bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of clenbuterol on the clearance of particles of charcoal (4 to 90 μm) from the uteri of mares
Authors: Kolm G. , Gemeiner M. , Deichsel K. , Budik S. , Aurich J. , Aurich C. 
Published: October 2014

The failure of clearance mechanisms in the mare’s uterus results in persistent inflammation and is considered a major cause of subfertility. Eighteen mares, of which three were susceptible to endometritis and four had been ovariectomised, underwent charcoal clearance testing to evaluate their clearance mechanisms. This consisted of installing 500 mg of charcoal (particle size 4 to 90 μm) added to 50 ml of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) into the uterus. Forty‐eight hours later the uterus was flushed out with 0·0012 per cent methylene blue in 50 ml of PBS for determination of the diluting factor by photospectrometry. Flush volume, pH, specific gravity and pellet size were all analysed. To investigate the effect of a β2‐adrenergic agonist on the ability of genitally healthy oestrous mares to eliminate a suspension of charcoal from the uterus, four genitally healthy mares with appropriate charcoal clearance were also subjected to clearance testing following intravenous administration of 0·8 μg/kg of clenbuterol every 12 hours and 1 μg/kg of clenbuterol every eight hours. All parameters were within their normal range following clenbuterol treatment. However, minimal but significant differences in pre‐ and post‐treatment values regarding fluid volume and extinction rate were recorded.
Establishment of a maedi‐visna‐free flock after the purchase of infected sheep
Authors: Otter A. , Boundy T. 
Published: October 2014

Maedi‐visna (MV) infection was detected in a cohort of 68 purchased ewes, one of several groups of sheep introduced to a farm after the previous stock had been culled with suspected foot‐and‐mouth disease in 2001. Except for short periods totalling six to seven weeks when the sheep co‐grazed with 13 ewe lambs and ram lambs, the infected cohort was kept separate from other sheep on the farm over a total of 21 months. During this period two crops of lambs were reared from the infected ewes. All the lambs were fattened and killed, and all ewes were culled after the second crop of lambs had been weaned. Subsequent serological testing of the remaining sheep on the farm confirmed the elimination of MV infection from the flock, leading to its acceptance in the Maedi Visna Accreditation Scheme of the Scottish Agricultural College’s Sheep and Goat Health Schemes.
Acute monocytic leukaemia in a cat
Authors: Nagashima N. , Kano R. , Hirai A. , Yamazaki J. , Inoue C. , Hisasue M. , Moore P. F. , Hasegawa A. 
Published: October 2014

A three‐year‐old cat with lymphadenopathy, non‐regenerative anaemia and marked leucocytosis (171·3 × 109 white blood cells/l) was diagnosed with monocytic leukaemia and treated with a combination of anticancer drugs. A number of mature and immature monocyte‐like cells were detected in the peripheral blood and bone marrow; they proved to be monocytic cells by cytochemical examination and an analysis of their cell surface phenotype, indicating that the cat suffered from acute myeloid leukaemia, subclassified as monocytic leukaemia (M5). Treatment with cytarabine, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone greatly reduced the number of blast cells in the cat’s peripheral blood and bone marrow. The cat was in partial remission for 67 days and survived for 95 days after it was first examined.
Proteinuria and immunoglobulinuria in neonatal dogs
Authors: Schäfer‐Somi S. , Bär‐Schadler S. , Aurich J. E. 
Published: October 2014

Samples of urine and serum from 45 newborn rottweiler puppies from six litters, and milk from their mothers, were taken 24, 48 and 72 hours and seven and 14 days after birth. Urine total protein and creatinine concentrations were determined and the ratios calculated. The immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in urine, serum and milk were determined with a commercially available ELISA kit. The concentration of total protein in urine decreased from 1·64 to 0·29 mg/ml, and it and the ratio of total protein to creatinine in the urine of the neonatal puppies exceeded the normal values for adult dogs, but all the puppies developed normally. The average concentration of IgG in urine decreased from 0·0035 to 0·0003 mg/ml, that of IgA from 0·0035 to 0·0002 mg/ml and that of IgM from 0·0006 mg/ml to undetectable levels after two weeks. After two weeks, 47 per cent of the puppies had measurable levels of IgA and 70·6 per cent had measurable levels of IgG, but none of them had measurable levels of IgM.
Effects of meloxicam on the haemostatic profile of dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Kazakos G. M. , Papazoglou L. G. , Rallis T. , Tsimopoulos G. , Adamama‐Moraitou K. , Tea A. 
Published: October 2014

The buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and intraoperative bleeding score (IBS) of 38 dogs that underwent orthopaedic surgical procedures and received meloxicam orally and/or parenterally were measured. Fourteen of the dogs (group A) received a single subcutaneous dose of 0·2 mg/kg meloxicam at premedication, 18 dogs (group B) received 0·1 mg/kg meloxicam orally daily for five days followed by a single subcutaneous dose of 0·2 mg/kg meloxicam preoperatively, and six dogs (group C) received 0·5 ml of normal saline subcutaneously at premedication. No statistically significant differences among the groups were detected in relation to the mean (sd) values of BMBT, PT and IBS before and after the surgery, or in the values of APTT in group A. In group B there was a small but significant increase in APTT after the surgery, but all the measurements were within the normal range for dogs.
Role of ketoprofen in the modulation of hyperalgesia associated with lameness in dairy cattle
Authors: Whay H. R. , Webster A. J. F. , Waterman‐Pearson A. E. 
Published: October 2014

Forty lame dairy cows were randomly assigned to receive a course of either the non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ketoprofen, or sterile saline, together with conventional treatment for lameness. The effect of the ketoprofen was measured by using locomotion scoring and by testing the cows’ nociceptive threshold over a period of 28 days. The locomotion score of all the cows improved but ketoprofen had no significant effect on this change. However, in the cows that received ketoprofen the hyperalgesia associated with lameness, recorded using a nociceptive threshold test, was significantly modulated on days 3, 8 and 28 after their initial examination, drug administration and treatment of lesions.
Footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep: farmers’ practices, opinions and attitudes
Authors: Wassink G. J. , Moore L. J. , Grogono‐Thomas R. , Green L. E. 
Published: October 2014

In 1999, a study was initiated to improve the treatment and control of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in sheep flocks in England and Wales. In November 2000, a retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted in which 392 sheep farmers were asked to estimate the prevalence of footrot and interdigital dermatitis in their flock in the previous 12 months, whether they considered these diseases to be a problem, how they treated and controlled them and their opinion on the success of the treatment and control measures that they used; 209 of them provided usable responses. The farmers tended to be more concerned as the prevalence of the diseases increased; 91 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent considered it a small or very small problem on their farm, but 51 per cent of the farmers with a prevalence of 5 per cent or more also considered it to be a small or very small problem. Approximately 60 per cent of the farmers who used parenteral antibiotics considered that they were good or excellent at treating footrot, and this treatment was associated with a prevalence of less than 5 per cent. A similar proportion of farmers also considered topical foot sprays and footbathing to be good or excellent for controlling footrot or interdigital dermatitis, but these treatments were not associated with a lower prevalence of footrot or interdigital dermatitis. Of the 29 farmers who used a footrot vaccine, 20 (69 per cent) considered it good to excellent and this was associated with a prevalence of footrot of less than 5 per cent in their flock; however, vaccination was not associated with lower levels of footrot across the whole sample. Farmers spent approximately 34 minutes per sheep per year treating and controlling footrot; 31 per cent were prepared to spend more money and more time to manage footrot, 27 per cent were prepared to spend more time, 19 per cent were prepared to spend more money and 23 per cent were not prepared to do either. The farmers who were willing to invest more money or more money and time had a higher prevalence of footrot.
Impact of the duration of control of cattle lice with eprinomectin on leather quality
Authors: Hadley P. J. , Forbes A. B. , Rice B. J. , Garnsworthy P. C. 
Published: October 2014

The relationship between lice infestation in calves during their first winter and damage to the leather produced was investigated in a trial involving 500 calves, 100 of which were treated with a pour‐on endectocide during the first winter. All the calves received routine lice treatment in the second winter and were reared to slaughter weight. The hides were removed at the abattoir, tanned, inspected for lice‐related damage, and graded according to their suitability for the production of high quality leather. The untreated group developed natural infestations of the chewing louse (Bovicola bovis) during the first winter but none was observed in the second winter. Hides from cattle infested with lice in their first winter had higher levels of lice damage than hides from those treated with eprinomectin, at both the chrome‐tanned and dried dyed‐crust stages of leather production.
Estimating the financial losses due to bovine fasciolosis in Switzerland
Authors: Schweizer G. , Braun U. , Deplazes P. , Torgerson P. R. 
Published: October 2014

In dairy cattle in Switzerland, the prevalence of infection with Fasciola hepatica is over 16 per cent. Previous studies have suggested that even subclinical infections with liver fluke may induce significant reductions in the performance of cattle. The financial losses attributable to F hepatica were estimated using a simple spreadsheet model to sum the individual losses that have been suggested in the literature. Because there is substantial variability in these production losses, Monte Carlo sampling techniques were used to model this variability. Each cost item and each data item related to the prevalence of F hepatica was assigned a mathematical distribution which took account of the variability of the experimental data and/or the sample size of the data. A total of 10,000 simulations were undertaken, with each item randomly varied through its mathematical distribution on each simulation. The results suggest that the median financial loss due to bovine fasciolosis in Switzerland is approximately €52 million, with probable 95 per cent confidence limits ranging from €22 million to €92 million per annum, which represents a median loss of €299 per infected animal. Most of the losses arise from reduced milk yield and reduced fertility, and smaller losses are due to reduced meat production and the condemnation of livers.
Trends in Fatty Acid Intake of Adults in the Minneapolis‐St Paul, MN Metropolitan Area, 1980–1982 Through 2007–2009
Authors: Honors Mary Ann , Harnack Lisa J. , Zhou Xia , Steffen Lyn M. 
Published: October 2014

Background

Intake of dietary fatty acids has been linked to cardiovascular disease risk. However, data available to evaluate trends in fatty acid intake in the
US
population are limited, particularly with regard to
trans
fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (
DHA
), and eicosapentaenoic acid (
EPA
).

Methods and Results

The present analysis examined trends in fatty acid intake from 1980–1982 through 2007–2009 and compared levels of intake to those recommended in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and by the American Heart Association. Twenty‐four‐hour dietary recalls were collected from 12 526 participants enrolled in the Minnesota Heart Survey, a series of 6 independent cross‐sectional surveys designed to monitor cardiovascular risk factors in noninstitutionalized adults residing in the Minneapolis‐St Paul,
MN
metropolitan area. Mean intake estimates were generated for each survey, and a generalized linear mixed model was used to test the null hypothesis of no difference in the age‐adjusted, sex‐specific means across survey years. Downward trends were observed for total, saturated, and
trans
fat as a percent of total energy in both men and women. However, mean intakes were still above recommended levels for both
trans
and saturated fatty acids. Mean intakes of
DHA
and
EPA
were also below recommended levels.

Conclusions

Despite promising trends, mean intakes of
trans
and saturated fatty acids do not meet current recommendations. Additional public health strategies are needed to promote recommended intakes of dietary fats.
Hamman and Boerhaave syndromes – diagnostic dilemmas in a patient presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum: a case report
Authors: Buchanan Gordon M , Franklin Vivian 
Published: October 2014

Introduction Hyperemesis gravidarum describes persistent vomiting leading to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. It is the commonest reason for admission in the first half of pregnancy. We describe a case of Hamman syndrome secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum. We also discuss Boerhaave syndrome: a particularly rare condition with only a handful of cases being described in the literature. Case presentation A 17 year old admitted with hyperemesis gravidarum was diagnosed with Hamman syndrome after complaining of chest pain due to the presence of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum on chest radiograph. She was treated conservatively for potential ruptured oesophagus but then self-discharged against medical advice. Conclusion Subcutaneous emphysema is an alarming finding in any pregnancy and should be treated in a timely and cautious manner. This case report adds weight to the previous literature advocating a conservative versus surgical approach to the management of a woman with Hamman syndrome secondary to hyperemesis gravidarum.
Volumetric glioma quantification: comparison of manual and semi-automatic tumor segmentation for the quantification of tumor growth
Authors: Odland Audun , Server Andres , Saxhaug Cathrine , Breivik Birger , Groote Rasmus , Vardal Jonas , Larsson Christopher , Bjørnerud Atle 
Published: October 2014

Background Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now widely available and routinely used in the evaluation of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Ideally, volumetric measurements should be included in this evaluation. However, manual tumor segmentation is time-consuming and suffers from inter-observer variability. Thus, tools for semi-automatic tumor segmentation are needed. Purpose To present a semi-automatic method (SAM) for segmentation of HGGs and to compare this method with manual segmentation performed by experts. The inter-observer variability among experts manually segmenting HGGs using volumetric MRIs was also examined. Material and Methods Twenty patients with HGGs were included. All patients underwent surgical resection prior to inclusion. Each patient underwent several MRI examinations during and after adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. Three experts performed manual segmentation. The results of tumor segmentation by the experts and by the SAM were compared using Dice coefficients and kappa statistics. Results A relatively close agreement was seen among two of the experts and the SAM, while the third expert disagreed considerably with the other experts and the SAM. An important reason for this disagreement was a different interpretation of contrast enhancement as either surgically-induced or glioma-induced. The time required for manual tumor segmentation was an average of 16 min per scan. Editing of the tumor masks produced by the SAM required an average of less than 2 min per sample. Conclusion Manual segmentation of HGG is very time-consuming and using the SAM could increase the efficiency of this process. However, the accuracy of the SAM ultimately depends on the expert doing the editing. Our study confirmed a considerable inter-observer variability among experts defining tumor volume from volumetric MRIs.
Effect of inhalational anaesthetic on postoperative cognitive dysfunction following radical rectal resection in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Tang Ni , Ou Cehua , Liu Yulin , Zuo Yunxia , Bai Yipping 
Published: October 2014

Aims To determine the effect of choice of inhalational anaesthetic (sevoflurane vs propofol) on the incidence and severity of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods Elderly patients with MCI undergoing radical rectal resection were randomly assigned to receive sevoflurane or propofol general anaesthesia. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing before and 7 days after surgery. POCD severity was graded as mild, moderate or severe using standard deviation cut-offs. Results At 7 days after surgery, the incidence of POCD was 29.7% in the propofol group ( n = 101) and 33.3% in the sevoflurane group ( n = 99). There was a signiﬁcant between-group difference for POCD severity: sevoflurane anaesthesia had a more severe impact on cognitive function than propofol anaesthesia. Conclusions There was no difference in the incidence of POCD at 7 days after radical rectal resection under sevoflurane or propofol-based general anaesthesia. Both propofol and sevoflurane were associated with negative cognitive effects, but sevoflurane had a more severe impact on cognitive function than propofol, in elderly patients with MCI.
Tumour and lymph node uptakes on dual-phased 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography correlate with prognostic parameters in breast cancer
Authors: Chang Chin-Chuan , Tu Hung-Pin , Chen Yu-Wen , Lin Chia-Yang , Hou Ming-Feng 
Published: October 2014

Objectives To examine correlations between the uptake of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) by primary tumours and axillary lymph nodes, and clinical and biological tumour prognostic parameters, in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. Methods Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who had received a dual-phased FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan for pretreatment staging were enrolled retrospectively. Maximal standardized uptake values at 1 h (SUV1), 2 h (SUV2), and retention indices (RI) of the tumours and ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were measured. SUV and RI were compared with clinical and biological prognostic parameters. Results A total of 32 patients participated in the study. Tumour FDG uptake correlated with histological grade and tumour size. FDG uptake in axillary lymph nodes correlated positively with lymph node status, metastasis status and clinical stage. RI values for the tumour and lymph nodes were significantly positively correlated with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positivity. Conclusions FDG uptake in tumours and lymph nodes showed correlations with some clinical and biological parameters, and may serve as a predictive marker of tumour biological behaviour in breast cancer.
How we treat invasive fungal diseases in patients with acute leukemia: the importance of an individualized approach
Authors: Nucci Marcio , Anaissie Elias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractInvasive fungal diseases (IFDs) represent an important cause of treatment failure in adults with acute leukemia. Because of leukemia’s heterogeneity, the risk for IFDs is highly variable. We therefore apply a risk-adapted antifungal strategy with strong emphasis on pretreatment and day-15 posttreatment to allow earlier and more individualized interventions. We determine pretreatment risks for IFDs based on 4 factors: (1) host fitness for standard therapy (ie, fit, unfit, or frail); (2) leukemia resistance (high vs low probability of achieving complete remission [CR]); (3) anticipated treatment-related toxicity such as neutropenia, mucositis, and steroid-induced immunosuppression; and (4) patient exposure to opportunistic fungi. Accordingly, we stratify patients as high, intermediate, or low risk for IFDs and apply risk-adapted antifungal strategies, including primary or secondary prophylaxis and diagnostic-based preemptive or empiric therapy. Prevention of IFDs also relies on optimizing organ function, decreasing exposure to opportunistic fungi, and improving net state of immunosuppression with use of better-tolerated and investigational agents for unfit patients and those with adverse leukemia biology. Novel targeted and safe therapies that can achieve higher rates of sustained CR among patients with adverse genetics offer the best promise for reducing the burden of IFDs in these patients.
Modeling de novo leukemogenesis from human cord blood with MN1 and NUP98HOXD13
Authors: Imren Suzan , Heuser Michael , Gasparetto Maura , Beer Philip A. , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Xiang Ping , Chen Ling , Berg Tobias , Rhyasen Garrett W. , Rosten Patricia , Park Gyeongsin , Moon Yeonsook , Weng Andrew P. , Eaves Connie J. , Humphries R. Keith 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
MN1 promotes self-renewal and inhibits differentiation of CD34+ cord blood cells in vitro. De novo leukemogenesis is engineered by MN1 and NUP98HOXD13 expression in cord blood cells.
Factor VIII brand and the incidence of factor VIII inhibitors in previously untreated UK children with severe hemophilia A, 2000-2011
Authors: Collins Peter W. , Palmer Benedict P. , Chalmers Elizabeth A. , Hart Daniel P. , Liesner Ri , Rangarajan Savita , Talks Katherine , Williams Michael , Hay Charles R. M. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Kogenate Bayer/Helixate NexGen was associated with a higher inhibitor incidence than Advate in 407 consecutive UK severe hemophilia A previously untreated patients. Other risk factors for inhibitor development were factor VIII genotype, ethnicity, and intensive treatment episodes.
The thrombopoietin receptor, MPL, is critical for development of a JAK2V617F-induced myeloproliferative neoplasm
Authors: Sangkhae Veena , Etheridge S. Leah , Kaushansky Kenneth , Hitchcock Ian S. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsMPL is essential for the development of JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms in vivo. Ablation or reduction of Mpl significantly reduces the pool of neoplastic hematopoietic stem cells.