bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fault‐tolerant group key agreement protocol exploiting dynamic setting
Authors: Cheng Zi‐Yao , Liu Yun , Chang Chin‐Chen , Guo Cheng 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYA fault‐tolerant group key agreement is an essential infrastructure for Internet communication among all involved participants; it can establish a secure session key no matter how many malicious participants exit simultaneously in an effort to disrupt the key agreement process. Recently, Zhao et al. proposed an efficient fault‐tolerant group key agreement protocol named efficient group key agreement that can resist denial‐of‐service attacks, reply attacks, man‐in‐middle attacks, and common modulus attacks; it can also preserve forward secrecy with lower computational cost than previous protocols. We show that it is still vulnerable to active attacks by malicious participants and modify the corresponding security weakness adaptively. Furthermore, we propose an efficient fault‐tolerant group key agreement based on a binary tree structure and enhance it to a dynamic setting where participants can leave or join the group arbitrarily according to their preferences with instant session key refreshment. Additionally, our session key refreshment is based on secure key updating to protect forward/backward confidentiality and is resistant to active/passive attacks. The performance analysis shows that our proposed protocol has lower computational cost and little additional communication cost exploiting dynamic setting. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NHC PdII Complex Bearing 1,6‐Hexylene Linker: Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura and Heck–Mizoroki Reactions
Authors: Liu Qing‐Xiang , Zhang Wei , Zhao Xiao‐Jun , Zhao Zhi‐Xiang , Shi Meng‐Chao , Wang Xiu‐Guang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new functionalized N‐heterocyclic carbene PdII complex, [1,1′‐(hexylene‐1,6‐diyl)bis(3‐n‐butylbenzimidazol‐2‐ylidene)][PdCl2(CH3CN)]2 (2) has been synthesized by reaction of NHC‐Ag transmetalation reagent with PdCl2(CH3CN)2. The molecular structure of 2 adopts an open conformation. Complex 2 was tested as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura couplings of aryl halides with arylboronic acids in water and air. The results of these efforts show that 2 is an efficient precatalyst for such reactions. In addition, 2 is a good catalyst in Heck–Mizoroki reactions of aryl bromides with styrene.
Complementary and Stereodivergent Approaches to the Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxy‐ and 4,5‐Dihydroxypipecolic Acids from Enantiopure Hydroxylated Lactams
Authors: Scarpi Dina , Bartali Laura , Casini Andrea , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe describe two complementary and stereodivergent routes, from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials, for the synthesis of 4,5‐dihydroxy‐ and 5‐hydroxypipecolic acids based on the chemistry of lactam‐derived enol phosphates. The synthesis of the 4,5‐cis‐4,5‐dihydroxypipecolic acids required the preparation from 2‐deoxy‐D‐ and ‐L‐ribose of the enantiopure cis‐(4S,5R)‐ and ‐(4R,5S)‐4,5‐dihydroxy‐δ‐valerolactam, respectively. These new chiral synthons are potentially useful for the synthesis of other natural products. The key step is the Pd‐catalyzed methoxycarbonylation reaction of the enol phosphates generated from these lactams. This reaction provided enecarbamate esters that were easily converted by stereoselective reduction to the target compounds. The synthesis of the 4,5‐trans‐4,5‐dihydroxypipecolic acid, as well as of 5‐hydroxypipecolic acids, was realized from a known (S)‐5‐hydroxy‐δ‐valerolactam derivative and, for the dihydroxylated compound, required a highly stereoselective allylic bromination reaction of the enecarbamate ester obtained by methoxycarbonylation of the enol phosphate. The preparation of the (4R,5S) enantiomer of the cis‐4,5‐dihydroxy‐δ‐valerolactam from 2‐deoxy‐L‐ribose, alongside the fact that (R)‐5‐hydroxy‐δ‐valerolactam can be prepared from (R)‐(–)‐γ‐hydroxymethyl‐γ‐butyrolactone, means our approach allows for the synthesis of all stereoisomers of these compounds, which can be employed as conformationally constrained scaffolds in drug discovery.
Regional and local scale atmospheric forcing upon sea level along the coast of SW Europe
Authors: Rasilla Álvarez Domingo F. , García‐Codrón Juan C. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSea level height variability along the coast of southwestern Europe is analyzed in relation with local and regional scale atmospheric forcing mechanisms. A circulation type (CP) catalogue, derived from a combination of principal component analysis and cluster analysis was used to characterize the regional scale atmospheric circulation, whereas the local scale was highlighted through the analysis of hourly wind records during extreme events. A large portion of common anomalous sea level variability at 6‐hourly time frame can be explained by the effect of one CP, depicting a deep extra‐tropical disturbance, close to the Iberian Peninsula, which represents the dominance of the inverse barometer mechanism. Other CPs can induce occasionally similar effects, but showing a spatially restricted scope, in relationship with the location of the main centres of action. Embedded into this synoptic framework, a local forcing, related to both meteorological processes (wind set up) and coastal oceanographic features (depth of the continental shelf) usually control the timing and less frequently, the magnitude of the surges. The decreasing trend observed in the magnitude of the sea level residuals derived from a hindcast model as well as some spatial differences (more intense trend in the upper percentiles along the northern Spain and Mediterranean coasts) can also be explained by long‐term changes in the frequency, and specially, in the internal variability of the CPs, which might be linked to the recent positive phase and eastward displacement of the southern node of the North Atlantic Oscillation. An overall increase in sea level pressure, detected in all CPs, has been accompanied by significant increases in types characterized by anticyclones over the Iberian Peninsula and decreases of northerly flows, related to a reduction of the number of cyclones passing through the Gulf of Biscay and the Western Mediterranean Basin.
Scenario development for estimating potential climate change impacts on crop production in the North China Plain
Authors: Chen Chao , Greene Arthur M. , Robertson Andrew W. , Baethgen Walter E. , Eamus Derek 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIt is important to investigate potential changes in temperature, precipitation and solar radiation for assessing the impacts of future climate change on agricultural production for specific regions. In this study, climate scenarios of precipitation, temperature and solar radiation for the North China Plain (NCP) were constructed in terms of stochastic daily weather sequences. A nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model (NHMM) was used to downscale daily precipitation projections at 32 stations during winter wheat and summer maize growing seasons for a baseline (1966–2005) and a 21st century (2080–2099) A1B scenario, using selected general circulation models (GCMs). A climatological seasonal cycle of regional‐averaged daily reanalysis precipitation was used as input to the down‐scaling for the baseline simulation; this input was then scaled by the precipitation changes from GCM projections to generate down‐scaled stochastic simulations of precipitation in the 21st century. Temperature was generated using a weakly stationary generating process, conditional on precipitation occurrence, with 21st century additive changes taken from the GCMs at the regional scale. Three hypotheses about changes in solar radiation (−20%, 0% and 20%) were made considering the large uncertainty in its future change. The down‐scaled simulations exhibit station increases in the mean daily rainfall of 13.9–69.7% in the scenarios driven by the GCM with the projected largest and multi‐model mean precipitation increase for the wheat season, with changes of 0.4–29.9% for the maize season. In the scenario driven by the GCM with the largest projected precipitation decrease, the simulated rainfall decreases at all stations, with changes ranging from −24.6 to −0.1% for the wheat and maize seasons, respectively. Temperature increases by about 3.7 °C for the wheat season and 3.6 °C for the maize season.
Convergence analysis of a linearized Crank–Nicolson scheme for the two‐dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation
Authors: Zhang Ya‐nan , Sun Zhi‐zhong , Wang Ting‐chun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA linearized Crank–Nicolson‐type scheme is proposed for the two‐dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equation. The scheme is proved to be unconditionally convergent in the L2 ‐norm by the discrete energy method. The convergence order is
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath}\pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \begin{align*}\mathcal{O}(\tau^2+h_1^2+h^2_2)\end{align*} \end{document}, where τ is the temporal grid size and h1,h2 are spatial grid sizes in the x ‐ and y ‐directions, respectively. A numerical example is presented to support the theoretical result. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Learning from an epidemiological, population‐based study on prescribed medicine use in adults
Authors: Eckert Kerena A. , Shi Zumin , Taylor Anne W. , Wittert Gary , Price Kay , Goldney Robert D. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine changes in the prevalence of use of prescribed medicines in Australian community samples.Study design and settingIn this study, face‐to‐face interviews were carried out with random, representative samples of South Australian adults, aged ≥15 years. Data on self‐reported use of prescribed medicines, most commonly reported categories of prescribed medicines and use of multiple medicines for common body systems were collected. It was not possible to distinguish between medicines prescribed for acute and chronic use.ResultsA total of 3015 respondents were interviewed in 2004 and 3034 in 2008, representing participation rates of 76% and 73%. There was no significant increase in the prevalence of use of ≥1 (46.8% vs 47.3%, p = 0.6) or ≥6 medicines (5.7% vs 5.5%, p = 0.7). In both years, the use of medicines was higher in women (56.7% vs 57.5%). On subgroup analyses, a significant reduction in the use of medicines was observed in respondents aged 15–24 (25.0% vs 18.5%, p = 0.01) and ≥65 years (87.7% vs 82.5%, p = 0.01), whereas use in those aged 35–44 years increased significantly (26.4% vs 33.6%, p = 0.01). The number of cardiovascular system agents (23.1% vs 24.6%, p = 0.20) and psychotropic medicines (9.8% vs 10.6%, p = 0.35) used by respondents remained unchanged while use of respiratory (7.2% vs 5.7%, p = 0.01) and musculoskeletal system medicines (8.7% vs 5.6% p= < 0.001) decreased significantly.ConclusionsIn presenting what we believe is the first Australian population‐based study to compare changes in prescribed medicines across the adult age spectrum, we highlight some key questions to ensure the quality use of medicines. Our findings identify a need to discuss de‐prescribing, monitor practices to minimise adverse events and challenge if consumers and prescribers need to consider the costs to governments of medicines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of an algorithm to estimate gestational age in electronic health plan databases
Authors: Li Qian , Andrade Susan E. , Cooper William O. , Davis Robert L. , Dublin Sascha , Hammad Tarek A. , Pawloski Pamala A. , Pinheiro Simone P. , Raebel Marsha A. , Scott Pamela E. , Smith David H. , Dashevsky Inna , Haffenreffer Katherine , Johnson Karin E. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo validate an algorithm that uses delivery date and diagnosis codes to define gestational age at birth in electronic health plan databases.MethodsUsing data from 225 384 live born deliveries to women aged 15–45 years in 2001–2007 within eight of the 11 health plans participating in the Medication Exposure in Pregnancy Risk Evaluation Program, we compared (1) the algorithm‐derived gestational age versus the “gold‐standard” gestational age obtained from the infant birth certificate file and (2) the prenatal exposure status of two antidepressants (fluoxetine and sertraline) and two antibiotics (amoxicillin and azithromycin) as determined by the algorithm‐derived versus the gold‐standard gestational age.ResultsThe mean algorithm‐derived gestational age at birth was lower than the mean obtained from the birth certificate file among singleton deliveries (267.9 vs 273.5 days) but not among multiple‐gestation deliveries (253.9 vs 252.6 days). The algorithm‐derived prenatal exposure to the antidepressants had a sensitivity and a positive predictive value of ≥95%, and a specificity and a negative predictive value of almost 100%. Sensitivity and positive predictive value were both ≥90%, and specificity and negative predictive value were both >99% for the antibiotics.ConclusionsA gestational age algorithm based upon electronic health plan data correctly classified medication exposure status in most live born deliveries, but trimester‐specific misclassification may be higher for drugs typically used for short durations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing the psychological distress of family caregivers of home‐based palliative care patients: short‐term effects from a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Hudson Peter , Trauer Tom , Kelly Brian , O'Connor Moira , Thomas Kristina , Summers Michael , Zordan Rachel , White Vicki 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPalliative care is expected to incorporate comprehensive support for family caregivers given that many caregivers suffer psychological morbidity. However, systematically implemented evidence‐based psychological support initiatives are lacking.AimThe objective of this study was to prepare caregivers for the role of supporting a patient with advanced cancer receiving home‐based palliative care by offering a one‐to‐one psycho‐educational intervention. We hypothesised that primary family caregivers who participated in the intervention would report decreased psychological distress (primary outcome), fewer unmet needs and increased levels of perceived preparedness, competence and positive emotions.MethodsA three‐arm randomised controlled trial was conducted comparing two versions of the intervention (one face‐to‐face visit versus two visits) plus standard care to a control group (standard care) across four sites in Australia.ResultsA total of 298 participants were recruited; 148 were in the Control condition, 57 in Intervention 1 (one visit) and 93 in Intervention 2 (two visits). Relative to participants in the control group; the psychological well‐being of participants in the intervention condition was improved by a small amount but non‐significantly. No significant reduction in unmet needs or improvements in positive aspects of caregiving amongst the intervention group were identified. However, the intervention demonstrated significant improvements in participants' levels of preparedness and competence for Intervention 2.Conclusion/implicationsThis research adds to accumulating body of evidence demonstrating that relatively short psycho‐educational interventions can enable family caregivers to feel more prepared and competent in the role of supporting a dying relative. Further investigation is required to determine the longer term outcomes of such interventions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Job Characteristics, Recovery Experiences and Occupational Well‐being: Testing Cross‐lagged Relationships across 1 Year
Authors: Kinnunen Ulla , Feldt Taru 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of the present study conducted among 274 Finnish employees was to examine the relationships between job characteristics, recovery experiences and occupational well‐being across 1 year. We hypothesized that these relationships would follow normal causation, that is, job characteristics at T1 predict recovery experiences (detachment, relaxation, mastery and control at off‐job time) and well‐being (fatigue at work and work engagement) at T2, and recovery experiences at T1 predict well‐being at T2. The structural equation modelling analyses lent support to the hypothesized normal causation model compared with the reversed causation and reciprocal models. However, only the longitudinal relationships between job characteristics and recovery experiences were significant. More specifically, high job demands at T1 predicted poor detachment, relaxation and control during off‐job time at T2; and high job resources at T1 predicted high mastery experiences in off‐job time at T2. Thus, our study showed that job demands in particular inhibited recovery experiences in the long term, but this was not reflected in employee well‐being across 1 year. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Noninvasive Prenatal Testing/Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis: the Position of the National Society of Genetic Counselors
Authors: Devers Patricia L. , Cronister Amy , Ormond Kelly E. , Facio Flavia , Brasington Campbell K. , Flodman Pamela 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe 1997 discovery of free fetal DNA in maternal plasma launched clinical researchers’ efforts to establish a reliable method for non‐invasive prenatal testing for fetal genetic conditions. Various methods, including, but not limited to, massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and selective analysis of cell‐free fetal DNA in maternal plasma, have recently been developed as highly sensitive and specific noninvasive screening tools for common fetal chromosome aneuploidies. Incorporating these new noninvasive technologies into clinical practice will impact the current prenatal screening paradigm for fetal aneuploidy, in which genetic counseling plays an integral role. The National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) currently supports Noninvasive Prenatal Testing/Noninvasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPT/NIPD) as an option for patients whose pregnancies are considered to be at an increased risk for certain chromosome abnormalities. NSGC urges that NIPT/NIPD only be offered in the context of informed consent, education, and counseling by a qualified provider, such as a certified genetic counselor. Patients whose NIPT/NIPD results are abnormal, or who have other factors suggestive of a chromosome abnormality, should receive genetic counseling and be given the option of standard confirmatory diagnostic testing.
Delivering Genetic Education and Genetic Counseling for Rare Diseases in Rural Brazil
Authors: Acosta A. X. , Abé‐Sandes K. , Giugliani R. , Bittles A. H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBrazil is the largest country in Latin America, with an ethnically diverse, Portuguese‐speaking and predominantly Roman Catholic population of some 194 million. Universal health care is provided under the Federal Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde) but, as in many other middle and low income countries, access to medical genetics services is limited in rural and remote regions of the country. Since there is no formally recognized Genetic Counseling profession, genetic counseling is provided by physicians, trained either in medical genetics or a related clinical discipline. A comprehensive medical genetics program has been established in Monte Santo, an inland rural community located in the state of Bahia in Northeast Brazil, with high prevalences of a number of autosomal recessive genetic disorders, including non‐syndromic deafness, phenyketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome). Genetic education, counseling and treatment are locally provided, with a neonatal screening program for MPSVI currently under trial.
Mixed Micellization and Mixed Monolayer Formation of Sodium Cholate and Sodium Deoxycholate in Presence of Hydrophobic Salts Under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Najar Muzaffar Hussain , Chat Oyais Ahmad , Dar Aijaz Ahmad , Rather Ghulam Mohammad 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMixed micellization and mixed monolayer formation of two bile salts namely sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) and three hydrophobic salts including sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium butanoate (NaBu) and sodium hexanoate (NaHx) in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.5) at 37 °C were investigated by means of surface tension measurements. The experimental results were utilized to evaluate various parameters like critical micellar concentration (CMC), micellar and monolayer interaction parameter (β and βσ), micellar and monolayer mole fractions (X and Z), activity coefficients of two bile salts in mixed micelles and monolayer (f and f(σ)), surface excess (Γmax) and minimum surface area per molecule of bile salt (Amin). Mixed micelles and mixed monolayer were found to show slight non‐ideality and both these phenomena have been found to be affected differently in the presence of various additive salts with NaHx showing larger effects. Higher efficiency of NaHx in affecting both phenomena has been attributed to its appreciable hydrophobicity and surface activity, thus showing stronger interactions with bile salt molecules.
Pointwise bounds and blow-up for nonlinear polyharmonic inequalities
Authors: Taliaferro Steven D. 
Published: January 2013

We obtain results for the following question where

m⩾1

and

n⩾2

are integers.

Question.
For which continuous functions

f:[0,\infty) \rightarrow [0,\infty)

does there exist a continuous function

\varphi :(0,1)\rightarrow (0,\infty )

such that every

C^{2m}

nonnegative solution

u(x)

of

0⩽−\mathrm{\Delta }^{m}u⩽f(u)\quad \text{in }B_{2}(0) \setminus \{0\} \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

satisfies

u(x) = O\left(\varphi \left(|x|\right)\right)\quad\text{as }x\rightarrow 0,

and what is the optimal such

φ

when one exists?

Résumé

Nous obtenons des résultats pour la question suivante, avec

m⩾1

et

n⩾2

entiers.

Question.
Pour quelles fonctions continues

f:[0,\infty) \rightarrow [0,\infty)

existe-t-il une fonction continue

\varphi :(0,1)\rightarrow (0,\infty )

telle que chaque solution

C^{2m}

non-negative

u(x)

de

0⩽−\mathrm{\Delta }^{m}u⩽f(u)\quad \text{dans }B_{2}(0) \setminus \{0\} \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}

satisfasse à

u(x) = O\left(\varphi \left(|x|\right)\right)\quad \text{lorsque }x\rightarrow 0,

et quelle est la meilleure de ces fonctions

φ

quand elle existe ?
Mixing actions of the Heisenberg group
Authors: DANILENKO ALEXANDRE I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMixing (of all orders) rank-one actions $T$ of the Heisenberg group ${H}_{3} ( \mathbb{R} )$ are constructed. The restriction of $T$ to the center of ${H}_{3} ( \mathbb{R} )$ is simple and commutes only with $T$. Mixing Poisson and mixing Gaussian actions of ${H}_{3} ( \mathbb{R} )$ are also constructed. A rigid weakly mixing rank-one action $T$ is constructed such that the restriction of $T$ to the center of ${H}_{3} ( \mathbb{R} )$ is not isomorphic to its inverse.
‘Never a credible weapon’: nuclear cultures in British government during the era of the H-bomb
Authors: MAGUIRE RICHARD 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article explores British ‘nuclear culture’ by examining how individuals and groups within British government tried to comprehend nuclear weapons after the advent of the hydrogen bomb in 1952. It argues that thinking about nuclear weaponry was not uniform, and there was no monolithic ‘nuclear culture’ in government. Instead, political and social habits interacted with Cold War experience to create views of the nuclear weapon – nuclear cultures – that varied across government to create a diverse, and shifting, set of ideas – nuclear cultures – about what the nuclear weapon meant in British hands, and the role it played in providing military power and political influence.