bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection and replacement algorithms for memory performance improvement in Spark
Authors: Duan Mingxing , Li Kenli , Tang Zhuo , Xiao Guoqing , Li Keqin 
Published: September 2015

SummaryAs a parallel computation framework, Spark can cache repeatedly resilient distribution datasets (RDDs) partitions in different nodes to speed up the process of computation. However, Spark does not have a good mechanism to select reasonable RDDs to cache their partitions in limited memory. In this paper, we propose a novel selection algorithm, by which Spark can automatically select the RDDs to cache their partitions in memory according to the number of use for RDDs. Our selection algorithm speeds up iterative computations. Nevertheless, when many new RDDs are chosen to cache their partitions in memory while limited memory has been full of them, the system will adopt the least recently used (LRU) replacement algorithm. However, the LRU algorithm only considers whether the RDDs partitions are recently used while ignoring other factors such as the computation cost and so on. We also put forward a novel replacement algorithm called weight replacement (WR) algorithm, which takes comprehensive consideration of the partitions computation cost, the number of use for partitions, and the sizes of the partitions. Experiment results show that with our selection algorithm, Spark calculates faster than without the algorithm, and we find that Spark with WR algorithm shows better performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similar Structural Dynamics for the Degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 in Air and in Vacuum
Authors: Alberti Alessandra , Deretzis Ioannis , Pellegrino Giovanna , Bongiorno Corrado , Smecca Emanuele , Mannino Giovanni , Giannazzo Filippo , Condorelli Guglielmo Guido , Sakai Nobuya , Miyasaka Tsutomu , Spinella Corrado , La Magna Antonino 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe investigate the degradation path of MAPbI3 (MA=methylammonium) films over flat TiO2 substrates at room temperature by means of X‐ray diffraction, spectroscopic ellipsometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The degradation dynamics is found to be similar in air and under vacuum conditions, which leads to the conclusion that the occurrence of intrinsic thermodynamic mechanisms is not necessarily linked to humidity. The process has an early stage, which drives the starting tetragonal lattice in the direction of a cubic atomic arrangement. This early stage is followed by a phase change towards PbI2. We describe how this degradation product is structurally coupled with the original MAPbI3 lattice through the orientation of its constituent PbI6 octahedra. Our results suggest a slight octahedral rearrangement after volatilization of HI+CH3NH2 or MAI, with a relatively low energy cost. Our experiments also clarify why reducing the interfaces and internal defects in the perovskite lattice enhances the stability of the material.
Photoinduced Charge Separation in a Donor–Spacer–Acceptor Dyad with N‐Annulated Perylene Donor and Methylviologen Acceptor
Authors: Santoni Marie‐Pierre , Santoro Antonio , Salerno Tania M. G. , Puntoriero Fausto , Nastasi Francesco , Di Pietro M. Letizia , Galletta Maurilio , Campagna Sebastiano 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first donor–acceptor species in which a strongly emissive N‐annulated perylene dye is connected to a methylviologen electron acceptor unit via its macrocyclic nitrogen atom, is prepared by a stepwise, modular procedure. The absorption spectra, redox behavior, spectroelectrochemistry and photophysical properties of this dyad and of its model species are investigated, also by pump–probe fs transient absorption spectroscopy. Photoinduced oxidative electron transfer from the excited state of the dyad, centered on the N‐annulated perylene subunit, to the appended methyviologen electron acceptor takes place in a few ps. The charge‐separated species recombines in 19 ps. Our results indicate that N‐annulated perylene can be connected to functional units by taking advantage of the macrocyclic nitrogen, an option never used until now, without losing their properties, so opening the way to new designing approaches.
The Quest for Polysulfides in Lithium–Sulfur Battery Electrolytes: An Operando Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Hannauer Julien , Scheers Johan , Fullenwarth Julien , Fraisse Bernard , Stievano Lorenzo , Johansson Patrik 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Lorenzo Stievano, (Université de Montpellier, FRANCE) and Prof. Patrik Johansson (Chalmers University of Technology, SWEDEN). The image represents the in situ spectro‐electrochemical cell used for the study of a lithium–sulfur battery for automotive applications by confocal Raman spectroscopy. This study allowed the identification of the polysulfides formed in the electrolyte. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500448
A Key concept in Magnesium Secondary Battery Electrolytes
Authors: Bertasi Federico , Hettige Chaminda , Sepehr Fatemeh , Bogle Xavier , Pagot Gioele , Vezzù Keti , Negro Enrico , Paddison Stephen J. , Greenbaum Steve G. , Vittadello Michele , Di Noto Vito 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA critical roadblock toward practical Mg‐based energy storage technologies is the lack of reversible electrolytes that are safe and electrochemically stable. Here, we report on high‐performance electrolytes based on 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (EMImCl) doped with AlCl3 and highly amorphous δ‐MgCl2. The phase diagram of the electrolytes reveals the presence of four thermal transitions that strongly depend on salt content. High‐level density functional theory (DFT)‐based electronic structure calculations substantiate the structural and vibrational assignment of the coordination complexes. A 3D chloride‐concatenated dynamic network model accounts for the outstanding redox behaviour and the electric and magnetic properties, providing insight into the conduction mechanism of the electrolytes. Mg anode cells assembled using the electrolytes were cyclically discharged at a high rate (35 mA g−1), exhibiting an initial capacity of 80 mA h g−1 and a steady‐state voltage of 2.3 V.
How validated receptor occupancy flow cytometry assays can impact decisions and support drug development
Authors: Moulard Maxime , Ozoux Marie‐Laure 
Published: September 2015

Because of the pressure of significant attrition in drug development, demonstration of target engagement after drug administration enables dose and regimen optimization, patient selection, and stratification from the earliest stages of drug development. The determination of receptor occupancy (RO) can support these efforts. Flow cytometry is one of the preferred technologies to be used based on the important advances in the technology over the last years enabling the simultaneous determination on target cells, of multi intra or surface cell parameters with adequate precision in a regulated environment. Nevertheless, compared to other platforms using the same antigen–antibody binding concept, the flow cytometry approach has faced several challenges, not only due to the technology per se and the diversity of receptor occupancy approaches, but also related to the nature of the matrix where the determination is performed.To illustrate these points, three case studies (antibody–drug conjugate and naked antibody) are provided here to highlight the importance of the choice of the right antibody pair to measure both receptor density (RD) and occupancy by the drug on cancer cells in blood and in bone marrow and the possibility to circumvent the lack of a critical reagent with an innovative approach. In addition, the use of RO data to determine the minimum anticipated biological effect level (MABEL) with translational data from preclinical to human studies, selection of starting dose for the first in man study will be discussed. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Cre recombinase activity is inhibited in vivo but not ex vivo by a mutation in the asymmetric spacer region of the distal loxP site
Authors: Arguello Tania , Moraes Carlos T. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe cre/loxP recombination system is a valuable tool used to generate tissue specific genomic rearrangements in mouse models. The deletion of a region of interest flanked by two loxP sites is accomplished by the recombinase (cre) enzyme, which binds to the inverted repeat segments of two loxP sites and recognition of a conserved TA sequence in the asymmetric central spacer region “ATAACTTCGTATA ‐NNNTANNN‐TATACGAAGTTAT. In vivo, we found that a single T to C mutation at position 4 of the central spacer region in the distal (3′) loxP site, completely inhibited the recombination reaction in two conditional mouse models. These mice were generated using a mitochondrial methionyl‐tRNA formyltransferase (Mtfmt) gene targeted construct and cre transgene under the control of tissue‐specific promoters: calcium/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II alpha (Camk2a‐cre) and myosin light polypeptide 1 (Myl1‐cre). Surprisingly, transient transfection of a plasmid expressing cre in dermal fibroblasts derived from the same mutant floxed Mtfmt(loxP/loxP) mice line, successfully deleted the region of interest. This study demonstrates the sequence specificity required in vivo, the possibility of bypassing this limitation by expressing high levels of cre recombinase ex vivo and raises concerns related to the quality control of large scale production of gene targeted constructs and mice. genesis 53:695–700, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Queen execution increases relatedness among workers of the invasive Argentine ant,Linepithema humile
Authors: Inoue Maki N. , Ito Fuminori , Goka Koichi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPolygyny in social insects can greatly reduce within‐nest genetic relatedness. In polygynous ant species, potential rival queens in colonies with multiple queens are often executed by other queens, workers, or both. The Argentine ant,Linepithema humile, native to South America, forms a “supercolony” that is composed of a large number of nests and is considered to contribute to the ant's invasion success. Currently, four mutually antagonistic supercolonies are contiguously distributed within a small area of Japan. Here, we analyzed the genetic structure and relatedness within and among the four supercolonies using microsatellite markers to clarify howL. humilemaintains its supercoloniality. The results ofAMOVAandBASP, theFSTvalues, and the existence of several private alleles indicated that theL. humilepopulation in the Kobe area had a characteristic genetic structure. Within a given supercolony, there was significant genetic differentiation (FST) among workers collected in May and those collected in September. The significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium increased, and the relatedness among workers significantly increased from May to September in all supercolonies. This result suggested that the supercolonies replaced old queens with new ones during the reproductive season, thus supporting the plausibility of queen execution. From the perspective of kin selection, workers collectively eliminate queens, thereby increasing their own inclusive fitness. Restricted gene flow among supercolonies, together with mating with sib and queen execution, could help to maintain the unique social structure ofL. humile, the distribution of which is expanding worldwide.
A quantitative assessment on the response of flow regimes to cumulative forest disturbances in large snow‐dominated watersheds in the interior of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Zhang Mingfang , Wei Xiaohua , Li Qiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFrequent forest disturbances can significantly affect flow regimes (magnitude, timing, frequency, duration, and variability) and associated aquatic ecological functions. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of the impacts of forest disturbances on flow regimes impedes the development of adaptive strategies for sustainable water resource management and ecosystem protection. In this study, an innovative methodology that combines the time series cross‐correlation analysis and paired‐year approach was developed and applied in two snow‐dominated large watersheds (the Baker Creek and Willow River watersheds in the central interior of British Columbia (BC)) to provide a quantitative assessment on how forest disturbances affect the components of flow regimes at a large watershed scale. The results showed that the magnitude, variability, and return period of high flows in the Baker Creek watershed were increased on average by 154.3%, 324.2%, and 11 years, respectively, and the timing of high flows was advanced by about 9 days during the disturbed periods. In contrast, forest disturbances caused only a 36.2% increment in the magnitude and a 4‐day increase in the duration of high flows in the Willow River watershed. The responses of low flow regimes were less sensitive than those of high flow regimes. Only the magnitude and variability of low flows in the Baker Creek watershed and the duration of low flows in the Willow River watershed were significantly altered by forest disturbances. These findings can have implications for water management and ecosystem protection in the context of growing anthropogenic disturbances. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel‐Molybdenum and Nickel‐Tungsten Dithiolates: Hybrid Models for Hydrogenases and Hydrodesulfurization
Authors: Schilter David , Fuller Amy L. , Gray Danielle L. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe heterobimetallic complexes [(dppe)Ni(pdt)Mo(CO)4], [(dcpe)Ni(pdt)Mo(CO)4], [(dppe)Ni(pdt)W(CO)4] and [(dcpe)Ni(pdt)W(CO)4] {dppe = Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2; dcpe = Cy2P(CH2)2PCy2; pdt2– = –S(CH2)3S–} have been prepared and structurally characterized. The internuclear separation in these NiIIM0 species is highly sensitive to diphosphine basicity and is smallest in the dppe complexes wherein the planar Ni centres are electron‐poor and require interaction with the group 6 metal. The NiIIW0 species [(dppe)Ni(pdt)W(CO)4] was converted into its stable conjugate acid [(dppe)Ni(pdt)HW(CO)4]+, a rare example of a nickel–tungsten hydride. This NiIIHWII complex is an electrocatalyst for H+ reduction and is relevant to both biological and synthetic H2‐processing catalysts.
Cytotoxicity and Structural Analyses of 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐, 4,4′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyr­idine‐ and 2‐(2′‐Pyridyl)quinoxalineplatinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Pages Benjamin J. , Zhang Yingjie , Li Feng , Sakoff Jennette , Gilbert Jayne , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Janice Aldrich‐Wright at the University of Western Sydney, Australia. The cover image shows X‐ray crystal structures and CD spectra of platinum(II) complexes of 4,4'‐dimethyl‐2,2'‐bipyridine and 2‐(2'‐pyridyl)quinoxaline against a background of fluorescently stained HT29 human colon carcinoma cells. The Southern Cross refers to the country of origin of this work.
Exploring the Chemistry of Furans: Synthesis of Functionalized Bis(furan‐2‐yl)methanes and 1,6‐Dihydropyridazines
Authors: Lopes Susana M. M. , Henriques Marta S. C. , Paixão José A. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe reactivity of 2,2‐bis(furan‐2‐yl)propane towards nitroso‐ and azoalkenes was explored. The expected hetero‐Diels–Alder adducts, 4a,7a‐dihydro‐4H‐furo[2,3‐e][1,2]oxazines and 4a,7a‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐c]pyridazines, were obtained in good yield. The furo‐oxazines were easily converted into the corresponding bis(furan‐2‐yl)methanes bearing an open‐chain oxime. Interestingly, the synthesized furo‐pyridazines showed a different chemical behavior. In the presence of HCl, they underwent a rearrangement giving 6‐(2‐oxobutyl)‐1,6‐dihydropyridazine derivatives in a process having as its key step a furan ring‐opening reaction. The synthesis of 4a,7a‐dihydrofuro[3,2‐c]pyridazines from 2‐methylfuran and the subsequent acid‐catalysed rearrangement to the corresponding 6‐(2‐oxopropyl)‐1,6‐dihydropyridazines was also achieved.
Principal Components – Based Techniques in Voltammetric Determination of Caffeic, Syringic and Vanillic Acids
Authors: Ciepiela Filip , Sordoń Wanda , Jakubowska Małgorzata 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt was demonstrated that Principal Components Analysis and Principal Components Regression support qualitative and quantitative investigation of three‐component synthetic samples containing micromolar concentration of caffeic acid (CA), syringic acid (SA) and vanillic acid (VA), in various proportions. The first, second and third PCs enable modelling of relationships and distinction of objects of different composition. Optimized and validated multivariate calibration models, implemented on the basis of the samples selected with the help of 3‐level full factorial design, effectively support simultaneous determination of the considered analytes. Obtained RMSEP was no higher than 0.23 μm for CA, 0.17 μm for SA and 0.21 μm for VA, in relation to the concentration of 1.9 to 21.4 μm of each compound. Recovery between 90–108% for considered analytes, determined in synthetic wine solution, was additional verification of calibration model. Application of automatic baseline correction was extensively studied.
Preparation of triethylenetetramine‐modified zirconosilicate molecular sieve for carbon dioxide adsorption
Authors: Yang Fan‐Ming , Chen Lang , Au Chak‐Tong , Yin Shuang‐Feng 
Published: September 2015

Mesoporous molecular sieve Zr‐MCM‐41 was modified with triethylenetetramine (TETA) and tested for carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption for the first time. The adsorbent was characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption‐desorption, energy dispersive spectrometer, Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2 and NH3. A maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.36 mmol g−1 at 50°C in a stream of 5% CO2 concentration was obtained, which is 2.7 times that of TETA‐functionalized MCM‐41. The TETA‐modified Zr‐MCM‐41 is 30°C higher than the TETA‐modified MCM‐41 in terms of thermal stability. We find that the former adsorbent is superior in reusability. It is envisaged that the adsorbent is applicable in CO2 capture. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1814–1821, 2015
Effect of the non‐Darcy flow boundary in low permeability reservoirs
Authors: Li Yuansheng , Li Xiangfang , Teng Sainan , Xu Darong 
Published: September 2015

Non‐Darcy flow is an important characteristic of gas well and its accurate description will increase accuracy of productivity evaluation and prediction.In this article, we study the influence of non‐Darcy flow boundary on production prediction. Based on flow theory in porous media, we discuss the models of non‐Darcy flow boundary with different Reynolds numbers, and propose the criteria judging non‐Darcy flow: non‐Darcy critical permeability (kc), non‐Darcy critical flowing pressure (pc), non‐Darcy critical rate (qgc). Then, non‐Darcy skin‐depended factors are derived with different Reynolds number, which reflect the influence of true skin on non‐Darcy flow. Finally, we study the influence of these factors on productivity prediction and well testing.The results show that non‐Darcy flow boundary may be nearby wellbore radius in low permeability reservoirs, whose influence could be considered as a negative skin which will decrease non‐Darcy flow. And, compared with the open flow capacity of convenient binomial deliverability equation and Darcy equation, the open flow capacity of the equation that considers the influence of non‐Darcy flow boundary is just between that of the two equations, which will verify the influence of the non‐Darcy flow boundary. What's more, the non‐Darcy boundary influences the open flow capacity significantly. And, non‐Darcy skin‐depended factor will become larger with the increase of skin. Finally, when the designed rates of well testing should be larger than the critical rates, the points of test will be on a perfectly straight line or else the points will not. The research of this article will increase the accuracy of productivity evaluation and prediction in low permeability reservoirs. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 1822–1831, 2015
Damage suffered by swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to vanadium (V)
Authors: Chen Ting , Li Ting-Qiang , Yang Jin-Yan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

To elucidate the physiological and morphological responses generated by vanadium (V) in plants, hydroponic culture experiments were performed with swamp morning glory (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk) exposed to 0 mg L−1 to 2.50 mg L−1 pentavalent V [V(V)] in Hoagland nutrient solutions. The concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotene peaked at a V(V) concentration of 0.05 mg L−1 and gradually decreased at higher V(V) concentrations. Similarly, the plant biomass was stimulated at low levels of V(V) and was inhibited when V(V) concentrations exceeded 0.1 mg L−1. Pentavalent V had negative effects on the uptake of phosphorus (P) by roots, shoots, and leaves. The biological absorption coefficients of V of the roots were higher than those of the aerial parts. Under low concentrations of V(V) exposure, the predominant species of V in the aerial parts was tetravalent V [V(IV)], whereas V(V) became more prevalent when concentrations of V(V) in the solution was higher than 0.50 mg L−1. In the roots, however, the concentrations of V(V) were always higher than those of the V(IV), except in the control group. Organelles in the V(V)-treated leaves were distorted, and the periplasmic space became wider. These results indicate V(V) has concentration-dependent effects on the physiological properties of swamp morning glory, whereas the plant has the ability to develop self-protective function to adapt to the toxicity of V(V). Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:695–701. © 2015 SETAC