bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of seed priming with kinetin on germination indices and proline activity of Silybum marianum L. under drought stress conditions
Authors: Zavariyan Abolfazl Masoumi , Rad Mojtaba Yousefi , Asghari Mohsen 
Published: February 2015

For investigation of the effect of seed priming by kinetin on germination indices and proline activity of Silybum marianum L. under drought stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factor includingdifferent concentrations of kinetin (0, 10 and 20 ppm) and different levels of drought stress including 0, -6 and -12 barat three replicates was carried out. According to the results, drought stress and kinetin individualy cause to decreases of germination percentage, germination rate, seedling length, seed vigor and seedling dry weight but uses of kinetin in drought stress condition improvment of them. Also, drought stress cause to increases of proline content and catalase activity. Therefore, seed priming with 10 ppm kinetin at drought stress was improved the germination indices of Silybum marianum L.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11919 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 6-11
Effect of seed priming by potassium nitrate on germination and biochemical indices in Silybum marianum L. under salinity stress
Authors: Zavariyan Abolfazl Masoumi , Rad Mojtaba Yousefi , Asghari Mohsen 
Published: February 2015

For investigation of the effect of seed priming by potassium nitrate on germination and biochemical indices of Silybum marianum L. under salinity stress, factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with two factor including different concentrations of potassium nitrate (0, 0.25 and 0.35 mM) and calcium chloride (0, 150 and 250 mM) at three replicates was carried out. Results showed that salinity stress decrease the germination indices and amount of seedling protein and also increase the peroxidase activity. With using of 0.25 mM potassium nitrate germination indices were improved and peroxidase activity was reduced. Also, results showed that seed priming with 0.35 mM was not suitable. Therefore, seed priming with 0.25 mM potassium nitrate was improved seedling growth and germination indices under salinity stress.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11922 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 23-28
Genetic Variability Assay of Different Strains of Catla catla
Authors: Ali Md. Rayhan , Rahi Md. Lifat , Islam Shikder Saiful , Shah Md. Saifuddin , Shams Foyez Ibn 
Published: February 2015

Genetic variation is a key component for improving a stock through selective breeding programs. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker was used to assay genetic variation in two river populations (Halda and Padma) as well as in three hatchery populations of the commercially important Indian major carp, C. catla. Five specimens of each population were collected from each location. Genomic DNA was isolated from the muscle tissue. Five primers were used and in total, 117 bands were obtained of which 51.57% bands were polymorphic. Overall proportions of polymorphism obtained from different populations were found to be 75%, 62%, 50%, 37.5% and 33.33% for BoluharBaor hatchery, Halda and Padma River, Kapotakkha hatchery, and Ma-Fatema hatchery respectively. The highest percentage of intrapopulation genetic similarity was found to be 61.81% in case of Baluhar Baor hatchery and the lowest was found to be 25.63% in case of Kapathakha hatchery. The highest percentage of interpopulation genetic similarity was found to be 85.21% between Kapathakha and Ma-Fatema hatchery population; and the lowest was found to be 46.00% in case of Kapathakha and BaluharBaor hatchery population. The dendrogram on Average Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmatic Mean (UPGMA) showed two clusters, the Halda River and BaluharBaor hatchery population forming one cluster and the other populations the second cluster. Genetic variation obtained in different population of C.catla in the present study is highly satisfactory and indicates that the species can be very easily employed for exploitation for genetic improvement through selection.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/10.3126/ijls.v9i1.11924 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.9(1) 2015 37-42
Analyse sémiotique et politique comparée. Note de recherche
Authors: Delfosse Pascale , Frognier André-Paul 
Published: February 2015

Cette note de recherche a pour but de dégager des formes diverses de coopération entre la sémiotique et la politique comparée. Elle identifie trois types (au moins) de complémentarité, qui seront examinés après un court rappel des fondements de l’analyse sémiotique, en référence à l’École de Paris, marquée par l’apport substantiel d’A. J. Greimas. Les deux premières complémentarités renvoient au type de processus explicatif. Les auteurs donnent tout d’abord pour exemple des études comparées qui procèdent par induction, le sens d’une production humaine se dévoilant grâce à des procédures qui remontent à partir du figuratif jusqu’au niveau du sens le plus profond. Ensuite, les auteurs renvoient à des études qui se fondent sur des modèles sémiotiques utilisés dans un cadre hypothetico-déductif pour expliquer des processus concrets. Les exemples politologiques auxquels il est fait référence dans ces deux parcours explicatifs consistent dans des analyses de textes, d’imageries politiques (comparaison d’affiches électorales), et des discours d’une campagne électorale. Enfin, la note renvoie à une troisième approche où l’analyse sémiotique intervient dans la critique et l’amélioration des questionnaires d’enquête sociologique pour s’assurer de leur validité et de la fiabilité. Le but est ici de faire correspondre le mieux possible le sens que les chercheurs donnent à leurs questions et celui que les répondants leur prêtent. Un sujet particulièrement important dans les grandes enquêtes comparatives internationales.
Inégalité raciale au Brésil et aux États-Unis : comparaison statistique
Authors: Andrews George Reid 
Published: February 2015

Cet article compare les indicateurs statistiques concernant les inégalités raciales entre Blancs et non-Blancs au Brésil et aux États-Unis entre 1890 et 1988. Ont été particulièrement examinés les distributions géographiques et spatiales des Blancs et non-Blancs, les indicateurs démographiques, l’éducation, les emplois et les revenus. Pour la première moitié du xxe siècle, les recensements et les enquêtes sur les ménages fournissent des mesures de l’inégalité raciale qui tendent à prouver qu’elle est plus forte aux États-Unis qu’au Brésil. Après 1950, cependant, ces taux tendent à décliner aux États-Unis alors qu’ils restent stables, voire qu’ils croissent pour quelques-uns d’entre eux au Brésil. En conséquence, à la fin des années 1970, des deux nations, ce sont les États-Unis qui présentent le moins d’inégalités sur la plupart des indicateurs. Pour expliquer ces changements sur la position relative des deux pays, cet article s’attache à trois facteurs : les migrations intérieures et la distribution régionale des groupes raciaux, les effets de la croissance économique sur la concentration des revenus et les politiques sur la question raciale mises en œuvre. Chacun de ces facteurs tend à réduire l’inégalité raciale aux États-Unis mais non au Brésil. Durant les années 1980, toutefois, on assiste à un renversement de tendance aux États-Unis, avec pour résultat un nouvel accroissement des inégalités raciales. Toutefois, en 1988, dernière année couverte par l’étude, les États-Unis montrent toujours de plus faibles niveaux d’inégalité que le Brésil.
L’accueil des laïcs dans les monastères (ve-ixe siècle), d’après les règles monastiques
Authors: Gaillard Michèle 
Published: February 2015

À travers les règles monastiques du ve au ixe siècle, on perçoit peu de données concrètes sur les bâtiments spécifiques réservés à l’accueil des laïcs dans les monastères ; deux données topographiques sont intangibles : l’existence d’une hôtellerie réservée aux personnes étrangères à la communauté et celle d’un espace strictement réservé à la communauté monastique. Mais il n’y avait pas forcément une séparation absolue entre les moines et les hôtes. Les règles sont davantage explicites et quelquefois divergentes sur l’encadrement de l’accueil des laïcs, les modalités de leur réception, les contacts possible entre laïcs et moines ; elles distinguent très nettement les visiteurs de passage des postulants tout en confiant souvent le contrôle des uns et des autres à des Anciens.
Des traces d’artisanat dans les monastères comtois du haut Moyen Âge
Authors: Bully Sébastien , Bully Aurélia , (contribution) Inès Pactat 
Published: February 2015

En dépit des recherches archéologiques menées ces dernières années sur des monastères du haut Moyen Âge en Franche-Comté, la question du travail artisanal à l’intérieur de ces établissements reste difficile à éclairer, faute de données substantielles. Quelques rares indices issus des fouilles de Saint-Claude, Luxeuil, Baume ou encore Jussamoutier de Besançon, nous permettent néanmoins d’évoquer l’activité artisanale dans la clôture, avec une série de questions sous-jacentes : quels étaient les acteurs de cette activité, quel était leur travail et à qui était destinée leur production ?
Spatial structure and temporal evolution of energetic particle injections in the inner magnetosphere during the 14 July 2013 substorm event
Authors: Gkioulidou Matina , Ohtani S. , Mitchell D. G. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Reeves G. D. , Turner D. L. , Gjerloev J. W. , Nosé M. , Koga K. , Rodriguez J. V. , Lanzerotti L. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecent results by the Van Allen Probes mission showed that the occurrence of energetic ion injections inside geosynchronous orbit could be very frequent throughout the main phase of a geomagnetic storm. Understanding, therefore, the formation and evolution of energetic particle injections is critical in order to quantify their effect in the inner magnetosphere. We present a case study of a substorm event that occurred during a weak storm (Dst ~ −40 nT) on 14 July 2013. Van Allen Probe B, inside geosynchronous orbit, observed two energetic proton injections within 10 min, with different dipolarization signatures and duration. The first one is a dispersionless, short‐timescale injection pulse accompanied by a sharp dipolarization signature, while the second one is a dispersed, longer‐timescale injection pulse accompanied by a gradual dipolarization signature. We combined ground magnetometer data from various stations and in situ particle and magnetic field data from multiple satellites in the inner magnetosphere and near‐Earth plasma sheet to determine the spatial extent of these injections, their temporal evolution, and their effects in the inner magnetosphere. Our results indicate that there are different spatial and temporal scales at which injections can occur in the inner magnetosphere and depict the necessity of multipoint observations of both particle and magnetic field data in order to determine these scales.
Fracture propagation in Indiana Limestone interpreted via linear softening cohesive fracture model
Authors: Rinehart Alex J. , Bishop Joseph E. , Dewers Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe examine the use of a linear softening cohesive fracture model (LCFM) to predict single‐trace fracture growth in short‐rod (SR) and notched 3‐point‐bend (N3PB) test configurations in Indiana Limestone. The broad goal of this work is to (a) understand the underlying assumptions of LCFM and (b) use experimental similarities and deviations from the LCFM to understand the role of loading paths of tensile fracture propagation. Cohesive fracture models are being applied in prediction of structural and subsurface fracture propagation in geomaterials. They lump the inelastic processes occurring during fracture propagation into a thin zone between elastic subdomains. LCFM assumes that the cohesive zone initially deforms elastically to a maximum tensile stress (σmax) and then softens linearly from the crack opening width at σmax to zero stress at a critical crack opening width w1. Using commercial finite element software, we developed LCFMs for the SR and N3PB configurations. After fixing σmax with results from cylinder splitting tests and finding an initial Young's modulus (E) with unconfined compressive strength tests, we manually calibrate E and w1 in the SR model against an envelope of experimental data. We apply the calibrated LCFM parameters in the N3PB geometry and compare the model against an envelope of N3PB experiments. For accurate simulation of fracture propagation, simulated off‐crack stresses are high enough to require inclusion of damage. Different elastic moduli are needed in tension and compression. We hypothesize that the timing and location of shear versus extensional micromechanical failures control the qualitative macroscopic force‐versus‐displacement response in different tests. For accurate prediction, the LCFM requires a constant style of failure, which the SR configuration maintains until very late in deformation. The N3PB configuration does not maintain this constancy. To be broadly applicable between geometries and failure styles, the LCFM would require additional physics, possibly including elastoplastic damage in the bulk material and more complicated cohesive softening models.
Seismic stratigraphy of the central South China Sea basin and implications for neotectonics
Authors: Li Chun‐Feng , Li Jiabiao , Ding Weiwei , Franke Dieter , Yao Yongjian , Shi Hesheng , Pang Xiong , Cao Ying , Lin Jian , Kulhanek Denise K. , Williams Trevor , Bao Rui , Briais Anne , Brown Elizabeth A. , Chen Yifeng , Clift Peter D. , Colwell Frederick S. , Dadd Kelsie A. , Hernández‐Almeida Iván , Huang Xiao‐Long , Hyun Sangmin , Jiang Tao , Koppers Anthony A. P. , Li Qianyu , Liu Chuanlian , Liu Qingsong , Liu Zhifei , Nagai Renata H. , Peleo‐Alampay Alyssa , Su Xin , Sun Zhen , Tejada Maria Luisa G. , Trinh Hai Son , Yeh Yi‐Ching , Zhang Chuanlun , Zhang Fan , Zhang Guo‐Liang , Zhao Xixi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCoring/logging data and physical property measurements from International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 349 are integrated with, and correlated to, reflection seismic data to map seismic sequence boundaries and facies of the central basin and neighboring regions of the South China Sea. First‐order sequence boundaries are interpreted, which are Oligocene/Miocene, middle Miocene/late Miocene, Miocene/Pliocene, and Pliocene/Pleistocene boundaries. A characteristic early Pleistocene strong reflector is also identified, which marks the top of extensive carbonate‐rich deposition in the southern East and Southwest Subbasins. The fossil spreading ridge and the boundary between the East and Southwest Subbasins acted as major sedimentary barriers, across which seismic facies changes sharply and cannot be easily correlated. The sharp seismic facies change along the Miocene‐Pliocene boundary indicates that a dramatic regional tectonostratigraphic event occurred at about 5 Ma, coeval with the onsets of uplift of Taiwan and accelerated subsidence and transgression in the northern margin. The depocenter or the area of the highest sedimentation rate switched from the northern East Subbasin during the Miocene to the Southwest Subbasin and the area close to the fossil ridge in the southern East Subbasin in the Pleistocene. The most active faulting and vertical uplifting now occur in the southern East Subbasin, caused most likely by the active and fastest subduction/obduction in the southern segment of the Manila Trench and the collision between the northeast Palawan and the Luzon arc. Timing of magmatic intrusions and seamounts constrained by seismic stratigraphy in the central basin varies and does not show temporal pulsing in their activities.
Reexamination of magnetotelluric responses and electrical anisotropy of the lithospheric mantle in the Grenville Province, Canada
Authors: Adetunji Ademola Q. , Ferguson Ian J. , Jones Alan G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMagnetotelluric (MT) responses at the Proterozoic Grenville Front in Canada have been interpreted as being caused by lithospheric electrical anisotropy, and the area is often noted as a classic example of lithospheric anisotropy. This study reevaluates evidence for the electrical anisotropy using 56 MT stations. The spatially uniform MT responses noted at the Grenville Front extend to ~200 km southeast and for at least 400 km along strike and are associated with rocks at less than 150 km depth. Examination of induction arrows at longer periods shows arrows at high angle to the MT conductive direction consistent with the presence of macroscopic resistivity structures. New 2‐D anisotropic inversions show that electrical anisotropy is not required to fit the MT data. The results indicate that in the resistive mantle lithosphere beneath the Grenville Front, and in conductive lithosphere in adjacent areas, the maximum horizontal resistivity anisotropy is <10%, much less than the factor of 15 determined in earlier 1‐D studies. The results suggest that the upper lithospheric mantle in the area is devoid of significant electrical anisotropy and that the observed MT response directionality is due to large‐scale resistivity structure. We interpret the spatially consistent MT responses observed at the Grenville Front as being associated with the resistive Archean lithosphere extending southeast beneath the Grenville Front. The obliquity between seismic and MT responses arises because the Superior fabric is oblique to the seismic fast direction. If dextral shearing occurred, it appears to have not caused any significant shape preferred electrical anisotropy.
Long‐term mass transfer at Piton de la Fournaise volcano evidenced by strain distribution derived from GNSS network
Authors: Peltier Aline , Got Jean‐Luc , Villeneuve Nicolas , Boissier Patrice , Staudacher Thomas , Ferrazzini Valérie , Walpersdorf Andrea 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBasaltic volcanoes are among the largest volcanic edifices on the Earth. These huge volcanoes exhibit rift zones and mobile flanks, revealing specific stress field conditions. In this paper, we present new deformation data issued from the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) network installed on Piton de la Fournaise. Density of the GNSS stations allowed us to reach a sufficient resolution to perform a spatially significant analysis of strain at the scale of the active part of the volcano. Since 2007, summit inflation during preeruptive/eruptive sequences (summit extension/cone flanks contraction) alternates with summit deflation during posteruptive/rest periods (summit contraction/cone flanks extension) and generates a “pulsation” of the volcano. This volcano “pulsation” increases rock fracturing and damage, decreases the rock stiffness, and increases the medium permeability. The deformation regime of the mobile eastern flank evidences mass transfer in depth from the summit to the east. During the long‐term summit deflation recorded between 2011 and 2014, the upper eastern flank extended steadily eastward whereas the lower eastern flank contracted. Simultaneous extension and eastward displacement of the upper eastern flank and eastward contraction of the middle and lower eastern flank contributes to build the Grandes Pentes relief, steeping the topographic slope. We relate the eastern flank topographic slope spatial variations to rock or basal friction angle changes. The lower flank contraction process is an evidence of its progressive loading by the upper eastern flank, which brings this flank closer to an eventual instability.
Processing of aerosol particles within the Habshan pollution plume
Authors: Semeniuk T. A. , Bruintjes R. , Salazar V. , Breed D. , Jensen T. , Buseck P. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Habshan industrial site in the United Arab Emirates produces a regional‐scale pollution plume associated with oil and gas processing, discharging high loadings of sulfates and chlorides into the atmosphere, which interact with the ambient aerosol population. Aerosol particles and trace gas chemistry at this site were studied on two flights in the summer of 2002. Measurements were collected along vertical plume profiles to show changes associated with atmospheric processing of particle and gas components. Close to the outlet stack, particle concentrations were over 10,000 cm−3, dropping to <2000 cm−3 in more dilute plume around 1500 m above the stack. Particles collected close to the stack and within the dilute plume were individually measured for size, morphology, composition, and mixing state using transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Close to the stack, most coarse particles consisted of mineral dust and NaCl crystals from burning oil brines, while sulfate droplets dominated the fine mode. In more dilute plume, at least 1500 m above the stack, the particle spectrum was more diverse, with a significant increase in internally mixed particle types. Dilute plume samples consisted of coarse NaCl/silicate aggregates or NaCl‐rich droplets, often with a sulfate component, while fine‐fraction particles were of mixed cation sulfates, also internally mixed with nanospherical soot or silicates. Thus, both chloride and sulfate components of the pollution plume rapidly reacted with ambient mineral dust to form coated and aggregate particles, enhancing particle size, hygroscopicity, and reactivity of the coarse mode. The fine‐fraction sulfate‐bearing particles formed in the plume contribute to regional transport of sulfates, while coarse sulfate‐bearing fractions locally reduced the SO2 loading through sedimentation. The chloride‐ and sulfate‐bearing internally mixed particles formed in the plume markedly changed the reflectivity and scattering properties of the ambient aerosol population, as well as its hygroscopic and ice nucleation properties.
Instantaneous phase shift of annual subsurface temperature cycles derived by the Hilbert‐Huang transform
Authors: Sun Yang‐Yi , Chen Chieh‐Hung , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Wang Chung‐Ho , Chen Deng‐Lung 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study uses the Hilbert‐Huang transform to compute the instantaneous (daily) phase shift between temperature signals at the ground surface and at a depth of 5 m. This approach is not restricted to the stationary harmonic surface temperature assumptions invoked by analytical solutions. The annual cycles are extracted from the ground surface temperatures and the shallow subsurface temperatures at 5 m depth recorded at the Hualien (23.98°N, 121.61°E) and Ilan (24.77°N, 121.75°E) meteorology stations of Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan from 1952 to 2008. Significant reductions in the phase shift and increases in the estimated thermal diffusivity from 1980s to 1990s are found and suggest that the recent warming of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation may affect heat transport in the subsurface environment. The marginal spectra of the instantaneous phase shifts and the precipitation intensity records at Hualien and Ilan reveal that precipitation may play a role in the evolution of seasonal variation in shallow subsurface heat transport.