bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Allylation of Selected ortho‐Substituted Benzaldehydes: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hessler Filip , Betík Robert , Kadlčíková Aneta , Belle Roman , Kotora Martin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report a systematic study of the allylation of ortho‐substituted benzaldehydes under catalysis of a Lewis base (N,N‐dioxide), a Lewis acid (Keck allylation), and a Brønsted acid. ortho‐Halobenzaldehydes were used as the aldehydic substrates, and special attention was paid to ortho‐vinyl and alkynyl benzaldehydes, which might serve as interesting synthons for the preparation of more complex chiral compounds. Similar enantioselectivities were achieved under catalytic conditions. In the case of ortho‐halobenzaldehydes, Lewis base catalysis proved to be more efficient, and the highest asymmetric induction for allylation of ortho‐fluorobenzaldehyde reached 82 % ee, which is comparable to other used catalytic conditions. In cases of ortho‐vinylbenzaldehyde, the Keck allylation provided the product in 88 % ee. An enantioenriched homoallylic alcohol was used as the starting material for the synthesis of a sertraline intermediate.
Tunnel spoil as a source of raw materials for an autobahn – Sustainable reuse of resources through the example of the S 10 / Tunnelausbruch als Rohstoffquelle für eine Autobahn – Nachhaltige Ressourcenverwertung am Beispiel der S 10
Authors: Mlinar Christian , Sempelmann Franz , Koch Gerhard , Steiner Michael , Kubin Florian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe construction of autobahns and dual‐carriageway roads is only possible with considerable use of resources and visible encroachment in the environment and landscape. The ASFINAG is aware of their responsibility for this, so modern and resource‐saving construction materials and methods are being used for the new building of federal roads. This also includes the intention to balance masses on the overall project and the best quality management of tunnel spoil. A good collaboration of technical design and environmental design with clarification of the potential for material recycling and the necessary approvals are preconditions for sustainable materials management. Nevertheless, the implementation of major projects like the S 10 Mühlviertler Schnellstraße (S 10) is faced with challenging conditions, which complicate efficient and sustainable handling of materials.Der Bau von Autobahnen und Schnellstraßen ist nur mit beträchtlichem Ressourceneinsatz und sichtbaren Eingriffen in Umwelt und Landschaft zu realisieren. Die ASFINAG ist sich der damit verbundenen Verantwortung bewusst. Daher werden beim Neubau von Bundesstraßen moderne und ressourcenschonende Baustoffe und Bauweisen eingesetzt. Dazu zählen auch das Bestreben nach einem Massenausgleich im Gesamtprojekt und die möglichst hochwertige Bewirtschaftung von Tunnelausbruchmaterial. Das gute Zusammenspiel aus technischer Planung, Umweltplanung, Klärung von Möglichkeiten der Materialverwertung und der rechtzeitigen Erwirkung von dazu erforderlichen Genehmigungen ist eine Grundvoraussetzung für eine nachhaltige Materialbewirtschaftung. Dennoch ist man bei der Realisierung von Großbauvorhaben wie der S 10 Mühlviertler Schnellstraße (S 10) mit herausfordernden Rahmenbedingungen konfrontiert, die eine effiziente und nachhaltige Materialverwertung erschweren.
Aquaporin‐9 is expressed in rat Sertoli cells and interacts with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
Authors: Jesus Tito T. , Bernardino Raquel L. , Martins Ana D. , Sá Rosália , Sousa Mário , Alves Marco G. , Oliveira Pedro F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMen with mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are usually subfertile/infertile. Besides playing a role in Cl−/HCO3− transport, it has been proposed that CFTR interacts with water membrane transport systems, particularly aquaporins, to control seminiferous tubular secretion, which is regulated by the somatic Sertoli cells (SCs). As aquaporin‐9 (AQP9) is highly expressed throughout the male reproductive tract, we hypothesized that it is also present in rat SCs and that it physically interacts with CFTR. To test this hypothesis, primary cultures of rat SCs were established, and expression of CFTR and AQP9 was assessed by RT‐polymerase chain reactions (mRNA) and Western blot analysis (protein). A coimmunoprecipitation assay was used to evaluate the physical interaction between CFTR and AQP9. Our results show that CFTR and AQP9 are expressed in rat SCs. We were also able to detect a molecular interaction between CFTR and AQP9 in rat SCs. This is the first report describing the presence of AQP9, and its interaction with CFTR, in rat SCs. Moreover, our results provide evidence that CFTR is involved in water homeostasis of the seminiferous tubular secretion. These mechanisms may open new insights on therapeutic targets to counteract subfertility/infertility in men with cystic fibrosis and mutations in the CFTR gene. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(9):639–644, 2014
An “Afterthought”: Counseling Trainees’ Multicultural Competence Within the Spiritual/Religious Domain
Authors: Magaldi‐Dopman Danielle 
Published: October 2014

Although spiritual/religious identity development is included within multicultural training on the theoretical level, significant gaps exist in counseling trainees’ practical preparation for spiritual/religious competence. This grounded theory study explores counseling trainees’ multicultural counseling competence within the spiritual/religious domain. Findings reveal that although trainees participated in multicultural counseling preparation, they experienced spiritual/religious training as an “afterthought,” and they identified the need for training opportunities that encouraged skill development and exploration and increased self‐awareness.A pesar de que se incluye el desarrollo de la identidad espiritual o religiosa a nivel teórico en la formación multicultural, existen vacíos significativos en la preparación práctica de los estudiantes de consejería para su competencia espiritual o religiosa. Este estudio de teoría fundamentada explora la competencia multicultural de estudiantes de consejería dentro del ámbito espiritual o religioso. Los hallazgos revelan que, aunque los estudiantes tomaron parte en preparación para consejería multicultural, solo experimentaron capacitación espiritual o religiosa como una idea secundaria, e identificaron la necesidad de oportunidades de formación que impulsen la exploración y el desarrollo de habilidades así como un aumento de la autoconciencia.
Population average T2 MRI maps reveal quantitative regional transformations in the degenerating rabbit intervertebral disc that vary by lumbar level
Authors: Martin John T. , Collins Christopher M. , Ikuta Kensuke , Mauck Robert L. , Elliott Dawn M. , Zhang Yeija , Anderson D. Greg , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Albert Todd J. , Arlet Vincent , Smith Harvey E. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with T2‐weighting is routinely performed to assess intervertebral disc degeneration. Standard clinical evaluations of MR images are qualitative, however, and do not focus on region‐specific alterations in the disc. Utilizing a rabbit needle puncture model, T2 mapping was performed on injured discs to develop a quantitative description of the degenerative process following puncture. To do so, an 18G needle was inserted into four discs per rabbit (L3/L4 to L6/L7) and T2 maps were generated pre‐ and 4 weeks post‐injury. Individual T2 maps were normalized to a disc‐specific coordinate system and then averaged for pre‐ and post‐injury population composite T2 maps. We also developed a method to automatically segment the nucleus pulposus by fitting the NP region of the T2 maps with modified 2‐D and 3‐D Gaussian distribution functions. Puncture injury produced alterations in MR signal intensity in a region‐specific manner mirroring human degeneration. Population average T2 maps provided a quantitative representation of the injury response, and identified deviations of individual degenerate discs from the pre‐injury population. We found that the response to standardized injury was modest at lower lumbar levels, likely as a result of increased disc dimensions. These tools will be valuable for the quantitative characterization of disc degeneration in future clinical and pre‐clinical studies. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:140–148, 2015.
Stomatal uptake of mineral particles from a sprayed suspension containing an organosilicone surfactant
Authors: Kaiser Hartmut 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSuspensions of insoluble particles are available on the market for foliar fertilizers. The question whether uptake of particles into the leaf interior is possible is under debate. The present study examines stomatal uptake of mineral particles into leaves of Avena sativa after spraying an aqueous suspension of calcium carbonate particles. By choosing a plant species with large stomata, confirming wide open stomata at the time of spraying and using a “super spreading” organosilicone surfactant, conditions were optimized for stomatal uptake. Scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examination confirmed particles in the intercellular spaces mostly in the vicinity of stomata. The number and size of particles was larger if leaves were treated with wide open than with closed stomata. The chemical identity of the particles was examined with electron‐dispersive x‐ray spectrography (EDX), confirming the presence of calcium carbonate particles among other particles of unknown origin. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for surfactant‐assisted stomatal uptake of mineral particles from sprayed suspensions in species with large stomata under specific conditions favoring stomatal uptake.
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus chemotherapy for gastric cancer: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Dai Qiang , Jiang Lei , Lin Rui‐Jiang , Wei Kong‐kong , Gan Liang‐Liang , Deng Cheng‐Hui , Guan Quan‐Lin 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) versus chemotherapy (CT) for patients with gastric cancer.MethodsElectronic databases including PUBMED, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were retrieved for original studies from their inception to April 2014. Two reviewers independently evaluated the quality of the included studies and extracted the data. All Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan Version 5.2 software.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials involving 1,171 patients were included. The meta‐analysis showed that there were statistical significances between chemoradiotherapy group and chemotherapy group in 5‐year disease free survival rate (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09–2.24), local‐regional recurrence rate (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.32–0.67) and neutropenia (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11–1.96). While treatment efficacy did not differ significantly by the 5‐year overall survival rate (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.92–1.88), 3‐year disease free survival rate (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 0.92–1.80), and new metastases (OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.03). Toxicities were not significantly different between two groups for nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, and thrombocytopenia.ConclusionsFor patients with gastric cancer, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy could significantly improve 5‐year disease free survival rate and reduce local‐regional recurrence rate compared with chemotherapy and, can be well accepted and tolerated. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:277–284. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment of an immortalized laryngeal posterior commissure cell line as a tool for reflux research
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyuk , Samuels Tina , Bock Jonathan M. , Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: October 2014

Objectives/HypothesisLaryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) has been implicated as a promoter of laryngeal cancer. Within the larynx, the posterior commissure (PC) is the region that usually comes into direct contact with refluxed materials. Specific laryngeal cell lines useful for in vitro studies are not widely available, and noncancer‐derived PC laryngeal cell line has not yet been described.Study DesignExperimental study.MethodsSpecimens of squamous epithelium from the PC of the larynx were collected from patients without a history or evidence of laryngeal inflammatory or neoplastic diseases. Harvested tissue was cultured and then immortalized by transduction with human papillomavirus E6/E7‐encoding lentivirus. PC primary and transformed cells were characterized by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.ResultsPrimary cultures established from PC contained < 5% fibroblasts and displayed normal epithelial cell morphology and cytokeratin expression. These cells survived nine passages in culture. Following lentiviral‐mediated immortalization, cells retained normal squamous epithelial morphology and survived > 20 passages in culture. Methods were optimized for culture of PC laryngeal epithelial cells, resulting in 90% success rate of culture.ConclusionA novel immortalized PC laryngeal epithelial cell line has been established. This cell line provides a unique tool for investigating the mechanism of LPR in the development and progression of laryngeal cancer.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:E73–E77, 2015
Improving the efficiency of large scale topology optimization through on‐the‐fly reduced order model construction
Authors: Gogu Christian 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYTopology optimization of large scale structures is computationally expensive, notably because of the cost of solving the equilibrium equations at each iteration. Reduced order models by projection, also known as reduced basis models, have been proposed in the past for alleviating this cost. We propose here a new method for coupling reduced basis models with topology optimization to improve the efficiency of topology optimization of large scale structures. The novel approach is based on constructing the reduced basis on the fly, using previously calculated solutions of the equilibrium equations. The reduced basis is thus adaptively constructed and enriched, based on the convergence behavior of the topology optimization. A direct approach and an approach with adjusted sensitivities are described, and their algorithms provided. The approaches are tested and compared on various 2D and 3D minimum compliance topology optimization benchmark problems. Computational cost savings by up to a factor of 12 are demonstrated using the proposed methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrative review of the characteristics of meaningful learning in healthcare professionals to enlighten educational practices in health care
Authors: Cadorin Lucia , Bagnasco Annamaria , Rocco Gennaro , Sasso Loredana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimKnowledge does not transfer automatically, but requires an active, personal progress through meaningful learning. As posited by the constructivist paradigm, the aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of meaningful learning by analysing definitions and correlated methods found in the literature.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsArticles were sought on MEDLINE, CINAHL and SCOPUS; no language, time or study‐design restrictions were adopted. Only papers referring explicitly to the diverse types of learning were taken into account; 11 articles were included in this review.ResultsFindings from the literature revealed three different types of meaningful learning: (1) meaningful learning as ‘active building‐up process’; (2) meaningful learning as ‘change’; 3‐meaningful learning as ‘outcome of experience’. A focus on constructivism and meaningful learning provides a new outlook on healthcare professionals in learning, including nurses, who are gradually taking on greater responsibility in self‐ and ongoing education.
Loss of Rad51c accelerates tumourigenesis in sebaceous glands of Trp53‐mutant mice
Authors: Tumiati Manuela , Hemmes Annabrita , Uusivirta Sanna , Koopal Sonja , Kankainen Matti , Lehtonen Eero , Kuznetsov Sergey G 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGermline mutations in RAD51C predispose to breast and ovarian cancers. However, the mechanism of RAD51C‐mediated carcinogenesis is poorly understood. We previously reported a first‐generation Rad51c‐knock‐out mouse model, in which a spontaneous loss of both Rad51c and Trp53 together resulted in a high incidence of sebaceous carcinomas, particularly in preputial glands. Here we describe a second‐generation mouse model, in which Rad51c is deleted, alone or together with Trp53, in sebaceous glands, using Cre‐mediated recombination. We demonstrate that deletion of Rad51c alone is not sufficient to drive tumourigenesis and may only cause keratinization of preputial sebocytes. However, deletion of Rad51c together with Trp53 leads to tumour development at around 6 months of age, compared to 11 months for single Trp53‐mutant mice. Preputial glands of double‐mutant mice are also characterized by increased levels of cell proliferation and DNA damage and form multiple hyperplasias, detectable as early as 2 months of age. Our results reveal a critical synergy between Rad51c and Trp53 in tumour progression and provide a predictable in vivo model system for studying mechanisms of Rad51c‐mediated carcinogenesis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving to Assessment‐Guided Differentiated Instruction to Support Young Children's Alphabet Knowledge
Authors: Piasta Shayne B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEarly childhood educators are increasingly asked to support the alphabet knowledge development of children enrolled in their classrooms. Children in the same classroom, however, often show vastly different alphabet learning needs. Moreover, recent research suggests that some letters are more difficult to learn. These facts run counter to one‐size‐fits‐all whole‐class instructional approaches, which typically provide the same instruction to all children and for all letters. The purpose of this article is to encourage early childhood educators to move beyond whole‐class approaches and instead provide alphabet instruction that is aligned with current emphases on assessment‐driven decision making and differentiated instruction. The article reviews the importance of alphabet knowledge with respect to theory, research, and the current educational context, summarizes recent research concerning children's alphabet knowledge development, and provides a framework in which assessment guides differentiated alphabet instruction, along with empirically‐validated practices for such instruction.
Volume of intracranial structures on three‐dimensional ultrasound in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Zeng S. , Zhou Q. C. , Zhou J. W. , Li M. , Long C. , Peng Q. H. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the volume of intracranial structures in fetuses with congenital heart disease (CHD).MethodsTotal intracranial volume, frontal lobes volume, thalamus volume and cerebellar volume were prospectively evaluated and compared in 73 fetuses with CHD and 168 normal fetuses using three‐dimensional ultrasound combined with post‐processing software at 20 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation. Multiple regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for reduced volume of intracranial structures.ResultsFrom the 28th week of gestation onwards, total brain volumes and those of specific structures became progressively smaller in fetuses with CHD relative to those in controls (P < 0.05). The decrease was largest in frontal lobes volume, followed by total intracranial volume and cerebellar volume, and the smallest decrease was in thalamus volume (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the diagnostic category (P < 0.001) was independently associated with smaller brain volumes in fetuses with CHD. The largest differences from controls occurred in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), followed by aortic hypoplasia, transposition of the great arteries (TGA) and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).ConclusionsThe volume of intracranial structures is smaller in fetuses with CHD, particularly in those with HLHS, aortic hypoplasia or TGA. This study highlights the need for routine brain screening and early intervention to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in fetuses with CHD. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
How can we measure bladder volumes in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse?
Authors: Cassadó J. , Espuña‐Pons M. , Díaz‐Cuervo H. , Rebollo P. ,   on behalf of the GISPEM Group
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare bladder volumes determined by three different formulae using measurements obtained from two‐dimensional translabial ultrasound (2D‐US), with true bladder volumes, in women with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsThis was a prospective observational multicenter study of consecutive women on the waiting list for prolapse surgery in 24 gynecology departments. All women had a symptomatic genital prolapse Stage 2 or higher according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification System (POP‐Q). Bladder volumes were calculated before and after spontaneous voiding by 2D‐US, and true bladder volumes were determined by micturition and catheterization. Volumes determined by US were calculated using three formulae (Haylen, Dietz and Dicuio). Correlation was calculated between the volume determined by US measurement before micturition and the true volume, and also between the volume determined by US measurements after micturition and the true volume. Correlations (Spearman's rho) and concordance (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)) were estimated for each of the three formulae considered.ResultsOne‐hundred and eighty‐six women with POP were included in the study. A total of 349 bladder volumes (186 before micturition and 163 after micturition) were obtained. Good correlation (rho, 0.818–0.849) and concordance (ICC, 0.827–0.898) were found between total measured volume (volume of spontaneous bladder voiding + volume obtained from catheterization) and the volume determined by US using the three different formulae, as well as between the post‐void residual volume measured by catheterization and the post‐void volume calculated by US using the three formulae (rho, 0.739–0.777; ICC, 0.840–0.877).ConclusionsBladder volumes in women with advanced POP can be measured easily by 2D‐US. Volumes determined using the three different formulae show good correlations and concordance with true bladder volume. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.