bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European Renal Best Practice Guideline on Kidney Donor and Recipient Evaluation and Perioperative Care
Authors: Spasovski Goce , Cochat Pierre , Hj Claas Frans , Heemann Uwe , Pascual Julio , Dudley Chris , Harden Paul , Hourmant Marivonne , Maggiore Umberto , Salvadori Maurizio , Squifflet Jean-Paul , Steiger Jurg , Torres Armando , Viklicky Ondrej , Zeier Martin , Vanholder Raymond , Van Biesen Wim , Nagler Evi , Abramowicz Daniel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Clinical Practice Guideline on evaluation of the kidney donor and transplant recipient was developed following a rigorous methodological approach aiming to provide information and aid decision-making to the transplant professionals. Thus, this document should help caregivers to improve the quality of care they deliver to patients with no intention it is defined as a standard of care.
In this short version of the guidelines we present 112 statements about the evaluation of the kidney transplant candidate as well as the potential deceased and living donor, the immunological work-up of kidney donors and recipients and the perioperative recipient care.
The extended version of the guidelines with methods, rationale and references is published in Nephrol Dial Transplant (2013) 28: i1-i71; doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft218 and can be downloaded freely from http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/ndt/era_edta.html.
Quality of Life in Children with Asthma as a Marker of Clinical Stability
Authors: Cvejoska-Cholakovska Valentina , Vlaski Emilija , Velic-Stefanovska Vesna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction. In order to improve asthma control, in the last decades an emphasis has been put on the assessment of quality of life (QL). The aim of the study was to assess the role of the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) in order to assess the QL as a marker of clinical stability in asthmatic children.
Methods. A total of 64 asthmatic children aged 7-17 years treated in an outpatient/hospital facility within the University Children’s Hospital in Skopje during 2 years were investigated. The children were assessed 3 times during a period of 3 months. To assess the asthma control the Clinical Stability Score (CSS) was used, and for the assessment of the QL the Macedonian version of the PAQLQ from Elizabeth Juniper was used, consisting of 23 questions organized into three domains: symptoms, activities, and emotions. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistica for Windows, version 7.0 and SPSS 14.
Results. An increase in the average values of the PAQLQ scores was established, which means better control of asthma by the end of the 3-month follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference in the QL changes and the age of asthmatic children regarding all three domains and the overall score. Better PAQLQ scores were detected in children with better CSS. A significant improvement of all the PAQLQ scores in the case of beginning the inhaled corticosteroid therapy during the study was found. According to CSS, all of the children were classified as stable (good QL) at the end of the study compared to 78% stability at the beginning of the study.
Conclusions. The Macedonian version of the PAQLQ can be used for assessment of the effects of anti-inflammatory therapy and for attainment of complete asthma control in children between 7 and 17 years of age.
Physical Activity as a Risk Factor for Hypertension and Target Hypertensive Eye Damage in Two Ethnic Groups in Macedonia
Authors: Stojanovski Zoran 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction. Hypertension is one of the most common chronic, noncommunicable diseases, and it is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease incidence. Lifestyle modifications are most important in HTA management, and physical activity (PA) is crucial among them. It is very difficult to give general recommendation for intensity and duration of the PA, because of the needs to make complete patient evaluation before PA is advised. The general recommendation in most of the national guidelines is to start with moderate PA, 40 min/per day, several times a week. The objectives of our study were: comparison of the physical activity, as a risk factor for hypertension in two ethnic groups in Macedonia, and comparison of the intensity of the target eye damage in the hypertensive subjects in two ethnic communities in Macedonia.
Methods. We performed a cross-sectional study with hypertensive Roma patients as a target group, and an equal number of subjects of Macedonian nationality as controls. For both groups we completed a questionnaire where we evaluated the PA. The target eye damage was analyzed according to the Keith-Wagener-Barker categorisation.
Results. Hypertensive patients exercised significantly less, or had no physical activity compared with the controls.
Conclusions. Physical inactivity is a potential risk for HTA in Roma population. This is a possible cause for the early development, and more severe stage of HTA in Roma ethnic groups, and more intensive target eye damage caused by HTA.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Basal Based Therapy with Insulin Glargine and Prandial Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Poorly Controlled with Premixed Insulin
Authors: Pemovska Gordana , Petrovski Goran 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive disease, requiring treatment intensification and exogenous insulin therapy in many patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of insulin glargine in combination with prandial insulin in poorly controlled type 2 patients previously treated with premixed insulin.
Methods. A total of 200 type 2 diabetic patients in Macedonia (male 37.5%; female 62.5%, aged 61.1±0.5 years) poorly controlled (HbA1c>7%) were included in this observational multicenter prospective study. Before enrolment, all patients were treated with premixed insulin (88% with 2 and 12% with 3 injections per day, respectively). During the study, patients received once-daily glargine plus pre-prandial short-acting insulin analogues at investigators’ discretion. Primary end-point included percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <7% at study end. In addition, changes in mean HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) during the study duration as well as frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes were evaluated.
Results. After 9 months of follow-up, 100 patients (50%) achieved target HbA1c <7%. Mean HbA1c decreased from 9.5±1.5% at the beginning to 6.9±0.8% (p<0.001) at study end and mean FPG decreased from 11.0±3.3 mmol/l to 6.1± 0.9 mmol/l (p<0.001). 50.5% of the patients were treated with basal insulin in combination with OADs and 49.5% required addition of one or more prandial insulin injections. No episodes of severe hypoglycaemia were documented.
Conclusions. Basal based insulin treatment with insulin glargine alone or in combination with prandial insulin improved glycaemic control in type 2 diabetics previously poorly controlled with premixed insulin with a low risk of hypoglycaemia and weight gain.
Differentiating Vascular Dementia from Alzhemer’s Disease with Brief Cognitive Tests
Authors: Barbov Ivan , Georgievska Ana , Arsova Slavica , Lazarova Snezhana , Petrov Igor 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Introduction. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common causes of dementia in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of brief cognitive tests investigate the diagnostic value of brief cognitive tests in differentiating vascular dementia from Alzheimer’s disease.
Methods. Fifteen patients with mild VaD, 15 patients with probable AD and 30 healthy controls, matched for age, education and dementia severity, were submitted to the following cognitive tests: clock drawing (free drqawing and copy), category of letter fluency, delayed recall test of figures and the EXIT 25 battery.
Results. VaD patients performed worse than AD patients in category fluency (p=0.014), letter fluency (p=0.043) and CLOX 2 (p=0.023), while AD cases performed worse than VaD patients in delayed recall (p=0.013). However, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for these tests displayed low sensitivity and specificity for the differential diagnosis between VaD and AD.
Conclusions. Altough the performance of VaD and AD patients was significantly different in some cognitive tests, the value of such instruments in differentiating VaD from AD proved to be very limited.
A membranous structure separating the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis: an anatomical study and its clinical application for craniopharyngioma
Authors: Lu Yun-Tao , Qi Song-Tao , Xu Jia-Ming , Pan Jun , Shi Jin 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
This study aimed to identify the membranous septation between the adeno- and neurohypophysis. The clinical impact of this septation in the surgical removal of infradiaphragmatic craniopharyngioma (Id-CP) is also clarified.

METHODS
The sellar regions from 8 fetal and 6 adult cadavers were dissected. After staining first with H & E and then with picro-Sirius red, the membranous structures were observed and measured under normal light and polarization microscopy. The pre- and postsurgical images and intraoperative procedures in 28 cases of childhood Id-CP were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTS
There is a significant membranous septation (termed the adenoneurohypophysis septation [ANHS]) lying behind the intermediate lobe to separate the adeno- and neurohypophysis. The average thicknesses are 21.9 ± 16.9 μm and 79.1 ± 43.2 μm in fetal and adult heads, respectively. The median segment of the septation is significantly thicker than the upper and lower segments. The ANHS extends from the suprasellar pars tuberalis to the sellar floor, where it is fused with the pituitary capsule. During Id-CP surgery performed via a transcranial approach, the ANHS can be identified to reserve the neurohypophysis. Moreover, by understanding the anatomy of this membrane, the pituitary stalk was preserved in 3 patients (10.7%).

CONCLUSIONS
There is a significant membrane separating the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland, which lies behind the intermediate lobe. Understanding the anatomy of this septation is important for identifying and preserving the neurohypophysis and pituitary stalk during Id-CP surgery.
Failure analysis of C-5 after total disc replacement with ProDisc-C at 1 and 2 levels and in combination with a fusion cage: finite-element and biomechanical models
Authors: Completo António , Nascimento Abel , Ramos António , Simões José 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the failure risk of cervical vertebrae after total disc replacement with a keel-design prosthesis (ProDisc-C), taking into consideration the effects of vertebral body height, multilevel replacement, and the association with an adjacent fusion cage. Although promising clinical results have been reported for the ProDisc-C, some clinical studies have reported vertebral body–splitting fractures at single- and multilevel arthroplasty sites. This implant has central keels to provide solid initial stability, and some authors associate the potential risk of vertebral body failure with the keel design, especially in patients with small vertebral body height or when the implant is used at multiple levels.

METHODS
The study was performed using a specimen-specific C4–6 cervical-segment finite-element model to assess the compressive strains on the C-5 vertebral body for each cervical segment configuration, and synthetic polyurethane models to experimentally predict the compressive load at failure for 3 vertebral body heights.

RESULTS
The use of a keeled ProDisc-C prosthesis at multiple levels or in combination with a fusion cage increases by a factor of 2–3 the compressive strains at the C-5 vertebral body relative to single-level arthroplasty. All implanted segment configurations tested demonstrated a continuum of the load at failure and the vertebral body height, but no significant differences were found between the 3 vertebral body heights in each segment configuration.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of a keeled ProDisc-C prosthesis at 2 adjacent levels or combined with a fusion cage presented the lowest load-at-failure values, 2 times higher on average than the ones occurring during physiological tasks. This fact indicates an identical and limited risk of vertebral body failure for these 2 segment configurations, whereas vertebral body height appears to slightly affect this risk. However, for some tasks that place higher physical demands on the neck, beyond what was represented by our models, there may also be risk of microdamage initiation, which is not present in the single-level arthroplasty.
Effect of graded nerve pressure injuries on motor function
Authors: Karasawa Mika , Yokouchi Kumiko , Kakegawa Akira , Kawagishi Kyutaro , Moriizumi Tetsuji , Fukushima Nanae 
Published: March 2015

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum amount of nerve fibers required to maintain normal motor function after nerve injury in rats.

METHODS
The authors first confirmed that a common peroneal nerve injury caused more aggravating effects on lower limb motor function than tibial nerve injury, as assessed by the static sciatic index (SSI). Thereafter, rats were subjected to varying degrees of crush injury to the common peroneal nerve. At 48 hours after the injury, motor function was assessed using the SSI and slope-walking ability (with slope angles of 30° and 45°). The tibialis anterior muscle, a main muscle innervated by the common peroneal nerve, was removed. Muscle sections were co-labeled with neuronal class III β-tubulin polyclonal antibody to identify the presence of axons and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated α-bungarotoxin to identify the presence of motor endplates.

RESULTS
The evaluation of neuromuscular innervation showed a correlation between SSI scores and ratios of residual axons (rs = 0.68, p < 0.01), and there was a statistically significant difference between slope-walking ability and ratios of residual axons (p < 0.01). Moreover, the ratios of residual axons in the nerve-crushed rats with normal motor function (SSI above −20) ranged from 36.5% to 88.7%, and those ratios in the success group with slope-walking angles of 30° and 45° ranged from 14.7% to 88.7% and from 39.8% to 88.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study of rodents, less than half of the motor axons were sufficient to maintain normal motor function of the lower limb.
Die Suche nach altem Wald in der Schweiz
Authors: Bütler Rita , Bolliger Markus , Commarmot Brigitte 
Published: March 2015

The search for old-growth forests in Switzerland
Old-growth forests and stands have multiple values, such as biological, scientific, socioeconomic, aesthetic, spiritual and cultural ones, but they are very rare in central Europe. Currently, an overview about the existence and size of old-growth forest patches in Switzerland is missing. We propose a definition for old-growth forests worth preserving based on ten criteria: 1) presence of veteran trees, 2) significant biomass, 3) heterogeneous stand structure including senescent and decaying stages, 4) presence of natural processes and disturbances, 5) high dead wood volume (at least 30 m3/ha) and a large diversity of dimensions and decay stages of dead wood pieces, 6) autochthonous tree species, 7) diverse and natural species assemblages, 8) only extensive or no harvesting for the last 50 years, 9) long continuity of forest cover, 10) minimal area of 30 ha for old-growth forests and 1 ha for old-growth stands. When searching for old-growth forests and stands worth preserving, quantitative criteria from the National Forest Inventory and other sources should also be used. We call on all forest specialists to identify old-growth patches, to inform the population and decision makers about their high value, and to protect them in an adequate manner as a unique natural heritage.
Bedeutung alter Wälder für Flechten: Schlüsselstrukturen, Vernetzung, ökologische Kontinuität
Authors: Scheidegger Christoph , Stofer Silvia 
Published: March 2015

The importance of old-growth forests for lichens: keystone structures, connectivity, ecological continuity
In Switzerland, 621 lichen species are associated with forest habitats, of which 134 priority forest lichen species need special measures for their long-term conservation. Almost three-quarters of the forest species are considered old-tree dependent lichens because they depend on keystone structures, which are phenological traits of old trees. Threatened forest lichens (red list categories CR, EN and VU) require significantly larger stem diameters to establish compared to non-threatened species (LC and NT). Because of a limited dispersal capacity several lichen species also depend on a high ecological continuity, which characterizes them as oldgrowth forest lichens. The conservation of old-tree and oldgrowth forest dependent lichens in general and specifically the preservation of occurrences in managed forests by maintaining specific habitat trees is an urgent task for biodiversity conservation in forests. However, in order to ensure ecological continuity of keystone structures, future habitat trees must be fostered in close proximity to existing occurrences of rare and endangered lichen species.
Une analyse non paramétrique de l'efficience technique des exploitations forestières suisses
Authors: Mack J. Alexander K. 
Published: March 2015

A nonparametric analysis of the technical efficiency of Swiss forestry firms
The chronic deficits of Swiss public forestry firms can be attributed in part to problems of efficiency. By using a nonparametric method of efficiency measurement, called data envelopment analysis (DEA), and on the basis of the data of the network of experimental forestry firms (TBN), this study attempts to shed light on these problems and propose an approach to detect them. In an effort to improve the performance and to increase the competitiveness, and while taking into account the multifunctionality of forests, this benchmarking exercise allows to compare the characteristics of the technical efficient firms with those of the non efficient firms. Overall, there is a great potential to increase the technical efficiency of firms by reducing the amount of labor and capital inputs used as well as administration costs. Wood production is generally less efficient in protective forests because of the difficult harvesting conditions. Moreover, less efficient firms generally have a higher tendency to outsource and obtain more State contributions when compared to efficient ones. Finally, efficient firms seem to be generally less diversified.
Le Parlement de Navarre et l'expulsion des Jésuites (mars 1762-mai 1764)
Authors: Desplat Christian 
Published: March 2015

Наварский парламент и изгнание иезуитов (март 1762 - май 1764 г.)
Нравственный и культурный престиж иезуитов в Беарне, их участие в социальной жизни, значение их образовательной деятельности объясняют нерешительность парламента города По вынести им приговор. Но парламентская солидарность взяла верх и постановлением от 28.4.1763 г., утвержденным 13.4.1764 г., суд приговорил их к изгнанию.
Une enquête sur le Parlement de Toulouse en 1718
Authors: Virieux Maurice 
Published: March 2015

Анкета о Тулузском Парламенте в 1718 г.
Эта анкета, инициатор которой неизвестен, привела к изданию "Памятной Записки о господах членах Тулузского Парламента", представляющей разнообразную информацию: моральный портрет каждого члена парламента, его происхождение, социальный статус, имущественное положение, религиозную и политическую позицию. Она также дает сведения о так называемом Селламарском заговоре и об отношении членов парламента к финансовым нововведениям этой эпохи.
Le peuplement du Roussillon, du Conflent et du Vallespir aux IXe et Xe siècles
Authors: Martinez Catherine , Rossignol Nicole 
Published: March 2015

Населенность районов Руссильона, Конфлана и Валлеспира в IX и X веках
Эта работа основана на переписи всех населенных пунктов, упоминаемых в хартиях до 1020 г., и определении их географического местоположения. Было насчитано 350 населенных пунктов, что доказывает большую плотность населения этих районов уже со времен средневековья. С другой стороны, главные особенности распределения населения определились тогда же и не менялись до наших дней.
L'industrie lainière à Nîmes au XVIIe siècle : crise conjoncturelle ou structurelle ?
Authors: Teisseyre-Sallmann Line 
Published: March 2015

Шерстяная промышленность в г. Ниме в XVII в.: кризис, вызванный обстоятельствами или структурой?
Шерстяная промышленность г. Нима, источник процветания города, во второй половине XVII в. пришла в упадок без видимой причины и без большого ущерба для текстильной промышленности в целом. Она возродилась в другой отрасли - шелк, получившей с 1650 г. необыкновенное развитие.
Les visites pastorales dans le Midi aquitain : bilan d'une enquête
Authors: Darricau Raymond , Peyrous B. 
Published: March 2015

Пастырские посещения прихожан на юго-западе Франции (Аквитания): итоги обследования
Недавно законченное обследование пастырских посещений прихожан позволяет дать первые итоги по истории этого обычая в южной Аквитании. От Средневековья и ХVI в. сохранилось мало протоколов этих посещений, зато ХVII и ХVIII в. в. указывают на широкое развитие этого обычая. Они продолжаются и в ХIХ в., являющемся самым ярким периодом посещения прихожан священниками. В XX в. начинается упадок, который ускоряется после Второго Собора Ватикана.
Jean Giscard, marchand drapier toulousain sous Louis XIV
Authors: Bernet Gabriel 
Published: March 2015

Жан Жискар, торговец сукном в Тулузе при Людовике ХIV
Жан Жискар торгует в Тулузе на площади Петра и на улице Прядильщиков сукном и шерстеными тканями, которые ему поставляют мануфактуры Квреси, Альби и Лораге. Успех торговли позволяет ему стать старшиной биржи в 1711 г. Позднее он испытывает затруднения из-за наложных платежей, скверных урожаев и новых вкусов его клиентуры. Он передает дело своему зятю в 1719 г.
Les monastères de Gascogne et le conflit franco-anglais (1270-1327)
Authors: Kicklighter Joseph. A. 
Published: March 2015

Монастыри в Гасконии и франко- английские конфликты
На протяжении всего периода от Парижского договора /1259/ до конца правления Эдуарда 11 /1327/ вопрос контроля над монастырями в английском герцогстве Гасконии являлся значительным источником конфликтов между двумя монархиями. Ссылаянь на королевскую защиту многие монастыри боролись за освобождение от надзора герцогства /при активном участии сенешалов и Парижского Парламента/ и содействовали тем самым упадку английского господства в Гасконии.
L'instruction primaire dans l'arrondissement de Toulouse sous le Second Empire
Authors: Bédry Marie-Bernadette 
Published: March 2015

Начальное образование в округе Тулузы при Наполеоне III
В эпоху Наполеона III начальное образование в округе Тулузы переживает глубокие изменения. Теперь оно зависит от собственной администрации, которая утверждает свою независимость. Школьные учителя составляют преданную и самоотверженную корпорацию. Численность школьников значительно увеличивается, образование охватывает пойти всех. Бесплатность ширится и школа становится государственной услугой. Главные черты современной школы намечены уже со времен Наполеона III.
L'imagerie populaire avignonnaise : un témoin de la sensibilité religieuse des couches populaires à l'époque moderne et au XIXe siècle
Authors: Mus Michel 
Published: March 2015

Народная иконопись в области Авиньона: свидетельство религиозного чувства народных слоев общества до ХIХ в.
Очерк основан на изучении сохранившихся сборников народной иконописи в области Авиньона с XVII в. до их исчезновения к XIX в. Сравнивая различные эпохи, автор анализирует как постоянные аспекты, так и эволюцию изображения почитания Бога, Богородицы и Святых, и, тем самым, вносит вклад в изучение религии и народной культуры южной Франции.