bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of overnight wear of the Triggerfish® sensor on corneal thickness measured by Visante® anterior segment optical coherence tomography
Authors: Hubanova Ralitsa , Aptel Florent , Chiquet Christophe , Mottet Benjamin , Romanet Jean‐Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of overnight wear of the Triggerfish® contact lens sensor (CLS) on central corneal thickness (CCT) using the Visante® anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).MethodsTwelve healthy subjects were studied in a sleep laboratory. An ophthalmic examination including ultrasonic CCT, corneal topography, specular microscopy and AS‐OCT CCT was performed. Starting at 7 pm, the Triggerfish® CLS was fitted on one randomly selected eye. Similar AS‐OCT measurements were taken on both eyes every 2 hr from 8 pm to 8 am. The CLS was removed just after the 8 am measurement session. Measurements were repeated at 9 am.ResultsTwenty‐four eyes of 12 subjects were studied (mean age, 22.1 ± 2.4 years; four men/eight women). CCT significantly increased during the night in both CLS and control eyes (p < 0.01). The maximal change was +4.4 ± 1.7% in the CLS eyes and +2.9 ± 1.8% in the control eyes (p < 0.05). Throughout the night, CCT significantly increased more in eyes with CLS than in control eyes (p < 0.05). There were significantly more corneal curvature irregularities after overnight wear of the CLS than in the control eye: +1.63 Dioptre (D) versus −0.02 D in the 3‐mm central zone and +3.17 D versus +0.01 D in the 5‐mm central zone (p < 0.01).ConclusionCCT and corneal curvature irregularities increased slightly but significantly more in eyes with the Triggerfish® CLS than in control eyes during overnight wear. Further studies are required to determine whether the corneal curvature changes modify the signal recorded by the sensor.
Medication Counselling: Physicians' Perspective
Authors: Bonnerup Dorthe Krogsgaard , Lisby Marianne , Eskildsen Anette Gjetrup , Sædder Eva Aggerholm , Nielsen Lars Peter 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMedication reviews have the potential to lower the incidence of prescribing errors. To benefit from a medication review, the prescriber must adhere to medication counselling. Adherence rates vary from 39 to 100%. The aim of this study was to examine counselling‐naive hospital physicians' perspectives and demands to medication counselling as well as study factors that might increase adherence to the counselling. The study was conducted as a questionnaire survey among physicians at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. The questionnaire was developed based on focus group interviews and literature search, and was pilot‐tested among 30 physicians before being sent to 669 physicians. The questionnaire consisted of 35 items divided into four categories: attitudes (19 items), behaviours (3 items), assessment (8 items) and demographics (5 items). The response rate was 60% (400/669). Respondents were employed at psychiatric, medical or surgical departments. Eighty‐five per cent of respondents agreed that patients would benefit of an extra medication review, and 72% agreed that there was a need for external medication counselling. The most important factor that could increase adherence was the clinical relevance of the counselling as 78% rated it of major importance. The most favoured method for receiving counselling was via the electronic patient record.
Impact on L‐carnitine Homeostasis of Short‐term Treatment with the Pivalate Prodrug Tenofovir Dipivoxil
Authors: Jia Yan‐Yan , Lu Cheng‐Tao , Feng Juan , Song Ying , Zhao Jin‐Yi , Wang Shan , Sun Yuan , Wen Ai‐Dong , Yang Zhi‐Fu , Hang Tai‐Jun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPivalate‐generating prodrugs have been suggested to cause clinically significant hypocarnitinaemia. Tenofovir dipivoxil, a novel ester prodrug of tenofovir, can be used for treatment for hepatitis B and HIV infection and it was necessary to evaluate the effect of its treatment on carnitine homeostasis. We sought to investigate the effect of Class 1 drug tenofovir dipivoxil on endogenous L‐carnitine level during a 72‐hr test in healthy Chinese volunteers and to establish a suitable dose of L‐carnitine nutritional supplement for patients who were administered short‐term tenofovir dipivoxil tablets for treatment for hepatitis B and herpes simplex virus infection. Tenofovir dipivoxil was administered in one of eight dosing regimens (single dose 150, 300 and 600 mg, multiple dose 300, 450, and 600 mg, multiple dose 450 (600) mg tenofovir dipivoxil and 0.5 g L‐carnitine) to gender‐balanced groups of 84 healthy Chinese volunteers. Plasma concentrations of L‐carnitine were quantified before, during and after treatment. Plasma L‐carnitine concentrations fell during tenofovir dipivoxil dosing. The nadir in L‐carnitine concentration was dependent on the dose of tenofovir dipivoxil and it decreased from 6.1 ± 0.6 to 4.4 ± 0.8 μg/ml, 6.1 ± 1.8 to 3.3 ± 1.2 μg/ml, 6.2 ± 0.6 to 2.5 ± 0.5 μg/ml for single doses of 150, 300, 600 mg tenofovir dipivoxil tablets and from 6.0 ± 1.4 to 2.1 ± 1.5 μg/ml, 6.2 ± 0.4 to 0.9 ± 0.5 μg/ml for multiple doses of 450, 600 mg tenofovir dipivoxil tablets, respectively. Short‐term administration of tenofovir dipivoxil results in hypocarnitinaemia and increased losses of carnitine in resulting of minor adverse events of decreased food appetite, nausea, abdominal distention and muscle weakness.
Modeling bipolar disorder suicidality
Authors: Malhi Gin S , Bargh Danielle M , Kuiper Sandy , Coulston Carissa M , Das Pritha 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo review the psychosocial, neuropsychological, and neurobiological evidence regarding suicide and bipolar disorder (BD), to enable the development of an integrated model that facilitates understanding, and to provide a useful framework for future research.MethodsA two‐stage literature review was conducted. First, an electronic literature search was performed using key words (e.g., bipolar disorder, suicide risk, and neuroimaging) and standard databases (e.g., MEDLINE). Second, theoretical suicide models were reviewed, and their evidence base and relevance to BD were evaluated in order to determine a guiding theoretical framework for contextualizing suicide in BD.ResultsAlthough accumulating clinical, cognitive, and neurobiological correlates of suicide have been identified in BD, extant research has been largely atheoretical. The Cry of Pain (CoP) and an adapted version of the model, the Schematic Appraisals Model of Suicide (SAMS), provide a useful schema for examining vulnerability to suicide in BD, by taking into account biopsychosocial determinants of suicidality. In combination, these also provide a model within which the neural correlates of suicide can be integrated.ConclusionsThe proposed Bipolar Suicidality Model (BSM) highlights the psychosocial precursors to suicidality in BD, while recognizing the key role of cognitive deficits and underlying functional neurobiological abnormalities. It usefully integrates our knowledge, and provides a novel perspective that is intended to meaningfully inform future research initiatives, and can lead to a better understanding of suicidality in bipolar disorder. Ultimately, it is hoped that it will facilitate the development of targeted interventions that diminish the risk of suicide in bipolar disorder.
Splanchnic vein thrombosis in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Sekhar Mallika , McVinnie Kathryn , Burroughs Andrew K. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySplanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT) is one of the most important complications of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Although MPN are common causes of SVT, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this predisposition, their epidemiology and natural history are not fully understood. Studies have concentrated on the generalized prothrombotic environment generated by MPN and their relationship with abnormal blood counts, thereby furthering our knowledge of arterial and venous thrombosis in this population. In contrast, there are few studies that have specifically addressed SVT in the context of MPN. Recent research has demonstrated in patients with MPN the existence of factors increasing the risk of SVT such as the presence of the JAK2 V617F mutation and its 46/1 haplotype. Features unique to the circulating blood cells, splanchnic vasculature and surrounding micro‐environment in patients with MPN have been described. There are also abnormalities in local haemodynamics, haemostatic molecules, the spleen, and splanchnic endothelial and endothelial progenitor cells. This review considers these important advances and discusses the contribution of individual anomalies that lead to the development of SVT in both the pre‐neoplastic and overt stage of MPN. Clinical issues relating to epidemiology, recurrence and survival in these patients have also been reviewed and their results discussed.
Enhanced and aberrant T cell trafficking following total body irradiation: a gateway to graft‐versus‐host disease?
Authors: Vianello Fabrizio , Cannella Laura , Coe David , Chai Jian‐Guo , Golshayan Dela , Marelli‐Berg Federica M. , Dazzi Francesco 
Published: July 2013

SummaryPre‐transplant conditioning regimens play a major role in triggering graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). This study investigated the effect of irradiation on donor T cell trafficking to lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissues by comparing the migration of carboxy‐fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester‐labelled, naïve donor T lymphocytes in vivo in irradiated and non‐irradiated syngeneic mice recipients. Recruitment of adoptively transferred naïve T cells to secondary lymphoid organs was increased in irradiated mice and naïve T cells also aberrantly localized to non‐lymphoid tissues. Irradiation also induced aberrant effector memory T cell migration into lymph nodes and their localization to homing‐privileged non‐lymphoid sites, such as the gut. The presence of a minor histocompatibility mismatch further enhanced the aberrant accumulation of T cells in both lymphoid and non‐lymphoid tissue, whilst their migratory pattern was not modified as compared to fully matched irradiated recipients. These effects correlated with decreased permeability of, and the secretion of chemotactic factors by the endothelium. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that excessive, dysregulated extravasation of T cells induced by irradiation promotes the development of GVHD.
Change in metabolic parameters and weight in response to risperidone monotherapy in young children with nonpsychotic disorders: a prospective open‐label study
Authors: Alan Burcu Ersoz , Cengel Kultur S. Ebru 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundThis study investigates changes in metabolic parameters in prepubertal children after 14–16 weeks of treatment with low‐dose risperidone.MethodThirty‐one children (mean age 5.46 ± 1.98 years) were treated with risperidone (0.25–1 mg/day; 0.01–0.07 mg/kg/day). Patients were excluded if they were using any medication other than risperidone or were diagnosed with any medical problem in addition to a non‐psychotic disorder.ResultsWeight (Δ: 2.51 ± 1.94 kg), height (Δ: 0.03 ± 0.04 cm), BMI (Δ: 0.82 ± 1.4), BMI percentile (Δ: 9.72 ± 16.40), BMI z‐score (Δ: 0.33 ± 1.03), triglyceride (Δ: 1.50 ± 23.97 mg/dl), very low density lipoprotein (Δ: 2.99 ± 4.76 mg/dl), insulin (Δ: 3.07 ± 3.38 mIU/ml), and leptin (Δ: 3.02 ± 4.69 ng/ml) were significantly increased (p < .05).ConclusionThe metabolic side effects of risperidone must be carefully monitored in prepubertal children.
Perinatal risk factors for wheezing phenotypes in the first 8 years of life
Authors: Caudri D. , Savenije O. E. M. , Smit H. A. , Postma D. S. , Koppelman G. H. , Wijga A. H. , Kerkhof M. , Gehring U. , Hoekstra M. O. , Brunekreef B. , de Jongste J. C. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundA novel data‐driven approach was used to identify wheezing phenotypes in pre‐schoolchildren aged 0–8 years, in the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) birth cohort. Five phenotypes were identified: never/infrequent wheeze, transient early wheeze, intermediate onset wheeze, persistent wheeze and late onset wheeze. It is unknown which perinatal risk factors drive development of these phenotypes.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to assess associations of perinatal factors with wheezing phenotypes and to identify possible targets for prevention.MethodsIn the PIAMA study (n = 3963), perinatal factors were collected at 3 months, and wheezing was assessed annually until the age of 8 years. Associations between perinatal risk factors and the five wheezing phenotypes were assessed using weighted multinomial logistic regression models. Odds ratios were adjusted for confounding variables and calculated with ‘never/infrequent wheeze’ as reference category.ResultsComplete data were available for 2728 children. Risk factors for transient early wheeze (n = 455) were male gender, maternal and paternal allergy, low maternal age, high maternal body mass index, short pregnancy duration, smoking during pregnancy, presence of older siblings and day‐care attendance. Risk factors for persistent wheeze (n = 83) were male gender, maternal and paternal allergy, and not receiving breastfeeding for at least 12 weeks. Intermediate onset wheeze (n = 98) was associated with a lower birth weight and late onset wheeze (n = 45) with maternal allergy.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceWe identified different risk factors for specific childhood wheezing phenotypes. Some of these are modifiable, such as maternal age and body mass index, smoking, day‐care attendance and breastfeeding, and may be important targets for prevention programmes.
A long‐term follow‐up study of eighteen patients with thyrotrophin‐secreting pituitary adenomas
Authors: van Varsseveld Nadège C. , Bisschop Peter H. L. T. , Biermasz Nienke R. , Pereira Alberto M. , Fliers Eric , Drent Madeleine L. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryObjectiveTSH‐secreting pituitary adenomas (TSH‐omas) are a rare cause of thyrotoxicosis. First‐line therapy for these tumours is neurosurgery, although medical therapy with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) is increasingly used for this indication.Design and patientsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with a TSH‐oma (n = 18, 67% males) followed between 1989 and 2011 (median follow‐up 7 years, range 1–21) in three academic medical centres in the Netherlands, focusing on the role of SSA treatment.MeasurementsPatient records were reviewed for clinical, biochemical, imaging, pathological and treatment characteristics.ResultsAt initial evaluation, biochemical hyperthyroidism with non‐suppressed TSH concentrations was detected in 94% of the patients. The majority of patients (72%) had a macroadenoma with extrasellar extension. Fourteen patients underwent surgery, resulting in postoperative euthyroidism in six patients (43%). Recurrence of hyperthyroidism developed in three of them after 5, 24 and 32 months, respectively. Adjuvant radiotherapy (n = 2) did not induce remission. Three patients received SSA therapy exclusively, resulting in apparent cure in one of them. During long‐term follow‐up, 72% of all patients required medical therapy (mostly SSA treatment). Euthyroidism was achieved in all but one patient, who refused all treatments.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that patients with TSH‐omas, who often present with large macroadenomas with extrasellar extension, have an excellent response to SSA therapy. Because the results of surgery and radiotherapy are disappointing, primary medical therapy may be considered in virtually all patients, except in case of optic chiasm compression, especially in those harbouring large adenomas with parasellar extension.
No remarkable differences in rates of sensitization to common type I and IV allergens between FLG loss‐of‐function mutation carriers and wild‐type subjects
Authors: Landeck Lilla , Visser Maaike , Skudlik Christoph , Brans Richard , Kezic Sanja , John Swen Malte 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundLoss‐of‐function mutations in the filaggrin gene (FLG) have been associated with reduced skin barrier function, possibly allowing increased penetration of irritants and allergens.ObjectivesTo study whether FLG loss‐of‐function mutation carriers show different rates of sensitization to common type I and IV allergens among patients referred for occupational contact dermatitis of the hands.Materials and MethodsFour hundred and ninety‐six Caucasian patients were genotyped for four FLG null mutations and patch tested with the European baseline series. In addition, 431 patients underwent prick testing with common type I allergens.ResultsOverall, 67 patients showed a heterozygous mutation in the FLG alleles R501X, R2447X, S3247X, and/or 2282del4. Sensitization rates for type I allergens from a European prick test series did not show significant differences between FLG loss‐of‐function mutation carriers and wild‐type subjects. For type IV allergens, significantly more FLG loss‐of‐function carriers were found to be sensitized to lanolin and p‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin.ConclusionsProbably a variety of immunological mechanisms other than that resulting from the filaggrin system have an impact on allergic sensitization to a greater degree. Larger cohorts may be necessary to increase the statistical power of the findings presented regarding type I and IV sensitization.
The cobalt spot test – further insights into its performance and use
Authors: Midander Klara , Julander Anneli , Skare Lizbet , Thyssen Jacob P. , Lidén Carola 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundA spot test was recently developed for easy and rapid testing to detect whether cobalt is available on surfaces in contact with skin.ObjectivesTo explore the potential use of the cobalt spot test as a tool for skin dose assessment, and to verify the sensitivity under laboratory conditions.MethodsA cobalt dilution series (cobalt standards mixed with cobalt spot test reagent solution) was prepared to determine the threshold for colour change. Defined doses of cobalt were applied to the fingers of 5 volunteers. Acid wipe sampling was used to measure the recovery of applied cobalt skin doses on one hand, and cobalt‐exposed areas on the other hand were spot tested.ResultsA weak colour gradient was visible from approximately 1 to 1.5 µg cobalt/ml in the dilution series. For a skin dose of 0.125 µg cobalt/cm2, 80% of the cobalt dose was collected by acid wipe sampling. Spot tests gave positive results in all cases (n = 5).ConclusionsThe cobalt spot test can be used to show cobalt on the skin. More experience is needed to understand and describe the most suitable test conditions.
What can be learnt from nothing? – A statistical perspective
Authors: Gefeller Olaf , Pfahlberg Annette B. , Uter Wolfgang 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackgroundNo observed event is a special, but not uncommon, result in patch test studies. The interpretation of such findings depends critically on the sample size (n) of the investigation, and is statistically addressed by the use of confidence intervals (CIs).ObjectiveTo define the statistically correct method of calculating a CI with a confidence level of 1 − α, where α denotes the tolerated statistical error probability, for an observed prevalence of 0%.MethodsA literature survey and evaluation of the statistical methods was conducted. The popular statistical software packages spss™ and sas™ were examined with regard to the methods implemented, and the results obtained, for estimating such CIs in this special case.ResultsThe evaluation identified [0; 1 − α1/n], which is well approximated by [0; 3/n] for α = 0.05, as an appropriate method to compute a CI with a confidence level of 1 − α. The resulting CI is an exact one, and more efficient than standard solutions. Popular statistical software such as spss™ and sas™ offers only various inefficient or even invalid procedures, but does not include this method.ConclusionsIt is easy to calculate a CI for an observed prevalence of 0% obtained in some studies. Such a CI facilitates the interpretation of such a finding, as it puts the observed zero result into adequate statistical perspective.
Prognostic value of pretreatment level of carcinoembryonic antigen on tumour downstaging and early occurring metastasis in locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant radiotherapy (30 Gy in 10 fractions)
Authors: Wang L. , Zhong X.‐G. , Peng Y.‐F. , Li Z.‐W. , Gu J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate the role of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in predicting the response to and prognosis for locally advanced rectal cancer treated with 30 Gy neoadjuvant radiotherapy (nRT) in 10 fractions (30 Gy/10 f).MethodThis retrospective study involved 240 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who underwent 30 Gy/10 f nRT (biologically equivalent dose 36 Gy) followed by total mesorectal excision between August 2003 and 2009. Serum CEA level was determined before administration of nRT. The prognostic value of serum CEA level on tumour downstaging and 3‐year disease‐free survival was analysed.ResultsNinety out of 240 (37.5%) patients had elevated CEA levels before nRT. The incidence of T downstaging in patients decreased significantly as the pretreatment CEA levels became more elevated (< 5 ng/ml, 50.7%; 5–10 ng/ml, 39.5%; > 10 ng/ml, 17.3%; P = 0.00014). Downstaging to ypCR or ypStage I occurred in 46.7% (66/150) of patients with a CEA level of < 5 ng/ml and 34.2% (13/38) of patients with a CEA level of 5–10 ng/ml. In contrast, just 13.5% (7/52) of those with a CEA level > 10 ng/ml downstaged to ypStage I and none of them achieved ypCR, with statistical difference (P = 0.001). A significantly higher incidence of early metastasis (within 6 postoperative months) was observed with increasing CEA level: 2.0% (3/150), 5.4% (2/38) and 11.5% (6/52) in patients with CEA level < 5 ng/ml, 5–10 ng/ml or > 10 ng/ml, respectively (P = 0.018).ConclusionPretreatment CEA level cannot only predict tumour downstaging and ypTNM stage for rectal cancer following 30 Gy/10 f nRT, but also promisingly suggests a high incidence of early occurring distant metastasis. These findings may be used to select patients with nRT resistance and occult metastasis and make alternative treatment strategies.
Working Memory in Nonsymbolic Approximate Arithmetic Processing: A Dual‐Task Study With Preschoolers
Authors: Xenidou‐Dervou Iro , van Lieshout Ernest C. D. M. , van der Schoot Menno 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPreschool children have been proven to possess nonsymbolic approximate arithmetic skills before learning how to manipulate symbolic math and thus before any formal math instruction. It has been assumed that nonsymbolic approximate math tasks necessitate the allocation of Working Memory (WM) resources. WM has been consistently shown to be an important predictor of children's math development and achievement. The aim of our study was to uncover the specific role of WM in nonsymbolic approximate math. For this purpose, we conducted a dual‐task study with preschoolers with active phonological, visual, spatial, and central executive interference during the completion of a nonsymbolic approximate addition dot task. With regard to the role of WM, we found a clear performance breakdown in the central executive interference condition. Our findings provide insight into the underlying cognitive processes involved in storing and manipulating nonsymbolic approximate numerosities during early arithmetic.