bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in Photonic Crystal Research for Structural Color
Authors: Chen Hao , Wei Jingjiang , Pan Fei , Yuan Tianyu , Fang Yuanlai , Wang Qingyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStructural color is a remarkable physical phenomenon that exists widely in nature. Unlike traditional color rendering methods, they are realized mainly through micro/nanostructures that interfere, diffract, scatter light, and exhibit long‐life and environmental‐friendly color effects. In nature, a few organisms use their color‐changing system to transmit information, such as courtship, warning, or disguise. Meanwhile, some natural inorganic minerals can also exhibit structural colors. Learning from nature, scientists have achieved large‐scale structural color design and manufacturing technology for artificial photonic crystals. Photonic crystals have a unique microstructure that forms a band gap under the action of the periodic potential field, consequently causing Bragg scattering due to the periodic arrangement of different refractive index media within them. Because of the apparent photonic band gap and the ability to form local photons at crystal defects, photonic crystals have been extensively studied in recent years and have broad application prospects in photonic fibers, optical computers, chips, and other fields. In this review, the research, properties, and applications of photonic crystals in recent years are presented, as well as insight into the future developments of photonic crystals.
Accurate and Robust Wide‐Range Luminescent Microthermometer Based on ALD‐Encapsulated Ga2O3:Cr DBR Microcavities
Authors: Alonso‐Orts Manuel , Neelissen Ruben J. T. , Carrasco Daniel , Schowalter Marco , Rosenauer Andreas , Nogales Emilio , Méndez Bianchi , Eickhoff Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe high spatial resolution and contactless optical readout capabilities of luminescence thermometry offer significant advantages in numerous fields, including biomedicine, space exploration and optoelectronics. In addition, robust, reproducible, and accurate temperature measurements are essential in these areas. The ultra‐wide band gap semiconductor material Ga2O3 is a suitable host for optical sensing in harsh environments due to its high stability. In this work, the thermometric operation of Ga2O3:Cr‐based microcavities are evaluated. They are designed as follows: Ga2O3:Cr microwires are encapsulated in multilayers fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD), which act as both Bragg reflectors and protective layers for the thermometric sensor. Prior to the ALD encapsulation step, focused ion beam carved trenches at the microwire ends are necessary to accommodate the multilayer coating. The structural and optical properties of the devices are assessed experimentally, analytically and by simulations. The developed microthermometers can be easily calibrated using a cubic polynomial for the temperature‐dependent resonant peak position shift. A better than 0.5 °C temperature resolution and accuracy for temperatures above −80 °C is demonstrated. Additionally, the devices show robustness against excitation laser densities of at least 34 W mm−2, can operate at temperatures up to 600 °C and remain functional in liquids.
Enabling Fast Ionic Conductivity and Stable Interfaces of Composite Polymer Electrolytes by Incorporating Borohydride‐Oxide Dual Fillers for Solid State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zeng Shunqin , Ren Kaixiang , Ding Xiaoli , Li Hai‐Wen , Li Yongtao , Zhang Qingan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPoly ethylene oxide (PEO) composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) are one of the most promising candidates for all‐solid‐state batteries with high energy density, flexibility and safety. However, the applications of PEO with practicability have been refrained from its poor tensile strength, limited Li‐ion migration and ionic conductivity. In this work, the compact and stable flexible CPEs are prepared by PEO matrix with dual‐fillers of LiBH4 and Al2O3, where Al2O3 with Lewis acid sites can weaken the complexation of Li+ and PEO as well as enhance the dissociation of Li salts. Meanwhile LiBH4 acts as fast ion conductor to provide free Li+ at the interfaces between fillers and PEO. Benefiting from their synergistic effects, both ionic conductivity and interface stability between electrolyte and anode of CPEs are improved greatly while the lithium dendrites is also inhibited. As a result, the PEO/Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)/(4%LiBH4/4%γ‐Al2O3) CPEs exhibit a high ionic conductivity of 0.3 mS cm−1 and the Li‐Li symmetrical battery can cycle for 800 h at 60 °C.
Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates the Endometriosis Through Anti‐Inflammatory and Anti‐Proliferation Mechanisms In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Kim Miji , Park Wonhyoung , Kim Hee Seung , Park Soo Jin , Lim Whasun , Song Gwonhwa , Park Sunwoo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDimethyl fumarate is a widely known therapeutic agent with anti‐inflammatory properties for psoriasis and multiple sclerosis. Despite the current attempts to use dimethyl fumarate for treating various inflammatory diseases, its effects on endometriosis have not been previously reported. Endometriosis is a genital disease that causes various health problems in women, and treatment methods targeting the inflammatory environment are being attempted. Therefore, it is hypothesized that dimethyl fumarate has therapeutic effects on endometriosis through its anti‐inflammatory effects. Dimethyl fumarate exerted remarkable effects on cellular mechanisms, including reactive oxygen species production, activation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase signals, loss of mitochondrial function, and disruption of calcium ion homeostasis in the immortalized human ovarian endometrial stromal cells. In an endometriosis mouse model, dimethyl fumarate downregulated cell cycle‐related genes and induced inhibitory effects on endometriosis lesion growth. In particular, the immune cell population and expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, and IL‐10 are regulated by dimethyl fumarate. These results support its potential as a therapeutic agent to control the excessive inflammatory environment in patients with endometriosis. This study identifies for the first time that dimethyl fumarate, which is already in clinical use, can be used to treat endometriosis.
Open‐Source Tools for the Fabrication and Characterization of Organic Electronics
Authors: Butscher Julian F. , Kwon Seonil , Popczyk Anna , Gather Malte C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy promoting collaborative sharing of knowledge, the open‐source movement has catalyzed substantial progress across diverse fields, including software development and artificial intelligence. Similarly, the concept of openly shared hardware has gained attention, due to its cost‐effectiveness and the prospect of improved reproducibility. A major motivation for the development of organic electronics is its promise to deliver substantial advantages in price and manufacturability relative to its inorganic counterpart. Here, two open‐source tools for organic electronics are introduced: a dip‐coating device designed for thin film fabrication and a four‐point probe for precisely measuring the resistance of thin films. These tools only cost a fraction of comparable commercial devices and run with open‐source software to ensure a user‐friendly experience. A case study demonstrates the optimization of simple fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) using these open‐source tools achieving 4% external quantum efficiency (EQE). To characterize these OLEDs, a previously reported open‐source setup for accurate efficiency measurements is used. A substantial software upgrade to this setup, which speeds up the characterization of electroluminescence, is also repor. This work contributes open‐source hardware and software to the field of organic electronics, thereby lowering the entrance barrier to the field and fostering the involvement of scientists with diverse scientific backgrounds.
An efficient technology for dye intermediate production: Process intensification of catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitrocompounds in a rotating packed bed reactor
Authors: Zhang Xin , Zhou Cai‐Ji , Zheng Liang , Li Zi‐Lun , Sun Bao‐Chang , Chen Jian‐Feng , Luo Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rotating packed bed (RPB) is suitable for catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic nitrocompounds whose reaction rate is limited by the mass transfer rate. However, the matching mechanism between the mass transfer rate and intrinsic reaction rate in the RPB reactor is still unclear. In this work, the matching relationship in the RPB reactor is studied by combining the characteristics of mass transfer and reaction in detail. Effects of various operating conditions on the gas–liquid mass transfer coefficient up to 0.31/s, under working conditions were studied and the mass transfer correlation was proposed. The hydrogenation of p‐nitroanisole was used as a probe reaction to analyze the matching mechanism. Various aromatic nitrocompounds in the RPB and stirred tank reactors were investigated. The reaction efficiency of the former is 5–20 times that of the latter, which further explained the universality of the matching mechanism in the RPB reactor.
Visual acuity of the summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) captures spatial information relevant to dynamic camouflage at close range
Authors: Moreno Vanessa M. , Schweikert Lorian E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDynamic camouflage is the capacity to rapidly change skin color and pattern, often for the purpose of background‐matching camouflage. Summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) are demersal fish with an exceptional capacity for dynamic camouflage, but with eyes that face away from the substrate, it is unknown if this behavior is mediated by vision. Past studies have shown that summer flounder skin can match the pattern (i.e., spatial detail) of substrate with a high degree of precision, and for that to be achieved using sight, one testable assumption is that the resolution of vision must match the degree of detail produced in color‐change performance. To test this, approaches in morphology and behavior were used to estimate visual acuity, which is the capacity of the visual system to resolve static spatial detail. Using image processing techniques, we then compared the degree of spatial detail from a relevant substrate with what may be detectable by summer flounder spatial vision. The morphological and behavioral estimates of visual acuity were calculated as 3.62 cycles per degree (CPD) ± 0.8 (s.d.) and 4.06 CPD ± 0.4 (s.d.), respectively. These estimates fall within a range of acuities known among other flatfishes and appear adequate for detecting the spatial information needed for background‐matching camouflage, though only at close distances. These data provide new knowledge about summer flounder visual acuity and suggest the capacity of flounder vision to support dynamic camouflage of the skin.
Beyond head and wings: Unveiling influence of diet, body size, and phylogeny on the evolution of the femur in phyllostomid bats
Authors: Louzada Nathália Siqueira Veríssimo , Tavares William Corrêa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhyllostomidae, the most diverse family of Neotropical bats, encompass 230 species with varied dietary habits and food acquisition methods. Their feeding niche diversification has shaped skull and wing morphologies through natural selection, reflecting food processing and flight strategies. Yet, evolution of bat hindlimbs, especially in phyllostomids, remains little understood. Previous studies highlighted the femur's morphology as a key to understanding the evolution of quadrupedalism in yangochiropteran bats, including the adept walking observed in vampire bats (Desmodontinae). Here, we aimed to describe the femoral morphological variation in Phyllostomidae, correlating this with body size and assessing the effects of phylogenetic history, dietary habits, and hindlimb usage. Analyzing 15 femoral traits from 45 species across 9 subfamilies through phylogenetically informed methods, we discovered a significant phylogenetic structure in femoral morphology. Allometric analysis indicated that body mass accounts for about 85% of the variance in phyllostomid femoral size and about 11% in femoral shape. Relatively smaller femurs showed to be typical in Stenodermatinae, Lonchophyllinae, and Glossophaginae, in contrast to the larger femurs of Phyllostominae, Desmodontinae, Micronycterinae, and Lonchorrhininae. Furthermore, extensive femur shape variation was detected, with the most distinct morphologies in vampire bats, followed by frugivorous species. Adaptive evolutionary models related to diet more effectively explained variations in femoral relative size and shape than stochastic models. Contrary to the conventional belief of limited functional demand on bat femurs, our findings suggest that femoral morphology is significantly influenced by functional demands associated with diet and food capture, in addition to being partially structured by body size and shared evolutionary history.
Enhancement of Mass Transport in Catalyst Layers of HT‐PEMFC with Tetrafluorophenyl Phosphonic Acid Binder
Authors: Ma Zhuang , Niu Jianchun , Zhang Shuomeng , Zhang Jialin , Lu Shanfu , He Qinggang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe design and development of new and efficient catalyst binder materials are important for improving cell performance in high‐temperature proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (HT‐PEMFCs). In this study, a series of tetrafluorophenyl phosphonic acid−based binder materials (PF‐y‐P, y=1, 0.83, and 0.67) with rigid structures and controllable degrees of phosphonation were prepared and used in HT‐PEMFCs using the ultra‐strong acid‐catalyzed Friedel−Crafts reaction and the combined Michaelis−Arbuzov reaction. The samples exhibited high stability, low water uptake, superior proton conductivity, and cell performance. In addition, the oxygen mass transport properties of the PF‐1‐P binder were investigated using high‐temperature microelectrode electrochemical testing techniques. Compared with the phosphoric acid‐doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) binder, the O2 solubility of PF‐1‐P binder material increased by 30 % (5.36×10−6 mol cm−3) and the PF‐1‐P binder material exhibited better cell stability in HT‐PEMFCs. After 10.5 h of discharge at a constant current of 0.12 A cm−2, the MEA voltage decreased by 7.1 % and 20.8 % in case of the PF‐1‐P and PBI binders, respectively.
Development and validation of the polycultural identity scale
Authors: Virgona Ariane , Ruby Matthew B. , Kashima Emiko S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile globalisation brings opportunities for cultural enrichment, it may also present challenges as individuals attempt to make sense of and integrate fragmented and often conflicting cultural influences into a coherent self‐concept. A qualitative inquiry into contemporary Australians' cultural identity experiences indicated that some people perceive themselves as a product of multiple influences from diverse contacts and learnings, and they mix and reconcile these influences into their self‐concept. Building on this prior work, the current study developed and tested a new quantitative measure of polycultural identity. Using two diverse Australian samples (N = 301; N = 525) recruited from Prolific, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a single‐factor structure and a high Cronbach's α among the final 10 items. Correlational analyses revealed that, as expected, the Polycultural Identity Scale (PIS) was more strongly linked with the endorsement of polycultural ideology than multicultural ideology and was uncorrelated with colourblind ideology. Also, as expected, the PIS correlated moderately with generalised identity blendedness, interest in diverse contact and endorsement of global citizenship but not with identity compartmentalisation or generalised identity harmony. The PIS has the potential to provide valuable insights into the dynamics of multifaceted cultural identity and how individuals organise and synthesise a breadth of cultural influences into a meaningful self‐concept.
ABCC2 induces metabolic vulnerability and cellular ferroptosis via enhanced glutathione efflux in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Yiding , Gan Xuejun , Cheng Xiaojing , Jia Yongning , Wang Gangjian , Tang Xiaohuan , Du Hong , Li Xiaomei , Liu Xijuan , Xing Xiaofang , Ji Jiafu , Li Ziyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough it is traditionally believed that ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) is a multidrug resistance‐associated protein correlated with a worse prognosis, our previous and several other studies demonstrated the contrary to be true in gastric cancer (GC). We aim to explore the underlying mechanism of this discovery.MethodsOur study utilized whole‐exome sequencing (WES), RNA sequencing, and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) analysis of 80 gastric cancer samples, along with comprehensive immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of 1044 human GC tissue samples.By utilizing CRISPRCas9 to genetically modify cell lines with the ABCC2‐24C > T (rs717620) point mutation and conducting dual‐luciferase reporter assays, we identified that transcription factors SOX9 and ETS1 serve as negative regulators of ABCC2 expression. Seahorse assay and mass spectrometry were used to discover altered metabolic patterns. Gain and loss‐of‐function experiments in GC cell lines and preclinical models were carried out to validate ABCC2 biological function.ResultsABCC2 high expression correlated with better prognosis, and rs717620 can influence ABCC2 expression by disrupting the binding of ETS1 and SOX9. Gain and loss‐of‐function experiments in GC cell lines demonstrated amino acid deprivation reduces proliferation, migration, and drug resistance in ABCC2‐high GC cells. ABCC2 leads to reduced intracellular amino acid pools and disruption of cellular energy metabolism. This phenomenon depended on ABCC2‐mediated GSH extrusion, resulting in alterations in redox status, thereby increasing the cell's susceptibility to ferroptosis. Furthermore, patient‐derived organoids and patient‐derived tumor‐like cell clusters were used to observe impact of ABCC2 on therapeutic effect. In the xenograft model with high ABCC2 expression, we observed that constricting amino acid intake in conjunction with GPX4 inactivation resulted in notable tumor regression.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a significant role of ABCC2 in amino acid metabolism and ferroptosis by mediating GSH efflux in GC. This discovery underlines the potential of combining multiple ferroptosis targets as a promising therapeutic strategy for GC with high ABCC2 expression.Highlights
ABCC2 plays a crucial role in inducing metabolic vulnerability and ferroptosis in gastric cancer through enhanced glutathione efflux.
The ABCC2 24C > T polymorphism is a key factor influencing its expression.
These results highlight the potential of ABCC2 as a predictive biomarker and therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
Structural, Functional, and Bioactive Properties of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Skipjack Tuna Skin as a Function of Drying Techniques
Authors: Naghdi Shahab , Rezaei Masoud , Alboofetileh Mehdi , Tabarsa Mehdi , Abdollahi Mehdi , Moghaddam Jamshid Amiri 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the impact of various drying techniques on the quality of sulfated polysaccharides (SP) extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) skin. Three drying methods, namely microwave drying (M‐KPP), freeze‐drying (F‐KPP), and hot air drying (HA‐KPP), are examined. The chemical and monosaccharide compositions of SP are significantly affected by the drying methods. The extraction yields for M‐KPP, F‐KPP, and HA‐KPP are 3.30%, 3.11%, and 2.50%, respectively (P < 0.05). Additionally, HA‐KPP, with 10.67% moisture content, exhibits the lowest moisture level among the dried samples (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the structural properties of SP remain consistent across different drying methods, as indicated by FTIR, XRD, and DSC analyses. F‐KPP demonstrates the highest antioxidant properties. The functional and antimicrobial activities of SP are significantly influenced by the drying technique, with hot air drying resulting in increased foaming capacity and microwave drying showing enhanced antimicrobial activity. In conclusion, the findings demonstrate that the functionality and bioactivity of SP from tuna skin are greatly influenced by the drying technique employed, suggesting that the selection of the optimal method should be tailored to the desired properties of the SPs and given careful consideration.
Population‐based in silico modeling of anatomical shape variation of the knee and its impact on joint loading in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Willems Miel , Killen Bryce A. , Di Raimondo Giacomo , Van Dijck Christophe , Havashinezhadian Sara , Turcot Katia , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnatomical knee joint features and osteoarthritis (OA) severity are associated, however confirming causals link to altered knee loading is challenging. This study leverages statistical shape models (SSM) to investigate the relationship between joint shape/alignment and knee loading during gait in knee OA (KOA) patients to understand their contribution to elevated medial knee loading in OA. Musculoskeletal (MSK) models were created for the mean as well as the first eight SSM principal modes of variation (−3,−2,−1, +1, +2, +3 standard deviations for each mode) and used as input to a MSK modeling framework. Using an identical KOA gait pattern (i.e., joint kinematics and ground reaction forces), we ran simulations for each MSK model and evaluated medial compartment loading magnitude and contact distribution at the instant of first and second peak of knee joint loading. An increase in external rotation, posterior tibia translation and a decrease in medial joint space and medial femoral condylar size predisposed the medial compartment knee joint to overloading during gait. This was coupled with an anterior and medial shift in contact location with increasing external rotated tibial position and increasing posterior tibial translation with respect to the femur. Next, results also highlighted a posterior shift of the medial compartment loading location with decreasing medial joint space. This study provides important population‐based insights on how knee shape and alignment predispose individuals with KOA to elevated medial compartmental knee loading. This information can be crucial in assessing the risk for medial KOA development and progression.
Financial analysis of rural tourism in Catalonia and Galicia pre‐ and post COVID‐19
Authors: Saus‐Sala Elisabet , Farreras‐Noguer M. Àngels , Arimany‐Serrat Núria , Coenders Germà 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyses the financial health of Catalan and Galician rural tourism businesses between 2019 and 2021 by examining their profitability and solvency, in order to assess their survivability over the period affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic. To this end, we classify firms into groups with similar financial health. The article uses accounting data from the SABI (Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System) database and the Compositional Data (CoDa) methodology, which offers a reliable analysis of sectoral financial statements, and is immune to the statistical problems of classical ratios (skewness, non‐normality, non‐linearity, and outliers, among others). The classification with the k‐means method reveals three groups with distinct financial profiles. None have a positive return on equity. One cluster is under special financial distress, with high indebtedness, low liquidity and an extremely negative margin. The size of this cluster increases during the 2020 lockdown but returns to normal in 2021.