bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of retinal tear or detachment with oral fluoroquinolone use: a cohort study
Authors: Eftekhari Kian , Ghodasra Devon H. , Haynes Kevin , Chen Jinbo , Kempen John H. , VanderBeek Brian L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study is to determine if oral fluoroquinolone exposure is associated with an increased hazard for having a retinal tear or detachment.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using individuals who met inclusion criteria from The Health Improvement Network database. Cohorts were created for individuals who had a prescription written for either an oral fluoroquinolone or an oral β‐lactam antibiotic (comparison group). Subjects were excluded if they had a previous diagnosis of a retinal tear or detachment (hereafter retinal break (RB)), or a procedure code to treat an RB, where in the practice for less than 365 days, had a previous prescription for either antibiotic within 365 days of the index date or had intraocular surgery or a diagnosis of endophthalmitis within 90 days prior to the antibiotic prescription. Covariates of interest were age, gender, diabetes, and year of index. The primary outcome measure of interest was the hazard ratio (HR) of undergoing a procedure to treat an RB within 7, 30, 90, or 365 days after exposure to an oral fluoroquinolone prescription versus an oral β‐lactam prescription.ResultsAfter exclusions, 6 604 423 prescriptions (290 393 fluoroquinolone; 6 314 030 β‐lactam) from 3 413 498 patients (247 073 fluoroquinolone; 3 303 641 β‐lactam) and 2685 RB procedures were eligible for analysis (661 retinal tears and 2024 retinal detachments). For fluoroquinolones, 0, 1, 5, and 23 RBs occurred at the 7‐, 30‐, 90‐, and 365‐day time points, respectively. For β‐lactam prescriptions, 7, 28, 87, and 373 RBs occurred at the 7‐, 30‐, 90‐, and 365‐day time points, respectively. Because of zero events occurring in the fluoroquinolone cohort during the 7‐day observation period, an unadjusted or an adjusted HR (and subsequent p‐value or confidence intervals) was unable to be calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that fluoroquinolones were not significantly associated with RB in the 30‐, 90‐, or 365‐day observation periods (30‐day HR = 0.78, p = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.11, 5.71; 90‐day HR = 1.25, p = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.51, 3.08; and 365‐day HR = 1.35, p = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.89, 2.06).ConclusionsOur results do not support an association between oral fluoroquinolone use and subsequent procedures to treat an RB. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of perimeter recombination in the subcells of GaInP/GaAs/Ge triple‐junction solar cells
Authors: Espinet‐González P. , Rey‐Stolle I. , Ochoa M. , Algora C. , García I. , Barrigón E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper studies the recombination at the perimeter in the subcells that constitute a GaInP/GaAs/Ge lattice‐matched triple‐junction solar cell. For that, diodes of different sizes and consequently different perimeter/area ratios have been manufactured in single‐junction solar cells resembling the subcells in a triple‐junction solar cell. It has been found that neither in GaInP nor in Ge solar cells the recombination at the perimeter is significant in devices as small as 500 μm × 500μm(2.5 ⋅ 10 − 3 cm2) in GaInP and 250μm  × 250μm (6.25 ⋅ 10 − 4cm2) in Ge. However, in GaAs, the recombination at the perimeter is not negligible at low voltages even in devices as large as 1cm2, and it is the main limiting recombination factor in the open circuit voltage even at high concentrations in solar cells of 250 μm  × 250μm (6.25 ⋅ 10 − 4 cm2) or smaller. Therefore, the recombination at the perimeter in GaAs should be taken into account when optimizing triple‐junction solar cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of highly fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s based on AB‐type monomers
Authors: Li Xiuhua , Gao Yan , Long Qiang , Hay Allan S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFour different fluorinated methyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2‐(pentafluorophenyl)‐phthalazin‐1(2H)‐ones, AB‐type phthalazinone monomers, have been successfully synthesized by nucleophilic addition–elimination reactions of methyl‐ and phenyl‐substituted 2‐((4‐hydroxy)benzoyl)benzoic acid with 1‐(pentafluorophenyl)hydrazine. Under mild reaction conditions, the AB‐type monomers underwent self‐condensation polymerization reactions successfully and gave fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s with high molecular weights. Detailed structural characterization of the AB‐type monomers and fluorinated polymers was determined by 1H NMR, 19F NMR, FTIR, and GPC. The solubility, thermal properties, mechanical properties, water contact angles, and optical absorption of the polymers were evaluated. The polymers had high Tgs varying from 337 to 349 °C and decomposition temperatures (Td, 25 wt %) above 409 °C. Tough, flexible films were cast from THF and chloroform solutions. The films showed excellent tensile strengths ranging from 70 to 85 MPa with good hydrophobicities with water contact angles higher than 95.5 °C. The polymers had absorption edges below 340 nm and very low absorbance per cm at higher wavelengths 500–2500 nm. These results indicate that the polymers are promising as high performance materials, for example, membranes and hydrophobic materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1761–1770
High‐performance field‐effect transistors based on furan‐containing diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymer under a mild annealing temperature
Authors: Chen Huajie , Guo Yunlong , Mao Zupan , Gao Dong , Yu Gui 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTTwo furan‐flanked polymers poly{3,6‐difuran‐2‐yl‐2,5‐di(2‐octyldodecyl)‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione‐alt‐thienylenevinylene} (PDVFs), with a highly π‐extended diketopyrrolopyrrole backbone, are developed for solution‐processed high‐performance polymer field‐effect transistors (FETs). Atomic force microscopy and grazing incidence X‐ray scattering analyses indicate that PDVF‐8 and PDVF‐10 films exhibit a similar nodular morphology with the ultrasmall lamellar distances of 16.84 and 18.98 Å, respectively. When compared with the reported polymers with the same alkyl substitutes, this is the smallest d‐spacing value observed to date. This closed lamellar crystallinity facilitates charge carrier transport. Therefore, polymer thin‐film transistors fabricated from as‐spun PDVF‐8 films exhibit a high hole mobility exceeding 1.0 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a current on/off ratio above 106. After annealing treatment at 100 °C in air, the highest hole mobility of PDVF‐8‐based FETs was significantly improved to 1.90 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is among the highest values of the reported FET devices fabricated from polymer thin films based on this mild annealing temperature. In contrast, long alkyl‐substituted PDVF‐10 exhibited a relatively low hole mobility of 1.65 cm2 V−1 s−1 mainly resulting from low molecular weight. This work demonstrated that PDVFs would be promising semiconductors for developing cost‐effective and large‐scale production of flexible organic electronics. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1970–1977
Interactions of Serum Derived Proteins with Sub‐Micrometer Structured Surfaces
Authors: Pérez‐Roldan Maria Jesús , Parracino Antonietta , Ceccone Giacomo , Colpo Pascal , Rossi François 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis work presents the development and optimization of two fabrication methods that combine plasma polymerization and electron beam lithography techniques for producing chemical patterns at the sub‐micro scale. The first method uses sacrificial resist as mask to produce the functionalization of the bioadhesive areas and the second method consists in the direct EBL writing of adhesive regions on a non‐adhesive plasma deposited PEO‐like film. The produced patterned surfaces exhibit high binding capacity as tested by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging with Human Serum Albumin. Furthermore, we show that adsorption on the structured surfaces is similar to that observed on a flat surface with a direct proportionality to the active area. This work shows the efficiency and suitability of the developed chemical patterning techniques and their high potential applicability for the study of protein surface interactions and miniaturized biosensing device development.
Holographic RG flow and the quantum effective action
Authors: Kiritsis E. , Li W. , Nitti F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe calculation of the full (renormalized) holographic action is undertaken in general Einstein‐scalar theories. The appropriate formalism is developed and the renormalized effective action is calculated up to two derivatives in the metric and scalar operators. The holographic RG equations involve a generalized Ricci flow for the space‐time metric as well as the standard β‐function flow for scalar operators. Several examples are analyzed and the effective action is calculated. A set of conserved quantities of the holographic flow is found, whose interpretation is not yet understood.
Identification of metabolic pathways and enzyme systems involved in the in vitro human hepatic metabolism of dronedarone, a potent new oral antiarrhythmic drug
Authors: Klieber Sylvie , Arabeyre‐Fabre Catherine , Moliner Patricia , Marti Eric , Mandray Martine , Ngo Robert , Ollier Céline , Brun Priscilla , Fabre Gérard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe in vitro metabolism of dronedarone and its major metabolites has been studied in human liver microsomes and cryopreserved hepatocytes in primary culture through the use of specific or total cytochrome P450 (CYP) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The identification of the main metabolites and enzymes participating in their metabolism was also elucidated by using rhCYP, rhMAO, flavin monooxygenases (rhFMO) and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (rhUGT) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS‐MS) analysis. Dronedarone was extensively metabolized in human hepatocytes with a metabolic clearance being almost completely inhibited (98 ± 2%) by 1‐aminobenzotriazole. Ketoconazole also inhibited dronedarone metabolism by 89 ± 7%, demonstrating the crucial role of CYP3A in its metabolism. CYP3A isoforms mostly contributed to N‐debutylation while hydroxylation on the butyl‐benzofuran moiety was catalyzed by CYP2D6. However, hydroxylation on the dibutylamine moiety did not appear to be CYP‐dependent. N‐debutyl‐dronedarone was less rapidly metabolized than dronedarone, the major metabolic pathway being catalyzed by MAO‐A to form propanoic acid‐dronedarone and phenol‐dronedarone. Propanoic acid‐dronedarone was metabolized at a similar rate to that of N‐debutyl‐dronedarone and was predominantly hydroxylated by CYP2C8 and CYP1A1. Phenol‐dronedarone was extensively glucuronidated while C‐dealkyl‐dronedarone was metabolized at a slow rate. The evaluation of the systemic clearance of each metabolic process together with the identification of both the major metabolites and predominant enzyme systems and isoforms involved in the formation and subsequent metabolism of these metabolites has enhanced the overall understanding of metabolism of dronedarone in humans.
Improved high‐temperature switching characteristics of Y2O3/TiOx resistive memory through carrier depletion effect
Authors: Zheng Zhi‐Wei , Hsu Hsiao‐Hsuan , Cheng Chun‐Hu , Chen Po‐Chun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe report a stacked Y2O3/TiOx resistive random access memory (RRAM) device, showing good high‐temperature switching characteristics of extremely low reset current of 1 μA at 150 °C, large off/on resistance window (>200) at 150 °C, large rectification ratio of ∼300 at 150 °C and good current distribution at 85 °C. The good rectifying property, lower high‐temperature sneak current and tighter high‐temperature current distribution can be attributed to the combined results of the oxygen vacancies in TiOx and the related carrier depletion effect.magnified image(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity of perfluorododecanoic acid in rats
Authors: Kato Hina , Fujii Sakiko , Takahashi Mika , Matsumoto Mariko , Hirata‐Koizumi Mutsuko , Ono Atsushi , Hirose Akihiko 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPerfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are a series of environmental contaminants that have received attention because of their possible adverse effects on wildlife and human health. Although many toxicological studies have been performed on perfluorooctanoic acid with carbon chain length C8, available toxicity data on PFCAs with longer chains are still insufficient to evaluate their hazard. A combined repeated dose and reproductive/developmental toxicity screening study for perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA; C12) was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 422 to fill these toxicity data gaps. PFDoA was administered by gavage to male and female rats at 0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 mg/kg/day. The administration of PFDoA at 0.5 and 2.5 mg/kg/day for 42–47 days mainly affected the liver, in which hypertrophy, necrosis, and inflammatory cholestasis were noted. Body weight gain was markedly inhibited in the 2.5 mg/kg/day group, and a decrease in hematopoiesis in the bone marrow and atrophic changes in the spleen, thymus, and adrenal gland were also observed. Regarding reproductive/developmental toxicity, various histopathological changes, including decreased spermatid and spermatozoa counts, were observed in the male reproductive organs, while continuous diestrous was observed in the females of the 2.5 mg/kg/day group. Seven of twelve females receiving 2.5 mg/kg/day died during late pregnancy while four other females in this group did not deliver live pups. No reproductive or developmental parameters changed at 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg/day. Based on these results, the NOAELs of PFDoA were concluded to be 0.1 mg/kg/day for repeated dose toxicity and 0.5 mg/kg/day for reproductive/developmental toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 1244–1263, 2015.
Potential Uses of Absorbable Fibrin Adhesive Bandage for Genitourinary Trauma
Authors: Anema John G. , Morey Allen F. , Harris Richard , MacPhee Martin , Cornum Rhonda L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFibrin sealants have become increasingly popular in nearly all surgical specialties. The absorbable fibrin adhesive bandage (AFAB) is a novel, potentially revolutionary product made from dried fibrinogen and thrombin. The AFAB appears to have excellent efficacy in producing rapid hemostasis in a variety of experimental major renal trauma models. The AFAB also appears to enhance healing of the urinary collecting system. Further study is essential to explore new urologic applications of this exciting technology.
Resection of Noncolorectal and Nonneuroendocrine Liver Metastases: Late Metastases Are the Only Chance of Cure
Authors: Laurent Christophe , Rullier Eric , Feyler Anne , Masson Bernard , Saric Jean 
Published: April 2014

AbstractResection of liver colorectal metastases allows a 5‐year survival in 25% to 35% of patients. The outcome of patients with noncolorectal metastases is unknown because of the heterogeneity of this group. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate predictive factors of survival in patients who underwent resection of noncolorectal and nonneuroendocrine (NCRNE) liver metastases. From 1980 to 1997, 284 patients underwent hepatectomy for liver metastases of whom 39 (25 men and 14 women, mean age 55 years)
had curative resection for NCRNE liver metastases. No patients had extrahepatic disease. The primary tumors were gastrointestinal (n
= 15), genitourinary (n = 12) and miscellaneous (n = 12). The mean number of metastases was 1.8, and the mean size of the lesions was
51 mm. The median disease‐free interval was 27 months. Twenty patients had a major hepatectomy and 19 a minor resection, with simultaneous resection of the primary in 6 cases. Overall survival was evaluated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. There was no operative mortality, and 8% morbidity. The survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 81,
40, and 35%, respectively. Patients with a disease‐free interval higher than 24 months had a greater survival rate than those with a disease‐free interval of less than 24 months (100% vs. 10%;
p = 0.0004). Survival was not significantly influenced by age, sex, type of primary tumor, number, size and localization of metastases, type of hepatectomy, or blood transfusion. Resection of NCRNE liver metastases should be justified for patients without extrahepatic disease and resectable metastases, especially for those who have a disease‐free interval of more than 24 months.
Pancreatic Complications in Choledochal Cyst and Their Surgical Outcomes
Authors: Komuro Hiroaki , Makino Shun‐ichi , Yasuda Yoshikazu , Ishibashi Toshimitsu , Tahara Kazunori , Nagai Hideo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFollow‐up results were analyzed to evaluate the surgical managements of pancreatic complications such as pancreatitis and protein plug formation in patients with choledochal cysts. Sixty‐two patients with choledochal cysts treated between 1976
and 1999 were reviewed. Twenty‐four were children and 38 were adults.
Fifty‐four patients showed primary cases. Cyst excision and hepaticoenterostomy were finally performed in 56 patients. Surgical sphincteroplasty or endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed to prevent recurrent protein plugs in six patients. The follow‐up period was
8.1 ± 6.1 years. Acute pancreatitis and protein plug formation was observed in 18 (33.3%) and 11 (20.4%) of 54 patients showing primary cases, respectively. Both acute pancreatitis and protein plug formation were observed more frequently in children from 1 to 15 years of age (70.6% and 41.2%, respectively) than in adults (18.6% and
12.5%, respectively). Acute pancreatitis and/or protein plug formation developed in four (57.1%) of seven patients who underwent cystenterostomy. Protein plug formation in the residual cyst after cyst excision was observed in two patients, one of whom had undergone sphincteroplasty. Diabetes mellitus due to chronic pancreatitis developed in one patient who was diagnosed late. No other pancreatitis or protein plug recurred postoperatively in this series. Our results suggested that cystenterostomy did not resolve pancreatic complications of choledochal cysts, and that surgical sphincteroplasty was ineffective in preventing the recurrent protein plug formation in the residual duct. In conclusion, complete cyst excision and an early diagnosis are necessary to prevent the development of chronic or recurrent pancreatitis after surgery.
Indigenizing CBPR: Evaluation of a Community‐Based and Participatory Research Process Implementation of theElluam Tungiinun(Towards Wellness) Program in Alaska
Authors: Rasmus Stacy M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe process that community based participatory research (CBPR) implementation takes in indigenous community contexts has serious implications for health intervention outcomes and sustainability. An evaluation of theElluam Tungiinun(Towards Wellness) Project aimed to explore the experience of a Yup'ik Alaska Native community engaged within a CBPR process and describe the effects of CBPR process implementation from an indigenous community member perspective. CBPR is acknowledged as an effective strategy for engaging American Indian and Alaska Native communities in research process, but we still know very little about the experience from a local, community member perspective. What are the perceived outcomes of participation in CBPR from a local, community member perspective? Qualitative methods were used to elicit community member perspectives of participation in a CBPR process engaged with one Yup'ik community in southwest Alaska. Results focus on community member perceptions of CBPR implementation, involvement in the process and partnership, ownership of the project with outcomes observed and perceived at the community, family and individual levels, and challenges. A discussion of findings demonstrates how ownership of the intervention arose from a translational and indigenizing process initiated by the community that was supported and enhanced through the implementation of CBPR. Community member perspectives of their participation in the research reveal important process points that stand to contribute meaningfully to implementation science for interventions developed by and for indigenous and other minority and culturally diverse peoples.
Application of random forest algorithm for studying habitat selection of colonial herons and egrets in human‐influenced landscapes
Authors: Carrasco Luis , Mashiko Miyuki , Toquenaga Yukihiko 
Published: April 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms of habitat selection is fundamental to the construction of proper conservation and management plans for many avian species. Habitat changes caused by human beings increase the landscape complexity and thus the complexity of data available for explaining species distribution. New techniques that assume no linearity and capable to extrapolate the response variables across landscapes are needed for dealing with difficult relationships between habitat variables and distribution data. We used a random forest algorithm to study breeding‐site selection of herons and egrets in a human‐influenced landscape by analyzing land use around their colonies. We analyzed the importance of each land‐use variable for different scales and its relationship to the probability of colony presence. We found that there exist two main spatial scales on which herons and egrets select their colony sites: medium scale (4 km) and large scale (10–15 km). Colonies were attracted to areas with large amounts of evergreen forests at the medium scale, whereas avoidance of high‐density urban areas was important at the large scale. Previous studies used attractive factors, mainly foraging areas, to explain bird‐colony distributions, but our study is the first to show the major importance of repellent factors at large scales. We believe that the newest non‐linear methods, such as random forests, are needed when modelling complex variable interactions when organisms are distributed in complex landscapes. These methods could help to improve the conservation plans of those species threatened by the advance of highly human‐influenced landscapes.
Influence of Processing Conditions on the Physicochemical Properties of Complex Fat Systems
Authors: Reyes‐Hernández J. , Pérez‐Martínez J. D. , Toro‐Vazquez J. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThree blends of soybean oil (SBO), coconut oil (CO), and palm stearin (PS) were crystallized at different shear rates (100 and 1,000 rpm) and processing temperatures (low and high) in a scraped surface heat exchanger. The SBO/CO/PS proportions (w/w) tested were 50/0/50 %, 33/33/33 %, and 16.7/16.7/66.6 %. The physicochemical properties of the blends were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry, texture analysis, microscopy, and the released oil (Ro) technique. The blends crystallized at 100 rpm developed two endotherms, which were associated with β and co‐crystallized β′. In contrast, only the β′ polymorph was observed in blends processed at 1,000 rpm. After 28 days, the presence of β crystals and medium‐chain TAG in the blends appeared to stimulate a transition of phase from β′ to β. In general, the hardness of the blends was directly related to the concentration of PS. The systems that were crystallized at 1,000 rpm demonstrated higher hardness, adhesiveness, and crystalline stability than those crystallized at 100 rpm. At both processing temperatures investigated, the blends with the highest Ro and permeability were obtained at 1,000 rpm. These characteristics were associated with the agglomeration of saturated TAG and were promoted by the initial crystallization conditions and migration of TAG during storage. At shear rates of 1,000 rpm and a PS concentration range of 50–66.6 %, the Ro of the blends was 2–10 % with a lower solid fraction, an important signal of good stability.