bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ammonium nitrate and iron nutrition effects on some nitrogen assimilation enzymes and metabolites in Spirulina platensis
Authors: Esen Merve , Ozturk Urek Raziye 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe effect of various concentrations of ammonium nitrate (5–60 mM), an economical nitrogen source, on the growth, nitrate–ammonium uptake rates, production of some pigments and metabolites, and some nitrogen assimilation enzymes such as nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in Spirulina platensis (Gamont) Geitler was investigated. Ten millimolars of ammonium nitrate stimulated the growth, production of pigments and the other metabolites, and enzyme activities, whereas 30 and 60 mM ammonium nitrate caused inhibition. In the presence of 10 mM ammonium nitrate, different concentrations of iron were tried in the growth media of S. platensis. After achieving the best growth, levels of metabolite and pigment production, and enzyme activities in the presence of 10 mM ammonium nitrate as a nitrogen source, different iron concentrations (10–100 µM) were tried in the growth medium of S. platensis. The highest growth, pigment and metabolite levels, and enzyme activities were determined in the medium containing 50 µM iron and 10 mM ammonium nitrate. In this optimum condition, the highest dry biomass level, chlorophyll a, and pyruvate contents were obtained as 55.42 ± 3.8 mg mL−1, 93.114 ± 7.9 µg g−1, and 212.5 ± 18.7 µg g−1, respectively. The highest NR, NiR, GS, and GOGAT activities were 67.16 ± 5.1, 777.92 ± 52, 0.141 ± 0.01, and 44.45 ± 3.6, respectively. Additionally, 10 mM ammonium nitrate is an economical and efficient nitrogen source for nitrogen assimilation of S. platensis, and 50 µM iron is optimum for the growth of S. platensis.
Postmastectomy radiation therapy for T3N0: A SEER analysis
Authors: Johnson Matthew E. , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Martin Jeffrey M. , Hayes Shelly B. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUNDThere is conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for pathologic stage T3N0M0 breast cancers. We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to investigate the benefit of PMRT in this patient population.METHODSWe queried the SEER database for T3N0M0 breast cancer patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 who underwent modified radical mastectomy. We excluded males, patients with unknown radiation timing/type, other primary tumors, and survival <6 months. A total of 2525 patients were included in the analysis. We performed univariate and multivariate statistical analysis using chi‐square tests, log‐rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards regression. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).RESULTSOf the 2525 patients identified, 1063 received PMRT. The median follow‐up was 56 months (range, 6‐131 months). On univariate analysis, PMRT improved OS (76.5% vs 61.8%, P<.01) and CSS (85.0% vs 82.4%, P<.01) at 8 years. The use of PMRT remained significant on multivariate analysis: PMRT improved OS (hazard ratio 0.63, P<.001) and CSS (hazard ratio 0.77, P = .045). Low tumor grade (P<.01) and marital status of “married” (P = .01) also was a predictor of improved CSS on multivariate analysis.CONCLUSIONSPMRT was associated with significant improvements in both CSS and OS in patients with T3N0M0 breast cancers treated with modified radical mastectomy from 2000 to 2010. PMRT should be strongly considered in T3N0M0 patients.Postmastectomy radiation therapy is associated with significant improvements in overall and cause‐specific survival in patients with T3N0M0 breast cancers treated with modified radical mastectomy from 2000 to 2010 in the SEER database. Postmastectomy radiation therapy should be strongly considered for patients who have T3N0M0 tumors. Cancer 2014;120:3569–3574. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Stacking of Benzene with Metal Chelates: Calculated CCSD(T)/CBS Interaction Energies and Potential‐Energy Curves
Authors: Malenov Dušan P. , Ninković Dragan B. , Sredojević Dušan N. , Zarić Snežana D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAccurate values for the energies of stacking interactions of nickel‐ and copper‐based six‐membered chelate rings with benzene are calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS level. The results show that calculations made at the ωB97xD/def2‐TZVP level are in excellent agreement with CCSD(T)/CBS values. The energies of [Cu(C3H3O2)(HCO2)] and [Ni(C3H3O2)(HCO2)] chelates stacking with benzene are −6.39 and −4.77 kcal mol−1, respectively. Understanding these interactions might be important for materials with properties that are dependent on stacking interactions.
Ecohydrological flow networks in the subsurface
Authors: Band L. E. , McDonnell J. J. , Duncan J. M. , Barros A. , Bejan A. , Burt T. , Dietrich W. E. , Emanuel R. E. , Hwang T. , Katul G. , Kim Y. , McGlynn B. , Miles B. , Porporato A. , Scaife C. , Troch P. A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPreferential flow in hillslope systems through subsurface networks developed from a range of botanical, faunal and geophysical processes have been observed and inferred for decades and may provide a large component of the bulk transport of water and solutes. However, our dominant paradigm for understanding and modelling hillslope hydrologic processes is still based on the Darcy–Richards matric flow framework, now with a set of additional methods to attempt to reproduce some of the aggregate function of the two‐phase system of network and matrix flow. We call for a community effort to design and implement a set of well planned experiments in different natural and constructed hillslopes, coupled with the development of new theory and methods to explicitly incorporate and couple the co‐evolution of subsurface flow networks as intrinsic components of hydrological, ecological and geomorphic systems. This is a major community challenge that can now benefit from new experimental infrastructure, renewal of older infrastructure and recent advances in sensor systems and computational capacity but will also require a sustained and organized interdisciplinary approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic Effect of Lithium Perchlorate and Sodium Hydroxide in the Preparation of Electrochemically Treated Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Selective and Sensitive Bisphenol A Detection in Water Samples
Authors: Özcan Ali 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, pencil graphite electrodes were activated electrochemically in the presence of different supporting electrolytes and used for the selective and sensitive determination of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples. Synergistic effects of both LiClO4 and NaOH supporting electrolytes on the performance of the electrochemically treated pencil graphite electrode (ETPGE) were demonstrated in the oxidation of BPA. The electrochemical behavior of BPA on the ETPGE showed two irreversible oxidation peaks at 0.744 V and 0.877 V (vs. SCE). The detection limit was determined to be 3.1 nM. This single‐use electrode is a very promising candidate to overcome the passivation problems arising from the oxidation of BPA. The analytical application of the ETPGE was performed in tap and river water samples.
Palladium Particles‐Impregnated Natural Phosphate Electrodes for Electrochemical Determination of Mercury in Ambient Water Samples
Authors: El Aroui F. , Lahrich S. , Farahi A. , Achak M. , El Gaini L. , Bakasse M. , Bouzidi A. , El Mhammedi M. A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present here a simple procedure for the determination of mercury(II) using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) at palladium particles‐impregnated natural phosphate modified carbon paste electrodes (Pd‐NP‐CPE). The surface of modified electrode was characterized using SEM, infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and electrochemical analysis. All experimental variables involved in the voltammetric stripping method were optimized. The detection limit was found to be 4.99×10−8 mol L−1 (S/N=3) that is not different to the permitted value for Hg(II) in water reported by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The proposed electrode exhibits good applicability for monitoring Hg(II) in tap and wastewater.
Interactions between CdTe quantum dots and DNA revealed by capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection
Authors: Stanisavljevic Maja , Chomoucka Jana , Dostalova Simona , Krizkova Sona , Vaculovicova Marketa , Adam Vojtech , Kizek Rene 
Published: July 2014

Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the most promising nanomaterials, due to their size‐dependent characteristics as well as easily controllable size during the synthesis process. They are promising label material and their interaction with biomolecules is of great interest for science. In this study, CdTe QDs were synthesized under optimal conditions for 2 nm size. Characterization and verification of QDs synthesis procedure were done by fluorimetric method and with CE. Afterwards, QDs interaction with chicken genomic DNA and 500 bpDNA fragment was observed employing CE‐LIF and gel electrophoresis. Performed interaction relies on possible matching between size of QDs and major groove of the DNA, which is approximately 2.1 nm.
An Experimental Study on Three General Interface Layout Designs for Chemical Process Plants
Authors: Liu C. J. , Lin Y. , Teng H. , Wang Z. D. , Zhang W. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe human‐machine interface design is not a new problem; however, existing knowledge appears to be focused either on interface conceptual design, which determines what information at what time needs to be displayed, or on interface detailed design, which determines the form of display elements. This article presents a study on interface layout design. Three interface layout designs were proposed based on the proximity compatibility priniciple, which were on the same interface conceptual design. In particular, the first interface layout design is with the highest degree of proximity cognition and the second and third with a reduced degree of proximity cognition. They are called sophisticated, semisophisticated, and nonsophisticated interfaces, respectively. An experiment with a simple process plant was conducted to understand user behaviors on the three interfaces. It is noted that in order to provide an unbiased comparative evaluation of these interfaces the same application problem and similar look‐and‐feel forms of interfaces were designed. In the experiment, three general classes of tasks were considered, namely, normal control operation, fault detection (or monitoring), and fault diagnosis. Two categories of measures were used: the performance measure and the subjective measure. The major results obtained from the experiment are 1) the nonsophisticated interface is the best for fault detections in terms of performance measure; besides, this interface has the lowest mental workload for fault detection; 2) the sophisticated interface is the best for normal operation in terms of performance measure; 3) there appears no significant difference for fault diagnosis in terms of performance measures for all these three interfaces; 4) for normal operation and fault diagnosis, the mental workloads for the three interfaces have no significant difference. Overall, the experiment suggests that the nonsophisticated interface be used in practice with additional two reasons: 1) most of time in the chemical process plant today is the fault detection or operation monitoring task, and 2) it is relatively easier for the nonsophisticated interface to adapt to changes in the chemical process plant design, which are common in today's manufacturing environments.
Swainsonine Induces Caprine Luteal Cells Apoptosis via Mitochondrial‐Mediated Caspase‐Dependent Pathway
Authors: Li Wei , Huang Yong , Zhao Xiaomin , Zhang Wenlong , Dong Feng , Du Qian , Tong Dewen 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTSwainsonine (SW) is an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from a number of poisonous plants. We have previously reported that SW inhibited luteal cell progesterone production by inducing caprine luteal cell apoptosis in vitro; however, the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. In this study, SW‐treated luteal cells showed apoptosis characteristics, including nuclear fragmentation, DNA ladder formation, and phosphatidylserine externalization. Further studies showed that SW activated caspase‐9 and caspase‐3, which subsequently cleaved poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase. SW also increased in Bax/BcL‐2 ratios, promoted Bax translocation from the cytosol to mitochondria, and triggered the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. However, Fas and Fas ligand induction or caspase‐8 activity did not appear any significant changes. Additional analysis also showed that pan‐caspase inhibitor, caspase‐9 inhibitor, or caspase‐3 inhibitor almost completely protected the cells from SW‐induced apoptosis, but not caspase‐8 inhibitor. Overall, these data demonstrated that SW induced luteal cells apoptosis through a mitochondrial‐mediated caspase‐dependent pathway.
Phenoxysalicylaldimine‐Bearing Chromium(III) Precatalysts for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Yankey Margaret , Obuah Collins , Darkwa James 
Published: July 2014

A series of discrete chromium(III) precatalysts, {[Cr(κ3‐L1)] (1a.7H2O), {[Cr(κ3‐L2)] (2a.5H2O), {[Cr(κ3‐L3)] (3a.6H2O), {[Cr(κ3‐L4)] (4a.10H2O), {[Cr(κ3‐L5)] (5a.4H2O) and in‐situ‐generated chromium(III) precatalysts {[Cr(κ3‐L1)] (1b), {[Cr(κ3‐L2)] (2b), {[Cr(κ3‐L3)] (3b), {[Cr(κ3‐L4)] (4b), {[Cr(κ3‐L5)] (5b) bearing 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐{[2‐(1H‐imidazol‐4‐yl)‐ethylimino]‐methyl}‐phenol (L1), 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐{[2‐RR‐pyrazol‐1‐yl‐ethylimino]‐methyl}‐phenol, R = H (L2), Me (L3), Ph (L4), and 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl‐6‐{[2‐pyrid‐2‐yl‐ethylimino]‐methyl}‐phenol (L5) are developed. The discrete precatalysts are characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. The in‐situ‐generated precatalysts afford a one‐step process for screening chromium(III) complexes as ethylene polymerization catalysts. Upon activation with EtAlCl2, both types of precatalysts exhibit high catalytic activities up to 1.71 × 105 g mol(Cr)−1 h−1 for the formation of high‐density polyethylene with molecular weights as high as 3.48 × 103 g mol−1. While the discrete precatalysts produce monomodal active catalysts at all conditions, the in‐situ‐generated precatalysts produce either monomodal or bimodal active catalysts, suggesting that, at certain conditions, two active catalysts are produced in the in situ reactions.
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New shrimp IgE‐binding proteins involved in mite‐seafood cross‐reactivity
Authors: Gámez Cristina , Zafra M. Paz , Boquete Manuel , Sanz Verónica , Mazzeo Carla , Ibáñez M. Dolores , Sánchez‐García Silvia , Sastre Joaquín , del Pozo Victoria 
Published: July 2014

ScopeShrimp is a seafood consumed worldwide and the main cause of severe allergenic reactions to crustaceans. Seafood allergy has been related to mite sensitization, mainly mediated by tropomyosin, but other proteins could be involved. The aim of the study was to identify new shrimp allergens implicated in mite‐seafood cross‐reactivity (CR) in two different climate populations: dry and humid climates.Methods and resultsShrimp and mite IgE‐binding profiles of patients from continental dry and humid climates were analyzed by immunoblotting, and the most frequently recognized Solenocera melantho shrimp proteins were identified by MS as α‐actinin, β‐actin, fructose biphosphate aldolase, arginine kinase, sarcoplasmic calcium‐binding protein, and ubiquitin. Using inhibition immunoblot assays, we demonstrate that tropomyosin and ubiquitin were responsible for mite‐seafood CR from both climates; but also α‐actinin and arginine kinase are implicated in dry‐ and humid‐climate populations, respectively. Reciprocal inhibition assays demonstrated that mites are the primary sensitizer in humid‐climate, as shrimp is in continental dry‐climate population.ConclusionSeveral new shrimp allergens have been identified and should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of shrimp allergy and mite‐seafood CR. Differences in mite‐seafood CR were founded to be based on the climate.
Progression from cirrhosis to cancer is associated with early ubiquitin post‐translational modifications: identification of new biomarkers of cirrhosis at risk of malignancy
Authors: Laouirem Samira , Le Faouder Julie , Alexandrov Theodore , Mestivier Denis , Léger Thibaut , Baudin Xavier , Mebarki Mouniya , Paradis Valérie , Camadro Jean‐Michel , Bedossa Pierre 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCirrhosis is a lesion at risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying mechanisms associated with the transition from cirrhosis to HCC and characterizing biomarkers of cirrhosis at high risk of developing into cancer are crucial for improving early diagnosis and prognosis of HCC. We used MALDI imaging to compare mass spectra obtained from tissue sections of cirrhosis without HCC, cirrhosis with HCC, and HCC, and a top‐down proteomics approach to characterize differential biomarkers. We identified a truncated form of monomeric ubiquitin lacking the two C‐terminal glycine residues, Ubi(1‐74), the level of which increased progressively, from cirrhosis without HCC to cirrhosis with HCC to HCC. We showed that kallikrein‐related peptidase 6 (KLK6) catalysed the production of Ubi(1‐74) from monomeric ubiquitin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that KLK6 was induced de novo in cirrhosis and increased in HCC in parallel with accumulation of Ubi(1‐74). We investigated in vitro the possible consequences of Ubi(1‐74) accumulation and demonstrated that Ubi(1‐74) interferes with the normal ubiquitination machinery in what is likely to be a kinetic process. Our data suggest that de novo KLK6 expression during early liver carcinogenesis may induce production of Ubi(1‐74) by post‐translational modification of ubiquitin. Given the deleterious effect of Ubi(1‐74) on protein ubiquitination and the major role of ubiquitin machinery in maintenance of cell homeostasis, Ubi(1‐74) might severely impact a number of critical cellular functions during transition from cirrhosis to cancer. Ubi(1‐74) and KLK6 may serve as markers of cancer risk in patients with cirrhosis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
100th anniversary of the passenger pigeon extinction: Lessons for a complex and uncertain future
Authors: Schulz John H. , Otis David L. , Temple Stanley A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis year marks the 100th anniversary of the passenger pigeon's (Ectopistes migratorius) extinction. Our goal is to review the bird's abundance and extinction along with several valuable lessons. The tragic extinction of the passenger pigeon helped launch the modern conservation era, and it is a story providing a stark reminder of potential consequences of reactionary and ineffective management decision processes. Similar to the extinction of passenger pigeons, we suggest multiple complex and polarized issues provide modern examples of pending ecological challenges that are effectively being ignored. Using climate change as an example, it is just as easy for people today to ignore emerging environmental system changes as it was for people in the late 19th century to ignore the implications of their actions. Although we have successfully recovered many wildlife species in the past 100 years, we have important work ahead of us requiring a more comprehensive problem‐solving paradigm if we are to have a meaningful effect. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
The sulcus line of the trochlear groove is more accurate than Whiteside’s Line in determining femoral component rotation
Authors: Talbot Simon , Dimitriou Pandelis , Radic Ross , Zordan Rachel , Bartlett John 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPurposeThe sulcus line (SL) is a three-dimensional curve produced from multiple points along the trochlear groove. Whiteside’s Line, also known as the anteroposterior axis (APA), is derived from single anterior and posterior points. The purposes of the two studies presented in this paper are to (1) assess the results from the clinical use of the SL in a large clinical series, (2) measure the SL and the APA on three-dimensional CT reconstructions, (3) demonstrate the effect of parallax error on the use of the APA and (4) determine the accuracy of an axis derived by combining the SL and the posterior condylar axis (PCA).MethodsIn the first study, we assessed the SL using a large, single surgeon series of consecutive patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasties. The post-operative CT scans of patients (n = 200) were examined to determine the final rotational alignment of the femoral component. In the second study, measurements were taken in a series of 3DCT reconstructions of osteoarthritic knees (n = 44).ResultsThe mean position of the femoral component in the clinical series was 0.6° externally rotated to the surgical epicondylar axis, with a standard deviation of 2.9° (ranges from −7.2° to 6.7°). On the 3DCT reconstructions, the APA (88.2° ± 4.2°) had significantly higher variance than the SL (90.3° ± 2.7°) (F = 5.82 andp = 0.017). An axis derived by averaging the SL and the PCA+3° produced a significant decrease in both the number of outliers (p = 0.03 vs. PCA andp = 0.007 vs. SL) and the variance (F = 6.15 andp = 0.015 vs. SL). The coronal alignment of the SL varied widely relative to the mechanical axis (0.4° ± 3.8°) and the distal condylar surface (2.6° ± 4.3°).ConclusionsThe multiple points used to determine the SL confer anatomical and geometrical advantages, and therefore, it should be considered a separate rotational landmark to the APA. These findings may explain the high degree of variability in the measurement of the APA which is documented in the literature. Combining a geometrically correct SL and the PCA is likely to further improve accuracy.
Can Pro-Marriage Policies Work? An Analysis of Marginal Marriages
Authors: Frimmel Wolfgang , Halla Martin , Winter-Ebmer Rudolf 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPolicies to promote marriage are controversial, and it is unclear whether they are successful. To analyze such policies, one must distinguish between a marriage that is created by a marriage-promoting policy (marginal marriage) and a marriage that would have been formed even in the absence of a state intervention (average marriage). We exploit the suspension of a cash-on-hand marriage subsidy in Austria to examine the differential behavior of marginal and average marriages. The announcement of an impending suspension of this subsidy led to an enormous marriage boom among eligible couples that allows us to locate marginal marriages. Applying a difference-in-differences approach, we show that marginal marriages are surprisingly as stable as average marriages but produce fewer children, children later in marriage, and children who are less healthy at birth.