bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SULT2B1b Sulfotransferase: Induction by Vitamin D Receptor and Reduced Expression in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Seo Young-Kyo , Mirkheshti Nooshin , Song Chung S. , Kim Soyoung , Dodds Sherry , Ahn Soon C. , Christy Barbara , Mendez-Meza Rosario , Ittmann Michael M. , Abboud-Werner Sherry , Chatterjee Bandana 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
An elevated tumor tissue androgen level, which reactivates androgen receptor in recurrent prostate cancer, arises from the intratumor synthesis of 5α-dihydrotestosterone through use of the precursor steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and is fueled by the steroidogenic enzymes 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD1), aldoketoreductase (AKR1C3), and steroid 5-alpha reductase, type 1 (SRD5A1) present in cancer tissue. Sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) (in short, SULT2B) is a prostate-expressed hydroxysteroid SULT that converts cholesterol, oxysterols, and DHEA to 3β-sulfates. DHEA metabolism involving sulfonation by SULT2B can potentially interfere with intraprostate androgen synthesis due to reduction of free DHEA pool and, thus, conversion of DHEA to androstenedione. Here we report that in prostatectomy specimens from treatment-naive patients, SULT2B expression is markedly reduced in malignant tissue (P &lt; .001, Mann-Whitney U test) compared with robust expression in adjacent nonmalignant glands. SULT2B was detected in formalin-fixed specimens by immunohistochemistry on individual sections and tissue array. Immunoblotting of protein lysates of frozen cancer and matched benign tissue confirmed immunohistochemistry results. An in-house–developed rabbit polyclonal antibody against full-length human SULT2B was validated for specificity and used in the analyses. Ligand-activated vitamin D receptor induced the SULT2B1 promoter in vivo in mouse prostate and increased SULT2B mRNA and protein levels in vitro in prostate cancer cells. A vitamin D receptor/retinoid X receptor-α–bound DNA element (with a DR7 motif) mediated induction of the transfected SULT2B1 promoter in calcitriol-treated cells. SULT2B knockdown caused an increased proliferation rate of prostate cancer cells upon stimulation by DHEA. These results suggest that the tumor tissue SULT2B level may partly control prostate cancer growth, and its induction in a therapeutic setting may inhibit disease progression.
Attachment ability of a clamp-bearing fish parasite, Diplozoon paradoxum (Monogenea) on gills of the common bream Abramis brama
Authors: Wong Wey Lim , Gorb Stanislav N. 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Monogeneans, which are mainly fish ectoparasites, use various types of haptoral (posterior) attachment apparatus to secure their attachment onto their hosts. However, it remains unclear how strongly a monogenean can attach onto its host. In the present study, we aimed for the first time to (1) measure pull-off forces required to detach a pair of clamp-bearing monogeneans, Diplozoon paradoxum from gills of Abramis brama and (2) determine the contribution of muscles to the clamp movements. An average force of 6.1 ± 2.7 mN (about 246 times of the animals’ weight) was required to dislodge a paired D. paradoxum vertically from the gills. There were significant differences (p &lt; 0.05, Tukey test) between the widths of clamp openings in D. paradoxum treated in three different solutions: the widest clamp openings were observed in the monogeneans treated in 100 mM potassium chloride solution (58.26 ± 13.44 µm), followed by those treated in 20 mM magnesium chloride solution (37.91 ± 7.58 µm), and finally those treated in filtered lake water (20.16 ± 8.63 µm). This suggests that the closing of the clamps is probably not due to the continuous contraction of extrinsic muscles but caused by the elasticity of the clamp material and that muscle activity is required for clamp opening.
On the methodological limitations of detecting oxidative stress: effects of paraquat on measures of oxidative status in greenfinches
Authors: Meitern Richard , Sild Elin , Kilk Kalle , Porosk Rando , Hõrak Peeter 
Published: April 2013

Summary
Oxidative stress (OS) is widely believed to be responsible for generation of trade-offs in evolutionary ecology by means of constraining investment into a number of components of fitness. Yet the progress in understanding the true role of OS in ecology and evolution has remained elusive. Interpretation of current findings is particularly hampered by the scarcity of experiments demonstrating which of the many available parameters of oxidative status respond most sensitively to and are relevant for measuring OS. We addressed these questions in wild-caught captive greenfinches (Carduelis chloris) by experimental induction of OS by administration of the pro-oxidant compound paraquat with drinking water. Treatment induced 50% of mortality and a significant drop in body mass and an increase in oxidative DNA damage and glutathione levels in erythrocytes among the survivors of the high paraquat (0.2 g/L during 7 days) group. Three days after the end of the treatment, paraquat had no effect on peroxidation of lipids (plasma malondialdehyde), carbonylation of proteins (in erythrocytes), parameters of plasma antioxidant protection (TAC and OXY), uric acid or carotenoids. Our findings of an increase in one marker of damage and one marker of protection from the multitude of measured variables indicate that detection of OS is difficult even under most stringent experimental induction of oxidative insult. We hope that this study highlights the need for reconsideration of over-simplistic models of OS and draws attention to the limitations of detection of OS due to time-lagged and hormetic up-regulation of protective mechanisms. This study also underpins the diagnostic value of measurement of oxidative damage to DNA bases and assessment of erythrocyte glutathione levels.
Amination of Phenylketene Revisit. Substituent Effect on Reactivity
Authors: Badal Md Mizanur Rahman , Zhang Min , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Mishima Masaaki 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The asymmetric stretching frequencies of the ketene group of the m,p-substituted phenylketenes were found to be correlated with σ. The substituent effects for the second-order rate constants of phenylketenes with various amines were not correlated linearly with any single substituent constants. The curved σ°-correlations with a plateau at a high reactivity region were observed for meta-substituents and p-chloro. The substituent effects including para-π-acceptors were described in terms of the Yukawa–Tsuno equation modified by a quadratic term as an approximation. The resultant ρ value decreases significantly from 2.92 for 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine to 0.83 for benzylamine while an r− value increases from 0.50 to 1.10. The opposite change of ρ and r− with amines was interpreted by the dual electronic interactions between substituents and positive/negative charges at the zwitterionic transition structure. According to this interpretation, benzylamine with small ρ value and large r− value attributes to early transition state and larger ρ value with smaller r− value for 2,2,2-trifluoroethylamine attributes to late transition state.
A Microbial-Mineralization-Inspired Approach for Systematic Syntheses of Copper Oxides with Controlled Morphologies in an Aqueous Solution at Room Temperature
Authors: Oaki Yuya , Ikeda Tatsuya , Imai Hiroaki 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A microbial-mineralization-inspired approach directed the selective syntheses of copper oxides and related compounds from divalent copper ions in an aqueous solution at room temperature. The systematic syntheses were achieved by three routes; direct, transient-intermediate, and precursor-transformation routes. Inspired by microbial mineralization processes, the oxidation states, crystal phases, and morphologies of copper oxides and related compounds were controlled by the tuning of synthetic conditions. The present approaches facilitated the formation of spherical CuO and Cu2O crystals with hierarchical structures and high specific surface area. The resultant CuO hierarchical spheres showed improved properties as a catalyst for decomposition of an organic molecule in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
Crystal structure of [N'-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazido]( methanol)dioxomolybdenum(VI) methanol solvate, C16H16MoN2O7·CH3OH, C17H20MoN2O8
Authors: Jia Xiao-Chuan , Li Jing , Liu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Na , Zhang Hui 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C17H20MoN2O8, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.9004(7) Å, b = 10.225(1) Å, c = 14.332(2) Å, α = 79.346(2)°, β = 82.660(2)°, γ = 77.576(1)°, V = 966.4 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0318, wRref(F2) = 0.0813, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of poly[diaqua-4-carboxylatephenylacetate-κ2O,O'-1,2- di-(4-pyridyl-κN)-ethane-nickel(II) 0.33 hydrate, Ni(C9H6O4)(C12H10N2)(H2O)2·(H2O)0.33, C21H20.66N2NiO6.33
Authors: Li Gui-Lian , Yin Wen-Dong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C21H20.66N2NiO6.33, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.8119(9) Å, b = 11.367(1) Å, c = 11.689(2) Å, α = 108.992(2)°, β = 98.580(2)°, γ = 108.045(1)°, V = 1011.2 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0329, wRref(F2) = 0.0935, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of a new polymorph of iodo-(benzthiazoline-2-thione- κS)-bis(triphenylphosphine-κP)copper(I), [CuI(C7H5NS2)(PPh3)2], C43H35CuINP2S2
Authors: Liu Bin , Qiu Qi-Ming , Yu Yue , Jiang Yu-Han , Jin Qiong-Hua , Zhang Cun-Lin 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C43H35CuINP2S2, triclinic, P1¯ (no. 2), a = 10.6136(8) Å, b = 12.406(1) Å, c = 16.729(1) Å, α = 96.807(1)°, β = 98.279(1)°, γ = 113.245(2)°, V = 1965.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0314, wRref(F2) = 0.0828, T = 298 K.
Crystal structure of aqua-bis(2-(4-carboxyphenyl)acetato-κ2O,O')- bis(1,2-di-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane-κN)-cadmium(II), Cd(C9H7O4)2(C12H12N2)2(H2O), C42H40CdN4O9
Authors: Li Gui-Lian , Yin Wei-Dong 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C42H40CdN4O9, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 42.518(6) Å, b = 9.945(2) Å, c = 9.062(1) Å, β = 94.674(2)°, V = 3819.2 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0241, wRref(F2) = 0.0613, T = 296 K.
Prevalence and Ergonomic Risk Factors of Work‐related Musculoskeletal Injuries amongst Underground Mine Workers in Zambia
Authors: Kunda Richard , Frantz Josè , Karachi Farhana 
Published: April 2013

Prevalence and Ergonomic Risk Factors of Work‐related Musculoskeletal Injuries amongst Underground Mine Workers in Zambia: Richard KUNDA, et al. Physiotherapy Department, University of the Western Cape, South Africa—Work‐related musculoskeletal injuries (WMSIs) are common in both developed and third world countries. Most researchers agree that exposure to ergonomic risk factors is a major contributor to these injuries.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of and ergonomic risk factors associated with WMSIs amongst underground mine workers in Kitwe, Zambia.MethodsA cross‐sectional quantitative study was conducted using a sample size of 500 workers. A stratified random sampling method according to mining work activity type was used to obtain the sample. Data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire, and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results were significant at 5%.ResultsA response rate of 40.4% (202) was obtained. The 12month prevalence of WMSIs was 42.6%. The mean age of the workers was 40.31 years (SD +/− 8.57 years). Electricians and mechanics reported the highest injury frequencies. The back was the most affected body part. Ergonomic risk factors consistently reported by workers included poor postures and heavy lifting. There were significant (p=0.020) associations between working with the back bent and sustaining a back injury. Significant (p=0.049) associations were also found between injuries of the wrists/hands and grasping an unsupported object(s).ConclusionsThis study revealed significant associations between WMSIs and ergonomic risk factors like working with the back bent and grasping objects.
Effect on Mental Health of a Participatory Intervention to Improve Psychosocial Work Environment: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Nurses
Authors: Uchiyama Ayako , Odagiri Yuko , Ohya Yumiko , Takamiya Tomoko , Inoue Shigeru , Shimomitsu Teruichi 
Published: April 2013

Effect on Mental Health of a Participatory Intervention to Improve Psychosocial Work Environment: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial among Nurses: Ayako UCHIYAMA, et al. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Japan—ObjectivesImprovement of psychosocial work environment has proved to be valuable for workers' mental health. However, limited evidence is available for the effectiveness of participatory interventions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on mental health among nurses of a participatory intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment.MethodsA cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted in hospital settings. A total of 434 nurses in 24 units were randomly allocated to 11 intervention units (n=183) and 13 control units (n=218). A participatory program was provided to the intervention units for 6 months. Depressive symptoms as mental health status and psychosocial work environment, assessed by the Job Content Questionnaire, the Effort‐Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, and the Quality Work Competence questionnaire, were measured before and immediately after the 6‐month intervention by a self administered questionnaire.ResultsNo significant intervention effect was observed for mental health status. However, significant intervention effects were observed in psychosocial work environment aspects, such as Coworker Support (p<0.01) and Goals (p<0.01), and borderline significance was observed for Job Control (p<0.10).ConclusionsIt is suggested that a 6‐month participatory intervention is effective in improving psychosocial work environment, but not mental health, among Japanese nurses.
Microstructural changes in grain interior and grain boundary by formation of metastable and stable phases related to age-hardening in an Au-Cu-Ag-Pd alloy
Authors: Cho Su-Yoen , Lee Gwang-Young , Jeong Ji-In , Kwon Yong Hoon , Kim Hyung-Il , Seol Hyo-Joung 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Effect of Controlled Corrosion Attack With HCl Acid on the Fatigue Endurance of Aluminum Alloy AISI 6063-T5, under Rotating Bending Fatigue Tests
Authors: Domínguez-Almaraz G. M. , Ávila-Ambriz J. L. , Peyraut F. , Cadenas-Calderón E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTCorrosion attack is implemented on the aluminum alloy AISI 6063-T5 for six different non corroded and pre-corroded specimens. Concerning pre-corroded specimens, they are divided in two groups; the first one is immersed for 1 and 2 minutes in hydrochloric acid with 20% concentration, and the second group for 2, 4, 6 minutes of immersion but in HCl with 38% of concentration. Rotating bending fatigue tests are carried out on corroded and non-corroded specimens at the frequency of 50 Hz, at room temperature and without control of environmental humidity. Loading conditions are fixed by Finite Element numerical simulation; the loading ranges are 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of the yield stress of this aluminum alloy. A numerical simulation study is carried out by means of the Ansys software to investigate the stress concentration factor variation induced by the proximity of two close pitting holes: in longitudinal and transversal direction regarding the principal applying loading. Finally, optical microscopy is used to analyze the fracture surfaces in longitudinal and transversal directions, in order to establish possible causes of fatigue fracture.
Nanostructured Ceramic Oxides Containing Ferrite Nanoparticles and Produced by Mechanical Milling.
Authors: Huerta-Ricardo A. , Tsuchiya K. , Umemoto T. , Calderon H. A. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis investigation deals with the production process and the characterization of ceramic materials consisting of magnetic particles in an insulating matrix. Composites made of magnetite particles (Fe3O4 or MgFe2O4) in a wüstite or magnesiowüstite matrix (FexO or Mg1-xFexO), respectively, have been produced by means of mechanical milling and spark plasma sintering. As-milled powders have a nanocrystalline structure in both systems. As a function of milling time, low energy milling gives rise to an increasingly higher volume fraction of wüstite in the FexO-Fe3O4 system while it promotes increasing amounts of magnesiowüstite (MgxFe1-xO). Sintering is performed from 673 to 1273 K in vacuum. Sintering at low temperatures allows retention of nanosized grains containing a fine dispersion of magnetic particles in a wüstite and magnesiowüstite matrix. Measurement of magnetic properties reflects the constitution of the sintered samples and the effect of grain size. It also allows determination of the transformation sequence both during mechanical milling and sintering
EFFECTS OF HOLDING TIME ON HAZ-SOFTENING IN RESISTANCE SPOT WELDED DP980 STEELS
Authors: Martínez-González C.J. , López-Ibarra A. , Haro-Rodriguez S. , Baltazar-Hernandez V.H. , Nayak S.S. , Zhou Y. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTResistance spot welding (RSW) of dual-phase (DP) steel subjected to various conditions of cooling rate (holding time) is studied in this work. Lap-shear tensile testing is used in order to evaluate the mechanical performance of the weldments. The microstructure is analyzed through optical and electron microscopy and the hardness is obtained through Vickers method. Results indicate an effective tempered region along the sub-critical heat affected zone in all the samples. A broken morphology accompanied with presence of small carbides within tempered martensite phase is consistently observed. Variations in the cooling rate (holding time) indicate minimal effect on the degree of softening and on the mechanical performance of the welds.
Effect of cooling rate on the formation and distribution of carbides in nodular iron alloyed with Cr
Authors: Zenil Ramses , García Jose A. , Ruiz Gerardo A. , Basso Alejandro D. , Sicora Jorge. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis investigation deals with the effect of cooling rate on the formation of carbide nodular iron alloyed with 2.2 % Cr and equivalent carbon near 4.3%. In the experimental stage three Y-blocks of 1.5, 3 and 5.5 cm in thickness are poured in green sand molds. Castings are sectioned in two positions (wall and center samples) in order to determine the characteristics of the precipitated carbides (fraction, distribution and relative size) from surface to center and from the bottom to the top of the castings applying quantitative analysis of images. The obtained results show the presence of carbides in all of the castings. Finer carbides are obtained in the thinnest casting but with a high variation between the samples located in the wall and center. All castings present massive carbides in the last freezing zone (LFZ). Therefore the cooling rate associated with casting thick has an important effect on the fraction and distribution of carbides.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Tivozanib (AV-951) and Everolimus (RAD001) for Patients With Refractory, Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wolpin Brian M. , Ng Kimmie , Zhu Andrew X. , Abrams Thomas , Enzinger Peter C. , McCleary Nadine J. , Schrag Deborah , Kwak Eunice L. , Allen Jill N. , Bhargava Pankaj , Chan Jennifer A. , Goessling Wolfram , Blaszkowsky Lawrence S. , Supko Jeffrey G. , Elliot Meaghan , Sato Kaori , Regan Eileen , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background.
Treatments that target the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway have efficacy in colorectal cancer. We evaluated tolerability and efficacy of tivozanib (an oral VEGF receptor-1, -2, -3 inhibitor) plus everolimus (an oral mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor).

Methods.
The phase Ib study followed a 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with three dose levels. The primary objective in the follow-on phase II study was improvement in 2-month progression-free survival (PFS) from 30% (historical benchmark) to 50% in patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer.

Results.
Dose-limiting toxicities in the phase Ib study were grade 3 fatigue and dehydration. Oral tivozanib (1 mg daily for 3 of 4 weeks) and oral everolimus (10 mg daily continuously) were advanced to a 40-patient phase II study. The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were thrombocytopenia and hypophosphatemia. The 2-month PFS rate was 50%, with 20 of 40 patients having stable disease (SD). Seven (18%) patients were treated for ≥6 months. Median PFS and overall survival (OS) times were 3.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9–3.6 months) and 5.6 months (95% CI: 4.4–10.6 months), respectively. Patients who developed grade 1+ hypertension had increased SD rates (65.2% vs. 29.4%) and longer OS times (10.6 vs. 3.7 months).

Conclusions.
The oral combination of tivozanib and everolimus was well tolerated, with stable disease achieved in 50% of patients with refractory, metastatic colorectal cancer.
Auditor Governance, Institutions and Analyst Forecast Properties: International Evidence
Authors: Verriest Arnt J. M. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper investigates how political and legal institutions affect the governance role of auditors for a sample of firms originating in 42 countries. Prior studies focus on investor protection, but I focus on political rights as well. Specifically, I investigate how institutions and audit quality affect financial statement users' decision-making by considering properties of analysts' earnings forecasts. The evidence shows that forecast accuracy is lower and forecast dispersion higher for firms operating in countries with fewer political rights. Of particular interest is the finding that the association between Big 4 audits and earnings forecast properties is stronger in weak political environments. This finding suggests that auditors play an important—and up to now undocumented—governance role when political rights are low and political forces influential. My results also indicate that reporting reliability increases as investor protection becomes stronger. However, this result only holds for Big 4 clients, consistent with the notion that audits play a greater governance role in stronger legal environments.