bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating an educationally minded schedule: one approach to minimize the impact of duty hour standards on intern continuity clinic experience
Authors: DeBlasio Dominick , Kerrey M. Kathleen , Sucharew Heidi , Klein Melissa 
Published: May 2014

To determine if implementing an educationally minded schedule utilizing consecutive night shifts can moderate the impact of the 2011 duty hour standards on education and patient continuity of care in longitudinal primary care experience (continuity clinic). A 14-month pre–post study was performed in continuity clinic with one supervising physician group and two intern groups. Surveys to assess attitudes and education were distributed to the supervising physicians and interns before and after the changes in duty hour standards. Intern groups’ schedules were reviewed for the number of regular and alternative day clinic (i.e. primary care experience on a different weekday) sessions and patient continuity of care. Fifteen supervising physicians and 51 interns participated (25 in 2011, 26 in 2012). Intern groups’ comfort when discussing patient issues, educational needs and teamwork perception did not differ. Supervising physicians’ understanding of learning needs and provision of feedback did not differ between groups. Supervising physicians indicated a greater ability to provide feedback and understand learning needs during regular continuity clinic sessions compared with alternative day clinics (all p < 0.05). No significant difference was detected between intern groups in the number of regularly scheduled continuity clinics, alternative day clinics or patient continuity of care. The 2011 duty hour standards required significant alterations to intern schedules, but educationally minded scheduling limited impact on education and patient continuity in care.
Fronto-limbic disconnection in bipolar disorder
Authors: Radaelli D. , Sferrazza Papa G. , Vai B. , Poletti S. , Smeraldi E. , Colombo C. , Benedetti F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground:Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, disabling and life-threatening illness. Disturbances in emotion and affective processing are core features of the disorder with affective instability being paralleled by mood-congruent biases in information processing that influence evaluative processes and social judgment. Several lines of evidence, coming from neuropsychological and imaging studies, suggest that disrupted neural connectivity could play a role in the mechanistic explanation of these cognitive and emotional symptoms. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effective connectivity in a sample of bipolar patients.Methods:Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) technique was used to study 52 inpatients affected by bipolar disorders consecutively admitted to San Raffaele hospital in Milano and forty healthy subjects. A face-matching task was used as activation paradigm.Results:Patients with BD showed a significantly reduced endogenous connectivity in the DLPFC to Amy connection. There was no significant group effect upon the endogenous connection from Amy to ACC, from ACC to Amy and from DLPFC to ACC.Conclusions:Both DLPFC and ACC are part of a network implicated in emotion regulation and share strong reciprocal connections with the amygdale. The pattern of abnormal or reduced connectivity between DLPFC and amygdala may reflect abnormal modulation of mood and emotion typical of bipolar patients.
The SATISPSY-22: Development and validation of a French hospitalized patients’ satisfaction questionnaire in psychiatry
Authors: Zendjidjian X.Y. , Auquier P. , Lançon C. , Loundou A. , Parola N. , Faugère M. , Boyer L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:The aim of our study was to develop a specific French self-administered instrument for measuring hospitalized patients’ satisfaction in psychiatry based on exclusive patient point of view: the SATISPSY-22.Methods:The development of the SATISPSY was undertaken in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The content of the SATISPSY was derived from 80 interviews with patients hospitalized in psychiatry. Using item response and classical test theories, item reduction was performed in 2 hospitals on 270 responders. The validation was based on construct validity, reliability, and some aspects of external validity.Results:The SATISPSY contains 22 items describing 6 dimensions (staff, quality of care, personal experience, information, activity, and food). The six-factor structure accounted for 78.0% of the total variance. Each item achieved the 0.40 standard for item-internal consistency, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficients were > 0.70. Scores of dimensions were strongly positively correlated with Visual Analogue Scale scores. Significant associations with socioeconomic and clinical indicators showed good discriminant and external validity. INFIT statistics were ranged from 0.71 to 1.25.Conclusions:The SATISPSY-22 presents satisfactory psychometric properties, enabling patient feedback to be incorporated in a continuous quality health care improvement strategy.
Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research
Authors: Berger Jonah 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPeople often share opinions and information with their social ties, and word of mouth has an important impact on consumer behavior. But what drives interpersonal communication and why do people talk about certain things rather than others? This article argues that word of mouth is goal driven and serves five key functions (i.e., impression management, emotion regulation, information acquisition, social bonding, and persuasion). Importantly, I suggest these motivations are predominantly self‐ (rather than other) serving and drive what people talk about even without their awareness. Further, these drivers make predictions about the types of news and information people are most likely to discuss. This article reviews the five proposed functions and well as how contextual factors (i.e., audience and communication channel) may moderate which functions play a larger role. Taken together, the paper provides insight into the psychological factors that shape word of mouth and outlines additional questions that deserve further study.
STATE-DEPENDENT FEES FOR VARIABLE ANNUITY GUARANTEES
Authors: Bernard Carole , Hardy Mary , Mackay Anne 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFor variable annuity policies, management fees for the most basic guarantees are charged at a constant rate throughout the term of the policy. This creates a misalignment of risk and income – the fee income is low when the option value is high, and vice versa. In turn, this may create adverse incentives for policyholders, for example, encouraging surrenders when the options are far out-of-the-money.In this paper, we explore a new fee structure for variable annuities, where the fee rate supporting the cost of guarantees depends on the moneyness of those guarantees. We derive formulas for calculating the fee rates assuming fees are paid only when the guarantees are in-the-money, or are close to being in-the-money, and we illustrate with some numerical examples. We investigate the effect of this new fee structure on the surrender decision.
Prevalence rates and risk factors for mental health difficulties in adolescents aged 16 and 17 years living in rural Ireland
Authors: Martyn D. , Andrews L. , Byrne M. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveThis study sought to ascertain the prevalence rates and risk factors for a range of mental health difficulties, including suicidal ideation/self-harm among 16 and 17-year-old rural Irish adolescents, a vulnerable group in transition from childhood to adulthood.MethodAdolescents (n=237) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a questionnaire compendium consisting of generic questions on demographic information, use of mental health services and four normed questionnaires: The Youth Self-Report, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations-Adolescent and The Family Assessment Device.ResultsWe found that 16.9% of adolescents reported clinically significant mental health difficulties. Significant gender differences were found on internalising and externalising difficulties. There were no gender differences in suicidal ideation or self-harm. Only 3.4% of adolescents were receiving professional help for mental health difficulties. Multiple regression analyses revealed that family dysfunction, emotion-focussed coping and poor academic competence were significant predictors of poorer mental health difficulties in both genders. Family dysfunction was the strongest predictor of mental health difficulties in males. Among females, emotion-focussed coping was the strongest predictor of internalising difficulties and depression. Social diversion (social support) was predictive of less internalising difficulties and depression for females.ConclusionThe study shows that a significant number of Irish 16 and 17 year olds have mental health difficulties, yet very few are receiving treatment. Emotion-focussed coping, family dysfunction, poor academic competence and less social support were important predictors of mental health difficulties. A new finding is the stronger association that family dysfunction has with poorer mental health in males than females, when controlling for academic competence and coping skills. The findings may have implications for psychological interventions.
First instability and structural sensitivity of the flow past two side-by-side cylinders
Authors: Carini M. , Giannetti F. , Auteri F. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe onset of two-dimensional instabilities in the flow past two side-by-side circular cylinders is numerically investigated in the ranges $0.1\leq g\leq 3$ and $\mathit{Re}<100$, with $g$ being the non-dimensional gap spacing between the surfaces of the two cylinders and $\mathit{Re}$ the Reynolds number. A comprehensive, global stability analysis of the symmetric base flow is carried out, indicating that three harmonic modes and one steady antisymmetric mode become unstable at different values of $g$ and $\mathit{Re}$. These modes are known to promote distinct flow regimes at increasing values of $g$: single bluff-body, asymmetric, in-phase and antiphase synchronized vortex shedding. For each mode, the inherent structural sensitivity is examined in order to identify the core region of the related instability mechanism. In addition, by exploiting the structural sensitivity analysis to base flow modifications, a passive control strategy is proposed for the simultaneous suppression of the two synchronized shedding modes using two small secondary cylinders. Its effectiveness is then validated a posteriori by means of direct numerical simulations.
Laboratory experiments on counter-propagating collisions of solitary waves. Part 1. Wave interactions
Authors: Chen Yongshuai , Yeh Harry 
Published: May 2014

AbstractCollisions of counter-propagating solitary waves are investigated experimentally. Precision measurements of water-surface profiles are made with the use of the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) technique. During the collision, the maximum wave amplitude exceeds that calculated by the superposition of the incident solitary waves, and agrees well with both the asymptotic prediction of Su & Mirie (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 98, 1980, pp. 509–525) and the numerical simulation of Craig et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 18, 2006, 057106). The collision causes attenuation in wave amplitude: the larger the wave, the greater the relative reduction in amplitude. The collision also leaves imprints on the interacting waves with phase shifts and small dispersive trailing waves. Maxworthy’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 76, 1976, pp. 177–185) experimental results show that the phase shift is independent of incident wave amplitude. On the contrary, our laboratory results exhibit the dependence of wave amplitude that is in support of Su & Mirie’s theory. Though the dispersive trailing waves are very small and transient, the measured amplitude and wavelength are in good agreement with Su & Mirie’s theory. Furthermore, we investigate the symmetric head-on collision of the highest waves possible in our laboratory. Our laboratory results show that the runup and rundown of the collision are not simple reversible processes. The rundown motion causes penetration of the water surface below the still-water level. This penetration causes the post-collision waveform to be asymmetric, with each departing wave tilting slightly backward with respect to the direction of its propagation; the penetration is also the origin of the secondary dispersive trailing wavetrain. The present work extends the studies of head-on collisions to oblique collisions. The theory of Su & Mirie, which was developed only for head-on collisions, predicts well in oblique collision cases, which suggests that the obliqueness of the collision may not be important for this ‘weak’ interaction process.
A NOTE ON SPACES WITH A RANK 3-DIAGONAL
Authors: XUAN WEI-FENG , SHI WEI-XUE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe prove that if $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}X$ is a space satisfying the discrete countable chain condition with a rank 3-diagonal then the cardinality of $X$ is at most $\mathfrak{c}$.
Improving the inference of population genetic structure in the presence of related individuals
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-RAMILO SILVIA T. , TORO MIGUEL A. , WANG JINLIANG , FERNÁNDEZ JESÚS 
Published: May 2014

SummaryIt is well known that the presence of related individuals can affect the inference of population genetic structure from molecular data. This has been verified, for example, on the unsupervised Bayesian clustering algorithm implemented in the software STRUCTURE. This methodology assumes, among others, Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium within subpopulations. The existence of groups of close relatives, such as full-sib families, may prevent these assumptions to be fulfilled, causing the algorithm to work suboptimally. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of related individuals on a different methodology (implemented in CLUSTER_DIST) for population genetic structure inference. This approach arranges individuals to maximize the genetic distance between groups and does not make Hardy–Weinberg and linkage equilibrium assumptions. We study the robustness of this approach to the presence of close relatives in a sample using simulated scenarios involving combinations of several factors, including the number of subpopulations, the level of differentiation between them, the number, size and type (full or half-sibs) of families in a sample, and the type and number of molecular markers available for clustering analysis. Results indicate that the methodology that maximizes the genetic distance between subpopulations is less influenced by the presence of related individuals than the program STRUCTURE. Therefore, the former can be used, in combination with the program STRUCTURE, to analyse population genetic structure when related individuals are suspected to be present in a sample.
Design and fuzzy control of a robotic gripper for efficient strawberry harvesting
Authors: Dimeas Fotios , Sako Dhionis V. , Moulianitis Vassilis C. , Aspragathos Nikos A. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYStrawberry is a very delicate fruit that requires special treatment during harvesting. A hierarchical control scheme is proposed based on a fuzzy controller for the force regulation of the gripper and proper grasping criteria, that can detect misplaced strawberries on the gripper or uneven distribution of forces. The design of the gripper and the controller are based on conducted experiments to measure the maximum gripping force and the required detachment force under a variety of detachment techniques. It is demonstrated that the hand motion for detaching the fruit from the stem has a significant role in the process because it can reduce the required force. By analysing those results a robotic gripper with pressure profile sensors is developed that demonstrates an efficiency comparable to the human hand for strawberry grasping. The designed gripper and fuzzy controller performance is tested with a considerable number of fresh fruits to demonstrate the effectiveness to the uncertainties of strawberry grasping.
Friendship Quality and Psychosocial Outcomes among Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Heverly-Fitt Sara , Wimsatt Maureen A. , Menzer Melissa M. , Rubin Kenneth H. , Dennis Maureen , Taylor H. Gerry , Stancin Terry , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Bigler Erin D. , Yeates Keith Owen 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study examined differences in friendship quality between children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and orthopedic injury (OI) and behavioral outcomes for children from both groups. Participants were 41 children with TBI and 43 children with OI (Mage=10.4). Data were collected using peer- and teacher-reported measures of participants’ social adjustment and parent-reported measures of children’s post-injury behaviors. Participants and their mutually nominated best friends also completed a measure of the quality of their friendships. Children with TBI reported significantly more support and satisfaction in their friendships than children with OI. Children with TBI and their mutual best friend were more similar in their reports of friendship quality compared to children with OI and their mutual best friends. Additionally, for children with TBI who were rejected by peers, friendship support buffered against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and predicted skills related to social competence. Friendship satisfaction was related to higher teacher ratings of social skills for the TBI group only. Positive and supportive friendships play an important role for children with TBI, especially for those not accepted by peers. Such friendships may protect children with TBI who are rejected against maladaptive psychosocial outcomes, and promote skills related to social competence. (JINS, 2014,21, 1–10)
Mediterranean diet and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction: a case–control study from Italy
Authors: Turati Federica , Pelucchi Claudio , Galeone Carlotta , Praud Delphine , Tavani Alessandra , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo add epidemiological data on the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Southern European population.DesignHospital-based case–control study. Conformity to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a score (i.e. the Mediterranean diet score, MDS) based on nine dietary components (high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruit and nuts, cereals, and fish and seafood; high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated lipids; low consumption of dairy and meat; and moderate alcohol consumption). The score ranged between 0 (lowest adherence) and 9 (highest adherence). The association of the MDS, or its components, with the risk of AMI was evaluated through multiple logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounding variables.SettingThe study was conducted in the greater Milan area (Italy) between 1995 and 2003.SubjectsSeven hundred and sixty patients with a first episode of non-fatal AMI and 682 controls.ResultsHigh consumption of vegetables and legumes were inversely associated with non-fatal AMI risk. As compared with MDS<4, the OR of non-fatal AMI were 0·85 (95 % CI 0·65, 1·12) for MDS of 4–5 and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·40, 0·75) for MDS≥6, with a trend in risk (P<0·01). Results were consistent in strata of selected risk factors and an apparently stronger association emerged for individuals with a lower BMI.ConclusionsThe Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the risk of non-fatal AMI in this Southern European population.
Bonus–Malus systems with Weibull distributed claim severities
Authors: Ni Weihong , Constantinescu Corina , Pantelous Athanasios A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOne of the pricing strategies for Bonus–Malus (BM) systems relies on the decomposition of the claims’ randomness into one part accounting for claims’ frequency and the other part for claims’ severity. By mixing an exponential with a Lévy distribution, we focus on modelling the claim severity component as a Weibull distribution. For a Negative Binomial number of claims, we employ the Bayesian approach to derive the BM premiums for Weibull severities. We then conclude by comparing our explicit formulas and numerical results with those for Pareto severities that were introduced by Frangos & Vrontos.
Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations and Russian Environmental Governance: Accountability, Participation and Collaboration
Authors: Sofronova Ekaterina , Holley Cameron , Nagarajan Vijaya 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis article examines the role of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Russia and the impact of tightening governmental accountability measures. Drawing on 18 interviews conducted in 2012–13 with Russian and international ENGOs, the article examines three key governance issues, namely: the collaborative relationship between the state and ENGOs, the impact of accountability measures on ENGO activities, and the relationships between ENGOs themselves. The findings reveal that ENGOs maintain a legitimate and effective role within Russian environmental governance. However, their legitimacy and success is significantly limited and threatened by increasing accountability measures and state actions. The article accordingly identifies a number of recommendations for increasing the likelihood of successful ENGO action in Russian environmental governance, including improving ENGO collaboration with the state and resolving tensions between participation and accountability.
Hemodynamic Response in a Geographical Word Naming Verbal Fluency Test
Authors: Marino Julian , Redondo Santiago , Luna Fernando G. , Sanchez Luis M. , Torres Gustavo Foa 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFunctional hemodynamic response was studied in a new Verbal Fluency Task (VFT) that demanded the production of geographical words while fMRI data was obtained. Participants completed 7 trials with a total duration of 2 min. 20 s. Four simple arithmetic subtraction trials were alternated with 3 geographical naming trials. Each trial had a duration of 20 s. Brain activity was contrasted between both conditions and significant differences (p < .05, Family Wise Error correction) were observed in the prefrontal medial gyrus, typically associated with word retrieval and phonological awareness, and in the parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex and lingual gyrus, areas related to spatial cognition. These results indicate that geographic VFT could be incorporated into a browser of cognitive processes using VFT considering its specific relationship with spatial cognition. Further investigations are proposed, taking special interest in the gender variable and eliminating phonological restrictions, because the evoked Argentinean cities and towns ended in a consonant letter.
Models of the human microbiota and microbiome in vitro.
Authors: Marzorati M. , Abbeele P. van den , Grootaert C. , Weirdt R. de , Carcavilla A. M. , Vermeiren J. , Wiele T. van de 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

This chapter describes in vitro models of the gastrointestinal tract currently used in static and dynamic simulation studies of host-microbial interactions in the digestive tract.