bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Pathways From Short Sleep to Obesity? Associations Between Short Sleep and “Secondary” Eating and Drinking Behavior
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S. , Sen Bisakha 
Published: November 2015

Purpose. The association between short sleep and obesity risk is well established. However, we explore a new pathway between short sleep and obesity: whether short sleep is linked to more time spent in secondary eating or drinking, that is, eating or drinking (beverages other than water, such as sugar-sweetened beverages) while primarily engaged in another activity, such as television watching. Design. This pooled cross-sectional study uses data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2006 to 2008. Setting. The study takes place in the United States. Subjects. Subjects are 28,150 adults (55.8% female) aged 21 to 65 who were surveyed in the ATUS. Measures. Outcomes are time spent on (1) secondary eating and drinking and (2) primary eating and drinking. Our main predictor variable is sleep duration. Analysis. Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, we estimate multivariate regression-analysis models for the full sample, as well as by weekday/weekend status, race, and gender subgroups. Results. In multivariate models, compared to respondents reporting normal sleep, short sleep was associated with additional 8.7 (SE = 2.1) minutes per day of secondary eating (p < .01) and additional 28.6 (SE = 4.2) and 31.28 (SE = 5.0) minutes per day of secondary drinking on weekdays and weekends, respectively (p < .01). Conclusions. We find that short sleep is associated with more time spent in secondary eating and, in particular, secondary drinking. This potentially suggests a pathway from short sleep to increased caloric intake in the form of beverages and distracted eating and thus potential increased obesity risk, although more research is needed.
Impact of California Children’s Power Play! Campaign on Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity among Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students
Authors: Keihner Angie , Rosen Nila , Wakimoto Patricia , Goldstein Lauren , Sugerman Sharon , Hudes Mark , Ritchie Lorrene , McDevitt Kate 
Published: November 2015

Purpose. Examine the impact of the Children’s Power Play! Campaign on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA). Design. Study design was a cluster randomized, controlled trial. Setting. Forty-four low-resource public schools in San Diego County, California, were included in the study. Subjects. Study subjects comprised a total of 3463 fourth/fifth-graders (1571 intervention, 1892 control), with an 86.9% completion rate. Intervention. Throughout 10 weeks, activities were conducted during/after school, including weekly FV/PA lessons and PA breaks; biweekly classroom promotions/taste tests; posters displayed in/around schools; and weekly nutrition materials for parents. Measures. Self-reported FV intake (cups/d) and PA (min/d) were collected at baseline and follow-up using a diary-assisted, 24-hour dietary recall and Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist. Analysis. Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographics and cluster design effects were used, with change as the dependent variable. Results. Intervention children, compared with controls, showed gains in daily FV intake (.26 cups, p < .001) and PA time at recess/lunch (5.1 minutes, p = .003), but not total daily PA minutes. Conclusion. Power Play! can help schools and community organizations improve low-income children’s FV intake and PA during recess/lunch.
Regeneración de la playa de la zurriola San Sebastian (Guipuzcoa)
Authors: Gómez Pina Gregorio , Díez Galo 
Published: November 2015

<p>Desde 1876, se han venido realizando actuaciones de ocupación de los terrenos de la playa y zona dunar de la playa de la Zurrióla de San Sebastián, alcanzándose la configuración que era de todos conocida hacia 1961. El problema de la playa venía agravado por la construcción de varios azudes en el río Urumea, principal aporte sedimentario de ésta, llegándose a una situación de cuasi desaparición de la playa en pleamares medias.</p>
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND PROPERTIES OF HYDROGENATED LIQUID NATURAL RUBBER
Authors: Jamaluddin Naharullah , Yusof Muhammad Jefri Mohd , Abdullah Ibrahim , Yusoff Siti Fairus M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Liquid natural rubber (LNR) is a low-molecular-weight polymer resulting from degradation of natural rubber (NR) with a similar monomer along the backbone chain. Hydrogenated LNR (HLNR) was synthesized from LNR, in which diimide generated through the thermolysis of p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide (TSH) served as the source of hydrogen. The products' structure was confirmed on the basis of changes in main peaks featuring carbon–carbon unsaturated bonds in Fourier-transform infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra after hydrogenation. Gel-permeation chromatography showed that HLNR had a lower molecular weight (Mw &lt; 104) than LNR (Mw &lt; 105) and NR (Mw &gt; 106) because of chain degradation during hydrogenation. The targeted conversion percentage (&gt;90%) was attained by manipulating the reaction parameters. A ratio of 3:1 TSH/LNR was optimum for achieving a high percentage of hydrogenation at 130 °C in a 6 h reaction period. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the hydrogenation process increased the degradation temperature of LNR. HLNR also can act as a compatibilizer to improve the miscibility of natural rubber/polystyrene blends based from an optical microscope.
Åpent nummer om profesjonsetikk
Authors: Thorseth May , Carson Siri Granum , Alvarez Allen 
Published: November 2015

Dette nummeret av tidsskriftet er et åpent nummer. Der fire av fem bidrag handler om profesjonsetikk. Ett av disse drøfter profesjonsetikk mer generelt, mens de andre tre fokuserer på bestemte profesjoner. Det ene bidraget drøfter spionvirksomhet, mens de andre to ser på toppfotball og global helseetikk. I tillegg har vi et bidrag som sammenlikner etikk og identitetsbygging innenfor ulike nasjonale kontekster.
Black Megachurches and Gender Inclusivity
Authors: Barnes Sandra L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Black megachurches are increasingly known for their charismatic pastors, multiple worship services, and unconventional programs. But what are their stances on gender inclusivity? Informed by black liberation and womanist theologies, this mixedmethodological study across 16 black megachurches assesses clergy views on the subject as well as whether their congregations are welcoming and affirming, open, or exclusionary regarding black women in church roles. Results show that most black clergy in the study are open to black women’s participation and leadership; black women hold a myriad of positions in both churches and in church-sponsored secular organizations. When constraints are placed on womanism, it is to encourage male leadership in familial and pastoral roles. In such scenarios, pastors tend to emphasize gender role complementarity rather than equality. However, pastors who most adamantly espouse black liberation and womanist tenets are most likely to be welcoming and affirming of black women’s full participation without caveats to their involvement. Moreover, such churches tend to promote inclusivity of other historically oppressed groups such as sexual minorities and to encourage open discourses about controversial issues among adults and youth in general.
"You have to put your children’s needs first or you’re really not a good mother": Black Motherhood and Self-Care Practices
Authors: Nichols Tracy R. , Gringle Meredith R. , Pulliam Regina McCoy 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Black mothers provide a disproportionate share of unpaid and informal health care support to others, internal and external to their households. In addition, black women experience a disproportionate burden of chronic disease and healthrelated risk factors. Despite these trends, few studies have examined the impact of daily mothering on women’s self-care practices. Embodiment, an ecosocial theory applied to health disparities research, describes a process by which individuals may biologically incorporate their material and social environments. Black women and mothers have historically managed their own well-being in the context of the care of others, as well as popular images and perceptions that characterize this population as stronger, less feminine, and deviant relative to white women. In this study, we examine how black mothers understand and report their self-care as they simultaneously manage obligations to others and popular messages about black women and motherhood. Findings were based on qualitative data collected from 16 black women. Overall, we found the women reported feelings of stress. This stress seemed to be a consequence of conflicting demands of (1) maternal sacrifice, which is a component of the expectations of a "strong black woman" stereotype, and (2) self-care as it is defined and promoted by healthism.
Fuzzy Logic Based Eye-Brain Controlled Web Access System
Authors: Mirchandani Suvir P 
Published: November 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Accessing the Web is crucially important in today’s society because of communication, education, and entertainment opportunities. Paralyzed or paretic individuals are unable to capitalize on these opportunities using traditional human-computer interaction methods. Thus, I develop a low-cost web browsing system for such individuals, integrating eye and brain control in a novel fashion to relay and interpret navigation commands. The system combines gaze position estimates obtained from a new image processing algorithm with brain concentration levels sensed and transmitted by an electroencephalogram headset. Since user intent may itself be uncertain, the system incorporates a novel fuzzy logic algorithm for combining brainwave and eye position inputs to determine the user’s targeted hyperlink. The algorithm adopts an approach based on exponential smoothing to e</span><span>ffi</span><span>ciently keep a record of historical signals. Experimental evaluation established that the first attempt success rate of the system lies between 87% and 95% with 95% confidence. Error recovery accuracy is 98.4%, resulting in a second attempt success rate of 99.1%. This assistive technology, using o</span><span>ff</span><span>-the-shelf components, costs less than $100 excluding the tablet computer, and has the potential to a</span><span>ff</span><span>ordably open up the Web to millions of individuals.</span></p></div></div></div>
The Theoretical Study and Empirical Research Process of Service Innovation: A Literature Review
Authors: Rong Di , Ming Xu , Limsupanark Jutamart 
Published: November 2015

<p>The industry of service has been progressing rapidly in recent years. In face of the financial crisis, innovation is becoming one of the most important factors along with the development of service innovation. It is important to fully consider characteristics both from theoretical and empirical perspective when identifying service innovation. This article conducts a systematic review of literature on research process of service innovation. In this paper, the research status on concept and typology of service innovation are demonstrated and classified in the second and third section, and three stages are discussed in the following, In addition, the development process is highlighted from four aspects: The customer, new service development and new product development, theoretical and empirical. At last, a recommended list of measures is provided for future theoretical study and empirical research. </p>
Genetic Transformation of Dendrobium 'Sonia Earsakul' with Antisense Carica papaya ACO1 Gene
Authors: Sornchai Piyanuch , Chanprame Sermsiri 
Published: November 2015

<p><em>Dendrobium</em> orchid is one of the major export cut flowers not only in Thailand but also for several tropical countries. However, the production of ethylene by their flowers causes a shorter vase life. Flowers that contained lower levels of ethylene usually exhibited delayed senescence and consequently prolonged vase life. The transfer of antisense <em>ACC oxidase (ACO)</em> gene into orchid, in theory, may leads to decreased ethylene production because this gene can down regulates the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. This study focuses on the transformation and the existence and expression of the antisense <em>ACO</em>1 gene from papaya, namely (<em>CP-ACO</em>1), which was transferred in to <em>Dendrobium</em> 'Sonia Earsakul'. The successful stable transformation event obtained and the existence of the transferred gene was determined using PCR, dot blot hybridization and Southern blot hybridization techniques. The results revealed that antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 and <em>hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt)</em> gene existed in all transgenic lines confirmed by PCR technique. The genomic dot blot confirmed the incorporation of the transgene in transgenic plant genome. Southern blot hybridization revealed the existed of one to four sets of the gene in transgenic lines. The expression of antisense <em>CP-ACO</em>1 gene was analyzed through the level of ACO enzyme activity and ethylene production in transgenic orchid. All of the transgenic lines had lower ACO enzyme activity and lower ethylene production than that of the non-transgenic orchid plants.<strong> </strong></p> <p> </p>
Optimization of Alkaline Activator Mixing and Curing Conditions for A fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Paste System
Authors: Abdulkareem Omar A. , Ramli Mahyuddin 
Published: November 2015

<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">This article reports the strength development and microstructure characteristics of a fly ash (FA) geopolymer system prepared with an alkaline activator consisting of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and liquid sodium silicate (Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>). The effect of Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>/NaOH mass mixing ratio on the compressive strength and microstructure characteristics of hardened FA geopolymers at different ages was investigated. The influence of different curing conditions on the strength development of the FA geopolymer was also explored. The experimental results revealed that the alkaline activator prepared with Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>/NaOH ratio of 1.00 provides sufficient alkalinity to promote the geopolymerization reaction and development of high-strength FA geopolymer material. The </span><span lang="EN-GB">scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the dissolution rates of the FA extremely affected by the content of NaOH solution in the liquid activator. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Also, the most effective curing regime was 70 °C for 24 h to produce geopolymers with optimal strength at different aging periods. </span></p>
Empirical modeling of the storm time innermost magnetosphere using Van Allen Probes and THEMIS data: Eastward and banana currents
Authors: Stephens G. K. , Sitnov M. I. , Ukhorskiy A. Y. , Roelof E. C. , Tsyganenko N. A. , Le G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe structure of storm time currents in the inner magnetosphere, including its innermost region inside 4RE, is studied for the first time using a modification of the empirical geomagnetic field model TS07D and new data from Van Allen Probes and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms missions. It is shown that the model, which uses basis‐function expansions instead of ad hoc current modules to approximate the magnetic field, consistently improves its resolution and magnetic field reconstruction with the increase of the number of basis functions and resolves the spatial structure and evolution of the innermost eastward current. This includes a connection between the westward ring current flowing largely at
and the eastward ring current concentrated at
resulting in a vortex current pattern. A similar pattern coined ‘banana current’ was previously inferred from the pressure distributions based on the energetic neutral atom imaging and first‐principles ring current simulations. The morphology of the equatorial currents is dependent on storm phase. During the main phase, it is complex, with several asymmetries forming banana currents. Near SYM‐H minimum, the banana current is strongest, is localized in the evening‐midnight sector, and is more structured compared to the main phase. It then weakens during the recovery phase resulting in the equatorial currents to become mostly azimuthally symmetric.
Influence of post‐Tehuano oceanographic processes in the dynamics of the CO2 system in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico
Authors: Chapa‐Balcorta Cecilia , Hernandez‐Ayon J. Martin , Durazo Reginaldo , Beier Emilio , Alin Simone R. , López‐Pérez Andrés 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis investigation reports, for the first time, results of CO2 system variables in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, located in the Mexican tropical Pacific. We quantified the post‐Tehuano concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and pH (April 2013). These values were used to calculate pCO2, aragonite saturation (ΩAr), and air‐sea CO2 fluxes (FCO2). The intense vertical stratification was found to contribute to the biogeochemical processes in surface waters (<70 m). However, in post‐Tehuano conditions, high pCO2 (∼1000 µatm) and DIC concentrations (2200 µmol kg−1), as well as low ΩAr (∼1.1) and pH (∼7.5), remain in surface waters for a few days after Tehuano winds have weakened. We identified four oceanographic areas: (a) a highly mixed region due to previous Tehuano events; (b) coastal upwelling in the western region; (c) mesoscale eddies; (d) a poleward surface coastal current. The first three promoted the influence of Subtropical Subsurface Water in the chemistry of surface waters, whereas the coastal current contributed to the horizontal advection of DIC. The calculated CO2 fluxes ranged from −2.3 mmol m−2 d−1 in areas with stratified waters to over 25 mmol m−2 d−1 for mixed areas. Positive values indicate an ocean‐to‐atmosphere flux. Our findings suggest that the Gulf of Tehuantepec is a major source of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Attributing the behavior of low‐level clouds in large‐scale models to subgrid‐scale parameterizations
Authors: Neggers R. A. J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study explores ways of establishing the characteristic behavior of boundary layer schemes in representing subtropical marine low‐level clouds in climate models. To this purpose, parameterization schemes are studied in both isolated and interactive mode with the larger‐scale circulation. Results of the EUCLIPSE/GASS intercomparison study for Single‐Column Models (SCM) on low‐level cloud transitions are compared to General Circulation Model (GCM) results from the CFMIP‐2 project at selected grid points in the subtropical eastern Pacific. Low cloud characteristics are plotted as a function of key state variables for which Large‐Eddy Simulation results suggest a distinct and reasonably tight relation. These include the Cloud Top Entrainment Instability (CTEI) parameter and the total cloud cover. SCM and GCM results are thus compared and their resemblance is quantified using simple metrics. Good agreement is reported, to such a degree that SCM results are found to be uniquely representative of their GCM, and vice versa. This suggests that the system of parameterized fast boundary layer physics dominates the model state at any given time, even when interactive with the larger‐scale flow. This behavior can loosely be interpreted as a unique “fingerprint” of a boundary layer scheme, recognizable in both SCM and GCM simulations. The result justifies and advocates the use of SCM simulation for improving weather and climate models, including the attribution of typical responses of low clouds to climate change in a GCM to specific parameterizations.
USAFA Integrated Miniaturized Electrostatic Analyzer (iMESA)—An Undergraduate Space Weather Constellation
Authors: McHarg Geoff , Neal Parris , Taormina Nikolas , Strom Alex , Balthazor Richard 
Published: November 2015

Key Points

Air Force Academy cadets design and build a space weather constellation
Instruments measure plasma density and temperature, spacecraft charging, total dose, and dose rate
Increasing density of in situ measurements improves space weather forecast
Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkoxylation and Amination of Cyclic Imides
Authors: Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Sorribes Iván , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReported herein, for the first time, is the selective ruthenium‐catalyzed reductive alkoxylation and amination of phthalimides/succinimides. Notably, this novel methodology avoids hydrogenation of the aromatic ring and allows methoxylation of substituted imides with good to excellent selectivity for one of the carbonyl groups. The reported method opens the door to the development of new processes for the selective synthesis of various functionalized N‐heterocyclic compounds. As an example, intramolecular reductive couplings to afford tricyclic compounds are presented for the first time.
Folding Up of Gold Nanoparticle Strings into Plasmonic Vesicles for Enhanced Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Liu Yijing , He Jie , Yang Kuikun , Yi Chenglin , Liu Yi , Nie Liming , Khashab Niveen M. , Chen Xiaoyuan , Nie Zhihong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe stepwise self‐assembly of hollow plasmonic vesicles with vesicular membranes containing strings of gold nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The formation of chain vesicles can be controlled by tuning the density of the polymer ligands on the surface of the gold NPs. The strong absorption of the chain vesicles in the near‐infrared (NIR) region leads to a much higher efficiency in photoacoustic (PA) imaging than for non‐chain vesicles. The chain vesicles were further employed for the encapsulation of drugs and the NIR light triggered release of payloads. This work not only offers a new platform for controlling the hierarchical self‐assembly of NPs, but also demonstrates that the physical properties of the materials can be tailored by controlling the spatial arrangement of NPs within assemblies to achieve a better performance in biomedical applications.
Kinetic Resolution of Azomethine Imines by Brønsted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Reduction
Authors: Bongers Amanda , Moon Patrick J. , Beauchemin André M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAzomethine imines are valuable substrates in asymmetric catalysis, and can be precursors to β‐amino carbonyl compounds and complex hydrazines. However, their utility is limited because complex and enantioenriched azomethine imines are often unavailable. Reported herein is a kinetic resolution of N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines by enantioselective reduction (s=13–43). This resolution was accomplished using a Brønsted acid catalyst, and represents the first example of the asymmetric reduction of azomethine imines. The pyrazolidinone product (up to 86 % ee) and the recovered azomethine imine (up to 99 % ee) can both be used to access the opposite enantiomers of valuable products.