bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerogel Poly(butylene succinate) Biomaterial Substrate for RF and Microwave Applications
Authors: Habib Ullah M. , Mahadi W. N. L. , Latef T. A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPolybutylene succinate (PBS) has become a potential candidate, similar to polypropylene (PP) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), for use as an organic plastic material due to its outstanding mechanical properties as well as high thermal deformation characteristics. A new composition of silica aerogel nanoparticles extracted from rice waste with PBS is proposed for use as a dielectric (εr = 4.5) substrate for microwave applications. A microstrip patch antenna was fabricated on the proposed dielectric substrate for multi-resonant ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The performance characteristics of the proposed biomaterial-based antenna were investigated in a far-field measurement environment. The results indicate that the proposed biocompatible material-based antenna covered a bandwidth of 9.4 (2.3–11.7) GHz with stop bands from 5.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz and 7.0 GHz to 8.3 GHz. Peak gains of 9.82 dBi, 7.59 dBi, 8.0 dBi and 7.68 dBi were measured at resonant frequencies of 2.7 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 6.3 GHz and 9.5 GHz, respectively.
New possibilities for efficient laser surface treatment by diode‐pumped kW‐class lasers
Authors: Brajer J. , Svabek R. , Rostohar D. , Divoky M. , Lucianetti A. , Mocek T. , Madl J. , Pitrmuc Z. 
Published: August 2015

The newly developed so call multy‐slab laser at premise of the research centre HiLASE is already recognized as a potential new source for efficient laser surface treatments. Once the system is in full operation the pulses of up to 100J with pulse duration of 2‐10 ns will be delivered with repetition rate of 10 Hz. In this paper the status of this new laser system is presented. Additionally the design of a new experimental station for laser surface treatments is also discussed. According to preliminary plans the station will be ready for first experiments in 2016.
Specific responses of human hippocampal neurons are associated with better memory
Authors: Suthana Nanthia A. , Parikshak Neelroop N. , Ekstrom Arne D. , Ison Matias J. , Knowlton Barbara J. , Bookheimer Susan Y. , Fried Itzhak 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Neurons within the human hippocampus have been shown to respond to individual concepts such as varying photographs of a single famous person. However, the relationship between these invariant neuronal responses and hippocampal-dependent memory remains elusive. The current study explores whether the specificity of human hippocampal neuronal responses can be directly related to memory performance. Our results provide a previously unidentified link between human hippocampal single-unit firing patterns and declarative memory performance, ultimately contributing to our understanding of the medial temporal lobe system from single neurons to human behavior.
NLRP12 provides a critical checkpoint for osteoclast differentiation
Authors: Krauss Jennifer L. , Zeng Rong , Hickman-Brecks Cynthia L. , Wilson Justin E. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Novack Deborah V. 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceMembers of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat-containing receptor (NLR) family are generally thought of as initiators of inflammation and are important in a number of inflammatory diseases. However, recent evidence has started to emerge that several NLRs can serve as checkpoint proteins against specific inflammatory pathways. Although checkpoint proteins are well accepted for their importance in adaptive immunity, their roles in innate immunity are still nascent. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), a tumor necrosis factor family cytokine responsible for basal and most forms of pathologic osteoclastogenesis, sends important differentiation signals through the alternative nuclear factor kappa B pathway. This report shows that an NLR member, nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 12, provides a brake on the activity of RANKL even in noninflammatory settings, extending the role for this type of NLR beyond inflammation-related disease.
Perceptual transparency from image deformation
Authors: Kawabe Takahiro , Maruya Kazushi , Nishida Shin’ya 
Published: August 2015

Significance
The perception of liquids, particularly water, is a vital sensory function for survival, but little is known about the visual perception of transparent liquids. Here we show that human vision has excellent ability to perceive a transparent liquid solely from dynamic image deformation. No other known image cues are needed for the perception of transparent surfaces. Static deformation is not effective for perceiving transparent liquids. Human vision interprets dynamic image deformation as caused by light refraction at the moving liquid’s surface. Transparent liquid is well perceived from artificial image deformations, which share only basic flow features with image deformations caused by physically correct light refraction.
Local generation of multineuronal spike sequences in the hippocampal CA1 region
Authors: Stark Eran , Roux Lisa , Eichler Ronny , Buzsáki György 
Published: August 2015

SignificanceNeuronal sequences in the CA1 hippocampal region during short burst events (called sharp wave ripples) reliably reflect the slower sequential order of place activation during exploration, patterned by local-circuit interneurons. We tested the hypothesis that in addition to afferent drive, local mechanisms contribute critically to the sequential patterning of pyramidal cells and the diverse interneuron types. We show that optogenetic activation of a small group of CA1 pyramidal cells in mouse hippocampus yields consistent multineuronal spike sequences, and that their sequential firing order is similar to that observed during spontaneous “ripple” and theta oscillations. Thus, multineuronal spike sequences are not exclusively inherited from upstream sources but result from local-circuit dynamics and biophysical properties of the individual neurons.
At14a-Like1 participates in membrane-associated mechanisms promoting growth during drought in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kumar M. Nagaraj , Hsieh Yi-Fang , Verslues Paul E. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Drought is a major cause of lost agricultural productivity. Even moderate water limitation can lead to down-regulation of plant growth; however, the underlying mechanisms of stress sensing and growth regulation are little understood. We identified At14a-Like1 (AFL1) and its interacting proteins protein disulfide isomerase 5 (PDI5) and NAI2 as positive and negative regulators, respectively, of growth and proline accumulation. Despite numerous ideas that membrane-based mechanisms are important for drought sensing and initial signaling, AFL1 is one of only a few membrane proteins with a demonstrated effect on drought resistance. AFL1 structure, localization, and interaction with endomembrane proteins indicate novel functions in drought signaling. Increased growth of AFL1 overexpression in plants under stress without negative effects on unstressed plants make AFL1 an attractive target for biotechnology.
Ancient hot and cold genes and chemotherapy resistance emergence
Authors: Wu Amy , Zhang Qiucen , Lambert Guillaume , Khin Zayar , Gatenby Robert A. , Kim Hyunsung John , Pourmand Nader , Bussey Kimberly , Davies Paul C. W. , Sturm James C. , Austin Robert H. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
There are two broad components of information dynamics in cancer evolution. One involves permanent changes in which genes are subject to gain or loss-of-function substitutions. This is well established and the main focus of cancer research. The other component is the information in the human genome and preservation of that content. The cancer cell potentially has access to all of this and can upregulate or downregulate any number of strategies used for survival and proliferation during embryogenesis, development, and normal adaptation to environmental stresses. We suggest that nonsubstituted genes may be critical targets for chemotherapy; these nonmutated genes may be the most fundamental ones for preservation of cancer cell fitness, especially if their expression level changes.
Iterative phasing for fluctuation X-ray scattering
Authors: Donatelli Jeffrey J. , Zwart Peter H. , Sethian James A. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Fluctuation X-ray scattering is an emerging imaging technique that seeks to overcome the low data-to-parameter ratio encountered in traditional small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering methods. By acquiring a large number of ultrashort X-ray exposures on an ensemble of molecules, this technique produces a dataset that contains structural information far beyond what is obtainable from traditional solution scattering methods without requiring crystallization. However, reconstructing the underlying molecular shape from this data is challenging, as the information in each image is averaged over several molecular orientations. In this article, we introduce a flexible iterative method that can rapidly determine molecular structure from fluctuation scattering data. This allows one to visualize structural details that may be inaccessible through traditional methods.
Higher screen time is associated with overweight, poor dietary habits and physical inactivity in Brazilian adolescents, mainly among girls
Authors: Christofaro Diego Giulliano Destro , De Andrade Selma Maffei , Mesas Arthur Eumann , Fernandes Rômulo Araújo , Farias Júnior José Cazuza 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives: To analyse the associations between high screen time and overweight, poor dietary habits and physical activity in adolescents according to sex. Methods: The study comprised 515 boys and 716 girls aged 14–17 years from Londrina, Brazil. Nutritional status (normal weight or overweight/obese) was assessed by calculating the body mass index. Eating habits and time spent in physical activity were reported using a questionnaire. The measurement of screen time considered the time spent watching television, using a computer and playing video games during a normal week. Associations between high screen time and dependent variables (nutritional status, eating habits and physical activity levels) were assessed by binary logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. Results: Most adolescents (93.8% of boys and 87.2% of girls) spent more than 2 hours per day in screen‐time activities. After adjustments, an increasing trend in the prevalence of overweight and physical inactivity with increasing time spent on screen activities was observed for both sexes. Screen times of >4 hours/day compared with <2 hours/day were associated with physical inactivity, low consumption of vegetables and high consumption of sweets only in girls and the consumption of soft drinks in both sexes. Conclusions: The frequency of overweight and physical inactivity increased with increasing screen time in a trending manner and independently of the main confounders. The relationship between high screen time and poor eating habits was particularly relevant for adolescent girls.
Montesquieu
Authors: Volpilhac-Auger Catherine 
Published: August 2015

The first readers of Montesquieu (b. 1689–d. 1755) confronted the breadth of writings that extended into every domain, seeking to offer a global vision of human activities by means of the notion of relationship (rapport) that outright rejects any artificial segmentation of the real. It is multiple as well in its form, insofar as it adopts, while renewing them radically, the paths of fiction, treatises, and essays. But his thought has often been teleologically reduced to The Spirit of Law (L’Esprit des lois, 1748) alone, to which all the rest of his work was supposed to be leading. To be sure, it is a culminating work; but with the discovery of a mass of uncompleted or confidential manuscripts it has become impossible to limit ourselves to his published works: if we are to understand its design and implications in depth, to see even its meaning (for Montesquieu’s thought, synthetic and rich in allusions, is concentrated, even elliptical), it is better to contextualize it and show its evolution. The edition of the texts (and of course their translations as well) here assumes particular importance, for it is not merely a function of philology, but also of interpretation, and it grounds the hermeneutic, which has developed historically in several directions. The first critiques bore on the supposed disorder of The Spirit of Law. This still sometimes underlying notion has become marginal, especially after the renewal of research around 1960. On the other hand the reproach of not choosing between fact (particular) and right (universal), what is and what ought to be, or rather describing without taking sides and underrating the question of value, assumes major importance; to it correspond the political question and that of justice, to which must be added two little-understood aspects of his philosophical activity: the domain of history, and that opened by the Persian Letters. A section on Montesquieu in Context also allows us to put Montesquieu’s originality into relief by indicating the philosophical currents in which he can be situated, more precisely in a section on Montesquieu and the Foundations of Modern Thought; and the Posterity section looks at the echo and influence of his work, more especially in the United States, which merits its own section. As a complement, we have thus also adopted an analytical presentation of the different means that allow us to approach his work: simple tools, edited collections, monographs that are rarely aligned along a single axis or theme of his thought, so pregnant is this totalizing vision in which “everything is closely connected.” By way of complement, bibliographies, biographies, and research resources, indispensable tools, are also presented. The author would like to thank Philip Stewart for translating this article from French into English.
Charles Chaplin
Authors: Kornhaber Donna 
Published: August 2015

Charles Chaplin (b. 1889–d. 1977), better known as Charlie Chaplin, was one of the greatest film stars of the 20th century and one of the most important filmmakers in the history of the medium. Born into poverty in London to a family of music hall performers, Chaplin grew up in destitution with his mother, who suffered from periods of insanity. He joined the prestigious Karno stage company while a teenager and from there was recruited to the fledgling Keystone Studios, famous for its raucous brand of slapstick films. Chaplin excelled at Keystone, quickly developing the “Tramp” character that would become his mainstay and graduating to directing his own short films after only weeks on the job. He left Keystone within a year for a series of more lucrative contracts, quickly becoming one of the highest-paid figures in the film industry and creating a classic body of short films. By 1919 Chaplin had amassed a large enough fortune to start his own film studio and co-founded United Artists to distribute his works, leaving him all but free from outside influence or interference. Throughout the 1920s he created the feature films that would help define his legacy but struggled with the advent of sound technology, refusing to include spoken dialogue in his films for nearly a decade. Chaplin’s first full talkie, The Great Dictator (1940), offered a scathing parody of fascist dictatorship and marked a newfound political mode in his filmmaking. Chaplin’s leftist politics, coupled with a scandalous and protracted paternity suit in the mid-1940s, soon led to a marked decline in his popularity, such that when he left for a worldwide publicity tour for Limelight (1952) he was denied reentry to the country. Chaplin lived the remainder of his life in Switzerland, returning to America only in 1972 to accept an honorary Academy Award. Critical appraisal of Chaplin’s body of work has varied over the decades. Hailed as a genius from early in his career, he saw his critical fortunes fall with his transition to talking pictures. Yet Chaplin always had a coterie of dedicated critical supporters, including such illustrious figures as André Bazin and Andrew Sarris, and the critical estimation of his work has only grown since his death. He remains today one of the most lauded and beloved figures in film history.
Vitamin D Status in Blount Disease
Authors: Lisenda Laughter , Simmons Dina , Firth Gregory B. , Ramguthy Yammesh , Kebashni Thandrayen , Robertson Anthony J. F. 
Published: August 2015

Introduction:
Blount disease can be defined as idiopathic proximal tibial vara. Several etiologies including the mechanical theory have been described. Obesity is the only causative factor proven to be associated with Blount disease. The aim of this study is to assess if there is an association of vitamin D deficiency and Blount disease.

Methods:
This a retrospective study of preoperative and postoperative patients with Blount disease who were screened for vitamin D deficiency. Patients with genu varum due to confirmed vitamin D deficiency and rickets were excluded. The study patients had the following blood tests done: calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) hormones.

Results:
We recruited 50 patients. The mean age of these patients was 10.4 years (SD±3.88) with average body mass index of 28.7 kg/m2 (±10.2). Thirty (60%) patients were diagnosed with infantile, 4 (8%) juvenile, and 16 (32%) adolescent Blount disease. Eight (16%) patients were found to be vitamin D deplete (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L). Of these, 8 patients, 6 were insufficient (25(OH)D levels between 30 and 50 nmol/L) and the other 2 were deficient (25(OH)D levels <30 nmol/L).

Conclusions:
This study showed that the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with Blount disease was similar to that of healthy children living in Johannesburg. There is no evidence that vitamin D deficiency is a factor in causing Blount disease.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective study.
The Influence of the Unaffected Hip on Gait Kinematics in Patients With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Tretiakov Mikhail , Do Khanh P. , Aiona Michael 
Published: August 2015

Background:
Hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP) patients have transverse-plane gait deviations that may include the “uninvolved” side. The aim of this study is to quantify the static rotational profile, the dynamic position during gait and determine whether any correlations between the involved and uninvolved side exist.

Methods:
A total of 171 subjects that met the inclusion criteria of HCP and no prior history of bony surgery were reviewed. Clinical and gait measurements were analyzed and compared between subjects and a population of typically developing (TD) children.

Results:
Among children with HCP, static internal hip rotation of the affected limb was strongly correlated to static internal hip rotation on the unaffected limb (r=0.543, P<0.0001).
There were 100 patients with maximum static internal rotation ≥66% of the total arc of motion in the affected hip. These subjects showed significant differences of static range of motion measures of the affected hip compared with TD. They also showed statistical significant differences between the dynamic measures of the affected limb of HCP and TD for mean pelvic rotation, mean hip rotation, and mean knee progression.
In these 100 subjects, 23 patients had a maximum static internal rotation ≥66% of the total arc of motion on the unaffected hip and there were 77 subjects with <66% static internal rotation. Pelvic rotation and hip rotation were statistically different between these 2 groups, but knee progression angle was not significant.

Conclusions:
The “unaffected” side in patients with HCP influence gait kinematics. If static internal hip rotation exceeds 66% of the total arc of motion, almost all studied static and gait parameters were abnormal in HCP children, regardless if it was the affected side. Compensations on the “unaffected” side seem to be somewhat limited if the anatomic alignment is significantly asymmetric. This may be 1 reason pelvic transverse-plane changes after femoral rotation osteotomy are unpredictable.

Level of Evidence:
Level II.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Discoid Lateral Meniscus Tears in Children With Achondroplasia
Authors: Atanda Alfred , Wallace Maegen , Bober Michael B. , Mackenzie William 
Published: August 2015

Background:
Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal dysplasia that presents to the pediatric orthopaedist. More than half of achondroplasia patients are affected with knee pain. It is thought that the majority of this pain may be due to spinal stenosis, hip pathology, or knee malalignment. Discoid menisci can be a source of lateral knee joint pain in skeletally immature patients in general. We present the first case series of patients with achondroplasia who had symptomatic discoid lateral menisci treated with arthroscopic knee surgery.

Methods:
The charts of 6 patients (8 knees) with achondroplasia who underwent arthroscopic knee surgery for symptomatic discoid lateral menisci were collected. History and physical examination data, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and operative reports were reviewed. Meniscal tear configuration and treatment type (meniscectomy vs. repair) were noted.

Results:
Each patient was found to have a tear of the discoid meniscus. All menisci were treated with saucerization. In addition, meniscal repair was performed in 2 cases, partial meniscectomy in 3 cases, and subtotal meniscectomy in 3 cases. Two patients had bilateral discoid meniscal tears which were treated. Average follow-up was 2.4 years (range, 1 to 4.5 y) and the average pediatric International Knee Documentation Committee (pedi-IKDC) score was 85.3% (range, 75% to 95.4%). At final follow-up, all patients were pain free and able to return to full activities.

Conclusions:
Discoid meniscus tears may be a source of lateral joint line pain in patients with achondroplasia. These injuries can be successfully treated with arthroscopic surgery in this patient population. Future studies need to be done to determine the exact incidence of discoid menisci in achondroplasia patients and also to determine whether there is a genetic relationship between the 2 conditions.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.