bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emission of methyl chloride from a fern growing in subtropical, temperate, and cool‐temperate climate zones
Authors: Yokouchi Yoko , Takenaka Akio , Miyazaki Yuzo , Kawamura Kimitaka , Hiura Tsutom 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTropical and subtropical forests are believed to be the largest source of methyl chloride (CH3Cl), which is a natural stratospheric ozone destroyer. However, very little is known about what controls the rate of emission from these forests or why biogenic CH3Cl emission is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. In this study, we investigated the seasonal and spatial variations of the rate of CH3Cl emission from the fern Osmunda japonica, which has a broad distribution covering the subtropical, temperate, and subboreal climate zones. The average rates of CH3Cl emission from the fern were similar (~1–4 µg g(dw)−1 h−1) among three areas, and there was no significant seasonal change in the temperate zone, although the rate was highly variable among individual plants. These findings suggest that meteorological climate such as temperature and solar radiation is not a major environmental factor controlling biogenic CH3Cl emission of individual plants, but species with high CH3Cl emission activity are more abundant in tropical and subtropical zones. We also found that developmental stage might be an important factor controlling biogenic CH3Cl emission rates. These results have implications for predicting future global CH3Cl emission budgets and for understanding of the plant‐atmosphere interaction.
High‐Resolution Respirometry for Mitochondrial Characterization of Ex Vivo Mouse Tissues
Authors: Cantó Carles , Garcia‐Roves Pablo M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article describes methodologies to examine mitochondrial respiration in fresh preparations of mouse tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, liver, white and brown adipose tissue, and brain. Reference values and tips to maximize experimental efficiencies are also provided. Finally, correction methods and complementary techniques to properly interpret the results are presented and contrasted. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Establishment and Use of Mouse Haploid ES Cells
Authors: Leeb Martin , Perry Anthony C.F. , Wutz Anton 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHaploid genetics has facilitated new insights into mammalian pathways and disease mechanisms. Most animal cells are diploid, and mammalian haploid cell cultures have remained elusive for a long time. Recent methodological progress has enabled the routine derivation of haploid stem cell lines from mammalian haploid embryos. Here we provide detailed protocols for the establishment, culture, and manipulation of parthenogenetic and androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells from mouse embryos. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using the Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life Questionnaire to Measure Visual Outcomes in Children With Uveitis
Authors: Angeles‐Han Sheila T. , Yeh Steven , McCracken Courtney , Jenkins Kirsten , Stryker Daneka , Myoung Erica , Vogler Larry B. , Rouster‐Stevens Kelly , Lambert Scott R. , Harrison Melanie J. , Prahalad Sampath , Drews‐Botsch Carolyn 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe Effects of Youngsters’ Eyesight on Quality of Life (EYE‐Q) is a novel measure of vision‐related quality of life (QOL) and function in children. We aim to determine the validity of the EYE‐Q in childhood uveitis.MethodsWe abstracted medical record data on arthritis and uveitis in a convenience sample of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and/or uveitis. In addition to the EYE‐Q, parents and patients completed questionnaires on overall QOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]), and physical functioning (Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire [C‐HAQ]).ResultsAmong 57 children (8 JIA, 24 JIA and uveitis, 25 uveitis alone), 102 ocular examinations were performed within 1 month of completing questionnaires. Uveitis patients had bilateral disease (69%), anterior involvement (78%), synechiae (51%), and cataracts (49%). Children with vision loss in their better eye (visual acuity [VA] 20/50 or worse) had worse EYE‐Q (P = 0.006) and PedsQL (P = 0.028) scores, but not C‐HAQ scores. The EYE‐Q moderately correlated with logMAR VA (rs = −0.43), PedsQL (rs = 0.43), and C‐HAQ (rs = −0.45), but was not correlated with anterior chamber cells or intraocular pressure. The PedsQL and C‐HAQ did not correlate with VA or cells. There were strong correlations between the parent and child EYE‐Q (rs = 0.62). Cronbach's α for the child report was 0.91. The EYE‐Q had strong test–retest reliability (rs = 0.75).ConclusionThe EYE‐Q may be an important tool in the assessment of visual outcomes in childhood uveitis and an improvement over general measures in detecting changes in vision‐related function.
Diaminodiacid Bridges to Improve Folding and Tune the Bioactivity of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides
Authors: Guo Ye , Sun De‐Meng , Wang Feng‐Liang , He Yao , Liu Lei , Tian Chang‐Lin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDisulfide‐rich peptides containing three or more disulfide bonds are promising therapeutic and diagnostic agents, but their preparation is often limited by the tedious and low‐yielding folding process. We found that a single cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement could significantly increase the folding efficiency of disulfide‐rich peptides and thus improve their production yields. The practicality of this strategy was demonstrated by the synthesis and folding of derivatives of the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA, the preclinical hormone hepcidin, and the trypsin inhibitor EETI‐II. NMR and X‐ray crystallography studies confirmed that these derivatives of disulfide‐rich peptide retained the correct three‐dimensional conformations. Moreover, the cystine‐to‐diaminodiacid replacement enabled structural tuning, thereby leading to an EETI‐II derivative with higher bioactivity than the native peptide.
Extraordinary Changes in the Electronic Structure and Properties of CdS and ZnS by Anionic Substitution: Cosubstitution of P and Cl in Place of S
Authors: Kouser Summayya , Lingampalli S. R. , Chithaiah P. , Roy Anand , Saha Sujoy , Waghmare Umesh V. , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnlike cation substitution, anion substitution in inorganic materials such as metal oxides and sulfides would be expected to bring about major changes in the electronic structure and properties. In order to explore this important aspect, we have carried out first‐principles DFT calculations to determine the effects of substitution of P and Cl on the properties of CdS and ZnS in hexagonal and cubic structures and show that a sub‐band of the trivalent phosphorus with strong bonding with the cation appears in the gap just above the valence band, causing a reduction in the gap and enhancement of dielectric properties. Experimentally, it has been possible to substitute P and Cl in hexagonal CdS and ZnS. The doping reduces the band gap significantly as predicted by theory. A similar decrease in the band gap is observed in N and F co‐substituted in cubic ZnS. Such anionic substitution helps to improve hydrogen evolution from CdS semiconductor structures and may give rise to other applications as well.
Design of New Ligands for the Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of α‐Branched Secondary Amines
Authors: Park Nathaniel H. , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Surry David S. , Buchwald Stephen L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn Pd‐catalyzed CN cross‐coupling reactions, α‐branched secondary amines are difficult coupling partners and the desired products are often produced in low yields. In order to provide a robust method for accessing N‐aryl α‐branched tertiary amines, new catalysts have been designed to suppress undesired side reactions often encountered when these amine nucleophiles are used. These advances enabled the arylation of a wide array of sterically encumbered amines, highlighting the importance of rational ligand design in facilitating challenging Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
Preparation of Furo[3,2‐c]coumarins from 3‐Cinnamoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones and Acyl Chlorides: A Bu3P‐Mediated C‐Acylation/Cyclization Sequence
Authors: Lee Chia‐Jui , Tsai Cheng‐Che , Hong Shao‐Hao , Chang Geng‐Hua , Yang Mei‐Chun , Möhlmann Lennart , Lin Wenwei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA Bu3P‐mediated cyclization reaction of 3‐cinnamoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐2H‐chromen‐2‐ones though electrophilic addition of acyl chlorides towards the synthesis of highly functionalized furo[3,2‐c]coumarins bearing a phosphorus ylide moiety is described. These unprecedented cyclization reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions within short reaction times (1 min to 1 h), and can be further applied in the synthesis of alkenyl‐substituted furo[3,2‐c]coumarins by the treatment with carbonyl electrophiles under basic conditions.
Hydroaminomethylation Beyond Carbonylation: Allene–Imine Reductive Coupling by Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Oda Susumu , Sam Brannon , Krische Michael J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRuthenium(II)‐catalyzed hydrogen transfer from 2‐propanol mediates reductive coupling of 1,1‐disubstituted allenes with formaldimines with complete branch‐regioselectivity, thus representing a new method for hydroaminomethylation beyond classical hydroformylation/reductive amination.
Psychoanalysis of Advertising
Authors: Forest Frédéric 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article proposes elements for a psychoanalysis of advertisement and advertising messages. As a technique that has seen a recent boom, advertisement has been studied by multiple disciplines, including sociology, structural analysis, motivational studies, linguistics, and psychoanalysis. We insist on the analysis of the process of advertising communication, based on the hypothesis that “advertisements are structured like dreams”. In this sense, advertisement would be subject to the same interpretation as unconscious formations. First, we address the question of how an advert can carry hidden meaning. Secondly, we analyze how an advert can be like a speech without an author. Thus, advertisement addresses the unconscious, which plays the role of purchasing advisor. It presents itself as a technique for the commercialization of conscious attention, the origins of which can be described by psychoanalysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disturbance Decoupling of Time Delay Systems
Authors: Kaldmäe A. , Moog C. H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA necessary and sufficient condition is derived for the solvability of the disturbance decoupling problem by a pure shift dynamic compensator. It corrects previously obtained results for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems. Also, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the solvability of the problem by a dynamic compensator for single input single output (SISO) systems.
The national birth defects prevention study: A review of the methods
Authors: Reefhuis Jennita , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Anderka Marlene , Browne Marilyn L. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Hobbs Charlotte A. , Jenkins Mary M. , Langlois Peter H. , Newsome Kimberly B. , Olshan Andrew F. , Romitti Paul A. , Shapira Stuart K. , Shaw Gary M. , Tinker Sarah C. , Honein Margaret A. ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) is a large population‐based multicenter case–control study of major birth defects in the United States.MethodsData collection took place from 1998 through 2013 on pregnancies ending between October 1997 and December 2011. Cases could be live born, stillborn, or induced terminations, and were identified from birth defects surveillance programs in Arkansas, California, Georgia, Iowa, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah. Controls were live born infants without major birth defects identified from the same geographical regions and time periods as cases by means of either vital records or birth hospitals. Computer‐assisted telephone interviews were completed with women between 6 weeks and 24 months after the estimated date of delivery. After completion of interviews, families received buccal cell collection kits for the mother, father, and infant (if living).ResultsThere were 47,832 eligible cases and 18,272 eligible controls. Among these, 32,187 (67%) and 11,814 (65%), respectively, provided interview information about their pregnancies. Buccal cell collection kits with a cytobrush for at least one family member were returned by 19,065 case and 6,211 control families (65% and 59% of those who were sent a kit). More than 500 projects have been proposed by the collaborators and over 200 manuscripts published using data from the NBDPS through December 2014.ConclusionThe NBDPS has made substantial contributions to the field of birth defects epidemiology through its rigorous design, including case classification, detailed questionnaire and specimen collection, large study population, and collaborative activities across Centers. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:656–669, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct competitive chemiluminescence immunoassays based on gold‐coated magnetic particles for detection of chloramphenicol
Authors: Liang Xiaohui , Fang Xiangyi , Yao Manwen , Yang Yucong , Li Junfeng , Liu Hongjun , Wang Linyu 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDirect competitive chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA) based on gold‐coated magnetic nanospheres (Au‐MNPs) were developed for rapid analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP). The Au‐MNPs were modified with carboxyl groups and amino groups by 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) and cysteamine respectively, and then were respectively conjugated with CAP base and CAP succinate via an activating reaction using 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). NSP‐DMAE‐NHS, a new and effective luminescence reagent, was employed to label anti‐CAP antibody (mAb) as a tracer in direct CLIA for CAP detection using a ‘homemade’ luminescent measurement system that was set up with a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and a photon counting unit linked to a computer. The sensitivities and limits of detection (LODs) of the two methods were obtained and compared according to the inhibition curves. The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) values of the two methods were about 0.044 ng/mL and 0.072 ng/mL respectively and LODs were approximately 0.001 ng/mL and 0.006 ng/mL respectively. To our knowledge, they were much more sensitive than any traditional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ever reported. Moreover, the new luminescence reagent NSP‐DMAE‐NHS is much more sensitive and stable than luminol and its derivatives, contributing to the sensitivity enhancement. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility of low molecular weight polymers for two‐phase partitioning bioreactors
Authors: Harris Jesse , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTwo phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) improve the efficiency of fermentative processes by limiting the exposure of microorganisms to toxic solutes by sequestering them into a non‐aqueous phase (NAP). A potential limitation of this technology, when using immiscible organic solvents as the NAP, is the cytoxicity that these materials may exert on the microbes. An improved TPPB configuration is one in which polymeric NAPs are used to replace organic solvents in order to take advantage of their low cost, improved handling qualities, and biocompatibility. A recent study has shown that low molecular weight polymers may confer improved solute uptake relative to high molecular weight polymers (i.e., have higher partition coefficients), but it is unknown whether sufficiently low molecular weight polymers may inhibit cell growth. This study has investigated the biocompatibility of a range of low molecular weight polymers, and compared trends in biocompatibility to the well‐established “critical log P” concept. This was achieved by determining the biocompatibility of polypropylene glycol polymers over a molecular weight (MW) range of 425–4,000 to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pseudomonas putida, two organisms which have been previously used in TPPB systems. The lower MW polymers were shown to have lower average log P values, and showed more cytotoxicity than polymers of the same structure but with higher molecular weight. Since polymers are generally polydisperse (i.e., polymer samples contain a distribution of MWs), removal of the lower MW fractions via water washing was found to result in improved polymer biocompatibility. These results suggest that the critical log P concept remains useful for describing the toxicity of polymeric substances of different MWs, although it is complicated by the presence of the low MW fractions in the polymers arising from polydispersity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2450–2458. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation
Authors: Wei Ling , Xie Xiaoyan , Li Junhong , Li Ran , Shen Wenyan , Duan Shuwang , Zhao Rongce , Yang Wenli , Liu Qiuying , Fu Qiang , Qin Yang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAppropriate packaging and condensation are critical for eukaryotic chromatin's accommodation and separation during cell division. Human vigilin, a multi‐KH‐domain nucleic acid‐binding protein, is associated with alpha satellites of centromeres. DDP1, a vigilin's homolog, is implicated with chromatin condensation and segregation. The expression of vigilin was previously reported to elevate in highly proliferating tissues and increased in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Other studies showed that vigilin interacts with CTCF, contributes to regulation of imprinted genes Igf2/H19, and colocalizes with HP1α on heterochromatic satellite 2 and β‐satellite repeats. These studies indicate that human vigilin might be involved in chromatin remodeling and regular cell growth. To investigate the potential role of human vigilin in cell cycle, the correlations between vigilin and chromosomal condensation and segregation were studied. Depletion of human vigilin by RNA interference in HepG2 cells resulted in chromosome undercondensation and various chromosomal defects during mitotic phase, including chromosome misalignments, lagging chromosomes, and chromosome bridges. Aberrant polyploid nucleus in telophase was also observed. Unlike the abnormal staining pattern of chromosomes, the shape of spindle was normal. Furthermore, the chromatin showed a greater sensitivity to MNase digestion. Collectively, our findings show that human vigilin apparently participates in chromatin condensation and segregation.
Significance of Surface Trivalent Manganese in the Electrocatalytic Activity of Water Oxidation in Undoped and Doped MnO2 Nanowires
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Liu Jiong , Zhao Yonghui , Zhang Haojie , Du Fuping , Lin Chao , Zhao Tiejun , Sun Yuhan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe oxygen‐evolution reaction (OER) is a bottleneck reaction because of a significant overpotential loss in water electrolysis. Currently, MnO2‐based materials are promising candidates for OER electrocatalysts owing to their abundance and excellent properties. Herein, a hydrothermal method was used to prepare MnO2 nanowires with different diameters. Furthermore, an impregnation method was applied to dope MnO2 nanowires with Ca and Ag ions. Characterization by TEM, XRD, Raman, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption, and linear‐scanning voltammogram analysis were performed on these materials. It was found that the OER activity of as‐prepared and doped MnO2 nanowires is highly dependent on the fraction of surface trivalent manganese in MnO2 nanowires. Density functional theory calculations of doped MnO2 revealed the delicate change of the electronic properties of MnO2 nanowires after doping.
A Convoluted Polymeric Imidazole Palladium Catalyst: Structural Elucidation and Investigation of the Driving Force for the Efficient Mizoroki–Heck Reaction
Authors: Sato Takuma , Ohno Aya , Sarkar Shaheen M. , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMPPI‐Pd (7 mol ppm Pd), prepared from poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐co‐N‐vinylimidazole) and (NH4)2PdCl4 by our molecular convolution method, promoted the Mizoroki–Heck reaction in water to give the corresponding coupling products with high yield and reusability. To clarify why the catalyst was so active, structural elucidation and temperature‐dependent absorption/discharge investigation were performed using X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis, Raman and far‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and DFT calculations, which provided the structure of cis‐PdCl2L2 (L=imidazole moiety). Moreover, the temperature‐dependent absorption and discharge of aryl iodides and water in MPPI‐Pd were observed with near‐IR spectroscopy and macroscopic observations. The efficient diffusion of organic substrates into the internal nanospaces in MPPI‐Pd and the following discharge of the water molecules at 80 °C should enhance the catalytic activity dramatically as the driving force of the reaction.
Application of Statistical Design to an Industrial‐Scale Dead‐End Ultrafiltration Process
Authors: Shams Mohamed Bin , Mumtaz Faisal , Murali Ashwin , Akbar Waseem , Al‐Bastaki Nader 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn industrial‐scale dead‐end ultrafiltration system was optimized using statistically designed experiments. Given a certain level of pollutant, a two‐level full factorial design and a central composite design were used to optimize the filtrate production of a single 8‐inch industrial ultrafiltration membrane while manipulating the levels of four factors: feed pressure, backwash pressure, forward filtration time, and backwash time. Analysis of variance and residual analysis were used to validate and check the adequacy of the developed regression models. The optimal levels were later validated experimentally. The predicted filtrate production was in reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
Template‐Free Electrodeposition of Zinc Nanowires from an Ionic Liquid
Authors: Pulletikurthi Giridhar , Shapouri Ghazvini Maryam , Prowald Alexandra , Zein El Abedin Sherif , Endres Frank 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe template‐free synthesis of zinc nanowires was achieved from Zn(TfO)2 in 1‐butyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([Py1,4]TfO) at 125 °C. The electrodeposition process was evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry. The electrodeposited zinc was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction. SEM images indicated that the zinc deposits on gold contain nanowires of varying lengths, ranging from approximately 400 nm to 1.2 μm, whereas intertwined nanowire structures were observed on indium tin oxide (ITO) from the same solution. A similar kind of intertwined nanowire structure was also observed on both gold and ITO from ZnCl2/[Py1,4]TfO at the same temperature. The results show that zinc nanowire structures can be achieved from ionic liquids without a template at elevated temperatures.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 by M(CO)4(diimine) Complexes (M=Mo, W): Catalytic Activity Improved by 2,2′‐Dipyridylamine
Authors: Franco Federico , Cometto Claudio , Sordello Fabrizio , Minero Claudio , Nencini Luca , Fiedler Jan , Gobetto Roberto , Nervi Carlo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTetracarbonyl complexes of low‐valent Group VI transition metals (Mo and W), containing diimine bidentate ligands, namely W(CO)4(4,6‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (1), W(CO)4(6‐(2,6‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐phenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine) (2), Mo(CO)4(2,2′‐dipyridylamine) (3), and W(CO)4(2,2′‐dipyridylamine) (4), were synthesized and tested as homogeneous catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in nonaqueous media. Cyclic voltammetry performed under a CO2 atmosphere, revealed that these complexes have significant catalytic activity in acetonitrile, and gas chromatographic measurements together with exhaustive electrolysis showed that CO is the major reduction product. Mechanistic insights were obtained by IR‐spectroelectrochemical measurements. The substantially different electrocatalytic performances obtained for the two classes of catalysts are compared and discussed.