bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of Bixalomer Versus Sevelamer Hydrochloride in Hemodialysis Patients With Hyperphosphatemia
Authors: Akizawa Tadao , Origasa Hideki , Kameoka Chisato , Kaneko Yuichiro , Kawasaki Shigenori ,   Bixalomer Study Group
Published: August 2013

AbstractHyperphosphatemia is a prognostic factor for morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Bixalomer is a nonabsorbable polymer that decreases serum phosphate levels by binding phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract. This study compared the efficacy and safety of bixalomer versus sevelamer hydrochloride for controlling hyperphosphatemia in hemodialysis patients. This was a multicenter, randomized open‐label, non‐inferiority study. The primary endpoint was serum phosphate on completion of treatment. Administration of bixalomer was started at 1.5 g/day and adjusted to a maximum of 7.5 g/day depending on the serum phosphate level. Sevelamer hydrochloride was started at 3.0 or 6.0 g/day and adjusted to a maximum of 9.0 g/day. Treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Fifty‐five patients were randomized to each treatment group. After 12 weeks, the baseline adjusted mean serum phosphate level was 5.87 mg/dL in the bixalomer group and 5.55 mg/dL in the sevelamer group, with a difference of 0.31 mg/dL and 95% confidence interval (CI) of [−0.13 to 0.76]. The upper limit of the 95%CI for the difference of the mean serum phosphate level between the two groups was <1.0 mg/dL, which was the non‐inferiority margin in this study. Thus, non‐inferiority of bixalomer to sevelamer was confirmed. The incidence of adverse events was lower in the bixalomer group, and bixalomer did not promote acidosis. Bixalomer achieved a similar reduction of serum phosphate to sevelamer, while causing fewer adverse reactions. Consequently, the usefulness of bixalomer for treating hyperphosphatemia was confirmed.
Lack of mitochondrial DNA structure in Balkan donkey is consistent with a quick spread of the species after domestication
Authors: Pérez‐Pardal L. , Grizelj J. , Traoré A. , Cubric‐Curik V. , Arsenos G. , Dovenski T. , Marković B. , Fernández I. , Cuervo M. , Álvarez I. , Beja‐Pereira A. , Curik I. , Goyache F. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA total of 132 mtDNA sequences from 10 Balkan donkey populations were analysed to ascertain their regional genetic structure and to contribute to the knowledge of the spreading of the species after domestication. The Balkan donkey sequences were compared with those from 40 Burkina Faso donkeys as an African outgroup to account for possible local Balkan scenarios. The 172 sequences gave 62 different haplotypes (55 in Balkan donkey). Virtually all the analysed populations had haplotypes assigned to either Clade 1 or Clade 2 even though the relative proportion of Clade 1 or 2 haplotypes differed across populations. Geographical maps constructed using factors computed via principal component analysis showed that the Balkan donkey populations are not spatially structured. AMOVA confirmed a lack of genetic structure in Balkan donkey mtDNA. Balkan populations were poorly differentiated (ΦST = 0.071). Differentiation between the Balkan donkey and the African outgroup also was low. The lack of correspondence between geographical areas and maternal genetic structure is consistent with the hypothesis suggesting a very quick spread of the species after domestication. The current research illustrates the difficulties to trace routes of expansion in donkey, as the species has no geographical structure.
Accuracy of visual prediction of pathology of colorectal polyps: how accurate are we?
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Frye John , Frizelle Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundSmall and diminutive polyps seen at colonoscopy could be left unresected because of a balance of risks between perceived low malignant potential and complications of removing the polyp. This relies on a high accuracy in prediction of the pathology of the polyp. This study was undertaken to determine if experienced endoscopists could determine the histological types of polyps found at colonoscopy.MethodsWe performed a prospective study at Christchurch Hospital from December 2010 to December 2012. Gastroenterologists and surgeons were asked to fill out a questionnaire at time of colonic polypectomy, predicting pathology of polyp excised. Data were collected on indication for colonoscopy, location, size of polyp and use of narrow band imaging. Predictive accuracy was then calculated.ResultsA total of 527 polyps were excised from 258 patients. Ninety‐one per cent were less than 1 cm. Predictive accuracy of hyperplastic polyps was 47%. Of the 53% wrong predictions, 82% were adenomas. Predictive accuracy of adenoma was 42%, with 66% of incorrect predictions being hyperplastic polyps. Accuracy was lowest in the right colon, with only 25% of predicted hyperplastic polyps actually being hyperplastic. A patient's age, sex, polyp size and site did not affect prediction accuracy. Overall accuracy of visual prediction of pathology of all colorectal polyps was 45%. Narrow band imaging was used too infrequently to determine how useful it was.ConclusionPathology of colorectal polyps cannot be accurately predicted visually alone. All polyps visualized at colonoscopy should be excised for ex vivo histology, regardless of size, location or predicted pathology.
Comparison of Hemolysis Between CentriMag and RotaFlow Rotary Blood Pumps During Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
Authors: Palanzo David A. , El‐Banayosy Aly , Stephenson Edward , Brehm Christoph , Kunselman Allen , Pae Walter E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to compare the hemolysis levels for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) incorporating two different rotary blood pumps (CentriMag [CMAG] and RotaFlow [RF]) in identical circuits otherwise. The difference between the two pumps is the cost. One is 20–30 times less expensive than the other. A retrospective analysis of all patients placed on ECMO from June 2008 through May 2012 was done to evaluate hemolysis. Daily plasma hemoglobin (pHb), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate levels were collected on all patients. Values were compared between those patients who received a CMAG and those who received an RF. Patients had to be on ECMO for more than 2 days to be included in the study. Linear mixed effects models were fit to the data to assess differences over time for each continuous outcome. Forty patients were placed on ECMO incorporating CMAG, whereas 40 patients received an RF. There were no significant statistical differences between CMAG and RF groups when comparing days on support (8.7 ± 5.0; 8.4 ± 5.7), age (44.8 ± 18.3; 46.1 ± 16.0), body surface area (2.03 ± 0.36; 1.96 ± 0.31), gender (male: 58%, female: 42%; male: 55%, female: 45%), etiology, type of support (veno‐arterial [VA)]: 78%, veno‐venous [VV)]: 22%; VA: 82%, VV: 18%) and pre‐ECMO LDH levels (4004.0 ± 3583.2; 3603.7 ± 3354.1). There were also no significant differences between the CMAG and RF groups when comparing the mean values for daily pHb levels (5.7 ± 3.6; 5.7 ± 4.2), lactate levels (2.8 ± 1.9; 3.0 ± 2.1), and LDH levels (2656.3 ± 1606.8; 2688.6 ± 1726.1) or daily lactate, LDH, and pHb levels for the first 10 days of support. From our investigation, there is no difference between the CMAG and the RF blood pumps in regard to the creation of hemolysis during ECMO. The difference in cost of the devices does not correlate with the performance and outcomes.
The Evaluation of Leukocytes in Response to the In Vitro Testing of Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Chan Chris H.H. , Hilton Andrew , Foster Graham , Hawkins Karl M. , Badiei Nafiseh , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInfection is a clinically relevant adverse event in patients with ventricular assist device (VAD) support. The risk of infection could be linked to a reduced immune response resulting from damage to leukocytes during VAD support. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of leukocyte responses during the in vitro testing of VADs by analyzing the changes to their morphology and biochemistry. The VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump (IRBP) and RotaFlow centrifugal pump (CP) were tested in vitro under constant hemodynamic conditions. Automated hematology analysis of samples collected regularly over 25‐h tests was undertaken. A new flow cytometric assay was employed to measure biochemical alteration, necrosis (7‐AAD) and morphological alteration (CD45 expression) of the circulating leukocytes during the pumping process. The results of hematology analysis show the total leukocyte number and subset counts decreased over the period of in vitro tests dependent on different blood pumps. The percentage of leukocytes damaged during 6‐h tests was 40.8 ± 5.7% for the VentrAssist IRBP, 17.6 ± 5.4% for the RotaFlow CP, and 2.7 ± 1.8% for the static control (all n = 5). Flow cytometric monitoring of CD45 expression and forward/side scatter characteristics revealed leukocytes that were fragmented into smaller pieces (microparticles). Scanning electron microscopy and imaging flow cytometry were used to confirm this. Device developers could use these robust cellular assays to gain a better understanding of leukocyte‐specific VAD performance.
Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness measured by Spectralis spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Zhao Liang , Wang Yaxing , Chen Chang X. , Xu Liang , Jonas Jost B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to measure retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and its associated factors in a population‐based setting.MethodsThe population‐based Beijing Eye Study 2011 included 3468 individuals. The study participants underwent spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis®; Spectralis OCT)–assisted measurement of the RNFLT. For this study, exclusion criteria were glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, best‐corrected visual acuity of >0.5 logMAR, macular diseases, previous ocular surgery and known neurological diseases. The only inclusion criterion was an age of 50+ years.ResultsThe inclusion criteria were fulfilled by 2548 participants. Mean RNFLT was 102 ± 11 μm. RNFLT was significantly (p < 0.001) thicker in the temporal inferior sector (153 ± 21 μm) than in the temporal superior sector (138 ± 21 μm), nasal inferior sector (118 ± 24 μm), nasal superior sector (106 ± 21 μm), temporal sector (76 ± 13 μm) and nasal sector (73 ± 15 μm). The mean intereye difference in RNFLT was 4.4 ± 6.0 μm. In multivariate analysis, thicker RNFLT was associated with younger age (p < 0.001), female gender (p < 0.001), urban region (p = 0.003), larger optic disc size (p < 0.001), larger neuroretinal rim area (p < 0.001), hyperopic refractive error (p < 0.001), larger beta zone of parapapillary atrophy (p = 0.008) and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (p = 0.02). RNFLT decreased by about 0.2 μm (0.2%) per year of life and by 1 μm (1%) per dioptre of myopia.ConclusionMean RNFLT (measured by Spectralis® OCT; 102 ± 11 μm) was associated with younger age, female gender, urban region of habitation, larger optic disc, larger rim, hyperopic refractive error, larger parapapillary beta zone and thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness. Independent of age and refractive error, the RNFL was thickest temporal inferiorly and thinnest temporally and nasally.
A paired comparison of intracameral mydriatics in refractive lens exchange surgery
Authors: Lundqvist Oskar , Koskela Timo , Behndig Anders 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and intra‐operative safety of intracameral mydriatics to topical mydriatics in patients undergoing refractive lens exchange (RLE) surgery.MethodsIn a randomized intra‐individually comparing study performed at Koskelas Eye Clinic, Luleå, and Department of Clinical Sciences/Ophthalmology, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden, 56 patients undergoing same‐day bilateral RLE were included. Pupils were randomly dilated with topical mydriatics in one eye and intracameral mydriatics in the fellow eye. Pupil sizes were recorded intra‐operatively throughout the procedures. Perceived pain/discomfort and glare were assessed immediately postoperatively using a visual analogue scale from 0 to 10.ResultsTopical mydriatics and intracameral mydriatics both give satisfactory pupil dilation in routine RLE. However, there was noticeable iris billowing in 17 eyes dilated with topical mydriatics but only one eye with intracameral mydriatics (p < 0.001). Pupils were initially slightly larger in the topical mydriatics group but contracted during surgery. There was no perceived difference with regards to glare, pain or discomfort between the treatments. The surgeon graded intracameral mydriatics eyes as easier to operate on.ConclusionBoth topical mydriatics and intracameral mydriatics give satisfactory mydriasis for RLE, but pupil constriction and iris billowing are more pronounced with topical mydriatics.
CPAP‐induced mania in bipolar disorder: a case report
Authors: Aggarwal Richa , Baweja Raman , Saunders Erika FH , Singareddy Ravi 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveIn this case report we present our clinical observations of two patients with bipolar disorder with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) who were treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for their sleep apnea.BackgroundBipolar disorder is a psychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of one or more episodes of mania and frequent episodes of depression. This disorder affects approximately 0.8% of the adult population, with estimates from community samples ranging between 0.4% and 1.6%. OSA syndrome is a severe sleep disorder with a prevalence of 2–4% in the general population, the risk of which is increased by obesity. The prevalence of OSA is expected to be high in bipolar disorder due to high comorbid obesity. It is expected that improvement in OSA in patients with bipolar disorder with CPAP will improve mood and other symptoms of bipolar disorder. However, there is a relative lack of data examining this aspect.ResultsIn both cases of bipolar disorder, CPAP was started after a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA and CPAP titration study indicating that most of the apneas/hypopneas were eliminated with a significant improvement in oxygen saturation. To our surprise, we noted that in both of these cases initiation of CPAP resulted in manic symptoms.ConclusionsClinicians need to monitor patients with bipolar disorder closely for worsening of manic symptoms when they are started on CPAP for underlying OSA.
Guideline on the prevention of secondary central nervous system lymphoma: British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Authors: McMillan Andrew , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Cwynarski Kate , Lyttelton Matthew , McKay Pam , Montoto Silvia 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe guideline group was selected to be representative of UK‐based medical experts. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE and NCBI Pubmed were searched systematically for publications in English from 1980 to 2012 using the MeSH subheading ‘lymphoma, CNS’, ‘lymphoma, central nervous system’, ‘lymphoma, high grade’, ‘lymphoma, Burkitt's’, ‘lymphoma, lymphoblastic’ and ‘lymphoma, diffuse large B cell’ as keywords, as well as all subheadings. The writing group produced the draft guideline, which was subsequently revised by consensus by members of the Haemato‐oncology Task Force of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology (BCSH). The guideline was then reviewed by a sounding board of ~50 UK haematologists, the BCSH and the British Society for Haematology (BSH) Committee and comments incorporated where appropriate. The ‘GRADE’ system was used to quote levels and grades of evidence, details of which can be found in Appendix I. The objective of this guideline is to provide healthcare professionals with clear guidance on the optimal prevention of secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. The guidance may not be appropriate to patients of all lymphoma sub‐types and in all cases individual patient circumstances may dictate an alternative approach. Acronyms are defined at time of first use.
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and clonal deletion of both 17p13.1 and 11q22.3 have a very poor prognosis
Authors: Greipp Patricia T. , Smoley Stephanie A. , Viswanatha David S. , Frederick Lori S. , Rabe Kari G. , Sharma Ruchi G. , Slager Susan L. , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Tschumper Renee C. , Zent Clive S. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDetection of a 17p13.1 deletion (loss of TP53) or 11q22.3 deletion (loss of ATM), by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients is associated with a poorer prognosis. Because TP53 and ATM are integral to the TP53 pathway, we hypothesized that 17p13.1‐ (17p‐) and 11q22.3‐ (11q‐) occurring in the same cell (clonal 17p‐/11q‐) would confer a worse prognosis than either 17p‐ or 11q‐. We studied 2184 CLL patients with FISH (1995–2012) for the first occurrence of 17p‐, 11q‐, or clonal 17p‐/11q‐. Twenty (1%) patients had clonal 17p–/11q‐, 158 (7%) had 17p‐ (including 4 with 17p‐ and 11q‐ in separate clones), 247 (11%) had 11q‐, and 1759 (81%) had neither 17p‐ nor 11q‐. Eleven of 15 (73%) tested patients with clonal 17p‐/11q‐ had dysfunctional TP53 mutations. Overall survival for clonal 17p‐/11q‐ was significantly shorter (1·9 years) than 17p‐ (3·1 years, P = 0·04), 11q‐ (4·8 years, P ≤ 0·0001), or neither 17p‐ nor 11q‐ (9·3 years, P ≤ 0·0001). Clonal 17p‐/11q‐ thus conferred significantly worse prognosis, suggesting that loss of at least one copy of both TP53 and ATM causes more aggressive disease. Use of an ATM/TP53 combination FISH probe set could identify these very‐high risk patients.
Targeted resequencing for analysis of clonal composition of recurrent gene mutations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Jethwa Alexander , Hüllein Jennifer , Stolz Tatjana , Blume Carolin , Sellner Leopold , Jauch Anna , Sill Martin , Kater Arnon P. , te Raa G. Doreen , Geisler Christian , van Oers Marinus , Dietrich Sascha , Dreger Peter , Ho Anthony D. , Paruzynski Anna , Schmidt Manfred , von Kalle Christof , Glimm Hanno , Zenz Thorsten 
Published: August 2013

SummaryRecurrent gene mutations contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We developed a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) platform to determine the genetic profile, intratumoural heterogeneity, and clonal structure of two independent CLL cohorts. TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 were most frequently mutated (16·3%, 16·9%, 10·7%). We found evidence for subclonal mutations in 67·5% of CLL cases with mutations of cancer consensus genes. We observed selection of subclones and found initial evidence for convergent mutations in CLL. Our data suggest that assessment of (sub)clonal structure may need to be integrated into analysis of the mutational profile in CLL.
Mechanisms and ecological role of carbon transfer within coastal seascapes
Authors: Hyndes Glenn A. , Nagelkerken Ivan , McLeod Rebecca J. , Connolly Rod M. , Lavery Paul S. , Vanderklift Mathew A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTWorldwide, coastal systems provide some of the most productive habitats, which potentially influence a range of marine and terrestrial ecosystems through the transfer of nutrients and energy. Several reviews have examined aspects of connectivity within coastal seascapes, but the scope of those reviews has been limited to single systems or single vectors. We use the transfer of carbon to examine the processes of connectivity through multiple vectors in multiple ecosystems using four coastal seascapes as case studies. We discuss and compare the main vectors of carbon connecting different ecosystems, and then the natural and human‐induced factors that influence the magnitude of effect for those vectors on recipient systems. Vectors of carbon transfer can be grouped into two main categories: detrital particulate organic carbon (POC) and its associated dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC/DIC) that are transported passively; and mobile consumers that transport carbon actively. High proportions of net primary production can be exported over meters to hundreds of kilometers from seagrass beds, algal reefs and mangroves as POC, with its export dependent on wind‐generated currents in the first two of these systems and tidal currents for the last. By contrast, saltmarshes export large quantities of DOC through tidal movement, while land run‐off plays a critical role in the transport of terrestrial POC and DOC into temperate fjords. Nekton actively transfers carbon across ecosystem boundaries through foraging movements, ontogenetic migrations, or ‘trophic relays’, into and out of seagrass beds, mangroves or saltmarshes. The magnitude of these vectors is influenced by: the hydrodynamics and geomorphology of the region; the characteristics of the carbon vector, such as their particle size and buoyancy; and for nekton, the extent and frequency of migrations between ecosystems. Through a risk‐assessment process, we have identified the most significant human disturbances that affect the integrity of connectivity among ecosystems. Loss of habitat, net primary production (NPP) and overfishing pose the greatest risks to carbon transfer in temperate saltmarsh and tropical estuaries, particularly through their effects on nekton abundance and movement. In comparison, habitat/NPP loss and climate change are likely to be the major risks to carbon transfer in temperate fjords and temperate open coasts through alteration in the amount of POC and/or DOC/DIC being transported. While we have highlighted the importance of these vectors in coastal seascapes, there is limited quantitative data on the effects of these vectors on recipient systems. It is only through quantifying those subsidies that we can effectively incorporate complex interactions into the management of the marine environment and its resources.
Surface Analysis of Titanium Biological Modification with Glow Discharge
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chi , Feng Sheng‐Wei , Huang Haw‐Ming , Teng Nai‐Chia , Lin Che‐Tong , Lin Hsi‐Kuei , Wang Peter‐D , Chang Wei‐Jen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundGlow discharge plasma (GDP) technology has been used to graft various proteins to the titanium surface, including albumin, type I collagen, but without fibronectin.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate and analyze the physical properties of fibronectin‐grafted titanium surfaces after GDP treatment.Materials and MethodsGrade II titanium discs after cleaning and autoclaving were considered as original specimens, thus divided into four groups. The groups were different upon two treatments (GDP only and fibronectin grafting after GDP) and two storage temperature (4°C and 25°C). The implant surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), roughness measurement, and wettability evaluation. The concentration relationship of fibronectin was by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling.ResultsSEM images showed that regular planar texture revealed on the surface of GDP‐treated group, and irregular‐folding protein was found on the fibronectin‐grafted discs. Fibronectin‐grafted groups had higher hydrophilicity and greater surface roughness than GDP‐treated specimens. The storage temperature did not make obvious difference on the surface topography, wettability, and roughness. The number of fibronectin dots on the titanium surface labeling by FITC had positive relationship with the concentration of fibronectin solution used.ConclusionsBiologically modified titanium surface is more hydrophilic and rougher than GDP‐treated ones. GDP treatment combined with fibronectin grafting increased the surface hydrophilicity and surface roughness of titanium discs, which may attribute to the affinity of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.