bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin-Mediated Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in LLC-PK1 Pig Kidney Cell Line, Female Rat Primary Kidney Cells, and Male ZDF Rat Kidneys In Vivo
Authors: Othman Eman Maher , Kreissl Michael C. , Kaiser Franz R. , Arias-Loza Paula-Anahi , Stopper Helga 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHyperinsulinemia, a condition with excessively high insulin blood levels, is related to an increased cancer incidence. Diabetes mellitus is the most common of several diseases accompanied by hyperinsulinemia. Because an elevated kidney cancer risk was reported for diabetic patients, we investigated the induction of genomic damage by insulin in LLC-PK1 pig kidney cells, rat primary kidney cells, and ZDF rat kidneys. Insulin at a concentration of 5nM caused a significant increase in DNA damage in vitro. This was associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the presence of antioxidants, blockers of the insulin, and IGF-I receptors, and a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, the insulin-mediated DNA damage was reduced. Phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB or AKT) was increased and p53 accumulated. Inhibition of the mitochondrial and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatase oxidase-related ROS production reduced the insulin-mediated damage. In primary rat cells, insulin also induced genomic damage. In kidneys from healthy, lean ZDF rats, which were infused with insulin to yield normal or high blood insulin levels, while keeping blood glucose levels constant, the amounts of ROS and the tumor protein (p53) were elevated in the high-insulin group compared with the control level group. ROS and p53 were also elevated in diabetic obese ZDF rats. Overall, insulin-induced oxidative stress resulted in genomic damage. If the same mechanisms are active in patients, hyperinsulinemia might cause genomic damage through the induction of ROS contributing to the increased cancer risk, against which the use of antioxidants and/or ROS production inhibitors might exert protective effects.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Targets of Dietary Soy During Acute Stroke in Female Rats
Authors: Ma Yulin , Lovekamp-Swan Tara , Bekele Woube , Dohi Akiko , Schreihofer Derek A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Dietary soy and soy isoflavones are neuroprotective in experimental cerebral ischemia. Because these isoflavones have estrogenic properties, we hypothesized that, like estrogens, they would inhibit acute vascular injury and the detrimental acute increase in hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that leads to cerebral edema after stroke. Mature ovariectomized female Sprague Dawley rats were fed soy-free or soy-containing diets for 4 weeks followed by 90 minutes of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Similar to estrogens, dietary soy significantly reduced cerebral edema and vascular apoptosis 24 hours after stroke. Soy also inhibited the ischemia-induced increase in cortical VEGF and VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2 protein expression observed 4 and 24 hours after stroke, although mRNA levels increased. The reduction in VEGF/VEGFR-2 was associated both with decreases in receptor phosphorylation and signaling to AKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore degradation of the VEGFR-2 was increased with dietary soy. The primary ischemic stimulus for VEGF, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α), was similarly reduced by dietary soy 4 hours after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in both the cortex and striatum. The inhibition of HIF1α activity was further confirmed by a significant decrease in the HIF1α-activated apoptotic mediator BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 (Nip3-like protein X). These data suggest that soy isoflavones target events early in the ischemic cascade as part of their neuroprotective actions and counterbalance some of the detrimental effects of the endogenous response to cerebral injury.
Application of a Bis(silylene) Nickel Complex as Precatalyst in C–C Bond Formation Reactions
Authors: Someya Chika I , Haberberger Michael , Wang Wenyuan , Enthaler Stephan , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In the present study the catalytic performance of a nickel complex stabilized by an oxygen-bridged bis(silylene) ligand was examined in cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with organometallic zinc and Grignard reagents. Good to excellent catalytic activity was observed for a variety of substrates with this system.
Expansion of Pore Windows and Interior Spaces of Microporous Porphyrin-based Metal Carboxylate Frameworks: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of [Cu2(ZnBDCBPP)]
Authors: Matsunaga Satoshi , Kato Shigeki , Endo Nanako , Mori Wasuke 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
We successfully synthesized a novel porphyrin-based metal carboxylate framework, [Cu2(ZnBDCBPP)]·5DMF·5H2O, with expanded pore windows and interior spaces, by using a ZnBDCBPP building block. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that the framework of [Cu2(ZnBDCBPP)] formed a three-dimensional network. The cavity was surrounded by a total of 16 accessible metal sites with two distinct metals, and large pore windows were present. These large pore windows appear to be crucial for an enhanced catalytic performance because they facilitate the diffusion of substrates and products.
Structural Control of Carbon Nanotubes due to Magnetic Fields Applied in Preparation
Authors: Sakaguchi Ayumi , Hamasaki Atom , Ozeki Sumio 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Multi- and single-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs and SWCNTs) were prepared by the chemical vapor deposition from ethanol-saturated Ar gas onto catalytic substrates at 1073 K under magnetic fields of up to 10 T. MWCNTs were aligned in parallel to magnetic fields more than 4 T in the growth process even at 1073 K. Also, the formation of metallic SWCNTs of around 1.0-nm diameter was promoted over 4 T. These results demonstrate that magnetic fields may control the growth of CNTs.
An Electrochemically Surface-modified Porous Granule Developed for Phosphate Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yang Shengjiong , Ding Dahu , Zhao Yingxin , Zhang Zhenya 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
A porous granule was developed from Kanuma clay, corn starch, iron powder, white cement, and calcium oxide for phosphate removal. An electrochemical surface modification (ESM) process was then adopted during the preparation of the porous granule (PG). The results reflect that PG is a more promising adsorbent than other clay mineral materials for phosphate removal from wastewater, and ESM process is approved to be a novel effective surface modification path.
Size Selective Synthesis of Subnano Pd Clusters Using Core [Poly(propylene imine)]–Shell [Poly(benzyl ether)] Hybrid Dendrimers
Authors: Mizugaki Tomoo , Kibata Takayuki , Mitsudome Takato , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The core–shell hybrid dendrimers consisting of a third generation poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendrimer as a core and poly(benzyl ether) (PBE) dendrons as shells were synthesized. Fine tuning of the nanovoids of the hybrid dendrimers was achieved by changing the generation of the PBE dendron units, which allows the maximum size of Pd clusters encapsulated within the dendrimer to be controlled.
Preparation of LiClO4-doped Titanium Organodiphosphonates Possessing Oligomeric Ethylene Oxide Chains and Their Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Saito Hitomi , Dobashi Masataka , Naka Hiroki , Momma Toshiyuki , Osaka Tetsuya , Sugahara Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Hybrids possessing both oligomeric ethylene oxide chains and Ti–O–P networks were prepared from TiCl4 and organodiphosphonic acid [(HO)2OP(C2H4O)3C2H4PO(OH)2] via a nonhydrolytic sol–gel process and subsequently treated with a LiClO4 solution. The P/Ti ratio was fixed at 2 and the ethylene oxide unit/Li+ ratio was changed from 5 to 20. Li+ ions are likely to be solvated by ether oxygen atoms. Li+ ion transport in the hybrids with ionic conductivity values in the 10−5 S cm−1 range was observed at ambient temperatures.
Density and distribution of connexin 43 in corpus cavernosum tissue from diabetic and hypogonadal patients with erectile dysfunction
Authors: Traish Abdulmaged M. , Stottrup Casey , van Renterghem Koenraad , Achten Ruth , Roy Sayon 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Aim: Altered expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) has been postulated to be involved in the development and progression of various diseases including erectile dysfunction (ED). The aim of this study was to determine whether distribution and density of the gap junction protein Cx43 are altered in human corpus cavernosum (HCC) tissue samples derived from diabetic or hypogonadal patients with ED compared to those from normal subjects.

Methods: HCC tissue sections derived from normal, diabetic and hypogonadal subjects were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin and immunostained with a monoclonal mouse anti-rat Cx43 antibody. Cx43 density was expressed as the cumulative number of gap junction plaques per unit area of tissue corrected for number of 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, dihydrochloride-labeled smooth muscle cells (dots per unit area corrected for number of cells).

Results: The distribution of Cx43 plaques in smooth muscle was not affected in tissues derived from diabetic or hypogonadal subjects with ED compared with those from normal subjects. However, the number of Cx43 plaques was significantly reduced in HCC tissues derived from diabetic or hypogonadal subjects (73±8% and 68±11% of normal, respectively), indicating reduced Cx43 gap junctions in diabetic and hypogonadal subjects with ED.

Conclusions: Cx43 density in the HCC was diminished in tissue samples derived from diabetic or hypogonadal patients with ED compared to tissue samples from normal non-diabetic subjects. This marked decrease in Cx43 gap junction channels may contribute to attenuated gap junction function and to diminished erectile physiology.
Correlation of Serum Interferon Gamma and Neopterin Concentrations in Africans with Various Diseases
Authors: Reibnegger Gilbert , Fuchs Dietmar , Hausen Arno , Schmutzhard Erich , Werner Ernst R. , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Dierich Manfred P. , Wachter Helmut 
Published: March 2013

Summary Concentrations of interferon gamma in serum and of neopterin in serum and urine were determined in 55 Tanzanians attending a local hospital for various diseases or complaints. For comparison, serum concentrations of interferon gamma and of neopterin were also measured in 76 clinically healthy Austrian blood donors. Both interferon gamma and neopterin concentrations were significantly higher in patients than in blood donors. Both analytes were significantly correlated with each other, and both exhibited similar behaviour in dependence on clinical diagnosis. The results support use of neopterin determination for indirect measurement of endogenous production of interferon gamma.
Immune Markers in Pregnancy A Study on Neopterin, β2-Microglobulin, Deoxythymidine Kinase and C-Reactive Protein
Authors: Norman Margareta , Bremme Katarina , Eneroth Peter 
Published: March 2013

Summary Neopterin and β2-microglobulin but neither C-reactive protein nor deoxythymidine kinase increased in maternal serum from pregnancy week 20 to 40. Only maternal C-reactive protein concentrations changed during vaginal delivery and after 4 days post partum. Retroplacental plasma levels of neopterin, deoxythymidine kinase and β2-microglobulin were significantly higher than in maternal peripheral serum which was interpreted as an indication of increased activity of the immune system as influenced by the fetoplacental unit. The concentrations of neopterin, deoxythymidine kinase and β2-microglobulin were significantly higher in mixed artero-venous umbilical plasma than in the retroplacental plasma, possibly reflecting activation signals to immunocompetent cells in the neonates. The possibility of a transfer of these compounds from fetal to maternal circulation was also pointed out.
Study on the Pteridines Metabolism in Children Affected by Hyperphenylalaninaemia and Phenylketonuria
Authors: Valsasina R. , Riva E. , Biasucci G. , Longhi R. , Giovannini M. 
Published: March 2013

Summary Atypical phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency. In Italy a systematic screening service for BH4 deficiency is not currently performed, therefore its real frequency is not known yet. We determined urinary excretion of biopterin (B) and neopterin (N) by HPLC in 74 phenylketonuric and hyperphenylalaninemic subjects, including all newborns with positive Guthrie's test for PKU since 1984. We found two patients with N and B urinary values above the classical PKU range. In these subjects we also performed a BH4 loading test that restored a normal plasma phenylalanine level in one case, while it had no effect in the other one. In both of them, the enzymatic activity of dihydropteridine reductase on dried blood spots was absent. We conclude that the determination of urinary pteridines together with the BH4 loading test are useful and informative tools in the screening of BH4 deficiencies, but that a conclusive diagnosis can only be achieved by the enzymatic assays.
Synthesis and Dihydropteridine Reductase [EC 1.6.99.10] (Human) Activity of Reduced 2,7-Dimethylpteridin-4(3H)-one, 2-Methyl-2-desaminoneopterin [6-(1' S,2' R-1' ,2' ,3' -trihydroxypropyl)-2-methylpteridin-4(3H)one] and 2-Methyl-2-desaminobiopterin [6-(1' R,2' S-1',2'-dihydroxypropyl)- 2-methylpteridin-4(3 H)-one]
Authors: Matsuura Sadao , Traub Hermann , Armarego Wilfred L. F. 
Published: March 2013

Summary The syntheses of the title compounds have been achieved starting from 4,5-diamino-2-methylpyrimidin-6( 1 H)one. Sufficient amounts of the quinonoid 7,8-dihydropteridin-4(6H)-ones (12-14) were formed upon oxidation of the corresponding 5,6,7 ,8-tetrahydro derivatives (15 -17) to show that they are substrates of dihydroptcridine reductase (human). The apparent Km and Kcal values of (12-14) were determined. These provided evidence that the tautomeric form of the natural cofactor 7,8-dihydro(6H)biopterin has the endocyclic C2- N3 double bond structure (29).
Separation and Determination of Tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamates and their 5-Methyl Derivatives by Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography with Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Kohashi Masahiro , Takahashi Asako , Iwai Kazuo 
Published: March 2013

SummaryA highly sensitive method for the separation and quantitation of tetrahydrofolylpolyglutamates (H4PteGlun ) and their 5-methyl derivatives (CH3H4PteGlun) of different chain lengths by a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection is described. These compounds have been separated using a cosmosil 5-Ph column eluted with 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pH 2.2, containing 0.05 M disodium EDTA and 1 % methanol at a tlow-rate of 1.5 ml/min, and an electrochemical detector (at a potential of + 350 mV versus the Ag/AgCI electrode). Good separation has been obtained on both H4PteGlun and CH3H4PteGIun derivatives containing up to 6 glutamyl residues. The detection limits at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 for H4PteGlun and CH3H4PteGIun series (n = 1 - 6) were 1 -10 and 10 -15 pmol, respectivel y.
High Protein Diet and Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Activities in Rats
Authors: Carty Michael P. , Beirne Edel , Donlon John 
Published: March 2013

SummaryThe effects of a diet of 85% casein on the activities of the phenylalanine hydroxylases of rat liver and kidney have been compared. Whereas only the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent activity of rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase is significantly stimulated, both the tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent and the dimethyltetrahydropterin- dependent activities of the renal enzyme are significantly decreased, after five days of feeding a casein diet. The animals fed a high protein diet for seven days have an increased rate of phenylalanine catabolism in vivo, which is also reflected in increased flux of label from phenylalanine into glucose. The regulation of phenylalanine metabolism, under these conditions, is discussed.
Urinary Neopterin as Marker for Disease Activity in Children and Adolescents with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Granditsch Gerhard , Fuchs Dietmar , Hausen Arno , Reibnegger Gilbert , Werner Ernst R. , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Wachter Helmut 
Published: March 2013

Summary Elevated production and excretion of neopterin indicate activation of cell-mediated immunity, since neopterin is produced in large quantities by human macrophages after stimulation with interferon gamma. In 21 patients, aged 9 to 19 years, with Crohn’s disease, urinary neopterin was measured on a total of 135 consecutive followup visits. Additionally, a large panel of anamnestic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained at every visit. Both the first visit data set (21 records) and the complete data set (135 records) were analyzed separately. As was previously demonstrated in adults with Crohn’s disease, neopterin excretion proved to be strongly correlated with overall rating of disease activity, and also with separate anamnestic, clinical and laboratory activity scores. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that neopterin provides statistically independent information. Thus, measurement of neopterin concentrations as a marker for activation of cellular immune phenomena could aid in the monitoring of pediatric and juvenile Crohn’s disease.
Synthesis and Physico-Chemical Properties of 6- and 7-Monosubstituted Pyrazino|2,3-c̱|-1,2,6-thiadiazine 2,2-Dioxides
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Goya Pilar , Paez Juan Antonio , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2013

Summary Selective procedures for the synthesis of 6- and of 7-monosubstituted derivatives of pyrazinoI2,3-c̱|-1 ,2,6- thiadiazine 2,2-dioxide and their reactions with N-bromosuccinimide are reported. The structures of the compounds are discussed on the basis of 1 H -, 13C_ NMR and UV spectroscopic data. The pKa values of the compounds have also been determined.
Pteridines, XCVI. Synthesis and Reactions of 6-(1,2,3-Trihydroxypropyl)pteridines
Authors: Soyka Rainer , Pfleiderer Wolfgang 
Published: March 2013

Summary Various hydropyrano [3.2-g] pteridines (7, 10, 12, 21 , 33) were oxidized to the corresponding 6-(1,2,3- trihydroxypropyl)pteridine derivatives (8,9, 11, 13,32, 34), which are valuable intermediates for the synthesis of new 6-substituted pteridines (15 - 46). Periodate oxidation led to pteridine-6-carboxaldehydes (15, 16, 17, 38), which easily formed oximes (19 - 22, 39, 40). The aldehydes were further oxidized to 6-carboxylic acids (25,26,42) or reduced to 6-hydroxymethyl derivatives (27, 28, 43). Reductive condensations of the aldehydes (15, 16, 38) with p-aminobenzoylglutamic acid afforded folic acid analogues (29, 30, 44). Dehydration of the oximes (19, 20, 39) resulted in the formation of 6-carbonitriles (23, 24, 41, 46). The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and by UV and NMR spectra.
Activity of 5, 10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate Synthetase in Rat Tissues and in Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Li Mingxia , Collier Christine , Gritsman Helena , Bertino Joseph R. 
Published: March 2013

Summary The enzyme 5.1O-methenyltetrahydrofolate synthetase catalyzes the key enzymatic reaction in the pathway by which 5-formyl tetrahydrofolate (leucovorin) enters the folate coenzyme pool. The distribution of this enzyme in different organs and tumor cell lines was studied. This enzyme has a wide distribution among organs and tumor cell lines with highest levels of activity in liver and kidney. Tumor cell lines also contain significant levels of this enzyme activity. Thus, leucovorin can be converted to active folate coenzyme forms in organs and tumor cells, and does not require conversion in liver alone. The implications of these findings for leucovorin usage as "rescue" after methotrexate treatment or to augment fluoropyrimidine cytotoxicity are discussed.
Distinct Neopterin Excretion Patterns after Vaccination
Authors: Fuchs Dietmar , Hausen Arno , Reibnegger Gilbert , Werner Ernst R. , Werner-Felmayer Gabriele , Wachter Helmut 
Published: March 2013

Summary To compare the involvement of cellular immunity in response to vaccination we have investigated urinary neopterin levels in daily follow-ups of children after vaccination with live measles/mumps vaccine and of adults after boosting with the soluble antigen tetanus toxoid. Neopterin levels distinctly peaked 8 - 11 days after vaccination with measles/mumps vaccine. In contrast, after boosting with soluble antigen tetanus toxoid neopterin levels remained unaffected. Large amounts of neopterin are produced by human monocytes/ macro phages on stimulation with gamma interferon. In patients neopterin concentrations reflect activation of cell mediated immunity. The data imply that distinct pathways of T cell activation are triggered in humans after immunization with live vaccine and with soluble antigen .
Urinary Neopterin, Antigenaemia and CD4/CD8 Ratio in HIV Positive Children under AZT Therapy
Authors: Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Biasucci Giacomo , Brioschi Manuela , Brioschi Manuela , Antonucci Angela , Riva Enrica , Giovannini Marcello 
Published: March 2013

Summary We evaluated urinary neopterin in seven HIV positive children, aged 4 months to 4 years, 11 months, under Zidovudine (AZT) treatment, 300 mg/mq/12 hourly per os.The results were compared with HIV antigenaemia (HIV Ag) and CD4/CD8 ratios.Neopterin (μmol/mol creatinine) was determined by HPLC; HIV Ag assessed by enzyme-immunoassay and T-cell subsets by flow-citometry.Blood and urine samples were obtained before and at 3 and 6 months after starting therapy.There was no significant trend in CD4/CD8 ratios during AZT treatment. Neopterin and HIV Ag showed a statistically significant decrease (median values 3239, 1679, 2062 μmol/mol creatinine; 2.7, 1.3, 1.2 sample optic density/cut off optic density respectively; p < 0.05 by Friedman's test) and were also significantly correlated (p = 0.01 by Spearman's ranks correlation test).We conclude that urinary neopterin is useful in monitoring AZT therapy in HIV positive children.
Localization of Sepiapterin Deaminase and Pteridines In the Granules In Epidermal Cells of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Tsusué M. , Kuroda S. , Sawada H. 
Published: March 2013

Summary A new method for assay of sepiapterin deaminase (3.5.4.24) activity by use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. By this sensitive method the enzyme activity in the cell organelle was assayed. After cell fractionation, the enzyme was extracted with deoxycholate from pteridine granules of epidermal cells of the lemon mutant silkworm. On stepwise sucrose gradient centrifugation, most of the enzyme activity localized in the aggregated pteridine granules fraction, while the soluble fraction contained only one fourth of the total enzyme activity. The enzyme in the granule fraction had the same properties as the previously reported sepiapterin deaminase. These data show that the enzyme is localized in pteridine granules in the living cells. The attachment of the enzyme to the granule membrane is rather loose and previous papers studied the enzyme released from the granules. Cell fractionation and morphological observation showed that sepiapterin, sepialumazine and other pteridines were also localized in the granules together with uric acid.