bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of eSource Direct Data Capture in Investigator-Initiated Clinical Trials in Oncology
Authors: Yaegashi Hiroko , Hayashi Yukikazu , Takeda Makoto , Chiu Shih-Wei , Nakayama Haruhiko , Ito Hiroyuki , Takano Atsushi , Tsuboi Masahiro , Teramoto Koji , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kato Tatsuya , Yasui Hiroshi , Nagamura Fumitaka , Daigo Yataro , Yamaguchi Takuhiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Clinical trials have become larger and more complex. Thus, eSource should be used to enhance efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the multisite implementation of eSource direct data capture (DDC), which we define as eCRFs for direct data entry in this study, on efficiency by analyzing data from a single investigator-initiated clinical trial in oncology.

Methods
Operational data associated with the targeted study conducted in Japan was used to analyze time from data occurrence to data entry and data finalization, and number of visits to the site and time spent at the site by clinical research associates (CRAs). Additionally, simulations were performed on the change in hours at the clinical sites during the implementation of eSource DDC.

Results
No difference in time from data occurrence to data entry was observed between the DDC and the transcribed data fields. However, the DDC fields could be finalized 4 days earlier than the non-DDC fields. Additionally, although no difference was observed in the number of visits for source data verification (SDV) by CRAs, a comparison among sites that introduced eSource DDC and those that did not showed that the time spent at the site for SDV was reduced. Furthermore, the simulation results indicated that even a small amount of data to be collected or a small percentage of DDC-capable items may lead to greater efficiency when the number of subjects per site is significant.

Conclusions
The implementation of eSource DDC may enhance efficiency depending on the study framework and type and number of items to be collected.
Exploring Behaviour Change of Healthcare Professionals while Implementing a Complex Nursing Intervention: A Survey Study
Authors: Jordens Y. J. , Ettema R. G. A. , Van Limpt G. J. C. , Bleijenberg N. , Schuurmans M. J. , Schoonhoven L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study we explore the change in behaviour in terms of capability, opportunity and motivation of all healthcare professionals involved in the implementation of the complex nursing intervention PREDOCS in twelve cardiac surgery centres in the Netherlands. A multicentre survey in twelve Dutch cardiac surgery centres, implementing a complex nursing intervention: the PREDOCS consultation. Convenience samples of involved healthcare professionals completed the questionnaire, in 2018 (n = 92) and 2019 (n = 73). The COM-B-QP questionnaire based on COM-B items, MIDI items and open fields was developed and adapted to context-specific factors of every participating hospital. Depending on their role, participants rated their level of agreement with 14–26 predefined statements. The median and interquartile range and the difference/delta in medians at two-time points were calculated. At both moments in time, high scores were identified with no significant difference in five COM-B items: psychological capability, physical and social opportunity and reflective and automatic motivation. Professionals were generally well informed about the PREDOCS consultation and the PREDOCS consultation fits within their current work and profession. Staff shortages, staff turnover and insufficient insight into the effect were reported as reasons that hindered further implementation. We measured no significant change in the behaviour of healthcare professionals over time. It is unclear to what extent staff shortages, staff turnover and insufficient insight into effect influenced behaviour. Given the complexity of implementation, repeated monitoring of behaviour seems useful, so that continuous adjustment of the implementation strategy can take place.
Removal of lead in water by potassium hydroxide-activated biochar developed from Syzygium cumini stem
Authors: Sharma Prabhakar , Abhilasha  , Abhishek Kumar , Bhattacharya Sayan , Sengupta Shubhalakshmi , Seth Chandra Shekhar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLead (Pb) contamination in water poses a significant threat to public health across the globe which requires effective remediation strategies. The main objective of this study is to achieve a removal efficiency of Pb(II) ions from aqueous media using activated Syzygium cumini (java plum) stem biochar. It was prepared by slow pyrolysis at 400 °C after treating the biomass with potassium hydroxide for activation. These biochars were characterized thoroughly (SEM, SEM–EDX, TEM, FTIR, XRD, elemental analyses, and SBET) to conduct a set of batch experiments. The effect of several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentrations, and co-existing ions were explored. The decrease in starting lead concentrations from 50 to 10 mg L−1 resulted in improved removal efficiency. The removal effectiveness of activated biochar was 97%, but non-activated biochar was just 19%. Lead adsorption increased considerably as pH increased from 3 to 5. Further, the activated biochar was optimized through various isotherms models, kinetic equations, and thermodynamic analysis. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Temkin isotherms were the best-fitted models that identify the mechanism of chemisorption and monolayer sorption. According to this study, activated biochar is a promising biosorbent for removing lead from an aqueous solution.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluating the St. George’s respiratory questionnaire in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a systematic review with meta-analysis of psychometric properties using COSMIN
Authors: Mohamed Rowida , Mbous Yves Paul Vincent , Kamal Khalid M. , LeMasters Traci J. , Rudisill Toni Marie , Sangani Rahul G. , Wen Sijin , Scott Virginia G. , Kelley George A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and its idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) version (SGRQ-I) are widely used to assess health-related quality of life in IPF. However, the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in the IPF population have not been thoroughly evaluated. This systematic review assessed and summarized the available evidence on the psychometric properties of the SGRQ and SGRQ-I in IPF patients.

Methods
Seven electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. The eligibility criteria included full-text studies focusing on the psychometric properties of the SGRQ and SGRQ-I in patients with IPF. The risk of bias, criteria for good measurement properties, and strength of evidence were assessed based on the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN). The inverse-variance heterogeneity (IVhet) model was used to pool results for construct validity.

Results
A total of 24 studies were included; 19 assessed the psychometric properties of the SGRQ, and seven evaluated the SGRQ-I. Structural validity was assessed in one study for the SGRQ-I. Most domains of the SGRQ and SGRQ-I, except for the symptom domain of the SGRQ, had acceptable internal consistency. Both questionnaires demonstrated adequate test–retest reliability, known-groups validity, and responsiveness. Regarding construct validity, there were moderate to strong correlations with respiratory-specific measures, yet weaker correlations were observed with pulmonary function tests. Interpretability analysis revealed minor floor and ceiling effects.

Conclusion
The SGRQ and SGRQ-I have the potential to capture essential dimensions of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in IPF. However, further research should focus on ensuring that the items and domains of these questionnaires truly reflect the unique challenges and experiences faced by patients with IPF through content validity studies.
On Common Borel Direction of Entire Function f and Its q-Difference Operator
Authors: Qin Zhigao , Long Jianren , Wang Ling 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The common Borel direction of entire function f(z) and its q-difference operator is studied by using Nevanlinna theory. Some conditions of the existence of common Borel direction for entire function f(z) and its q-difference operator are obtained in this paper.
Evolution of heritage and development in Liverpool's waterfront over 40 years
Authors: Hole James , Alsalloum Ataa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe recent delisting of Liverpool’s World Heritage Site has highlighted the adverse impacts of ongoing urban developments on the city’s heritage. This study aims to address the critical question of how Liverpool can safeguard its heritage following the loss of its World Heritage status. As this status withdrawal implies a lack of international policy consideration, it raises important questions: What additional measures should be implemented? How could we reassess Liverpool's heritage in this new context? To tackle these issues, we investigate the changing relationship between safeguarding heritage and urban development on Liverpool Waterfront’s Historic Urban Landscape over the past 40 years. This study analyses the impact of developments on Liverpool’s heritage values, specifically focusing on Integrity, Authenticity, and Outstanding Universal Value. By employing a novel, top-down heritage impact assessment methodology, we evaluate the influence of urban and architectural developments on these values. This methodology is distinguished by its comprehensive comparative analysis of diverse elements drawn from heritage policy documents, spanning both tangible and intangible domains. In addition, we conducted interviews with experts familiar with Liverpool's heritage context to deepen our understanding of developmental impacts. The analysis framework comprises three case study areas and their associated developments: the adaptive reuse of the Albert Dock Complex (1981–1988), the Pier Head Developments (2007–2013), and the Stanley Dock Conservation Area (2021 onwards). The findings indicate that adaptive reuse schemes have been reasonably successful in preserving heritage values, whereas certain urban interventions have had detrimental effects. This study underscores the need for stricter regulations and broader stakeholder involvement to protect Liverpool's heritage. Further research is recommended, incorporating more development case studies and examining successful urban interventions in other heritage cities, to strengthen Liverpool’s heritage safeguarding strategies amidst evolving urban development pressures.
Dopamine-refractory restless arms syndrome: a case report
Authors: Moser Ulrich , Westarp Martin Egon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common neurological disorder characterised by an uncontrollable urge to move the lower limbs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations. It typically occurs in the evening and at night and improves with exercise. Restless arm syndrome (RAS) mainly affects the arms and rarely the legs. RAS appears to be very rare, as very few cases have been described. However, RAS may be underdiagnosed, especially when symptoms are mild or transient. A supportive feature for the diagnosis of Restless legs/arms Syndrome (RLS/RAS) is evidence of successful dopaminergic therapy.

Case report
This report describes the case of a patient with RAS who failed treatment with L-dopa, dopamine agonists and opioids. Only with the administration of gabapentin was it possible to achieve almost complete freedom from symptoms.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of this rare condition, even if treatment with dopaminergic agonists is unsuccessful. A trial of calcium channel 2 ligands may still prove effective.
Differential spatial plasticity response in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) root architecture under water stress is driven by increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers
Authors: Riyaz Ishrat , Shafi Sadiah , Zaffar Aaqif , Wani M. Altaf , Zargar Sajad Majeed , Djanaguiraman M. , Prasad P. V. Vara , Sofi Parvaze A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRoot plasticity enables plants to adapt to spatial and temporal changes in soil resources. In this study, 40 common bean genotypes evaluated for two root and shoot traits under irrigated and water stress. Three genotypes WB-216, WB-N-2, and WB-966 with contrasting plasticity responses were used for in-depth study. Highest positive plasticity for most root traits was found in case of WB-N2 and WB-216, whereas, WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits recorded. In terms of spatial plasticity for root traits in three root length sections, WB-216 was positively plastic for root diameter with progressive decrease from top to bottom sections. WB-N2 had positive plasticity values for root diameter, root surface area and root volume. WB-966 had negative plasticity for all the traits. For WB-216, the root diameter increased under drought in S1 but was almost same in bottom sections. In case of WB-N2, there was increase in root diameter in S2 and S3, but for WB-966, root diameter decreased in all sections. Similar trend was observed in all three genotypes for root surface area and volume. We report that major drivers of spatial plasticity of root architectural traits are increased root diameter, surface area and volume at deeper layers.
New insights into the glacial and relative sea-level history of the western Fraser Lowland based on sediment cores from geotechnical drilling for the Evergreen Tunnel, British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Jackson Lionel E. , Ward Brent C. , Hicock Stephen R. , Gromig Raphael , Clague John J. , Turner Derek G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeotechnical drilling for a tunnel between Port Moody and Burnaby, BC, Canada, uncovered a buried fjord. Its sedimentary fill has a thickness of at least 130 m and extends more than 37 m below present mean sea level. Recovered sediments record cyclical growth and decay of successive Cordilleran ice sheets. The oldest sediments comprise 58 m of almost stoneless silt conformably overlying ice-proximal sediments and till, which in turn overlie bedrock. These sediments may predate Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. Glacial sediments assigned to MIS 4 overlie this basal succession and, in turn, are overlain by MIS 3 interstadial sediments and sediments from two MIS 2 glacial advances. Indicators of relative sea-level elevations that bracket glacial deposits of MIS 4 and 2 indicate the cyclic existence of moat-like isostatic depressions in the front of expanding ice sheets. Compared with present sea level, these depressions were at least 160 m during the onsets of MIS 4 and MIS 2. Assuming a maximum eustatic drawdown of 120 m during MIS 2, isostatic depression may have exceeded 200 m during retreat of glacial ice from the Evergreen tunnel area. This is consistent with region-specific low mantle viscosity and rapid Cordilleran Ice Sheet buildup and wasting.
Experiences of patient organizations’ involvement in medicine appraisal and reimbursement processes in Finland – a qualitative study
Authors: Tran Minh Mirjami , Airaksinen Marja , Lahti Tuuli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigated how patient representatives have experienced their involvement in medicines appraisal and reimbursement processes with the Council for Choices in Health Care in Finland (COHERE) and the Pharmaceuticals Pricing Board (PPB) and how authorities perceive the role of patient organizations’ input.

Methods
Semi-structured thematic individual and pair interviews were conducted in 2021 with representatives (n = 14) of patient organizations and government officials (n = 7) of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health. The interview data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis.

Results
Patient representatives expressed their appreciation for the PPB and the COHERE in creating consultation processes and systematic models that support involvement. However, there were many challenges: patient representatives were uncertain about how their submissions were utilized in official processes and whether their opinions had any significance in decision-making. Patients or patient organizations lack representation in appraisal and decision-making bodies, and patient representatives felt that decision-making lacked transparency. The importance of patient involvement was highlighted by the authorities, but they also emphasized that the patient organizations’ contributions were complementary to the other materials. Submissions regarding the medications used to treat rare diseases and those with limited research evidence were considered particularly valuable. However, the submissions may not necessarily have a direct impact on decisions.

Conclusions
The interviews provided relevant input for the development of involvement processes at the PPB and COHERE. The interviews confirmed the need for increased transparency in the medicines assessment, appraisal, and decision-making procedures in Finland.
Characteristics of the Fault Damage Zone From High‐Resolution Seismic Imaging Along the Palos Verdes Fault, California
Authors: Alongi Travis , Brodsky Emily E. , Kluesner Jared , Brothers Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe distribution and intensity of fault damage zones provides insight into fault activity and its relationship to fluid flow in the crust. Presently, measures of the in‐situ distribution of fault damage remain limited and along‐strike studies are rare. This study focuses on an offshore section Palos Verdes Fault damage zone that spans 28 km, near Los Angeles, California. To investigate the previously unresolved shallow (∼400 m below the seafloor) fault damage zone we use densely spaced (∼500 m line separation) newly collected sparker multichannel seismic lines and sub‐bottom profiles. The combination of high‐resolution acquisition methods and specialized seismic processing workflows provide improved imaging of shallow faulting. We apply a multi‐trace similarity technique to identify discontinuities in the seismic data that may be attributed to faults and fractures. This fault detection approach reveals diverse fault damage patterns on adjacent seismic profiles. However, a discernible damage zone pattern emerges by stacking multiple damage detection profiles along strike. We find that peak damage identified in this way corresponds to the active main fault strand, confirmed in this study, and thus the technique may be useful for identifying active fault strands elsewhere. Additionally, we observe that the variable width of the damage zone along strike is controlled by fault obliquity. Furthermore, our observations reveal a correlation between fault damage and seafloor fluid seeps visible in the water column, suggesting that damage plays a role in controlling fluid flow around the fault.
Energetic Proton Losses Reveal Io's Extended and Longitudinally Asymmetrical Atmosphere
Authors: Huybrighs H. L. F. , van Buchem C. P. A. , Blöcker A. , Dols V. , Bowers C. F. , Jackman C. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlong the I24, I27, and I31 flybys of Io (1999–2001), the Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) onboard the Galileo spacecraft observed localized regions of energetic protons losses (155–1,250 keV). Using back‐tracking particle simulations combined with a prescribed atmospheric distribution and a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) model of the plasma/atmosphere interaction, we investigate the possible causes of these depletions. We focus on a limited region within two Io radii, which is dominated by Io's SO2 atmosphere. Our results show that charge exchange of protons with the SO2 atmosphere, absorption by the surface and the configuration of the electromagnetic field contribute to the observed proton depletion along the Galileo flybys. In the 155–240 keV energy range, charge exchange is either a major or the dominant loss process, depending on the flyby altitude. In the 540–1,250 keV range, as the charge exchange cross sections are small, the observed decrease of the proton flux is attributed to absorption by the surface and the perturbed electromagnetic fields, which divert the protons away from the detector. From a comparison between the modeled losses and the data we find indications of an extended atmosphere on the day/downstream side of Io, a lack of atmospheric collapse on the night/upstream side as well as a more global extended atmospheric component (>1 Io radius). Our results demonstrate that observations and modeling of proton depletion around the moon constitute an important tool to constrain the electromagnetic field configuration around Io and the radial and longitudinal atmospheric distribution, which is still poorly understood.
Reduced‐Order Modeling for Linearized Representations of Microphysical Process Rates
Authors: Lamb K. D. , van Lier‐Walqui M. , Santos S. , Morrison H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRepresenting cloud microphysical processes in large scale atmospheric models is challenging because many processes depend on the details of the droplet size distribution (DSD, the spectrum of droplets with different sizes in a cloud). While full or partial statistical moments of droplet size distributions are the typical variables used in bulk models, prognostic moments are limited in their ability to represent microphysical processes across the range of conditions experienced in the atmosphere. Microphysical parameterizations employing prognostic moments are known to suffer from structural uncertainty in their representations of inherently higher dimensional cloud processes, which limit model fidelity and lead to forecasting errors. Here we investigate how data‐driven reduced‐order modeling can be used to learn predictors for microphysical process rates in bulk microphysics schemes in an unsupervised manner from higher dimensional bin distributions. Using simulations characteristic of marine stratiform clouds, we simultaneously learn lower dimensional representations of droplet size distributions and predict the evolution of the microphysical state of the system. Droplet collision‐coalescence, the main process for generating warm rain, is estimated to have an intrinsic dimension of three. This intrinsic dimension provides a lower limit on the number of degrees of freedom needed to accurately represent collision‐coalescence in models. We demonstrate how deep learning based reduced‐order modeling can be used to discover intrinsic coordinates describing the microphysical state of the system, where process rates such as collision‐coalescence are globally linearized. These implicitly learned representations of the DSD retain more information about the DSD than typical moment‐based representations.