bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protracted exercise tolerance post-coronavirus disease 2019 in endurance athletes: A survey
Authors: Haley Cheryl A. , Van Aswegen Heleen , Libhaber Elena , Olivier Benita 
Published: August 2024

Background: The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic irrevocably influenced our lives, yet research in a diversity of countries is lacking. Cardiorespiratory fitness may be impaired for up to a year post-COVID-19 infection.Objectives: Our study aimed to compare acute and exertional symptoms, fatigue, and exercise performance in masters-age endurance athletes according to their return-to-sport status.Method: A cross-sectional survey-based observational study of long-distance runners and cyclists was conducted. Data were stratified into two groups: those who returned to their pre-illness level of sport and those who did not and were compared statistically.Results: A total of 308 survey responses were included in the analysis. The mean age of the athletes was 44.9 + 10.2 years, with 55.2% being male. The group that did not return to their pre-illness level of sport (31.5%) had more post-COVID sequelae, worse illness severity, with a higher frequency of resting and exertional symptoms, notably fatigue and dyspnoea. Decreased exercise capacity was correlated with increased physical fatigue scores.Conclusion: Almost one-third of endurance athletes suffered protracted exercise tolerance post-COVID-19. Long-term symptoms may be more consequential in this athlete population.Clinical Implications: Symptoms that may indicate cardiopulmonary consequences in recreational athletes should be investigated in order to facilitate return to sport and the important mental and physical benefits thereof. This will augment outcomes after respiratory tract infections and management of return to sport and expectations of endurance athletes.
Exploring the Value of an Assessment for the Professional Coaching of Residents
Authors: Teheux Lara , Coolen Ester H.A.J. , van Voorthuizen Brenda , van den Udenhout Fleur L.H. , Theeuwes Bernice A.M. , Draaisma Jos M.T. , Willemsen Michèl A.A.P. , Bolte Antoinette C. , Kuijer-Siebelink Wietske , van der Velden Janiëlle A.E.M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Research on how tools can support coaching of residents is lacking. We hypothesized that an electronic assessment (EA) tool presently applied in selection for residency training, which measures cognitive capacities, personality, motivational drivers, and competencies, could be a valuable tool to support coaching of residents.
Objective This study explored the value and limitations, as perceived by residents and coaches, of using the EA to facilitate a single coaching session.
Methods This qualitative study took place in the East-Netherlands Training District from August 2022 to April 2023. Volunteer residents and professionally trained coaches engaged in a single coaching session, using the EA. A purposive sample of 7 residents in different training years from 3 specialties were recruited via the training secretariats. Individual interviews with residents were conducted 1 week and 3 months after the coaching session. Data collection ceased when data sufficiency was considered reached. A focus group interview was held with the 3 participating coaches. Thematic analysis was employed to identify themes.
Results Participants considered the EA a supportive tool, but not the core focus in the coaching process. Coaching sessions remained guided by residents’ individual needs. The EA was considered supportive in fostering residents’ self-reflection and awareness, accelerating the coaching process by enhancing preparedness and fostering familiarity among residents and coaches. The perceived value of the EA for the coaching process was affected by residents’ and coaches’ attitudes toward the tool.
Conclusions The EA played a supportive but nonprominent role in the coaching of residents.
The Impact of Changing Abortion Legislation on Emergency Medicine Residents in a State With Protected Abortion Rights
Authors: Preiksaitis Carl , Saxena Monica , Henkel Andrea 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background The US Supreme Court’s 2022 ruling in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization overturned Roe v Wade, allowing individual states to determine abortion restrictions, significantly impacting graduate medical education (GME). While focus has been on states enacting restrictions, the impacts in states where abortion rights are safeguarded are equally important. Emergency medicine (EM) serves as a safety net within the health care system, making it ideal for understanding the broader implications of these legal changes on GME.
Objective To explore the experiences and perspectives of EM residents regarding changing abortion legislation in California, an abortion-protective state.
Methods We conducted a qualitative study using transcendental phenomenology. Thirteen postgraduate year 4 EM residents from a single large university-based program in California participated in semistructured interviews in 2023. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.
Results Four themes were identified: (1) impact of changing abortion legislation on practice; (2) personal and professional decisions influenced by legislation; (3) navigating legal uncertainties in practice; and (4) advocacy and engagement beyond clinical practice. Residents reported varying levels of awareness and concern about the implications of abortion laws on EM practice, the influence of these laws on their career decisions, the need for legal guidance, and a commitment to advocacy. These themes highlight a complex interplay between legal changes, personal values, and professional responsibilities.
Conclusions This study highlights the significant impact of the Dobbs decision on EM residents in California, revealing that residents face unique ethical, legal, and advocacy challenges that may affect their professional identity formation.
Preparing for the Transition to Academic Practice: A Graduate Medical Education Elective
Authors: Casas Rachel S. , Cooper Amanda B. , Westcott Amy M. , Shen Chan , Dewaters Ami L. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background Residents and fellows as educators (RFAE) programs typically focus on clinical teaching skills in single departments, which may not be sustainable for those with limited trainees or faculty.
Objective To determine the feasibility and value of a 2-week interdepartmental RFAE elective for advanced teaching skill development and transition to practice as clinician educators.
Methods Facilitated discussion, simulation, and critiqued peer presentations developed participants’ skills in teaching, curriculum design, professional development, and scholarship. Assessments in this prospective intervention included 2 self-reported surveys addressing: (1) teaching process and motivation (Conceptions of Learning and Teaching [COLT]), and (2) skills and attitudes. We administered both surveys at baseline, immediate-post, and 3-month-post elective with data compared across time points using Kruskal-Wallis tests. Program evaluation comprised daily open-ended surveys on engagement and an end-of-course feedback survey.
Results There were 79 participants from 2019 to 2023. Survey response rates were 84.8% (67 of 79) at baseline, 58.2% (46 of 79) immediate-post, and 51.9% (41 of 79) 3-month-post. Most participants were residents (89.9%, 71 of 79), female (60.8%, 48 of 79), from pediatrics and/or medicine departments (77.2%, 61 of 79), and in their final year of training (77.2%, 61 of 79). COLT factor orientation to professional practice scores increased in the immediate-post (3.3) compared to baseline (2.5) surveys (P=.008). Teaching skills attitudes scores increased for all questions in 3-month-post compared to baseline surveys. In open-ended questions, participants emphasized the importance of professional development sessions in guiding their careers toward medical education.
Conclusions This interdepartmental elective was feasible, favorably received, and sustained over time, with observed changes in participants’ teaching skills attitudes.
Ready, Set, Goal: A Mixed Methods Study of a Goal-Setting Intervention on 2 Competency-Based Geriatric Medicine Rotations
Authors: Alston Jillian , Gandell Dov , Kangasjarvi Emilia , Brydges Ryan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background More research is required to understand the effects of implementing structured goal-setting on trainee engagement in competency-based clinical learning environments.
Objective To explore how residents experienced a rotation-specific goal-setting intervention on geriatric medicine rotations at 2 hospitals.
Methods All rotating residents were expected to complete the intervention, consisting of a SMART-based (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Bound) goal-setting form and feedback sessions with teaching faculty. From November 2019 to June 2021, we recruited a convenience sample of rotating residents. Study participants completed pre- and postrotation 35-item Dutch Residency Educational Climate Test (D-RECT) questionnaires to compare scores from their rotation before the geriatric rotation and a postrotation semistructured interview, which we transcribed and analyzed using principles of constant comparison and reflexive thematic analysis.
Results We interviewed 12 of 58 (20.7%) residents participating in the goal-setting intervention, 11 of whom completed both D-RECT questionnaires. Participants’ D-RECT scores favored the geriatric medicine rotation versus the immediately preceding clinical rotation (M=4.29±0.37; M=3.84±0.44, P=.002). Analyses of interview transcripts yielded 3 themes on how participants perceived the intervention influenced their learning experience: (1) structured forms and processes mediate, inform, and constrain goal selection; (2) interactions with faculty, patients, and system factors influenced goal enactment; and (3) unstructured assessments led to uncertainty around goal achievement. Challenges included time restrictions and unpredictable clinical opportunities.
Conclusions Goal-setting appeared to help many residents direct their learning efforts and engage in collaborative processes with teaching faculty. We identified challenges limiting residents’ engagement with the goal-setting intervention, which may inform the practical implementation of goal-setting in other competency-based curricula.
Investigation of the Competencies of Teacher Candidates in Using Web 2.0 Tools
Authors: Kirbas Abdulkadir , Bulut Mesut 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to examine the web 2.0 tool usage competencies of Turkish and Turkish language and literature teacher candidates. The participants' proficiency with Web 2.0 tools was assessed in this context based on several characteristics. 279 teacher candidates (219 female and 59 males) were the subjects of the study, which was carried out at an eastern Turkish university. The data was gathered using Google Docs (Google Forms) and the “Web 2.0 Tools Usage Competency Scale (WAKYÖ)” created by Çelik (2021) as the data gathering method. The results of the study indicate that the digital competency of teacher applicants is frequently in the medium range. The results show that while most teacher applicants use social media, they don't use it frequently. In the gender-based examination, male teacher candidates performed much better than female teacher candidates when using Web 2.0 tools. However, an analysis of age groups shows that there are no discernible differences in Web 2.0 tool proficiency. The examination conducted based on the department or main science that each student pursued at the university revealed that teacher candidates with varying degrees of education possessed comparable levels of digital proficiency. However, there was no discernible difference in the analyses conducted based on the individuals' devices, their use of social media, the amount of time they spent on it each day, and whether or not they had taken computer or information technology courses during their undergraduate studies. The results showed no appreciable variation based on family income level. The results suggest that the focus of educational activities should be on more effective ways to improve digital skills. This makes it obvious that specialized training and support programs should be developed to fulfill the requirements of teacher candidates while taking into consideration factors like academic specialization and gender.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM SYARIAH DENGAN PENDEKATAN METODE CAMEL
Authors: Listriyani Futri , Wartoyo Wartoyo , Setiowati Nur Eka 
Published: August 2024

This study aims to compare the performance levels of two Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia, namely Bank BCA Syariah and Bank Muamalat Indonesia for the period 2018 to 2022. This study uses a method that is often used to analyze the level of performance of Islamic banking, namely the CAMEL method. The indicators in this study consist of five financial ratios, namely CAR, NPF, NPM, ROA, and FDR. This research uses quantitative methods with comparative research types. Using secondary data from financial reports published on the official website of each bank. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used for data normality testing and hypothesis testing using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney test. The results showed statistically significant differences in the values of CAR, NPF, ROA, and FDR in Islamic banking between Bank BCA Syariah and Bank Muamalat Indonesia, then there was no significant difference in the NPM ratio between the two banks. Based on the results described, Bank BCA Syariah has a superior average value in terms of CAR, NPF, NPM and ROA ratios compared to Bank Muamalat Indonesia. Meanwhile, the performance of Bank Muamalat Indonesia's FDR proportion is better than Bank BCA Syariah in recent years. Therefore, it can be said that Bank BCA Syariah and Bank Muamalat Indonesia have different performance.Keywords: Financial Performance; Islamic Banks; Camels Method
Summer chiropteran community in the Sergievka Park with the unique dominance of Pipistrellus nathusii on the northern periphery of its distribution range
Authors: Belkin Vladimir V. , Ilyukha Viktor A. , Chistyakov Dmitry V. , Fyodorov Fyodor V. , Lyapunov Andrey N. , Khizhkin Eugeny A. 
Published: August 2024

The study of species on the periphery of their ranges is especially relevant for long-term research in protected areas. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that Pipistrellus nathusii on the northern periphery of its range has a clumped distribution with long-term viable breeding centres. The species composition and relative abundance of bats in the park were determined through capturing them with mist nets during the 1997–1998 and 2020–2022 survey periods. Within the 2nd survey period the use of an ultrasonic detector was additionally involved. Stability of the bat species composition in the protected area and a significant difference in the relative abundance between the surveys were revealed (χ2 = 47.31, p < 0.05). During both periods, the bat community in the park exhibited a pronounced dominance of P. nathusii and stable values of its relative abundance (40.7 and 44.2%, respectively). Perennial nursery colonies of Myotis daubentonii, Nyctalus noctula, and P. nathusii have been discovered in the park, which are arguably among the northernmost findings (59.89° N, 29.88° E) in European Russia. The catch rate (6.3 bats per net-night) and acoustic activity of the Chiroptera (16.6 active minutes per detector-hour) on the pond was significantly higher than on the alley and glade. This pattern is typical for all frequently recorded bat species – P. nathusii, N. noctula and Eptesicus nilssonii. According to the results of multiple analysis of variance, the effect of species on acoustic activity was the greatest (η = 24.59%, F = 15.52, p < 0.001). The impact of the habitat and the time since sunset, as well as the pairwise combined impact of these three factors, was also significant and reliable. The sizes of the nursery colonies were determined, which in P. nathusii were record high for the northern periphery of the breeding range, 212 individuals. Evening departures of P. nathusii from the nursery colony on the alley were characterized by their beginning before sunset, and from the nursery colony in the glade after sunset. The intensity of P. nathusii departure from the colony in the forest part of the park is significantly higher (5.3 bats/ min) than in the glade (1.4 bats/min). The fact that large nursery colonies of P. nathusii have existed for decades locally at 60° N latitude suggests the species may have a wider distribution in Eastern Fennoscandia in transformed areas containing old trees.
Keywords: bats; South-Eastern Fennoscandia; relative abundance; nursery colonies; acoustic activity; circadian rhythms
Quality of Life, Treatment Seeking Pathways and Out of Pocket Expenditure of parents with children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in South Delhi
Authors: Islam Farzana , Abdul Salam Afrah Saleef , Gautam Richa , Kashyap Varun , Roy Sushovan 
Published: August 2024

Background: Autism is a neurodevelopment disorder requiring continuous preventive, curative and rehabilitative management of child. Taking care of these children leads to parents face various challenges. Lack of awareness, associated stigma, misdiagnosis, inappropriate management impacts parents' lives in various aspects. Objectives: To assess quality of life of the parents of ASD children, find out various treatment-seeking pathways adopted by them, and estimate out-of-pocket expenditure for childcare. Methodology: Cross-sectional mixed method study was conducted for assessment of quality of life of parents (WHO-QOL BREF), out-of-pocket expenditure, treatment-seeking pathways opted by parents for ASD management. Results: Quality of life of parents were found to be affected in various domains, however psychological domain was most influenced. Age of parents had an impact on social domain. Delays in the identification of symptoms, confirmation of diagnosis, Lack of availability of treatment services, and non-integration of rehabilitative services were major loopholes in the treatment seeking. The median out-of-pocket expenditure was 16% of monthly family income. Conclusion & recommendation: Community awareness, medical fraternity sensitization, integration of all services for management and rehabilitation are keys towards better quality of life for parents. Financial support through health programs, NGOs, or insurance is a much-needed reform to reduce catastrophic health expenditure.
atual contexto da vacinação no Brasil
Authors: Mendonça A. S. , Silva D. S. R. , Alves E. F. , Cândido F. D. C. , Leite R. L. , Lourenço T. A. E. , Souza M. C. 
Published: August 2024

Saúde está na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, de 1948. Esta pode ser definida como bem-estar físico, social e mental. No Brasil, o direito à saúde foi implementado com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde pela Constituição Federal de 1988, cujo artigo 196 dispõe que “A saúde é direito de todos e dever do Estado, garantido mediante políticas sociais e econômicas que visem à redução do risco de doença e de outros agravos e ao acesso universal e igualitário às ações e serviços para a promoção, proteção e recuperação”. Assim, direito à saúde não se restringe apenas a poder ser atendido no hospital ou em unidades básicas, mas também inclui campanhas e distribuição de vacinação no processo de promoção de saúde. A vacinação é uma imunização ativa (obtida quando o próprio sistema imune do indivíduo, ao entrar em contato com uma substância estranha ao organismo responde, produzindo anticorpos e células imune) e artificial (não teve contato do indivíduo com o ambiente, foi forçada). Ela tem se mostrado uma das intervenções mais bem-sucedidas e custo-efetivas, promovendo mudanças significativas no perfil epidemiológico em todo o mundo. A desconfiança pública em relação à vacinação tem longa história, mas medos infundados agora se espalham rapidamente por conta das mídias sociais, dessa forma, a população acaba não separando informações baseadas em evidências de alegações falsas, sendo um dos motivos pelo qual a vacinação vem diminuindo nos últimos anos. Porém, conforme resumido pela Academia Nacional de Medicina, grandes ensaios clínicos e numerosos estudos observacionais refutaram definitivamente qualquer conexão entre vacinas e autismo, sendo essa, a principal notícia falsa que assusta os pais. O trabalho teve como objetivo coletar dados e relacioná-los para avalia o número de vacinação no Brasil com o passar dos anos. Para tanto, foram feitas pesquisas na base de dados Pubmed utilizando os descritores “vaccine” e “refuse”, consultados no MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) para a certificação das palavras-chaves, além de dados coletados na plataforma DataSUS e IBGE para analisá-los. A partir dos dados, percebe-se que o número de óbitos de 0 a 4 anos vem reduzindo, o número de nascidos vivos mantendo uma média, com poucas variações e o número de vacinações vem tendo uma queda significativa, assim, percebe-se que apesar da quantidade de crianças se manter, o número de doses de vacinas tomadas tem diminuído, mostrando uma redução na adesão às campanhas. Conclui-se, então, que devem ser adotadas novas táticas para melhorar as campanhas e as divulgações a fim de acabar com as notícias falsas e aumentar o número de vacinações.
Meningite
Authors: Silva L. A. F. , Silva L. S. P. , Faria C. S. P. , Pinto C. S. P. 
Published: August 2024

Meningite expressa a inflamação das meninges, por diversos agentes infecciosos, como bactérias, vírus e fungos, dentre outros, e agentes não-infecciosos como o traumatismo. As bacterianas e virais, são as mais importantes do ponto de vista da saúde pública, pela magnitude de sua ocorrência e potencial de produzir surtos. Independente da origem a notificação é compulsória devido à alta transmissão e taxa de mortalidade. A susceptibilidade é geral, mas o risco de adoecer declina com a idade. O grupo de menores de 5 anos é o mais vulnerável. Os neonatos raramente adoecem, em virtude da proteção conferida pelos anticorpos maternos. Esta imunidade vai declinando até os 3 meses de idade, com o consequente aumento da susceptibilidade. Analisar o perfil de meningites no Brasil nos últimos cinco anos entre pacientes menores de 1 ano a 14 anos. Estudo transversal e descritivo através de dados do DATASUS, no período entre 2014 e 2018, utilizando as variáveis: região, sexo, faixa etária, ano, valor total, internações, valor médio internação, média permanência e taxa de mortalidade. Aproximadamente 38 mil pacientes foram diagnosticados nos últimos 5 anos no Brasil, possuindo ascensão de casos com 2017 sendo o de maior volume, a faixa mais acometida foi menor de 1 ano a 14 anos (50% do total), desses, o perfil mais acometido, menores de 1 ano a 4 anos (30% do total), masculino (1,3:1), branco. Do público analisado, 52% tiveram meningite de origem bacteriana que acometeu mais menores de 1 ano, contra 45,7% de origem viral que acometeu mais pacientes entre 1 a 4 anos. 97% de todos os atendimentos foram de urgência. A taxa de mortalidade média foi de 3,5%, entretanto, menores de 1 anos possuem a maior com 4,31%. A média do tempo de internação foi de 8,4 dias, sendo os menores de 1 ano a maior com 10,4 dias. Gastou-se com serviços hospitalares mais de 27 milhões. Mesmo 2017 tendo o maior índice, o número de casos vem aumentando com os anos, principalmente entre os menores de 1 ano que são os mais acometidos por meningite no geral e principalmente de origem bacteriana, sendo também o perfil de maior taxa de mortalidade e permanência internado. O valor investido nos últimos 5 anos aumentou de forma significativa justificado pelo aumento da incidência nesse período. Não foi possível estabelecer relação com a taxa de vacinação por falta de dados.