bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Upconversion Luminescence Lifetimes of KYb2F7:Ho3+ Nanocrystals for Optical Multiplexing
Authors: Ding Mingye , Chen Daqin , Ma Danyang , Liu Peng , Song Kaixin , Lu Hongwei , Ji Zhenguo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConventional luminescent color coding is limited by spectral overlap and the interference of background fluorescence, thus restricting the number of distinguishable identities that can be used in practice. Here, we demonstrate the possibility of generating diverse time‐domain codes, specially designed for a single emission band, using lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanocrystals. Based on the knowledge of concentration quenching, the upconversion luminescence kinetics of KYb2F7: Ho3+ nanocrystals can be precisely controlled by modifying the dopant concentration of Ho3+ ions, resulting in a tunable emission lifetime from 75.8 to 1944.5 μs, which suggests the practicality of these time‐domain codes for optical multiplexing.
DIAGNOdent Pen versus tactile sense for detection of subgingival calculus: an in vitro study
Authors: Shakibaie Fardad , Walsh Laurence J 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study is to compare the performance of the DIAGNOdent laser fluorescence (LF) Pen to conventional periodontal probing for detection of subgingival calculus under defined laboratory conditions. Extracted teeth with various levels of subgingival deposits of calculus were mounted anatomically in stone casts, and an impression material was used to replicate periodontal soft tissues. The casts were examined for the presence of subgingival calculus at eight surfaces per tooth (240 sites) using LF and a periodontal probe. Sites were rescored after 1 and 3 weeks. Direct imaging of the root surfaces under magnification was the gold standard. As a result, for an experienced operator, LF was more accurate than tactile assessment (across all sites, 84.0% vs. 59.8%). The performance difference was greater for multi‐rooted teeth (85.8% vs. 56.9%) than single‐rooted teeth (77.2% vs. 66.7%). The performance of LF in this laboratory trial was influenced strongly by clinician skill and experience. When used by an experienced operator, LF was more sensitive (75.1% vs. 69.2%), specific (92.6% vs. 86.3%), and accurate (84% vs. 77.9%) than for an inexperienced operator. In conclusion, under the defined laboratory conditions used, LF had better performance than tactile examination, particularly for multi‐rooted teeth. This method may have value clinically as an adjunct for detecting subgingival deposits of calculus in clinical practice. The usefulness of the method improves with operator experience.
Multi‐scroll chaotic attractors from a generalized time‐delay sampled‐data system
Authors: Yeniçeri Ramazan , Yalçın Müştak E. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the first generalization for time‐delay sampled‐data chaotic system in order to generate multi‐scroll attractor is introduced with its circuit implementation. An efficient delay‐line with binary priority encoding, parallel shifting, and binary decoding is also suggested and implemented to overcome the delay line realization drawback in such systems. The proposed system enhances the complexity of chaotic behavior by means of multi‐scroll feature and exemplifies the simplification of chaotic systems for better realizations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative investigations of DWDM transmission system with PMD for different orthogonally modulated signals at 80 Gb/s
Authors: Bhatia Richa , Sharma Ajay Kumar , Saxena Jyoti 
Published: October 2015

SummaryPolarization mode dispersion (PMD) has become one of the major limiting factors for high‐bit‐rate optical transmission systems. This paper evaluates the performance of dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) system with PMD at 80 Gb/s in the presence of Kerr‐nonlinear effects. Orthogonally modulated signals have been investigated and compared for tolerance against PMD in a DWDM transmission system with direct detection receivers. The optimized combinations of orthogonal polarization (OP) with carrier‐suppressed return‐to‐zero (CSRZ) and CSRZ differential‐phase‐shift‐keying signals are shown to improve PMD tolerance over high bit rates and long transmission lengths. Improved performance greater than 4 dB is observed for CSRZ modulated signal with OP because of less channel cross talk and reduced power transfer between adjacent bits over different PMD values. The numerical results demonstrate that our proposed orthogonally modulated signals perform better with lesser complex direct detection receivers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elevated carbon dioxide is predicted to promote coexistence among competing species in a trait‐based model
Authors: Ali Ashehad A. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Aubier Thomas G. , Crous Kristine Y. , Reich Peter B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDifferential species responses to atmospheric CO2 concentration (Ca) could lead to quantitative changes in competition among species and community composition, with flow‐on effects for ecosystem function. However, there has been little theoretical analysis of how elevated Ca (eCa) will affect plant competition, or how composition of plant communities might change. Such theoretical analysis is needed for developing testable hypotheses to frame experimental research. Here, we investigated theoretically how plant competition might change under eCa by implementing two alternative competition theories, resource use theory and resource capture theory, in a plant carbon and nitrogen cycling model. The model makes several novel predictions for the impact of eCa on plant community composition. Using resource use theory, the model predicts that eCa is unlikely to change species dominance in competition, but is likely to increase coexistence among species. Using resource capture theory, the model predicts that eCa may increase community evenness. Collectively, both theories suggest that eCa will favor coexistence and hence that species diversity should increase with eCa. Our theoretical analysis leads to a novel hypothesis for the impact of eCa on plant community composition. This hypothesis has potential to help guide the design and interpretation of eCa experiments.
Effect of Yangtze River on population genetic structure of the relict plantParrotia subaequalisin eastern China
Authors: Geng Qifang , Yao Zhigang , Yang Jie , He Jia , Wang Danbi , Wang Zhongsheng , Liu Hong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractParrotia subaequalis(Hamamelidaceae) is a Tertiary relic species endemic in eastern China. We used inter‐simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers to access genetic diversity and population genetic structure in natural five populations ofP. subaequalis. The levels of genetic diversity were higher at species level (H = 0.2031) but lower at population level (H = 0.1096). The higher genetic diversity at species levels might be attributed to the accumulation of distinctive genotypes which adapted to the different habitats after Quaternary glaciations. Meanwhile, founder effects on the early stage, and subsequent bottleneck of population regeneration due to its biological characteristics, environmental features, and human activities, seemed to explain the low population levels of genetic diversity. The hierarchicalAMOVArevealed high levels (42.60%) of among‐population genetic differentiation, which was in congruence with the high levels of Nei's genetic differentiation index (GST = 0.4629) and limited gene flow (Nm = 0.5801) among the studied populations. Mantel test showed a significant isolation‐by‐distance, indicating that geographic isolation has a significant effect on genetic structure in this species. Unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic average clustering,PCoA, and Bayesian analyses uniformly recovered groups that matched the geographical distribution of this species. In particular, our results suggest that Yangtze River has served as a natural barrier to gene flow between populations occurred on both riversides. Concerning the management ofP. subaequalis, the high genetic differentiation among populations indicates that preserving all five natural populations in situ and collecting enough individuals from these populations for ex situ conservation are necessary.
Mechanism Involving Hydrogen Sulfite Ions, Chlorite Ions, and Hypochlorous Acid as Key Intermediates of the Autocatalytic Chlorine Dioxide–Thiourea Dioxide Reaction
Authors: Hu Ying , Horváth Attila K. , Duan Sasa , Csekő György , Makarov Sergei V. , Gao Qingyu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe kinetics of the chlorine dioxide–thiourea dioxide reaction was investigated by monitoring absorbance–time profiles at λ = 360 nm. Under acidic conditions, the primary carbon‐containing product is cyanamide, not urea as considered previously for many oxidation reactions of thiourea dioxide. Increase of the rate of the reaction by an increase of pH can be readily explained by the slow pH‐dependent formation of a more reactive form of thiourea dioxide (TDO) that is produced steadily and unavoidably as the stock TDO solution ages. We have also found that the absorbance–time profiles of the chlorine dioxide–TDO reaction are sigmoidal with excess TDO. The addition of methionine as a hypochlorous acid scavenging agent inhibits the reaction significantly, whereas the addition of chlorite ions and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfite ions accelerates the decay of chlorine dioxide. On the basis of these experiments, a sixteen‐step kinetic model involving hypochlorous acid, chlorite ions, and hydrogen sulfite ions as key intermediates that provide an autocatalytic cycle is proposed to account for the overall kinetic behavior observed, including the slow rearrangement of TDO.
A Galactose Oxidase Biosensor Based on Graphene Composite Film for the Determination of Galactose and Dihydroxyacetone
Authors: Xie Jia , Chen Chao , Zhou Yuanqing , Fei Junjie , Ding Yonglan , Zhao Jia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel amperometric biosensor was developed by immobilizing galactose oxidase (GAox) on poly (L‐lactide) stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au@PLLA) modified graphene nano‐composite film (RGO‐Au@PLLA/GAox). The direct electron transfer (DET) of GAox was achieved. Cyclic voltammetry of the GAox in the RGO‐Au@PLLA film revealed a pair of well‐defined and quasireversible peaks at about −0.137 V (vs. SCE), which is characterized of the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple for the galactose oxidase. Amperometric response was measured as a function for the determination of galactose (GA) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA). The constructed biosensor also possesses good stability, reproducibility and anti‐interference ability.
Proteomic responses of human intestinal Caco‐2 cells exposed to silver nanoparticles and ionic silver
Authors: Oberemm Axel , Hansen Ulf , Böhmert Linda , Meckert Christine , Braeuning Albert , Thünemann Andreas F. , Lampen Alfonso 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEven although quite a number of studies have been performed so far to demonstrate nanoparticle‐specific effects of substances in living systems, clear evidence of these effects is still under debate. The present study was designed as a comparative proteomic analysis of human intestinal cells exposed to a commercial silver nanoparticle reference material and ions from AgNO3. A two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis/MALDI mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic analysis was conducted after 24‐h incubation of differentiated Caco‐2 cells with non‐cytotoxic and low cytotoxic silver concentrations (2.5 and 25 µg ml−1 nanosilver, 0.5 and 5 µg ml−1 AgNO3). Out of an overall number of 316 protein spots differentially expressed at a fold change of ≥ 1.4 or ≤ −1.4 in all treatments, 169 proteins could be identified. In total, 231 spots were specifically deregulated in particle‐treated groups compared with 41 spots, which were limited to AgNO3‐treatments. Forty‐four spots (14 %) were commonly deregulated by both types of treatment. A considerable fraction of the proteins differentially expressed after treatment with nanoparticles is related to protein folding, synthesis or modification of proteins as well as cellular assembly and organization. Overlays of networks obtained for particulate and ionic treatments showed matches, indicating common mechanisms of combined particle and ionic silver exposure and exclusive ionic silver treatment. However, proteomic responses of Caco‐2 cells treated with higher concentrations of silver species also showed some differences, for example regarding proteins related to fatty acid and energy metabolism, suggesting an induction of also some different molecular mechanisms for particle exposure and ionic treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local co‐delivery of rhBMP‐2 and cathepsin K inhibitor L006235 in poly(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanospheres
Authors: Yu Nicole Y.C. , Fathi Ali , Murphy Ciara M. , Mikulec Kathy , Peacock Lauren , Cantrill Laurence C. , Dehghani Fariba , Little David G. , Schindeler Aaron 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCathepsin K inhibitors (CKIs) are an emerging class of drugs that are potent antagonists of osteoclastic activity. We speculated that they may be beneficial in bone tissue engineering, where a stress shielded environment can lead to rapid resorption of new bone. Most CKIs require frequent dosing, so to achieve a sustained release we manufactured polymer nanoparticles encapsulating the CKI L006235 (CKI/nP). CKI/nP and the collagen matrices that were used to deliver them were characterized by electron microscopy and fluorescent confocal microscopy, and data indicated that the particles were evenly distributed throughout the collagen. Elution studies indicated a linear release of the inhibitor from the CKI/nP, with approximately 2% of the drug being released per day. In an in vivo study, mice were implanted with collagen scaffolds containing rhBMP‐2 that were loaded with the CKI/nP. Measurement of bone volume (BV) by microCT showed no significant increase with CKI/nP incorporation, and other parameters similarly showed no statistical differences. Cell culture studies confirmed the activity of the drug, even at low concentrations. These data indicate that polymer nanoparticles are an effective method for sustained drug delivery of a CKI, however, this may not be readily translatable to substantively improved bone tissue engineering outcomes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 136–144, 2017.
Changes in actin and tubulin expression in osteogenic cells cultured on bioactive glass‐based surfaces
Authors: Martins Carolina Scanavez , Ferraz Emanuela Prado , Castro‐Raucci Larissa Moreira Spinola De , Teixeira Lucas Novaes , Maximiano William Marcatti Amarú , Rosa Adalberto Luiz , De Oliveira Paulo Tambasco 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study evaluated whether the changes in the labeling pattern of cytoskeletal proteins in osteogenic cells cultured on bioactive glass‐based materials are due to altered mRNA and protein levels. Primary rat‐derived osteogenic cells were plated on Bioglass® 45S5, Biosilicate®, and borosilicate (bioinert control). The following parameters were assayed: (i) qualitative epifluorescence analysis of actin and tubulin; (ii) quantitative mRNA and protein expression for actin and tubulin by real‐time PCR and ELISA, respectively, and (iii) qualitative analysis of cell morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At days 3 and 7, the cells grown on borosilicate showed typical actin and tubulin labeling patterns, whereas those on the bioactive materials showed roundish areas devoid of fluorescence signals. The cultures grown on bioactive materials showed significant changes in actin and tubulin mRNA expression that were not reflected in the corresponding protein levels. A positive correlation between the mRNA and protein as well as an association between epifluorescence imaging and quantitative data were only detected for the borosilicate. SEM imaging of the cultures on the bioactive surfaces revealed cells partly or totally coated with material aggregates, whose characteristics resembled the substrate topography. The culturing of osteogenic cells on Bioglass® 45S5 and Biosilicate® affect actin and tubulin mRNA expression but not the corresponding protein levels. Changes in the labeling pattern of these proteins should then be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of a physical barrier on the cell surface as a result of the material surface reactions, thus limiting fluorescence signals. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:1046–1053, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation, characterisation and use for antioxidant oligosaccharides of a cellulase from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) viscera
Authors: Tao Zhi‐Peng , Sun Le‐Chang , Qiu Xu‐Jian , Cai Qiu‐Feng , Liu Guang‐Ming , Su Wen‐Jin , Cao Min‐Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn China, abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) production is growing annually. During industrial processing, the viscera, which are abundant of cellulase, are usually discarded or processed into low‐value feedstuff. Thus, it is of interest to obtain cellulase from abalone viscera and investigate its application for preparation of functional oligosaccharides.RESULTSA cellulase was purified from the hepatopancreas of abalone by ammonium sulfate precipitation and two‐steps column chromatography. The molecular weight of the cellulase was 45 kDa on SDS‐PAGE. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis yielded 103 amino acid residues, which were identical to cellulases from other species of abalone. Substrate specificity analysis indicated that the cellulase is an endo‐1,4‐β‐glucanase. Hydrolysis of seaweed Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides by the enzyme produced oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation of two to four, whose monosaccharide composition was 58% galactose, 4% glucose and 38% xylose. The oligosaccharides revealed 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical as well as hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity.CONCLUSIONIt is feasible and meaningful to utilise cellulase from the viscera of abalone for preparation of functional oligosaccharides. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Endoscopic endonasal greater palatine artery cauterization at the incisive foramen for control of anterior epistaxis
Authors: Butrymowicz Anna , Weisstuch Adam , Zhao Alice , Agarwal Jay , Pinheiro‐Neto Carlos D. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo describe the anatomy of the incisive foramen and the transnasal endoscopic approach to the greater palatine artery at this foramen, and to evaluate the importance of the greater palatine artery as a cause of recurrent anterior epistaxis.Study DesignAnatomical dissection, radiographic study, and prospective case series.SettingAcademic Medical Center.MethodsSixty‐nine computed tomography scans were reviewed, and measurements were made of the incisive foramina's distance to the anterior nasal spine and subnasale. Twenty‐two cadavers had sagittal split craniotomies performed prior to the measurements. The distance from the anterior nasal spine to the incisive foramen was documented. We also present an illustrative case series of patients who underwent endoscopic cautery of the greater palatine artery at the incisive foramen.ResultsRadiographic review of the incisive foramen revealed a mean anterior nasal spine to incisive foramen distance on the right and left of 7.9 and 8.1 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the subnasale to incisive foramen on the right and left were 24.7 and 24.9 mm, respectively.ConclusionsEndoscopic cauterization of the greater palatine artery at the incisive foramen is a safe and effective method to control recurrent anterior epistaxis. The incisive foramen can be predictively found within 1 cm of the anterior nasal spine. Our case series corroborates the above.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1033–1038, 2016
Histopathological features of sinonasal inverted papillomas in chinese patients
Authors: Zhao Li , Li Chun Wei , Jin Peng , Ng Chew Lip , Lin Zhi Bin , Li Ying Ying , Li Tian Ying , Petersson Bengt Fredrik , Shi Li , Wang De Yun 
Published: October 2015

Objectives/HypothesisNasal inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor with high recurrence rates. Evidence of inflammation has been reported in IP in Caucasian studies. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological patterns and their associations with clinical characteristics in Chinese patients with IP.Study DesignBasic science study.MethodsIP tissues were obtained from 50 Chinese patients with unilateral IPs. Biopsies of inferior turbinate mucosa from 17 healthy subjects were used as controls. The histological patterns and severity of epithelial remodeling and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated and analyzed for associations with clinical characteristics.ResultsThirty‐one percent of IP specimens were classified as grade I (mild remodeling) and 49% as grade II (moderate and severe remodeling). Concomitant inflammatory nasal polyps were found in 14 patients (28%). Recurrent IP was strongly associated with grade II (odds ratio: 5.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.34‐25.18). Except CD4+ T cells, quantities of neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells, and FoxP3+ T‐reg cells were significantly elevated in IP. Of these, neutrophils were the predominant cell type in IP.ConclusionsInflammation may have potential roles in IPs and the higher grade of epithelial remodeling was associated with the recurrence of IPs.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E141–E147, 2016
Abundance and dispersal trajectories of floating Fucus vesiculosus in the Northern Baltic Sea
Authors: Rothäusler Eva , Corell Hanna , Jormalainen Veijo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFloating macroalgae play a fundamental role for the connectivity of littoral marine habitats. They can be found throughout the world's oceans but information on their abundance and dispersal abilities is scarce. This information, however, is essential to evaluate their ecological role and the potential connectivity between populations of both the algae and associated biota. Here, we survey the abundance and spatiotemporal dispersal patterns of the floating brown alga Fucus vesiculosus in the Northern Baltic Sea. By incorporating a biophysical modeling approach, based on ocean circulation and surface winds, we demonstrate potential dispersal ranges, such as floating distances and directional trajectories of F. vesiculosus at different times of their reproductive season. Abundance of floating algae varied both spatially and temporally, with the highest densities being found during reproductive seasons. Evidenced by the fact that many algae were held back and accumulated in archipelagoes, the model suggests that a combination of local oceanographic features and seascapes strongly influences the dispersal of floating algae. However, a relatively high fraction of rafts spilled to more open sea areas, causing them to travel in multiple directions (e.g., Baltic Proper, Bothnian Bay, and Gulf of Finland) that are hundreds of kilometers away from their original sources, implying long‐distance dispersal. We propose that the Northern Baltic Sea rocky littoral habitats are potentially well connected through abundant and long‐reaching floating algae, with a chance to contribute to gene flow among F. vesiculosus populations.
Synthesis of Amylose‐b‐P2VP Block Copolymers
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Woortman Albert J. J. , Loos Katja 
Published: October 2015

A new class of rod–coil block copolymers is synthesized by chemoenzymatic polymerization. In the first step, maltoheptaose, which acts as a primer for the synthesis of amylose, is attached to poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) (P2VP). The enzymatic polymerization of maltoheptaose is carried out by phosphorylase to obtain amylose‐b‐P2VP block copolymers. The block copolymer is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering techniques. The designed molecules combine the inclusion complexation ability of amylose with the supramolecular complexation ability of P2VP and therefore this kind of rod–coil block copolymers can be used to generate well‐organized novel self‐assembled structures.
image