bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking coastal aquaculture of meagre Argyrosomus regius and Western Mediterranean coastal fisheries through escapes incidents
Authors: Arechavala‐Lopez P. , Valero‐Rodriguez J. M. , Peñalver‐García J. , Izquierdo‐Gomez D. , Sanchez‐Jerez P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEscape incidents in coastal aquaculture lead to economic losses for farmers and may have indirect socio‐economic effects on local fisheries. In this study, the relationship of meagre, Argyrosomus regius (Asso), production in open‐sea cages and coastal small‐scale fisheries was analysed through captures of escapes, which are easily detected because this species is considered locally absent in native communities in Western Mediterranean regions. Scale reading showed that 100% of captured meagre were escapees. The existence of a direct relationship, in terms of biomass, between the development of meagre coastal aquaculture and the increase of captures of this species by local fisheries was demonstrated. The spatial distribution of meagre captures suggested that there is a local environmental and economic interaction between meagre aquaculture and fisheries through escapees. Monitoring the presence of locally absent species such as meagre within landings might help to assess the magnitude of escapes, the potential economic effects on local aquaculture and fishery industries, and the potential adverse ecological impacts on local ecosystems.
Head morphology and piscivory of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, predict their probability of infection by the invasive parasitic nematode Anguillicoloides crassus
Authors: Pegg Josephine , Andreou Demetra , Williams Chris F. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: June 2015

Summary

The morphology of animal body structures influences their function; intrapopulation plasticity in diet composition can occur where head morphology limits gape size. The European eel, Anguilla anguilla, a critically endangered catadromous fish, shows significant intrapopulation variations in head width, with broader headed individuals being more piscivorous.

Infection of eels during their freshwater phase by Anguillicoloides crassus, an invasive nematode parasite, involves paratenic fish hosts. We tested the relationships between their infection status, head functional morphology (as head width/total length ratio; HW:TL) and the proportion of fish in diet (estimated by stable isotope mixing models) across three populations.

The extent of piscivory in the diets of individual eels increased significantly as their HW:TL ratios increased. There were no significant differences between infected and uninfected eels in their total lengths and hepatic–somatic indices. However, the HW:TL ratios of infected eels were significantly higher than those of uninfected eels and, correspondingly, their diet comprised a higher proportion of fish.

Logistic regression revealed that head morphology and diet were significant predictors of infection status, with models correctly assigning up to 78% of eels to their infection status. Thus, eel head functional morphology significantly influenced their probability of being infected by invasive A. crassus, most likely through increased exposure to fish paratenic hosts. Accordingly, the detrimental consequences of infections are likely to be focussed on those individuals in freshwater populations whose functional morphology enables greater specialisation in piscivory.
Supporting quality public and patient engagement in health system organizations: development and usability testing of the Public and Patient Engagement Evaluation Tool
Authors: Abelson Julia , Li Kathy , Wilson Geoff , Shields Kristin , Schneider Colleen , Boesveld Sarah 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesOnly rudimentary tools exist to support health system organizations to evaluate their public and patient engagement (PPE) activities. This study responds to this gap by developing a generic evaluation tool for use in a wide range of organizations.MethodsThe evaluation tool was developed through an iterative, collaborative process informed by a review of published and grey literature and with the input of Canadian PPE researchers and practitioners. Over a 3‐year period, structured e‐mail, telephone and face‐to‐face exchanges, including a modified Delphi process, were used to produce an evaluation tool that includes core principles of high‐quality engagement, expected outcomes for each principle and three unique evaluation questionnaires that were tested and revised with input from 65 end users.ResultsThe tool is structured around four core principles of ‘quality engagement’: (i) integrity of design and process; (ii) influence and impact; (iii) participatory culture; and (iv) collaboration and common purpose. Three unique questionnaires were developed to assess each of these four evaluation domains from the following perspectives: (i) those who participate in PPE activities; (ii) those who plan, execute or sponsor PPE activities within organizations; and (iii) those who provide the leadership and capacity for PPE within their organizations.ConclusionsThis is the first known collaboration of researchers and practitioners in the co‐design of a comprehensive PPE evaluation tool aimed at three distinct respondent groups and for use in a wide range of health system organization settings.
In vitro and in vivo dermal absorption assessment of acetyl aspartic acid: a compartmental study
Authors: Duracher L. , Visdal‐Johnsen L. , Mavon A. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the dermal absorption of acetyl aspartic acid (A‐A‐A) through an in vitro and in vivo evaluation with human skin after 6 and 24 h of topical application of a cosmetic formulation containing A‐A‐A at 1%.MethodsThe in vitro experiment was carried out using the Franz diffusion cells system with ex vivo human skin samples. The profile of diffusion of A‐A‐A was evaluated after 6 and 24 h. The in vivo experiment was performed on human volunteers following a tape‐stripping protocol after 6 h of topical application. A‐A‐A was quantified in the main skin compartments, that is the skin surface, the stratum corneum, the skin and the receptor fluid using LC‐MS analysis.ResultsThe 24‐h in vitro experiment confirmed the great penetration potential of A‐A‐A in all skin compartments. After 6 h of topical application, the removed tape strips from both in vitro and in vivo experiments were analysed and the profile of diffusion of A‐A‐A was determined, allowing also an in vitro/in vivo comparison. The diffusion profile observed on the in vitro skin penetration test is highly representative of the in vivo situation evaluated on volunteers.ConclusionThe combination of in vitro with in vivo data confirmed that A‐A‐A has the capacity to diffuse through the skin after topical application and reach the dermis as the targeted skin layer for potential anti‐ageing benefits.
Pre‐clinical formulation screening, development and stability of acetyl aspartic acid for cosmetic application
Authors: Cattley K. , Duracher L. , Camattari P. , Mavon A. , Grooby S. 
Published: June 2015

SynopsisBackgroundAcetyl aspartic acid (A‐A‐A) was discovered through gene array analysis with corresponding connectivity mapping (Cmap). Using an in silico and in vitro approach, A‐A‐A was found increased keratinocyte regeneration, inhibited dermal expression of MMP making this compound a potential active ingredient for cosmetic application.ObjectivesTo determine the conditions to successfully formulate A‐A‐A for skin delivery investigation and in vivo clinical assessment by the systematic approach of pre‐formulation testing of the active, screening of formulation type on active delivery and stability evaluations.MethodsAnalytical evaluation of A‐A‐A was undertaken using LC‐MS ESI method. Formulation stability was evaluated using Brookfield viscometer, pH analysis, optical microscopy and organoleptic evaluations.ResultsAnalytical evaluation of A‐A‐A shows that pH significantly impacts chemical stability of the molecule. A‐A‐A containing formulae show minimal differences to vehicle product throughout the testing.ConclusionA‐A‐A is an active that can be successfully formulated in a cosmetic o/w emulsion within defined pH considerations.
Expression and significance of cortactin and HDAC6 in human prostatic foamy gland carcinoma
Authors: Hou Huilian , Zhao Le , Chen Wei , Li Jing , Zuo Qinqin , Zhang Guanjun , Zhang Xuebin , Li Xu 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCortactin, the cytoplasmic substrate of HDAC6, is known to play an actin cytoskeletal regulatory role which is implicated in the motility of cancer cells, and thus in cancer progression. Its activity is found to be regulated by HDAC6. However, the significance of cortactin and HDAC6 remains unclear in uncommon histologic variant human prostatic foamy gland carcinoma (PfCa). In this study, we aimed to identify the expression and potential role of cortactin and HDAC6 in PfCa. Therefore, 16 PfCa specimens containing 48 foci with distinctive lesions were collected to identify the status of cortactin and HDAC6 by immunohistochemistry. Their correlation between clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic values were further analysed. The effect of cortactin and HDAC6 on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion was then evaluated in IA8 cells. The results showed that expression of cortactin and HDAC6 was significantly higher in PfCa foci, compared to that of high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) foci and benign foci (P < 0.05). Cortactin and HDAC6 were associated with poor prognosis of patients with PfCa (P < 0.05). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed HDAC6 level was a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients with PfCa (β = 1.200, Wald value = 7.282, P = 0.007, 95% CI = 1.389–7.941, P < 0.01, β > 0). Both knocking down cortactin and inhibition of HDAC6 activity with tubacin reduced in vitro migration and invasion ability of IA8 cells substantially. Furthermore, HDAC6 has prognostic value for patients with PfCa. Dysregulation of cortactin and HDAC6 is implicated in the invasiveness and migration of prostate cancer cells.
Visual Attention to Dynamic Spatial Relations in Infants and Adults
Authors: Galazka Martyna , Nyström Pär 
Published: June 2015

Previous research has found that kinematic features of interactions, such as spatial proximity, capture adult visual attention. The current research uses online measures of gaze behavior to determine attentional capture to objects with reduced interobject spacing in adults as well as infants at 5 and 12 months. The three age groups observed three identical geometrical shapes that moved randomly. Relative distance between the objects was mapped and intervals of high and low spatial proximity were identified. Findings demonstrate that only adults and 12‐month‐olds look significantly more at the objects that are close during instances of high spatial proximity, while 5‐month‐olds look at chance. The findings speak for a developmental trend in oculomotor processes, where a bias to look at objects with high spatial proximity develops within the first year of life.
The population cost‐effectiveness of a parenting intervention designed to prevent anxiety disorders in children
Authors: Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Vos Theo , Rapee Ronald M. , Pirkis Jane , Chatterton Mary Lou , Lee Yu‐Chen , Carter Rob 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundPrevention and early intervention for anxiety disorders has lagged behind many other forms of mental disorder. Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of a parent‐focussed psycho‐educational programme. The programme is directed at parents of inhibited preschool children and has been shown to reduce anxiety disorders at 1 and 3 years following intervention. The current study assesses the cost‐effectiveness of this intervention to determine whether it could provide value‐for‐money across a population.MethodA cost‐utility economic framework, using Disability‐Adjusted‐Life‐Years (DALYs) as the outcome, was adopted. Economic modelling techniques were used to assess the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention within the Australian population context, which was modelled as add‐on to current practice. The perspective was the health sector. Uncertainty was measured using multivariate probabilistic testing and key assumptions were tested using univariate sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe medianICERfor the intervention wasAUD$8,000 perDALYaverted with 99.8% of the uncertainty iterations falling below the threshold value‐for‐money criterion ofAUD$50,000 perDALYaverted. The results were robust to sensitivity testing.ConclusionsScreening young children in a preschool setting for an inhibited temperament and providing a brief intervention to the parents of children with high levels of inhibition appears to provide very good value‐for‐money and worth considering in any package of preventive care. Further evaluation of this intervention under routine health service conditions will strengthen conclusions. Acceptability issues associated with this intervention, particularly to preschool staff and parents, need to be considered before wide‐scale adoption is undertaken.
Default mode network maturation and psychopathology in children and adolescents
Authors: Sato João Ricardo , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Gadelha Ary , Crossley Nicolas , Vieira Gilson , Manfro Gisele Gus , Zugman André , Picon Felipe Almeida , Pan Pedro Mario , Hoexter Marcelo Queiroz , Anés Mauricio , Moura Luciana Monteiro , Del'Aquilla Marco Antonio Gomes , Jr Edson Amaro , McGuire Philip , Lacerda Acioly Luiz Tavares , Rohde Luis Augusto , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Jackowski Andrea Parolin , Bressan Rodrigo Affonseca 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe human default mode (DMN) is involved in a wide array of mental disorders. Current knowledge suggests that mental health disorders may reflect deviant trajectories of brain maturation.MethodWe studied 654 children using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans under a resting‐state protocol. A machine‐learning method was used to obtain age predictions of children based on the average coefficient of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) of the DMN, a measure of spontaneous local activity. The chronological ages of the children and fALFF measures from regions of this network, the response and predictor variables were considered respectively in a Gaussian Process Regression. Subsequently, we computed a network maturation status index for each subject (actual age minus predicted). We then evaluated the association between this maturation index and psychopathology scores on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL).ResultsOur hypothesis was that the maturation status of the DMN would be negatively associated with psychopathology. Consistent with previous studies, fALFF significantly predicted the age of participants (p < .001). Furthermore, as expected, we found an association between the DMN maturation status (precocious vs. delayed) and general psychopathology scores (p = .011).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that child psychopathology seems to be associated with delayed maturation of the DMN. This delay in the neurodevelopmental trajectory may offer interesting insights into the pathophysiology of mental health disorders.
Effect of a novel repellent, acetylated glyceride, on courtship behaviours and acoustic signals of Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Kashima T. , Kanmiya K. , Yoshida K. , Arimoto Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), attacks a wide range of vegetables and ornamental plants in the tropics and subtropics. This study involved observations of adult whitefly courtship behaviours to determine the impact of acetylated glyceride treatment, which is currently being developed as a repellent for adults, on their progeny. In addition, the effect of acetylated glyceride treatment on acoustic‐based communication was evaluated, as this type of communication is known to play a pivotal role in the search for mating partners on host‐plant leaves in adult whiteflies. Adults were able to land on grape tomato leaves a few days after treatment, when the residual repellency had dissipated. Almost no male courtship behaviour in terms of searching for sexually mature females was observed throughout the observation period (60 min) under conditions in which adults of both sexes remained on a treated leaf or those in which an adult of either sex remained on a non‐treated leaf. By contrast, these behaviours accounted for 26.5% of the observation time under conditions in which both sexes remained on a non‐treated leaf. In cross‐tests performed for 4 days using one non‐mated female and two non‐mated males, the sex ratio (male/female) of the newly emerged adults on treated leaves (2.4) was 63.6% lower than that of the non‐treated controls (0.9). During courtship, acoustic signals produced by both sexes were exchanged rhythmically on non‐treated leaves, whereas the signals on treated leaves were irregular. The frequency of the vibratory sound produced by males was 66–81% lower on the treated leaves than on the non‐treated leaves. A large reduction in the acoustic signals produced by males on treated leaves caused a decrease in courting pair formation, leading to a significant reduction in the number of female progeny due to arrhenotokous parthenogenesis in virgin B. tabaci females.
A 12‐Week Physical and Cognitive Exercise Program Can Improve Cognitive Function and Neural Efficiency in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nishiguchi Shu , Yamada Minoru , Tanigawa Takanori , Sekiyama Kaoru , Kawagoe Toshikazu , Suzuki Maki , Yoshikawa Sakiko , Abe Nobuhito , Otsuka Yuki , Nakai Ryusuke , Aoyama Tomoki , Tsuboyama Tadao 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate whether a 12‐week physical and cognitive exercise program can improve cognitive function and brain activation efficiency in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingKyoto, Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (N = 48) were randomized into an exercise group (n = 24) and a control group (n = 24).InterventionExercise group participants received a weekly dual task–based multimodal exercise class in combination with pedometer‐based daily walking exercise during the 12‐week intervention phase. Control group participants did not receive any intervention and were instructed to spend their time as usual during the intervention phase.MeasurementsThe outcome measures were global cognitive function, memory function, executive function, and brain activation (measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging) associated with visual short‐term memory.ResultsExercise group participants had significantly greater postintervention improvement in memory and executive functions than the control group (P < .05). In addition, after the intervention, less activation was found in several brain regions associated with visual short‐term memory, including the prefrontal cortex, in the exercise group (P < .001, uncorrected).ConclusionA 12‐week physical and cognitive exercise program can improve the efficiency of brain activation during cognitive tasks in older adults, which is associated with improvements in memory and executive function.
Uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cerebral vasculature of Tg2576 mice
Authors: Santhanam Anantha Vijay R. , d'Uscio Livius V. , He Tongrong , Das Pritam , Younkin Steven G. , Katusic Zvonimir S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we tested the hypothesis that reduced bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a major mechanism responsible for pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral microvessels of transgenic mice expressing the Swedish double mutation of human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (Tg2576 mice). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein expression was significantly increased in cerebral vasculature of Tg2576 mice. In contrast, bioavailability of BH4 was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Moreover, superoxide anion production was increased in cerebral microvessels of Tg2576 mice (p < 0.05). Incubation with NOS inhibitor, Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester, decreased superoxide anion indicating that uncoupled eNOS is most likely the source of superoxide anion. Increasing BH4 bioavailability either exogenously by BH4 supplementation or endogenously by treatment with the selective peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor – delta activator GW501516 (2 mg/kg/day, 14 days) attenuated eNOS uncoupling and decreased superoxide anion production in cerebral microvessels of Tg2576 mice (p < 0.05). Treatment with GW501516 restored the biological activity of endothelial nitric oxide in cerebral microvessels of Tg2576 mice, as indicated by the increased nitrite/nitrate content and 3,5‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels (p < 0.05). Our studies indicate that sub‐optimal BH4 bioavailability in cerebral vasculature is an important contributor to oxidant stress and endothelial dysfunction in Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
imageExisting evidence suggests that Aβ peptides‐induced up‐regulation of expression and activity of NADPH oxidase causes increased production of superoxide anion (.O2−). .O2− can also be converted to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or spontaneous dismutation. Elevation of .O2− and H2O2 might cause oxidation of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) to dihydrobiopterin (BH2) and subsequent uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (a) thus reducing levels of nitric oxide (NO) and 3′,5′‐cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Supplementation of BH4 or activation of PPARδ prevents detrimental effects of eNOS uncoupling by restoring bioavailability of BH4 and scavenging of .O2−, respectively (b). Activation of PPARδ also increases expression of catalase thereby inactivating H2O2. Generation of H2O2 by uncoupled eNOS in cerebral microvessels of Tg2576 mice is hypothetical.
MFN2 deletion of exons 7 and 8: founder mutation in the UK population
Authors: Carr Aisling S. , Polke James M. , Wilson Jacob , Pelayo‐Negro Ana L. , Laura Matilde , Nanji Tina , Holt James , Vaughan Jennifer , Rankin Julia , Sweeney Mary G. , Blake Julian , Houlden Henry , Reilly Mary M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMitofusin 2 (MFN2) mutations are the most common cause of axonal Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT2). The majority are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner but recessive and semi‐dominant kindreds have also been described. We previously reported a deletion of exons 7 and 8 resulting in nonsense‐mediated decay, segregating with disease when present in trans with another pathogenic MFN2 mutation. Detailed clinical and electrophysiological data on a series of five affected patients from four kindreds and, when available, their parents and relatives were collected. MFN2 Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation probe amplification, and haplotype analysis were performed. A severe early‐onset CMT phenotype was seen in all cases: progressive distal weakness, wasting, and sensory loss from infancy or early childhood. Optic atrophy (four of five) and wheelchair dependency in childhood were common (four of five). All were compound heterozygous for a deletion of exons 7 and 8 in MFN2 with another previously reported pathogenic mutation (Phe216Ser, Thr362Met, and Arg707Trp). Carrier parents and relatives were unaffected (age range: 24–82 years). Haplotype analysis confirmed that the deletion had a common founder in all families.