bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Hand-Held XRF for investigating the composition and corrosion of Roman copper-alloyed artefacts
Authors: Fernandes Ricardo , van Os Bertil JH , Huisman Hans DJ 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The study of archaeological artefacts using deployed in situ analytical instruments presents some obvious advantages. Including, obtaining an immediate feedback that can be used to redefine in real-time fieldwork strategies. Ideally analytical field instruments should also have characteristics that limit damage to the studied artefact.
Here, we present a case study on the use of a Hand Held XRF (HH XRF) device employed to define the composition of copper-alloyed artefacts retrieved from the Roman military site of Fectio in the vicinity of Vechten (The Netherlands). The goals of the study were to establish artefact preservation status, to investigate artefact elemental composition, and to compare the composition of artefact corrosion layer and uncorroded core.
The results showed that the objects were in an overall good preservation state. Decuprification and dezincification represented the probable main corrosion processes resulting in the formation of smooth corrosion layers or patinas. The major elemental composition of the artefacts’ uncorroded cores showed a wide-range variability most likely associated with recycling practices of scrap metal during the 3rd century CE.
Expression of PIK3CA, PTEN mRNA and PIK3CA mutations in primary breast cancer: association with lymph node metastases
Authors: Palimaru Irina , Brügmann Anja , Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Nexo Ebba , Sorensen Boe Sandahl 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Purpose
High activity of the intracellular phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is common in breast cancer. Here, we explore differences in expression of important PI3K pathway regulators: the activator, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), and the tumour suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), in breast carcinoma tissue and normal breast tissue. Furthermore, we examine whether expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA and occurrence of PIK3CA mutations are associated with lymph node metastases in patients with primary breast cancer.

Methods
Paired tissue samples of breast carcinoma and normal breast tissue were obtained from 175 breast cancer patients at the time of primary surgery, of these 105 patients were lymph node positive. Expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA was quantified with Quantitative Real Time PCR. Somatic mutations in exon 9 and exon 20 of the PIK3CA gene were identified by genotyping.

Results
Both PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA expression was significantly increased in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal breast tissue (p = 2 × 10-11) and (p < 0.001), respectively. PIK3CA mutations were present in 68 out of 175 patients (39%), but were not associated with PIK3CA expression (p = 0.59). Expression of PIK3CA and PTEN mRNA, and PIK3CA mutations in breast carcinomas were not associated with presence of lymph node metastases.

Conclusions
The expression of PTEN and PIK3CA mRNA is increased in breast carcinoma tissue compared to normal breast tissue, and PIK3CA mutations are frequent in primary breast carcinoma, however these factors were not associated with lymph node metastases.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Propylthiouracil prevents cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the reactive oxygen species murine model of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Bagnato Gianluca , Bitto Alessandra , Irrera Natasha , Pizzino Gabriele , Sangari Donatella , Cinquegrani Maurizio , Roberts William Neal , Atteritano Marco , Altavilla Domenica , Squadrito Francesco , Bagnato Gianfilippo , Saitta Antonino 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Recent advances suggest that the cellular redox state may play a significantrole in the progression of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Another,and as yet poorly accounted for, feature of SSc is its overlap with thyroidabnormalities. Previous reports demonstrate that hypothyroidism reducesoxidant stress. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the effectof propylthiouracil (PTU), and of the hypothyroidism induced by it, on thedevelopment of cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in the oxidant stress murinemodel of SSc.

Methods
Chronic oxidant stress SSc was induced in BALB/c mice by daily subcutaneousinjections of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for 6 weeks. Mice (n = 25)were randomized into three arms: HOCl (n = 10), HOCl plus PTU(n = 10) or vehicle alone (n = 5). PTU administrationwas initiated 30 minutes after HOCl subcutaneous injection and continueddaily for 6 weeks. Skin and lung fibrosis were evaluated by histologicmethods. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in cutaneous and pulmonary tissues was performed to evaluatemyofibroblast differentiation. Lung and skin concentrations of vascularendothelial growth factor (VEGF), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK),rat sarcoma protein (Ras), Ras homolog gene family (Rho), and transforminggrowth factor (TGF) β were analyzed by Western blot.

Results
Injections of HOCl induced cutaneous and lung fibrosis in BALB/c mice. PTUtreatment prevented both dermal and pulmonary fibrosis. Myofibroblastdifferentiation was also inhibited by PTU in the skin and lung. The increasein cutaneous and pulmonary expression of VEGF, ERK, Ras, and Rho in micetreated with HOCl was significantly prevented in mice co-administered////with PTU.

Conclusions
PTU, probably through its direct effect on reactive oxygen species orindirectly through thyroid function inhibition, prevents the development ofcutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the activation of the Ras-ERKpathway in the oxidant-stress animal model of SSc.
An organ culture system to model early degenerative changes of the intervertebral disc II: profiling global gene expression changes
Authors: Markova Dessislava Z , Kepler Christopher K , Addya Sankar , Murray Hallie B , Vaccaro Alexander R , Shapiro Irving M , Greg Anderson D , Albert Todd J , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Despite many advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of disc degeneration, there remains a paucity of preclinical models which can be used to study the biochemical and molecular events that drive disc degeneration, and the effects of potential therapeutic interventions. The goal of this study is to characterize global gene expression changes in a disc organ culture system that mimics early nontraumatic disc degeneration.

Methods
To mimic a degenerative insult, rat intervertebral discs were cultured in the presence of TNF-α, IL-1β and serum-limiting conditions. Gene expression analysis was performed using a microarray to identify differential gene expression between experimental and control groups. Differential pattern of gene expression was confirmed using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or Western blot.

Results
Treatment resulted in significant changes in expression of more than 1,000 genes affecting many aspects of cell function including cellular movement, the cell cycle, cellular development, and cell death and proliferation. Many of the most highly upregulated and downregulated genes have known functions in disc degeneration and extracellular matrix hemostasis. Construction of gene networks based on known cellular pathways and expression data from our analysis demonstrated that the network associated with cell death, cell cycle regulation and DNA replication and repair was most heavily affected in this model of disc degeneration.

Conclusions
This rat organ culture model uses cytokine exposure to induce wide gene expression changes with the most affected genes having known reported functions in disc degeneration. We propose that this model is a valuable tool to study the etiology of disc degeneration and evaluate potential therapeutic treatments.
Differential Transform – Pade Technique for Treating Non-linear Singular Boundary Value Problems Arising in the Applied Sciences
Authors: Ravi Kanth A. S. V. , Aruna K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper applies differential transform – Pade technique for treating non-linear singular boundary value problems arising in various physical problems of science and engineering. Comparisons are made between the results of the proposed method, and the exact solutions. The results show that the proposed method is an attractive method for solving non-linear singular boundary value problems.
Wavelet-Galerkin Method for the Solution of Shear Wave Equation
Authors: Saha Ray S. , Dandapat A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Wavelet function generates significant interest from both theoretical and applied research given in the last ten years. In the present paper, the Daubechies family of wavelets will be considered due to their useful properties, since the contribution of compactly supported wavelet by Daubechies and multi resolution analysis based on Fast Fourier Transform (FWT) algorithm by Beylkin, wavelet based solution of ordinary and partial differential equations gained momentum in attractive way. Advantages of Wavelet-Galerkin method over finite difference or element method have led to tremendous application in science and engineering.
In this paper, the Daubechies families of wavelets have been applied to solve differential equations. Solution obtained with the Daubechies' 6 Wavelet filter coefficients has been compared with exact solution. The good agreement of the result with the exact solution proves the accuracy and efficiency of Wavelet-Galerkin method.
Exact Solutions for Pattern Formation in a Reaction-Diffusion System
Authors: Lin Yezhi , Liu Yinping , Li Zhibin 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Reaction-diffusion equations are ubiquitous as models of pattern formation in chemistry and biology. In this paper, the invariant subspace method is used to investigate exact solutions and the corresponding patterns in a reaction-diffusion system. Several forms of the exact solutions of the one-dimensional reaction-diffusion system are presented, including complexions. Furthermore, we show several patterns the two-dimensional reaction-diffusion system, involving stripes, spots and transitions between them. Additionally, we discuss the relations between patterns and exact solutions.
Rationality of the probabilistic zeta functions of finitely generated
profinite groups
Authors: Dung Duong Hoang , Lucchini Andrea 
Published: September 2013

Abstract.
We prove that if the probabilistic zeta function

P
G

(
s
)

${P_G(s)}$

of a finitely generated profinite group G is rational and all but finitely many nonabelian composition factors of G are groups of Lie type in a fixed characteristic or sporadic simple groups, then G contains only finitely many maximal subgroups.
Event Mining Through Clustering
Authors: Umamaheswari E. , Geetha T.V. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTraditional document clustering algorithms consider text-based features such as unique word count, concept count, etc. to cluster documents. Meanwhile, event mining is the extraction of specific events, their related sub-events, and the associated semantic relations from documents. This work discusses an approach to event mining through clustering. The Universal Networking Language (UNL)-based subgraph, a semantic representation of the document, is used as the input for clustering. Our research focuses on exploring the use of three different feature sets for event clustering and comparing the approaches used for specific event mining. In our previous work, the clustering algorithm used UNL-based event semantics to represent event context for clustering. However, this approach resulted in different events with similar semantics being clustered together. Hence, instead of considering only UNL event semantics, we considered assigning additional weights to similarity between event contexts with event-related attributes such as time, place, and persons. Although we get specific events in a single cluster, sub-events related to the specific events are not necessarily in a single cluster. Therefore, to improve our cluster efficiency, connective terms between two sentences and their representation as UNL subgraphs were also considered for similarity determination. By combining UNL semantics, event-specific arguments similarity, and connective term concepts between sentences, we were able to obtain clusters for specific events and their sub-events. We have used 112 000 Tamil documents from the Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation data corpus and achieved good results. We have also compared our approach with the previous state-of-the-art approach for Router-RCV1 corpus and achieved 30% improvements in precision.
A Comparison of Semi-Supervised Classification Approaches for Software Defect Prediction
Authors: Catal Cagatay 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPredicting the defect-prone modules when the previous defect labels of modules are limited is a challenging problem encountered in the software industry. Supervised classification approaches cannot build high-performance prediction models with few defect data, leading to the need for new methods, techniques, and tools. One solution is to combine labeled data points with unlabeled data points during learning phase. Semi-supervised classification methods use not only labeled data points but also unlabeled ones to improve the generalization capability. In this study, we evaluated four semi-supervised classification methods for semi-supervised defect prediction. Low-density separation (LDS), support vector machine (SVM), expectation-maximization (EM-SEMI), and class mass normalization (CMN) methods have been investigated on NASA data sets, which are CM1, KC1, KC2, and PC1. Experimental results showed that SVM and LDS algorithms outperform CMN and EM-SEMI algorithms. In addition, LDS algorithm performs much better than SVM when the data set is large. In this study, the LDS-based prediction approach is suggested for software defect prediction when there are limited fault data.
Reading imaginatively: The imagination in cognitive science and cognitive literary studies
Authors: Troscianko Emily T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
I argue that literary studies can contribute to the “imagery debate” (between pictorialist, propositionalist, and enactivist accounts of mental imagery). While imagery questionnaires are pictorially configured and conflate imagining and seeing with pictorial representation, literary texts can exploit language's capacity for indeterminacy and therefore elicit very different imaginative experiences, thus illuminating the non-pictorial qualities of mental imagery.
The rhetorical neuroscience of style: On the primacy of style elements during literary discourse processing
Authors: Burke Michael 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Much work has been conducted in the social psychological sciences both modelling and predicting how the storage and retrieval of images and words in the mind operate (e.g. Baddeley 1974, 2000, Damasio 1999, Barsalou 1999). The focus has largely been on the interactions between short-term and long-term regions of memory. Such studies have also on occasion been complemented by behavioural experiments. More recently, a growing body of work has started to emerge from the biological cognitive neurosciences which looks at these same processes with the aid of scanning technologies (e.g. Dehaene 2003, 2009, Ledoux 1998, Eichenbaum 2011). The questions that will be considered in this paper are can these scientific findings be extended to aesthetic objects that are studied in the humanities, and in particular to the style of literary texts, and also can the way literary style figures operate shed light on how the mind and brain might function.
Learning History through Digital Preservation: Student Experiences in a LGBT Archive
Authors: Cocciolo Anthony 
Published: September 2013

AbstractArchivists have become increasingly interested in their role as educators. This project builds upon this interest by asking what students can gain in history learning when they are put in the role of archivist. To study this, 43 MSLIS students engaged in digital preservation of oral histories from the Lesbian Herstory Archives in Brooklyn, NY, and were surveyed at the completion of the project to uncover their perceived learning of LGBT history. Results indicate that students perceived increases in their understanding of and interest in LGBT history and issues. This study has implications for further partnerships between archivists and educators.
Archival Digital Preservation Programs: Staffing, Costs, and Policy
Authors: Sanett Shelby 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA three-part longitudinal research study- conducted from 1999-2007-gathered information on management practices in national archives that were developing digital preservation programs. In the first two rounds, data was collected from surveys and interviews. The third round was an in-depth case study conducted at the National Archives of Australia (Sanett 2008). Three core areas of practice in the emerging digital preservation programs were selected for further exploration after the first round: staffing, costs, and policy. Generally, the data indicated that these three areas remained underdeveloped in archival digital preservation programs. This article discusses results of the study and is an overview of what has changed in these areas since the study ended in 2007.
Cushing's syndrome due to ectopic ACTH production by a nasal paraganglioma
Authors: Serra F , Duarte S , Abreu S , Marques C , Cassis J , Saraiva M 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Ectopic secretion of ACTH is an infrequent cause of Cushing's syndrome. We report a case of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by a nasal paraganglioma, a 68-year-old female with clinical features of Cushing's syndrome, serious hypokalaemia and a right paranasal sinus' lesion. Cranial magnetic resonance image showed a 46-mm mass on the right paranasal sinuses. Endocrinological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of ectopic ACTH production. Resection of the tumour normalised ACTH and cortisol secretion. The tumour was found to be a paraganglioma through microscopic analysis. On follow-up 3 months later, the patient showed nearly complete clinical recovery. Ectopic ACTH syndrome due to nasal paraganglioma is extremely uncommon, as only two other cases have been discussed in the literature.

Learning points

Ectopic Cushing's syndrome accounts for 10% of Cushing's syndrome etiologies.

Most paraganglioma of the head and neck are not hormonally active.

Nasal paraganglioma, especially ACTH producing, is a very rare tumour.
First reported case in Ireland of MEN2A due to a rare mutation in exon 8 of the RET oncogene
Authors: Casey R , Prendeville S , Joyce C , O'Halloran D 
Published: September 2013

Summary
We present the case of a 30-year-old female who was diagnosed with hereditary phaeochromocytoma secondary to a rare gene mutation in exon 8 of the RET oncogene. This genetic mutation was picked up as part of an extended genetic screen using a method known as next generation sequencing. Detection of this genetic mutation prompted further screening for the manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). The patient subsequently underwent a thyroidectomy with histology confirming C-cell hyperplasia.

Learning points

Genetic analysis is an important step in the diagnostic work up of phaeochromocytoma.

Extended genetic analysis is important when there is a strong suspicion of hereditary phaeochromocytoma.

Mutations in exon 8 of the RET gene are associated with phaeochromocytoma as part of MEN2A syndrome.
Estimation of Water Saturation in Water Injector Wells, Drilled Across Tight Carbonate Formations, Using Resistivity Inversion
Authors: Serry Amr Mohamed , Al-Farisi Omar , Al-Marzouqi Mariam , Budebes Sultan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Accurate water saturation estimation in thin carbonate reservoirs is one of the major formation evaluation challenges in horizontal wells. This is mainly due to the strong shoulder bed effect of thick dense sections on the resistivity logs recorded in thin porous reservoir layers, particularly in horizontal wells. The performed work implies correction of the high resistivity log data acquired while drilling horizontal well sections by means of resistivity modeling. This has been achieved by building a forward model for the resistivity data acquired in the deviated section of the overlying reservoirs in water injector wells, where the porous section is thick and the shoulder bed effect is minimal. The resistivity model construction is based on the relationship of the deep and shallow Laterolog resistivity to the neutron porosity log responses measured in the thick reservoir sections. The established model equations are used to construct deep and shallow resistivity logs in the horizontal sections of thin reservoirs by resistivity inversion using the neutron porosity log data.Several well data sets have been tested and the results were complimented by test data, formation tester fluid sample analysis, Dean Stark measurements and core data. The results obtained confirmed that the resistivity inversion technique is applicable to compute water saturation in both the flushed zone (Sxo) and the un-invaded zone (Sw) for horizontal well sections drilled across carbonate reservoirs. The application of the inversion process allows generating resistivity log responses corrected for the tight shoulder bed effects, and providing more accurate water saturation estimation.
A Case Study from October Field: Modeling Heterogeneity Results in Improved Reservoir Management
Authors: Nassar I. S. , Noureldien Darhim M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
October field is a large oil field located in North Gulf of Suez (N-GoS) of Egypt. The reservoir was discovered in the mid-1980s. More than 20 wells have been drilled in the reservoir, revealing considerable complexity and heterogeneity. Until late 1999, the production mechanism was natural depletion above bubble point. At that time water injection was started and has since been extended to all the field.
Based on pressure performance data, the reservoir could be divided into five relatively independent producing areas. In initial field development, material balance techniques were used to evaluate group "5" performance. Using graphical techniques, a dynamic STOIIP close to the mapped STOIIP was obtained. However, due to reservoir heterogeneity, material balance techniques were not adequate for providing reliable predictions under water injection.
A reservoir model that could accurately predict future production had to include reservoir heterogeneity. Within an integrated subsurface team environment, a geological static model was constructed and a numerical reservoir simulation study was performed.
This model led the team to conclude that this area was affected by water injection wells in the adjacent block and that the current reservoir pressure could be about 400 psi higher than previously expected. As a result, an immediate static survey was run that confirmed the simulation results. A recommendation was made to return previously shut-in wells to production resulting in an oil gain of 1,500 BOPD.