bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cochlear pharmacokinetics of cisplatin: An in vivo study in the guinea pig
Authors: Hellberg Victoria , Wallin Inger , Ehrsson Hans , Laurell Göran 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisCisplatin produces toxic lesions to outer hair cells (OHCs) in the cochlear base but not in the apex. The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of cisplatin in scala tympani (ST) perilymph in the cochlear base and apex, respectively.Study DesignIn vivo animal study.MethodsForty‐seven guinea pigs were given an intravenous bolus injection of an ototoxic dose of cisplatin. Ten to 240 minutes after cisplatin was given, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and ST perilymph were aspirated within the same target time. ST perilymph was aspirated from the basal turn and from the apex of the cochlea by two different sampling techniques. Liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization was used for quantitative determination of the parent drug.ResultsTen minutes after administration, the concentration of cisplatin in ST perilymph was 4‐fold higher in the basal turn of the cochlea than in the apex. At 30 minutes, the drug concentrations did not differ. At 60 minutes, the level of cisplatin in ST perilymph and blood UF was equivalent. The perilymph‐blood ratio increased thereafter with time.ConclusionThe pharmacokinetic findings of an early high concentration of cisplatin in the base of the cochlea and delayed elimination of cisplatin from ST perilymph compared to blood might correlate to the cisplatin‐induced loss of OHCs in the base of the cochlea.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3172–3177, 2013
Trends of human papillomavirus‐related head and neck cancers in Korea: National cancer registry data
Authors: Shin Aesun , Jung Yuh‐S. , Jung Kyu‐Won , Kim Kyeezu , Ryu Junsun , Won Young‐Joo 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive head and neck cancers (HNCs) is increasing sharply worldwide, while their HPV‐negative counterparts are showing a decreased frequency. However, epidemiologic data related to these changes are sparse in Korea, which is rapidly adopting more westernized lifestyles.Study DesignData from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, a nationwide population‐based cancer registry, from 1999 to 2009 were retrieved.MethodsAge‐standardized rates (ASRs), their annual percent changes (APC) and male‐to‐female incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were analyzed and compared between HPV‐related and HPV‐unrelated primary sites.ResultsHPV‐related sites (oropharynx) had increased significantly over the period 1999 to 2009 (APC = 2.35%, P = 0.017), particularly in young men (30–59 years, APC = 2.65%, P = 0.031), whereas HPV‐unrelated sites such as larynx and hypopharynx decreased markedly in both sexes. Interestingly, tongue cancer was found to have increased gradually (APC = 2.35%, P = 0.003) in both sexes. The male‐to‐female IRRs and the median age of occurrence remained stable.ConclusionsAlthough the cultural and ethnic background differs from the United States, cancers of HPV‐related sites are increasing in Korea, whereas cancers of HPV‐unrelated sites are decreasing, which is similar to the trends observed in the United States. Greater public awareness in Korea of HPV‐related HNCs is therefore warranted.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 123:E30–E37, 2013
Leadership Development Personalized!
Authors: Masie Elliott 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMasie believes that as personalization catches on outside the workplace (from restaurant eating to watching television to e‐commerce), organizational learning will become increasingly personalized. Rather than attending multiday classes, or sitting through long e‐learning modules, people now want to “learn in their own style, focusing on content that is just right for them at that moment in their lives or careers.” He provides a number of examples of this personalization, including transformations of learning spaces, harnessing different models of mentoring, and mixing face‐to‐face and online/virtual formats, with “designs that go far beyond PowerPoint and audio talk‐overs.”
Innovation Starts with a Kill Manifesto
Authors: Bodell Lisa 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBodell believes that to plan for its future, a company should see itself through the eyes of its competitors, through a “Kill the Company” exercise. Employees think of ways competitors could put it out of business. Next is to see if threats are clustered in particular areas, such as R&D or customer service. Strategies can be developed to counter these threats, and lead to strategies to be used against the competition. She also advocates “Killer Queries,” open‐ended questions in such areas as pricing, logistics, and trends. For example, “Which emerging trend is most likely to uproot our business model?”
Frustriert, aber äußerst nützlich
Authors: Uhl Werner 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFrustrierte Lewis‐Paare enthalten Lewis‐saure und ‐basische Atome, ohne dass sich die entgegen‐ gesetzten Funktionalitäten durch Adduktbildung löschen. Die Verbindungen koordinieren und aktivieren kleine Moleküle. Neuere Verbindungen mit Aluminium übertreffen in manchen Eigenschaften die etablierten borhaltigen Substanzen.
Schluss mit dem Ratespiel bei Wasserstoffatomen
Authors: Dittrich Birger 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Metall‐ und Kohlenstoffatome sind lokalisiert, aber die Position der Wasserstoffatome lässt sich mit der Röntgenstrukturanalyse nur ungenau ermitteln. Auch theoretische Berechnungen halfen hier meist nicht weiter. Neue Verfeinerungs‐ und Rechenmethoden können das ändern.
Die Blässe des Cadmiumgelbs
Authors: Ridder Barbara 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCadmiumgelb galt Künstlern wie Vincent van Gogh als besonders stabiles und leuchtendes Farbpigment. Im Laufe der Zeit verändert es jedoch seine Farbe. Warum aber verfärben sich die Pigmente in einem Gemälde von van Gogh grau‐orange, während sie in einem Bild von James Ensor nur verblassen?
Robust partitioned block preconditioners for large‐scale geotechnical applications with soil–structure interactions
Authors: Chen Xi , Jie Yuxin , Liu Jiankun 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYSoil–structure interaction problems are commonly encountered in geotechnical practice and remarkably characterized with significant material stiffness contrast. When solving the soil–structure interaction problems, the employed Krylov subspace iterative method may converge slowly or even fail, indicating that the adopted preconditioning method may not suit for such problems. The inexact block diagonal preconditioners proposed recently have been shown effective for the soil–structure interaction problems; however, they haven't been exploited to full capabilities. By using the same partition strategy according to the structure elements and soil elements, the partitioned block symmetric successive over‐relaxation preconditioners or partitioned block constraint preconditioners are proposed. Based on two pile‐group foundation problems and a tunnel problem, the proposed preconditioners are evaluated and compared with the available preconditioners for the consolidation analysis and the drained analysis, respectively. In spite of one additional solve associated with the structure block and multiplications with off‐diagonal blocks in the preconditioning step, numerical results reveal that the proposed preconditioners obviously possess better performance than the recently developed inexact block preconditioners. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urinary and ejaculatory dysfunction induced by denervation of specific striated muscles anatomically related to the urethra in male rats
Authors: Juárez Raúl , Cruz Yolanda 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe purpose of the present study was to determine the contribution of the external urethral sphincter (EUS), the ischiocavernous (IC), or the bulbospongiosus (BS) on the control of micturition, copulatory behavior and semen expulsion in male rats. We hypothesized that the EUS contributes to maintain urinary continence, while all three muscles participate in expulsive urethral functions.MethodsIn Experiment 1, it was analyzed the effects of bilateral denervation of IC, BS or EUS, or sham surgery, on voiding behavior and urinary parameters measured before surgery and 2 and 10 days post‐surgery. In Experiment 2, copulatory behavior and the weight of the seminal plug expelled during ejaculation were recorded before and after sham surgery or bilateral denervation of the aforementioned muscles. Immediately after ejaculation, the animals were anesthetized to confirm the denervation and determine whether seminal material had accumulated in the lower urinary tract.ResultsIn IC‐denervated animals, voiding duration and the number of mounts was increased, and intromission or ejaculation patterns were absent. Denervation of BS induced signs of post‐micturition dribble, decreased voiding frequency, increased urine volume and reduced the amount of semen ejaculated. Denervation of EUS induced signs of post‐micturition dribble and urinary incontinence, as well as retrograde ejaculation.ConclusionsStriated muscles anatomically related to the urethra contribute differentially to the control of continence and expulsive urethral functions. Damages to the muscles or to their innervation, as may occur during pelvic surgery, would result in sexual and urinary dysfunctions. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:437–442, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thoracic periaortic and visceral adipose tissue and their cross‐sectional associations with measures of vascular function
Authors: Britton Kathryn A. , Wang Na , Palmisano Joseph , Corsini Erin , Schlett Christopher L. , Hoffmann Udo , Larson Martin G. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Vita Joseph A. , Mitchell Gary F. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Fox Caroline S. 
Published: June 2013

Objective: Perivascular fat may have a local adverse effect on the vasculature. We evaluated whether thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT), a type of perivascular fat, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were associated with vascular function.Design and MethodsTAT and VAT were quantified in Framingham Heart Study participants using multidetector‐computed tomography; vascular function was assessed using brachial artery vasodilator function, peripheral arterial tone, and arterial tonometry (n = 2,735; 48% women; mean age, 50 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 27.7 kg/m2). Using multiple linear regression, the relationships between TAT, VAT, and vascular measures was examined while adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.ResultsMean TAT and VAT volumes were 13.2 and 1763 cm3. TAT and VAT were associated with multiple vascular function measures after multivariable adjustment. After BMI adjustment, TAT and VAT remained negatively associated with peripheral arterial tone and inverse carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (P < 0.02); TAT was negatively associated with hyperemic mean flow velocity (P = 0.03). Associations of TAT with vascular function were attenuated after VAT adjustment (all P > 0.06).ConclusionsThoracic periaortic and visceral fat are associated with microvascular function and large artery stiffness after BMI adjustment. These findings support the growing recognition of associations between ectopic fat and vascular function.
Phosphonated oligoallylamine: Synthesis, characterization in water, and development of layer by layer assembly
Authors: Negrell‐Guirao Claire , Carosio Federico , Boutevin Bernard , Cottet Hervé , Loubat Cédric 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe work focuses on the synthesis and layer by layer (LbL) assembly of oligoallylamine and phosphonated oligoallylamine. To this aim, the synthesis of oligoallylamine and the phosphonated form have been done by free radical polymerization in aqueous media. First, radical polymerization of acid salt of allylamine was performed. This charged polymer could not be characterized using classical analytical techniques such as size‐exclusion chromatography and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation‐time of flight mass spectroscopy due to presence of cations. This work demonstrated the interest of capillary electrophoresis (CE) to analyze charged oligomers, using very small amounts of samples. Entangled polymer solution CE was used as a size‐based separation technique for the characterization of the molar mass distribution using indirect ultraviolet detection and calibration based on vinyl pyridine standards. Phosphorus‐containing oligoallylamines having a number‐average molar mass of 1600 g mol−1 and a 2.3 polydispersity index were obtained. When combined using the LbL approach, prepared polymers showed an exponential growth regime as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analyses of the LbL‐assembled polymers showed an extraordinary thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1244–1251
Neisseria meningitidis expresses a single 3‐deoxy‐d‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase that is inhibited primarily by phenylalanine
Authors: Cross Penelope J. , Pietersma Amy L. , Allison Timothy M. , Wilson‐Coutts Sarah M. , Cochrane Fiona C. , Parker Emily J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNeisseria meningitidis is the causative agent of meningitis and meningococcal septicemia is a major cause of disease worldwide, resulting in brain damage and hearing loss, and can be fatal in a large proportion of cases. The enzyme 3‐deoxy‐d‐arabino‐heptulosonate 7‐phosphate synthase (DAH7PS) catalyzes the first reaction in the shikimate pathway leading to the biosynthesis of aromatic metabolites including the aromatic acids l‐Trp, l‐Phe, and l‐Tyr. This pathway is absent in humans, meaning that enzymes of the pathway are considered as potential candidates for therapeutic intervention. As the entry point, feedback inhibition of DAH7PS by pathway end products is a key mechanism for the control of pathway flux. The structure of the single DAH7PS expressed by N. meningitidis was determined at 2.0 Å resolution. In contrast to the other DAH7PS enzymes, which are inhibited only by a single aromatic amino acid, the N. meningitidis DAH7PS was inhibited by all three aromatic amino acids, showing greatest sensitivity to l‐Phe. An N. meningitidis enzyme variant, in which a single Ser residue at the bottom of the inhibitor‐binding cavity was substituted to Gly, altered inhibitor specificity from l‐Phe to l‐Tyr. Comparison of the crystal structures of both unbound and Tyr‐bound forms and the small angle X‐ray scattering profiles reveal that N. meningtidis DAH7PS undergoes no significant conformational change on inhibitor binding. These observations are consistent with an allosteric response arising from changes in protein motion rather than conformation, and suggest ligands that modulate protein dynamics may be effective inhibitors of this enzyme.
Conducting polymer based hybrid structure as transparent and flexible field electron emitter
Authors: Ghosh Debasish , Ghosh Pradip , Kalita Golap , Noda Takuto , Takahashi Chisato , Tanemura Masaki 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn efficient cathode material with high transparency (93%) based on conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been developed for the fabrication of highly transparent and flexible field electron emitters (FEE). This kind of material showed superior field emission (FE) performance with very high current density (10–3A/cm2) at very low electric field. The FE performance of the hybrid materials was dramatically improved compared to either SWCNTs and PEDOT:PSS. Thus the hybrid structures of conducting polymer and SWCNTs might be a good choice for use as a cathode material to enhance the FE performance and for potential application in future portable displays. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computational and experimental characterization of skin mechanics: identifying current challenges and future directions
Authors: Jor Jessica W.Y. , Parker Matthew D. , Taberner Andrew J. , Nash Martyn P. , Nielsen Poul M.F. 
Published: June 2013

The characterization of skin mechanics has many clinical implications and has been an active area of research for the past few decades. Biomechanical models have evolved from earlier empirical models to state‐of‐the‐art structural models that provide linkage between tissue microstructure and macroscopic stress–strain response. To maximize the accuracy and predictive capabilities of such computational models, there is a need to reliably identify often a large number of unknown model parameters. This is critically dependent on the availability of experimental data that cover an extensive range of different deformation modes, and quantification of internal structural features, such as collagen orientation. To this end, future challenges should include the ongoing development of noninvasive instrumentation and imaging modalities for in vivo skin measurements. We highlight the important concept of tightly integrating computational models, instrumentation, and imaging modalities into a single platform to investigate skin biomechanics. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:539–556. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1228This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
A conceptual framework for computational models of Achilles tendon homeostasis
Authors: Smith David W. , Rubenson Jonas , Lloyd David , Zheng Minghao , Fernandez Justin , Besier Thor , Xu Jiake , Gardiner Bruce S. 
Published: June 2013

Computational modeling of tendon lags the development of computational models for other tissues. A major bottleneck in the development of realistic computational models for Achilles tendon is the absence of detailed conceptual and theoretical models as to how the tissue actually functions. Without the conceptual models to provide a theoretical framework to guide the development and integration of multiscale computational models, modeling of the Achilles tendon to date has tended to be piecemeal and focused on specific mechanical or biochemical issues. In this paper, we present a new conceptual model of Achilles tendon tissue homeostasis, and discuss this model in terms of existing computational models of tendon. This approach has the benefits of structuring the research on relevant computational modeling to date, while allowing us to identify new computational models requiring development. The critically important functional issue for tendon is that it is continually damaged during use and so has to be repaired. From this follows the centrally important issue of homeostasis of the load carrying collagen fibrils within the collagen fibers of the Achilles tendon. Collagen fibrils may be damaged mechanically—by loading, or damaged biochemically—by proteases. Upon reviewing existing computational models within this conceptual framework of the Achilles tendon structure and function, we demonstrate that a great deal of theoretical and experimental research remains to be done before there are reliably predictive multiscale computational model of Achilles tendon in health and disease. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2013, 5:523–538. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1229This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Nicaraguan Surgical and Anesthesia Infrastructure: Survey of Ministry of Health Hospitals
Authors: Solis Carolina , León Pablo , Sanchez Nora , Burdic MacKenzie , Johnson Logan , Warren Hannah , Iddriss Adam , McQueen Kelly 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping countries have surgical and anesthesia needs that are unique and disparate compared to those of developed countries. However, the extent of these disparities and the specific country‐based needs are, for the most part, unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the surgical capacity of Nicaragua’s public hospitals as part of a multinational study.MethodsA survey adapted from the World Health Organization Tool for Situational Analysis to Assess Emergency and Essential Surgical care was used to study 28 primary, departmental, regional, and national referral hospitals within the Ministry of Health system. Data were obtained at the national and hospital levels via interviews with administrators and surgical and anesthesia chiefs of services.ResultsThere are 580 obstetrician/gynecologists (OB/GYN), 1,040 non‐OB/GYN surgeons, and 250 anesthesiologists in Nicaragua. Primary, departmental, regional, and national referral hospitals perform an annual average of 374, 4,610, 7,270, and 7,776 surgeries, respectively. All but six primary hospitals were able to perform surgeries. Four hospitals reported routine water shortages. Routine medication shortages were reported in 11 hospitals. Eight primary hospitals lacked blood banks on site. Of 28 hospitals, 22 reported visits from short‐term surgical brigades within the past 2 years. Measurement of surgical outcomes was inconsistent across hospitals.ConclusionsSurgical capacity varies by hospital type, with primary hospitals having the least surgical capacity and surgical volume. Departmental, regional, and national referral hospitals have adequate surgical capacity. Surgical subspecialty care appears to be insufficient, as evidenced by the large presence of NGOs and other surgical brigade teams filling this gap.
Chronic exposure to low mercury chloride concentration induces object recognition and aversive memories deficits in rats
Authors: Mello‐Carpes Pâmela B. , Barros Wellinghton , Borges Sidnei , Alves Niége , Rizzetti Danize , Peçanha Franck M. , Vassallo Dalton V. , Wiggers Giulia A. , Izquierdo Ivan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis work examines the effects of chronic exposure to low inorganic mercury (mercury chloride, HgCl2) concentration on the recognition and aversive memories. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups treated during 30 or 60 days with saline (control) or HgCl2 doses. After treated the animals were tested considering object recognition and inhibitory avoidance behavioral memory paradigms. Elevated plus maze, open field and tail flick tests were used to assess anxiety, locomotor and exploratory activity and pain thresholds. Only exposure for 60 days to HgCl2 induced in memory deficits quantified in the object recognition task. In the inhibitory avoidance all the animals exposed to mercury (for 30 or 60 days) presented worst performance than control animals. Our results suggest that chronic exposure to low mercury chloride concentrations impairs memory formation.
Faraday instability in floating liquid lenses: the spontaneous mutual adaptation due to radiation pressure
Authors: Pucci G. , Ben Amar M. , Couder Y. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFluid dynamics instabilities are usually investigated in two types of situations, either confined in cells with fixed boundaries, or free to grow in open space. In this article we study the Faraday instability triggered in a floating liquid lens. This is an intermediate situation in which a hydrodynamical instability develops in a domain with flexible boundaries. The instability is observed to be initially disordered with fluctuations of both the wave field and the lens boundaries. However, a slow dynamics takes place, leading to a mutual adaptation so that a steady regime is reached with a stable wave field in a stable lens contour. The most recurrent equilibrium lens shape is elongated with the Faraday wave vector along the main axis. In this self-organized situation an equilibrium is reached between the radiation pressure exerted by Faraday waves on the borders and their capillary response. The elongated shape is obtained theoretically as the exact solution of a Riccati equation with a unique control parameter and compared with the experiment.