bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain stress system response after morphine-conditioned place preference
Authors: García-Carmona Juan-Antonio , Milanés María-Victoria , Laorden María-Luisa 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This study examined the involvement of the brain stress system in the reinforcing effects of morphine. One group of mice was conditioned to morphine using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and the other group received morphine in a home-cage (non-conditioned). Adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay; phospho (p) CREB expression and the number of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons and fibres were measured by immunohistochemistry in different brain areas. We observed that the number of CRF neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) was increased after morphine-induced CPP, which was paralleled with enhanced CRF-immunoreactivity fibres in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) vs. home-cage group injected with morphine. Morphine exposure induced an increase in CREB phosphorylated at Ser133 in the PVN and central amygdale (CeA), whereas mice exhibiting morphine CPP had higher levels of pCREB in the PVN, CeA and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We also found that most of the CRF-positive neurons in the PVN, CeA and BNST co-express pCREB after morphine CPP expression, suggesting that the drug-associated environmental contexts can elicit neuronal activity in the brain stress system. From the present results it is clear that exposure to a drug-associated context remains a potent activator of signalling pathways leading to CRF activation in the brain stress system.
Differential effects of acute and repeated stress on hippocampus and amygdala inputs to the nucleus accumbens shell
Authors: Gill Kathryn M. , Grace Anthony A. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and ventral subiculum (vSub) of the hippocampus convey emotion and context information, respectively, to the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Using in vivo extracellular recordings from NAc neurons, we examined how acute and repeated restraint stress alters the plasticity of the vSub and BLA afferent pathways. High-frequency (HFS) and low-frequency (LFS) stimulation was applied to the vSub to assess the impact on NAc responses to vSub and BLA inputs. In addition, iontophoretic application of the dopamine D2-antagonist sulpiride was used to explore the role of dopamine in the NAc in mediating the effects of stress on plasticity. Acute and repeated restraint caused disparate effects on BLA- and vSub-evoked responses in the NAc. Following repeated restraint, but not after acute restraint, HFS of the vSub failed to potentiate the vSub–NAc pathway while instead promoting a long-lasting reduction of the BLA–NAc pathway and these effects were independent of D2-receptor activity. In contrast, LFS to the vSub pathway after acute restraint resulted in potentiation in the vSub–NAc pathway while BLA-evoked responses were unchanged. When sulpiride was applied prior to LFS of the vSub after acute stress, there was a pronounced decrease in vSub-evoked responses similar to control animals. This work provides new insight into the impact of acute and repeated stress on the integration of context and emotion inputs in the NAc. These data support a model of stress whereby the hippocampus is inappropriately activated and dominates the information processing within this circuit via a dopaminergic mechanism after acute bouts of stress.
RAPE AND RACIAL APPRAISALS
Authors: McGuffey C. Shawn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUsing Black women's responses to same-race sexual assault, I demonstrate how scholars can use interpersonal violence to understand social processes and develop conceptual models. Specifically, I extend the concept of racial appraisal by shifting the focus from how indirect victims (e.g., family and friends) use race to appraise a traumatic event to how survivors themselves deploy race in the aftermath of rape. Relying on 111 interviews with Black women survivors in four cities, I analyze how race, gender, and class intersect and contour interpretations of sexual assault. I argue that African Americans in this study use racially inscribed cultural signifiers to root their understandings of rape within a racist social structure (i.e., a racial appraisal)—which they also perceive as sexist and, for some, classist—that encourages their silence about same-race sexual assault. African and Caribbean immigrants, however, often avoid the language of social structure in their rape accounts and use cultural references to distance themselves from African Americans. Last, I discuss the implications of my findings for Black feminist/intersectional theory.
Assessing Reproductive Condition in Captive and Wild Common Snook Stocks: A Comparison between the Wet Mount Technique and Histological Preparations
Authors: Rhody N. R. , Neidig C. L. , Grier H. J. , Main K. L. , Migaud H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe oocyte development in Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis and, secondarily, present results from a comparison of the wet mount technique with histological preparations of ovarian biopsies. Potential differences in ovarian development between wild and captive broodstock were investigated. Results showed that mean oocyte diameter (μm) was not statistically different between the two groups or within each defined stage and step of reproductive condition. Histological preparations were used to validate the wet mount technique as a rapid, yet accurate, low‐cost alternative for assessing reproductive condition in Common Snook. When compared with histology, the wet mount provided a precise method for determining whether female broodstock were candidates for hormone induction in aquaculture applications. However, due to the loss of fine resolution, it was not possible to identify cortical alveoli, oocyte atresia, and postovulatory follicle complexes by using the wet mount technique. Despite these limitations, findings from this study indicate that the wet mount technique may have applications in fishery biology as a noninvasive method for assessing reproductive condition in wild fish stocks.
One hippopotamus and eight blind analysts: a multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali
Authors: Lecocq Baz , Mann Gregory , Whitehouse Bruce , Badi Dida , Pelckmans Lotte , Belalimat Nadia , Hall Bruce , Lacher Wolfram 
Published: June 2013

This is an exercise in contemporary history that aims to give a comprehensive background and analysis to the current (2012) political crisis in Mali, generated by the start of a new Tuareg nationalist uprising against the state, complemented by a coordinated attack on the state by both international (AQIM) and local Jihadi–Salafi movements, leading to a coup d’état against the incumbent President Touré, and finallly a political stalemate of great concern to the international community. By pooling sources and analysis, a group of eight scholars tries to give a comprehensive overall picture.
[Un hippopotame et huit analystes aveugles : une analyse à plusieurs voix de la crise politique de 2012 dans la République du Mali divisée.] Cet exercice d'histoire contemporaine vise à fournir le contexte et une analyse complète de l'actuelle crise politique au Mali (2012). Initiée par l'amorce d'un nouveau soulèvement nationaliste touareg, la crise s'est aggravée suite à l'attaque coordonnée de mouvements salafistes jihadistes internationaux (Aqmi) et locaux contre l'Etat malien, conduisant à un coup d'Etat contre le président Touré en exercice, et, finalement, à une impasse politique inquiétante pour la communauté internationale. Mettant en commun sources et analyses, un groupe de huit chercheurs tente de fournir une étude complète de la situation.

Mots-clés : Mali ; Azawad ; Sahel ; djihad ; Touareg ; rébellion
Development enhances hypometabolism in northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris)
Authors: Tift Michael S. , Ranalli Elizabeth C. , Houser Dorian S. , Ortiz Rudy M. , Crocker Daniel E. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Investigation into the development of oxygen storage capacity in air‐breathing marine predators has been performed, but little is known about the development of regulatory factors that influence oxygen utilization. Strategies for efficiently using oxygen stores should enable marine predators to optimize time spent foraging underwater.

We describe the developmental patterns of oxygen use during voluntary breath‐holds in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) at 2 and 7 weeks postweaning. We measured (i) changes in oxygen consumption (VO2) and (ii) changes in venous pH, partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), haemoglobin saturation (sO2), oxygen content (O2ct), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), haematocrit (Hct) and total haemoglobin (tHb). To examine the effect of the dive response on the development of oxygen utilization, voluntary breath‐hold experiments were conducted in and out of water.

Suppression of VO2 during voluntary breath‐holds increased significantly between 2 and 7 weeks postweaning, reaching a maximum suppression of 53% below resting metabolic rate and 56% below Kleiber's standard metabolic rate. From 2 to 7 weeks postweaning, breath‐hold VO2 was reduced by 52%. Between the two age classes, this equates to a mean breath‐hold VO2 reduction of 16% from resting VO2. Breath‐hold VO2 also declined with increasing breath‐hold duration, but there was no direct effect of voluntary submergence on reducing VO2.

Age did not influence rates of venous pO2 depletion during breath‐holds. However, voluntary submergence did result in slower pO2 depletion rates when compared with voluntary terrestrial apnoeas. The differences in whole‐body VO2 during breath‐holds (measured at recovery) and venous pO2 (reflective of tissue O2‐use measured during breath‐holds) likely reflect metabolic suppression in hypoxic, vasoconstricted tissues.

Consistent pCO2 values at the end of all voluntary breath‐holds (59·0 ± 0·7 mmHg) suggest the physiological cue for stimulating respiration in northern elephant seal pups is the accumulation of CO2.

Oxygen storage capacity and metabolic suppression directly limit diving capabilities and may influence foraging success in low‐weaning weight seals forced to depart to sea prior to achieving full developmental diving capacity.
REVIEW: Towards a systems approach for understanding honeybee decline: a stocktaking and synthesis of existing models
Authors: Becher Matthias A. , Osborne Juliet L. , Thorbek Pernille , Kennedy Peter J. , Grimm Volker 
Published: June 2013

Summary

The health of managed and wild honeybee colonies appears to have declined substantially in Europe and the United States over the last decade. Sustainability of honeybee colonies is important not only for honey production, but also for pollination of crops and wild plants alongside other insect pollinators. A combination of causal factors, including parasites, pathogens, land use changes and pesticide usage, are cited as responsible for the increased colony mortality.

However, despite detailed knowledge of the behaviour of honeybees and their colonies, there are no suitable tools to explore the resilience mechanisms of this complex system under stress. Empirically testing all combinations of stressors in a systematic fashion is not feasible. We therefore suggest a cross‐level systems approach, based on mechanistic modelling, to investigate the impacts of (and interactions between) colony and land management.

We review existing honeybee models that are relevant to examining the effects of different stressors on colony growth and survival. Most of these models describe honeybee colony dynamics, foraging behaviour or honeybee – varroa mite – virus interactions.

We found that many, but not all, processes within honeybee colonies, epidemiology and foraging are well understood and described in the models, but there is no model that couples in‐hive dynamics and pathology with foraging dynamics in realistic landscapes.

Synthesis and applications. We describe how a new integrated model could be built to simulate multifactorial impacts on the honeybee colony system, using building blocks from the reviewed models. The development of such a tool would not only highlight empirical research priorities but also provide an important forecasting tool for policy makers and beekeepers, and we list examples of relevant applications to bee disease and landscape management decisions.
Measuring activity and participation in children and adolescents with disabilities: A literature review of available instruments
Authors: Phillips Rebecca L. , Olds Tim , Boshoff Kobie , Lane Alison E. 
Published: June 2013

Background/aimThis article aims to (1) identify instruments available to measure activity and participation in children with disabilities; (2) describe the reliability and validity of these instruments; and (3) consider whether the available instruments capture the extent of involvement, as well as the difficulty and satisfaction/enjoyment associated with performance in all life areas.MethodA literature review was completed by undertaking an electronic search to identify instruments that measure activity and participation in children with disabilities. A further electronic search was conducted to obtain an adequate description of the instruments, including psychometric properties.ResultsThe search identified 20 instruments purporting to measure activity and participation, however, no single instrument measured extent of involvement, difficulty and satisfaction/enjoyment in all life areas. There were instances in which each of these aspects was captured, but not within the one instrument. Instruments assessed combinations of frequency, difficulty, assistance, environment and satisfaction across varying contexts, for example, school, domestic life, recreational tasks, leisure tasks or all life areas.ConclusionsAlthough a large number of instruments exist to measure varying aspects of activity and participation, there is currently no single instrument available to measure the extent of involvement, difficulty and satisfaction/enjoyment in all life areas. This finding indicates that there is the opportunity to develop a single instrument to measure activity and participation across all life areas.
I Working with dissociative dynamics and the longing for excess in binge eating disorders
Authors: Austin Sue 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper the author describes her work with a woman who, in her mid 20s, sought analysis for her non‐vomiting binge eating disorder. The paper explores how two aspects of Jung's view of the psyche as healthily dissociable were used to think about the potential for change contained within the explosive, aggressive energies in this patient's bingeing. The resultant approach takes the patient's splitting defences, dissociations and self‐destructive behaviour as a point of access to her unconscious. Seen in this way, these behaviours contain the seeds of recovery and are the starting point for analysis rather than defences against it. The paper also brings a number of Jungian and post‐Jungian ideas into conversation with aspects of contemporary thinking about subjectivity, identity and the longing for excess developed by Leo Bersani and Judith Butler.
Secular and religious: the intrinsic doubleness of analytical psychology and the hegemony of naturalism in the social sciences
Authors: Main Roderick 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn recent years a number of prominent social theorists, including Jürgen Habermas and Charles Taylor, have voiced concern about the hegemony of naturalistic, secular assumptions in the social sciences, and in their different ways have sought to address this by establishing greater parity between secular and religious perspectives. This paper suggests that C.G. Jung's analytical psychology, which hitherto has been largely ignored by social theory, may have something to contribute on this issue as it can be understood coherently both empirically, without reference to transcendent reality, and metaphysically, with reference to transcendent reality. It is argued that, despite his denials of any metaphysical intent, Jung does in fact engage in metaphysics and that together the empirical and metaphysical vectors of his thought result in a rich and distinctive double perspective. This dual secular and religious perspective can be seen as part of Jung's own critique of the hegemony of naturalism and secularism, which for Jung has profound social as well as clinical relevance. The concern and approach that Habermas and Taylor share with Jung on this issue may provide some grounds for increased dialogue between analytical psychology and the social sciences.
fMRI responses to Jung's Word Association Test: implications for theory, treatment and research
Authors: Petchkovsky Leon , Petchkovsky Michael , Morris Philip , Dickson Paul , Montgomery Danielle , Dwyer Jonathan , Burnett Patrick 
Published: June 2013

AbstractJung's Word Association Test was performed under fMRI conditions by 12 normal subjects. Pooled complexed responses were contrasted against pooled neutral ones. The fMRI activation pattern of this generic ‘complexed response’ was very strong (corrected Z scores ranging from 4.90 to 5.69). The activation pattern in each hemisphere includes mirror neurone areas that track ‘otherness’ (perspectival empathy), anterior insula (both self‐awareness and emotional empathy), and cingulated gyrus (self‐awareness and conflict‐monitoring). These are the sites described by Siegel and colleagues as the ‘resonance circuitry’ in the brain which is central to mindfulness (awareness of self) and empathy (sense of the other), negotiations between self awareness and the ‘internal other’. But there is also an interhemispheric dialogue. Within 3 seconds, the left hemisphere over‐rides the right (at least in our normal subjects).Mindfulness and empathy are central to good psychotherapy, and complexes can be windows of opportunity if left‐brain hegemony is resisted. This study sets foundations for further research: (i) QEEG studies (with their finer temporal resolution) of complexed responses in normal subjects (ii) QEEG and fMRI studies of complexed responses in other conditions, like schizophrenia, PTSD, disorders of self organization.
Has the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones increased in Korea? A preliminary single‐center experience
Authors: Kim Ju Wan , Oh Hyoung‐Chul , Do Jae Hyuk , Choi Yoo‐Shin , Lee Seung Eun 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the prevalence of cholesterol gallstones, the compositional changes of gallstones and its predisposing factors in Korea with this single‐center study.MethodsData of 365 patients who underwent cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis from July 2008 to September 2011 were reviewed. Based on the compositional analysis of the gallstones, patients were assigned to either cholesterol gallstone group or pigment gallstone group. The characteristics of the patients and the gallstones were summarized and compared.ResultsAfter eight patients with mixed gallstones were excluded, 357 patients were enrolled in the study, including cholesterol gallstones in 175 (49.0%) and pigment gallstones in 182 (51.0%). The number of patients with cholecystolithiasis increased but the prevalence of cholesterol gallstone decreased with age. Compared with the pigment gallstone group, the cholesterol gallstone group was associated with young age (<50 years), female gender, obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and the absence of chronic liver diseases.ConclusionThe relative prevalence of cholesterol gallstones in Korea has been stationary so far, but may change in the future since cholesterol gallstones are increasingly prevalent in the young generation.
Resveratrol prevents development of eosinophilic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in a mouse model
Authors: Kim S.‐W. , Kim D. W. , Khalmuratova R. , Kim J. H. , Jung M. H. , Chang D.‐Y. , Shin E.‐C. , Lee H.‐K. , Shin H.‐W. , Rhee C.‐S. , Jeon S.‐Y. , Min Y.‐G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundSince the recent establishment of a murine model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), both the development of new drugs for treatment or prevention of eosinophilic CRSwNP and elucidation of their pathogenesis have been feasible. We investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol on CRSwNP and its mechanism of action using a murine model.MethodsAfter induction of eosinophilic CRSwNP, the therapeutic effects of resveratrol were tested and compared with those of triamcinolone acetonide. Histopathologic changes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin for overall inflammation, Sirius red for eosinophils, and Masson's trichrome stain for collagen. The expression levels of the interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C4 synthase genes were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR. Cyclooxygense‐2 and 5‐lipoxygense levels were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis.ResultsThe degree of eosinophilic infiltration and subepithelial fibrosis was significantly decreased by administration of high‐dose resveratrol, the potency of which was similar to that of triamcinolone acetonide. The expression levels of the IL‐4, IL‐5, prostaglandin D synthase, and leukotriene C4 synthase genes were significantly decreased by administration of low‐ or high‐dose resveratrol. The production of 5‐lipoxygenase was strongly inhibited by high‐dose resveratrol.ConclusionsResveratrol may be useful for the prevention of eosinophilic CRSwNP. A key mechanism of its action is believed to be its anti‐inflammatory effect, particularly on eosinophils, by inhibiting the lipoxygenase pathway.
Low vitamin D serum level is inversely associated with eczema in children and adolescents in Germany
Authors: Heimbeck I. , Wjst M. , Apfelbacher C. J. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have yielded heterogeneous results regarding the relationship between vitamin D and atopic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D level and the prevalence of eczema in German children and adolescents.MethodsData were drawn for children aged 1–17 from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), a nationwide cross‐sectional representative survey. 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum concentration was measured in 9838 individuals with eczema and categorized into quartiles. We investigated the association of vitamin D level and eczema by means of logistic regression models.ResultsWeighted prevalence of eczema was 13.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.6–14.4%). Mean vitamin D level was significantly higher in those with eczema compared with those without (P < 0.0001). Logistic regression revealed an inverse association between low levels of vitamin D and eczema (multivariate OR for quartile 1 vs quartile 2: 0.76 (95% CI 0.61–0.94)).ConclusionsThis study suggests that low serum vitamin D level is inversely associated with eczema in German children and adolescents. Prospective studies are required to confirm this result, to discuss a potential opportunity for prevention of eczema.