bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two weeks of pretreatment with escitalopram facilitates extinction learning in healthy individuals
Authors: Bui Eric , Orr Scott P. , Jacoby Ryan J. , Keshaviah Aparna , LeBlanc Nicole J. , Milad Mohammed R. , Pollack Mark H. , Simon Naomi M. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine whether pretreatment with escitalopram would be associated with reduced fear acquisition and enhanced extinction learning in a fear conditioning paradigm, compared with placebo.MethodsHealthy volunteers were randomized in double‐blind fashion, to 14 days of escitalopram 10 mg/day (n = 18) or placebo (n = 20) prior to a classical fear conditioning paradigm.ResultsAlthough escitalopram was associated with a smaller skin conductance (SC) orienting response during habituation, no medication effects on fear acquisition were found. Escitalopram was associated with faster extinction of SC responses, compared with placebo, as revealed by a significant drug × conditioned stimulus × trial interaction for early extinction (F(3, 30) = 3.26, p = 0.035) and late extinction (F(3, 30) = 3.27, p = 0.035) trials. After adjustment for age, orienting response, and acquisition, results from linear contrast remained significant for early extinction (F(1, 29) = 5.43, p = 0.027).ConclusionsEscitalopram administered for 14 days prior to a fear conditioning paradigm did not influence acquisition of a conditioned fear response but did facilitate extinction learning. Impairments in extinction learning have been identified as a key component of posttraumatic stress disorder; our preliminary findings suggest that additional experimental and clinical studies assessing the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for posttraumatic stress disorder prevention are warranted. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid scaffolds of gelatin–siloxane releasing stromal derived factor‐1 effective for cell recruitment
Authors: Dashnyam Khandmaa , Perez Roman , Lee Eun‐Jung , Yun Ye‐Rang , Jang Jun‐Hyeog , Wall Ivan B. , Kim Hae‐Won 
Published: June 2013

AbstractScaffolds with the capacity to deliver signaling molecules are attractive for bone regeneration. Here, we developed bioactive siloxane–gelatin hybrid scaffolds via a sol gel process containing stromal derived factor‐1 (SDF‐1) to recruit osteoprogenitor/stem cells. The process was undertaken under room temperature aqueous conditions, which enabled therapeutic molecules to be effectively incorporated. After the sol‐gel reaction and lyophilization process, well‐crosslinked hybrid scaffolds were obtained with porosities of 80–90%. Dynamic mechanical analysis of the hybrid scaffolds showed significant improvement in storage modulus values (from 10 to 110 kPa) with increasing siloxane content. The protein release capacity of the scaffolds was investigated using a model protein cytochrome C (cyto C). The cyto C safely loaded onto the scaffolds exhibited, except the initial burst of 30% within a day, highly sustainable release, with approximately 70–80% of the loading amount for up to 4 weeks. Target molecule SDF‐1 was loaded and released from the scaffolds, and the effects on the homing of mesenchymal stem cell were studied. Results demonstrated significant enhancement in the migration of cells to the SDF‐1 loaded scaffolds. Taken together, the developed hybrid scaffolds are considered to be useful in loading and delivering signaling molecules such as SDF‐1 to recruit osteoprogenitor /mesenchymal stem cells in the bone regeneration process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1859–1867, 2014.
Acceleration of periosteal bone formation by human basic fibroblast growth factor containing a collagen‐binding domain from Clostridium histolyticum collagenase
Authors: Uchida Kentaro , Matsushita Osamu , Naruse Kouji , Mima Takehiko , Nishi Nozomu , Hattori Shunji , Ogura Takayuki , Inoue Gen , Tanaka Keisuke , Takaso Masashi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor 2 (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for mesenchymal cells, and the local application of recombinant bFGF accelerates bone union and defect repair. However, repeated dosing is required for sustained therapeutic effect as the efficacy of bFGF decreases rapidly following its diffusion from bone defect sites. Here, we attempted to develop a collagen‐based bone formation system using a fusion protein (collagen binding‐bFGF, CB‐bFGF) consisting of bFGF and the collagen‐binding domain (CBD) of Clostridium histolyticum collagenase. The addition of the CBD to bFGF did not modify its native biological activity, as shown by the capacity of the fusion protein to promote the in vitro proliferation of periosteal mesenchymal cells. The affinity of the fusion protein towards collagen and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) was also confirmed by collagen‐binding assays. Moreover, in vivo periosteal bone formation assays showed that the combination of CB‐bFGF with a collagen sheet induced periosteal bone formation at protein concentrations lower than those required for bFGF alone. In addition, grafts of DBM loaded with CB‐bFGF accelerated new bone formation in rat femurs compared to the same concentration of bFGF administered alone. Taken together, these properties suggest that the CB‐bFGF/collagen composite is a promising material for bone repair in the clinical setting. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1737–1743, 2014.
Cytocompatibility of nitrogen plasma ion immersed medical cobalt–chromium alloys
Authors: Schröck Kathleen , Schneider Heike , Lutz Johanna , Hacker Michael C. , Mändl Stephan , Kamprad Manja , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWear particles and ion release from medical CoCr contribute to the risk for aseptic loosening. Nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) has been shown to reduce wear of CoCr but is associated with increased Co ion release. This work investigated the cytocompatibility of CoCr modified by nitrogen PIII at different temperatures (mCoCr). The osteosarcoma cell line Saos‐2, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were grown directly on CoCr/mCoCr discs or treated with CoCl2. Proliferation and metabolic activity of Saos‐2 and MSC were decreased on mCoCr in correlation with increasing implantation temperature. The elevated Co ion release seemed to play a decisive role since analog effects were observed by treatment of cells with CoCl2. Proliferation of phytohemagglutinin‐stimulated MNC was reduced in the presence of CoCr discs or CoCl2. For MNC‐alloy cultures we observed an increase in interleukin 2 (IL‐2) and a decrease in interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and IL‐10 secretion compared to cultures without alloys. The results of this study demonstrate that PIII process temperature and corresponding Co ion release correlate with material cytocompatibility. Therefore, the two competing parameters, reduction of wear and increase in Co ions, have to be taken into consideration for the evaluation of the clinical applicability of nitrogen‐implanted CoCr. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1744–1754, 2014.
Effects of a Targeted Multimodal Exercise Program Incorporating High-Speed Power Training on Falls and Fracture Risk Factors in Older Adults: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gianoudis Jenny , Bailey Christine A , Ebeling Peter R , Nowson Caryl A , Sanders Kerrie M , Hill Keith , Daly Robin M 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Multimodal exercise programs incorporating traditional progressive resistance training (PRT), weight-bearing impact training and/or balance training are recommended to reduce risk factors for falls and fracture. However, muscle power, or the ability to produce force rapidly, has emerged as a more crucial variable to functional decline than muscle strength or mass. The aim of this 12-month community-based randomized controlled trial, termed Osteo-cise: Strong Bones for Life, was to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of a multimodal exercise program incorporating high-velocity (HV)-PRT, combined with an osteoporosis education and behavioral change program, on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, muscle strength and functional muscle performance in older adults. Falls incidence was evaluated as a secondary outcome. A total of 162 older adults (mean ± SD; 67 ± 6 years) with risk factors for falls and/or low BMD were randomized to the Osteo-cise program (n = 81) or a control group (n = 81). Exercise consisted of fitness center-based HV-PRT, weight-bearing impact and challenging balance/mobility activities performed three times weekly. After 12 months, the Osteo-cise program led to modest but significant net gains in femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD (1.0% to 1.1%, p &lt; 0.05), muscle strength (10% to 13%, p &lt; 0.05), functional muscle power (Timed Stair Climb, 5%, p &lt; 0.05) and dynamic balance (Four Square Step Test 6%, p &lt; 0.01; Sit-to-Stand, 16%, p &lt; 0.001) relative to controls. There was no effect on total body lean mass or mobility (timed-up-and-go), and no difference in falls rate (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–2.04). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the Osteo-cise: Strong Bones for Life community-based, multimodal exercise program represents an effective approach to improve multiple musculoskeletal and functional performance measures in older adults with risk factors for falls and/or low BMD. Although this did not translate into a reduction in the rate of falls, further large-scale trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of this multimodal approach on reducing falls and fracture. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Risk Factors for Fracture in Middle-Age and Older-Age Men of African Descent
Authors: Sheu Yahtyng , Cauley Jane A , Patrick Alan L , Wheeler Victor W , Bunker Clareann H , Zmuda Joseph M 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Although fracture rates are lower in individuals of African descent compared to individuals of European ancestry, morbidity and mortality following a fracture may be greater in individuals of African ancestry. However, fracture risk and associated clinical risk factors have not been well-defined among African ancestry populations, especially among men of African ancestry. We used data collected from the Tobago Bone Health Study to examine potential clinical risk factors for incident fractures, including demographic information, anthropometric measurements, medical history, lifestyle factors, bone mineral density (BMD), and hip structural geometry. Among 1933 Afro-Caribbean men aged ≥40 years at study entry (mean age: 57.2 ± 11.0 years), 65 reported at least one new fracture during 10 years of subsequent follow-up. Younger age, mixed Afro-Caribbean ancestry, prior fracture history, BMD, and hip structural geometry were statistically significant risk factors for incident fractures. A 1-SD change in several skeletal parameters (hip BMD, cross-sectional area, outer diameter, cortical thickness, and buckling ratio) were each associated with a 35% to 56% increase in incident fracture risk after adjusting for age. Men with a prior fracture history were three times more likely to experience a new fracture during follow-up, and the association remained strong after adjusting for age, mixed Afro-Caribbean ancestry, and skeletal parameters (hazard ratios ranged from 2.72 to 2.82). Our findings suggest that except for age, risk factors for fracture in men of African ancestry are similar to established risk factors in white populations. Prior fracture history is a powerful and independent risk factor for incident fractures among men of African ancestry and could easily be incorporated into clinical risk evaluation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Dosing Simulations of Nitrogen‐Scavenging Compounds: Disposition of Glycerol Phenylbutyrate and Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Adult and Pediatric Patients with Urea Cycle Disorders
Authors: Monteleone Jon P. R. , Mokhtarani M. , Diaz G. A. , Rhead W. , Lichter‐Konecki U. , Berry S. A. , LeMons C. , Dickinson K. , Coakley D. , Lee B. , Scharschmidt B. F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSodium phenylbutyrate and glycerol phenylbutyrate mediate waste nitrogen excretion in the form of urinary phenylacetylglutamine (PAGN) in patients with urea cycle disorders (UCDs); rare genetic disorders characterized by impaired urea synthesis and hyperammonemia. Sodium phenylbutyrate is approved for UCD treatment; the development of glycerol phenylbutyrate afforded the opportunity to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of both compounds. A population PK model was developed using data from four Phase II/III trials that collectively enrolled patients ages 2 months to 72 years. Dose simulations were performed with particular attention to phenylacetic acid (PAA), which has been associated with adverse events in non‐UCD populations. The final model described metabolite levels in plasma and urine for both drugs and was characterized by (a) partial presystemic metabolism of phenylbutyric acid (PBA) to PAA and/or PAGN, (b) slower PBA absorption and greater presystemic conversion with glycerol phenylbutyrate, (c) similar systemic disposition with saturable conversion of PAA to PAGN for both drugs, and (d) body surface area (BSA) as a significant covariate accounting for age‐related PK differences. Dose simulations demonstrated similar PAA exposure following mole‐equivalent PBA dosing of both drugs and greater PAA exposure in younger patients based on BSA.
The role of oxygen as a regulator of stem cell fate during fracture repair in TSP2‐null mice
Authors: Burke Darren , Dishowitz Michael , Sweetwyne Mariya , Miedel Emily , Hankenson Kurt D. , Kelly Daniel J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIt is often difficult to decouple the relative importance of different factors in regulating MSC differentiation. Genetically modified mice provide model systems whereby some variables can be manipulated while others are kept constant. Fracture repair in thrombospondin‐2 (TSP2)‐null mice is characterized by reduced endochondral ossification and enhanced intramembranous bone formation. The proposed mechanism for this shift in MSC fate is that increased vascular density and hence oxygen availability in TSP2‐null mice regulates differentiation. However, TSP2 is multifunctional and regulates other aspects of the regenerative cascade, such as MSC proliferation. The objective of this study is to use a previously developed computational model of tissue differentiation, in which substrate stiffness and oxygen tension regulate stem cell differentiation, to simulate potential mechanisms which may drive alterations in MSC fate in TSP2‐null mice. Four models (increased cell proliferation, increased numbers of MSCs in the marrow decreased cellular oxygen consumption, and an initially stiffer callus) were not predictive of experimental observations in TSP2‐null mice. In contrast, increasing the rate of angiogenic progression led to a prediction of greater intramembranous ossification, diminished endochondral ossification, and a reduced region of hypoxia in the fracture callus similar to that quantified experimentally by the immunohistochemical detection of pimonidazole adducts that develop with hypoxia. This study therefore provides further support for the hypothesis that oxygen availability during early fracture healing is a key regulator of MSC bipotential differentiation, and furthermore, it highlights the advantages of integrating computational models with genetically modified mouse studies for further elucidating mechanisms regulating stem cell fate. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1585–1596, 2013.
The Use of Goats Grazing to Restore Pastures Invaded by Shrubs and Avoid Desertification: A Preliminary Case Study in the Spanish Cantabrian Mountains
Authors: Álvarez‐Martínez Javier , Gómez‐Villar Amelia , Lasanta Teodoro 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpanish mountains have been affected by the expansion of shrubs and forests since the mid‐20th century. This secondary succession in vegetation has some positive effects, but also drawbacks, such as an increase in fire risk, loss of diversity in land use, a reduction in landscape and cultural value, less water available in river channels and reservoirs, constraints on livestock farming, a reduced number of local species and loss of biodiversity. This paper analyses the potential for grazing domestic goats to help control the spread of several species of shrubs such as the common broom (Cytisus scoparius), red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and roses (Rosasp.) that are commonly found in degraded pastures in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. Using experimental plots, the effects of two levels of stocking density (4·5 and 9 goats ha−1y−1) are compared with other land management systems used in the region: burning, mechanical clearing and trimming. The combined use of goats with support from burning, clearing and trimming controls the spread of shrubs. The most efficient treatment was found with nine goats ha−1y−1. Goat grazing also changes the distribution of shrubs, transforming a dense and continuous coverage into separate clumps and thereby enabling livestock to graze more easily. Maintaining a mixed structure of shrubs and pastures is the best treatment due to the low population density of the Cantabrian Mountains, as this enhances the biodiversity, controls fire risk and enriches the landscape; it also allows extensive livestock grazing as a main economic resource. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic approaches to evaluate protein s‐nitrosylation in disease
Authors: López‐Sánchez Laura M. , López‐Pedrera Chary , Rodríguez‐Ariza Antonio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMany of nitric oxide (NO) actions are mediated through the coupling of a nitroso moiety to a reactive cysteine leading to the formation of a S‐nitrosothiol (SNO), a process known as S‐nitrosylation or S‐nitrosation. In many cases this reversible post‐translational modification is accompanied by altered protein function and aberrant S‐nitrosylation of proteins, caused by altered production of NO and/or impaired SNO homeostasis, has been repeatedly reported in a variety of pathophysiological settings. A growing number of studies are directed to the identification and characterization of those proteins that undergo S‐nitrosylation and the analysis of S‐nitrosoproteomes under pathological conditions is beginning to be reported. The study of these S‐nitrosoproteomes has been fueled by advances in proteomic technologies that are providing researchers with improved tools for exploring this post‐translational modification. Here we review novel refinements and improvements to these methods, and some recent studies of the S‐nitrosoproteome in disease. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 33: 7–20, 2014.
Effectiveness, efficiency, duration, and costs of recruiting for an African American women's lifestyle physical activity program
Authors: Wilbur JoEllen , Buchholz Susan W. , Ingram Diana M. , Braun Lynne T. , Johnson Tricia J. , Fogg Louis , Miller Arlene M. , Volgman Annabelle S. , McDevitt Judith 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn a 48‐week lifestyle physical activity controlled trial in African American women, we analyzed recruitment effectiveness, efficiency, duration, and costs. Social networking was the most effective approach for inviting women to the trial. Of the 609 who responded to invitations, 514 completed telephone screening; of these, 409 (80%) were found eligible. The health assessment screening was completed by 337 women; of these, 297 (88%) were found eligible. The mean number of days from completion of the telephone and health assessment screenings to beginning the intervention was 23.01, and the mean cost was $74.57 per person. Results suggest that provision of health assessment screening by study staff as part of recruitment is effective for minimizing attrition and also might be cost‐effective. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 36: 487–499, 2013.
Novel dominant β‐thalassemia: Hb Boston‐Kuwait [Codon 139/140(+T)]
Authors: Croteau Stacy E. , Luo Hong‐Yuan , Lehmann Leslie E. , Chui David H.K. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDominant β‐thalassemias exhibit a hybrid phenotype of unstable hemoglobin and ineffective erythropoiesis. Most arise from heterozygous β‐globin gene mutations in exons 3 or 2 and present in adulthood as thalassemia intermedia. We report a novel, de novo β‐globin mutation presenting in a toddler with features of thalassemia major and chromaturia. Hemoglobin Boston–Kuwait is an elongated β‐chain variant (163 amino acids) that results from a frameshift mutation caused by a thymidine insertion in codons 139/140. Hematopoietic stem cell transplant provided a successful alternative therapy for this severe form of dominant β‐thalassemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E131–E134. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structures of ASK1‐inhibtor complexes provide a platform for structure‐based drug design
Authors: Singh Onkar , Shillings Anthony , Craggs Peter , Wall Ian , Rowland Paul , Skarzynski Tadeusz , Hobbs Clare I. , Hardwick Phil , Tanner Rob , Blunt Michelle , Witty David R. , Smith Kathrine J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractASK1, a member of the MAPK Kinase Kinase family of proteins has been shown to play a key role in cancer, neurodegeneration and cardiovascular diseases and is emerging as a possible drug target. Here we describe a ‘replacement‐soaking’ method that has enabled the high‐throughput X‐ray structure determination of ASK1/ligand complexes. Comparison of the X‐ray structures of five ASK1/ligand complexes from 3 different chemotypes illustrates that the ASK1 ATP binding site is able to accommodate a range of chemical diversity and different binding modes. The replacement‐soaking system is also able to tolerate some protein flexibility. This crystal system provides a robust platform for ASK1/ligand structure determination and future structure based drug design.
Actors and strategies in translating global conservation narratives to Vietnam: An agency perspective
Authors: Mukhtarov Farhad , Brock Andrea , Janssen Sanne , Guignier Armelle 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith the increasing influence of New Public Management, such narratives as payments for ecosystem services and ecological networks are gaining global popularity in natural resource management. Promoted by transnational actors, these narratives have been introduced in Vietnam and have inspired a number of projects. The ensuing politics of multi-level governance triggered conflict and cooperation in adversarial policy process and deserve greater attention from environmental policy scholars. In this paper we advance a framework to analyze such processes from an agency perspective and contend that policy actors engage in three types of strategies in their policy work: (1) scale-based strategies of seeking support across governance scales; (2) meaning-based strategies of linking narratives to other concepts and discourses; and (3) context- based strategies of engaging with the policy context at multiple sites of governance. We illustrate these strategies with examples from the Ba Be and Na Hang protected areas in Vietnam.