bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative evaluation of three industrial robots using three reference measuring techniques
Authors: Slamani Mohamed , Joubair Ahmed , Bonev Ilian A. 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a technique for assessing and comparing the static and dynamic performance of three different models of small six-axis industrial robots using a Renishaw XL80 laser interferometer system, a FARO ION laser tracker and a Renishaw QC20-W telescoping ballbar.

Design/methodology/approach
– Specific test methods are proposed in this work, and each robot has been measured in a similar area of its working envelope. The laser interferometer measurement instrument is used to assess the static positioning performance along three linear and orthogonal paths. The laser tracker is used to assess the contouring performance at different tool center point (TCP) speeds along a triangular tool path, whereas the telescoping ballbar is used to assess the dynamic positioning performance for circular paths at different TCP speeds and trajectory radii.

Findings
– It is found that the tested robots behave differently, and that the static accuracy of these non-calibrated robots varies between 0.5 and 2.3 mm. On the other hand, results show that these three robots can provide acceptable corner tracking at low TCP speeds. However, a significant overshoot at the corner is observed at high TCP speed for all the robots tested. It was also found that the smallest increment of Cartesian displacement (Cartesian resolution) that can be taken by the tested robots is approximately 50 μm.

Practical implications
– The technique used in this paper allows extremely accurate diagnosis of the robot performance, which makes it possible for the robot user to determine whether the robot is in good or bad condition. It can also help the decision-maker to select the most suitable industrial robot to achieve the desired task with minimum cost and specific application ability.

Originality/value
– This paper proposed a new method based on the performance verification approach for solving the robot selection problem for flexible manufacturing systems. Furthermore, despite their importance, bidirectional repeatability and Cartesian resolution are never specified by the manufacturers of industrial robots nor are they described in the ISO 9283:1998 guide, and they are rarely the object of performance assessments. In this work, specific tests are performed to check and quantify the bidirectional repeatability and the Cartesian resolution of each robot.
Institutional judo: how entrepreneurs use institutional forces to create change
Authors: Hansen Hans , Randolph Angela , Chen Shawna , Robinson Robert E. , Marin Alejandra , Lee Jae Hwan 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine an entrepreneur’s attempt to gain legitimacy and change institutions in a multiple institutions setting.Design/methodology/approach– The authors conducted a qualitative case study to track an entrepreneur’s efforts to create a new financial instrument and get it accepted and traded on the New York Stock Exchange.Findings– The authors introduce the concept of institutional judo, analogous to the martial art where a fighter uses his opponent’s forces against him. While institutional theory has focussed on how institutional pressures force actors to conform, the term judo refers to an actor using institutional pressures to their advantage in changing those very institutions.Research limitations/implications– This qualitative research involves a single case study, but is most suited to revealing extensions of theory and subtle processes.Practical implications– The approach allowed the authors to provide a nuanced look at the actual change efforts by an entrepreneur to gain legitimacy.Social implications– This study provides a nuanced look at actual attempts to change institutions.Originality/value– Institutional judo offers a new change mechanism within institutional theory.
Gliotoxin – bane or boon?
Authors: Scharf Daniel H. , Brakhage Axel A. , Mukherjee Prasun K. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryGliotoxin (GT) is the most important epidithiodioxopiperazine (ETP)‐type fungal toxin. GT was originally isolated from Trichoderma species as an antibiotic substance involved in biological control of plant pathogenic fungi. A few isolates of GT‐producing Trichoderma virens are commercially marketed for biological control and widely used in agriculture. Furthermore, GT is long known as an immunosuppressive agent and also reported to have anti‐tumour properties. However, recent publications suggest that GT is a virulence determinant of the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. This compound is thus important on several counts – it has medicinal properties, is a pathogenicity determinant, is a potential diagnostic marker and is important in biological crop protection. The present article addresses this paradox and the ecological role of GT. We discuss the function of GT as defence molecule, the role in aspergillosis and suggest solutions for safe application of Trichoderma‐based biofungicides.
Hormonal contraceptive use before hCG remission does not increase the risk of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia following complete hydatidiform mole: a historical database review
Authors: Braga A , Maestá I , Short D , Savage P , Harvey R , Seckl MJ 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo re‐evaluate the safety of hormonal contraceptives (HC) after uterine evacuation of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM).DesignHistorical database review.SettingCharing Cross Hospital Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, London, United Kingdom.PopulationTwo thousand four hundred and twenty‐three women with CHM of whom 154 commenced HC while their human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was still elevated, followed between 2003 and 2012.MethodsWe compared time to hCG remission between HC users and nonusers. The relationship between HC use and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) development was assessed. The relationship between HC use and a high International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) risk score was determined.Main outcome measuresTime to hCG remission, risk of developing postmolar GTN and proportion of women with high FIGO risk score.ResultsNo relationship was observed between HC use with mean time to hCG remission (HC users versus non‐users: 12 weeks in both, P = 0.19), GTN development (HC users versus non‐users: 20.1 and 16.7%, P = 0.26) or high‐risk FIGO score (HC users versus nonusers: 0% and 8%, P = 0.15). Moreover, no association between HC and GTN development was found, even when an age‐adjusted model was used (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 0.91–2.08, P = 0.13).ConclusionsThe use of current HC is not associated with development of postmolar GTN or delayed time to hCG remission. Therefore, HC can be safely used to prevent a new conception following CHM regardless of hCG level.Tweetable abstractNon‐concurrent cohort study to re‐evaluate the safety of low dose HCs after uterine evacuation of CHM.
Preparation and Characterization of Composites Based on Polylactic Acid and Beeswax with Improved Water Vapor Barrier Properties
Authors: Lim Jung Hoon , Kim Jeong Ae , Ko Jung A , Park Hyun Jin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBeeswax and a plasticizer (ATBC) were added to polylactic acid (PLA) films in order to enhance the water vapor barrier properties of the films. Beeswax improved the barrier properties; the water vapor permeability in the composite containing 1% beeswax was 58% lower than that of the neat PLA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the incorporation of beeswax and ATBC had so little effect on the PLA structure. In addition, the structure of PLA did not vary substantially with the additions. The surfaces of the composites were examined by using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the degree of crystallinity of the PLA films increased with the addition of beeswax and ATBC. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites containing beeswax were up to approximately 50% lower than those of the neat PLA. Although further study is needed to improve the mechanical properties, the aforementioned results showed that the PLA barrier properties can be improved by the incorporation of a small amount of beeswax and ATBC.
Biocontrol of Postharvest Anthracnose of Mango Fruit with Debaryomyces Nepalensis and Effects on Storage Quality and Postharvest Physiology
Authors: Luo Shanshan , Wan Bin , Feng Shuhan , Shao Yuanzhi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAnthracnose is presently recognized as one of the most important postharvest disease of mango worldwide. To control the disease, chemical fungicides for a long time was widely used among fruit farmers, but recently found that pathogen had developed increasingly resistance to it. With people's growing desire of healthy and green food, finding new and environmentally friendly biological control approach was very necessary. In this paper, we provided a kind of new antagonistic yeast which enriched the strain resources and the efficacy of Debaryomyces nepalensis against postharvest anthracnose of mango fruit and the influence on quality parameters were investigated. The results showed that the decay incidence and lesion diameter of postharvest anthracnose of mango treated by D. nepalensis were significantly reduced compared with the control fruit stored at 25 °C for 30 d or at 15 °C for 40 d, and the higher concentration of D. nepalensis was, the better the efficacy of the biocontrol was. Study also found that 1 h was the best treatment duration and antagonistic yeast inoculated earlier had good biocontrol effect on anthracnose. Meanwhile, treatment by D. nepalensis could significantly reduce postharvest anthracnose of mango, delay the decrease in firmness, TSS, TA, and ascorbic acid value, and do not impair surface color during postharvest storage. Moreover, the increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) content and increase in cell membrane permeability of fruit treated by D. nepalensis was highly inhibited. The results suggested D. nepalensis treatment could not only maintain storage quality of mango fruit, but also decrease the decay incidence to anthracnose disease. All these results indicated that D. nepalensis has great potential for development of commercial formulations to control postharvest pathogens of mango fruit.
Successful treatment with intravenous high‐dose immunoglobulin for cardiomyopathy in dermatomyositis complicated with rapid progressive interstitial pneumonia
Authors: Yoshimatsu Yuki , Kotani Takuya , Fujiki Youhei , Oda Katsuhiro , Kataoka Toshiya , Yamairi Kazushi , Hata Kenichiro , Otani Kenichiro , Kamimori Takao , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCardiomyopathy and rapid progressive interstitial pneumonia (IP) are potentially fatal complications in polymyositis/dermatomyositis. We experienced a dermatomyositis patient with multiple adverse prognostic factors, complicating rapid progressive IP, macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and cardiomyopathy. IP and MAS improved with strong immunosuppressive therapy, despite which cardiomyopathy developed. Therefore, we applied intravenous high‐dose immunoglobulin therapy (IVIg), and cardiac function improved dramatically. This is the first report to present the effectiveness of IVIg for cardiomyopathy in dermatomyositis.
An observational study of the ‘isolated forearm technique’ in unparalysed, spontaneously breathing patients
Authors: Pandit J. J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe isolated forearm technique enables a patient, otherwise paralysed by neuromuscular blockade, to communicate by movement if wakeful during surgery. The positive response rate to verbal command is high (~32%). The 5th National Audit Project recommended that this monitoring technique should become more widely taught and considered, so this study was designed to assess its utility as a standard of care in unparalysed patients. A positive response rate as high as in the paralysed would justify local adoption. Therefore, 100 consecutive patients undergoing urology surgery were given verbal commands to move at two‐minute intervals from induction of anaesthesia (fentanyl and propofol) to full emergence and extubation of the supraglottic airway. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen/nitrous oxide. Although 24 patients moved during surgery (and therefore needed additional anaesthetic), none moved to verbal command. Even at extubation, when patients moved to expel the airway, there was no response to command until after wakening. These results suggest that in contrast to its use in paralysed patients, the isolated forearm technique does not yield useful information about the patient's state of wakefulness in the unparalysed. Another interpretation is that unparalysed patients are less prone to wakefulness than the paralysed.
Antiarrhythmic Action of Flecainide in Polymorphic Ventricular Arrhythmias Caused by a Gain‐of‐Function Mutation in the Nav1.5 Sodium Channel
Authors: Amarouch Mohamed Y. , Swan Heikki , Leinonen Jaakko , Marjamaa Annukka , Lahtinen Annukka M. , Kontula Kimmo , Toivonen Lauri , Widen Elisabeth , Abriel Hugues 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe cardiac sodium channel Nav1.5, encoded by the gene SCN5A, is associated with a wide spectrum of hereditary arrhythmias. The gain‐of‐function mutation p.I141V in SCN5A was identified in a large multigenerational family with exercise‐induced polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the molecular and clinical effects of flecainide administration on patients with this syndrome.MethodsEleven p.I141V carriers who exhibited frequent multiformic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) during exercise were subjected to exercise stress tests, both before and after intravenous infusion of 2 mg/kg flecainide. The in vitro effects of flecainide were evaluated using the patch‐clamp technique with HEK293 cells expressing the Nav1.5 channel.ResultsThe flecainide treatment significantly reduced the frequency of PVCs during and after exercise. Next, the sensitivity of the p.I141V mutant channel to flecainide was compared to that of the wild type channel. Perfusion of flecainide inhibited the peak and window currents in both groups.ConclusionThe clinical investigations of the affected patients, as well as the molecular and pharmacological characterization of the SCN5A p.I141V mutation, provide new evidence supporting the association of this mutation with exercise‐induced polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. These data also demonstrate that flecainide may serve as an effective treatment for the defect in Nav1.5 that leads to an increased sodium window current.
Linking historical land use to present vegetation and soil characteristics under slash‐and‐burn cultivation in Madagascar
Authors: Randrianarison Andry , Schlaepfer Rodolphe , Mills Robert , Hervé Dominique , Razanaka Samuel , Rakotoarimanana Vonjison , Carrière Stéphanie M. , Buttler Alexandre 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimIn this paper, we link historical land use of cultivated parcels formerly slashed and burnt, with current secondary vegetation and soil characteristics, in the region of evergreen rain forest in Madagascar. Aim is to understand the legacy effect of former cultivation practices in order to optimize slash‐and‐burn cultivation.LocationForest corridor of Fianarantsoa, southeast Madagascar.MethodsWe examined three study sites to capture the ecological range in the forest corridor of Fianarantsoa. At each site, we selected formerly hand‐cultivated parcels since first forest clearing so as to represent up to four classes of age of abandonment, encompassing forest fallow periods after cultivation of 0–5, 6–10, 11–20 and 21–30 yrs. These parcels served for selection of 50 plots. Interviews were conducted with each farmer to document former cultivation practices of the parcels, and from these, land‐use metrics were calculated. Vegetation was surveyed in the plots and soil samples were taken and analysed for chemical and physical properties of the organo‐mineral layer (horizon A).ResultsWe found that soil properties, such as pH, have higher values with an increasing number of cultivation cycles and duration of cultivation, and that this trend is inversely related to exchangeable P. C/N ratio is correlated to age of abandonment, and inversely related to soil N content. With increasing age of abandonment, species richness and diversity increase due mainly to an increase in ligneous species. The number of herbaceous and fern species increases with duration of cultivation and number of cultivation cycles.ConclusionHistorical land use has had a lasting effect on vegetation and even longer‐term effect on soils. Different land‐use variables explain soil and vegetation characteristics of the current secondary forest. The ability of soils to recover P appears unrelated to abandonment duration, suggesting that longer periods of time are required to recover P fertility, or that secondary vegetation is shifting the pool of nutrients into biomass. Our results point to the need for a management regime that would maintain both scattered trees and patches of a grass layer, since this might be key to promoting both biodiversity and soil restoration.
Flexible Behavioral Capture–Recapture Modeling
Authors: Alunni Fegatelli Danilo , Tardella Luca 
Published: October 2015

Summary
We develop alternative strategies for building and fitting parametric capture–recapture models for closed populations which can be used to address a better understanding of behavioral patterns. In the perspective of transition models, we first rely on a conditional probability parameterization. A large subset of standard capture–recapture models can be regarded as a suitable partitioning in equivalence classes of the full set of conditional probability parameters. We exploit a regression approach combined with the use of new suitable summaries of the conditioning binary partial capture histories as a device for enlarging the scope of behavioral models and also exploring the range of all possible partitions. We show how one can easily find unconditional MLE of such models within a generalized linear model framework. We illustrate the potential of our approach with the analysis of some known datasets and a simulation study.
Genetic Alterations in Gliosarcoma and Giant Cell Glioblastoma
Authors: Oh Ji Eun , Ohta Takashi , Nonoguchi Naosuke , Satomi Kaishi , Capper David , Pierscianek Daniela , Sure Ulrich , Vital Anne , Paulus Werner , Mittelbronn Michel , Antonelli Manila , Kleihues Paul , Giangaspero Felice , Ohgaki Hiroko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe majority of glioblastomas develop rapidly with a short clinical history (primary glioblastoma IDH wild‐type), whereas secondary glioblastomas progress from diffuse astrocytoma or anaplastic astrocytoma. IDH mutations are the genetic hallmark of secondary glioblastomas. Gliosarcomas and giant cell glioblastomas are rare histological glioblastoma variants, which usually develop rapidly. We determined the genetic patterns of 36 gliosarcomas and 19 giant cell glioblastomas. IDH1 and IDH2 mutations were absent in all 36 gliosarcomas and in 18 of 19 giant cell glioblastomas analyzed, indicating that they are histological variants of primary glioblastoma. Furthermore, LOH 10q (88%) and TERT promoter mutations (83%) were frequent in gliosarcomas. Copy number profiling using the 450k methylome array in 5 gliosarcomas revealed CDKN2A homozygous deletion (3 cases), trisomy chromosome 7 (2 cases), and monosomy chromosome 10 (2 cases). Giant cell glioblastomas had LOH 10q in 50% and LOH 19q in 42% of cases. ATRX loss was detected immunohistochemically in 19% of giant cell glioblastomas, but absent in 17 gliosarcomas. These and previous results suggest that gliosarcomas are a variant of, and genetically similar to, primary glioblastomas, except for a lack of EGFR amplification, while giant cell glioblastoma occupies a hybrid position between primary and secondary glioblastomas.
Rapid Liana Colonization along a Secondary Forest Chronosequence
Authors: Barry Kathryn E. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , van Breugel Michiel , Hall Jefferson S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLianas (woody vines) can have profound effects on tree recruitment, growth, survival, and diversity in tropical forests. However, the dynamics of liana colonization soon after land abandonment are poorly understood, and thus it is unknown whether lianas alter tree regeneration early in succession. We examined the liana community in 43 forests that ranged from 1 to 31 yr old in central Panama to determine how fast lianas colonize young forests and how the liana community changes with forest succession. We found that lianas reached high densities early in succession, commonly exceeding 1000 stems/ha within the first 5 yr of forest regeneration. Lianas also increased rapidly during early succession in terms of basal area but did not show evidence of saturation within the 30 yr of our chronosequence. The relative contribution of lianas to total woody plant community in terms of basal area and density increased rapidly and reached a saturation point within 5 yr (basal area) to 15 yr (density) after land abandonment. Our data demonstrate that lianas recruit early and in high density in tropical forest regeneration, and thus lianas may have a large effect on the way in which secondary forests develop both early and throughout succession.
Do Collared Peccaries Negatively Impact Understory Insectivorous Rain Forest Birds Indirectly Via Lianas and Vines?
Authors: Michel Nicole L. , Carson Walter P. , Sherry Thomas W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTropical rain forest understory insectivorous birds are declining, even in large forest reserves, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. Abundant large mammals can reshape forest structure, which degrades foraging microhabitat. We used six sites in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and Panama with varying collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) density to test three linked hypotheses: (1) locally declining understory insectivores forage preferentially in liana tangles; (2) vine and liana density, cover, and frequency of dense tangles are lower in the presence of abundant collared peccaries; and consequently (3) abundant collared peccaries are associated with reduced understory insectivorous bird abundance. Three insectivores that declined at La Selva preferentially foraged in liana tangles: Checker‐throated Antwren (Epinecrophylla fulviventris), Dot‐winged Antwren (Microrhopias quixensis), and Ruddy‐tailed Flycatcher (Terenotriccus erythrurus). Vine density, liana cover, liana tangle frequency, and forest cover were lower in the presence of collared peccaries relative to experimental mammal exclosures, with the greatest differences at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Across sites, five of seven vine and liana measures showed negative, curvilinear relationships with peccary densities. Vine and liana measures peaked at sites with intermediate peccary density, and were low at La Selva. Structural equation models suggest negative indirect effects of the collared peccaries on focal bird densities, mediated by vine and liana density, cover, or tangle frequency. Forest area and rainfall affected both lianas and birds, but collared peccaries also contributed to the reduced abundance of understory insectivores. Indirect effects such as that suggested here may occur even in large, protected forest reserves where large mammal communities are changing.