bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disposable e‐cigarette use: Factors, frequency and cigarette smoking among United States high school students
Authors: Azagba Sunday , Ebling Todd , Korkmaz Alperen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsDisposable e‐cigarette use has increased among United States (US) high school students in recent years. However, there is limited research on the profile of these users, how often they use these products, and whether they displace cigarette smoking. This study aimed to measure how disposable e‐cigarette use among US youth varies according to demographic characteristics and whether there is any association between e‐cigarette use and reduced use of traditional cigarettes.DesignWe used cross‐sectional data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey and conducted a multinomial logistic regression to examine factors associated with the types of e‐cigarette devices used in the prior 30 days, adjusting for sex, sexual identity, grade level and race/ethnicity. We also used a finite mixture model to account for unobserved differences among users and identify e‐cigarette use patterns in different subgroups of users.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsHigh school students in grades 9–12 (n = 14 389).MeasurementsSurvey participants self‐reported the type of e‐cigarette device used, the frequency of e‐cigarettes used and cigarettes smoked over the past 30 days.FindingsDisposable e‐cigarettes were the most popular e‐cigarette type. Sex, sexual orientation, grade level and race/ethnicity were associated with disposable e‐cigarette use. The odds of disposable e‐cigarette use were lower in male students than in female students (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.64–0.96]), and higher in students who identified as gay or lesbian (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = [1.11–2.61]) or bisexual (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.16–1.99]) than in heterosexual students. The odds of disposable use were higher among students in higher grades (10th, 11th and 12th) than in 9th graders (OR = 1.71, 2.24 and 2.52, respectively). Disposable e‐cigarette users had a lower frequency of traditional cigarette use than other e‐cigarette users, both in the low‐frequency class (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.33, 95% CI = [0.12–0.92]) and the high‐frequency class (IRR = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.08–0.92]).ConclusionsDisposable e‐cigarette use appears to be higher among United States high school students who are female, older and/or identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. Disposable e‐cigarettes appear to be associated with reduced traditional cigarette use.
Are short term outcomes superior following total knee arthroplasty when infra‐patellar fat pad is resected? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Walker Hugo , Rao Arya , Tsimiklis James , Smitham Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundData suggests the infra‐patellar fat pad (IPFP) is resected in the majority of total knee arthroplasty cases. Current literature suggests there may be scope for increasing preservations rates. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of available literature was performed to assess if resection of IPFP resulted in superior patient outcomes.MethodsScopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase and CINAHL were systematically searched in February 2024 for articles of relevance and meta‐analysis conducted. A standardized mean difference and confidence interval of 95% was calculated. An odds ratio was calculated for all included datasets. Heterogeneity was assessed for using the I2 statistic.ResultsThirteen studies were included within this review. IPFP resection shortened the patella tendon at 6 months post‐operatively (OR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.02–0.12, P = 0.006). Results favoured preservation at 12 months post‐operatively (OR, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.06, P = 0.32). Oxford Knee Society (OKS) results statistically favoured preservation at 6 months (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 0.74–2.39, P = 0.0002). Findings at 12 months favoured resection (OR, −0.49; 95% CI, −5.39, 4.41, P = 0.84). Resection increased anterior knee pain at 6–12 months post‐operatively (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12–1.89, P = 0.005). Combined subgroup analysis of flexion favoured resection (OR, −2.15; 95% CI, −6.52 to 2.22, P = 0.34).ConclusionOKS and patella tendon length results favoured preservation at 6 months however did not reach minimal clinically important difference. Combined subgroup analysis of flexion did not yield a statistically significant result. Rates of anterior knee pain at 6–12 months favoured preservation.
Coptisine exerts anti‐tumour effects in triple‐negative breast cancer by targeting mitochondrial complex I
Authors: Shen Yunfu , Yang You , Wang Zi , Lin Wanjun , Feng Na , Shi Meina , Liu Jiachen , Ma Wenzhe 
Published: July 2024

Background and PurposeTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Recent studies have shown that TNBC is highly dependent on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of coptisine, a novel compound that inhibits the complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), as a treatment for TNBC.Experimental ApproachIn this study, mitochondrial metabolism in TNBC was analysed by bioinformatics. In vitro and in vivo experiments (in mice) were conducted to evaluate the potential of coptisine as an ETC complex I‐targeting therapeutic agent and to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying coptisine‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. The therapeutic effect of coptisine was assessed in TNBC cells and xenograft mouse model.Key ResultsWe demonstrated that mitochondrial ETC I was responsible for this metabolic vulnerability in TNBC. Furthermore, a naturally occurring compound, coptisine, exhibited specific inhibitory activity against this complex I. Treatment with coptisine significantly inhibited mitochondrial functions, reprogrammed cellular metabolism, induced apoptosis and ultimately inhibited the proliferation of TNBC cells. Additionally, coptisine administration induced prominent growth inhibition that was dependent on the presence of a functional complex I in xenograft mouse models.Conclusion and ImplicationsAltogether, these findings suggest the promising potential of coptisine as a potent ETC complex I inhibitor to target the metabolic vulnerability of TNBC.
Heterogeneous stiffness of the bone marrow microenvironment regulates the fate decision of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Shi Guolin , Chang Zhuo , Zhang Pan , Zou Xiaohang , Zheng Xinmin , Liu Xiru , Yan Jinxiao , Xu Huiyun , Tian Zhenhao , Zhang Nu , Cui Ning , Sun Leming , Xu Guangkui , Yang Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe bone marrow (BM) niches are the complex microenvironments that surround cells, providing various external stimuli to regulate a range of haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behaviours. Recently, it has been proposed that the fate decision of HSCs is often correlated with significantly altered biophysical signals of BM niches. To thoroughly elucidate the effect of mechanical microenvironments on cell fates, we constructed 2D and 3D cell culture hydrogels using polyacrylamide to replicate the mechanical properties of heterogeneous sub‐niches, including the inherent rigidity of marrow adipose tissue (2 kPa), perivascular tissue (8 kPa) and endosteum region (35 kPa) in BM. Our observations suggest that HSCs can respond to the mechanical heterogeneity of the BM microenvironment, exhibiting diversity in cell mechanics, haematopoietic pool maintenance and differentiated lineages. Hydrogels with higher stiffness promote the preservation of long‐term repopulating HSCs (LT‐HSCs), while those with lower stiffness support multi‐potent progenitors (MPPs) viability in vitro. Furthermore, we established a comprehensive transcriptional profile of haematopoietic subpopulations to reflect the multipotency of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that are modulated by niche‐like stiffness. Our findings demonstrate that HSPCs exhibit completely distinct downstream differentiated preferences within hydrogel systems of varying stiffness. This highlights the crucial role of tissue‐specific mechanical properties in HSC lineage decisions, which may provide innovative solutions to clinical challenges.
CT and MRI Findings of Renal Angiomyolipoma With Lung Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: He Zhiqiang , Wu Jing , Fu Xiao ming , Li Xiao ran , Xu Hai , Chen Yu‐Chen 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTRenal angiomyolipoma has two histological variants: classical and epithelioid. Epithelioid angiomyolipoma is considered as a potential malignant tumor, often leading to recurrence and metastasis, with rapid progression in most of the cases. The lung is one of the most commonly reported sites of metastasis, and pulmonary metastasis of renal angiomyolipoma is usually diagnostic by computed tomography (CT) scans. Here, we report for the first time renal angiomyolipoma with lung metastasis by combining CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
A rare form of metastatic breast carcinoma mimicking lymphangioma circumscriptum
Authors: Pario Zacaria Jr. B. , Abad‐Casintahan Ma Flordeliz , Wee Jonnie Rose Louise R. , See Melissa Rinne V. , Cadacio Karen Andrea D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCutaneous metastasis is rare but may indicate an advanced internal malignancy or a recurrence of a previously treated one and is usually associated with a poor prognosis. They may also pose a diagnostic problem as the clinical manifestations are variable and non‐specific, which could mimic other benign conditions. We report a case of a 48‐year‐old female who presented with a 4‐year history of erythematous papules and vesicles on the trunk mimicking lymphangioma circumscriptum. Skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry were consistent with cutaneous metastasis from breast carcinoma. Cutaneous metastasis presents in a variety of patterns. A high index of suspicion and a low threshold for skin biopsy are paramount to the early diagnosis and treatment. A histopathologic evaluation will help identify the origin of the cutaneous metastasis and can significantly affect the outcome of the treatment.
Efficacy of Aspirin for primary prevention among adults with high‐risk type 2 diabetes in the ACCORD trial
Authors: Kazibwe Richard , Singleton Matthew , Bancks Michael P. , Namutebi Juliana , Hammoud Aziz , Shapiro Michael , Yeboah Joseph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of aspirin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with incident atherosclerotic CVD and mortality in high‐risk type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn this post hoc analysis, we included participants in the ACCORD trial without CVD at baseline. The association between aspirin use and the primary outcome (a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular [CV] death) and all‐cause mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard analysis adjusting for demographics, CV risk factors and comorbidities.ResultsEligible participants (n = 6330) were aged 62.8 ± 5.9 years at baseline, 43.8% of the participants were female, and 3026 (47.8%) used aspirin. Over a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 4.9 (4.1–5.7) years, the number (%) of primary outcome and all‐cause mortality events in those who used aspirin (vs. those who did not), was 196 (6.5) versus 229 (6.9) and 146 (4.8) versus 147 (4.5), respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) associated with aspirin use for the primary outcome and all‐cause mortality were 0.94 (0.77–1.14) and 1.08 (0.85–1.36), respectively.ConclusionIn high‐risk individuals with type 2 diabetes, the use of aspirin for primary prevention was not associated with a decreased risk of incident CVD or all‐cause mortality.
What if? The macroeconomic and distributional effects for Germany of a stop of energy imports from Russia
Authors: Bachmann Rüdiger , Baqaee David , Bayer Christian , Kuhn Moritz , Löschel Andreas , Moll Benjamin , Peichl Andreas , Pittel Karen , Schularick Moritz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the economic effects of a potential cut‐off of the German economy from Russian energy imports. We use a multi‐sector open‐economy model and a simplified approach based on an aggregate production function to estimate the effects of a shock to energy inputs. We show that the effects are likely to be substantial but manageable because of substitution of energy imports and reallocation along the production chain. In the short run, a stop of Russian energy imports would lead to an output loss relative to the baseline situation, without the energy cut‐off, in the range 0.5% to 3% of GDP.
Increasing region of interest width reduces neonatal circumferential strain
Authors: Mørch Johannes , Kolnes Elisabeth Horne , Greve Gottfried , Omdal Tom Roar , Ebbing Cathrine , Kessler Jörg , Khan Umael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThere is growing interest in speckle tracking echocardiography‐derived strain as a measure of left ventricular function in neonates. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding the effect of image acquisition and processing parameters on circumferential strain measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using different region of interest (ROI) widths on speckle tracking derived circumferential strain in healthy neonates.MethodsThirty healthy‐term‐born neonates were examined with speckle‐tracking echocardiography in the short‐axis view. Circumferential strain values were acquired and compared using two different ROI widths. Furthermore, strain values in the different vendor‐defined wall layers were also compared.ResultsIncreasing ROI width led to a decrease in global circumferential strain (GCS) in the midwall and epicardial layers, the respective decreases in strain being ‐23.4 ± .6% to ‐22.0 ± 1.1%, p < .0001 and 18.5 ± 1.7% to ‐15.6 ± 2.0%, p < .0001. Segmental analyses were consistent with these results, apart from two segments in the midwall. There was no statistically significant effect on strain for the endocardial layer. A gradient was seen where strain increased from the epicardial to endocardial layers.ConclusionIncreasing ROI width led to a decrease in GCS in the midwall and epicardium. There is an increase in circumferential strain when moving from the epicardial toward the endocardial layer. Clinicians wishing to implement circumferential strain into their practice should consider ROI width variation as a potential confounder in their measurements.
Identifying personality traits and behavioural syndromes in a threatened freshwater fish (Nannoperca vittata) through comparative analysis with a model species (Poecilia reticulata): Implications for conservation
Authors: Pathirana Nuwandi U. K. , Gleiss Adrian , Beatty Stephen J. , Lymbery Alan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnimal personalities are differences in behaviour among individuals of the same species that are consistent over time and contexts. The integration of animal personality into conservation actions is hampered by limited understanding of personality traits in non‐model organisms. We estimated repeatabilities and correlations between behaviours in Nannoperca vittata (western pygmy perch), a threatened freshwater fish species endemic to south‐western Australia, and, for comparative purposes, in Poecilia reticulata (guppy), a species frequently used in personality research. Each fish was measured four times for each of seven behavioural variables, presumed to reflect five underlying personality traits. Track length (TL) was used as a measure of activity; time spent in a risky zone (RZ) and time to emergence (ET) for boldness; latency to approach a novel object (LA) and time spent close to the object (TS) for exploration; time spent close to a mirror (CV) for sociability and number of attacks at the mirror (AT) for aggression. Four behavioural variables (TL, RZ, ET and CV) were significantly repeatable in N. vittata and also in P. reticulata. There was a lack of concordance in phenotypic and among‐individual correlations between variables in both species, emphasising the importance of partitioning trait covariances to infer behavioural syndromes. Significant among‐individual correlations were found between activity, boldness and sociability variables in N. vittata, consistent with a proactive‐reactive personality axis, but not in P. reticulata. Personality variation should be considered in conservation actions for N. vittata, particularly with respect to unintended consequences of domestication selection in captive breeding and release.
Navigating school belonging in Qatari schools: A mixed‐methods study of student perspectives
Authors: Allen Kelly‐Ann , McCarthy Shannon , Sawalhi Rania , Berger Emily , May Fiona , Patlamazoglou Lefteris , Gamble Nicholas , Grové Christine , Wurf Gerald , Arango Elisa Jones , Warton William , Reupert Andrea 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA sense of school belonging is essential for adolescent development, though there is limited research investigating ways to improve students' sense of school belonging in Qatar. With 116 Qatari secondary school students, the current study explored student perspectives of ways teachers and schools could improve their sense of school belonging. Students responded to a survey including open‐ended questions and a descriptive scale measuring the usefulness of established belonging strategies during remote learning, in‐person, or all the time (both). Encouragement and support from teachers were found to be useful all the time, with school activities during breaks and opportunities to make friends only being useful during school‐based learning. From the examination of open‐ended responses using a hybrid qualitative approach with inductive and deductive coding, two overarching themes each at the teacher‐level and school‐level were found, defined by several subthemes. Belonging practices at the teacher‐level included caring and supportive teachers and teachers treating students as people. Belonging practices at the school‐level included student engagement and a positive and supportive school environment. For Qatari students practices such as prioritising supportive student–teacher relationships, introducing policies which promote a respectful, fair and safe environment, and offering school wide‐extracurricular activities that encourage peer connections are important to develop their sense of school belonging.
The first documented and characterized Norwegian acid sulfate soils
Authors: Andersson Malin , Hansen Louise 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAcid sulfate soils (ASS) containing hypersulfidic material (pH >4) can, when drained, transform to ASS with a thionic horizon (pH <4), which can cause environmental effects due to the formation of sulfuric acid and the consequent mobilization and leaching of metals and acid into waterways, as well as cause geotechnical problems. Yet, the occurrence of ASS has till now not been a topic of research in Norway. The present pilot study was carried out on an area along the northern coast of Norway. Thirty‐nine localities were sampled and analysed near Alta. Of these, six were classified as ASS with either hypersulfidic or parahypersulfidic material. ASS is not as widespread as within the Baltic Sea area, but the analyses document the occurrence of ASS with hypersulfidic material with high acidifying potential in certain areas if oxidized. This pilot study shows that ASS occurs in specific areas. Three localities with documented ASS were studied in greater detail. Here, sections were excavated and analysed to help with the understanding of the geological context of these occurrences. In this way, the geological prerequisites considered of importance of soils with ASS with hypersulfidic material are outlined. The prerequisites for ASS occurrence that evolved during this study include young, marine, fine‐grained deposits and a low relief environment subjected to episodic sedimentation but otherwise calm water and little water exchange. The results are a starting point for further studies of ASS occurrences along the Norwegian coast.
Heritability of sudden cardiac death in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Kapusniak Amie , Nath Laura , Hebart Michelle , Franklin Samantha 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) is an important cause of exercise‐associated fatalities in Thoroughbred racehorses. Equine deaths share similarities with fatalities in human athletes that result from inherited cardiac disease. Whilst genetic causes have been postulated in horses, these have not been confirmed and heritability of SCD has not previously been estimated in Thoroughbred racehorses.ObjectivesTo determine the heritability of SCD in a sample population of Thoroughbred racehorses.Study designRetrospective case–control study.MethodsSteward and post‐mortem reports of Thoroughbred racehorses in Australia between 2007 and 2020 were reviewed to identify horses with SCD. Control horses were randomly selected from races in which SCD occurred or from races on the date of the case fatality. A five‐generation integrated pedigree chart was collected for each horse. Estimates of heritability were obtained using an animal model in the ASReml‐R program with variance components estimated assuming SCD was normally distributed, and on the logit transformed scale. Inbreeding coefficients were calculated and the risk of producing SCD‐affected progeny was calculated for stallions that sired ≥5 individuals in the case–control population.ResultsNinety‐three horses with SCD and 465 control horses were identified. Heritability on the underlying scale was 0.15 ± 0.09 (logit animal) and 0.24 ± 0.12 (normal animal). Inbreeding coefficients were not significantly different between groups. Of the 16 first generation sires that appeared ≥5 times in the case–control data set, two sires more frequently produced affected progeny (OR 7.95–10.41).Main limitationsChallenges in definitively confirming SCD may lead to misclassification of some cases. Some control horses may have not been exposed to environmental influences of SCD. Case numbers are low and the studied population may not represent the entire Thoroughbred genetic pool.ConclusionThe heritability of SCD in this population was relatively low. However, individual stallions appear more likely to produce affected progeny. Further studies are required to understand the genetic and environmental influences that contribute to disease expression.