bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic fragility assessment of a tall reinforced concrete chimney
Authors: Zhou Changdong , Zeng Xulang , Pan Qinglong , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIn China, a considerable proportion of reinforced concrete (RC) industrial chimneys in operation was designed and constructed in accordance with less rigorous outdated seismic criteria during the end of 19th and early 20th century. However, few research works have been reported till date on a realistic overall assessment of the seismic performance of these existing aging RC chimney structures. Therefore, in this study, fragilities of existing RC chimney were studied. For this purpose, an existing 240 m tall RC chimney was selected and structurally modeled with a lumped mass beam (stick) model by means of the OpenSees analysis program. In order to capture the uncertainties in ground motion realizations, a series of 21 ground motions are selected from the Next Generation Attenuation database as the input motions. To develop the analytical fragility curves, nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis of the studied RC chimney was then carried out using the selected input motions, which were normalized to different excitation levels. The section curvature ductility ratio was considered as the damage index. Based on material strain and sectional analysis, four limit states (LSs) were defined for five damage state. The seismic responses of the all sections were utilized to evaluate the likelihood of exceeding the LSs. Then the peak ground acceleration (PGA)‐based seismic fragility curves of the structure were constructed assuming a lognormal distribution. Finally, under the light of these fragility curves, the damage risks in existing RC chimney were discussed. The analytical results indicated that for design level earthquake of PGA = 0.1 g (g is the gravitational acceleration) and the maximum considered earthquake of PGA = 0.22 g, the probabilities of exceeding the light damage state were around 1.5% and 44%, respectively, while the exceedance probabilities corresponding to moderate, extensive and complete damage states were approximately zero in both cases. On the other hand, fragility analysis revealed that the RC chimney structure had considerable ductility capacity and was capable to withstand a strong earthquake with some structural damages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Code pruning in opportunistic routing through bidirectional coding traffic comparison
Authors: Wang Weiping , Chen Xiaozhuan , Lu Mingming , Wang Jianxin , Zhang Xi , Wu Jie 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOpportunistic routing (OR) significantly improves transmission reliability and network throughput in wireless mesh networks by utilizing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. Through the integration of network coding (NC), the complicated coordination to select the best forwarding node (FN) in OR can be bypassed. However, the introduction of NC exacerbates the redundant‐packet‐transmission problem. To mitigate this issue, existing coded OR protocols either adopt the loss‐rate‐based approach, employ orthogonal vectors as coded feedback, or pursue the stream‐based coded OR model. However, these three solutions suffer inaccuracy and obsolescence of the loss‐rate measurement, false‐positive/false‐negative problem, and unavailability of hop‐by‐hop stream‐based OR, respectively. To address the previous problems, we propose a simple but practical coded feedback scheme, cumulative coding coefficient acknowledgement (C3ACK), based on the relevance between forward (coded packets received from upstream nodes) and backward coding traffic (coded packets overheard from downstream nodes), and apply C3ACK to both batch‐based and stream‐based coded OR models in order to prune redundant forward and backward coding traffic. Both testbed evaluation and simulation study show that our code‐pruning schemes can outperform existing approaches in terms of expected throughput and transmission count. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Significance of Anatomical Variant of the Left Hepatic Artery for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma Applied to Right‐Sided Hepatectomy
Authors: Shimizu Hiroaki , Hosokawa Isamu , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Atsushi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Miyazaki Masaru 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundFull understanding of the hilar anatomy is crucial for successful surgical resection of perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC).MethodsThe three‐dimensional positional relationship between the left hepatic artery (LHA) and the umbilical portion of the left portal vein (UP) was evaluated using multidetector‐row computed tomography (CT) in 58 consecutive patients who underwent right‐sided hepatectomy for Bismuth–Corlette IIIa or IV tumors. The positional relationship of the LHA related to UP was classified into the following three types: L‐UP type, LHA runs into the left lateral section (LLS) from the left caudal side of the UP; R‐UP type, LHA runs into the LLS from the right cranial side of the UP; and combined type, one branch of the LHA runs into the LLS from the right cranial side of the UP, and the other from the left caudal side of the UP.ResultsL‐UP‐type LHA was observed in 53 cases (91.4 %), R‐UP type in three cases (5.2 %), and combined type in two cases (3.4 %). No cancer involvement of the LHA was seen in any cases with L‐UP type. In one case with R‐UP type (one of three; 33.3 %) and one case with combined type (one of two, 50 %), cancer invasion to the LHA was observed at the right side of the UP, requiring combined resection of the involved LHA.ConclusionsR‐UP‐type LHA running just along the left hepatic duct may be easily involved by right‐side predominant PHC when extending to the left hepatic duct. Hepatobiliary surgeons should recognize this anatomical variant and carefully evaluate the running courses of LHA to successfully perform R0 resection in right‐sided hepatectomy for PHC.
Use of a Patient‐Entered Family Health History Tool with Decision Support in Primary Care: Impact of Identification of Increased Risk Patients on Genetic Counseling Attendance
Authors: Buchanan Adam H. , Christianson Carol A. , Himmel Tiffany , Powell Karen P. , Agbaje Astrid , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Henrich Vincent C. , Orlando Lori A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSeveral barriers inhibit collection and use of detailed family health history (FHH) in primary care. MeTree, a computer‐based FHH intake and risk assessment tool with clinical decision support, was developed to overcome these barriers. Here, we describe the impact of MeTree on genetic counseling (GC) referrals and attendance. Non‐adopted, English speaking adults scheduled for a well‐visit in two community‐based primary‐care clinics were invited to participate in an Implementation‐Effectiveness study of MeTree. Participants’ demographic characteristics and beliefs were assessed at baseline. Immediately after an appointment with a patient for whom GC was recommended, clinicians indicated whether they referred the patient and, if not, why. The study genetic counselor kept a database of patients with a GC recommendation and contacted those with a referral. Of 542 patients completing MeTree, 156 (29 %) received a GC recommendation. Of these, 46 % (n = 72) were referred and 21 % (n = 33) underwent counseling. Patient preferences, additional clinical information unavailable to MeTree, and an incomplete clinician evaluation of the FHH accounted for the 85 patients clinicians chose not to refer. Although MeTree identified a significant proportion of patients for whom GC was recommended, persistent barriers indicate the need for improved referral processes and patient and physician education about the benefits of GC.
Effects of Hachimijiogan, a Kampo powder, on epididymidis sperm characteristics in healthy male rats
Authors: Wang Yuying , Murayama Chiaki , Michihara Seiwa , Saito Toru R. , Norimoto Hisayoshi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeHachimijiogan (HJG, Rehmannia Eight Formula), a kidney‐replenishing Kampo formula, is clinically known to be effective in the treatment of male infertility with oligozoospermia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HJG on the epididymal sperm characteristics and related serum hormone changes in rats in an attempt to determine its mechanism.MethodsMale Wistar–Imamichi rats (233.4 ± 5.2 g, nine weeks old) were assigned randomly to four groups (n = 6 for each group). Apart from one control group treated with distilled water, the other groups were administered HJG consecutively for 9–11 days with doses of 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg. After the last administration the caude epididymides were quickly removed under anesthesia for assessing sperm characteristics. Additionally, the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate and adrenal glands were removed surgically and their wet weights measured.ResultsResults showed that HJG increased sperm numbers and motility as well as the weights of seminal vesicles and adrenal glands at lower doses. Moreover, HJG decreased serum levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone while increasing follicle‐stimulating hormone levels.ConclusionsOur findings may support the conclusion that a lower dosage of HJG has an effect on improving local spermatogenous environments by activating adrenal functions and/or promoting local androgen activity.
Leadership Style Preference of Undergraduate Occupational Therapy Students in Australia
Authors: Brown Ted , Williams Brett , Jolliffe Laura 
Published: August 2014

Background Occupational therapy graduates are expected to assume leadership roles in a variety of contexts and capacities. Objective To investigate the leadership styles of undergraduate occupational therapy students. Methods First, second, third, and fourth year undergraduate occupational therapy students from one Australian university were asked to complete the What's My Leadership Style (WMLS) questionnaire. Results The total sample response rate was 86.3% (n = 182/211). Overall there was a statistically significant difference in students’ preference for the leadership styles (p < .001). The two most preferred leadership styles were the Considerate and Spirited styles while the two least preferred were the Direct and Systematic leadership styles. There were no statistically significant differences in preference for any of the four leadership styles based on students’ sex, age, or year level of study. Conclusion The Considerate leadership style is characterised by creating comfortable working environments, following established procedures, and creating an easy work pace, while the Spirited leadership style is about inspiring people, generating excitement, turning work into play, and rallying people. It is recommended that leadership be integrated into occupational therapy curricula so as to adequately equip students for future professional practice.
Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine in treatment of chronic pain using competing EQ-5D weights
Authors: Norrlid Hanna , Dahm Peter , Tennvall Gunnel Ragnarson 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic pain is a life altering condition and common among elderly persons. The 7-day buprenorphine patch could be a suitable treatment for managing chronic pain of moderate severity in elderly patients in Sweden.
The objective of this analysis was to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the 7-day buprenorphine patch, versus no treatment, in patients >50 years old who suffer from moderate pain in a health economic perspective. An additional aim was to evaluate how the cost-effectiveness is affected by the choice of EQ-5D weights.

Methods
The annual treatment cost and the potential gains in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of buprenorphine, compared to no treatment, were evaluated. Original EQ-5D data were collected from four clinical reference studies at baseline and at the final visit. Treatment effects on HRQoL were then assessed using both UK and Swedish EQ-5D weights. Annual treatment costs were calculated based on costs of physician visits and pharmaceuticals.
The optimal treatment dose was 10-15 μg/h and the analysis was hence performed on both a 10- and a 15 μg/h buprenorphine patch.

Results
The analysis of buprenorphine treatment resulted in improved HRQoL in all reference studies, irrespective of choice of EQ-5D weight set. The change in quality adjusted life years (QALYs) varied with a gain of 0.042-0.118 using the UK weights and 0.020-0.051 with the Swedish weights. The average annual treatment cost was SEK14454 for the 10μg/h patch and SEK17 017 for the 15 μg/h patch, while cost for the no-treatment alternative was SEK 9 960. The base case incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) with the UK weights were SEK 40000-SEK 170000 and SEK 90000-SEK 350000 when applying the Swedish weights. The corresponding ICER-span in the sensitivity analysis was SEK 15 000-SEK 400 000 when applying the UK weights and SEK 30 000-SEK 840 000 with the Swedish weights (SEK 100 is about €11).

Conclusions
The results imply that the 7-day buprenorphine patch may be a cost-effective treatment of moderate chronic pain in patients over 50 years of age. The UK and the Swedish EQ-5D weights generated vastly different HRQoL estimates but buprenorphine remains cost-effective regardless choice of weight set.
Supplement use by UK-based British Army soldiers in training
Authors: Casey Anna , Hughes Jason , Izard Rachel M. , Greeves Julie P. 
Published: August 2014

The use of supplements is widespread at all levels of civilian sport and a prevalence of 60–90 % is reported among high-performance UK athletes, including juniors. The prevalence of supplement use among UK-based British Army personnel is not known. The aim of the present study was to establish the point prevalence of supplement use in UK-based British Army soldiers under training (SuTs) and associated staff. A cross-sectional anonymous survey was carried out in 3168 British Army SuTs and soldiers, equating to 3·1 % of regular Army strength, based at eleven Phase 1, 2 and 3 UK Army training sites. Overall, 38 % of the respondents reported current use of supplements, but prevalence varied according to the course attended by the respondents. The number of different supplements used was 4·7 (sd 2·9). Supplements most commonly used were protein bars, powders and drinks (66 %), isotonic carbohydrate–electrolyte sports drinks (49 %), creatine (38 %), recovery sports drinks (35 %), multivitamins (31 %) and vitamin C (25 %). A small proportion of respondents reported the use of amphetamines and similar compounds (1·6 %), cocaine (0·8 %), anabolic androgenic steroids (1·1 %), growth hormone (2·0 %), and other anabolic agents, e.g. testosterone (4·2 %). Logistic regression modelling indicated that, for current users, younger age, being female, smoking and undergoing Officer Cadet training were associated with greater supplement use. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of dietary and training supplement use in UK-based British military personnel. Self-administration of a wide range of supplements is reported by British military personnel in training, which is at least as great as that reported by those on deployment, and has implications for Defence policy and educational needs.
Getting Away with Murder: The Wrongful Deaths of Lascars Aboard theUnionin 1802
Authors: Frey James W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn 1802, several “country ships” arrived in London from Bengal, their lascar crews having suffered severe casualties due to fatigue, exposure, and starvation. Aboard theUnion, the officers’ treatment of the crew was so bad that the lascars and a sympathetic English sailor alerted the East India Company. Their testimony, recorded by the Company's Committee of Shipping, provides new insights into lascar living and working conditions – in particular the problem of undermanning ships – reminding us how the management–labour dynamic aboard a ship at sea always favoured owners and officers rather than workers.
Phytoplankton community composition in the south-eastern Black Sea determined with pigments measured by HPLC-CHEMTAX analyses and microscopy cell counts
Authors: Agirbas Ertugrul , Feyzioglu Ali Muzaffer , Kopuz Ulgen , Llewellyn Carole A. 
Published: August 2014

The phytoplankton community structure and abundance in the south-eastern Black Sea was measured from February to December 2009 using and comparing high performance liquid chromatography pigment and microscopy analyses. The phytoplankton community was characterized by diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccolithophores, as revealed by both techniques. Fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, peridinin and 19′-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin were the main accessory pigments showing significant correlation with diatom-Cr2 = 0.56–0.71,P < 0.05), diatom-C (r2 = 0.85–0.91,P < 0.001), dinoflagellate-C (r2 = 0.39–0.88,P < 0.05) and coccolithophore-C (r2 = 0.80–0.71,P < 0.05), respectively. Microscopy counts indicated a total of 89 species, 71% of which were dinoflagellates, 23% were diatoms and 6% other species (mainly coccolithophores). Pigment-CHEMTAX analysis also indicated the presence of pico- and nanoplankton. Phytoplankton carbon (phyto-C) concentrations were highest in the upper water column, whereas chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) showedadeep maximum. Average phyto-C was higher at the coastal station (291 ± 66 µg l−1) than at the offshore station (258 ± 35 µg l−1), not statistically different (P > 0.05). The coastal station also had higher Chl-aconcentrations (0.52–3.83 µg l−1) compared to the offshore station (0.63–2.55 µg l−1), not significant (P > 0.05). Our results are consistent with other studies and indicate that the southern Black Sea is shifting towards mesotrophy with the increasing prevalence of dinoflagellates compared to diatoms.
Arctic shipping insurance: towards a harmonisation of practices and costs?
Authors: Sarrabezoles Aurélie , Lasserre Frédéric , Hagouagn’rin Zebret 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTInsurance is an important component of shipping costs, albeit minor when compared to capital, crew or fuel. If the literature of Arctic shipping agrees that insurance premiums are likely to be higher for Arctic shipping, no study so far has tried to assess the cost of Arctic shipping insurance premiums, nor what specific demands insurance firms might formulate before agreeing to give coverage to a shipping company, thus presenting obstacles to entry in the Arctic shipping market. We first present insurance policies and costs as they are discussed in the literature on Arctic shipping. We also sketch out how their risk-assessment process was influenced by the IMO (International Maritime Organization) and classification societies. Then we outline the results of a survey conducted between 2012 and 2013 with insurance firms on their Arctic shipping policies.
The importance of Yalu Jiang coastal wetland in the north Yellow Sea to Bar-tailed GodwitsLimosa lapponicaand Great KnotsCalidris tenuirostrisduring northward migration
Authors: CHOI CHI-YEUNG , BATTLEY PHIL F. , POTTER MURRAY A. , ROGERS KEN G. , MA ZHIJUN 
Published: August 2014

SummaryBar-tailed GodwitsLimosa lapponicaand Great KnotsCalidris tenuirostrisare long-distance migratory shorebirds with declining numbers in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. One of the most important staging sites for these two species during northward migration is Yalu Jiang coastal wetland in the north Yellow Sea. Historical counts have been limited to once a year and conducted at different periods; these yield inadequate data for population monitoring. We estimated the numbers of Bar-tailed Godwits and Great Knots and described their migration phenology during northward migration from 2010 to 2012 at the Yalu Jiang coastal wetland, using a combination of periodic area-wide counts over the migration period and a modelling approach that estimates passage times and total numbers of birds transiting. The mean arrival date forL. l. bauerigodwits was 29 March and mean departure date was 8 May. Corresponding dates were 11 April and 15 May forL. l. menzbierigodwits and 7 April and 14 May for Great Knots. We estimated that an annual average of over 68,000 Bar-tailed Godwits and 44,000 Great Knots used the area on northward migration from 2010–2012. Our results indicate that the Yalu Jiang coastal wetland supports on average at least 42% of the flyway’s northward-migratingL. l. bauerigodwits, 19% ofL. l. menzbierigodwits, and 22% of the Great Knots. Comparisons with historical counts conducted during peak migration periods indicate a 13% decline in Bar-tailed Godwits since 2004 and an 18% decline in Great Knots since 1999. Our results confirm that the study area remains the most important northward migration staging site for Bar-tailed Godwits and indicate that it has become the most important northward migration staging site for Great Knots along the flyway.
Screening Older Latinos for Dementia in the Primary Care Setting
Authors: Grober Ellen , Ehrlich Amy R. , Troche Yaritza , Hahn Steven , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe purpose was to compare the Spanish language picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT+IR) and the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) in identifying very mild dementia among Spanish speaking Latino patients. The tests and an independent diagnostic assessment were administered to 112 Latino patients free of medically diagnosed dementia from an urban primary care clinic. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to examine differences in the operating characteristics of the pFCSRT+IR and the MMSE. Cut scores were manipulated to equate sensitivities (specificities) at clinically relevant values to compare differences in specificities (sensitivities) using the Pearson Chi Square test. Youden’s index was used to select the optimal cut scores. Twenty-four of the 112 primary care patients (21%) received a research dementia diagnosis, indicating a substantial burden of unrecognized dementia. MMSE scores but not free recall scores were associated with years of education in patients free of dementia. AUC was significantly higher for free recall than for MMSE. Free recall performed significantly better than the MMSE in sensitivity and in specificity. Using optimal cut scores, patients with impaired free recall were 10 times more likely to have dementia than patients with intact recall, and patients with impaired MMSE scores were 4.5 times more likely to have dementia than patients with intact scores. These results suggest that the Spanish language pFCSRT+IR may be an effective tool for dementia screening in educationally diverse Latino primary care populations. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–8)
Melloni in Three Acts: From Dialogue to Monologue
Authors: Pérez Aida Torres 
Published: August 2014

On 13 February 2014, the Spanish Constitutional Court came to a final decision regarding the fate of Mr Stefano Melloni. The story of the case is worthy of attention not only from the perspective of the interaction between the Spanish Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), but also from the standpoint of the conflicting levels of rights' protection in Europe. The story of Melloni can be described in three acts: setup, confrontation, and resolution.First, the setup: in 2011, the Spanish Constitutional Court made its first and (so far) only preliminary reference to the CJEU. The Constitutional Court was faced with a collision between the constitutional right to fair trial of persons convicted in absentia and the obligation under EU law to execute a European arrest warrant (heretofore EAW). This setup generated great anticipation, both because of the protagonists and the type of conflict, since in this case what obstructed one member state from complying with EU law was its higher level of constitutional protection for the right in question.