bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between preset distinguishing sequences and synchronizing sequences
Authors: Güniçen Canan , İnan Kemal , Türker Uraz Cengiz , Yenigün Hüsnü 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the relation between synchronizing sequences and preset distinguishing sequences which are some special sequences used in finite state machine based testing. We show that the problems related to preset distinguishing sequences can be converted into related problems of synchronizing sequences. Using the results existing in the literature for synchronizing sequences, we offer several reflections of these results for preset distinguishing sequences. Although computing a preset distinguishing sequence is PSPACE-hard , we do identify a class of machines for which computing a preset distinguishing sequence can be performed in polynomial time and argue that this class is practically relevant. We also present an experimental study to compare the performance of exponential brute-force and polynomial heuristic algorithms to compute a preset distinguishing sequence.
Extraction and Demulsification of Oil From Wheat Germ, Barley Germ, and Rice Bran Using an Aqueous Enzymatic Method
Authors: Fang Xuezhi , Moreau Robert A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn aqueous enzymatic method was developed to extract oil from wheat germ. Wheat germ pretreatment, effect of various industrial enzymes, pH, wheat germ to water ratio, reaction time and effect of various methods of demulsification, were investigated. Pretreatment at 180 °C in a conventional oven for 4 min reduced the moisture 12.8–2.2 % and significantly increased the oil yield. Adding a combination of protease (Fermgen) and cellulase (Spezyme CP) resulted in a 72 % yield of emulsified oil from wheat germ (both commercial and laboratory milled wheat germ). Using the same oil extraction conditions optimized for wheat germ, yields of 51 and 39 % emulsified oil were obtained from barley germ (laboratory milled), and rice bran, respectively. Three physical demulsification methods (heating, freeze‐thawing, and pH adjustment) and enzymatic methods (Protex 6L, Protex 7L, Alcalase, Fermgen, Lysomax and G‐zyme 999) were compared. After demulsification with Protex 6L, free oil yields of 63.8 and 59.5 % were obtained with commercial wheat germ and with laboratory milled wheat germ, respectively. Using the same demulsification conditions optimized for wheat germ, yields of 45.7 % emulsified oil and 35 % free oil were obtained for barley germ and rice bran, respectively.
Social Studies Teachers’ Interactions with Second Generation Web-Based Educative Curriculum
Authors: Callahan Cory , Saye John , Brush Thomas 
Published: April 2014

This paper advances a continuing line of research investigating the potential of web-based educative curriculum materials (ECMs) to facilitate teachers’ development of professional teaching knowledge (PTK). Our ECMs consisted of online lesson plans scaffolded with embedded digital resources to promote teacher understanding of a particular wise-practice pedagogy: problem-based historical inquiry (PBHI). Our research question was: Can a 2nd generation of web-based ECMs encourage social studies teachers’ development of PTK for PBHI? Participants reacted positively to several educative scaffolds, especially videocases of experts modeling historical thinking. Evidence suggested that multiple experiences with planning and implementing instruction with our ECMs helped teachers recognize value in some of the materials’ underpinning concepts (e.g., scaffolding and inquiry-based instruction). However, planning instruction individually, the novelty of planning resources enhanced with digital resources, and certain contextual features of schooling such as inadequate focused time for planning seemed to frustrate the ECMs potential to promote teacher-learning. Here we suggest that ECMs function less effectively as stand-alone supports; however, employed in more formal contexts that feature collaboration, they may be able to provide valuable support for teachers’ professional development.
A high-elevation MIS 5 hydrologic record using mollusks and ostracodes from Snowmass Village, Colorado, USA
Authors: Sharpe Saxon E. , Bright Jordon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSediments containing terrestrial and aquatic mollusks and ostracodes from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (2705 m elevation) near Snowmass Village, Colorado, span ~130–87 ka (MIS 5e through 5b). The southeastern area of the site where taxa were recovered was a relatively fresh, shallow, well-vegetated wetland during MIS 5e through 5c time, approximately 2 m deep, with a total dissolved solids value of ~200–1000 mg L− 1. The wetland was seasonally or annually variable and groundwater discharged along the margins of the bounding moraine. Groundwater likely contributed solutes to the system and may have contributed 18O-enriched water. Based on stable isotopes from ostracode calcite (δ18OOST and δ13COST), seasonal evaporation occurred and the dissolved inorganic carbon pool was unexpectedly enriched in 13C. The mollusk and ostracode faunas changed little across the MIS 5e/5d/5c boundaries, whereas a distinct change in the ostracode fauna occurred between the deposition of Unit 11 and Unit 13, which corresponds in time to the MIS 5c/5b boundary, indicating some combination of increased surface and/or groundwater flow, a decrease in water temperature, and a freshening and a possible deepening of the wetland.
Eustatic control of late Quaternary sea-level change in the Arabian/Persian Gulf
Authors: Stevens Thomas , Jestico Matthew J. , Evans Graham , Kirkham Anthony 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAccurate sea-level reconstruction is critical in understanding the drivers of coastal evolution. Inliers of shallow marine limestone and aeolianite are exposed as zeugen (carbonate-capped erosional remnants) on the southern coast of the Arabian/Persian Gulf. These have generally been accepted as evidence of a eustatically driven, last-interglacial relative sea-level highstand preceded by a penultimate glacial-age lowstand. Instead, recent optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating suggests a last glacial age for these deposits, requiring >100 m of uplift since the last glacial maximum in order to keep pace with eustatic sea-level rise and implying the need for a wholesale revision of tectonic, stratigraphic and sea-level histories of the Gulf. These two hypotheses have radically different implications for regional neotectonics and land–sea distribution histories. Here we test these hypotheses using OSL dating of the zeugen formations. These new ages are remarkably consistent with earlier interpretations of the formations being last interglacial or older in age, showing that tectonic movements are negligible and eustatic sea-level variations are responsible for local sea-level changes in the Gulf. The cause of the large age differences between recent studies is unclear, although it appears related to large differences in the measured accumulated dose in different OSL samples.
Influence of heterogeneity on second-kind self-similar solutions for viscous gravity currents
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Christov Ivan C. , Stone Howard A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report experimental, theoretical and numerical results on the effects of horizontal heterogeneities on the propagation of viscous gravity currents. We use two geometries to highlight these effects: (a) a horizontal channel (or crack) whose gap thickness varies as a power-law function of the streamwise coordinate; (b) a heterogeneous porous medium whose permeability and porosity have power-law variations. We demonstrate that two types of self-similar behaviours emerge as a result of horizontal heterogeneity: (a) a first-kind self-similar solution is found using dimensional analysis (scaling) for viscous gravity currents that propagate away from the origin (a point of zero permeability); (b) a second-kind self-similar solution is found using a phase-plane analysis for viscous gravity currents that propagate toward the origin. These theoretical predictions, obtained using the ideas of self-similar intermediate asymptotics, are compared with experimental results and numerical solutions of the governing partial differential equation developed under the lubrication approximation. All three results are found to be in good agreement.
The Rise and Fall of the World's Largest Wine Exporter—And Its Institutional Legacy
Authors: Meloni Giulia , Swinnen Johan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the causes of the rise and the fall of the Algerian wine industry. It is hard to imagine in the twenty-first century global wine economy, but until about 50 years ago Algeria was the largest exporter of wine in the world—and by a wide margin. Between 1880 and 1930 Algerian wine production grew dramatically. Equally spectacular was the decline of Algerian wine production: today, Algeria produces and exports little wine. There was an important bidirectional impact between developments in the Algerian wine sector and French regulations. French regulations had a major impact on the Algerian wine industry, and the growth of the Algerian wine industry triggered the introduction of important wine regulations in France at the beginning of the twentieth century and during the 1930s. Important elements of these regulations are still present in European wine policy today. (JEL Classifications: K23, L51, N44, N54, Q13)
Strike, accident, risk, and counter-factuality: hidden meanings of the post-Soviet Russian news discourse of the 1990s via conceptual blending
Authors: PLESHAKOVA ANNA 
Published: April 2014

abstractDrawing upon Paul Chilton’s (2005) approach to manipulative discourse analysis, this paper looks into how the ideas of risk and blame, as shifted from Yeltsin and his team of ‘reformers’ in the pursuit of restoring Yeltsin’s political credibility, were propagated through the media news management during the presidential election of 1996. By applying the Conceptual Integration or Blending framework (Fauconnier & Turner, 2002) to a case study of the Russian news story about an airport strike, the paper reveals how the mass media was manipulated at an almost invisible level, which has not been explored so far. The paper argues that conceptual integration can be successfully used as a core cognitive linguistic research method for elucidating culturally specific and historically changing cognitive frames and analysis of counter-factuality in manipulative news discourse.
PLATO'S REFERENCE TO LAMACHUS
Authors: Smith Lucy M. 
Published: April 2014

The only reference to the Athenian general Lamachus in the Platonic corpus is atLaches197c6 where Nicias compares Laches to him. In response to Laches' criticism that Nicias is embellishing himself with his words (κοσμεῖ τῷ λόγῳ,La.197c3), and trying to deny that those agreed to be courageous are indeed courageous, Nicias says:Οὔκουν σέ γε, ὦ Λάχης, ἀλλὰ θάρρει‧ φημὶ γάρ σε εἶναι σοφόν, καὶ Λάμαχόν γε, εἴπερ ἐστὲ ἀνδρεῖοι, καὶ ἄλλους γε συχνοὺς Ἀθηναίων. (La.197c6–8)
A METRICAL SCANDAL IN ENNIUS
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: April 2014

Ennius' Scipio is represented for us by three fragments explicitly attributed to the poem by our ancient sources, frr. 31, 32 and 33 Courtney (= var. 9–12, 13 and 14 Vahlen), along with a detail from the Suda s.v. Ἔννιος (Ε 1348, p. 2.285 Adler = fr. 29 Courtney = var. I Vahlen) asserting Homer's pre-eminence as a panegyrist (and Scipio's as a recipient of panegyric), which is echoed (and perhaps amplified) by Valerius Maximus (8.14.1).
Comparison and Positive Solutions for Problems with the (p, q)-Laplacian and a Convection Term
Authors: Faria Luiz F. O. , Miyagaki Olímpio H. , Motreanu Dumitru 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove the existence of a positive solution for a quasi-linear elliptic problem involving the (p, q)-Laplacian and a convection term, which means an expression that is not in the principal part and depends on the solution and its gradient. The solution is constructed through an approximating process based on gradient bounds and regularity up to the boundary. The positivity of the solution is shown by applying a new comparison principle, which is established here.
Quasilinear Problems Involving Changing-Sign Nonlinearities without an Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz-Type Condition
Authors: Iturriaga Leonelo , Souto Marco A. , Ubilla Pedro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper quasilinear elliptic boundary value equations without an Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz growth condition are considered. Existence of a non-trivial solution result is established. For this, we show the existence of a Cerami sequence by using a variant of the mountain-pass theorem due to Schechter. The novelty here is that we may consider nonlinearities that satisfy a local p-superlinear condition and may change sign.
Lymnaea glabra: progressive increase in susceptibility toFasciola hepaticathrough successive generations of experimentally infected snails
Authors: Rondelaud D. , Teukeng F.F. Djuikwo , Vignoles P. , Dreyfuss G. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExperimental infections ofLymnaea glabra(two populations) withFasciola hepaticawere carried out during seven successive snail generations, to determine if prevalence and intensity of snail infection increased over time through descendants of snails already infected withF. hepatica. Controls were descendants coming from uninfected parents and infected according to the same protocol. No larval forms were found in the bodies of control snails coming from uninfected parents. In contrast, prevalence and intensity ofF. hepaticainfection in snails originating from infected parents progressively increased from the F2 or F3 to the F6 generation ofL. glabra. In another experiment carried out with the F7 generations ofL. glabraand a single generation ofGalba truncatula(as controls), the prevalence ofF. hepaticainfection and the total number of cercariae were lower inL. glabra(without significant differences between both populations). If the number of cercariae shed by infected snails was compared to overall cercarial production noted in snails containing cercariae but dying without emission, the percentage was greater inG. truncatula(69% instead of 52–54% inL. glabra). Even if most characteristics ofF. hepaticainfection were lower inL. glabra, prevalence and intensity of parasite infection increased with snail generation when tested snails came from infected parents. This mode of snail infection withF. hepaticasuggests an explanation for cases of fasciolosis occurring in cattle-breeding farms where paramphistomosis is lacking andG. truncatulais absent.
Executive Functions in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Young Adults: A Comparison between Self-report and Neuropsychological Test Results
Authors: Sølsnes Anne Elisabeth , Skranes Jon , Brubakk Ann-Mari , Løhaugen Gro C.C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractExecutive functions are goal-directed control mechanisms that modulate the operation of other cognitive processes. Preterm born very-low-birth-weight (VLBW: birth weight<1500 grams) children have more problems with attention/executive function than their term born peers. The objective of this study is to examine if VLBW young adults had more self-reported attention/ executive problems and lower neuropsychological test results than controls. Furthermore, to investigate the relationship between self-reported attention/executive problems, general cognitive ability (IQ) and test results. Forty-two VLBW [mean birth weight 1237 (219) grams, and gestational age 29.3 (2.4) weeks] and 63 term born controls at age 19 years completed The BRIEF-A self-report of attention/executive functions in everyday life. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III was used to obtain IQ scores; subtests from Delis-Kaplan were used to assess attention/executive function. There were no differences between the VLBW young adults and controls on any of the BRIEF-A measures, but the VLBW subjects had lower scores on 8 of the 18 neuropsychological subtests (p<.01). Some correlations between BRIEF-A and the Stroop and TMT tests were found in the VLBW group. VLBW young adults do not report more problems regarding attention/executive function in daily life than controls despite lower results on several neuropsychological tests. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
Comparison of anthropometric-based equations for estimation of body fat percentage in a normal-weight and overweight female cohort: validation via air-displacement plethysmography
Authors: Temple Derry , Denis Romain , Walsh Marianne C , Dicker Patrick , Byrne Annette T 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used anthropometric-based equations in the estimation of percentage body fat (%BF) in both normal-weight and overweight women using air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) as the criterion measure.DesignA comparative study in which the equations of Durnin and Womersley (1974; DW) and Jackson, Pollock and Ward (1980) at three, four and seven sites (JPW3, JPW4 and JPW7) were validated against ADP in three groups. Group 1 included all participants, group 2 included participants with a BMI<25·0 kg/m2 and group 3 included participants with a BMI≥25·0 kg/m2.SettingHuman Performance Laboratory, Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Republic of Ireland.SubjectsForty-three female participants aged between 18 and 55 years.ResultsIn all three groups, the %BF values estimated from the DW equation were closer to the criterion measure (i.e. ADP) than those estimated from the other equations. Of the three JPW equations, JPW3 provided the most accurate estimation of %BF when compared with ADP in all three groups.ConclusionIn comparison to ADP, these findings suggest that the DW equation is the most accurate anthropometric method for the estimation of %BF in both normal-weight and overweight females.
Suicidal Ideation, Depression and Quality of Life in the Elderly: Study in a Gerontopsychiatric Consultation
Authors: Ponte Carla , Almeida Vera , Fernandes Lia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe global increase in elderly population all over the world, especially in Portugal, justifies the importance of mental health study in this age group. The aim of this study was to characterize the elderly patients in Gerontopsychiatry Consultation of Centro Hospitalar São João in Porto, related to socio-demographic aspects, physical and global disabilities, depression, suicidal ideation and quality of life, and to explore the association between suicidal ideation, depression, and quality of life and global and functional disability. In this cross-sectional study, 155 patients were recruited consecutively, with a final sample of 75 subjects (59 women and 16 men) without cognitive deficits and a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 6.04). Concerning the depression level measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (Barreto et al., 2008) it was found that 66.7% presented severe depression and suicidal ideation (M = 41.96, SD = 36.38), a value considered with a potential risk of suicide using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Ferreira & Castela, 1999). The elderly also perceived their quality of life as low, revealing global disability assessed with the EasyCare- Elderly Assessment (Sousa & Figueiredo, 2000a). A significant positive correlation was also found between depression and suicidal ideation (rs =.71, p < .001), as well as quality of life (rs = .50, p < .001), and suicidal ideation with quality of life (rs = .40, p < .001). The data obtained in this study corroborate the results found in other studies.
INECO Frontal Screening: an Instrument to assess Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Authors: Silva Tânia , Monteiro Luís , Lopes Emanuela 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAlthough several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect executive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief tool which has proved be useful for the assessment of the executive functions in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore whether the IFS is as sensitive and specific as the BADS, a battery designed to assess the dysexecutive syndrome, in schizophrenia. Our sample comprised a group of 34 schizophrenic patients (Mean age= 39.59,DP= 10.697) and 31 healthy controls (Mean age =35.52,DP =10.211). To all groups were administered the BADS, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and IFS. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse than the control group in all tests (p< .05). The IFS total score was 13.29 for the experimental group and 26.21 for the control group (p< .001). Considering a cut-off of 14 points, the IFS sensitivity was 100% and specificity 56% in detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, compared with the BADS, that if we consider a cut-off of 11 points, was a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50%. Thus, IFS is a brief, sensitive and specific tool for the detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Attributions of Blame to Battered Women when they are perceived as
Feminists or as “Difficult to Deal With”
Authors: Vidal-Fernández Ana , Megías Jesús L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the influence of victim-related and observer-related
factors in victim blaming of battered women. Two hundred and forty six college
students participated. They were asked to read a scenario describing a
hypothetical case of physical violence perpetrated by a man against his partner.
Depending on the experimental condition, the victim was described either as a
feminist and/or as exhibiting difficulties in her relationship with others or
not. A hierarchical regression analysis was performed with victim blaming as
dependent variable. Participants’ hostile sexism positively predicted
victim blaming when the victim was described as a feminist and as a
“difficult to deal with” woman (p
< .001). In addition, men, but not women, high in hostile
sexist attitudes placed more blame on the victim when she was presented as a
feminist woman (p < .001). These results underscore
the importance of victim-related and observer-related factors, and of their
interaction, in blaming the victim of gender-based violence.
Variation in Arabidopsis flowering time associated with cis-regulatory variation in CONSTANS
Authors: Rosas Ulises , Mei Yu , Xie Qiguang , Banta Joshua A. , Zhou Royce W. , Seufferheld Gabriela , Gerard Silvia , Chou Lucy , Bhambhra Naeha , Parks Jennifer Deane , Flowers Jonathan M. , McClung C. Robertson , Hanzawa Yoshie , Purugganan Michael D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe onset of flowering, the change from vegetative to reproductive development, is a major life history transition in flowering plants. Recent work suggests that mutations in cis-regulatory mutations should play critical roles in the evolution of this (as well as other) important adaptive traits, but thus far there has been little evidence that directly links regulatory mutations to evolutionary change at the species level. While several genes have previously been shown to affect natural variation in flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana, most either show protein-coding changes and/or are found at low frequency (<5%). Here we identify and characterize natural variation in the cis-regulatory sequence in the transcription factor CONSTANS that underlies flowering time diversity in Arabidopsis. Mutation in this regulatory motif evolved recently and has spread to high frequency in Arabidopsis natural accessions, suggesting a role for these cis-regulatory changes in adaptive variation of flowering time.