bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microshear bond strength evaluation of surface pretreated zirconia ceramics bonded to dentin
Authors: Anand Shenbagakuttalam , Ebenezar Ambrose Vedamanickam Rajesh , Anand Nirupa , Rajkumar Kothandaraman , Mahalaxmi Sekar , Srinivasan Narasimhan 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To comparatively assess the micro shear bond strength (MSBS) of dentin bonded surface pre-treated zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: Zirconia blocks were sectioned into 50 cubical blocks. The blocks were further categorized into five groups (n = 10 each). Group I: No treatment was performed on zirconia samples; Group II: The zirconia samples were sand-blasted; Group III: Group II + etched with 9.8% of hydrofluoric (HF) acid for 60 s; Group IV: The sandblasted zirconia samples were selectively infiltrated with low fusing porcelain; and Group V: Group IV + etched using 9.8% HF acid gel. The zirconia specimens were then bonded to dentin samples, and the samples were tested for MSBS evaluation using universal testing machine. Results: The MSBS of all the four experimental groups shows greater value than group I. Among the experimental groups, group V and group IV do not show any statistical significant difference, whereas the mean MSBS of groups IV and V were statistically greater than group III and group II. However, groups I, II, and III do not show any statistical significant difference in mean MSBS values between them. Conclusion: Selective infiltration etching of zirconia ceramics provides the highest bond strength with resin cement.
The minimum residual root thickness after using ProTaper, RaCe and Gates-Glidden drills: A cone beam computerized tomography study
Authors: Akhlaghi Nahid Mohammadzadeh , Bajgiran Laleh Mohammadian , Naghdi Amirali , Behrooz Elaheh , Khalilak Zohreh 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the minimum residual root thickness (MRRT) of the danger zone after preflaring of the mesio-buccal (MB) canal of mandibular first molars using ProTaper, RaCe and Gates-Glidden (GG) drills as coronal shapers by cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the initial CBCT scans of 75 MB canals of mandibular first molars were provided within 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm of the furcation level. The samples were divided into three groups. The samples of ProTaper and RaCe groups were prepared up to F2 and #25.04 as the master apical file (MAF), respectively. The coronal preparation of the samples in the GG group was done using GG drills #2, #3 and #4 and canals were prepared till MAF # 25. After obtaining the postinstrumentation images, the MRRT and the amount of removed dentin were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA statistical analyses. Results: The GG drills removed significantly more dentin than RaCe at all the sections (P < 0.05) and more than ProTaper at 3 mm from the furcation. Statistically there was no significant difference between ProTaper and RaCe groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in MRRT between the groups (P > 0.05). The mean MRRT was not < 0.75 mm at all sections. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, when an appropriate root thickness is initially present, all of the instruments that were investigated may safely be used as coronal shapers in MB canals of mandibular first molars.
Supports for and Constraints on Comprehensive Musicianship Through Performance-Based Student Teaching
Authors: Berg Margaret H. , Sindberg Laura K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
While Comprehensive Musicianship through Performance (CMP) approaches are often discussed in preservice music education classes, their impact on student teaching remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to describe eight student teachers’ perceptions of the feasibility of implementing CMP in the instrumental ensemble setting. Two questions guided this multiple case study: (a) What aspects of the student teaching experience or context enabled student teacher implementation of CMP-based activities? and (b) What aspects of the student teaching experience constrained student teacher implementation of CMP-based activities? Cooperating teacher modeling of CMP-based teaching and mentoring style, methods course CMP-based activities, and student teacher disposition were factors that enabled some student teachers to implement CMP-based activities. Limited rehearsal time exacerbated by student skill level and performance expectations, multidimensional self concerns coupled with a focus on specific task concerns, cooperating teacher mentoring style, lack of modeling, and conflicting definitions of comprehensive musicianship constrained participants’ use of CMP-based practices. Implications for research and music teacher education are discussed.
Towards an Evaluation-Based Framework of Collaborative Archaeology
Authors: Guilfoyle David R. , Hogg Erin A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCollaborative archaeology is a growing field within the discipline, albeit one that is rarely analyzed. Although collaborative approaches are varied and diverse, we argue that they can all share a single methodological framework. Moreover, we suggest that collaborative archaeology projects can be evaluated to determine the variety among projects and to identify the elements of engaged research. We provide two case studies emphasizing project evaluation: (1) inter-project evaluation of community-engagement in British Columbia archaeology and (2) intra-project evaluation of co-management archaeology projects in Western Australia. The two case studies highlight that project evaluation is possible and that a single framework can be applied to many different types of projects. Collaborative archaeology requires analysis and evaluation to determine what facilitates engagement to further the discipline and to create better connections between archaeologists and community members. The discussed case studies illustrate two shared methods for accomplishing this. The paper argues that collaborative approaches are necessary for advancing archaeological practice.
Micro-Scale Mapping Using Ground-Penetrating
Authors: Sturm Jennie O. , Crown Patricia L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGround-penetrating radar (GPR) has become a common method for mapping archaeological sites in the American Southwest. A less tested use for this method is to survey architectural spaces within larger pueblos to map features that may relate to the function, use, and abandonment of a specific room. In Chaco Canyon, GPR was used in a room (Room 28) within Pueblo Bonito prior to excavation to determine the presence and depth of buried features. Comparison with excavation results provides a means to evaluate how well this method mapped features in this small space. Three categories of features within this room, posts/postholes, entryways, and burned materials, were successfully identified in the GPR maps. By comparing this GPR survey with the subsequent excavation, we determined how GPR reflected these architectural features, allowing us to develop a set of expectations for using this method to identify similar features in other interior pueblo rooms.
The Pocket Penetrometer
Authors: Graesch Anthony P. , Shankel Sarah E. , Schaepe David M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe identification of earthen house floors or living surfaces during archaeological field investigations can be hampered by the scale of excavation, variable fieldworker experiences, and any number of site formation processes. Furthermore, although time- and context-sensitive sampling protocols (e.g., those required of macrobotanical and microartifact data collection) rely on in-the-moment identifications of floors, strong empirical evidence for the presence of house floors often comes well after the field season has concluded. Pocket penetrometers—inexpensive instruments that measure the compaction strength of soil—can lend empirical support to decisions about sampling procedures during onsite investigations. In this study, we present findings from the analysis of 4,463 penetrometer readings recorded during the excavation of residential and non-residential architecture at Welqámex, a Stó:lō-Coast Salish settlement in southwestern British Columbia. We show how pocket penetrometer data reveal quantifiable differences in the compaction of floors and other cultural deposits. We argue that compaction measurements can provide an additional line of data (ratio scale) to affirm or challenge onsite interpretations of stratigraphy based on other tactile and observational data, particularly as such interpretations pertain to surfaces expected to have been exposed to recurrent foot traffic
The impact of advection on stratification and chlorophyll variability in the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Dave Apurva C. , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPreviously reported global‐scale correlations between interannual variability in upper ocean stratification and chlorophyll a (a proxy for phytoplankton biomass) have been shown to be driven by strong associations between the two properties in the central and western equatorial Pacific. Herein, we present evidence that these correlations are not causal but instead result from the advection of heat, salt, and nutrients in the region. Specifically, we demonstrate that stratification and chlorophyll are simultaneously influenced by shifts in the horizontal advective inputs of cold/saline/nutrient‐rich waters from upwelling regions to the east and warm/fresh/nutrient‐poor waters to the west. We find that horizontal advection contributes substantially to the annual surface layer nutrient budget and, together with vertical advection, significantly impacts interannual variability in chlorophyll. These results highlight the importance of a three‐dimensional framework for examining nutrient supply in the upper ocean—a crucial requirement for assessing future marine ecosystem responses to a changing climate.
Temperature impacts on the water year 2014 drought in California
Authors: Shukla Shraddhanand , Safeeq Mohammad , AghaKouchak Amir , Guan Kaiyu , Funk Chris 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCalifornia is experiencing one of the worst droughts on record. We use a hydrological model and risk assessment framework to understand the influence of temperature on the water year (WY) 2014 drought in California and examine the probability that this drought would have been less severe if temperatures resembled the historical climatology. Our results indicate that temperature played an important role in exacerbating the WY 2014 drought severity. We found that if WY 2014 temperatures resembled the 1916–2012 climatology, there would have been at least an 86% chance that winter snow water equivalent and spring‐summer soil moisture and runoff deficits would have been less severe than the observed conditions. We also report that the temperature forecast skill in California for the important seasons of winter and spring is negligible, beyond a lead time of 1 month, which we postulate might hinder skillful drought prediction in California.
Increases in the annual range of soil water storage at northern middle and high latitudes under global warming
Authors: Wu Wen‐Ying , Lan Chia‐Wei , Lo Min‐Hui , Reager John T. , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSoil water storage is a fundamental signal in the land hydrological cycle and changes in soil moisture can affect regional climate. In this study, we used simulations from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archives to investigate changes in the annual range of soil water storage under global warming at northern middle and high latitudes. Results show that future warming could lead to significant declines in snowfall, and a corresponding lack of snowmelt water recharge to the soil, which makes soil water less available during spring and summer. Conversely, more precipitation as rainfall results in higher recharge to soil water during its accumulating season. Thus, the wettest month of soil water gets wetter, and the driest month gets drier, resulting in an increase of the annual range and suggesting that stronger heterogeneity in global water distribution (changing extremes) could occur under global warming; this has implications for water management and water security under a changing climate.
Dispersion Fuels
Authors: Hofman Gerard L. , Kim Yeon Soo 
Published: May 2015

The article contains sections titled:IntroductionConstituent Phases of Fuel CompoundsU–Al Alloy andUAlxUranium OxidesUranium SilicidesU–MoAlloyFabricationProduction of Fuel PowdersFabrication of Fuel Plates, Rods, and TubesPhysical PropertiesFuel Meat Void FractionFuel Meat Density and Constituent Volume FractionsThermal PropertiesHeat CapacityThermal ConductivityU–AlAlloyPowder Metallurgy FuelsCoefficient of Thermal ExpansionMechanical Properties of As‐Fabricated MaterialsChemical PropertiesFuel–AlReactionsReactions at Temperatures below Aluminum MeltingHigh‐Temperature Exothermic ReactionsFuel–Water and Fuel–Steam ReactionsIrradiation BehaviorMechanical Property ChangesFuel–AlReaction under IrradiationInteraction Layer Growth in Silicide/AlDispersionInteraction Layer Growth inU–Mo/AlDispersionFuel SwellingCeramic FuelsIntermetallic Compound FuelSummary of Fuel SwellingBlister Threshold TemperatureFission Product ReleaseFuel Deformation by Creep inU–Mo/AlDispersionAlAlloy Cladding Coolant‐Side CorrosionFuel Failure Behavior
Effective Synthesis of α‐d‐GlcN‐(1→4)‐d‐GlcA/l‐IdoA Glycosidic Linkage under Gold(I) Catalysis
Authors: Li Jiakun , Dai Yuanwei , Li Wei , Laval Stéphane , Xu Peng , Yu Biao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAn effective glycosylation procedure for the stereoselective construction of the α‐d‐GlcN‐(1→4)‐d‐GlcA/l‐IdoA glycosidic linkage found in heparin and heparan sulfate is reported. The condensation occurs between 2‐deoxy‐2‐azido‐d‐glucopyranosyl (d‐GlcN) ortho‐hexynylbenzoate donors and uronate acceptors (d‐GlcA/l‐IdoA) under mild gold(I)‐catalyzed conditions. Optimal results are obtained when performing the reaction in CH2Cl2, from −72 °C to room temperature in the presence of 4 Å molecular sieves and under the promotion of [Ph3PAuCl]/AgOTf or [(1,1‐bis‐(diphenylphosphino)methane)(AuCl)2]/AgOTf as a source of the gold(I) catalyst. A donor/acceptor ratio of 3:1 as well as a loading of 0.6 equivalents of the gold(I) catalyst are essential to attain high yields and α selectivity, particularly for the [1+1] and [1+2] glycosylations.
Predictive spatial modelling of seasonal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) distributions in the Mississippi Sound
Authors: Pitchford Jonathan L. , Howard Victoria A. , Shelley Jamie K. , Serafin Billie J. S. , Coleman Andrew T. , Solangi Moby 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Spatial distribution models (SDMs) have been useful for improving management of species of concern in many areas. This study was designed to model the spatial distribution of bottlenose dolphins among seasons of the year in the Mississippi Sound within the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Models were constructed by integrating presence locations of dolphins acquired from line‐transect sampling from 2011–2013 with maps of environmental conditions for the region to generate a likelihood of dolphin occurrence for winter (January–March), spring (April–June), summer (July–September), and autumn (October–December) using maximum entropy.
Models were successfully generated using the program MaxEnt and had high predictive capacity for all seasons (AUC (area under curve) > 0.8). Distinct seasonal shifts in spatial distribution were evident including increased predicted occurrence in deepwater habitats during the winter, limited predicted occurrence in the western Mississippi Sound in winter and spring, widespread predicted occurrence over the entire region during summer, and a distinct westward shift of predicted occurrence in autumn.
The most important environmental predictors used in SDMs were distance to shore, salinity, and nitrates, but variable importance differed considerably among seasons.
Geographic shifts in predicted occurrence probably reflect both direct effects of changing environmental conditions and subsequent changes in prey availability and foraging efficiency.
Overall, seasonal models helped to identify preferred habitats for dolphins among seasons of the year and can be used to inform management of this protected species in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the population viability of a threatened amphibian with a fast life‐history
Authors: Pickett Evan J. , Stockwell Michelle P. , Clulow John , Mahony Michael J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

A bias in conservation research has meant that population viability analysis has focused primarily on mammals and birds with slow life histories. The global amphibian decline has demonstrated the capacity for fast life‐history species to experience decline. However, little is known about the viability of remnant populations of these species as patterns of decline cannot be inferred from other species with different life‐history strategies.
Population viability analysis was performed on the threatened frog, Litoria aurea, which exhibits high temporal variability in population size due to its fast life‐history traits.
Projections of population size from the viability model were highly variable, and removing parametric uncertainty only slightly improved overall model certainty, thus demonstrating the limits of population viability analysis for predicting abundance in fast life‐history species. Sensitivity analysis identified recruitment of adults, female survival, male survival and rate of maturity as having the most impact on population viability.
This population viability model provides a starting point to incorporate future research findings and better elucidate the causes of local extinction in this species.
This study also reinforces the importance of egg–juvenile survival for amphibian populations, but also exemplifies the variability of amphibian viability analyses for identifying important parameters. As a case study for amphibian conservation, this analysis shows the utility of population viability analyses for fast life‐history species, even with incomplete knowledge of all life‐history stages.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical coherence tomography assessment of the mechanistic effects of rotational and orbital atherectomy in severely calcified coronary lesions
Authors: Kini Annapoorna S. , Vengrenyuk Yuliya , Pena Jacobo , Motoyama Sadako , Feig Jonathan E. , Meelu Omar A. , Rajamanickam Anitha , Bhat Arjun M. , Panwar Sadik , Baber Usman , Sharma Samin K. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThis study sought to assess the mechanistic effect of rotational atherectomy (RA) and orbital atherectomy (OA) on heavily calcified coronary lesions and subsequent stent placement using optical coherence tomography (OCT).BackgroundRA and OA are two main approaches to ablate coronary calcium. While small case reports have described the mechanistic effect of RA in calcified coronary lesions, there has been no imaging study to assess the effect of OA on coronary artery architecture and/or compare the effects of two atherectomy devices.MethodsThis study analyzed 20 consecutive patients with OCT imaging performed after atherectomy and after stent implantation, RA (n = 10) and OA (n = 10).ResultsPostatherectomy OCT analysis identified tissue modification with deep dissections in around a third of lesions after RA and OA; however, post OA dissections (“lacunae”) were significantly deeper (1.14 vs. 0.82 mm, P = 0.048). Post OA/RA lesions with dissections had significantly higher percentage of lipid rich plaques and smaller calcification arcs as compared to plaques without dissections. Stents after OA were associated with a significantly lower percent of stent strut malapposition than post RA stents (4.36 vs. 8.02%, P = 0.038).ConclusionsAlthough the incidence of dissections was comparable between RA and OA cases, OA resulted in deeper tissue modifications (lacunae) as shown by OCT imaging. The finding might provide an explanation for a better stent apposition after OA as compared to RA. Their impact on long‐term outcome needs to be determined. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance Comparison of Trisection Helical Baffle Heat Exchangers with Different Circumferential Overlap Sizes
Authors: Dong Cong , Chen Ya‐Ping , Wu Jia‐Feng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe circumferential overlap structure is considered as one of the key factors which influence the performances of helical baffle heat exchangers by restraining the bypass stream between adjacent baffles. The flow and thermal performances of four trisection helical baffle heat exchangers with the same angle of inclination but different circumferential overlap sizes were numerically investigated. The four schemes involve an end‐to‐end one and three circumferential overlap ones with triangular area covering one row (20°TCO), two rows (20°T2CO), and three rows (20°T3CO) of tubes. The flow field and combined slices with pressure contours plus velocity vectors were depicted. The 20°TCO scheme proved to be superior to other schemes since its Nusselt number as well as its comprehensive index are the highest and its secondary flow is the strongest.
Supramolecular Columnar Liquid Crystals Formed by Hydrogen Bonding between a Clicked Star‐Shaped s‐Triazine and Benzoic Acids
Authors: Feringán Beatriz , Romero Pilar , Serrano José Luis , Giménez Raquel , Sierra Teresa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA star‐shaped tris(triazolyl)triazine is shown to establish hydrogen‐bond interactions with polycatenar benzoic acids. The formation of hydrogen‐bonded triazine/acid complexes has been demonstrated both in solution and in bulk by different techniques. The complexes, mainly formed by nonmesogenic components, all show enantiotropic hexagonal columnar mesomorphism, which relies on the formation of hydrogen‐bond complexes in a triazine/acid ratio of 1:3. This approach combines the straightforward synthesis of a nonmesomorphic triazine core by click chemistry, and the preparation of a supramolecular complex, providing a much more convenient route than covalent synthesis to modify the periphery of triazine discotics and thus to modulate their functionality.
Organizing a precarious black box: An actor‐network account of the Atlantic Schools of Business, 1980–2006
Authors: MacNeil Ryan T. , Mills Albert J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThere is a growing use of actor‐network theory (ANT) throughout management and organization studies. While earlier ANT research used ethnography to “follow the actors” in the production of organization/knowledge, more recent studies use archival sources to examine developments over time. We extend the latter approach using qualitative social network analysis (SNA) and apply this to a case study of the Atlantic Schools of Business (ASB). Our contribution is two‐fold: first, through an examination of actors in the ASB networking processes over 26 years, we demonstrate how the seemingly stable surface of an organization can hide the precariousness of organizing; second, we reveal the potential fusion of ANT with SNA as a method for dealing with large qualitative datasets over long periods of time. Copyright © 2015 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.