bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-atom nickel on defective g-C4N3 as a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for the OER and ORR: a first-principles analysis
Authors: Gao Teng fei , Wu Xiao-Kuan , Bo wen Deng , kun Xin Zhi , Yu Fang , Wang Liang , Zhang Jie , Yun Jimmy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Searching for inexpensive and highly active materials to replace noble metals for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important challenge. The two-dimensional semi-metallic carbon nitride g-C4N3 is an excellent candidate for electrochemical reactions owing to its eminent conductivity and stability. Here, using density functional theory (DFT) a series of low-budget non-noble transition metal single-atom (SAC) loaded on the g-C4N3 (named as TM@C4N3, TM = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) were investigated as electrocatalysts for OER and ORR. Ni@C4N3 shows an enormous application potential as electrode material, with OER and ORR overpotentials of 0.59 V and 0.23 V, respectively. The second lowest binding energy between Ni and support g-C4N3 indicates that Ni@C4N3 possesses good overall stability. The d-band center as well as metal valence as the descriptor exhibit good agreement with the adsorption energy of the intermediate. A linear relationship exists among the adsorption energies of the three intermediates O, OH, and OOH, given the similarity that they are all bonded to the metal through one oxygen atom. By adjusting the adsorption energy of these intermediates, the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts can be tuned for OER and ORR. This study confirmed that Ni@C4N3 is a good bifunctional catalyst and provides important guidance for the design of bifunctional electrocatalysts for OER and ORR.
Enhanced mechanical and tribological properties of ultrasonically assisted stir-cast AA7075 metal matrix composites in challenging corrosive environments
Authors: N Murugan , K S Jayakumar , Raj R Ashok , D Antony Prabu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AMMCs) find extensive applications in aerospace, defence, automotive, and various sectors on account of remarkable mechanical properties, lightweight nature, and excellent dimensional stability. In this research, AA7075 matrix material was reinforced with tungsten carbide ceramic particles with various 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 weight percentages (wt%) with the use of Ultrasonic assisted stir casing setup. The stir casted AA7075 MMCs were subjected to XRD, SEM, and density test to investigate the presence of elements, microstructure and density. The tensile, micro hardness, and wear test were performed on AL7075 based MMCs after conducting NaCl based spray test at the condition of spray pressure of 1.2 kg cm−2, spray duration of 120 h and PH value of 8.2 to determine the wear resistance, micro hardness and Ultimate Tensile Strength. The XRD test confirmed the presence of secondary phases such as Al2Cu, W2C, and MgZn2 with Al and WC phases. The SEM test confirmed the uniform dispersion and no more cluster formation upto 15 wt% WC addition and agglomeration of WC was occurred in the addition of 20 wt% of WC. The enhancing of wt% of WC improved the corrosion resistance, Micro hardness, UTS, wear and up to 15 wt% addition and decreases by the 20 wt% WC addition. The higher tensile strength 312 MPa was obtained from AA7075/15 wt%WC composite. The lower wear rate 0.11 mg m−1 was obtained from AA7075/15 wt%WC at 1000 m sliding distance with 1.2 m s−1 sliding velocity. The improved mechanical and tribological properties were mainly depended on strengthening mechanisms such as load transfer mechanism and dislocation strengthening mechanism.
Graphene-enhanced manganese dioxide functional ink infused with polyaniline for high-performance screen-printed micro supercapacitor
Authors: Shetty Shilpa , Saquib Mohammad , Selvakumar M , Firouzi Hadi , Nayak Ramakrishna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the world of miniature advancements in technology, a current champion has emerged: the micro supercapacitors. In order to fabricate these micro-supercapacitors, we have developed a promising and user-friendly approach for printing a conductive functional ink containing a ternary composite of manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles, Graphene, and polyaniline (PANI) as a dopant. Screen-printing technique was employed to fabricate micro-supercapacitors using the nanocomposite conductive ink. The performance of the energy storage device was examined using flexible symmetric and asymmetric, with an aqueous 1 M KOH electrolyte. According to this strategy, the characterisation and electrochemical study results revealed that doping PANI into both symmetric and asymmetric devices significantly increased the material’s capacitive performance of areal capacitance 167 mFcm−2 for MnO2/Graphene/PANI-5 composite (MGP-5) and 292.5 mFcm−2 for asymmetric supercapacitor (ASSC) at 5 mVs−1. Furthermore, the asymmetric supercapacitor displayed outstanding cyclic stability, retaining 93.6% of its capacitance after 10000 cycles. This underscores the possibility of incorporating polyaniline (PANI) into MnO2 and graphene matrices as efficient blueprints for the development of superior electrode materials. The improvement represents a significant step forward, opening avenues for the future development of novel devices and their integration into top-of-the-line flexible energy storage systems.
Dynamic reconstruction for digital tomosynthesis: a phantom proof of concept for breast care
Authors: Barbieri Matteo , Jailin Clément , Vancamberg Laurence , Roux Stéphane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Digital tomosynthesis (DTS) is a type of limited-angle Computed Tomography (CT) used in orthopedic and oncology care to provide a pseudo-3D reconstructed volume of a body part from multiple x-ray projections. Patient motion during acquisitions results in artifacts which affect screening and diagnostic performances. Hence, accurate reconstruction of moving body parts from a tomosynthesis projection series is addressed in this paper, with a particular focus on the breast. The aim of this paper is to assess the feasibility of a novel dynamic reconstruction technique for DTS and evaluate its accuracy compared to an available ground truth. Approach. The proposed method is a combination of a 4D dynamic tomography strategy leveraging the formalism of Projection-based Digital Volume Correlation (P-DVC) with a multiscale approach to estimate and correct patient motion. Iterations of two operations are performed: (i) a motion-corrected reconstruction based on the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT) algorithm and (ii) a motion estimation from projection residuals, to obtain motion-free volumes. Performance is evaluated on a synthetic Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) case. Three slabs of a CIRS breast phantom are imaged on a Senographe PristinaTM, under plate-wise rigid body motions with amplitudes ranging up to 10 mm so that an independent measurement of the motion can be accessed. Results. Results show a motion estimation average precision down to 0.183 mm (1.83 voxels), when compared to the independent measurement. Moreover, an 84.2% improvement on the mean residual error and a 59.9% improvement on the root mean square error (RMSE) with the original static reconstruction are obtained. Significance. Visual and quantitative assessments of the dynamically reconstructed volumes show that the proposed method fully restores conspicuity for important clinical features contained in the phantom.
Vehicle scrappage policies for transportation decarbonization
Authors: Woody Maxwell , Stolper Samuel , Vaishnav Parth , Keoleian Gregory A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vehicle electrification is one of the primary strategies being pursued for the decarbonization of the transportation sector. But to meet emissions reduction goals for that sector, the current vehicle replacement rate is insufficient. Vehicle scrappage policies can accelerate fleet turnover by providing an incentive to retire a vehicle before its natural end of life and simultaneously replace it with a more efficient or less polluting alternative. Previous scrappage programs, like the United States’ Cash for Clunkers, have had limited success as decarbonization policies; however, most of these programs ended before the widespread availability of electric vehicles and did not have decarbonization as a primary policy goal. Here we explain why scrappage policies may be necessary to meet climate goals, review historic vehicle scrappage policies from a variety of countries, highlight the successes and failures of those policies, and establish policy design considerations that could help ensure that future scrappage programs are more successful than previous efforts.
Risk of age-related macular degeneration in men receiving 5α-reductase inhibitors: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Su Yu-Chen , Shen Chin-Yao , Shao Shih-Chieh , Lai Chi-Chun , Hsu Sheng-Min , Lee Chaw-Ning , Liu Chan-Jung , Hung Jia-Horung , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Recent studies suggest that 5α-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) for benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) result in abnormal retinal anatomical alteration.

Objective
To compare age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence in BPH patients receiving 5ARIs or tamsulosin.

Design
Retrospective, population-based cohort study using new-user and active-comparator design.

Setting
General population.

Subjects
Males with BPH, newly receiving 5ARIs or tamsulosin from 2010 to 2018.

Methods
Data were extracted from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. We used Cox proportional hazards model with 1:4 propensity score (PS) matching, based on intention-to-treat analysis to determine the risk of incident AMD. Sensitivity analyses included an as-treated approach and weighting-based PS methods. We also separately reported the risks of incident AMD in patients receiving finasteride and dutasteride to determine risk differences among different 5ARIs.

Results
We included 13 586 5ARIs users (mean age: 69 years) and 54 344 tamsulosin users (mean age: 68.37 years). After a mean follow-up of 3.7 years, no differences were observed in the risk of incident AMD between 5ARIs and tamsulosin users [hazard ratio (HR): 1.06; 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.98–1.15], with similar results from sensitivity analyses. However, increased risk of incident age-related macular degeneration was observed in patients receiving dutasteride [HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.02–1.25], but not in those receiving finasteride [HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.87–1.12], in the subgroup analyses.

Conclusions
We found no difference between 5ARIs and tamsulosin regarding the incidence of AMD in BPH patients. However, the risk profiles for AMD differed slightly between dutasteride and finasteride, suggesting that the potency of androgen inhibition is a factor related to AMD incidence.
New horizons in clinical practice guidelines for use with older people
Authors: Martin Finbarr C , Quinn Terence J , Straus Sharon E , Anand Sonia , van der Velde Nathalie , Harwood Rowan H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Globally, more people are living into advanced old age, with age-associated frailty, disability and multimorbidity. Achieving equity for all ages necessitates adapting healthcare systems. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have an important place in adapting evidence-based medicine and clinical care to reflect these changing needs. CPGs can facilitate better and more systematic care for older people. But they can also present a challenge to patient-centred care and shared decision-making when clinical and/or socioeconomic heterogeneity or personal priorities are not reflected in recommendations or in their application. Indeed, evidence is often lacking to enable this variability to be reflected in guidance. Evidence is more likely to be lacking about some sections of the population. Many older adults are at the intersection of many factors associated with exclusion from traditional clinical evidence sources with higher incidence of multimorbidity and disability compounded by poorer healthcare access and ultimately worse outcomes. We describe these challenges and illustrate how they can adversely affect CPG scope, the evidence available and its summation, the content of CPG recommendations and their patient-centred implementation. In all of this, we take older adults as our focus, but much of what we say will be applicable to other marginalised groups. Then, using the established process of formulating a CPG as a framework, we consider how these challenges can be mitigated, with particular attention to applicability and implementation. We consider why CPG recommendations on the same clinical areas may be inconsistent and describe approaches to ensuring that CPGs remain up to date.
Invited commentary: target trial emulation—a call for more widespread use
Authors: Anderson Amanda Hyre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Causal inference methods intended for use with observational data have been widely available for decades, but barriers to their widespread adoption exist. These likely include lack of familiarity with several methodological techniques often used in combination in these investigations, such as inverse probability of treatment weighting and g-estimation, and the intensity of computational effort needed to employ these techniques. Even with these methods, critical design flaws undermine the ability to make valid causal inference in some studies. Identification of the need to explicitly pair study design elements with these causal inference methods led to development of a methodological approach recently termed target trial emulation. This approach requires that investigators define a hypothetical randomized trial, emulate that hypothetical protocol in assembling the cohort and defining study elements, and then conduct an analysis that attempts to mirror random treatment assignment. In the accompanying article by Heindel et al (Am J Epidemiol. 2024;XXX(XX):XXX-XXX), the authors successfully emulate a target trial of systemic heparin during arteriovenous fistula creation on short-term endpoints by utilizing data from 2 existing randomized trials with key confounders available. Target trial emulation provides a framework with which to promote valid inference and generate high-quality contributions to the literature, and its use should be expanded.
Participation in physical, cognitive, and social activities and the association with mobility disability transitions in older adults
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S , Wang Tianhao , Poole Victoria N , Lamar Melissa , Shah Raj C , Barnes Lisa L , James Bryan D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Development of late-life mobility disability is a dynamic process of transitions between worsening and improving. We tested associations between participation in physical, social, and cognitive activity with mobility disability transitions. Participants (n = 2758, age 78.1 years [SD, 7.7]) from 2 Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center cohorts completed annual mobility disability questionnaires for 7.6 (SD, 4.4) years. First-order Markov transition models tested associations between baseline self-reported physical, social, and cognitive activity with bidirectional transitions in mobility disability score increases (worsening) and decreases (improving) between consecutive visits. Overall, 75.5% of participants experienced ≥1 transition among 18 318 pairs of consecutive visits—4174 of which were worsening and 2606 were improving transitions. Adjusting for covariates, higher participation in each activity type was associated with lower odds of worsening (physical odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.75; social OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.58-0.70; and cognitive OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.74-0.85), and higher odds of improving (physical OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28; social OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.30-1.61; and cognitive OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) in separate models. In combined models, physical and social activity remained associated with worsening and improving; cognitive activity was only associated with worsening. Physical, social, and cognitive activity engagement contributes to lower odds of worsening mobility disability and may promote recovery.
Association between Dietary Practices and Growth Trajectories in Preschool Children
Authors: Jones-Antwi Rebecca E , Narayan K M Venkat , Cunningham Solveig A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To estimate the association of dietary practices with early life weight among children born in 2001 in the U.S.

Methods
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-B) is a population-based cohort followed from 9 months to Kindergarten entry (n~5000). We employed an auto-regressive cross-lagged model to assess the impacts of dietary practices on weight stability over time. We calculated age- and sex-standardized BMI z-scores using WHO growth curves.

Results
BMI z-scores had a stable increase over time. Later age of solid food introduction was associated with lower BMI z-score at age 2y [-0.03(-0.05,-0.004)]; having dinners more times per week with family at age 2y was associated with higher BMI z-score at 4y [0.03(0.01,0.05)]. These changes, of &lt;0.05 BMI z-score, are small. Children with higher birthweight were introduced to solid foods at younger ages [-0.39 months(-0.45,-0.32)] and were breast fed longer [0.13 months(0.04,0.22)]. For girls, having dinner at a regular time at ages 2y and 4y was associated with lower BMI at ages 4y and 5y.

Conclusions
Dietary practices in early childhood affect weight trajectories. However, these effects are small and are largely overshadowed by prior weight. Children’s weight in infancy is associated with subsequent dietary practices but also small effects.
Invited commentary: dispersal policies, neighborhood disadvantage, and refugee health in a Nordic context
Authors: Rostila Mikael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this issue of the Journal, Kim et al (Am J Epidemiol 2024;XXX(XX):XXX-XXX) examine whether neighborhood disadvantage is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Denmark. A potential contribution of their article is the study of mediators (cumulative income, unstable employment, and poor mental health) underlying the association using a quasi-experimental design based on a Danish refugee dispersal policy. In this commentary, I draw attention to some potential limitations involving use of refugee dispersal policies as natural experiments. I further discuss the extent to which the mediators studied by Kim et al contribute to our overall understanding of mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage and cardiovascular disease risk. However, because a similar dispersal policy was introduced during the same time period in a country neighboring Denmark—Sweden—I also take the opportunity to give an account of the background of dispersal policies in the two countries and offer some general reflections on their consequences for refugee integration and well-being there.
Modeling package size–conscious automated dispensing cabinet replenishment to improve efficiency
Authors: Rodgers John Killian L , Braun Randy , Rowe Erinn , Kruszewski Kristen M , Colmenares Evan W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Optimization of automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) has traditionally focused on modifying the inventory within these devices and ignored the replenishment process itself. Rounding replenishment quantities to the nearest package size, termed package size–conscious replenishment (PSCR), was investigated as a way to optimize labor needs for ADC replenishment.

Methods
A simulation of PSCR for a subset of medications stocked in ADCs at the University of North Carolina Medical Center was conducted. The simulation utilized real-world vend data and rounding factors to model the impact of PSCR on key ADC metrics. The final simulation utilized 2 months of ADC transactions across 410 medications in 149 ADCs. Four replenishment methodologies were simulated: standard replenishment and 3 PSCR strategies, including rounding down, rounding any direction, and rounding up.

Results
All 3 PSCR methodologies had significantly lower stockout frequencies than standard replenishment at 0.722% (P = 0.026) for rounding down, 0.698% (P = 0.024) for rounding any direction, and 0.680% (P = 0.024) for rounding up vs 0.773% for standard replenishment. PSCR methods were associated with significant time savings for both technician and pharmacist activities (P &lt; 0.001 for all 3 strategies), with a savings of up to 0.27 technician and 0.52 pharmacist full-time equivalents estimated for the rounding-up methodology. Maximum carrying cost was higher for all 3 PSCR methodologies.

Conclusion
PSCR was modeled to significantly decrease both pharmacist and technician time needed to replenish ADCs while also decreasing stockout frequency. Modest increases in maximum carrying cost were also shown. The simulation created for this evaluation could also be utilized to model other components of the ADC replenishment process.
Where is the Muranów Lily? Unearthing Traces of Queer Jewishness in Contemporary Warsaw
Authors: Gajowy Aleksandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this essay I explore the possibility of an embodied, desiring encounter with traces of queer Jewishness in contemporary Warsaw. Examining Benny Nemer’s 2015 experimental audioguide Lilia z Muranowa (The Muranów Lily), commissioned by POLIN, the Museum of the History of Polish Jews, I propose a line of enquiry following a dybbuk-like haunting that the audioguide performs. In doing so, I investigate how desiring, affective speculation, legends and rumours might enable an encounter with history, if we allow ourselves to be haunted by them. I provide a landscape which the listener or the performer of Nemer’s experimental tale may engender with their desire, their body and their fantasy, in order to restore lives lost and forgotten in the archives, through the desiring archival subject: a queer Polish Jew.
Compound-SNE: comparative alignment of t-SNEs for multiple single-cell omics data visualization
Authors: Cess Colin G , Haghverdi Laleh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Summary
One of the first steps in single-cell omics data analysis is visualization, which allows researchers to see how well-separated cell-types are from each other. When visualizing multiple datasets at once, data integration/batch correction methods are used to merge the datasets. While needed for downstream analyses, these methods modify features space (e.g. gene expression)/PCA space in order to mix cell-types between batches as well as possible. This obscures sample-specific features and breaks down local embedding structures that can be seen when a sample is embedded alone. Therefore, in order to improve in visual comparisons between large numbers of samples (e.g. multiple patients, omic modalities, different time points), we introduce Compound-SNE, which performs what we term a soft alignment of samples in embedding space. We show that Compound-SNE is able to align cell-types in embedding space across samples, while preserving local embedding structures from when samples are embedded independently.

Availability and implementation
Python code for Compound-SNE is available for download at https://github.com/HaghverdiLab/Compound-SNE.