bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seizure occurrences among hypoglycemic patients in the emergency department
Authors: Urushidani Seigo , Tanabe Mao , Baek Kwangsoo , Miyaguchi Koki , Ikegami Tetsunori 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSymptomatic hypoglycemia is a common problem in the emergency department (ED). However, without appropriate recognition and management, hypoglycemia remains a potentially fatal condition. The cause of sudden death associated with hypoglycemia might be attributed to cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxia with seizures. Despite advances in diabetes mellitus management and social background, the frequency and characteristics of patients with hypoglycemia‐related seizures have remained unknown. Hence, our study aimed to investigate the frequency and characteristics of patients with hypoglycemia presenting with seizures in the ED.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted in a single tertiary care center. Patient information was retrieved from the final diagnostic records in the ED. We reviewed all medical records and included patients with symptomatic hypoglycemia aged 16 years or older. The primary outcome was the frequency of seizures in patients with hypoglycemia. We also compared the initial blood sugar levels of the patients with and without seizures.ResultsWe included a total of 380 patients (median age, 72 years, IQR 64–80 years; median initial blood sugar, 34 mg/dL, IQR 24–46; 62.9% male). Nineteen of 380 patients (5.0%) had seizures. Although 16 of the 19 patients had diabetes mellitus, none of the 19 patients had a history of epilepsy. The initial blood sugar levels of the patients with and without seizures were not significantly different (p = 0.97).ConclusionApproximately 5% of the patients with hypoglycemia presented with seizures. Blood glucose levels of hypoglycemic patients with and without seizures did not differ.
Highly Anion‐Conductive Viologen‐Based Two‐Dimensional Polymer Membranes as Nanopower Generators
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Wang Zhiyong , Zhang Qixiang , Lei Dandan , Li Xiaodong , Zhang Zhen , Feng Xinliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional polymers (2DPs) and their layer‐stacked 2D covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) membranes hold great potential for harvesting sustainable osmotic energy. The nascent research has yet to simultaneously achieve high ionic flux and selectivity, primarily due to inefficient ion transport dynamics. This is directly related to ultrasmall pore size (<3 nm), much smaller than the duple Debye length in the diluted electrolyte (6–20 nm), as well as low charge density (<4.5 mC m−2). Here, we introduce a π‐conjugated viologen‐based 2DP (V2DP) membrane possessing a large pore size of 4.5 nm, strategically enhancing the overlapping of the electric double layer, coupled with an exceptional positive surface charge density (~6 mC m−2). These characteristics enable the membrane to facilitate high anion flux while maintaining ideal selectivity. Notably, V2DP membranes realize an impressive current density of 5.5×103 A m−2, surpassing benchmarks set by previously reported nanofluidic membranes. In the practical application scenario involving the mixing of artificial seawater and river water, the V2DP membranes exhibit a considerable ion transference number of 0.70 towards Cl−, contributing to an outstanding power density of ~55 W m−2. Theoretical calculations reveal the important role of the large quantity of anion transport sites, which act as binding sites evenly located in the positively charged N‐containing pyridine rings. These binding sites enable kinematic coupling and decoupling between anions and the V2DP skeleton, establishing a continuous Cl− ion transport pathway. This work demonstrates the great promise of large‐area ultrathin 2DP membranes featuring highly organized charged ion transport networks when applied for osmotic energy conversion.
Confined Element Distribution with Structure‐Driven Energy Coupling for Enhanced Prussian Blue Analogue Cathode
Authors: Hu Xinyu , Jian Weishun , Hong Ningyun , Zhong Xue , Yang Mushi , Tao Shusheng , Huang Jiangnan , Wang Haoji , Gao Jingqiang , Deng Wentao , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Silvester Debbie S. , Banks Craig E. , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe structural failure of Na2Mn[Fe(CN)6] could not be alleviated with traditional modification strategies through the adjustable composition property of Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), considering that the accumulation and release of stress derived from the MnN6 octahedrons are unilaterally restrained. Herein, a novel application of adjustable composition property, through constructing a coordination competition relationship between chelators and [Fe(CN)6]4− to directionally tune the enrichment of elements, is proposed to restrain structural degradation and induce unconventional energy coupling phenomenon. The non‐uniform distribution of elements at the M1 site of PBAs (NFM‐PB) is manipulated by the sequentially precipitated Ni, Fe, and Mn according to the Irving‐William order. Electrochemically active Fe is operated to accompany Mn, and zero‐strain Ni is modulated to enrich at the surface, synergistically mitigating with the enrichment and release of stress and then significantly improving the structural stability. Furthermore, unconventional energy coupling effect, a fusion of the electrochemical behavior between FeLS and MnHS, is triggered by the confined element distribution, leading to the enhanced electrochemical stability and anti‐polarization ability. Consequently, the NFM‐PB demonstrates superior rate performance and cycling stability. These findings further exploit potentialities of the adjustable composition property and provide new insights into the component design engineering for advanced PBAs.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Allenylic Amination of Allenols Activated by Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction with Methanol
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Qian , Lin Zihan , Wu Danxing , Wang Yuhao , Hirao Hajime , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe ubiquitous nature of amines in drug compounds, bioactive molecules and natural products has fueled intense interest in their synthesis. Herein, we introduce a nickel‐catalyzed enantioconvergent allenylic amination of methanol‐activated allenols. This protocol affords a diverse array of functionalized allenylic amines in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The synthetic potential of this method is demonstrated by employing bioactive amines as nucleophiles and conducting gram‐scale reactions. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations elucidate the role of methanol as an activator in the nickel‐catalyzed reaction, facilitating the oxidative addition of the C−O bond of allenols through hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The remarkable outcomes arise from a rapid racemization of allenols enabled by the nickel catalyst and from highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation of η3‐alkadienylnickel intermediates.
Reconstructing Helmholtz Plane Enables Robust F‐Rich Interface for Long‐Life and High‐Safe Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Long , Chen Ming , Meng Qingfei , Zhang Jing , Feng Guang , Ai Xinping , Cao Yuliang , Chen Zhongxue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHard carbon (HC) is the most commonly used anode material in sodium‐ion batteries. However, the solid‐electrolyte‐interface (SEI) layer formed in carbonate ester‐based electrolytes has an imperceptible dissolution tendency and a sluggish Na+ diffusion kinetics, resulting in an unsatisfactory performance of HC anode. Given that electrode/electrolyte interface property is highly dependent on the configuration of Helmholtz plane, we filtrated proper solvents by PFBE (PF6− anion binding energy) and CAE (carbon absorption energy) and disclosed the function of chosen TFEP to reconstruct the Helmholtz plane and regulate the SEI film on HC anode. Benefiting from the preferential adsorption tendency on HC surface and strong anion‐dragging interaction of TFEP, a robust and thin anion‐derived F‐rich SEI film is established, which greatly enhances the mechanical stability and the Na+ ion diffusion kinetics of the electrode/electrolyte interface. The rationally designed TFEP‐based electrolyte endows Na||HC half‐cell and 2.8 Ah HC||Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7 pouch cell with excellent rate capability, long cycle life, high safety and low‐temperature adaptability. It is believed that this insightful recognition of tuning interface properties will pave a new avenue in the design of compatible electrolyte for low‐cost, long‐life, and high‐safe sodium‐ion batteries.
Exploiting trans‐Sulfinylation for the Synthesis of Diverse N‐Alkyl Sulfinamides via Decarboxylative Sulfinamidation
Authors: Andrews Jonathan A. , Woodger Russell G. , Palmer Christopher F. , Poole Darren L. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCombining simple amines with the bench‐stable sulfinylamine Tr‐NSO allows in situ preparation of reactive alkyl sulfinylamines, which when combined with alkyl radicals generated by photocatalytic decarboxylation, provides N‐alkyl sulfinamides. The reactions are broad in scope and tolerate a wide variety of functional groups on both the acid and amine components. The sulfinamide products are used to prepare a selection of challenging S(VI) products. The method provides a convenient way to use reactive and unstable alkyl sulfinylamines.
Linearly Arranged Multi‐π‐Stacked Structure for Efficient Through‐Space Charge‐Transfer Emitters
Authors: Qu Yang‐Kun , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Zheng Qi , Zuo Peng , Che Zong‐Lu , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Zuo‐Quan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNoncovalent spatial interaction has become an intriguing and important tool for constructing optoelectronic molecules. In this study, we linearly attached three conjugated units in a multi π‐stacked manner by using just one trident bridge based on indeno[2,1‐b]fluorene. To achieve this structure, we improved the synthetic approach through double C−H activation, significantly simplifying the preparation process. Due to the proximity of the C10, C11, and C12 sites in indeno[2,1‐b]fluorene, we derived two novel donor|acceptor|donor (D|A|D) type molecules, 2DMB and 2DMFB, which exhibited closely packed intramolecular stacking, enabling efficient through‐space charge transfer. This molecular construction is particularly suitable for developing high‐performance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials. With donor(s) and acceptor(s) constrained and separated within this spatially rigid structure, elevated radiative transition rates, and high photoluminescence quantum yields were achieved. Organic light‐emitting diodes incorporating 2DMB and 2DMFB demonstrated superior efficiency, achieving maximum external quantum efficiencies of 28.6 % and 16.2 %, respectively.
Synthesis and Comprehensive Studies of Be‐IV‐N2 (IV=Si, Ge): Solving the Mystery of Wurtzite‐Type Pmc21 Structures
Authors: Krach Georg , Witthaut Kristian , Steinadler Jennifer , Bräuniger Thomas , Milman Victor , Bayarjargal Lkhamsuren , Winkler Björn , Bykova Elena , Bykov Maxim , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe research for wurtzite‐type ternary nitride semiconductors containing earth abundant elements with a stoichiometry of 1 : 1 : 2 was focused on metals like Mg or Zn, so far. The vast majority of these Grimm–Sommerfeld analogue compounds crystallize in the β‐NaFeO2 structure, although a second arrangement in space group Pmc21 is predicted to be a viable alternative. Despite extensive theoretical and experimental studies, this structure has so far remained undiscovered. Herein, we report on BeGeN2 in a Pmc21 structure, synthesized from Be3N2 and Ge3N4 using a high‐pressure high‐temperature approach at 6 GPa and 800 °C. The compound was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, temperature‐dependent PXRD, second harmonic generation (SHG) and UV/Vis measurements and in addition also compared to its lighter homologue BeSiN2 in all mentioned analytic techniques. The synthesis and investigation of both the first beryllium germanium nitride and the first ternary wurtzite‐type nitride crystallizing in space group Pmc21 open the door to a new field of research on wurtzite‐type related structures.
Preparation and performance of quaternary ammonium salt‐containing methacrylate copolymer‐based ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Zhao Zihao , Xue Yunyun , Jiang Yani , Su Qianwei , Cui Ronglu , Yu Wenhan , Yang Wushang , Zhu Liheng , Fang Lifeng , Zhu Baoku 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUltrafiltration (UF) membranes with excellent dye removal and antibacterial activity are highly desired in dye wastewater treatment, and more importantly environmental protection puts high demands on polymeric membrane materials. In this work, three methacrylate copolymers containing quaternary ammonium salt were synthesized to cast UF membranes. The physicochemical property, structural evolution, dye separation, and antibacterial activity of as‐prepared membranes were systematically investigated. With increased content of the hydrophilic monomer allyl polypropylene glycol (APPG) in the feed, the wettability and positive charge of the resultant membranes were enhanced. Remarkably, the supporting layer of membranes changed from finger‐like pore structure to sponge‐like pore structure by increasing APPG content, and the sponge‐like membranes showed higher retention rates for dyes (99.78% for victoria blue B, 90.49% for methylene blue, and 97.43% for methyl blue) compared with the finger‐like membranes. Besides, the sponge‐like membranes exhibited high rejection for vctoria blue B (>99%) in dye/salt mixture and simultaneously low rejection for salts (<10%), indicating effective selective separation to dye/salt mixture, and also achieved easy regeneration. It was also found that increased hydrophilicity and positive charge endowed membranes with better antibacterial activity. This work will provide an alternative for dye/salt selective separation in dye effluent treatment.
The distribution and habitat characterization of the East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) in coastal waters off Qingdao, China: Implications for management and conservation
Authors: Li Yongtao , Cheng Zhaolong , Zuo Tao , Niu Mingxiang , Chen Ruisheng , Wang Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The East Asian finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri) distributes in coastal waters across the western Pacific Ocean, ranging from the Taiwan Strait to northern China, Korea and Japan. Limited baseline data are available for this threatened species, including the coastal region of Qingdao, China, hindering the implementation of conservation management.
The Oceanographic characteristics were derived from on‐board measurements and satellite remote sensing, including depth, slope, sea surface temperature (SST), salinity and chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration. Kernel density estimation (KDE) was utilized to determine the extent of occurrence and core distribution of East Asian finless porpoises.
The surveys covered an area of 4532 km2, encompassing 7314 km of transect lines. The 95% KDE and 50% KDE for East Asian finless porpoises within the study site included 1987 and 297 km2, respectively. The 50% KDE revealed Laoshan Bay as the core distribution zone. Significant relationships were identified between distribution probability and three oceanographic variables: salinity, Chla concentration and distance to shore.
In this study, the Aoshan Bay Marine Park, which was designed with no prior knowledge of East Asian finless porpoise, shows partial overlap with the core distribution for this species. This demonstrates that MPAs (marine protected areas) that are not explicitly designated for marine mammals may not comprehensively address all their specific requirements, but the existence and conservation endeavours associated with the MPAs can still yield substantial positive outcomes for these species. 5. This study provides the inaugural comprehensive baseline data on the population distribution and habitat characteristics of the East Asian finless porpoise. It underscores the necessity for a robust data collection protocol spanning China, Japan and Korea to address the critical shortfall in baseline data and enhance conservation efforts.
Novel therapeutic strategies and drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Shi Zezhou , Zhou Min , Zhai Jingfang , Sun Jie , Wang Xiaojing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology. Currently, drugs used to treat IPF in clinical practice exhibit severe side effects and limitations. To address these issues, this paper discusses the therapeutic effects of preclinical targeted drugs (such as STAT3 and TGF‐β/Smad pathway inhibitors, chitinase inhibitors, PI3K and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, etc.) and natural products on IPF. Through a summary of current research progress, it is found that natural products possess multitarget effects, stable therapeutic efficacy, low side effects, and nondrug dependence. Furthermore, we discuss the significant prospects of natural product molecules in combating fibrosis by influencing the immune system, expecting that current analytical data will aid in the development of new drugs or the investigation of active ingredients in natural products for potential IPF treatments in the future.
Synthesis, biological activities, and structure–activity relationships of Morita–Baylis–Hillman adducts: An update
Authors: Devi Nisha , Pathania Arun Singh , Singh Virender , Sharma Shubham 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction is a unique C–C bond‐forming technique for the generation of multifunctional allylic alcohols (MBH adducts) in a single operation. In recent years, these MBH adducts have emerged as a novel class of compounds with significant biological potential, including anticancer, anti‐leishmanial, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐herbicidal effects and activity against Chagas disease, and so on. The aim of this review is to assimilate the literature findings from 2011 onwards related to the synthesis and biological potential of MBH adducts, with an emphasis on their structure–activity relationships (SAR). Although insight into the biological mechanisms of action for this recently identified pharmacophore is currently in its nascent stages, the mechanisms described so far are reviewed herein.
Control design of quadrotor aircraft based on improved integral backstepping sliding mode
Authors: Jinlong Zhang , Jianhong Wang , Ruchun Wen , Yongjun Ding , Xi Luo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn improved integral backstepping sliding mode control (IIBSMC) strategy is proposed to address the problems of long regulation time and poor disturbance resistance of integral backstepping control (IBC) for quadrotor aircraft. The IIBSMC method first introduces the integral term into the virtual variable on the basis of IBC, which makes the system respond faster, overshoot smaller and anti‐interference performance stronger. After that, combined with sliding mode control, the system is further processed to improve the control performance of the system. Finally, the quadrotor is controlled to achieve fixed‐point hovering and trajectory tracking, and the rotation and translation performance of the aircraft and the stability under external interference are improved. When the quadrotor aircraft is subjected to instantaneous interference, constant interference, sinusoidal interference, white noise interference, and complex interference, the simulation experiments of IBC, improved integral backstepping control (IIBC), integral backstepping sliding mode control (IBSMC), and IIBSMC are compared. It can be obviously found that the IIBSMC method has smaller system overshoot, faster recovery of the original equilibrium position, shorter adjustment time, and smaller error. When using the IIBSMC method to design the controller, the stability of the controller is theoretically proved by backstepping recursion. Finally, the simulation results show that the designed controller can better achieve fixed‐point hovering and trajectory tracking control well.
Recent development on nanomaterial‐based biosensors for identifying thyroid tumor biomarkers
Authors: Xu Kun , Wu XiaoLu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe incidence of thyroid tumors has been increasing yearly over the past decade, making it the fourth highest tumor in women. This places various biological burdens on those affected. Currently, thyroid tumors are primarily diagnosed using percutaneous fine needle aspiration and ultrasound. However, these methods are complex, expensive, and less accurate, and they may fail to detect some thyroid nodules. As an alternative, researchers are focusing on blood‐based biomarkers in addition to the traditional diagnostic methods, assisted predominantly by nanomaterials. Early identification of thyroid cancer is crucial as it is highly treatable. Various sensing systems have been developed using nanomaterial‐mediated approaches to enhance the detection system. Nanomaterials are effectively applied in biosensors for surface functionalization and are conjugated with biomolecules to improve the interaction with the target analyte. This review discusses nanomaterial‐assisted thyroid tumor detection, with a special focus on nanomaterial‐based biosensors.
Targeting protein condensation in cGAS‐STING signaling pathway
Authors: Li Yajie , Zhao Dongbo , Chen Dahua , Sun Qinmiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cGAS‐STING signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in sensing cytosolic DNA and initiating innate immune responses against various threats, with disruptions in this pathway being associated with numerous immune‐related disorders. Therefore, precise regulation of the cGAS‐STING signaling is crucial to ensure appropriate immune responses. Recent research, including ours, underscores the importance of protein condensation in driving the activation and maintenance of innate immune signaling within the cGAS‐STING pathway. Consequently, targeting condensation processes in this pathway presents a promising approach for modulating the cGAS‐STING signaling and potentially managing associated disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies elucidating the role and regulatory mechanism of protein condensation in the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway while emphasizing its pathological implications. Additionally, we explore the potential of understanding and manipulating condensation dynamics to develop novel strategies for mitigating cGAS‐STING‐related disorders in the future.