bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake and Ventilation–Perfusion Mismatch in the Early Stage of Experimental Acute Smoke Inhalation
Authors: Musch Guido , Winkler Tilo , Harris R. Scott , Vidal Melo Marcos F. , Wellman Tyler J. , de Prost Nicolas , Kradin Richard L. , Venegas Jose G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background:
Acute lung injury occurs in a third of patients with smoke inhalation injury. Its clinical manifestations usually do not appear until 48–72 h after inhalation. Identifying inflammatory changes that occur in pulmonary parenchyma earlier than that could provide insight into the pathogenesis of smoke-induced acute lung injury. Furthermore, noninvasive measurement of such changes might lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. Because glucose is the main source of energy for pulmonary inflammatory cells, the authors hypothesized that its pulmonary metabolism is increased shortly after smoke inhalation, when classic manifestations of acute lung injury are not yet expected.

Methods:
In five sheep, the authors induced unilateral injury with 48 breaths of cotton smoke while the contralateral lung served as control. The authors used positron emission tomography with: (1) [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose to measure metabolic activity of pulmonary inflammatory cells; and (2) [13N]nitrogen in saline to measure shunt and ventilation–perfusion distributions separately in the smoke-exposed and control lungs.

Results:
The pulmonary [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake rate was increased at 4 h after smoke inhalation (mean ± SD: 0.0031 ± 0.0013 vs. 0.0026 ± 0.0010 min−1; P < 0.05) mainly as a result of increased glucose phosphorylation. At this stage, there was no worsening in lung aeration or shunt. However, there was a shift of perfusion toward units with lower ventilation-to-perfusion ratio (mean ratio ± SD: 0.82 ± 0.10 vs. 1.12 ± 0.02; P < 0.05) and increased heterogeneity of the ventilation–perfusion distribution (mean ± SD: 0.21 ± 0.07 vs. 0.13 ± 0.01; P < 0 .05).

Conclusion:
Using noninvasive imaging, the authors demonstrated that increased pulmonary [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and ventilation–perfusion mismatch occur early after smoke inhalation.
Water Uptake along the Length of Grapevine Fine Roots: Developmental Anatomy, Tissue-Specific Aquaporin Expression, and Pathways of Water Transport
Authors: Gambetta Gregory A. , Fei Jiong , Rost Thomas L. , Knipfer Thorsten , Matthews Mark A. , Shackel Ken A. , Walker M. Andrew , McElrone Andrew J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
To better understand water uptake patterns in root systems of woody perennial crops, we detailed the developmental anatomy and hydraulic physiology along the length of grapevine (Vitis berlandieri × Vitis rupestris) fine roots from the tip to secondary growth zones. Our characterization included the localization of suberized structures and aquaporin gene expression and the determination of hydraulic conductivity (Lp r) and aquaporin protein activity (via chemical inhibition) in different root zones under both osmotic and hydrostatic pressure gradients. Tissue-specific messenger RNA levels of the plasma membrane aquaporin isogenes (VvPIPs) were quantified using laser-capture microdissection and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results highlight dramatic changes in structure and function along the length of grapevine fine roots. Although the root tip lacked suberization altogether, a suberized exodermis and endodermis developed in the maturation zone, which gave way to the secondary growth zone containing a multilayer suberized periderm. Longitudinally, VvPIP isogenes exhibited strong peaks of expression in the root tip that decreased precipitously along the root length in a pattern similar to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots. In the radial orientation, expression was always greatest in interior tissues (i.e. stele, endodermis, and/or vascular tissues) for all root zones. High Lp r and aquaporin protein activity were associated with peak VvPIP expression levels in the root tip. This suggests that aquaporins play a limited role in controlling water uptake in secondary growth zones, which contradicts existing theoretical predictions. Despite having significantly lower Lp r, woody roots can constitute the vast majority of the root system surface area in mature vines and thus provide for significant water uptake potential.
Service user satisfaction with individual psychotherapy for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Munir Khan Mahbub , Beail Nigel 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– Psychological therapies are increasingly being made available to adults with intellectual disabilities. However, little is known about service user satisfaction with this type of intervention. The aim was to ascertain quantitative and qualitative data on user satisfaction with the psychological therapy they had received.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 20 recipients of psychological therapy completed the Satisfaction with Therapy and Therapist Scale – Revised (STTS-R; Oei and Shuttleword, 1999) and the Experience of Service Questionnaire (Commission for Health Improvement, 2002). The scales were adapted for language and administered in an assisted completion format by an independent researcher after a course of psychological therapy had been completed. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data and thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data.Findings– Generally, recipients were highly satisfied with their therapist and the therapy they received.Originality/value– The results confirm previous findings from two small-scale qualitative studies. Service user satisfaction is a key quality outcome measure and can be collated in routine practice for people with intellectual disabilities. The collation of qualitative responses in addition to quantitative measures is important to enable the expression of dissatisfaction and greater detail in order to inform service improvement.
Nutritional status, self-identification as a traditional food consumer and motives for food choice in six European countries
Authors: Pieniak Zuzanna , Perez-Cueto Federico , Verbeke Wim 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The aim of the study is to analyse whether self-identifying as a traditional food consumer is associated with obesity or overweight, and to investigate the motives for consuming traditional food among people with normal weight, overweight and obesity.

Design/methodology/approach
– Cross-sectional data were collected through a pan-European consumer survey (n=4,828) with samples representative for age, gender and region in Belgium, France, Italy, Norway, Poland and Spain. Data analyses included multivariate logistic regressions and a multi-group structural equation modelling analysis.

Findings
– Individuals with overweight or obesity attach more importance to weight control when purchasing food, and tend to self-identify themselves more as consumers of traditional foods. Among individuals with obesity, importance attached to the natural content of food is directly associated with traditional food consumption, and importance attached to sensory appeal in food choice is indirectly associated with self-identification as a traditional food consumer. Among individuals with normal weight, importance attached to healthiness in food choice associates negatively with self-identification as a traditional food consumer.

Originality/value
– This study provides a unique approach for testing the motives for consuming traditional food among people with different nutritional status, particularly with normal weight, overweight and obesity. The strength of this paper pertains further to its international scope and large representative data set.
Purchase of branded commodity food products: empirical evidence from India
Authors: Mohan Kathuria Lalit , Gill Paramjeet 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The study was conducted with the aim of understanding brand awareness among consumers and analyzing the attitude of consumers towards selected branded commodity food products. An attempt was also made to examine the factors influencing the purchase of selected branded commodity food products.

Design/methodology/approach
– The products selected for the study were branded rice and branded sugar. A sample of 200 respondents was selected from different localities of a city in India.

Findings
– Major sources of awareness, for branded rice and branded sugar, are friends/relatives/reference groups, point-of-purchase display, and retailer's recommendations. Respondents perceive free from adulterants, free from insecticides/pesticides/harmful chemicals and social status as the most important parameters of branded rice and branded sugar. The most important factors influencing the purchase of branded rice and branded sugar were found to be flavor, aroma, free from insecticides or pesticides and free from adulterants.

Research limitations/implications
– Further studies can be conducted with a larger sample size. Importance of brand equity with respect to commodity products can be analyzed.

Practical implications
– Marketers could frame strategies for different market segments based on demographics. Brand awareness needs to be given adequate focus by the marketers.

Originality/value
– This paper has made an attempt to study purchase behaviour with respect to commodity products. Not many studies have been undertaken to analyze brand awareness, and consumers' attitudes towards branded commodity food products in developing countries like India.
Techno-managerial factors related to food safety management system in food businesses
Authors: Milios Kostas , E. Zoiopoulos Pantelis , Pantouvakis Angelos , Mataragas Marios , H. Drosinos Eleftherios 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The aim of this study is to evaluate the food safety management system (HACCP – type system) implemented in Greek food businesses, examine the techno-managerial factors influencing its application according to enterprises' opinion and correlate these answers to the HACCP evaluation results.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study involved 33 slaughterhouses located throughout Greece. Two types of questionnaires were used (IF questionnaire – for the influencing factors and HE questionnaire – for HACCP evaluation). Reliability or item analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data obtained from the survey.

Findings
– The results showed that the companies identifying the benefits of HACCP implementation as very important have fully understood possible problems and had the best results as regards HACCP evaluation. Companies not identifying the benefits as important had poor score in HACCP evaluation. Businesses with HACCP certification for longer periods and especially those that were certified according to more than one standard had better performance in HACCP evaluation. In addition, slaughterhouses involved in rearing of animals as well, especially those slaughtering only one animal species, and which do not provide services for others, seem to have better performance as regards HACCP evaluation.

Originality/value
– The findings of this study correlate the results of the HACCP evaluation with the factors that affect the implementation of a food safety management system using the hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) statistical technique.
Finite element design of CNT-based multilayer absorbers
Authors: d'Elia Ugo , Pelosi Giuseppe , Selleri Stefano , Taddei Ruggero 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– A design procedure for multi-layer absorbers based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) frequency selective surfaces (FSS) sheets is here developed. The paper aims to discuss there issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Single layer FSS are first analyzed via finite element (FE). Then equivalent sheets admittances are extracted in a transmission line model. Neural networks (NNs) interpolation over this data and subsequent multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) based optimizations are then performed to design multiple layers absorbing structures. Designs are finally validated via full wave FEM simulations.

Findings
– In this paper, some absorbing structures made of three or four FSS sheets with total thicknesses around 6 mm are synthesized.

Research limitations/implications
– NNs' accuracy used in the equivalent model can be refined with further training.

Practical implications
– Low profile absorbing materials are of relevant industrial interest both for radar cloaking and anechoic chambers.

Originality/value
– The transmission line model combined with NNs and GA optimization is capable of speeding up the design procedure with respect to a conventional full-wave FEM approach.
On the evaluation of input impedance and transient impedance for grounding electrodes using antenna theory
Authors: Cavka Damir , Poljak Dragan 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a fast, accurate and efficient algorithm for assessment of input impedance and consequently the evaluation of transient impedance of the grounding electrode.

Design/methodology/approach
– The mathematical model is based on the thin wire antenna theory and related Pocklington integro-differential equation in the frequency domain, which is numerically treated via Galerkin-Bubnov variant of the indirect boundary element method (GB-IBEM). Two different approaches, scattered voltage method (ScVM) and induced electromotive force – boundary element method (IEMF-BEM), for input and transient impedance are discussed in detail. Extensive numerical experiments have been undertaken to analyze numerical sensitivity of the methods.

Findings
– Although it was widely used so far, the ScVM, was shown to be unsuitable for the grounding impedance assessment because results are dependent on the number of elements used in the numerical solution. On the other hand, the other method, IEMF-BEM is rather stable, with the respect to the number of elements used and with excellent convergence rate. In addition, IEMF-BEM is much simpler to implement as it requires only multiplication of matrices already assembled within the procedure of current distribution calculation, as opposed to the ScVM which requires numerical integration of quasi-singular integrals which, by it self, can be very demanding.

Originality/value
– The IEMF-BEM is originally developed by the authors and used for the first time for grounding impedance assessment. It is simple and very efficient and can easily be extended to arbitrary grounding configurations.
Employment status and job satisfaction
Authors: Sutherland John 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Motivated by the concept of procedural utility, which emphasises the salience of process-related job aspects, the purpose of this paper is to addresses three questions: first, “is job satisfaction different for the self-employed with no employees and the self-employed with employees?”; second, “is job satisfaction different for managers employed in smaller establishments and managers employed in larger establishments?”; and third, for both the self-employed and those in waged work, is job satisfaction overall correlated with satisfaction with ten identified job aspects’?

Design/methodology/approach
– A data set which has its origins in the (UK) 2006 Skills survey is examined, making use of ordinal logit estimations.

Findings
– There are differences in job satisfaction between the self-employed with no employees and those with employees, with the latter tending to be more likely to be satisfied. There are differences in job satisfaction between managers in smaller establishment and managers in larger establishments, but not for the three process-related job aspects associated with procedural utility. For the self-employed, there is a predominantly positive and sometimes statistically significant correlation between an individual's job satisfaction overall and satisfaction with the ten job aspects. For the waged worker, there is a uniformly positive and predominantly statistically significant correlation between an individual's job satisfaction overall and satisfaction with the ten job aspects.

Research limitations/implications
– The self-employed and those in waged work cannot be assumed to constitute homogeneous groups. Consequently, when future research seeks to examine the manner in which job satisfaction may differ across employment status groups, these groups cannot be treated as mere dichotomous dummy variables.

Originality/value
– This is an empirically based reappraisal of hypotheses associated with procedural utility which focuses upon within group differences for two sub-populations in the data set, the self-employed and waged workers.
Attitudes and orientation toward vegetarian food in the restaurant industry
Authors: Rivera Manuel , Shani Amir 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The current paper aims to explore the attitudes of decision makers in restaurants in Puerto Rico toward vegetarian food, and examine the restaurants' orientation toward vegetarianism and the challenges they face in catering to vegetarian patrons.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey instrument was developed to include 21 items representing the various attitudes and views toward vegetarian food; restaurant characteristics; and participant's demographic information. A total of 92 face-to-face structured interviews were conducted among various independent family restaurants located in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Findings
– The findings suggest that although the participants certainly recognize the value of vegetarian food for their restaurants, they are still unaware or uninformed about many issues related to vegetarianism and vegetarian customers. Moreover, the study also raises some worrying concerns as to the attentiveness of restaurants to the needs of vegetarians.

Originality/value
– The study raised important practical implications for restaurants in San Juan and, potentially, for restaurants in other destinations that share the same challenges. Perhaps the most important implication that emerges is the need to educate the decision makers in restaurants (i.e. owners, managers and chefs) regarding critical issues related to vegetarians and vegetarian food.
Self-construals, conflict styles, and religious identification in India
Authors: Michael Croucher Stephen 
Published: September 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the relationships between self-construals, religious identification, and conflict styles in India.Design/methodology/approach– Data were gathered in India (n=1,108) among Hindus (n=744) and Muslims (n=364) in various organizations throughout India. Conflict styles were measured using Oetzel's conflict style measure. Self-construal was measured using Singelis' self-construal measure. Pearson correlations and multiple regressions were conducted.Findings– Correlation analysis showed significant negative correlation between the independent and interdependent self-construal. Multiple hierarchical regression modeling demonstrated significant interactions between religious identification, self-construal, and conflict style. Hindus are more likely to dominate in conflict situations, while Muslims are more likely to avoid conflict and prefer more group-oriented conflict styles.Research limitations/implications– Self-report measure is a possible limitation and the sample is religiously homogeneous.Practical implications– The results of this study could assist community organizers and others who work in conflict mediation resolve conflict among religious groups.Originality/value– Few studies have examined conflict styles in India and this study employs a macro and micro-level approach to the study of conflict.
Knowledge governance mechanisms and repatriate's knowledge sharing: the mediating roles of motivation and opportunity
Authors: Huang Ming-Chang , Chiu Ya-Ping , Lu Ting-Chun 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Several studies have explored the relationships among the multiple dimensions of knowledge governance mechanisms (KGMs) and knowledge sharing. However, knowledge governance issues and knowledge transfer processes remain under-researched. The empirical results of the relationships among KGMs, motivations to share knowledge and knowledge sharing behavior remain inconsistent. This paper aims at re-examining the mediating effects of knowledge sharing motivations and knowledge sharing opportunities on the relationship between KGMs and knowledge sharing behavior of repatriates at multinational corporations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Survey data were collected from 140 repatriates from 66 multinational companies that operated in five different geographic locations. Structural equation modelling was used to assess the research model.

Findings
– The empirical results indicate the mediating roles of knowledge sharing motivation and opportunity in the relationship between KGMs and the knowledge sharing behavior of repatriates. Two sets of KGMs – formal and informal mechanisms – have significant influence on knowledge sharing motivation and opportunity.

Research limitations/implications
– This investigation focuses on the functions of KGMs that facilitate the knowledge sharing behavior of repatriates. The contextual effects of task-level, firm-level, and external environmental characteristics on knowledge sharing may need further studies to substantiate.

Originality/value
– This study argues that even when employees are encouraged and rewarded by extrinsic and intrinsic motivations to share knowledge, effective knowledge sharing would not necessarily be guaranteed. This paper offers a conceptual framework where knowledge sharing motivations and opportunities simultaneously play the mediating roles in a successful knowledge sharing. The framework associates KGMs with knowledge sharing behavior and echoes the growing acknowledgement of the need for additional research on micro-foundations of knowledge sharing to complement the macro research.
Understanding and managing knowledge loss
Authors: Daghfous Abdelkader , Belkhodja Omar , C. Angell Linda 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Research on knowledge loss is at an early stage of evolution. This paper seeks to extend the existent literature through an exploratory investigation of the drivers and impacts of knowledge loss, as well as associated retention strategies within manufacturing and service operations.

Design/methodology/approach
– Multiple research streams are used to explore and capture the complexities and intricacies of knowledge loss within four firms. The author follows a multiple case study approach with theoretical sampling of manufacturing and service firms.

Findings
– The results of this study suggest that organizations should retain and diffuse architectural knowledge, improve strategic coordination among units, develop existing capabilities through different networking strategies and more effective networks, and transform these capabilities into effective organizational routines to mitigate knowledge loss and increase knowledge retention. Meanwhile, relying solely on standard operating procedures, information systems, and codification of knowledge in databases could undermine knowledge retention and lead to knowledge loss.

Practical implications
– A comprehensive strategy to guide knowledge management efforts and actions should be adopted. Moreover, knowledge cannot be retained without the adoption of an integrative approach that comprises various strategies and without management commitment and drive.

Originality/value
– The findings of this exploratory investigation add to the understanding of the knowledge loss phenomenon by showing that it is much more complex than was found in earlier studies emanating from various research streams. The paper proposes directions for future research.