bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catecholate siderophore esterases Fes, IroD and IroE are required for salmochelins secretion following utilization, but only IroD contributes to virulence of extra‐intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Caza Mélissa , Garénaux Amélie , Lépine François , Dozois Charles M. 
Published: May 2015

SummarySalmochelins are glucosylated forms of enterobactin (enterochelin) and contribute to the virulence of Salmonella enterica and some extra‐intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC). Fes, IroD and IroE esterases degrade salmochelins and enterobactin to release iron. We investigated the apparently redundant role of these esterases in virulence and in salmochelin production and utilization of the ExPEC strain χ7122. The ΔiroD, ΔfesΔiroD and ΔfesΔiroDΔiroE mutants displayed attenuated virulence phenotypes in an avian systemic infection model. Growth of ΔfesΔiroD and ΔfesΔiroDΔiroE mutants was severely reduced in the presence of conalbumin, and although enterobactin was produced, no salmochelins were detected in the culture supernatants of these mutants. Elimination of catecholate synthesis via an entA deletion in a ΔfesΔiroDΔiroE restored growth in the presence of conalbumin, but only partially restored the virulence of the strain. Salmochelin production was reestablished by reintroducing active esterases. Intracellular accumulation of cyclic mono‐glucosylated enterobactin was observed in the triple mutant ΔfesΔiroDΔiroE, and deletion of fepC, required for catecholate import into the cytoplasm, restored salmochelin detection in supernatants. These results suggest that in the absence of esterases, cyclic salmochelins are synthesized and secreted, but remain cell‐bound after internalization indicating that esterase‐mediated degradation is required for re‐secretion of catecholate siderophore molecules following their utilization.
Identification and characterization of parasitism genes from the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus reveals a multilayered detoxification strategy
Authors: Espada Margarida , Silva Ana Cláudia , Eves van den Akker Sebastian , Cock Peter J. A. , Mota Manuel , Jones John T. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe migratory endoparasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, has phytophagous and mycetophagous phases during its life cycle. This highly unusual feature distinguishes it from other plant‐parasitic nematodes and requires profound changes in biology between modes. During the phytophagous stage, the nematode migrates within pine trees, feeding on the contents of parenchymal cells. Like other plant pathogens, B. xylophilus secretes effectors from pharyngeal gland cells into the host during infection. We provide the first description of changes in the morphology of these gland cells between juvenile and adult life stages. Using a comparative transcriptomics approach and an effector identification pipeline, we identify numerous novel parasitism genes which may be important for the mediation of interactions of B. xylophilus with its host. In‐depth characterization of all parasitism genes using in situ hybridization reveals two major categories of detoxification proteins, those specifically expressed in either the pharyngeal gland cells or the digestive system. These data suggest that B. xylophilus incorporates effectors in a multilayer detoxification strategy in order to protect itself from host defence responses during phytophagy.
Suppression of glucan, water dikinase in the endosperm alters wheat grain properties, germination and coleoptile growth
Authors: Bowerman Andrew F. , Newberry Marcus , Dielen Anne‐Sophie , Whan Alex , Larroque Oscar , Pritchard Jenifer , Gubler Frank , Howitt Crispin A. , Pogson Barry J. , Morell Matthew K. , Ral Jean‐Philippe 
Published: May 2015

SummaryStarch phosphate ester content is known to alter the physicochemical properties of starch, including its susceptibility to degradation. Previous work producing wheat (Triticum aestivum) with down‐regulated glucan, water dikinase, the primary gene responsible for addition of phosphate groups to starch, in a grain‐specific manner found unexpected phenotypic alteration in grain and growth. Here, we report on further characterization of these lines focussing on mature grain and early growth. We find that coleoptile length has been increased in these transgenic lines independently of grain size increases. No changes in starch degradation rates during germination could be identified, or any major alteration in soluble sugar levels that may explain the coleoptile growth modification. We identify some alteration in hormones in the tissues in question. Mature grain size is examined, as is Hardness Index and starch conformation. We find no evidence that the increased growth of coleoptiles in these lines is connected to starch conformation or degradation or soluble sugar content and suggest these findings provide a novel means of increasing coleoptile growth and early seedling establishment in cereal crop species.
Does the Charter Form Improve the Fiscal Health of Counties?
Authors: McDonald Bruce D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe public administration literature has paid attention to the relationship between the structure of a government and its ability to provide public services, reflected by its fiscal health. Although this literature has provided a useful understanding of government structures, it has largely ignored the charter form of government. As a formal written document that grants counties the power of self‐governance, a charter frees the county from state control. Included in this freedom is the ability to establish its own tax policies and services. In this article, the effects of charter adoption on fiscal health are tested using Florida county data from 1980 to 2012. The results show that the presence of a charter can improve the fiscal health of a county, which, in turn, can affect overall service provision.
Causes of Individual Differences in Animal Exploration and Search
Authors: Reader Simon M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractNumerous studies have documented individual differences in exploratory tendencies and other phenomena related to search, and these differences have been linked to fitness. Here, I discuss the origins of these differences, focusing on how experience shapes animal search and exploration. The origin of individual differences will also depend upon the alternatives to exploration that are available. Given that search and exploration frequently carry significant costs, we might expect individuals to utilize cues indicating the potential net payoffs of exploration versus the exploitation of known acts. Informative cues could arise from both recent and early‐life experiences, from both the social and physical environment. Open questions are the extent to which an individual's exploratory tendencies are fixed throughout life versus being flexibly adjusted according to prevailing conditions and the actions of other individuals, and the extent to which individual differences in exploration extend across domains and are independent of other processes.
Exploring Associations between Motor Skill Assessments in Children With, Without, and At-Risk for Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Valentini Nadia C. , Getchell Nancy , Logan Samuel W. , Liang Ling-Yin , Golden Daphne , Rudisill Mary E. , Robinson Leah E. 
Published: May 2015

Background:We compared children with, at-risk for, or without developmental coordination disorder (DCD) on the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) through (a) correlations, (b) gender and age comparisons, (c) cross tab analyses, and (d) factor analyses.Method:Children (N = 424; age range: 4–10 years) from southern Brazil completed the TGMD-2 and MABC and placed into groups (DCD: ≤ 5th%, n = 58; at-risk: > 5th to ≤ 15th%, n = 133; typically developing (TD) >16th%, n = 233).Results:The strongest correlation was between total performance on the TGMD-2 and MABC (r = .37). No gender differences were found for performance on the MABC while boys performed better than girls on the TGMD-2. Cross tab analyses indicated a high level of agreement for children who performed in the lowest percentiles on each assessment. Factor analyses suggested that, for both the TD and at-risk groups, three factors loaded on the motor assessments. In contrast, the DCD group loaded on a sport skill, general skill, and a manipulative skill factor, accounting for 42.3% of the variance.Conclusions::Evidence suggests that children who perform very poorly on one assessment are likely to perform poorly on the other. Children with DCD may have sports-related skill deficiencies.
Treated Autoimmune Thyroid Disease Is Associated with a Decreased Quality of Life among Young Persons with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Spirkova Alena , Dusatkova Petra , Peckova Monika , Kolouskova Stanislava , Snajderova Marta , Obermannova Barbora , Stechova Katerina , Hrachovinova Tamara , Mares Jiri , Cinek Ondrej , Lebl Jan , Sumnik Zdenek , Pruhova Stepanka 
Published: May 2015

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is relatively often accompanied by other immunopathological diseases, autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) or celiac disease (CD). Our aim was to assess whether these conditions are associated with changes in the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in pediatric patients with T1D. In a cross-sectional study we identified eligible 332 patients with T1D aged 8–18 years, of whom 248 (75%) together with their parents responded to the PedsQL Generic and Diabetes Modules. Compared to 143 patients without thyroid autoantibodies, 40 patients with a thyroxine-treated AITD scored lower in the overall generic HRQOL(P=0.014), as well as in the overall diabetes-specific HRQOL(P=0.013). After adjustment for age, gender, duration of diabetes, type of diabetes treatment, and diabetes control, this association remained statistically significant for the generic HRQOL(P=0.023). Celiac disease was not associated with a change in the generic or diabetes-specific HRQOL (P=0.07  and   P=0.63, resp.). Parental scores showed no association with AITD or celiac disease, except a marginally significant decrease in the overall generic HRQOL(P=0.039)in the T1D + AITD compared to T1D group. Our study indicates that, in pediatric patients with T1D, concomitant thyroxine-treated AITD is associated with lower quality of life.
Intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain metastases treated with therapeutic enoxaparin: a matched cohort study
Authors: Donato Jessica , Campigotto Federico , Uhlmann Erik J. , Coletti Erika , Neuberg Donna , Weber Griffin M. , Zwicker Jeffrey I. 
Published: May 2015

Key Points
Significant intracranial hemorrhage occurs in 20% to 50% of patients with metastatic brain tumors. Therapeutic anticoagulation in patients with brain metastasis did not increase the risk for intracranial hemorrhage.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Protective role of p120-catenin in maintaining the integrity of adherens and tight junctions in ventilator-induced lung injury
Authors: Gu Changping , Liu Mengjie , Zhao Tao , Wang Dong , Wang Yuelan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is one of the most common complications for patients with acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although p120 is an important protein in the regulation of cell junctions, further mechanisms should be explored for prevention and treatment of VILI.

Methods
Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12), which were transfected with p120 small interfering (si)RNA, p120 cDNA, wild-type E-cadherin juxtamembrane domain or a K83R mutant juxtamembrane domain (K83R-JMD), were subjected to 20 % cyclic stretches for 2 or 4 h. Furthermore, MLE-12 cells and mice, which were pretreated with the c-Src inhibitor PP2 or RhoA inhibitor Y27632, underwent 20 % cyclic stretches or mechanical stretching, respectively. Moreover, wild-type C57BL/6 mice were transfected with p120 siRNA-liposome complexes before mechanical ventilation. Cell lysates and lung tissues were then analyzed to detect lung injury.

Results
cyclic stretches of 20 % actived c-Src, which induced degradation of E-cadherin, p120 and occludin. However, loss of p120 increased the degradation and endocytosis of E-cadherin. Immunoprecipitation and Immunofluorescence results showed a decrease in the association between p120 and E-cadherin, while gap formation increased in p120 siRNA and K83R-JMD groups after 20 % cyclic stretches. Loss of p120 also reduced the occludin level and decreased the association of occludin and ZO-1 by enhancing RhoA activity. However, the altered levels of occludin and E-cadherin were reversed by PP2 or Y27632 treatments compared with the cyclic stretch group. Consistently, the expression, redistribution and disassociation of junction proteins were all restored in the p120 overexpression group after 20 % cyclic stretches. Moreover, the role of p120 in VILI was confirmed by increased wet/dry weigh ratio and enhanced production of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-six) in p120-depleted mice under mechanical ventilation.

Conclusions
p120 protected against VILI by regulating both adherens and tight junctions. p120 inhibited E-cadherin endocytosis by increasing the association between p120 and juxtamembrane domain of E-cadherin. Furthermore, p120 reduced the degradation of occludin by inhibiting RhoA activity. These findings illustrated further mechanisms of p120 in the prevention of VILI, especially for patients with ALI or ARDS.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their benefits and harms: the challenge of interpreting meta-analyses and observational data sets when balanced data are not analyzed and reported
Authors: Simon Lee S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA multitude of reports have delineated the risks of using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs but have not been totally congruent. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials sometimes concur regarding gastrointestinal risk and cardiovascular risk but rarely report a balance of these risks for any one drug. Benefits measured in these studies are usually not reported. Observational data sets, supposedly reflective of ‘real world’ patients, do not always agree with the randomized controlled trial reports. Clinicians need assessments measuring the balance of harms and benefits so that better decisions based on their patients’ unique risk factors can be reached.
On the capacity of MIMO correlated Nakagami- m fading channels using copula
Authors: Gholizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Amindavar Hamidreza , Ritcey James A 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a novel approach is proposed based on the probability density function (PDF) concept to achieve the capacity of a correlated ergodic multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channel with Nakagami-m fading. In our proposed method, channel parameters are unknown, and they are initially estimated by using the PDF of the received samples in the receiving antennas. The copula theory is employed to estimate the parameters of the channel in the proposed PDF-based approach. By appealing to copula, the notion of PDF estimation is simplified in the computation technique when we are faced with correlated signals. Since we are working on a correlated channel, the copula concept results in a powerful estimation approach for the PDF of the signals in the receivers. Accurate PDF estimation leads to having a precise calculation for channel parameters. Hence, the new approach guarantees that the capacity of a correlated ergodic channel is predicted reliably. In the previous works, either the capacity of simple uncorrelated Nakagami-m channels is presented or an asymptotic formulation is suggested for a correlated Nakagami-m channel. However, our proposed method introduces an analytic expression for the capacity of the MIMO correlated Nakagami-m fading channel relying on copula. All the results in both channel parameter estimation and channel capacity prediction are validated with some simulations.
Colocation Still Matters: Conformance Quality and the Interdependence of R&D and Manufacturing in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Gray John V. , Siemsen Enno , Vasudeva Gurneeta 
Published: May 2015

This study investigates the conformance quality benefits of colocating manufacturing with research and development (R&D) activities. Findings from a panel data set of U.S.-based pharmaceutical plants over a 13-year period reveal that colocation of manufacturing and R&D relates to better conformance quality, on average, across the entire sample. We find that these benefits of colocation persist throughout the time period we study (1994–2007), which is surprising, given the rapid development of information and communication technologies during that time. These benefits are particularly enhanced for manufacturing plants operating with processes that involve a high level of tacit process knowledge and that belong to large firms. Our findings highlight the importance of matching organizational design with process and firm characteristics in settings involving knowledge interdependence. They also highlight the continued value of physical proximity through geographical colocation between manufacturing and R&D activities to achieve desired quality outcomes.This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Effects of ions traces on the dissolution of bioceramics composed of hydroxyapatite and Î²-tricalcium phosphate
Authors: Jamil Mohamed , Abida Fatima , Hatim Zineb , Elassfouri Mostafa , Gourri Elhassan 
Published: May 2015

The aim of this work is to study the effect of trace ions as Mg2+, Sr2+, (SiO4)4- and Al3+, brought by the raw material, on the dissolution of the calcium-phosphate bioceramics. Â The precursor powders prepared by aqueous precipitation with molar ratio Ca / P = 1.630 Â± 0.002, were calcined at 1100Â°C resulting in the formation of a mixture of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) and Î²-tricalcium phosphate (Î²-Ca3(PO4)2). Â Two mixtures which differ by the content of trace ions were characterized for phase purity, chemical composition and morphology. Â The dissolution tests were performed at 37 Â°C in acidic buffers solution at pH 4.8. Â The results showed that the dissolution of calcium ions is more important in the presence of ions trace while the phosphor ions were not affected. Â The dissolution and dissolution-reprecipitation observed of various ions trace can modify the surface properties of calcium phosphate bioceramics and therefore the properties of biological products, such as resorbtion and reactivity can be affected.
Biosorption of Copper (Cu 2+) in aqueous solution by an adsorbent materiel prepared from marine algae (Bifurcaria bifurcata): Equilibrium and kinetic studies
Authors: Khamliche Layachi , Bakkas Salem , Benzidia Nawal , Salhi Anas 
Published: May 2015

Morocco is a country influenced by the 3500 km of coastline, with the presence of many marine species. Among these species, there is a wide variety of marine algae that have been specifically used in pharmacological studies, but also environmental. Among these seaweed species Bifurcaria bifurcata having a very large biomass was used as a novel adsorbent for the removal of copper in aqueous solution. Adsorption tests showed that the equilibrium is established after 60 minutes. Various experimental parameters were analyzed: pH, adsorbent mass and initial concentration of copper. Experimental results have shown that the adsorption of copper on seaweed pH dependent of the solution and the initial concentration of copper.The adsorption capacity was determined using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacity is 101.9 mg.g-1. The kinetic study of the adsorption of copper on the algae showed that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model with high R2 values.Â Â
Corrosion Inhibition of AISI 316L and Modified-AISI 630 Stainless Steel by the New Organic Inhibitor [(CH3)2N]3PSe in Chloride Media:Electrochemical and Physical Study
Authors: ZARGOUNI Yafa , SASSI Wafa , ALOUANI Khaled 
Published: May 2015

We evaluate the effect of the Tris-dimethylaminoselenophosphoramide (SeAP)on the corrosion inhibition of modified-AISI 630 and AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) in 3 wt. % NaCl. The electrochemical behaviors of tested SS samples are investigated before and after adding the Seep into the chloride media by potentiodynamic polarization technique. The adsorption of SeAP onto both SS surfaces is verified by global discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES).Â SeAP is found to be a good inhibitor for SS corrosion, especially when added at a concentration of 0.5 wt. %.
The Art and Science of Consultations in Bovine Medicine: Use of Modified Calgary – Cambridge Guides
Authors: Petrovski Kiro R. , McArthur Michelle 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This article describes few steps of the application of the modified Calgary-Cambridge Guides (CCG) to consultations in bovine medicine. A review of pertinent clinical communication skills literature in human medicine was integrated with the burgeoning research within veterinary medicine. In particular, there are more recent studies examining companion animal veterinarian’s communication skills and outcomes which can be extrapolated to practitioners. This was integrated into a teaching example of a reproductive case consultation. The first article deals with the 1) Preparation, 2) Initiating the Session and 3) Gathering Information sections. The aim of the modified CCG is to provide a set of skills to facilitate a relationship-centred approach to consultations in bovine medicine, both at the individual animal and population level. They were initially developed for human medicine and expanded recently for use in veterinary medicine. The CCG enable the practitioner to facilitate interacting with that particular client at the time of the consultation. It is likely that the majority of practitioners do use many of the skills recommended by the modified CCG. These skills are often gained through experience. However, they may not use the skills intentionally and with purpose for a specific communication goal or outcome. Practitioners can improve their communication skills using the set of skills as recommended by the modified CCG. They allow the practitioner to gain insight into the client’s understanding of the problem, including underlying aetiology, epidemiology and pathophysiology. The guides also provide opportunity to understand client’s expectations regarding the outcome, motivation and willingness to change and adherence.
Information on huchen, Hucho hucho (L.), from historical Polish sources
Authors: Cios Stanisław 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents historical information on the Danube huchen, Hucho hucho (L.), in Polish sources from the sixteenth to early twentieth centuries in the Danube, Prut, Dniester, and Vistula river basins. These accounts concern the historical distribution of the species and its economic importance, culinary value, fishing methods, and artificial reproduction and propagation. The occurrence of huchen in the Dniester River basin until the beginning of the eighteenth century merits special interest, because this river is not mentioned by any modern source on the natural distribution of this species. The extinction of the huchen in this river can likely be attributed to anthropogenic changes in the environment that were associated mainly with agricultural development.