bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Performance of Class I and II Composite Restorations: A Literature review on Nondestructive Laboratory Trials—Part II
Authors: Dietschi D , Argente A , Krejci I , Mandikos M 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
A literature review was conducted on adhesive Class I and II restorations and nondestructive in vitro tests using the PubMed/Medline database for the 1995-2010 period. The first part of this review has presented and critically appraised selected literature dealing with the quality and in vitro behavior of adhesive Class II restorations using photoelasticity, finite element analysis, and microleakage study protocols. This second part reviews additional parameters, which are deformation and fracture resistance to cyclic loading, shrinkage stress and tooth deformation following restoration placement, bond strength (microtensile, tensile, and shear tests), and marginal and internal adaptation. In addition, a “relevance score” has been proposed that aims to classify the different study protocols according, firstly, to the resulting quality, quantity, and consistency of the evidence and then, secondly, to their potential clinical relevance, as estimated by their ability to simulate oral and biomechanical strains. The highest clinical relevance was attributed to marginal and internal adaptation studies, following cyclic loading in a moist environement. However, a combination of in vitro protocols will have an even greater predictive potential and has to be considered as a crucial preclinical research approach with which to investigate the numerous restorative configurations that cannot be efficiently and rapidly tested in vivo.
Prevalence of and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis in psittacine birds
Authors: Beaufrère Hugues , Ammersbach Mélanie , Reavill Drury R. , Garner Michael M. , Heatley J. Jill , Wakamatsu Nobuko , Nevarez Javier G. , Tully Thomas N. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To estimate the prevalence of clinically relevant atherosclerotic lesions in birds and identify epidemiological variables and illness types associated with development of atherosclerosis.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Sample—Records of 7683 psittacine birds, including 525 with advanced atherosclerosis.
Procedures—5 pathology centers provided databases and access to histopathology slides. Age and sex were collected for all birds of the Amazona, Ara, Cacatua, Nymphicus, and Psittacus genera. Databases were searched for atherosclerosis cases, and slides were reviewed for the presence of type IV through VI atherosclerotic lesions. Results were used to build several multiple logistic models to define the association between advanced atherosclerosis and age, sex, genus, illness type, and specific lesions. Prevalence was reported as a function of age, sex, and genus.
Results—In the first model including 7683 birds, age, female sex, and the genera Psittacus, Amazona, and Nymphicus were significantly associated with clinically relevant atherosclerosis detected via necropsy. Subsequent models of 1,050 cases revealed further associations with reproductive disease, hepatic disease, and myocardial fibrosis, controlling for age, sex, and genus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Age, female sex, and 3 genera appeared to be positively associated with the presence of advanced atherosclerotic lesions in psittacine birds. This information may be useful in clinical assessment of the cardiovascular system and patient management. Reproductive diseases were the only potentially modifiable risk factor identified and could be a target for prevention in captive psittacine birds.
Comparison of a chlorambucil-prednisolone combination with an azathioprine-prednisolone combination for treatment of chronic enteropathy with concurrent protein-losing enteropathy in dogs: 27 cases (2007–2010)
Authors: Dandrieux Julien R. S. , Noble Peter-John M. , Scase Timothy J. , Cripps Peter J. , German Alexander J. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare treatment protocols for chronic enteropathy and concurrent protein-losing enteropathy that used prednisolone in conjunction with either azathioprine or chlorambucil in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—27 dogs.
Procedures—All dogs had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin concentration, < 18.0 g/L) and chronic enteropathy as diagnosed via complete gastrointestinal tract investigations including intestinal biopsy. Dogs received either an azathioprine-prednisolone combination (group A; n = 13) or a chlorambucil-prednisolone combination (group C; 14). Response to treatment was assessed by evaluation of body weight gain, serum albumin concentration, and duration of primary treatment.
Results—No significant pretreatment differences were detected between groups for any baseline variable (signalment and weight), clinicopathologic variable (albumin, cobalamin, and folate concentrations), or histopathologic findings. After treatment, serum albumin concentration and weight gain were significantly greater in group C. Median survival time for group A dogs was 30 days (95% confidence interval, 15 to 45 days) and was not reached for group C dogs. Duration of primary treatment was positively associated with the histopathologic presence of mild lacteal dilatation and use of a chlorambucil-prednisolone combination.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that a chlorambucil-prednisolone protocol is more efficacious for treatment of chronic enteropathy and concurrent protein-losing enteropathy, compared with an azathioprine-prednisolone combination. Given these findings, a prospective randomized clinical trial is warranted.
Cystoscopic sex identification of posthatchling chelonians
Authors: Selleri Paolo , Di Girolamo Nicola , Melidone Raffaele 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Objective—To describe a noninvasive technique for sex identification of posthatchling chelonians and to assess its safety in Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni).
Design—Validation study and clinical trial.
Animals—15 recently dead posthachling chelonians and 25 healthy posthatchling Hermann's tortoises.
Procedures—Cystoscopy was performed on both dead and anesthetized live chelonians. Dead chelonians ranged in body weight from 32.4 to 75.1 g (0.07 to 0.17 lb; median, 45.7 g [0.10 lb]). Dead chelonians were dissected immediately after cystoscopy, and gonads were collected for histologic examination. Urinary bladder was macroscopically evaluated in situ to assess its integrity after retrograde injection of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Hermann's tortoises ranged in body weight from 27.3 to 57.8 g (0.06 to 0.13 lb; median, 37.0 g [0.08 lb]). Cystoscopic examination of live tortoises was performed following induction of general anesthesia with a mixture of morphine, dexmedetomidine, and ketamine administered IM. The Pearson coefficient was used to assess the consistency between procedure time and body weight; κ statistic was used to evaluate agreement between sex identified by cystoscopy and histologic examination beyond that expected by mere chance.
Results—Visualization of gonads was feasible through the thin, transparent urinary bladder wall in all the animals evaluated in this study. Blinded histologic examination confirmed the results of cystoscopic gonad identification in all dead chelonians (κ = 1.0). The urinary bladder did not have evidence of macroscopic leakage or microscopic alterations of normal tissue architecture within the representative sections chosen for histologic examination. In live tortoises, median procedure time (range) was 90 (39 to 345) seconds. No significant correlations were found between procedure time and body weight.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cystoscopy performed by means of rigid endoscopy with fluid instillation was found to be an effective method for sex identification of immature chelonians. Furthermore, no complications were observed when this procedure was performed in vivo.
L-leucinium perchlorate: new molecular complex with nonlinear optical properties. Vibrational, calorimetric and theoretical studies
Authors: Marchewka Mariusz , Drozd Marek 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
On the basis of prior X-ray crystallographic results published by J. Janczak and G. Perpetuo, detailed vibrational studies were performed. The FT-IR and Raman spectra at ambient temperature were measured. The NLO properties were determined with the Kurtz-Perry experiment. Theoretical vibrational spectra were calculated. A detailed potential energy distribution (PED) analysis was performed. Assignments of observed bands were made. On the basis of these results, the behaviour of hydrogen bonds in the investigated compound was analysed and discussed. The equilibrium geometry of L-leucinium perchlorate was obtained. The results were compared with experimental X-ray data. The DFT formalism was used in theoretical studies. Detailed TDDFT study of hyperpolarizbility of first and second order for the investigated molecule was performed. Results were compared with experiments. Theoretical population analysis was used to determine the local electron density and local charges in investigated molecule. Differential scanning calorimetric study (DSC) was performed.
Optimization of synthesis conditions and the study of magnetic and dielectric properties for MgFe2O4 ferrite
Authors: Druc Alin , Dumitrescu Anca , Borhan Adrian , Nica Valentin , Iordan Alexandra , Palamaru Mircea 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Nano-sized magnesium ferrites were synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method using a variety of chelating/combustion agents: tartaric acid, citric acid, cellulose, glycine, urea and hexamethylenetetramine. The original purpose of this work was the synthesis of nano-sized magnesium ferrite by using, for the first time, cellulose and hexamethylenetetramine as chelating/combustion agents. Synthesized samples were subjected to different heat treatments at 773 K, 973 K and, respectively 1173 K in air. The disappearance of the organic phase and nitrate phase with the spinel structure formation was monitored by infrared absorption spectroscopy. Spinel structure, crystallite size and cation distribution were evaluated by X-ray diffraction data. The morphology of as-prepared powders was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The magnetic and dielectric properties were studied for the obtained samples.
High resolution mass spectrometric characterization of amino linked oligosaccharides — a preliminary study
Authors: Ghiulai Roxana , Galusca Mirela , Sisu Ioana , Sisu Eugen , Zamfir Alina 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In this study maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose were for the first time, coupled to 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA). The aim of this preliminary work was to test the feasibility of oligo- and polysaccharide coupling to MDA and the characterization of the coupling products by high resolution mass spectrometry (MS). (+) nanoESI in combination with a quadrupole time of flight (QTOF) MS in full scan (MS) and MS/MS was optimized first on underivatized maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose. The optimal screening and sequencing conditions were further applied to the MDA-functionalized oligosaccharides. The obtained results revealed a straightforward MS detection of the functionalized oligomers, high sequence coverage and a fragmentation pathway with the formation of B and Y ions as well as the complementary C and Z ions along with a typical cleavage of the aglycon. We consider that this methodology is fully applicable also to polydisperse mixtures of long chain polysaccharides, which due to the large number of components and their size require a systematic method of development and testing.
Optimization of synthesis procedure and structure characterization of manganese tungstate nanoplates
Authors: Rahimi-Nasrabadi Mehdi , Pourmortazavi S. , Khalilian-Shalamzari Morteza , Hajimirsadeghi S. , Zahedi M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A simple and fast chemical method was used for synthesis of manganese tungstate nanoplates in flower-like clusters; while Taguchi robust design was employed as statistical method for optimization of the experimental parameters for the procedure. Ultrafine manganese tungstate plates in flower-like clusters were synthesized via a direct precipitation method involving addition of manganese ion solution to the aqueous tungstate reagent. Effects of various reaction conditions such as manganese and tungstate concentrations, flow rate of reagent addition and reactor temperature on the thickness of the synthesized manganese tungstate plates were investigated experimentally. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that manganese tungstate nanoplates could be effectively synthesized by tuning significant parameters of precipitation procedure. Meanwhile, optimum conditions for synthesis of MnWO4 nanoplates via this simple, fast, and cost effective method were proposed. The structure and composition of the prepared nanoplates under optimum conditions were characterized by EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, and photoluminescence techniques.
The Steep Ramp Test in Dutch White Children and Adolescents: Age- and Sex-Related Normative Values
Authors: Bongers Bart C. , de Vries Sanne I. , Obeid Joyce , van Buuren Stef , Helders Paul J.M. , Takken Tim 
Published: May 2013

Background
The Steep Ramp Test (SRT), a feasible, reliable, and valid exercise test on a cycle ergometer, may be more appealing for use in children in daily clinical practice than the traditional cardiopulmonary exercise test because of its short duration, its resemblance to children's daily activity patterns, and the fact that it does not require respiratory gas analysis.

Objective
The aim of the present study was to provide sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in Dutch white children and adolescents who were healthy and 8 to 19 years old.

Design
This was a cross-sectional, observational study.

Methods
A total of 252 Dutch white children and adolescents, 118 boys (mean age=13.4 years, SD=3.0) and 134 girls (mean age=13.4 years, SD=2.9), performed the SRT (work rate increment of 10, 15, or 20 W·10 s−1, depending on body height) to voluntary exhaustion to assess peak work rate (WRpeak). Normative values are presented as reference centiles developed by use of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape.

Results
Peak work rate correlated highly with age (r=.915 and r=.811), body mass (r=.870 and r=.850), body height (r=.922 and r=.896), body surface area (r=.906 and r=.885), and fat free mass (r=.930 and r=.902) in boys and girls, respectively. The reference curves demonstrated an almost linear increase in WRpeak with age in boys, even when WRpeak was normalized for body mass. In contrast, absolute WRpeak in girls increased constantly until the age of approximately 13 years, when it started to level off. Peak work rate normalized for body mass in girls showed only a slight increase with age until 14 years of age, when a slight decrease in relative WRpeak was observed.

Limitations
The sample may not have been entirely representative of the Dutch population.

Conclusions
The present study provides sex- and age-related normative values for SRT performance in terms of both absolute WRpeak and relative WRpeak, thereby facilitating the interpretation of SRT results by clinicians and researchers.
‘We are the other, the other is us’
Authors: Echlin Kim , Kamboureli Smaro , McGregor Hannah 
Published: May 2013

abstract In this interview, Kim Echlin discusses Canadian writers’ interest in writing about other cultures, which requires research and an empathic imagination as well as the responsibility to people who cannot tell their own stories of trauma. She addresses primarily her process of writing The Disappeared, her novel about Cambodia, in which the central character tests the limits of empathy and witnessing.
Travel, Ethics, and Moral Distress inThe Prophet’s Camel Bell
Authors: Bailey Suzanne 
Published: May 2013

abstractThe ideological work of The Prophet’s Camel Bell as it is directed to Western readers highlights ethics as a concern and maps elements of an ethically informed response to questions of cultural difference. The memoir suggests that encounters with the foreign can become part of a reorientation toward other environments, which include people as well as natural and human-made affordances. This essay considers the foreign not as a static object or concept but as an embodied field in The Prophet’s Camel Bell, drawing on Tim Ingold’s environmentalist anthropology. Conceptualized in this way, ‘Somalia’ consists in a series of shifting environments rather than a singular, describable entity, paralleling Laurence’s own emergence within these spaces. At the same time, the text contains historically specific aesthetic strands that create political inconsistencies in the text that have puzzled Laurence’s critics. The essay argues for renewed critical attention to epistemological and ethical issues in a major work in the genre of Canadian travel writing.
Tissue localization during resective epilepsy surgery
Authors: Poliachik Sandra L. , Poliakov Andrew V. , Jansen Laura A. , McDaniel Sharon S. , Wray Carter D. , Kuratani John , Saneto Russell P. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. , Novotny Edward J. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Imaging-guided surgery (IGS) systems are widely used in neurosurgical practice. During epilepsy surgery, the authors routinely use IGS landmarks to localize intracranial electrodes and/or specific brain regions. The authors have developed a technique to coregister these landmarks with pre- and postoperative scans and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) standard space brain MRI to allow 1) localization and identification of tissue anatomy; and 2) identification of Brodmann areas (BAs) of the tissue resected during epilepsy surgery. Tracking tissue in this fashion allows for better correlation of patient outcome to clinical factors, functional neuroimaging findings, and pathological characteristics and molecular studies of resected tissue.

Methods
Tissue samples were collected in 21 patients. Coordinates from intraoperative tissue localization were downloaded from the IGS system and transformed into patient space, as defined by preoperative high-resolution T1-weighted MRI volume. Tissue landmarks in patient space were then transformed into MNI standard space for identification of the BAs of the tissue samples.

Results
Anatomical locations of resected tissue were identified from the intraoperative resection landmarks. The BAs were identified for 17 of the 21 patients. The remaining patients had abnormal brain anatomy that could not be meaningfully coregistered with the MNI standard brain without causing extensive distortion.

Conclusions
This coregistration and landmark tracking technique allows localization of tissue that is resected from patients with epilepsy and identification of the BAs for each resected region. The ability to perform tissue localization allows investigators to relate preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative functional and anatomical brain imaging to better understand patient outcomes, improve patient safety, and aid in research.
Disconnective surgery in posterior quadrantic epilepsy: experience in a consecutive series of 10 patients
Authors: Dorfer Christian , Czech Thomas , Mühlebner-Fahrngruber Angelika , Mert Aygül , Gröppel Gudrun , Novak Klaus , Dressler Anastasia , Reiter-Fink Edith , Traub-Weidinger Tatjana , Feucht Martha 
Published: May 2013

Object
Outcomes following functional hemispherotomy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy have been well described. However, studies reporting long-term longitudinal outcomes after subhemispheric disconnective epilepsy surgery are still limited.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 10 children who underwent temporoparietooccipital (TPO) disconnective surgery at the Vienna Pediatric Epilepsy Center.

Results
There were 3 males and 7 females (median age 8.7 years; range 4.2–22.1 years). The affected hemisphere was the left in 3 patients and the right in 7. The patients' median age at seizure onset was 3.0 years (range 0.2–8.3 years). The median duration of epilepsy before surgery was 5.2 years (range 1.3–17.2 years). The underlying pathology was TPO malformation of cortical development in 5 patients, and venous infarction, posterior hemispheric quadrant atrophy, Sturge-Weber syndrome, cortical involvement of a systemic lupus erythematosus, and gliosis after cerebral tumor treatment in 1 each. In 6 children, a pure TPO disconnection was performed; in 2 patients, the temporal lobe was resected and parietooccipital disconnection was performed. The 2 remaining patients had had previous epilepsy surgery that was extended to a TPO disconnection: disconnection of the occipital lobe (n = 1) and resection of the temporal lobe (n = 1). The authors encountered no complications while performing surgery. No patient needed blood replacement therapy. No patient developed CSF disturbances that warranted treatment. Nine of 10 patients are currently seizure free since surgery (Wieser Class 1a) at a median follow-up time of 2.1 years (range 4 months to 8.1 years).

Conclusions
Temporoparietooccipital disconnection is a safe and effective motor-sparing epilepsy surgery in selected cases. Technical adjuncts facilitate a better intraoperative visualization and orientation, thereby enabling a less invasive approach than previously suggested.
Time course of recovery following poor-grade SAH: the incidence of delayed improvement and implications for SAH outcome study design
Authors: Wilson David A. , Nakaji Peter , Albuquerque Felipe C. , McDougall Cameron G. , Zabramski Joseph M. , Spetzler Robert F. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Data regarding the time course of recovery after poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is lacking. Most SAH studies assess outcome at a single time point, often as early as 3 or 6 months following SAH. The authors hypothesized that recovery following poor-grade SAH is a dynamic process and that early outcomes may not always approximate long-term outcomes. To test this hypothesis, they analyzed long-term outcome data from a cohort of patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH to determine the incidence and predictors of early and delayed neurological improvement.

Methods
The authors reviewed outcome data from 88 poor-grade SAH patients enrolled in a prospective SAH treatment trial (the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial). They assessed modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge, 6 months, 12 months, and 36 months after treatment to determine the incidence and predictors of neurological improvement during each interval.

Results
The mean aggregate mRS scores at 6 months (3.31 ± 2.1), 12 months (3.28 ± 2.2), and 36 months (3.17 ± 2.3) improved significantly compared with the mean score at hospital discharge (4.33 ± 1.3, p < 0.001), but they did not differ significantly among themselves. Between discharge and 6 months, 61% of patients improved on the mRS. The incidence of improvement between 6–12 months and 12–36 months was 18% and 19%, respectively. Hunt and Hess Grade IV versus V (OR 6.20, 95% CI 2.11–18.25, p < 0.001) and the absence of large (> 4 cm) (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.55, p = 0.05) or eloquent (OR 5.17, 95% CI 1.89–14.10, p < 0.01) stroke were associated with improvement up to 6 months. Age ≤ 65 years (OR 5.56, 95% CI 1.17–26.42, p = 0.02), Hunt and Hess Grade IV versus V (OR 4.17, 95% CI 1.10–15.85, p = 0.03), and absence of a large (OR 8.97, 95% CI 2.65–30.40, p < 0.001) or eloquent (OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.46–14.08, p = 0.01) stroke were associated with improvement beyond 6 months. Improvement beyond 1 year was most strongly predicted by the absence of a large stroke (OR 7.62, 95% CI 1.55–37.30, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
A substantial minority of poor-grade SAH patients will experience delayed recovery beyond the point at which most studies assess outcome. Younger patients, those presenting in better clinical condition, and those without CT evidence of large or eloquent stroke demonstrated the highest capacity for delayed recovery.