bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anthropomorphic robotic arm with integrated elastic joints for TCM remedial massage
Authors: Huang Yuancan , Li Jian , Huang Qiang , Souères Philippe 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYFor reproducing the manipulation of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) remedial massage and meanwhile guaranteeing safety, a 4-degree-of-freedom anthropomorphic robotic arm with integrated elastic joints is developed, and a passivity-based impedance control is used. Due to the series elasticity, integrated joints may minimize large forces that occur during accidental impacts, and, further, may offer more accurate and stable force control and a capacity for energy storage. Human expert's fingertip force curve in the process of massage therapy is acquired in vivo by a dedicated measurement device. Then three massage techniques, pressing, kneading, and plucking, are implemented by the soft arm, respectively, on torso model in vitro and on human body in vivo. Experimental results show that the developed robotic arm can effectively replicate the TCM remedial massage techniques.
Design and kinematic analysis of redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms for ankle rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Congzhe , Fang Yuefa , Guo Sheng , Zhou Changchun 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn this paper, we present the design of two serial spherical mechanisms to substitute for a single spherical joint that is usually used to connect the platform with the base in three degrees of freedom parallel mechanisms. According to the principle derived from the conceptual design, through using the two serial spherical mechanisms as the constraint limb, several redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms are proposed for ankle rehabilitation. The proposed parallel mechanisms all can perform the rotational movements of the ankle in three directions while at the same time the mechanism center of rotations can match the ankle axes of rotations compared with other multi-degree-of-freedom devices, due to the structural characteristics of the special constraint limb and platform. Two special parallel mechanisms are selected to analyze their kinematical performances, such as workspace, dexterity, singularity, and stiffness, based on the computed Jacobian. The results show that the proposed scheme of actuator redundancy can guarantee that the redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms have no singularity, better dexterity, and stiffness within the prescribed workspace in comparison with the corresponding non-redundant parallel mechanisms. In addition, the proposed mechanisms possess certain reconfigurable capacity based on control strategies or rehabilitation modes to obtain sound performance for completing ankle rehabilitation exercise.
Fuzzy weighted subtask controller for redundant manipulator
Authors: Yoo Young jun , Jung Dae sung , Jang Yu jin , Won Sang chul 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYWe propose a fuzzy weighted subtask controller for a redundant robot manipulator. To expand the feasibility of the inverse kinematic solution, we introduce a weighted pseudo-inverse that changes the null-space of the Jacobian. The weights of elements in the pseudo-inverse are obtained using fuzzy rules that are related to the null-space velocity tracking error. With the pseudo-inverse, we develop a task space controller to track a desired task space trajectory and subtask control input. We propose a weighted subtask controller for multiple subtasks. The results of a simulation and experiment using a seven-degree-of-freedom whole arm manipulator robot show the effectiveness of the proposed controller with multiple subtasks.
X-ray powder diffraction data for loratadine (C22H23ClN202)
Authors: Wu Di , Li Shan Shan , Xu Kai Lin , Zhang Li Li , Wu Xiao Qing , Li Hui 
Published: March 2014

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for loratadine (C22H23ClN2O2) are reported [a = 28.302(18) Å,b = 4.996(3) Å,c = 29.154(19) Å,β = 109.158(2)°, unit-cell volumeV = 3894.25 Å3,Z = 8, and space groupC2/c]. All measured lines were indexed and are consistent with theC2/cspace group. No detectable impurities were observed.
Assessment of the sensitivity of the gamma-interferon test and the single intradermal comparative cervical test for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis under field conditions
Authors: PRAUD A. , BOSCHIROLI M. L. , MEYER L. , GARIN-BASTUJI B. , DUFOUR B. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYIn some French départements, the eradication of bovine tuberculosis is incomplete and usual skin tests [single intradermal tuberculin test (SIT) and single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT)] have poor specificity due to cross-reactions with non-pathogenic mycobacteria, causing economic losses. In Côte d'Or (Burgundy, France), an experimental serial testing scheme based on the combination of SICCT and gamma-interferon (IFN-γ) tests has been initiated in order to shorten the interval between suspicion and its invalidation in herds with false-positive results to skin tests. Our aim was to assess the scheme's sensitivity and to compare it to the sensitivity of the screening scheme recommended by the European Commission. Our study included 1768 animals from Côte d'Or. The sensitivities of both schemes were estimated using a Bayesian approach. The individual sensitivity of the IFN-γtest [88·1%, 95% credibility interval (CrI) 72·8–97·5] was not significantly different from individual SICCT sensitivity (80·3%, 95% CrI 61·6–98·0) and individual SIT sensitivity (84·2%, 95% CrI 59·0–98·2). The individual specificity of the IFN-γtest was 62·3% (95% CrI 60·2–64·5). No significant difference could be demonstrated between the sensitivities of the serial testing scheme used in Côte d'Or (73·1%, 95% CrI 41·1–100) and the European Union serial testing scheme (70·1%, 95% CrI 31·5–100·0).
Real-time investigation of a Legionella pneumophila outbreak using whole genome sequencing
Authors: GRAHAM R. M. A. , DOYLE C. J. , JENNISON A. V. 
Published: February 2014

SUMMARYLegionella pneumophila is the main pathogen responsible for outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease, which can be related to contaminated water supplies such as cooling towers or water pipes. We combined conventional molecular methods and whole genome sequence (WGS) analysis to investigate an outbreak of L. pneumophila in a large Australian hospital. Typing of these isolates using sequence-based typing and virulence gene profiling, was unable to discriminate between outbreak and non-outbreak isolates. WGS analysis was performed on isolates during the outbreak, as well as on unlinked isolates from the Public Health Microbiology reference collection. The more powerful resolution provided by analysis of whole genome sequences allowed outbreak isolates to be distinguished from isolates that were temporally and spatially unassociated with the outbreak, demonstrating that this technology can be used in real-time to investigate L. pneumophila outbreaks.
Engaging student interpreters in vocabulary building: Web search with computer workbench
Authors: Lim Lily 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the usefulness of Web portals in a workbench for assisting student interpreters in the search for and collection of vocabulary. The experiment involved a class of fifteen English as a Foreign Language (EFL) student interpreters, who were required to equip themselves with the appropriate English vocabulary to handle an interpreting task they had been assigned. The subjects were given the same topic for vocabulary building in two stages – one stage without and the other stage with the use of the workbench. They were not allowed to repeat vocabulary items in the two stages. They documented their experience in vocabulary preparation in the first stage, and provided think-aloud protocols for the second stage. They also completed a questionnaire and submitted two portfolios. The vocabulary portfolios compiled during the two stages were then compared. The results indicate that, with the use of the workbench, the subjects were more efficient in performing the task of building vocabulary by searching for the required vocabulary, and were able to build a vocabulary portfolio that was larger in size and richer in variety. The data also reveal that most students make use of Web portals that have a specific focus, rather than general search engines. The findings provide important information to support the use of the workbench as a tool for training EFL student interpreters in vocabulary building, and also show that guided Web portals are essential for users who need to perform Web-based language learning activities to achieve efficient search results.
Verbal Fluency in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Herbert Vanessa , Brookes Rebecca L , Markus Hugh S , Morris Robin G 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPatterns of verbal fluency deficits have been explored across different neurodegenerative disorders. This study sought to investigate the specific pattern of verbal fluency performance in cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is the most common cause of vascular cognitive impairment, and compare this with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participants with SVD (n = 45), AD (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 80) completed assessments of semantic and phonemic fluency. Mixed-model analyses of covariance were used to compare performance on the different fluency tasks between the groups, and a discriminant function analysis was conducted to examine group differentiation. The SVD group was impaired in both fluency tasks when compared to the controls. In contrast, the AD group displayed impairment in semantic fluency only. Discriminant function analysis revealed that fluency scores correctly classified 80% of SVD patients and 92% of AD patients. The pattern of performance observed in the SVD group may reflect deficits in executive function and processing speed impacting equivalently on semantic and phonemic fluency. The differences between the SVD and AD groups highlighted in this study may be useful for distinguishing between these conditions. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–9)
Predictors for Improvement of Problem-Solving during Cognitive Remediation for Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Rodewald Katlehn , Holt Daniel V. , Rentrop Mirjam , Roesch-Ely Daniela , Liebrenz Michael , Funke Joachim , Weisbrod Matthias , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCognitive remediation is a promising pathway for ameliorating cognitive impairment of patients with schizophrenia. Here, we investigate predictors of improvement in problem-solving ability for two different types of cognitive remediation – specific problem-solving training and training of basic cognition. For this purpose we conducted a re-analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing these two training approaches. The main outcome measure was improvement in problem-solving performance. Correlational analyses were used to assess the contribution of clinical, cognitive and training-related predictors. In the problem-solving training group, impaired pre-training planning ability was associated with stronger improvement. In contrast, in the basic cognition training group antipsychotic medication dose emerged as a negative predictor. These results demonstrate that predictors for successful cognitive remediation depend on the specific intervention. Furthermore, our results suggest that at least in the planning domain patients with impaired performance benefit particularly from a specific intervention. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–6)
Consumption of predefined ‘Nordic’ dietary items in ten European countries – an investigation in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort
Authors: Roswall Nina , Olsen Anja , Boll Katja , Christensen Jane , Halkjær Jytte , Sørensen Thorkild IA , Dahm Christina C , Overvad Kim , Clavel-Chapelon Françoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie C , Cottet Vanessa , Teucher Birgit , Kaaks Rudolf , Boeing Heiner , von Ruesten Anne , Trichopoulou Antonia , Oikonomou Eleni , Vasilopoulou Effie , Pala Valeria , Sacerdote Carlotta , Mattiello Amalia , Masala Giovanna , Peeters Petra HM , Bueno-de-Mesquita H Bas , Engeset Dagrun , Skeie Guri , Åsli Lene A , Amiano Pilar , Jakszyn Paula , Ardanaz Eva , Huerta José M , Quirós José R , Molina-Montes Esther , Nilsson Lena M , Johansson Ingegerd , Wirfält Elisabet , Drake Isabel , Mulligan Angela A , Khaw Kay T , Romaguera Dora , Vergnaud Anne-Claire , Key Tim , Riboli Elio , Tjønneland Anne 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveHealth-beneficial effects of adhering to a healthy Nordic diet index have been suggested. However, it has not been examined to what extent the included dietary components are exclusively related to the Nordic countries or if they are part of other European diets as well, suggesting a broader preventive potential. The present study describes the intake of seven a priori defined healthy food items (apples/pears, berries, cabbages, dark bread, shellfish, fish and root vegetables) across ten countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) and examines their consumption across Europe.DesignCross-sectional study. A 24 h dietary recall was administered through a software program containing country-specific recipes. Sex-specific mean food intake was calculated for each centre/country, as well as percentage of overall food groups consumed as healthy Nordic food items. All analyses were weighted by day and season of data collection.SettingMulti-centre, European study.SubjectsPersons (n 36 970) aged 35–74 years, constituting a random sample of 519 978 EPIC participants.ResultsThe highest intakes of the included diet components were: cabbages and berries in Central Europe; apples/pears in Southern Europe; dark bread in Norway, Denmark and Greece; fish in Southern and Northern countries; shellfish in Spain; and root vegetables in Northern and Central Europe. Large inter-centre variation, however, existed in some countries.ConclusionsDark bread, root vegetables and fish are strongly related to a Nordic dietary tradition. Apples/pears, berries, cabbages, fish, shellfish and root vegetables are broadly consumed in Europe, and may thus be included in regional public health campaigns.
Characterization of Epistatic Interaction of QTLs LH8 and EH3 Controlling Heading Date in Rice
Authors: Chen Jingbin , Li Xiaoyan , Cheng Cheng , Wang Yahuan , Qin Mao , Zhu Haitao , Zeng Ruizhen , Fu Xuelin , Liu Ziqiang , Zhang Guiquan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHeading date is a critical trait for adaptation of rice to different cultivation areas and cropping seasons. We evaluated the heading dates of 1,123 chromosome segments substitution lines (CSSLs) in the genetic background of an elite rice variety Huajingxian74 (HJX74). A CSSL with the substituted segments from Zihui100 exhibited late heading under both natural long-day (NLD) and natural short-day (NSD) conditions and the late heading phenotype was controlled by two novel epistatic loci on chromosome 8 and chromosome 3, respectively, termed LH8 and EH3. The function of EH3 was dependent on the LH8 genotype through epistatic interaction between EH3Zihui100 and LH8Zihui100 alleles. Genetic and molecular characterization revealed LH8 encodes a CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor with Heading date1 (Hd1)-binding activity and may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Early heading date1 (Ehd1). Our work provides a solid foundation for further study on gene interaction in heading date and has application in breeding rice with greater adaptability.
Functional divergence between the two P1–P2 stalk dimers on the ribosome in their interaction with ricin A chain
Authors: Grela Przemysław , Li Xiao-Ping , Tchórzewski Marek , Tumer Nilgun E. 
Published: March 2014

The eukaryotic stalk, which is responsible for the recruitment of translation factors, is a pentamer containing two P1–P2 dimers with unclear modes of action. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, P1/P2 proteins (individual P1 and P2 proteins) are organized into two distinct dimers, P1A–P2B and P1B–P2A. To investigate the functional contribution of each dimer on the ribosome, RTA (ricin A chain), which binds to the stalk to depurinate the SRL (sarcin/ricin loop), was used as a molecular probe in yeast mutants in which the binding site for one or the other dimer on P0 was deleted. Ribosome depurination and toxicity of RTA were greatly reduced in mutants containing only P1A–P2B on the ribosome, whereas those with only P1B–P2A were reduced less in depurination and were unaffected in toxicity. Ribosomes bearing P1B–P2A were depurinated by RTA at a similar level as wild-type, but ribosomes bearing P1A–P2B were depurinated at a much lower level in vitro. The latter ribosomes showed the lowest association and almost no dissociation with RTA by surface plasmon resonance. These results indicate that the P1B–P2A dimer is more critical for facilitating the access of RTA to the SRL, providing the first in vivo evidence for functional divergence between the two stalk dimers on the ribosome.
Equal Pay, Litigation and Reflexive Regulation: The Case of the UK Local Authority Sector
Authors: McLaughlin Colm 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article contributes to the debate over reflexive regulation in relation to equality by focusing on attempts in the UK local authority sector to bring about equal pay through the implementation of the 1997 Single Status Agreement. This was a national agreement between local government employers and public sector unions that was to be implemented at local level following a local level job evaluation and grading process. Examined through the lens of reflexive regulation, the agreement can be understood as an attempt by the actors to engage in reflexive deliberation in order to give effect to the values of equal pay enshrined in legislation. The implementation process, however, was challenged by significant levels of litigation. In drawing on interview data with actors involved in the implementation of single status and litigation, the paper highlights both the potential of reflexive regulation and some of its limitation. Three issues in particular emerge for the theory of reflexive regulation: the tension between collective solutions and hard law; the extent to which existing power relations can be challenged through deliberation; and the bridging institutions that might be needed for reflexive regulation to function effectively.
Effects of Extrusion and Starch Removal Pretreatment on Zein Proteins Extracted from Corn Gluten Meal
Authors: Zheng Xi‐Qun , Liu Xiao‐Lan , Yu Shi‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Jie , Ma Yan‐Qiu , Yang Shuang , Jing Shan‐Shan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, the structure and selected properties of zeins extracted from corn gluten meal (CGM) pretreated by extrusion and removal of starch were investigated. The structure and properties of the zeins from pretreated CGM changed significantly. Pretreatments can decrease the extraction yields of zeins and change the granule shape and size of zein aggregates. The studies indicated that extrusion and removal of starch can significantly decrease the thermal enthalpy (ΔH1 and ΔH2) of zein from 1.94 ± 0.20 to 0.19 ± 0.10 and from 107.20 ± 0.80 to 78.62 ± 2.30 and J/g, respectively. The SDS‐PAGE results confirmed that the molecular weight of zeins from CGM was 24,000 and 27,000, and the molecular weight of zeins did not change with the pretreatment. On the other hand, the circular dichroism spectroscopy results showed that the processing of extrusion and removal of starch can change the secondary structure content of β‐sheets and β‐turns; these results indicated that extrusion and removal of starch can significantly break the secondary structure of zeins. Furthermore, extrusion and removal of starch can change the sulfhydryl content of zeins. The obtained results provided some fundamental information that is useful for further modification of CGM to improve its functional properties and industrial applications.
First Report of Quinoa Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora variabilis in Republic of Korea
Authors: Choi Y. J. , Choi I. Y. , Kim J. S. , Shin H. D. 
Published: February 2014

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has become increasingly popular due to its high nutritional value and adaptability to harsh environments. Several field trials have recently been conducted to determine the ability of quinoa cultivars to grow under climate and soil conditions of Republic of Korea. During July 2013, which is the rainy season, plants showing typical symptoms of downy mildew were first observed in an experimental plot in Iksan City, Korea. Infection resulted in small to large, irregular chlorotic areas on the upper leaf surface with a gray mildew developing on the abaxial surface, and often leading to early defoliation. The same symptoms of downy mildew were also found in Pyeongchang County and Imsil County, Korea. A sample from Iksan City was deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (Accession No. KUS-F27388) and used for microscopy and molecular studies. Microscopic examination revealed colorless conidiophores emerging from stomata, straight to slightly curved, 350 to 550 × 10 to 18 μm, and sub-dichotomously branched in 5 to 7 orders. Ultimate branchlets were mostly in pairs, flexuous to curved, 10 to 30 μm long, and had obtuse tips. Conidia were pale brown to olivaceous, broadly ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, and 25 to 32 × 22 to 25 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.20 to 1.35. These characteristics fit well with Peronospora variabilis, which was previously recorded to be parasitic to C. quinoa and C. album, although P. farinosa f. sp. chenopodii has often been considered a causal agent of downy mildew on quinoa (1). To confirm this morphological identification, amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA of the Korean specimen were performed using procedures outlined by Choi et al. (1) with oomycete-specific primers DC6 and LR0. The resulting 796-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KF887493). A comparison with the ITS sequences available in GenBank revealed that it is identical to P. variabilis found on C. album (EF614959, EF614961), and shows only one base pair substitution with another isolates from C. quinoa (EU113305, EU113306). Therefore, the pathogen found in Korea was confirmed to be P. variabilis. Downy mildew is the most damaging disease of quinoa in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (1). Increasing reports of this disease from India, Canada, the United States, Portugal, and Denmark (2,3,4) have revealed its worldwide occurrence and spread. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a downy mildew on quinoa in Korea (3). It suggests that quinoa downy mildew poses a new and serious threat to production of this crop in Korea. References: (1) Y. J. Choi et al. Mycopathologia 169:403, 2010. (2) S. Danielson et al. Seed Sci. Technol. 32:91, 2004. (3) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication, ARS, USDA, Retrieved November 5, 2013. (4) A. L. Testen et al. Plant Dis. 96:146, 2012.