bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal sonographic characteristics associated with shoulder dystocia in pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Secher Anna L. , Bytoft Birgitte , Tabor Ann , Damm Peter , Mathiesen Elisabeth R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionShoulder dystocia is a rare but severe complication of vaginal delivery and diabetic women are at high risk. The aim of this study was to identify fetal sonographic and maternal glycemic characteristics associated with shoulder dystocia in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.Material and methodsTwelve cases (5%) of shoulder dystocia among 241 consecutive vaginal deliveries in women with type 1 diabetes followed at Rigshospitalet University Hospital in 2009–2013 were retrospectively identified in a local database. Fetal sonographic and clinical data were compared with 69 women with type 1 diabetes and uncomplicated vaginal deliveries.ResultsWomen experiencing shoulder dystocia compared with women with uncomplicated deliveries had a higher glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in early pregnancy [median 7.0% (range 5.9–8.1) vs. 6.6% (range 5.4–10.0, P = 0.04)], whereas in late pregnancy, HbA1c in the two groups of women was comparable [6.1% (range 5.5–6.9) vs. 6.0% (range 4.7–8.4, P = 0.30)]. Fetal biometry at 36 weeks showed a higher estimated fetal weight of 3597 g (range 3051–4069) vs. 2989 g (range 2165–4025), P < 0.001, corresponding to 20% (4–41%) vs. 5% (−20 to 44%) above the mean estimated fetal weight for gestational age (P = 0.002) and a greater abdominal circumference SD score of 2.51 (range 1.56–4.20) vs. 1.33 (range −1.08 to 4.25), P = 0.001). Head circumference was comparable. Vacuum extraction was more frequent during deliveries with shoulder dystocia (58 vs. 17%, P = 0.005). Seven (58%) newborns with shoulder dystocia had brachial plexus injuries, fractures, intra‐abdominal bleeding or needed resuscitation.ConclusionsExcessive estimated fetal weight and abdominal circumference at 36 weeks' sonographic examination may help in identifying diabetic women at high risk of later shoulder dystocia.
Role of SOCS3 in the Jak/stat3 pathway in the human placenta: different mechanisms for preterm and term labor
Authors: Zhou Xin , Jiang Ziyan , Zou Yanfen , Yin Yin , Zuo Qing , Sun Lizhou 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionTo identify changes in interleukin (IL)‐6 levels and its pathway (Jak/stat3) in the human placenta during preterm and term labor, placental tissues were collected from primiparous women who underwent vaginal deliveries or cesarean sections in our hospital. The women were divided into three groups: preterm labor (n = 15), term labor (n = 15), and term not in labor (n = 15).Material and methodsIL‐6 levels were detected by ELISA in placental supernatant, and p‐STAT3 and SOCS3 protein was detected by Western blot. TUNEL was used to detect apoptosis in trophoblasts. HTR‐8/SVneo cells were cultured after stimulation with IL‐6, and we measured p‐STAT3, SOCS3, and the rate of apoptosis.ResultsExpression of p‐STAT3 and SOCS3 in the placenta and trophoblast cells showed that IL‐6 levels were highest in the preterm labor group and lowest in the term not in labor group. The highest expression of placental SOCS3 protein was observed in the preterm labor group. More apoptotic cells were found in the preterm labor group than in the other two groups by TUNEL. SOCS3 and p‐STAT3 expression was significantly upregulated after stimulation by IL‐6 in trophoblast cells in a dose‐dependent manner. However, p‐STAT3 was significantly decreased after 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL IL‐6 for 72 h. A significant increase of apoptosis was observed with treatment of 50 ng/mL IL‐6 in HTR‐8/SVneo cells.ConclusionsThe role of the SOCS3 protein in the Jak/stat3 pathway is to mediate different mechanisms for preterm and term labor processes in the placenta.
QRS abnormalities of the fetal electrocardiogram, and their implications for ST‐interval analysis during labor
Authors: Sletten Julie , Kessler Jørg 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this study was to describe the QRS complex of the fetal electrocardiogram (fECG) in relation to fetal presentation, and explore the effect of abnormal QRS on automated ST‐interval analysis (STAN).Material and methodsA case–control study was carried out at a University Hospital in Norway, between the years of 2004–2008. High‐risk singleton deliveries with a gestational age >35+6 weeks, were monitored with cardiotocography and STAN. Cases included breech presentations (n = 433) and controls included cephalic presentations (n = 433). The main outcome measures were QRS‐complex abnormalities and fECG abnormalities.ResultsAn abnormal QRS complex was found in 13.9% of the cases and 16.6% of the controls (p = 0.257). Split R (8.4%) and deep S (8.2%) were the most common abnormalities, and deep Q (4.4% vs. 0.7%, p ≤ 0.001) and split Q (1.8% vs. 0, p ≤ 0.005) were more common in breech than in cephalic presentations. QRS abnormalities impacted on the fECG in 114/866 (13.2%) of the total population. The most common finding was an ambiguous placement of R and S in cases of a split vector (n = 112, 12.9%). Deviance of the ECG baseline above null occurred less frequently (n = 33, 3.8%), and was more common in breech presentation (5.3 vs. 2.3%, p = 0.021). ST events due to an erroneous identification of the QRS vectors and/or a misplacement of the ECG baseline were found in 26 (3.0%) fetuses, with no significant difference in frequency between cases and controls.ConclusionsThe appearance of the QRS complex of fECG is dependent upon the fetal presentation. QRS abnormalities impact automated fECG tracing and subsequent ST analysis. Clinicians should be aware of this finding in clinical practice.
Out‐of‐hospital deliveries have risen involving greater neonatal morbidity
Authors: Ovaskainen Katja , Ojala Riitta , Gissler Mika , Luukkaala Tiina , Tammela Outi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimMost Finnish births take place in hospital, but out‐of‐hospital deliveries (OHDs) have increased. This study evaluated trends and reasons for OHDs in the Tampere University Hospital catchment area.MethodsThe study cohort included all planned and unplanned OHDs in the Hospital area from 1996 to 2011; the control group comprised two hospital births for each OHD. Trends in incidence and risk factors for OHDs, including neonatal morbidities, were established and compared to the controls.ResultsOHDs accounted for 67 (0.10%) of the 76 773 births in the area, the proportion remaining unchanged between 1996 and 2005, but then increasing. Risk factors associated with OHDs were smoking during pregnancy, short labour, higher number of previous births, single status, residence more than 35 kilometres from the delivery unit and fewer prenatal visits. OHD cases were more likely to be admitted to the neonatal care unit than controls and to be treated for suspected infections and hypothermia.ConclusionSmoking, short duration of labour, a higher number of previous births, single status and longer distances from the delivery unit were associated with OHDs. Eight (12%) mothers had OHDs without antenatal care, and their infants had more neonatal morbidities.
Physical activity and screen‐time of childhood haematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors
Authors: Bogg Tina FT , Shaw Peter J. , Cohn Richard J. , Wakefield Claire E. , Hardy Louise L , Broderick Carolyn , Naumann Fiona 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimReduced bone mineral density, impaired cardiovascular fitness and increased risk of obesity are well‐known late effects of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in survivors of childhood cancer. These comorbidities can be mitigated through physical activity and limiting screen‐time (ST). This study aims to increase the understanding of physical activity and ST behaviours for children following HSCT.MethodsChildren were recruited from two oncology follow‐up clinics and completed a questionnaire on their physical activity levels and screen‐time. Children were classified as short (≤2 years) and long‐term (>2 years) survivors.ResultsFifty‐eight children were eligible, of whom forty children of age 6–18 years (60% males) participated in the study. Less than half (47.5%) met the daily recommendations for physical activity and one‐third met the ST recommendations. Late survivors reported higher daily physical activity and less ST than early survivors. Among late survivors, females reported higher daily physical activity and less ST than males.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the majority of children following HSCT were not sufficiently active and had excessive screen‐time; however, this was comparable to healthy populations. Appropriately designed physical activity and screen‐time intervention programmes should be explored early following transplant for children undergoing HSCT.
Breastfeeding and dummy use have a protective effect on sudden infant death syndrome
Authors: Alm Bernt , Wennergren Göran , Möllborg Per , Lagercrantz Hugo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe conducted a literature review on the effect of breastfeeding and dummy (pacifier) use on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). From 4343 abstracts, we identified 35 relevant studies on breastfeeding and SIDS, 27 on dummy use and SIDS and 59 on dummy use versus breastfeeding.ConclusionWe found ample evidence that both breastfeeding and dummy use reduce the risk of SIDS. There has been a general reluctance to endorse dummy use in case it has a detrimental effect of breastfeeding. However, recent evidence suggests that dummy use might not be as harmful to breastfeeding as previously believed.
Guidelines for urinary tract infections and antenatal hydronephrosis should be gender specific
Authors: Moore Shiran S. , Bahat Hilla , Rachmiel Mariana , Ziv‐Baran Tomer , Youngster Ilan , Goldman Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimFebrile urinary tract infections (UTIs) may be associated with long‐term renal damage. Our goal was to identify risk factors for future UTIs in children who had voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) as a part of an antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) assessment or after a febrile UTI.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study based on the medical records of children aged 0–24 months who underwent a VCUG between January 2004 and December 2011 and had at least six months of follow‐up. The incidence of future UTIs was assessed.ResultsWe included 285 children: 176 had a primary UTI and 109 had ANH. We recorded 28 UTIs during the follow‐up period, and the risk was 12.5% after a primary UTI and 5.5% after an ANH (p = 0.049). Multivariate analysis showed no risk difference was found between the groups. Females had a greater risk of febrile UTIs (hazard ratio 3.3, 95% confidence interval 1.03–9.2, p = 0.04), but the UTI risk did not differ between children with or without VURs.ConclusionFemale infants were at greater risk of febrile UTIs, regardless of the presence of VUR, VUR degree, ANH or a previous UTI. Clinical guidelines for UTI and ANH assessment should preferably be gender specific.
Nitric oxide regulation of migrating motor complex: randomized trial of NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine effects in relation to muscarinic and serotonergic receptor blockade
Authors: Halim M. A. , Gillberg L. , Boghus S. , Sundbom M. , Karlbom U. , Webb D.‐L. , Hellström P. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimThe migrating motor complex (MMC) propels contents through the gastrointestinal tract during fasting. Nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the gastrointestinal tract. Little is known about how NO regulates the MMC. In this study, the aim was to examine nitrergic inhibition of the MMC in man using NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) in combination with muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine and 5‐HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy volunteers underwent antroduodenojejunal manometry for 8 h with saline or NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor l‐NMMA randomly injected I.V. at 4 h with or without atropine or ondansetron. Plasma ghrelin, motilin and somatostatin were measured by ELISA. Intestinal muscle strip contractions were investigated for NO‐dependent mechanisms using l‐NMMA and tetrodotoxin. NOS expression was localized by immunohistochemistry.Resultsl‐NMMA elicited premature duodenojejunal phase III in all subjects but one, irrespective of atropine or ondansetron. l‐NMMA shortened MMC cycle length, suppressed phase I and shifted motility towards phase II. Pre‐treatment with atropine extended phase II, while ondansetron had no effect. l‐NMMA did not change circulating ghrelin, motilin or somatostatin. Intestinal contractions were stimulated by l‐NMMA, insensitive to tetrodotoxin. NOS immunoreactivity was detected in the myenteric plexus but not in smooth muscle cells.ConclusionNitric oxide suppresses phase III of MMC independent of muscarinic and 5‐HT3 receptors as shown by nitrergic blockade, and acts through a neurocrine disinhibition step resulting in stimulated phase III of MMC independent of cholinergic or 5‐HT3‐ergic mechanisms. Furthermore, phase II of MMC is governed by inhibitory nitrergic and excitatory cholinergic, but not 5‐HT3‐ergic mechanisms.
Bile Acid‐Induced Toxicity in HepaRG Cells Recapitulates the Response in Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Woolbright Benjamin L. , McGill Mitchell R. , Yan Huimin , Jaeschke Hartmut 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCholestatic liver injury is a pathological component of numerous disease states. Much of the current literature on cholestatic liver injury is derived from in vitro studies using rodent hepatocytes or cell lines transfected with bile acid (BA) uptake transporters. While these studies demonstrate BA‐driven apoptosis, it is debatable whether these models reflect the human pathophysiology, as primary human hepatocytes undergo primarily necrosis. HepaRG cells are a bipotential, human hepatoma line that express apical and basolateral BA transporters. Thus, we sought to determine whether HepaRG cells could replicate the response of primary human hepatocytes to BA exposure in vitro. HepG2 cells, primary murine hepatocytes (PMH) or HepaRG cells, were exposed to taurocholic acid (TCA), or glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) and lactate dehydrogenase release were measured to determine cell death. Cell death occurred dose‐responsively in HepaRG cells when exposed to GCDC; however, HepG2 cells died acutely only at very high concentrations of GCDC. In HepaRG cells, pre‐treatment with the caspase inhibitor z‐VD‐FMK had no effect on cell death, indicating a lack of apoptotic cell death, and while c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) protein was activated by GCDC treatment in HepaRG cells, the inhibition of JNK did not protect. Although previous data indicate that TCA stimulates pro‐inflammatory gene induction in PMH, there was no change in gene expression after TCA stimulation in HepaRG cells, which mimicked previous data found in primary human hepatocytes. These data provide evidence for HepaRG cells as a new model for the study of the effect of BA on human hepatocytes.
Child Health Advice and Parental Obligation: The Case of Safe Sleep Recommendations and Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy
Authors: Jonas Monique 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article considers whether there is a parental obligation to comply with child health advice which is aimed at the general population and grounded in population‐based research. Drawing upon the concept of role obligations, I argue that there is a temptation to use child health advice as a set of rules to which parents are morally obligated to comply, but that this temptation should be resisted. Using the case of Safe Sleep recommendations, designed to reduce the risk of sleep‐related infant deaths, I present three reasons for doubting that parents are obligated, as a matter of course, to comply with child health advice. I suggest that, rather than compliance, deliberation about child health advice is obligatory, and that parents should have reasons for not following credible child health advice.
Play or learn: European‐American and Chinese kindergartners' perceptions about the conflict
Authors: Li Jin 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundKindergarten is the age at which children's future time perspective emerges. This capacity enables them to form goals based on past and ongoing experiences and project themselves in the future. This development may play an important role in guiding children in self‐regulated learning. When faced with the conflict between their need to learn and their desire to play (CLP), children make choices based on their perceptions of CLP. However, their CLP‐related perceptions and responses are also influenced by the values their culture upholds. Research shows that Western learning emphasizes more mental activities and positive affect, whereas East Asian learning stresses more social/moral self‐perfection. Children's CLP‐related perceptions and responses are likely shaped by their respective cultures' values.AimsThis study examined kindergartners' emergent perceptions of and responses to CLP. Both commonalities and possible cultural differences were investigated.SampleThe sample was 130 middle‐class European‐American and Chinese kindergartners, balanced for culture and gender.MethodChildren each heard a story beginning with a picture of a protagonist who is practicing words at home but hears children playing outside. Children were asked to complete the story and were probed further when they mentioned ideas related to learning and play. All interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed for coding. Tests were conducted for group differences.Results and ConclusionsMost children from both groups identified CLP and shared similar views about their need to complete schoolwork, benefits of learning, negativity of neglecting learning, and ways to resist temptation to play. However, large cultural differences also emerged. Chinese children showed greater awareness of CLP and expressed more positive regard for learning, learning virtues, and receptivity to adult expectations.
The interplay of intention, autonomy, and sex with dietary planning: A conditional process model to predict fruit and vegetable intake
Authors: Lange Daniela , Corbett Jana , Lippke Sonia , Knoll Nina , Schwarzer Ralf 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesDietary intentions are supposed to engender planning processes, which in turn stimulate dietary behaviour change. However, some studies failed to find such mediation effects, which suggest more complex and not yet unravelled relationships between these factors. One explanation may be that mediation works better under certain circumstances or only for specific subgroups. This study addresses this reasoning by examining autonomy beliefs and sex as putative moderators of the hypothesized mediation chain.Design and methodsIn a longitudinal design with three measurement points in time (1 week and 1 month apart), 912 women and 214 men were surveyed. Planning, intention, dietary autonomy beliefs, and sex were used to predict fruit and vegetable intake within a conditional process model designed to identify mechanisms of change.ResultsThe intention–planning–behaviour chain was qualified by a triple interaction involving autonomy beliefs and sex as moderators between intention and planning. Higher dietary autonomy resulted in higher levels of planning fruit and vegetable intake. For men, even in case of higher intention, at least medium levels of autonomy beliefs were necessary to facilitate planning processes. For women, already lower levels of autonomy beliefs can engender postintentional planning strategies and seem to even compensate lower intention.ConclusionsIntention and planning are key predictors of dietary change. However, these variables work better under specific conditions (with a sufficient level of autonomy), and differently in subgroups (men vs. women). These results may explain the inconsistent findings of previous studies on the mediating effect of planning and allow for a better description of the mechanisms by which intentions may influence behaviour.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The adoption of health‐enhancing dietary behaviours can be facilitated by intentions and planning.

Planning to eat more fruit and vegetable helps to translate intentions into actual consumption.

Fruit and vegetable intake levels are higher in women than in men.

What does this study add?

Dietary intentions engender more likely planning processes when perceived autonomy concerning food consumption is high.

Dietary autonomy beliefs and sex moderate the intention–planning–behaviour chain.

Among men, dietary planning is highest when both intentions and autonomy are high.
A polyspecific drug/proton antiporter mediates diphenhydramine and clonidine transport at the mouse blood‐retinal barrier
Authors: Chapy Hélène , André Pascal , Declèves Xavier , Scherrmann Jean‐Michel , Cisternino Salvatore 
Published: July 2015

Background and PurposeTransporters at the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB), as at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), regulate the distribution of compounds into the neural parenchyma. However, the expression of BRB transporters and their quantitative impact in vivo are still poorly understood.Experimental ApproachClonidine and diphenhydramine are substrates of a novel BBB drug/proton‐antiporter. We evaluated their transport at the BRB by in situ carotid perfusion in wild‐type or knocked‐out mice for Oct1‐3 (Slc22a1‐3).Key ResultsAt pharmacological exposure levels, carrier‐mediated BRB influx was 2 and 12 times greater than the passive diffusion rate for clonidine and diphenhydramine, respectively. Functional identification demonstrated the involvement of a high‐capacity potassium‐ and sodium‐independent proton‐antiporter that shared the features of the previously characterized clonidine, diphenhydramine and cocaine BBB transporter. The functional characterization suggests that SLC transporters Oct1‐3, Mate1 (Slc47a1) and Octn1‐2 (Slc22a4‐5) are not involved. Melanin/retinal toxic drugs like antimalarials (amodiaquine, quinine), quinidine and tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine) acted as inhibitors of this proton‐antiporter. The endogenous indole derivative tryptamine inhibited the transporter, unlike 5‐HT (serotonin), dopamine or L‐DOPA. Trans‐stimulation experiments with [3H]‐clonidine at the BRB indicated that diphenhydramine, nicotine, oxycodone, naloxone, tramadol, 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy), heroin, methadone and verapamil are common substrates.Conclusions and ImplicationsA proton‐antiporter is physiologically involved in the transport of clonidine and diphenhydramine and is quantitatively more important than their passive diffusion flux at the mouse BRB. The features of this molecularly unidentified transporter highlight its importance in regulating drug delivery at the retina and suggest that it has the capacity to handle several drugs.