bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Immediate Effects on Inter-rectus Distance of Abdominal Crunch and Drawing-in Exercises During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Authors: Mota Patrícia , Pascoal Augusto Gil , Carita Ana Isabel , Bø Kari 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Longitudinal descriptive exploratory study. Objectives To evaluate in primigravid women the immediate effect of drawing-in and abdominal crunch exercises on inter-rectus distance (IRD), measured at 4 time points during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Background There is scant knowledge of the effect of different abdominal exercises on IRD in pregnant and postpartum women. Methods The study included 84 primiparous participants. Ultrasound images were recorded with a 12-MHz linear transducer, at rest and during abdominal drawing-in and abdominal crunch exercises, at 3 locations on the linea alba. The IRD was measured at 4 time points: gestational weeks 35 to 41, 6 to 8 weeks postpartum, 12 to 14 weeks postpartum, and 24 to 26 weeks postpartum. Separate 2-way, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were performed for each exercise (drawing-in and abdominal crunch) and each measurement location to evaluate the immediate effects of exercises on IRD at each of the 4 time points. Similarly, 2-way ANOVAs were used to contrast the effects of the 2 exercises on IRD. Results Performing the drawing-in exercise caused a significant change in width of the IRD at 2 cm below the umbilicus, narrowing the IRD by a mean of 3.8 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2, 6.4 mm) at gestational weeks 35 to 41, and widening the IRD by 3.0 mm (95% CI: 1.4, 4.6 mm) at 6 to 8 weeks postpartum, by 1.8 mm (95% CI: 0.6, 3.1 mm) at 12 to 14 weeks postpartum, and by 2.5 mm (95% CI: 1.4, 3.6 mm) at 24 to 26 weeks postpartum (P<.01). Performing the abdominal crunch exercise led to a significant narrowing of the IRD (P<.01) in all 3 locations at all 4 time points, with the exception of 2 cm below the umbilicus at postpartum weeks 24 to 26. The average amount of narrowing varied from 1.6 to 20.9 mm, based on time and location. Conclusion Overall, there was a contrasting effect of the 2 exercises, with the abdominal crunch exercise consistently producing a significant narrowing of the IRD. In contrast, the drawing-in exercise generally led to a small widening of the IRD. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):781–788. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5459
Excursion of the Sciatic Nerve During Nerve Mobilization Exercises: An In Vivo Cross-sectional Study Using Dynamic Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Coppieters Michel W. , Andersen Line S. , Johansen Runar , Giskegjerde Per K. , Høivik Mona , Vestre Siv , Nee Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Controlled laboratory cross-sectional study using single-group, within-subject comparisons. Objectives To determine whether different types of neurodynamic techniques result in differences in longitudinal sciatic nerve excursion. Background Large differences in nerve biomechanics have been demonstratedfor different neurodynamic techniques for the upper limb (median nerve), but recent findings for the sciatic nerve have only revealed small differences in nerve excursion that may not be clinically meaningful. Methods High-resolution ultrasound imaging was used to quantify longitudinal sciatic nerve movement in the thigh of 15 asymptomatic participants during 6 different mobilization techniques for the sciatic nerve involving the hip and knee. Healthy volunteers were selected to demonstrate normal nerve biomechanics and to eliminate potentially confounding variables associated with dysfunction. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to analyze the data. Results The techniques resulted in markedly different amounts of nerve movement (P<.001). The tensioning technique was associated with the smallest excursion (mean ± SD, 3.2 ± 2.1 mm; P−.004). The sliding technique resulted in the largest excursion (mean ± SD, 17.0 ± 5.2 mm; P<.001), which was approximately 5 times larger than that resulting from the tensioning technique and, on average, twice as large as that resulting from individual hip or knee movements. Conclusion Consistent with current theories and findings for the median nerve, different neurodynamic exercises for the lower limb resulted in markedly different sciatic nerve excursions. Considering the continuity of the nervous system, the movement and position of adjacent joints have a large impact on nerve biomechanics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):731–737. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5743
Knee Confidence as It Relates to Self-reported and Objective Correlates of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-sectional Study of 220 Patients
Authors: Skou Søren T. , Rasmussen Sten , Simonsen Ole , Roos Ewa M. 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective The objective was to validate, if possible, previously reported associations and to investigate other potential associations between knee confidence and various self-reported and objective measures in an independent cohort of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Background Lack of knee confidence is a frequent symptom in patients with knee OA, but little is known of associations between knee confidence and other common correlates of knee OA. Methods Baseline data from 220 patients with knee OA were applied in ordinal regression analyses, with knee confidence, assessed using item Q3 of the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, as the dependent variable and self-reported (pain on walking, general health, fear of movement, self-efficacy, function, and previous serious injury) and objective measures (muscle strength, 20-m walk time, and radiographic severity of tibiofemoral OA) as predictor variables. Results Most (95%) of the participants reported lack of knee confidence, and 54% experienced severe or extreme lack of knee confidence. Fear of movement (odds ratio [OR] = 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15, 3.68), pain on walking (OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.34), and general health (OR = 0.024; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.259) explained 19% of the variance in knee confidence (P<.001). Conclusion Severe lack of knee confidence is a common finding in individuals with knee OA. Pain on walking was confirmed as a correlate of knee confidence, whereas muscle strength was not. Fear of movement and poor general health were new variables associated with lack of knee confidence. The noncorrelations or poor correlations with other tested variables suggest that a lack of knee confidence may represent an independent treatment target in knee OA of importance to improve mobility. Trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01410409 and NCT01535001). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):765–771. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5864
The Consequence of a Medial Ankle Sprain on Physical and Self-reported Functional Limitations: A Case Study Over a 5-Month Period
Authors: Terada Masafumi , Thomas Abbey C. , Pietrosimone Brian , Hiller Claire E. , Bowker Samantha , Gribble Phillip A. 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Case report. Background Little evidence exists about impairments and perceived disability following eversion injury to the deltoid ligament. This case study prospectively examined the neuromuscular, biomechanical, and psychological consequences of a case of a medial ankle sprain. Case Description A recreationally active man with a history of a lateral ankle sprain (grade I) was participating in a university Institutional Review Board-approved research study examining the neuromuscular and mechanical characteristics associated with chronic ankle instability. Twenty-two days after the testing session, the participant sustained an eversion injury to his left ankle while playing basketball. Outcomes The outcomes of this case are presented using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model. Outcome variables were assessed at preinjury (medial ankle sprain), 3 months postinjury, and 5 months postinjury. Measurements included neural excitability of the soleus, balance assessment, joint stability, and psychological assessments. Data from this case study revealed that a medial ankle sprain reduces joint mobility and alters neural excitability of the soleus, with concurrent deficits in balance and self-reported function. These impairments forced the participant to downgrade his physical activity lifestyle up to 5 months postinjury. Discussion These data suggest the need for the development of intervention strategies to address impairments in neural excitability and joint mobility at the ankle to help patients meet the goal of maintaining long-term joint health. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):756–764. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6097
Development of codes and KASKAD complex
Authors: Lizorkin M. P. , Gordienko P. V. , Kalugin M. A. , Kotsarev A. V. , Oleksyuk D. A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A brief description of the development history of engineering computer codes for VVER reactor calculations, which have been developed in the VVER physics department of NRC Kurchatov institute, since the end of 1950 s till now, are given in the report. The modern status of the basic codes of the Kurchatov institute for VVER fuel loadings design and safety analysis (TVS-M, KASKAD-BIPR-PERMAK, BIPR8, PERMAK-3D, SC1, TOPRA, ATHLET/BIPR-VVER, TIGR-1, etc.) is characterized from various points of view. Some specific problems which are shown during designing of fuel cycles, optimisation of fuel and technologies will be commented. They demand decisions within the complex of programs and, accordingly, demand the further development of a complex or working out and inclusion in a complex of new programs.
Interaction of Macrophage Antigen 1 and CD40 Ligand Leads to IL-12 Production and Resistance in CD40-Deficient Mice Infected with Leishmania major
Authors: Okwor Ifeoma , Jia Ping , Uzonna Jude E. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although some studies indicate that the interaction of CD40 and CD40L is critical for IL-12 production and resistance to cutaneous leishmaniasis, others suggest that this pathway may be dispensable. In this article, we compared the outcome of Leishmania major infection in both CD40- and CD40L-deficient mice after treatment with rIL-12. We show that although CD40 and CD40L knockout (KO) mice are highly susceptible to L. major, treatment with rIL-12 during the first 2 wk of infection causes resolution of cutaneous lesions and control of parasite replication. Interestingly, although treated CD40 KO mice remained healed, developed long-term immunity, and were resistant to secondary L. major challenge, treated CD40L KO reactivated their lesion after cessation of rIL-12 treatment. Disease reactivation in CD40L KO mice was associated with impaired IL-12 and IFN-γ production and a concomitant increase in IL-4 production by cells from lymph nodes draining the infection site. We show that IL-12 production by dendritic cells and macrophages via CD40L–macrophage Ag 1 (Mac-1) interaction is responsible for the sustained resistance in CD40 KO mice after cessation of rIL-12 treatment. Blockade of CD40L–Mac-1 interaction with anti–Mac-1 mAb led to spontaneous disease reactivation in healed CD40 KO mice, which was associated with impaired IFN-γ response and loss of infection-induced immunity after secondary L. major challenge. Collectively, our data reveal a novel role of CD40L–Mac-1 interaction in IL-12 production, development, and maintenance of optimal Th1 immunity in mice infected with L. major.
XML (almost) all the way
Authors: Flynn Peter 
Published: August 2015

In 2006 my university academic IT support group was approached by an academic colleague wanting to start a new journal, which would be available in electronic form only. There were restrictions imposed by the technical capabilities of the pool of authors, the requirements of the discipline, and — unsurprisingly — the lack of financial resources.
The decision was made to implement a system using only open source software, and building largely from scratch, as the existing open source journal publishing systems at the time, although comprehensive and well-established, were seen as far too large and complex for the task.
This paper is a case study describing the process and explaining the background to the decisions made. It attempts to draw some conclusions about the technical viability of creating a small-scale publishing system which attempted to retain XML throughout the workflow, and about the human factors which influenced the decisions.
MML: Multi Markup Language — When one markup language just isn’t enough
Authors: Lee David A. 
Published: August 2015

The fundamental arguments in the “XML” vs “JSON” “Debate/War” are irrelevant. True, XML can be extremely complicated and bloated for what should be a simple task. True, JSON lacks native support for mixed content, complex types, and is difficult to hand edit. In complex environments it is necessary to exploit the advantages of each format and to mitigate the weaknesses of each. Using as an example a multi-year ongoing project of authoring and managing the lifecycle of a particular document type, I will demonstrate how very minor differences in markup style, ironically differences intentional designed into JSON specifically as a counterpoint to XML “complexity” make a huge impact on the ability of software to assist in the editing process, and equally for humans to accurately author and modify even small documents. These little things — added together — make even “well formedness” validation impossible, useless, or worse — a valid document that is structurally different than what it appears.
I propose to solve this problem with “MML”; a hybrid approach for multi markup documents. “MML” allows multiple “Native Markup” variants of the same document to co-exist. Simple transformations can produce variants of the document suitable for different tooling including JSON and XML formats, each of which is syntactically valid for the specific markup language. This is critical for early error detection and integration with existing tools.
XML Solutions for Swedish Farmers
Authors: Nordström Ari 
Published: August 2015

The Federation of Swedish Farmers – LRF - provides its 170,000 members with a web-based service to check compliance with existing state and EU farming regulations. These checklists are also made available as a nightly produced generic checklist document with more than 130 pages, and individualised checklists for registered members.
This paper is a case study describing the XML-based system used to author, manage and publish content. The system consists of the eXist-DB, coupled with oXygen Author, used for edit, store and process the contents of the checklists and their related contents, including publishing them as PDFs and exporting them to a SQL database in charge of member registration, feeding the website, and various other tasks. The solution includes step-by-step processing of the various types of information in eXist, based on XQuery and XSLT. The system also uses XInclude modularisation, an extended XLink linkbase, as well as other markup technologies. The system currently handles a yearly volume of more than 40,000 PDF documents and many more than that in the web-based forms.
The Effects of Tai Chi on Cardiovascular Risk in Women
Authors: Robins Jo Lynne , Elswick R. K. , Sturgill Jamie , McCain Nancy L. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. This study examined the effects of tai chi (TC) on biobehavioral factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women. Design. A randomized trial used a wait-list control group, pretest-posttest design. Data were collected immediately before, immediately after, and 2 months following the intervention. Setting. The study was community based in central Virginia. Subjects. Women aged 35 to 50 years at increased risk for CVD. Intervention. The 8-week intervention built on prior work and was designed to impact biobehavioral factors associated with CVD risk in women. Measures. Biological measures included fasting glucose, insulin, and lipids as well as C-reactive protein and cytokines. Behavioral measures included fatigue, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, social support, mindfulness, self-compassion, and spiritual thoughts and behaviors. Analysis. A mixed effects linear model was used to test for differences between groups across time. Results. In 63 women, TC was shown to decrease fatigue (∂ [difference in group means] = 9.38, p = .001) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (∂ = 12.61, p = .052). Consistent with the study model and intervention design, significant changes observed 2 months post intervention indicated that TC may help down-regulate proinflammatory cytokines associated with underlying CVD risk, including interferon gamma (∂ = 149.90, p = .002), tumor necrosis factor (∂ = 16.78, p = .002), interleukin (IL) 8 (∂ = 6.47, p = .026), and IL-4 (∂ = 2.13, p = .001), and may increase mindfulness (∂ = .54, p = .021), spiritual thoughts and behaviors (∂ = 8.30, p = .009), and self-compassion (∂ = .44, p = .045). Conclusion. This study contributes important insights into the potential benefits and mechanisms of TC and, with further research, may ultimately lead to effective strategies for reducing CVD risk in women earlier in the CVD trajectory.
A Multicomponent Intervention Helped Reduce Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake in Economically Disadvantaged Hispanic Children
Authors: Feng Du , Song Huaxin , Esperat M. Christina , Black Ipuna 
Published: August 2015

Purpose. This study aimed to examine the effect of a multicomponent intervention program on consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and lifestyle factors associated with SSB intake, in Hispanic children from low-income families. Design. A five-wave longitudinal study using a quasi-experimental design was conducted. Setting. Five elementary schools in West Texas served as the setting. Subjects. Participants included 555 predominantly Hispanic children (ages 5–9 years) from low-income families and their parents (n = 525). Intervention. A multicomponent intervention program was implemented. Measures. Children's anthropometric measures were obtained. Their weight status was determined based on body mass index for age and gender. Parents responded to a demographic questionnaire, a shelf inventory, an acculturation scale, and a family survey. Analysis. Growth curve analyses were used to test differences between intervention and comparison participants' SSB intake and to examine potential covariates. Results. Comparison group children's daily SSB intake significantly increased over time ( B = 1.06 ± .40 ounces per month, p < .01), but this linear increase of SSB was slowed down by the intervention ( B = −.29 ± .12, p < .05). More daily TV time, more fast food intake, and more types of SSBs available at home were associated with higher SSB intake. Conclusion. Risk factors of childhood obesity were associated with each other. The intervention program produced a modest reduction in SSB consumed by economically disadvantaged and predominantly Hispanic children.
FOLLOWING THE NON-MONEY TRAIL: RECONCILING SOME ANGKORIAN TEMPLE ACCOUNTS
Authors: Lustig Terry Leslie , Lustig Eileen Joan 
Published: August 2015

Few Angkorian temple inscriptions contain data on revenues and scheduling of resources in a manner that is both comprehensive and coherent. As a result, the operations of Angkor’s temples and āśrama are not well understood. Yet it must have been important for foundations to keep records to ensure their sustainability, particularly of offerings to deities and maintenance of personnel, in some cases numbering into the thousands. This paper uses an accounting approach to shed some light on the modes of support for workers of religious establishments. Prime uncertainties addressed in the process are varying scales of weights and measures for rice, and volumetric relationships between different forms of rice. Working back from stated quantities of rice and paddy, at times unrealistically precise, we deduce that the auditors adopted a ratio of 2 when calculating the conversion of paddy to rice, rather than the 2.5 commonly used in contemporary Indian texts. We also reevaluate the frequencies of two religious festivals, saṅkrānta and tithiviśeṣana. The metabolic requirements of different age groups and sexes in rice-eating communities, together with the rations prescribed in some of Yaśovarman’s āśrama allow us to estimate that a liḥ of rice weighed between 800 g and 900 g and from this to infer the age range for boys who were studying in those āśrama. The implications of the profiting of some and the under-provisioning for other sanctuary personnel are considered in conjunction with the institution of fortnightly scheduling seen in some religious establishments.
A Position Paper on Managing Youth Screen Time versus Physical Activity
Authors: Altamimi Reem I. , Skinner Geoff D. , Nesbitt Keith V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChildhood obesity is becoming increasingly prolific and problematic. Contributors to childhood obesity include decreased levels of physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. Screen-based entertainment may be an important factor in the development of childhood obesity as children and adolescents prefer to spend time using electronic devices than exercising. While it is difficult to encourage children to cease playing video games, it is possible to change these passive screens to active ones. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have been utilized by academics and researchers to promote levels of physical activity among young people. This paper is part of our continuous research into the use of technology in the facilitation and motivation of children to be more physically active. This paper presents the "MySteps " framework that has been developed to manage youth screen time and exercise performance statistics. By developing technology-based solutions, we intend to increase children and adolescents awareness of their levels of physical activity and screen time. Consequently, self-monitoring and management of screen time and physical activity levels may lead to more active living beginning at an early age and continuing throughout life.
Blind Signal Separation for Medical Data Recording Using Self-Organizing Neural Network
Authors: Sahroni Alvin , Setiawan Hendra 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper present a study of signal processing in Blind Source Separation (BSS) application for medical field, especially during medical data recording. There are two main techniques that will be investigated; Natural Gradient Method (NGM) and Self-Organized Neural Network (SONN). The main source signals are Electrocardiograph (ECG), and Electroencephalograph (EEG) that linearly mixed with noise signal. This study related to doctor’s assistant for remote outpatient and their patients to communicate each other in separate places, as well as the doctor will be able to monitoring patient’s condition using a telephone/mobile phone that have been attached with an embedded system. Hopefully, while implementing BSS technique into an embedded system for signal processing application will increase the quality of medical outpatient system remotely. This investigation conclude that SONN provide about 80% effectively than NGM while separating mixed source signals of EEG, ECG, and noise Signal.