bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Yet Sustainable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Sulfur‐Rich Polymer Composite with MXene Segregated Structure
Authors: Cho Woongbi , Kim Sungsu , Lee Hyeonhoo , Han Nara , Kim Hyunki , Lee Minbaek , Han Tae Hee , Wie Jeong Jae 
Published: August 2024

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) typically employ fluoropolymers, highly negative chargeable materials in triboelectric series. However, many researchers nowadays are concerned about environmental pollution caused by poly‐and per‐fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) due to their critical immunotoxicity as fluoropolymers are likely to release PFAS into the ecosystem during their life cycle. Herein, a sulfur‐rich polymer (SRP)/MXene composite, offering high‐performance yet sustainable TENG is developed. Value‐addition of sulfur into SRP‐based TENG has huge advantages since sulfur is abundant waste from petroleum refining and possesses the highest electron affinity (−200 kJ mol−1) among polymerizable atoms. MXene segregated structure is introduced into SRP to achieve homogeneous distribution without electrical percolation by utilizing below 0.5 wt% of MXene, resulting in a significantly enhanced dielectric constant without a drastic increase of dielectric loss. Due to homogeneous MXene distribution, SRP/MXene composite‐based TENG demonstrates 2.9 times and 19.5 times enhances peak voltage and peak current compared to previous SRP‐based TENGs. Additionally, it exhibits reusability without critical reduction of modulus and TENG performance due to dynamically exchangeable disulfide bonds. Finally, after the corona discharging and scaling‐up process to a 4‐inch wafer size, SRP/MXene composite‐based TENG exhibits an 8.4 times improvement in peak power density, reaching 3.80 W m−2 compared to previous SRP‐based TENGs.
Regulating Surface Metal Abundance via Lattice‐Matched Coordination for Versatile and Environmentally‐Viable Sn‐Pb Alloying Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Gengling , Yang Guo , Feng Wenhuai , Li Hui , Yang Meifang , Zhong Yang , Jiang Xianyuan , Wu Wu‐Qiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNarrow‐bandgap Sn‐Pb alloying perovskites showcased great potential in constructing multiple‐junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with efficiencies approaching or exceeding the Shockley‐Queisser limit. However, the uncontrollable surface metal abundance (Sn2+ and Pb2+ ions) hinders their efficiency and versatility in different device structures. Additionally, the undesired Pb distribution mainly at the buried interface accelerates the Pb leakage when devices are damaged. In this work, a novel strategy is presented to modulate crystallization kinetics and surface metal abundance of Sn‐Pb perovskites using a cobweb‐like quadrangular macrocyclic porphyrin material, which features a molecular size compatible with the perovskite lattice and robustly coordinates with Pb2+ ions, thus immobilizing them and increasing surface Pb abundance by 61%. This modulation reduces toxic Pb leakage rates by 24‐fold, with only ∼23 ppb Pb in water after severely damaged PSCs are immersed in water for 150 h.This strategy can also enhance chemical homogeneity, reduce trap density, release tensile strain and optimize carrier dynamics of Sn‐Pb perovskites and relevant devices. Encouragingly, the power conversion efficiency (PCEs) of 23.28% for single‐junction, full‐stack devices and 21.34% for hole transport layer‐free Sn‐Pb PSCs are achieved.Notably, the related monolithic all‐perovskite tandem solar cell also achieves a PCE of 27.03% with outstanding photostability.
Effect of pyrolysis operating conditions on the catalytic co‐pyrolysis of low‐density polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate with zeolite catalysts
Authors: Okonsky Sean Timothy , Hogan Neil Robert , Toraman Hilal Ezgi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the catalytic (co‐)pyrolysis of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with HZSM‐5 and HY zeolite catalysts was conducted in a micro‐pyrolysis reactor coupled to a two‐dimensional gas chromatography system. Pyrolysis operating conditions, such as the pyrolysis temperature, the catalyst to feedstock (CF) ratio, and the LDPE:PET ratio, were varied. It was found that for the co‐pyrolysis of LDPE and PET, HZSM‐5 led to higher yields of C2‐C4 olefins and monoaromatic products. Lower CF ratios increased the yield of C2‐C4 olefins for LDPE pyrolysis, but decreased benzene yield for PET pyrolysis, concomitant with an increased yield in benzoic acid. A lower temperature of 400°C which was sufficient for the pyrolysis of LDPE, led to incomplete conversion of PET. Surface response diagrams were used to visualize the impact of the various pyrolysis operating conditions on the yield of C2‐C4 olefins and BTEX, which serve as target products for the circular economy.
Phylogenetic systematics of Vigna sensu stricto in the context of Physostigma and allies
Authors: Horton Dasha M. , Feleke Yonas , Pasquet Remy S. , Javadi Firouzeh , Melville Kaycie A. , Delgado‐Salinas Alfonso , Thulin Mats , Mithen Richard F. , Gepts Paul , Egan Ashley N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremiseVigna includes economically vital crops and wild species. Molecular systematic studies of Vigna species resulted in generic segregates of many New World (NW) species. However, limited Old World (OW) sampling left questions regarding inter‐ and intraspecific relationships in Vigna s.s.MethodsAfrican species, including the putative sister genus Physostigma, were comprehensively sampled within the context of NW relatives. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of the chloroplast matK‐trnK and nuclear ribosomal ITS/5.8 S (ITS) DNA regions were undertaken to resolve OW Vigna taxonomic questions. Divergence dates were estimated using BEAST to date key nodes in the phylogeny.ResultsAnalyses of matK and ITS data supported five clades of Vigna s.s.: subg. Lasiospron, a reduced subg. Vigna, subg. Haydonia, subg. Ceratotropis, an enlarged subg. Plectrotropis, and a clade including V. kirkii and V. stenophylla. Genome size estimates of 601 Mb for V. kirkii are near the overall mean of the genus, whereas V. stenophylla had a larger genome (810 Mb), similar to some Vigna subg. Ceratotropis or Plectrotropis species.ConclusionsFormer subg. Vigna is reduced to yellow‐ and blue‐flowered species and subg. Plectrotropis is enlarged to mostly all white‐, pink‐, and purple‐flowered species. The age of the split between NW and OW Vigna lineages is ~6–7 Myr. Genome size estimates cannot rule out a polyploid or hybrid origin for V. stenophylla, potentially involving extinct lineage ancestors of Vigna subg. Ceratotropis or Plectrotropis, as indicated by network and phylogenetic analyses. Taxonomic revisions are suggested based on these results.
Rate of dupilumab use and symptom severity of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis after Draf 3 frontal sinusotomy
Authors: Ji Keven , Kellerman Hunter , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Joshi Shyam R. , Geltzeiler Mathew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe indications for endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (Draf 3) in patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) remain unclear. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Draf 3 for refractory CRSwNP focusing on improvements in disease severity and need for subsequent dupilumab rescue therapy.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with CRSwNP undergoing Draf 3 surgery at a tertiary center between 2012 and 2022. Clinicodemographic variables were compared across those who did versus did not require rescue with postoperative dupilumab. Time to postoperative dupilumab rescue was analyzed and longitudinal disease‐specific outcomes were measured using the sinonasal outcomes test (SNOT‐22).ResultsWithin 87 patients with CRSwNP, 24.1% had aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). Significant improvement in SNOT‐22 score was found in CRSwNP with AERD (p < 0.001) and without AERD (p = 0.01) up to 24 months postoperative. 14.9% eventually required rescue with a dupilumab. More specifically, of 21 patients with AERD, 24.1% eventually required rescue with dupilumab. Dupilumab rescue was associated with a greater number of prior sinus surgeries (p = 0.02), prior aspirin desensitization (p = 0.02), and worse preoperative Lund‐MacKay scores (p < 0.001). No association between biologic rescue and frontal recess antero‐posterior diameter was found (p = 0.20).ConclusionsDraf 3 surgery in CRSwNP was associated with significant improvement in SNOT‐22 score at 24 months. Furthermore, only 14.9% of patients required dupilumab rescue. Patients with AERD were more likely to require rescue with dupilumab even though 75.1% avoided treatment with the biologic over the study period.
Nasal virus infection induces asthma exacerbation through B‐cell‐dependent recruitment of inflammatory monocytes
Authors: Waldstein Kody A. , Issimov Arman , Ganama Maria , Jinge Valerie , Tilley Stephen , Hua Xiaoyang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundUpper respiratory viral infections (URVIs) are responsible for 80% of asthma exacerbation episodes. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.MethodsIn this study, we used a mouse model of URVI and examined the impact of URVI on asthma phenotypes and the underlying mechanisms.ResultsPreviously, we have reported that nasal‐restricted infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) only produces mild sino‐nasal inflammation and mucus production, without causing direct lung infection. However, such nasal‐restricted infection dramatically enhanced TH2 and TH17 inflammatory responses in the lungs and increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in mice with house dust mite (HDM)‐induced asthma. Additionally, nasal‐restricted infection with RSV recruited Ly6C+ inflammatory monocytes (IMs) into the lungs of mice with and without HDM‐induced asthma. The expression of monocyte chemokines, including CCL2 and CCL7, also increased. Interestingly, nasal virus infection‐induced AHR was abolished in mice depleted of IMs and in CCR2−/− mice, indicating that the recruited IMs play a key role in nasal virus infection‐induced asthma exacerbations in mice. Lastly, we observed that recruitment of Ly6C+ IMs following URVI was abolished in mice lacking B cells and that nasal‐restricted infection with RSV increased numbers of CCL2+CCL7+ B cells in the lungs of mice as compared to controls.ConclusionsTaken together, our data have shown that URVI enhances the allergic inflammatory response and AHR through a B cell‒monocyte regulatory axis.
A Perspective on Non‐Local Electronic Transport in Metals: Viscous, Ballistic, and Beyond
Authors: Baker Graham , Moravec Michal , Mackenzie Andrew P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOhm's law for electrical conduction in metals is one of the first concepts taught in any physics curriculum. It is perfectly adequate in almost all practical circumstances, but breaks down in some special, interesting cases. To observe such breakdowns, one requires extremely pure materials, which are rare and often difficult to produce. Excitingly, forefront materials research is leading to the discovery of more and more examples in which one can break the ‘purity barrier’ and explore non‐Ohmic transport. The rapid development of the field is seeing equally rapid developments in the understanding of exotic non‐Ohmic regimes, but this is not always a smooth progression. New layers of insight often involve reversing what have previously been regarded as established facts. Indeed, the interpretations given of experimental data in many papers published less than a decade ago would (or should!) be different today. The goal of this article is to give an entry‐level guide to some of the pertinent issues that have emerged from this intense decade of research, attempting to keep the style of the presentation as informal and non‐mathematical as is practical. Although source literature will be cited, no attempt will be made at comprehensive citation, so the paper should not be regarded as a review. Rather, an effort will be made to identify and explain some issues that the authors believe are important but not sufficiently emphasized in the literature to date. In that sense the paper should be regarded as a kind of opinion piece, with, hopefully, some didactic value to a reader with a solid grounding in traditional condensed matter physics.
Pioneering Sensing Technologies Using Borophene‐Based Composite/Hybrid Electrochemical Biosensors for Health Monitoring: A Perspective
Authors: Ahmed Shahzad , Ansari Arshiya , Kashif Ali Syed , Patil Bhagyashree R. , Riyaz Farhana , Khan Afzal , Ranjan Pranay 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiosensors are analytical tools that integrate a biological element with a physicochemical detector in order to quantify the existence or concentration of chemicals, biomolecules, or other biological elements for human health monitoring purposes. Electrochemical techniques for biological analyte detection include the use of electrochemical sensors to identify and quantify the existence and concentration of biological molecules. These techniques are often used because of their high sensitivity, specificity, quick reaction time, and the possibility of being made smaller in size, but still, the research problem in electrochemical‐based biosensing largely revolves around improving biosensors′ sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and response time. Borophene, an intriguing and novel substance within the domain of two‐dimensional (2D) materials, emerges as a highly promising protagonist in the continuous and dynamic history of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Borophene, characterized by its distinctive electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, enthralls scientists due to its atomic structure consisting exclusively of boron atoms organized in a honeycomb lattice. In recent years, borophene hybrids and composites have emerged as potentially fruitful avenues for expanding their utility in numerous fields and improving their properties. In addition, borophene and its hybrid systems hold significant potential to overcome the limitations of current electrochemical‐based biosensors. By leveraging their unique properties—such as high surface area, chemical versatility, and mechanical strength—these materials can improve biosensors′ limitations. Moreover, the integration of borophene with other materials can further optimize performance, paving the way for advanced and practical biosensing solutions. This perspective presents a synopsis of recent developments in biosensing composites and hybrids based on borophene, including polymers and other nanomaterials. In addition, we emphasized the remarkable characteristics of borophene hybrids, which permit the detection of biological analytes such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules in a sensitive and selective manner. Additionally, a summary of the computational investigations into analyte detection utilizing borophene‐based systems has been provided. In a nutshell, we discussed the challenges and future directions in the field, outlining opportunities for further innovation and optimization of borophene‐based biosensing platforms.
Evaporative cooling promotion using macroporous hydrogels with stable water transport and evaporation path
Authors: Tadano Satoshi , Cho Hiroaki , Yamazaki Kenichi , Asada Takatoshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEvaporative cooling is being re‐evaluated in the context of eco‐systems and environmental friendliness to improve the efficiency of thermoelectric and photovoltaic power generation. One of the essential tasks to improve evaporative cooling performance is the development of materials that can maintain the evaporation path and supply the lost water. Here, we synthesized a macroporous hydrogel by freeze casting at a slow cooling rate. A series of open spaces was designed between the aligned columns of the hydrogel, and water is stably supplied by extensive capillary channels. In a cooling test, it was shown to be effective in reducing the target's equilibrium temperature. As the heat input increased, the cooling effect (that is, the temperature reduction by the hydrogels) tended to increase. In addition, under airflow, the effect was stable, and further enhanced. These results extend design strategies for hydrogel‐based evaporative cooling and offer opportunities to maximize cooling performance by searching for optimal surface shape and exploiting airflow conditions.
Porphyrin encapsulated in organic polymers: Electropolymerization and preliminary investigations on electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Saran Neha , Umesh Gawade Narayan , Thomas Tincy Lis , Bhavana Purushothaman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the incorporation of hydrophobic porphyrins in organic polymers through electrochemically induced polymerization of monomers on conventional electrodes and the preliminary investigations on the electrocatalytic activity of these modified electrodes are explained. Electropolymerized porphyrins show better activity than organic polymers of N‐isopropylacrylamide, triethylene glycol methyl ether methacrylate, and glycerol 1,3‐diglycerolate diacrylate for nitrite oxidation due to the presence of cobalt metal ion. Among the porphyrins investigated, electropolymerized cobalt tetra‐2‐thienylporphyrin requires the least overpotential, due to ease of polymerization and better coating on glassy carbon electrode compared with that of cobalt tetraphenylporphyrin and cobalt tetra‐3‐thienylporphyrin. On encapsulating these porphyrins in organic polymers, improved current and lower overpotential are noticed.
Fabrication of CoFe‐layered double hydroxide for flame retardant and smoke suppression of silicone rubber foam
Authors: Shang Ke , Jiang Huijing , Zhao Jing , Zhao Bi , Jin Xing , Lin Guide , Yang Jinjun , Wang Junsheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of silicone rubber foam (SRF), the CoFe‐LDH was fabricated by coprecipitation method and used as flame‐retardant ingredient in SRF. The influence of CoFe‐LDH on the flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and thermal stability of SRF was investigated. The results demonstrate that SRF containing only 1.0 phr CoFe‐LDH can pass V‐0 rating in the vertical combustion test, with a limiting oxygen index of 28.6%. The total heat release and total smoke production are 22.2% and 61.1% lower than that of SRF, respectively. Moreover, CoFe‐LDH can improve the thermal stability of SRF in the high temperature range, and the char residue at 900°C of SRF/LDH composite is obviously higher than that of pure SRF. In addition, to further understand the flame‐retardant mechanism of CoFe‐LDH, the micromorphology of the char residue and the gaseous products during heating for SRF and SRF/LDH composite were analyzed. The results indicate that CoFe‐LDH exhibits excellent flame‐retardant effects in both condensed and gaseous phases for its functions of catalysis, carbonization, and nonflammable gas release. This study provides a more efficient and convenient strategy for the flame retardant and smoke suppression research of SRF.
Impact of lignocellulosic nanofiber source on the performance of polylactic acid
Authors: Linares Maidelys González , Delgado Aguilar Marc , Tarrés Joaquim , Aguado Roberto , Pereira Miguel , Valerio Oscar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractComposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) were developed, using lignocellulosic nanofibers (LCNF) dispersed in polyethylene glycol (PEG). To evaluate the impact of LCNF sources, suspensions were prepared from different pulps, including only cellulose; other with cellulose and hemicellulose; and cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The PLA/PEG ratio was 80/20, with LCNF concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5%, and 3.75% (w/w) relative to the PLA/PEG weight. The best results were achieved with 2.5% (w/w) of LCNF containing a blend of cellulose and hemicellulose, showing a 26% increase in tensile strength and 102% in Young's modulus compared with the PLA/PEG matrix. The hemicellulose in LCNF acts as a physical barrier between cellulose chains, demonstrating a lower tendency for agglomeration and greater compatibility with PEG and PLA, as evidenced by decreased zeta potential due to the adsorption of PEG and shifts in the CO peak in the FTIR spectra. At 3.75 LCNF concentration, micrometer‐sized fibers were observed in SEM images, impacting the mechanical properties of the composites. Thermograms show no phase separation, and the change in crystallinity due to the addition of nanofibers has minimal influence on mechanical properties. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate lignocellulosic nanoparticles for improved material performance.
The impact of extraction method and pollen concentration on community composition for pollen metabarcoding
Authors: Devriese Arne , Peeters Gerrit , Brys Rein , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPremisePlants and pollinators closely interact with each other to form complex networks of species interactions. Metabarcoding of pollen collections has recently been proposed as an advantageous method for the construction of such networks, but the extent to which diversity and community analyses depend on the extraction method and pollen concentration used remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we used a dilution series of two pollen mixtures (a mock community and pooled natural pollen loads from bumblebees) to assess the effect of mechanical homogenization and two DNA extraction kits (spin column DNA extraction kit and magnetic bead DNA extraction kit) on the detected pollen richness and community composition.ResultsAll species were successfully detected using the three methods, even in the most dilute samples. However, the extraction method had a significant effect on the detected pollen richness and community composition, with simple mechanical homogenization introducing an extraction bias.DiscussionOur findings suggest that all three methods are effective for detecting plant species in the pollen loads on insects, even in cases of very low pollen loads. However, our results also indicate that extraction methods can have a profound impact on the ability to correctly assess the community composition of the pollen loads on insects. The choice of extraction methodology should therefore be carefully considered to ensure reliable and unbiased results in pollen diversity and community analyses.
HFIP‐Mediated Dual C(Ar)‐Alkylation Process Towards the Regioselective Synthesis of Triarylmethanes (TRAMs)
Authors: Teli Yaqoob A. , Reetu Reetu , Chanu S. Aleena , Kant Kamal , Keremane Kavya S. , Almeer Rafa , Singh Virender , Malakar Chandi C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe distinct roles of different chemical species are essential for the discovery of novel chemical transformations in organic synthesis. Here, we have designed a potential strategy for the synthesis of triarylmethanes (TRAMs) using the dual C(aryl)‐alkylation process. This protocol was influenced by 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a pivotal reagent and proceeds through the selective para C−H functionalization method. The described approach has been proven to be highly efficient in terms of substrate scope with excellent functional group tolerance and gram scale synthesis of the desired product with 90 % yield. The recyclability and reusability of HFIP has enhanced the feasibility of this protocol towards the sustainable synthesis of TRAMs.