bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Carnitine-Orotate Complex in Type 2 Diabetes (CORONA): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bae Ji Cheol , Lee Won Young , Yoon Kun Ho , Park Joong Yeol , Son Hyun Sik , Han Kyung Ah , Lee Kwan Woo , Woo Jeong Taek , Ju Young Cheol , Lee Won Jae , Cho Yoon Young , Lee Moon-Kyu 
Published: April 2015

OBJECTIVE
We aimed to evaluate the effects of carnitine-orotate complex in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Eight hospitals in Korea participated in this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial of patients with diabetes and NAFLD. Seventy-eight patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carnitine-orotate complex (824 mg, three times daily) or matching placebo. The primary study outcome was decline in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to the normal range. Secondary study outcomes were change in ALT, radiological hepatic steatosis, parameters for anthropometry, liver function, lipid profiles, and glycemic control. Hepatic steatosis was assessed using Hounsfield units on noncontrast computed tomography (CT) imaging with hepatic attenuation.

RESULTS
After 12 weeks of treatment, compared with placebo group, carnitine-orotate complex–treated participants had a significantly higher rate of normalization of serum ALT level (17.9% vs. 89.7%, P &lt; 0.001). On hepatic CT analysis, participants treated with carnitine-orotate complex showed an increased liver attenuation index (0.74 ± 8.05 vs. 6.21 ± 8.96, P &lt; 0.008). A significant decrease in HbA1c was observed in the carnitine-orotate complex group (−0.33 ± 0.82% [−3.6 ± 9.0 mmol/mol], P = 0.007), but no significant change was seen in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with carnitine-orotate complex improves serum ALT and may improve hepatic steatosis as assessed by CT in patients with diabetes and NAFLD. Further studies using more advanced magnetic resonance imaging and liver histology as an end point are needed to assess its efficacy in NAFLD.
Frequencies of the Common Mefv Gene Mutations in Adiyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: Korkmaz D. T. , Atak P. G. , Çelik Ç. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by fever and serosal inflammation. The reasons for the disorder are mutations in the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene; the most common of which are M694V, M680I, M694I and V726A. In this study, we aimed to screen these common mutations of the MEFV gene and then determine the prevalence of FMF according to these mutations in Adıyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey. Seven hundred and sixty-seven healthy individuals from the region of Adıyaman participated in the study. Polymerase chain reaction-amplification refractory mutation system (PCR-ARMS) methods were used to determine the common mutations of the MEFV gene. Twenty-six (3.9%) individuals had only one mutation in the MEFV gene, 25 individuals were heterozygous and one person was homozygous for the V726A mutation (0.15%). In the present study, the V726A mutation (50.0%) was the most frequent, followed by M694V (38.5%), M680I (7.7%) and M694I (3.8%). It was seen that the carrier rate was very low and the prevalence of FMF was 0.15%, according to the common mutations of the MEFV gene in Adıyaman, Southeast Anatolia, Turkey.
The Reliability Firing Tests of the Special Ammunition for 98 Mm Mortar M-98 / Badania Niezawodnościowe Amunicji Specjalnej Do 98 Mm Moździerza M-98
Authors: Magier Mariusz , Ruliński Piotr 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we present the constructions and reliability firing tests of the special ammunition for M-98 mortar. The research and development works was being carried out as part of the projects No. 347 / BO/B and 348 / BO/B. Qualification firing tests was carried out in 2009 on the training ground in Nowa Dęba. Cartridges with the smoke projectile are intended for filling the area with smoke, indicating targets, protection of the maneuvers of own troops. Cartridges with the illuminating projectile are intended for lighting the area and indicating targets. Reliability firing tests was carried in November 2014 on the training ground in Nowa Dęba
Microsurgical anatomy of the inferior limiting insular sulcus and the temporal stem
Authors: Ribas Eduardo Carvalhal , Yagmurlu Kaan , Wen Hung Tzu , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to describe the location of each white matter pathway in the area between the inferior limiting insular sulcus (ILS) and temporal horn that may be crossed in approaches through the temporal stem to the medial temporal lobe.

METHODS
The fiber tracts in 14 adult cadaveric cerebral hemispheres were examined using the Klingler technique. The fiber dissections were completed in a stepwise manner, identifying each white matter pathway in different planes and describing its position in relation to the anterior end of the ILS.

RESULTS
The short-association fibers from the extreme capsule, which continue toward the operculae, are the most superficial subcortical layer deep to the ILS. The external capsule fibers are found deeper at an intermediate layer and are formed by the uncinate fasciculus, inferior frontooccipital fasciculus, and claustrocortical fibers in a sequential anteroposterior disposition. The anterior commissure forms the next deeper layer, and the optic radiations in the sublenticular part of the internal capsule represent the deepest layer. The uncinate fasciculus is found deep to the anterior third of the ILS, whereas the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus and optic radiations are found superficial and deep, respectively, at the posterior two-thirds of this length.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors' findings suggest that in the transsylvian approach, a 6-mm incision beginning just posterior to the limen insula through the ILS will cross the uncinate fasciculus but not the inferior frontooccipital fasciculus or optic radiations, but that longer incisions carry a risk to language and visual functions.
Vascular consequences of operculoinsular corticectomy for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Finet Patrice , Nguyen Dang Khoa , Bouthillier Alain 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Surgery in the insular region is considered challenging because of its vascular relationships, the proximity of functional structures, and its deep location in the sylvian fissure. The authors report the incidence and consequences of ischemic lesions after operculoinsular corticectomy for refractory epilepsy.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the data of all patients who underwent an insular resection with or without an opercular resection for refractory epilepsy at their center. All patients underwent postoperative MRI, enabling a radiological analysis of the ischemic lesions as a result of the corticectomies. The resections were classified according to the location and extent of the insular corticectomy and the type of operculectomy. Each patient underwent clinical follow-up.

RESULTS
Twenty patients underwent surgery. All patients underwent insular corticectomy with or without an operculectomy. Ischemic lesions were identified in 12 patients (60%). In these patients, 11 ischemic lesions (55%) were related to the insular corticectomy, and 1 was related to the associated periinsular resection. The ischemic lesions associated with the insulectomies were typically located in the corona radiata running from the insula to the periventricular region. Nine patients (45%) developed a postoperative neurological deficit, among whom 6 (67%) had an insular corticectomy–related ischemic lesion. All reported neurological deficits were transient. Five patients (25%) had ischemic lesions without neurological deficit.

CONCLUSIONS
Operculoinsular corticectomies are associated with ischemic lesions in approximately 60% of patients. However, given that no patient had a definitive postoperative deficit, these ischemic lesions have few clinical consequences. Therefore, this surgical procedure can be considered reasonably safe for the treatment of refractory epilepsy.
Apoplexy of pituitary adenomas: the perfect storm
Authors: Oldfield Edward H. , Merrill Marsha J. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Pituitary adenomas occasionally undergo infarction, apoplexy, which often destroys much of the tumor. It is well known that apoplexy can be precipitated by several acute factors, including cardiac surgery, other types of surgery, trauma, insulin infusion, and stimulation with administration of hypothalamic releasing factors.

METHODS
The prior focus on mechanisms underlying pituitary apoplexy has been on these acute events. Less attention has been given to the endogenous features of pituitary tumors that make them susceptible to spontaneous infarction, despite that most pituitary apoplexy occurs in the absence of a recognized precipitating event. The authors examine intrinsic features of pituitary adenomas that render them vulnerable to apoplexy—features such as high metabolic demand, paucity of angiogenesis, and sparse vascularity, qualities that have previously not been linked with apoplexy—and argue that it is these features of adenomas that underlie their susceptibility to spontaneous infarction. The sensitivity of freshly cultured pituitary adenomas to hypoglycemia is assessed.

RESULTS
Adenomas have high metabolic demand, limited angiogenesis, and reduced vessel density compared with the normal gland. Pituitary adenoma cells do not survive in the presence of reduced or absent concentrations of glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors propose that the frequent ischemic infarction of pituitary adenomas is the product of intrinsic features of these tumors. These endogenous qualities create a tenuous balance between high metabolic demand and marginal tissue perfusion. Thus, the tumor is vulnerable to spontaneous infarction or to acute ischemia by any event that acutely alters the balance between tumor perfusion and tumor metabolism, events such as acute systemic hypotension, abruptly decreased supply of nutrients, hypoglycemia with insulin administration, or increase in the tumor's metabolic demand due to administration of hypothalamic releasing factors. It may be possible to take advantage of these intrinsic features of pituitary adenomas by using aspects of this vulnerability for development of new approaches for treatment.
Osteoporosis in acute fractures of the cervical spine: the role of opportunistic CT screening
Authors: Emohare Osa , Dittmer Alison , Morgan Robert A. , Switzer Julie A. , Polly David W. 
Published: April 2015

OBJECT
Recently published data make it possible to generate estimates of bone mineral density (BMD) by using CT attenuation; this innovation can save time and reduce costs. Although advanced age is associated with reduced BMD, especially in patients with a fracture of C-2, relatively few patients ever undergo formal dual x-ray absorptiometry studies. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the utility of this technique in elucidating BMD in patients with an acute fracture of the cervical spine.

METHODS
Patients who presented to a Level I trauma center with an acute fracture of the cervical spine and underwent abdominal (or L-1) CT scanning either at admission or in the 6 months before or after the injury were evaluated. Using a picture-archiving and communication system, the authors generated regions of interest of similar size in the body of L-1 (excluding the cortex) and computed mean values for CT attenuation. The values derived were compared with threshold values, which differentiate between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic states; age-stratified groups were also compared.

RESULTS
Of the 91 patients whose data were reviewed, 51 were < 65 years old (mean 43.2 years) and 40 were ≥ 65 years old (mean 80.9 years). The overall mean CT attenuation values (in Hounsfield units [HU]), stratified according to age, were 193.85 HU for the younger cohort and 117.39 HU for the older cohort; the result of a comparison between these two values was significant (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Using opportunistic CT scanning, this study demonstrates the relative frequency of osteoporosis in acute fractures of the cervical spine. It also objectively correlates overall BMD with the known higher frequency of C-2 fractures in older patients. This technique harnesses the presence of opportunistic CT scans of the abdomen, which potentially reduces the need for the extra time and cost that may be associated with dual x-ray absorptiometry scanning.
L’ amoris officium à l’égard des prêtres et évêques d’âge avancé
Authors: Bamberg Anne 
Published: April 2015

Partant de documents récents sur le ministère épiscopal, l’étude traite des responsabilités de l’évêque diocésain à l’égard des prêtres et évêques âgés. Les questions de subsistance et de protection sociale étant situées dans le contexte à la fois de l’Église particulière et universelle, il apparaît que les problèmes liés au grand âge exigent solidarité et créativité pour arriver à promouvoir la « bien-traitance » des clercs avancés en âge. Une lecture généreuse des canons et textes normatifs s’impose tout particulièrement à l’exercice de la charité pastorale pour l’évêque émérite.
The Role and Effects of Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper in the Context of Inflammation Resolution
Authors: Vago Juliana P. , Tavares Luciana P. , Garcia Cristiana C. , Lima Kátia M. , Perucci Luiza O. , Vieira Érica L. , Nogueira Camila R. C. , Soriani Frederico M. , Martins Joilson O. , Silva Patrícia M. R. , Gomes Karina B. , Pinho Vanessa , Bruscoli Stefano , Riccardi Carlo , Beaulieu Elaine , Morand Eric F. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Sousa Lirlândia P. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC)-induced leucine zipper (GILZ) has been shown to mediate or mimic several actions of GC. This study assessed the role of GILZ in self-resolving and GC-induced resolution of neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS in mice. GILZ expression was increased during the resolution phase of LPS-induced pleurisy, especially in macrophages with resolving phenotypes. Pretreating LPS-injected mice with trans-activator of transcription peptide (TAT)–GILZ, a cell-permeable GILZ fusion protein, shortened resolution intervals and improved resolution indices. Therapeutic administration of TAT-GILZ induced inflammation resolution, decreased cytokine levels, and promoted caspase-dependent neutrophil apoptosis. TAT-GILZ also modulated the activation of the survival-controlling proteins ERK1/2, NF-κB and Mcl-1. GILZ deficiency was associated with an early increase of annexin A1 (AnxA1) and did not modify the course of neutrophil influx induced by LPS. Dexamethasone treatment resolved inflammation and induced GILZ expression that was dependent on AnxA1. Dexamethasone-induced resolution was not altered in GILZ−/− mice due to compensatory expression and action of AnxA1. Our results show that therapeutic administration of GILZ efficiently induces a proapoptotic program that promotes resolution of neutrophilic inflammation induced by LPS. Alternatively, a lack of endogenous GILZ during the resolution of inflammation is compensated by AnxA1 overexpression.
Intestinal Epithelial TLR-4 Activation Is Required for the Development of Acute Lung Injury after Trauma/Hemorrhagic Shock via the Release of HMGB1 from the Gut
Authors: Sodhi Chhinder P. , Jia Hongpeng , Yamaguchi Yukihiro , Lu Peng , Good Misty , Egan Charlotte , Ozolek John , Zhu Xiaorong , Billiar Timothy R. , Hackam David J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The mechanisms that lead to the development of remote lung injury after trauma remain unknown, although a central role for the gut in the induction of lung injury has been postulated. We hypothesized that the development of remote lung injury after trauma/hemorrhagic shock requires activation of TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, and we sought to determine the mechanisms involved. We show that trauma/hemorrhagic shock caused lung injury in wild-type mice, but not in mice that lack TLR4 in the intestinal epithelium, confirming the importance of intestinal TLR4 activation in the process. Activation of intestinal TLR4 after trauma led to increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, enterocyte apoptosis, and the release of circulating HMGB1, whereas inhibition of ER stress attenuated apoptosis, reduced circulating HMGB1, and decreased lung injury severity. Neutralization of circulating HMGB1 led to reduced severity of lung injury after trauma, and mice that lack HMGB1 in the intestinal epithelium were protected from the development of lung injury, confirming the importance of the intestine as the source of HMGB1, whose release of HMGB1 induced a rapid protein kinase C ζ–mediated internalization of surface tight junctions in the pulmonary epithelium. Strikingly, the use of a novel small-molecule TLR4 inhibitor reduced intestinal ER stress, decreased circulating HMGB1, and preserved lung architecture after trauma. Thus, intestinal epithelial TLR4 activation leads to HMGB1 release from the gut and the development of lung injury, whereas strategies that block upstream TLR4 signaling may offer pulmonary protective strategies after trauma.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Confers BRG1 Dependency on the CIITA Locus
Authors: Abou El Hassan Mohamed , Yu Tao , Song Lan , Bremner Rod 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
CIITA (or MHC2TA) coordinates constitutive and IFN-γ–induced expression of MHC class II genes. IFN-γ responsiveness of CIITA requires BRG1 (SMARCA4), the ATPase engine of the chromatin remodeling SWI/SNF complex (also called BAF). SWI/SNF is defective in many human cancers, providing a mechanism to explain IFN-γ resistance. BRG1 dependency is mediated through remote elements. Short CIITA reporters lacking these elements respond to IFN-γ, even in BRG1-deficient cells, suggesting that BRG1 counters a remote repressive influence. The nature of this distal repressor is unknown, but it would represent a valuable therapeutic target to reactivate IFN-γ responsiveness in cancer. In this article, we show that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) components EZH2 and SUZ12, as well as the associated histone mark H3K27me3, are codetected at interenhancer regions across the CIITA locus. IFN-γ caused a BRG1-dependent reduction in H3K27me3, associated with nucleosome displacement. SUZ12 knockdown restored IFN-γ responsiveness in BRG1-null cells, and it mimicked the ability of BRG1 to induce active histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me) at the −50-kb enhancer. Thus, PRC2 confers BRG1 dependency on the CIITA locus. Our data suggest that, in addition to its known roles in promoting stemness and proliferation, PRC2 may inhibit immune surveillance, and it could be targeted to reactivate CIITA expression in SWI/SNF deficient cancers.
Comparative study of Mirs’(Mushtaq and Shabir) technique of prepuce preserving minimally invasive urethroplasty with Snodgrass urethroplasty for repair of distal hypospadias without chordee…A prospective study
Authors: Mir Mushtaq , Mir Shabir Ahmad , Shahdhar Muddassir , Wani Mumtazdin , Moheen Hakim Adil , Bhat Jahangeer Ahmad 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: There is no single, universally applicable technique for hypospadias repair and numerous techniques have been practised from time to time. We compare the results of our new technique (Mirs’ technique also called Mush & Shab’s technique) to Snodgross urethroplasty. Mirs’ technique is a modified version of Thiersch-Duplay urethroplasty. Material and Methods: This prospective comparative study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital of Northern India over a period of 3 years from March 2010 to March 2013 and included 120 patients of anterior (distal penile, subcoronal, coronal and glanular) hypospadias without chordee. They underwent either Mirs’ technique (group 1 n = 60) or Snodgrass technique (group 2 n = 60). Follow-up was at 1-week, 1-month, 3 months and 6 months. Results: The mean operative time was 55 min (range: 43-70 min) in group 1 and 71.9 min (range: 60-81 min) in group 2 (P & 0.001). Urethrocutaneous fistula developed in two and four patients in group 1 and 2, respectively. Fistula closure was done at least 3 months postoperatively, and there was no significant difference in success rate between the two groups. Three cases of glanular dehiscence were detected (one in group 1 and two in group 2); the patient from group 1 had a successful repair using the already preserved prepuce. Conclusion: Mirs’ modification of Thiersch-Duplay technique for distal hypospadias is a time saving procedure with a lower overall complication rate. Valuable local tissue is preserved to deal with any complication that may occur. Analgesic requirement was significantly lower in this minimally traumatic technique. As it is less time consuming, simple and easy to learn with a short learning curve, this technique deserves application in cases of distal hypospadias.
Innovative technique: Distal venous cannulation for salvaging free flap venous thrombosis by heparinised saline irrigation
Authors: Kalra G. D. S. , Mohanty Devidutta , Jain Ritesh 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Successful free tissue transfer depends on a multitude of factors, and adequate drainage of venous blood is one of the most critical part of successful free tissue transfers. Material and Methods: We report 6 cases of microvascular free flaps used for covering various defects, which developed venous congestion, that were salvaged with heparinised saline irrigation through the distal end of the congested vein by the help of an intravenous cannula. The irrigation was continued for 5 days. Results: All the flaps were successfully salvaged. Conclusion: This method has potential applications in situations for successful salvage of free tissue transfer particularly due to venous thrombosis.
Activist Pensioners, a Contradiction in Terms? Argentina’s Jubilados
Authors: DuBois Lindsay 
Published: April 2015

Why does it seem unlikely that retirees should be political activists? What does that reaction say about our understandings of retirement and of activism? This article examines the experience of a group of older activists who, among other things, rally weekly in front of the National Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina, and have done so for more than two decades. Regardless of advanced age and infirmity, these men and women, some in their eighties and nineties, refuse to be defined as passive by their roles as retirees and grandparents. After examining some of the tensions embodied in the idea of activist pensioners, this article proceeds to look at the pensioners’ own understandings of where their activism comes from and what sustains it. Situating the pensioners’ struggle in broader historical processes in Argentina illuminates their motives and strategies. The article thus also demonstrates that a historical approach provides a productive strategy for analysing elder social movements.
Slachtoffers van onrecht: de psychologie van secundaire victimisatie (en positieve reacties voor slachtoffers)
Authors: Bal Michèlle 
Published: April 2015

Victims of injustice: The psychology of secondary victimization (and positive reactions toward victims)
Victims play an increasingly more prominent role in the criminal justice process. While the consequences of victim participation in the judicial process have been criticized by researchers and practitioners alike, the possible negative consequences of secondary victimization has been largely neglected in this debate. From a social psychological perspective, I discuss research on just-world theory that can explain these negative reactions and give some insight into the processes that play a role in both negative and positive reactions toward victims. Implications for the law practitioners and scholars will be discussed.