bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Access to Acute Stroke Care in the United States
Authors: Adeoye Opeolu , Albright Karen C. , Carr Brendan G. , Wolff Catherine , Mullen Micheal T. , Abruzzo Todd , Ringer Andrew , Khatri Pooja , Branas Charles , Kleindorfer Dawn 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Only 3% to 5% of patients with acute ischemic stroke receive intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) and <1% receive endovascular therapy. We describe access of the US population to all facilities that actually provide intravenous r-tPA or endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke.

Methods—

We used US demographic data and intravenous r-tPA and endovascular therapy rates in the 2011 US Medicare Provider and Analysis Review data set.
International Classification of Diseases
-
Ninth Revision
codes 433.xx, 434.xx and 436 identified acute ischemic stroke cases.
International Classification of Diseases
-
Ninth Revision
code 99.10 defined intravenous r-tPA treatment and
International Classification of Diseases
-
Ninth Revision
code 39.74 defined endovascular therapy. We estimated ambulance response times using arc-Geographic Information System’s network analyst and helicopter transport times using validated models. Population access to care was determined by summing the population contained within travel sheds that could reach capable hospitals within 60 and 120 minutes.

Results—
Of 370 351 acute ischemic stroke primary diagnosis discharges, 14 926 (4%) received intravenous r-tPA and 1889 (0.5%) had endovascular therapy. By ground, 81% of the US population had access to intravenous-capable hospitals within 60 minutes and 56% had access to endovascular-capable hospitals. By air, 97% had access to intravenous-capable hospitals within 60 minutes and 85% had access to endovascular hospitals. Within 120 minutes, 99% of the population had access to both intravenous and endovascular hospitals.

Conclusions—
More than half of the US population has geographic access to hospitals that actually deliver acute stroke care but treatment rates remain low. These data provide a national perspective on acute stroke care and should inform the planning and optimization of stroke systems in the United States.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound for the Evaluation of Neovascularization in Atherosclerotic Carotid Artery Plaques
Authors: Saito Kozue , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Ishibashi-Ueda Hatsue , Watanabe Akihiro , Kannki Hideaki , Iihara Koji 
Published: August 2014

Background and Purpose—
Neovascularization associated with plaque vulnerability, particularly in the plaque shoulder, is susceptible to rupture, causing ischemic events. We aimed to use contrast-enhanced ultrasound to evaluate neovessels in carotid plaques quantitatively, focusing on plaque shoulders.

Methods—
Using contrast-enhanced ultrasound with perflubutane, we analyzed 50 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. We measured enhanced intensity and assessed the correlation between contrast effect and histopathology, comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques.

Results—

Enhanced intensity of the plaque shoulder was associated with neovessel density (
P
<0.01; ρ=0.43). Enhanced intensity of the plaque shoulder was higher in plaques with rupture than in those without (
P
<0.05), and in symptomatic plaques (n=31) than in asymptomatic ones (n=19;
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—
Quantitative evaluation of the contrast effect using contrast-enhanced ultrasound enabled the assessment of neovascularization of plaque shoulders in vivo real time, which may help stratify plaque vulnerability.
Stratiform and Convective Precipitation Observed by Multiple Radars during the DYNAMO/AMIE Experiment
Authors: Deng Min , Kollias Pavlos , Feng Zhe , Zhang Chidong , Long Charles N. , Kalesse Heike , Chandra Arunchandra , Kumar Vickal V. , Protat Alain 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this study, methods of convective/stratiform precipitation classification and surface rain-rate estimation based on the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) cloud radar measurements were developed and evaluated. Simultaneous and collocated observations of the Ka-band ARM zenith radar (KAZR), two scanning precipitation radars [NCAR S-band/Ka-band Dual Polarization, Dual Wavelength Doppler Radar (S-PolKa) and Texas A&M University Shared Mobile Atmospheric Research and Teaching Radar (SMART-R)], and surface precipitation during the Dynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation/ARM MJO Investigation Experiment (DYNAMO/AMIE) field campaign were used. The motivation of this study is to apply the unique long-term ARM cloud radar observations without accompanying precipitation radars to the study of cloud life cycle and precipitation features under different weather and climate regimes. The resulting convective/stratiform classification from KAZR was evaluated against precipitation radars. Precipitation occurrence and classified convective/stratiform rain fractions from KAZR compared favorably to the collocated SMART-R and S-PolKa observations. Both KAZR and S-PolKa radars observed about 5% precipitation occurrence. The convective (stratiform) precipitation fraction is about 18% (82%). Collocated disdrometer observations of two days showed an increased number concentration of small and large raindrops in convective rain relative to dominant small raindrops in stratiform rain. The composite distributions of KAZR reflectivity and Doppler velocity also showed distinct structures for convective and stratiform rain. These evidences indicate that the method produces physically consistent results for the two types of rain. A new KAZR-based, two-parameter [the gradient of accumulative radar reflectivity Ze (GAZ) below 1 km and near-surface Ze] rain-rate estimation procedure was developed for both convective and stratiform rain. This estimate was compared with the exponential Z–R (reflectivity–rain rate) relation. The relative difference between the estimated and surface-measured rainfall rates showed that the two-parameter relation can improve rainfall estimation relative to the Z–R relation.
Impedance as an adjunct to manometric testing to investigate symptoms of dysphagia: What it has failed to do and what it may tell us in the future
Authors: Omari T , Tack J , Rommel N 
Published: August 2014

Dysphagia is a common reason for referral for investigations of oesophageal motility. Impedance measurement has now been incorporated into commercially available diagnostic manometry systems for more than a decade. This innovation, which offered the ability to record patterns of bolus transport without the need for simultaneous radiology, has for the most part failed to live up to expectations, offering few additional diagnostic insights.This review examines the potential pitfalls related to how impedance patterns are currently analysed and introduces and discusses the new concept of pressure‐flow analysis integrating pressure and impedance measurements to derive new metrics linked to the pressures occurring within and around the bolus as it is being transported.
How does lenalidomide target the chronic lymphocytic leukemia microenvironment?
Authors: Kater Arnon P. , Tonino Sanne H. , Egle Alexander , Ramsay Alan G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractImmunotherapy has emerged as a viable clinical strategy to harness endogenous antitumor T-cell immunity. Lenalidomide is an oral immunomodulatory drug that repairs antitumor T-cell function and is showing efficacy in ongoing chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lymphoma clinical trials. This article focuses on advances in our understanding of its mechanism of action in the tumor microenvironment and provides a clinical update in CLL. Challenges associated with this drug and its potential use in the targeted drug treatment era are discussed.
Three-dimensional chiropractor-patient contact loads during side posture lumbar spinal manipulation: a pilot study
Authors: Gudavalli Maruti Ram , Rowell Robert M 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background
Patients with low back pain often seek chiropractic care and more than ninety percent of Chiropractors use lumbar side posture manipulation for the treatment of low back pain. During this procedure chiropractors deliver forces by means of hand contact on the patient in a side lying position. The objective of this pilot study was to report on the three-dimensional forces at the hand contact between the chiropractor and the simulated patient (asymptomatic volunteers) during side posture lumbar high velocity low amplitude adjustments.

Methods
In 2005, two licensed chiropractors delivered spinal manipulations to the lumbar spines of the participants. A three-dimensional force transducer (Model # Mini-45, ATI-Industrial Automation, Apex, North Carolina) was used to measure the three-dimensional loads. The force-time histories were analyzed for preloads, peak loads, duration of thrusts to peak load, duration of thrust for completion, rate of loading, and magnitudes of the three forces and the resultant total force delivered by the chiropractor.

Results
The two chiropractors delivered a total of 14 thrusts to the five asymptomatic volunteers. Normal force (Fz) is the dominating force, followed by inferior-superior force (Fx). The lateral force (Fy) occurred in both directions.

Conclusions
This study reports on the three dimensional load (three forces and the total resultant force) characteristics of chiropractor-patient hand contact while delivering a chiropractic high velocity low amplitude (HVLA) manipulation in a side lying position.
Comparative sequencing analysis reveals high genomic concordance between matched primary and metastatic colorectal cancer lesions
Authors: Brannon A Rose , Vakiani Efsevia , Sylvester Brooke E , Scott Sasinya N , McDermott Gregory , Shah Ronak H , Kania Krishan , Viale Agnes , Oschwald Dayna M , Vacic Vladimir , Emde Anne-Katrin , Cercek Andrea , Yaeger Rona , Kemeny Nancy E , Saltz Leonard B , Shia Jinru , D’Angelica Michael I , Weiser Martin R , Solit David B , Berger Michael F 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States, with over 50,000 deaths estimated in 2014. Molecular profiling for somatic mutations that predict absence of response to anti-EGFR therapy has become standard practice in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer; however, the quantity and type of tissue available for testing is frequently limited. Further, the degree to which the primary tumor is a faithful representation of metastatic disease has been questioned. As next-generation sequencing technology becomes more widely available for clinical use and additional molecularly targeted agents are considered as treatment options in colorectal cancer, it is important to characterize the extent of tumor heterogeneity between primary and metastatic tumors.

Results
We performed deep coverage, targeted next-generation sequencing of 230 key cancer-associated genes for 69 matched primary and metastatic tumors and normal tissue. Mutation profiles were 100% concordant for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF, and were highly concordant for recurrent alterations in colorectal cancer. Additionally, whole genome sequencing of four patient trios did not reveal any additional site-specific targetable alterations.

Conclusions
Colorectal cancer primary tumors and metastases exhibit high genomic concordance. As current clinical practices in colorectal cancer revolve around KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation status, diagnostic sequencing of either primary or metastatic tissue as available is acceptable for most patients. Additionally, consistency between targeted sequencing and whole genome sequencing results suggests that targeted sequencing may be a suitable strategy for clinical diagnostic applications.
Advocacy, education, and the role of not-for-profit organizations in Lewy body dementias
Authors: Taylor Angela , Yardley Cecilia 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLewy body dementias (LBDs) represent a spectrum of dementias that are associated with the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain and that dramatically impact both the person diagnosed and the family caregiver. LBD charities provide education of the public and health-care professionals, emotional support to families, and advocacy to policy-makers on the needs of LBD families and advance research. The US-based Lewy Body Dementia Association and the Lewy Body Society in the UK play an important role in reducing the burden that LBD places on families and society and provide leadership on issues affecting LBD families. Health-care providers are encouraged to refer families upon diagnosis to LBD charities as an additional resource to clinical care.
Audit on outcome of midwife-led gestational diabetes care
Authors: Jones Sooi-Mai , Wilson Claire 
Published: August 2014

The aim was to compare the pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetic women who received midwife-led care to those who received specific treatment from multidisciplinary teams and to determine the progress of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A retrospective audit was used on a cohort of 291 gestational diabetic women at an east London maternity unit. Outcome measures were ethnicity; attendance at the clinics; mode of deliveries; premature birth requiring admission to neonatal unit; macrosomia and diagnosis of T2DM 6 weeks post delivery. The highest proportion of GDM were Bangladeshi (81.7%) and African (7.9%) compared to (4.1%) Caucasian. This is representative of the ethnic group of T2DM in the 2005 Confidential Enquiries into Maternal and Child Health (CEMACH) report. Clinic attendances during the first 6 months were reduced by 50% with significantly shorter waiting times. Sixty-two percent of the women delivered vaginally; 31% by caesarian section and 6% of women had assisted deliveries. Adverse pregnancy outcomes—macrosomic babies (1%, 3/298) and premature babies (4.1%, 13/298) born at 29–35 weeks—were lower in women receiving treatment. Four percent (12/219) women progressed to T2DM at 6 weeks post delivery. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) (2003) do not recommend routine screening. If nothing else, these 4% of women are the same women at risk of unrecognized, undiagnosed and untreated T2DM. CEMACH (2005) data suggested these women have particularly poor outcomes. The evidence of this audit led to the following changes in the diagnostic value for impaired glucose tolerance: the biochemistry value for 2 hours post 75g glucose is now equal to or more than 7.8mmol/L (World Health Organization, 1999; NICE, 2008). The gap identified in the criteria for selective screening is to screen all women from minority ethnic group including South Asian, Middle Eastern, African and Black Caribbean.
Supporting Inclusion Through Technology-Enhanced Knowledge Networks
Authors: Winton Pamela J. , Lim Chih-Ing 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article shares social media strategies for using a particular approach–knowledge networks–to integrate the best available research with family and practitioner wisdom and values in order to develop socially valid, evidence-based products to support the inclusion of young children with disabilities. Three examples are provided to illustrate the application of specific social media tools for developing and supporting knowledge networks. Lessons learned from the examples and implications for how others may use social media to support knowledge networks are discussed.
Students With Deaf-Blindness and Their Families: Service Utilization and Satisfaction
Authors: Kyzar Kathleen B. , Summers Jean Ann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResearch on child- and family-related service needs for families of children with severe disabilities is scant, and the literature regarding the service needs of children/families with deaf-blindness is almost nonexistent. This study examined child and family disability-related service utilization and satisfaction with services from the perspective of a national sample of 227 parents who had a child aged birth through 21 with deaf-blindness. Participants were recruited from state deaf-blind technical assistance projects. We utilized survey research design and descriptive statistics to report results. Friend and family support had the highest ratings of utilization. Education and related services were also highly used, whereas mental health services and intervener services were among services/supports with the lowest rates of use. After-school care also had low rates of utilization and, for participants who reported using the service, satisfaction ratings were low. On average, only three services had satisfaction ratings within the “adequate” range: well-child checks, early intervention, and health provider (for informational purposes). A discussion of the findings in terms of the implications for family support policy, practice, and research is provided.
On a Few of Ann and Rud Turnbull's Many Contributions as Public Intellectuals
Authors: Singer George H. S. , Wang Mian 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article reflects on a few of the major intellectual contributions Ann and Rud Turnbull and their colleagues at the Beach Center on Family and Disability have made to their academic fields and to the wider society. The focus is on some of their key ideas that have been particularly innovative and important in changing the way scholars, policy makers, practitioners, and parents understand families of children with disabilities. The state of affairs in 1960 for a family of a newborn with an intellectual disability is compared to present conditions in order to highlight the extent of the historic shift in how the United States addresses the needs of families of children with disabilities. Four key intellectual contributions by the Turnbulls are discussed, with attention given to the social context in which they were developed and their subsequent impact on family research, policy, and professional practices. The importance of the development of new measurement instruments is emphasized and their value is discussed in both redirecting research and bridging the gap between academic audiences and the families who are meant to benefit from this work.
Geschäftsprozesse und technische Prozesse
Authors: Schüller Andreas , Epple Ulrich , Elger Jürgen , Müller-Martin Andreas , Löwen Ulrich 
Published: August 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel stellen wir ein Ebenenmodell vor, mit dem Prozesse
in Unternehmen strukturiert werden können. Die Trennung zwischen
Prozeduren, ausführenden Einheiten und Prozessen ist in der
Automatisierungstechnik ein verbreitetes Mittel. Dieses Konzept wird
auf Geschäftsprozesse übertragen. Die Modellstruktur führt
zu einer stärkeren Verzahnung zwischen Geschäftsprozessen und
technischen Prozessen, wie sie im Rahmen der Industrie 4.0-Initiative
gefordert wird.
Numerical study of the influence of veneer lathe checks on the elastic mechanical properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) made of beech
Authors: Pot Guillaume , Denaud Louis-Etienne , Collet Robert 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) is a well-known high-performance engineered wood product suitable for structural applications. However, the peeling process can induce lathe checks of the veneer with various depth and spatial frequencies. In this study, a finite element model (FEM) is proposed to describe and to analyze the influence of veneer lathe checks on the elastic properties of LVL. Firstly, the typical lathe check depths and frequencies were determined by means of different compression rates of the pressure bar when peeling. These experimental results served as input to the model to compare the influence of check depth and frequency on the elastic behavior of an LVL beam in four-point bending. The checks were modeled as free spaces in the cross-section that can be partially filled with glue. The results show that the longitudinal modulus of elasticity is marginally affected by checking, while the shear rigidity of the LVL beam is significantly reduced in edgewise bending if checks are not glued. Gluing checks, even under consideration of a low Young’s modulus of glue, highly reduces the effect of checking on the elastic mechanical properties of LVL.
Wood polypropylene composites prepared by thermally modified fibers at two extrusion speeds: mechanical and viscoelastic properties
Authors: Askanian Haroutioun , Verney Vincent , Commereuc Sophie , Guyonnet René , Massardier Valérie 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Composites have been prepared with polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and pine flours, either thermally treated (Wtr) or not (W), as fillers resulting in wood plastic composites (WPCs). The treatment by retification at 280° mainly elevates the hydrophobicity of wood. The WPCs were fabricated with a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with the screw speeds of 500 and 1200 rpm and specimens were prepared by injection molding. Viscoelastic behavior, tensile test and Charpy impact test of Wtr PC were compared with PP and WPC. Wtr PC has a better dispersion and highest tensile modulus. As expected, a decrease in elongation at break and impact strength was observed for all composites. Processing at 1200 rpm improved by 60% the Young modulus of the WPC compared to 500 rpm, whereas 500 rpm was enough to obtain the highest modulus for Wtr PC.
Optimizing Feature Subset and Parameters for Support Vector Machine Using Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Ahuja Jyoti , Ratnoo Saroj 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe well-known classifier support vector machine has many parameters associated with its various kernel functions. The radial basis function kernel, being the most preferred kernel, has two parameters (namely, regularization parameter C and γ) to be optimized. The problem of optimizing these parameter values is called model selection in the literature, and its results strongly influence the performance of the classifier. Another factor that affects the classification performance of a classifier is the feature subset. Both these factors are interdependent and must be dealt with simultaneously. Following the multiobjective definition of feature selection, we have applied a multiobjective genetic algorithm (MOGA), NSGA II, to optimize the feature subset and model parameters simultaneously. Comparison of the proposed approach with the grid algorithm and GA-based method suggests that the MOGA-based approach performs better than the grid algorithm and is as good as the GA-based approach. Moreover, it provides multiple solutions instead of a single solution. The users can prefer one feature subset over the other as per their requirement and available resources.
Yield analysis of copolymers: effect of temperature, feed ratio and initiator concentration on the copolymerization
Authors: Wasnik Hemlata R. , Kelkar Deepali S. , Ganvir Vikrant Y. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Copolymerization of pyrrole and aniline was carried out using chemical methods. The synthesis was carried out at different temperatures for different proportions of the monomers. The monomer reactivity ratios for pyrrole and aniline were calculated as 5.2 and 0.19, respectively, by using the low conversion analysis method. In addition, the same was done for two different concentrations of the initiator. The graphs for percentage conversion were plotted for various combinations of temperature, feed ratio and initiator concentration. Thus, an effort was made to study the impact of various parameters on the process of copolymerization.