bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using imputation and mixture model approaches to integrate multi‐state capture–recapture models with assignment information
Authors: Wen Zhi , Pollock Kenneth H. , Nichols James D. , Waser Peter M. , Cao Weihua 
Published: February 2014

SummaryIn this article, we first extend the superpopulation capture–recapture model to multiple states (locations or populations) for two age groups., Wen et al., (2011; 2013) developed a new approach combining capture–recapture data with population assignment information to estimate the relative contributions of in situ births and immigrants to the growth of a single study population. Here, we first generalize Wen et al., (2011; 2013) approach to a system composed of multiple study populations (multi‐state) with two age groups, where an imputation approach is employed to account for the uncertainty inherent in the population assignment information. Then we develop a different, individual‐level mixture model approach to integrate the individual‐level population assignment information with the capture–recapture data. Our simulation and real data analyses show that the fusion of population assignment information with capture–recapture data allows us to estimate the origination‐specific recruitment of new animals to the system and the dispersal process between populations within the system. Compared to a standard capture–recapture model, our new models improve the estimation of demographic parameters, including survival probability, origination‐specific entry probability, and especially the probability of movement between populations, yielding higher accuracy and precision.
The development and application of compassion‐focused therapy for eating disorders (CFT‐E)
Authors: Goss Kenneth , Allan Steven 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThis article outlines specific developments in compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) for the treatment of patients with an eating disorder.MethodsThe article provides a narrative review based on the existing literature and current practices ofCFTfor eating disorders (CFT‐E).ResultsThe role of shame, self‐criticism, self‐directed hostility, and difficulties in generating and experiencing affiliative emotion in patients with an eating disorder is highlighted. The article describes howCFT‐E uniquely addresses these issues and discusses the current evidence base forCFT‐E. It also provides an outline of recent and potential future developments inCFT‐E.ConclusionsCFT‐E offers a promising treatment for adult outpatients who present to specialist eating disorder services with restricting and binge/purging eating disorders. Recent developments include treatment protocols for patients who are low weight and have an eating disorder and for those presenting with obesity.Practitioner pointsCFT‐E is a group‐based treatment for adult outpatients with restricting or binge/purging eating disorders attending specialist services.CFT‐E has a specific protocol and interventions to address the biological, psychological, and social challenges of recovery from an eating disorder.CFT‐E specifically addresses the high levels of shame and self‐criticism commonly experienced by patients with an eating disorder.
A compassionate‐focused therapy group approach for acute inpatients: Feasibility, initial pilot outcome data, and recommendations
Authors: Heriot‐Maitland Charles , Vidal Joana B. , Ball Sarah , Irons Chris 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the feasibility of running and evaluating a compassion‐focused therapy (CFT) group adapted for acute inpatient settings, characterized by unpredictable lengths of admission, presentations, and diagnoses.Design and methodsThis pilot project used a mixed methods design to assess the impact of offering CFT‐informed group sessions on an acute inpatient unit. Pre‐ and post‐session ratings of distress and calmness, and ratings of understanding and helpfulness, were gathered from participants over a 6‐month period. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with four participants to gather their experience of the group.ResultsFifty‐seven complete sets of rating measures were generated from 82 participants recruited for the study (attrition rate 30%), from a total pool of 93 inpatients attending group sessions. Pre‐ to post‐CFT session data highlighted a significant decrease in distress ratings and a significant increase in calmness ratings. A thematic analysis of four interviews identified themes relating to understanding compassion, experience of positive affect, and the experience of common humanity.ConclusionsThis is the first attempt to explore the effects of a CFT‐informed approach in acute mental health settings. These groups were well received by staff and patients, with some therapeutic impact despite being comparatively short and set against the background of a busy inpatient ward. These groups can be open and transdiagnostic, with stand‐alone topics and practices having positive impacts on distress and calmness. Future studies need to focus on adapting content and pacing for this group of people based on ongoing feedback from participants.Practitioner points

CFT groups incorporating psychoeducation and compassion practices appear to be understandable and helpful to inpatients in acute mental health settings.

CFT acute inpatient groups can be structured as open and transdiagnostic, with stand‐alone sessions, to accommodate the varied nature of acute admissions.

Group topics informed by CFT – particularly the use of compassionate focusing and imagery – may reduce distress and increase calmness among inpatients.

A limitation of this pilot study is that it did not use standardized outcome measures. Moreover, as this was a feasibility study, there was no control group.
Retracted: A meta‐analysis and theoretical critique of oxytocin and psychosis: Prospects for attachment and compassion in promoting recovery
Authors: Gumley Andrew , Braehler Christine , Macbeth Angus 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThere is now considerable evidence that affiliative processes are linked to oxytocin (OXT), which is linked to a range of social‐cognition competences underpinning interpersonal functioning. There is evidence thatOXTcircuitry is involved in psychosis and emerging evidence forOXTin treatment. Therefore, this study explored studies investigatingOXTand improvements in symptoms and social cognition among individuals diagnosed with psychosis.MethodWe conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials investigatingOXTand psychosis. Specifically we asked, (1) what is the evidence thatOXTis associated with improved overall, positive, negative and general symptoms and (2) what is the evidence thatOXTis associated with improved social cognition?ResultsThere were seven randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion criteria for this review. We conducted an exploratory meta‐analysis of data from four of these studies on a total sample size ofn = 105. For overall symptoms, using a random‐effects modelOXTversus placebo was associated with an effect size ofd = 0.52 (95% CI = 0.34–0.70;z = 5.66;p < .01). There was evidence of significant heterogeneity (Q = 96.4,p < .001;I2 = 96.5%). Similar patterns of findings were observed for positive, negative, and general symptoms. We found significant evidence of high risk of bias across all studies. We also identified that one particular study had an undue effect on overall effect size estimates. Finally, evidence regarding OXT was linked to improved social cognition was inconsistent.ConclusionsThere are significant problems in interpreting the current evidence base forOXTin psychosis. However,OXTmay provide a useful biomarker for exploring mechanisms of change occurring in psychological therapies including compassion‐focused therapy (CFT), which through its engagement of the attachment system may directly influenceOXT.Practitioner pointsPositive clinical implicationsPractitioners should consider the attachment and/or interpersonal context of both psychological and pharmacological therapies.There may be a specific roleCFTin fostering social cognition and mentalization as a context for emotional and psychiatric recovery.Future clinical trials ofCFTin psychosis could consider mapping changes in social cognition onto changes inOXTthereby linking important domains of emotional and social recovery to underlying and salient neurophysiological systems.LimitationsSmall number of studies included in the review.Not possible to determine mechanisms of change in trials of OXT.
The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: February 2014

Compassion focused therapy (CFT) is rooted in an evolutionary, functional analysis of basic social motivational systems (e.g., to live in groups, form hierarchies and ranks, seek out sexual, partners help and share with alliances, and care for kin) and different functional emotional systems (e.g., to respond to threats, seek out resources, and for states of contentment/safeness). In addition, about 2 million years ago, (pre‐)humans began to evolve a range of cognitive competencies for reasoning, reflection, anticipating, imagining, mentalizing, and creating a socially contextualized sense of self. These new competencies can cause major difficulties in the organization of (older) motivation and emotional systems.CFTsuggests that our evolved brain is therefore potentially problematic because of its basic ‘design,’ being easily triggered into destructive behaviours and mental health problems (called ‘tricky brain’). However, mammals and especially humans have also evolved motives and emotions for affiliative, caring and altruistic behaviour that can organize our brain in such a way as to significantly offset our destructive potentials.CFTtherefore highlights the importance of developing people's capacity to (mindfully) access, tolerate, and direct affiliative motives and emotions, for themselves and others, and cultivate inner compassion as a way for organizing our human ‘tricky brain’ in prosocial and mentally healthy ways.Practitioner pointsThe human brain is highly evolved for social processing and these mechanisms are being increasingly well understood and integrated into psychotherapy.Among the most central processes that regulate emotion and sense of self are those linked to social roles such as status, sense of belonging and affiliation, and caring.Many psychological difficulties are rooted in social relational problems especially in feeling cared for by others, having a caring interest in others, and having a caring, affiliative orientation to oneself.Helping clients in these domains can address problems of moods, problematic behaviour and a range of shame and self‐critical linked difficulties.
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) promotes tumour cell migration and invasion via epigenetic repression of E‐cadherin in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Li , Xu Zhibing , Zhong Lei , Wang Hang , Jiang Shuai , Long Qilai , Xu Jiejie , Guo Jianming 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism and clinical significance for an oncogenic role of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry analyses of EZH2, histone H3 trimethyl Lys27 (H3K27me3) and E‐cadherin were performed in tumour tissue samples from 257 patients with RCC. Regulatory effects of EZH2 on E‐cadherin expression were examined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and immunohistochemical staining. Migration and invasion assays were performed in RCC cell lines. Tumour xenograft experiments with RCC cells were carried out in nude mice.ResultsEZH2 promoted migration and invasion in RCC cell lines. Silencing EZH2 with short‐hairpin EZH2 (shEZH2) or 3‐deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) inhibited migration and invasion (P < 0.001), up‐regulated the expression of E‐cadherin in vitro, inhibited tumour growth, and prolonged survival in vivo (P = 0.022). EZH2 expression accompanied with E‐cadherin repression was associated with advanced disease stage (P = 0.004) and poor overall (P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (P < 0.001).ConclusionEZH2 may contribute to RCC progression and is a potential therapeutic target for advanced RCC.
Augmented‐reality‐based skills training for robot‐assisted urethrovesical anastomosis: a multi‐institutional randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chowriappa Ashirwad , Raza Syed Johar , Fazili Anees , Field Erinn , Malito Chelsea , Samarasekera Dinesh , Shi Yi , Ahmed Kamran , Wilding Gregory , Kaouk Jihad , Eun Daniel D. , Ghazi Ahmed , Peabody James O. , Kesavadas Thenkurussi , Mohler James L. , Guru Khurshid A. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo validate robot‐assisted surgery skills acquisition using an augmented reality (AR)‐based module for urethrovesical anastomosis (UVA).MethodsParticipants at three institutions were randomised to a Hands‐on Surgical Training (HoST) technology group or a control group. The HoST group was given procedure‐based training for UVA within the haptic‐enabled AR‐based HoST environment. The control group did not receive any training. After completing the task, the control group was offered to cross over to the HoST group (cross‐over group). A questionnaire administered after HoST determined the feasibility and acceptability of the technology. Performance of UVA using an inanimate model on the daVinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) was assessed using a UVA evaluation score and a Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) score. Participants completed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA TLX) questionnaire for cognitive assessment, as outcome measures. A Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to compare outcomes among the groups (HoST group vs control group and control group vs cross‐over group).ResultsA total of 52 individuals participated in the study. UVA evaluation scores showed significant differences in needle driving (3.0 vs 2.3; P = 0.042), needle positioning (3.0 vs 2.4; P = 0.033) and suture placement (3.4 vs 2.6; P = 0.014) in the HoST vs the control group. The HoST group obtained significantly higher scores (14.4 vs 11.9; P 0.012) on the GEARS. The NASA TLX indicated lower temporal demand and effort in the HoST group (5.9 vs 9.3; P = 0.001 and 5.8 vs 11.9; P = 0.035, respectively). In all, 70% of participants found that HoST was similar to the real surgical procedure, and 75% believed that HoST could improve confidence for carrying out the real intervention.ConclusionTraining in UVA in an AR environment improves technical skill acquisition with minimal cognitive demand.
Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: combining the best of retropubic and perineal approaches
Authors: Lim Sey Kiat , Kim Kwang Hyun , Shin Tae‐Young , Han Woong Kyu , Chung Byung Ha , Hong Sung Joon , Choi Young Deuk , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the early peri‐operative, oncological and continence outcomes of Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) with those of conventional RALP.Materials and MethodsData from 50 patients who underwent Retzius‐sparing RALP and who had at least 6 months of follow‐up were prospectively collected and compared with a database of patients who underwent conventional RALP. Propensity‐score matching was performed using seven preoperative variables, and postoperative variables were compared between the groups.ResultsA total of 581 patients who had undergone RALP were evaluated in the present study. Although preoperative characteristics were different before propensity‐score matching, these differences were resolved after matching. There were no significant differences in mean length of hospital stay, estimated blood loss, intra‐ and postoperative complication rates, pathological stage of disease, Gleason scores, tumour volumes and positive surgical margins between the conventional RALP and Retzius‐sparing RALP groups. Console time was shorter for Retzius‐sparing RALP. Recovery of early continence (defined as 0 pads used) at 4 weeks after RALP was significantly better in the Retzius‐sparing RALP group than in the conventional RALP group.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that Retzius‐sparing RALP, although technically more demanding, was as feasible and effective as conventional RALP, and also led to a shorter operating time and faster recovery of early continence. Retzius‐sparing RALP was also reproducible and achievable in all cases.
Geology and tectonics of Neoproterozoic salt diapirs and salt sheets in the eastern Willouran Ranges, South Australia
Authors: Hearon Thomas E. , Rowan Mark G. , Lawton Timothy F. , Hannah Patrick T. , Giles Katherine A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAllochthonous salt structures and associated primary and secondary minibasins are exposed in Neoproterozoic strata of the eastern Willouran Ranges, South Australia. Detailed geologic mapping using high‐quality airborne hyperspectral remote‐sensing data and satellite imagery, combined with a qualitative structural restoration, are used to elucidate the evolution of this complex, long‐lived (>250 Myr) salt system. Field observations and interpretations at a resolution unobtainable from seismic or well data provide a means to test published models of allochthonous salt emplacement and associated salt‐sediment interaction derived from subsurface data in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Salt diapirs and sheets are represented by megabreccias of nonevaporite lithologies that were originally interbedded with evaporites that have been dissolved and/or altered. Passive diapirism began shortly after deposition of the Callanna Group layered evaporite sequence. A primary basin containing an expulsion‐rollover structure and megaflap is flanked by two vertical diapirs. Salt flowed laterally from the diapirs to form a complex, multi‐level canopy, now partly welded, containing an encapsulated minibasin and capped by suprasalt basins. Salt and minibasin geometries were modified during the Late Cambrian–Ordovician Delamerian Orogeny (ca. 500 Ma). Small‐scale structures such as subsalt shear zones, fractured or mixed ‘rubble zones’ and thrust imbricates are absent beneath allochthonous salt and welds in the eastern Willouran Ranges. Instead, either undeformed strata or halokinetic drape folds that include preserved diapir roof strata are found directly below the transition from steep diapirs to salt sheets. Allochthonous salt first broke through the diapir roofs and then flowed laterally, resulting in variable preservation of the subsalt drape folds. Lateral salt emplacement was presumably on roof‐edge thrusts or, because of the shallow depositional environment, via open‐toed advance or extrusive advance, but without associated subsalt deformation.
Deproteinated bovine bone vs. beta‐tricalcium phosphate as bone graft substitutes: histomorphometric longitudinal study in the rabbit cranial vault
Authors: Martinez Arturo , Balboa Oscar , Gasamans Iria , Otero‐Cepeda Xose Luis , Guitian Francisco 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis article aims to study differences in the bone formation and the graft resorption of two bone graft substitutes (BGS). Besides, it is our attempt to observe possible qualitative and quantitative differences in the bone reparation of the outer layer covered by collagen membrane and the uncovered inner layer in close contact with dura mater.Material and methodsTwelve rabbits were employed. Deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (BTCP) were used asBGS. Four subcritical round defects (7 mm) were drilled in the cranial vault, removing both cortical walls. One of the holes was filled withDBB, and other was filled withBTCP. Each symmetrical position toDBBandBTCPwas left empty. The whole defect set was covered with a collagen membrane. Histological and morphometric analysis was performed for 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 52 weeks. Morphometry measurements were carried out taking into account the whole defect and splitting inner and outer areas.ResultsInDBBsites, a rapid bone growth is observed, linking the remaining particles and integrating them into the bone matrix. Permanence of theseDBBparticles from week 16 onwards restrains the growth of bone fraction. A greater bone growth appears in areas repaired withBTCPthan in those repaired withDBB, both in the outer layer (under‐membrane) and the inner layer (over dura mater). InDBBsites, a slower growth is observed in the inner layer, with no significant differences in the final bone fraction at both strata.ConclusionsBoth materials favour the closure of the defects provoked. In both cases, a synergistic effect with the collagen membrane is observed.DBBremains integrated in the bone matrix, whileBTCPdisplays a pattern of highly developed progressive resorption with an outstanding bone fraction development.
Incidence of and risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia in treated type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the UK – a nested case–control analysis
Authors: Bruderer S. G. , Bodmer M. , Jick S. S. , Bader G. , Schlienger R. G. , Meier C. R. 
Published: February 2014

AimsTo assess incidence rates (IRs) of and identify risk factors for incident severe hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes newly treated with antidiabetic drugs.MethodsUsing the UK‐based General Practice Research Database, we performed a retrospective cohort study between 1994 and 2011 and a nested case–control analysis. Ten controls from the population at risk were matched to each case with a recorded severe hypoglycaemia during follow‐up on general practice, years of history in the database and calendar time. Using multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses, we adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsOf 130 761 patients with newly treated type 2 diabetes (mean age 61.7 ± 13.0 years), 690 (0.5%) had an incident episode of severe hypoglycaemia recorded [estimated IR 11.97 (95% confidence interval, CI, 11.11–12.90) per 10 000 person‐years (PYs)]. The IR was markedly higher in insulin users [49.64 (95% CI, 44.08–55.89) per 10 000 PYs] than in patients not using insulin [8.03 (95% CI, 7.30–8.84) per 10 000 PYs]. Based on results of the nested case–control analysis increasing age [≥75 vs. 20–59 years; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 2.27; 95% CI, 1.65–3.12], cognitive impairment/dementia (adjusted OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.37–2.91), renal failure (adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.04–1.71), current use of sulphonylureas (adjusted OR, 4.45; 95% CI, 3.53–5.60) and current insulin use (adjusted OR, 11.83; 95% CI, 9.00–15.54) were all associated with an increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia.ConclusionsSevere hypoglycaemia was recorded in 12 cases per 10 000 PYs. Risk factors for severe hypoglycaemia included increasing age, renal failure, cognitive impairment/dementia, and current use of insulin or sulphonylureas.