bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Major litterfall manipulation affects seedling growth and nutrient status in one of two species in a lowland forest in Panama
Authors: Vincent Andrea G. , Tanner Edmund V.J. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:Leaf litter is an important source of nutrients to tropical forest trees, but its importance for understorey seedling growth is not well understood. Seedlings of Licania platypus (n = 190) and Coussarea curvigemmia (n = 304) were transplanted into deeply shaded forest plots in Panama having received 2 y of litter addition or removal and 7 y of fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined, and their growth and foliar nutrients measured after 13 and 6 mo respectively. Licania platypus growing in litter addition and removal plots had faster height growth and slower leaf growth respectively than in control plots; C. curvigemmia showed no significant effects apart from lower survival in litter addition plots. These effects may be driven by soil nutrients, as suggested by differences in foliar nitrogen and potassium (but not phosphorus) concentrations, and by a pot experiment in a shadehouse using Ochroma pyramidale seedlings, which showed higher leaf area in soils from litter-addition plots, although seedling dry weight was higher only in fertilized soils. Overall, these results show that for one of two species, understorey seedling growth was increased by 2 y of doubled litterfall, and thus that they were probably nutrient limited even in the relatively fertile soils of this semi-deciduous tropical forest.
Infinitives or bare stems? Are English-speaking children defaulting to the highest-frequency form?
Authors: RÄSÄNEN SANNA H. M. , AMBRIDGE BEN , PINE JULIAN M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTYoung English-speaking children often produce utterances with missing 3sg -s(e.g., *He play). Since the mid 1990s, such errors have tended to be treated as Optional Infinitive (OI) errors, in which the verb is a non-finite form (e.g., Wexler, 1998; Legate & Yang, 2007). The present article reports the results of a cross-sectional elicited-production study with 22 children (aged 3;1–4;1), which investigated the possibility that at least some apparent OI errors reflect a process of defaulting to the form with the highest frequency in the input. Across 48 verbs, a significant negative correlation was observed between the proportion of ‘bare’ vs. 3sg -sforms in a representative input corpus and the rate of 3sg -sproduction. This finding suggests that, in addition to other learning mechanisms that yield such errors cross-linguistically, at least some of the OI errors produced by English-speaking children reflect a process of defaulting to a high-frequency/phonologically simple form.
Cor triatriatum with a left upper anomalous pulmonary venous return to the innominate vein
Authors: Galoin-Bertail Claire , Gouton Marielle 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCor triatriatum sinister is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly accounting for 0.1% of all congenital cardiac malformations, with an anomalous venous return being a frequently associated condition. We present the case of a 14-year-old girl misdiagnosed as having an atrial septal defect with pulmonary hypertension who actually had a cor triatriatum with a left upper anomalous pulmonary venous return to the innominate vein.
STRUCTURAL EQUATIONS AND BEYOND
Authors: HUBER FRANZ 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecent accounts of actual causation are stated in terms of extended causal models. These extended causal models contain two elements representing two seemingly distinct modalities. The first element are structural equations which represent the “(causal) laws” or mechanisms of the model, just as ordinary causal models do. The second element are ranking functions which represent normality or typicality. The aim of this paper is to show that these two modalities can be unified. I do so by formulating two constraints under which extended causal models with their two modalities can be subsumed under so called “counterfactual models” which contain just one modality. These two constraints will be formally precise versions of Lewis’ (1979) familiar “system of weights or priorities” governing overall similarity between possible worlds.
The Effect of Different Feeding Protocols on Compensatory Growth of Black Sea Trout Salmo trutta labrax
Authors: Kocabaş Mehmet , Başçınar Nadir , Kayım Murathan , Er Halil , Şahin Halit 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different feeding protocols on compensatory growth, feeding rate, and feed conversion efficiency of Black Sea Trout Salmo trutta labrax. To our knowledge, no previous feeding experiments with Black Sea Trout have incorporated a fasting period to simulate the handling and acclimation conditions experienced by farmed fish. Fifteen fish per tank (10.69 ± 0.06 cm and 13.22 ± 0.14 g, mean ± SE) were stocked into 40-L fiberglass tanks. Fish were fed with different fasting–feeding regimes for 95 d and were equally allotted to four treatments (Tcont: control; T5–10: 5 d fasting, 10 days feeding; T10–10: 10 d fasting, 10 d feeding; and T15–10: 15 d fasting, 10 d feeding) with three replicates per treatment. The results indicated that length (P = 0.0005), weight (P = 0.000), condition factor (P = 0.013), and specific growth rate (P = 0.014) were significantly affected by the interaction between feeding and time. All fasting treatments showed partial compensation during refeeding. There was an increase in daily feeding rate and feed conversion efficiency in fasting treatments compared with the control treatment. In contrast, at the end of the experiment specific growth rate, condition factor, and body weight in fasting treatments were significantly lower compared with the control treatment. We concluded that there was partial compensation of growth with regular refeeding after periods of feed deprivation (e.g., 5, 10, or 15 d) over a long term and a shorter fasting period may be preferred in order to achieve compensatory growth.
The ecological benefits of interceptive eavesdropping
Authors: Ridley Amanda R. , Wiley Elizabeth M. , Thompson Alex M. 
Published: July 2013

Summary

Eavesdropping behaviour can increase the total amount of information available to an individual and therefore has the potential to provide substantial benefits. Recent research has suggested that some species are ‘information givers’, particularly social species with cooperative vigilance systems, and that these species may consequently affect community structure by influencing the behaviour and niche utilization of other species.

Here, using behavioural observations and playback experiments, we compared the behavioural change in a solitary species (the scimitarbill) and a social species (the pied babbler), to the presence and alarm calls of one another.

Our results revealed that scimitarbills underwent significant behavioural changes in the presence of social pied babblers: they reduced their vigilance rate by over 60%, increased their foraging efficiency and expanded their niche by moving into open habitat and excavating subterranean food items. In contrast, pied babblers – who have an effective intraspecific sentinel system – did not show significant behavioural changes to the presence or alarm calls of scimitarbills.

These results suggest that interspecific interceptive eavesdropping can provide significant benefits, influencing the behaviour and habitat utilization of eavesdropping species.
Identification of a putative cognate sensor kinase for the two‐component response regulator HrpG, a key regulator controlling the expression of the hrp genes in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris
Authors: Li Rui‐Fang , Lu Guang‐Tao , Li Lei , Su Hui‐Zhao , Feng Guo‐fang , Chen Ya , He Yong‐Qiang , Jiang Bo‐Le , Tang Dong‐Jie , Tang Ji‐Liang 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) relies on the hrp (hypersensitive response and pathogenicity) genes to cause disease and induce hypersensitive response (HR). The hrp genes of bacterial phytopathogens are divided into two groups. Xcc hrp genes belong to group II. It has long been known that the group II hrp genes are activated by an AraC‐type transcriptional regulator whose expression is controlled by a two‐component system (TCS) response regulator (named HrpG in Xcc). However, no cognate sensor kinase has yet been identified. Here, we present evidence showing that the Xcc open‐reading frame XC_3670 encodes a TCS sensor kinase (named HpaS). Mutation of hpaS almost completely abolished the HR induction and virulence. Bacterial two‐hybrid and protein pull‐down assays revealed that HpaS physically interacted with HrpG. Phos‐tag™ SDS‐PAGE analysis showed that mutation in hpaS reduced markedly the phosphorylation of HrpG in vivo. These data suggest that HpaS and HrpG are most likely to form a TCS. We also showed that XC_3669 (named hpaR2), which is adjacent to hpaS and encodes a putative TCS response regulator, is required for full virulence but not HR induction. HpaR2 also physically interacted with HpaS, suggesting that HpaS may also form another TCS with HpaR2.
Case Method in the Teaching of Food Safety
Authors: Gallego Alfredo , Fortunato María S. , Rossi Susana L. , Korol Sonia E. , Moretton Juan A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOne of the fundamental aims of education is the integration of theory and practice. The case method is a teaching strategy in which students must apply their knowledge to solve real‐life situations. They have to analyze the case described and propose the best possible solution. Although the case may be written, the use of new information and communication technologies can develop the case plan in ways that would achieve greater realism and widen the possibilities for discussion. This paper describes our experience in implementing the case method to teach food safety in the Chair of Hygiene. At first this methodology was used to improve the teaching of good practices in food preparation, later practical work was implemented where small groups of students designed and carried out the microbiological analysis of suspected food. This practical work was presented online as a multimedia activity; students were given face‐to‐face and on‐line tutoring. Evaluation was based both on students’ performance and on a survey they had to answer. More than 92% of students regarded the methodology used for the understanding of the unit as sound. Professors collaboration on providing guidance and multimedia presentation were also positively assessed. The bringing together of face‐to‐face and virtual tasks and small‐group discussion of cases under professors guidance contributed to making good use of the positive aspects of this methodology in order to improve the understanding of problems which do not always have a single answer.
A Summative Evaluation of a Food Safety Social Marketing Campaign “4‐Day Throw‐Away” Using Traditional and Social Media
Authors: James Katie J. , Albrecht Julie A. , Litchfield Ruth E. , Weishaar Christopher A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFoodborne illnesses remain a common problem in the United States. Focus group results indicated that lack of knowledge and improper handling of leftovers were common among food preparers in families with young children. The USDA‐recommended storage time for leftovers was used to develop and conduct a food safety social marketing campaign, 4 Day Throw Away using both traditional and social media. A procedural model for developing a theory‐based nutrition education intervention and the Health Belief Model were used to design, implement, and evaluate this campaign. The #4 mascot made numerous public appearances (in person and TV) to convey the 4 Day Throw Away message; 10000 magnets were distributed; and 500 posters with tear‐off note card were posted in the traditional campaign. Magnets and note card directed recipients to a website (4984 visits) with food safety information about leftovers. The social media campaign included 4 YouTube videos (11759 views); a Facebook page (166 users with over 21240 post views); and 51 followers on Twitter. The use of multiple media channels increased awareness and intention to change health behaviors especially among parents of children 10 and younger. Both traditional and social media methods in the 4 Day Throw Away campaign reached the intended audience suggesting that interventions using a mix of media channels broaden the reach and potential for intended behavior change.
Cryopreservation in artichoke: towards a phytosanitary qualified germplasm collection
Authors: Tavazza R. , Lucioli A. , Benelli C. , Giorgi D. , D'Aloisio E. , Papacchioli V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractArtichoke is of great economic significance in the Mediterranean basin. Although Italy has the richest primary cultivated gene pool, only a limited number of varietal types are vegetatively propagated to fit market demand. This could lead to the erosion of genetic resources. The development of cryopreservation procedures for the ex situ conservation of the genetic resources of artichoke is advisable not only to counter genetic erosion, but also to develop a certified phytosanitary germplasm collection. In this study, several parameters were tested in order to set up a simple and efficient procedure for the cryopreservation of artichoke shoot tips, based on vitrification/one‐step cooling, which was successfully applied to two spring cultivars ‘Grato 1’ and ‘Campagnano’. Cold acclimation prior to cooling was essential for tissue recovery and regrowth. The size of the shoot tips was also critical, and medium size tips (3–4 mm in length) proved to be the best responding starting material. The best survival percentage of cryopreserved shoot tips was 61% for ‘Grato1’ and 55% for ‘Campagnano’. Cryopreserved shoot tips developed directly into plantlets, which proved to be stable in terms of chromosome numbers. The cryopreservation procedure was notably effective in eliminating the endemic Artichoke Latent virus (ArLV) from both cultivars, irrespective of the shoot tip size used, which were up to 10 times the size used in meristem cultures for virus elimination. All plantlets analyzed for ArLV by RT‐PCR were virus‐free eight months after regeneration. An analysis of ArLV elimination and chromosome numbers of cryopreserved artichoke plants is presented here for the first time.
The global bio‐economy
Authors: Swinnen Johan , Riera Olivia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThroughout history, agriculture and natural resources have been used for the production of food, feed, fibre, fuel, and environmental goods. Recent developments in demand both in terms of quantity and quality, technology, and traditional energy and chemistry markets have reinforced the demand for nonfood applications. These developments, in combination with increased consumer demands for various food characteristics, have led to a rapidly growing and globally integrated “bio‐economy.” This article introduces and summarizes the plenary papers on the opportunities and challenges for the bio‐economy that were presented at the 28th triennial conference of the International Association of Agricultural Economists (IAAE) in Brazil. The following aspects of the bio‐economy are covered: finance, volatility, poverty, conflict, productivity, investment, resource constraints, and governance.
Water and food in the bioeconomy: challenges and opportunities for development
Authors: Rosegrant Mark W. , Ringler Claudia , Zhu Tingju , Tokgoz Simla , Bhandary Prapti 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe world economy is under pressure for greater, more efficient and more sustainable use of natural resources to meet complementary and competing objectives in the food, water and energy sectors. Interactions between these three sectors have become increasingly affected by the bioeconomy—a concept that encompasses economic growth driven by the development of renewable biological resources and biotechnologies to produce sustainable products, employment and income. This article explores how water and the bioeconomy are interlinked, including how the constraints from growing water scarcity—in part caused by development of the bioeconomy—may influence bioeconomic growth. The article describes the impact of biofuel production on water quantity and quality and examines the potential for improved water use through the development of crop biotechnology and improved crop management. Then alternative scenarios for water in the bioeconomy are assessed, and policy conclusions are presented.
Agriculture and development: revisiting the policy narratives
Authors: Dercon Stefan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis essay questions the way the findings from research on agriculture in poor countries tend to be summarized in policy narratives, and more specifically the role agricultural economics tends to play in this process. I conclude that there is a tendency to overstate the role agriculture plays in development and, as a result, some of the wrong battles are being fought in the policy advocacy arena, and inappropriate advice is being offered to policy makers. A more open and self‐critical approach to the place of agriculture in development would be more helpful for policy design.
Population‐based analysis of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening in younger men (<55 years) in Australia
Authors: Ranasinghe Weranja K.B. , Kim Simon P. , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Sengupta Shomik , Hounsome Luke , Barber Jim , Jones Richard , Davis Paul , Bolton Damien , Persad Raj 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To analyse the trends in opportunistic PSA screening in Australia, focusing on younger men (<55 years of age), to examine the effects of this screening on transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)‐guided biopsy rates and to determine the nature of prostate cancers (PCas) being detected.
Subjects and Methods
All men who received an opportunistic screening PSA test and TRUS‐guided biopsy between 2001 and 2008 in Australia were analysed using data from the Australian Cancer registry (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare) and Medicare databases. The Victorian cancer registry was used to obtain Gleason scores.
Age‐standardized and age‐specific rates were calculated, along with the incidence of PCa, and correlated with Gleason scores.
Results
A total 5 174 031 PSA tests detected 128 167 PCas in the period 2001–2008. During this period, PSA testing increased by 146% (a mean of 4629 tests per 100 000 men annually), with 80 and 59% increases in the rates of TRUS‐guided biopsy and incidence of PCa, respectively.
The highest increases in PSA screening occurred in men <55 years old and up to 1101 men had to be screened to detect one incident case of PCa (0.01%).
Screening resulted in two thirds of men aged <55 years receiving a negative TRUS biopsy.
There was no correlation with Gleason >7 tumours in patients aged <55 years.
Conclusion
Despite the ongoing controversy about the merits of PCa screening, there was an increase in PSA testing, especially in men <55 years old, leading to a modestly higher incidence of PCa in Australia.
Overall, PSA screening was associated with high rates of negative TRUS‐biopsy and the detection of low/intermediate grade PCa among younger patients.
Laparoendoscopic single‐site (LESS) robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy: comparison with conventional multiport technique in the management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Lim Sey Kiat , Shin Tae‐Young , Kim Kwang Hyun , Han Woong Kyu , Chung Byung Ha , Hong Sung Joon , Choi Young Deuk , Rha Koon Ho 
Published: July 2013

Objective
To compare the peri‐operative, pathological and oncological outcomes of laparoendoscopic single‐site (LESS) robot‐assisted nephroureterectomy (LESS‐RALNU) with those of multiport robot‐asssisted nephroureterectomy (M‐RALNU).
Patients and Methods
A total of 38 patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma underwent LESS‐RALNU (n = 17) or M‐RALNU (n = 21) by a single surgeon at a tertiary institution.
Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database.
Results
Patients' demographics and tumour characteristics were similar between the M‐RALNU and LESS‐RALNU groups.
The mean follow‐up was 48.4 months for M‐RALNU and 30.9 months for LESS‐RALNU (P = 0). The mean operating time, estimated blood loss and length of hospitalization for M‐RALNU and LESS‐RALNU were 251 min, 192 mL, 6.5 days and 247 min, 376 mL and 5.4 days, respectively (P > 0.05).
Overall, there were no significant differences in complication rates, although three patients in the LESS‐RALNU group required blood transfusion, whereas no patient in the M‐RALNU group did (P = 0.081).
The proportion of patients with bladder recurrence, local recurrence and distant metastases was similar between the two groups.
There were no significant differences in the recurrence‐free survival, cancer‐specific survival and overall survival rates between the two groups.
Conclusions
Although the oncological and peri‐operative outcomes of patients who underwent LESS‐RALNU compared well with those who underwent M‐RALNU and with series of other surgical approaches, LESS‐RALNU might result in greater intra‐operative blood loss.
We suggest careful selection of patient for this technique.
Antiproliferative Diarylpyrazole Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of the ERK Pathway and COX‐2
Authors: El‐Gamal Mohammed I. , Choi Hong Seok , Yoo Kyung Ho , Baek Daejin , Oh Chang‐Hyun 
Published: July 2013

A series of 3,4‐diarylpyrazole‐1‐carboxamide derivatives was designed and synthesized. A selected group of the target compounds was tested for in vitro antiproliferative activities over a panel of 60 cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute (NCI, Bethesda, MD, USA) at a single‐dose concentration of 10 μm, and the four most active compounds 9a, 9l, 9n, and 10o were further tested in a five‐dose testing mode to determine their IC50 values over the 60 cell lines. In addition, a selected group of target compounds were tested for inhibitory effect over cyclooxygenase isozymes. Compounds 9a, 9l, 9n, and 10o were also tested for MEK and ERK kinase inhibitory activity using Western blot assay. Compound 10o was selective toward melanoma cell line subpanel, and its antiproliferative activity may be attributed to selective cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibition and ERK pathway inhibition.
Connecting tube colonic erosion and gastrocolic fistula formation following late gastric band erosion
Authors: Blouhos K. , Boulas K. A. , Katsaouni S. P. , Salpigktidis I. I. , Mauroeidi B. , Ioannidis K. , Hatzigeorgiadis A. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBand erosion is a rare complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) with a reported prevalence varying from 0.3% to 14%. Intraluminal colonic erosion of the connecting tube is very rare, as only isolated cases have been described. Consequently, simultaneous gastric band erosion and connecting tube colonic erosion is an extremely rare event. Herein, we present a case of a woman with morbid obesity, who submitted to LABG 4 years ago. The patient presented with symptoms and signs of right lower quadrant peritonitis. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated migration of the band into the gastric lumen, inflammation around the intra‐abdominal course of the connecting tube and an inflammatory mass surrounding the tube at the right lower quadrant. Laparotomy revealed the eroded band, the eroded transverse colon from the connecting tube, a gastrocolic fistula along the course of the tube and a right lower quadrant phlegmon. The connecting tube was mobilized from the surrounding adherent tissues, the gastric band removed, the stomach and colon walls closed, and the gastrocolic fistula excised. To our knowledge this is the second case of concurrent band erosion and connecting tube colonic erosion along with gastrocolic fistula formation in a patient with morbid obesity treated with LAGB.