bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does cooperation affect innovation in micro-enterprises?
Authors: Tu Chiayu , Hwang Shiuh-Nan , Wong Jehn-Yih 
Published: September 2014

Purpose– This research investigates how micro-enterprises cooperate with external parties in order to promote innovation and entrepreneurial success. The purpose of this paper is to describe supplier and consumer cooperation and analyzes how these two behavioral modes influence the product and service innovations of micro-enterprises. Based on the resource-based view of the firm, the authors show that micro-enterprises help the source of innovation by tapping into the resources and abilities of suppliers.Design/methodology/approach– This research used a questionnaire to randomly sample micro-entrepreneurs that run stalls at night markets. Before distributing the final questionnaire, the authors in-depth interviewed ten micro-entrepreneurs and asked them to openly describe their entrepreneurial processes and success stories.Findings– The results of this study show that cooperation with consumers does not improve product and service innovations. By contrast, the cooperation of micro-enterprises with suppliers was found to increase the generation of product and service innovations in the present study. And the findings show that the effect of innovation approaches on entrepreneurial success indicates that product innovation positively improves firm performance. Last, from the perspective of cooperation behavior, product innovation mediates entrepreneurial success through cooperation with suppliers.Research limitations/implications– Because of respondents were night market vendors and thus the results are not necessarily generalizable to other types of micro-enterprises. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test multiple types of micro-enterprises. Second, this research aimed to differentiate the relationships between innovation approaches and entrepreneurial success by focussing exclusively on product and service innovations. Therefore, other variables should be included in future studies.Practical implications– As for practical implications in the field of cooperation behavior, the authors have shown that it is crucial to maintain long-term cooperative relations with trusted suppliers.Social implications– As for practical implications in the field of cooperation behavior, the authors have shown that it is crucial to maintain long-term cooperative relations with trusted suppliers.Originality/value– This paper fulfills an identified need to study how innovation in micro-enterprises.
Effects of aging on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of high-temperature Zn-4Al-3Mg solder
Authors: Wang Huan , Liu Yongchang , Gao Huixia , Gao Zhiming 
Published: September 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the transformations during aging at 200°C for different periods on microstructure and mechanical properties of high-temperature Zn-4Al-3Mg solders.

Design/methodology/approach
– The solder was melted in a resistance furnace, and different cooling rates were obtained by changing the cooling medium. Subsequently, all the specimens were aged at 200°C for 20 h and 50 h. A scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector and X-ray diffraction were used for the observation of microstructures and the determination of phase composition. Tensile tests and Rockwell hardness tests were also performed.

Findings
– After aging, Zn atoms precipitated from the supersaturated α-Al and the (α-Al + η-Zn)eutectoid phase with the original fine lamellar structure coarsened and spheroidized to minimize the system energy. Among these solders, the furnace-cooled alloys exhibited the highest thermal stability, largely retaining their original morphology after aging, whereas the collapse and spheroidization of the η-Zn phase and the coarsening of the η-Zn dendrites took place in the air-cooled and water-cooled samples, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in tensile strength during aging was attributed to the thermal softening effect. The variation of macro-hardness was mainly associated with the microstructural alterations in terms of quantity, morphology and distribution of soft η-Zn phase and hard intermetallic compounds induced by the aging treatment.

Originality/value
– The structural stability of eutectic Zn-4Al-3Mg solders solidified at different cooling rates and the effect of aging on mechanical properties were investigated.
Intergenerational trade‐off for water may induce a mother–offspring conflict in favour of embryos in a viviparous snake
Authors: Dupoué Andréaz , Brischoux François , Angelier Frédéric , DeNardo Dale F. , Wright Christian D. , Lourdais Olivier 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Parent–offspring conflicts are likely to occur when resources are limiting either at pre‐ or post‐natal stages due to intergenerational trade‐offs over resources. Current theory posits that such conflicts may influence the evolution of parental allocation as well as reproductive modes. While energy allocation to the offspring has received considerable attention, the distribution of water – another potentially limited vital resource to both the mother and offspring – and the resulting outcomes remain grossly understudied.

Here, we explored the intergenerational trade‐off related to water resources in the viviparous aspic viper (Vipera aspis) by examining the effects of water deprivation on female physiology (body mass, haematocrit and osmolality), water transfer to developing embryos and reproductive performance.

As a result of water deprivation, females became dehydrated, with the effects more pronounced in pregnant compared to nonreproductive females. Among pregnant females, the impacts of water deprivation on water balance were correlated with fecundity. In contrast, water deprivation had no effect on water transfer to the offspring or on reproductive performance.

Our results demonstrate that, under water‐constraining conditions, female water balance is compromised in favour of the developing embryos, highlighting a significant intergenerational trade‐off for water. Although ectothermic reptiles are particularly tolerant in water balance perturbations, our results suggest that, like energy, water can be a conflicting resource between mother and offspring. Parent–offspring conflict over water should therefore be further investigated to better understand reproductive modes and reproductive trade‐offs in terrestrial organisms.
The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the roots of a ruderal forb is not related to the forest fragmentation process
Authors: Grilli Gabriel , Urcelay Carlos , Galetto Leonardo , Davison John , Vasar Martti , Saks Ülle , Jairus Teele , Öpik Maarja 
Published: September 2014

SummaryLand‐use changes and forest fragmentation have strong impact on biodiversity. However, little is known about the influence of new landscape configurations on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) community composition. We used 454 pyrosequencing to assess AMF diversity in plant roots from a fragmented forest. We detected 59 virtual taxa (VT; phylogenetically defined operational taxonomic units) of AMF – including 10 new VT – in the roots of Euphorbia acerensis. AMF communities were mainly composed of members of family Glomeraceae and were similar throughout the fragmented landscape, despite variation in forest fragment size (i.e. small, medium and large) and isolation (i.e. varying pairwise distances). AMF communities in forest fragments were phylogenetically clustered compared with the global, but not regional and local AMF taxon pools. This indicates that non‐random community assembly processes possibly related to dispersal limitation at a large scale, rather than habitat filtering or biotic interactions, may be important in structuring the AMF communities. In this system, forest fragmentation did not appear to influence AMF community composition in the roots of the ruderal plant. Whether this is true for AMF communities in soil and the roots of other ecological groups of host plants or in other habitats deserves further study.
The paradox of the modernisation of urban water systems in Europe: Intrinsic institutional limits for sustainability
Authors: Bolognesi Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article assesses the sustainability potential of the urban water systems in Europe (UWSE) following their modernisation. A decade after implementation and close to the first deadlines, modernisation efforts seem to have not been (totally) successful. This article examines the ability of governance to achieve sustainability and poses the question of how modernisation develops a particular “terrain” more or less favourable to sustainability. We use the Institutional resource regimes framework which has been dedicated to determining the potential for sustainability of natural resources regulation. Conclusions show that the modernisation of UWSEs offers a path for progress which though necessary is insufficient due to a lack of coherence between policy design and the regulatory system. Globally, the development of regulation goes hand in hand with increasing inconsistencies that reduce the efficiency of the reform.
Expression of p63 and CK5/6 in early‐stage lung squamous cell carcinoma is not only an early diagnostic indicator but also correlates with a good prognosis
Authors: Ma Yunfan , Fan Mengying , Dai Liang , Kang Xiaozheng , Liu Yiqiang , Sun Yu , Xiong Hongchao , Liang Zhen , Yan Wanpu , Chen Keneng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of lung cancers, and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) is one of the main types. Advances in the treatment of lung SQCC are lacking when compared to lung adenocarcinoma. The main treatment for early‐stage SQCC is surgery. However, factors affecting the efficacy of surgical treatments for early‐stage lung SQCC remain unclear. In this study, we examined the significance of commonly used lung SQCC diagnostic markers p63, p40, and cytokeratin (CK)5/6 in prognosis.MethodsSeventy‐six cases of early‐stage lung SQCC (N0) were obtained from our lung cancer database (January 2000 to December 2009). Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were used to detect the expression of p63, p40, and CK5/6. The effect of the expression level of each marker on patients' survival was examined.ResultsSensitivity and specificity of each marker for detecting lung SQCC was 87.0% and 81.0% for p63, 75.9% and 97.9% for p40, and 78.9% and 97.7% for CK5/6. Survival rates of patients with high expression levels of p63 or CK5/6 or both were higher than in patients with low expression levels (P < 0.05). Expression levels of p40 had no effect on survival (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of p63 expression p63+CK5/6 co‐expression were independent prognostic factors for good survival.ConclusionIHC staining detection of p63 and CK5/6 in specimens should be routinely performed in postoperative early‐stage lung SQCC patients. Its significance lies not only in differential diagnosis, but also in determining prognosis.
Alternative method for jejunostomy in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy
Authors: Gong Liqun , Yan Bo , Chen Yulong , Wang Meng , Zhang Qiang , Hui Chen , Wang Changli 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo supplement nutrition, jejunostomy has been widely adopted as an adjunct surgical procedure for Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. Most Chinese surgeons have a preference for parenteral nutrition even though it has some disadvantages compared with jejunostomy. In this report, we describe a new approach that allows the quick insertion of a feeding tube in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy. We retrospectively analyze cases that have applied this approach and compare the advantages and disadvantages of jejunostomy.MethodsBetween January 2010 and December 2012, 131 patients underwent Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy in our hospital. These patients were divided into three groups: the total parenteral nutrition (PN) group, the jejunostomy (JT) group and the feeding tube (FT) group. The effect and safety of the procedure were compared.ResultsIt took approximately 20 minutes longer to perform jejunostomy compared to placing a feeding tube (P < 0.05). The nutrition cost of the JT group was higher than the FT group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the FT and JT groups (P > 0.05) in the ratio of body weight loss seven days post‐surgery. The anal exsufflation time of the FT group was similar to the JT group (P > 0.05). The incidence of intestinal adhesion and obstruction in the JT group was 26.3%, which is much higher than in the FT and PN groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionPlacing the feeding tube after Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy can decrease operative damage and bring sufficient nutrition. We believe it can be an alternative to jejunostomy in Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy.
Forest expansion or fragmentation? Discriminating forest fragments from natural forest patches through patch structure and spatial context metrics
Authors: Matte Ana Luiza Leichter , Müller Sandra Cristina , Becker Fernando Gertum 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn forest–grassland mosaics, patches can result from two processes: forest expansion over grassy ecosystems and forest fragmentation. We tested the hypothesis that patches produced by these processes differed in structure and spatial context in a forest–grassland mosaic in the southern Brazilian highlands. We compared a present‐day land cover map with a past vegetation map to identify natural forest patches and forest fragments. Patches were described according to structure (size, core area and shape metrics) and spatial context (distance from roads and urban areas, edge contrast). Principal component analyses were used to examine gradients of patch types, and differences were tested by analysis of variance with randomization test. We found 878 natural patches and 214 fragments. Natural forest patches, riparian forest patches and forest fragments differed in structure and spatial context. In comparison to natural forest patches, fragments tend to be larger, with larger core areas, and more irregular and complex in shape. Fragments are situated in a different spatial context, tending to be closer to roads and urban areas and to present higher edge contrast. Riparian natural forest patches are similar to natural forest patches, except for shape. The smaller area and regular shape of natural patches probably result from the mechanisms involved in nucleus formation in the grassland matrix and from current grassland management. Natural patches are less exposed to some anthropogenic stresses, since most of them remain in a native grassland matrix context. Our results show that inferring process from pattern is not trivial, because different processes – forest expansion and forest fragmentation – may lead to either distinct or similar patterns of patch shape and spatial context. Studying patch structure and spatial context may then provide further insight into understanding changes in vegetation pattern at landscape scale, and in disentangling the effects of concurrent processes.
Epiphyseal osteosarcoma revisited: four illustrative cases with unusual histopathology and literature review
Authors: Chow Louis Tsun Cheung , Wong Simon Kwok Chuen 
Published: September 2014

Osteosarcomas arising in the epiphysis are extremely rare and easily missed in the diagnostic consideration of epiphyseal tumors. It is the purpose of this study to delineate the clinical pathological characteristics of ‘epiphyseal osteosarcoma’ under the definition of ‘a solitary long bone osteosarcoma radiographically considered an epiphyseal tumor for which the main radiologic differential diagnosis would encompass giant cell tumor, chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma’.Four such cases with unusual histopathology were retrieved among 110 cases of osteosarcoma. Their clinical, radiological and pathological features, together with all 10 reported cases, were analyzed.The radiographic diagnoses of our four cases include two giant cell tumors, one chondroblastoma and one clear cell chondrosarcoma but turn out to be fibroblastic, giant cell rich, telangiectatic and epithelioid variant of epiphyseal osteosarcoma. Including our patients, the 14 reported epiphyseal osteosarcomas comprise 8 males and 6 females, the age at presentation ranges from 11 to 39 years, two‐third in the second decade, 71.4% affect the femur. Due to their epiphyseal locations, many carry benign radiological diagnoses notably giant cell tumor and chondroblastoma.Epiphyseal osteosarcomas may not only masquerade as benign radiological bony lesions but also assume many histological patterns; orthopedic surgeons, radiologists and pathologists should be aware of such possibility. Their behavior and prognosis are dictated by the histologic types, grading and staging rather than location.
Calcifying fibrous tumor: an unrecognized IgG4—related disease?
Authors: Larson Brent K. , Balzer Bonnie , Goldwasser Jerome , Dhall Deepti 
Published: September 2014

Calcifying fibrous tumor is a rare benign mass lesion characterized by bland spindle cells embedded in abundant collagenous matrix, interspersed dystrophic or psammomatous calcifications, and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. It shares several clinical and morphologic features with IgG4‐related disease, a newly recognized fibroinflammatory disorder. Characteristic histologic features of IgG4‐related lesions include dense fibrosis and abundant lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, similar to calcifying fibrous tumor. They contain high numbers of IgG4‐positive plasma cells in the tissue. Patients also often have elevated serum IgG4 levels. We report the case of a patient with an ileal calcifying fibrous tumor that contained 69 IgG4‐positive plasma cells per high‐power field and an IgG4‐to‐IgG ratio of 56% in lesional plasma cells. The patient's serum IgG4 level was 185 mg/dL, more than double the normal value. Altogether, these features suggest that calcifying fibrous tumor could be an unrecognized lesion of IgG4‐related disease.
Peatlands and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia: Complex realities for resource governance, rural development and climate change mitigation
Authors: Thorburn Craig C. , Kull Christian A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPeatlands play a crucial role in Indonesia's economic development, and in its stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Improved peatland management – including a national moratorium on the granting of any new conversion licenses – forms a cornerstone of Indonesia's climate change mitigation commitment. At the same time, rapid expansion of the plantation sector is driving wide‐scale drainage and conversion of peat swamp ecosystems. The province of Riau, in central Sumatra, finds itself at the crossroads of these conflicting agendas. This essay presents a case study of three islands on Riau's east coast affected by industrial timber plantation concessions. It examines the divergent experiences, perceptions and responses of communities on the islands. A mix of dramatic protests, localised everyday actions and constructive dialogue has succeeded in delaying or perhaps halting one of the concessions, while negotiations and contestation with the other two continue. With the support of regional and national non‐governmental organisations and local government, communities are pursuing alternative development strategies, including the cultivation of sago, which requires no peat drainage. While a powerful political economy of state and corporate actors shapes the contours of socio‐environmental change, local social movements can alter trajectories of change, promoting incremental improvements and alternative pathways.
Prevalence and risk factors for gastroschisis in a public hospital from west México
Authors: Robledo‐Aceves Mireya , Bobadilla‐Morales Lucina , Mellín‐Sánchez Estrella Lizbeth , Corona‐Rivera Alfredo , Pérez‐Molina J. Jesús , Cárdenas‐Ruiz Velasco Juan José , Corona‐Rivera Jorge Román 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMexico is recognized as a country with a high prevalence of gastroschisis, although the cause of this remains unclear. We define the prevalence and potential risk factors for gastroschisis in a public hospital from west México. A case‐control study was conducted among 270 newborns, including 90 patients with nonsyndromic gastroschisis (cases) and 180 infants without birth defects (controls), born all during the period 2009 to 2013 at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Dr. Juan I. Menchaca” (Guadalajara, Mexico), from a total of 51 145 live births. Potential maternal risk factors for gastroschisis were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis to evaluate the deviance explained by different variables of interest. The overall prevalence of gastroschisis in live births was 17.6 per 10 000 births (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0–21.2), whereas in offspring of women ≤19 years old was 29.9 per 10 000 births (95% CI 21.9–38.0). Mothers ≤19 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.8: 95% CI 1.5–5.1), anemia during pregnancy (aOR 10.7; 95% CI 2.0–56.9), first‐trimester exposure to hormonal contraceptives (aOR 3.7; 95% CI 1.0–13.0), and first‐trimester alcohol consumption (aOR 3.4; 95% CI 1.6–7.3), were associated with gastroschisis. Contrarily, adjusted OR for pre‐pregnancy body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 has protective odds (aOR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.5). Our results suggest an increased risk for gastroschisis among mothers under the age of 20, with anemia during pregnancy, and those who used hormonal contraceptives or consumed alcohol during early pregnancy, whereas, pre‐pregnancy overweight has a protective OR, and they are discussed as clues in its pathogenesis.
Modified right colon inversion technique as a salvage procedure for colorectal or coloanal anastomosis
Authors: Kontovounisios C. , Baloyiannis Y. , Kinross J. , Tan E. , Rasheed S. , Tekkis P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimA tension‐free well vascularized colorectal or coloanal anastomosis is not always possible following rectal or sigmoid resection. The study reports on the short‐term and long‐term outcome of a modified right colon inversion technique as a means of facilitating a low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis.MethodAll patients who underwent right colonic inversion, a modified Deloyers’ procedure, were identified retrospectively from the prospective database of the Colorectal Department of the Royal Marsden Hospital from October 2008 to December 2013.ResultsThere were 14 (nine male) patients of median age 58.7 (45–75) years. The main indication was extensive diverticular disease (50%) and previous colonic surgery (21.4%). A defunctioning stoma was performed in 64.3% which was reversed in all within 3–6 months. Three (21.4%) patients developed postoperative complications (Clavien–Dindo 1–2) and none required reoperation. The median duration of follow‐up was 11 months. One (7.2%) patient had one bowel movement per day, 10 (71.4%) patients had two bowel movements per day and three (21.4%) patients had three per day.ConclusionThe modified right colonic inversion technique is safe and achieves intestinal continuity with a tension‐free well vascularized anastomosis. Good function and low morbidity show that the procedure is a credible alternative to ileorectal or ileoanal anastomosis.