bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seven white dwarfs with circumstellar gas discs II: tracing the composition of exoplanetary building blocks
Authors: Rogers L K , Bonsor A , Xu S , Buchan A M , Dufour P , Klein B L , Hodgkin S , Kissler-Patig M , Melis C , Walton C , Weinberger A 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This second paper presents an in-depth analysis of the composition of the planetary material that has been accreted on to seven white dwarfs with circumstellar dust and gas emission discs with abundances reported in Rogers et al. The white dwarfs are accreting planetary bodies with a wide range of oxygen, carbon, and sulphur volatile contents, including one white dwarf that shows the most enhanced sulphur abundance seen to date. Three white dwarfs show tentative evidence (2–3$\sigma$) of accreting oxygen-rich material, potentially from water-rich bodies, whilst two others are accreting dry, rocky material. One white dwarf is accreting a mantle-rich fragment of a larger differentiated body, whilst two white dwarfs show an enhancement in their iron abundance and could be accreting core-rich fragments. Whilst most planetary material accreted by white dwarfs display chondritic or bulk Earth-like compositions, these observations demonstrate that core-mantle differentiation, disruptive collisions, and the accretion of core-mantle differentiated material are important. Less than 1 per cent of polluted white dwarfs host both observable circumstellar gas and dust. It is unknown whether these systems are experiencing an early phase in the disruption and accretion of planetary bodies, or alternatively if they are accreting larger planetary bodies. From this work there is no substantial evidence for significant differences in the accreted refractory abundance ratios for those white dwarfs with or without circumstellar gas, but there is tentative evidence for those with circumstellar gas discs to be accreting more water rich material which may suggest that volatiles accrete earlier in a gas-rich phase.
Elucidating galaxy population properties using a model-free analysis of quadruply imaged quasar lenses from large surveys
Authors: Miller John H , Williams Liliya L R 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
The population of strong lensing galaxies is a subset of intermediate-redshift massive galaxies, whose population-level properties are not yet well understood. In the near future, thousands of multiply imaged systems are expected to be discovered by wide-field surveys like Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time and Euclid. With the soon-to-be robust population of quadruply lensed quasars, or quads, in mind, we introduce a novel technique to elucidate the empirical distribution of the galaxy population properties. Our re-imagining of the prevailing strong lensing analysis does not fit mass models to individual lenses, but instead starts with parametric models of many galaxy populations, which include generally ignored mass distribution complexities and exclude external shear for now. We construct many mock galaxy populations with different properties and obtain populations of quads from each of them. The mock ‘observed’ population of quads is then compared to those from the mocks using a model-free analysis based on a three-dimensional subspace of directly observable quad image properties. The distance between two quad populations in the space of image properties is measured by a metric $\eta$, and the distance between their parent galaxy populations in the space of galaxy properties is measured by $\zeta$. We find a well-defined relation between $\eta$ and $\zeta$. The discovered relation between the space of image properties and the space of galaxy properties allows for the observed galaxy population properties to be estimated from the properties of their quads, which will be conducted in a future paper.
An integrated DEM code for tracing the entire regolith mass movement on asteroids
Authors: Song Zhijun , Yu Yang , Soldini Stefania , Cheng Bin , Michel Patrick 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a general strategy for tracking the scale-span movement process of asteroid regolith materials. It achieves the tracking of the mass movement on the asteroid at a realistic scale, under conditions of high-resolution asteroid surface topography (submeter level) and actual regolith particle sizes. To overcome the memory exponential expansion caused by the enlarged computational domain, we improved the conventional cell-linked list method so that it can be applied to arbitrarily large computational domains around asteroids. An efficient contact detection algorithm for particles and polyhedral shape models of asteroids is presented, which avoids traversing all surface triangles and thus allows us to model high-resolution surface topography. A parallel algorithm based on Compute Unified Device Architecture for the gravitational field of the asteroid is presented. Leveraging heterogeneous computing features, further architectural optimization overlaps computations of the long-range and short-range interactions, resulting in an approaching doubling of computational efficiency compared to the code lacking architectural optimizations. Using the above strategy, a specific high-fidelity discrete element method code that integrates key mechanical models, including the irregular gravitational field, the interparticle and particle-surface interactions, and the coupled dynamics between the particles and the asteroid, is developed to track the asteroid regolith mass movement. As tests, we simulated the landslide of a sand pile on the asteroid’s surface during spin-up. The simulation results demonstrate that the code can track the mass movement of the regolith particles on the surface of the asteroid from local landslides to mass leakage with good accuracy.
Hydrodynamical simulations favour a pure deflagration origin of the near-chandrasekhar mass supernova remnant 3C 397
Authors: Mehta Vrutant , Sullivan Jack , Fisher Robert , Ohshiro Yuken , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Bhargava Khanak , Neopane Sudarshan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Suzaku X-ray observations of the Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) 3C 397 discovered exceptionally high mass ratios of Mn/Fe, Ni/Fe, and Cr/Fe, consistent with a near MCh progenitor white dwarf (WD). The Suzaku observations have established 3C 397 as our best candidate for a near-MCh SNR Ia, and opened the way to address additional outstanding questions about the origin and explosion mechanism of these transients. In particular, subsequent XMM–Newton observations revealed an unusually clumpy distribution of iron group elemental (IGE) abundances within the ejecta of 3C 397. In this paper, we undertake a suite of two-dimensional hydrodynamical models, varying both the explosion mechanism – either deflagration-to-detonation (DDT), or pure deflagration – WD progenitors, and WD progenitor metallicity, and analyse their detailed nucleosynthetic abundances and associated clumping. We find that pure deflagrations naturally give rise to clumpy distributions of neutronized species concentrated towards the outer limb of the remnant and confirm DDTs have smoothly structured ejecta with a central concentration of neutronization. Our findings indicate that 3C 397 was most likely a pure deflagration of a high central density WD. We discuss a range of implications of these findings for the broader SN Ia progenitor problem.
Unveiling the microbial realm with VEBA 2.0: a modular bioinformatics suite for end-to-end genome-resolved prokaryotic, (micro)eukaryotic and viral multi-omics from either short- or long-read sequencing
Authors: Espinoza Josh L , Phillips Allan , Prentice Melanie B , Tan Gene S , Kamath Pauline L , Lloyd Karen G , Dupont Chris L 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe microbiome is a complex community of microorganisms, encompassing prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal), eukaryotic, and viral entities. This microbial ensemble plays a pivotal role in influencing the health and productivity of diverse ecosystems while shaping the web of life. However, many software suites developed to study microbiomes analyze only the prokaryotic community and provide limited to no support for viruses and microeukaryotes. Previously, we introduced the Viral Eukaryotic Bacterial Archaeal (VEBA) open-source software suite to address this critical gap in microbiome research by extending genome-resolved analysis beyond prokaryotes to encompass the understudied realms of eukaryotes and viruses. Here we present VEBA 2.0 with key updates including a comprehensive clustered microeukaryotic protein database, rapid genome/protein-level clustering, bioprospecting, non-coding/organelle gene modeling, genome-resolved taxonomic/pathway profiling, long-read support, and containerization. We demonstrate VEBA’s versatile application through the analysis of diverse case studies including marine water, Siberian permafrost, and white-tailed deer lung tissues with the latter showcasing how to identify integrated viruses. VEBA represents a crucial advancement in microbiome research, offering a powerful and accessible software suite that bridges the gap between genomics and biotechnological solutions.
E(2)-equivariant features in machine learning for morphological classification of radio galaxies
Authors: Lines Natalie E P , Font-Quer Roset Joan , Scaife Anna M M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
With the growth of data from new radio telescope facilities, machine-learning approaches to the morphological classification of radio galaxies are increasingly being utilized. However, while widely employed deep-learning models using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are equivariant to translations within images, neither CNNs nor most other machine-learning approaches are equivariant to additional isometries of the Euclidean plane, such as rotations and reflections. Recent work has attempted to address this by using G-steerable CNNs, designed to be equivariant to a specified subset of two-dimensional Euclidean, E(2), transformations. Although this approach improved model performance, the computational costs were a recognized drawback. Here, we consider the use of directly extracted E(2)-equivariant features for the classification of radio galaxies. Specifically, we investigate the use of Minkowski functionals (MFs), Haralick features, and elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFDs). We show that, while these features do not perform equivalently well to CNNs in terms of accuracy, they are able to inform the classification of radio galaxies, requiring $\sim$50 times less computational runtime. We demonstrate that MFs are the most informative, EFDs the least informative, and show that combinations of all three result in only incrementally improved performance, which we suggest is due to information overlap between feature sets.
Beyond physical sensations: investigating empathy and prosocial behavior in vicarious pain responders
Authors: Ben Adiva Yoad , Genzer Shir , Perry Anat 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Empathy, the capacity to share others’ emotional experiences, has been proposed as a key motivation for altruistic behavior in both humans and animals. Sharing another’s emotional experience may generate a self-embodied simulation of their emotional state, fostering understanding and promoting prosocial behavior. Vicarious pain responders report sensing physical pain when observing others in pain. Whether this ability extends to emotional experiences remains unexplored. Using both questionnaires and ecologically valid behavioral tasks, we explored whether vicarious pain responders differ from nonresponders in empathic abilities and prosocial behavior. Participants watched video clips of people describing a negative emotional life event. We operationalized several empathic abilities and responses (empathic accuracy, affective synchrony, emotional reaction, and empathic motivation) based on participants’ and targets’ responses during and after watching the videos. Participants were also engaged in a donation task measuring tendency for prosocial behavior. Findings reveal that compared to nonresponders, vicarious pain responders exhibit enhanced empathic accuracy, intensified emotional reactions to others’ emotional pain, and a greater motivation to communicate with the target. This study marks the first behavioral evidence showcasing vicarious pain responders’ empathic abilities, reactions, and motivation in response to nonphysical pain of others, expanding our knowledge of this phenomenon and its association with broader empathic abilities.
Perceived dissimilarity and knowledge sharing with younger workers: the role of generativity striving and knowledge receiving from younger workers
Authors: Lu Yunyan , Zhou Hao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Drawing on self-categorization theory, this study examined the impacts of perceived age and deep-level dissimilarities with younger workers on older workers’ tacit and explicit knowledge sharing (KS) with younger workers via generativity striving (GS), and extended the theory by proposing the moderating role of knowledge receiving (KR) from younger workers. This study used a three-wave online survey of 570 older workers in a large Chinese aircraft maintenance company. The results showed that GS mediated both the positive relationships between perceived age dissimilarity with younger workers and older workers’ tacit and explicit KS with younger workers, as well as the negative relationships between perceived deep-level dissimilarity (PDD) with younger workers and older workers’ tacit and explicit KS with younger workers. Moreover, the positive direct impact of GS and the negative indirect impact of PDD with younger workers on older workers’ explicit KS with younger workers were found to be relatively weaker when older workers’ KR from younger workers was high. The findings suggest that perceived age and deep-level dissimilarities with younger workers present both opportunities and challenges for older workers to share knowledge with younger workers.
Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain
Authors: Betti Sonia , Badioli Marco , Dalbagno Daniela , Garofalo Sara , di Pellegrino Giuseppe , Starita Francesca 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Pain-related motor adaptations may be enacted predictively at the mere threat of pain, before pain occurrence. Yet, in humans, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor adaptations in anticipation of pain remain poorly understood. We tracked the evolution of changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) as healthy adults learned to anticipate the occurrence of lateralized, muscle-specific pain to the upper limb. Using a Pavlovian threat conditioning task, different visual stimuli predicted pain to the right or left forearm (experiment 1) or hand (experiment 2). During stimuli presentation before pain occurrence, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex to probe CSE and elicit motor evoked potentials from target right forearm and hand muscles. The correlation between participants' trait anxiety and CSE was also assessed. Results showed that threat of pain triggered corticospinal inhibition specifically in the limb where pain was expected. In addition, corticospinal inhibition was modulated relative to the threatened muscle, with threat of pain to the forearm inhibiting the forearm and hand muscles, whereas threat of pain to the hand inhibited the hand muscle only. Finally, stronger corticospinal inhibition correlated with greater trait anxiety. These results advance the mechanistic understanding of pain processes showing that pain-related motor adaptations are enacted at the mere threat of pain, as sets of anticipatory, topographically organized motor changes that are associated with the expected pain and are shaped by individual anxiety levels. Including such anticipatory motor changes into models of pain may lead to new treatments for pain-related disorders.
Association Between Corticosteroid Dose and Pain Reduction After Sacroiliac Joint Injections
Authors: Naber William J. , Scribner Darin , Kalpakjian Claire Z. , Bakshi Rishi 
Published: June 2024

Objective
Sacroiliac joint–mediated back pain has proven therapeutic benefit from fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint corticosteroid injections. We examined corticosteroid dose and pain relief after fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint injections to better understand their relationship.

Design
This is a retrospective observational cohort analysis of electronic health record data on 661 patients who received unilateral fluoroscopically guided sacroiliac joint intraarticular corticosteroid injection with 40 mg versus 80 mg of methylprednisolone from 2012 and 2019. Patients were injected by fellowship trained proceduralists after diagnosis by board-certified physiatrists in an academic physiatry practice. Absolute change in pain scores (postprocedure and first follow-up) was modeled using linear regression of methylprednisolone dosage (40 mg vs. 80 mg) controlling for age, sex, body mass index, baseline pain scores, and follow-up time.

Results
Linear regression indicated that dosage of methylprednisolone, age, and body mass index were not statistically significantly associated with change in pain scores. Sex approached significance (P = 0.0501) indicating that females may have a lower degree of pain resolution than males.

Conclusions
Practitioners should consider corticosteroid dose when performing these beneficial procedures. This could reduce cost and potential side effects associated with larger doses, while still providing therapeutic benefit. This pilot study can guide future research and dosing guidelines for fluoroscopic spine injections.
For the Love of the Game
Authors: Grimsley Emily A. , Anderson David O. , Kendall Melissa A. , Zander Tyler , Parikh Rajavi , Weigel Ronald J. , Kuo Paul C. 
Published: June 2024

Objective:
We sought to determine the premium associated with a career in academic surgery, as measured by compensation normalized to the work relative value unit (wRVU).

Background:
An academic surgical career embodying innovation and mentorship offers intrinsic rewards but is not well monetized. We know compensation for academic surgeons is less than their nonacademic counterparts, but the value of clinical effort, as normalized to the wRVU, between academic and nonacademic surgeons has not been well characterized. Thus, we analyzed the variations in the valuation of academic and nonacademic surgical work from 2010 to 2022.

Methods:
We utilized Medical Group Management Association Provider Compensation data from 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 to compare academic and nonacademic surgeons. We analyzed raw total cash compensation (TCC), wRVU, TCC per wRVU (TCC/wRVU), and TCC to collections (TCCtColl). We calculated collections per wRVU (Coll/wRVU). We adjusted TCC and TCCtColl for inflation using the Consumer Price Index. Linear modeling for trend analysis was performed.

Results:
Compared with nonacademic, academic surgeons had lower TCC (2010: $500,415.0±23,666 vs $631,515.5±23,948.2, −21%; 2022: $564,789.8±23,993.9 vs $628,247.4±15,753.2, −10%), despite higher wRVUs (2022: 9109.4±474.9 vs 8062.7±252.7) and higher Coll/wRVU (2022: 76.68±8.15 vs 71.80±6.10). Trend analysis indicated that TCC will converge in 2038 at an estimated $660,931.

Conclusions:
In 2022, academic surgeons had more clinical activity and superior organizational revenue capture, despite less total and normalized clinical compensation. On the basis of TCC/wRVUs, academia charges a premium of 16% over nonacademic surgery. However, trend analysis suggests that TCC will converge within the next 20 years.
antiCD49d Ab treatment ameliorates age-associated inflammatory response and mitigates CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Chen Zhangying , Ford Kacie P. , Islam Mecca B.A.R , Wan Hanxiao , Han Hyebin , Ramakrishnan Abhirami , Brown Ryan J. , Villanueva Veronica , Wang Yidan , Davis Booker T. , Weiss Craig , Cui Weiguo , Gate David , Schwulst Steven J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPatients aged 65 years and older account for an increasing proportion of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Older TBI patients experience increased morbidity and mortality compared to their younger counterparts. Our prior data demonstrated that by blocking α4 integrin, anti-CD49d antibody (aCD49d Ab) abrogates CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the injured brain, improves survival, and attenuates neurocognitive deficits. Here, we aimed to uncover how aCD49d Ab treatment alters local cellular responses in the aged mouse brain. Consequently, mice incur age-associated toxic cytokine and chemokine responses long-term post-TBI. aCD49d Ab attenuates this response along with a T helper (Th)1/Th17 immunological shift and remediation of overall CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Furthermore, aCD49d Ab reduces CD8+ T cells exhibiting higher effector status, leading to reduced clonal expansion in aged, but not young, mouse brains with chronic TBI. Together, aCD49d Ab is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating TBI in the older people.Graphic abstractAged brains after TBI comprise two pools of CD8+T cells. The aged brain has long been resided by a population of CD8+T cells that’s exhaustive and dysfunctional. Post TBI, due to BBB impairment, functional CD8+T cells primarily migrate into the brain parenchyma. Aged, injury-associated microglia with upregulated MHC class I molecules can present neoantigens such as neuronal and/or myelin debris in the injured brains to functional CD8+ T, resulting in downstream CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. aCD49d Ab treatment exerts its function by blocking the migration of functional effector CD8+T cell population, leading to less cytotoxicity and resulting in improved TBI outcomes in aged mice.
Long-term perceptual priors drive confidence bias which favors prior-congruent evidence
Authors: Constant Marika , Filevich Elisa , Mamassian Pascal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWithin a Bayesian framework, both our perceptual decisions and confidence about those decisions are based on the precision-weighted integration of prior expectations and incoming sensory information. This assumes priors to influence both decisions and confidence in the same way. Against this assumption, asymmetries have been found in the influence that priors have on confidence compared to discrimination decisions. However, these patterns were found for high-level probabilistic expectations that are flexibly induced in the task context. It remains unclear whether this generalizes to low-level perceptual priors that are naturally formed through long term exposure. Here we investigated human participants’ confidence in decisions made under the influence of a long-term perceptual prior: the slow-motion prior. Participants viewed moving line stimuli for which the slow-motion prior biases the perceived motion direction. On each trial, they made two consecutive motion direction decisions followed by a confidence decision. We contrasted two conditions – one in which the prior biased perceptual decisions and one in which decisions were driven by the sensory information alone. We found a confidence bias favoring the condition in which the prior influenced decisions, even when accounting for performance differences. Computational modeling revealed this effect to best be explained by confidence using the prior-congruent evidence as an additional cue, beyond the posterior evidence used in the perceptual decision. This suggests a confirmatory confidence bias favoring evidence congruent with low-level perceptual priors, revealing that, in line with high-level expectations, even long-term priors have a particularly strong influence at the metacognitive level.