bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Looking Through Earth: Archaeo-Geophysics and Soil Science in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Băț Mihail , Munteanu Octavian , Vasilache Mariana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe research carried out by co-opting the natural sciences opens a special perspective on studying the archaeological sites. In the Republic of Moldova, several legislative and normative acts currently regulates the use of the soil sciences and the non-invasive methods in archaeology. The beginning of geophysical investigations dates back to the 70s and 80s of the last centuries, and the prehistoric sites of Cucuteni-Trypillia culture have been researched at first. After a pause that lasted until the end of the first decade of the new millennium, the involvement of magnetometer surveys, in the activity of archaeologists in Moldova took on a new dimension. Currently, about 40 Neo-Eneolithic sites can be studied based on magnetometer survey data maps. Some of the images obtained are truly spectacular, such as, for example, those of Stolniceni or Petreni, which provide a clear picture of the internal organisation of the settlements, the types and dimensions of the archaeological structures, but more importantly, opening new opportunities for the development of targeted research strategies. Along with the Neo-Eneolithic sites, the sites from the Iron Age and those from the Roman Imperial era also aroused the interest of archaeologists. The Getic fortifications, whose defensive systems began to be understood in all their complexity, caught special attention. We should also mention the interest shown by the researchers of the Middle Ages, who, being at the beginning of the path, managed to open new perspectives for the study of medieval cities and fortresses. At the same time, in all types of sites, regardless of the periods to which they refer, the experiences of soil scientists who come to offer new perspectives in interdisciplinary research, such as the determination of element concentrations of archaeological deposit for assessing past activity areas, are also increasingly used. In other words, even if we still have a lot to achieve in this field, the direction and increasing rhythms through which soil analysis and geophysical methods are embraced by archaeologists, makes us look optimistically at the future of research in the Republic of Moldova.
Back to the Roots. Ablest Prospection Techniques for Rediscovering the Chalcolithic Settlement of Cucuteni—Cetățuie, Romania: A Short Retrospective, Novel Recent Data, Prospects for the Future
Authors: Asăndulesei Andrei , Tencariu Felix Adrian , Mirea Dragoș Alexandru , Pîrnău Radu Gabriel , Balaur Radu Ștefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we discuss the important contribution of non-invasive surveys, along with minimally invasive pedological analyses, in the evaluation, re-evaluation and rigorous documentation of buried archaeological heritage. We propose also an overview of the research background, especially by discussing some key moments in promoting these interdisciplinary methods and techniques in Romanian archaeology. Therefore, we consider a review of the contributions to geophysical research, as well as the main initiatives in the field of pedological studies applied to archaeological contexts. The aim is to highlight the indisputable need for such initiatives in a modest national historiographical landscape.In support of our approach, we have chosen to focus on one of the most well-known and publicised prehistoric archaeological monuments in Romania, the eponymous site of the Chalcolithic Cucuteni Culture (toponym Cetățuie). The site has benefited from special attention over time, but still with multiple questions without an answer.138 years from its discovery and over 50 years from the latest archaeological research, the site is still surprising. Previous research, reflected in dozens of articles, studies and monographs and considered quasi-completed, is, as the latest investigations prove, away from an outcome. Older observations suggested the existence of a prolongation of habitation or satellite settlements near the known settlement on the Cetățuie promontory, but suppositions were not confirmed by previous research. Recent magnetometer surveys and pedological investigations have revealed that the Cucuteni settlement has expanded considerably at a time, with a few tens of highly fired dwellings arranged on rows, with accessways between them, enclosed by other ditches. The new information radically changes the conception over the planimetry and the dynamics of habitation on Cetățuie, opening the way for a large project on the research of this famous settlement, in the context of the European Chalcolithic.
Geophysical Survey in Support of Archaeological Rescue Excavations at Industrial Area of Kremenchuk Magnetic Anomaly in Ukraine
Authors: Bondar Kseniia M. , Bashkatov Yurii Yu. , Khomenko Ruslan V. , Didenko Serhii V. , Tsiupa Iryna V. , Popov Serhii A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study represents results of first archaeo-geophysical prospection at the area of Kremenchuk Magnetic Anomaly (Poltava region, Ukraine). Pre-excavation magnetometer survey, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements were performed on archaeological sites which are planned to be destroyed in near future due to development of iron ore quarries and construction of mine sites. Investigated archaeological monuments comprise settlements and burial mounds—kurgans—dated to Bronze and Early Iron Age occupying relatively high terrains in the floodplain of the Dnieper River. Based on prospection results of 18 sites and excavation of 6 ones, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of geophysical methods in confirming conclusions of visual archaeological inspection and targeting subsequent archaeological work. The recognised restrictions for geophysical methods are caused by high-gradient geomagnetic field, airborne magnetic pollution of soils and variable subsoil substrate—loess and sands. The magnetometer survey revealed an anomaly related to the remains of a large mound (the Bondari kurgan) against a background of high-gradient geomagnetic field. Large depression near the kurgan suggested its dating to the Bronze Age proved by subsequent archaeological excavations. The magnetic topsoil masks weak anomalies related to subsurface archaeological features and produces bright plough effects visible on the results of the magnetometer surveys. This is why, no anomalies sourced by mound of kurgan were recognised using this geophysical technique at the east from Gorishn’oplavnivskyi quarry. However, circular ditches and collapsed catacomb burials proved to cause detectable disturbance in the magnetic field. GPR measurements aided to identify the real diameter of kurgans by tracing the reflection associated with the mound-submound interface at sandy soil area. ERT results helped to clarify the structure of the large Novoselivska Mohyla kurgan. Two stages of construction were suggested from the two interpreted mounds of different resistivity. Smaller high resistivity anomalies are associated to primary and inserted burials. Magnetic anomalies caused by dwellings were found on the Bronze Age settlements as well as magnetic trace of shallow feature that was not identified during the archaeological excavations. The obtained results aid a proper understanding of the appearance of archaeo-geophysical anomalies and facilitate applying geophysical methods for archaeological needs in the region.
A Review on the Development and Current Role of Ground-Based Geophysical Methods for Archaeological Prospection in Scandinavia
Authors: Stamnes Arne Anderson , Cuenca-García Carmen , Gustavsen Lars , Horsley Tim , Jónasson Ómar Valur , Koivisto Satu , Kristiansen Søren Munch , Perttola Wesa , Schneidhofer Petra , Stott David , Tonning Christer , Traustadóttir Ragnheiður , Trinks Immo , Viberg Andreas , Westergaard Bengt 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides an extensive overview of the use of geophysics in archaeological research and cultural heritage management in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland. It discusses the current status, role and acceptance of geophysical methods in each country, and outlines the state-of-the-art based on a synthesis of existing knowledge and experience. The authors consider the past, present and future of archaeo-geophysics in the individual regions, taking into account the academic, curatorial and commercial aspects of their use. This, in turn, serves as the basis for a discussion of the reasons for the varying degrees of acceptance and integration of the methods in each country, and aid the distribution of knowledge and experience gained across Scandinavia and beyond. The practical experience, application and general acceptance are not similar in the different Scandinavian countries. There is a general lack of integrating geophysical (and by extension non-intrusive methods) within the archaeological practice and guidelines. The case studies presented here show a range of archaeological applications of geophysics in Scandinavia, demonstrating how geophysical methods should by no means be considered “new” or “untested”. While there is a need for targeted research, there has also been a challenge in disseminating the already generated knowledge and experiences to other actors within the archaeological community. Some of this can be explained by a lack of trained personnel, domestic competence and archaeological institutions undertaking research into the applicability of geophysical methods, and data-sharing and making reports accessible.
Variety in Archaeo-Geophysics: The French Example
Authors: Thiesson Julien , Benech Christophe , Camerlynck Christian , Dabas Michel , Hulin Guillaume , Mathé Vivien , Petit Christophe , Simon François Xavier , Vitale Quentin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs a result of a long history in both archaeology and geophysics, France exhibits a wide panel of practices in archaeo-geophysics, going from archaeologists using geophysics as a supplementary tool for understanding their sites to applied geophysicists using archaeological sites as better constrained features and potential ground feedback. This chapter tries to scan this variety in the practices which overlap with a variety of contexts. After a brief overview of the backgrounds which control the practices in France, we show several examples that illustrate this diversity. Firstly, we will show a set of surveys of rural areas coming from both public and private institutions. Secondly, we will present how archaeological sites in urban areas are assessed with the geophysical techniques. Thirdly, we will address what can be done in what we define as the “specific” context. In each context, we will highlight how geophysical techniques could improve itselves with the help of archaeological sites took as the place for an intensive interdisciplinary research. We conclude that archaeology can be a way to make geosciences progress by bringing together geology, soil science, geotechnics, geochemistry, and geophysics.
Safety, Security and Service Quality for Automated Minibuses: State of the Art, Technical Requirements and Data Privacy in Case of Incident
Authors: Chrétien Philippe , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe AVENUE project confirmed that the automated minibus technology is attractive to improve urban mobility services with contribution to the ecologic transition but at risk in terms of safety and service quality. Maintaining the public transportation level of injuries, based on heavy bus experience, is challenging and implies (i) an intermediate target for market introduction, gathering active safety and passive safety requirements, and (ii) an improvement process, based on anonymised and shared lesson learnt, under public power control. With resulting demands concerning reliability and maintainability, the safety improvement will contribute to the service quality and to the building of a sustainable business.
In-Vehicle Services to Improve the User Experience and Security when Traveling with Automated Minibuses
Authors: Tsiktsiris Dimitrios , Vafeiadis Anastasios , Lalas Antonios , Dasygenis Minas , Votis Konstantinos , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Zinckernagel Christian , Salvi Kevin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter looks at the innovative development and deployment of in-vehicle services to improve both the user experience and safety in automated minibuses, a critical component of future mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) ecosystems. With the rise of driverless public transport, ensuring the safety and comfort of passengers becomes a primary concern. The chapter discusses the integration of cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning technologies to address these challenges, focusing on services such as enhanced safety and confidence, automated passenger presence monitoring, and intelligent feedback systems. It outlines the AVENUE project’s initiatives to create an AI-powered framework that not only promotes the widespread adoption of automated minibuses but also addresses social and personal safety concerns in the absence of a human driver. The services discussed aim to replace the driver’s monitoring and interaction functions with technology-enabled solutions, thereby maintaining service quality and promoting passenger confidence. Using real-world deployments and pilot studies, the chapter illustrates how these technological interventions contribute to the overall efficiency, safety, and acceptance of automated vehicles in urban environments and provide valuable insights into the future of automated public transport systems.
The electromagnetic form factors of heavy-light pseudo-scalar and vector mesons
Authors: Xu Yin-Zhen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We systematically investigate the electromagnetic form factors of heavy-light pseudo-scalar and vector mesons within the Dyson-Schwinger/Bethe-Salpeter equations framework for the first time. It is found that the charge radius of vector meson is larger than that of its pseudo-scalar counterpart. In heavy-light systems, the flavor symmetry breaking will lead to a splitting of the form factor of different quark, and the distribution range of lighter and heavier quark gradually expands and contracts, respectively. The competition between them together generates the electromagnetic form factors of meson. Our results can be compared with other theoretical calculations and future experimental data.
Cosmological singularities, holographic complexity and entanglement
Authors: Narayan K. , Saini Hitesh K. , Yadav Gopal 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study holographic volume complexity for various families of holographic cosmologies with Kasner-like singularities, in particular with AdS, hyperscaling violating and Lifshitz asymptotics. We find through extensive numerical studies that the complexity surface always bends in the direction away from the singularity and transitions from spacelike near the boundary to lightlike in the interior. As the boundary anchoring time slice approaches the singularity, the transition to lightlike is more rapid, with the spacelike part shrinking. The complexity functional has vanishing contributions from the lightlike region so in the vicinity of the singularity, complexity is vanishingly small, indicating a dual Kasner state of vanishingly low complexity, suggesting an extreme thinning of the effective degrees of freedom dual to the near singularity region. We also develop further previous studies on extremal surfaces for holographic entanglement entropy, and find that in the IR limit they reveal similar behaviour as complexity.
Painlevé Kernels and Surface Defects at Strong Coupling
Authors: François Matijn , Grassi Alba 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIt is well established that the spectral analysis of canonically quantized four-dimensional Seiberg–Witten curves can be systematically studied via the Nekrasov–Shatashvili functions. In this paper, we explore another aspect of the relation between $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$

N
=
2

supersymmetric gauge theories in four dimensions and operator theory. Specifically, we study an example of an integral operator associated with Painlevé equations and whose spectral traces are related to correlation functions of the 2d Ising model. This operator does not correspond to a canonically quantized Seiberg–Witten curve, but its kernel can nevertheless be interpreted as the density matrix of an ideal Fermi gas. Adopting the approach of Tracy and Widom, we provide an explicit expression for its eigenfunctions via an $${{\,\mathrm{O(2)}\,}}$$

O
(
2
)

matrix model. We then show that these eigenfunctions are computed by surface defects in $${{\,\mathrm{SU(2)}\,}}$$

SU
(
2
)

super Yang–Mills in the self-dual phase of the $$\Omega $$
Ω
-background. Our result also yields a strong coupling expression for such defects which resums the instanton expansion. Even though we focus on one concrete example, we expect these results to hold for a larger class of operators arising in the context of isomonodromic deformation equations.
Net versus relative impacts in public policy automation: a conjoint analysis of attitudes of Black Americans
Authors: Kennedy Ryan , Austin Amanda , Adams Michael , Robinson Carroll , Salib Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of algorithms and automated systems, especially those leveraging artificial intelligence (AI), has been exploding in the public sector, but their use has been controversial. Ethicists, public advocates, and legal scholars have debated whether biases in AI systems should bar their use or if the potential net benefits, especially toward traditionally disadvantaged groups, justify even greater expansion. While this debate has become voluminous, no scholars of which we are aware have conducted experiments with the groups affected by these policies about how they view the trade-offs. We conduct a set of two conjoint experiments with a high-quality sample of 973 Americans who identify as Black or African American in which we randomize the levels of inter-group disparity in outcomes and the net effect on such adverse outcomes in two highly controversial contexts: pre-trial detention and traffic camera ticketing. The results suggest that respondents are willing to tolerate some level of disparity in outcomes in exchange for certain net improvements for their community. These results turn this debate from an abstract ethical argument into an evaluation of political feasibility and policy design based on empirics.
Establishing Host–Virus Link Through Host Metabolism: Viral DNA SIP Validation Using T4 Bacteriophage and E. coli
Authors: Ngo Vuong Quoc Hoang , Sotomski Maximilien , Guenne Angeline , Mariadassou Mahendra , Krupovic Mart , Enault François , Bize Ariane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDNA Stable Isotope Probing is emerging as a potent methodology for investigating host–virus interactions, based on the essential reliance of viruses on host organisms for the production of virions. Despite the anticipated link between host isotopic compositions and the generated virions, the application of stable isotope probing to viral DNA has never been evaluated on simple biological models. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of this method on the bacteriophage T4 and its host, Escherichia coli. Through the cultivation of E. coli cells on a 13C-enriched substrate and subsequent propagation of T4 bacteriophage, we examine the degree of isotopic enrichment in viral DNA. Our investigation reveals a strong correlation between the proportion of 13C6-d-glucose in the growth substrate and the buoyant density in CsCl gradient of T4 DNA, confirming the validity of DNA SIP in viral ecology. These findings underscore the potential of DNA SIP as a robust tool for characterizing the diversity of viruses infecting hosts with specific metabolic activities and provide then a foundation for further exploration in viral ecology research.
Development of Rapid Disk Diffusion Device Using Laser Speckle Formation Technology for Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Authors: Lee Jaehyeon , Lee Jun Han , Cho Kyoungman , Park Jeong Su 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobials has prompted the urgent need for more rapid and effective antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) methods. Conventional AST techniques often take 16–24 h, leading to empirical prescription practices and the potential emergence of AMR. The study aimed to develop a rapid disk diffusion (RDD) method utilizing laser speckle formation (LSF) technology to expedite AST results. The study aimed to evaluate the performance of LSF technology in determining antimicrobial susceptibility. In this study, preclinical and clinical settings were established to compare the LSF technology with conventional disk diffusion (DD) methods to measure the inhibition zones. Preclinical experiments with different bacterial strains demonstrated more than 70% categorical agreement (CA) against most antimicrobials. Further, clinical experiments with multiple strains and antibiotics revealed CA ranging from 40 to 79%, while major and minor discrepancies were observed around 30% and 11%, respectively. These observations revealed high concordance between RDD and DD for multiple antimicrobials in multiple species. The results underscore the potential of RDD-based LSF technology for hastening AST procedures. The current study is marked by a unique equipment setup and analysis approach. Collectively, the suggested laser-based RDD showed greater potential than previously developed comparable methods. The proposed method and design have a higher application potential than formerly developed similar technologies. Together, the study contributes to the ongoing development of rapid AST methods.
Differences of clinical phenotype between familial and sporadic Crohn’s disease in East China
Authors: Dong Siyuan , Xiang Xiaoxia , Zhang Yu , Liu Rongbei , Ye Lingna , Cao Qian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Family history is one of the strongest risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) while studies about the clinical phenotype of familial IBD are limited. This study aimed to compare the phenotypic features of familial Crohn’s disease (CD) with sporadic CD.

Methods
Familial CD was defined as CD patients having one or more first, second, third, fourth degree, or above relatives with CD. Sporadic CD patients hospitalized during the same period were matched 1:3 by age and gender. Differences in clinical characteristics, phenotype distribution, extraintestinal manifestations, and complications at diagnosis, as well as treatment regimen and surgery, were compared between familial and sporadic CD.

Results
The familial CD was associated with a higher rate of past appendectomy history (P = 0.009), more intestinal perforation at onset (P = 0.012), more MRI results of anal lesion (P = 0.023), and gastrointestinal perforation (P = 0.040) at diagnosis, higher rate of past intestinal surgery history (P = 0.007), more number of intestinal surgeries (P = 0.037), longer duration of follow-up (P = 0.017), lower rate of taking biologicals for current maintenance (P = 0.043), lower tendency to upgrade to biologicals during follow-up (P = 0.013), higher possibility to experience gastrointestinal obstruction (P = 0.047), and abdominal abscess during follow-up (P = 0.045).

Conclusion
Familial CD is associated with a more aggressive clinical phenotype.