bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of COVID-19 reinfection and vaccine breakthrough infection, Madera County, California, 2021
Authors: Nguyen Minhphuong , Paul Eric , Mills Paul K , Paul Simon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine efficacy has been evaluated in controlled clinical trials and serves as a benchmark for evaluating the protection acquired from prior COVID-19 infection (“natural immunity”). A cohort of persons with a prior COVID-19 infection was matched to a cohort of COVID-19 vaccinated persons, and the risk of reinfection post-COVID-19 infection was compared to the risk of a COVID-19 infection postvaccination. The hazard ratio (HR) for risk of reinfection from day 90 to 300 after initial COVID-19 infection vs vaccine breakthrough infection was 0.48, (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31-0.73). Thus from 90 to 300 days after COVID-19 infection, the post-COVID-19 infection cohort had a lower risk of COVID-19 infection compared with those fully vaccinated. The risk of death associated with the initial COVID-19 infection requisite for acquiring post-COVID-19 immunity was also assessed. The hazard ratio for deaths from all causes among those acquiring immunity via COVID-19 infection vs vaccination was 14.9 (95% CI, 7.27-30.4). Thus, while post-COVID-19 immunity was on a level comparable to that of vaccination, there was a 15-fold higher mortality resulting from achieving “natural immunity” vs acquiring vaccine-provided immunity.
Antibody profiles in the mosaic of ‘seronegative’ APS syndrome
Authors: Truglia Simona , Riitano Gloria , Mancuso Silvia , Recalchi Serena , Rapino Luca , Garufi Cristina , Manganelli Valeria , Garofalo Tina , Misasi Roberta , Alessandri Cristiano , Sorice Maurizio , Longo Agostina , Conti Fabrizio , Capozzi Antonella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Clinical manifestations, as distinct from thrombotic and obstetric morbidity, were recently included in the update of classification criteria of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, the existence of several patients with clinical manifestations suggestive of APS, but negative for criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) [anti-cardiolipin antibodies (aCL), anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2-GPI), and lupus anticoagulant] may suggest an update of diagnostic criteria. In this study, we analysed the prevalence of six non-criteria aPLs in a large monocentric cohort of patients with seronegative APS (SN-APS), to investigate their possible diagnostic role. aCL IgA, aβ2-GPI IgA, and aβ2-GPI Domain 1 antibodies were detected by chemiluminescence, anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) IgG, anti-vimentin/cardiolipin (aVim/CL) IgG, and anti-carbamylated-β2-glycoprotein I (aCarb-β2-GPI) IgG by ELISA in sera from 144 SN-APS patients. In SN-APS patients, aCL IgA was detected in 4/144 (2.77%), aβ2-GPI IgA in 2/144 (1.39%), aβ2-GPI-Domain 1 in 1/144 (0.69%), aPS/PT in 16/144 (11.11%), aVim/CL in 37/144 (25.69%), and aCarb-β2-GPI in 43/144 patients (29.86%). Patients negative for all non-criteria aPL assays were 77/144 (53.47%). Notably, the Venn diagram showed that aCarb-β2-GPI together with aVim/CL represented the prevalent combination of positive antibodies. In SN-APS patients, aCL IgA were associated with recurrent thrombosis (OR 11.48; P = 0.03); in obstetric SN-APS patients, aPS/PT were significantly associated with foetal deaths (OR 4.84; P = 0.01), aVim/CL with spontaneous abortions (OR 2.71; P = 0.016). This study indicates that aPS/PT, aVim/CL and aCarb-β2-GPI antibodies may represent useful tools to identify ‘seronegative’ APS patients, who are negative for criteria aPLs, supporting the need to make testing for non-criteria aPLs more accessible in patients with SN-APS.
The impact of metabolic syndrome on the cerebral cortex: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Pingxi , Zhang Xin , Gao Bo , Gao Yixuan , Pan Yun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Metabolic syndrome exhibits associations with diverse neurological disorders, and its potential influence on the cerebral cortex may be one of the many potential factors contributing to these adverse outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the causal relationship between metabolic syndrome and changes in cerebral cortex structure using Mendelian randomization analysis. Genome-wide association study data for the 5 components of metabolic syndrome were obtained from individuals of European descent in the UK Biobank. Genome-wide association study data for 34 known cortical functional regions were sourced from the ENIGMA Consortium. Data on Alzheimer's disease, major depression, and anxiety disorder were obtained from the IEU Open genome-wide association study database. The causal links between metabolic syndrome elements and cerebral cortex architecture were evaluated using inverse variance weighting, Mendelian randomization-Egger, and weighted median techniques, with inverse variance weighting as the primary method. Inverse variance weighting, Mendelian randomization Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods were employed to assess the relationships between metabolic syndrome and neurological diseases (Alzheimer's disease, major depression, and anxiety disorder). Outliers, heterogeneity, and pleiotropy were assessed using Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO, leave-one-out analysis, and funnel plots. Globally, no causal link was found between metabolic syndrome and overall cortical thickness or surface area. However, regionally, metabolic syndrome may influence the surface area of specific regions, including the caudal anterior cingulate, postcentral, posterior cingulate, rostral anterior cingulate, isthmus cingulate, superior parietal, rostral middle frontal, middle temporal, insula, pars opercularis, cuneus, and inferior temporal. It may also affect the thickness of the medial orbitofrontal, caudal middle frontal, paracentral, superior frontal, superior parietal, and supramarginal regions. These findings were nominally significant and withstood sensitivity analyses, showing no substantial heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Furthermore, we found an association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, major depression, and anxiety disorder. This study suggests a potential association between metabolic syndrome and changes in cerebral cortex structure, which may underlie certain neurological disorders. Furthermore, we found an association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of Alzheimer's disease, major depression, and anxiety disorder. Early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome holds significance in preventing these neurological disorders.
The role of blood purification therapies in the treatment of chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus: a systematic review
Authors: Marcello Matteo , Marturano Davide , Ronco Claudio , Zanella Monica 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease–associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common complication in dialysis patients which is not fully addressed by pharmacological and dialytic therapy. The objective was to review the literature on the effects of extracorporeal blood purification modalities on CKD-aP. The population comprised patients aged ≥18 years on chronic dialysis. PubMed, Embase, and Medline were systematically searched until February 2024 for clinical studies comparing the effect of different dialysis modalities on pruritus intensity. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Risk of bias for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Any extracorporeal blood purification therapy for the treatment of CKD-aP was included. Outcome was quantitative change in pruritus intensity on a validated itching scale. This review included eight RCTs examining five different dialysis modalities, three observational studies examining three dialysis modalities, and six prospective clinical trials assessing four dialysis modalities. These treatments included peritoneal dialysis, low-flux and high-flux dialysis, hemodiafiltration, expanded hemodialysis, hemadsorption, hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion and dialysis with polymethylmethacrylate membrane. Risk of bias was high in most studies. The largest body of evidence was found for the efficacy of hemadsorption. Limitations of evidence included heterogeneity in diagnostic tools and treatment, risk of selection bias, small sample sizes and short follow-up durations that made it challenging to perform a robust systematic review and meta-analysis. Despite the high prevalence of pruritus among dialysis patients, current evidence for efficacy of standard dialytic treatment is weak. The only technique that appears to be effective is hemoadsorption alone or coupled with hemodialysis. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm the long-term benefits.
Early coronary revascularization among ‘stable’ patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: the role of diabetes and age
Authors: Fabin Natalia , Cenko Edina , Bergami Maria , Yoon Jinsung , Vadalà Giuseppe , Mendieta Guiomar , Kedev Sasko , Kostov Jorgo , Vavlukis Marija , Vraynko Elif , Miličić Davor , Vasiljevic Zorana , Zdravkovic Marija , Badimon Lina , Galassi Alfredo R , Manfrini Olivia , Bugiardini Raffaele 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
To investigate the impact of an early coronary revascularization (&lt;24 h) compared with initial conservative strategy on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) who are in stable condition at hospital admission.

Methods and results
The International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes database was queried for a sample of diabetic and nondiabetic patients with diagnosis of NSTE-ACS. Patients with cardiac arrest, haemodynamic instability, and serious ventricular arrhythmias were excluded. The characteristics between groups were adjusted using logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighting models. Primary outcome measure was all-cause 30-day mortality. Risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were employed. Of the 7589 NSTE-ACS patients identified, 2343 were diabetics. The data show a notable reduction in mortality for the elderly (&gt;65 years) undergoing early revascularization compared to those receiving an initial conservative strategy both in the diabetic (3.3% vs. 6.7%; RR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.28–0.80) and nondiabetic patients (2.7% vs. 4.7%: RR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36–0.90). In multivariate analyses, diabetes was a strong independent predictor of mortality in the elderly (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.03–1.99), but not in the younger patients (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.53–2.06).

Conclusion
Early coronary revascularization does not lead to any survival advantage within 30 days from admission in young NSTE-ACS patients who present to hospital in stable conditions with and without diabetes. An early invasive management strategy may be best reserved for the elderly. Factors beyond revascularization are of considerable importance for outcome in elderly diabetic subjects with NSTE-ACS.

Clinical trial number
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01218776.
Simultaneous therapy with pressure-controlled intermittent coronary sinus occlusion and left ventricular support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention: a case report
Authors: Martinez Maldonado Erick D , Bastos Fernandez Guillermo , Caneiro Queija Berenice , Avila Gil Erick M , Jimenez Diaz Victor A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty and supported by the PiCSO® system have shown a modest yet significant absolute reduction in the infarcted myocardial area. However, the simultaneous use of PiCSO® and Impella CP® during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures has not been reported.

Case summary
A 76-year-old Caucasian man presented with severe and highly calcified left main coronary disease and severely depressed left ventricular function. As coronary bypass surgery was deemed prohibitive, successful PCI was performed with the simultaneous use of PiCSO® and Impella CP® to mitigate damage from distal microembolization and provide mechanical circulatory support to the left ventricle during the high-risk PCI procedure.

Discussion
Our case exemplifies for the first time the simultaneous use of PiCSO® and Impella CP® during a high-risk PCI. This case suggests the feasibility and safety of combining both devices for mechanical haemodynamic and microcirculatory support simultaneously in specific cases during high-risk PCI, offering hope for reducing post-PCI myocardial damage in a selected population of patients.
Clinical cases referring to the 2023 EACTS/STS Guidelines for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic syndromes of the aortic organ
Authors: Czerny Martin , Berger Tim , Della Corte Alessandro , Kreibich Maximilian , Lescan Mario , Mestres Carlos A , Quintana Eduard , Rylski Bartosz , Schönhoff Florian ,   EACTS/STS Scientific Document Group, Czerny Martin , Grabenwöger Martin , Berger Tim , Aboyans Victor , Della Corte Alessandro , Chen Edward P , Desai Nimesh , Dumfarth Julia , Elefteriades John A , Etz Christian D , Kim Karen M , Kreibich Maximilian , Lescan Mario , Di Marco Luca , Martens Andreas , Mestres Carlos A , Milojevic Milan , Nienaber Christoph A , Piffaretti Gabriele , Preventza Ourania , Quintana Eduard , Rylski Bartosz , Schlett Christopher L , Schoenhoff Florian , Trimarchi Santi , Tsagakis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2024

Summary
Clinical cases referring to the EACTS/STS Guidelines for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic syndromes of the aortic organ aim to assist physicians in selecting the best management strategies for individual patients with a given condition. These expert opinions consider the impact on patient outcomes as well as the risk–benefit ratio of different diagnostic or therapeutic methods. These cases serve as a vital tool to aid physicians in making decisions in their daily practice. However, in essence, although these recommendations serve as a valuable resource to guide clinical practice, their application should be tailored to the needs of the individual patient. Each patient’s case is unique, presenting its own set of variables and circumstances. This editorial is a tool designed to support, but not supersede, the decision-making process of physicians, based on their knowledge, expertise and understanding of their patients’ individual situations. Furthermore, these clinical cases are based on the EACTS/STS Guidelines for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic syndromes of the aortic organ but should not be interpreted as legally binding documents. The legal responsibilities of healthcare professionals remain firmly grounded in applicable laws and regulations, and the guidelines and the clinical cases presented in this document do not alter these obligations.
Optical coherence tomography predictors of clinical outcomes after stent implantation: the ILUMIEN IV trial
Authors: Landmesser Ulf , Ali Ziad A , Maehara Akiko , Matsumura Mitsuaki , Shlofmitz Richard A , Guagliumi Giulio , Price Matthew J , Hill Jonathan M , Akasaka Takashi , Prati Francesco , Bezerra Hiram G , Wijns William , Leistner David , Canova Paolo , Alfonso Fernando , Fabbiocchi Franco , Calligaris Giuseppe , Oemrawsingh Rohit M , Achenbach Stephan , Trani Carlo , Singh Balbir , McGreevy Robert J , McNutt Robert W , Ying Shih-Wa , Buccola Jana , Stone Gregg W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Observational registries have suggested that optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging-derived parameters may predict adverse events after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The present analysis sought to determine the OCT predictors of clinical outcomes from the large-scale ILUMIEN IV trial.

Methods
ILUMIEN IV was a prospective, single-blind trial of 2487 patients with diabetes or high-risk lesions randomized to OCT-guided versus angiography-guided DES implantation. All patients underwent final OCT imaging (blinded in the angiography-guided arm). From more than 20 candidates, the independent OCT predictors of 2-year target lesion failure (TLF; the primary endpoint), cardiac death or target-vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), ischaemia-driven target lesion revascularization (ID-TLR), and stent thrombosis were analysed by multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression in single treated lesions.

Results
A total of 2128 patients had a single treated lesion with core laboratory-analysed final OCT. The 2-year Kaplan–Meier rates of TLF, cardiac death or TV-MI, ID-TLR, and stent thrombosis were 6.3% (n = 130), 3.3% (n = 68), 4.3% (n = 87), and 0.9% (n = 18), respectively. The independent predictors of 2-year TLF were a smaller minimal stent area (per 1 mm2 increase: hazard ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.68–0.89, P &lt; .0001) and proximal edge dissection (hazard ratio 1.77, 95% confidence interval 1.20–2.62, P = .004). The independent predictors of cardiac death or TV-MI were smaller minimal stent area and longer stent length; of ID-TLR were smaller intra-stent flow area and proximal edge dissection; and of stent thrombosis was smaller minimal stent expansion.

Conclusions
In the ILUMIEN IV trial, the most important OCT-derived post-DES predictors of both safety and effectiveness outcomes were parameters related to stent area, expansion and flow, proximal edge dissection, and stent length.
Genetic monitoring uncovers long-distance marine feeding coupled with strong spatial segregation in sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) consistent at annual and decadal time scales
Authors: Bekkevold Dorte , Knutsen Halvor , Hemmer-Hansen Jakob , Sodeland Marte , Höjesjö Johan , Bleeker Katinka , Aarestrup Kim , Skov Christian , Nielsen Einar E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Genetic data have greatly increased means to understand fish marine migration behaviours at large spatial scale within a quantitative framework. The anadromous sea trout is a prized target of recreational fishery and an important ecosystem component in freshwater and marine coastal habitats in large parts of temperate northern Europe. Nonetheless, little is known about population distributions while feeding at sea. To reconcile notions about feeding migrations being predominantly locally restricted or not, we used SNP data for 3465 trout representing &gt;100 rivers to identify population origins of 903 coastally feeding fish captured throughout the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition area. Across areas, coastal collections generally showed marked stock-mixing and overall 70:30% native:non-native fish with seasonal variation corresponding with spawning run timing. Data revealed strong spatial feeding segregation between trout from the Scandinavian Peninsula and the European continent. This is surprising given the short distances between areas, but is in alignment with strong genetic differentiation between populations in these areas. Estimation of stock complexity of coastal feeding aggregations showed no spatial trend through the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition area otherwise characterized by strong environmental clines. Analyses of scale samples collected in the 1950s indicate that stock-mixing was consistent over almost 70 years.
Transcriptomic Evidence of Immune Modulation in Subjects With Chronic Trypanosoma cruzi Infection
Authors: Ros-Lucas Albert , Gabaldón-Figueira Juan Carlos , Martínez-Peinado Nieves , Losada-Galván Irene , Posada Elizabeth , Escabia Elisa , Martín-Mur Beatriz , Gut Marta , Esteve-Codina Anna , Gascón Joaquim , Pinazo María-Jesús , Alonso-Padilla Julio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical infection that affects millions of people. This study explores transcriptomic changes in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected subjects before and after treatment. Using total RNA sequencing, gene transcription was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from asymptomatic (n = 19) and symptomatic (n = 8) T. cruzi-infected individuals, and noninfected controls (n = 15). Differential expression was compared across groups, and before/after treatment in infected subgroups. Untreated infection showed 12 upregulated and 206 downregulated genes in all T. cruzi-infected subjects, and 47 upregulated and 215 downregulated genes in the symptomatic group. Few differentially expressed genes were found after treatment and between the different infected groups. Gene set enrichment analysis highlighted immune-related pathways activated during infection, with therapy normalizing immune function. Changes in the kynurenine to tryptophan ratio, increased pretreatment, suggested chronic immune fatigue, which was restored posttreatment. These differentially expressed genes offer insights for potential biomarkers and pathways associated with disease progression and treatment response.
Molecular Epidemiology of Wild Poliovirus Type 1 and Shift in the Historical Reservoir Areas of Pakistan During 2019–2022
Authors: Arshad Yasir , Mehmood Nayab , Alam Muhammad Masroor , Khurshid Adnan , Akhtar Ribqa , Mujtaba Ghulam , Rehman Lubna , Mushtaq Nighat , Sarfraz Bisma , Hakim Rabia , Umair Massab , Rana Muhammad Suleman , Salman Muhammad , Sharif Salmaan , Sattar Sadia , Javed Sundus , Ahmed Muzzamil , Khan Zainul Abedin , Soghaier Mohammed Ahmed , Bostan Nazish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Pakistan is 1 of the 2 countries endemic for wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1). Active clinical and environmental wastewater surveillance along with laboratory investigation is an integral and primary component of polio eradication strategies. The current study is mainly focused on virological data to understand the current epidemiology of WPV1 in Pakistan during 2019–2022.

Methods
In total, 141 037 stool specimens from patients reported with acute flaccid paralysis and 3171 wastewater samples were tested for detection of poliovirus using cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analysis of WPV1 was performed using MEGA and Nextstrain.

Results
Poliovirus isolates were classified into 15 distinct genetic clusters with multiple transmission lineages. Spatiotemporal trends indicated a significant decline in the incidence of poliomyelitis, reported in 58 districts in 2019 and just 3 in 2022. The historical reservoirs in Peshawar, Quetta, and Karachi successfully eliminated the indigenous transmission chains of wild poliovirus that had been active there for years

Conclusions
Our findings reinforce the evolving epidemiology of poliovirus in Pakistan, which is now confined to south-KP. All historically known reservoirs in Peshawar, Karachi, and Quetta block are now free of poliovirus. Intensified clinical and environmental surveillance should be maintained to eliminate the very few remaining transmission lineages and certify poliovirus eradication by 2026.
The higher dimensional propositional calculus
Authors: Bucciarelli A , Curien P-L , Ledda A , Paoli F , Salibra A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent research, some of the present authors introduced the concept of an $n$-dimensional Boolean algebra and its corresponding propositional logic $n\textrm{CL}$, generalizing the Boolean propositional calculus to $n\geq 2$ perfectly symmetric truth values. This paper presents a sound and complete sequent calculus for $n\textrm{CL}$, named $n\textrm{LK}$. We provide two proofs of completeness: one syntactic and one semantic. The former implies as a corollary that $n\textrm{LK}$ enjoys the cut admissibility property. The latter relies on the generalization to the $n$-ary case of the classical proof based on the Lindenbaum algebra of formulas and Boolean ultrafilters.