bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Need for Continuum of Care in Control of Hypertension in Primary Health-care Setting
Authors: Joshua Immanuel , Jayaraj Vinothini , Nikitha Pedapanga , Singh Siddharth , Chakravarty Jaya , Kansal Sangeeta 
Published: July 2024

Summary
The hypertension care continuum is a public health model that outlines the steps or stages that people with hypertension go through from diagnosis to achieving and maintaining blood pressure (BP) under control through care and treatment. Despite diagnosis being straightforward and treatments widely available and relatively inexpensive, there are significant gaps in delivery at the level of awareness, treatment, adherence, and control of hypertension. This article reviews the correlates of client acquisition and retention at the primary care level for hypertension management along the continuum of care context of the public health system in India. The PubMed database was searched to identify relevant literature using appropriate search terms. The search was restricted to original articles published in English language between January 2012 and December 2022 on data collected from India only. Considering the heterogeneity in the available literature, this article will be a scoping review. The hypertension status awareness rate among all hypertensives ranged from 12% to 65%. The proportion of hypertensives being currently treated ranged from 4% to 62%, and the proportion of hypertensives with controlled BP was between 1% and 57%. Large proportions of hypertensives are lost at each step of the hypertension care continuum. The greatest loss in the cascade was seen at the level of hypertension status awareness. Women had better rates across the care continuum when compared to men. Strategies must be strengthened to improve outcomes across the hypertension care continuum. Strengthening and reorienting health systems to provide people-centered health care should now be on the health agenda.
Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a tertiary care hospital of Kashmir
Authors: Malik Murtaza Ali , Rouf Abdul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTION:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, or both, often emerging before the age of 12 years. With a global impact on approximately 136 million children and adolescents, ADHD’s prevalence ranges from 5% to 6%. Despite its higher occurrence in males, ADHD can persist into adulthood, posing risks of substance misuse and vocational difficulties.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study investigates the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of children aged 6–16 years diagnosed with ADHD in Kashmir. Using a cross-sectional analytic design, data were collected from 208 participants attending the Child Guidance and Wellbeing Center at the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Kashmir.RESULTS:The gender distribution highlights male predominance (69.2%), which aligns with established models. ADHD prevalence decreases with age, consistent with symptom reduction trends. Socio-economic analysis reveals a prevalence in the lower middle and upper lower classes, suggesting financial difficulties as a predictor of ADHD. The combined subtype of ADHD is the most prevalent (71.2%).CONCLUSION:These findings emphasize the need for tailored interventions and approaches to address ADHD’s diverse presentations in children and adolescents. Although the study acknowledges limitations such as sample size and cross-sectional design, it contributes novel insights into ADHD’s manifestation and underscores the importance of addressing unique characteristics associated with each subtype and age group. Such efforts can optimize ADHD management and outcomes for affected individuals.
A Wound-Healing Effect of Nanoemulgel of Kangkung (Ipomoea Reptans, Poir) Leaf Extract in STZ Diabetic Rats
Authors: Hayati Farida , Ramadani Arba P. , Putri Cynthia A. , Chabib Lutfi , Putri Farah U. , Nugroho Agung E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
The chronic diabetes mellitus (DM) condition may lead to diabetic wounds that increase morbidity in patients. Ipomoea reptans Poir leaves have been widely reported to possess anti-diabetic activity due to their flavonoid contents. To enhance drug penetration, a nanoemulgel preparation was formulated.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the activity of nanoemulgel preparations of Ipomoea reptans Poir leaf extract on diabetic and non-diabetic wound-healing using male Wistar rats.

Settings and Design:
This research was an experimental study with a post-test only control group design.

Materials and Methods:
The rats (n = 32) were randomly divided into two groups: diabetic (induced by 40 mg/kg BW STZ) and non-diabetic model. Each model consisted of four groups: normal, positive control, I. reptans leaf extract (IRLE), and nanoemulgel of I. reptans leaf extract (NIRLE). All the animals studied were shaved from the back, and a 2.5 × 0.5 cm full-thickness excision wound was made. IRLE and NIRLE were administered daily and observed for the wound-healing process.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The one-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post-hoc test was used for the statistical analysis.

Results:
A NIRLE formulation has been developed to produce a preparation that meets the physical requirements. IRLE and NIRLE possessed wound-healing activity in normal and diabetic rat models. However, the wound-healing process in diabetic rats treated with NIRLE was faster than those with IRLE.

Conclusions:
NIRLE increased the activity of wound-healing effect of I. reptans leaves on diabetic rats in comparison with the extract form.
Prevalence of Sleep Disturbance Potential–Associated Factors among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ghosn Sherihan A. , Ali Mohammad D. , Banu Nuzhat , Patel Munfis , Aslam Nousheen , Babker Huda , Albahrani Fatimah H. , Al Ibrahim Zynab , Alomran Anfal , Ul Hai Areej N. , Almoroba Nora B. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackground:Many studies across the globe have observed the significant effect of sleep disturbance on the academic achievement of medical students. Objective: This research was conducted to define the prevalence of sleep disturbance and to discover the consequences and management of this condition among undergraduate pharmacy students of Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences (MACHS).Methods:We conducted a questionnaire-based online survey among different levels of MACHS pharmacy students.Results:A total of 165 students participated in the study, of whom 132 (80%) were females and 33 (20%) were males. Most of the participants, 142 (86.06%), were staying with their parents, whereas few of them were staying alone (23; 13.94%). While a handful of them, 29 (17.58%), did not have their bedrooms, most of them had their bedrooms (136; 82.42%). When asked about drinking caffeine-rich products in the afternoon or at night, most of them responded “sometimes” (78; 47.27%), followed by the category “always” (61; 36.97%), “rarely” (15; 9.09%), and then the category of students who responded “not at all” (11; 6.67%). Overall, 35 (21.21%) of the study participants had a smoking habit, 72 (43.63%) tried to treat their sleep disturbance, whereas 42 (25.45%) were getting treatment for insomnia.Conclusion:Most pharmacy students at MACH College, especially females, have sleep problems. Mostly, the prevalence is common during exam periods, and it mildly affects their grade point average.
Dispensing Errors and Self-medication Practices—Pharmacists’ Experience in Tabuk: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Alanazi Ibtisam Hamoud , Alanazi Sabah Dhaifallah , Alanazwi Shouq Lafui , Alshehri Sara Hassan , Prabahar Kousalya 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Community pharmacists are engaged in various professional activities starting from drug dispensing to promoting the well-being of patients. They dispense medications as stated in the prescription and are also licensed to prescribe over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Self-medication is widely practiced in various countries, which may lead to irrational drug use. The objectives of this study were to identify the factors associated with dispensing errors, to find ways to minimize dispensing errors, to identify patients’ reasons for self-medication, and to find the drugs commonly utilized by patients as OTC medications and the sources of their drug information.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 286 registered community pharmacists all over Tabuk was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
Physician’s unclear handwriting in the prescription was the major factor for dispensing error (2.6 out of 3) and writing the prescription clearly by the physician or using a printed form of prescription was an important factor in minimizing dispensing errors (2.91 out of 3). Previous similar complaints in the past were the main reason for self-medication (2.45 out of 3) with analgesics and antipyretics being the commonly dispensed drug groups dispensed as OTC medications (2.95 out of 3).

Conclusion:
Self-medication practices and dispensing errors are widespread in Tabuk. Antibiotics were dispensed as OTC medication, which may lead to more chance of irrational drug use. Writing the prescription clearly and legibly would reduce dispensing errors. It is the community pharmacists’ responsibility to increase awareness regarding the appropriate use of drugs to the public.
Association of mammographic and sonographic findings with prognostic molecular factors and hormone receptor expression in malignant breast lesions
Authors: Bahrami Mahshid , Karami Fatemeh , Hekmatnia Ali , Soltani Sepideh , Fadavi Pedram , Hekmatnia Farzaneh , Zarei Andrew Parviz , Nazari Hengameh 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The aim of this study was to determine whether mammographic and sonographic features of malignant breast lesions are correlated with tumor histologic grade, hormonal receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 status.

Materials and Methods:
In this retrospective study, imaging and histopathological findings of 187 biopsy-proven breast cancer cases from November 2019 to February 2021 were reviewed. The Chi-square test was used to examine the potential correlation between mammographic and sonographic characteristics with histopathological features such as hormonal receptor, HER2 status, Ki-67 labeling index, and histological grade.

Results:
We observed that microlobulated margin as well as oval/round morphology in mammograms correlate with triple-negative intrinsic subtype (P = 0.006 and P = 0.004). The presence of calcification in sonography was significantly higher in the luminal-B subtype (P = 0.002). Furthermore, ill-defined margins in mammography were significantly higher in amplified HER2 expression (P = 0.004) in the same manner as an oval/round shape in higher levels of Ki-67 (P = 0.030).

Conclusion:
Mammography and sonography features may reflect the biological behavior of various subtypes of breast cancer and can detect more aggressive breast cancers that can mimic benign or less malignant appearing lesions. These findings may be an excellent predictor for some subtypes like triple-negative breast cancer. Studying the range of these imaging characteristics may help in better understanding the prognosis, choosing a treatment strategy, and predicting response to treatment.
Combination treatment with interferon-γ may be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of cytotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Nie Da-Qing , Yan Gui-Xiu , Wang Zheng-Yi , Yan Xue , Yu Gui-Mei , Gao Jin-Liang , Liu Di , Li Hong-Bo 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a promising therapeutic strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the current clinical results are varied. This study is to analyze the therapeutic effect of cell-based strategies on RA.

Materials and Methods:
The searches were performed with public databases from inception to June 17, 2021. Randomized controlled trials researching cell-based therapies in RA patients were included.

Results:
Eight studies, including 480 patients, were included in the analysis. The results showed that compared to the control, MSC treatment significantly reduced the disease activity score (DAS) at the second standardized mean difference (SMD): −0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.25, −0.15; P = 0.01) and 3rd month (SMD: −1.47; 95% CI: −2.77, −0.18; P < 0.01) and significantly reduced the rheumatoid factor (RF) level at the first (SMD: −0.38; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.05; P = 0.03) and 6th months (SMD: −0.81; 95% CI: −1.32, −0.31; P < 0.01). In the network meta-analysis, MSCs combined with interferon-γ (MSC_IFN) had a significant effect on increasing the American college of rheumatology criteria (ACR) 20, ACR50, and DAS <3.2 populations, had a significant effect on reducing the DAS, and decreased the RF level for a long period.

Conclusion:
MSCs could relieve the DAS of RA patients in the short term and reduce the level of RF. MSC_IFN showed a more obvious effect, which could significantly improve the results of ACR20, ACR50, and DAS <3.2 and reduce the DAS and RF levels.
Evaluation of Renal Function Tests and Electrolytes in Iraqi Males with Repeated Smoking and Alcohol Abuse
Authors: Marouf Esraa Abd Al-Karim , Jameel Nabaa Qais , Moulood Iman Fouad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Wrong lifestyles such as smoking and drinking alcohol all lead to negative effects. Moreover, smoking is one of the most dangerous effects on people’s health, and it is considered one of the motives for slow suicide in humans, due to its consist deadly compounds and drinking alcohol has a dangerous effects too on people’s health.

Objective:
Is to estimate the variables at kidney function tests (uric acid, creatinine, and urea) and electrolytes like Na+, K+, and Cl−) in Iraqi male smokers. The major goal research is to check the variation on kidney function tests (uric acid, creatinine, and urea) and electrolytes like Na+, K+, and Cl−) in Iraqi alcoholic smokers males.

Materials and Methods:
This research carried out on 115 specimens of alcoholic smoker person’s sera bloods and nonalcoholic smoker persons from Iraqi males. Some kidney functions and electrolytes were determined included: uric acid, creatinine, and urea of kidney functions beside to sodium, potassium, and chloride of the electrolytes.

Results:
In this study, the results showed that affect smoking and alcohol consumption on kidney role was shown by the sera contents of urea, creatinine, uric acid, and urea values as it was observed that the sera contents of uric acid, creatinine, and urea were higher within alcoholic smokers persons compared with the blood specimens of the control group. The contents ranged of uric acid (5.99–9.25), creatinine (0.78–1.2), and urea contents were ranged between 26.3 and 30.03 of alcoholic smoker specimens. While the same markers in nonalcoholic smoker specimens (control group) were as following: uric acid (5.11), creatinine (0.69), and urea values (27.9) sequentially.

Conclusion:
There are a significant difference in serum Na+, K+, and Cl− in alcoholic smokers when compared to controls, also there are a significant difference in uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels.
Anterior Knee Pain (AKP) and its Relationship to Quadriceps Angle and Anthropometric Parameters: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study from Iraq
Authors: Al-Shamari Ahmed Latteef , Assi Mohammed H. , Al-Abbasi Maan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a common condition, especially among physically active adults who present a clinical challenge. Patellar malalignment is thought to be an important cause. Measuring quadriceps (Q) angle significant test used in the assessment of patellar alignment and hence used in the assessment of AKP.

Objectives:
To assess the relationship between AKP and Q angle among ample Iraqi patients.

Materials and Methods:
The right and left Q angles of 100 participants were measured using a universal goniometer. The participants were divided into three groups: controls, patients with left AKP (LAKP), and patients with right AKP (RAKP). The relationship between Q angles and different groups was tested using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
The left Q angles for males measure 14.1 ± 1.9 in controls, 17.7 ± 1.6 in LAKP cases and 16.1 ± 1.8 in RAKP cases, and for the females 16.1 ± 1.8 in controls, 18.1 ± 1.8 in LAKP cases and 17.1 ± 2.5 in RAKP cases. The right Q angles for males measure 15.6 ± 2.2 in controls, 15.1 ± 2.7 in LAKP cases and 19 ± 1.6 in RAKP cases, and for the females were 17.7 ± 2.4 in controls, 17.9 ± 2.2 in LAKP cases and 19.9 ± 2 in RAKP cases. Both Q angles (right and left) were greater in females than in males and both were greater in cases than in controls.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that there is a significant association between AKP and quadriceps femoris angle measurement in both genders. Therefore, clinical and/or radiological demonstration of quadriceps angle can be used as a means for initial detection of AKP.
The value and challenges of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in surgical research
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Gulati Gunjan , Bhagat Rohit 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential tools in evidence-based medicine, providing unbiased summaries of current evidence to guide clinical decision-making. While widely utilized in various medical specialties, surgical research presents unique challenges to conducting high-quality systematic reviews. This comprehensive review explores the value of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in surgery, discussing recent trends, key components, benefits, limitations, and challenges specific to surgical interventions. It examines issues such as blinding, surgical heterogeneity, learning curves, patient and clinician preference, industry involvement, and emergency interventions. By addressing these challenges and highlighting the importance of rigorous methodology, this review emphasizes the critical role of systematic reviews in advancing surgical practice and shaping evidence-based guidelines.
Integration of academics, extracurricular activities, and latest scientific techniques at Santosh Medical College
Authors: Arora Latika , Bhagat Tripta S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
What we learn with pleasure we never forget. Learning in medical college is a tedious process. Students feel overburdened by the amount of syllabus. Hence, faculty at Santosh Medical College is constantly looking for methods to incorporate extracurricular activities in medical teaching. Anatomy is taught to students in their 1st year as it forms the foundation for medical knowledge. It is the study of the morphology of the human body; medical students usually get confused with numerous organ names, their functions, and relations. Students try to mug up anatomy without having a three-dimensional concept of organs and their relations. Hence, it is the duty of anatomy teacher to make anatomy learning more fun learning and conceptual with hands-on activities. It is usually agreed by educators that if extracurricular activities are incorporated with academics, students tend to have a better grasp of subjects.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and advances in the management of breast cancer
Authors: Bhagat Tripta S. , Gulati Gunjan , Bhagat Rohit , Gupta Shalabh 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent and impactful malignancies affecting women globally. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, screening methods, diagnostic procedures, treatment options, and recent advances in breast cancer management. Drawing from a wide range of sources, including authoritative textbooks, peer-reviewed journals, and guidelines from leading health organizations, this article synthesizes current knowledge and highlights areas for future research and policy development. Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide, accounting for a significant proportion of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, disparities in outcomes persist across different populations and regions. Understanding epidemiology, risk factors, and advances in breast cancer management is crucial for developing effective public health strategies and improving patient outcomes.
Cutaneous sarcoidosis – A diagnosis of exclusion
Authors: Yadav Geetanjali , Chaudhary Pratibha , Sharma Richa , Singh Swati , Nath Navneet , Mittal Adreena 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease that may affect multiple organs. The most commonly involved organs are the lungs. Cutaneous sarcoidosis can present without any systemic involvement in 20%–25% of cases. In our report, we present a case of a 52-year-old male who presented to the dermatology department with the complaint of erythematous papules on the dorsum of the right foot, tingling sensation and decreased sensation over the same site for 1 year. His laboratory reports were normal, and a diagnosis was made on histopathology. It is unusual to have erythematous papule with decrease sensation as a presenting complaint of sarcoidosis without any prominent respiratory or systemic symptoms, which resulted in the writing of this case report.
A cross-sectional observational study to evaluate the acceptability of the clove mouthwash in Delhi NCR population
Authors: Bali Shweta , Bhargava Akshay , Nautiyal Aruna , Batra Chandni , Sharma Vaishali Rai 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess customer satisfaction premarket launch of the newly developed mouthwash; the present survey has been conducted to evaluate the taste, texture, their effectiveness in treating sensitivity, and bad breath.

Materials and Methods:
The survey was conducted for a sample size of 480. Participants received a questionnaire consisting of questions on oral health, sensitivity, bleeding gums, and bad breath.

Results:
Eighty-two percentage of the population found the clove mouthwash to be effective and claimed that their sensitivity was significantly reduced.

Conclusion:
Since the clove mouthwash gained acceptance from the majority of the population as evidently supported by the results of our current survey, it is stated that within the confines of the survey, clove mouthwash can be launched in the market.