bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identity alignment on an ESOL class blog
Authors: Simpson James 
Published: December 2012

This paper concerns a multilingual adult learner of English, Shahedah, and her written interaction on the class blog of her English language course. Lesson observations revealed that the pedagogic use of the blog did not enable the development of new learner identity positions for students in Shahedah's class, often cited as an affordance of electronic media in language learning contexts. Moreover conventional classroom hierarchies were reproduced in interaction on the blog. Comprising an analysis of online written discourse, spoken interaction and life history interview, this study examines how blog interaction displays identity alignment – that is, identity positions offered and claimed online align with those in other learning contexts. Shahedah aspires to further study, and the paper points to implications of electronic media for academic literacy.Este artículo concierne una estudiante adulta de inglés, Shahedah, y su interacción escrita en el blog de su curso de inglés. Observaciones de la clase pusieron en manifestó que el uso pedagógico no posibilitaron el desarrollo de posiciones nuevas en la identidad de los estudiantes en la clase de Shahedah, algo citado a menudo como un facilidad de los medios electrónicos en contextos del aprendizaje de idiomas. Además las jerarquías convencionales del aula eran reproducidas en las interacciones el blog. Constatando de un análisis del discurso escrito en línea, la interacción oral y una entrevista biográfica, este trabajo examina como la interacción expone alienación de identidad – es decir, posiciones de identidad que son ofrecidas y reclamas en línea se alienan con esos en otros contextos de aprendizaje. Shahedah aspira a mas estudios, y este artículo señala a implicaciones en habilidades académicas en los medios electrónicos.
Power and pedagogy in ELT: Native‐speaker teachers and the case of bilingual dictionaries and L1
Authors: Mandalios Jane 
Published: December 2012

This interpretive study explored native‐speaker ELT teachers' beliefs and practices regarding bilingual dictionaries, both as language learners and teachers. Evidence emerged of a significant discrepancy: while respondents reported that bilingual dictionaries were indispensable in their own language‐learning, they felt constrained from encouraging their use among their own students because they felt bilingual dictionaries are viewed negatively by current ELT theory, which they perceive as continuing to support the monolingual approach. The study indicates an imbalance of power within ELT, as respondents felt obliged to follow certain pedagogical approaches, which may conflict with their own instincts and experiences. It offers support for recent calls for the reinstatement of the L1, a reappraisal of the role of bilingual dictionaries, and investigation into the distribution of pedagogical power.Cette étude d'interprétation explorait les opinions et expériences d'enseignants en anglais (l'anglais étant leur langue primaire) concernant les dictionnaires bilingues, en tant qu'étudiants et enseignants. Une différence importante est apparue: alors que les participants ont déclaré que les dictionnaires bilingues sont indispensables à leur propre apprentissage des langues, ils se sentaient contraints d'éviter leur utilisation parmi leurs propres étudiants parce qu'ils pensent que les dictionnaires bilingues sont perçus négativement par la théorie actuelle du ELT, une vue qu'ils considèrent comme une continuation à favoriser l'approche monolingue. Cette étude indique un déséquilibre de pouvoir au sein du ELT, car les participants se sentaient obligés de suivre certaines méthodes pédagogiques, qui pouvaient entrer en conflit avec leurs propres instincts et expériences. Ceci offre un soutien aux appels récents pour la réintégration de la méthode L1 (langue primaire), une réévaluation du rôle des dictionnaires bilingues, et une enquête sur la distribution du pouvoir pédagogique.
A Mad Mother and Her Dead Son: The Impact of the Irish Theatre on Modern Korean Theatre
Authors: Hwang Yuh. J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDuring the colonial period (1910–1945), Korean intellectuals introduced Irish artists and their works to the public through newspapers and magazines. Because of the political similarity between Ireland and Korea at that time, these intellectuals considered Ireland as an ideal to emulate. The impact of the Irish dramatic movement on modern Korean theatre was significant, in that it provided a direction for Korean intellectuals involved in establishing modern theatre. One of the most famous modern Korean plays from this period, Yu Ch’ijin’s A Mud Hut was indirectly influenced by Irish playwright Sean O’Casey whose trilogy is based on Dublin’s working class. The work of another Korean playwright, Ham Sedŏk’s Sanhuguri, was indebted to the works of J.M. Synge, whose plays deal with Irish peasants. In their plays, Yu Ch’ijin and Ham Sedŏk depict the miserable lives of some common Korean people as realistically as they can, by imitating the writings of Sean O’Casey and J.M. Synge. The main motif that appears in their works is that of a mad mother and her dead son. In Yu Ch’ijin’s play, this motif is represented by the land as an absent space. In Ham Sedŏk’s play, it is illustrated by the sea as an absolute space of fate. The mother figure in both plays is presented as a languid, defeatist and self‐pitying figure who is confronted by the colonial reality represented by her dead son. Through these images, the future is portrayed as hopeless. This paper attempts to shed a light on a particular strand of modern Korean plays and their emergence under the influence of Irish theatre in the early twentieth century.
The Eighteenth‐Century Print: Tracing the Contours of a Field
Authors: Fordham Douglas , Albright Adrienne 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis essay examines new developments and trends in the study of eighteenth‐century prints, with a particular focus on reproductive engraving, book illustration, fine art etching, and caricature. Recent studies demonstrate an increasingly theoretical engagement with the production and reception of prints and assert the centrality of prints and printmaking to the field of art history. Digital scanning and database technology have dramatically expanded scholarly access to the printed page, posing both opportunities and challenges to the conceptualization of the Enlightenment print.
Timing for Initiation of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in Patients With Septic Shock and Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Shum Hoi‐Ping , Chan King‐Chung , Kwan Ming‐Chit , Yeung Alwin Wai‐Tak , Cheung Emily Wing‐Sze , Yan Wing‐Wa 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe optimal timing for renal replacement therapy initiation in septic acute kidney injury (AKI) remains controversial. This study investigates the impact of early versus late initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on organ dysfunction among patients with septic shock and AKI. Patients were dichotomized into “early” (simplified RIFLE Risk) or “late” (simplified RIFLE Injury or Failure) CRRT initiation. Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 or those on long‐term dialysis were excluded. Organ dysfunction was quantified by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score. From January 2008 to June 2011, 120 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐one (26%) underwent “early” while 89 (74%) had “late” CRRT. No significant difference was noted between groups on improvement of total SOFA/non‐renal SOFA score or noradrenaline equivalent in the first 24 and 48 h after CRRT initiation. Dialysis requirement and mortality (at 28 days, 3 months and 6 months) did not differ. In conclusion, improvement of non‐renal SOFA score 48 h after CRRT correlated with SOFA score on CRRT initiation (P = 0.040) and APACHE IV risk of death (P = 0.000), but not estimated glomerular filtration rate on CRRT initiation (P = 0.377). Improvement of non‐renal SOFA score correlated with SOFA score on CRRT initiation and APACHE IV risk of death. However, this retrospective review cannot identify any significant clinical benefit of early CRRT initiation in patients presenting with septic shock and AKI.
Therapeutic Potential of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Apheresis in the Management of Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Tamura Kouichi , Tsurumi‐Ikeya Yuko , Wakui Hiromichi , Maeda Akinobu , Ohsawa Masato , Azushima Kengo , Kanaoka Tomohiko , Uneda Kazushi , Haku Sona , Azuma Koichi , Mitsuhashi Hiroshi , Tamura Nobuko , Toya Yoshiyuki , Tokita Yasuo , Kokuho Toshiharu , Umemura Satoshi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Patients with CKD are reported to have a significant greater risk of CVD‐associated mortality than that of the general population after stratification for age, gender, race, and the presence or absence of diabetes. CKD itself is also an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and in particular, patients undergoing dialysis typically bear many of the risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and disturbed calcium‐phosphate metabolism, and commonly suffer from severe atherosclerosis, including peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis is a potentially valuable treatment applied to conventional therapy‐resistant hypercholesterolemic patients with coronary artery disease and PAD. Although previous and recent studies have suggested that LDL apheresis exerts beneficial effects on the peripheral circulation in dialysis patients suffering from PAD, probably through a reduction of not only serum lipids but also of inflammatory or coagulatory factors and oxidative stress, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the long‐term effects of LDL apheresis on the improvement of the peripheral circulation remains unclear and warrants further investigation.
Dialyzability and Pharmacokinetics of Sitafloxacin Following Multiple Oral Dosing in Infected Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tsuruoka Shuichi , Yokota Noritsugu , Hayasaka Tokie , Saito Tetsuo , Yamagata Kunihiro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics and dialyzability of oral sitafloxacin, a newly available quinolone, in infected intermittent hemodialysis patients have not been reported previously. Seven infected maintenance hemodialysis patients lacking residual renal function were enrolled. Sitafloxacin (50 mg after hemodialysis on the first day, on the next day and 4 h before scheduled hemodialysis session on the 3rd day) was orally administered. On the 3rd day, blood was taken from arterial and venous sides before and 2 and 4 h after session initiation. Another sampling was performed 1 h after the session and on the 5th day of the study. Pharmacokinetic parameters and dialyzability of sitafloxacin were evaluated. All patients exhibited improved symptoms without major problems. Drug concentrations in all arterial samples were above the MIC of targeted bacteria. Dialyzer clearance and elimination fraction were 49.9 ± 0.9 mL/min per m2 and 53.3 ± 2.1%, respectively. Apparent half‐life during dialysis session was significantly shorter than that after the session (4.0 ± 0.4 and 46.5 ± 3.6 h, during and after the session, respectively). Dialyzer clearance was positively correlated with urea reduction ratio and negatively correlated with serum albumin concentration. About 23% of the drug in the body was removed by dialysis. Rebound of the drug concentration after the dialysis was not seen. Oral dosing of this drug at 50 mg daily in maintenance hemodialysis patients provides a safe drug concentration compatible with that of healthy subjects orally receiving 100 mg daily. Because a significant amount of the drug was removed, administration might be undertaken after the dialysis session.
Size and Shape Tailoring of Titania Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solvothermal Route in Different Solvents
Authors: Roca Roman Alvarez , Leite Edson Roberto 
Published: December 2012

A simple solvothermal low‐temperature synthesis process of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated in different solvents [Octanol (Oc), Ethanolamine (Am) and Terathane (Tr)] with titanium (IV) chloride (TiCl4) as precursor. The samples were characterized by X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). XRD showed the crystallite size ranging from 4 to 12 nm, which were calculated using Debye–Scherrer's equation. The existence of poor or high crystalline anatase phases and high crystalline anatase/rutile mixture was also shown. TEM images displayed variations in the morphological behavior depending on the synthesis condition. Particles of irregular morphology with high irregular agglomeration up to well‐defined particles can be observed, which are self‐assembled by oriented attachment (OA). This self‐assembly led to TiO2 microparticles with 3‐D Wulff shape for anatase and 1‐D shape for rutile. The results showed that the TiO2 nanopowder could be easily engineered and adapted by the solvent type, the TiCl4 concentration and the synthesis time.
Magnetic Properties of Mixed Valence La(AgSr)MnO3 Manganites Obtained by Solid‐State Reaction Method
Authors: Amano M. E. , Betancourt I. , Huerta L. 
Published: December 2012

In this work, we present a systematic study on the effect of monovalent and divalent cation inclusion on the magnetic properties of the manganites series La0.80(Ag1−xSrx)0.20MnO3 (x = 0.0–1.0) synthesized by the solid‐state reaction method. The decreasing Sr:Ag proportion across the compositional series was verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Concerning magnetic properties, the hysteresis curves manifested an initial paramagnetic response at x = 0.0, followed by a progressive ferromagnetic behavior with an optimum Ag:Sr ratio at x = 0.75, for which an enhanced saturation magnetization of 51 Am2/kg and a Curie temperature of 336 K were recorded. Results are explained on the basis of the effect of the increasing unit cell volume on the double exchange interaction between magnetic Mn3+– Mn4+ atoms.
Direct Combustion Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Nanopowder from the Elements
Authors: Mukasyan Alexander S. , Lin Ya‐Cheng , Rogachev Alexander S. , Moskovskikh Dmitry O. 
Published: December 2012

Direct synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) nanopowders (size 50–200 nm, BET ~20 m2/g) in Si–C system is conducted in an inert atmosphere (argon) using a self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) approach. A preliminary short‐term (e.g., minutes) high‐energy ball milling (HEBM) of the initial mixture, which involves pure Si and C powders, is used to enhance system reactivity. Two conditions of HEBM with different force fields (17G and 90G) are applied and the results are compared. The influence of HEBM's conditions on the microstructure of mechanically treated mixtures and combustion products is also investigated and discussed. Obtained results suggest that by changing the intensity of mechanical treatment one may prepare a completely amorphous reactive mixture containing carbon and silicon, or gradually change the ratio of (Si/C)–SiC phases and finally produce pure silicon carbide powder during the milling process. The influence of HEBM on the combustibility of the Si/C mixture possesses a critical character: the self‐sustained reaction becomes feasible only after a critical time of ball milling (i.e., 10 min for 90G; 30 min for 17G). Comparison of the microstructures for as‐milled and as‐synthesized powders reveals that for all investigated conditions the morphologies of the as‐milled reactive Si/C media are essentially the same as that for SiC combustion products. The mechanism for direct synthesis of SiC by combustion reaction is also proposed.
An Evaluation of Multi‐Component Exposure Treatment of Needle Phobia in an Adult with Autism and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wolff Jason J. , Symons Frank J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundFear of medical procedures in general and needles in particular can be a difficult clinical challenge to providing effective health care for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.MethodsA changing criterion design was used to examine graduated exposure treatment for blood‐injury‐injection phobia in an adult male with autism and intellectual disability and a history of medical noncompliance. The additional contributions of differential reinforcement and a safety signal were also evaluated during treatment.ResultsCompliance with needle‐to‐skin contact was achieved by the final criterion phase, and the behavior was maintained on follow‐up. Differential reinforcement and a safety signal added to the quality of treatment but were successfully faded as treatment progressed.ConclusionsAn exposure approach was effective in reducing phobic behavior and may be flexible enough to accommodate component changes and leaner reinforcement schedules applicable to real‐world settings.
Predicting extinction from fossil trajectories of geographical ranges in benthic marine molluscs
Authors: Tietje Melanie , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe geographical ranges of marine taxa wax and wane in a nearly symmetrical fashion over their durations. We use this pattern as well as the age distribution of genera to predict the time of extinction of extant genera of benthic marine molluscs.LocationA global occurrence database (Paleobiology Database) of fossil marine molluscs from the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras was used for this study.MethodsFor the geographical range method, we determined the average trajectories of geographical range size for extinct genera of bivalves and gastropods. The maxima of these trajectories were used as landmarks for predicting the time of extinction for extant genera. Prediction was done by cross‐multiplication, using the time elapsed until the maximum was reached and the position of the landmark. For the duration–frequency method, we calculated the time of extinction based on probabilities derived from the frequency distribution of stratigraphic ranges (durations) of all extinct genera. The accuracy and precision of predictions were tested with extinct genera and then applied to extant genera.ResultsOn average, bivalve and gastropod extinct genera reached their maximum geographical range size at 62% and 50% of their total duration. The accuracy of predictions ranged from −3.1 to 11.0 million years (Myr) for both groups, and the precision ranged from 13.6 to 19.5 Myr. Only a small subset of extant genera was suitable for prediction with the geographical range method, mainly because the geographical ranges of most extant genera are still rising on geological time‐scales. The second method provided a similar prediction quality, but showed a substantial decrease in quality when predicting long‐duration (> 100 Myr) genera.Main conclusionsThe mean probability for an accurate prediction using the geographical range approach is 57% with a precision of ± 15 Myr. Prediction is possible only for genera whose peak geographical range has already elapsed (17% of extant bivalves, 16% of extant gastropods). The duration–frequency approach does not have this prerequisite and is therefore applicable to many more genera, but prediction quality declines with duration. The two methods therefore complement each other and can supplement the various efforts used to estimate extinction risk.
Annual Research Review: What is resilience within the social ecology of human development?
Authors: Ungar Michael , Ghazinour Mehdi , Richter Jörg 
Published: December 2012

Background: The development of Bronfenbrenner’s bio‐social‐ecological systems model of human development parallels advances made to the theory of resilience that progressively moved from a more individual (micro) focus on traits to a multisystemic understanding of person–environment reciprocal processes.Methods: This review uses Bronfenbrenner’s model and Ungar’s social‐ecological interpretation of four decades of research on resilience to discuss the results of a purposeful selection of studies of resilience that have been done in different contexts and cultures.Results: An ecological model of resilience can, and indeed has been shown to help researchers of resilience to conceptualize the child’s social and physical ecologies, from caregivers to neighbourhoods, that account for both proximal and distal factors that predict successful development under adversity. Three principles emerged from this review that inform a bio‐social‐ecological interpretation of resilience: equifinality (there are many proximal processes that can lead to many different, but equally viable, expressions of human development associated with well‐being); differential impact (the nature of the risks children face, their perceptions of the resources available to mitigate those risks and the quality of the resources that are accessible make proximal processes more or less influential to children’s development); and contextual and cultural moderation (different contexts and cultures provide access to different processes associated with resilience as it is defined locally).Conclusion: As this review shows, using this multisystemic social‐ecological theory of resilience can inform a deeper understanding of the processes that contribute to positive development under stress. It can also offer practitioners and policy makers a broader perspective on principles for the design and implementation of effective interventions.
Estimation of climatic favourable areas for locust outbreaks in Spain: integrating species' presence records and spatial information on outbreaks
Authors: Aragón P. , Coca‐Abia M. M. , Llorente V. , Lobo J. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor millennia, locust swarms have recurrently devastated crop productivity across continents. In much of Europe, locust outbreaks have been considerably reduced by human pressure in recent decades, but importantfociof outbreaks still exist in Spain. Distribution models are often used to derive spatial hypotheses and risk maps. Because insufficient information is available to include the extreme plasticity of the solitary and gregarious phases of locusts in large‐scale spatial models, we modelled the distribution either of Acrididae species or of outbreaksper se. Confirmed occurrences ofDociostaurus,CalliptamusandChorthippusspecies were obtained from a field survey complemented by museum collection data and the published literature. The locations of confirmed or potential outbreaks covering two time periods of 20 years each were obtained from the literature and from Spanish autonomous community reports. Models were built with one topographic and eleven climatic predictors. We evaluated the ability of different models to predict outbreak recurrence and found that models based on Moroccan locust data or outbreak occurrence data performed the best. We generated a predictive map of the climatic favourability for locust outbreaks in Spain and found that the majorfociof locust swarms were encompassed by those areas categorized by the models as areas of highest risk. Predictive maps of outbreak favourability can facilitate the more sustainable use of insecticides and more efficient integrated pest management.