bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different freezing conditions on ice crystal formation behavior and ice‐growth inhibition by cryoprotectants
Authors: Huo Yilin , Yang Dazhang , Xie Jing , Yang Zhikang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe formation of ice crystals will have adverse effects on aquatic products, and the key to ensure the long‐term preservation and better quality preservations of the product is to evaluate the intercellular ice crystal formation to find suitable refrigeration conditions and cryoprotectants.RESULTSThe ice crystal formation was successfully captured by using an inverted microscope cryomicroscopic system equipped with a low‐temperature stage, the ice crystals formed under different freezing methods between tuna muscle cells were observed directly, the deformation degree of muscle tissue pores during crystallization was evaluated, and the effect of freeze–thaw times on tuna samples was analyzed. The effects of the use of cryoprotectant such as cellobiose and carboxylated cellulose nanofibers on ice‐growth inhibition were investigated, and the reliability of the ice crystal observation results was further verified by the determination of physical properties. The results showed that carboxylated cellulose nanofibers had the best ice‐growth inhibition effect, they prevented about 50% cell deformation compared with the control group, and also reduced the minimum size of ice crystal formation. In addition, the addition of cellobiose and sodium tripolyphosphate gave the ice crystals a more uniform size and roundness.CONCLUSIONThe experiment proposed a stable and clear observation method for the process of intercellular ice crystal formation, and the accuracy of the observation method was further verified by some physical indicators. This may help in the selection of suitable measurement methods to directly observe ice crystal formation behavior and screen cryoprotectants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
CO2‐induced seawater acidification impairs the stinging cells of a jellyfish
Authors: Sun Tingting , Li Yongxue , Peng Saijun , Wang Fanghan , Wang Lei , Zhao Jianmin , Dong Zhijun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCO2‐induced seawater acidification has been shown to modify predator–prey interactions in many marine taxa. Scyphozoans play an important role in the trophic dynamics of marine ecosystems during their blooms in coastal waters; however, the impacts of seawater acidification on the predation behavior of these animals are poorly understood. Here, we aimed to examine the impact of a decrease in seawater pH on the feeding behavior and growth of ephyrae (juvenile medusae) of the scyphozoan Aurelia coerulea. Combining bulk and single‐cell RNA sequencing approaches, we assessed transcriptomic changes of ephyrae under a laboratory‐based pH 7.6 condition. We found that the feeding rates and growth of ephyrae were significantly inhibited by a decrease in seawater pH. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed that a decline in pH significantly reduced the expression of genes related to toxins and nematocyst structure in ephyrae. These findings were further confirmed by single‐cell transcriptomic analyses and revealed that low pH impaired the toxin activity and energy metabolism of stinging cells. The pH recovery experiment indicated that moving ephyrae from seawater with pH 7.6 into seawater with pH 8.1 greatly restored their feeding, growth, and toxin‐related and nematocyst structure–related gene expression. However, exposure to pH 7.6 for 23 d could not recover the decrease in the feeding and growth of ephyrae. Together, these findings indicate that CO2‐induced acidification compromised the stinging cells of A. coerulea ephyrae, with concomitant negative consequences on predation and growth that are likely to alter predator–prey interactions, with consequent effects on community structure and ecosystem.
Mutational spectrum and genotype–phenotype correlation in Mexican patients with infantile‐onset and late‐onset Pompe disease
Authors: Martinez‐Montoya Valentina , Sánchez‐Sánchez Luz María , Sandoval‐Pacheco Roberto , Castro Diana Mónica Anaya , Arellano‐Valdez Carmen Araceli , Ávila‐Rejón Carmen Amor , Aguilar‐Juárez Pedro Alejandro , Espino‐Pluma Martín , González‐Santillanes Cruz Antonio , Martínez‐Segovia Rosa Isela , Olmos‐Morfin Dorian , la Torre Ofelia Padilla‐De , Solís‐Sánchez Ishar , Espinosa Mónica Vázquez‐Del Mercado , Villarroel‐Cortés Camilo Ernesto , Velarde‐Félix Jesús Salvador , López‐Valdez Jaime , Olaiz‐Urbina Julio , Ricárdez‐Marcial Edgar , Vergara‐Sánchez Imelda , Radillo‐Díaz Pablo , Kazakova Ekaterina , De la Fuente‐Cortez Beatriz , del Carmen Marquez‐Quiróz Luz , Torres‐Octavo Benjamín , Diaz‐Martinez Rubicel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPompe Disease (PD) is a metabolic myopathy caused by variants in the GAA gene, resulting in deficient enzymatic activity. We aimed to characterize the clinical features and related genetic variants in a series of Mexican patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of clinical records of patients diagnosed with LOPD, IOPD or pseudodeficiency.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients were included in the study, comprising these three forms. Overall, age of symptom onset was 0.1 to 43 years old. The most frequent variant identified was c.‐32‐13T>G, which was detected in 14 alleles. Among the 23 different variants identified in the GAA gene, 14 were classified as pathogenic, 5 were likely pathogenic, and 1 was a variant of uncertain significance. Two variants were inherited in cis arrangement and 2 were pseudodeficiency‐related benign alleles. We identified two novel variants (c.1615 G>A and c.1076‐20_1076‐4delAAGTCGGCGTTGGCCTG).ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this series represent the largest phenotypic and genotypic characterization of patients with PD in Mexico. Patients within our series exhibited a combination of LOPD and IOPD associated variants, which may be related to genetic diversity within Mexican population. Further population‐wide studies are required to better characterize the incidence of this disease in Mexican population.
A compact dielectric resonator antenna with wideband circular polarization characteristics for C and X‐band applications
Authors: Harkare Ankita H. , Kothari Ashwin G. , Bhurane Ankit A. , Abegaonkar Mahesh P. , Patel Pragati 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA wideband circularly polarized (CP) stacked rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) is proposed in this article. The 3 dB axial ratio (AR) and 10 dB impedance bandwidth overlap of more than 66% is obtained. For increased bandwidth, the antenna comprises two dielectric resonators separated by an air gap. The upper dielectric layer is rotated at relative to the lower layer to obtain orthogonal modes for CP Both layers have dielectric constant . The rotation aids excitation of orthogonal modes , and in RDRA. The higher‐order modes generate left‐hand circular polarization at frequencies 6.75, 7.8, and 10.7 GHz, respectively. The upper layer consists of three holes giving a 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 66.7% from 6.52 to 11.02 GHz. The CP gain of 8.7, 6.8, and 6.4 dBi for 6.75, 7.8, and 10.7 GHz, respectively, is measured. The conformal orthogonal feeds enable a 72 3 dB AR bandwidth across the entire frequency band. The radiation efficiency is observed above 89 in the entire band (6.5–11 GHz). This work demonstrates a 66.7 overlap of 10 dB impedance and 3 dB AR bandwidth along with high gain in a single design which is suitable for 5G applications in C‐band as well as other X‐band applications.
Utilizing nerve conduction studies to identify very early Guillain–Barré syndrome and distinguish it from mimics in emergency settings
Authors: John Thomas , Mathew Asha Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsAccurately diagnosing Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in its early stages and distinguishing it from mimics poses challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of an existing electrodiagnostic criterion in very early GBS (VEGBS) for discerning mimics. Additionally, we explored specific electrophysiological abnormalities in VEGBS to design a new diagnostic criterion for more accurate VEGBS diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively identified all patients with flaccid quadriparesis initially suspected of GBS who underwent nerve conduction studies (NCS) ≤4 days from symptom onset. We then retrieved their NCS data and applied an existing electrodiagnostic criterion for sensitivity and specificity analyses based on the final discharge diagnosis. Furthermore, we designed a new criterion based on the observed electrophysiological abnormalities that have maximum specificity and at least 50% sensitivity.ResultsAmong 70 patients suspected of VEGBS, 44 (63%) received a final diagnosis of GBS, while in 26 (37%), the GBS diagnosis was later refuted. Umapathi's definite criterion exhibited a sensitivity of 61.36% and a specificity of 92.31%. The probable and possible groups showed very high sensitivity (90.91% and 100%, respectively); however, specificity was low (57.69% and 30.77%, respectively) in the very early stage. Our proposed criterion demonstrated a sensitivity of 88.64% (CI: 75.44%–96.21%) and a specificity of 96.15% (CI: 80.36%–99.90%).DiscussionThe criterion based on presumed electrophysiological correlates of specific early GBS pathophysiology proved more effective than the existing electrodiagnostic criterion in differentiating VEGBS from mimics.
A two‐stage combined filtration‐consolidation model for slurry ground treated by vacuum preloading
Authors: Ye Xiaoqian , Shi Li , Cai Yuanqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe vacuum preloading technique is extensively employed for ground improvement, particularly for slurry ground characterized by high‐water content and low strength. Such ground frequently exhibits a delay in pore water pressure dissipation when treated with prefabricated vertical drains. To clarify the drainage and consolidation behaviour of high‐water content slurry ground under vacuum preloading, this study proposed a two‐stage combined model that integrates both filtration and consolidation processes. Initially, an axisymmetric filtration model was used to describe the formation of the soil column through the radial migration and compaction of the particles. The end‐of‐filtration radial distributions of void ratio, permeability coefficient, and effective pressure served as initial conditions for the consolidation stage analysis. This stage was depicted using a large strain consolidation model based on the free strain condition. The results showed the necessity of incorporating the filtration stage to capture the overall drainage mechanism and characteristics of slurry ground with vacuum preloading treatment.
Nurses, midwives and students' reports of effective dedicated education units in five European countries: A qualitative study
Authors: Pedregosa Sara , Zabalegui Adelaida , Fabrellas Núria , Risco Ester , Pereira Mariana , Dmoch‐Gajzlerska Ewa , Şenuzun Fisun , Martin Sandra 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate nursing/midwifery students, Clinical Mentors, Link Teachers and Head Nurses experiences within “Dedicated Education Unit” model in 6 European clinical placements and analyse the necessary elements for a powerful clinical learning environment.DesignA multi‐country, phenomenological, qualitative study.MethodsFocus group interviews were performed to identify the personal and organizational factors of importance for students and nurses/midwives.ResultsData analysis produced 4 main themes (1) Clinical placement organization, (2) students' clinical knowledge and skill acquisition, (3) students, and nurses/midwives' experiences within the DEU model and (4) factors for creating an effective learning environment.ConclusionsA close educational‐service collaboration, a realistic clinical placement planning, a focus on student learning process and an investment in professionals’ education and development among others, are elements to set up a powerful clinical learning environment.Implications for the professionIt is considered advisable and urgent to improve the working conditions of nurses/midwives and the learning environments of students as a strategy to alleviate the global shortage of nurses and respond to the increasingly demanding health needs of the population.ImpactDue to the close relationship between students’ learning and features of the clinical environment nurse educators seek innovative models which allow students to manage patient care and their transition to professional practice. To implement new learning strategies, identifying students, nurses and midwives perceptions and suggestions is a powerful information to evaluate implementation process and outcomes.Public ContributionOur findings could help academic and clinical managers to meet the human and organizational requirements to create a successful learning environment in every student placement.
The genomic trajectory of ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma can be observed in STIC lesions
Authors: Cheng Zhao , Ennis Darren P , Lu Bingxin , Mirza Hasan B , Sokota Chishimba , Kaur Baljeet , Singh Naveena , Le Saux Olivia , Russo Giorgia , Giannone Gaia , Tookman Laura A , Krell Jonathan , Barnes Chris , McDermott Jackie , McNeish Iain A 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) originates in the fallopian tube, with secretory cells carrying a TP53 mutation, known as p53 signatures, identified as potential precursors. p53 signatures evolve into serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) lesions, which in turn progress into invasive HGSC, which readily spreads to the ovary and disseminates around the peritoneal cavity. We recently investigated the genomic landscape of early‐ and late‐stage HGSC and found higher ploidy in late‐stage (median 3.1) than early‐stage (median 2.0) samples. Here, to explore whether the high ploidy and possible whole‐genome duplication (WGD) observed in late‐stage disease were determined early in the evolution of HGSC, we analysed archival formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples from five HGSC patients. p53 signatures and STIC lesions were laser‐capture microdissected and sequenced using shallow whole‐genome sequencing (sWGS), while invasive ovarian/fallopian tube and metastatic carcinoma samples underwent macrodissection and were profiled using both sWGS and targeted next‐generation sequencing. Results showed highly similar patterns of global copy number change between STIC lesions and invasive carcinoma samples within each patient. Ploidy changes were evident in STIC lesions, but not p53 signatures, and there was a strong correlation between ploidy in STIC lesions and invasive ovarian/fallopian tube and metastatic samples in each patient. The reconstruction of sample phylogeny for each patient from relative copy number indicated that high ploidy, when present, occurred early in the evolution of HGSC, which was further validated by copy number signatures in ovarian and metastatic tumours. These findings suggest that aberrant ploidy, suggestive of WGD, arises early in HGSC and is detected in STIC lesions, implying that the trajectory of HGSC may be determined at the earliest stages of tumour development. © 2024 The Author(s). The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Periodontal Health Among Pregnant Women in Sri Lanka: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gammulle Kavithrini Anunadika , Dhanapriyanka Manori , Bhat Meghashyam 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe prevalence of periodontal disease among Sri Lankan women in the reproductive age group is considerably high. The present study aimed to assess the oral hygiene status, gingival status, and the associated factors among pregnant women attending community Antenatal Clinics (ANC) in Sri Lanka, against the challenging sociopolitical backdrop.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted among 576 pregnant women attending community ANCs within a specific Medical Officer of Health area in Sri Lanka. The clinics were selected using a two‐stage cluster sampling method with probability proportionate to size technique. Pregnant women were recruited from each clinic using a systematic sampling method. Data was collected with an interviewer‐administered questionnaire and an oral health examination form.ResultsPoor oral hygiene was detected among over 60% of pregnant women. Moderate‐to‐severe gingivitis was seen among 23.3% of them. Nearly 67% of the participants demonstrated limited knowledge of periodontal diseases. Approximately, 67% of them were unemployed, and 32.5% had a monthly income of less than 40,000 Sri Lankan rupees. Regression analysis revealed that the trimester, socioeconomic factors, frequency of dental visits, recency of full mouth scaling, and knowledge of periodontal diseases predicted the oral hygiene status, and age, trimester, frequency of brushing, recency of full mouth scaling, and knowledge of periodontal diseases were significant predictors of gingival health. Particularly, individuals with a lower socioeconomic status experienced both poor oral hygiene and gingival health.ConclusionThe suboptimal oral hygiene and gingival health, limited access to dental care, and inadequate periodontal health knowledge, highlight an urgent need for interventions such as empowering young women through educational and employment initiatives.
Dual‐Atom P–Co–Dy Charge‐Transfer Bridge on Black Phosphorus for Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: He Minghao , Tian Zhenghui , Lin Huinan , Wang Guofeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe synergistic effect of rare earth single‐atoms and transition metal single‐atoms may enable us to achieve some unprecedented performance and characteristics. Here, Co–Dy dual‐atoms on black phosphorus with a P–Co–Dy charge‐transfer bridge are designed and fabricated as the active center for the CO2 photoreduction reaction. The synergistic effect of Co–Dy on the performance of black phosphorus is studied by combining X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, ultrafast spectral analysis, and in situ technology with DFT calculations. The results show that the Co and Dy bimetallic active site can promote charge transfer by the charge transfer bridge from P to Dy, and then to Co, thereby improving the photocatalytic activity of black phosphorus. The performance of catalysts excited at different wavelength light indicates that the 4G11/2/2I15/2/4F9/2→6H15/2 and 4F9/2→6H13/2 emissions of Dy can be absorbed by black phosphorus to improve the utilization of sunlight. The in situ DRIFTS and density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate the CO2 photoreduction pathway. This work provides an depth insight into the mechanism of dual‐atom catalysts with enhanced photocatalytic performance, which helps to design novel atomic photocatalysts with excellent activity for CO2 reduction reactions.
Polymer‐Supported Graphene Sheet as a Vertically Conductive Anode of Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: Rahman Md Tareq , Hossen Sarwar , Jeong Kyoung‐Jin , Bhuiyan Nabil H. , Rahman M. Mahabubur , Sarkar Bappa , Jung Yongmin , Shim Joon S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for electric vehicles necessitates the development of cost‐effective, mass‐producible, long‐lasting, and highly conductive batteries. Making this kind of battery is exceedingly tricky. This study introduces an innovative fabrication technique utilizing a laser‐induced graphene (LIG) approach on commercial Kapton film to create hexagonal pores. These pores form vertical conduction paths for electron and ion transportation during lithiation and delithiation, significantly enhancing conductivity. The nongraphitized portion of the Kapton film makes it a binder‐less, free‐standing electrode, providing mechanical stability. Various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are utilized to confirm the transformation of a 3D porous graphene sheet from a commercial Kapton film. Cross‐sectional SEM images verify the vertical connections. The specific capacity of 581 mAh g−1 is maintained until the end, with 99% coulombic efficiency at 0.1C. This simple manufacturing method paves the pathway for future LIG‐based, cost‐effective, lightweight, mass‐producible, long‐lasting, vertically conductive electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries.
Effective interactions of the open bosonic string via field theory
Authors: Garozzo Lucia M. , Guevara Alfredo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We describe a method to extract an effective Lagrangian description for open bosonic strings, at zero transcendentality. The method relies on a particular formulation of its scattering amplitudes derived from color-kinematics duality. More precisely, starting from a (DF)2 + YM quantum field theory, we integrate out all the massive degrees of freedom to generate an expansion in the inverse string tension α′. We explicitly compute the Lagrangian terms through $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
(α′4), and target the sector of operators proportional to F4 to all orders in α′.
Pulsed DPOAEs in serial measurements
Authors: Bader Katharina , Zelle Dennis , Gummer Anthony W. , Dalhoff Ernst 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To date, there is no consensus on how to standardize the assessment of ototoxicity in serial measurements. For the diagnosis of damage to the cochlear amplifier, measurement methods are required that have the highest possible test-retest reliability and validity for detecting persistent damage. Estimated distortion-product thresholds (LEDPT) based on short-pulse distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) level maps use individually optimal DPOAE stimulus levels and allow reliable quantitative estimation of cochlea-related hearing loss.

Materials and methods
Hearing thresholds were estimated objectively using LEDPT and subjectively using modified Békésy tracking audiometry (LTA). Recordings were performed seven times within three months at 14 frequencies (f2 = 1–14 kHz) in 20 ears (PTA4(0.5–4 kHz) < 20 dB HL). Reconstruction of the DPOAE growth behavior as a function of the stimulus levels L1, L2 was performed on the basis of 21 DPOAE amplitudes. A numerical fit of a nonlinear mathematical function to the three-dimensional DPOAE growth function yielded LEDPT for each stimulus frequency. For the combined analysis, probability distributions of hearing thresholds (LTA, LEDPT), DPOAE levels (LDP), and combinations thereof were determined.

Results
LTA and LEDPT each exhibited a test-retest reliability with a median of absolute differences (AD) of 3.2 dB and 3.3 dB, respectively. Combining LEDPT, LDP, and LTA into a single parameter yielded a significantly smaller median AD of 2.0 dB.

Conclusion
It is expected that an analysis paradigm based on a combination of LEDPT, suprathreshold LDP, and fine-structure-reduced LTA would achieve higher test performance (sensitivity and specificity), allowing reliable detection of pathological or regenerative changes in the outer hair cells.
The individual Laffer curve: evidence from the Spanish income tax
Authors: Gamarra Rondinel Ana , Sanz-Sanz José Félix , Arrazola María 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper characterises the Laffer curve of each individual taxpayer in a schedular multi-rate income tax with income shifting. Analytical expressions for the revenue-maximising tax rate and the revenue-maximising elasticity are provided for the individual taxpayer and the aggregate population, as well as new estimates of the Elasticity of Taxable Income. Applying these to the Spanish income tax demonstrates that 44.72% (58.49%) of the taxpaying population in the non-savings tax base (savings tax base) is on the “normal” side of the Laffer curve. On average, these taxpayers are 6.59 points (24.73 points) above (below) the maximum of the Laffer curve. The fraction of total tax revenue lost through behavioural responses amounts to 53.77%. However, this fraction varies by population subgroup and decreases when we account for income-shifting responses, suggesting the presence of fiscal externalities in the Spanish PIT.