bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial Expression of Guidance Cues in Vessel Wall Homeostasis Dysregulation Under Proatherosclerotic Conditions
Authors: van Gils Janine M. , Ramkhelawon Bhama , Fernandes Luciana , Stewart Merran C. , Guo Liang , Seibert Tara , Menezes Gustavo B. , Cara Denise C. , Chow Camille , Kinane T. Bernard , Fisher Edward A. , Balcells Mercedes , Alvarez-Leite Jacqueline , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Moore Kathryn J. 
Published: February 2013

Objective—
Emerging evidence suggests that neuronal guidance cues, typically expressed during development, are involved in both physiological and pathological immune responses. We hypothesized that endothelial expression of such guidance cues may regulate leukocyte trafficking into the vascular wall during atherogenesis.

Approach and Results—
We demonstrate that members of the netrin, semaphorin, and ephrin family of guidance molecules are differentially regulated under conditions that promote or protect from atherosclerosis. Netrin-1 and semaphorin3A are expressed by coronary artery endothelial cells and potently inhibit chemokine-directed migration of human monocytes. Endothelial expression of these negative guidance cues is downregulated by proatherogenic factors, including oscillatory shear stress and proinflammatory cytokines associated with monocyte entry into the vessel wall. Furthermore, we show using intravital microscopy that inhibition of netrin-1 or semaphorin3A using blocking peptides increases leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Unlike netrin-1 and semaphorin3A, the guidance cue ephrinB2 is upregulated under proatherosclerotic flow conditions and functions as a chemoattractant, increasing leukocyte migration in the absence of additional chemokines.

Conclusions—
The concurrent regulation of negative and positive guidance cues may facilitate leukocyte infiltration of the endothelium through a balance between chemoattraction and chemorepulsion. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for axonal guidance cues in maintaining the endothelial barrier and regulating leukocyte trafficking during atherogenesis.
A New Formulation of the Spectral Energy Budget of the Atmosphere, with Application to Two High-Resolution General Circulation Models
Authors: Augier Pierre , Lindborg Erik 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A new formulation of the spectral energy budget of kinetic and available potential energies of the atmosphere is derived, with spherical harmonics as base functions. Compared to previous formulations, there are three main improvements: (i) the topography is taken into account, (ii) the exact three-dimensional advection terms are considered, and (iii) the vertical flux is separated from the energy transfer between different spherical harmonics. Using this formulation, results from two different high-resolution GCMs are analyzed: the Atmospheric GCM for the Earth Simulator (AFES) T639L24 and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) T1279L91. The spectral fluxes show that the AFES, which reproduces quite realistic horizontal spectra with a k−5/3 inertial range at the mesoscales, simulates a strong downscale energy cascade. In contrast, neither the k−5/3 vertically integrated spectra nor the downscale energy cascade are produced by the ECMWF IFS.
Lidar Investigation of Atmosphere Effect on a Wind Turbine Wake
Authors: Smalikho I. N. , Banakh V. A. , Pichugina Y. L. , Brewer W. A. , Banta R. M. , Lundquist J. K. , Kelley N. D. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
An experimental study of the spatial wind structure in the vicinity of a wind turbine by a NOAA coherent Doppler lidar has been conducted. It was found that a working wind turbine generates a wake with the maximum velocity deficit varying from 27% to 74% and with the longitudinal dimension varying from 120 up to 1180 m, depending on the wind strength and atmospheric turbulence. It is shown that, at high wind speeds, the twofold increase of the turbulent energy dissipation rate (from 0.0066 to 0.013 m2 s−3) leads, on average, to halving of the longitudinal dimension of the wind turbine wake (from 680 to 340 m).
Robot‐Assisted Selective Neck Dissection of Levels II to V via a Modified Facelift or Retroauricular Approach
Authors: Park Young Min , Holsinger F. Christopher , Kim Won Shik , Park Sang Chul , Lee Eun Jung , Choi Eun Chang , Koh Yoon Woo 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesWe performed robot‐assisted selective neck dissection via a modified facelift or retroauricular approach without creating an apparent scar around the neck to remove neck node of levels II to V after transoral robotic surgery of a primary lesion in patients with laryngopharyngeal carcinoma. Patient data were prospectively analyzed to verify the feasibility and efficacy of robot‐assisted neck dissection in the treatment of cN0 laryngopharyngeal carcinoma.Study DesignProspective case series.SettingUniversity tertiary care facility.Subjects and MethodsBetween March 2011 and March 2012, 7 patients were enrolled in the study. Before study initiation, the Institutional Review Board of Yonsei University approved the protocol, and informed consent was obtained from all patients.ResultsRobot‐assisted neck dissection was successfully performed in all patients. Five patients underwent selective neck dissection including levels II to IV, and 2 patients underwent selective neck dissection including levels II to V. The average number of lymph nodes retrieved was 25.1. Occult nodal metastasis was found in 1 (14%) neck specimen. During the follow‐up period (mean of 13.5 months), all patients were alive without locoregional recurrence. All patients were extremely satisfied with their cosmetic results.ConclusionRobot‐assisted selective neck dissection is a feasible and safe technique to manage the neck in cN0 laryngopharyngeal carcinoma patients. It may be especially helpful for patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery since no apparent scar around the neck remains. Long‐term results with respect to oncologic safety and functional outcomes are required to establish the validity of robot‐assisted neck dissection.
Serial infusions of low-dose ketamine for major depression
Authors: Rasmussen Keith G , Lineberry Timothy W , Galardy Christine W , Kung Simon , Lapid Maria I , Palmer Brian A , Ritter Matthew J , Schak Kathryn M , Sola Christopher L , Hanson Allison J , Frye Mark A 
Published: February 2013

Background: Single infusions of ketamine have been used successfully to achieve improvement in depressed patients. Side effects during the infusions have been common. It is not known whether serial infusions or lower infusion rates result in greater efficacy. Methods: Ten depressed patients were treated with twice weekly ketamine infusions of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg administered over 100 min until either remission was achieved or four infusions were given. Side effects were assessed with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Patients were followed naturalistically at weekly intervals for four weeks after completion of the infusions. Results: Five of 10 patients achieved remission status. There were no significant increases on the BPRS or YMRS. Two of the remitting patients sustained their improvement throughout the four week follow-up period. Conclusions: Ketamine infusions at a lower rate than previously reported have demonstrated similar efficacy and excellent tolerability and may be more practically available for routine clinical care. Serial ketamine infusions appear to be more effective than a single infusion. Further research to test relapse prevention strategies with continuation ketamine infusions is indicated.
Effects of Ramadan fasting on serum immunoglobulin G and M, and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations
Authors: Develioglu Omer Necati , Kucur Mine , Ipek Havva Duru , Celebi Saban , Can Gunay , Kulekci Mehmet 
Published: February 2013

Objective To investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on serum concentrations of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM, and salivary IgA concentrations. Methods Blood and saliva samples were collected one week before and during the last week of Ramadan from healthy male volunteers. Albumin, total lymphocyte count, electrolytes, and IgG and IgM concentrations were determined in serum; salivary IgA concentrations were measured. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded. Results Samples were collected from 35 subjects (mean age 35.86 years, range 20–59 years). Weight, body mass index, albumin levels and the nutritional risk index decreased significantly during Ramadan fasting compared with before fasting. In addition, Na+ and Cl− electrolyte levels were significantly decreased during Ramadan. Serum IgG concentrations decreased significantly during Ramadan compared with before fasting, but were still within the normal range. Salivary IgA concentrations also decreased significantly, whereas serum IgM levels did not change. Lymphocyte numbers increased significantly, but there was no correlation between Ig levels and lymphocyte count. Conclusion Ramadan fasting did not result in severe immunological disturbances.
Cerebral white matter blood flow and energy metabolism in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Steen Christel , D’haeseleer Miguel , Hoogduin Johannes M , Fierens Yves , Cambron Melissa , Mostert Jop P , Heersema Dorothea J , Koch Marcus W , De Keyser Jacques 
Published: February 2013

Background: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Objective: The objective of this article is to assess the relationship between reduced NAWM CBF and both axonal mitochondrial metabolism and astrocytic phosphocreatine (PCr) metabolism. Methods: Ten healthy controls and 25 MS subjects were studied with 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. CBF was measured using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling. N-acetylaspartate/creatine (NAA/Cr) ratios (axonal mitochondrial metabolism) were obtained using 1H-MR spectroscopy and PCr/β-ATP ratios using 31P-MR spectroscopy. In centrum semiovale NAWM, we assessed correlations between CBF and both NAA/Cr and PCr/β-ATP ratios. Results: Subjects with MS had a widespread reduction in CBF of NAWM (centrum semiovale, periventricular, frontal and occipital), and gray matter (frontoparietal cortex and thalamus). Compared to controls, NAA/Cr in NAWM of the centrum semiovale of MS subjects was decreased, whereas PCr/β-ATP was increased. We found no correlations between CBF and PCr/β-ATP. CBF and NAA/Cr correlated in controls ( p = 0.02), but not in MS subjects ( p = 0.68). Conclusions: Our results suggest that in MS patients there is no relationship between reduced CBF in NAWM and impaired axonal mitochondrial metabolism or astrocytic PCr metabolism.
Loss-of-function of the protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) causes a B-cell lymphoproliferative syndrome in humans
Authors: Kuehn Hye Sun , Niemela Julie E. , Rangel-Santos Andreia , Zhang Mingchang , Pittaluga Stefania , Stoddard Jennifer L. , Hussey Ashleigh A. , Evbuomwan Moses O. , Priel Debra A. Long , Kuhns Douglas B. , Park C. Lucy , Fleisher Thomas A. , Uzel Gulbu , Oliveira João B. 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsMutations in PRKCD cause a syndrome characterized by chronic benign lymphadenopathy, positive autoantibodies, and NK dysfunction. PRKCD deficiency disrupts control of B-cell proliferation and apoptosis and affects NK-cell cytolytic activity.
Sildenafil to improve respiratory rehabilitation outcomes in COPD: a controlled trial
Authors: Blanco Isabel , Santos Salud , Gea Joaqím , Güell Rosa , Torres Ferran , Gimeno-Santos Elena , Rodriguez Diego A. , Vilaró Jordi , Gómez Begona , Roca Josep , Barberà Joan Albert 
Published: February 2013

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that currently has no established pharmacological treatment. This study aimed to assess whether concomitant treatment with sildenafil would enhance the results of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD and increased pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP).In this double-blind, randomised controlled trial patients received 20 mg sildenafil or placebo three times daily and underwent pulmonary rehabilitation for 3 months. The primary end-point was the gain in the cycle endurance time at a constant work-rate. Secondary end-points included performance in the incremental exercise test, 6-min walk distance and quality of life.63 patients with severe COPD and moderately increased PAP were randomised. Cycle endurance time increased by 149 s (95% CI 26–518 s) in the sildenafil group and by 169 s (95% CI 0–768 s) in the placebo group (median change difference -7 s, 95% CI -540–244 s; p=0.77). Gains in the incremental exercise test, 6-min walk distance and quality of life at the end of the study did not differ between groups. Measurements of arterial oxygenation and adverse events were similar in both groups.In patients with severe COPD and moderately increased PAP, concomitant treatment with sildenafil does not improve the results of pulmonary rehabilitation in exercise tolerance.
Transcriptome analyses reveal protein and domain families that delineate stage-related development in the economically important parasitic nematodes, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora
Authors: Heizer Esley , Zarlenga Dante S , Rosa Bruce , Gao Xin , Gasser Robin B , De Graef Jessie , Geldhof Peter , Mitreva Makedonka 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background

Cooperia oncophora and Ostertagia ostertagi are among the most important gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle worldwide. The economic losses caused by these parasites are on the order of hundreds of millions of dollars per year. Conventional treatment of these parasites is through anthelmintic drugs; however, as resistance to anthelmintics increases, overall effectiveness has begun decreasing. New methods of control and alternative drug targets are necessary. In-depth analysis of transcriptomic data can help provide these targets.

Results
The assembly of 8.7 million and 11 million sequences from C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively, resulted in 29,900 and 34,792 transcripts. Among these, 69% and 73% of the predicted peptides encoded by C. oncophora and O. ostertagi had homologues in other nematodes. Approximately 21% and 24% were constitutively expressed in both species, respectively; however, the numbers of transcripts that were stage specific were much smaller (~1% of the transcripts expressed in a stage). Approximately 21% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and 22% in O. ostertagi were up-regulated in a particular stage. Functional molecular signatures were detected for 46% and 35% of the transcripts in C. oncophora and O. ostertagi, respectively. More in-depth examinations of the most prevalent domains led to knowledge of gene expression changes between the free-living (egg, L1, L2 and L3 sheathed) and parasitic (L3 exsheathed, L4, and adult) stages. Domains previously implicated in growth and development such as chromo domains and the MADF domain tended to dominate in the free-living stages. In contrast, domains potentially involved in feeding such as the zinc finger and CAP domains dominated in the parasitic stages. Pathway analyses showed significant associations between life-cycle stages and peptides involved in energy metabolism in O. ostertagi whereas metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were specifically up-regulated in the parasitic stages of C. oncophora. Substantial differences were observed also between Gene Ontology terms associated with free-living and parasitic stages.

Conclusions
This study characterized transcriptomes from multiple life stages from both C. oncophora and O. ostertagi. These data represent an important resource for studying these parasites. The results of this study show distinct differences in the genes involved in the free-living and parasitic life cycle stages. The data produced will enable better annotation of the upcoming genome sequences and will allow future comparative analyses of the biology, evolution and adaptation to parasitism in nematodes.
Targeting and killing of glioblastoma with activated T cells armed with bispecific antibodies
Authors: Zitron Ian M , Thakur Archana , Norkina Oxana , Barger Geoffrey R , Lum Lawrence G , Mittal Sandeep 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSince most glioblastomas express both wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII as well as HER2/neu, they are excellent targets for activated T cells (ATC) armed with bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) that target EGFR and HER2.MethodsATC were generated from PBMC activated for 14 days with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the presence of interleukin-2 and armed with chemically heteroconjugated anti-CD3×anti-HER2/neu(HER2Bi) and/or anti-CD3×anti-EGFR (EGFRBi). HER2Bi- and/or EGFRBi-armed ATC were examined forin vitrocytotoxicity using MTT and51Cr-release assays against malignant glioma lines (U87MG, U118MG, and U251MG) and primary glioblastoma lines.ResultsEGFRBi-armed ATC killed up to 85% of U87, U118, and U251 targets at effector:target ratios (E:T) ranging from 1:1 to 25:1. Engagement of tumor by EGFRBi-armed ATC induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion by armed ATC. HER2Bi-armed ATC exhibited comparable cytotoxicity against U118 and U251, but did not kill HER2-negative U87 cells. HER2Bi- or EGFRBi-armed ATC exhibited 50—80% cytotoxicity against four primary glioblastoma lines as well as a temozolomide (TMZ)-resistant variant of U251. Both CD133– and CD133+ subpopulations were killed by armed ATC. Targeting both HER2Bi and EGFRBi simultaneously showed enhanced efficacy than arming with a single BiAb. Armed ATC maintained effectiveness after irradiation and in the presence of TMZ at a therapeutic concentration and were capable of killing multiple targets.ConclusionHigh-grade gliomas are suitable for specific targeting by armed ATC. These data, together with additional animal studies, may provide the preclinical support for the use of armed ATC as a valuable addition to current treatment regimens.
Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: Evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli
Authors: Anuar Tengku Shahrul , Ghani Mohamed Kamel Abdul , Azreen Siti Nor , Salleh Fatmah Md , Moktar Norhayati 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background

Blastocystis has been described as the most common intestinal parasite in humans and has an increased impact on public health. However, the transmission of this parasite has not been conclusively determined.

Methods
To contribute to a better comprehension of the epidemiology of this infection, a cross-sectional survey aimed at providing the first documented data on the prevalence and risk factors associated with Blastocystis infection was carried out among three Orang Asli tribes (Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi) in selected villages at Negeri Sembilan, Perak and Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia. Faecal samples were examined by formalin-ether sedimentation and trichrome staining techniques.

Results
Of 500 individuals, 20.4% (102) were detected positive for Blastocystis; 13.3% (20/150) of Proto-Malays, 21.6% (30/139) of Negritos and 24.7% (52/211) of Senois were positive for Blastocystis, respectively. The positive cases showed a decrease with increasing age and most of the positive cases were observed in individuals less than 15 years old. Multivariate analysis confirmed that drinking untreated water and the presence of other family members infected with Blastocystis were significant risk factors of infection among the three tribes and overall population studied.

Conclusion
Essentially, the findings highlighted that Blastocystis infection is prevalent among Orang Asli communities in Malaysia. Further studies using molecular approaches to distinguish the subtype of Blastocystis is needed. The present study also revealed that this infection may be transmitted through waterborne and human-to-human contact. Therefore, interventions with the provision of clean water supply for the communities and health education especially to the parents are urgently required.
Mechanisms of high frequency song generation in brachypterous crickets and the role of ghost frequencies
Authors: Robillard Tony , Montealegre-Z Fernando , Desutter-Grandcolas Laure , Grandcolas Philippe , Robert Daniel 
Published: February 2013

SummarySound production in crickets relies on stridulation, the well-understood rubbing together of a pair of specialised wings. As the file of one wing slides over the scraper of the other, a series of rhythmic impacts cause harmonic oscillations, usually resulting in the radiation of pure tones delivered at low frequencies (2-8 kHz). In the short winged crickets of the Lebinthini tribe, acoustic communication relies on signals with remarkably high frequencies (&gt; 8 kHz) and rich harmonic content. Using several species of the subfamily Eneopterinae, we characterise the morphological and mechanical specialisations supporting the production of high frequencies, and demonstrate that higher harmonics are exploited as dominant frequencies. These specialisations affect the structure of the stridulatory file, the motor control of stridulation and the resonance of the sound radiator. We place these specialisations in a phylogenetic framework and show that they serve to exploit high frequency vibrational modes pre-existing in the phylogenetic ancestor. In Eneopterinae, the lower frequency components are harmonically related to the dominant peak, suggesting they are relicts of ancestral carrier frequencies. Yet, such ghost frequencies still occur in the wings' free resonances, highlighting the fundamental mechanical constraints of sound radiation. These results support the hypothesis that such high frequency songs evolved stepwise, by a form of punctuated evolution which could be related to functional constraints, rather than by the progressive increase of the ancestral fundamental frequency.
OOAD-Entwicklungsprozess einer Modelica-Bibliothek für vernetzte Automatisierungssysteme
Authors: Liu Liu , Frey Georg 
Published: February 2013

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Komponentenbibliothek zur Modellierung und Simulation vernetzter Automatisierungssysteme (VAS) basierend auf dem OOAD-Ansatz (objektorientierte Analyse und Design). In der Analysephase werden typische Eigenschaften von VAS herausgearbeitet. Der Entwurf berücksichtigt dann die Spezifika der verwendeten Modellierungssprache Modelica. Die abschließende Realisierung wurde für das Simulationswerkzeug Dymola optimiert.
Point Defects Interaction with Extended Defects and Impurities and its Influences on the Si-SiO2 System Properties
Authors: Kropman D. , Abru U. , Kärner T. , Ugaste U. , Mellikov E. , Kauk M. , Heinmaa I. , Samoson A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe type and density of the point defects that are generated in the Si surface layer during thermal oxidation depend on the oxidation condition: tempertature, cooling rate, oxidation time, impurity content. The interaction between point defects with extended defects and impurities affect the Si-SiO2 interface properties. The influences of point defects may be diminished and the interface properties improved by an appropriate choice of oxidation conditions.