bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal changes in radiative fluxes at land and ocean surfaces and their relevance for global warming
Authors: Wild Martin 
Published: November 2015

Anthropogenic interference with climate occurs primarily through modification of radiative fluxes in the climate system. Increasing releases of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere lead to an enhancement of thermal radiation from the atmosphere to the surface by presently about 2 W m−2 per decade, thereby causing global warming. Yet not only thermal radiation undergoes substantial decadal changes at the Earth surface, but also incident solar radiation (SSR), often in line with changes in aerosol emissions. Land‐based observations suggest widespread declines in SSR from 1950s to 1980s (‘global dimming’), a partial recovery (‘brightening’) since mid‐1980s, and indication for an ‘early’ brightening in 1930s and 1940s. No similar extended observational records are available over oceans. However, modeling studies, conceptual frameworks and available satellite‐derived records point to the existence of decadal SSR variations also over oceans. SSR changes overall match with decadal variations in observed warming rates, suggesting that SSR variations may effectively modulate greenhouse gas‐induced warming. Specifically, on the Northern Hemisphere, the lack of warming from 1950s to 1980s and its subsequent acceleration in the 1990s fits to the trend reversal from dimming to brightening and associated changes in air pollution levels. From the 1950s to 1980s no warming was also observed over Northern Hemispheric Oceans, in line with conceptual ideas that subtle aerosol changes in pristine ocean areas, effectively amplified by aerosol–cloud interactions, can substantially alter SSR, thereby modulating Sea Surface Temperatures. On the Southern Hemisphere, the absence of significant aerosol levels fits to the observed stable (greenhouse gas‐induced) warming rates since the 1950s. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:91–107. doi: 10.1002/wcc.372This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Modern Climate Change
Modifications of the cell wall of yeasts grown on hexadecane and under starvation conditions
Authors: Dmitriev Vladimir V. , Crowley David E. , Zvonarev Anton N. , Rusakova Tatiana G. , Negri Maria C. , Kolesnikova Svetlana A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractElectron‐microscopic examinations have demonstrated local modifications in the cell wall of the yeast Candida maltosa grown on hexadecane. In our earlier studies, these modified sites, observed in other yeasts grown on oil hydrocarbons, were conventionally called 'canals'. The biochemical and cytochemical studies of C. maltosa have revealed a correlation between the formation of 'canals' and decrease in the amount of cell wall polysaccharides, glucan and mannan. The ultrathin sections and surface replicas have shown that the 'canals' are destroyed by pronase, thus indicating that a significant proportion of their content is represented by proteins. This finding was compatible with our earlier data on the localization of oxidative enzymes in 'canals' and possible participation of the 'canals' in the primary oxidation of hydrocarbons. A completely unexpected and intriguing phenomenon has been the appearance of 'canals' in the yeast C. maltosa under starvation conditions. Unlike the yeasts grown on hexadecane, mannan almost disappears in starving cells, while the quantity of glucan first decreases and then is restored to its initial level. The role of 'canals' in starving cells is as yet unclear; it is assumed that they acquire exoenzymes involved in the utilization of products of cell lysis in the starving population. In the future, 'canals' of starving cells will be studied in connection with their possible participation in apoptosis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling the transcription levels of argGH redistributed l-arginine metabolic flux in N-acetylglutamate kinase and ArgR-deregulated Corynebacterium crenatum
Authors: Zhao Qinqin , Luo Yuchang , Dou Wenfang , Zhang Xian , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Meijuan , Geng Yan , Rao Zhiming , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA5-5, an l-arginine high-producer obtained through multiple mutation-screening steps, had been deregulated by the repression of ArgR that inhibits l-arginine biosynthesis at genetic level. Further study indicated that feedback inhibition of SYPA5-5 N-acetylglutamate kinase (CcNAGK) by l-arginine, as another rate-limiting step, could be deregulated by introducing point mutations. Here, we introduced two of the positive mutations (H268N or R209A) of CcNAGK into the chromosome of SYPA5-5, however, resulting in accumulation of large amounts of the intermediates (l-citrulline and l-ornithine) and decreased production of l-arginine. Genetic and enzymatic levels analysis involved in l-arginine biosynthetic pathway of recombinants SYPA5-5-NAGKH268N (H-7) and SYPA5-5-NAGKR209A (R-8) showed that the transcription levels of argGH decreased accompanied with the reduction of argininosuccinate synthase and argininosuccinase activities, respectively, which led to the metabolic obstacle from l-citrulline to l-arginine. Co-expression of argGH with exogenous plasmid in H-7 and R-8 removed this bottleneck and increased l-arginine productivity remarkably. Compared with SYPA5-5, fermentation period of H-7/pDXW-10-argGH (H-7-GH) reduced to 16 h; meanwhile, the l-arginine productivity improved about 63.6 %. Fed-batch fermentation of H-7-GH in 10 L bioreactor produced 389.9 mM l-arginine with the productivity of 5.42 mM h−1. These results indicated that controlling the transcription of argGH was a key factor for regulating the metabolic flux toward l-arginine biosynthesis after deregulating the repression of ArgR and feedback inhibition of CcNAGK, and therefore functioned as another regulatory mode for l-arginine production. Thus, deregulating all these three regulatory modes was a powerful strategy to construct l-arginine high-producing C. crenatum.
Sellar Masses: An Epidemiological Study
Authors: Al-Dahmani Khaled , Mohammad Syed , Imran Fatima , Theriault Chris , Doucette Steve , Zwicker Deborah , Yip Churn-Ern , Clarke David B. , Imran Syed Ali 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground: Sellar masses (SM) are mostly benign growths of pituitary or nonpituitary origin that are increasingly encountered in clinical practice. To date, no comprehensive population-based study has reported the epidemiology of SM from North America. Aim: To determine the epidemiology of SM in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Methods: Data from all pituitary-related referrals within the province were prospectively collected in interlinked computerized registries starting in November 2005. We conducted a retrospective analysis on all patients with SM seen within the province between November 2005 and December 2013. Results: A total of 1107 patients were identified, of which 1005 were alive and residing within the province. The mean age at presentation was 44.6±18 years, with an overall female preponderance (62%) and a population prevalence rate of 0.1%. Of patients with SM, 837 (83%) had pituitary adenomas and 168 (17%) had nonpituitary lesions. The relative prevalence and standardized incidence ratio, respectively, of various SM were: nonfunctioning adenomas (38.4%; 2.34), prolactinomas (34.3%; 2.22), Rathke’s cyst (6.5%; 0.5), growth hormone–secreting adenomas (6.5%; 0.3), craniopharyngiomas (4.5%; 0.2), adrenocorticotropic hormone–secreting adenomas (3.8%; 0.2), meningiomas (1.9%), and others (3.9%; 0.21). At presentation, 526 (52.3%) had masses ≥1 cm, 318 (31.6%) at <1 cm, and 11 (1.1%) had functioning pituitary adenomas without discernible tumor, whereas tumor size data were unavailable in 150 (14.9%) patients. The specific pathologies and their most common presenting features were: nonfunctioning adenoma (incidental, headaches, and vision loss), prolactinomas (galactorrhea, menstrual irregularity, and headache), growth hormone–secreting adenomas (enlarging extremities and sweating), adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting adenoma (easy bruising, muscle wasting, and weight gain) and nonpituitary lesions (incidental, headaches, and vision problems). Secondary hormonal deficiencies were common, ranging from 19.6% to 65.7%; secondary hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, and growth hormone deficiencies constituted the majority of these abnormalities. Conclusions: This is the largest North American study to date to assess the epidemiology of SM in a large stable population. Given their significant prevalence in the general population, more studies are needed to evaluate the natural history of these masses and to help allocate appropriate resources for their management.
General Practitioners’ experience of child and adolescent suicidal ideation and behaviour – a survey
Authors: Kolshus E. M. , Kolshus E. H. , Gavin B. , Cullen W. , McNicholas F. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesA major cause of death in Irish men aged 15–24 is suicide and the rates for those aged 15–19 are amongst the highest in Europe. Despite concerns over suicidal ideation or behaviour, little research has been done in the Irish primary care context. We therefore aimed to carry out a study of Irish General Practitioners (GPs)’ experience regarding suicidal ideation or behaviour in children and adolescents.MethodsThe study design was a descriptive, cross-sectional, questionnaire survey. We randomly selected 480 GPs and invited them to participate via post.ResultsIn total, 198 GPs replied, representing a response rate of 41% with a sampling error of ±6.8%. In total, 184 of respondents (93%) saw more than 50 children and adolescent patients annually, however, presentations of suicidal ideation and behaviour were relatively rare, with 36% reporting seeing none, 58% seeing between one and five and 6% seeing more than five such presentations annually. In total, 119 (62%) of GPs reported a willingness to prescribe antidepressants for this age group. In total, 66% of GPs felt this was either ‘always’ or ‘usually’ a difficult patient group to manage, and the single most commonly reported difficulty by GPs was access to services [n=48 (33%)].ConclusionsGPs reported that their management of children and adolescents with suicidal ideation or behaviour is often difficult. GPs play a key liaison role in the area of child and adolescent mental health, but our results indicate that GPs are also involved in the treatment of this patient group. However, ongoing education was not a priority according to GPs themselves.
Stress, depression, quality of life and salivary cortisol levels in community health agents
Authors: Knuth Berenice Scaletzky , Cocco Rafaela Abreu , Radtke Vinicius Augusto , Medeiros João Ricardo Carvalho , Oses Jean Pierre , Wiener Carolina David , Jansen Karen 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of and factors associated with depression and stress with perceived quality of life and the salivary cortisol levels in Community Health Agent (CHA).Materials and MethodsCross-sectional descriptive study of CHAs in Pelotas-RS, Brazil. Data collection, including sociodemographic information and factors related to work and health. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) II was used to assess depressive symptoms, Inventory of Stress Symptoms Lipp (ISSL) was used for the analysis of stress and the WHOQOL-BREF was used to investigate quality of life. Salivary cortisol was quantified via ELISA test.ResultsThe assessments showed that 71.0% are in a state of stress resistance, 30.5% were in the alert state of stress and 32.8% were in the stress state of exhaustion. Depressive episodes (BDI≥12) were observed in 28.2%. The environmental domain had the lowest score for quality of life. We observed significantly higher salivary cortisol levels in CHAs with less than 1 year of service and with the lowest quality of life scores in the environmental subsection.ConclusionA high prevalence of stress and depression was observed in this sample of CHAs. In addition, the worst levels of quality of life were identified in the environmental subsection. Cortisol levels corroborate these findings regarding quality of life within the environmental domain and began working less than a year previously.
The effects of different levels of calcium supplementation on the bone mineral status of postpartum lactating Chinese women: a 12-month randomised, double-blinded, controlled trial
Authors: Zhang Zhe-Qing , Chen Yu-Ming , Wang Ruo-Qin , Huang Zhen-Wu , Yang Xiao-Guang , Su Yi-Xiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIncreasing dietary Ca intake may prevent the excessive mobilisation of bone mineral in nursing mothers. We aimed to investigate whether higher Ca intake could positively modulate the bone mineral changes in Chinese postpartum lactating women. The study was a 12-month randomised, double-blinded, parallel group trial conducted over 12 months. A total of 150 postpartum women were randomly selected to receive either 40 g of milk powder containing 300 mg of Ca and 5 μg of vitamin D (Low-Ca group) or same milk powder additionally fortified with 300 mg of Ca (Mid-Ca group) or 600 mg of Ca (High-Ca group). Bone mineral density (BMD) for the whole body, the lumbar spine, the total left hip and its sub-regions was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A total of 102 subjects completed the whole trial. The duration of total lactating time was 7·9 (sd 2·8) months on average. The intention-to-treat analysis yielded the following mean percentage changes in BMD for the whole body, the lumbar spine and the total left hip, respectively: −0·93 (sd 1·97), 2·11 (sd 4·90) and −1·60 (sd 2·65) % for the Low-Ca group; −0·56 (sd 1·89), 2·21 (sd 3·77) and −1·43 (sd 2·30) % for the Mid-Ca group; and −0·44 (sd 1·67), 2·32 (sd 4·66) and −0·95 (sd 4·08) % for the High-Ca group. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant (P: 0·5–0·9). The results of the complete case analysis were similar. In sum, we found no significant differences in the bone mineral changes from baseline to 12 months in postpartum lactating women consuming milk powder fortified with different levels of Ca.
Intake of dietary antioxidants is inversely associated with biomarkers of oxidative stress among men with prostate cancer
Authors: Vance Terrence M. , Azabdaftari Gissou , Pop Elena A. , Lee Sang Gil , Su L. Joseph , Fontham Elizabeth T. H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Steck Susan E. , Arab Lenore , Mohler James L. , Chen Ming-Hui , Koo Sung I. , Chun Ock K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProstate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men in the USA. Growing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. In this study, the association between antioxidants from diet and supplements and biomarkers of oxidative stress in blood (n 278), urine (n 298) and prostate tissue (n 55) were determined among men from the North Carolina-Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project. The association between antioxidant intake and oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and urine was determined using linear regression, adjusting for age, race, prostate cancer aggressiveness and smoking status. Greater antioxidant intake was found to be associated with lower urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations, with a 10 % increase in antioxidant intake corresponding to an unadjusted 1·1 % decrease in urinary 8-isoprostane levels (95 % CI −1·7, −0·3 %; P value<0·01) and an adjusted 0·6 % decrease (95 % CI −1·4, 0·2 %; P value=0·16). In benign prostate tissue, thioredoxin 1 was inversely associated with antioxidant intake (P=0·02). No significant associations were found for other blood or urinary biomarkers or for malignant prostate tissue. These results indicate that antioxidant intake may be associated with less oxidative stress among men diagnosed with prostate cancer.
Bronchoscopy in panendoscopy: review and assessment
Authors: Shahangian A , Damrose E J 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjective:To determine the utility of bronchoscopy to identify synchronous primaries in head and neck cancer patients.Study design:Case series with chart review.Method:The charts of all patients undergoing bronchoscopy between January 2008 and December 2013 were reviewed. Only those undergoing bronchoscopy as part of panendoscopy for head and neck cancer were included. Operative reports, pathology reports and discharge summaries were reviewed for operative findings, complications and length of hospital stay.Results:A total of 404 charts were reviewed and 168 were included in the study. No synchronous primaries were identified. Bronchoscopy changed clinical management in one patient. There were no complications from bronchoscopy.Conclusion:Bronchoscopy is a safe and well-tolerated procedure commonly performed in the investigation of head and neck cancer patients, but it adds little additional useful clinical information. Routine performance of bronchoscopy in this setting should be weighed against its added costs, and tailored to the individual patient.
Molecular studies reveal a new species of Bryoria in Chile
Authors: Boluda Carlos G. , Divakar Pradeep K. , Hawksworth David L. , Villagra Johana , Rico Víctor J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBryoria araucana sp. nov. is described from Chile on the basis of morphological, chemical and molecular data. It has a grey to dark greyish brown pendent thallus with the base usually black, branching angles mainly obtuse, terminal branches with few lateral branchlets acutely inserted, fumarprotocetraric acid, and often protocetraric and confumarprotocetraric acids. It is morphologically similar to the Northern Hemisphere B. trichodes, but lacks soralia and has inconspicuous concolorous or slightly darker pseudocyphellae. Bryoria glabra is also reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere. New phylogenetic data based on ITS, mtSSU and MCM7 analyses suggest that Bryoria sect. Bryoria is polyphyletic and needs revision.
New lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladia in New Zealand
Authors: Zhurbenko Mikhail P. , Pino-Bodas Raquel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe lichenicolous fungi Endococcus cladiae Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas, Lichenopeltella soiliae Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas and Lichenosticta hoegnabbae Zhurb. & Pino-Bodas are described as new to science from New Zealand growing on podetia of Cladia species. In addition to their host selection, Endococcus cladiae is distinguished by its ascospore size, (9·9–)11·5–14·1(–15·7) × (2·7–)3·1–3·9(–4·6) μm, Lichenopeltella soiliae by ascomata without ostiolar setae and production of 4-spored asci and 1-septate ascospore, occasionally with three pairs of setulae, and Lichenosticta hoegnabbae by comparatively long, bacilliform to fusiform conidia, (7·8–)9·1–10·9(–12·6) × (1·9–)2·1–2·3(–2·7) μm. Niesslia cladoniicola is reported for the first time from Australasia on C. aggregata in New Zealand. A key to the lichenicolous fungi growing on Cladia is provided.
Tremella cetrariellae(Tremellales, Basidiomycota, Fungi), a new lichenicolous fungus onCetrariella delisei
Authors: Millanes A. M. , Diederich P. , Westberg M. , Pippola E. , Wedin M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTremella cetrariicolais shown to be heterogeneous and to represent two phylogenetic sister species, which are shown here to be distinct in the morphology of the galls, basidia and basidiospores, and in their host selection.Tremella cetrariicolas. str. is confined toTuckermannopsis, whilst the material onCetrariella deliseiis described here as the newTremella cetrariellae. The new species is known from Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Svalbard, and Sweden.
Ultrastructure and molecular phylogeny of Pleistophora hyphessobryconis (Microsporidia) infecting hybrid jundiara (Leiarius marmoratus × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in a Brazilian aquaculture facility
Authors: WINTERS ANDREW D. , LANGOHR INGEBORG M. , SOUZA MARCOS DE A. , COLODEL EDSON M. , SOARES MAURO P. , FAISAL MOHAMED 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYA microsporidian infecting the skeletal muscle of hybrid jundiara (Leiarius marmoratus × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) in a commercial aquaculture facility in Brazil is described. Affected fish exhibited massive infections in the skeletal muscle that were characterized by large opaque foci throughout the affected fillets. Histologically, skeletal muscle was replaced by inflammatory cells and masses of microsporidial developmental stages. Generally pyriform spores had a wrinkled bi-layer spore wall and measured 4·0 × 6·0 µm. Multinucleate meronts surrounded by a simple plasma membrane were observed. The polar filament had an external membrane and a central electron dense mass. The development of sporoblasts within a sporophorous vesicle appeared synchronized. Ultrastructural observations and molecular analysis of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that the microsporidian was Pleistophora hyphessobryconis. This study is the first report of a P. hyphessobryconis infection in a non-ornamental fish.
FatalTheileria orientalisN2 genotype infection among Asian water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in a commercial dairy farm in Kerala, India
Authors: VINODKUMAR KULANGARA , SHYMA VARIKKOTTIL , JUSTIN DAVIS KOLLANNUR , ASHOK SIVASAILAM , ANU JOSEPH PARASSERY , MINI KATTILVEETIL , MUHAMMEDKUTTY VARIKKOTTIL , SASIDHARAN SUCHITHRA , CHULLIPPARAMBIL SUNANDA 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYFifteen dairy buffaloes of a farm in the state of Kerala, India developed fatal oriental theileriosis within 2 months of their procurement. Typical piroplasms ofTheileria orientaliswere observed in the erythrocytes of all affected animals by Giemsa–Leishman staining of blood smears. Case fatality rate was 87·5% (seven out of eight) in the clinically progressed cases. Therapeutic management with anti-theilerial drugs buparvaquone and oxytetracycline led to recovery of seven other animals in less advanced stages of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for increased virulence of this pathogen, hitherto considered to be benign. Acute haemolytic anaemia was the predominant haematological finding in the affected animals. Lymphocytic infiltration and degeneration of vital organs leading to functional derangement was the cause of the high mortality. Identification ofT. orientaliswas confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing of the PCR products revealed close identity with already reported sequences ofT. orientalis/buffeliN2 genotype. The sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession number KM609973 and KM043772.Rhipicephalusticks, previously not reported as vectors for oriental theileriosis, were identified as the potential vectors. This is the first report of fatal oriental theileriosis in Asian water buffaloes.
Horizontal path following for underactuated AUV based on dynamic circle guidance
Authors: Xinjing Huang , Yibo Li , Fei Du , Shijiu Jin 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYA 2D path following control method for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) based on dynamic circle heading modification (DCHM) is presented. The method makes a dynamic auxiliary circle, whose radius depends on the cross-track error e, to intersect the desired path to get a new expected path point, and then determines a modified expected heading for the AUV. The guidance function is achieved by a direct mapping between e and the heading modification value Ψm. Several cases are tested in order to demonstrate the performance of the guidance and control method based on DCHMs for a real AUV. Results show that methods using a convex mapping function between e and Ψm based on our new idea can easily achieve a better convergence of path following, and reduce the error between the actual and desired heading angles. We can also customize a discretionary mapping between e and Ψm to get better path following performance.