bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistence and Toxicity of Oil in Brackish Marshes Seven Years After the Chalk Point, Maryland Oil Spill
Authors: Michel Jacqueline , Nixon Zachary , Dahlin Jeffrey , Betenbaugh David , White Mark , Burton Dennis , Turley Steven 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Seven years after the spill of an estimated 140,000 gallons of a mixture of No. 6 and No. 2 fuel oils into the Patuxent River, a study was conducted to assess recovery at 24 oiled sites compared with 24 unoiled sites. Metrics included stem density, stem height, belowground biomass and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at depths of 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, and soil toxicity of the 0–10 cm interval.
Half of the soil samples contained the spilled oil; total PAHs varied by 1–2 orders of magnitude between the top and bottom intervals, reflecting high oil heterogeneity. The oil had lost 22–76% of its initial PAH content, although there had been little to no additional PAH weathering since Fall 2000 and Summer 2001. Stem density and height were significantly lower in oiled versus unoiled sites for Spartina alterniflora but not S. cynosuroides.
In contrast, belowground biomass was significantly lower in S. cynosuroides but not S. alterniflora. Based on toxicity tests and sediment quality benchmarks, 25% of the soils were expected to be toxic to many organisms (ESB-TUFCV values &gt; 3.0; PMax &gt; 0.65).
There are likely two factors limiting natural weathering processes in the marsh soils: slow physical removal processes and low oxygen availability.
The interior marsh habitat is flooded by daily tides through many small channels. The marsh surface has a lot of micro-topography with low areas between dense clumps of stems that hold pools of water during low tide. The sediments in these low areas are very soft and water saturated.
Obviously, during spring low tides, the marsh soils do drain as low as 30 cm, because the oil penetrated to these depths in some areas. The falling tide drains through dense vegetation. Tidal flushing may have been a mechanism for removal of bulk oil stranded on the surface initially; however, it would not be effective at mobilizing oil from below the marsh surface. There are few bioturbating benthic biota in these marshes. Photo-oxidation does not occur below ground. Therefore, the only other removal mechanism would be microbial degradation.
Spreading Agents Provide a New Oil Spill Response Option
Authors: Nedwed Tim , Canevari Gerard P. , Febbo Eric 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
This paper describes research on a new approach to oil spill response that utilizes a silicone-based spreading agent to cause thick oil slicks to spread to extremely thin sheens. The increased surface area of the thin sheens will enhance the evaporation of the oil. Although this requires additional study, we expect that any residual oil that remains after evaporation will be less toxic because the volatile components are also soluble and contain at least a component of oil toxicity. In addition, spreading the oil will reduce areal loading of the oil and result in very low concentrations of oil entering the water column if wave energy disperses the sheens.
Our tests established the ability of a silicone-based spreading agent to spread viscous oil to a thicknesses that was visually not detectable. Further, we found that treating a stable water-in-oil emulsion resulted in breaking of the emulsion and continued spreading to a thickness that was also visually not detectable. We believe the emulsion was broken when the thickness of the oil became less than the diameter of the emulsified water droplets.
The new response approach is a method of reducing the impacts of offshore marine oil spills by promoting rapid spreading of the oil. This in turn increases evaporation rates, breaks emulsions, and potentially enhances natural dispersion of residual oil. The final result is less hydrocarbon transferred to the water column and reduced toxicity of the hydrocarbon that is transferred.
A NIR‐II‐Emissive Organic Nanomedicine with Biomimetic Engineering for High‐Contrast Targeted Bioimaging and Multiple Phototherapies of Pancreatic Tumors
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Zhang Jie , Wang Yu , Yu Jie , Gao Yijian , Yang Yuliang , Li Xiliang , Wang Hongcheng , Li Shengliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent advances are achieved in the design and development of efficient organic photosensitizers (PSs), especially with fluorescence imaging navigation in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) region. However, there are simply a handful of NIR‐II emissive organic PSs with efficient oxygen‐independent capability due to the scarcity of high‐performance NIR‐responsive organic materials and targeted delivery. Herein, a NIR‐II‐emissive organic nanomedicine with biomimetic engineering for high‐performance NIR‐II imaging and targeted multiple phototherapies of pancreatic tumors is reported. An A‐D‐A‐type conjugated small‐molecule TPC is designed and used to prepare water‐dispersive nanoparticles, which demonstrated high efficiency for type I and type II photodynamic performances, good photothermal conversion of 57%, and bright NIR‐II emission with a quantum yield of 9.8% under 808 nm light irradiation. With pancreatic cancer cell membrane camouflage, the biomimetic TPC nanomedicine achieved high‐resolution and targeted bioimaging of whole‐body blood vessels and tumors. Antitumor experiments demonstrated the high efficiency of the biomimetic TPC nanomedicine for pancreatic tumor elimination and good biosafety with 808 nm light irradiation. This work demonstrated a NIR‐II‐emissive versatile nanomedicine with enhanced tumor‐targeting for high‐resolution NIR‐II bioimaging and superior phototheranostics, providing a feasible idea for the evolution of targeted and high‐performance theranostics.
Plasmonic Hot Carrier‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Processes: Principle, Detection and Application
Authors: Song Kyoungjae , Roh Yujin , Park Hyewon , Park Jeong Young 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUtilizing hot carriers induced by surface plasmon resonance in solar energy conversion to chemical fuels is a crucial issue in the field of photocatalysis. To achieve practical efficiency in plasmonic hot carrier application to photocatalysts, it is essential to theoretically and experimentally understand the generation, relaxation, and transfer of hot carriers. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) processes can offer a pathway to investigate the transfer dynamics of hot electrons (or hot holes) and enhance the efficiency of both hot carrier transfer and catalytic activity. This work summarizes a theoretical and experimental understanding of the hot carrier effect, emphasizing the hot carrier transfer dynamics to investigate the exact role of hot carriers in PEC reactions. The principles of hot carrier detection, diverse applications of hot carrier‐based photocatalysis, and perspectives for possible future progress are discussed.
Aptasensors and Advancement in Molecular Recognition Technology
Authors: Napit Rajindra , Jaysawal Satendra Kumar , Chowdhury Rocky , Catague Jasmine , Melke Haben , Pham Cuong Viet , Xu Huo , Jia Lee , Lin Jia , Hou Yingchu , Duan Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSynthetic oligonucleic acids known as aptamers exhibit remarkable selectivity and affinity for target recognition and binding. Selected via an iterative process known as “selective evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment” (SELEX), aptamers fold into defined 3D conformations to interact with their targets. The incorporation of aptamers as recognition elements has driven notable progress in biosensors, giving rise to the development of aptasensors. Here, the process of aptamer discovery and the development of various types of aptasensors are summarized. The fundamental design principles of aptasensors are elaborated along with the superiority of aptamers compared to antibodies. The various modes employed by aptasensors, such as structure‐switching design, hybridization chain reaction amplification, enzyme‐assisted recycling, and split aptamer design are examined. Further light is shed on the diverse landscape of aptasensors, their adaptability to different analytes aptasensors as well as their potential to propel advancements in modern biosensor technology. As a nucleic acids‐based biosensor platform, aptasensors poise to become a next generation of sensitive and cost‐effective technology to shape the future of molecular recognition in biosensing.
Formal Olefinic C−H Phosphinylation via Alkenyl Sulfonium Salts
Authors: Ma Juan , Lin Jie , Li Mingrui , Wang Liandi , Wu Kaikai , Zhou Yong‐Gui , Yu Zhengkun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFormal olefinic C−P cross‐coupling between alkenyl sulfonium salts and secondary phosphine oxides and H‐phosphinates has been developed. A base enables construction of alkenyl C−P bonds as well as aliphatic C−P bonds at ambient temperature under an air atmosphere. This protocol provides an alternative access to multisubstituted alkenyl phosphine oxides and phosphinates in 40–99% yield from functionalized alkenes through an interrupted Pummerer activation/base‐promoted olefinic C−S bond phosphinylation sequence. Gram‐scale preparation and feasible derivatization demonstrated the applicability of the resultant alkenylphosphine oxides.
Copper(II)‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Annulation of Enaminones with Maleimides Using a Traceless Directing Group Strategy
Authors: Fu Leiqing , Huang Hongxiang , Jiang Yingying , Liu Xuan , Chen Huimin , Wan Jie‐Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed annulation of enaminones with maleimides was developed to synthesize various pyrrolo[3,4‐e]isoindoles. In this strategy, 2‐aminopyridine served as a traceless directing group, and target products were obtained in 54–72% yields. Moreover, a plausible mechanism for this reaction was proposed based on several control experiments, deuterium exchange experiments, and previous reports.
Disproportionation and Transalkylation of Phenol and Dimethylphenol on Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Mao Junyu , Liu Naiwang , Meng Xuan , Shi Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSubstantial amounts of phenolic compounds are present in medium‐low temperature coal tar (MLCT), of which dimethylphenol (DMP) is not as valuable to be utilized as the more abundant cresol due to its complex composition and difficulty in isolation. In this study, the disproportionation and transalkylation reactions of MLCT‐related model compound, i.e., 2,6‐DMP, in phenol over zeolite catalysts are investigated using a fixed‐bed reactor for sustainable new option to utilize MLCT‐derived phenolic mixtures. Reactivity is promoted at high temperatures and associated with zeolite acidity and pore structure. Since disproportionation and transalkylation reactions have certain spatial requirements, the micropores of MFI‐type zeolite may cause spatial barriers that make it difficult to carry out the reactions. MCM‐22, characterized by MWW‐type zeolite, maximized the conversion of 2,6‐DMP due to its strong Bronsted acidity and large mesopore volume. FAU‐type zeolite HY with a 3D large 12‐ring through‐channel shows relatively small spatial confinement and certain molecular sieving ability, which enables bimolecular reactions while allowing cresols to flow out of the pores efficiently to obtain the highest cresol selectivity. The addition of phenol significantly inhibits the spontaneous disproportionation of 2,6‐DMP to tricresol. Besides, o‐cresol dominate the cresol products, suggesting that the selectivity of o‐cresol is kinetically controlled.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon‐Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticle Catalysts Using Covalent Organic Frameworks as Templates for Electrochemical CO2 Conversion
Authors: Zhao Yuzhen , Yu Xinxin , Wu Zhuangzhuang , Li Yongpeng , Wang Wenxin , Feng Lijuan , Sui Zhuyin , Chen Qi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) reactions, powered by cleaner energy, possess significant promise in mitigating CO2 emissions and achieving carbon recycling. Herein, Ni@N‐C electrocatalysts with encapsulated structures are prepared using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as templates, where COF‐derived nitrogen‐doped carbon (N‐C) is utilized to wrap Ni nanoparticles. At the potential of −0.97 V vs. RHE, 2Ni@N‐C‐800 is characterized by a high current density (j = 24.2 mA cm‐2) and relatively high CO Faraday efficiency (FECO = 72%), reflecting its good catalytic activity. The ECR performance of 2Ni@N‐C‐800 is due to the cooperative interaction between Ni nanoparticles and the N‐C structure, which is inferred from control and poisoning measurements. This study provides a new idea for finding efficient and stable ECR catalysts.
Engineering Versatile Bacteria‐Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Adaptable Platform for Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Luo Ziheng , Cheng Xiang , Feng Bin , Fan Duoyang , Liu Xiaohui , Xie Ruyan , Luo Ting , Wegner Seraphine V. , Ma Dayou , Chen Fei , Zeng Wenbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a transformative shift toward personalized and targeted therapeutic strategies. Bacteria‐derived outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have emerged as a promising and adaptable platform for cancer immunotherapy due to their unique properties, including natural immunogenicity and the ability to be engineered for specific therapeutic purposes. In this review, a comprehensive overview is provided of state‐of‐the‐art techniques and methodologies employed in the engineering of versatile OMVs for cancer immunotherapy. Beginning by exploring the biogenesis and composition of OMVs, unveiling their intrinsic immunogenic properties for therapeutic appeal. Subsequently, innovative approaches employed to engineer OMVs are delved into, ranging from the genetic engineering of parent bacteria to the incorporation of functional molecules. The importance of rational design strategies is highlighted to enhance the immunogenicity and specificity of OMVs, allowing tailoring for diverse cancer types. Furthermore, insights into clinical studies and potential challenges utilizing OMVs as cancer vaccines or adjuvants are also provided, offering a comprehensive assessment of the current landscape and future prospects. Overall, this review provides valuable insights for researchers involved in the rapidly evolving field of cancer immunotherapy, offering a roadmap for harnessing the full potential of OMVs as a versatile and adaptable platform for cancer treatment.
DHPS‐Mediated Hypusination Regulates METTL3 Self‐m6A‐Methylation Modification to Promote Melanoma Proliferation and the Development of Novel Inhibitors
Authors: Guo Jing‐si , Ma Jian , Zhao Xi‐he , Zhang Ji‐fang , Liu Kai‐li , Li Long‐tian , Qin Yu‐xi , Meng Fan‐hao , Jian Ling‐yan , Yang Yue‐hui , Li Xin‐yang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiscovering new treatments for melanoma will benefit human health. The mechanism by which deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) promotes melanoma development remains elucidated. Multi‐omics studies have revealed that DHPS regulates m6A modification and maintains mRNA stability in melanoma cells. Mechanistically, DHPS activates the hypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) to assist METTL3 localizing on its mRNA for m6A modification, then promoting METTL3 expression. Structure‐based design, synthesis, and activity screening yielded the hit compound GL‐1 as a DHPS inhibitor. Notably, GL‐1 directly inhibits DHPS binding to eIF5A, whereas GC‐7 cannot. Based on the clarification of the mode of action of GL‐1 on DHPS, it is found that GL‐1 can promote the accumulation of intracellular Cu2+ to induce apoptosis, and antibody microarray analysis shows that GL‐1 inhibits the expression of several cytokines. GL‐1 shows promising antitumor activity with good bioavailability in a xenograft tumor model. These findings clarify the molecular mechanisms by which DHPS regulates melanoma proliferation and demonstrate the potential of GL‐1 for clinical melanoma therapy.
Designing Plastrons for Underwater Bubble Capture: From Model Microstructures to Stochastic Nanostructures
Authors: Wong William S. Y. , Naga Abhinav , Armstrong Tobias , Karunakaran Bhuvaneshwari , Poulikakos Dimos , Ras Robin H. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBubbles and foams are often removed via chemical defoamers and/or mechanical agitation. Designing surfaces that promote chemical‐free and energy‐passive bubble capture is desirable for numerous industrial processes, including mineral flotation, wastewater treatment, and electrolysis. When immersed, super‐liquid‐repellent surfaces form plastrons, which are textured solid topographies with interconnected gas domains. Plastrons exhibit the remarkable ability of capturing bubbles through coalescence. However, the two‐step mechanics of plastron‐induced bubble coalescence, namely, rupture (initiation and location) and subsequent absorption (propagation and drainage) are not well understood. Here, the influence of 1) topographical feature size and 2) gas fraction on bubble capture dynamics is investigated. Smaller feature sizes accelerate rupture while larger gas fractions markedly improve absorption. Rupture is initiated solely on solid domains and is more probable near the edges of solid features. Yet, rupture time becomes longer as solid fraction increases. This counterintuitive behavior represents unexpected complexities. Upon rupture, the bubble's moving liquid‐solid contact line influences its absorption rate and equilibrium state. These findings show the importance of rationally minimizing surface feature sizes and contact line interactions for rapid bubble rupture and absorption. This work provides key design principles for plastron‐induced bubble coalescence, inspiring future development of industrially‐relevant surfaces for underwater bubble capture.
Flexoelectricity Modulated Electron Transport of 2D Indium Oxide
Authors: Hu Xinyi , Yu Chen Guan , Luan Yange , Tang Tao , Liang Yi , Ren Baiyu , Chen Liguo , Zhao Yulong , Zhang Qi , Huang Dong , Sun Xiao , Cheng Yin Fen , Ou Jian Zhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe phenomenon of flexoelectricity, wherein mechanical deformation induces alterations in the electron configuration of metal oxides, has emerged as a promising avenue for regulating electron transport. Leveraging this mechanism, stress sensing can be optimized through precise modulation of electron transport. In this study, the electron transport in 2D ultra‐smooth In2O3 crystals is modulated via flexoelectricity. By subjecting cubic In2O3 (c‐In2O3) crystals to significant strain gradients using an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, the crystal symmetry is broken, resulting in the separation of positive and negative charge centers. Upon applying nano‐scale stress up to 100 nN, the output voltage and power values reach their maximum, e.g. 2.2 mV and 0.2 pW, respectively. The flexoelectric coefficient and flexocoupling coefficient of c‐In2O3 are determined as ≈0.49 nC m−1 and 0.4 V, respectively. More importantly, the sensitivity of the nano‐stress sensor upon c‐In2O3 flexoelectric effect reaches 20 nN, which is four to six orders smaller than that fabricated with other low dimensional materials based on the piezoresistive, capacitive, and piezoelectric effect. Such a deformation‐induced polarization modulates the band structure of c‐In2O3, significantly reducing the Schottky barrier height (SBH), thereby regulating its electron transport. This finding highlights the potential of flexoelectricity in enabling high‐performance nano‐stress sensing through precise control of electron transport.
The LIDPAD Mouse Model Captures the Multisystem Interactions and Extrahepatic Complications in MASLD
Authors: Low Zun Siong , Chua Damien , Cheng Hong Sheng , Tee Rachel , Tan Wei Ren , Ball Christopher , Sahib Norliza Binte Esmail , Ng Ser Sue , Qu Jing , Liu Yingzi , Hong Haiyu , Cai Chaonong , Rao Nandini Chilagondanahalli Lakshmi , Wee Aileen , Muthiah Mark Dhinesh , Bichler Zoë , Mickelson Barbara , Kong Mei Suen , Tay Vanessa Shiyun , Yan Zhuang , Chen Jiapeng , Ng Aik Seng , Yip Yun Sheng , Vos Marcus Ivan Gerard , Tan Nicole Ashley , Lim Dao Liang , Lim Debbie Xiu En , Chittezhath Manesh , Yaligar Jadegoud , Verma Sanjay Kumar , Poptani Harish , Guan Xue Li , Velan Sambasivam Sendhil , Ali Yusuf , Li Liang , Tan Nguan Soon , Wahli Walter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents an impending global health challenge. Current management strategies often face setbacks, emphasizing the need for preclinical models that faithfully mimic the human disease and its comorbidities. The liver disease progression aggravation diet (LIDPAD), a diet‐induced murine model, extensively characterized under thermoneutral conditions and refined diets is introduced to ensure reproducibility and minimize species differences. LIDPAD recapitulates key phenotypic, genetic, and metabolic hallmarks of human MASLD, including multiorgan communications, and disease progression within 4 to 16 weeks. These findings reveal gut‐liver dysregulation as an early event and compensatory pancreatic islet hyperplasia, underscoring the gut‐pancreas axis in MASLD pathogenesis. A robust computational pipeline is also detailed for transcriptomic‐guided disease staging, validated against multiple harmonized human hepatic transcriptomic datasets, thereby enabling comparative studies between human and mouse models. This approach underscores the remarkable similarity of the LIDPAD model to human MASLD. The LIDPAD model fidelity to human MASLD is further confirmed by its responsiveness to dietary interventions, with improvements in metabolic profiles, liver histopathology, hepatic transcriptomes, and gut microbial diversity. These results, alongside the closely aligned changing disease‐associated molecular signatures between the human MASLD and LIDPAD model, affirm the model's relevance and potential for driving therapeutic development.
Automated Scanning Dielectric Microscopy Toolbox for Operando Nanoscale Electrical Characterization of Electrolyte‐Gated Organic Transistors
Authors: Tanwar Shubham , Millan‐Solsona Ruben , Ruiz‐Molina Sara , Mas‐Torrent Marta , Kyndiah Adrica , Gomila Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrolyte‐gated organic transistors (EGOTs) leveraging organic semiconductors' electronic and ionic transport characteristics are the key enablers for many biosensing and bioelectronic applications that can selectively sense, record, and monitor different biological and biochemical processes at the nanoscale and translate them into macroscopic electrical signals. Understanding such transduction mechanisms requires multiscale characterization tools to comprehensively probe local electrical properties and link them with device behavior across various bias points. Here, an automated scanning dielectric microscopy toolbox is demonstrated that performs operando in‐liquid scanning dielectric microscopy measurements on functional EGOTs and carries out extensive data analysis to unravel the evolution of local electrical properties in minute detail. This paper emphasizes critical experimental considerations permitting standardized, accurate, and reproducible data acquisition. The developed approach is validated with EGOTs based on blends of organic small molecule semiconductor and insulating polymer that work as accumulation‐mode field‐effect transistors. Furthermore, the degradation of local electrical characteristics at high gate voltages is probed, which is apparently driven by the destruction of local crystalline order due to undesirable electrochemical swelling of the organic semiconducting material near the source electrode edge. The developed approach paves the way for systematic probing of EGOT‐based technologies for targeted optimization and fundamental understanding.