bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pamidronate Attenuates Muscle Loss After Pediatric Burn Injury
Authors: Børsheim Elisabet , Herndon David N , Hawkins Hal K , Suman Oscar E , Cotter Matthew , Klein Gordon L 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACT

Children who are burned &gt;40% total body surface area lose significant quantities of both bone and muscle mass because of acute bone resorption, inflammation, and endogenous glucocorticoid production, which result in negative nitrogen balance. Because administration of the bisphosphonate pamidronate within 10 days of the burn injury completely prevents the bone loss, we asked whether muscle protein balance was altered by the preservation of bone. We reviewed the results from 17 burned pediatric subjects previously enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled study of pamidronate in the prevention of post-burn bone loss and who were concurrently evaluated for muscle protein synthesis and breakdown by stable isotope infusion studies during the acute hospitalization. We found a significantly lower fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) in the pamidronate group and a correspondingly lower rate of appearance of the amino acid tracer in venous blood, suggesting lower muscle protein turnover. Moreover, net protein balance (synthesis minus breakdown) was positive in the subjects receiving pamidronate and negative in those receiving placebo. Muscle fiber diameter was significantly greater in the pamidronate subjects and leg strength at 9 months post-burn was not different between subjects who received pamidronate and normal physically fit age-matched children studied in our lab. Leg strength in burned subjects who served as controls tended to be weaker, although not significantly so. If substantiated by a larger study, these results suggest that bone may have a paracrine mechanism to preserve muscle and this finding may have implications for the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Correlations between apparent diffusion coefficient values of invasive ductal carcinoma and pathologic factors on diffusion‐weighted MRI at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Park Sung Hee , Choi Hye‐Young , Hahn Soo Yeon 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo investigate correlations between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and pathologic factors on diffusion‐weighted MRI. We measured the ADC values of IDC of the breast and analyzed correlations between ADC values and factors such as tumor size, axillary lymph node status, histologic grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epithelial growth factor 2 (HER2) using diffusion‐weighted MRI at 3.0 Tesla (T).Materials and MethodsWe examined 110 patients with pathologically confirmed IDC using diffusion‐weighted MRI at 3.0T. The ADC values of breast cancer were calculated using two b factors (0 and 1000 s/mm2). The relationship between ADC values and tumor size, histologic grade, axillary lymph node status, hormonal receptors, and HER2 were analyzed.ResultsThe mean ADC value of IDC (n = 110) was 0.88 ± 0.15 × 10−2 mm2/s. Tumors were subgrouped according to size (<2 cm, 2–5 cm, and ≥5 cm). Multiple comparisons within subgroups according to size showed that the ADC values for the three tumor size groups were significantly different (correlation coefficient = −0.007). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient of HER2‐positive IDC was significantly higher than that of HER2‐negative invasive ductal carcinoma (correlation coefficient = 0.218).ConclusionADC values of IDC were significantly correlated with tumor size and HER2 status. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:175–182. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of physical activity on T1 and T2* relaxation times of healthy achilles tendons at 3T
Authors: Grosse Ulrich , Springer Fabian , Hein Tobias , Grözinger Gerd , Schabel Christoph , Martirosian Petros , Schick Fritz , Syha Roland 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo evaluate longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2*) relaxation times at different Achilles tendon locations (insertion, mid‐portion, and musculotendinous area) in a cohort of subjects with variable tendon straining activity, but without any signs of tendinopathy.Materials and MethodsT1 and T2* relaxation times of the Achilles tendon were measured using an ultrashort echo time (UTE) imaging sequence with flip angle and echo time variation on a 3T whole‐body clinical magnetic resonance (MR) scanner. Twenty‐four tendons of 12 healthy volunteers and 18 tendons of nine healthy recreational long‐distance runners (average weekly running distance of 47.4 ± 5.3 km) were enrolled.ResultsMean T1 values of the whole tendon showed no marked group differences, whereas T2* relaxation times of runners were significantly longer (mean percentage increase 15.7 ± 4.9%; P = 0.0181) compared to controls. Regarding group differences for the investigated insertional, mid‐portion, and musculotendinous area of the Achilles tendon, only the mid‐portion of the Achilles tendon in the running group presented significantly longer T2* values (mean percentage increase 29.1 ± 23.0%; P = 0.0420) in comparison to the control group.ConclusionProlonged T2* values especially in the mid‐portion of the Achilles tendon of runners are likely to reflect an adaptation of the tendon microstructure to repetitive tendon straining activity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:193–201. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Changes in MR relaxation times of the meniscus with acute loading: An in vivo pilot study in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Subburaj Karupppasamy , Souza Richard B. , Wyman Bradley T. , Le Graverand‐Gastineau Marie‐Pierre Hellio , Li Xiaojuan , Link Thomas M. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: December 2013

PurposeTo prospectively evaluate changes in T1ρ and T2 relaxation times in the meniscal body with acute loading using MRI in osteoarthritic knees and to compare these findings with those of age‐matched healthy controls.Materials and MethodsFemale subjects above 40 years of age with (N1 = 20) and without osteoarthritis (OA) (N2 = 10) were imaged on a 3 Tesla MR scanner using a custom made loading device. MR images were acquired, with the knee flexed at 20°, with and without a compressive load of 50% of the subject's bodyweight. The subjects were categorized based on the radiographic evidence of OA. Three different zones (outer, middle, and inner) of meniscus body were defined (each occupying 1/3rd the width). After adjusting for age and body mass index in the general linear regression model, repeated measures analysis of variance was used to detect significant differences in T1ρ and T2 with and without loading.ResultsIn the unloaded condition, the average T1ρ and T2 times were elevated in the outer and middle zones of the medial meniscus in OA subjects compared with the controls. In the loaded condition, T1ρ and T2 times of the outer zone of the medial meniscus was significantly elevated in OA subjects compared with controls. Finally the change (from unloaded to loaded) was significantly higher in controls than OA subjects (15.1% versus 8.3%; P = 0.039 for ΔT1ρ, and 11.5% versus 6.9%, P = 0.049 for ΔT2).ConclusionThese findings suggest that while the OA process appears to affect the relaxation times of all regions within the meniscus, it may affect some regions sooner or to a greater degree. Furthermore, the differences in the change in relaxation times between unloaded and loaded conditions may reveal evidence about load transmission failure of the outer zone of the medial meniscus in subjects with knee OA. It is possible that these metrics (ΔT1ρ and ΔT2) may be valuable as an early biomechanical biomarker, which could be used to predict load transmission to the underlying articular cartilage.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:536–543.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of uncertainties on the B(H) curves on the flux linkage of a turboalternator
Authors: Mac D. H. , Clénet S. , Beddek K. , Chevallier L. , Korecki J. , Moreau O. , Thomas P. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, we analyze the influence of the uncertainties on the behavior constitutive laws of ferromagnetic materials on the behavior of a turboalternator. A simple stochastic model of anhysteretic nonlinear B(H) curve is proposed for the ferromagnetic yokes of the stator and the rotor. The B(H) curve is defined by five random parameters. We quantify the influence of the variability of these five parameters on the flux linkage of one phase of the stator winding depending on the excitation current I. The influence of each parameter is analyzed via the Sobol indices. With this analysis, we can determine the most influential parameters for each state of magnetization (according to the level of I) and investigate where the characterization process of the B(H) curve should focus to improve the accuracy of the computed flux linkage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Investigations of Titanium Metaphosphate Glasses by Ambient and High‐Temperature X‐Ray Diffraction Techniques
Authors: Lakhkar Nilay J. , Knowles Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper presents the structural characterization of melt‐quenched titanium metaphosphate glasses having compositions of 0.5P2O5–0.4CaO–(0.1–x)Na2O–xTiO2 (x = 0.00–0.07 mol fraction) by means of x‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques employed under both ambient and high‐temperature conditions. Ambient XRD spectra of powdered glass samples revealed the amorphous nature of the glasses, while ambient XRD software analysis of crystallised glass powders provided information regarding the phase transitions in the glass compositions with an increase in the TiO2 content. High‐temperature XRD (HT‐XRD) contour plots showed good agreement with the results of both ambient XRD and differential thermal analysis, thereby demonstrating the correspondence between three distinct sets of experimental data and allowing us to correlate thermal events with the crystalline phases formed. Thus, the overall results offer interesting clues into the structure of these titanium metaphosphate glasses, which have emerged as major candidates in the biomedical field for use as substrates in the regeneration of hard and soft tissues.
Development and Noninvasive Characterization of Hormone Releasing In Situ Forming Implants
Authors: Kempe S. , Schreier B. , Ruhs S. , Wollert I. , Teixeira M. B. , Gekle M. , Mäder K. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn the human body aldosterone plays a major role in the regulation of the salt water balance and the blood pressure. To investigate the pathophysiological effects of aldosterone in a mouse model appropriate drug delivery systems, that release the drug in a constant and continuous manner, are needed. Therefore novel in situ forming implants were developed as alternative aldosterone releasing depots. The non‐invasive analytical method electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was applied to characterize in situ the implant formation by direct and continuous quantification of polymer precipitation and solvent exchange rates. Therewith influences of several key formulation parameters, such as type of the solvent and the polymer have been investigated. In this context AB di‐ and triblock copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) were firstly explored as polymeric matrices for in situ forming implants. The phase separation kinetics and therewith the aldosterone releases were highly dependent on the hydrophilic character and the molecular weight of the used polymers.
Poly(glycerol sebacate)\Poly(butylene succinate‐dilinoleate) Blends as Candidate Materials for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Tallawi M. , Rai R. , R‐Gleixner M. , Roerick O. , Weyand M. , Roether J. A. , Schubert D. W. , Kozlowska A. , Fray M. El , Merle B. , Göken M. , Aifantis K. , Boccaccini A. R. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPoly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly (butylene succinate‐dilinoleate) (PBS‐DLA) are biodegradable polymers with potential application in cardiac tissue engineering. In the present study novel blends comprising PGS prepolymer and PBS‐DLA were prepared with varying compositions (70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 30/70 and 0/100 in weight percentage). The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the PGS/PBS‐DLA blends were measured and compared. By adding PBS‐DLA to PGS the need for curing PGS prepolymer was eliminated, as the blended films are chemically stable. With increasing amount of PBS‐DLA the hydrophobicity of the blend system increased reaching values close to that of neat PBS‐DLA films. Furthermore, addition of PBS‐DLA significantly affected the mechanical properties of the blends, i.e. the elastic modulus of the blends was enhanced with increasing PBS‐DLA addition from 1.2 MPa to 54 MPa. At the same time, PBS‐DLA addition led to decreased degradation rate of the films. Furthermore the PBS‐DLA counteracted the acidity of the free carboxylic groups on the free end chains of the PGS prepolymer. In vitro cytocompatibility studies indicated high biocompatibility. Taken together the results confirm that the novel PGS/PBS‐DLA matrices exhibit promising characteristics as a biomaterial for application in cardiac regeneration approaches.
Copper Mediated and Copper Free “Click” Decoration of Polysialic Acid for RGD‐Modification and Hydrogel Formation
Authors: Su Yi , Paleček Jiří , Kirschning Andreas , Dräger Gerald 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper describes and compares the copper‐catalyzed and copper‐free “click” reaction of N‐azido, N‐alkynoyl and N‐oxanorbornadienyl polysialic acid for the formation of hydrogels and cyclic RGD conjugates. To proof the molecular mechanism of the crosslinking reaction, the crosslinking and conjugation reactions were studied in detail on a molecular level by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry as well as MS/MS experiments identifying the non‐hydrolyzable crosslinks.
Simulation based microstructural optimization of thermo‐mechanically treated steel components
Authors: Stein T. , Fuss D. , Grahlmann P. , Luetje M. , Brueckner‐Foit A. , Steinhoff K. , Weidig U. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA simplified approach for the simulation based estimation of the phase distribution in a thermo‐mechanically treated steel component is presented. A key aspect of the approach is the time‐temperature relation for each volume element. Based on a forming simulation with a commercial tool the numerically calculated temperature evolution in the component is analyzed with an in‐house code. The code allows estimating the local phase distribution after the forming process with the help of the continuous‐cooling‐diagram of the material used. A first validation fits well with the existing phase distribution in the component, even though the phase transition in the component is critical in terms of time, deformation and local chemical composition of the material used.
Analysis of PRICKLE1 in human cleft palate and mouse development demonstrates rare and common variants involved in human malformations
Authors: Yang Tian , Jia Zhonglin , Bryant‐Pike Whitney , Chandrasekhar Anand , Murray Jeffrey C. , Fritzsch Bernd , Bassuk Alexander G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPalate development is shaped by multiple molecular signaling pathways, including the Wnt pathway. In mice and humans, mutations in both the canonical and noncanonical arms of the Wnt pathway manifest as cleft palate, one of the most common human birth defects. Like the palate, numerous studies also link different Wnt signaling perturbations to varying degrees of limb malformation; for example, shortened limbs form in mutations of Ror2, Vangl2looptail and, in particular, Wnt5a. We recently showed the noncanonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling molecule Prickle1 (Prickle like 1) also stunts limb growth in mice. We now expanded these studies to the palate and show that Prickle1 is also required for palate development, like Wnt5a and Ror2. Unlike in the limb, the Vangl2looptail mutation only aggravates palate defects caused by other mutations. We screened Filipino cleft palate patients and found PRICKLE1 variants, both common and rare, at an elevated frequency. Our results reveal that in mice and humans PRICKLE1 directs palate morphogenesis; our results also uncouple Prickle1 function from Vangl2 function. Together, these findings suggest mouse and human palate development is guided by PCP‐Prickle1 signaling that is probably not downstream of Vangl2.
Hydroxytyrosol attenuates tunicamycin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in human hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Giordano Elena , Davalos Alberto , Nicod Nathalie , Visioli Francesco 
Published: December 2013

ScopeHydroxytyrosol (HT) is a phenolic compound peculiarly abundant in olives and it is being recognized as a protector of LDL from oxidation. In addition to lipid oxidation, one emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease is ER stress. We tested the effect of HT on the modulation of ER stress in HepG2 cells.Methods and resultsHepG2 cells were treated with 1 μM and 5 μM of HT and 100 μM lipoic acid (LA) and glutathione—ethyl ester (GSH), for 24 h. Induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR) was initiated by treatment with 2 μg/mL tunicamycin for 4 h. Real time RT‐PCR analyses followed by Western blot and ELISA of different ER stress markers revealed that the protective activities of HT were superior to those of two known thiolic antioxidants, i.e., LA and GSH.ConclusionMounting evidence indicates the ER as an important target of dietary or pharmacological intervention. In this paper, we report the modulatory activities of physiological concentrations of HT toward ER stress and we shed some light on pathways alternative to the well‐known antioxidant mechanisms, through which olive oil phenolics modulate cell signaling and could impact cardiovascular health and degenerative diseases.
Altered human gut dendritic cell properties in ulcerative colitis are reversed by Lactobacillus plantarum extracellular encrypted peptide STp
Authors: Al‐Hassi Hafid O. , Mann Elizabeth R. , Sanchez Borja , English Nicholas R. , Peake Simon T.C. , Landy Jonathan , Man Ripple , Urdaci Maria , Hart Ailsa L. , Fernandez‐Salazar Luis , Lee Gui Han , Garrote Jose A. , Arranz Eduardo , Margolles Abelardo , Stagg Andrew J. , Knight Stella C. , Bernardo David 
Published: December 2013

ScopeThe human/microbiota cross‐talk is partially mediated by bacteria‐derived peptides like Serine‐Threonine peptide (STp), which is resistant to gut proteolysis, is found in the human healthy colon and induces regulatory properties on gut dendritic cells (DCs); here we characterized human gut DC in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and studied the effect of STp on their properties.Methods and resultsHuman colonic DC from healthy controls and UC patients were isolated, conditioned for 24 h +/− STp and characterized by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. Expression of immature DC markers DC‐SIGN and ILT3, and Toll‐like receptors were increased on gut UC‐DC. Langerin (involved in phagocytosis), lymph node homing marker CCR7, and activation markers CD40/CD80/CD86 were decreased in UC. Gut DC had restricted stimulatory capacity for T‐cells in UC. Conditioning of DC with STp in vitro reduced Toll‐like receptor expression, increased CD40 and CD80 expression, and restored their stimulatory capacity.ConclusionColonic DCs display an abnormal immature phenotype in UC, which was partially restored following STp treatment. Bacteria‐derived metabolites, like STp, seem to have a role in gut homeostasis that is missing in UC so they might lead a new era of probiotic products setting the basis for nondrug dietary therapy in inflammatory bowel disease.
Optimal feeding strategy for the minimal time problem of a fed‐batch bioreactor with mortality rate
Authors: Bayen T. , Mairet F. , Mazade M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThis paper is devoted to the study of an optimal control problem for a fed‐batch bioreactor with one species and one substrate. Our objective is to obtain an optimal feedback control, steering the system in minimal time to a given target defined by conditions on the substrate concentration and the volume of the reactor. The novelty in this work is that a mortality rate for the biomass and hydrolysis of dead biomass are included in the model. The optimal synthesis (optimal feeding strategy) has been obtained by Moreno (1999) when both mortality and hydrolysis are considered negligible. Whenever the model includes these effects, the total mass of the system is no longer conserved, and it is not possible to reduce the dimension of the system. Thanks to the Pontryagin maximum principle and the Hamilton–Jacobi equation, we overcome this difficulty and provide an optimal synthesis of the problem in the impulsive framework. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time to disease progression in children with relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma treated with ABT‐751: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (ANBL0621)
Authors: Fox Elizabeth , Mosse' Yael P. , Meany Holly M. , Gurney James G. , Khanna Geetika , Jackson Hollie A. , Gordon Gary , Shusterman Suzanne , Park Julie R. , Cohn Susan L. , Adamson Peter C. , London Wendy B. , Maris John M. , Balis Frank M. 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundABT‐751, an orally bioavailable sulfonamide binds the colchicine site of beta‐tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerizaton. Prior phase I studies established the recommended dose in children with solid tumors as 200 mg/m2 PO daily × 7 days every 21 days and subjects with neuroblastoma experienced prolonged stable disease. We conducted a phase 2 study (NCT00436852) in children and adolescents with progressive neuroblastoma to determine if ABT‐751 prolonged the time to progression (TTP) compared to a hypothesized standard based on a historical control population.ProcedureChildren and adolescents (n = 91) with a median (range) age 7.7 (2.3–21.5) years and progressive neuroblastoma were enrolled and stratified by disease status into disease measureable by CT/MRI (n = 47) or disease assessable by 123I‐metaiodobenzylguanine scintigraphy (MIBG, n = 44). Response was evaluated using RECIST for measureable disease and the Curie score for MIBG‐avid disease.ResultsABT‐751 was well tolerated. The objective response rate was 7%. The median TTP was 42 days (95% CI: 36, 56) in the measureable disease stratum and 45 days (95% CI: 42, 85) in the MIBG‐avid disease stratum. TTP was similar to the historical control group (n = 136, median TTP 42 days). For the combined strata (n = 91), 1‐year progression free survival (PFS) was 13 ± 4% and overall survival (OS) was 48 ± 5%.ConclusionsThe low objective response rate and failure to prolong TTP indicate that ABT‐751 is not sufficiently active to warrant further development for neuroblastoma. However, this trial demonstrates the utility of TTP as the primary endpoint in phase 2 trials in children and adolescents with neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:990–996. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.