bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High shear treatment of concentrates and drying conditions influence the solubility of milk protein concentrate powders
Authors: Augustin Mary Ann , Sanguansri Peerasak , Williams Roderick , Andrews Helen 
Published: September 2012

The solubility of milk protein concentrate (MPC) powders was influenced by the method used for preparing the concentrate, drying conditions, and the type of dryer used. Increasing total solids of the ultrafiltered concentrates (23% total solids, TS) by diafiltration to 25% TS or evaporation to 31% TS decreased the solubility of MPC powders (80–83% protein, w/w dry basis), with ultrafiltration followed by evaporation to higher total solids having the greater detrimental effect on solubility. High shear treatment (homogenisation at 350/100 bar, microfluidisation at 800 bar or ultrasonication at 24 kHz, 600 watts) of ultrafiltered and diafiltered milk protein concentrates prior to spray drying increased the nitrogen solubility of MPC powders (82% protein, w/w dry basis). Of the treatments applied, microfluidisation was the most effective for increasing nitrogen solubility of MPC powders after manufacture and during storage. Manufacture of MPC powders (91% protein, w/w dry basis) prepared on two different pilot-scale dryers (single stage or two stage) from milk protein concentrates (20% TS) resulted in powders with different nitrogen solubility and an altered response to the effects of microfluidisation. Microfluidisation (400, 800 and 1200 bar) of the concentrate prior to drying resulted in increased long term solubility of MPC powders that were prepared on a single stage dryer but not those produced on a two stage spray dryer. This work demonstrates that microfluidisation can be used as a physical intervention for improving MPC powder solubility. Interactions between the method of preparation and treatment of concentrate prior to drying, the drying conditions and dryer type all influence MPC solubility characteristics.
The relationship between happiness and intelligent quotient: the contribution of socio-economic and clinical factors
Authors: Ali A. , Ambler G. , Strydom A. , Rai D. , Cooper C. , McManus S. , Weich S. , Meltzer H. , Dein S. , Hassiotis A. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundHappiness and higher intelligent quotient (IQ) are independently related to positive health outcomes. However, there are inconsistent reports about the relationship between IQ and happiness. The aim was to examine the association between IQ and happiness and whether it is mediated by social and clinical factors.MethodThe authors analysed data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey in England. The participants were adults aged 16 years or over, living in private households in 2007. Data from 6870 participants were included in the study. Happiness was measured using a validated question on a three-point scale. Verbal IQ was estimated using the National Adult Reading Test and both categorical and continuous IQ was analysed.ResultsHappiness is significantly associated with IQ. Those in the lowest IQ range (70–99) reported the lowest levels of happiness compared with the highest IQ group (120–129). Mediation analysis using the continuous IQ variable found dependency in activities of daily living, income, health and neurotic symptoms were strong mediators of the relationship, as they reduced the association between happiness and IQ by 50%.ConclusionsThose with lower IQ are less happy than those with higher IQ. Interventions that target modifiable variables such as income (e.g. through enhancing education and employment opportunities) and neurotic symptoms (e.g. through better detection of mental health problems) may improve levels of happiness in the lower IQ groups.
Report of the Council for the Year 1931
Authors: Taylor M. V. 
Published: September 2012

The Council has the honour to present to the members of the Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, their Report for the year 1931.1. It will be seen from the Income and Expenditure account for 1931 that subscriptions at £559 were slightly in excess of those received in 1930 and that there were no life composition fees, so that the amount received from members was smaller.The income from the investments is slightly smaller, due chiefly to increased taxation which it is hoped to recover. On the expenditure side, publications cost £920, of which £250 was specially provided the previous year to cover vol. XX, part 2. Administration expenses remained almost the same. Library expenses at £279 w e r e slightly higher, due to additional cost of stationery and postage and reduced sales of lantern slides. Donations to excavation funds, etc., were £92 compared with £80 in 1930 and there wer no subscriptions to be written off. The result of the year's working was that the expenditure exceeded the income by .£240 as compared with £201 the previous year. It is obvious that in order to carry on the admirable work done by the Society new subscribers are urgently needed. It is hoped that members will make every effort to help the Society by bringing its merits before their friends.
Memantine as adjunctive treatment to risperidone in children with autistic disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Ghaleiha Ali , Asadabadi Mahtab , Mohammadi Mohammad-Reza , Shahei Maryam , Tabrizi Mina , Hajiaghaee Reza , Hassanzadeh Elmira , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that causes significant impairment in socialization and communication. It is also associated with ritualistic and stereotypical behaviour. Recent studies propose both hyper-and hypoglutamatergic ideologies for autism. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of memantine plus risperidone in the treatment of children with autism. Children with autism were randomly allocated to risperidone plus memantine or placebo plus risperidone for a 10-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The dose of risperidone was titrated up to 3 mg/d and memantine was titrated to 20 mg/d. Children were assessed at baseline and after 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wk of starting medication protocol. The primary outcome measure was the irritability subscale of Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community (ABC-C). Difference between the two treatment arms was significant as the group that received memantine had greater reduction in ABC-C subscale scores for irritability, stereotypic behaviour and hyperactivity. Eight side-effects were observed over the trial, out of the 25 side-effects that the checklist included. The difference between the two groups in the frequency of side-effects was not significant. The present study suggests that memantine may be a potential adjunctive treatment strategy for autism and it was generally well tolerated. This trial is registered with the Iranian Clinical Trials Registry (IRCT1138901151556N10; www.irct.ir)
Autonomous agents coordination: Action languages meet CLP() and Linda
Authors: DOVIER AGOSTINO , FORMISANO ANDREA , PONTELLI ENRICO 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe paper presents a knowledge representation formalism, in the form of a high-levelAction Description Language (ADL)for multi-agent systems, where autonomous agents reason and act in a shared environment. Agents are autonomously pursuing individual goals, but are capable of interacting through a shared knowledge repository. In their interactions through shared portions of the world, the agents deal with problems of synchronization and concurrency; the action language allows the description of strategies to ensure a consistent global execution of the agents’ autonomously derived plans. A distributed planning problem is formalized by providing the declarative specifications of the portion of the problem pertaining to a single agent. Each of these specifications is executable by a stand-alone CLP-based planner. The coordination among agents exploits a Linda infrastructure. The proposal is validated in a prototype implementation developed in SICStus Prolog.
Affine-response model of molecular solvation of ions: Accurate predictions of asymmetric charging free energies
Authors: Bardhan Jaydeep P. , Jungwirth Pavel , Makowski Lee 
Published: September 2012

Two mechanisms have been proposed to drive asymmetric solvent response to a solute charge: a static potential contribution similar to the liquid-vapor potential, and a steric contribution associated with a water molecule's structure and charge distribution. In this work, we use free-energy perturbation molecular-dynamics calculations in explicit water to show that these mechanisms act in complementary regimes; the large static potential (∼44 kJ/mol/e) dominates asymmetric response for deeply buried charges, and the steric contribution dominates for charges near the solute-solvent interface. Therefore, both mechanisms must be included in order to fully account for asymmetric solvation in general. Our calculations suggest that the steric contribution leads to a remarkable deviation from the popular “linear response” model in which the reaction potential changes linearly as a function of charge. In fact, the potential varies in a piecewise-linear fashion, i.e., with different proportionality constants depending on the sign of the charge. This discrepancy is significant even when the charge is completely buried, and holds for solutes larger than single atoms. Together, these mechanisms suggest that implicit-solvent models can be improved using a combination of affine response (an offset due to the static potential) and piecewise-linear response (due to the steric contribution).
THE GALFA-H i COMPACT CLOUD CATALOG
Authors: Saul Destry R. , Peek J. E. G. , Grcevich J. , Putman M. E. , Douglas K. A. , Korpela E. J. , Stanimirović S. , Heiles C. , Gibson S. J. , Lee M. , Begum A. , Brown A. R. H. , Burkhart B. , Hamden E. T. , Pingel N. M. , Tonnesen S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
We present a catalog of 1964 isolated, compact neutral hydrogen clouds from the Galactic Arecibo L-Band Feed Array Survey Data Release One. The clouds were identified by a custom machine-vision algorithm utilizing the difference of Gaussian kernels to search for clouds smaller than 20′. The clouds have velocities typically between |V
LSR| =20 and 400 km s−1, line widths of 2.5–35 km s−1, and column densities ranging from 1 to 35 × 1018 cm−2. The distances to the clouds in this catalog may cover several orders of magnitude, so the masses may range from less than a solar mass for clouds within the Galactic disk, to greater than 104
M
☉ for high-velocity clouds (HVCs) at the tip of the Magellanic Stream. To search for trends, we separate the catalog into five populations based on position, velocity, and line width: HVCs; galaxy candidates; cold low-velocity clouds (LVCs); warm, low positive-velocity clouds in the third Galactic quadrant; and the remaining warm LVCs. The observed HVCs are found to be associated with previously identified HVC complexes. We do not observe a large population of isolated clouds at high velocities as some models predict. We see evidence for distinct histories at low velocities in detecting populations of clouds corotating with the Galactic disk and a set of clouds that is not corotating.
Exchange bias induced by O ion implantation in ferromagnetic thin films
Authors: Demeter J , Menéndez E , Schrauwen A , Teichert A , Steitz R , Vandezande S , Wildes A R , Vandervorst W , Temst K , Vantomme A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Exchange bias (EB) is induced by oxygen implantation in three different ferromagnetic materials: polycrystalline Co, highly textured Co and polycrystalline Ni. These systems are compared in order to study the influence of the grain boundary density and the intrinsic ferromagnet/antiferromagnet coupling strength on the implantation-induced EB. Special emphasis is given to the role of the implantation profile in the EB properties. The implantation profile is thoroughly characterized and its correlation with the magnetic depth profile, i.e. the magnetization as a function of depth, for different magnetic states is studied. This is achieved by modelling the implanted system as a layered system. In the three systems, the magnetization reversal mechanism is studied. In this way the effect of the implantation process on the reversal mechanism is unraveled. Irrespective of the particular system, the magnetization reverses solely by domain wall nucleation and motion, as opposed to Co/CoO bilayer systems, where a change in the reversal mechanism is observed upon the first reversal.
Edge stability analysis of ITER baseline plasma simulations
Authors: Saarelma S. , Casper T. , Chapman I.T. , Huijsmans G.T.A , Kwon O. , Lee J. , Loarte A. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A stability analysis using equilibria from CORSICA transport simulations finds that the maximum stable pedestal pressure in ITER 15 MA baseline plasma is 110 kPa corresponding to a pedestal temperature of 5.9 keV. The height of the stable pedestal is robust for the assumption of the pedestal height varying only by about 10% if the width of the pedestal is varied by 30%. A conducting first wall has a stabilizing effect on the peeling–ballooning modes that limit the edge pressure. However, the stabilization is unlikely to significantly change the stability limits, but could affect the ELM dynamics by lowering the growth rate of the ELM triggering peeling–ballooning modes. The entire pedestal region is stable against n = ∞ ballooning modes for all studied pedestal temperatures. This is due to the high bootstrap current keeping the magnetic shear in the region of large pressure gradient.
Deuterium retention in tungsten and tungsten–tantalum alloys exposed to high-flux deuterium plasmas
Authors: Zayachuk Y. , 't Hoen M.H.J. , Zeijlmans van Emmichoven P.A. , Uytdenhouwen I. , van Oost G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A direct comparison of deuterium retention in samples of tungsten and two grades of tungsten–tantalum alloys—W–1% Ta and W–5% Ta, exposed to deuterium plasmas (ion flux ∼1024 m−2 s−1, ion energy at the biased target ∼50 eV) at the plasma generator Pilot-PSI was performed using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). No systematic difference in terms of total retention in tungsten and tungsten–tantalum was identified. The measured retention value for each grade did not deviate by more than 24% from the value averaged over the three grades exposed to the same conditions. No additional desorption peaks appeared in the TDS spectra of the W–Ta samples as compared with the W target, indicating that no additional kinds of traps are introduced by the alloying of W with Ta. In the course of the experiment the same samples were exposed to the same plasma conditions several times, and it is demonstrated that samples with the history of prior exposures yield an increase in deuterium retention of up to 130% under the investigated conditions compared with the samples that were not exposed before. We consider this as evidence that exposure of the considered materials to ions with energy below the displacement threshold generates additional traps for deuterium. The positions of the release peaks caused by these traps are similar for W and W–Ta, which indicates that the corresponding traps are of the same kind.
POLARIMETRIC IMAGING OF LARGE CAVITY STRUCTURES IN THE PRE-TRANSITIONAL PROTOPLANETARY DISK AROUND PDS 70: OBSERVATIONS OF THE DISK*
Authors: Hashimoto J. , Dong R. , Kudo T. , Honda M. , McClure M. K. , Zhu Z. , Muto T. , Wisniewski J. , Abe L. , Brandner W. , Brandt T. , Carson J. , Egner S. , Feldt M. , Fukagawa M. , Goto M. , Grady C. A. , Guyon O. , Hayano Y. , Hayashi M. , Hayashi S. , Henning T. , Hodapp K. , Ishii M. , Iye M. , Janson M. , Kandori R. , Knapp G. , Kusakabe N. , Kuzuhara M. , Kwon J. , Matsuo T. , Mayama S. , McElwain M. W. , Miyama S. , Morino J.-I. , Moro-Martin A. , Nishimura T. , Pyo T.-S. , Serabyn G. , Suenaga T. , Suto H. , Suzuki R. , Takahashi Y. , Takami M. , Takato N. , Terada H. , Thalmann C. , Tomono D. , Turner E. L. , Watanabe M. , Yamada T. , Takami H. , Usuda T. , Tamura M. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
We present high-resolution H-band polarized intensity (FWHM = 0.″1: 14 AU) and L′-band imaging data (FWHM = 0.″11: 15 AU) of the circumstellar disk around the weak-lined T Tauri star PDS 70 in Centaurus at a radial distance of 28 AU (0.″2) up to 210 AU (1.″5). In both images, a giant inner gap is clearly resolved for the first time, and the radius of the gap is ∼70 AU. Our data show that the geometric center of the disk shifts by ∼6 AU toward the minor axis. We confirm that the brown dwarf companion candidate to the north of PDS 70 is a background star based on its proper motion. As a result of spectral energy distribution fitting by Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling, we infer the existence of an optically thick inner disk at a few AU. Combining our observations and modeling, we classify the disk of PDS 70 as a pre-transitional disk. Furthermore, based on the analysis of L′-band imaging data, we put an upper limit of ∼30 to ∼50 M
J on the mass of companions within the gap. Taking into account the presence of the large and sharp gap, we suggest that the gap could be formed by dynamical interactions of sub-stellar companions or multiple unseen giant planets in the gap.
Renal function‐dependent association of serum uric acid with metabolic syndrome and hepatic fat content in a middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population
Authors: Xia Ming‐Feng , Lin Huan‐Dong , Li Xiao‐Ming , Yan Hong‐Mei , Bian Hua , Chang Xin‐Xia , He Wan‐Yuan , Jeekel Johannes , Hofman Albert , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2012

Summary

The effect of uric acid (UA) on the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders is highly dependent on its physicochemical properties, and hyperuricaemia associated with different conditions may have different clinical meanings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of serum UA levels with metabolic syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a middle‐aged and elderly population with normal and impaired renal function.

The cross‐sectional study was performed on 1141 participants (426 men, 715 women; mean age 62 years) enrolled from the Shanghai Changfeng community. Each participant underwent a standard interview, with anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Hepatic fat content (HFC) was determined by a newly established quantitative ultrasound method.

Univariate correlation analysis showed that serum UA was associated with all components of metabolic syndrome and HFC (r = 0.193, P < 0.001), especially in participants with a normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; r = 0.255, P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated an independent association of serum UA with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD in participants with normal renal function, but not in those with eGFR < 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Furthermore, multivariate linear analysis showed that UA levels were independently associated with HFC (P = 0.003), but only in participants with normal eGFR.

Elevated serum UA is independently associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD in patients with normal renal excretory function. However, in those with renal insufficiency, hyperuricaemia has no association with metabolic disorders.
Applying various algorithms for species distribution modelling
Authors: LI Xinhai , WANG Yuan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSpecies distribution models have been used extensively in many fields, including climate change biology, landscape ecology and conservation biology. In the past 3 decades, a number of new models have been proposed, yet researchers still find it difficult to select appropriate models for data and objectives. In this review, we aim to provide insight into the prevailing species distribution models for newcomers in the field of modelling. We compared 11 popular models, including regression models (the generalized linear model, the generalized additive model, the multivariate adaptive regression splines model and hierarchical modelling), classification models (mixture discriminant analysis, the generalized boosting model, and classification and regression tree analysis) and complex models (artificial neural network, random forest, genetic algorithm for rule set production and maximum entropy approaches). Our objectives are: (i) to compare the strengths and weaknesses of the models, their characteristics and identify suitable situations for their use (in terms of data type and species–environment relationships) and (ii) to provide guidelines for model application, including 3 steps: model selection, model formulation and parameter estimation.
Comparative sensitivity to environmental variation and human disturbance of Asian tapirs (Tapirus indicus) and other wild ungulates in Thailand
Authors: LYNAM Antony J. , TANTIPISANUH Naruemon , CHUTIPONG Wanlop , NGOPRASERT Dusit , BAKER Megan C. , CUTTER Passanan , GALE George , KITAMURA Shumpei , STEINMETZ Robert , SUKMASUANG Ronglarp , THUNHIKORN Somying 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSoutheast Asia's tropical forests suffer the highest rates of deforestation and disturbance of any on Earth, with poorly understood impacts on native fauna. Asian tapirs (Tapirus indicus) are among the least studied of the large mammals in these forests. Using records from 9 camera trap surveys in 7 of the largest (>1000 km2) protected area complexes, we assessed the influence of environmental variation and human‐induced disturbance on tapir occurrence. Tapirs were detected at 13% of locations sampled, significantly associated with evergreen forest (P < 0.001). A multiple logistic regression model predicted tapir presence 87% of the time. According to this model, tapir occurrence was positively influenced by annual rainfall and proximity to the forest edge. However, tapirs may not avoid edges but instead prefer wetter evergreen forest, a habitat type that tended to occur further from the forest edge at higher elevations in our particular study sites (P < 0.001). By comparison, 4 other wild ungulate species that share habitats with tapirs showed a range of differing responses. Tapirs are expected to be less sensitive to disturbance because they are not targets for hunting and trade, and are almost entirely active at night, so avoid peak traffic periods in parks. Tapir populations in Thailand may be more stable than in other parts of their global range because rates of forest loss have decreased >40% over the past 20 years. We recommend surveys to fill gaps in the understanding of the status in lesser‐known protected areas, research to better understand the fine‐scale environmental influences on behavior and habitats of tapirs, and other forest ungulates, and continued legal status for tapirs in the highest category of protection.