bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase Ib/II Trial of Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Lenalidomide as First-Line Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Apolo Andrea B. , Tsao Che-Kai , Lee Karen M. , Godbold James H. , Soto Rothschild , Poole Austin , Gimpel-Tetra Kiev , Lowe Nancy , Oh William K. , Galsky Matthew D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background.
Outcomes with current chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (MUC) remain poor. Lenalidomide, an antiangiogenic and immunomodulatory agent, enhances the effects of chemotherapy in preclinical studies. In this phase Ib/II study, we sought to determine a tolerable dose of lenalidomide in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GCL) in patients with MUC and to explore the safety and activity of this regimen.

Methods.
Patients with chemotherapy-naïve MUC received gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 and cisplatin 70 mg/m2 on day 1 every 21 days. In phase Ib, there were four planned escalating dose levels of lenalidomide (10, 15, 20, and 25 mg) daily on days 1–14.

Results.
Seven patients received GCL in phase Ib. The dose of lenalidomide was not escalated beyond 10 mg because of cytopenias requiring repeated dose delays and reductions. Two additional patients were enrolled in phase II, but the study was ultimately terminated due to poor tolerability and slow accrual. The most frequent grade ≥3 adverse events were cytopenias and diarrhea. Three of the nine patients experienced an objective response (one complete response, two partial responses).

Conclusion.
Chronic administration of the GCL regimen was poorly tolerated because of additive and cumulative myelosuppression.
Perspectives on the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) 2004–2005
Authors: Bailey Andrew D. 
Published: July 2014

SYNOPSIS
This commentary reflects my experiences with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) during the academic year 2000/2001 (Academic Fellow) and the two calendar years 2004–2005 (Deputy Chief Accountant [Professional Practice]). These comments reflect only my thoughts without citations in support of or contrary to those thoughts and resulting opinions. The topics covered in this commentary include: (1) early staff relations between the PCAOB and SEC in their respective roles of audit standard setter and oversight agency; (2) the PCAOB decision to act as the sole audit standard setter for registered public companies displacing the AICPA in this role; (3) the PCAOB's approach to “revising” the interim audit standards through Rule 3101, Certain Terms Used in Auditing and Related Professional Practice Standards; (4) Audit Standard 3 (AS3), Audit Documentation; and (5) Audit Standard 2 (AS2), An Audit of Internal Control over Financial Reporting Performed in Conjunction With an Audit of Financial Statements. I will also comment on several observations made by others concerning the competence of PCAOB staff and the PCAOB Board members to set audit standards and perform meaningful inspections. I conclude with a brief note on the international aspects of PCAOB actions during this period.
Prevalence, risk factors and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among admitted diabetic patients at a tertiary level hospital in Kathmandu
Authors: Thapa Raba , Joshi Deepak Man , Rizyal Aparna , Maharjan Nhukesh , Joshi Rajesh Dhoj 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the commonest causes of visual impairment and blindness in Nepal. Objectives: The study aims to explore the prevalence, risk factors and awareness of DR among admitted diabetic patients. Materials and methods: A non-interventional case series study was conducted among the inpatient diabetic cases referred for ophthalmic consultation. The patients’ detailed demographics, awareness on DR, concurrent systemic problems, and glycemic control status were recorded. DR was graded using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Criteria. Main outcome measures: The prevalence, risk factors and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among the study participants was analyzed. Results: A total of 277 diabetic patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 62.25 ± 13.26 years. Only one-third (34.6 %) of the cases were admitted for sugar control and newly diagnosed cases comprised of 19.49 %. Nearly half of the cases (46.6 %) were not aware of diabetic retinopathy and dilated fundus evaluation was done for the first time in 44.4 %. DR was found in 38.26 % of the cases and was diagnosed in 13 % of the new cases. Almost four-fifths (78 %) of the diabetics had had the disease for a duration of 16 to 20 years. Clinically significant macular edema was found in 5.78 % and proliferative DR in 2.52 %. DR was significantly associated with the duration of diabetes (P value = 0.001) and concurrent hypertension (P value = 0.004). Conclusion: The prevalence of DR was 38 % among the admitted diabetic cases and the DR was significantly associated with the duration of diabetes and systemic hypertension. Almost half of the cases had been unaware of DR before referral. This emphasizes the importance of the collaboration of the physician and the ophthalmologist for an early DR detection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10760 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 24-30
Sub-conjunctival dislocation of posterior chamber intra-ocular lens: five years after manual, small-incision cataract surgery
Authors: Joshi Rajesh Subhash 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Ocular trauma can cause serious complications in eyes operated for cataract. Case: A 70-year- old lady had sustained blunt trauma to the left lower lid which resulted in a sub-conjunctival dislocation of the posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL). The patient had undergone an uneventful manual, small-incision, sutureless cataract surgery with implantation of a PCIOL for senile cataract five years ago in the same eye. She had no ocular or systemic predisposing factors for wound dehiscence. Surgical exploration revealed a scleral rupture 7 mm in length, 2 mm behind the limbus at the 12’O clock position along the surgically-constructed wound. However, the scleral tunnel was not damaged. The PCIOL was removed. Wound closure was done to avoid infection of the intraocular structures. Her best-corrected visual acuity was 20/60 at the three months’ follow-up. Conclusion: Surgeons should be aware of such complications occurring due to trauma. We recommend suturing of the scleral wound to strengthen it in cases of a deep scleral groove or when there is a possibility of a premature entry of the wound into the anterior chamber. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10777 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 91-94
Intra-ocular lens opacification in the anterior chamber leading to loss of vision in an adolescent
Authors: Chaudhry Mrindu , Mundey Keerti , Baisakhiya Shikha , Sethi Sumita 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To report a rare case of intraocular lens (ACIOL) opacification in the anterior chamber in an adolescent and to discuss the possible mechanism of its occurrence and the ways of its prevention. Case: A 16-year-old male underwent cataract surgery for developmental cataract with placement of a foldable posterior chamber IOL in the anterior chamber. There was subsequent opacification of the IOL, which was replaced by a scleral fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens. The post-operative visual acuity improved to 6/18. Conclusion: The posterior chamber IOL implanted in the anterior chamber can get opacified possibly due to postoperative intraocular inflammation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10780 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 102-104
An overlap of Coats and Eales diseases or a Coats variant?
Authors: Kucukevcilioglu Murat , Sobaci Gungor , Durukan Ali Hakan , Erdurman Fazil Cuneyt , Ceylan Osman Melih 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To report an association between Coats and Eales diseases, an uncommon presentation. Case: A 21-year-old male presented with gradual visual impairment of two years duration in his left eye. The slit-lamp examination of the affected eye revealed +2 vitreous cells. The other findings were peri-papillary fluid accumulation and extensive macular lipid exudate deposition. Small white vessels were coursing over the macula. The major veins were dilated and tortuous and massive sheathing of both arteries and veins was forming a common sheath. In the mid-periphery and periphery of the retina, discrete hard exudates, tiny superficial retinal hemorrhages and massive vascular sheathing were present. In the inferotemporal region, two intra-retinal macrocysts were located distal to the retinal vasculature. Fluorescein angiography (FA) of the left eye highlighted numerous aneurysmal dilatations throughout the posterior pole. Fluorescein angiography also showed para-foveal telangiectasia and tiny telangiectatic vessels on the optic disk that led to late staining of the macula and optic disk. Hyperfluorescent patches of deep choroiditis were present in the early phases. There was segmental but no diffuse staining of the retinal veins which showed massive sheathing on fundoscopy. In the periphery, segmental venous staining and choroidal leakage to a lesser extent were observed. In the infero-temporal quadrant, a clear-cut zone of non-perfusion and vascular abnormalities (micro-macro aneurysms, veno-venous shunts, venous beading) at the junction between the perfused and non-perfused zones were present. The findings were reminiscent of both Coats and Eales diseases. Conclusion: Though known as two distinct entities, both retinal pathologies may present in a single form. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10782 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 109-112
Ocular malignant melanoma – a report of two cases
Authors: Reddy SC , Darnal HK 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Melanoma is a rare malignant tumour in the eye. Objective: To report two cases of malignant melanoma in the eye, one in the conjunctiva and the other in the choroid. Cases: The first case was in a 49-year-old lady who presented with a swelling on the inner side of left upper eyelid. The vision was 6/6. On everting the eyelid, multiple, pigmented, nodular swellings were noted on the tarsal conjunctiva. Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. A pigmented nodular swelling occurred on the lower bulbar conjunctiva in the same eye one-and-a-half years after the first presentation. There were no secondary nodules in the body. Excision biopsy confirmed malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. The second case was in a 72-year-old lady who presented with pain and bleeding in the right eye. There was no perception of light. The cornea was hazy and the details behind it could not be seen. There was micro perforation of the cornea with oozing of blood and secondary glaucoma. B-scan ultrasonography of the right eye revealed an intraocular tumour. The histopathology of the enucleated eyeball confirmed the diagnosis of malignant melanoma of the choroid. Conclusion: In the case of conjunctival melanoma, the occurrence of tumour at multiple sites and absence of recurrence at the original site suggests the possibility of de novo origin of the tumour. Secondary glaucoma and bleeding may be the presenting features of melanoma in the choroid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v6i1.10783 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2014; 6 (2): 113-118
« Humour » et « Wit »: Faire l’histoire de deux mots dans l’Angleterre moderne (XVIIe–XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Lavie François 
Published: July 2014

RÉSUMÉ Comment accéder aux différents sens d’un mot à l’époque moderne? Les dictionnaires demeurent la principale source en sémantique historique, mais leur intérêt décroît à mesure que l’on remonte dans le temps. La précision des définitions est fortement dépendante des progrès de la discipline et du sérieux des lexicographes. De plus, les dictionnaires permettent de dater l’enregistrement ou le dépôt d’une acception nouvelle, mais en aucun cas son apparition. Si l’on veut retracer l’évolution des mots « humour » et « wit » aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, il faut compléter les sources lexicographiques par d’autres sources, celles où s’opère le processus de création de sens. Le mot « humour » a connu deux changements sémantiques fondamentaux: le premier à la fin du XVIe siècle, et le second entre la fin du XVIIe et le milieu du XVIIIe siècle. À l’issue de ce processus, le mot a acquis sa signification moderne sous la plume de Corbyn Morris (1710–79). Mon intention est triple: dater l’enregistrement des sens successifs des mots « humour » et « wit » grâce aux dictionnaires, localiser la source de ces évolutions sémantiques, et, enfin, étudier les rapports entre « humour » et « wit ».
Amphiphilic Choline Carboxylates as Demulsifiers of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsions
Authors: Aburto Jorge , Márquez Daniel M. , Navarro Juan C. , Martínez-Palou Rafael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWater/oil emulsions are formed in oil wells due to the presence of natural surfactants. As water/oil phase separation is necessary before oil refining, demulsifiers are used to break water/oil emulsions. In this work, environmentally friendly ionic surface-active choline carboxylates were synthesized from anionic exchange involving choline chloride under microwave dielectric heating. Microwave irradiation was also employed as a fast method for following the kinetics of the demulsification process with the synthesized demulsifiers. Choline palmitate showed the best performance as demulsifier.
Synthesis and Antitumor and Surface Activity of Novel Tetrachloro Metallate Complexes of Sulfaquinoxaline with Co(II), Cu(II), or Sn(II) Chlorides
Authors: Saleh Nashwa , Khowdiary Manal , Badawi Abdel Fattah 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNew sulfonamide tetrachloro metallate complexes that might possess strong carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties were synthesized by the reaction of 4-amino-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl) benzene sulfonamide (sulfaquinoxaline) hydrochloride with different metal chlorides, i.e. CoCl2, CuCl2 or SnCl2. The produced metal complexes of the sulfonamide derivative, containing divalent cations, were characterized by standard procedures. These metal complexes might possess topical antiglaucoma properties which might make them more effective as pharmacological agents. The synthesized complexes exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against colon HCT-116 human cell line. Surface properties of these surfactants were investigated. The surface properties studies included critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess (Γmax), minimum surface area (Amin). Free energy of micellization (ΔG°mic) and adsorption (ΔG°ads) were calculated.
Die Bergrede as ’n moontlike reaksie teen Paulus
Authors: Meiring C F. , Viljoen Francois P. 
Published: July 2014

’n Verskeidenheid navorsing is al oor die teologiese verband tussen Matteus en Paulus gedoen. Hierdie navorsing het uiteenlopende gevolgtrekkings opgelewer wat in drie groepe verdeel kan word. Sommige navorsers is van oordeel dat die Matteus-evangelie ’n anti-Pauliniese ondertoon bevat wat veral in die Bergrede waargeneem kan word. Hierdie polemiek word betrek by uitsprake oor die siening of interpretasie van die Tora. ’n Vergelyking tussen Matteus 5:17 en Paulus se siening oor die wet soos in die Romeine-brief (3:19; 6:14; 7:6; 8:2; 10:4; ens.), kan tot so ’n gevolgtrekking kom. Daarmee saam word die prominensie van Petrus in die Matteus-evangelie as bewysgrond gebruik dat Matteus teen Paulus reageer. Die oortuiging kan dus bestaan dat Matteus doelbewus met die skryf van hierdie Evangelie teen Paulus reageer, veral wanneer die insident in Antiogië in gedagte gehou word. ’n Tweede groep meen dat Matteus en Paulus teologies naby aan mekaar is, terwyl daar ook ’n derde groep is wat oordeel dat Matteus en Paulus wel van mekaar verskil, maar mekaar ook komplementeer. Met hierdie artikel word daar gepoog om meer duidelikheid oor die teologiese verhouding tussen Matteus en Paulus te verkry. The Sermon on the Mount as possible reaction against Paul. Much research has been done about the theological relationship between Matthew and Paul. This research has numerous conclusions and can be divided into three groups. Some researchers say that the Gospel of Matthew contains an anti-Pauline text or that an anti-Pauline polemic is recognisable in the Sermon on the Mount. The polemic involves the interpretation of the Torah. A comparison between Matthew 5:17 and Paul’s stance on the law in Romans (3:19; 6:14; 7:6; 8:2; 10:4; etc.) may lead to such a conclusion. Together with this, the prominence of Peter in the Matthean Gospel is used to prove that Matthew reacted against Paul. All of this and with the incident at Antioch in mind, the idea may arise that Matthew deliberately wrote the Gospel to react against Paul. A second group concludes that Matthew and Paul were theologically close and lastly there is a group that says Matthew and Paul differ but also complement each other. This article attempts to give more clarity on the theological relationship between Matthew and Paul.
Actionable Recommendations in the Bright Futures Child Health Supervision Guidelines
Authors: Stanton J.L. , Downs S.M. , Finnell S.M.E. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackground: With the growing use of electronic health record systems, there is a demand for an electronic version of the leading American pediatric preventive care guideline, Bright Futures. As computer implementation requires actionable recommendations, it is important to assess to what degree Bright Futures meets criteria for actionability.Objectives: We aimed to 1) determine the number of actionable recommendations in the current edition of Bright Futures and 2) to recommend a specific format for representing an important class of guidelines in a way that better facilitates computer implementation.Methods: We consolidated all action statements in Bright Futures into recommendations. We then used two dimensions (decidability and executability) in the Guideline Implementability Appraisal v 2.0 (GLIA) to determine the actionability of the recommendations. Decidability means the recommendation states precisely under what conditions to perform those actions. Executability means actions are stated specifically, unambiguously and in sufficient detail. The results were presented in a figure titled Service Interval Diagram (SID), describing actionable recommendations, age intervals during which they are applicable, and how frequently they should occur in that interval.Results: We consolidated 2161 action items into 245 recommendations and identified 52 that were actionable (21%). Almost exclusively, these recommendations addressed screening, such as newborn metabolic screening, or child safety, such as car seat use. A limited number (n=13) of recommendations for other areas of anticipatory guidance were also actionable. No recommendations on child discipline, family function or mental health met our criteria for actionability. The SID representing these recommendations is presented in a figure.Conclusion: Only a portion of the Bright Futures Guidelines meets criteria for actionability. Substantial work lies ahead to develop most recommendations for anticipatory guidance into a computer implementable format.Citation: Finnell SME, Stanton JL1, Downs SM. Actionable recommendations in the bright futures child health supervision guidelines. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 651–659http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-02-RA-0012
Demobilization and social reintegration of Brazilian and American troops of World War II: a comparative study
Authors: Ferraz Francisco Cesar Alves 
Published: July 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os resultados de um estudo comparativo dos veteranos brasileiros e americanos da Segunda Guerra Mundial, com respeito à sua desmobilização e reintegração social. Apesar das óbvias diferenças entre as experiências da participação na guerra entre Estados Unidos e Brasil, defendo que o estudo dessas duas maneiras de lidar com os problemas de desmobilização e reinserção dos combatentes pode oferecer novas luzes sobre vários problemas comuns a ambos os países: a relação entre as sociedades e as forças armadas, as relações entre o governo federal e os seus cidadãos, a desigualdade social e racial e, por último mas não menos importante, as experiências de construção de estruturas de Estado de Bem Estar na guerra e pós-guerra. Baseada em estudos internacionais sobre processos lidando com a desmobilização e integração social dos ex-combatentes da guerra, essa pesquisa atual selecionou as variáveis que foram decisivas para o sucesso ou o fracasso de tal uma adaptação em tempo de paz: a) experiências anteriores de reinserção dos veteranos de guerra; b) a natureza e as consequências do recrutamento para os futuros ex-combatentes; c) o planejamento do Estado e das forças armadas dos processos de desmobilização e reintegração no pós-guerra; d) a implementação de desmobilização e os impactos no seio da instituição militar e da sociedade civil causados pela reintegração de ex-combatentes à vida social e profissional.
Basal terraces on melting ice shelves
Authors: Dutrieux Pierre , Stewart Craig , Jenkins Adrian , Nicholls Keith W. , Corr Hugh F. J. , Rignot Eric , Steffen Konrad 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOcean waters melt the margins of Antarctic and Greenland glaciers, and individual glaciers' responses and the integrity of their ice shelves are expected to depend on the spatial distribution of melt. The bases of the ice shelves associated with Pine Island Glacier (West Antarctica) and Petermann Glacier (Greenland) have similar geometries, including kilometer‐wide, hundreds‐of‐meter high channels oriented along and across the direction of ice flow. The channels are enhanced by, and constrain, oceanic melt. New meter‐scale observations of basal topography reveal peculiar glaciated landscapes. Channel flanks are not smooth, but are instead stepped, with hundreds‐of‐meters‐wide flat terraces separated by 5–50 m high walls. Melting is shown to be modulated by the geometry: constant across each terrace, changing from one terrace to the next, and greatly enhanced on the ~45° inclined walls. Melting is therefore fundamentally heterogeneous and likely associated with stratification in the ice‐ocean boundary layer, challenging current models of ice shelf‐ocean interactions.
Geomagnetic control of equatorial plasma bubble activity modeled by the TIEGCM with Kp
Authors: Carter B. A. , Retterer J. M. , Yizengaw E. , Groves K. , Caton R. , McNamara L. , Bridgwood C. , Francis M. , Terkildsen M. , Norman R. , Zhang K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDescribing the day‐to‐day variability of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) occurrence remains a significant challenge. In this study we use the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM), driven by solar (F10.7) and geomagnetic (Kp) activity indices, to study daily variations of the linear Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability growth rate in relation to the measured scintillation strength at five longitudinally distributed stations. For locations characterized by generally favorable conditions for EPB growth (i.e., within the scintillation season for that location), we find that the TIEGCM is capable of identifying days when EPB development, determined from the calculated R‐T growth rate, is suppressed as a result of geomagnetic activity. Both observed and modeled upward plasma drifts indicate that the prereversal enhancement scales linearly with Kp from several hours prior, from which it is concluded that even small Kp changes cause significant variations in daily EPB growth.