bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dialogue about Vaccine Side Effects: Understanding Difficult Pandemic Experiences
Authors: Hammarlin Mia-Marie , Dellson Pia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between the experiences of mass vaccinations against two pandemic viruses: the swine flu in 2009–2010 and COVID-19 in the early 2020s. We show how distressing memories from the swine flu vaccination, which led to the rare but severe adverse effect of narcolepsy in approximately 500 children in Sweden, were triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. The narcolepsy illness story has rarely been told in academic contexts; therefore, we will provide space for this story. It is presented through a dialogue with the aim of shedding light on the interrelationship between pandemics—and between mass vaccinations—to investigate what could be termed cultural wounds that influence societies because they are characterized by the difficulty of talking about them. The paper explores the multiple shocks of illness in life and what can be learned from them by sharing them.
Suicide Attempts during Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gelabert Estel , Plaza Anna , Roca-Lecumberri Alba , Bramante Alessandra , Brenna Valeria , Garcia-Esteve Lluisa , Lega Ilaria , Subirà Susana , Toscano Carolina , Torres-Giménez Anna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Suicide attempts (SA) during perinatal period have the potential to adversely affect a woman’s health and her developing infant. To date, little is known about perinatal SA and their risk factors. This study aimed to synthetize the evidence on risk factors of SA in pregnant and postpartum women.

Methods
We systematically reviewed studies retrieved from PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, following the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. A meta-analysis was conducted only for risk factors examined in at least three distinct samples.

Results
A total of ten studies were eligible for inclusion. All the studies found significant associations in regression models between perinatal SA and other variables (sociodemographic, clinical factors obstetric, neonatal, and psychosocial). The meta-analysis showed that unmarried women (pooled OR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.26–2.78), with no higher education (pooled OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.31–2.74) and affected by a mood disorder (pooled OR = 11.43, 95% CI = 1.56–83.87) have a higher risk of postpartum SA; women who smoke during pregnancy (pooled OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.35–11.11) have a higher risk of SA in pregnancy; and women with previous suicidal behavior(pooled OR = 38.04, 95% CI = 3.36–431.17) have a higher risk of perinatal SA, whether during pregnancy or in the postpartum period. The type of sample, whether community or clinical, is a relevant moderating factor.

Conclusion
Our study extends prior reviews about suicidal behaviors in women by studying perinatal suicide attempts independently, as well as it synthesized data on some sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric/neonatal risk factors. Further studies about specific risk factors for perinatal SA are needed in order to improve early detection and intervention of women at risk.
Global post‑marketing safety surveillance of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy in over 25,000 patients with CNS malignancies treated between 2011–2022
Authors: Mrugala Maciej M. , Shi Wenyin , Iwomoto Fabio , Lukas Rimas V. , Palmer Joshua D. , Suh John H. , Glas Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields that disrupt cancer cell processes. TTFields therapy is approved for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM), and newly-diagnosed (nd) GBM (with concomitant temozolomide for ndGBM; US), and for grade IV glioma (EU). We present an updated global, post-marketing surveillance safety analysis of patients with CNS malignancies treated with TTFields therapy.

Methods
Safety data were collected from routine post-marketing activities for patients in North America, Europe, Israel, and Japan (October 2011–October 2022). Adverse events (AEs) were stratified by age, sex, and diagnosis.

Results
Overall, 25,898 patients were included (diagnoses: ndGBM [68%], rGBM [26%], anaplastic astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma [4%], other CNS malignancies [2%]). Median (range) age was 59 (3–103) years; 66% patients were male. Most (69%) patients were 18–65 years; 0.4% were < 18 years; 30% were ﻿> 65 years. All-cause and TTFields-related AEs occurred in 18,798 (73%) and 14,599 (56%) patients, respectively. Most common treatment-related AEs were beneath-array skin reactions (43%), electric sensation (tingling; 14%), and heat sensation (warmth; 12%). Treatment-related skin reactions were comparable in pediatric (39%), adult (42%), and elderly (45%) groups, and in males (41%) and females (46%); and similar across diagnostic subgroups (ndGBM, 46%; rGBM, 34%; anaplastic astrocytoma/oligodendroglioma, 42%; other, 40%). No TTFields-related systemic AEs were reported.

Conclusions
This long-term, real-world analysis of > 25,000 patients demonstrated good tolerability of TTFields in patients with CNS malignancies. Most therapy-related AEs were manageable localized, non-serious skin events. The TTFields therapy safety profile remained consistent across subgroups (age, sex, and diagnosis), indicative of its broad applicability.
Design and Analytic Methods to Evaluate Multilevel Interventions to Reduce Health Disparities: Rigorous Methods Are Available
Authors: Murray David M. , Goodman Melody S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn June 2022, the NIH Office of Disease Prevention (ODP) issued a Call for Papers for a Supplemental Issue to Prevention Science on Design and Analytic Methods to Evaluate Multilevel Interventions to Reduce Health Disparities. ODP sought to bring together current thinking and new ideas about design and analytic methods for studies aimed at reducing health disparities, including strategies for balancing methodological rigor with design feasibility, acceptability, and ethical considerations. ODP was particularly interested in papers on design and analytic methods for parallel group- or cluster-randomized trials (GRTs), stepped-wedge GRTs, group-level regression discontinuity trials, and other methods appropriate for evaluating multilevel interventions. In this issue, we include 12 papers that report new methods, provide examples of strong applications of existing methods, or provide guidance on developing multilevel interventions to reduce health disparities. These papers provide examples showing that rigorous methods are available for the design and analysis of multilevel interventions to reduce health disparities.
Performance analysis of hospitals in Australia and its peers: a systematic and critical review
Authors: Wang Zhichao , Nguyen Bao Hoang , Zelenyuk Valentin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlong with the development of productivity and efficiency analysis techniques, extensive research on the performance of hospitals has been conducted in the last few decades. In this article, we conduct a systematic review supported by a series of bibliometric analyses to obtain a panoramic perspective of the research about the productivity and efficiency of hospitals—a cornerstone of the healthcare system—with a focus on Australia and its peers, i.e., the UK, Canada, New Zealand, and Hong Kong. We focus on the bibliometric data in Scopus from 1970 to 2023 and provide a qualitative and critical analysis of major methods and findings in selected published journal articles.
Inducing Effect of Corylus avellana on Cytotoxic Activity in Lung and Breast Cancer Cells via Apoptosis
Authors: Çebi Ayşegül , Tepe Yalçın , Alioglu İmren , Ari Ferda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTurkish hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cv Tombul) is a widely used nut in the chocolate industry and is also rich in polyphenol content, which promises anticancer effects. The anti-cancer and apoptotic effects of hazelnut leaves extracts examined on lung and breast cancer cells. Sulforhodamine B (SRB) and Adenosine 5’- triphosphate (ATP) assays were carried out for cell viability measurement. The mode of cell death was shown morphologically by the double fluorescence staining. Apoptosis was determined by performing caspase-mediated cytokeratin 18 (M30 ELISA) and western blot analysis. PARP, caspase 3, caspase 8, DR4, and GAPHD (Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase) protein bands were visualized as markers of apoptosis. A wound healing test was employed to measure cell migration. Methanol extract of hazelnut leaf exhibited inhibition of cell growth activities in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values were determined as 32.17 µg/ml in MCF-7, 32.16 µg/ml in MDA-MB-231, 20.40 µg/ml in A549 and 12.04 µg/ml in H1299 cells for ethanol extract while it was determined as 21.08 µg/ml in MCF-7, 40.16 µg/ml in MDA-MB-231, 22.04 µg/ml in A549 and 5.91 µg/ml in H1299 cells in methanol extract. In comparison, methanol leaf extracts were more effective in H1299 cells (IC50 value was 5.91 µg/ml).In comparison, ethanol leaf extracts were more effective in H1299 cells (IC50 value was 9.722 µg/ml). Western blot analysis demonstrated that hazelnut leaf extract treatment of cancer cells led to cell death via apoptosis and inhibited cell migration in lung and breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic effects of hazelnut extract on breast and lung cancer cells might be valuable and promising in elucidating cell death mechanisms for the development of new methods in cancer treatment.
Are generics quantificational?
Authors: Kirkpatrick James Ravi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe standard view about generic generalizations is that they have a tripartite quantificational logical form involving a phonologically null quantificational expression called ‘Gen’. However, proponents of the cognitive defaults theory of generics have forcefully rejected this view, instead arguing that generics express the default generalizations of our cognitive system, and, as such, they are different in kind from quantificational generalizations. While extant criticism of the cognitive defaults theory has focused on the extent to which it is supported by the empirical evidence, there has been little discussion of a neglected, albeit essential, theoretical argument in its defence, namely, that generics cannot be quantificational because they lack a central logical property of quantifiers: isomorphism invariance. This paper addresses this lacuna by considering and rejecting this argument. Consequently, an essential argument in favour of the cognitive default theory is found wanting.
Age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity in younger and older adults
Authors: Murphy Dillon H. , Rhodes Matthew G. , Castel Alan D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhen we monitor our learning, often measured via judgments of learning (JOLs), this metacognitive process can change what is remembered. For example, prior work has demonstrated that making JOLs enhances memory for related, but not unrelated, word pairs in younger adults. In the current study, we examined potential age-related differences in metacognitive reactivity. Younger and older adults studied lists of related and unrelated word pairs to remember for a later cued recall test where they would be presented with one of the words from the pair and be asked to recall its associate. Additionally, participants either made a JOL for each pair or had an inter-stimulus interval of equal duration as the JOL period. Results revealed that while making metacognitive judgments did not significantly affect memory in younger adults (i.e., no reactivity), this procedure impaired memory in older adults (i.e., negative reactivity), particularly for unrelated word pairs. Specifically, older adults demonstrated better cued recall when each word was followed by an inter-stimulus interval than when asked to predict the likelihood of remembering each word during the study phase. This may be a consequence of JOLs increasing task demands/cognitive load, which could reduce the elaborative encoding of associations between word pairs in older adults, but older adults’ preserved or even enhanced semantic memory may mask negative reactivity for related word pairs. Future work is needed to better understand the mechanisms contributing to the reactivity effects in younger and older adults for different types of to-be-remembered information.
Amorfrutin B Compromises Hypoxia/Ischemia-induced Activation of Human Microglia in a PPARγ-dependent Manner: Effects on Inflammation, Proliferation Potential, and Mitochondrial Status
Authors: Przepiórska-Drońska Karolina , Wnuk Agnieszka , Pietrzak-Wawrzyńska Bernadeta Angelika , Łach Andrzej , Biernat Weronika , Wójtowicz Anna Katarzyna , Kajta Małgorzata 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Amorfrutin B is a selective PPARγ modulator that we demonstrated to be a promising neuroprotective compound in cellular models of stroke and perinatal asphyxia. Although neuronal mechanisms of amorfrutin B-evoked neuroprotection have been identified, none of them reflects the actions of the compound on microglia, which play a pivotal role in brain response to hypoxia/ischemia. Here, we provide evidence for amorfrutin B-induced effects on human microglia subjected to hypoxia/ischemia; the compound counteracts inflammation, and influences mitochondrial status and proliferation potential in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Post-treatment with amorfrutin B decreased the IBA1 fluorescence intensity, reduced caspase-1 activity, and downregulated IL1B/IL-1β and TNFA but not IL10/IL-10 expression, which was upregulated. Amorfrutin B also stimulated PPARγ signaling, as evidenced by increased mRNA and/or protein levels of PPARγ and PGC1α. In addition, amorfrutin B reversed the hypoxia/ischemia-evoked effects on mitochondria-related parameters, such as mitochondrial membrane potential, BCL2/BCL2 expression and metabolic activity, which were correlated with diminished proliferation potential of microglia. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect of amorfrutin B on the proliferation potential and mitochondrial function of microglia is opposite to the stimulatory effect of amorfrutin B on mouse neuronal survival, as evidenced by increased neuronal viability and reduced neurodegeneration. In summary, this study showed for the first time that amorfrutin B compromises hypoxia/ischemia-induced activation of human microglia in a PPARγ-dependent manner, which involves inhibiting inflammation, normalizing mitochondrial status, and controlling proliferation potential. These data extend the protective potential of amorfrutin B in the pharmacotherapy of hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, targeting not only neurons but also activated microglia.

Graphical Abstract
Are minimum variance portfolios in multi-factor models long in low-beta assets?
Authors: Steland Ansgar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWithin the one-factor capital asset pricing model (CAPM), the minimum-variance portfolio (MVP) is known to have long positions in those assets of the underlying investment universe whose betas are less than a well-defined long-short threshold beta. We study the structure of MVPs in more general multi-factor asset pricing models and clarify the low-beta puzzle for multi-factor models: For multi-factor models we derive a similar criterion in terms of the betas with explicit closed-form formulas. But the structural relationship is now more involved and the long-short threshold turns out to be asset-specific. The results rely on recursive inverse-free formulas for the precision matrix, which hold for multi-factor models and allow quick computation of that inverse matrix without the need to invert matrices going beyond diagonal ones. We illustrate our findings by analyzing S &P 500 asset returns. Our empirical results of the S &P 500 constituents between 2019 and 2022 confirm the theoretical findings and shows that the minimum variance portfolio is long in low-beta assets when applying estimates of the established asset-specific thresholds.
How Does Eurosceptic Party Consolidation Transform Party Competition Over European Issues?
Authors: Braun Daniela , Carteny Giuseppe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe European Union (EU)—the world’s most advanced and exemplary case of regional integration—is adapting to an era when internal criticisms are becoming more influential than ever before in the history of European integration. An entirely new party family of Eurosceptic parties has emerged and consolidated over the last decade. Given that one of their main aims is to challenge and critique the EU, Eurosceptic parties have a particular interest in European issues—the European polity as well as major European policies. Against this backdrop, the paper investigates whether and how the rise and consolidation of Eurosceptic parties of the left and right has affected party competition over European polity and policy issues. Empirically, we use information from the Euromanifesto data set covering the past 40 years (1979–2019) relating to elections to the European Parliament. Our paper’s findings suggest that the upsurge and consolidation of Eurosceptic parties of the left and right has an important effect on party competition over European issues: Eurosceptic party success affects mainstream leftist parties’ issue salience and position when it comes to the EU polity. Moreover, higher levels of support for far-right Eurosceptic parties have an impact on the position of rightist mainstream parties on EU cultural policy issues, whereas leftist mainstream parties appear mostly unresponsive to the Eurosceptic parties’ success when it comes to EU economic policy issues. These findings give us a clearer insight on how exactly Eurosceptic parties are transforming mainstream party competition.
A new interactive design method for carbon fibres laminate component
Authors: Landi Daniele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon fibre is the most common reinforcing phase in composite materials. However, it is difficult to determine the performance parameters of a monofilament. This paper provides an efficient method for performing the global layup optimization of composite laminates, considering the relationship between material characteristics and process parameters. In particular, a new method is proposed that, by integrating commercial tools, can support designers in the design and construction of carbon fibre components. The approach involves four functional groups that interact with each other: requirements and specifications, material definition, process implementation, and design and simulation. The idea is to create a continuous process to realize continuous product optimization. The approach was applied to the optimization of the front wing of a Formula 4 vehicle. After the validation method phase, through a comparison between real data and numerical simulations, product optimization was conducted. Different optimized solutions were obtained, and the solution minimizing the mass but ‘allowing the vehicle to bear stress and strain values within the required limits was chosen. This methodology can be applied to support the designer during both the early design phase and the optimization phase of laminated products.
Early Intravenous Beta-Blockade with Esmolol in Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Phase 2a Intervention Design Study
Authors: Thomas Matt , Hayes Kati , White Paul , Baumer Thomas , Beattie Clodagh , Ramesh Aravind , Culliford Lucy , Ackland Gareth L. , Pickering Anthony E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Targeted beta-blockade after severe traumatic brain injury may reduce secondary brain injury by attenuating the sympathoadrenal response. The potential role and optimal dosage for esmolol, a selective, short-acting, titratable beta-1 beta-blocker, as a safe, putative early therapy after major traumatic brain injury has not been assessed.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, open-label dose-finding study using an adaptive model-based design. Adults (18 years or older) with severe traumatic brain injury and intracranial pressure monitoring received esmolol within 24 h of injury to reduce their heart rate by 15% from baseline of the preceding 4 h while ensuring cerebral perfusion pressure was maintained above 60 mm Hg. In cohorts of three, the starting dosage and dosage increments were escalated according to a prespecified plan in the absence of dose-limiting toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicity was defined as failure to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure, triggering cessation of esmolol infusion. The primary outcome was the maximum tolerated dosage schedule of esmolol, defined as that associated with less than 10% probability of dose-limiting toxicity. Secondary outcomes include 6-month mortality and 6-month extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score.

Results
Sixteen patients (6 [37.5%] female patients; mean age 36 years [standard deviation 13 years]) with a median Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6.5 (interquartile range 5–7) received esmolol. The optimal starting dosage of esmolol was 10 μg/kg/min, with increments every 30 min of 5 μg/kg/min, as it was the highest dosage with less than 10% estimated probability of dose-limiting toxicity (7%). All-cause mortality was 12.5% at 6 months (corresponding to a standardized mortality ratio of 0.63). One dose-limiting toxicity event and no serious adverse hemodynamic effects were seen.

Conclusions
Esmolol administration, titrated to a heart rate reduction of 15%, is feasible within 24 h of severe traumatic brain injury. The probability of dose-limiting toxicity requiring withdrawal of esmolol when using the optimized schedule is low.
Trial registrationI SRCTN, ISRCTN11038397, registered retrospectively January 7, 2021 (https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN11038397).
Evolving pathways towards water security in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta: An adaptive management perspective
Authors: Tran Thong Anh , Tran Dung Duc , Van Vo Oc , Pham Van Huynh Thanh , Van Tran Hieu , Yong Ming Li , Le Phu Viet , Dang Phu Thanh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The interplay of climate change, upstream hydropower development, and local water engineering interventions for agricultural production contributes substantially to the transformation of waterscapes and water scarcity in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. This paper aims to examine how these dynamics are linked to the paradigm shift in water management in An Giang and Ben Tre, the two ecologically distinct provinces that face serious water scarcity in the delta. We used the adaptive management concept to examine how state-led policy directions from food security towards water security enable change in water management that gives priority to water retention. While policy learning is evident, questions remain about how this ad-hoc solution could help address the presently acute water scarcity and water security over the long term. The paper advocates achieving water security should focus not only on diplomatic interventions into upstream climate-development complexities but also local water-livelihood politics.