bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race/Ethnicity and the Relationship Between Homeownership and Health
Authors: Ortiz Selena E. , Zimmerman Frederick J. 
Published: February 2013

Objectives. We investigated whether race/ethnicity moderates the association between homeownership and health and whether this association is the same for racial/ethnic minorities as for non-Latino Whites. Methods. With data on US-born Latinos, African Americans, and non-Latino Whites from the 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Survey, we used weighted multivariate regression techniques in fully adjusted models, controlling for socioeconomic and demographic factors, to test the association between homeownership and number of psychological health conditions, number of general health conditions, self-perceived health status, and health trade-offs. Results. Race/ethnicity significantly moderates the effect of homeownership on self-perceived health status, incidence of general health conditions, and health trade-offs, including delays in accessing medical care and delays in obtaining prescription medication. Although homeownership was a robust, independent predictor for each health outcome in the non-Latino White population, the association disappeared in statistical significance for racial/ethnic minorities. Conclusions. The mechanisms that create a significant association between homeownership and health seem not to be operative for racial/ethnic minorities or are countervailed by other processes, such as possible housing insecurity, that may create an adverse association. Homeownership provides a baseline for future investigations.
Future Directions in Research on Institutional and Interpersonal Discrimination and Children’s Health
Authors: Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Rosenfeld Lindsay E. , Hardy Erin , McArdle Nancy , Osypuk Theresa L. 
Published: February 2013

Research evidence indicates that 2 forms of racial discrimination—perceived interpersonal discrimination and racial/ethnic residential segregation (a form of institutional discrimination)—may influence children’s health and disparities.Although research on these 2 forms of discrimination and health has primarily focused on adults, smaller bodies of work have documented that perceived interpersonal discrimination and segregation have a negative effect on infants’ health, and that perceived interpersonal discrimination may negatively affect children’s mental health.Three directions for research are (1) incorporating a life-course perspective into studies of discrimination and children’s health, (2) linking residential segregation with geography-of-opportunity conceptual frameworks and measures, and (3) considering residential segregation along with segregation in other contexts that influence children’s health (e.g., schools).
Text Messaging to Communicate With Public Health Audiences: How the HIPAA Security Rule Affects Practice
Authors: Karasz Hilary N. , Eiden Amy , Bogan Sharon 
Published: February 2013

Text messaging is a powerful communication tool for public health purposes, particularly because of the potential to customize messages to meet individuals’ needs. However, using text messaging to send personal health information requires analysis of laws addressing the protection of electronic health information. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) Security Rule is written with flexibility to account for changing technologies. In practice, however, the rule leads to uncertainty about how to make text messaging policy decisions. Text messaging to send health information can be implemented in a public health setting through 2 possible approaches: restructuring text messages to remove personal health information and retaining limited personal health information in the message but conducting a risk analysis and satisfying other requirements to meet the HIPAA Security Rule.
“They’re Going to Die Anyway”: Smoking Shelters at Veterans’ Facilities
Authors: Offen Naphtali , Smith Elizabeth A. , Malone Ruth E. 
Published: February 2013

Military personnel and veterans are disadvantaged by inadequate tobacco control policies. We conducted a case study of a Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) effort to disallow smoking and tobacco sales in VA facilities. Despite strong VA support, the tobacco industry created a public relations–focused grassroots veterans’ opposition group, eventually pushing the US Congress to pass a law requiring smoking areas in every VA health facility. Arguing that it would be unpatriotic to deny veterans this “freedom” they had ostensibly fought for and that banning smoking could even harm veterans’ health, industry consultants exploited veterans’ organizations to protect tobacco industry profits. Civilian public health advocates should collaborate with veterans to expose the industry’s manipulation, reframe the debate, and repeal the law.
Evaluating Hospitals’ Provision of Community Benefit: An Argument for an Outcome-Based Approach to Nonprofit Hospital Tax Exemption
Authors: Rubin Daniel B. , Singh Simone Rauscher , Jacobson Peter D. 
Published: February 2013

Nonprofit hospitals are exempt from federal income taxation if they pass organizational and operational tests, including satisfying the community-benefit standard. Policymakers, however, have questioned the adequacy of the community benefits that nonprofit hospitals provide in exchange for these exemptions. The Internal Revenue Service recently responded to these concerns by redesigning its tax forms for nonprofit hospitals. The new Form 990 Schedule H requires nonprofit hospitals to provide additional information about their community-benefit activities. This new reporting requirement, however, places an undue focus on input-based community-benefit indicators, in particular expenditures. We argue that expanding the current input-based reporting requirement to include not only monetary inputs but also population health outcomes would achieve greater benefit for society.
Addiction Industry Studies: Understanding How Proconsumption Influences Block Effective Interventions
Authors: Adams Peter J. 
Published: February 2013

The legalized consumption of products with addiction potential, such as tobacco and alcohol, contributes in myriad ways to poor physical and mental health and to deterioration in social well- being. These impacts are well documented, as are a range of public health interventions that are demonstrably effective in reducing harm. I have discussed the capacity for the profits from these substances to be deployed in ways that block or divert resources from interventions known to be effective. Addiction industry studies constitute a new and previously neglected area of research focusing specifically on understanding the salient relationships that determine policy and regulation. This understanding will increase the odds of adopting effective interventions.
The Affordable Care Act: The Value of Systemic Disruption
Authors: Shaffer Ellen R. 
Published: February 2013

It is important to recognize the political and policy accomplishments of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), anticipate its limitations, and use the levers it provides strategically to address the problems it does not resolve. Passage of the ACA broke the political logjam that long stymied national progress toward equitable, quality, universal, affordable health care. It extends coverage for the uninsured who are disproportionately low income and people of color, curbs health insurance abuses, and initiates improvements in the quality of care. However, challenges to affordability and cost control persist. Public health advocates should mobilize for coverage for abortion care and for immigrants, encourage public-sector involvement in negotiating health care prices, and counter disinformation by opponents on the right.
Alcohol Outlets and Binge Drinking in Urban Neighborhoods: The Implications of Nonlinearity for Intervention and Policy
Authors: Ahern Jennifer , Margerison-Zilko Claire , Hubbard Alan , Galea Sandro 
Published: February 2013

Objectives. Alcohol outlet density has long been associated with alcohol-related harms, and policymakers have endorsed alcohol outlet restriction to reduce these harms. However, potential nonlinearity in the relation between outlet density and alcohol consumption has not been rigorously examined. Methods. We used data from the New York Social Environment Study (n = 4000) to examine the shape of the relation between neighborhood alcohol outlet density and binge drinking by using a generalized additive model with locally weighted scatterplot smoothing, and applied an imputation-based marginal modeling approach. Results. We found a nonlinear relation between alcohol outlet density and binge drinking; the association was stronger at densities of more than 80 outlets per square mile. Binge drinking prevalence was estimated to be 13% at 130 outlets, 8% at 80 outlets, and 8% at 20 outlets per square mile. Conclusions. This nonlinearity suggests that reductions in alcohol outlet density where density is highest and the association is strongest may have the largest public health impact per unit reduction. Future research should assess the impact of policies and interventions that aim to reduce alcohol outlet density, and consider nonlinearity in effects.
The World Health Organization’s Safe Abortion Guidance Document
Authors: Van Look Paul F. A. , Cottingham Jane 
Published: February 2013

We discuss the history of the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) development of guidelines for governments on providing safe abortion services, which WHO published as Safe Abortion: Technical and Policy Guidance for Health Systems in 2003 and updated in 2012. We show how the recognition of the devastating impact of unsafe abortion on women’s health and survival, the impetus of the International Conference on Population and Development and its five-year follow-up, and WHO’s progressive leadership at the end of the century enabled the organization to elaborate guidance on providing safe abortion services. Guideline formulation involved extensive review of published evidence, an international technical expert meeting to review the draft document, and a protracted in-house review by senior WHO management.
Toxic Metals Biosorption by Jatropha curcas Deoiled Cake: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
Authors: Rawat Anand P. , Rawat Monica , Rai J. P. N. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: The equilibrium sorption of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution using Jatropha curcas deoiled cake, has been studied with respect to adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, and initial metal concentration in batch mode experiments. Removal of Cu(II) by deoiled cake was greater than that of Cr(VI). The adsorbent chemical characteristics, studied by Fourier transform–infrared analysis, suggested that the presence of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) in the biomass influenced the bands corresponding to hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. Desorption studies revealed that maximum metals recovery was achieved by HNO3 followed by CH3COOH and HCl. The Freundlich isotherm model showed good fit to the equilibrium adsorption data. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo‐second‐order model, which provided the best correlation for the biosorption process, and suggested that J. curcas deoiled cake can be used as an efficient biosorbent over other commonly used sorbents for decontamination of Cr(VI)‐ and Cu(II)‐containing wastewater.
Correlation of chromosome damage and promoter methylation status of the DNA repair genes MGMT and hMLH1 in Chinese vinyl chloride monomer (VCM)-exposed workers
Authors: Wu Fen , Liu Jing , Qiu Yu-Lan , Wang Wei , Zhu Shou-Min , Sun Pin , Miao Wen-Bin , Li Yong-Liang , Brandt-Rauf Paul , Xia Zhao-Lin 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Temperature and Denaturing Substances Influence on Lab-on-a-Chip Electrophoresis
Authors: Trenčevska Olgica , Aleksovski Vasko , Stojanoski Kiro 
Published: February 2013

Temperature and Denaturing Substances Influence on Lab-on-a-Chip Electrophoresis
Qualitative and quantitative determination of proteins in different biological fluids is of great significance in medicine, due to their importance in diagnosis and treatment of some diseases. Nowadays, different methods for protein analysis are available. Lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis is a relatively new technique, based on microfluidics, which allows samples of biological fluids to be analyzed within a microchip. This paper describes the optimization of performance of the chip-based protein analyses in serum samples from patients with different neurological disorders. Using microchip technology, serum proteins with the molecular mass from 4.5 to 240 Kb were separated and sized. The fluorescence detection method in the analysis was used to follow the influence of the temperature and the type and concentration of denaturing substances on the electrophoresis protein profiles. It was noted that, depending on incubation temperature and denaturing substances, different electrophoresis patterns can be obtained from the proteins of one specimen. Significant change of the fluorescence intensity was observed when different incubation temperatures were used, probably due to fluorescence quenching. In some cases, the band intensity was changed several times. Lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis is a very efficient method for the separation and determination of different serum proteins in a very short time. However, to obtain comparable results for the analysis, the denaturing agent concentration and temperature must be observed and maintained carefully.
Observation on the Changes in Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Post-Burn Patients: Significance in Relation to Creatine Kinase
Authors: Ahmad Riaz , Qayyum Saba , Hasnain Absar-ul , Ara Anjum , Khan Arshad , Alam Mumtaz 
Published: February 2013

Observation on the Changes in Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Post-Burn Patients: Significance in Relation to Creatine Kinase
The present study deals with the quantitative assessment of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the sera of burn subjects. Efforts are also made here to show better predictive marker value of sera LDH, as a few other known protein markers like creatine kinase and myoglobin have limited analytical value in the management of thermal burns. Blood was initially collected at day-1 of admission from 29 burn and 10 healthy subjects. Further, the sampling was carried out at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days of wound healing (recovery). Plasma and sera LDH isoenzymes were monitored on 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitative assessment of LDH isoenzymes was done from gelscans using GelPro and Scion Imaging softwares. Sera CK levels were estimated colorimetrically using reagent kits. Our results show that quantitative changes in LDH isoenzyme were more convincing and interpretable in the sera than plasma. Sera LDH-5 isoenzyme was detected as the major contributor of total sera LDH activity, which follows a change parallel to sera CK in burn subjects. Sera LDH-5 activity also remains significantly high for up to 10 days while sera CK levels were detected elevated up to 5 days (P<0.05) during the recovery of patients. Therefore, the present findings strongly recommended the use of sera to assess the LDH activity and indicate better stability of sera LDH-5 than sera CK during post burn wound healing.
Antifungal Azole Metabolites: Significance in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Authors: Kokil Sachin , Bhatia Manish 
Published: February 2013

Antifungal Azole Metabolites: Significance in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
Individualised therapy and factors determining such variability among patients are confusing to both physicians and their patients because of the observed therapeutic, metabolic and toxic response. The same is true about antifungal azoles. They are under the influence and become targets of metabolic drug-drug interactions where more than one active form of the drug may be involved. The clinical relevance of these interactions may vary upon the azole involved and upon the intention of drug administration. The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of azole drugs as indicated by the reviewed data make the need for characterization of all their metabolites even more evident. The health care systems also emphasize the identification and quantitation of the metabolites for a comprehensive understanding of the biological safety of individual metabolites, thus, revealing the need and scope of bioanalytical research in metabolite and toxicity profiling of drugs. Availability of protocols for qualitative and quantitative characterization of all metabolites will have many applications for therapeutic drug monitoring, bioequivalence, toxicological and all related studies. Identification of metabolites may be done by a variety of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, either alone or in combination with other techniques. Conventional liquid chromatography has been exploited widely in the field of metabolite profiling. The arrival of hyphenated techniques has revolutionized metabolite profiling, by not only separating but also generating data for the structural identification of metabolites as well. Among all techniques, the most exploited are Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Liquid Chromatography-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy-Mass Spectroscopy and Extraction-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. This compilation provides a tool for the metabolic, bioanalytical and biomedical understanding of antifungal azole metabolites.
Phosphorus sorption properties of deposits from peat-muck soil profile in the Kuwasy object
Authors: Sapek Barbara 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Sorption capacity and the energy of phosphorus adsorption on muck and peat deposits were studied in peat- -muck soil profile from a lowland peatland in the Kuwasy object. Soils of the area are characterised by a laminar structure which results in variable sorption properties of peat deposits of different origin, degree of humification (decomposition - R) and transformation of organic matter of upper muck layers (degree of mucking - Z). There was a relationship between the maximum phosphorus adsorption calculated from the Langmuir isotherm (b) and adsorption energy (k) and the type and degree of humification of peat and transformation of muck mass. Muck deposits of the maximum sorption capacity similar to that of peat deposits bind phosphorus less intensively than peats. One may expect that different sorption capacity and the strength of phosphorus binding will effect in different migration of inorganic and organic P compounds in soil profile and their transfer to ground waters.
Predicting Risk of Collision for Oil Tankers in the Gulf of Finland
Authors: Montewka Jakub 
Published: February 2013

Predicting Risk of Collision for Oil Tankers in the Gulf of Finland
the Gulf of Finland (GOF) is considered one of the most dense place in the world in terms of marine traffic, and in addition to the Danish Straits it forms the narrowest and shallowest waters in the Baltic Sea. As the volume of shipping in the GOF increases constantly, so does the risk of accidents. This paper presents a model for risk assessment for vessels colliding with emphasis put on tankers. A new adaptation of pre-existent physical model based on molecular collision theory for probability of collision assessment is presented. The consequences of an accident are expressed in the monetary terms, and concern the costs due to an oil spill. Neither loss of humans' life nor structural damages were considered in the presented risk model. The risk that colliding tankers pose are assessed for winter and traffic summer profiles separately.
Simulation and optimization of heavy-duty semitrailer dynamic model/Symulacja i optymalizacja dynamicznego modelu naczepy pojazdów transportu ciężkiego
Authors: Korta Jakub , Martowicz Adam , Gallina Alberto , Uhl Tadeusz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This paper presents an optimization of a multibody truck semitrailer model; its
purpose was to find the best values of suspension parameters in order to minimize the
disadvantageous influence of force distribution in the high risk areas. A number of
simulations with different parameters and under different load cases have been carried out,
combined with a parametric and structural sensitivity analysis, and in this way individual
factors influencing particular forces have been estimated. The stiffness and damping
coefficients of the construction suspension system have been adjusted by applying
metamodeling techniques, using two different approaches: Kriging and polynomial
regression. Finally, using a desirability function, the most optimal solution has been found.
Differences in the Efficiency Between the Grab and Track Starts for Both Genders in Greek Young Swimmers
Authors: Thanopoulos Vassilios , Rozi Georgia , Okičić Tomislav , Dopsaj Milivoj , Jorgić Bojan , Madić Dejan , Veličković Saša , Milanović Zoran , Spanou Fani , Batis Emilios 
Published: February 2013

Differences in the Efficiency Between the Grab and Track Starts for Both Genders in Greek Young Swimmers
The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the kinematic parameters between the grab and track starts and the differences in these two starts between genders. A total of 27 swimmers at the competitive level participated in the study, 13 boys (mean ± SD: age 15.8 ± 0.8 years, body mass 67.7 ± 7.7 kg and body height 178.6 ± 5.7 cm) and 14 girls (mean ± SD: age 16 ± 0.8 years, body mass 59.2 ± 6.6 kg and body height 166.2 ± 6.7 cm). Each swimmer performed three attempts for both start techniques. The best attempt of the grab start and the track start was taken for further analysis. The following kinematic parameters were analysed: flight distance, flight time, flight velocity, entry angle and reaction time. The males had greater numeric values for the results in all kinematic parameters for the grab start compared with the track start, except for flight velocity and entry angle (flight time 0.42 vs. 0.41 s, flight distance 3.21 vs. 3.14 m, flight velocity 7.76 vs. 7.83 m/s, entry angle 44.22 vs. 43.85 degrees and reaction time 0.86 vs. 0.81 s). The females also had greater numeric values for the results in all kinematic parameters for the grab start compared with the track start, except for flight time (flight time 0.38 vs. 0.38 s, flight distance 2.82 vs. 2.73 m, flight velocity 7.47 vs. 7.31 m/s, entry angle 45.18 vs. 44.79 degrees and reaction time 0.88 vs. 0.82 s). These results indicate that the males had significantly better results for flight time and flight distance compared with the females for the grab start (flight time 0.42 vs. 0.38 s, flight distance 3.21 vs. 2.82 m). In the case of the track start, the males had significantly better results for flight distance (3.14 vs. 2.73 m). Exploring the characteristics of the two starts did not lead to any significant kinematic differences. Therefore, a conclusion that demonstrates the superiority of one of the techniques cannot be reached. The coach, together with each swimmer individually, should devote some time to decide after some tests what type of start is better for the body type and general qualifications of the swimmer.