bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Polyfolates in the Development of Electrochemical Glucose Biosensors
Authors: Venckus Tautvydas , Celiešiūtė Raimonda , Radzevič Aneta , Rakickas Tomas , Vaitekonis Šarūnas , Ruželė Živilė , Pauliukaite Rasa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFolic acid was polymerised electrochemically at a glassy carbon electrode surface from 0.1 mol L−1 phosphate buffer saline solution, pH 5.0, containing 0.1 mmol L−1 monomer. The obtained thin film was porous with a pore size of 50–60 nm. Since its electrochemical stability was rather short, the polyfolate film was covered with a graphene‐chitosan composite layer which increased its stability significantly. The best strategy to immobilise the enzyme was crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The lifetime of this glucose biosensor in use was at least 12 days, on‐shelf life time was at least 30 days. The linear range was up to 1 mmol L−1 and the LOD was 0.6 µmol L−1. The first polyfolate‐based biosensor was applied to analysis of natural samples.
Community mental health teams for older people: variations in case mix and service receipt (II)
Authors: Wilberforce Mark , Tucker Sue , Brand Christian , Abendstern Michele , Jasper Rowan , Stewart Karen , Challis David 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the extent to which services provided to older people via community mental health teams (CMHTs) vary in duration, composition and intensity. In particular, to identify the degree to which differences between teams are due to casemix.MethodsData were collected about the services provided to a random sample of patients from 15 CMHT caseloads, including contact with CMHT staff, other specialist mental health and social care services. The relationship between patients' needs and service receipt was explored.ResultsInformation was obtained for 1396 patients. Average time on CMHT caseloads was 11.6 months, but there were marked between‐team differences. The proportion of re‐referrals also varied from under a tenth to over half. People with functional mental health problems and complex needs were most likely to be long‐term CMHT clients. The proportion of patients seen by a consultant in the previous 6 months ranged from approximately a fifth to almost all. Differences with respect to contact with other qualified practitioners were less marked. Older people with functional disorders, challenging behaviour and at least one medium risk had the most regular contact with CMHT staff. Risk of self‐harm, delusions and paranoia increased the likelihood of consultant involvement. Support workers were more likely to see people at risk of self‐neglect. The receipt of other services, including day hospitals and inpatient care varied greatly.ConclusionsConsiderable diversity was found in the length, nature and frequency of services provided to patients with different needs. Differences between teams were not wholly explained by case mix. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐site calibration using a grid‐based event rainfall–runoff model: a case study of the upstream areas of the Nakdong River basin in Korea
Authors: Choi Yun Seok , Choi Cheon Kyu , Kim Hung Soo , Kim Kyung Tak , Kim Soojun 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMost runoff analyses using a grid‐based distributed model use one parameter group calibrated at the outlet of a watershed, instead of dividing the watershed into subwatersheds. Significant differences between the observed value and the simulation result of the subwatersheds can occur if just one parameter group is used in all subwatersheds that have different hydrological characteristics from each other. Therefore, to improve the simulation results of the subwatersheds within a watershed, a model calibrated at every subwatershed needs to be used to reflect the characteristics of each subwatershed. In this study, different parameter groups were set up for one or two sites using a distributed model, the GRM (Grid based Rainfall‐runoff Model), and the evaluations were based on the results of rainfall–runoff analysis, which uses a multi‐site calibration (MSC) technique to calibrate the model at the outlet of each site. The Hyangseok watershed in Naeseong River, which is a tributary of Nakdong River in Korea, was chosen as the study area. The watershed was divided into five subwatersheds each with a subwatershed outlet that was applied to the calibration sites. The MSC was applied for five cases. When a site was added for calibration in a watershed, the runoff simulation showed better results than the calibration of only one site at the most downstream area of the watershed. The MSC approach could improve the simulation results on the calibrated sites and even on the non‐calibrated sites, and the effect of MSC was improved when the calibrated site was closer to the runoff site. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying evaporation in a permeable pavement system
Authors: Brown Robert A. , Borst Michael 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStudies quantifying evaporation from permeable pavement systems are limited to a few laboratory studies and one field application. This research quantifies evaporation for a larger field application by measuring the water balance from lined permeable pavement sections. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency constructed a 0.4 ha parking lot in Edison, NJ, that incorporated three different permeable pavement types in the parking lanes – permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC) and porous asphalt (PA). An impermeable liner installed 0.4 m below the surface in four 11.6 m by 4.74 m sections per each pavement type captures all infiltrating water and routes it to collection tanks that can contain events up to 38 mm. Each section has a design impervious area to permeable pavement area ratio of 0.66:1. Pressure transducers installed in the underdrain collection tanks measured water level for 24 months. Level was converted to volume using depth‐to‐volume ratios for individual collection tanks. Using a water balance approach, the measured infiltrate volume was compared to rainfall volume on an event basis to determine the rainfall retained in the pavement strata and underlying aggregate. Interevent evaporation created additional storage in the pavement and aggregate layers. Events were divided into three groups based on antecedent dry period (ADP) and three 4 month groups of potential evaporation based on historical monthly pan evaporation records. There was a significant difference in rainfall retained among the various combinations of ADP and potential evaporation groups. More rainfall was retained in the pavement and aggregate layers as time between events increased and during warmer months with larger potential evaporation. Average cumulative evaporation from the permeable pavement sections for 134 rainfall events in 24 months was 5.2% of the cumulative rainfall volume, and the range was 2.4–7.6%. Each PC section had more annual evaporation than any individual PICP or PA section. While measureable, evaporation is a small contribution to the total water budget on an annual basis for these systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug Cross‐Contamination of Barcode Unit Dose Repackager in a Tertiary Academic Medical Centre
Authors: Huat Tan Chwee , Hong Goh Lay , Seng Wu Tuck 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundNational University Hospital and Tan Tock Seng Hospital have implemented an automated barcoded unit dose repackaging machine to provide barcoded medications for bedside verification to ensure the right medication is administered to the right patient. Because the machine stores and repackages multiple medications concurrently, there could be a risk of drug cross‐contamination.AimTo validate the vendor‐recommended cleaning procedures and to establish whether there was any cross‐contamination of drugs using selected test medications.MethodEight medications were selected to be the test medications with representative attributes. Paracetamol 500 mg tablets were selected as the carrier medication. First, to validate cleaning procedures, test medications were repackaged, followed by routine cleaning of the machine before the paracetamol tablets were repackaged. Second, to investigate the risk of drug cross‐contamination, test medications were repackaged, followed by repackaging of paracetamol tablets. The paracetamol tablets were then tested for drug cross‐contamination from the test medications using HPLC analysis to detect and/or quantify the presence of contamination. The maximum allowable limit of each test medication detected on a total of eight paracetamol tablets was set as no more than 0.1% of the minimum therapeutic dose.ResultsAll paracetamol tablet samples tested had detectable concentrations of test medications that were below the maximum allowable limits for the eight tested medications.ConclusionIt was established that: (1) the routine cleaning procedures recommended by the vendor are appropriate; and (2) there was no clinically significant drug cross‐contamination during repackaging of the selected eight test medications.
Does an Electronic Discharge Referral System Improve the Quality of Medication Prescribing?
Authors: Garrett Tim , McCormack Claire 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnintentional discrepancies in medication lists at the time of discharge are common and a significant cause of avoidable harm. Electronic discharge referral (eDR) systems represent an opportunity to reduce the risk of harm. However, there are few Australian studies describing this approach.AimTo investigate the impact of an eDR system on the quality of medication prescribing.MethodA prospective, observational study of discharge medication orders was undertaken in a 520‐bed principal referral hospital. A structured audit tool was used to assess the quality (volume, type and severity) of prescribing errors on patients' discharge summaries for 2 weeks immediately before the implementation of the eDR system (pre‐eDR) and re‐audited 6 weeks after implementation (post‐eDR).ResultsDischarge summaries from 776 patients were evaluated (n = 377 pre‐eDR (handwritten process); n = 399 post‐eDR (electronic process)). The number of discharges with one or more prescribing errors decreased significantly after implementation of the eDR system (relative difference −39.6%; P < 0.001), including errors relating to: supply quantities (P < 0.001), legibility (P < 0.0001), drug selection (P = 0.009), prescription format selection (P = 0.026), patient details (P = 0.039) and signing of orders (P = 0.007). However, no significant difference was observed in the overall mean severity score for errors between the electronic and handwritten discharge processes (3.5 vs 3.4; P = 0.28).ConclusionImplementation of an eDR system resulted in an improved quality and potential safety of patients' discharge medication orders. However, despite a reduced frequency of errors, the emergence of new error types was observed, and the profile and overall severity of prescribing errors remained unchanged.
Optimising Therapy for Patients with Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Westaway Kerrie P , Alderman Christopher P , Frank Oliver R , Husband Alan J , Rowett Debra , Le Blanc Tammy 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTNeuropathic pain is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but is especially prevalent among older people because the incidence of many diseases that cause neuropathic pain increases with age. Neuropathic pain is often underdiagnosed or undertreated, and is associated with a diminished quality of life, significant disability and depression. The principal aim of management is to improve the patient's quality of life by attaining maximum pain relief with minimal treatment‐associated adverse effects, and restoring functional ability. The current therapeutic options for the management of neuropathic pain are reviewed here, focusing on the importance of an accurate diagnosis and assessment, early intervention, regular clinical reviews and steps in pharmacological treatment.
In vivo study of nanostructured akermanite/PEO coating on biodegradable magnesium alloy for biomedical applications
Authors: Razavi Mehdi , Fathi Mohammadhossein , Savabi Omid , Vashaee Daryoosh , Tayebi Lobat 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe major issue for biodegradable magnesium alloys is the fast degradation and release of hydrogen gas. In this article, we aim to overcome these disadvantages by using a surface modified magnesium implant. We have recently coated AZ91 magnesium implants by akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) through the combined electrophoretic deposition (EPD) and plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) methods. In this work, we performed the in vitro and in vivo examinations of these coated implants using L‐929 cell line and rabbit animal model. The in vitro study confirmed the higher cytocompatibility of the coated implants compare to the uncoated ones. For the in vivo experiment, the rod samples were implanted into the greater trochanter of rabbits and monitored for two months. The results indicated a noticeable biocompatibility improvement of the coated implants which includes slower implant weight loss, reduction in Mg ion released from the coated samples in the blood plasma, lower release of hydrogen bubbles, increase in the amount of bone formation and ultimately lower bone inflammation after the surgery according to the histological images. Our data exemplifies that the proper surface treatment of the magnesium implants can improve their biocompatibility under physiological conditions to make them applicable in clinical uses. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1798–1808, 2015.
Controlled surface morphology and hydrophilicity ofpolycaprolactonetoward selective differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to neural like cells
Authors: Jahani Hoda , Jalilian Farid Azizi , Wu Chia‐Yu , Kaviani Saeid , Soleimani Masoud , Abbasi Naghmeh , Ou Keng‐Liang , Hosseinkhani Hossein 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into neuron cells has great potential in therapy of damaged nerve tissue. It has been shown that three‐dimensional biomaterials have great ability to up regulate the expression of neuronal proteins. In this study, O2plasma technology was used to enhance hydrophilicity of poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) toward selective differentiation of MSCs into neural cells. Random and aligned PCL nanofibers scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning method and their physicochemical and mechanical properties were carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle, and tensile measurements. Contact angle studies of PCL and plasma treated PCL (p‐PCL) nanofibers revealed significant change on the surface properties PCL nanofibers from the view point of hydrophilicity. Physiochemical studies revealed thatp‐PCL nanofibers were extremely hydrophilic compared with untreated PCL nanofibers which were highly hydrophobic and nonabsorbent to water. Differentiation of MSCs were carried out by inducing growth factors including basic fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor, and brain derived growth factor, NT3, 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (IBMX) in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 media. Differentiated MSCs on nanofibrous scaffold were examined by immunofluorescence assay and was found to express the neuronal proteins; β‐tubulin III and Map2, on day 15 after cell culture. The real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analysis showed thatp‐PCL nanofibrous scaffold could upregulate expression of Map‐2 and downregulate expression of Nestin genes in nerve cells differentiated from MSCs. This study indicates that mesenchymal stem cell cultured on nanofibrous scaffold have potential differentiation to neuronal cells on and could apply in nerve tissue repair. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1875–1881, 2015.
Focal Adhesion Kinase Knockdown in Carcinoma‐Associated Fibroblasts Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastasis via Downregulating MCP‐1/CCL2 Expression
Authors: Min Anjie , Zhu Chao , Wang Jingyi , Peng Shuping , Shuai Cijun , Gao Shan , Tang Zhangui , Su Tong 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCarcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been demonstrated to play an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of CAFs on OSCC cells and to explore the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in this process. The results showed that oral CAFs expressed a higher level of FAK than normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs), and the conditioned medium (CM) of CAFs could induce the invasion and migration of SCC‐25, one oral squamous carcinoma cell line. However, knockdown of FAK by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in inhibition of CAF–CM induced cell invasion and migration in SCC‐25, probably by reducing the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1/CCL2), one of downstream target chemokines. Therefore, our findings indicated that targeting FAK in CAFs might be a promising strategy for the treatment of OSCC in the future.
Application of the Stabilized Koopmans’ Theorem to the Temporary Anion States of Chlorosilanes in Long‐Range Corrected Density Functional Theory
Authors: Cheng Hsiu‐Yao , Huang Yu‐Shiuan , Huang Pin‐Qi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe stabilized Koopmans’ theorem (SKT) is very successful in predicting relative vertical electron attachment energies in the Hartree‐Fock theory. It is mainly accomplished by systematically scaling the most diffuse functions in the basis set. Recently, the SKT has been extended to the temporary anion states (TASs) of polyatomic molecules in the long‐range corrected density functional theory. In this paper, this method will be further applied to chlorosilanes for their importance in the chemical processes of the semiconductor industry. Their resonance energies and lifetimes are determined by computing the density of resonance states via SKT. The detailed characteristics of resonance orbitals are then analyzed. It turns out that the lowest unfilled orbitals of chlorosilanes are essentially σ*Si‐Cl in character. Moreover, several TASs with strong Si/Cl “d” character have been identified. These results, definitely, will help us in understanding the peculiar bonding and chemical properties of chlorosilanes.
IR, Raman, and Surface‐enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Study on Triruthenium Dipyridylamide Diruthenium Nickel Dipyridylamide Family: Metal‐metal Bonding and Structures
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Chun , Ho Kuan‐Yi , Chen a I‐Chia , Hua Shao‐An , Cheng Ming‐Chuan , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report the infrared, Raman, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of triruthenium dipyridylamido complexes and of diruthenium mixed nickel metal‐string complexes. From the results of analysis on the vibrational modes, we assigned their vibrational frequencies and structures. The infrared band at 323–326 cm−1 is assigned to the Ru3 asymmetric stretching mode for [Ru3(dpa)4Cl2]0–2+. In these complexes we observed no Raman band corresponding to the Ru3 symmetric stretching mode although this mode is expected to have substantial Raman intensity. There is no frequency shift in the Ru3 asymmetric stretching modes for the complexes with varied oxidational states. No splitting in Raman spectra for the pyridyl breathing line indicates similar bonding environment for both pyridyls in dpa– , thus a delocalized structure in the [Ru3]6–8+ unit is proposed. For Ru3(dpa)4(CN)2 complex series, we assign the infrared band at 302 cm−1 to the Ru3 asymmetric stretching mode and the weak Raman line at 285 cm−1 to the Ru3 symmetric stretching. Coordination to the strong axial ligand CN– weakens the Ru‐Ru bonding. For the diruthenium nickel complex [Ru2Ni(dpa)4Cl2]0–1+, the diruthenium stretching mode νRu‐Ru is assigned to the intense band at 327 and 333 cm−1 in the Raman spectra for the neutral and oxidized forms, respectively. This implies a strong Ru‐Ru metal‐metal bonding.
Some New Infinite Classes of Candelabra Quadruple Systems
Authors: Zhang Shaopu , Ji Lijun , Song Guojie 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCandelabra quadruple systems (CQS) were first introduced by Hanani who used them to determine the existence of Steiner quadruple systems. In this paper, a new method has been developed by constructing partial candelabra quadruple systems with odd group size, which is a generalization of the even cases, to complete a design. New results of candelabra quadruple systems have been obtained, i.e. we show that for any , there exists a CQS for all , and .
Role of Acinus in Regulating Retinoic Acid‐Responsive Gene Pre‐mRNA Splicing
Authors: Wang Fang , Soprano Kenneth J. , Soprano Dianne Robert 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAcinus‐S’ is a corepressor for retinoic acid receptor (RAR)‐dependent gene transcription and has been suggested to be involved in RNA processing. In this study, the role of Acinus isoforms in regulating pre‐mRNA splicing was explored using in vivo splicing assays. Both Acinus‐L and Acinus‐S’, with the activity of Acinus‐L higher than that of Acinus‐S’, increase the splicing of a retinoic acid (RA)‐responsive minigene containing a weak 5′ splice site but not a RA‐responsive minigene containing a strong 5′ splice site. RA treatment further enhances the splicing of the weak 5′ splice site by Acinus in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, suggesting a RA‐dependent activity in addition to a RA‐independent activity of Acinus. The RA‐independent effect of Acinus occurs to varying degrees using minigene constructs containing several different promoters, while the RA‐dependent splicing activity of Acinus is specific for transcripts derived from the minigene driven by a RA response element (RARE)‐containing promoter. This suggests that the ligand‐dependent splicing activity of Acinus is related to the RA‐activated RAR bound to the RARE. The RRM domain is necessary for the RA‐dependent splicing activity of Acinus and the RA‐independent splicing activity of Acinus is repressed by RNPS1. Importantly, measurement of the splicing of endogenous human RARβ and Bcl‐x in vivo demonstrates that Acinus stimulates the use of the weaker alternative 5′ splice site of these two genes in a RA‐dependent manner for RARβ and a RA‐independent manner for Bcl‐x. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Acinus functions in both RAR‐dependent splicing and RAR‐dependent transcription. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 791–801, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The contribution of tropical cyclones to rainfall in northwest Australia
Authors: Ng Benjamin , Walsh Kevin , Lavender Sally 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTNorthwest Australian rain gauge data is analysed to obtain new estimates of the fraction of rainfall caused by tropical cyclones (TCs), in one of the regions of the globe where this fraction is greatest. For annual rainfall, at some coastal stations more than 40% of rainfall arises from TCs. There is substantial seasonal variation in this fraction, with largest fractions occurring in the October through December period, where some stations have more than 70% of rainfall from TCs. There is a sharp gradient in this percentage away from the coastline, with inland values typically less than 30%. With the exception of a narrow coastal region in the tropics, changes in TC rainfall cannot explain recent rainfall trends in this region, with only a small number of locations exhibiting agreement between trends in total rainfall and trends in TC rainfall.