bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of severe epistaxis after Young's procedure: a case report
Authors: Ting Jonathan Y. , Remenschneider Aaron , Holbrook Eric H. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disorder affecting multiple organ systems, with epistaxis being the most common manifestation. Multiple procedures have been used for the management of epistaxis in the setting of HHT, including closure of the anterior nares via a Young's procedure. While this procedure results in loss of smell and permanent nasal obstruction, proponents note significant improvement in patient symptomatology.MethodsCase report.ResultsA 70‐year‐old female with a history of HHT presented to an outside hospital with bleeding into the nasopharynx 2 months after undergoing a modified Young's procedure at an unaffiliated institution. She was transfused with 2 units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and transferred to our facility. Due to persistent epistaxis and need for airway protection, the patient was intubated and her throat was packed. She also developed aspiration pneumonia and hypotensive shock requiring vasopressors. Twenty‐four hours following bilateral internal maxillary and sphenopalatine artery embolization, she developed significant epistaxis requiring reversal of the Young's procedure on the left and placement of an anterior‐posterior pack at the bedside. Upon packing removal several days later in the operating room, she was noted to have significant bleeding that necessitated reversal of the Young's procedure on the right side to obtain adequate exposure and hemostasis.ConclusionWe report a case of significant, life‐threatening epistaxis following a modified Young's procedure that requiring multiple transfusions, bilateral embolization, and ultimately reversal of the Young's procedure for control of epistaxis. Although recognized as a potential complication, to our knowledge this is the first report in the English literature of such a case.
Use of nasopharyngeal culture to determine appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Stella , Woodbury Kristin , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRhinosinusitis is one of the top 5 diagnoses for which an antibiotic is prescribed, often without a clear bacterial etiology. This study evaluated whether nasopharyngeal culture and gram stain could serve as a surrogate for endoscopically obtained middle meatal cultures in directing appropriate therapy for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS). This study also investigated the utility of a rapid sinus test screen in differentiating bacterial from nonbacterial rhinosinusitis.MethodsThirty‐one adult patients met inclusion criteria for ABRS. Samples were obtained from both the middle meatus and nasopharynx for Gram stain and culture. Nasal mucous samples were tested with a rapid sinus test strip measuring pH, levels of protein, nitrites, and leukocyte esterase.ResultsSixty‐one percent (61%) of nasopharyngeal and 48% of middle meatal samples grew pathogenic bacteria. The concordance rate was 84% between the 2 sites (p = 0.0006). The following pathogenic organisms were detected: Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. For nasopharyngeal samples, reliance on Gram stain alone exhibited a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 100% and, similarly, for middle meatus samples, 47% and 93%, respectively. The rapid sinus test revealed a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 7%.ConclusionNasopharyngeal and middle meatal cultures exhibited high concordance for pathogenic bacteria. Gram stain exhibited moderate sensitivity and excellent specificity. Nasopharyngeal cultures could provide a viable method, especially in a primary care setting, for determining the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy. The rapid sinus test's lack of specificity precluded its utility in the differentiation between bacterial and nonbacterial rhinosinusitis.
Endoscopic endonasal anatomy of the nasopharynx in a cadaver model
Authors: Becker Adam M. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNasopharyngectomy is an accepted treatment for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma following radiation with or without chemotherapy. Traditionally, the nasopharynx has been approached through relatively invasive “open” techniques including transpalatal, maxillary swing, and trans‐mandibular‐pterygoid approaches. Contemporary management has included the use of endoscopic techniques to exenterate tumors in this location. The purpose of the present study is to describe the endoscopic anatomy of this region through cadaveric dissection and to characterize the technical limitations of the approach.MethodsFive fresh cadaveric heads were dissected to study the endoscopic anatomy of the nasopharynx and associated structures.ResultsEndoscopic dissection of the nasopharynx was completed in all 5 specimens. Nasopharyngeal anatomy including the buccopharyngeal fascia, pharyngobasilar fascia, superior constrictor, longus capitus, longus coli, fossa of Rosenmuller, basisphenoid, auditory torus, and internal carotid artery were characterized.ConclusionSurgical access to the nasopharynx has posed significant challenges in the treatment of recurrent or persistent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study demonstrated that endoscopic dissection of this region is feasible and has the potential to completely exenterate these lesions.
Cationic starch iodophores
Authors: Bendoraitiene Joana , Sarkinas Antanas , Pavelas Danilovas Paulius , Rutkaite Ramune , Klimaviciute Rima , Zemaitaitis Algirdas 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCross‐linked cationic starches N‐(2‐hydroxyl)propyl‐3‐trimethyl ammonium starch chloride (CQS chloride), N‐(2‐hydroxyl)propyl‐3‐trimethyl ammonium starch iodide (CQS iodide), and N‐(2‐hydroxyl)propyl‐3‐trimethyl ammonium starch iodide–iodine (CQS triiodide) with the degree of substitution (DS) according to cationic groups from 0.04 to 0.62, as well as cross‐linked starch–iodine complexes were synthesized and tested as potential antibacterial agents. Cationic starch iodine derivatives were obtained during ion exchange reaction between CQS chloride and iodide or iodide–iodine anions in aqueous solutions. CQSDS≤0.3 chloride can form several types of iodine complexes, such as the blue amylose–iodine inclusion complex and ionic CQS+I−·(I2)m complex (m ≥ 1). The antibacterial activity of modified starches–iodine samples against different pathogenic bacterial cultures and contaminated water microorganisms was evaluated. CQS chloride and CQS iodide were found to be bacteriostatic. A strong antibacterial activity was characteristic of CQS triiodides in which molecular iodine is present in both ionic and inclusion complexes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Endothelial Differentiation and Vasculogenesis Induced by Three‐Dimensional Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Park In Su , Kim Soo Hyun , Jung Youngmee , Rhie Jong‐Won , Kim Sang‐Heon 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRecently, an angiogenic therapy based on adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) in an ischemic model has been reported. This study demonstrates the differentiation of human ASCs (hASCs) into endothelial cells clusters by culturing the cells in the form of three dimensional cell masses (3DCMs), which is based on the adherent activity of ASCs for a substrate. The 3DCM composed of hASCs induced hypoxic conditions and expressed angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin‐8. From immunochemical staining analysis, the 3DCMs of hASCs were CD31+, KDR+, and CD34+, whereas monolayer‐cultured hASCs were negative for the these markers. To evaluate the ability of vasculature to form within 3DCMs, the 3DCMs were mixed in Matrigel/fibrin gel and injected into mice. Mature tubular microvessels perfused with blood were observed in the 3DCM/gel 20 days after injection, but not in the gel alone or hASC/gel mixture. Vasculature formed in the 3DCM/gel was recognized by antibodies against human α‐smooth muscle actin, KDR, CD31, and CD34, but not by antibodies against murine antigens. These results suggest that the vasculatures originated from the embedded human cells. The 3DCMs of hASCs could function as a source of vascular cells for neovascularization, and could also be co‐implanted with other cell types for regenerative medicine. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative Three‐Dimensional Structure of the Trabecular Bone in the Talus of Primates and Its Relationship to Ankle Joint Loads Generated During Locomotion
Authors: Hébert David , Lebrun Renaud , Marivaux Laurent 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe trabecular structure of the ankle bone in small to medium‐bodied (60–5000 g) primates of distinct locomotor types was analyzed using high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography. There are large inter‐, intraspecific, and regional (medial vs. lateral) variations in the trabecular architecture of the talar body. Body mass has no effect on the bone volume fraction or on the fabric anisotropy. However, both the number and thickness of trabeculae seem to be body mass‐dependent. All taxa show anisotropic trabecular bone, but the degree of anisotropy and elongation values vary, notably across the locomotion categories. The fabric orientation in the talar body indicates that, practically, all taxa studied display a generally consistent pattern of orientation restricted primarily to a dorsoplantar direction. We have observed a mediolateral difference in the bone volume fraction in most primates who are proficient or frequent climbers. This could reflect a specific reinforcement of the trabecular structure in response to the loads engendered in habitually sustained foot inversion. In contrast, tali of primates who are proficient or frequent leapers rather exhibit a different three‐dimensional distribution of the material, which consists of a more anisotropic trabecular structure. This could reflect stronger unidirectional and stereotypical‐loading conditions generated at the ankle joints during a leap. Finally, it appears that the talar trabecular bone structure has a good potential for predicting locomotion in extinct species. We have analyzed the trabecular bone structure of the talus of some Eocene European primates (Adapis, Leptadapis, and Necrolemur) and compared the functional signal of the external versus internal talar anatomy in these fossils. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reaction of an “Invisible” Frustrated N/B Lewis Pair with Dihydrogen
Authors: Schwendemann Sina , Oishi Shunsuke , Saito Susumu , Fröhlich Roland , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: October 2012

AbstractD‐(+)‐Camphor forms the enamine 2 with piperidine. Compound 2 adds HB(C6F5)2 at the enamine carbon atom C3 to form a Lewis acid/Lewis base adduct (exo‐/endo‐isomers of 3). Exposure of 3 to dihydrogen (2.5 bar, room temperature) leads to heterolytic splitting of H2 to form the H+/H− addition products (4, two diastereoisomers) of the “invisible” frustrated Lewis pairs (5, two diastereoisomers) that were apparently generated in situ by enamine hydroboration under equilibrium conditions.
Pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Johnson Candice Y. , Honein Margaret A. , Dana Flanders W. , Howards Penelope P. , Oakley Godfrey P. , Rasmussen Sonja A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn regions where prenatal screening for anencephaly and spina bifida is widespread, many cases of these defects are diagnosed prenatally. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of termination of pregnancy (TOP) following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida and to investigate factors associated with TOP that might lead to selection bias in epidemiologic studies.METHODSWe included articles indexed in Medline or Embase between 1990 and May 2012 reporting the frequency of TOP following prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida with English‐language abstracts, 20 or more prenatally diagnosed cases, and at least half of the study years in 1990 or later. We summarized the frequency of TOP across studies using random‐effects metaanalysis and stratified results by fetal and study characteristics.RESULTSAmong the 17 studies identified, 9 included anencephaly and 15 included spina bifida. Nine were from Europe, six were from North America, and one each was from South America and Asia. The overall frequency of TOP following prenatal diagnosis was 83% for anencephaly (range, 59–100%) and 63% for spina bifida (range, 31–97%). There were insufficient data to stratify the results for anencephaly; TOP for spina bifida was more common when the prenatal diagnosis occurred at less than 24 weeks' gestation, with defects of greater severity, and in Europe versus North America.CONCLUSIONSBecause underascertainment of birth defects might be more likely when the pregnancy ends in TOP and TOP is associated with fetal characteristics, selection bias is possible in epidemiologic studies of anencephaly or spina bifida. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein kinase a mediated anti‐inflammatory effects exerted by adenosine treatment in mouse chondrocytes stimulated with IL‐1β
Authors: Campo Giuseppe M. , Avenoso Angela , D'Ascola Angela , Prestipino Vera , Scuruchi Michele , Nastasi Giancarlo , Calatroni Alberto , Campo Salvatore 
Published: October 2012

AbstractHyaluronan (HA) fragments produced by degradation of native highly polymerized HA during inflammation may exacerbate proinflammatory responses in different pathologies. In contrast, the nucleoside adenosine (ADO) interacting with cell surface adenosine receptors A2AR, A2BR, A1, and A3, acts as endogenous modulator of the inflammation. The engagement of high‐affinity A2AR by ADO activates a pathway leading to increased cAMP production. Elevated levels of cAMP associate with the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) able to inhibit NF‐kB, hence exerting anti‐inflammatory activity. In this study the effect of ADO treatment in normal murine chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1beta) was investigated. mRNA and related protein levels were measured for enzymes, receptors and pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐alpha, IL‐6 and Il‐18. IL‐1beta stimulation significantly up‐regulated HA levels, its fragmentation, cAMP, PKA, cytokine levels, and activated NF‐kB. ADO treatment increased cAMP and PKA levels, while reduced NF‐kB activation and cytokine levels. HA inhibition by specific synthetic HA blocking peptide (Pep‐1) reduced IL‐1beta action but not ADO activity. While A2AR inhibition by specific small interference RNA (siRNA) increased inflammation and decreased cAMP and PKA levels. This study suggests that HA is partially responsible for the up‐regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes and that endogenous/exogenous ADO may reduce inflammation via PKA. © 2012 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Controlled Preparation and Reactive Silver‐Ion Sorption of Electrically Conductive Poly(N‐butylaniline)–Lignosulfonate Composite Nanospheres
Authors: Lü Qiu‐Feng , Zhang Jia‐Yin , He Zhi‐Wei 
Published: October 2012

AbstractElectroconductive poly(N‐butylaniline)–lignosulfonate (PBA–LS) composite nanospheres were prepared in a facile way by in situ, unstirred polymerization of N‐butylaniline with lignosulfonate (LS) as a dispersant and dopant. The LS content was used to optimize the size, structure, electroconductivity, solubility, and silver ion adsorptive capacity of the PBA–LS nanospheres. Uniform PBA–LS10 nanospheres with a minimal mean diameter of 375 nm and high stability were obtained when the LS content was 10 wt %. The PBA–LS10 nanospheres possess an increased electroconductivity of 0.109 S cm−1 compared with that of poly(N‐butylaniline) (0.0751 S cm−1). Furthermore, the PBA–LS10 nanospheres have a maximal silver‐ion sorption capacity of 815.0 mg g−1 at an initial silver ion concentration of 50 mmol L−1 (25 °C for 48 h), an enhancement of 70.4 % compared with PBA. Moreover, a sorption mechanism of silver ions on the PBA–LS10 nanospheres is proposed. TEM and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction results showed that silver nanoparticles with a diameter size range of 6.8–55 nm was achieved after sorption, indicating that the PBA–LS10 nanospheres had high reductibility for silver ions.
Dabigatran Compared With Warfarin for Stroke Prevention With Atrial Fibrillation: Experience in Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Jason C. S. , Chang Andy M. , Yan Bryan P. , Yu Cheuk Man , Lam Yat Yin , Lee Vivian W. Y. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground:Dabigatran is an oral direct thrombin inhibitor recently approved for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) as an alternative to warfarin. The primary advantages of dabigatran are freedom from monitoring and less interaction with other drugs and food. It is ideal for patients who are unwilling to adhere to regular coagulation monitoring or whose therapeutic effect using warfarin is not optimal despite adequate monitoring and management. However, the impact of dabigatran on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and drug compliance has been less evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and humanistic outcomes of dabigatran use in Hong Kong.Hypothesis:Dabigatran 110 mg twice daily was non‐inferior in stroke prophylaxis in AF patients compared to adjusted‐dose warfarin; while dabigatran 150 mg twice daily was superior to adjusted‐dose warfarin in the real world data in Hong Kong.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 244 patients with newly diagnosed AF and prescribed dabigatran (n = 122) or warfarin (n = 122) for stroke prophylaxis from the Prince of Wales Hospital between January 2010 to November 2011. Clinical outcomes including death, stroke, bleeding, and HRQoL using the EuroQol EQ‐5D‐5L were compared between patients on dabigatran and warfarin.Results:The median duration of follow‐up was 310 days. Stroke occurred in 2 patients (1.64%) in the dabigatran group and 4 in the warfarin group (3.28%) (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53, P = 0.47). Bleeding of any degree occurred in 28 patients on dabigatran and 38 patients on warfarin (adjusted HR: 0.76, P = 0.28), with age over 70 years and renal impairment being significant positive predictors of bleeding (P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). Dyspepsia was the most common adverse event of dabigatran over warfarin (19.7% vs 8.2%, P = 0.01). Rate of discontinuation of dabigatran was 25.4%, with dyspepsia being the most common cause for discontinuation (6 patients, 4.92%). There was no significant difference in drug compliance or HRQoL at 1 year between the 2 groups (utility score 0.77 [dabigatran] vs 0.74 [warfarin], P = 0.28).Conclusions:In Hong Kong, the clinical efficacy and safety of dabigatran were comparable to that of warfarin, and drug compliance and HRQoL of using dabigatran and warfarin were similar after 1 year of use. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22069This study was supported by the School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The authors have no other funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Care of Patients With Apparently Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis
Authors: Williamson Mary Ann , Gelfand Eli V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough most asymptomatic patients with aortic stenosis (AS) have an excellent prognosis with observation only, some patients with severely stenotic aortic valves in the absence of symptoms may benefit from early intervention. In this article, we will review the literature on the use of varied imaging modalities, clinical factors, and biomarker testing to risk stratify such patients. Additionally, we will review the role of medical therapy to modify the course in AS. Clin. Cardiol. 2012 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22072The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Ethyl Acetate: X‐ray, Solvent and Computed Structures
Authors: Boese A. Daniel , Kirchner Michael , Echeverria Gustavo A. , Boese Roland 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEthyl acetate (ethyl ethanoate) was crystallized in situ and the crystal structure was determined. In the solid, the molecule is flat withtransconformation. The geometric details of ethyl acetate as a solvate are analyzed statistically using the Cambridge Structural Database, uncovering a high degree of hidden disorder. Despite the disorder, they exhibit a preference of thetransover thegaucheisomer, with a negligible contribution of thecisisomer. These results are compared to ab initio calculations on both solid‐state and molecular level. For the molecular structures, the computed energy differences of the isomers match the statistics found as a solvent. Several DFT‐D2 methods used to calculate the solid state yield results that differ significantly from the experiment.
Fabrication and photocatalytic property of CuO nanosheets via a facile solution route
Authors: Li Fei , Liu Xueqin , Zhang Qiang , Kong Tao , Jin Hongyun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) CuO nanosheets were fabricated on Cu foils using a solution method. The method was novel, easy and can be completed at room temperature in the absence of any surfactant. The obtained materials were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy. The effects of reaction time and temperature on the morphology and formation of CuO nanosheets were investigated, and a possible mechanism for the formation of CuO nanosheets was proposed. Experiments demonstrated that the formation of CuO nanosheets were significantly influenced by the growth time, and the reaction temperature was a key factor in determining the size of CuO nanosheets. Photocatalytic performance of CuO nanosheets was evaluated by measuring the decomposition rate of methyl orange solution. About 93% of the methyl orange was degraded after 150 min, which was much more efficient than that of CuO nanoparticles.
Nucleation in a gas‐solid state reaction
Authors: Wrobel R. J. , Arabczyk W. , Narkiewicz U. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA nucleation in a reaction of a gas with a solid state where one of the products is solid (GSR‐S) has been discussed. It was pointed out that the phenomenon observed for nanopowders, i.e. nucleation in sequence of the crystallites sizes, should be valid in case of defected monocrystals. However in such a case the constituents of a monocrystal, i.e. mosaic domains separated by structural defects, should undergo phase transition in sequence of size or, in other words, the time needed for the initiation of a nucleus in the case of a small domain is shorter than in the case of big one. Finally the less defected the crystal is, the bigger domains are, and thus the longer nucleation time is needed.
Mild hydrothermal synthesis and structures of mixed‐valence iron phosphates: SrFe3(PO4)3 and the interesting Mg2+‐doped AFe3 (PO4)3 (A = Ba, Pb) in Fe2+ site
Authors: Chen Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSeries of mixed valence monophosphates AFe3‐xMgx(PO4)3 [A = Sr(x = 0), Ba(x = 0.6), Pb(x = 0.6)] were synthesized by mild hydrothermal treatment at 210 °C. Refinements of single crystal X‐ray diffraction datas show all these compounds are isostructural. The attempts to make AFe3(PO4)3 (A = Ba, Pb) hydrothermally in the experiment were unsuccessful. However, the Mg‐doped homologues AFe2.4Mg0.6(PO4)3 (A = Ba, Pb) were synthesized with the addition of MgCO3 in the reactants as mineralizer. EDS and single crystal X‐ray data refinement indicated that the Mg2+ cations were doped in the Fe2+ sites of AFe2.4Mg0.6(PO4)3 (A = Ba, Pb). The influence of the Mg‐doping on the structure and the reason why the Mg doped in the Fe(II) site instead of A site was discussed from the point of view of the bond valence model.