bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership Sustainability
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Smallwood Norm 
Published: September 2013

AbstractToday's leaders require leadership sustainability, the ability to make personal improvements stick over the long term. Ulrich and Smallwood contend that leaders fail at the stage of implementation, even after enthusiastically embracing coaching, learning, and other performance improvement efforts. The challenge, they write, “is how to turn these events into an ongoing pattern.” Their research found seven principles driving sustainability: simplicity, time, accountability, resources, tracking, melioration (“a new term for a whole complex of actions and attitudes designed to make things better”), and emotion. They also list more than 20 crucial books on such subjects as change, influence, and self‐discipline.
Dream On
Authors: Malham Howell J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMalham makes a bold assertion about concepts such as vision, imagination, and innovation: “If a vision is a vision about something that's possible, given the existing technology and know‐how, then it's not really a vision at all.” He challenges leaders to employ strategic imagination, including these five rules: (1) stop with the data; (2) game out failure; (3) dream your narrative; (4) don't just think the unthinkable, speak it; and (5) muster true belief. “When we imagine strategically,” he writes, “we doubt. Doubting leads to inquiry, and inquiry leads to the truth.”
Judging Others Has Not Worked … So Let's Join Them
Authors: Katz Judith H. , Miller Frederick A. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWithin organizations, there is a crucial distinction between judging others and joining them. Katz and Miller contend when we are instinctively wary of others it “slows us down in a world that demands speed.” When in joining mode, you gain more and faster collaboration, better acceptance of others, the exploration of ideas, and the cultivation of curiosity. Leaders can listen as allies with others, pay attention to their perspectives, and be self‐aware of the times when they are in judging mode. “Judging others,” the authors write, “creates waste in our interactions at a time when organizations have little tolerance for waste.”
Using single transients on the performance analysis of electrochemical noise amplifiers
Authors: Bierwirth M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe acquisition of electrochemical noise is always connected with the question of appropriate measuring devices. The noise measurement system shall allow to process the apparent fluctuations in an electrochemical cell in the low millivolt or microampere range and to record them without any changes. The measurement amplifier is an essential part of the measurement system, but its behavior in the chain of signal processing is difficult to define by a corrosion expert. The present article shows possibilities for the determination of the performance of a noise measurement amplifier. A dummy cell model is often used to get a realistic approach to the sources of electrochemical noise. This article introduces a model describing the generation of single transients from the basic electrochemical corrosion reactions. The model determines fluctuations in the potential which can be measured as voltage fluctuations on a real dummy cell circuit. With the help of a special arbitrary signal generator, artificial noise transients based on this description are applied to a commercial noise measurement system. The acquired signals are compared with the original signals from the signal source and the influences of the noise amplifier on the signals are discussed.
The effect of passive layer stability on electrochemical noise signals arising from pitting corrosion of stainless steels
Authors: Klapper H. S. , Heyn A. , Burkert A. , Goellner J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractElectrochemical noise (EN) enables corrosion research and monitoring in real time and with high sensitivity. In the case of submicroscopic nucleation events of pitting corrosion it has been observed that the cathodic process plays a decisive role in the mechanism as well as in the origin of EN signals, which depend not only on the metallic dissolution reaction but also on the electron‐consuming process. EN signals arising from the nucleation process of localized corrosion on stainless steels can only be recorded due to the inhibition effect on the cathodic process achieved by the spontaneous formation of the passive layer. In consequence, passive layer stability becomes a significant factor in influencing EN signals. The way in which the passive layer stability affects the acquisition and analysis of EN signals arising from pitting corrosion on stainless steels is discussed in detail.
Hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation during degradation of chloromethane by methylotrophic bacteria
Authors: Nadalig Thierry , Greule Markus , Bringel Françoise , Vuilleumier Stéphane , Keppler Frank 
Published: September 2013

AbstractChloromethane (CH3Cl) is a widely studied volatile halocarbon involved in the destruction of ozone in the stratosphere. Nevertheless, its global budget still remains debated. Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool to constrain fluxes of chloromethane between various environmental compartments which involve a multiplicity of sources and sinks, and both biotic and abiotic processes. In this study, we measured hydrogen and carbon isotope fractionation of the remaining untransformed chloromethane following its degradation by methylotrophic bacterial strains Methylobacterium extorquens CM4 and Hyphomicrobium sp. MC1, which belong to different genera but both use the cmu pathway, the only pathway for bacterial degradation of chloromethane characterized so far. Hydrogen isotope fractionation for degradation of chloromethane was determined for the first time, and yielded enrichment factors (ε) of −29‰ and −27‰ for strains CM4 and MC1, respectively. In agreement with previous studies, enrichment in 13C of untransformed CH3Cl was also observed, and similar isotope enrichment factors (ε) of −41‰ and −38‰ were obtained for degradation of chloromethane by strains CM4 and MC1, respectively. These combined hydrogen and carbon isotopic data for bacterial degradation of chloromethane will contribute to refine models of the global atmospheric budget of chloromethane.
Cancer cell‐derived lymphotoxin mediates reciprocal tumour–stromal interactions in human ovarian cancer by inducing CXCL11 in fibroblasts
Authors: Lau Tat‐San , Chung Tony Kwok‐Hung , Cheung Tak‐Hong , Chan Loucia Kit‐Ying , Cheung Leonard Wing‐Hong , Yim So‐Fan , Siu Nelson Shing‐Shun , Lo Kwok‐Wai , Yu May Mei‐Yung , Kulbe Hagen , Balkwill Frances R , Kwong Joseph 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the role of cytokine lymphotoxin in tumour–stromal interactions in human ovarian cancer. We found that lymphotoxin overexpression is commonly shared by the cancer cells of various ovarian cancer subtypes, and lymphotoxin‐beta receptor (LTBR) is expressed ubiquitously in both the cancer cells and cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). In monoculture, we showed that ovarian cancer cells are not the major lymphotoxin‐responsive cells. On the other hand, our co‐culture studies demonstrated that the cancer cell‐derived lymphotoxin induces chemokine expression in stromal fibroblasts through LTBR–NF‐κB signalling. Amongst the chemokines being produced, we found that fibroblast‐secreted CXCL11 promotes proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells via the chemokine receptor CXCR3. CXCL11 is highly expressed in CAFs in ovarian cancer biopsies, while CXCR3 is found in malignant cells in primary ovarian tumours. Additionally, the overexpression of CXCR3 is significantly associated with the tumour grade and lymph node metastasis of ovarian cancer, further supporting the role of CXCR3, which interacts with CXCL11, in promoting growth and metastasis of human ovarian cancer. Taken together, these results demonstrated that cancer‐cell‐derived lymphotoxin mediates reciprocal tumour–stromal interactions in human ovarian cancer by inducing CXCL11 in fibroblasts. Our findings suggest that lymphotoxin–LTBR and CXCL11–CXCR3 signalling represent therapeutic targets in ovarian cancer. Copyright © 2013 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin degludec (Tresiba): new ultra long‐acting basal insulin
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Joseph Frank 
Published: September 2013

AbstractInsulin degludec is a new long‐acting insulin for use in type 1 and 2 diabetes. In our New products review, Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse events, and Dr Frank Joseph discusses its place in diabetes treatment compared with other longacting insulins.
A simplified model for analysis of high‐rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers
Authors: Deng Kailai , Pan Peng , Lam Alexandre , Xue Yantao 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYA simplified model is developed to estimate the seismic response of high‐rise buildings equipped with hysteresis damped outriggers. In the simplified model, the core tube is considered as a cantilever beam, and the effects of outriggers on the core tube are considered as concentrated moments. Modal decomposition method is adopted to obtain the seismic response of the simplified model. To investigate the accuracy and effectiveness of the simplified model, a high‐rise building with a height of 160 m was adopted as the example structure, and its response subjected to a ground motion was analyzed using the simplified model. A corresponding finite element model was built and analyzed by a finite element program called SAP2000 (Computers and Structures, Inc. Berkeley, California, United States). The analysis results obtained from the two models were compared. To consider the randomness of the ground motion, comparisons between the two models were further conducted using another 22 ground motions. It is found that the analysis results obtained from the simplified model agree well with those obtained from the finite element model, and the computation time used for the simplified model is almost negligible compared to that used for the finite element model. Such observations demonstrate that the simplified model is accurate and effective. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of live‐trapping and noninvasive genetic sampling to assess patch occupancy by New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) rabbits
Authors: Kilpatrick Howard J. , Goodie Travis J. , Kovach Adrienne I. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe New England cottontail (Sylvilagus transitionalis) is a species of high conservation priority in the northeastern United States and a candidate for federal listing under the Endangered Species Act. Eastern cottontails are abundantly distributed and similar in appearance to New England cottontails. Our objective was to compare cost, effort, and effectiveness of live‐trapping and noninvasive genetic monitoring for assessing patch occupancy by New England cottontail. We collected 113 tissue samples and 240 fecal pellets samples for diagnostic genetic testing to detect species presence and assess the proportion of samples consisted of New England and eastern cottontail on 5 study sites in Connecticut in 2008 and 2009. Both methods detected presence of New England cottontail at 4 of 5 sites. Overall proportion of DNA samples consisted of New England cottontail was similar between sampling methods (χ2 = 0.189, P = 0.664). However, species composition on individual sites was inconsistent between methods and no clear pattern of bias was discernible. Mean cost per DNA sample to collect and analyze was US$433 for tissue samples and US$33 for fecal pellets. Samples collected per person‐day of effort were 40 for fecal samples and 0.7 for tissue samples. Genetic monitoring via noninvasive fecal sampling was a low‐cost, time‐efficient method for assessing species occupancy, but development of an optimal sampling strategy is needed to evaluate composition and distributions of species on sympatrically occupied sites. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Two Aromatic Ester Organoimido Derivatives of Hexa­molybdate: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: Wang Manxiang , Wang Dafei , Xu Huanhuan , Hao Jian , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTwo alkylimido derivatives of hexamolybdate, (Bu4N)2[Mo6O18(≡N‐o‐COOCH3C6H4)] (1) and (Bu4N)2[Mo6O18(≡N‐o‐COOCH2CH3C6H4)] (2), were synthesized in high purity and good yields by the reaction of [(C4H9)4N]4[α‐Mo8O26] and methyl anthranilate or ethyl‐o‐aminobenzoate hydrochloride with N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent in dry acetonitrile solution, which were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV/Vis, and 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as ESI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with one‐dimensional chain structure via intramolecular hydrogen bond. Compound 2 also crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with dimer structure by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the pairs of cluster anions.
Two‐step Synthesis of MoS2 Nanotubes using Shock Waves with Lead as Growth Promoter
Authors: Brontvein Olga , Jayaram Vishakantaiah , Reddy K. P. J. , Gordon Jeffrey M. , Tenne Reshef 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA new two‐step procedure for the synthesis of MoS2 nanotubes using lead as a growth promoter is reported. In the first step, molybdenum suboxide nanowhiskers containing a small amount of lead atoms were created by exposing a pressed MoS2+Pb mixture to highly compressed shock‐heated argon gas, with estimated temperatures exceeding 9900 K. In the second step, these molybdenum suboxide nanowhiskers served as templates for the sulfidization of the oxide into MoS2 nanotubes (by using H2S gas in a reducing atmosphere at 820 °C). Unlike the case of WS2 nanotubes, the synthesis of a pure phase of MoS2 nanotubes from molybdenum oxide has proven challenging, due mostly to the volatile nature of the latter at the high requisite reaction temperatures (>800 °C). In contrast, the nature and apparent reaction mechanism of the method reported herein are amenable to future scale‐up. The high‐temperature shockwave system should also facilitate the synthesis of new nanostructures from other layered materials.
Exporting Poor Health: The Irish in England
Authors: Delaney Liam , Fernihough Alan , Smith James P. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In the twentieth century, the Irish-born population in England has typically been in worse health than both the native population and the Irish population in Ireland, a reversal of the commonly observed healthy migrant effect. Recent birth cohorts living in England and born in Ireland, however, are healthier than the English population. The substantial Irish migrant health penalty arises principally for cohorts born between 1920 and 1960. In this article, we attempt to understand the processes that generated these changing migrant health patterns for Irish migrants to England. Our results suggest a strong role for economic selection in driving the dynamics of health differences between Irish-born migrants and white English populations.
Preliminary investigation of the influence of long-term dietary isoflavone intake on puberty onset and oestrous cycles in domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Whitehouse-Tedd Katherine M. , Cave Nicholas J. , Ugarte Claudia E. , Thomas David G. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryGenistein and daidzein are isoflavones which are reported to influence the reproductive system in a variety of mammalian species. This pilot study aimed to determine if dietary isoflavones could potentially influence reproductive parameters in domestic cats, when consumed during the postnatal development period. Cats (n = 12) were maintained on either a treatment (150 µg/g DM genistein and 150 µg/g DM daidzein, n = 4) or control (isoflavone free, n = 8) diet from weaning, up to 414 (±17.2) days post-weaning. Vaginal smears were taken thrice weekly and examined for oestrogen-induced cellular degradation in all cats. Behavioural indicators of oestrous were routinely scored for the presence or absence of six key behaviours. Genistein and daidzein did not alter puberty onset or oestrous cycle parameters in these cats (P > 0.05). Behavioural scores were higher in cats in the treatment group than control. Incidence of apparent spontaneous ovulation (inferred from extended inter-oestrous periods) was greater in treated cats than control cats, although serum hormone profiles were not available to confirm this observation. Further testing is warranted.
Wall pressure coherence in supersonic turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Di Marco A. , Camussi R. , Bernardini M. , Pirozzoli S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA numerical database (Bernardini & Pirozzoli, Phys. Fluids, vol. 23, 2011, 085102) is analysed to investigate cross-statistics of wall-pressure fluctuations induced by supersonic turbulent boundary layers developing over a rigid smooth wall without a pressure gradient. The Mach number spans from 2 to 4 and a relatively large range of Reynolds numbers is considered. It is shown, for the first time, that the cross-statistics of wall-pressure fluctuations at such high Mach numbers is very similar to that usually observed in incompressible flow conditions. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that theoretical predictions provided by the well-known Corcos and Efimtsov models continue to apply.
The impact of distinct culture media inLeishmania infantumbiology and infectivity
Authors: SANTARÉM NUNO , CUNHA JOANA , SILVESTRE RICARDO , SILVA CÁTIA , MOREIRA DIANA , OUELLETTE MARC , CORDEIRO-DA-SILVA ANABELA 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYAn ideal culture medium forLeishmaniapromastigotes should retain the basic characteristics of promastigotes found in sandflies (morphology and infectivity). Furthermore, the media should not create a bias in experimental settings, thus enabling the proper extrapolation of results. To assess this we studied several established media for promastigote growth. We analysed morphology, viability, cell cycle progression, metacyclic profile, capacity to differentiate into axenic amastigotes and infectivity. Furthermore, using a rational approach from the evaluated media we developed a simple serum-free medium (cRPMI). We report that parasites growing in different media present different biological characteristics and distinctin vitroandin vivoinfectivities. The developed medium, cRPMI, proved to be a less expensive substitute for traditional serum-supplemented media for thein vitromaintenance of promastigotes. In fact, cRPMI is ideal for the maintenance of parasites in the laboratory, diminishing the expected loss of virulence over time typical of the parasite cultivation. Ultimately this report is a clear warning that the normalization of culture media should be a real concern in the field as media-specific phenomena are sufficient to induce biological bias with consequences in infectivity and general parasite biology.
A meta-analysis of neuropsychological markers of vulnerability to suicidal behavior in mood disorders
Authors: Richard-Devantoy S. , Berlim M. T. , Jollant F. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundSuicidal behavior results from a complex interplay between stressful events and vulnerability factors, including cognitive deficits. However, it is not clear which cognitive tests may best reveal this vulnerability. The objective was to identify neuropsychological tests of vulnerability to suicidal acts in patients with mood disorders.MethodA search was made of Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases, and article references. A total of 25 studies (2323 participants) met the selection criteria. A total of seven neuropsychological tests [Iowa gambling task (IGT), Stroop test, trail making test part B, Wisconsin card sorting test, category and semantic verbal fluencies, and continuous performance test] were used in at least three studies to be analysed.ResultsIGT and category verbal fluency performances were lower in suicide attempters than in patient controls [respectively,g = –0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) –0.65 to –0.29 andg = –0.32, 95% CI –0.60 to –0.04] and healthy controls, with no difference between the last two groups. Stroop performance was lower in suicide attempters than in patient controls (g = 0.37, 95% CI 0.10–0.63) and healthy controls, with patient controls scoring lower than healthy controls. The four other tests were altered in both patient groupsversushealthy controls but did not differ between patient groups.ConclusionsDeficits in decision-making, category verbal fluency and the Stroop interference test were associated with histories of suicidal behavior in patients with mood disorders. Altered value-based and cognitive control processes may be important factors of suicidal vulnerability. These tests may also have the potential of guiding therapeutic interventions and becoming part of future systematic assessment of suicide risk.
A village-based multidisciplinary study on factors affecting the intensity of cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of the Tibetan plateau, China
Authors: HU H. H. , WU W. P. , GUAN Y. Y. , WANG L. Y. , WANG Q. , CAI H. X. , HUANG Y. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYWe investigated and quantified the factors which may affect the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus in Rangtang County using a multidisciplinary approach. From a previously performed field survey, epidemiological data were linked with environmental data. Altitude and land surface temperature were extracted from remote-sensing images. Cumulative logistic regression models were used to identify and quantify the potential risk factors. The multiple regression models confirmed that yaks (χ2 = 4·0447, P = 0·0443), dogs (χ2 = 8·3455, P = 0·0039) and altitude (χ2 = 7·6223, P = 0·0058) were positively correlated with the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis, while land surface temperature may have a negative association. The findings showed that dogs and yaks play the most important role in the transmission of cystic echinococcosis, while altitude and land surface temperature may also be involved in the transmission.
The association of weather and bathing water quality on the incidence of gastrointestinal illness in the west of Scotland
Authors: EZE J. I. , SCOTT E. M. , POLLOCK K. G. , STIDSON R. , MILLER C. A. , LEE D. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYThe associations with weather and bathing water quality on infectious intestinal disease (IID) were investigated using data from two Scottish NHS Board areas. Monthly counts of viral and non-viral gastrointestinal infections were modelled as a smooth function of temperature, relative humidity and average monthly counts of faecal indicator organisms, respectively, adjusting for season and long-term trend effects. Strong seasonal patterns were observed for each group of pathogens. Peak viral gastrointestinal infection was in May while that of non-viral gastrointestinal infections was in July. A statistically significant negative association existed between weather (temperature and humidity) and viral infection. Average levels of non-viral gastrointestinal infections increased as temperature and relative humidity increased. Increasing levels of faecal indicator organisms in bathing waters were also associated with an increase in the average number of viral and non-viral gastrointestinal infections at the ecological level. Future climate change and prolonged precipitation events may result in increasing levels of faecal indicator organisms in bathing waters leading to likely increases in IIDs.