bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF INVESTORS TOWARDS INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVES IN ERODE DISTRICT
Authors: Ramyashree A. 
Published: July 2024

Awareness on investment alternatives is a part of financial literacy. Financial literacy means a set of skills and knowledge that helps in understanding the various aspect of financial investments and enables an effective decision making process. Awareness means knowledge of the existence of a particular truth, event or thing. Awareness is commonly considered to be the first stage in the process of investment decision. Investors’ awareness means the prospective or existing investor is conscious and is having the knowledge of the existence of the investment avenues for investing the savings. Investors are expected to know about the various investment alternatives available to make effective investment decision. Knowledge about the various investment avenues facilitate comparison of merits and limitations each alternative.
Migraine Associated Vertigo in Children and Teenagers Epidemiology and Treatment .
Authors: Mansoor Alam  , Ubiad ullah  , Azam Khan  , Sakawat khan  , Israr Uddin  , Allah Noor  
Published: July 2024

Objective: describe the symptoms and outcome of vertigo in a pediatric population. Patients. The study included all children and teenagers who presented with dizziness in the otoneurology northwest general hospital Peshawar department from 2014 to 2021.
Study design:A retrospective observational study
Place and duration of study: from 02 jan 2014 to 02 jan 2021department of ENT kth hospital peshawar
Material And Methods: the study was carried out between 02 jan 2014 to 02 jan 2021 in the ENT KTH hospital in Peshawar. Children under the age of 13 who had normal otoscopy, a least one dizziness attack, and no prior neurological evaluation were included in the research. Children who have severe otitis media or otitis media with fluid experience dizziness. The current research concentrated on kids and teenagers who experienced dizziness despite having acceptable orthoscopic findings. Using SPSS 24, the sample number was determined.
Results: Seventy-four young participants, with ages averaging 10.5 years, partook in the investigation. Table 1 illustrates the profiles and clinical signs of these individuals. Remarkably, four patients showed location nystagmus, five had post-head-shaking nystagmus, and ten tested positive on the head impulse test. Spontaneous nystagmus occurred in 30% of the sample. Fifty-four reported using English as their primary language. Twenty-three children completed the research, with an 18% dropout rate. Notably, as per Jongkees' equation, 68% of ENG patients manifested aberrant caloric examination results, classified as canal paresis exceeding 26% or orientation preponderance over 30%. Additionally, aberrant spatial nystagmus appeared in six cases. The research uncovered an assorted range of causes for vertigo in youngsters, with comparable symptomatic demonstrations. The outcomes differed depending on the etiology, underscoring the significance of tailored analysis, treatment, and follow-up care. Collaborative efforts with medical professionals are absolutely crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective remedial approaches, minimizing the necessity for unnecessary laboratory testing.
Conclusion: Numerous causes of vertigo in children may manifest similar symptoms. Hospitals And Clinical Results Vary Based On Etiology. In each case, the diagnosis should direct treatment and follow-up. Close coordination with medical professionals is frequently required to get the right diagnosis and treatment without undergoing unnecessary lab testing.
Keywords: Vertigo, Children, Teenagers, Epidemiology, Treatment
Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) Complications Rate in a Tertiary Care Center.
Authors: Sami Ullah  , Muhammad Asif  , Naveed Haroon  , Ijaz Ali  , Azara Ghani  
Published: July 2024

Background: Assess The Complication Rate Of Conventional Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy In A Tertiary Care Hospital (PCNL).
Study design: A Retrospective observational study.
Place and duration of study: Department Urology Lady Reading Hospital In Peshawar, Pakistan, From 05-January 2016 To 05- January 2020
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following research was carried out by the urologist department of Lady Reading Hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2016 to January 2020. Four hundred thirty-nine individuals with normal-panel underwent the study. Before non- contrast, C.T. kub was done on all subjects. The patient was lying flat after the 6fr ureteric catheter was inserted in the lithotomy position. All prone procedures using 30fr am plating sheaths were directed by fluoroscopy. Hydraulic lithoclasts broke the stone. All nephrostomy tubes were foley devices with a 16-fr size. Six physicians performed these operations with four years of penal experience. Postoperative problems were evaluated using an adapted Cloven rating method.
Results: There were problems with 46.9%. 54 (12%) and (120) grade I and II clavier problems were discovered. 67 (15%) stage I patients with transient temperature were treated with antipyretics. 53 (12%) patients used supine pressure bands to treat nephrostomy site leakage. 9 (2%) of the grade II issues needed IV antibiotics for sepsis, and 45 (10%) required blood transfusions. Extended haemorrhage occurred in 4 (0.8%) patients who underwent percutaneous angioembolization and 6 (1.2%) patients who underwent perinephric collection drainage. One (0.2%) patient had a colostomy, and 24 (5.3%) patients with persistent nephrostomy leakage or PCS injury underwent D.J. stenting. I was alright with Intensity IV. 0.4% of fatalities were due to severe bleeding.
Conclusion: The procedure of percutaneous nephrolithotomy is economical, risk-free, and well-tolerated. Most of the time, minor problems like brief temperature and nephrostomy site leaks go away independently. The degree of complexity has been reduced to almost nothing due to the shrinking size of Pcnls from conventional to mini, ultra mini, and micro.
Keywords: Complications, Territorial Care, Conventional, PCNL
Sejarah Perkembangan Tanjungpinang Sebagai Markas Militer di Daerah Perbatasan
Authors: Arman Dedi 
Published: July 2024

Tulisan ini mengkaji perkembangan Tanjungpinang sebagai markas militer di daerah perbatasan. Kajian dilakukan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dan dalam pengumpulan data dilakukan studi kepustakaan. Dari kajian diketahui, pasca kemerdekaan Tanjungpinang sebagai ibukota Kabupaten Kepulauan Riau memiliki peran penting sebagai markas militer militer. Kepulauan Riau satu-satunya kabupaten di Provinsi Riau yang tidak dikuasai oleh pemberontak ketika meletus pemberontakan di Sumatra Barat yang dilakukan Pemerintah Revolusioner Republik Indonesia (PRRI) tahun 1958. Pemerintah pusat menjadikan Tanjungpinang menjadi markas militer untuk menumpas pemberontakan PRRI setelah menguasai Lapangan Udara Kijang. Sejak tahun 1950-an, Tanjungpinang juga dijadikan basis Angkatan Laut Republik Indonesia. Dimulai pembentukan Komando Daerah Maritim Riau (KDMR) yang nantinya berubah nama jadi Komando Daerah Maritim (Kodamar), cikal bakal Pangkalan Utama Angkatan Laut RI (Lantamal) IV Tanjungpinang. Pentingnya posisi Tanjungpinang dalam bidang militer di wilayah perbatasan terlihat dengan kehadiran sejumlah institusi militer pasca terbentuknya Provinsi Kepri dengan Tanjungpinang sebagai ibukota. Diawali pembentukan Komando Resort Militer (Korem) 033 Wira Pratama tahun 2006, Komando Gabungan Wilayah Pertahanan (Kogabwilhan) I tahun 2020 dan Tanjungpinang jadi markas Komando Armada I tanggal 5 Desember 2022.
Sale of goods through marketplaces: problems of realization and protection of consumer rights
Authors: Kolesnichenko Ol'ga Viktorovna , Pankratova Dar'ya Vasil'evna 
Published: July 2024

The subject of the research in this article is the problems of legal regulation of the sale and protection of the rights of buyers when selling goods through marketplaces. The authors pay special attention to the characteristics of the application of this method of selling goods. The specifics of providing the marketplace to the consumer with reliable, complete and accurate information about the characteristics of the product, price, delivery and return conditions, the specifics of ordering and canceling the order, returning goods of inadequate quality and goods that did not suit the consumer in shape, dimensions, style, coloring, size or configuration are considered. The doctrinal approaches to the definition of the concepts of "marketplace" and "information aggregator" are investigated. It is noted that terminological certainty, which is so necessary in this field of legal regulation, is accepted as a condition for extending legal guarantees of the realization and protection of consumer rights in their universal meaning to the studied relations. The research was conducted using general philosophical (materialistic, dialectical), general scientific (logical, system-structural), private scientific (formal legal) methods. As a result of the study, it is proved that the sale of goods to consumers through marketplaces is characterized by a number of significant features that distinguish this method from distance trading in general, due to the presence of which there is a need to develop rules for the sale of goods (provision of services, performance of works) based on the marketplace. The authors propose to understand the marketplace as an intermediary platform between consumers of goods, works and services, organizations, individual entrepreneurs selling goods for personal, family and other consumption unrelated to entrepreneurial activity, built on the basis of a specific aggregator of information about goods, designed to create conditions for the conclusion, execution, termination and modification of the contract between the specified entities through e-commerce. It is noted that the mandatory components of the rules should be the rules for the exchange and return of goods purchased through the marketplace; the rules for refunding funds for goods of inadequate quality or goods that did not suit the consumer in shape, size, style, coloring, size or configuration; the rules for disclosing information about the sold product, including requirements for its originality; the rules registration and cancellation of the product order on the marketplace; rules for handling complaints and appeals to the marketplace.
Ostracism
Authors: Kristensen Karen Rørby 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOstracism was an Athenian institution: in Athens a citizen could be expelled and banished from the civic community for a period of ten years, with loss of neither civic rights nor property. The name derives from theostraca,”potsherds,” which were used in the procedure of ostracism – theostracophoria. Ostracism is known to have been employed at Athens between ca. 488/7bce(Hipparchos) and 417/16 (Hyperbolos), though it was not formally abolished after this date. Only ten cases of ostracism are securely attested.
Petalismos
Authors: Zambon Efrem 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

According to the brief definition provided by Hesychios (s.v.),
petalismos
was a form of Ostracism carried out using olive leaves. It was a legal procedure against any attempt to establish a Tyranny, used in Syracuse. The occasion for the establishment of this practice is recorded by Diodorus of Sicily (11.86.387.6). In 454
bce
civil strife broke out in Syracuse, and a certain Tyndarides, gathering the poor citizens and using them as an armed bodyguard, tried to set up a tyranny. His attempt was unsuccessful, due to the strong opposition of the prominent citizens, and he was put to death; nevertheless, to prevent further such attempts, the Syracusans decided to imitate the Athenians, writing on olive leaves the name of the most influential citizens and condemning the man who received the largest number of votes to a five‐year exile (instead of ten, as the practice was in Athens): thus they managed to curtail his influence and power in the city. Diodorus says that
petalismos
was used in Syracuse only for a short time. Since those who had civic responsibilities withdrew from public affairs and devoted themselves to a life of luxury, while the most ignoble citizens took the leading role and incited the masses to revolution, the city fell back into continuous disorder (Stasis). Social peace provided by the use of
petalismos
was temporary: it offered wealth for the citizens, but it did not educate them to concord and honesty. Therefore, the Syracusans decided to repeal it.
Pezhetairoi
Authors: Sekunda Nicholas V. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

This is the name of (members of) an elite Macedonian infantry regiment. Anaximenes
(FGrH
72 F4) tells us that one king Alexander, probably Alexander I of Macedon (Errington in Milns 1976: 131) created the
hetairoi
(”companions”) and
pezhetairoi
(”foot companions”). Theopompos
(FGrH
115 F 348) informs us that the
pezhetairoi
were chosen from the ranks of the king's spearbearers
(doryphoroi),
being the tallest and strongest among them. The
pezhetairoi
are first mentioned in a firm historical context in 349
bce
, as being in the army of Philip II of Macedon and as having “the reputation of being remarkably well trained in military matters” (Dem.
Ol
. 2.17).
Athenian Confederacy, Second
Authors: Dreher Martin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Second Athenian Confederacy, otherwise referred to as the Second Athenian League (Cargill 1981), was a military alliance (Symmachia) of GreekPoleisunder the hegemony of Athens. In ancient sources it is called “the Athenians and their allies” (hoi Athenaioi kai hoi symmachoi). It existed from 378 to 338bceand was the most active and visible Hellenic alliance of the fourth century. Its fate reflects that of the classical Greekpolis‐world before the Macedonian domination of Greece.
Thalassocracy
Authors: Constantakopoulou Christy 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
“Thalassocracy” is the phonetic adaptation of a noun meaning “sea power” in Greek. Ancient Greek historians, and particularly Thucydides, used the concept of “thalassocracy” as an analytical tool in investigating the past. Thucydides (1.4) saw early Greek history as a succession of thalassocracies, starting with the mythical figure of Minos in Crete. Some effort has been put into seeing Minoan thalassocracy in the archaeological remains of Minoan Crete and of the Cyclades Islands, but it is now accepted that this is a fifth‐century historical construction rather than an accurate reflection of Minoan realities.
Andrew, Acts of
Authors: Schroeder Caroline T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOne of several early Christian Apocryphal Acts of the Apostles, theActs of Andrewnarrates the exploits and death of one of the disciples in the years following Jesus' resurrection. According to the canonical Gospels, Andrew was Peter's brother. TheActs of Andrewwas popular in Antiquity. It was mentioned in a Manichaean psalmbook and by Christian authors as early as Origen. It was dismissed as heretical by church historian Eusebius.
Barley
Authors: Carlà Filippo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBarley (Latinhordeum, Greekkrithe) was cultivated in Mesopotamia and in Egypt (where it was used to produce “beer,” the most typical local drink, Hdt. 2.77) already in the fourth millenniumBCE; in the Mediterranean it was already grown in Neolithic times. It is attested in Mycenean tablets with the nameki‐ri‐ta.
Caelius Mons
Authors: Tucci Pier luigi 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

The Caelian Hill (
Caelius Mons
), located in the southeast part of Rome, was included within the first, second, and fifth Augustan regions. Its oldest name was
Mons Querquetulanus
(hill forested with oak) but, according to ancient tradition, it was replaced by the current name when the Etruscan general Caele Vibenna camped there with his army in the sixth century
BCE
.
Carrying capacity
Authors: Sallares Robert 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Carrying capacity is a concept with several different meanings. It originated about 1845 to signify what is now more generally termed the tonnage or payload of ships. Later in the nineteenth century it entered the nascent field of ecology, where it came to be used in at least three different ways: as an attribute of living organisms in their natural ecosystems; as the limit of natural growth of the population of a biological species, symbolized as K; and as the number of people that the earth as a whole, or a particular part of the world, can support (Sayre 2008).
Infrastructure
Authors: Schneider Helmuth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInfrastructure is a modern term that was initially used in the military sphere; transferred to the civilian domain, the term denotes structures that are necessary preconditions for the production and exchange of commodities. It refers primarily to buildings and technical facilities. A broader definition, which also includes institutions such as an education or health system as part of the infrastructure of modern societies, is seldom applied when describing ancient infrastructure. Apart from the economic significance of infrastructure, its effects on welfare are also to be indicated; in antiquity, this primarily applies to water supplies. Among the commonly shared characteristics of infrastructural constructions is their joint planning and financing by cities, communities, and rulers and their use by the populace, to a large extent free of charge.
Labor, compulsory
Authors: Hoffmann‐Salz Julia 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

The ancient world knew many forms of compulsory labor. Slaves, of course, had to do any work assigned to them by their masters. Prisoners of war could be forced to work in mines and quarries or as public slaves. Herodotus tells us that the Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II used prisoners from his Near Eastern campaigns to build the canals and waterways of Egypt (Hdt. 2.108). Later, we find Athenian prisoners in the quarries at Syracuse (Plut.
Nic
. 29) and Syracusan ones in the Athenian stone pits at Piraeus (Xen.
Hell
. 1.2.14). The Romans sent prisoners from the revolt in Judaea to the mines in Egypt (Joseph.
BJ
6.418). Slaves and citizens of the lower classes (
humiliores
) convicted of offenses such as fraud were also often sentenced to forced labor in the mines, quarries, or public works like road building.
Liturgy, Greece and Rome
Authors: Garnett Sterling 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

The liturgy (
leitourgia
, “work for the people”) was an institution of compulsory public service in the classical Greek world, best known from Athens, in which the wealthiest citizens (and, for certain liturgies, metics) were compelled to shoulder the financial burden of some project or activity of benefit to the
polis
.
Persepolis tablets
Authors: Henkelman Wouter F. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo archives of clay tablets were excavated at Persepolis, a major Achaemenid residence in southwestern Iran: the Persepolis Fortification archive (PFA), in the northeastern Fortification (1933), and the Persepolis Treasury archive (PTA), in the Treasury building (1936/38). They are a cornerstone of primary evidence on the Persian Empire (ca. 550–330BCE).
Price formation
Authors: Nappo Dario 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe importance of studying the formation of prices was explained many decades ago by: “If, then, we regard the economic system as an enormous conglomeration of interdependent markets, the central problem of economic inquiry becomes the explanation of the exchanging process, or, more particularly, the explanation of the formation of price.” According to one of the oldest principles in economics, prices are the result of a balance between “supply and demand,” a model that applies to all competitive markets.
Wage labor
Authors: Mac Mahon Ardle 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In the Greco‐Roman world, wage labor was seen as sordid and those that performed it as servile. The writings of philosophers and orators, such as Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero, suggest a deep disdain for work, and manual labor in general (Balme 1984; Treggiari 1980). Not only were those that labored believed to be slaves to necessity, they were incapable of high‐mindedness and lacked a willingness and time to take part in the affairs of the state. However, the literary sources were not the product of those who performed services, and for the elite to admit their importance would undermine their own position.
Winnowing
Authors: Carlà Filippo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Winnowing is the action of separating grain from chaff and legumes from husks. The simplest way is leaving the grain exposed to the wind, which blows away the chaff (Colum. 2.20.5). But different kinds of winnowing‐fans were used to make the process faster. One was a sort of basket (Latin
vannus
, Greek
liknon
) which was shaken to bring the chaff towards a shallow end and let it fall down (e.g., Arist.
Met
. 368b; Xen.
Oec
. 18.6–8). Another was a sort of shovel (Greek
ptyon
, Latin
ventilabrum
), often with teeth (Greek
thrinax
or
likmeterion
) with which the grain was thrown in the air (e.g., Hom.
Il
. 5.499–505; 13.587–90; Varro
Rust
. 1.52.2;
Ling
. 5.138; Colum. 2.10.14). The third instrument was a sieve (Greek
koskinon
, Latin
cribrum
) known through Servius (
G
. 1.166), and also in Diocletian's Price Edict (15.60a), which registers also
velabra
and
threinaces
(15.48–51). The winnowing‐fans, and in particular the
liknon
, were used in various religious rites (e.g., Theocr.
Id
. 7.155–7), such as the Eleusinian mysteries, and appear as a divine attribute of agricultural deities as well as Dionysos (Verg.
G
. 1.166; Plut.
Alex
. 2.9);
Liknites
was also an epithet of Dionysos (Plut.
De Is. et Os
. 35). According to Servius, winnowing was a symbol of a soul's purification, and the
Liknophoria
were purification rituals. In the Christian tradition winnowing could be a metaphor for separating good and bad (e.g., Mt:12).
Berenike, Egypt
Authors: Sidebotham Steven E. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBerenike (23° 54.62' N/35° 28.42' E), a Ptolemaic‐Roman port (third centuryBCE–sixth centuryCE), lies on the Egyptian Red Sea coast, approximately 825 km south of Suez (Clysma‐Cleopatris‐Arsinoe‐Qolzoum) and 260 km east of Aswan (Syene). Ptolemaic Berenike imported elephants by sea; Roman‐era Berenike was a commercial link between the Mediterranean basin and Red Sea–Indian Ocean littorals.
Cleopatra Selene
Authors: Llewellyn‐Jones Lloyd 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Cleopatra Selene, one of the most determined and long‐lived of the Ptolemaic royal women, was born around 135–130
BCE
, the daughter of Ptolemy VIII and his niece‐wife, Cleopatra III. She was one of three daughters (with Cleopatra IV and Tryphaina) and two sons (Ptolemy IX and Ptolemy X), and may have been the youngest of the royal siblings. During her life she was both one‐time queen of Egypt and of Syria, and the wife and mother of several successive kings.
Crocodile
Authors: Verhoogt Arthur 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOf all crocodilians, the Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) was most prominent in the ancient world. Just as in many parts of Africa today, the Nile crocodile was a terrifying presence along the borders of the River Nile. With its rather impressive appetite for larger prey, crocodiles could not do otherwise than impress the humans who came into contact with this ferocious hunter.