bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Do Pregnancy and Birth Experiences Influence Planned Place of Birth in Future Pregnancies? Findings from a Longitudinal, Narrative Study
Authors: Coxon Kirstie , Sandall Jane , Fulop Naomi J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundA perception that first birth is more risky than subsequent births has led to women planning births in obstetric units (OU) and to care providers supporting these choices. This study explored the influence of pregnancy and birth experiences on women's intended place of birth in current and future pregnancies.MethodsProspective, longitudinal narrative interviews (n = 122) were conducted with 41 women in three English National Health Service sites. During postnatal interviews, women reflected on their recent births and discussed where they might plan to give birth in a future pregnancy. Longitudinal narrative analysis methods were used to explore these data.ResultsWomen's experience of care in their eventual place of birth had more influence on decisions about the (hypothetical) next pregnancy than planned place of birth during pregnancy did. Women with complex pregnancies usually planned hospital (OU) births, but healthy women with straightforward pregnancies also chose an OU and would often plan the same for the future, particularly if they experienced giving birth in an OU setting during recent births.DiscussionThe experience of giving birth in a hospital OU reinforced women's perceptions that birth is risky and uncertain, and that hospital OUs are best equipped to keep women and babies safe. The assumption that women will opt for lower acuity settings for second or subsequent births was not supported by these data, which may mean that multiparous women who best fit criteria for non‐OU births are reluctant to plan births in these settings. This highlights the importance of providing balanced information about risks and benefits of different birth settings to all women during pregnancy.
Patients with medical risk factors for chronic kidney disease are at increased risk of renal impairment despite the use of nephron‐sparing surgery
Authors: Satasivam Prassannah , Reeves Fairleigh , Rao Kenny , Ivey Zacchary , Basto Marnique , Yip Marcus , Roth Hedley , Grummet Jeremy , Goad Jeremy , Moon Daniel , Murphy Declan , Appu Sree , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Bolton Damien , Kearsley Jamie , Costello Anthony , Frydenberg Mark 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether patients with normal preoperative renal function, but who possess medical risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), experience poorer renal function after partial nephrectomy (PN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with those without risk factors.Patients and MethodsThe effects of age, hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were investigated in 488 consecutive operations for RCC performed during 2005–2012 at six Australian tertiary referral centres; 156 patients underwent PN and 332 patients underwent radical nephrectomy (RN). We used chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression to analyse new‐onset CKD, and multiple linear regression to investigate determinants of postoperative eGFR.ResultsThe development of new‐onset eGFR of <60 mL/min was related to undergoing RN rather than PN (risk ratio [RR] 2.7, P < 0.001), older age (RR 1.6, P < 0.001) and the presence of HTN (RR 1.6, P = 0.001) and DM (RR 1.5, P = 0.003). Patients undergoing PN were still at risk of new‐onset CKD if medical risk factors were present. Whereas 7% of patients undergoing PN without CKD risk factors developed new‐onset eGFR <60 mL/min, this figure increased to 24%, 30% and 42% for older age, HTN and DM, respectively. Patients with eGFR of 45–59 mL/min were more likely to progress to more severe forms of CKD and end‐stage renal failure than those with eGFR of ≥60 mL/min. On multivariate analysis, RN, rather than PN, age and the presence of DM (but not HTN), predicted both the development of new‐onset eGFR of <60 mL/min (R2 = 0.37) and new‐onset eGFR <45 mL/min (R2 = 0.42).ConclusionPatients with medical risk factors for CKD are at increased risk of progressive renal impairment despite the use of PN. Where feasible, nephron‐sparing surgery should be considered for these patients.
Evidence for Partial Migration in the Southern Monarch Butterfly,Danaus erippus,in Bolivia and Argentina
Authors: Slager Benjamin H. , Malcolm Stephen B. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMigration is a common life‐history strategy that includes traits such as directed flight, increased wing size, seasonal lipid deposition and reproductive arrest. The degree of investment in these traits ultimately determines the life‐history strategy of individuals. Partial migration is a common mixed life‐history strategy where species or populations consist of both migrant and resident individuals. While this phenomenon is widespread across taxa, the ecological factors that select for and maintain partial migration are poorly understood, especially among insects. Here, we investigate regional life‐history traits associated with migration in the southern monarch,Danaus erippus, and describe a mixed life‐history strategy in this butterfly. Individuals from the Bolivian lowlands were observed throughout the year exhibiting mate‐ and milkweed‐directed behaviors. These butterflies had smaller wings, lower wing loads and maintained constant lipid and egg loads across summer and autumn months.Danaus erippusin the highlands of the Bolivian Andes were observed only in the summer and autumn months, during which they also showed mate‐ and milkweed‐directed behaviors. These individuals possessed similar‐sized wings and maintained similar lipid and egg loads as the lowland butterflies. In contrast, individuals from northwest Argentina showed persistent, directed, southwesterly flight during the autumn (March–May), larger wing size, higher wing loads, and increased autumn lipid deposition along with decreased egg production. These data indicate thatD. erippusutilizes a mixed life‐history strategy with a combination of residents and migrants in the Bolivian lowlands, elevational migrants in the Bolivian Andes, and latitudinal migrants in northwestern Argentina.
Discrimination‐Related Stress Effects on the Development of Internalizing Symptoms Among Latino Adolescents
Authors: Sirin Selcuk R. , Rogers‐Sirin Lauren , Cressen Jessica , Gupta Taveeshi , Ahmed Sammy F. , Novoa Alfredo D. 
Published: February 2015

This three‐wave longitudinal study of 173 Latino adolescents (M = 16.16 years, SD = 0.65) is designed to understand the role of discrimination‐related stress in mental health trajectories during middle to late adolescence with attention to differences due to immigration status. The results of the growth curve analysis showed that anxious‐depressed, withdrawn‐depressed, and somatic complaints significantly decreased over time. Furthermore, although discrimination‐related stress was found to be significantly related to the trajectories of three types of mental health symptoms, the results revealed that immigration status moderated these relations such that discrimination‐related stress was significantly related to these outcomes for Latino youth whose parents were born in the United States, while this relation was not significant for Latino children of immigrants.
The complex pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anaemia
Authors: Zeng Y , Katsanis E 
Published: February 2015

Summary
Immune-mediated destruction of haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anaemia (aAA). Dysregulated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD4+ T cells including T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, regulatory T cells and Th17 cells, natural killer (NK) cells and NK T cells, along with the abnormal production of cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, induce apoptosis of HSPCs, constituting a consistent and defining feature of severe aAA. Alterations in the polymorphisms of TGF-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α genes, as well as certain human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, may account for the propensity to immune-mediated killing of HSPCs and/or ineffective haematopoiesis. Although the inciting autoantigens remain elusive, autoantibodies are often detected in the serum. In addition, recent studies provide genetic and molecular evidence that intrinsic and/or secondary deficits in HSPCs and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may underlie the development of bone marrow failure.
Diagnosing phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma in a patient presenting with critical illness: biochemistry versus imaging
Authors: Amar Laurence , Eisenhofer Graeme 
Published: February 2015

SummaryPhaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are revealed by acute cardiovascular complications involving end‐organ damage in up to 20% of cases, a presentation associated with particularly high risk for mortality. Among such cases, PPGLs should be considered in patients with unexplained left ventricular failure, multi‐organ failure, hypertensive crises or shock. The diagnosis of PPGL commonly relies on measurements of metanephrines in plasma or urine. However, acute critical illness is usually associated with sympathoadrenal activation. Thus, levels of metanephrines in patients in an acute emergency or intensive care setting, whether treated or not with vasoactive drugs, usually cannot be used to reliably diagnose PPGL. Delays in provision of diagnostic test results, particularly when these require 24‐h urine collections, may also be incompatible for any need for rapid decisions on patient management or therapeutic interventions. The acute emergency situation therefore represents one exception to the rule where imaging studies to search for a PPGL may be undertaken without biochemical evidence of a catecholamine‐producing tumour.
Nitric oxide and oxidative stress is associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy and retinal structural alterations
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Saxena Sandeep , Srivastav Khushboo , Shukla Rajendra K , Mishra Nibha , Meyer Carsten H , Kruzliak Peter , Khanna Vinay K 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to determine plasma nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) levels in diabetic retinopathy and its association with severity of disease.DesignProspective observational study.ParticipantsA total of 60 consecutive cases and 20 healthy controls were included.MethodsSeverity of retinopathy was graded according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) classification. Photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid band (ISel) disruption and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) alteration were graded using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Data were statistically analyzed.Main Outcome MeasuresPlasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, NO assay and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured using standard protocol.ResultsIncreased severity of diabetic retinopathy was significantly associated with increase in plasma levels of LPO (P < 0.05), NO (P < 0.001) and decrease in plasma levels of GSH (P < 0.0001), ISel disruption (P < 0.001) and RPE topographic alteration (P < 0.01).ConclusionIncreased plasma NO levels are associated with increased severity of diabetic retinopathy. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that increased plasma LPO, NO and decreased GSH levels are associated with in vivo structural changes in inner segment ellipsoid and RPE.
Alumina reinforced zirconia implants: 1‐year results from a prospective cohort investigation
Authors: Spies Benedikt Christopher , Sperlich Markus , Fleiner Jonathan , Stampf Susanne , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this investigation was to determine the clinical and radiographic outcome of a one‐piece alumina‐toughened zirconia (ATZ) oral implant for single tooth replacement after 1 year.Materials and MethodsA total of 27 patients received one ATZ implant each in a one‐stage implant surgery with immediate temporization. Standardized radiographs were taken at implant insertion and after 1 year to monitor peri‐implant bone loss. Several soft tissue parameters were evaluated at prosthesis insertion and at the 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsThree patients did not receive a prosthetic reconstruction due to implant loss during the healing period. As a result, 24 patients were seen at the 1‐year follow‐up, giving a cumulative survival rate of 88.9%. The average marginal bone loss after 1 year was 0.77 mm. Only two implants (8.3%) lost at least 2 mm bone, whereas none of the implants lost more than 3 mm. Probing depth and clinical attachment level increased over 1 year at the implant sites, whereas gingival recession remained stable. Mombelli's bleeding and plaque indices showed no statistically significant change within the first year.ConclusionOwing to a total of 27 inserted implants, three failures within the first 4 months after implant placement carry weight. Therefore, the cumulative survival rate of the presented ceramic implant was slightly below reported survival rates of titanium implants when immediately restored. The recorded radiographic bone loss and peri‐implant soft tissue parameters showed promising short‐term results. The presented ATZ implant seems to be a candidate for clinical usage.
Effects of strength training, detraining and retraining in muscle strength, hypertrophy and functional tasks in older female adults
Authors: Correa Cleiton S. , Cunha Giovani , Marques Nise , Oliveira‐Reischak Ãlvaro , Pinto Ronei 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIntroductionPrevious studies presented different results regarding the maintenance time of muscular adaptations after strength training and the ability to resume the gains on muscular performance after resumption of the training programme.ObjectiveThis study aimed to verify the effect of strength training on knee extensors and elbow flexor muscle strength, rectus femoris muscle volume and functional performance in older female adults after 12 weeks of strength training, 1 year of detraining and followed by 12 weeks of retraining.MethodsTwelve sedentary older women performed 12 weeks of strength training, 1 year of detraining and 12 weeks of retraining. The strength training was performed twice a week, and the assessment was made four times: at the baseline, after the strength training, after the detraining and after the retraining. The knee extensor and elbow flexor strength, rectus femoris muscle volume and functional task were assessed.ResultsStrength of knee extensor and elbow flexor muscles, rectus femoris muscle volume and 30‐s sit‐to‐stand increased from baseline to post‐training (respectively, 40%, 70%, 38% and 46%), decreased after detraining (respectively, −36%, −64%, −35% and −43%) and increased again these parameters after retraining (35%, 68%, 36% and 42%).ConclusionStrength training induces gains on strength and hypertrophy, also increased the performance on functional tasks after the strength training. The stoppage of the strength caused strength loss and reduction of functional performance. The resumption of the strength training promoted the same gains of muscular performance in older female adults.
Clinical impact of preformed donor‐specific denatured class I HLA antibodies after kidney transplantation
Authors: Visentin Jonathan , Marroc Mélanie , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Bachelet Thomas , Nong Thoa , Moreau Jean‐François , Lee Jar‐How , Merville Pierre , Couzi Lionel , Taupin Jean‐Luc 
Published: February 2015

AbstractClass I single‐antigen flow beads (SAFB) carry native and denatured human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Using a cohort of 179 class I HLA‐sensitized kidney recipients, we described incidence and clinical relevance of preformed denatured HLA donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) using two different assays: an acid‐treated SAFB assay (anti‐dHLA DSA) and the iBeads assays (SAFB+/iBeads‐ DSA). Eighty‐five class I DSA were found in 67 patients (median mean fluorescence intensity [MFI] of 1729 [range 520–13 882]). Anti‐dHLA and SAFB+/iBeads‐ DSA represented 11% and 18% of class I DSA and were mainly low MFI DSA (500–1000 MFI). Concordance between these two assays was good (90%). None of the patients with only class I anti‐dHLA DSA or only SAFB+/iBeads‐ DSA developed acute clinical antibody‐mediated rejection in the first‐year post‐transplantation, and their five‐yr death‐censored graft survival was similar to that of patients without DSA. Moreover, all these patients displayed a negative current T‐cell flow cytometry cross‐match. Therefore, both anti‐dHLA DSA and SAFB+/iBeads‐ DSA appear irrelevant, which could explain the good outcome observed in some patients with preformed class I DSA.
Independent risk factors for early urologic complications after kidney transplantation
Authors: Rahnemai‐Azar Amir A. , Gilchrist Brian F. , Kayler Liise K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUrologic complications are the most frequent technical adverse events following kidney transplantation (KTX). We evaluated traditional and novel potential risk factors for urologic complications following KTX. Consecutive KTX recipients between December 1, 2006 and December 31, 2010 with at least six‐month follow‐up (n = 635) were evaluated for overall urologic complications accounting for donor, recipient, and transplant characteristics using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Urologic complications occurred in 29 cases (4.6%) at a median of 40 d (range 1–999) post‐transplantation and included 17 ureteral strictures (2.6%), five (0.8%) ureteral obstructions due to donor‐derived stones or intraluminal thrombus, and seven urine leaks (1.1%). All except two complications occurred within the first year of transplantation. Risk factors for urologic complications on univariate analysis were dual KTX (p = 0.04) and renal artery multiplicity (p = 0.02). On multivariate analysis, only renal artery multiplicity remained significant (aHR 2.4, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 5.1, p = 0.02). Donation after cardiac death, non‐mandatory national share kidneys, donor peak serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL or creatinine phosphokinase > 1000 IU/L, and donor down time were not associated with urologic complications. Our data suggest that donor artery multiplicity is an independent risk factor for urologic complications following KTX.
Migratory corridors and foraging hotspots: critical habitats identified for Mediterranean green turtles
Authors: Stokes K. L. , Broderick A. C. , Canbolat A. F. , Candan O. , Fuller W. J. , Glen F. , Levy Y. , Rees A. F. , Rilov G. , Snape R. T. , Stott I. , Tchernov D. , Godley B. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimLevels of sea turtle bycatch in the Mediterranean are thought to be unsustainable. We provide a comprehensive overview of adult green turtle (Chelonia mydas) distribution during nesting, migration and foraging phases, highlighting transitory as well as residential areas of high use to facilitate adequate protection for this long‐lived, migratory species.LocationMediterranean Sea.MethodsThirty‐four females were satellite tracked from breeding grounds in the four countries with major nesting (Cyprus, Turkey, Israel and Syria) for a total of 8521 (mean: 251) tracking days in a collaborative effort to summarize the most comprehensive set of distribution data thus far assembled for this species in the Mediterranean.ResultsTen foraging grounds are identified, with two major hotspots in Libya accounting for >50% of turtles tracked to conclusive endpoints. The coastlines of Egypt and Libya contain high densities of migrating turtles following the nesting season, particularly July–September, and likely also pre‐nesting (April–June). A high‐use seasonal pelagic corridor running south‐west from Turkey and Cyprus to Egypt is also evident, used by >50% of all tracked turtles.Main conclusionsBycatch levels and mortality rates for the key foraging areas and high‐density seasonal pathways identified here are largely unknown and should be investigated as a priority. We recommend that the Gulf of Sirte in Libya be explored as a potential biodiversity hotspot and considered for proposal as a marine protected area (MPA). Green turtle fidelity to nesting beaches, foraging areas and migratory pathways renders them vulnerable to localized threats but enables targeted mitigation measures and protection.
Gestational diabetes: a red flag for future Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy? A retrospective analysis
Authors: Cheung N. W. , Lih A. , Lau S. M. , Park K. , Padmanabhan S. , McElduff A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsThis study sought to understand the relationship between Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy and previous gestational diabetes (GDM), and determine whether a previous pregnancy with GDM was associated with subsequent better pregnancy planning.MethodsA retrospective review of medical records of women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy was conducted at three teaching hospitals to ascertain whether they had earlier GDM, and to determine whether this is associated with differences in measures of pregnancy planning and diabetes management.ResultsOf 172 index pregnancies affected by Type 2 diabetes, in 76 (44%) cases, the mother had a previous history of GDM. Within this cohort, a diagnosis of ‘overt diabetes in pregnancy’, made on the basis of a GTT result during pregnancy in the WHO diabetic range with persistent diabetes post partum, was more common among women who had previous GDM than women who had not had GDM (20% vs 7%, P = 0.02). Women who previously had GDM did not exhibit a higher incidence of preconception planning or folate supplementation.ConclusionsIt is common for women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy to have had GDM previously. The diagnosis of GDM is an opportunity to improve future pregnancy planning and outcomes for women with Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy. This goal is yet to be realized.
Subclinical hypothyroidism and the associations with macrovascular complications and chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Jia F. , Tian J. , Deng F. , Yang G. , Long M. , Cheng W. , Wang B. , Wu J. , Liu D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is high among patients with diabetes, although the relationship between SCH and diabetic vascular complications is unknown. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SCH and vascular complications in patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn this cross sectional study, 991 patients with Type 2 diabetes were screened for thyroid function at their admission to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. We compared the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischaemic stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the prevalence of euthyroidism and SCH.ResultsAmong the 991 patients, 126 (12.7%) patients had SCH. The prevalence of CHD was significantly higher in the SCH group than in the euthyroid group (22.2% and 15.0%, respectively; P = 0.039). In the logistic regression analyses, SCH was associated with CHD [odds ratio (OR): 1.993; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.135–3.497; P = 0.016]. This association was stronger in patients aged ≥ 65 years than in younger patients [2.474 (1.173–5.220); P = 0.017]. No significant association was found between SCH and ischaemic stroke. Patients with severe SCH had a high risk of CKD [1.842 (1.120–3.029); P = 0.016].ConclusionsThis study provides evidence that SCH in patients with Type 2 diabetes is associated with a high prevalence of CHD (and CKD in severe SCH), although not with ischaemic stroke.