bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analyses of Selected Mechanical Properties of Dry Bean Grain
Authors: Kibar Hakan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The direct shear test are widely used to measure the bulk material properties for economical design of bulk handling equipment and to estimate wall pressure inside storage structures, namely their bulk density, the angle of internal friction, shear strength, Poisson ratio, and lateral pressure ratios are required. Tests were conducted at thirty six different shear speeds (between 0.30-1.00 mm min-1) and three different normal stresses were applied (60, 120 and 180 kPa). The angle of internal friction, Poisson ratio, and lateral pressure ratios demonstrated fluctuations depending on the shear speeds. The results of the principal component analysis indicated that the first three principal components accounted for 97.40% of the total variability among the thirty six different shear speeds for all the traits investigated. The first principal component was the most important. In the result of principal component analysis, the shear speeds were divided into seven clusters. The pressures were decreased and increased with the change of the angle of internal friction and the lateral pressure ratio. The data obtained from the study will be useful in the structural design of dry bean bins to calculate loads on bins from the stored material and grain handling equipment.
Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of Functional Ingredients from Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni Leaves
Authors: Šic Žlabur Jana , Voća Sandra , Dobričević Nadica , Brnčić Mladen , Dujmić Filip , Rimac Brnčić Suzana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to reveal an effective extraction procedure for maximization of the yield of steviol glycosides and total phenolic compounds as well as antioxidant activity in stevia extracts. Ultrasound assisted extraction was compared with conventional solvent extraction. The examined solvents were water (100°C/24 h) and 70% ethanol (at 70°C for 30 min). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of steviol glycosides in the extracts obtained were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and radical scavenging capacity by 2, 2-azino-di-3-ethylbenzothialozine- sulphonic acid) assay were also determined. The highest content of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids in stevia extracts were obtained when ultrasound assisted extraction was used. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was correlated with the total amount of phenolic compounds. The results indicated that the examined sonication parameters represented as the probe diameter (7 and 22 mm) and treatment time (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min) significantly contributed to the yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids. The optimum conditions for the maximum yield of steviol glycosides, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoids were as follows: extraction time 10 min, probe diameter 22 mm, and temperature 81.2°C.
Effects of Rain Intensity and Initial Soil Moisture on Hydrological Responses in Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Darvishan Abdulvahed Khaledi , Banasik Kazimierz , Sadeghi Seyed Hamidreza , Gholami Leila , Hejduk Leszek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Although the possibility of measuring and analysing all parts of the rainfall, infiltration, runoff, and erosion process as a natural hydrologic cycle in field conditions is still one of the more unattainable goals in the hydrological sciences, it can be accomplished in laboratory conditions as a way to understand the whole process. The initial moisture content is one of the most effective factors on soil infiltration, runoff, and erosion responses. The present research was conducted on a 2 m2 laboratory plot at a slope of 9% on a typical sandy-loam soil. The effects of the initial soil moisture content on the infiltration, runoff, and erosion processes were studied at four levels of initial soil moisture content (12, 25, 33, and 40 volumetric percentage) and two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm h-1). The results showed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation between rainfall intensity and downstream splash, with r = 0.87. The results reflected the theory of hydrological responses, showing significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlations with r =-0.93, 0.98, -0.83, 0.88, and 0.73 between the initial soil moisture content and the time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient, drainage as a part of the infiltrated water, downstream splash, and total outflow sediment, respectively.
Extruded Bread Classification on the Basis of Acoustic Emission Signal With Application of Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Świetlicka Izabela , Muszyński Siemowit , Marzec Agata 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The presented work covers the problem of developing a method of extruded bread classification with the application of artificial neural networks. Extruded flat graham, corn, and rye breads differening in water activity were used. The breads were subjected to the compression test with simultaneous registration of acoustic signal. The amplitude-time records were analyzed both in time and frequency domains. Acoustic emission signal parameters: single energy, counts, amplitude, and duration acoustic emission were determined for the breads in four water activities: initial (0.362 for rye, 0.377 for corn, and 0.371 for graham bread), 0.432, 0.529, and 0.648. For classification and the clustering process, radial basis function, and self-organizing maps (Kohonen network) were used. Artificial neural networks were examined with respect to their ability to classify or to cluster samples according to the bread type, water activity value, and both of them. The best examination results were achieved by the radial basis function network in classification according to water activity (88%), while the self-organizing maps network yielded 81% during bread type clustering.
Contrasted Effects of Biochar on Maize Growth and N Use Efficiency Depending on Soil Conditions
Authors: Zhu Qiaohong , Peng Xinhua , Huang Taiqing 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Biochar amendment may improve crop growth through its nutrients and indirect fertility. However, this improvement varies in a wide range of biochars, crops, and soils. Our objectives were to determine the response of crop growth to biochar amendment and to assess the N use efficiency relative to the biochar and the soil types. In this pot experiment, we investigated five typical agricultural soils in China amended with two biochars. Four treatments were designed: the soil itself as a control, the soil amended with 1% biochar, the soil with fertilizer NPK, and the soil with added biochar and fertilizer. Biochar amendment increased the maize biomass and the N use efficiency in the red soil (p<0.05) but not in the other four soils (p>0.05). In the red soil, the biomass under biochar+NPK was 2.67-3.49 times higher than that of only NPK, and 1.48-1.62 times higher than that of only biochar amendment, 21-36 and 35-42% of which were contributed from biochar fertility and indirect fertility, respectively. This study indicates that biochar amendment is very plausible for the red soil but has a minor or even negative effect on the other four soils in China.
Growing Season Length as a Key Factor of Cumulative Net Ecosystem Exchange Over the Pine Forest Ecosystems in Europe
Authors: Danielewska Alina , Urbaniak Marek , Olejnik Janusz 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Scots pine is one of the most important species in European and Asian forests. Due to a widespread occurrence of pine forests, their significance in the energy and mass exchange between the Earth surface and the atmosphere is also important, particularly in the context of climate change and greenhouse gases balance. The aim of this work is to present the relationship between the average annual net ecosystem productivity and growing season length, latitude and air temperature (tay) over Europe. Therefore, CO2 flux measurement data from eight European pine dominated forests were used. The observations suggest that there is a correlation between the intensity of CO2 uptake or emission by a forest stand and the above mentioned parameters. Based on the obtained results, all of the selected pine forest stands were CO2 sinks, except a site in northern Finland. The carbon dioxide uptake increased proportionally with the increase of growing season length (9.212 g C m-2 y-1 per day of growing season, R2 = 0.53, p = 0.0399). This dependency showed stronger correlation and higher statistical significance than both relationships between annual net ecosystem productivity and air temperature (R2 = 0.39, p = 0.096) and annual net ecosystem productivity and latitude (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.058). The CO2 emission surpassed assimilation in winter, early spring and late autumn. Moreover, the appearance of late, cold spring and early winter, reduced annual net ecosystem productivity. Therefore, the growing season length can be considered as one of the main factor affecting the annual carbon budget of pine forests.
Effects of Vermicompost and Water Treatment Residuals on Soil Physical Properties and Wheat Yield
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud M. , Mahmoud Essawy K. , Ibrahim Doaa A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The application of vermicompost and water treatment residuals to improve the physical properties in the salt affected soils is a promising technology to meet the requirements of high plant growth and cost-effective reclamation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vermicompost and its mixtures with water treatment residuals on selected physical properties of saline sodic soil and on wheat yield. The treatments were vermicompost, water treatment residuals, vermicompost + water treatment residuals (1:1 and 2:1 wet weight ratio) at levels of 5 and 10 g dry weight kg-1 dry soil. The considered physical properties included aggregate stability, mean weight diameter, pore size distribution and dry bulk density. The addition of vermicompost and water treatment residuals had significant positive effects on the studied soil physical properties, and improved the grain yield of wheat. The treatment of (2 vermicompost + 1 water treatment residuals) at level of 5 g kg-1 soil gave the best grain yield. Combination of vermicompost and water treatment residuals improved the water treatment residuals efficiency in ameliorating the soil physical properties, and could be considered as an ameliorating material for the reclamation of salt affected soils.
Effects of Tillage, Rotation and Cover Crop on the Physical Properties of a Silt-Loam Soil
Authors: Haruna Samuel Idoko , Nkongolo Nsalambi Vakanda 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Soil and crop management practices can affect the physical properties and have a direct impact on soil sustainability and crop performance. The objective of this study was to investigate how soil physical properties were affected by three years of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation treatments in a corn and soybean field. The study was conducted on a Waldron siltyloam soil at Lincoln University of Missouri. Soil physical properties studied were soil bulk density, volumetric and gravimetric water contents, volumetric air content, total pore space, air-filled and water-filled pore space, gas diffusion coefficient and pore tortuosity factor. Results showed significant interactions (p<0.05) between cover crop and crop rotation for bulk density, gravimetric and total pore space in 2013. In addition, cover crop also significantly interacted (p<0.05) with tillage for bulk density and total pore space. All soil physical properties studied were significantly affected by the depth of sampling (p<0.0001), except for bulk density, the pore tortuosity factor and total pore space in 2012, and gravimetric and volumetric in 2013. Overall, soil physical properties were significantly affected by the treatments, with the effects changing from one year to another. Addition of a cover crop improved soil physical properties better in rotation than in monoculture.
Rozhľady. Konštituovanie Hindčiny Ako Úradného Jazyka Indie
Authors: Nagy Peter 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The article deals with the Hindi language and its use as a language for official purposes from the late Middle Ages until its implementation in the Constitution of India in the year 1949. It reveals various ideas for promoting Hindi as a national (official) language of India. The main focus is on the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi on Hindi as the lingua franca of India and its role in the replacement of English. Further it describes the process and struggle of its implementation as the official language in the Constituent Assembly of India and concludes with the compromise made by this Assembly.
A coupled model of partial differential equations for uranium ores heap leaching and its parameters identification
Authors: Zhang Wen , Sun Zhanxue , Wang Zewen , Hu Kangxiu 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In this article, we consider a mathematical modelling problem in engineering of uranium ores heap leaching. Firstly, we deduce a mathematical model of uranium ores heap leaching by combining solute transportation equations with microbial chemical reactions. Secondly, an inverse problem, which is solved by the optimal perturbation method together with the Tikhonov regularization, is considered for identifying the parameters of the proposed mathematical model. Finally, numerical simulations are given for the forward problem and the inverse problem to show the pattern of uranium ores microbial heap leaching and verify the effectiveness of parameters identification, respectively.
The Limits of Moral Intuitions for Human Rights Advocacy
Authors: Woods Andrew K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The central ambition of human rights advocacy is to get people to care, who might otherwise not, about the suffering of others. To accomplish this, human rights advocates often appeal to moral intuitions by telling stories that evoke moral outrage, indignation, or guilt. Are these sorts of appeals a good way to promote human rights? The conventional wisdom suggests that they are. But perhaps the conventional wisdom is incomplete – perhaps human rights advocates should treat moral intuitions with skepticism rather than uncritical embrace. In this brief essay, I argue that appeals to moral intuitions are problematic because moral intuitions can lead people to make decisions that are suboptimal from the standpoint of the human rights regime’s goals. I attempt to show, in other words, that one of the great assets of the human rights regime – its ability to harness our strong intuitive reaction to the suffering of others – is also one of its great limitations. To make this argument, I draw from the mind sciences literature on moral decision-making. The latest research in this domain suggests that our moral intuitions are fallible. A number of studies have shown, for example, that moral outrage and indignation can cause people to make decisions that they would not defend under cooler conditions. I focus on three particular sorts of moral judgment biases and explore their implications for human rights advocacy. I then evaluate two different normative claims one might make about these moral judgment biases and offer several concluding thoughts.
Biomedical Cognitive Enhancements: Coercion, Competition and Inducements
Authors: Lev Ori 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
There is an ongoing debate over the ethical permissibility of using biomedical enhancement interventions. This debate has generated a variety of concerns; one worry that stands out in this regard is the question of coercion. Curiously, although pointed out by many, this concern has not received close scrutiny. The aim of this paper is to begin addressing this conceptual gap. In order to explore this concern, I employ Alan Wertheimer’s understanding of coercion. According to Wertheimer’s account coercion involves a wrongful threat in which one has little choice but to succumb. Moreover, the wrongfulness of the threat stems from the fact that it violates the coercee’s rights. I suggest that if one accepts this account, it follows that coercing people to enhance would be impermissible. Using this framework, the paper assesses the claim that competition over jobs, goods, and positions coerces people to enhance. I argue, however, that competition pursued within a proper legal framework cannot be coercive since it neither involves a wrongful threat nor violates a person’s rights. Nonetheless, I propose that although competition is not coercive, enhancing because of competitive pressure can be morally problematic as it could restrict personal autonomy and harm well-being. The paper explores strategies the State could devise in order to address both these concerns. The paper then examines whether there are noncoercive permissible ways to induce people to cognitively enhance. Using a number of hypothetical cases, I delineate criteria that could be used to determine whether a particular enhancement should be considered mandatory or otherwise encouraged. Specifically, I consider the circumstances under which it would be justified to use incentives and penalties in order to induce people to enhance.
The Human Mind and Human Rights: A Call for an Integrative Study of the Mechanisms Generating Employment Discrimination across Different Social Categories
Authors: Feldman Yuval , Kricheli-Katz Tami 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper highlights how our knowledge about the manner the human mind works and people behave in social interactions may contribute to our understanding of employment discrimination and provide effective ways to address it. It calls for a rigorous empirical study of the mechanisms generating different forms of discrimination against disadvantaged groups and the implications that follow for law and policy. The paper’s focus is theoretical, criticizing the current state of research on employment discrimination and calling for an integrative approach to the research in this area. In particular, the paper criticizes the lack of mutual communication among the various disciplines that study discrimination. Over-reliance on one type of methodology limits scholars’ ability to address nuances of most discriminatory settings. We criticize the “one policy fits all” approach, in which discrimination against all types of disadvantaged groups is viewed as capturing all types of discrimination as well as the lack of truly accounting for the interplay between deliberative and automatic modes of reasoning. The paper suggests that adopting an integrative perspective would raise awareness among policy-makers and employers to variations in the effects of social categories on hiring, promotion, and firing practices.
Is the hydrological function of Lake Wigry changing?
Authors: Bajkiewicz-Grabowska Elżbieta 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper considers whether in recent years there have been changes in the structure of the water circulation in Lake Wigry, the main water body of the Wigry National Park. The volume and trends in the streams of water exchange in the lake have been assessed. They show that in recent years the horizontal water exchange is being reduced as the inflow to the lake is growing, mainly due to its main tributary, the Czarna Hańcza, while the outflow from the lake is decreasing. The paper examines whether these changes are reflected in the structure of the lake water circulation, which has been assessed on the basis of the lake water balance
Plant available moisture content in soils of Belarus under the current conditions
Authors: Volchak Aleksandr A. , Kirvel Ivan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
One of the soil fertility parameters is water content in the root zone; therefore the estimation of the transformation of water resources in mineral soils of Belarus is rather relevant. The analysis of plant available moisture content (PAMC) was conducted for the topsoil layer of 50 cm thickness for the period of monitoring from 1960 until 2001. Results were submitted as maps on the basis of which the spatial and time variability of the PAMC was estimated. The quantitative estimation of changes in the plant available moisture content was carried out with the help of gradients of linear trends
Potential Of VIRAC* RT-32 And RT-16 Antennas To Serve As Satellite Ground Station
Authors: Bleiders M. , Trokss J. , Elerts M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The basic application of RT-32 and RT-16 parabolic antennas is radio astronomy observations, both the radio-telescopes have been upgraded with state-of-the art cryogenic receivers, and now a large-scale modernization of the infrastructure is underway. Since the radio-astronomical observations are not full-time activities, a research work has been done to clear up whether these antennas, besides the mentioned activities, can be used as a satellite ground station. The main goal of this added functionality is to make possible the use of the extremely high reception systems’ figure-of-merit thus raising the satellite downlink data rates without increasing the on-board power consumption, which would be particularly important for developers of small satellites. In this paper, the progress in the research project is reported, which includes successful S-band satellite signal reception experiments and possible options as to integration of the related equipment into the system so that both functionalities could successfully coexist. Performance of the existing and the upgraded antenna positioning systems is estimated to determine if the latter are usable even for servicing low-Earth orbiting satellites. In addition, possible options are considered as to upgrading the system with automatic beam tracking capability, which would increase the antenna pointing accuracy even further.
Trefoil factor 3 as a marker of intestinal cell damage during sepsis
Authors: Žurek Jiří , Kýr Michal , Vavřina Martin , Fedora Michal 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objective: Gastrointestinal dysfunction or gut
failure frequently occurs in seriously ill patients and can
be responsible for multi-organ failure. Trefoil factor 3
(TFF3) was characterized for its role in reconstitution of an
epithelial barrier after mucosal injury in the jejunum. The
aims of our study was an analysis of TFF3 levels dynamics
in patients with sepsis and the correlation of TFF3 with
severity of sepsis and mortality.

Methods: Prospective observational study, a ten days evaluation
period in children aged 0-19 years with systemic
inflammatory response syndrome or septic state. Blood
tests to determine levels of TFF3 were obtained as long
as the patient met the criteria for systemic inflammatory
response syndrome or sepsis.

Results: Analysis of dynamics revealed steady levels of
TFF3 during the 10 day period evaluated. TFF3 levels
could not differentiate between various septic conditions
in patients until a marked organ dysfunction developed.
Higher Area Under Curve was noticed between control
group and patients with sepsis. We could not make any
strong conclusions based on mortality model.

Conclusions: Levels of TFF3 are elevated in paediatric
patients with sepsis through organ dysfunction.
Dermatology patients’ and their doctors’ representations about adherence
Authors: Szabó Csanád , Kemény Lajos , Csabai Márta 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of our study was to identify representations
about patient adherence among dermatologists
(N=40) and their patients (N=153). A combined
qualitative-quantitative methodology was applied.
Dermatologists identified good doctor-patient relationship,
information from the doctor, and background information
as the most important determinants of adherence.
In patients’ rankings, information from the doctor
and understandable communication received the highest
scores. Multidimensional scaling arranged patients’
results into four content groups which helped to reveal the
structure of the representations. Our results may contribute
to the evidence-based confirmation that transparency
of views and expectations in doctor-patient communication
is a basic determinant of successful adherence.