bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the timing of scent emission correlated with insect visitor activity and pollination in long‐spurred Satyrium species?
Authors: van der Niet T. , Jürgens A. , Johnson S. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPlants are expected to emit floral scent when their pollinators are most active. In the case of long‐tubed flowers specialised for pollination by crepuscular or nocturnal moths, scent emissions would be expected to peak during dawn. Although this classic idea has existed for decades, it has rarely been tested quantitatively. We investigated the timing of flower visitation, pollination and floral scent emissions in six long‐spurred Satyrium species (Orchidaceae). We observed multiple evening visits by pollinaria‐bearing moths on flowers of all study species, but rarely any diurnal visits. The assemblages of moth pollinators differed among Satyrium species, even those that co‐flowered, and the lengths of moth tongues and floral nectar spurs were strongly correlated, suggesting that the available moth pollinator fauna is partitioned by floral traits. Pollinarium removal occurred more frequently during the night than during the day in four of the six species. Scent emission, however, was only significantly higher at dusk than midday in two species. Analysis of floral volatiles using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry yielded 168 scent compounds, of which 112 were species‐specific. The scent blends emitted by each species occupy discrete clusters in two‐dimensional phenotype space, based on multivariate analysis. We conclude that these long‐spurred Satyrium species are ecologically specialised for moth pollination, yet the timing of their scent emission is not closely correlated with moth pollination activity. Scent composition was also more variable than expected from a group of closely related plants sharing the same pollinator functional group. These findings reveal a need for greater understanding of mechanisms of scent production and their constraints, as well as the underlying reasons for divergent scent chemistry among closely related plants.
Pregnancy‐Associated Glycoprotein (PAG) Profile of Holstein–Friesian Cows as Compared to Dual‐Purpose and Beef Cows
Authors: Shahin M , Friedrich M , Gauly M , Holtz W 
Published: June 2014

ContentsPregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are produced by mono‐ and binucleate trophoblast cells in the ruminant placenta. PAG appears in maternal blood and, from approximately 4 weeks after fertilization onward, may serve as a reliable means of diagnosing pregnancy. A range of factors are said to affect plasma PAG concentrations, such as number and sex of foetus, mass of calf and placenta, level of milk production and genetic constitution. In this study, PAG pregnancy profiles of a dual‐purpose (Simmental) and two beef breeds (Uckermark and Aubrac) are compared with the profile of the specialized dairy breed Holstein–Friesian. Holstein–Friesian cows were sampled weekly; the levels of the other breeds were presented at 3‐week intervals. The overall significant breed difference (p = 0.013) was founded on deviations during the initial 3 weeks of pregnancy and from 23 weeks onward. During the period critical for the detection of pregnancy, between four and 22 weeks, agreement between PAG levels of various breeds was close (p > 0.05). No significant effect of body mass of cow or calf (relative to mass of dam) was detected. These findings imply that the PAG pregnancy test may be executed uniformly irrespective of breed or type of cow, affirming the suitability of the test as a valuable asset for the cattle industry.
A Non‐parametric ANOVA‐type Test for Regression Curves Based on Characteristic Functions
Authors: Pardo‐Fernández Juan Carlos , Jiménez‐Gamero María Dolores , Ghouch Anouar El 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article studies a new procedure to test for the equality of k regression curves in a fully non‐parametric context. The test is based on the comparison of empirical estimators of the characteristic functions of the regression residuals in each population. The asymptotic behaviour of the test statistic is studied in detail. It is shown that under the null hypothesis, the distribution of the test statistic converges to a finite combination of independent chi‐squared random variables with one degree of freedom. The coefficients in this linear combination can be consistently estimated. The proposed test is able to detect contiguous alternatives converging to the null at the rate n − 1 ∕ 2. The practical performance of the test based on the asymptotic null distribution is investigated by means of simulations.
Guided Censored Regression
Authors: Talamakrouni Majda , Ghouch Anouar El , Van Keilegom Ingrid 
Published: June 2014

AbstractParametrically guided non‐parametric regression is an appealing method that can reduce the bias of a non‐parametric regression function estimator without increasing the variance. In this paper, we adapt this method to the censored data case using an unbiased transformation of the data and a local linear fit. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator are established, and its performance is evaluated via finite sample simulations.
Zum politischen Leistungsprofil der Schweiz: Thesen zur Erklärung einer Erfolgsgeschichte aus dem Blickwinkel des internationalen Vergleichs
Authors: Schmidt Manfred G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIm OECD‐Länder‐Vergleich erreicht die Schweiz bei zentralen Indikatoren des politischen Leistungsprofils Spitzenwerte, beispielsweise bei der Arbeitslosenquote, der Inflationsrate und dem Schuldendienst für die Staatsschulden. Wie diese Erfolgsgeschichte zu erklären ist, wird in diesem Essay anhand der Jahre von 1990 bis 2012 erörtert, und zwar unter Heranziehung von Hypothesen und Daten zu schweizspezifischen Erklärungen und von Erklärungsansätzen, die die Schweiz mit anderen wohlhabenden Demokratien vergleichen. Als Schlüsselgrößen erweisen sich – neben institutionellen, prozessualen und akteursbezogenen Eigenheiten der Schweiz – insbesondere die Variablen politikfeldspezifischer Erklärungen (wie Zentralbankautonomie, Verteilungskonflikt und fiskalpolitische Fragmentierung) sowie sozialpartnerschaftliche Arbeitsbeziehungen und Parteieneffekte.
The Shape of the Causative Verbal Domain: Evidence from Kashmiri
Authors: Manetta Emily 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe properties of the productive morphological causative traditionally understood to be suggestive of biclausality have in more recent accounts been attributed to multiple layers within the verbal domain. This paper evaluates two approaches to the causative verbal domain: one requiring multiple stacked vPs as in Harley 2008 and Folli & Harley 2007, and a second in which causation instantiates a separate causative head as in Pylkkännen 1999, 2008. Features particular to the Indic language Kashmiri, such as verbal agreement with the internal argument in ergative clauses, nominative causees, and iterated causation, provide new empirical ground for testing distinct predictions made by these two approaches. This paper ultimately argues that the CauseP approach better accounts for the facts in Kashmiri, and may also be better suited to capture parametric variation of productive causation crosslinguistically.
Large‐scale gene expression profiling data for the model moss Physcomitrella patens aid understanding of developmental progression, culture and stress conditions
Authors: Hiss Manuel , Laule Oliver , Meskauskiene Rasa M. , Arif Muhammad A. , Decker Eva L. , Erxleben Anika , Frank Wolfgang , Hanke Sebastian T. , Lang Daniel , Martin Anja , Neu Christina , Reski Ralf , Richardt Sandra , Schallenberg‐Rüdinger Mareike , Szövényi Peter , Tiko Theodhor , Wiedemann Gertrud , Wolf Luise , Zimmermann Philip , Rensing Stefan A. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe moss Physcomitrella patens is an important model organism for studying plant evolution, development, physiology and biotechnology. Here we have generated microarray gene expression data covering the principal developmental stages, culture forms and some environmental/stress conditions. Example analyses of developmental stages and growth conditions as well as abiotic stress treatments demonstrate that (i) growth stage is dominant over culture conditions, (ii) liquid culture is not stressful for the plant, (iii) low pH might aid protoplastation by reduced expression of cell wall structure genes, (iv) largely the same gene pool mediates response to dehydration and rehydration, and (v) AP2/EREBP transcription factors play important roles in stress response reactions. With regard to the AP2 gene family, phylogenetic analysis and comparison with Arabidopsis thaliana shows commonalities as well as uniquely expressed family members under drought, light perturbations and protoplastation. Gene expression profiles for P. patens are available for the scientific community via the easy‐to‐use tool at https://www.genevestigator.com. By providing large‐scale expression profiles, the usability of this model organism is further enhanced, for example by enabling selection of control genes for quantitative real‐time PCR. Now, gene expression levels across a broad range of conditions can be accessed online for P. patens.
HSP90s are required for NLR immune receptor accumulation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Huang Shuai , Monaghan Jacqueline , Zhong Xionghui , Lin Ling , Sun Tongjun , Dong Oliver Xiaoou , Li Xin 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHeat shock proteins (HSPs) serve as molecular chaperones for diverse client proteins in many biological processes. In plant immunity, cytosolic HSP90s participate in the assembly, stability control and/or activation of immune receptor complexes. In this paper we report that in addition to the well‐established positive roles that HSP90 isoforms play in plant immunity, they are also involved in the negative regulation of immune receptor accumulation. Point mutations in two HSP90 genes, HSP90.2 and HSP90.3, were identified from a forward genetic screen designed to isolate mutants with enhanced disease resistance. We found that specific mutations in HSP90.2 and HSP90.3 lead to heightened accumulation of immune receptors, including SNC1, RPS2 and RPS4. HSP90s may assist SGT1 in the formation of SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that target immune receptors for degradation. Such regulation is critical for maintaining appropriate levels of immune receptor proteins to avoid autoimmunity.
The use of flow cytometry for immunophenotyping lymphoproliferative disorders in cats: a retrospective study of 19 cases
Authors: Guzera M. , Cian F. , Leo C. , Winnicka A. , Archer J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFlow cytometric immunophenotyping is a useful step in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative malignancies in human and veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of this technique for the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders in cats. Nineteen cats were retrospectively enrolled in this study and allocated into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 13 cats with lymphoma, whereas group 2 consisted of 6 cats with non‐neoplastic lymphoproliferative disorders. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsies were analysed by flow cytometry in order to evaluate the immunophenotype. Flow cytometric analysis identified a neoplastic lymphoid population in 12 of the 13 cats of group 1, confirming the diagnosis of lymphoma and further characterizing it. The six cats in group 2 showed a mixed lymphoid population, which was not suggestive of a neoplastic disorder. Flow cytometry is a valuable and powerful tool for refining the diagnosis of feline lymphoproliferative disorders.
Quantitative morphology in canine cutaneous soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Simeonov R. , Ananiev J. , Gulubova M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStained cytological specimens from 24 dogs with spontaneous soft tissue sarcomas [fibrosarcoma (n = 8), liposarcoma (n = 8) and haemangiopericytoma (n = 8)], and 24 dogs with reactive connective tissue lesions [granulation tissue (n = 12) and dermal fibrosis (n = 12)] were analysed by computer‐assisted nuclear morphometry. The studied morphometric parameters were: mean nuclear area (MNA; µm2), mean nuclear perimeter (MNP; µm), mean nuclear diameter (MNDmean; µm), minimum nuclear diameter (Dmin; µm) and maximum nuclear diameter (Dmax; µm). The study aimed to evaluate (1) possibility for quantitative differentiation of soft tissue sarcomas from reactive connective tissue lesions and (2) by using cytomorphometry, to differentiate the various histopathological soft tissue sarcomas subtypes in dogs. The mean values of all nuclear cytomorphometric parameters (except for Dmax) were statistically significantly higher in reactive connective tissue processes than in soft tissue sarcomas. At the same time, however, there were no considerable differences among the different sarcoma subtypes. The results demonstrated that the quantitative differentiation of reactive connective tissue processes from soft tissue sarcomas in dogs is possible, but the same was not true for the different canine soft tissue sarcoma subtypes. Further investigations on this topic are necessary for thorough explication of the role of quantitative morphology in the diagnostics of mesenchymal neoplasms and tumour‐like fibrous lesions in dogs
Chapter 1 An overview of the eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 2000 to 2010
Authors: Wadge G. , Voight B. , Sparks R. S. J. , Cole P. D. , Loughlin S. C. , Robertson R. E. A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The 1995–present eruption of Soufrière Hills Volcano on Montserrat has produced over a cubic kilometre of andesitic magma, creating a series of lava domes that were successively destroyed, with much of their mass deposited in the sea. There have been five phases of lava extrusion to form these lava domes: November 1995–March 1998; November 1999–July 2003; August 2005–April 2007; July 2008–January 2009; and October 2009–February 2010. It has been one of the most intensively studied volcanoes in the world during this time, and there are long instrumental and observational datasets. From these have sprung major new insights concerning: the cyclicity of magma transport; low-frequency earthquakes associated with conduit magma flow; the dynamics of lateral blasts and Vulcanian explosions; the role that basalt–andesite magma mingling in the mid-crust has in powering the eruption; identification using seismic tomography of the uppermost magma reservoir at a depth of 5.5 > 7.5 km; and many others. Parallel to the research effort, there has been a consistent programme of quantitative risk assessment since 1997 that has both pioneered new methods and provided a solid evidential source for the civil authority to use in mitigating the risks to the people of Montserrat.
Chapter 18 Characterization of mafic enclaves in the erupted products of Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat, 2009 to 2010
Authors: Plail Melissa , Barclay Jenni , Humphreys Madeleine C. S. , Edmonds Marie , Herd Richard A. , Christopher Thomas E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Lavas from the current eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat exhibit evidence for magma mingling, related to the intrusion of mafic magma at depth. We present detailed field, petrological, textural and geochemical descriptions of mafic enclaves in andesite erupted during 2009–2010, and subdivide the enclaves into three distinct types: type A are mafic, glassy with chilled margins and few inherited phenocrysts; type B are more evolved with high inherited phenocryst content and little glass, and are interpreted as significantly hybridized; type C are composite, with a mafic interior (type A) and a hybrid exterior (type B). All enclaves define tight linear compositional trends, interpreted as mixing between a mafic end member (type A) and host andesite. Enclave glasses are rhyolitic, owing to extensive crystallization during quenching. Type A quench crystallization is driven by rapid thermal equilibration during injection into the andesite. Conversely, type B enclaves form in a hybridized melt layer, which ponded near the base of the chamber and cooled more slowly. Vesiculation near the mafic–silicic interface resulted in disruption of the hybridized layer and the formation of the type B enclaves. The composite enclaves represent an interface between types A and B, suggesting multiple episodes of mafic injection.
Chapter 24 A review of volcanic hazard and risk-assessment praxis at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat from 1997 to 2011
Authors: Wadge G. , Aspinall W. P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Volcanic hazard and risk at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat has been assessed in a consistent and quantitative manner for 14 years (1997–2011) during highly variable eruptive activity involving andesitic lava-dome growth, which has placed serious constraints on Montserratian society. This work has been carried out by the Scientific Advisory Committee (and predecessors) in collaboration with the Montserrat Volcano Observatory. We describe the organizational context of these assessments, the types of hazards and the methods used to analyse them. Knowledge elicitation using hazard scenarios and analysis by the Classical Model method were employed to formulate probabilistic forecasts of future hazardous events over the next year, and to quantify risks to individuals and Montserrat society generally. We devised a scheme for assessing the likelihood that the volcanic system had stopped receiving basalt magma, considered to be the main driver of the eruption. The accuracy of forecasts was tested using Brier Skill Scores: 83% of forecasts for events that were critical to life had positive skill, as measured by this method. We also discuss how government responded to our assessments. The continuous series of quantitative volcanic hazard and risk assessments described here is the only one of its kind.
Chapter 25 Reflexive volcanology: 15 years of communicating risk and uncertainty in scientific advice on Montserrat
Authors: Donovan Amy , Oppenheimer Clive , Bravo Michael 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper examines in detail the history of the Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC) reports – formerly the Risk Assessment Panel (RAP). In particular, it discusses examples of processes within the SAC reporting as constituting a reflexive process: as methods are used, reviewed, reacted to and redefined, there is a honing of the material and report format. This is used to draw some conclusions about the nature of reporting volcanic risk and scientific uncertainty, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results from a 2011 survey of Montserratians are provided to contextualize the discussion. The paper concludes by looking more broadly at risk governance on Montserrat, and how risk management feeds back into risk assessment via the public domain.
Chapter 5 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat between 2008 and 2010
Authors: Cole P. D. , Smith P. J. , Stinton A. J. , Odbert H. M. , Bernstein M. L. , Komorowski J. C. , Stewart R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Vulcanian explosions generated at Soufrière Hills Volcano between 2008 and 2010 varied from simple events involving minimal pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) to complex events involving more than one explosion. Calculated volumes for the deposits of the PDCs formed by these explosions ranged up to 2.7×10
6
m
3
, with more than half the explosions having volumes greater than 1×10
6
m
3
. The deposits formed by the explosions varied in lithology, with some explosions generating pumice-rich PDCs (e.g. 29 July 2008 and 11 February 2010) showing development of sinuous lobes. These explosions are similar to those formed in 1997, with gas-rich, conduit-derived magma being the dominant driving mechanism. Other explosions were pumice-poor (
c.
5 wt% pumice) and generated morphologically distinct PDC deposits. Many of the pumice-poor explosions were associated with lower tephra plumes of <8 km, but were some of the largest volume events in terms of PDC production and suggest a generation mechanism involving destruction of significant quantities of the lava dome. Analysis of video footage shows that PDC formation was pulsatory, probably related to destabilization of portions of the lava dome during the initial phases of the explosion.
Chapter 6 Dome growth and valley fill during Phase 5 (8 October 2009–11 February 2010) at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Stinton A. J. , Cole P. D. , Odbert H. M. , Christopher T. , Avard G. , Bernstein M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Extrusion during Phase 5 (8 October 2009–11 February 2010) produced significant volumetric and geomorphic changes to the lava dome and surrounding valleys at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat. Approximately 74×10
6
m
3
of lava was extruded at an average rate of 7 m
3
s
−1
during the short period of activity. Addition of lava to the pre-existing dome resulted in a net volumetric increase of up to 38×10
6
m
3
. Pyroclastic density current (PDC) and ashfall deposits accounted for the remaining 36×10
6
m
3
. A series of thick, blocky lobes were extruded from a central vent. In addition, several short-lived spines and two large shear lobes were also extruded. Significant PDC activity resulted in substantial valley filling of up to 108 m. The large pre-existing dome significantly influenced the growth of lobes, such that many block-and-ash flows were generated from viscous lobes draped over the summit and upper slopes. Geomorphic changes caused by rapid filling of the surrounding valleys aided in both flow avulsion and the emplacement of deposits up to 6 km from the dome. These geomorphic changes have important consequences for hazards from PDCs.
Chapter 7 The 11 February 2010 partial dome collapse at Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Stinton Adam J. , Cole Paul D. , Stewart Roderick C. , Odbert Henry M. , Smith Patrick 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

On 11 February 2010, a partial dome collapse, the largest since 20 May 2006, occurred at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat. The collapse is also the largest generated on the northern flank of SHV since the eruption began in 1995. Approximately 50×10
6
m
3
was removed from the dome, resulting in widespread pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Mapping revealed a complex stratigraphy that varied widely across the northern and NE flanks, and reflected the complex evolution of the collapse. The deposits included a range of fine-grained ash-rich and pumice-rich units deposited by dilute PDCs, and several types of coarse-grained, blocky deposits from dense PDCs. Several previously unaffected areas, including Bugby Hole, Farm River Valley, the village of Harris and Trants, suffered significant damage to the natural and built environments. The collapse lasted 107 min but the bulk of the activity occurred in a 15 min period that included five of the six peaks in PDC generation and two Vulcanian explosions. Although powerful, the PDCs generated were not associated with a lateral blast. The likely cause was the piecemeal collapse of a series of large, unstable lobes that had been extruded on the northern flank of the pre-existing dome.