bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of the cough severity index: A severity index for chronic cough related to the upper airway
Authors: Shembel Adrianna C. , Rosen Clark A. , Zullo Thomas G. , Gartner‐Schmidt Jackie L. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo develop and validate a cough severity index (CSI) which quantifies patients' symptoms associated with upper airway chronic cough and to provide a tool for treatment outcome measures.MethodsTwo hundred patients who had a complaint of chronic cough and/or dyspnea were given a 49‐ item questionnaire developed through a clinical consensus of the most common symptoms of chronic cough of upper airway origin. The instrument was reduced to 10 questions using statistical methodology. Fifty subsequent patients were given the CSI to measure test‐retest reliability at two different moments in time. Twenty healthy controls (HC) were given the instrument to obtain validity. An additional 95 participants provided pre‐ and posttreatment outcomes using the CSI.ResultsPrinciple Component Analysis (PCA) revealed a single factor with the original 49 questions. A combination of PCA, rank‐ordering item‐total correlation and communality, as well as clinical consensus further reduced the questionnaire to 10 items. Internal consistency of the CSI was 0.97. Test‐retest reliability was r = 0.83. An r = 0.60 for divergent validity between the CSI and the Cough‐Specific Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire (CQLQ) demonstrated two fairly separate instruments, although both measured cough. Mann‐Whitney test was significant between symptomatic patients and healthy controls (P < 0.0004). The results of 20 HC showed a mean of 0.45 (standard deviation = 1.39). Results for treatment outcomes revealed significance with the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.0001) and paired samples t test showed significantly different correlations between pre‐ and postmeasures.ConclusionThe CSI is a short, simple instrument that can be used in the clinical setting to quantify a patient's symptoms of chronic cough of upper airway origin. It represents a statistically reliable, valid, and clinically relevant instrument that can be used to measure treatment outcomes for chronic cough.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 123:1931–1936, 2013
National trends in thyroid surgery and the effect of volume on short‐term outcomes
Authors: Loyo Myriam , Tufano Ralph P. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo characterize contemporary patterns of thyroid surgical care and the effect of volume status on surgical care and short‐term outcomes.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsDischarge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 871,644 patients who underwent surgery for thyroid disease in 1993 through 2008 were analyzed using cross‐tabulations and multivariate regression modeling.ResultsSurgical cases increased from 364,288 in 1993 through 2000 to 507,356 in 2001 through 2008, with an increase in thyroid cancer surgical cases from 28% to 34%. Cases performed by high‐volume surgeons increased from 12% in 1993 through 2000 to 25% in 2001 through 2008, whereas cases performed by very‐low volume surgeons decreased from 51% to 34% (P < .001). Cases performed at high‐volume hospitals increased from 14% in 1993 through 2000 to 29% in 2001 through 2008, whereas cases performed at very‐low volume hospitals decreased from 46% to 33% (P < .001). High‐volume surgeons were significantly more likely to perform total thyroidectomy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, P < .001) and had a lower incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (OR = 0.7, P = .024), hypocalcemia (OR = 0.7, P = .002), and in‐hospital death (OR = 0.3, P = .004). High‐volume hospital care was not associated with extent of surgery, postoperative morbidity, or mortality after adjusting for surgeon volume. After controlling for other variables, thyroid surgery in 2001 through 2008 was associated with an increase in cases performed by low‐volume (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.5, P < .001), intermediate‐volume (RRR = 1.7, P < .001), and high‐volume surgeons (RRR = 2.1, P < .001), high‐volume hospitals (RRR = 2.0, P = .008), total thyroidectomy (RRR = 2.1, P < .001), and neck dissection (RRR = 1.3, P = .016).ConclusionsThese data reflect changing trends in the surgical management of thyroid disease, with meaningful differences in the type of surgical care provided by high‐volume surgeons.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 123:2056–2063, 2013
Progressive cognitive dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Roeske Sandra , Filla Ina , Heim Stefan , Amunts Katrin , Helmstaedter Christoph , Wüllner Ullrich , Wagner Michael , Klockgether Thomas , Minnerop Martina 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough it is well established that there is cognitive dysfunction in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), it is unknown whether cognition deteriorates with disease progression. We therefore prospectively studied cognitive function in patients with SCA3.MethodsEleven patients with SCA3 were assessed using an extensive neuropsychological test battery and retested after 3.5 ± 0.4 years.ResultsIn addition to ataxia and motor control, verbal learning and verbal and figural memory deteriorated significantly during the follow‐up period. An increase in depressive symptoms was not observed.ConclusionsThe observation that memory and learning abilities deteriorated with disease progression suggests that cognitive dysfunction is an integral part of SCA3. Because the applied tests for memory function did not require motor responses, cognitive decline cannot be attributed to progressive cerebellar ataxia. The deterioration of verbal and figural memory can be explained either by extracerebellar pathology or by disruption of cerebellar‐cerebral circuitries. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Effect of glucose concentration on peripheral nerve and its response to anoxia
Authors: Stecker Mark M. , Stevenson Matthew 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Glucose has a significant effect on nerve function. Methods: The effects of glucose on the nerve action potential (NAP) were investigated for concentrations between 0 and 55.5 mmol/L in an in vitro system using rat sciatic nerve. The effects of glucose were investigated in nerves exposed to oxygenated perfusate and those subjected to anoxia. Multiple aspects of the NAP were analyzed. Results: Hypoglycemia produces immediate reductions in NAP amplitude and velocity, whereas hyperglycemia has the opposite effect in the short term. Over a 12‐hour experiment, the amplitude of the NAP remained stable for glucose concentrations in the range 2.8–5.6 mmol/L, but, when the glucose concentration was <2.8 mmol/L or >27.8 mmol/L, the amplitude of the NAP declined. The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia (≥27.8 mmol/L) or hypoglycemia (<4.2 mmol/L) were more pronounced in nerves exposed to intermittent anoxia. Conclusions: This findings confirm the importance of glucose concentration for nerve function especially during anoxia. Muscle Nerve 49:370–377, 2014
Incidence and outcomes of patients with late recurrence of Wilms' tumor
Authors: Malogolowkin M. , Spreafico F. , Dome J.S. , van Tinteren H. , Pritchard‐Jones K. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink M.M. , Bergeron C. , de Kraker J. , Graf N. ,   On behalf of the COG Renal Tumors Committee and the SIOP Renal Tumor Study Group
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundMost relapses from Wilms' tumor occur within 2 years from diagnosis. This study aims to describe the incidence and outcome of patients who experienced a late recurrence (LR) more than 5 years after diagnosis across several clinical trials, and to develop evidence‐based recommendations for follow‐up surveillance.MethodsAvailable records on children with Wilms' tumor enrolled onto 10 national or international cooperative clinical trials were reviewed to identify patients who experienced a LR.ResultsSeventy of 13,330 (0.5%) patients with Wilms' tumor experienced a LR. No gender bias was observed. Median time elapsing between initial Wilms' tumor diagnosis and first recurrence was 13.2 years (range: 5.1–17.3 years). Initial tumor stage was: stage I (15); stage II (19); stage III (14); stage IV (8); bilateral disease stage V (14). The most frequent sites of relapse were—abdomen: 21, lungs: 20, and contralateral kidney: 15. Thirty‐five children died of disease progression. Recurrence in the contralateral kidney was associated with a better outcome (13/15 patients alive), while initial tumor stage did not seem to influence the post‐recurrence outcome. Therapies administered at recurrence varied between centers, preventing any conclusion about the best salvage treatment.ConclusionsLR of Wilms' tumor is rare and associated with similar outcome to those experiencing earlier recurrence. The low rate of LR does not justify prolonged monitoring. Further study of the biology of these tumors may give us some insights in regards to mechanisms on tumor cell dormancy or cancer stem cell maintenance. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1612–1615. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resolving bony abnormality evolves to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Croteau Stacy E. , Henderson Eric R. , Billett Amy L. , Gebhardt Mark C. , Voss Stephan D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrimary lymphoma of bone is a rare malignancy that can mimic infection and benign bone lesions radiographically. Malignant conversion of osseous lesions has been reported; evolution to lymphoma has not. We describe an adolescent male diagnosed with atypical osteoid osteoma who, despite near resolution of bony changes involving the anterior tibia, was diagnosed with monostotic diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma four years later. Indolent lymphoma of the initial lesion is unlikely. This case highlights the importance of clinical suspicion of malignancy even with recurrence of similar clinical presentation and hints at possible osseous microenvironment abnormalities predisposing to the development of lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E113–E115. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determinants of patient satisfaction with care in a Spanish oncology Day Hospital and its relationship with quality of life
Authors: Arraras Juan Ignacio , Illarramendi Jose Juan , Viudez Antonio , Ibáñez Berta , Lecumberri Maria Jose , de la Cruz Susana , Hernandez Berta , Zarandona Uxue , Cambra Koldo , Martinez Maite , Salgado Esteban , Lainez Nuria , Vera Ruth 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates satisfaction with care (SC) in cancer patients treated at a Spanish day hospital to identify SC determinants and assess the relationship between SC and quality of life.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐six patients with different tumour sites and disease stages completed the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ‐C30), the Cancer Outpatient Satisfaction with Care questionnaire for chemotherapy (OUT‐PATSAT35 CT), the Oberst patients' perception of care quality and satisfaction scales, and an item on intention to recommend the hospital. Frequencies in the SC instruments, Spearman correlations between each scale of the OUT‐PATSAT35 CT and overall satisfaction and between the subscales of OUT‐PATSAT35 CT and of QLQ‐C30 were calculated, and the determinants of patients' SC were calculated through multivariate regression models.ResultsSatisfaction with care was high: mean scores were >70 in all OUT‐PATSAT35 CT areas except doctor availability and environment. These scores were in line with the other SC instruments. Correlation with overall satisfaction was high and statistically significant (p < 0.01) for all subscales, especially for the nurses domain, which also had higher SC scores. Correlations between the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and the OUT‐PATSAT35 CT were low (≤0.35). Younger patients and those with breast cancer showed significantly lower satisfaction in most subscales. Unmarried patients and patients that had undergone surgery reported lower satisfaction only in specific subscales.ConclusionsSatisfaction with care among cancer patients treated at the day hospital is high. Nurses play a key and successful role. Age and tumour location revealed stronger relationships with SC. Correlations between SC and quality of life indicate that these concepts are complementary. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C-Kit+ Cells Isolated from Developing Kidneys Are a Novel Population of Stem Cells with Regenerative Potential
Authors: Rangel Erika B. , Gomes Samirah A. , Dulce Raul A. , Premer Courtney , Rodrigues Claudia O. , Kanashiro-Takeuchi Rosemeire M. , Oskouei Behzad , Carvalho Decio A. , Ruiz Phillip , Reiser Jochen , Hare Joshua M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The presence of tissue specific precursor cells is an emerging concept in organ formation and tissue homeostasis. Several progenitors are described in the kidneys. However, their identity as a true stem cell remains elusive. Here, we identify a neonatal kidney-derived c-kit+ cell population that fulfills all of the criteria as a stem cell. These cells were found in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, and multipotentiality with differentiation capacity into mesoderm and ectoderm progeny. Additionally, c-kit+ cells formed spheres in nonadherent conditions when plated at clonal density and expressed markers of stem cells, progenitors, and differentiated cells. Ex vivo expanded c-kit+ cells integrated into several compartments of the kidney, including tubules, vessels, and glomeruli, and contributed to functional and morphological improvement of the kidney following acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Together, these findings document a novel neonatal rat kidney c-kit+ stem cell population that can be isolated, expanded, cloned, differentiated, and used for kidney repair following acute kidney injury. These cells have important biological and therapeutic implications.
Azide Chemistry – An Inorganic Perspective, Part I Metal ­Azides: Overview, General Trends and Recent Developments
Authors: Fehlhammer Wolf Peter , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith Sharpless' and Meldal's discovery of the immensely supportive effect that metal catalysis has on Huisgen's classical 1, 3‐dipolar cycloaddition, azides (RN3) – long underappreciated in organic synthesis – suddenly got in the focus of attention as most crucial players in sensational ‘click chemistry'. Less noisy though with the same commitment and even a much broader scope of scientific topics and objectives, the inorganic azide chemistry has made just as great strides in the last few decades. This review (Part I) gives an introductory survey of the most important results, and informs about modern developments and general trends. Particular emphasis is placed on the recent successful approaches to highly unstable homoleptic azido metal complexes of the main group and early transition elements, as well as on the enormous structural versatility caused by the ‘flexidentate' N3–ligand with its unsurpassed bridging capacities. The presentation in this paper of selected compounds and reactions is meant, in a way, as a prelude to the [3+2]‐cycloadditions of metal azides and related species which will be covered in‐depths in Part II. A large part of the comments finally deals with applications in fields such as catalysis, high explosive performance or magnetism of metal compounds containing azide, today certainly one of the most attractive research areas world‐wide.
Job search motivation of part-time or unemployed Japanese college graduates
Authors: Shirai Toshiaki , Shimomura Hideo , Kawasaki Tomotsugu , Adachi Tomoko , Wakamatsu Yosuke 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe clarify how individuals actively interact with socio-cultural contexts to attain regular employment in Japan. Based on a large sample (N = 3,512) of part-time employed and unemployed college graduates (23–39 years old), we found that: Career decision making self-efficacy predicted job search; a lack of both hope and fulfillment motivated job search, while having hope promoted it; wishing for perfect vocation and being free from both inclination towards personal interests and passivity motivated job search. Clients’ desire for “a perfect vocation,” should not necessarily be considered as a career barrier but, perhaps, rather as an asset for motivating job search. Counselors should seek to better understand the influence of clients’ socio-cultural contexts on their career attitudes.
Buprenorphine—Clinically useful but often misunderstood
Authors: Butler Stephen 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
There are a number of false myths about buprenorphine based on unconfirmed animal data, even from isolated animal organs, and early clinical research. These myths came into textbooks on pharmacology and pain about 30 years ago and have been difficult to eradicate. Animal models of pain and pain relief are notoriously unreliable as predictors of human clinical effects. The fact is that in clinical practice there is NO bell-shaped dose-response curve, there is NO plateau on the dose-response curve, and there is NO antagonist effect from buprenorphine on other mu-opioid agonists.

Methods
This narrative, topical review of relevant research publications evaluates new knowledge on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of buprenorphine of importance in clinical practice.

Results
Buprenorphine is a potent opioid analgesic acting on all four opioid receptors: it is an agonist on the mu-, the delta, and the ORL-1 receptors. It is an antagonist at the kappa-receptor. Buprenorphine has a number of active metabolites with different effects on the four opioid receptors; all except the norbup-3-glu are analgesic. Buprenorphine itself is not a respiratory depressant or sedative, but some of its active metabolites are. Buprenorphine and its active metabolites are not excreted by the kidney. Therefore buprenorphine may be used in patients with advanced renal failure.
Buprenorphine has a slow onset and a long offset. These properties are advantageous, except sometimes when treating severe acute pain. Its agonist effect on the ORL-1 receptor reduces reward-effects and slows the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects.
Buprenorphine inhibits voltage-gated sodium-channels and enhances and prolongs peripheral nerve blocks. Its ORL-1 -effect at the spinal cord may do the same.
Buprenorphine is well suited for treatment of chronic pain, especially chronic neuropathic pain and cancer pain. The beneficial effects as a co-medication during treatment of the opioid-abuse disease are due to its slow onset (less “kick-effect”). Its prolonged offset-time reduces the likelihood of acute withdrawal problems and reduces the “craving” of opioids.

Adverse effects
Buprenorphine, being a mu-agonist, may induce or maintain opioid addiction. Illegally obtained high-dose transmucosal buprenorphine, intended for treatment of addiction, is dissolved and injected by opioid abusers. This is an increasing problem in some countries.

Conclusions
Buprenorphine’s unusual pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics make it an ideal opioid for treatment of most chronic pain conditions where opioid therapy is indicated.

Implications
Buprenorphine is a well studied and often misunderstood analgesic opioid drug. The evidence base predicts that it will be an increasingly important alternative for treatment of chronic pain conditions caused by cancer and non-cancer diseases. It will continue to be an attractive alternative to methadone for opioid abuse rehabilitation.
Caledonian terrane amalgamation of Svalbard: detrital zircon provenance of Mesoproterozoic to Carboniferous strata from Oscar II Land, western Spitsbergen
Authors: GASSER DETA , ANDRESEN ARILD 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe tectonic origin of pre-Devonian rocks of Svalbard has long been a matter of debate. In particular, the origin and assemblage of pre-Devonian rocks of western Spitsbergen, including a blueschist-eclogite complex in Oscar II Land, are enigmatic. We present detrital zircon U–Pb LA-ICP-MS data from six Mesoproterozoic to Carboniferous samples and one U–Pb TIMS zircon age from an orthogneiss from Oscar II Land in order to discuss tectonic models for this region. Variable proportions of Palaeo- to Neoproterozoic detritus dominate the metasedimentary samples. The orthogneiss has an intrusion age of 927 ± 3 Ma. Comparison with detrital zircon age spectra from other units of similar depositional age within the North Atlantic region indicates that Oscar II Land experienced the following tectonic history: (1) the latest Mesoproterozoic sequence was part of a successor basin which originated close to the Grenvillian–Sveconorwegian orogen, and which was intruded byc. 980–920 Ma plutons; (2) the Neoproterozoic sediments were deposited in a large-scale basin which stretched along the Baltoscandian margin; (3) the eclogite-blueschist complex and the overlying Ordovician–Silurian sediments probably formed to the north of the Grampian/Taconian arc; (4) strike-slip movements assembled the western coast of Spitsbergen outside of, and prior to, the main Scandian collision; and (5) the remaining parts of Svalbard were assembled by strike-slip movements during the Devonian. Our study confirms previous models of complex Caledonian terrane amalgamation with contrasting tectonic histories for the different pre-Devonian terranes of Svalbard and particularly highlights the non-Laurentian origin of Oscar II Land.
Nerve-sparing subcapsular resection of head and neck schwannomas: technique evaluation and literature review
Authors: Battoo A J , Sheikh Z A , Thankappan K , Hicks W , Iyer S , Kuriakose M A 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground:The head and neck region harbours crucial structures and hence the surgical technique used to remove schwannomas from this region should cause minimal damage to these structures, with complete removal of pathology.Methods:This study entailed a retrospective analysis of 10 patients with head and neck schwannomas that were excised using a nerve-sparing subcapsular dissection technique. The primary aims were to assess the functional impact of the surgical technique on the structure of origin and to evaluate local control.Results:One patient with parapharyngeal schwannoma developed symptoms suggestive of ‘first bite syndrome’ in the late post-operative period. Another patient with facial nerve schwannoma had House–Brackmann grade II weakness in the immediate post-operative period, which subsequently resolved. None of the patients developed recurrence during a median follow-up period of two years.Conclusion:The nerve-sparing subcapsular dissection technique provided effective local control of tumour pathology, with relative preservation of neural function post-operatively.