bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowering STEM students: A university‐wide mentorship program fostering retention and belonging
Authors: Ravishankar Sumedha , Spencer‐Drakes Tara C. J. , Fernandes Ivy H. , Hayes Megan I. , Coopwood Shelby , Spencer Ilya , Neal Sonya E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the face of a challenging climate STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) higher education that is resistant to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion efforts aimed to increase and retain students from historically excluded groups (HEGs), there is a critical need for a support structure to ensure students from HEGs continue to be recruited retained. The Biology Undergraduate and Master's Mentorship Program (BUMMP) embodies this commitment to fostering scientific identity, efficacy, and a sense of belonging for first‐generation and historically underserved undergraduate and master's students at UC San Diego. The mission of BUMMP is to cultivate a sense of belonging, instill confidence, and nurture a strong scientific identity amongst all its participants. At its core, the three pillars of BUMMP are (1) mentorship, (2) professional development, and (3) research. Quality mentorship is provided where students receive personal guidance from faculty, graduate students, postdocs, and industry leaders in navigating their career pathways. Complementing mentorship, BUMMP provides paid research opportunities and prioritizes professional development by offering workshops designed to enhance students' professional skills. These three pillars form the backbone of BUMMP, empowering students from all backgrounds and ensuring their retention and persistence in STEM. So far, we've served over 1350 mentees, collaborated with 809 mentors, and had over 180 mentees actively engaged in BUMMP‐sponsored research activities. The primary focus of this paper is to provide a programmatic guideline for the three pillars of BUMMP: mentorship, professional development, and research. This will offer a blueprint for other institutions to establish similar mentorship programs. Additionally, the paper highlights the impact of the BUMMP program and surveyed mentees who have participated in the mentorship and research component of BUMMP. We showed that mentorship and research experience enhance students' sense of belonging, science identity, and science efficacy, which are key predictors of retention and persistence in pursuing a STEM career. Overall, BUMMP's expansive efforts have made a tremendous impact at UC San Diego and will continue to foster a community of future leaders who will be prepared to make meaningful contributions to the scientific community and beyond.
Factors associated with PrEP‐era HIV seroconversion in a 4‐year U.S. national cohort of n = 6059 sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men, 2017−2022
Authors: Grov Christian , Guo Yan , Westmoreland Drew A. , D'Angelo Alexa B. , Mirzayi Chloe , Dearolf Michelle , Carneiro Pedro , Ray Meredith , Pantalone David , Carrico Adam W. , Patel Viraj V. , Golub Sarit A. , Hirshfield Sabina , Hoover Donald R. , Nash Denis 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionCommunity‐based cohort studies of HIV seroconversion can identify important avenues for enhancing HIV prevention efforts in the era of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Within individuals, one can assess exposure and outcome variables repeatedly and with increased certainty regarding temporal ordering. This cohort study examined the association of several risk factors with subsequent HIV seroconversion.MethodsWe report data from a 4‐year study (2017−2022) of 6059 HIV seronegative sexual and gender minority individuals who have sex with men who had indications for‐, but were not using‐, PrEP at enrolment. Participants completed repeat exposure assessments and self‐collection of biospecimens for HIV testing. We examined the roles of race and ethnicity, socio‐economic status, methamphetamine use and PrEP uptake over the course of follow‐up in relation to HIV seroconversion.ResultsOver 4 years, 303 of the participants seroconverted across 18,421 person‐years (incidence rate = 1.64 [95% CI: 1.59−1.70] per 100 person‐years). In multivariable discrete‐time survival analysis, factors independently associated with elevated HIV seroconversion risk included being Black/African American (adjusted risk ratio [aRR]: 2.44, 1.79−3.28), Hispanic/Latinx (1.53, 1.19−1.96), housing instability (1.58, 1.22−2.05) and past year methamphetamine use (3.82, 2.74−5.33). Conversely, time since study enrolment (24 vs. 12 months, 0.67, 0.51−0.87; 36 months, 0.60, 0.45−0.80; 48 months, 0.48, 0.35−0.66) and higher education (master's degree or higher vs. less than or equal to high school, 0.36, 0.17−0.66) were associated with reduced seroconversion risk. Compared to non‐PrEP users in the past 2 years without a current clinical indication, those who started PrEP but then discontinued had higher seroconversion risk, irrespective of clinical indication (3.23, 1.74−6.46) or lack thereof (4.30, 1.85−9.88). However, those who initiated PrEP in the past year (0.14, 0.04−0.39) or persistently used PrEP in the past 2 years (0.33, 0.14−0.74) had a lower risk of seroconversion. Of all HIV seroconversions observed during follow‐up assessments (12, 24, 36 and 48 months), methamphetamine was reported in the 12 months prior 128 (42.2%) times (overall).ConclusionsInterventions that acknowledge race and ethnicity, economic variables such as education and housing instability, and methamphetamine use are critically needed. Not only are interventions to engage individuals in PrEP care needed, but those that retain them, and re‐engage those who may fall out of care are essential, given the exceptionally high risk of seroconversion in these groups.
The relationship of early therapeutic alliance, baseline client symptom severity, and client race to duration in therapy and post client symptom severity
Authors: Evans Tyler S. , Ridley Charles , Baek Eunkyeng , Elliott Timothy , Elbert Chanda 
Published: June 2024

AbstractExtending the study of Shaw et al., this study aimed to determine whether early therapeutic alliance, baseline client symptom severity, and client race predicted treatment duration and post client symptom severity. Participants (N = 75) were clients at a community mental health clinic. Baseline client symptom severity, but not early therapeutic alliance, predicted post client symptom severity; client race predicted treatment duration. Collectively, early therapeutic alliance, baseline client symptom severity, and client race predicted post client symptom severity.
Understanding regulating effects of protein–anionic octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch interactions on the structural, rheological, digestibility and release properties of starch
Authors: Li Yihui , Li Runya , Chen Sitong , Wang Xiaoyan , Jiang Yuling , Fang Yong , Lin Qinlu , Ding Yongbo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundProteins and anionic octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)‐modified starch (OSA‐starch) are common ingredients in food systems. The interactions between OSA‐starch and protein are found to alter the structural and functional properties of the protein–OSA‐starch complexes. In this regard, the close understanding of the relationship among the molecular interactions between whey protein isolate (WPI) and OSA–high amylose corn starch (HAS), structure changes and rheological, digestibility and release properties of WPI‐OSA‐HAS was investigated.ResultsThe molecular interactions of WPI–OSA–HAS were significant for increasing the surface rough, solubility, storage modulus and loss modulus, but decreasing the R1047/1022 values. For the nutritional evaluation, the anti‐digestibility of WPI–OSA–HAS was enhanced with increased resistant starch + slowly digestible starch contents and decreased equilibrium hydrolysis percentage and kinetic constant. During the digestion, part of the starch granule, OSA groups and WPI were lost, but the loss was lower than for OSA–HAS. Furthermore, the results of curcumin‐loaded WPI–OSA–HAS in simulated gastrointestinal fluids demonstrated that curcumin could be gradually released to simulate colonic fluid. Notably, the interaction between WPI and OSA–HAS depended on the WPI concentration with the stronger molecular interactions obtained at 35% concentration.ConclusionThese results provided important information concerning how to adjust the rheological, anti‐digestibility and release properties of WPI–OSA–HAS through altering the electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions of WPI–OSA–HAS. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Real‐time PCR‐based quantitative microbiome profiling elucidates the microbial dynamic succession in backslopping fermentation of Taiwanese pickled cabbage
Authors: Hu You‐Yun , Lo I‐Hsuan , Hsiao Jhih‐Ting , Sheu Fuu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobiota succession determines the flavor and quality of fermented foods. Quantitative PCR‐based quantitative microbiome profiling (QMP) has been applied broadly for microbial analysis from absolute abundance perspectives, transforming microbiota ratios into counts by normalizing 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing data with gene copies quantified by quantitative PCR. However, the application of QMP in fermented foods is still limited.RESULTSQMP elucidated microbial succession of Taiwanese pickled cabbage. In the spontaneous first‐round fermentation (FR), the 16S rRNA gene copies of total bacteria increased from 6.1 to 10 log copies mL−1. The dominant lactic acid bacteria genera were successively Lactococcus, Leuconostoc and Lactiplantibacillus. Despite the decrease in the proportion of Lactococcus during the succession, the absolute abundance of Lactococcus still increased. In the backslopping second‐round fermentation (SR), the total bacteria 16S rRNA gene copies increased from 7.6 to 9.9 log copies mL−1. The addition of backslopping starter and vinegar rapidly led to a homogenous microbial community dominated by Lactiplantibacillus. The proportion of Lactiplantibacillus remained consistently around 90% during SR, whereas its absolute abundance exhibited a continuous increase. In SR without vinegar, Leuconostoc consistently dominated the fermentation.CONCLUSIONThe present study highlights that compositional analysis would misinterpret microbial dynamics, whereas QMP reflected the real succession profiles and unveiled the essential role of vinegar in promoting Lactiplantibacillus dominance in backslopping fermentation of Taiwanese pickled cabbage. Quantitative microbiome profiling (QMP) was found to be a more promising approach for the detailed observation of microbiome succession in food fermentation compared to compositional analysis. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ten‐Year Efficacy of Transoral Surgery for Squamous Carcinoma of the Lateral Oropharynx
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Garcia Dominique , Rahman Arifeen , Holsinger F. Christopher 
Published: June 2024

ObjectivesTo document the 10‐year results of transoral mandibular preservation surgery for patients with T1‐2 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from the lateral oropharynx.MethodsThis was a retrospective 30‐year review using STROBE guidelines at an academic, tertiary referral center. A total of 294 patients with T1‐2 SCC of the lateral oropharynx were reviewed. Only 19% of patients were never‐smokers, suggesting a predominantly HPV‐negative population. All patients had transoral mandibular preservation surgery. Follow‐up therapy included neck dissection (76.5%), induction chemotherapy (57.8%), and postoperative radiation therapy (31.6%) Local control, survival, and functional endpoints, as well as the consequences of local recurrence, were analyzed.ResultsThe 10‐year local disease control was 88.3%. Local recurrence was salvaged in 50% of cases, resulting in an overall 94.5% local control rate. The overall 10‐year survival was 50%. Mortality was related to metachronous second primary cancer (MSPC) (29.2%), medical comorbidities (25.7%), uncontrolled local recurrence (10%), and complications following transoral resection (4.2%). In multivariate analysis, the development of an MSPC significantly increased (p < 0.005) the risk of death. Overall, 95.2% of patients achieved mandibular preservation. However, gastrostomy and tracheostomy dependence occurred in 1% and 0.3% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsFor a patient population with a significant percentage of tobacco‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), transoral surgery was associated with long‐term minimal postoperative complications and a high rate of local control. MSPC was the main cause of death during the first 10 postoperative years. Such long‐term figures support transoral surgery as an effective first‐line treatment for early‐stage predominantly tobacco‐related OPC.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 134:4564–4572, 2024
Effects of fertilizer types and application levels on phosphorus availability of saline soils and crops: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Tong , Dong Xinliang , Guo Kai , Wang Jintao , Liu Xiaojing , Sun Hongyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPhosphorus deficiency limits agricultural production in saline soils. Phosphorus fertilizer (P fertilizer) affects soil and crop phosphorus availability, water eutrophication control, and rock phosphate ore resource protection. To clarify the effect of varying types and amounts of fertilizers on the phosphorus availability enhancement at different degrees of saline soil and provide theoretical basis for rational fertilization at high salt soil, a meta‐analysis of 257 datasets from 24 studies was conducted. All studies were from Asia and focused on the effects of P fertilizer on the phosphorus availability in saline soils. P fertilizer application increased soil available phosphorus (AP) and total phosphorus (TP) contents by 49.24% and 56.19% (pQ < 0.05). Further sub‐group analysis revealed that the P fertilizer types, application levels, soil salinity, soil alkalinity, and crop species affected the response variables (AP, TP, above‐ground P content, and yield), as well as derived variables such as the proportion of AP to TP content (AP/TP) and the phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency. Intermediate‐level pure organic fertilizer enhanced AP content by 55.66%, while high‐level pure organic fertilizer enhanced AP/TP. Intermediate‐level pure organic fertilizer showed the best effects on above‐ground P content and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency. Mineral plus organic fertilizer at this level achieved the highest yield increase (122.34%). Soil phosphorus availability improved more in mild salinity and pH <8.5 soils. Therefore, integrating the overall responses, applying mineral plus organic fertilizer or pure organic fertilizer at an intermediate level (20–60 kg·ha−1·year−1) for 1–2 years could enhance soil AP content, benefit crop growth, and agricultural productivity in saline soils while managing input costs effectively.
Multi‐omics analyses reveal the signatures of metabolite transfers across trophic levels in a high‐CO2 ocean
Authors: Ye Mengcheng , Zhang Jiale , Xiao Mengting , Huang Jiali , Zhou Yunyue , Beardall John , Raven John A. , Gao Guang , Liang Xiao , Wu Fenghuang , Peng Baoyi , Xu Leyao , Lu Yucong , Liang Shiman , Wang Yipeng , Zhang Hao , Li Jingyao , Cheng Ling , Ruan Zuoxi , Xia Jianrong , Jin Peng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAlthough the diverse impacts of elevated dissolved CO2 and warming on organisms within various trophic levels in marine food webs are well documented, we have yet to explore the biological links across different levels of biological organization from primary producers to secondary producers on an evolutionary time scale in a high‐CO2 ocean. Here, we cultured a model marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (primary producer) in predicted future high‐CO2 and/or warming conditions for ~ 1250 d with an experimental evolution approach and then fed them to the clam Coelomactra antiquata (secondary producer). We present an in‐depth multi‐omics analysis along the methylome (primary producer)–transcriptome (primary producer)–metabolome (primary producer)–metabolome (secondary producer) continuum. Our results showed that the downregulated terpenoid backbone biosynthesis in the methylome and transcriptome lead to decreased pyruvate levels and upregulation of some pathways (such as phenylalanine metabolism) in the metabolome of the primary producer in the long‐term warming conditions. These changes in metabolomic profile in the primary producer were then transferred to the secondary producer, resulting in changes in abundance of some metabolites, such as decreases in pyruvate, and in pyruvaldhyde (also known as methylglyoxal), and increases in 2‐hydroxylamino‐4,6‐dinitrotoluene. Our study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the trophic transfer from primary to secondary producers in a future high‐CO2 ocean and may provide more accurate projections of marine ecosystem services and functions over the next century.
Optical Trapping of Few‐Layered Materials on Solid Substrates for In Situ and Dynamic Fabrication
Authors: Shi Zhangxing , Shen Tianci , Dou Lin , Gu Zhaoqi , Zhu Runlin , Dong Xinyi , Gu Fuxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe performances of few‐layered (FL) material‐based devices are usually fixed after fabrication and difficult to be further dynamically tuned. As the thickness approaches the atomic scale, moving FL materials on solid substrates is challenging due to the substantial increase in interfacial friction and simultaneous decrease in stiffness. Here, believed to be the first, optical trapping of FL materials on dry solid substrates is demonstrated, with attractive advantages of ultralow excitation power (µW level), high precision, and wear‐free. The trapping mechanism relies on photothermal shock‐induced thermal gradient force traps. Precise motion control including translation and rotation is achieved, with step resolutions of ≈0.15 nm and ≈1.6 × 10−3 degrees per laser pulse, respectively. Direct locomotion of FL materials with a minimal thickness of 2.5 nm and indirect locomotion of tri‐layers MoS2 (≈1.9 nm thickness) by optically dragging multilayered sections are demonstrated. Furthermore, in situ construction of homo‐ and heterostructures and dynamic modulation of nanowire lasing spectra are showcased. This study will facilitate in situ fabrication of nanoelectronic/photonic devices with both structures and performances dynamically tuned.
Advancing High‐Power Laser Lighting: Designing a Novel YAGG:Ce Color Converter in Li–Al–Si Glass Ceramic
Authors: Zheng Jiaying , Liu Jiawei , Liang Yanrong , Sun Xiangjia , Liu Jiao , Zhu Tongtong , Lv Chunyan , Liang Xiaojuan , Xiang Weidong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn laser illumination, there is considerable interest in phosphor‐converted laser diodes that boast high efficiency and exceptional thermal stability. Phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) and phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiF) are highly favored for their efficiency, cost‐effectiveness, and ease of fabrication. To tackle the issue of low thermal conductivity of glass, a novel lithium–aluminum–silicate glass is innovatively developed. This glass induces the precipitation of spodumene crystalline phase, enhancing material stability. Utilizing solid‐state sintering techniques, Y3Al3.5Ga1.5O12:Ce3+ (YAGG:Ce) PiG is fabricated, which exhibited a luminous flux (LF) of 866.76 lm under 450 nm blue light with 3.88 W input power. Benefiting from the high thermal conductivity of sapphire substrate and the high‐intensity glass system, YAGG:Ce PiF demonstrated a saturation threshold of 10.20 W, yielding an impressive LF of 2178.1 lm, which is 2.5 times that of PiG samples. Notably, the thermal conductivity increased significantly from 2.2 W m−1K−1 (PiG) to 7.0 W m−1K−1 (PiF), surpassing traditional organic resin materials. To validate the practicality of the two‐color converters, it integrates them into both starlight lamp and laser flashlight modules for encapsulation, thereby generating attractive green light in various environments. This design holds the potential to become the ideal choice for the next generation of high‐power, high‐brightness laser illumination.
System‐failing creativity in health care
Authors: Horck Stijn , Gifford Rachel E. , Fleuren Bram P. I. , Rathert Cheryl , Porter Tracy H. , Rauf Afshan , Lee Yuna S. H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionHealth care professionals often generate novel solutions to solve problems during day‐to‐day patient care. However, less is known about generating novel and useful (i.e., creative) ideas in the face of health care system failure. System failures are high‐impact and increasingly frequent events in health care organizations, and front‐line professionals may have uniquely valuable expertise to address such occurrences.MethodsOur interdisciplinary team, blending expertise in health care management, economics, psychology, and clinical practice, reviewed the literature on creativity and system failures in health care to generate a conceptual model that describes this process. Drawing on appraisal theory, we iteratively refined the model by integrating various theories with key concepts of system failures, creativity, and health care worker's well‐being.ResultsThe SFC model provides a conceptualization of creativity from front‐line care professionals as it emerges in situations of failure or crisis. It describes the pathways by which professionals respond proactively to a systems failure with creative ideas to effectively address the situation and affect these workers' well‐being.ConclusionsOur conceptual model guides health care managers and leaders to use managerial practices to shape their systems and support creativity, especially when facing system failures. It introduces a framework for examining system‐failing creativity (SFC) and general creativity, aiming to improve health care quality, health care workers' well‐being, and organizational outcomes.
Poly(butylene terephthalate) Copolyesters with Dilinoleic Derivatives: Solution Properties and Influence of Short‐Chain Branching
Authors: Mielke C. , Geisler M. , Komber H. , Kuhnigk J. , Voit B. , Lederer A. , Pospiech D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe solution behavior of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) copolyesters with dilinoleic monomer units (dilinoleic diol (LD) / dilinoleic diacid (LA)) is studied to understand the processing behavior from melt. NMR investigations show that the short‐chain branches are characterized by a distribution of different alkyl chain lengths, where n‐butyl (C4) and longer chains have the largest content (>55 mol%). High‐temperature size exclusion chromatography with threefold detection (multi‐angle light‐scattering, refractive index, and viscosity detector) in 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene is performed to determine molar masses, hydrodynamic radii, viscosity radii, and Kuhn–Mark–Houwink–Sakurada (KMHS) exponents α in dependence of the molar amount of short‐chain branched comonomers. Low concentrations of dilinoleic comonomers in PBT copolyesters improve the solubility of the copolyesters significantly. Higher amounts cause contraction of the polymer coils as illustrated by smaller hydrodynamic radii as well as lower KMHS exponents. The α values decrease with increasing amount of short‐chain branched comonomer except for very low concentrations. The solution behavior of LA and LD copolyesters with a higher aliphatic content shows different trends of the influence of short‐chain branches on the melt behavior, which reflects the influence of intramolecular versus intermolecular entanglements in solution and in melt.