bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Magnesium Hydroxide Submicroplatelets from Laterite Leaching Solutions
Authors: Gao Jian-ming , Zhang Mei , Guo Min 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Magnesium hydroxide submicroplatelets were synthesized from laterite leaching solutions by using two methods, namely, precipitation and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction results coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry indicated that all the samples were well-crystallized Mg(OH)2 with a hexagonal structure. Scanning electron microscope images showed that nanosized Mg(OH)2 synthesized by the hydrothermal method have transformed into regular, scattered, and well-defined hexagonal platelets. Thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that Mg(OH)2 submicroplatelets synthesized by the hydrothermal method became more stable.
Formulation of Silver Nanowire–Polyaniline Hybrid Transparent Electrodes by Using Catechol-enriched Polyaniline
Authors: Kim Sung Min , Lee Jihoon , In Insik , Park Sung Young 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A highly conducting and optically transparent silver nanowire–polyaniline (AgNW–PANI) hybrid network was formulated by mussel-inspired conjugation of catechol-enriched PANI with AgNW. Chemical bridging rather than physical mixing of electrically conducting PANI with AgNW successfully produced transparent conducting film on plastic substrates with enhanced adhesion.
Preparation of Sub-20-μm Conductive Silver Pattern Using Photosensitive Silver Paste
Authors: Kim Suk-Joon , Lee Jang Mi , Lee Won-Jin , Kim Sungtae , Park Chan Pil , Park Byoungnam , In Insik 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Photosensitive silver paste was formulated by mixing microsized silver powders, polymeric binders, acrylic monomers, and photoinitiators in an organic medium. A conductive silver line pattern with a width of sub-20 µm was successfully prepared through the simple photolithography process on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. Strong adhesion and high electrical conductivity of up to 2.8 × 10−4 Ω cm were accomplished in the presence of triethylamine as an activating agent, which enables the facile sintering of silver particles into a conductive silver pattern, which is critical for the construction of touchscreen panels with a narrow bezel width.
Mesoscopic Dynamics of Laser-induced Phase Separation in Water and 2-Butoxyethanol Mixtures Revealed by Nanosecond Time-resolved Light Scattering
Authors: Toyouchi Shuichi , Kajimoto Shinji , Toda Masatoshi , Kawakatsu Toshihiro , Akama Yohji , Kotani Motoko , Fukumura Hiroshi 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
For the first time, we have succeeded in observing the dynamics of laser-induced phase separation in a water/2-butoxyethanol mixture by applying nanosecond time-resolved light scattering on a submicron scale. The scattering revealed that the domain size of the mixture during phase separation was almost constant at 300 nm for 10 µs after a laser T-jump, and the light scattering intensity increased exponentially with time. The results clearly indicate that the early stage of spinodal decomposition described by Cahn–Hilliard theory occurred in the mixture for 10 µs.
Eccentric compression of large varicose veins after foam sclerotherapy using a novel silicone gel pad
Authors: Ragg J. C. 
Published: September 2014

ZusammenfassungZiel: Wir evaluierten eine neuartige exzentrische Kompression, die ultraschalltransparentes Silikon-Gel zwischen selbstklebenden Fo-lien als individuelles Druckpolster verwendet.Methodik: Es wurden 120 Patienten mit 148 oberflächlichen Varizen (Ø 5,1–13,7 mm; MW: 7,6) nach Schaumverödung einbezogen: A) segmental randomisiert mit fokaler Kompression durch Silikon-Gel-Polster (Venartis® SGP) für 14 Tage plus Kompressionsstrumpf KKl. 2 (KS) tagsüber für 28 Tage, oder B) nur KS. Das SGP-System besteht aus einer selbstklebenden Basisfolie, auf die Silikon dem Venenverlauf folgend aufgetragen wird. Eine zweite Folie bedeckt Gel und Basisfolie. Den Patienten war Duschen erlaubt. Ermittelt wurden Querschnittsreduktion (QR, Ultra-schallscans) sowie klinische Parameter nach 2, 4 und 8 Wochen.Ergebnisse: Segmente mit SGP zeigten gegenüber KS eine höhere QR, im Mittel 52,5 vs. 23,1 % (2 Wo), 48,4 vs. 28,9 % (4 Wo) und 66,7 vs. 39,2 % (8 Wo). Entzündungsreaktionen waren unter SGP mit 12,4 vs. 39,9 % signifikant seltener, ebenso Verfärbungen mit 10,8 vs. 35,1 %. Minithrombektomien (8,1 vs. 29,7 %) und orale Analgetika (6,8 vs. 19,6 %) wurden seltener benötigt. Unerwünschte Wirkungen: Diskrete Hautirritationen (10,1 %).Schlussfolgerung: Indikationsspezifische Silikonhärten, Dosierungen, Tragezeiten und die Höhe externer Drücke bedürfen weiterer Untersuchungen, wobei die Ultraschalltransparenz neue Wege eröffnet.
Intellectual Resources Creation: Moving From Idea to Product via Small-Scale Innovative Enterprise
Authors: Лазько  , Lazko Marina , Семчук  , Semchuk N. 
Published: September 2014

The paper reviews the story of how three small-scale innovative enterprises, specializing on developing probiotic fermented milk food of specific functionality,
develop mutual cooperation. The paper highlights succession of designers’ development ideas, availability of unique technologies, possibility to found experimental
facilities and mini milk processing complex. The author reveal, how ideas emerge, how their commercial value is examined and evaluated, how leaders’
capacities are coined and cultivated, how to use professional competences, gained at the innovative small-scale enterprise, and how these competences drive
further career advancement. The authors show also how students can participate in research work, in intellectual property development and in formally registering
developed intellectual property. On the whole the paper presents experiences of the Astrakhan State University in developing small-scale innovative
enterprises.
Musical Communication: Problems of Theory and Practice
Authors: Калицкий  , Kalitskiy V. , Диденко  , Didenko N. 
Published: September 2014

The article considers the concept of musical communication as the content
of music and performing practice. Phenomenon of existence of a musical
work in miscommunication relationships. Reveals the importance of
an integrated approach for the most successful performance of a musical
work. The need detailed consideration of the phenomenon of musical communication
serves to update through a review and analysis as a means
of Humanities and art history. The essence and specific features of the
phenomenon are projected on specific examples of music: in the process
of composing musical works of the composer, his artistic interpretation by
the contractor and multifaceted perception of the recipient. The authors of
this article, with special emphasis on musical practice of the twentieth century
(especially in the field of writing and interpretation of piano works by
russian and western european composers and performers), allowing most
adequately and fully disclose material provisions of musical communication.
Information Communications in the Higher School Educational Space
Authors: Захаров  , Zakharov A. 
Published: September 2014

Within the Federal Target Programme on the Development of Education in Russia strategic projects on introduction of new models for managing education
and arranging educational process are being implemented in all higher educational institutions of this country. This transformation is going on in the context
of large-scale use of information and telecommunication technologies, which are aimed to ensure the individual approach to education on the basis of merging
educational process with technologies and also to reduce costs for the shift towards innovation development of higher educational institutions. The significant
role of self-guided work, stipulated within the third generation educational standards, emphasizes top priority issues both on effective arrangement
and control of students’ learning outcomes and on helping to reduce teachers’ efforts for functions to deliver knowledge to learners.
Theoretical Approaches to Employing the Assessment Center Technology
Authors: Никитина  , Nikitina M. 
Published: September 2014

Given the current conditions of tough competitive struggle, many companies seek to form teams of professionals, who share the corporate values and philosophy
and are capable to contribute significantly to the strategic development of the organization. In this regard, particular attention is given to personnel
selection. There are many various methods of staff selection. However, the traditional ones used to select employees are becoming increasingly obsolete, and
have gone their time. Instead new, more effective methods are being introduced. One of such new methods is one of the assessment center. The assessment
center method is based on carrying out various group simulation exercises aimed to identify which of the competences considered do the group members
possess. The author reveals the concept of the assessment center, describes the types of simulation exercises and the main stages of the assessment center
technology, specifies the role and activities performed by assessment center inspectors.
Choosing Relevant Organizational Culture in the Restaurant Business. Part Two
Authors: Зарьков  , Zarkov B. 
Published: September 2014

The problem of a choice of an organizational culture adequate to the situation, in which a specific restaurant business is at the moment, is discussed in the
article. After a brief analysis of main organizational cultures, their advantages and disadvantages applied to specificity of the restaurant business it is mentioned
that the most common culture in this field is the culture of power. The substance of this culture is quite simple. All power and influence are accumulated along
the concentric lines, which surround the leader (in the restaurant business this role most likely belongs to the owner) and diminish with increasing distance
from him. The main feature of this type of culture is that the relationship with the leader is much more important than a formal position in a company.
Role culture in restaurant business is more effective when life is easily predictable. Although this culture has low tolerance to any sorts of changes. Typical response
of a role culture to the changes is disregard. Another common scenario in case of changes for such culture is to continue functioning just like before,
but even more insistently and diligently. Task culture in restaurant business is effective during the early stages of development, for example when creating a
new restaurant. Another case of its efficiency is applying it during vast changes, like when a restaurant is changing its concept and style. This culture is not
typical and is far from being durable in the restaurant business. In case of failure, it should be rapidly transformed into the culture of power, in case of success —
into the role culture.
It is stated that there is no universal solution to the problem of choice of an adequate organizational culture in the restaurant business. In every separate case
the choice should be individual, based on the size of the business, its stage of development, market conditions and current organizational technology of the
restaurant business.
Sustainable Development of Regional Economics and Applied Financial Accounting (Case Study of the Republic of Belarus)
Authors: Климук  , Klimuk V. , Светкина  , Svetkina I. 
Published: September 2014

System-oriented analysis of social and economic development for the period of
2005–2012 is performed for the case of the Republic of Belarus. The authors
review the writings of the Russian and foreign researchers on the concept of
“sustainability” and outline several kinds thereof, including production sustainability,
social sustainability, economic sustainability, environmental and energy
sustainability. Algorithm for calculating special case sustainability and integral
sustainability of a national economy development is proposed. The algorithm
makes it possible to assess both specific aspects of a particular region’s performance
and the dynamics of development for a country as a whole. Specific
levels of sustainability in economic development of Belarus as for the period in
question are calculated. The same calculation is done for the complex level of
Belarus economy development. The authors further explore and then compare
structures of balance sheet under the standards of Belarus. Highlighted are indicators,
that should be shown in the balance sheets of two countries and thus
applicable for assessing sustainability of development of a country (or region).
Economics of Education: Current Problems
Authors: Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid , Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: September 2014

Research findings on the actual problems in the economics of education in
Russia are presented. It is shown that education cannot be treated as a public
benefit. Due to positive externalities education is socially significant. It is
incorrect to treat such the category as &#34;education&#34; as one of public benefits. New
forms of the Russian education establishments – such as autonomous and
&#34;new&#34; budgetary establishments – demonstrate economic behavior, closely
similar to models of managerial and neoclassical theories of firm. The marginal
analysis based on calculation of direct variable costs allows to define the breakeven
level for a tuition fee, and for the budgetary subsidy for training. Their size
is defined by the amount of teaching employees compensations. Educational
establishments’ overall costs significantly exceed the marginal costs providing
for break-even point. The majority of Russia’s universities can successfully
implement differentiation strategy through offering new educational programs,
which require the correspondent marginal costs to be set on a break-even level.
The function of economic management is argued to be a new objective for
educational establishments. The authors prove that these objectives can be met
based on the use of approaches and methods applied by commercial
organizations. The teachers workload, conditioned based on setting the norm
for the number of learners per teacher, depends significantly on the overall
number of students. Heavy teachers’ workload is conditioned by the insufficient
number of students. Macroeconomic efficiency of human capital, accrued in the
education system, has been decreasing rapidly since 2011, which can be due to
economic inefficiency of educational establishments.
Distinctive Features of Oil and Gas Regions at the North of Russia
Authors: Сорокина  , Sorokina Natalia , Румянцев  , Rumyantsev A. 
Published: September 2014

The paper explores specifics inherent to the oil and gas producing regions at the
North of Russia. Classic and contemporary approaches to classifying oil-andgas
regions of Russia are presented, their distinctive features as objects of
analysis and management are outlined/ Special attention is given to classifying
the northern regions in the terms of degree of their resource potential
development. As is shown, the main features of oil and gas producing regions
at the North of Russia are the following: sector-specific economic structure,
extreme environmental — climate and natural — conditions, complexity of
socio-economic systems arrangements.
Learning from Experience, Simply
Authors: Lin Song , Zhang Juanjuan , Hauser John R. 
Published: September 2014

There is substantial academic interest in modeling consumer experiential learning. However, (approximately) optimal solutions to forward-looking experiential learning problems are complex, limiting their behavioral plausibility and empirical feasibility. We propose that consumers use cognitively simple heuristic strategies. We explore one viable heuristic—index strategies—and demonstrate that they are intuitive, tractable, and plausible. Index strategies are much simpler for consumers to use but provide close-to-optimal utility. They also avoid exponential growth in computational complexity, enabling researchers to study learning models in more complex situations. Well-defined index strategies depend on a structural property called indexability. We prove the indexability of a canonical forward-looking experiential learning model in which consumers learn brand quality while facing random utility shocks. Following an index strategy, consumers develop an index for each brand separately and choose the brand with the highest index. Using synthetic data, we demonstrate that an index strategy achieves nearly optimal utility at substantially lower computational costs. Using IRI data for diapers, we find that an index strategy performs as well as an approximately optimal solution and better than myopic learning. We extend the analysis to incorporate risk aversion, other cognitively simple heuristics, heterogeneous foresight, and an alternative specification of brands.
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis
Authors: Fenzl Anna , Kiefer Florian W. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The growing understanding of adipose tissue as an important endocrine organ with multiple metabolic functions has directed the attention to the (patho)physiology of distinct fat depots. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), in contrast to bona fide white fat, can dissipate significant amounts of chemical energy through uncoupled respiration and heat production (thermogenesis). This process is mediated by the major thermogenic factor uncoupling protein-1 and can be activated by certain stimuli, such as cold exposure, adrenergic compounds or genetic alterations. White adipose tissue (WAT) depots, however, also possess the capacity to acquire brown fat characteristics in response to thermogenic stimuli. The induction of a BAT-like cellular and molecular program in WAT has recently been termed “browning” or “beiging”. Promotion of BAT activity or the browning of WAT is associated with in vivo cold tolerance, increased energy expenditure, and protection against obesity and type 2 diabetes. These preclinical observations have gained additional significance with the recent discovery that active BAT is present in adult humans and can be detected by 18fluor-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography. As in rodents, human BAT can be activated by cold exposure and is associated with increased energy turnover and lower body fat mass. Despite the tremendous progress in brown fat research in recent years, pharmacological concepts to harness BAT function therapeutically are currently still lacking.
Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE): structure, biological roles, and molecular basis for chloride ion dependence
Authors: Masuyer Geoffrey , Yates Christopher J. , Sturrock Edward D. , Acharya K. Ravi 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSomatic angiotensin-I converting enzyme (sACE) has an essential role in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte fluid homeostasis. It is a zinc protease that cleaves angiotensin-I (AngI), bradykinin, and a broad range of other signalling peptides. The enzyme activity is provided by two homologous domains (N- and C-), which display clear differences in substrate specificities and chloride activation. The presence of chloride ions in sACE and its unusual role in activity was identified early on in the characterisation of the enzyme. The molecular mechanisms of chloride activation have been investigated thoroughly through mutagenesis studies and shown to be substrate-dependent. Recent results from X-ray crystallography structural analysis have provided the basis for the intricate interactions between ACE, its substrate and chloride ions. Here we describe the role of chloride ions in human ACE and its physiological consequences. Insights into the chloride activation of the N- and C-domains could impact the design of improved domain-specific ACE inhibitors.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol levels in term infants born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Authors: Prasanth Kaninghat , Kamat Medha , Khilfeh Manhal , Davis Vanessa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo evaluate cord blood concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol in well term infants born with and without meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and term infants born with MSAF who experienced respiratory distress (RD).This was a prospective observational study. Fifty-four term infants were enrolled in the study in three groups: group 1 consisted of 18 well infants who were born with clear amniotic fluid, group 2 had 18 well infants born with MSAF, and group 3 had 18 infants born with MSAF who experienced RD in the first 24 h of age. Cord blood ACTH and cortisol concentrations were measured in infants born in all three groups. Groups 2 and 3 had serum ACTH and cortisol levels re-measured at 22–26 h of age.The mean ACTH and cortisol levels at birth in group 3 infants were 18.3 pg/mL and 12.6 mg/dL, respectively. These were significantly lower than those in group 2 infants.Term infants born with MSAF and who experienced respiratory distress had significantly lower levels of ACTH and cortisol at birth compared with well term infants born with MSAF or clear amniotic fluid. This study suggests that inadequate response of ACTH and cortisol hormones may play a role in the development of respiratory distress in term infants with MSAF.
Understanding Sources of Self-Efficacy of Chinese Students Learning English in an American Institution
Authors: Zuo Huifang , Wang Chuang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This qualitative study explores the sources of the self-efficacy development of five Chinese doctoral students’ use of English as a second language in a southeastern university in the United Sates. Although individual differences were reported, common themes were also recognized. Consistent with the self-efficacy theory and previous studies in this field, the major factors that influenced the participants’ self-efficacy beliefs to use English are (1) past performance, (2) peers’ and advisors’ influence, (3) social persuasions, (4) emotional and physiological states, (5) self-awareness of English proficiency, (6) familiarity with and the difficulty level of the tasks, and (7) interest. The uniqueness of this study is that western individualism and Chinese collectivism were considered in the discussion of self-efficacy development. In order to improve Chinese students’ self-efficacy beliefs in learning English as well as to enhance their academic attainments and professional performance, it is necessary to explicitly understand which factors and components play significant roles in the development of their self-efficacy beliefs.
Fähigkeitsbewertung klassifizierender
Bildverarbeitungssysteme für Prüfaufgaben – Teil 1
Authors: Neubecker Ralph 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Klassifizierende Bildverarbeitungssysteme sind weit verbreitet,
z. B. in der industriellen Qualitätskontrolle. Heute gibt es keine
etablierten Methoden, um deren Fähigkeit quantitativ zu
erfassen. Hier wird eine Systematik vorgestellt, die sich an
grundlegenden Bildverarbeitungsfunktionalitäten orientiert und
daraus Kenngrößen für den gesamten Prüfprozess ableitet. Auf
dieser Basis können Bildverarbeitungssysteme problemangepasst
ausgelegt und deren Fähigkeit empirisch bestimmt werden.
Der erste Teil des Artikels führt in die Problematik ein und
behandelt ein einfaches Beispiel. Im zweiten Teil wird ein
erweitertes Beispiel dargestellt, die Frage der empirischen
Bewertung, sowie weitergehende Aspekte behandelt.