bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Albuminuria According to Status of Autoimmunity and Insulin Sensitivity Among Youth With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mottl Amy K. , Lauer Abigail , Dabelea Dana , Maahs David M. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , Dolan Larry M. , Gilliam Lisa K. , Lawrence Jean M. , Rodriguez Beatriz , Marcovina Santica M. , Imperatore Giuseppina , Kanakatti Shankar Roopa , Afkarian Maryam , Reynolds Kristi , Liese Angela D. , Mauer Michael , Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. ,   for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate whether etiologic diabetes type is associated with the degree of albuminuria in children with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
SEARCH is an observational, longitudinal study of children with diabetes. Youth with newly diagnosed diabetes were classified according to diabetes autoantibody (DAA) status and presence of insulin resistance. We defined insulin resistance as an insulin sensitivity score &lt;25th percentile for the United States general youth population. DAA status was based on positivity for the 65-kD isoform of glutamate decarboxylase and insulinoma-associated protein 2 antigens. The four etiologic diabetes type groups were as follows: DAA+/insulin-sensitive (IS) (n = 1,351); DAA+/insulin-resistant (IR) (n = 438); DAA−/IR (n = 379); and DAA−/IS (n = 233). Urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured from a random urine specimen. Multivariable regression analyses assessed the independent relationship between the four diabetes type groups and magnitude of UACR.

RESULTS
Adjusted UACR means across the four groups were as follows: DAA+/IS = 154 μg/mg; DAA+/IR = 137 μg/mg; DAA−/IR = 257 μg/mg; and DAA−/IS = 131 μg/mg (P &lt; 0.005). Only DAA−/IR was significantly different. We performed post hoc multivariable regression analysis restricted to the two IR groups to explore the contribution of DAA status and insulin sensitivity (continuous) to the difference in UACR between the IR groups. Only insulin sensitivity was significantly associated with UACR (β = −0.54; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
In youth with diabetes, the DAA−/IR group had a greater UACR than all other groups, possibly because of the greater magnitude of insulin resistance. Further exploration of the relationships between severity of insulin resistance, autoimmunity, and albuminuria in youth with diabetes is warranted.
Dynamic somatosensory evoked potentials to determine electrophysiological effects on the spinal cord during cervical spine extension
Authors: Morishita Yuichiro , Maeda Takeshi , Ueta Takayoshi , Naito Masatoshi , Shiba Keiichiro 
Published: July 2013

Object
The goal of this prospective study was to investigate somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) during dynamic motion of the cervical spine and to evaluate the efficacy of analyzing dynamic SSEPs for predicting dynamic effects on the spinal cord in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).

Methods
In total, 40 human subjects (20 CSM patients and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group) were examined prospectively using dynamic SSEPs with median nerve stimulation. The CSM patients showed cervical myelopathy due to cervical cord compression at the C4–5 segment. The SSEPs were examined with the cervical spine in a neutral position and at a 20° extension for 10 and 20 minutes. Changes in the N20 latency and amplitude were determined and analyzed. The authors defined the changes in the N20 latency and N20 amplitude between the neutral and extension positions of the cervical spine as percent latency and amplitude, respectively.

Results
In the CSM patients, SSEPs tended to deteriorate after cervical spine extension, and a statistically significant deterioration of the N20 amplitude after the extension was observed. Moreover, the percent latency and amplitude progressively increased during cervical spine extension in these patients. In the healthy controls, SSEPs tended to deteriorate with cervical spine extension, but these changes did not result in statistically significant differences. Moreover, in this group the percent latency and amplitude were almost identical during the extension. When the CSM patients and the healthy controls were compared, a significant difference in the percent amplitude was observed between the 2 groups during the cervical spine extension.

Conclusions
This study suggests the potential of dynamic SSEPs as a useful neurophysiological technique to detect the effect of dynamic factors on the pathogenesis of CSM.
A review of local antibiotic implants and applications to veterinary orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Moens N. , Gibson T. , Hayes G. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn the face of increasing incidence of multidrug resistant implant infections, local antibiotic modalities are receiving increased attention for both infection prophylaxis and treatment. Local antibiotic therapy that achieves very high antibiotic drug concentrations at the site of the implant may represent an avenue for treatment of biofilmforming bacterial pathogens. Randomized controlled trials in human patients have demonstrated an infection risk reduction when antibiotic-impregnated cement is used for infection prophylaxis in implanted joint prostheses, and when a gentamicin-impregnated collagen sponge is used for infection prophylaxis in midline sternotomy. The other modalities discussed have for the most part yet to be evaluated in randomized controlled trials in veterinary or human patients. In general, the in vivo pharmacokinetics and appropriate dosing profiles for local antibiotic modalities have yet to be elucidated. Toxicity is possible, and attention to the dose applied is warranted.
Le recours à un gendre en période de crise : innovation ou forclusion organisationnelle ? Jean Barennes chez Bardinet S. A. entre 1912 et 1934
Authors: Fonrouge Cécile 
Published: July 2013

Bardinet, une entreprise familiale de spiritueux, recrute en 1912 le gendre du créateur comme administrateur délégué et il la dirige jusqu’à son décès brutal en 1934. Pendant cette période, l’entreprise traverse différentes crises dont celle de succession et celle de 1929 à la forte composante sectorielle qui a conduit à la disparition de nombreuses entreprises d’alcools. Le recrutement d’un gendre peut-il être considéré comme une innovation organisationnelle permettant de surmonter les différentes crises ? La consultation du fonds d’archives concernant Jean Barennes permet d’analyser comment cette entreprise a traversé ces crises.
Entre crises et réformes, la lente émergence de la gestion à l'hôpital de Beaujeu du XVI e au XX e siècle
Authors: Guilhot Nicolas , Claveranne Jean-Pierre , Vanhove Sébastien 
Published: July 2013

L’objet de cet article est de montrer, en cernant l’impact de crises diverses sur l’évolution organisationnelle d’un hôpital de proximité depuis le XVI e siècle, la très lente montée en puissance de la gestion moderne. Il analyse en particulier la dialectique qui s’organise entre les réformes administratives et les crises économiques, sociales ou scientifiques, l’hôpital de Beaujeu n’adoptant parfois que tardivement les nouvelles formes d’organisation proposées ou imposées par les premières, et seulement après que les secondes ont eu des manifestations financières locales modifiant sa structure de revenus. Trois périodes sont étudiées : l’émergence d’une gouvernance détachée de l’échelle locale entre le XVI e et le XIX e siècle, l’adoption d’outils de calcul des coûts pour une maîtrise de l’activité au XIX e siècle, et l’appropriation du pilotage stratégique de cette activité au XX e siècle.
« Anatomia artificiosa » Usages et manipulations du corps à l’époque moderne
Authors: Andretta Elisa , Mandressi Rafael 
Published: July 2013

Sur le plan culturel, la pratique de la dissection est marquée par une série de faits, gestes et temporalités étroitement associés à son objet, le corps mort. On peut considérer le cadavre et les conditions matérielles de sa dissection comme les producteurs d’un ordre des savoirs. Le geste anatomique, dans sa matérialité, fonde un régime épistémologique dont il est aussi une émanation. Les structures théoriques et les modes de production de savoir sont étroitement liés aux objets concrets et aux pratiques matérielles d’intervention. La dissection peut donc être considérée comme un dispositif qui tout à la fois reflète et produit de la théorie. À partir de deux approches différentes et complémentaires, l’article est centré sur l’anatomia artificiosa, considérée comme un ensemble de manipulations et techniques d’interventions utilisées à l’époque moderne par les anatomistes pour mettre en évidence certaines spécificités des corps examinés. Dans une première section, l’article s’interroge sur les raisons épistémologiques qui guident l’anatomiste Bartolomeo Eustachi dans ses experientiae artificiosae, sur les savoir-faire et les techniques qui y sont mobilisées et sur leur mise en écriture. Dans un deuxième temps, l’étude met l’accent sur les liens entre les techniques de manipulation et d’artificialisation du corps mises en œuvre dans le cadre de l’anatomie moderne et sur les présupposés épistémologiques articulés en tant que programme de recherche sous-tendant le recours à la pratique de la dissection comme procédé de connaissance. Il en résulte, entre autres, aussi bien des tactiques de démonstration qui ordonnent le dispositif technique de l’anatomie, que l’émergence d’une tradition du travail anatomique consistant à produire des objets corporels. À partir de ces deux volets, notre réflexion vise à fournir un nouvel éclairage sur le « programme sensoriel » qui caractérise l’étude du corps dans l’Europe moderne.
Écrits sur la colère et système des passions au xvie siècle
Authors: Arcangeli Alessandro 
Published: July 2013

Au cours des dernières années, l'histoire des émotions a été un chantier dynamique de la recherche, et un territoire d'expérimentation méthodologique intéressant. Le xvie siècle est un laboratoire particulièrement prometteur, car les discours sur les passions traditionnellement prononcés par la médecine et la philosophie entrecroisent des préoccupations religieuses et politiques renouvelées. Bien que le stoïcisme et Thomas d'Aquin fourni encore les taxonomies les plus populaires, le vocabulaire et les schémas mentales ne sont pas statiques. Comme une étude de cas plus spécifique, nous examinons la littérature sur la colère et les contextes de sa production et circulation.
Soccer-Specific Warm-Up and Lower Extremity Injury Rates in Collegiate Male Soccer Players
Authors: Grooms Dustin R. , Palmer Thomas , Onate James A. , Myer Gregory D. , Grindstaff Terry 
Published: July 2013

Context:A number of comprehensive injury-prevention programs have demonstrated injury risk-reduction effects but have had limited adoption across athletic settings. This may be due to program noncompliance, minimal exercise supervision, lack of exercise progression, and sport specificity. A soccer-specific program described as the F-MARC 11+ was developed by an expert group in association with the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) to require minimal equipment and implementation as part of regular soccer training. The F-MARC 11+ has been shown to reduce injury risk in youth female soccer players but has not been evaluated in an American male collegiate population.Objective:To investigate the effects of a soccer-specific warm-up program (F-MARC 11+) on lower extremity injury incidence in male collegiate soccer players.Design:Cohort study.Setting:One American collegiate soccer team followed for 2 seasons.Patients or Other Participants:Forty-one male collegiate athletes aged 18–25 years.Intervention(s):The F-MARC 11+ program is a comprehensive warm-up program targeting muscular strength, body kinesthetic awareness, and neuromuscular control during static and dynamic movements. Training sessions and program progression were monitored by a certified athletic trainer.Main Outcome Measure(s):Lower extremity injury risk and time lost to lower extremity injury.Results:The injury rate in the referent season was 8.1 injuries per 1000 exposures with 291 days lost and 2.2 injuries per 1000 exposures and 52 days lost in the intervention season. The intervention season had reductions in the relative risk (RR) of lower extremity injury of 72% (RR = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.85) and time lost to lower extremity injury (P &lt; .01).Conclusions:This F-MARC 11+ program reduced overall risk and severity of lower extremity injury compared with controls in collegiate-aged male soccer athletes.
Récit de Soi médiatique et identitaire. La Liberté entre francisation, rentrée scolaire, discipline et éloge
Authors: Valenti Jean 
Published: July 2013

Cet article porte sur la rubrique « Dans nos écoles » du journal franco-manitobain La Liberté (2006-2008). L’auteur vise à montrer que le récit de soi y explore certaines stratégies de reconnaissance identitaires au croisement de l’individuel et du social. Il insiste sur les figures de la francisation, de la rentrée scolaire et de la discipline en milieu scolaire, tout en montrant que la dialectique de soi et de l’autre y ouvre un parcours symbolique à la faveur duquel l’autre de la culture franco-manitobaine (le monde anglophone) s’énonce implicitement. À ce titre, le récit de soi, comme forme narrative, constitue un lieu de médiations et de mémoire. Afin de mieux préciser son objet de recherche, l’auteur propose d’entrée de jeu une synthèse des travaux menés sur l’identité dans quelques champs disciplinaires en sciences humaines et sociales. Cette synthèse permet non seulement de mettre en relief la complexité du concept d’identité, mais aussi quelques idées directrices sans lesquelles celui-ci demeure perméable à tous les abus conceptuels.
Genotype Imputation in Genome‐Wide Association Studies
Authors: Porcu Eleonora , Sanna Serena , Fuchsberger Christian , Fritsche Lars G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractImputation is an in silico method that can increase the power of association studies by inferring missing genotypes, harmonizing data sets for meta‐analyses, and increasing the overall number of markers available for association testing. This unit provides an introductory overview of the imputation method and describes a two‐step imputation approach that consists of the phasing of the study genotypes and the imputation of reference panel genotypes into the study haplotypes. Detailed steps for data preparation and quality control illustrate how to run the computationally intensive two‐step imputation with the high‐density reference panels of the 1000 Genomes Project, which currently integrates more than 39 million variants. Additionally, the influence of reference panel selection, input marker density, and imputation settings on imputation quality are demonstrated with a simulated data set to give insight into crucial points of successful genotype imputation. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 78:1.25.1‐1.25.14. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Using BeadChip Microarrays
Authors: Lambert Gilliam , Tsinajinnie Darwin , Duggan David 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has successfully contributed to the study of complex diseases more than any other technology to date. Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using 10,000s to >1,000,000 SNPs have identified 1000s of statistically significant SNPs pertaining to 17 different human disease and trait categories. Post‐GWAS fine‐mapping studies using 10,000s to 100,000s SNPs on a microarray have narrowed the region of interest for many of these GWAS findings; in addition, independent signals within the original GWAS region have been identified. Focused content, SNP‐based microarrays such as the human exome, for example, have too been used successfully to identify novel disease associations. Success has come to studies where 100s to 10,000s (mostly) to >100,000 samples were genotyped. For the time being, SNP‐based microarrays remain cost‐effective especially when studying large numbers of samples compared to other “genotyping” technologies including next generation sequencing. In this unit, protocols for manual (LIMS‐free), semi‐manual, and automated processing of BeadChip microarrays are presented. Lower throughput studies will find value in the manual and semi‐manual protocols, while all types of studies‐‐‐low‐, medium‐, and high‐throughput‐‐‐will find value in the semi‐manual and automated protocols. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 78:2.9.1‐2.9.34. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Superhydrophobic Polymers
Authors: Wolfs Mélanie , Darmanin Thierry , Guittard Frédéric 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Antiwetting materials have been widely studied because of their potential applications in several fields. Polymeric materials are of special interest because they provide advantages including ease of processability and cost. This article introduces basic wetting theories and overviews the main techniques to produce superhydrophobic polymers, such as templating, molding, self‐assembly, soft lithography, layer‐by‐layer deposition, precipitation and crystallization, electrospinning, and electrochemical polymerization. For each method, representative examples as well as practical advantages and disadvantages are also presented.
Variation and Distribution: Forest Patterns as a Model for Urban Morphologies
Authors: Greenberg Evan , Jeronimidis George 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhat can we learn from the spatial logic of collections of trees in the rainforest? Evan Greenberg of the EmTech programme at the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture in London and George Jeronimidis of the Centre for Biomimetics at the University of Reading combine forces to analyse the rainforest's morphology and its potential as an urban model. They suggest how the sectional height differentiation of trees could present a new way of thinking about urban organisation, accommodating varied microclimates, programmes and the city's infrastructural flows.
A History of Territories, Movements and Borders: Politics of Inhabitation
Authors: Lathouri Marina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIf the city is as much about culture as nature, then a cultural understanding of the shaping of the urban is as essential as a scientific one. Here, architect and critic Marina Lathouri, who directs the graduate programme in History and Critical Thinking at the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture in London, describes how the concept of planning in the 19th century became intrinsically linked to notions of territory, borders and spatial organisation. She questions whether this might now be tested, and new design technologies used, to expose underlying emerging patterns of disruptive flows beckoning the possibility of the logic of a new social disposition.
Cities and Grids: In Search of New Paradigms
Authors: Busquets Joan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe wider global influences of expanded populations, new technologies and economies in both Europe and the Far East are having a direct impact on the pattern and planning of urban form. Joan Busquets, the principal of B Arquitectura I Urbanisme (BAU) in Barcelona, and Professor in Practice of Urban Planning and Design at Harvard Graduate School of Design (GSD), describes how the urban grid is continuing to evolve with these changes, becoming ‘a matrix for innovation within urban development, allowing the creation of sustainable and compact cities’, enabling the forming of ‘new networks and innovative city systems’.
The Grounds of a Renewed Practice: Groundlab's Approach Towards Landscape and Infrastructure
Authors: Castro Eva , Ramírez José Alfredo , Rico Eduardo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBased in London and Beijing, Groundlab is an emerging international practice that specialises in landscape urbanism. Eva Castro, José Alfredo Ramírez and Eduardo Rico of Groundlab describe the potential that the ground itself provides for a new urbanism, which is able to integrate multiple fields and scales while also engaging with greater territorial systems. They explain how landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted was influential in establishing an approach that uses ecological infrastructure as the basis for design. They proceed in describing two Groundlab projects that integrate ground remediation and water infrastructure techniques: Paisajes Latentes urban design masterplan for Valle De Chalco Solidaridad in Mexico City (2011) and the Ground Ecologies masterplan for the redevelopment of the Jiading District in Shanghai (2010).
Networks and the City
Authors: Valverde Sergi , Solé Ricard V 
Published: July 2013

Abstract‘Cities need to change to survive. As living beings that are constantly replacing their cells, rebuilding their veins and arteries, and pumping energy and matter or producing waste, cities are also growing and evolving as they age.’ Just how complex, though, are cities? Sergi Valverde and Ricard V Solé of the ICREA‐Complex Systems Lab at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona look at how network theory and emergent dynamics might be bringing us closer to an overarching theory of urban organisation.
Cyclometallated Gold(III) Complexes as Effective Catalysts for Synthesis of Propargylic Amines, Chiral Allenes and Isoxazoles
Authors: Kung Karen Ka‐Yan , Lo Vanessa Kar‐Yan , Ko Hok‐Ming , Li Gai‐Li , Chan Pui‐Ying , Leung King‐Chi , Zhou Zhongyuan , Wang Ming‐Zhong , Che Chi‐Ming , Wong Man‐Kin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of cyclometallated gold(III) complexes [Au($\widehat{CN}$)Cl2] 1a–l (H$\widehat{CN}$=arylpyridines) and a PEG‐linked complex 1m were synthesized. Complexes 1a–m are effective in catalyzing the synthesis of propargylic amines, chiral allenes and isoxazoles. Six‐membered ring cyclometallated gold(III) complexes 1f–l exhibited higher catalytic activity than five‐membered ring cyclometallated gold(III) complexes 1a–e. The diastereoselectivity of propargylic amines could be tuned by using chiral aldehyde and/or amine substrates. Excellent enantioselectivities (90–98% ee) were achieved in chiral allene synthesis. Chiral allene racemization could be minimized by using 1f as catalyst. The PEG‐linked catalyst 1m is the most catalytically active towards synthesis of propargylic amines, in which case a product turnover of 900 was achieved. Moreover, 1m could be repeatedly used for 12 reaction cycles, leading to an overall turnover number of 872.
Polystyrene‐Supported N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Silver Complexes as Robust and Efficient Catalysts for the Reaction of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols
Authors: Tang Xiaodong , Qi Chaorong , He Haitao , Jiang Huanfeng , Ren Yanwei , Yuan Gaoqing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThree polystyrene‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene–silver complexes [PS‐NHC‐Ag(I)] and a polystyrene‐supported N‐heterocyclic carbene–copper complex [PS‐NHC‐Cu(I)] catalyst were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma‐atom emission spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron micrographs. The catalytic activity of the supported catalysts was investigated for the reaction of propargylic alcohols and carbon dioxide. PS‐NHC‐Cu(I) showed no catalytic activity to the reaction, while PS‐NHC‐Ag(I) showed a considerable high activity and selectivity for the reaction, yielding the corresponding α‐alkylidene cyclic carbonates in high to excellent yields under mild conditions. Most importantly, the supported catalysts could be separated easily from the products and reused up to 15 times without loss of their high catalytic activity, showing excellent stability. The effect of various reaction parameters such as carbon dioxide pressure, temperature, time, and catalyst loading on the reaction was also investigated.