of the model of auto‐oscillation regime of the cyclotron instability in the magnetosphere. During the considered event lasting about 7 h we observed a regular increase in the time intervals between the QP elements. We relate this increase with weakening of the magnetospheric source of energetic electrons. Significant variations in the QP period occurred during substorms. These variations can be due to a substorm‐related increase in the energetic‐electron flux and/or due to the precipitation of these electrons into the ionosphere which changes the reflection coefficient of VLF waves. We analyze the fine structure of QP element spectra and reveal the periods related to the time scales of guided propagation of whistler mode waves along the magnetic field line, which suggests that ducted propagation regime took place for the QP emissions. The periods were about 6–9 s for frequencies 1.2–4 kHz, respectively, which was similar to the period of almost simultaneously observed two‐hop whistlers. In the low‐frequency part of QP spectra periodic emissions with shorter periods of about 3 s were observed. Analysis of fine structure of QP elements shows that their formation is affected by both linear effects (i.e., group‐velocity dispersion) and quasi‐linear effects related to the modification of the energetic electron distribution function. It allows us to observe the transition from purely linear to quasi‐linear regime of wave‐particle interactions in the spectra of these short periodic emissions. The nonlinear regime can be understood in terms of passive mode locking in magnetospheric cyclotron maser.
Radar observations of MJO and Kelvin wave interactions during DYNAMO/CINDY2011/AMIE
Authors: DePasquale Amanda , Schumacher Courtney , Rapp Anita 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRadar and sounding data collected during the Dynamics of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO), the Cooperative Indian Ocean Experiment on Intraseasonal Variability in the Year 2011 (CINDY2011), and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Madden‐Julian Oscillation Investigation Experiment (AMIE) field campaigns in the equatorial Indian Ocean to study the initiation of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) are used to examine the precipitation, cloud, and moisture characteristics during the MJO and convectively coupled Kelvin waves (KWs). Three MJO events and 10 KWs were identified from satellite data using different wave number frequency filters, although event identification varied based on the chosen range of latitude, frequency, and outgoing longwave radiation threshold. Radar and sounding data were composited for the three MJO events, four KWs during the active MJO, five KWs during the suppressed MJO, and one KW during the developing MJO. The MJO composite was generally consistent with past studies, although an increase in convective rain appeared to precede relative humidity increases at low‐ to middle‐levels. The active and developing MJO KWs produced more rain and cloud than suppressed MJO KWs and had a secondary peak in stratiform rain potentially associated with subsynoptic‐scale cloud clusters. The suppressed MJO KW composite displayed previously documented structure of vertical moisture buildup prior to the KW passage, whereas the developing MJO KW did not. The KW moisture signature during the active MJO was somewhat overwhelmed by the moist environment associated with the active MJO. Upper level moisture was enhanced after KW passage, regardless of MJO phase. However, upper level moisture was most enhanced after the developing MJO KW passage, providing deep tropospheric moisture that may have assisted MJO onset. Nonprecipitating upper level cloud and midlevel altocumulus/altostratus also persisted after most KW passages.