bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer screening (Pap testing) behaviours and acceptability of human papillomavirus self-testing among lesbian and bisexual women aged 21–26 years in the USA
Authors: Reiter Paul L , McRee Annie-Laurie 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveLesbian and bisexual women are at risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical disease. We examined cervical cancer screening (Pap testing) behaviours among these women and their acceptability of HPV self-testing at home, a potential cervical cancer screening strategy.MethodsWe analysed data from a national sample of lesbian and bisexual women aged 21–26 years (n=418) who completed our online survey in Autumn 2013. Logistic regression identified correlates of (1) having had a Pap test in the last 3 years and (2) willingness to use an HPV self-test at home.ResultsAbout 70% of women had undergone a Pap test in the last 3 years. Pap testing was more common among women who had disclosed their sexual orientation to their health care provider [odds ratio (OR)=2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–3.95] and less common among women who self-identified as lesbian (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.25–0.93). Just over half the women (51%) were willing to use an HPV self-test at home. Women were more willing to use an HPV self-test at home if they were older (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.03–1.30) or reported higher levels of worry about getting an HPV-related disease (OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.01–1.63). The most common concerns about HPV self-testing at home were using the test incorrectly (70%) and test accuracy (64%).ConclusionsMany young lesbian and bisexual women have not had a recent Pap test. HPV self-testing at home may be a promising future strategy for reaching and screening these women. Findings highlight beliefs and concerns that could be addressed by self-test programmes.
Effect of antiplatelet therapy and platelet function testing on hemorrhagic and thrombotic complications in patients with cerebral aneurysms treated with the pipeline embolization device: a review and meta-analysis
Authors: Skukalek Susana L , Winkler Anne M , Kang Jian , Dion Jacques E , Cawley C Michael , Webb Adam , Dannenbaum Mark J , Schuette Albert J , Asbury Bill , Tong Frank C 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe pipeline embolization device (PED) necessitates dual antiplatelet therapy (APT) to decrease thrombotic complications while possibly increasing bleeding risks. The role of APT dose, duration, and response in patients with hemorrhagic and thromboembolic events warrants further analysis.MethodsA PubMed and Google Scholar search from 2009 to 2014 was performed using the following search terms individually or in combination: pipeline embolization device, aneurysm(s), and flow diversion, excluding other flow diverters. Review of the bibliographies of the retrieved articles yielded 19 single and multicenter studies. A statistical meta-analysis between aspirin (ASA) dose (low dose ≤160 mg, high dose ≥300 mg), loading doses of APT agents, post-PED APT regimens, and platelet function testing (PFT) with hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications was performed.ResultsASA therapy for ≤6 months post-PED was associated with increased hemorrhagic events. High dose ASA ≤6 months post-PED was associated with fewer thrombotic events compared with low dose ASA. Post-PED clopidogrel for ≤6 months demonstrated an increased incidence of symptomatic thrombotic events. Loading doses of ASA plus clopidogrel demonstrated a decreased incidence of permanent symptomatic hemorrhagic events. PFT did not show a statistically significant relationship with symptomatic hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications.ConclusionsHigh dose ASA >6 months is associated with fewer permanent thrombotic and hemorrhagic events. Clopidogrel therapy ≤6 months is associated with higher rates of thrombotic events. Loading doses of ASA and clopidogrel were associated with a decreased incidence of hemorrhagic events. PFT did not have any significant association with symptomatic events.
Passive rifting and continental splitting in the Jurassic Ligurian Tethys: the mantle perspective
Authors: Piccardo Giovanni B. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Based on present knowledge of mantle peridotites from the Ligurian Tethys ophiolites, this paper presents new ideas and a new model for passive rifting to ocean spreading in the slow–ultraslow rifting Europe–Adria realm. Relevant points include: (i) the positive feedback between deformation and melt percolation during passive magmatic rifting; (ii) the positive feedback between natural evidence and experimental data on the behaviour of the mantle lithosphere during passive rifting; (iii) the significance of hidden magmatism and the associated melt thermal advection; (iv) the role of the wedge-shaped weakened and softened axial zone; and (v) the evidence of a transition from passive to active rifting in the Ligurian Tethys.

Passive rifting induced passive asthenospheric upwelling and the onset of partial melting. Fractional melts migrated through the mantle lithosphere and stagnated at shallow levels (the hidden magmatism). Melt thermal advection heated the mantle lithosphere to temperatures (
T
) of ≥1200°C and formed a wedge-shaped axial zone of rheological softened/weakened mantle peridotites that served as the future locus of continental break-up. The hotter/deeper asthenosphere ascended within this axial zone, underwent partial melting and formed aggregated mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) that migrated within dunite channels to form olivine gabbro intrusions and basaltic lava flows. Rifting evolved from passive to active, and the actively upwelling asthenosphere established a ridge-type system and thermal regime.
Incidence of Defibrillator Shocks After Elective Generator Exchange Following Uneventful First Battery Life
Authors: Merchant Faisal M. , Jones Paul , Wehrenberg Scott , Lloyd Michael S. , Saxon Leslie A. 
Published: November 2014

Background

A significant number of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (
ICD
) patients do not experience shocks after
ICD
implant. Elective generator exchange (
GE
) has been associated with increased risk of infection and
ICD
lead failure. There is a paucity of contemporary data reporting on shock incidence with replacement devices.

Methods and Results

Patients undergoing elective
GE
(n=24 203) who transmit data remotely via a remote monitoring system were analyzed to determine the incidence of
ICD
shocks after
GE
. A total of 16 230 patients (67%) did not experience a shock with the first
ICD
(group A), and 7973 (33%) received at least 1 shock (group B). Patients in group A were older (71.3 versus 68.8 years,
P
<0.001) and more often female (71% versus 77% male,
P
<0.001). Over an average follow‐up of 1.9±1.2 years after
GE
, the proportion of patients with shocks and risk of
ICD
shocks was lower for those who did not receive a shock during the first battery life (group A: 9.9% versus 27.7%, hazard ratio 0.36, 95%
CI
0.34 to 0.38,
P
<0.001). The cumulative rate of
ICD
shocks at 5 years after
GE
was 25.7% in group A and 51.1% in group B.

Conclusions

In this large cohort of
ICD
patients implanted across the United States, two thirds did not receive
ICD
shock therapy prior to
GE
. The occurrence of
ICD
shocks prior to
GE
is an important predictor of shocks after
GE
; however, even among those without shocks during first battery life, the incidence of shocks at 5 years following
GE
is >25%. These data should support informed decision making for patients and physicians at the time of
ICD
generator end of service.
Introduction
Authors: Ramirez Erica M. 
Published: November 2014

This introductory article reviews defining concepts of recent theological works by James K. Carter, Willie Jennings, and Brian Bantum. The works of the “Duke School” illuminate how racist ideations have marred western theology. The three authors also engage race, though socially constructed, as a site in which Christ’s humanity can be rendered more fully visible. Christ’s ethnic materiality becomes an emancipatory embodiment. The six essays under consideration speak to the complexity of delineating the racist impulse and subsequent trajectory in western theology, to the ambivalent potentials in racializing terms such as “chosen” and “indigenous,” and to the failure of imagination attending those black academic theologies too beholden to the Civil Rights era past. Broad, divergent strokes are drawn in competing visions for what might constitute the “pentecostal” future. This essay canvasses such salient beginnings and critical intersections.
Wanted Dead or Alive
Authors: Sanders Cheryl 
Published: November 2014

This essay explores the relationship between black theology and renewal theology and assesses the ongoing relevance of black theology to the mission and future of the black churches. Recent writings by Eddie Glaude, Raphael Warnock, James Cone, and Peter Paris are considered in conversation with the works of Brian Bantam, J. Kameron Carter, and Willie Jennings, whose imaginative attention to Christology, pneumatology, and ecclesiology provokes thoughtful engagement of issues of race, gender, power, and privilege in the context of renewal and the global impact of Pentecostalism more than a century after the Azusa Street Revival led by William J. Seymour.
Synopsis of Cotesia species, biological agents for pest control on vegetables in Vietnam, with description of one new species
Authors: Long Khuat Dang , Dzung Dang Thi 
Published: November 2014

The biology of four allied species of the genusCotesiaCameron is reviewed. All these species were reared from larvae of pest insects mainly belonging to the families Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Pieridae and Plutellidae. They are larval endoparasitoids and considered as important agents for biological control of pest insects infesting different vegetable crops in Vietnam, such as cabbage, kohlrabi, small colza, cauliflower, peanut, soybeans, and various other legumes. Of those four species,Cotesia clethrogynaeLong sp. n., is described as new and illustrated; the biology and distribution of the other three allied species are given, they are illustrated and compared, and a key to four species is provided.This paper resulted from the identification of a new species ofCotesiareared from limantrid larvae ofClethrogynae turbataButler and the necessity to compare related species. The host is an important pest infestant on soybean, different beans, peas and peanut in Vietnam.
Discontinuous Daily Temperatures in the WATCH Forcing Datasets
Authors: Rust Henning W. , Kruschke Tim , Dobler Andreas , Fischer Madlen , Ulbrich Uwe 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The Water and Global Change (WATCH) forcing datasets have been created to support the use of hydrological and land surface models for the assessment of the water cycle within climate change studies. They are based on 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) or ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim) with temperatures (among other variables) adjusted such that their monthly means match the monthly temperature dataset from the Climatic Research Unit. To this end, daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures within one calendar month have been subjected to a correction involving monthly means of the respective month. As these corrections can be largely different for adjacent months, this procedure potentially leads to implausible differences in daily temperatures across the boundaries of calendar months. We analyze day-to-day temperature fluctuations within and across months and find that across-months differences are significantly larger, mostly in the tropics and frigid zones. Average across-months differences in daily mean temperature are typically between 10% and 40% larger than their corresponding within-months average temperature differences. However, regions with differences up to 200% can be found in tropical Africa. Particularly in regions where snowmelt is a relevant player for hydrology, a few degrees Celsius difference can be decisive for triggering this process. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures are affected in the same regions, but in a less severe way.
Characteristics of the Near-Surface Currents in the Indian Ocean as Deduced from Satellite-Tracked Surface Drifters. Part I: Pseudo-Eulerian Statistics
Authors: Peng Shiqiu , Qian Yu-Kun , Lumpkin Rick , Du Yan , Wang Dongxiao , Li Ping 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing the 1985–2013 record of near-surface currents from satellite-tracked drifters, the pseudo-Eulerian statistics of the near-surface circulation in the Indian Ocean (IO) are analyzed. It is found that the distributions of the current velocities and mean kinetic energy (MKE) in the IO are extremely inhomogeneous in space and nonstationary in time. The most energetic regions with climatologic mean velocity over 50 cm s−1 and MKE over 500 cm2 s−2 are found off the eastern coast of Somalia (with maxima of over 100 cm s−1 and 1500 cm2 s−2) and the equatorial IO, associated with the strong, annually reversing Somalia Current and the twice-a-year eastward equatorial jets. High eddy kinetic energy (EKE) is found in regions of the equatorial IO, western boundary currents, and Agulhas Return Current, with a maximum of over 3000 cm2 s−2 off the eastern coast of Somalia. The lowest EKE (<500 cm2 s−2) occurs in the south subtropical gyre between 30° and 40°S and the central-eastern Arabian Sea. Annual and semiannual variability is a significant fraction of the total EKE off the eastern coast of Somalia and in the central-eastern equatorial IO. In general, both the MKE and EKE estimated in the present study are qualitatively in agreement with, but quantitatively larger than, estimates from previous studies. These pseudo-Eulerian MKE and EKE fields, based on the most extensive drifter dataset to date, are the most precise in situ estimates to date and can be used to validate satellite and numerical results.
Otolaryngologic Surgeries Are Frequent in Children With Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth A. , Linn David , Keppel Kristina L. , Noel Richard J. , Chun Robert H. 
Published: November 2014

Objective: The aim was to study the prevalence of otolaryngologic surgeries in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Methods: Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary care center. The type of otolaryngologic surgeries performed in patients with diagnosis of EoE was recorded during a 5-year period. Results: Seventy-five percent of patients were male, with average age of EoE diagnosis at 7.5 years with an 83% incidence of atopy. Cohort analysis revealed that 33% (119/362) had a total of 275 otolaryngologic surgeries. Surgeries performed on 119 patients are as follows: 20% bilateral myringotomy with tubes, 14% tonsillectomy, 18.5% adenoidectomy, 1.4% sinus irrigation, 3.3% bronchoscopy, and 1.4% laryngotracheoplasty (LTP); 63% of patients underwent multiple procedures. Thirty percent of patients undergoing bilateral myringotomy with tube placement (BMT) needed additional tubes. Four of 5 LTP patients had successful operations. Twelve percent of patients had EoE diagnosis prior to an otolaryngologic surgery. Conclusion: Thirty-three percent of children with EoE required otolaryngologic surgical intervention and nearly one-third who underwent BMT required additional ear tubes. A large fraction of children with EoE will undergo an otolaryngologic surgery, only a minority with a preoperative EoE diagnosis. Until the nature of this relationship is clarified, the high coincidence with otolaryngologic surgeries dictates that otolaryngologists should be familiar with diagnosis of EoE in patients.
Microvascular Reconstruction of Segmental Mandibular Defects without Tracheostomy
Authors: Moubayed Sami P. , Barker Daniel A. , Razfar Ali , Nabili Vishad , Blackwell Keith E. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo report our experience with mandibular resection and reconstruction using vascularized bone‐containing free flaps without an elective tracheostomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary referral hospital center.Subjects and MethodsSixty‐six patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction with vascularized bone‐containing free flaps without an elective tracheostomy were identified between 1995 and 2013. We describe patient, tumor, and surgical factors and report perioperative outcomes in this population.ResultsMost patients underwent fibula free flap reconstruction (n = 61, 92.44%). The 4 most frequent indications for resection were osteoradionecrosis, parotid carcinoma, oral squamous cell carcinoma, and osteomyelitis. Bone defects ranging from 4.0 to 13.0 cm were reconstructed, and associated soft‐tissue defects were reconstructed with skin paddle sizes ranging from 24.0 to 450.0 cm2. There was only 1 patient with a bilateral central mandibular defect, and there were no tongue/pharyngeal soft‐tissue defects or bilateral neck dissections. One case required emergent tracheostomy on postoperative day 1, and 2 more patients developed respiratory complications. There were no cases of perioperative death or flap failure.ConclusionMandibular free flap reconstruction is feasible without an elective tracheostomy in a subset of carefully selected patients without bilateral central mandibular defects, tongue/pharynx defects, or bilateral neck dissection.
Preparing for Emergency
Authors: Melchiors Jacob , Todsen Tobias , Nilsson Philip , Wennervaldt Kasper , Charabi Birgitte , Bøttger Morten , Konge Lars , von Buchwald Christian 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveEmergency cricothyrodotomy (EC) is a lifesaving procedure. Evidence‐based assessment of training effects and competency levels is relevant to all departments involved in emergency airway management. As most training uses low‐fidelity models, the predictive value of good performance on such a model becomes relevant with regard to performance on a high‐fidelity model (cadaver). This requires a valid assessment tool for EC performance.Study DesignPsychometric study on low‐fidelity models and human cadavers.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsAn assessment tool was created. Sixteen physicians (7 experienced surgeons and 9 novice physicians) performed an EC on a low‐fidelity model and a cadaver. Two blinded raters assessed video recordings of performances using the assessment tool.ResultsWe found a high interrater reliability, based on a Pearson’s r (0.81), and good evidence for validity, based on successfully distinguishing the 2 groups, using an independent samples t test (P <. 001). We found a good correlation between performance on a low‐fidelity model and the cadaver with an R2 = 0.78.ConclusionThe tool for assessing EC competence proved reliable and valid. Performance on a low‐fidelity model measured this way is a good predictor of performance in a more lifelike situation.
Pilot Study of a Novel Population of Head and Neck Cancer Patients in the CRN
Authors: Chang Steven S. , Wang Kevin , Kono Scott , Saman Daniel M. , Snyder Susan , Melvin Thuy‐Anh N. , Calzada Gabriel 
Published: November 2014

Head and neck cancers are challenging to study because of their relatively low incidence. A large, novel population of patients with head and neck cancers that has not been previously studied and distinct from the referral populations has been identified. The National Cancer Institute–funded Health Maintenance Organization Cancer Research Network is a consortium of 15 nonprofit research centers based in large, vertically integrated health care delivery organizations across the United States. They represent a geographically, racially, and socioeconomically diverse population. These community‐based organizations provide care to approximately 10 million individuals and 57,692 patients with head and neck cancer. This pilot study and preliminary analysis seeks to demonstrate the potential this network holds as a resource for clinical cancer research and to identify it as a unique resource that allows for more detailed queries than are currently available to researchers.
Pediatric Head and Neck Complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and after PCV7 Vaccination
Authors: Walls Andrew , Pierce Matthew , Krishnan Nathan , Steehler Matthew , Harley Earl H. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo discuss pediatric head and neck complications of pneumococcal infections before and after the introduction of the PCV7 vaccine.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.Study SettingKids National Inpatient Database.MethodsA retrospective review of the Kids National Inpatient Database yielded 31,738 pediatric reports involving complications of meningitis, mastoiditis, periorbital cellulitis, and Bezold abscesses due to Streptococcus pneumoniae diagnoses. Each report was analyzed for incidence, length of stay, mean hospital cost, and inpatient admittance from the emergency department. Finally, we calculated the expected annual incidence of each complication via variance‐weighted analysis to determine the expected incidence if the vaccine was not administered.ResultsWe identified a significant decrease in the incidence of several complications after the introduction of the PCV7 vaccine and also when comparing these findings to our predicted incidence calculations if the vaccine was not administered. Inpatient admittance from the emergency department for Bezold abscess, periorbital cellulitis, mastoiditis, and meningitis was significantly increased in the pediatric age group (ages 1‐4; P <. 05). Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the cost to provide care for each of the described conditions (P <. 05).ConclusionsThe PCV7 vaccine produced a measurable reduction in head and neck complications associated with S pneumoniae. However, our data suggest that these benefits were also met with increased inpatient admittance from the emergency department, hospital costs, and length of stay, each of which may be attributed to the selection of a more pathogenic subtype.