bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic Bands as a Component of Periodized Resistance Training
Authors: Joy Jordan M. , Lowery Ryan P. , Oliveira de Souza Eduardo , Wilson Jacob M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Joy, JM, Lowery, RP, Oliveira de Souza, E, and Wilson, JM. Elastic bands as a component of periodized resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2100–2106, 2016—Variable resistance training (VRT) has recently become a component of strength and conditioning programs. Prior research has demonstrated increases in power and/or strength using low loads of variable resistance. However, no study has examined using high loads of variable resistance as a part of a periodized training protocol to examine VRT within the context of a periodized training program and to examine a greater load of variable resistance than has been examined in prior research. Fourteen National Collegiate Athletic Association division II male basketball players were recruited for this study. Athletes were divided equally into either a variable resistance or control group. The variable resistance group added 30% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM) as band tension to their prescribed weight 1 session per week. Rate of power development (RPD), peak power, strength, body composition, and vertical jump height were measured pretreatment and posttreatment. No baseline differences were observed between groups for any measurement of strength, power, or body composition. A significant group by time interaction was observed for RPD, in which RPD was greater in VRT posttraining than in the control group. Significant time effects were observed for all other variables including squat 1RM, bench press 1RM, deadlift 1RM, clean 3RM, vertical jump, and lean mass. Although there were no significant group ×-time interactions, the VRT group's percent changes and effect sizes indicate a larger treatment effect in the squat and bench press 1RM values and the vertical jump performed on the force plate and vertec. These results suggest that when using variable resistance as a component of a periodized training program, power and strength can be enhanced. Therefore, athletes who add variable resistance to 1 training session per week may enhance their athletic performance.
Shortness: an unknown phenotype of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: López Caroline L , Langer Peter , Waldmann Jens , Fendrich Volker , Sitter Helmut , Nies Christoph , Bartsch Detlef K 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveAn observation of shortness among the female participants of a regular screening program in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) patients has raised the question as to whether shortness represents a phenotype characteristic of the disease.MethodsThe body height (cm) of genetically confirmed MEN1 patients at the time of diagnosis was compared with the body height of their unaffected relatives (parents, siblings, and children), the mid-parental body height, and the body height of the age-matched German population. Univariate analysis of the clinical variables was performed using thet-test, Mann–WhitneyUtest, and ANOVA as appropriate, and multivariate analysis was performed as a logistic regression analysis.Pvalues <0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean body height of 22 female MEN1 patients (mean age 33.5 years) was 161±5 cm and thus significantly lesser than the body heights of their unaffected female relatives (mean 165.5±7.3 cm,P=0.027) and the age-matched German female population (mean 167 cm,P=0.0001) and mid-parental height (177.5 cm,P<0.0001). The mean body height of 24 male MEN1 patients (mean age 34.8 years) was also lesser (177±6.5 cm) than the average body height of German males in this age group (180 cm,P=0.031) and tended to be lesser than that of their unaffected male relatives (178.5±5.8 cm,P=0.0915) and the mid-parental body height (177.5 cm,P=0.124).ConclusionsSmall body height is a yet unrecognized phenotype characteristic of MEN1 patients, especially in women. The mechanisms behind this phenotypical characteristic warrant further investigation.
Recent Advances on Bulk Tantalum Carbide Produced by Solvothermal Synthesis and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Clark Braeden M. , Kelly James P. , Graeve Olivia A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe sintering of tantalum carbide nanopowders by spark plasma sintering (SPS) is investigated. The washing procedure for the powders is modified from previous work to eliminate excess lithium in the powders that is left over from the synthesis process. The sintering behavior of the nanopowders is investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy by studying specimens that were sintered to different temperatures. To improve the homogeneity of the microstructure of the specimens, milling procedures were implemented. Vaporization during sintering is observed, and the usefulness of carbon additions and systematic decreases in temperature to curb this behavior was explored. Future experiments to achieve full density and to maintain a nanostructure of the specimens include sintering with higher pressures, lower temperatures, and longer dwell times. Additives for maintaining a nanostructure and developing suitable high-temperature properties are also discussed.
The thermal dependence of biological traits
Authors: Dell Anthony I. , Pawar Samraat , Savage Van M. 
Published: May 2013

Environmental temperature has strong and systematic effects on biological processes at all levels of organization, ranging from cells to ecosystems. The large temporal and spatial variation in Earth's temperature creates a complex thermal landscape within which life evolves and operates. Here, we present a data set on how diverse biological rates and times respond to temperature, which we hope will aid in the search for general mechanisms of thermal dependence.For nearly a century, intraspecific studies (within single species' populations) of thermal responses have been conducted on a wide range of organismal traits. Comparative studies of these data are essential for elucidating mechanisms underlying thermal response curves. However, such comparative intraspecific studies have been limited because of a lack of a comprehensive database that organizes these data with consistent units and trait definitions. Here, we present a database of 2352 thermal responses for 220 traits for microbes, plants, and animals compiled from 270 published sources. This represents the most diverse and comprehensive thermal response data set ever compiled. The traits in this database span levels of biological organization from internal physiology to species interactions and were measured in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats for 411 species. Although we include some physiological rates, most data are for ecological traits, which we define here to mean any organismal trait that directly determines interactions between individuals within or across species.We hope that publication of our data set will encourage others to compile complementary data sets, especially on individual physiology and life history traits. Intraspecific and interspecific (across species' populations) analyses of our data set should provide new insights into generalities and deviations in the thermal dependence of biological traits, and thus how biological systems, from cells to ecosystems, respond to temperature change. Such insights are essential for understanding how natural biological systems function, and how life is responding to Earth's complex and rapidly changing thermal landscape.
Evaluation of Two Transgenes for Aluminum Tolerance in Alfalfa
Authors: Reyno Rafael , Khu Dong-Man , Monteros Maria J. , Bouton Joseph H. , Parrott Wayne , Brummer E. Charles 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTAlfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) production is dramatically reduced in acidic, Al‐rich soil. Transgenic plants of several species overexpressing organic acid synthesis and/or organic acid transporter genes have shown enhanced tolerance to Al. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the citrate synthase (CS) and the Daucus carota L. plasma membrane H+‐transporting adenosine triphosphatase (H+ATPase) (DcPA1) transgenes on Al tolerance in alfalfa. Stem cuttings from a full‐sib T2 population including four isogenic groups (plants with neither transgene, CS only, DcPA1 only, and both transgenes) together with nontransformed check genotypes were evaluated for Al and acid soil tolerance in a greenhouse assay in limed and unlimed soil. Aluminum and acid soil tolerance was assessed by measuring the ratios of root and shoot dry weight in unlimed soil compared to limed soil. The three transgenic populations, CS, DcPA1, and CS plus DcPA1, all showed higher Al and acid soil tolerance and lower levels of Al in shoot tissue than the nontransgenic isogenic population or the nontransgenic parental genotypes. This suggests that an Al‐exclusion mechanism could be driving Al and acid soil tolerance in this study. We observed no advantage of combining both transgenes in the same genetic background. These transgenes offer an efficient method to achieve enhanced Al and acid soil tolerant alfalfa cultivars, but more information is needed on their stability across generations and genetic backgrounds and their performance under field conditions.
Estimated GFR and Fracture Risk
Authors: Elliott Meghan J. , James Matthew T. , Quinn Robert R. , Ravani Pietro , Tonelli Marcello , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Tan Zhi , Manns Braden J. , Kline Gregory A. , Ronksley Paul E. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Although patients with ESRD have a higher fracture risk than the general population, there is conflicting evidence regarding fracture incidence in those with CKD. This study sought to determine the association between estimated GFR (eGFR) and fracture rates.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This study identified 1,815,943 community-dwelling adults who had at least one outpatient serum creatinine measurement between 2002 and 2008. Patients with eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and those who required dialysis were excluded. Incident fractures of the hip, wrist, and vertebrae were identified using diagnostic and procedure codes. Poisson regression was used to determine adjusted rates of each fracture type by eGFR, age, and sex.

Results
The median age of the cohort was 47 years (interquartile range, 24), and 7.1% had eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Over a median follow-up of 4.4 years, fracture rates increased with age at all sites. Within each age stratum, unadjusted rates increased with declining eGFR; however, adjusted rates were similar across eGFR categories. For example, among women aged 65–74 years, adjusted hip fracture rates were 3.41 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 2.30 to 4.53) and 4.58 per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 0.02 to 9.14) in those with eGFR ≥90 and 15–29 ml/min per 1.73 m2, respectively. Similar results were observed for wrist and vertebral fractures.

Conclusions
In contrast to earlier studies, patients with eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 do not appear to have increased rates of hip, wrist, and vertebral fractures independent of age and sex.
Parathyroidectomy and Heart Rate Variability in Patients with Stage 5 CKD
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yu Xiangbao , Sun Bin , Bai Jianling , Wei Yongyue , Zha Xiaoming , Cui Yiyao , Zeng Ming , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Jia , Mao Huijuan , Zhang Bo , Ren Haibin , Ge Yifei , Xu Xueqiang , Shen Zhixiang , Xing Changying , Cao Kejiang , Wang Ningning 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Lower heart rate variability implies increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between mineral metabolism and heart rate variability and longitudinal changes of heart rate variability after parathyroidectomy in stage 5 CKD patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
This cross-sectional study included 118 stage 5 CKD patients, 87 controls, and a prospective study in two subgroups classified as successful (n=17) and unsuccessful (n=4) parathyroidectomy follow-up enrolled from March of 2011 to December of 2012. Blood examination and 24-hour Holter for heart rate variability were measured.

Results
Most heart rate variability indices were lower in stage 5 CKD patients. In multivariate stepwise regression models, serum intact parathyroid hormone was correlated with mean normal-to-normal R–R intervals, mean heart rate, and very low frequency, serum calcium was correlated with SD of 5-minute average of normal R–R intervals, and serum phosphorus was correlated with very low frequency and low frequency/high frequency. Compared with baseline, the successful parathyroidectomy subgroup had significant improvements in mean normal-to-normal R–R intervals, mean heart rate, SD of normal-to-normal R–R intervals, SD of 5-minute average of normal R–R intervals, very low frequency, high frequency, and low frequency/high frequency. There was no significant change of heart rate variability in patients after unsuccessful parathyroidectomy.

Conclusions
Disorders of mineral metabolism are associated with decreased heart rate variability in stage 5 CKD. Successful parathyroidectomy may contribute to reverse this cardiovascular disease risk in severe secondary hyperparathyroidism patients.
Key Considerations in the Audit of Inventory: A Practice-Oriented Learning Case Utilizing “Diamonds”
Authors: Green Wendy J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The aim of the case is twofold. The primary aim is to facilitate the embedding of the audit assertion constructs into students' knowledge. Students frequently have difficulty in grasping the audit assertions. This case has been developed to provide students with a visual technique to assist their understanding of the assertions. The second aim of this case is to facilitate student understanding of issues pertaining to the audit of inventory, including the role of internal control, the assessment of risks that may lead to material misstatement, including the need to specifically consider fraud risk, and the audit procedures that may reduce these risks. These aims are achieved through providing a rich set of background materials relating to the inventory audit for a company with an inventory of investment diamonds. The case material is presented in two separate modules that build on each other and may be combined to create increased case complexity. The module approach will allow instructors to select the case format most applicable to both their classroom structure and their student needs.
Microsatellite loci-based distribution of Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes from Chilean chronic Chagas disease patients and Triatoma infestans is concordant with a specific host-parasite association hypothesis
Authors: Venegas Juan , Díaz Felipe , Rojas Tamara , Miranda Sandra , Jercic M. , González Christian , Coñoepán William , Vargas Alex , Pichuantes Sergio , Gajardo Marta , Rodríguez Jorge , Sánchez Gittith 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate if there is specific host-parasite association in Chilean populations of Trypanosoma cruzi. For this purpose, two groups of parasites were analyzed, one from chronic chagasic patients, and the other from Triatoma infestans triatomines in three regions of the country. The first group consisted of four types of samples: parasites from peripheral blood of non-cardiopathic T. cruzi infected patients (NB); parasites from their corresponding xenodiagnosis (NX); parasites from peripheral blood of T. cruzi infected cardiopathic patients (CB) and parasites from their xenodiagnostics (CX). The T. infestans sample in turn was from three regions: III, V and M (Metropolitan). The genetic differentiation by the Fisher exact method, the lineage distribution of the samples, the molecular phylogeny and the frequency of multiclonality were analysed. The results show that not only are the groups of T. cruzi clones from Chagas disease patients and vectors genetically differentiated, but also all the sub-groups (NB, NX, CB and CX) from the III, V and M regions. The analysis of lineage distribution was concordant with the above results, because significant differences among the percentages of TcI, TcIII and hybrids (TcV or TcVI) were observed. The phylogenetic reconstruction with these Chilean T. cruzi samples was coherent with the above results because the four chagasic samples clustered together in a node with high bootstrap support, whereas the three triatomine samples (III, V and M) were located apart from that node. The topology of the tree including published T. cruzi clones and isolates was concordant with the known topology, which confirmed that the results presented here are correct and are not biased by experimental error. Taken together the results presented here are concordant with a specific host-parasite association between some Chilean T. cruzi populations.
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cylicocyclus (Nematoda: Strongylidae) based on nuclear ribosomal sequence data
Authors: Bu Yanzhen , Niu Hongxing , Zhang Luping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSeven species of Cylicocyclus Ihle, 1922 (Nematoda: Strongylidae) were collected from donkeys from Henan Province, China. Five samples of each species were selected for sequencing. Sixteen different internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences representing the seven species of Cylicocyclus were obtained. Sequence differences in the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) among species was lower than that of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2). Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the combined ITS-1 and ITS-2 data sets from the present study and using reference sequences from the GenBank database. The MP and ML trees were similar in topology. The phylogenetic trees were divided into two clades. Clade I included 8 species of Cylicocyclus; within this group, Cylicocyclus leptostomus (Kotlan, 1920) is nested between different samples of Cylicocyclus ashworthi (LeRoux, 1924), suggesting C. ashworthi may represent a species complex. Clade II included Cylicocyclus elongatus (Looss, 1900) and Cylicocyclus ultrajectinus (Ihle, 1920); however, these two species always clustered with the comparative species (Petrovinema poculatum (Looss, 1900) and Poteriostomum imparidentatum Quiel, 1919), suggesting that C. elongatus and C. ultrajectinus represent members of other genera.
Impact of global cerebral atrophy on clinical outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Tam Alan K. H. , Kapadia Anish , Ilodigwe Don , Li Zeyu , Schweizer Tom A. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: May 2013

Object
Atrophy in specific brain areas correlates with poor neuropsychological outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Few studies have compared global atrophy in SAH with outcome. The authors examined the relationship between global brain atrophy, clinical factors, and outcome after SAH.

Methods
This study was a post hoc exploratory analysis of the Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1) trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 413 patients with aneurysmal SAH. Patients with infarctions or areas of encephalomalacia on CT, and those with large clip/coil artifacts, were excluded. The 97 remaining patients underwent CT at baseline and 6 weeks, which was analyzed using voxel-based volumetric measurements. The percentage difference in volume between time points was compared against clinical variables. The relationship with clinical outcome was modeled using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results
Older age, male sex, and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) during intensive care stay were significantly associated with brain atrophy. Greater brain atrophy was significantly associated with poor outcome on the modified Rankin scale (mRS), severity of deficits on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), worse executive functioning, and lower EuroQol Group–5D (EQ-5D) score. Adjusted for confounders, brain atrophy was not significantly associated with Mini-Mental State Examination and Functional Status Examination scores. Brain atrophy was not associated with angiographic vasospasm or delayed ischemic neurological deficit.

Conclusions
Worse mRS score, NIHSS score, executive functioning, and EQ-5D scores were associated with greater brain atrophy and older age, male sex, and SIRS burden. These data suggest outcome is associated with factors that cause global brain injury independent of focal brain injury.
Prospective validation of a patient-reported nasal quality-of-life tool for endonasal skull base surgery: The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12
Authors: Little Andrew S. , Kelly Daniel , Milligan John , Griffiths Chester , Rosseau Gail , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo , Jahnke Heidi , Chaloner Charlene , O'Leary Judith , Chapple Kristina , Nakaji Peter , White William L. 
Published: May 2013

Object
Patient-reported quality-of-life (QOL) end points are becoming increasingly important health care metrics. To date, no nasal morbidity instrument specifically designed for patients undergoing endonasal skull base surgery has been developed. In this study, the authors describe the development and validation of a site-specific nasal morbidity instrument to assess patient-reported rhinological outcomes following endonasal skull base surgery.

Methods
Eligible patients included those with planned endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for sellar pathology identified in outpatient neurosurgical clinics of 3 skull base centers from October 2011 to July 2012. An initial 23-question pool was developed by subject matter experts, review of the literature, and from the results of a previous validation study to assess for common rhinological complaints. Symptoms were ranked by patients from “No Problem” to “Severe Problem” on a 6-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis, change scores, and importance rank were calculated to define the final instrument consisting of 12 items (The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12, or ASK Nasal-12). Psychometric validation of the final instrument was performed using standard statistical techniques.

Results
One hundred four patients enrolled in the study. All patients completed the preoperative survey and 100 patients (96%) completed the survey 2–4 weeks after surgery. Internal consistency of the final instrument was 0.88. Concurrent validity measures demonstrated a strong correlation between overall nasal functioning and total scores (p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability measures demonstrated a significant intraclass correlation between responses (p < 0.001). Effect size as calculated by standardized response mean suggested a large effect (0.84). Discriminant validity calculations demonstrated that the instrument was able to discriminate between preoperative and postoperative patients (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
This prospective study demonstrates that the ASK Nasal-12 is a validated, site-specific, unidimensional rhinological outcomes tool sensitive to clinical change. It can be used in conjunction with multidimensional QOL instruments to assess patient-reported nasal perceptions in endonasal skull base surgery. This instrument is being used as a primary outcome measure in an ongoing multicenter nasal morbidity study. Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01504399 (ClinicalTrials.gov).