bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Early Reading Failure
Authors: Morris Darrell 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAcross the pendulum‐like changes in beginning reading instruction over the past 30 years, three interrelated ideas emerge as the key to preventing reading failure in kindergarten and first grade: (1) an interesting, carefully‐leveled book curriculum; (2) a leveled phonics curriculum; and (3) a well‐trained teacher who knows how to integrate guided reading and phonics to meet the changing needs of struggling readers. A practicum (i.e., teachers tutoring one‐on‐one under the supervision of an expert coach) is deemed the best way to develop needed teacher expertise. Although investing in teacher knowledge and skill presents challenges (e.g., finding time, finding a coach, funding the training), it represents a school's best chance of breaking the cycle of early reading failure.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous aspiration of hyperreactio luteinalis avoids laparoscopic untwisting of ovarian torsion
Authors: Sakae C. , Sato Y. , Taga A. , Satake Y. , Emoto I. , Maruyama S. , Kim T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHyperreactio luteinalis (HL) is characterized by multicystic bilateral enlargement of the ovaries and is a self‐limiting benign condition associated with pregnancy or trophoblastic disease. Since HL regresses spontaneously over time, it should be managed conservatively as long as the patient's condition permits; torsion of the enlarged ovaries is believed to be the only exception that mandates surgical intervention. Here, we describe a case of HL complicated by ovarian torsion that was treated successfully without surgical intervention. A 33‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital owing to acute abdomen. Nine days previously, she had had a stillbirth caused by hydrops fetalis at 24 weeks' gestation. The characteristic findings observed on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) led to the diagnosis of HL complicated by torsion of the enlarged left ovary. Emergency laparoscopic detorsion of the ischemic left ovary was planned. Aiming to reduce the risk of cystic injury and bleeding at the trocar insertion site, volume reduction of the left ovarian cyst was performed by percutaneous aspiration. The patient's pain diminished rapidly and laparoscopic surgery was deferred. Subsequent MRI revealed that gadolinium enhancement of the left ovarian tumor had been restored, indicating spontaneous detorsion of the left ovary. The patient remained asymptomatic and was discharged from the hospital 12 days after aspiration of the cyst. From this experience, we propose that, in cases of ovarian torsion occurring in large functional cysts, including HL, volume reduction by percutaneous cyst aspiration should be considered before performing emergency laparoscopic surgery. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An appraisal of downscaling methods used in climate change research
Authors: Ekström Marie , Grose Michael R , Whetton Penny H 
Published: March 2015

The term ‘downscaling’ refers to the process of translating information from global climate model simulations to a finer spatial resolution. There are numerous methods by which this translation of information can occur. For users of downscaled information, it is important to have some understanding of the properties of different methods (in terms of their capabilities and limitations to convey the change signal, as simulated by the global model), as these dictate the type of applications that the downscaled information can be used for in impact, adaptation, and vulnerability research. This article provides an appraisal of downscaling in terms of its perceived purpose and value for informing on plausible impacts due to climate change and for underpinning regional risk assessments. The concepts climate realism and physical plausibility of change are introduced to qualify the broad scale properties associated with different categories of downscaling approaches; the former concerning the skill of different approaches to represent regional climate characteristics and the latter their skill in simulating regional climate change. Aspects of change not captured by global climate models, due to resolution or regional factors, may be captured by downscaling. If these aspects are of interest, then downscaling may be useful once it has been demonstrated to add value. For cases where the broad scale change to the mean climate is of interest, or where there is no demonstrated added value from downscaling, then there is a wide range of regionalization methods that are suitable for practitioners in the impact, adaptation, and vulnerability field. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:301–319. doi: 10.1002/wcc.339This article is categorized under:

Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scale Issues
Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Scenario Development and Application
Impact and effectiveness of risk mitigation strategies on the insurability of nanomaterial production: evidences from industrial case studies
Authors: Bergamaschi Enrico , Murphy Finbarr , Poland Craig A. , Mullins Martin , Costa Anna L. , McAlea Eamonn , Tran Lang , Tofail Syed A. M. 
Published: March 2015

Workers involved in producing nanomaterials or using nanomaterials in manufacturing plants are likely to have earlier and higher exposure to manufactured/engineered nanomaterials (ENM) than the general population. This is because both the volume handled and the probability of the effluence of ‘free’ nanoparticles from the handled volume are much higher during a production process than at any other stage in the lifecycle of nanomaterials and nanotechnology‐enabled products. Risk assessment (RA) techniques using control banding (CB) as a framework for risk transfer represents a robust theory but further progress on implementing the model is required so that risk can be transferred to insurance companies. Following a review of RA in general and hazard measurement in particular, we subject a Structural Alert Scheme methodology to three industrial case studies using ZrO2, TiO2, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The materials are tested in a pristine state and in a remediated (coated) state, and the respective emission and hazard rates are tested alongside the material performance as originally designed. To our knowledge, this is the first such implementation of a CB RA in conjunction with an ENM performance test and offers both manufacturers and underwriters an insight into future applications. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:839–855. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1340This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine
Biomedical applications of gold nanomaterials: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Sasidharan Abhilash , Monteiro‐Riviere Nancy A. 
Published: March 2015

In the past few years, there has been an unprecedented development of gold nanomaterials (AuNMs) for potential clinical applications. Owing to their advantageous physical, chemical, and biological properties, AuNMs have attracted great attention in the nanomedicine arena for applications in biological sensing, biomedical imaging, drug delivery, and photothermal therapy. Their tunable size, shape, and surface characteristics coupled with excellent biocompatibility render them ideal candidates for translation from bench‐top to bedside. This review summarizes the recent research on the applications of AuNM with a focus on biomedical diagnostics and therapeutics. The bio‐interaction of these NM with cells and their in vivo responses are presented. After reviewing these potential applications, future challenges and prospects are discussed and the suitability of how AuNMs are used as effective tools in clinical medicine is assessed. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2015, 7:779–796. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1341This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
Integrative models of vascular remodeling during tumor growth
Authors: Rieger Heiko , Welter Michael 
Published: March 2015

Malignant solid tumors recruit the blood vessel network of the host tissue for nutrient supply, continuous growth, and gain of metastatic potential. Angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels), vessel cooption (the integration of existing blood vessels into the tumor vasculature), and vessel regression remodel the healthy vascular network into a tumor‐specific vasculature that is in many respects different from the hierarchically organized arterio‐venous blood vessel network of the host tissues. Integrative models based on detailed experimental data and physical laws implement in silico the complex interplay of molecular pathways, cell proliferation, migration, and death, tissue microenvironment, mechanical and hydrodynamic forces, and the fine structure of the host tissue vasculature. With the help of computer simulations high‐precision information about blood flow patterns, interstitial fluid flow, drug distribution, oxygen and nutrient distribution can be obtained and a plethora of therapeutic protocols can be tested before clinical trials. In this review, we give an overview over the current status of integrative models describing tumor growth, vascular remodeling, blood and interstitial fluid flow, drug delivery, and concomitant transformations of the microenvironment. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:113–129. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1295This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organismal Models
UV‐Light‐Driven Photocatalysts of Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on Acylamide‐Inserted Multi‐Carboxylic Acid
Authors: Wang Chengmiao , Wang Fengqin , Dong Caifu , Yu Zongchao , Wang Zechuan , Zhao Yongnan , Li Guodong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo functional metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), [Zn·L]·[+H2N(CH3)2]2(DMF)0.5(H2O)3 (1) and [Cu2L(H2O)2]·xG (G = solvent molecule) (2) [H4L = bis(3,5‐dicarboxypheny1)terephthalamide] were synthesized under solvothermal conditions. Their photoresponses in the UV region make them promising candidates for photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under UV light irradation. We studied the photocatalytic activities of the two MOFs and polyaniline (PANI) composite materials (named PANI/MOFs), which were prepared by loading the PANI on the surface of MOFs. The results indicate that PANI/MOFs composite materials exbibit excellent photostabilities and higher photocatalytic activities than the pure MOFs photocatalysts for degradation/removal of organic pollutants from wastewaters.
Structure and Bonding in Bis(1‐naphthyl) Diselenide and Bis{[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl} Tetraselenide, and Their Brominated Derivatives
Authors: Takaluoma Esther M. , Takaluoma Teemu T. , Oilunkaniemi Raija , Laitinen Risto S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe formation and crystal structures of bis(1‐naphthyl) diselenide (1) and bis{[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl} tetraselenide (2) are described. Whereas 1 can be produced in good yields, 2 is formed only as a minor product together with the known main product, bis{[2‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl} diselenide. The composition of the reaction mixture is semi‐quantitatively estimated by 77Se NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The effect of the n2→σ*(Se–Se) and π→σ*(Se–Se) secondary bonding interactions on the Se–Se bonds is discussed both by DFT calculations and comparison with literature, as available. The bromination of 1 yields monomeric (1‐naphthyl)selenenyl bromide (3) in good yields. That of the reaction mixture of (C6H4CH2NMe2)Sex (x = 2–4) and Se8 afforded (C6H4CH2NMe2H)2[SeBr4] (4) and (C6H4CH2NMe2H)2[SeBr6] (5) in addition to (C6H4CH2NMe2)SeBr, which has been previously reported.
Phase Relations and Crystal Structures in the Ternary Systems Sr‐{Ag, Au}‐{Si, Ge}
Authors: Zeiringer Isolde , Grytsiv Andriy , Bauer Ernst , Giester Gerald , Rogl Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPhase equilibria in the isothermal sections of the ternary systems Sr‐{Ag, Au}‐{Si, Ge} were determined in the (Si) or (Ge) rich part up to 33.3 at % Sr after annealing at 700 °C (Sr‐{Ag, Au}‐Ge) or 800 °C (Sr‐{Ag, Au}‐Si). Tentative liquidus projections were constructed for the Si, Ge‐rich part of all the four phase diagrams. These systems are characterized by a series of ternary compounds, exhibiting in some cases extended homogeneity regions at a constant Sr content. Compounds in the Si, Ge‐rich region essentially form along two sections: at 33.3 at % Sr (AlB2‐family) and at 20 at % Sr (BaAl4‐family of structure types). The crystal structures of the novel equilibrium phases were derived by X‐ray single crystal diffraction: Sr2Ag1+xSi3–x–y□y [Sr2LiSi3 type; x = 0.17, y = 0.43: a = 8.4488(2), b = 14.6376(2), c = 18.4018(2) Å], SrAg2–xSi2+x [ThCr2Si2 type; x = 0.1: a = 4.37664(6), c = 10.4517(2) Å], Sr(Au1–y□y)(Si1–xAux)3 [BaNiSn3 type; x = 0.59, y = 0.64: a = 4.4594(2), c = 10.1013(6) Å] and SrAu5–x□xSi2 [BaAu5Si2 type; x = 0.7: a = 8.7557(3), b = 6.9945(2), c = 9.8873(3) Å]. The crystal structures of Sr(AgxGe1–x)2 [AlB2 type; x = 0.25: a = 4.3431(2), c = 4.5938(1) Å], SrAg2–xGe2+x [ThCr2Si2 type; x = 0.2: a = 4.4476(2), c = 10.822(1) Å] and Sr(AuxGe1–x)2 [AlB2 type; x = 0.25: a = 4.3263(2), c = 4.5852(7) Å] were evaluated by X‐ray powder Rietveld analysis. Composition dependent polymorphism was observed among the BaAl4‐type derivative structures for SrAu2–xGe2+x: CaBe2Ge2 type [x = 0.45: a = 4.4796(2), c = 10.6315(5) Å], BaCu2Sb2 type [x = 0.35: a = 4.4866(2), c = 31.808(1) Å] and ThCr2Si2 type [x = 0.2: a = 4.5214(4), c = 10.336(1) Å]. Similarly, Sr(AuxSi1–x)2 exhibits the Ca2AgSi3 structure type [x = 0.25: a = 8.3407(2), b = 14.4465(2) and c = 9.2664(3) Å] and the AlB2 type [x = 0.375: a = 4.2241(2), c = 4.5799(3) Å]. The structural chemistry of the BaAl4 derivative structures within the sections SrT2–xX2+x is discussed.
Therapeutic Strategies for Advanced Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Segmental Portal Hypertension
Authors: Dumont F. , Goudard Y. , Caramella C. , Goéré D. , Baudin E. , Elias D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) locally advanced may lead to significant local symptoms especially segmental portal hypertension (SPH) with risk of bleeding. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of SPH on the PNET management in an expert center.MethodsForty‐two patients treated for locally advanced PNET with SPH between January 1984 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsThe median age was 55 years (25–75). The median tumor size was 7.5 cm (3–20). Thirty four (80.9 %) patients were metastatic mainly in the liver (n = 33, 79 %) with a frequent (n = 16, 38.1 %) involvement >20 %. The surgery was impossible because of SPH in 7 (16.6 %) cases. Pancreatic resection was performed in 28 (66.7 %) cases by distal pancreatectomy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 24, 57 %) had no impact on SPH with no modification of collateral circulation. Among operated on patients, complete macroscopic resection was obtained in 19 (67.8 %) patients. The mortality and severe morbidity rate was respectively 3.6 and 18 %. Five year overall survival (OS) was similar in operated and no operated patients. (61 %; p = 0.64). The 5‐year OS was 77.9 or 55.4 % in patients who underwent a complete or incomplete macroscopic resection of primary and metastases, respectively.ConclusionPNET resection associated with SPH is feasible with a low morbimortality. SPH was not improved by chemotherapy. Prolonged survival was observed after complete macroscopic resection.
2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Authors:   Alzheimer's Association
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis report discusses the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality rates, costs of care and the overall effect on caregivers and society. It also examines the challenges encountered by health care providers when disclosing an AD diagnosis to patients and caregivers. An estimated 5.3 million Americans have AD; 5.1 million are age ≥65 years, and approximately 200,000 are age <65 years and have younger onset AD. By mid‐century, the number of people living with AD in the United States is projected to grow by nearly 10 million, fueled in large part by the aging baby boom generation. Today, someone in the country develops AD every 67 seconds. By 2050, one new case of AD is expected to develop every 33 seconds, resulting in nearly 1 million new cases per year, and the estimated prevalence is expected to range from 11 million to 16 million. In 2013, official death certificates recorded 84,767 deaths from AD, making AD the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death in Americans age ≥65 years. Between 2000 and 2013, deaths resulting from heart disease, stroke and prostate cancer decreased 14%, 23% and 11%, respectively, whereas deaths from AD increased 71%. The actual number of deaths to which AD contributes (or deaths with AD) is likely much larger than the number of deaths from AD recorded on death certificates. In 2015, an estimated 700,000 Americans age ≥65 years will die with AD, and many of them will die from complications caused by AD. In 2014, more than 15 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 17.9 billion hours of care to people with AD and other dementias, a contribution valued at more than $217 billion. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age ≥65 years with AD and other dementias are more than two and a half times as great as payments for all beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are 19 times as great. Total payments in 2015 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age ≥65 years with dementia are expected to be $226 billion. Among people with a diagnosis of AD or another dementia, fewer than half report having been told of the diagnosis by their health care provider. Though the benefits of a prompt, clear and accurate disclosure of an AD diagnosis are recognized by the medical profession, improvements to the disclosure process are needed. These improvements may require stronger support systems for health care providers and their patients.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF CHAIN LADDER BASED PRICING APPROACHES FOR LONG-TAIL QUOTA SHARES
Authors: Riegel Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPricing approaches for long-tail quota shares are often based on the chain ladder method. Apart from IBNR calculation, common pricing methods require volume measures for accident years in the observation period, and for the quotation period. In practice, in most cases restated premiums are used as the volume measures. The prediction error of the chain ladder method is an important part of the prediction uncertainty of these pricing approaches. There are, however, two sources of uncertainty that are not addressed by the chain ladder model: the stochastic volatility of the claims in the first development year; and the restatement uncertainty, the risk that the restated premium is not a good volume measure. We extend Mack's chain ladder model to cover these two sources of uncertainty, and calculate the mean-squared error of chain ladder pricing approaches with arbitrary weights for the accident years in the observation period. Then we focus on the problem of finding optimal weights for the accident years. First, we assume that the parameters for restatement uncertainty are given, and provide recursion formulas to calculate approximately-optimal weights. Second, we describe a maximum likelihood approach that can be used to estimate the restatement uncertainty.
WHO COMES AND WHY? DETERMINANTS OF IMMIGRANTS SKILL LEVEL IN THE EARLY XXTH CENTURY US
Authors: Covarrubias Matías , Lafortune Jeanne , Tessada José 
Published: March 2015

Abstract:This paper first elaborates a model of intermediate selection where potential migrants must have both the resources to finance the migration cost (liquidity constraint restriction) and an income gain of migrating (economic incentives restriction). We then test the predictions of the model regarding the impact of output in the sending country and migration costs on average skill level of immigrants to the United States from 1899 to 1932, where immigration was initially unrestricted by law and then highly limited. Our panel of 39 countries includes data on occupations that immigrants had in their country of origin, providing a more accurate skill measure than previously available datasets. We find that migration costs have a negative but skill-neutral effect on quantity of immigrants and an increase in output, measured as GDP per capita, has a positive effect on quantity and a negative effect on average skill level of immigrants, suggesting that the main channel by which changes in output affected the average skill level of migrants in that time period is through the easing or tightening of the liquidity constraints and not through the economic incentives as in previous models. Also, using migrants’ occupation in the United States as a measure of skills would lead to misleading conclusions.
Reply to O'Brienet al.
Authors: Stanford Dennis , Bradley Bruce 
Published: March 2015

Across Atlantic ice (AAI)sets out specifically to propose an alternative hypothesis of early human entry into the Americas and to stimulate research (Stanford & Bradley 2012: 16). O'Brienet al.'s response (above) primarily contains an unsupported dismissal of the evidence and these ideas. Unfortunately, to date, no work equivalent toAAIhas been presented for any other Clovis origin hypothesis; this would be most welcome, especially from those who critique and reject the Solutrean hypothesis with unsupported assertions.For convenience we respond to each of O'Brien et al.'s critiques in the order in which they appear.
Assessing genotype-by-environment interactions and trait associations in forage sorghum using GGE biplot analysis
Authors: ARUNA C. , RAKSHIT S. , SHROTRIA P. K. , PAHUJA S. K. , JAIN S. K. , SIVA KUMAR S. , MODI N.D. , DESHMUKH D. T. , KAPOOR R. , PATIL J. V. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYForage sorghum is an important component of the fodder supply chain in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world because of its high productivity, ability to utilize water efficiently and adaptability to a wide range of climatic conditions. Identification of high-yielding stable genotypes (G) across environments (E) is challenging because of the complex G × E interactions (GEI). In the present study, the performance of 16 forage sorghum genotypes over seven locations across the rainy seasons of 2010 and 2011 was investigated using GGE biplot analysis. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant GEI for fodder yield and all eight associated phenotypic traits. Location accounted for a higher proportion of the variation (0·72–0·91), while genotype contributed only 0·06–0·21 of total variation in different traits. Genotype-by-location interactions contributed 0·02–0·13 of total variation. Promising genotypes for fodder yield and each of the associated traits could be identified effectively using a graphical biplot approach. The majority of test locations were highly correlated. A ‘Which-won-where’ study partitioned the test locations into two mega-environments (MEs): ME1 was represented by five locations with COFS 29 as the best genotype, while ME2 had two locations with S 541 as the best genotype. The existence of two MEs suggested a need for location-specific breeding. Genotype-by-trait biplots indicated that improvement for forage yield could be achieved through indirect selection for plant height, leaf number and early vigour.