bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and Reactivity of Lipid Hydroperoxides in Biological Systems
Authors: Girotti Albert W. , Korytowski Witold 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNumerous reviews have been published about the structural/functional damage caused by peroxidation of unsaturated lipids (phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol) in model membranes, cellular membranes, and lipoproteins. Less attention has been given to hydroperoxide species (LOOHs), which arise as intermediates of free radical‐mediated (chain) peroxidation or by direct ene‐addition of singlet molecular oxygen. This chapter focuses on nonenzymatic LOOH formation and on LOOH reactivity in biological systems, including cell membranes and lipoproteins. Specialized techniques for analyzing these processes are described. Two competing LOOH reaction pathways are discussed in detail: (i) iron‐catalyzed one‐electron reduction to oxyl radicals (LO•), which expand chain peroxidation, and (ii) enzyme‐catalyzed two‐electron reduction to alcohols (LOH), which inhibits further chain propagation. In addition to these competing fates, LOOHs can undergo spontaneous or protein‐assisted translocation between membranes, lipoproteins, and membranes and lipoproteins, a more recently recognized phenomenon. Intracellular LOOH transfer could result in damage/toxicity enhancement or abatement, depending on prooxidant vs. antioxidant availability. We also discuss a novel, but still poorly understood response to LOOH trafficking, namely, activation of redox signaling pathways. We postulate that LOOHs, unlike the better known signaling molecule, H2O2, will be targeted to relatively hydrophobic “sensor” sites and that these sites are distinct from those targeted by H2O2. Thus, the authors' intent in preparing this chapter was to discuss not only the well‐established chemistry of LOOH generation and turnover, but also LOOH involvement in signal transduction, the importance of which in the field of redox signaling is only beginning to be appreciated.
High‐Mobility Air‐Stable Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Copolymer Containing Extended π‐Conjugation for n‐Channel Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Ran , Amegadze Paul S. K. , Kang Il , Yun Hui‐Jun , Noh Yong‐Young , Kwon Soon‐Ki , Kim Yun‐Hi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA high‐performance naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based conjugated polymer for use as the active layer of n‐channel organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is reported. The solution‐processable n‐channel polymer is systematically designed and synthesized with an alternating structure of long alkyl substituted‐NDI and thienylene–vinylene–thienylene units (PNDI‐TVT). The material has a well‐controlled molecular structure with an extended π‐conjugated backbone, with no increase in the LUMO level, achieving a high mobility and highly ambient stable n‐type OFET. The top‐gate, bottom‐contact device shows remarkably high electron charge‐carrier mobility of up to 1.8 cm2 V−1 s−1 (Ion/Ioff = 106) with the commonly used polymer dielectric, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Moreover, PNDI‐TVT OFETs exhibit excellent air and operation stability. Such high device performance is attributed to improved π–π intermolecular interactions owing to the extended π‐conjugation, apart from the improved crystallinity and highly interdigitated lamellar structure caused by the extended π–π backbone and long alkyl groups.
Hotel housekeeping work influences on hypertension management
Authors: Sanon Marie‐Anne 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundCharacteristics of hotel housekeeping work increase the risk for hypertension development. Little is known about the influences of such work on hypertension management.MethodsFor this qualitative study, 27 Haitian immigrant hotel housekeepers from Miami‐Dade County, FL were interviewed. Interview transcripts were analyzed with the assistance of the Atlas.ti software for code and theme identification.ResultsInfluences of hotel housekeeping work on hypertension management arose both at the individual and system levels. Factors at the individual level included co‐worker dynamics and maintenance of transmigrant life. Factors at the system level included supervisory support, workload, work pace, and work hiring practices. No positive influences were reported for workload and hiring practices.ConclusionsWorkplace interventions may be beneficial for effective hypertension management among hotel housekeepers. These work influences must be considered when determining effective methods for hypertension management among hotel housekeepers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1402–1413. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chimpanzee‐red colobus encounter rates show a red colobus population decline associated with predation by chimpanzees at Ngogo
Authors: Watts David P. , Amsler Sylvia J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractChimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) hunt various primates, but concentrate on red colobus monkeys (Piliocolobus spp.) wherever the two species are sympatric. The extraordinarily large Ngogo chimpanzee community in Kibale National Park, Uganda, preys heavily on the local population of red colobus (P. tephrosceles). Census data showed a steep decline in this population in the center of the chimpanzees' home range between 1975 and 2007 [Lwanga et al., 2011; Teelen, 2007b]. Given no obvious change in food availability, predation by chimpanzees was the most likely cause [ibid.; Teelen, 2008]. However, census data from other parts of the home range raised the possibility that the decline was restricted to this central area [Teelen, 2007a] We present data from 1998 to 2012 on the rate of encounters between chimpanzees and red colobus that provide a chimpanzee‐centered estimate of red colobus density, thus of predation opportunities, throughout the home range. These corroborate census data by showing a long‐term decline in encounters near the center. They also show that encounters become relatively more common at increasing distances from the center, but encounter rates have decreased even in peripheral areas and, by implication, the red colobus population has declined throughout the study area. These data corroborate Teelen's [2008] conclusion that chimpanzee predation on red colobus during the 1990s and early 2000s was unsustainable. Hunting rates and prey offtake rates have also declined markedly; whether this will allow the red colobus population to recover is unknown. In contrast, rates at which chimpanzees encountered redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) and grey‐cheeked mangabeys (Lophocebus albigena) did not decrease. Neither did they increase, however, contrary to long‐term census data from the center of the study area [Lwanga et al., 2011]. Am. J. Primatol. 75:927–937, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gastrointestinal symbionts of chimpanzees in Cantanhez National Park, guinea‐bissau with respect to habitat fragmentation
Authors: Sá Rui M. , Petrášová Jana , Pomajbíková Kateřina , Profousová Ilona , Petrželková Klára J. , Sousa Cláudia , Cable Joanne , Bruford Michael W. , Modrý David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOne of the major factors threatening chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Guinea‐Bissau is habitat fragmentation. Such fragmentation may cause changes in symbiont dynamics resulting in increased susceptibility to infection, changes in host specificity and virulence. We monitored gastrointestinal symbiotic fauna of three chimpanzee subpopulations living within Cantanhez National Park (CNP) in Guinea Bissau in the areas with different levels of anthropogenic fragmentation. Using standard coproscopical methods (merthiolate‐iodine formalin concentration and Sheather's flotation) we examined 102 fecal samples and identified at least 13 different symbiotic genera (Troglodytella abrassarti,Troglocorys cava,Blastocystisspp.,Entamoebaspp.,Iodamoeba butschlii,Giardia intestinalis,Chilomastix mesnili,Bertiellasp.,Probstmayria gombensis, unidentified strongylids,Strongyloides stercoralis,Strongyloides fuelleborni, andTrichurissp.). The symbiotic fauna of the CNP chimpanzees is comparable to that reported for other wild chimpanzee populations, although CNP chimpanzees have a higher prevalence ofTrichurissp. Symbiont richness was higher in chimpanzee subpopulations living in fragmented forests compared to the community inhabiting continuous forest area. We reported significantly higher prevalence ofG. intestinalisin chimpanzees from fragmented areas, which could be attributed to increased contact with humans and livestock. Am. J. Primatol. 75:1032–1041, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Der gewundene Pfad zum Erythropoietin entlang der Grenze von Chemie und Biologie
Authors: Wilson Rebecca M. , Dong Suwei , Wang Ping , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Totalsynthese eines homogenen Erythropoietins (EPO), das die native Aminosäuresequenz aufweist und Chitobioseglycane an jeder der drei N‐glycosylierten Wildtyp‐Stellen trägt, wurde in unserem Laboratorium erzielt. Wir beschreiben in diesem Kurzaufsatz unsere ein Jahrzehnt dauernden Forschungsbemühungen um die Synthese dieser anspruchsvollen Zielverbindung. Entscheidend für den Erfolg war das Zusammenspiel zwischen Biologie und Chemie, den beiden Grundpfeilern der Naturwissenschaften.
Study of uranium sorption using D2EHPA‐impregnated polymeric beads
Authors: Singh Krishan Kant , Pathak Sanjay K. , Kumar Manmohan , Mahtele A. K. , Tripathi S. C. , Bajaj Parma N. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe extractant‐impregnated polymeric beads (EIPBs), containing Di(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid (D2EHPA) as an extractant and polyethersulfone as base polymer, were prepared by phase‐inversion method. These beads were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis to gain insight into the composition and morphology of beads. The beads exhibited good acid stability as no significant structural deformation or leaching out of the extractant was observed in 6M HNO3 solution, up to the studied equilibration time of 15 days. The synthesized EIPBs were evaluated, for their ability to absorb uranium from aqueous solution, at different concentration and pH values. The kinetics measurement showed that about 90 min of equilibration time was enough to remove saturation amount of uranium from the solution. Kinetic modeling analysis of the extraction results was carried out using pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion equations and the corresponding rate constants were determined. The equilibrium data were fitted into different isotherm models and were found to be represented well by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Reusability of the beads was also established by multiple sorption–desorption experiments. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3355–3364, 2013
Mechanical characteristics of swollen gellan gum hydrogels
Authors: De Silva D. Awanthi , Poole‐Warren Laura A. , Martens Penny J. , in het Panhuis Marc 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe behavior of swollen gellan gum hydrogels in terms of mechanical properties, weight loss, and cell growth inhibition of leachates is presented. Low‐acyl gellan gum (LAGG), high‐acyl gellan gum (HAGG), and a HAGG–LAGG blend were soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.4 and 37°C for up to 168 days. The gels exhibited their maximum mass loss and swelling after 28 days of immersion in PBS. LAGG gels exhibited lower value for mass loss and the chain‐release diffusion coefficient than gels consisting of HAGG and the HAGG–LAGG blend. The change in mechanical and rheological characteristics during soaking of the three hydrogels was attributed to mass loss, while LAGG hydrogels also showed evidence of effects because of cation exchange with the surrounding medium. The mechanical characteristics of the LAGG, HAGG, and blend hydrogels relative to each other did not change during swelling (although the magnitude changed). L929 fibroblasts growth inhibition tests showed that the leachate products of the three gels can be considered noncytotoxic, which is important for their future application in tissue engineering. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3374–3383, 2013
Effect of molecular architecture on the crystalline structure and stiffness of iPP homopolymers: Modeling based on annealing experiments
Authors: Horváth Zsuzsanna , Menyhárd Alfréd , Doshev Petar , Gahleitner Markus , Tranninger Cornelia , Kheirandish Saeid , Varga József , Pukánszky Béla 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTFive polypropylene (PP) homopolymers were selected and their molecular structure was thoroughly characterized to determine the effect of molecular architecture on their annealing behavior and on the ultimate stiffness achieved by heat treatment. Molecular mass and its distribution were characterized by rheological measurements, while chain regularity was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using stepwise isothermal segregation technique (SIST). The samples were annealed in two different ways. Tensile bars were treated in an oven at 165 °C for increasing times to determine changes in stiffness. Various defects (microcracks and voids) developed during the annealing of tensile specimens that did not allow the reliable determination of modulus by direct measurement. On the other hand, the second approach, the annealing of small samples in a DSC cell clearly showed the changes occurring in crystalline structure and also the effect of nucleation and molecular architecture on them. The large molecular weight fraction used to facilitate nucleation hinders crystal perfection, whereas the presence of a heterogeneous nucleating agent increases overall crystallinity, but does not influence recrystallization during annealing. Melting traces were transformed into lamella thickness distributions from which average lamella thickness was derived. Lamella thickness and crystallinity, the independent variables of the model equation used for the calculation of modulus, were extrapolated to infinite annealing time to predict maximum stiffness. The value obtained, 3.5 GPa, is very far from the theoretically predicted 40 GPa of oriented crystals, which cannot be achieved under practical conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3365–3373, 2013
Different electromagnetic field waveforms have different effects on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wang Jia‐Qi , Ge Bao‐Feng , Ma Xiao‐Ni , Ma Hui‐Ping , Xian Cory J. , Chen Ke‐Ming 
Published: June 2013

AbstractNoninvasive electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been known to be able to improve bone health; however, their optimal application parameters and action mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared the effects of different forms of EMFs (sinusoidal, triangular, square, and serrated, all set at 50 Hz frequency and 1.8 mT intensity) on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of rat calvarial osteoblasts. Square EMFs stimulated osteoblast proliferation but sinusoidal EMFs inhibited it. Sinusoidal and triangular EMFs produced significantly greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, ALP staining areas, calcium deposition, mineralized nodule areas, and mRNA expression of Runx‐2, osteoprotegerin and insulin‐like growth factor‐I than square and serrated EMFs (P < 0.01). Triangular EMFs had a greater effect than sinusoidal EMFs on every indices except for Runx‐2 mRNA expression (P < 0.05). These results indicated that while square EMFs promoted proliferation and had no effect on the differentiation of osteoblasts, sinusoidal EMFs inhibited proliferation but enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Triangular EMFs did not affect cell proliferation but induced the strongest osteogenic activity among the four waveforms of EMFs. Thus, the effects of EMFs on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro were dependent on their waveforms. Bioelectromagnetics. 35:30–38, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic fundoplication versus continued medical management for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease based on long-term follow-up of the REFLUX trial
Authors: Faria R , Bojke L , Epstein D , Corbacho B , Sculpher M 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic fundoplication surgery has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to continued medical management over 1 year for patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). The longer-term cost-effectiveness is, however, uncertain. This study evaluated the long-term health benefits, costs and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic fundoplication compared with continued medical management in patients with GORD.

Methods
Individual patient data were used from the 5-year follow-up of the REFLUX trial, a large multicentre, pragmatic, randomized trial in which 357 patients with GORD for at least 12 months at trial entry were allocated randomly to early laparoscopic fundoplication or continued medical management. Health outcomes were expressed in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). A UK National Health Service perspective was used for costs.

Results
The group randomized to surgery experienced better health outcomes in each year of follow-up, but the difference narrowed over time. At 5 years, the surgery group had experienced 0·216 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·021 to 0·412) more QALYs but also accrued €1832 (1214 to 2448) more costs. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was €8481 per QALY gained. The probability that surgery is the most cost-effective intervention was 0·932 at a threshold of €24 134/QALY (£20 000/QALY). Results were robust to most sensitivity analyses, except where patients with missing data randomized to surgery were assumed to have worse health outcomes.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic fundoplication is a cost-effective alternative to continued medical management over 5 years. No evidence was found to suggest that the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic fundoplication diminishes over time.
The posttreatment mean apparent diffusion coefficient of primary tumor is superior to pretreatment ADCmean of primary tumor as a predictor of prognosis with cervical cancer
Authors: Nakamura Keiichiro , Kajitani Satoshi , Joja Ikuo , Haruma Tomoko , Fukushima Chikako , Kusumoto Tomoyuki , Seki Noriko , Hiramatsu Yuji 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the correlation of pretreatment and posttreatment measurements as the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmean) by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) findings with prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of primary cervical cancer. The pretreatment and posttreatment ADCmean of the primary tumor were examined for their correlations with the prognosis in 69 patients with SCC of primary cervical cancer by radiotherapy (RT) with or without concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT). The median disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) times of patients were 20.97 and 23.47 months (follow‐up periods for DFS and OS: 1–72 and 1–72 months). The DFS and OS rates of patients with low pretreatment and posttreatment ADCmean of the primary tumor were also significantly worse than those of patients exhibiting high pretreatment and posttreatment ADCmean of the primary tumor (DFS; P = 0.0130 and P < 0.0001, OS; P = 0.0010 and P < 0.0001). Multivariate analyses showed that low posttreatment ADCmean of the primary tumor was an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). The low posttreatment ADCmean of the primary tumor is a useful clinical prognostic biomarker for recurrence and survival in patients with cervical cancer.
Dual‐Mesoporous ZSM‐5 Zeolite with Highly b‐Axis‐Oriented Large Mesopore Channels for the Production of Benzoin Ethyl Ether
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxia , Chen Hangrong , Zhu Yan , Song Yudian , Chen Yu , Wang Yongxia , Gong Yun , Zhang Guobin , Shu Zhu , Cui Xiangzhi , Zhao Jinjin , Shi Jianlin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDual‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolite with highly b axis oriented large mesopores was synthesized by using nonionic copolymer F127 and cationic surfactant CTAB as co‐templates. The product contains two types of mesopores—smaller wormlike ones of 3.3 nm in size and highly oriented larger ones of 30–50 nm in diameter along the b axis—and both of them interpenetrate throughout the zeolite crystals and interconnect with zeolite microporosity. The dual‐mesoporous zeolite exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the condensation of benzaldehyde with ethanol and greater than 99 % selectivity for benzoin ethyl ether at room temperature, which can be ascribed to the zeolite lattice structure offering catalytically active sites and the hierarchical and oriented mesoporous structure providing fast access of reactants to these sites in the catalytic reaction. The excellent recyclability and high catalytic stability of the catalyst suggest prospective applications of such unique mesoporous zeolites in the chemical industry.
Synthesis of Trisubstituted Ureas by a Multistep Sequence Utilizing Recyclable Magnetic Reagents and Scavengers
Authors: Kainz Quirin M. , Zeltner Martin , Rossier Michael , Stark Wendelin J. , Reiser Oliver 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnprecedented magnetic borohydride exchange (mBER), magnetic Wang aldehyde (mWang) and magnetic amine resins were prepared from highly magnetic polymer‐coated cobalt or iron nanoparticles. Microwave irradiation was used to obtain excellent degrees of functionalization (>95 %) and loadings (up to 3.0 mmol g−1) in short reaction times of 15 min or less. A small library of ureas and thioureas was synthesized by the exclusive application of these magnetic resins. As a first step, a reductive amination of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes was carried out with mBER. The excess of primary amine needed to complete the reaction was subsequently scavenged selectively by mWang. Simple magnetic decantation from the resins resulted in secondary amines in good to excellent yields and purities. The used magnetic resins were efficiently regenerated and reused for the next run. In a second step, the secondary amines were converted to trisubstituted (thio)ureas in excellent yields and purities by stirring with an excess of iso(thio)cyanate, which was scavenged by addition of the magnetic amine resin after completion of the reaction. The whole reaction sequence is carried out without any purification apart from magnetic decantation; moreover, conventional magnetic stirring can be used as opposed to the vortexing required for polystyrene resins.
Synthesis and Characterization of Various Photosensitive Copper(II) Complexes with 5‐(1‐Methylhydrazinyl)‐1H‐tetrazole as Ligand and Perchlorate, Nitrate, Dinitramide, and Chloride as Anions
Authors: Joas Manuel , Klapötke Thomas M. , Stierstorfer Jörg , Szimhardt Norbert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe preparation of 5‐(1‐methylhydrazinyl)‐1H‐tetrazole monohydrate (1⋅H2O) and various copper(II) complexes with perchlorate (2 and 3), nitrate (4, 5, and 6), dinitramide (7), and chloride (8) is described. The coordination compounds (monomers, dimers, and polymers) were characterized through infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Further, the structures of 2 and 4–8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 1 can act as a bidentate ligand in its neutral form (HMHT) and as a μ2‐ or μ3‐bridging ligand in its deprotonated form (MHT). The energetic properties of the synthesized complexes, such as their sensitivities toward impact and friction, were determined, and laser ignition tests were performed. New information about the laser initiation process and the role of the anion in the initiation criterion was obtained. The perchlorate complexes 2 (Tdecomp=217 °C) and 3 (Tdecomp=206 °C) are potential primary explosives.