bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using a participatory action research approach to explore, understand and evaluate well-being among children living in socially deprived areas in Southern Sweden: a study protocol
Authors: Ramji Rathi , Mangrio Elisabeth , Sterner Therese , Forss Katarina Sjogren , Zdravkovic Slobodan , Kottorp Anders , Burenby-Yxne Louise , Isma Gabriella , Stanikowska Monika , Brandelius Julia , Journiette Talina Marcusson , Rämgård Margareta 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionResearch suggests that participating in after-school leisure activities has been related to promoting health, well-being and safety among children living in disadvantaged neighbourhoods. The United Nations Child Rights Convention emphasises the inclusion of children in decisions that concern them. However, children seldom are involved in designing implementing and evaluating health promotional environments. The aim of this programme is through a participatory process with children, parents/guardians, and peer-activity leaders explore, measure and evaluate the impact on children’s overall well-being related to the social context in an already established health promotion environments in Southern Sweden.Methods and analysisThe project is based on a previously implemented unique community-based participatory research (CBPR) model for equal health in three socially disadvantaged areas in Malmö. All activity house (AAH) is a meeting place for children established in schools but after school time by the culture department of the Malmö municipality. In AAH migrant children participate in need-driven after school activities that they themselves create and develop. To increase participation of the children and ensure that these environments are based on their needs, 30 children (10–12 years), parents/guardians (30), peer-activity leaders (15), and researchers create CBPR teams in the areas and engage in a participatory process. The children reflect, analyse and write about their well-being; identify and discuss key factors in an iterative process, which also includes a strategic group of stakeholders. The children then develop and validate (with 100 other children from AAH) the Socioculturally Aligned Survey Instrument for Children survey inspired by the KIDSSCREEN V.27. The survey tool so developed will further be used to evaluate AAH and will be distributed to all children participating in their activities.Ethics and disseminationThis programme has been approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The results from this programme will be published as reports and scientific publication.
Hotspot analysis of anaemia among pregnant women in Ethiopia: hotspot analysis of national demographic and health survey data
Authors: Alie Melsew Setegn , Gichew Simegnew , Alemayehu Dereje 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAnaemia is a significant global health problem, especially, in developing nations like Ethiopia. Despite increasing rates over the past two decades, there is limited research on the specific prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the country.ObjectiveTo identify hotspot areas of anaemia-associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Study designCross-sectional.SettingEthiopian demographic study from 2005 to 2016.ParticipantsThis study analysed 3350 pregnant women.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHotspot area of anaemia among pregnant women, trend of anaemia and associated factors.ResultsThe prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women has shown significant fluctuations over the years. Between 2005 and 2011, there was a notable decrease from 30.9% to 21.5% while the prevalence increased from 21.5% in 2011 to 29.58% in 2016. The identified determinants of anaemia among pregnant women were female-headed household, belonging to the highest wealth quintile, being in the second or third trimester of pregnancy, being a working woman and residing in the Somalia region. Hotspot areas, where the prevalence of anaemia was particularly high, were identified in Somalia, Dire Dawa, Afar and Harari regions.ConclusionAnaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern in Ethiopia, with a concerning increase between 2011 and 2016. Hotspot areas like Somali, Dire Dawa, Afar and Harari are particularly affected. Shockingly, nearly one in three pregnant women in Ethiopia suffer from anaemia. To address this issue effectively, targeted interventions prioritising economically disadvantaged households and pregnant women in their second and third trimesters are crucial. Monitoring spatial patterns and contributing factors is vital to develop tailored interventions and improve maternal health outcomes in these high-risk areas. By strategically targeting hotspot areas nationwide, significant progress can be made in reducing anaemia among pregnant women.
An ecological dynamics approach to promote physical literacy and well-being of primary school children: a cluster randomised controlled trial study protocol
Authors: Sum Kim Wai Raymond , Sit Cindy Hui-ping , Rudd James Robert , Chow Jia yi , Zhang Xiao fei 
Published: August 2024

Background
Little is known about the impact of an ecological dynamics (ED) intervention (EDI) on primary school children’s physical literacy and well-being in the Hong Kong context. The aim of this project is to introduce a physical literacy and well-being framework through an EDI that allows primary school children to develop good physical activity (PA) and daily behavioural habits.

Methods and analysis
A four-arm (cluster) randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the effect of EDI on physical literacy and well-being in primary schools located in each of the 18 administrative districts of Hong Kong. Four classes in senior primary students (grade 4) at each school will be randomly assigned to the four different conditions. These participating schools will be equipped with sit–stand desks, PA recess facility and equipment, and sleep pillows. The research team will adopt both objective measures (aerobic fitness, fundamental movement skills, daily behaviour—physical activity and cognitive function) and self-reported measures (perceived physical literacy, quality of life, sleep quality) covering the elements and domains of physical literacy and well-being to examine the effects of EDIs at four time points, including baseline assessment, 3 months after intervention, postintervention and 3-month follow-up assessment. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) will be used to test for differences in the baseline characteristics of participants between groups. Repeated measure ANOVAs and MANCOVA, with time (baseline, after intervention and follow-up) as within-subjects factor, and intervention group as between-subjects factors, will be used to evaluate the effects of different interventions on the students’ physical literacy and well-being. A Bonferonni correction to the p value will be calculated to adjust for multiple tests.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval was sought from the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee in Hong Kong (CREC Ref.No.:2024.027). The finding of this study will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journals, international conference presentations and academic lectures. For secondary analysis of the data, please contact the corresponding author for permission.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN84025914
Rational prescribing and dispensing of oral dosage forms of medicines to children: an observational study
Authors: Kemal Leila Kenzu , Abebe Rahel Belete , Sendekie Ashenafi Kibret , Zeleke Tirsit Ketsela , Mehari Eden Abetu , Mekonnen Gizework Alemnew , Sema Faisel Dula 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIrrational prescribing and dispensing of oral dosage forms of medicines to paediatric patients are major public health issues, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. Many challenges affect the rational use of oral dosage forms of medicines in children; these include a lack of dosage forms appropriate for the age and a lack of dose flexibility in dosage forms.ObjectivesTo assess the rational prescribing and dispensing practices of oral dosage forms to children at dispensaries of the University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialised Hospital (UoGCSH).MethodA retrospective design for prescribing indicators and a cross-sectional study design to assess rational dispensing were used at the outpatient dispensary units of UoGCSH. A total of 931 oral dosage forms to assess prescribing indicators and 400 for dispensing indicators were used. The data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS V.26.0, IBM Corporation). Descriptive statistics were used to analyse indicators, and the χ2test was used to compare indicators between dispensaries.ResultOut of a total of 931 oral dosage forms for 700 prescriptions, 56.3% were solid oral dosage forms. An average number of oral dosage forms per child was 1.33±0.62. Only 150 (16.13%) (95% CI: 14% to 18.4%) were adequate for the weight of the child. The percentage of oral dosage forms not suitable for the age was 7.1% (66), (95% CI: 5.6% to 8.8%), and about 0.8% (95% CI: 0% to 1.8%) were adequately labelled. Drugs that needed manipulation before administering a single unit were 81 (39.7%), 95% CI: 33.7% to 47.1%.ConclusionThe proportion of the prescribed medications that were adequate for the weight of the child was low, although the majority of prescriptions' weights were not recorded. Oral dosage forms not suitable for children were prescribed. The proportion of medications that needed manipulation before being administered as a single unit was high.
Clinical features, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents in Sana’a, Yemen
Authors: Gunaid Abdallah Ahmed , Ogle Graham D , Al-Qadasi Farouk Abdulrahman , Al-Radaei Ahmed Nasser , Maniam Jayanthi , El-Shoubaki Hadeel Radwan 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThere is little published information on type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children in Yemen. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics, biomarkers and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of T1D among children and adolescents in a diabetes centre in Sana’a, Yemen.MethodsA total of 485 children and adolescents aged ≤18 years diagnosed with T1D during the period 2010–2020 were included in the study. The variables investigated were demographic and clinical characteristics, biomarkers, subtypes of T1D, and the risk factors for severe DKA at diagnosis.ResultsAt diagnosis, children aged <10 years compared with those aged ≥10 years had higher mean plasma glucose (p<0.001) and mean HbA1c (p=0.026), and lower mean C-peptide (pmol/L) (p=0.019), and a higher frequency of DKA at diagnosis than older children (p<0.001). A majority of the study population (383, 79%) presented in DKA . Children aged <10 years presenting with DKA had significantly longer median appraisal interval (p=0.009) and median total diagnosis interval (p=0.025), and significantly lower mean C-peptide (p=0.001) as compared with their peers without DKA. The prevalence of autoantibody-negative ‘idiopathic’ T1D was 36 (32%) of the total number tested for autoantibody and familial T1D 61 (12.6%) of all the study population.ConclusionIn Yemen children aged <10 years with new-onset T1D frequently faced the challenge of a delay in diagnosis and treatment initiation, with severe hyperglycaemia and a higher risk of DKA at diagnosis.
“I don’t know the correct way to describe it”: neuropathic pain experiences among athletes with spinal cord injury
Authors: Todd Kendra , Kramer John , Olsen Kenedy , Martin Ginis Kathleen 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundChronic pain among athletes is often misinterpreted as tissue damage resulting from sport. While researchers have started to examine neuropathic pain among athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI), there is a need to develop a deeper understanding of their neuropathic pain symptoms and experiences, to support the development of evidence-based pain management protocols.ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this study was to describe neuropathic pain experienced by athletes with SCI. A secondary purpose was to compare athletes’ neuropathic pain symptoms when measured by two different clinical pain assessment tools and describe their experiences when trying to communicate their neuropathic pain.Methods47 athletes with SCI completed the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set (V.2.0), Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4), and two open-ended pain questions over the telephone.Results66% of participants reported experiencing moderate-intensity neuropathic pain (Mpain intensity=5.32±1.78) and mild-to-moderate pain interference with activities of daily living (Mpain interference=3.55±2.11) and sleep (Mpain interference4.68±2.92). Overall, participants reported significantly more neuropathic pain symptoms in response to DN4 questions (M=4.62±1.38) versus open-ended pain questions (M=2.13±1.08), p<0.001. Participants reported difficulty with identifying neuropathic pain, describing their pain symptoms and identifying pain locations.ConclusionAthletes with SCI reported moderate-intensity neuropathic pain. However, they struggled with communicating their neuropathic pain without being prompted with a list of symptoms. To guide the development of effective pain management strategies among athletes with SCI, future research should focus on developing knowledge products to improve awareness of common neuropathic pain descriptors among athletes with SCI and sports medicine personnel.
Qualitative and quantitative return-to-sport test battery and second anterior cruciate ligament injury risk factors
Authors: Butler Lauren , Martinez Alexa , Entessari Mina , Cardenas Gabriel , Wright Margaret , Sugimoto Dai 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo determine risk factors for second anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury following primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) using return-to-sport (RTS) tests consisting of qualitative and quantitative measures in young athletes.MethodsA case–control study design was used, and a retrospective review of adolescent athletes after primary ACLR was performed. All athletes completed an RTS test consisting of qualitative and quantitative assessments and psychological assessments with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. Athlete demographics, surgical characteristics and sports participation were also examined. A binary logistic regression was performed to verify an independent association between risk factors and second ACL injury using adjusted OR (aORs), 95% CI and p<0.05.ResultsIn 72 eligible athletes, 12 (16.7%) suffered a second ACL injury. The mean Tegner activity level was 8.4+1.1, and the mean time from ACLR to RTS test completion was 10.4+2.9 months. One variable that showed the lowest p-value in the preliminary analysis was entered into the binary logistic regression model, which resulted in that qualitative assessment of knee valgus during the sidestep cut was associated with second ACL injury (aOR=4.64, 95% CI: 1.18 to 18.23, p=0.03).ConclusionAthletes who demonstrated excessive dynamic knee valgus on the involved limb during the sidestep cut were approximately 4.6 times more likely to suffer a second ACL injury.
Non-inferiority study assessing the utility of postcervical and lumbar radiofrequency ablation steroid use
Authors: Williams Mark R , Philip Annie , Sheen Soun , Aujla Saumya , Feng Changyong , Gao Shan , Kralovic Sarah , Poli Joseph , Ortiz Tammy , Stefanos Tatsiana , Pennella-Vaughan Janet , Gewandter Jennifer S 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionMany physicians administer steroids after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to mitigate postprocedural inflammation and decrease postprocedural pain. However, robust evidence supporting the benefits of steroids after RFA is lacking and steroids have risks.MethodsThis study was a single-center, prospective, observational study designed to assess whether RFA alone is inferior to RFA with steroids for postprocedure pain. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age and scheduled to undergo cervical or lumbar RFA. The primary outcome measure was the average pain score on the numeric rating scale (NRS) 7 days after the RFA. The secondary outcome measures included anxiety, depression and physical function, measured via the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System short forms. All outcome measures were completed prior to the procedure and at 7 and 60 days postprocedure.ResultsOut of the 365 participants who completed baseline assessments, 175 received steroids and 190 did not receive steroids. The pain intensity at 7 days postprocedure was similar between the steroid and non-steroid groups (mean difference (steroid−non-steroid): −0.23). The 95% CI of the estimate (−0.76 to 0.30) was within the prespecified non-inferiority margin of 1.5 NRS points. Similar results were obtained for pain at 60 days (mean difference: 0.09; 95% CI −0.48 to 0.65). No significant differences between groups were observed for anxiety, depression or physical function at either 7 or 60 days.ConclusionThis study suggests that the addition of steroids to the RFA procedure does not provide added benefits and is therefore not worth the additional risks that they pose.
Sacituzumab Govitecan Demonstrates Efficacy across Tumor Trop-2 Expression Levels in Patients with Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Authors: Loriot Yohann , Balar Arjun V. , Petrylak Daniel P. , Kalebasty Arash R. , Grivas Petros , Fléchon Aude , Jain Rohit K. , Swami Umang , Bupathi Manojkumar , Barthélémy Philippe , Beuzeboc Philippe , Palmbos Phillip , Kyriakopoulos Christos E. , Pouessel Damien , Sternberg Cora N. , Tonelli Julia , Sierecki Mitch , Zavodovskaya Marianna , Elboudwarej Emon , Diehl Lauri , Jürgensmeier Juliane M. , Tagawa Scott T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Human trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a protein highly expressed in urothelial cancer (UC). Sacituzumab govitecan (SG) is a Trop-2–directed antibody drug conjugate with a hydrolysable linker and a potent SN-38 payload. This study explored Trop-2 expression in tumors treated with SG in cohorts 1 to 3 (C1–3) from the TROPHY-U-01 study and evaluated whether efficacy was associated with Trop-2 expression.

Patients and Methods:
TROPHY-U-01 (NCT03547973) is an open-label phase II study that assessed the efficacy and safety of SG (alone or in combinations) in patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic UC (mUC). Archival tumor samples collected at enrollment for C1–3 were analyzed for Trop-2 membrane expression by considering histological scores (H-scores; scale 0–300) and the percentage of membrane positive tumor cells at low magnification (4×). The association of Trop-2 with clinical endpoints [objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS)] was evaluated.

Results:
In C1–3, tissue was collected from 158 (82%) of 192 treated patients, and 146 (76%) had evaluable Trop-2 data. Trop-2 was highly expressed in tumor samples. The median [interquartile range (IQR)] Trop-2 H-score was 215 (180–246), and the median (IQR) percentage of membrane positive tumor cells was 91% (80–98). Trop-2 expression at any level was observed in 98% of patients. Furthermore, ORR, PFS, and OS benefits were observed across all Trop-2 expression levels.

Conclusions:
Trop-2 protein is highly expressed in UC, as confirmed by examining tumors from patients enrolled in the TROPHY-U-01 trial. The results indicate that SG demonstrates efficacy in mUC across Trop-2 expression levels.
Psychosocial Consequences Among Witch-hunting Survivors: A Qualitative Study from Jharkhand, India
Authors: Alagarsami A.R.  , Kannekanti Prasad , Rajan Anjanik Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Background: Witch-hunting is an evil practice and part of the culture of many marginalized groups in India and globally. The unethical ways of barbarity against women happening in the name of the witch-hunting practice is another face of gender-based discrimination against women who are denied basic living rights. This study aims to understand the psychosocial consequences experienced by witch-hunting survivors. Methods: This study applied phenomenological research design and collected data using in-depth interviews through purposive sampling, which include ten witch-hunting survivors from seven rural and tribal districts of Jharkhand, who were identified at least one year before by the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society (JSLPS). In-depth interviews were analyzed based on thematic analysis steps by Braun and Clarke, 2006. Results: The themes of this study findings comprise the various ways in which a woman is being branded as a witch and how they are intended to go through shame, stigma, and discrimination; in addition to that, this study also explores the mental health issues faced by the witch-hunting survivors and the protective factors which lend a hand for them to fight back against the sociocultural drawbacks. Conclusion: It is evident from this study results that the survivors experience mental health issues. This study suggests the urgent need to strengthen the civic system to enhance better support for survivors. In the meantime, addressing their challenges, including mental health needs, will contribute to a better quality of life.
Addressing Breast Cancer Equity Through Virtual Community Oncology Navigation and Engagement (vCONET)
Authors: Salinas Manisha , Odedina Folakemi T. 
Published: August 2024

Background Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the United States, Black women face significant disparities in screening mammograms, experience higher rates of breast cancer at advanced stages, and are more likely to die from the disease. Aims This study aimed to develop and beta-test a virtual health navigation program to enhance breast cancer care within the Black community. We identified barriers to utilizing virtual patient navigators and factors impacting the adoption of virtual navigation for breast cancer information among Black women. Methods The vCONET (Virtual Community Oncology Navigation and Engagement) intervention was delivered through the Second Life virtual platform. The informational content was collaboratively developed with community members. Participants engaged in an informational session on risk factors, mammography information, and preventive behaviors. Surveys (n = 18) and focus groups (n = 9) assessed knowledge and insights into perceptions. Results Findings revealed a positive impact of the intervention, with participants expressing increased knowledge and willingness to seek further information about breast cancer prevention, and highlighted the engaging nature of the virtual environment, while acknowledging potential technological challenges. Conclusion Virtual health navigation shows promise in addressing breast cancer disparities by promoting awareness among Black women. Future efforts should optimize virtual navigation approaches through collaborative engagement for lasting impact, enhancing breast cancer care and equity in communities of color.