bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Flux Rope Dynamics: MMS Observations and Reconstruction Results
Authors: Teh Wai-Leong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A series of six ion-scale magnetic flux ropes (FR1–6) and a thin current sheet, encountered by Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the magnetosheath side of the dayside magnetopause boundary layer, are studied for multiple flux rope dynamics in terms of energy conversion and two-dimensional geometry structure. The thin current sheet is identified in between FR1 and FR2. The energy exchange between electromagnetic fields and plasmas is dynamic in FR1–5 and also surrounding the flux ropes, while a low-energy conversion rate is seen in FR6. Different energy conversions exist in the flux ropes: energy dynamo is predominant in FR1 and FR5, while energy dissipation is dominated in FR2–4. Both the energy dynamo and dissipation primarily result from j
∥
E
∥. Strong dissipation, surrounded by an energy dynamo, happens at the thin current sheet and is accompanied by ion agyrotropic behavior. From the reconstructed magnetic field maps, the estimated aspect ratios of the six flux ropes are 0.78, 0.16, 0.66, 0.11, 0.40, and 0.46 in order, and the thickness of the thin current sheet is ∼63 km (∼1.8 ion inertial length). Evidently, the magnetic field map shows that FR4 is a coalescing flux rope where a pronounced dissipation is present. The overall finding agrees with the previous simulation studies of multiple island coalescence.
Statistics of Energy in Isothermal Supersonic Turbulence
Authors: Rabatin Branislav , Collins David C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Supersonic isothermal turbulence is a common process in astrophysical systems. In this work, we explore the energy in such systems. We show that the conserved energy is the sum of the kinetic energy (K) and Helmholtz free energy (F). We develop analytic predictions for the probability distributions, P(F) and P(K), as well as their nontrivial joint distribution, P(F, K). We verify these predictions with a suite of driven turbulence simulations, finding excellent agreement. The turbulence simulations were performed at Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 8, and three modes of driving: purely solenoidal, purely compressive, and mixed. We find that P(F) is discontinuous at F = 0, with the discontinuity increasing with Mach number and compressive driving. P(K) resembles a lognormal with a negative skew. The joint distribution, P(F, K), shows a bimodal distribution, with gas either existing at high F and high K or at low F and low K.
La tendresse dans le contre-transfert
Authors: Schwering Karl-Leo 
Published: July 2024

L’importance des affects dans le travail clinique a été progressivement reconnue depuis que Winnicott s’est consacré à en dégager un aspect particulièrement vif : la haine du clinicien pour le patient. Mais qu’en est-il de l’amour, et en particulier une de ses manifestations, la tendresse ? Découvrir et éprouver de la tendresse pour le patient dans le contre-transfert s’avère indispensable pour soigner les effets de la détresse, et donc du traumatisme. En particulier en cas de maladie grave, à l’hôpital.
Le deuil épistémique : trajectoires familiales et sociales vers la radicalisation « hybride »
Authors: Veissière Samuel , Johnson-Lafleur Janique , Ngov Cindy , Savard Christian , Rousseau Cécile 
Published: July 2024

Cet article s’appuie sur les résultats d’une étude menée en partenariat entre une équipe pluridisciplinaire de cliniciens en santé mentale de Montréal, spécialisés en intervention auprès de personnes attirées par ou engagées dans l’extrémisme violent, et une équipe de recherche qui documente et étudie les interventions de l’équipe. L’étude documente l’émergence de systèmes de croyances de plus en plus dystopiques, hétérogènes et violents, particulièrement chez les jeunes. La perte de confiance dans les institutions et un malaise autour des représentations et rôles de genre sont des thématiques récurrentes. Une analyse des dynamiques familiales et sociales dans les trajectoires de patients attirés par l’extrémisme violent suggère l’existence de processus traumatiques de quête de sens et d’appartenance qui font écho à des mécanismes de perte, de régression et de deuil. Les auteurs proposent de concevoir ce mécanisme comme un « deuil épistémique » qui pourrait aider à expliquer l’émergence d’idéologies hybrides dans le paysage de l’extrémisme violent.
Workplace Resilience and Stress Among Certified Nursing Assistants in Long-Term Care Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Kuo Ju-Chuan , Liao Hui-Yen , Chen Shiu-Ping , Pai Hsiang-Chu 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To explore the relationship among resilience, stress, and demographic factors in certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who worked in long-term care institutions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Method:
A cross-sectional correlation-based research design was used. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Occupational Stress Scale. CNAs from 21 long-term care institutions in Taiwan were recruited.

Results:
This study included 118 female and 26 male CNAs (response rate = 80%). Mean age was 46.8 years. A moderately negative correlation was found between workplace resilience and stress. Overall, being a woman and parent were found to be significantly correlated with CNAs' resilience. Furthermore, resilience and shift work were important predictors of stress.

Conclusion:

We suggest that leadership and management pay more attention to CNAs' basic demographic background information. Furthermore, timely, relevant strategies can be provided to enhance resilience and reduce workplace stress. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(7), 19–26.]
Normalized solutions to nonautonomous Kirchhoff equation
Authors: Qiu Xin , Ou Zeng Qi , Lv Ying 
Published: July 2024

<p>In this paper, we studied the existence of normalized solutions to the following Kirchhoff equation with a perturbation:</p><p><disp-formula> <label/> <tex-math id="FE1"> \begin{document}$ \left\{ \begin{aligned}	&amp;-\left(a+b\int _{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\left | \nabla u \right|^{2} dx\right)\Delta u+\lambda u = |u|^{p-2} u+h(x)\left |u\right |^{q-2}u, \quad \text{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N}, \\	&amp;\int_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}\left|u\right|^{2}dx = c, \quad u \in H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N}), \end{aligned} \right. $\end{document} </tex-math></disp-formula></p><p>where $ 1\le N\le 3, a, b, c &gt; 0, 1\leq q &lt; 2 $, $ \lambda \in \mathbb{R} $. We treated three cases:</p><p>(i) When $ 2 &lt; p &lt; 2+\frac{4}{N}, h(x)\ge0 $, we obtained the existence of a global constraint minimizer.</p><p>(ii) When $ 2+\frac{8}{N} &lt; p &lt; 2^{*}, h(x)\ge0 $, we proved the existence of a mountain pass solution.</p><p>(iii) When $ 2+\frac{8}{N} &lt; p &lt; 2^{*}, h(x)\leq0 $, we established the existence of a bound state solution.</p>
« Ne sçachant que c'est de trahison ny infidelité » : fidélités multiples et conflits de loyauté au sein de la diplomatie française dans le Saint-Empire (années 1590 - années 1620)
Authors: Desenclos Camille 
Published: July 2024

« Honorable espion », le diplomate sert son souverain à la fois en faisant preuve d’une fidélité absolue à son égard et de transgression morale au sein de sa cour de résidence (corruption, espionnage, désinformation). Cet équilibre, plus précaire encore compte tenu de la marge de manœuvre générée par l’éloignement, semble être maîtrisé par les agents diplomatiques, y compris dans des contextes aussi troublés que la fin des guerres de Religion ou les débuts de la guerre de Trente Ans. Pourtant, certains agents, comme Jean Péricard, ambassadeur auprès des Archiducs de Flandres (1616-1624), sont accusés de trahison, en raison de leur fidélité, réelle ou supposée, à un patron lui-même accusé de trahison. Inversement, Étienne de Sainte-Catherine, résident auprès de l’électeur palatin (1612-1620), cherchant à passer au service du duc de Wurtemberg, n’est nullement accusé de trahison. À partir des parcours des agents diplomatiques français dans l’Empire, il s’agit donc d’interroger les diverses configurations et articulations de la fidélité au sein du service diplomatique à travers l’appréciation des fautes, de l’infidélité à la trahison, qui leur sont imputées
Effects of Capnoperitoneum on Liver Functions: A Comparison Between Biliary and Non-Biliary Laparoscopic Surgeries.
Authors: Reddy R. Madhava , Priyanka S. , Rahul Metri , Manujunath Navyashree K. 
Published: July 2024

Background: Laparoscopic procedures done using capnoperitoneum causes altered enzyme activity, which is subclinical most of time hence goes undiagnosed, leading to life threatening complications in patients with compromised hepatic function. Studies on altered hepatic enzyme activity has been done on patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy and seldom on laparoscopic non biliary surgeries, which we encounter daily. Hence aim of study was to compare effects of capnoperitoneum on liver functions in biliary and non-biliary surgeries.Methods: This prospective clinical observational study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical clearance. Study was done on 60 patients undergoing surgeries. They were divided into two groups biliary and non-biliary based on undergoing surgeries. Patients blood sample was collected preoperatively and 24 hours postoperative for accessing liver enzymes. Statistical analysis done using SPSS version 23. Shapiro- wilk, paired ‘t’and chi- square tests were used to analyse the data. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: The comparative parameters liver enzymes done pre and post operatively in biliary group total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin and in non-biliary group aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin were statistically significant.Conclusion: Post operative elevation in liver enzymes was found in both biliary and non biliary surgeries but enzymes specific to liver injury was found in biliary group.
Relationship between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels with Pain Intensity and Duration of Labor Stages in Primiparous Women
Authors: Beni Mahsa Naderi , Mousavi Parvaneh , Latifi Seyed Mahmood , Beigi Marjan , Abbaspoor Zahra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Prolonged labor is associated with various maternal and neonatal complications. This study aims to investigate the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and pain intensity and duration of labor stages in primiparous women.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iran from November 2021 to January 2022 and comprised primiparous women who were in active labor after a term pregnancy (37–42 weeks). Five milliliter of blood was taken from each subject and centrifuged for the measurement of vitamin D level using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HLPC) method was used to measure 25-OH vitamin D. In addition, through history, examination, and investigations, the subjects were evaluated according to the pain intensity and duration of the first (active phase) and second stages of labor.

Results:
The results of the Pearson correlation test indicated a significant relationship between vitamin D and active phase duration (r = 0.64, p = 0.012), second stage duration (r = 0.73, p = 0.001), pain intensity of the active phase (r = 0.61, p = 0.022), and pain intensity of the second stage (r = 0.65, p = 0.026). According to the analysis of variance table, based on vitamin D, there were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the active phase duration, second stage duration, pain intensity of the active phase, and that of the second stage of labor (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Low levels of vitamin D may influence the progress of labor and increase the rate of prolonged labor.
Effectiveness of Logotherapy on the Organization-Based Self-Esteem and Job Satisfaction of Employed Midwives
Authors: Bazargan-Sabet Farahnaz , Alidousti Katayoun , Tashk Anahita , Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid , Ahmadi Atefeh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Midwives as one of the most effective members of the health systems play a key role in delivering health services to mothers and children who are vulnerable groups of the society. This research aimed to investigate the effect of Logotherapy on job satisfaction and Organization-Based Self-Esteem (OBSE) of employed midwives.

Materials and Methods:
This is a quasi-experimental study with the pretest and posttest design and a control group from all midwives employed in the public hospital of Rasht City in Iran. Fifty-six midwives fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control. They filled job satisfaction, OBSE questionnaires, and demographic information checklist, and then, the intervention group attended Logotherapy for six sessions/90 minutes. Finally, both groups answered the instruments as posttest.

Results:
Results showed that the mean difference between OBSE (F 6,83 = 27, p < 0.05) and job satisfaction (t 2,62 = 27, p < 0.01) scores before and after the sessions in the intervention group was significantly more than the control group.

Conclusions:
Group Logotherapy increased job satisfaction and OBSE among midwives. It can be recommended for use in the clinical settings for healthcare providers.
Maternal Complications during Pregnancy and Risk Factors for Stunting
Authors: Maulina Rifzul , Qomaruddin Mochammad B. , Prasetyo Budi , Indawati Rachmah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Stunting can be prevented by early detection when the mother is pregnant. Early detection can be carried out by looking for risk factors of stunting during pregnancy so that interventions can be early detected. This study aims to assess complications during pregnancy (disease and infection) and risk factors associated with stunting.

Materials and Methods:
The type of research was observational analytic with a case-control design on 450 mothers who were selected with simple random sampling (150 mothers who have stunting babies aged 0–2 months and 300 mothers who have not stunting babies aged 0–2 months in Malang Regency, Indonesia. This study used secondary data by looking at medical records, namely, laboratory examinations in the mother’s book and cohort records at the public health center. This study was conducted from December 2021 to August 2022. Bivariate analysis with Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression was carried out to determine the variables that most influenced the incidence of stunting.

Results:
The results of multivariate analysis with logistic regression of maternal complications during pregnancy, which are a risk as a factor causing stunting, are Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.36; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 2.97–13.62), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by pneumonia (OR: 5.12; 95% CI: 1.87–14.052), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) (OR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.10–19.59), hepatitis B (OR: 3.97; 95% CI: 1.253–12.565), pre-eclampsia (OR: 3.88; 95% CI: 1.81–8.30), and heart disease (OR: 3.373; 95% CI: 0.99–11.40).

Conclusions:
After recognizing the maternal factors that cause stunting, intervention should immediately be carried out on pregnant women with diseases (pre-eclampsia and heart disease) and infections (STI, COVID-19 + pneumonia, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B) to prevent stunting early.
Identifies Current Trends in Vaginal Birth after Cesarean Section in IRAN: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khalajinia Zohre , Alipour Zahra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
The growing prevalence of Cesarean Sections (CS), particularly repeated CS, is a major issue in contemporary midwifery. This study seeks to gain a comprehensive understanding of the experiences of pregnant women and specialists with vaginal delivery after CS, as well as the obstacles that may arise.

Materials and Methods:
From March 2020 to May 2021, 10 women, 12 midwives, and 8 obstetricians and obstetricians affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences were interviewed to investigate the experiences and challenges associated with Vaginal Birth After Cesarean section (VBAC). We used the content analysis method, and the sampling was purposive. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data, which were then analyzed using qualitative content analysis based on conventional content analysis.

Results:
The results show that subcategories “individual aspects of VBAC” and “family-social aspects of VBAC” formed “positive aspects of VBAC.” Subcategories “self-efficacy” and “decision-making participation” formed the “empowerment for the woman.” Subcategories “technical team challenges” and “woman’s challenges” formed the main category of “upcoming challenges.”

Conclusions:
Positive relationships, choice-making ability, and self-confidence impact a woman’s decision to choose VBAC. Informing women of alternative delivery options after a CS and pursuing their dreams increases the likelihood of successful VBAC.
Validation of the Webb and Rivera Score in Predicting Complexity of Mohs Surgery Procedures: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Morr Claudia , Prechtel Taylor J. , Xue Gloria , Bell Maria C. , Slaven James E. , Que Syril Keena T. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Mohs micrographic surgeries (MMSs) vary in complexity and corresponding procedural duration. Preoperative triage of MMS cases enables physicians to estimate procedure duration and create an efficient schedule. The Webb and Rivera (WAR) score is a quantitative formula developed to predict complexity in Mohs cases based on tumor diameter, history of recurrence, location, and aggressiveness. Patients are given a score between 0 and 5 based on this information, with increasing surgical complexity for higher scores.

Purpose:
We aim to assess the association between WAR score, the number of stages, and repair type used in MMS to determine its value for clinical practice.

Methods:
Data for WAR score calculation were collected and analyzed for patients with squamous cell carcinoma and/or basal cell carcinoma treated with MMS between 2019 and 2023. Analyses were performed to determine if there was significant heterogeneity across WAR score groups. The Mantel–Haenszel Chi-square tests were performed for ordered categorical variables (Mohs stage), and Chi-square tests were performed for nonordered categorical variables. The results were verified using Fisher’s exact test when more than 25% of cells had an expected count of <5. Analyses were performed using SAS v9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).

Results:
Of the 712 patients who underwent MMS, 153 (21%) had a WAR score of 0, 270 (38%) had a WAR score of 1, 189 (26%) had a WAR score of 2, 75 (10%) had a WAR score of 3, 23 (3.2%) had a WAR score of 4, and 2 (0.2%) had a WAR score of 5. The average number of surgical stages increased as the WAR score increased, and the percentage of repairs using a flap or graft similarly increased for higher scores. While 86.2% of patients with a WAR score of 0 were cleared with one stage, this decreased to 75.5% with a score of 1, 74.6% with a score of 2, 72% with a score of 3, and 52.1% with a score of 4. Only two cases had a score of 5, both of which required two stages. In addition, only 13.7% of tumors with a WAR score of 0 required closure with a flap or graft, in comparison with 24.2% with a score of 1, 33.9% with a score of 2, 47.9% with a score of 3, and 47.7% with a score of 4.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that the WAR score is an effective predictive tool for identifying cases that may require multiple stages and more complex reconstructive techniques. Given that more complex cases will require increased operative time, a scheduling template that accounts for the level of complexity can lead to a more effective schedule. The WAR score may provide a practical tool for Mohs surgeons and their staff to triage incoming cases and design a schedule that allows for a consistent workflow.
A Cross-sectional Study on Prevalence and Determinants of Insomnia and Depression among Geriatric Population in Rural Coimbatore
Authors: Geetha A. , Sugunadevi G. , Ram T Mithula , Jayaraj Naveen Prabhu , Raja Ramasamy , Kumar Nawin Jai Vignesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Aging is a natural phenomenon. Due to improved health-care facilities, the population of the elderly is increasing rapidly all over the world. Along with chronic morbidities, depression and insomnia are most commonly seen in elderly people, which might affect their quality of life. This study is done to identify the prevalence of depression, insomnia, and the factors associated among the study participants.

Methodology:
This is a cross-sectional study done among 350 elderly participants in a rural area of Coimbatore district. A multistage sampling method was used to select the study participants. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Insomnia Severity Index, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results:
Among the study participants, 38.3% of them had mild-to-moderate depression and 7.4% of them had severe depression. Diabetes, death of a family member, people living alone, elderly people having conflicts in the family, and debts have statistically a significant association with depression. Similarly, 23.4% have subthreshold insomnia, 12.9% with clinical insomnia, and 8.3% of the study participants with severe insomnia. Factors associated with insomnia were conflicts in the family, debts, musculoskeletal disorders, and respiratory problems. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant association between depression and insomnia.

Conclusion:
The prevalence of insomnia and depression is high among the elderly. The factors associated with insomnia and depression were found to be health-related problems, economic causes, and social causes.
Comparing plaque removal efficacy of biodegradable toothbrush and nonbiodegradable toothbrush in children of 8–10 years of age: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Kariya Pratik B. , Desai Arohi , Singh Sweta , Bansal Barkha , Shah Yash 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
In the 21st century, we are surrounded by plastic, disposal of which has a detrimental effect on the environment. Around 700 million plastic toothbrushes are sold which contributes to a large portion of plastic waste. To aid in the restoration of the environment, there is a need to replace plastic toothbrushes with recyclable toothbrushes. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the plaque removal efficacy of biodegradable toothbrushes and nonbiodegradable toothbrushes in children 8–10 years of age.

Methodology:
Ninety children 8–10 years old from school were included in the study. Toothbrush types to groups A (nonbiodegradable toothbrush, Colgate® Palmolive India Ltd.), B (Biodegradable toothbrush, Bamboo India), and C (Biodegradable toothbrush, Palette™ India) were randomly allocated and plaque score was evaluated using plaque disclosing agent and Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein Index at day 1, 7, and 14. The data were analyzed using unpaired “t” and analysis of variance to find the significance of study parameters between the groups and paired t-test was used to find the significance of study parameters within the group (pre- and postbrushing).

Results:
The comparison of plaque scores pre- and postbrushing in all groups manifested reduction from day 1 to 14. However, Group B showed a significant reduction of plaque on day 14 with a difference of 0.50 which is statistically significant with a P < 0.001.

Conclusion:
According to the results, it can be concluded that a biodegradable toothbrush has adequate plaque removal efficacy. Therefore, the use of biodegradable toothbrushes can be recommended which will reduce nonbiodegradable waste.