bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic approaches to benign sphenoid sinus lesions: development of an algorithm based on 13 years of experience
Authors: Elhamshary A S , Romeh H E , Abdel-Aziz M F , Ragab S M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjective:To develop an algorithm for selecting the optimal endoscopic approach for benign sphenoid lesions.Methods:Charts of 392 patients were reviewed and categorised according to disease nature and extent as follows: group 1 comprised isolated sphenoid sinus lesion cases, group 2 consisted of pansinus lesion cases and group 3 comprised lateral sphenoid recess lesion cases. Surgical approaches, difficulties and complications were noted.Results:A transnasal approach was employed in 40.8 per cent of cases (23.2 per cent were group 1 patients, 16.1 per cent were group 2 patients and 1.5 per cent were group 3 patients), a transethmoidal approach was utilised in 54.3 per cent of cases (group 2 patients) and a transpterygopalatine fossa approach was selected in 4.9 per cent of cases (group 3 patients). Surgical difficulties were encountered in 11.9, 10.8 and 0 per cent of patients in whom transnasal, transethmoidal or transpterygopalatine approaches were utilised, respectively.Conclusion:Radio-pathological categorisation provided a means of developing an algorithm for selecting the most appropriate endoscopic approach. Transnasal sphenoidotomy should be the first choice of approach whenever applicable. Lateral sphenoid recess non-inflammatory diseases should be managed through a transpterygopalatine fossa approach. Revision surgery does not play a key role in the algorithm.
Immunoglobulin G4 related disease isolated to the nasal cavity: a rare cause of nasal obstruction
Authors: Morris C , Ng T , Kevin P , Singh N 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground:Immunoglobulin G4 related disease is a rare condition. Cases involving the sinonasal region are exceptionally uncommon. This paper describes a case of immunoglobulin G4 related disease isolated solely to the nasal cavity.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:A 34-year-old man presented with painless, progressive bilateral nasal obstruction. Clinical examination and imaging findings demonstrated bilateral submucosal swelling of the anterior septum and right external nasal wall. Biopsy revealed immunoglobulin G4 related disease. The patient responded to oral corticosteroids initially, followed by long-term methotrexate.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, this case represents the first report in the literature of immunoglobulin G4 related disease isolated solely to the nasal cavity.
Intentional change, intrinsic motivations, and goal generation
Authors: Manzotti Riccardo , Moderato Paolo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWilson et al. draw our attention to the problem of a science of intentional change. We stress the connection between their approach and existing paradigms for learning and goal generation that have been developed in machine learning, artificial intelligence, and psychology. These paradigms outline the structural principles of a domain-general and teleologically open agent.
Organizational structures and practices are better predictors of suicide terror threats than individual psychological dispositions
Authors: Qirko Hector 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTerror organizations tend to rely on a limited number of practices to reinforce commitment to suicide on the part of recruits. Therefore, given the many difficulties associated with identifying individuals willing to become suicide terrorists, understanding the organizational contexts in which most suicide terrorism takes place is likely to be more useful than psychological profiling for predicting future attacks.
Policy beyond politics? Public opinion, party politics and the French pro-nuclear energy policy
Authors: Brouard Sylvain , Guinaudeau Isabelle 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAt first sight, French nuclear energy policy offers a textbook example of how technical, constitutional and economic restrictions, powerful interest groups and path dependence constrain democratic responsiveness. This paper uses what might seem to be an unlikely case in order to question explanations of policy choices in terms of technocracy, path dependence and interest groups against the background of an under-estimated factor: party and coalition strategies. The original data collected on public attitudes towards nuclear energy and the attention dedicated to this issue in the media, as well as in the parliamentary and electoral arenas, show that the effect of public opinion is conditioned by party incentives to politicise the issue at stake. In other words, parties and coalition-making constraints act as a mediating variable between citizens’ preferences and policy choices. These findings point to the need to integrate this conditional variable into analyses of responsiveness and models of policymaking.
The regional North Indian popular music industry in 2014: from cassette culture to cyberculture
Authors: Manuel Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article explores the current state of the regional vernacular popular music industry in North India, assessing the changes that have occurred since around 2000 with the advent of digital technologies, including DVD format, and especially the Internet, cellphones and ‘pen-drives’. It provides a cursory overview of the regional music scene as a whole, and then focuses, as a case study, on a particular genre, namely the languriya songs of the Braj region, south of Delhi. It discusses how commercial music production is adapting, or failing to adapt, to recent technological developments, and it notes the vigorous and persistent flowering of regional music scenes such as that in the Braj region.
Spatiotemporal evolution of a thin plasma foil with Kappa distribution
Authors: Mehdian H. , Kargarian A. , Hajisharifi K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe one-dimensional behavior of a thin plasma foil heated by laser is studied, emphasizing on the fully kinetic effects associated with initial energetic electrons using a relativistic kinetic 1D3V Particle-In-Cell code. For this purpose, the generalized Lorentzian (Kappa) function inclusive the high energy tail is employed for initial electron distribution. The presence of the initially high-energy electrons leads to a different ion energy spectrum than the initially Maxwellian distribution. It is shown for the smaller Kappa parameter k where the high energy tail of the electron distribution function becomes more significant, the electron cooling rate increases. Moreover, the spatiotemporal evolution of electric field is strongly affected by the initial super-thermal electrons.
Children's syntactic-priming magnitude: lexical factors and participant characteristics
Authors: FOLTZ ANOUSCHKA , THIELE KRISTINA , KAHSNITZ DUNJA , STENNEKEN PRISCA 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether lexical repetition, syntactic skills, and working memory (WM) affect children's syntactic-priming behavior, i.e. their tendency to adopt previously encountered syntactic structures. Children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and typically developing (TD) children were primed with prenominal (e.g. the yellow cup) or relative clause (RC; e.g. the cup that is yellow) structures with or without lexical overlap and performed additional tests of productive syntactic skills and WM capacity. Results revealed a reliable syntactic-priming effect without lexical boost in both groups: SLI and TD children produced more RCs following RC primes than following prenominal primes. Grammaticality requirements influenced RC productions in that SLI children produced fewer grammatical RCs than TD children. Of the additional measures, WM positively affected how frequently children produced dispreferred RC structures, but productive syntactic skills had no effect. The results support an implicit-learning account of syntactic priming and emphasize the importance of WM in syntactic priming tasks.
Dexmedetomidine utilisation and outcomes of children with trisomy 21 undergoing congenital heart disease surgery
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Mossad Emad B. , Tobias Joseph D. , Cabrera Antonio G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction: The diagnosis of trisomy 21 in children has been associated with failed extubation after CHD surgery. Dexmedetomidine may be a useful agent to improve postoperative outcomes in these patients, such as ventilator time, ICU length of stay, or hospital length of stay. Materials and methods: The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried from January, 2008 to December, 2010 for patients with trisomy 21 who underwent CHD surgery. Patients who received dexmedetomidine were matched to patients who did not by propensity score. The primary outcome was ventilator days charged, and secondary outcomes included ICU and hospital length of stay. Results: A total of 1088 patients (544 matched pairs) met inclusion criteria. Patient characteristics were similar, with the exception of more patients in the dexmedetomidine group undergoing repair of complete atrioventricular canal and fewer undergoing mechanical valve replacement (p<0.01). More patients in the dexmedetomidine group were administered milrinone, epinephrine, vasopressin, benzodiazepines, opiates, and adjunct pain and sedative medications (p<0.01). The dexmedetomidine group had greater time on the ventilator [7 (4.5–11) versus 6 (4–10) days (median, interquartile range) p<0.01] and similar ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and mortality compared with controls. Mixed-effects modelling clustered on institution did not show beneficial effect of dexmedetomidine on ventilator time, ICU stay, or hospital length of stay. Conclusions: The use of dexmedetomidine was not associated with the decreased ventilatory time. Routine use of dexmedetomidine is not warranted in this patient population.
Large Area and Depth-Profiling Dislocation Imaging and Strain Analysis in Si/SiGe/Si Heterostructures
Authors: Chen Xin , Zuo Daniel , Kim Seongwon , Mabon James , Sardela Mauro , Wen Jianguo , Zuo Jian-Min 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate the combined use of large area depth-profiling dislocation imaging and quantitative composition and strain measurement for a strained Si/SiGe/Si sample based on nondestructive techniques of electron beam-induced current (EBIC) and X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (XRD RSM). Depth and improved spatial resolution is achieved for dislocation imaging in EBIC by using different electron beam energies at a low temperature of ~7 K. Images recorded clearly show dislocations distributed in three regions of the sample: deep dislocation networks concentrated in the “strained” SiGe region, shallow misfit dislocations at the top Si/SiGe interface, and threading dislocations connecting the two regions. Dislocation densities at the top of the sample can be measured directly from the EBIC results. XRD RSM reveals separated peaks, allowing a quantitative measurement of composition and strain corresponding to different layers of different composition ratios. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy cross-section analysis clearly shows the individual composition layers and the dislocation lines in the layers, which supports the EBIC and XRD RSM results.
COHOMOLOGY OF THE PINWHEEL TILING
Authors: FRETTLÖH DIRK , WHITEHEAD BENJAMIN , WHITTAKER MICHAEL F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe provide a computation of the Čech cohomology of the pinwheel tiling using the Anderson–Putnam complex. A border-forcing version of the pinwheel tiling is produced that allows an explicit construction of the complex for the quotient of the continuous hull by the circle. The cohomology of the continuous hull is given using a spectral sequence argument of Barge, Diamond, Hunton and Sadun.
Variation of seed zinc in a local upland rice germplasm from Thailand
Authors: Jaksomsak Pennapa , Yimyam Narit , Dell Bernard , Prom-u-thai Chanakan , Rerkasem Benjavan 
Published: August 2014

This study examined variation in seed zinc (Zn) in a local upland rice germplasm that may affect adaptation in a system of slash-and-burn. Individual seed Zn in farmers' seed lots of local upland rice varieties from a slash-and-burn system was evaluated by staining with dithizone (DTZ). Concentration of Zn in the farmers' seed lots and their single-seed descent genotypes grown at Chiang Mai University was determined by chemical analysis. The DTZ staining of individual seeds in most of the farmers' seed lots covered the intensity of standards that ranged from 19 mg Zn/kg (RD21) to 31 (Nam Roo) mg Zn/kg. Zinc content by chemical analysis was closely correlated with the weighted-average staining for each seed lot. Almost all of the single-seed descent genotypes had higher seed Zn than RD21; two-thirds were higher than Nam Roo. The variation within seed lots detected by DTZ staining was confirmed by seed Zn in the single-seed descent genotypes. Evolutionary adaptation to soil with limited Zn, exacerbated by alkalinity of the ash from slash-and-burn, is made possible by variation in seed Zn among individuals growing together in the same field, and benefits the eaters with Zn-enriched seed.
PHI Reserving
Authors: Turner Mark 
Published: August 2014

Papers devoted to the subject of reserving for Permanent Health Insurance (PHI) are not exactly numerous. The author could not find one published in the U.K., although there were papers in the U.S.A., Australia and South Africa.Most U.K. PHI papers have sought to cover the topic in its entirety and therefore do give views on reserving issues. Ironically, this paper in seeking to focus on reserving did, incidentally, find itself wandering over a large part of the PHI actuarial countryside. Perhaps this is unavoidable.PHI reserving is not just a question of ensuring adequate solvency. The reserving basis we choose can aid or hinder our understanding of the business. After all, the recognition of profits is defined by the reserving basis. If management is going to track profits in order to assist decisions on marketing position, financial strength of the office, etc. then it needs to be concerned that the reserving basis is not distorting the emerging results. An equivalent argument can be put forward in respect of the capital requirements of the business.
Retirement Age and Equalization of Pension Benefits
Authors: Carroll P. S. , Tompkins P. D. G. 
Published: August 2014

In the past three decades there have been many efforts at removing discrimination between people on grounds of sex, both in legislation and in practice. It has come to be accepted that, apart from certain excluded areas, men and women should have equal opportunities and equal rights in equivalent circumstances. This ‘principle of equal treatment’ of the sexes means, amongst other things, that there must be equal rewards for the same work.Legal effect to these concepts was given by the Equal Pay Act 1970 and the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, both of which excluded from their ambit provision in respect of death or retirement and statutory instruments then in force (e.g. the Social Security Acts, which enshrine unequal State pensionable ages).In 1986, Helen Marshall successfully won her case before the European Court, that she should have the right to the same contractual retirement age as her male colleagues. As a result, the Sex Discrimination Act 1986 modified the ‘death or retirement’ exclusions of the 1975 Act to provide that one sex cannot be compulsorily retired before the other but retained the exception that permits one sex to have an earlier normal pension age.
Down syndrome-associated haematopoiesis abnormalities created by chromosome transfer and genome editing technologies
Authors: Kazuki Yasuhiro , Yakura Yuwna , Abe Satoshi , Osaki Mitsuhiko , Kajitani Naoyo , Kazuki Kanako , Takehara Shoko , Honma Kazuhisa , Suemori Hirofumi , Yamazaki Satoshi , Sakuma Tetsushi , Toki Tsutomu , Shimizu Ritsuko , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Takashi , Oshimura Mitsuo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractInfants with Down syndrome (DS) are at a high risk of developing transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM). A GATA1 mutation leading to the production of N-terminally truncated GATA1 (GATA1s) in early megakaryocyte/erythroid progenitors is linked to the onset of TAM and cooperated with the effect of trisomy 21 (Ts21). To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of the progression to TAM in DS patients, we generated human pluripotent stem cells harbouring Ts21 and/or GATA1s by combining microcell-mediated chromosome transfer and genome editing technologies. In vitro haematopoietic differentiation assays showed that the GATA1s mutation blocked erythropoiesis irrespective of an extra chromosome 21, while Ts21 and the GATA1s mutation independently perturbed megakaryopoiesis and the combination of Ts21 and the GATA1s mutation synergistically contributed to an aberrant accumulation of skewed megakaryocytes. Thus, the DS model cells generated by these two technologies are useful in assessing how GATA1s mutation is involved in the onset of TAM in patients with DS.
The Effect of Visual Cues on Scoring of Clinical Word-Recognition Tests
Authors: Han Heekyung J. , Schlauch Robert S. , Rao Aparna 
Published: August 2014

Purpose
During routine clinical speech assessment, if the person being tested were to write down what he or she heard, it would not always match what the audiologist heard while scoring the listener's vocal responses (Nelson & Chaiklin, 1970). This study demonstrated a method to assess examiner accuracy and whether speechreading cues reduce writedown–talkback errors.

Method
Examiners were divided into 3 categories: normal hearing native speakers of English, normal hearing nonnative speakers of English, and native speakers with hearing loss. Each examiner assessed 4 normal-hearing listeners. Two NU-6 lists were presented to each listener; one was scored without visual cues and one with visual cues. Lists were presented at 50 dB HL in the presence of speech noise at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Results
Results analyzed by percentage of correct phonemes and words revealed fewer writedown–talkback discrepancies for all 3 examiner groups when visual cues were added, with a substantial improvement for examiners with hearing loss.

Conclusion
The finding of errors between talkback versus writedown scoring of lists for all of the examiners, even with visual cues, suggests a need for modification of the clinical word-recognition procedure for applications that potentially affect diagnosis, rehabilitation choices, or financial compensation.
Rapid, non-destructive evaluation of ultrathin WSe2 using spectroscopic ellipsometry
Authors: Eichfeld Sarah M. , Eichfeld Chad M. , Lin Yu-Chuan , Hossain Lorraine , Robinson Joshua A. 
Published: August 2014

The utilization of tungsten diselenide (WSe2) in electronic and optoelectronic devices depends on the ability to understand and control the process-property relationship during synthesis. We demonstrate that spectroscopic ellipsometry is an excellent technique for accurate, non-destructive determination of ultra-thin (&lt;30 nm) WSe2 properties. The refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) were found to be independent of thickness down to 1.3 nm, and were used to determine film thickness, which was confirmed to be within 9% of values found via atomic force microscopy. Finally, the optical bandgap was found to closely correlate with thickness, ranging from 1.2 to 1.55 eV as the WSe2 is thinned to the equivalent of 2 atomic layers.
Structual study of Galactic hot gas toward Markarian 421 from X-ray absorption and emission lines
Authors: Sakai Kazuhiro , Yao Yangsen , Mitsuda Kazuhisa , Yamasaki Noriko Y. , Wang Q. Daniel , Takei Yoh , McCammon Dan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We present a structural study of the hot ISM in the Galactic halo along the sight line toward the bright active galactic nucleus Mkn 421. The O vii and O viii absorption lines were measured with the Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrograph aboard Chandra toward Mkn 421; the O vii and O viii emission lines were observed in the adjacent fields of the line of sight with the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer aboard Suzaku. We jointly analyzed the absorption and emission spectra while assuming exponential distributions of the gas temperature and density from the Galactic plane, and constrained the temperature and density at the plane to be ($3.2^{+0.6}_{-0.7}$) × 106 K and ($1.2^{+0.5}_{-0.4}$) × 10−3 cm−3, with a scale heights of $1.6^{+1.7}_{-0.7}$ kpc and &gt; 2.8 kpc, respectively. The results are consistent with those obtained in the LMC X-3 direction and the PKS 2155−304 direction, describing a thick disk-like hot gas with its height of a few kpc from the Galactic plane.
First Report of Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus Infecting Hot Pepper in India
Authors: Byun H.-S. , Kil E.-J. , Kim S. , Hwang H. , Lee J. H. , Chung Y.-J. , Lee S. 
Published: August 2014

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) cultivated in India has been identified as a host of geminiviruses causing leaf curl disease such as Chilli leaf curl virus and Pepper leaf curl virus, leading to serious crop losses (3). In June 2013, hot pepper plants growing in Bangalore showed stunting and upward leaf curling. Viral DNA was extracted from a hot pepper with a Viral Gene-spin Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea) and amplified by rolling circle amplification using the illustra TempliPhi 100 Amplification Kit (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) (2). Amplified products were digested by restriction enzyme KpnI (Takara Bio, Shiga, Japan), cloned, and sequenced (Macrogen, Seoul, Korea). Based on a BLAST search, a 2.6-kb DNA obtained from one plant sample was identified as Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV), belonging to the genus Mastrevirus (family Geminiviridae) (GenBank Accession No. KF632712). The CpCDV-Bangalore isolate is 2,585 bases in length and exhibits 85.9 to 98.5% identity to previously reported CpCDV isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CpCDV infecting hot pepper in India. CpCDV was recently reported from pepper plants in Oman (KF111683) (1), but it shared the lowest sequence identity (85.9%) with CpCDV-Bangalore isolate. References: (1) S. Akhtar et al. Plant Dis. 98:286, 2014. (2) E.-J. Kil et al. Arch. Virol. 159:2387. (3) D. M. J. B. Senanayake et al. Plant Pathol. 56:343, 2007.
The 10 most important debates surrounding dual diagnosis
Authors: Hamilton Ian 
Published: August 2014

Purpose– It is more than 30 years since attention turned to the issue of the relationship between substance use and mental health. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the progress to date that has been made in advancing the knowledge and understanding.Design/methodology/approach– The author has drawn on the available literature, identifying key contributions from a variety of fields which have helped to shape the understanding of the issues in relation to dual diagnosis. The ten themes are not presented in order of importance.Findings– Achievements have been made in attracting the attention of clinicians, researchers, policy makers and commissioners to this issue. Overall the author is left with a clearer understanding of what treatments are not effective and the challenges of determining what is.Originality/value– This paper seeks to instigate a discussion about where the collective knowledge stands on this important and challenging area of practice and research.