bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History, Theology, Orthodoxy, Polydoxy
Authors: Burrus Virginia 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe discourse of orthodoxy and heresy has proven both extraordinarily powerful in its historical effects and woefully inadequate as a historical map of theological diversity. The documents of ancient Christianity reveal subtleties of differentiation that only sometimes come to be framed in polarized terms, as well as violent simplifications of asserted polarities that inevitably hide more than they reveal about a religious movement that placed nearly unprecedented value on both unity and universality even as it thereby also embraced the formidable difficulties entailed by an extreme social, cultural, and theological pluralism. But if historians have failed to take the measure of theological diversity, so too have theologians. Doctrine does not develop in a monolinear fashion, nor is it put on ice in the fourth‐century Mediterranean, or in any other time or place, but is rather the iterative product of the ongoing practice of theologizing—always repeating, always mutating, never finalized, and sprawling across place as well as time. Its elusive truths are conveyed by the testimony of a responsive, generous, and self‐emptying love, as much as by creedal certitude. From this perspective, the recent proposal of Catherine Keller, Laurel Schneider, et al., that the term “polydoxy” displace that of orthodoxy is met with both welcome and wariness. Welcome, as both an affirmation of what has always been and a challenge to live into that heritage more fully. Wariness, if polydoxy should turn out to be just another triumphal orthodoxy, suppressing difference.
The Xanthomonas campestris effector protein XopDXcc8004 triggers plant disease tolerance by targeting DELLA proteins
Authors: Tan Leitao , Rong Wei , Luo Hongli , Chen Yinhua , He Chaozu 
Published: July 2014

Summary

Plants protect themselves from the harmful effects of pathogens by resistance and tolerance. Disease resistance, which eliminates pathogens, can be modulated by bacterial type III effectors. Little is known about whether disease tolerance, which sustains host fitness with a given pathogen burden, is regulated by effectors.

Here, we examined the effects of the Xanthomonas effector protein XopDXcc8004 on plant disease defenses by constructing knockout and complemented Xanthomonas strains, and performing inoculation studies in radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radiculus XiaoJinZhong) and Arabidopsis plants.

XopDXcc8004 suppresses disease symptoms without changing bacterial titers in infected leaves. In Arabidopsis, XopDXcc8004 delays the hormone gibberellin (GA)‐mediated degradation of RGA (repressor of ga1‐3), one of five DELLA proteins that repress GA signaling and promote plant tolerance under biotic and abiotic stresses. The ERF‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif‐containing region of XopDXcc8004 interacts with the DELLA domain of RGA and might interfere with the GA‐induced binding of GID1, a GA receptor, to RGA.

The EAR motif was found to be present in a number of plant transcriptional regulators. Thus, our data suggest that bacterial pathogens might have evolved effectors, which probably mimic host components, to initiate disease tolerance and enhance their survival.
Neoglacial (<3000 years) till and flutes at Saskatchewan Glacier, Canadian Rocky Mountains, formed by subglacial deformation of a soft bed
Authors: Eyles Nick , Boyce Joe. I. , Putkinen Niko 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the processes that deposit till below modern glaciers provides fundamental information for interpreting ancient subglacial deposits. A process‐deposit‐landform model is developed for the till bed of Saskatchewan Glacier in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. The glacier is predominantly hard bedded in its upper reaches and flows through a deep valley carved into resistant Palaeozoic carbonates but the ice margin rests on a thick (<6 m) soft bed of silt‐rich deformation till that has been exposed as the glacier retreats from its Little Ice Age limit reached in 1854. In situ tree stumps rooted in a palaeosol under the till are dated between ca 2900 and 2700 yr bp and record initial glacier expansion during the Neoglacial. Sedimentological and stratigraphic observations underscore the importance of subglacial deformation of glaciofluvial outwash deposited in front of the advancing glacier and mixing with glaciolacustrine carbonate‐rich silt to form a soft bed. The exposed till plain has a rolling drumlinoid topography inherited from overridden end moraines and is corrugated by more than 400 longitudinal flute ridges which record deformation of the soft bed and fall into three genetically related types: those developed in propagating incipient cavities in the lee of large subglacial boulders embedded in deformation till, and those lacking any originating boulder and formed by pressing of wet till up into radial crevasses under stagnant ice. A third type consists of U‐shaped flutes akin to barchan dunes; these wrap around large boulders at the downglacier ends of longitudinal scours formed by the bulldozing of boulders by the ice front during brief winter readvances across soft till. Pervasive subglacial deformation during glacier expansion was probably facilitated by large boulders rotating within the soft bed (‘glacioturbation’).
A hemolytic anti‐LKE associated with a rare LKE‐negative, “weak P” red blood cell phenotype: alloanti‐LKE and alloanti‐P recognize galactosylgloboside and monosialogalactosylgloboside (LKE) antigens
Authors: Cooling Laura , Dake Louann R. , Haverty Donna , Mullis Nancy , Ellis Susie , Shayman James , Judd W. John 
Published: July 2014

Background“Weak P” is a rare red blood cell (RBC) phenotype, characterized by a global decrease in Pk and P antigens. We now describe a second weak P individual who also typed LKE‐negative (LKE‐N) and possessed a clinically significant anti‐LKE.Study Design and MethodsPatient RBCs and plasma were examined by standard serology and flow cytometry. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from patient, Pk, and LKE‐strong (LKE‐S) RBCs were isolated and analyzed by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC). To confirm antibody specificity, patient serum and 30 human polyclonal controls, including alloanti‐P and anti‐PP1Pk, were tested against a panel of GSLs by HPTLC immunostaining.ResultsThe patient typed P1+, P+, and LKE‐N and possessed a “P‐like” panagglutinin. In a two‐stage indirect antiglobulin test, the patient's plasma caused hemolysis of LKE‐S cells but not p, Pk, or LKE‐N cells. Clinically, transfusion of P+ RBCs compatible by a prewarmed technique had shortened RBC survival with laboratory evidence of hemolysis. Analysis of the patient's isolated RBC GSLs showed a 30% relative decrease in Gb3 (Pk) and Gb4 (P) and a 90% decrease in monosialogalactosylgloboside (MSGG, LKE), accompanied by increased lactosylceramide (CDH), paragloboside, and GM3. On HPTLC immunostaining, the patient's plasma strongly bound MSSG with weak binding to galactosylgloboside (Gb5). Binding to MSGG, Gb5, and Gb4 was also observed with some examples of alloanti‐P from Pk individuals, but not anti‐PP1Pk, autoanti‐P, or normal controls.ConclusionsWe describe the first example of a clinically significant anti‐LKE in the setting of a rare weak P background. Human alloanti‐LKE and some alloanti‐P recognized Gb5 and MSGG.
Derived subalgebras of centralisers and finite -algebras
Authors: Premet Alexander , Topley Lewis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLet$\mathfrak{g}=\mbox{Lie}(G)$be the Lie algebra of a simple algebraic group$G$over an algebraically closed field of characteristic$0$. Let$e$be a nilpotent element of$\mathfrak{g}$and let$\mathfrak{g}_e=\mbox{Lie}(G_e)$where$G_e$stands for the stabiliser of$e$in$G$. For$\mathfrak{g}$classical, we give an explicit combinatorial formula for the codimension of$[\mathfrak{g}_e,\mathfrak{g}_e]$in$\mathfrak{g}_e$and use it to determine those$e\in \mathfrak{g}$for which the largest commutative quotient$U(\mathfrak{g},e)^{\mbox{ab}}$of the finite$W$-algebra$U(\mathfrak{g},e)$is isomorphic to a polynomial algebra. It turns out that this happens if and only if$e$lies in a unique sheet of$\mathfrak{g}$. The nilpotent elements with this property are callednon-singularin the paper. Confirming a recent conjecture of Izosimov, we prove that a nilpotent element$e\in \mathfrak{g}$is non-singular if and only if the maximal dimension of the geometric quotients$\mathcal{S}/G$, where$\mathcal{S}$is a sheet of$\mathfrak{g}$containing$e$, coincides with the codimension of$[\mathfrak{g}_e,\mathfrak{g}_e]$in$\mathfrak{g}_e$and describe all non-singular nilpotent elements in terms of partitions. We also show that for any nilpotent element$e$in a classical Lie algebra$\mathfrak{g}$the closed subset of Specm $U(\mathfrak{g},e)^{\mbox{ab}}$consisting of all points fixed by the natural action of the component group of$G_e$is isomorphic to an affine space. Analogues of these results for exceptional Lie algebras are also obtained and applications to the theory of primitive ideals are given.
The influence of social networking sites on health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Laranjo Liliana , Arguel Amaël , Neves Ana L , Gallagher Aideen M , Kaplan Ruth , Mortimer Nathan , Mendes Guilherme A , Lau Annie Y S 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objective Our aim was to evaluate the use and effectiveness of interventions using social networking sites (SNSs) to change health behaviors.
Materials and methods Five databases were scanned using a predefined search strategy. Studies were included if they focused on patients/consumers, involved an SNS intervention, had an outcome related to health behavior change, and were prospective. Studies were screened by independent investigators, and assessed using Cochrane's ‘risk of bias’ tool. Randomized controlled trials were pooled in a meta-analysis.
Results The database search retrieved 4656 citations; 12 studies (7411 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Facebook was the most utilized SNS, followed by health-specific SNSs, and Twitter. Eight randomized controlled trials were combined in a meta-analysis. A positive effect of SNS interventions on health behavior outcomes was found (Hedges’ g 0.24; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.43). There was considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 84.0%; T2 = 0.058) and no evidence of publication bias.
Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of SNS interventions in changing health-related behaviors. Most studies evaluated multi-component interventions, posing problems in isolating the specific effect of the SNS. Health behavior change theories were seldom mentioned in the included articles, but two particularly innovative studies used ‘network alteration’, showing a positive effect. Overall, SNS interventions appeared to be effective in promoting changes in health-related behaviors, and further research regarding the application of these promising tools is warranted.
Conclusions Our study showed a positive effect of SNS interventions on health behavior-related outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity.
Protocol registration The protocol for this systematic review is registered at http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO with the number CRD42013004140.
Listening to a personal music player is associated with fewer but more serious injuries among snowboarders in a terrain park: a case-control study
Authors: Russell Kelly , Meeuwisse Willem , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Emery Carolyn A , Gushue Shantel , Wishart Jillian , Romanow Nicole , Rowe Brian H , Goulet Claude , Hagel Brent E 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundSome snowboarders listen to music on a personal music player and the objective was to determine if listening to music was associated with injury in a terrain park.MethodsA case–control study was conducted at a terrain park in Alberta, Canada during the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 winter seasons. Cases were snowboarders who were injured in the terrain park and presented to either the ski patrol and/or a nearby emergency department (ED). Demographic, environmental and injury characteristics were collected from standardised ski patrol Accident Report Forms, ED medical records and telephone interviews. Controls were uninjured snowboarders using the same terrain park and were interviewed as they approached the lift-line on randomly selected days and times. Multivariable logistic regression determined if listening to music was associated with the odds of snowboard injury.ResultsOverall, 333 injured cases and 1261 non-injured controls were enrolled; 69 (21%) cases and 425 (34%) controls were listening to music. Snowboarders listening to music had significantly lower odds of injury compared with those not listening to music (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.68; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.98). Snowboarders listening to music had significantly higher odds of presenting to the ED versus ski patrol only compared with those not listening to music (adjusted OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.07 to 4.05).ConclusionsWhile listening to music decreased the odds of any injury in the terrain park, it increased the odds of an injury resulting in ED presentation.
Providing effective trauma care: the potential for service provider views to enhance the quality of care (qualitative study nested within a multicentre longitudinal quantitative study)
Authors: Beckett Kate , Earthy Sarah , Sleney Jude , Barnes Jo , Kellezi Blerina , Barker Marcus , Clarkson Julie , Coffey Frank , Elder Georgina , Kendrick Denise ,   The Impact of Injuries Study group
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo explore views of service providers caring for injured people on: the extent to which services meet patients’ needs and their perspectives on factors contributing to any identified gaps in service provision.DesignQualitative study nested within a quantitative multicentre longitudinal study assessing longer term impact of unintentional injuries in working age adults. Sampling frame for service providers was based on patient-reported service use in the quantitative study, patient interviews and advice of previously injured lay research advisers. Service providers’ views were elicited through semistructured interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingParticipants were recruited from a range of settings and services in acute hospital trusts in four study centres (Bristol, Leicester, Nottingham and Surrey) and surrounding areas.Participants40 service providers from a range of disciplines.ResultsService providers described two distinct models of trauma care: an ‘ideal’ model, informed by professional knowledge of the impact of injury and awareness of best models of care, and a ‘real’ model based on the realities of National Health Service (NHS) practice. Participants’ ‘ideal’ model was consistent with standards of high-quality effective trauma care and while there were examples of services meeting the ideal model, ‘real’ care could also be fragmented and inequitable with major gaps in provision. Service provider accounts provide evidence of comprehensive understanding of patients’ needs, awareness of best practice, compassion and research but reveal significant organisational and resource barriers limiting implementation of knowledge in practice.ConclusionsService providers envisage an ‘ideal’ model of trauma care which is timely, equitable, effective and holistic, but this can differ from the care currently provided. Their experiences provide many suggestions for service improvements to bridge the gap between ‘real’ and ‘ideal’ care. Using service provider views to inform service design and delivery could enhance the quality, patient experience and outcomes of care.
Improvement of CRB-65 as a prognostic tool in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Dwyer Richard , Hedlund Jonas , Henriques-Normark Birgitta , Kalin Mats 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundPatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) often require hospitalisation. CRB-65 is a simple and useful scoring system to predict mortality. However, prognostic factors such as underlying disease and blood oxygenation are not included despite their potential to increase the performance of CRB-65.MethodsThe study included 1172 consecutive patients (830 inpatients, 342 outpatients) with CAP. Mortality, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with 95% CI were calculated. Prognostic accuracy was evaluated after adding coexisting illnesses according to the Pneumonia Severity Index (malignancy, heart failure, hepatic, renal and cerebrovascular disease) and pulse oximetry (SpO2).ResultsMean age was 65 years, 30-day mortality 7% (inpatients 9%, outpatients 1%). Addition of one point for the presence of ≥1 coexisting condition and one point for SpO2<90% increased the area under the ROC curve of CRB-65 from 0.82 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.85) to 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.90; p<0.0001).ConclusionsModification of CRB-65 by including hypoxaemia and presence of specified underlying diseases increased the scoring system’s prognostic accuracy while retaining its independence of laboratory tests. DS CRB-65 may have the potential to further facilitate site of care decision for patients with CAP.
Feasibility and need for violence risk screening at triage: an exploration of clinical processes and public perceptions in one Australian emergency department
Authors: Daniel Catherine , Gerdtz Marie , Elsom Stephen , Knott Jonathan , Prematunga Roshani , Virtue Elizabeth 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundResearch on patient aggression in hospital emergency departments supports the development of a systematic process for identifying individuals at risk of becoming violent. The feasibility and community acceptance of this approach is unknown. In this study, we determine the feasibility and explore the need for a violence risk screening process in one Australian emergency department.MethodWe used a descriptive exploratory design that involved semistructured interviews and observations of practice. The setting was an adult tertiary referral hospital and major trauma centre located in Melbourne, Australia. A convenience sample of nine triage nurses were observed assessing patients to explore how risk screening was undertaken in practice. Semistructured interviews were conducted with emergency department (ED) service users (N=19) to explore community perspectives on the process of violence risk screening.ResultsObservations of practice revealed that nurses used observed and reported information to screen for potential risk of violence rather than employing a direct questioning approach. Interviews with community members in the emergency department waiting room highlighted a public expectation that nurses screen and accurately identify patients at risk of violence on arrival to the ED.ConclusionsConsistent with local prevalence data, public expectations of emergency care supported the need to adopt a uniform approach to identifying people at risk of becoming violent on arrival to hospital. Observations of triage nurses interactions with patients revealed that the existing violence risk screening approach was not being consistently used by triage nurses. An integrated approach to determining violence risk during triage assessment is recommended.
Interobserver variability in assessing dysplasia and architecture in colorectal adenomas: a multicentre Canadian study
Authors: Osmond Allison , Li-Chang Hector , Kirsch Richard , Divaris Dimitrios , Falck Vincent , Liu Dong Feng , Marginean Celia , Newell Ken , Parfitt Jeremy , Rudrick Brian , Sapp Heidi , Smith Sharyn , Walsh Joanna , Wasty Fasahat , Driman David K 
Published: July 2014

AimsFollowing the introduction of colorectal cancer screening programmes throughout Canada, it became necessary to standardise the diagnosis of colorectal adenomas. Canadian guidelines for standardised reporting of adenomas were developed in 2011. The aims of the present study were (a) to assess interobserver variability in the classification of dysplasia and architecture in adenomas and (b) to determine if interobserver variability could be improved by the adoption of criteria specified in the national guidelines.MethodsAn a priori power analysis was used to determine an adequate number of cases and participants. Twelve pathologists independently classified 40 whole-slide images of adenomas according to architecture and dysplasia grade. Following a wash-out period, participants were provided with the national guidelines and asked to reclassify the study set.ResultsAt baseline, there was moderate interobserver agreement for architecture (K=0.4700; 95% CI 0.4427 to 0.4972) and dysplasia grade (K=0.5680; 95% CI 0.5299 to 0.6062). Following distribution of the guidelines, there was improved interobserver agreement in assessing architecture (K=0.5403; 95% CI 0.5133 to 0.5674)). For dysplasia grade, overall interobserver agreement remained moderate but decreased significantly (K=0.4833; 95% CI 0.4452 to 0.5215). Half of the cases contained high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Two pathologists diagnosed HGD in ≥75% of cases.ConclusionsThe improvement in interobserver agreement in classifying adenoma architecture suggests that national guidelines can be useful in disseminating knowledge, however, the variability in the diagnosis of HGD, even following guideline review suggests the need for ongoing knowledge-transfer exercises.
Using interactive theatre to help fertility providers better understand sexual and gender minority patients
Authors: Tarasoff Lesley A , Epstein Rachel , Green Datejie C , Anderson Scott , Ross Lori E 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of interactive theatre as a knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) method to educate assisted human reproduction (AHR) service providers about lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans and queer (LGBTQ) patients.DesignWe transformed data from the ‘Creating Our Families’ study, a qualitative, community-based study of LGBTQ peoples’ experiences accessing AHR services, into a script for an interactive theatre workshop for AHR service providers. Based on forum theatre principles, our workshop included five scenes illustrating LGBTQ people interacting with service providers, followed by audience interventions to these scenes. Before and after the workshop, service providers completed surveys to assess their knowledge and comfort concerning LGBTQ patients, as well as the modality of the interactive theatre workshop as a KTE strategy. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine changes in preworkshop and postworkshop knowledge and comfort scores.ResultsThirty AHR service providers attended the workshop. Twenty-three service providers (76.7%) fully completed the preworkshop and postworkshop evaluation forms. Service providers’ knowledge scores significantly improved after the workshop, while their comfort scores minimally decreased. Most agreed that the interactive workshop was an effective KTE method.ConclusionsIn comparison with traditional forms of KTE, interactive theatre may be particularly effective in engaging service providers and addressing their attitudes towards marginalised patient populations. Although the evaluation results of our interactive workshop were mostly positive, the long-term impact of the workshop is unknown. Long-term evaluations are needed to determine the effectiveness of arts-based KTE efforts. Other considerations for developing effective arts-based KTE strategies include adequate funding, institutional support, attention to power dynamics and thoughtful collaboration with forum theatre experts.