bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public policy for productive and healthy workplaces
Authors: Totterdill Peter , Exton Rosemary 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to discuss different ways in which public policymakers can intervene to support workplace innovation. Government intervention and regulation in the economy and labour market are much too important to be treated as an ideological battleground. Despite the availability of evidence that workplace innovation can improve organisational performance and employee well-being, too few companies and public sector bodies are acting on it. This has implications for a wide range of economic and social policy goals, not least at a time when Europe struggles to emerge from recession.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper calls for a mature and informed debate about “what works”, not least regarding the ways in which public policy can help to close the gap and generate win-win outcomes for enterprises and their employees.

Findings
– It looks at the different ways in which public policymakers can intervene to support workplace innovation and provides evidence from a number of countries which points to the benefits of a multidimensional approach based on policies which lead to close collaboration and shared understanding between employers’ organisations, trade unions, business support organisations, chambers of commerce and universities.

Originality/value
– Drawing on evidence from Finland, Flanders, France, Germany and Norway, it shows that there is an urgent need for new thinking about how public policy can help to shape more productive and healthier workplaces in much of Europe and that public intervention should be redefined in a way that reflects the evidence of what actually works in practice.
Joint inversion of long‐offset and central‐loop transient electromagnetic data: Application to a mud volcano exploration in Perekishkul, Azerbaijan
Authors: Haroon A. , Adrian J. , Bergers R. , Gurk M. , Tezkan B. , Mammadov A. L. , Novruzov A. G. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMud volcanism is commonly observed in Azerbaijan and the surrounding South Caspian Basin. This natural phenomenon is very similar to magmatic volcanoes but differs in one considerable aspect: Magmatic volcanoes are generally the result of ascending molten rock within the Earth's crust, whereas mud volcanoes are characterised by expelling mixtures of water, mud, and gas. The majority of mud volcanoes have been observed on ocean floors or in deep sedimentary basins, such as those found in Azerbaijan. Furthermore, their occurrences in Azerbaijan are generally closely associated with hydrocarbon reservoirs and are therefore of immense economic and geological interest. The broadside long‐offset transient electromagnetic method and the central‐loop transient electromagnetic method were applied to study the inner structure of such mud volcanoes and to determine the depth of a resistive geological formation that is predicted to contain the majority of the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the survey area. One‐dimensional joint inversion of central‐loop and long‐offset transient electromagnetic data was performed using the inversion schemes of Occam and Marquardt. By using the joint inversion models, a subsurface resistivity structure ranging from the surface to a depth of approximately 7 km was determined. Along a profile running perpendicular to the assumed strike direction, lateral resistivity variations could only be determined in the shallow depth range using the transient electromagnetic data. An attempt to resolve further two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional resistivity structures, representing possible mud migration paths at large depths using the long‐offset transient electromagnetic data, failed. Moreover, the joint inversion models led to ambiguous results regarding the depth and resistivity of the hydrocarbon target formation due to poor resolution at great depths (>5 km). Thus, 1D/2D modelling studies were subsequently performed to investigate the influence of the resistive terminating half‐space on the measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic data.The 1D joint inversion models were utilised as starting models for both the 1D and 2D modelling studies. The results tend to show that a resistive terminating half‐space, implying the presence of the target formation, is the favourable geological setting. Furthermore, the 2D modelling study aimed to fit all measured long‐offset transient electromagnetic Ex transients along the profile simultaneously. Consequently, 3125 2D forward calculations were necessary to determine the best‐fit resistivity model. The results are consistent with the 1D inversion, indicating that the data are best described by a resistive terminating half‐space, although the resistivity and depth cannot be determined clearly.
Root functional parameters along a land‐use gradient: evidence of a community‐level economics spectrum
Authors: Prieto Iván , Roumet Catherine , Cardinael Remi , Dupraz Christian , Jourdan Christophe , Kim John H. , Maeght Jean Luc , Mao Zhun , Pierret Alain , Portillo Noelia , Roupsard Olivier , Thammahacksa Chantanousone , Stokes Alexia 
Published: November 2014

Summary

There is a fundamental trade‐off between leaf traits associated with either resource acquisition or resource conservation. This gradient of trait variation, called the economics spectrum, also applies to fine roots, but whether it is consistent for coarse roots or at the plant community level remains untested.

We measured a set of morphological and chemical root traits at a community level (functional parameters; FP) in 20 plant communities located along land‐use intensity gradients and across three climatic zones (tropical, mediterranean and montane). We hypothesized (i) the existence of a root economics spectrum in plant communities consistent within root types (fine, < 2 mm; coarse, 2–5 mm), (ii) that variations in root FP occur with soil depths (top 20 cm of soil and 100–150 cm deep) and (iii) along land‐use gradients.

Root FP covaried, in line with the resource acquisition–conservation trade‐off, from communities with root FP associated with resource acquisition (e.g. high specific root length, SRL; thin diameters and low root dry matter contents, RDMC) to root FP associated with resource conservation (e.g. low SRL, thick diameters and high RDMC). This pattern was consistent for both fine and coarse roots indicating a strong consistency of a trade‐off between resource acquisition and conservation for plant roots.

Roots had different suites of traits at different depths, suggesting a disparity in root function and exploitation capacities. Shallow, fine roots were thinner, richer in nitrogen and with lower lignin concentrations associated with greater exploitation capacities compared to deep, fine roots. Shallow, coarse roots were richer in nitrogen, carbon and soluble concentrations than deep, coarse roots.

Fine root parameters of highly disturbed, herbaceous‐dominated plant communities in poorer soils were associated with foraging strategies, that is greater SRL and lower RDMC and lignin concentration than those from less disturbed communities. Coarse roots, however, were less sensitive to the land‐use gradient.

Synthesis. This study demonstrates the existence of a general trade‐off in root construction at a community level, which operates within all root types, suggesting that all plant tissues are controlled by the trade‐off between resource acquisition and conservation.
Inside the “Black Box” of Sell‐Side Financial Analysts
Authors: BROWN LAWRENCE D. , CALL ANDREW C. , CLEMENT MICHAEL B. , SHARP NATHAN Y. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTOur objective is to penetrate the “black box” of sell‐side financial analysts by providing new insights into the inputs analysts use and the incentives they face. We survey 365 analysts and conduct 18 follow‐up interviews covering a wide range of topics, including the inputs to analysts’ earnings forecasts and stock recommendations, the value of their industry knowledge, the determinants of their compensation, the career benefits of Institutional Investor All‐Star status, and the factors they consider indicative of high‐quality earnings. One important finding is that private communication with management is a more useful input to analysts’ earnings forecasts and stock recommendations than their own primary research, recent earnings performance, and recent 10‐K and 10‐Q reports. Another notable finding is that issuing earnings forecasts and stock recommendations that are well below the consensus often leads to an increase in analysts’ credibility with their investing clients. We conduct cross‐sectional analyses that highlight the impact of analyst and brokerage characteristics on analysts’ inputs and incentives. Our findings are relevant to investors, managers, analysts, and academic researchers.
Improving Attendance at Post–Emergency Department Follow‐up Via Automated Text Message Appointment Reminders: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Arora Sanjay , Burner Elizabeth , Terp Sophie , Nok Lam Chun , Nercisian Aren , Bhatt Vivek , Menchine Michael 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectivesPatients discharged from the emergency department (ED) are often referred for primary care, specialty, or other disease‐specific follow‐up appointments. Attendance at these scheduled follow‐up appointments has been found to improve patient outcomes, decrease ED bounce‐backs, and reduce malpractice risk. Reasons for missing follow‐up visits are complex, but the most commonly reason cited by patients is simply forgetting. In this study the authors evaluated the ability of an automated text message reminder system to increase attendance at post‐ED discharge follow‐up appointments in a predominantly Hispanic safety‐net population.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial of ED patients with outpatient follow‐up visits scheduled at the time of ED discharge. A total of 374 English‐ and Spanish‐speaking patients with text‐capable mobile phones were enrolled. Patients in the intervention arm received automated, personalized text message appointment reminders including date, time, and clinic location at 7, 3, and 1 day before scheduled visits. A t‐test of proportions was used to compare outcomes between intervention and control groups. Both an intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and a per‐protocol analysis of the data were performed. The ITT more accurately reflects real‐world conditions where errors such as number entry errors are bound to occur. The per‐protocol analysis adds value by isolating the effect of the intervention by comparing patients who actually received it compared with those who did not.ResultsIn the per‐protocol analysis of the primary outcome, the overall appointment adherence rate was 72.6% in the intervention group compared with 62.1% in the control group (difference between groups = 10.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3% to 20.8%; p = 0.045; number needed to treat = 9.5). In the ITT analysis, the overall appointment attendance rate 70.2% in the intervention group compared with 62.1% in the control group (difference between groups = 8.2%; 95% CI = –1.6% to 17.7%; p = 0.100). In a secondary largely exploratory analysis, the intervention was found to have the most benefit in patients with the lowest baseline follow‐up rate (English speakers with specialty care appointments).ConclusionsAutomated text message appointment reminders resulted in improvement in attendance at scheduled post‐ED discharge outpatient follow‐up visits and represent a low‐cost and highly scalable solution to increase attendance at post‐ED follow‐up appointments, which should be further explored in larger sample sizes and diverse patient populations.
How I learned to channel: Epistemology, phenomenology, and practice in a New Age course
Authors: KLIN‐ORON ADAM 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNew Age channeling aims at intimate and daily contact with benevolent incorporeal entities. In an Israeli channeling course, students learn to interpret external events in a new light and to monitor internal mental, physical, and emotional processes in new ways, culminating in an ability to achieve “controlled flow,” a state of consciousness in which self‐attention is heightened but a sense of volition diminishes. Through the braiding of epistemology, practice, and phenomenology, they engage in a new mode of being‐in‐the‐world and inhabit a new lifeworld where they become conduits to external forces. Anthropological fieldwork also aims at understanding epistemological systems through active participation, but by examining my own experience in the channeling course I demonstrate how temporary suspension of disbelief differs from permanent adoption of a new system of belief. [spirituality, being‐in‐the‐world, participant‐observation, lifeworld, epistemology, phenomenology, embodiment]
Modern meetings: Participation, democracy, and language ideology in Brazil's MST landless movement
Authors: MORTON GREGORY DUFF 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn the democratic cosmology of Brazil's MST landless movement, a meeting must occur before a decision can be reached—even if the decision was set before the meeting. I examine MST speech habits in an effort to understand the meeting as a symptomatically modern method for producing authoritative discourse. I identify four properties of MST meeting speech: (1) a lexicon that highlights verbs of speech, (2) the enforcement of tight semantic linkages between utterances, (3) the equal availability of one speech act to all participants, and (4) the generation of a distinctive species of collective voicing. By virtue of these properties, the meeting becomes a crucial site for the construction of equality and participation as political values. It is these values that are ultimately in play when a speaker mobilizes other people's words to make—or prevent—a decision.
The utility of transoesophageal echocardiography for estimating right ventricular systolic pressure
Authors: Cowie B. , Kluger R. , Rex S. , Missant C. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWith the reduction in use of the pulmonary artery catheter, alternative methods of pulmonary pressure estimation are required. The use of echocardiographically‐derived right ventricular systolic pressure has recently been questioned, but this technique has not been validated in anaesthetised surgical patients with transoesophageal echocardiography. One hundred measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure with transoesophageal echocardiography were compared with the pulmonary artery systolic pressure obtained simultaneously from a pulmonary artery catheter in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Simultaneous right ventricular systolic pressure and pulmonary artery systolic pressure measurements were possible in all patients, and these measurements were strongly correlated (r = 0.98, p < 0.001), with minimal bias and narrow limits of agreement (approximately −5 to +5 mmHg), across a broad range of pulmonary pressures. Measurement of right ventricular systolic pressure using tranoesophageal echocardiography is readily achievable and closely correlates with pulmonary artery systolic pressure, with minimal bias, in cardiac surgical patients undergoing general anaesthesia and positive pressure mechanical ventilation of the lungs.
Learning with serious games: Is fun playing the game a predictor of learning success?
Authors: Iten Nina , Petko Dominik 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSerious games are generally considered to induce positive effects in the areas of learning motivation and learning gains. Yet few studies have examined how these factors are related. Therefore, an empirical study was conducted to test the relationship between anticipated enjoyment and willingness to play, as well as between game enjoyment, self‐reported cognitive and motivational learning gains and test results. In an explorative study, 74 children from five primary schools played the learning game AWWWARE. The results of pre‐ and post‐tests were analysed using multiple linear regressions. The analysis showed that anticipated enjoyment played only a minor part in students' willingness to learn with serious games. Of greater importance was the students' expectation that the learning game would be easy and instructive. The level of actual enjoyment of the game also had a smaller influence than expected. While there was a correlation between enjoyment and the motivation to continue being engaged with the subject matter of the game, no effect was found with respect to self‐assessed or tested learning gains. The results lead to the conclusion that other factors, such as explicit learning tasks, instruction and support inherent in the game or supplemented by teachers, may be more decisive than the experience of fun during the game.
Management of Pentalogy of Cantrell with complete ectopia cordis and Double Outlet Right Ventricle
Authors: Harring Gesa , Weil Jochen , Thiel Christian , Schmelzle Rainer , Mueller Goetz C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPentalogy of Cantrell (PoC) is a rare congenital midline defect. We present a case and its treatment of PoC with complete ectopia cordis and congenital heart disease. Postnatally the congenital heart defect was surgically corrected and the ectopic heart was covered by musculous mobilized flap. Due to cephalic orientation of the heart and limited intrathoracic space, replacement of the heart into the thoracic cavity was initially not performed. After 11 years of follow up our patient now is without relevant limitations solely wearing a thoracic shelter. This case elucidates the complexity of further management. The potential risk of disastrous hemodynamic compromise by intrathoracic shift is to compare with the limited safety of the ectopic heart.
Association of achondroplasia withDown syndrome: Difficulty in prenatal diagnosis by sonographic and 3‐Dhelical computed tomographic analyses
Authors: Kaga Akimune , Murotsuki Jun , Kamimura Miki , Kimura Masato , Saito‐Hakoda Akiko , Kanno Junko , Hoshi Kazuhiko , Kure Shigeo , Fujiwara Ikuma 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAchondroplasia andDown syndrome are relatively common conditions individually. But co‐occurrence of both conditions in the same patient is rare and there have been no reports of fetal analysis of this condition by prenatal sonographic and three‐dimensional (3‐D) helical computed tomography (CT). Prenatal sonographic findings seen in persons withDown syndrome, such as a thickened nuchal fold, cardiac defects, and echogenic bowel were not found in the patient. A prenatal 3‐DhelicalCTrevealed a large head with frontal bossing, metaphyseal flaring of the long bones, and small iliac wings, which suggested achondroplasia. In a case with combination of achondroplasia andDown syndrome, it may be difficult to diagnose the co‐occurrence prenatally without typical markers ofDown syndrome.
Non‐linear relationship between birthweight and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chinese adolescents and adults
Authors: Tam C. H. T. , Wang Y. , Luan J. , Lee H. M. , Luk A. O. Y. , Tutino G. E. , Tong P. C. Y. , Ko G. T. C. , Ozaki R. , Tam W. H. , Kong A. P. S. , So W. Y. , Chan J. C. N. , Ma R. C. W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimTo investigate the relationship between birthweight and cardiometabolic traits in two cohorts: one of Chinese adolescents and one of Chinese adults.MethodsBirthweight and clinical data, including anthropometric traits, fasting plasma glucose and fasting plasma insulin levels, blood pressure and lipid profiles were collected from 2035 adolescents and 456 adults. A subset of 735 subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test to measure the glucose and insulin concentrations at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.ResultsAmong adolescents, birthweight showed U‐shaped relationships with larger body size, obesity, abdominal obesity in girls, insulin resistance and worse lipid profiles (0.0013 < Pquadratic < 0.0499), as well as an inverse association with fasting plasma glucose (Plinear = 0.0368). After further adjustment for adiposity, decreasing birthweight was associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose levels, greater insulin resistance and worse lipid profiles (3.1 × 10‐5 < Plinear < 0.0058). Among adults, high birthweight was associated with larger body size and abdominal obesity in men, while low birthweight was associated with elevated glucose levels at 15, 30, 60 and 120 min and a greater area under the curve at 0–120 min, as well as with β‐cell dysfunction (6.5 × 10‐5 < Plinear < 0.0437). Adjustment for adult adiposity did not substantially change the relationships. There was significant interaction between birthweight and abdominal obesity in elevating fasting plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P > 0.05), with abdominally obese adolescents in the lowest birthweight category ( ≤ 2.5 kg) having the highest risk of insulin resistance.ConclusionsBoth high and low birthweights are associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic abnormalities including obesity, abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, as well as with β‐cell dysfunction.
Fatty acid composition of Cladocera and Copepoda from lakes of contrasting temperature
Authors: Gladyshev Michail I. , Sushchik Nadezhda N. , Dubovskaya Olga P. , Buseva Zhanna F. , Makhutova Olesia N. , Fefilova Elena B. , Feniova Irina Y. , Semenchenko Vitaliy P. , Kolmakova Anzhelika A. , Kalachova Galina S. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

We studied the fatty acid (FA) composition of six species of Cladocera and six species of Copepoda from five cold‐water lakes, situated in the tundra and/or in the mountains, and eight species of Cladocera and four species of Copepoda from eight warm‐water lakes (including one reservoir) in temperate regions.

We asked whether the contrasting temperature would result primarily simply in changes in the percentages (i.e. percentage of total FAs) and absolute contents (quantities) of the long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n‐3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA), or whether there are other FAs with various number of double bonds and/or chain lengths which could be responsible for a putative homeoviscous adaptation. We also aimed to reveal any consistent phylogenetic differences in FA percentages and contents between Cladocera and Copepoda, separable from any temperature effects.

Both taxa in warm waters had greater percentages of 18:0, and lower percentages of 14:0 and 18:4n‐3, than in cold waters, but there were no differences in percentages of DHA. In addition, Cladocera, besides the lower percentage of EPA, had higher percentages of 20:0 and 22:0 in warm waters. These patterns in the percentages of 14:0, 18:0, 18:4n‐3, 20:0 and 22:0 are in a good agreement with the hypothesis of homeoviscous adaptation. Thus, the role of EPA, and particularly DHA, as unique regulators of the homeoviscous adaptation of the zooplankton may have been overestimated.

Overall, we confirmed the known differences between Cladocera and Copepoda, namely higher percentages of EPA in Cladocera and higher percentages of DHA in Copepoda. However, there was c. 50% overlap in the ranges of the percentage of EPA in Cladocera and Copepoda, while the ranges in the content of EPA per unit organic carbon in Cladocera and Copepoda overlapped completely. Differences in the percentages and content of DHA between Cladocera and Copepoda were statistically significant and invariant with temperature, and therefore are probably due to phylogenetic factors, rather than any temperature adaptation.

Contrasting temperature was not associated with significant differences in the contents of EPA and DHA per unit of organic carbon within the taxa studied. If this remained the case in a warming climate, such warming would be unlikely to reduce the accumulation of these important PUFAs in the zooplankton, at least if species composition was unchanged. However, if there were shifts in the proportions of Cladocera and Copepoda in the zooplankton, for example fewer copepods as temperature rises, a decrease of the flux of PUFA in the ecosystem is plausible, taking into account the phylogenetic (and temperature invariant) differences in DHA between the two groups.