bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear stability of rotating convection in an

imposed shear flow
Authors: MATTHEWS PAUL , COX STEPHEN 
Published: July 2002

In many geophysical and astrophysical contexts, thermal convection

is influenced

by both rotation and an underlying shear flow. The linear theory for thermal

convection is presented, with attention restricted to a layer of

fluid rotating about a

horizontal axis, and plane Couette flow driven by differential motion of

the horizontal boundaries.The eigenvalue problem to determine the critical Rayleigh number is
solved

numerically assuming rigid, fixed-temperature boundaries.

The preferred orientation of

the convection rolls is found, for different orientations of the rotation
vector with

respect to the shear flow. For moderate rates of shear

and rotation, the preferred roll

orientation depends only on their ratio, the Rossby number.It is well known that rotation alone acts to favour rolls

aligned with the rotation

vector, and to suppress rolls of other orientations. Similarly, in a

shear flow, rolls

parallel to the shear flow are preferred. However, it is found that when
the rotation

vector and shear flow are parallel, the two effects lead counter-intuitively
(as in

other, analogous convection problems) to a preference for

oblique rolls, and a critical

Rayleigh number below that for Rayleigh–Bénard convection.When the boundaries are poorly conducting, the eigenvalue problem is
solved

analytically by means of an asymptotic expansion in the aspect ratio of
the rolls.

The behaviour of the stability problem is found to be qualitatively

similar to that for fixed-temperature boundaries.Fully nonlinear numerical simulations of the convection are also

carried out. These

are generally consistent with the linear stability theory, showing

convection in the form

of rolls near the onset of motion, with the appropriate orientation. More

complicated states are found further from critical.
The Intellectual Capacity of David Stove
Authors: Teichman Jenny 
Published: July 2002

David Stove's essay “The intellectual capacity of women” was first published in 1990, in the Proceedings of a Sydney philosophical society. It has been re-published twice since his death. It seems though that during his lifetime Stove himself refused to agree to its being re-printed. This raises two questions: Did Stove believe his essay on women contains mistakes? And: does it contain mistakes?The main flaws in the essay stem from a rash adoption of simplistic ideas about probability coupled with a question-begging definition of capacity. The work also contains contradictions and exaggerations and some unwise forays into social history. Stove was an intelligent man so it seems likely that he would have recognised those flaws.
Latent class analysis of Temperance Board
registrations in Swedish male–male twin pairs born
1902 to 1949: searching for subtypes of alcoholism
Authors: KENDLER K. S. , KARKOWSKI L. M. , PRESCOTT C. A. , PEDERSEN N. L. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Alcoholism is clinically heterogeneous. We
have
attempted to identify and validate
subtypes of broadly defined alcoholism.Methods. Latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to data
on the number, age at onset and reasons
for temperance board registration (TBR) in all male–male twin pairs
of
known zygosity born in Sweden from 1902–1949.Results. Of the five classes identified, two were relatively
common:
single-cause registrant – drunk
(SCR-D); and early-onset multiple-cause registrant (EO-MCR). In contrast

to the SCR-D class, the
EO-MCR class was characterized by: (i) earlier age at first TBR;

(ii) higher number of TBRs; (iii)
TBRs for drunk driving and alcohol-related crimes; (iv) much
higher risk for alcohol-related
imprisonment and hospitalization; (v) higher levels of neuroticism

and novelty-seeking; and (vi)
much greater risk for TBR in co-twins. In twin pairs concordant for TBR,

concordance for LCA-derived class assignment far exceeded chance expectation,

more so in monozygotic than in dizygotic pairs.Conclusions. Alcoholism is aetiologically as well as
clinically heterogeneous. The two most common
subtypes identified in these analyses bear substantial but imperfect resemblance
to previously
proposed typologies.
Sibling aggregation for psychiatric disorders
in offspring at high and low risk for depression:
10-year follow-up
Authors: RENDE R. , WARNER V. , WICKRAMARANTE P. , WEISSMAN M. M. 
Published: July 2002

Background. A unique way of determining patterns of parent–offspring transmission of risk to
affective disorders is to focus on aggregation within sibling pairs. We attempt to extend our previous
finding that sibling aggregation is notable for anxiety disorders in a 10-year follow-up of siblings
at high and low risk for depression, by virtue of parental diagnosis.Methods. The sample, which included 173 unique sibling pairs in the high risk cohort, and 83 pairs
in the low risk cohort, had been assessed using semi-structured clinical interviews three times over
a 10-year period, spanning from childhood to adulthood. Sibling aggregation was quantified using
pairwise odds ratios.Results. Sibling aggregation in the high risk cohort was greater than aggregation in the low risk
cohort for anxiety disorders, especially those that emerged in childhood, and later co-morbid
disorders, especially major depressive disorder and suicide attempts.Conclusions. Familial liability to affective disorders may be reflected most strongly by a
developmental sequence of anxiety disorders in childhood followed by later depressive and suicidal
behaviour in adolescence and adulthood.
Differences in verbal behaviours of patients with and
without emotional distress during primary care consultations
Authors: DEL PICCOLO L. , SALTINI A. , ZIMMERMANN C. , DUNN G. 
Published: July 2002

Background. In primary care consultations patients with emotional distress tend to give verbal cues
or symptom reports with psychological or psychiatric contents. This study examined the cue
behaviour defined not only by psychological, but also by medical, social and life episodes related
contents in patients with and without emotional distress, recognized and not by their GP. The GP's
verbal behaviour in relation to patients' cue emission was also investigated.Method. For the six participating GPs two groups of matched pairs of patients (N = 238) were
created. The two groups comprised either patients considered by GPs as being without emotional
distress or patients considered as emotionally distressed. Within each pair, one patient was a case
(GHQ-12 score > 2) and the other was the matched control (GHQ-12 score < 3). The medical
interviews with these patients were transcribed and classified according to the Verona Medical
Interview Classification System (VR-MICS).Results. GHQ positive patients of both groups gave more cues in terms of total proportion than
their matched controls (GHQ negative patients). The proportion of cues given by patients was
related also to GP's verbal behaviour, increasing with closed psychosocial questions and decreasing
with the use of active interview techniques. Attribution of emotional distress was more frequent
when patients were high attenders and had a past psychiatric history. The content of cues changed
in relation to GP's attribution: recognized patients gave more cues and more often with
psychological content, patients not recognized as distressed gave mainly cues related to their
lifestyle and life episodes.Conclusions. To improve the recognition of those emotionally distressed patients most likely to be
missed GPs should increase their attention to cues related to life style and life episodes.
NOTE
Authors: Bright William 
Published: July 2002

Change of editorship. The present volume
of Language in Society (vol. 29, 2000) marks a
transition in the editorship of the journal; the newly
appointed editor is Jane H. Hill.From the beginning of 2000, then, all manuscripts
submitted for publication, all books offered for review,
and all new editorial correspondence should be sent to
Prof. Jane H. Hill, Editor, Language in Society,
Dept. of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson,
AZ 85721.
Plasmid profiles of drug resistant Shigella boydii types

1–5, 8, 10, 12–14 from Ethiopia (1974–85)
Authors: GEBRE-YOHANNES A. , DRASAR B. S. 
Published: July 2002

Plasmid profile analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis was

performed on 42 drug resistant

strains of Shigella boydii serotypes 1–5, 8, 10, 12–14,

collected between 1974 and 1985 from

endemic cases of shigellosis in Ethiopia, and their Escherichia coli

K12 transconjugants.

Resistance factors (R factors) were further characterized by incompatibility
testing.Patterns of small plasmids, less than 15 kb, were similar within

each of the individual

S. boydii serotypes. Plasmids of about 3·3–3·7
kb

were found in all strains of serotypes 2 and 4.

Plasmids of about 4·3–4·6 kb were found in about 86%

of strains. Serotypes 1, 2 and 3 were

characterized by plasmids of about 5·6–5·7 kb. The

6·4·6–7 kb plasmid was found consistently

in serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12 and 13 which were resistant to SSu or had
an

SSu resistance

component in their phenotypes. Large plasmids (155–186 kb) were found

in most S. boydii strains.Conjugative drug resistance plasmids, most often coding for three or

less drugs, were found

in about 26% of drug resistant strains. R-factors, coding for AT resistance

(in types 2 and 8),

and ASSuT resistance (in type 4), were compatible with all reference plasmids

tested. Plasmids

belonging to incompatibility groups X and N were found in serotypes 5 and

10, respectively.
Functional unparsing
Authors: DANVY OLIVIER 
Published: July 2002

A string-formatting function such as printf in C seemingly requires dependent
types, because its control string determines the rest of its arguments. Examples:formula hereWe show how changing the representation of the control string makes it possible to program
printf in ML (which does not allow dependent types). The result is well typed and perceptibly
more efficient than the corresponding library functions in Standard ML of New Jersey and
in Caml.
Nursing and rehabilitation: towards new horizons
Authors: Nolan Mike , Nolan Janet 
Published: July 2002

Rehabilitation has received considerable attention recently, having been the subject of a number of consultations, reviews and policy documents. Despite such activity it is recognized that ‘there is widespread confusion about the meaning of rehabilitation’, with a general failure to clarify aims and objectives. Nevertheless, there is an emerging consensus that the elements of effective rehabilitation include:- responsiveness to users' needs and wishes- multidisciplinary and interagency working- availability when required- clear rehabilitative purpose and goals
The Iconography of Twentieth-Century Totalitarian Regimes
Authors: Duprat Annie 
Published: July 2002

Victoria E. Bonnell, Iconography of Power. Soviet Political Posters under Lenin and Stalin (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), 364 pp., 8 colour plates, 92 b/w illustrations, £38, ISBN 0–520–08712–7.Enrico Sturani, Mussolini. Un dictateur en cartes postales (Paris: Somogy, 1997), 240 pp., 284 colour illustrations, FF 189, ISBN 2–850–56292–0.The rhythm of the history of human societies is determined by the constitution of the powers which organise them. Violence, persuasion, acquiescence might be adduced as the three stages of a broad schema whereby a coherent system of reference, based on rules which are respected by most (if not all) people, succeeds in establishing itself on a lasting basis of political constitution, civil law, and a legal system to govern systems of work and exchange. Individuals, whose primeval subjection was to the law of family, tribe or gens, do not readily submit to absorption into an entity which does not coincide with this original cell. Therefore, by definition, the history of the creation of political systems in Western societies must be set in a context of permanent tension between the interests of the individual, or the primordial group, and those of new institutions or bodies which are more abstract, and therefore harder to identify, recognise and, eventually, accept. But it is also the history of how peoples view the world, of their common points of reference: in short, a history of mental representations, which can partly be written by studying their translation into figurative images – into political iconography developed for purposes of mass propaganda.
Genetic Linkage Mapping of Zebrafish Genes and ESTs
Authors: Kelly Peter D. , Chu Felicia , Woods Ian G. , Ngo-Hazelett Phuong , Cardozo Timothy , Huang Hui , Kimm Frankie , Liao Lingya , Yan Yi-Lin , Zhou Yingyao , Johnson Steven L. , Abagyan Ruben , Schier Alexander F. , Postlethwait John H. , Talbot William S. 
Published: July 2002

Genetic screens in zebrafish (Danio rerio) have isolated mutations in hundreds of genes essential for vertebrate development, physiology, and behavior. We have constructed a genetic linkage map that will facilitate the identification of candidate genes for these mutations and allow comparisons among the genomes of zebrafish and other vertebrates. On this map, we have localized 771 zebrafish genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) by scoring single-stranded conformational polymorphisms (SSCPs) in a meiotic mapping panel. Of these sequences, 642 represent previously unmapped genes and ESTs. The mapping panel was comprised of 42 homozygous diploid individuals produced by heat shock treatment of haploid embryos at the one-cell stage (HS diploids). This “doubled haploid” strategy combines the advantages of mapping in haploid and standard diploid systems, because heat shock diploid individuals have only one allele at each locus and can survive to adulthood, enabling a relatively large quantity of genomic DNA to be prepared from each individual in the mapping panel. To integrate this map with others, we also scored 593 previously mapped simple-sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs) in the mapping panel. This map will accelerate the molecular analysis of zebrafish mutations and facilitate comparative analysis of vertebrate genomes.[A table of the mapped genes and ESTs is provided online at http://www.genome.org.]
Preexisting Systemic Acquired Resistance Suppresses Hypersensitive Response-Associated Cell Death in Arabidopsishrl1 Mutant
Authors: Devadas Sendil K. , Raina Ramesh 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) displayed by resistant plants against invading pathogens is a prominent feature of plant-pathogen interactions. The Arabidopsis hypersensitive response like lesions1 (hrl1) mutant is characterized by heightened defense responses that make it more resistant to virulent pathogens. However, hrl1 suppresses avirulent pathogen-induced HR cell death. Furthermore, the highPR-1 expression observed in hrl1 remains unaltered after avirulent and virulent pathogen infections. The suppressed HR phenotype in hrl1 is observed even when an elicitor is expressed endogenously from an inducible promoter, suggesting that an impaired transfer of avirulent factors is not the reason. Interestingly, the lack of HR phenotype in hrl1is reversed if the constitutive defense responses are compromised either by a mutation in NON EXPRESSOR OF PR-1(NPR1) or by depleting salicylic acid due to the expression of the nahG gene. The rescue of HR cell death in hrl1 npr1 and in hrl1 nahG depends on the extent to which the constitutive systemic acquired response (SAR) is compromised. Pretreating Arabidopsis wild-type plants with SAR-inducers, before pathogen infection resulted in a significant decrease in HR cell death. Together, these results demonstrate that the preexisting SAR may serve as one form of negative feedback loop to regulate HR-associated cell death in hrl1 mutant and in the wild-type plants.
Involvement of Protein Kinase and Extraplastidic Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases in Signaling Pathways Regulating Plastid Transcription and the psbD Blue Light- Responsive Promoter in Barley
Authors: Christopher D. A. , Xinli L. , Kim M. , Mullet J. E. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We investigated the signaling pathways that control changes in plastid transcription in response to development and light. Plastid gene expression was analyzed in dark-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings treated in vivo with an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, okadaic acid (OA), or an inhibitor of protein kinases (K252a), followed by exposure of the seedlings to either red, blue, or white light. OA prevented blue light from activating the plastid psbD blue-light-responsive promoter (BLRP) and prevented red and blue light from activating the expression of the plastid-encoded rbcL and psbA and the nuclear-encoded RbcS and Lhcb genes. OA reduced total plastid transcription activity in dark- and light-grown seedlings by 77 to 80%, indicating that OA prevented light-responsive transcription by reducing total plastid transcription. In contrast, K252a activated the accumulation of mRNAs arising from the BLRP. Blue light in combination with K252a increased psbD mRNA levels in an additive manner. The results indicate that protein phosphatases 1 and/or 2A, which reside external to the organelle, are required for proper function of plastid transcription and chloroplast development, whereas a protein kinase represses the BLRP in plants grown in the dark.
Association of Caffeoyl Coenzyme A 3-O-Methyltransferase Expression with Lignifying Tissues in Several Dicot Plants
Authors: Ye Z. H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Caffeoyl coenzyme A 3-O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT) was previously shown to be associated with lignification in both in vitro tracheary elements (TEs) and organs of zinnia (Zinnia elegans). However, it is not known whether this is a general pattern in dicot plants. To address this question, polyclonal antibodies against zinnia recombinant CCoAOMT fusion protein were raised and used for immunolocalization in several dicot plants. The antibodies predominantly recognized a protein band with a molecular mass of 28 kD on western analysis of tissue extracts from zinnia, forsythia (Forsythia suspensa), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and soybean (Glycine max). Western analyses showed that the accumulation of CCoAOMT protein was closely correlated with lignification in in vitro TEs of zinnia. Immunolocalization results showed that CCoAOMT was localized in developing TEs of young zinnia stems and in TEs, xylem fibers, and phloem fibers of old stems. CCoAOMT was also found to be specifically associated with all lignifying tissues, including TEs, xylem fibers, and phloem fibers in stems of forsythia, tobacco, alfalfa, soybean, and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The presence of CCoAOMT was evident in xylem ray parenchyma cells of forsythia, tobacco, and tomato. In forsythia and alfalfa, pith parenchyma cells next to the vascular cylinder were lignified. Accordingly, marked accumulation of CCoAOMT in these cells was observed. Taken together, these results showed a close association of CCoAOMT expression with lignification in dicot plants. This supports the hypothesis that the CCoAOMT-mediated methylation branch is a general one in lignin biosynthesis during normal growth and development in dicot plants.
A Determinant of Substrate Specificity Predicted from the Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturase of Developing Cat's Claw Seed1
Authors: Cahoon Edgar B. , Shah Salehuzzaman , Shanklin John , Browse John 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Cat's claw (Doxantha unguis-cati L.) vine accumulates nearly 80% palmitoleic acid (16:1Δ9) plus cis-vaccenic acid (18:1Δ11) in its seed oil. To characterize the biosynthetic origin of these unusual fatty acids, cDNAs for acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) desaturases were isolated from developing cat's claw seeds. The predominant acyl-ACP desaturase cDNA identified encoded a polypeptide that is closely related to the stearoyl (Δ9–18:0)-ACP desaturase from castor (Ricinis communisL.) and other species. Upon expression inEscherichia coli, the cat's claw polypeptide functioned as a Δ9 acyl-ACP desaturase but displayed a distinct substrate specificity for palmitate (16:0)-ACP rather than stearate (18:0)-ACP. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the cat's claw enzyme with that of the castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase suggested that a single amino acid substitution (L118W) might account in large part for the differences in substrate specificity between the two desaturases. Consistent with this prediction, conversion of leucine-118 to tryptophan in the mature castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase resulted in an 80-fold increase in the relative specificity of this enzyme for 16:0-ACP. The alteration in substrate specificity observed in the L118W mutant is in agreement with a crystallographic model of the proposed substrate-binding pocket of the castor Δ9–18:0-ACP desaturase.
Arabidopsis 22-Kilodalton Peroxisomal Membrane Protein. Nucleotide Sequence Analysis and Biochemical Characterization1
Authors: Tugal H. Bülent , Pool Martin , Baker Alison 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
We sequenced and characterized PMP22 (22-kDperoxisomal membrane protein) from Arabidopsis, which shares 28% to 30% amino acid identity and 55% to 57% similarity to two related mammalian peroxisomal membrane proteins, PMP22 and Mpv17. Subcellular fractionation studies confirmed that the Arabidopsis PMP22 is a genuine peroxisomal membrane protein. Biochemical analyses established that the Arabidopsis PMP22 is an integral membrane protein that is completely embedded in the lipid bilayer. In vitro import assays demonstrated that the protein is inserted into the membrane posttranslationally in the absence of ATP, but that ATP stimulates the assembly into the native state. Arabidopsis PMP22 is expressed in all organs of the mature plant and in tissue-cultured cells. Expression of PMP22 is not associated with a specific peroxisome type, as it is detected in seeds and throughout postgerminative growth as cotyledon peroxisomes undergo conversion from glyoxysomes to leaf-type peroxisomes. Although PMP22 shows increased accumulation during the growth of young seedlings, its expression is not stimulated by light.
Tracking: a method for structural characterization of grains in powders or polycrystals
Authors: Lauridsen E. M. , Schmidt S. , Suter R. M. , Poulsen H. F. 
Published: July 2002

A method is presented for fast and non-destructive characterization of the individual grains inside bulk materials (powders or polycrystals). The positions, volumes and orientations of hundreds of grains are determined simultaneously. An extension of the rotation method is employed: a monochromatic beam of high-energy X-rays, focused in one dimension, impinges on the sample and the directions of the diffracted beams are traced by translation of two-dimensional detectors. Algorithms suitable for on-line analysis are described, including a novel indexing approach, where the crystal symmetry is used directly by scanning in Euler space. The method is verified with a simulation of 100 grains.
Crystallization and improvement of crystal quality for X-ray diffraction of maltooligosyl trehalose synthase by reductive methylation of lysine residues
Authors: Kobayashi Masanori , Kubota Michio , Matsuura Yoshiki 
Published: July 2002

Maltooligosyl trehalose synthase, one of the two enzymes in the coupled trehalose biosynthesis system in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, has been purified and crystallized. The chemical modification of this enzyme by reductive methylation of lysine residues significantly improved the crystal quality for X-ray diffraction experiments. The crystals of the modified enzyme belong to orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 56.70, b = 140.1, c = 205.2 Å measured at cryo-temperature, and are found to contain two enzyme molecules per asymmetric unit.