bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking dementia: how autonomy and control can be fostered through the development of person centred services
Authors: de Waal Hugo 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the loss of autonomy and control as the core problem in dementia and highlights the individuality of the lived experience of dementia. It analyses the failure of dementia services to keep the individual central to their design and identifies that failure as the unavoidable result of methodological error.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper guides the reader through the conceptual error in dementia service design and highlights the disconnect between clinical symptomatology and the lived experience of the person with dementia. The analysis continues with the fact that dementia diminishes those brain functions central to the lived individuality, a characteristic which should inform service design.

Findings
– The paper proposes an approach, building on these insights, to build a personalised care plan and resource centre, thus filling the gap system-level design of dementia services are bound to leave open.

Practical implications
– The paper presents a pragmatic approach using a digital, portable and editable care planning tool and personalised resource centre, which can be populated by the person with dementia and/or carer(s) with facilitation from, e.g. trained volunteers or others.

Social implications
– The care planning tool will have a range of functions, including facilities to aid staying in touch with relatives or peers (or anyone else, dependent on personal preferences), enable building peer-to-peer support networks and thus minimise social isolation and loneliness.

Originality/value
– There is limited understanding of the reasons why dementia services struggle to be user-friendly, accessible, transparent and responsive. The paper provides new insight into why this is comprehensively the case and its description of a digital healthcare platform, owned and formulated by the person with dementia, directly builds upon this insight and identifies how such a device can form part of a solution.
Prevalence of human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers among pregnant women in Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Togashi Takehiro , Tsutsumi Hiroyuki , Imamura Masahiro , Okubo Hitoshi , Okabe Mihiro , Takamuro Noriko , Tashiro Kunio , Yano Koichi , Yamamoto Nagafumi , Hirakawa Yukiko , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAs there is a risk of MTCT of HTLV‐1, the HSGP HTLV‐1 MTCT was organized in 2011. To determine how many pregnant women are infected with HTLV‐1 in Hokkaido, which is the northernmost and the second largest island in Japan with a population of 5 467 000 and 39 392 newborns in 2011, the HSGP HTLV‐1 MTCT asked all facilities that may care for pregnant women in Hokkaido in July 2013 to provide information on the number of pregnant women who underwent screening for anti‐HTLV‐1 antibody using particle agglutination or chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay, and the numbers of those with positive, equivocal, and negative test results in the screening and confirmation tests using western blotting or PCR methods in 2012, respectively. A total of 111 facilities participated in this study and provided information on 33 617 pregnant women who underwent screening in 2012, corresponding to approximately 85% of all pregnant women who gave birth in Hokkaido in 2012. Of 81 candidates for a confirmation test because of positive (n = 77) or equivocal (n = 4) results on screening, 63 (78%) underwent the confirmation test and, finally, 34 (0.1%) and 33 563 (99.8%) women were judged to be HTLV‐1 carriers and non‐carriers, respectively. It was concluded that the prevalence rate of HTLV‐1 carriers was low, one per 1000 pregnant women in Hokkaido. Approximately 40 infants are born yearly to mothers infected with HTLV‐1 in Hokkaido.
Allometric scaling of indirect effects: body size ratios predict non‐consumptive effects in multi‐predator systems
Authors: Krenek Lauren , Rudolf Volker H. W. 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Non‐consumptive effects (NCES) frequently lead to non‐independent effects of multiple predators. While such emergent predator effects are ubiquitous in natural communities, the strength of these effects varies among studies and systems, making it difficult to predict a priory how changes in predator diversity influence prey suppression. Thus, identifying general scaling rules which can explain this variation of non‐independent effects is vital for modelling natural communities and how they respond to biodiversity loss.

Body size is a key trait determining the nature and strength of ecological interactions. While great progress has been made using allometric relationships to predict the interaction strength of predator–prey pairs, it is unknown whether similar relationships explain variation in the strength of NCEs, and how they are related to consumptive effects.

Here, we experimentally manipulate the relative size difference of multiple predators to determine whether NCEs follow general allometric scaling relationships in an aquatic multi‐predator system.

Results demonstrate that the presence and strength of NCEs can vary dramatically across predator combinations. However, this variation scaled predictably with the size ratio of predators, increasing the size difference among predators increased NCEs. This pattern was driven by a size‐mediated shift in ‘food web motif’ from competition to intraguild predation and a positive correlation of NCEs and intraguild predation rate.

Results indicate that models which assume that consumers have independent effects are particularly likely to make erroneous predictions when predators differ substantially in size, but simple allometric relationships of NCEs could be used to correct this bias.
A nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry study of dinoflagellate functional diversity in reef‐building corals
Authors: Pernice Mathieu , Dunn Simon R. , Tonk Linda , Dove Sophie , Domart‐Coulon Isabelle , Hoppe Peter , Schintlmeister Arno , Wagner Michael , Meibom Anders 
Published: June 2014

SummaryNutritional interactions between corals and symbiotic dinoflagellate algae lie at the heart of the structural foundation of coral reefs. Whilst the genetic diversity of Symbiodinium has attracted particular interest because of its contribution to the sensitivity of corals to environmental changes and bleaching (i.e. disruption of coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis), very little is known about the in hospite metabolic capabilities of different Symbiodinium types. Using a combination of stable isotopic labelling and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we investigated the ability of the intact symbiosis between the reef‐building coral Isopora palifera, and Symbiodinium C or D types, to assimilate dissolved inorganic carbon (via photosynthesis) and nitrogen (as ammonium). Our results indicate that Symbiodinium types from two clades naturally associated with I. palifera possess different metabolic capabilities. The Symbiodinium C type fixed and passed significantly more carbon and nitrogen to its coral host than the D type. This study provides further insights into the metabolic plasticity among different Symbiodinium types in hospite and strengthens the evidence that the more temperature‐tolerant Symbiodinium D type may be less metabolically beneficial for its coral host under non‐stressful conditions.
Bacterial community shift is induced by dynamic environmental parameters in a changing coastal ecosystem (northern Adriatic, northeastern Mediterranean Sea) – a 2‐year time‐series study
Authors: Tinta T. , Vojvoda J. , Mozetič P. , Talaber I. , Vodopivec M. , Malfatti F. , Turk V. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe potential link between the microbial dynamics and the environmental parameters was investigated in a semi‐enclosed and highly dynamic coastal system (Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea, NE Mediterranean Sea). Our comprehensive 2‐year time‐series study showed that despite the shallowness of this area, there was a significant difference between the surface and the bottom bacterial community structure. The bottom bacterial community was more diverse than the surface one and influenced by sediment re‐suspension. The surface seawater temperature had a profound effect on bacterial productivity, while the bacterial community structure was more affected by freshwater‐borne nutrients and phytoplankton blooms. Phytoplankton blooms caused an increase of Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonadaceae, SAR86 and Vibrionaceae) and shift in dominance from SAR11 to Rhodobacteraceae taxon at the surface. Our results propose the importance of the water mass movements as drivers of freshwater‐borne nutrients and of allochthonous microbial taxa. This study emphasizes the prediction power based on association networks analyses that are fed with long‐term measurements of microbial and environmental parameters. These interaction maps offer valuable insights into the response of marine ecosystem to climate‐ and anthropogenic‐driven stressors.
Seasonal growth potential of rare lake water bacteria suggest their disproportional contribution to carbon fluxes
Authors: Neuenschwander Stefan M. , Pernthaler Jakob , Posch Thomas , Salcher Michaela M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryWe studied the seasonal growth potential of opportunistic bacterial populations in Lake Zurich (Switzerland) by a series of grazer‐free dilution culture assays. Pronounced shifts in the composition of the bacterial assemblages were observed within one doubling of total cell numbers, from initially abundant Actinobacteria to other fast‐growing microbial lineages. Small populations with growth potentials far above community average were detected throughout the year with striking seasonal differences in their respective taxonomic affiliations. Members of Cytophaga‐Flavobacteria (CF) were disproportionally proliferating only during phytoplankton blooms in spring and summer, while Beta‐ and Gammaproteobacteria showed superior growth at all other occasions. Growth rates of Alphaproteobacteria and esp. Sphingomonadaceae were significantly correlated to water temperatures and were far above community average in summer. Within the genus Flavobacterium, two species‐like populations showed a tendency for fast growth in most experiments, while four others were exclusively proliferating either during a spring or during a summer phytoplankton bloom. Their high growth potentials but low in situ abundances hint at a tight control by bacterivorous grazers and at a consequently accelerated carbon flux to higher trophic levels.
Biodeterioration of epoxy resin: a microbial survey through culture‐independent and culture‐dependent approaches
Authors: Pangallo Domenico , Bučková Maria , Kraková Lucia , Puškárová Andrea , Šaková Nikoleta , Grivalský Tomaš , Chovanová Katarina , Zemánková Milina 
Published: June 2014

SummaryDuring the 20th century, synthetic polymers were greatly used in the field of art. In particular, the epoxy resins were used for both conservation and for creating sculptures. The biodeterioration of these polymers has not been adequately studied. The aim of this investigation was to examine the microflora responsible for the deterioration of an epoxy statue exposed to outdoor conditions. Fungal and bacterial microflora were isolated from the art object, clustered by fluorescence‐ITS (internal transcribed spacer), identified by ITS and 16S rRNA sequencing and tested for their lipolytic abilities by three agar assays. Different algal, bacterial, cyanobacterial and fungal clone libraries were constructed. The surrounding airborne microflora was analyzed using culture‐dependent and culture‐independent approaches. The results indicated the presence, on the statue surface, of an interesting and differentiate microbial community composed of rock‐inhabiting members, algal photobionts (Trebouxia spp., Chloroidium ellipsoideum and Chlorella angustoellipsoidea), Cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbya sp., Phormidium sp., Cylindrospermum stagnale, Hassallia byssoidea and Geitlerinema sp.), black yeasts related to the species Friedmanniomyces endolithicus, Pseudotaeniolina globosa, Phaeococcomyces catenatus and Catenulostroma germanicum and several plant‐associated fungi. This investigation provides new information on the potential microfloral inhabitants of epoxy resin discovering a new ecological niche, occupied mainly by several members of rock‐colonizing microbial species.
Microbial lipids reveal carbon assimilation patterns on hydrothermal sulfide chimneys
Authors: Reeves Eoghan P. , Yoshinaga Marcos Y. , Pjevac Petra , Goldenstein Nadine I. , Peplies Jörg , Meyerdierks Anke , Amann Rudolf , Bach Wolfgang , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe 
Published: June 2014

SummarySulfide ‘chimneys’ characteristic of seafloor hydrothermal venting are diverse microbial habitats. 13C/12C ratios of microbial lipids have rarely been used to assess carbon assimilation pathways on these structures, despite complementing gene‐ and culture‐based approaches. Here, we integrate analyses of the diversity of intact polar lipids (IPL) and their side‐chain δ13C values (δ13Clipid) with 16S rRNA gene‐based phylogeny to examine microbial carbon flow on active and inactive sulfide structures from the Manus Basin. Surficial crusts of active structures, dominated by Epsilonproteobacteria, yield bacterial δ13Clipid values higher than biomass δ13C (total organic carbon), implicating autotrophy via the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our data also suggest δ13Clipid values vary on individual active structures without accompanying microbial diversity changes. Temperature and/or dissolved substrate effects – likely relating to variable advective–diffusive fluxes to chimney exteriors – may be responsible for differing 13C fractionation during assimilation. In an inactive structure, δ13Clipid values lower than biomass δ13C and a distinctive IPL and 16S rRNA gene diversity suggest a shift to a more diverse community and an alternate carbon assimilation pathway after venting ceases. We discuss here the potential of IPL and δ13Clipid analyses to elucidate carbon flow in hydrothermal structures when combined with other molecular tools.
Intubation conditions in young infants after propofol and remifentanil induction with and without low‐dose rocuronium
Authors: GELBERG J. , KONGSTAD L. , WERNER O. 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundBolus injections of intravenous propofol and remifentanil can be used in the tracheal intubation of infants and children, but relatively large doses are needed. We hypothesised that addition of a small bolus of rocuronium would ensure good intubation conditions when modest propofol and remifentanil doses were used.MethodsSeventy infants between 3 weeks and 4 months of age were randomised to receive either placebo or rocuronium. Anaesthesia was induced with IV propofol, 3 (3–5) mg/kg [median (range)]. Rocuronium (0.2 mg/kg) or placebo was then injected, followed 15 s later by 2 μg/kg remifentanil. One anaesthetist attempted tracheal intubation 1 min after the rocuronium/placebo injection and used the ‘Copenhagen scoring system’ to assess intubation conditions. The neuromuscular effect of 0.2 mg/kg rocuronium was recorded in another eight, already intubated, infants using thumb accelerometry during train‐of‐four stimulation of the ulnar nerve.ResultsIntubation conditions were classified as ‘poor’ in 14 of 34 (41%) patients given placebo and in 10 of 36 (28%) patients given rocuronium (P = 0.32). There were four failed first attempts at intubation in the placebo group and none in the rocuronium group (P = 0.051). Maximum neuromuscular depression occurred 4 (3–8) after injection of 0.2 mg/kg rocuronium.ConclusionsIntubation conditions were poor in almost one third of the patients receiving propofol‐remifentanil. Adding a low‐dose rocuronium did not significantly improve intubation conditions.
Addiction Research Centres and the Nurturing of Creativity
Authors: Bühringer Gerhard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the history and current structure of the Institut für Therapieforschung (IFT) [Institute for Therapy Research] in Munich, as well as major research topics and factors which might contribute to a creative structure and atmosphere for innovative research in the addiction field. The institute was founded in 1973 as a non‐profit non‐governmental organization (NGO) with a focus on applied research. Starting with behaviour therapy‐based development and evaluation of programmes for alcohol, illicit drugs and smoking and the evaluation of treatment services, the institute gradually expanded its topics, covering prevention (1985) and epidemiology and policy evaluation (1990), and participated throughout this period in the development of guidelines and screening, diagnostic and clinical instruments. Later, the IFT tried to bridge the gap between basic sciences, applied research, health‐care services and health policy, with a network of national and international contacts, including its own university engagements and collaborations with foreign research groups and national and European Union (EU) agencies. Possible creativity‐promoting factors on the institutional and individual levels are discussed, e.g. the collaboration of experienced senior researchers with carefully selected innovative doctoral students, considerable in‐house and external training of young researchers and the early participation and presentation of their work at international conferences, independence from stakeholders in the field and the refusal of project funds which require external clearance of publications.
Defining distal femoral anatomy for rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty: a magnetic resonance imaging‐based study
Authors: Amaranath Jeevaka E. , Moopanar Terence R. , Sorial Rami M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe rotational alignment of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is regarded as being one of the critical factors associated with its long‐term success. Traditionally, the femoral component is aligned parallel to the transepicondylar axis (TEA), perpendicular to the Whiteside's line (WL) or at 3 degrees external rotation to the posterior condylar line (PCL). The aim of this study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the relationship between these anatomical axes used for femoral component rotation (TEA to WL and PCL to TEA) and identify if any of these relationships were influenced by age, sex or coronal axial deformity (mechanical axis).MethodsTwo hundred and sixty‐five patients undergoing preoperative MRI for patient‐specific jigs TKA were included in our study. The MRI data were then analysed via preoperative planning software, and values relating to WL, TEA, PCL and coronal axial alignment were generated.ResultsThe mean age was 66.0 ± 8.7 years. There were 102 men and 163 women. The average mechanical axis (coronal deformity) was 4.2 ± 6.1 degrees of varus. TEA compared with WL was on average 92.6 ± 2.3 degrees. PCL was on average 2.3 ± 1.8 degrees internally rotated to the TEA. The PCL was more internally rotated in women (P < 0.01) and valgus (P < 0.001) knees. There was no significant relationship between age or varus knees when comparing TEA to WL (P > 0.1) and PCL to TEA (P > 0.1).ConclusionsOur study shows that the previously assumed values for rotational alignment of the femoral component may need to be reviewed. The use of advanced preoperative imaging (e.g. MRI) may aid to overcome this variability and assist surgeons in planning femoral component alignment in TKA.
Socio‐economic disadvantage and demographics as factors in stage of colorectal cancer presentation and survival
Authors: Barclay Karen L. , Goh Paul‐Jon , Jackson Terri J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is common, and early diagnosis improves outcome. Overseas studies have suggested that low socio‐economic status (SES) is related to advanced cancer stage at presentation and reduced survival. The situation in Australia is unclear. This study examines the effect of demographic and SES on CRC stage at presentation and survival in a single tertiary centre.MethodsPatients undergoing surgical resection for CRC (1 January 2005 to 31 December 2010) were identified, and socio‐demographic and histopathological information obtained. Four socio‐economic indices using 2006 Australian Census data were assigned by residential postcode. Factors contributing to tumour (T) and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage at presentation and survival were assessed.ResultsFive hundred and fifty‐seven patients were included. Results did not support a relationship between SES and either advanced stage at presentation or survival. Only one index (economic resources) was related to a more advanced T stage at presentation (P = 0.011); none were related to AJCC stage or survival. No significant relationship was found between an individual's country of birth, language spoken, private insurance or employment status and presenting with a later T or AJCC stage. Age, AJCC and T stage at diagnosis and emergency presentation significantly affected survival on multivariate analysis.ConclusionSES and most demographic factors did not appear to significantly influence CRC stage at presentation and outcome. A focus on obtaining equivalent access to health care both nationally and internationally could prove beneficial in improving outcomes for CRC.
The Queer Afterlife of the Postcolonial City: (Trans)gender Performance and the War of Beautification
Authors: Benedicto Bobby 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper examines how queer practices of transformation enable the preservation and perversion of the logics, aspirations, and violences that animated Imelda Marcos's “war of urban beautification”. It traces conceptual overlaps between the notions of truth and beauty that underpinned Imelda's faith in architectural modernism and which operate in the sex/gender tradition of kabaklaan. Using the case study of the Manila Film Center, a formerly abandoned and famously haunted Marcos‐era building that has been transformed into the host site of a “transgender” revue, the paper demonstrates how queerness, necropower, architecture, and dreams of urban and global modernity come together through the spatial effects of authoritarian power.
Caesarean delivery is associated with childhood general obesity but not abdominal obesity in Iranian elementary school children
Authors: Salehi‐Abargouei Amin , Shiranian Afshin , Ehsani Simin , Surkan Pamela J. , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimThis study examined the association between Caesarean delivery and general and abdominal obesity among children.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 635 children aged from 6 to 12 years of age (476 girls and 159 boys) were randomly selected from Isfahan elementary schools. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. General obesity and abdominal obesity were defined based on World Health Organization growth charts and Iranian national cut‐off points, respectively. Parents were asked about delivery type and other factors potentially related to childhood obesity using a self‐administered questionnaire. The association between delivery type and obesity was examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsThe overall prevalence of general and central obesity was 17.6% and 17.1%, respectively, and Caesarean delivery was significantly associated with general obesity after controlling for potential confounders (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.30–4.63, p = 0.005). We observed a significant association between Caesarean delivery and abdominal obesity in crude analyses (OR: 1.66; 1.02–2.69, p = 0.04), but this disappeared after adjusting for covariates (OR: 1.96; 0.82–4.69, p = 0.13).ConclusionOur results suggest that Caesarean delivery is adversely associated with general childhood obesity, but not abdominal obesity. This provides support for recommending vaginal births, unless contraindicated. Further research in large populations is required to confirm these findings.