bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPyV6, HPyV7 and TSPyV DNA sequences detection in skin disease patients and healthy subjects
Authors: Fava P. , Merlino C. , Novelli M. , Ponti R. , Galliano I. , Montanari P. , Tovo P.A. , Fierro M.T. , Bergallo M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe discovery, from 2007, of eight new human polyomaviruses (HPyVs) has revived interest in the Polyomaviridae family and their association with human diseases and cancer. In particular, HPyV6 and HPyV7 were discovered in skin swabs of healthy donors and TSPyV was discovered in a heart transplant recipient affected by virus‐associated Trichodysplasia Spinulosa (TS), a rare skin disease, exclusively found in immunocompromised patients.ObjectiveThe presence of HPyV6, HPyV7 and TSPyV DNA in skin biopsies from patients affected by different skin diseases (cancers and inflammatory disorders) has been evaluated to confirm their skin tropism and the possible pathological association.MethodsDNA extracted was amplified with HPyV6, HPyV7 and TSPyV specific PCR real time on Taqman platform with standard profile.ResultsHPyV7 and TSPyV sequences were not found in any skin specimen analysed. HPyV6, on the other hand, was detected in 30% of samples from healthy subjects vs. 14.3% of skin cancer patients and 2.9% of inflammatory disorders. HPyV6 sequences have been detected in primary cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients (in 18.6% out of Mycosis Fungoides (MF) patients and in 16.7% out of CTCL not MF/SS(Sèzary syndrome) but have not been detected in primary cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (CBCL) patients.ConclusionOur preliminary data suggest that these three novel human polyomaviruses seem not to play a significant role neither in the pathogenesis of cutaneous malignancies nor in that of inflammatory disorders but, according to literature, can inhabit the skin. On the basis of our data regarding the HPyV6 DNA presence with decreasing percentages in healthy subjects, skin cancer and inflammatory disorders patients, it could be an intriguing matter to study if the activated innate immune response in inflammatory disorders can suppress the virus. Further investigations are needed to better understand their relationship with the human host and its innate immune system.
A qualitative study of the relationship between the Scottish Medicines Consortium and their clinical experts
Authors: Newham Rosemary , Corcoran Emma Dunlop , Dear James W. , Hems Sharon , McTaggart Stuart , Bennie Marion 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesInternationally, health technology assessments (HTAs) are ubiquitous drivers to health policy. Within Scotland, the Scottish Medicines Consortium undertakes the medicine review process. Input from clinical experts, involved in frontline care, is an integral component of the assessment process. This paper explores the relationship between the clinical experts and the HTA agency within Scotland to better understand what motivates expert clinicians to devote their time to the medicine review process with no remuneration.MethodsTwenty‐seven clinical experts from 16 different clinical specialties took part in one‐to‐one interviews at their place of work between October 2011 and March 2012. Data analysis was inductive and comprised the organization of data into a framework and a subsequent thematic analysis.ResultsThree distinct themes were identified: (1) recruitment, which identified two types of explanations for the experts' appointment: external justification (nominated by another) and internal justification (being recognized as an expert); (2) flexibility of the procedures, with experts able to determine their own response style and negotiate timelines; (3) health care systems, demonstrating that their affiliation to the health system underpinned the relationship and their motivation to be clinical experts.ConclusionsThe findings of this study provide insight into the elements important to clinicians who voluntarily contribute to HTA processes. Examination of these elements in the context of the organizational citizenship behavior literature provides a foundation on which to improve understanding of this relationship and sustain and improve clinical expert participation in an increasingly intensified clinical environment and within cash‐limited HTA systems.
CANCELING LIQUIDITY
Authors: Van Ness Bonnie F. , Van Ness Robert A. , Watson Ethan D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe document an increase in limit order cancellation activity over the last decade and examine the impact of cancellation activity on market quality. Additionally, we test theoretical models pertaining to cancellation activity and study the differences in cancellation activity among the three largest exchanges. We find cancellation activity is detrimental to market quality. As predicted by theory, we find that cancellation activity increases with increases in the frequency with which traders contact the market and with increases in the uncertainty of the arrival rate of impatient traders. Finally, we document significant differences in cancellation activity between exchanges.
STAR‐ANALYSTS' FORECAST ACCURACY AND THE ROLE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Authors: Kerl Alexander , Ohlert Martin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this article we examine whether star‐analysts have better forecasting abilities than non‐star‐analysts. Our results reveal that star‐analysts' earnings forecasts outperform their peers' forecasts. Because the level of corporate governance plays an important role for the general level of forecast accuracy, we furthermore investigate whether star‐analysts benefit from higher levels of governance. Our findings suggest that forecast accuracy of star‐analysts increases with the level of both country‐ and company‐specific corporate governance. Investors in capital markets do not seem to be aware of this fact because they do not react differently to forecasts issued by star‐analysts compared to those of non‐star‐analysts.
Effects of the Processing on the Distribution of Aflatoxin and Fumonisin Levels in Corn Fractions and Feeds
Authors: Coradi Paulo C. , Maier Dirk E. , Channaiah Lakshmikantha H. , Campabadal Carlos 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the processing on the distribution of aflatoxin and fumonisin levels in corn fractions and feeds. The small, coarse, fines and dust from corn represented 6.79% of the total lot and 70–80% of contamination of the feeds. The conditional times of 30 and 45 s before pelleting increased the aflatoxin and fumonisin levels in the feed to 151.7 μg/kg and 14.5 μg/g, respectively. In 60 s of exposition of feed, there was a better distribution of aflatoxins (2.3 μg/kg) and fumonisins (0 μg/g) in the final feeds. The treatments with higher levels of contamination affected positively the distribution of aflatoxin and fumonisin levels when they were exposed for 60 s. It was concluded that dry milling of corn and the steps of processing of feed affects the distribution and reduces the fumonisin and aflatoxin levels in the final feeds.Practical ApplicationsThis work was to approach the reduction and distribution of mycotoxins in corn fractions and feed using a suitable management in the processing of products. The separation of small fractions of corn and the use of different exposure times of feed pelleting temperature allow some parameters to validate the reduction of contamination and distribution throughout the processing steps. The experimental results have benefits to the feed industry in order to control the high levels of contamination with aflatoxins and fumonisins in the final feed.
How important is the {103} plane of stable Ge2Sb2Te5 for phase‐change memory?
Authors: ZHANG W. , ZHENG W.T. , KIM J.‐G. , CUI X.Q. , LI L. , QI J.G. , KIM Y.‐J. , SONG S.A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryClosely correlating with {200} plane of cubic phase, {103} plane of hexagonal phase of Ge2Sb2Te5 plays a crucial role in achieving fast phase change process as well as formation of modulation structures, dislocations and twins in Ge2Sb2Te5. The behaviors of {103} plane of hexagonal phase render the phase‐change memory process as a nanoscale shape memory.
The long‐term outcome of extremely preterm (<28 weeks’ gestational age) infants with and without severe retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Molloy Carly S. , Anderson Peter J. , Anderson Vicki A. , Doyle Lex W. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSevere retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is associated with an increased risk for ophthalmologic morbidity, but the long‐term impact in other domains is less clear. The aim of the current study was to determine whether severe ROP was related to poorer visual, cognitive, and educational outcomes in a representative sample of EP adolescents, and whether this persisted after adjusting for confounding neonatal risk factors.MethodOne hundred and eighty extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks) adolescents (17–18 years) were assessed on a range of neurodevelopmental measures, including visual processing, IQ, visual learning, visual‐motor integration, and academic achievement. EP adolescents were grouped according to ROP status, (1) severe ROP (stage 3 or greater) in the worse eye; or (2) no or mild ROP and were compared on each outcome. Longitudinal data were compared at 2, 5, 8, and 17–18 years for general cognitive outcome.ResultsThe severe ROP group performed more poorly and had more impairments than the non‐severe ROP group on measures of visual processing, visual‐motor integration, visual learning, IQ, and some academic achievement tests at 17–18 years of age. Group differences diminished after controlling for perinatal risk factors (severe white matter injury, post‐natal corticosteroid, and surgery in the neonatal period), and only visual acuity scores remained significantly different between the groups. IQ scores remained consistently lower in the severe ROP group over time, but the magnitude reduced after adjusting for perinatal risk factors.ConclusionsExtremely preterm children with severe ROP are at increased risk for ongoing visual processing difficulties and lower IQ compared with EP peers without severe ROP. While severe ROP is a predictor of long‐term impairments, this association is largely mediated by other neonatal risk factors.
Cross‐protection between a Naturally Occurring Mild Isolate of Potato virus M (PVM) and a More Virulent Isolate in Datura metel Plants
Authors: Grupa Anna , Syller Jerzy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCross‐protection is a phenomenon that occurs when infection with a mild virus prevents or suppresses the harmful effects of subsequent infection by a related severe virus. Isolates of Potato virus M (PVM, genus Carlavirus, family Betaflexiviridae), like isolates of other viruses, are likely to occur in plants in multiple infections, but the knowledge about intrahost interactions between PVM isolates and their impact upon the host response to infection is none. Here, we report that pre‐infection with a mild isolate I‐38 successfully protected Datura metel plants against destructive effects of infection by a severe isolate Uran. The latter was not detected by reverse transcription‐PCR in plants pre‐inoculated 7 days earlier by I‐38, which indicates that it was excluded by host defence mechanisms triggered by the low virulent isolate. Our results provide the first evidence for the occurrence of cross‐protection between PVM isolates within a common host plant.
Expression of cytokeratins in enamel organ, junctional epithelium and epithelial cell rests of Malassez
Authors: Li S. , Ge S. , Yang P. 
Published: March 2015

Background and ObjectiveAfter tooth formation is complete, it is suggested that continuity exists between the epithelial cell rests of Malassez (ERM), reduced enamel epithelium (REE) and subsequently the junctional epithelium. However, the junctional epithelium was reported to differ from REE and ERM. The developmental relationships between and among them remain controversial. Therefore, in the present study we examined the expression of cytokeratins in the three types of epithelia to investigate the epithelial phenotypes.Material and MethodsThe maxillae of Wistar rats, 1, 2, 3 and 7 wk of age, were used, and the expression of CK14, CK17, CK19, CK10/CK13 and AE1/AE3 was detected using immunoperoxidase techniques.ResultsThere was negative staining for CK10/CK13 in all the epithelia. ERM stained strongly for AE1/AE3, CK14, CK17 and CK19. During the transformation of inner enamel epithelial (IEE) cells into reduced ameloblasts and subsequently into junctional epithelium, strong staining for CK14 was evident in IEE, REE and junctional epithelium, whereas the expression of AE1/AE3 and of CK19 were initially negative in IEE and then strong in REE and junctional epithelium, respectively. In particular, the expression of CK17 was strongly positive in ERM and REE, but was negative in IEE and junctional epithelium.ConclusionERM are of odontogenic origin and junctional epithelium has an epithelial phenotype different from REE and ERM. This is the first report to demonstrate that CK17 can be used as a marker to distinguish junctional epithelium from ERM.
Anandamide Reduces the Ejaculatory Threshold of Sexually Sluggish Male Rats: Possible Relevance for Human Lifelong Delayed Ejaculation Disorder
Authors: Rodríguez-Manzo Gabriela , Canseco-Alba A.n.a. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The sexually sluggish (SLG) male rat has been proposed as an animal model for the study of lifelong delayed ejaculation, a sexual dysfunction for which no treatment is available. Low endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) doses facilitate sexual behavior display in normal sexually active and in noncopulating male rats through the activation of CB1 receptors.

Aim
To establish whether low AEA doses reduced the ejaculatory threshold of SLG male rats by acting at CB1 receptors.

Methods
SLG male rats were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of AEA (0.1–3.0 mg/kg), the CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (0.1–3.0 mg/kg), or their vehicles and tested for copulatory behavior during 60 minutes. Animals receiving AEA effective doses were subjected to a second sexual behavior test, 7 days later under drug-free conditions. To determine the participation of CB1 receptors in AEA-induced actions, SLG rats were pretreated with AM251 prior to AEA.

Main Outcome Measures
The sexual parameters, intromission latency, number of mounts and intromissions, ejaculation latency, and interintromission interval.

Results
All sexual behavior parameters of SLG rats were significantly increased when compared with normal sexually experienced animals. Low AEA doses (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) significantly lowered the ejaculatory threshold of SLG rats, reducing the number of pre-ejaculatory intromissions and ejaculation latency. IL, M number, and locomotor activity were unaffected by AEA. Facilitation of the ejaculatory response of SLG rats disappeared 7 days after AEA injection. AM251 lacked an effect on copulation of SLG rats but blocked the AEA-induced lowering of the ejaculatory threshold.

Conclusions
AEA appears to specifically target the ejaculatory threshold of SLG rats through the activation of CB1 receptors. This specificity along with the fact that AEA's effects are exerted acutely and at low doses makes this drug emerge as a promising treatment for the improvement of the ejaculatory response in men with primary delayed ejaculation.
Life after death: shallow‐water Mediterranean invertebrate communities associated with mammal bones
Authors: Taboada Sergi , Bas Maria , Leiva Carlos , Garriga Mariona , Sardá Rafael , Avila Conxita 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInvertebrate and microbial marine communities associated with mammal bones are interesting and poorly understood habitats, mainly known from studies on deep‐water whale remains. In order to characterize these communities in the shallow‐water Mediterranean, we present here the results of a pioneering experiment using mammal bones. Minke whale, pig and cow bones were experimentally deployed on three different background communities: rocky substrate, soft‐bottom and a Posidonia oceanica meadow. Bones were deployed for a year at about 20 m depth and collected every 3 months, and the invertebrate fauna colonizing the bones was identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. As expected, mammal bones showed remarkable differences when compared with background communities. Within bones, four different clusters could be identified, primarily on the basis of the polychaete fauna, the most abundant and diverse group in the survey. Clusters A1–A3 corresponded to high to moderately altered successional stages composed by a fauna closer to that of anthropogenically enriched shallow‐water environments. These clusters were characterized by the occurrence of the opportunist polychaetes Ophryotrocha puerilis, Neanthes caudata (Cluster A1), Protodorvillea kefersteini (Cluster A2) and Ophryotrocha alborana (Cluster A3). Cluster B was characterized by the presence of the polychaete Oxydromus pallidus together with typical invertebrate background fauna, which suggests that this community, after a year of deployment, was closer to that found in natural conditions. As opposed to similar shallow‐water studies in other geographic areas, no occurrence of the polychaete Osedax (commonly known as bone‐eating worms) was reported from our experiments. Apart from the study on the invertebrate communities, insights about the population dynamics of three of the most abundant species (O. puerilis, O. alborana, N. caudata) are given as well as remarks on a hypothetical trophic network based on fecal pellet analysis.
Why the Keynesian Multiplier Increases During Hard Times: A Theoretical Explanation Based on Rentiers' Saving Behaviour
Authors: Charles Sébastien , Dallery Thomas , Marie Jonathan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the Keynesian multiplier from a new perspective. Recent empirical studies emphasize that the multiplier is endogenous to the level of economic activity, increasing during recessions and declining in expansions. Here, we propose a plausible explanation for this established fact based on the procyclicality of capitalists' propensity to save. Then, using a standard Kaleckian model of growth and distribution, we perform some simple simulations showing that fiscal multipliers increase during turbulent times. Consequently, this argues against cutting public spending for economies in recession.
Epidemiology and outcomes of invasive fungal infections in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients in the era of antifungal prophylaxis: a single‐centre study with focus on emerging pathogens
Authors: Corzo‐León Dora E. , Satlin Michael J. , Soave Rosemary , Shore Tsiporah B. , Schuetz Audrey N. , Jacobs Samantha E. , Walsh Thomas J. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWith increased use of expanded‐spectrum triazoles for antifungal prophylaxis, the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) continues to evolve. To define the contemporary epidemiology of IFIs in this population, we reviewed all European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer‐Mycoses Study Group proven and probable IFIs in adults transplanted from 2002 to 2011 and determined the incidence and risk factors for IFI and post‐IFI mortality. All patients received antifungal prophylaxis. Fifty‐three (14%) of 378 allogeneic HSCT recipients developed an IFI. There were 62 IFI episodes, of which aspergillosis (n = 31; 50%) and candidaemia (n = 15; 24%) were most common. Sixteen episodes (26%) were caused by other fungi, including Mucorales (n = 6; 10%) and the following uncommon pathogens: Trichosporon asahii, Arthrographis sp., Cladosporium sp., Geosmithia argillacea and Hormographiella aspergillata. Independent IFI risk factors were hospitalisation in an intensive care unit [ICU; odds ratio (OR) = 6.0], graft‐versus‐host disease (OR = 5.3), central venous catheter use (OR = 5.2) and hypoalbuminaemia (OR = 0.3 g−1 dl−1 increase in albumin). The 90‐day mortality rate after IFI was 57%. Non‐cytomegalovirus systemic viral co‐infection (OR = 3.5) and stay in an ICU (OR = 2.9) were independent risk factors for death. Despite antifungal prophylaxis, IFIs remain common after allogeneic HSCT and previously uncommon pathogens are emerging.
TheBalkanWars and the rise of the reactionary modernist utopia in youngTurk thought and the journalTürk Yurdu[Turkish Homeland]
Authors: Kurt Ümİt , Gürpınar Doğan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe article examines the rise of the ‘reactionary modernist’ project that developed after the devastating defeat of theBalkan Wars and which was promoted by theYoungTurks by means of articles published inTurkishHomeland, the intellectual platform of theYoungTurks. The article argues that the outlines of this project to a large extent shaped the contours ofTurkish nationalism then, and that they have hence been constitutive ofTurkish nationalism ever since.
Effects of Silencing Heme Biosynthesis Enzymes on 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid‐mediated Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Xue , Li Weihua , Palasuberniam Pratheeba , Myers Kenneth A. , Wang Chenguang , Chen Bin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAminolevulinic acid (ALA)‐mediated protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) production is being explored for tumor fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT). As a prodrug, ALA is converted in heme biosynthesis pathway to PpIX with fluorescent and photosensitizing properties. To better understand the role of heme biosynthesis enzymes in ALA‐mediated PpIX fluorescence and PDT efficacy, we used lentiviral shRNA to silence the expression of porphobilinogen synthase (PBGS), porphobilinogen deaminase (PBGD) and ferrochelatase (FECH) in SkBr3 human breast cancer cells. PBGS and PBGD are the first two cytosolic enzymes involved in PpIX biosynthesis, and FECH is the enzyme responsible for converting PpIX to heme. PpIX fluorescence was examined by flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed after ALA‐mediated PDT. Silencing PBGS or PBGD significantly reduced ALA‐stimulated PpIX fluorescence, whereas silencing FECH elevated basal and ALA‐stimulated PpIX fluorescence. However, compared with vector control cells, the ratio of ALA‐stimulated fluorescence to basal fluorescence without ALA was significantly reduced in all knockdown cell lines. PBGS or PBGD knockdown cells exhibited significant resistance to ALA‐PDT, while increased sensitivity to ALA‐PDT was found in FECH knockdown cells. These results demonstrate the importance of PBGS, PBGD and FECH in ALA‐mediated PpIX fluorescence and PDT efficacy.
Overexpression of barley oxalate oxidase gene induces partial leaf resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in transgenic oilseed rape
Authors: Liu F. , Wang M. , Wen J. , Yi B. , Shen J. , Ma C. , Tu J. , Fu T. 
Published: March 2015

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is a severe disease of oilseed rape, which severely impacts the crop productivity worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causes SSR, resulting in the secretion of oxalic acid (OA), which can be further degraded to carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by oxalate oxidase (OXO). In the present investigation, the barley oxalate oxidase (BOXO, Y14203) gene was introduced into oilseed rape by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation to investigate the mechanism by which OXO promotes resistance to S. sclerotiorum. Compared to the control 72 h post‐inoculation, there were c. 15–61% fewer lesions on leaves of the transgenic oilseed rape, which thus exhibited a detectable level of partial resistance in leaf tissue to S. sclerotiorum. Transgenic oilseed rape also showed decreased oxalate and increased hydrogen peroxide levels compared to the control, and the expression of defence response genes involved in the hydrogen peroxide signalling pathway was also induced. Therefore, the improved resistance of oilseed rape could be attributed to the enhanced OA metabolism, production of hydrogen peroxide and the hydrogen peroxide‐mediated defence levels during infection.