bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under the sword of Damocles: plausible regeneration of dark matter cusps at the smallest galactic scales
Authors: Laporte Chervin F. P. , Peñarrubia Jorge 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We study the evolution of the dark matter (DM) halo profiles of dwarf galaxies driven by the accretion of DM substructures through controlled N-body experiments. Our initial conditions assume that early supernova feedback erases the primordial DM cusps of haloes with z = 0 masses of 109 − 1010 M⊙. The orbits and masses of the infalling substructures are borrowed from the Aquarius cosmological simulations. Our experiments show that a fraction of haloes that undergo 1:3 down to 1:30 mergers are susceptible to reform a DM cusp by z ≈ 0. Cusp regrowth is driven by the accretion of DM substructures that are dense enough to reach the central regions of the main halo before being tidally disrupted. The infall of substructures on the mean of the reported mass–concentration relation and a mass ratio above 1:6 systematically leads to cusp regrowth. Substructures with 1:6–1:8, and 1:8–1:30 only reform DM cusps if their densities are 1σ and 2σ above the mean, respectively. The merging time-scales of these dense, low-mass substructures is relatively long (5 − 11 Gyr), which may pose a time-scale problem for the longevity of DM cores in dwarfs galaxies and possibly explain the existence of dense dwarfs-like Draco. These results suggest that within cold dark matter a non-negligible level of scatter in the mass profiles of galactic haloes acted on by feedback is to be expected given the stochastic mass accretion histories of low-mass haloes and the diverse star formation histories observed in the Local Group dwarfs.
Psychiatric Disorders and Psychopharmacologic Treatment as Risk Factors in Elective Fast-track Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jørgensen Christoffer C. , Knop Joachim , Nordentoft Merete , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a Danish evaluation of 8,757 knee or hip procedures, 11.4% of patients were receiving psychopharmacological treatment therapy for mental disorders according to a preoperative questionnaire and nationwide prescription data. Patients treated with serotonin inhibitors, other antidepressants, and/or antipsychotics had increased risk of postoperative morbidity after fast-track arthroplasty, regardless of treatment type and preoperative comorbidities.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background
Psychiatric disorder (PsD) is rarely considered when evaluating perioperative risk factors. Studies on PsD are often limited by use of administrative coding, incomplete follow-up, and lack of preoperative data on psychopharmacological treatment.

Methods
A multicenter study with prospective registration on preoperative comorbidity, complete 90-day follow-up, and information on dispensed prescriptions on psychopharmacological treatment (excluding benzodiazepines). All departments used similar fast-track approaches and discharge to home. Evaluation of postoperative morbidity was based on discharge records. Odds ratios for length of stay (LOS) more than 4 days and surgery-related readmissions were calculated using multiple logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders.

Results
Of 8,757 procedures, 1,001 (11.4%) were in PsD patients. Of these, 43.4% used selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs), 31.6% used other antidepressants, 8.5% used a combination, and 16.5% used antipsychotics. PsD was associated with increased risk of LOS more than 4 days (16.5 vs. 7.3%; odds ratio, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.52 to 2.37), regardless of treatment with SSRIs (2.19; 1.62 to 2.97), other antidepressants (1.81; 1.25 to 2.61), or antipsychotics (1.90; 1.62 to 3.16). PsD was associated with increased 30- (9.9 vs. 5.1%; 1.93; 1.49 to 2.49) and 90-day surgery-related readmissions (12.8 vs. 7.4%; 1.68; 1.34 to 2.10), significant for SSRIs (1.97; 1.38 to 2.82 and 1.77; 1.29 to 2.43), other antidepressants (2.24; 1.51 to 3.32 and 1.82; 1.27 to 2.61), and antipsychotics (1.85; 1.03 to 3.31, 30 days only). In PsD patients, pain (1.4%), postoperative anemia (1.1%), and pulmonary complications (1.1%) were the most frequent causes of LOS more than 4 days. Hip displacements (2.8%) and falls (1.9%) were the most frequent readmissions, and 90-day surgery-related mortality was 0.7% with and 0.2% without PsD.

Conclusions
Psychopharmacologically treated PsD is a risk factor for postoperative morbidity after fast-track arthroplasty, regardless of treatment type. This may be due to PsD per se and/or drug-related side effects.
Intraoperative Methadone for the Prevention of Postoperative Pain
Authors: Murphy Glenn S. , Szokol Joseph W. , Avram Michael J. , Greenberg Steven B. , Marymont Jesse H. , Shear Torin , Parikh Kruti N. , Patel Shivani S. , Gupta Dhanesh K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAbstract
Intraoperative methadone administration may be superior to intraoperative fentanyl for the control of pain during the 24-h period following cardiac surgery. The superior pain control provided by methadone does not appear to involve a higher likelihood of opioid-related adverse events in this setting.

Background:
The intensity of pain after cardiac surgery is often underestimated, and inadequate pain control may be associated with poorer quality of recovery. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of intraoperative methadone on postoperative analgesic requirements, pain scores, patient satisfaction, and clinical recovery.

Methods:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 156) were randomized to receive methadone (0.3 mg/kg) or fentanyl (12 μg/kg) intraoperatively. Postoperative analgesic requirements were recorded. Patients were assessed for pain at rest and with coughing 15 min and 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after tracheal extubation. Patients were also evaluated for level of sedation, nausea, vomiting, itching, hypoventilation, and hypoxia at these times.

Results:
Postoperative morphine requirements during the first 24 h were reduced from a median of 10 mg in the fentanyl group to 6 mg in the methadone group (median difference [99% CI], −4 [−8 to −2] mg; P < 0.001). Reductions in pain scores with coughing were observed during the first 24 h after extubation; the level of pain with coughing at 12 h was reduced from a median of 6 in the fentanyl group to 4 in the methadone group (−2 [−3 to −1]; P < 0.001). Improvements in patient-perceived quality of pain management were described in the methadone group. The incidence of opioid-related adverse events was not increased in patients administered methadone.

Conclusions:
Intraoperative methadone administration resulted in reduced postoperative morphine requirements, improved pain scores, and enhanced patient-perceived quality of pain management.
PoMo: An Allele Frequency-based Approach for Species Tree Estimation
Authors: Maio Nicola De , Schrempf Dominik , Kosiol Carolin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncomplete lineage sorting can cause incongruencies of the overall species-level phylogenetic tree with the phylogenetic trees for individual genes or genomic segments. If these incongruencies are not accounted for, it is possible to incur several biases in species tree estimation. Here, we present a simple maximum likelihood approach that accounts for ancestral variation and incomplete lineage sorting. We use a POlymorphisms-aware phylogenetic MOdel (PoMo) that we have recently shown to efficiently estimate mutation rates and fixation biases from within and between-species variation data. We extend this model to perform efficient estimation of species trees. We test the performance of PoMo in several different scenarios of incomplete lineage sorting using simulations and compare it with existing methods both in accuracy and computational speed. In contrast to other approaches, our model does not use coalescent theory but is allele-frequency based. We show that PoMo is well suited for genome-wide species tree estimation and that on such data it is more accurate than previous approaches.
Proteomic analysis of Dhh1 complexes reveals a role for Hsp40 chaperone Ydj1 in yeast P-body assembly
Authors: Cary Gregory A. , Vinh Dani B.N. , May Patrick , Kuestner Rolf , Dudley Aimee M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTP-bodies (PB) are ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes that aggregate into cytoplasmic foci when cells are exposed to stress. While the conserved mRNA decay and translational repression machineries are known components of PB, how and why cells assemble RNP complexes into large foci remain unclear. Using mass spectrometry to analyze proteins immunoisolated with the core PB protein Dhh1, we show that a considerable number of proteins contain low-complexity (LC) sequences, similar to proteins highly represented in mammalian RNP granules. We also show that the Hsp40 chaperone Ydj1, which contains an LC domain and controls prion protein aggregation, is required for the formation of Dhh1-GFP foci upon glucose depletion. New classes of proteins that reproducibly co-enrich with Dhh1-GFP during PB induction include proteins involved in nucleotide or amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, tRNA aminoacylation, and protein folding. Many of these proteins have been shown to form foci in response to other stresses. Finally, analysis of RNA associated with Dhh1-GFP shows enrichment of mRNA encoding the PB protein Pat1 and catalytic RNAs along with their associated mitochondrial RNA-binding proteins, suggesting an active role for RNA in PB function. Thus, global characterization of PB composition has uncovered proteins and RNA that are important for PB assembly.
Quality of first trimester risk prediction models for pre‐eclampsia: a systematic review
Authors: Brunelli VB , Prefumo F 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundThere is an increasing interest in first trimester risk prediction models for pre‐eclampsia.ObjectivesTo systematically review and critically assess the building and reporting of methods used to develop first trimester risk prediction models for pre‐eclampsia.Search strategySearch of PubMed and EMBASE databases from inception to July 2013.Selection criteriaLogistic regression model for predicting the risk of pre‐eclampsia in the first trimester, including uterine artery Doppler among independent variables.Data collection and analysisWe extracted information on study design, outcome definition, participant recruitment, sample size and number of events, risk predictors and their selection and treatment, model‐building strategies, missing data, overfitting and validation.Main resultsThe initial search identified 80 articles. A total of 24 studies were eligible for review, from which 38 predictive models were identified. The median number of study participants was 697 [interquartile range (IQR) 377– 5126]. The median number of cases of pre‐eclampsia per model was 37 (IQR 19–97). The median number of risk predictors was 5 (IQR 3.75–7). In 22% of the models, the number of events per variable was fewer than the commonly recommended value of 10 events per predictor; this proportion increased to 94% in models for early pre‐eclampsia. Treatment and handling of missing data were not reported in 37 models. Only three models reported model validation.ConclusionsWe found frequent methodological deficiencies in studies reporting risk prediction models for pre‐eclampsia. This may limit their reliability and validity.
Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and twin births: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Løvvik TS , Wikström A‐K , Neovius M , Stephansson O , Roos N , Vanky E 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in twin births among women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.PopulationWe identified 20 965 women with twin births between 1995 and 2009 of whom 226 had a PCOS diagnosis through linkage between the Swedish Medical Birth Register and the Swedish National Patient Register.MethodsCalculating risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using a log‐binomial regression model and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CI for preterm birth.Main outcome measuresPreterm birth, low birthweight, caesarean section, pre‐eclampsia, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes and perinatal mortality.ResultsPCOS diagnosis in twin pregnancy was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (51% versus 43%, RR 1.18 [95% CI 1.03–1.37]), particularly spontaneous preterm delivery (37% versus 28%; RR 1.30 [95% CI 1.09–1.55]) and very preterm birth (<32 weeks) (14% versus 8%, RR 1.62 [95% CI 1.10–2.37]). Twins of PCOS mothers had more often low birthweight (48% versus 39%, adjusted RR 1.40 [95% CI 1.09–1.80]). This difference disappeared when adjusting for gestational age. No risk difference was found for caesarean section, pre‐eclampsia, low 5‐minute Apgar score or perinatal mortality.ConclusionsThe risk of preterm delivery in twin pregnancies is increased by having a PCOS diagnosis. This should be considered in risk estimation and antenatal follow‐up of twin pregnancies.
Severe adverse effects of bromocriptine in lactation inhibition: a pharmacovigilance survey
Authors: Bernard N , Jantzem H , Becker M , Pecriaux C , Bénard‐Laribière A , Montastruc JL , Descotes J , Vial T ,   the French Network of Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the nature and conditions of the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of bromocriptine, which is used to inhibit lactation.DesignObservational study.SettingCases from the French pharmacovigilance database and the marketing authorisation holders.SampleSerious ADRs reported between 1994 and 2010 in association with bromocriptine used for lactation inhibition in France.MethodsEach case was checked to confirm the bromocriptine indication, the seriousness of the ADR, the modalities of bromocriptine use, and to identify possible associated predisposing factors.Main outcome measuresNumber and description of serious ADRs, with a particular focus on misuse and associated predisposing factors.ResultsAmong 105 serious ADRs, including two fatal cases, the most frequent were cardiovascular (70.5%), neurological (14.3%), and psychiatric (8.6%) disorders. Cardiovascular disorders primarily consisted of ischaemic manifestations (n = 47): acute ischaemic stroke (n = 18, one death), myocardial infarction (n = 11, one death), and reversible postpartum cerebral angiopathy (n = 10). Misuse was identified in 52 cases (70.3%) of cardiovascular disorders, and mostly consisted of bromocriptine continuation despite the occurrence of first symptoms suggesting an ADR or the absence of a progressive titration of bromocriptine. About half of these women had cardiovascular predisposing factors, mainly tobacco smoking, overweight or obesity, or a history of hypertension or pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsThis survey, together with published data, provides further evidence that serious ADRs still occur after bromocriptine use in lactation inhibition, and that most of these ADRs could have been avoided. The use of bromocriptine should therefore be limited to cases where no other options are available to inhibit lactation.
Prevalence of colorectal neoplasm in Chinese patients with high‐risk coronary artery disease classified by the Asia–Pacific Colorectal Screening score
Authors: Yang Xiao Bo , Xu Qing Ling , Xu Chen Ying , Wu Chao , Yu Li Fen 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in patients coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, individuals with suspected CAD in the absence of cancer‐related symptoms underwent coronary angiography for the first time, and were divided into CAD and non‐CAD groups. Colonoscopy was performed in individuals at high‐risk tier based on their Asia–Pacific colorectal screening (APCS) score. Their waist circumference (WC), height and body weight were measured.ResultsThere were 634 of 1157 individuals at a high risk of developing advanced colorectal neoplasms, 91.0% (577/634) of whom were male smokers. The proportion of CAD patients in the high‐risk tier was 81.5% (517/634), while the prevalences of adenomas (32.1% vs 22.2%, P < 0.05) and advanced adenomas (14.7% vs 8.5%, P < 0.05) were significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non‐CAD group. After 83 individuals with a family history of CRC were excluded, only the prevalence of adenomas was still significantly higher in the CAD group than in the non‐CAD group (25.5% vs 16.0%, P < 0.01). Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 was correlated with the occurrence of adenomas (OR 2.133, 95% CI 1.219–3.730, P = 0.008) in CAD patients.ConclusionsEven in the absence of family history of CRC, CAD patients at a high risk of developing advanced colorectal neoplasms classified by the APCS score still showed a remarkably high prevalence of colorectal adenomas. Moreover, the association between the occurrence of adenomas and CAD was stronger in overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) individuals.
Temporal patterns of citrus greasy spot‐induced defoliation of sweet orange cultivars in Brazil
Authors: Silva S.X.B. , Soares A.C.F. , Almeida D.O. , Santos‐Filho H.P. , Laranjeira F.F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecôncavo Baiano is an area favourable for the occurrence of citrus greasy spot (CGS) (Mycosphaerella citri), but there has been no study of this pathosystem in Brazil. This work aimed to characterise the temporal patterns of CGS‐induced defoliation in sweet orange cultivars ‘Bahia’ (Washington Navel) and ‘Pêra’. Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were recorded, as well as weekly defoliation (fallen leaves/canopy m2 or m3). Considering the mean of fallen leaves per canopy m2, and mean canopy area, the total annual defoliation was estimated to be around 32 000 leaves per plant for ‘Bahia’ and 18 500 for ‘Pêra’ sweet orange. Spectral density analysis showed that defoliation has a 5‐week‐long main cycle for both cultivars. The proportion of symptomatic fallen leaves was never below 0.97. The monthly number of fallen leaves per canopy area was positively correlated with the mean CGS incidence on leaves. Defoliation was significant, resulting in a low leaf density throughout the year. Many defoliation cycles and the very high proportion of symptomatic fallen leaves assure a constant inoculum supply. Based on these results, CGS cannot be considered a minor disease, at least in Recôncavo Baiano.
Implants for the ageing population
Authors: Dudley J 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDental implant treatment has established benefits over traditional alternatives. Age‐related changes in systemic and oral health in conjunction with social, economic and resource considerations often introduce complexities into dental implant treatment of ageing patients. When time, opportunity, discomfort and maintenance costs are coupled with cost‐benefit and quality of life predictions, otherwise simple treatment decisions can become more difficult. Implants for different types of prostheses in both arches and the different types of prostheses themselves present a variety of treatment challenges, risks, benefits and maintenance requirements. This narrative review discusses selective literature pertinent to the provision of dental implant treatment in the ageing population.
Medico‐legal aspects of dental treatment of the ageing and aged patient
Authors: Story RD 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe medico‐legal aspects of the dental management of ageing and aged patients relate mainly to the assessment of the patient's competence and the role of substitute decision makers. Dentists will assess whether or not a patient is competent to give informed consent to treatment. Lawyers use the word ‘capacity’ when deciding whether a person can make an important decision about their life. Competence and capacity mean the same thing.Assessment of competence and the role of substitute decision makers rests firmly on a sound understanding of the ethical basis of dental practice. This article will discuss the ethical basis of dental practice; the assessment of competence and the gaining of informed consent; the role of substitute decision makers and the nature of the decisions that are made at the end of life.
Ageing, dementia and oral health
Authors: Foltyn P 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNeurocognitive decline and delirium, frailty, incontinence, falls, hearing and vision impairment, medication compliance and pharmacokinetics, skin breakdown, impaired sleep and rest are regarded as geriatric giants by gerontologists, geriatricians and nursing home staff. As these are all interrelated in the elderly, failure to act on one can impact on the others. However, the implications of poor oral health have for too long been ignored and deserve equal status. Mouth pain can be devastating for the elderly, compound psychosocial problems, frustrate carers and nursing home staff and disrupt family dynamics. As appearance, function and comfort suffer, so may a person's self‐esteem and confidence. The contributing factors for poor oral health such as rapid dental decay, acute and chronic periodontal infections and compromised systemic health on a background of a dry mouth, coupled with xerostomia‐inducing medications, reduced fine motor function, declining cognition and motivation will not only lead to an increase in both morbidity and mortality but also impact on quality of life.
Cultural aspects of ageing and health promotion
Authors: Mariño RJ 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe emphasis of Australian Government policy is on the promotion of good health in later life and positive experiences with ageing. Conceptually, a new gerontology framework has replaced the study of disease, decline, loss and disability. Within this framework, health promotion offers a mechanism by which individuals can be assisted to create environments that offer better opportunities for continued participation in society and improved quality of health and self‐care. Oral health is instrumental to older people's health, life satisfaction, quality of life and perception of self. Australia is culturally diverse, composed of numerous ethno‐cultural groups coexisting within a larger, predominant culture, creating a multicultural and multiracial society. However, despite this cultural diversity, the well documented ageing profile of the Australian population and repeated calls for comprehensive geriatric assessment, the oral health of older adults remains a challenge for oral health providers and for society. A major challenge will be to translate existing knowledge and experience of disease prevention and health promotion into appropriate programmes for older adults. Health promotion is the key to improving oral health in later life as it encourages older adults to be proactive in regard to their health. Therefore, increased efforts should be directed towards identifying opportunities for health promotion activities and the development of community based models that encourage older people to improve and maintain their oral health. Ignoring opportunities for health promotion may increase inequalities in oral health and may lead to even greater demands for curative and oral rehabilitative services from these groups This article firstly provides a brief rationale for oral health promotion. Its second part explores the influence of culture on health beliefs, behaviours and outcomes in older adults and how oral health can relate to cultural background. The last section presents the results of an oral health promotion programme for older adults.
Accessing habitats first helps less when your competitors themselves have help
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpecies that arrive early into a new habitat influence the interspecific interactions of later arrivals, thereby shaping the structure, functioning and evolutionary potential of biological communities. Burkle & Belote (Applied Vegetation Science, this issue) show that the advantage conferred to pioneer species by earlier access is reduced in the presence of soil mutualists, offering important lessons for restoration.