bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salamanders breeding in subterranean habitats: local adaptations or behavioural plasticity?
Authors: Manenti R. , Ficetola G. F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe exploitation of novel habitats requires the expression of specific behaviours. This may occur through both behavioural plasticity and local adaptations, but assessing the relative role of these processes is challenging. Animals colonizing underground environments are exposed to strong selective pressure: epigeous species using caves during one or more phases of their life cycles can help to understand mechanisms allowing cave exploitation. The fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) may breed both in cave springs and in epigeous streams. We compared predation performance of larvae from cave and stream populations, and assessed whether local adaptations or behavioural plasticity (or both) improve predation in underground environments. We performed a behavioural experiment about prey detection and capture. We collected larvae from both caves and streams, and reared them under contrasting conditions: underground and outdoor. In the darkness, we tested two measures of predation performance of larvae: time of head turning towards the prey and frequency of prey capturing. We used an information‐theoretic approach to assess the relative support of potential mechanisms (adaptations vs. plasticity). Both cave and stream larvae were able to detect and capture prey in the darkness. Larvae born in caves captured prey with higher success than those from streams. Acclimatization to underground conditions did not improve predation performance, suggesting that plasticity plays a minor role. This study indicates that the exploitation of underground environments leads to behavioural local adaptations, allowing an improved predation performance in environments where prey are both scarce and difficult to detect.
Everolimus‐Eluting Stents Versus Sirolimus‐ or Paclitaxel‐Eluting Stents: Two‐Year Results from the Guthrie Health Off‐Label Stent (GHOST) Registry
Authors: HARJAI KISHORE J. , KONDAREDDY SREEKANTH , PINKOSKY BRIAN , HARJAI NEIL , ORSHAW PAM , BOURA JUDY 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to compare the safety and effectiveness of everolimus‐eluting stents (EES) versus first generation drug‐eluting stents (FG‐DES; sirolimus‐eluting stent [SES] or paclitaxel‐eluting stent [PES]).MethodsIn 2,126 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we compared the 2‐year incidence of stent thrombosis (ST) and target vessel revascularization (TVR) between the EES versus FG‐DES groups. Secondary end‐points included all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), death or MI, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including death, MI, ST, or TVR). Further, we evaluated these end‐points in 2 propensity‐matched subgroups: EES versus SES; EES versus PES.ResultsComplete 2‐year follow‐up was available in 1,911 (90%) patients. Compared to FG‐DES, implantation of EES was associated with trends towards lower ST (0.9% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.068) and TVR (3.8% vs. 7.2%, P = 0.052), which persisted after adjustment for baseline differences (for ST, adjusted hazard ratio, HR 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.10–1.02, P = 0.053; for TVR, HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.22–0.75, P = 0.004). Compared to SES, EES implantation was associated with lower TVR and a trend towards lower ST. Compared to PES, EES implantation was associated with less ST and TVR and trends towards lower death/MI and MACE. In the EES group, no ST was seen after the first 3 months.ConclusionsThe use of EES compared to FG‐DES appears to be associated with reductions in ST and TVR at 2‐year follow‐up. Improved outcomes with EES are observed in comparison with SES as well as PES. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:153–162)
Procedural Effectiveness of a Novel 1.20 mm Diameter Angioplasty Catheter: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes
Authors: KANDZARI DAVID E. , TEIRSTEIN PAUL S. , KEREIAKES DEAN J. , CANNON LOUIS A. , HEARNE STEVEN E. , KUO HAI‐CHIEN , YING SHIH‐WA , CHEONG WAI‐FUNG , POPMA JEFFREY J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate clinical and angiographic outcomes using a 1.20 mm diameter angioplasty catheter as part of a predilation strategy for coronary lesion treatment.BackgroundDevelopment of an angioplasty catheter with low crossing profile and small balloon diameter represents an opportunity to facilitate percutaneous revascularization of complex coronary disease.MethodsClinical and angiographic outcomes were evaluated following a predilation treatment strategy using a low profile, 1.20 mm angioplasty catheter. The primary end‐point of procedural success was defined as successful device delivery, performance and lesion treatment without occurrence of perforation, flow‐limiting dissection, reduction in baseline TIMI grade, or clinically significant arrhythmias, and with final achievement of TIMI 3 flow. In‐hospital major adverse events were also determined.ResultsAmong 71 patients (83 lesions), angiographic characteristics included: de novo lesion, 75.9%; saphenous vein graft 9.6%; lesion length (mean ± standard deviation), 12.27 ± 5.96 mm; reference vessel diameter, 2.61 ± 0.57 mm; lesion classification B2/C, 59.0%; baseline TIMI 0/1 flow, 4.8%. Procedural success was achieved for 98.5% (66/67) of patients. Catheter delivery to the target lesion was achieved in all patients, and the rate of device success with luminal improvement after predilation was 96.2% (75/78). No acute procedural complications were observed, and in‐hospital target lesion failure occurred in 6 patients (8.5%) related to peri‐procedural non‐Q wave myocardial infarction.ConclusionsCoronary lesion predilation with a low profile, 1.20 mm angioplasty catheter is associated with favorable procedural safety and efficacy and may represent an effective treatment for complex coronary anatomy. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:131–136)
Modeling Rehydration/Rehydroxylation Mass‐Gain Curves from Davenport Ceramics
Authors: Bowen Patrick K. , Drelich Jaroslaw , Scarlett Timothy J. 
Published: January 2013

Rehydroxylation ceramic dating, a new technique that has shown promise as an archeometric breakthrough, was applied to XIX‐century samples of Davenport ceramics from Parowan, Utah in the United States. The samples were dried at 500°C to remove both physically and chemically bonded water and then exposed to a 20% relative humidity air to record the progression of rehydration/rehydroxylation over a period of 40 d. Both time1/4 and time1/n analyses were applied to the experimental mass gain versus time results in an attempt to find the most appropriate treatment for the data. The time1/4 analysis yielded poor reproducibility and nonideal fitting results to the Stage II mass gain, in which water reacts with meta‐clays. Application of the time1/n model, where “n” is the rehydroxylation exponent, improved the apparent linearity of Stage II mass gain in small samples. However, the time1/n treatment still provided a poor fit to data from larger specimens, indicating that some secondary effects related to sample size and water transport may exist. To examine the effects of porosity and macrostructure on rehydration/rehydroxylation processes, a pulverized sample of the same material was analyzed, resulting in improved sample‐to‐sample agreement in time1/n irrespective of mass variations. These findings have implications on the application of rehydroxylation ceramic dating.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in the Translation of Genomics Into Health Care
Authors: Badzek Laurie , Henaghan Mark , Turner Martha , Monsen Rita 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose: The rapid continuous feed of new information from scientific discoveries related to the human genome makes translation and incorporation of information into the clinical setting difficult and creates ethical, legal, and social challenges for providers. This article overviews some of the legal and ethical foundations that guide our response to current complex issues in health care associated with the impact of scientific discoveries related to the human genome.Organizing Construct: Overlapping ethical, legal, and social implications impact nurses and other healthcare professionals as they seek to identify and translate into practice important information related to new genomic scientific knowledge.Methods: Ethical and legal foundations such as professional codes, human dignity, and human rights provide the framework for understanding highly complex genomic issues. Ethical, legal, and social concerns of the health provider in the translation of genomic knowledge into practice including minimizing harms, maximizing benefits, transparency, confidentiality, and informed consent are described. Additionally, nursing professional competencies related to ethical, legal, and social issues in the translation of genomics into health care are discussed.Conclusions: Ethical, legal, and social considerations in new genomic discovery necessitate that healthcare professionals have knowledge and competence to respond to complex genomic issues and provide appropriate information and care to patients, families, and communities.Clinical Relevance: Understanding the ethical, legal, and social issues in the translation of genomic information into practice is essential to provide patients, families, and communities with competent, safe, effective health care.
Long‐term tooth loss in periodontally compromised but treated patients according to the type of prosthodontic treatment. A retrospective study
Authors: Müller S. , Eickholz P. , Reitmeir P. , Eger T. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIf prosthodontic treatment is considered after periodontal therapy, the questions arise i) does prosthodontic treatment affect the treatment outcome of the dentition in general and ii) which type of prosthesis is related to best treatment outcome of abutment teeth? Our goal was to compare long‐term tooth loss after comprehensive periodontal therapy in patients with or without prosthodontic treatment. Ninety patients' charts with a total of 1937 teeth who had received comprehensive periodontal treatment 5–17 years ago by the same periodontist were retrospectively evaluated. Sixty‐five patients received fixed dental prostheses (FDP; n = 29) and/or removable partial dentures anchored with clips (RPDC; n = 25) or double crowns (RPDD; n = 25). Twenty‐five patients were also periodontally compromised but treated without prosthodontic treatment and served as a control group. A total of 317 teeth and 70 abutment teeth were lost during 9·7 ± 4·1 years of observation. Thereof, 273 teeth and 48 abutment teeth were lost due to periodontal reasons. Mean tooth loss amounted to 1·2 ± 1·5 (controls) and 4·4 ± 3·4 (partial dentures). Abutment tooth loss was 0·4 ± 1·1 (FDP), 1·0 ± 1·2 (RPDC) and 1·3 ± 1·0 (RPDD). Poisson regressions identified prosthodontic treatment, age, socio‐economic status, diabetes mellitus, mean initial bone loss and aggressive periodontitis as factors significantly contributing to tooth loss. Age, diabetes and non‐compliance contributed to abutment tooth loss. Not considering biomechanical factors, patients with prosthodontic reconstructions under long‐term supportive periodontal therapy were at higher risk for further tooth loss than patients without prostheses. Not only the type of partial denture but also the patient‐related risk factors were associated with abutment tooth loss.
Influence of resveratrol on oxidative stress resistance and life span in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chen Wei , Rezaizadehnajafi Leila , Wink Michael 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol from red wine, has been reported to be beneficial in cases of ageing-related cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases owing to its property to reduce oxidative stress. Previous studies on the longevity promoting effect of resveratrol have been partly inconclusive, therefore we set out to investigate whether resveratrol at least promoted longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans under acute oxidative stress conditions.

Methods
C. elegans was cultured under standard conditions with or without resveratrol. After exposure to juglone-induced acute oxidative stress, the survival rate and hsp-16.2::GFP expression were measured. The influence of resveratrol on life span was recorded also under oxidative stress induced by high glucose concentrations in the growth medium.

Key findings
No extension of the normal life span of C. elegans was observed either in liquid or solid growth media containing different concentrations of resveratrol. However, resveratrol alleviated juglone-induced lethal oxidative stress, and significantly prolonged the life span of C. elegans under conditions of acute oxidative damage and oxidative stress caused by high concentrations of glucose.

Conclusions
Resveratrol, as an antioxidant, ameliorated oxidative stress in vivo but did not extend the life span of C. elegans under normal conditions. However, resveratrol did extend life span under conditions of oxidative stress.
Neurological and intellectual disabilities among adolescents within a custodial institution in South‐West Nigeria
Authors: Atilola O. , Omigbodun O. , Bella‐Awusah T. , Lagunju I. , Igbeneghu P. 
Published: January 2013

Accessible summary
The findings from this study reveal a significantly higher prevalence of neurological and intellectual disabilities as well as epilepsy among adolescents residing in a social welfare/juvenile justice institution in Nigeria compared with a cohort of school going adolescents. Epilepsy and neurological deficits was particularly prevalent among adolescents admitted into the institution as victims of neglect compared with those brought in as offenders.
Stigmatization of and social prejudices against children with neuro‐psychiatric disabilities and epilepsy as well as lack of support for their caregivers in Nigeria was speculated as the key factor promoting neglect of such children. The speculation was based on the findings from this study and extant literature. Consequently, efforts should be geared towards disengaging childhood epilepsy and neuro‐psychiatric disabilities from myth and prejudices and to provide needed support for caregivers of children with such conditions. Meanwhile curative and restorative neuro‐psychiatric services should be part of the service package for children within social welfare/juvenile justice institutions in Nigeria.
AbstractA total of 67 adolescents from a juvenile remand home were matched with 67 other adolescents by age and gender, with a view to determine the prevalence and spectrum of neurological and intellectual disabilities. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was estimated using an adapted version of the Slosson's Intelligence Test and a full neurological evaluation was carried out. The mean IQ score for the remand home participants was significantly lower than the controls (77 ± 11 vs. 99 ± 14; t = 1.6, P = 0.001). Almost half (46.7%) of the participants in the remand home had intellectual disability of varying degrees, including borderline intellectual functioning, compared with only two (3.3%) of the comparison group (P < 0.001). Epilepsy and neurological deficits were significantly more prevalent among the remand home group, particularly those admitted as victims of neglect, compared with the comparison group (P ≤ 0.02). These findings and recent literature were used to speculate the possible underlying factors. Policy implications for child social welfare in Nigeria were suggested.
Masitinib reverses doxorubicin resistance in canine lymphoid cells by inhibiting the function of P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Zandvliet M. , Teske E. , Chapuis T. , Fink‐Gremmels J. , Schrickx J. A. 
Published: January 2013

Overexpression of ABC‐transporters including Pgp, MRP1, and BCRP has been associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in both human and canine oncology. Therapeutic interventions to reverse MDR are limited, but include multidrug protocols and the temporary concomitant use of inhibitors of ABC‐transporters. Recently, the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been proposed to overcome MDR in human oncology. One of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, masitinib, is licensed for veterinary use in the treatment of canine mast cell tumors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential of masitinib to revert MDR in canine malignant lymphoma using an in vitro model with canine lymphoid cell lines. Masitinib had a mild antiproliferative effect on lymphoid cells, inhibited Pgp function at concentrations equal to or exceeding 1 μm and was able to reverse doxorubicin resistance. The current findings provide the rationale for a combined use of masitinib with doxorubicin in the treatment of dogs with doxorubicin‐resistant malignant lymphoma but await confirmation in clinical trials.
Effects of Hypo‐ and Hyperthyroidism on Proliferation, Angiogenesis, Apoptosis and Expression of COX‐2 in the Corpus Luteum of Female Rats
Authors: Silva JF , Ocarino NM , Vieira ALS , Nascimento EF , Serakides R 
Published: January 2013

ContentsAlthough thyroid dysfunction occurs frequently in humans and some animal species, the mechanisms by which hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism affect the corpus luteum have not been thoroughly elucidated. This study evaluated the levels of proliferative activity, angiogenesis, apoptosis and expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 in the corpus luteum of female rats with thyroid dysfunction. These processes may be important in understanding the reproductive changes caused by thyroid dysfunction. A total of 18 adult female rats were divided into three groups (control, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid) with six animals per group. Three months after treatment to induce thyroid dysfunction, the rats were euthanized in the dioestrus phase. The ovaries were collected and immunohistochemically analysed for expression of the cell proliferation marker CDC‐47, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor Flk‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. Hypothyroidism reduced the intensity and area of COX‐2 expression in the corpus luteum (p < 0.05), while hyperthyroidism did not alter COX‐2 expression in the dioestrus phase. Hypothyroidism significantly reduced the expression of CDC‐47 in endothelial cells and pericytes in the corpus luteum, whereas hyperthyroidism did not induce a detectable change in CDC‐47 expression (p > 0.05). Hypothyroidism reduced the level of apoptosis in luteal cells (p < 0.05) and increased VEGF expression in the corpus luteum. In contrast, hyperthyroidism increased the level of apoptosis in the corpus luteum (p < 0.05). In conclusion, thyroid dysfunction differentially affects the levels of proliferative activity, angiogenesis and apoptosis and COX‐2 expression in the corpus luteum of female rats.
IgG4 Detection of Echinococcus granulosus Paramyosin Is a Useful Diagnostic Test for Human Hydatidosis
Authors: Moghadam Zohreh Kazemi , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Khalilpour Akbar , Abdul Aziz Farhanah , Saadatnia Geita , Noordin Rahmah 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTHydatidosis is a public health problem in many parts of the world, and improvement in diagnosis of the disease is still being pursued. Protoscoleces ofEchinococcus granulosuswere isolated from hydatid cysts collected from naturally infected sheep slaughtered in abattoirs in Iran. Sonicated extract of protoscolex was subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. Primary antibodies were from serum samples from 130 hydatidosis patients, 38 individuals infected with other parasitic infections, and 30 healthy people, whereas peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-human IgG and IgG4 were used as secondary antibodies. The recombinant form of the identified protein was produced and tested for its sensitivity and specificity for the detection of human hydatidosis. An antigenic band of ∼60 kDa was found to be sensitive (82%) and specific (100%) for the detection of hydatidosis when probed with anti-human IgG4-HRP, while the sensitivity and specificity were 33 and 100%, respectively, with anti-human IgG-HRP. By mass spectrometry, the band was identified as protoscolex tegument paramyosin. The sensitivity and specificity of full-length paramyosin-recombinant protein in IgG4 blots were found to be 86 and 98%, respectively. In conclusion, IgG4 detection ofEchinococcus granulosusparamyosin was found to be useful for the diagnosis of human hydatidosis.
Testing for Antireticulin Antibodies in Patients with Celiac Disease Is Obsolete: a Review of Recommendations for Serologic Screening and the Literature
Authors: Nandiwada Sarada L. , Tebo Anne E. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals of all ages and is triggered by immune response to gluten and related proteins. The disease is characterized by the presence of HLA-DQ2 and/or -DQ8 haplotypes, diverse clinical manifestations, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and production of several autoantibodies of which endomysial, tissue transglutaminase, and deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies are considered specific. Although antireticulin antibodies (ARA) have historically been used in the evaluation of CD, these assays lack optimal sensitivities and specificities for routine diagnostic use. This minireview highlights the advances in CD-specific serologic testing and the rationale for eliminating ARA from CD evaluation consistent with recommendations for diagnosis.
A Single Electroporation Delivery of a DNA Vaccine Containing the Hemagglutinin Gene of Asian H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Generated a Protective Antibody Response in Chickens against a North American Virus Strain
Authors: Ogunremi Oladele , Pasick John , Kobinger Gary P. , Hannaman Drew , Berhane Yohannes , Clavijo Alfonso , van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk Sylvia 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Protection against the avian influenza (AI) H5N1 virus is suspected to be mainly conferred by the presence of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the virus. A single electroporation delivery of 100 or 250 μg of a DNA vaccine construct, pCAG-HA, carrying the HA gene of strain A/Hanoi/30408/2005 (H5N1), in chickens led to the development of anti-HA antibody response in 16 of 17 immunized birds, as measured by a hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), and an indirect ELISA. Birds vaccinated by electroporation (
n
= 11) were protected from experimental AI challenge with strain A/chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/1/1983 (H5N2) as judged by low viral load, absence of clinical symptoms, and absence of mortality (
n
= 11). In contrast, only two out of 10 birds vaccinated with the same vaccine dose (100 or 250 μg) but without electroporation developed antibodies. These birds showed high viral loads and significant morbidity and mortality after the challenge. Seroconversion was reduced in birds electroporated with a low vaccine dose (10 μg), but the antibody-positive birds were protected against virus challenge. Nonelectroporation delivery of a low-dose vaccine did not result in seroconversion, and the birds were as susceptible as those in the control groups that received the control pCAG vector. Electroporation delivery of the DNA vaccine led to enhanced antibody responses and to protection against the AI virus challenge. The HI test, cELISA, or indirect ELISA for anti-H5 antibodies might serve as a good predictor of the potency and efficacy of a DNA immunization strategy against AI in chickens.