bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical capsular release reduces flexion contracture in a rabbit model of arthrofibrosis
Authors: Barlow Jonathan D. , Hartzler Robert U. , Abdel Matthew P. , Morrey Mark E. , An Kai‐Nan , Steinmann Scott P. , Morrey Bernard F. , Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAnimal models of joint contracture may be used to elucidate the mechanisms of arthrofibrosis. Patients with joint contracture commonly undergo surgical capsular release. Previous animal models of joint contracture do not simulate this aspect of arthrofibrosis. We hypothesize that a surgical capsular release will decrease the severity of arthrofibrosis in this rabbit model. A capsular contracture was surgically created in 20 skeletally mature rabbits. Eight weeks later, ten rabbits underwent capsular release, which consisted of elevation of the posterior capsule through a lateral incision and manipulation under anesthesia. Ten rabbits had a sham incision, without release (control group). Immediately after release or sham surgery, extension loss (calculated by subtracting the knee extension angle (degrees) of the operative limb from the nonoperative, contralateral limb) was measured using fluoroscopy. All animals were sacrificed following 16 weeks of postoperative free cage activity. At sacrifice, joint contracture was measured using a custom, calibrated device. The histology of the posterior joint capsule was assessed at sacrifice. All animals survived both operations without complications. Immediately after surgical release or sham surgery, the average extension loss was 129.2 ± 10.7° in the control group versus 29.6 ± 8.2° in the capsular release group (p = 0.0002). Following 16 weeks of remobilization, the average extension loss of the control and capsular release animals were 49.0 ± 12.7° and 36.5 ± 14.2°, respectively (p = 0.035). There were no histological differences between the two groups. In this animal model, a surgical capsular release decreased the extension loss (flexion contracture) immediately after surgery, as well as following sixteen weeks of remobilization. There were no histological changes detected in the posterior joint capsule. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1529–1532, 2013
Opinions and practice patterns of obstetricians–gynecologists in the United States regarding amniocentesis in twins
Authors: Vink Joy , Anderson Britta , Fuchs Karin , Schulkin Jay , D'Alton Mary E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveAccurate amniocentesis‐related pregnancy loss (ARL) rates for twin gestations remains elusive because of varying ARL definitions in the literature. We examined how OB/GYNs define/counsel women carrying twins about ARL.MethodsA random sample of 1000 American College of OB/GYN (ACOG) fellows and ACOG Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (CARN) members were mailed surveys about their opinions/practice patterns regarding amniocentesis in twins. There were 208/400 (52%) CARN members and 166/600 (27%) ACOG fellows who returned the survey (37% response rate).ResultsOf respondents, 80.8% practiced general OB/GYN, and 9.1% practiced maternal fetal medicine. Of respondents, 72% discussed amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. Of these, 91.7% discuss the risk of ARL; however, 47.4% do not quote an ARL rate. Of those who discuss ARL rates, 65% quote a rate greater than for singletons. Regarding monochorionic–diamniotic twins, 12.1% of respondents said the ARL rate was less, 39.6% said equal to, and 38.9% said greater than for dichorionic twins. Table 1 lists the most common clinical definitions/time intervals used to describe ARL.ConclusionVarious definitions/ARL rates are used when counseling about ARL in twins. Further studies using a widely accepted definition of ARL are necessary to improve the counseling of women considering amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis in twins. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimized succinct data structures for massive data
Authors: Gog Simon , Petri Matthias 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYSuccinct data structures provide the same functionality as their corresponding traditional data structure in compact space. We improve on functions rank and select, which are the basic building blocks of FM‐indexes and other succinct data structures. First, we present a cache‐optimal, uncompressed bitvector representation that outperforms all existing approaches. Next, we improve, in both space and time, on a recent result by Navarro and Providel on compressed bitvectors. Last, we show techniques to perform rank and select on 64‐bit words that are up to three times faster than existing methods. In our experimental evaluation, we first show how our improvements affect cache and runtime performance of both operations on data sets larger than commonly used in the evaluation of succinct data structures. Our experiments show that our improvements to these basic operations significantly improve the runtime performance and compression effectiveness of FM‐indexes on small and large data sets. To our knowledge, our improvements result in FM‐indexes that are either smaller or faster than all current state of the art implementations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The trouble with men
Authors: Kirby Roger , Kirby Michael , Carson Culley , Fitzpatrick John M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMen die, on average, five years earlier than women. This difference in longevity has been described as the gender gap. For many years it was assumed that there must be some underlying genetic basis for this reduced life expectancy of males compared with females. Recently, however, it has been recognised that the problem lies in the fact that men lack awareness about their health and look after themselves very much less well than do females.
Long‐Term Results Using Old Liver Grafts for Transplantation: Sexagenerian Versus Liver Donors Older than 70 Years
Authors: Jiménez‐Romero Carlos , Clemares‐Lama Marta , Manrique‐Municio Alejandro , García‐Sesma Alvaro , Calvo‐Pulido Jorge , Moreno‐González Enrique 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe most practical measure to augment the available number of liver grafts and thus reduce waiting list mortality is to increase the donor age limit. We hypothesized that with careful selection of old liver donors without age limit it should be possible to obtain good patient and graft survival.MethodsThe present study comprises 351 adults who underwent liver transplantation. They were divided into three groups according to the age of the liver donors: group 1: 226 recipients of donors <60 years; group 2: 75 recipients of donors between 60 and 70 years; and group 3: 50 recipients of donors >70 years. A comparative study among the groups was performed.ResultsPatient survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were, respectively, 81.0, 76.1, and 71.1 % in group 1; 83.8, 74, and 72.2 % in group 2; and 76, 70.0, and 62.9 % in group 3 (P = NS). Graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was, respectively, 74.8, 69.0, and 64.1 % in group 1; 82.7, 71.4, and 69.6 % in group 2; and 71.4, 64.8, and 58.3 % in group 3 (P = NS). We analyzed the use of older grafts in recipients with HCV cirrhosis and did not find significant differences in patient and graft survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. In multivariate analysis increased donor body mass index and decreased recipient albumin were associated with lower patient and graft survival.ConclusionsBecause patient and graft survival rates are not affected by donor age, well‐selected older donor livers can be safely used if they show good function and preharvesting conditions.
Identification and functional characterization of two Δ12-fatty acid desaturases associated with essential linoleic acid biosynthesis inPhyscomitrella patens
Authors: Chodok Pichit , Eiamsa-ard Pradinunt , Cove David J , Quatrano Ralph S , Kaewsuwan Sireewan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo Δ12-desaturases associated with the primary steps of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis were successfully cloned from Physcomitrella patens and their functions identified. The open reading frames (ORFs) of PpFAD2-1 and PpFAD2-2 consisted of 1,128 bp and code for 375 amino acids. Their deduced polypeptides showed 62–64 % identity to microsomal Δ12-desaturases from other higher plants, and each contained the three histidine clusters typical of the catalytic domains of such enzymes. Yeast cells transformed with plasmid constructs containing PpFAD2-1 or PpFAD2-2 produced an appreciable amount of hexadecadienoic (16:2 Δ9,12) and linoleic acids (18:2 Δ9,12), not normally present in wild-type yeast cells, indicating that the genes encoded functional Δ12-desaturase enzymes. In addition, reduction of the growth temperature from 30 to 15 °C resulted in increased accumulation of unsaturated fatty acid products.
Use of an EZ-Tn5-based random mutagenesis system to create aZymomonas mobiliswith significant tolerance to heat stress and malnutrition
Authors: Jia Xianghui , Wei Na , Wang Tianyv , Wang Haoyong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractDuring ethanol production, the fermentation cells are always exposed to stresses like high temperature and low nutritional conditions, which affect their growth and productivity. Stress-tolerant strains with high ethanol yield are highly desirable. Therefore, a recombinant Zymomonas mobilis (Z. mobilis) designated as HYM was constructed by integrating three genes (yfdZ, metB, and Pfu-sHSP) into the genome of Z. mobilis CP4 (CP4) via Tn5 transposon in the present study. The yfdZ and metB genes from E. coli were used to decrease the nutritional requirement. The small heat shock protein gene (Pfu-sHSP) from Pyrococcus furiosus (P. furiosus) was used to increase the heat tolerance. The genomic integration of three genes confers on Z. mobilis the ability to grow in simple chemical defined medium without the addition of amino acid. The HYM not only demonstrated the high tolerance to unfavorable lower nutrition stresses but also the capability of converting glucose to ethanol with high yield at higher temperature. What is more, these genetic characteristics were stable up to 100 generations on nonselective medium. The effects of glucose concentration, fermentation temperature, and initial pH on ethanol production of the mutant strain HYM were optimized using a Box–Behnken design (BBD) experiment. The integration of three genes led to a significant increase in ethanol production by 9 % compared with its original Z. mobilis counterpart. The maximum ethanol production of HYM was as high as 105 g/l.
Adolescent Sexual Assault Disclosure: The Impact of Peers, Families, and Schools
Authors: Fehler-Cabral Giannina , Campbell Rebecca 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAdolescent sexual assault survivors are more likely to seek support from peers and families than to formal help systems, such as the medical and legal systems. In this study, we conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with N = 20 adolescent sexual assault survivors aged 14–17 who obtained services from Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner Programs to understand the pathways that led them to seek formal help. Our goal was to examine how survivors’ initial disclosures to peers, families, and schools facilitated adolescents’ access to formal help systems. Additionally, we explored how peer, family and school systems interact as mesosystems to effect subsequent disclosures. Results show that the peer and family microsystems were decisive in survivors’ willingness to enter formal systems. Disclosure became more complex when peer, family, and school personnel all became aware of the assault. When these mesosystem interactions occurred with survivors’ consent and produced a helpful response, they were perceived as positive. Alternatively, mesosystem interactions in which survivors had minimal control resulted in greater reluctance to enter formal systems. These conclusions highlight the need educating informal support providers about community services in order to make the disclosure process easier and beneficial for survivors’ recovery and well‐being.
Inadequate Housing Among Families Under Investigation for Child Abuse and Neglect: Prevalence from a National Probability Sample
Authors: Fowler Patrick J. , Henry David B. , Schoeny Michael , Landsverk John , Chavira Dina , Taylor Jeremy J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of inadequate housing that threaten out‐of‐home placement among families under investigation by child welfare. Data came from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well‐Being, a nationally representative longitudinal survey of child welfare‐involved families. Child protective services caseworkers as well as caregivers provided information on families whose child remained in the home after initial investigation (N = 3,867). Multilevel latent class analyses tested the presence of inadequately housed subgroups using 4 housing problem indicators at baseline. Logistic regressions assessed convergent and predictive validity. A two class latent solution best fit the data. Findings indicated that inadequate housing contributed to risk for out‐of‐home placement in approximately 16 % of intact families under investigation by child protective services. These families were 4 times more likely to need housing services 12 months later. Federal legislation emphasizes integration of social services as necessary to end homelessness. This study demonstrates overlap across public agencies. Enhanced coordination of child welfare and housing services facilitates interventions to prevent and mitigate homelessness.
Critical role of exosomes in sperm–egg fusion and virus‐induced cell–cell fusion
Authors: Harada Yuichirou , Yoshida Keiichi , Kawano Natsuko , Miyado Kenji 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn mammals, two integral membrane proteins, sperm IZUMO1 and egg CD9, regulate sperm–egg fusion, and their roles are critical, but yet unclear. Recent studies, however, indicate interesting connections between the sperm–egg fusion and virus‐induced cell–cell fusion. First, CD9‐containing exosome‐like vesicles, which are released from wild‐type eggs, can induce the fusion between sperm and CD9‐deficient egg, even though CD9‐deficient eggs are highly refractory to the fusion with sperm. This finding provides strong evidence for the involvement of CD9‐containing, fusion‐facilitating vesicles in the sperm–egg fusion. Secondly, there are similarities between the generation of retroviruses in the host cells and the formation of small cellular vesicles, termed exosomes, in mammalian cells. The exosomes are involved in intercellular communication through transfer of proteins and ribonucleic acids (RNAs) including mRNAs and microRNAs. These collective studies provide an insight into the molecular mechanism of membrane fusion events.
Successful radiofrequency catheter ablation assisted by the CartoSound® system for outflow tract origin nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in a patient with a severely deformed thorax
Authors: Onishi Naoaki , Kaitani Kazuaki , Amano Masashi , Hayama Yukiko , Nakajima Seiko , Hanazawa Koji , Tamaki Yodo , Miyake Makoto , Tamura Toshihiro , Kondo Hirokazu , Motooka Makoto , Izumi Chisato , Nakagawa Yoshihisa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe report the case of a 72‐year‐old man with a nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and a history of palpitations. He had a severely deformed thorax since childhood due to spinal caries. An integrated computed tomography image of the outflow tract region from the CartoSound® system revealed the detailed anatomical information around the origin of the tachycardia and that the left anterior descending coronary artery was very close (<10 mm) to the target site. We carefully ablated that site with a 3.5‐mm cooled‐tip catheter while confirming it in the sound view, and succeeded without any complications.
Hermitian periodicity and cohomology of infinite orthogonal groups
Authors: Berrick A. J. , Karoubi M. , Østvær P. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAs an application of our papers in hermitian K-theory, in favourable cases we prove the periodicity of hermitian K-groups with a shorter period than previously obtained. We also compute the homology and cohomology with field coeffcients of infinite orthogonal and symplectic groups of specific rings of integers in a number field.
Time-course and Severity of Acute Effects of Tobacco Abstinence in Smokers with Subclinical Depressive Symptoms or Alcohol Consumption
Authors: Peters Erica N. , Cooney Judith L. , Liss Thomas , Liss Amanda , Torello Rachel , Franco Christine , Cavallo Dana A. , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Krishnan-Sarin Suchitra 
Published: May 2013

Introduction: Smokers with depressive and alcohol use disorders report more severe tobacco abstinence effects (e.g., tobacco withdrawal and craving, mood and sleep disturbance), but less is known about abstinence effects among smokers with subclinical features of these disorders.Aims: The time-course and severity of acute abstinence effects were evaluated in smokers with and without subclinical depressive symptoms (DEP) and with and without subclinical alcohol consumption (ALC). Methods: Participants (N = 106) received smoking cessation counselling and were contingently compensated for biochemically-verified smoking abstinence. Abstinence effects were assessed pre-quit and daily for eight days post-quit.Results/Findings: Seventy-four participants (70%) achieved eight-day continuous smoking abstinence. Generalised estimating equations revealed that time and DEP group significantly interacted to predict change in Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale (WSWS) Anxiety (Wald = 21.18, p < .01) and Questionnaire of Smoking Urges Relief from Negative Affect (Wald = 20.12, p < .01) subscale scores. Time and ALC group significantly interacted to predict change in Profile of Mood States (POMS) Fatigue subscale score (Wald = 19.78, p < .01). Compared to non-DEP smokers, DEP smokers reported higher mean post-quit scores on several measures of abstinence effects, including WSWS Sadness and POMS Total; however, pre-quit differences between DEP groups may have confounded post-quit differences.Conclusions: Smokers with subclinical depressive symptoms endorsed high levels of abstinence effects, but it was unclear if these were related to the absence of tobacco. Smokers with subclinical alcohol consumption did not endorse high levels of abstinence effects but abstinence-related fatigue took longer to improve.
Restricting night-time eating reduces daily energy intake in healthy young men: a short-term cross-over study
Authors: LeCheminant James D. , Christenson Ed , Bailey Bruce W. , Tucker Larry A. 
Published: May 2013

Few experimental data are available to support the notion that reducing night-time eating changes total daily energy intake (EI) or body weight in healthy adults. The present study primarily examined the short-term effect of night eating restriction (NER) on daily EI in healthy young men. It secondarily examined body weight and moods associated with NER. Using a cross-over design, twenty-nine men (20·9 (sd 2·5) years; 24·4 (sd 2·5) kg/m2) initiated a 2-week NER intervention (elimination of EI from 19.00 to 06.00 hours) and a 2-week control condition, counterbalanced and separated by a 1-week washout period. EI and macronutrient intake were assessed using computerised, multiple-pass 24 h food recalls, body weight via a digital scale and mood using the Profile of Mood States survey. Of the twenty-nine participants, twenty-seven (93 %) completed all aspects of the study. During the NER condition, the participants consumed less total energy per d than during the control condition (10 125 v. 11 146 kJ/d; F= 6·41; P= 0·018). During the NER condition, no energy was reported consumed between 19.00 and 06.00 hours; however, during the control condition, the energy intake of participants was 2920 (sd 1347) kJ/d between 19.00 and 06.00 hours. There was a significant difference in weight change between the NER ( − 0·4 (sd 1·1) kg) and control (+0·6 (sd 0·9) kg) conditions (F= 22·68; P< 0·001). Differences in total mood score or mood subscales between the NER and control conditions were not apparent (P>0·05). These findings provide support for NER decreasing short-term EI in healthy young men.
Serum silicon concentrations in pregnant women and newborn babies
Authors: Jugdaohsingh Ravin , Anderson Simon H. C. , Lakasing Lorin , Sripanyakorn Supannee , Ratcliffe Sarah , Powell Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2013

Earlier studies in animals have suggested an essential role for Si in connective tissues, but such works have not been replicated per se. Nonetheless, a study conducted in 2000 has reported that Si may be essential during pregnancy for the growing fetus, since serum Si concentrations in infants were approximately 300 % higher than those in older children and adults and serum Si concentrations in pregnant women were approximately 300 % lower than those in age-matched non-pregnant controls. To reproduce these potentially important findings, in the present study, serum Si concentrations were measured in fourteen pregnant women (15–24 weeks of gestation) and compared with those of seventeen non-pregnant, non-lactating female controls. Serum Si concentrations were also measured in fourteen full-term mothers at the time of delivery and in the umbilical cord (UC) vein and artery where possible. Fasting serum Si concentrations in pregnant women were not significantly different from those of the female controls and showed little change with advancing gestation (r 0·2). Mean serum Si concentrations in the UC vein samples were 52 % higher, while those in the UC artery samples were 235 % higher than those in the maternal forearm vein samples, although data were widely spread and differences were not significant. Mean maternal forearm vein Si concentrations at delivery were 50 % lower than those of pregnant women and female controls, but, again, these were not significant. Overall, we note that there are significant analytical challenges in comparing baseline Si levels between different groups; notwithstanding, our findings cannot confirm a reduction in fasting serum Si levels during pregnancy, but, equally, we cannot rule out higher serum Si levels in newborns than in their mothers, and further work is required.
Resolving multiple host use of an emergent pest of cotton with microsatellite data and chloroplast markers (Creontiades dilutusStål; Hemiptera, Miridae)
Authors: Hereward James P. , DeBarro Paul J. , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFollowing the global uptake of transgenic cotton several Hemipteran pests have emerged as primary targets for pesticide control. Previous research on one such emergent pest: the green mirid,Creontiades dilutus, indicated differential use of two crop hosts, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Malvaceae) and lucerne (alfalfa) (Medicago sativa, Fabaceae). We tested the hypothesis that this apparent demographic independence of lucerne and cotton inhabiting mirids is the result of cryptic species being associated with these two crops. We assessed gene flow using microsatellite markers across adjacent cotton and lucerne crops at three geographically separated sites (up to 900 km apart). We also analysed the recent feeding behaviour of these insects by amplifying chloroplast markers from their gut contents. We find high gene flow between these two crops (mean pair wiseFSTbetween host plants=0.0141 within localities), and no evidence of cryptic species. Furthermore, the gut analyses revealed evidence of substantial recent movement between these two crops. We discuss the implications of these results for interpreting multiple host use in this species and setting future research priorities for this economically important pest.