bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-cost method to reduce interlayer voids in material extrusion: in situ layer-by-layer solvent treatment
Authors: Iqbal Muhammed Saqlain , Stano Gianni , Triminì Valentina , Percoco Gianluca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaterial extrusion (MEX) is worldwide known as one of the most flexible additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for the fabrication of complex polymeric structures. However, the extremely high geometrical freedom has a price to pay: the presence of interlayer voids between consecutive extruded layers is the main backwards of MEX technology. Interlayer voids make 3D printed parts weaker (poor mechanical properties) compared to polymeric components fabricated by means of counterpart processes (i.e., injection molding). The present research work introduces a novel approach for the reduction of voids based on the layer-by-layer application of solvent vapor during the fabrication process, to smooth every single deposited layer. In this way, the new extruded layer has a greater area to bond with the previously extruded layer, resulting in an overall reduction of the porosity. The proposed approach is cost-effective, and it is based on the stop and go method enabled by MEX technologies: the fabrication process is paused after every layer, and when the solvent treatment is performed, the 3D printing process is resumed. The effectiveness of the layer-by-layer solvent vapor approach was evaluated, thereby resulting in a great reduction of the void density and average void area of 96%, and 79% respectively, and an increase of the wetting factor of 34%. Such findings pave the way for the exploitation of the proposed approach for the fabrication of complex structures with a reduced number of voids to be employed as structural components.
This must be the place: local amenities and superstars’ wages
Authors: Filomena Mattia , Principe Francesco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We investigate the role of local amenities in shaping compensating wage differentials in labor market populated by high-skilled workers. Using 10 years of longitudinal data on workers productivity along with information on firms and location amenities, we evaluate whether workers are willing to pay to join a better firm and if firms with undesirable attributes must provide higher wages to attract workers. By accounting for unobserved workers heterogeneity, we show that superstars receive positive wage differentials for lower location amenities as well as riskier employments.
Intellectual property rights protection and the dynamic gains from trade
Authors: Migueles Chazarreta Damián , Stepanok Ignat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a dynamic general equilibrium model with two structurally identical open economies. Trade liberalization promotes innovation and growth when intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is sufficiently weak. Trade on the other hand does not affect innovation and growth when IPR protection is strong. We show that this result holds for both horizontal and vertical endogenous growth models, which have so far had contradictory predictions on how trade affects innovation. The reason for this supposed contradiction are implicit IPR protection assumptions in the two different types of growth models, strong protection in the horizontal model and weak protection in the vertical model. The IPR protection assumption makes a big difference for the size of the gains from trade. In a simple numerical example we show that assuming weak IPR protection can imply more than five times higher overall gains from trade. We also build a North–South model and add another aspect of IPR protection influencing the duration of Northern patents, namely imitation in the South. In the asymmetric model with a competitive fringe in the South, IPR protection no longer plays a crucial role for the dynamic gains from trade.
In vitro screening of understudied PFAS with a focus on lipid metabolism disruption
Authors: Kashobwe Lackson , Sadrabadi Faezeh , Braeuning Albert , Leonards Pim E. G. , Buhrke Thorsten , Hamers Timo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made chemicals used in many industrial applications. Exposure to PFAS is associated with several health risks, including a decrease in infant birth weight, hepatoxicity, disruption of lipid metabolism, and decreased immune response. We used the in vitro cell models to screen six less studied PFAS [perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoropropionic acid (PFPrA), 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH), 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), and 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FTSA)] for their capacity to activate nuclear receptors and to cause differential expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism. Cytotoxicity assays were run in parallel to exclude that observed differential gene expression was due to cytotoxicity. Based on the cytotoxicity assays and gene expression studies, PFOSA was shown to be more potent than other tested PFAS. PFOSA decreased the gene expression of crucial genes involved in bile acid synthesis and detoxification, cholesterol synthesis, bile acid and cholesterol transport, and lipid metabolism regulation. Except for 6:2 FTOH and 8:2 FTSA, all tested PFAS downregulated PPARA gene expression. The reporter gene assay also showed that 8:2 FTSA transactivated the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Based on this study, PFOSA, 6:2 FTSA, and 8:2 FTSA were prioritized for further studies to confirm and understand their possible effects on hepatic lipid metabolism.
Does a postmortem redistribution affect the concentrations of the 7 azaindole-derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA in tissues and body fluids following pulmonary administration to pigs?
Authors: Doerr Adrian A. , Nordmeier Frederike , Walle Nadja , Laschke Matthias W. , Menger Michael D. , Meyer Markus R. , Schmidt Peter H. , Schaefer Nadine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany fatal intoxications have been reported in connection with the consumption of newer, highly potent synthetic cannabinoids. Yet, a possible postmortem redistribution (PMR) might complicate reliable interpretation of analytical results. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the PMR-potential of new synthetic cannabinoids. The pig model has already proven to be suitable for this purpose. Hence, the aim of this study was to study the PMR of the synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite 5F-MDMB-P7AICA-dimethylbutanoic acid (DBA). 5F-MDMB-P7AICA (200 µg/kg body weight) was administered by inhalation to anesthetized and ventilated pigs. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and stored at room temperature for 3 days. Tissue and body fluid samples were taken daily. Specimens were analyzed after solid phase extraction using a standard addition method and LC–MS/MS, blood was quantified after protein precipitation using a validated method. In perimortem samples, 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was found mainly in adipose tissue, bile fluid, and duodenum contents. Small amounts of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA were found in blood, muscle, brain, liver, and lung. High concentrations of DBA were found primarily in bile fluid, duodenum contents, urine, and kidney/perirenal fat tissue. In the remaining tissues, rather low amounts could be found. In comparison to older synthetic cannabinoids, PMR of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA was less pronounced. Concentrations in blood also appear to remain relatively stable at a low level postmortem. Muscle, kidney, fat, and duodenum content are suitable alternative matrices for the detection of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and DBA, if blood specimens are not available. In conclusion, concentrations of 5F-MDMB-P7AICA and its main metabolite DBA are not relevantly affected by PMR.
The influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance varies by spatiotemporal scale
Authors: Jagorska Cindy , Riemer Martin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe influence of travel time on perceived traveled distance has often been studied, but the results are inconsistent regarding the relationship between the two magnitudes. We argue that this is due to differences in the lengths of investigated travel distances and hypothesize that the influence of travel time differs for rather short compared to rather long traveled distances. We tested this hypothesis in a virtual environment presented on a desktop as well as through a head-mounted display. Our results show that, for longer distances, more travel time leads to longer perceived distance, while we do not find an influence of travel time on shorter distances. The presentation through an HMD vs. desktop only influenced distance judgments in the short distance condition. These results are in line with the idea that the influence of travel time varies by the length of the traveled distance, and provide insights on the question of how distance perception in path integration studies is affected by travel time, thereby resolving inconsistencies reported in previous studies.
Sources and control of impurity during one-pot enzymatic production of dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Dai Jiawei , Wu Zheyi , Liu Zebin , Li Chen , Zhu Linjiang , Chen Hanchi , Chen Xiaolong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has a promising market due to its capacity to regulate human hormone levels as well as preventing and treating various diseases. We have established a chemical esterification coupled biocatalytic-based scheme by lipase-catalyzed 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) hydrolysis to obtain the intermediate product 5-androstene-3,17-dione (5-AD), which was then asymmetrically reduced by a ketoreductase from Sphingomonas wittichii (SwiKR). Co-enzyme required for KR is regenerated by a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus subtilis. This scheme is more environmentally friendly and more efficient than the current DHEA synthesis pathway. However, a significant amount of 4-AD as by-product was detected during the catalytic process. Focused on the control of by-products, we investigated the source of 4-AD and identified that it is mainly derived from the isomerization activity of SwiKR and GDH. Increasing the proportion of glucose in the catalytic system as well as optimizing the catalytic conditions drastically reduced 4-AD from 24.7 to 6.5% of total substrate amount, and the final yield of DHEA achieved 40.1 g/L. Furthermore, this is the first time that both SwiKR and GDH have been proved to be promiscuous enzymes with dehydrogenase and ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) activities, expanding knowledge of the substrate diversity of the short-chain dehydrogenase family enzymes.

Key points
• A strategy of coupling lipase, ketoreductase, and glucose dehydrogenase in producing DHEA from 4-AD
• Both SwiKR and GDH are identified with ketosteroid isomerase activity.
• Development of catalytic strategy to control by-product and achieve highly selective DHEA production

Graphical abstract
Catabolism of 2-keto-3-deoxy-galactonate and the production of its enantiomers
Authors: Yun Eun Ju , Lee Sun-Hee , Kim Subin , Ryu Hae Seul , Kim Kyoung Heon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
2-Keto-3-deoxy-galactonate (KDGal) serves as a pivotal metabolic intermediate within both the fungal d-galacturonate pathway, which is integral to pectin catabolism, and the bacterial DeLey-Doudoroff pathway for d-galactose catabolism. The presence of KDGal enantiomers, l-KDGal and d-KDGal, varies across these pathways. Fungal pathways generate l-KDGal through the reduction and dehydration of d-galacturonate, whereas bacterial pathways produce d-KDGal through the oxidation and dehydration of d-galactose. Two distinct catabolic routes further metabolize KDGal: a nonphosphorolytic pathway that employs aldolase and a phosphorolytic pathway involving kinase and aldolase. Recent findings have revealed that l-KDGal, identified in the bacterial catabolism of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose, a major component of red seaweeds, is also catabolized by Escherichia coli, which is traditionally known to be catabolized by specific fungal species, such as Trichoderma reesei. Furthermore, the potential industrial applications of KDGal and its derivatives, such as pyruvate and d- and l-glyceraldehyde, are underscored by their significant biological functions. This review comprehensively outlines the catabolism of l-KDGal and d-KDGal across different biological systems, highlights stereospecific methods for discriminating between enantiomers, and explores industrial application prospects for producing KDGal enantiomers.

Key points
• KDGal is a metabolic intermediate in fungal and bacterial pathways
• Stereospecific enzymes can be used to identify the enantiomeric nature of KDGal
• KDGal can be used to induce pectin catabolism or produce functional materials
Differences in the risk of immune-related pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors: a meta-analysis according to the new mirror-principle and PRISMA guidelines
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yin Zongxiu , Zhang Chi , Li Zhuoqi , Wang Yuanyuan , Zhang Kai , Chen Feng , Dang Qi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To compare the risk of immune-associated pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, the meta-analysis was designed.

Method
The difference in risk of immune-associated pneumonitis between PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors was assessed by two different meta-analysis methods, the Mirror-pairing and the PRISMA guidelines.

Results
A total of eighty-eight reports were used for meta-analysis, while thirty-two studies were used for the Mirror-pairing. Both PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors (used alone or combined with chemotherapy) increased the risk of developing immune-related pneumonitis (P < 0.00001; P < 0.00001). Based on indirect analyses results (subgroup analyses), the risk of PD-L1-induced pneumonitis was weaker than that of PD-1 inhibitors when the control group was chemotherapy (OR = 3.33 vs. 5.43) or placebo (OR = 2.53 vs. 3.19), while no obvious significant differences were found (P = 0.17; P = 0.53). For the Mirror-pairing-based meta-analysis, the risk of PD-1-induced pneumonitis was significantly higher than that of PD-L1 inhibitors (OR = 1.46, 95%CI [1.08, 1.98], I2 = 0%, Z = 2.47 (P = 0.01)). However, this difference was not significant, when they were combined with chemotherapy (OR = 1.05, 95%CI [0.68, 1.60], I2 = 38%, Z = 0.21 (P = 0.84)).

Conclusion
Both PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors increased the risk of immune-related pneumonitis, while the risk of PD-1-induced pneumonitis was significantly higher than that of PD-L1 inhibitors.
The significance of lipid metabolism reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Xie Qingjian , Zeng Yuan , Zhang Xiangting , Yu Fujun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the intricate landscape of the tumor microenvironment, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) emerge as a ubiquitous cellular component that profoundly affects the oncogenic process. The microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a pronounced infiltration of TAMs, underscoring their pivotal role in modulating the trajectory of the disease. Amidst the evolving therapeutic paradigms for HCC, the strategic reprogramming of metabolic pathways presents a promising avenue for intervention, garnering escalating interest within the scientific community. Previous investigations have predominantly focused on elucidating the mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells without paying sufficient attention to understanding how TAM metabolic reprogramming, particularly lipid metabolism, affects the progression of HCC. In this review article, we intend to elucidate how TAMs exert their regulatory effects via diverse pathways such as E2F1-E2F2-CPT2, LKB1-AMPK, and mTORC1-SREBP, and discuss correlations of TAMs with these processes and the characteristics of relevant pathways in HCC progression by consolidating various studies on TAM lipid uptake, storage, synthesis, and catabolism. It is our hope that our summary could delineate the impact of specific mechanisms underlying TAM lipid metabolic reprogramming on HCC progression and provide useful information for future research on HCC and the development of new treatment strategies.
TRP-2 / gp100 DNA vaccine and PD-1 checkpoint blockade combination for the treatment of intracranial tumors
Authors: Pearson Joshua R. D. , Puig-Saenz Carles , Thomas Jubini E. , Hardowar Lydia D. , Ahmad Murrium , Wainwright Louise C. , McVicar Adam M. , Brentville Victoria A. , Tinsley Chris J. , Pockley A. Graham , Durrant Lindy G. , McArdle Stephanie E. B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntracranial tumors present a significant therapeutic challenge due to their physiological location. Immunotherapy presents an attractive method for targeting these intracranial tumors due to relatively low toxicity and tumor specificity. Here we show that SCIB1, a TRP-2 and gp100 directed ImmunoBody® DNA vaccine, generates a strong TRP-2 specific immune response, as demonstrated by the high number of TRP2-specific IFNγ spots produced and the detection of a significant number of pentamer positive T cells in the spleen of vaccinated mice. Furthermore, vaccine-induced T cells were able to recognize and kill B16HHDII/DR1 cells after a short in vitro culture. Having found that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) expresses significant levels of PD-L1 and IDO1, with PD-L1 correlating with poorer survival in patients with the mesenchymal subtype of GBM, we decided to combine SCIB1 ImmunoBody® with PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade to treat mice harboring intracranial tumors expressing TRP-2 and gp100. Time-to-death was significantly prolonged, and this correlated with increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tissue microenvironment (TME). However, in addition to PD-L1 and IDO, the GBM TME was found to contain a significant number of immunoregulatory T (Treg) cell-associated transcripts, and the presence of such cells is likely to significantly affect clinical outcome unless also tackled.
Safety and Performance of a Cell-Impermeable Endoprosthesis for Hemodialysis Vascular Access Outflow Stenosis: A Brazilian Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Harduin Leonardo de Oliveira , Barroso Thiago Almeida , Guerra Julia Bandeira , Filippo Márcio Gomes , de Almeida Leonardo Cortizo , Vieira Brunno Ribeiro , Mello Renata Silveira , Galhardo Adriano Martins , Strogoff-de-Matos Jorge Paulo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the safety and performance of Wrapsody™, a cell-impermeable endoprosthesis (CIE), for treating hemodialysis vascular access outflow stenosis.

Materials and Methods
Investigators retrospectively analyzed 113 hemodialysis patients treated with a CIE (11/2021–12/2022) across four centers in Brazil. De novo or restenotic lesions were treated. The primary efficacy outcome measure was target lesion primary patency (TLPP) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; the primary safety outcome measure was the absence of serious local or systemic adverse events within the first 30 days post-procedure. Secondary outcome measures included technical and procedural success, access circuit primary patency (ACPP), and secondary patency at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-procedure.

Results
Thirty-nine patients (34.5%) had thrombosed access at the initial presentation, and 38 patients (33.6%) presented with recurrent stenosis. TLPP rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 100%, 96.4%, 86.4%, and 69.7%, respectively. ACPP rates were 100% at 1 month, 89.2% at 3 months, 70.9% at 6 months, and 56.0% at 12 months. The target lesion secondary patency rates at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were 100%, 97.3%, 93.6%, and 91.7%, respectively. In the adjusted multivariate Cox regression analysis, male sex and endoprosthesis with diameters of 10, 12, 14, and 16 mm were associated with improved primary patency rates. No localized or systemic serious adverse event was observed through the first 30 days post-procedure.

Conclusion
The CIE evaluated in this study is safe and effective for treating peripheral and central outflow stenoses in hemodialysis vascular access.

Level of Evidence
Level 2b, cohort study.

Graphical Abstract
Symbiont community dynamics in the turbid reef specialist, Turbinaria reniformis, along a latitudinal and environmental gradient in Western Australia
Authors: Zweifler Adi , Evans Richard D. , Browne Nicola K. , Thomas Luke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThermal stress triggers the breakdown of the obligate symbiosis between the cnidarian coral host and its autotrophic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae. This diverse family exhibits pronounced functional variation that has large implications for the survival of their coral host. In this study, we explored patterns of symbiont community composition and diversity in the coral Turbinaria reniformis, a turbid reef specialist, along a latitudinal and environmental gradient in Western Australia. Using metabarcoding of the internal transcribed spacer region 2, we explored symbiont community patterns, their environmental drivers, and potential associations with host genetic structure. Our findings reveal a predominance of Cladocopium across our study area, with distinct regional composition influenced primarily by sea surface temperature. Geographical distance and host genetic data did not align with symbiont community divergence, suggesting a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors t shaping the community structure. This study underscores Cladocopium stability in Western Australia across large distances and strong environmental gradients. It also highlights the highly diversified lineage community that may explain T. reniformis ability to thrive in a wide range of environmental conditions.
Die aktuelle IC3D-Klassifikation der Hornhautdystrophien – Übersicht und Änderungen der 3. Auflage
Authors: Berger Tim , Weiss Jayne S. , Lisch Walter , Seitz Berthold 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Internationale Komitee für die Klassifikation von Hornhautdystrophien („International Committee on Classification of Corneal Dystrophies“ [IC3D]) wurde im Jahr 2005 gegründet, um Schwierigkeiten zu beseitigen, die sich aus der veralteten Nomenklatur für Hornhautdystrophien (HD) ergaben, und um Fehleinschätzungen in der Literatur zu korrigieren. Für jede der 22 HD wurde eine eigene Vorlage (sog. „Template“) erstellt, die den aktuellen klinischen, pathologischen und genetischen Wissensstand über die Erkrankung widerspiegelt. Darüber hinaus enthält jedes „Template“ repräsentative klinische Fotografien sowie licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Bilder und, falls vorhanden, konfokalmikroskopische und kohärenztomographische Aufnahmen der jeweiligen HD. Nach Veröffentlichung der ersten Ausgabe im Jahr 2008 folgte 2015 die überarbeitete Version. Die dritte Ausgabe der IC3D wurde im Februar 2024 veröffentlicht und ist frei zugänglich. Die neueste Auflage soll als Nachschlagewerk im klinischen Alltag dienen und die Diagnose von HD erleichtern. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Diagnose- und Behandlungsprinzipien der HD und stellt die IC3D und deren Veränderungen im Laufe der Zeit vor.