bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide Improves Glycemic and Blood Pressure Control and Ameliorates Progression of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Hiramatsu Takeyuki , Ozeki Akiko , Asai Kazuki , Saka Marie , Hobo Akinori , Furuta Shinji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial disease associated with cardiovascular complications. Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis also experience an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. To prevent progression of cardiovascular complications in DM patients, glycemic control is important. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of the glucagon‐like peptide analog liraglutide for treating type 2 diabetes patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Sixteen type 2 diabetes patients on peritoneal dialysis were enrolled. Before liraglutide initiation, 11 patients were on insulin therapy, three were on oral antidiabetic agents, and two were on diet therapy. Of the 16 patients, 12 had switched to liraglutide because of severe hypoglycemia and four because of hyperglycemia. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 12 months after liraglutide initiation. Hemoglobin A1c, glycosylated albumin, and fasting/postprandial glucose levels gradually decreased after liraglutide initiation. After 6 and 12 months of treatment, postprandial glucose levels showed a significant difference from baseline. Moreover, the mean daily glucose level and glycemic fluctuations decreased. Systolic blood pressure upon waking also decreased. In addition, after 12 months, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) decreased and left ventricular ejection fraction increased. Changes in LVMI positively correlated with morning systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels. One patient restarted insulin because of anorexia but severe hypoglycemia was not observed. These findings suggest that liraglutide therapy in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis is safe and effective for decreasing glucose levels, glycemic fluctuations, and blood pressure, apart from improving left ventricular function.
CpwPhoto Warehouse: a custom database to facilitate archiving, identifying, summarizing and managing photo data collected from camera traps
Authors: Ivan Jacob S. , Newkirk Eric S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryContemporary methods for sampling wildlife populations include the use of remotely triggered wildlife cameras (i.e., camera traps). Such methods often result in the collection of hundreds of thousands of photos that must be identified, archived, and transformed into data formats required for statistical analyses.CpwPhoto Warehouseis a freely available software based in Microsoft Access®that has been customized for this purpose using Visual Basic®for Applications (VBA) code. Users navigate a series of point‐and‐click menu items that allow them to input information from camera deployments, automatically import photos (and image data stored within the photos) related to those deployments, and store data within a relational database. Images are seamlessly incorporated into the database windows, but are stored separately from the database.The database includes menu options that (i) facilitate identification of species within the images, (ii) allow users to view and filter any subset of the databased on study area, species, season, etc., and (iii) produce input files for common analyses such as occupancy, abundance, density and activity patterns using Programsmark,presence,densityand therpackages ‘secr’ and ‘overlap’.Our database makes explicit use of multiple observers, which greatly enhances the efficiency and accuracy with which a large number of photos can be identified. Modular subsets of the data can be distributed to an unlimited number of observers on or off site for identification. Modules are then re‐incorporated into the database using a custom import function.
IgM‐enriched solution BT086 improves host defense capacity and energy store preservation in a rabbit model of endotoxemia
Authors: Shmygalev S. , Damm M. , Knels L. , Strassburg A. , Wünsche K. , Dumke R. , Stehr S. N. , Koch T. , Heller A. R. 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionThe therapeutic value of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) as an adjuvant therapy in sepsis remains debatable. We hypothesized that intravenous administration of BT086, a predominantly IgM IVIG solution, would improve host defense in an established rabbit model of endotoxemia and systemic sepsis.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits were randomized into the following four groups: (1) the negative control group without lipopolysaccharide (LPS, control), (2) the positive control group with LPS infusion (LPS group), (3) the albumin‐treated LPS group (ALB+LPS group), and (4) the BT086‐treated LPS group (BT086 + LPS group). A standardized amount of E. coli was intravenously injected into all of the animals. The vital parameters, the concentration of E. coli in the blood and other organs, the residual granulocyte phagocytosis activity, and the levels of the inflammatory mediators were measured. Histological changes in the lung and liver tissue were examined following autopsy.ResultsThe elimination of E. coli from the bloodstream was expedited in the BT086‐treated group compared with the LPS‐ and albumin‐treated groups. The BT086 + LPS group exhibited higher phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) than the control and ALB+LPS groups. The liver energy stores were higher in the BT086 + LPS group than in the other groups.ConclusionOur data suggest that the IgM‐enriched IVIG has the potential to improve host defense in a rabbit model of endotoxemia. Studies using different animal models and dosages are necessary to further explore the potential benefits of IgM‐enriched IVIG solutions.
Social Goals and Grade as Moderators of Social Normative Influences on Adolescent Alcohol Use
Authors: Meisel Samuel N. , Colder Craig R. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe literature distinguishes 2 types of social normative influences on adolescent alcohol use, descriptive norms (perceived peer alcohol use) and injunctive norms (perceived approval of drinking). Although theoretical formulations suggest variability in the salience and influence of descriptive and injunctive norms, little is understood regarding for whom and when social norms influence adolescent drinking. Strong agentic and communal social goals were hypothesized to moderate the influence of descriptive and injunctive norms on early adolescent alcohol use, respectively. Developmental changes were also expected, such that these moderating effects were expected to get stronger at later grades.MethodsThis longitudinal study included 387 adolescents and 4 annual assessments (spanning 6th to 10th grade). Participants completed questionnaire measures of social goals, social norms, and alcohol use at each wave.ResultsMultilevel logistic regressions were used to test prospective associations. As hypothesized, descriptive norms predicted increases in the probability of alcohol use for adolescents with strong agentic goals, but only in later grades. Injunctive norms were associated with increases in the probability of drinking for adolescents with low communal goals at earlier grades, whereas injunctive norms were associated with an increased probability of drinking for adolescents with either low or high communal goals at later grades. Although not hypothesized, descriptive norms predicted increases in the probability of drinking for adolescents high in communal goals in earlier grades, whereas descriptive norms predicted drinking for adolescents characterized by low communal goals in later grades.ConclusionsThe current study highlights the importance of social goals when considering social normative influences on alcohol use in early and middle adolescence. These findings have implications for whom and when normative feedback interventions might be most effective during this developmental period.
The effects of disturbance on the population structure and regeneration potential of five dominant woody species – in Hugumburda‐Gratkhassu National Forest Priority Area, North‐eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Kidane Leul , Nemomissa Sileshi , Woldu Zerihun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVast areas of forests in North‐eastern Ethiopia have been replaced by cropland, shrub land or grazing areas. Thus, information about how vegetation composition and structure varies with disturbance is fundamental to conservation of such areas. This study aimed to investigate the effects of disturbance on the population structure and regeneration potential of five dominant woody species within forest where local communities harvest wood and graze livestock. Vegetation structure and environmental variables were assessed in 50 quadrats (20 m × 20 m). In most of both disturbed and undisturbed treatments, Juniperus procera was the highest contributor to the basal area of the forest, while that of Olinia rochetiana was the lowest. Analysis of population structure showed high density at lower Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and low density at higher DBH classes. Undisturbed forest treatments had 84% canopy cover, 22 m mean vegetation height and a density of 1320 trees of dominant species and 1024 seedlings/saplings ha−1. In disturbed habitats, canopy cover (73%), mean vegetation height (18 m) and density of dominant trees and saplings were significantly lower than in undisturbed habitats. Thus, to ensure species, survival and maintain species diversity managed use of the protected area is essential.
The in vitro antioxidant properties of alcalase hydrolysate prepared from silkie fowl (Gallus gallus) blood protein
Authors: Cheng Fu‐Yuan , Lai I‐Chun , Lin Liang‐Chuan , Sakata Ryoichi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo types of proteins including blood plasma protein and blood cell protein were isolated from silkie fowl (Gallus gallus) blood and hydrolyzed using alcalase for 0, 2, 4 and 6 h. The blood plasma protein hydrolysate (BPH) and blood cell protein hydrolysate (BCH) were analyzed for pH value, peptide content and antioxidative properties. The significantly higher peptide contents were observed in BPH than that of BCH, which showed that blood plasma protein was more suitable to hydrolysis by alcalase than blood cell protein. Both BPH and BCH showed strong 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging activity and Fe2+ chelating ability. BPH at 4 h of hydrolysis (BPH4) demonstrated significantly higher antioxidant capacity than those treated by alcalase in most of the assays. The BPH4 was separated using ultra‐filtration and assessment of the fractions and indicated that low molecular weight of peptides (< 3 kDa) possessed greater DPPH scavenging activity, Fe2+ chelating ability and inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation. These results show that BPH has the potential to be ingredients in the food industry as a replacement of synthetic antioxidants.
Genetic analysis of the rates of conception using a longitudinal threshold model with random regression in dairy crossbreeding within a tropical environment
Authors: Buaban Sayan , Kuchida Keigo , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Masuda Yutaka , Boonkum Wuttigrai , Duangjinda Monchai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was designed to: (i) estimate genetic parameters and breeding values for conception rates (CR) using the repeatability threshold model (RP‐THM) and random regression threshold models (RR‐THM); and (ii) compare covariance functions for modeling the additive genetic (AG) and permanent environmental (PE) effects in the RR‐THM. The CR was defined as the outcome of an insemination. A data set of 130 592 first‐lactation insemination records of 55 789 Thai dairy cows, calving between 1996 and 2011, was used in the analyses. All models included fixed effects of year × month of insemination, breed × day in milk to insemination class and age at calving. The random effects consisted of herd × year interaction, service sire, PE, AG and residual. Variance components were estimated using a Bayesian method via Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates of CR ranged from 0.032 to 0.067, 0.037 to 0.165 and 0.045 to 0.218 for RR‐THM with the second, third and fourth‐order of Legendre polynomials, respectively. The heritability estimated from RP‐THM was 0.056. Model comparisons based on goodness of fit, predictive abilities, predicted service results of animal, and pattern of genetic parameter estimates, indicated that the model which fit the desired outcome of insemination was the RR‐THM with two regression coefficients.
Advantage of tacrolimus/mycophenolate mofetil regimen for cytotoxic T cell-mediated defence and its inhibition by additive steroid administration in high-risk liver transplant recipients
Authors: Uemoto S , Ozawa K , Kaido T , Mori A , Fujimoto Y 
Published: November 2015

SummaryOur previous work revealed that the recipients with the highest pre-existing numbers of CD8+ effector T cells (TE) [hyperparathyroidism (HPT)E recipients] occupied approximately 30% of adult transplant recipients performed in our hospital. HPTE recipients demonstrated very poor clinical outcome compared with the remaining 70% of recipients with the lowest pre-existing TE (LPTE recipient). This study aimed to clarify the best combined immunosuppressive regimen related to function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for HPTE recipients. Eighty-one HPTE recipients were classified into three types, according to the immunosuppressive regimens: type 1, tacrolimus (Tac)/glucocorticoid (GC); type 2, Tac/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/GC; and type 3, Tac/MMF. Frequencies of severe infection, rejection and hospital death were the highest in types 1 and 2, whereas the lowest occurred in type 3. The survival rate in type 3 was the highest (100%) during follow-up until post-operative day 2000. Regarding the immunological mechanism, in type 1 TE perforin and interferon (IFN)-γ were generated through the self-renewal of CD8+ central memory T cells (TCM), but decreased in the early post-transplant period due to marked down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-12 receptor beta-1 of TCM. In type 2, the self-renewal TCM did not develop, and the effector function could not be increased. In type 3, in contrast, the effectors and cytotoxicity were correlated inversely with IL-12Rβ1+ TCM levels, and increased at the highest level around the pre-transplant levels of IL-12Rβ1+ TCM. However, the immunological advantage of Tac/MMF therapy was inhibited strongly by additive steroid administration.
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation‐assisted gait increases muscle strength and volume in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Pool Dayna , Elliott Catherine , Bear Natasha , Donnelly Cyril J , Davis Caroline , Stannage Katherine , Valentine Jane 
Published: November 2015

AimTo determine if neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) applied to the ankle dorsiflexors during gait improves muscle volume and strength in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThirty‐two children (15 females, 17 males; mean age 10y 8mo, age range 5y 5mo–18y 1mo) with unilateral spastic CP and a Gross Motor Function Classification System of level I or level II were randomly assigned to either the 8‐week daily NMES treatment group or control group (usual or conventional treatments). Outcomes at week 8 (post‐NMES) and week 14 (carryover) included magnetic resonance imaging for muscle volumes (tibialis anterior, anterior compartment, and gastrocnemius), strength (hand‐held dynamometry for isometric dorsiflexion strength and heel raises for functional strength), and clinical measures for lower limb selective motor control.ResultsAt week 8, the treatment group demonstrated significantly (p<0.05) increased muscle volumes for tibialis anterior, anterior compartment, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, and dorsiflexion strength not only when compared to their baseline values but also when compared to the control group at week 8. At week 14, both tibialis anterior and lateral gastrocnemius volumes in the treatment group remained significantly increased when compared to their baseline values. However, only lateral gastrocnemius volumes had significantly greater values when compared to the control group at week 14. There were no between group differences in the clinical measures for lower limb selective motor control at week 8 and 14.InterpretationEight weeks of daily NMES‐assisted gait increases muscle volume and strength of the stimulated ankle dorsiflexors in children with unilateral spastic CP. These changes are use‐dependent and do not carry over after the 8‐week treatment period. Gastrocnemius volume also increased post‐treatment with carryover at week 14.
Hunting Without a Web: How Lycosoid Spiders Subdue their Prey
Authors: Eggs Benjamin , Wolff Jonas O. , Kuhn‐Nentwig Lucia , Gorb Stanislav N. , Nentwig Wolfgang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMore than half of all spider species hunt prey without a web. To successfully subdue their prey, they use adapted capture behaviour and efficient grasping mechanisms to interrupt the prey's locomotion, and to restrain it from escaping during the subsequent handling for final envenomation. In this study, we investigated how the prey capture behaviour of different lycosoid spider species is related to leg morphology and venom efficiency; using high speed videography, feeding experiments, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and LD50 venom bioassays. We found that different species employed different techniques when grasping their prey and these differences strongly correlate with the distribution and size of hairy adhesive leg pads (so‐called scopulae on pro‐ and retrolateral parts of legs) and erectable spines, which act in a complementary way. Our results indicate that the grasping and handling behaviour and leg morphology is crucial in restricting the prey's movements. However, none of these traits is directly related with venom efficiency.
Egg Cortisol Exposure Enhances Fearfulness in Larvae and Juvenile Rainbow Trout
Authors: Colson Violaine , Valotaire Claudiane , Geffroy Benjamin , Kiilerich Pia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe investigated the effects of an early boost of cortisol exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs during fertilisation on subsequent behavioural responses when exposed to a sudden stimulus in larvae and juveniles. At 55 d post‐fertilisation (dpf), treatment had no effect on high accelerations occurring after a sudden event. At 146 dpf, these high accelerations were more frequent in cortisol‐treated fish than in controls. At 146 dpf also, swimming activity was increased in cortisol‐treated fish both before and after the sudden stimulus. This study underlines the important behavioural modifications in both larvae and juveniles, linked to a change in the surrounding environment of the embryo. Indeed, fish exposed to cortisol as eggs showed a higher level of fearfulness later in life. Our findings are of major interest for stress management in an aquaculture context and also allow for a better understanding of the long‐lasting effects of a permanent and/or acute stress – mediated by cortisol – that could be encountered by females, affecting population's life history trajectory.
A tale of two seas: a meta‐analysis of crustacean stocks in the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Vasilakopoulos Paraskevas , Maravelias Christos D 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMeta‐analysis of marine biological resources can elucidate general trends and patterns to inform scientists and improve management. Crustacean stocks are indispensable for European and global fisheries; however, studies of their aggregate development have been rare and confined to smaller spatial and temporal scales compared to fish stocks. Here, we study the aggregate development of 63 NE Atlantic and Mediterranean crustacean stocks of six species (Nephrops norvegicus, Pandalus borealis, Parapenaeus longirostris, Aristeus antennatus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea and Squilla mantis) in 1990–2013 using biomass index data from official stock assessments. We implemented a dynamic factor analysis (DFA) to identify common underlying trends in biomass indices and investigate the correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The analysis revealed increasing and decreasing trends in the northern and southern NE Atlantic, respectively, and stable or slowly increasing trends in the Mediterranean, which were not related to NAO. A separate meta‐analysis of the fishing mortality (F) and biomass (B) of 39 analytically assessed crustacean stocks was also carried out to explore their development relative to MSY. NE Atlantic crustacean stocks have been exploited on average close to FMSY and remained well above BMSY in 1995–2013, while Mediterranean stocks have been exploited 2–4 times above FMSY in 2002–2012. Aggregate trends of European crustacean stocks are somewhat opposite to trends of fish stocks, suggesting possible cascading effects. This study highlights the two‐speed fisheries management performance in the northern and southern European seas, despite most stocks being managed in the context of the European Union's Common Fisheries Policy.
Assessment of Oxidative Stability in Fish Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions: Effect of Emulsification Process, Droplet Size and Storage Temperature
Authors: Neves Marcos A. , Wang Zheng , Kobayashi Isao , Nakajima Mitsutoshi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this study, the effects of emulsification process, droplet size and storage temperature on the chemical and physical stability of Menhaden fish (Brevoortia tyrannus) based oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions were investigated, foreseeing the development of food emulsion systems with enhanced oxidative stability. For that purpose, the authors evaluated four different emulsification processes as follows: microchannel emulsification, premix membrane emulsification, vacuum homogenization and high‐pressure homogenization, and the droplets formulated had an average diameter ranging between 94 nm and 26.8 μm. For oil droplets sized within the micrometer range and stored at 5°C, decreasing the droplet size resulted in a significant increase on the oxidation activity (P < 0.01), which was expected considering that the increase in surface area likely leads the way to more oxygen diffusion toward the droplet surface onto the lipid core. On the contrary, for droplets sized within the submicron range, a linear relationship (R2 = 0.91) between droplet sizes and the specific lipid oxidation rate was found. The results also indicate that other factors such as emulsifier type, emulsification process and storage temperature play major roles on lipid oxidation during emulsion storage. The spontaneous droplet formation in the case of microchannel emulsification resulted in emulsions with the lowest lipid oxidation compared with conventional homogenizers, which generally employ high energy input to disrupt the droplets, further promoting lipid oxidation. This study also revealed that lipid oxidation is strongly temperature‐dependent, since lipid hydroperoxide content in all O/W emulsions increased as the storage temperature increased. Among the emulsifiers tested, sodium oleate, an anionic emulsifier, was revealed as the most suitable candidate to suppress lipid autoxidation, especially considering the storage of food emulsions at room temperature.Practical ApplicationsThe insights on lipid oxidation presented herein may provide a liable source of information while designing and formulating oil‐in‐water emulsions containing antioxidant compounds, such as ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with enhanced oxidative stability, foreseeing their potential application as functional foods or drug delivery systems. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report relating to lipid oxidation in oil‐in‐water emulsions comprising different emulsification processes, resulting in fine oil droplets sized within a wide range, based on fish oil, a lipid highly prone to oxidation. The aspects of lipid oxidation kinetics presented here could have a potential economic contribution to the food emulsion industry while saving energy on the emulsification process or storage environment.