bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Evaluation of the Docking Plus Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction Technique Compared With the Docking Technique
Authors: McGraw Molly A. , Kremchek Timothy E. , Hooks Todd R. , Papangelou Chris 
Published: November 2012

Background: Surgical techniques for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction have evolved since first described by Jobe. A modified reconstruction technique has been developed, called the docking plus technique, and the authors biomechanically compared it to the commonly performed docking technique. Hypothesis: The docking plus technique for UCL reconstruction will demonstrate greater ligament stiffness than the docking technique. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten matched pairs of human cadaveric specimens (mean age ± SD, 52 ± 6 years) were loaded to failure at an elbow flexion angle of 30° at a compressive rate of 14 mm/s. The specimens underwent reconstruction with an autologous graft using the docking plus or docking technique. The reconstructed and native specimens were loaded to failure at the same parameters. Results: The most common mode of failure in the native UCL was midsubstance rupture and avulsion from the ulnar ligament insertion, while the docking plus group failed by suture rupture and the docking group by suture pullout and midsubstance rupture. The mean ± SD stiffness of the native UCL was 21.0 ± 9.0 N/mm, docking plus technique was 11.2 ± 6.6 N/mm, and docking technique was 5.3 ± 1.5 N/mm. The mean stiffness of the docking plus reconstruction was statistically greater ( P = .004) than that of the docking technique. The mean ± SD ultimate moment for the native UCL was 35.0 ± 14.0 N·m, docking plus technique was 20.6 ± 7.3 N·m, and docking technique was 8.6 ± 5.1 N·m. The moment across the elbow joint at failure of the docking plus reconstruction was statistically greater ( P = .002) than that of the docking technique. Conclusion: The docking plus technique reproduces greater ligament stiffness and demonstrates a higher failure moment immediately after reconstruction than does the docking technique. Clinical Relevance: The docking plus technique allows greater stiffness and a higher moment to failure immediately after reconstruction and describes a way to maintain constant graft tension during fixation, resulting in a biomechanically stronger UCL reconstruction.
Skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction: a retrospective analysis of the surgical and patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Kim Zisun , Kang Sang Gue , Roh Jung Ho , Park Ji Hye , Lee Jihyoun , Kim SungYong , Lim Cheol Wan , Lee Min Hyuk 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and latissimus dorsi (LD) flap immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is a tailored surgical procedure. The surgical and patient-reported outcome (PRO) of SSM and LD IBR were assessed.

Methods
Retrospective data of 146 SSMs performed by a single surgeon was reviewed. Among patients included in the data, 65 patients underwent SSM and LD IBR without a prosthetic implant. A survey estimating the degree of patient satisfaction (poor, fair, good, and excellent) as regards the cosmetic outcomes of surgery was performed. The patients were divided into two groups according to their degree of satisfaction (excellent group versus non- excellent group), and analysis was done to identify factors affecting the highest patient satisfaction.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 48.4 years, and pathological results were: infiltrating ductal carcinoma (n = 48, 73.8%), ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 15, 23.1%), and others (n = 2, 3.1%). One patient received postmastectomy radiotherapy. After a mean follow-up of 34 months, no local recurrence occurred. There was no skin necrosis or LD flap loss. Donor site morbidities were seroma (n = 8, 12.3%), scarring (n = 8, 12.3%), and back pain (n = 6, 9.2%). Fifty patients (76.9%) were satisfied and 40% reported their degree of satisfaction as excellent. Breast symmetry (P <0.001), nipple cosmesis (P <0.001), visual difference of bilateral breasts (P = 0.021), and panel assessment score (P <0.001) were factors that affected the highest patient satisfaction.

Conclusions
Our SSM and LD IBR was safe, with no local recurrence and low morbidities, and produced a sufficiently high level of patient satisfaction. Achieving breast symmetry and nipple cosmesis would be the key to meeting the patient’s expectation.
Intracardiac injection of a capsid-modified Ad5/35 results in decreased heart toxicity when compared to standard Ad5
Authors: Toivonen Raine , Koskenvuo Juha , Merentie Mari , Söderström Mirva , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Savontaus Mikko 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Clinical gene therapy trials for cardiovascular diseases have demonstrated the crucial role of efficient gene delivery and transfection technologies in achieving clinically relevant results. We hypothesized that the use of tropism-modified adenoviruses would improve transduction efficacy and to this end we analyzed the transduction efficiency and toxicity of standard Ad5 and tropism-modified Ad5/35 in combination with ultrasound-guided intramyocardial gene delivery.

Methods
Ultrasound-guided intracardiac injections were used to deliver 1 × 1010 pfu/ml Ad5-lacZ and Ad5/35-lacZ vectors into mouse left ventricle wall. Since Ad5/35 uses human CD46 as its primary receptor, we used transgenic hCD46Ge mice expressing human CD46 at levels comparable to man. Mice were sacrificed 6 or 14 days post-injection and immunohistochemistry and X-gal staining were used to detect transgene and viral receptor expression. Virus-induced cardiac toxicity was evaluated by a pathologist.

Results
The intramyocardial injection was well tolerated and both Ad5-lacZ and Ad5/35-lacZ were able to give robust transgene expression after a single injection. Interestingly, while Ad5-lacZ was able to generate greater transgene expression than Ad5/35-lacZ, it also evoked more severe tissue damage with large areas of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltration and myocyte necrosis.

Conclusions
Ultrasound-guided intramyocardial injection is an effective and safe way to deliver vectors to the heart. The observed severe tissue damage of Ad5-lacZ greatly undermines the efficient transgene expression and suggests that Ad5/35 capsid modification can result in safer adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy, although at the cost of some vector transduction efficacy.
Prolonged exposure to acid and bile induces chromosome abnormalities that precede malignant transformation of benign Barrett’s epithelium
Authors: Bajpai Manisha , Aviv Hana , Das Kiron M 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Abstract
Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an asymptomatic, pre-malignant condition of the esophagus that can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). BE arises typically in individuals with long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The neoplastic progression of BE has been extensively studied histologically and defined as a metaplasia- dyplasia- carcinoma sequence. However the genetic basis of this process is poorly understood. It is conceived that preclinical models of BE may facilitate discovery of molecular markers due to ease of longitudinal sampling. Clinical markers to stratify the patients at higher risk are vital to institute appropriate therapeutic intervention since EAC has very poor prognosis. We developed a dynamic in-vitro BE carcinogenesis (BEC) model by exposing naïve Barrett’s epithelium cell line (BAR-T) to acid and bile at pH4 (B4), 5min/day for a year. The BEC model acquired malignant characteristics after chronic repeated exposure to B4 similar to the sequential progression of BE to EAC in vivo.

Aim
To study cytogenetic changes during progressive transformation in the BEC model.

Results
We observed that the BAR-T cells progressively acquired several chromosomal abnormalities in the BEC model. Evidence of chromosomal loss (-Y) rearrangements [t(10;16) and dup (11q)] and clonal selection appeared during the early stages of the BEC model. Clonal selection resulted in a stabilized monoclonal population of cells that had a changed morphology and formed colony in soft agar. BAR-T cells grown in parallel without any exposure did not show any of these abnormalities.

Conclusions
Prolonged acid and bile exposure induced chromosomal aberrations and clonal selection in benign BAR-T cells. Since aneuploidy preceded morphological/dysplastic changes in the BEC model, chromosomal aberrations may be an early predictor of BE progression. The [t(10;16) and dup(11q)] aberrations identified in this study harbor several genes associated with cancer and may be responsible for neoplastic behavior of cells. After further validation, in-vivo, they may be clinically useful for diagnosis of BE, progressing to dysplasia/esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Technical challenges and limitations of current mouse models of ovarian cancer
Authors: Garson Kenneth , Gamwell Lisa F , Pitre Elizabeth MG , Vanderhyden Barbara C 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The development of genetically engineered models (GEM) of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been very successful, with well validated models representing high grade and low grade serous adenocarcinomas and endometrioid carcinoma (EC). Most of these models were developed using technologies intended to target the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), the cell type long believed to be the origin of EOC. More recent evidence has highlighted what is likely a more prevalent role of the secretory cell of the fallopian tube in the ontogeny of EOC, however none of the GEM of EOC have demonstrated successful targeting of this important cell type.
The precise technologies exploited to develop the existing GEM of EOC are varied and carry with them advantages and disadvantages. The use of tissue specific promoters to model disease has been very successful, but the lack of any truly specific OSE or oviductal secretory cell promoters makes the outcomes of these models quite unpredictable. Effecting genetic change by the administration of adenoviral vectors expressing Cre recombinase may alleviate the perceived need for tissue specific promoters, however the efficiencies of infection of different cell types is subject to numerous biological parameters that may lead to preferential targeting of certain cell populations.
One important future avenue of GEM of EOC is the evaluation of the role of genetic modifiers. We have found that genetic background can lead to contrasting phenotypes in one model of ovarian cancer, and data from other laboratories have also hinted that the exact genetic background of the model may influence the resulting phenotype. The different genetic backgrounds may modify the biology of the tumors in a manner that will be relevant to human disease, but they may also be modifying parameters which impact the response of the host to the technologies employed to develop the model.
Study protocol: systematic review of the burden of heart failure in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Bennett Derrick A , Eliasz Thomas K , Forbes Anna , Kiszely Alastair , Khosla Rajit , Petrinic Tatjana , Praveen Devarsetty , Shrivastava Roohi , Xin Du , Patel Anushka , MacMahon Stephen , Rahimi Kazem 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Setting priorities for the prevention and management of heart failure requires an empirical understanding of the pattern of disease burden. We aim to describe the methods for a systematic review of the literature on burden of heart failure in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and how this information will be synthesized to produce useful estimates that can inform policy and practice.

Methods
We will conduct a comprehensive search strategy for articles published between 1995 and April 2012 related to incidence, prevalence and treatment of heart failure in LMIC. Populations will be coded as urban, rural, or combined and studies classified as national, sub-national, healthcare system-based, or community level. Details from eligible studies will be extracted independently by two reviewers using a pre-designed data extraction form that will cover information on demographics, diagnostic criteria including disease incidence and prevalence, medical history, medication history, and hospital- or community-based management and outcomes. We will assess the reporting and methodological quality of the included studies and conduct a quantitative summary of reported outcomes where appropriate.

Discussion
Currently, there are important gaps in our knowledge on the burden of heart failure in LMIC and this systematic review aims to provide useful information that improves our knowledge in this field. Results are expected to be publicly available in early 2013.
Predictors of patient uptake of colorectal cancer gene environment risk assessment
Authors: Hall Michael J , Manne Sharon L , Myers Ronald E , Keenan Eileen M , Balshem Andrew M , Weinberg David S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background
In an ongoing clinical trial, the genetic and environmental risk assessment (GERA) blood test offers subjects information about personal colorectal cancer risk through measurement of two novel low-to-moderate risk factors. We sought to examine predictors of uptake of the GERA blood test among participants randomized to the Intervention arm.

Methods
Primary care patients aged 50 to 74 years eligible for colorectal cancer screening are randomized to receive a mailed stool blood test kit to complete at home (Control) or to the control condition plus an in-office blood test called GERA that includes assessment of red blood cell folate and DNA-testing for two MTHFR (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (Intervention). For the present study, baseline survey data are examined in participants randomized to the Intervention.

Results
The first 351 intervention participants (161 African American/190 white) were identified. Overall, 249 (70.9%) completed GERA testing. Predictors of GERA uptake included race (African American race, odds ratio (OR) 0.51 (0.29 to 0.87)), and being more knowledgeable about GERA and colorectal cancer screening (OR 1.09 (1.01 to 1.18)). Being married (OR 1.81 (1.09 to 3.00)) was also significant in the multivariable model.

Conclusions
Participant uptake of GERA testing was high. GERA uptake varied, however, according to socio-demographic background and knowledge.
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sounni Nor Eddine , Noel Agnès 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND
With the emergence of the tumor microenvironment as an essential ingredient of cancer malignancy, therapies targeting the host compartment of tumors have begun to be designed and applied in the clinic.

CONTENT
The malignant features of cancer cells cannot be manifested without an important interplay between cancer cells and their local environment. The tumor infiltrate composed of immune cells, angiogenic vascular cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, and cancer-associated fibroblastic cells contributes actively to cancer progression. The ability to change these surroundings is an important property by which tumor cells are able to acquire some of the hallmark functions necessary for tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Thus in the clinical setting the targeting of the tumor microenvironment to encapsulate or destroy cancer cells in their local environment has become mandatory. The variety of stromal cells, the complexity of the molecular components of the tumor stroma, and the similarity with normal tissue present huge challenges for therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment. These issues and their interplay are addressed in this review. After a decade of intensive clinical trials targeting cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, more recent investigations have shed light on the important role in cancer progression played by the noncellular stromal compartment composed of the extracellular matrix.

SUMMARY
A better understanding of how the tumor environment affects cancer progression should provide new targets for the isolation and destruction of cancer cells via interference with the complex crosstalk established between cancer cells, host cells, and their surrounding extracellular matrix.
Some New Hunting Scenes in Pre-Dynastic C-Wares
Authors: Navajas Ana Isabel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper focuses mainly on two Predynastic C-ware pots (3900-3650 BC). Following a more in-depth examination, a new explanation is offered for London Petrie Museum UC15331, different to that exposed previously in some recent works. Regarding Oxford Ashmolean Museum 1946.297, a new reading of the decoration is proposed, taking into account evidence for similar decorated pots of the Naqada I period.
Crystalline Titanate Ceramic for Immobilization of Tc-99
Authors: Korneyko Yulia I. , Britvin Sergey N. , Burakov Boris E. , Lotnyk Andriy , Kienle Lorenz , Depmeier Wulf , Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTTechnetium-99 is considered as one of the most dangerous nuclear environmental pollutants due to its long half-life (210,000 y.) and high mobility in aqueous solutions under oxidizing conditions. Development of sorbents, which are capable of irreversible uptake of Tc and further direct conversion into durable ceramic waste forms, is an important field of research. Titanate ceramic doped with up to 10 wt. % Tc was successfully synthesized using Layered Hydrazinium Titanate, LHT-9 (PCT/EP2010/001864) as starting precursor. LHT-9 is a new advanced compound of general formula (N2H5)1/2Ti1.87O4xH2O containing 6-7 wt. % of hydrazine chemically incorporated into a TiO2-based matrix. It was demonstrated that LHT-9 (5g/l) can reductively adsorb up to 90.2 wt. % of Tc from aqueous solutions containing 0.5g Tc/l. The obtained adsorption products can be easily converted into stable titanate ceramic by one-step sintering in argon atmosphere at 1200°C. Phase and chemical composition of synthesized Tc-doped ceramic are discussed.
Sorption of Nuclear Waste Components by Layered Hydrazinium Titanate: a Straightforward Route to Durable Ceramic Forms
Authors: Britvin Sergey N. , Korneyko Yulia I. , Burakov Boris E. , Lotnyk Andriy , Kienle Lorenz , Depmeier Wulf , Krivovichev Sergey V. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTLayered hydrazinium titanate LHT-9, (N2H5)1/2Ti1.87O4 is a new nanohybrid material related to lepidocrocite-type titanates. Unique combination of ion exchange, reductive properties, surface activity due to Brønsted acid sites and occurrence of surface titanyl groups allows exploring LHT-9 for simultaneous uptake of almost all components of liquid nuclear wastes. LHT-9 irreversibly removes technetium, molybdenum, palladium and selenium from their aqueous solutions by specific mechanism of reductive adsorption. For removal of cesium, strontium, transition elements, actinides and lanthanides LHT-9 provides mechanisms of ion exchange and surface complexation. Products of adsorption are nanocrystalline and homogeneous powders loaded with 5 to 15 wt. % of radionuclides and non-radioactive elements. LHT-9 can be applied as ready-to-use precursor for one-step synthesis of durable titanate ceramic waste forms similar to SYNROC. An essential advantage of LHT-9 in comparison with other titanate sorbents (monosodium titanate and peroxo-titanate materials) is the absence of Na in its composition that permits arbitrary tailoring of sorbent properties by simple pre-treatment with the desired elements. Results on sorption of americium, cesium, strontium and lanthanides by LHT-9 are discussed.
Rapid microwave synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3X (X = F, Cl, Br and I) vanadinite apatites for the immobilisation of halide radioisotopes.
Authors: Stennett Martin C. , Pinnock Ian J. , Hyatt Neil C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMicrowave dielectric heating was utilized to synthesize potential host phases for halide radioisotopes. Synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3I was successfully achieved, without the use of a sealed container, using a modified domestic microwave oven (DMO) operating at 2.45 GHz. Rapid synthesis of Pb5(VO4)3X (X = F, Cl, Br) was also achieved using a commercially available microwave muffle furnace, also operating at 2.45 GHz. The combination of rapid heating rate and inverse temperature profile characteristic of microwave heating was found to promote formation of the target phases whilst retarding the volatilization of the halide species. Pb5(VO4)3I ceramic bodies produced in the DMO exhibited a heterogeneous zoned microstructure, whereas Pb5(VO4)3X phases with X = F, Cl, and Br fabricated in the microwave muffle furnace were dimensionally uniform suggesting this could be a promising route to fabricating single phase, dense halide containing ceramics.
Buffering of pH conditions in sodium bentonite
Authors: Pulkkanen Veli-Matti S. , Itälä Aku P. , Muurinen Arto K. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTA bentonite buffer is a part of the engineering barrier system of the geological disposal concept for spent nuclear fuel in Finland. The chemical conditions in the bentonite porewater determine the solubility, speciation and diffusion/sorption behaviour of the radionuclides in the bentonite. The OH-groups on the edge sites of the montmorillonite, the main component of bentonite, can buffer the pH conditions especially in the case that the buffering capacity of the accessory minerals is small. In this work, the pH conditions created by the interaction of sodium montmorillonite and an acetate buffer solution were studied experimentally in batch experiments and in compacted sodium montmorillonite. In the experiment with the compacted sample, the ends of an 18.4 mm long cylinder were exposed to an external solution of 0.3 M NaCl and 0.1 M acetate adjusted to pH 5 with NaOH. The effects were monitored by measuring the pH in the montmorillonite sample at 5 mm and 9.2 mm from the solution-montmorillonite interface as a function of time. The batch experiment was modelled considering the surface reactions of montmorillonite and the dissolution reactions of calcite and the added constituents to explain the observed phenomena.
Safety assessment methodology focused on response characteristics of the disposal system and safety assessment for TRU waste in Japan
Authors: Ohi T. , Ueda H. , Hyodo H. , Chiba T. , Takase T. , Takamura H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIn order to enhance the safety of geological disposal and the reliability of the safety assessment carried out for each stage of the geological disposal project, an assessment methodology focused on a sensitivity analysis and an evaluation of importance, which incorporates “system understanding” and “information feedback” into the existing assessment approach, has been developed in this study. In this paper, the assessment methodology and the assessment results as applied for the transuranic (TRU) waste disposal system in Japan will be described. In the sensitivity analysis, an approximate analytical solution was used in order to understand the response characteristics of the engineered barrier system (EBS). In the importance evaluation, important factors relating to the robustness of system safety were identified based on the response characteristics. Furthermore, important features, events, and processes (FEPs) related to such factors and high-impact scenarios were identified based on the information accumulated through “system understanding” and “information feedback”. Based on this approach, the robustness of the TRU waste disposal system was assessed and measures for improving the robustness were identified.