bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les représentants de l'Outre-mer dans les assemblées de la IVe République (1946-1958). Approche prosopographique
Authors: Mohamed Gaillard Sarah , Romo-Navarrete Maria 
Published: December 2013

Sarah MOHAMED-GAILLARD, Maria ROMO-NAVARRETE : Les représentants de l' outre-mer dans les assemblées de la IVe 1945-1958.

Des élus du Parlement, députés et sénateurs, aux conseillers de l'Assemblée de l'Union française, cette étude se propose de répertorier les représentants des 33 territoires formant l'Outre-mer français de la Constitution acceptée de 1946 à la chute de la IVe République.
La grande diversité des territoires abordés, résultat notoire d'une histoire coloniale aux épisodes multiples, se traduit par une variété de statuts. Ainsi, seront considérés les trois départements algériens, les Départements d'Outre-mer, les Territoires d'Outre-mer, les Etats associés et les protectorats.
Une première évaluation permet d'appréhender un groupe d'environ 650 individus en majorité des hommes mais aussi quelques femmes, élus dans les territoires ou nommés par le Parlement, porte-paroles des "colons" ou des "indigènes", des politiques aguerris dont la renommée occulte bien souvent des profils plus modestes.
L'hétérogénéité du corpus, son importance quantitative et la volonté d'appliquer à chaque individu un traitement égal justifie le recours à l'approche prosopographique. Loin de prétendre mener à terme une étude complète, les limites de ce programme fournissent un cadre propice à la première étape de ce chantier : l'identification systématique de tous les représentants et de leur mode d'accession aux assemblées.
Unbiased Expression Mapping Identifies a Link between the Complement and Cholinergic Systems in the Rat Central Nervous System
Authors: Lindblom Rickard P. F. , Ström Mikael , Heinig Matthias , Al Nimer Faiez , Aeinehband Shahin , Berg Alexander , Dominguez Cecilia A. , Vijayaraghavan Swetha , Zhang Xing-Mei , Harnesk Karin , Zelano Johan , Hübner Norbert , Cullheim Staffan , Darreh-Shori Taher , Diez Margarita , Piehl Fredrik 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The complement system is activated in a wide spectrum of CNS diseases and is suggested to play a role in degenerative phenomena such as elimination of synaptic terminals. Still, little is known of mechanisms regulating complement activation in the CNS. Loss of synaptic terminals in the spinal cord after an experimental nerve injury is increased in the inbred DA strain compared with the PVG strain and is associated with expression of the upstream complement components C1q and C3, in the absence of membrane attack complex activation and neutrophil infiltration. To further dissect pathways regulating complement expression, we performed genome-wide expression profiling and linkage analysis in a large F2(DA × PVG) intercross, which identified quantitative trait loci regulating expression of C1qa, C1qb, C3, and C9. Unlike C1qa, C1qb, and C9, which all displayed distinct coregulation with different cis-regulated C-type lectins, C3 was regulated in a coexpression network immediately downstream of butyrylcholinesterase. Butyrylcholinesterase hydrolyses acetylcholine, which exerts immunoregulatory effects partly through TNF-α pathways. Accordingly, increased C3, but not C1q, expression was demonstrated in rat and mouse glia following TNF-α stimulation, which was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by acetylcholine. These findings demonstrate new pathways regulating CNS complement expression using unbiased mapping in an experimental in vivo system. A direct link between cholinergic activity and complement activation is supported by in vitro experiments. The identification of distinct pathways subjected to regulation by naturally occurring genetic variability is of relevance for the understanding of disease mechanisms in neurologic conditions characterized by neuronal injury and complement activation.
PD-L1 Limits the Mucosal CD8+ T Cell Response to Chlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Fankhauser Sarah C. , Starnbach Michael N. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Repeated infections with C. trachomatis lead to serious sequelae, such as infertility. It is unclear why the adaptive immune system, specifically the CD8+ T cell response, is unable to protect against subsequent C. trachomatis infections. In this article, we characterize the mucosal CD8+ T cell response to C. trachomatis in the murine genital tract. We demonstrate that the immunoinhibitory ligand, PD-L1, contributes to the defective CD8+ T cell response. Deletion or inhibition of PD-L1 restores the CD8+ T cell response and enhances C. trachomatis clearance.
CCR7 Is Mainly Expressed in Teleost Gills, Where It Defines an IgD+IgM− B Lymphocyte Subset
Authors: Castro Rosario , Bromage Erin , Abós Beatriz , Pignatelli Jaime , González Granja Aitor , Luque Alfonso , Tafalla Carolina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Chemokine receptor CCR7, the receptor for both CCL19 and CCL21 chemokines, regulates the recruitment and clustering of circulating leukocytes to secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. Even though teleost fish do not have either of these secondary lymphoid structures, we have recently reported a homolog to CCR7 in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In the present work, we have studied the distribution of leukocytes bearing extracellular CCR7 in naive adult tissues by flow cytometry, observing that among the different leukocyte populations, the highest numbers of cells with membrane (mem)CCR7 were recorded in the gill (7.5 ± 2% CCR7+ cells). In comparison, head kidney, spleen, thymus, intestine, and peripheral blood possessed &lt;5% CCR7+ cells. When CCR7 was studied at early developmental stages, we detected a progressive increase in gene expression and protein CCR7 levels in the gills throughout development. Surprisingly, the majority of the CCR7+ cells in the gills were not myeloid cells and did not express membrane CD8, IgM, nor IgT, but expressed IgD on the cell surface. In fact, most IgD+ cells in the gills expressed CCR7. Intriguingly, the IgD+CCR7+ population did not coexpress memIgM. Finally, when trout were bath challenged with viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, the number of CCR7+ cells significantly decreased in the gills while significantly increased in head kidney. These results provide evidence of the presence of a novel memIgD+memIgM− B lymphocyte subset in trout that expresses memCCR7 and responds to viral infections. Similarities with IgD+IgM− subsets in mammals are discussed.
VARIACIÓN ALTITUDINAL ENTRE ESPECIES Y PROCEDENCIAS DE Pinus pseudostrobus, P. devoniana y P. leiophylla. ENSAYO DE VIVERO
Authors: Castellanos-Acuña Dante , Sáenz-Romero Cuauhtémoc , Lindig-Cisneros Roberto A. , Sánchez-Vargas Nahum M. , Lobbit Phillipe , Montero-Castro Juan Carlos 
Published: December 2013

Los bosques de pino-encino de la comunidad de Nuevo San Juan, Michoacán, están dominados por Pinus pseudostrobus, P. devoniana y P. leiophylla. Los patrones de variación genética de estas especies no se conocen lo suficiente, particularmente los de P. leiophylla, lo cual limita la creación de lineamientos para el movimiento de semillas y plántulas para reforestación y su adaptación al cambio climático. Las especies se recolectaron en cuatro o cinco procedencias a lo largo de un transecto altitudinal (1,650 a 2,500 m) para el establecimiento de un ensayo en vivero, con el objetivo de cuantificar la variación genética entre y dentro de las especies. La altura de la planta (tres y cinco meses de edad) fue significativamente diferente (P < 0.0001) entre especies. Entre procedencias hubo diferencias significativas para P. devoniana (P < 0.0001) y P. leiophylla (P = 0.0352). La especie P. devoniana mostró un pronunciado patrón de crecimiento asociado con la altitud de origen, donde las plantas con mayor crecimiento procedían de una menor altitud. Las poblaciones de P. leiophylla fueron diferentes sólo a los tres meses de edad, sin un patrón altitudinal estadísticamente significativo. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre poblaciones de P. pseudostrobus.
MARCADORES MORFOMÉTRICOS PARA LA IDENTIFICACIÓN DEL SEXO EN Zamia furfuracea L. f. (Zamiaceae)
Authors: Baldo-Romero María Á. , Iglesias-Andreu Lourdes G. , Vázquez-Torres Mario , Sánchez-Velásquez Lázaro R. , Luna-Rodríguez Mauricio , Octavio-Aguilar Pablo 
Published: December 2013

Zamia furfuracea L. f. es endémica de Veracruz, México. La especie es una cícada dioica que se encuentra en peligro de extinción. No se ha registrado la existencia de un dimorfismo sexual en esta especie, por lo que no es posible efectuar una identificación del sexo en estadios tempranos o sin estructuras reproductivas. La determinación de las diferencias asociadas con el sexo en Z. furfuracea se hizo a través de la evaluación de nueve variables morfológicas en 31 individuos machos y 26 hembras de una población natural de Veracruz. El número de pares de foliolos, el ancho de la hoja, el promedio del ancho del foliolo y el diámetro del pecíolo fueron significativamente diferentes entre sexos (P = 0.043, P = 0.032, P = 0.041 y P = 0.002, respectivamente). Estos caracteres pueden constituir marcadores morfométricos para determinar, con mayor certeza, la proporción de sexos en la especie.
Occurence of antibiotic resistant enterococci on skin of teats and teat cups of milking machine
Authors: Krebs Artimová Anna , Ducková Viera , Kročko Miroslav 
Published: December 2013

The production of high-quality milk with low bacteriological counts begins at the farm and involves multiple factors related to cows, environment, and hygiene of equipment. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of enterococci in conditions of farmhouse production and antibiotic resistance of 49 strains isolated from skin of teats and 50 strains isolated from teat cups of milking machine. The samples for enumeration and isolation of enterococci were cultured on selective diagnostic Slanetz-Bartley agar. The isolates were phenotypically identified at the species level with EN-COCCUS test. Susceptibilities of isolated enterococci to antibiotic (vancomycin 30 μg/disc, ampicillin 10 μg/disc, erythromycin 15 μg/disc, gentamicin 120 μg/disc, teicoplanin 30 μg/disc and tetracycline 30 μg/disc) were tested using the disc diffusion method. The counts of enterococci from teats reached the average value 2.77 log10 cfu.ml-1 and from teat cups of milking machine average value 2.85 log10 cfu.ml-1. The dominant species isolated from teats (41%) and also from teat cups (36%) were representatives of E. group III - E. durans, E. hirae, E. faecalis asaccharolytic var. The isolates of enterococci obtained from teats showed resistance to tetracycline (4%), erythromycin (4%) and intermediary resistance to tetracycline (8%), erythromycin (25%) and to vancomycin (8%). The isolates of enterococci obtained from teat cups showed resistance to tetracycline (2%) and intermediary resistance to erythromycin (20%) and to vancomycin (6%). No resistance to the antibiotic teicoplanin, ampicillin and gentamicin was found. The most of the isolates of enterococci were sensitive to the tested antibiotics.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Aged Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Keep Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Properties but Exhibit Characteristics of Aging and Have Impaired Angiogenic Potential
Authors: Efimenko Anastasia , Dzhoyashvili Nina , Kalinina Natalia , Kochegura Tatiana , Akchurin Renat , Tkachuk Vsevolod , Parfyonova Yelena 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Tissue regeneration is impaired in aged individuals. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs), a promising source for cell therapy, were shown to secrete various angiogenic factors and improve vascularization of ischemic tissues. We analyzed how patient age affected the angiogenic properties of ADSCs. ADSCs were isolated from subcutaneous fat tissue of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD; n = 64, 43–77 years old) and without CAD (n = 31, 2–82 years old). ADSC phenotype characterized by flow cytometry was CD90+/CD73+/CD105+/CD45−/CD31− for all samples, and these cells were capable of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. ADSCs from aged patients had shorter telomeres (quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and a tendency to attenuated telomerase activity. ADSC-conditioned media (ADSC-CM) stimulated capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells (EA.hy926), and this effect significantly decreased with the age of patients both with and without CAD. Angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, placental growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoetin-1, and angiogenin) in ADSC-CM measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay significantly decreased with patient age, whereas levels of antiangiogenic factors thrombospondin-1 and endostatin did not. Expression of angiogenic factors in ADSCs did not change with patient age (real-time polymerase chain reaction); however, gene expression of factors related to extracellular proteolysis (urokinase and its receptor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor surface expression increased in ADSCs from aged patients with CAD. ADSCs from aged patients both with and without CAD acquire aging characteristics, and their angiogenic potential declines because of decreasing proangiogenic factor secretion. This could restrict the effectiveness of autologous cell therapy with ADSCs in aged patients.
Synthesis of Building Blocks and Oligonucleotides Containing {T}O4‐Alkylene‐O4{T} Interstrand Cross‐Links
Authors: O'Flaherty Derek K. , McManus Francis P. , Noronha Anne M. , Wilds Christopher J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis protocol describes the preparation of O
4‐thymidine‐alkylene‐O
4‐thymidine dimer bis‐phosphoramidites and precursors for incorporation into DNA sequences to produce site‐specific DNA interstrand cross‐links. Linkers are introduced at the 4‐position of thymidine by reacting the sodium salt of a diol with a pyrimidinyl‐convertible nucleoside to produce mono‐adducts, which then undergo reaction with a stoichiometric equivalent of a pyrimidinyl‐convertible nucleoside under basic conditions to form O
4‐thymidine‐alkylene‐O
4‐thymidine dimers. Bis‐phosphoramidites are incorporated into oligonucleotides by solid‐phase synthesis, and mild conditions for deprotection and cleavage from the solid support are employed to prevent degradation of the thymidine modifications. Purification of these cross‐linked oligonucleotides is performed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This approach allows for the preparation of cross‐linked DNA substrates in quantities and purity sufficient for a wide range of biophysical experiments and biochemical studies as substrates to investigate DNA repair pathways. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 55:5.13.1‐5.13.19. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sub‐3 nm particles observed at the coastal and continental sites in the United States
Authors: Yu Huan , Gannet Hallar A. , You Yi , Sedlacek Arthur , Springston Stephen , Kanawade Vijay P. , Lee Yin‐Nan , Wang Jian , Kuang Chongai , McGraw Robert L. , McCubbin Ian , Mikkila Jyri , Lee Shan‐Hu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDirect measurements of atmospheric sub‐3 nm particles are crucial for understanding the new particle formation mechanisms, but such measurements are very limited at present. We report measurements of sub‐3nm particles at Brookhaven, New York (a coastal site in summer) and Kent, Ohio (a continental site in winter). During daytime, in approximately 80% of the observation days at both sites, sub‐3nm particle events were observed with concentrations of 2800 ± 1600 cm‐3, and they appeared with the elevated sulfuric acid concentrations. During the nighttime at the coastal site under the marine air mass influences, there were also substantial concentrations of sub‐3nm particles (1500 ± 400 cm‐3), but they did not grow larger. On the other hand, at the coastal Brookhaven site under the continental air mass influences and at the inland Kent site during the night, the sub‐3nm particles were significantly lower (190 ± 130 cm‐3). Our results indicate that sub‐3nm particles were not always present, and their presence was rather closely associated with specific aerosol nucleation precursors: sulfuric acid and other unknown condensable chemical species likely present in the marine air masses. These findings are thus different from other studies conducted in the Finland boreal forest, which showed a persistent presence of high concentrations of sub‐2nm particles and that these sub‐2nm particles were more correlated to monoterpene oxidation products than to sulfuric acid. Therefore, different nucleation mechanisms, as opposed on to a universal mechanism, involving different nucleation precursors dominate in different atmospheric environments with different emissions and transported trace gases.
Selected current‐use and historic‐use pesticides in air and seawater of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China
Authors: Zhong Guangcai , Tang Jianhui , Xie Zhiyong , Möller Axel , Zhao Zhen , Sturm Renate , Chen Yingjun , Tian Chongguo , Pan Xiaohui , Qin Wei , Zhang Gan , Ebinghaus Ralf 
Published: December 2013

AbstractConsumption of pesticides in China has increased rapidly in recent years; however, occurrence and fate of current‐use pesticides (CUPs) in China coastal waters are poorly understood. Globally banned pesticides, so‐called historic‐use pesticides (HUPs), are still commonly observed in the environment. In this work, air and surface seawater samples taken from the Bohai and Yellow Seas in May 2012 were analyzed for CUPs including trifluralin, quintozene, chlorothalonil, dicofol, chlorpyrifos, and dacthal, as well as HUPs (hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), and endosulfan). CUP profile in both air and seawater samples generally reflected their consumption patterns in China. HUPs in the air and seawater samples were in comparable levels as those of CUPs with high concentrations. α‐Endosulfan, dicofol, and chlorothalonil showed strong net deposition likely resulting from their intensive use in recent years, while CUPs with low consumption amount (quintozene and dacthal) were close to equilibrium at most samplings sites. Another CUP with high usage amout (i.e., chlorpyrifos) underwent volatilization possibly due to its longer half‐life in seawater than that in air. α‐HCH and γ‐HCH were close to equilibrium in the Bohai Sea, but mainly underwent net deposition in the Yellow Sea. The net deposition of α‐HCH could be attributed to polluted air pulses from the East China identified by air mass back trajectories. β‐HCH showed net volatilization in the Bohai Sea, which was driven by its relative enrichment in seawater. HCB either slightly favored net volatilization or was close to equilibrium in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.
Evaluation of Rett Syndrome Symptom Improvement by Metabolic Modulators in Mecp2‐Mutant Mice
Authors: Buchovecky Christie M. , Hill Misty G. , Borkey Jennifer M. , Kyle Stephanie M. , Justice Monica J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMouse models recapitulate many symptoms of Rett Syndrome, an X‐linked disorder caused by mutations in methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MECP2). The study of Mecp2‐null male mice has provided insight into pathogenesis of the disorder—most recently, dysregulation of cholesterol and lipid metabolism. Perisymptomatic treatment with statin drugs successfully mitigates the effects of this metabolic syndrome, increases longevity, and improves motor function. Described here is a metabolic drug screening protocol and timeline for symptom evaluation in Mecp2‐mutant mice. Specifically, mice are treated twice weekly with a compound of interest alongside subjective health assessments, bi‐weekly body composition measurements, and blood chemistries. Throughout treatment, behavioral phenotyping tests are carried out at specific time points. This protocol is highly adaptable to other neurological diseases; however, the time for completion depends on the specific mutant model under study. The protocol highlights the use of techniques described in several different Current Protocols in Mouse Biology articles to carry out testing in a preclinical model. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:187‐204 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Phenotypic Analysis of BAT versus WAT Differentiation
Authors: Rosenwald Matthias , Perdikari Aliki , Weber Elisabeth , Wolfrum Christian 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe Western world is in the midst of an epidemic of obesity, which is the cause of severe clinical complications such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Obesity develops when energy intake chronically exceeds energy expenditure; thus, either reducing the energy intake and/or increasing the energy expenditure has been used in the treatment and prevention of obesity. On a cellular level, energy storage is mediated by white adipocyte tissue (WAT). In contrast, brown adipose tissue (BAT) contributes to body temperature and metabolic homeostasis by metabolizing lipids and glucose. Adipose tissue is a notoriously difficult tissue to work with, due to the high content of triglycerides and the fragility of the cells. In this unit, several approaches to analysis of BAT and WAT are described that overcome these limitations. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 3:205‐216 © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Demand Growth for Animal Products in the BRIIC Countries
Authors: Chen Danhong , Abler David 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTWe conduct a meta‐analysis of studies of consumer demand for animal products in the BRIIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, and China) to gauge how future demands are likely to evolve. The BRIIC countries accounted for more than one‐fourth of global GDP in purchasing power parity terms in 2010, and are projected to have high rates of economic growth during the coming decade. Econometric results indicate that demands are likely to become more price‐responsive but less income‐responsive. These effects will likely become significant over time in countries such as China and India where per capita incomes are projected to grow rapidly. These developments may benefit exporters of animal products to the BRIIC countries if trade agreements are signed that open up the relatively closed markets for animal products in these countries. [EconLit Subject Codes: Q110, Q170].
Unified Tracking and Regulation Visual Servo Control for Wheeled Mobile Robots
Authors: MacKunis W. , Gans N. , Parikh A. , Dixon W. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe problem of unified tracking and regulation visual servo control is addressed in this paper, for a wheeled mobile robot (WMR) equipped with a single monocular camera system. The desired trajectory or desired fixed position and orientation are defined using a prerecorded image sequence (i.e., a video) or a single image (i.e., a snapshot) of four feature points. Euclidean homographies are developed by exploiting the projective geometric relationships that exist between the feature points in the live image and the prerecorded sequence of images and the corresponding feature points in a fixed reference image. The information obtained from the Euclidean homographies is then utilized to recast the WMR kinematics in a standard WMR form. A rigorous Lyapunov‐based analysis is provided to show that the proposed visual servo control approach achieves simultaneous tracking and regulation control for the on‐board camera‐in‐hand problem.