bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary varicosis and venous malformation in the genital area
Authors: Faerber G. , Weber J. , Loose D. A. 
Published: September 2013

ZusammenfassungDie Pathogenese der primären Varikose und besonders auch der congenitalen vaskulären Malformationen im Genitalbereich ist bestimmt durch hämodynamische und hormonelle Faktoren. Sowohl eine primäre Varikose als auch eine sekundäre Varikose bei Gonadalveneninsuffizienz können zu ausgedehnten Vulvavarikositäten mit erheblichen Stauungsbeschwerden führen (Pelvines Stauungssyndrom).Congenitale venöse Malformationen im Genitalbereich treten sowohl isoliert als auch in Verbindung mit venösen Malformationen der benachbarten Regionen auf und sollten so früh wie möglich behandelt werden. Entsprechend sind in den vergangenen Jahren unterschiedliche Behandlungstaktiken erarbeitet worden, wobei aktuell nach der interventionell radiologischen Okklusionsbehandlung der Gonadalveneninsuffizienz die Sklerotherapie der Vulvavarikositäten primär oder in Ergänzung mit der gefäßchirurgischen Extirpation der Venektasien zu empfehlen ist. Das betrifft auch die venösen Malformationen im Genitalbereich.
Pulping-tailored fiber properties from a novel Brazilian Eucalyptus hybrid
Authors: Muguet Marcelo Coelho dos Santos , Gomes Fernando José Borges , Ruuttunen Kyösti , Johansson Leena-Sisko , Jääskeläinen Anna-Stiina , Colodette Jorge Luiz , Vuorinen Tapani 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The chemical composition and morphology of pulp fibers have a significant impact on the properties of fiber products. Pulp samples from a novel unique Eucalyptus triple hybrid [Eucalyptus grandis × (Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus globulus)] were obtained by various pulping processes – kraft, soda-anthraquinone (NaOH-AQ), and thermomechanical pulping (TMP). The chemical composition of the fiber surfaces was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface lignin content of NaOH-AQ pulp fibers was lower than that of the kraft counterpart. However, kraft pulp handsheets showed better physical and mechanical properties. XPS data strongly suggests that together with the pulp bulk chemical composition the xylan is more abundant on the surface of kraft fibers, which is reflected on their better mechanical properties. Moreover, the relatively low surface lignin content in TMP pulp compared to wood suggests that defibration takes place in the secondary wall, where lignin is less concentrated.
Faith Healing, Medical Regulation, and Public Religion in Progressive Era Chicago
Authors: Gloege Timothy E. W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis essay examines a six-year campaign against the radical faith healer John Alexander Dowie mounted in the 1890s by Chicago doctors, public health officials, and their “respectable” middle-class allies. The incident demonstrates the important role of religion in the process of medical professionalization. Medical professionals established cultural authority by aligning themselves with a broader discourse of “orthodoxy”—an ill-defined set of beliefs and practices thought necessary to maintain social order. Protestants used this discourse both to exclude outsiders and unite elites across denominational lines. An initial attempt to prosecute Dowie based on legalistic claims of practicing medicine without a license led to a backlash against medical professionals by middle-class Protestants who believed it compromised the integrity of religious liberty. This suggests that the growing efficacy of medical advances was an insufficient basis of social authority. Only when medical professionals self-consciously aligned themselves with the Protestant establishment and portrayed themselves as defenders of the social order (focused especially on the integrity of the family) were they able to rally the middle classes to their cause. This shift in rhetoric was an important step in the process of creating a discourse of “orthodox” medicine. It helped grant medical professionals the right to oversee the public body just as elite Protestants superintended its soul.
Double blow: Alien crayfish infected with invasive temnocephalan in South African waters
Authors: Du Preez Louis , Smit Nico 
Published: September 2013

Trade in live, freshwater crayfish for ornamental markets, as well as for aquaculture, has grown rapidly and has become the major pathway for the introduction of non-indigenous crayfish species to several countries worldwide. Here we report on the first record of the Australian ‘redclaw’ Cherax quadracarinatus in the natural waters of a game reserve in South Africa. To compound the situation, these redclaw crayfish were infected with a non-indigenous temnocephalan flatworm parasite. Both crayfish and temnocephalan were in full breeding condition, with young. Further spreading of this crayfish to the subtropical, water-rich, northern KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa and southern Mozambique is predicted. Not only might the crayfish compete with indigenous aquatic invertebrates but the non-host-specific temnocephalan might transfer to local decapods, such as freshwater crabs.
Survivability of TiO2nanotubes on the surface of bone screws
Authors: Friedrich Craig R. , Kolati Madhu , Moser Trevor , Sukotjo Cortino , Shokuhfar Tolou 
Published: September 2013

Modifying surface chemistry and/or surface topography is considered to be a traditional way of optimizing bone-implant integration (osseointegration) for improved bone bonding. The previous results have shown enhanced in vitro osteoblast cell density on titania nanotube–covered surfaces compared with bare titanium surfaces. However, for titania nanotubes to be considered as a candidate surface modification for titanium implants, they must survive load-bearing conditions. The authors investigated the structural survivability of nanotubes on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V-ELI (extra low interstitials) cancellous bone screws subjected to insertion and removal using bone simulant. Measuring the torque during insertion in bone simulant was performed to provide input loads to a finite element model to predict the survivability of the titania nanotubes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the nanotube morphology before and after the insertion and removal tests. A finite element model using experimental insertion torque data estimated the maximum von-Mises stress in the titanium oxide nanotubes. The model predicted that the maximum von-Mises stress in the nanotubes due to combined compression and shear loading is well below the yield failure. Scanning electron microscopy observation confirmed the presence and survivability of the nanotubes after being subjected to multiple insertions and removals of the screws.
Composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracts of Eryngium palmatum Pančić and Vis. (Apiaceae)
Authors: Marčetić Mirjana , Petrović Silvana , Milenković Marina , Niketić Marjan 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Eryngium palmatum, an endemic plant species from the Balkan Peninsula, were investigated. The flavonoids apigenin (9.5±0.3 mg g−1) and apigenin 7-O-glucoside (2.4±0.1 mg g−1) were determined in a methanol extract of aerial parts using HPLC analysis. The methanol extract of roots contained catechin (5.0±0.1 mg g−1), epicatechin (2.9±0.1 mg g−1), chlorogenic acid (1.6±0.0 mg g−1), gallic acid (0.9±0.0 mg g−1) and rosmarinic acid (0.9±0.2 mg g−1). GC-FID and GCMS analysis of a chloroform extract of aerial parts showed that the main volatile constituents were falcarinol, linoleic acid, hexadecanoic acid and methyl linoleate (comprising 32.6%; 24.4%; 19.9; 13.2% of the volatile fraction, respectively), while octanoic acid, tetradecanol and dodecanol dominated in the chloroform extract of the roots (34.9%; 25.8%; 22.2% of the volatile fraction, respectively). Investigation of antimicrobial activity by broth microdilution showed that the methanol and chloroform extracts of aerial parts and roots exerted a significant effect (MIC 3.5–15.6 μg mL−1) against tested Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The methanol extracts of aerial parts or roots exerted moderate ferric reducing antioxidant power, DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity.
Effects of nitrogen on growth and carbohydrate formation in Porphyridium cruentum
Authors: Razaghi Ali , Godhe Anna , Albers Eva 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The microalga Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) has several industrial and pharmaceutical uses, especially for its polysaccharide production. This study aimed to investigate the influence of nitrogen levels as reflected by altered N:P ratios on the production and content of biomass and carbohydrate. N:P molar ratios were altered in batch cultures to range from 1.6 to 50 using the Redfield ratio of 1:16 as reference. Algal growth (estimated as final cell number, biomass concentration and maximum specific growth rate) was negatively affected at low N:P ratios. The optimal N:P ratio for growth was identified at 35–50, with specific growth rates of 0.19 day−1 and maximum cell concentrations of 59·108 cells L−1 and 1.2 g dry weight of biomass L−1. In addition, variation in cell size was seen. Cells with larger diameters were at higher N:P ratios and smaller cells at lower ratios. The cellular carbohydrate content increased under reduced nitrogen availability. However, because accumulation was moderate at the lowest N:P ratio, 0.4 g per g dry weight biomass compared to 0.24 at the Redfield ratio of 16:1, conditions for increased total carbohydrate formation were identified at the N:P ratios optimal for growth. Additionally, carbohydrates were largely accumulated in late exponential to stationary phase.
Impact of the genes UGT1A1, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTA1, GSTP1 and NAT2 on acute alcohol-toxic hepatitis
Authors: Piekuse Linda , Lace Baiba , Kreile Madara , Sadovska Lilite , Kempa Inga , Daneberga Zanda , Mičule Ieva , Sondore Valentina , Keiss Jazeps , Krumina Astrida 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Alcohol metabolism causes cellular damage by changing the redox status of cells. In this study, we investigated the relationship between genetic markers in genes coding for enzymes involved in cellular redox stabilization and their potential role in the clinical outcome of acute alcohol-induced hepatitis. Study subjects comprised 60 patients with acute alcohol-induced hepatitis. The control group consisted of 122 healthy non-related individuals. Eight genetic markers of the genes UGT1A1, GSTA1, GSTP1, NAT2, GSTT1 and GSTM1 were genotyped. GSTT1 null genotype was identified as a risk allele for alcohol-toxic hepatitis progression (OR 2.146, P=0.013). It was also found to correlate negatively with the level of prothrombin (β= −11.05, P=0.037) and positively with hyaluronic acid (β=170.4, P=0.014). NAT2 gene alleles rs1799929 and rs1799930 showed opposing associations with the activity of the biochemical markers γ-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase; rs1799929 was negatively correlated with γ-glutamyltransferase (β=−261.3, P=0.018) and alkaline phosphatase (β= −270.5, P=0.032), whereas rs1799930 was positively correlated with Γ-glutamyltransferase (β=325.8, P=0.011) and alkaline phosphatase (β=374.8, P=0.011). Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase family and NAT2 enzyme play an important role in the detoxification process in the liver and demonstrate an impact on the clinical outcome of acute alcohol-induced hepatitis.
Characterization of lipopolysaccharide transport protein complex
Authors: Xiang Quanju , Wang Haiyan , Wang Zhongshan , Zhang Yizheng , Dong Changjiang 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an essential component of the outer membranes (OM) of most Gram-negative bacteria, which plays a crucial role in protection of the bacteria from toxic compounds and harsh conditions. The LPS is biosynthesized at the cytoplasmic side of inner membrane (IM), and then transported across the aqueous periplasmic compartment and assembled correctly at the outer membrane. This process is accomplished by seven LPS transport proteins (LptA-G), but the transport mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we present findings by pull down assays in which the periplasmic component LptA interacts with both the IM complex LptBFGC and the OM complex LptDE in vitro, but not with complex LptBFG. Using purified Lpt proteins, we have successfully reconstituted the seven transport proteins as a complex in vitro. In addition, the LptC may play an essential role in regulating the conformation of LptBFG to secure the lipopolysaccharide from the inner membrane. Our results contribute to the understanding of lipopolysaccharide transport mechanism and will provide a platform to study the detailed mechanism of the LPS transport in vitro.
Reproductive parameters of topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva) from a heated Lake Licheńskie (Poland)
Authors: Záhorská Eva , Kováč Vladimír , Švolíková Kristína , Kapusta Andrzej 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Temperature regime is known to have considerable influence on the life-histories of fish. Topmouth gudgeon is a very successful invader with high biological flexibility and phenotypic plasticity. The flexibility of topmouth gudgeon in a normal thermal regime has been well described, however there has been no information published about how it would cope with extreme conditions, e.g. permanently heated water. Several studies have demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity provides an important advantage to invasive species. To explain their invasion success, the theory of alternative ontogenies and invasive potential has been proposed. The aim of the present study was to examine if the reproductive parameters of a population living in permanently heated water differ from those living in habitats with a normal temperature regime, as well as to test a hypothesis derived from the theory of alternative ontogenies and invasive potential. Over a period of 8 years (2004–2011), a high variation in the reproductive parameters of topmouth gudgeon from Lake Licheńskie was found. With a small exception, all the observed results met the expectations predicted by the hypothesis tested. This indicates that topmouth gudgeon retains high phenotypic plasticity in life-history traits even in a habitat with extreme conditions, which is important for the species’ invasion success.
Pourquoi les femmes gagnent-elles moins que les hommes ?
Authors: Vincent Carole 
Published: September 2013

One of the most important socio-economic changes over the course of the last few decades has been the massive influx of women into the workforce. While men still maintain a higher participation rate in paid work, the gap has diminished over time. Women’s headway in the workforce is closely linked to the remarkable progress they have made in education. But women’s advantage in education does not translate into the wages they receive. While, on average, the gender pay gap has diminished over the last 25 years, women continue to earn less than men, even among younger and better-educated generations. Why is this the case? This synthesis examines the contribution of numerous statistical studies using Statistics Canada’s microdata and shedding light on the relative merits of four hypotheses that have been posited to explain the presence and evolution of the gender wage gap. This synthesis is also available in English on the CRDCN website at www.rdc-cdr.ca .
Grossesse, stress et psychanalyse. Un débat primordial
Authors: Missonnier Sylvain 
Published: September 2013

Au vif de la construction interdisciplinaire des réseaux de prévention et de soins en périnatalité, l’exploration du croisement entre stress et grossesse occupe actuellement une place grandissante. Là où la théorie du stress progresse au quotidien de la rencontre clinique et dans la recherche, la psychopathologie psychanalytique de l’angoisse régresse souvent. Au delà de la polémique, l’auteur s’interroge sur les conditions d’un véritable débat entre les modèles du stress et de l’angoisse dans le contexte périnatal. Dans cet esprit, des « correspondances » cliniques entre ces deux paradigmes sont d’abord envisagées autour de la clinique du diagnostic anténatal et des angoisses de malformation. Secondairement, les théories de la « pensée opératoire » de l’école de psychosomatique de Paris et de la « transparence psychique » de la grossesse de M. Bydlowski sont revisitées à la lumière de cette double perspective. In fine, ce débat s’impose comme un enjeu épistémologique et clinique majeur et invite à un approfondissement interdisciplinaire des « correspondances » ici esquissées.
Comment devient-on mère grâce à un don d'ovocytes ?
Authors: Canneaux Marion , Chabert Catherine , Golse Bernard , Wolf Jean-Philippe , Beauquier-Maccotta Bérengère 
Published: September 2013

Le don d’ovocytes permet à certaines femmes infertiles, ainsi qu’aux femmes souhaitant ne pas prendre le risque de transmettre une maladie génétique, de pouvoir être enceintes et mettre au monde un enfant. Cette technique de l’assistance médicale à la procréation nous invite à nous interroger sur la façon dont ces femmes se préparent à devenir mère. À l’appui des travaux menés sur le don d’ovocytes, nous avons fait l’hypothèse selon laquelle la grossesse est susceptible d’être un temps d’élaboration de l’expérience d’infertilité et du don d’ovocytes. C’est à partir d’entretiens menés auprès de neuf femmes infertiles, rencontrées à 7-8 mois de grossesse, que nous avons dégagé la nature des problématiques psychiques mobilisées par la figure de la donneuse et l’impossibilité de transmettre leur filiation génétique. Nous nous intéresserons aux raisons pour lesquelles la grossesse constitue un temps d’élaboration variable de l’expérience d’infertilité et du don d’ovocytes.
La science parfaite. Savants et savantes chez Poulain de la Barre
Authors: Pellegrin Marie-Frédérique 
Published: September 2013

Le philosophe François Poulain de La Barre (1647-1723) réfléchit aux conditions nécessaires pour fonder une nouvelle science d’inspiration cartésienne. Parfaite et universelle, celle-ci s’oppose au savoir de type scolastique en remettant en question la distinction traditionnelle entre le savant et le vulgaire. Poulain entend démontrer que la véritable réforme de la science suppose une féminisation de ses acteurs. Les femmes se caractérisent en effet par le désir naturel de se comprendre elles-mêmes, or la véritable science se définit justement comme connaissance de soi-même. Elles ont, de plus, une capacité tout aussi naturelle de la diffuser autour d’elles, capacité qui manque à la plupart des hommes. Avec l’émergence de savantes aux côtés des savants, le sage pourra enfin sortir de son statut ambigu d’« esprit fort ».
Abr, a Negative Regulator of Rac, Attenuates Cockroach Allergen–Induced Asthma in a Mouse Model
Authors: Gong Dapeng , Fei Fei , Lim Min , Yu Min , Groffen John , Heisterkamp Nora 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Abr deactivates Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac), a master molecular switch that positively regulates many immune cell functions, by converting it to its GDP-bound conformation. In this article, we report that, in the absence of Abr function, cockroach allergen (CRA)-immunized mice experienced a fatal asthma attack when challenged with CRA. The asthma in abr−/− mice was characterized by increased pulmonary mucus production, elevated serum IgE, and leukocyte airway infiltration. Decreased pulmonary compliance was further documented by increased airway resistance upon methacholine challenge. Peribronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophils, key cells associated with allergic asthma, were increased in abr−/− mice, but adoptive transfer of this cell type from immunized mice to naive controls, followed by CRA challenge, showed that eosinophils are not primarily responsible for differences in airway resistance between controls and abr-null mutants. CD4+ T cell numbers in the airways of CRA-challenged abr−/− mice also were significantly increased compared with controls, as were the Th2 T cell–secreted cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 in total lung. Interestingly, when control and abr−/− CD4+ T cells from CRA-immunized mice were transferred to wild-type animals, airway resistance upon challenge with CRA was significantly higher in mice transplanted with T cells lacking Abr function. CD4+ T cells from CRA-immunized and challenged abr−/− mice contained elevated levels of activated GTP-bound Rac compared with wild-type controls. Functionally, abr−/− CD4+ T cells from CRA-exposed mice showed significantly enhanced chemotaxis toward CCL21. These results identify Abr-regulated CD4+ T cell migration as an important component of severe CRA-evoked allergic asthma in mice.
Avoiding occlusal derangement in facial fractures: An evidence based approach
Authors: Mendonca Derick , Kenkere Deepika 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTFacial fractures with occlusal derangement describe any fracture which directly or indirectly affects the occlusal relationship. Such fractures include dento-alveolar fractures in the maxilla and mandible, midface fractures - Le fort I, II, III and mandible fractures of the symphysis, parasymphysis, body, angle, and condyle. In some of these fractures, the fracture line runs through the dento-alveolar component whereas in others the fracture line is remote from the occlusal plane nevertheless altering the occlusion. The complications that could ensue from the management of maxillofacial fractures are predominantly iatrogenic, and therefore can be avoided if adequate care is exercised by the operating surgeon. This paper does not emphasize on complications arising from any particular technique in the management of maxillofacial fractures but rather discusses complications in general, irrespective of the technique used.
Unfavourable results in temporomandibular joint ankylosis surgery
Authors: Jagannathan Mukund , Munoli Amarnath V. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is a debilitating condition usually afflicting children and young adults. Treatment is surgical, i.e., release of the ankylosed joint/s with or without interposition arthroplasty and correction of secondary deformities (mandibular retrusion and asymmetry) This article deals with identifying potential setbacks in TMJ ankylosis surgery and preventing them.
Unfavourable results following reduction mammoplasty
Authors: Saleem Lakshmi , John Jerry R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTBreast reduction is a common cosmetic surgical procedure. It aims not only at bringing down the size of the breast proportionate to the build of the individual, but also to overcome the discomfort caused by massive, ill-shaped and hanging breasts. The operative procedure has evolved from mere reduction of breast mass to enhanced aesthetic appeal with a minimum of scar load. The selection of technique needs to be individualised. Bilateral breast reduction is done most often. Haematoma, seroma, fat necrosis, skin loss, nipple loss and unsightly, painful scars can be the complications of any procedure on the breast. These may result from errors in judgement, wrong surgical plan and imprecise execution of the plan. Though a surfeit of studies are available on breast reduction, very few dwell upon its complications. The following article is a distillation of three decades of experience of the senior author (L.S.) in reduction mammoplasty. An effort is made to understand the reasons for unfavourable results. To conclude, most complications can be overcome with proper selection of procedure for the given patient and with gentle tissue handling.