bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Planting Patterns and Plant Space on some Quantitative Traits of Maize Hybrids (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Hussien Malak A. , Kakarash Sakar A. , Mohammed Zakariya M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the fall season of 2023 at Agricultural Research Station of the College of Agriculture - University of Kirkuk, with the aim of determine the best hybrids, plant space, and planting pattern to obtain highest grain yield for maize. The experiment was applied by using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) according to the split-plot design, with three replications. Plant space (15,20,25, and 30) and their symbol is (D1, D2, D3, and D4), respectively. Planting pattern (Single row 25x50cm and double row 30x50cm) and their symbol is (P1 and P2) respectively, and hybrids (DKC6050 and DKC6777) and their symbol are (G1 and G2) respectively. The results showed that the G2 hybrid was superior in all traits to G1 hybrid. Plant space D4 was superior in terms of traits (number of rows ear-1, number of grain row-1, number of grain ear-1, and weight of 500 grain), While plant yield was superior to plant space D1 and reached (9.24 ton ha-1). The twin row pattern was superior in all traits to the single row pattern. In the two-factor interaction (G2xD4) excelled in the traits of (number of row ear-1, number of grain row-1, number of grain ear-1, and weight of 500 grain), while the interaction (G1xD1 and G2xD1) excelled in the trait of total grain yield by rchorded (9.23 and 9.24 ton ha-1), the interaction (G2xP1) excelled in all trait. As for the triple interaction (G2xD4xP2) were superior in the traits of (number of row ear-1, number of grain row-1, number of grain ear-1, and weight of 500 grain) while the interaction G1xD1xP2 and G2xD1xP2 were superior in the characteristics of total grain yield (10.49 and 9.53 ton ha-1).
Effect of Adding Organic and Nano-Zinc Fertilizer on Flower Growth Indicators, Yield, Its Components and Medically Active Compounds of Safflower Plants
Authors: Abd Hamidi Jawad Kadhim , Arak Rana Rais 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the spring season 2022-2023 in Babylon provinc - Albu Nafi’ area / Nile district located east of the city of Hilla, 12 km away, to study the effect of different levels of adding organic fertilizer and spraying zinc (80% Zn) with a purity rate of (80%). On some growth and yield traits of the safflower plant and its content of medically active compounds Carthamus tinctorius L. In a factorial experiment with a randomized completely block design (RCBD) and three replicates, the first factor included adding organic matter at four levels, namely 0 tons ha-1 compared to 10 tons ha-1 of poultry waste, 10 tons ha-1 of cow waste, and (5 tons ha-1 of poultry + 5 tons ha-1 of cow waste), and the second factor is spraying nano-zinc in the form of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) at four levels: Zn0 = 0 g.L-1, Zn1 = 1.00 g.L-1, Zn2 = 2.00 g.L-1 Zn3 = 3.00 g.l-1) and their interaction. The results indicated a significant superiority for adding organic fertilizer, poultry waste, 10 tons ha-1, and it gave the highest significant averages in the characteristics of the number of flower heads, as it reached 42.53 flower heads -1, and the number of seeds in the flower head reached 32.34 seeds flower head -1, the weight of 1000 seeds was 46.14 g.seed-1, the seed yield was 66.07 g.L-1, the oil content of the seeds was 30.94%, fatty Oliec acid was 15.96%, and fatty Linoliec acid was 0.129%, while the nano-zinc spraying treatment gave a concentration of 3 g.L-1. The highest averages for the above traits were 45.90 head-1, 33.67 flower head seeds-1, 49.15 seeds-1, 65.90 g-1, 33.88% and 15.78%.
The Effect of Allelopathic Stress of C3 and C4 Plants on the Growth Characteristics of Wheat Crop (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Latif Ghofran Marshoud , Al-Bayati Ayoub Jumaa , Mahdi Shaker 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The experiment was carried out during winter season 2022-2023 with the aim of determining the effect of the allelopathic effort of the weed plant residues, namely Arugula (Eruca sativa) C3 plant and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) C4 plant, on the wheat yield of two varieties (Adna and Ibaa). The experiment was carried out using an RCBD design in three replications. The results showed that the Ibaa variety was superior to the Adna variety in all the studied traits, including plant height of 79.6 cm, number of effective shoots 5.29 strands. Plant-1, number of grains 28.26 grains. spike-1 per spike, weight of a thousand grains 31.91 grains. g, and grain yield. 3.63 tons.h-1 for both seasons as for the species level, the C3 plant was superior in all the studied characteristics to the C4 plant. It gave a plant height of 83.2 cm, and the number of effective shoots was 5.93 shoots. Plant-1, number of grains was 29.17 grains. The values of adhesion decreased with increasing levels of residues in terms of allelopathic influence, while C4 plants were less affected in these traits.
Effect of Spraying Iron, Zinc and Copper Nanoparticles on the Yield and Quality of Grain for Two Cultivars of Bread Wheat
Authors: Hamagharib Rojbayany Salam Naji , Aziz Aljoburi Jasim Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This experiment was carried out in the winter season 2023-2022 and aimed to study the effect of some micro-nanomaterials in the method of leaf spraying on two cultivars of bread wheat (Al-Fayyad Genotypes V1) early growth and (Dijla Al-Khair Genotypes V2) late growth and using the Randomized complete block design in the experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kirkuk. With three replications, nanofertilizers were included for the micro-elements. The micro-nanomaterials (iron), (zinc) and (copper) were used separately and together with each other. The results showed that there were non-significant differences in the Grain yield with a higher average value of the Dijla Genotypes (5.68 tons.ha-1). As for the content of protein, wet and dry Gluten, and the percentage of extraction, of the Fayyad Genotypes was significantly higher in values (11.90%, 30.41%, 10.48%, 78.70%), respectively, compared to the lowest value of the Dijla, which was (11.57%, 28.56%, 10.00 %, 78.16%) respectively. As for the impact of fertilizer additives, the results indicated that there are significant differences between the average traits (Grain yield ton haare-1, protein content %, wet Glutin %, dry Glutin % and extraction %), as the triple addition of the elements outperformed the other additives and gave the highest values (7.891, 12.633, 32.801, 11.49, 79.99) while the control treatments gave the lowest values.
The Effect of Growth Stage of Two Types of Weeds and Spraying with Glutamic Acid on some Natural products, Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Fadhil Abeer A. , Saleh Shakir M. , Aloush Rana H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the 2022-2023 agricultural season at the research station of the Field Crops Department - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. It included 54 experimental units. Each experimental unit contained five lines of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., and weed seeds were planted between the wheat lines. The experiment was applied in a completely randomized block design (R.C.B.D), with three sectors, and the treatments were distributed in the arrangement of split plots. The treatments were spraying with glutamic acid during the three growth stages at three concentrations and two types of weeds (Malva praviflora and Raphanus raphanistrum). The results of the statistical analysis of the characteristics of the wheat crop showed a significant superiority in the comparison treatment (without weeds), and with a concentration of 0% glutamic, the highest germination rate for the three growth stages, as well as in the character of plant height, leaf area, total chlorophyll, number of shoots, and number of ears for the wheat crop.
Effects of Mimosa pudica L. Leaves Extracts on Some Physiological Traits of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Abd Al-Behadili Widad Ali , Saleh Mohammed H. , Faraj Salah H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A total of 150 Ross 308 day-old broiler chicks were brought, and they were unsexed. All the requirements were prepared in advance before introducing the meal. The chicks were distributed randomly into five treatments, with three replications for each treatment, 10 birds for each replicate. The treatments were as follows: T1 (control), T2: (addition of the aqueous extract of Mimosa pudica L. leaves at a rate of 1 ml / liter of drinking water), T3: (addition of the aqueous extract of Mimosa
Pudica L. Leaves at a rate of 2 ml / liter of drinking water. T4: (addition of the alcoholic extract of Mimosa pudica L. leaves at a rate of 1 ml / liter of drinking water). T5: (addition of the alcoholic extract of Mimosa pudica L. leaves at a rate of 2 ml / liter of drinking water). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C), high-density lipoprotein, and liver enzymes (GOT and GPT) were measured. The results indicated that there was a significant decrease in the concentration of the total cholesterol and liver enzymes (GOT and GPT), a significant increase in the level of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein for the addition treatments compared to the control treatments.
Effect of Spraying Dates for Gibberellic Acid and Boron on some Yield of the Mung Bean
Authors: Hamad Hassan Karim , Fadhil Ahmed Hasan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in spring and fall 2023 in the Musayyib project area, 40 km north of Babylon province, in silty loam soil to study the effect of gibberellic acid and boron spraying dates on two mung bean cultivar yield characteristics. Randomized full block design was used for the experiment. The local cultivar had the greatest average pod count 40.57 and 43.43 plant pods-1 for both seasons and varied considerably in all parameters. The local cultivar also had the highest overall seed production and pod seed count. These features averaged 7.692 pod seeds -1 and 1.083 tons ha-1 in fall. The Uzbek cultivar had the greatest average 100 seed weight (6.929 and 6.758 g) for both seasons. The Uzbek cultivar had the maximum spring seed output (9.275 seed pods -1 and 1. 365 tons ha-1). In both seasons, the second spraying date produced the most pods per plant (40.72 and 32.89) pod plant-1. Spring seed production (1.312) tons ha-1 and 100-seed weight (6.038) g were greatest on the third spraying day. Spraying with 200 mg L-1 gibberellin and 200 mg L-1 boron increased most of the studied traits for both seasons and yielded the highest average number of pods (44.64 and 40.15) plant pod-1, the number of seeds per pod (9.139 and 8.632) pod seeds-1, the weight of 100 seeds (6.614 and 5.901) grams, and the total seed yield (1.543 and 1.160) tons ha-1. Most features differed significantly between bi and triple interactions.
Study of The Chemical Composition of Syzygium Cumini (L.) Skeels
Authors: Ali Jawad Kadhim , Dogara Abdulrahman Mahmoud , Khalaf Maha A. , AL-Taey Duraid K. A. , Alsaffar Marwa Fadhil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Throughout history, medicinal plants have been the primary source for preventing and treating infectious diseases and other health issues. Researchers are conducting investigations to search for novel, affordable, and secure sources of antibiotics, antioxidants, and antidiabetic compounds. The more effective the medicinal plant is, the higher its demand will be, and the likelihood of non-availability will rise. Different parts of the plant must be explored to accommodate the increased demand. The study examined the chemical composition based on the essential oil of Syzygium cumini. The most abundant compound was Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6-dimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)- (27.5%). Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (9.89%), 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, butyl 2-methylpropyl ester (8.36%). The study involves a thorough examination of the chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from Syzygium cumini leaves. The study lays the groundwork for future research on the specific plant.
Analysis of Combining Ability and Heterosis in Partial Diallel Cross of Cotton
Authors: Juma Al-Jubouri Atiya Aidan , Madab Dawood Salman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Nine cultivars of American plantain cotton (Gosspium hirsutum L) were used. (1-Kafco, -2CI22, 3-Spiro, -4AK259, -5 Backcoat, -6 Montana, -7Lachata, 8- Condor, -9Dn 1047) and partial diallel cross (18 hybrid) which They were obtained according to the method proposed by Kempthorne and Curnow (1961) for the purpose of estimating the genetic parameters and genetic behavior of the traits of seed cotton yield and its components. The genotypes (parents + hybrids) were planted in the 2021/2022 agricultural season in Baiji District - Salah al-Din provainc (latitude 34.92944 and longitude 43.49389), using a completely randomized block design with three replicates. The results showed that the average variance of the genotypes was highly significant for most traits except for the traits (early flowering and number of seeds per boll). The father (Den 1047) gave highly significant and desirable effects for the general combining ability for three traits, followed by the fathers (CA22, Lachatta, and Chondro). This is evidence that These combinations have the largest number of genes with additional action, which play an important role in the inheritance of these traits. The hybrid (Kafco) – The value of the additional genetic variance was greater than the value of dominance genetic variance for the traits (plant height, early flowering, number of total boll, flower cotton yield, and total flower cotton yield). Narrow-sense heritability value was medium for the traits (number of fruiting branches, number of seeds per boll, average weight of the boll, and early yield) and high for the rest of the traits. Therefore, it recommend using the father (Den 1047) in plant breeding and improvement prog because it gives the highest productivity of seed cotton per plant as well as the highest productivity per unit area.
Effect of Cultivars and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Components of Black Barley
Authors: Hardan Hiba Mukhlif , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S. , Al-Silawi Razzaq L. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in Babylon Governorate, Al-Qasim Green University - College of Agriculture -in the fields Continue of the Field Crops Department during the winter agricultural season at 2022-2023 to study the response of three cultivars of black barley “Zanbaka”, “Mosul 1” and “Local Black” to add nitrogen fertilizer at level of 0, 60 and 120 kgNha-1, the combinations of treats were distributed in a factorial experiment according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The data were collected and analyzed according to the variance analysis table and the averages were tested according to least significant difference (LSD) at probability level 0.05. The results showed a significant superiority of “Zanbaka” cultivar in the appearances of main stem height and number of grains in spike, while cultivar “Mosul 1” were significantly superiorin flag area, total chlorophyll, number of spikes, weight of 1000 grains, biological yield, and total grain yield (3.44 tons ha-1), while the fertilizer at level 60 kgNha-1 significantly superior in flag area, total chlorophyll, number of spikes, number of grains, weight of 1000 grains, biological yield, and total grain yield (3.82 tons ha-1). It was significantly superior to the intervention treatment, Zanbaka x 120 kg.ha-1, in terms of main stem height. It also significantly outperformed the intervention treatment of Mosul 1 Cultivar × 60 kgNha-1 In the characteristics of the leaf area, the total chlorophyll pigments index, the weight of a thousand grains, the grain yield of 4.05 tons ha-1, and the harvest index.
Effect of Cultivars and Spraying Phenylalanine on Growth and Yield of Black Barley
Authors: Hardan Hiba Mukhlif , Al-Mohammad Maher H. S. , Al-Silawi Razzaq L. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was carried out during the winter agricultural season for the year 2022-2023 in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate - Department of Agricultural Research - Diwaniyah Research Station, to study the response of three cultivars of black barley “Zanbaka”, “Mosul 1” and “Black Local” and spraying the amino acid Phenylalanine at concentrations of 0 and 50 and 100 mg L-1, The combinations of treatments were distributed in a factorial experiment according to randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data was collected and analyzed according to the analysis of variance table, and the means were tested according to the least significant difference test at the 0.05 probability level. The results showed that the “Zanbaka” cultivar was significantly superior in the grain content of total phenols, the effectiveness of free radical scavenging, and the total antioxidant capacity of the grain. It was significantly superior to the spraying treatment at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 in the content of total anthocyanins, total phenolics, the effectiveness of scavenging free radicals, and the total antioxidant capacity. Significantly, the interaction treatment was Zanbaka × 100 Phe. mg kg-1 for main stem height, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, oxidative activity to suppress free radicals, and total antioxidant capacity amounted to 90.79 cm, 153.15 mg kg-1, 289.77 mg kg-1, 72.44%, and 84.90 mg kg-1, respectively. While the Mosul 1×50 Phe.mg L-1 conductor interference treatment was significantly superior for leaf area, total chlorophyll, biological yield, total grain yield, and percentage of fiber were 16.29 cm2, 42.33 and 10.09 tons ha-1, 4.14 tons ha-1 and 29.53 mg kg-1, respectively.
Effect of Some Beneficial Microorganisms on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat Plant
Authors: Hussein Ahmed A. , Abraheem Basheer A. , Shachai Naseer F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the aim of investigating the effect of some beneficial microorganisms on the yield and its components of the wheat plant Ibaa 99 variety. This experiment was conducted at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences of Baghdad University during the winter of 2019-2020, following RCBD with three replications and 8 treatments per replicate: Pseudomonas fluorescens (Ps.), Glomus spp. (Gl.), Mycorrhizae, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sa.) baking yeast, as well as the treatments resulting from their combinations, Ps + Gl, Gl + Sa, Ps + Sa, and Ps + Sa + Gl, in addition to the control treatment. The results showed that all treatments were significantly superior to the control treatment in the number of spikelets spike-1, spike length, and number of grains spike-1. The triple treatment Ps+Sa+Gl was significantly superior to all treatments (88.07 grains spike-1), and this treatment was significantly superior to the treatment Ps+Sa and the single treatment Sa to the other treatments in the number of spikelets m-2 and in the grain yield (3962 kg ha-1). Then Sa (3473.39 kg ha-1) was significantly superior to all other treatments, and finally Ps+Gl, Gl+Sa, and Ps+Sa (3010.95, 3079.15, and 3196.82 kg ha-1, respectively) were significantly superior to Ps, Gl, and control. This shows the importance of combining biofertilizers in plant nutrition and in providing 50% of the fertilizer recommendation, with the consequent reduction of pollution and lower production costs.
Genetic Parameters and Heritability of Sunflower Genotypes as Influenced by Different Nitrogen Rates
Authors: Yasir Musaab A. , Abed Ziyad A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out to estimate the genetic parameters, heritability in broad sense, Phenotypic coefficient (PCV), Genotypic coefficient (GCV) and phenotypic and genotypic correlation among characteristics of sunflower genotypes. Eight sunflower genotypes were evaluated in the randomized complete block design (RBCD) with three replications under three nitrogen rates (50, 100 and 200) Nkha-1 at spring and fall season. The results indicated that the sunflower genotypes were significantly for all characteristics. The phenotypic coefficient (PCV) was largest than the genotypic coefficient (GCV). The seed yield showed the highest PCV under 200 Nkha-1 (15.73) and the highest GCV (12.48) under 50 Nkha-1. Higher value of heritability in the broad sense was obtained (92.66, 94.13) % for seed weight and seed yield under (200) Nkha-1. while the lowest value of heritability was scored (44.56)% for seed yield in the fall season under 200 Nkha-1. However, characteristics having high stability, like disc diameter and seed weight under all nitrogen fertilizer rates, therefore can be used a selection criteria to improve some sunflower genotypes under nitrogen fertilizers.
The Role of Boron in the Vegetative Growth Characteristics of Several Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Ahmed Nadir Y. , Noaman Abdulsamad H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2023 in the Al-Hamadiyah area, at the Agricultural Research Station / College of Agriculture, within the latitude (22.44) and longitude (43.39), in sandy loam soil, to study the growth and productivity of four cotton cultivars under the influence of boron spraying. A randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) was used with three replications, in a split plot arrangement, where four concentrations of boron (0, 40, 80, 120) mg L-1, occupied the main plots, while the sub-plots included four cotton cultivars (Coker 310, Spearo, Montana, W888). The results indicate that the cultivar Spearo exhibited the lowest average number of nodes for the first fruiting branch on the main stem and the earliest number of days from planting to flowering, at 5.41 node and 63.39 days respectively. The cultivar Montana surpassed with the highest average leaf chlorophyll content of 28.05 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight. The cultivar Coker 310 excelled with the highest average plant height, number of vegetative branches, and number of fruiting branches, at 165.11 cm, 3.46 branches plant-1, and 13.06 branches plant-1, respectively.
Seed Quality of Two Sunflower Cultivar by Seed Priming Effect with Seaweed Extract
Authors: Abbas Hawraa Ali , Saudi A. H. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An experiment was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Field Crops Department in the College of Agriculture Engineering Science at the University of Baghdad. The goal was to investigate how treating two different sunflower varieties with seaweed extract would affect the viability and vigor of their seeds. The experiment was designed using CRD distributed factorial experiments over four trials and included two factors. The first factor consisted of seed priming treatments with five different concentrations of seaweed extract (ranging from 1 to 5 gm l-1) and a comparison treatment with only distilled water. The second factor involved testing two cultivars of sunflower (Ishaqi-1 and Ishaqi-2). The results showed that the Ishaqi-2 cultivar outperformed the Ishaqi-1 cultivar in all aspects studied. The highest mean values were observed for traits such as germination rate in the first and second intestines, radicle and plumule length, germination strength, seedling dry weight, and the percentage of normal seedlings in the aging test (63.82%, 94.21%, 4.430 cm, 8.411 cm, 1214.3, 0.4465 gm and 46.70%, respectively). The findings displayed a striking impact of the varying amounts of seaweed extract, with the highest concentration of 4 gm l-1 exhibiting superiority in multiple aspects, such as the germination rate in both initial and subsequent counts, as well as the length of the first root and shoot, overall seedling strength, and dry weight (66.19%, 97.25%, 5.339 cm, 9.194 cm, 1413.5, and 0.4778 gm, respectively). The interaction between the two factors explored in the study displayed varying results in numerous traits, but the most prominent was the stimulation of seeds of the Ishaqi cultivar with the concentration of 2 gm l-1 of seaweed extract.