bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GLP-1RA vs DPP-4i Use and Rates of Hyperkalemia and RAS Blockade Discontinuation in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Huang Tao , Bosi Alessandro , Faucon Anne-Laure , Grams Morgan E. , Sjölander Arvid , Fu Edouard L. , Xu Yang , Carrero Juan Jesus 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceHyperkalemia is a common complication in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) that may limit the use of guideline-recommended renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASis). Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) increase urinary potassium excretion, which may translate into reduced hyperkalemia risk.ObjectiveTo compare rates of hyperkalemia and RASi persistence among new users of GLP-1RAs vs dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included all adults with T2D in the region of Stockholm, Sweden, who initiated GLP-1RA or DPP-4i treatment between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2021. Analyses were conducted between October 1, 2023, and April 29, 2024.ExposuresGLP-1RAs or DPP-4is.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome was time to any hyperkalemia (potassium level &amp;gt;5.0 mEq/L) and moderate to severe (potassium level &amp;gt;5.5 mEq/L) hyperkalemia. Time to discontinuation of RASi use among individuals using RASis at baseline was assessed. Inverse probability of treatment weights served to balance more than 70 identified confounders. Marginal structure models were used to estimate per-protocol hazard ratios (HRs).ResultsA total of 33 280 individuals (13 633 using GLP-1RAs and 19 647 using DPP-4is; mean [SD] age, 63.7 [12.6] years; 19 853 [59.7%] male) were included. The median (IQR) time receiving treatment was 3.9 (1.0-10.9) months. Compared with DPP-4i use, GLP-1RA use was associated with a lower rate of any hyperkalemia (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.50-0.76) and moderate to severe (HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.28-0.84) hyperkalemia. Of 21 751 participants who were using RASis, 1381 discontinued this therapy. The use of GLP-1RAs vs DPP-4is was associated with a lower rate of RASi discontinuation (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.82-0.97). Results were consistent in intention-to-treat analyses and across strata of age, sex, cardiovascular comorbidity, and baseline kidney function.ConclusionsIn this study of patients with T2D managed in routine clinical care, the use of GLP-1RAs was associated with lower rates of hyperkalemia and sustained RASi use compared with DPP-4i use. These findings suggest that GLP-1RA treatment may enable wider use of guideline-recommended medications and contribute to clinical outcomes in this population.
Clinical Outcomes of Tirzepatide or GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chuang Min-Hsiang , Chen Jui-Yi , Wang Hsien-Yi , Jiang Zheng-Hong , Wu Vin-Cent 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceDespite its demonstrated benefits in improving cardiovascular risk profiles, the association of tirzepatide with mortality and cardiovascular and kidney outcomes compared with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of tirzepatide with mortality and adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes compared with GLP-1 RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used US Collaborative Network of TriNetX data collected on individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 18 years or older initiating tirzepatide or GLP-1 RA between June 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023; without stage 5 chronic kidney disease or kidney failure at baseline; and without myocardial infarction or ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke within 60 days of drug initiation.ExposuresTreatment with tirzepatide compared with GLP-1 RA.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), the composite of MACEs and all-cause mortality, kidney events, acute kidney injury, and major adverse kidney events. All outcomes were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsThere were 14 834 patients treated with tirzepatide (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [11.8] years; 8444 [56.9%] female) and 125 474 treated with GLP-1 RA (mean [SD] age, 58.1 [13.3] years; 67 474 [53.8%] female). After a median (IQR) follow-up of 10.5 (5.2-15.7) months, 95 patients (0.6%) in the tirzepatide group and 166 (1.1%) in the GLP-1 RA group died. Tirzepatide treatment was associated with lower hazards of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.58; 95% CI, 0.45-0.75), MACEs (AHR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.91), the composite of MACEs and all-cause mortality (AHR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.84), kidney events (AHR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.37-0.73), acute kidney injury (AHR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.88), and major adverse kidney events (AHR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.44-0.67). Treatment with tirzepatide was associated with greater decreases in glycated hemoglobin (treatment difference, −0.34 percentage points; 95% CI, −0.44 to −0.24 percentage points) and body weight (treatment difference, −2.9 kg, 95% CI, −4.8 to −1.1 kg) compared with GLP-1 RA. An interaction test for subgroup analysis revealed consistent results stratified by estimated glomerular filtration rate, glycated hemoglobin level, body mass index, comedications, and comorbidities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, treatment with tirzepatide was associated with lower hazards of all-cause mortality, adverse cardiovascular events, acute kidney injury, and adverse kidney events compared with GLP-1 RA in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings support the integration of tirzepatide into therapeutic strategies for this population.
Early-Childhood Tablet Use and Outbursts of Anger
Authors: Fitzpatrick Caroline , Pan Pedro Mario , Lemieux Annie , Harvey Elizabeth , Rocha Fabricio de Andrade , Garon-Carrier Gabrielle 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceTablet use continues to increase in preschool-aged children. The use of mobile devices has been linked to child emotional dysregulation. However, few studies have been able to show a clear direction of association between child tablet use and the development of self-regulation skills. In addition, few studies have modeled within-person associations over time.ObjectiveTo estimate how child tablet use contributes to expressions of anger and frustration across the ages of 3.5 to 5.5 years at the within-person level. The study team also examined the extent to which associations are bidirectional to clarify the direction of the correlations.Design, Setting, and participantsThis prospective, community-based convenience sample of 315 parents of preschool-aged children from Nova Scotia, Canada, was studied repeatedly at the ages of 3.5 (2020), 4.5 (2021), and 5.5 years (2022) during the COVID-19 pandemic. All analyses were conducted between October 5, 2023, and December 15, 2023.ExposureParent-reported tablet use at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years.Main outcome and measuresParents reported child expressions of anger/frustration at the ages of 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 years using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire.ResultsThe sample was equally distributed across child sex (171 were identified by parents as being born boys [54%] and 144 as girls [46%]). Most reported being Canadian (287 [91.0%]) and married (258 [82.0%]). A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model revealed that a 1-SD increase in tablet use at 3.5 years (corresponding to 1.22 hours per day) was associated with a 22% SD scale increase in anger/frustration at age 4.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.44). A 1 SD scale increase in anger and frustration at 4.5 years was associated with a 22% SD (corresponding to 0.28 hours per day) increase in tablet use at 5.5 years (standardized coefficient = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.01-0.43).Conclusion and relevanceIn this study, child tablet use at age 3.5 years was associated with more expressions of anger and frustration by the age of 4.5 years. Child proneness to anger/frustration at age 4.5 years was then associated with more use of tablets by age 5.5 years. These results suggest that early-childhood tablet use may contribute to a cycle that is deleterious for emotional regulation.
Effects of Graphene Doping on the Electrical Conductivity of Copper
Authors: Zhang Chenmu , Xiao Zhongcan , Paddock Rachel , Cullinan Michael , Tehrani Mehran , Liu Yuanyue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is great interest in developing advanced electrical conductors with higher conductivity, lighter weight, and higher mechanical strength than copper (Cu). One promising candidate is copper‐graphene (Cu‐Gr) composite, which is hypothesized to have a higher electrical conductivity than Cu. In this work, it is shown that this is not true, supported by state‐of‐the‐art first‐principles calculations of electron transport. Particularly, contrary to the belief that graphene in the composite is more conductive than pristine Cu, it is less conductive due to increased scattering despite increased carrier concentration. On the other hand, it is found that compressive strain along the (111) plane increases the conductivity, which is confirmed experimentally, while tensile strain has little effect. The work offers new insights into understanding and developing advanced conductors.
Research Progress and Perspectives on Pre‐Sodiation Strategies for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Siyuan , Zhang Haihan , Shu Chengyong , Hua Weibo , Wang Xiaowei , Zhao Yuxin , Luo Jintian , Tang Zexun , Wu Yuping , Tang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with abundant elements have garnered significant attention from researches as a promise compensation to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the large‐scale commercial application of SIBs is partially hindered by the limited initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) due to the irreversible formation of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and intercalation into the defects in the anode. Similar to pre‐lithiation techniques, pre‐sodiation approaches are considered to be one of the most direct and effective way to compensate for the loss of active sodium at the anode side of SIBs during the initial cycle. In this context, additional sodium ions are pre‐injected to the cathode/anode material by chemical/electrochemical methods, aiming to improve battery span life and energy density. This review delves into the necessity and impact of pre‐sodiation techniques, compiling the latest research progress, for instance, self‐sacrificing cathode additives, over‐sodiated cathode materials, direct contact and solution chemical pre‐sodiation. Notably, the research mechanisms underlying solution chemical pre‐sodiation are highlighted. This comprehensive overview aims to foster a deeper understanding of the pre‐sodiation techniques and expects to provide guidance for realizing the commercial application of high energy density sodium‐ion batteries.
Construction of Fe–In Alloy to Enable High Activity and Durability of Fe–N–C Catalysts
Authors: Sun Zhuangzhi , Zhong Yi , Sui Heyu , Liu Jia , Xie Pengfei , Ding Shujiang , Su Yaqiong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe strategic regulation of the electronic properties and coordination environment of single‐atom sites through the integration of metal nanoclusters emerges as a promising route to enhance the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of Fe–N–C materials. Here, a catalyst (FeIn–NC) is successfully developed in which Fe–N–C materials encapsulate Fe–In alloy nanoclusters, and it shows excellent ORR activity and durability under alkaline conditions, with a high half‐wave potential of 0.924 V (vs RHE) and a zinc–air battery power density of 202.1 mW cm−2, superior to commercial Pt/C catalysts. Theoretical calculations unravel that the synergistic interaction between the Fe–In alloy and the FeN4 single‐atom site modifies the electronic structure and charge distribution at the FeN4 site, thereby enhancing the electrocatalytic activity and durability of the ORR. Potential‐dependent microkinetic modeling (MKM) further discloses the ORR mechanisms on the identified FeN4 sites. This work provides a viable strategy for the ORR improvement of Fe–N–C materials via p‐block metal‐based alloy nanoclusters.
Controlled Transdermal Delivery of Dexamethasone for Pain Management via Photochemically 3D‐Printed Bioresorbable Microneedle Arrays
Authors: Bahnick Alexander J. , Dziewior Courtney S. , Li Yize , Chou Amy , Segal Maddison , Augustine Emily K. , Ji Ru‐Rong , Becker Matthew L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicroneedle array patches (MAPs) are extensively studied for transdermal drug delivery. Additive manufacturing enables precise control over MAP customization and rapid fabrication. However, the scope of 3D‐printable, bioresorbable materials is limited. Dexamethasone (DXM) is widely used to manage inflammation and pain, but its application is limited by systemic side effects. Thus, it is crucial to achieve high local drug concentrations while maintaining low serum levels. Here, poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐propylene succinate) oligomers are fabricated into DXM‐loaded, bioresorbable MAPs via continuous liquid interface production 3D printing. Thiol–ene click chemistry yields MAPs with tailorable mechanical and degradation properties. DXM‐loaded MAPs exhibit controlled elution of drug in vitro. Transdermal application of DXM‐loaded MAPs in a murine tibial fracture model leads to substantial relief of postoperative pain. Pharmacokinetic analysis shows that MAP administration is able to control pain at a significantly lower dose than intravenous administration. This work expands the material properties of 3D‐printed poly(propylene fumarate‐co‐propylene succinate) copolyesters and their use in drug delivery applications.
A Porous Li–Al Alloy Anode toward High‐Performance Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhu Jinhui , Luo Jiayao , Li Jingyan , Huang Senhe , Geng Haozhe , Chen Zhenying , Jia Linan , Fu Yongzhu , Zhang Xi , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCompared to lithium (Li) anode, the alloy/Li‐alloy anodes show more compatible with sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs), and are promising candidates for practical SSE‐based all‐solid‐state Li batteries (ASSLBs). In this work, a porous Li–Al alloy (LiAl‐p) anode is crafted using a straightforward mechanical pressing method. Various characterizations confirm the porous nature of such anode, as well as rich oxygen species on its surface. To the best knowledge, such LiAl‐p anode demonstrates the best room temperature cell performance in comparison with reported Li and alloy/Li‐alloy anodes in SSE‐based ASSLBs. For example, the LiAl‐p symmetric cells deliver a record critical current density of 6.0 mA cm−2 and an ultralong cycling of 5000 h; the LiAl‐p|LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 full cells achieve a high areal capacity of 11.9 mAh cm−2 and excellent durability of 1800 cycles. Further in situ and ex situ experiments reveal that the porous structure can accommodate volume changes of LiAl‐p and ensure its integrity during cycling; and moreover, a robust Li inorganics‐rich solid electrolyte interphase can be formed originated from the reaction between SSE and surface oxygen species of LiAl‐p. This study offers inspiration for designing high‐performance alloy anodes by focusing on designing special architecture to alleviate volume change and constructing stable interphase.
Hybrid Resonant Metasurfaces with Configurable Structural Colors
Authors: Wohlwend Jelena , Hilti Anna , Polinari Claudiadele , Spolenak Ralph , Galinski Henning 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces are sub‐wavelength nanostructures with the potential to overcome the limitations of traditional optics. Existing dielectric metasurfaces, however, are often limited to geometric primitives, which hamper their application in emergent hybrid metasurfaces. Here, a simple fabrication scheme for non‐primitive metasurfaces that addresses this limitation is introduced. Due to their broken out‐of‐plane symmetry, these nanostructures provide a new dimension in the design space. Taking inspiration from bio‐photonic systems in nature, using these elements complex hybrid metasurfaces are designed that encompass an ordered and a disordered phase. The capabilities of this hybrid optical systems are illustrated by generating configurable structural colors with extra ordinary resolution. Furthermore, the local control of light over a broad bandwidth is demonstrated and a maximum coupling efficiency of more than 97% is achieved.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Intramolecular Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxy‐Indolin‐3‐Ones
Authors: Ma Haojie , Zhou Fengyuan , Li Yuqi , Zhang Yuqi , Huang Guosheng , Yang Xing , Wang Ji‐Jiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of substituted 2‐hydroxy‐indolin‐3‐ones has attracted considerable attention due to the frequent presence of the indole nucleus in numerous natural products and biologically active molecules. Herein, a direct access to 2‐hydroxy‐indolin‐3‐ones through copper‐catalyzed oxidative intramolecular cyclization of N‐(2‐acetylphenyl)picolinamide has been developed. This method exhibits good functional group tolerance, atom‐economy and avoids the pre‐functionalization of substrates.
Fish Scales for Wearable Patches: Tailoring Films Assembled From Fish Waste Gelatin, Carbon Dots and Chitin Nanocrystals
Authors: Segato Jacopo , Calmanti Roberto , Gnoato Gianmarco , Cavarzerani Enrico , Rizzolio Flavio , Crestini Claudia , Perosa Alvise , Gigli Matteo , Selva Maurizio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe properties of gelatin and collagen extracted from fishery wastes, specifically from mullet (Mugil Cephalus) scales, are modified with the aim to achieve biocompatible films with tunable characteristics to design sustainable UV protection solutions in the healthcare sector. Different additives are used to the scope including plasticizers, cross‐linkers, surfactants and optical modifiers. Carbon dots (CDs) obtained from seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) scales combined with polysorbate‐20 (PS) as a dispersant agent, enable the fabrication of materials capable of blocking UV radiation almost completely, a crucial feature for dermal contact applications. The addition of hydrophobic surfactants and crosslinkers as citric acid, chitosan and surface deacetylated chitin nanocrystals (CsNCs) allowed to modulate the water adsorption of the films in the range 3–30% and to reach a twofold and 4.5‐fold increase of tensile strength and elastic modulus, respectively, as compared to the neat gelatin film. Moreover, film thickness is shown to be another adjustable parameter to enhance optic, mechanical, and permeation properties: the higher the thickness, the greater the UV‐blocking properties, elongation‐at‐break and water vapor permeability, leading to films with attractive characteristics as wearable patches.
Trends and predictors of unfilled emergency medicine residency positions: A comparative analysis of the 2023 and 2024 Match cycles
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Abubshait Layla , Bowers Kaitlin , Landry Adaira , Lewis Kristin , Little Andrew G. , Nash Christopher J. , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe emergency medicine (EM) landscape has evolved due to the increasing number of programs paired with fewer applicants. This study analyzed the characteristics of EM residency programs associated with unfilled positions during the 2024 Match and compared them with data from the 2023 Match to identify persistent and emerging trends influencing these outcomes.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional, observational study, we investigated factors associated with unfilled EM residency positions in the 2024 Match. We used publicly accessible data from the National Resident Matching Program. To identify program‐level predictors of unfilled positions, we constructed a Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression model, incorporating data from the 2023 Match season.ResultsIn 2024, 54 out of 281 (19.2%) residency programs remained unfilled. Our Bayesian analysis reaffirmed that smaller program size, geographical location, prior osteopathic accreditation, and corporate ownership continue to be significant factors. Programs with vacancies in the previous year were also more likely to remain unfilled. Thus, several factors identified in 2023 remained associated with this year's Match outcomes, with the impact of previous unfilled positions being particularly pronounced.ConclusionsThis study identified several factors associated with a greater likelihood of having unfilled EM residency positions, with previous unfilled positions emerging as the most significant predictor. These findings offer critical insights for residency programs and governing bodies, providing a basis for enhancing recruitment strategies, addressing the cyclical nature of unfilled positions, and tackling workforce challenges in EM.
Flexible strategies for carbon‐negative syngas and biochar poly‐generation via a novel chemical looping approach
Authors: Liu Gen , Sun Zhongshun , Wang Zhichao , Yu Binpeng , Yang Xiantan , Zhang Bo , Zhang Rongjiang , Yang Bolun , Wu Zhiqiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work proposed a pyrolysis chemical looping reforming‐two stage regeneration (PCLR‐TR) process with carbon‐negative syngas and biochar poly‐generation，aimed at overcoming challenges in chemical looping gasification. The process effectively separates pyrolysis and reforming, circumventing slow solid–solid reactions and enabling the flexible adjustment of the H2/CO ratio. The two‐stage regeneration ensures improved synchronization of reaction rates across different reactors. The results indicate that manipulation of process parameters allows for flexible adjustment of the H2/CO ratio in syngas (ranging from 1.02 to 3.83). The introduction of CO2 feed in the first stage regeneration reactor reduces the oxygen carrier exothermic intensity in the second stage regeneration reactor by 58%. Optimization results suggest that the generated syngas is compatible with diverse downstream applications, exhibiting a maximum CO2 negative emission of 1.85 kg/kg syngas. The PCLR‐TR system offers a versatile and environmentally friendly solution for the energy and chemical industries.
Improving genetic testing utilization in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit through quality improvement
Authors: Jacobsmeyer Andrew T. , Buitrago‐Mogollon Talia L. , White Blanche , Charles Jasmyne‐Rian , Clarke‐Pounder Jessica P. , Amador Jodi , Carter Lauren B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing recognition of the importance of diagnosing genetic conditions with an ever‐growing list of genetic testing options. However, most providers do not have formal genetics training, which makes choosing the most appropriate test to order challenging. Our project sought to improve cytogenetic testing utilization in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) through utilizing quality improvement techniques, specifically the Model for Improvement framework with rapid Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles. Our project utilized various interventions including the implementation of a NICU genetic testing algorithm. Interventions demonstrated improvement in all areas, specifically a 92% reduction in unnecessary cytogenetic testing with improvement in the diagnostic rate. Our work also resulted in a 59% decrease in charges with an estimated projected savings of $21,000 per year. Quality improvement can minimize redundancies and inefficiencies in genetic testing in a Level IV NICU in a large tertiary care children's hospital and result in substantial cost‐savings.