bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging in Musculoskeletal TB
Authors: Spalkit Stanzin , Goyal Ankur , Gamanagatti Shivanand , Kandasamy Devasenathipathy , Sharma Raju 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with musculoskeletal TB accounting for a notable proportion of cases. The spine is the most commonly affected site, followed by the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent joint destruction, deformity, and neurological complications. Given the paucibacillary nature of musculoskeletal TB, imaging plays a pivotal role in diagnosis, guiding sampling procedures, and assessing treatment response. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as the preferred modality for diagnosing and monitoring both spinal and extraspinal TB. This review provides an in-depth analysis of imaging characteristics of musculoskeletal TB, highlighting key findings essential for early diagnosis and differentiation from similar pathologies. Through case-based illustrations, various anatomical locations of osteoarticular TB are discussed.
Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: A Concise Review of the Recent Literature
Authors: Abouglila Kamal , Mukhtar Syed Fahim , Hajjaji Issam M. , Sheikh Shehla , Beshyah Salem A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Hypothyroidism (HypoT) is a common condition whose prevalence varies according to regional and ethnic factors, dietary iodine, gender, and age. The symptoms of HypoT are generally nonspecific, with considerable overlap with other conditions. These symptoms are not useful for diagnosing HypoT, and a thyroid function test is required for a final diagnosis.
Materials and methods We aimed to provide an overview of the recent global literature on HypoT in older adults. A narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from a single major medical online database (PubMed) for the past 5 years was performed. The relevant literature was narrated in a concise thematic account.
Results Most studies and expert opinions reiterated the benefit of replacement therapy in younger and middle-aged individuals. A good volume of literature also considered the interplay between thyroid hormones and (1) cardiovascular function and risk factors, (2) cognitive function, (3) mental health, and (4) quality of life. Most workers are cognizant of the important difference in normal ranges of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the consequent TSH targets in older adults compared to younger age groups. Extra care is recommended for the initiation and titration of thyroid hormone replacement therapy to avoid cardiovascular and skeletal adverse effects of relative overtreatment.
Conclusion While clinical benefit is evident in patients under age 65 with overt and subclinical HypoT who are treated with levothyroxine, treatment may be harmful in older adults with subclinical HypoT. The 97th percentile of TSH distribution is 7.5 mIU/L for patients over age 80. Hence, TSH goals should be individualized in older adults to achieve any possible benefit and avoid unnecessary harm.
A New Era in Perforator Flap Surgery for Breast Reconstruction: A Comparative Study of Robotic versus Standard Harvest of Bilateral Deep Inferior Epigastric Artery Perforator Flaps
Authors: Moreira Andrea , Bailey Elizabeth A. , Chen Brian , Nelson William , Li Jenna , Fortunato Richard , Nosik Stanislav , Murariu Daniel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Traditional deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap harvest splits the anterior sheath, weakening the abdominal wall and predisposing patients to bulge or hernia. Abdominal wall morbidity may be decreased using minimally invasive techniques. We refined a transabdominal approach to the robotic harvest of bilateral DIEP flaps.
Methods A retrospective medical record study involving all patients who underwent bilateral or bipedicled robotic DIEP (rDIEP) or standard DIEP (sDIEP) flap harvest between July 2021 and September 2022. Outcomes included abdominal wall morbidity, total operative time, length of stay (LOS), and complications.
Results Forty-seven patients were included (48 sDIEP flaps, 46 rDIEP flaps) with no significant difference in patient characteristics. Fascial incision length in the rDIEP group was shorter (4.1 vs. 11.7 cm, p < 0.001). Mesh reinforcement of the abdominal wall was used in 13/24 sDIEP and none in rDIEP patients (p < 0.001). Operative time was longer in the rDIEP cohort (739 vs. 630 minutes, p = 0.013), although subanalysis showed no difference in the second half of the cohort. The average robotic dissection time was 135 minutes, which decreased significantly with the surgeon's experience. There were no intraoperative complications from using the robot. LOS was shorter with rDIEP but not statistically significant (3.9 vs. 4.3 days, p = 0.157).
Conclusion This study represents the most extensive cohort analysis of bilateral rDIEP flap harvest, offering a comprehensive comparison to traditional sDIEP. The initial results underscore the viability of robotic techniques for flap harvesting, highlighting potential advantages including reduced fascial incision length and decreased abdominal disruption. Furthermore, using robotics may obviate the necessity for fascial reinforcement with mesh.
Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor—A Challenge to Manage due to Its Rare Existence: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Nandan Neetha , Shetty Vijith , Chaturvedi Roopali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT) is the rarest type of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It has variable presentations and is an aggressive tumor. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to establish an appropriate diagnosis, management, and follow-up. A woman of age 45 years postmenopausal status with an antecedent term pregnancy 13 years back was diagnosed to have ETT in the hysterectomy specimen. She had come with urinary retention as the tumor was infiltrating the bladder. Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels were normal. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis. Though metastatic workup was normal, adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy was given as the bladder flap margin was not free of tumor cells and antecedent pregnancy was > 4 years. Every new case of ETT needs to be reported to bring about more awareness of the unusual presentations, and it may help come to a consensus for appropriate management.
Altered Mental Status in Cancer
Authors: Rhee John Y. , Nakhate Vihang , Soares Christy , Tentor Zachary , Dietrich Jorg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatients with cancer experience high rates of alterations in mental status. The mechanisms for altered mental status (AMS) in this population are manifold. The cancer itself may cause AMS through direct invasion of the central nervous system or as metastatic leptomeningeal spread. However, cancer patients are also vulnerable to tumor-associated complications such as seizures, cerebral edema, strokes, or cancer treatment-related complications such as infections, direct neural injury from radiation or chemotherapy, edema, or dysregulated autoimmune response from immunotherapies. Both during treatment and as sequelae, patients may suffer neurocognitive complications from chemotherapy and radiation, medications or opportunistic infections, as well as toxic–metabolic, nutritional, and endocrine complications. In this review, we describe a clinical approach to the cancer patient presenting with AMS and discuss the differential drivers of AMS in this patient population. While common etiologies of AMS in noncancer patients (toxic–metabolic or infectious encephalopathy, delirium) are also applicable to cancer patients, we additionally provide a cancer-specific differential diagnosis that warrants special consideration in the cancer patient with AMS.
Altered Mental Status at the Extreme: Behavioral Evaluation of Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Dhadwal Neha , Cunningham Kyle , Pino William , Hampton Stephen , Fischer David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisorders of consciousness represent altered mental status at its most severe, comprising a continuum between coma, the vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, the minimally conscious state, and emergence from the minimally conscious state. Patients often transition between these levels throughout their recovery, and determining a patient's current level can be challenging, particularly in the acute care setting. Although healthcare providers have classically relied on a bedside neurological exam or the Glasgow Coma Scale to aid with assessment of consciousness, studies have identified multiple limitations of doing so. Neurobehavioral assessment measures, such as the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised, have been developed to address these shortcomings. Each behavioral metric has strengths as well as weaknesses when applied in the acute care setting. In this review, we appraise common assessment approaches, outline alternative measures for fine-tuning these assessments in the acute care setting, and highlight strategies for implementing these practices in an interdisciplinary manner.
Development of a measuring technique based on JET second D-T campaign (DTE2) experience for assessing fusion power at ITER during D-T operation using the radial gamma-ray spectrometer
Authors: Marcer G. , Scioscioli F. , Croci G. , Dal Molin A. , Gorini G. , Muraro A. , Nocente M. , Perelli Cippo E. , Rebai M. , Rigamonti D. , Coriton B. , Kovalev A. , Polevoi A. , Khilkevitch E. , Shevelev A. , Bracco A. , Camera F. , Cazzaniga C. , Tardocchi M. 
Published: August 2024

The ITER Radial Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (RGRS) consists of three gamma-ray detectors observing the plasma through three collimated, coplanar, radial lines of sight (LoS). The system was initially designed to monitor the runaway electron emission and the alpha-particle density profile [Nocente et al., Nucl. Fusion 57, 076016 (2017)]. This work presents a novel technique for measuring the fusion power during D-T operation using the RGRS. This method is based on the absolute measurement of the 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays and a semi-analytical computation of their transport from the plasma source to the detectors. This approach was initially developed and tested at JET during the second D-T campaign (DTE2) on a single LoS diagnostic [Dal Molin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. (submitted) (2024); Rebai et al., Phys. Rev. C (submitted) (2024); and Marcer et al., Nucl. Fusion (unpublished) (2024)]. This work exploits the multiple LoS of the RGRS to create a combined virtual diagnostic whose detected fraction of the total plasma emission is less affected by variations in the plasma emission profile, reducing systematic uncertainties on the estimated total emission, compared to the individual detectors.
Design and characterization of the time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) for the NIF iron opacity campaign
Authors: Opachich Y. P. , Golick B. , Buscho J. G. , Carpenter A. C. , Funsten B. T. , Garafalo A. M. , Heinmiller J. , Dutra E. C. , Knight R. , Max D. , Mayes D. C. , Morioka S. B. , Moy K. J. , Nyholm P. R. , Peterson A. E. , Petre R. B. , Posadas R. S. , Sharp A. M. , Tran V. , Trent S. D. , Wallace M. S. , Winget D. E. , Perry T. S. , Urbatsch T. J. , Heeter R. F. 
Published: August 2024

A new time-resolved opacity spectrometer (OpSpecTR) is currently under development for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) opacity campaign. The spectrometer utilizes Icarus version 2 (IV2) hybridized complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor sensors to collect gated data at the time of the opacity transmission signal, unlocking the ability to collect higher-temperature measurements on NIF. Experimental conditions to achieve higher temperatures are feasible; however, backgrounds will dominate the data collected by the current time-integrating opacity spectrometer. The shortest available OpSpecTR integration time of ∼2 ns is predicted to reduce self-emission and other late-time backgrounds by up to 80%. Initially, three Icarus sensors will be used to collect data in the self-emission, backlighter, and absorption regions of the transmission spectrum, with plans to upgrade to five Daedalus sensors in future implementations with integration times of ∼1.3 ns. We present the details of the diagnostic design along with recent characterization results of the IV2 sensors.
The phenology of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh, 1832) and Eucalyptus coolabah (Blakely & Jacobs, 1934) in the northern Murray–Darling Basin and implications for recruitment on floodplains
Authors: Kerr Janice , Harding Douglas , Fawcett James , Prior Andrea 
Published: August 2024

Context Published evidence suggests recruitment of floodplain trees is declining in the northern Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) and that this is linked to river flow. Aims We investigated the reproductive phenology of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus coolabah to better understand tree reproductive cycles and the influence of rainfall and flow on seed production. Methods We surveyed phenological events (bud, flower and fruit production) over 6 years, at nine sites along the Condamine–Balonne River and examined correlations between these events and meteorological parameters. Key results For both species, event timing was consistent across sites and years and event relative abundance scores were different between years. Bud abundance was correlated with rainfall, flooding and warming temperatures and E. coolabah produced additional bud crops after floods. Conclusions The timing of events did not differ significantly from published results for the southern MDB. Rainfall, river flows and flooding in spring resulted in more abundant bud crops in E. camaldulensis and E. coolabah, and subsequently more abundant fruit crops. Fruit dehiscence coincided with summer–autumn flooding, which provides seed for germination. Genetic and physiological factors may also influence the observed pattern. Implications These results will inform water planning in Queensland, Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder watering actions and long-term watering plans in the northern MDB.
Bergen?
Authors: Mohr Susanne 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Semiotic landscapes have been documented widely. However, many analyses focus on visible cues and production, and do not investigate soundscapes and the perception of both visual and auditory signs. The present study aims at filling this research gap. It presents an ethnographic investigation of the semiotic landscape of arrival in Bergen, Norway. The focus is on the welcome sign outside the airport and the soundscape of the city-bound tram. Data stem from a questionnaire distributed to international and domestic travelers, and an auto-ethnographic account by the author. The analysis shows that a distinct welcome to Bergen, presented as a unique destination, is created in a multisensory way. This welcome is mostly performative, as is often the case in tourism, but creates a very distinct and memorable sense of place for travelers. Altogether, the study emphasizes the importance of multiple means of meaning making in semiotic landscapes.
Experimental study on rotational energy transfer in LiH (X1

∑
+

v) + Ar collisions
Authors: Yu Zilei , Zhao Xiaofang , Wang Shuying , Qin Chu , Shen Yifan , Dai Kang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using high-resolution transient laser spectroscopy, the rotational energy transfer between LiH (12, 8) and Ar through collisions was studied. LiH (12, 8) was generated via degenerate stimulated hyper-Raman scattering. The population of LiH (12, J″ ≠ 8) generated during collisions were obtained using transient laser-induced fluorescence. According to the rate equation, the rate coefficients for the transfer from (12, 8) to (12, J″) states are between 7.1 × 10−12 and 3.5 × 10−13 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 within 2 μs of the collision occurring. Above 2 μs, the rate coefficient is no longer constant. Meanwhile, no vibrational relaxation occurs before 10 μs. The rotational energy E
rot is the sum of the rotational energies of rotational states (12, J″). Within the period of 0–10 μs, the value of E
rot decreases from 541 cm−1 to 390 cm−1. The distribution of translational energy E
trans at different delay time of LiH (12, 8) is obtained by measuring the Doppler broadened line widths. It increases from 707 cm−1 at 0 μs to 852 cm−1 at 10 μs. Therefore, when rotational relaxation occurs, the decrease in rotational energy is approximately equal to the increase in translational energy.
Fault diagnosis of hydroelectric units based on GASF and parallel CNN-GRU-MSA
Authors: Li Xiang , Zeng Yun , Qian Jing , Guo Yakun , Zhao XiaoJia , Wang Yang , Zhao Xiangkuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diagnosing the vibration signals of hydropower units is crucial for safe and stable operation. This paper proposes a fault diagnosis method for hydropower units based on Gramian Angular Summation Fields (GASF) and parallel convolutional neural networks-gated recurrent unit-multi-headed self-attention (CNN-GRU-MSA). The original data forms a double branch, and the first branch selects the original timing signal for feature extraction using GRU. The second branch converts the timing signal into a 2D image using GASF for feature extraction using CNN, and the merged signal is enhanced with MSA for feature values. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the method reaches 97.2%. In order to explore the generalization and practicability of the proposed model, the public dataset of Jiangnan University is introduced for re-analysis. The diagnostic result of 600 rpm is 98.5%, and the diagnostic result of 800 rpm and 1000 rpm is 100%, significantly better than the other comparative models. This study can be valuable to the hydropower unit’s fault diagnosis methods.
Camera LiDAR calibration: an automatic and accurate method with novel PLE metrics
Authors: Cheng Xinjun , Wang Xiaojia , Zhang Ruiliang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Camera-Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) calibration is a crucial aspect of perception systems and sensor fusion in various fields, facilitating the fusion of data from cameras and LiDAR sensors for applications such as autonomous vehicles, robotics, and augmented reality. In this paper, we presented a novel multi-modal fusion method that introduces an efficient camera-LiDAR joint calibration technique using a simple checkerboard. Our method estimates the 3D rigid transformation of the camera system with respect to the LiDAR frame by establishing 2D-to-3D point correspondences for geometric calibration. We improved the idea of the traditional Perspective-N-Point algorithm by employing point cloud segmentation and clustering to re-match the checkerboard. When compared with the calibration methods in the Autoware and MATLAB calibration toolbox, the reprojection error was improved by 38.13% and 58.30% respectively. The average translation error was improved by 78.26% and 51.61% respectively, while the average rotation error is improved by 75% and 60.78% respectively, which has a great improvement in all three areas. At the same time, we propose a new evaluation metric for joint calibration results based on reprojected images: pixel-level evaluation index to reflect the accuracy of the joint calibration of the camera and LiDAR. An automatic calibration software has been developed for the calibration of the camera’s intrinsic parameters as well as for the joint calibration of the camera-LIDAR extrinsic parameters. We have extensively validated our algorithm using the Intel RealSense Depth D435 Camera and LeiShen C16-151B LiDAR.
Period enhanced feature mode decomposition and its application for bearing weak fault feature extraction
Authors: Zuo Jinyan , Lin Jing , Miao Yonghao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Decomposition methods which can separate the fault components into different modes have been widely applied in bearing fault diagnosis. However, early fault diagnosis is always a challenge for the signal processing methods as well as the traditional decomposition methods due to the heavy noise. Therefore, how to extract the weak fault information from the complicated signal with low SNR is of significance. To overcome this issue, a period-enhanced feature mode decomposition (PEFMD) method is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the initialized filters used for the mode decomposition are adaptively designed according to the spectrum of the original vibration signal. Secondly, time synchronized averaging is used in the iterative process to excavate and identify accurately the weak period components and determine the period of the iterative signal. Finally, the period information can promote the proposed method to decompose the fault component into the hopeful modes by setting correlation kurtosis as the optimation objective and the mode selection. Relative to FMD, the proposed PEFMD achieves further improvement in extracting weak fault information. The practicability and superiority of the proposed PEFMD are verified by the simulated and experimented data. Compared with the feature mode decomposition method and variational mode decomposition, the proposed decomposition method shows an obvious performance advantage under low SNR situations.
Structural, magnetic, and luminescent properties of NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 nanocomposites
Authors: Aguilar-Moreno Guadalupe Stefanny , Navarro-Cerón Elizabeth , Ascencio-Aguirre Francisco Miguel , Espinosa-Solares Teodoro , Aguilar-Méndez Miguel Ángel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The diverse applications of nanomaterials, and their rapidly increasing demand, have spurred the development of novel multifunctional materials. As such, this study aimed to synthesize and characterize a magneto-luminescent nanocomposite, composed of magnetite and fluorescent quantum dots (NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4). Nanomaterial synthesis was accomplished through solvothermal and co-precipitation methods. Stable nanoparticles (NPs) with a zeta potential of −19.57 ± 0.42 mV, and a size of 4.55 ± 1.44 nm were obtained. The crystalline structure of the NPs, verified via x-ray diffraction, affirmed the hexagonal pattern of the NaGdF4:Nd3+ NPs and the inverse spinel pattern of Fe3O4 NPs. In the diffraction pattern of the NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 NPs, only the phase pertaining to the Fe3O4 NPs was identified, indicating their influence on the nanocomposite. Magnetic measurements revealed the superparamagnetic behavior of the material. Photoluminescence spectra of NaGdF4:Nd3+ and NaGdF4:Nd3+@Fe3O4 NPs verified the luminescent emission around 1060 nm; a feature of the radiative transitions of Nd3+ ions. Based on the assessed characteristics, the nanocomposite’s multifunctionality was confirmed, positioning the material for potential use in various fields, such as biomedicine.