bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive Study of Juglone's Effect on Polyphenol Oxidase in Cucumber: In Vitro Experiments and Computational Docking and Dynamics Insights
Authors: Kocaçalışkan İsmail , Korkut Şenay Vural , Aktaş Emre , Yalçın Merve , Özgentürk Nehir Özdemir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of juglone on cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Beith Alpha), scrutinizing its effects on seed germination, growth, and the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme's activity and gene expression. Employing concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mM, we found juglone's effects to be concentration‐dependent. At lower concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 mM), juglone promoted root and shoot growth along with germination, whereas higher concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 mM) exerted inhibitory effects, delineating a threshold for its allelopathic influence. Notably, PPO activity surged, especially at 0.5 mM in roots, hinting at oxidative stress involvement. Real‐time PCR unveiled that juglone modulates PPO gene expression in cotyledons, peaking at 0.1 mM and diminishing at elevated levels. Correlation analyses elucidated a positive link between juglone‐induced root growth and cotyledon PPO gene expression but a negative correlation with heightened root enzyme activity. Additionally, germination percentage inversely correlated with root PPO activity, while PPO activities positively associated with dopa and catechol substrates in both roots and cotyledons. Molecular docking studies revealed juglone's selective interactions with PPO's B chain, suggesting regulatory impacts. Protein interaction assessments highlighted juglone's influence on amino acid metabolism, and molecular dynamics indicated juglone's stronger, more stable binding to PPO, inferring potential alterations in enzyme function and stability. Conclusively, our findings elucidate juglone's dose‐dependent physiological and biochemical shifts in cucumber plants, offering insights into its role in plant growth, stress response, and metabolic modulation.
Open social innovation in response to grand challenges: promotor influence as change agent
Authors: Barrett Gillian , Dooley Lawrence 
Published: July 2024

Following on from the R&D Management COVID‐19 two‐part special issue editorial, this paper strives to deepen our knowledge of Open Social Innovation (OSI) in such grand challenge contexts through exploring the promotor role(s) and interventions in managing temporary organisations. Through an exploration of three case studies that emerged from a bottom‐up perspective, in response to the COVID‐19 grand challenge, this study highlights the central role played by promotors in leveraging OSI projects. The core elements of the George et al. (2016) grand challenge framework are explored within the cases, through a promotor theory lens, to understand how the promotor roles (power, process, technology and relationship) influence the emergence of the temporary OSI organisation to enable a societal contribution. The research recognises the potential of OSI as a response to future grand challenges, highlighting the importance of management routines, such as communicating and articulating the need, adoption of project management practices, leveraging network ties through promotors' credibility and co‐ordinating partners (& volunteers) for nurturing objective achievement. The research also highlights impediments that can curtail progress, which potentially impacts the longevity and outcomes of OSI. This study demonstrates the important role of promotors in initiating OSI communities to respond to grand challenges and given the complexity and enormity of the task, promotors must establish routines to engage and co‐ordinate a collective ecosystem, since they cannot execute alone. Thus, OSI communities require assistance from government and/or commercial entities to exploit and effectively co‐ordinate such OSI endeavours to ensure a meaningful contribution.
Democratic Aggregation: Issues and Implications for Consumer Price Indexes
Authors: Martin Robert S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper constructs and compares consumer price indexes (CPI) using weighting methods that differentially incorporate inflation disparities across households. Plutocratic CPIs, commonly used by statistical agencies, weight households based on their total expenditure, while democratic CPIs equally weight households to better represent average consumer experiences. I estimate democratic versions of the Bureau of Labor Statistics' CPI and Chained CPI (C‐CPI) for all urban consumers using the Lowe and Törnqvist formulas, respectively. From December 2002 to June 2021, the democratic CPI‐U exceeds its plutocratic counterpart by approximately 0.08 percentage points per year, on average, while the democratic C‐CPI‐U surpasses the plutocratic by 0.19 percentage points per year. The results indicate a negative correlation between inflation and household expenditure level over the study period. I also find weight frequency to be more important than index formula for explaining why larger differences occur for the C‐CPI‐U.
Stability and optimal decay for the 3D anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic equations
Authors: Yang Wan–Rong , Fang Cao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the stability problem and large time behavior of solutions to the three‐dimensional magnetohydrodynamic equations with horizontal velocity dissipation and magnetic diffusion only in the direction. By applying the structure of the system, time‐weighted methods, and the method of bootstrapping argument, we prove that any perturbation near the background magnetic field (1, 0, 0) is globally stable in the Sobolev space . Furthermore, explicit decay rates in are obtained. Motivated by the stability of the three‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with horizontal dissipation, this paper aims to understand the stability of perturbations near a magnetic background field and reveal the mechanism of how the magnetic field generates enhanced dissipation and helps stabilize the fluid.
Perception and acceptability of the public towards the use of harvested rainwater in water scarce regions
Authors: Vele Livhuwani , Ubomba‐Jaswa Eunice , Edokpayi Joshua Nosa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study discusses the critical importance of sustainable access to clean water, particularly in regions facing severe water shortages. The study investigates the public perception of harvested rainwater as a solution to water scarcity in South Africa's semi arid regions. Conducted with 110 respondents, it explores demographics, rainwater harvesting practices, storage methods, and factors affecting satisfaction. Most households (39.6%) had four to six members, with a balanced gender distribution. Despite widespread unemployment (53.2%), 33.6% were graduates. Rainwater was harvested primarily during rainfall (64.9%), with 94.5% of the respondents collected from their own roofs. Storage methods included JoJo tanks (41.8%) and small buckets (54.5%). Concerningly, 95.5% did not test water quality, yet 64.5% found it acceptable. Regression analysis showed water quality significantly influenced satisfaction (b = 0.623, p < 0.005). The high prevalence of rainwater harvesting underscores its potential to address water shortages sustainably.
Harmonic Response of a Highly Flexible Thin Long Cantilever Beam: A Semi-Analytical Approach in Time-Domain With ANCF Modeling and Experimental Validation
Authors: Renjith A. R. , Hati Reek Jyoti , Praveen Krishna I. R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to use the time variational method (TVM), a semi-analytical approach to evaluate steady-state responses in the time-domain for absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) modeled systems. The gradient-deficient ANCF beam element's performance is demonstrated for a highly flexible cantilever beam under gravity and impulse loading, with comparisons to experiments. The damping behavior is compared for the Rayleigh proportional and the Navier–Stokes (NS) damping model for a gradient-deficient ANCF beam element. Classical finite element method (FEM) beam formulation's shortcomings in predicting large deflections of thin, flexible cantilever beams are highlighted. Unlike the harmonic balance method (HBM), TVM reduces the computational time for harmonic response evaluation compared to numerical integration techniques and handles nonlinear forces in the time-domain. The harmonic response is evaluated by exciting the cantilever beam in the linear region for both experiments and TVM computations.
Multi-Fidelity Design Framework Integrating Compositional Kernels to Facilitate Early-Stage Design Exploration of Complex Systems
Authors: Charisi Nikoleta Dimitra , Hopman Hans , Kana Austin A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Early-stage design of complex systems is considered by many to be one of the most critical design phases because that is where many of the major decisions are made. The design process typically starts with low-fidelity tools, such as simplified models and reference data, but these prove insufficient for novel designs, necessitating the introduction of high-fidelity tools. This challenge can be tackled through the incorporation of multifidelity models. The application of multifidelity (MF) models in the context of design optimization problems represents a developing area of research. This study proposes incorporating compositional kernels into the autoregressive scheme (AR1) of multifidelity Gaussian processes, aiming to enhance the predictive accuracy and reduce uncertainty in design space estimation. The effectiveness of this method is assessed by applying it to five benchmark problems and a simplified design scenario of a cantilever beam. The results demonstrate significant improvement in the prediction accuracy and a reduction in the prediction uncertainty. Additionally, the article offers a critical reflection on scaling up the method and its applicability in early-stage design of complex engineering systems, providing insights into its practical implementation and potential benefits.
Mother-Coaches’ Experiences of Policy and Programs: “Whoever Wrote This Policy Doesn’t Understand What It Means to Be a Mom”
Authors: Porter Jesse , Trussell Dawn E. , Clutterbuck Ryan , Mooradian Jennifer 
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we explore the lived experiences of mother-coaches who, while coaching, navigate policy and programs aimed at promoting gender equity. Specifically, this study took place within the context of an amateur national, 10-day multisport games event in Canada. Using critical feminist narrative inquiry, 14 mother-coaches (apprentice, assistant, or head coach), representing eight different provinces, and 10 different sports, participated in this study. Three themes were constructed that call attention to the Canadian sport system broadly, as well as the 10-day multisport games event specifically: (a) performative policies and gendered assumptions, (b) programs that are band-aids for a “shitty culture,” and (c) a pathway to nowhere for mother-coaches. The findings complicate the hegemonic work–family conflict narrative, suggesting that mother-coaches’ advancement, opportunities, and quality experiences are impacted by the current heteropatriarchal culture and structure of sport that these programs and policy are rooted in.
Comparative pharmacodynamics and dose optimization of liposomal amphotericin B against
Candida
species in an
in vitro
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model
Authors: Beredaki Maria-Ioanna , Arendrup Maiken C. , Pournaras Spyros , Meletiadis Joseph 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

As comparative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) against
Candida
spp. are lacking, we explored L-AMB pharmacodynamics against different
Candida
species in an
in vitro
PK/PD dilution model. Eight
Candida glabrata
,
Candida parapsilosis
, and
Candida krusei
isolates (EUCAST/CLSI AMB MIC 0.125–1 mg/L) were studied in the
in vitro
PK/PD model simulating L-AMB
C
max
= 0.25–64 mg/L and
t
1/2
= 9 h. The model was validated with one susceptible and one resistant
Candida albicans
isolate. The
C
max
/MIC-log
10
CFU/mL reduction from the initial inoculum was analyzed with the
E
max
model, and Monte Carlo analysis was performed for the standard (3 mg/kg with
C
max
= 21.87 ± 12.47 mg/L) and higher (5 mg/kg with
C
max
= 83 ± 35.2 mg/L) L-AMB dose. A ≥1.5 log
10
CFU/mL reduction was found at L-AMB
C
max
= 8 mg/L against
C. albicans
,
C. parapsilosis
, and
C. krusei
isolates (MIC 0.25–0.5 mg/L) whereas L-AMB
C
max
≥ 32 mg/L was required for
C. glabrata
isolates. The
in vitro
PK/PD relationship followed a sigmoidal pattern (
R
2
≥ 0.85) with a mean
C
max
/MIC required for stasis of 2.1 for
C. albicans
(close to the
in vivo
stasis), 24/17 (EUCAST/CLSI) for
C. glabrata
, 8 for
C. parapsilosis
, and 10 for
C. krusei
. The probability of target attainment was ≥99% for
C. albicans
wild-type (WT) isolates with 3 mg/kg and for wild-type isolates of the other species with 5 mg/kg. L-AMB was four- to eightfold less active against the included non-
C
.
albicans
species than
C. albicans
. A standard 3-mg/kg dose is pharmacodynamically sufficient for
C. albicans
whereas our data suggest that 5 mg/kg may be recommendable for the included non-
C
.
albicans
species.
Mechanisms of action of microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control
Authors: Gerba Charles P. , Boone Stephanie , Nims Raymond W. , Maillard Jean-Yves , Sattar Syed A. , Rubino Joseph R. , McKinney Julie , Ijaz M. Khalid 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
Understanding how commonly used chemical microbicides affect pathogenic microorganisms is important for formulation of microbicides. This review focuses on the mechanism(s) of action of chemical microbicides commonly used in infection prevention and control. Contrary to the typical site-specific mode of action of antibiotics, microbicides often act via multiple targets, causing rapid and irreversible damage to microbes. In the case of viruses, the envelope or protein capsid is usually the primary structural target, resulting in loss of envelope integrity or denaturation of proteins in the capsid, causing loss of the receptor-binding domain for host cell receptors, and/or breakdown of other viral proteins or nucleic acids. However, for certain virucidal microbicides, the nucleic acid may be a significant site of action. The region of primary damage to the protein or nucleic acid is site-specific and may vary with the virus type. Due to their greater complexity and metabolism, bacteria and fungi offer more targets. The rapid and irreversible damage to microbes may result from solubilization of lipid components and denaturation of enzymes involved in the transport of nutrients. Formulation of microbicidal actives that attack multiple sites on microbes, or control of the pH, addition of preservatives or potentiators, and so on, can increase the spectrum of action against pathogens and reduce both the concentrations and times needed to achieve microbicidal activity against the target pathogens.
Chronotype and emotion processing: a pilot study testing timing of online cognitive bias modification training
Authors: Crisp Charlotte M , Mooney Emily , Howlader Mohini , Stoddard Joel , Penton-Voak Ian 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundCircadian rhythms influence cognitive performance which peaks in the morning for early chronotypes and evening for late chronotypes. It is unknown whether cognitive interventions are susceptible to such synchrony effects and could be optimised at certain times-of-day.ObjectiveA pilot study testing whether the effectiveness of cognitive bias modification (CBM) for facial emotion processing was improved when delivered at a time-of-day that was synchronised to chronotype.Methods173 healthy young adults (aged 18–25) with an early or late chronotype completed one online session of CBM training in either the morning (06:00 hours to 10:00 hours) or evening (18:00 hours to 22:00 hours).FindingsModerate evidence that participants learnt better (higher post-training balance point) when they completed CBM training in the synchronous (evening for late chronotypes, morning for early chronotypes) compared with asynchronous (morning for late chronotypes, evening for early chronotypes) condition, controlling for pre-training balance point, sleep quality and negative affect. There was also a group×condition interaction where late chronotypes learnt faster and more effectively in synchronous versus asynchronous conditions.ConclusionsPreliminary evidence that synchrony effects apply to this psychological intervention. Tailoring the delivery timing of CBM training to chronotype may optimise its effectiveness. This may be particularly important for late chronotypes who were less able to adapt to non-optimal times-of-day, possibly because they experience more social jetlag.Clinical implicationsTo consider delivery timing of CBM training when administering to early and late chronotypes. This may generalise to other psychological interventions and be relevant for online interventions where the timing can be flexible.
Principles and elements of patient-centredness in mental health services: a thematic analysis of a systematic review of reviews
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Azar Ghazaleh , Izadi Reyhane 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMental health disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are widespread globally and necessitate effective solutions. The patient-centred approach has been identified as a viable and effective method for addressing these challenges. This paper synthesised the principles of patient-centred mental health services and provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature.Materials and methodsThis is a qualitative content analysis study conducted in a systematic review framework in 2022. PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest and Cochrane databases were systematically searched, and by screening the titles, abstracts, and the texts of studies related to the purpose of the research, the data were extracted. Evaluation of the quality of the studies was done using the CASP checklist for qualitative studies. After selecting the final studies based on the entry and exit criteria, subsequently, a thematic analysis of findings was conducted on the data obtained from the systematic review.ResultsThe database search produced 6649 references. After screening, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality scores indicated the studies were of high level of quality with acceptable risk of bias. The thematic analysis identified six major principles of patient-centredness in mental health services: education, involvement and cooperation, access, effectiveness and safety, health and well-being, and ethics.ConclusionsPatient-centredness is a complex approach in mental health services. The principles and elements of patient-centredness foster positive patient outcomes, enhance healthcare quality and ensure compassionate and effective care. Upholding these principles is crucial for delivering patient-centred, ethical and effective mental health services. Furthermore, the study found that patient education can boost adherence and satisfaction, and decrease unnecessary hospitalisations. Patient involvement in decision-making is influenced by their age and the relationship with their psychologists. And, effective leadership and resource management can enhance clinical processes and patient-centredness in mental health services.
Dissecting the association between gut microbiota, body mass index and specific depressive symptoms: a mediation Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Yu Tong , Chen Chengfeng , Yang Yuqing , Wang Mingqia , Yang Yantianyu , Feng Wanting , Yuan Shiqi , Ma Xiancang , Li Jie , Zhang Bin 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundObservational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota (GM) composition and depression; however, evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking.AimsWe aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms as well as the mediating role of body mass index (BMI).MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis using genetic variants associated with GM and specific depressive symptoms from genome-wide association studies. The mediating role of BMI was subsequently explored using mediation analysis via two-step MR.ResultsMR evidence suggested theBifidobacteriumgenus (β=–0.03; 95% CI –0.05 to –0.02; p<0.001 and β=–0.03; 95% CI –0.05 to –0.02; p<0.001) and Actinobacteria phylum (β=–0.04; 95% CI –0.06 to –0.02; p<0.001 and β=–0.03; 95% CI –0.05 to –0.03; p=0.001) had protective effects on both anhedonia and depressed mood. The Actinobacteria phylum also had protective effects on appetite changes (β=–0.04; 95% CI –0.06 to –0.01; p=0.005), while the Family XI had an antiprotective effect (β=0.03; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.04; p<0.001). The Bifidobacteriaceae family (β=–0.01; 95% CI –0.02 to –0.01; p=0.001) and Actinobacteria phylum (β=–0.02; 95% CI –0.03 to –0.01; p=0.001) showed protective effects against suicidality. The two-step MR analysis revealed that BMI also acted as a mediating moderator between the Actinobacteria phylum and appetite changes (mediated proportion, 34.42%) and that BMI partially mediated the effect of theBifidobacteriumgenus (14.14% and 8.05%) and Actinobacteria phylum (13.10% and 8.31%) on both anhedonia and depressed mood.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Actinobacteria andBifidobacteriumon both depression and obesity. Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.
Sudden cardiac arrest in patients with cancer in the general population: insights from the Paris-SDEC registry
Authors: Weizman Orianne , Eslami Assié , Bougouin Wulfran , Beganton Frankie , Lamhaut Lionel , Jost Daniel , Dumas Florence , Cariou Alain , Marijon Eloi , Jouven Xavier , Mirabel Mariana 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundData on the management of patients with cancer presenting with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) are scarce. We aimed to assess the characteristics and outcomes of SCA according to cancer history.MethodsProspective, population-based registry including every out-of-hospital SCA in adults in Paris and its suburbs, between 2011 and 2019, with a specific focus on patients with cancer.ResultsOut of 4069 patients who had SCA admitted alive in hospital, 207 (5.1%) had current or past medical history of cancer. Patients with cancer were older (69.2 vs 59.3 years old, p<0.001), more often women (37.2% vs 28.0%, p=0.006) with more frequent underlying cardiovascular disease (41.1% vs 32.5%, p=0.01). SCA happened more often with a non-shockable rhythm (62.6% vs 43.1%, p<0.001) with no significant difference regarding witness presence and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed. Cardiac causes were less frequent among patients with cancer (mostly acute coronary syndromes, 25.5% vs 46.8%, p<0.001) and had more respiratory causes (pulmonary embolism and hypoxaemia in 34.2% vs 10.8%, p<0.001). Still, no difference regarding in-hospital survival was found after SCA in patients with cancer versus other patients (26.2% vs 29.8%, respectively, p=0.27). Public location, CPR by witness and shockable rhythm were independent predictors of in-hospital survival after SCA in the cancer group.ConclusionsOne in 20 SCA occurs in patients with a history of cancer, yet with fewer cardiac causes than in patients who are cancer-free. Still, in-hospital outcomes remain similar even in patients with known cancer. Cancer history should therefore not compromise the initiation of resuscitation in the context of SCA.