bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of dioxin synthesis in iron ore sintering process
Authors: Łechtańska Patrycja , Wielgosiński Grzegorz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The main air pollutants in the sintering process of iron ore are polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and harmful dust. Ore sintering on sinter strands is one of the first technology steps in the ironworks. It is a process in which iron ore is crushed, subjected to annealing and mixed with appropriate additives, and then sintered in order to produce sinter which is the main component of iron in the blast furnace process. PCDD/Fs emissions were measured and the addition of ammonium sulfate as an inhibitor of the synthesis of dioxins in the sintering process of iron ore was studied.
Estimation of the effectiveness of nbpt for limiting ammonia emission from urea based on the field experiments
Authors: Marcinkowski Tadeusz , Wardencki Waldemar 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The effectiveness of the ammonia emission reduction from NBPT-stabilized urea was investigated in 2011 during a field experiment on a grassland plot fertilized with a one-time dose of 60 kg N/ha. The obtained reduction coefficient of ammonia emission equaled 73% and 39-51% relative to urea without the inhibitor and ammonium nitrate, respectively.
Impact of Filter Characteristics and Optical Signal Parameters on Interchannel Crosstalk
Authors: Kowalczyk Agnieszka , Perlicki Krzysztof 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this paper we present analysis of the influence of filter characteristics of Wavelength Division Multiplexing network components and transmission parameters over interchannel crosstalk for symmetric and asymmetric transmission. The simulation was carried out for bit rate 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s and 100 Gb/s considering the following modulations: DPSK, DQPSK and OOK. The obtained results show that OOK and DQPSK modulation are better than DPSK modulation in terms of crosstalk occurring during the transmission of signals in Wavelength Division Multiplexing systems.
Compact Muon Solenoid Decade Perspective and Local Implications
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The Compact Muon Solenoid CMS is one of the major detectors of the LHC Large Hadron Collider accelerator. The second, a competitive brother, is Atlas. The accelerator complex in CERN was shut down for two years, after two years of exploitation, and will resume its work in 2015. During this break, called long shutdown LS1 a number of complex components, including electronics and photonics, will be intensely refurbished. Not only the LHC itself but also the booster components and detectors. In particular, the beam luminosity will be doubled, as well as the colliding beam energy. This means tenfold increase in the integrated luminosity over a year to 250fb−1/y. Discovery potential will be increased. This potential will be used for subsequent two years, with essentially no breaks, till the LS2 in 2017. The paper presents an introduction to the research area of the LHC and chosen aspects of the CMS detector modernization. The Warsaw CMS Group is involved in CMS construction, commissioning, maintenance and refurbishment, in particular for algorithms and hardware of the muon trigger. The Group consists of members form the following local research institutions, academic and governmental: IFD-UW, NCBJ-´Swierk and ISEWEiTI- PW.
Fusion 2050 – European and Polish Perspective
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Fusion, in all its varieties, is a very current subject of science and technology. The results of strongly exothermic reaction of thermonuclear fusion between nuclei of deuterium and tritium are: helium nuclei and neutrons, plus considerable kinetic energy of neutrons of over 14 MeV. DT nuclides synthesis reaction is probably not the most favorable one for energy production, but is the most advanced technologically. More efficient would be possibly an aneutronic fusion. The EU by its EURATOM agenda prepared a Road Map for research and implementation of Fusion as a commercial method of thermonuclear energy generation in the time horizon of 2050.The milestones on this road are tokomak experiments JET, ITER and DEMO, and neutron experiment IFMIF. There is a hope, that by engagement of the national government, and all research and technical fusion and plasma communities, part of this Road Map may be realized in Poland. The infrastructure build for fusion experiments may be also used for material engineering research, chemistry, biomedical, associated with environment protection, power engineering, security, etc. Construction of such research and industrial accelerator and tokomak infrastructure may have potentially a profound meaning for the development of science and technology in Poland.
Tracing Fault Effects in FPGA Systems
Authors: Węgrzyn Mariusz , Sosnowski Janusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper presents the extent of fault effects in FPGA based systems and concentrates on transient faults (induced by single event upsets - SEUs) within the configuration memory of FPGA. An original method of detailed analysis of fault effect propagation is presented. It is targeted at microprocessor based FPGA systems using the developed fault injection technique. The fault injection is performed at HDL description level of the microprocessor using special simulators and developed supplementary programs. The proposed methodology is illustrated for soft PicoBlaze microprocessor running 3 programs. The presented results reveal some problems with fault handling at the software level.
Experimental Study on the Role of 5-Ht2 Serotonin Receptors in the Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory and Antihyperalgesic Action of Antidepressant Fluoxetine
Authors: Kostadinov Ilia D. , Delev Delian P. , Murdjeva Marianna A. , Kostadinova Ivanka I. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Fluoxetine is an antidepressant that has anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects in experimental models of pain and inflammation. The AIM of the present study was to determine the role of 5-HT2 receptors in the mechanism of anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic action of fluoxetine after single and repeated administration of the drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided in five groups (n = 8) treated for 14 days with saline (control), diclofenac (positive control), fluoxetine, cyproheptadine (5-HT2 antagonist), and fluoxetine + cyproheptadine, respectively. We used the experimental model of inflammation induced by intraplantar injection of carrageenan and nociceptive test with mechanical pressure on the inflamed hind paw. RESULTS: Single and repeated administration of fluoxetine showed that it had significant anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Cyproheptadine did not change significantly the anti-inflammatory effect of fluoxetine in the first 4 hours, after a single administration. At 24 hours the combination did not differ statistically when compared with the control. Cyproheptadin did not change significantly the anti-inflammatory effect of fluoxetine after repeated administration. After prolonged treatment the group that received fluoxetine + cyproheptadine showed a statistically significant increase in paw pressure to withdraw the hind paw compared with that treated with fluoxetine alone (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine has anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects in the carrageenan model of inflammation. 5-HT2 receptor mediated its anti-inflammatory effect in single dose treated animals. Spinal 5-HT2 receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effect of fluoxetine after repeated administration
Long Term Follow Up of Complete Bladder Exstrophy Repair. A Case Report
Authors: Mouskou Stella , Dionysis Theodoros T. , Aivazoglou Theodoros , Kapouleas George P. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Bladder exstrophy is a congenital anomaly which is not always successfully managed by surgery. Major goals of surgical intervention in such cases are preservation of normal renal function, development of adequate bladder function and urinary continence and avoidance of future urinary tract infections. We present 5-year data on a patient who underwent complete repair of the bladder exstrophy. CASE REPORT: We describe a full term female infant who presented at birth with complete bladder exstrophy. Complete repair of the condition was performed 3 days after birth (Ransley technique). During hospitalization the patient had a positive urinary culture with Candida lusitaniae, enterococcus and septicemia with Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. The patient had no complications until the age of 20 months when she developed an episode of pyelonephritis and five further episodes of cystitis with E. coli. Radiographic testing showed small bladder capacity (23 ml at the age of 3 years), bilateral vesicoureteral reflux, a long stenotic urethra and no loss of renal function. Because of the recurrent urinary tract infections, dilatations of the stenotic urethra (Scheldinger technique) were successfully performed at the age of 3. Twenty-two months later the child had negative urinary cultures, a normal renal function and had also gained partial control of the bladder sphincters. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical repair of bladder exstrophy remains a challenging surgery for the pediatric urologist. Following surgical correction both early and long-term post-operative complications may be present. Longitudinal follow up is required by an experienced team of health care professionals
The influence of different thinning methods on dominance coefficients of future crop trees in even-aged Scots pine stands
Authors: Zachara Tadeusz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The research aim was to evaluate the influence of different thinning methods on future crop tree growth. Investigations were conducted on permanent Scots-pine experimental plots, established in 1960s and 1970s in Kozienice, Łąck, Parciaki and Janów Lubelski Forest Districts. To assess the response to thinning of future crop trees, their dominance coefficients were used. These are defined as quotients for each given future crop tree diameter and average stand diameter (WP1), the average dominant layer diameter (WP2) and the average diameter of 100 thickest trees per hectare (WP3). The difference between each coefficient value at the beginning and at the end of the measurement period was used as a measure of the thinning effect. On Kozienice, Łąck and Parciaki plots the differences between treatments were significant, especially in the period after first thinning. The increase of WP3 coefficient occurred in a case of strong thinning - TS1 and TS2. On plot Parciaki also the moderate thinning TU1 and TU2 had a significant influence on change of this coefficient. On plot Janów Lubelski the influence of treatment has not been stated in the first 5-year period but in the next one. Analyses of changes in the dominance coefficients confirmed the hypothesis that the WP3 coefficient is very useful as it is the most stable indicator of future crop-tree position in a stand. On Kozienice, Łąck and Parciaki plots the significant differences between treatments were stated, especially in the period after first thinning. The influence of thinning treatment on the plot Janów Lubelski was not considered for the first 5-year period but in the next one. All reactions to thinning were slower on this plot, possibly because of the relatively poor site conditions. This was a long-term effect. The results obtained suggest that very intense thinning of Scots pine stands should only be implemented under a restricted set of conditions - in healthy, not neglected, forest stands. Classical moderately-selective thinning is preferable to intense thinning and is the most convenient option for pine stands
Genetic variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) natural regeneration compared with their maternal stands
Authors: Nowakowska Justyna Anna , Zachara Tadeusz , Konecka Agata 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The genetic variability and biodiversity of tree populations ensure the stability and sustainability of forest ecosystems. New research tools based on molecular DNA markers enable precise characterisation of forest genetic resources, i.e. detection of different allele frequencies in mature trees and progeny populations. The paper describes the genetic structure of mature stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Oława Forest District and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in Jawor Forest District and stands of their respective progeny. In the Scots pine stand, there was a slight increase (0.6%) in heterozygosity level and a larger increase (4.9%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny trees. In the Norway spruce stand, despite a small reduction (0.9%) in heterozygosity, a similar increase (4.6%) in the inbreeding coefficient of progeny was revealed. In both stands, allele richness and the partition probability of basic clustering were high. Both pine and spruce adults and progeny trees were characterised by high levels of genetic similarity (96% and 79%, respectively). Gene flow between the mature and progeny populations was high (Nm > 1) for both Scots pine and Norway spruce. Conservation of the gene pool within forest tree stands requires an increase in the proportion of natural regeneration. To estimate the extent to which genes are transmitted between adult trees and their progeny, more studies are needed, especially taking into account the influence of silviculture measures, like selective tree cutting, on the genetic variability of the younger generation. These results confirm that the gene pool was conserved when transmitted between the stands studied, as well as highlight the usefulness of such a study for silvicultural purposes
The Upper Cretaceous ophiolite of North Kozara – remnants of an anomalous mid-ocean ridge segment of the Neotethys?
Authors: Cvetković Vladica , Šarić Kristina , Grubić Aleksandar , Cvijić Ranko , Milošević Aleksej 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This study sheds new light on the origin and evolution of the north Kozara ophiolite, a part of the Sava-Vardar Zone. The Sava-Vardar Zone is regarded as a relict of the youngest Tethyan realm in the present-day Balkan Peninsula. The north Kozara ophiolite consists of a bimodal igneous association comprising isotropic to layered gabbros, diabase dykes and basaltic pillow lavas (basic suite), as well as relicts of predominantly rhyodacite lava flows and analogous shallow intrusions (acid suite). The rocks of the basic suite show relatively flat to moderately light-REE enriched patterns with no or weak negative Eu-anomaly, whereas those of the acid suite exhibit steeper patterns and have distinctively more pronounced Eu- and Sr- negative anomalies. Compared to the known intra-ophiolitic granitoids from the Eastern Vardar Zone, the acid suite rocks are most similar to those considered to be oceanic plagiogranites. The new geochemical data suggest that the basic suite rocks are similar to enriched mid-ocean ridge basalts. The geochemical characteristics of the acid suite rocks indicate that their primary magmas most probably originated via partial melting of gabbros from the lower oceanic crust. Our study confirms the oceanic nature of the north Kozara Mts rock assemblage, and suggests that it may have formed within an anomalous ridge setting similar to present-day Iceland.
The recent fault kinematics in the westernmost part of the Getic nappe system (Eastern Serbia): Evidence from fault slip and focal mechanism data
Authors: Mladenović Ana , Trivić Branislav , Antić Milorad , Cvetković Vladica , Pavlović Radmila , Radovanović Slavica , Fügenschuh Bernhard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this study we performed a calculation of the tectonic stress tensor based on fault slip data and all available focal mechanisms in order to determine the principal stress axes and the recent tectonic regime of the westernmost unit of the Getic nappe system (Gornjak-Ravanica Zone, Eastern Serbia). The study is based on a combined dataset involving paleostress analyses, the inversion of focal mechanisms and remote sensing. The results show dominant strike-slip kinematics with the maximal compression axis oriented NNE-SSW. This is compatible with a combined northward motion and counterclockwise rotation of the Adria plate as the controlling factor. However, the local stress field is also shown to be of great importance and is superimposed on the far-field stress. We managed to distinguish three areas with distinct seismic activity. The northern part of the research area is characterized by transtensional tectonics, possibly under the influence of the extension in the areas situated more to the northeast. The central and seismically most active part is dominated by strike-slip tectonics whereas the southern area is slightly transpressional, possibly under the influence of the rigid Moesian Platform situated to the east of the research area. The dominant active fault systems are oriented N-S (to NE-SW) and NW-SE and they occur as structures of either regional or local significance. Regional structures are active in the northern and central part of the study area, while the active fault systems in the southern part are marked as locally important. This study suggests that seismicity of this area is controlled by the release of accumulated stress at local accommodation zones which are favourably oriented in respect to the active regional stress field.
Joint interpretation of gravity and magnetic data in the Kolárovo anomaly region by separation of sources and the inversion method of local corrections
Authors: Prutkin Ilya , Vajda Peter , Bielik Miroslav , Bezák Vladimír , Tenzer Robert 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
We present a new interpretation of the Kolárovo gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Danube Basin based on an inversion methodology that comprises the following numerical procedures: removal of regional trend, depth-wise separation of signal of sources, approximation of multiple sources by 3D line segments, non-linear inversion based on local corrections resulting in found sources specified as 3D star-convex homogenous bodies and/or 3D contrasting structural contact surfaces. This inversion methodology produces several admissible solutions from the viewpoint of potential field data. These solutions are then studied in terms of their feasibility taking into consideration all available tectono-geological information. By this inversion methodology we interpret here the Kolárovo gravity and magnetic anomalies jointly. Our inversion generates several admissible solutions in terms of the shape, size and location of a basic intrusion into the upper crust, or the shape and depth of the upper/lower crust interface, or an intrusion into the crystalline crust above a rise of the mafic lower crust. Our intrusive bodies lie at depths between 5 and 12 km. Our lower crust elevation rises to 12 km with and 8 km without the accompanying intrusion into the upper crust, respectively. Our solutions are in reasonable agreement with various previous interpretations of the Kolárovo anomaly, but yield a better and more realistic geometrical resolution for the source bodies. These admissible solutions are next discussed in the context of geological and tectonic considerations, mainly in relation to the fault systems.
Probing Electronic Properties of Graphene on the Atomic Scale by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy
Authors: Gao Li 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAtomic scale investigations of the electronic properties of graphene are playing a crucial role in understanding and tuning the exotic properties of this material for its potential device applications. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) are unique techniques for atomic scale investigations and have been extensively used in graphene research. In this article, we review recent progresses in STM and STS studies of the electronic properties of suspended graphene as well as graphene supported by different substrates including graphite, metals, silicon carbide, silicon dioxide and boron nitride.
Determinants of growing herbs in polish agriculture
Authors: Spychalski Grzegorz 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper describes basic determinants of the medical plant cultivation in Polish agriculture. The author discussed economic background of the introduction of these plants indicating the role of pharmaceutical industry in herb usage. Then, there is a presentation of results of the survey study carried out among farmers from the Wielkopolska region. Approximately 10% of the farms cultivate medicinal plants but more than 50% declare some interest in this kind of production, what indicates a big potential. Farmers think that herbs are economically attractive crops if the sale is guaranteed and the price is satisfactory. The demand for medicinal plants is developing and expanding for e.g. dietary supplements and other health-promoting products. Therefore, it can be concluded that cultivation of medicinal plants is the prospective direction of agricultural production and an important element of additional income of Polish farmers.
SRC kinase mrna transcription changes in testosterone-induced rat ventral prostate lobes under the influence of epilobium angustifolium extract
Authors: Kujawski Radosław , Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Bogacz Anna , Karasiewicz Monika , Mikołajczak Przemysław Ł. , Czerny Bogusław , Mrozikiewicz Przemysław M. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of standardized crude aqueous Epilobium angustifolium L. extract [100 mg/kg/day, p.o.] on the expression level of SRC kinase mRNA - a representatives of non-genomics xenobiotics signaling pathway in prostate ventral lobes of testosterone-induced, castrated rats. We have shown that in all analyzed groups induced by testosterone an elevation of SRC kinase mRNA transcription was observed, in comparison to control animals (not receiving the testosterone), (p<0.05). Finasteride in rats induced by testosterone caused the strongest inhibition of SRC mRNA transcription (p<0.05). In rats receiving testosterone and the plant extract a ca. 90% decrease of mRNA level was observed vs. testosterone-induced animals (p<0.05), while in testosterone-induced animals receiving concomitantly E. angustifolium extract and finasteride the observed reduction reached 87.3% (p<0.05).
We did not observed, however, any positive feedback between studied plant extract and finasteride in the inhibitory activity (p<0.05). Further experimental studies should be performed in order to the understanding the molecular basis of interactions, the efficacy and safety of tested plant extract.
Chemical constituents and insecticidal activity of the essential oil from fruits of foeniculum vulgare miller on larvae of khapra beetle (trogoderma granarium everts)
Authors: Ghanem Iyad , Audeh Adnan , Alnaser Amer Abu , Tayoub Ghaleb 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The objective of current study was to determine the chemical constituents and fumigant toxicity of essential oil isolated by hydro-distillation from dry fruit of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller). The chemical composition of the essential oil was assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Constituents of the oil were determined as α-pinene (1.6%) and limonene (3.3%), fenchone (27.3%), estragol (3.9%), and (E)-anethole (61.1%). The fumigant toxicity of the essential oil was tested on larvae of the stored product insect Trogoderma granarium Everts. The mortality of larvae was tested at different concentrations ranging from 31.2 to 531.2 μl/l air and at different exposure times (24 and 48 h). Probit analysis showed that LC50 and LC90 following a 48 h-exposure period for essential oil were 38.4 and 84.6 μl/l, respectively. These results showed that the essential oil from F. vulgare may be applicable to the management of populations of stored-product insects.