bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refocusing the lens: Drinking water success in First Nations in Ontario
Authors: McCullough Jason , Farahbakhsh Khosrow 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article examines the definition of success in First Nations drinking water service as voiced by the First Nations technical community of practice. The research explores success stories to identify success themes and factors to formulate a workable definition for policy‐makers. Researchers interviewed sixteen technical practitioners in Ontario using a semi‐structured approach. Data analysis revealed a definition of success that extends beyond the technical boundary to include professional growth, employment, local action and a facilitating policy environment. This comprehensive definition provides a basis for policy and program considerations to increase First Nations buy‐in and foster a constructive environment for drinking water improvements.
Are non‐government policy actors being heard? Assessing New Public Governance in three Canadian provinces
Authors: Evans Bryan , Sapeha Halina 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article is based on select results taken from a survey of NGO and provincial government policy workers. The purpose is to provide an empirically based assessment of how government and non‐government policy workers engage with one another in the policy process. The data suggest that policy co‐construction and co‐production are a significant feature of the process but there is some need for nuance. The data presented here indicate that the extent of policy engagement may not be as broadly inclusive as the proponents of New Governance suggest.
Prioritizing vulnerable children: strategies to address inequity
Authors: Zwi K. , Joshua P. , Moran P. , White L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundWhile current strategies to address the needs of vulnerable child populations in Australia aim to reduce inequities, they are isolated, group specific and disparate.AimThe aim of this study was to address health inequities by generating tools that are useful in clinical service settings to assist with the identification, prioritization and monitoring of all vulnerable populations.MethodologyCurrent local and national initiatives to address inequities were reviewed. Shared strategies in delivering health services to vulnerable populations were highlighted, and existing tools used for identification and prioritization were adapted.FindingsAnalysis of at‐risk populations resulted in the formulation of four key questions to identify vulnerable children at presentation to services and strategies for prioritizing children within services. An existing refugee child health service delivery framework was adapted as a proposal for use in the development and evaluation of services for all vulnerable child populations.ConclusionA systemic approach across all vulnerable populations, supplemented by group‐specific measures, is likely to add value to health service delivery as well as be more efficient and sustainable than multiple group‐specific interventions. Given the limited outcome evidence available, there is also a need to collect data on vulnerable children and to track the effectiveness of interventions designed to address their health needs.
Complex sleep apnea at auto‐titrating CPAP initiation: prevalence, significance and predictive factors
Authors: Neu Daniel , Balkissou Adamou Dodo , Mairesse Olivier , Pefura‐Yone Eric Walter , Noseda André 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients may develop central respiratory events under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), referred to as complex sleep apnea (CompSA).ObjectiveWe aimed to assess prevalence and predictive factors of complex apnea and to evaluate treatment response to CPAP.MethodsWithin a retrospective cohort study, we assessed clinical data of OSA patients, attending the sleep lab during a 15‐months period. Included participants underwent two consecutive polysomnographies; baseline diagnosis and treatment trial. Complex apnea patients, defined by a central apnea index ≥ 5 per hour during pressure auto‐titration, were compared to remainders.ResultsAmong 263 included patients, the prevalence of complex apnea was 9.1%. The mean apnea hypopnea index only dropped from 52.7 to 39.9 per hour in CompSA patients, while it improved from 40.9 to 7.3 in patients without CompSA. Although a decreased sleep‐fragmentation under CPAP was observable in both groups, the enhancement of Non‐REM sleep was superior in patients without CompSA. The CompSA patients showed higher median apnea‐hypopnea, mixed apnea and central apnea indices at baseline and displayed higher rates of comorbid heart failure and obstructive pulmonary disease, but no higher severity of associated daytime fatigue and sleepiness symptoms.ConclusionDespite evidenced partial improvement of obstructive events, nocturnal hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation, the occurrence of complex apnea presented here as a clear therapeutic failure of auto‐titrating CPAP and was associated with heart failure, COPD and higher central and mixed apnea indices at baseline.
Asthma phenotypes in Turkey: a multicenter cross‐sectional study in adult asthmatics; PHENOTURK study
Authors: Yildiz Fusun , Mungan Dilsad , Gemicioglu Bilun , Yorgancioglu Arzu , Dursun Berna , Oner Erkekol Ferda , Ogus Candan , Turktas Haluk , Bogatekin Gunhan , Topcu Fusun , Deveci Figen , Bayram Hasan , Tor Meltem , Kalyoncu A. Fuat 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsTo evaluate asthma phenotypes in patients with asthma from different regions of Turkey.MethodsA total of 1400 adult asthmatic patients (mean (SD) age: 44.0 (13.9) years, 75% females) from 14 centers across Turkey were included in this study and a standard questionnaire was applied between the time period of February 2011–January 2012.ResultsThe disease onset ≥ 40 years of age was higher percentage in obese vs. normal/overweight patients and nonallergic vs. allergic patients (P < 0.01). The percentage of patients who had FEV1 values over 80% was higher in allergic than nonallergic and normal/overweight than obese patients (P < 0.01). Uncontrolled asthmatics have more severe disease (P < 0.01). There were more frequent hospital admissions in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthmatics (P < 0.01). Chronic rhino‐sinusitis was the leading comorbid disorder in normal/overweight and allergic asthma, while gastroesophageal reflux disorder was more frequent in nonallergic and uncontrolled asthma (P < 0.01). Asthma control rate was the highest (39.0%) in patients from Marmara region among all geographical regions (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings revealed existence of clinical/trigger related phenotypes based on BMI, allergic status, control level and geographical region with more frequent respiratory dysfunction and/or adverse health outcomes in uncontrolled, obese and nonallergic phenotypes.
A 50‐year‐old woman with haemoptysis, cough and tachypnea: cholesterol pneumonia accompanying with pulmonary artery hypertension
Authors: Li Mengxi , Zhang Nuofu , Zhou Ying , Li Jinhui , Gu Yingying , Wang Jian , Liu Chunli 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLipoid pneumonia is an uncommon disease caused by the presence of lipid in the alveoli. Here we described a case of a 50‐year‐old woman with haemoptysis, cough and tachypnea, who was diagnosed with cholesterol pneumonia accompanying with pulmonary artery hypertension. The extremely high pulmonary artery pressure achieved, in this case, is alarming and should alert the physicians that the cholesterol pneumonia may be one of the underlying causes of pulmonary artery hypertension. After a treatment of methylprednisolone, her clinical symptoms were significantly improved, which suggested that steroid might be a promising therapeutic for patients with cholesterol pneumonia.
Cathelicidin (LL‐37) and human β2‐defensin levels of children with post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans
Authors: Gedik Ahmet Hakan , Cakir Erkan , Gokdemir Yasemin , Uyan Zeynep Seda , Kocyigit Abdurrahim , Torun Emel , Karadag Bulent , Ersu Refika , Karakoc Fazilet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) human β‐defensins and cathelicidin (LL‐37) are key factors in innate and adaptive immune responses of the respiratory tract and play an important role in many respiratory diseases. No data are available in the literature about the levels of these AMPs in paediatric patients with post‐infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). This study aimed to determine human β‐defensin 2 (hBD2) and LL‐37 levels and compare between post‐infectious BO patients and the control group.MethodThe patients diagnosed with post‐infectious BO between September 2012 and 2013 and age‐ and‐gender matched healthy controls were enrolled in this multi‐center study. Serum hBD2 and LL37 levels were determined with the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsSixty‐three post‐infectious BO patients and 65 healthy children (median age 73 ± 55 and 78.74 ± 36.32 months, respectively) were enrolled in the study. The mean of hBD2 levels in patients and the control group were 1.06 ± 0.24 and 0.67 ± 0.72 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean of LL‐37 levels in patients and the control group were 72.13 ± 29.06 and 50.10 ± 21.98 ng/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). No correlation was found between these AMPs levels and chronological age, age at the time of diagnosis, gender, Z‐scores of weight and length, hospitalization numbers, the disease history before diagnosis and 25‐OH D vitamin levels.ConclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate the higher levels of serum hBD2 and LL‐37 levels in paediatric post‐infectious BO patients. These AMPs may have important roles in the immune systems and pathogenesis of these patients.
Locally Delivered Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug: A Potential Option for Heterotopic Ossification Prevention
Authors: Rivera Jessica C. , Hsu Joseph R. , Noel Scott P. , Wenke Joseph C. , Rathbone Christopher R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prescribed for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis following at‐risk injuries and procedures. We hypothesized that NSAIDs may be delivered locally in a wound for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis. In in vitro work, we cultured osteoblasts with three commercially available NSAIDs and then measured cell viability and DNA content. Indomethacin caused a 50% decrease in DNA at the lowest dose (0.0001 mM) and the most potent decrease in cell viability (<10% of control at 0.0005 mM). Ketorolac and ibuprofen required 10 times the dose to achieve a comparable decrease (<20% of control at 0.005 mM). In an animal study, 20 rats per treatment group received a full‐thickness wound dressed with either saline‐moistened gauze, saline‐moistened chitosan sponge, or chitosan sponge loaded with indomethacin. After 28 days, we examined the tissue for healing. Wounds exposed to indomethacin loaded sponges demonstrated fewer inflammatory cells. All 20 rats in the indomethacin group had complete epithelial coverage at 28 days. Eighteen (90%) wounds in the saline‐chitosan group and 11 (55%) wounds in the saline‐gauze group were healed. Locally delivered NSAIDs may be useful for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis due to effects on osteoblast viability and lack of negative effects on wound healing.
Adaptation to Global Warming as an Optimal Transition Process to A Greenhouse World
Authors: Seo S. Niggol 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article develops the economics of adaptation to global warming as an optimal transition process to future climates. Three policy approaches that encompass the existing theories and policy options are initially outlined: measures based on individuals' social responsibility, government regulations, and carbon pricing. Evidence suggests that each of these options has little chance of being agreed upon and implemented at a global level. The economics of adaptation begins with climate signals which force individuals to adapt. Private adaptations are simultaneously tapped into for carbon dioxide removal and abatement. With increasingly severe damage over time, public sectors will be compelled to work in partnership with individuals and communities. Responding to amplifying climate signals, adaptation strategies evolve in such a way as to accelerate carbon dioxide reductions through low‐carbon energy sources and technological solutions. Adaptations in a centuries‐long timescale would effectively fend off dangerous global warming, but in a manner that is unbearably slow for the world's communities. The optimality of the transition process is based on micro efficiency, coordination, and the public goods nature and unique characteristics of specific adaptation strategies.
Marketing by Controlling Social Discourse: The Fairtrade Case
Authors: Griffiths Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA non‐conventional marketing strategy is used by the owners of a not‐for‐profit code of practice,Fairtrade. People buyFairtrade‐branded goods because of the social discourse around it – what friends, newspapers, teachers and others tell them about what it guarantees, what it achieves and what is its social acceptability – rather than because of the advertising. The social discourse is favourable toFairtrade but bears little relation to observable fact. Methods used by the brand owners and others to control and manipulate the social discourse are identified.
Individual‐level differences in generalist caterpillar responses to a plant–plant cue
Authors: HUGHES KATHY M. , PEARSE IAN S. , GROF‐TISZA PATRICK , KARBAN RICHARD 
Published: June 2015

1. Plant–plant communication has been found to affect interactions between herbivores and plants in several model systems. In these systems, herbivore‐induced volatile chemical cues are emitted and perceived by other plants (receivers), which subsequently change their defensive phenotypes. Most studies have focused on how the effects of volatile cues affect plant damage, whereas herbivore performance has rarely been examined.2. In this study, it is shown that plant–plant communication between willows reduced the growth rate, feeding rate, and conversion efficiency of some individuals but not others of a generalist caterpillar, Orgyia vetusta.3. Using a paired, no‐choice trial design, there was substantial variation between caterpillar individuals in their response to willows that had been induced with a volatile plant–plant cue. This variation was explained by feeding parameters of the individual herbivores. Individuals behaved similarly when fed induced and non‐induced willow leaves. Specifically, growth rates of caterpillars that grew rapidly on non‐induced willow leaves were negatively affected by plant–plant cues, but growth rates of caterpillars that grew slowly on non‐induced willow leaves were not affected by the responses to volatiles from neighbouring willows.4. Induction by volatile plant–plant cues reduced the growth rates of those individual herbivores that caused the greatest damage to willow, but had little effect on weak growers.
A review of Pinaceae resistance mechanisms against needle and shoot pathogens with a focus on the Dothistroma–Pinus interaction
Authors: Fraser S. , Martín‐García J. , Perry A. , Kabir M. S. , Owen T. , Solla A. , Brown A. V. , Bulman L. S. , Barnes I. , Hale M. D. , Vasconcelos M. W. , Lewis K. J. , Doğmuş‐Lehtijarvi H. T. , Markovskaja S. , Woodward S. , Bradshaw R. E. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini, is a highly damaging disease of pine. DNB was originally considered a problem on exotic Pinus radiata plantations in the Southern Hemisphere and on both exotic and native pines in parts of North America in the 1960s. Since the mid‐1990s, however, DNB has increased in importance in various parts of the world, including Europe. On susceptible species, DNB causes premature needle drop, a loss of yield and, in some circumstances, mortality. In some areas, DNB is controlled by the application of copper‐based fungicides and silvicultural techniques, such as thinning and pruning. In New Zealand, there has also been a long history of selection of more resistant P. radiata for use in breeding programmes. A richer understanding of the resistance mechanisms involved in the Dothistroma–Pinus interaction will play a critical role in helping the development of sustainable integrated DNB management strategies. This review therefore summarizes current knowledge of defence mechanisms involved in the defence of Pinaceae against needle and shoot pathogens and identifies research gaps. Collaborative research efforts from countries directly or indirectly affected by DNB are rapidly generating new knowledge to address these gaps.
GENDER AND AGENCY BETWEEN ‘SEXUALWISSENSCHAFT’ AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY: THE CASE OF N.O. BODY'S AUS EINES MANNES MÄDCHENJAHREN
Authors: Linge Ina 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the relationship between the German discourse of ‘Sexualwissenschaft’ and the autobiography of N.O. Body (1907), which gives an account of the girlhood years of the male protagonist. The ideas and methods of sexology in Wilhelmine Germany, as expressed in particular in the works of Magnus Hirschfeld, will be rethought as prosthetic support for the construction of autobiographical writing of gender and sexual ‘deviants’ in the case of Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren and, as such, seen to open up a possibility to reconsider the relation between gender and agency. I suggest that N.O. Body's memoirs process and incorporate sexology's methodological and ideological impact through literary and linguistic craftsmanship that highlights the creative and idiosyncratic agency of the writing self.Der folgende Aufsatz untersucht die diskursive Wechselbeziehung zwischen der deutschen Sexualwissenschaft und der Autobiographie N.O. Bodys (1907), in denen der männliche Protagonist von seinen Kinder‐ und Jugendjahren als Mädchen berichtet. Die Ideen und methodischen Zugänge der Sexualwissenschaft zur Zeit des Deutschen Kaiserreichs, insbesondere die Schriften Magnus Hirschfelds, werden hier als diskursive Prothese für das autobiographische Schreiben über sexuelle und Gender‐‘Devianz’ neu positioniert und anhand der Fallstudie Aus eines Mannes Mädchenjahren exemplarisch aufgezeigt. Dadurch wird es möglich, einen Zusammenhang von Geschlecht und Handlungsmöglichkeit (agency) herauszuarbeiten. Dieser Aufsatz stellt fest, dass N.O. Bodys Memoiren die methodischen und ideologischen Einflüsse der Sexualwissenschaft mithilfe einer literarischen und sprachlichen Kunstfertigkeit ein‐ und verarbeiten, die die kreative und idiosynkratische Handlungsmöglichkeit des schreibenden Selbst zum Ausdruck bringt.
FROM PICTURESQUE TO POLITICAL: TRANSCULTURAL PERSPECTIVES ON GERMANY IN VICTORIAN POPULAR PERIODICALS, 1850 TO 1875
Authors: Korte Barbara 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTGeneral‐audience periodicals are an underused source for the study of transcultural perceptions and relations in the nineteenth century. With their pieces on travel and topography, multi‐authored magazines created a multi‐faceted image of the world. This kaleidoscopic mode directs our attention to the complexity of the period's popular imagination of foreign countries and transcultural relations. The article focuses on Germany as a case study and embarks on a cross‐title analysis of some widely‐read magazines for the Victorian family: The Leisure Hour, Household Words, All the Year Round and Chambers's Journal. It looks at the quarter‐century between 1850 and 1875, i.e. a period following the 1848 revolution but preceding the period when Germany became fully ‘Wilhelmine’. These years seem less decisive than the final quarter of the century for transnational relations, but they were a period of intense cultural perception when more and more Britons of the middle classes were able to visit Germany, and when Germany's situation as a country on its way to a nation state began to attract the interest of the Victorian common reader.Publikumszeitschriften sind eine bislang vernachlässigte Quelle für die Unter‐suchung transkultureller Wahrnehmungen und Beziehungen im 19. Jahrhundert. Mit Reise‐ und topographischen Beiträgen diverser Autoren vermittelten Zeit‐schriften ein multiperspektivisches Bild der Welt. Gerade diese kaleidoskopische Sicht lässt die Komplexität der populären Wahrnehmung fremder Länder und transkultureller Beziehungen hervortreten. Der Artikel behandelt Deutschland als Fallstudie und analysiert seine Darstellung in vier führenden Familienzeitschriften des viktorianischen England (The Leisure Hour, Household Words, All the Year Round und Chambers's Journal). Er konzentriert sich auf den Zeitraum 1850–75, der der 1848‐Revolution folgte, aber dem Aufstieg des Wilhelminischen Deutschland vorausging. Auch wenn diese Phase für transnationale Beziehungen zwischen Britannien und Deutschland weniger entscheidend war als das letzte Viertel des Jahrhunderts, handelt es sich um eine Zeit der intensivierten kulturellen Wahrnehmung: immer mehr Briten aus den mittleren Schichten konnten nach Deutschland reisen, und die deutsche Situation eines Landes auf dem Weg zum Nationalstaat weckte zunehmend das Interesse des allgemeinen Lesepublikums.
THE MEMORIAL AS A MAGNIFYING GLASS: INTERPRETING THE STALIN PLAQUE IN VIENNA1
Authors: Kriza Elisa 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn 1949 the Austrian Communist Party (KPÖ) dedicated a memorial plaque to Stalin in Vienna. It commemorates his visit to the city while he wrote on the National Question in 1913. This plaque remains there until today. Because the memorial has lost its function in the communist cult of personality, this article offers an analysis of present‐day memory culture surrounding the plaque in order to understand its current function as place of memory. My point of departure is journalistic texts discussing the Stalin plaque written in Austria in the twenty‐first century. These repeat certain topoi and metaphors from transnational fictional and non‐fictional works about Stalin's life and about radicals in Vienna in 1913. I discuss the intertextuality of these texts and interpret their function. Although the plaque has its roots in Stalin's personality cult of the 1940s, most recent texts ignore this aspect. Instead, they recreate the episode of Stalin's life the memorial alludes to. The memorial thus functions as a magnifying glass, exposing details about the year 1913 when Stalin visited Vienna. Present‐day writing about the Stalin plaque often leads to discussions about who else lived in Vienna that year and about the fatefulness of the year before World War I.1949 errichtete die Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) eine Gedenktafel, die an den Wienbesuch Stalins im Jahr 1913 erinnert, bei dem Stalin an seinem Werk zur Nationalen Frage schrieb. Die Gedenktafel ist heute noch in Wien. Da sie heute nicht mehr dem Zweck des kommunistischen Personenkultes dient, analysiert dieser Aufsatz die aktuelle Erinnerungskultur um die Gedenktafel, um ihre zeitgenössische Funktion als Erinnerungsort zu verstehen. Den Ausgangspunkt bilden neuere österreichische publizistische Artikel über die Stalin‐Tafel. Diese wiederholen gewisse Topoi und Metaphern aus transnationaler Literatur (Belletristik und Sachwerke) über Stalins Leben und über die Radikalen im Wien des Jahres 1913. Ich erörtere die Intertextualität dieser Texte und interpretiere ihre Funktion. Obwohl die Gedenktafel ihre Ursprünge in Stalins Personenkult hat, ignorieren jüngere Texte diesen Aspekt. Stattdessen rekonstruieren sie den Lebensabschnitt Stalins, auf den sich die Tafel bezieht. Die Gedenktafel fungiert wie eine Lupe, die Details zu dem Jahr 1913 offenbart. Heutige Schriften zur Stalin‐Tafel diskutieren häufig die Schicksalhaftigkeit des letzten Jahres vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg und die Frage, wer sonst damals in Wien lebte.