bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Out Strategies for the Russian Vertically Integrated Oil Companies in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Region
Authors: Вотинов  , Votinov A. , Афанасьев  , Afanasev Valentin 
Published: March 2014

The paper considers the major problems of integrating the RF oil companies in modern international
transport infrastructure of foreign oil and gas trade. Efficiency of diversification of export strategy and of
modernizing export capacities strategy are assessed as exemplified by the Rosneft company.
Picking of wild edible mushrooms in Finland in 1997–1999 and 2011
Authors: Turtiainen Marjut , Saastamoinen Olli , Kangas Kari , Vaara Matti 
Published: March 2014

This study reports on national survey results concerning mushroom picking in Finland during four separate years: 1997â1999 and 2011. The material was collected by mailed questionnaire surveys amongst Finnish households. The sample size varied from 1858 (in 1998) to 6849 households (in 1997) and the response rates varied from 51% (in 2011) to 70% (in 1999). The results indicate that both the rate of participation in mushroom picking and estimates of the quantities collected varied greatly depending on whether the survey was conducted in a favourable or unfavourable year. In 1998, when the mushroom crop was abundant, a total of 47% of all households were engaged in picking and the total harvest was 16.1 millionÂ kg. In 1999, when the crop was poor, the estimates were the lowest (23% and 3.3 millionÂ kg, respectively) and in a year with a relatively abundant crop (2011), the estimates were 42% and 15.0 millionÂ kg, respectively. Mushrooms were collected mainly for home use, which accounted for 85â90% of the total harvest depending on the year. Only a small proportion of all households (0.3â1.3%) were engaged annually in commercial mushroom picking. In 1997â1999, milk caps formed the major part of the total amount picked (i.e. 37â53% depending on the year), whilst in 2011 their share was approximately one fifth of the total harvest. The results also indicate that the proportion of ceps in commercial picking has increased since the 1990s
Seedling establishment on small cutting areas with or without site preparation in a drained spruce mire – a case study in northern Finland
Authors: Hökkä Hannu , Repola Jaakko , Moilanen Mikko , Saarinen Markku 
Published: March 2014

A large proportion of drained spruce mire stands is currently approaching regeneration maturity in Finland. We studied the effect of cutting â small canopy openings (78, 177, and 314Â m) and small clear-cuts (0.25â0.37 ha) â with or without site preparation (scalping) on the establishment of natural Norway spruce seedlings in one experimental drained spruce mire stand in northern Finland. The cuttings were made in winter 2004â2005 and site preparation with scalping in early June 2005. The experimental design was composed of four blocks with altogether four clear-cuts and 33 canopy openings. The seedling establishment was surveyed annually (2006, 2008â2010) from five circular sample plots (one 10 m and four 5Â m plots in size) located within the canopy openings and from 18 circular 5 m sample plots systematically located in the scalped and untreated halves of the clear-cuts. Site preparation was found unnecessary, because it resulted in a clearly lower number of seedlings in the openings. A slight negative effect was also found in the clear-cuts. In the two years following the cuttings, the number of seedlings increased quickly in the canopy openings, but more gradually in the clear-cut areas. In 2010, on average 15 500 new seedlings were observed in the canopy openings and 6700 in the clear-cut areas, of which 5050 and 1200, respectively, were >0.1 m tall spruces. The proportion of birch increased in the last two years, being ca. 22% in the openings and 45% in the clear-cuts in 2010. The spatial distribution of seedlings was more uneven in the clear-cuts than in the openings, with 41% and 20% of survey plots empty, respectively.2222
Steuerung und Regelung der horizontalen Fahrzeugbewegung mit Einzelradaktorik
Authors: Moseberg Jan-Erik , Roppenecker Günter 
Published: March 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt eine modellbasierte Steuerungs- und
Regelungsstruktur für die Horizontalbewegung eines Fahrzeugs mit
Einzelradaktorik. Ihre Aufgabe besteht darin, eine durch
Fahrervorgaben festgelegte Fahrzeugsollbewegung, charakterisiert
durch Längs- und Querbeschleunigung sowie Gierrate des
Fahrzeugaufbaus, mittels radindividueller Stelleingriffe zu
realisieren. Die Redundanz der Stellgrößen wird zur Maximierung
der Fahrsicherheit genutzt. Das Steuerungs- und Regelungskonzept
ist lediglich auf Messgrößen angewiesen, die mit in Fahrzeugen
üblichen Sensoren erfasst werden können.
Modeling, Simulation, and Configuration Improvement of Horizontal Ammonia Synthesis Reactor
Authors: Farivar Foad , Ale Ebrahim Habib 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In this work, one-dimensional heterogeneous model has been developed for an intercooled horizontal ammonia synthesis reactor (HASR) of the Khorasan petrochemical plant. The model is further extended to simulate the HASR with two quench flows. The mass balance, energy balance, and pressure drop equations have been solved simultaneously by fourth-order Runge–Kutta method using MATLAB software to obtain concentration, temperature, and pressure profiles along the reactor beds. For effectiveness factor calculation, a modified shooting method has been used to solve two point boundary value differential equations. The simulation results are compared with the plant data, and good agreement is achieved. In the following, a new configuration for HASR is proposed. The proposed design combines intercooled and two quench flow HASRs. Hence, comparing to the conventional HASR with two quench flows and intercooled HASR, it has higher nitrogen conversion and consequently higher ammonia production rate. The simulation results are compared with the conventional HASRs in order to demonstrate the improved performance of the proposed reactor.
Effect of Peak Temperature Limitations on the Design of Processes with Cooled Tubular Reactors
Authors: Luyben William L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Maximum temperature limitations are usually encountered in exothermic catalytic reaction systems due to catalyst deactivation. Therefore, the peak temperature in a cooled tubular reactor can be constrained to some maximum limit. The peak temperature is a function of many design and operating variables such as reactor volume and heat-transfer area (number of tubes, tube diameter and tube length), coolant temperature, inlet reactant concentration, per-pass conversion and reactant feed distribution. These variables affect the design of both the reactor and the separation section of the plant.
This paper explores the impact of this peak temperature limitation on the economic design of the entire process. The numerical example used is the production of cumene from benzene and propylene. Results show that costs increase as the peak temperature limitation decreases. Use of two cooled reactors in series with the limiting reactant split between the reactors is more economical than a single reactor.
On dependence consistency of CoVaRand some other systemic risk measures
Authors: Mainik Georg , Schaanning Eric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the consistency of systemic risk measures
with respect to stochastic dependence.
It compares two alternative notions of Conditional Value-at-Risk
(CoVaR) available in the current literature.
These notions are both based on the conditional distribution
of a random variable Y given a stress event for a random variable X,
but they use different types of stress events.
We derive representations of these alternative CoVaR notions in
terms of copulas, study their general dependence consistency and compare
their performance in several stochastic models.
Our central finding is that conditioning on X ≥ VaR
α
(X)
gives a much better response to dependence between X and Y
than conditioning on X = VaR
α
(X).
We prove general results that relate the dependence consistency of CoVaR
using conditioning on X ≥ VaR
α
(X) to well established results on
concordance ordering of multivariate distributions or their copulas.
These results also apply to some other systemic risk measures, such
as the Marginal Expected Shortfall (MES) and the Systemic Impact Index (SII).
We provide counterexamples showing that CoVaR based on the stress event
X = VaR
α
(X) is not dependence consistent.
In particular, if (X, Y) is bivariate normal, then CoVaR based on X = VaR
α
(X) is not an increasing function of the correlation parameter.
Similar issues arise in the bivariate t model and in the model with
t margins and a Gumbel copula.
In all these cases, CoVaR based on X ≥ VaR
α
(X) is an increasing
function of the dependence parameter.
Electrodeposition of Alloys; Application of the Markov Chain Model to Intermetallic Compounds
Authors: Bund Andreas , Lange Ronny , Plieth Waldfried , Richtering Werner 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Recently a Markov chain model has been proposed to predict the
composition of alloys as a function of the electrolyte
composition. The essential parameters of this model are selectivity
constants, describing the selectivity of the growth centers, the kink
site positions, for the ions of the metal components in the
electrolyte.
In this paper application of the simple model to deposition of
intermetallic compounds will be discussed. The Markov chain model can
be successfully applied to the formation of the intermetallic compound
NiSn. Whereas the model can describe well the deposition of Ni rich
Zn-Ni alloys at low current densities, it fails at high current
densities with anomalous alloy composition.
An Automated Method for Computer Vision Analysis of Cannon-Launched Projectile Video
Authors: Decker Ryan J. , Kölsch Mathias N. , Yakimenko Oleg A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper describes a cost effective automated methodology to analyze launch video of artillery projectiles. Image processing and computer vision techniques are used to segment and classify the projectile shape in each video frame. Within minutes of being fired, the initial position, velocity, and orientation history of the projectile in three-dimensional space is determined at the gun site. An overview of several standard methods used by the Army to characterize pitching and yawing motion of projectiles is included, as well as a discussion of the limitations of these methods. Results from real artillery testing using the automated video analysis method are validated through comparisons to results measured using conventional techniques.
Periodontal Probing Versus Radiographs for the Diagnosis of Furcation Involvement
Authors: Graetz Christian , Plaumann Anna , Wiebe Jan‐Frederik , Springer Claudia , Sälzer Sonja , Dörfer Christof E. 
Published: March 2014

Background: Decisions in periodontal therapy for multirooted teeth are essentially based on accurate diagnosis of the furcation involvement (FI). Furcation probing (FP) is still the basic diagnostic measure, although the assessment may be difficult. The aim of this study is to evaluate the validity of FP and radiographic assessment of FI compared with visual assessment during open flap surgery (OFS).Methods: In this retrospective clinical cohort study, 215 participants with periodontal disease and at least one molar treated with OFS were enrolled, and a total of 834 molars were assigned for FI by FP and in radiographs analyzed by an experienced (EE) and less experienced examiner (LE). For the investigation, 143 panoramic radiographs (OPGs) and 77 intra‐oral radiographs (I‐Os) were evaluated.Results: The Class of FI by FP was confirmed in 56%, whereas 15% were overestimated and 29% underestimated. FI Class 0 and I had been detected with high probability (74% and 54%, respectively). Of all FI Class III, 57% were detected correctly by radiographs and 32% by FP. FP and OFS revealed a weighted κ‐coefficient (κw) = 0.588; radiographs and OFS had κw = 0.542 (OPG κw = 0.555 and I‐O κw = 0.521). The interrater reliability for radiographs was dependent on the experience of the examiner (EE κw = 0.618; LE κw = 0.426).Conclusions: Experience in analyzing conventional radiographs increases the potential of correct diagnosis of advanced FI. The reliability of FP compared with radiographic assessment depends on the anatomy and location of the tooth. Both diagnostic tools should be used in cases of suspected FI.
The frequency of postoperative stroke in moyamoya disease following combined revascularization: a single-university series and systematic review
Authors: Kazumata Ken , Ito Masaki , Tokairin Kikutaro , Ito Yasuhiro , Houkin Kiyohiro , Nakayama Naoki , Kuroda Satoshi , Ishikawa Tatsuya , Kamiyama Hiroyasu 
Published: March 2014

Object
Although combined direct and indirect anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease immediately increases cerebral blood flow, the surgical procedure is more complex. Data pertinent to the postoperative complications associated with combined bypass are relatively scarce compared with those associated with indirect bypass. This study investigated the incidence and characteristics of postoperative stroke in combined bypass and compared them with those determined from a literature review to obtain data from a large population.

Methods
A total of 358 revascularization procedures in 236 patients were retrospectively assessed by reviewing clinical charts and radiological data. PubMed was searched for published studies on surgical treatment to determine the incidence of postoperative complications in a larger population.

Results
Seventeen instances of postoperative stroke were observed in 16 patients (4.7% per surgery, 95% CI 2.8%–7.5%). Postoperative stroke was more frequent (7.9% per surgery) in adults than in pediatric patients (1.7% per surgery, OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.12–14.7; p < 0.05). Acute progression of stenoocclusive changes were identified in the major cerebral arteries (anterior cerebral artery, n = 3; middle cerebral artery, n = 1; posterior cerebral artery, n = 2). The postoperative stroke rate was comparable with that (5.4%) determined from a literature search that included studies reporting more than 2000 direct/combined procedures. No differences in the stroke rates between the direct/combined and indirect procedures were found. In the literature review, direct/combined bypass was more often associated with excellent revascularization (angiographic opacification greater than two-thirds) than indirect bypass (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This experience of 358 consecutive procedures is one of the largest series for which the postoperative stoke rate for direct/combined bypass performed with a unified strategy has been reported. A systematic review confirmed that the postoperative stroke rate for the direct/combined procedure was comparable to that for the indirect procedure.
Logique d'encastrement et de découplage au sein du développement durable. Le cas des relations entre Prestataires Logistiques et GMS
Authors: George Alain , Mannarini Michel , Travaillé Denis 
Published: March 2014

La thématique du développement durable se déploie dans le cadre contractuel de la prestation logistique « aval », entre GMS et prestataires. Cette recherche exploratoire basée sur une étude de cas interroge ces relations contractuelles. Les auteurs tenteront de démontrer que le « Développement Durable et Impact Environnemental » (DDIE) devient un levier de découplage et d’encastrement par le biais d’une démarche volontariste. Ces résultats montrent l’intérêt de faire appel à la théorie de l’encastrement et du découplage. Ils questionnent et justifient les conditions d’échange, assurant une plus grande stabilité dans le temps, entre GMS et prestataires logistiques, des relations au sein de la chaîne logistique « aval ».
Communautés de savoir et innovation : le rôle de l'apprentissage. Une analyse sous l'éclairage d'une théorie basée sur les connaissances
Authors: Karoui Zouaoui Samia , Hchich Hedhli Rym 
Published: March 2014

L’ère actuelle rend la survie des entreprises dans une économie basée essentiellement sur la connaissance, de plus en plus tributaire de la variété des compétences et expertises des acteurs travaillant dans l’entreprise, et leur capacité à exploiter au mieux les connaissances existantes et à explorer de nouvelles connaissances susceptibles d’enflammer l’innovation. L’objet de cette recherche est de décrire le rôle des communautés de pratique et épistémiques selon l’orientation cognitive adoptée, dans le développement des innovations et ce à travers l’analyse du processus d’influence des communautés de connaissances sur l’innovation. Nous cherchons à nous approcher du sujet à partir du terrain au travers d’une étude de cas qualitative à visée exploratoire. Les enseignements empiriques réconfortent les prédictions théoriques et quelques conclusions intéressantes se dégagent : les communautés de connaissances sont cruciales pour déclencher l’apprentissage bidimensionnel. L’apprentissage d’exploitation et celui d’exploration ne conduisent pas nécessairement à une innovation d’exploration mais certainement à l’amélioration de l’existant.
Repenser la logistique à partir du management des connaissances. Le cas d'une mission au sein de la Mars Desert Research Station
Authors: Bonnet Emmanuel , Lièvre Pascal 
Published: March 2014

L’objet de cet article est de proposer un design de recherche visant à répondre à la question : en quoi le management des connaissances renouvelle-t-il l’approche logistique de nos organisations ? Nous montrerons qu’il s’agit d’une nouvelle étape du développement de la logistique s’appuyant sur une approche dynamique et processuelle de la connaissance basée sur des pratiques situées qui n’ont pas le statut d’objet. Nous posons notre unité d’analyse au niveau de l’ « organisant » que l’on différencie d’une représentation décontextualisée de l’organisation. Nous interrogeons ici la possibilité d’articuler une perspective de codification des connaissances à une méthode d’explicitation des pratiques. Notre finalité est de construire un « codebook » à partir des pratiques des acteurs d’une simulation d’une exploration martienne.
Responsabilité sociale chez Tocqueville et Le Play
Authors: Sabéran Shirine 
Published: March 2014

Cet article examine le principe d’une responsabilité sociale de la classe industrielle, tel qu’il a été pensé par Tocqueville et Le Play au xix e siècle : tous deux considèrent que la disparition des institutions de l’Ancien Régime et le développement industriel sont responsables de la perte des anciennes valeurs et de l’émergence de nouvelles centrées sur la seule satisfaction des intérêts privés matériels. Afin de moraliser cette nouvelle société, ils proposent une analyse des institutions à promouvoir, susceptibles de transformer les mœurs des classes dirigeantes et, par diffusion graduelle, celles de l’ensemble de la société : tel est l’objet de l’association aristocratique que défend Tocqueville et du « patronage » que recommande Le Play.
Missing carcasses, lost nutrients: Quantifying nutrient losses from deer culling practices in Scotland
Authors: Ferraro Kristy M. , Hirst Christopher 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Deer management has become an integral part of ecosystem recovery efforts across the globe. Within Scotland, annual deer culls have been implemented to control deer browsing, with the carcasses most often removed from the landscape. Given that animal bodies concentrate large quantities of nutrients, this practice may deplete ecosystems of vital nutrients.

We quantified the nitrogen, phosphorous and calcium losses from the removal of culled deer carcasses using nationwide statutory cull reports for four deer species in Scotland between 2010 and 2021. We estimate that annual losses from carcass removal over this period averaged 195,652 kg of nitrogen, 152,834 kg of phosphorus and 251,188 kg of calcium across Scotland. While both red and roe deer were culled at a much higher rate than the other two species red deer culls accounted for approximately 70% of the nutrients lost. Further, while large quantities of all three nutrients were removed from the landscape, calcium losses were particularly high.

We then calculated nutrient losses within the three land classifications used in statutory cull reporting—agricultural areas, open range and woodlands—across Scotland's Deer Count Areas. Using data from the literature, we considered these losses in the context of other major environmental inputs and outputs within each land classification. Our results demonstrate that while open range lost more nutrients compared to the other two land classifications, culling resulted in high rates of phosphorus and calcium loss throughout all land classifications when compared to other environmental inputs.

Practical implication. Our findings suggest that current practices of carcass removal are gradually stripping nutrients from the Scottish landscape, potentially undermining habitat recovery goals. While this study offers a preliminary, coarse scale summary of the issue, the way forward requires further study of local effects from carcass removal on nutrient pools and balancing deer management with habitat function through interwoven deer and nutrient management strategies.
The Second Laser Revolution in Chemistry: Emerging Laser Technologies for Precise Fabrication of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Nanostructures
Authors: Manshina Alina A. , Tumkin Ilya I. , Khairullina Evgeniia M. , Mizoshiri Mizue , Ostendorf Andreas , Kulinich Sergei A. , Makarov Sergey , Kuchmizhak Aleksandr A. , Gurevich Evgeny L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of photons to directly or indirectly drive chemical reactions has revolutionized the field of nanomaterial synthesis resulting in appearance of new sustainable laser chemistry methods for manufacturing of micro‐ and nanostructures. The incident laser radiation triggers a complex interplay between the chemical and physical processes at the interface between the solid surface and the liquid or gas environment. In such a multi‐parameter system, the precise control over the resulting nanostructures is not possible without deep understanding of both environment‐affected chemical and physical processes. The present review intends to provide detailed systematization of these processes surveying both well‐established and emerging laser technologies for production of advanced nanostructures and nanomaterials. Both gases and liquids are considered as potential reacting environments affecting the fabrication process, while subtractive and additive manufacturing methods are analyzed. Finally, the prospects and emerging applications of such technologies are discussed.