bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety of Anti‐TNF Therapies in Immune‐Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Infections and Malignancy
Authors: Pereira Rui , Lago Paula , Faria Raquel , Torres Tiago 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The efficacy of anti‐TNF agents in the treatment of multiple immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) has increased their daily use. However, concerns remain regarding their long‐term safety profile. Using a literature‐based review of the infectious and malignant complications of anti‐TNF biologics in IMIDs including psoriasis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, this review presents current evidence relative to the safety of anti‐TNF agents in the context infections and malignancy in adults with IMIDs. Treatment with anti‐TNF biologics is an effective treatment option with known risks that can be mitigated by appreciating the safety aspects and via a thorough screening and continuous monitoring of the patient. Drug Dev Res 76 : 419–427, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frailty and geography: should these two factors be added to the ABCDE contemporary guide to diabetes therapy?
Authors: Maddaloni Ernesto , D'Onofrio Luca , Pozzilli Paolo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOn the road towards personalized treatments for type 2 diabetes, we suggest here that two parameters could be added to the ABCDE algorithm, ‘F’ for frailty and ‘G’ for geography. Indeed, the progressive ageing of population is causing a simultaneous increase of frailty worldwide. The identification of the optimal therapeutic approach is often difficult in frail subjects because of the complexity of ‘frailty syndrome’. Nevertheless, given the relevance of diabetes in the development and progression of frailty, a safe and effective cure of diabetes is extremely important to guarantee a good medical outcome. There are few data about diabetes treatment in this delicate category of patients, and the choice of the appropriate therapy mostly remains a challenge. Moreover, type 2 diabetes affects more than 382 million people of different countries, races and ethnicities. To face the lack of solid evidence‐based medicine for the treatment of diabetes in different ethnic groups, it is extremely important to increase knowledge about the different pathophysiology of diabetes according to ethnicity. In this way, a tailored approach to treatment of various ethnic groups living in the same or different regions can eventually be developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to sexism can decrease implicit gender stereotype bias
Authors: Ramos Miguel R. , Barreto Manuela , Ellemers Naomi , Moya Miguel , Ferreira Lúcia , Calanchini Jimmy 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo studies examined the effect of exposure to sexism on implicit gender bias, focusing specifically on stereotypes of men as competent and women as warm. Male and female participants were exposed to sexism or no sexism. In both Experiment 1 (Implicit Association Task; N = 115) and Experiment 2 (Go/No‐go Association Task; N = 167), women who had been exposed to sexist beliefs demonstrated less implicit gender stereotype bias relative to women who were not exposed to sexism. In contrast, exposure to sexism did not influence men's implicit gender stereotype bias. In Experiment 2, process modelling revealed that women's reduction in bias in response to sexism was related to increased accuracy orientation and a tendency to make warmth versus competence judgments. The implications of these findings for current understandings of sexism and its effects on gender stereotypes are discussed.
Highly Sensitive and Simultaneous Detection of Hydroquinone and Catechol Using Poly(mercaptoacetic acid)/Exfoliated Graphene Composite Film‐modified Electrode
Authors: Fu Ju , Tan Xiaohong , Shi Zhen , Song Xinjian , Zhang Shenghui 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGraphene nanosheets were facilely prepared through one‐step liquid‐phase exfoliation of graphite powder in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) with the assistance of sodium citrate, and then employed to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via solvent evaporation. Subsequently, mercaptoacetic acid (MA) was electrodeposited onto the surface of exfoliated graphene‐modified GCE (EG/GCE) to construct a composite film‐modified electrode (pMA/EG/GCE). The electrochemical behaviors of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) were studied. It was found that the oxidation peak currents of HQ and CC increased obviously on the surface of EG/GCE and pMA/GCE, compared with those on bare GCE. However, the oxidation signals of HQ and CC further enhanced greatly on the surface of pMA/EG/GCE, showing strong synergetic enhancement effects. As a result, a highly sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of HQ and CC. The linear range was from 0.1 to 100 μmol L−1, and the detection limits were 85 and 80 nmol L−1 for HQ and CC (S/N=3).
Hydrological modelling, process understanding and uncertainty in a southern African context: lessons from the northern hemisphere
Authors: Hughes D. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDuring the four decades of Keith Beven's career there have been many developments in the science of hydrological modelling. Some have focused on the links between hydrological process understanding and the structure and complexity of hydrological models, others on the related issues of modelling uncertainty. The southern Africa region continues to be generally less well endowed with the resources required to contribute to these research developments, but they are critical for successful water resources management decision‐making in data scarce areas, and go beyond academic interest. Consequently, the focus in the region has been on adding a local context to northern hemisphere research as well as trying to put it into practice. The challenge in southern Africa has always been to extrapolate from published research ideas and decide how they can be effectively used in larger scale practical applications in data‐poor areas. The paper examines the issues of model complexity, links with process understanding and the broad topic of model uncertainty estimation in the context of data scarce areas and how the science questions relate to improvements in water resources decision making. The conclusions suggest that the southern African region has benefited a great deal from several decades of northern hemisphere research (including those by Beven) and that some values have been added through the focus on practical implementation. The region should also embrace the opportunities presented by the need to link realistic uncertainty estimates with risk‐based water resources decision‐making, thereby contributing to the international debate on this important topic. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling suspended sediment concentration using artificial neural networks for Gangotri glacier
Authors: Joshi Rajesh , Kumar Kireet , Adhikari Vijay Pal Singh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of suspended sediment involves inherent non‐linearity and complexity because of existence of both spatial variability of the basin characteristics and temporal climatic patterns. This complexity, therefore, leads to inaccurate prediction by the conventional sediment rating curve (SRC) and other empirical methods. Over past few decades, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as one of the advanced modelling techniques capable of addressing inherent non‐linearity in the hydrological processes. In the present study, feed‐forward back propagation (FFBP) algorithm of ANNs is used to model stage–discharge–suspended sediment relationship for ablation season (May–September) for melt runoff released from Gangotri glacier, one of the largest glaciers in Himalaya. The simulations have been carried out on primary data of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) discharge and stage for ablation season of 11‐year period (1999–2009). Combinations of different input vectors (viz. stage, discharge and SSC) for present and previous days are considered for development of the ANN models and examining the effects of input vectors. Further, based on model performance indices for training and testing phase, a suitable modelling approach with appropriate model input structure is suggested. The conventional SRC method is also used for modelling discharge–sediment relationship and performance of developed models is evaluated by statistical indices, namely; root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R2). Statistically, the performance of ANN‐based models is found to be superior as compared to SRC method in terms of the selected performance indices in simulating the daily SSC. The study reveals suitability of ANN approach for simulation and estimation of daily SSC in glacier melt runoff and, therefore, opens new avenues of research for application of hybrid soft computing models in glacier hydrology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Authors: Teaniniuraitemoana Vaihiti , Leprêtre Maxime , Levy Peva , Vanaa Vincent , Parrad Sophie , Gaertner‐Mazouni Nabila , Gueguen Yannick , Huvet Arnaud , Le Moullac Gilles 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe black‐lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is a protandrous hermaphrodite species. Its economic value has led to the development of controlled hatchery reproduction techniques, although many aspects remain to be optimized. In order to understand reproductive mechanisms and their controlling factors, two independent experiments were designed to test hypotheses of gametogenesis and sex ratio control by environmental and hormonal factors. In one, pearl oysters were exposed under controlled conditions at different combinations of temperature (24 and 28°C) and food level (10,000 and 40,000 cells mL−1); whereas in the other, pearl oysters were conditioned under natural conditions into the lagoon and subjected to successive 17β‐estradiol injections (100 μg per injection). Gametogenesis and sex ratio were assessed by histology for each treatment. In parallel, mRNA expressions of nine marker genes of the sexual pathway (pmarg‐foxl2, pmarg‐c43476, pmarg‐c45042, pmarg‐c19309, pmarg‐c54338, pmarg‐vit6, pmarg‐zglp1, pmarg‐dmrt, and pmarg‐fem1‐like) were investigated. Maximum maturation was observed in the treatment combining the highest temperature (28°C) and the highest microalgae concentration (40,000 cells mL−1), where the female sex tended to be maintained. Injection of 17β‐estradiol induced a significant increase of undetermined stage proportion 2 weeks after the final injection. These results suggest that gametogenesis and gender in adult pearl oysters can be controlled by environmental factors and estrogens. While there were no significant effects on relative gene expression, the 3‐gene‐pair expression ratio model of the sexual pathway of P. margaritifera, suggest a probable dominance of genetic sex determinism without excluding a mixed sex determination mode (genetic + environmental). J. Exp. Zool. 325A:13–24, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Referral patterns, treatment and outcome of high‐grade malignant bone sarcoma in Scandinavia—SSG Central Register 25 years' experience
Authors: Zaikova Olga , Sundby Hall Kirsten , Styring Emelie , Eriksson Mikael , Trovik Clement S. , Bergh Peter , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Skorpil Mikael , Weedon‐Fekjær Harald , Bauer Henrik C.F. 
Published: October 2015

AimsThe objectives of this study were to present changes in referral patterns, treatment and survival in patients with high‐grade malignant bone sarcoma in Sweden and Norway based on data in the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) Central Register.MethodData on 1,437 patients with diagnosis 1986–2010 was analyzed.ResultsOsteosarcoma was the most frequentl diagnosis (45%), followed by Ewing sarcoma (21%) and chondrosarcoma (17%). Thirty‐one percent of Swedish and 41% of Norwegian patients had tumors in the axial skeleton. Eighty‐six percent of extremity tumors and 66% of axial tumors were referred to a sarcoma center prior to unplanned surgery or biopsy. During the past decade, limb salvage surgery has risen from under 50% to over 80%. Five‐year overall survival in non‐metastatic osteosarcoma was 70% for extremity tumors, and 35% for axial tumors. No improvement in osteosarcoma survival was observed during the last decade. Five‐year survival in Ewing sarcoma improved from 50% to 69%.ConclusionReferral patterns in bone sarcomas have improved. However, greater efforts should be dedicated to improving referral of patients with possible tumors in the axial skeleton to multidisciplinary teams (MDTs). Overall survival of patients with high‐grade malignant bone sarcomas in Sweden and Norway is in line with other reports. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:853–860. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Polymer Microcavities with Adjustable Openings and Surface Roughness Regulated by the Polarity of both Seed Surface and Monomers
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhao Panpan , Li Xiangjie , Wang Shenqiang , Ali Zafar , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: October 2015

Polymer microcavities with adjustable openings and surface roughness are fabricated on a large scale via single‐hole poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) swelling seed particles. The size of openings of these microcavities can be adjusted by changing the amount of hydrophilic monomer, and the degree of surface roughness is easily regulated relying on the adjustment of the polarity of monomer. Furthermore, the morphology of PGMA/poly(styrene‐methacrylic acid) (PGMA/P(S‐MAA)) microparticles from microcavity to erythrocyte shape is controlled by the polarity of seed surface. From transmission electron microscopy images of PGMA/P(S‐MAA) microparticles, a fresh polymer particle appears in the cavity. To confirm this phenomenon, thermal annealing process in dioxane/water solution is carried out. Considering the flexibility of polymers, the openings and closing of the prepared microparticles are regulated following the increase in volume ratio of dioxane/water. Ball‐in‐bowl‐shaped PGMA/P(S‐MAA) microparticles are further presented, which proves secondary nucleation of monomer in the polymerization stage.
image
Clinimetric Analysis of the Motor Section of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale: Reliability and Factor Analysis
Authors: Hall Deborah A. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Litvan Irene , Bordelon Yvette , Riley David E. , Leverenz James , Standaert David G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionPSP is a rare degenerative disorder associated with significant morbidity. Recently, investigations of the etiology and treatment of PSP have been initiated. The aim of the present study was to validate the motor domain of the Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Rating Scale (PSPRS) as part of a larger epidemiological study.MethodsFifty videos of patients with PSP were rated by four trained movement disorder neurologists using the PSPRS. Reliability and construct validity of the scale were evaluated using standard methods.ResultsInter‐rater reliability for the total scale score was good. Internal consistency of the scale improved with the removal of three items. Four factors accounted for the majority of the variance of the scale as determined by principal components analysis.DiscussionThis study shows that the motor domain of the PSPRS is a reliable scale, with a factor structure that suggests construct validity, for the assessment of motor signs of the disease. Removal or modification of items may improve the clinimetric features of the motor domain of the scale.
Grafting design: a strategy to increase the performance of radiation‐grafted membranes
Authors: Sproll Véronique , Schmidt Thomas J , Gubler Lorenz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe polymer design concept of short versus long side chains was successfully adapted to radiation‐grafted membranes, the fabrication of which is an easy and up‐scalable process. This concept was investigated by the generation of two model membranes based on polystyrene sulfonic acid‐grafted ethylene‐alt‐tetrafluoroethylene, prepared using a low versus high irradiation dose. It was shown to be essential to adjust the grafting parameters of both systems to obtain two membranes with similar composition in through‐plane direction. In particular, the high‐dose system showed pronounced grafting fronts. A structure–property correlation was found regarding the influence of the graft lengths on the performance characteristics of electron beam‐grafted ethylene‐alt‐tetrafluoroethylene‐based proton exchange membranes, e.g. the membrane type associated with a higher number density of short grafted chains showed higher water sorption behaviour as well as increased proton conductivity, especially in the lower relative humidity range. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Antenatal pelvic floor biometry is related to levator ani muscle injury
Authors: Chan S. S. C. , Cheung R. Y. K. , Yiu K. W. , Lee L. L. , Chung T. K. H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between antenatal pelvic floor biometry and levator ani muscle (LAM) injury in Chinese women.MethodsThree‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound was performed in nulliparous Chinese women with a singleton pregnancy at 9–12 weeks, 26–28 weeks and 36–38 weeks of gestation and again at 12 months after delivery. Hiatal anteroposterior (AP) diameter, transverse diameter and area were measured on the antenatal ultrasound volumes obtained at rest, on Valsalva maneuver and during pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC). LAM injury was evaluated using ultrasound volumes obtained during PFMC at 12 months after delivery.ResultsIn total, 328 women completed the study. At 12 months after delivery, 38 (14.8% of those who delivered vaginally) women had LAM injury; 28 were unilateral (14 right‐ and 14 left‐sided) and 10 were bilateral. In all three trimesters there was smaller hiatal AP diameter and hiatal area in women with LAM injury when compared with women without injury. On multivariable analysis of the three factors, hiatal AP diameter at rest, hiatal area at rest and operative vaginal delivery, only hiatal AP diameter at rest in all three trimesters was an independent factor of LAM injury. A larger hiatal AP diameter at rest in the first, second and third trimesters reduced the likelihood of LAM injury with odds ratios of 0.21, 0.15 and 0.21, respectively.ConclusionsA smaller antenatal hiatal AP diameter at rest is a risk factor for LAM injury. The hiatal AP diameter is relatively simple to measure and the error in measurement is relatively small. A prospective study to confirm this relationship and to explore whether this measurement, performed in the midsagittal plane, is repeatable should be performed. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Tuning Cadmium Coordination Architectures by Phenylenediacetate Position Isomers and 1,4‐Bis(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene
Authors: Yu Min , Zhou Hong , Liu Guang‐Xiang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract Three position isomers 1,2‐, 1,3‐, 1,4‐phenylenediacetate and 1,4‐bis(benzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene (bmb) were used to assembly cadmium(II) coordination polymers, [Cd(bmb)(1,2‐phda)]n (1), {Cd(bmb)(1,3‐phda)]·0.5(bmb)}n (2), and [Cd(bmb)0.5(1,4‐phda)]n (3), which are characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Single crystal structure analysis shows that complex 1 is a two‐dimensional wave‐like layer network. Complex 2 features a (3,5)‐connected three‐dimensional frameworks with (42.6)(42.65.83) topology, whereas complex 3 shows a (4,4)‐connected three‐dimensional (4.64.7)(42.62.82) topology. The structural versatility reveals that a significant structure‐directing effect of the position of the acetate groups during self‐assembly of these coordination polymers. Moreover, luminescent properties and thermal stabilities of three complexes were discussed in detail.
Sharing Power: The Case for Public Consultations on Trade
Authors: al Attar Mohsen , Clouthier Miriam 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Since the 1960s, public consultation has emerged as an important democratic tool, allowing governments to inform, debate, and learn from the general public. Since the 1980s, international trade agreements have wielded significant influence over domestic law making, as an ever more ‘comprehensive’ set of topics is regulated via treaty. In Canada, these two trends have yet to meet. Neither the public nor Parliament is involved in trade policy making, raising concerns about the democratic legitimacy of expansive trade agreements. Through the lens of the recent Canada and European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA), this article examines whether trade law’s consultation practices can be aligned with those of other federal government departments. We identify five key values that make consultations successful—diversity, education, commitment, accountability, and transparency—and consider the viability of their inclusion in trade consultations.
Managing Community Resilience to Climate Extremes, Rapid Unsustainable Urbanization, Emergencies of Scarcity, and Biodiversity Crises by Use of a Disaster Risk Reduction Bank
Authors: Canyon Deon V. , Burkle Frederick M. , Speare Rick 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTEarth’s climate is changing and national and international decision-makers are recognizing that global health security requires urgent attention and a significant investment to protect the future. In most locations, current data are inadequate to conduct a full assessment of the direct and indirect health impacts of climate change. All states require this information to evaluate community-level resilience to climate extremes and climate change. A model that is being used successfully in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand is recommended to generate rapid information to assist decision-makers in the event of a disaster. The model overcomes barriers to success inherent in the traditional ‘‘top-down’’ approach to managing crises and recognizes the capacity of capable citizens and community organizers to facilitate response and recovery if provided the opportunity and resources. Local information is a prerequisite for strategic and tactical statewide planning. Time and resources are required to analyze risks within each community and what is required to prevent (mitigate), prepare, respond, recover (rehabilitate), anticipate, and assess any threatening events. Specific requirements at all levels from state to community must emphasize community roles by focusing on how best to maintain, respond, and recover public health protections and the infrastructure necessary for health security. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:619–624)
Using 10-K Text to Gauge Financial Constraints
Authors: Bodnaruk Andriy , Loughran Tim , McDonald Bill 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMeasuring the extent to which a firm is financially constrained is critical in assessing capital structure. Extant measures of financial constraints focus on macro firm characteristics such as age and size, variables highly correlated with other firm attributes. We parse 10-K disclosures filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) using a unique lexicon based on constraining words. We find that the frequency of constraining words exhibits very low correlation with traditional measures of financial constraints and predicts subsequent liquidity events, such as dividend omissions or increases, equity recycling, and underfunded pensions, better than widely used financial constraint indexes.