bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Baba Shintaro , Kondo Kenji , Kanaya Kaori , Suzukawa Keigo , Ushio Munetaka , Urata Shinji , Asakage Takahiro , Kakigi Akinobu , Suzukawa Maho , Ohta Ken , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisInterleukin (IL)−33 is a novel member of the IL‐1 cytokine family and a ligand for the orphan IL‐1 family receptor ST2. IL‐33 induces T helper 2‐type inflammatory responses and is considered to play a crucial role in allergic inflammatory reactions such as asthma and atopic dermatitis. However, the role of IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 in chronic rhinosinusitis remains unclear.Study DesignIn vitro study.MethodsThe expression patterns of IL‐33 and ST2 at both mRNA and protein levels in nasal polyps from eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients (n = 10) and non‐ECRS patients (n = 13), as well as in seemingly normal mucosa of the uncinate processes in patients without sinusitis (control; n = 5), were compared using immunohistochemical staining, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and real‐time polymerase chain reactions.ResultsST2‐positive cells in the inflammatory cells in the subepithelial layer were significantly higher in the ECRS group than other groups. The expression of ST2 mRNA in polyps of the ECRS group was significantly increased compared with controls. Many ST2‐positive eosinophils were observed in the mucosa of ECRS but not in the mucosa of non‐ECRS patients. The expression level of IL‐33 mRNA was not significantly different among the three groups.ConclusionsThe current study suggests that IL‐33 and its receptor ST2 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, especially in ECRS, through the increased expression of ST2 in eosinophils.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:E115–E122, 2014
Fistula rates after salvage laryngectomy: Comparing pectoralis myofascial and myocutaneous flaps
Authors: Khan Nabeel A. , Medina Jesus E. , Sanclement Jose A. , Krempl Greg A. 
Published: October 2013

Objectives/HypothesisSalvage laryngectomy after failed organ preservation often has a high complication rate, pharyngocutaneous fistulas being the most common. These fistulas increase morbidity, prolong hospitalization, and potentially delay adjuvant treatment. Fistula rates in the literature range from 3% to 65%. Use of the pectoralis flap to prevent fistula formation has been adopted as a common practice at our institution. A review of our experience using the overlay myofascial showed a higher than desired complication rate. The aim of this study is to assess whether the use of integrated myocutaneous flap results in a lower fistula rate.Study DesignA retrospective review of 30 patients followed by a pilot study of 10 patients. All underwent salvage laryngectomy after failed organ preservation.MethodsThe operation notes of 40 laryngectomy patients were analyzed. The patient/tumor characteristics, pretreatment, neck dissection, flap type, and fistula rate were documented.ResultsThe patient sample was 25% female. All patients received prior radiotherapy, but only 37.5% received prior chemoradiation. Neck dissections were performed in 80% of these patients, 76% of the myocutaneous group, and 84% of the myofascial group. Advanced tumor stage was found in 42% of the myofascial group and 52% of the myocutaneous group. Five of the 19 myofascial patients developed a fistula, whereas seven of the 21 myocutaneous patients developed a fistula.ConclusionsThe use of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap (PMCF) in this pilot series did not show a lower rate of fistula; other alternatives should be pursued to decrease this complication.Evidence Level4. Laryngoscope, 124:1615–1617, 2014
Polyacrylonitrile Block Copolymers for the Preparation of a Thin Carbon Coating Around TiO2 Nanorods for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oschmann Bernd , Bresser Dominic , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Fischer Karl , Tremel Wolfgang , Passerini Stefano , Zentel Rudolf 
Published: October 2013

Herein, a new method for the realization of a thin and homogenous carbonaceous particle coating, made by carbonizing RAFT polymerization derived block copolymers anchored on anatase TiO2 nanorods, is presented. These block copolymers consist of a short anchor block (based on dopamine) and a long, easily graphitizable block of polyacrylonitrile. The grafting of such block copolymers to TiO2 nanorods creates a polymer shell, which can be visualized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal treatment at 700 °C converts the polyacrylonitrile block to partially graphitic structures (as determined by Raman spectroscopy), establishing a thin carbon coating (as determined by transmission electron microscopy, TEM, analysis). The carbon‐coated TiO2 nanorods show improved electrochemical performance in terms of achievable specific capacity and, particularly, long‐term cycling stability by reducing the average capacity fading per cycle from 0.252 mAh g–1 to only 0.075 mAh g–1.
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Galactose‐Functionalized Cationic Polycarbonate Diblock Copolymer for Targeted Gene Delivery to Hepatocytes
Authors: Ong Zhan Yuin , Yang Chuan , Gao Shu Jun , Ke Xi‐Yu , Hedrick James L. , Yan Yang Yi 
Published: October 2013

To mediate selective gene delivery to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptors (ASGP‐Rs), we designed and synthesized well‐defined and narrowly dispersed galactose‐ and glucose‐functionalized cationic polycarbonate diblock copolymers (designated as Gal‐APC and Glu‐APC, respectively) using organocatalytic ring‐opening polymerization of functionalized carbonate monomers, with a subsequent quaternization step using bis‐tertiary amines to confer quaternary and tertiary amines for DNA binding and endosomal buffering, respectively. The sugar‐functionalized diblock copolymers effectively bound and condensed DNA to form positively charged nanoparticles (<100 nm in diameter and ≈30 mV zeta‐potential) that were stable under high physiological salt conditions. In comparison to the control Glu‐APC/DNA complexes, Gal‐APC/DNA complexes mediated significantly higher gene expression in ASGP‐R positive HepG2 cells with no significant difference observed in ASGP‐R negative HeLa cells. The co‐incubation of Gal‐APC/DNA complexes with a natural ASGP‐R ligand effectively led to a decrease in gene expression, hence providing evidence for the ASGP‐R mediated endocytosis of the polyplexes. Importantly, the Gal‐APC/DNA complexes induced minimal cytotoxicities in HepG2 cells at the N/P ratios tested. Taken together, the galactose‐functionalized cationic polycarbonate diblock copolymer has potential for use as a non‐viral gene vector for the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes to hepatocytes in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Porous Polymers by Controlling Phase Separation during Vapor Deposition Polymerization
Authors: Tao Ran , Anthamatten Mitchell 
Published: October 2013

A template‐free method is described to fabricate continuous‐phase, porous polymer films by simultaneous phase separation during vapor deposition polymerization. The technique involves concurrent polymerization, crosslinking, and phase separation of condensed species and reaction products. Deposited films form open‐cell, macroporous structures consisting of crosslinked and glassy poly(glycidyl methacrylate). By limiting phase separation during vapor phase deposition, spatially dependent morphologies, such as layered morphologies, can be grown. Results show that combining vapor deposition polymerization with phase separation establishes morphological control, which may be applied to applications including cellular scaffolds, thin cushions and vibration dampers, and membranes for separations.
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Protein carbonylation: Proteomics, specificity and relevance to aging
Authors: Cabiscol Elisa , Tamarit Jordi , Ros Joaquim 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDetection and quantification of protein carbonyls present in biological samples has become a popular, albeit indirect, method to determine the existence of oxidative stress. Moreover, the rise of proteomics has allowed the identification of the specific proteins targeted by protein carbonylation. This review discusses these methodologies and proteomic strategies and then focuses on the relationship between protein carbonylation and aging and the parameters that may explain the increased sensitivity of certain proteins to protein carbonylation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 21–48, 2014.
Symbiotic prokaryotic communities from different populations of the giant barrel sponge, Xestospongia muta
Authors: Fiore Cara L. , Jarett Jessica K. , Lesser Michael P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe prokaryotic community composition of the ecologically dominant sponge, Xestospongia muta, and the variability of this community across in different populations of sponges from the Caribbean and Bahamas were quantified using 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The symbiotic prokaryotic communities of X. muta were significantly different than the surrounding bacterioplankton communities while an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) of the sponge prokaryotic symbionts from three geographically distant sites showed that both symbiont and bacterioplankton populations were significantly different between locations. Comparisons of individual sponges based on the UniFrac P‐test also revealed significant differences in community composition between individual sponges. The sponges harbored a variety of phylum level operational taxonomic units (OTUs) common to many sponges, including Cyanobacteria, Poribacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes, but four additional symbiotic phyla, previously not reported for this sponge, were observed. Additionally, a diverse archaeal community was also recovered from X. muta including sequences representing the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. These results have important ecological implications for the understanding of host–microbe associations, and provide a foundation for future studies addressing the functional roles these symbiotic prokaryotes have in the biology of the host sponge and the nutrient biogeochemistry of coral reefs.
Is essential tremor a Purkinjopathy? The role of the cerebellar cortex in its pathogenesis
Authors: Grimaldi Giuliana , Manto Mario 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTEssential tremor (ET) encompasses a group of progressive neurological diseases in which the primary clinical feature is kinetic tremor of the arms. There is accumulating evidence to suggest that the cerebellum is involved in the pathogenesis of ET; the clinical presentation, neurophysiological data, and functional and metabolic abnormalities revealed by neuroimaging studies all point toward the dysregulation of cerebellar circuits. Recent neuropathological findings at postmortem demonstrate that Purkinje neurons, and some brainstem neurons, play an integral role in the pathogenesis of this common neurological disorder. The assessment of Purkinje cell linear density shows that Purkinje density is abnormal in ET brains. Specific efforts need be devoted to understanding the molecular and cellular events occurring in the Purkinje neurons of the cerebellar cortex, which are emerging as being of particular importance in the pathogenesis of ET in a subgroup of patients. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale experiences in daily living: Longitudinal changes and correlation with other assessments
Authors: Lang Anthony E. , Eberly Shirley , Goetz Christopher G. , Stebbins Glenn , Oakes David , Marek Ken , Ravina Bernard , Tanner Caroline M. , Shoulson Ira ,   on behalf of the LABS‐PD investigators
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Movement Disorder Society (MDS) commissioned a revision of the UPDRS with the goals of improving instructions and definitions, more accurately evaluating milder features, and assessing patient‐reported outcomes and nonmotor features. To date, no study has evaluated longitudinal changes in components of the MDS‐UPDRS over time or correlated these with changes in other scales of various symptoms. We assessed Parts I and II of the MDS‐UPDRS (non‐Motor and Motor Experiences of Daily Living [nM‐EDL, M‐EDL]) as well as a number of other scales of motor, cognitive and behavioral function in a large population of patients (n = 383) with early‐ to mid‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD) who had previously participated in a trial of a putative disease‐modifying agent. Both parts of a MDS‐UPDRS showed significant change over the 3‐year follow‐up period, with M‐EDL scores declining to a greater extent than nM‐EDL. Both the scores and their changes over time correlated relatively well with other rating scales of similar disease aspects. Modest correlations with the original version of the UPDRS supported the increased attention to nonmotor symptoms as well as milder levels of severity in the MDS‐UPDRS. The M‐EDL was much more sensitive to change over time in these early‐ to mid‐stage patients than the original UPDRS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. Finally, we showed no change over time in a small group of individuals with dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography scans without evidence for dopamine deficiency. The nM‐EDL and M‐EDL components of the MDS‐UPDRS provide an effective, relevant measure of change in the broad spectrum of symptoms of PD over the first decade of the disease. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Alexithymia—an independent risk factor for impulsive‐compulsive disorders in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Goerlich‐Dobre Katharina S. , Probst Catharina , Winter Lina , Witt Karsten , Deuschl Günther , Möller Bettina , van Eimeren Thilo 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTImpulsive‐compulsive disorders (ICDs) are frequent side effects of dopaminergic medication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties identifying and describing feelings and an externally oriented thinking style, has been linked to various impulse‐control problems in the general population. In PD, the prevalence of alexithymia is approximately twice as high as in the general population. However, whether alexithymia is associated with ICDs in PD is currently unknown. We examined the relationship between self‐reported ICDs and alexithymia in a sample of 91 PD patients (89 on dopaminergic medication). Additional self‐report measures assessed impulsivity, depression, anxiety, behavioral inhibition/approach, and emotion‐regulation strategies. We observed that alexithymia, and particularly difficulty identifying feelings and difficulty describing feelings, was significantly correlated with ICDs, even when controlling for impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. In addition, a group analysis revealed that PD patients with clinical and moderate levels of alexithymia had significantly more ICDs than non‐alexithymic patients, suggesting that even moderately high alexithymia levels increase the risk for ICDs in PD. Our results identify alexithymia as an independent risk factor for ICDs in PD. Thus, the inclusion of alexithymia in the neuropsychiatric assessment of patients with PD may help identify patients at risk for ICDs. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Clinical issues in the treatment of anxiety and depression in older adults with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Pachana Nancy A. , Egan Sarah J. , Laidlaw Ken , Dissanayaka Nadeeka , Byrne Gerard J. , Brockman Simone , Marsh Rodney , Starkstein Sergio 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA significant proportion of persons affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) are over age 65 years. Mental health issues are often less a focus of treatment in this population than physical manifestations of the illness. Anxiety or depression alone, as well as comorbid depression and anxiety, are underrecognized in patients with PD and are associated with deleterious effects on physical and interpersonal functioning, negatively impacting quality of life and well‐being. We offer a brief overview of salient clinical points with respect to assessment and treatment approaches to enhance efficacy of the treatment of mental health symptoms in older adults with PD. Cognitive behavior therapy involves the patient learning to overcome behavioral avoidance associated with anxiety and challenge unhelpful negative cognitions. It is suggested that cognitive behavior therapy is an effective approach to treatment of anxiety and depression in PD and should be offered as a treatment to patients. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Role and Therapeutic Potential of Autophagy Modulation in Controlling Virus‐Induced Cell Death
Authors: Tovilovic Gordana , Ristic Biljana , Milenkovic Marina , Stanojevic Maja , Trajkovic Vladimir 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMacroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process in which the cytoplasmic content is sequestered and degraded by the lysosomal machinery in order to maintain cellular homeostasis or provide energy during metabolic and hypoxic stress. It also represents an important component of the host response against infectious agents, performing surveillance and effector functions involved in detection and clearance of pathogens, including viruses. Moreover, it appears that autophagy plays a major role in determining the fate of both virally infected and uninfected cells by blocking or promoting their death in a virus‐ and cell‐type‐dependent manner. We here review the current knowledge on the complex involvement of autophagy in survival and death of the host cells during viral infection, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying viral modulation of autophagic response and its interference with the cell death pathways. We also discuss a possible significance of the autophagy‐dependent modulation of cell death for the outcome and therapy of viral infections, emphasizing the need for a time‐ and cell‐type‐dependent fine‐tuning of the autophagic response in achieving an optimal balance between beneficial and adverse effects.
The Anticancer Properties of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen): A Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Xiuping , Guo Jiajie , Bao Jiaolin , Lu Jinjian , Wang Yitao 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSalvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen in Chinese) is a classical Huoxue Huayu (a traditional Chinese medical term means promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis) herb with 1000 years of clinical application. It mainly contains two groups of ingredients: the hydrophilic phenolic acids and the lipophilic tanshinones. Both groups have demonstrated multiple bioactivities, such as antioxidative stress, antiplatelet aggregation, anti‐inflammation, among others. Recent data have demonstrated that its lipophilic compounds, especially the tanshinones, show potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo. The anticancer effects of the hydrophilic phenolic acids have also been reported. Furthermore, tanshinones provide structural skeletons for chemical modifications, allowing for a series of derivatives of interests. This review provides a systematic summary of the anticancer profile and the underlying mechanisms of the bioactive compounds isolated from Danshen with special emphasis on tanshinones, aiming to bring new insights for further research and development of this ancient herb.
Applicability Domain Dependent Predictive Uncertainty in QSAR Regressions
Authors: Sahlin U. , Jeliazkova N. , Öberg T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPredictive models used in decision making, such as QSARs in chemical regulation or drug discovery, call for evaluated approaches to quantitatively assess associated uncertainty in predictions. Uncertainty in less reliable predictions may be captured by locally varying predictive errors. In the current study, model‐based bootstrapping was combined with analogy reasoning to generate predictive distributions varying in magnitude over a model’s domain of applicability. A resampling experiment based on PLS regressions on four QSAR data sets demonstrated that predictive errors assessed by k nearest neighbour or weighted PRedicted Error Sum of Squares (PRESS) on samples of external test data or by internal cross‐validation improved the performance of the uncertainty assessment. Analogy using similarity defined by Euclidean distances, or differences in standard deviation in perturbed predictions, resulted in better performances than similarity defined by distance to, or density of, the training data. Locally assessed predictive distributions had on average at least as good coverage as Gaussian distribution with variance assessed from the PRESS. An R‐code is provided that evaluates performances of the suggested algorithms to assess predictive error based on log likelihood scores and empirical coverage graphs, and which applies these to derive confidence intervals or samples from the predictive distributions of query compounds.
Effects of ovalbumin glycoconjugates on alleviation of orally induced egg allergy in mice via dendritic‐cell maturation and T‐cell activation
Authors: Rupa Prithy , Nakamura Soichiro , Katayama Shigeru , Mine Yoshinori 
Published: October 2013

ScopeGlycation of allergens via Maillard reaction or chemical conjugation has been shown to influence susceptibility to food‐induced allergies. It is hypothesized that mucosal immune response bias can be favorably altered by orally administering various forms of glycated ovalbumin (OVA).Methods and resultsGroups of Balb/c mice (n = 10) were orally sensitized to OVA and administered various forms of glycated OVA (glucose, mannose, glucomannan, galactomannan, and a mixture containing OVA and glucomannan). Outcomes post oral challenge were measured as clinical allergic signs, serum histamine, mouse mast cell protease 1 (MMCP‐1), antibody activity, type‐1/2 cytokines, percentage of T‐regulatory cells (T‐regs) and in vitro dendritic cell, and T‐cell‐related mechanisms. Clinical signs and specific IgE were decreased (p ≤ 0.05), and T‐reg cell percentage was increased in the mannose and glucomannan treated groups. The OVA‐mannose group also had less histamine, MMCP‐1, specific IgG, IL‐4 and IL‐17, and more IL‐12p70 (p ≤ 0.05). Other parameters measured did not differ significantly among groups. Also, OVA‐glycated mannose reduced maturation and uptake by dendritic cells. Less activation of T cells and type‐2 cytokine response in DC–T‐cell cocultures were observed with OVA‐glycated mannose stimulation.ConclusionThis study validates, for the first time, the use of OVA‐glycated mannose and glucomannan for potential beneficial dietary interventions for allergy.