bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antidepressant effect of Shexiang Baoxin Pills on myocardial infarction rats with depression may be achieved through the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Wang Yue , Chen Yuwen , Li Bingqing , Zhou Yilu , Guan Jing , Huang Fanke , Wu Jingjing , Dong Yanyan , Sun Peiyuan , Tian Xue , Cai Jindan , Ran Feng , Dai Qiuting , Lv Jianfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with myocardial infarction (MI) frequently experience a heightened incidence of depression, thereby increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Consequently, early detection and intervention in depressive symptoms among patients with MI are imperative. Shexiang Baoxin Pills (SBP), a Chinese patent medicine employed for the treatment of MI, exhibits diverse mechanisms targeting this condition. Nevertheless, its therapeutic efficacy on postmyocardial infarction depressive symptoms remains unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of SBP in managing depression during acute myocardial infarction (AMI).MethodsA rat model combining MI and depression was established, and the rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model (MOD) group, SBP group, Fluoxetine (FLX) group, and Sham group. After 28 days of drug intervention, cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography while behavior was evaluated through sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and open‐field test (OFT). Additionally, levels of inflammatory factors in serum and hippocampus were measured along with NLRP3 inflammasome‐related protein expression via Western blotting and immunofluorescence.ResultsSBP can enhance cardiac function in rats with AMI and depression, while significantly ameliorating depressive‐like behavior. Compared to the Sham group, levels of IL‐1β, IL‐18, TNF‐α, and other inflammatory factors were markedly elevated in the MOD group. However, expressions of these inflammatory factors were reduced to varying degrees following treatment with SBP or FLX. Analysis of NLRP3 inflammasome‐related proteins in the hippocampus revealed a significant upregulation of IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, ASC, caspase‐1, and GSDMD in the MOD group; conversely, these measures were significantly attenuated after SBP intervention.ConclusionWe have observed a significant amelioration in depression‐like behavior upon SBP administration during the treatment of AMI, suggesting that this effect may be attributed to the inhibition of NLRP3‐mediated pyroptosis. (The main findings are summarized in the graphical abstract in the supplementary file.)
Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the right inferior parietal lobe on the body image perception in anorexia nervosa: A pilot randomized controlled study
Authors: Chastan Nathalie , Achamrah Najate , Etard Olivier , Nathou Clément , Piquet Marie‐Astrid , Guillaume Sébastien , Attal Jérôme , Gillibert André , Dechelotte Pierre , Guillin Olivier , Welter Marie‐Laure 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionRestrictive anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with distorted perception of body shape, previously linked to hypoactivity and reduced excitability of the right inferior parietal lobe (rIPL). Here, we investigated the impact of high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF rTMS) of the rIPL on body shape perception in patients with AN.MethodsSeventeen patients with AN (median [Q1_Q3] age, 35 [27_39] years; disease duration, 12 [6_18] years) were randomly assigned to receive real or sham HF (10 Hz) rTMS of the rIPL over a period of 2 weeks, comprising 10 sessions. The primary outcome measure was the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ). Secondary outcomes included eating disorder symptoms, body mass index, mood, anxiety, and safety. Data collection were done at baseline, post‐rTMS, and at 2 weeks and 3 months post‐rTMS.ResultsFollowing both real and sham rTMS of the rIPL, no significant differences were observed in body shape perception or other parameters. Both real and sham rTMS interventions were deemed safe and well tolerated. Notably, serious adverse events were associated with the underlying eating and mood disorders, resulting in hospitalization for undernutrition (five patients) or suicidal attempts (two patients).ConclusionThis pilot study does not support the use of rTMS of the rIPL as an effective method for improving body shape perception in individuals with the restrictive form of AN. Further research is warranted to comprehensively explore both the clinical and neurophysiological effects of HF rTMS in this population.
Clinical features, MRI, molecular alternations, and prognosis of astrocytoma based on WHO 2021 classification of central nervous system tumors: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Wang Yuekun , Xing Hao , Guo Xiaopeng , Chen Wenlin , Wang Yaning , Liang Tingyu , Wang Hai , Li Yilin , Jin Shanmu , Shi Yixin , Liu Delin , Yang Tianrui , Xia Yu , Li Junlin , Wu Jiaming , Liu Qianshu , Qu Tian , Guo Siying , Li Huanzhang , Zhang Kun , Wang Yu , Ma Wenbin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of glioma has advanced since the release of the WHO 2021 classification with more molecular alterations involved in the integrated diagnostic pathways. Our study aimed to present our experience with the clinical features and management of astrocytoma, IDH mutant based on the latest WHO classification.MethodsPatients diagnosed with astrocytoma, IDH‐mutant based on the WHO 5th edition classification of CNS tumors at our center from January 2009 to January 2022 were included. Patients were divided into WHO 2–3 grade group and WHO 4 grade group. Integrate diagnoses were retrospectively confirmed according to WHO 2016 and 2021 classification. Clinical and MRI characteristics were reviewed, and survival analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 60 patients were enrolled. 21.67% (13/60) of all patients changed tumor grade from WHO 4th edition classification to WHO 5th edition. Of these, 21.43% (6/28) of grade II astrocytoma and 58.33% (7/12) of grade III astrocytoma according to WHO 4th edition classification changed to grade 4 according to WHO 5th edition classification. Sex (p = 0.042), recurrent glioma (p = 0.006), and Ki‐67 index (p < 0.001) of pathological examination were statistically different in the WHO grade 2–3 group (n = 27) and WHO grade 4 group (n = 33). CDK6 (p = 0.004), FGFR2 (p = 0.003), and MYC (p = 0.004) alterations showed an enrichment in the WHO grade 4 group. Patients with higher grade showed shorter mOS (mOS = 75.9 m, 53.6 m, 26.4 m for grade 2, 3, and 4, respectively, p = 0.01).ConclusionsPatients diagnosed as WHO grade 4 according to the 5th edition WHO classification based on molecular alterations are more likely to have poorer prognosis. Therefore, treatment should be tailored to their individual needs. Further research is needed for the management of IDH‐mutant astrocytoma is needed in the future.
A Bifunctional Methyltransferase in Biosynthesis of Antitumor Antibiotic Streptonigrin
Authors: Wang Xiaozheng , Xie Xinyue , Wo Jing , Huang Tingting , Deng Zixin , Lin Shuangjun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStreptonigrin (STN, 1) is a highly functionalized aminoquinone alkaloid antibiotic with broad and potent antitumor activity. STN structurally contains four methyl groups belonging to two types: C‐methyl group and O‐methyl groups. Here, we report the biochemical characterization of the O‐methyltransferase StnQ2 that can catalyze both the methylation of a hydroxyl group and a carboxyl group in the biosynthesis of streptonigrin. This work not only provides a new insight into methyltransferases, but also advances the elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of streptonigrin.
Effects of Ir‐Incorporation and Nanostructuring in β‐MnO2 for an Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kakati Uddipana , Roe Benjamin , Dunuweera Shashiprabha P. , Mendez‐Guerra Jose F. , Strongin Daniel R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe investigated the electrocatalytic properties of Ir/β‐MnO2, with 4.2–5.6 atomic % (at %) iridium. The Ir/β‐MnO2 was synthesized by heating Ir/R‐MnO2—formed via a surfactant‐assisted (SA) method using KMnO4, IrCl3.H2O, and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—to 400 °C. The Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) was nano‐sized based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), 5.6 at % Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) exhibited an overpotential (
of 327±5 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), at 10 mA
in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. At 10 mA
the Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) catalyzed the OER for 72 h at an
of 534 mV. During this time there was a 12 % loss in Mn and 8 % loss in Ir from the structure. An IrO2 catalyst exhibited an initial η of 420±7 for the OER, but after 20 h of operation at 10 mA
there was a steep rise in potential (>550 mV) and 12 % loss in Ir. The enhanced activity and stability of Ir/β‐MnO2 (SA) is attributed to the incorporation of Ir into the MnO2 lattice during synthesis and the formation of nano‐sized particles using the SA method.
Dimers and 2D Networks of Adamantane‐Related Ternary Organosilicon Coinage Metal Sulfide Clusters
Authors: Nier Simon , Rinn Niklas , Guggolz Lukas , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdamantane‐type organotin sulfide clusters were recently shown to react with coinage metal phosphine complexes under replacement of an organic substituent by a metal‐phosphine unit. An extension of such studies involving the silicon‐based congener [(PhSi)4S6] (A) revealed that the cluster core will be partly disassembled and a {PhSi} moiety is replaced by a coinage metal phosphine complex to form [(Et3PAg)3(PhSi)3S6] (B) and [Na2(thf)2.33][(Me3PCu)(PhSi)3S6] (C). Herein, we present an extension of this work upon variation of the reactants and reaction conditions. Besides the isolation of crystalline precursor complexes [CuCl(PMe2Ph)3] (1) and [AgCl(PMe2Ph)2]2 (2), the study addresses reactions of A with AgCl and a phosphine ligand in CH2Cl2, upon which A is completely disassembled to form [(Ph3P)3Ag(μ‐S)SiCl2Ph] (3). In another case a CH2 group, most likely stemming from CH2Cl2, was attached to the ligand, thus generating [{PhCl(S)SiSCH2P(Ph2)CH2CH2}2] (4). Upon using CuCl and 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) we isolated the phosphine‐bridged analog of B, [{(dppbCu2)CuP(Ph2)(CH2CH2)(PhSi)3S6}2] (5). In order to receive the yet elusive silver homolog of C, we used PMe2Ph as a bulkier ligand. This way we generated a 2D coordination polymer of the desired composition, [Na2(thf)1.5][(Me2PhPAg)(PhSi)3S6] (6). UV‐visible spectra of 6 indicated a bandgap of 3.89 eV, thus blue‐shifted in regards to B and C.
Photoinduced Transition‐Metal and External Photosensitizer Free Benzylic Fluorination of Unactivated Alkylarenes
Authors: Lai Jiawen , Xiao Xuan , Shao Shixing , Wang Shuping , Kan Jian , Su Weiping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA green and efficient protocol for the direct monofluorination of unactivated alkylarenes under visible‐light irradiation has been developed, without any extraneous transition‐metal catalysts or photosensitizers. This method is compatible with a broad spectrum of functional groups, including carboxylic and alcoholic scaffolds, under mild reaction conditions. Gram‐scale synthesis of a fluorine‐containing pharmaceutical analogue was successfully executed, underscoring the strategy's reliability and practicality. Furthermore, mechanistic studies suggest that a single‐electron transfer mechanism might be responsible for the generation of the benzylic radicals in initiation step.
Applications of Electrophotocatalysis in C−H Functionalization of Organic Molecules
Authors: Andrejčák Samuel , Májek Michal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrophotocatalysis (EPC) has evolved as a new scientific discipline around the boundary of highly active fields: electrochemistry and photocatalysis. EPC allows us to combine the energy of light and electric potential to activate previously inaccessible compounds via single‐electron transfer (SET). Herein, we review the most essential applications of EPC to the C−H functionalization of molecules. This work discusses mechanisms that can be encountered when designing such processes and analyzes technical aspects of performing EPC reactions in the laboratory.
Surface Engineering of the Mechanical Properties of Molecular Crystals via an Atomistic Model for Computing the Facet Stress Response of Solids
Authors: Almehairbi Mubarak , Joshi Vikram C. , Irfan Ahamad , Saeed Zeinab M. , Alkhidir Tamador , Abdelhaq Aya M. , Managutti Praveen B. , Dhokale Bhausaheb , Jadhav Thaksen , Sun Changquan Calvin , Mohamed Sharmarke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Mubarak Almehairbi, Vikram C. Joshi, Changquan Calvin Sun and Sharmarke Mohamed. The image depicts the digital exploration of the mechanical properties of crystals on specific facets that may be of interest for materials applications by “dialing‐in” their stress response. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202400779.
Effect of Coffee Thermocycling on Color Stability and Translucency of CAD‐CAM Polychromatic High Translucent Zirconia Compared With Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Khomprang Ratchaphat , Sripetchdanond Jeerapa , Chengprapakorn Wareeratn 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of coffee thermocycling on color stability and translucency of CAD‐CAM polychromatic high translucent zirconia compared with lithium disilicate glass ceramic.MethodsSixteen rectangular plates (14 × 16 × 1.0 mm) of two ceramic materials (IPS E.max CAD (IEC), IPS E.max ZirCAD Prime [IZP]) were prepared. Each specimen was measured for color coordinates using a spectrophotometer following 30,000 cycles of coffee thermocycling. CIELAB formula was used to determine color and translucency differences (ΔE and ΔTP). The means of ΔE and ΔTP were compared using independent samples t‐test and were evaluated using their respective 50%:50% perceptibility and acceptability thresholds (PT and AT). One‐way analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the translucency parameter (TP) and surface roughness (Ra) of each material.ResultsMean ΔE values of IEC (4.69) and IZP (4.64) were higher than the AT (ΔE ≤ 2.7) with no significant difference found between the two groups (p = 0.202). Considering the TP, only IEC showed a statistically significant increase in TP value (p < 0.001). However, the mean ΔTP of IEC (3.25) remained within the range of acceptability (1.3 < ΔTP ≤ 4.4).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this current study, the color stability of all materials was clinically affected by coffee thermocycling. In terms of translucency, only lithium disilicate glass ceramic was influenced by coffee thermocycling. High translucent zirconia had superior translucency stability compared to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.
Evaluation of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion in Kenyans of African Descent
Authors: Mosomi Marion N. , Maina Susan W. , Osiro Olivia A. , Omondi Ben I. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the validity of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion among Kenyans of African descent with naturally well‐aligned teeth.Materials and MethodsStandardized frontal photographic images of the smiles of 175 participants aged 18–35 years were obtained, and Adobe Photoshop was used to analyze and measure the frontal widths of the maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines in triplicate. The average teeth widths were calculated to determine the existence of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and RED Proportion, and their validity using independent sample t‐tests to compare the differences in the mean teeth widths at α < 0.05.ResultsThe number of male and female participants was 107 (61.1%) and 68 (38.9%), respectively. The Golden Proportion between the maxillary central and lateral incisors was found in 4.0% on the right and 2.8% on the left of all the participants, but between the maxillary lateral incisors and canines was found in only 0.6% on the right of male participants (p < 0.0001). The RED Proportion between the maxillary lateral and central incisors was in the range of 67%–70%, and between the canines and lateral incisors was 82%–84% (p < 0.0001). The proportion of RED was not constant, and gradually increased distally. The Golden Percentage of 15% was observed in the lateral incisors bilaterally; however, in the central incisors and the canines, the Golden Percentage was 22% and 12%, respectively.ConclusionThe Golden and RED Proportions were invalid determinants of anterior teeth proportions. The Golden Percentage existed only in the lateral incisors. The Golden Proportion, RED Proportion, and Golden Percentage theories may not be applicable to all populations when designing smiles. Racial and ethnic backgrounds are important considerations to establish objective quantifiable values of anterior tooth proportions that are beneficial for esthetic restorations.
Oral Mucosa and Saliva Alterations Related to Vape
Authors: Carvalho Bruna Fernandes do Carmo , Faria Natália de Carvalho , Foiani Letícia , Nepomuceno Gabrielle Luana Jimenez Teodoro , Cavalcanti Desirée Rosa , Alves Mônica Ghislaine Oliveira , Martinho Herculano da Silva , Pérez‐Sayáns Mário , Almeida Janete Dias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesElectronic nicotine delivery systems (e‐cigarette, pod, and vape) are currently among the tobacco consumption of adolescents and young adults. The aim is to show oral mucosa and saliva alterations related to vape.Material and MethodsA vape‐user patient, presenting a white plaque in the posterior region of the hard palate, underwent clinical examination, sialometry, pH evaluation, and excisional biopsy of the white lesion. Molecular changes in saliva and vape liquid were analyzed by vibrational spectroscopy.ResultsThe histopathological analyses showed hyperparakeratosis without dysplasia. Formaldehyde, ketones, and aromatic hydrocarbon species were identified in e‐cig liquid by the FTIR.ConclusionsThe use of vape may be related to the development of hyperkeratotic lesions in the oral mucosa as well as significantly modify the patient's salivary patterns as the vape liquid presents carcinogenic and cytotoxic components in its composition.
4R Nutrient Management for Magnesium
Authors: Bruulsema Tom , Nigon Leanna , Mikkelsen Rob 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe principles of 4R nutrient stewardship apply to every plant nutrient. Magnesium (Mg), traditionally considered a secondary macronutrient, is often overlooked. This article reviews the options available for managing magnesium and the benefits you might expect. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Improving Estimates for Barley Residue Biomass, Nutrients, and Economic Value
Authors: Rogers Christopher W. , Adams Curtis B. , Tarkalson David D. , Marshall Juliet M. , Hatzenbuehler Patrick , Thurgood Garrett , Dari Biswanath , Loomis Grant 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlobal market demands for barley are less than cereals such as corn, rice, and wheat, but barley plays a particularly important role in cropping systems in areas of high elevation and/or latitude with short growing seasons. Estimation of residue nutrient uptake requires both a knowledge of the biomass produced, as well as the concentration of individual nutrients. These factors were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 from trials of four barley classes at five locations in southern Idaho. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Crop Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Acute Stress Affects the Relaxin/Insulin‐Like Family Peptide Receptor 3 mRNA Expression in Brain of Pubertal Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Gołyszny Miłosz , Zieliński Michał , Obuchowicz Ewa 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe current literature suggests that relaxin‐3/relaxin/insulin‐like family peptide receptor 3 (RLN‐3/RXFP‐3) system is involved in the pathophysiology of affective disorders because the results of anatomical and pharmacological studies have shown that the RLN‐3 signaling pathway plays a role in modulating the stress response, anxiety, arousal, depression‐like behavior, and neuroendocrine homeostasis. The risk of developing mental illnesses in adulthood is increased by exposure to stress in early periods of life. The available data indicate that puberty is especially characterized by the development of the neural system and emotionality and is a “stress‐sensitive” period. The presented study assessed the short‐term changes in the expression of RLN‐3 and RXFP‐3 mRNA in the stress‐dependent brain regions in male pubertal Wistar rats that had been subjected to acute stress. Three stressors were applied from 42 to 44 postnatal days (first day: a single forced swim; second day: stress on an elevated platform that was repeated three times; third day: restraint stress three times). Anxiety (open field, elevated plus maze test) and anhedonic‐like behavior (sucrose preference test) were estimated during these tests. The corticosterone (CORT) levels and blood morphology were estimated. We found that the RXFP‐3 mRNA expression decreased in the brainstem, whereas it increased in the hypothalamus 72 h after acute stress. These molecular changes were accompanied by the increased levels of CORT and anxiety‐like behavior detected in the open field test that had been conducted earlier, that is, 24 h after the stress procedure. These findings shed new light on the neurochemical changes that are involved in the compensatory response to adverse events in pubertal male rats and support other data that suggest a regulatory interplay between the RLN‐3 pathway and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis activity in the mechanisms of anxiety‐like behavior.