bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Urine Testing in Outpatients Treated for Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Copp Hillary L. , Yiee Jenny H. , Smith Alexandria , Hanley Janet , Saigal Christopher S. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE:To characterize urine test use in ambulatory, antibiotic-treated pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI).METHODS:We studied children &lt;18 years who had an outpatient UTI and a temporally associated antibiotic prescription from 2002 through 2007 by using a large claims database, Innovus i3. We evaluated urine-testing trends and performed multivariable logistic regression to assess for factors associated with urine culture use.RESULTS:Of 40 603 treated UTI episodes in 28 678 children, urinalysis was performed in 76%, and urine culture in 57%; 32% of children &lt;2 years had no urinalysis or culture performed for an antibiotic-treated UTI episode. Urine culture use decreased during the study period from 60% to 54% (P &lt; .001). We observed variation in urine culture use with age (&lt;2 years: odds ratio [OR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–1.1; 2–5 years: OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4; 6–12 years: OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4, compared with 13–17 years); gender (boys: OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.8–0.9); and specialty (pediatrics: OR 2.6, 95% CI 2.5–2.8; emergency medicine, OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3; urology: OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.6, compared with family/internal medicine). Recent antibiotic exposure (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.2) and empirical broad-spectrum prescription (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.2) were associated with urine culture use, whereas previous UTI and urologic anomalies were not.CONCLUSIONS:Providers often do not obtain urine tests when prescribing antibiotics for outpatient pediatric UTI. Variation in urine culture use was observed based on age, gender, and physician specialty. Additional research is necessary to determine the implications of empirical antibiotic prescription for pediatric UTI without confirmatory urine testing.
Cost-Effectiveness of Routine Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in US Newborns
Authors: Peterson Cora , Grosse Scott D. , Oster Matthew E. , Olney Richard S. , Cassell Cynthia H. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVES:
Clinical evidence indicates newborn critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening through pulse oximetry is lifesaving. In 2011, CCHD was added to the US Recommended Uniform Screening Panel for newborns. Several states have implemented or are considering screening mandates. This study aimed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of routine screening among US newborns unsuspected of having CCHD.

METHODS:
We developed a cohort model with a time horizon of infancy to estimate the inpatient medical costs and health benefits of CCHD screening. Model inputs were derived from new estimates of hospital screening costs and inpatient care for infants with late-detected CCHD, defined as no diagnosis at the birth hospital. We estimated the number of newborns with CCHD detected at birth hospitals and life-years saved with routine screening compared with no screening.

RESULTS:
Screening was estimated to incur an additional cost of $6.28 per newborn, with incremental costs of $20 862 per newborn with CCHD detected at birth hospitals and $40 385 per life-year gained (2011 US dollars). We estimated 1189 more newborns with CCHD would be identified at birth hospitals and 20 infant deaths averted annually with screening. Another 1975 false-positive results not associated with CCHD were estimated to occur, although these results had a minimal impact on total estimated costs.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides the first US cost-effectiveness analysis of CCHD screening in the United States could be reasonably cost-effective. We anticipate data from states that have recently approved or initiated CCHD screening will become available over the next few years to refine these projections.
Use of Conventional and Novel Smokeless Tobacco Products Among US Adolescents
Authors: Agaku Israel T. , Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan A. , Vardavas Constantine I. , Alpert Hillel R. , Connolly Gregory N. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the prevalence and correlates of use of conventional and novel smokeless tobacco products among a national sample of US middle and high school students.

METHODS:
Data from the 2011 National Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed to determine national estimates of current use of conventional (“chewing tobacco”, “snuff,” or “dip”), novel (“snus” and “dissolvable tobacco products”), and any smokeless tobacco products (novel and/or conventional products) within the past 30 days.

RESULTS:
The overall prevalence of current use of any smokeless tobacco product was 5.6% (n = 960). Among all students, 5.0% used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip; 1.9% used snus; and 0.3% used dissolvable tobacco products. Among users of any smokeless tobacco, 64.0% used only conventional products, 26.8% were concurrent users of novel plus conventional products, whereas 9.2% exclusively used novel products. Approximately 72.1% of current any smokeless tobacco users concurrently smoked combustible tobacco products, and only 40.1% expressed an intention to quit all tobacco use. Regression analyses indicated that peer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 9.56; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.14–12.80) and household (aOR: 3.32; 95% CI: 2.23–4.95) smokeless tobacco use were associated with smokeless tobacco use, whereas believing that all forms of tobacco are harmful was protective (aOR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.38–0.79).

CONCLUSIONS:
Conventional smokeless tobacco products remain the predominant form of smokeless tobacco use. Most users of novel smokeless tobacco products also concurrently smoked combustible tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco use was associated with lower perception of harm from all tobacco products and protobacco social influences, indicating the need to change youth perceptions about the use of all tobacco products and to engage pediatricians in tobacco use prevention and cessation interventions.
Risk-Adjusted Hospital Outcomes for Children’s Surgery
Authors: Saito Jacqueline M. , Chen Li Ern , Hall Bruce L. , Kraemer Kari , Barnhart Douglas C. , Byrd Claudia , Cohen Mark E. , Fei Chunyuan , Heiss Kurt F. , Huffman Kristopher , Ko Clifford Y. , Latus Melissa , Meara John G. , Oldham Keith T. , Raval Mehul V. , Richards Karen E. , Shah Rahul K. , Sutton Laura C. , Vinocur Charles D. , Moss R. Lawrence 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUNDThe American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric was initiated in 2008 to drive quality improvement in children’s surgery. Low mortality and morbidity in previous analyses limited differentiation of hospital performance.METHODS:Participating institutions included children’s units within general hospitals and free-standing children’s hospitals. Cases selected by Current Procedural Terminology codes encompassed procedures within pediatric general, otolaryngologic, orthopedic, urologic, plastic, neurologic, thoracic, and gynecologic surgery. Trained personnel abstracted demographic, surgical profile, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. Incorporating procedure-specific risk, hierarchical models for 30-day mortality and morbidities were developed with significant predictors identified by stepwise logistic regression. Reliability was estimated to assess the balance of information versus error within models.RESULTS:In 2011, 46 281 patients from 43 hospitals were accrued; 1467 codes were aggregated into 226 groupings. Overall mortality was 0.3%, composite morbidity 5.8%, and surgical site infection (SSI) 1.8%. Hierarchical models revealed outlier hospitals with above or below expected performance for composite morbidity in the entire cohort, pediatric abdominal subgroup, and spine subgroup; SSI in the entire cohort and pediatric abdominal subgroup; and urinary tract infection in the entire cohort. Based on reliability estimates, mortality discriminates performance poorly due to very low event rate; however, reliable model construction for composite morbidity and SSI that differentiate institutions is feasible.CONCLUSIONS:The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric expansion has yielded risk-adjusted models to differentiate hospital performance in composite and specific morbidities. However, mortality has low utility as a children’s surgery performance indicator. Programmatic improvements have resulted in actionable data.
Validating the Clinical Use of the Modified Huddart and Bodenham Scoring System for Outcome in Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Dobbyn Lorna , Gillgrass Toby , McIntyre Grant , Macfarlane Tatiana , Mossey Peter 
Published: August 2013

Objective The aim of this study was to validate the clinical use of the modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring system for the measurement of maxillary arch constriction in children born with cleft lip and/or palate. Design The study design consisted of a reliability assessment between clinical and study model scoring. Setting The study was carried out in cleft clinics at three hospital-based orthodontic units. Participants A total of 53 subjects were recruited when attending routine clinic appointments and gave informed consent to participate. Intervention The modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring system was applied to study models for 53 subjects by all examiners; whereas, one examiner scored 53 subjects clinically, the other two examiners scored 25 and 28 subjects, respectively, on two occasions at least 1 month apart. Main Outcome Measure Reliability of modified Huddart and Bodenham scoring clinically and on study models was compared. Results When scoring clinically with the modified Huddart and Bodenham index on two occasions, the intraexaminer and interexaminer intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated a high level of repeatability and reliability (ICC range, 0.941 to 0.989). The Bland-Altman plots did not show any areas of systematic bias. The ICC between clinical and model scores for each examiner ranged between 0.923 and 0.959. The Bland-Altman plots did not show any areas of systematic bias. The ICC between clinical and model scores for each examiner ranged between 0.923 and 0.959. Canines had lower reliability than molars and incisors. Conclusions There was excellent intraexaminer and interexaminer agreement both on study models and in the intraoral scoring using the modified Huddart and Bodenham index. In addition, there was a high degree of correlation between study model and clinical scores using this index.
Aspirin-loaded P(3HO)/P(3HB) blend films: potential materials for biodegradable drug-eluting stents
Authors: Basnett Pooja , Ching Kuan Yong , Stolz Martin , Knowles Jonathan C. , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Smith Caroline , Locke Ian C. , Roy Ipsita 
Published: August 2013

Poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate)/poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HO)/P(3HB), blend films loaded with aspirin were prepared, and the influence of aspirin loading on the surface properties, mechanical, thermal and degradation properties were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the addition of aspirin introduced a new topography on the surface of the blend films. Aspirin contributed to the increase in the hydrophilic nature of the blend films compared with the unloaded blend films. This was complemented by a considerable increase in the total protein adsorption in the aspirin-loaded blend films. The percentage cell viability was higher in the aspirin-loaded blend films compared with the unloaded blend films. There was a decrease in the tensile strength and the Young’s modulus with the addition of the aspirin. However, the percentage elongation at break, a measure of elasticity, was higher in the aspirin-loaded films, indicating an increase in their flexibility compared with the unloaded blend films. There was a decrease in the melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crystallization temperature (Tc) due to the decrease in the crystallinity of the aspirin-loaded blend films in comparison with the unloaded blend films. Finally, controlled release of aspirin was observed without any burst release, and 96·6% release was achieved within 25 d, ideal for the development of biodegradable drug-eluting stents.
“There Is No Map and There Is No Road”: Theorising Best Practice in the Provision of Creative Writing Therapy
Authors: Pert Rebecca 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
A host of recent studiesii have shown that creative acts such as writing have significant psychological, social, and emotional benefits. In the past few decades many healthcare settings have implemented creative writing groups as a complement to more traditional medical interventions for a wide variety of illnesses. However, the relative novelty of creative writing therapy, coupled with its conflicting artistic and medical aims, may mean that a writer who is considering leading such a group might be unclear as to what her role entails: whether she is primarily a teacher, mentor, or therapist; how much control she should exert over the patients’ creative output; the type of feedback, if any, she should give, and how to respond to upsetting or disturbing writing. This paper explores how various experts, from both artistic and medical backgrounds, have theorised what constitutes best practice in creative writing therapy, focussing specifically on the treatment of mental illness. The paper concludes that, as with more traditional medical interventions, creative writing therapy will work differently for each individual - indeed, for some, it may have adverse side-effects. As such, a practitioner must adopt an intuitive, empathetic, flexible approach, practising intense and constant self-reflection, and allowing patients their autonomy while still actively nurturing their development.
The Writer Walking the Dog: Creative Writing Practice and Everyday Life
Authors: Williams Tony 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Creative writing happens in and alongside the writer’s everyday life, but little attention has been paid to the relationship between the two and the contribution made by everyday activities in enabling and shaping creative practice. The work of the anthropologist Tim Ingold supports the argument that creative writing research must consider the bodily lived experience of the writer in order fully to understand and develop creative practice. Dog-walking is one activity which shapes my own creative practice, both by its influence on my social and cultural identity and by providing a time and space for specific acts instrumental to the writing process to occur. The complex socio-cultural context of rural dog-walking may be examined both through critical reflection and creative work. The use of dog-walking for reflection and unconscious creative thought is considered in relation to Romantic models of writing and walking through landscape. While dog-walking is a specific activity with its own peculiarities, the study provides a case study for creative writers to use in developing their own practice in relation to other everyday activities from running and swimming to shopping, gardening and washing up.
On extended eigenvalues and extended eigenvectors
of truncated shift
Authors: Alkanjo Hasan 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this paper we consider the truncated shift operator Su on
the model space K2
u := H2 θ uH2. We say that a complex number λ is an extended eigenvalue of Su if there exists a
nonzero operator X, called extended eigenvector associated
to λ, and satisfying the equation SuX = λXSu. We give a
complete description of the set of extended eigenvectors of
Su, in the case of u is a Blaschke product..
La télé‑administration : un rouage économique et démocratique pour l'Union européenne ?
Authors: Beauchesne Bénédicte 
Published: August 2013

Résumé	Le développement des réseaux transeuropéens de communication a placé les télé‑administrations nationales au cœur de l’action multiforme menée par l’Union européenne. Désormais considérés comme un levier économique et un facteur de croissance essentiels pour l’Europe, des télé‑services ont également été mis en place par les institutions communautaires. Se posant en modèle, la Commission leur prête un rôle démocratique ne correspondant pas toujours à la réalité.
Extraqual : l'extranet de la qualité et de la simplification du droit
Authors: Cottin Stéphane 
Published: August 2013

Résumé Le secrétariat général du gouvernement français a ouvert depuis mai 2010 un extranet dit « de la qualité et de la simplification du droit » ou Extraqual . Cet extranet met à disposition de l’ensemble de l’administration centrale des tableaux de suivi, des guides de bonnes pratiques et des espaces d’information sur les diverses étapes de l’activité normative : depuis l’élaboration des études d’impact jusqu’au suivi de l’application des lois, en passant par l’aide à la rédaction (légistique) et la publication des normes. Site d’accompagnement et de promotion des meilleurs usages, cet espace collaboratif numérique est un outil désormais reconnu et utilisé par tous les acteurs de la chaîne de production normative. Il a acquis une grande importance dans le travail des directions des affaires juridiques des ministères ou dans la communauté SOLON (Système d’organisation en ligne des opérations normatives).
Les mots de la modernisation des relations administratives
Authors: Koubi Geneviève 
Published: August 2013

Résumé	L’administration électronique ou numérique engage autant les administrés que les administrations. Or, pour certaines de ses réalisations, le choix du terme de	téléservice	conduit à mettre en exergue les mesures prises pour la simplification des relations entre administrations et administrés. La distinction entre services en ligne, services à distance et téléservices permettrait de distinguer d’une part la confirmation de la réduction du service public à la prestation et, d’autre part, la consolidation de la rhétorique d’un usager non plus acteur mais assujetti.
Analyse du rôle opératoire des téléservices en tant qu'instrument d'explicitation
Authors: Legrand Jacky 
Published: August 2013

Résumé	Les téléservices contribuent à l’émergence de l’administration électronique. Ils permettent d’étendre la signification donnée actuellement par l’administration et le droit à la « relation avec les usagers ». Les téléservices nourrissent la réflexion sur les effets d’une technologie qui s’est intégrée à la vie quotidienne. Grâce aux téléservices, le service public s’offre un accès à l’usager et passe de la séduction à travers les technologies de l’information et de la communication à la séduction à l’aide des technologies de l’information et de la communication. La notion de micro‑persuasion, en tant qu’influence induite par la technologie elle‑même, permet d’étudier les modifications d’attitude du nouvel usager en interaction et connecté. La notion de macro‑persuasion, en tant qu’intention de modifier les comportements par un outil dédié, permet d’étudier la dématérialisation de la relation sociale.
Télémedecine et téléservice public
Authors: Renaudie Olivier 
Published: August 2013

Résumé	La télémédecine, entendue comme une forme de pratique médicale à distance utilisant les technologies de l’information et de la communication, est généralement présentée par ses promoteurs comme un puissant levier de modernisation du système de soins. Elle n’en est pas moins à l’origine de nombreuses interrogations. Les premières sont relatives à sa qualification : il est ainsi permis de se demander si la télémédecine peut être considérée comme un téléservice public. Les secondes sont relatives à son régime juridique : on peut s’interroger sur le point de savoir si celui‑ci est à la hauteur des enjeux suscités par une telle activité.
Quelles possibilités offertes par l'analyse des big data pour améliorer les téléservices publics ?
Authors: Hamel Marie-Pierre , Marguerit David 
Published: August 2013

Résumé	En croisant les données de plus en plus considérables dont disposent les administrations, l’analyse des	Big Data	offre de nombreuses possibilités pour améliorer les téléservices publics. Cette contribution s’intéresse à ces développements qui permettent d’améliorer les services aux usagers et les performances des administrations publiques.
Architecture and Existing Applications for Internet of Things
Authors: Li Xiao Jing , Wang Di 
Published: August 2013

The Internet of Things (IoT) implies a symbiotic interaction among the real/physical, the digital/virtual worlds. Internet of Things is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual things have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. In order to think of the possible applications for the Internet of Things, we list out the main application domains. The characteristics of each domain and some indicative examples are presented.	Some existing Applications of IoT are also discussed in this paper.
Receptor-Interacting Protein 2 Gene Silencing Attenuates Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Goh Fera Y. , Cook Katrina L. T. P. , Upton Nadine , Tao Lin , Lah Lin Chin , Leung Bernard P. , Wong W. S. Fred 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Persistent activation of NF-κB has been associated with the development of asthma. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (Rip2) is a transcriptional product of NF-κB activation. It is an adaptor protein with serine/threonine kinase activity and has been shown to positively regulate NF-κB activity. We investigated potential protective effects of Rip2 gene silencing using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in an OVA-induced mouse asthma model. Rip2 protein level was found to be upregulated in allergic airway inflammation. A potent and selective Rip2 siRNA given intratracheally knocked down Rip2 expression in OVA-challenged lungs and reduced OVA-induced increases in total and eosinophil counts, and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-33, and eotaxin levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Rip2 silencing blocked OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and mucus hypersecretion as observed in lung sections, and mRNA expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin, RANTES, IL-17, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, inducible NO synthase, and MUC5ac in lung tissues. In addition, elevation of serum OVA-specific IgE level in mouse asthma model was markedly suppressed by Rip2 siRNA, together with reduced IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 production in lymph node cultures. Furthermore, Rip2 siRNA-treated mice produced significantly less airway hyperresponsiveness induced by methacholine. Mechanistically, Rip2 siRNA was found to enhance cytosolic level of IκBα and block p65 nuclear translocation and DNA-binding activity in lung tissues from OVA-challenged mice. Taken together, our findings clearly show that knockdown of Rip2 by gene silencing ameliorates experimental allergic airway inflammation, probably via interruption of NF-κB activity, confirming Rip2 a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic asthma.