bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Versatility of Patient Specific Implants in Reconstruction of Maxillofacial Defect: A Case Report of Central Giant Cell Granuloma
Authors: Mehra Hemant , Humne Abhijeet , Gupta Hemant , Gangwar Ankit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Reconstructing maxillofacial defects is challenging due to its complex anatomy and cosmetic and functional effects on patients. From a functional and esthetic view, it is imperative for surgeons to accurately restore the defect in a way that will ensure patient satisfaction and well-being. Here, a case of large lytic lesion of anterior mandible, causing extensive bony resorption, in a young female patient is reported. Incisional biopsy was performed and the histopathological features were suggestive of Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG). Surgical treatment by en-bloc resection of the lesion was done. Although, several reconstruction options in the literature are available for the residual bony defect including iliac crest graft, costochondral graft, submental island flaps and more. However, the advent of additive manufacturing, 3–dimensional (3D) printing, and the recent advances in those technologies has positively influenced the biomedical field, leading to the utilization of patient-specific implants (PSIs) in the surgical repair of maxillofacial defects. This report highlights the advantages of using Patient Specific Implant and describes our experience with it.
Teaching Pediatric Cardiology Fellows to Communicate Serious News: A Pilot Study
Authors: Crafts Lauren S. , Teng Christopher , Irwin Margaret , Feraco Angela M. , Lawton Andrew J. , Snaman Jennifer M. , Blume Elizabeth D. , Ronai Christina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Pediatric cardiology fellows often deliver serious news to families. Effective clinician-patient communication is the basis of strong therapeutic relationships and improves health outcomes, increases patient adherence, and enhances patient satisfaction. Communication training improves physicians’ communication skills, ability to deliver serious news, and meet the informational and emotional needs of patients and family members. However, there is little data surrounding pediatric cardiology fellows competencies or training in communication skills.Methods Pediatric cardiology fellows participated in a 3-hour communication training session. The session used VitalTalk methodology and was facilitated by two VitalTalk facilitators. Fellows spent 1 hour learning the skills of delivering serious news and responding to emotion and 2 hours in role play with standardized actors followed by a brief group wrap-up activity. Participants took an anonymous, electronic pre- and post-survey as well as an 8-month follow-up survey via REDCap. Participants were asked about their preparedness and comfort performing certain communication skills and leading challenging conversations specific to pediatric cardiology. Response options utilized a combination of 0 (low comfort/preparedness) to 100 (high comfort/preparedness) point scales and multiple choice.Results 9 fellows participated in the training and 100% completed all three surveys. Eight were first-year fellows and 1 was a third-year fellow. Finding the right words, balancing honesty with hope, and clinical and prognostic uncertainty were the top three factors that contributed to making conversations difficult. Following the course, there was a significant increase in fellow preparedness to communicate a new diagnosis of congenital heart disease, discuss poor prognoses, check understanding, and respond to emotion as well as an increase in fellow comfort responding to emotions. Four fellows reported using the skills from this training course in various clinical settings at 8-month follow up.Conclusions Communicating serious news effectively is a skill that can be learned in a sustainable way and is essential in the field of pediatric cardiology. Our study demonstrates that an interactive, VitalTalk course can improve preparedness and comfort to deliver serious news in a cohort of pediatric cardiology trainees. Future studies are needed to evaluate translation of skills to clinical practice and durability of these skills in larger cohorts.
Validation of CASPRI, GO-FAR, PIHCA scores in predicting favorable neurological outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest; A five year three center retrospective study.
Authors: Alamuti Fateme safari , Hosseinigolafshani Seyedehzahra , Ranjbaran Mehdi , Yekefallah Leili 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Predicting neurological outcomes following in-hospital cardiac arrest is crucial for guiding subsequent clinical treatments. This study seeks to validate the effectiveness of the CASPRI, GO-FAR, and PIHCA tools in predicting favorable neurological outcomes after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
Method
This retrospective study utilized a Utstein-style structured form to review the medical records of patients who experienced in-hospital cardiac arrest between March 2018 and March 2022. Predictors were examined using multivariable logistic regression, and the validity of the tools was assessed using ROC curves. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 software.
Results
Out of the 1100 patients included in the study, 42 individuals (3.8%) achieved a favorable neurological outcome. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that age, respiratory failure, resuscitation shift, duration of renal failure, and CPC score 24 hours before cardiac arrest were significantly associated with favorable neurological outcomes. The predictive abilities of the CASPRI, GO-FAR, and PIHCA scores were calculated as 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98-1.00), 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99), and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99) respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed in the predictive abilities of the CASPRI and PIHCA scores (P = 0.001), while the difference between CASPRI and GO-FAR did not reach significance (P = 0.057). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the predictive abilities of GO-FAR and PIHCA scores (P = 0.159)
Conclusion
The study concludes that CASPRI and GO-FAR scores show strong potential as objective measures for predicting favorable neurological outcomes post-cardiac arrest. Integrating these scores into clinical decision-making may enhance treatment and care strategies, in the Iranian healthcare context.
Effect of heat treatment and electromagnetic forming on springback and properties of 7075 aluminum alloy sheet
Authors: Du Zhihao , Han Yanbin , Han Dong , Zhang Haibao , Mao Xiaobo , Zhang Yinuo , Zhang Zhao , Cui Xiaohui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

7075 aluminum alloy is widely used in aerospace-related applications due to its high specific strength and good corrosion resistance; however, it is difficult to deform 7075 aluminum alloy at room temperature. In this paper, we investigate the mechanical and corrosion properties and springback characteristics of 7075 aluminum alloy after electromagnetic forming and heat treatment. The 7075 aluminum alloy subject to different pre-natural aging conditions was deformed via electromagnetically assisted stamping; the part was then subject to a second natural aging process. After a total natural aging time of 3 h, the parts were artificially aging at 120°C. It was found that the peak time of artificial aging (18 h) was not affected by the various pre-natural aging procedures and electromagnetic forming. The intergranular corrosion depths were found to be 92.6 and 5.4 µm for parts subject to peak artificial aging and retrogression and re-aging (RRA). This is because the grain boundary contains regions of continuous η phase and the cubic texture of the material is weak under peak aging. However, grain boundaries were found to exhibit discontinuous η phases, and the cubic texture of the material was enhanced after the RRA processing.
The Relationship between Complete Blood Count-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers and Current Asthma among Adolescents and Children in the USA: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiumin , Wang Jingcai , Yang Juan , Guo Cuicui , Wang Dan , Lv Xueyun , Qin Daogang , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in children. Inflammatory indicators seem to serve as efficient indicators for evaluating and targeting therapies for asthma, however there is a lack of airway inflammation markers in children.
Objective
This study was developed to explore the association between inflammatory biomarkers derived from a complete blood count (CBC) and current asthma prevalence among American children and adolescents helping the diagnosis and management of asthma in this population.
Methods
This cross-sectional analysis based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) evaluated 10,938 adolescents and children from the USA. Analyzed CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers calculated for all participants included the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII). Analyses were conducted through multiple logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses.
Results
Among analyzed subjects, 10.6% exhibited current asthma (56.6% male, 43.4% female). Relative to subjects in the lowest quartile, those in the highest and second highest quartiles for NLR (Q3: OR = 1.33 [1.09–1.61], P = 0.004; Q4: OR = 1.28 [1.05–1.57], P = 0.016), SIRI (Q3:OR = 1.37[1.13–1.65], P = 0.001; Q4:OR = 1.23[1.02–1.5], P = 0.035), and SII (Q3: OR = 1.21[1-1.47], P = 0.045; Q4:OR = 1.24[1.02–1.5], P = 0.027), presented with a greater risk of current asthma following adjustment for confounding factors.
Conclusion
These results suggest that inflammatory biomarkers which can be computed from CBC results (NLR, SIRI, SII) are all associated with a greater risk of current asthma among American adolescents and children.
Experimental study on movement characteristics and influence factors of submarine landslide triggered by earthquake
Authors: Zhang Min , Cai Shuai , Cai Yuelou , Shen Shiwei , Xu Yan , Dai Shulin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Earthquake-induced submarine landslides are destructive mass movement events impacting many marine environments. In this study, a novel vibrating flume tank was developed to study the macroscopic phenomenon of submarine landslide movement triggered by earthquakes. The results showed the movement of the sliding body has the characteristics of periodic and intermittent flow. The sliding body strikes the structure on the slope, and the force of the structure quickly reaches its peak value, then fluctuates near that value for a period of time before decreasing rapidly. A higher clay content enhanced the plastic deformation of the sliding body and the movement velocity of the sliding body was reduced. When the earthquake vibration frequency increased, the average velocity of the sliding body increased. The electrolyte in seawater enhances the water pressure and plays the role of lubricant. As the electrolyte concentration in the seawater increased, the velocity of the sliding body movement increased accordingly due to the lower friction. When the seabed slope gradient increased, the erosion effect of the sliding body on the seabed slope became stronger. As the volume of the sliding body increased, the movement velocity increased. This research can provide a basis for evaluating the hazards of submarine landslides, which is of great significance for preventing and avoiding disasters caused by submarine landslides.
Colorectal cancer patients-derived immunity-organoid platform unveils cancer-specific tissue markers associated with immunotherapy resistance
Authors: Carbone Carmine , Esposito Annachiara , Agostini Antonio , Quero Giuseppe , Piro Geny , Priori Lorenzo , Caggiano Alessia , Scaglione Giulia , Battaglia Alessandra , Calegari Maria , Salvatore Lisa , Bensi Maria , Maratta Maria , Ceccarelli Anna , Trovato Giovanni , Genovese Giannicola , Gurreri Enrico , Ascrizzi Serena , Martini Maurizio , Fiorillo Claudio , Fattorossi Andrea , De Sanctis Francesco , Ugel Stefano , Corbo Vincenzo , Alfieri Sergio , Tortora Giampaolo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is a devastating disease, ranking second in cancer-related deaths. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have reshaped the prognosis of many cancers, including Microstatellite Instable (MSI) CRC. However, a significant proportion of MSI patients do not benefit from immunotherapy, prompting the selection of patients based on factors beyond microsatellite status. Moreover, the overall lack of response of Microsatellite Stable (MSS) CRC may be due to an unselected approach for patient enrollment. To address these challenges and to enable more accurate and personalized testing of ICIs efficacy, we have developed interaction platforms between CRC organoids and autologous immune system. Using these platforms, we can assess ICIs resistance in CRC models, identifying new cancer-specific tissue markers (CST) associated with response to immunotherapy that go beyond microsatellite stability status. We assessed mutational profiles of 123 patients generating clinically relevant CRC organoids and immune system autologous interaction platforms to test the CRC patients ICI resistance. Transcriptomic analysis identified cancer-specific response markers to ICI, regardless microsatellite stability status, which were subsequently validated in an independent cohort of tissues using multiplex immunofluorescence (IF) technique. We observed that that organoids with reduced expression of CST markers exhibit increased susceptibility to T-cells engagement and demonstrate an ex vivo response to immunotherapy regardless of microsatellite stability status. We confirmed in an independent cohort of CRC patients treated with chemo-immunotherapy regimen the association of CST markers with an increased immune infiltration and T-cells activation by multiplex IF analysis. These findings will pave the way to improve immunotherapeutic strategies for CRC patients selection, regardless of their microsatellite stability status. This approach not only has the potential to identify MSI patients who will not benefit of ICIs avoiding adverse events, but also opens new scenarios for MSS patients, expanding the pool of individuals who could potentially benefit from immunotherapeutic treatments.
Scrutinizing the Smart City: Discerning Differences between Academic Critiques and Practitioner Challenges
Authors: Zwick Austin , Biggar Jeffrey , Spicer Zachary 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Through semi-structured interviews with winners, finalists, and unsuccessful applicants in Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge (SCC), this study aims to, via a post-hoc outcome evaluation, explore the gap between academic criticisms of smart cities versus the challenges that public administrators face. Interviews find that smart city competitions do succeed in fostering strategic planning and public engagement at the municipal government level. However, sustaining these successes without further investment and capacity building is unlikely in today's climate. Against the backdrop of academic criticisms of techno-solutionism, corporate overdependence, and panoptic surveillance, findings paint a different reality, one where public administrators are focused on realizing outcomes for residents, however they struggle to get technology-oriented to the implementation phase. The concerns of academia, to public administrators, seem distant - and manageable given time and resources. This research provides valuable policy lessons for cities worldwide at the intersection of technology and public governance.
Polariton probing of attometer displacement and nanoscale strain in ultrashort acoustic pulses
Authors: Scherbakov Alexey , Karzel Marek , Samusev Anton , Linnik Tetiana , Littmann Mario , Reuter Dirk , Bayer Manfred , Akimov Andrey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Atomic displacement and lattice strain are inextricably linked in most ultrafast processes in solids, such as in optically induced phase transition [1,2] or demagnetization [3]. The visualization of lattice dynamics with femtosecond temporal and sub-angstrom spatial resolution, typically performed using X-ray [1,3-5] and electron diffraction techniques [2,5,6], yields information about the involved physics. However, the detection of tiny atomic motion localized in a nanometer volume has remained challenging. For this purpose, we suggest focussing on the acoustic pulse injected into the surrounding volume [3,7-10]. We demonstrate that its optical detection in a material possessing a narrow polariton resonance provides superior sensitivity and enables the detection of atomic motion of attometer amplitudes. In the performed experiment, we detect an acoustic pulse injected into the polaritonic layer from an optically heated 100-nm metal film. By measuring the transient reflectivity modulated by the dynamical strain, we reliably detect the thermal expansion of the film by less than 100 attometers due to its temperature increase by ~0.1 K only.
Cathepsin K promotes bone invasion of pituitary adenomas via mediating adenoma cell proliferation and osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Wang Peng , Zhao Jian , Han Wenjing , Mu Yiming , Gu Weijun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to explore the regulation and mechanism of Cathepsin K (CTSK) in bone invasive pituitary adenomas (BIPAs).
Experimental Design:
A total of 1437 patients with pituitary adenomas were included and followed up. RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to analyze to detect CTSK expression. The impact of CTSK on cellular proliferation, bone matrix degradation, and osteoclasts differentiation was determined by gain/loss of function experiments in vitro and vivo. The exploration of signaling pathway was determined by molecular biology experiments.
Results
Here, we reported a significant fraction (~ 10%) of pituitary adenoma patients developed bone invasion. Bone invasion was correleted with tumor recurrence. Shorter recurrence free survival was found in BIPA patients. CTSK expression was increased in BIPA patients and strongly associated with worse prognosis. Increased CTSK expression promoted pituitary adenoma cell proliferation via activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and bone invasion via increasing osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. CTSK inhibitor (odanacatib) could inhibit pituitary adenoma cell proliferation and bone invasion in vitro and in vivo. CTSK promoted osteoclast differentiation by promoting the RANKL expression of MC3T3-E1 cells through interaction with TLR4.
Conclusion
CTSK may become a novel predictive biomarker and potential therapeutic target for BIPAs.
Challenges in accuracy in molecular genetic diagnosis of childhood AML: case series
Authors: Mota Fernanda de Oliveira , de Toledo Silva Regina Caminada , Tesser-Gamba Francine , Pires Michele Gaboardi de Carvalho , Gouveia Juliana Thomazini , Oliveira Indhira Dias , Santos Nancy da Silva , Delbuono Elizabete , Rhein Bruno Nicolaz , Guimarães Renata Fittipaldi da Costa , Zecchin Victor Gottardello , Lee Maria Lucia Martino , de Sousa Ana Virginia Lopes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Survival rate of children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) improves gradually through cooperative studies. However, the outcome depends on heterogeneous mechanisms. Comprehending the genetic background of pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the key to risk stratification. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology uses target panels that may detect additional genetic subsets. The study describes the experience of using NGS for treating pediatric AML patients at an institution. Patients who showed poor outcome aberration were referred to hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). 11 patients were tested. Aberrations were found in all subjects, mainly only in the NGS panel, indicating referral to HSCT in first remission in 2 cases and helping to outline the genetic features in all cases. The availability of NGS resources has had a therapeutic impact. NGS helped outline the patients' genetic features and decision for HSCT. NGS is a valuable tool in the precision medicine era and should be widely accessible.
Runaway resorption of microcracks contributes to age-related hip- fracture patients
Authors: Gray Marena , Boughton Oliver , Wiles Crispin , Reinhard Christina , Vo Nghia T. , Atwood Robert , Stavri Richard , Cobb Justin P. , Hansen Ulrich , Abel Richard L. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Microdefects, including microcracks and resorption trenches, may be important contributors to bone fragility. 3D microdefect morphology was imaged using synchrotron micro-CT to develop a classification system for investigating the relationship with bone mechanics and hip-fractures.
Femoral heads from ageing hip-fracture patients (n=5, 74-82 years) were compared to ageing non-fracture controls (n=5, 72-84 years). Two trabecular cores were prepared from the chiasma; one was imaged using synchrotron micro-CT to measure microdefects and one was mechanically tested to measure tensile strength. Morphological and mechanical data were compared and correlated using Mann Whitney U test and Pearson’s rank correlation. All the procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Imperial College Tissue Bank (R13004) and the 1984 Declaration of Helsinki.
Microdefects varied and were classified into four categories based on shape and measurable parameters. Hip-fracture donors exhibited significantly higher density of all microdefects (p<0.05). Microdefect volume was strongly negatively correlated with ultimate tensile strength (p<0.05) and stiffness (p<0.05).
Microdefects might contribute to loss of bone strength and fragility fracture via runaway resorption. Microcracks could promote focussed osteoclastic resorption and the formation of resorption pits which create stress risers leading to the re-formation of microcracks under continued load. CT-based classification methods should be used to explore the complex interaction between microdefects, metabolism, and bone fracture mechanics.
Unveiling the origin of precision limits in distance measurements by frequency-comb-based spectral interferometry
Authors: Jang Yoon-Soo , Ahn Heulbi , Eom Sunghoon , Park Jungjae , Jin Jonghan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Over the last two decades, frequency combs have brought a breakthrough in length metrology with traceability to length standards. In particular, frequency-comb-based spectral interferometry is regarded as a promising technology for next-generation length standards. However, nanometer-level precision inherent in laser displacement interferometer is primarily required to achieve that. Here, we report the fundamental precision limits of a frequency-comb-based spectral interferometry for distance measurements. In our theoretical model, two parameters, the intensity noise and the frequency noise, can be major factors affecting measurement precision. The measurement precision was experimentally confirmed as 0.67 nm at an averaging time of 25 μs. The measurement sensitivity was found to be 4.5∙10-12m/Hz1/2, close to the quantum-limited sensitivity. The numerically predicted measurement sensitivity and precision are in good agreement with the experimental results. Hence, intrinsic noise sources affecting measurement precision typically consist of intensity noise and frequency noise. As a practical example of observing precise physical phenomena, we demonstrated measurements of acoustic-wave-induced vibration and laser eavesdropping. Our study of ultra-precision distance measurements and an analysis of the origin of measurement precision will be an important step toward the practical realization of upcoming length standards.