bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiographic Profiling of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Advanced Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab
Authors: Tirumani Sree Harsha , Ramaiya Nikhil H. , Keraliya Abhishek , Bailey Nancy D. , Ott Patrick A. , Hodi F. Stephen , Nishino Mizuki 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Ipilimumab is a promising novel immunotherapy agent and is associated with a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAE). The purpose of this study was to investigate the manifestations of irAEs on body imaging in patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. One-hundred forty-seven patients with advanced melanoma (59 women, 88 men; median age, 64.5 years) treated with ipilimumab were studied. All patients had the baseline and at least one follow-up chest/abdomen/pelvis CT or PET/CT during therapy, which were reviewed by a consensus of two radiologists blinded to the clinical data. Findings indicative of individual types of irAEs were assessed, including thyroiditis, sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and colitis. Among the 147 patients, 46 (31%) had radiologically identified irAEs. The time interval from the initiation of therapy to the development of irAEs was less than 3 months in 76% (35 of 46) of the patients (range, 0.2–9.1 months). Clinical characteristics did not differ between patients with and without irAEs (P &gt; 0.18). Among the individual types of irAEs, colitis was most common (n = 28; 19%), followed by sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy (n = 8; 5%) and pneumonitis (n = 8; 5%). Hepatitis (n = 3), thyroiditis (n = 2), and pancreatitis (n = 1) were less common. The resolution of irAEs was noted in 32 of 36 patients (89%) with further follow-up scans, with a median time of 2.3 months after the detection of irAE. In conclusion, irAEs were noted on body imaging in 31% of patients with melanoma treated with ipilimumab. Colitis was the most common, followed by sarcoid-like lymphadenopathy and pneumonitis. The results call for an increased awareness of irAEs, given the expanding role of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(10); 1185–92. ©2015 AACR.
Language Membership Identification Precedes Semantic Access: Suppression during Bilingual Word Recognition
Authors: Hoversten Liv J. , Brothers Trevor , Swaab Tamara Y. , Traxler Matthew J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Previous research suggests that bilingual comprehenders access lexical representations of words in both languages nonselectively. However, it is unclear whether global language suppression plays a role in guiding attention to target language representations during ongoing lexico-semantic processing. To help clarify this issue, this study examined the relative timing of language membership and meaning activation during visual word recognition. Spanish–English bilinguals performed simultaneous semantic and language membership classification tasks on single words during EEG recording. Go/no-go ERP latencies provided evidence that language membership information was accessed before semantic information. Furthermore, N400 frequency effects indicated that the depth of processing of words in the nontarget language was reduced compared to the target language. These results suggest that the bilingual brain can rapidly identify the language to which a word belongs and subsequently use this information to selectively modulate the degree of processing in each language accordingly.
Autobiographical Planning and the Brain: Activation and Its Modulation by Qualitative Features
Authors: Spreng R. Nathan , Gerlach Kathy D. , Turner Gary R. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo engage in purposeful behavior, it is important to make plans, which organize subsequent actions. Most studies of planning involve “look-ahead” puzzle tasks that are unrelated to personal goals. We developed a task to assess autobiographical planning, which involves the formulation of personal plans in response to real-world goals, and examined autobiographical planning in 63 adults during fMRI scanning. Autobiographical planning was found to engage the default network, including medial-temporal lobe and midline structures, and executive control regions in lateral pFC and parietal cortex and caudate. To examine how specific qualitative features of autobiographical plans modulate neural activity, we performed parametric modulation analyses. Ratings of plan detail, novelty, temporal distance, ease of plan formulation, difficulty in goal completion, and confidence in goal accomplishment were used as covariates in six hierarchical linear regression models. This modeling procedure removed shared variance among the ratings, allowing us to determine the independent relationship between ratings of interest and trial-wise BOLD signal. We found that specific autobiographical planning, describing a detailed, achievable, and actionable planning process for attaining a clearly envisioned future, recruited both default and frontoparietal brain regions. In contrast, abstract autobiographical planning, plans that were constructed from more generalized semantic or affective representations of a less tangible and distant future, involved interactions among default, sensory perceptual, and limbic brain structures. Specific qualities of autobiographical plans are important predictors of default and frontoparietal control network engagement during plan formation and reflect the contribution of mnemonic and executive control processes to autobiographical planning.
One century after: a reappraisal of the gnathos (sensu Pierce, 1914) <br />in Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
Authors: SCHMIDT OLGA 
Published: June 2015

One century ago, F.N. Pierce in his well-known monograph on the genitalia of Geometridae (Lepidoptera), divided the family into two major subdivisions, the Gnathoi and the Agnathoi, depending on the presence or absence of the gnathos in males. In his study, Pierce assigned the Larentiinae to the Agnathoi based on the apparent absence of the gnathos in this subfamily. A re-examination of the male genitalic characters of numerous larentiine species representing 14 different tribes provided, contrary to Pierce’s results, evidence for the presence of the gnathos in Larentiinae. Illustrations of the gnathos (or its remnants) in male genitalia of selected species are provided and the value of the uncus and gnathos for inferring phylogenetic relationships is discussed.
The Relation between Vocational Training in High School and Economic Outcomes
Authors: Gustman Alan L. , Steinmeier Thomas L. 
Published: June 2015

This paper examines the relationships between various economic outcomes and vocational training in high school for those who have completed exactly twelve years of schooling. The authors attempt to determine whether the findings remain robust when different surveys and time periods of analysis, different measures of the quality and kind of vocational training, and other variations in specifications are used. Using some samples with particular specifications, the authors find evidence of positive returns to vocational schooling. For white females enrolled in business programs the evidence is strongest. For white males the evidence is much weaker, but the authors do find that trade and industry courses may have a positive influence on subsequent yearly earnings. Sample sizes for minorities are small, and so the findings for them remain unclear. Within specific sex and race groups the findings vary, sometimes widely, depending on the samples, time periods, and dependent variables used and on the specification of the estimating equation.
Changing attitudes about disability: The impact of the ‘Accessible Community’ program
Authors: Zychlinski Ester , Ben-Ezra Menachem , Raz Yaira Hamama 
Published: June 2015

Summary We examined whether participation in the ‘Accessible Community’ program (an Israeli nationwide community program), changed social work students’ attitudes towards people with disabilities. A total of 150 social work students in their first year were divided into task groups focusing on variety activities for and with people with disabilities. The students attended an academic course in community social work, and completed an ‘Attitudes towards Persons with Disability’ questionnaire (ATDP) prior and subsequent to participation; 58.67% ( N = 88) completed the questionnaire before the project, 79 also filled it in afterwards (89.7%). Findings Two subscales of ATDP for positive and negative items were composed in order to extrapolate more specific data. Participation in the project did not lead to any significant overall change in attitude. Yet, negative attitudes were significantly associated with previous volunteering and prior negative attitudes, while positive attitudes were significantly associated with prior positive attitudes. Applications It is important to identify amongst those working in the helping professions their prior attitudes toward people with disabilities in order to provide them with significant corrective experiences during their practical training.
Treatment of vertebrobasilar fusiform aneurysms with Pipeline embolization device
Authors: Ahmed Osama , Storey Christopher , Kalakoti Piyush , Deep Thakur Jai , Zhang Shihao , Nanda Anil , Guthikonda Bharat , Cuellar Hugo 
Published: June 2015

Object Treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms with Pipeline embolization device (PED) (ev3/Covidien Vascular Therapies) has gained recent popularity. One application of PEDs that is not well described in the literature is the utility and long-term safety in treatment of vertebrobasilar fusiform (VBF) aneurysms. Despite the advancements in endovascular therapy, VBF aneurysms continue to challenging pathology. The authors provide long-term follow-up of VBF aneurysms treated with PEDs. Methods We retrospectively reviewed four patients that were treated at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport with PEDs for VBFs from 2012 to 2014. Each patient was discussed in a multidisciplinary setting between neurosurgeons and neurointerventionalists. Each patient underwent platelet function tests to ensure responsiveness to anti-platelet agents and was treated by one neurointerventionalist (HC). All patients were placed on aspirin and Plavix and were confirmed for therapeutic response prior to discharge. Results Follow-up ranged from 12 to 25 months, with a mean of 14.25 months. Two cases presented with a recurrence after the initial treatment, both of which required subsequent treatment. Of the four patients treated, one patient developed hemiparesis and three died. Conclusion Despite reports describing successful treatment of VBF aneurysms with PEDs, delayed complications after obliteration and remodeling can occur. We describe our institutional experience of VBFs treated with PEDs. Treatment of holobasilar fusiform aneurysms may carry a worse prognosis after treatment. Further long-term follow-up will provide a better understanding of this pathology.
Outcomes of endovascular occlusion and stenting in the treatment of carotid blowout
Authors: Brinjikji Waleed , Cloft Harry J 
Published: June 2015

Background and purpose Carotid blowout is a life threatening complication of invasive head and neck cancers and their treatments. This is commonly treated with endovascular embolization and carotid stenting. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we report the immediate clinical results of patients receiving embolization and/or stenting for treatment of carotid blowout associated with head and neck cancer. Materials and methods Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the period 2003–2011, we defined carotid blowout patients as those with head and neck malignancies receiving carotid stenting and/or endovascular embolization without open surgery. Outcomes studied included mortality, acute ischemic stroke, hemiplegia/paresis, and other post-operative neurologic complications. Outcomes for the endovascular embolization and carotid stenting group were compared. Results A total of 1218 patients underwent endovascular treatment for carotid blowout. Of these, 1080 patients (88.6%) underwent embolization procedures and 138 patients (11.4%) underwent carotid stenting. The mortality rate of endovascular embolization patients was similar to that of carotid stenting patients (8.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.5%–9.7% versus 10.2%, 95% CI=6.0%–16.4%, p = 0.36). Stroke rate was similar between embolization patients and stenting patients (2.3%, 95% CI=1.6%–3.4% vs. 3.4%, 95% CI=1.3%–8.4%, p = 0.43). Hemiplegia rates were significantly higher rate in stenting patients compared with endovascular occlusion patients (3.8%, 95% CI=1.3%–8.4% vs. 1.4%, 95% CI=1.4%–2.4%, p = 0.05). The rate of post-operative neurologic complications was higher in stenting patients compared with embolization patients (6.5%, 95% CI=3.3%–12.1% vs. 1.4%, 95% CI=0.9%–2.4%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Given the natural history of carotid blowout, carotid stenting and endovascular embolization are acceptable means of treating this disease. Endovascular embolization remains the most common treatment among patients with head and neck cancers with lower overall rates of post-operative neurologic complications, including hemiplegia/paresis and stroke.
Spinal Cord Stimulation Modulates Supraspinal Centers of the Descending Antinociceptive System in Rats with Unilateral Spinal Nerve Injury
Authors: Tazawa Toshiharu , Kamiya Yoshinori , Kobayashi Ayako , Saeki Kensuke , Takiguchi Masahito , Nakahashi Yusuke , Shinbori Hironobu , Funakoshi Kengo , Goto Takahisa 
Published: June 2015

Background The descending antinociceptive system (DAS) is thought to play crucial roles in the antinociceptive effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), especially through its serotonergic pathway. The nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) in the rostral ventromedial medulla is a major source of serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] to the DAS, but the role of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) in the ventral periaqueductal gray matter is still unclear. Moreover, the influence of the noradrenergic pathway is largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the involvement of these serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways in SCS-induced antinociception by behavioral analysis of spinal nerve-ligated (SNL) rats. We also investigated immunohistochemical changes in the DRN and locus coeruleus (LC), regarded as the adrenergic center of the DAS, and expression changes of synthetic enzymes of 5-HT [tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)] and norepinephrine [dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH)] in the spinal dorsal horn. Results Intrathecally administered methysergide, a 5-HT1-and 5-HT2-receptor antagonist, and idazoxan, an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, equally abolished the antinociceptive effect of SCS. The numbers of TPH-positive serotonergic and phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB)-positive neurons and percentage of pCREB-positive serotonergic neurons in the DRN significantly increased after 3-h SCS. Further, the ipsilateral-tocontralateral immunoreactivity ratio of DβH increased in the LC of SNL rats and reached the level seen in naïve rats, even though the number of pCREB-positive neurons in the LC was unchanged by SNL and SCS. Moreover, 3-h SCS did not increase the expression levels of TPH and DβH in the spinal dorsal horn. Conclusions The serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways of the DAS are involved in the antinociceptive effect of SCS, but activation of the DRN might primarily be responsible for this effect, and the LC may have a smaller contribution. SCS does not potentiate the synthetic enzymes of 5HT and norepinephrine in the neuropathic spinal cord.
Expression quantitative trait locus analysis for translational medicine
Authors: Gibson Greg , Powell Joseph E , Marigorta Urko M 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExpression quantitative trait locus analysis has emerged as an important component of efforts to understand how genetic polymorphisms influence disease risk and is poised to make contributions to translational medicine. Here we review how expression quantitative trait locus analysis is aiding the identification of which gene(s) within regions of association are causal for a disease or phenotypic trait; the narrowing down of the cell types or regulators involved in the etiology of disease; the characterization of drivers and modifiers of cancer; and our understanding of how different environments and cellular contexts can modify gene expression. We also introduce the concept of transcriptional risk scores as a means of refining estimates of individual liability to disease based on targeted profiling of the transcripts that are regulated by polymorphisms jointly associated with disease and gene expression.
Kinetics of lung tissue factor expression and procoagulant activity in bleomycin induced acute lung injury
Authors: Ma Li , Shaver Ciara M. , Grove Brandon S. , Mitchell Daphne B. , Wickersham Nancy E. , Carnahan Robert H. , Cooper Tracy L. , Brake Brittany E. , Ware Lorraine B. , Bastarache Julie A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundActivation of coagulation by expression of tissue factor (TF) in the airspace is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI) but the timing of TF activation in relationship to increases in lung permeability and inflammation are unknown.MethodsTo test the hypothesis that TF is upregulated early in the course of acute bleomycin lung injury and precedes increased permeability and inflammation we studied the early course of bleomycin‐induced ALI in mice. Mice were treated with 0.04U intratracheal bleomycin or vehicle control and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected daily for 7 days. Whole lung TF mRNA was determined by QT‐PCR. TF protein was assessed by ELISA and immunostaining. BAL procoagulant activity was measured by BAL clot time and thrombin‐antithrombin complexes. Inflammation was assessed by BAL cell count, differentials and CXCL1/KC concentration. Lung permeability was assessed by BAL protein and lung wet to dry weight ratio.ResultsExpression of CXCL1 occurred by day 1. BAL protein and lung wet‐to‐dry weight ratio increased significantly by day 3. TF mRNA and BAL procoagulant activity peaked on day 4 while whole lung TF protein peaked on day 6. Changes in permeability and procoagulant activity preceded inflammatory cell influx which was maximal at day 6 while whole lung TF protein peaked along with inflammation.ConclusionThese data demonstrate that cytokine upregulation is the earliest response to bleomycin administration, followed by increased lung permeability, upregulation of TF, and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
An examination of the relationship between childhood abuse, anger and violent behavior among a sample of sex offenders
Authors: Ramirez Stephanie R , Jeglic Elizabeth L , Calkins Cynthia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Increasing attention has focused on the emotional dysregulation that can result from adverse childhood experiences among those who commit sexually violent crimes. While studies confirm a relationship between child maltreatment and anger the research is limited and it is unclear how anger and child maltreatment effect the use of violence during the commission of the sex crime.

Methods
This study examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment, anger and violent behavior by reviewing the records of 571 adult male offenders convicted of sexual assault or child molestation. The aims of the present study were to 1) examine differences in anger levels between those offenders who engaged in verbal or physical violence or used a weapon during the commission of their crime; 2) explore differences in anger levels for those sex offenders who experienced childhood abuse (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect) and those who were not; 3) examine whether there were differences in anger between rapists and child molesters and 4) assess whether anger either mediated or moderated the relationship between childhood abuse and the use of violence in the commission of the crime.

Results
Overall we found that sex offenders who were rated as being angrier were more likely to have used violence in the commission of their crime and were more likely to be abused as children. Further, while these relationships held for both rapists and child molesters independently, rapists were found to be angrier than child molesters. Finally, anger neither mediated nor moderated the relationship between an offender’s adverse childhood and committing a violent sex crime.

Conclusions
These results suggest that anger should be target in intervention and prevention programs with violent sex offenders.
Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico
Authors: Delgado Robles Alma A. , Ruvalcaba Sil Jose Luis , Claes Pieterjan , Manrique Ortega Mayra D. , Casanova González Edgar , Maynez Rojas Miguel Ángel , Cuevas García Martha , García Castillo Sabrina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
One of the most important Mayan cities of the Classic period (A.D. 200–900) of Mesoamerica is Palenque, in Chiapas. The Mayan civilization attributed great importance to greenstone minerals, in particular jadeite. This study covers the analysis of greenstones found in royal tombs of several temples corresponding to the Classic period: the Temple of the Skull, Temple of the Cross and Temples XVIII and XVIII-A. The aim of this research is to determine the use of greenstone minerals and the raw materials’ sources as a first step in understanding the development of Palenque and its relationships to other sites in the Maya region. Here, we present a non-destructive in situ study of lithic objects carried out by means of a several spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and color measurements, at the Palenque site museum. FTIR and Raman allowed for the identification of minerals including jadeite, omphacite, amazonite, albite, muscovite and green quartz. Moreover, XRF was effective for in situ analysis of the elemental composition of the artifacts. This information was essential for sourcing the raw materials, in particular, jadeite. It was possible to infer the exploitation of an unknown source of jadeite for the earlier burial (A.D. 250–450). During this period the exploitation of the Verapaz and Motagua jadeite deposits also began. These sources were the primary deposits used for the manufacture of the artifacts studied from the period of A.D. 600–850. Also, a greater diversity of minerals is observed during the zenith of Palenque during this period, corresponding to the reign of Pakal. Although, between burials, the color of the artifacts is diverse, the color measurements indicated similarity in color among artifacts within individual burials.