bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Experience Sampling and Graphical Displays on One's Investment Risk Appetite
Authors: Kaufmann Christine , Weber Martin , Haisley Emily 
Published: December 2012

Financial professionals have a great deal of discretion concerning how to relay information about the risk of financial products to their clients. This paper introduces a new risk tool to communicate the risk of investment products, and it examines how different risk-presentation modes influence risk-taking behavior and investors' recall ability of the risk-return profile of financial products. We analyze four different ways of communicating risk: (i) numerical descriptions, (ii) experience sampling, (iii) graphical displays, and (iv) a combination of these formats in the “risk tool.” Participants receive information about a risky and a risk-free fund and make an allocation between the two in an experimental investment portfolio. We find that risky allocations are elevated in both the risk tool and experience sampling conditions. Greater risky allocations in the risk tool condition are associated with decreased risk perception, increased confidence in the risky fund, and a lower estimation of the probability of a loss. In addition to these favorable perceptions of the risky fund, participants in the risk tool condition are more accurate on recall questions regarding the expected return and the probability of a loss. We find no evidence of greater dissatisfaction with returns in these conditions, and we observe a willingness to take on similar levels of risk in subsequent allocations. This paper was accepted by Teck Ho, behavioral economics.
REVIEWS
Authors: Sakade Noriko , Warwick Paul , Davies Ian 
Published: December 2012

EDUCATING FOR PEACE IN A TIME OF "PERMANENT WAR": ARE SCHOOLS PART OF THE SOLUTION OR THE PROBLEM?, PAUL R. CARR AND BRAD J. PORFILIO (EDS) (2012) New York: Routledge, 292 pp., IBSN: 978-0-415-89920-8, h/bk, £80.00
TEACHING CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE CLASSROOM, PAULA
COWAN AND HENRY MAITLES (EDS) (2012) London: Continuum, 239 pp., ISBN 978-1441124845, p/bk, £24.99
WHAT MONEY CAN'T BUY: THE MORAL LIMITS OF MARKETS, MICHAEL SANDEL (2012) London: Allen Lane, 235 pp., ISBN: 184614471X(978-1846144714), h/bk, £20.00
REVIEWS
Authors: Fears Arthurina , Garnet Dustin , Werner James P. , Kantawala Ami 
Published: December 2012

WHY OUR HIGH SCHOOLS NEED THE ARTS, JESSICA HOFFMANN DAVIS (2012) New York: Teachers College Press/Reston, VA: National Art Education Association, 118 pp., ISBN 978-0-8077-5286-9, $23.95
MATTER MATTERS: ART EDUCATION AND MATERIAL CULTURE STUDIES, PAUL E. BOLIN AND DOUG BLANDY
(EDS) (2011) National Art Education Association, 157 pp., 62 mono illustrations, ISBN: 978-1-890160-51-7, $42.00. Reston, VA. Paperback.
ART'S WAY OUT - EXIT PEDAGOGY AND THE CULTURAL CONDITION, JOHN BALDACCHINO (2012) Rotterdam; Boston, Sense Publishers, 204 pp., ISBN: 978-94-6091-792-6,
Hardback: $99.00, Paperback: $39.00
NATIONAL ART EDUCATION ASSOCIATION: ANNUAL CONVENTION, NEW YORK, 2012
Der Gelehrte bei Marsilius von Padua und Wilhelm von Ockham. Zur Abgrenzung von politischer und gelehrter Autorität in der Philosophie des 14. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Ubl Karl 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In ‘The Republic’, Plato famously reduced practical authority to theoretical authority, arguing that a just society must be governed by philosophers. This idea of the philosopher-king flourished in the medieval specula principum. The medieval papacy was grounded on a similar blend of practical and theoretical authority. The Pope was credited with the capacity to decide on the truth of beliefs because he was elected to office. In their fight against the omnicompetence of the Pope, Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham were aware that in order to contain the power of the papal office, they had to find a way of legitimately distinguishing between theoretical and practical authority. Consequently, both of them severed the traditional link between political theory and virtue ethics, considering the virtue and the wisdom of the ruler as accidental to the legitimacy of government. In contrast to this demotion of theoretical authority in the state, both Marsilius and William argued that experts should play a bigger role in the church. The definition of true belief and heresy should not, according to them, lie in the hands of an elected official (i. e. the Pope), but rather in the hands of theological experts. This article aims to show that the critique of the papal monarchy gave rise to a new understanding of the distinction between theoretical and practical authority.
Drei Proben aus dem Fragenkreis „Erfahrung“ im mittelalterlichen gelehrten Recht
Authors: Nörr Knut Wolfgang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This article is concerned with the role of experientia in medieval law. This could take a number of forms, three of which are treated by way of example. In the first part of the essay, the author discusses how experience first came to serve as a source for the creation and legitimisation of new law since Late Antiquity. Henceforth, it became an important principle within Canon Law that served not only to create legal regulations supplementary to traditional law but also to overwrite and replace it. The second part of the essay is concerned with the role of expert reports (consilia) by men learned in the ius commune which were requested to help rule cases under local law. Being dispersed in collections after their use in court, consilia made a significant impact on common and local law. In the final section the author discusses the use of expert witnesses (from areas as diverse as medicine, agriculture, the arts and crafts etc.). Expert opinions were recognised by court as high-value evidence.
Kleine Thermistoren zur Messung von Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten
Authors: Uffrecht Wieland , Günther Andre , Caspary Volker 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Die Bestimmung von Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten an rotierenden Maschinenbauteilen ist ein messtechnisches Problem, das für gasumströmte schnell drehende Teile mit guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit bisher ungenügend beherrscht wird. Über die erfolgreiche Erprobung einer Messanordnung, die mit kleinen Thermistoren eine Kompatibilität zu telemetrischer Messtechnik erreicht, berichtet dieser Beitrag.
Anwendung elektrochemischer Untersuchungsmethoden am Stahlbeton mittels spezieller Aufsatzzelle
Authors: Berthold Frank , Ahlborn Christina , Vonau Winfried 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Vorgestellt wird eine elektrochemische Messzelle als Bestandteil eines neuartigen Messsystems für Korrosionsuntersuchungen am Bewehrungsstahl von Stahlbetonbauwerken. Es wurde eine konstruktive Lösung für eine Aufsatzzelle gefunden, mit der der Anwender in der Lage ist, in Kombination den Zustand der Bewehrung, den Beton im Oberflächenbereich und zwischen Oberfläche und Bewehrung zu charakterisieren. Basis der mit der Messzelle durchgeführten Untersuchungen sind Potential-, Stahlpolarisations- und Betonimpedanzmessungen. Innovativ ist die realisierte flexible Lagerung aller Elektroden, um den Einfluss der Unebenheiten des zu untersuchenden Betonareals zu eliminieren.
Fixpunktthermometer für kleine Rohrquerschnitte
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Marin Sebastian 
Published: December 2012

Zusammenfassung
Fixpunktthermometer wurden für den Einsatz in konventionellen Kraftwerken entwickelt und erfolgreich erprobt. Bei dezentraler Energieerzeugung sind zumeist kleinere Rohrdurchmesser (40–100 mm) für den jeweiligen Wärmeträgertransport üblich. Die Verwendung von Fixpunkt-Thermometern (mit Miniaturfixpunkttiegeln von mind. 25 mm Länge) in solchen Rohrleitungen ist mit inakzeptabel großen Strömungsverlusten oder, bei zu geringer Eintauchtiefe, mit einer Verfälschung der Thermoelement-Temperatur verbunden.
The expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gestational diabetes
Authors: Kuzmicki Mariusz , Telejko Beata , Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek Natalia , Lipinska Danuta , Pliszka Justyna , Wilk Julisz , Zielinska Anna , Skibicka Justyna , Szamatowicz Jacek , Kretowski Adam , Gorska M 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveIn patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the changes in insulin resistance are associated with the changes in expression of genes involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As such studies have never been carried out in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), in this study, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation and related to glucose metabolism in PBMCs obtained from pregnant women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).Design and methodsRT-PCR was performed in 60 pregnant women divided into three groups: GDM at the 1st visit, i.e. in the 24th–28th weeks of gestation (GDM1), NGT at the first visit and GDM in the 29th–32nd weeks (GDM2), and NGT at both visits. The tests were repeated 3 months postpartum.ResultsThe GDM1 group had significantly higher TLR2 (P=0.024), TLR4 (P=0.037), STAT1 (P=0.027), and CX3CL1 (P=0.017) mRNA expression, whereas the GDM2 group showed markedly lower TNFRSF1A (P=0.042), PPARG (P=0.018), STAT3 (P=0.013), and CX3CL1 (P=0.038) mRNA expression in comparison with the NGT group. The women with NGT at the 1st visit who later developed GDM had significantly higher fasting glucose (P=0.01), HOMA-IR (P=0.004), and TLR2 mRNA expression (P=0.04), as well as lower ISSI2 (P=0.01) and disposition indices, DI30 (P=0.03) and DI120 (P=0.01), than had the women who remained normoglycemic.ConclusionsOur results suggest that elevated TLR2 expression, as well as higher fasting glucose and lower compensation for increased insulin resistance, may represent early metabolic disturbances in the development of GDM.
Gender differences in serum high-molecular-weight adiponectin levels in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Eglit Triin , Lember Margus , Ringmets Inge , Rajasalu Tarvo 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to estimate gender-specific associations between metabolic syndrome (MS) and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in an Estonian adult population.MethodsPlasma HMW adiponectin was measured in 458 subjects (191 men) who participated in a population-based cross-sectional multicenter study (n=495) on the prevalence of metabolic disorders in Estonia. MS was defined according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.ResultsMedian HMW adiponectin levels (μg/ml) were significantly lower among all subjects with MS compared with subjects without MS: 2.1 vs 2.8 in men (P=0.002) and 3.1 vs 5.1 in women (P<0.001). In a fully adjusted, logistic regression model containing HMW adiponectin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), BMI, and age, HMW adiponectin was significantly associated with MS only in women. Comparison of HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR as markers for MS indicated that HOMA-IR predicted MS better than did HMW adiponectin in both genders. However, after adjusting for age and BMI, HOMA-IR was a significantly better predictor only in men. HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR predicted the presence of MS at the same level in women. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for HMW adiponectin and HOMA-IR were 0.833 vs 0.88 in men (P=0.02) and 0.897 vs 0.907 in women (P=0.5).ConclusionsThese data suggest that the association between low HMW adiponectin levels and presence of MS might be stronger in women compared with men.
Lifetime Growth and Blood Pressure in Adolescence: Hong Kong’s “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort
Authors: Heys Michelle , Lin Shi Lin , Lam Tai Hing , Leung Gabriel M. , Schooling C. Mary 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES:
Blood pressure tracks from adolescence to adulthood and is positively associated with low birth weight and faster infant growth. Most observations are from Western populations; it is unclear whether these are biologically based or contextually specific. We examined the associations of growth with blood pressure in adolescence.

METHODS:
Multivariable partial least squares regression was used to assess the associations of growth to ∼11 years with blood pressure at ∼11 years in 5813 term births from Hong Kong’s Children of 1997 birth cohort. Growth was considered as gender- and age-specific z-scores for birth weight, BMI, and length at 3 months; change in z-scores for BMI and height at 3 to 9 months, 9 to 36 months, 3 to 7 years, and 7 to 11 years; and BMI and height at 11 years.

RESULTS:
Birth weight was weakly inversely associated with systolic blood pressure in girls –0.58 mm Hg 95% confidence interval –1.05 to –0.12 (boys –0.21, –0.71 to 0.30). Childhood growth, particularly linear growth at 7 to 11 years (girls: 1.27, 0.56 to 1.98; boys 2.11, 1.39 to 2.83), as well as current height (girls: 2.40, 2.04 to 2.76, boys: 2.65, 2.29 to 3.01) and BMI (girls: 2.72, 2.35 to 3.09, boys: 2.72, 2.09 to 3.36) were associated with higher systolic blood pressure. Diastolic blood pressure was also positively associated with current size.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the first study to examine simultaneously the role of pre- and postnatal growth in adolescent blood pressure, the role of late childhood growth predominated.
Subclinical Cerebral Edema in Children With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Randomized to 2 Different Rehydration Protocols
Authors: Glaser Nicole S. , Wootton-Gorges Sandra L. , Buonocore Michael H. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Marcin James P. , Caltagirone Ryan , Lee Yvonne , Murphy Christopher , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:Previous studies show that vasogenic cerebral edema (CE) occurs during diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) treatment in children, but the role of intravenous fluids in contributing to CE is unclear. We used magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging to quantify subclinical CE in children with DKA randomized to 2 intravenous fluid regimens.METHODS:Children with DKA were randomized to receive fluids at a more rapid rate (n = 8) or a slower rate (n = 10), with all other aspects of DKA treatment kept identical. Children underwent diffusion weighted imaging 3 to 6 hours and 9 to 12 hours after beginning DKA treatment and after recovery from DKA (≥72 hours after beginning treatment). We calculated brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values as the average of measurements in the basal ganglia, thalamus, frontal white matter, and hippocampus and determined the mean brain ADC value during DKA treatment by averaging data from the 3- to 6-hour and 9- to 12-hour measurements. The difference in mean brain ADC between DKA treatment and postrecovery was used as an index of the severity of CE during DKA treatment.RESULTS:Mean brain ADC values during DKA treatment were significantly higher than postrecovery values, consistent with vasogenic CE (842 ± 38 vs 800 ± 41×10–6 mm2/second, P = .002). We did not detect significant differences in ADC elevation in children treated with more rapid versus slower rehydration (β coefficient 0.11 for 1 SD change in ADC, 95% confidence interval: –0.91 to 1.13).CONCLUSIONS:ADC changes during DKA treatment (reflective of vasogenic CE) do not appear to be substantially affected by the rate of intravenous fluid administration.
A hanging manőver újabb indikációi a májsebészetben
Authors: Jakab Ferenc , Dede Kristóf , Láng István , Bursics Attila , Mersich Tamás 
Published: December 2012

AbsztraktA „hanging maneuver” (LHM – Liver Hanging Maneuver) emelőszalag átvezetését jelenti a vena cava inferior és a májparenchyma között a resectio megkönnyítésére. A szerzők áttekintik a „hanging maneuver” májsebészeti alkalmazását, különböző módosításait, anatómiai és szövettani alapjait. Megállapítják, hogy a módszer a májsebészet biztonságának fokozására és a radikalitás növelése érdekében alakult ki. Kezdetben a jobb májfél nagy kiterjedésű, rekesszel összekapaszkodott daganatainak eltávolításához használták, később számos új indikációja és módosítása született. A szerzők két újabb indikációt dolgoztak ki a „hanging maneuver” alkalmazására. A IVA szegmentumban elhelyezkedő colorectalis májmetastasis, illetve a HCC resecabilitásának műtéti megállapítására és vérmentes resectiójához használták. A VII. szegmentumban lévő vena cava inferiort infiltráló daganat esetében pedig a hanging maneuver a partialis cavaresectiót könnyítette meg. A szerzők 4 esetüket mutatják be röviden. Megállapítható, hogy az LHM részint a IVA, VII. szegmentum resectiójának kivitelezhetőségét, részint biztonságát fokozza. A képalkotó eljárások utalhatnak a vena cava inferiorhoz közel fekvő daganatra, de a fali infiltratiót kizárólag intraoperatíve lehet teljes biztonsággal megállapítani. A vascularis infiltratio igazolására vagy kizárására az intraoperatív ultrahang és a jelenlegi előadásban javasolt LHM alkalmazható.
AlGaN/GaN Structures Grown by HVPE: Growth and Characterization
Authors: Mastro M.A. , Tsvetkov D.V. , Pechnikov A.I. , Soukhoveev V.A. , Gainer G.H. , Usikov A. , Dmitriev V. , Luo B. , Ren F. , Baik K.H. , Pearton S.J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis letter reports on multi-layer submicron epitaxial device structures grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). This is the first demonstration of both high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices and ultraviolet light emitting diodes (LED) emitting in the wavelength range from 305 to 340 nm based on AlGaN/GaN and AlGaN/AlGaN heterostructures grown by HVPE. Two unique aspects of this technological approach are the growth of Al-containing epitaxial material by HVPE and use of HVPE to form submicron multi-layer epitaxial structures. The high performance of HVPE grown devices presented in this report demonstrates the significant potential that exists for HVPE growth technology for mass production of device epitaxial wafers.
Association between CDH1 and MSX1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate in a Southeast Iranian Population
Authors: Rafighdoost Hooshang , Hashemi Mohammad , Narouei Abdolreza , Eskanadri-Nasab Ebrahim , Dashti-Khadivaki Gholamali , Taheri Mohsen 
Published: December 2012

Objective Orofacial clefts such as cleft palate (CP) and cleft lip (CL) and/or cleft palate (CL/P) are the most common congenital anomalies of the head and neck. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the possible association between CDH1 (rs11642413 and rs16260) and MSX1 (rs12532 and rs3775261) gene polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate (NS-CL/P) in a sample of the Iranian population. Design and Setting This case-control study was performed on 100 subjects with NS-CL/P and 100 healthy unrelated control subjects. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction and multiplex polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Results There was a significant difference between NS-CL/P subjects and control subjects regarding CDH1 rs16260 C > A polymorphism, and the rs16260 AC as well as the rs16260 AA genotypes were associated with NS-CL/P susceptibility (odds ratio [OR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.51 −6.00, P=.001; and OR = 8.05, 95% CI = 1.72–37.75, P=.002, respectively). No significant difference was found between the groups regarding CDH1 rs11642413 polymorphism. Although MSX1 rs3775261 polymorphism was not a risk factor for the disease, the rs12532 AG and rs12532 GG genotypes were associated with NS-CL/P risk (OR = 2.82, 95% CI = 1.55–5.15, P=.001; and OR = 8.42, 95% CI = 2.26–31.29, P=.004, respectively). Conclusion Our data suggest that CDH1 and MSX1 gene polymorphisms are risk factors for susceptibility to NS-CL/P in a sample of the Iranian population. Larger studies are required to validate our findings.
Coronary Calcium Score Predicts Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes
Authors: Agarwal Subhashish , Cox Amanda J. , Herrington David M. , Jorgensen Neal W. , Xu Jianzhao , Freedman Barry I. , Carr J. Jeffrey , Bowden Donald W. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), it remains unclear whether coronary artery calcium (CAC) provides additional information about cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality beyond the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) factors.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 1,123 T2DM participants, ages 34–86 years, in the Diabetes Heart Study followed up for an average of 7.4 years were separated using baseline computed tomography scans of CAC (0–9, 10–99, 100–299, 300–999, and ≥1,000). Logistic regression was performed to examine the association between CAC and CVD mortality adjusting for FRS. Areas under the curve (AUC) with and without CAC were compared. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) compared FRS (model 1) versus FRS+CAC (model 2) using 7.4-year CVD mortality risk categories 0% to &lt;7%, 7% to &lt;20%, and ≥20%.

RESULTS
Overall, 8% of participants died of cardiovascular causes during follow-up. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratios (95% CI) for CVD mortality using CAC 0–9 as the reference group were, CAC 10–99: 2.93 (0.74–19.55); CAC 100–299: 3.17 (0.70–22.22); CAC 300–999: 4.41(1.15–29.00); and CAC ≥1,000: 11.23 (3.24–71.00). AUC (95% CI) without CAC was 0.70 (0.67–0.73), AUC with CAC was 0.75 (0.72–0.78), and NRI was 0.13 (0.07–0.19).

CONCLUSIONS
In T2DM, CAC predicts CVD mortality and meaningfully reclassifies participants, suggesting clinical utility as a risk stratification tool in a population already at increased CVD risk.
The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among the homeless in north-eastern Poland
Authors: Romaszko Jerzy , Buciński Adam , Kuchta Robert , Bednarski Krzysztof , Zakrzewska Magdalena 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease particularly affecting the poorest socioeconomic groups. One such group in Central Europe are the homeless. We developed a prevention programme that targets, among others, homeless individuals in Warmia and Mazury Province (in the northeast of Poland). We investigated 121 homeless persons. We performed surveys, X-rays and microbiological tests of the sputum for TB. Five cases of pulmonary TB were found. The prevalence of TB in this community was estimated at 4132 per 100,000 (4.13%). Efficient TB control justifies continued prevention programmes aimed at the systematic monitoring of the homeless population.
The Risk and Management of Anaphylaxis in the Setting of Immunotherapy
Authors: Lieberman Phil 
Published: December 2012

Background Anaphylactic events due to immunotherapy are probably not completely preventable. There is always an inherent risk surrounding the administration of an allergen to an individual who is sensitized to the substance administered. Methods There are, however, effective measures to reduce the risk of these events, and to optimize the assurance of a good outcome in the face of such an event. Results Of prime importance in preventing these episodes is the regular assessment of the patient's health status, especially in regard to asthma, and the careful attention to the prevention of dosing errors. Conclusion Of equal importance, in regard to assuring a good outcome should such an event occur, are the rapid recognition of symptoms and the immediate injection of epinephrine, the drug of choice for the treatment of any episode of anaphylaxis.