bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Russian feminist perspectives on Pussy Riot
Authors: Sperling Valerie 
Published: July 2014

While Pussy Riot's “Punk Prayer” and its aftermath constituted something of a turning point for Russia politically - as well as personally for the women imprisoned afterwards - it was neither the first nor last of Pussy Riot's endeavors. Among other things, their series of songs, published as video clips on the web, endorsed mass protest against the Putin regime, criticized state-sponsored homophobia, and praised feminism as a possible curative for Russia's many ills. In setting forth their ideas, however, Pussy Riot's lyricists made use of traditional masculine and feminine gender norms as well as homophobia, wielding these against their opponents in the regime and thereby reinforcing them in ways that other self-identified Russian feminists found problematic at best.In this article, I review Pussy Riot's collection of songs in chronological order, highlighting the areas where gender norms and apparent misogyny, sexism, and homophobia appear. I weave my explications of the content of Pussy Riot's productions in with the responses of Russian feminist activists to Pussy Riot's lyrics and actions. Taking into account the views of some non-feminist Russian commentators in addition to self-identified feminist activists, I discuss a range of evaluations of the content of Pussy Riot's compositions, as well as differing appraisals of the means that Pussy Riot employed to achieve what they viewed as feminist ends: undermining or even unseating the Putin regime.
Sleep/wake behaviours of elite athletes from individual and team sports
Authors: Lastella Michele , Roach Gregory D. , Halson Shona L. , Sargent Charli 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSleep is an essential component for athlete recovery due to its physiological and psychological restorative effects, yet few studies have explored the habitual sleep/wake behaviour of elite athletes. The aims of the present study were to investigate the habitual sleep/wake behaviour of elite athletes, and to compare the differences in sleep between athletes from individual and team sports. A total of 124 (104 male, 20 female) elite athletes (mean ± s: age 22.2 ± 3.0 years) from five individual sports and four team sports participated in this study. Participants' sleep/wake behaviour was assessed using self‐report sleep diaries and wrist activity monitors for a minimum of seven nights (range 7–28 nights) during a typical training phase. Mixed‐effects analyses of variances were conducted to compare the differences in the sleep/wake behaviour of athletes from two sport types (i.e. individual and team). Overall, this sample of athletes went to bed at 22:59 ± 1.3, woke up at 07:15 ± 1.2 and obtained 6.8 ± 1.1 h of sleep per night. Athletes from individual sports went to bed earlier, woke up earlier and obtained less sleep (individual vs team; 6.5 vs 7.0 h) than athletes from team sports. These data indicate that athletes obtain well below the recommended 8 h of sleep per night, with shorter sleep durations existing among athletes from individual sports.
Numerical Solution of the Spin-1 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chains by Using a Projector Method
Authors: Sun Gang 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
An efficient projector Monte Carlo method has been used to calculate the energies of the ground state and the first excited state, and hence the gap between them, of the spin-1 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains with linear sizes up to

. We have computed them on chains up to

. We have found that the size-dependence of the ground state energy per site has the form

, which implies that there is a gap between the ground state and the first excited state. The value of the ground state energy per site as

is

. The direct extrapolation of

also shows that a gap of

exists as

.
Incidence of Herpes Zoster and Persistent Post-Zoster Pain in Adults With or Without Diabetes in the United States
Authors: Suaya Jose A. , Chen Shih-Yin , Li Qian , Burstin Stuart J. , Levin Myron J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background.  This study was designed to assess the association between diabetes and herpes zoster (HZ) and persistent post-zoster pain (PPZP).
Methods.  We used a United States-based, 2005–2009 retrospective observational study of medical and pharmacy claims from adults in 3 large national databases. Incidence rate ratios were used to compare HZ incidence by diabetes status. Multivariate regressions assessed the age and sex-adjusted risk of diabetes on HZ and PPZP as a function of immune competence. National projections of HZ and PPZP cases were obtained.
Results.  Among 51 million enrollees (∼88 million person-years [PYs] at risk), we identified 420 515 HZ cases. Patients with diabetes represented 8.7% of the PYs analyzed but accounted for 14.5% of the HZ cases and 20.3% of the PPZP cases. The crude incidence of HZ was 78% higher (7.96 vs 4.48 cases/1000 PY; P &lt; .01) and the rate of PPZP was 50% higher (5.97% vs 3.93%; P &lt; .01) in individuals with diabetes than without. Individuals with diabetes had 45% higher adjusted risk of HZ (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.45; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 1.43–1.46) and 18% higher adjusted odds of PPZP (odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI, 1.13–1.24). The risk of HZ associated with diabetes among immune-compromised individuals was weaker (HR = 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07–1.14) and the risk of PPZP was no longer significant. Every year, approximately 1.2 million HZ cases occur in US adults, 13% of these occur in individuals with diabetes.
Conclusions.  Diabetes is a risk factor for HZ and PPZP in the US adult population. This association is stronger in immune-competent individuals.
Sequencing of the human IG light chain loci from a hydatidiform mole BAC library reveals locus-specific signatures of genetic diversity
Authors: Watson Corey T. , Steinberg Karyn Meltz , Graves Tina A. , Warren Rene L. , Malig Maika , Schein Jacqueline , Wilson Richard K. , Holt Robert A. , Eichler Evan E. , Breden Felix 
Published: July 2014

AbstractGermline variation at immunoglobulin gene (IG) loci is critical for pathogen-mediated immunity, but establishing complete reference sequences in these regions is problematic because of segmental duplications and somatically rearranged source DNA. We sequenced BAC clones from the essentially haploid hydatidiform mole, CHM1, across the light chain IG loci, kappa (IGK) and lambda (IGL), creating single haplotype representations of these regions. The IGL haplotype is 1.25Mb of contiguous sequence with four novel V gene and one novel C gene alleles and an 11.9kbp insertion. The IGK haplotype consists of two 644kbp proximal and 466kbp distal contigs separated by a gap also present in the reference genome sequence. Our effort added an additional 49kbp of unique sequence extending into this gap. The IGK haplotype contains six novel V gene and one novel J gene alleles and a 16.7kbp region with increased sequence identity between the two IGK contigs, exhibiting signatures of interlocus gene conversion. Our data facilitated the first comparison of nucleotide diversity between the light and IG heavy (IGH) chain haplotypes within a single genome, revealing a three to six fold enrichment in the IGH locus, supporting the theory that the heavy chain may be more important in determining antigenic specificity.
Territoriality and home‐range dynamics in meerkats, Suricata suricatta: a mechanistic modelling approach
Authors: Bateman Andrew W. , Lewis Mark A. , Gall Gabriella , Manser Marta B. , Clutton‐Brock Tim H. 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Multiple approaches exist to model patterns of space use across species, among them resource selection analysis, statistical home‐range modelling and mechanistic movement modelling. Mechanistic home‐range models combine the benefits of these approaches, describing emergent territorial patterns based on fine‐scale individual‐ or group‐movement rules and incorporating interactions with neighbours and the environment. These models have not, to date, been extended to dynamic contexts.

Using mechanistic home‐range models, we explore meerkat (Suricata suricatta) territorial patterns, considering scent marking, direct group interactions and habitat selection. We also extend the models to accommodate dynamic aspects of meerkat territoriality (territory development and territory shift).

We fit models, representing multiple working hypotheses, to data from a long‐term meerkat study in South Africa, and we compare models using Akaike's and Bayesian Information Criteria.

Our results identify important features of meerkat territorial patterns. Notably, larger groups do not seem to control larger territories, and groups apparently prefer dune edges along a dry river bed.

Our model extensions capture instances in which 1) a newly formed group interacts more strongly with its parent groups over time and 2) a group moves its territory core out of aversive habitat. This extends our mechanistic modelling framework in previously unexplored directions.
The Emerging Post-Crisis Financial Architecture: The Path-Dependency of Ideational Adverse Selection
Authors: Underhill Geoffrey R. D. 
Published: July 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Contributes to the debate on policy change and economic ideas after the crisis, finding ideas and material interests to be closely aligned and introducing the notion of ‘ideational adverse selection’. Establishes that pre-crisis financial governance failed to provide financial stability yet provided benefits to precisely those whose advocacy underpinned its emergence. Argues that despite the adoption of a ‘macroprudential approach’, the post-crisis reform of financial governance promulgated by the Basel Commitee and IOSCO does not (yet) admit of a ‘paradigm shift’. Concludes that if ideational change and a shift in policy approach is to take place, the nature of the policy community as ‘input’ must also change. This article focuses on two cases of transnational financial governance that confirm that ideas and material interests are closely aligned in the construction of regulatory institutions at the international level: the Basel-II/III international capital adequacy standards and the IOSCO-based regulatory processes that underpin cross-border securities markets. The article first establishes that the pre-crisis system of financial regulation and supervision left public authorities dependent on private sector expertise and information provision such that policy idea-sets became increasingly aligned with private sector preferences. Secondly, this market-based system of financial governance provided benefits to precisely those whose advocacy underpinned its emergence while facilitating neither financial stability nor resolving the weaknesses of national-level governance in a context of cross-border integration. Lastly, it remains unclear if either pre-crisis alternatives or the lessons of the crisis itself have been applied properly to the reforms. The reform debate continues to pursue an essentially market-based approach to the problem of financial governance at the national, regional and global levels. Policy failure endogenous to a pre-crisis regulatory coalition has so far failed to disturb the tenacity of material interests and inertia of institutional path dependency.
Community Leadership and the Construction of Political Legitimacy: Unpacking Bourdieu's ‘Political Capital’ in Post‐Apartheid Johannesburg
Authors: Bénit‐Gbaffou Claire , Katsaura Obvious 
Published: July 2014

AbstractApart from local monographs and normative texts on community participation, research on community leadership constitutes a blind spot in urban leadership, urban politics, social movements and urban studies. This article, based on case studies in post‐apartheid Johannesburg, contributes to theorizing community leadership, or informal local political leadership, by exploring Bourdieu's concepts of ‘political capital’ and ‘double dealings’. Considering community leaders as brokers between local residents and various institutions (in South Africa, the state and the party), we examine how leaders construct their political legitimacy, both towards ‘the bottom’ (building and maintaining their constituencies), and towards ‘the top’ (seeking and sustaining recognition from fractions of the party and the state). These legitimation processes are often in tension, pulling community leaders in contradictory directions, usefully understood under Bourdieu's concept of ‘double dealings’. Community leaders are required, more than formally elected political leaders, to constantly reassert their legitimacy in multiple local public arenas due to the informal nature of their mandate and the high level of political competition between them — with destructive consequences for local polity but also the potential for increased accountability to their followers. We finally reflect on the relevance of this theoretical framework, inspired by Bourdieu, beyond South African urban politics.
Effects of various whey proteins on the physicochemical and textural properties of set type nonfat yoghurt
Authors: Delikanli Berrak , Ozcan Tulay 
Published: July 2014

In this study, the changes during storage in the physicochemical, textural and sensory properties of nonfat yoghurts fortified with whey proteins, namely whey protein concentrates (WPC), whey protein isolates and whey protein hydrolysates, were investigated. Enrichment of nonfat yoghurt with the whey protein additives (1% w/v) had a noticeable effect on pH, titratable acidity, syneresis, water‐holding capacity, protein contents and colour values on the 14th day of storage (P < 0.01). The addition of whey proteins to the yoghurt milk led to increases in the hardness, cohesiveness and elasticity values, resulting in improved textural properties. The addition of WPC improved the texture of set‐type nonfat yoghurt with greater sizes in the gel network as well as lower syneresis and higher water holding capacity. This study suggests that the addition of whey protein additives used for fortification of yoghurt gave the best textural and sensory properties that were maintained constant during the shelf life.
Protocol for CT in the position of discomfort: Preoperative assessment of femoroacetabular impingement – how we do it and what the surgeon wants to know
Authors: Grabinski Rafal , Ou Daniel , Saunder Kate , Rotstein Andrew , Singh Parminder , Pritchard Michael , O'Donnell John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe use of computed tomography of the hip in a position of discomfort (CT‐POD) in combination with 2D and 3D surface rendering is a technique increasingly used to aid in the assessment and confirmation of femoral and acetabular bony abnormalities related to femoroacetabular impingement. The purpose of this article is to describe this dynamic method of assessment.MethodsPatients referred by orthopaedic surgeons for assessment of femoroacetabular impingement as part of preoperative planning and patients who required postoperative assessment of residual bony abnormalities were selected.ResultsThis article describes the CT‐POD technique and the information required by the referring surgeon.ConclusionCT‐POD is a new technique that provides valuable preoperative and postoperative information to the surgeon.
Two missense mutations in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) are strongly associated with dark ventral coat color in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Våge D. I. , Nieminen M. , Anderson D. G. , Røed K. H. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe protein‐coding region of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) was sequenced to identify potential variation affecting coat color in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). A T→C sequence variation at nucleotide position 218 (c.218T>C) causing an amino acid (aa) change from methionine to threonine at aa position 73 (p.Met73Thr) was identified. In addition, a T→G sequence variation was found at nucleotide position 839 (c.839T>G), causing phenylalanine to be exchanged by cysteine at aa position 280 (p.Phe280Cys). The two sequence variants (c.218C and c.839G) were found to be closely associated with a darker belly coat compared with animals not having any of these two variants. The aa acid change p.Met73Thr affects the same position as p.Met73Lys previously reported to give constitutive activation of MC1R in black sheep (Ovis aries), whereas p.Phe280Cys is identical to one of two variants previously reported to be associated with dark coat color in Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), supporting that the two variants found in reindeer are functional. The complete absence of Thr73 and Cys280 among the 51 wild reindeer analyzed provides some evidence that these variants are more common in the domestic herds.
Late‐onset cerebellar abiotrophy in a Labrador Retriever
Authors: Bertalan A , Glass EN , Kent M , De LaHunta A , Bradley C 
Published: July 2014

Case reportA 5‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was examined for a hindlimb gait abnormality. Initial neurological examination was consistent with vestibular dysfunction. Over the course of 1 year, signs progressed to reflect cerebellar ataxia, vertical nystagmus and delayed postural reactions in all limbs. At the initial examination, subjective evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain was considered normal. Repeat imaging at 1 year after initial examination revealed a reduction in the size of the cerebellum. Retrospectively, the size of the cerebellum on the initial MRI was small when assessed using an objective measurement algorithm. Postmortem histopathological evaluation of the brain showed diffuse degeneration of Purkinje cell neurones with secondary granule cell loss in the cerebellum, in addition to pigment inclusions in brainstem neurones.ConclusionThe clinical history and clinicopathological data are consistent with late‐onset cerebellar abiotrophy, which has not previously been described in this breed.
Modified renal function in pregnancy: impact on emtricitabine pharmacokinetics
Authors: Valade Elodie , Tréluyer Jean‐Marc , Dabis François , Arrivé Elise , Pannier Emmanuelle , Benaboud Sihem , Fauchet Floris , Bouazza Naïm , Foissac Frantz , Urien Saïk , Hirt Déborah 
Published: July 2014

AimsThe aims were to describe emtricitabine (FTC) pharmacokinetics in a large population of pregnant women during the different trimesters of pregnancy, and to explain FTC pharmacokinetic variability during pregnancy.MethodsFTC plasma concentrations were measured in 103 non‐pregnant and 83 pregnant women, including women in the different trimesters of pregnancy and on the day of delivery. A total of 457 plasma concentrations were available for analysis. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with Monolix 4.1.3.ResultsFTC pharmacokinetics was best described by a two compartment model. The effect of creatinine clearance on apparent elimination clearance (CL/F) was significant. CL/F in pregnant women was significantly higher compared with non‐pregnant women (geometric mean 24.1 vs 20.5 l h−1, P < 0.001), reflecting a modified renal function. FTC daily exposures (AUC) during pregnancy were lower than AUC in non‐pregnant women, regardless of the trimester of pregnancy. FTC AUC geometric means were 8.38 mg l−1 h in the second trimester of pregnancy, 8.16 mg l−1 h in the third trimester of pregnancy, 8.30 mg l−1 h on the day of delivery and 9.77 mg l−1 h in non‐pregnant women. FTC concentrations 24 h after administration were lower in pregnant women compared with non‐pregnant women (0.054 vs. 0.079 mg l−1, P < 0.001) but still above the inhibitory concentration 50%.ConclusionsFTC CL/F was increased by 18% during pregnancy, reflecting a modified renal function with 50% increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate. However, the impact of this modified renal function on FTC pharmacokinetics was not sufficiently large to consider dose adjustments during pregnancy.
Trends and Factors Associated with Self‐Reported Receipt of Preconception Care: PRAMS, 2004–2010
Authors: Oza‐Frank Reena , Gilson Elizabeth , Keim Sarah A. , Lynch Courtney D. , Klebanoff Mark A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPreconception care (PCC) is a form of primary prevention for promoting health, assessing risk, and intervening to modify risk factors to try to improve maternal and infant outcomes. Clinical provision of preconception care before and after the release of recommendations has not been evaluated. Our objective was to determine trends in self‐reported receipt of PCC from 2004 to 2010, and factors associated with self‐reported receipt of PCC.MethodsPregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) data from 12 states were used to determine trends in PCC. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with self‐reported receipt of PCC.ResultsThe sample consisted of n = 64,084 women, with 30.8 percent reporting receipt of PCC. PCC increased from 30.3 percent in 2004 to 32.6 percent in 2010 (p = 0.08 for trend). Women who were younger, with lower household income, or with a preterm birth were less likely to report PCC. Women with lower levels of education, who were non‐Hispanic black, intending pregnancy, without previous children, or with prepregnancy government insurance were more likely to report PCC.ConclusionsOnly one‐third of women with a recent live birth report receipt of any PCC. There is a need to increase PCC receipt, especially among populations that demonstrate lower levels.
The Case for Early Intervention to Reduce the Impact of Intimate Partner Abuse on Child Outcomes: Results of an Australian Cohort of First‐Time Mothers
Authors: Gartland Deirdre , Woolhouse Hannah , Mensah Fiona K. , Hegarty Kelsey , Hiscock Harriet , Brown Stephanie J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner abuse is a major contributor to death, disability, and illness in women of childbearing age, but little is known about population level impact on children.MethodProspective pregnancy cohort of 1,507 first‐time mothers recruited from six public hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. Follow‐up included validated measures of intimate partner abuse at 1 and 4 years (Composite Abuse Scale) and child emotional and behavioral difficulties at 4 years (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire).ResultsTwenty‐nine percent of mothers reported partner abuse in the first 4 years postpartum: 20 percent reported abuse in the first year and 21 percent at 4 years; 12 percent of mothers reported abuse at both time points. Children of mothers reporting abuse at both times were more likely to experience emotional and/or behavioral difficulties at age 4, compared to children of mothers not reporting abuse, after adjusting for maternal depressive symptoms, relationship transitions and other social characteristics (Adj. OR 2.6 [95% CI 1.2–5.5]).ConclusionsIntimate partner abuse impacted the lives of one in four children. Children of mothers reporting abuse at both time points were at most risk of emotional/behavioral difficulties. The case for early intervention to reduce the impact of intimate partner abuse on women's and children's lives is compelling.