bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects and mechanisms of 8‐prenylnaringenin on osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 and osteoclast‐like cells RAW264.7
Authors: Luo Dan , Kang Lumei , Ma Yuhui , Chen Hongping , Kuang Haibin , Huang Qiren , He Ming , Peng Weijie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract8‐Prenylnaringenin (8‐PN) is a phytoestrogen with the highest estrogenic activity. The objective of the present study was to confirm the superiority of 8‐PN on bone metabolisms and the estrogen receptor (ER) subtype mediating effects of 8‐PN. The osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 and osteoclast‐like cell line RAW264.7 were treated with 17β‐estradiol (10−8 mol/L), genistein (10−5 mol/L), daidzein (10−5 mol/L), 8‐PN (10−5 mol/L) alone or in the presence of ERα antagonist MPP (10−7 mol/L) and ERβ antagonist PTHPP (1.5 × 10−7 mol/L). It has been found that 8‐PN did not affect osteoblast proliferation, and that 8‐PN increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) concentrations, and the mineralized nodules. 8‐PN inhibited RAW264.7 differentiating into osteoclasts and reduced the pit area of bone resorption. 8‐PN could also inhibit the protein and mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblasts, and conversely promote the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG). These effects of 8‐PN were mainly inhibited not by PTHPP but by MPP and they were weaker than estrogen's effects but stronger than those of genistein and daidzein. In conclusion, the effects of 8‐PN on promoting osteoblastic bone formation and inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption were mediated by ERα instead of ERβ and the efficacy was more potent than that of the two classic phytoestrogens: genistein and daidzein.
Narrow band imaging of nasopharynx to identify specific features for possible detection of early nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Madana J. , Lim Chwee Ming , Loh Kwok Seng 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundNarrow band imaging (NBI) features of normal and early nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have not been clearly described. The main purpose of this study was to define NBI features in the nasopharynx in the detection of early NPC.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study of 53 patients who underwent NBI endoscopy to describe its specific features.ResultsAmong 19 normal patients, common NBI features were discrete brown spots (100%) and regular polygonal follicular pattern of nasopharyngeal mucosa (90%). The features of 15 patients with NPC were loss of normal polygonal follicular architecture of nasopharynx (100%), concentrated brown spots (93%), and pale pink areas (80%). In the 19 post‐NPC radiation patients, common features were patches of intense brown‐green spots (100%), loss of polygonal follicular pattern of nasopharyngeal mucosa (95%), and discrete microvasculature branches (95%).ConclusionThere are discernible NBI features between normal mucosa and an exophytic NPC mass. This can form the basis of a prospective screening program to detect early NPC using NBI. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1096–1101, 2015
Expression profile and in vitro blockade of programmed death‐1 in human papillomavirus–negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Malm Ian‐James , Bruno Tullia C. , Fu Juan , Zeng Qi , Taube Janis M. , Westra William , Pardoll Drew , Drake Charles G. , Kim Young J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundTreatment with a blocking programmed death‐1 (αPD‐1) antibody recently showed clinical efficacy for various tumor types. In this study, we characterized the expression profile of PD‐1/programmed death‐ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) and the potential of PD‐1 blockade in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsLymphocytes from peripheral blood, draining lymph nodes, and the tumor were phenotyped for PD‐1 expression, and their proliferative activity was assessed in the presence of blocking αPD‐1 treatment. Primary tumor expression of PD‐L1 was also analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC).ResultsLymphocyte PD‐1 expression was abundant with highest expression in the tumor, and in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction demonstrated that PD‐1 blockade could induce T cell proliferation. Furthermore, tumor cells were found to have 3 distinct patterns of PD‐L1 expression with over 78% of the specimens demonstrating strong PD‐L1 positivity.ConclusionOur data strongly supports the use of αPD‐1 blockade in patients with HPV‐negative HNSCC that are refractory to standard treatments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1088–1095, 2015
Norbornanoid Chiral Ketones by Desymmetrization of Dibromoalkenes
Authors: Koçak Ramazan , Borsato Giuseppe , De Lucchi Ottorino , Daştan Arif 
Published: April 2014

AbstractNew optically active polycyclic ketones 6a–6d, amenable to a large variety of synthetic applications, have been prepared from readily available 2,3‐dibromonorbornene and analogs (Scheme 2) via desymmetrization with (−)‐ephedrine, followed by hydrolysis under mild acidic conditions. At variance with substrates 4a–4d, the sterically hindered norbornene derivative 4e reacts with the solvent N‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (NMP) leading to the formation of the unusual cyclopropanoid products 8a and 8b.
Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium obscurum L.
Authors: Chen Yu , He Hong‐Wu , Mei Zhi‐Nan , Yang Guang‐Zhong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTwo new Lycopodium alkaloids, named obscurumines F and G (1 and 2, resp.), together with eleven known alkaloids, were isolated from the club moss Lycopodium obscurum L. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.
Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Using Fe3O4@SiO2 as an Efficient Nanomagnetic Catalyst via a One‐Pot Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Maleki Ali 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA one‐pot multicomponent synthesis of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives by using pyridin‐2‐amines, aldehydes, and terminal alkynes in the presence of a catalytic amount of silica‐supported iron oxide (Fe3O4@SiO2) nanoparticles in refluxing EtOH in good‐to‐excellent yields is reported.
Amine‐Promoted One‐Pot, Multicomponent Route to Spiro‐Fused‐Pyran Derivatives in Aqueous Media
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Rezvanian Atieh , Bayat Fahimeh 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe primary amine‐promoted synthesis of spiro‐fused‐pyran derivatives via the three‐component reaction of ninhydrin, malononitrile, and cyclic 1,3‐diketo compounds is described. This new methodology affords the title compounds in high yields and short time, and with easy workup without chromatographic purification steps or extraction. All structures were confirmed by IR, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. A plausible mechanism for this type of reaction is proposed (Scheme 2).
Impact of acute arsenic and cadmium exposure on the expression of two haeme oxygenase genes and other antioxidant markers in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Jancsó Zsanett , Hermesz Edit 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim was to study the effects of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) on haeme oxygenases (HOs) and other oxidative stress biomarkers, and their roles in macromolecule damage in liver and kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). HOs play a critical role in the defence system against oxidative damage, producing biliverdin and carbon monoxide with important free radical scavenging properties. However, increased HO activity in haeme degradation may also lead to a pro‐oxidant effect through the liberation of Fe‐modifying Cd and As toxicity. The response of an organism to exposure to toxic metals is in many cases brought about by changes at the level of gene expression. In this study, the genes ho‐1 and ho‐2 of the common carp were identified, and the changes in gene expressions were analysed from the aspect of Cd and As accumulation. Both ho‐1 and ho‐2 are transcriptionally induced by Cd and As, but their inductions differ in time course, dose response and tissue specificity. The expression of ho1 was mostly affected by As, primarily in the liver (45‐fold), whereas it was enhanced with higher efficacy by Cd in the kidney (25‐fold). The cellular redox status and the damage of lipid molecules were monitored via the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, the levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vitro exposure of DE‐71, a penta‐PBDE mixture, on immune endpoints in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and B6C3F1 mice
Authors: Wirth Jena R. , Peden‐Adams Margie M. , White Natasha D. , Bossart Gregory D. , Fair Patricia A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an emerging contaminant of concern with low level exposures demonstrating toxicity in laboratory animals and wildlife, although immunotoxicity studies have been limited. Bottlenose dolphin peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and mouse splenocytes were exposed to environmentally relevant DE‐71 (a penta‐PBDE mixture) concentrations (0–50 µg ml−1) in vitro. Natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte (B and T cell) proliferation were evaluated using the parallelogram approach for risk assessment. This study aimed to substantiate results from field studies with dolphins, assess the sensitivities between the mouse model and dolphins, and to evaluate risk using the parallelogram approach. In mouse cells, NK cell activity increased at in vitro doses 0.05, 0.5 and 25 µg DE‐71 ml−1, whereas proliferation was not modulated. In dolphin cells, NK cell activity and lymphocyte proliferation was not altered after in vitro exposure. In vitro exposure of dolphin PBLs to DE‐71 showed similar results to correlative field studies; NK cell activity in mice was more sensitive to in vitro exposure than dolphins, and the parallelogram approach showed correlation with all three endpoints to predict risk in bottlenose dolphins. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial Matrices With High‐Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans and Collagen Are Anti‐Inflammatory and Pro‐Osteogenic for Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Hempel Ute , Matthäus Claudia , Preissler Carolin , Möller Stephanie , Hintze Vera , Dieter Peter 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBone healing has been described to be most efficient if the early inflammatory phase is resolved timely. When the inflammation elevates or is permanently established, bone healing becomes impaired and, moreover, bone destruction often takes place. Systemic disorders such as diabetes and bone diseases like arthritis and osteoporosis are associated with sustained inflammation and delayed bone healing. One goal of biomaterial research is the development of materials/surface modifications which support the healing process by inhibiting the inflammatory bone erosion and suppressing pro‐inflammatory mediators and by that promoting the bone repair process. In the present study, the influence of artificial extracellular matrices (aECM) on the interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced pro‐inflammatory response of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) was studied. hMSC cultured on aECM composed of collagen I and high‐sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) derivatives did not secrete IL‐6, IL‐8, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and prostaglandin E2 in response to IL‐1β. The activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κBp65 induced by IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α or lipopolysaccharide was abrogated. Furthermore, these aECM promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC as determined by an increased activity of tissue non‐specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP); however, the aECM had no effect on the IL‐1β‐induced TNAP activity. These data suggest that aECM with high‐sulfated GAG derivatives suppress the formation of pro‐inflammatory mediators and simultaneously promote the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC. Therefore, these aECM might offer an interesting approach as material/surface modification supporting the bone healing process. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1561–1571, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized trial of real‐time automated clinical deterioration alerts sent to a rapid response team
Authors: Kollef Marin H. , Chen Yixin , Heard Kevin , LaRossa Gina N. , Lu Chenyang , Martin Nathan R. , Martin Nelda , Micek Scott T. , Bailey Thomas 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDEpisodes of patient deterioration on hospital units are expected to increasingly contribute to morbidity and healthcare costs.OBJECTIVETo determine if real‐time alerts sent to the rapid response team (RRT) improved patient care.DESIGNRandomized, controlled trial.SETTINGEight medicine units (Barnes‐Jewish Hospital).PATIENTSFive hundred seventy‐one patients.INTERVENTIONReal‐time alerts generated by a validated deterioration algorithm were sent real‐time to the RRT (intervention) or hidden (control).MEASUREMENTSIntensive care unit (ICU) transfer, hospital mortality, hospital duration.RESULTSICU transfer (17.8% vs 18.2%; odds ratio: 0.972; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.635–1.490) and hospital mortality (7.3% vs 7.7%; odds ratio: 0.947; 95% CI: 0.509‐1.764) were similar for the intervention and control groups. The number of patients requiring transfer to a nursing home or long‐term acute care hospital was similar for patients in the intervention and control groups (26.9% vs 26.3%; odds ratio: 1.032; 95% CI: 0.712–1.495). Hospital duration (8.4 ± 9.5 days vs 9.4 ± 11.1 days; P = 0.038) was statistically shorter for the intervention group. The number of RRT calls initiated by the primary care team was similar for the intervention and control groups (19.9% vs 16.5%; odds ratio: 1.260; 95% CI: 0.823‐1.931).CONCLUSIONSReal‐time alerts sent to the RRT did not reduce ICU transfers, hospital mortality, or the need for subsequent long term care. However, hospital length of stay was modestly reduced. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:424–429. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
A climatology of convective available potential energy in Great Britain
Authors: Holley D. M. , Dorling S. R. , Steele C. J. , Earl N. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTDeep moist convection (DMC) requires three ingredients: instability, moisture and lift. One measure that incorporates two of these, instability and moisture, is convective available potential energy (CAPE). A 10‐year climatology of CAPE over Great Britain is presented covering the period 1 June 2002–31 May 2012, based on a 9‐km grid spacing implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with two‐way interactive nesting. Appropriate tests are carried out to verify model reliability by comparing simulated and observed CAPE. CAPE is found to be highly variable both spatially and temporally, the highest values being produced during Spanish plume events. A strong relationship is confirmed between surface temperature and CAPE magnitude, the highest CAPE across Great Britain during this period locally exceeding 3000 J kg−1. In an average year, 15 days produce CAPE in excess of 500 J kg−1 somewhere in Great Britain, 4 days > 1000 J kg−1 and 1 day > 1500 J kg−1. Three main CAPE seasons are identified: ‘land dominated CAPE’ between April and September, ‘sea dominated CAPE’ between September and January and ‘low CAPE’ from January to April. The southern North Sea witnesses significant CAPE all year round because of a combination of favourable synoptic situations, including warm air plumes in spring/summer and cold air incursions over warmer seas in winter. CAPE is not a direct predictor of thunderstorm incidence, due in part to the confounding effect of convective inhibition (CIN). However, at the annual scale, when comparing against an existing days of thunder climatology, we observe a close correspondence with >500 J kg−1 CAPE frequency.
Atmospheric circulation influence on climatic trends in Europe: an analysis of circulation type classifications from the COST733 catalogue
Authors: Cahynová Monika , Huth Radan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe studied the influence of changes in the frequency of atmospheric circulation types (CTs) on seasonal trends of daily maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation at several European stations in the period 1961–2000. The 24 circulation classifications used were created within the COST733cat database using eight classification methods; each applied on daily sea‐level pressure fields over Europe and 11 smaller European domains in three variants with fixed numbers of types (9, 18, and 27). This allows us to study how different spatial scales of circulation and varying numbers of CTs affect the circulation–climate relationship. Significant trends in the frequency of CTs took place mainly in winter, and these clearly reflect the tendency towards positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation: the frequency of westerly types increased in the central latitudinal belt from the British Isles east to Ukraine, whereas the frequency of days with cyclonic circulation increased over Iceland and decreased in central Mediterranean. Seasonal temperature and precipitation trends can be only partly explained by the changing frequency of CTs, the link being the strongest in winter. In spring, summer, and autumn, the observed climatic trends are not forced by changes in the frequency of CTs but rather by changing climate within these types, which confirms the previously reported nonstationarities in the relationship between atmospheric circulation and local climate. There are marked differences among the results obtained using 24 parallel, fully comparable objective catalogues of CTs, but neither good or bad result nor any preferred classification method can be discerned. In winter and spring, small‐scale circulation influences the observed climatic trends more than large‐scale circulation on a majority of stations except for Iceland and Scandinavia. Classifications with more CTs usually explain a larger proportion of the observed climatic trends.
Comparative analysis of the ability of a set of CMIP3 and CMIP5 global climate models to represent precipitation in South America
Authors: Gulizia Carla , Camilloni Inés 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of two sets of global climate models (GCMs) derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects Phase 3 (CMIP3) and Phase 5 (CMIP5) to represent the summer, winter, and annual precipitation mean patterns in South America south of the equator and in three particular sub‐regions, between years 1960 and 1999. Different metrics (relative bias, spatial correlation, RMSE, and relative errors) were calculated and compared between both projects to determine if there has been improvement from CMIP3 to CMIP5 models in the representation of regional rainfall. Results from this analysis indicate that for the analysed seasons, precipitation simulated by both CMIP3 and CMIP5 models' ensembles exhibited some differences. In DJF, the relative bias over Amazonia, central South America, eastern Argentina, and Uruguay is reduced in CMIP5 compared with CMIP3. In JJA, the same occurs in some areas of Amazonia. Annual precipitation is also better represented by the CMIP5 than CMIP3 GCMs as they underestimate precipitation to a lesser extent, although in NE Brazil the overestimation values are much larger in CMIP5 than in CMIP3 analysis. In line with previous studies, the multi‐model ensembles show the best representation of the observed patterns in most seasons and regions. Only in some cases, single GCMs [MIROC3.2(hires) – CMIP3– and MIROC4h – CMIP5] presented better results than the ensemble. The high horizontal resolution of these models suggests that this could be a relevant issue for a more adequate estimation of rainfall at least in the analysed regions.
Rheology, Electrical Properties, and Percolation of TRGO‐Filled EVA‐Copolymers
Authors: Ratzsch Karl‐Friedrich , Cecen Volkan , Tölle Folke , Wartig Karen‐Alessa , Thomann Ralf , Mülhaupt Rolf , Friedrich Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper describes the production of graphene nanocomposites via melt mixing of thermally reduced graphite oxide with ethylene vinyl‐acetate copolymers of different (0–70 wt%) vinyl acetate content, and their measured electrical and rheological properties. The aim of these studies was to investigate the influence of a continually changing polymer matrix polarity on the dispersion and percolating behavior of graphene fillers, an effect that can be expected to be most prominent with the high specific surfaces of the latter. Composites with graphite and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes were produced and examined for comparison. The effectivity of the dispersion process was checked by measuring the melt rheology and electrical conductivity of the samples. The percolation thresholds derived from these measurements show a minimum for VA contents around 20 wt%. The thresholds for electrical conductivity are by a factor around 1.5 lower than the rheological values, and both are distinctively higher than those observed from composites produced via solution mixing. The percolation behavior is compared to predictions made from the surface energy of the compounds.
Planar Conjugated Polymers Containing 9,10‐Disubstituted Phenanthrene Units for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Li Guangwu , Kang Chong , Li Cuihong , Lu Zhen , Zhang Jicheng , Gong Xue , Zhao Guangyao , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping , Bo Zhishan 
Published: April 2014

Four novel conjugated polymers (P1‐4) with 9,10‐disubstituted phenanthrene (PhA) as the donor unit and 5,6‐bis(octyloxy)benzothiadiazole as the acceptor unit are synthesized and characterized. These polymers are of medium bandgaps (2.0 eV), low‐lying HOMO energy levels (below −5.3 eV), and high hole mobilities (in the range of 3.6 × 10−3 to 0.02 cm2 V−1 s−1). Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cells (PSCs) with P1‐4:PC71BM blends as the active layer and an alcohol‐soluble fullerene derivative (FN‐C60) as the interfacial layer between the active layer and cathode give the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.24%, indicating that 9,10‐disubstituted PhA are potential donor materials for high‐efficiency BHJ PSCs.
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Moving the Injectable Methotrexate Service Closer to Home: A Practice Development Initiative
Authors: Fitzgerald Pauline , Hale Claire 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this practice development project was to make it quicker and easier for patients to switch to subcutaneous (s/c) methotrexate and thereby introduce a nurse‐led methotrexate clinic into a district general hospital, which would make the best use of the advanced knowledge and skills of the rheumatology specialist nurses; empower patients and improve their experience; and introduce cost savings for the Trust.MethodsOver a period of four months, meetings were held with pharmacists, clinicians, administrative and support staff to formulate a plan to introduce the changes and agree the benefits to patients. A detailed plan for the practice development project addressed the procedures to follow, the safety issues for patients and the revision of current documentation.ResultsA review of service in the year before and after the change revealed that the number of rheumatoid arthritis patients who had switched to s/c methotrexate had increased by 80%. This was a significant difference (p = 0.049), which strongly suggested that the change in service was the reason for the increased number of patients who were able to switch their route of administration of methotrexate.ConclusionThis project demonstrated that not only do nurse specialists have the skills to make clinical decisions and judgements, prescribe medications and escalate therapies with no detriment to the patients, but also that this practice can lead to a more efficient and effective service, at a reduced cost to the Trust. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.