bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Truncated‐Flt1 Isoform of Breast Cancer Cells Is Upregulated by Notch and Downregulated by Retinoic Acid
Authors: Mezquita Belén , Mezquita Jovita , Barrot Carme , Carvajal Silvia , Pau Montserrat , Mezquita Pau , Mezquita Cristóbal 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe have previously reported that the major isoform of Flt1/VEGFR‐1 expressed in MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells was a truncated intracellular isoform transcribed from intron 21 (i21Flt1). This isoform upregulated the active form of Src and increased breast cancer cell invasiveness. Since expression of the transmembrane and soluble Flt1 isoforms of HUVEC is activated by Notch signaling, we wondered whether the expression of the intracellular isoform i21Flt1 was also dependent on Notch activation. We report here that the expression of i21Flt1 in HUVEC and MDA‐MB‐231 cells is downregulated by the γ‐secretase inhibitor DAPT. In addition, treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 cells with siRNA specific for Notch‐1 and Notch‐3 downregulates the expression of i21Flt1. In agreement with these findings, HUVEC and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, cultured on dishes coated with recombinant human Dll4 extracellular domain, express higher levels of i21Flt1. In cancer cells, Flt1 is a target of the micro RNA family miR‐200. In MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, the truncated intracellular isoform i21Flt1 is also negatively regulated by miR‐200c. Retinoic acid interferes i21Flt1 expression by downregulating Notch‐3 and upregulating miR‐200 expression. Treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells with both a γ‐secretase inhibitor and retinoic acid suppresses the expression of i21Flt1, providing a new mechanism to explain the effectiveness of this therapeutic approach. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 52–61, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Total Factor Productivity, Pollution and ‘Green’ Economic Growth in China
Authors: Jiang Yanqing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the linkage between China's output growth and its pollution emissions. We find that growth of total factor productivity in the Chinese provinces over the period of 1997–2011 was accompanied by increasing pollution emissions. Our study shows that over this period, a significant part of China's output growth previously attributed to total factor productivity growth is actually due to increasing environmental inputs. On the basis of the general ideas of the green Solow model and our empirical analyses, long‐run green sustainable growth in China would be unachievable under current conditions of pollution abatement efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shape‐controlled nanocrystal γ‐MnO2: Preparation and electrochemical features
Authors: Ma Pei‐Pei , Du Jie , He Zhan‐Bing , Xing Xiang‐Ying , Ren Tie‐Zhen 
Published: July 2013

The shape‐controlled star‐like and rod‐like γ‐MnO2 nanocrystals are prepared by vitriolization of synthesized manganese oxides with the adjustment of the molar ratio of Mn precursors in the ammonia solution. The properties of the product, γ‐MnO2, are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, etc. The prepared rod‐like γ‐MnO2 nanocrystals have a high surface area of 129 cm2 g−1. Charge/discharge tests of the obtained nanorods particle shows a capacitance of 218 F g−1 but with a high capacitance of 261 F g−1 at the first cycle. The star‐like nanoparticles show a better stability with less capacitance loss. The scheme of the phase transition of the manganese oxides.
Imidazolium salts with varying anions as charge carriers for detection of neutral bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Walton Barbara L. , Joshi Ubisha , Dzyuba Sergei V. , Youngblood W. Justin , Verbeck Guido F. 
Published: July 2013

RATIONALEWhile electrospray ionization is a popular technique for mass analysis, without a charged species it is ineffective. This coupled with solvent restrictions hinders the analysis of organometallic complexes. Detecting neutral species whose solubility is limited to nonconventional solvents is a problemthat can be overcome with the right charge carrier, which is described in this study.METHODSIonic liquids were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray ionization quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The neutral palladium complex was also analyzed using different imidazolium salts as the charge carrier with the same method and instrumentation. Theoretical complementswere also performed using Gaussian 09 at the density functional theory levels, using B3LYP functionals and the 6‐31 g (d,p) basis set for geometry optimizations.RESULTSLow concentration imidazolium salts in methanol showed aggregation behavior of the ionic liquid, where the cation peak and [cation]n+1[anion]n peaks were observed in positive mode, while the [cation]n[anion]n+1 peaks were seen in negative mode. The unbound anion was observed in all the negative mode spectra except for the salt with the SCN anion when in THF. Solutions of PdCl2(PPh3)2 and a small amount of ionic liquid in THF showed the palladium complex adducted with the imidazolium cation for each of the ionic liquids studied.CONCLUSIONSA charge carrier for a neutral organometallic complex was found in imidazolium salts, where the cation was observed as the ionizing agent. Differing ion intensities of the complex‐adduct peak resulted from the anions ability to dissociate from the cation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of personality, family influences, and prosocial risk‐taking behavior on substance use in early adolescence
Authors: Wood Andrew P. , Dawe Sharon , Gullo Matthew J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTImpulsivity is clearly associated with adolescent substance use. However, contemporary models of impulsivity argue against a unitary construct and propose at least two potential facets of impulsivity: reward drive and disinhibition. This study investigated the mediating role of prosocial risk‐taking in the association between these two facets of impulsivity, family environment, and substance use in Grade 8 students, age 12–14 years (N = 969). For girls, traits related to disinhibition referred to as rash impulsivity were directly associated with greater substance use and, unexpectedly, reward drive was indirectly associated with greater substance use through participation in physical‐risk activities, which itself predicted greater use. For boys, participation in physical‐risk activities was the only direct predictor of substance use and, as in girls, reward drive conveyed indirect risk through this pathway. Family environment, reward drive, and rash impulsivity were associated with participation in performance‐risk activities, and prosocial behavior more generally, but neither of these hypothesized mediators was related to substance use.
CHALLENGING THESTATUS QUO: YOUNG WOMEN AND MEN IN BLACK CONSCIOUSNESS COMMUNITY WORK, 1970s SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Hadfield Leslie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractYoung activists who took part in South Africa's Black Consciousness movement challenged the apartheidstatus quowith their bold calls for black psychological liberation. This article uses new evidence to elucidate the work these youthful activists did in health and economic projects in the rural Eastern Cape that, in part, upheld certain customs. The article also brings young professional women into the history of African youth, arguing that the involvement of professional black female activists changed the way activists and villagers perceived the abilities and roles of young black women.
A NOTE ON VANSINA'S INVENTION OF MATRILINEARITY
Authors: MACGAFFEY WYATT 
Published: July 2013

AbstractJan Vansina's Paths in the Rainforests (1990) provides an instructive example of progress in overcoming the continuing burden of nineteenth-century evolutionary theory in studies of precolonial Africa in both historiography and anthropology. This article focuses on a critical section of the book, which outlines social evolution and ‘the invention of matrilinearity’ in the area around the lower Congo, showing both the strengths and the weaknesses of Vansina's approach.
Domestic Courts as Agents of Development of the International Law of Jurisdiction
Authors: O'KEEFE ROGER 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe role of domestic courts in the development of the international law of jurisdiction is less direct and less important than might be supposed. As a manifestation of the practice and opinio juris of the forum state, domestic judicial decisions take a back seat to legislation and, like legislation, represent the position of a single state alone. The more influential part that domestic judicial decisions and, indeed, proceedings can play in the evolution of the international rules on jurisdiction is as triggers both for reactive practice on the part of other states and for international litigation. Domestic decisions can also shape international law when looked to by foreign courts as persuasive judicial authority.
Silent Enim Leges Inter Arma– but Beware the Background Noise: Domestic Courts as Agents of Development of the Law on the Conduct of Hostilities
Authors: RONEN YAËL 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article highlights the challenges to the operation of domestic courts as agents of development of the laws of armed conflict and particularly of the law on the conduct of hostilities. The first part of the article concerns the spillover from various branches of the laws of armed conflict to the law regarding the conduct of hostilities. The second part of the article addresses the structural constraints on domestic courts in deciding issues relating to the laws of armed conflict, focusing on the conflict between their role as guardians of national interests and their judicial commitment to protecting the individual. The cumulative effect of these characteristics of domestic litigation suggests that the laws of armed conflict, and particularly the law on the conduct of hostilities, are not necessarily well served by development through domestic jurisprudence.
Effect of cholesterol nanodomains on monolayer morphology and dynamics
Authors: Kim KyuHan , Choi Siyoung Q. , Zell Zachary A. , Squires Todd M. , Zasadzinski Joseph A. 
Published: July 2013

Significance
Replacement lung surfactants have dramatically reduced premature infant mortality owing to respiratory distress syndrome. However, clinical lung surfactant varies widely in composition, and even the existence of cholesterol in native lung surfactants remains controversial. Improving replacement surfactants will require an understanding of each molecular component’s role in a film’s static and dynamic properties. Here, we show that small cholesterol fractions reduce the viscosity of model lung surfactant interfaces by orders of magnitude while leaving compressibility and collapse unchanged, offering control over surfactant spreadability. Lipid–cholesterol nanodomain complexes are observed, which act as line-active sources of free area to reduce surface viscosity.
Hypolipidemic and Body Fat–Lowering Effects of Giant Embryo Brown Rice (Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami) in High‐Fat‐Fed Mice
Authors: Chung Soo Im , Rico Catherine W. , Lee Sang Chul , Kang Mi Young 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe effects of giant embryo brown rice Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami, in comparison with that of ordinary normal brown rice, on the body weight and lipid profile in mice under a high‐fat diet condition were investigated. The animals were fed with experimental diets for eight weeks: normal control, high fat (HF), and high fat supplemented with normal brown rice, Seonong 17 rice, or Keunnunjami rice powder. Their body and fat weights, lipid profiles, lipogenic enzyme activities, and adipokine concentrations were determined. Significant differences between the animal groups were analyzed with Tukey's test (P < 0.05). A marked increase in the body weight and fat, plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, and free fatty acid level were found in HF mice relative to the control group. On the other hand, diet supplementation with rice, particularly the giant embryo rice samples, significantly suppressed this high‐fat‐induced body weight gain and hyperlipidemia via regulation of lipogenesis and adipokine production. Both the Seonong 17 and Keunnunjami exhibited greater hypolipidemic and body fat–lowering effects than the normal brown rice. The results demonstrate that these giant embryo mutants may be beneficial as biomaterials for functional foods with antiobesity and hypolipidemic effects.
Sawadaea tulasnei Powdery Mildew of Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) in Oregon
Authors: Stanosz G. , Smith D. 
Published: July 2013

In August 2012, Norway maple ‘Crimson Century’ trees affected by powdery mildew were observed in Portland, OR. A majority of leaves throughout the crowns on each of the five trees planted in the street terrace on one side of a single city block were affected. White mycelium was present in irregular, discrete, scattered spots or almost continuously on the upper surfaces of leaves and also was present on some petioles. The affected area of the upper surface of leaf blades was estimated to typically be >50%. Chasmothecia were present singly or in groups on the mycelium, and bore simple and bifid appendages (originating from the upper half of the chasmothecia) including some with uncinate or circinate apices that allowed tentative identification to the genus Sawadaea (1). Mean diameter of the chasmothecia was 160 (standard error [SE] = 3.9) μm, and mean appendage length was 72 (SE = 4.9) μm. Asci averaged 77 (SE = 1.2) × 52 (SE = 1.2) μm and ascospores averaged 24 (SE = 0.4) × 12 (SE = 0.3) μm. Braun (1) reported ranges in dimensions of these features as: chasmothecia, (min. 125) 140 to 190 μm; appendages, 40 to 80 μm; asci, 60 to 80 (max. 100) × (min. 30) 35 to 50 (max. 55) μm; and ascospores 15 to 25 (max. 30) × 10 to 15 μm. Nuclear rDNA sequence data was obtained for ITS1, 5.8S, and ITS2 regions using primers PMITS1 and PMITS2. A BLASTn search revealed that the data (430 bp) obtained (GenBank Accession No. KF258718) exactly matched respective sequences of Sawadaea tulasnei (AB193363, AB193385, AB193390, AB193391, and EU247884), and differed from respective sequence data for S. bicornis (AB193380) by 22 nucleotides. S. tulasnei is a European species previously found on maples including Acer platanoides. However, this pathogen has been reported only rarely in North America in the states of New York, Ohio, and Wisconsin, and the province of Quebec (2,3,4). Although not likely to seriously affect the growth or survival of established trees, severe powdery mildew can detract from the aesthetic value of trees. Further, S. tulasnei might seriously damage small seedlings, and detection of this exotic pathogen in nurseries should restrict movement of stock. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. tulasnei in western North America, and it indicates the distribution of this pathogen is transcontinental. Specimens have been deposited in the U.S. National Fungus Collections (BPI 892675). References (1) U. Braun. The Powdery Mildews (Erysiphales) of Europe. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena-Stuttgart-New York, 1995. (2) S. Hirose, et al. Mycol. Res. 109:912, 2005. (3) B. Hudelson, et al. Plant Dis. 92:485, 2008. (4) J. Weiland and G. Stanosz. Plant Dis. 90:830, 2006.
First Report of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa from the Sedge Trichophorum cespitosum in Eastern Canada, Which Causes Dollar Spot Disease on Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis but not on Agrostis stolonifera
Authors: Hsiang T. , Shi F. , Darbyson A. 
Published: July 2013

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa is a fungal pathogen that causes dollar spot disease on more than 40 plant species, mostly in the family Poaceae (1), and is considered the most widespread pathogen of golf course turfgrasses in the St. Lawrence River Region. In June 2011, lesions were observed on tufted bulrush, Trichophorum cespitosum (Poales, Cyperaceae), on the sea shore near Peggys Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada. Single bunches had up to 40% of the leaves affected. The foliar symptoms resembled large hourglass lesions, up to 5 cm long, with a straw colored portion capped at two ends by dark zone lines on surrounding green foliar tissue. Leaf segments were taken, surface sterilized, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 days of incubation at room temperature, white fluffy mycelia covered the entire petri dish. Brown columnar structures formed in the colony centers after 7 days and cultures became cinnamon colored after 14 days. Dark brown or black substratal stroma were formed on or in the agar, and cultures appeared dark brown from the bottom. DNA was extracted and amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (2), and the amplicon sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KF447776). The sequence showed a top match of 522/524 bp identity with the ITS of an isolate of S. homoeocarpa, with the next 40 top matches also identified as S. homoeocarpa. Two-week-old seedlings of Agrostis stolonifera cv. Penncross, Poa pratensis cv. Touchdown, and Lolium perenne cv. Express were inoculated by placing 5-mm-diameter mycelial plugs from 5-day-old PDA cultures onto the leaves of plants grown in small containers, and incubating under enclosed humid conditions throughout the test. White aerial hyphae on the leaves and straw-colored leaf lesions were observed by 7 days after inoculation on P. pratensis and L. perenne, but no lesions or hyphal growth were observed on A. stolonifera. No signs or symptoms were observed on leaves where sterile agar plugs were used as inoculum. These tests were repeated three times with the same results, and a positive control was included by using an S. homoeocarpa isolate known to be pathogenic to A. stolonifera under the same test conditions. Disease was observed on A. stolonifera with the control isolate. S. homoeocarpa was re-isolated from the lesions on P. pratensis and L. perenne to satisfy Koch's postulates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of S. homoeocarpa on T. cespitosum worldwide, an isolate that was found to cause disease on P. pratensis and L. perenne, but was not pathogenic to A. stolonifera in vitro. The original host was not used in pathogenicity tests because it is considered an endangered species in many locations. References: (1) B. Walsh et al. HortScience 34:13, 1999. (2) T. J. White et al. PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications 18:315, 1990.
Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and Islam
Authors: Chester David K. , Duncan Angus M. , Al Ghasyah Dhanhani Hamdan 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis research aims to examine the extent to which eruptions and earthquakes are explained using religious terms of reference within Islamic countries, and those where Muslims constitute a significant minority. Is the notion that disasters represent divine punishment so pervasive that the only reaction for the devout believer is passive acceptance of suffering or, alternatively, is the innovation of policies of disaster reduction acceptable theologically?Design/methodology/approachInformation is derived from: bibliographic sources; archives; questionnaires; and interviews.FindingsThere is a distinctive theological perception of natural disasters within Islamic thought. Although the inhabitants of Islamic countries may explain earthquake and eruption losses in religious terms, there is little evidence to suggest that this inhibits the introduction of programmes of planned loss reduction. Relief is a generally acceptable response for both aid donors and recipients.Research limitations/implicationsThe impact of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes is not as well researched as those occurring in countries with a Christian ethos. Generalizations have had to be made from a more limited set of examples. More detailed research is required both within the countries affected and in the languages used in hazard‐exposed Islamic states (e.g. Arabic, Urdu and Farsi).Practical implicationsIntroduction of programmes of hazard reduction is generally possible in Islamic countries, but requires theological justification.Originality/valueIn comparison with the study of earthquake and eruption impacts in countries with a Christian ethos, little has been published on disasters and Islam.
Energy status in Qatar
Authors: Darwish Mohamed Ali 
Published: July 2013

PurposeNatural gas (NG) consumption is increasing at an alarming rate, and more than 50 percent of this gas is used in generating electric power (EP) and desalted seawater (DW) in what is called cogeneration power desalting plants (CPDP). In this context, the purpose of this paper is to study the energy status in Qatar. More specifically, Qatar energy supply side is studied through the CPDP. In an effort to decrease the energy consumption by raising the efficiency of the CPDP (at the supply side), and conserving energy at the demand side, primarily energy footprint is performed.Design/methodology/approachThe status of CPDP, in terms of the type, capacity, fuel consumption is studied, and measures that should be taken to improve their performance and reduce their consumed fuel are presented.FindingsStudy of the EP and DW sector showed that the fuel consumed in the CPDP can be reduced substantially by converting the simple gas turbine cycle to combined cycle to raise its efficiency from 30 percent to up to 50 percent. On the demand side, it was shown that air conditioning (AC) of buildings consumes about two‐third of the summer peak load; and about half of the annual EP output. So, measures to decrease the AC cooling load are suggested by implementing building code to decrease the consumed energy in buildings.Originality/valueData on the NG and oil proven reserve, production, and consumption are limited and scattered. It is necessary to have a clear picture of Qatar showing the flow of energy supply, demand, consumption, and losses in certain sectors to know where energy can be conserved; and this paper is the first trial in that direction. Although prime energy looks abundant today, it can be consumed locally within few decades if consumption is not controlled.
Diadenosine polyphosphates after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy refractive techniques
Authors: Carracedo Gonzalo , Cacho Isabel , Sanchez‐Naves Juan , Pintor Jesus 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.Purpose:  To study the concentrations of diadenosine polyphosphates in the ocular surface after PRK and LASIK.Methods:  Sixty‐one patients (30 males and 31 females) with ages ranging from 20 to 63 (34.04 ± 9.13 years) were recruited in Balear Institute of Ophthalmology, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. LASIK was performed in 92 eyes of 46 patients and PRK in 25 eyes of 15 patients. Variations in the levels of diadenosine polyphosphate (Ap4A and Ap5A), Schirmer I (Jones test), TBUT, corneal staining together with the Dry Eye Questionnaire to evaluate discomfort and dryness were studied. All tests were performed at the preoperative visit and at 1‐day, 2‐week, 1‐month and 3‐month postoperative visits.Results:  Ap4A showed a 5 and 3.5 fold increase at the 1‐day visit for LASIK and PRK, respectively. LASIK patients continued having higher statistically significant concentrations (p = 0.01) all over the follow‐up. Ap5A showed no significant differences at any visit. Tear volume decreased during the 3 months in LASIK. The PRK cases had a normal volume at 1 month. TBUT in LASIK increased at the 1‐day visit (p = 0,002) and decreased from the 2 weeks onwards and for the PRK, decreased by a 35% at the 1‐day visit and kept reduced for a month. Discomfort only increased at the 1‐day visit (p = 0.007). Dryness frequency was similar in all visits.Conclusions:  Ap4A levels only are increased in refractive surgery patients during the first day after the surgery. This increasing suggests that Ap4A may help accelerating the healing process.