bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventability of Early Readmissions at a Children’s Hospital
Authors: Hain Paul D. , Gay James C. , Berutti Tyler W. , Whitney Gina M. , Wang Wenli , Saville Benjamin R. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether pediatric readmissions within 15 days of discharge were considered preventable.

METHODS:
Retrospective chart review of 200 randomly selected readmissions (8% of all readmissions) occurring within 15 days of discharge from a freestanding children’s hospital between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2008. The degree of preventability was assessed independently for each case by 4 pediatricians using a 5-point Likert scale and was correlated with chronic conditions and reason for index admission with 3M’s Clinical Risk Groups and All Patient-Refined Diagnostic-Related Groups, respectively.

RESULTS:
The rate of 15-day readmissions considered more likely preventable by the discharging hospital was 20.0% (1.7% of total admissions, 95% confidence interval 14.8%–26.4%). Reviewers failed to reach initial consensus in 62.5% of cases, although final consensus was achieved after the panel reviewed cases together. Consensus ratings served as the standard for the remainder of the study. Readmissions in children with malignancies were considered less preventable than those in children with other chronic illnesses (5.8% vs 25.8%, P = .003). Readmissions following surgical admissions were considered more likely preventable than those following medical admissions (38.9% vs 15.9%, P = .002). Central venous catheter infections and ventricular shunt malfunctions accounted for 8.5% of all readmissions reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although initial consensus about which readmissions were more likely preventable was difficult to achieve, the overall rate of preventable pediatric 15-day readmissions was low. Pediatric readmissions are unlikely to serve as a highly productive focus for cost savings or quality measurement.
Effects of Iron Supplementation of LBW Infants on Cognition and Behavior at 3 Years
Authors: Berglund Staffan K. , Westrup Björn , Hägglöf Bruno , Hernell Olle , Domellöf Magnus 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
Low birth weight (LBW) infants are at increased risk of cognitive and behavioral problems and at risk for iron deficiency, which is associated with impaired neurodevelopment. We hypothesized that iron supplementation of LBW infants would improve cognitive scores and reduce behavioral problems.

METHODS:
In a randomized controlled trial, 285 marginally LBW (2000–2500 g) infants received 0, 1, or 2 mg/kg/day of iron supplements from 6 weeks to 6 months of age. At 3.5 years of age, these infants and 95 normal birth weight controls were assessed with a psychometric test (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence) and a questionnaire of behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL).

RESULTS:
There were no significant differences in IQ between the LBW groups or LBW infants versus controls. Mean (SD) full-scale IQ was 105.2 (14.5), 104.2 (14.7), and 104.5 (12.7) in the placebo, 1 mg, and 2 mg groups, respectively (P = .924). However, for behavioral problems, there was a significant effect of intervention. The prevalence of children with CBCL scores above the US subclinical cutoff was 12.7%, 2.9%, and 2.7% in the placebo, 1-mg, and 2-mg groups, respectively (P = .027), compared with 3.2% in controls. Relative risk (95% confidence interval) for CBCL score above cutoff in placebo-treated children versus supplemented was 4.5 (1.4–14.2).

CONCLUSIONS:
Early iron supplementation of marginally LBW infants does not affect cognitive functions at 3.5 years of age but significantly reduces the prevalence of behavioral problems. The study suggests a causal relation between infant iron deficiency and later behavioral problems.
Growth in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Daymont Carrie , Neal Ashley , Prosnitz Aaron , Cohen Meryl S. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
We sought to describe growth in young children with congenital heart disease (CHD) over time.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective matched cohort study, identifying children with CHD in a large primary care network in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware and matching them 10:1 with control subjects. The primary endpoint was the difference in mean World Health Organization z score for cases and controls for weight-for-age (WFAZ), length-for-age (LFAZ), weight-for-length (WFLZ), and head circumference-for-age (HCFAZ) at traditional ages for preventive visits, stratified by CHD category.

RESULTS:
We evaluated 856 cases: 37 with single ventricle (SV) physiology, 52 requiring complex repair (CR), 159 requiring simple repair (SR), and 608 requiring no repair. For children in the SV, CR, and SR categories, large, simultaneous, and statistically significant (Student’s t test P &lt; .05) decreases in WFAZ and LFAZ appeared within the first month of life, peaked near 4 months, and persisted through 24 or 36 months. There were fewer and smaller decreases in the no-repair group between 2 and 18 months. HC data were available between 1 week and 24 months; at those ages, decreases in mean HCFAZ generally paralleled decreases in WFAZ and LFAZ in the SV, CR, and SR groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children with CHD experience early, simultaneous decreases in growth trajectory across weight, length, and head circumference. The simultaneous decrease suggests a role for altered growth regulation in children with CHD.
Improving Situation Awareness to Reduce Unrecognized Clinical Deterioration and Serious Safety Events
Authors: Brady Patrick W. , Muething Stephen , Kotagal Uma , Ashby Marshall , Gallagher Regan , Hall Dawn , Goodfriend Marty , White Christine , Bracke Tracey M. , DeCastro Victoria , Geiser Maria , Simon Jodi , Tucker Karen M. , Olivea Jason , Conway Patrick H. , Wheeler Derek S. 
Published: December 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Failure to recognize and treat clinical deterioration remains a source of serious preventable harm for hospitalized patients. We designed a system to identify, mitigate, and escalate patient risk by using principles of high-reliability organizations. We hypothesized that our novel care system would decrease transfers determined to be unrecognized situation awareness failures events (UNSAFE). These were defined as any transfer from an acute care floor to an ICU where the patient received intubation, inotropes, or ≥3 fluid boluses in first hour after arrival or before transfer.

METHODS:
The setting for our observational time series study was a quaternary care children’s hospital. Before initiating tests of change, 2 investigators reviewed recent serious safety events (SSEs) and floor-to-ICU transfers. Collectively, 5 risk factors were associated with each event: family concerns, high-risk therapies, presence of an elevated early warning score, watcher/clinician gut feeling, and communication concerns. Using the model for improvement, an intervention was developed and tested to reliably and proactively identify patient risk and mitigate that risk through unit-based huddles. A 3-times daily inpatient huddle was added to ensure risks were escalated and addressed. Later, a “robust” and explicit plan for at-risk patients was developed and spread.

RESULTS:
The rate of UNSAFE transfers per 10 000 non-ICU inpatient days was significantly reduced from 4.4 to 2.4 over the study period. The days between inpatient SSEs also increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONS:
A reliable system to identify, mitigate, and escalate risk was associated with a near 50% reduction in UNSAFE transfers and SSEs.
Dietary Salt Intake, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption, and Obesity Risk
Authors: Grimes Carley A. , Riddell Lynn J. , Campbell Karen J. , Nowson Caryl A. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:To determine the association among dietary salt, fluid, and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption and weight status in a nationally representative sample of Australian children aged 2 to 16 years.METHODS:Cross-sectional data from the 2007 Australian National Children’s Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. Consumption of dietary salt, fluid, and SSB was determined via two 24-hour dietary recalls. BMI was calculated from recorded height and weight. Regression analysis was used to assess the association between salt, fluid, SSB consumption, and weight status.RESULTS:Of the 4283 participants, 62% reported consuming SSBs. Older children and those of lower socioeconomic status (SES) were more likely to consume SSBs (both Ps &lt; .001). Dietary salt intake was positively associated with fluid consumption (r = 0.42, P &lt; .001); each additional 1 g/d of salt was associated with a 46 g/d greater intake of fluid, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, and SES (P &lt; .001). In those consuming SSBs (n = 2571), salt intake was positively associated with SSB consumption (r = 0.35, P &lt; .001); each additional 1 g/d of salt was associated with a 17 g/d greater intake of SSB, adjusted for age, gender, SES, and energy (P &lt; .001). Participants who consumed more than 1 serving (≥250 g) of SSB were 26% more likely to be overweight/obese (odds ratio: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.53).CONCLUSIONS:Dietary salt intake predicted total fluid consumption and SSB consumption within consumers of SSBs. Furthermore, SSB consumption was associated with obesity risk. In addition to the known benefits of lowering blood pressure, salt reduction strategies may be useful in childhood obesity prevention efforts.
Adolescent ADHD and Adult Physical and Mental Health, Work Performance, and Financial Stress
Authors: Brook Judith S. , Brook David W. , Zhang Chenshu , Seltzer Nathan , Finch Stephen J. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE:
There is a scarcity of longitudinal studies of adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) followed until adulthood. We studied the relationship between ADHD in adolescence and impaired general physical health, impaired general mental health, antisocial personality disorder, impaired work performance, and high financial stress in adulthood.

METHODS:
A prospective design incorporated 6 assessments of participants spanning mean ages from 14 to 37 years. Two baseline assessments were taken between ages 14 and 16 years, and 5 outcome assessments were taken at mean age 37 years. Participants were assessed with structured interviews and questionnaires. The participants were from a community sample of individuals initially drawn in 1975 and followed to a mean age of 37 years in 2009.

RESULTS:
The adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for ADHD in adolescence as related to internal stress in adulthood were 1.82 (95% CI = 1.01–3.25; P &lt; .05) for impaired general physical health, 2.36 (95% CI = 1.23–4.51; P &lt; .01) for impaired general mental health, and 3.28 (95% CI = 1.51–7.13; P &lt; .01) for antisocial personality disorder. The adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs for ADHD in adolescence as related to external stress were 2.46 (95% CI = 1.37–4.43; P &lt; .01) for impaired work performance and 3.33 (95% CI = 1.70–6.55; P &lt; .001) for high financial stress.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians should focus on early diagnosis and treatment of adolescent ADHD because it is a major predictor of an array of physical, mental, work, and financial problems in adulthood.
Laparoscopos technikával végzett subtotalis gyomorresectióinkról
Authors: Benedek Zsófia , Benedek György , Hamvas József 
Published: December 2012

Absztrakt
A laparoscopos sebészet fejlődése világszerte rohamléptekkel halad előre. Egyre több intraabdominalis vagy retroperitonealis szerv megbetegedésénél lehet műtéti megoldásként alkalmazni. Osztályunkon a laparoscopos profil, azaz epe-, különböző sérv- és vastagbélműtétek mellett a korán diagnosztizált gyomordaganatok laparoscopos sebészi megoldásait kezdtük alkalmazni. Az eljárás bevezetésekor laparoscopos gyomorexcisiók, majd laparoscoppal asszisztált distalis gyomorresectiók után, 2010-ben elkezdtünk subtotalis laparoscopos gyomorresectiókat végezni. Összességében a gyomor laparoscopos műtétei közül ékresectiót, intragastricus mucosaresectiót és laparoscopos subtotalis resectiót tudunk osztályunkon jelenleg elvégezni. Jelen cikkünkben a 2010-ben végzett első négy subtotalis resectióval kapcsolatos kezdeti tapasztalatainkat tesszük közzé. Beteganyagunkból kiválasztottuk azokat, akiknél az elváltozások kis kiterjedésű, 3 cm körüli, malignus sejtburjánzást mutató, több esetben ismert fekély területén kialakult, distalis vagy antralis elhelyezkedésűek voltak. Minden esetben laparoscopos technikával végeztünk subtotalis resectiót retrocolicus gastroentero-anastomosisszal. A betegek kora a műtét típusának választását nem befolyásolta, mivel nemzetközi tapasztalatok szerint a beavatkozás posztoperatív morbiditását, mortalitását nem befolyásolja. A műtétek elvégzéséhez minimum 2, maximum 4 óra időtartam volt szükséges. Kezdeti pozitív tapasztalatainkat megosztva, a műtéti típus végzését javasoljuk.
Sacroiliac Joint Arthrodesis-MIS Technique with Titanium Implants: Report of the First 50 Patients and Outcomes
Authors: Rudolf Leonard 
Published: December 2012

This retrospective study of 50 consecutive patients treated by a single orthopedic spine surgeon in private practice was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion using a series of triangular, porous plasma spray coated titanium implants.Medical charts were reviewed for perioperative metrics, complications, pain, quality of life and satisfaction with surgery. All patients were contacted at a 24 months post-op to assess SI joint pain, satisfaction with surgery and work status.An early and sustained statistically significant improvement in pain function was identified at all post-operative time points (ANOVA, p<0.000). A clinically significant improvement (>2 point change from baseline) was observed in 7 out of 9 domains of daily living. The complication rate was low and more than 80% of patients would have the same surgery again.MIS SI joint fusion appears to be a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of sacroiliac joint disruption or degenerative sacroiliitis.
Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Scott Bobby R. , Dobrzyński Ludwik 
Published: December 2012

“At the early stages of evolution, increasingly complex organisms developed powerful defense mechanisms against such adverse radiation effects as mutation and malignant change. These effects originate in the cell nucleus, where the DNA is their primary target. That evolution has apparently proceeded for so long is proof, in part, of the effectiveness of living things’ defenses against radiation.” Zbigniew Jaworowski 1999 “Chernobyl was indeed an historic event; it is the only nuclear power station disaster that ever resulted in an occupational death toll, albeit a comparatively small one. A vast environmental dispersion of radioactivity occurred that did not cause any scientifically confirmed fatalities in the general population. The worst harm to the population was caused not by radiation, and not to flesh, but to minds.” Zbigniew Jaworowski 2010
Accounting Standards, Cost of Capital, Resource Allocation, and Welfare in a Large Economy
Authors: Zhang Guochang 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
In an extended capital asset pricing model (CAPM) setting, I examine how the quality of accounting standards affects real investment and welfare through its impact on investment hurdle rates. In this model, cash flow uncertainty arises from two fundamental sources relating, respectively, to economic performance and accounting measurement errors, but they combine into a single market factor for asset pricing. Accounting standards matter to real investment not only because information quality affects the required risk premiums on individual projects relative to a given market factor, but also because information quality affects the aggregate investment level and, hence, the market factor itself. I show that improving accounting standards causes both an expansion of the real economy and a shift in capital allocation across firms. While welfare increases as a result, firms in certain risk classes end up with higher costs of capital and lower values, some of which are crowded out from the economy. The study also lends insights into how the real and financial impacts of accounting standards depend on a firm's accounting and economic characteristics.
I/B/E/S Reported Actual EPS and Analysts' Inferred Actual EPS
Authors: Brown Lawrence D. , Larocque Stephannie 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
Users of I/B/E/S data generally act as if I/B/E/S reported actual earnings represent the earnings analysts were forecasting when they issued their earnings estimates. For example, when assessing analyst forecast accuracy, users of I/B/E/S data compare analysts' forecasts of EPS with I/B/E/S reported actual EPS. I/B/E/S states that it calculates actuals using a “majority rule,” indicating that its actuals often do not represent the earnings that all individual analysts were forecasting. We introduce a method for measuring analyst inferred actuals, and we assess how often I/B/E/S actuals do not represent analyst inferred actuals. We find that I/B/E/S reported Q1 actual EPS differs from analyst inferred actual Q1 EPS by at least one penny 39 percent of the time during our sample period, 36.5 percent of the time when only one analyst follows the firm (hence, this consensus forecast is based on the “majority rule”), and 50 percent of the time during the last three years of our sample period. We document two adverse consequences of this phenomenon. First, studies failing to recognize that I/B/E/S EPS actuals often differ from analyst inferred actuals are likely to obtain less accurate analyst earnings forecasts, smaller analyst earnings forecast revisions conditional on earnings surprises, greater analyst forecast dispersion, and smaller market reaction to earnings surprises than do studies adjusting for these differences. Second, studies failing to recognize that I/B/E/S EPS actuals often differ from analyst inferred actuals may make erroneous inferences.
A French Experience of an IFRS Transition
Authors: Bonnier Carole , Demerens Frédéric , Hossfeld Christopher , Le Manh Anne 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT:
In 2005, IFRS became mandatory for consolidated financial statements of French-listed companies. Our students had increasingly international backgrounds, internships, and jobs after graduation. Therefore, we felt the need to modify our French GAAP-based introductory accounting class to a course using IFRS. This article describes the challenges we faced and the solutions we adopted. Since French GAAP are rules-based and IFRS principles-based, the adoption of IFRS modified our learning goals, the learning strategy, and the assessment methods. We changed from a bookkeeping-oriented approach to one in which students have to define and analyze various transactions with respect to the conceptual framework using broader economic and financial concepts. We also had to modify student behavior from a learning attitude of repeating answers to one of finding answers, which meant further developing their analytical, synthesis, and judgment skills. Class material had to be adjusted to better reflect the complex reality and to allow students to make judgments, thus raising the question to what degree of detail certain topics are taught. This new approach also raised challenges in terms of providing feedback to students, grading, and student evaluation. By raising awareness about these issues, we want to contribute to a smoother transition when switching accounting classes from local GAAP to IFRS in other countries.
Glycemia, Insulin Resistance, Insulin Secretion, and Risk of Depressive Symptoms in Middle Age
Authors: Akbaraly Tasnime N. , Kumari Meena , Head Jenny , Ritchie Karen , Ancelin Marie-Laure , Tabák Adam G. , Brunner Eric , Chaudieu Isabelle , Marmot Michael G. , Ferrie Jane E. , Shipley Martin J. , Kivimäki Mika 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
The extent to which abnormal glucose metabolism increases the risk of depression remains unclear. In this study, we investigated prospective associations of levels of fasting glucose and fasting insulin and indices of insulin resistance and secretion with subsequent new-onset depressive symptoms (DepS).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this prospective cohort study of 3,145 adults from the Whitehall II Study (23.5% women, aged 60.6 ± 5.9 years), baseline examination included fasting glucose and insulin level, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-%IR), and the homeostasis model assessment of β-cell insulin secretion (HOMA2-%B). DepS (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale ≥16 or use of antidepressive drugs) were assessed at baseline and at 5-year follow-up.

RESULTS
Over the 5-year follow-up, DepS developed in 142 men and 84 women. Women in the lowest quintile of insulin secretion (HOMA2-%B ≤55.3%) had 2.18 (95% CI 1.25–3.78) times higher odds of developing DepS than those with higher insulin secretion. This association was not accounted for by inflammatory markers, cortisol secretion, or menopausal status and hormone replacement therapy. Fasting insulin measures were not associated with DepS in men, and fasting glucose measures were not associated with new-onset DepS in either sex.

CONCLUSIONS
Low insulin secretion appears to be a risk factor for DepS in middle-aged women, although further work is required to confirm this finding.
Glycation of Apoprotein A-I Is Associated With Coronary Artery Plaque Progression in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Pu Li Jin , Lu Lin , Zhang Rui Yan , Du Run , Shen Ying , Zhang Qi , Yang Zheng Kun , Chen Qiu Jing , Shen Wei Feng 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether glycation level of apoprotein (apo)A-I is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and plaque progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 375 consecutive type 2 diabetic patients undergoing quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 82 patients with nonsignificant stenosis (luminal diameter narrowing &lt;30% [group I]) and 190 patients with significant CAD (luminal diameter stenosis ≥70% [group II]) were included for analysis of apoA-I glycation level and serum activity of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). The control group had 136 healthy subjects. At the 1-year follow-up, angiography and IVUS were repeated mainly in group II patients for plaque progression assessment.

RESULTS
Relative intensity of apoA-I glycation by densitometry was increased, and serum LCAT activity was decreased stepwise across groups control, I, and II. These two measurements were associated with the number of diseased coronary arteries and extent index in group II. During 1-year follow-up, QCA detected 45 patients with plaque progression in 159 subjects, and IVUS found 38 patients with plaque progression in 127 subjects. Baseline relative intensity of apoA-I glycation was significantly increased in patients with plaque progression compared with those without, with values associated with changes in QCA and IVUS measurements. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that baseline relative intensity of apoA-I glycation was an independent determinant of CAD and plaque progression in type 2 diabetic patients.

CONCLUSIONS
ApoA-I glycation level is associated with the severity of CAD and coronary artery plaque progression in type 2 diabetic patients.