bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secretome diversity and quantitative analysis of cellulolytic Aspergillus fumigatusZ5 in the presence of different carbon sources
Authors: Liu Dongyang , Li Juan , Zhao Shuang , Zhang Ruifu , Wang Mengmeng , Miao Youzhi , Shen Yifei , Shen Qirong 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background

Aspergillus fumigatus Z5 has a strong ability to decompose lignocellulose biomass, and its extracellular protein secretion has been reported in earlier studies employing traditional techniques. However, a comprehensive analysis of its secretion in the presence of different carbon sources is still lacking. The goal of this work was to identify, quantify and compare the secretome of A. fumigatus Z5 in the presence of different carbon sources to understand in more details the mechanisms of lignocellulose decomposition by Aspergillus fumigatus Z5.

Results
Cellulolytic A. fumigatus Z5 was grown in the presence of glucose (Gl), Avicel (Av) and rice straw (RS), and the activities of several lignocellulosic enzymes were determined with chromatometry method. The maximum activities of endoglucanase, exoglucanase, β-glucosidase, laminarinase, lichenase, xylanase and pectin lyase were 12.52, 0.59, 2.30, 2.37, 1.68, 15.02 and 11.40 U·ml-1, respectively. A total of 152, 125 and 61 different proteins were identified in the presence of RS, Av and Gl, respectively, and the proteins were functionally divided into glycoside hydrolases, lipases, peptidases, peroxidases, esterases, protein translocating transporters and hypothetical proteins. A total of 49 proteins were iTRAQ-quantified in all the treatments, and the quantification results indicated that most of the cellulases, hemicellulases and glycoside hydrolases were highly upregulated when rice straw and Avicel were used as carbon sources (compared with glucose).

Conclusions
The proteins secreted from A. fumigatus Z5 in the present of different carbon source conditions were identified by LC-MS/MS and quantified by iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics. The results indicated that A. fumigatus Z5 could produce considerable cellulose-, hemicellulose-, pectin- and lignin-degrading enzymes that are valuable for the lignocellulosic bioenergy industry.
Gene dysregulation by histone variant H2A.Z in bladder cancer
Authors: Kim Kyunghwan , Punj Vasu , Choi Jongkyu , Heo Kyu , Kim Jin-Man , Laird Peter W , An Woojin 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
The incorporation of histone variants into nucleosomes is one of the main strategies that the cell uses to regulate the structure and function of chromatin. Histone H2A.Z is an evolutionarily conserved histone H2A variant that is preferentially localized within nucleosomes at the transcriptional start site (TSS). H2A.Z reorganizes the local chromatin structure and recruits the transcriptional machinery for gene activation. High expression of H2A.Z has been reported in several types of cancers and is causally linked to genomic instability and tumorigenesis. However, it is not entirely clear how H2A.Z overexpression in cancer cells establishes aberrant chromatin states and promotes gene expression.

Results
Through integration of genome-wide H2A.Z ChIP-seq data with microarray data, we demonstrate that H2A.Z is enriched around the TSS of cell cycle regulatory genes in bladder cancer cells, and this enrichment is correlated with the elevated expression of cancer-promoting genes. RNAi-mediated knockdown of H2A.Z in the cancer cells causes transcriptional suppression of multiple cell cycle regulatory genes with a distinct decrease in cell proliferation. H2A.Z nucleosomes around the TSS have higher levels of H3K4me2/me3, which coincides with the recruitment of two chromatin factors, WDR5 and BPTF. The observed recruitment is functional, as the active states of H2A.Z target genes are largely erased by suppressing the expression of WDR5 or BPTF, effects resembling H2A.Z knockdown.

Conclusions
We conclude that H2A.Z is overexpressed in bladder cancer cells and contributes to cancer-related transcription pathways. We also provide evidence in support of the engagement of H3K4me2/me3 and WDR5/BPTF in H2A.Z-induced cancer pathogenesis. Further studies are warranted to understand how H2A.Z overexpression contributes to the recruitment of the full repertoire of transcription machinery to target genes in bladder cancer cells.
Lipopolysaccharide infusion enhances dynamic cerebral autoregulation without affecting cerebral oxygen vasoreactivity in healthy volunteers
Authors: Berg Ronan MG , Plovsing Ronni R , Evans Kevin A , Christiansen Claus B , Bailey Damian M , Holstein-Rathlou Niels-Henrik , Møller Kirsten 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Sepsis may be associated with disturbances in cerebral oxygen transport and cerebral haemodynamic function, thus rendering the brain particularly susceptible to hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxia on dynamic cerebral autoregulation in a human-experimental model of the systemic inflammatory response during the early stages of sepsis.

Methods
A total of ten healthy volunteers were exposed to acute isocapnic inspiratory hyperoxia (FIO2 = 40%) and hypoxia (FIO2 = 12%) before and after a 4-hour lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion (2 ng kg-1). Middle cerebral artery blood follow velocity was assessed using transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and dynamic autoregulation was evaluated by transfer function analysis.

Results
Transfer function analysis revealed an increase in the phase difference between mean arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity in the low frequency range (0.07–0.20 Hz) after LPS (P<0.01). In contrast, there were no effects of either isocapnic hyperoxia or hypoxia on dynamic autoregulation, and the cerebral oxygen vasoreactivity to both hyperoxia and hypoxia was unaffected by LPS.

Conclusions
The observed increase in phase suggests that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is enhanced after LPS infusion and resistant to any effects of acute hypoxia; this may protect the brain from ischaemia and/or blood–brain barrier damage during the early stages of sepsis.
Comparison of cold crystalloid and colloid infusions for induction of therapeutic hypothermia in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
Authors: Skulec Roman , Truhlar Anatolij , Turek Zdenek , Parizkova Renata , Dostal Pavel , Hicks Shawn , Lehmann Christian , Cerny Vladimir 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Large-volume cold intravenous infusion of crystalloids has been used for induction of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. However, the effectiveness of cold colloids has not been evaluated. Therefore, we performed an experimental study to investigate the cooling effect of cold normal saline compared to colloid solution in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation.

Methods
Ventricular fibrillation was induced for 15 minutes in 22 anesthetized domestic pigs. After spontaneous circulation was restored, the animals were randomized to receive either 45 ml/kg of 1°C cold normal saline (Group A, 9 animals); or 45 ml/kg of 1°C cold colloid solution (Voluven®, 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 in 0.9% NaCl) during 20 minutes (Group B, 9 animals); or to undergo no cooling intervention (Group C, 4 animals). Then, the animals were observed for 90 minutes. Cerebral, rectal, intramuscular, pulmonary artery, and subcutaneous fat body temperatures (BT) were recorded. In the mechanical ex-vivo sub study we added a same amount of cold normal saline or colloid into the bath of normal saline and calculated the area under the curve (AUC) for induced temperature changes.

Results
Animals treated with cold fluids achieved a significant decrease of BT at all measurement sites, whereas there was a consistent significant spontaneous increase in group C. At the time of completion of infusion, greater decrease in pulmonary artery BT and cerebral BT in group A compared to group B was detected (−2.1 ± 0.3 vs. -1.6 ± 0.2°C, and −1.7 ± 0.4 vs. -1.1 ± 0.3°C, p < 0.05, respectively). AUC analysis of the decrease of cerebral BT revealed a more vigorous cooling effect in group A compared to group B (−91 ± 22 vs. -68 ± 23°C/min, p = 0.046). In the mechanical sub study, AUC analysis of the induced temperature decrease of cooled solution revealed that addition of normal saline led to more intense cooling than colloid solution (−7155 ± 647 vs. -5733 ± 636°C/min, p = 0.008).

Conclusions
Intravenous infusion of cold normal saline resulted in more intense decrease of cerebral and pulmonary artery BT than colloid infusion in this porcine model of cardiac arrest. This difference is at least partially related to the various specific heat capacities of the coolants.
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor GNF-2 suppresses osteoclast formation and activity
Authors: Kim Hyun-Ju , Yoon Hye-Jin , Choi Je-Yong , Lee In-Kyu , Kim Shin-Yoon 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTGNF-2, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was developed to overcome imatinib-resistant mutations found in CML patients. Osteoclasts are the principal bone-resorbing cells that are responsible for bone diseases, such as osteoporosis, tumor-induced osteolysis, and metastatic cancers. In this study, we investigated the effect of GNF-2 on osteoclast development induced by RANKL and M-CSF. We found that GNF-2 inhibited osteoclast differentiation from BMMs. GNF-2 suppressed RANKL-induced NF-κB transcriptional activity and the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1, which are two key transcription factors in osteoclastogenesis. We also observed that GNF-2 dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of osteoclast precursors through the suppression of the M-CSFR c-Fms. In addition, GNF-2 accelerated osteoclast apoptosis by inducing caspase-3 and Bim expression. Furthermore, GNF-2 interfered with actin cytoskeletal organization and subsequently blocked the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. In agreement with its in vitro effects, GNF-2 reduced osteoclast number and bone loss in a mouse model of LPS-induced bone destruction. Taken together, our data reveal that GNF-2 possesses anti-bone-resorptive properties, suggesting that GNF-2 may have therapeutic value for the treatment of bone-destructive disorders that can occur as a result of excessive osteoclastic bone resorption.
Crystal Structure and Solid-state Ionic Conductivity of Cyclic Sulfonylamide Salts with Cyano-substituted Quaternary Ammonium Cations
Authors: Moriya Makoto , Watanabe Takaaki , Nabeno Shohei , Sakamoto Wataru , Yogo Toshinobu 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Novel organic ionic plastic crystals containing cyclic perfluorosulfonylamide anions were synthesized by anion metathesis between a cyano-functionalized quaternary ammonium halide and Li[N(SO2CF2)2CF2] (LiCPFSA). The structure of [N(CH3)2(CH2CN)2][CPFSA] was disclosed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. This is the first report on the crystal structure of cyclic perfluorosulfonylamide anion.
Flexible Micro Spring Array Device for High-Throughput Enrichment of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Harouaka Ramdane A , Zhou Ming-Da , Yeh Yin-Ting , Khan Waleed J , Das Avisnata , Liu Xin , Christ Christine C , Dicker David T , Baney Tara S , Kaifi Jussuf T , Belani Chandra P , Truica Cristina I , El-Deiry Wafik S , Allerton Jeffrey P , Zheng Si-Yang 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that cause metastases in distant organs accounts for the majority of cancer-related deaths. CTCs have been established as a cancer biomarker of known prognostic value. The enrichment of viable CTCs for ex vivo analysis could further improve cancer diagnosis and guide treatment selection. We designed a new flexible micro spring array (FMSA) device for the enrichment of viable CTCs independent of antigen expression.

METHODS
Unlike previous microfiltration devices, flexible structures at the micro scale minimize cell damage to preserve viability, while maximizing throughput to allow rapid enrichment directly from whole blood with no need for sample preprocessing. Device performance with respect to capture efficiency, enrichment against leukocytes, viability, and proliferability was characterized. CTCs and CTC microclusters were enriched from clinical samples obtained from breast, lung, and colorectal cancer patients.

RESULTS
The FMSA device enriched tumor cells with 90% capture efficiency, higher than 104 enrichment, and better than 80% viability from 7.5-mL whole blood samples in &lt;10 min on a 0.5-cm2 device. The FMSA detected at least 1 CTC in 16 out of 21 clinical samples (approximately 76%) compared to 4 out of 18 (approximately 22%) detected with the commercial CellSearch® system. There was no incidence of clogging in over 100 tested fresh whole blood samples.

CONCLUSIONS
The FMSA device provides a versatile platform capable of viable enrichment and analysis of CTCs from clinically relevant volumes of whole blood.
Modeling of Basil Leaves Drying by GA–ANN
Authors: Taheri-Garavand Amin , Rafiee Shahin , Keyhani Alireza , Javadikia Payam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
In this research, the experiment is done by a dryer. It could provide any desired drying air temperature between 20 and 120°C and air relative humidity between 5 and 95% and air velocity between 0.1 and 5.0 m/s with high accuracy, and the drying experiment was conducted at five air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80°C and at three relative humidity 20, 40 and 60% and air velocity of 1.5, 2 and 2.5 m/s to dry Basil leaves. Then with developed Program in MATLAB software and by Genetic Algorithm could find the best Feed-Forward Neural Network (FFNN) structure to model the moisture content of dried Basil in each condition; anyway the result of best network by GA had only one hidden layer with 11 neurons. This network could predict moisture content of dried basil leaves with correlation coefficient of 0.99.
A Mechanism Design of Dispute Resolution Systems in a Regional-Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Miljkovic Dragan , Gomez Miguel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
We examine the problem of mechanism design of how individual produce firms within NAFTA make their decisions to belong to the Dispute Resolution Corporation (DRC) when facing a set of criteria to which they previously agreed upon. We design a dominant strategy (the truth-telling) mechanism where both Pareto optimality and optimization of DRC’s welfare are achieved. If there are pivotal firms within the DRC, necessary assumptions made for such a mechanism to work cannot be all satisfied. Next, we compare the assumptions necessary for the mechanism to function and the current system for dispute resolution of the DRC. Casual empiricism and to-date existence of the DRC suggest the existence of pivotal firms.
Extraction of Text Lines from Handwritten Documents Using Piecewise Water Flow Technique
Authors: Sarkar Ram , Das Nibaran , Basu Subhadip , Kundu Mahantapas , Nasipuri Mita 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA novel piecewise water flow technique for text line extraction from multi-skewed document images of handwritten text of different scripts is presented here. The basic water flow technique assumes that the hypothetical water flows from both left and right sides of the image frame. This flow of water fills up the gaps between consecutive objects (texts) but faces obstruction if any object lies in the path of the flow. All unwetted regions in the document image are then labeled distinctly to extract the text lines. However, the technique fails when two neighboring text lines touch each other, as water gets obstructed by the touching segment(s). To get rid of this difficulty, we have modified the basic water flow technique by iteratively applying the same over the vertically segmented document images. The main purpose of this vertical segmentation is to localize the text line segment(s) where two text lines get joined. These segments are then horizontally fragmented, and each fragment is placed suitably to the text line in which it actually belongs to. This way, the probable data loss during isolation of the touching text line segment is minimized. Both the techniques (current and basic ones) have been tested on three different databases, viz., CMATERdb 1.1.1, CMATERdb 1.1.2, and ICDAR2009 handwritten segmentation contest pages, respectively. The test results show that the present technique outperforms the basic one for all three databases.
Optionality and locality: Evidence from Navajo sibilant harmony
Authors: Berkson Kelly Harper 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhile many phonological processes are local, consonant harmony is of interest phonologically because it can occur non-locally. Sibilant harmony in Navajo requires that sibilants within a word have matching anteriority specifications. The process is described as being sometimes mandatory and sometimes optional, but neither the statistical nature of the occurrence in optional settings nor the factors contributing to the optionality are fully understood. This paper provides preliminary investigation into these issues using the first person possessive morpheme, which is underlyingly /ʃi-/ but may harmonize to [si-]. Experiment 1, an online grammaticality judgment survey, reveals that the harmonized prefix is dispreferred in all environments. Experiment 2 presents acoustic data from three Navajo speakers: though none harmonize overtly, the spectral mean and lower bound of frication energy of the prefixal fricative are affected by the presence of [+anterior] sibilants in noun stems. The overall implication of these findings is that harmony is not only optional but is dispreferred or wholly absent for some speakers. While multiple factors are investigated, the only one that consistently affects harmony is adjacency of the trigger and target, indicating that, although consonant harmony may indeed be a non-local process, its occurrence is heavily mediated by distance.
Gradient clash, faithfulness, and sonority sequencing effects in Russian compound stress
Authors: Gouskova Maria , Roon Kevin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRussian normally does not have secondary stress, but it is variably realized in compounds. We examined the factors that contribute to secondary stress realization in a rating study, where listeners were asked to rate compounds pronounced without secondary stress and with secondary stress in various locations. We refine some generalizations from impressionistic descriptions: in compounds whose left-hand stems have mobile lexical stress, acceptability of secondary stress decreases with token frequency of the compound, and acceptability of pronunciations without stress increases with frequency. Ratings improve as distance between stresses increases, and this effect is gradient rather than categorical. We also identify new generalizations about secondary stress that relates to the properties of the left-hand stem. First, we identify a faithfulness effect: stress realization is optional on lexically stressed stems, but stress movement is strongly penalized. Second, we identify a sonority sequencing effect: secondary stress is not tolerated well on linker vowels in compounds, but acceptability improves significantly when the linker is the only vowel in a stem with a falling sonority cluster. Thus, the stress system distinguishes clusters with falling sonority from other types.
First language suprasegmentally-conditioned syllable length distinctions influence perception and production of second language vowel contrasts
Authors: Krebs-Lazendic Lidija , Best Catherine T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAdult second language (L2) learners often have difficulty perceiving and producing L2 speech segments with native-like accuracy. The Speech Learning Model (SLM; Flege 1995) attributes this to perceptual distance between native (L1) and L2 segments, the Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM; Best 1995; Best and Tyler 2007) to L1 assimilation of L2 segmental contrasts. In a novel extension of these models, we examined whether experience with an L1 suprasegmental duration contrast can affect performance on L2 segmental vowel distinctions that are non-contrastive in the L1. Serbian employs an unusual type of relevant suprasegmental duration distinction, specifically morphological alternations in pitch-accented syllable duration. We assessed L1-Serbian participants' perception and production of L2-English /i-ɪ/ versus /æ-ɛ/, which involve both spectral and temporal distinctions but differ in magnitude of their temporal difference. The results indicate that experience with L1 syllable durations conditioned by pitch-accent systematically influences perception and production of L2 vowel contrasts.
Studies on DNA Binding of a Double-chain Surfactant
Cobalt(III) Complex Containing 2,2′-Bipyridine
Ligand
Authors: Nagaraj Karuppiah , Arunachalam Sankaralingam 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of the double
chain surfactant-cobalt(III) complex,
cis-[Co(bpy)2(DA)2](ClO4)3
(bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, DA = dodecyl amine) in aqueous
β-cyclodextrin medium was obtained from
conductance measurements at 303, 308 and 313 K. The CMC value was
found to be higher in β-cyclodextrin medium
compared to that in aqueous medium containing no
β-cyclodextrin. These results indicate that the
surfactant complex has been incorporated into the cavity of
β-cyclodextrin through its two aliphatic chains
thereby reduce the capacity of our complex to form micelles. This
strong interaction between β-cyclodextrin and our
complex has been confirmed by the changes occurred in the
UV-Visible absorption spectrum of the complex in
β-cyclodextrin. The surfactant complex has been
found to bind strongly to CT DNA with apparent binding constants
at below and above CMC are 1.69 × 105,
2.1 × 106 M−1 respectively. Binding of this
surfactant-cobalt(III) complex with CT DNA was through
intercalative mode via the long aliphatic chains present in the
ligands. The binding was investigated by various techniques,
UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular
dichroism, and viscosity measurements. This binding of the
surfactant cobalt(III) complex with CT DNA has been reduced in
presence of β-cyclodextrin medium due to the
combined effect of incorporation of the aliphatic chains into the
cavity of β-cyclodextrin and trapping of a base
from within the DNA by β-cyclodextrin. The
cytotoxic activity of the surfactant cobalt(III) complex was
tested in vitro on human tumor cell lines (HepG2 liver carcinoma)
using different cell death indicator stains and MTT assay and
found to be active. The experiments suggest that the complex
suffered loss of viability and death mostly through apoptosis.