bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance Simulation of Muon Detectors Based on Structural Design and Array Layout of Plastic Scintillators
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Li Zhiyuan , Wang Lukai , Wu Kun , Lin Hongjian , Fan Haijun , Su Hengyi , Wang Zungang , Zhou Chunzhi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The performances of muon detectors have prominent effects on
the accuracy and application scenario of muon imaging. Previous
studies have paid more attention to the performance improvements of
muon detectors in the assembly of imaging systems and optimization
of imaging algorithms, while, the structural design and array layout
of plastic scintillators in muon detectors have received less
attention. In this work, the simulation models of plastic
scintillator, wavelength-shifting (WLS) fibers, and muon source are
constructed in the Geant4 software. On this basis, different factors
affecting light collection efficiency (LCE) have been investigated,
including muon hitting position, plastic scintillator
cross-sectional shape and size, and WLS fiber size and
position. Meanwhile, the influences of scintillator array layout,
average width, and muon energy on the position resolution
performance of the detector are investigated. The constructive
results have been listed as follows: (a) the longitudinal length of
the plastic scintillator unit, the shape and size of the WLS fiber,
and the position of the WLS fiber have a large impact on the
LCE. (b) The Right-angled triangle staggered layout is suitable for
small-sized scintillators with single-energy muon hitting, and the
Rhombus staggered layout is suitable for large-sized scintillators
with multiple-energy muon hitting. This work provides theoretical
support for the structural design and array layout of plastic
Scintillators, and it has an important significance as a guide for
the design of the subsequent muography system.
In vitro degradation of a chitosan-based osteochondral construct points to a transient effect on cellular viability
Authors: Pitrolino Katherine , Felfel Reda , Roberts George , Scotchford Colin , Grant David , Sottile Virginie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bioresorbable chitosan scaffolds have shown potential for osteochondral repair applications. The in vivo degradation of chitosan, mediated by lysozyme and releasing glucosamine, enables progressive replacement by ingrowing tissue. Here the degradation process of a chitosan-nHA based bioresorbable scaffold was investigated for mass loss, mechanical properties and degradation products released from the scaffold when subjected to clinically relevant enzyme concentrations. The scaffold showed accelerated mass loss during the early stages of degradation but without substantial reduction in mechanical strength or structure deterioration. Although not cytotoxic, the medium in which the scaffold was degraded for over 2 weeks showed a transient decrease in mesenchymal stem cell viability, and the main degradation product (glucosamine) demonstrated a possible adverse effect on viability when added at its peak concentration. This study has implications for the design and biomedical application of chitosan scaffolds, underlining the importance of modelling degradation products to determine suitability for clinical translation.
Power & protein—closing the ‘justice gap’ for food system transformation
Authors: Baudish Isabel , Sahlin Kajsa Resare , Béné Christophe , Oosterveer Peter , Prins Heleen , Pereira Laura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The protein shift, or transition, entails a reduction in the production and consumption of animal-source foods, and an increase in plant-based foods and alternative proteins, at a global level. The shift is primarily motivated by the need to minimise the impact of the food system on social-ecological systems. We argue that rather than focusing singularly on transitioning a ‘protein gap’ in diets, redressing the ‘justice gap’ is a prerequisite for transformative change in food systems. In this context the justice gap is understood as the gap delineating those who have access to just food systems and those who do not. To substantiate our argument a justice lens is used to analyse the political–economic dimensions of such a transformation and to propose that the future of protein must engage with three core elements to be transformative—disruption, innovation and redistribution. Disruption entails challenging both the food trends that encourage the ‘meatification’ of diets, and the influence of ‘Big Meat’ in perpetuating these trends. Innovation emphasises that true novelty is found by designing justice into practices and processes, rather than by firing alternative protein silver bullets within existing food system paradigms. Redistribution stresses that food system redesign is predicated upon establishing fair shares for remaining protein budgets, using approaches anchored in contextual specificity and positionality. Through the application of a justice framework, we expose existing food system injustices related to production and consumption of protein, invite discussion on how such injustices can be addressed and reflect on implications for food system transformations. By reshaping the crux of the protein debate around the more salient concern of the justice gap, food system transformation can take shape.
A joint spatio-temporal characterization of the major meteorological droughts in Europe
Authors: Banfi Fabiola , Cammalleri Carmelo , Michele Carlo De 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Drought can be considered one of the most severe and complex weather-related natural hazards. It is a relevant stressor for ecosystems, affecting vegetation, ecosystem productivity, and water and carbon cycles, with a complex web of related impacts. Despite the interlink between the spatial and temporal scales of droughts, these two aspects are often studied separately. In addition, studies generally focus on detecting the events, without trying to investigate similarities among them. In this work, we introduce a set of tools used to summarize the main properties of major droughts in Europe, with the goal of subdividing the events in groups characterized by similar properties. We used a European dataset of meteorological droughts (from 1981 to 2020) that detects events based on the Standardized Precipitation Index using an event-oriented spatio-temporal clustering algorithm. From the analysis, we identified three groups of major meteorological droughts: a first group that is comprised by warm-season events, characterized by a longer duration, a shorter early growing phase, and a longer exhaustion phase; a second group, less numerous, comprised by droughts occurring during the cold season, that tend to have a shorter duration, a longer early growing phase and a shorter exhaustion phase; and a third group comprised of droughts occurring across the two periods. This last class is characterized by a longer duration and a high variability in most of the other characteristics, suggesting that these events may be associated with a large range of driving mechanisms. The proposed procedure allows for a drought classification that can be used for better understanding the mechanisms behind spatio-temporal evolution of these events.
A first proof of knot localization for polymers in a nanochannel
Authors: Beaton Nicholas R , Ishihara Kai , Atapour Mahshid , Eng Jeremy W , Vazquez Mariel , Shimokawa Koya , Soteros Christine E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Based on polymer scaling theory and numerical evidence, Orlandini, Tesi, Janse van Rensburg and Whittington conjectured in 1996 that the limiting entropy of knot-type K lattice polygons is the same as that for unknot polygons, and that the entropic critical exponent increases by one for each prime knot in the knot decomposition of K. This Knot Entropy (KE) conjecture is consistent with the idea that for unconfined polymers, knots occur in a localized way (the knotted part is relatively small compared to polymer length). For full confinement (to a sphere or box), numerical evidence suggests that knots are much less localized. Numerical evidence for nanochannel or tube confinement is mixed, depending on how the size of a knot is measured. Here we outline the proof that the KE conjecture holds for polygons in the

∞
×
2
×
1

lattice tube and show that knotting is localized when a connected-sum measure of knot size is used. Similar results are established for linked polygons. This is the first model for which the knot entropy conjecture has been proved.
Enhancing carrageenan-based capsule shell formulation from kappaphycus striatum for accelerated disintegration time with multiple disintegrant
Authors: Soraya M , Putri R P G , Purwoto H , Royanti I , Dyah C K , Sari D D P , Laksono H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recently, seaweed-based capsule shells have become more popular because of their reliable quality and animal-free source. But these shells’ prolonged disintegration times are a common problem. This research aims to look for formulations with disintegrant substitution or a combination of several disintegrants to obtain capsule shells that disintegrate quickly. Several studies have explored the incorporation of additional disintegrants such as Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30, Sodium starch glycolate (primogel), Croscarmellose sodium (SSC), and Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) to address this challenge. The study investigates various combinations of disintegrants in the formulation of capsule shells to achieve rapid disintegration time. The variation in composition of disintegrants was determined using Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) in Design Expert® 13.0.12. Balancing the desirable characteristics of quick disintegration with other factors posed a significant challenge. All types of disintegrants exerted a notable influence on the response variables. To achieve a substantial reduction in disintegration time, the utilization of primogel is strongly recommended. However, it should be noted that primogel contains minerals that do not disintegrate, resulting in an elevated ash content. In contrast, PVP K-30 demonstrates promising performance but falls slightly short of primogel’s efficacy in accelerating disintegration. Additionally, PVP K-30 exhibits a marked advantage in minimizing ash content within the capsule shell. Optimization results indicate that a combination of PVP K-30 and primogel yields a capsule shell with the fastest disintegration time, approximately 23.908 minutes, while maintaining a minimal ash content of 10.487%.
Predicting chicken-meat purchasing behaviour in traditional and modern markets in West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Fauziah N R L R , Hogeveen H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Food safety has become a critical problem regarding chicken meat for the Indonesian authorities since severe outbreaks of Avian Influenza. The food safety issue is associated with the market channels where the chicken meat is sold. In Indonesia, the majority of people buy their chicken meat in the traditional market which has inadequate food safety controls. Therefore, understanding the consumers’ behaviour of market choice is a good approach to know chicken-meat consumers’ intention in modern markets in the future. The study focuses more on the social-psychological and socio-demographic factors that influence the intention of consumers in West Java, Indonesia using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The results show that consumers in modern markets had a higher level of education, income, amount of consumption, and purchasing frequency than in traditional markets. The subjective norms were the most influential factor to the intention of buying chicken meat in modern markets, followed by the perceived behavioural control (having enough money and the convenience), and attitude. None of the socio-demographic factors were significant. The findings can be used for making the right strategy such as advertising and campaign to encourage society to buy chicken meat in modern markets.
Study on biological activity of Lavandula angustifolia and Citrus aurantiifolia essential oils
Authors: Indrianingsih A W , Suryani R , Rosyida V T , Khasanah Y , Laila U , Asari S M , Pratiwi S I 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe essential oils ofLavandula angustifolia(lavender) andCitrus aurantiifolia(lime), have been used in several applications such as food industry, pharmacy, and cosmetics industries. In this report, we examined the biological activities of lavender and lime essential oils through several studies using β-carotene bleaching assay, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, antidiabetic assay, antibacterial assay, and also measure its total phenolic content (TPC). The functional group of lavender and lime was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), while the volatile compound was evaluated using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The result showed that in DPPH assay, both of lavender and lime essentials oil have low activity with IC 50 of 1966.02 ppm and 4303.42 ppm, respectively, while in beta-carotene bleaching assay, lime has higher antioxidant activity of 39.03% compared to lavender as of 17.55%. Antibacterial activity againstS. aureusshowed that both lavender and lime have good activity as of 18.13 mm and 18.06 mm, respectively. The antidiabetic activity using α-glucosidase inhibitory activity presented that lavender and lime had high activity of 89.58 % and 88.30 %, respectively. Furthermore, the total phenolic content of lavender was slightly higher as of 480.00 mg GAE/g compared to lime as of 393.33 mg GAE/g. The GC-MS analysis of essential oils showed that lavender contains linalyl acetate (38.78%), linalool (36.12%), and 1,8-cineole (8.38%), while lime contains d-limonene (73.72%), beta-pinene (9.83%) and gamma-terpinene (8.24%), respectively. The present study showed the potential use of lavender and lime essential oils for antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agents.
Physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of chicken sausage using red sorghum flour (Sorghum bicolor) as filler
Authors: Permadi S N , Setiaboma W , Febrisiantosa A , Firmansyah A M , Hariyadi S , Kristanti D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of using sorghum flour as a filling material in sausages on physicochemical and organoleptic properties. This study used the complete randomized design (CRD) method with 7 treatments (H0: tapioca flour, H1: sorghum flour without treatment, H2: sorghum flour soaked overnight, H3: germinated sorghum flour for 1 day, H4: germinated sorghum flour for 2 days, H5: germinated sorghum flour for 3 days and H6: germinated sorghum flour for 4 days with 3 replications. The physicochemical properties’ data were analyzed using ANOVA and it was continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) analysis at α = 5%, while the sensory evaluation data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2021 and displayed as a spider chart. Based on the results of the research, sausage H3 has the best value in cooking loss, and chemical properties except for fat content, and sensory evaluation. The values include cooking loss of 2.20%, moisture content of 62.34%, ash content of 2.60%, and protein content of 17.59%, while the lowest fat content is in H0 with a value of 5.31%. Using sorghum flour as a filler in sausages also gave the sausages a natural color and decreased the texture value when compared to sausages using tapioca flour. Based on the organoleptic results, in general, panelists liked the research sausages, both the use of tapioca flour and sorghum flour with various treatments, with an average score of 4 (like), but there was only 1 treatment H5 / third days of germinating sorghum flour which had a score of 3.1 (somewhat like).
The quality of palm oil on variations in temperature and duration of the separation process
Authors: Ruswanto A , Dharmawati N D , Ngatirah  , Widyasaputra R , Partha I B B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The separation of palm oil in the processing stage is influenced by various factors including temperature and settling time. This research aims to analyze palm oil obtained from variations in temperature and settling time during the separation of palm oil. The experimental design used a split plot design. The main plot is the settling temperature of the clarification which consists of 3 levels, namely; temperature 55-60°C, temperature 65-70°C, temperature 75-80°C The section plot is the time of the deposition process consisting of 3 levels, namely; 1.5 hour time, 3.0 hour time, 4.5 hour time. Observation of the results included the percentage of separated oil, free fatty acid content (FFA), deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI). The data obtained was analyzed of varians (ANOVA), if there was a significant difference, the DMRT 5% test was continued. Based on research, the higher the temperature and the longer the settling time, the higher the FFA, the percentage of separated oil, but the lower the DOBI value. Based on the best quality parameters from FFA and DOBI content parameters, obtained from the separation process temperature treatment of 55-60°C and separation process time of 1.5 hours.
Analysis of special rice farming income in supporting the reduction of stunting in Riau province
Authors: Fahri A , Abdullah S , Yusuf R , Sutrisna N , Suparwoto  , Waluyo  , Nurhayati  , Zuhdi F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Rice is a food commodity and is the main source of carbohydrates for the majority of the world’s population. Currently the function of rice has shifted from food with a special function, especially for health. Stunting is still a serious health problem facing Indonesia. Based on data from the National Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) for 2022, the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.6%. This number decreased compared to the previous year, which was 24.4%. New superior varieties of special rice have special characteristics, such as Inpari IR Nutri Zinc and brown rice (Pamelen) which are very beneficial for health. This research was conducted in June - December 2021, located in Sungai Tengah village, Sabah Auh District, Siak Regency. The materials used are special rice superior varieties (Pamelen, Tarabas, Baroma, Inpari Nutri Zinc, Inpari 24). This study aims to determine the income of rice farming, especially in an effort to support the reduction of stunting in Riau Province. The results showed that Pamelen and Inpari Nutri zinc varieties produced 4,452 kg/ha GKG and 4,686 kg/ha GKG higher than the average production of other rice. The BCR value of all varieties is more than 1, this explains that all varieties developed according to economic analysis are feasible and profitable. the Inpari IR Nutri Zinc variety of rice is suitable for cultivation in Siak Regency, Riau Province.
Cemani chicken: characteristics of fresh semen, testes morphometric, and the relationship between the two traits
Authors: Kostaman T , Azizah N , Adiati U , Pamungkas F A , Hafid A , Koswara E , Miraya N , Sopian E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The monitoring of the reproductive performance of roosters can be conducted by examining the characteristics of fresh semen, the morphometric approach of the testes, and the correlation between these two traits. To analyze the semen traits, a total of ten rooster heads were utilized, while the morphometric analysis of the testes was performed on five rooster heads. Descriptive methods were employed to assess the shape and characteristics of the fresh semen. The average length, width, weight, and circumference of the testes were evaluated using a T-test with a confidence level of 95%. Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation was employed to investigate the association between the traits of the semen and the morphology of the testes. The effects confirmed that the testes of Cemani chickens had been no extraordinary from chickens in general, placed inside the frame hollow space close to the spine, connected to the dorsal belly hollow space, or simply in the back of the lungs and the front of the kidneys and testes, elongated and oval. Typically, the left testes were relatively longer, wider, and heavier than the right testes. The semen exhibited a creamy white color, with a thick consistency and an acidity level of seven. Furthermore, it displayed a satisfactory mass movement with an average value of 2.80 ± 0.92. The motility and viability of the spermatozoa were within the normal range (70.50 ± 5.50 and 80.90 ± 4.58, respectively) at a concentration of 1402 ± 382 x 106/ml. The characteristics of the semen and the size of the testes (both left and right) demonstrated a correlation with motility. This observation concluded was that Cemani chickens exhibit remarkably accurate semen characteristics and testicular morphometrics.
Enhancing dairy cow population through decreasing calf mortality and increasing calving rate in Indonesia: a system dynamics approach
Authors: Priyono  , Priyanti A , Ilham N , Nurmalina R , Burhanuddin  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The dairy industry in Indonesia is facing significant challenges due to the rates of calf mortality and low calving rates. Calf mortality and calving rate became critical factors that influence the sustainability of the dairy cow population. This study aimed to assess reproduction management by decreasing calf mortality and increasing calving rates to enhance the dairy cow population in Indonesia. This study employed secondary data in 2022 using technical parameter coefficients from previous research. A causal loop diagram and a simulation model using a system dynamics approach were developed to investigate the dynamics of the dairy cow population under different scenarios of calf mortality and calving rates from 2023 to 2030. The results showed that decreasing calf mortality by 2% may increase dairy cow population by 1,991 head/year (0.31%), heifer population by 417 head/year (0.63%), and adult female dairy cattle population by 389 head/year (0.09%). The finding of this study also showed that increasing calving rate by 5% may increase dairy cow population by 17,854 head/year (2.75%), heifer population by 3,698 head/year (5.56%), and adult female dairy cattle population by 2,137 head/year (0.51%). It is concluded that reducing calf mortality rates and improving calving rates should be prioritized to enhance the dairy cow population in Indonesia.
Isolation of microbes from nutmeg seeds as flavor biotransformation agents
Authors: Priadi G , Setiyoningrum F , Perwitasari U , Wibowo D S , Afiati F , Octaviana S 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nutmeg is Indonesia’s oldest spice, produced since ancient times. The microbes present in nutmeg may be involved in the synthesis of flavor compounds. The research aims were to isolate microbes from nutmeg seeds and use them as bio-transformation agents for flavor compounds from n-butanol. The research stages consisted of isolating bacteria and yeast from nutmeg seeds, gram staining of bacteria, using isolates in n-butanol transformation, and profiling the flavor compounds produced. The isolation process obtained 12 bacterial and 6 yeast isolates. Most bacteria have a coccus shape and are gram-positive. n-Butanol was transformed by the nutmeg isolates into isoamyl n-butyrate, n-butyl acetate, butyl propionate, butyl butyrate, and butyl isovalerate. Bacteria isolates produced more butyl butyrate than yeast. Isolate MBI01 produces the largest butyl butyrate area compared to the others, amounting to 47,708,509 and it has great potential as a biotransformation agent. Most of the isolates were able to convert glucose perfectly.