bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant potential of fresh and stored lentil sprouts affected by elicitation with temperature stresses
Authors: Świeca Michał , Surdyka Magdalena , Gawlik‐Dziki Urszula , Złotek Urszula , Baraniak Barbara 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe effects of elicitation (induction at 4 °C and 40 °C; TC and TH, respectively) and postharvest storage on low‐molecular weight antioxidants and the antioxidant properties of lentil sprouts were evaluated. Elicitation affects the antioxidant content, bioactivity and potential bioaccessibility. Apart from 3‐day‐old TH sprouts, sprouts were characterised by higher levels of ascorbic acid (in comparison with controls and in fresh 4‐day‐old sprouts, its level was 51% and 46% higher for TC and TH, respectively). In comparison with the control, for 3‐day‐old fresh TC and TH sprouts, total phenolics were increased by 8.5% and 18.7%, respectively. Radical quenchers were highly bioaccessible. For TC sprouts, activity was 17% and 37% higher for 3‐ and 4‐day‐old sprouts, respectively. The metal chelating ability of chemical extracts from stored sprouts, except 4‐day‐old TC sprouts, was significantly elevated. The reducing and chelating power of potentially bioaccessible compounds of both fresh and stored sprouts did not differ significantly.
Implant‐Supported Fixed Dental Rehabilitation with Monolithic Zirconia: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Thalji Ghadeer N. , Cooper Lyndon F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveVeneer chipping in bilayered ceramic restorations is a current problem reported with significant frequency.Clinical ConsiderationsThis clinical report describes the use of a monolithic, implant‐supported restoration with gingiva‐colored ceramics. Good esthetic and functional results were achieved with no complications reported after 3 years.ConclusionsProsthetic rehabilitation using monolithic zirconia may help to prevent complications associated with bilayered ceramics systems. Further studies are essential to provide long‐term data about the performance of this type of prostheses.
Individuals with Exceptional Longevity Manifest a Delayed Association Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Milman Sofiya , Schulder‐Katz Micol , Deluty Jennifer , Zimmerman Molly E. , Crandall Jill P. , Barzilai Nir , Melamed Michal L. , Atzmon Gil 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo define vitamin D levels and their association with cognition in subjects with exceptional longevity.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity and long‐term care facilities.ParticipantsAshkenazi Jewish subjects (n = 253) with exceptional longevity, with comparison made to the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) participants aged 70 and older.MeasurementsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels were measured using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and clock drawing test (CDT: command and copy).ResultsThe median age of the Ashkenazi subjects was 97 (interquartile range (IQR) 95–104). Age‐associated rise in the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency, defined as a serum vitamin D level of less than 30 ng/mL, was noted in NHANES III (P = .001). In the Ashkenazi group with longevity, the rate of vitamin D insufficiency was comparable with that of the NHANES III participants, who were up to 25 years younger. In the cohort with exceptional longevity, 49% demonstrated cognitive impairment as assessed according to MMSE score (impaired cognition, median 9.5 IQR 0–24); normal cognition, median 29 (IQR 18–30) P < .001). Vitamin D insufficiency was more prevalent in those with impaired cognition, defined according to the MMSE (71.8% vs 57.7%, P = .02) and the CDT copy (84.6% vs. 50.6%, P = .02), than in those with normal cognition. This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment in logistic regression models for cognitive assessments made using the MMSE (odds ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–9.29, P = .03) and the CDT copy (OR = 8.96, 95% CI = 1.08–74.69, P = .04).ConclusionHigher vitamin D levels may be a marker of delayed aging, because they are associated with better cognitive function in people achieving exceptional longevity.
Effect of Tai Chi on Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wayne Peter M. , Walsh Jacquelyn N. , Taylor‐Piliae Ruth E. , Wells Rebecca E. , Papp Kathryn V. , Donovan Nancy J. , Yeh Gloria Y. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo summarize and critically evaluate research on the effects of Tai Chi on cognitive function in older adults.DesignSystematic review with meta‐analysis.SettingCommunity and residential care.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older (with the exception of one study) with and without cognitive impairment.MeasurementsCognitive ability using a variety of neuropsychological testing.ResultsTwenty eligible studies with a total of 2,553 participants were identified that met inclusion criteria for the systematic review; 11 of the 20 eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one was a prospective nonrandomized controlled study, four were prospective noncontrolled observational studies, and four were cross‐sectional studies. Overall quality of RCTs was modest, with three of 11 trials categorized as high risk of bias. Meta‐analyses of outcomes related to executive function in RCTs of cognitively healthy adults indicated a large effect size when Tai Chi participants were compared with nonintervention controls (Hedges' g = 0.90; P = .04) and a moderate effect size when compared with exercise controls (Hedges' g = 0.51; P = .003). Meta‐analyses of outcomes related to global cognitive function in RCTs of cognitively impaired adults, ranging from mild cognitive impairment to dementia, showed smaller but statistically significant effects when Tai Chi was compared with nonintervention controls (Hedges' g = 0.35; P = .004) and other active interventions (Hedges' g = 0.30; P = .002). Findings from nonrandomized studies add further evidence that Tai Chi may positively affect these and other domains of cognitive function.ConclusionTai Chi shows potential to enhance cognitive function in older adults, particularly in the realm of executive functioning and in individuals without significant impairment. Larger and methodologically sound trials with longer follow‐up periods are needed before more‐definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Hospitalization of Elderly Medicaid Long‐Term Care Users Who Transition from Nursing Homes
Authors: Wysocki Andrea , Kane Robert L. , Dowd Bryan , Golberstein Ezra , Lum Terry , Shippee Tetyana 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesTo compare hospitalizations of dually eligible older adults who had an extended Medicaid nursing home (NH) stay and transitioned out to receive Medicaid home‐ and community‐based services (HCBS) with hospitalizations of those who remained in the NH.DesignRetrospective matched cohort study using Medicaid and Medicare claims and NH assessment data.SettingCommunity (receiving Medicaid HCBS) or NH.ParticipantsDually eligible fee‐for‐service beneficiaries aged 65 and older in Arkansas, Florida, Minnesota, New Mexico, Texas, Vermont, and Washington from 2003 to 2005. Individuals who had a Medicaid NH stay of at least 90 days and transitioned to Medicaid HCBS (N = 1,169) were matched to individuals who had a Medicaid NH stay of at least 90 days and remained in the NH (N = 1,169).MeasurementsPotentially preventable hospitalizations (defined according to ambulatory‐care‐sensitive conditions) and all hospitalizations were examined.ResultsCox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of hospitalization between the groups, accounting for the differing time at risk and censoring. Being a NH transitioner increased the hazard of experiencing a potentially preventable hospitalization by 40% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01–1.93) over remaining in the NH. NH transitioners had a 58% (95% CI = 1.32–1.91) greater risk of experiencing any type of hospitalization than NH stayers.ConclusionIndividuals who transitioned from the NH to HCBS had a greater risk of hospitalization. Most of the attention in long‐term care transition programs has been focused on NH readmission, but programs encouraging NH transition should recognize that individuals may be at greater risk for hospitalization after returning to the community. Planning for the medical needs of individuals who transition from an extended NH stay may improve their posttransition outcomes.
Management of ED under the “Severe Distress” Criteria in the NHS: A Real-Life Study
Authors: Mohee Amar , Bretsztajn Laure , Storey Anne , Eardley Ian 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Introduction
The United Kingdom is unusual in that a significant proportion of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) have their treatment fully reimbursed by the National Health Service (NHS). This may have consequences for the choice of treatment and for compliance with treatment.

Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use and cost implications of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor in an NHS setting.

Methods
Basic demographics and data on ED management for patients treated from January 2000 to April 2011 were obtained from a prospectively accrued database. We reviewed drug usage and costs as well as switching between drugs. Patients were given the choice of all available therapies and were followed up annually.

Main Outcome Measures
Switching, compliance, and costs of treating ED under the “severe distress” criteria in the NHS were reviewed for this study.

Results
Two thousand one hundred fifty-nine patients qualified for reimbursed therapy. Two hundred twenty-six patients were excluded from further analysis owing to missing data. Patients were followed up on an annual basis. The mean patient age was 60.2 years (min 23, max 90), and the mean follow-up was 50.8 months (min 1, max 127). Six hundred ninety-six were started on sildenafil, 990 on tadalafil, 163 on vardenafil, and 84 on intracavernosal alprostadil. Eighteen percent of patients initially started on the scheme and stopped medication unilaterally. Of the patients, 12.3% changed their medication during follow-up. The cost of drugs increased year by year from £257,100 in 2007 to £352,519 in 2011.

Conclusions
Our real-life observational study shows that in our institution, dropout of therapy is unusual. We hypothesize that this reflects, in part, the reimbursement issue. We also found that switching between drugs was unusual, although there are several possible explanations for that. Although this is a successful system for the patients, the hospital, which bears the costs of medication, is finding this an increasing economic drain.
Social Capital and Collective Memory: A Complex Relationship
Authors: Puntscher Sibylle , Hauser Christoph , Pichler Karin , Tappeiner Gottfried 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe purpose of these analyses is to investigate collective memory, i.e. the shared historical experiences of a community, as driving force for contemporary social capital. Three societal characteristics are considered proxies for collective memory: the current institutional framework as indicator for present common experiences; the cultural attitudes as proxy for long‐term developments; and severe shocks in the history of the regions. The primary aim is thus to understand whether collective memory permits identification of not only the effects of recent (i.e. institutional) or distant (i.e. cultural) on‐going experiences, but also of the impact of such relevant shocks. For this purpose, a comprehensive case study is conducted within a cross‐border research area with special historical development, where it is possible to discriminate between these three indicators of collective memory.The findings suggest a significant impact of collective memory on social capital endowment. Particularly striking shocks are sustained in the collective memory of a community, influencing its behavior even long after the incident occurred. As a consequence, especially the levels of social trust and networking of the affected population are significantly influenced, such that the community develops protective measures in order to secure its norms, values and traditions. As a result, the social capital of a population is heavily influenced by events that occurred outside living memory.
New scoring system for prediction of microvascular invasion in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shirabe Ken , Toshima Takeo , Kimura Koichi , Yamashita Yoichi , Ikeda Tetsuo , Ikegami Toru , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Abe Koichiro , Aishima Shinichi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThe microvascular invasion of cancer cells (mvi) is a good prognostic factor after hepatic resection (HR) and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to predict mvi in patients with HCC.MethodsWe studied 63 hepatectomized patients with HCC who had HCC without any extrahepatic metastases and vascular invasion, which were detected during preoperative evaluation. The preoperative clinicopathological data of these patients were analysed to predict presence of mvi. A scoring system was designed using significant risk factors. This system was applied to another series of 34 patients with HCC who underwent HR, and was evaluated for validation.ResultsTumour size, serum des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) levels and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on 2‐[18F]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose positron emission tomography were independent clinical predictors for mvi after multivariate analyses. Tumour size, serum DCP levels, and values of SUVmax were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic curve for predicting mvi. Areas under the curve of tumour size, serum DCP levels and SUV max values, were 0.8652, 0.8027 and 0.7848 respectively. Maximal sensitivity and specificity were obtained when the tumour size was 3.6 cm, SUVmax was 4.2, and the serum DCP level was 101 mAU/ml. A scoring system was designed using these three variables. The sensitivity and specificity of our scoring system were 100% and 90.9%, respectively, in the validation test.ConclusionOur scoring system for mvi, consisting of tumour size, serum DCP levels, and SUV max, provides a precise prediction of mvi.
Long‐term outcome in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection after HBsAg seroclearance
Authors: Lauret Eugenia , González‐Diéguez María L. , Rodríguez Mercedes , González Marta , Melón Santiago , Rodrigo Luis , Rodríguez Manuel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsThe natural course after hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not well‐defined. To investigate the clinical characteristics and outcome in a series of European Caucasian patients with chronic HBV infection according to HBsAg response over time.MethodsA total of 612 patients with compensated chronic HBV infection and without other cause of liver disease were prospectively followed up. Seventy‐eight subjects cleared HBsAg and 534 remained HBsAg‐positive. Clinical and virological examinations were periodically performed and development of cirrhosis and liver‐related complications was monitored during a mean follow‐up time of 9.9 years.ResultsAfter HBsAg seroclearance, serum HBV DNA was undetectable in 38 patients in whom it was tested and HBsAg reappearance was observed in two subjects (2.6%). At 15 years of follow‐up, the cumulative probability of developing a liver‐related complication was 11.6% in HBsAg‐positive patients and 1.8% in those with HBsAg loss (P = 0.03), although this benefit was limited to patients with cirrhosis (P < 0.001) and to those who received therapy (P < 0.01). Among patients without cirrhosis and among those who did not receive therapy, the probability was not different between those who cleared the HBsAg and those who did not (P = 0.3 and P = 0.5 respectively).ConclusionHepatitis B surface antigen loss confers a significant clinical benefit in Caucasian subjects with HBV‐related cirrhosis and in those with chronic HBV infection who receive antiviral therapy. However, HBsAg reappearance can be observed in selected cases.
Targeted inhibition of the FGF19‐FGFR4 pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma; translational safety considerations
Authors: Mellor Howard R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related death and new therapies are urgently required to treat this disease. Recent data suggest that the FGF19‐FGFR4 axis may be a key driver in certain forms of HCC, making the pathway an interesting, emerging molecular target for potential therapeutic intervention. A complication is that, outside of malignant disease, FGFR4 plays an important physiological role in the regulation of hepatic bile acid (BA) synthesis. FGF19 signalling via FGFR4 suppresses de novo BA production in the liver, tightly maintaining hepatic and systemic levels of these detergent‐like molecules at a physiological threshold and preventing pathological complications of raised BA levels, such as cholestatic liver injury and bile acid diarrhoea. In some cases of HCC, the malignant disease causes bile duct obstruction, preventing BA secretion from the liver and resulting in cholestasis. Here, the role of FGFR4 signalling in both HCC and BA homoeostasis is discussed. The potential effects of therapeutic FGF19‐FGFR4 inhibition on human hepatobiliary/gastrointestinal physiology are considered along with the potential safety implications of FGF19‐FGFR4 blockade in patients with HCC.
Greek adolescents' views of people with mental illness through drawings: mental health education's impact
Authors: Sakellari Evanthia , Lehtonen Kimmo , Sourander Andre , Kalokerinou‐Anagnostopoulou Athena , Leino‐Kilpi Helena 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPeople with mental illness are among the most stigmatized and discriminated against as a result of lack of knowledge among the public. Our study explored adolescents' perceptions of people with mental illness through drawings, described these perceptions, and tested the possible changes in perceptions after an educational mental health intervention. Drawings were collected before and after an educational mental health intervention from 59 Greek secondary school students. One group of participants served as the experimental group and received the educational mental health intervention. Content analysis of the drawings was used to analyze data. The drawings provided a clear understanding of adolescents' perceptions towards people with mental illness. After the educational mental health intervention the negative elements presenting the people with mental illness were less among the experimental group, while the drawings among the comparison group did not change. The findings support that educational mental health intervention can have a positive impact on adolescents' perceptions towards people with mental illness. Health professionals can use the findings of our study in order to develop and implement similar interventions.
New rodents (Cricetidae) from the Neogene of Curaçao and Bonaire, Dutch Antilles
Authors: Zijlstra Jelle S. , McFarlane Donald A. , Van Den Hoek Ostende Lars W. , Lundberg Joyce 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCordimus, a new genus of cricetid rodent, is described from Neogene deposits on the islands of Curaçao and Bonaire, Dutch Antilles. The genus is characterized by strongly cuspidate molars, the presence of mesolophs in most upper molars and the absence of mesolophids in lower molars. Similarities with the early cricetid Copemys from the Miocene of North America coupled with apparent derived characters shared with the subfamily Sigmodontinae suggest that Cordimus may be close to the root of the sigmodontine lineage, a possibility that remains to be tested through explicit phylogenetic analysis. Three species are recognized on the basis of size and details of molar morphology. Cordimus hooijeri sp. nov. is described from Bonaire on the basis of Holocene owl pellet material that consists of dentaries and postcranial material only. This species is presumed to be extinct, but focused surveys are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Cordimus debuisonjei sp. nov. and Cordimus raton sp. nov. are described from deposits on Tafelberg Santa Barbara in Curaçao. Although the age of these deposits is not known, they are most likely of late Pliocene or early Pleistocene age. Both are represented by numerous isolated molars and some osteological material.
TREM‐2 Promotes Macrophage‐Mediated Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a PI3K/Akt Pathway
Authors: Zhu M. , Li D. , Wu Y. , Huang X. , Wu M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM‐2) is a cell surface receptor abundantly expressed on myeloid lineage cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. It is reported that TREM‐2 functions as an inflammatory inhibitor in macrophages and dendritic cells. However, the role of TREM‐2 in bacterial killing remains unclear. This study explored the role of TREM‐2 in bacterial eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), a Gram‐negative bacterium which causes various opportunistic infections. Phagocytosis assay assessed by flow cytometry suggested that TREM‐2 was not involved in the uptake of PA by macrophages, while bacterial plate count data showed that TREM‐2 was required for macrophage‐mediated intracellular killing of PA. Moreover, our results demonstrated that TREM‐2 promoted macrophage killing by enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS), but not nitric oxygen (NO) production. Treatment with N‐acetylcysteine, a ROS scavenger, diminished the TREM‐2‐mediated intracellular killing of PA. To further investigate the underlined mechanisms of TREM‐2‐promoted bacterial killing, we examined the activation of downstream mitogen‐activated protein kinases and PI3K/Akt pathway. Western blot data showed that silencing of TREM‐2 inhibited phosphorylation of Akt, but not ERK, JNK or P38. In addition, pretreatment with PI3K active product PIP3 DiC16 reversed the elevation of intracellular bacterial load in TREM‐2‐silenced macrophages, while PI3K inhibitor wortmannin restored the decline of bacterial load in TREM‐2‐overexpressed macrophages. These data together suggested that the TREM‐2‐mediated bacterial killing is dependent on the activation of PI3K/Akt signalling, which may provide a better understanding of the host antibacterial immune defence.
Responses: Toward an Antiracist Pedagogy
Authors: Floerke Scheid Anna , Vasko Elisabeth T. , Teel Karen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe authors respond here to each other's essays published in this issue of the journal. In “Holding Us Accountable,” Anna Floerke Scheid and Elisabeth T. Vasko respond to Karen Teel's essay, “Getting Out of the Left Lane.” In “Challenges and Convergences,” Karen Teel responds to the essay “Teaching Race” by Anna Floerke Scheid and Elisabeth T. Vasko.
The Devil in Mr. Smith: A Conversation with Jonathan Z. Smith
Authors: Smith Jonathan Z. , Pearson Thomas , Gallagher Eugene V. , Jensen Tim , Fujiwara Satoko 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis interview was recorded in November 2012 in Jonathan Z. Smith's Hyde Park graystone. Professor Smith offers insights into how he thinks about his classroom teaching and his students' learning through descriptions of various assignments and classroom activities he has developed over more than forty years of teaching. The discussion ranges broadly over such topics as: how students read, the failure to adequately prepare graduate students as teachers, students' faith commitments, the use of newspapers (and humor) in the classroom, and the role of definition, de‐familiarization, and critique of the study of religion in introductory classes. The discussion presents vivid glimpses into Jonathan Smith's teaching practice and his teaching persona, including the time a student brought a minister to class to do an exorcism because she thought he was the Devil.