bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale in rural Lebanon
Authors: Naja Farah , Hwalla Nahla , Fossian Talar , Zebian Dina , Nasreddine Lara 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) in rural Lebanon.DesignA cross-sectional study on a sample of households with at least one child aged 0–2 years. In a one-to-one interview, participants completed an adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS. In order to evaluate the validity of the HFIAS, basic sociodemographic information, anthropometric measurements of the mother and child, and dietary intake data of the child were obtained. In order to examine reproducibility, the HFIAS was re-administered after 3 months.SettingRural Lebanon.SubjectsMother and child pairs (n 150).ResultsFactor analysis of HFIAS items revealed two factors: ‘insufficient food quality’ and ‘insufficient food quantity’. Using Pearson's correlation, food insecurity was inversely associated with mother's and father's education levels, number of cars and electrical appliances in the household, income, weight-for-age and length-for-age of the child and the child's dietary adequacy. In contrast, mother's BMI and crowding index were positively associated with food insecurity scores (P < 0·05 for all correlations). Cronbach's α of the scale was 0·91. A moderate correlation was observed between the two administrations of the questionnaire (intra-class correlation = 0·58; P < 0·05).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that the adapted Arabic version of the HFIAS is a valid and reliable tool to assess food insecurity in rural Lebanon, lending further evidence to the utility of the HFIAS in assessing food insecurity in culturally diverse populations.
Critical behavior of a water monolayer under hydrophobic confinement
Authors: Bianco Valentino , Franzese Giancarlo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe properties of water can have a strong dependence on the confinement. Here, we consider a water monolayer nanoconfined between hydrophobic parallel walls under conditions that prevent its crystallization. We investigate, by simulations of a many-body coarse-grained water model, how the properties of the liquid are affected by the confinement. We show, by studying the response functions and the correlation length and by performing finite-size scaling of the appropriate order parameter, that at low temperature the monolayer undergoes a liquid-liquid phase transition ending in a critical point in the universality class of the two-dimensional (2D) Ising model. Surprisingly, by reducing the linear size L of the walls, keeping the walls separation h constant, we find a 2D-3D crossover for the universality class of the liquid-liquid critical point for "Equation missing", i.e. for a monolayer thickness that is small compared to its extension. This result is drastically different from what is reported for simple liquids, where the crossover occurs for "Equation missing" and is consistent with experimental results and atomistic simulations. We shed light on these findings showing that they are a consequence of the strong cooperativity and the low coordination number of the hydrogen bond network that characterizes water.
Towards a mathematical theory of meaningful communication
Authors: Corominas-Murtra Bernat , Fortuny Jordi , Solé Ricard V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMeaning has been left outside most theoretical approaches to information in biology. Functional responses based on an appropriate interpretation of signals have been replaced by a probabilistic description of correlations between emitted and received symbols. This assumption leads to potential paradoxes, such as the presence of a maximum information associated to a channel that creates completely wrong interpretations of the signals. Game-theoretic models of language evolution and other studies considering embodied communicating agents show that the correct (meaningful) match resulting from agent-agent exchanges is always achieved and natural systems obviously solve the problem correctly. Inspired by the concept ofduality of the communicative signstated by the swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, here we present a complete description of the minimal system necessary to measure the amount of information that is consistently decoded. Several consequences of our developments are investigated, such as the uselessness of a certain amount of information properly transmitted for communication among autonomous agents.
Biologically-active laminin-111 fragment that modulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Horejs Christine-Maria , Serio Andrea , Purvis Alan , Gormley Adam J. , Bertazzo Sergio , Poliniewicz Anna , Wang Alex J. , DiMaggio Peter , Hohenester Erhard , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: April 2014

Significance
Laminin-111 is one of the first extracellular matrix proteins expressed during embryogenesis and has been studied for decades, mainly because of its major role in assembling the basement membrane, but also because it has now become one of the most popular cell culture substrates for embryonic stem cells. However, considering the importance of this protein, the role laminin-111 plays during matrix remodeling—which is not only of great interest when seeking to understand cell–matrix interactions, but also when using laminin as a substrate for tissue engineering—is still unclear. Our findings propose a previously unidentified role of laminin-111 that goes beyond basement membrane assembly and an important involvement in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
Breastfeeding and Methadone Therapy: The Maternal Experience
Authors: Demirci Jill R. , Bogen Debra L. , Klionsky Yael 
Published: April 2014

Background Despite evidence of low transfer of methadone into breast milk and the potential physical and psychological benefits that breastfeeding offers for methadone-exposed mothers and infants, the rate of breastfeeding initiation in this population is about half that reported nationally. This study describes the perceptions surrounding breastfeeding decisions and management among pregnant and postpartum women taking methadone. Methods Seven pregnant women and 4 postpartum women enrolled in methadone maintenance programs participated in semistructured, audiotaped interviews and focus groups, respectively, about their breastfeeding experiences. Transcripts were analyzed and coded using qualitative content analysis. Results Three major content categories were identified: (1) fears, barriers, and misconceptions about breastfeeding while taking methadone; (2) motivation and perceived benefits of breastfeeding; and (3) sources of information, support, and anxiety about general breastfeeding management and breastfeeding while taking methadone. Lack of support from the health care community and misinformation about the dangers of combining breastfeeding and methadone therapy represented significant, yet modifiable, barriers to breastfeeding success in methadone-exposed women. Conclusions Interventions to increase the prevalence of breastfeeding among women taking methadone should address identified logistical, educational, and psychological barriers and consider inclusion of women themselves, partners, peers, and clinicians. In particular, clinicians who care for methadone-exposed mothers and infants should be educated on therapeutic communication, up-to-date breastfeeding contraindications, and the health benefits of breastfeeding in this population.
Buprenorphine Treatment for Probationers and Parolees
Authors: Gordon Michael S. , Kinlock Timothy W. , Schwartz Robert P. , Couvillion Kathryn A. , Sudec Laura J. , O'Grady Kevin E. , Vocci Frank J. , Shabazz Hamin 
Published: April 2014

Background Pharmacotherapy studies involving buprenorphine have rarely been conducted with US community corrections populations. This is one of the first reports of buprenorphine treatment outcomes of adult opioid-dependent probationers and parolees. Methods This longitudinal study examined the 3-month treatment outcomes for a sample of probation and parole clients ( N = 64) who received community-based buprenorphine treatment. Results Approximately two thirds of the sample (67%) were still in treatment at 3 months post baseline. Furthermore, there was a significant decline in the number of self-reported heroin use days and crime days from baseline to 3 months post baseline. Although there was not a significant reduction in reincarcerations, there was no evidence that they had increased. Conclusions Given that buprenorphine is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a safe, effective treatment for opioid use disorders, individuals on parole or probation should have the opportunity to benefit from it through community-based programs.
Fast alignment-free sequence comparison using spaced-word frequencies
Authors: Leimeister Chris-Andre , Boden Marcus , Horwege Sebastian , Lindner Sebastian , Morgenstern Burkhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMotivation: Alignment-free methods for sequence comparison are increasingly used for genome analysis and phylogeny reconstruction; they circumvent various difficulties of traditional alignment-based approaches. In particular, alignment-free methods are much faster than pairwise or multiple alignments. They are, however, less accurate than methods based on sequence alignment. Most alignment-free approaches work by comparing the word composition of sequences. A well-known problem with these methods is that neighbouring word matches are far from independent.Results: To reduce the statistical dependency between adjacent word matches, we propose to use ‘spaced words’, defined by patterns of ‘match’ and ‘don’t care’ positions, for alignment-free sequence comparison. We describe a fast implementation of this approach using recursive hashing and bit operations, and we show that further improvements can be achieved by using multiple patterns instead of single patterns. To evaluate our approach, we use spaced-word frequencies as a basis for fast phylogeny reconstruction. Using real-world and simulated sequence data, we demonstrate that our multiple-pattern approach produces better phylogenies than approaches relying on contiguous words.Availability and implementation: Our program is freely available at http://spaced.gobics.de/.Contact: chris.leimeister@stud.uni-goettingen.deSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Identification of the progenitors of rich clusters and member galaxies in rapid formation at z &gt; 2
Authors: Shimakawa Rhythm , Kodama Tadayuki , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Tanaka Ichi , Hayashi Masao , Koyama Yusei 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We present the results of near-infrared spectroscopy of Hα emitters (HAEs) associated with two protoclusters around radio galaxies (PKS 1138−262 at z = 2.2 and USS 1558−003 at z = 2.5) with the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) on the Subaru telescope. Among the HAE candidates constructed from our narrow-band imaging, we have confirmed membership of 27 and 36 HAEs for the respective protoclusters, with a success rate of 70 per cent of our observed targets. The large number of spectroscopically confirmed members per cluster has enabled us for the first time to reveal the detailed kinematical structures of the protoclusters at z &gt; 2. The clusters show prominent substructures such as clumps, filaments and velocity gradients, suggesting that they are still in the midst of rapid construction to grow to rich clusters at later times. We also estimate the dynamical masses of the clusters and substructures, assuming their local virialization. The inferred masses (∼1014 M⊙) of the protocluster cores are consistent with their being typical progenitors of the present-day most massive class of galaxy clusters (∼1015 M⊙) if we take into account the typical mass growth history of clusters. We then calculate the integrated star formation rates of the protocluster cores normalized by the dynamical masses and compare these with lower redshift descendants. We see a marked increase of star-forming activities in the cluster cores, by almost three orders of magnitude, as we go back in time to 11 billion years ago; this scales as (1 + z)6.
Correlation of Quality Parameters with the Baking Performance of Wheat Flours
Authors: Thanhaeuser Silvia Maria , Wieser Herbert , Koehler Peter 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe baking performance of a set of flours from 13 wheat cultivars was determined by means of two different microscale baking tests (10 g of flour each). In the micro‐rapid‐mix test the dough was mixed for a fixed time at a high speed, whereas the microbaking test used mixing to optimum dough consistency in a microfarinograph. Quality parameters such as sedimentation value, crude protein content, dough and gluten extension data, and microfarinograph data were also determined. Finally, quality‐related protein fractions (gliadins, glutenins, SDS‐soluble proteins, and glutenin macropolymer) were quantitated by extraction/HPLC methods with reversed‐phase and gel‐permeation columns. All quality parameters were correlated with the bread volumes of both baking tests. The results demonstrated that the microbaking test (adapted mixing time) was much more closely related to the quality parameters than the micro‐rapid‐mix test (fixed mixing time), which hardly showed any correlation. Among the standard quality parameters, only the crude protein content showed a medium correlation with the bread volume of the microbaking test (r = 0.71), whereas the contents of gliadins (r = 0.80), glutenins (r = 0.76), and glutenin macropolymer (r = 0.80) appeared to be suitable parameters to predict the baking performance of wheat flour. All other quality parameters were not or were only weakly correlated and unsuitable for predicting baking performance.
Improved Temperature Homogeneity of Cake Batter and Cake Quality with Reduction in Heat Conductivity of the Baking Pan at the Ends
Authors: Lee Seung Ju , Boonsupthip Waraporn 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWith high competition in bakery markets, baking process improvements in efficiency are necessary. Sliced butter cake is a well‐known bakery product. It is baked in a long, rectangular aluminum pan in which it is difficult to manage homogeneous heat distribution throughout the whole cake. Alteration of pan thermal properties through the Biot number concept (reducing thermal conductivity at the ends of the pan to increase Bi to 1.30) improved homogeneity of the heat distribution as well as the cake qualities throughout the whole cake piece by modifying the cake properties at the problematic location adjacent to the ends of the pan (hot zones, where crust thickness was reduced from 0.32 to 0.23 cm, cake height increased from 6.8 to 7.4 cm, and cake and crust colors improved). Waste from size defects (cake height too short and crust too thick) of butter cake in the hot zones was also reduced. The sensory results revealed improvement in the softness, moistness, and overall liking of the cake. Higher homogeneity in the cake temperature improved cake production by reducing baking time through application of higher thermal convection of hot air in the baking oven. Such findings confirm a simple approach for baking improvement through selection of proper baking tray materials. Biot number is a useful concept for baking optimization process design.
The First Report of Stolbur Phytoplasma Associated with Phyllody of Calendula officinalis in Serbia
Authors: Pavlovic S. , Starovic M. , Stojanovic S. , Aleksic G. , Kojic S. , Zdravkovic M. , Josic D. 
Published: April 2014

Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) is native to southern Europe. Compounds of marigold flowers exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor-promoting, and cytotoxic activities (4). In Serbia, pot marigold is cultivated as an important medicinal and ornamental plant. Typical phyllody, virescence, proliferation of axillary buds, and witches' broom symptoms were sporadically observed in 2011 in Pancevo plantation, Serbia (44°51′49″ N, 20°39′33″ E, 80 m above sea level). Until 2013, the number of uniformly distributed affected pot marigold plants reached 20% in the field. Due to the lack of seed production, profitability of the cultivation was seriously affected. Leaf samples from 10 symptomatic and 4 symptomless marigold plants were collected and total nucleic acid was extracted from midrib tissue (3). Direct PCR and nested PCR were carried out with primer pairs P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2n, respectively (3). Amplicons 1.5 and 1.2 kb in length, specific for the 16S rRNA gene, were amplified in all symptomatic plants. No PCR products were obtained when DNA isolated from symptomless plants was used. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns of the 1.2-kb fragments of 16S rDNA were determined by digestion with four endonucleases separately (TruI1, AluI, HpaII, and HhaI) and compared with those of Stolbur (Stol), Aster Yellows (AY), Flavescence dorée-C (FD-C), Poinsettia Branch-Inducing (PoiBI), and Clover Yellow Edge (CYE) phytoplasmas (2). RFLP patterns from all symptomatic pot marigold plants were identical to the Stol pattern, indicating Stolbur phytoplasma presence in affected plants. The 1.2-kb amplicon of representative Nv8 strain was sequenced and the data were submitted to GenBank (accession no. KJ174507). BLASTn analysis of the sequence was compared with sequences available in GenBank, showing 100% identity with 16S rRNA gene of strains from Paeonia tenuifolia (KF614623) and corn (JQ730750) from Serbia, and peach (KF263684) from Iran. All of these are members of the 16SrXII ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ group, subgroup A (Stolbur). Phytoplasmas belonging to aster yellows (16SrI) (Italy and Canada) and peanut witches' broom related phytoplasma (16SrII) group (Iran) have been identified in diseased pot marigold plants (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of natural infection of pot marigold by Stolbur phytoplasma in Serbia. References: (1) S. A. Esmailzadeh-Hosseini et al. Bull. Insectol. 64:S109, 2011. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998. (3) J. P. Prince. Phytopathology 83:1130, 1993. (4) M. Ukiya et al. J. Nat. Prod. 69:1692, 2006.
First Report of Dollar Spot of Sandbur Caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa in Oklahoma
Authors: Flores F. , Walker N. R. 
Published: April 2014

Sandbur (Cenchrus incertus Curtis) is a warm-season, annual, noxious, grassy weed native to southern North America. It is common in sandy, disturbed soils and can also be found in home lawns and sport fields where low turf density facilitates its establishment. In July 2013, after a period of frequent rainfall and heavy dew, symptoms of dollar spot-like lesions (1) were observed on sandbur plants growing in a mixed stand of turf-type and native warm-season grasses in Logan County, Oklahoma. Lesions, frequently associated with leaf sheaths, were tan and surrounded by a dark margin. Symptomatic leaves were surface sterilized and plated on potato dextrose agar amended with 10 ppm rifampicin, 250 ppm ampicillin, and 5 ppm fenpropathrin. After incubation, a fungus morphologically identical to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Bennett was consistently isolated. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of two different isolates, SCL2 and SCL3, were amplified using primers ITS4 and ITS5 (2). The DNA products were sequenced and BLAST analyses were used to compare sequences with those in GenBank. The sequence for isolate SLC2 was 869 bp, contained a type I intron in the 18S small subunit rDNA, and was identical to accession EU123803. The ITS sequence for isolate SLC3 was 535 bp and identical to accession EU123802. Twenty-five-day-old seedlings of C. incertus were inoculated by placing 5-mm-diameter agar plugs, colonized by mycelia of each S. homoeocarpa isolate, onto two of the plants' leaves. Plugs were held in place with Parafilm. Two plants were inoculated with each isolate and sterile agar plugs were placed on two leaves of another seedling as control. Plants were incubated in a dew chamber at 20°C and a 12-h photoperiod. After 3 days of incubation, water-soaked lesions surrounded by a dark margin appeared on inoculated plants only. Fungi that were later identified as S. homoeocarpa isolates SLC2 and SLC3 by sequencing of the ITS region were re-isolated from symptomatic leaves, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of dollar spot on sandbur. References: (1) R. W. Smiley et al. Page 22 in: Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2005. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.
Effect of a Cognitive Aid on Adherence to Perioperative Assessment and Management Guidelines for the Cardiac Evaluation of Noncardiac Surgical Patients
Authors: Hand William R. , Bridges Kathryn H. , Stiegler Marjorie P. , Schell Randall M. , DiLorenzo Amy N. , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. , Nietert Paul J. , McEvoy Matthew D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background:
The 2007 American College of Cardiologists/American Heart Association Guidelines on Perioperative Cardiac Evaluation and Care for Noncardiac Surgery is the standard for perioperative cardiac evaluation. Recent work has shown that residents and anesthesiologists do not apply these guidelines when tested. This research hypothesized that a decision support tool would improve adherence to this consensus guideline.

Methods:
Anesthesiology residents at four training programs participated in an unblinded, prospective, randomized, cross-over trial in which they completed two tests covering clinical scenarios. One quiz was completed from memory and one with the aid of an electronic decision support tool. Performance was evaluated by overall score (% correct), number of incorrect answers with possibly increased cost or risk of care, and the amount of time required to complete the quizzes both with and without the cognitive aid. The primary outcome was the proportion of correct responses attributable to the use of the decision support tool.

Results:
All anesthesiology residents at four institutions were recruited and 111 residents participated. Use of the decision support tool resulted in a 25% improvement in adherence to guidelines compared with memory alone (P < 0.0001), and participants made 77% fewer incorrect responses that would have resulted in increased costs. Use of the tool was associated with a 3.4-min increase in time to complete the test (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Use of an electronic decision support tool significantly improved adherence to the guidelines as compared with memory alone. The decision support tool also prevented inappropriate management steps possibly associated with increased healthcare costs.