bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Changes in Gimap3 and Gimap5 Expression Modify Mitochondrial DNA Segregation in Mice
Authors: Jokinen Riikka , Lahtinen Taina , Marttinen Paula , Myöhänen Maarit , Ruotsalainen Pilvi , Yeung Nicolas , Shvetsova Antonina , Kastaniotis Alexander J , Hiltunen J Kalervo , Öhman Tiina , Nyman Tuula A , Weiler Hartmut , Battersby Brendan J 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a high-copy maternally inherited genome essential for aerobic energy metabolism. Mutations in mtDNA can lead to heteroplasmy, the co-occurence of two different mtDNA variants in the same cell, which can segregate in a tissue-specific manner affecting the onset and severity of mitochondrial dysfunction. To investigate mechanisms regulating mtDNA segregation we use a heteroplasmic mouse model with two polymorphic neutral mtDNA haplotypes (NZB and BALB) that displays tissue-specific and age-dependent selection for mtDNA haplotypes. In the hematopoietic compartment there is selection for the BALB mtDNA haplotype, a phenotype that can be modified by allelic variants of Gimap3. Gimap3 is a tail-anchored member of the GTPase of the immunity-associated protein (Gimap) family of protein scaffolds important for leukocyte development and survival. Here we show how the expression of two murine Gimap3 alleles from Mus musculus domesticus and M. m. castaneus differentially affect mtDNA segregation. The castaneus allele has incorporated a uORF (upstream open reading frame) in-frame with the Gimap3 mRNA that impairs translation and imparts a negative effect on the steady-state protein abundance. We found that quantitative changes in the expression of Gimap3 and the paralogue Gimap5, which encodes a lysosomal protein, affect mtDNA segregation in the mouse hematopoietic tissues. We also show that Gimap3 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and not mitochondria as previously reported. Collectively these data show that the abundance of protein scaffolds on the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes are important to the segregation of the mitochondrial genome in the mouse hematopoietic compartment.
Expression of Leptin and Visfatin in Gingival Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis With and Without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Study Using Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Real‐Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Ghallab Noha A. , Amr Eman M. , Shaker Olfat G. 
Published: March 2015

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the protein and gene expression of leptin and visfatin in gingival tissue from patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), patients with CP and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and healthy individuals.Methods: The study includes 50 individuals: 10 healthy individuals, 20 patients with CP, and 20 patients with CP and T2DM. Plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss were measured, and gingival biopsies were obtained. Leptin and visfatin protein expression in gingival tissues was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was measured via real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results: The highest leptin mRNA and protein expression was observed in the control group and was significantly (P ≤0.05) different from the CP and CP+T2DM groups. Gingival tissues from patients with CP and T2DM had a significant increase in visfatin and a decrease in leptin gene and protein expression (P <0.05) compared with both controls and patients with CP.Conclusion: Expression of leptin and visfatin in the gingival tissues suggests a possible role for these adipokines in the pathogenesis of CP and T2DM.
Heterotopic Transarticular Replantation: A Functional Reconstruction Design for a Mutilated Hand with Multiple Digit Involvement
Authors: Engin Murat Sinan , Aksakal İbrahim Alper 
Published: March 2015

Case:
A patient sustained a high-energy trauma that resulted in amputation of the middle and ring fingers, along with injuries to the thumb and the index finger. The amputations were not clean; therefore, heterotopic replantation of the best amputated part of the finger to the most functional stump was undertaken. Transarticular replantation was done at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint without osseous fixation. Early active motion was initiated the next day. The replanted finger had excellent function.

Conclusion:
Whenever possible, designing a heterotopic transarticular replantation can minimize the functional drawbacks resulting from the prolonged immobilization often associated with fracture fixation.
Long-Term Results of Carpal Tunnel and Trigger Finger Releases in a Patient with Hurler Syndrome
Authors: Wyffels Mitchell , Orchard Paul J. , Van Heest Ann E. 
Published: March 2015

Case:
Prior to the emergence of bone marrow transplantation as a treatment for Hurler syndrome, most individuals with this syndrome did not survive into their teenage years. We describe a twenty-three-year-old patient with Hurler syndrome who had been treated with bone marrow transplantation; we focus on the presentation and treatment of the associated carpal tunnel syndrome and trigger digits. After initial trigger digit release and revision bilateral carpal tunnel release with a tenosynovectomy, he maintained symptom-free hand function.

Conclusion:
Surgical treatment of median nerve compression and trigger digits due to Hurler syndrome is effective in the long term.
Intraprosthetic Dislocation of Dual-Mobility Bearings Associated with Closed Reduction
Authors: Cvetanovich Gregory L. , Fillingham Yale A. , Della Valle Craig J. , Sporer Scott M. 
Published: March 2015

Case:
We present two patients with dual-mobility total hip arthroplasty components who underwent closed reduction of posterior dislocations with conscious sedation in the emergency room. Following closed reduction, both patients had immediate pain, clicking, and grinding of the hip. Radiographs identified intraprosthetic dislocation of the dual-mobility components, and revision surgery was required.

Conclusion:
When dislocation of a dual-mobility bearing occurs, the surgeon should consider performing a careful closed reduction with muscle paralysis and use of fluoroscopic guidance in the operating room to avoid intraprosthetic dislocation.
Experimental Study of a Centrifugal Pump Handling Viscous Fluid and Two-Phase Flow
Authors: Paternost G. M. , Bannwart A. C. , Estevam V.. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
This paper presents an experimental study about the performance of a centrifugal pump, focusing on the effects of the fluid viscosity and the intake free-gas fraction. The first part evaluates a single-phase performance map proposed by Solano (2009). By use of dimensionless numbers, this map enables us to determine the pump performance when handling viscous fluids as a function of rotational speed at operational points other than the best efficiency point. Additionally, while the performance map of Solano (2009) is built solely on experimental data, this article expands his work by use of polynomial correlations that are based on basic phenomena that enable the prediction of the pump performance under a wider range of conditions. It was observed that these polynomial correlations are able to represent—with good agreement—the head, the brake horsepower, and the efficiency of a specific pump.
Most of the work on multiphase flow through electrical submersible pumps has been performed with water as the liquid. Unfortunately, this does not correspond to actual petroleum liquids, which many times present viscosities a hundred times greater than that of water. In view of this, the second part of the present study focuses on the pump performance when handling a highly viscous fluid under two-phase flow. An extension of the application of the dimensionless numbers is proposed to fit two-phase-flow data for the same pump.
A Novel Pore-Scale Thermal-Fracture-Acidizing Model With Heterogeneous Rock Properties
Authors: Lyons John , Nasrabadi Hadi , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryFracture acidizing is a well-stimulation technique used to improve the productivity of low-permeability reservoirs and to bypass deep formation damage. The reaction of injected acid with the rock matrix forms etched channels through which oil and gas can then flow upon production. The properties of these etched channels depend on the acid-injection rate, temperature, reaction chemistry, mass-transport properties, and formation mineralogy. As the acid enters the formation, it increases in temperature by heat exchange with the formation and the heat generated by acid reaction with the rock. Thus, the reaction rate, viscosity, and mass transfer of acid inside the fracture also increase.In this study, a new thermal-fracture-acidizing model is presented that uses the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate reactive transport. This method incorporates both accurate hydrodynamics and reaction kinetics at the solid/liquid interface. The temperature update is performed by use of a finite-difference technique. Furthermore, heterogeneity in rock properties (e.g., porosity, permeability, and reaction rate) is included. The result is a model that can accurately simulate realistic fracture geometries and rock properties at the pore scale and that can predict the geometry of the fracture after acidizing. Three thermal-fracture-acidizing simulations are presented here, involving injection of 15 and 28 wt% of hydrochloric acid into a calcite fracture. The results clearly show an increase in the overall fracture dissolution because of the addition of temperature effects (increasing the acid-reaction and mass-transfer rates). It has also been found that by introducing mineral heterogeneity, preferential dissolution leads to the creation of uneven etching across the fracture surfaces, indicating channel formation.
Robust Isenthalpic Flash for Multiphase Water/Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Authors: Zhu Di , Okuno Ryosuke 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Robust isenthalpic flash is important in compositional simulation of steam injection, which involves at least three phases—oleic, gaseous, and aqueous. However, multiphase isenthalpic flash is challenging because the total enthalpy can be substantially nonlinear, or even discontinuous, with respect to temperature. This type of phase behavior is referred to as narrow-boiling behavior in the literature.
This paper presents robust isenthalpic flash for multiphase water-containing hydrocarbon mixtures. The algorithm developed is based on the direct substitution (DS) presented in our previous research for two phases. A detailed analysis is given for narrow-boiling behavior and its effects on the DS algorithm. A new method is also presented for K-value estimates for three phases for water-hydrocarbon mixtures. The thermodynamic model used is the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the van der Waals mixing rules.
The narrow-boiling behavior in isenthalpic flash occurs when a small temperature change yields significant changes of equilibrium-phase compositions relative to the overall composition. The system of equations used in the DS algorithm becomes degenerate for narrow-boiling fluids. The multiphase DS algorithm developed in this paper adaptively switches between Newton's iteration step and the bisection step depending on the Jacobian condition number. The bisection algorithm solves for temperature, based solely on the enthalpy constraint only when narrow-boiling behavior is identified. The algorithm is tested with a number of different isenthalpic flash calculations for three and four phases formed by water-containing hydrocarbon mixtures at elevated temperatures. Results show the robustness of the algorithm for narrow-boiling fluids, including the cases with one degree of freedom.
Effort in reducing unaccountable water and economic consideration
Authors: Dimaano I. 
Published: March 2015

In 2007, Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (Maynilad), the private water and wastewater service provider of the West Zone of Metro-Manila (Philippines), had an enormous challenge ahead: to achieve 100% service coverage in the coming few years with basically no additional water resources; to connect an additional 3 million people still without access to piped water; and to improve the service level to the existing customers. The only way to meet this demand is to reduce water losses from its deteriorated pipe network. Water balance made in that year showed significant total non-revenue water of 1,500 million liters per day which is equivalent to 66% of the total system input volume.
Maynilad recognized that to be financially viable, it needs to address the non-revenue water problem. Thus, the Central NRW team was immediately created in 2008 and was tasked to lead Maynilad's ambitious NRW reduction and management program, which is considered one of the largest NRW projects in the world in terms of amount of water losses and the scope and magnitude of works involved to bring down the high level of NRW.
Maynilad's NRW program involves breaking up the whole network into hydraulically isolated and measurable district metered areas (DMA); monitoring and diagnosing each DMA; developing well-trained and fully equipped leak detection teams to find surfacing and non-surfacing leaks; active leakage control; pressure management; selective pipe replacement/rehabilitation; closing of illegal connections and decommissioning of old distribution pipes; integrated meter management; and a sustained capacity building of NRW teams.
By the end of 2013, 6 years after implementing the NRW program, Maynilad was able to recover more than 700 MLD and managed to bring down the NRW level to 39%. The water that was saved in turn was used to supply additional 400,000 new customers in the expansion areas and generally improved the level of service of the existing customers by providing higher water pressure and longer water availability. These translated to an increase in billed volume by 56 and 107% increase in total revenues for the company.
Vibratory stimulation increases interleukin-1 beta secretion during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Leethanakul Chidchanok , Suamphan Sumit , Jitpukdeebodintra Suwanna , Thongudomporn Udom , Charoemratrote Chairat 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives: To investigate the effects of application of vibratory stimuli on interleukin (IL)–1β secretion during maxillary canine distalization.Materials and Methods: Split-mouth design study in 15 subjects (mean age, 22.9 years; range 19–25 years) whose bilateral maxillary first premolars were extracted with subsequent canine distalization. On the experimental side, light force (60 g) was applied to the canine for 3 months in combination with vibratory stimuli provided using an electric toothbrush 15 minutes a day for 2 months; only orthodontic force was applied to the contralateral control canine. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the mesial and distal sides of each canine at each monthly appointment. IL-1β levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Canine movement was measured monthly.Results: Overall, enhanced IL-1β secretion was observed at the pressure sites of experimental canines compared to control canines (mean, 0.64 ± 0.33 pg/µL vs 0.10 ± 0.11 pg/µL, respectively, P &lt; .001). The accumulative amount of tooth movement was greater for the experimental canine than for the control canine (mean, 2.85 ± 0.17 mm vs 1.77 ± 0.11 mm, respectively, P &lt; .001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that, in combination with light orthodontic force, application of vibratory stimuli using an electric toothbrush enhanced the secretion of IL-1β in GCF and accelerated orthodontic tooth movement.
A multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare a self-ligating bracket with a conventional bracket in a UK population: Part 2: Pain perception
Authors: Rahman Shahla , Spencer R. James , Littlewood Simon J. , O'Dywer Lian , Barber Sophy K. , Russell Joanne S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjective: To compare pain experience between self-ligating and conventional preadjusted edgewise appliance systems with a two-arm parallel trial.Materials and Methods: A prospective multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in three hospital orthodontic departments. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive treatment with either a self-ligating (3M SmartClip™) or conventional (3M Victory™) bracket system with stratification for operator and center. Standardized protocol was followed for bracket bonding procedure and archwire sequence. Subject pain was recorded using a Verbal Rating Scale to assess discomfort felt on the teeth and soft tissues at the time of the appointment and 1, 3, and 5 days after each archwire change up to the working archwire. Multilevel modeling was used to analyze the data by blinded assessors.Results: One hundred thirty-eight subjects (mean age 14 years 11 months) were enrolled in the study, of which 135 subjects (97.8%) completed the study and 113 (82%) returned the required data regarding pain/discomfort. Perceived pain was statistically higher with the SmartClip™ system compared to the Victory™ system, but this difference was not deemed to be clinically significant. Discomfort was greatest after placement of the initial 0.014-inch nickel-titanium archwire, compared with subsequent wires, and was greatest on day 1, less on day 3, and much less on day 5 after each archwire change. Age and gender did not affect the level of discomfort experienced by subjects undergoing fixed appliance treatment.Conclusion: No clinically significant difference in pain experience was found between patients treated with a self-ligating bracket system compared to those treated with a conventional ligation system.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Is Associated With an Increased Risk of Fracture: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Liao Wen-Ling , Chang Tzu-Pu , Chen Hsuan-Ju , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: March 2015

Study Design A nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study. Objectives To investigate whether benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is associated with an increased risk of fracture. Background Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a brief rotational vertigo induced by head position change that may increase the risk of falls and, therefore, fracture. Methods Data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were used for this study. We selected a case cohort comprising 3796 patients aged over 20 years who were newly diagnosed with BPPV between 2000 and 2006. In addition, we randomly selected a control cohort of 15 184 individuals without BPPV. Patients with BPPV were matched to individuals in the control group according to sex, age, and index year. A Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to compute the hazard ratio of fracture, after adjusting for demographic characteristics and comorbidities. Results The prevalence of comorbidities was higher among patients with BPPV. After adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities, patients with BPPV exhibited a 1.14-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.25; P<.01) higher risk of fracture than those without BPPV. Trunk fracture (vertebra, rib, and pelvis) was the fracture type with the highest adjusted hazard ratio (1.24; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.45; P<.01) in patients with BPPV relative to those without BPPV. An analysis stratified according to demographic factors revealed that men with BPPV exhibited a 1.43-fold (95% CI: 1.22, 1.66; P<.001) higher risk of fracture. Patients with BPPV aged over 65 years exhibited a significantly higher risk of fracture (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.33; P<.05) than did those without BPPV. Conclusion Patients with BPPV exhibited a higher risk of fracture than did those without BPPV. Level of evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):406–412. Epub 26 Mar 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5707
A Consensus Definition of Running-Related Injury in Recreational Runners: A Modified Delphi Approach
Authors: Yamato Tiê Parma , Saragiotto Bruno Tirotti , Lopes Alexandre Dias 
Published: March 2015

Study Design Delphi study. Objective To reach a consensus definition of running-related injury in recreational runners through a modified Delphi approach. Background Many studies have suggested the need for a standardized definition of running-related injury to provide uniformity to injury surveillance in running. Methods We invited 112 researchers from running-related injury studies identified in a previous systematic review to classify words and terms frequently used in definitions of running-related injury in an online form during 3 rounds of study. In the last round, participants were asked to approve or disapprove the consensus definition. We considered an agreement level of at least 75% to be a consensus. Results Thirty-eight participants agreed to participate in the study. The response rates were 94.7% (n = 36) for the first round, 83.3% (n = 30) for the second round, and 86.7% (n = 26) for the third round. A consensus definition of running-related injury was reached, with 80% of participants approving the following: “Running-related (training or competition) musculoskeletal pain in the lower limbs that causes a restriction on or stoppage of running (distance, speed, duration, or training) for at least 7 days or 3 consecutive scheduled training sessions, or that requires the runner to consult a physician or other health professional.” Conclusion The proposed standardized definition of running-related injury could assist in standardizing the definitions used in sport science research and facilitate between-study comparisons. Future studies testing the validity of the proposed consensus definition, as well as its accurate translation to other languages, are also needed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):375–380. Epub 26 Mar 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5741
Muscle Force Cannot Be Directly Inferred From Muscle Activation: Illustrated by the Proposed Imbalance of Force Between the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis in People With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Hug François , Hodges Paul W. , Tucker Kylie 
Published: March 2015

Synopsis Muscle force cannot be directly inferred from neural drive assessed using electromyography (EMG). Although the limitations associated with inferring force from EMG are well known, this has received little attention in the clinical literature. This commentary discusses these limitations within the context of the imbalance of force production between the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles, which has been speculated to contribute to the development and/or persistence of patellofemoral pain. The balance of neural drive between vasti muscles is most frequently measured with 2 approaches: (1) the onset of VM EMG relative to that of the VL, and (2) the ratio of the EMG signal amplitude of the VM and VL. Here, we demonstrate that this classical approach cannot determine whether an imbalance of force exists between the VM and VL. Considerations such as altered electromechanical delay (time between the onsets of muscle activation and patellar motion) in people with patellofemoral pain may lead to a reconsideration of the classical interpretation of the onset of VM EMG signal relative to that of the VL. Also, beyond the amplitude of the neural drive, muscle force depends on several biomechanical factors (eg, specific tension and physiological cross-sectional area). Therefore, the VL/VM activation ratio does not provide information about the VL/VM force ratio, which is ultimately the most important information from a clinical perspective. Although the literature includes defenses for both the existence and absence of this force imbalance in people with patellofemoral pain, a reconsideration of the methods used to assess this imbalance is needed. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(5):360–365. Epub 26 Mar 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5905