bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine art pedagogy after modernism: A case study of two pioneering art schools
Authors: Houghton Nicholas 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article is about changes in fine art pedagogy that took place at two North American institutions: Nova Scotia College of Art and Design from 1967 and California Institute of the Arts from 1970. At these, a radical, new paradigm of art pedagogy came to be developed, which has had widespread ramifications. This placed an emphasis on criticality, information and interdisciplinary practice rather than self-expression, formalism and media-specific instruction. It began as an onslaught on modernism, commodification and traditional art practice and discourse. However, through bringing process and enquiry to the fore, this paradigm came to accommodate work in any medium, whether traditional or not, provided it could be explained and justified. Although some aspects of these institution’s pedagogy, such as their formal assessment regimes, would seem very unfamiliar today, in general the pedagogy they developed has come to dominate fine art courses throughout the world. By providing this historical account, it is intended that the present day context is brought into sharper focus.
Energetic investigation of the fatigue of wood
Authors: Sasaki Yasutoshi , Oya Ayaka , Yamasaki Mariko 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
There are gaps in our knowledge regarding temporal changes in wood stability and mechanical properties in the context of wood durability. Energetic analyses have been performed in this study based on experimental results on the bending fatigue of wood under multiple loading conditions. New findings regarding the fatigue limit and fatigue life (N
f) are presented. The strain energy (SE) obtained from stress-strain envelopes until wood reaches its N
f is a value specific to wood species and static strength regardless of the loading conditions. This value is about 50% higher than the SE in static tests. The relationship between mean energy loss (EL) and stress level (SL) to the point of fatigue failure is bilinear, and the mean EL is closely related to N
f. Moreover, the SL – when mean EL approaches a specific value (∼1.10 kJ m-3 per cycle) as N
f approaches infinity – is considered to be the fatigue limit; the latter is estimated to be about 20–30% of static strength.
The Shushufindi Adventure
Authors: Marin Gustavo , Paladines Agustin , Suter Andreas , Corbett Chip , Ponce Gustavo , Vela Ivan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The Shushufindi field represents 10% of the total production of Ecuador. Discovered in 1972 with an estimated 3.7 billion bbls OOIP, it achieved a maximum production rate of 125,000 bopd in 1986. Since then, the field has been in decline reaching 43,000 bopd in January 2012 with a recovery factor of 30%. Consorcio Shushufindi was formed to address this decline, boosting production to over 65,000 bopd by Aug 2013. This dramatic improvement has been achieved through a gain share agreement which has seen 45 new wells and 35 workovers during the first 18 months of the contract. Prior to the contract signing, a “Shock Team” created the preliminary subsurface modeling estimations and generated the activity plan which included de-bottlenecking of the surface facilities to optimize production.
In order to maintain accelerated production and a rapid drilling program, the Asset Integrated Management center (AIM), a specialized real-time monitoring system, was created. This center is located in Quito, Ecuador, and remotely monitors field operations. Most of the wells in the field have been converted to artificial lift using electric submersible pumps (ESPs). Each of these ESPs sends data via a supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to the AIM so that pump parameters are continuously optimized and failures are quickly addressed, optimizing production. Additionally, each new well that is drilled has a team in the AIM to monitor the progress of the well and all acquired data. New wells are compared to the knowledge base established by previous wells and the drilling parameters are optimized for the new well. Consequently, the required time for drilling and completion of new wells has progressively improved. This paper presents the techniques implemented by the team, the results to date, and the prognosis for the future of the field.
Reinforcement in inflection classes: Two cues may be better than one
Authors: Enger Hans-Olav 
Published: September 2014

The paper presents examples of inflection class reinforcement, where an inflection class becomes more different from its neighbours than it was. This is a manifestation of a diachronic tendency for more overt marking, similar to Kuryłowicz’ first law for analogy. It is also a manifestation of redundancy, which is characteristic of inflection. If inflection classes do not serve any purpose (as claimed by, for example, Wurzel 1986 ), it would seem strange that they should be strengthened. So, classes are not mere junk; reinforcement of class distinctions (polarisation) testifies to the autonomy of morphology (cf., for example, Aronoff 1994 , Carstairs-McCarthy 2010 , Maiden 2011 ).A change in Swedish conjugation is argued to be reinforcement. We consider a case where declension wins over gender in Norwegian, the opposite of what has been claimed to be the norm for that language. That case is also reinforcement. I suggest that reinforcement may be thought of as a kind of simplification. That also fits with the geographical distribution of a specific change. The paper also presents some evidence that a fairly ‘concrete’ definition of inflection classes can sometimes be useful.Inflection classes often latch on to extra-morphological properties in the cases examined, as claimed by Natural Morphology ( Wurzel 1984 ). Yet it is problematic for Wurzel that inflection classes (mere ‘ballast’, in his view, Wurzel 1986 : 76) should be strengthened. The finding is, however, expected if ‘[…] autonomously morphological structure […] can be a dynamic, self-reinforcing factor in morphological change’ ( Maiden 2005 : 168).
An audit of lidocaine spray and its use in endoscopy with particular attention to its ethanol content
Authors: Farrukh Affifa , Stewart James 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Objective: The aim was to investigate the attitude of patients about to undergo upper gastrointestinal endoscopy toward the use of an oral lidocaine spray which contained alcohol.
Materials and Method: It is customary to offer patients about to undergo a gastroscopy intravenous sedation, an oral local anesthetic spray or a combination of both. However, the presence of alcohol within the oral spray is seldom discussed with patients. There are some religious groups, such as fundamentalist Christians and Muslims, who will only consider the use of alcohol in exceptional circumstances. There are also others who are reluctant to use it for a range of reasons. One hundred patients undergoing a diagnostic gastroscopy because of dyspeptic symptoms at the University Hospitals of Leicester were provided with an information sheet about sedation. Of the 100 patients asked to take part in the audit 25 were South Asian. Eleven of these patients were Muslim and 11 Hindu. Results: Fifteen patients declined to use the spray (13 Europeans and 2 South Asians). The reasons varied with only two doing so for religious reasons. One of the patients was a Muslim and the other a Christian. However, almost 90% of people believed all patients should be told of the alcohol content of the oral spray so as to allow them to make an informed choice. Conclusion: All patients who are to undergo an endoscopy should be told of the alcohol content of any oral anesthetic spray, so that they can make an informed choice as to whether they wish to receive it.
A case of severe multifocal enteritis caused by unusual pattern of Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Authors: Kim Sung Bum , Kim Tae Nyeun , Kim Kook Hyun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA 58-year-old male visited our hospital with a complaint of epigastric pain for 2 days. Physical examination showed no purpuric skin lesion. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed concentric segmental wall thickening of the duodenum. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed diffuse erythematous mucosa with exudates at the duodenum. On 4th hospital day, he developed hematochezia. colonoscopy showed circumferential erythematous mucosa with ulcerative hemorrhage at terminal ileum. The microscopic examination identified lots of neutrophil infiltration and deposition of immunoglobulin A (IgA) on vascular endothelium. Treatment with oral prednisone 40 mg was initiated. On 19th day, the patient developed hematuria and proteinuria. Histologic examination on renal biopsy showed focal proliferative glomerulonephritis and strongly positive IgA staining in the glomerular mesangium. Severe hemorrhagic mucosa on endoscopy, deposition of IgA on kidney and intestinal vascular endothelium suggests the diagnosis of Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP). We report severe multifocal enteritis caused by unusual pattern of HSP.
An unusual case of hematemesis: Spontaneous reno-duodenal fistula
Authors: Francesco Vincenzo De , Castellucci Franca , Balzano Silverio , Zullo Angelo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDifferent diseases may cause gastrointestinal bleeding. A fistula infrequently manifest with severe intestinal bleeding, when excluding those directly involving vascular structures. We described a case of upper digestive bleeding by a spontaneous renal-duodenal fistula in the patient with kidney cancer. Bleeding was successfully stopped by transarterial embolization.
Orthogonal Bundles and Skew-Hamiltonian Matrices
Authors: Abuaf Roland , Boralevi Ada 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUsing properties of skew-Hamiltonian matrices and classic connectedness results, we prove that themoduli space M0ort (r, n) of stable rank r orthogonal vector bundles on ℙ2, with Chern classes (c1, c2) = (0, n) and trivial splitting on the general line, is smooth irreducible of dimension We speculate that the result holds in greater generality.
An Auto-Landing Solution for a Drop Test RLV Demonstrator
Authors: Yong-Tao Peng , Yue-Ping Wang , Wen-Ling Wei , Xiao-Ting Wang 
Published: September 2014

Unpowered drop test is very important for reusable launch vehicle (RLV) autolanding technology development. One of the challenges is to design an autolanding trajectory with enough robustness against uncertainties of drop conditions, aerodynamic characteristic and disturbances from control system and environment. In this paper, a solution including trajectory generation and control design is proposed for a drop test RLV demonstrator. Firstly, the drop test and vertical flight trajectory are introduced. Also, parts of the drop flight, segments of landing trajecory and trajectory design parameters in groups are shown. Secondly, an online trajectory generation method including self-adapted capture segment plan and landing trajectory optimization following UAV auto-landing experience are illustrated in detail by designing groups of parameters. Then, simple but practical gain schedule control laws are presented. Finally, mathematic simulation and analysis based on both RSS and Monte Carlo methods indicate that the solution proposed has shown an acceptable robustness and can provide enough capability for the demonstrator to land saftly.
GaN transistors on Si for switching and high-frequency applications
Authors: Ueda Tetsuzo , Ishida Masahiro , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Ueda Daisuke 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, recent advances of GaN transistors on Si for switching and high-frequency applications are reviewed. Novel epitaxial structures including superlattice interlayers grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) relieve the strain and eliminate the cracks in the GaN over large-diameter Si substrates up to 8 in. As a new device structure for high-power switching application, Gate Injection Transistors (GITs) with a p-AlGaN gate over an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure successfully achieve normally-off operations maintaining high drain currents and low on-state resistances. Note that the GITs on Si are free from current collapse up to 600 V, by which the drain current would be markedly reduced after the application of high drain voltages. Highly efficient operations of an inverter and DC–DC converters are presented as promising applications of GITs for power switching. The high efficiencies in an inverter, a resonant LLC converter, and a point-of-load (POL) converter demonstrate the superior potential of the GaN transistors on Si. As for high-frequency transistors, AlGaN/GaN heterojuction field-effect transistors (HFETs) on Si designed specifically for microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies demonstrate a sufficiently high output power at these frequencies. Output powers of 203 W at 2.5 GHz and 10.7 W at 26.5 GHz are achieved by the fabricated GaN transistors. These devices for switching and high-frequency applications are very promising as future energy-efficient electronics because of their inherent low fabrication cost and superior device performance.
Growth of high-indium-content InGaN:Mg thin films by MBE method with dual RF nitrogen plasma cells
Authors: Sato Yuichi , Matsunaga Tatsuya , Takemoto Hiroki , Murakami Yoshifumi , Muraki Yuhei , Ishizaki Syota 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Mg-doped high-In-content In
x
Ga1−

x
N (x ∼ 0.35) thin films were grown on a c-face sapphire substrate using an MBE apparatus having dual RF nitrogen plasma cells. The films showed p-type conduction under certain cell temperatures of Mg. The p-type conduction was confirmed by electrolyte-based capacitance–voltage measurement on an In
x
Ga1−

x
N:Mg/In2O3/sapphire structure, in addition to thermo-electromotive force measurements.
The formation of the recent cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and the associated climate impacts: A competition of global warming, IPO, and AMO
Authors: Dong Lu , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe cooling trend in the eastern tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) during 1979–2008 is examined by using a wide variety of data sets for the ocean and atmosphere. The results show that the cooling trend is statistically significant at the 10% level out of the equator rather than along the equator. Diagnostic analysis indicates that the SST cooling in the eastern tropical Pacific is resulted from a competition of global warming mode, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) mode, and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) mode. The cooling trend is preliminarily dominated by the phase transition of IPO from positive to negative phases in the year around 1998/1999, which overwhelms the effect of global warming in past three decades. Quantitative estimates based on the average of four different SST data sets indicate that the global warming mode offsets more than half of the cooling effect of IPO mode. The phase transition of AMO during 1990s causes a weak warming trend in the eastern tropical Pacific and partly weakens the cooling, making the trend along the equator less significant. Climate impacts associated with global warming mode, IPO mode, and AMO mode are further examined. The surface air temperature cooling over the eastern tropical Pacific, the easterly wind anomaly along the Pacific equator, the enhanced zonal gradient in sea level pressure over tropical Pacific, and the increased precipitation over the Asian monsoon region during 1979–2008 are dominated by the phase transition of IPO.
Nonisotropic radiation of the 2013 North Korean nuclear explosion
Authors: Vavryčuk Václav , Kim So Gu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOn 12 February 2013, North Korea conducted an underground nuclear test in the northeastern mountainous part of the country. The explosion reached magnitude mb = 5.1 being recorded at most of seismic stations around the world and becoming one of the best ever recorded nuclear explosions in history. Similarly, as other nuclear explosions buried in Nevada, Kazakhstan, or China, the 2013 North Korean explosion is characterized by a significant nonisotropic radiation. This radiation is manifested by distinct SH and Love waves in the wave field and is inconsistent with the model of a spherically symmetric source. We show that the Love waves are not generated by a tectonic earthquake triggered on a nearby fault structures but produced by asymmetry of the explosive source caused by presence of deviatoric stress in the surrounding rock. The retrieved moment tensor of the 2013 explosion is characterized by the isotropic component of 57 ± 5%, the double‐couple component of 17 ± 9%, and the compensated linear vector dipole component of 24 ± 7%. The P, T, and N axes of the moment tensor are consistent with the principal axes of the regional tectonic stress in the Korean Peninsula. A comparison of waveforms and particle motions of the 2013 explosion and the previous North Korean nuclear explosion buried in 2009 indicates that the 2013 explosion was slightly more nonisotropic.
Solid‐state Sensors for Field Measurements of Gases and Vapors
Authors: Mujahid Adnan , Lieberzeit Peter A. , Dickert Franz L. 
Published: September 2014

Remote and infield analysis is developing into a crucial aspect of modern analytical chemistry. Chemical sensors, which are small measuring devices consisting of a recognition layer, a transducer, and the measurement electronics, have proven to be highly suitable tools for this purpose. Although usually they are constructed for the detection of very limited amounts of chemical compounds and often do not reach the detection limits of modern analytical instruments, they show very desirable advantages: the systems are easy to operate, mostly rugged, small, of good value, and can be manufactured by established technological methods. Owing to their size and ruggedness, they can even be operated in harsh environments and often can be constructed to be suitable for remote measurements, where several sensors are interrogated by a central analytical site.Devices being used include optical fibers, field‐effect transistors (FETs), electrochemical cells (be they potentiometric or amperometric), and mass‐sensitive components of all kinds. The chemically sensitive coatings range from bare transducer surfaces to dyes reacting with analyte or sterically specific binding sites (e.g. host–guest complexes). A seeming drawback is the fact that only few sensors react specifically toward one defined component but normally show a sensitivity pattern toward chemically related substances. By using an array of several components followed by modern methods of data evaluation (such as neural networks), a group of analytes can be detected and characterized simultaneously. This article introduces device and recognition layer principles as well as covering field sensors published during the last one and a half decades based on all the different kinds of transducers and sensor layers. Some of the devices (such as the lambda probe) are already marketed, others are developed to a stage where field measurements have already been carried out, but which are not market‐ready.
Censored Data
Authors: McCool John I. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTypes of censoring are described and how the various types occur is explained. Hazard plotting, Herd–Johnson, and the Kaplan–Meier methods for nonparametric estimation of a cumulative distribution function (CDF) are explained and the computations illustrated in a numerical example. Asymptotic results are presented for parametric point and interval estimation in the presence of censored data. Exact confidence limits for the parameters of the exponential and Weibull distribution under Type 2 censoring are described and discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ranking and Selection Among Mutual Funds
Authors: Vinod H. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis chapter is concerned with implications of statistical methods for practical problems in Finance for millions of common people. After some introductory discussion of Financial terms we compare professional stock pickers with random choices. While probability distributions of portfolio returns,f(r), are important, they may be influenced by fundamental variables including momentum in prices, profitability of underlying business and many such criteria. We discuss statistical underpinnings of combinatorial fusion analysis (CFA) used by computer scientists for combining ‘ranks and scores’ associated with various criteria in our context. We evaluate which f(r) enjoys ‘stochastic dominance’ in a set of investment opportunities and show how to use ‘decision weights’ on dominating f(r) to individualize our evaluations allowing asymmetric attitudes towards losses versus gains.
Ordering of Insurance Risk
Authors: Rüschendorf Ludger 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Ordering of risks is a basic tool for analyzing risks and their premiums. It is an extension of the classical mean‐variance approach of Markovitz. We introduce some of the basic orderings as stochastic order and stop loss order and present some applications for the comparison of individual and collective risk models, to the diversification of risks and to reinsurance contracts. In particular, we demonstrate the dramatic influence of positive dependence in a risk portfolio on the total risk. Obtaining sharp bounds on the influence of positive dependence in a portfolio on the total risk is an actual active research area.
Role of Alternative Assets in Portfolio Construction
Authors: Mulvey John M. , Kim Woo Chang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

This article discusses the role of nontraditional assets in constructing a portfolio for long‐term investors. Alternative investments can provide novel patterns of returns and increase diversification benefits. In turn, investors can apply leverage in conjunction with wide diversification to improve their risk‐adjusted performance. The concepts are illustrated
via
popular categories of alternative investments. We focus on long‐term investors who are able to rebalance their portfolios on a regular basis. Careful risk management is critical in this domain.
Value at Risk (
Va
R
) and Risk Measures
Authors: Schmitt Christian , Zagst Rudi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this article, we present different ways of measuring and quantifying risk. We discuss the theoretical background of several risk measures and illustrate their potentials and limitations. Giving a historical overview, we start with the variance and lower partial moments and present the concepts of shortfall probability and expected shortfall. The main focus of this article is the value at risk, one of the most important risk measures in the financial services industry. We analyze different calculation methods, which use historical data or simulations. Finally, we discuss the concept of coherence that is a set of requirements, which a suitable risk measure should meet.
Environmental Performance Index
Authors: Srebotnjak Tanja 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The Pilot 2006 Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is an aggregate measure of a country's policy results to achieve 16 performance targets in protecting human environmental health and maintaining ecological vitality. The objective underlying the EPI is to move the environmental debate from emotional and rhetoric arguments to more data‐ and evidence‐based action that facilitates performance tracking and accountability of decision makers. The EPI thereby helps to fill a significant gap in environmental policy making and supports the international community's ongoing effort to curb extreme poverty and promote human development through an ambitious measurement initiative called the
Millennium Development Goals
.