bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between cervical range of motion, head-repositioning accuracy, and postural stability in healthy adults
Authors: Siu Eddy Hon Kit , Tai Wing Thomas Chiu 
Published: June 2014

Aims: To investigate the inter-relationship between cervical range of motion (CROM), head-repositioning accuracy (HRA), postural stability and their correlation with age and gender in healthy adults. Methods: A correlational study using cross-sectional design with convenient sampling was conducted. Thirty subjects with no previous history of neck pain or injury to the cervical spine in the previous 6 months were recruited. Subjects' CROM was measured by a cervical range of motion device. HRA was measured by equipment including laser pointer, helmet, goggles and marking pens. Postural stability was assessed by Biodex Balance System. Findings: CROM was shown to be negatively correlated to HRA and postural stability (P<0.05) although the reliability coefficient was poor (r ranged from −0.0017 to 0.64). HRA was positively correlated to postural stability (P<0.05), yet the reliability coefficient was poor (r ranged from 0.12 to 0.41). Results also demonstrated positive correlation between age and all the variables measured (P<0.05). Gender did not show any effect on the outcome measures. Conclusion: HRA showed positive correlation with postural stability while CROM showed negative correlation to HRA and postural stability. All measured variables decrease with the increase of age while gender did not show any correlation with the outcome measures.
Public and private blogging during placements: perspectives of occupational therapy students
Authors: Wiid Carina , McCormack Cathy , Warren Alison , Buckley Sherrie , Cahill Mairead 
Published: June 2014

Background: Occupational therapy students complete practice education placements as part of their degree programmes. Sufficient support during these placements is vital since the transition from the classroom to clinical practice can present many challenges. Ensuring support can be difficult, given that these placements occur across a wide geographical area. Blogs were identified as a possible innovative way of providing distance support and a study was undertaken to examine the usefulness of this tool in occupational therapy practice education. Methods: A descriptive investigation of a private blog at Trinity College, University of Dublin, and a public blog at the University of Limerick was conducted during one practice education placement. An online survey was used to capture quantitative and qualitative data on the students' experience of blogging during practice education. Findings: Blogging was not found to be a useful tool for developing reflection or clinical reasoning skills by this student sample, but was found to be beneficial for peer support and learning. Conclusions: The research indicates the potential of using blogging as a tool for peer support and learning. Further research on its application and the use of other social media in healthcare education is required.
Ali al-Wardi and criticism of the human mind
Authors: Al-Haidari Ibrahim 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Al-Wardi was influenced by the philosophical ideas that criticized the assumption that the nature of the human mind is fixed. These ideas come from his reading of Ibn Khaldun, Freud and Mannheim. He reinterpreted their ideas of the mind and applied it to Iraqi society and the Iraqi mind. He believes that human nature is egocentric and determined in most actions, motivated by the subconscious. The role of the mind is to justify human behaviour. The mind is one-sided and biased and is untrustworthy. It is only an organ that aids humans in their quest for survival. Also, the mind has a limited capacity and is surrounded by a dense rim of values, beliefs and interests. Al-Wardi launched a relentless campaign against Aristotelian logic and against reason and rationality. Despite his rational analysis, he could not free himself from the mindset he identified as a farce and did not distinguish between the productive and the instrumental mind.
Склад молока та закономірності синтезу жиру, білка та лактози у молоці корів
Authors: Tsiupko V. V. , Tsiupko V. V. 
Published: June 2014

Changes in fat, protein and lactose content in cows’ milk depending on several factors were studied. Common patterns of synthesis of the milk major components are under consideration on the basis of those changes. The syntheses of lactose and casein have no close connection. Increased milk yield during lactation dominant and its decrease in late lactation are accompanied by a noticeable change of lactose concentration in the milk. The volume of milk produced is determined by the amount of lactose synthesized in the mammary gland.
History of SIMOX Material
Authors: Izumi Katsutoshi 
Published: June 2014

Watanabe and Tooi first reported on the formation of silicon oxide by oxygenion implantation into silicon in 1966. Further investigations of such oxygen-implanted oxide layers have been carried out by several workers, with the result that the oxide has equivalent isolation characteristics to those for thermally grown silicon oxide. Practical applications of the oxygen-implanted oxide to semiconductor devices have been reported by only a few workers, with a suggestion of their usefulness. Unfortunately Watanabe and Tooi's work has not been followed by additional silicon-on-insulator (SOI) studies.In 1978 Izumi, Doken, and Ariyoshi succeeded in fabricating a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ring oscillator using a buried SiO2 layer formed by oxygenion (16O+) implantation into silicon. They named the new SOI technology “SIMOX,” which is short for separation by implanted oxygen. Since then Izumi and his research group have continued their study of SIMOX technology.
Mechanical Behavior of Quasicrystals
Authors: Urban Knut , Feuerbacher Michael , Wollgarten Markus 
Published: June 2014

Scientists have studied the mechanical properties of quasicrystalline materials for quite some time. However the difficulty in obtaining material of reasonable quality hampered systematic investigations. The progress in materials preparation in recent years has triggered new activity in this field. Furthermore the new ternary and multicomponent alloys have demonstrated great promise for use as coatings with good wear resistance and low coefficients of sliding friction. However the physical reasons for these properties and their correlation with the particular structure of quasicrystals are still not understood. As in conventional alloys, experiments under well-defined conditions are required that can serve as a basis for understanding the intrinsic mechanical properties of quasicrystals. Such studies are now increasingly possible after the development of techniques to grow larger single quasicrystals up to a few centimeters in size directly from the melt.Since the mechanical behavior of quasicrystalline alloys is to a great extent determined by a brittle-to-ductile transition at about 70% of the absolute melting temperature, it is useful to discuss the mechanical properties with reference to appropriately defined low-temperature and high-temperature regions.
Effect of cigarette smoking on liver functions: a comparative study conducted among smokers and non-smokers male in El-beida City, Libya
Authors: Alsalhen Khaled Salem , Abdalsalam Rahab Dawood 
Published: June 2014

Tobacco use is widely spread throughout the world. The effect of smoking on human health are serious and in many cases, deadly. The present study was done to investigate the effect of cigarette smoking on some liver functions in male population in El-beida city, Libya. The study was carried out on thirty Libyan male smokers, who smoked at least 10 cigarettes per day for at least15 years. The group includes smokers with age range between 30-60 years. Non-smokers, (control, n= 30) group were collected with the same range of age for statistical comparison. The whole blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from each member and liver functions test were estimated by a kit method on automatic analyzer (Beckman BUN analyzer, USA). The results of the study revealed a significant increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress significantly increased in cigarette smokers in groups when compared with control group. While the plasma level of total protein, albumin and total bilirubin decreased during smoking. Cigarette smoking raised alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides in smoker group when compared with non-smoker group. To conclude, cigarette smoking leads to oxidative stress by free radical generation by the mechanism of lipid peroxidation. Smoking exerts negative influence on liver functions test should be carefully interpreted, and further study on the mechanism of the effects is warranted.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i7.19077 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2014, 3(7): 291-295
Development and validation of stability-indicating RP-UPLC method for simultaneous estimation of thiocolchicoside and aceclofenac in combined dosage form
Authors: Balan Paramasivam , Kannappan Nagappan 
Published: June 2014

A stability indicating RP-UPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Thiocolchicoside (TCC) and Aceclofenac (ACF) in tablet dosage form. The chromatographic separation was carried out by Thermo Scientific UPLC Instrument, Accela 1250 Pump, auto sampler with PDA detector, using column Thermo Scientific hypersil gold C18, (50 x 2.1mm) particle size 1.9µm using 5% ammonium acetate buffer and methanol in the ratio of 40:60, pH was adjusted to 5 with ortho phosphoric acid as mobile phase at a flow rate of 250 µl/min with the detection at 276nm. The run times of the TCC and ACF were about 0.697 and 1.125 minutes, respectively. The detector response is linear from 4.8 µg/ml to 7.2 µg/ml and 63.8 µg/ml to 96 µg/ml concentrations for TCC and ACF respectively. The linear regression equation was found to be y = 20620x-677.68 (r2 = 0.9996) for TCC and y= 50931x-319.3 (r2 = 0.9997) for ACF. The detection limit and quantification limit was 0.076µg and 0.23µg for TCC and 0.27µg and 0.71µg for ACF. The percentage of assay of TCC and ACF were about 99.50% and 99.96% respectively. The stability indicating capability was established by forced degradation experiments. The method was satisfactorily validated as per the ICH guidelines.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i7.19078 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2014, 3(7): 296-300
Process optimisation, characterisation and evaluation of resveratrol-phospholipid complexes using Box-Behnken statistical design
Authors: Agarwal Apoorva , Kharb Vandana , Saharan Vikas Anand 
Published: June 2014

With the advent of 21st century, researchers worldwide have extensively reviewed herbs and botanicals for their marked clinical efficacy. It has been estimated that most of the newly discovered compounds offer poor bioavailability due to their low aqueous solubility. Phospholipid complexation of the drug often helps to improve its water solubility and enhance the bioavailability. This study includes optimization of resveratrol-phospholipid complexes using a 3-factor, 3-level box-behnken design (15 batches). Three independent variables i.e. phospholipid-resveratrol ratio, refluxing temperature and reflux time were optimized for two dependent variables, i.e. yield and entrapment efficiency (EE). Complexes were prepared by refluxing stoichiometric ratio of Phospholipon 90G and resveratrol in dichloromethane and retrieved by precipitation with n-hexane. Complexation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The data was suitably used to explore quadratic response surfaces and construct second order polynomial models with Design Expert®. Formulation with highest desirability (D=0.994) was selected as optimum and prepared using 1.5:1 Phospholipon 90G-resveratrol ratio (X1) at 59.4°C temperature (X2) and 4 h time (X3) to give maximum yield and entrapment efficiency. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also found to be significant for both the responses. Complexes were optimised for good yield and EE. The partition coefficient was lowered to 2.25 hypothesizing good passive absorption.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v3i7.19079 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, June 2014, 3(7): 301-308
THE EVOLVING ROLE OF RADIOTHERAPY IN EARLY STAGE HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
Authors: Ricardi Umberto , Filippi Andrea Riccardo , Piva Cristina , Franco Pierfrancesco 
Published: June 2014

Radiation therapy has a key role in the combined modality treatment of early-stage Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL). Nevertheless, late toxicity still remains an issue. A modern approach in HL radiotherapy includes lower doses and smaller fields, together with the implementation of sophisticated and dedicated delivery techniques. Aim of the present review is to discuss the current role of radiotherapy and its potential future developments, with a focus on major clinical trials, technological advances and their repercussion in the clinical management of HL patients.
El cuerpo y la ausencia. La obra literaria de Enrique J. Vila Torres
Authors: Contadini Luigi 
Published: June 2014

Resumen: En este ensayo se analiza la obra literaria del abogado y escritor español Enrique Vila Torres, artífice, en 2011, de una clamorosa denuncia colectiva concerniente una de las más horribles violaciones de los derechos humanos acaecida en un país occidental en el siglo XX: la salvaje compraventa a escala nacional de miles de bebés, robados con el engaño a sus madres biológicas. Sus cuentos, todos basados en hechos reales, constituyen un género híbrido en que se representa la evidencia del cuerpo y las circunstancias del engendramiento, el trauma de la separación forzada y la consecuente ausencia, el fluir de una vida desgarrada basada en la mentira y la jadeante búsqueda del propio consanguíneo. Por su valor testimonial y su compromiso ético, estos escritos contribuyen a la construcción de la memoria colectiva. Palabras clave: Enrique J. Vila Torres, robo de niños, cuerpo, ausencia, testimonio, memoria. Abstract: This paper analyses the literary work of the Spanish lawyer and writer Enrique J. Vila Torres, author, in 2011, of a resounding collective denounce concerning one of the most terrible violations of human rights occurred in a Western country in the twentieth century: the brutal trade on anational scale of thousands of new-born children stolen by deception from their biological mothers. His stories, all based on real events, constitute a hybrid genre in which the evidence of the body, the circumstances of conception, the trauma of the forced separation and the consequent absence, the flow of disrupted lives based on lies and the desperate search for one’s own relatives are represented. For their testimonial value and their ethical purpose, these writings contribute to the construction of a collective memory. Keywords: Enrique J. Vila Torres; theft of children; body; absence; testimony; memory.
Dams on the Mekong: Cumulative sediment starvation
Authors: Kondolf G. M. , Rubin Z. K. , Minear J. T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Mekong River, largely undeveloped prior to 1990, is undergoing rapid dam construction. Seven dams are under construction on the mainstem in China and 133 proposed for the Lower Mekong River and tributaries. We delineated nine distinct geomorphic regions, for which we estimated sediment yields based on geomorphic characteristics, tectonic history, and the limited sediment transport data available. We then applied the 3W model to calculate cumulative sediment trapping by these dams, accounting for changing trap efficiency over time and multiple dams on a single river system. Under a “definite future” scenario of 38 dams (built or under construction), cumulative sediment reduction to the Delta would be 51%. Under full build‐out of all planned dams, cumulative sediment trapping will be 96%. That is, once in‐channel stored sediment is exhausted, only 4% of the predam sediment load would be expected to reach the Delta. This scenario would have profound consequences on productivity of the river and persistence of the Delta landform itself, and suggests that strategies to pass sediment through/around dams should be explored to prevent the consequences of downstream sediment starvation.
Calibration and correction procedures for cosmic‐ray neutron soil moisture probes located across Australia
Authors: Hawdon Aaron , McJannet David , Wallace Jim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe cosmic‐ray probe (CRP) provides continuous estimates of soil moisture over an area of ∼30 ha by counting fast neutrons produced from cosmic rays which are predominantly moderated by water molecules in the soil. This paper describes the setup, measurement correction procedures, and field calibration of CRPs at nine locations across Australia with contrasting soil type, climate, and land cover. These probes form the inaugural Australian CRP network, which is known as CosmOz. CRP measurements require neutron count rates to be corrected for effects of atmospheric pressure, water vapor pressure changes, and variations in incoming neutron intensity. We assess the magnitude and importance of these corrections and present standardized approaches for network‐wide analysis. In particular, we present a new approach to correct for incoming neutron intensity variations and test its performance against existing procedures used in other studies. Our field calibration results indicate that a generalized calibration function for relating neutron counts to soil moisture is suitable for all soil types, with the possible exception of very sandy soils with low water content. Using multiple calibration data sets, we demonstrate that the generalized calibration function only applies after accounting for persistent sources of hydrogen in the soil profile. Finally, we demonstrate that by following standardized correction procedures and scaling neutron counting rates of all CRPs to a single reference location, differences in calibrations between sites are related to site biomass. This observation provides a means for estimating biomass at a given location or for deriving coefficients for the calibration function in the absence of field calibration data.
Simultaneous in situ determination of U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd isotopes in monazite by laser ablation ICP‐MS
Authors: Goudie Dylan J. , Fisher Christopher M. , Hanchar John M. , Crowley James L. , Ayers John C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResults are presented for in situ simultaneous determination of U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd isotopes in monazite using the Laser Ablation Split‐Stream (LASS) method. This method uses a laser ablation system coupled to a magnetic‐sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HR) (ICP‐MS) for measuring U‐Pb isotopes and a multicollector (MC) ICP‐MS for measuring Sm‐Nd isotopes. Ablated material is split using a Y‐connector and transported simultaneously to both mass spectrometers. In addition to Sm and Nd isotopes, the MC‐ICP‐MS is configured to also acquire Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd elemental abundances. This approach provides age, tracer isotope, and trace element data in the same ablation volume, reducing sampling problems associated with fine‐scale zoning in accessory minerals and minimizing the material needed for ablation. Precision and accuracy of the U‐Pb method (and the precision of the Sm‐Nd method) is demonstrated with results from well‐characterized monazite reference materials. The LASS results agree within uncertainty with the isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID‐TIMS) U‐Pb dates. The accuracy of the Sm‐Nd method is assessed by comparing the LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS results with ID‐TIMS determinations on a well‐characterized, in‐house monazite reference material. The LASS method is then applied to monazite from the Birch Creek Pluton in the White Mountains of California as a case study to illustrate the utility of this method for solving geologic problems. The U‐Pb ages and Sm‐Nd isotopic data from the LASS method support the conclusions drawn from previous results that monazite can record timing and information about the source region(s) of hydrothermal fluids.
Centennial‐to‐millennial hydrologic trends and variability along the North Atlantic Coast, USA, during the Holocene
Authors: Newby Paige E. , Shuman Bryan N. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Marsicek Jeremiah 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGeophysical and sedimentary records from five lakes in Massachusetts reveal regionally coherent hydrologic variability during the Holocene. All of the lakes have risen since ~9.0 ka, but multicentury droughts after 5.6 ka repeatedly lowered their water levels. Quantified water level histories from the three best‐studied lakes share >70% of their reconstructed variance. Four prominent low‐water phases at 4.9–4.6, 4.2–3.9, 2.9–2.1, and 1.3–1.2 ka were synchronous across coastal lakes, even after accounting for age uncertainties. The droughts also affected sites up to ~200 km inland, but water level changes at 5.6–4.9 ka appear out of phase between inland and coastal lakes. During the enhanced multicentury variability after ~5.6 ka, droughts coincided with cooling in Greenland and may indicate circulation changes across the North Atlantic region. Overall, the records demonstrate that current water levels are exceptionally high and confirm the sensitivity of water resources in the northeast U.S. to climate change.
Tracing the pathways of the upper limb of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Burkholder Kristin C. , Lozier M. Susan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) of the eastern subpolar gyre (ESG) in the North Atlantic have been widely linked to the climate and climate variability of Great Britain and northwestern Europe. The source of the ESG waters, and its heat, has long been identified as surface subtropical waters that flow into the subpolar gyre as part of the upper limb of the Meridional Overturning Circulation. Recent studies, however, have cast doubt on that identification. Here we use synthetic floats launched in a high‐resolution ocean general circulation model to identify the supply waters to the ESG and to determine the influence of those pathways on SSTs in that climatically important region. The synthetic floats reveal two pathways: a dominant subsurface subtropical to subpolar pathway and a less traveled surface pathway carrying recirculated waters eastward from the western subpolar gyre. The former pathway supplies anomalously warm water to the region; the latter pathway supplies anomalously cool water.
Nonseasonal mass fluctuations in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Ponte Rui M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMeasurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment reveal spatially coherent nonseasonal fluctuations in bottom pressure pb in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean. The spatial structure of the pb anomalies is centered on the North Atlantic Current along the intergyre region separating subtropical and subpolar ocean basins, and their temporal behavior is tied to indices of climate variability, namely, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation. Correspondence to variations in wind stress curl suggests an interpretation of the midlatitude North Atlantic pb variability in terms of a barotropic Sverdrup balance. Anomalous mass in the midlatitude North Atlantic Ocean covaries with mass anomalies in abutting marginal seas, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Arctic Ocean as well as the North Sea and Hudson Bay. Results have implications for diagnosing ocean meridional heat transports due to depth‐independent gyre circulation changes.