bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
bauma 2013 – Entwicklungen und Trends auf dem Gebiet der Gewinnungstechnik
Authors: Nienhaus Karl , Hahn Martin , Zingsheim Moritz , Röllinger Dennis 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVom 15. bis 21. April 2013 fand in München die bauma 2013, Internationale Fachmesse für Baumaschinen, Baustoffmaschinen, Bergbaumaschinen, Baufahrzeuge und Baugeräte, zum 30. Mal statt. Über 3.300 Aussteller präsentieren auf einer erweiterten Ausstellungsfläche von 570.000 m2 neue und bewährte Produkte der internationalen Bau‐, Baustoff‐ und Bergbaumaschinenindustrie. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht zu den neuesten Entwicklungen und Trends aus den Bereichen der untertägigen Gewinnungstechnik, des Tunnelbaus sowie des Tagebaus
Joint inventory and pricing decisions for perishable products with two‐period lifetime
Authors: Chen Li‐Ming , Sapra Amar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe consider a periodic review model over a finite horizon for a perishable product with fixed lifetime equal to two review periods. The excess demand in a period is backlogged. The optimal replenishment and demand management (using price) decisions for such a product depend on the relative order of consumption of fresh and old units. We obtain insights on the structure of these decisions when the order of consumption is first‐in, first‐out and last‐in, first‐out. For the FIFO system, we also obtain bounds on both the optimal replenishment quantity as well as expected demand. We compare the FIFO system to two widely analyzed inventory systems that correspond to nonperishable and one‐period lifetime products to understand if demand management would modify our understanding of the relationship among the three systems. In a counterintuitive result, we find that it is more likely that bigger orders are placed in the FIFO system than for a nonperishable product when demand is managed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile with 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl acrylate for dielectric materials: Structure and characterization
Authors: Atlas Salima , Raihane Mustapha , Hult Anders , Malkoch Michael , Lahcini Mohammed , Ameduri Bruno 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRadical copolymerization based on acrylonitrile (AN) and 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl acrylate (ATRIF) initited by AIBN was investigated in acetonitrile solution. The resulting poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR and IR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Their compositions were assessed by 1H NMR. The kinetics of radical copolymerization of AN with ATRIF was investigated from sereval experiments achieved at 70 °C from initial [AN]0/[ATRIF]0 molar ratios ranging between 20/80 and 80/20 and was enabled to determine the reactivity ratios of both comonomers. From the monomer—polymer copolymerization curve, the Fineman–Ross and Kelen–Tüdos laws enabled to assess the reactivity ratios (rAN= r1 = 1.25 ± 0.04 and rATRIF = r2 = 0.93 ± 0.05 at 70 °C) while the revised patterns scheme led to r12 = rAN = 1.03, and r21 = rATRIF = 0.78 at 70 °C. In all cases, rAN x rATRIF product was close to unity, which indicates that poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers exhibit a random structure. This was also confirmed by the Igarashi's and Pyun's laws which revealed the presence of AN‐ATRIF, AN‐AN, and ATRIF‐ATRIF dyads. The Q and e values for ATRIF were also assessed (Q2 = 0.62 and e2 = 0.93). The glass transition temperature values, Tg, of these copolymers increased from 17 to 61 °C as the molar percentage of ATRIF decreased from 77 to 16% in the copolymer. Thermogravimetry analysis of poly(AN‐co‐ATRIF) copolymers showed a good thermal stability compared to that of poly(ATRIF) homopolymer due to incorporation of AN comonomer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3856–3866
High‐performance In–Zn–O thin‐film transistors with a soluble processed ZrO2 gate insulator
Authors: Son Byeong‐Geun , Je So Yeon , Kim Hyo Jin , Lee Chul‐Kyu , Lee Chang‐Kyu , Hwang Ah Young , Won Ju Yeon , Song Ji Hun , Choi Rino , Jeong Jae Kyeong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSpin‐coated zirconium oxide films were used as a gate dielectric for low‐voltage, high performance indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The ZrO2 films annealed at 400 °C showed a low gate leakage current density of 2 × 10–8 A/cm2 at an electric field of 2 MV/cm. This was attributed to the low impurity content and high crystalline quality. Therefore, the IZO TFTs with a soluble ZrO2 gate insulator exhibited a high field effect mobility of 23.4 cm2/V s, excellent subthreshold gate swing of 70 mV/decade and a reasonable Ion/off ratio of ∼106. These TFTs operated at low voltages (∼3.0 V) and showed high drain current drive capability, enabling oxide TFTs with a soluble processed high‐k dielectric for use in backplane electronics for low‐power mobile display applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the interface equation for the inversion of balance equations
Authors: Ren Shuzhan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBalance equations (BEs) which describe the balance constraints among balanced variables have wide applications in data assimilation and diagnosing balanced motions. In the applications an additional equation serving as an interface to connect the balanced variables and full ﬁelds (data assimilation analyses or ﬁelds of primitive equations) is required for the inversion of BEs to obtain the balanced variables.The interface equation is often constructed through the potential vorticity (PV) based on the argument that PV of the full ﬁelds should be preserved in the balanced motion. However, it is not clear that for the given balance constraints this prescribed PV‐based interface equation can lead to the optimal solutions for the BEs.To search for the interface equation which can produce the optimal solutions for the BEs under given balance constraints, the variational approach is proposed to derive instead of ‘prescribing’ the interface equation by minimizing an energy‐like norm under both geostrophic and Charney balance constraints. The derived interface equations are compared against the PV‐based interface equation for the two‐dimensional (2D) shallow‐water model and three‐dimensional (3D) baroclinic system. Analytical results show that the two kinds of interface equation are diﬀerent in general but are close when the Rossby number and the departure of geopotential/temperature from its reference value are small. The accuracy associated with the derived interface equation is examined by comparing the balanced variables obtained by inverting the BEs with the derived and PV‐based interface equations numerically in a hemisphere shallow‐water system. The results show that under the same balance constraint the derived interface equation leads to better global accuracy of balanced variables.
Surface‐Layer Lattices as Patterning Element for Multimeric Extremozymes
Authors: Ferner‐Ortner‐Bleckmann Judith , Gelbmann Nicola , Tesarz Manfred , Egelseer Eva M. , Sleytr Uwe B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA promising new approach for the production of biocatalysts comprises the use of surface‐layer (S‐layer) lattices that present functional multimeric enzymes on their surface, thereby guaranteeing most accurate spatial distribution and orientation, as well as maximal effectiveness and stability of these enzymes. For proof of concept, a tetrameric and a trimeric extremozyme are chosen for the construction of S‐layer/extremozyme fusion proteins. By using a flexible peptide linker, either one monomer of the tetrameric xylose isomerase XylA from the thermophilic Thermoanaerobacterium strain JW/SL‐YS 489 or, in another approach, one monomer of the trimeric carbonic anhydrase from the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila are genetically linked to one monomer of the S‐layer protein SbpA of Lysinibacillus sphaericus CCM 2177. After isolation and purification, the self‐assembly properties of both S‐layer fusion proteins as well as the specific activity of the fused enzymes are confirmed, thus indicating that the S‐layer protein moiety does not influence the nature of the multimeric enzymes and vice versa. By recrystallization of the S‐layer/extremozyme fusion proteins on solid supports, the active enzyme multimers are exposed on the surface of the square S‐layer lattice with 13.1 nm spacing.
Design Considerations for Semiconductor Nanowire–Plasmonic Nanoparticle Coupled Systems for High Quantum Efficiency Nanowires
Authors: Mokkapati Sudha , Saxena Dhruv , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe optimal geometries for reducing the radiative recombination lifetime and thus enhancing the quantum efficiency of III–V semiconductor nanowires by coupling them to plasmonic nanoparticles are established. The quantum efficiency enhancement factor due to coupling to plasmonic nanoparticles reduces as the initial quality of the nanowire increases. Significant quantum efficiency enhancement is observed for semiconductors only within about 15 nm from the nanoparticle. It is also identified that the modes responsible for resonant enhancement in the quantum efficiency of an emitter in the nanowire are geometric resonances of surface plasmon polariton modes supported at the nanowire/nanoparticle interface.
Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Two Zinc(II) Coordination Compounds with a β‐Diketonate Derivative Ligand
Authors: Zhang Hong‐Na , Wang Jin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Yuan Fei , Song Juan , Xue Gang‐Lin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe β‐diketonate derivative ligand [H2L = 6‐(3‐hydroxy‐1‐oxo‐3‐pyrryl‐2‐propen‐1‐yl)‐2‐pyridinecarboxylic acid] and its zinc(II) coordination complexes, [Zn(H2L)Cl2]·(EtOH)(H2O) (1) and [Zn4(L)4(H2O)2]·5H2O (2), were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 is a mononuclear structure. Complex 2 is a [2 × 2] grid tetranuclear structure. The luminescent properties of the free ligand H2L and complexes 1 and 2 in methanol solution were studied.
Improving biobutanol production in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae by manipulation of acetyl-CoA metabolism
Authors: Krivoruchko Anastasia , Serrano-Amatriain Cristina , Chen Yun , Siewers Verena , Nielsen Jens 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Recently, butanols (1-butanol, 2-butanol and iso-butanol) have generated attention as alternative gasoline additives. Butanols have several properties favorable in comparison to ethanol, and strong interest therefore exists in the reconstruction of the 1-butanol pathway in commonly used industrial microorganisms. In the present study, the biosynthetic pathway for 1-butanol production was reconstructed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition to introducing heterologous enzymes for butanol production, we engineered yeast to have increased flux toward cytosolic acetyl-CoA, the precursor metabolite for 1-butanol biosynthesis. This was done through introduction of a plasmid-containing genes for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALD6), acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ERG10), as well as the use of strains containing deletions in the malate synthase (MLS1) or citrate synthase (CIT2) genes. Our results show a trend to increased butanol production in strains engineered for increased cytosolic acetyl-CoA levels, with the best-producing strains having maximal butanol titers of 16.3 mg/l. This represents a 6.5-fold improvement in butanol titers compared to previous values reported for yeast and demonstrates the importance of an improved cytosolic acetyl-CoA supply for heterologous butanol production by this organism.
Biomass production, relative competitive ability and water use efficiency of two dominant species in semiarid Loess Plateau under different water supply and fertilization treatments
Authors: Xu Bing‐Cheng , Xu Wei‐Zhou , Gao Zhi‐Juan , Wang Jing , Huang Jin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWater stress and nutrient deficiency are considered to be the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and species interaction in semiarid regions. However, less is known about the interactive effects of soil water, nitrogen and phosphorus on native species growth and relative competitive ability. A replacement series design method was used with 12 mixed plants of Bothriochloa ischaemum and Lespedeza davurica grown in a pot experiment under three water regimes and four fertility treatments. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of indices such as biomass production and allocation, relative competitive ability, aggressivity, relative yield total and water use efficiency (WUE). Water stress decreased significantly the total biomass production for each species, either in monoculture or in mixtures. N, P, or NP application can significantly improve biomass production of the two species in their mixtures. There was no obvious change trend in root/shoot ratio of B. ischaemum or L. davurica in different mixture proportions. Relative yield total (RYT) values ranged from 0.98 to 1.39. Aggressivity values of B. ischaemum to L. davurica were positive in all water regimes and fertilizations, implying that B. ischaemum was the dominant species. Relative competition intensity values of B. ischaemum (i.e., RCIB) were less than zero, while greater than zero for L. davurica (i.e., RCIL), indicating that the effects of intraspecific competition with L. davurica were stronger for B. ischaemum, and the opposite for L. davurica. WUE increased gradually as the proportion of B. ischaemum increased in mixtures, and a 10:2 B. ischaemum:L. davurica mixture proportion had significantly higher WUE. Results suggest that it is advantageous to grow the two species together to maximize biomass production and the recommended mixture ratio was 10:2 of B. ischaemum to L. davurica because it gave higher RYT and significantly higher WUE under conditions of water deficit.
Synthesis of Bio‐based Polyurethane from Modified Prosopis juliflora Oil
Authors: Tathe Dipak S. , Jagtap Ramanand N. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStudies on the epoxidation of Prosopis juliflora seed oil were carried out to evaluate the optimum level of oxirane formation. On optimization of epoxidation of Prosopis juliflora oil (PJO), it was observed that at 60 °C and the mole ratio of double bond to the hydrogen peroxide to the acetic acid was 1:1.1:0.5 and at 2 wt% catalyst loading gave the maximum oxirane conversion. Further, epoxidized Prosopis juliflora oil (EPJO) was reacted with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. Aminopropyltrimethoxysilanated Prosopis juliflora oil (ASPJO) was used as a polyol and was allowed to react with varying concentrations of isophorone diisocyanate resulting in polyurethane. The polyurethane films biodegradability was studied using phosphate buffer and proteinase K. The epoxidized oil was characterized by its epoxy value and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Similarly, ASPJO was characterized by its amine value, FT‐IR and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. Whereas the polyurethane coating was characterized by gel content, FT‐IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopic analysis and also evaluated for its chemical resistance, optical and mechanical properties.
Influence of synovia constituents on tribological behaviors of articular cartilage
Authors: Murakami Teruo , Yarimitsu Seido , Nakashima Kazuhiro , Sawae Yoshinori , Sakai Nobuo 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The extremely low friction and minimal wear in natural synovial joints appear to be established by effective lubrication mechanisms based on appropriate combination of articular cartilage and synovial fluid. The complex structure of cartilage composed of collagen and proteoglycan with high water content contributes to high load-carrying capacity as biphasic materials and the various constituents of synovial fluid play important roles in various lubrication mechanisms. However, the detailed differences in functions of the intact and damaged cartilage tissues, and the interaction or synergistic action of synovia constituents with articular cartilage have not yet been clarified. In this study, to examine the roles of synovia constituents and the importance of cartilage surface conditions, the changes in friction were observed in the reciprocating tests of intact and damaged articular cartilage specimens against glass plate lubricated with lubricants containing phospholipid, protein and/or hyaluronic acid as main constituents in synovial fluid. The effectiveness of lubricant constituents and the influence of cartilage surface conditions on friction are discussed. In addition, the protectiveness by synovia constituents for intact articular cartilage surfaces is evaluated.
Recent advances in gecko adhesion and friction mechanisms and development of gecko-inspired dry adhesive surfaces
Authors: Zhou Ming , Pesika Noshir , Zeng Hongbo , Tian Yu , Israelachvili Jacob 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe remarkable ability of geckos to climb and run rapidly on walls and ceilings has recently received considerable interest from many researchers. Significant progress has been made in understanding the attachment and detachment mechanisms and the fabrication of articulated gecko-inspired adhesives and structured surfaces. This article reviews the direct experiments that have investigated the properties of gecko hierarchical structures, i.e., the feet, toes, setae, and spatulae, and the corresponding models to ascertain the mechanical principles involved. Included in this review are reports on gecko-inspired surfaces and structures with strong adhesion forces, high ratios of adhesion and friction forces, anisotropic hierarchical structures that give rise to directional adhesion and friction, and “intelligent” attachment and detachment motions.
Green tribology: Fundamentals and future development
Authors: Zhang Si-wei 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
As green tribology is a new field of tribology still in its infancy, understanding its fundamentals is essential for its further development. In this article, a brief historical retrospective on the emergence of green tribology is introduced first, and then the definition, objectives, and disciplinary features of green tribology are clarified. In particular, the technological connotations of green tribology are expounded comprehensively. Also, the developing directions of this new area are envisaged. These findings may contribute to laying the foundation of further advancement in green tribology.
Potential hydrodynamic origin of frictional transients in sliding mesothelial tissues
Authors: Loring Stephen H. , Butler James P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSteady-state and transient variations in frictional force observed in tribological experiments of mesothelial tissues sliding in lubricant were analyzed with a mathematical model to test the hypothesis that such phenomena are manifestations of elastohydrodynamic lubrication and, importantly, do not require physical contact between the sliding surfaces. The model incorporates three phenomena characteristic of elastohydrodynamic lubrication: thinning of the liquid layer between sliding surfaces under a normal load (“squeeze-out”), thickening of the liquid layer due to hydrodynamic pumping, and smoothing of the elastic surfaces caused by hydrodynamic pressure gradients. Observations in soft mesothelial tissues sliding in lubricant showed variations in steady state friction with velocity, load, and lubricant viscosity. In non-steady sliding, the decay rate of frictional transients at the start of rotation varied with velocity, the amplitudes of these transients varied with the preceding periods without rotation, and frictional force varied during sinusoidal sliding. Model simulations were qualitatively similar to experimental results, supporting these mechanisms. Higher lubricant viscosity increased lubricating layer thickness and lowered friction at low speeds and increased friction at high speeds, supporting hydrodynamic pumping. We conclude that the frictional variations seen with sliding mesothelial tissues are consistent with elastohydrodynamic lubrication without contact between the sliding surfaces.
Damage due to rolling in total knee replacement—The influence of tractive force
Authors: Wimmer Markus A. , Birken Lars , Sellenschloh Kay , Schneider Erich 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe femoral condyles of a knee prosthesis articulate with a combination of rolling and sliding on the tibial polyethylene plateau. Little is known about potential polyethylene damage due to rolling motion. Since rolling does not exclude the presence of tangential surface loads, this study sought to investigate the influence of tractive rolling on the wear of polyethylene. A “wheel-on-flat” apparatus, consisting of a metal wheel and a polyethylene flat, mimicked contact conditions present in total knee replacement. An increasingly tractive force under conditions of pure rolling was applied. It was found that under rolling kinematics a tangential surface load of up to 17% of the normal load could be transferred through the contact. Surface damage was dependent on the amount of tractive force and appeared more severe with higher forces. In the region of highest tractive force, wear features were identified that resembled perpendicular ridges on surfaces of retrieved tibial polyethylene devices. This suggests that tractive rolling may be a relevant wear mode in total knee replacement.
Skin tribology: Science friction?
Authors: Van Der Heide E. , Zeng X. , Masen M. A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The application of tribological knowledge is not just restricted to optimizing mechanical and chemical engineering problems. In fact, effective solutions to friction and wear related questions can be found in our everyday life. An important part is related to skin tribology, as the human skin is frequently one of the interacting surfaces in relative motion. People seem to solve these problems related to skin friction based upon a trial-and-error strategy and based upon on our sense for touch. The question of course rises whether or not a trained tribologist would make different choices based upon a science based strategy? In other words: Is skin friction part of the larger knowledge base that has been generated during the last decades by tribology research groups and which could be referred to as Science Friction? This paper discusses the specific nature of tribological systems that include the human skin and argues that the living nature of skin limits the use of conventional methods. Skin tribology requires in vivo, subject and anatomical location specific test methods. Current predictive friction models can only partially be applied to predict in vivo skin friction. The reason for this is found in limited understanding of the contact mechanics at the asperity level of product-skin interactions. A recently developed model gives the building blocks for enhanced understanding of friction at the micro scale. Only largely simplified power law based equations are currently available as general engineering tools. Finally, the need for friction control is illustrated by elaborating on the role of skin friction on discomfort and comfort. Surface texturing and polymer brush coatings are promising directions as they provide way and means to tailor friction in sliding contacts without the need of major changes to the product.