bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building healthy foundations: Screening for 4 D’s (defects at birth, diseases, deficiencies, and development delays) among under-five children under the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram program in Bengaluru, South India
Authors: Deepthi R. , Siraja Ameenah Anwar Hussain , Santhosh Gokul , Vinaya M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The 1st 2000 days of a child’s life from conception to five years of age are the most crucial days for early childhood development. The Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is an ongoing screening screening program aims to screen the children not only in these crucial years but until they are 18 years of age and routinely refers them to higher centers for further management. Our study aimed to determine the 4 Ds – defects, deficiency, disease, and disability for children under five years of age, screened under RBSK.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in one rural and two urban Primary Health Centers (PHCs) under the field practice area of government medical college in Bengaluru, South India. All the children registered under the anganawadi centers of the selected PHCs were included. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, and mid upper-arm circumference were collected. Data was also collected from RBSK reports.

Results:
Among the 760 children screened, 41.6% deficiencies, 2.6% childhood diseases, and 0.3% disabilities and zero (0) defects were detected.

Conclusion:
The reporting of deficiencies was substantial (41.6%) under the RBSK program. But, the reporting of developmental delay and defects was not regular and was very low. To enhance its effectiveness, strategies include improving infrastructure and resources, strengthening screening and early detection through trained health-care workers, and standardized tools. Capacity building and training for health-care professionals are essential, as is community engagement through awareness campaigns and collaboration with local organizations.
Knowledge and awareness about biomedical waste segregation and disposal among medical and paramedical students at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai
Authors: Abinaya V. , Devi V. Kalpana , Sivaranjani P. , Ananthi B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Wastes produced by health-care facilities are unique in terms of generation, composition, treatment, and disposal when compared to other general wastes. Inappropriate handling of biomedical waste (BMW) led to several health risks from sharps injuries, the spread of infections, and the release of toxic substances into the environment. Not many studies throw insight into the difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) across medical and paramedical students related to BMW segregation and disposal. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness levels regarding BMW segregation and disposal among medical and paramedical students at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India.

Methods:
A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 632 participants, including medical (3rd and 4th years) and paramedical students. The questionnaire assessed their KAP related to BMW management. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and a comparison was made between medical and paramedical students using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
The results revealed that medical students (3rd and 4th years) exhibited better KAP in BMW management than paramedical students. Medical students demonstrated a more comprehensive understanding of BMW segregation, disposal methods, and associated health risks. They also displayed a higher level of awareness regarding the importance of proper BMW management for environmental and public health protection.

Conclusion:
Our findings emphasize the need to strengthen educational interventions targeting paramedical students to enhance their understanding of proper BMW management practices.
Linking infant and young child feeding practices to Z-scores: Unraveling the impact on childhood stunting and wasting
Authors: Gosalia Vibha Vinodkumar , Jasani Krishna Mahendrabhai , Misra Late Shobha V. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Poor infant feeding practices predispose children to nutritional disorders which may persist into early childhood with life-long consequences. We aimed to find out prevalence of malnutrition among children aged less than six years and to assess infant and young children feeding practices and their impact on malnutrition.

Methods:
An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2021 and May 2022 among children up to six years of age registered in the Anganwadi centers of Rajkot district. Using the formula n = Z
2
pq/e
2, a sample size of 504 was estimated, including 10% nonresponders. Samples were drawn using a multistage simple random sampling method. The z scores related to the anthropometric measurements were estimated using the World Health Organization Anthro 2011 software. We reported prevalence of different types of malnutrition and infant and young child feeding practices. A logistic regression was used to identify significant factors for stunting and wasting (P < 0.05).

Results:
The mean age of the children was 32.43 months (SD 18.7 months). The prevalence of stunting and wasting was found 36.7% and 30.5%, respectively. The prevalence of prelacteal feeding practices was 72.8%. Less than one-fourth (21.4%) of children were exclusively breastfed and 77.9% of the children received complementary feeding at appropriate age. The binary logistic regression model showed that stunted growth was strongly associated with exclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods’ introduction at the appropriate age.

Conclusion:
As compared to national, state, and district averages, the prevalence of wasting was remarkably higher among children included in the study. In addition, the study underscores the disturbingly high prevalence of prelacteal feeding practices, which can have a detrimental effect on the health of newborns.
COVID-19 reduces immune competence and precipitates superinfections
Authors: Finsterer Josef , Scorza Fulvio A. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Whether infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be complicated by immune suppression is under debate, but the following case suggests decreased immune competence during and after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Case Report:
The patient is a 50-year-old woman with a previous history of transient hyperthyroidism, allergy against ambrosia, and burn-out syndrome, who experienced a mild infection with SARS-CoV-2 during which she developed candida pharyngitis, which was successfully treated with miconazole. Twenty-eight days after clinical recovery from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, she developed right-sided zoster oticus with vestibular neuronitis and was successfully treated with acyclovir.

Conclusions:
The case suggests that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can weaken immune competence and precipitate the development of candidiasis and focal infection with the zoster virus. Even mild infections with SARS-CoV-2 may be complicated by immune-compromise and immune-concomitant superinfections, which is why coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients should strengthen their immune system not only during but also after the infection.
A cross sectional study of determinants of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women with special reference to anthropometric and lifestyle factors in an urban slum of Mumbai
Authors: Mer Hetal Tejas , Jenifa JB , Rawat Shalini , Kadiyala Prathyusha 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Osteoporosis significantly compromises the quality of life of postmenopausal women. There are DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) losses for postmenopausal women who suffer from osteoporosis. Therefore, this study was taken up with the objective to determine prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women and to study the association of their anthropometric parameters and lifestyle factors with their bone mineral density (BMD). To study the determinants of BMD among postmenopausal women with special reference to anthropometric and lifestyle factors in an urban slum.

Materials and Methods:
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slum of Mumbai. The study was conducted among 148 postmenopausal women. BMD of the study group was measured using portable, noninvasive Calcaneum Ultrasound Bone Densitometer, and T-score reading was noted. Lifestyle factors and dietary habits were assessed through a prestructured, validated questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated with a standard procedure. No trial was conducted in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20) was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of osteopenia among study participants was found to be 43.9% and that of osteoporosis was 12.8%. Their BMI was in the range of 16.44–39.18 kg/m2. Walking, stretching exercises, and yoga were the form of exercise being practiced by 29.1% of postmenopausal women.

Conclusions:
BMD was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status, BMI, exercise, walking, and consumption of fruits. Negative correlation was found between duration since menopause and BMD T-score reading, which implied that duration since menopause had an inverse relationship with BMD.
Prediction equations for detecting COVID-19 infection using basic laboratory parameters
Authors: Dasgupta Shirin , Das Shuvankar , Chakraborty Debarghya 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic during 2019 to 2022. The gold standard method of detecting this disease is reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). However, RT-PCR has a number of shortcomings. Hence, the objective is to propose a cheap and effective method of detecting COVID-19 infection by using machine learning (ML) techniques, which encompasses five basic parameters as an alternative to the costly RT-PCR.

Materials and Methods:
Two machine learning-based predictive models, namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), are designed for predicting COVID-19 infection as a cheaper and simpler alternative to RT-PCR utilizing five basic parameters [i.e., age, total leucocyte count, red blood cell count, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP)]. Each of these parameters was studied, and correlation is drawn with COVID-19 diagnosis and progression. These laboratory parameters were evaluated in 171 patients who presented with symptoms suspicious of COVID-19 in a hospital at Kharagpur, India, from April to August 2022. Out of a total of 171 patients, 88 and 83 were found to be COVID-19-negative and COVID-19-positive, respectively.

Results:
The accuracies of the predicted class are found to be 97.06% and 91.18% for ANN and MARS, respectively. CRP is found to be the most significant input parameter. Finally, two predictive mathematical equations for each ML model are provided, which can be quite useful to detect the COVID-19 infection easily.

Conclusion:
It is expected that the present study will be useful to the medical practitioners for predicting the COVID-19 infection in patients based on only five very basic parameters.
Prevalence and factors contributing to stunted growth in young children of Khordha district, Odisha: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Sah Rahul K. , Panda Paramjot , Agrawal Sanjana , Tripathy Snehasish , Negi Sapna , Mehta Vini 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Stunting, indicating chronic malnutrition in children, remains a pressing concern globally, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India, despite substantial efforts, continues to grapple with high rates of stunting, impacting child development and health outcomes. Understanding the multifaceted factors contributing to stunting is crucial for targeted interventions and policy formulation.

Methods:
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Balipatana, Khordha district, Odisha, India among 400 children. A survey employing structured questionnaires and WHO Anthropometric guidelines for data collection was used. Statistical analyses including Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used to uncover significant associations.

Results:
The study revealed a stunting prevalence of 28% among children under five, with 7% severe and 21% moderate stunting. Regression analysis revealed key risk factors included low birth weight (1.5–2.5 kg), parental illiteracy, lower household income (Rs. 1000–15000), inadequate toilet facilities, and specific drinking water sources.

Conclusion:
The findings align with global concerns about stunting, emphasizing the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors. Interventions targeting parental education, household economic status, and improving sanitation and drinking water facilities are imperative. By addressing these factors, focused efforts can be made to reduce childhood stunting, ensuring a healthier future for the nation’s children.
The role of ICDS services on early childhood development: A cross-sectional study in Hyderabad, Telangana
Authors: Malla Sai Sreeharshita , Kannuri Nanda Kishore , Agiwal Varun , Nirupama AY , Ballabh Hira Pant 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Integrated child development services (ICDS) include supplementary nutrition, nutrition and health education, health check-ups, immunization, preschool education, and referral services targeted at beneficiaries including pregnant and lactating mothers, children below six years, and women of reproductive age. Specific interventions are implemented to support children for a higher developmental outcome.

Objectives:
The aims of this study are (1) to compare the development of ICDS beneficiaries in the age group of 4–6 years with the dropouts, (2) to assess caregiver practices among mothers of beneficiaries and the dropouts, and (3) to understand the perceptions of Anganwadi workers (AWWs) on early child development (ECD) and ICDS services.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted for two months in select Anganwadi centers (AWCs) of Hyderabad. AWCs were selected through multi-stage sampling. Respondents included 114 mothers and five AWWs. Quantitative data was collected by a questionnaire and qualitative data through an interview guide. Proportions were estimated for description. STATA 14.0 was used to find out correlates of development in children through unpaired t-test, Chi-square test, and logistic regression. Thematic analysis was done for qualitative data.

Results:
About 68.42% and 33.33% of children from the beneficiary group were found to show normal cognitive and emotional development when compared to the dropout group (59.65% and 21.05%, respectively). KAP assessment revealed no significant difference between the mothers of dropouts and beneficiaries. Lack of infrastructure and poor attention to preschool activities were identified as reasons for dropout.

Conclusion:
Improving infrastructure, capacity building of AWWs, and reducing their workload will help in focusing on ECD-related activities at ICDS centers.
Perception of MBBS Students to Flipped Classroom Approach during the COVID-19 Pandemic Confinement: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Patil Prashant M. , Kathrotia Rajesh , Singh Jayvardhan , Mahadule Ashwini A , Goel Arun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted medical education, necessitating the adoption of remote teaching methods. One such approach is the flipped classroom (FC), where students learn independently through pre-recorded lectures and other online resources before attending virtual interactive sessions.

Aim:
We aimed to assess the perception of 1st-year MBBS about FC Model, in terms of their learning and academic progress.

Methods:
To assess students’ perception regarding flipped class model, a priorly validated semi-structured questionnaire was used. In part 1, students were asked to rate their perceptions on Likert scale of 1–5. Part 2 of the questionnaire was regarding students’ involvement in a FC.

Results:
More than 60% agreed that slides of lecture and other lecture material should be given in advance. Majority (>72%) agreed that lecture time was sufficient for the discussion of the topic. More than 50% suggested that slides can be used for future reference. A large majority >90% agreed that discussion of the topic is required in the classroom and only material reading or discussion with peers is not sufficient. Most of the students (70%) did not discuss slides or lecture material with classmates or peers. Majority had gone through the slides before the lecture at least sometimes, whereas more than 60% preferred going through the slides and discussing with peers after the lecture.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study show a positive perception and liking of students towards FC approach.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PSEUDO-RELIGION
Authors: Silalahi Bonnarty Steven 
Published: June 2024

The documentary film "In the Name of God: The Holy Betrayal" records interviews with former followers of four sects in South Korea, namely Jesus Morning Star/Jeong Myeong-seok, Five Oceans, Baby Garden, and Manmin Central Church. Through a case study, five similarities were found among these sects, namely individual cult (worshiping their leaders), religious fraud (misuse of money), religious abuse (exploitation to sexual harassment), isolation and exclusivism, and extreme mysticism. These five similarities are covered by a fanaticism that makes followers not question or criticize teachings, even if they are contrary to the law. Through a literature review of the cases in this documentary, this research concludes that these five similarities are part of the sect's character. This analysis has significance for introducing Christian movements and tendencies for teachings to become pseudo-religions.

Film dokumenter “In the Name of God: The Holy Betrayal” merekam wawancara dari mantan pengikut empat sekte di Korea Selatan, yakni Jesus Morning Star/ Jeong Myeong-seok, Five Oceans, Baby Garden dan Manmin Central Church. Melalui studi kasus yang dilakukan, ditemukan lima kesamaan sekte ini, yakni kultus individual (menuhankan pemimpinnya), religious fraud (penyalahgunaan uang), religious abuse (eksploitasi hingga pelecehan seksual), isolasi dan eksklusifisme serta mistisisme ekstrim. Kelima kesamaan ini ditambah dengan sikap fanatisme yang membuat pengikutnya tidak mempertanyakan atau melakukan kritik terhadap ajaran-ajaran, meskipun itu bertentangan dengan hukum. Melalui studi pustaka atas kasus-kasus dalam dokumenter ini, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kelima kesamaan tersebut adalah sebagian dari karakter sekte. Analisis ini memiliki signifikansi bagi pengenalan gerakan Kekristenan dan kecenderungan ajaran menjadi agama semu.
Gesetzgeber als Helden: Figuren der Ermächtigung zwischen Antike und Moderne
Authors: Eckert Georg , Meurer Sebastian 
Published: June 2024

Eine Geschichte des Gesetzgebers als Figur der Ermächtigung, als Heldenfigur, von der Antike bis zur Moderne. Gesetzgeber stellen einen eigenen Heldentypus dar. Insbesondere vom 17. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert haben Figuren von Gesetz- oder Verfassungsgebern in Europa und den Amerikas breite Geltung erlangt: von James Harringtons fiktivem Olphaus Megaletor über verklärte Gründerväter der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bis hin zu gescheiterten Verfassungsschöpfern der Frankfurter Paulskirche. Ihre Verehrung, mit der eine Zuweisung von Ermächtigungen verbunden war, erwuchs auf der Basis eines präfigurativen Kanons. Antike Gestalten wie Lykurg und Solon, aber auch der biblische Moses, selbst Konfuzius dienten als Vorbilder. Solche idealisierten Alleinherrscher zeichneten sich durch geradezu übermenschliche Tugendzuschreibungen aus. Immerhin mussten sich die heroisierten Gesetzgeber als besonderer Vollmachten würdig erweisen - um diese nach vollbrachter Tat zugunsten des Gemeinwohls aus freien Stücken wieder aufzugeben. So trat der Gesetzgeber oftmals als anti-tyrannischer Held des Verzichts auf, der sich selbst nach Inkrafttreten der neuen Gesetze überflüssig macht und dessen Tugend als eine Art legislatives Gründungscharisma weiterwirkt.
Pengaruh Stres Kerja Dan Konflik Kerja Terhadap Semangat Kerja Dan Kinerja Karyawan Studi Pada BPR Kawan Malang
Authors: Siti Nur Aisah  
Published: June 2024

Objektif. Meneliti seberapa besar stres kerja dan konflik kerja mempengaruhi semangat kerja dan kinerja karyawan.
Material and Metode. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu asosiatif kausal, pendekatan kuantitatif dan populasi sebanyak 60.
Hasil. Stres kerja (X1) dan disiplin kerja (X2) terhadap semangat kerja (Y1) dan kinerja karyawan (Y2) hasil dari analisis jalur persamaan regresi Y2= 0,463X1+0,236X2+0,247Y1, menunjukkan stres kerja dan disiplin kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap semangat kerja dan kinerja karyawan.
Kesimpulan. Stres kerja dan konflik kerja mempunyai pengaruh terhadap semangat kerja dan kinerja karyawan.
Đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và kết quả điều trị bệnh nhân nhiễm toan ceton đái tháo đường tại khoa Hồi sức tích cực – Chống độc, Bệnh viện đa khoa Trung tâm Tiền Giang
Authors: Lê Phúc Trường Thịnh 
Published: June 2024

Đặt vấn đề: Nhiễm toan ceton là một trong những tình huống cấp cứu nội khoa thường gặp ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường với tỉ lệ tử vong cao, đòi hỏi chẩn đoán và điều trị sớm và tích cực. Tần suất bệnh ở Mỹ là 4,1- 8 trên 1000 bệnh nhân đái tháo đường mi năm. Tỉ lệ tử vong 1-19%, tùy vào độ tuổi. Nguyên nhân nhiễm toan ceton thường xảy ra trên bệnh nhân đái tháo đường type 1 hơn là type 2, được khởi phát do một số yếu tố như: nhiễm trùng nặng (30-50%), ngưng điều trị insulin (10%) liên quan tâm thần, kinh tế và xã hội, thai nghén thiếu theo dõi…. Mục tiêu: (1) Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân đái tháo đường nhiễm toan ceton. (2) Khảo sát kết quả điều trị nhiễm toan ceton ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường và một số yếu tố liên quan. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang, chọn bệnh nhân đái tháo đường nhiễm toan ceton. Kết quả: có16 trường hợp được chọn. Giới: nữ(62,5%), nam (37,5%). Tuổi: 16-30 (18,8%), 30-45 (43,8%), 45-60 (25%), >60 (12,5%). Đái tháo đường type 1 (56,2%), type 2 (43,8%). Yếu tố khởi phát: chưa được chẩn đoán (37,5%), nhiễm trùng (25%), bỏ trị (18,8%), stress (6,2%). Triệu chứng cơ năng: mệt mỏi, chán ăn (100%), Khát nhiều, uống nhiều, tiểu nhiều (87,5%), ngủ gà, mơ màng (75%), buồn nôn (43,8%), đau bụng (25%). Triệu chứng thực thể: tim nhanh (100%), mất nước (100%), thở Kusmaul (81,3%), suy giảm ý thức (75%), hạ huyết áp (31,3%), thở mùi ceton (25%). Cận lâm sàng: glucose máu (392,8±27,3mmol/l), pH máu (6,9±1,2), HCO3 (9,01±2,3mmol/l), ceton niệu: 11,6±3,2mEq/l. Tai biến: hạ kali (6,3%), hạ đường huyết (12,5%). Tỉ lệ tử vong (12,5%). Tỉ lệ tử vong ở nhóm lần lượt là: nam (16,7%), nữ (10%), trên 60 tuổi (50%), dưới 60 tuổi (7,1%), type 1 (11,1%), type 2 (13,3%), nhiễm toan mức độ vừa (16,7%), nặng (33,3%), ceton niệu 3+ (18,2%), có kèm tăng áp lực thẩm thấu (50%), không kèm (7,1%), mê (20%), tỉnh (9,1%) với p>0,05. Kết luận: Nữ nhiều hơn nam. Độ tuổi 30-45 chiếm tỉ lệ cao nhất. Tỉ lệ đái tháo đường type 1 nhiều hơn type 2. Yếu tố khởi phát chủ yếu là do đái tháo đường chưa được chẩn đoán 37,5%. Triệu chứng lâm sàng chủ yếu là: mệt mỏi (100%), khát nhiều (87,5%), ngủ gà (75%); tim nhanh (100%), mất nước (100%). Tai biến: hạ kali (6,3%), hạ đường huyết (12,5%). Tỉ lệ tử vong là 12,5%. Sự khác biệt về tỉ lệ tử vong giữa các nhóm nguy cơ chưa có ý nghĩa thống kê. Kiến nghị: Tư vấn, giáo dục sức khỏe bệnh nhân tuân thủ điều trị. Theo dõi sát tai biến điều trị. Cần nhiều nghiên cứu có số lượng mẫu lớn hơn.