bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural substrates of predicting anhedonia symptoms in major depressive disorder via connectome‐based modeling
Authors: Yang Tingyu , Ou Yangpan , Li Huabing , Liu Feng , Li Ping , Xie Guangrong , Zhao Jingping , Cui Xilong , Guo Wenbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMain ProblemAnhedonia is a critical diagnostic symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD), being associated with poor prognosis. Understanding the neural mechanisms underlying anhedonia is of great significance for individuals with MDD, and it encourages the search for objective indicators that can reliably identify anhedonia.MethodsA predictive model used connectome‐based predictive modeling (CPM) for anhedonia symptoms was developed by utilizing pre‐treatment functional connectivity (FC) data from 59 patients with MDD. Node‐based FC analysis was employed to compare differences in FC patterns between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. The support vector machines (SVM) method was then applied for classifying these two subtypes of MDD patients.ResultsCPM could successfully predict anhedonia symptoms in MDD patients (positive network: r = 0.4719, p < 0.0020, mean squared error = 23.5125, 5000 iterations). Compared to non‐melancholic MDD patients, melancholic MDD patients showed decreased FC between the left cingulate gyrus and the right parahippocampus gyrus (p_bonferroni = 0.0303). This distinct FC pattern effectively discriminated between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients, achieving a sensitivity of 93.54%, specificity of 67.86%, and an overall accuracy of 81.36% using the SVM method.ConclusionsThis study successfully established a network model for predicting anhedonia symptoms in MDD based on FC, as well as a classification model to differentiate between melancholic and non‐melancholic MDD patients. These findings provide guidance for clinical treatment.
High prevalence but no current clinical relevance of methyldibromo glutaronitrile since its ban in Turkey in 2015
Authors: Özkaya Esen , Mangır Ömer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegulatory actions significantly reduced methyldibromo glutaronitrile (MDBGN)‐induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from cosmetics in Europe. Turkey banned MDBGN in 2015.ObjectivesTo assess sensitization and ACD rates to MDBGN before and after its ban in Turkey.MethodsData from 2653 consecutively patch tested patients between 1996 and 2023 with MDBGN 0.1% pet. (n = 573) or 0.2%–0.3% pet. (n = 1310) or 0.5% pet. (n = 770) were analysed. MDBGN was tested as MDBGN/phenoxyethanol (PE) in 1434 patients.ResultsThe sensitization prevalence was 1.7% (45/2653), peaking at 5.3% in 2018 and 2023 with MDBGN 0.3% pet. There was a two‐fold male predominance, with patients exclusively ≥20 years old. None of the patients reacted to PE. ACD occurred in 0.7% (19/2653), mainly affecting hands and linked to non‐occupational exposure (78.9%), particularly from rinse‐off/leave‐on cosmetics. The pattern of ‘middle‐aged men with hand eczema and fragrance allergy' was particularly notable. Occupational ACD was rare (21.1%), occurring mainly in hairdressers from hair gel. Positive reactions with current clinical relevance dropped from 48.3% (1996–2014) to zero after 2015 (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe ban effectively reduced MDBGN‐induced ACD in Turkey, yet the prevalence of positive patch test reactions remains high, likely due to past exposures or other undisclosed sources. We suggest continued testing of MDBGN in the EBS in Turkey.
Clinical high risk for psychosis and service disengagement: Incidence and predictors across 2 years of follow‐up
Authors: Catalano Fabio , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pellegrini Pietro , Pupo Simona , Menchetti Marco , Pelizza Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackService disengagement is common in subjects at CHR‐P (clinical high risk for psychosis), potentially worsening daily functioning and increasing the duration of untreated psychosis. That is why to identify baseline predictors of service disengagement could help better tailoring follow‐up on every CHR‐P individual.AIMSSince there are few studies on this topic, the goals of this examination were: (1) to calculate service disengagement rates in a CHR‐P sample along 2‐years of follow‐up; and (2) to examine the most relevant predictive factors of disengagement at baseline.MethodsAll young CHR‐P participants were enrolled within the ‘Parma At‐Risk Mental States’ (PARMS) protocol. At entry, the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) were completed. Cox regression analyses were used.ResultsHundred and eighty CHR‐P subjects were recruited in this examination. During the follow‐up, a 2‐year service disengagement prevalence rate of 15% was observed. A statistically robust predictive factor of service disengagement was a lower prescription of antidepressant drug at entry. Other relevant baseline predictive factors were migrant status, higher GAF score, lower levels of anxious‐depressive symptoms and a lower acceptance of psychosocial interventions.DiscussionBaseline presence of anxious‐depressive features in CHR‐P individuals could favour engagement to specialized EIP services. However, implementing strategies to improve patients' motivation and involvement in care are needed.
Geographic variation in evolutionary rescue under climate change in a crop pest–predator system
Authors: Ge Xuezhen , Newman Jonathan A. , Griswold Cortland K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpecies distribution models (SDMs) are often built upon the “niche conservatism” assumption, such that they ignore the possibility of “evolutionary rescue” and may underestimate species' future range limits under climate change. We select aphids and ladybirds as model species and develop an eco‐evolutionary model to explore evolutionary rescue in a predator–prey system under climate change. We model the adaptive change of species' thermal performances, accounting for biotic interactions. Our study suggests that, without considering evolutionary adaptation, the warming climate will result in a reduction in aphid populations and the extinction of ladybirds in large parts of the United States. However, when incorporating evolutionary adaptation into the model, aphids can adapt to climate change, whereas ladybirds demonstrate geographic variation in their evolutionary rescue potential. Specifically, ladybirds in southern regions are more likely to be rescued than those in the north. In certain northern regions, ladybirds do not avoid extinction due to severe warming trends and seasonality of the climate. While higher warming trends do prompt stronger evolutionary changes in phenotype, they also lead to reduced aphid population abundance such that ecology constrains ladybird population growth. Higher seasonality induces an ecological effect by limiting the length of reproductive season, thereby reducing the capacity for evolutionary rescue. Together, these findings reveal the complex interplay between ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the context of evolutionary adaptation to climate change.
Insights into the clinical, immunologic, and genetic underpinnings of food allergy
Authors: Frischmeyer‐Guerrerio Pamela A. , Young Fernanda D. , Aktas Ozge N. , Haque Tamara 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe last few decades have seen striking changes in the field of food allergy. The prevalence of the disease has risen dramatically in many parts of the globe, and management of the condition has undergone major revision. While delayed introduction of common allergenic foods during infancy was advised for many years, the learning early about peanut allergy (LEAP) trial and other studies led to a major shift in infant feeding practices, with deliberate early introduction of these foods now recommended. Additionally, the Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment for food allergy in 2020—a peanut oral immunotherapy (OIT) product that likely represents just the beginning of new immunotherapy‐based and other treatments for food allergy. Our knowledge of the environmental and genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of food allergy has also undergone transformational advances. Here, we will discuss our efforts to improve the clinical care of patients with food allergy and our understanding of the immunological mechanisms contributing to this common disease.
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychotic Severity Among Inpatients With Primary Psychoses: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zoromba Mohamed Ali , Sefouhi Linda , Alenezi Atallah , Selim Abeer , Awad Shaimaa , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , El‐Monshed Ahmed Hashem 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) compared to treatment as usual in managing psychotic symptoms, emotional dysregulation, recovery and psychological flexibility in inpatients with primary psychoses. The Primary outcome assessed the positive and negative syndrome scale, while the secondary outcomes were to assess difficulties in the emotion regulation scale, recovery assessment scale and acceptance and action questionnaire. An open‐label, two‐arm parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants diagnosed with primary psychoses were randomly assigned to either the ACT (n = 33) or treatment‐as‐usual (n = 32) group. The intervention included six structured sessions of ACT. ACT significantly reduced psychotic symptoms from 128 to 104 (Z = 5.01) compared to treatment as usual from 130 to 117 (Z = 4.88). Emotional regulation improved significantly in the ACT group from 73 to 55 (Z = 4.835) compared to treatment as usual from 73 to 70 (Z = 2.406). Recovery increased in the ACT group from 50 to 88 (Z = 5.01) compared to treatment as usual from 51 to 61 (Z = 4.93). Psychological flexibility improved in the ACT group from 33 to 25 (Z = 4.98) compared to treatment as usual from 33 to 31 (Z = 4.75). Between‐group differences after intervention were significant for psychotic symptoms, emotional regulation, recovery and psychological flexibility (Z = 2.356, 4.652, 3.881 and 4.453, respectively). Accordingly, the current study demonstrates the effectiveness of ACT in reducing psychotic symptoms and improving emotional regulation, recovery and psychological flexibility in patients with primary psychoses. Integrating ACT into standard care protocols can enhance treatment outcomes, offering a comprehensive approach to managing complex mental health conditions.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06160869
Humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention: The moderating effect of leader expertise
Authors: Abdelaliem Sally Mohammed Farghaly , Asal Maha Gamal Ramadan , Abou Zeid Mennat Allah G. , Hendy Abdelaziz , El‐Sayed Ahmed Abdelwahab Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimThis study was designed to examine the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention and investigate the moderating role of leader expertise in this relationship.BackgroundLeader humility and expertise are two key dimensions of professional spirit in competitive magnet organizations. Many organizational factors could make nurses take a decision to leave their organization; however, leader humility and expertise could help nurses retract from this decision.MethodThis is a multisite cross‐sectional study that was conducted at all medical‐surgical units of four university hospitals. Using scales for assessing leader humility, nurses' turnover intention, and leader expertise, 385 nurses were surveyed. Data were investigated via descriptive and inferential statistics, where correlation, path analysis, and structured equation modeling were used to test the hypothetical relationship among study variables.ResultsThere is a statistically significant negative relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention. Humble leadership and leader expertise were significant predictors of nurses' turnover intention. The moderating effect of leader expertise on the relationship between humble leadership and nurses' turnover intention was statistically significant, making it more negative, implying that leader expertise amplifies the effect of leader humility on reducing nurses’ turnover.ConclusionIncorporating leader expertise with humility could provide an efficient panacea for reducing turnover intentions among nurses in different healthcare organizations.Implications for nursing and health policyHealthcare organizations could develop an efficient retention plan for nurses by cultivating humility among both leaders and nurses. In addition, building nurse leaders' expertise through opening avenues for professional development is a good strategy in the face of nurses' shortage and high turnover. Furthermore, succession planning in healthcare organizations must consider humility as a vital skill among anticipated leaders.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Kaiwen , Zhou Chenxu , Gong Minghui , Zhang Ying , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt remained debates on metabolic‐related disorders in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and essential hypertension (EH). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to explore the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and the related indicators in PA and EH. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their commencement to December 2023 were searched for eligible studies. The meta‐analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 15.1 software. A total of 12 studies were included, revealing that there was no significant difference between PA and EH in the prevalence of MS (1.27[0.92, 1.76], p = 0.14) with higher heterogeneity (I2 = 68%, p = 0.0002), while it became significant different (1.45[1.17, 1.81], p = 0.0008) and lower heterogeneity (I2 = 26%, p = 0.19) in patients who were overweight or obese by subgroup analysis. Higher systolic blood pressure (2.99[0.67, 5.31], p = 0.01; I2 = 43%, p = 0.06) and diastolic blood pressure (2.10[0.82, 3.38], p = 0.001; I2 = 36%, p = 0.11) with lower heterogeneity, and lower triglyceride in PA group with higher heterogeneity (‐0.23[‐0.37, ‐0.09], p = 0.001; I2 = 76%, p < 0.0001) were observed. No significant difference was found in other indicators. This study showed a higher prevalence of MS in patients who were overweight or obese with PA. However, it was not the same in these patients who were in normal weight. More researches were needed to explore the relationship between PA and metabolism of glucose and lipid.
SOD1 inhibition enhances sorafenib efficacy in HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma by modulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and ROS‐mediated cell death
Authors: Lee Jooyoung , Kim Jiye , Lee Ryunjin , Lee Eunkyeong , An Hye‐In , Kwon Yong‐Jae , Jin Hana , Pack Chan‐Gi , Kim Inki , Yoon Young‐In , Park Gil‐Chun , Jwa Eun‐Kyoung , Kwon Jae Hyun , Namgoong Jung‐Man , Song Gi‐Won , Hwang Shin , Tak Eunyoung , Lee Sung‐Gyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection significantly elevates the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with the HBV X protein (HBx) playing a crucial role in cancer progression. Sorafenib, the primary therapy for advanced HCC, shows limited effectiveness in HBV‐infected patients due to HBx‐related resistance. Numerous studies have explored combination therapies to overcome this resistance. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), known for its anticancer effects and its inhibition of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), is hypothesized to counteract sorafenib (SF) resistance in HBV‐positive HCCs. Our research demonstrates that combining DDC with SF significantly reduces HBx and SOD1 expressions in HBV‐positive HCC cells and human tissues. This combination therapy disrupts the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway and promotes apoptosis by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. These cellular changes lead to reduced tumour viability and enhanced sensitivity to SF, as evidenced by the synergistic suppression of tumour growth in xenograft models. Additionally, DDC‐mediated suppression of SOD1 further enhances SF sensitivity in HBV‐positive HCC cells and xenografted animals, thereby inhibiting cancer progression more effectively. These findings suggest that the DDC‐SF combination could serve as a promising strategy for overcoming SF resistance in HBV‐related HCC, potentially optimizing therapy outcomes.
A new method for regionalization of the vertebral column in salmonids based on radiographic hallmarks
Authors: Sankar Murugesan , Kryvi Harald , Fraser Thomas W. K. , Philip Antony J. Prabhu , Remø Sofie , Hansen Tom J. , Witten Paul Eckhard , Fjelldal Per Gunnar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent procedures to establish vertebral column regionalization (e.g., histology) in fish are time consuming and difficult to apply. The aim of this study was to develop a more rapid and accurate radiology‐based method for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A detailed analysis of 90 animals (4 kg) led to the establishment of region‐specific radiographic hallmarks. To elucidate its transferability to other salmonid species, radiography was carried out in brown trout (Salmo trutta), Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). This method was also evaluated for whole ungutted fish. The vertebral column of Atlantic salmon can be subdivided into five regions (R1–R5) based on anatomy: postcranial (R1, V1, and V2), abdominal (R2, V3–V26), transitional (R3, V27–V36), caudal (R4, V37–V53), and ural (R5, V54–V59). The following specific radiographic hallmarks allow the identification of regions: (i) lack of ribs in R1, (ii) modified parapophysis of the first vertebra of R3, (iii) prominent hemal spine of the first vertebra of R4, and (iv) the separated hemal spine of the most cranial pre‐ural vertebra of R5. These hallmarks were all transferable to the other salmonid species assessed. The results include a further description of various region‐specific characteristics in Atlantic salmon. The method was found applicable for sedated/whole ungutted fish, verifying it as quick and easy compared to other regionalization methods. The regions defined by radiology in this study agree with the vertebral column regions recently defined for Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). Thus, and considering the results of this study on various salmonid species, the currently developed regionalization protocol can be generally used for salmonids.
Assessing the nutritional status and impact of a series of nutritional interventions on elderly inpatients using bioelectrical impedance analysis: A service evaluation
Authors: Constantinou Claire , Jefford Joanne , Zygo Marzena , White Judith , Dale Megan , Morris Rhys , Jenkins Judyth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to use bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to assess nutritional status of elderly patients admitted to hospital and quantitatively measure the impact of the Cardiff and Vale University Health Board (CAVUHB) model ward. Secondary objectives were to assess the feasibility of using BIA in this patient population and compare nutrition risk screening tools against fat‐free mass index (FFMI).MethodsA prospective, comparative, single‐centre, service evaluation of a 'model ward for nutrition and hydration' undertaken in medical and rehabilitation beds in a large UK teaching hospital.ResultsA total of 450 BIA measurements were taken using a Bodystat Multiscan 5000 on 162 patients; several patients had repeated measurements during their hospital stay. Patients tolerated the procedure well, but lack of accurate weight, implanted medical devices and tissue viability precluded some participants.ConclusionsBIA is quick, non‐invasive, simple to complete and can elicit huge data about an individual's body composition. In a larger cohort of medical admissions, BIA could assist in identifying the sensitivity and specificity of the nutrition screening tools. The collective benefit of a series of nutritional interventions preserved nutritional status better in this elderly inpatient population than usual models of care. Although results were not statistically significant, there is an opportunity with the new model of care to better support frail patients and prevent deconditioning.
Identification of cortical arteries and veins in awake mice using two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Liu Shuangshuang , Liu FangYue , Lin Zhaoxiaonan , Yin Wei , Fang Sanhua , Piao Ying , Liu Li , Shen Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDistinguishing arteries from veins in the cerebral cortex is critical for studying hemodynamics under pathophysiological conditions, which plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of various vessel‐related diseases. However, due to the complexity of the cerebral vascular network, it is challenging to identify arteries and veins in vivo. Here, we demonstrate an artery–vein separation method that employs a combination of multiple scanning modes of two‐photon microscopy and a custom‐designed stereoscopic fixation device for mice. In this process, we propose a novel method for determining the line scanning direction, which allows us to determine the blood flow directions. The vasculature branches have been identified using an optimized z‐stack scanning mode, followed by the separation of blood vessel types according to the directions of blood flow and branching patterns. Using this strategy, the penetrating arterioles and penetrating venules in awake mice could be accurately identified and the type of cerebral thrombus has been also successfully isolated without any empirical knowledge or algorithms. Our research presents a new, more accurate, and efficient method for cortical artery–vein separation in awake mice, providing a useful strategy for the application of two‐photon microscopy in the study of cerebrovascular pathophysiology.
Clinical applications of a novel poly‐L‐lactic acid microsphere and hyaluronic acid suspension for facial depression filling and rejuvenation
Authors: Su Diya , Yang Wei , He Tong , Wu Jiaxu , Zou Muyan , Liu Xiaowen , Li Ruizhi , Wang Shiwei , Lai Chen , Wang Jieqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoly L‐lactic acid (PLLA) can stimulate fibrous tissue regeneration to exert a filling effect. However, severe inflammatory reactions and unsatisfactory effects remain a concern.ObjectiveHerein, we describe the mechanism of action, efficacy, and safety of PLLA microspheres in suspension (PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA) for facial contouring and soft tissue augmentation.MethodsPLLA‐b‐PEG/HA, ssynthesized by copolymerization with ethylene glycol, were suspended in hyaluronic acid (HA). Physiological verification was performed using scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray computed tomography. PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA were subcutaneously injected into the dorsal region of 4‐month‐old rabbits. Ultrasound assessed volumetric capacity at 3 days and 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks. The inflammatory response, collagen production, and HA degradation were evaluated. A retrospective case series of 10 patients who received PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA injections was conducted to assess long‐term efficacy and safety.ResultsPLLA‐b‐PEG exhibited a spherical structure with a smooth surface (20–45 μm diameter). In rabbits, implant site volume increased within 4 weeks, gradually decreasing thereafter. Fibrous capsules, microvessel density, and new collagen fiber formation progressively increased at 4, 12, and 26 weeks after injection. Clinical data demonstrated significant improvements in face contouring at months 3 and 12 after injection. All patients showed improved internal contours based on the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale. After 12 months, 90% of the patients retained good shaping and support effects with minimal adverse reactions.ConclusionsPLLA‐b‐PEG/HA demonstrated superior biocompatibility and facial regeneration potential, with outstanding dual collagen‐stimulating properties. The clinical efficacy and safety of PLLA‐b‐PEG/HA have been validated and established as a promising therapeutic option.