bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The neurobiology of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Phillipou Andrea , Rossell Susan Lee , Castle David Jonathan 
Published: November 2013

Objective: Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have enabled a better understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of anorexia nervosa (AN). The aim of this paper was to summarise our current understanding of the neurobiology of AN. Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar, and by additional hand searches through reference lists and specialist eating disorders journals. Relevant studies were included if they were written in English, only used human participants, had a specific AN group, used clinical populations of AN, group comparisons were reported for AN compared to healthy controls and not merely AN compared to other eating disorders or other psychiatric groups, and were not case studies. Results: The systematic review summarises a number of structural and functional brain differences which are reported in individuals with AN, including differences in neurotransmitter function, regional cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, volumetrics and the blood oxygen level dependent response. Conclusion: Several structural and functional differences have been reported in AN, some of which reverse and others which persist following weight restoration. These findings have important implications for our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of AN, and further research in this field may provide new direction for the development of more effective treatments.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Endoscopic Balloon Dilation of Pediatric Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Lang Michael , Brietzke Scott E. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveEndoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) is an inviting, noninvasive option to manage pediatric subglottic stenosis that could preclude the need for tracheostomy and/or laryngeal‐tracheal reconstruction (LTR). However, treatment outcomes and patient selection criteria are not well described.Data SourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases were systematically searched using multiple search terms.Review MethodsA systematic review of pediatric EBD was performed and then reported in compliance with PRISMA principles. Inclusion criteria consisted of a sample size of 5 or greater, pediatric patients, and primary EBD without adjuvant procedures. Meta‐analysis was performed with random effects modeling and pooled data regression.ResultsAfter systematic database search and detailed review, 7 studies were included in the final data set with 150 total subjects. All studies were case series (level 4 evidence). The mean sample size was 20 subjects (range, 5‐44), and the grand mean age was 2.2 years (range, 2.2‐60 months). The random effects model estimate of the overall treatment success (avoidance of tracheostomy or LTR) was 65.3% (k = 6 studies, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 60.1%‐70.6%, P <. 001, Q test for heterogeneity = 3.98, P =. 552, I2 = 0%). Follow‐up was inconsistently reported but averaged 4.6 months (range, 0.25‐12.5 months). Only 1 study reported significant complications (1 death, 2 tracheal lacerations). Pooled data multivariate regression indicated that increasing Cotton‐Meyers grade was associated with decreased odds of success (odds ratio = 0.198, 95% CI = 0.0451‐0.870, P =. 032). Funnel plot analysis suggested the possibility of publication bias.ConclusionsEBD is successful in most patients over short‐term follow‐up. The reported complication rates are low. Increasing severity of subglottic stenosis increases the odds of treatment failure.
Technique for delivering large tumors in video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Sihoe Alan DL , Chawla Surbhi , Paul Sohini , Nair Arun , Lee Jesse , Yin Kanhua 
Published: November 2013

Background The optimal technique for delivering large tumors during video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy remains uncertain. Methods In 258 patients receiving video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy for lung cancer, techniques for delivering the resected lobe included complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy without rib spreading ( n = 206, 80%), resection of a short rib segment ( n = 9, 3%), brief rib spreading ( n = 12, 5%), and conversion to a minithoracotomy ( n = 21, 8%). In 10 (4%) patients, a novel anterior rib cutting technique was used: one rib at the utility port was cut near its anterior end to widen the intercostal space without forcible rib spreading for lobe delivery. Results There was no mortality or major morbidity using the anterior rib cutting technique, and it delivered tumors of a larger mean diameter than complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (5.4 ± 3.4 vs. 2.3 ± 1.4 cm, p = 0.017) whilst yielding a similar mean operation time and blood loss to the other non-complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy techniques. The anterior rib cutting technique gave similar postoperative patient pain scores and analgesic use to complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, and shorter mean hospital stay than the other non-complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy techniques (5.6 ± 2.8 vs. 10.0 ± 7.1 days, p = 0.003). Conclusions In video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, the anterior rib cutting technique is a safe and feasible procedure for delivering large tumors, causing no more pain than complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy, and allowing faster recovery than other non-complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy techniques.
Systematic review of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: A survey of 22 years’ data
Authors: Dajer-Fadel Walid L , Argüero-Sánchez Rubén , Ibarra-Pérez Carlos , Navarro-Reynoso Francisco P 
Published: November 2013

Objective To describe and clarify management protocols in relation to spontaneous pneumomediastinum, and try to integrate criteria on this subject. Background Thoracic physicians are faced with patients who present with gas in the mediastinum, frequently without an obvious etiologic factor. Published material contains heterogeneous information from which different conclusions can be drawn. Methods In a Medline search from 1990 to 2012, we collected data on mortality, morbidity, signs, symptoms, etiologic factors, and diagnostic methods. Standardized mean differences were calculated. Results We identified 600 patients in 27 papers with series of >5 patients without precipitating or etiologic factors previous to the clinical presentation, but athletic activity, drug abuse, and history of asthma played an apparent role in the disease process. Most patients complained of thoracic pain and dyspnea, with subcutaneous emphysema and Hamman’s sign. The most common complication was tension pneumothorax. Morbidity was seen in 2.8%; no mortality has been reported so far. Conclusion Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare disease with a benign course, which should be treated conservatively unless a complication mandates an invasive procedure. An algorithm for diagnosis and treatment is offered, based on the available evidence.
Breast Milk Choline Contents Are Associated with Inflammatory Status of Breastfeeding Women
Authors: Ozarda Yesim , Cansev Mehmet , Ulus Ismail H. 
Published: November 2013

Background: Choline is an important component of human breast milk and its content varies considerably among breastfeeding women and lactation periods. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between breast milk choline contents and inflammatory status in breastfeeding women. Methods: Breast milk choline compounds and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were determined in breastfeeding women at 1 to 3 (n = 53) or 22 to 180 (n = 54) days postpartum, expressing colostrum or mature milk, respectively. Results: Median concentrations of free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, phospholipid-bound choline, and total choline were 71, 38, 96, 194, and 407 µmol/L or 93, 351, 958, 186, and 1532 µmol/L in colostrum or mature milk, respectively. Median serum CRP concentrations were 4.13 mg/L and 0.33 mg/L at 1 to 3 days and 22 to 180 days postpartum, respectively. At 1 to 3 days postpartum, milk free choline, phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, and total choline as well as serum CRP concentrations were significantly higher in breastfeeding women who delivered by cesarean section than those who delivered via the vaginal route. Serum CRP concentration was positively correlated with colostrum free choline (r = 0.703; P < .001), phosphocholine (r = 0.759; P < .001), glycerophosphocholine (r = 0.706; P < .001), and total choline (r = 0.693; P < .001), whereas it was negatively correlated (r = −0.442; P < .001) with colostrum phospholipid-bound choline. Serum CRP was also negatively correlated with mature milk free choline (r = −0.278; P < .05), but no correlation was found between serum CRP and other choline compounds in mature milk. Conclusion: These data show that the concentrations of milk choline compounds are associated with inflammatory status of breastfeeding women, particularly during the first few days after delivery.
Screening and Primary prevention of Colorectal Cancer: a Review of sex-specific and site-specific differences
Authors: Massat Nathalie J , Moss Sue M , Halloran Stephen P , Duffy Stephen W 
Published: November 2013

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second commonest cancer in England. Incidence rates for colorectal adenomas and advanced colorectal neoplasia are higher in men than in women of all age groups. The male-to-female ratio for CRC incidence rates differs for different parts of the large bowel. Objective To summarize the current evidence on colorectal screening and prevention, focussing on potential differences in benefits between sexes and colorectal sites. Methods (i), We reviewed the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the impact of different screening approaches on CRC incidence and mortality, overall, for each sex separately, and for subsites of the large bowel. (ii) We reviewed studies comparing detection parameters for faecal immunochemical tests for haemoglobin (FIT) with guaiac FOBt (gFOBt). (iii) The role of aspirin in CRC prevention in the general population was reviewed using evidence from RCTs, with specific emphasis on the differences observed between sexes and lesion site. Results (i) Our intention-to-treat random-effects meta-analysis showed that once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening performed on average-risk individuals aged 55 + decreased CRC incidence by 18% and mortality by 28%, but sex-specific results were lacking. (ii) Modern quantitative FIT were superior to qualitative gFOBt in average-risk population screening in their ability to discriminate between individuals with and without colorectal neoplasia. Some recent FIT studies suggest varying operating characteristics in men and women. (iii) Evidence of an effect of aspirin on the incidence of CRC (in particular, proximal disease) in both sexes aged 40 and over at average-risk of CRC is emerging. Conclusions We encourage researchers of CRC screening and prevention to publish their results by sex where possible. Pilot studies should be undertaken before implementation of quantitative FIT in a national screening programme to establish the appropriate threshold. Finally, individual risk assessment for CRC and non-CRC events, will be necessary to make an informed decision on whether a patient should receive aspirin chemoprevention.
Children in Residential Care
Authors: Strijbosch E. L. L. , Helm G. H. P. van der , Brandenburg M. E. T. van , Mecking M. , Wissink I. B. , Stams G. J. J. M. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose: This study describes the development and validation of the Group Climate Instrument for Children aged 8 to 15 years (GCIC 8-15), which purports to measure the quality of group climate in residential care. Methods: A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data of 117 children in Dutch residential youth care. Reliability analysis was performed and concurrent validity was tested. Results: An adequate fit of a two-factor model indicated construct validity of the GCIC 8-15. Reliability coefficients were good, and a significant correlation between perceived group climate and treatment motivation supported concurrent validity. Discussion: The GCIC 8-15 can be used to identify positive and negative aspects of group climate in residential youth care and enables further group climate research with children.
Evaluation of a Sexual Abuse Prevention Education for Chinese Preschoolers
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Chen Jingqi , Feng Yanan , Li Jingyi , Liu Chengfeng , Zhao Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of a sexual abuse prevention education in a sample of Chinese preschool children in Beijing, China. Method: One hundred and fifty preschool children were randomly assigned to either the intervention group ( N = 78) or the wait-list control group ( N = 72). Children were posttested on sexual abuse prevention knowledge and self-protection skills gains. Results: Following program participation, preschool children in the intervention group demonstrated greater knowledge about sexual abuse prevention and higher levels of self-protection skills compared with children in the wait-list control group. Conclusions: Findings suggest that it is feasible to implement the sexual abuse prevention education with Chinese preschoolers. Applications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Study of a Semester
Authors: Limes-Taylor Kelly 
Published: November 2013

While a growing body of work focuses on research in the form of poetry, the author instead uses poetry to examine not only her research topic and academia but also her own motives for research. Based on an exploration of narrative in her historiographical study of the Georgia Writer’s Project Drums and Shadows: Survival Studies Among the Georgia Coastal Negroes, Kelly’s poetic interrogation begins with her personal connection to the Flying African tales, then moves into the ways her own life informs her self-identification as a researcher and scholar. Finally, she turns her gaze on the ultimate gazer—academia. The presentation of this work in an academic journal seeks to trouble rather than soothe, agitate rather than comfort. It calls for an unwavering, unabashed accountability: if we academicians truly want to explore, truly want to find the answers to our questions, we must first examine ourselves.
Comparison and improvement of algorithms for computing minimal cut sets
Authors: Jungreuthmayer Christian , Nair Govind , Klamt Steffen , Zanghellini Jürgen 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Constrained minimal cut sets (cMCSs) have recently been introduced as a framework to enumerate minimal genetic intervention strategies for targeted optimization of metabolic networks. Two different algorithmic schemes (adapted Berge algorithm and binary integer programming) have been proposed to compute cMCSs from elementary modes. However, in their original formulation both algorithms are not fully comparable.

Results
Here we show that by a small extension to the integer program both methods become equivalent. Furthermore, based on well-known preprocessing procedures for integer programming we present efficient preprocessing steps which can be used for both algorithms. We then benchmark the numerical performance of the algorithms in several realistic medium-scale metabolic models. The benchmark calculations reveal (i) that these preprocessing steps can lead to an enormous speed-up under both algorithms, and (ii) that the adapted Berge algorithm outperforms the binary integer approach.

Conclusions
Generally, both of our new implementations are by at least one order of magnitude faster than other currently available implementations.
Effect of artificial shading on the tannin accumulation and aromatic composition of the Grillo cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Scafidi Pietro , Pisciotta Antonino , Patti Davide , Tamborra Pasquale , Di Lorenzo Rosario , Barbagallo Maria Gabriella 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundWhite wine quality, especially in warm climates, is affected by sunlight and heat stress. These factors increase the probability that ambering processes will occur and reduce the potential flavour compounds. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sunlight reduction on the accumulation of polyphenolic and aromatic compounds.ResultsThis study was conducted in a commercial vineyard containingV. viniferaL. cv Grillo. Opaque polypropylene boxes (100% shading) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) net bags (50% shading) were applied at fruit set. The effect of the shaded treatments was compared to the exposed fruit treatment. The shaded treatments resulted in heavier berries and lower must sugar contents than the exposed treatments. Proanthocyanidins and total polyphenol levels were similar in the exposed and bagged grapes; however, the levels were always lower in the boxed fruit. At harvest, the highest aroma level was measured in the boxed fruits.ConclusionsThe boxed fruit had less sugar, fewer proanthocyanidins and more flavours than the exposed grapes.The reduction in flavanols reactive to p-dimethylamino-cinnamaldehyde as (+)-catechin equivalents and total skin proanthocyanidins is an important result for the white winemaking process. In addition, the higher level of aromatic compounds in shaded grapes at harvest is an important contribution to the development of different wine styles.
Evaluation of Ertapenem use with Impact Assessment on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBL) Production and Gram-Negative resistance in Singapore General Hospital (SGH)
Authors: Lim Cheryl Li-Ling , Lee Winnie , Lee Amanda Ling-Chiu , Liew Lisa Ting-Ting , Nah Szu Chin , Wan Choon Nam , Chlebicki Maciej Piotr , Kwa Andrea Lay-Hoon 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Ertapenem (preferred choice for ESBL-producing organisms) use exhibited an increasing trend from 2006 to 2008. As extensive use of ertapenem might induce the mutation of resistant bacteria strains to ertapenem, we aimed to assess the appropriateness and impact of ertapenem-use, on ESBL production, the trends of gram-negative bacterial resistance and on the utilization of other antibiotics in our institution.

Methods
Inpatients who received a dose of ertapenem during 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2008, were reviewed. Pertinent patient clinical data was extracted from the pharmacy databases and assessed for appropriateness based on dose and indication. Relevant data from Network for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (Singapore) (NARSS) was extracted, to cross-correlate with ertapenem via time series to assess its impact on hospital epidemiology, trends of gram-negative resistance and consumption of other antibiotics from 2006 to mid-2010.

Results
906 cases were reviewed. Ertapenem therapy was appropriate in 72.4% (93.7% success rate). CNS adverse events were noted in 3.2%. Readmission rate (30-day) due to re-infection (same pathogen) was 5.5%. Fifty cases had cultures growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa within 30 days of ertapenem initiation, with 25 cases growing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Ertapenem use increased from 0.45 DDD/100 patient days in 2006 to 1.2 DDD/100 patient days in mid-2010. Overall, the increasing trend of ertapenem consumption correlated with 1) increasing incidence-densities of ciprofloxacin-resistant/cephalosporin-resistant E. coli at zero time lag; 2) increasing incidence-densities of ertapenem-resistant Escherichia. coli and Klebsiella spp. at zero time lag; 3) increasing incidence-density of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, at zero time lag.
Increasing ertapenem consumption was significantly correlated with decreasing consumption of cefepime (R2 = 0.37344) 3 months later. It was significantly correlated with a decrease in imipenem consumption (R2 = 0.31081), with no time lag but was correlated with subsequent increasing consumption of meropenem (R2 = 0.4092) 6 months later.

Conclusion
Ertapenem use was appropriate. Increasing Ertapenem consumption did not result in a decreasing trend of ESBL producing enterobacteriaceae and could result in the selection for multi-drug resistant bacteria.
New method for retrospective study of hemodynamic changes before and after aneurysm formation in patients with ruptured or unruptured aneurysms
Authors: Le Wei-Jie , Zhu Yue-Qi , Li Ming-Hua , Yan Lei , Tan Hua-Qiao , Xiao Shi-Min , Cheng Ying-Sheng 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Prospective observation of hemodynamic changes before and after formation of brain aneurysms is often difficult. We used a vessel surface repair method to carry out a retrospective hemodynamic study before and after aneurysm formation in a ruptured aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery (RPcomAA) and an unruptured aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery (URPcomAA).

Methods
Arterial geometries obtained from three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography of cerebral angiograms were used for flow simulation by employing finite-volume modeling. Hemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress (WSS), blood-flow velocity, streamlines, pressure, and wall shear stress gradient (WSSG) in the aneurysm sac and at the site of aneurysm formation were analyzed in each model.

Results
At “aneurysm” status, hemodynamic analyses at the neck, body, and dome of the aneurysm revealed the distal aneurysm neck to be subjected to the highest WSS and blood-flow velocity, whereas the aneurysm dome presented the lowest WSS and blood-flow velocity in both model types. More apparent changes in WSSG at the aneurysm dome with an inflow jet and narrowed impaction zone were revealed only in the RPcomAA. At “pre-aneurysm” status, hemodynamic analyses in both models showed that the region of aneurysm formation was subjected to extremely elevated WSS, WSSG, and blood-flow velocity.

Conclusions
These data suggest that hemodynamic analyses in patients with ruptured or unruptured aneurysms using the vessel surface repair method are feasible, economical, and simple. Our preliminary results indicated that the arterial wall was subjected to elevated WSS, WSSG and blood-flow velocity before aneurysm generation. However, more complicated flow patterns (often with an inflow jet or narrowed impaction zone) were more likely to be observed in ruptured aneurysm.