bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Actitudes lingüísticas en Colombia
Authors: Bernal Julio , Munévar Alejandro , Barajas Catalina 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Bogotá, hacia al español de Colombia y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigaciones (NRC). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los resultados muestran que el habla de la capital cuenta con alto prestigio entre los bogotanos, en comparación con menor estima por las hablas de la costa del Caribe y la región nariñense, al sur del país; asimismo sienten una alta autoestima lingüística, ya que consideran el habla colombiana como parte esencial de la identidad nacional y poseedora de una corrección lingüística que supera la del español hablado en España, México y la Argentina.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Bogotá, towards Spanish spoken in Colombia and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Norwegian Research Council (NRC). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 persons, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results of the project show that Spanish spoken in the capital has higher prestige than Spanish spoken on the Caribbean coast and in Nariño, the southern region of the country; the respondents show high linguistic self-esteem for Colombian Spanish, which they consider an essential part of their national identity, the linguistic correctness of which goes beyond that of Spanish spoken in Spain, Mexico and Argentina.
Actitudes lingüísticas de los hablantes de San Salvador, El Salvador
Authors: Rivera Orellana Erick 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la ciudad de San Salvador hacia al español de El Salvador y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Los estudios sobre actitudes lingüísticas en el país son escasos y este es el estudio que más dimensiones abarca respecto de cómo los salvadoreños que habitan en la capital se identifican con el idioma que hablan, cómo valoran o califican las formas de hablar de los habitantes de su entorno y cómo reaccionan ante formas de hablar el español en otros países, tanto de aquellos que conocen directamente como de otros con los cuales tienen una relación indirecta, principalmente a través de los medios de comunicación.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from San Salvador towards Spanish spoken in El Salvador and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. Studies of linguistic attitudes are scarce in the country and this research study is the first one with a broad scope regarding how people living in the capital identify themselves with the way they speak; how they value or characterize the way people around them speak, and how they react to the way people speak Spanish in other countries that they know personally or through mass media.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Honduras. Un estudio sociolingüístico sobre el español de Honduras frente al de otros países de habla hispana
Authors: Hernández Hilcia 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Tegucigalpa, hacia al español de Honduras y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se muestran los resultados del análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo desde una perspectiva sociolingüística y dejan al descubierto no solo las actitudes lingüísticas positivas y negativas, sino también expresiones de lealtad por la variedad lingüística nacional, opiniones sobre la corrección lingüística y la alta estima hacia el español de Honduras en relación con el español de los demás países hispanohablantes.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Tegucigalpa, towards Spanish spoken in Honduras and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The results from the qualitative and quantities analysis are drawn using a sociolinguistic perspective and show not only the positive and negative linguistic attitudes towards specific varieties of Spanish, but also expressions of linguistic loyalty towards the national variety of the Spanish language, opinions about linguistic correctness and the high degree of appreciation towards Honduran Spanish compared to the variants of Spanish spoken in the other Spanish-speaking countries.
Actitudes lingüísticas en México. Entre el chovinismo y el malinchismo
Authors: Morett Sonia 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de México, hacia al español del país y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando una muestra de 400 informantes previamente estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico sobre sus preferencias y opiniones de las variantes dialectales mexicanas y del mundo hispanohablante. El análisis identifica factores lingüísticos y extralingüísticos que devienen en percepciones cognitivas y actitudes afectivas de orgullo, aceptación, rechazo y estigmatización. Se dedicó especial atención a las creencias sobre la corrección lingüística y al rol de los medios de comunicación en la propagación de estereotipos. En relación con investigaciones precedentes, la española y la mexicana se mantuvieron como las variantes más prestigiosas, aunque en varios aspectos se registró una mayor autoestima lingüística y, al mismo tiempo, una creciente conciencia y aceptación hacia la diversidad intralingüística y cultural, especialmente hacia las hablas de otros países hispanohablantes. Se concluye que las creencias sobre los grupos sociales se encuentran en la base de las actitudes lingüísticas, antes que los criterios inherentes al lenguaje.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers from Mexico City, towards Spanish spoken in the country, and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway. The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status about their preferences and opinions about the varieties of Spanish spoken in Mexico and in the Spanish-speaking world. The analysis has identified linguistic and non-linguistic factors that lead to cognitive and affective attitudes of pride, acceptance, rejection and stigmatization. Special emphasis was put on beliefs about linguistic correctness and the role of communication media on the dissemination of stereotypes. We focus especially on beliefs about linguistic correctness as well as on the role that media play in the dissemination of stereotypes. In relation to previous research, the Spanish and Mexican dialectal variants maintain their status as the most prestigious; however, a greater linguistic self-esteem was detected, as well as a growing awareness and acceptance of intralinguistic and cultural diversity, especially regarding the varieties of other Spanish-speaking countries. We conclude that beliefs about social groups rather than intralinguistic criteria basically shape linguistic attitudes.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Paraguay. Identidad lingüística de los hablantes de lengua materna castellana en Asunción
Authors: Chiquito Ana Beatriz , Saldívar Dick María Celeste 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de la Ciudad de Asunción, hacia el español del Paraguay y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo hace parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital del país, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 informantes estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. El artículo resalta la particularidad del bilingüismo del país y la situación de diglosia entre el guaraní y el castellano; el mayor prestigio del castellano de Asunción frente al habla de las ciudades fronterizas con Brasil y Argentina, en las cuales se hablan el portugués brasileño, el guaraní y el español argentino, además del español paraguayo. Los resultados del estudio confirman el prestigio del castellano, cuyo papel oficial se mantiene, a pesar del creciente prestigio del guaraní, impulsado por las nuevas leyes de educación bilingüe y el establecimiento de la Academia de la Lengua Guaraní.

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish speakers of Asunción, towards Spanish spoken in Paraguay and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The article highlights the special situation of bilingualism in the country and the diglosic relationship between Guarani and Spanish; the higher prestige of the Spanish variety spoken in Asunción, compared to the ones spoken in the Paraguayan cities on the border with Brazil and Argentina, where Brazilian Portuguese, Guarani and Argentinean Spanish are spoken in addition to the Paraguayan variety of Spanish. The results of the study confirm the prestige that Spanish maintains and its standing in official settings, in spite of the increasing prestige of Guarani driven by the new laws on bilingual education and the establishment of the Guarani Language Academy.
Actitudes lingüísticas en Venezuela. Exploración de creencias hacia la variante nacional, la lengua española y el español dialectal
Authors: Coello Millán Hecsil Yosibel 
Published: November 2014

Resumen
Este artículo analiza las actitudes lingüísticas de hablantes nativos de español de Caracas hacia al español de Venezuela y el de los otros países hispanohablantes. El artículo es parte de los resultados del Proyecto LIAS (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), financiado por El Consejo Noruego de Investigación (RCN). La recolección de los datos se realizó en la capital, entrevistando a una muestra de 400 personas, estratificada con las variables de edad, sexo y nivel socioeconómico. Se analizaron los datos cuantitativa y cualitativamente para identificar las opiniones y creencias de los hablantes y poder describir sus actitudes lingüísticas hacia el habla española de las regiones del país y de otros países hispanohablantes. Este estudio observa un cambio de actitud hacia la variante del español nacional y describe las creencias que comparten los caraqueños hacia el español

Abstract
This article analyzes the linguistic attitudes of native Spanish-speakers from Caracas towards Spanish spoken in Venezuela and in the other Spanish-speaking countries. It is a result of the LIAS-Project (Linguistic Identity and Attitudes in Spanish-speaking Latin America), funded by The Research Council of Norway (RCN). The data were gathered in the capital of the country, interviewing a stratified sample of 400 respondents, based on the variables of age, sex and socioeconomic status. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed in order to identify the opinions and beliefs of the speakers, and to be able to describe their linguistic attitudes towards the Spanish varieties of the different regions of the country. This study shows an attitudinal change towards the national variety of Spanish and describes the beliefs that caraqueños share towards the Spanish language.
Lower and Upper Concept Lattices
Authors: Vaideanu Cristian 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Formal Concept Analysis is a mathematical theory of data analysis using formal contexts and concept lattices. In this paper, two new types of concept lattices are introduced by using notions from domain theory (in particular, Hoare and Smyth powerdomains). Based on a Galois connection, we prove the fundamental theorem of the Formal Concept Analysis, as well as other properties of lower and upper formal concepts. In this way, we provide new models to represent and retrieve the information in data and knowledge systems.
Interpolation Operators on Some Triangles with Curved Sides
Authors: Cătinaş Teodora , Blaga Petru , Coman Gheorghe 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper contains a survey regarding interpolation and Bernstein-type operators defined on triangles having one or all curved sides; we consider as well some of the product and Boolean sum operators. We study the interpolation properties, the orders of accuracy and the remainders of the generated approximation formulas.
A Topological Approach in the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski Model of Set Theory
Authors: Alexandru Andrei , Ciobanu Gabriel 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Lattices of subgroups are presented as algebraic domains. Given an arbitrary group, we define the Scott topology over the subgroups lattice of that group. A basis for this topology is expressed in terms of finitely generated subgroups. Several properties of the continuous functions with respect the Scott topology are obtained; they provide new order properties of groups. Finally there are expressed several properties of the group of permutations of atoms in a permutative model of set theory. We provide new properties of the extended interchange function by presenting some topological properties of its domain. Several order and topological properties of the sets in the Fraenkel-Mostowski model remains also valid in the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski model, even one axiom in the axiomatic description of the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski model is weaker than its homologue in the axiomatic description of the Fraenkel-Mostowski model.
CDH1 Mutation in Two Patients with Hereditary Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pogodina Jelena , Ribenieks Roberts , Berzina Dace , Trofimovics Genadijs , Miklasevics Edvins 
Published: November 2014

Summary

CDH1 is currently the only gene in which mutations are known to cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is defined as a syndrome of inherited predisposition to cancer with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Specific criteria are used to identify patients with suspected HDGC and who should be investigated for CDH1 germline mutations. Accurate screening is mandatory for unaffected carriers ofCDH1 mutations and selected high-risk individuals could be considered for prophylactic gastrectomy.
Nonoperative Management of Grade IV Liver Injury for Elderly Patient
Authors: Stabina Solvita , Pupelis Guntars , Laguns Reinis , Kaminskis Aleksejs 
Published: November 2014

Summary
According to current conventional practice 80% to 90% of hepatic injuries can be safely managed without operation. (2) Previously conservative management of the hepatic injuries were recommended for hemodynamically stable patients who did not require blood transfusion and number of trauma centres strongly recommended conservative strategy in alert patient who are able to cooperate with physical examination. However recent experience shows that the key factor in determining whether non-operative management (NOM) can be safely used is hemodynamic stability (HD) of the patient.(5)
Comparison of 2 Manual Therapy and Exercise Protocols for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Short-Term Effects
Authors: Langevin Pierre , Desmeules François , Lamothe Mélanie , Robitaille Simon , Roy Jean-Sébastien 
Published: November 2014

Study Design Participant- and assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial. Objectives To compare a rehabilitation program thought to increase the size of the intervertebral foramen (IVF) of the affected nerve root to a rehabilitation program that doesn't include any specific techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF in patients presenting with cervical radiculopathy (CR). Background Clinical approaches for the treatment of CR commonly include exercises and manual therapy techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF, but evidence regarding the effectiveness of these specific manual therapy techniques is scarce. Methods Thirty-six participants with CR were randomly assigned either to a group that received a manual therapy and exercise program aimed at increasing the size of the IVF of the affected nerve root (experimental group, n = 18) or to a group that received a manual therapy and exercise program without the specific goal of increasing the size of the IVF of the affected level and side (comparison group, n = 18). Primary (Neck Disability Index) and secondary (shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire [QuickDASH] and numeric pain-rating scale) outcomes were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the 4-week program (week 4), and 4 weeks later (week 8). A mixed-model, 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze treatment effects. Results No significant group-by-time interaction or group effect was observed for Neck Disability Index, QuickDASH, and numeric pain-rating scale scores (P≥.14) following the intervention. However, both groups showed statistically and clinically significant improvement from baseline to week 4 and to week 8 in Neck Disability Index, QuickDASH, and numeric pain-rating scale scores (P<.05). Conclusion Results suggest that manual therapy and exercises are effective in reducing pain and functional limitations related to CR. The addition of techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF of the affected nerve root yielded no significant additional benefits. Given the absence of a “no treatment” group, a spontaneous resolution of symptoms cannot be excluded. However, the magnitude of improvement makes spontaneous resolution unlikely. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01500044). Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(1):4–17. Epub 24 Nov 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5211
Validity of the Thessaly Test in Evaluating Meniscal Tears Compared With Arthroscopy: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Goossens Pjotr , Keijsers Ellen , van Geenen Rutger J.C. , Zijta André , van den Broek Maarten , Verhagen Arianne P. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolijne G.M. 
Published: November 2014

Study Design Diagnostic accuracy study. Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Thessaly test compared with an arthroscopic examination in patients with suspected meniscal tears. Background The Thessaly test was introduced to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination in detecting meniscal tears. This test appears to be a valuable alternative to other meniscal clinical tests usually performed, but additional diagnostic accuracy data are required. Methods Patients with suspected meniscal tears, referred to a hospital for arthroscopic surgery, were eligible. The Thessaly test alone and the combination of the Thessaly and McMurray tests were considered as index tests, and arthroscopy was used as the reference test. Experienced physical therapists performed the Thessaly test at 20° of flexion and the McMurray test for both knees. The physical therapist was blinded to patient information, the affected knee, and the results from possible earlier diagnostic imaging. An orthopaedic surgeon blinded to the clinical test results from the physical therapist performed the arthroscopic examination. Results A total of 593 patients were included, of whom 493 (83%) had a meniscal tear, as determined by the arthroscopic examination. The Thessaly test had a sensitivity of 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60%, 68%), specificity of 53% (95% CI: 43%, 63%), positive predictive value of 87% (95% CI: 83%, 90%), negative predictive value of 23% (95% CI: 18%, 29%), and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.70) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.78), respectively. The combination of positive Thessaly and McMurray tests showed a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 62%. Conclusion The results of the Thessaly test alone or combined with the McMurray test do not seem useful to determine the presence or absence of meniscal tears. Level of Evidence Diagnosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(1):18–24. Epub 24 Nov 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5215
Rapid Assessment of Glass Etching/Corrosion using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring, QCM-D
Authors: Macakova Lubica , Kjellin Mikael , Andersson Martin , Löf Leif , Wnukowska Halina 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A new method to determine glass corrosion/etching is presented. The method enables a rapid screening of formulations in terms of their glass etching tendency as well as identification of the main components responsible for giving rise to the etching. Up to four formulations can be evaluated during one day. The high sensitivity of the QCM-D instrument enables measuring the etching of thicknesses less than one nm. Therefore, the technique can be used efficiently to screen components in the formulations and aid in the development phase of new optimised dishwash detergent formulations. In a planned work we will investigate the correlation between the etching rate of thin sputtered glass films at the surface of QCM-D crystals and good performance in a standardized dishwasher test using melt-quenched glasses.