bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing expression of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide in synovial tissue and fluid contribute to the progress of arthritis in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Xiang , He Ji-Ye , Zheng Xin-Feng , Li De , Li Zheng , Zhu Jun-Feng , Shen Chao , Cai Gui-Quan , Chen Xiao-Dong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common musculoskeletal disorder that has pain and loss of joint function as major pathological features. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms of possible involvement and regulation of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the pathological and inflammatory processes of arthritis in DDH.

Methods
Blood, synovial tissue and fluid samples were collected from patients diagnosed with different severities of DDH and from patients with femoral neck fracture. Levels of SP, CGRP and inflammatory cytokines in synovium and synovial fluid (SF) in the different groups were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Correlations between neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines in SF were evaluated by partial correlation analysis. The proinflammatory effects of SP and CGRP on synoviocytes obtained from patients with moderate DDH were investigated in vitro by real-time PCR and ELISA. The mechanisms of those effects were evaluated by Western blot analysis and nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) DNA binding assay.

Results
Significantly increased levels of neuropeptides and inflammatory cytokines were observed in synovium and SF from patients in the severe DDH group compared with the moderate DDH and control groups. In moderate DDH samples, SP in SF correlated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and CGRP in SF correlated with TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10. In the severe DDH group, SP in SF correlated with interleukin (IL)-1β, TNF-α and IL-10. CGRP in SF correlated with TNF-α. Additionally, SP might have had obvious proinflammatory effects on synoviocytes through the activation of NF-κB.

Conclusions
The upregulation of SP and CGRP in synovium and SF might participate in the inflammatory process of arthritis in DDH. The activation of the NF-κB pathway seems indispensable in the proinflammatory effect of SP on synoviocytes. This original discovery may indicate a potential clinical drug target and the development of innovative therapies for DDH.
DNA barcoding supports identification of Malacobdella species (Nemertea: Hoplonemertea)
Authors: Alfaya Jose E F , Bigatti Gregorio , Kajihara Hiroshi , Strand Malin , Sundberg Per , Machordom Annie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundNemerteans of the genusMalacobdellalive inside of the mantle cavity of marine bivalves. The genus currently contains only six species, five of which are host-specific and usually found in a single host species, while the sixth species,M. grossa, has a wide host range and has been found in 27 different bivalve species to date. The main challenge ofMalacobdellaspecies identification resides in the similarity of the external morphology between species (terminal sucker, gut undulations number, anus position and gonad colouration), and thus, the illustrations provided in the original descriptions do not allow reliable identification. In this article, we analyse the relationships among three species ofMalacobdella:M. arrokeana,M. japonicaandM. grossa, adding new data for theM. grossaand reporting the first forM. japonica, analysing 658 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase subunit I gene (COI). Based on these analyses, we present and discuss the potential of DNA barcoding forMalacobdellaspecies identification.ResultsSixty-four DNA barcoding fragments of the mitochondrialCOIgene from three differentMalacobdellaspecies (M. arrokeana,M. japonica and M. grossa) are analysed (24 of them newly sequenced for this study, along with four outgroup specimens) and used to delineate species. Divergences, measured as uncorrected differences, between the three species wereM. arrokeana-M. grossa11.73%,M. arrokeana-M. japonica10.62% andM. grossa-M. japonica10.97%. The mean intraspecific divergence within the ingroup species showed a patent gap with respect to the interspecific ones: 0.18% forM. arrokeana, 0.13% forM. grossaand 0.02% forM. japonica(ranges from 0 to 0.91%).ConclusionsWe conclude that there is a clear correspondence between the molecular data and distinguishing morphological characters. Our results thus indicate that some morphological characters are useful for species identification and support the potential of DNA barcoding for species identification in a taxonomic group with subtle morphological external differences.
Oxidation and Deprotonation of a Ruthenium(II) Complex with Quinoline-2-carbaldehyde (Pyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazone and Formation of Hydrazonato-Bridged Heterodimetallic Complexes
Authors: Mori Asami , Suzuki Takayoshi , Sunatsuki Yukinari , Kojima Masaaki , Nakajima Kiyohiko 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Reactions of a ruthenium(II) complex containing quinoline-2-carbaldehyde (pyridine-2-carbonyl)hydrazone (HL), trans(P,P)-[RuCl2(PPh3)2(HL)] (1), and 3d-metal(II) chlorides resulted in heterodimetallic complexes, [RuCl2(PPh3)2(µ-L)MCl2] (2M, M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn), in which the deprotonated hydrazonate (L−) bridged two metal ions in the µ-1(Ru)κ2N,O:2(M)κ3N′,N′′,N′′′ mode. The coordination bond lengths around the Ru and M centers suggested that the oxidation states in the complexes 2M could be assigned as RuIII and MII; this was also supported by magnetic, electrochemical, and spectroscopic measurements. In addition, oxidation of complex 1 by (NH4)2[Ce(NO3)6] gave the corresponding mononuclear RuIII complex with the deprotonated hydrazonate, trans(P,P)-[RuCl2(PPh3)2(L)] (3). It is suggested that oxidation of the Ru center lead to the concerted deprotonation from the hydrazone ligand. Addition of excess HClO4 to complex 3 gave a doubly protonated RuIII complex, 4(ClO4)2; in this complex the hydrazonate moiety was not protonated, but both the quinolyl and pyridyl N atoms were protonated. Complexes 3 and 42+ could be interconverted by the addition of acid or base without changing the oxidation state of the Ru center.
Palladium-catalyzed Insertion Reactions of Isocyanides into Thiocarbamates and Selenocarbamates
Authors: Shiro Daisuke , Fujiwara Shin-ichi , Tsuda Susumu , Iwasaki Takanori , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The insertion reaction of isocyanides with thiocarbamates and selenocarbamates in the presence of a Pd(0) catalyst to selectively give 2-oxoethanimidothioates and -selenoates is reported. This is the first example of the insertion of an isocyanide into a carbon–heteroatom bond using a transition-metal catalyst. DFT calculations suggest that the reaction proceeds through a thiopalladation pathway at the migratory insertion process.
Antibody Internalization into Living Cells via Crosslinker-mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Funamoto Daiki , Asai Daisuke , Sato Kazuki , Yamaguchi Yoko , Kim Chan Woo , Sato Hikari , Nakhaei Elnaz , Matsumoto Shingo , Yoshikawa Takuma , Sasaki Koichi , Yamamoto Tatsuhiro , Kishimura Akihiro , Mori Takeshi , Katayama Yoshiki 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We reported here an alternative strategy of antibody internalization by crosslinker-mediated endocytosis. This crosslinker consists of IgG binding peptide and folic acid as cancer targeting ligands toward the folate receptor, which highly expresses in many cancer cells surface. This crosslinker successfully facilitated antibody internalization into cancer cell by the folate receptor-mediated endocytosis.
‘Here to Stay’ – Tracing through health the development of New Zealand as a Pacific Nation
Authors: Park Julie , Littleton Judith 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We use health research and demography as a window onto the process by which New Zealand became a South Pacific nation. The making of the nation is the other side of the coin to the making of citizens. Counting and categorization is an important part of that process and tracing that history of counting through health research from 1937 to 1990 is what we do here. Becoming a nation with Pacific peoples as part of its citizenry is integral to the political identity journey of New Zealand from being a Better Britain of the South (Belich 1996: 302) to being part of the Pacific.
We focus at the level of the state and state-funded health research. Our data are the official reports of the Medical Research Council of New Zealand and research published mainly in the New Zealand Medical Journal along with census materials. This work is part of a broader ethnographic project on Transnational Pacific Health, which focused on the Cook Islands, Tuvalu and New Zealand. In this larger project we have researched Pacific people’s active engagement with the health sector, particularly in relation to culturally accessible services (e.g., Dunsford et al. 2011), but that story is not represented here.
Rotumans in Australia and New Zealand: The problem of community formation
Authors: Rensel Jan , Howard Alan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
As members of the Fiji polity, people from the isolated island of Rotuma have been able to move freely about the archipelago, leading to stepwise-migration internationally, with Australia and New Zealand as primary destinations. Rotuman men engaged in the pearl-diving industry in the Torres Strait in the late nineteenth century, who married local women, were among the first documented migrants to Australia. Following World War II, a steady stream of Rotumans, many of them married to white spouses, emigrated and formed communities in urban settings like Sydney, Brisbane, Auckland and elsewhere, where they have been remarkably successful. Their very success in the work force, along with high rates of intermarriage and dispersed households, makes getting together a challenging prospect, requiring strong motivation, effective leadership, and a commitment to preserving their Rotuman cultural heritage.
Analysis and Assessment of Fatigue Response of Multilayer Asphalt Surfacing System on Orthotropic Steel Deck Bridge With the Five-Point Bending Beam Tests
Authors: Liu X. , Tzimiris G. , Scarpas A. , Li J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The French five-point bending (5PB) beam test provides a laboratory scale test that allows studying the fatigue resistance of surfacing systems on orthotropic steel deck bridges (OSDB). The surfacing structure for OSDB in the Netherlands consists mostly of a multilayer system: top porous asphalt layer, Guss asphalt layer, steel deck, and two membrane layers between the asphalt surfacing layers. In this paper, the 5PB beam test was employed to evaluate the performance of the whole multilayer structure on a steel deck and also to evaluate the mechanical properties of both the top and bottom membrane and the influence they have on the structure. Four membrane products were used as the top and bottom membrane layers in the 5PB beams. Furthermore, in the last part of this paper, the dissipated energy was used to explain the incremental damage during the testing.
Treatment of subclinical hyperthyroidism: effect on left ventricular mass and function of the heart using magnetic resonance imaging technique
Authors: Mark Peter D , Andreassen Mikkel , Petersen Claus L , Kjaer Andreas , Faber Jens 
Published: January 2015

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate structure and function of the heart in subclinical hyperthyroidism (SH) before and after obtaining euthyroidism by radioactive iodine treatment, using high precision and observer-independent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology.MethodsCardiac MRI was performed before and after euthyroidism was obtained by radioactive iodine treatment in 12 otherwise healthy patients (11 women and one man, mean age 59 years, range 44–71 years) with a nodular goiter and SH, and compared with eight healthy controls investigated at baseline. Cardiac data were expressed as an index, as per body surface area, except for heart rate (HR) and ejection fraction.ResultsPost-treatment cardiac MRI was performed in median 139 days after a normalized serum TSH value had been recorded. During treatment, serum TSH increased from (median (range)) 0.01 (0.01–0.09) to 0.88 (0.27–3.99) mU/l. Patients with untreated SH had increased resting HR (P<0.01) as well as cardiac index (cardiac output as per body surface area) (P<0.01) compared with controls. Obtaining euthyroidism resulted in a significant decrease in left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of 2.7 g/m2 (P=0.034), in HR of 8 bpm (P=0.001), and in cardiac index of 0.24 l/min per m2 (P=0.017).ConclusionsNormalization of thyroid function by radioactive iodine treatment of SH resulted in significant reductions in clinically important heart parameters such as LVMI, HR, and cardiac index. SH should be regarded as a condition in which aggressive treatment should be considered to protect cardiac function.
Comparison of T7E1 and Surveyor Mismatch Cleavage Assays to Detect Mutations Triggered by Engineered Nucleases
Authors: Vouillot Léna , Thélie Aurore , Pollet Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGenome editing using engineered nucleases is used for targeted mutagenesis. But because genome editing does not target all loci with similar efficiencies, the mutation hit-rate at a given locus needs to be evaluated. The analysis of mutants obtained using engineered nucleases requires specific methods for mutation detection, and the enzyme mismatch cleavage method is used commonly for this purpose. This method uses enzymes that cleave heteroduplex DNA at mismatches and extrahelical loops formed by single or multiple nucleotides. Bacteriophage resolvases and single-stranded nucleases are used commonly in the assay but have not been compared side-by-side on mutations obtained by engineered nucleases. We present the first comparison of the sensitivity of T7E1 and Surveyor EMC assays on deletions and point mutations obtained by zinc finger nuclease targeting in frog embryos. We report the mutation detection limits and efficiencies of T7E1 and Surveyor. In addition, we find that T7E1 outperforms the Surveyor nuclease in terms of sensitivity with deletion substrates, whereas Surveyor is better for detecting single nucleotide changes. We conclude that T7E1 is the preferred enzyme to scan mutations triggered by engineered nucleases.
First record of Chlorostrymon kuscheli (Ureta, 1949) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) in Peru
Authors: Gutierrez José Cerdeña , Larico Jackie Farfan , Coila Marco Delgado 
Published: January 2015

We provide the first record of Chlorostrymon kuscheli (Ureta, 1949) for Peru. One male specimen collected in October, 2008 in the Valle Chilina, Arequipa, Peru.
A fossil species of the primitive mymarid genus <i>Borneomymar</i> (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in Eocene Baltic amber
Authors: Engel Michael S. , McKellar Ryan C. , Huber John T. 
Published: January 2015

A new fossil species of fairyfly (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is described and figured from a well-preserved female in middle Eocene (Lutetian) Baltic amber as Borneomymar pankowskiorum Engel, McKellar, & Huber, new species. This species represents the fourth genus from Baltic amber whose extant species now occur only in southeastern Asia, Australia and Madagascar.
A revision of Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973), and new material from the Middle Jurassic of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Tong Haiyan , Dong Zhiming , Wang Tao 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Xinjiangchelys oshanensis (Ye, 1973) was originally described as Plesiochelys oshanensisYe, 1973 from the Jurassic Upper Lufeng series of Eshan, Yunnan Province, China. The species was based on a single specimen (IVPP V4444), a damaged shell with articulated carapace and plastron. This species was later referred to as Xinjiangchelys? oshanensis and X. oshanensis respectively, but has never been revised and often overlooked in the studies of Asian Mesozoic turtles. In this paper, we provide the systematic revision of X. oshanensis (Ye, 1973) after new restoration of the specimen. Five additional shells from the Middle Jurassic Chuanjie Formation of Lufeng, Yunnan Province, China are referred to this species. Our study confirms the validity of the species and its assignment to the genus Xinjiangchelys. The study of the new material completes the shell morphology of X. oshanensis and provides additional information about its age.
SPE Annual Conference Highlights Global Challenge of Energy Sustainability
Authors: Henni Abdelghani , Rassenfoss Stephen , Parshall Joel , Jacobs Trent , Donnelly John , Wilson Adam 
Published: January 2015

Conference Review - 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition
More than 7,500 oil and gas professionals and 350 exhibitors gathered for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (ATCE) on 27–29 October in Amsterdam, the second time the conference has been held outside the United States.
“This year’s ATCE offered nearly 400 peer-selected technical papers representing all six SPE disciplines,” said Jeff Spath, 2014 SPE President. “Gathering here in Amsterdam provided a global perspective reflecting SPE’s success with its growing membership, increased technical content, and strong financial performance.”
Opening Session
At ATCE’s opening general session, panelists from ExxonMobil, the International Energy Agency (IEA), Pemex Exploration and Production, and Technip discussed the multidimensional challenge of providing and sustaining affordable energy for the world.
Asked about the single biggest challenge faced by the industry in the provision of affordable energy, panelist Neil Duffin, president of Exxon- Mobil Development Company, said the increasing capital intensity of projects is challenging the ability to bring in projects on time and on budget while using capital efficiently.
Chris Beeson, a senior energy analyst at IEA, discussed that challenge at different levels: for individuals, countries, the world economy, and the planet. “We should always remember that there are currently more than 1.3 billion people in the world without access to modern energy sources,” he said. It will take a continued international commitment to address this, he said.
Some countries are paying more than others for energy, which affects their competitiveness and need to become more efficient. For the world economy, the key question is “what level of potential costs or prices can (it) support without going into … a bigger downturn than currently?” Beeson said. “And finally, we should not forget the issue of climate change, which is a big question of whether the planet can afford (its) energy.”
Gustavo Hernandez, general director and chief executive officer (CEO) of Pemex Exploration and Production, said that the biggest challenge for providing affordable energy is “meeting demand growth in a sustainable way.” The Mexican government’s framework for stable, secure, and environmentally sustainable energy is “what people have called the triple dilemma,” he noted.
EBPR Using Crude Glycerol: Assessing Process Resiliency and Exploring Metabolic Anomalies
Authors: Coats Erik R. , Dobroth Zachary T. , Brinkman Cynthia K. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT: Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) is predicated on exposing bacteria to cyclical anaerobic/aerobic environments while providing volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Combined, this environment enriches for phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) and induces metabolisms to ensure excess phosphorus removal. Crude glycerol (CG), a byproduct of biodiesel manufacturing, is an alternate waste stream that could be substituted to achieve excess phosphorus removal; research into the use of CG yielded unexpected findings. While CG was an excellent substrate to accomplish and/or help achieve excess phosphorus removal, CG‐fed bacteria did not consistently exhibit theoretical EBPR metabolisms. Specifically, anaerobic phosphorus release was not required for successful EBPR; however, carbon cycling patterns were consistent with theory. Analysis of results suggests that PAOs will first leverage carbon to generate energy anaerobically; only as needed will the bacteria utilize polyphosphate reserves anaerobically. Results also demonstrated that excess phosphorus removal can be achieved with a small fraction of PAOs.
Cytotoxic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on Human Gingival Fibroblasts In Vitro
Authors: Furukawa M , K-Kaneyama Jr , Yamada M , Senda A , Manabe A , Miyazaki A 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYIn-office bleaching is a popular treatment in modern esthetic dentistry. However, bleaching agents sometimes accidentally adhere to the gingiva and peripheral tissues, even when applied by well-trained dentists. This can lead to transient pain and whitish changes in the gingiva. Although these symptoms disappear within several hours, the effects of bleaching agents on gingiva have not been well described in the literature. The present study aimed to elucidate the cytotoxic effects of a bleaching agent on cultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).We performed a comprehensive analysis of the toxic effects of in-office bleaching agents on gingiva using cultured HGFs and DNA microarray. Survival rates of HGFs decreased with increases in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, which became significant at concentrations of 1.5 × 10−3% or higher at every time point. Concentrations lower than 1.5 × 10−3% did not affect survival rates of HGFs. Cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide was significantly weakened by the addition of vitamin E. Stimulation by in-office bleaching agents triggered the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)–α cascade in gingival fibroblasts. As the TNF-α cascade can be inhibited by vitamin E additives, treatment with vitamin E may protect gingival fibroblasts against the toxic effects of an in-office bleaching agent.The present results suggest that local administration of vitamin E to gingiva before in-office bleaching may be useful for preventing gingival irritation due to accidental adhesion of a bleaching agent.
Reestablishing Biology, Function, and Esthetics for Fractured, Immature Incisors
Authors: Pini NIP , Nagata JY , Sundfeld-Neto D , Correr-Sobrinho L , Soares AdJ , Aguiar FHB , Lima DANL 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY
A seven-year-old boy with enamel-dentin fractures on both maxillary central incisors presented to the Piracicaba Dental School–UNICAMP seven days after the trauma. At the clinical evaluation, there were no clinical signs of pulp exposure, neither tooth was mobile, and both affected teeth presented a positive response to sensitivity tests and a negative response for percussion and palpation. The radiographic examination showed an undeveloped root and opened apex for both teeth. Indirect pulp capping was performed on the left maxillary central incisor, followed by a direct restoration. After one month, the patient complained of pain in the left central incisor, which responded negatively to sensitivity testing. Pulp revascularization was performed only on this tooth and was followed for 18 months. During this period, the left maxillary central incisor did not recover sensitivity, although radiographic examination showed apical closure, a slight increase in root length, and the formation of a mineralized barrier between the root canal and sealing material. The technique achieved its goal of restoring biological aspects, function, and esthetics of traumatized teeth when using this multidisciplinary approach.