bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective Effect of Tropical Highland Blackberry Juice (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) Against UVB‐Mediated Damage in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes and in a Reconstituted Skin Equivalent Model
Authors: Calvo‐Castro Laura , Syed Deeba N. , Chamcheu Jean C. , Vilela Fernanda M. P. , Pérez Ana M. , Vaillant Fabrice , Rojas Miguel , Mukhtar Hasan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSolar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (280–320 nm) spectrum, is the primary environmental stimulus leading to skin carcinogenesis. Several botanical species with antioxidant properties have shown photochemopreventive effects against UVB damage. Costa Rica's tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos) contains important levels of phenolic compounds, mainly ellagitannins and anthocyanins, with strong antioxidant properties. In this study, we examined the photochemopreventive effect of R. adenotrichos blackberry juice (BBJ) on UVB‐mediated responses in human epidermal keratinocytes and in a three‐dimensional (3D) reconstituted normal human skin equivalent (SE). Pretreatment (2 h) and posttreatment (24 h) of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) with BBJ reduced UVB (25 mJ cm−2)‐mediated (1) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (2) 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) formation. Furthermore, treatment of NHEKs with BBJ increased UVB‐mediated (1) poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase cleavage and (2) activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9. Thus, BBJ seems to alleviate UVB‐induced effects by reducing DNA damage and increasing apoptosis of damaged cells. To establish the in vivo significance of these findings to human skin, immunohistochemistry studies were performed in a 3D SE model, where BBJ was also found to decrease CPDs formation. These data suggest that BBJ may be developed as an agent to ameliorate UV‐induced skin damage.
Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 2: main typologies, occurrences and causative factors
Authors: Boglione Clara , Gisbert Enric , Gavaia Paulo , E. Witten Paul , Moren Mori , Fontagné Stéphanie , Koumoundouros Giorgos 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe presence of skeletal anomalies in farmed teleost fish is currently a major problem in aquaculture, entailing economical, biological and ethical issues. The common occurrence of skeletal abnormalities in farmed fish and the absence of effective solutions for avoiding their onset or definitely culling out the affected individuals as early as possible from the productive cycle, highlight the need to improve our knowledge on the basic processes regulating fish skeletogenesis and skeletal tissues differentiation, modelling and remodelling. Severe skeletal anomalies may actually occur throughout the entire life cycle of fish, but their development often begins with slight aberrations of the internal elements. Comprehensive investigation efforts conducted on reared larvae and juveniles could provide a great contribution in filling the gap in knowledge, as skeletogenesis and skeletal tissue differentiation occur during these early life stages. The aim of this review is to provide a synthetic but comprehensive picture of the actual knowledge on the ontogeny, typologies and occurrence of skeletal anomalies, and on the proposed causative factors for their onset in larvae and juveniles of European farmed fish. The state‐of‐art of knowledge of these issues is analysed critically intending to individualize the main gaps of knowledge that require to be filled, in order to optimize the morphological quality of farmed juveniles.
Cascading Ecological Responses to an In‐Stream Restoration Project in a Midwestern River
Authors: Heinrich Kaleb K. , Whiles Matt R. , Roy Charlotte 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRiver restoration projects are increasingly common, but assessments of ecological responses and overall success of the vast majority of efforts are lacking. Information on potential positive ecological effects of restoration efforts can be used to justify further projects and refine methods. We examined responses of multiple trophic levels, aquatic insects and riparian birds, to a series of rock weirs installed in an Illinois river to stabilize the channel. We quantified adult insect emergence and performed weekly point counts of birds in spring at four weir and four non‐weir (control) sites. Emerging insect abundance was higher at control sites, but species richness and diversity were higher at weir sites. Total insect emergence production did not differ between site types, but emergence production of larger‐bodied taxa was higher at weir sites. Ordinations and analysis of similarity indicated differences in insect and bird assemblages between site types. Birds showed a positive numerical response to large‐bodied emerging insects, and total bird abundance was higher at weir sites. Clutch size and feeding rates of a focal bird species,Prothonotaria citrea(Prothonotary Warbler), did not differ between sites, but the number of hatchlings and fledglings was higher at control sites.Molothrus ater(cowbird) parasitism was higher at weir sites, likely because of increased edge habitat associated with weir construction activities. Results show positive ecological impacts of in‐stream restoration and provide justification for further efforts. However, forest disturbance associated with construction could offset some benefits to some species, and thus refinements to procedures may be necessary.
Evaluating Ecological Restoration Success: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Wortley Liana , Hero Jean‐Marc , Howes Michael 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAssessing the success of ecological restoration projects is critical to justify the use of restoration in natural resource management and to improve best practice. Although there are extensive discussions surrounding the characteristics that define and measure successful restoration, monitoring or evaluation of projects in practice is widely thought to have lagged behind. We conducted a literature review to determine trends in evaluations of restoration projects and identify key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed. We searched the Web of Knowledge plus two additional restoration journals not found in the database for empirical papers that assessed restoration projects post‐implementation. We quantified the extent that key attributes of success, including ecological (vegetation structure, species diversity and abundance, and ecosystem functioning) and socioeconomic, were addressed by these papers along with trends in publication and restoration characteristics. Encouragingly, we found the number of empirical evaluations has grown substantially in recent years. The increased age of restoration projects and number of papers that assessed ecological functions since previous reviews of the literature is also a positive development. Research is still heavily skewed toward United States and Australia, however, and identifying an appropriate reference site needs further investigation. Of particular concern is the dearth of papers identified in the literature search that included any measure of socioeconomic attributes. Focusing future empirical research on quantifying ecosystem services and other socioeconomic outcomes is essential for understanding the full benefits and costs of ecological restoration and to support its use in natural resource management.
Effect of nutritional status in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation
Authors: Günay Ersin , Kaymaz Dicle , Selçuk Nursel Türkoglu , Ergün Pinar , Sengül Fatma , Demir Nese 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered a worldwide major public health problem. Weight loss, muscle and fat mass depletion are common nutritional problems in COPD patients and are determinant factors in pulmonary function, health status, disability and mortality. We aimed to assess the relationships between nutritional status and perception of dyspnoea, pulmonary function tests (PFT), exercise capacity and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) using the subjective global assessment (SGA) in COPD patients who were referred for pulmonary rehabilitation programme.MethodsA total of 163 patients with stable COPD who are candidates for outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation programme were included in this study. Nutritional status for all patients was assessed by SGA. Association of SGA scores (A, B and C) and anthropometric measurements, PFT, dyspnoea scales (Medical Research Council and resting BORG scale), HRQoL (St. George Respiratory Questionnaire and Chronic Respiratory Diseases Questionnaire) and exercise testing (shuttle walking test) were studied for statistical significance.ResultsBased on SGA, 9.2% of patients were severely malnourished (SGA‐C). There were significant decreases in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (P = 0.009), Medical Research Council scales (P < 0.001) and exercise capacity (incremental shuttle walking test (P = 0.001) and endurance shuttle walking test (P = 0.009)) in SGA‐C. Deterioration in anthropometric measurements and HRQoL measures were observed in malnourished patients.ConclusionsIdentifying the nutritional status and determining any requirement for nutritional supplement is an important component of comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programme. SGA is an easy and practical method to assess nutritional status in pulmonary rehabilitation candidate patients with stable COPD.
Role of permeability barriers in alluvial hydromorphic palaeosols: The Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar
Authors: Licht Alexis , Cojan Isabelle , Caner Laurent , Soe Aung Naing , Jaeger Jean‐Jacques , France‐Lanord Christian 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study examines the lateral distribution of hydromorphy in the fine‐grained alluvial deposits of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, central Myanmar. Through detailed outcrop analysis and using a combined sedimentological and pedological approach, this study proposes a reconstruction of Pondaung overbank floodplain palaeoenvironments. The variations of hydromorphic features in the different overbank sub‐environments are then discussed and used to build a model of hydromorphic variability in alluvial deposits. Two main architectural associations with distinctive lithofacies and pedogenic features were identified, corresponding to different sub‐environments: heterolithic deposits and extensive mudstone successions. The heterolithic deposits display variegated fine‐grained lithofacies and contain poorly developed palaeosols with gley and vertic features, which are interpreted to reflect a seasonal wetlands landscape, developed in actively aggrading avulsion belts. Extensive mudstone successions with Vertisols that locally exhibit mukkara‐style pseudogley features are interpreted to represent a distal open‐forested environment. The palaeosols of both sub‐environments display dense local hydromorphic variations they are also characterized by a gradual shift from gley‐dominated to pseudogley‐dominated features with increasing distance from the avulsion belt. The clay‐dominated lithology of the floodplain parent material, which forms numerous subsurface permeability barriers, is shown to have acted as a fundamental control in limiting water‐table dynamics in coarse‐grained parts of the succession, thereby favouring hydromorphic variability. Palaeosol sequences of the Pondaung Formation contrast with the soil‐landscape associations described in other studies and provide an alternative model with which to account for the hydromorphic variability in poorly drained, alluvial soils. The model proposed as an outcome of this study demonstrates that hydromorphic variations can be dramatic in floodplains where permeability barriers are numerous. Further, the model stresses the importance of undertaking detailed lateral palaeosol analyses prior to making interpretations regarding hydromorphic variability.
Human papillomavirus reactivation following treatment of genital graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Sri T. , Merideth M.A. , Pulanic T. Klepac , Childs R. , Stratton P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractVaginal chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD) is a common complication of stem cell transplantation. Human papillomavirus (HPV) disease can reactivate after transplantation, presumably because of immune factors affecting systemic immunity, such as waning antibody titers, impaired T‐ and B‐lymphocyte responses, and the use of immunosuppressive therapies. However, a relationship between the use of local immunosuppressive agents and HPV reactivation and spread has not been previously described, to our knowledge. A 30‐year‐old woman, 2 years post transplant receiving systemic cyclosporine for cGVHD, was treated with vaginal dilators, topical corticosteroids, and estrogen for vaginal cGVHD. Colposcopy and biopsy for abnormal cytology revealed condylomatous cervicitis. Over the next 4 months, while continuing dilator therapy, linear verrucous lesions developed in the vagina and vulva, and were successfully treated with laser therapy. Use of local immunosuppression and dilators for genital GVHD can enhance spread of HPV infection. Integration of HPV screening and treatment into the care of women with genital cGVHD and development of strategies to manage both conditions simultaneously are warranted.
Record fragmentation due to transfusion at multiple health care facilities: a risk factor for delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions
Authors: Unni Nisha , Peddinghaus Marie , Tormey Christopher A. , Stack Gary 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPatients transfused at more than one health care facility face safety risks, because their transfusion record is fragmented. Blood group antibodies documented at one facility may be unknown to others. Because many antibodies are evanescent, access to prior antibody records is important for preventing incompatible transfusions and delayed hemolytic reactions. The study goal was to quantify multisite transfusion activity and its impact on antibody record accuracy.Study Design and MethodsPatients (n = 100) undergoing hospital transfusion testing were surveyed to determine the locations and dates of any prior transfusions. Also, transfusion records were examined to determine whether patients (n = 200) known to be alloimmunized at one hospital had antibody testing done at another nearby hospital and, if so, how often the results were discrepant.ResultsTwenty‐three percent (23/100) of patients undergoing type‐and‐screen testing reported receiving transfusions at 24 other facilities. Locations of transfusions that occurred elsewhere were 54.2% (13/24) at eight other in‐state hospitals, 12.5% in bordering states, 20.8% in more distant states, and 12.5% during military service. Twenty‐one percent (42/200) of patients known to be alloimmunized at one hospital had antibody test results on record at another nearby hospital. Antibody discrepancies were noted in 64.3% (27/42) of cases. The most common discrepancy was the failure of one facility to detect an antibody.ConclusionMultisite transfusions were common. For patients seen at both of two nearby hospitals, antibody records were frequently discrepant. The findings support the need for interfacility sharing of transfusion records, particularly at the regional level.
High prevalence of infectious events in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and genetic relationship with toll‐like receptor 9 polymorphisms: experience of the French Thrombotic Microangiopathies Reference Center
Authors: Morgand Marjolaine , Buffet Marc , Busson Marc , Loiseau Pascale , Malot Sandrine , Amokrane Kahina , Fortier Catherine , London Jonathan , Bonmarchand Guy , Wynckel Alain , Provôt François , Poullin Pascale , Vanhille Philippe , Presne Claire , Bordessoule Dominique , Girault Stéphane , Delmas Yahsou , Hamidou Mohamed , Mousson Christiane , Vigneau Cécile , Lautrette Alexandre , Pourrat Jacques , Galicier Lionel , Azoulay Elie , Pène Frédéric , Mira Jean‐Paul , Rondeau Eric , Ojeda‐Uribe Mario , Charron Dominique , Maury Eric , Guidet Bertrand , Veyradier Agnès , Tamouza Ryad , Coppo Paul ,   Thrombotic Microangiopathies Reference Center
Published: May 2013

BackgroundInfectious events have been reported as major environmental triggers of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). We detail here the potential association between infections and TTP.Study Design and MethodsWe recruited randomly and prospectively a cohort of 280 consecutive TTP patients during a 9‐year period. Features of infection were systematically recorded.ResultsFeatures consistent with an infectious event were observed in 114 patients (41%) at time of TTP diagnosis. Infectious agents were documented in 34 cases and were mainly Gram‐negative bacilli. At time of diagnosis infected patients more frequently had fever (p < 0.001). Infections at diagnosis did not impact prognosis and outcome. Thirty‐six percent of patients experienced an infectious event during hospitalization, which resulted in more exacerbation of TTP (p = 0.02). Infections were not overrepresented during treatment in patients who received steroids and/or rituximab. Further genetic analysis of toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐9 functionally relevant polymorphisms revealed that TLR‐9 +2848 G and TLR‐9 +1174 A genotypes were more frequent in TTP patients than in controls (p = 0.04 and p = 0.026, respectively) and more particularly in patients negative for the Class II human leukocyte antigen system susceptibility allele DRB1*11 (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Haplotypes estimation showed that 1174A‐2848G haplotype was significantly more frequent in TTP (p = 0.004), suggesting a primary role for this haplotype variation in conferring a predisposition for acquired TTP.ConclusionInfections should be considered as an aggravating factor during the course of TTP. Particular polymorphisms in TLR‐9 gene may represent risk factors for TTP.
Establishing an antigen‐negative red blood cell inventory in a hospital‐based blood bank
Authors: Le Nguyet , Harach Mary E. , Kay Julie K. , Brown Rosemary P. , Everetts Jovanna N. , Herman Jay H. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundOur blood bank is part of a large academic institution with an active sickle cell anemia program. We provide sickle patients with blood phenotypically matched for C/c, E/e, and K antigens. Since licensed reagents are available for phenotyping C/c, E/e, and K on an automated blood analyzer, we decided to evaluate whether establishing our own inventory of blood negative for those antigens would result in cost savings and decreased turnaround time (TAT).Study Design and MethodsAntigen typing of blood units for C/c, E/e, and K was validated. From March 1, 2012, to August 31, 2012, a total of 1033 units from our own donor center and from our suppliers were phenotyped. We compared direct cost savings and TAT for blood availability with historical data before we began phenotyping.ResultsThirty‐eight percent of typed antigen‐negative (AG–) units were transfused to sickle patients. An additional 35% were transfused to nonsickle patients needing AG– blood. Twenty‐one percent were used by patients without antibodies to prevent outdating. The remaining 6% had not yet been transfused by the end of the study period. From March 1, 2011, to August 31, 2011, we spent almost $200,000 on obtaining AG– blood. In the 6 months since we started antigen typing, we have saved approximately $110,000, the majority of which resulted from AG– blood provided to sickle patients. In addition, TAT for AG– units from our inventory significantly improved to 1 to 2 hours versus approximately 6 hours when obtained from our suppliers.ConclusionEstablishing an AG– inventory in a hospital‐based blood bank is cost‐effective and time‐efficient.
A novel technique for ventral orbital stabilization: the masseter muscle flap
Authors: Sivagurunathan Amilan , Boy Sonja C. , Steenkamp Gerhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLoss of the caudal maxilla and ventral orbit after tumor resections can have negative functional and esthetic influences on the eye involved. This article reports on a case of a caudal maxillary acanthomatous ameloblastoma involving the ventral orbit that was resected and stabilized with a masseter muscle flap. The masseter muscle flap was generated from the superficial belly of the masseter muscle in order to close a defect in the orbital rim, created by a caudal maxillectomy. None of the published complications such as enophthalmos, excessive lacrimation, globe deviation, or strabismus were noted, 8 months following the procedure. The only clinical sign present at the time of re‐evaluation was mild lacrimation. The authors propose the use of a masseter muscle flap as a viable technique in stabilizing the ventral orbit after caudal maxillectomy and ventral orbitectomy, preventing the complications associated with this surgery.
THE DIVINE SPIRIT AS CAUSAL AND PERSONAL
Authors: Oord Thomas Jay 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTheists in general and Christians in particular have good grounds for affirming divine action in relation to twenty‐first‐century science. Although humans cannot perceive with their five senses the causation—both divine and creaturely—at work in our world, they have reasons to believe God acts as an efficient, but never sufficient, cause in creation. The essential kenosis option I offer overcomes liabilities in other kenosis proposals, while accounting for a God who acts personally, consistently, persuasively, and yet in diversely efficacious ways. We can reasonably infer that the love, beauty, and truth expressed in creation derive from divine and creaturely causation.
ERNAN MCMULLIN ON CONTINGENCY, COSMIC PURPOSE, AND THE ATEMPORALITY OF THE CREATOR
Authors: Stoeger William R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article reviews, and offers supportive reflections on, the main points of Ernan McMullin's provocative 1998 article, “Cosmic Purpose and the Contingency of Human Evolution,’’ reprinted in this issue of Zygon. In it he addresses the important science‐theology issue of how the Creator's purpose and intention to assure the emergence of human beings is consonant with the radical contingency of the evolutionary process. After discussing cosmic and biological evolution and critically summarizing recent solutions to this question by Keith Ward, John Polkinghorne, Arthur Peacocke, Alvin Plantinga, and others, who presuppose in different ways that God is subject to time, McMullin compellingly argues for the traditional position, that God is unconditioned by time, and this enables God to work purposefully through contingency, randomness, and chance just as easily as through law‐like regularity.
AN AUGUSTINIAN PHILOSOPHER BETWEEN DUALISM AND MATERIALISM: ERNAN MCMULLIN ON HUMAN EMERGENCE
Authors: Allen Paul L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn claiming the independence of theology from science, Ernan McMullin nevertheless saw the danger of separating these disciplines on questions of mutual significance, as his accompanying article “Biology and the Theology of the Human” in this edition of Zygon shows. This paper analyzes McMullin's adoption of emergence as a qualified endorsement of a view that avoids the excesses of both dualism and materialism. I argue that McMullin's distinctive contribution is the conceptual clarification of emergence in the light of a precise understanding of matter, in light of Aristotelian metaphysics and Darwinian theory. As applied to human nature, McMullin retains an Augustinian outlook that sees spirit as emergent in the human body and which posits a credible biblical hermeneutic. I indicate briefly how McMullin's perspective could be fortified by a fuller natural theology.