bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological Characterization of Algae Infused Hydrogel Precursors
Authors: Tuladhar Slesha , Khoda A. K. M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hydrogels, distinguished for their exceptional water-absorption capacity and biocompatibility, stand as pivotal materials in the realms of biomedical and engineering applications. However, the enduring challenge of ensuring the long-term structural stability of hydrogels remains a persistent concern. This issue becomes notably complex when live cells are introduced into hydrogel matrices to create bio ink formulations, giving rise to intricate hydrogel-cell interactions, which pose substantial threats to the integrity, longevity, and functional performance of hydrogels. The investigation of rheological properties, with a particular focus on the intricate variable shear-thinning behavior exhibited by cell-infused hydrogel precursors, assumes critical importance in addressing these multifaceted challenges. In this pursuit, a series of hybrid hydrogel compositions including sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and TEMPO-mediated nano-fibrillated cellulose (TO-NFC) was prepared and to each formulation algal constituents were added. Over an extended period, the rheological behavior of these composite hydrogel precursors was studied. The objective was to better understand the rheological behavior of different formulations as potential candidates to be considered as bio-ink formulations. Furthermore, they were subjected to hemocytometer to keep track of the cell growth. Unexpectedly, the outcomes of this investigation revealed a notable decrease in viscosity of many compositions, a phenomenon that exhibited a marked dependence on the growth of algae integrated into the hydrogel precursor. Similarly, we predict that the composition sodium alginate (4%), CMC (1%) and TO-NFC (1%) will show the best printability under the 3D bio printer. This revelation underscores the imperative need for consideration when introducing supplementary components into hydrogel precursors, as viscosity alterations can exert a profound influence on the performance of these hybrid systems. Similarly, the implications of these novel findings transcend theoretical boundaries and carry immediate practical relevance. Consequently, it makes a significant contribution to the broader understanding of these intricate relationships, facilitating the development of innovative materials characterized by superior properties and performance attributes. The newfound awareness of viscosity modulation within these hybrid systems holds the potential to optimize the design and utilization of hydrogel-based materials especially in the field of 3D bio printing encompassing the domains of biopharming, biomedicine, and tissue-engineering.
The Effect of Electric Pulse and Strain Rate on the Formability of Aluminium 6061: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Anand Amit , Lingam Rakesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The electrically assisted forming of sheet metal holds a promising avenue in improving formability and green manufacturing. Manufacturers aim to enhance formability and reduce the load required for forming with fewer defects. In most sheet metal forming operations, a biaxial state of stress exists. In addition, it is challenging to align the current flow direction with the loading direction because of the complexity of processes. So, uniaxial testing with electric current is insufficient for the complete mechanical characterization of sheet metal. The current work aims to understand the effect of pulsed electric current in the complex phenomenon of the biaxial state of stress at different strain rates. The formability of Al 6061 in the presence of electric current is investigated using the Erichsen cupping test. The testing setup is fixed on the universal testing machine to control the loading rate precisely, and insulation is provided to prevent the current leakage into the machine. Short duration, high-frequency electric pulses with a peak current of 400 A and having square waveform are applied during the test. A comprehensive study is conducted by varying the punch speed from 10−3 to 20 mm/s. The blank holder force is maintained at 20 kN, and graphite powder is used as a lubricant because of its electrical conductivity. Experimental observation showed that the Erichsen Index (IE) is almost constant regardless of punch velocity when electric current is not applied. However, punch velocity affects the flow stress; the higher the punch speed, the more load is required for the same deformation in the sheet. Interestingly, a peculiar trend emerged when the electric current was applied at lower punch speeds. It is found that the fracture height (representing the IE) diminishes when the strain rate is reduced. When no electric current is used, the fracture starts in the transverse direction (TD) propagates concentric to the punch axis. Meanwhile, applying electric current changed the fracture behavior to a straight line along the rolling direction. Applying the pulsed electric current improved the Erichsen index by 15 to 20 %, and the load was reduced by 12.5 % compared to without electric current.
Additive Manufacturing of Wheat Straw for Sustainable Thermal Insulation Application
Authors: Guo Zipeng , Liang Licheng , Armstrong Jason , Ren Shenqiang , Zhou Chi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thermal insulation materials reduce heat transfer and are typically made from materials like fiberglass, foam, or mineral wool, which are engineered to trap air and hinder heat conduction and convection. The traditional manufacturing processes of thermal insulation materials are often energy-intensive and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions. In the current global drive for sustainability, these energy-intensive manufacturing processes raise environmental concerns and need to be addressed. In this work, with the objective of addressing both material sustainability and manufacturing sustainability, we present an additive manufacturing strategy to fabricate biomass materials for thermal insulation applications. Firstly, we propose to use biomass materials, such as wheat straw, as the primary feedstock materials for manufacturing. Such biomass materials offer the unique capacity to sequester carbon dioxide during their growth, and when incorporated into thermal insulation structures, they effectively capture and store carbon inside the structure. Concurrently, our pursuit of manufacturing process sustainability is driven by using a cost-effective additive manufacturing technology to fabricate durable thermal insulation structures. In the presented work, we first demonstrate the formulation of a 3D-printable ink using chopped straw fibers. We conduct comprehensive rheological characterizations to reveal the shear-thinning properties and the printability of the straw fiber ink. Utilizing the direct ink writing (DIW) process, the straw fiber material is deposited into 3D structures. Following bulk material characterization tests, including microstructure, mechanical, and thermal tests. We unveil the low thermal conductivity and robust mechanical properties. This paper marks the first work of 3D printing of wheat straw fibers for thermal insulation structures. The discoveries in this pilot work demonstrate the potential to leverage additive manufacturing technologies and sustainable biomass materials to create both functional and value-added wheat straw parts tailored for thermal insulation applications.
Enhancing Laser Shock Peening Effect on AA7075 Using a Magnetic Field
Authors: Huang Binghan , Xu Longjie , Wang Kai , Zhang Yu , Tang Chao , Ye Yixuan , Ye Chang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a surface treatment technology to improve the surface properties of metallic materials, laser shock peening (LSP) has been widely researched and applied. LSP process produces the high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The violent expansion of the plasma generates shock waves applied to the surface of the material. Compared to other surface strengthening methods, LSP has a high strain rate. LSP process can increase the surface hardness of the material, introduce compressive residual stress and improves the mechanical properties of the material. However, the conventional LSP may be limited by the energy conversion efficiency and compressive stress depth, which limits the application of LSP to some extent. Further optimization of the LSP process to achieve better reinforcement effect has become one of the important research directions.
In this study, a new LSP method, magnetic field assisted laser shock peening (MA-LSP), was used for AA7075-T6. In the MA-LSP process, the sample was placed in a constant magnetic field environment to conduct LSP. The effect of peening was improved by the synergy of a magnetic field and LSP. The effects of MA-LSP process on the surface morphology, microstructure, surface hardness and residual stress of AA7075-T6 were investigated and compared with the conventional LSP to explore the influence of magnetic field on the peening effect. The results showed that the surface peening marks of MA-LSPed sample were deeper compared to those of conventional LSP, indicating a greater impact energy received. After MA-LSP, the surface grains of sample were more significantly refined, and the surface hardness of the sample was significantly improved with a deeper hardened layer produced. In addition, the results of the in-depth residual stress test indicated that the surface compressive residual stress of the sample after MA-LSP was increased by 19.46% compared with that of the conventional LSP, and the maximum compressive residual stress occurred at a depth of 100 μm from sample surface, which was an increase of 16.85%. Meanwhile, the compressive residual stress layer of MA-LSPed sample was also deeper.
The improved effect of magnetic field on LSP is mainly attributed to the fact that the magnetic field can effectively constrain the plasma, so that the expansion of the plasma is limited, which can promote the shock wave induced by the plasma expansion is more effective transmission to the interior of the material. Besides, due to the magnetoplastic effect, the magnetic field can effectively promote the dislocation motion, thus LSP is more effective in improving the microstructure and properties of materials. These synergistic effects ultimately increase the strengthening effect of the LSP process, which is expected to further improve the mechanical properties of the material and extend its fatigue life.
Brief Paper: Potential of Alcohol As a Lubricant in Cutting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Sugihara Tatsuya , Suzuki Hikaru , Enomoto Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The role of cutting fluids in metal cutting processes is fundamental to achieving high performance machining. However, the use of conventional cutting fluids necessitates post-machining cleaning, typically involving hazardous organic solvents, which pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. Our recent findings have highlighted the potential of alcohol as a viable alternative in the cutting of aluminum alloys. When alcohol is introduced at the cutting point during aluminum alloy machining, it undergoes a reaction with the freshly exposed aluminum surface, resulting in the formation of an “alkoxide” reaction product. This alkoxide exhibits exceptional lubricating properties, effectively reducing cutting force and improving the surface finish quality. Given the high volatility of alcohol, its application as a lubricant in aluminum alloy cutting could eliminate the necessity for post-machining cleaning processes. In this study, two-dimensional cutting experiments were conducted on an AL7075 alloy using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to assess the potential of alcohol as a lubricant in aluminum alloy cutting. The results from the cutting experiments presented the evidence that the supply of IPA effectively reduced cutting force by approximately 50%, surpassing the performance of conventional oil-based cutting fluids in certain cutting conditions. Employing high-speed in-situ imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) provided critical insights, revealing that dry machining without any use of lubricants in cutting of AL7075 led to the cyclic formation and removal of a built-up edge due to severe friction between the tool-chips interface. In contrast, the supply of IPA facilitated the chip flow along the tool rake face, resulting in the formation of a continuous, laminar-type chip flow. These findings clearly illustrate the significant enhancement in the tool-chip lubrication condition enabled by the application of IPA. Moreover, the effects induced by IPA supply were not observed in the cutting of Cu, indicating that the improvement in cutting performance due to IPA is not caused by the lubricating effect of IPA itself, but rather by the formation of alkoxide. Additionally, the cutting experiments with different types of alcohols were also performed to investigate the relationship between their physical properties and their impact on cutting performance. The results indicated that alcohols with lower viscosity and a higher ability to penetrate the tool-chip interface exhibited superior cutting performance. These results unequivocally support the assertion that alcohols possess substantial potential as effective lubricants for achieving high-performance cutting in aluminum alloys. This breakthrough could significantly mitigate the environmental and health hazards associated with conventional cutting fluids, offering a promising, sustainable alternative in metal machining practices.
A molecular analysis of meropenem–vaborbactam non-susceptible KPC-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yasmin Mohamad , Marshall Steven H. , Chen Liang , Rhoads Daniel D. , Jacobs Michael R. , Rojas Laura J. , Perez Federico , Hujer Andrea M. , Hujer Kristine M. , van Duin David , Fowler Vance , Chambers Henry F. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Bonomo Robert A. ,   for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

We characterized the molecular determinants of meropenem–vaborbactam (MV) non-susceptibility among non-metallo-β-lactamase-producing KPC-
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(KPC-
KP
). Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify mutations associated with MV non-susceptibility. Isolates with elevated MV MICs were found to have mutations encoding truncated or altered OmpK36 porins and increased
bla
KPC
copy numbers. KPC-
KP
isolates with decreased susceptibility to MV were detected among a collection of isolates predating the availability of MV.
Viral and cellular determinants of polarized trafficking of viral envelope proteins from insect-specific and insect-vectored viruses in insect midgut and salivary gland cells
Authors: Hodgson Jeffrey J. , Chen Robin Y. , Blissard Gary W. , Buchon Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Systemic viral infection of insects typically begins with the primary infection of midgut epithelial cells (enterocytes) and subsequent transit of the progeny virus in an apical-to-basal orientation into the hemocoel. For insect-vectored viruses, an oppositely oriented process (basal-to-apical transit) occurs upon secondary infection of salivary glands and is necessary for virus transmission to non-insect hosts. To examine this inversely oriented virus transit in these polarized tissues, we assessed the intracellular trafficking of two model viral envelope proteins (baculovirus GP64 and vesicular stomatitis virus G) in the midgut and salivary gland cells of the model insect,
Drosophila melanogaster
. Using fly lines that inducibly express either GP64 or VSV G, we found that each protein, expressed alone, was trafficked basally in midgut enterocytes. In salivary gland cells, VSV G was trafficked apically in most but not all cells, whereas GP64 was consistently trafficked basally. We demonstrated that a YxxØ motif present in both proteins was critical for basal trafficking in midgut enterocytes but dispensable for trafficking in salivary gland cells. Using RNAi, we found that clathrin adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-3, as well as seven Rab GTPases, were involved in polarized VSV G trafficking in midgut enterocytes. Our results indicate that these viral envelope proteins encode the requisite information and require no other viral factors for appropriately polarized trafficking. In addition, they exploit tissue-specific differences in protein trafficking pathways to facilitate virus egress in the appropriate orientation for establishing systemic infections and vectoring infection to other hosts.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses that use insects as hosts must navigate specific routes through different insect tissues to complete their life cycles. The routes may differ substantially depending on the life cycle of the virus. Both insect pathogenic viruses and insect-vectored viruses must navigate through the polarized cells of the midgut epithelium to establish a systemic infection. In addition, insect-vectored viruses must also navigate through the polarized salivary gland epithelium for transmission. Thus, insect-vectored viruses appear to traffic in opposite directions in these two tissues. In this study, we asked whether two viral envelope proteins (VSV G and baculovirus GP64) alone encode the signals necessary for the polarized trafficking associated with their respective life cycles. Using
Drosophila
as a model to examine tissue-specific polarized trafficking of these viral envelope proteins, we identified one of the virus-encoded signals and several host proteins associated with regulating the polarized trafficking in the midgut epithelium.
mSphere of Influence: The power of polymicrobial partnerships in chronic infection research
Authors: VanDrisse Chelsey M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Chelsey VanDrisse works in the field of microbial physiology, studying how acylation of small molecules and proteins affects the development of
Pseudomonas
biofilms. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on the paper “Community composition shapes microbial-specific phenotypes in a cystic fibrosis polymicrobial model system” by Jean-Pierre et al. This paper prompted her to reassess her approach to studying antibiotic tolerance and her design of experiments that search for disease-relevant mutants and phenotypes in the laboratory.
RESIST ACINETO test for the rapid detection of NDM and OXA acquired carbapenemases directly from blood culture in
Acinetobacter
species
Authors: Potron Anaïs , Daniel Marion , Bay Mila , Choulet Pauline , Garrigos Thomas , Sababadichetty Loïk , Belmonte Olivier , Fournier Damien , Jeannot Katy , Miltgen Guillaume 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) are increasingly reported worldwide and a leading cause of mortality associated with antimicrobial resistance. Their early detection, particularly in the cases of bloodstream infections, is crucial in attempting to initiate effective antibiotic treatment. The immunochromatographic assay RESIST ACINETO (Coris BioConcept) is a new test developed for the detection of OXA-23, OXA-40/58, and New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemases in
Acinetobacter
spp. We evaluated this test on a collection of 121
Acinetobacter
spp. clinical isolates, including 104 carbapenemase producers (97 carbapenemases targeted by the test) and 17 non-carbapenemase producers. The performance of the RESIST ACINETO test was evaluated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations from bacterial and blood cultures. The strains producing the carbapenemases OXA-23, -40, -58, or/and NDM were accurately detected from bacterial cultures and directly from blood cultures, with the exception of one OXA-23/NDM-1-positive
Acinetobacter radioresistens
isolate (only detected through standard culture). None of the non-carbapenemase producers tested positive. The RESIST ACINETO test demonstrated sensitivity/specificity of 100%/100% and 99%/100% on bacterial and blood cultures, respectively.

IMPORTANCE

The incidence of bloodstream infections with carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) could be very high in some countries such as the Balkans or Southeast Asia. In case of positive blood cultures with Gram-negative bacteria, the use of the RESIST ACINETO test could prove highly beneficial for the rapid identification of these imipenem-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, it is now well established that New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase-producing isolates can have increased MICs of cefiderocol, which is an alternative treatment for these infections. This test may also allow the optimization of treatment based on the type of carbapenemase present. Finally, the RESIST ACINETO test is a rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assay that demonstrates excellent performance in detecting the major acquired carbapenemases present in the
Acinetobacter species
.
Synthesis, characterization, volatility, and thermal stability of fluorinated copper(II) aminoalkoxide complexes as potential vapour deposition precursors
Authors: Hoffman Nicholas A. , Emslie David J.H. 
Published: August 2024

The sodium aminoalkoxides Na[OCR(CF3)CH2NMeR′] {R = H, R′ = Me (1a); R = R′ = Me (1b); R = CF3, R′ = Me (1c); R = Me, R′ = Et (1d); R = CF3, R′ = Et (1e)} were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding fluorinated epoxide {OCH2CR(CF3); R = H (A), Me (B), CF3 (C)} with a secondary amine (HNMe2 or HNMeEt), followed by deprotonation with sodium hydride. Compounds 1a–e were isolated as white powders and characterized by combustion elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Epoxides A and C are commercially available, while epoxide B was prepared by in situ deprotonation and alkylation of A. Reactions of 1a–e with copper(II) chloride in THF afforded [Cu{OCR(CF3)CH2NMeR′}2] {R = H, R′ = Me (2a); R = R′ = Me (2b); R = CF3, R′ = Me (2c); R = Me, R′ = Et (2d); R = CF3, R′ = Et (2e)}; compounds 2b and 2c have previously been reported but not structurally characterized, while 2a, 2d, and 2e are new to this report. All copper(II) compounds were characterized by combustion elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The physical properties of 2a–e were also evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, melting point, and sublimation (at 5 mTorr) data, with comparison to previously reported non-fluorinated [Cu{OCHMeCH2NMe2}2] (III; [Cu(dmap)2]).
Optimize the event selection strategy to study the anomalous quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders using the support vector machine and quantum support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Guo Yu-Chen , Yang Ji-Chong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe search of the new physics (NP) beyond the Standard Model is one of the most important topics in current high energy physics. With the increasing luminosities at the colliders, the search for NP signals requires the analysis of more and more data, and the efficiency in data processing becomes particularly important. As a machine learning algorithm, support vector machine (SVM) is expected to to be useful in the search of NP. Meanwhile, the quantum computing has the potential to offer huge advantages when dealing with large amounts of data, which suggests that quantum SVM (QSVM) is a potential tool in future phenomenological studies of the NP. How to use SVM and QSVM to optimize event selection strategies to search for NP signals are studied in this paper. Taking the tri-photon process at a muon collider as an example, it can be shown that the event selection strategies optimized by the SVM and QSVM are effective in the search of the dimension-8 operators contributing to the anomalous quartic gauge couplings.