bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early psychosocial intervention does not delay institutionalization in persons with mild Alzheimer disease and has impact on neither disease progression nor caregivers' well‐being: ALSOVA 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Koivisto Anne M. , Hallikainen Ilona , Välimäki Tarja , Hongisto Kristiina , Hiltunen Asta , Karppi Pertti , Sivenius Juhani , Soininen Hilkka , Martikainen Janne 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesEarly diagnosis, initiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy and programs that support care of persons with AD at home are recommended. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of early psychosocial intervention on delaying the institutionalization of persons with AD. We also assessed the influence of intervention on AD progression, behavioral symptoms, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in persons with AD and caregivers.MethodsKuopio ALSOVA study, a prospective, randomized intervention study with a 3‐year follow‐up, was carried out at memory clinics. Home‐dwelling persons with very mild or mild AD (n = 236) and AD‐targeted therapy and their family caregivers (n = 236) were randomized to the intervention or control group (1:2). Psychosocial intervention including education, counseling, and social support was given during the first 2 years (16 days). The primary outcome was the cumulative risk (controlled for death) of institutionalization over 36 months. Secondary outcomes were adjusted mean changes from baseline in disease severity, cognition, daily activities, behavior, and HRQoL for persons with AD; and change in psychological distress, depression, and HRQoL for caregivers.ResultsNo differences were found in nursing home placement after the 36‐month follow‐up between intervention and control groups. No beneficial effects of the intervention were found on the secondary outcomes.ConclusionsThe psychosocial intervention did not delay nursing home placement in persons with AD and had no effect on patient well‐being, disease progression, or AD‐related symptoms or caregiver well‐being. Instead of automatically providing psychosocial intervention courses, individualized support programs may be more effective. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Aminopropenal‐ and Aminopentadienal Rearrangement
Authors: Neuenschwander Markus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractScope and mechanism of the aminopropenal rearrangement are reviewed: Various 3‐acyloxy‐3‐dialkylaminopropenals (2, formed by addition of acids to ‘push‐pull’‐acetylenes 1) rearranged quantitatively to give 3‐acyloxyacrylic amides (3, Schemes 1 and 22). Since these activated enol esters reacted very selectively with amino groups of polyfunctional amino acids, ‘push‐pull’‐acetylenes are versatile peptide reagents.Similarly, 5‐X‐5‐dialkylaminopentadienals (38, formed by addition of acids to ‘push‐pull’‐enynes 37) could be rearranged (aminopentadienal rearrangement). In this case, the rearrangement 38→40→42 (Schemes 16 and 22) normally stopped at the level of the quite stable 2‐dialkylamino‐pyrylium salts 40. Ring opening 40→42 of these intermediates was quite tricky, but could be realized in several cases.
Synthesis of Two Natural Furan‐Cyclized Diarylheptanoids via 2‐Furaldehyde
Authors: Seçinti Hatice , Seçen Hasan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo natural diarylheptanoids, 2‐benzyl‐5‐(2‐phenylethyl)furan (1) and 2‐methoxy‐4‐{[5‐(2‐phenylethyl)furan‐2‐yl]methyl}phenol (2), were synthesized starting from 2‐furaldehyde. A Wittig reaction of 2‐furaldehyde with benzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide followed by reduction of the alkene CC bond with Mg gave 2‐(2‐phenylethyl)furan (5). Lithiation of 5 with BuLi at −78° followed by alkylation with benzyl bromide gave natural product 1. In another approach, FriedelCrafts acylation of compound 5 with benzoyl chloride followed by deoxygenation of the CO group afforded 1. The natural product 2 was also synthesized by acylation of 5 with 4‐acetoxy‐3‐methoxybenzoyl chloride (16) followed by deoxygenation and deacetylation.
Two New Eudesmanolides from the Flowers of Achillea millefolium
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Bao , Ni Zhi‐Yu , Wang Jin , Qing Xia , Yan Hui‐Min , Shi Qing‐Wen , Sauriol Françoise , Gu Yu‐Cheng , Wu Yi‐Bing 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo new eudesmanolides, 3β‐acetoxy‐1β,4α‐dihydroxy‐11αH‐eudesman‐12,6α‐olide (1) and 3β‐acetoxy‐1β‐hydroxy‐11αH‐eudesman‐4(15)‐en‐12,6α‐olide (2), were isolated from the flowers of Achillea millefolium, their structures were established on the basis of spectral analysis.
Diterpene Glycosides from the Dry Fronds of Conyza japonica
Authors: Hu Jiang , Song Yan , Li Hui , Mao Xia , Shi Xiaodong , Liu Zhiming 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPhytochemical investigation of the 95% EtOH extract of the dry fronds of Conyza japonica (Thunb.) Less. resulted in the isolation of three new labdane diterpene glycosides, (3β,13S)‐13‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyllabda‐8(17),14‐dien‐3‐yl α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (1), (3β,13S)‐13‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyllabda‐8(17),14‐diene‐3‐yl 2‐O‐acetyl‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (2), and (3β,13S)‐13‐O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosylabda‐8(17),14‐dien‐3‐yl 6‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside (3), together with their aglycone, (13S)‐labda‐8(17),14‐diene‐3,13‐diol (4). Their structures were characterized by spectroscopic analyses and chemical correlations, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS. Furthermore, compounds 1–3 appeared to be promising as active agents against the tested pathogen fungi and oral pathogens as they possessed moderate cytotoxic properties.
Two New Sesquiterpenes from the Resin of Toxicodendron vernicifluum
Authors: He Jiang‐Bo , Lu Qing , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the resin of Toxicodendron vernicifluum resulted in the isolation of two new sesquiterpenoids, toxicodenanes D (1), endowed with a new carbon skeleton, and E (2), along with six known sesquiterpenoids (Fig. 1). Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and mass spectrometry.
An Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Natural Gingerols, the Active Principles of Ginger
Authors: Ramesh Reddy A. , Wadavrao Sachin B. , Yadav J. S. , Venkat Narsaiah A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA straightforward synthesis of (S)‐gingerols 1–3 has been described. The requisite stereogenic center in the target molecules was introduced by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation using a chiral complex, AD‐mix β. This route is simple and efficient to prepare the products in very good yields.
Novel 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydroquinazolinones via Reaction of 2‐Amino‐N‐substituted Benzamides and Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate
Authors: Nahavandian Semiramis , Allameh Sadegh , Saeedi Mina , Ansari Shirin , Mahdavi Mohammad , Foroumadi Alireza , Shafiee Abbas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReaction of 2‐amino‐N‐substituted benzamides and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in H2O at room temperature led to the formation of novel 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinazolinones.
A rescue act: Translesion DNA synthesis past N2‐deoxyguanosine adducts
Authors: Nair Deepak T. , Kottur Jithesh , Sharma Rahul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGenomic DNA is continually subjected to a number of chemical insults that result in the formation of modified nucleotides—termed as DNA lesions. The N2‐atom of deoxyguanosine is particularly reactive and a number of chemicals react at this site to form different kinds of DNA adducts. The N2‐deoxyguanosine adducts perturb different genomic processes and are particularly deleterious for DNA replication as they have a strong tendency to inhibit replicative DNA polymerases. Many organisms possess specialized dPols—generally classified in the Y‐family—that serves to rescue replication stalled at N2‐dG and other adducts. A review of minor groove N2‐adducts and the known strategies utilized by Y‐family dPols to replicate past these lesions will be presented here. © 2015 IUBMB Life, 67(7):564–574, 2015
Error Correction Testing in Panels with Common Stochastic Trends
Authors: Gengenbach Christian , Urbain Jean‐Pierre , Westerlund Joakim 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper develops panel data tests for the null hypothesis of no error correction in a model with common stochastic trends. The asymptotic distributions of the new test statistics are derived and simulation results are provided to suggest that they perform well in small samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Replication of unconditional Quantile Regressions by Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (2009)
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. , Ghosh Pallab Kumar 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThis paper is a narrow replication of Firpo, Fortin and Lemieux (Unconditional quantile regressions. Econometrica 2009; 77(3): 953–973), who propose a new estimation method, called ‘unconditional quantile regressions’. Using their empirical example, we confirm their results for the effects of unionization on US wage inequality during the period 1983–1985 for both conditional and unconditional quantile regressions. In addition, this paper applies the proposed estimation method to another paper by Autor, Katz and Kearney (Trends in US wage inequality: revising the revisionists. Review of Economics and Statistics 2008; 90(2): 300–323). The latter paper looks at measures of wage inequality in the US labor market data over the period 1963–2005. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The comparative toxicity of a reduced, crude comfrey (Symphytum officinale) alkaloid extract and the pure, comfrey‐derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids, lycopsamine and intermedine in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Brown Ammon W. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , Colegate Steven M. , Gardner Dale R. , Panter Kip E. , Knoppel Edward L. , Hall Jeffery O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractComfrey (Symphytum officinale), a commonly used herb, contains dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids that, as a group of bioactive metabolites, are potentially hepatotoxic, pneumotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic. Consequently, regulatory agencies and international health organizations have recommended comfrey be used for external use only. However, in many locations comfrey continues to be ingested as a tisane or as a leafy vegetable. The objective of this work was to compare the toxicity of a crude, reduced comfrey alkaloid extract to purified lycopsamine and intermedine that are major constituents of S. officinale. Male, California White chicks were orally exposed to daily doses of 0.04, 0.13, 0.26, 0.52 and 1.04 mmol lycopsamine, intermedine or reduced comfrey extract per kg bodyweight (BW) for 10 days. After another 7 days chicks were euthanized. Based on clinical signs of poisoning, serum biochemistry, and histopathological analysis the reduced comfrey extract was more toxic than lycopsamine and intermedine. This work suggests a greater than additive effect of the individual alkaloids and/or a more potent toxicity of the acetylated derivatives in the reduced comfrey extract. It also suggests that safety recommendations based on purified compounds may underestimate the potential toxicity of comfrey. Published 2015. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Biodegradation, biocompatibility, and osteoconduction evaluation of collagen‐nanohydroxyapatite cryogels for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Salgado Christiane Laranjo , Grenho Liliana , Fernandes Maria Helena , Colaço Bruno Jorge , Monteiro Fernando Jorge 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDesigning biomimetic biomaterials inspired by the natural complex structure of bone and other hard tissues is still a challenge nowadays. The control of the biomineralization process onto biomaterials should be evaluated before clinical application. Aiming at bone regeneration applications, this work evaluated thein vitrobiodegradation and interaction between human bone marrow stromal cells (HBMSC) cultured on different collagen/nanohydroxyapatite cryogels. Cell proliferation, differentiation, morphology, and metabolic activity were assessed through different protocols. All the biocomposite materials allowed physiologic apatite deposition after incubation in simulated body fluid and the cryogel with the highest nanoHA content showed to have the highest mechanical strength (DMA). The study clearly showed that the highest concentration of nanoHA granules on the cryogels were able to support cell type's survival, proliferation, and individual functionality in a monoculture system, for 21 days. In fact, the biocomposites were also able to differentiate HBMSCs into osteoblastic phenotype. The composites behavior was also assessedin vivothrough subcutaneous and bone implantation in rats to evaluate its tissue‐forming ability and degradation rate. The cryogels Coll/nanoHA (30 : 70) promoted tissue regeneration and adverse reactions were not observed on subcutaneous and bone implants. The results achieved suggest that scaffolds of Coll/nanoHA (30 : 70) should be considered promising implants for bone defects that present a grotto like appearance with a relatively small access but a wider hollow inside. This material could adjust to small dimensions and when entering into the defect, it could expand inside and remain in close contact with the defect walls, thus ensuring adequate osteoconductivity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 57–70, 2016.
Neonatal High Bone Mass With First Mutation of the NF-κB Complex: Heterozygous De Novo Missense (p.Asp512Ser) RELA (Rela/p65)
Authors: Frederiksen Anja L , Larsen Martin J , Brusgaard Klaus , Novack Deborah V , Knudsen Peter Juel Thiis , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Qiu Weimin , Eckhardt Christina , McAlister William H , Kassem Moustapha , Mumm Steven , Frost Morten , Whyte Michael P 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Heritable disorders that feature high bone mass (HBM) are rare. The etiology is typically a mutation(s) within a gene that regulates the differentiation and function of osteoblasts (OBs) or osteoclasts (OCs). Nevertheless, the molecular basis is unknown for approximately one-fifth of such entities. NF-κB signaling is a key regulator of bone remodeling and acts by enhancing OC survival while impairing OB maturation and function. The NF-κB transcription complex comprises five subunits. In mice, deletion of the p50 and p52 subunits together causes osteopetrosis (OPT). In humans, however, mutations within the genes that encode the NF-κB complex, including the Rela/p65 subunit, have not been reported. We describe a neonate who died suddenly and unexpectedly and was found at postmortem to have HBM documented radiographically and by skeletal histopathology. Serum was not available for study. Radiographic changes resembled malignant OPT, but histopathological investigation showed morphologically normal OCs and evidence of intact bone resorption excluding OPT. Furthermore, mutation analysis was negative for eight genes associated with OPT or HBM. Instead, accelerated bone formation appeared to account for the HBM. Subsequently, trio-based whole exome sequencing revealed a heterozygous de novo missense mutation (c.1534_1535delinsAG, p.Asp512Ser) in exon 11 of RELA encoding Rela/p65. The mutation was then verified using bidirectional Sanger sequencing. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of patient fibroblasts elicited impaired NF-κB responses compared with healthy control fibroblasts. Five unrelated patients with unexplained HBM did not show a RELA defect. Ours is apparently the first report of a mutation within the NF-κB complex in humans. The missense change is associated with neonatal osteosclerosis from in utero increased OB function rather than failed OC action. These findings demonstrate the importance of the Rela/p65 subunit within the NF-κB pathway for human skeletal homeostasis and represent a new genetic cause of HBM. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Inhibition of Notch Signaling During Mouse Incisor Renewal Leads to Enamel Defects
Authors: Jheon Andrew H , Prochazkova Michaela , Meng Bo , Wen Timothy , Lim Young-Jun , Naveau Adrien , Espinoza Ruben , Cox Timothy C , Sone Eli D , Ganss Bernhard , Siebel Christian W , Klein Ophir D 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

The continuously growing rodent incisor is an emerging model for the study of renewal of mineralized tissues by adult stem cells. Although the Bmp, Fgf, Shh, and Wnt pathways have been studied in this organ previously, relatively little is known about the role of Notch signaling during incisor renewal. Notch signaling components are expressed in enamel-forming ameloblasts and the underlying stratum intermedium (SI), which suggested distinct roles in incisor renewal and enamel mineralization. Here, we injected adult mice with inhibitory antibodies against several components of the Notch pathway. This blockade led to defects in the interaction between ameloblasts and the SI cells, which ultimately affected enamel formation. Furthermore, Notch signaling inhibition led to the downregulation of desmosome-specific proteins such as PERP and desmoplakin, consistent with the importance of desmosomes in the integrity of ameloblast-SI attachment and enamel formation. Together, our data demonstrate that Notch signaling is critical for proper enamel formation during incisor renewal, in part by regulating desmosome-specific components, and that the mouse incisor provides a model system to dissect Jag-Notch signaling mechanisms in the context of mineralized tissue renewal. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Effect of food or proton pump inhibitor treatment on the bioavailability of dacomitinib in healthy volunteers
Authors: Ruiz‐Garcia Ana , Masters Joanna C. , Mendes da Costa Laure , LaBadie Robert R. , Liang Yali , Ni Grace , Ellery Craig A. , Boutros Tanya , Goldberg Zelanna , Bello Carlo L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis phase 1, open‐label crossover study evaluated the relative bioavailability of dacomitinib in healthy volunteers under fed and fasted conditions and following coadministration with rabeprazole, a potent acid‐reducing proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Twenty‐four male subjects received a single dacomitinib 45‐mg dose under 3 different conditions separated by washout periods of ≥16 days: coadministered with rabeprazole 40 mg under fasting conditions; alone under fasting conditions; and alone after a high‐fat, high‐calorie meal. Increased peak exposure of 23.7% (90% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%–45.2%) was detected with dacomitinib taken after food versus fasting. The adjusted geometric mean ratio (fed/fasted) for area under the plasma concentration−time curve from time zero to infinity (AUCinf) was 114.2% (90%CI, 104.7%–124.5%) and not considered clinically meaningful. In the fasted state, a decrease in dacomitinib AUCinf was observed following rabeprazole versus dacomitinib alone (PPI+fasted/fasted alone): 71.1% (90%CI, 61.7%–81.8%). Dacomitinib was generally well tolerated. Dacomitinib may be taken with or without food. Use of long‐acting acid‐reducing agents, such as PPIs with dacomitinib should be avoided if possible. Shorter‐acting agents such as antacids and H2‐receptor antagonists may have lesser impact on dacomitinib exposure and may be preferable to PPIs if acid reduction is clinically required.
Spherical activated carbon modified by polymerized ionic liquid for the removal of ibuprofen from water
Authors: Xu Xiao , An Xiaoning 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe adsorption capacity of activated carbon has been found to improve through modification with ionic liquids. However, ionic liquids tend to separate from the activated carbon when exposed to water even for a relatively short period.RESULTSCharacterization of spherical activated carbon (SAC) modified with poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) (PIL) showed that 1‐vinyl‐3‐butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (IL) was adsorbed and polymerized on SAC. Stability studies of PIL‐SAC in water demonstrated that it was more stable against IL desorption in water than the non‐polymerized IL‐SAC. The adsorption data showed that the modification improved the adsorption capacity of SAC at least 2‐fold. The results also indicated that although the pH and ionic strength of the solution played a significant role in the adsorption process, there was no significant influence on the adsorption capacity. Moreover, PIL‐SAC could be reused at least five times with only minor losses in its adsorption capacity.CONCLUSIONThe activated carbon modified with PIL produces a remarkable increase in the ibuprofen adsorption capacity and strongly decreases undesirable desorption of ionic liquids. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring laccase and mediators behavior during saccharification and fermentation of steam‐exploded wheat straw for bioethanol production
Authors: Moreno Antonio D , Ibarra David , Alvira Pablo , Tomás‐Pejó Elia , Ballesteros Mercedes 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDLaccases represent a very powerful tool to improve biorefining processes from lignocellulosic feedstocks. These enzymes are being investigated not only for potential use as pretreatment agents in bioethanol production, mainly as a delignifying agent, but also as a biotechnological tool for removal of inhibitors (mainly phenols) of subsequent fermentation processes.RESULTSIn this work, the treatment of the water insoluble solids (WIS) fraction from steam‐exploded wheat straw with Pycnoporus cinnabarinus laccase and different laccase‐mediator systems (LMS) did not decrease the lignin content, resulting in lower glucose recoveries during the subsequent saccharification. In combination with an alkaline extraction, the treatment with laccase/LMS produced no synergistic effect enhancing the delignification or saccharification of WIS. In contrast, laccase reduced the soluble phenols (95% of the total phenols identified) of the whole slurry from steam‐exploded wheat straw, improving the yeast performance during the fermentation and enhancing the ethanol yields.CONCLUSIONSThe efficiency of P. cinnabarinus laccase with or without mediators as a delignifying agent on steam‐exploded wheat straw for bioethanol production was not observed, whereas its detoxification ability was shown. Thus, new laccases or designing laccases with ability to delignify and detoxify simultaneously needs to be explored in order to produce major ethanol global yields. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry