bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception and Sense of Control Over Eating Behaviors Among a Diverse Sample of Adults at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fukuoka Yoshimi , Lindgren Teri G. , Bonnet Kemberlee , Kamitani Emiko 
Published: February 2014

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore and understand knowledge and attitudes about food, diet, and weight control, focusing on barriers and motivators to reduce risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods Six focus groups were conducted in May and June 2010. The groups were stratified by sex. A total of 35 ethnically diverse samples with a high risk for type 2 diabetes participated. The average age was 51 ± 10.6 years, and 57% of the sample represented women. Results Four themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) demonstrated knowledge and source of knowledge, including participants’ basic understanding of “good” and “bad” food and what constitutes a “healthy diet” and trusted sources of information; (2) perceptions of food and diet, encompassing how participants expressed their perception of and interaction with food and diet; (3) sense of control over dietary intake, reflecting participants’ discussion of their perceived ability to control their eating patterns and food choices; and (4) eating behaviors, describing participants’ patterns of eating and perceived barriers to eating a healthy diet. Conclusions Study findings demonstrate that eating healthy requires a complex interaction between individual perceptions of food and sense of control over eating patterns and sociopolitical and economic structural factors that restrict healthy eating options while promoting unhealthy ones. Programs for long-term eating behavioral change necessary to reduce type 2 diabetes and obesity need to incorporate strategies that address individual-level factors of perception of food and sense of control over eating patterns, as well as structural level factors such as poverty and food insecurity.
Surgeon Dependent Variation in Adenotonsillectomy Costs in Children
Authors: Meier Jeremy D. , Duval Melanie , Wilkes Jacob , Andrews Seth , Korgenski E. Kent , Park Albert H. , Srivastava Rajendu 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesTo (1) identify the major expenses for same‐day adenotonsillectomy (T&A) and the costs for postoperative complication encounters in a children's hospital and (2) compare differences for variations in costs by surgeon.Study DesignObservational cohort study.SettingTertiary children's hospital.Subjects and MethodsA standardized activity‐based hospital accounting system was used to determine total hospital costs per encounter (not including professional fees for surgeons or anesthetists) for T&A cases at a tertiary children's hospital from 2007 to 2012. Hospital costs were subdivided into categories, including operating room (OR), OR supplies, postanesthesia care unit (PACU), same‐day services (SDS), anesthesia, pharmacy, and other. Costs for postoperative complication encounters were included to identify a mean total cost per case per surgeon.ResultsThe study cohort included 4824 T&As performed by 14 different surgeons. The mean cost per T&A was $1506 (95% confidence interval, $1492‐$1519, with a range of $1156‐$1828 for the lowest and highest cost per case per surgeon; P <. 01). Including the cost for postoperative complications, the mean cost increased to $1599 ($1570‐$1629). The largest cost categories included OR (31.9%), SDS (28.1%), and OR supplies (15.6%).ConclusionA large portion of T&A expenses are due to OR and supply costs. Significant differences in costs between surgeons for outpatient T&A were identified. Studies to understand the reasons for this variation and the impact on outcomes are needed. If this variation does not affect patient outcomes, then reducing this variation may improve health care value by limiting waste.
Bilateral catheter-directed thrombolysis in a patient with deep venous thrombosis caused by a hypoplastic inferior vena cava
Authors: Sloot S , Nierop J Van , Kootstra JJ , Wittens C , Fritschy WM 
Published: February 2014

Introduction Deep venous thrombosis treatment using catheter-directed thrombolysis is advocated over systemic thrombolysis because it reduces bleeding complications. With the development of a catheter that combines ultrasound vibrations and the local delivering of thrombolytics, new and safer treatments appear that are suitable for more complex problems. Report An adolescent male presented with bilateral iliofemoral thrombosis based on a hypoplastic inferior vena cava that had existed for more than two weeks. He was succesfully treated by bilateral ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed thrombolysis using EkoSonic® (Small Vessel) Endovascular System (EKOS) and stenting of the inferior vena cava. After eight months of follow-up, the inferior vena cava is still patent. Conclusion EKOS thrombolysis of longer existing bilateral deep venous thrombosis in the central venous system is a succesful treatment modality in congenital inferior vena cava anomalies.
No correlations between radiological angles and self-assessed quality of life in patients with hip dysplasia at 2–13 years of follow-up after periacetabular osteotomy
Authors: Birch Sara , Liljensøe Anette , Hartig-Andreasen Charlotte , Søballe Kjeld , Mechlenburg Inger 
Published: February 2014

Background Only few studies have described patients’ health-related quality of life (QoL) after periacetabular osteotomy (PAO). Thus, there is a lack of data on the self-assessed outcome of patients operated with PAO, and none of the existing studies correlate the results from Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 questionnaire (SF-36) with the radiological parameters. Purpose To investigate the health-related QoL for patients with hip dysplasia operated with PAO and to investigate whether QoL is associated with the acetabular angles or hypermobility. Material and Methods Out of 388 patients, 228 patients (mean age, 40.5 years; mean follow-up, 7.1 years) returned the SF-36 and Beighton questionnaires. The patient’s QoL was compared to reference data from a Danish population. Center-edge (CE) and acetabular index (AI) angles were measured before and after PAO and the association with the patients’ QoL was tested with logistic regression . Results For both men and women the postoperative SF-36 score was significantly lower than for the reference data for a Danish population, especially for those dimensions concerning physical health. No association was found between the patients’ CE or AI angles before or after PAO and their subsequent QoL. Significant associations were found between both Physical Component Score (PCS) and physical function (PF) and follow-up time after the operation. The adjusted OR for a PCS ≥ 50 was 0.87 (95% CI 0.76–0.99) and for a PF ≥ 85 0.81 (95% CI 0.71–0.91). No association between hyper mobility and PCS, PF, or bodily pain (BP) was found. Conclusion The physical components of QoL in patients undergoing PAO are significantly lower than the Danish population used as reference. Furthermore, the results suggest that physical function after PAO decreases with longer follow-up time. Neither the acetabular angles nor hypermobility is associated with the physical components of QoL.
Severe Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis With Clinical Findings of Transverse Myelitis After Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
Authors: Sarioglu Berrak , Kose Seda Sirin , Saritas Serdar , Kose Engin , Kanik Ali , Helvaci Mehmet 
Published: February 2014

Background: ADEM is a central nervous disease that leads to myelin damage as a result of autoimmune response that develops after infections or vaccination. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) infection rarely leads to ADEM. Patient: 25-month-old male due to urinary retention, paradoxical respiration and muscle weakness after herpetic gingivostomatitis diagnosed as transverse myelitis. In follow-up with cranial and spinal magnetic resonance imaging multiple lesions were demonstrated. Electroneuromyography findings were compatible with acute sensorimotor neuropathy, serum anti-GM2 antibodies and Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Type 1/2 IgM / IgG detected negative and positivite, respectively. With these findings he was diagnosed acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) following HSV infection. Although acyclovir, intravenous immunoglobulin, methylprednisolone and plasmapheresis therapies, he is still in intensive physical therapy program with heavy sequel. Results: In our case, ADEM demonstrated transverse myelitis clinic after HSV infection which is rarely seen in literature. As well as clinic and spinal imaging findings, cranial imaging findings helped establishment of ADEM diagnosis. Conclusion: To our best knowledge, HSV is a rare etiological and probably the poor prognostic factor of ADEM.
Layer-by-layer assembly of epidermal growth factors on polyurethane films for wound closure
Authors: Kulkarni Abhilash , Diehl-Jones William , Ghanbar Sadegh , Liu Song 
Published: February 2014

To facilitate the healing of chronic wounds, growth factors such as epidermal growth factor need to be safely encapsulated for their sustained and effective delivery to the wound bed. Using a layer-by-layer assembly technique, epidermal growth factor is successfully encapsulated on the surface of poly(acrylic acid)-modified polyurethane film. The amount of encapsulated epidermal growth factor is controlled by adjusting the number of chitosan/epidermal growth factor bilayers. A controlled release of epidermal growth factor from the surface of polyurethane film for a period of five days is achieved with well-retained bioactivity (over 90%) as evidenced by a cell proliferation assay. In an in vitro cellular wounding assay, the cell gap covered with the epidermal growth factor-loaded polyurethane film closes at a rate more than twice as fast as that covered with a control polyurethane film. Fluorescent staining of F-actin reveals that the released epidermal growth factor induces differences in cytoskeletal organization, suggesting that stimulated cell migration also contributes to the close of the cell gap.
The effect of comorbidity on hospital mortality in patients with SLE from an Asian tertiary hospital
Authors: Yang Y , Thumboo J , Earnest A , Yong SL , Fong KY 
Published: February 2014

Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the disease burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the usefulness of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) as risk-adjusted hospital mortality predictors in patients with SLE using a hospital administrative database. Methods A historical cohort study of a hospital discharge database from 2004 to 2011 was used to identify cases with SLE and comorbidity using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, ninth revision, Australian modification (ICD-9-AM) codes. Results Over the eight years, 841 patients met the criteria of SLE with a hospital mortality rate of 9.2%. The hospital mortality rates (2.4%, 15.7%, 25.0%, and 30.4%, respectively, p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (geometric mean, 3.5, 5.6, 8.8, and 7.5 days, respectively, p < 0.001) were consistently increased for patients with CCI ranging from none, low, moderate to high grade, respectively. Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that CCI (hazard ratio (HR) 7.8 high vs. none, p < 0.001) and infectious disease (HR 2.0, p = 0.016) were significant and independent predictors of hospital mortality. Similar results were also seen with hospital length of stay by zero-truncated negative binomial regression model analysis. Conclusion The SLE burden is high in this population. Comorbidities and infectious disease were some of the most important contributors to hospital mortality and resource utilization.
A combined gamma frailty and normal random-effects model for repeated, overdispersed time-to-event data
Authors: Molenberghs Geert , Verbeke Geert , Efendi Achmad , Braekers Roel , Demétrio Clarice GB 
Published: February 2014

This paper presents, extends, and studies a model for repeated, overdispersed time-to-event outcomes, subject to censoring. Building upon work by Molenberghs, Verbeke, and Demétrio (2007) and Molenberghs et al. (2010), gamma and normal random effects are included in a Weibull model, to account for overdispersion and between-subject effects, respectively. Unlike these authors, censoring is allowed for, and two estimation methods are presented. The partial marginalization approach to full maximum likelihood of Molenberghs et al. (2010) is contrasted with pseudo-likelihood estimation. A limited simulation study is conducted to examine the relative merits of these estimation methods. The modeling framework is employed to analyze data on recurrent asthma attacks in children on the one hand and on survival in cancer patients on the other.
End-of-Life Care Beliefs Among Muslim Physicians
Authors: Saeed Fahad , Kousar Nadia , Aleem Sohaib , Khawaja Owais , Javaid Asad , Siddiqui Mohammad Fasih , Holley Jean L 
Published: February 2014

Objective: Physicians' religiosity affects their approach to end-of-life care (EOLC) beliefs. Studies exist about end-of-life care beliefs among physicians of various religions. However, data on Muslim physicians are lacking. This study explores the beliefs centering on aspects of end-of-life care among Muslim physicians in the US and other countries. Design: A 25 item, online survey was created and distributed via Survey Monkey®. The survey was targeted toward Muslim physicians in the US and other countries. Results: A total 461 Muslim physicians responded to our survey. The primary end point was if the Muslim physicians thought that making a patient DO NOT RESUSCITATE (DNR) is allowed in Islam?. Nearly 66.8 % of the respondents replied yes as compared to 7.38 % of the respondents who said no. Country of origin, country of practice, and if physicians had talked about comfort care in the past had the most impact on the yes vs. no response (p=0.0399, p=0.0092 and 0.0023 respectively). Conclusion: Muslim physicians' beliefs on EOLC issues are affected more by the area of practice, country of origin and previous experience in talking about comfort care than the religious beliefs.
Withdrawal of Artificial Nutrition
Authors: Leheup Benoît F. , Piot Elise , Goetz Christophe , Quilliot Didier , Niemier Jean-Yves , Wary Bernard , Ducrocq Xavier 
Published: February 2014

Context: In spite of the existence of clinical guidelines and a legal framework in France, the withdrawal of artificial nutrition (AN) in palliative care remains a difficult situation for caregivers who are confronted with this reality. Objectives: To describe the perception of caregivers on the withdrawal of AN and to compare this perception between caregivers who have already been confronted with this situation and those who have not. Methods: Cross-sectional survey questionnaire of nurses and nurses’ aides (n = 274) working in medicine, surgery, and palliative care departments of a regional hospital. Results: Of the caregivers, 59.5% declared having been confronted with the withdrawal of AN in their professional practice. This was associated with a better perception by these caregivers even if their knowledge on the criteria to be considered in the decision was not significantly modified. Conclusion: The coherence of the withdrawal of AN with the personal beliefs of the caregivers, already high in the absence of being confronted with this practice, is better among caregivers who have been confronted with this situation. The lack of information perceived by caregivers should prompt us to develop additional training on the withdrawal of AN, its objectives, and its clinical consequences.
Differential effects of fingolimod on B-cell populations in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Nakamura Masakazu , Matsuoka Takako , Chihara Norio , Miyake Sachiko , Sato Wakiro , Araki Manabu , Okamoto Tomoko , Lin Youwei , Ogawa Masafumi , Murata Miho , Aranami Toshimasa , Yamamura Takashi 
Published: February 2014

Background: Fingolimod is an oral drug approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) with an ability to trap central memory T cells in secondary lymphoid tissues; however, its variable effectiveness in individual patients indicates the need to evaluate its effects on other lymphoid cells. Objective: To clarify the effects of fingolimod on B-cell populations in patients with MS. Methods: We analysed blood samples from 9 fingolimod-treated and 19 control patients with MS by flow cytometry, to determine the frequencies and activation states of naive B cells, memory B cells, and plasmablasts. Results: The frequencies of each B-cell population in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were greatly reduced 2 weeks after starting fingolimod treatment. Detailed analysis revealed a significant reduction in activated memory B cells (CD38int-high), particularly those expressing Ki-67, a marker of cell proliferation. Also, we noted an increased proportion of activated plasmablasts (CD138+) among whole plasmablasts, in the patients treated with fingolimod. Conclusions: The marked reduction of Ki-67+ memory B cells may be directly linked with the effectiveness of fingolimod in treating MS. In contrast, the relative resistance of CD138+ plasmablasts to fingolimod may be of relevance for understanding the differential effectiveness of fingolimod in individual patients.
Computerized Cognitive Testing for Older Adults
Authors: Zygouris Stelios , Tsolaki Magda 
Published: February 2014

Objective: This article is a review of computerized tests and batteries used in the cognitive assessment of older adults. Method: A literature search on Medline followed by cross-referencing yielded a total of 76 citations. Results: Seventeen test batteries were identified and categorized according to their scope. Computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and the Cambridge Cognitive Examination CAT battery as well as 3 experimental batteries and an experimental test are discussed in separate sections. All batteries exhibit strengths associated with computerized testing such as standardization of administration, accurate measurement of many variables, automated record keeping, and savings of time and costs. Discriminant validity and test–retest reliability were well documented for most batteries while documentation of other psychometric properties varied. Conclusion: The large number of available batteries can be beneficial to the clinician or researcher; however, care should be taken in order to choose the correct battery for each application.
Association Between Leg Length Discrepancy and Posterior Tibial Tendon Dysfunction
Authors: Sanhudo Jose Antônio Veiga , Gomes Joao Luiz Ellera 
Published: February 2014

Background. Leg length discrepancy (LLD) is associated with a variety of orthopaedic disorders and biomechanical gait changes that involve possible overload of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT). In view of the biomechanical disturbances induced by LLD, an association may exist between LLD and PTT dysfunction (PTTD). Purpose. To compare the frequency and magnitude of LLD between subjects with and without PTTD and ascertain whether associations exist between clinical features and presence of dysfunction. Study Design. Case–control study. Methods. A total of 118 patients with a diagnosis of PTTD were seen between January 2009 and September 2012 and compared with 118 gender-matched and race-matched volunteers. The frequency of LLD, the mean absolute LLD, and the mean relative LLD were measured by conventional (radiographic) or computed tomography scanography and compared between cases and controls. Results. The prevalence of LLD and mean absolute and relative LLD values were significantly greater in the case group (94.9%, 5.64 mm and 7.36%, respectively) than in the control group (79.7%, 3.28 mm and 4.18%, respectively) (P < .001). Conclusion. The findings of this study demonstrate a relationship between LLD and PTTD. In light of the major biomechanical changes it induces, LLD may be a predisposing factor for development of PTTD. Level of Evidence: Prognostic, Level III: Case–control series, retrospective
Asymmetric Hip Rotation in Professional Baseball Pitchers
Authors: McCulloch Patrick C. , Patel Jayesh K. , Ramkumar Prem N. , Noble Philip C. , Lintner David M. 
Published: February 2014

Background: There is a renewed interest in examining the association between hip range of motion and injury in athletes, and the data on baseball players are conflicting. Understanding whether asymmetrical hip rotation is a normal adaptation or a risk factor for injury will help therapists, trainers, and physicians develop rehabilitation programs to improve kinetic energy transfer and prevent injury. As our knowledge of hip pathology among baseball pitchers improves, establishing baselines for hip motion is critical in the further assessment of injury. Hypothesis: Because of the repetitive nature of throwing sports and the adaptive changes documented in the shoulder, elite baseball pitchers would have characteristic patterns of hip internal and external rotations on their dominant throwing side (stance) and their nondominant side (stride) in extension. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Computer software was used to measure passive internal and external rotations on digital photographs of 111 professional baseball pitchers. Results: In right-handed pitchers, there was significantly more internal rotation in the stance hip than the stride hip (32.2° ± 8.2° vs 30.8° ± 8.4°; P = .0349) and significantly more external rotation in the stride hip than the stance hip (36.3° ± 7.7° vs 30.8° ± 9.7°; P < .0001). While the mean difference in external rotation was 4.7°, 32% of the subjects had a >10° increase in external rotation on the stride hip relative to the stance hip. This population was statistically different from the remaining group for older age ( P = .0053), lower body mass index ( P = .0379), and more years in professional baseball ( P = .0328). In the smaller number of left-handed pitchers, side-to-side differences in hip rotation were found but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Pitchers showed more internal rotation on their stance hip and more external rotation on their stride hip. Although the mean differences are small, there is a subset of pitchers with defined characteristics in whom larger differences exist.
Community-acquired lung respiratory infections in HIV-infected patients: microbial aetiology and outcome
Authors: Cilloniz Catia , Torres Antoni , Polverino Eva , Gabarrus Albert , Amaro Rosanel , Moreno Encarnacion , Villegas Santiago , Ortega Mar , Mensa Josep , Marcos Maria Angeles , Moreno Asuncion , Miro Jose M. 
Published: February 2014

We describe the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in HIV-infected patients, risk factors for bacterial orPneumocystis jiroveciiCAP and prognostic factors of 30-day mortality.This was a prospective observational study of 331 consecutive adult CAP cases in HIV-infected patients (January 2007 to July 2012).128 (39%) patients had CD4+cell counts <200 per mm3and 99 (43%) ha HIV RNA levels <200 copies per mL on antiretroviral therapy.Streptococcus pneumoniaewas the most frequent microorganism in the group with CD4+cell counts ≥200 per mm3;P. jiroveciiwas the most frequent microorganism in the group with CD4+cell counts <200 per mm3and in patients with HIV RNA ≥200 copies per mL. Predictors of bacterial CAP were: time with symptoms ≤5 days (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.5–4.4), C-reactive protein level ≥22 mg·dL−1(OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.3–8.2) and hepatitis C virus co-infection (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.9). White blood cell count ≤4×1012per L (OR 3.7, 95% CI 1.2–11.5), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level ≥598 U·L−1(OR 12.9, 95% CI 4.2–39.7) and multilobar infiltration (OR 5.8, 95% CI 1.9–19.5) were predictors ofP. jirovecii. Overall 30-day mortality was 7%. Appropriate antibiotic treatment (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.03–0.4), LDH ≥598 U·L−1(OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.8–21.8) and mechanical ventilation (OR 22.0, 95% CI 6.2–78.6) were the variables independently associated with 30-day mortality.The described predictors may help clinicians to distinguish between bacterial andP. jiroveciipneumonia in patients with suspected or confirmed HIV infection.