bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new taxonomic toolkit for identification of two sympatric species of Bandicota (Rodentia: Muridae) from mainland Southeast Asia
Authors: Chaval Yannick , Waengsothorn Surachit , Morand Serge , Cosson Jean François , Claude Julien 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBandicoot rats are a widespread species in Asia. Throughout their distribution, bandicoot rats are of high sanitary importance as reservoirs of at least 10 human diseases. In mainland Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam, where two species coexist, taxonomic distinction based on external characters is difficult and may lead to a certain proportion of misidentification. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of classical methods for distinguishing these bandicoot species, and provide new, simple, and cheap tools for discriminating species based on molecular characteristics, morphological ratio, and morphometric variation. Two PCR tests were developed: a first (PCR1) for distinguishing
Temporal Phenomena, Ontology and the R-theory
Authors: Nathan Oaklander L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne of the more serious criticisms of the B-theory is that by denying the passage of time or maintaining that passage is a mind-dependent illusion or appearance, the B-theory gives rise to a static, block universe and thereby removes what is most distinctively timelike about time. The aim of this paper is to discuss the R-theory of time, after Russell, who Richard Gale calls “the father of the B-theory,” and explain how the R-theory can respond to the criticisms just raised, and others. In the course of my discussion I shall clarify differences between versions of the A-, B- and R-theories of time, and argue that McTaggart’s conception of the B-series and more specifically, the B-relations that generate it, has been instrumental in misconstruing the A-/B-theory debate resulting in criticisms of the B-theory that can be seen to be fallacious when applied to the R-theory.
PROGRAMA TUTORIAL COMPLEMENTO PARA LA EDUCACIÓN INTEGRAL
Authors: Torres Sandoval Juan Carlos , Joven Sarria Wilson , Palacios Rozo Jairo Jamith 
Published: August 2015

<p>La institucionalización de los programas tutoriales al interior de los entes educativos es importante, pues con ello se busca un aporte significativo para la educación integral de sus educandos. Para diseñar uno adecuado, se debe realizar el levantamiento de las necesidades de los estudiantes; además, se ha de tener presente que ellos se transforman a lo largo de la carrera, en cuyo proceso van madurando. Por consiguiente, se requiere identificar las etapas precisas de tales cambios, a fin de que el modelo que se diseñe sea el más acorde. Por otra parte, Se hace indispensable también acudir a herramientas tecnológicas que permitan lograr un aspecto de transparencia en la aplicación del modelo para toda institución, procurando, de esta manera, extenderlo a todas las actividades en las que participa cada uno de los miembros de la comunidad educativa.</p>
Effects of contact pressure and sliding distance on the lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-25Al-3Cu alloy: A comparative study with SAE 65 bronze
Authors: Savaşkan Temel , Tan Hasan Onur , Maleki Reza Anvari 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Lubricated friction and wear properties of Zn-25Al-3Cu alloy were investigated in comparison with SAE 65 bronze over a range of contact pressure (1–8 MPa) and sliding distance (0–80 km) using a block-on-disc type test machine. The friction coefficients of the alloy and the bronze decreased, but their working temperature and wear volume increased with contact pressure. Their friction coefficient and the working temperature showed opposite changes with sliding distance before they reached steady-state levels. However, the wear volume of both the alloy and the bronze increased continuously with sliding distance. Although the hardness and compressive strength of the alloy were lower than those of the bronze, it exhibited higher wear resistance. This was related to their wear behaviour since smearing played a great role in the wear of the alloy while abrasion dominated the wear of the bronze.
Novel borothermal synthesis of VB2 powders
Authors: Wei Ya'nan , Huang Zhixing , Zhou Liming , Ran Songlin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Pure VB2 powders with a particle size less than 300 nm were synthesized by a novel borothermal reduction of NH4VO3 in Ar atmosphere at 900 – 1 000 °C with or without the presence of NaCl/KCl. Appropriate amounts of NaCl/KCl addition not only accelerated the reaction rate but also inhibited the grain growth of VB2 particles.
Effects of Sn and Ca on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd–Zr alloys
Authors: Chen Ti-Jun , Zhang Da-Hua , Wang Wei , Ma Ying , Hao Yuan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The effects of Sn and Ca on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Y alloys have been investigated. The results showed that Sn had an obvious effect on the microstructure, but its effect was smaller than that of Ca. The grain size first decreased as the Sn/Ca content increased and then slightly increased when the Sn/Ca content exceeded a critical value. These microstructural changes are related to the hindering effect on grain growth and constitutional supercooling resulting from the segregated Sn/Ca atoms at the advancing solid/liquid fronts. The hardness of the alloys continuously increased as the Sn/Ca content increased because of the improved solid solution strengthening and the increased concentration of Sn- or Ca-rich intermetallic compounds. The tensile properties of the alloys increased as the Sn/Ca content increased below the critical value and then decreased when the Sn/Ca content exceeded the critical value. The increased tensile properties were attributed to the improved grain bonding strength in addition to the grain refinement strengthening. The subsequent decrease in these properties was mainly ascribed to the impaired grain bonding strength and grain coarsening. Correspondingly, the fracture regime changed from intergranular to transgranular modes, and then back to the intergranular mode.
De inclusieve wetgever als groeiend ideaal
Authors: van Lochem P.J.P.M. 
Published: August 2015

De inclusieve wetgever als groeiend ideaal
De ontwikkeling van ons wetgevingsbeleid, in het bijzonder het Integrale afwegingskader en de internetconsultatie, bevordert in toenemende mate het ideaal van de inclusieve wetgever. Dit ideaal is leidend in de fase van de ambtelijke voorbereiding, niet in de politieke fase van wetgeving. De Kamer sluit wel aan bij de resultaten van de inclusieve voorbereiding, is soms zelfs bereid daarvoor plaats te maken. Dat is in strijd met het (formele) systeem van onze democratie, maar juist door de inclusieve benadering in de ambtelijke voorbereiding lijken we ons geen grote democratische zorgen te hoeven maken. Toenemende inclusiviteit van wetgeving, waarbij de normadressaten (onder ambtelijke regie) soms grote invloed op de uiteindelijke normering wordt gelaten, roept wel de vraag op of de begrippen modificatie en instrumentele wetgeving nog wel van toepassing zijn op de huidige wetgeving.
Preparation of a type of water evaporation inhibiting monolayer based on epoxy resin
Authors: Wu Yan , Yang Fangming , Zhang Xuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a type of water evaporation inhibiting monolayer was synthesized through the reaction of hydrogenated bisphenol A epoxy resin with hexadecanol and butanol. These are termed epoxy resin‐based monolayers (ER series). By means of π–t isotherms, γ–C isotherms, evaporation resistance and time, the spreading properties of ER series at gas/liquid interface and the capability of restraining water evaporation were studied systematically. The compactability and morphology of monolayer were characterized by Maxwell displacement current and atomic force microscopy. The results revealed that ER series could spread spontaneously at air/water interface to form a compact, condensed and stable monolayer. Comparing with hexadecanol, the monolayer presented a better performance of restraining water evaporation. Copyright © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological evaluation of two Keggin‐type polyoxometalates containing glycine as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors
Authors: Xing Rui , Wang Fang , Zheng Aping , Wang Li , Fei Dan , Yu Yaping 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTwo Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) containing glycine, (HGly)3PW12O40 and (HGly)4SiW12O40, were synthesized and evaluated as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors. The spectrophotometric method results showed that both (HGly)3PW12O40 and (HGly)4SiW12O40 could strongly inhibit the diphenolase activity of the tyrosinase and that their inhibition mechanisms were reversible. Their half‐inhibition concentration values were estimated to be 1.55 and 1.39 mmol/L, respectively. The inhibition kinetics analysis by Lineweaver–Burk plots indicated that (HGly)3PW12O40 was an uncompetitive inhibitor with KIS = 0.046 mmol/L, whereas (HGly)4SiW12O40 was a noncompetitive inhibitor with KI = KIS = 2.17 mmol/L. This study may help to extend the application of POMs in the fields of medicine and food preservation.
Intramolecular Cyclization of Carbonate and Thiocarbonate Derivatives of myo‐Inositol in the Solid State: Implications for Acyl Group Transfer Reactions in Molecular Crystals
Authors: Tamboli Majid I. , Shashidhar Mysore S. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Krishnaswamy Shobhana 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRacemic 4‐O‐phenoxycarbonyl and 4‐O‐phenoxythiocarbonyl derivatives of myo‐inositol orthoformate undergo thermal intramolecular cyclization in the solid state to yield the corresponding 4,6‐bridged carbonates and thiocarbonates, respectively. The thermal cyclization also occurs in the solution and molten states, but less efficiently, suggesting that these cyclization reactions are aided by molecular pre‐organization, although not strictly topochemically controlled. Crystal structures of two carbonates and a thiocarbonate clearly revealed that the relative orientation of the electrophile and the nucleophile in the crystal lattice facilitates the intramolecular cyclization reaction and forbids the intermolecular reaction. The correlation observed between the chemical reactivity and the non‐covalent interactions in the crystal of the reactants provides a way to estimate the chemical stability of analogous molecules in the solid state.
Religion, spirituality, and health outcomes in cancer: A case for a meta‐analytic investigation
Authors: Salsman John M. , Fitchett George , Merluzzi Thomas V. , Sherman Allen C. , Park Crystal L. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA growing body of research shows that a majority of patients with cancer report having religious and spiritual (R/S) beliefs, engaging in R/S behaviors, or deriving comfort from R/S experiences. These studies have been reviewed but not subjected to rigorous critical analysis. A meta‐analytic approach is needed to provide a more definitive understanding of the relationships between R/S (affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions) and physical, mental, and social health in all phases of cancer including diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and palliative care. A meta‐analysis can quantify the degree of association between R/S dimensions and patient‐reported health outcomes and the conditions under which these associations are strengthened or attenuated. Results can, in turn, help focus future work in this area by highlighting key variables for inclusion in studies of R/S and cancer and identifying particular subgroups for whom dimensions of R/S are particularly important to their health. Cancer 2015;121:3754–3759. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
A Bayesian approach for characterization of soft tissue viscoelasticity in acoustic radiation force imaging
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Pelegri Assimina A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBiomechanical imaging techniques based on acoustic radiation force (ARF) have been developed to characterize the viscoelasticity of soft tissue by measuring the motion excited by ARF non‐invasively. The unknown stress distribution in the region of excitation limits an accurate inverse characterization of soft tissue viscoelasticity, and single degree‐of‐freedom simplified models have been applied to solve the inverse problem approximately. In this study, the ARF‐induced creep imaging is employed to estimate the time constant of a Voigt viscoelastic tissue model, and an inverse finite element (FE) characterization procedure based on a Bayesian formulation is presented. The Bayesian approach aims to estimate a reasonable quantification of the probability distributions of soft tissue mechanical properties in the presence of measurement noise and model parameter uncertainty. Gaussian process metamodeling is applied to provide a fast statistical approximation based on a small number of computationally expensive FE model runs. Numerical simulation results demonstrate that the Bayesian approach provides an efficient and practical estimation of the probability distributions of time constant in the ARF‐induced creep imaging. In a comparison study with the single degree of freedom models, the Bayesian approach with FE models improves the estimation results even in the presence of large uncertainty levels of the model parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Dependence of Amyloid‐β Dynamics on Protein Force Fields and Water Models
Authors: Somavarapu Arun Kumar , Kepp Kasper P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe studied the dynamics of Aβ40, involved in Alzheimer's disease, by using 21 methods combined from Amber03, Amber99sb‐ILDN, Charmm27, Charmm22*, OPLS‐2001, OPLS‐2006, OPLS‐2008, Gromos96‐43a1, Gromos96‐53a6, Gromos96‐54a7, and the water models SPC, TIP3P, TIP4P. Major differences in the structural ensembles were systematized: Amber03, Charmm27, and Gromos96‐54a7 stabilize the helices; Gromos96‐43a1 and Gromos53a6 favor the β‐strands (with Charmm22* and Amber99sb‐ILDN in between), and OPLS produces unstructured ensembles. The accuracy of the NMR chemical shifts was in the order: Charmm22*>Amber99sb‐ILDN>OPLS‐2008≈Gromos96‐43a1>Gromos96‐54a7≈OPLS‐2001>OPLS‐2006>Gromos96‐53a6>Charmm27>Amber03. The computed 3JHNHα‐coupling constants were sensitive to experiment type and Karplus parameterization. Overall, the ensembles of Charmm22* and Amber99sb‐ILDN provided the best agreement with experimental NMR and circular dichroism data, providing a model for the real Aβ monomer ensemble. Also, the polar water model TIP3P significantly favored helix and compact conformations.
Influence of oriented nanofibrous PCL scaffolds on quantitative gene expression during neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Abbasi Naghmeh , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Salehi Mohammad , Jahani Hoda , Mowla Seyed Javad , Soleimani Masoud , Hosseinkhani Hossein 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNeural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in combination with three‐dimensional electrospun nanofibers as an artificial extracellular matrix can be utilized to reconstruct a spinal cord defect. In this study, random and parallel‐aligned nanofibrous poly ɛ‐caprolactone was fabricated using electrospinning. Its hydrophobicity was modified by O2 plasma treatment to facilitate enhanced cell attachment. Embryoid bodies (EBs), which contain all three embryonic germ layers, were cultured on poly ɛ‐caprolactone scaffolds to study the effect of fiber orientation on cell morphology and differentiation. Cell morphology and neuron‐specific gene and protein expressions were, respectively, evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and immunocytochemistry. Although two types of nanofibrous scaffolds showed neural marker expression at the protein level, cells on randomly oriented scaffolds showed short‐range topographical guidance and stretched across multiple directions, whereas cells on the parallel scaffolds exhibited long extension with enhanced neuron outgrowth along the fiber, producing oriented extracellular matrix, leading to direct cell migration and nerve regeneration. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction showed that both aligned and random electrospun nanofibers downregulated the precursor neural marker Nestin compared with that in the control group, a gelatin‐coated tissue culture plate (T). Analysis also showed higher expression of dorso‐ventral neural markers (Isl1/2 and Lim1/2) than motor neuron progenitor markers (Pax6, Nkx6.1, and olig2) in aligned nanofibers than in the T group. Moreover, aligned nanofibers showed higher expression of mature neural specific markers such as β‐tub and Map2 than those in the randomly oriented scaffolds. Therefore, we conclude that nanofibers with different orientations can support the neural lineage, but aligned nanofibrous scaffolds are superior candidates to promote the advancement of neural precursors to achieve maturity during the differentiation process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 155–164, 2016.
Biomimetic microstructural reorganization during suture retention strength evaluation of electrospun vascular scaffolds
Authors: Chaparro Francisco J. , Matusicky Michelle E. , Allen Matthew J. , Lannutti John J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSuture retention strength (SRS) is commonly used as a measure the ability of sutures to adhere implants to surrounding tissue. While SRS is widely employed, surprisingly its effects on graft microstructure have not been characterized. This is particularly germane to the broad utilization of electrospun implants in tissue engineering. These implants need to retain their initial nanoscale topography while simultaneously preserving clinically critical mechanical properties. We examined the suture‐driven microstructural deformation of polycaprolactone electrospun to form both square and tubular SRS samples. The impact of fiber orientation (generally parallel or random orientation, orthogonally aligned) on the SRS of these vascular tissue equivalents was analyzed and compared to native and decellularized porcine vasculature. The initial state of the fiber clearly dictates the overall efficiency of scaffold utilization. SRS values for as‐spun fibers at a thickness of 300 μm were found to be in the range of 1.59–4.78 N for the three orientations. Unexpectedly, random fibers provided the optimal SRS values based on both resistance to suture motion and the percentage of scaffold involvement. A “V‐shaped” failure morphology is observed for both electrospun scaffolds and native tissue during SRS testing. Post‐test fiber alignment in the tensile direction was visible in all initial fiber orientations similar to that of native tissue. These findings are significant as they allow us to employ new, counterintuitive biomimetic design criteria for nanofiber‐based scaffolds in which reliable mechanical integration with the surrounding tissues via suture‐based methods is important. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1525–1534, 2016.
Saemaul Undong Revisited: A Case of State–Society Dynamics in Social Capital Mobilisation, Focusing on the Role of Local Leaders in South Korea of the 1970s
Authors: Yang Yunjeong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study aims at a re‐interpretation of the Saemaul Undong of the 1970s in South Korea. The study departs from the usual understanding of the ‘Korean miracle’ led by a strong state leadership, but emphasises the role of society, here represented by Saemaul Leaders as middle agents of change, and their roles of ‘bonding’ and ‘linking’ social capital, within and beyond communities. From this, communities are no longer simply recipients of, or followers to, the central leadership, but they turn out to be active participants and, in fact, leaders of rural community development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the accuracy of viscous and turbulent loss quantification in stenotic aortic flow using phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Binter Christian , Gülan Utku , Holzner Markus , Kozerke Sebastian 
Published: August 2015

PurposeTo investigate the limits of phase contrast MRI (PC‐MRI)–based measurements of viscous losses and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) pertaining to spatial resolution, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and non‐Gaussian intravoxel velocity distributions.Theory and MethodsHigh‐resolution particle tracking velocimetry data obtained in a realistic aortic phantom with stenotic flow were used to simulate PC‐MRI measurements at different resolutions and noise levels. Laminar viscous losses were computed using the spatial gradients of the mean velocity vector field, and TKE levels were derived based on the intravoxel phase dispersion of flow‐sensitized PC‐MRI measurements.ResultsIncreasing the voxel size from 0.625 to 2.5 mm resulted in an underestimation of viscous losses of up to 83%, whereas total TKE values showed errors of <15% and reduced sensitivity to voxel size. Relative errors in viscous loss quantification were found to be less dependent on noise levels when compared with TKE values. In general, a SNR of 20–30 is required for both methods.ConclusionAt spatial resolutions feasible in clinical three‐dimensional PC‐MRI measurements, viscous losses of stenotic flows are significantly underestimated, whereas TKE shows smaller errors and reduced sensitivity to spatial resolution. Magn Reson Med 76:191–196, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of high‐sugar and high‐fiber meals on physical activity behaviors in Latino and African American adolescents
Authors: O'Reilly Gillian A. , Belcher Britni R. , Davis Jaimie N. , Martinez Lauren T. , Huh Jimi , Antunez‐Castillo Luz , Weigensberg Marc , Goran Michael I. , Spruijt‐Metz Donna 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveThis crossover experimental study examined the acute effects of high‐sugar/low‐fiber (HSLF) vs. low‐sugar/high‐fiber (LSHF) meals on sedentary behavior (SB) and light‐plus activity (L+) in minority adolescents with overweight and obesity.Methods87 Latino and African American adolescents (mean age = 16.3 ± 1.2 years, mean BMI z‐score = 2.02 ± 0.52, 56.8% Latino, 51.1% male) underwent two experimental meal conditions during which they consumed HSLF or LSHF meals. Physical activity and SB were measured using accelerometers, and blood glucose and insulin were collected every 30 minutes over 5 hours. Mixed models were used to examine the temporal trends of SB and L+, whether the temporal trends of SB and L+ differed by meal condition, and the influence of blood glucose and insulin on the activity behaviors.ResultsSB and L+ fluctuated over time during the HSLF condition but were stable during the LSHF condition. SB and L+ were influenced by the blood glucose response to the HSLF meals. Insulin did not influence SB or L+ in either meal condition.ConclusionsSugar and fiber content of meals can have differing acute impacts on activity behaviors in minority adolescents with overweight and obesity, possibly due to differing metabolic responses.