bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Society support in action: experiences from our community
Authors: Ollett Lucy 
Published: February 2025

Throughout the year, the Biochemical Society offers a programme of grants for all career stages, supporting research, attendance at scientific conferences, and the sponsorship of events. In 2024, we awarded over £400,000 towards international collaboration, knowledge exchange, outreach projects and summer vacation studentships. In this article, we are delighted to share a few insights from our community that highlight the variety of projects and opportunities made possible by our funding.
For more information about our funding opportunities and the application process, please visit our website.
Qualitative Analysis of Therapist Documentation of Assessments of Orally Feeding Infants Who Require Noninvasive Respiratory Support
Authors: Barnes Carolyn , Simpson Kit N. , Wilmskoetter Janina , McGhee Heather , Nichols Keeley , Bonilha Heather S. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
This is a qualitative analysis of speech-language pathology and occupational therapy documentation of bedside assessments of infants orally feeding on noninvasive respiratory support (NRS).

Method:
Data were extracted from speech-language pathology and occupational therapy electronic health record documentation of bedside feeding/swallowing assessment and treatment of infants on NRS. These data included the rate of documentation of objective metrics, as well as themes in feeding safety, quality, and therapeutic interventions.

Results:
Notes from 37 speech-language pathologist and occupational therapist bedside visits were included. Data on the amount of NRS during oral feeding were inconsistently documented, but reported flow rate ranged from 0.2 to 5.0 l per minute. Approximately 57% of notes indicated some type of overt feeding problem. Objective data were inconsistently documented, but common metrics included signs of possible aspiration (cough in 16.2% and congestion in 13.5% of notes), liquid viscosity (43.2% of notes), feeding modality (94.6% of notes), volume offered (56.8% of notes) and consumed (81.1% of notes), and feeding time (56.8% of notes). Documentation themes include assessment of both safety and quality, implied stability and success rather than explicit documentation of such, infrequent instrumental assessment referral, differences between assessment versus follow-up treatment notes, differences in structured/templated notes versus unstructured narratives, and missing data.

Conclusions:
Missing data limited our ability to draw conclusions regarding safety and quality of oral feeding during NRS use. We make recommendations for documentation, including prioritizing objective data, clarifying clinical interpretations, patient responses to interventions trialed, and use of structured narratives and flowcharting.
Motion vehicle detection for traffic video streams
Authors: Song Jianhao , Ding Hua , Liu Lai , Chen Juntao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis research offers an enhanced version of the YOLOv5s+MobileNetV3+BiFPN method to address a number of issues in moving vehicle recognition in traffic video streams, including lightweight network model, motion blur, scene delay etc. By substituting YOLOv5s BackBone with the lightweight MobileNetV3 backbone network and employing a parameter‐free attention mechanism, the network model's parameters are reduced. To improve the ability of features to learn, use SimAM instead of SENet structure; Integrating the BiFPN network will increase the computing cost while improving the detection accuracy; Utilize the K‐means++ method to improve the anchor frame choice and boost the detection performance for targets of various scales; In addition, the dataset is arbitrarily disregarded to address the issue of extreme information redundancy. Results are obtained by applying the enhanced algorithm to the processed video detection dataset. The experimental findings demonstrate that this method, when compared to the original YOLOv5s algorithm, has a faster detection speed and a higher detection accuracy in the detection of vehicle targets in traffic video streams. The mAP@0.5:0.95 improved by 11.23%, and the FPS increased from 15.87 to 47.62.
Substellar candidates at the earliest stages: The SUCANES database
Authors: Pérez-García A. M. , Huélamo N. , García López A. , Pérez-Martínez R. , Verdugo E. , Palau A. , de Gregorio-Monsalvo I. , Morata O. , Barrado D. , Morales-Calderon M. , Mas-Hesse M. , Bayo A. , Maucó K. , Bouy H. 
Published: February 2025

Context. Brown dwarfs are the bridge between low-mass stars and giant planets. One way of shedding light on their dominant formation mechanism is to study them at the earliest stages of their evolution, when they are deeply embedded in their parental clouds. Several works have identified pre- and proto-brown dwarf candidates using different observational approaches.
Aims. The aim of this work is to create a database of all the objects classified as very young substellar candidates in the literature in order to study them homogeneously.
Methods. We gathered all the information about very young substellar candidates available in the literature until 2020. We retrieved their published photometry from the optical to the centimetre regime, and we wrote our own codes to derive their bolometric temperatures and luminosities, and their internal luminosities. We also populated the database with other parameters extracted from the literature, such as the envelope masses, their detection in some molecular species, and the presence of outflows.
Results. The result of our search is the SUbstellar CANdidates at the Earliest Stages (SUCANES) database, containing 174 objects classified as potential very young substellar candidates in the literature. We present an analysis of the main properties of the retrieved objects. Since we updated the distances to several star forming regions, we were able to reject some candidates based on their internal luminosities. We also discuss the derived physical parameters and envelope masses for the best substellar candidates isolated in SUCANES. As an example of a scientific exploitation of this database, we present a feasibility study for the detection of radio jets with upcoming facilities: the next generation Very Large Array and the Square Kilometer Array interferometers. The SUCANES database is accessible through a graphical user interface, and it is open to any potential user.
Vitamin D in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Karger Stefan , Roth Andreas 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, das Verständnis der Physiologie, des Stoffwechsels und der biologischen Funktionen von Vitamin D zu vertiefen sowie Hinweise zur Identifizierung von Risikopatienten und schließlich zur Behandlung eines Vitamin-D-Mangels zu geben. Die Ausführungen stützen sich im Wesentlichen auf einen Artikel von Holick aus dem Jahr 2024 1 sowie die von Holick et al. 2011 und von Demay et al. 2024 publizierten Leitlinien der Endocrine Society 2, 3, wobei die jüngste Leitlinie im Gegensatz zu 2011 auf eine Risikobewertung von Vitamin-D-assoziierten Erkrankungen bei Individuen mit bisher nicht etablierten Indikationen für eine Vitamin-D-Supplementation bzw. -Messung abzielt.
Fracture Liaison Service
Authors: Scholz Roger 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Osteoporose ist eine sehr häufige Erkrankung, die nach klinisch längerfristig stummem Verlauf zu Fragilitätsfrakturen mit weitreichenden Folgen für den Patienten führt. Nach eingetretener Indexfaktur ist die Refrakturrate auch im kurzfristigen Verlauf bei unbehandelter Grunderkrankung hoch. Morbidität und Mortalität steigen, Schmerzen, Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen und nicht selten Pflegebedürftigkeit belasten den Betroffenen und der hohen Behandlungs- und Pflegekosten wegen auch die Gesellschaft erheblich. Aus diesen Gründen kommt der Sekundär- und Tertiärprävention nach stattgehabter Fraktur eine hohe Bedeutung zu. Ein strukturiertes Versorgungskonzept zur Identifizierung, Diagnostik und Therapieeinleitung sowie Überwachung ist im Rahmen des Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) zu fordern. In zahlreichen internationalen Studien konnte die Effektivität des FLS sowohl individuell für den Patienten als auch hinsichtlich der Kosteneffizienz wissenschaftlich belegt werden. Unterschiedliche FLS-Typen sind vorhanden, wobei nachweisbar war, dass der höhere Aufwand durch einen FLS-Koordinator zu einem signifikant besseren Ergebnis führt und dieser daher als integraler Bestandteil des Netzwerkes zu fordern ist.
Stellenwert des Vitamin D bei Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Janda Aleš 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungVitamin D spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei Autoimmunerkrankungen und ist über seine klassische Funktion im Knochenstoffwechsel hinaus ein entscheidender Faktor für die Immunregulation. Es wird in der Haut durch UVB-Strahlung gebildet und in seine aktive Form (1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D, Calcitriol) umgewandelt, die an Vitamin-D-Rezeptoren in Immunzellen bindet und entzündungsregulierende Gene beeinflusst. Studien legen nahe, dass ein niedriger Vitamin-D-Spiegel mit einer erhöhten Krankheitsaktivität und einem höheren Risiko für Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose und rheumatoide Arthritis einhergeht. Zusätzlich wurde gezeigt, dass eine Vitamin-D-Supplementierung die Schubrate bei Multipler Sklerose, die Krankheitsaktivität bei systemischem Lupus erythematodes und die Entzündungsreaktionen bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis positiv beeinflussen könnte. Weitere Studien zur Dosierung und Langzeiteffekten werden jedoch benötigt, um die therapeutische Wirksamkeit besser zu verstehen.
Das Long-QT-Syndrom: Unerkannte Gefahr bei ambulanten Operationen mit Tumeszenz-Lokalanästhesie oder wann ist auch eine verdünnte Lokalanästhesie ausreichend?
Authors: Hartmann Karsten 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas Long-QT-Syndrom (LQTS) ist eine oft unerkannte Herzerkrankung, die durch eine verlängerte QT-Zeit im EKG charakterisiert ist. Diese kann Herzrhythmusstörungen wie Torsade-de-Pointes-Tachykardien auslösen, die potenziell lebensbedrohlich sind. Das Syndrom tritt angeboren durch genetische Defekte oder erworben auf, beispielsweise durch Medikamente wie Antiarrhythmika, Antidepressiva, Antibiotika oder durch Narkosemittel wie Propofol.Adrenalin birgt bei LQTS-Patienten ein erhöhtes Risiko für Arrhythmien. Im ambulanten Setting bei kürzeren Operationen wie Venenbehandlungen kann der Verzicht auf Adrenalin die Sicherheit erhöhen. Dabei ist eine angepasste Anwendung von Lokalanästhetika erforderlich, um rechtliche und medizinische Risiken zu minimieren.
Practitioners’ perceived risks to biodiversity from renewable energy expansion through 2050
Authors: Condon Daphne , Scott Tyler A. , Smith Adam B. , Morelli Toni Lyn , Ashraf Uzma , Mojica Alex , Chittanuru Hrithika , Luu Rachel , Bear Rae , Hernandez Rebecca R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Large-scale (e.g., > 1 megawatt capacity) wind and solar energy (hereafter, LSWS) developments are increasing to aid decarbonization. However, LSWS can also negatively affect biodiversity. Planners and other interested parties’ perceptions about the impact of LSWS on biodiversity will thus affect how trade-offs are managed during planning and buildout. We present a survey of professionals (n = 116) working at the intersection of LSWS and biodiversity protection across the United States concerning: (1) perceived environmental impacts from LSWS expansion; and (2) how these impacts compare to other land-use and land-cover change drivers. We find that practitioners perceive LSWS to impact biodiversity negatively but less so than other land-cover change drivers, including fossil fuels and agriculture. This highlights the need for increased attention to the role of practitioners in advancing renewable energy and biodiversity conservation.
Understanding the role of patient communication protocols in sexually transmissible infections point-of-care testing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in remote communities: a qualitative study
Authors: Monaghan Robert , Causer Louise , Ward James , Hengel Belinda , Smith Kirsty , Andrewartha Kelly , Fairley Christopher , Maher Lisa , Mak Donna , White Caitlyn , Leonard Jessica , Guy Rebecca , Lafferty Lise 
Published: February 2025

Background Untreated sexually transmissible infections (STIs) such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae can lead to serious health issues, including pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility in women, increased HIV risk, and emotional distress. Timely testing and treatment are crucial for reducing transmission. Australia’s STI Management Guidelines recommend regular STI testing every 6–12 months for sexually active individuals aged 15–35 years in high-prevalence, remote areas. However, testing uptake remains low among young Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. This analysis explores how healthcare providers engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in STI testing using point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with trained STI POC testing operators within the Test Treat ANd GO (TTANGO2) project. Seven clinics involved in TTANGO2 were selected for their ‘high’ and ‘low’ implementation of STI POC testing. Purposive sampling was used to recruit similar personnel from each of the selected clinics. Coding was informed by a patient communication protocol lens. Results Twenty healthcare personnel, including Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners (n = 8), Registered Nurses (n = 7), Coordinators (n = 2), and Clinical/Practice Managers (n = 3) participated. Key themes related to implementing STI POC testing focused on different stages of identified patient communication protocols, such as offering tests, providing follow-up results, and contact tracing. Concerns about shame and confidentiality were significant factors affecting patient communication protocols throughout the process. Conclusions Normalising sexual health discussions in healthcare settings helps reduce feelings of shame and stigma, further encouraging patient participation in sexual health services. Ensuring patient safety and offering culturally appropriate explanations of STI POC testing are essential to reduce barriers, such as shame and stigma. Culturally safe practices can increase patient engagement and provide opportunities for health education. Integrating STI POC testing into routine health care can help normalise testing and boost uptake. However, same-day results may still require patient follow-up to maintain confidentiality. Addressing external factors, such as accessibility, confidentiality, stigma reduction, and community engagement, is crucial for improving STI testing services.
Wavelength-selective security device with versatile image representation in a liquid crystal-based striped metasurface
Authors: Yu Jeong-Seon , Kim Yong-Hae , Hwang Chi-Sun , Kim Jong-Hyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce a novel method for generating arbitrary images using a striped antenna-type plasmonic metasurface integrated with liquid crystals. Unlike conventional approaches that rely on complex nanostructure design, this method does not require the design or fabrication of specific nanostructures tailored to individual images. The proposed metasurface features a striped structure with 16 distinct reflection characteristics, where plasmonic responses are selectively activated based on the polarization of the incident light. By controlling the polarization states via liquid crystals, the desired images can be realized with high flexibility. Additionally, the polarization- and wavelength-dependent reflection properties of these liquid crystal-based metasurfaces make them suitable for applications such as wavelength-selective security devices. This approach is expected to simplify the manufacturing process of optical devices utilizing metasurfaces and enable broader applications in dynamic and reconfigurable photonic technologies.&#xD;
Hybrid halide perovskite quantum dots for optoelectronics applications: Recent progress and perspective
Authors: Suhail Atif , Beniwal Shivang , Kumar Ramesh , Kumar Anjali , Bag Monojit 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nanotechnology has transformed optoelectronics through quantum dots (QDs), particularly metal halide perovskite QDs. Perovskite QDs boast high photoluminescent quantum yield, tuneable emission, and excellent defect tolerance without extensive passivation. Quantum confinement effects, which refer to the phenomenon where the motion of charge carriers is restricted to a small region, produce discrete energy levels and blue shifts in these materials. They are ideal for next-generation optoelectronic devices prized for superior optical properties, low cost, and straightforward synthesis. In this review, along with the fundamental physics behind the phenomenon, we have covered advances in synthesis methods such as hot injection, ligand-assisted reprecipitation, ultrasonication, solvothermal, and microwave-assisted that enable precise control over size, shape, and stability, enhancing their suitability for LEDs, lasers, and photodetectors. Challenges include lead toxicity and cost, necessitating research into alternative materials and scalable manufacturing. Furthermore, strategies like doping and surface passivation that improve stability and emission control are discussed comprehensively, and how Lead halide perovskites like CsPbBr3 undergo phase transitions with temperature, impacting device performance, are also investigated. We have explored various characterization techniques, providing insights into nanocrystal properties and behaviors in our study. This review highlights perovskite QDs' synthesis, physical and optoelectronic properties, and potential applications across diverse technologies.&#xD;
A dual-channel transferable model for cross-domain remaining useful life prediction of rolling bearings under uncertainty
Authors: Guo Junyu , song yuhang , Wang Zhiyuan , Chen Qingsong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of rolling bearings is a challenging task due to the complexity of time series data, inherent uncertainty in predictions, and domain shift between source and target datasets. To address these challenges, a parallel deep learning framework is proposed that integrates transfer learning and uncertainty quantification for RUL prediction. The framework combines AlexNet with the Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) and Transformer with a gated convolutional unit (GCU) to effectively extract degradation features from time series data. Additionally, Bayesian optimization is employed for hyperparameter tuning, reducing the need for manual adjustments, while a domain adaptation module addresses distribution differences between the source and target domains. Variational inference methods extend the model to a Bayesian deep neural network, providing confidence intervals for uncertainty quantification in RUL predictions. Experimental results on two rolling bearing datasets demonstrate that the proposed CANN-GT-BDA model outperforms state-of-the-art models in terms of predictive accuracy, offering a reliable and uncertainty-aware solution for industrial predictive maintenance.
Accelerating Hasegawa-Wakatani simulations with machine learning for out-of-distribution predictions
Authors: Artigues Victor , Greif Robin , Jenko Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Simulating plasma turbulence presents significant computational challenges due to the complex interplay of multi-scale dynamics. In this work, we investigate the use of convolutional neural networks to improve the efficiency of plasma turbulence simulations, focusing on the Hasegawa-Wakatani model. The networks are trained to learn the closure terms in large eddy simulations, providing a computationally cheaper alternative to the high-resolution numerical solvers for capturing the effects of high-frequency components. This study is the first to successfully apply machine learning to predict plasma behavior for adiabatic coefficients beyond the training range for the Hasegawa-Wakatani equations. We generate ground truth simulations for three values of the adiabatic coefficient ($C\in\{0.2, 1.0, 5.0\}$), and train our models on one, or two. The evaluation is then performed on the remaining values. The models generalize well and accurately predict the particle flux up to a factor $5$ outside the training range. Finally, we address a key challenge in machine-learning-accelerated plasma simulations—initialization—by starting simulations for previously unseen adiabatic coefficients $C$ with states from existing simulations at other known $C$ values. This approach removes the need for expensive direct numerical simulations for initialization while maintaining physical accuracy and a fast convergence rate. Overall, the results highlight the model's strong generalization capabilities and its potential for accelerating plasma turbulence simulations with more complex sets of parameters.
Calibration and signal processing methods used for densityprofile measurements from the developed FMCW Reflectometrysystem for Aditya-U tokamak.
Authors: Buch Janmejay Umeshbhai , Pathak Surya Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
FMCW reflectometry for measuring edge density profiles in two channels operating in 18-28 GHz&#xD;and 26-40 GHz frequency ranges have been established at IPR. The reflectometer was operated in&#xD;O-Mode with its horn antennae placed outside the vacuum vessel. The diagnostic was calibrated in&#xD;laboratory and also verified in-situ. A signal processing algorithm was developed to filter the noise&#xD;and frequencies other than those due to the plasma. An algorithm to remove amplitude variations&#xD;is used on the raw baseband signal after which the group delay is estimated using the spectrogram&#xD;technique. Bottolier-Curtet method is used for profile inversion after correcting the measured group&#xD;delay for contributions to it other than plasma. First ever measurements of edge density profiles on&#xD;Aditya-U tokamak are presented which show qualitative agreement with microwave Interferometer&#xD;diagnostic results.
Three-body electron attachment in humid air
Authors: Vialetto Luca , Hara Kentaro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Three-body attachment plays an important role in dry and humid air, &#xD;in which O2 and H2O are considered as a third body. This work reports quantitative validation of Monte Carlo simulations against recent experiments [J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 57, 125205 (2023)] for attachment processes due to slow electrons in humid air for a wide range of H2O mole fractions from 2% to 50%. &#xD;The simulation results are in excellent agreement with measurements of &#xD;density-normalized attachment coefficients in pulsed Townsend experiments, when Taniguchi's cross sections are used for three-body electron attachment. It is found from the Monte Carlo simulations that the magnitude of cross sections for electron attachment with H2O as a third body is a factor 7 higher in magnitude than the one for O2. This validation supports the use of Taniguchi's cross section for three-body electron attachment with O2 and H2O, within the Biagi's cross sections for air and H2O, for quantitative calculations of electron attachment in humid air.