bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of subacute exposure to silver nanoparticle on some hematological and plasma biochemical indices in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Shaluei F , Hedayati A , Jahanbakhshi A , Kolangi H , Fotovat M 
Published: May 2013

The use of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) is rapidly increasing, but there are limited data on their effects on the aquatic environment. The present study aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of subacute concentrations of Ag-NPs (Nanocid®: average particle size of 61 nm) on hematological and plasma biochemical indices of silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, after 3, 7 and 14 days. The 24-, 48-, 72- and 96-h median lethal concentration (LC50) values of Nanocid for silver carp were estimated at 0.810, 0.648, 0.383 and 0.202 mg/L, respectively; 20% and 10% of the 96-h LC50 values (0.04 and 0.02 mg/L) were selected for subacute study. Red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb) count and hematocrit (Hct) level were significantly reduced at both concentrations tested ( p < 0.05). White blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), cortisol and glucose levels in Nanocid-treated groups were significantly higher than the controlled group at experimental periods ( p < 0.05). In conclusion, Ag-NPs intoxication resulted in erythrocyte reduction, hematological disturbances, leucocytosis and stress response in silver carp and offered a simple tool to evaluate toxicity-derived alterations.
Imatinib disrupts lymphoma angiogenesis by targeting vascular pericytes
Authors: Ruan Jia , Luo Min , Wang Chunjie , Fan Lei , Yang Shao Ning , Cardenas Mariano , Geng Huimin , Leonard John P. , Melnick Ari , Cerchietti Leandro , Hajjar Katherine A. 
Published: May 2013

Key Points
Blockade of PDGFRβ impairs lymphoma growth by depleting vascular mural cells. Pericytes may represent a novel, antiangiogenic target for lymphoma therapy.
Transthoracic echocardiography reference values in juvenile and adult 129/Sv mice
Authors: Vinhas Maurícia , Araújo Ana Carolina , Ribeiro Sónia , Rosário Luís Brás , Belo José António 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
In the recent years, the use of Doppler-echocardiography has become a standard non-invasive technique in the analysis of cardiac malformations in genetically modified mice. Therefore, normal values have to be established for the most commonly used inbred strains in whose genetic background those mutations are generated. Here we provide reference values for transthoracic echocardiography measurements in juvenile (3 weeks) and adult (8 weeks) 129/Sv mice.

Methods
Echocardiographic measurements were performed using B-mode, M-mode and Doppler-mode in 15 juvenile (3 weeks) and 15 adult (8 weeks) mice, during isoflurane anesthesia. M-mode measurements variability of left ventricle (LV) was determined.

Results
Several echocardiographic measurements significantly differ between juvenile and adult mice. Most of these measurements are related with cardiac dimensions. All B-mode measurements were different between juveniles and adults (higher in the adults), except for fractional area change (FAC). Ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), calculated from M-mode parameters, do not differ between juvenile and adult mice. Stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were significantly different between juvenile and adult mice. SV was 31.93 ± 8.67 μl in juveniles vs 70.61 ± 24.66 μl in adults, ρ < 0.001. CO was 12.06 ± 4.05 ml/min in juveniles vs 29.71 ± 10.13 ml/min in adults, ρ < 0.001. No difference was found in mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) related parameters between juvenile and adult mice. It was demonstrated that variability of M-mode measurements of LV is minimal.

Conclusions
This study suggests that differences in cardiac dimensions, as wells as in pulmonary and aorta outflow parameters, were found between juvenile and adult mice. However, mitral and tricuspid inflow parameters seem to be similar between 3 weeks and 8 weeks mice. The reference values established in this study would contribute as a basis to future studies in post-natal cardiovascular development and diagnosing cardiovascular disorders in genetically modified mouse mutant lines.
Dynamic modeling of yeast meiotic initiation
Authors: Ray Debjit , Su Yongchun , Ye Ping 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Meiosis is the sexual reproduction process common to eukaryotes. The diploid yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes meiosis in sporulation medium to form four haploid spores. Initiation of the process is tightly controlled by intricate networks of positive and negative feedback loops. Intriguingly, expression of early meiotic proteins occurs within a narrow time window. Further, sporulation efficiency is strikingly different for yeast strains with distinct mutations or genetic backgrounds. To investigate signal transduction pathways that regulate transient protein expression and sporulation efficiency, we develop a mathematical model using ordinary differential equations. The model describes early meiotic events, particularly feedback mechanisms at the system level and phosphorylation of signaling molecules for regulating protein activities.

Results
The mathematical model is capable of simulating the orderly and transient dynamics of meiotic proteins including Ime1, the master regulator of meiotic initiation, and Ime2, a kinase encoded by an early gene. The model is validated by quantitative sporulation phenotypes of single-gene knockouts. Thus, we can use the model to make novel predictions on the cooperation between proteins in the signaling pathway. Virtual perturbations on feedback loops suggest that both positive and negative feedback loops are required to terminate expression of early meiotic proteins. Bifurcation analyses on feedback loops indicate that multiple feedback loops are coordinated to modulate sporulation efficiency. In particular, positive auto-regulation of Ime2 produces a bistable system with a normal meiotic state and a more efficient meiotic state.

Conclusions
By systematically scanning through feedback loops in the mathematical model, we demonstrate that, in yeast, the decisions to terminate protein expression and to sporulate at different efficiencies stem from feedback signals toward the master regulator Ime1 and the early meiotic protein Ime2. We argue that the architecture of meiotic initiation pathway generates a robust mechanism that assures a rapid and complete transition into meiosis. This type of systems-level regulation is a commonly used mechanism controlling developmental programs in yeast and other organisms. Our mathematical model uncovers key regulations that can be manipulated to enhance sporulation efficiency, an important first step in the development of new strategies for producing gametes with high quality and quantity.
Genome-wide search for the genes accountable for the induced resistance to HIV-1 infection in activated CD4+ T cells: apparent transcriptional signatures, co-expression networks and possible cellular processes
Authors: Xu Wen-Wen , Han Miao-Jun , Chen Dai , Chen Ling , Guo Yan , Willden Andrew , Liu Di-Qiu , Zhang Hua-Tang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundUpon co-stimulation with CD3/CD28 antibodies, activated CD4 + T cells were found to lose their susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, exhibiting an induced resistant phenotype. This rather unexpected phenomenon has been repeatedly confirmed but the underlying cell and molecular mechanisms are still unknown.MethodsWe first replicated the reported system using the specified Dynal beads with PHA/IL-2-stimulated and un-stimulated cells as controls. Genome-wide expression and analysis were then performed by using Agilent whole genome microarrays and established bioinformatics tools.ResultsWe showed that following CD3/CD28 co-stimulation, a homogeneous population emerged with uniform expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 as well as a memory marker CD45RO at high levels. These cells differentially expressed 7,824 genes when compared with the controls on microarrays. Series-Cluster analysis identified 6 distinct expression profiles containing 1,345 genes as the representative signatures in the permissive and resistant cells. Of them, 245 (101 potentially permissive and 144 potentially resistant) were significant in gene ontology categories related to immune response, cell adhesion and metabolism. Co-expression networks analysis identified 137 “key regulatory” genes (84 potentially permissive and 53 potentially resistant), holding hub positions in the gene interactions. By mapping these genes on KEGG pathways, the predominance of actin cytoskeleton functions, proteasomes, and cell cycle arrest in induced resistance emerged. We also revealed an entire set of previously unreported novel genes for further mining and functional validation.ConclusionsThis initial microarray study will stimulate renewed interest in exploring this system and open new avenues for research into HIV-1 susceptibility and its reversal in target cells, serving as a foundation for the development of novel therapeutic and clinical treatments.
A leading role for the immune system in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia
Authors: Laresgoiti-Servitje Estibalitz 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPreeclampsia syndrome is characterized by inadequate placentation, because of deficient trophoblastic invasion of the uterine spiral arteries, leading to placental hypoxia, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, the release of angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors and miRNAs. Although immune-system alterations are associated with the origin of preeclampsia, other factors, including proinflammatory cytokines, neutrophil activation, and endothelial dysfunction, are also related to the pathophysiology of this syndrome. The pathophysiology of preeclampsia may involve several factors, including persistent hypoxia at the placental level and the release of high amounts of STBMs. DAMP molecules released under hypoxic conditions and STBMs, which bind TLRs, may activate monocytes, DCs, NK cells, and neutrophils, promoting persistent inflammatory conditions in this syndrome. The development of hypertension in preeclamptic women is also associated with endothelial dysfunction, which may be mediated by various mechanisms, including neutrophil activation and NET formation. Furthermore, preeclamptic women have higher levels of nonclassic and intermediate monocytes and lower levels of lymphoid BDCA-2+ DCs. The cytokines secreted by these cells may contribute to the inflammatory process and to changes in adaptive-immune system cells, which are also modulated in preeclampsia. The changes in T cell subsets that may be seen in preeclampsia include low Treg activity, a shift toward Th1 responses, and the presence of Th17 lymphocytes. B cells can participate in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by producing autoantibodies against adrenoreceptors and autoantibodies that bind the AT1-R.
Using psychodynamic principles in formulation in everyday practice
Authors: Summers Alison , Martindale Brian 
Published: May 2013

SummaryWe try to demonstrate that using psychodynamic principles as part of case formulation is both possible and useful in everyday practice. We consider steps to developing a psychodynamically informed formulation, frameworks that can be used to structure this, and processes and resources needed to support good-quality formulation. We discuss the potential value of incorporating psychodynamic thinking and emphasise that this is complementary to other frameworks for understanding psychosis. Detailed case studies are provided.
Influence of problematic child-teacher relationships on future psychiatric disorder: population survey with 3-year follow-up
Authors: Lang lain A. , Marlow Ruth , Goodman Robert , Meltzer Howard , Ford Tamsin 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundTeacher-pupil relationships have been found to mediate behavioural, social and psychological outcomes for children at different ages according to teacher and child report but most studies have been small.AimsTo explore later psychiatric disorder among children with problematic teacher-pupil relationships.MethodSecondary analysis of a population-based cross-sectional survey of children aged 5-16 with a 3-year follow-up.ResultsOf the 3799 primary-school pupils assessed, 2.5% of parents reported problematic teacher-pupil relationships; for secondary-school pupils (n=3817) this rose to 6.6%. Among secondary-school pupils, even when children with psychiatric disorder at baseline were excluded and we adjusted for baseline psychopathology score, problematic teacher-pupil relationships were statistically significantly related to higher levels of psychiatric disorder at 3-year follow-up (odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95% CI 1.07-3.51 for any psychiatric disorder, OR=3.00, 95% CI 1.37-6.58 for conduct disorder). Results for primary-school pupils were similar but non-significant at this level of adjustment.ConclusionsThis study underlines the need to support teachers and schools to develop positive relationships with their pupils.
Psychiatrists' access to electronic laboratory results
Authors: Skelton Mike , Thacker Simon , Forbes-Haley Andrew , Kumar Mahendra , Holliday Eleanor 
Published: May 2013

Aims and methodA completed audit cycle, consisting of email surveys of all psychiatrists and a review of acute trust information technology registers was undertaken in Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, to assess whether psychiatrists could access electronic laboratory results from the neighbouring acute trust laboratory. This was replicated in Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, with an initial audit; plans were then implemented to increase access.ResultsIn Derbyshire, 14% of psychiatrists could access electronic results initially, with limited ward access. By re-audit, all wards had access, and 28% used those systems. The later initial audit in Nottinghamshire Healthcare Trust revealed 6% access.Clinical implicationsBenefits of electronic results include clinical (faster decisions, safer monitoring, prompt detection of acute problems); efficiency savings (less wasted time telephoning); and other (improved relationships with general practitioners and laboratories, reduced marginalisation of patients with mental illness and professionals). There may be considerable clinical and efficiency savings for trusts.
Gestão de Mudanças nas Organizações do Terceiro Setor: O Desafio da Sustentabilidade Financeira
Authors: Parente Tobias Coutinho , Tiscoski Gabriela Pellegrini , Rosolen Talita , Ferrato da Silva Matheus Roquette , Abreu de Campos Ana Carolina , Sakamuto Douglas Aparecido 
Published: May 2013

O presente artigo objetiva analisar as mudanças na cultura organizacional das organizações do terceiro setor (OTS) para atingir a sustentabilidade financeira, a partir da contextualização das OTS no Brasil e da apresentação do Estudo de Caso de duas organizações do terceiro setor, o INVAR e o Laboridade. A pesquisa baseou-se na visão construtivista, conforme propõe Stake (2005) e no método dedutivo no nível de análise organizacional, sendo a análise elaborada com base na abordagem contextualista, a fim de identificar e explorar padrões que podem ser recorrentes (FISCHER, 2002b; PETTIGREW, 2007), como a formação de parcerias e alianças interorganizacionais (FISCHER, 2002a). Observou-se que as organizações estudadas estão em processo de adaptação, mas ainda caminham de forma reativa às mudanças e transformações impostas pelo contexto. Presas a uma forma já ultrapassada de obtenção de recursos, as OTS enxergam a necessidade de mudanças, mas seu maior desafio é identificar as oportunidades.
Infection and inflammatory mechanisms
Authors: Van Dyke Thomas E. , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis introductory article examines the potential mechanisms that may play a role in the associations between periodontitis and the systemic conditions being considered in the EFP/AAP Workshop in Segovia, Spain. Three basic mechanisms have been postulated to play a role in these interactions; metastatic infections,inflammation and inflammatory injury, and adaptive immunity. The potential role of each alone and together is considered in in vitro and animal studies and in human studies when available. This is not a systematic or critical review, but rather an overview of the field to set the stage for the critical reviews in each of the working groups.
A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes
Authors: Taylor John J. , Preshaw Philip M. , Lalla Evanthia 
Published: May 2013

Aims: To review the evidence for the molecular and cellular processes that may potentially link periodontal disease and diabetes. The pathogenic roles of cytokines and metabolic molecules (e.g. glucose, lipids) are explored and the role of periodontal bacteria is also addressed. Paradigms for bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and diabetes are discussed and opportunities for elaborating these models are considered.Methods: Database searches were performed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Studies were evaluated and summarized in a narrative review. Results: Periodontal microbiota appears unaltered by diabetes and there is little evidence that it may influence glycaemic control. Small‐scale clinical studies and experiments in animal models suggest that IL‐1b, TNF‐a, IL‐6, OPG and RANKL may mediate periodontitis in diabetes. The AGE‐RAGE axis is likely an important pathway of tissue destruction and impaired repair in diabetesassociated periodontitis. A role for locally activated pro‐inflammatory factors in the periodontium, which subsequently impact on diabetes, remains speculative.Conclusion: There is substantial information on potential mechanistic pathways which support a close association between diabetes and periodontitis, but there is a real need for longitudinal clinical studies using larger patient groups, integrated with studies of animal models and cells/tissues in vitro.
Epidemiology of association between maternal periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes – systematic review
Authors: Ide Mark , Papapanou Panos N. 
Published: May 2013

Background: and objectives: There is still debate regarding potential relationships between maternal periodontitis during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available epidemiological evidence on this association.Data sources: Combined electronic and hand search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, WEB OF SCIENCE and Cochrane Central Register databases.Study eligibility criteria: Original publications reporting data from cross‐sectional, case‐control or prospective cohort epidemiological studies on the association between periodontal status and preterm birth, low birthweight (LBW) or preeclampsia. The search was not limited to publications in English. All selected studies provided data based on professional assessments of periodontal status, and outcome variables, including preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation), LBW (<2500 g), gestational age, small for gestational age, birthweight, pregnancy loss or miscarriage, or pre‐eclampsia.Participants: Pregnant women with or without periodontal disease, and with or without adverse pregnancy outcomes, assessed either during pregnancy or postpartum. No intervention studies were included. Study appraisal and synthesis methods – Publications were assessed based on predefined screening criteria including type of periodontal assessment, consistency in the timing of the periodontal assessment with respect to gestational age, examiner masking and consideration of additional exposures and confounders.Results: Maternal periodontitis is modestly but significantly associated with LBW and preterm birth, but the use of a categorical or a continuous exposure definition of periodontitis appears to impact the findings: Although significant associations emerge from case‐control and cross‐sectional studies using periodontitis “case definitions,” these were substantially attenuated in studies assessing periodontitis as a continuous variable. Data from prospective studies followed a similar pattern, but associations were generally weaker. Maternal periodontitis was significantly associated with pre‐eclampsia.Limitations: There is a high degree of variability in study populations, recruitment and assessment, as well as differences in how data are recorded and handled. As a result, studies included in meta‐analyses show a high degree of heterogeneity.Conclusions and implications: of key findings: Maternal periodontitis is modestly but independently associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the findings are impacted by periodontitis case definitions. It is suggested that future studies employ both continuous and categorical assessments of periodontal status. Further use of the composite outcome preterm LBW is not encouraged.
Sucralose Affects Glycemic and Hormonal Responses to an Oral Glucose Load
Authors: Pepino M. Yanina , Tiemann Courtney D. , Patterson Bruce W. , Wice Burton M. , Klein Samuel 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
Nonnutritive sweeteners (NNS), such as sucralose, have been reported to have metabolic effects in animal models. However, the relevance of these findings to human subjects is not clear. We evaluated the acute effects of sucralose ingestion on the metabolic response to an oral glucose load in obese subjects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seventeen obese subjects (BMI 42.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) who did not use NNS and were insulin sensitive (based on a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score ≤2.6) underwent a 5-h modified oral glucose tolerance test on two separate occasions preceded by consuming either sucralose (experimental condition) or water (control condition) 10 min before the glucose load in a randomized crossover design. Indices of β-cell function, insulin sensitivity (SI), and insulin clearance rates were estimated by using minimal models of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics.

RESULTS
Compared with the control condition, sucralose ingestion caused 1) a greater incremental increase in peak plasma glucose concentrations (4.2 ± 0.2 vs. 4.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L; P = 0.03), 2) a 20 ± 8% greater incremental increase in insulin area under the curve (AUC) (P &lt; 0.03), 3) a 22 ± 7% greater peak insulin secretion rate (P &lt; 0.02), 4) a 7 ± 4% decrease in insulin clearance (P = 0.04), and 5) a 23 ± 20% decrease in SI (P = 0.01). There were no significant differences between conditions in active glucagon-like peptide 1, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon incremental AUC, or indices of the sensitivity of the β-cell response to glucose.

CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that sucralose affects the glycemic and insulin responses to an oral glucose load in obese people who do not normally consume NNS.