bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining cognitive behavioral therapy interventions for unaccompanied minors: a systematic review and qualitative research synthesis
Authors: Morroni Dafne , Konstantinou Pinelopi , Gkleka Chrysilia , Kassianos Angelos P. , Karekla Maria 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
This systematic review examined the evidence on effectiveness and acceptability of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions in improving quality of life (QoL) and psychological well-being of unaccompanied minors (UM).

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, and Open Dissertations databases were used to identify quantitative and qualitative studies. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tools were used for quality assessment. Narrative synthesis and qualitative research synthesis were carried out to collate the findings.

Results
18 studies were included. Two studies examined QoL, and five studies examined acceptability of interventions. Most quantitative studies (n = 10) were appraised as methodologically weak. Trauma-Focused CBT appears to have the most evidence demonstrating effectiveness in ameliorating symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. Promising findings (i.e., increased mindfulness and psychological flexibility) were observed for third wave interventions but further replication is required.

Conclusions
The literature is tainted by under-powered studies, lacking blinding, and follow-up assessments. Female UM remain largely underrepresented. This review calls for a drastic augmentation of high quality quantitative and qualitative research focusing on augmenting QoL and examining acceptability rather than merely aiming for psychological symptom reduction in UM to enhance overall well-being and functionality. The research protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42021293881).
Automated Segmentation of Lymph Nodes on Neck CT Scans Using Deep Learning
Authors: Al Hasan Md Mahfuz , Ghazimoghadam Saba , Tunlayadechanont Padcha , Mostafiz Mohammed Tahsin , Gupta Manas , Roy Antika , Peters Keith , Hochhegger Bruno , Mancuso Anthony , Asadizanjani Navid , Forghani Reza 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEarly and accurate detection of cervical lymph nodes is essential for the optimal management and staging of patients with head and neck malignancies. Pilot studies have demonstrated the potential for radiomic and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in increasing diagnostic accuracy for the detection and classification of lymph nodes, but implementation of many of these approaches in real-world clinical settings would necessitate an automated lymph node segmentation pipeline as a first step. In this study, we aim to develop a non-invasive deep learning (DL) algorithm for detecting and automatically segmenting cervical lymph nodes in 25,119 CT slices from 221 normal neck contrast-enhanced CT scans from patients without head and neck cancer. We focused on the most challenging task of segmentation of small lymph nodes, evaluated multiple architectures, and employed U-Net and our adapted spatial context network to detect and segment small lymph nodes measuring 5–10 mm. The developed algorithm achieved a Dice score of 0.8084, indicating its effectiveness in detecting and segmenting cervical lymph nodes despite their small size. A segmentation framework successful in this task could represent an essential initial block for future algorithms aiming to evaluate small objects such as lymph nodes in different body parts, including small lymph nodes looking normal to the naked human eye but harboring early nodal metastases.
A systematization of global well-posedness in vector optimization
Authors: Rocca Matteo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper we give a systematization of global well-posedness in vector optimization. We investigate the links among global notions of well-posedness for a vector optimization problem (see e.g. Miglierina et al. in J Optim Theory Appl 126:391–409, 2005 for a detailed explanation of the difference between pointwise and global well-posedness in vector optimization). In particular we compare several notions of global well-posedness referring to efficient solutions, weakly efficient solutions and properly efficient solutions of a vector optimization problem. We also establish scalar characterizations of global vector well-posedness. Finally we study global well-posedness of vector cone-convex functions.
Everybody needs good neighbours: movement, habitat use, and conspecific association in a reintroduced mesopredator
Authors: Wilson Belinda A. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Rapley Shoshana , Gordon Iain J. , Wimpenny Claire , Newport Jenny , Manning Adrian D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAs a reintroduction progresses through the establishment, growth, and regulation phases, density-dependent mechanisms increasingly drive population dynamics. This can complicate efforts to reinforce these populations if the translocated individuals (henceforth reinforcers) are excluded, or existing residents become displaced. This is especially pertinent for islands and fenced havens, where immigration is often only possible by translocation. Conspecific associations offer insights into how these density-dependent mechanisms manifest in space and time. We investigated how movement, habitat use, and conspecific associations differed between eastern quoll (Dasyurus viverrinus) residents and reinforcers at a conservation-fenced haven. We used GPS collars to quantify distances travelled per night, home and core ranges, nocturnal (activity) and diurnal (denning) habitat use and preference, and conspecific associations over three periods: baseline (residents only, days 3–21), release (both cohorts, days 22–32), and settlement (reinforcers only, days 33–52) for ≤ 42 days post-release (depending on GPS unit longevity). Eastern quolls travelled greater mean distances per night (< 2.15 km, x̄ 1.75 km) and had larger home ranges (< 251 ha, x̄ 178 ha) during the release period. Reinforcers had larger home ranges (249 ha) and greater overlap with other collared eastern quolls (115 ha) when compared to residents (range 90 ha, overlap 46 ha). We found a significant preference for grassland habitat across all animals and periods. During the settlement period, we found a preference for nocturnal activity in greater understory and south-west facing aspects, and lower movement correlation, sociality, and den sharing between collared eastern quolls. Finally, we found lower den sharing in reinforcers (29%) compared to residents (52%), and for fawn- animals compared to dark-morphs. Our results revealed short-term movements, habitat use, and conspecific associations at a greater spatiotemporal resolution than has ever been achieved for this species. Our findings offer important insights into the importance of appropriate habitat and conspecific cueing for reintroductions, and highlight the need to monitor density-dependent mechanisms to inform adaptive management to promote positive outcomes for both initial reintroductions and reinforcements.
TEMPO/CaBr2/Ca(OCl)2 oxidation of hardwood bleached kraft pulp in water at pH 10 with aqueous Ca(OH)2 solution
Authors: Hou Gaoyuan , Chitbanyong Korawit , Takeuchi Miyuki , Shibata Izumi , Isogai Akira 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe conventional TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl system for oxidation of cellulose to prepare nanocellulose materials has some shortcomings in terms of controlling side reactions and clogging in washing/filtration process. A new TEMPO/CaBr2/Ca(OCl)2 system was then developed to oxidize a hardwood bleached kraft pulp (HBKP) in water at pH 10 (TEMPO = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical). An aqueous Ca(OH)2 solution was used to continuously control the reaction mixture at pH 10. After oxidation, the reaction mixture containing the oxidized products and chemicals was directly filtered on a 40-μm-mesh nylon filter and the water-insoluble oxidized products on the filter were washed with water without any clogging. The carboxy content increased to 1.5 mmol/g and the mass recovery ratio decreased to 87.7% as the amount of Ca(OCl)2 was increased to 10.0 mmol/g-HBKP. The oxidized products contained calcium ions but almost no chloride ions, indicating that they comprised almost pure –(COO)2Ca groups. The ready filtration and washing of the oxidized products was probably owing to the low degree of dissociation of the –(COO)2Ca groups in water. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and solid-state carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) analyses revealed that the crystallinities and crystal widths of the original cellulose I structure were mostly retained in the oxidized products. However, size-exclusion chromatography and viscosity analyses revealed that substantial depolymerization occurred on the cellulose and oxidized cellulose molecules in the products, as in TEMPO/NaBr/NaOCl-oxidized products.
Graphical Abstract
A time of emergence (TOE) analysis on the impact and uncertainty of global warming on Korean peak summers
Authors: Ryu Jihun , Wang Shih-Yu , Yoon Jin-Ho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn recent years, South Korea has experienced a notable escalation in the intensity and frequency of summer heat. To quantitatively gauge the impact of global warming on Korean summers, this study employs the Time of Emergence (TOE) method, assessing when the effects of global warming surpass natural climate variability. Determining a precise regional TOE is challenging due to disparities between modeled climates and observations. For peak summer seasons (July and August), TOE estimates range from the 2010s to the early 2030s in Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) 5-8.5, suggesting an imminent or already reached TOE. However, for the same scenario, different methodologies and datasets project the TOE to the late 21st century, suggesting the existence of uncertainty in the TOE. One reason for this uncertainty is the discrepancies identified between climate models and observations, which suggest that climate models could delay the TOE beyond the present time. Furthermore, from 1959 to 2014, global warming accounts for less than 10% of the observed temperature. Despite this, the strengthening of global warming signals is confirmed, leading to the expectation of more extreme events than those seen in the 2018 heat wave. This raises questions about current estimates of TOE and emphasizes the need for robust climate modeling to inform effective climate action.
Liming improves wheat nutrient use efficiency, yield, and quality on acid soils in Ethiopia
Authors: Ylivainio Kari , Leta Refissa , Esala Martti , Jauhiainen Lauri , Peltovuori Tommi , Chernet Tegist 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSoil acidity is a major constraint for food production in the Highlands of Ethiopia, the main cereal growing area. We conducted two field trials in nutrient-poor, acidic fields in the Highlands of Ethiopia to evaluate the effects of dolomitic lime at rates of 0, 6 and 12 t ha−1 on the utilization of commonly used phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizers. Blended fertilizer (at a liming rate of 12 t ha−1), containing potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) were also evaluated. The liming rate of 12 t ha−1 improved the utilization of P fertilizer most and only 20 kg P ha−1 was needed to reach 90% of the maximum wheat yield in soils with a high P sorption capacity. Liming and P fertilization, increased the N use efficiency from 0 to 30%, whereas the P use efficiency increased from 3 to 25%. Liming also increased the concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), molybdenum (Mo) and Zn and retained the concentration of copper (Cu) in wheat grain at a higher level than in unlimed treatments. This indicates that even high liming rates did not depress the utilization of nutrients from fertilizers, lime or soil. Regarding harmful heavy metals, liming reduced the nickel (Ni) concentration in wheat to about half of that in unlimed treatments. This study demonstrated how liming was a prerequisite for improving the quantity and quality of wheat growing in the acidic soils of the Ethiopian Highlands.
Stray urbanism: stray donkeys and place-identity in Makhanda, South Africa
Authors: Irvine Philippa Margaret , Memela Sinenhlanhla , Kondile Lisa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe presence of free-roaming livestock in cities is often seen as something that should be regulated, and zoning practices across the world generally attempt to restrict their presence or ensure their absence in urban areas. Apart from the health and safety reasoning behind such regulations, there is also a juxtaposition inherent within the presence of livestock in urban areas. This juxtaposition relates to the rural–urban dichotomy which presupposes that the presence of livestock is a rural characteristic and not an urban one. The present research challenges this dichotomy with the case study of Makhanda, South Africa. It utilises southern Urbanism and the contribution of donkeys to the place-identity of the city to frame this discussion. This paper used an online survey with residents of the city as well as key informant interviews to understand the layers of meaning that exist within local opinions on stray donkeys. It found that donkeys were seen by many as integral to the character or place-identity of the city. They were seen as both positive and negative symbols of the city – illustrating the juxtapositions within urban settlements and urbanism in southern cities. In this way, the case study reiterates the call from southern scholars to contextualise, reconceptualise and reframe urban theory so that is responsive to southern environments and experiences.
Injecting the score of the first-stage retriever as text improves BERT-based re-rankers
Authors: Askari Arian , Abolghasemi Amin , Pasi Gabriella , Kraaij Wessel , Verberne Suzan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel approach for combining first-stage lexical retrieval models and Transformer-based re-rankers: we inject the relevance score of the lexical model as a token into the input of the cross-encoder re-ranker. It was shown in prior work that interpolation between the relevance score of lexical and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) based re-rankers may not consistently result in higher effectiveness. Our idea is motivated by the finding that BERT models can capture numeric information. We compare several representations of the Best Match 25 (BM25) and Dense Passage Retrieval (DPR) scores and inject them as text in the input of four different cross-encoders. Since knowledge distillation, i.e., teacher-student training, proved to be highly effective for cross-encoder re-rankers, we additionally analyze the effect of injecting the relevance score into the student model while training the model by three larger teacher models. Evaluation on the MSMARCO Passage collection and the TREC DL collections shows that the proposed method significantly improves over all cross-encoder re-rankers as well as the common interpolation methods. We show that the improvement is consistent for all query types. We also find an improvement in exact matching capabilities over both the first-stage rankers and the cross-encoders. Our findings indicate that cross-encoder re-rankers can efficiently be improved without additional computational burden or extra steps in the pipeline by adding the output of the first-stage ranker to the model input. This effect is robust for different models and query types.
Verifying a Sequent Calculus Prover for First-Order Logic with Functions in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: From Asta Halkjær , Jacobsen Frederik Krogsdal 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe describe the design, implementation and verification of an automated theorem prover for first-order logic with functions. The proof search procedure is based on sequent calculus and we formally verify its soundness and completeness in Isabelle/HOL using an existing abstract framework for coinductive proof trees. Our analytic completeness proof covers both open and closed formulas. Since our deterministic prover considers only the subset of terms relevant to proving a given sequent, we do the same when building a countermodel from a failed proof. Finally, we formally connect our prover with the proof system and semantics of the existing SeCaV system. In particular, the prover can generate human-readable SeCaV proofs which are also machine-verifiable proof certificates. The abstract framework we rely on requires us to fix a stream of proof rules in advance, independently of the formula we are trying to prove. We discuss the efficiency implications of this and the difficulties in mitigating them.
Do Virtual Reality Relaxation Experiences Alleviate Stress in Parents of Children with Autism? A Pilot Study
Authors: Lovell Brian , Wetherell Mark A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPsychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive training and psychoeducation tend to be effective for alleviating stress in caregivers of children with autism. However, these interventions are often time consuming and take place outside the home, posing challenges for accessibility. Technology, especially virtual reality (VR) technology, can be used to support a range of digital interventions at home. VR headsets, when used to simulate relaxing experiences, have already been linked with stress relieving effects for some caregiving groups. This study builds on this, exploring whether VR simulated relaxing environments engender positive psychological changes for caregivers of children with autism. A total of 18 caregivers were exposed to VR simulated natural environments (e.g., beach, forest) for 15 min in a single session. State mood, captured with POMS, was measured at baseline and immediately post intervention. Perceived stress (PSS) was captured at baseline and, to explore intervention effectiveness, at three- and seven-days post intervention. POMS scores for tension, anger, depression, fatigue and confusion were lower, and scores for vigour higher, immediately post intervention. PSS scores at three-and seven-days post intervention, while comparable with one another, were lower compared with baseline. Interacting with simulated natural environments in VR seems effective for improving caregivers’ state mood and reducing their perceived stress for up to seven days. Future research should aim to consolidate and expand on these findings with larger samples and longer follow up periods.
Hydrodynamics for Asymmetric Simple Exclusion on a Finite Segment with Glauber-Type Source
Authors: Xu Lu , Zhao Linjie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider an open interacting particle system on a finite lattice. The particles perform asymmetric simple exclusion and are randomly created or destroyed at all sites, with rates that grow rapidly near the boundaries. We study the hydrodynamic limit for the particle density at the hyperbolic space-time scale and obtain the entropy solution to a boundary-driven quasilinear conservation law with a source term. Different from the usual boundary conditions introduced in Bardos et al (Commun Partial Differ Equ 4(9):1017–1034, https://doi.org/10.1080/03605307908820117, 1979) and Otto (C R Acad Sci Paris 322(1):729–734, 1996), discontinuity (boundary layer) does not formulate at the boundaries due to the strong relaxation scheme.
Innovation for sustainable development goals: a comparative study of the obstacles and tactics in public organizations
Authors: Suchitwarasan Chutima , Cinar Emre , Simms Chris , Demircioglu Mehmet Akif 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examines obstacles and tactics in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)-oriented public sector innovation (PSI). We analyzed 137 SDGs-oriented PSIs in Thailand and Korea. First, our results indicate that the configuration of obstacles is influenced by politico-administrative context and innovation type. Organizational level obstacles are more frequent in Thailand, whereas interaction level obstacles are more common in Korea. Second, we reveal the tactics used to overcome various kinds of obstacles and develop a classification that identifies a new tactics type, forming & coordinating for tackling obstacles originating from the governance of collaboration in the innovation process. This empirical study provides public managers with insights to comprehend PSI obstacles and choose effective tactics for overcoming them.
High-performance transparent AZO UV photodetectors
Authors: Ozel K. , Yildiz A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, the fabrication of undoped ZnO (ZO) and 3 at.% aluminum (Al) doped ZnO (AZO) thin films (TFs) based transparent photodetectors (PDs) was reported. Both films were spin-coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates to investigate the influence of Al doping on the ultraviolet (UV) detection performance of the devices. The systematic characterizations reveal that Al doping positively affects the characteristics of ZO-TFs. The Al doping leads to slight shift in crystalline peaks and induces an enhancement in grain size. In addition, the surface roughness of ZO-TFs gets lower on Al doping. Further, the Al doping improved the transparency and widening of band gap of TFs. The PDs having metal–semiconductor-metal (MSM) configuration were achieved by screen-printing of Ag paste onto ZO and AZO-TFs. The current–voltage (I-V) profiles of the fabricated PDs were measured in the dark and under UV excitation of 365 nm. The AZO-TFs based MSM PD exhibits a spectral responsivity of 326.82 mA/W and an external quantum efficiency of 111.03%. The reproducibility of the fabricated PDs was tested by performing time-dependent photo-response measurements.
Effect of Apolipoprotein E isoforms on the Abundance and Function of P-glycoprotein in Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kreutzer Ethan , Short Jennifer L. , Nicolazzo Joseph A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Individuals with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often require many medications; however, these medications are dosed using regimens recommended for individuals without AD. This is despite reduced abundance and function of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in AD, which can impact brain exposure of drugs. The fundamental mechanisms leading to reduced P-gp abundance in sporadic AD remain unknown; however, it is known that the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene has the strongest genetic link to sporadic AD development, and apoE isoforms can differentially alter BBB function. The aim of this study was to assess if apoE affects P-gp abundance and function in an isoform-dependent manner using a human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3) model.

Methods
This study assessed the impact of apoE isoforms on P-gp abundance (by western blot) and function (by rhodamine 123 (R123) uptake) in hCMEC/D3 cells. Cells were exposed to recombinant apoE3 and apoE4 at 2 – 10 µg/mL over 24 – 72 hours. hCMEC/D3 cells were also exposed for 72 hours to astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from astrocytes expressing humanised apoE isoforms.

Results
P-gp abundance in hCMEC/D3 cells was not altered by recombinant apoE4 relative to recombinant apoE3, nor did ACM containing human apoE isoforms alter P-gp abundance. R123 accumulation in hCMEC/D3 cells was also unchanged with recombinant apoE isoform treatments, suggesting no change to P-gp function, despite both abundance and function being altered by positive controls SR12813 (5 µM) and PSC 833 (5 µM), respectively.

Conclusions
Different apoE isoforms have no direct influence on P-gp abundance or function within this model, and further in vivo studies would be required to address whether P-gp abundance or function are reduced in sporadic AD in an apoE isoform-specific manner.