bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inter‐/Intra‐observer Reliability of Hand Assessment Using Skin Detail: A Count‐based Method
Authors: Malone Christina A. , Salyards Michael J. , Hein Meredith 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSkin detail of the hand is used in photographic comparisons, yet its reliability has not been evaluated. This study examines a count‐based method for documenting skin features. In Part I, 14 individuals counted skin features on 40 color images of the hand, three of which were repeated. An average correlation value of 0.557 was obtained for interobserver assessment; values ranged from 0.545 to 0.832 for intra‐observer assessment. The variation in correlation values for hands suggests that there are certain distinguishing characteristics that increase reliability. In Part II, 17 examiners assessed 20 nonrepeated grayscale images of hands by circling skin features. An average correlation value of 0.674 was obtained, but visual assessment of examiner markings suggested some examiners grouped features whereas others viewed them individually. The results suggest further research is warranted, some hands may be more suitable for comparisons, and a standardized method for examining skin features is needed.
Sudden Cardiac Death in a Young Man with Migraine‐associated Arrhythmia
Authors: Monroe Darren J. , Meehan John T. , Schandl Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA 31‐year‐old man with migraine‐induced syncope and bradycardia with subsequent pacemaker implantation died unexpectedly. Clinically unsuspected cardiac anomalies were found at autopsy including myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery and shelf‐like coronary artery ostia. Nortriptyline was identified by toxicologic analysis. A review of the autopsy findings, the historical information, and the effects of the possible arrhythmogenic circumstances is undertaken and the potential contributions to the death are discussed. Cardiac arrhythmias have been documented during migraines. Coronary artery bridging has been known to lead to ischemia and infarction, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death; however, these are very rare sequelae. Congenital coronary artery anomalies have been linked to sudden cardiac death, but only rarely cause death in people younger than 31 years. Migraines and the autopsy findings described have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. Altogether, they led to the unexpected death of this young man.
Fatal Eurasian Brown Bear Attacks—Two Swedish Fatalities in Modern Times
Authors: Gustafsson Torfinn , Eriksson Anders 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFatal bear attacks on humans are uncommon with only one reported case in Sweden since 1902. The bear population is, however, growing and the frequency of confrontations is likely to increase. Case I‐A 40‐year‐old hunter and his dog were found dead near a bear's den. Autopsy showed that a large portion of the face, facial skeleton, and anterior portion of the brain was missing. Autopsy of the bear showed two nonfatal gunshot wounds. Case II‐A 61‐year‐old man and his dog were found dead outside a hunting lodge. Autopsy revealed numerous wounds, including partial evisceration of the intestines. The victim's blood ethanol concentration was 0.27%. These cases confirm the presence of risk factors identified by the Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project, that is, provocation by a dog, encountering an injured bear, and appearing close to its den. An additional possible factor in case II was ethanol intoxication.
Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber Isolated from Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea[L.] Verdc.)
Authors: Diedericks Claudine F. , Jideani Victoria A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBambara groundnut (BGN) is a widely cultivated legume with a rich nutritional profile, yet despite its many benefits it still remains underutilized. To highlight its potential value, 4 BGN varieties—brown, red, black eye, and brown eye were subjected to sequential enzymatic treatments followed by centrifugation to obtain the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) fraction. The IDFs were vacuum‐dried and evaluated for color, hydration properties, fat absorption, polyphenolic compounds, neutral sugars, and uronic acids. An optimized white bread formulation was also determined using brown BGN‐IDF in an optimal (IV) mixture design. Three mixture components constrained at lower and upper limits (water: 57% to 60%, yeast: 2.3% to 5.3%, and BGN‐IDF: 7% to 10%) were evaluated for their effects on responses of specific loaf volume, gumminess, chewiness, and resilience of the loaves. All BGN‐IDFs differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) across all color parameters. Polyphenols were significantly (P≤ 0.05) highest in red and brown BGN‐IDFs. Arabinose/galactose (31.04% to 37.12%), xylose (16.53% to 27.30%), and mannose (14.48% to 22.24%) were the major sugars identified. Swelling capacity was significantly (P≤ 0.05) highest for brown eye BGN‐IDF (7.72 ± 0.49 mL/g). Water retention capacity ranged from 1.63 to 2.01 g water/g dry weight. Fat absorption for red BGN‐IDF differed significantly (P≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the best optimal white bread formulation enriched with brown BGN‐IDF was established with numerical optimization at 59.5% water, 4.3% yeast, and 8.5% BGN‐IDF. Overall positive physicochemical and functional properties were observed for BGN‐IDFs, and it was shown that an optimal white bread enriched with BGN‐IDF could be produced.
Inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus in Oat and Soya Drinks by Enterocin AS‐48 in Combination with Other Antimicrobials
Authors: Burgos María José Grande , Aguayo Mª Carmen López , Pulido Rubén Pérez , Gálvez Antonio , López Rosario Lucas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe presence of toxicogenic Staphylococcus aureus in foods and the dissemination of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in the food chain are matters of concern. In the present study, the circular bacteriocin enterocin AS‐48, applied singly or in combination with phenolic compounds (carvacrol, eugenol, geraniol, and citral) or with 2‐nitro‐1‐propanol (2NPOH), was investigated in the control of a cocktail made from 1 methicillin‐sensitive and 1 MRSA strains inoculated on commercial oat and soya drinks. Enterocin AS‐48 exhibited low bactericidal activity against staphylococci in the drinks investigated when applied singly. The combinations of sub‐inhibitory concentrations of enterocin AS‐48 (25 μg/mL) and phenolic compounds or 2NPOH caused complete inactivation of staphylococci in the drinks within 24 h of incubation at 22 °C. When tested in oat and soya drinks stored for 7 d at 10 °C, enterocin AS‐48 (25 μg/mL) in combination with 2NPOH (5.5 mM) reduced viable counts rapidly in the case of oat drink (4.2 log cycles after 12 h) or slowly in soya drink (3.8 log cycles after 3 d). The same combined treatment applied on drinks stored at 22 °C achieved a fast inactivation of staphylococci within 12 to 24 h in both drinks, and no viable staphylococci were detected for up to 7 d of storage. Results from the study highlight the potential of enterocin AS‐48 in combination with 2NPOH for inactivation of staphylococci.
Improvement of Fish Sauce Quality by Strain CMC5‐3‐1: A Novel Species ofStaphylococcussp.
Authors: Udomsil Natteewan , Rodtong Sureelak , Tanasupawat Somboon , Yongsawatdigul Jirawat 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStaphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 and CMS5‐7‐5 isolated from fermented fish sauce at 3 to 7 mo, respectively, showed different characteristics on protein hydrolysis and volatile formation. These Gram‐positive cocci were able to grow in up to 15% NaCl with the optimum at 0.5% to 5% NaCl in tryptic soy broth. Based on ribosomal 16S rRNA gene sequences,Staphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 and CMS5‐7‐5 showed 99.0% similarity to that ofStaphylococcus piscifermentansJCM 6057T, but DNA–DNA relatedness was <30%, indicating that they were likely to be new species. DNA relatedness between these 2 strains was only 65%, suggesting that they also belonged to different species. The α‐amino group content of 6‐month‐old fish sauce inoculated withStaphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 was 740.5 mM, which was higher than that inoculated by the strain CMS5‐7‐5 (662.14 mM,P< 0.05). Histamine was not produced during fermentations with both strains. Fish sauce inoculated withStaphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 showed the highest content of total glutamic acid (P< 0.05). The major volatile compound detected in fish sauce inoculated withStaphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 was 2‐methypropanal, contributing to the desirable dark chocolate note.Staphylococcussp. CMC5‐3‐1 could be applied as a starter culture to improve the umami and aroma of fish sauce.
Uptake of milk with and without solid feed during the monogastric phase: Effect on fibrolytic and methanogenic microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of calves
Authors: Guzman Cesar E. , Bereza‐Malcolm Lara T. , De Groef Bert , Franks Ashley E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMicrobial communities are affected by diet and play a role in the successful transition from milk to a solid diet. The response of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of Holstein bull calves to the uptake of milk with solid feed (control treatment; CT), or milk without solid feed (milk‐only treatment; MT) during the first 3 weeks of life was investigated. Samples were collected from the rumen (fluid and tissue), abomasum (fluid), cecum (fluid and tissue) and feces at 7, 14 and 20 days of age. Calf weight was higher on days 14 and 20 in the MT than the CT. In the rumen at 14 days, the fibrolytic bacteria Fibrobacter succinogenes and Prevotella ruminicola increased in the CT and Ruminococcus flavefaciens increased in the MT. This suggests that R. flavefaciens is not strictly fibrolytic and that it might use milk as a substrate or other microbial species might supply a substrate. Diet affected methanogens, but this may have been due to an indirect effect via an association with Geobacter spp. or other syntrophic partners. The treatments also affected microorganisms in the abomasum, cecum and feces. Our results contribute to an understanding of diet, microbes in the gastrointestinal tract and weaning.
Randomized trial of allergen‐induced asthmatic response in smokers and non‐smokers: effects of inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Cahn A. , Boyce M. , Mistry S. , Musani N. , Rambaran C. , Storey J. , Ventresca P. , Michel O. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundIt is thought that asthmatics who smoke cigarettes respond less well to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy than asthmatics who do not smoke.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of smoking on allergen‐induced airway responses in asthmatics treated with ICS.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, crossover study evaluating twice daily fluticasone propionate (FP) 100 μg, FP 500 μg and placebo, for 7 days, on allergen‐induced asthmatic responses in 18 non‐smoking and 17 smoking atopic asthmatics (NCT01400906). At 1 h post‐morning dose on Day 6, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was measured up to 10 h post‐challenge. Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO), induced sputum cell counts, and responsiveness to methacholine were assessed the following day.ResultsThe late asthmatic response (LAR) was suppressed by FP in smokers and non‐smokers; with placebo, the LAR was also attenuated in smokers versus non‐smokers (adjusted mean minimum change in FEV1 (L) over 4–10 h [95% CI] in non‐smokers: placebo −1.01 [1.31, 0.70], FP 100 μg −0.38 [0.54, 0.22], FP 500 μg −0.35 [0.54–0.22]; and in smokers: placebo −0.63 [0.84, 0.43]; FP 100 μg −0.44 [0.65, 0.23]; FP 500 μg −0.46 [0.59–0.32]). The Early AR was suppressed by FP treatment in non‐smokers, but was not impacted in smokers. The reduction in methacholine hyperresponsiveness after FP was greater in non‐smokers (1.5‐ and twofold doubling dose difference from placebo after FP 100 μg and FP 500 μg) than smokers (1.0 and 1.3 difference, respectively). Allergen‐induced increases in eNO and sputum eosinophils were lower in smokers than non‐smokers and were suppressed in both groups by FP.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceAllergen‐induced LARs were of a similar amplitude in both smoking and non‐smoking atopic asthmatics at the end of ICS treatment, but attenuation of the LAR in smokers was only partly associated with ICS treatment. The marked attenuation of the LAR observed in smokers in the absence of ICS treatment is a novel observation.
Sex‐biased survivorship and differences in migration of wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts from two coastal Oregon rivers
Authors: Thompson Neil F. , Leblanc Camille A. , Romer Jeremy D. , Schreck Carl B. , Blouin Michael S. , Noakes David L.G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn salmonids with partial migration, females are more likely than males to undergo smoltification and migrate to the ocean (vs. maturing in freshwater). However, it is not known whether sex affects survivorship during smolt migration (from fresh water to entry into the ocean). We captured wild steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts in two coastal Oregon rivers (USA) and collected fin tissue samples for genetic sex determination (2009; N = 70 in the Alsea and N = 69 in the Nehalem, 2010; N = 25 in the Alsea). We implanted acoustic tags and monitored downstream migration and survival until entry in to the Pacific Ocean. Survival was defined as detection at an estuary/ocean transition array. We found no effect of sex on smolt survivorship in the Nehalem River in 2009, or in the Alsea River in 2010. However, males exhibited significantly lower survival than females in the Alsea River during 2009. Residency did not influence this result as an equal proportion of males and females did not reach the estuary entrance (11% of males, 9% of females). The sexes did not differ in timing or duration of migration, so those variables seem unlikely to explain sex‐biased survivorship. Larger males had higher odds of survival than smaller males in 2009, but the body size of females did not affect survivorship. The difference in survivorship between years in the Alsea River could be due to flow conditions, which were higher in 2010 than in 2009. Our findings suggest that sex may affect steelhead smolt survival during migration, but that the difference in survivorship may be weak and not a strong factor influencing adult sex ratios.
Influences of Parental Care and Food Deprivation on Regulation of Body Mass in a Burying Beetle
Authors: Trumbo Stephen T. , Xhihani Ervis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChanges in adult body mass during breeding can reveal how parents prepare energetically for care, the stress of care, and the need to terminate care in a state conducive for future reproduction. Interpreting changes in parent mass can be difficult, however, because temporal variation in body mass may reflect a constraint imposed by the stress of care, revealing conflict within the family, or a shift to a new body mass optimum adaptive for a different stage of the breeding cycle. Here, we examined the effect of food deprivation and parenting on variation in female body mass of Nicrophorus orbicollis, an insect in which parents and offspring share a common food resource (a prepared carrion ball). Female parents demonstrated a remarkable degree of regulation of body mass: Despite varied periods of food deprivation (0–8 d) prior to discovery of a carcass, females attained a similar body mass (108.3–109.2% of pre‐deprivation mass) at the time of larval hatching. Females attained a greater body mass in anticipation of rearing a greater number of young. Mothers lost mass during active parental care, and mass at the end of caregiving was less in mothers that reared more and heavier young. Body mass at the end of care was less than the preferred mass for females searching for a carcass, indicating that the mothers sacrificed self‐maintenance and future reproductive potential for their current brood. Contrary to prediction, pre‐breeding food deprivation had no effect on offspring size or on female condition at the end of care. We conclude that there is a limited degree of conflict over the sharing of food among N. orbicollis parents and offspring, but that this conflict is not exacerbated by food deprivation prior to breeding.
The Brain Science Interface
Authors: Simpson Sean L. , Burdette Jonathan H. , Laurienti Paul J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The human brain consists of billions of neurons clustered into many different regions, each of which work together to give rise to complex human behaviour. But understanding how these regions are networked together – and the effect trauma and disease might have on network functions – requires greater statistical input. Sean L. Simpson, Jonathan H. Burdette and Paul J. Laurienti discuss neuroscience past and present, and how statistics can help its future
Effect of TiC Nanoinclusions on Thermoelectric and Mechanical Performance of Polycrystalline In4Se2.65
Authors: Li Gen , Yang Junyou , Xiao Ye , Fu Liangwei , Luo Yubo , Zhang Dan , Liu Ming , Li Weixin , Zhang Mingyang 
Published: August 2015

Uniformly dispersed TiC nanoparticle strengthened In4Se2.65 composites have been fabricated by a combined process of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot pressing (HP) successfully. Due to the good electrical conductivity and the extra phonon scattering effect of the TiC nanoinclusions, the electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity decrease with the TiC content up to 0.8 wt%, and a maximum ZT of 0.98 at 723 K was achieved in the sample with 0.8 wt% TiC. Taking account of the measurement uncertainly, the enhancement of ZT value by TiC nanoinclusions is less obvious. On the other hand, the mechanical performance of In4Se2.65 can be effectively improved by TiC nanoinclusions due to the dispersive strengthening effect of the nanoinclusions, and the flexural strength of the sample with 0.8 wt% TiC is improved to 73 MPa, which is over 40% higher than that of the pristine sample.
Temperature Distributions During Flash Sintering of 8% Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Pereira da Silva João Gustavo , Lebrun Jean‐Marie , Al‐Qureshi Hazim Ali , Janssen Rolf , Raj Rishi 
Published: August 2015

Flash sintering is a nonlinear phenomenon characterized by a sharp increase in the conductivity of the sample and concomitant rapid densification under an electric field in low temperatures in a matter of seconds. Since it is a transient phenomenon, the power dissipation on the sample is not uniform during the process. Thus, a transient analysis is needed to estimate the temperature of the sample during flash sintering due to Joule heating. In this work, the Finite Element Method on a coupled electrothermal nonlinear analysis was used in order to obtain the specimen temperature of 8YSZ after 5 s of flashing. The results agree with the experimental data obtained by the flashing of dense samples and with previous literature.
Adapting a large database of point of care summarized guidelines: a process description
Authors: Delvaux Nicolas , Van de Velde Stijn , Aertgeerts Bert , Goossens Martine , Fauquert Benjamin , Kunnamo Ilka , Van Royen Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesQuestions posed at the point of care (POC) can be answered using POC summarized guidelines. To implement a national POC information resource, we subscribed to a large database of POC summarized guidelines to complement locally available guidelines. Our challenge was in developing a sustainable strategy for adapting almost 1000 summarized guidelines. The aim of this paper was to describe our process for adapting a database of POC summarized guidelines.MethodsAn adaptation process based on the ADAPTE framework was tailored to be used by a heterogeneous group of participants. Guidelines were assessed on content and on applicability to the Belgian context. To improve efficiency, we chose to first aim our efforts towards those guidelines most important to primary care doctors.ResultsOver a period of 3 years, we screened about 80% of 1000 international summarized guidelines. For those guidelines identified as most important for primary care doctors, we noted that in about half of the cases, remarks were made concerning content. On the other hand, at least two‐thirds of all screened guidelines required no changes when evaluating their local usability.ConclusionsAdapting a large body of POC summarized guidelines using a formal adaptation process is possible, even when faced with limited resources. This can be done by creating an efficient and collaborative effort and ensuring user‐friendly procedures. Our experiences show that even though in most cases guidelines can be adopted without adaptations, careful review of guidelines developed in a different context remains necessary. Streamlining international efforts in adapting international POC information resources and adopting similar adaptation processes may lessen duplication efforts and prove more cost‐effective.
Randomized comparison of daclatasvir + asunaprevir versus telaprevir + peginterferon/ribavirin in Japanese hepatitis C virus patients
Authors: Kumada Hiromitsu , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Toyota Joji , Karino Yoshiyasu , Chayama Kazuaki , Kawakami Yoshiiku , Fujiyama Shigetoshi , Ito Takayoshi , Itoh Yoshito , Tamura Etsuko , Ueki Tomoko , Ishikawa Hiroki , Hu Wenhua , McPhee Fiona , Linaberry Misti , Hughes Eric 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackground and AimDaclatasvir combined with asunaprevir is the first all‐oral, ribavirin‐free treatment of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b infection in Japan. This study compared the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir versus telaprevir plus peginterferon/ribavirin in Japanese treatment‐naive patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b.MethodsTreatment‐naive patients (20–70 years; baseline viral load, ≥100,000 IU/mL) were randomly assigned (stratified by IL28B rs8099917 TT/non‐TT status) to receive either daclatasvir 60 mg tablets once daily and asunaprevir 100 mg softgel capsules twice daily for 24 weeks or telaprevir 750 mg (3 × 250 mg tablets) three times daily for 12 weeks and peginterferon/ribavirin per Japanese prescribing information for 24 weeks. A cohort of prior relapsers to peginterferon/ribavirin (20–75 years; baseline viral load, ≥100,000 IU/mL) received daclatasvir plus asunaprevir.ResultsIn treatment‐naive patients, sustained virologic response at post‐treatment week 12 in daclatasvir plus asunaprevir recipients was non‐inferior (treatment difference, +25.8% in favor of daclatasvir plus asunaprevir) and higher (89.1%, 106/119) than telaprevir plus peginterferon/ribavirin recipients (62.2%, 69/111); sustained viral response was achieved in 95.5% (n = 21/22) of relapsers. Numerically, fewer patients receiving daclatasvir plus asunaprevir compared with telaprevir plus peginterferon/ribavirin experienced serious adverse events (4.2% vs. 5.4%), adverse events leading to discontinuation of any drug (5.0% vs. 62.2%), grade 3/4 treatment‐related adverse events (14.3% vs. 72.1%), rash‐related events (0% vs. 13.5%), or anemia (0% vs. 47.7%).ConclusionMarked differences were observed in the efficacy and safety profile of daclatasvir in combination with asunaprevir, compared with telaprevir plus peginterferon/ribavirin.