bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Universities and Business
Authors: Sakhapov Rustem Lukmanovich , Absalyamova Svetlana Germanovna 
Published: November 2013

World economy is experiencing a global economic crisis. During such periods, the world economic structure and leader-countries are changing, new economic centers are appearing. Authors explore the causes of the global economic crisis and show changes in the present structure of world economy. Also substantiated the efficiency of using the strategy of catching up on the example of developing countries.
Today Russia has a unique chance for technological upgrading by large-scale deployment of efficient technologies already developed by the leaders. Based on global experience, the strategy to modernize the Russian economy should be combined: a strategy of leadership in the areas where Russia has the technological superiority, the strategy of catching up and borrowing in industries where there is a considerable lag. To gain this goal Russia first of all has to increase effectiveness of cooperation of the state, universities (of science and education) and business â?? the three basic factors of innovative system.
A Tie-Over Dressing Using a Silicone Tube to Graft Deep Wounds
Authors: Bektas Cem Inan , Kankaya Yuksel , Ozer Kadri , Baris Ruser , Aslan Ozlem Colak , Kocer Ugur 
Published: November 2013

Background The most common cause of skin graft failure is the collection of blood or serous fluid underneath the graft. In our study, we describe the use of silicone tube for tie-over dressing to secure the skin graft margins with the aim of decreasing loss of the skin graft, particularly in grafting of deep wounds.
Methods Between March 2008 and July 2011, we used this technique in 17 patients with skin defects with depths ranging from 3.5 to 8 mm (mean, 5.5 mm). First, the skin graft was sutured with 3/0 silk suture material from its corners. Then, a silicone round drain tube was sutured with 3/0 absorbable polyglactin 910 over the margins of the graft. Finally, long silk threads were tied over the bolus dressing, and the tie-over dressing was completed in the usual fashion.
Results The mean follow-up was 7 months (range, 2-10 months) in the outpatient clinic. Graft loss on the graft margins due to hematoma or seroma was not developed. The results of adhesion between the graft and wound bed peripherally was excellent.
Conclusions In our study, we suggest that use of a silicone tube for additional pressure on the edges of skin grafts in case of reconstruction of deep skin defects.
Role of Muscle Free Flap in the Salvage of Complicated Scalp Wounds and Infected Prosthetic Dura
Authors: Han Dae Hee , Park Myong Chul , Park Dong Ha , Song Hyunsuk , Lee Il Jae 
Published: November 2013

Background The prosthetic dura is an essential element in the protection of the cranial parenchyma and prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Although prosthetic dura are widely used in neurosurgery, they occasionally provoke infection, which can be a major concern after neurosurgical treatment. However, removal of the prosthetic dura carries a risk of brain parenchyma injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The salvage of infected prosthetic dural material has not been adequately addressed in the literature. In this study, we demonstrate the value of the combination of a meticulous surgical debridement of necrotic tissue and simultaneous muscle free flap for intractable postoperative epidural abscess without removal of the infected prosthetic dura.Methods Between 2010 and 2012, we reviewed the data of 11 patients with persistent infection on the prosthetic dura. The epidural infections each occurred after a neurosurgical procedure, and there was soft tissue necrosis with the disclosure of the underlying prosthetic dura and dead bone around the scalp wound. To salvage the infected prosthetic dura, meticulous debridement and a muscle free flap were performed.Results All 11 patients experienced complete recovery from the complicated wound problem without the need for further surgical intervention. No signs of prosthetic dural infection were observed during the mean follow-up period of 11 months.Conclusions The combination of a meticulous surgical debridement and coverage with a muscle free flap is an effective treatment for salvage of infected prosthetic dura.
Reconstruction of the Medial Canthus Using an Ipsilateral Paramedian Forehead Flap
Authors: Kim Jin Hyung , Kim Jeong Min , Park Jang Wan , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: November 2013

Background The medial canthus is an important area in determining the impression of a person's facial appearance. It is composed of various structures, including canthal tendons, lacrimal canaliculi, conjunctiva, the tarsal plate, and skin tissues. Due to its complexity, medial canthal defect reconstruction has been a challenging procedure to perform. The contralateral paramedian forehead flap is usually used for large defects; however, the bulkiness of the glabella and splitting at the distal end of the flap are factors that can reduce the rate of flap survival. We reconstructed medial canthal defects using ipsilateral paramedian forehead flaps, minimizing glabellar bulkiness.
Methods This study included 10 patients who underwent medial canthal reconstruction using ipsilateral paramedian forehead flaps between 2010 and 2012. To avoid an acute curve of the pedicle, which can cause venous congestion, we attempted to make the arc of the pedicle rounder. Additionally, the pedicle was skeletonized from the nasal root to the glabella to reduce the bulkiness.
Results All patients had basal cell carcinoma, and 3 of them had recurrent basal cell carcinoma. All of the flaps were successful without total or partial flap loss. Two patients developed venous congestion of the flap, which was healed using medicinal leeches. Four patients developed epiphora, and 2 patients developed telecanthus.
Conclusions Large defects of the medial canthus can be successfully reconstructed using ipsilateral paramedian forehead flaps. In addition, any accompanying venous congestion can be healed using medicinal leeches.
Correction of Problematic Hypospadias with Dartos Fascia-Reinforced Flap and Slanted Incision of Fistula
Authors: Choi Dong Sik , Lee Jeong Woo , Yang Jung Dug , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Byun Jin Suk , Choi Kang Young 
Published: November 2013

Background Hypospadias is the most common congenital malformation of the male urinary tract, wherein the urethral opening is located proximal to the normal site. Tubularized incised-plate urethroplasty reconstruction, and its efficacy, remains controversial due to the high recurrence rate. This study aimed to evaluate the results of dartos fascia-reinforced flap surgery in hypospadias patients with previous operative complications.
Methods Nine patients (mean age, 12 years) who had previous one- or two-stage repair with TIP urethroplasty and suffered from urethrocutaneous fistulas or fissures as complications, underwent dartos fascia-reinforced flap surgery in our clinic between January 2010 and December 2012. The mean postoperative follow-up period was 6 months.
Results Among the 9 patients, 7 had complete correction. In all the patients, the maximum uroflow angle was >45°. No patient complained of an unnatural urinating position. The patients and parents gave very high satisfaction scores (4.7 points) with regard to the appearance of the outer genitalia.
Conclusion The dartos fascia-reinforced flap could be a useful and reliable option for complications of hypospadias repair or fissure with the prepuce preserved, given that histological aspects vary and that the possibility of recurrence in the glanular region is high.
Technical Note: Guidelines for the digital computation of 2D and 3D enamel thickness in hominoid teeth
Authors: Benazzi Stefano , Panetta Daniele , Fornai Cinzia , Toussaint Michel , Gruppioni Giorgio , Hublin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe study of enamel thickness has received considerable attention in regard to the taxonomic, phylogenetic and dietary assessment of human and non‐human primates. Recent developments based on two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) digital techniques have facilitated accurate analyses, preserving the original object from invasive procedures. Various digital protocols have been proposed. These include several procedures based on manual handling of the virtual models and technical shortcomings, which prevent other scholars from confidently reproducing the entire digital protocol. There is a compelling need for standard, reproducible, and well‐tailored protocols for the digital analysis of 2D and 3D dental enamel thickness. In this contribution we provide essential guidelines for the digital computation of 2D and 3D enamel thickness in hominoid molars, premolars, canines and incisors. We modify previous techniques suggested for 2D analysis and we develop a new approach for 3D analysis that can also be applied to premolars and anterior teeth. For each tooth class, the cervical line should be considered as the fundamental morphological feature both to isolate the crown from the root (for 3D analysis) and to define the direction of the cross‐sections (for 2D analysis). Am J Phys Anthropol 153:305–313, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stable isotope analyses reveal dense trophic species packing and clear niche differentiation in a malagasy primate community
Authors: Dammhahn Melanie , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the mechanisms maintaining local species richness is a major topic in tropical ecology. In ecological communities of Madagascar, primates represent a major part of mammalian diversity and, thus, are a suitable taxon to study these mechanisms. Previous research suggested that ecological niche differentiation facilitates the coexistence of lemurs. However, detailed data on all species making up diverse local primate assemblages is rarely available, hampering community‐wide tests of niche differentiation among Malagasy mammals. Here, we took an indirect approach and used stable isotopes as long‐term indicators of individuals' diets to answer the question of whether trophic patterns and food‐related mechanisms stabilize coexistence in a species‐rich lemur community. We analyzed stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hair collected from eight syntopic lemurs in Kirindy Forest. We found that lemur species were well separated into trophic niches and ranged over two trophic levels. Furthermore, species were densely packed in isotopic space suggesting that past competitive interactions between species are a major structuring force of this dry forest lemur community. Results of other comparative studies on primates and our findings underline that—in contrast to communities worldwide—the structure and composition of lemur communities follow predictions of ecological niche theory. Patterns of competitive interactions might be more clearly revealed in Malagasy primate communities than elsewhere because lemurs represent a large fraction of ecologically interacting species in these communities. The pronounced trophic niche differentiation among lemurs is most likely due to intense competition in the past as is characteristic for adaptive radiations. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:249–259, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional implications of squamosal suture size in paranthropus boisei
Authors: Dzialo Christine , Wood Sarah A. , Berthaume Michael , Smith Amanda , Dumont Elizabeth R. , Benazzi Stefano , Weber Gerhard W. , Strait David S. , Grosse Ian R. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been hypothesized that the extensively overlapping temporal and parietal bones of the squamosal sutures in Paranthropus boisei are adaptations for withstanding loads associated with feeding. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to investigate the biomechanical effects of suture size (i.e., the area of overlap between the temporal and parietal bones) on stress, strain energy, and strain ratio in the squamosal sutures of Pan troglodytes and P. boisei (specimen OH 5) during biting. Finite element models (FEMs) of OH 5 and a P. troglodytes cranium were constructed from CT scans. These models contain sutures that approximate the actual suture sizes preserved in both crania. The FEM of Pan was then modified to create two additional FEMs with squamosal sutures that are 50% smaller and 25% larger than those in the original model. Comparisons among the models test the effect of suture size on the structural integrity of the squamosal suture as the temporal squama and parietal bone move relative to each other during simulated premolar biting. Results indicate that with increasing suture size there is a decreased risk of suture failure, and that maximum stress values in the OH 5 suture were favorable compared to values in the Pan model with the normal suture size. Strain ratios suggest that shear is an important strain regime in the squamosal suture. This study is consistent with the hypothesis that larger sutures help reduce the likelihood of suture failure under high biting loads. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:260–268, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are nicotinic acetylcholine receptors coupled to G proteins?
Authors: Kabbani Nadine , Nordman Jacob C. , Corgiat Brian A. , Veltri Daniel P. , Shehu Amarda , Seymour Victoria A. , Adams David J. 
Published: November 2013

It was, until recently, accepted that the two classes of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are distinct in an important sense: muscarinic ACh receptors signal via heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins (G proteins), whereas nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) open to allow flux of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ ions into the cell after activation. Here we present evidence of direct coupling between G proteins and nAChRs in neurons. Based on proteomic, biophysical, and functional evidence, we hypothesize that binding to G proteins modulates the activity and signaling of nAChRs in cells. It is important to note that while this hypothesis is new for the nAChR, it is consistent with known interactions between G proteins and structurally related ligand‐gated ion channels. Therefore, it underscores an evolutionarily conserved metabotropic mechanism of G protein signaling via nAChR channels.Also watch the Video Abstract.
Volatile Terpenes from Actinomycetes: A Biosynthetic Study Correlating Chemical Analyses to Genome Data
Authors: Rabe Patrick , Citron Christian A. , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe volatile terpenes of 24 actinomycetes whose genomes have been sequenced (or are currently being sequenced) were collected by use of a closed‐loop stripping apparatus and identified by GC/MS. The analytical data were compared against a phylogenetic analysis of all 192 currently available sequences of bacterial terpene cyclases (excluding geosmin and 2‐methylisoborneol synthases). In addition to the several groups of terpenes with known biosynthetic origin, selinadienes were identified as a large group of biosynthetically related sesquiterpenes that are produced by several streptomycetes. The detection of a large number of previously unrecognised side products of known terpene cyclases proved to be particularly important for an in depth understanding of biosynthetic pathways to known terpenes in actinomycetes. Interpretation of the chemical analytical data in the context of the phylogenetic tree of bacterial terpene cyclases pointed to the function of three new enzymes: (E)‐β‐caryophyllene synthase, selina‐3,7(11)‐diene synthase and aristolochene synthase.
Differential Effects of Personality Traits and Environmental Predictors on Reproductive and Creative Imagination
Authors: Liang Chaoyun , Chang Chi‐Cheng , Hsu Yuling 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to analyze the effects of both personality and environmental variables on the imagination of video/film major university students; and (2) to test the mediator effect resulting from the variable of social climate. The results of this study supported both indicators of imaginative capabilities and environmental influences. The hypothesis of the study—that the variable of social climate mediates the effects of personality/environmental predictors and both types of imagination—was partially supported. The structural model also showed that most personality traits have direct effects on imagination, whereas most environmental predictors have indirect effects. Practical applications of this study were suggested, future inquiries were discussed, and limitations were acknowledged.
Synthesis and thermal, mechanical, and optical properties of A–B–A or A–B block copolymers containing poly(norbornene‐co‐1‐octene)
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Suenaga Takuya , Cai Zhengguo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA–B–A block copolymers which consist of poly(norbornene‐co‐1‐octene) and atactic polypropylene (PP) segments were synthesized by using ansa‐fluorenylamidotitanium complex as a catalyst varying the ratio of norbornene, 1‐octene, and propylene. The copolymer was obtained quantitatively with high molecular weight (>100,000) and narrow molecular weight distribution (polydispersity index, <1.5). A–B block copolymers of poly(norbornene‐co‐1‐octene) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was also obtained by the same procedure. Mechanical and optical properties of these copolymer films, which were obtained by solution casting process, were also investigated. Introduction of PP soft segment greatly improved mechanical properties, keeping their high transparency. Introduction of PMMA block also increased the tensile strength. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 267–271
Brief observe on iron silicide growth on amorphous silicon
Authors: Gouralnik A. S. , Lin Ko‐Wei , Dotsenko S. A. , Galkin N. G. , Plotnikov V. S. , Pustovalov E. V. , Cherednichenko A. I. , Vavanova S. V. , Shevlyagin A. V. , Gutakovski A. K. , Neklyudova M. A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBrief observe of the specific features of metal silicide growth on amorphous silicon surface by UHV deposition is given. Some SMOKE and XPS results on magnetism and phase content in the Fe/a‐Si system are presented as illustration. Attention is paid to the internal stresses caused by volumetric effects. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Investigations of POF3
Authors: Feller Michael , Lux Karin , Kornath Andreas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPhosphoryl fluoride was characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The X‐ray structure was obtained by in‐situ crystallization. Phosphoryl fluoride crystallizes in the trigonal space group P$\bar{3}$m1 with two formula units in the unit cell. In the crystal structure zigzag chains are observed which are formed by intermolecular P–O contacts. The Raman spectra of neat and matrix isolated POF3 display an extra line, which indicates intermolecular interaction in the solid state. Therefore quantum chemically calculation of a POF3 oligomer was performed. The theoretical calculation indicates that the extra Raman line is caused by side splitting of the P–O valence vibration.
Trayless cafeterias lead diners to take less salad and relatively more dessert
Authors: Wansink Brian , Just David R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveMany colleges are removing trays from their dining facilities in hope of reducing waste. How does not having a tray impact food choice?DesignA field study was conducted in a university cafeteria (n 417) on two evenings with identical menus, one with tray service and one without.SettingA dining hall of a large north-eastern university, USA.SubjectsUndergraduate students.ResultsTrayless dining decreased the percentage of diners (average age 19·1 years) who took salad by 65·2 % but did not decrease the percentage who took dessert, leading to a markedly higher ratio of dessert to salad.ConclusionsCafeterias going trayless should consider complementary policies to encourage balanced diets.
Defining the expression hierarchy of latent T-cell epitopes in Epstein-Barr virus infection with TCR-like antibodies
Authors: Sim Adrian Chong Nyi , Too Chien Tei , Oo Min Zin , Lai Junyun , Eio Michelle Yating , Song Zhenying , Srinivasan Nalini , Tan Diane Ai Lin , Pang Shyue Wei , Gan Shu Uin , Lee Kok Onn , Loh Thomas Kwok Seng , Chen Jianzhu , Chan Soh Ha , MacAry Paul Anthony 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpesvirus that causes a life-long latent infection in human hosts. The latent gene products LMP1, LMP2A and EBNA1 are expressed by EBV-associated tumors and peptide epitopes derived from these can be targeted by CD8 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte (CTL) lines. Whilst CTL-based methodologies can be utilized to infer the presence of specific latent epitopes, they do not allow a direct visualization or quantitation of these epitopes. Here, we describe the characterization of three TCR-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the latent epitopes LMP1125–133, LMP2A426–434 or EBNA1562–570 in association with HLA-A0201. These are employed to map the expression hierarchy of endogenously generated EBV epitopes. The dominance of EBNA1562–570 in association with HLA-A0201 was consistently observed in cell lines and EBV-associated tumor biopsies. These data highlight the discordance between MHC-epitope density and frequencies of associated CTL with implications for cell-based immunotherapies and/or vaccines for EBV-associated disease.
Efficiency of U.S. Dialysis Centers: An Updated Examination of Facility Characteristics That Influence Production of Dialysis Treatments
Authors: Shreay Sanatan , Ma Martin , McCluskey Jill , Mittelhammer Ron C. , Gitlin Matthew , Stephens J. Mark 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the relative efficiency of dialysis facilities in the United States and identify factors that are associated with efficiency in the production of dialysis treatments.Data Sources/Study SettingMedicare cost report data from 4,343 free‐standing dialysis facilities in the United States that offered in‐center hemodialysis in 2010.Study DesignA cross‐sectional, facility‐level retrospective database analysis, utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate facility efficiency.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsTreatment data and cost and labor inputs of dialysis treatments were obtained from 2010 Medicare Renal Cost Reports. Demographic data were obtained from the 2010 U.S. Census.Principal FindingsOnly 26.6 percent of facilities were technically efficient. Neither the intensity of market competition nor the profit status of the facility had a significant effect on efficiency. Facilities that were members of large chains were less likely to be efficient. Cost and labor savings due to changes in drug protocols had little effect on overall dialysis center efficiency.ConclusionsThe majority of free‐standing dialysis facilities in the United States were functioning in a technically inefficient manner. As payment systems increasingly employ capitation and bundling provisions, these institutions will need to evaluate their efficiency to remain competitive.