bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Different Carbohydrate Supplementation on Marathon for Amateur Runners: A Controlled Trial
Authors: Dai Jiansong , Lv Jiale , Chen Gangrui , Gu Zhongke , Xu Kai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective This study examined the relationship between glycemic changes and marathon performance in amateur runners using Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). It also assessed the impact of different carbohydrate intake strategies on performance.METHODS Continuous glucose monitoring was used to continuously monitor the blood glucose levels of 18 elite amateur runners and 12 sub-elite amateur runners participating in one race. The race performance data were obtained from a sports watch. At the same time, the runners were randomly grouped into 10 in the elite high-carb group, 8 in the elite normal-carb group, 6 in the sub-elite high-carb group, and 6 in the sub-elite normal-carb group. The recharge standard for the high-carb group is 80g/h, and the normal-carb group's is 50g/h.RESULTS Results showed that high-carb intake significantly improved finishing times. While various supplementation methods did not affect segmental speed and blood glucose variations, elite runners maintained a consistent speed, unlike sub-elite runners who saw a decrease in the final 10KM.Conclusion In the marathon, both supplementation schedules ensured energy availability and avoided hypoglycemia; there was no difference in segmental performance between runners in the regular and high Carbohydrate groups, but high Carbohydrate supplementation may have been beneficial to final performance; the higher the level of the runner, the more consistent the speed maintenance, and in the marathon, the more stable the blood glucose in the second half of the race may be beneficial in avoiding the exercise performance Decline.
Chitosan-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterisation and toxicological evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Priscilla Sharine , Venkatasubbu G. Devanand , Mohideen Sahabudeen Sheik 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) is one the most highly sought-after nanomaterials and are prevalent in many consumer products such as personal care products, paints and coatings, and food colouring. However, their pervasive use and high demand are expected to adversely affect organisms and ecosystems. Several articles suggest that surface modification of TiO2 with appropriate materials could mitigate its negative impacts. To facilitate this, we utilised chitosan (CS), a naturally occurring biopolymer, as a coating material to fabricate a biomaterial-based nanocomposite for consumer applications. TiO2 integration into chitosan was analysed using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and SEM. Drosophila was employed as a model organism to assess the toxicity of the coated nanoparticles, aligning with efforts to prevent animal cruelty. The toxicity was analysed in both larvae and adult flies. Variations in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed, implying activation of nanoparticle clearance pathways. Antioxidant enzyme activation is a normal response to the ingestion of xenobiotics. Nonetheless, the cumulative response did not suggest any severe toxicity despite slight changes in antioxidant mechanisms. Our objective, however, is to employ the nanocomposite for dermal uses. Hence, the nanocomposite can be recommended for consumer applications.
Curcumin attenuates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy by up-regulating Sirt3 and inhibiting SOD2 acetylation
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wang Wei , Li Hua-peng , Wang Yao 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce the formation of a type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) model in rats to research the effect of curcumin on diabetic cardiomyopathy. DM rats showed typical diabetic phenotypes such as increased blood glucose and impaired cardiac function. After curcumin treatment, the cardiac dysfunction and the serum levels of the DM rats were improved. At the same time, the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes decreased and the expression of Sirt3 increased. In vitro, H9c2 cells were cultured under high-glucose and high-fat (HG/HF) conditions, leading to cell apoptosis. Curcumin showed beneficial effects against the apoptosis of HG/HF H9c2 cells. However, after transfection of Sirt3-siRNA, the acetylation modification of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) increased, and the anti-apoptotic effect induced by curcumin was eliminated. Our results showed that curcumin could attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by up-regulating Sirt3 and inhibiting SOD2 acetylation.
Comparative Analysis of Response Surface Methodology (Rsm) Method and Taguchi Method: Optimization Hydraulic Ram Pump Performance
Authors: Romelin Chahyani , Zahedi Zahedi , Nusantara Badai Charamsar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Hydraulic ram pumps offer an energy-efficient solution for water lifting, crucial in rural areas with limited electricity access. Comparative analysis using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Taguchi method reveals distinct experimental designs and optimization outcomes. RSM entails 20 experiments, yielding optimal points at Input Height (3 m), Input Length (12 m), and Vacuum Tube Length (120 cm). In contrast, Taguchi employs 9 experiments, with optimal points at Input Height (3 m), Input Length (6 m), and Vacuum Tube Lenght (120 cm). For the equation model, the RSM method shows a complex mathematical equation involving interactions between variables, while the Taguchi method provides a simpler equation. As for the most optimal variable when viewed from the Significant value in both methods in the ANOVA table, it is found that the input height variable is the most significant variable in optimising the response (discharge). A better understanding of these two methods can help the selection of appropriate methods for specific situations, strengthen the understanding of hydram pump performance, and contribute to the development of more efficient and sustainable hydram pump technology.
Examining the Multiscale Effects of Urban Environment on Chronic Diseases: A Case Study of Hypertension in New York City
Authors: Lu Zefeng , Huang Huanchun , Zhang Shuying , Liu Zhifeng , Zhai Wei , Qin Haoming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

With the ongoing process of urbanization, the global issue of chronic diseases is becoming increasingly prominent, with rising incidence rates. This study focuses on hypertension, a typical chronic disease, and analyzes the spatial similarity and dependence of hypertension prevalence and its influencing factors through correlation and spatial autocorrelation analyses. A Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) model is employed to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors affecting hypertension prevalence, providing a deeper understanding of the drivers behind changes in hypertension rates. The results indicate that hypertension prevalence in New York City exhibits significant spatial non-stationarity. Income levels, race, and functional mix are primary influencers. Additionally, factors such as building density, vehicle ownership, and the proportion of Black or African American residents also impact hypertension prevalence to varying degrees and directions. The MGWR model effectively assesses the impact of urban environments on hypertension prevalence and ranks the importance of influencing factors. With an R-squared value of 0.785, the MGWR model, outperforms both Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models in identifying the determinants of hypertension prevalence. This study offers valuable decision-making support for the government in formulating intervention policies and urban planning and design to reduce hypertension incidence.
Application of atomic layer thermopile (ALTP) sensors in organic vapor flows
Authors: Hake Leander , Sundermeier Stephan , Cakievski Leon , Wiesche Stefan aus der , Kaneider Simon , Roediger Tim 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The applicability of hot-wire anemometry (HWA) and atomic layer thermopile sensors (ALTP) for flow measurements in high subsonic air and organic vapor flows was experimentally tested in a case study. Conventional hot-wire probes and an atomic layer thermopile sensor device were placed in free jets of air and the organic vapor Novec 649 which were established in a closed wind tunnel. The fluid Novec 649 consisted of heavy molecules, and it represented real gas flows. The impact of the high density of the organic vapor on the two measurement techniques was assessed. The maximum Mach number was about 0.7 in the experiments, and the turbulent spectra were obtained using the two measurement approaches. The outcome of the case study demonstrated that ALTP sensors can be useful devices for investigating high-speed flows of organic vapors. This makes this measurement approach interesting for aerodynamic investigations of cascades designed for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) turbines.
Leveraging Large Language Models to Construct Feedback from Medical Multiple-Choice Questions
Authors: Tomova Mihaela , Atanet Iván Roselló , Sehy Victoria , Sieg Miriam , März Maren , Mäder Patrick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Exams like the formative Progress Test Medizin can enhance their effectiveness by offering feedback beyond numerical scores. Content-based feedback, which encompasses relevant information from exam questions, can be valuable for students by offering them insight into their performance on the current exam, as well as serving as study aids and tools for revision.Our goal was to utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) in preparing content-based feedback for the Progress Test Medizin and evaluate their effectiveness in this task.We utilize two popular LLMs and conduct a comparative assessment by performing textual similarity on the generated outputs. Furthermore, we study via a survey how medical practitioners and medical educators assess the capabilities of LLMs and perceive the usage of LLMs for the task of generating content-based feedback for PTM exams.Our findings show that both examined LLMs performed similarly. Both have their own advantages and disadvantages. Our survey results indicate that one LLM produces slightly better outputs; however, this comes at a cost since it is a paid service, while the other is free to use. Overall, medical practitioners and educators who participated in the survey find the generated feedback relevant and useful, and they are open to using LLMs for such tasks in the future.We conclude that while the content-based feedback generated by the LLM may not be perfect, it nevertheless can be considered a valuable addition to the numerical feedback currently provided.
Agricultural Imagination: What if Kenya allocates 10% of its arable land to rice production?
Authors: Uma Apollo , Okello Dickson , Opondo Florence 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Rice contributes significantly to food security, employment and increased income among many households. The demand and consumption of rice in Kenya have greatly widened due to rapid population growth and shift away from maize due to climate change impacts. Unfortunately, the increase in consumption is not commensurate to increase in crop productivity and land area. As a result, Kenya is compelled to import 90% of milled rice to cater for domestic demand. As a way to alleviate this, an imagination about increasing total land area under rice production to 10% of the total national arable land was considered in this study. A systematic review was conducted following thePRISMA guidelines. The aim of the review was to establish the suitability of different areas for rice production, possibilities of import substitution, increased production, impact of rice production on employment and the milling industry. Literature was accessed from various databases with only 26 studies selected for inclusion in the study. The study revealed that over 40% of the areas in Kenya are moderately suitable for rice production. Moderate areas yield 5.7% less than highly suitable areas. Allocating 10% of moderately suitable land to rice production has the potential of yielding 1,815,000 MT of rice annually. Rice imports can be fully substituted in the initial periods and more than a million jobs can be created. The Kenyan government should develop policies that would enhance the utilization of arable land to increase rice production.
Synergistic Enhancement of Electrochemical Alcohol Oxidation by Combining NiV-Layerd Double Hydroxide with an Aminoxyl Radical
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Li Suiqin , Wang Shibin , Wang Yuhang , He Jiahui , Li Kai , Gerken James , Stahl Shannon , Zhong Xing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Electrochemical alcohol oxidation (EAO) is a compelling method for producing high-value carbonyl products. However, its industrial viability is hindered by suboptimal efficiency stemming from low reaction rates. Herein, we present a novel synergistic electrocatalysis approach that integrates an active electrode and aminoxyl radical to enhance the performance of EAO. The optimal aminoxyl radical (4-acetamido-TEMPO, ACT) and Ni0.67V0.33-layered double hydroxide (LDH) were screened as cooperative electrocatalysts by integrating theoretical predictions and experiments. The Ni0.67V0.33-LDH facilitates ACTH adsorption and activation via ketonic oxygen interactions, thereby enhancing selectivity and yield at high current densities. The electrolysis was scaled to demonstrate a 200 g synthesis of the steroid carbonyl product 8b resulted in a 91% yield and a productivity of 243 g/h. These results represent a promising method for accelerating electron transfer to enhance alcohol oxidation, highlighting its potential for practical electrosynthesis applications.
An effective simulation scheme for the prediction of aerodynamic environment under hypersonic conditions characterized by NACA0012
Authors: Ding Fangli , Yang Lu 
Published: August 2024

Currently, aerodynamic environment prediction research into scramjet-propelled vehicles characterized by NACA0012 under hypersonic conditions is relatively sparse. Two-dimensional external flow field models are established, and then through validation tests, we perform a systematic investigation between simulation parameters and prediction accuracy, and an effective aerodynamic environment prediction simulation scheme under hypersonic conditions is proposed. Unlike under incompressible conditions, the maximum accuracy decline could be attributed to the inappropriate choice of the sharp trailing edge modeling method, but the definition formula is still preferred. In particular, for the two modeling data point sources, Airfoil tools and NACA4, the numerical performance of the latter is better than the former, and the calculation accuracy negatively correlates with the number of data points offered by both of them. Moreover, for the mesh cells near the shock, the cell Reynolds number and aspect ratio values should be no smaller than 16 and not exceed 380, respectively, and the recommended values for the far field distance, the turbulence model and flux type are 16L, Spalart-Allmaras, and ROE flux type. Under hypersonic conditions, the aerodynamic environment characterized by NACA0012 predicts a maximum temperature of approximately 1856.85 °C, with an average temperature change rate of 77 °C/s. Meanwhile, the top sound pressure level and the vibration acceleration could reach up to 145 dB and 182 g, respectively.
Analisis Keruntuhan Bendungan Saradan Dengan Program HEC-RAS Berbasis INASAFE
Authors: - Muhammad Shiddiq Khadafi , Runi Asmaranto  , Andre Primantyo H  
Published: August 2024

Abstrak: Bendungan Saradan yang dianalisis berlokasi di Desa Saradan, Kecamatan Saradan Kabupaten Madiun, yang didirikan sejak tahun 1942, memiliki kapasitas 2,34 juta m3 yang salah satu manfaatnya selain untuk pariwisata, juga memberikan suplai air irigasi di kabupaten tersebut seluas 802 ha. Dikarenakan usia Bendungan Saradan memasuki 80 tahun beroperasi, menguatkan alasan kenapa harus dilakukan studi analisis mengenai keruntuhan bendungan untuk membuat upaya mitigasi bencana banjir yang diakibatkan. Dalam membahas analisis dan simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Saradan menggunakan perangkat lunak HEC-RAS versi 5.07 dan untuk perhitungan kerugian menggunakan perangkat lunak InaSAFE. Skenario yang dilakukan dengan debit banjir racangan maksimum (PMF) menggunakan Metode HSS Gama-1 mencapai 20,829 m³/det dan Metode HSS Snyder yaitu sebesar 33,062 m3/dt. Luasan area terendam terparah yaitu pada kondisi overtopping mencapai seluas 294,51 ha. Simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Saradan didapatkan daerah yang terdampak sebanyak 10 Desa dengan kedalaman paling parah adalah Kecamatan Saradan pada Desa Sugihwaras dengan kedalaman 9,86 m dan berjarak 43 m dari Bendungan Saradan. Didapatkan besar kerugian akibat keruntuhan Bendungan ini yaitu sebesar Rp, 97,271,235,990. Dampak ini mengakibatkan konsekuensi serius bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan yang berada di wilayah sekitar bendungan, sehingga diharapkan analisis laporan ini dapat memperkecil angka kerugian dan non material yang ditimbulkan.
Analisis Indeks Bahaya Erosi dan Upaya Konservasi Lahan Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) pada Sub DAS Sanenrejo Kabupaten Jember Jawa Timur
Authors: Mahaputra Muhammad Bintang Mahaputra , Ussy Andawayanti  , Linda Prasetyorini  
Published: August 2024

Bencana alam yang terjadi di Kecamatan Tempurejo dikarenakan berubahnya tata guna lahan di wilayah hulu, yakni Taman Nasional Meru Betiri. Ketika tanaman tidak mampu untuk mengikat air hujan, air akan langsung menuju sungai yang menyebabkan erosi dan sedimentasi pada Sungai Sanen, serta diperlukan adanya upaya pengelolaan DAS. Perhitungan nilai erosi dan sedimentasi pada studi ini menggunakan software ArcGIS yang dikolaborasikan dengan model SWAT. Hasil simulasi pada kondisi eksisting diperoleh potensi nilai laju erosi sebesar 46,802 ton/ha/tahun dan potensi sedimentasi sebesar 37,046 ton/ha/tahun. Hasil analisis Indeks Bahaya Erosi (IBE) diperoleh dua kriteria, yaitu sedang dengan luas 19.955 ha atau 63,898 % dari luasan total dan tinggi dengan luas 11.275 ha atau 36,102 % dari luasan total. Hasil simulasi setelah dilakukan upaya konservasi lahan, nilai potensi laju erosi diperoleh 27,154 ton/ha/tahun dan sedimentasi 18,666 ton/ha/tahun serta nilai indeks bahaya erosi yang lebih rendah dari kondisi eksisting.
Analisis Indeks Kekeringan Metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) untuk Pemetaan Kekeringan di DAS Pekalen Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Sandi Yohan Alfanii , Harisuseno Donny , Lufira Rahmah Dara 
Published: August 2024

DAS Pekalen, Kabupaten Probolinggo adalah salah satu wilayah yang rentan terhadap kekeringan di Indonesia. Pada saat kekeringan terjadi, banyak Masyarakat meminta bantuan air bersih. Pemerintah setempat perlu mendistribusikan bantuan air bersih ke daerah yang rawan sehingga dibutuhkan skala prioritas dalam bentuk peta kekeringan di DAS Pekalen agar bantuan dapat didistribusikan secara efisien. Pembuatan peta kekeringan menggunakan indeks kekeringan meteorologi yaitu dengan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Kekeringan meteorologi dapat mendeteksi dini bencana kekeringan sehingga diharapkan dapat mencegah dampak dari kekeringan. Hasil dari indeks kekeringan yang dianalisis pada semua stasiun hujan di DAS Pekalen kemudian dilakukan penggambaran peta kekeringan menggunakan ArcGIS dengan metode IDW. Hasil penelitian selama 25 tahun yaitu dalam rentang tahun 1998 hingga 2022 menunjukkan kekeringan terjadi di DAS Pekalen kecuali pada tahun 2010, 2013, 2016, 2020, dan 2022.
Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) Untuk Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Banjir Sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Di DAS Laweyan
Authors: Anjarwati Silviana , Ery Suhartanto  , Linda Prasetyorini  
Published: August 2024

DAS Laweyan merupakan daerah aliran sungai di Kabupaten Pasuruan yang kerap terjadi bencana banjir terutama di musim hujan. Seringnya bencana banjir menunjukkan bahwa masih diperlukan peningkatan mitigasi di DAS Laweyan. Faktor yang menyebabkan banjir selain curah hujan yang tinggi adalah kemiringan lereng, jenis tanah, ketinggian lahan, tutupan lahan dan kerapatan sungai. Faktor-faktor inilah nantinya diaplikasikan sebagai parameter rawan banjir. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian adalah overlay, dimana scoring tiap parameter akan di terapkan serta pengklasifikasian bobot yang sesuai kemudian di overlay pada software ArcGIS 10.4. Yang nantinya akan diperoleh peta rawan banjir dengan 5 kelas rawan. Peta rawan inilah yang akan digunakan sebagai penyedia informasi agar menjadi pertimbangan dalam mengambil keputusan dalam upaya mitigasi bencana banjir dan membantu dalam proses relokasi. Upaya mitigasi di DAS Laweyan akan dilakukan dengan 2 bentuk yaitu struktural berupa kolam retensi dan embung kecil sedangkan non-struktural berupa sistem peringatan dini. Dari hasil analisis pada penelitian ini, perencanaan struktural berupa 5 embung dengan reduksi terbesar 17,26% dan 2 kolam retensi dengan reduksi terbesar 41,46%. Adapun alat yang direkomendasikan untuk sistem peringatan dini yaitu ATMOS 41 W, HOBO MicroRX Water Level Station Rx2100-WL, sirine, dan CCTV. Diharapkan dengan adanya upaya mitigasi yang tepat bencana banjir akan berkurang.
Optimalisasi Pengendalian Banjir dengan Strategi Perilisan Awal (Early Release) Pada Bendungan Sepaku Semoi Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara
Authors: Zypa Arvin Hafizh , Pitojo Tri Juwojo  , Anggara Wiyono Wit Saputra  
Published: August 2024

Bendungan Sepaku Semoi merupakan salah satu prasarana bangunan sumber daya air yang terkoneksi dalam pembangunan di wilayah rencana Kawasan Ibu Kota Negara (KIKN) yang berfungsi baik sebagai menyediakan air baku sebesar 2.500 liter per detik dan pengendalian banjir di Sungai Tengin. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pola operasi pengendalian banjir pada Bendungan Sepaku Semoi yang paling optimal dengan strategi early release menurunkan elevasi muka air waduk dari muka air waduk kondisi normal sebelum datangnya musim hujan berdasarkan peringatan dini dari BMKG yang terjadi selama 7 hari kedepan melalui sistem pengeluaran pada pipa pembuangan darurat atau system emergency release dengan katup Gate Valve. Dari hasil analisa untuk pengendalian banjir di Bendungan Sepaku Semoi yang paling optimal dilakukan dengan memilih skenario tinggi bukaan saluran emergency outlet dengan katup Gate Valve pada bukaan 100% untuk menurunkan Muka Air Waduk (MAW) sebesar 1 (satu) meter dari elevasi +22.00 mdpl turun ke elevasi + 21.00 mdpl dengan volume tampungan sebesar 3,159 juta m3 dan debit outflow sebesar 98,61 m3/dt selama 6,94 hari yang mampu menambah reduksi banjir sebesar 17,6% dari 51,3% menjadi 68,9% pada kala ulang100th