bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of survival outcomes in phase 1 relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Barbee Meagan S. , Nooka Ajay , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Kim Sungjin , Chen Zhengjia , Heffner Leonard T. , Lonial Sagar , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe categories of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) response criteria for multiple myeloma are based on the magnitude of the change in paraprotein and the normalization of the free light chain ratio (rFLC). However, the relationship between the response by these biomarkers and clinical outcomes has not been validated with novel compounds in the phase 1 setting. Early response predictors may have prognostic value and speed development plans for new agents.METHODSThe relationship between biomarkers of response and clinical outcomes was examined in 87 relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients enrolled in nontransplant phase I clinical trials from January 2004 through November 2011 at 4 time landmarks. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was the primary outcome, and overall survival (OS) was also assessed.RESULTSThe normalization of rFLC within 4 months predicted improvement in PFS (11.3 vs 2.8 months, P = .038), whereas the normalization of rFLC within 12 months predicted improvement in PFS (6.1 vs 2.8 months, P = .015) and OS (45 vs 17.4 months, P = .002). The magnitude of response in paraprotein predicted and correlated linearly with PFS at all time landmarks (R2 = 0.703‐0.943) when it was assessed with 2 different boundaries.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that the normalization of rFLC and the magnitude of response are viable biomarkers for surrogate endpoints in early‐phase clinical trials, validate the use of current IMWG response criteria in the phase 1 setting, and support the use of these biomarkers for drug development endpoints. Cancer 2015;121:853–862. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
ω‐Turn: A novel β‐turn mimic in globular proteins stabilized by main‐chain to side‐chain CH···O interaction
Authors: Dhar Jesmita , Chakrabarti Pinak , Saini Harpreet , Raghava Gajendra Pal Singh , Kishore Raghuvansh 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMimicry of structural motifs is a common feature in proteins. The 10‐membered hydrogen‐bonded ring involving the main‐chain CO in a β‐turn can be formed using a side‐chain carbonyl group leading to Asx‐turn. We show that the NH component of hydrogen bond can be replaced by a Cγ‐H group in the side chain, culminating in a nonconventional CH···O interaction. Because of its shape this β‐turn mimic is designated as ω‐turn, which is found to occur ∼three times per 100 residues. Three residues (i to i + 2) constitute the turn with the CH···O interaction occurring between the terminal residues, constraining the torsion angles ϕi + 1, ψi + 1, ϕi + 2 and χ′1(i + 2) (using the interacting Cγ atom). Based on these angles there are two types of ω‐turns, each of which can be further divided into two groups. Cβ‐branched side‐chains, and Met and Gln have high propensities to occur at i + 2; for the last two residues the carbonyl oxygen may participate in an additional interaction involving the S and amino group, respectively. With Cys occupying the i + 1 position, such turns are found in the metal‐binding sites. N‐linked glycosylation occurs at the consensus pattern Asn‐Xaa‐Ser/Thr; with Thr at i + 2, the sequence can adopt the secondary structure of a ω‐turn, which may be the recognition site for protein modification. Location between two β‐strands is the most common occurrence in protein tertiary structure, and being generally exposed ω‐turn may constitute the antigenic determinant site. It is a stable scaffold and may be used in protein engineering and peptide design. Proteins 2015; 83:203–214. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new Eomysticetid (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the Late Oligocene of New Zealand and a re‐evaluation of ‘Mauicetus’ waitakiensis
Authors: Boessenecker Robert W. , Fordyce R. Ewan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe published Oligocene record of mysticetes (baleen whales) is dominated by toothed mysticetes in addition to the Eomysticetidae, the earliest known chaeomysticetes known only from the Oligocene. Formally recognized eomysticetids include examples from the Oligocene of South Carolina, USA (Eomysticetus), and Japan (Yamatocetus). A new fossil from the upper Oligocene Otekaike Limestone including a partial skull, periotic, tympanic bulla, mandible and some postcrania is here described as Tohoraata raekohao gen. et sp. nov. Tohoraata confirms the presence of an eomysticetid in New Zealand. Tohoraata raekohao is characterized by delicate frontal with numerous supraorbital foramina and sulci, relatively long exposure of the frontal and parietal along a transversely narrow intertemporal region, greatly enlarged temporal fossa, massive and anteriorly directed zygomatic process lacking a supramastoid crest, and a periotic with superior process reduced to a low ridge with anterior and posterior apices. Cranial and postcranial fusion of elements, development of muscle attachments and osteohistology demonstrate that the T. raekohao holotype is an adult or possible subadult. Features of the tympanic bulla including a relatively wide bulla with a medial lobe that is transversely much wider than the lateral lobe, and a slightly posterolaterally facing exoccipital, permit referral of the fragmentary ‘Mauicetus’ waitakiensis of Marples into the genus Tohoraata, resulting in Tohoraata waitakiensis comb. nov. Description of T. raekohao and resolution of the relationships of the hitherto problematic Tohoraata waitakiensis indicates that several eomysticetids were present in the Southern Ocean during the Late Oligocene.
Brief report: Preliminary evidence that co‐rumination fosters adolescents' depression risk by increasing rumination
Authors: Stone Lindsey B. , Gibb Brandon E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMounting research shows that the tendency to co‐ruminate with peers regarding ongoing problems increases adolescents' depression risk; however, the means by which this interpersonal process fosters risk has not been identified. This said, theorists have proposed that co‐rumination increases depression risk, in part, by increasing one's tendency to ruminate when alone. We tested this hypothesis in a study of 201 high‐school freshmen who completed two assessments, six months apart. Supporting the proposed model, co‐rumination predicted prospective increases in rumination and rumination predicted increases in depressive symptoms. The direct effect of co‐rumination on depressive symptom change was not significant. Results indicate that co‐rumination with friends may serve to increase rumination, which in turn increases depression risk.
The Impact of Lubricants on the Precision Lapping Process
Authors: Jiang Xionghua , Chen Zhenxing , Wolfram Joy , Wei Zhongxian , Shen Yuqiu , Yang Zhizhou 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe impact of lubricants on pole-tip recession and surface morphology of hard disk drive heads in the precision lapping process was investigated with atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and auger electron spectroscopy. In particular, the effects of deionized water, hydrocarbon oil, ethanediol, isopropanol, and ethanol lubricants were evaluated. The results reveal that proper selection of lubricant is critical for achieving optimal performance in the lapping process. A mixture of 68% hydrocarbon oil, 30% isopropanol, and 2% octadecenoic acid was found to yield the most favorable results, displaying a writer shield recession, first shield of reader recession, and surface roughness of 0.423, 0.581, and 0.242 nm, respectively.
Comparative metabolomic and ionomic approach for abundant fishes in estuarine environments of Japan
Authors: Yoshida Seiji , Date Yasuhiro , Akama Makiko , Kikuchi Jun 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnvironmental metabolomics or ionomics is widely used to characterize the effects of environmental stressors on the health of aquatic organisms. However, most studies have focused on liver and muscle tissues of fish and little is known about how the other organs are affected by environmental perturbations and effects such as metal pollutants or eutrophication. We examined the metabolic and mineral profiles of three kinds of abundant fishes in estuarine ecosystem, yellowfin goby, urohaze-goby and juvenile Japanese seabass sampled from Tsurumi River estuary, Japan. Multivariate analyses, including nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry-based ionomics approaches, revealed that the profiles were clustered according to differences among body tissues rather than differences in body size, sex and species. The metabolic and mineral profiles of the muscle and fin tissues, respectively, suggest that these tissues are most appropriate for evaluating environmental perturbations. Such analyses will be highly useful in evaluating the environmental variation and diversity in aquatic ecosystems.
Schistosomiasis‐Associated Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Papamatheakis Demosthenes G. , Mocumbi Ana Olga H. , Kim Nick H. , Mandel Jess 
Published: November 2014

Schistosomiasis, a parasite‐borne disease, is highly prevalent in Africa and Asia; it is estimated that close to 20 million people worldwide have a severe form of the disease. The chronic form can affect the gastrointestinal system and lead to hepatosplenic disease, and it may cause cardiopulmonary complications, including pulmonary hypertension. The exact pathogenesis of schistosomiasis‐associated pulmonary hypertension (Sch‐PH) remains unclear, although several mechanisms, including parasitic arterial embolization, pulmonary arteriopathy, and portopulmonary hypertension–like pathophysiology, have been suggested. The immunopathology of the disease is also unclear, although there are similarities with the immunology of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Finally, the treatment of Sch‐PH has not been well studied. There is some evidence on treating the underlying infection, with unclear effect on Sch‐PH, and advanced PAH therapies are now being suggested, but more studies are needed to confirm their efficacy.
Co-culture system of human salivary gland epithelial cells and immune cells from primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients: an in vitro approach to study the effects of Rituximab on the activation of the Raf-1/ERK1/2 pathway
Authors: Lisi Sabrina , Sisto Margherita , D’Amore Massimo , Lofrumento Dario Domenico 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the exocrine glands with associated lymphocytic infiltrates in the affected glands. Dryness of the mouth and eyes results from involvement of the salivary and lacrimal glands. The efficacy of Rituximab (RTX) in pSS is still open to debate. This study delineates the signaling pathway involved in RTX-mediated down-regulation of pro-inflammatory factors in a co-culture system of pSS salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) with syngeneic pSS B-lymphocytes. In addition, the effects of RTX on the activation of the Raf-1/ERK1/2 pathway in pSS SGEC co-cultured with syngeneic pSS T-lymphocytes were also investigated. This study demonstrated that RTX may interfere with the ERK1/2 pathway in a syngeneic co-culture of pSS SGEC with pSS B-lymphocytes, leading to decreased cytokine production by SGEC. These novel findings reveal that syngeneic co-culture of pSS SGEC with pSS B-lymphocytes leads to a down-regulation of Raf-1 in epithelial cells that adversely regulates the activity of the ERK1/2 pathway and determines a subsequent reduction of the release of pro-inflammatory factors.
A Hidden Markov Model for Investigating Recent Positive Selection through Haplotype Structure
Authors: Chen Hua , Hey Jody , Slatkin Montgomery 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecent positive selection can increase the frequency of an advantageous mutant rapidly enough that a relatively long ancestral haplotype will be remained intact around it. We present a hidden Markov model (HMM) to identify such haplotype structures. With HMM identified haplotype structures, a population genetic model for the extent of ancestral haplotypes is then adopted for parameter inference of the selection intensity and the allele age. Simulations show that this method can detect selection under a wide range of conditions and has higher power than the existing frequency spectrum-based method. In addition, it provides good estimate of the selection coefficients and allele ages for strong selection. The method analyzes large data sets in a reasonable amount of running time. This method is applied to HapMap III data for a genome scan, and identifies a list of candidate regions putatively under recent positive selection. It is also applied to several genes known to be under recent positive selection, including theLCT, KITLGandTYRP1genes in Northern Europeans, andOCA2in East Asians, to estimate their allele ages and selection coefficients.
Assessment of the electric field induced in the human tissue during magnetic stimulation of the spinal cord
Authors: Darabant Laura , Cretu Mihaela , Ciupa Radu V. , Micu Dan D. , Stet Denisa 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the electrical field induced in the spinal cord and nearby area during lumbar magnetic stimulation.Design/methodology/approachThe spinal cord is modelled as a continuous cylinder, while the vertebral column is also represented by a concentric interrupted cylinder. The coil used for magnetic stimulation is a figure of eight, whose centre is placed above T12‐L1 vertebras. The electrical field is induced and its derivative is computed using the finite difference method.FindingsPreliminary results suggest that magnetic stimulation may be able to induce a sufficiently intense electric field inside the spinal cord, leading to the direct activation of spinal nerve roots.Practical implicationsIf the spinal cord can be stimulated directly by magnetic stimulation, this technique can facilitate functional motor activities, including standing and stepping in paralyzed people, in a non‐invasive way.Originality/valueThe authors revealed the fact that functional magnetic stimulation can be applied to the spinal cord, and should be further investigated as an alternative to invasive techniques such as electrical stimulation.
Lights out for Capital Mills Limited (CML)!
Authors: Wilson Shellyanne 
Published: November 2014

Subject area
This case study deals specifically with the issue of manufacturing strategy, and business strategy.

Study level/applicability
The case can be used in a number of course contexts, including undergraduate and MBA programs. The focus is on both business strategy and manufacturing strategy issues. The case can be assigned as an opening vignette, during the initial phases of business strategy, since the case situations and concepts are both simple and clear. It can also be assigned for an in-depth treatment of manufacturing strategy.

Case overview
The case focuses on Capital Mills Limited (CML), a flour milling company, and concentrates on whether the company should refurbish its two 40-year old flour mills at a cost of US$6 million or if the company should invest US$15 million in the construction and installation of a new, fully-automated “Lights out” flour mill. This decision is viewed as a “make or break” decision for CML, since for the first time in the company's 40 year history will it face significant direct competition, in the form of the impending entry of a second flour milling company.

Expected learning outcomes
The case has four primary learning objectives, namely to: illustrate the linkages between business level strategy and the functional level, manufacturing strategy; discuss the role of a company's history and internal resource structure in the decision making process; explore how operational issues influence capital expenditure decisions; and explore the perspective of managers in different functions in an organization that is facing a new competitive challenge.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available – consult your librarian for access.
Cognitive biases and design effects in experimental auctions
Authors: De Steur Hans , Vanhonacker Filiep , Feng Shuyi , Shi Xiaoping , Verbeke Wim , Gellynck Xavier 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– Experimental auctions are widely used as a non-hypothetical value elicitation method to examine consumer preferences for novel, controversial foods. However, despite its advantages over hypothetical methods, its practice might lead to a wide variety of biases. The purpose of this paper is to provide a list of key cognitive biases and design effects in food auction research and to deliver scientifically underpinned procedures in order to assess, control and reduce them. Its applicability and relevance is examined in auctions on willingness-to-pay for folate (GM) biofortified rice.Design/methodology/approach– Based on auction literature, a list of 18 biases has been developed. Experimental auctions were conducted with 252 women from Shanxi Province, China to test the occurrence of eight biases, while demonstrating measures to reduce the risk of ten biases.Findings– The results lend support for three information-related effects, i.e. confirmation bias, conflicting product information effects and a primacy bias, but not for a multiple-good valuation effect, a panel size effect, a trial winner effect and time-related sampling biases. Furthermore, there are no clear indications of social desirability bias, auction fever and a false consensus effect.Research limitations/implications– This study emphasizes the need to take into account, and measure the risk of various biases when developing, organizing and interpreting experimental auctions. Future research should further extend the list of biases and validate the study findings.Originality/value– By using a highly topical subject, this study is one of the first to address the potential risk of cognitive biases and design effects in experimental (food) auctions.
Fertilizer industry subsidies in China: who are the beneficiaries?
Authors: Li Sheng , Zhang Yaoqi , Nadolnyak Denis , David Wesley John , Zhang Yifei 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– Since 2004, subsidies increased by 670 percent in the Chinese fertilizer industry to reduce the farmer's burden. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether subsidies benefit the target groups, the fertilizer subsidy distribution pattern and benefit allocation pattern among fertilizer producers and other sectors were investigated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The Muth model is extended to evaluate the impacts of a subsidy on multi-stage markets.

Findings
– It is found that the total benefits from the policy are about RMB 7.7 billion yuans. The fertilizer suppliers gain about RMB 51 billion yuans from the favorable policy with mean subsidy incidence 0.8 and capturing about 70 percent of total surplus.

Social implications
– The results suggest that transferring parts of subsidies to the non-fertilizer sectors could be considered an efficient way to redistribute welfare indifferent sectors.

Originality/value
– This study first use the equilibrium displacement model to quantity the distribution of fertilizer subsidy in a vertical market in China.
Food prices and inflation dynamics in China
Authors: Zhang Chengsi , Meng Chunming , Getz Lisa 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– China has witnessed low and stable consumer price inflation in conjunction with high and volatile food price inflation over the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to examine questions about whether or not the link between consumer price inflation and food price inflation has weakened and the determinants of consumer price inflation.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper explores these questions by estimating error correction terms for monetary and external sectors using the Johansen cointegration method.

Findings
– Empirical results suggest that the link between consumer price inflation and food prices has not been weakened, food price inflation, especially cereal price inflation, remains a significant driving force for overall consumer price inflation, and international food prices also play a significant role in determining China's inflation dynamics.

Originality/value
– The paper construct a multivariate dynamic model that features the link between consumer price inflation and its potential driving variables. It also develops error correction models for food price, non-food price and consumer price inflation, which can accommodate dynamic interactions among the underlying variables.
Detection and Quantification of Chloramphenicol in Milk and Honey Using Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Canadian Penny‐Based SERS Nano‐Biosensor
Authors: Gao Fang , Feng Shaolong , Chen Zhiwen , Li‐Chan Eunice C.Y. , Grant Edward , Lu Xiaonan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe integrated molecularly imprinted polymers with surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MIPs‐SERS) to develop an innovative nano‐biosensor for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk and honey products. Template molecule (CAP), functional monomer (acrylamide), cross‐linking agent (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate), initiator (2,2’‐azobis(isobutyronitrile)), and porogen (methanol) were employed to form MIPs via “dummy” precipitation polymerization. Static and kinetic studies validated the specific selectivity of MIPs toward CAP over nonimprinted polymers (imprinting factor >4). Canadian penny‐based silver nano‐structure was synthesized as SERS‐active substrate for determination of CAP in food matrices. Collected spectra were processed by principal component analysis to differentiate various concentrations of CAP in foods. Partial least squares regression models showed good prediction values (R> 0.9) of actual spiked contents (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 ppm) of CAP in milk and honey. This developed nano‐biosensor is low cost, requires little sample pretreatment, and can provide reliable detection of trace level of chemical hazards in food systems within a total of 15 min.
Radial head replacement with pyrocarbon prosthesis: early clinical results
Authors: Abdulla Irfan N. , Molony Diarmuid C. , Symes Michael , Cass Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundComminuted radial head fractures are challenging to treat with open reduction and internal fixation. Radial head arthroplasty is a favourable technique for the treatment of complex radial head fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of radial head arthroplasty using modular pyrocarbon radial head prosthesis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 21 consecutive patients requiring radial head arthroplasty for unreconstructible radial head fractures between July 2003 and July 2009. Patients completed a Short Form‐36 (SF‐36), the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index. Patients were independently physically examined and their post‐operative radiographs were reviewed.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (nine males and 12 females) were reviewed at a minimum of 12 months follow‐up. The mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score was 10.8 (0–34.1), mean SF‐36 physical score was 76.9 (35–96), mean SF‐36 mental score was 83.8 (60–94), and their Mayo Elbow Performance Index score was 86.4 (70–100). Patients maintained 90% of their grip strength when compared with their uninjured arm and had 17.5° of fixed flexion in the affected arm. Radiologically, 14 cases had some degree of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis, 12 cases had evidence of heterotrophic ossification, five had some evidence of periprosthetic lucency and three patients were radiologically, but not functionally ‘overstuffed’.ConclusionRadial head arthroplasty with pyrocarbon radial head prosthesis is an acceptable option when treating unreconstructable radial head fractures yielding good functional and radiological outcomes.