bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value orientations of social welfare policy structures
Authors: Garlington Sarah B. 
Published: August 2013

Substantial literature exists around the variation of welfare policy development in liberal democracies. The contrast of theAmerican welfare state to those in Europe has sparked significant analytical literature about which factors are most significant in the variation. The literature extensively examines many of these factors but has neglected the significance of social values. This article discusses values and policy development as a foundation for further studies linking specific values to policy and institutional development. First, I discuss theorists who have identified value orientation as significant to welfare state variation; second, I review the major comparative welfare state literature. Finally, I discuss the major variation categories through the lens of social values by identifying the significant value orientation of sample policy structures. Comparative welfare state literature benefits from elucidating the values orientation of welfare policies that define the welfare state typological categories. Including the role of social values in welfare state comparisons promotes greater understanding of the origins and trajectory of current policy.Key Practitioner Message: ●Increase understanding of welfare state variation factors;● Frame questions about social values reflected in social policy.
Skin tumors and skin infections in kidney transplant recipients vs. patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Sharquie Khalifa E. , Noaimi Adil A. , Al‐Jobori Ali A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundPemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membrane. Renal transplantation is a common procedure in Iraq, and these patients required prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs.ObjectiveTo study the frequency of skin tumors and infections in patients with pemphigus vulgaris compared with renal transplant recipients and normal controls.Patients and methodsOne hundred kidney transplant recipients, their ages ranged from 14 to 70 (46.65 ± 4.74) years, and 50 patients with pemphigus vulgaris, their ages ranged from 22 to 70 (43.32 ± 3.46) years, were studied in Baghdad Hospital from June 2009 to August 2010. Patients were treated with immunosuppressive drugs for 0.5–25 years. Patients were examined for tumors and infections and compared with the general population as controls (100 individuals).ResultsIn renal transplant recipients, the following infections were observed: herpetic, 25 patients (25%); bacterial, 11 (11%); and fungal, 22 (22%). These infections appeared early in the course of immunosuppression. Benign tumors increased, most importantly viral warts in 40 (40%) and actinic keratosis, 14 (14%). The malignant tumors were basal cell carcinomas in 4 (4%), squamous cell carcinomas 2 (2%), and Kaposi's sarcoma 3 (3%). These malignancies usually appeared late in the course of immunosuppression. Patients with pemphigus vulgaris showed no important skin infections or tumors. Healthy controls showed no infections apart from herpetic infections in 7 (7%) and viral warts in 9 (9%). No tumors were seen.ConclusionsPemphigus vulgaris in prolonged immunosuppression is immunoprotective against skin infections and skin tumors while kidney transplant recipients are not protective.
Epidemiology of melasma in Brazilian patients: a multicenter study
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Lacerda Davi A. , Cavalcante Andrea S. , Filho Carlos A. S. Machado , Kalil Célia Luiza P. V. , Ayres Eloísa L. , Azulay‐Abulafia Luna , Weber Magda B. , Serra Marcio S. , Lopes Nádya F. P. , Cestari Tania F. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is an acquired, irregularly patterned, light to dark‐brown hypermelanosis, with symmetric distribution mostly over the face. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristics and factors related to melasma in Brazilian patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, multicenter study performed in Brazil. Investigators examined and questioned 953 patients over 18 years of age on clinical characteristics and other factors related to their melasma.ResultsMelasma was more prevalent in women (97.5%) and in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes II (12.8%), III (36.3%), and IV (39.7%). Skin phototypes II and III and family history of melasma had early onset of the disorder when compared with skin phototypes IV, V, and VI (P < 0.0001). Similar results were also observed when these same groups were compared with the absence of family history (P < 0.0001). Extra‐facial melasma was more frequent in postmenopausal women compared with those who were not experiencing menopause (14.2% vs. 3.5%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsData suggested that the age of melasma onset are related to skin phototypes and family history. Additionally, extra‐facial melasma was more common in menopausal women. This is the first study on the epidemiology of melasma in Brazil involving a large sample of the population. These data can be a source of new relevant research on the cause and development of melasma.
A case of idiopathic follicular mucinosis treated with bexarotene gel
Authors: Heyl Jennifer , Mehregan Darius , Kado Jessica , Campbell Michelle 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundTopical bexarotene 1% gel is currently FDA‐approved for early stage (IA and IB) persistent or refractory cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). No uniformly effective therapy exists for follicular mucinosis, although several treatments are routinely used. There are no known reports of topical bexarotene being used in the treatment of idiopathic follicular mucinosis when there is no association with CTCL. This article reports the first case of bexarotene gel to successfully treat persistent idiopathic follicular mucinosis.Materials and methodsThis study describes a 34‐year‐old Caucasian male with idiopathic follicular mucinosis. The patient had treatment failure with clobetasol 0.05% ointment and narrow‐band UVB. Intralesional injections with triamcinolone 5 mg/ml were successful for treating the plaques in the beard area. The patient was treated with bexarotene 1% gel applied twice a day to the persistent plaques on the lower extremities. The patient reported significant improvement in hair growth after only six weeks of treatment. The treatment was decreased to once a day due to erythema, and he had complete hair regrowth at 26 weeks.DiscussionSeveral treatments have been described in the literature, such as corticosteroids, psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) light therapy, topical nitrogen mustard, and radiation therapy. Isolated cases have documented the beneficial responses of pimecrolimus, dapsone, indomethacin, minocycline, isotretinoin, hydroxychloroquine and interferons. No single treatment has been shown to be consistently effective.ConclusionTopical bexarotene 1% gel should be considered for patients with idiopathic follicular mucinosis resistant to standard treatment.
Acute adverse events associated with ventral slot decompression in 546 dogs with cervical intervertebral disc disease
Authors: Rossmeisl John H. , White Courtney , Pancotto Theresa E. , Bays Alicia , Henao‐Guerrero P. Natalia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo report the frequency, types, and risk factors for acute perioperative adverse events (AEs) in dogs that had ventral slot decompression (VSD) for cervical intervertebral disc disease (IVDD).DesignRetrospective, case–control study.AnimalsDogs (n = 546) with cervical IVDD treated by VSD; 54 cases experiencing AE and 492 controls.MethodsHistorical, clinical, diagnostic, operative, and outcome data were collected. AE were graded using a Spine Adverse Events Severity (SAVES) system. Associations between the development of AE and hypothesized risk factors were analyzed using bi‐ and multi‐variable analyses.ResultsAE were observed in 54 dogs (9.9%). Minor AE (SAVES Grade 1–2) occurred in 3.5% (19 dogs) and major (SAVES Grades 3–5) AE in 6.4% (35 dogs). Deterioration in neurologic status (n = 13), persistent pain (12), and intraoperative hemorrhage (7) were common major AE. NSAID administration, surgeon experience, C7–T1 disc location, and intraoperative hypotension were significantly associated with AE in multivariate analyses. Improvement of AE occurred in 48/54 (88.9%) of cases, although reoperative neurosurgery was required in 48.5% (17/35) of dogs experiencing major AE. Dogs with major AE had significantly longer hospitalization and worse outcomes than dogs with minor AE or controls. No fatal AE occurred, although 0.7% (4/546) of dogs were euthanatized postoperatively.ConclusionsAE occurred in 9.9% of dogs that had VSD, and were significantly associated with perioperative hypotension, C7–T1 disc extrusions, surgeon experience, and NSAID usage. Identification of a major postoperative AE is an indication for immediate diagnostic imaging studies, as 50% of dogs experiencing major AE required reoperation.
Dental erosion and bruxism. A tooth wear analysis from South East Queensland
Authors: Khan F. , Young W. G. , Daley T. J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTooth‐tissue loss from erosion and attrition from bruxism were associated findings in 104 patients with excessive toothwear from South East Queensland. Approximately one‐third of these subjects had been given a diagnosis of bruxism prior to referral. After a structured interview and clinical examination, the prevailing diagnosis was tooth erosion associated with occupational or sports‐related dehydration, and one‐third of the subjects were provisionally classified as bruxers. Eight items of clinical history and examination, designed to differentiate bruxers from non‐bruxers, were analysed retrospectively from their records. These clinical items, by which the diagnosis of bruxism might be made, segregated the subjects into three groups of equal size, ‘bruxers, possible bruxers and non‐bruxers,’ by a notional score for bruxism.The presence of occlusal attrition or erosion on the sextants of the dentitions was determined by scanning electron microscopic criteria on epoxy resin dental casts. The incidence of attrition versus erosion was compared between the three groups. The hypothesis was that attrition would be found on more sextants of bruxers than non‐bruxers. Erosion predominated in virtually all sextants in all three groups, to the virtual exclusion of attrition in the molar sextants. The exception was the mandibular anterior sextant, where more sextants in bruxers were affected by attrition. Thus extrinsic or intrinsic acid erosion was strongly associated with occlusal tooth wear found in bruxers. Conversely, tooth‐wear patterns were unreliable indicators of a bruxing habit, for attrition alone was often found on acid‐exposed teeth. Thus, even if a patient is suspected of having bruxism, dental erosion is more likely the cause of tooth‐tissue loss than attrition, especially in the dehydrating environment of South East Queensland.
Synthesis of K2SiF6:Mn4+ Phosphor from SiO2 Powders via Redox Reaction in HF/KMnO4 Solution and Their Application in Warm‐White LED
Authors: Liao Chenxing , Cao Renping , Ma Zhijun , Li Yang , Dong Guoping , Sharafudeen Kaniyarakkal N. , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: August 2013

In this article, we propose a facile method for synthesis of K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor and discuss its promising application in warm‐white light emitting diodes (LED). The K2SiF6:Mn4+ was synthesized from SiO2 powders through redox reaction in HF/KMnO4 solution. The optical properties of LEDs containing different ratios of K2SiF6:Mn4+ phosphor and commercial Ce3+‐doped garnets (YAG‐40) yellow–green phosphor were studied. A warm‐white LED, with color temperature of 3510 K and color rendering index of 90.9 and efficacy of 81.56 lm/W was demonstrated.
Development and validation of the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology: preliminary findings
Authors: Borteyrou Xavier , Truchot Didier , Rascle Nicole 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimThis study is a report of the development and testing of the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology.BackgroundStressors in oncology nursing are generally assessed using generic stress scales like the Nursing Stress Scale or the Health Professions Stress Inventory. However, qualitative investigations have highlighted the specific nature of the stress to which nurses are exposed.DesignThe Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology was developed using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.MethodFor the item generation phase, a semi‐structured interview was conducted with 59 nurses working in oncology units during 2007. A total of 51 work‐related items were retained for the final survey. A convenience sample of 582 nurses working in oncology completed the survey between January 2008–June 2008. They also completed the General Health Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology was further tested for theoretically supported constructs, internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity.FindingsThe exploratory results revealed five factors: workload, dealing with death and dying, dealing with suffering, interpersonal conflicts, dealing with patients and relatives. The internal consistency of the five subscales was satisfactory. Correlation patterns between the Work Stressor Inventory for Nurses in Oncology dimensions and both mental health and burnout variables support the criterion‐related validity of the scale.ConclusionFuture quantitative or qualitative studies using this scale could add knowledge about the experiences of emotional and organizational stressors related to this area of nursing.
JAK2 V617F mutation and 46/1 haplotype in Chinese Budd‐Chiari syndrome patients
Authors: Wang Hui , Sun Guixiang , Zhang Peijin , Zhang Jing , Gui Er , Zu Maoheng , Jia Enzhi , Xu Hao , Xu Lichun , Zhang Jinpeng , Lu Zhaojun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe presence of JAK2V617F was reported to be associated with JAK2 46/1 haplotype, which was considered as an independent risk factor for Budd‐Chiari syndrome (BCS) in Western countries. However, little is known in China. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the 46/1 haplotype is associated with such patients.MethodsPatients with primary BCS and controls were consecutively admitted in our study from October 2009 to December 2012. The subjects were detected for the JAK2V617F mutation by allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) and the JAK2 46/1 haplotype by real‐time PCR.ResultsThe prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation was 2.37% (7/295) in BCS patients, and 46/1 haplotype was overrepresented in JAK2V617F‐positive BCS patients compared with controls (P < 0.01). The risk for the JAK2V617F‐positive BCS with CC genotype was elevated compared with subjects presented TT genotype (OR = 13.4, 95%CI = 2.01–89.5) and non‐CC genotype (OR = 15.0, 95%CI = 2.45–91.7).ConclusionsOur study showed that the presence of 46/1 haplotype increased the risk of JAK2V617F‐positive BCS in China. In addition, low prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation in BCS patients suggested that myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) should not be an etiological factor of BCS in China.
Gender in Academic Networking: The Role of Gatekeepers in Professorial Recruitment
Authors: van den Brink Marieke , Benschop Yvonne 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study is to build a theoretical framework to understand how gendered networking practices produce or counter inequalities in organizations. We introduce a practice approach combined with a feminist perspective in organization network studies. The notions of gender and networking as social practices allow better insights into what people say and do in networks, and the ways that networking produces or counters gender inequalities. We draw on empirical material about professorial appointments inDutch academia and analyse the accounts of gatekeepers illuminating their networking practices. The accounts show which networking practices gatekeepers routinely use in recruitment and how these networking practices are intertwined with gender practices. We use the notion of mobilizing masculinities to understand the self‐evident identification of men gatekeepers with men in their networks, and to understand how both men and women gatekeepers prefer the male candidates that resemble the proven masculine success model. Furthermore, this study provides the first empirical insights in mobilizing femininities in which women search for and support women candidates. We show how the gender practice of mobilizing femininities is a more precarious and marked practice than mobilizing masculinities. Mobilizing femininities in networking is intended to counter gender inequalities, but is only partially successful. Through constructions of ‘who you can trust’ or ‘who is a risk’, gatekeepers exercise the power of inclusion and exclusion and contribute to the persistence of structural gender inequalities.
Topiramate as an add‐on antiepileptic drug in treating refractory canine idiopathic epilepsy
Authors: Kiviranta A.‐M. , Laitinen‐Vapaavuori O. , Hielm‐Björkman A. , Jokinen T. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of topiramate as an add‐on therapy in dogs with refractory idiopathic epilepsy.MethodProspective, open label, non‐comparative clinical trial of topiramate in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and poor seizure control despite therapeutic serum concentrations of phenobarbital and potassium bromide. The efficacy of topiramate was evaluated by comparing seizure and seizure day frequencies during a retrospective 2‐month period with a prospective short‐term follow‐up of 6 months. An additional long‐term follow‐up period ranging from 3 to 9 months was conducted on dogs that responded to topiramate therapy during the short‐term follow‐up.ResultsTen dogs were included. Five (50%) responded to topiramate therapy during the short‐term follow‐up showing a significant (P=0·04) decrease of 66% in seizure frequency. Three of the five dogs remained responders during the long‐term follow‐up. Weight loss, sedation and ataxia were the most common adverse effects of topiramate therapy, but in dogs with moderate sedation or ataxia, signs subsided in a few weeks to few months to mild sedation or ataxia.Clinical SignificanceTopiramate may be effective as an add‐on medication in treating canine idiopathic epilepsy. Apart from sedation and ataxia reported in some of the dogs, topiramate was well‐tolerated.
The Association of Physical and Mental Health with Sexual Activity in Older Adults in a Retirement Community
Authors: Bach Lynea E. , Mortimer James A. , VandeWeerd Carla , Corvin Jaime 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Understanding sexual behavior is important when evaluating the health needs of older adults. Little research has addressed the effect of specific health conditions on sexual inactivity in this growing population.

Aim
The study aims to assess the association of mental and physical health conditions with sexual inactivity among adults 55 and older living in The Villages, Florida.

Methods
Exposure data for 22 self-reported health conditions were assessed in relation to sexual inactivity in 22,654 participants ages 55 and older, including 1,879 participants over age 80 in a community-based cross-sectional study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for men and women to evaluate the likelihood of being sexually active for each health condition. Covariates included age, race, education, income, self-reported overall health, and marital status.

Main Outcome Measures
The odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for sexual activity status were calculated separately for men and women.

Results
Fifty-five percent of men and 45% of women reported being sexually active. Significant positive correlates of sexual activity included walking at least 1–2 times per week, participating in at least two registered clubs, engaging in physical and social activities, no tobacco use, fewer medications, increased alcohol consumption, and reporting a good quality of life, psychological well-being, or social support. Sexual inactivity was significantly related to cancer, bladder/bowl problems, major surgery, poor vision, mental health conditions, and cardiovascular disease and its risk factors including diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Additional associations with sexual inactivity included hearing loss and dementia for men, and dermatologic conditions, problems with the joints, bone or back, gastrointestinal problems, alcohol misuse, chronic wound care, and gum disease in women.

Conclusions
Mental and physical health conditions have very similar associations with sexual inactivity in men and women. Increased sexual activity was associated with positive physical, social, and emotional health indicators.
Pseudogenization in pathogenic fungi with different host plants and lifestyles might reflect their evolutionary past
Authors: van der Burgt Ate , Karimi Jashni Mansoor , Bahkali Ali H. , de Wit Pierre J. G. M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryPseudogenes are genes with significant homology to functional genes, but contain disruptive mutations (DMs) leading to the production of non‐ or partially functional proteins. Little is known about pseudogenization in pathogenic fungi with different lifestyles. Here, we report the identification of DMs causing pseudogenes in the genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium fulvum, Dothistroma septosporum, Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Verticillium dahliae and Zymoseptoria tritici. In these fungi, we identified 1740 gene models containing 2795 DMs obtained by an alignment‐based gene prediction method. The contribution of sequencing errors to DMs was minimized by analyses of resequenced genomes to obtain a refined dataset of 924 gene models containing 1666 true DMs. The frequency of pseudogenes varied from 1% to 5% in the gene catalogues of these fungi, being the highest in the asexually reproducing fungus C. fulvum (4.9%), followed by D. septosporum (2.4%) and V. dahliae (2.1%). The majority of pseudogenes do not represent recent gene duplications, but members of multi‐gene families and unitary genes. In general, there was no bias for pseudogenization of specific genes in the six fungi. Single exceptions were those encoding secreted proteins, including proteases, which appeared more frequently pseudogenized in C. fulvum than in D. septosporum. Most pseudogenes present in these two phylogenetically closely related fungi are not shared, suggesting that they are related to adaptation to a different host (tomato versus pine) and lifestyle (biotroph versus hemibiotroph).