bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Milk Protects Against Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants at High Risk for Autism During Early Development
Authors: Penn Alexander H. , Carver Leslie J. , Herbert Carrie A. , Lai Tiffany S. , McIntire Melissa J. , Howard Jeffrey T. , Taylor Sharon F. , Schmid‐Schönbein Geert W. , Dobkins Karen R. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often report gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction in their children. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether infants at high risk for developing ASD (ie, siblings of children diagnosed as having ASD) show greater prevalence of GI problems and whether this prevalence is associated with diet and age at weaning from breast milk.Methods:Using questionnaires, diet history and GI problems were tracked prospectively and retrospectively in 57 high‐risk infants and for comparison in 114 low‐risk infants (infants from families without ASD history).Results:In low‐risk infants, prevalence of GI symptoms, in aggregate, did not vary with diet or age of weaning. By contrast, high‐risk infants with GI symptoms were weaned earlier than those without symptoms (P < 0.04), and high‐risk infants showed greater prevalence of GI symptoms, in aggregate, on a no breast milk diet than on an exclusive breast milk diet (P < 0.017). Constipation, in particular, was more prevalent in high‐risk infants compared with low‐risk infants (P = 0.01), especially on a no breast milk diet (P = 0.002). High‐risk infants who completed weaning earlier than 6 months showed greater prevalence of constipation (P = 0.001) and abdominal distress (P = 0.004) than those fully weaned after 6 months.Conclusions:The greater prevalence of GI symptoms in high‐risk infants suggests that GI dysfunction during early infant development may be a part of the ASD endophenotype. Late weaning and exclusive breast milk were associated with protection against GI symptoms in high‐risk infants.
Adherence to Oral Maintenance Treatment in Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Spekhorst Lieke M. , Hummel Thalia Z. , Benninga Marc A. , van Rheenen Patrick F. , Kindermann Angelika 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to systematically review the rates of nonadherence to oral maintenance treatment in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to describe perceived barriers to adherence and psychosocial factors involved.Methods:The article considered studies published in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO up to March 2015. Studies that had collected data on adherence to thiopurines or aminosalicylates in a cohort of adolescents with IBD. Case reports and case series were excluded.Results:A total of 25 studies were included. Lack of uniformity of outcome measures made pooling of data impossible. Rates of medication nonadherence ranged from 2% to 93%. The most frequently reported barriers were “just forgot,” “wasn’t home,” and “interferes with activity.” Family dysfunction, peer victimization, poor health‐related quality of life, poor child‐coping strategies, anxiety, and depressive symptoms were associated with medication nonadherence.Conclusions:Nonadherence to oral maintenance therapy in adolescents with IBD is a significant health care problem and can lead to unnecessary escalation in therapy. Difficulties in family and social interactions, and psychosocial dysfunction can jeopardize IBD treatment outcome and should receive attention early in the course of the disease.
Early Gut Colonization With Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus in Infants
Authors: Salminen Seppo , Endo Akihito , Isolauri Erika , Scalabrin Deolinda 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to assess the mode of delivery and type‐of‐feeding impact on gut microbiota. We demonstrated higher fecal bifidobacteria in infants who were breast‐fed (BF) or fed formula with prebiotics polydextrose (PDX) and galactooligosaccharides (GOS) versus formula without prebiotics. Here, we tested feces of that cohort for lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus, 2 types of bacteria present in breast milk.Methods:In a double‐blind, randomized study, 21‐ to 30‐day‐old term infants vaginally delivered and exclusively formula‐fed received a cow's milk–based formula (control, n = 80) or the same formula with 4 g/L (1:1 ratio) of PDX/GOS (PDX/GOS, n = 77). A reference BF group (n = 71) was included. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and after 30 and 60 days of feeding to assess fecal bacteria by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.Results:Pairwise comparisons between baseline‐adjusted means log10 colony‐forming unit per gram feces of total lactobacilli counts (8.37 in control, 8.46 in PDX/GOS, and 8.42 in BF) showed a significant difference only between PDX/GOS and control at 30 and 60 days combined (P = 0.035), utilizing generalized estimating equations method. Baseline‐adjusted odds ratio (OR) of colonization with S aureus was lower in control (OR 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.22–1.00, P = 0.049) and PDX/GOS (OR 0.44, 95% confidence interval 0.21–0.94, P = 0.03) groups versus the BF group.Conclusions:Bacteria found in breast milk, such as lactobacilli and S aureus can also be found in infant feces. S aureus, traditionally considered harmful, may aid in educating the coevolving immune system. Modifying formula by adding prebiotics may bring gut microbiota closer to that of BF infants in terms of beneficial microbes.
Structural modeling of the flagellum MS ring protein FliF reveals similarities to the type III secretion system and sporulation complex
Authors: Bergeron Julien 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe flagellum is a large proteinaceous organelle found at the surface of many bacteria, whose primary role is to allow motility through the rotation of a long extracellular filament. It is an essential virulence factor in many pathogenic species, and is also a priming component in the formation of antibiotic-resistant biofilms. The flagellum consists of the export apparatus and stator in the cytosol; the basal body, spanning the bacterial membrane(s) and periplasm; and the hook-filament, that protrudes away from the bacterial surface. Assembly of the bacterial flagellum is initiated by the formation of the basal body MS ring region, constituted of multiple copies of the protein FliF. Here, I report an analysis of the FliF sequence from various bacterial species, demonstrating that its periplasmic region is composed of a domain homologuous to that of the type III secretion system proteins PrgK, and of a second globular domain that possesses a similar fold to that of the sporulation complex component SpoIIIAG. I also describe that Chlamydia possesses an unusual FliF protein, lacking part of the PrgK homology domain and the SpoIIIAG-like domain, and fused to FliG at its C-terminus. Finally, I have combined the sequence analysis of FliF with the EM map of the MS ring, to propose the first atomic model for the FliF oligomer. These results further emphasize the similarity between the flagellum, T3SS and sporulation complex, and will facilitate further structural studies.
A comparative study of tourist attitudes towards culinary tourism in Spain and Slovenia
Authors: Sanchez-Cañizares Sandra , Castillo-Canalejo Ana M 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of gastronomy as a destination attraction, tourists’ perception of culinary tourism, its influence on satisfaction with the trip, and the economic value tourist’s attach to the opportunity to try traditional cuisine. The paper also examines possible sociocultural differences between different tourist segments according to how they rate gastronomy in their motivations for travel.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected by means of 392 questionnaires distributed in Ljubjlana (Slovenia) and Cordoba (Spain). Various bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques are used to perform a comprehensive econometric study.Findings– Tourists exhibit greater interest in gastronomy as a travel motivation in the Spanish city, where they value aspects related to this activity more positively. However, the willingness to pay more to try traditional food is similar in both cities. No sociodemographic differences were found between the segments regarding the importance of gastronomy as a travel motivation.Research limitations/implications– Restaurateurs, hospitality associations, and other public or private stakeholders engaged in culinary tourism can benefit from this type of analysis. The study reveals the need to improve language skills, human capital formation, and the innovation of traditional dishes in the Spanish sample. It also shows that the future of culinary tourism in Slovenia will depend on enhancing the international visibility of this emerging tourism sector.Originality/value– Successful strategies to promote culinary tourism must take into account the views of its main target group, tourists. Many studies analyzing tourist profiles are mainly qualitative, with few providing a cross-country comparison. This analysis provides a comprehensive, quantitative econometric approach to tourists’ opinions, and compares two different countries that differ in terms of their international visibility regarding this type of activity; specifically, Spain, which is a consolidated and world-renowned culinary tourism destination, and Slovenia, which is in the process of developing a culinary tourism project. Segmenting tourists based on their interest in culinary tourism also allows designing promotional strategies specifically tailored to each segment.
Convergence of food systems: Kosher, Christian and Halal
Authors: Tieman Marco , Hassan Faridah Hj 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate if religious food laws can provide answers to current issues with the food systems.Design/methodology/approach– This paper provides a discussion of the dietary and food system principles from a Judaism, Christianity and Islamic perspective for the design of a more sustainable and healthy food system.Findings– The commercialisation of the natural resources, industrial food production approach and consumerism is endangering the food security, health and environment. Current industry practices are not sustainable and do not comply with Jewish, Christian and Islamic scriptures. Kosher, Christian and halal food laws share common principles in prohibition of certain animals (like pig), prohibition of blood, role of fasting and animal welfare. As a change in the diet is the solution, there is a key role for the food industry to comply and for religious leaders to radically reduce meat consumption and food waste of its followers.Research limitations/implications– This viewpoint paper shows that religious food laws provide answers to current problems with the industrialised food production approach and consumerism.Practical implications– New food industry directives should convert meat-based to plant-based ingredients and additives; replace porcine by bovine sources; and emphasise on animal welfare to better serve the Jewish, Christian and Muslim consumer. Religious logos (kosher and halal) should incorporate nutrient profiling through a traffic light system to promote healthy food choice.Originality/value– Religious food laws are important for a big part of the world population (Jews, Christians and Muslims), which share many common principles. This study contributes to a better understanding of the commonalities and differences in these religious food laws.
A laboratory exploration for multi-period perishable food pricing
Authors: Wang Xiaohuan , Fan Zhi-Ping , Wang Yiming , Li Manning 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to put forward a multi-period dynamic pricing strategy for perishable food considering consumers’ price fairness perception. The impacts of the multi-period retail price, food freshness and inventory shortage risk on consumers’ heterogeneous willingness to pay (WTP) and their strategic purchasing behaviours are studied.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors present a price optimization model for perishable food, and conduct a laboratory experiment to justify the theoretical model. The data collected are analysed by correlation analysis and nonparametric test.

Findings
– The results obtained reveal, first, food freshness and inventory shortage risk have effect on consumers’ heterogeneous WTP. Second, different retail prices lead to consumers’ strategically purchasing behaviours. Finally, consumers’ intertemporal price fairness perception and the food retailer’s long-term utility maximization can be achieved by developing multi-period dynamic pricing strategy.

Practical implications
– This study suggests the perishable food retailer to apply a step-by-step price markdown strategy. It aims at eliminating price unfairness perceptions caused by loss of freshness and high shortage risk of the perishable food in the subsequent selling periods within the shelf life. Some valuable managerial insights towards perishable pricing for food retailers are discussed.

Originality/value
– This study serves as the first step to utilize a laboratory experiment to dig out consumers’ intertemporal WTP towards perishable food. It also presents a novel way for describing consumers’ intertemporal price fairness perception by equalizing consumers’ average utilities considering consumer surplus, food freshness and shortage risk at different selling periods. The line of research on dynamic pricing concerning consumers’ price fairness perception is quite new in academic research, and has arisen due to its importance for food retailers of maximizing their long-term revenues and also of constructing mutual benefit and lasting connections with the consumers.
Studying the effect of spiritual leadership on organizational performance: an empirical study in hotel industry
Authors: Salehzadeh Reza , Khazaei Pool Javad , Kia Lashaki Jafar , Dolati Hasan , Balouei Jamkhaneh Hadi 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of spiritual leadership on organizational performance based on the balanced scorecard (BSC).

Design/methodology/approach
– Statistical population includes the middle managers of 60 hotels across eight provinces in Iran. For data analysis, 207 accurate completed questionnaires have been used. Structural equation modeling has been used to explore the relationships between the research variables.

Findings
– The findings showed that spiritual leadership has a significant positive effect on calling and membership. Also, spiritual leadership, calling and membership have a significant positive effect on organizational performance.

Originality/value
– This paper by presenting a comprehensive model provides a framework and approach for studying the performance consequences of spiritual leadership in the hotel industry using the BSC.
Perceived performance appraisal justice in Egyptian chain hotels
Authors: Nassar Mohamed A. , Zaitouni Michel 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the relationships between perceptions of organisational justice, perceived competence of supervisor and perceived supervisory support (PSS) in hotel employees in Egypt.Design/methodology/approach– Employees who worked in chain hotels in two cities completed questionnaires on each dimension. Principal component analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to evaluate relationships among the dimensions to test the hypothesis that PSS mediates the relationship between perceived organisational justice and perceived competence of supervisor.Findings– Measures of organisational justice, perceived competence of supervisor and PSS were all positively related to one another. PSS partially mediated the relationship between organisational justice and perceived competence of supervisor.Research limitations/implications– Results indicate that employees who perceive their managers to be supportive and their organisations to be fair and just also believe that their supervisors are more competent. However, these results are only a cross-sectional snapshot, and future studies could examine how employee attitudes change over time and what factors contribute most to establishing perceptions of managerial competence and trust in the organisation.Practical implications– The findings suggest that organisations should develop policies that allow managers to foster supportive and transparent relationships with employees to establish confidence between employee and both manager and organisation.Originality/value– This study is the first of its kind to evaluate the mediating effects of PSS on organisational justice and perceived competence of supervisor in Egypt and in the hospitality industry.
Assessment of residents’ attitude towards ecotourism in KwaZulu-Natal protected areas
Authors: Adeleke Bola Olusola 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to assess the attitude of residents towards ecotourism in KwaZulu-Natal protected areas. It also determined how barriers to ecotourism trips could negatively affect the success of tourism development in protected areas. The new South Africa today has widely and innovatively embraced ecotourism based largely around the protected areas. Residents’ attitude towards tourism is one of the important indicators for sustainable development in protected areas.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 212 copies of structured questionnaires were used to collect information for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the target population of the protected areas while respondents were selected from the communities based on random sampling technique. Mean scores for barriers to ecotourism trips were determined. Descriptive statistics and T-test inferential statistics were used to analyse the data.

Findings
– The results agree with the theory of planned behaviour where intentions of residents to participate in ecotourism were directly influenced by barriers such as no time, low income and no transportation. It was also found out that preference for ecotourism trips was significantly influenced by the various barriers to ecotourism activities. High level of unemployment and high level of illiteracy were considered to be responsible for poor attitude in Kwadlangezwa with many (43.4 per cent) unwilling to support ecotourism development projects.

Research limitations/implications
– The research implication infers that high level of poverty and illiteracy in communities surrounding protected areas could seriously indicate non-support for development projects.

Practical implications
– Ecotourism-related businesses need be developed in destinations to alleviate poverty.

Social implications
– The moral of residents need be boosted through workshops and educative seminars.

Originality/value
– The study was conducted during the author’s research fellowship with the Department of Recreation and Tourism, University of Zululand, Kwadlangezwa, South Africa.
Educational lessons from the past – marketing textbooks during the Age of Enlightenment (16th to 18th Centuries)
Authors: Shaw Eric 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to critique four marketing textbooks written during the Age of Enlightenment (sixteenth-eighteenth centuries) to understand the educational lessons they taught students of marketing at the time and the lessons they might hold for the present day.

Design/methodology/approach
– The method entails critically examining several marketing textbooks within the context of the great social, religious, intellectual, political and economic changes taking place at the time.

Findings
– Over the period, paralleling developments in the Enlightenment, the two earlier textbooks of the age have a heavier emphasis on religious and ethical concerns along with their discussions of business issues. The two later textbooks de-emphasize spiritual themes in favor of almost completely focusing on business matters. In addition to discussing themes relevant to their times, the books anticipate concepts found in marketing textbooks of today. Generally, there is also more stress placed on immediate facts rather than enduring business principles. Yet many principles are discussed, including the most fundamental and durable principle of merchandising: “buy cheape, sell deare”.

Originality/value
– There is no other review of a collection of marketing textbooks during the Age of Enlightenment in the published literature.
Management applications of discontinuity theory
Authors: Angeler David G. , Allen Craig R. , Barichievy Chris , Eason Tarsha , Garmestani Ahjond S. , Graham Nicholas A. J. , Granholm Dean , Gunderson Lance H. , Knutson Melinda , Nash Kirsty L. , Nelson R. John , Nyström Magnus , Spanbauer Trisha L. , Stow Craig A. , Sundstrom Shana M. 
Published: July 2015

Summary

Human impacts on the environment are multifaceted and can occur across distinct spatiotemporal scales. Ecological responses to environmental change are therefore difficult to predict, and entail large degrees of uncertainty. Such uncertainty requires robust tools for management to sustain ecosystem goods and services and maintain resilient ecosystems.

We propose an approach based on discontinuity theory that accounts for patterns and processes at distinct spatial and temporal scales, an inherent property of ecological systems. Discontinuity theory has not been applied in natural resource management and could therefore improve ecosystem management because it explicitly accounts for ecological complexity.

Synthesis and applications. We highlight the application of discontinuity approaches for meeting management goals. Specifically, discontinuity approaches have significant potential to measure and thus understand the resilience of ecosystems, to objectively identify critical scales of space and time in ecological systems at which human impact might be most severe, to provide warning indicators of regime change, to help predict and understand biological invasions and extinctions and to focus monitoring efforts. Discontinuity theory can complement current approaches, providing a broader paradigm for ecological management and conservation.