bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of left renal vein entrapment using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Poyraz Ahmet K , Firdolas Fatih , Onur Mehmet R , Kocakoc Ercan 
Published: November 2012

Background Nutcracker syndrome, also called left renal vein entrapment syndrome, is a cause of non-glomerular hematuria with difficulties in diagnosis. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a powerful tool to prevent unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Purpose To retrospectively determine the prevalence of nutcracker phenomenon and nutcracker syndrome seen in MDCT in consecutive patients. Material and Methods The institutional review board approved the study and waived the requirement for informed consent. Abdominal contrast-enhanced MDCT scans were reviewed from 1000 consecutive patients. MDCT scan assessment included renal vein diameter measurements and evaluation for the presence of anterior or posterior left renal vein entrapment. Electronic medical records and urine analysis reports of patients with left renal vein entrapment were reviewed. Student's t test was used to assess differences in renal vein diameter in patients with left renal vein entrapment. Results Left renal vein entrapment was observed in 10.9% (109), retro-aortic left renal vein in 6.5% (65), entrapment of left renal vein between superior mesenteric artery and aorta in 4.1% (41), and circumaortic left renal vein in 0.3% ( 3 ) of patients. Mean diameters of right (8.8±1.9 mm) and unentrapped left (8.9±1.8 mm) renal veins were not significantly different ( P = 0.1). The mean diameter of anterior entrapped left renal veins (10.3±2 mm) was significantly greater ( P = 0.04) than contralateral renal veins (8.6±2.1 mm) in their widest portion. In 8.8% of patients with the left renal vein entrapment, urine analysis showed isomorphic hematuria or proteinuria with no other known cause. Varicocele and pelvic congestion were seen in 5.5% of patients with the left renal vein entrapment. Conclusion Left renal vein entrapment is not a rare entity and renal nutcracker phenomenon might be underdiagnosed.
Acute febrile illness in cirrhosis – thinking beyond spontaneous bacterial peritonitis!
Authors: Jain Ajay K , Sircar Shohini , Jain Mayank , Adkar Sagar , Waghmare Chandrashekhar , Chahwala Fatema 
Published: November 2012

Summary The aim of this study was to look at the aetiological factors presenting as acute febrile illness in cirrhotic patients. The study group included all cirrhotic patients admitted as inpatients between January and December 2011 with a history of fever of less than seven days duration. Detailed history, clinical examination and investigations, as required, were noted. The data collected were analysed. A total of 42 patients formed the study group. The male-to-female ratio was 9.5:1. The mean age at presentation was 45.09 years (24 –77 years). The aetiological factors for fever were: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (20), lower respiratory tract infection (8), urinary tract infection (6), lower limb cellulitis (4), acute cholecystitis (2) and malaria (2). The mean MELD (model for end-stage liver disease) score at presentation was 20.4. Three patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and a mean MELD score of 31 died during the hospital admission. Febrile illness in cirrhosis is attributable to multiple causes. Outcome is dependent on the severity of underlying liver disease.
Improving case fatality rate of adult tetanus in urban Nigeria: focus on better facilities of care
Authors: Oshinaike Olajumoke O , Ojelabi Olaitan O , Ogbera Anthonia O , Ojo Oluwadamilare O , Ajose Frances A , Okubadejo Njideka U 
Published: November 2012

Summary Tetanus is a life threatening preventable infection with a high mortality. Our aim was to determine the current case fatality rate at our centre in a retrospective case review of patients aged >10 years who had been hospitalized with tetanus between August 2006 and July 2011. We show the intrahospital case fatality rate. Data are based on 176 cases for which we had sufficient information. There was a preponderance of males (3.09:1); 167 (95%) had generalized tetanus and nine (5%) had localized tetanus. The overall case fatality rate was 56.2% and was higher in males (64.4%) than females (27.9%; P = 0.0001). In a multivariate analysis, older age ( P = 0.000), male gender ( P = 0.005) and a longer duration of admission ( P = 0.004) were significant determinants of outcome. The case fatality rate of tetanus has declined at our centre from 70% between January 2004 and March 2006 to 56.2% currently. Improved facilities are required in order to significantly reduce adverse outcome from tetanus.
Novel Control of Photovoltaic based Water Pumping System without Energy Storage
Authors: Bhende Chandrashekhar N. , Malla Siva G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) based water pumping systems are used for irrigation and drinking water. PV based pumping systems without battery can provide a cost-effective solution. In this paper an integrated controller is proposed for the operation of a stand-alone PV based water pumping system without battery storage. To incorporate PV based water pumping system, two schematics and corresponding controllers (i.e, power and voltage based) are proposed. In voltage based control scheme, inverter not only controls the voltage but also acts as maximum power point tracker for PV. Hence no extra dc-dc converter is required to extract maximum power from solar. The proposed integrated controller requires only measurements of dc-link voltage and load currents, no need to measure the PV and load powers. Under light load condition, dc-link voltage will go up, hence, in order to protect dc bus resistive type of dump load is connected so that it will consume the surplus power from PV. Effective control coordination is developed to switch ON/OFF the induction motors so that negligible power wasted in dump load under scenario of PV power is more than load. Results are presented based on different cases of irrigation pumping application and availability of solar irradiance. Extensive simulation is carried out using Matlab/Simulink and through simulation results it is shows that the performance of proposed controller is quite satisfactory.
Carotenoid Production by Phaffia rhodozyma Using Raw Glycerol as an Additional Carbon Source
Authors: Silva Carolina M. , Borba Thais M. , Burkert Carlos A V. , Burkert Janaína F M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper presents pure glycerol and raw glycerol as additional carbon sources in the production of carotenoids by Phaffia rhodozyma NRRL Y-17268. Batch cultures in shaken flasks were performed in order to verify the effects of temperature cultivation (20 and 25ºC) and pure glycerol concentration (0, 10 and 40 g.L-1). The increase from 20 to 25ºC led to a significant increase (p<0.05) in cell concentration for all the pure glycerol concentrations, reaching the maximum levels of 8.9 g.L-1 of biomass (168 h), specific production of carotenoids (SPC) of 91.0 μg.g-1 (72 h) and volumetric production of carotenoids (VPC) of 2.0 μg.mL-1 (168 h) with 40 g.L-1 of pure glycerol at 25ºC. The use of 40 g.L-1 of raw glycerol at the same temperature resulted in a carotenogenic production showing no significant difference (p>0.05) in pure glycerol, reaching the maximum values of 8.3 g.L-1 of biomass (168 h) and within 120 h SPC 275.5 μg.g-1 and VPC 1.7 μg.mL-1. Therefore, the pure glycerol and raw glycerol can be used as additional carbon sources in the culture medium of P. rhodozyma.
Extraction of an Impacted Residual Root Adjacent to a Maxillary Sinus With Sinus Floor Elevation for Implant Placement: A Simultaneous Approach
Authors: Ueno Daisuke , Isoda Yukimori , Watanabe Goro , Sobue Takanori , Sato Junichi 
Published: November 2012

Introduction: When an impacted root is observed in an implant placement site in proximity to the sinus, extraction of the root is required before implant placement. However, root extraction presents risks of sinus perforation and root migration into the sinus antrum. If the root remnant is close to the sinus floor, a crestal extraction approach may not be indicated because extensive bone resection may be required. The technique presented in this case report, a lateral approach to extraction of an impacted residual root adjacent to a maxillary sinus immediately after sinus floor elevation, avoids these risks.Case Presentation: A 44‐year‐old female presented for implant treatment. Because vertical bone height in site #15 was not sufficient for implant placement, sinus floor elevation was required. The Schneiderian membrane was elevated after creation of a lateral window, and the root process (site #14) was palpated. The impacted root was exposed using a piezoelectric round insert from the buccal side. Immediately after sinus augmentation and extraction of the root, two implants were placed in the optimal position.Conclusions: This case report demonstrates a novel approach with extraction of an impacted residual root adjacent to a maxillary antrum. Root projection is observed on the sinus cavity, and palpation of the projection after elevation of the membrane can easily identify the positioning of the impacted root. Therefore, the lateral approach after sinus elevation minimized the risks of perforation and vertical bone loss around the root. This approach may be useful in the extraction of an impacted residual root adjacent to a maxillary sinus when the root interferes with implant placement.
Millwood and Wild‐Type Honeylocust Seedpod Nutritive Value Changes Over Winter
Authors: Johnson Jacob W. , Fike John H. , Fike Wonae B. , Burger James A. , Munsell John F. , McKenna James R. , Hodges Steven C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTHoneylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) seedpods have potential as a feed supplement within silvopasture systems but may degrade after dropping to the ground. Seedpods from representative ‘Millwood’ (MW) and wild‐type (WT) honeylocust trees were exposed to ambient conditions during fall and winter. At monthly intervals (November to March), seedpods were retrieved, dried, and fractionated into seed and husk components for nutritional characterization. For both tree types, husk nutritive value changes were small the first winter. Patterns of decreased sugars and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and increased fibers and lignin were stronger the second year, likely due to greater precipitation. Despite greater sugars and IVTD and lower fibers, MW husks displayed greater resistance to degradation; from November 2009 to March 2010, IVTD decreased 79 and 160 g kg−1 for MW and WT husks, respectively. Husk and seed crude protein (CP) levels changed little over winter. Seeds, protected by hard seed coats, were largely resistant to degradation; ground seeds were nearly fivefold more digestible than whole seeds. Changes in most husk mineral concentrations as well as the relative differences between husk (tree) types were variable and inconsistent. Nutritive value of MW and WT honeylocust seedpods declined appreciably when exposed to wet ground. Producers feeding pods within pastures during wet winters should do so within a couple months after pod drop to minimize nutrient losses.
Molecular Marker Analysis and Validation of Resistance to Cassava Mosaic Disease in Elite Cassava Genotypes in Nigeria
Authors: Okogbenin E. , Egesi C. N. , Olasanmi B. , Ogundapo O. , Kahya S. , Hurtado P. , Marin J. , Akinbo O. , Mba C. , Gomez H. , de Vicente C. , Baiyeri S. , Uguru M. , Ewa F. , Fregene M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a highly heterozygous crop, is devastated by cassava mosaic disease (CMD). The discovery of the CMD2 dominant gene is helpful in the genetic analysis of CMD resistance. Molecular markers for CMD2 gene were used to introgress CMD resistance into Latin American cassava genotypes and validated in the field for 4 yr for stability of resistance conferred by CMD2. Field screening identified 64 Latin American genotypes with stable resistance to CMD. Resistance to CMD of two Nigerian cassava cultivars (TMS 97/2205 and TMS 98/0505) was analyzed with markers and in the field. Molecular data indicated that CMD resistance in the two Nigerian cultivars was mediated by the CMD2 gene. Results showed TMS 97/2205 to be highly resistant to CMD in three ecological zones in Nigeria. Further genetic analysis of this genotype as a source of high level of resistance to CMD using a segregating F1 population derived from a TMS 97/2205 × NR 8083 cross was initiated using 530 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for CMD resistance. A marker (NS198) associated with a QTL for CMD resistance, explaining 11% of the phenotypic variance observed, was identified. The combined effect of this QTL and CMD2 may account for the high level of resistance of TMS 97/2205. The resistance profile of the evaluated CMD2 genotypes in growth cycle was not uniform and was affected by genetic background. The discovery of a new QTL (CMD3) for CMD resistance in TMS 97/2205 offers new opportunities for pyramiding CMD genes for enhanced durability of CMD resistance in cassava.
Genetic Analysis of Total Seed Protein Content in Two Cowpea Crosses
Authors: Fernandes Santos Carlos Antônio , Campos da Costa Danielle Carolina , Roberto da Silva Weslany , Boiteux Leonardo Silva 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTGenetic parameters, heritability, and minimum number of genes for total seed protein content were estimated in tropical semiarid‐adapted cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm aiming to provide the basis for the development of cultivars with higher nutritional value. Generation mean and variance analyses were conducted with the parental lines, F1, F2, and backcross populations derived from two contrasting crosses ‘IT97K‐1042‐3’ (31.15% total seed protein content) × ‘BRS Tapaihum’ (24.35%) and IT97K‐1042‐3 × ‘Canapu’ (22%). Narrow‐sense heritabilities were moderate (47.7%) in the cross IT97K‐1042‐3 × BRS Tapaihum and high (87.6%) in the cross IT97K‐1042‐3 × Canapu. The analyses indicated (in both crosses) the importance of additive gene effects and the parental mean for total seed protein. The minimum gene number, estimated by different methods, ranged from three to seven in the IT97K‐1042‐3 × Canapu cross and three to less than 25 in the IT97K‐1042‐3 × BRS Tapaihum cross. Transgressive segregation was observed in the F2 population from the cross IT97K‐1042‐3 × Canapu, with individual plants displaying up to 34.1% seed protein content. The results suggest that, although under polygenic control, the seed protein content in cowpea can be improved via standard breeding methods largely used in self‐pollinated crops.
Five Cycles of Mass Selection for Earliness and Ear Appearance under Corn Borer Infestation in the Maize Synthetic BS17
Authors: Samayoa L. F. , Butrón A. , Revilla P. , Alvarez A. , Malvar R. A. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTFive cycles of mass selection for earliness and visual ear appearance score under infestation with Mediterranean corn borer (MCB) (Sesamia nonagrioides Lef.) eggs were performed in maize (Zea mays L.) Synthetic BS17. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five cycles of mass selection for earliness and corn borer tolerance in the maize synthetic BS17. Evaluations were performed at two different locations (Pontevedra and Zaragoza) in Spain and on two planting dates (early and late). Responses to selection for days to silking and days to pollen shedding were –0.39 and –0.54 d per cycle, respectively. In addition, selection significantly reduced kernel moisture at harvest and plant height, whereas visual ear score and grain yield did not change over cycles. The response to selection in Zaragoza was comparable to the response in pontevedra, where the selection program was performed. The BS17C5 population created after five cycles of selection compares favorably with other adapted breeding populations as a good source of early inbred lines with good yield potential and tolerance or resistance to MCB. Therefore, mild selection for adaptation has been efficient with no significant detrimental effects, but continued selection for earliness is not recommended.
Linking Agricultural Bioscience to Cross‐Sector Innovation: A New Graduate Curriculum
Authors: Jordan Nicholas R. , Wyse Donald L. , Colombo Barrett 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTNew innovation systems are needed to help agriculture meet its “grand challenges.” These systems should integrate the major streams of discovery in agricultural bioscience (biotechnologies and agroecotechnologies) and engage this and other research with private enterprise, civil society, and government sectors, to develop new agricultural systems that meet high standards for performance in economic, social, and environmental terms. To create and sustain such innovation systems, a critical mass of agricultural bioscientists is needed with certain skills, understandings, and inclinations that enable constructive and ongoing participation in innovation systems. To achieve this critical mass, graduate education will play a crucial role. We outline a graduate curriculum for this purpose, similar in scope to a graduate minor program; it features two foundational courses, experientially based short courses and student experiences in cross‐sector innovation systems. The curriculum is now being pilot‐tested at the University of Minnesota with a cohort of 11 students, but is well suited to multi‐institutional implementation. Initial evaluation data suggest that the first year of the curriculum promoted development of certain relevant skills and inclinations in an initial cohort of seven students.
Effect of Visual Selection During the Development of Inbred Lines of Maize
Authors: Ordás Bernardo , Caicedo Marlon , Romay M. Cinta , Revilla Pedro , Ordás Amando 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe pedigree method of breeding with visual selection for plant and/or ear appearance has been traditionally used in maize (Zea mays L.) breeding. We evaluated 121 F2:3 families for plant and ear appearance as well as for several objectively measured traits and estimated the heritability of the traits and the genetic correlations between them. Heritability was greater than zero for most traits and the genetic correlation between the intuitive selection indexes and several of the objective traits were moderate or even high. Based on these results we predicted that selection based on intuitive selection indices would improve several characteristics of the inbred lines simultaneously. To confirm this we developed 20 inbred lines using pedigree selection with visual per se selection (VPSS) and 20 inbred lines without selection. The selected inbreds had a higher average value than the unselected lines for several traits across different environments; for example, the selected lines were 17 cm taller and yielded 0.3 Mg ha−1 more than the unselected inbreds. Furthermore, testcrosses of the selected lines were, on average, taller and yielded about 0.5 Mg ha−1 more than testcrosses of the unselected lines. We conclude that, under certain conditions, VPSS can achieve a high effectiveness improving both the performance of the lines and the yield of their hybrids.
Assembly and Characterization of the European Hazelnut ‘Jefferson’ Transcriptome
Authors: Rowley Erik R. , Fox Samuel E. , Bryant Douglas W. , Sullivan Christopher M. , Priest Henry D. , Givan Scott A. , Mehlenbacher Shawn A. , Mockler Todd C. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTEuropean hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is of worldwide agricultural significance, with breeding efforts focused on combining high nut yield and nut quality with resistance to diseases such as eastern filbert blight (EFB), a cause of severe crop loss in much of the United States. Oregon State University recently released a resistant cultivar, ‘Jefferson’ (OSU 703.007), that was chosen for transcriptome sequencing to establish further genomic resources for C. avellana L. We used Illumina ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA‐seq) to characterize complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries from four hazelnut tissues, including leaves, catkins, bark, and whole seedlings. The 6.8 Gb of hazelnut transcriptome data was assembled de novo into 28,255 contigs with an average length of 532 bp and an N50 (the minimum contig length necessary such that all contigs of equal or greater length will equal half of the bases of the assembly) of 961 bp. Sequence comparisons using BLASTX and gene ontology (GO) classifications were used to generate automated descriptive function annotations. High similarity of the predicted proteins to sequences in related plants demonstrates the validity of the transcript contigs, with 80.8% having similarity to grape (Vitis vinifera L.), poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray), and castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) sequences in the public domain. A survey of GO terms enriched among tissue‐specific transcripts further validates the assembly. A basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) portal and web resources (http://hazelnut.cgrb.oregonstate.edu [accessed 8 Jan. 2010]) are available and will be of importance to breeders for marker‐assisted breeding efforts.
Field Emergence and Plant Density of Sand Bluestem Lines Selected for Increased Seed Germination
Authors: Springer T. L. , Wynia R. L. , Rea G. L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTUnder field conditions water is often inadequate for satisfactory seedling establishment. This research investigated the field emergence and plant density of two lines (AB‐medium and CD‐tall) of sand bluestem (Andropogon hallii Hack.) and three generations of selection (Syn‐0, Syn‐1, and Syn‐2). Populations AB‐medium Syn‐1 and AB‐medium Syn‐2 were developed from AB‐medium Syn‐0 using two cycles of recurrent selection for increased seed germination at a low water potential. Similarly, CD‐tall Syn‐1 and CD‐tall Syn‐2 were developed from CD‐tall Syn‐0. Our objective was to verify if the increase in seed germination of selected populations would also lead to an increase in field emergence and plant density. Field testing involved planting the six lines in a randomized block design replicated four times at three locations over a 3‐yr period. Field emergence and plant density were determined using a frequency grid method at 30, 60, and 90 d after planting (DAP). Percentage field emergence and plant density varied only with sand bluestem line (P < 0.01), generation of selection (P < 0.01), and number of DAP (P < 0.05). Field emergence averaged 52.5, 57.4, and 61.1% for generation Syn‐0, Syn‐1, and Syn‐2, respectively. Plant density averaged 13.8, 15.2, and 16.1 plants m−2 for generation Syn‐0, Syn‐1, and Syn‐2, respectively. Therefore, selection for increased seed germination in sand bluestem also resulted in greater field emergence and higher plant density.