bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family‐based linkage and association mapping reveals novel genes affecting Plum pox virus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Pagny Gaëlle , Paulstephenraj Pauline S. , Poque Sylvain , Sicard Ophélie , Cosson Patrick , Eyquard Jean‐Philippe , Caballero Mélodie , Chague Aurélie , Gourdon Germain , Negrel Lise , Candresse Thierry , Mariette Stéphanie , Decroocq Véronique 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Sharka is a devastating viral disease caused by the Plum pox virus (PPV) in stone fruit trees and few sources of resistance are known in its natural hosts. Since any knowledge gained from Arabidopsis on plant virus susceptibility factors is likely to be transferable to crop species, Arabidopsis's natural variation was searched for host factors essential for PPV infection.

To locate regions of the genome associated with susceptibility to PPV, linkage analysis was performed on six biparental populations as well as on multiparental lines. To refine quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, a genome‐wide association analysis was carried out using 147 Arabidopsis accessions.

Evidence was found for linkage on chromosomes 1, 3 and 5 with restriction of PPV long‐distance movement. The most relevant signals occurred within a region at the bottom of chromosome 3, which comprises seven RTM3‐like TRAF domain‐containing genes. Since the resistance mechanism analyzed here is recessive and the rtm3 knockout mutant is susceptible to PPV infection, it suggests that other gene(s) present in the small identified region encompassing RTM3 are necessary for PPV long‐distance movement.

In consequence, we report here the occurrence of host factor(s) that are indispensable for virus long‐distance movement.
Classifying black and white spruce pollen using layered machine learning
Authors: Punyasena Surangi W. , Tcheng David K. , Wesseln Cassandra , Mueller Pietra G. 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Pollen is among the most ubiquitous of terrestrial fossils, preserving an extended record of vegetation change. However, this temporal continuity comes with a taxonomic tradeoff. Analytical methods that improve the taxonomic precision of pollen identifications would expand the research questions that could be addressed by pollen, in fields such as paleoecology, paleoclimatology, biostratigraphy, melissopalynology, and forensics.

We developed a supervised, layered, instance‐based machine‐learning classification system that uses leave‐one‐out bias optimization and discriminates among small variations in pollen shape, size, and texture. We tested our system on black and white spruce, two paleoclimatically significant taxa in the North American Quaternary.

We achieved > 93% grain‐to‐grain classification accuracies in a series of experiments with both fossil and reference material. More significantly, when applied to Quaternary samples, the learning system was able to replicate the count proportions of a human expert (R2 = 0.78, P = 0.007), with one key difference – the machine achieved these ratios by including larger numbers of grains with low‐confidence identifications.

Our results demonstrate the capability of machine‐learning systems to solve the most challenging palynological classification problem, the discrimination of congeneric species, extending the capabilities of the pollen analyst and improving the taxonomic resolution of the palynological record.
Restylane persisting in lower eyelids for 5 years
Authors: Dayan Steven H , Arkins John P , Somenek Michael 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe authors report the case of a 58‐year‐old woman presenting with “puffiness” in her lower eyelids persisting for approximately 5 years. While dark, puffy eyelid circles following hyaluronic acid placement periorbitally are not uncommon, what is so unusual in our case is that it was noted 5 years after treatment with Restylane. It has been our experience that hyaluronic acid within periorbital tissues can result in a negative cosmetic outcome that can persist for years after the treatment.
Does massage postapplication improve moisturizer’s efficacy? A 2‐week regression study
Authors: Hamed Saja H , Assakir Intesar , Almalty Abdul‐Majeed , Bweir Salameh 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackground  Combining massage with moisturizer application is a popular technique in beauty spa sessions. The subjective positive psychological effects of massage with moisturizer application in hand and face beauty treatment are documented by many people attending spa sessions. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the effect of local effleurage massage as an external intervention on moisturizer efficacy.Methods  In a regression‐type study of 2‐week, twice‐daily application followed by 1 week of regression, 13 female subjects applied “off the shelf” moisturizer twice daily on both forearms followed by 1 min superficial massage for one forearm randomized among subjects. The influence of massage after moisturizer application on skin barrier properties was evaluated by noninvasive measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin capacitance, and skin elasticity at baseline, day 7, and day 14 during the treatment phase, and day 21 following a 1‐week regression period, in which no moisturizer and no massage were performed on forearms.Results  The tested “off the shelf” moisturizer in both “massage” and “no‐massage” application protocols caused a comparable progressive improvement in skin hydration level and barrier permeability over the 2‐week treatment period, which was maintained during the 1‐week regression (no moisturizer) period. In addition, skin elasticity was similarly improved by both application protocols.Conclusion  In this long‐term study, the daily performance of massage after moisturizer application was not an effective external intervention for enhancing moisturizer efficacy.
Skin tightening induced by fractional CO2 laser treatment: Quantified assessment of variations in mechanical properties of the skin
Authors: Naouri Michael , Atlan Michael , Perrodeau Elodie , Georgesco Gabriela , Khallouf Randa , Martin Ludovic , Machet Laurent 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackground  Certain authors have reported the efficacy of fractional resurfacing laser treatment in patients with photodamaged skin resulting in skin tightening of treated area.Objective  To assess skin tightening after CO2 fractional resurfacing laser treatment by measuring variations in mechanical properties in treated areas. Dermal elasticity was measured using suction applied with an in vivo skin elasticity meter (Cutometer®).Methods  A prospective observational study was undertaken from January 2007 to August 2009. Laser treatment was performed with the SmartXide Dot® (Deka®, Firenze, Italy) CO2 fractional resurfacing device. Patients were offered quantified analysis using the Cutometer® before and after treatment.Results  Seventeen patients (61 areas treated) were included in the study. Median delay between before and after cutometric evaluations was 80 days. We found significant improvement in elastic (R2 +5.9%), viscoelastic (R8 −9.4%), fatigue (R3 and R9 −16.2% and −19.7%, respectively), and thickness (R0 −14.9%) parameters. These results are consistent with significant tightening and also elastic tissue improvement.Conclusions  It was possible to quantify skin tightening because of CO2 fractional laser treatment using a noninvasive technique.
The Fabi–Bolton chest wrinkle scale: a pilot validation study
Authors: Fabi Sabrina , Bolton Joanna , Goldman Mitchel P. , Guiha Isabella 
Published: September 2012

SummaryUp until now, no objective scale has existed to evaluate chest wrinkles and assess the efficacy of treatment. This study was designed to validate a new photonumeric wrinkle assessment scale using standardized photographic methodology to obtain reference photographs. Multiple photographs from 28 volunteer subjects with varying degrees of chest wrinkles were evaluated by a study team of two independent physicians. Photographs of 16 subjects representing the full spectrum of chest wrinkle severity were selected and classified using the Fabi–Bolton (F–B) 5‐point wrinkle scale (1 = wrinkles absent; 2 = shallow but visible wrinkles; 3 = moderately deep wrinkles; 4 = deep wrinkles, with well‐defined edges; 5 = wrinkles very deep with redundant folds). One representative photograph was chosen by study team consensus for each of the five scale points. A second, independent group of evaluators rated the randomly arranged photographs using the F–B wrinkle scale. The numeric results were then tabulated and compared. The F–B wrinkle scale provided a reproducible and effective method for assessing chest wrinkles with very little interrater variability. The F–B wrinkle scale is a reliable tool for the classification of chest wrinkles and evaluation of therapeutic and cosmetic interventions.
The Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita and the quest for eternal youth
Authors: Panas Marios , Poulakou‐Rebelakou Effie , Kalfakis Nicoalos , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe diachronically continuous struggle for eternal youth as represented by the Byzantine Empress Zoe Porphyrogenita (978–1050). The presentation of a beautiful empress, trying to keep her youth appearance until a prolonged age, applying on herself cosmetic essences and fragrances made in her personal laboratory into the imperial palace. The review of the relevant literature and the historical evidence derived from the historians and chroniclers of her era, as well as the surviving images of Zoe. The eye‐witness chroniclers of the era describe her as blonde, with bright white skin, lack of wrinkles, and a very young girl appearance, preserving her beauty even into her 60s. All the historical sources agree that her main occupation was the manufacture of cosmetic essences, and for this purpose, she had installed a laboratory (myrepseion) in her private quarters, where she prepared various drugs and perfumes, spending much of her time for these activities. It is noteworthy that her first two husbands died under circumstances that aroused suspicions of Zoe’s involvement in their deaths, as she had parallel love affairs. The best known image of Zoe is the mosaic panel in Saint Sophia, the cathedral Church of Constantinople and her representation has been long discussed, as she was 64 years old at the time of the scene apparently depicted in the panel, and maybe she took the opportunity of adding a more pleasing portrait of herself. The preservation of beauty is a timeless quest and cosmetic dermatology has its origins in antiquity and medieval times.
A simple idea for approximating the volume of filler needed for chest‐wall contour‐defects
Authors: Sivathasan Niroshan , Chakrabarty Kaushik H 
Published: September 2012

SummaryFillers can be used to correct contour‐defects. Due to the irregularities of defects, estimating the volume of filler required can be difficult. This frequently results in surgeons taking a step‐wise approach to filler‐injection, usually occurring over different appointments. Using a patient with pectus excavatum as an example, we provide a simple tip as to estimating the volume of filler required. In this case, normal saline was poured into the chest‐wall defect until the adequate level was reached (from the lateral aspect), while noting how much liquid was used. The patient then had a comparable volume of filler injected.
Periorbital area rejuvenation using carbon dioxide therapy
Authors: Paolo Fioramonti , Nefer Fallico , Paola Parisi , Nicolò Scuderi 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundDifferent conservative and surgical approaches are used for periorbital region rejuvenation, but none of them is effective in the treatment of the medial third of the lower eyelid.ObjectiveThe present study is designed to assess the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of wrinkles on the median and medial region of the lower eyelid and dark circles around the eyes.Methods and MaterialsFrom January 2008 to December 2010, 90 patients with moderate to severe periorbital wrinkles and/or dark circles underwent subcutaneous injections of CO2 once a week for 7 weeks. Patients were assessed before and 2 months after the treatment through photographic documentation and the compilation of visual analog scales.ResultsAt the end of the study period, patients reported a reduction of facial fine lines and wrinkles as well as a decrease in periorbital hyperpigmentation. A few side effects were observed but they were all transient and did not require discontinuation of treatment.ConclusionCarbon dioxide therapy results as an effective noninvasive modality for the rejuvenation of the periorbital area.
Seizing the Opportunity: Euroscepticism and Extremist Party Success in the Post-Maastricht Era
Authors: Buhr Renee L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCan extremist parties benefit from a backlash against European Union integration? A theoretical model that integrates demand-side, supply-side and political opportunity space explanations for extremist party success is used here in an effort to predict the conditions under which extremist parties may have utilized increased public discontent with EU integration to increase their vote share in national legislative elections. The plausibility of the model is then tested against the evidence in 14 EU member states from 1992 to 2006, with the use of matrices and political opportunity space maps. In the majority of the elections examined, extremist parties increased their vote share in circumstances fitting the theoretical model.
Policy Entrepreneurs and Foreign Policy Change: The Greek–Turkish Rapprochement in the 1990s
Authors: Blavoukos Spyros , Bourantonis Dimitris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBesides systemic changes that lead to the re-prioritization of foreign policy objectives, foreign policy change is also a result of domestic policy entrepreneurs’ pursuit of a political return. Their potential to orchestrate change depends on the existing entry barriers that emanate from the political and institutional features of the domestic policy-making process. It is accentuated by system-wide developments and security crises that illustrate old policy failure. This article discusses the role of policy entrepreneurs in foreign policy change by reference to the Greek–Turkish rapprochement in the late 1990s that resulted in Turkey receiving the status of EU candidate country in 1999.
A Symptomatic Analysis of the Justice and Development Party's Populism in Turkey, 2007–2010
Authors: Dinçşahin Şakir 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article focuses on the populist strategy of the Turkish Justice and Development Party between the 2007 presidential election, when Turkish politics experienced an impasse, and the 2010 referendum over the constitutional amendments. As a means of analysing populism, the symptomatic approach is preferred over other theoretical perspectives, including empiricism and historicism. An analysis of the discourse articulated by Prime Minister Erdoğan leads us to the conclusion that he has continually appealed to the masses with an anti-institutional rhetoric that divides society into ‘the people’ and ‘the elite’, thereby fulfilling the criteria of populism according to the symptomatic approach.
Low Temperature Synthesis, Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Srivastav Simant Kumar , S. Gajbhiye Namdeo 
Published: September 2012

Phase pure nanosized BiFeO3 (BFO) powder was synthesized by sol–gel method based on the propylene glycol‐gel reaction. The formation mechanism, crystal structure, magnetic and optical properties were investigated by thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, X–ray diffractometry, Rietveld analysis, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, SQUID magnetometry and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. X–ray diffraction and Raman studies revealed the formation of pure and well‐crystallized BFO nanocrystallites at a low temperature of 400°C. The BFO nanoparticles showed weak ferromagnetic property at room temperature due to size‐confinement effects. The UV–visible spectra showed strong band‐gap absorption at ~590 nm (2.1 eV) for BFO nanoparticles suggesting their potential application as visible‐light‐response photocatalyst.
Sintering, Crystallization, and Dielectric Behavior of Barium Zinc Borosilicate Glasses—Effect of Barium Oxide Substitution for Zinc Oxide
Authors: Monteiro Regina C. C. , Lopes Andreia A. S. , Lima Maria M. A. , Veiga João P. , Silva Rui J. C. , Dias Carlos J. , Davim Erika J. R. , Fernandes Maria H. V. 
Published: September 2012

Barium zinc borosilicate glasses with a molar composition xBaO‐(60−x)ZnO‐30B2O3‐10SiO2, where x ranged from 0 to 60 mol%, were prepared using melt‐quenching method. The effect of BaO substitution for ZnO on the sintering, crystallization, and dielectric characteristics has been investigated. The behavior of the studied barium zinc borosilicate glasses was mainly determined by the relative amount of the structural modifier oxides (BaO and ZnO) and the ionic size, and field strength of the modifying cations (Ba2+, Zn2+). Increased amounts of BaO decreased both glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature, while increasing the relative dielectric constant. Sintering occurred before crystallization for glasses where substitution of BaO for ZnO was up to 30 mol%, but for higher substitution levels, crystallization occurred during the sintering process hindering densification.
Improving stress testing compliance following chest pain presentations to the emergency department
Authors: Chung Kevin , Playford David , Macdonald Stephen PJ 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether a booked appointment time improves early outpatient exercise stress testing (EST) guideline adherence in patients discharged from the ED following assessment for possible acute coronary syndrome (ACS).MethodsIn this pre and post study with a historical control group, patients classified as intermediate risk after negative ECG and serial troponin work‐up for possible ACS were referred for EST. The intervention group were given an appointment time for EST at discharge, and the control group were given a referral but asked to book their own appointment. The primary outcome measure was the proportion in each group who attended for EST. Secondary outcomes were time to EST and rates of death, myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation within 30 days in both groups. In addition, we explored reasons for non‐attendance for EST for the intervention group.ResultsThere were 96 participants in the intervention group (mean age 55 ± 3 years) and 121 controls (mean age 62 ± 3 years). Seventy‐two (75%) of the intervention group attended for EST compared with 38 (31%) of the control group, P < 0.001 after adjustment for differences in baseline variables. A poor understanding of the rationale for EST was a significant factor in patient non‐attendance.ConclusionPre‐booked appointment times for EST improve timely attendance among patients discharged from the ED with intermediate‐risk ACS. Compliance might improve further with patient education.
Evaluation of spatial and temporal patterns of insect damage and aflatoxin level in the pre‐harvest corn fields to improve management tactics
Authors: Ni Xinzhi , Wilson Jeffrey P. , Toews Michael D. , Buntin G. David , Lee R. Dewey , Li Xin , Lei Zhongren , He Kanglai , Xu Wenwei , Li Xianchun , Huffaker Alisa , Schmelz Eric A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSpatial and temporal patterns of insect damage in relation to aflatoxin contamination in a corn field with plants of uniform genetic background are not well understood. After previous examination of spatial patterns of insect damage and aflatoxin in pre‐harvest corn fields, we further examined both spatial and temporal patterns of cob‐ and kernel‐feeding insect damage, and aflatoxin level with two samplings at pre‐harvest in 2008 and 2009. The feeding damage by each of the ear/kernel‐feeding insects (i.e., corn earworm/fall armyworm damage on the silk/cob, and discoloration of corn kernels by stink bugs) and maize weevil population were assessed at each grid point with five ears. Sampling data showed a field edge effect in both insect damage and aflatoxin contamination in both years. Maize weevils tended toward an aggregated distribution more frequently than either corn earworm or stink bug damage in both years. The frequency of detecting aggregated distribution for aflatoxin level was less than any of the insect damage assessments. Stink bug damage and maize weevil number were more closely associated with aflatoxin level than was corn earworm damage. In addition, the indices of spatial–temporal association (χ) demonstrated that the number of maize weevils was associated between the first (4 weeks pre‐harvest) and second (1 week pre‐harvest) samplings in both years on all fields. In contrast, corn earworm damage between the first and second samplings from the field on the Belflower Farm, and aflatoxin level and corn earworm damage from the field on the Lang Farm were dissociated in 2009.
A correlation between the intrinsic brightness and average decay rate of Swift/UVOT gamma-ray burst optical/ultraviolet light curves
Authors: Oates S. R. , Page M. J. , De Pasquale M. , Schady P. , Breeveld A. A. , Holland S. T. , Kuin N. P. M. , Marshall F. E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We examine a sample of 48 Swift/UVOT long gamma-ray burst light curves and find a correlation between the logarithmic luminosity at 200 s and average decay rate determined from 200 s onwards, with a Spearman rank coefficient of −0.58 at a significance of 99.998 per cent (4.2σ). We discuss the causes of the log L200 s–α&gt;200 s correlation, finding it to be an intrinsic property of long gamma-ray bursts, and not resulting from the selection criteria. We find two ways to produce the correlation. One possibility is that there is some property of the central engine, outflow or external medium that affects the rate of energy release so that the bright afterglows release their energy more quickly and decay faster than the fainter afterglows. Alternatively, the correlation may be produced by variation of the observer’s viewing angle, with observers at large viewing angles observing fainter and slower decaying light curves.