bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiota in experimental periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in dogs
Authors: Charalampakis Georgios , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Carcuac Olivier , Dahlén Gunnar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimTo analyze the microbial profile around teeth and implants following ligature removal in experimental periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in dogs.Material and methodsFour implants with similar geometry and with two different surface characteristics (implant A: turned/implant B: TiUnite; NobelBiocare AB) were placed pairwise in the right side of the mandible 3 months after tooth extraction in five dogs. Experimental periodontitis and peri‐implantitis were initiated 3 months later by ligature placement around implants and mandibular premolars and plaque formation. The ligatures were removed after 10 weeks. Microbial samples were obtained using paper points immediately after ligature removal, at 10 and 25 weeks after ligature removal. The microbiological analysis was performed by “checkerboard” DNA‐DNA hybridization, including a panel of 16 bacterial species.ResultsThe amount of bone loss that occurred during the period following ligature removal was significantly larger at implants with a modified surface than at implants with a turned surface and at teeth. The microbiological analysis revealed that the total bacterial load increased during the period following ligature removal and established an anaerobic Gram‐negative microflora.ConclusionIt is suggested that the large variation in regard to the microbial profiles makes interpretation of a correlation between disease progression and microbial profiles difficult.
A systematic review on marginal bone loss around short dental implants (<10 mm) for implant‐supported fixed prostheses
Authors: Monje Alberto , Suarez Fernando , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , García‐Nogales Agustín , Fu Jia‐Hui , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPurposeThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of implant length on peri‐implant marginal bone loss (MBL) and its associated influencing factors.Material and methodsAn electronic search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases for relevant studies published in English from November 2006 to July 2012 was performed by one examiner (AM). Selected studies were randomized clinical trials, human experimental clinical trials or prospective studies (e.g., cohort as well as case series) with a clear aim of investigating marginal bone loss of short dental implants (<10 mm) supporting fixed prostheses. A random‐effect meta‐regression model was used to determine the relationship between the effect size mean MBL and the covariate “implant length.” Additionally, a subgroup analysis, by means of a random‐effect one‐way ANOVA model, comparing mean MBL values at different levels of each factor (“type of connection” and “type of prostheses”) was also performed.ResultsThe meta‐regression of mean MBL on the moderator “implant length” was found to be insignificant (P = 0.633). Therefore, it could not be concluded that implant length had an effect on peri‐implant MBL. In addition, standardized differences in mean MBL on the subgroups short (<10 mm) and standard (≥10 mm) implants, as determined by the meta‐analysis (random‐effect model), were found to be statistically insignificant (P = 0.222).ConclusionsWithin limitations of the present systematic review, it could be concluded that short dental implants (<10 mm) had similar peri‐implant MBL as standard implants (≥10 mm) for implant‐supported fixed prostheses.
Demyelination Initiated by Oligodendrocyte Apoptosis through Enhancing Endoplasmic Reticulum–Mitochondria Interactions and Id2 Expression after Compressed Spinal Cord Injury in Rats
Authors: Huang Si‐Qin , Tang Cheng‐Lin , Sun Shan‐Quan , Yang Cheng , Xu Jin , Wang Ke‐Jian , Lu Wei‐Tian , Huang Juan , Zhuo Fei , Qiu Guo‐Ping , Wu Xiu‐Yu , Qi Wei 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundDemyelination is one of the most important pathological factors of spinal cord injury. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis is involved in triggering demyelination. However, fewer reports on pathological changes and mechanism of demyelination have been presented from compressed spinal cord injury (CSCI). The relative effect of oligodendrocyte apoptosis on CSCI‐induced demyelination and the mechanism of apoptosis remain unclear.AimsIn this study, a custom‐designed model of CSCI was used to determine whether or not demyelination and oligodendrocyte apoptosis occur after CSCI. The pathological changes in axonal myelinated fibers were investigated by osmic acid staining and transmission electron microscopy. Myelin basic protein (MBP), which is used in myelin formation in the central nervous system, was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis was revealed by in situ terminal‐deoxytransferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling. To analyze the mechanism of oligodendrocyte apoptosis, we detected caspase‐12 [a representative of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress], cytochrome c (an apoptotic factor and hallmark of mitochondria), and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2, an oligodendrocyte lineage gene) by immunofluorescence and Western blot assays.ResultsThe custom‐designed model of CSCI was successfully established. The rats were spastic, paralyzed, and incontinent. The Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale scores were decreased as time passed. The compressed spinal cord slices were ischemic. Myelin sheaths became swollen and degenerative; these sheaths were broken down as time passed after CSCI. MBP expression was downregulated after CSCI and consistent with the degree of demyelination. Oligodendrocyte apoptosis occurred at 1 day after CSCI and increased as caspase‐12 expression was enhanced and cytochrome c was released. Id2 was distributed widely in the white matter. Id2 expression increased with time after CSCI.ConclusionDemyelination occurred after CSCI and might be partly caused by oligodendrocyte apoptosis, which was positively correlated with ER–mitochondria interactions and enhanced Id2 expression after CSCI in rats.
A positive cobalt spot test falsely indicating an occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cobalt
Authors: Bruze Magnus , Hamada Haneen , Dahlin Jakob , Dunér Kari , Persson Lena 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundFor investigation of chemical exposure in allergic individuals, spot tests are invaluable. A reagent may react with a specific compound to give a specific typical colour, and thus indicate the presence of the specific substance. Spot tests can give both false‐negative and false‐positive reactions. To confirm the presence of the substance and quantify it, more sophisticated methods are required. On the basis of a positive cobalt spot test result, a woman was initially diagnosed with an occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by cobalt.ObjectivesTo investigate cobalt release from three different metal weaves to which our patient was occupationally exposed.MethodsThe cobalt gel test and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) were used to investigate the metal weaves. Two types of extract based on artificial sweat and nitric acid, respectively, were investigated with AAS.ResultsNo cobalt release was demonstrated with AAS.ConclusionsWhen a diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis caused by a sensitizer based on a positive spot test result will have far‐reaching consequences, such as change of work, retraining, and claim on and payment of worker's compensation, conformational analysis must be performed.
Hand eczema and health‐related quality of life; a comparison of EQ‐5D and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) in relation to the hand eczema extent score (HEES)
Authors: Lindberg Magnus , Bingefors Kerstin , Meding Birgitta , Berg Mats 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is associated with the extent and severity of hand eczema. We still lack a consensus about which HRQoL instrument to use as the standard, and how to measure the extent and severity of hand eczema.ObjectivesTo compare the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) with EQ‐5D (a standardized instrument for use as a measure of health outcome), and to evaluate how the Hand Eczema Extent Score (HEES) relates to these instruments.MethodsNinety‐three patients (61 females) were included. The HEES was recorded by a dermatologist, and the DLQI and EQ‐5D by the patients. The results were analysed with factor analysis and non‐parametric statistics.ResultsThe DLQI and EQ‐5D showed decreased HRQoL. Using factor analysis, we could not establish an association between the DLQI and EQ‐5D. There were, however, correlations between the DLQI and the HEES (0.31), the EQindex and the HEES (− 0.32), the DLQI and the EQVAS (− 0.62), and the DLQI and the EQindex (− 0.67) (the EQVAS and the EQindex are calculated from EQ‐5D).ConclusionsWe could not link factors in the DLQI to EQ‐5D, which has previously been done for SF‐36 (Short Form 36). On the basis of this, we cannot recommend EQ‐5D over SF‐36 for hand eczema studies. The DLQI correlates with the EQVAS and the EQindex, and can probably be used as an approximation for EQ‐5D. Our findings with the HEES are interesting, as it can be used by patients.
Children Use Temporal Cues to Learn Causal Directionality
Authors: Rottman Benjamin M. , Kominsky Jonathan F. , Keil Frank C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe ability to learn the direction of causal relations is critical for understanding and acting in the world. We investigated how children learn causal directionality in situations in which the states of variables are temporally dependent (i.e., autocorrelated). In Experiment 1, children learned about causal direction by comparing the states of one variable before versus after an intervention on another variable. In Experiment 2, children reliably inferred causal directionality merely from observing how two variables change over time; they interpreted Y changing without a change in X as evidence that Y does not influence X. Both of these strategies make sense if one believes the variables to be temporally dependent. We discuss the implications of these results for interpreting previous findings. More broadly, given that many real‐world environments are characterized by temporal dependency, these results suggest strategies that children may use to learn the causal structure of their environments.
A Quantitative Empirical Analysis of the Abstract/Concrete Distinction
Authors: Hill Felix , Korhonen Anna , Bentz Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study presents original evidence that abstract and concrete concepts are organized and represented differently in the mind, based on analyses of thousands of concepts in publicly available data sets and computational resources. First, we show that abstract and concrete concepts have differing patterns of association with other concepts. Second, we test recent hypotheses that abstract concepts are organized according to association, whereas concrete concepts are organized according to (semantic) similarity. Third, we present evidence suggesting that concrete representations are more strongly feature‐based than abstract concepts. We argue that degree of feature‐based structure may fundamentally determine concreteness, and we discuss implications for cognitive and computational models of meaning.
A systematic review of activities of daily living measures for children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: James Sarah , Ziviani Jenny , Boyd Roslyn 
Published: August 2013

AimThis study aimed to systematically review the psychometric properties and clinical utility of measures of activities of daily living (ADL) for children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 5 to 18 years.MethodFive electronic databases were searched to identify available ADL measures with published psychometric data for school‐aged children with CP. Measures were included if at least 60% of the items addressed ADL in the full assessment or in an independent domain. A modified CanChild Outcome Rating Form was used to report the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and clinical utility of the measures.ResultsTwenty‐six measures were identified and eight met inclusion criteria. The Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) had the strongest psychometric properties but was limited by its age range. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) was the most comprehensive evaluation of underlying motor and cognitive abilities yet further psychometric testing is required for children with CP.InterpretationThe PEDI should be used to measure ADL capability in elementary school aged children. The AMPS is the best measure to evaluate ADL performance or capacity and is suitable for all ages. Future research should examine the reliability of the AMPS to determine its stability in children and adolescents with CP.
Modelling the world economy at the 2050 horizon
Authors: Fouré Jean , Bénassy‐Quéré Agnès , Fontagné Lionel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEconomic analysis is increasingly addressing long‐term issues (such as global warming) that require a dynamic baseline for the world economy. In this article, we develop a three‐factor (capital, energy, labour) macroeconometric (MaGE – Macroeconometrics of the Global Economy) model, and project growth for 147 countries to 2050. We improve on the literature by the following: (i) accounting for the energy constraint through dynamic modelling of energy productivity, (ii) modelling female participation rates consistent with education catch‐up, (iii) departing from the assumptions of either a closed economy or full capital mobility (by applying a Feldstein–Horioka type relationship between saving and investment rates), and (iv) offering a fully consistent treatment of the Balassa–Samuelson effect. These innovative features have a sizeable impact on projected GDP.
Commentary on the practical guide for the study of sebaceous glands
Authors: Nejati Reza , Skobowiat Cezary , Slominski Andrzej T. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor many years, the function of the sebaceous gland (SG) was underestimated and suggested by Albert M. Kligman as a remnant of human development, a ‘living fossil with a past but no future’. However, the last two decades of studies and the discovery of neuro‐endocrine pathways in skin have determined the importance of the SG in cutaneous biology and homeostasis. SGs play their role in cutaneous homeostasis by contribution to local steroidogenic pathways, antimicrobial activity and display of immune (both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory) properties. Despite several important manuscripts and reviews regarding SG biology and function, there was an urgent need for a high‐quality methodological guide through SG identification and quantitative evaluation. In this issue of Experimental Dermatology, Hinde et al. present a practical guide to SG research – outlining methods, defining immunohistochemical markers and providing guidance to both novice and more experienced SG researchers.
The neonate nutrition hypothesis: early feeding affects the body stoichiometry of Daphnia offspring
Authors: Lukas Marcus , Frost Paul C. , Wacker Alexander 
Published: August 2013

Summary

Aquatic herbivores consume variable quantities and qualities of food. In freshwater systems, where phosphorus (P) is often a primary limiting element, inadequate dietary P can slow maternal growth and reduce body P content. There remains uncertainty about whether and how dietary effects on mothers are transferred to offspring by way of egg provisioning.

Using the keystone herbivore Daphnia, we tested a novel explanation (the ‘neonate nutrition hypothesis’) to determine whether the early nutrition of newborns affects their elemental composition and whether the indications of differences in maternal P nutrition found previously might be overestimated.

We thus examined the P content of mothers and their eggs from deposition through development to the birth of neonates. We examined further whether very short periods of ingestion (3 h) by the offspring alter the overall P content of juvenile Daphnia.

We showed that strong dietary P effects on mothers were not directly transferred to their eggs. Irrespective of the supply of P in the maternal diet, the P content of eggs in different developmental stages and in (unfed) neonates did not differ. This indicates that Daphnia mothers do not reduce the quality (in terms of P) of newly produced offspring after intermittent periods (i.e. several days) of poor nutrition. In contrast, the P content of neonates reflected that of their food after brief periods of feeding, indicating that even temporary exposure to nutrient poor food immediately after birth may strongly affect the elemental composition of neonates.

Our results thus support the neonate nutrition hypothesis, which, like differential maternal provisioning, is a possible explanation for the variable elemental quality of young Daphnia.
Subtyping of gliomas of various WHO grades by the application of immunohistochemistry
Authors: Popova Svetlana N , Bergqvist Michael , Dimberg Anna , Edqvist Per‐Henrik , Ekman Simon , Hesselager Göran , Ponten Fredrik , Smits Anja , Sooman Linda , Alafuzoff Irina 
Published: August 2013

AimsIn 2010, four subtypes (classical, proneural, mesenchymal, and neural) of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) were defined by molecular genetic analyses. The objective of this study was to assess whether gliomas, independently of the type and grade, could be subdivided into protein‐based subtypes.Methods and resultsA tissue microarray (TMA) approach was applied to incorporate tissue samples of low‐grade and high‐grade gliomas into five TMAs. High expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), CD44, c‐MER proto‐oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), platelet‐derived growth factor receptor α, p53, oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 with the R132H mutation were assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Glioma could be subdivided into four subtypes by IHC. The majority of the low‐grade gliomas were of the proneural subtype, i.e. high p53 expression (63% of grade II). The classical subtype, with high EGFR and low p53 expression, was most common in GBMs (39%), followed by the proneural (29%) and mesenchymal (with high CD44 and MERTK expression) (29%) subtypes, a frequency that is in line with previously published data based on molecular genetics.ConclusionsAssessment of the expression of the five proteins EGFR, CD44, MERTK, p53 and OLIG2 is sufficient for subtyping gliomas, and can be recommended for implementation in clinical practice for both low‐grade and high‐grade gliomas.
Health‐related quality of life in people with overactive bladder symptoms: reliability and validity of the traditional Chinese version of the Kings' Health Questionnaire
Authors: Chiu Aih‐Fung , Huang Mei‐Huang , Chiu Jui‐Fang , Kuo Hann‐Chorng 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTOveractive bladder (OAB) is a common medical condition. A number of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements for OAB have been developed during recent years, including the linguistic validation of the traditional Chinese version of the Kings' Health Questionnaire (KHQ). However, limited studies are available for this version of KHQ. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the reliability and discriminant validity of this traditional Chinese version within the communities of Taiwanese. A cross‐sectional and case–control study was designed. On the basis of a convenience sampling, participants were recruited at a community health center in Pingtung County, Taiwan from March to July 2010. The collected data included OAB symptoms assessed by the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), the HRQOL assessed by the traditional Chinese version of the KHQ and demographic characteristics. Subjects with urinary urgency at least once a week and a total score of OABSS ≥ 3 were assigned to the OAB group. Participants without OAB but with matched age and gender were selected as the control group. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using Cronbach's α, and discriminant validity was examined by Student's independent t‐test. A total of 173 pairs of observations were matched and analysed. The Cronbach's α value was above 0·80 for the traditional Chinese version of KHQ and all its subscales, suggesting a good internal consistency reliability for this measurement. The participants in OAB group showed poor quality of life than the controls (all p < 0·001), which display a good discriminant validity of traditional Chinese version of KHQ. Only 39·9% (n = 69) participants with OAB had discussed their symptoms with a doctor during the past year. As the HRQOL could be improved by medical help, health care providers should educate the public about OAB and encourage patients to seek medical attention.
Genome‐wide screening for components of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro‐RNA (miRNA) pathways in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Xu H‐J. , Chen T. , Ma X‐F. , Xue J. , Pan P‐L. , Zhang X‐C. , Cheng J‐A. , Zhang C‐X. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is a major rice pest in Asia, and accumulated evidence indicates that this species is susceptible to RNA interference (RNAi); however, the mechanism underlying RNAi and parental RNAi has not yet been determined. We comprehensively investigated the repertoire of core genes involved in small interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro‐RNA (miRNA) pathways in the BPH by comparing its newly assembled transcriptome and genome with those of Drosophila melanogaster, Tribolium castaneum and Caenorhabditis elegans. Our analysis showed that the BPH possesses one drosha and two Dicer (dcr) genes, three dsRNA‐binding motif protein genes, two Argonaute (ago) genes, two Eri‐1‐like genes (eri‐1), and a Sid‐1‐like gene (sid‐1). Additionally, we report for first time that parental RNAi might occur in this species, and siRNA pathway and Sid‐1 were required for high efficiency of systemic RNAi triggered by exogenous dsRNA. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that the miRNA pathway was involved in BPH metamorphosis as depletion of the ago1 or dcr1 gene severely impaired ecdysis. The BPH might be a good model system to study the molecular mechanism of systemic RNAi in hemimetabolous insects, and RNAi has potential to be developed to control this pest in agricultural settings.
The role of lung dendritic cell subsets in immunity to respiratory viruses
Authors: Neyt Katrijn , Lambrecht Bart N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryViral infections are a common cause of acute respiratory disease. The clinical course of infection and symptoms depend on the viral strain, the health status of the host, and the immunological status of the host. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in recognizing and presenting viral antigens and in inducing adaptive immune responses that clear the virus. Because the lung is continuously exposed to the air, the lung is equipped with an elaborate network of DCs to sense incoming foreign pathogens. Increasing knowledge on DC biology has informed us that DCs are not a single cell type. In the steady state lung, three DC subsets can be defined: CD11b+ or CD103+ conventional DCs and plasmacytoid DCs. Upon inflammation, inflammatory monocyte‐derived DCs are recruited to the lung. It is only recently that tools became available to allow DC subsets to be clearly studied. This review focuses on the activation of DCs and the function of lung DCs in the context of respiratory virus infection and highlights some cautionary points for interpreting older experiments.