bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse Posterior Interosseous Artery Flap for Reconstruction of the Wrist and Hand after Sarcoma Resection
Authors: Wang Jia‐Qiang , Cai Qi‐Qing , Yao Wei‐Tao , Gao Song‐Tao , Wang Xin , Zhang Peng 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo report our experience of posterior interosseous artery flap reconstruction of the wrist and hand after soft tissue sarcoma resection.MethodsThirteen patients who presented to our institution for treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of the wrist and hand from February 2007 to January 2009 were prospectively enrolled. After tumor resection, the soft tissue defects were covered with posterior interosseous artery flaps. Relevant patient characteristics, results of creation of flap and functional outcomes were reviewed. Relevant clinical characteristics were recorded prior to surgery. The size, pedicle length and thickness of flaps were measured intraoperatively and complications evaluated two weeks after surgery. Functional outcomes and aesthetic results were evaluated 6 to 24 months after surgery, using Enneking's Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 functional scoring system.ResultsThe patients' ages ranged from 14 to 82 years (54.92 ± 19.09 years), including six aged >65 years. Flap sizes varied from 5 cm × 3 cm to 8 cm × 5 cm. Flap survival rate was 100%. One patient had partial necrosis of the Z‐shaped incision, which healed with routine wound care. Mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 27.31 ± 3.68. Eleven patients were alive and disease‐free at a mean follow‐up of 36 months. One patient died of pulmonary metastases 18 months after surgery. One patient developed recurrence and underwent amputation 12 months after surgery.DiscussionReverse posterior interosseous flaps are reliable flaps for reconstruction of the wrist and hand after soft tissue sarcoma resection. They are suitable for elderly patients. The one‐stage surgery and primary healing allow for timely postoperative adjuvant therapy following this type of reconstruction.
Clinical use of pulse oximetry: Official guidelines from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Pretto Jeffrey J. , Roebuck Teanau , Beckert Lutz , Hamilton Garun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPulse oximetry provides a simple, non‐invasive approximation of arterial oxygenation in a wide variety of clinical settings including emergency and critical‐care medicine, hospital‐based and ambulatory care, perioperative monitoring, inpatient and outpatient settings, and for specific diagnostic applications. Pulse oximetry is of utility in perinatal, paediatric, adult and geriatric populations but may require use of age‐specific sensors in these groups. It plays a role in the monitoring and treatment of respiratory dysfunction by detecting hypoxaemia and is effective in guiding oxygen therapy in both adult and paediatric populations. Pulse oximetry does not provide information about the adequacy of ventilation or about precise arterial oxygenation, particularly when arterial oxygen levels are very high or very low. Arterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard in these settings. Pulse oximetry may be inaccurate as a marker of oxygenation in the presence of dyshaemoglobinaemias such as carbon monoxide poisoning or methaemoglobinaemia where arterial oxygen saturation values will be overestimated. Technical considerations such as sensor position, signal averaging time and data sampling rates may influence clinical interpretation of pulse oximetry readings.
Variance Components Testing in ANOVA‐Type Mixed Models
Authors: Li Zaixing , Chen Fei , Zhu Lixing 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is threefold. First, variance components testing for ANOVA‐type mixed models is considered, in which response may not be divided into independent sub‐vectors, whereas most of existing methods are for models where response can be divided into independent sub‐vectors. Second, testing that a certain subset of variance components is zero. Third, as normality is often violated in practice, it is desirable to construct tests under very mild assumptions. To achieve these goals, an adaptive difference‐based test and an adaptive trace‐based test are constructed. The test statistics are asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis, are consistent against all global alternatives and can detect local alternatives distinct from the null at a rate as close to n − 1 ∕ 2 as possible with n being the sample size. Moreover, when the dimensions of variance components in different sets are bounded, we develop a test with chi‐square as its limiting null distribution. The finite sample performance of the tests is examined via simulations, and a real data set is analysed for illustration.
Perspectives on the German Energiewende: Culture and Ecology in German Instruction
Authors: Berg Bartell M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis article addresses a dual desire for teaching units that (1) incorporate green issues into the language curriculum, (2) fulfill the need for comparative cultural studies in the language classroom, and (3) incorporate the ACTFL Standards for Foreign Language Learning. Included are a review of recent approaches to teaching culture in the German curriculum, the role of the Standards in culture instruction, and an instructional approach, Stationenlernen, that may be adaptable to teaching culture. After reflection on affective considerations and the intercultural stance, the article outlines a teaching unit for intermediate and early‐advanced German instruction. The exploration of the German Energiewende and cultural perspectives that underlie the resistance to atomic energy in Germany will appeal to instructors challenged with integrating environmental culture into the German curriculum.
World Englishes and international call centres
Authors: BOLTON KINGSLEY 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCall centres (or telephone ‘contact centres’) of various kinds have become an increasing fact of life for many people in Europe, North America and other developed economies. Although telephone contact centres may be dated back to the 1960s and 1970s in the US, their intrusion into the lives of British and US consumers has grown exponentially since the 1980s. Since the early 2000s, however, a significant number of call centre operations have been outsourced to such destinations as India and the Philippines, thereby raising a number of issues relating to language and globalisation and the politics of English as an international language.
Evidence ofToxoplasma gondiiExposure in Boer Goat Herds in Missouri,USA
Authors: Yaglom H. D. , Rottinghaus A. A. , Pithua P. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryLimited data currently exist on the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections in goats in theUSA. The objective of this pilot investigation was to determine the prevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiantibodies in Boer goats raised in Missouri. Sera collected from 367 Boer goats in 24 herds were tested using a commercial latex agglutination assay. Evidence ofT. gondiiantibodies was present in 25 of the 367 goats, with titres of 1 : 32 in 4, 1 : 64 in 11, 1 : 128 in 5, 1 : 256 in 3 and 1 : 1024 in 2. Estimates for the apparent animal‐level and between‐herd prevalence were 6.8% (95%CI = 4.7–9.9%) and 41.7% (95%CI = 24.5–61.2%). These results confirm that Boer goats in Missouri are exposed toT. gondiiand may constitute a public health risks.
Are hospital services for self-harm getting better? An observational study examining management, service provision and temporal trends in England
Authors: Cooper J , Steeg S , Bennewith O , Lowe M , Gunnell D , House A , Hawton K , Kapur N 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics and management of individuals attending hospital with self-harm and assess changes in management and service quality since an earlier study in 2001, a period in which national guidance has been available.DesignObservational study.SettingA stratified random sample of 32 hospitals in England, UK.Participants:6442 individuals presenting with 7689 episodes of self-harm during a 3-month audit period between 2010 and 2011.OutcomeSelf-harm episodes, key aspects of individual management relating to psychosocial assessment and follow-up, and a 21-item measure of service quality.ResultsOverall, 56% (3583/6442) of individuals were women and 51% (3274/6442) were aged under 35 years. Hospitals varied markedly in their management. The proportion of episodes that received a psychosocial assessment by a mental health professional ranged from 22% to 88% (median 58%, IQR 48–70%); the proportion of episodes resulting in admission to general hospitals varied from 22% to 85% (median 54%, IQR 41–63%); a referral for specialist mental health follow-up was made in 11–64% of episodes (median 28%, IQR 22–38%); a referral to non-statutory services was made in 4–62% of episodes (median 15%, IQR 8–23%); 0–21% of episodes resulted in psychiatric admission (median 7%, QR 4–12%). The specialist assessment rate varied by method of harm; the median rate for self-cutting was 45% (IQR 28–63%) vs 58% (IQR 48–73%) for self-poisoning. Compared with the 2001 study, there was little difference in the proportion of episodes receiving specialist assessment; there was a significant increase in general hospital admission but a decrease in referrals for specialist mental health follow-up. However, scores on the service quality scale had increased from a median of 11.5–14.5 (a 26% increase).ConclusionsServices for the hospital management of self-harm remain variable despite national guidelines and policy initiatives. We found no evidence for increasing levels of assessment over time but markers of service quality may have improved.This paper forms part of the study ‘Variations in self-harm service delivery: an observational study examining outcomes and temporal trends’. The National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN) Portfolio database registration number: HOMASH 2 (7333). The NIHR Coordinated System for gaining NHS Permission (CSP) registration number: 23226.
Outcome Impact of Coronary Revascularization Strategy Reclassification With Fractional Flow Reserve at Time of Diagnostic Angiography
Authors: Van Belle Eric , Rioufol Gilles , Pouillot Christophe , Cuisset Thomas , Bougrini Karim , Teiger Emmanuel , Champagne Stéphane , Belle Loic , Barreau Didier , Hanssen Michel , Besnard Cyril , Dauphin Raphael , Dallongeville Jean , El Hahi Yassine , Sideris Georgios , Bretelle Christophe , Lhoest Nicolas , Barnay Pierre , Leborgne Laurent , Dupouy Patrick 
Published: November 2013

Background—
There is no large report of the impact of fractional flow reserve (FFR) on the reclassification of the coronary revascularization strategy on individual patients referred for diagnostic angiography.

Methods and Results—

The Registre Français de la FFR (R3F) investigated 1075 consecutive patients undergoing diagnostic angiography including an FFR investigation at 20 French centers. Investigators were asked to define prospectively their revascularization strategy a priori based on angiography before performing the FFR. The final revascularization strategy, reclassification of the strategy by FFR, and 1-year clinical follow-up were prospectively recorded. The strategy a priori based on angiography was medical therapy in 55% and revascularization in 45% (percutaneous coronary intervention, 38%; coronary artery bypass surgery, 7%). Patients were treated according to FFR in 1028/1075 (95.7%). The applied strategy after FFR was medical therapy in 58% and revascularization in 42% (percutaneous coronary intervention, 32%; coronary artery bypass surgery, 10%). The final strategy applied differed from the strategy a priori in 43% of cases: in 33% of a priori medical patients, in 56% of patients undergoing a priori percutaneous coronary intervention, and in 51% of patients undergoing a priori coronary artery bypass surgery. In reclassified patients treated based on FFR and in disagreement with the angiography-based a priori decision (n=464), the 1-year outcome (major cardiac event, 11.2%) was as good as in patients in whom final applied strategy concurred with the angiography-based a priori decision (n=611; major cardiac event, 11.9%; log-rank,
P
=0.78). At 1 year, >93% patients were asymptomatic without difference between reclassified and nonreclassified patients (Generalized Linear Mixed Model,
P
=0.75). Reclassification safety was preserved in high-risk patients.

Conclusion—
This study shows that performing FFR during diagnostic angiography is associated with reclassification of the revascularization decision in about half of the patients. It further demonstrates that it is safe to pursue a revascularization strategy divergent from that suggested by angiography but guided by FFR.
CD44 targets Wnt/β-catenin pathway to mediate the proliferation of K562 cells
Authors: Chang Guoqiang , Zhang Hongju , Wang Jian , Zhang Yujuan , Xu Hua , Wang Chijuan , Zhang Hairui , Ma Li , Li Qinghua , Pang Tianxiang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a clonal myeloproliferative disorder disease in which BCR/ABL plays an important role as an oncoprotein and molecular target. Despite the success of targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors, CML remains largely incurable, most likely due to the treatment resistance after firstly chemical therapy. So know well the unique molecular pathway of CML is very important.

Methods
The expressions of CD44 in different leukemia patients and cell lines were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting. The effects of CD44 on proliferation of K562 cells were determined using the MTT and colony formation assays, and even in a nude mouse transplantation model. Then, the cell cycle changes were detected by flow cytometric analysis and the early apoptosis of cells was detected by the annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay. The expressions of the cycles and apoptosis-related proteins p21, Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 were analyzed by western blot and real-time PCR assay. Finally, the decreased nuclear accumulation of β-catenin was detected by western blotting and immunefluorescence.

Results
Firstly, we showed that CD44 expression was increased in several kinds of leukemia patients and K562 cells. By contrast, the down-regulation of CD44 resulted in decreased proliferation with a G0/G1 arrest of cell cycle in K562 cells according to the MTT assay and the flow cytometric analysis. And no significant induction of both the early and late phases of apoptosis was shown by the annexin V-FITC and PI staining. During this process, p21 and cyclin D1 are the major causes for cell cycle arrest. In addition, we found CD44 down-regulation decreased the expression of β-catenin and increased the expression of phosphorylated β-catenin. The instability of Wnt/β-catenin pathway induced by increased expression of p-β-catenin resulted in a decreased nuclear accumulation in CD44 silenced K562 cells. In the nude mouse transplantation model, we also found the same results.

Conclusions
These results show that K562 cells depend to a greater extent on CD44 for proliferation, and CD44 down-regulation may induce a cell cycle arrest through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CD44 blockade may be beneficial in therapy of CML.
Differential expression of prolyl hydroxylase 1 in patients with ulcerative colitis versus patients with Crohn’s disease/infectious colitis and healthy controls
Authors: Van Welden Sophie , Laukens Debby , Ferdinande Liesbeth , De Vos Martine , Hindryckx Pieter 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) leads to the induction of a transcriptional program that, in the gut, promotes intestinal epithelial cell survival. PHD inhibitors have recently been suggested as a promising alternative treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we explored the colonic mucosal expression of the different PHD-isoforms (PHD1, 2 and 3) in order to identify the key isoform(s) involved in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Methods
The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and TNF-α), an apoptosis marker (caspase 3) and PHD1, 2 and 3 was analysed in biopsies of IBD patients (UC and CD), patients with infectious colitis and healthy controls using qRT-PCR. PHD protein levels were evaluated using western blot. Cellular localization of PHD 1, 2 and 3 was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Results
PHD1 was significantly up-regulated in IBD patients, both at the mRNA (UC: p < 0.0001 and CD: p < 0.05) and at the protein level (UC: p < 0.05 and CD: p < 0.05), and showed a very good correlation with the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 and TNF-α and the apoptosis marker caspase 3. Colonic mucosal PHD2 mRNA and protein expressions were not altered in IBD. PHD3 expression was increased in inflamed biopsies from UC patients (p < 0.0001), but only at the mRNA level. PHD1 and PHD2 expression was found both in the colonic lamina propria and the epithelium while PHD3 was mainly located in the endothelium of blood vessels.

Conclusions
In this exploratory expression analysis, PHD1 comes forward as the primary therapeutic target for UC and, to a lesser extent, for (colonic) CD.
Flow-induced voltage generation over monolayer graphene in the presence of herringbone grooves
Authors: Lee Seung Ho , Kang Young Bok , Jung Wonsuk , Jung Yousung , Kim Soohyun , Noh Hongseok 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
While flow-induced voltage over a graphene layer has been reported, its origin remains unclear. In our previous study, we suggested different mechanisms for different experimental configurations: phonon dragging effect for the parallel alignment and an enhanced out-of-plane phonon mode for the perpendicular alignment (Appl. Phys. Lett. 102:063116, 2011). In order to further examine the origin of flow-induced voltage, we introduced a transverse flow component by integrating staggered herringbone grooves in the microchannel. We found that the flow-induced voltage decreased significantly in the presence of herringbone grooves in both parallel and perpendicular alignments. These results support our previous interpretation.
Fulvestrant up regulates UGT1A4 and MRP s through ERα and c-Myb pathways: a possible primary drug disposition mechanism
Authors: Edavana Vineetha K , Penney Rosalind B , Yao-Borengasser Aiwei , Williams Suzanne , Rogers Lora , Dhakal Ishwori B , Kadlubar Susan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Fulvestrant (Faslodex™) is a pure antiestrogen that is effective in treating estrogen receptor-(ER) positive breast cancer tumors that are resistant to selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen. Clinical trials investigating the utility of adding fulvestrant to other therapeutics have not been shown to affect cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism. Effects on phase II metabolism and drug resistance have not been explored. This study demonstrates that fulvestrant up regulates the expression of UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1A4 (UGT1A4) >2.5- and >3.5-fold in MCF7 and HepG2 cells, respectively. Up regulation occurred in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, and was inhibited by siRNA silencing of ERα. Fulvestrant also up regulates multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs). There was an up regulation of MRP 2 (1.5- and 3.5-fold), and MRP 3 (5.5- and 4.5-fold) in MCF7 and HepG2 cell lines, respectively, and an up regulation of MRP1 (4-fold) in MCF7 cells. UGT1A4 mRNA up regulation was significantly correlated with UGT1A4 protein expression, anastrozole glucuronidation, ERα mRNA expression and MRP mRNA expression, but not with ERα protein expression. Genetic variants in the UGT1A4 promoter (-163A, -217G and -219T) reduced the basal activity of UGT1A4 by 40-60%. In silico analysis indicated that transcription factor c-Myb binding capacity may be affected by these variations. Luciferase activity assays demonstrate that silencing c-Myb abolished UGT1A4 up regulation by fulvestrant in promoters with the common genotype (-163G, -217 T and -219C) in MCF7 cells. These data indicate that fulvestrant can influence the disposition of other UGT1A4 substrates. These findings suggest a clinically significant role for UGT1A4 and MRP s in drug efficacy.
Individual and combined effects of DNA methylation and copy number alterations on miRNA expression in breast tumors
Authors: Aure Miriam Ragle , Leivonen Suvi-Katri , Fleischer Thomas , Zhu Qian , Overgaard Jens , Alsner Jan , Tramm Trine , Louhimo Riku , Alnæs Grethe I Grenaker , Perälä Merja , Busato Florence , Touleimat Nizar , Tost Jörg , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Hautaniemi Sampsa , Troyanskaya Olga G , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Sahlberg Kristine Kleivi , Kristensen Vessela N 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Background
The global effect of copy number and epigenetic alterations on miRNA expression in cancer is poorly understood. In the present study, we integrate genome-wide DNA methylation, copy number and miRNA expression and identify genetic mechanisms underlying miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer.

Results
We identify 70 miRNAs whose expression was associated with alterations in copy number or methylation, or both. Among these, five miRNA families are represented. Interestingly, the members of these families are encoded on different chromosomes and are complementarily altered by gain or hypomethylation across the patients. In an independent breast cancer cohort of 123 patients, 41 of the 70 miRNAs were confirmed with respect to aberration pattern and association to expression. In vitro functional experiments were performed in breast cancer cell lines with miRNA mimics to evaluate the phenotype of the replicated miRNAs. let-7e-3p, which in tumors is found associated with hypermethylation, is shown to induce apoptosis and reduce cell viability, and low let-7e-3p expression is associated with poorer prognosis. The overexpression of three other miRNAs associated with copy number gain, miR-21-3p, miR-148b-3p and miR-151a-5p, increases proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. In addition, miR-151a-5p enhances the levels of phosphorylated AKT protein.

Conclusions
Our data provide novel evidence of the mechanisms behind miRNA dysregulation in breast cancer. The study contributes to the understanding of how methylation and copy number alterations influence miRNA expression, emphasizing miRNA functionality through redundant encoding, and suggests novel miRNAs important in breast cancer.