bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Bilateral Internal Iliac Ligation for Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage as Life Saving Measure in Private Nursing Homes in Semi-urban Settings
Authors: Shete Abhay , Kulkarni Meghana , Shete Kalpana , Walimbe Kedar , Mulla Firoz 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
A study of 30 cases that underwent emergency bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (EBIIAL) from June 2006 to April 2013 at private nursing homes, which can be best described as secondary level healthcare units, was undertaken to assess the efficacy and the outcome of the procedure in managing labors complicated by postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The obstetricians managing the cases preferred to preserve the uterus for menstrual and future child bearing option and deferred obstetric hysterectomy. The procedure of embolization of uterine artery is available at tertiary care setups which are about 20 to 50 km away from the place of delivery requiring transfer of the parturient increasing the burden on the family and relatives of the parturient. EBIIAL done at the place where the parturient delivers has helped in stemming the transfers and preserving the menstrual and fertility options. The early diagnosis and recognition of failure of the uterotonic agents to control PPH helps in identifying those cases that would benefit from EBIIAL. This helps in reducing the inadvertent blood loss that occurs during atonic PPH and also minimizing the requirement for blood transfusions. In our study three parturient had to be transferred following EBIIAL for management of early disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and one for diagnosing of associated Berger's disease that was suspected after noticing temperature difference in the limbs following ligation of her iliac arteries.

How to cite this article
Shete A, Kulkarni M, Shete K, Walimbe K, Mulla F. Emergency Bilateral Internal Iliac Ligation for Managing Postpartum Hemorrhage as Life Saving Measure in Private Nursing Homes in Semi-urban Settings. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):79-82.
Primary Amenorrhea in a Thalassemia Major
Authors: Aggarwal Rohina S , Mishra Vineet V , Ninama Shilpa , Dudhat Astha 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Thalassemia major is a severe type of hemolytic anemia. Hypertransfusion therapy in these patients can lead to iron overload and iron tissue toxicity leading to structural, metabolic and endocrine abnormalities.

Case Report
We hereby present a case of 16-year-old unmarried girl with thalassemia major presenting with primary amenorrhea and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. A thorough history, clinical examination, laboratory and radiological investigations were conducted. These tests confirmed the diagnosis of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Patient was started on hormone replacement therapy. She is on regular follow-up and compliant with her treatment.

Conclusion
Timely recognition and management of hypertransfusion therapy in thalassemia major patients will have a favorable psychological outcome and improves the quality of life.

How to cite this article
Mishra VV, Choudhary S, Aggarwal RS, Ninama S, Dudhat A. Primary Amenorrhea in a Thalassemia Major. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):114-115.
Diprosopus: A Rare Conjoined Twin
Authors: Ghike Sunita , Joshi Sulbha , Jain Sheela , Vaidya Madhuri 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Diprosopus twin is a rare form of conjoined twin with incidence of one case in 180000 to 15 million births. This is a rare congenital anomaly whereby face is duplicated on the head. Usually, this type of fetuses are stillborn. A 24 years unregistered primigravida presented to our hospital at 26 weeks of gestation. On clinical examination and after ultrasonography, anencephaly and polyhydramnios was diagnosed. Labor was induced considering nonviable fetus due to anencephaly. The born fetus was female baby weighing 2.2 kg. It was a fresh stillborn with external features showing two faces, two sets of eyeballs, two sets of ears with medial ears fused, two noses and two mouths with single body. Fetus had anencephaly with proptosed eyeball. So far, very few cases are reported.

How to cite this article
Vaidya M, Ghike S, Jain S, Joshi S. Diprosopus: A Rare Conjoined Twin. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2014;6(2):116-117.
Caries, Oral Health Knowledge, Behavior, and Barriers to Care Among a Group of Urban Poor in the Philippines: An Overview
Authors: Hoover Jay , Karunanayake Chandima , Torresyap Vincent , Hayes Alyssa 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To provide an overview of the caries status and needs, knowledge, behavior and barriers to oral health in a group of adults from a poor urban community in the Philippines.

Materials and methods
401 subjects aged 16 to 85 years (Mean ± SD: 41.4 ± 15.2) were assessed for caries status and needs, oral mucosal lesions and fluorosis using the 1997 WHO format and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The examinations were conducted in natural light with a mouth mirror and an explorer with the subject seated in a regular chair. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the means and Chi-square and Fisher's exact test was used to compare the proportions. The significance level was set at ɑ = 0.05.

Results
The mean DMFT for the whole sample was 15.59. Older adults had more missing teeth compared to their younger counterparts (0.73 MT for ≤ 20 years; 22.13 MT for ≥ 71 years) while the number of mean untreated decay was higher among the younger age cohorts with those aged 21 to 30 years of age experiencing the most untreated decay (DT of 9.37). The need for extractions increased with age (1.70; SD 1.92 teeth in 61- 70 year-olds) and the need for multi-surface fillings (6.59, SD 2.86) was greatest among young adults. In general, the oral health knowledge and awareness of the importance of good oral hygiene was high, however, only 33% reported seeing a dentist in the previous 2 years. Over 82% reported their perceived oral health as fair to poor, suggesting that this urban, poor population is aware of their needs, but face financial barriers to acting on this perceived need.

Conclusion
A large percentage of the present sample of Filipino adults had significant unmet caries needs and adequate finances were the main barrier to seeking care at a dental office.

How to cite this article
Torresyap V, Hayes A, Hoover J, Karu- nanayake C. Caries, Oral Health Knowledge, Behavior, and Barriers to Care Among a Group of Urban Poor in the Philippines: An Overview. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):39-45.
Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology
Authors: Dhakshaini MR , Satpathy Ashish 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Dental records and forensic odontology is in use to identify victims. The earliest known example by dental means dates back to 66 AD. It relies on sound knowledge of teeth and jaws, possessed by dentist and incorporates dental anatomy, histology, radiography, dental materials and developmental anomalies. Forensic is derived from the latin word ‘forum’ which means ‘court of law’.
Odontology → study of teeth. Defined as that branch of dentistry which, in the interest of justice, deals with the proper handling and examination of dental evidence, and with the proper evaluation and presentation of dental findings. Role of prosthodontist to identify and maintain dental records is becoming increasingly important.

How to cite this article
Dhakshaini MR, Satpathy A. Contribution of a Prosthodontist in the Field of Forensic Odontology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(2):56-59.
Role of TEE in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rana Sandeep Singh , Kumar Balbir , J Sethu Madhavan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Complex congenital heart diseases (CHD) often present as multiple cardiac lesions. The presence of one anomaly should stimulate the physician to perform a comprehensive assessment and look for other associated anomalies.1 Multimodal imaging may be necessary to diagnose such associated lesions as single imaging may occasionally miss them. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are complimentary to each other. Routine use of TEE during intraoperative period may help us to refine diagnosis, detect the missing components and guide effective surgical repair. We present one such case where diagnosis and management were optimized by multimodal imaging.

How to cite this article
Kumar B, Madhavan JS, Puri GD, Rana SS. Role of TEE in Improving Diagnostic Accuracy of Congenital Heart Disease. J Perioper Echocardiogr 2014;2(2):68-70.
A Performance da Oralidade Docente
Authors: Icle Gilberto , Dal Belo Marcia 
Published: November 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1984644413936Este texto apresenta a oralidade docente como performance, apoiando-se em diferentes autores para caracterizar o trabalho dos professores de teatro. Utiliza-se do trabalho de Stanislavski para exemplificar as situações entre ator e professor. Discute-se, com efeito, a centralidade da oralidade como conteúdo e como método próprio do trabalho teatral. Problematiza-se, assim, a oralidade do professor como instrumento por intermédio do qual o professo poetiza sua própria voz, tornando-a veículo do trabalho pedagógico. Este texto apoia-se, especialmente, em Bauman, Zumthor e Schechner para circunscrever a oralidade docente como temática central da didática teatral. Defende-se a possibilidade de pensar a tarefa pedagógica em teatro como ato de performance oral.
The disproportionate burden of HIV and STIs among male sex workers in Mexico City and the rationale for economic incentives to reduce risks
Authors: Galárraga Omar , Sosa‐Rubí Sandra G , González Andrea , Badial‐Hernández Florentino , Conde‐Glez Carlos J , Juárez‐Figueroa Luis , Bautista‐Arredondo Sergio , Kuo Caroline , Operario Don , Mayer Kenneth H 
Published: November 2014

IntroductionThe objective of this article is to present the rationale and baseline results for a randomized controlled pilot trial using economic incentives to reduce HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk among male sex workers (MSWs) in Mexico City.MethodsParticipants (n=267) were tested and treated for STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis and HIV) and viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C), received HIV and STI prevention education and were randomized into four groups: (1) control, (2) medium conditional incentive ($50/six months), (3) high conditional incentive ($75/six months) and (4) unconditional incentive ($50/six months). In the conditional arms, incentives were contingent upon testing free of new curable STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis) at follow‐up assessments.ResultsParticipants’ mean age was 25 years; 8% were homeless or lived in a shelter, 16% were unemployed and 21% lived in Mexico City less than 5 years. At baseline, 38% were living with HIV, and 32% tested positive for viral hepatitis or at least one STI (other than HIV). Participants had a mean of five male clients in the previous week; 18% reported condomless sex with their last client. For 37%, sex work was their main occupation and was conducted mainly on the streets (51%) or in bars/discotheques (24%) and hotels (24%). The average price for a sex transaction was $25 with a 35% higher payment for condomless sex.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that economic incentives are a relevant approach for HIV prevention among MSWs, given the market‐based inducements for unprotected sex. This type of targeted intervention seems to be justified and should continue to be explored in the context of combination prevention efforts.
Secondary organic aerosol model intercomparison based on secondary organic aerosol to odd oxygen ratio in Tokyo
Authors: Morino Yu , Tanabe Kiyoshi , Sato Kei , Ohara Toshimasa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImprovement of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) models is critical for accurate understanding of the behavior and sources of atmospheric aerosols. Over the last decade, a number of SOA production pathways were discovered, and several new SOA models have been developed. However, few comparative studies of the performances of the various SOA models have been conducted. In this study, simulation data obtained with five SOA models (two yield models, a volatility basis set (VBS) model, a mechanistic model, and a near‐explicit model) were compared. The performances of the models were evaluated by comparison of the simulated data with observed ratios of the SOA concentration to odd oxygen concentration ([SOA]/[Ox], where [Ox] = [O3] + [NO2]) in the Tokyo metropolitan area. In Tokyo, SOA concentrations have been shown to correlate well with Ox concentrations; thus, Tokyo is an appropriate location for this intercomparison study. All five models showed similar results for the concentrations of gaseous species, including ozone, reactive nitrogen, hydroxy radicals, and volatile organic compounds. In contrast, the simulated SOA concentrations varied substantially among the five models. The VBS model reproduced the observed [SOA]/[Ox] ratio well, whereas the other four models substantially underestimated the ratio. The sensitivity of the ratio to various input parameters differed substantially among the models, as did the volatility distribution of SOA and the source contributions of SOA, suggesting that the choice of SOA model is critical for accurate assessment of the atmospheric behavior and sources of SOA.
Evolution of the specific surface area of snow during high‐temperature gradient metamorphism
Authors: Wang Xuan , Baker Ian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe structural evolution of low‐density snow under a high‐temperature gradient over a short period usually takes place in the surface layers on clear, cold nights. In this paper, X‐ray computed microtomography (microCT) was combined with numerical simulations to investigate the temperature gradient metamorphism (TGM) on different types of snow. Precipitation particles (PP), small rounded particles (RGsr), and large rounded particles (RGlr) were each observed in high‐temperature gradients (100–500 K m−1) at a mean temperature of −4°C. The specific surface area (SSA) was used to characterize the TGM, which were influenced by both the magnitude of the temperature gradient and the initial snow structures. PP samples experienced a logarithmic decrease of SSA with time, and the depth hoar structures created under high TGM (500 K m−1) have higher SSA compared to those under lower TGM. Unlike previous observations, for initial rounded and connected structures, like RGlr samples, the SSA increased during TGM. Simulated normal vapor flux distributions for different snow types were used to help understand the structural evolution under TGM. Understanding the SSA increase is important in order to predict the enhanced uptake of chemical species by snow or increase in snow albedo.
Nucleic Acid Backbone Structure Variations: Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Nielsen Peter E 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Synthetic analogues and mimics of the natural genetic material deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are potential gene therapeutic (antisense or antigene) drugs. One of these mimics, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), are chemically closer to peptides and proteins than to DNA, but nonetheless have retained many of the structural properties of DNA. These molecules have found applications as probes in genetic diagnostics and are also being developed into antisense (ribonucleic acid (RNA) interference) gene therapeutic drugs, targeting selected genes through sequence‐specific recognition of (messenger or micro)RNA, and in the future also antigene applications targeting the double‐stranded DNA of the genes themselves leading to gene silencing or guiding specific gene repair. Finally, the special chemical and structural properties of PNA suggest that these or similar molecules might have played a role in the prebiotic origin of life (on Earth) and also could be interesting components of possible artificial life.

Key Concepts:

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic in which the backbone consists of a charge neutral pseudo peptide.

Peptide nucleic acids can be designed to bind sequence selectively to duplex DNA and thus may function as ‘antigene’ drugs.

A range of chemical structures can mimic various functions of our genetic material, the DNA.

Chemical modifications and structural mimics of DNA are useful as genetic diagnostic probes and are being developed into gene therapeutic drugs.

RNA interference drug sequences specifically bind to cellular (messenger or micro)‐RNA and interfere with (inhibit) their function.

Prebiotic origin of life could have involved peptide nucleic acid molecules as predecessors of RNA.
Genetic Discrimination
Authors: Hoy Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Knowledge about the relationship between genes and health, as well as genes and behaviour, is expanding rapidly. Genetic and other predictive tests are becoming less expensive and so knowledge about individuals’ genetic backgrounds is likely to become commonplace. Although such information holds the promise of eventually being very useful in the context of improving health outcomes for individuals, it has long been recognised that this promise may be accompanied by the threat of increased genetic discrimination, most notably in insurance markets. Genetic discrimination may also arise in personal and social spheres of life. Each aspect creates different types of problems. Thus, different types of remedies or responses are in order. This article reviews the ethical and economic aspects of this new information from a variety of normative perspectives and considers the appropriateness of the sorts of regulations recently put in place to limit its adverse social implications.

Key Concepts:

Genetic information can lead to improved decision‐making and treatments for people's health but may also lead to discrimination in insurance markets and beyond.

Many academics and members of the public believe that charging different prices to different people based on genetic test results is unfairly discriminatory.

However, many insurance market analysts believe individuals at higher risk of death or higher need of healthcare should pay more for insurance regardless of what causes their higher risk status.

Economic arguments can be made that not charging risk‐relevant prices for insurance will discourage ‘better’ risks from participating in the market for insurance and this will lead to higher overall prices for insurance.

The conflicting views noted above have led to unresolved issues regarding the appropriate regulation of genetic information in the area of insurance pricing.

Genetic discrimination may also increase in areas of personal or social relations where market regulations are not effective remedies.

Education about genetic differences may be an appropriate alternative mechanism for dealing with genetic discrimination in the personal and social spheres.
The Molecular Genetics of Trisomy 18: Phenotype–Genotype Correlations
Authors: Peron Angela , Carey John C 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

The trisomy 18 syndrome can result from a full, mosaic, or partial trisomy 18. The main clinical findings of full trisomy 18 consist of prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency, characteristic facial features, clenched hands with overriding fingers and nail hypoplasia, short sternum, short hallux, major malformations, especially of the heart, and profound intellectual disability in the surviving older children. The phenotype of partial trisomy 18 is extremely variable. The aim of this article is to systematically review the scientific literature on patients with partial trisomy 18 in order to identify regions of chromosome 18 that may be responsible for the specific clinical features of the trisomy 18 syndrome. We confirmed that trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 18 does not seem to cause the major features. However, we found candidate regions on the long arm of chromosome 18 for some of the characteristic clinical features, and thus a phenotypic map is proposed. Our findings confirm the hypothesis that single critical regions/candidate genes are likely to be responsible for specific characteristics of the syndrome, while a single critical region for the whole Edwards syndrome phenotype is unlikely to exist.

Key Concepts:

The phenotype of human chromosomal syndromes is comprised of the individual component manifestations of the condition.

Using case descriptions of patients with partial trisomy of a segment of a chromosome, an investigator can potentially map the well‐defined and more specific phenotypic findings to a region of the chromosome. Narrowing a region allows for review of the known genes in the region and for hypothesising the causative gene(s) for the phenotype.

The certainty in inferring a causative region or individual gene for a component manifestation depends on the specificity and consistency of occurrence of the individual feature.

Correlations of phenotypes with genotypes can lead to detection of candidate genes which provide insight into disease mechanisms and ideally into the development of strategies for therapeutic intervention and prevention.

The findings in this paper confirm the hypothesis that single critical regions/candidate genes are likely to be responsible for specific characteristics of the syndrome, while a single critical region for the whole Edwards syndrome phenotype is unlikely to exist.
Formation of molecular nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide during high‐temperature pyrolysis of coals
Authors: Tsubouchi Naoto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNitrogen and sulfur release from eleven coals during pyrolysis at high temperatures (≥1000 °C) was studied in both fixed‐bed and free‐fall quartz reactors. Yields of N2, char‐N and H2S were found to depend strongly on the pyrolysis conditions, such that N2 and H2S yields increased with increasing pyrolysis temperature and coal particle residence time, whereas char‐N decreased. There was also a strong inverse correlation between N2 and char‐N yields, suggesting that the majority of N2 is produced from char‐N through solid‐phase reactions. H2S formation had no clear relationship with the carbon and sulfur contents of the parent coal. Demineralization with HCl washing was observed to remove primarily Ca2+ cations from four low rank coals examined and to increase the char‐N and H2S yields but decrease N2 generation. In contrast, the addition of 3 wt% Ca to the four coals drastically enhanced N2 formation and suppressed the formation of char‐N and H2S. The X‐ray diffraction analysis of the chars derived from Ca‐loaded coals revealed that the Ca was present primarily as CaO with an average crystallite size of 15–45 nm, and that the presence of the Ca promoted carbon crystallization. Small diffraction peaks due to CaS were also observed. Fine particles of CaO may not only promote N2 formation through solid phase reactions of char‐N but undergo sulfur capture reactions. A mechanism for the Ca‐catalyzed N2 formation was discussed in terms of solid–solid reactions between CaO particles and char‐N. © 2014 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.