bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATHLETIC POLICY, PASSIVE WELL-BEING: DEFENDING FREEDOM IN THE CAPABILITY APPROACH
Authors: Begon Jessica 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:G.A. Cohen has criticized the capability approach for focusing on individuals’ freedom – their capability to control their lives – and ignoring benefits achieved passively. He argues that this view of well-being is excessively ‘athletic’. However, if the capability approach is employed to guide egalitarian public policy, capabilities are the appropriate goal of just distributive policies, not just components of individual well-being. When understood as a policy-guide, I argue that the capability approach's focus on ‘athletic’ individual freedom and control is justified: in the public domain, it is important not just that individuals receive benefits, but that they participate in their achievement.
INCENTIVE INEQUALITIES AND FREEDOM OF OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE
Authors: Mackay Douglas 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:InRescuing Justice and Equality, G.A. Cohen argues that the incentive inequalities permitted by John Rawls's difference principle are unjust since people cannot justify them to their fellow citizens. I argue that citizens of a Rawlsian society can justify their acceptance of a wide range of incentive inequalities to their fellow citizens. They can do so because they possess the right to freedom of occupational choice, and are permitted – as a matter of justice – to exercise this right by making occupational decisions on the basis of a wide range of values and preferences.
Transcriptional regulation of nucleoredoxin-like genes takes place on
a daily basis in the retina and pineal gland of rats
Authors: WOLLOSCHECK TANJA , KUNST STEFANIE , KELLEHER DEBRA K. , SPESSERT RAINER 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe nucleoredoxin-like gene Nxnl1 (Txnl6) and
its paralogue Nxnl2 encode the rod-derived cone viability
factors (RdCVF and RdCVF2), which increase the resistance to photooxidative
damage and have therapeutic potential for the survival of cones in retinitis
pigmentosa. In this study, the transcription of Nxnl genes was
investigated as a function of the day/night cycle in rats. The transcript levels
of Nxnl1 and Nxnl2 were seen to display daily
rhythms with steadily increasing values during the light phase and peak
expression around dark onset in preparations of whole retina, photoreceptor
cells and—but only in regard to Nxnl1—in
photoreceptor-related pinealocytes. The cycling of Nxnl1 but
not that of Nxnl2 persisted in constant darkness in the retina.
This suggests that daily regulation of Nxnl1 is driven by a
circadian clock, whereas that of Nxnl2 is promoted by
environmental light. The present data indicate clock- and light-dependent
regulations of nucleoredoxin-like genes that may be part of a protective shield
against photooxidative damage.
The human cortical areas V6 and V6A
Authors: PITZALIS SABRINA , FATTORI PATRIZIA , GALLETTI CLAUDIO 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn macaque, it has long been known since the late nineties that the medial parieto-occipital sulcus (POS) contains two regions, V6 and V6A, important for visual motion and action. While V6 is a retinotopically organized extrastriate area, V6A is a broadly retinotopically organized visuomotor area constituted by a ventral and dorsal subdivision (V6Av and V6Ad), both containing arm movement-related cells active during spatially directed reaching movements. In humans, these areas have been mapped only in recent years thanks to neuroimaging methods. In a series of brain mapping studies, by using a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging methods such as wide-field retinotopy and task-evoked activity, we mapped human areas V6 (Pitzalis et al., 2006) and V6Av (Pitzalis et al., 2013d) retinotopically and defined human V6Ad functionally as a pointing-selective region situated anteriorly in the close proximity of V6Av (Tosoni et al., 2014). Like in macaque, human V6 is a motion area (e.g., Pitzalis et al., 2010, 2012, 2013a,b,c), while V6Av and V6Ad respond to pointing movements (Tosoni et al., 2014). The retinotopic organization (when present), anatomical position, neighbor relations, and functional properties of these three areas closely resemble those reported for macaque V6 (Galletti et al., 1996, 1999a), V6Av, and V6Ad (Galletti et al., 1999b; Gamberini et al., 2011). We suggest that information on objects in depth which are translating in space, because of the self-motion, is processed in V6 and conveyed to V6A for evaluating object distance in a dynamic condition such as that created by self-motion, so to orchestrate the eye and arm movements necessary to reach or avoid static and moving objects in the environment.
Validity of two brief physical activity questionnaires with accelerometers among African-American women
Authors: Joseph Rodney P. , Keller Colleen , Adams Marc A. , Ainsworth Barbara E. 
Published: July 2015

AimTo evaluate the validity of the Stanford Brief Activity Survey (SBAS) and Exercise Vital Sign (EVS) questionnaire against accelerometer-determined time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among African-American (AA) women.BackgroundLimited research has evaluated the validity of brief physical activity (PA) questionnaires among AA women. Since the validity of PA questionnaires may differ among members of varying racial/ethnic groups, research is needed to explore the validity of self-report PA measures among AA women.MethodsA total of 30 AA women [Mage=35.5±5.3;Mbody mass index (BMI)=31.1±7.8] wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers (ActiGraph, LLC, Pensacola FL, USA) for seven days and completed both the SBAS and EVS at two different assessment periods (T1 andT2). Criterion validity was calculated using Spearman’s rank order correlations between each questionnaire score and accelerometer-measured MVPA. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated using accelerometer-measured MVPA as the criterion to determine the ability of each questionnaire to predict whether or not a participant was meeting the 2008 US PA Guidelines.FindingsSpearman correlation coefficients between questionnaire scores and minutes of accelerometer-measured MVPA were low (EVS,r=0.27 atT1 andr=0.26 atT2; SBAS,r=0.10 atT1 andr=0.28 atT2) and not statistically significant (P’s&gt;0.05). The EVS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values of 27, 89, 59, and 68% atT1 and 33, 74, 38, and 70% atT2, respectively. The SBAS had sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were 18, 79, 33, and 62% atT1 and 67, 58, 43, and 79% atT2. While both questionnaires may be useful in identifying AA women who do not meet the 2008 PA Guidelines, using the questionnaires to identify AA women meeting the PA Guidelines should be done with caution.
Anxiety Assessment: Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory
Authors: Ortuño-Sierra Javier , Rodríguez Lorena , Debbané Martin , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Burns Anxiety Inventory (Burns-A: Burns, 1993). The sample consisted of 417 participants, 387 (29.71% male) healthy participants (control group: M = 35.5 years; SD = 8.40) and 30 (36.66% female) patients (clinical group: M = 35.8 years; SD = 12.94). The internal consistency evaluated through Cronbach’ Alpha was 0.95 for the Total Score in both subsamples. The test-retest reliability (two weeks) for Total Score was 0.86 (F = 13.2, p ≤ .001) for the non-clinical subsample, and 0.95 (F = 36.5, p ≤ .001) for the clinical subsample. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the initial three-factor model. However, modifications to the initial three-factor model improved the goodness-of-fit indices. Results showed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the Burns-A between the clinical and control groups. This study supports the Spanish version of the Burns-A as a brief and useful tool for the screening of anxiety symptoms in adult populations. Future studies should investigate measurement invariance across cultures.
Aggregated α-synuclein and complex I deficiency: exploration of their relationship in differentiated neurons
Authors: Reeve A K , Ludtmann M HR , Angelova P R , Simcox E M , Horrocks M H , Klenerman D , Gandhi S , Turnbull D M , Abramov A Y 
Published: July 2015

Abstractα-Synuclein becomes misfolded and aggregated upon damage by various factors, for example, by reactive oxygen species. These aggregated forms have been proposed to have differential toxicities and their interaction with mitochondria may cause dysfunction within this organelle that contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In particular, the association of α-synuclein with mitochondria occurs through interaction with mitochondrial complex I and importantly defects of this protein have been linked to the pathogenesis of PD. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between aggregated α-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction, and the consequences of this interaction on cell survival. To do this, we studied the effects of α-synuclein on cybrid cell lines harbouring mutations in either mitochondrial complex I or IV. We found that aggregated α-synuclein inhibited mitochondrial complex I in control and complex IV-deficient cells. However, when aggregated α-synuclein was applied to complex I-deficient cells, there was no additional inhibition of mitochondrial function or increase in cell death. This would suggest that as complex I-deficient cells have already adapted to their mitochondrial defect, the subsequent toxic effects of α-synuclein are reduced.
Blocking the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway abrogates resistance to anti-folate chemotherapy in lung cancer
Authors: Liang S-Q , Marti T M , Dorn P , Froment L , Hall S R R , Berezowska S , Kocher G , Schmid R A , Peng R-W 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAnticancer therapies currently used in the clinic often can neither eradicate the tumor nor prevent disease recurrence due to tumor resistance. In this study, we showed that chemoresistance to pemetrexed, a multi-target anti-folate (MTA) chemotherapeutic agent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is associated with a stem cell-like phenotype characterized by an enriched stem cell gene signature, augmented aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and greater clonogenic potential. Mechanistically, chemoresistance to MTA requires activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway in that an experimentally induced EMT per se promotes chemoresistance in NSCLC and inhibition of EMT signaling by kaempferol renders the otherwise chemoresistant cancer cells susceptible to MTA. Relevant to the clinical setting, human primary NSCLC cells with an elevated EMT signaling feature a significantly enhanced potential to resist MTA, whereas concomitant administration of kaempferol abrogates MTA chemoresistance, regardless of whether it is due to an intrinsic or induced activation of the EMT pathway. Collectively, our findings reveal that a bona fide activation of EMT pathway is required and sufficient for chemoresistance to MTA and that kaempferol potently regresses this chemotherapy refractory phenotype, highlighting the potential of EMT pathway inhibition to enhance chemotherapeutic response of lung cancer.
A generic concept to overcome bandgap limitations for designing highly efficient multi-junction photovoltaic cells
Authors: Guo Fei , Li Ning , Fecher Frank W. , Gasparini Nicola , Quiroz Cesar Omar Ramirez , Bronnbauer Carina , Hou Yi , Radmilović Vuk V. , Radmilović Velimir R. , Spiecker Erdmann , Forberich Karen , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe multi-junction concept is the most relevant approach to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit for single-junction photovoltaic cells. The record efficiencies of several types of solar technologies are held by series-connected tandem configurations. However, the stringent current-matching criterion presents primarily a material challenge and permanently requires developing and processing novel semiconductors with desired bandgaps and thicknesses. Here we report a generic concept to alleviate this limitation. By integrating series- and parallel-interconnections into a triple-junction configuration, we find significantly relaxed material selection and current-matching constraints. To illustrate the versatile applicability of the proposed triple-junction concept, organic and organic-inorganic hybrid triple-junction solar cells are constructed by printing methods. High fill factors up to 68% without resistive losses are achieved for both organic and hybrid triple-junction devices. Series/parallel triple-junction cells with organic, as well as perovskite-based subcells may become a key technology to further advance the efficiency roadmap of the existing photovoltaic technologies.
Transient brain activity disentangles fMRI resting-state dynamics in terms of spatially and temporally overlapping networks
Authors: Karahanoğlu Fikret Işik , Van De Ville Dimitri 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDynamics of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provide a new window onto the organizational principles of brain function. Using state-of-the-art signal processing techniques, we extract innovation-driven co-activation patterns (iCAPs) from resting-state fMRI. The iCAPs’ maps are spatially overlapping and their sustained-activity signals temporally overlapping. Decomposing resting-state fMRI using iCAPs reveals the rich spatiotemporal structure of functional components that dynamically assemble known resting-state networks. The temporal overlap between iCAPs is substantial; typically, three to four iCAPs occur simultaneously in combinations that are consistent with their behaviour profiles. In contrast to conventional connectivity analysis, which suggests a negative correlation between fluctuations in the default-mode network (DMN) and task-positive networks, we instead find evidence for two DMN-related iCAPs consisting the posterior cingulate cortex that differentially interact with the attention network. These findings demonstrate how the fMRI resting state can be functionally decomposed into spatially and temporally overlapping building blocks using iCAPs.
Chemical structure imaging of a single molecule by atomic force microscopy at room temperature
Authors: Iwata Kota , Yamazaki Shiro , Mutombo Pingo , Hapala Prokop , Ondráček Martin , Jelínek Pavel , Sugimoto Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAtomic force microscopy is capable of resolving the chemical structure of a single molecule on a surface. In previous research, such high resolution has only been obtained at low temperatures. Here we demonstrate that the chemical structure of a single molecule can be clearly revealed even at room temperature. 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride, which is strongly adsorbed onto a corner-hole site of a Si(111)–(7 × 7) surface in a bridge-like configuration is used for demonstration. Force spectroscopy combined with first-principle calculations clarifies that chemical structures can be resolved independent of tip reactivity. We show that the submolecular contrast over a central part of the molecule is achieved in the repulsive regime due to differences in the attractive van der Waals interaction and the Pauli repulsive interaction between different sites of the molecule.
D2HGDH regulates alpha-ketoglutarate levels and dioxygenase function by modulating IDH2
Authors: Lin An-Ping , Abbas Saman , Kim Sang-Woo , Ortega Manoela , Bouamar Hakim , Escobedo Yissela , Varadarajan Prakash , Qin Yuejuan , Sudderth Jessica , Schulz Eduard , Deutsch Alexander , Mohan Sumitra , Ulz Peter , Neumeister Peter , Rakheja Dinesh , Gao Xiaoli , Hinck Andrew , Weintraub Susan T. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Sill Heinz , Dahia Patricia L. M. , Aguiar Ricardo C. T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIsocitrate dehydrogenases (IDH) convert isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG). In cancer, mutant IDH1/2 reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG) disrupting α-KG-dependent dioxygenases. However, the physiological relevance of controlling the interconversion of D2‐HG into α‐KG, mediated by D2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase (D2HGDH), remains obscure. Here we show that wild-type D2HGDH elevates α-KG levels, influencing histone and DNA methylation, and HIF1α hydroxylation. Conversely, the D2HGDH mutants that we find in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are enzymatically inert. D2-HG is a low-abundance metabolite, but we show that it can meaningfully elevate α-KG levels by positively modulating mitochondrial IDH activity and inducing IDH2 expression. Accordingly, genetic depletion of IDH2 abrogates D2HGDH effects, whereas ectopic IDH2 rescues D2HGDH-deficient cells. Our data link D2HGDH to cancer and describe an additional role for the enzyme: the regulation of IDH2 activity and α-KG-mediated epigenetic remodelling. These data further expose the intricacies of mitochondrial metabolism and inform on the pathogenesis of D2HGDH-deficient diseases.
Free Language Selection in the Bilingual Brain: An Event-Related fMRI Study
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Tao , Huang Peiyu , Li Dan , Qiu Jiang , Shen Tong , Xie Peng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBilingual speakers may select between two languages either on demand (forced language selection) or on their own volition (free language selection). However, the neural substrates underlying free and forced language selection may differ. While the neural substrates underlying forced language selection have been well-explored with language switching paradigms, those underlying free language selection have remained unclear. Using a modified digit-naming switching paradigm, we addressed the neural substrates underlying free language selection by contrasting free language switching with forced language switching. For a digit-pair trial, Chinese-English bilinguals named each digit in Chinese or English either on demand under forced language selection condition or on their own volition under free language selection condition. The results revealed activation in the frontoparietal regions that mediate volition of language selection. Furthermore, a comparison of free and forced language switching demonstrated differences in the patterns of brain activation. Additionally, free language switching showed reduced switching costs as compared to forced language switching. These findings suggest differences between the mechanism(s) underlying free and forced language switching. As such, the current study suggests interactivity between control of volition and control of language switching in free language selection, providing insights into a model of bilingual language control.
Insights into the pan-microbiome: skin microbial communities of Chinese individuals differ from other racial groups
Authors: Leung Marcus H. Y. , Wilkins David , Lee Patrick K. H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany studies have characterized microbiomes of western individuals. However, studies involving non-westerners are scarce. This study characterizes the skin microbiomes of Chinese individuals. Skin-associated genera, including Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Enhydrobacter were prevalent. Extensive inter-individual microbiome variations were detected, with core genera present in all individuals constituting a minority of genera detected. Species-level analyses presented dominance of potential opportunistic pathogens in respective genera. Host properties including age, gender and household were associated with variations in community structure. For all sampled sites, skin microbiomes within an individual is more similar than that of different co-habiting individuals, which is in turn more similar than individuals living in different households. Network analyses highlighted general and skin-site specific relationships between genera. Comparison of microbiomes from different population groups revealed race-based clustering explained by community membership (Global R = 0.968) and structure (Global R = 0.589), contributing to enlargement of the skin pan-microbiome. This study provides the foundation for subsequent in-depth characterization and microbial interactive analyses on the skin and other parts of the human body in different racial groups and an appreciation that the human skin pan-microbiome can be much larger than that of a single population.
Translocation of Non-Canonical Polypeptides into Cells Using Protective Antigen
Authors: Rabideau Amy E. , Liao Xiaoli , Akçay Gizem , Pentelute Bradley L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA variety of pathogenic bacteria infect host eukaryotic cells using protein toxins, which enter the cytosol and exert their cytotoxic effects. Anthrax lethal toxin, for example, utilizes the membrane-spanning translocase, protective antigen (PA) pore, to deliver the protein toxin lethal factor (LF) from the endosome into the cytosol of cells. Previous work has investigated the delivery of natural peptides and enzymatic domains appended to the C-terminus of the PA-binding domain of lethal factor (LFN) into the cytosol via PA pore. Here, we move beyond natural amino acids and systematically investigate the translocation of polypeptide cargo containing non-canonical amino acids and functionalities through PA pore. Our results indicate translocation is not perturbed with alterations to the peptide backbone or side-chain. Moreover, despite their structural complexity, we found that the small molecule drugs, doxorubicin and monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) translocated efficiently through PA pore. However, we found cyclic peptides and the small molecule drug docetaxel abrogated translocation due to their large size and structural rigidity. For cargos that reached the cytosol, we demonstrated that each remained intact after translocation. These studies show PA is capable of translocating non-canonical cargo provided it is in a conformational state conducive for passage through the narrow pore.
Exploring Host-Microbiome Interactions using an in Silico Model of Biomimetic Robots and Engineered Living Cells
Authors: Heyde Keith C. , Ruder Warren C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe microbiome’s underlying dynamics play an important role in regulating the behavior and health of its host. In order to explore the details of these interactions, we created an in silico model of a living microbiome, engineered with synthetic biology, that interfaces with a biomimetic, robotic host. By analytically modeling and computationally simulating engineered gene networks in these commensal communities, we reproduced complex behaviors in the host. We observed that robot movements depended upon programmed biochemical network dynamics within the microbiome. These results illustrate the model’s potential utility as a tool for exploring inter-kingdom ecological relationships. These systems could impact fields ranging from synthetic biology and ecology to biophysics and medicine.