bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updating strategy of safe operation control model for dense medium coal preparation process based on Bayesian network and incremental learning
Authors: Wang Jianwen , Chu Fei , Zhao Jianyu , Bao Wenchao , Wang Fuli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe effectiveness of control decisions provided by the safe operation control model for the dense medium coal preparation process may decline due to its inability to adapt to changing working conditions. To address this issue, this paper investigates a safe operation control model update strategy based on Bayesian network and incremental learning. This strategy can update the model structure and parameters according to different conditions, ensuring the effectiveness of the updated model. Considering that the old model has effective information to explain the new working conditions, the Bayesian network structure update learning method based on incremental learning is proposed. This method retains the components of the old model that can describe the joint probability distribution of the sampled data under the new working conditions while updating the remaining structure. This approach improves the efficiency of model updating. The simulation results show that the updated model obtained by the proposed method can effectively deal with new abnormal conditions.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti‐Prostate Cancer Potential of 2‐(4‐Nitrobenzyl) Malonates In Vitro and DAL Acute Oral Toxicity Assessment In Vivo
Authors: Hassan Ganesh Bharathi , Aruchamy Baladhandapani , Mudradi Srikrishna , Mohanty Sarthak , Padinjarathil Himabindu , Carradori Simone , Ramani Prasanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNew 4‐nitrobenzyl derivatives were designed and synthesised by nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4‐nitrobenzyl bromide with malonic acid and its derivatives. The synthesised molecules were characterised using mass analysis and spectroscopic techniques and tested for their antioxidant properties using various methods, such as nitric oxide, DPPH, and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging methods. The anti‐inflammatory activities of the molecules were assessed using RBC membrane stabilisation and albumin denaturation methods. We evaluated the compounds’ potential anti‐prostate cancer activity using the DU145 cell line. The MTT assay determined the cell viability, indicating good anti‐proliferative activity. The molecule 3 c exhibited the highest potency, with a CTC50 of 11.83 μg/mL. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the stability of the ligand within the protein after docking and the resulting protein‐ligand complex. The in vivo analysis of molecule 3 c in the DAL xenograft model demonstrated promising results. The increase in life span, reduction in tumor volume, and comparable effects to standard drugs are encouraging features that suggest that molecule 3 c may possess significant potential as an anti‐cancer agent. The research also implies that these molecules might be potential lead compounds for developing new prostate cancer drugs.
The French Medicinal Chemistry Society–SCT, an Historical Member of EFMC**
Authors: Deprez‐Poulain Rebecca , Duca Maria , George Nicolas , Deprez Benoit , Ortholand Jean‐Yves 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe French Society of Medicinal Chemistry or “ Société de Chimie Thérapeutique ” (SCT) was founded in 1966. Since its inception, its mission has been to promote knowledge in the main fields of pharmaceutical research and development, in particular the research and validation of biological targets of therapeutic interest, the screening, design and optimization of drug candidates, chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, pharmacokinetics, metabolism and toxicity. Since 1964, the Society has organized an annual international congress (RICT), and later thematic days for young researchers and workshops on specific topics. The SCT is also a member of the European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry (EFMC) and organized the International Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry (ISMC) in Nice in 2022. Several new trends can be identified in the activities of the SCT, such as the organization of regular webinars, but also the recent creation of the Young MedChem Forum, as well as the distribution of a newsletter reporting scientific achievements in the French community and abroad, and an improved presence on social networks. These trends are in line with the current changes in the field in terms of scientific progress, means of communication in the community and with the public and inclusiveness.
Stem to prevent periprosthetic fracture after notching in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Wan Qian , Zhang Aobo , Liu Yang , Chen Hao , Zhao Xue , Han Qing , Wang Jincheng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImproper osteotomy during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) can lead to anterior femoral notching, which increases the risk of periprosthetic fractures due to stress concentration. One potential solution is the addition of an intramedullary stem to the femoral component. However, the optimal stem length remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the optimal stem length using finite element models. Finite element models of femurs were developed with unstemmed prostheses and prostheses with stem lengths of 50, 75, and 100 mm. Under squat loading conditions, the von Mises stress at the notch and stress distribution on four transversal sections of the femur were analyzed. Additionally, micromotion of the prosthesis–bone interface was evaluated to assess initial stability. The unstemmed prosthesis exhibited a von Mises stress of 191.8 MPa at the notch, which decreased to 43.1, 8.8, and 23.5 MPa for stem lengths of 50, 75, and 100 mm, respectively. The stress reduction on four selected femoral transversal sections compared with the unstemmed prosthesis was 40.0%, 84.4%, and 67.1% for stem lengths of 50, 75, and 100 mm, respectively. Micromotion analysis showed a maximum of 118.8 μm for the unstemmed prosthesis, which decreased significantly with the application of stems, particularly at the anterior flange. Intramedullary stems effectively reduced stress concentration at the femoral notch. The 50‐mm stem length provided the optimal combination of reduced notch stress, minimized stress‐shielding effect, and decreased micromotion at the anterior flange.
Sensitivity Enhancement of Ultra‐Wideline NMR by Progressive Saturation of the Proton Reservoir Under Magic‐Angle Spinning
Authors: Wolf Tamar , Goobes Yuval , Frydman Lucio 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSolid‐state NMR of low‐γ nuclides is often characterized by low sensitivity and by significant spectral broadenings induced by the quadrupolar and the chemical‐shift anisotropy interactions. Herein, we introduce an indirect acquisition method, termed PROgressive Saturation of the Proton Reservoir Under Spinning (PROSPRUS), which could facilitate the acquisition of ultra‐wideline NMR spectra under magic‐angle spinning (MAS), in systems with a sufficiently long dipolar relaxation time, T1D. PROSPRUS NMR relies on the generation of so‐called second‐order dipolar order among abundant protons undergoing MAS, and on the subsequent depletion of this dipolar order by a series of looped cross‐polarization events, transferring the proton order into polarization of the low‐γ I‐nuclei as a function of the latter's offsets. While the spin dynamics of the ensuing experiment is complex, particularly when dealing with narrow I spectral lines, it is shown that PROSPRUS can lead to faithful lineshapes for ultra‐wideline spin‐1/2 and spin‐1 species, providing high sensitivity with extremely low RF power requirements. It is also shown that the ensuing 1H‐detected PROSPRUS experiments can efficiently characterize I‐spin lineshapes in excess of 1 MHz without having to retune electronics, while providing improvements in sensitivity per unit time over current broadband direct‐detection methods by up to a factor of four.
The day after mowing: Time and type of mowing influence grassland arthropods
Authors: Berger Johanna L. , Staab Michael , Hartlieb Margarita , Simons Nadja K. , Wells Konstans , Gossner Martin M. , Vogt Juliane , Achury Rafael , Seibold Sebastian , Hemp Andreas , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Blüthgen Nico 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent losses in the abundance and diversity of arthropods have been documented in many regions and ecosystems. In grasslands, such insect declines are largely attributed to land use, including modern machinery and mowing regimes. However, the effects of different mowing techniques on arthropods remain poorly understood. Using 11 years of data from 111 agricultural grassland plots across Germany, we analyzed the influence of various grassland management variables on the abundance and abundance‐accounted species richness of four arthropod orders: Araneae, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera. The analysis focused on detailed mowing information, for example, days after mowing and mower type, and compared their effect with other aspects of grassland management, that is, rolling, leveling, fertilization, and grazing. We found strong negative effects of mowing on all four arthropod orders, with arthropod abundance being lowest directly after mowing and steadily increasing to three to seven times the abundance after 100 days post‐mowing. Likewise, Hemiptera and Coleoptera species richness was 30% higher 100 days after mowing. Mower width showed a positive effect on Orthoptera abundance, but not on the other arthropods. Arthropod abundance and Coleoptera species richness were lowest when a mulcher was used compared to rotary or bar mowers. In addition to mowing, intensive grazing negatively affected Orthoptera abundance but not the other orders. Mowing represents a highly disturbing and iterative stressor with negative effects on arthropod abundance and diversity, likely contributed by mowing‐induced mortality and habitat alteration. While modifications of mowing techniques such as mower type or mowing height and width may help to reduce the negative impact of mowing on arthropods, our results show that mowing itself has the most substantial negative effect. Based on our results, we suggest that reduced mowing frequency, omission of mowing in parts of the grassland (refuges), or extensive grazing instead of mowing have the greatest potential to promote arthropod populations.
Synthetic Strategies and Applications of Fluorine‐Containing Bridged Bicyclic Compounds
Authors: Baldon Simone , Dell'Amico Luca , Cuadros Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBridged bicyclic compounds (BBCs) have recently emerged as effective 3D‐isosteres of planar aryl and heteroaryl rings. Current synthetic endeavours are devoted to accessing these complex structures bearing functionalities in different positions of the aliphatic rings. Of particular interest is the incorporation of F‐containing motifs, since it allows the generation of isosteric units with improved physicochemical properties, including lipophilicity, water solubility, or oxidative resistance.
Cyclic test and analysis of UHTCC‐enhanced buckling‐restrained steel plate shear walls
Authors: Tong Jing‐Zhong , Wang Ling‐Qi , Wu Ruo‐Min , Hou Jian , Li Qing‐Hua , Xu Shi‐Lang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ultra‐high toughness cementitious composite (UHTCC) has the tensile strain‐hardening characteristic and an excellent ability to prevent tensile cracking. To enhance the seismic and durability performance of the conventional buckling‐restrained steel plate shear wall (BRSPSW), UHTCC‐enhanced BRSPSW (UBRSPSW) was proposed in this paper as a new type of lateral bearing system. The buckling of the inner steel plate is restrained by UHTCC‐normal concrete (NC) functionally graded panels, where the panels are composed of UHTCC and NC layers. In this study, experimental and numerical research was carried out on the UBRSPSWs. Six specimens were tested to investigate the seismic behavior of the UBRSPSW. Parameters including the number of stiffeners, the thickness of UHTCC‐NC functionally graded panels, the material of restraining panels, and the gap between the inner steel plate and restraining panels were considered in the test design. Mechanical response and failure modes of the structures under cyclic loads were analyzed. The obtained hysteretic curves and corresponding skeleton curves indicated that the proposed design had excellent seismic performance. Compared to the steel plate shear wall (SPSW), the load‐bearing capacity of UBRSPSW was improved by 13%, respectively. The appearance of macrocracks was delayed by a drift angle of 1.2%. In addition, a refined finite element (FE) model was developed and validated by the results obtained from experiments. The development and distribution of bending moments in the restraining panels were extracted based on the FE method. Then, the loading capacity design method of restraining panels and a theoretical model for controlling the crack width of restraining panels were proposed. The research results of this paper can provide useful suggestions for the seismic design of UBRSPSWs.
Identification of promising lactic acid bacteria for the fermentation of lupine‐ and faba bean‐based substrates to produce refreshing protein‐rich beverages—A strain screening
Authors: Ritter Stefan , Luber Carolin , Gastl Martina , Becker Thomas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLupines and faba beans are rising stars among legumes as sources of valuable, vegan plant‐based proteins. To enter new application areas like the production of protein‐rich refreshing beverages, the typical beany aroma impression has to be overcome, and the sensory appearance has to be improved, as it can be accomplished with lactic acid fermentation. An extensive strain screening of 70 lactic acid bacteria from 16 genera was performed to identify suitable strains to transform substrates made from lupines and faba beans into refreshing beverages and to improve their sensory characteristics. By analyzing carbohydrate utilization, production of organic acids and aroma compounds, and sensory appearance, 22 strains for lupine and eight strains for faba bean were preselected. Subsequently, the most suitable strains (five for lupine and three for faba beans) were identified by a trained sensory panel, and finally their growth kinetics were discussed. Generally, the aroma profile varied highly with the utilized strain. However, by selecting suitable strains, the beany impression can be highly reduced and pleasant aroma impressions (e.g., fruity and buttermilk) can be added. Most strikingly, it was proven that using germinated lupines and faba beans instead of raw ones can bypass the usual growth restriction, and the strain selection can be focused exclusively on sensory aspects. This opens the option to use strains usually excluded for the fermentation of legumes due to their lack of utilization of the legume‐typical α‐galactosides.
Exploring pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation analyses: What are genetic variants associated with ‘cigarette smoking initiation’ really capturing?
Authors: Reed Zoe E. , Wootton Robyn E. , Khouja Jasmine N. , Richardson Tom G. , Sanderson Eleanor , Davey Smith George , Munafò Marcus R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic variants used as instruments for exposures in Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses may have horizontal pleiotropic effects (i.e., influence outcomes via pathways other than through the exposure), which can undermine the validity of results. We examined the extent of this using smoking behaviours as an example. We first ran a phenome‐wide association study in UK Biobank, using a smoking initiation genetic instrument. From the most strongly associated phenotypes, we selected those we considered could either plausibly or not plausibly be caused by smoking. We examined associations between genetic instruments for smoking initiation, smoking heaviness and lifetime smoking and these phenotypes in UK Biobank and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). We conducted negative control analyses among never smokers, including children. We found evidence that smoking‐related genetic instruments were associated with phenotypes not plausibly caused by smoking in UK Biobank and (to a lesser extent) ALSPAC. We observed associations with phenotypes among never smokers. Our results demonstrate that smoking‐related genetic risk scores are associated with unexpected phenotypes that are less plausibly downstream of smoking. This may reflect horizontal pleiotropy in these genetic risk scores, and we would encourage researchers to exercise caution this when using these and genetic risk scores for other complex behavioural exposures. We outline approaches that could be taken to consider this and overcome issues caused by potential horizontal pleiotropy, for example, in genetically informed causal inference analyses (e.g., MR) it is important to consider negative control outcomes and triangulation approaches, to avoid arriving at incorrect conclusions.
Piecing together Pakistan's health system and global health security
Authors: Ahmed Abdullah Muhammad , Shaikh Babar Tasneem , Khan Shahzad Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPakistan's health system has a critical role to play in global health security, however, it faces numerous structural and systemic challenges while contributing to international health efforts. Understanding the dynamics of health system is essential for developing effective strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to health emergencies, ensuring regional stability, and the overall global health security This paper documents the strengths and weaknesses of Pakistan's health systems, the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic, challenges such as funding constraints and fragmented healthcare delivery, threats including antimicrobial resistance, and the importance of international collaboration. Anti‐microbial particularly multi‐drug resistance, food safety in emergencies, surge capacity of the frontline workforce, patient safety at the health care facilities to curtail healthcare associated infections, and strengthening the points of entry are still the areas that need special attention. To optimise the system's performance, governance and accountability mechanisms are necessary to be put in place under the auspices of national public health agency. Pakistan has the potential to transform its health system by addressing these critical areas and improve its preparedness and readiness for any future health emergency of this scale.
Enhancing heat exchanger performance with perforated/non‐perforated flow modulators generating continuous/discontinuous swirl flow: A comprehensive review
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur , Hasnain S. M. Mozammil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHeat exchangers are crucial in transferring heat and finding applications across various industries. Numerous strategies have been devised to improve and optimize the heat transfer process within these systems. Among these, passive methods have garnered significant attention for their ability to operate without external power consumption. This article examines the recent experimental and computational studies conducted by researchers since 2018 on passive enhancement techniques, especially twisted tape, wire coil, swirl flow generator, and others, to boost the thermal efficiency of heat exchangers and aid designers in adopting passive augmentation methods for compact heat exchangers. Recently, researchers' new class of flow maldistribution devices, referred to as swirl flow devices, has gained attention; which enhances convective heat transfer by introducing swirl into the main flow and disrupting the boundary layer at the tube surface through alterations in surface geometry. Twisted tape inserts are devices that demonstrate better performance in laminar flow compared to turbulent flow. Conversely, other passive techniques like ribs, conical nozzles, and conical rings are generally more effective in turbulent flow than laminar flow. A recent research trend is the utilization of nanofluids in combination with other passive heat transfer enhancement techniques like turbulators, ribs, and twisted tape inserts in heat exchangers, which can reduce exergy losses and improve overall convective heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness of heat exchanger.
Falling pass rates on the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination signal an emerging crisis for a growing number of pharmacy schools
Authors: Brown Daniel L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) is a major assessment metric for graduates pursuing licensure and the institutions from which they graduated. Before 2014, the mean NAPLEX first‐time pass rate was roughly 95% every year. Mean pass rates have fallen dramatically since then to less than 80%, with many schools currently unable to achieve a 70% pass rate. Such a drastic decline in NAPLEX performance constitutes a crisis for many schools. Changes to the exam blueprint, administration, and scoring provide a partial explanation for the decline, but the issue of cause ultimately comes down to one simple question: What has changed over the last 10 years that is making it more difficult for graduates to pass NAPLEX on the first attempt? The effects of excessive academic expansion, beginning in 2000, cannot be overlooked. The newest schools, established after 2009, and accelerated (3‐year) programs, many of which are also new, appear to be particularly vulnerable. In 2023, 16 pharmacy schools had first‐time pass rates below 65%. Nine (56%) of those schools opened after 2009 and seven (44%) were accelerated programs. Newer schools have had to compete for a limited supply of qualified faculty, administrators, preceptors and experiential training sites, while also striving to meet enrollment targets amid a dwindling applicant pool. The ability to overcome the NAPLEX crisis depends on first establishing a more effective process of assessing NAPLEX results—one that measures the right metrics in the right way—and upholds fair, but rigorous, quality standards. Stakeholders need access to actionable information and the most relevant, useful data available. The purpose of this article is to provide evidence that the Academy is facing a legitimate crisis and offer four recommendations by which assessment and understanding of the crisis can be enhanced.
Comparison of cation and anion‐mediated resolution enhancement of bioprinted hydrogels for membranous tissue fabrication
Authors: McLoughlin Shannon T. , Wilcox Paige , Han Sarang , Caccamese John F. , Fisher John P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFabrication of engineered thin membranous tissues (TMTs) presents a significant challenge to researchers, as these structures are small in scale, but present complex anatomies containing multiple stratified cell layers. While numerous methodologies exist to fabricate such tissues, many are limited by poor mechanical properties, need for post‐fabrication, or lack of cytocompatibility. Extrusion bioprinting can address these issues, but lacks the resolution necessary to generate biomimetic, microscale TMT structures. Therefore, our goal was to develop a strategy that enhances bioprinting resolution below its traditional limit of 150 μm and delivers a viable cell population. We have generated a system to effectively shrink printed gels via electrostatic interactions between anionic and cationic polymers. Base hydrogels are composed of gelatin methacrylate type A (cationic), or B (anionic) treated with anionic alginate, and cationic poly‐L‐lysine, respectively. Through a complex coacervation‐like mechanism, the charges attract, causing compaction of the base GelMA network, leading to reduced sample dimensions. In this work, we evaluate the role of both base hydrogel and shrinking polymer charge on effective print resolution and cell viability. The alginate anion‐mediated system demonstrated the ability to reach bioprinting resolutions of 70 μm, while maintaining a viable cell population. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has produced such significant enhancement in extrusion bioprinting capabilities, while also remaining cytocompatible.