bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV16 genotype, p16/Ki‐67 dual staining and koilocytic morphology as potential predictors of the clinical outcome for cervical low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Vrdoljak‐Mozetič D. , Krašević M. , Verša Ostojić D. , Štemberger‐Papić S. , Rubeša‐Mihaljević R. , Bubonja‐Šonje M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and non‐16 genotype, p16/Ki‐67 dual staining and koilocytosis and their role in the prediction of the clinical outcome of low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology.MethodsOne hundred and fifty‐five patients with LSIL were followed up and recorded as progression, persistence or regression. HPV genotyping was performed for high‐risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA‐positive cases. Koilocytosis was reviewed and p16/Ki‐67 dual staining was performed on reprocessed conventional cytology slides.ResultsHPV16 was the most frequent genotype found in 16.3% of cases. p16/Ki‐67 dual staining was positive in 36.1% of all cases. Progression, including concurrent cervical intraepithelial lesion grade 2 or above (CIN2+), was recorded in 13.8% of cases. A statistically significant difference between progressive and non‐progressive cases was shown by the following: hrHPV‐positive versus hrHPV‐negative (P = 0.022), HPV16‐positive versus non‐16 HPV‐positive (P < 0.001) and p16/Ki‐67‐positive versus p16/Ki‐67‐negative (P < 0.001) cases. Cases with combined HPV16 and p16/Ki‐67 positivity showed the highest progression rate (58.3%). Non‐koilocytic HPV16‐positive cases showed a 50% progression rate compared with 10.1% for koilocytic non‐16 HPV‐positive cases (P = 0.010). The sensitivity of p16/Ki‐67 dual staining for the detection of CIN2+ lesions was 80%, comparable with hrHPV (85%). The specificity of p16/Ki‐67 dual staining was 71% and of hrHPV 42%. The highest specificity was found for HPV16 genotype presence (91%), but with low sensitivity (50%).ConclusionHPV genotyping, p16/Ki‐67 dual staining and koilocytic morphology can be useful in the prediction of clinical outcome in women initially diagnosed with LSIL cytology.
Violence‐related injury and gender: The role of alcohol and alcohol combined with illicit drugs
Authors: Korcha Rachael A. , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Witbrodt Jane , Borges Guilherme , Hejazi‐Bazargan Shahrzad , Bond Jason C. , Ye Yu , Gmel Gerhard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe positive relationship between alcohol use, gender and violence‐related injury is well established. However, less is known about injuries when alcohol is used in combination with other drugs.Design and MethodsSelf‐report information was collected on alcohol and illicit drug use in the 6 h before a violence‐related injury in probability samples of patients presenting to emergency departments (n = 9686).ResultsPatients with violence‐related injuries reported the highest rates of alcohol use (49% of men; 23% of women) and alcohol use combined with illicit drugs (8% of men; 4% of women) whereas non‐violent injury patients reported lower rates of alcohol use (17% of men; 8% of women) and alcohol use combined with drugs (2% for men; 1% for women). Marijuana/hashish was the most commonly reported drug. The odds of a violent injury were increased when alcohol was used [men: odds ratio (OR) = 5.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.3; women: OR = 4.0, 95% CI 3.0–5.5] or when alcohol was combined with illicit drug use before the injury (men: OR = 6.6, 95% CI 4.7–9.3; women: OR = 5.7, 95% CI = 2.7–12.2) compared with non‐users. No significant change in the odds of a violent injury was observed for men or women when alcohol users were compared with alcohol and drug users.Discussion and ConclusionsThe positive association between alcohol and violent injury does not appear to be altered by the added use of drugs. Additional work is needed to understand the interpersonal, contextual and cultural factors related to substance use to identify best prevention practices and develop appropriate policies. [Korcha RA, Cherpitel CJ, Witbrodt J, Borges G, Hejazi‐Bazargan S, Bond JC, Ye Y, Gmel G. Violence‐related injury and gender: The role of alcohol and alcohol combined with illicit drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014;33:43–50]
Bank Corporate Governance, Beyond the Global Banking Crisis
Authors: Dermine Jean 
Published: November 2013

Following up on the publication of the Walker Report () in the United Kingdom, international organizations such as the Basel Committee (), the OECD (), and the European Union () have proposed guidelines to improve bank corporate governance and, more specifically, risk governance. These international reports vary widely on what the prime objective of bank corporate governance should be, with one group recommending a shareholder‐based approach, and the other a stakeholder‐based one. Moreover, the focus of these reports is exclusively on risk avoidance, with little guidance as to how an acceptable level of risk should be defined. Drawing on insights from economics and finance, this paper is intended to contribute to the debate on bank corporate governance.Our four main conclusions are as follows. Firstly, the debate on bank governance should concern not only the boards but also the governance of banking supervision with clearly identified accountability principles. Secondly, since biases for short‐term profit maximization are numerous in banking, boards of banks should focus on long‐term value creation. Thirdly, board members and banking supervisors should pay special attention to cognitive biases in risk identification and measurement. Fourthly, a value‐based approach to risk taking must take into account the probability of stress scenarios and the associated costs of financial distress. Mitigation of these costs should be addressed explicitly in the design of bank strategy.
Predicting the ecological impacts of a new freshwater invader: functional responses and prey selectivity of the ‘killer shrimp’,Dikerogammarus villosus, compared to the nativeGammarus pulex
Authors: Dodd Jennifer A. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Alexander Mhairi E. , MacNeil Calum , Dunn Alison M. , Aldridge David C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe ability to predict the likely ecological impacts of invasive species in fresh waters is a pressing research requirement. Whilst comparisons of species traits and considerations of invasion history have some efficacy in this respect, we require robust methods that can compare the effects of native and invasive species. Here, we utilise comparative functional responses and prey selectivity experiments to understand and predict the ecological impact of an invader as compared to a native.We compared the predatory functional responses of an emerging invasive species in Europe, the ‘killer shrimp’,Dikerogammarus villosus, and an analogous native species,Gammarus pulex, towards three representative prey species:Asellus aquaticus,Daphnia magnaandChironomussp. Furthermore, as ecological impact may be greater for invasive species with more indiscriminate feeding habits, we compared the selectivity for the three prey types between the invasive and native species.In both the presence and absence of experimental habitats, largeD. villosus, and those matched for body size withG. pulex, generally showed higher (TypeII) functional responses thanG. pulex, with the invasive species exhibiting higher maximum feeding rates. Further,D. villosusexhibited significantly more indiscriminate prey selection compared withG. pulex, a trait that became more evident as the invader increased in size. Differences in functional responses and prey selectivity were prey species specific, with higher to lower predicted impacts in the orderA. aquaticus,D. magnaandChironomussp. This is in accord with the impact of this invasive species on macroinvertebrates in the field.We thus provide understanding of the known ecological impact ofD. villosusand discuss the utility of the phenomenological use of comparative functional responses and resource use as a tool through which the potential ecological impacts of invasive species may be identified.
Testing the pressure‐specific invertebrate index (PSI) as a tool for determining ecologically relevant targets for reducing sedimentation in streams
Authors: Glendell Miriam , Extence Chris , Chadd Richard , Brazier Richard E. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Sedimentation is a major cause of river impairment and water pollution worldwide. However, setting an ecologically meaningful sedimentation target is proving challenging due to significant gaps in the understanding of quantitative links between sedimentation and ecological response as well as variability between different types of surface waters. This study evaluates the utility of a new pressure‐specific macroinvertebrate index, Proportion of Sediment‐sensitive Invertebrates (PSI), to act as a simple tool for measuring sedimentation impacts and setting ecologically relevant sedimentation targets.

Five macroinvertebrate indices were calculated from 51 samples taken from 13 sampling locations across two neighbouring, but contrasting study catchments in spring and autumn 2010 and 2011. For four of these, environmental quality indices (EQIs) were also calculated as a proportion of observed to expected (O:E) macroinvertebrate scores, which were predicted for a theoretical pristine invertebrate community using the River Invertebrate Prediction and Classification System model.

Principal component analysis has shown a clear hydromorphological and sedimentation gradient within the two study catchments. A generalised hierarchical mixed model with site as a random factor and % fine bed sediment as a fixed factor found a significant relationship between PSI and O:E PSI and % fine bed sediment cover at reach‐scale sampling resolution over a moderate gradient of impact. Lotic Index for Flow Evaluation (LIFE) scores and Ephemeroptera–Plecoptera–Trichoptera (EPT) % abundance were also related to % fine bed sediment cover. However, PSI was more strongly related to % fine bed sediment cover than either LIFE or EPT % abundance. While PSI and O:E PSI were correlated with LIFE and O:E LIFE, PSI was not correlated with EPT % abundance, which suggests a differentiated response of these metrics to multiple stressors.

The relationship between PSI and other invertebrate metrics should be subjected to further testing along a pronounced gradient of multiple stressors, as our findings suggest that PSI and % fine bed sediment cover have the potential to provide simple, sensitive and effective tools for setting of ‘twin’ ecological and physical sedimentation targets and add additional exploratory power to the existing suite of macroinvertebrate indices.
A novel therapeutic strategy for turban tumor: scalp excision and combined reconstruction with artificial dermis and split skin graft
Authors: Parren Lizelotte J. M. T. , Ferdinandus Patrick , van der Hulst René , Frank Jorge , Tuinder Stefania 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundBrooke–Spiegler syndrome is a hereditary tumor predisposition disorder characterized by the development of cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas, and spiradenomas. Predilection sites of the disease are hair follicles and sweat glands of the head and neck. In some patients, the tumors can coalesce to so‐called turban tumors, which then usually cause cosmetic, psychological, and functional impairment. A curative therapy is not yet available, and thus total scalp excision followed by split skin graft is evolving as a frequently applied therapy. However, this treatment can lead to the formation of a thin and vulnerable skin, which hampers wearing a wig. Therefore, a more robust and functional solution is preferable. Here, we report on a woman with a turban tumor who suffered enormously from the disease and had secluded herself from social life.MethodsWe treated her with a total scalp excision down to the periosteum, followed by sequential combined reconstruction with an artificial dermal template and split skin grafts.ResultsThe treatment resulted in formation of a robust and flexible skin.ConclusionTreatment of turban tumor is a challenge considering the localization and extensiveness of the tumor masses. This novel therapy for turban tumor leads to a very good cosmetic and functional outcome.
Is there a relation between clinical disease activity and acute phase response in Behcet's disease?
Authors: Melikoglu Mehmet , Topkarci Zeynep 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relation between clinical disease activity determined by a scale validated and most widely used acute phase response parameters in patients with Behcet's Disease (BD). One hundred patients with BD were included in this study. The demographic properties including age, sex, and disease durations were recorded. BD Current Activity Form (BDCAF), which scores the history of clinical features that have been present during the four weeks prior to the day of assessment, was used for the evaluation of disease activity. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated as acute phase response. The independent samples t test and Pearson's correlation test were performed for the statistical analysis. There were 60 male and 40 female patients with an age range of 19–51 years. The disease durations of the patients were between 12 and 240 months. In the comparison of the laboratory parameters of the patients with or without the components of BDCAF, we found significantly higher levels of ESR and CRP in patients with erythema and arthralgia‐arthritis versus without these involvements. There were significant positive correlations between ESR‐CRP levels and patient's perception of disease activity (P = 0.012 and P < 0.05, respectively), clinician's overall perception of disease activity (P < 0.005), and total BDCAF score (P = 0.008 and P < 0.000, respectively). In conclusion, the presence of a newly‐developed erythema nodosum, superficial thrombophlebitis, or joint involvement may be associated with higher levels of ESR and CRP. Also, correlations between these indices and general disease activity scores may contribute the overall disease activity perception in BD.
Role of Nano‐ and Micron‐Sized Particles of TiO2 Additive on Microwave Dielectric Properties of Li2ZnTi3O8 – 4 wt% TiO2 Ceramics
Authors: Bari M. , Taheri‐Nassaj E. , Taghipour‐Armaki H. 
Published: November 2013

Microwave dielectric ceramics with the composition of Li2ZnTi3O8 – 4 wt% TiO2 were synthesized by the conventional solid‐state reaction. 4 wt% TiO2 powders with different particles size were added to the Li2ZnTi3O8 ceramic. Then the ceramic samples were sintered at temperatures 1075°C, 1050°C, 1000°C, and 950°C for 4 h. The effect of the particles size of TiO2 additive on the microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics has been investigated. In the study two categories of particles size of TiO2 additive have been used; (i) Nanoparticle (50 nm), (ii) Micron sized (40, 5, 1 μm) powder. X‐ray showed that the TiO2 additive has not solved in the LZT structure and has not almost undergone chemical reaction with the LZT ceramic. The results showed that the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles to the LZT ceramics significantly improved the density and a dense and uniform microstructure and also abnormal grain growth were observed by SEM. The use of TiO2 nanoparticle reduces porosity and leads to an increase in green density. The maximum density was found to be 98.5% of the theoretical density and the best relative permittivity of 28, quality factor of 68000 GHz and τf value of −2 ppm/°C were obtained for the samples added with 4 wt% of the TiO2 nanoparticles, sintered at 1050°C for 4 h.
Oral mucosal injury caused by cancer therapies: current management and new frontiers in research
Authors: Jensen Siri B. , Peterson Douglas E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis invited update is designed to provide a summary of the state‐of‐the‐science regarding oral mucosal injury (oral mucositis) caused by conventional and emerging cancer therapies. Current modeling of oral mucositis pathobiology as well as evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis are presented. In addition, studies addressing oral mucositis as published in the Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine 2008–2013 are specifically highlighted in this context. Key research directions in basic and translational science associated with mucosal toxicity caused by cancer therapies are also delineated as a basis for identifying pathobiologic and pharmacogenomic targets for interventions. This collective portfolio of research and its ongoing incorporation into clinical practice is setting the stage for the clinician in the future to predict mucosal toxicity risk and tailor therapeutic interventions to the individual oncology patient accordingly.
Evidence of High Rates of Undiagnosed Asthma in Central Ohio Elementary Schoolchildren
Authors: Clark Brenda R. , Burkett S. Amanda , Andridge Rebecca R. , Buckley Timothy J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn Ohio, 14.5% of 5‐ to 9‐year‐olds and 17.3% of 10‐ to 17‐year‐olds have asthma. Moreover, there is concern that these numbers may underestimate the true disease burden. We sought to evaluate variability in asthma rates and respiratory symptoms among central Ohio fourth graders as a means to assess potential undiagnosed and undertreated asthma and its determinants.METHODSWe recruited 13 central Ohio elementary schools representing a broad range of nonurban settings and surveyed fourth graders to estimate school‐level physician‐diagnosed asthma (PDA), respiratory morbidity, and home exposures to smoking and pets. We used generalized linear mixed models with random intercept for school to examine relationships among exposures, respiratory symptoms, andPDA.RESULTSAcross the 13 schools, 94% of students participated in the survey, and the estimated asthma prevalence rate was 10.2% (N = 101 of 987). An additional 41% reported not havingPDAbut then went on to report symptoms consistent with asthma potentially suggestive of undiagnosed asthma. Of students withPDA, 21% reported symptoms suggestive of poorly controlled asthma. High levels of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure were associated both withPDA(p = .05) and with respiratory symptoms (p < .0001). Students who owned a cat or a bird were more likely to report respiratory symptoms (p = .02 and p = .04, respectively).CONCLUSIONSWe provide evidence that the already high childhood asthma public health burden in central Ohio may be underreported. Schools may be an ideal location to conduct screenings and implement environmental interventions oriented towardSHSand household pets that will yield respiratory morbidity benefits.
General Practitioners' Procedures for Sexual History Taking and Treating Sexual Dysfunction in Primary Care
Authors: Ribeiro Sofia , Alarcão Violeta , Simões Rui , Miranda Filipe Leão , Carreira Mário , Galvão-Teles Alberto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Good history-taking skills are the first step towards achieving a correct diagnosis of sexual dysfunction (SD). However, studies show most general practitioners (GPs) do not take the initiative to ask the patient about SD, and when diagnosing a condition, they tend to give preference to their own criteria over clinical guidelines.

Aim
The aim of this study is to characterize GPs' attitudes towards taking sexual history, identifying its frequency and focus, and to describe GPs' diagnostics and therapeutic approaches including the use of clinical guidelines, exploring patients' and doctor-related differences.

Methods
Cross-sectional study using confidential self-administrated questionnaires applied to GPs working in primary healthcare units in the Lisbon region.

Main Outcome Measures
Data concerning GPs' consultation of guidelines, active exploration of SD in male and in female patients, and focus on sexual history taking was collected.

Results
Of the 50 participants (73.5% response rate), 15.5% actively ask their patients about SD. The main reasons for asking patients about their sexuality are diabetes (84.0%), prescription of medication with adverse effects on sexuality (78.0%), and family planning (72.0%), the latter being a significantly more frequent reason for GPs with 20 or less years of practice. Routine sexual history taking (22.0%) appears as one of the least mentioned motives. The percentage of appointments with active exploration of SD was positively associated with guidelines' consultation, as well as considering the specialty as a good source of information and having longer appointments when SD is mentioned. However, 76.0% report not having consulted any guidelines in the previous year. Lack of time (31.6%) and low accessibility (25.0%) were referred to as the main reasons for not consulting guidelines.

Conclusions
Routine sexual history taking and consultation of guidelines about SD are not yet a generalized practice in primary care. Data should be interpreted with caution as they are self-reported. Further objective measurement such as direct observation or clinical files consultation should be implemented.
Mixed lineage kinase 3 deficient mice are protected against the high fat high carbohydrate diet‐induced steatohepatitis
Authors: Ibrahim Samar H. , Gores Gregory J. , Hirsova Petra , Kirby Michelle , Miles Lili , Jaeschke Anja , Kohli Rohit 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsC‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) activation is pivotal in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Mixed lineage kinase 3 (MLK) 3 is one of the mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) that mediates JNK activation in the liver. Despite this concept, the role of MLK3 in modulating liver injury during nutrient excess has not been explored. Our aim was to determine if MLK3 deficient mice were protected against high fat high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet‐induced NASH.MethodsWe employed eight‐week‐old Mlk3−/− male C57BL/6J mice, and wild type (WT) mice C57BL/6J as controls. Mice were fed a HFHC or a chow diet adlib for 16 weeks.ResultsHepatic JNK activating phosphorylation was readily absent in the Mlk3−/− mice fed the HFHC diet, but not in WT mice. This inhibition of JNK activation was hepatoprotective. Despite a comparable increase in weight gain, hepatic steatosis by histological examination and hepatic triglyceride quantification was reduced in HFHC diet‐fed Mlk3−/− mice compared with WT mice. In addition, compared with the WT mice, HFHC diet‐fed Mlk3−/− mice had significantly attenuated liver injury as manifested by reduced ALT levels, hepatocyte apoptosis, markers of hepatic inflammation and indices of hepatic fibrogenesis.ConclusionOur results suggest that loss of MLK3 in mice is protective against HFHC diet‐induced NASH, in a weight‐independent fashion, through attenuation of JNK activation. MLK3 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human NASH.