bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Biopolymer to Improve Oil Recovery in High Temperature High Salinity Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Quadri Syed Mohamid , Jiran Li , Shoaib Mohammad , Hashmet Muhammad Rehan , AlSumaiti Ali M. , Alhassan Saeed M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Polymer flooding is a well-established chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique. However, its application to High-Temperature and High-Salinity (HTHS) carbonate reservoirs remains a challenging task due to the unavailability of polymers that can withstand the harsh conditions. Identifying thermally stable, salt-tolerant polymers with high thickening efficiency and low adsorption in carbonate reservoirs will be a major step towards the successful application of polymer flooding in HTHS carbonate reservoirs. The potential biopolymer "Schizophyllan" is identified and its rheological properties are investigated. The effect of temperature and salinity on the behavior of the polymer solution is analyzed. In addition, the mechanical and long-term thermal stability of the polymer solutions and their adsorption on synthetic carbonate cores are also discussed.
The tested polymer showed temperature stability and salt tolerance with no decrease in viscosity up to a temperature of 135 °C and 220 g/L salinity. The thermal stability and salt tolerance of the biopolymer are attributed to the non-ionic nature and the triple helical structure. Moreover, the polymer solution showed no decrease in viscosity when kept at 120 °C under anaerobic conditions for over eight months. A series of coreflooding experiments have been performed at reservoir temperature (120 °C) and salinity (167 g/L) to evaluate the performance of the polymer EOR process in carbonate reservoirs. Various parameters including reservoir permeability, polymer slug size and the initiation time of polymer EOR process are varied in this study in order to determine the optimum flooding conditions. Dynamic adsorption of the polymer on rock surface is also quantified and found to be very low in magnitude. Coreflooding results of polymer EOR using the potential biopolymer offered encouraging results with a range of incremental recoverable oil between 7-10% after waterflooding. Further research is still required on application of biopolymers on reservoir cores.
A Regional Analysis of Clumped Isotope Geochemistry to Define the Timing of Creation of Micro-Porosity in a Lower Cretaceous Giant Reservoir
Authors: Barata J. , Vahrenkamp V. , Van Laer P. J. , Swart P. , Murray S. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Clumped isotope geochemistry of calcite minerals measures temperature independently of the isotopic composition of the precipitating water, allowing in combination with basin modeling to define the depth and timing of major diagenetic events. This technique has been applied to a regional selection of samples from the most prolific Thamama reservoir unit in Abu Dhabi in an attempt to further constrain the creation of the micro-porous system that volumetrically dominates the pore system of the reservoir.
A total of 38 samples from 8 crest wells in 8 different fields from onshore Abu Dhabi were analyzed, indicating precipitating temperatures of 47°C to 110°C, and diagenetic water isotopic composition of 0.2‰ to 5.6‰ δ18O. Carbon and Oxygen stable isotope values are in line with existing values for this reservoir (−9.17 to −5.27 δ18O; 2.99 to 4.10 for δ13C).
From the same cores and at the same depth as the 38 samples, thin sections were created for a semi-quantitative petrographic analysis to provide further insight on Δ47 temperature variations. Samples with a higher volume of intraclasts have lower temperature of precipitation while samples with higher volume of diagenetic cement show higher temperatures of precipitation. Cutoffs were applied to filter out these early and late diagenetic overprints.
Using the existing basin model, Δ47 temperatures translate into a depth for diagenesis of between 610 and 1370 m and an Upper Cretaceous age. Both the range of temperatures and depths reflect differential transformation of the individual structures during the late Cretaceous caused by the emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite. This is in agreement with a recently proposed regional burial diagenetic model (Vahrenkamp et al., 2014). The isotopic composition of the diagenetic fluids indicate the presence of heavy burial diagenetic brines on a regional scale.
The results show that the effects of deep burial diagenesis are present throughout the Abu Dhabi region and that a strong regional burial flow system is controlling the evolution of the poro-perm system. An understanding of this large scale fluid-flow system is important in resolving issues related to the regional distribution of reservoir properties.
Barrow Island Quarantine: Beyond Best Practice
Authors: Merwe Johann Van 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Arresting the loss of biodiversity is one of the challenges of our era. One of the primary drivers of this loss is the introduction on non-indigenous species where such species overcome the normal factors that contain and constrain population growth to become pest species that out compete the indigenous species resulting in the marginalisation and in the extreme case extinction of the native species. The lack of biosecurity not only risks biodiversity but also risks our economy and our way of life. Introduced diseases threaten animal production, weeds degrade agricultural output and pest species erode our amenity values in our neighbourhood. With the progression of globalisation and the associated increase in trade and development, proliferation of travel and large-scale migration between nations, the risk of translocating species that may become invasive increases as well. An invasive species episode imposes a costly externality on ecosystems in terms of composition, structure and function and all too often a cost to the socio-economic environment‥
The search for new energy reserves and the subsequent development of newly discovered assets push deeper into the remote frontiers of our world. Proponents can expect to be challenged by interested and affected parties opposed to exploration or any proposal that involves development. These stakeholder groups not only are the stakeholders on the local or the national scene but more often than not also include large international non-government organisations. As such, companies and governments are under increased pressure to set new benchmarks and new best practices in order to gain or issue regulatory approvals and the ‘social licence’ to operate, often resulting in the bar for environmental approvals being raised.
This was indeed the case when thegovernment, on the advice of the community and subject matter experts, imposed a challenging condition on the approval of the Gorgon Joint Venture to develop the Gorgon Project on Barrow Island. This paper provides a high-level explanation of the Quarantine Management System developed in response to a requirement ensure no non-indigenous species is introduced or proliferated on Barrow Island and its performance.
The importance of test accuracy in economic evaluations of companion diagnostics
Authors: San Miguel Lorena , Hulstaert Frank 
Published: November 2015

Background:
Economic evaluations of companion diagnostics often fail to include the impact that tests have on the overall economic value of test–drug combinations.
Methods:
To illustrate the importance of test accuracy on the cost–effectiveness of companion diagnostics by means of examples. Data were extracted from the literature.
Results:
The accuracy of a test and in particularly its specificity, is often more influential on the overall cost–effectiveness results than the price of the test. Specificity becomes more crucial when prevalence of the biomarker is low. Multiple, simultaneous testing faces specific challenges regarding its overall specificity.
Conclusion:
This article opens a discussion on some fundamental points linked to economic evaluations of test–therapy combinations.
The neutronic calculations for some fluids, libraries and structural materials in a hybrid reactor system
Authors: Günay M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the present investigation, a hybrid reactor system was designed by using 100 % Flibe, 90 % Flibe-10 % ThF4, 90 % Flibe-10 % UF4 fluids, ENDF/B-VII, JEFF-3.1, JENDL-4.0, ROSFOND, BROND-2.2, CENDL-3.1 evaluated nuclear data libraries and Ferritic Steel, 9Cr2WVTa, V4Cr4Ti, SiC structural materials. The fluids were used in the liquid first wall, liquid second wall (blanket) and shield zones of a fusion–fission hybrid reactor system. The nuclear parameters of a fusion–fission hybrid reactor such as tritium breeding ratio (TBR), energy multiplication factor (M), heat deposition rate were computed in liquid first wall, blanket and shield zones. Three-dimensional nucleonic calculations were performed using the most recent version MCNPX-2.7.0 the Monte Carlo code.
Preparation of human resources for future nuclear energy using FBNR as the instrument of learning
Authors: Sefidvash F. , Espinoza P. , Guerrero V. H. , Luna M. , Ayala E. , Santos R. , Hiep D. X. , Thong H. V. , Minh D. T. N. , Sahin S. , van der Laan F. T. , de Oliveira C. I. , Bouhelal O. K. , Kanoute M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn increasing number of developing countries are showing interest to become the emerging countries to nuclear energy. Most of these countries lack human resources and adequate infrastructures to enter such a venture. The principle objective of activities of FBNR Group is to train human resources for the countries that at the present lack the necessary conditions, but aim at the future clean and safe nuclear energy through the fourth generation and INPRO compatible nuclear reactors. The preparation for the future nuclear energy is done through development of innovative nuclear reactor that meets the INPRO philosophies and criteria. These countries may or may not have decided as yet to utilize nuclear energy, but are interested to gain a strong educational foundation for their future. The research and development of a small innovative nuclear reactor FBNR is used as the instrument for learning. The young scientists will learn how to be innovative with the vision of INPRO philosophy and criteria.
Analysis of SBO ATWS for Maanshan PWR
Authors: Chen Che-Hao , Wang Jong-Rong , Lin Hao-Tzu , Chen Shao-Wen , Shih Chunkuan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStation blackout anticipated transient without scram (SBO ATWS) is considered as loss of off-site and on-site power but no credit for automatic reactor trip. SBO ATWS causes reactor coolant pump (RCP) trip, loss of all main feedwater pumps and turbine trip, then the reactor coolant system (RCS) pressure rises rapidly due to loss of heat removal paths. The ASME Code Level C service limit criteria of 22.06 MPa (3200 psig) is assumed to be an unacceptable plant condition in SECY-83-293. The simulation is performed by TRACE which is a thermal-hydraulic code developed by U.S. NRC. Three different AFW flows are modeled to ensure the pressures will not be beyond the criteria. RCP seal-leakage is concerned as a SBLOCA due to loss of RCP seal-cooling. Four possible leakage flows are modeled to examine the reactor core water level and temperature variation.
Design and implementation progress of multi-purpose simulator for nuclear research reactor using LabVIEW
Authors: Arafa A. , Saleh H. I. , Ashoub N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper illustrates the neutronic and thermal hydraulic models that were implemented in the nuclear research reactor simulator based on LabVIEW. It also describes the system and transient analysis of the simulator that takes into consideration the temperature effects and poisoning. This simulator is designed to be a multi-purpose in which the operator could understand the effects of the input parameters on the reactor. A designer can study different solutions for virtual reactor accident scenarios. The main features of the simulator are the flexibility to design and maintain the interface and the ability to redesign and remodel the reactor core engine. The developed reactor simulator permits to acquire hands-on the experience of the physics and technology of nuclear reactors including reactivity control, thermodynamics, technology design and safety system design. This simulator can be easily customizable and upgradable and new opportunities for collaboration between academic groups could be conducted.
International assessment of application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors
Authors: Shokr A. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe self-assessments performed by thirty-eight countries on application of the Code of Conduct on the Safety of Research Reactors were analyzed and discussed. The results of this analysis were used to identify areas of satisfactory application of the Code and area needing improvements, and therefore require more attention worldwide. The results showed improvement in application of the Code provisions; ntformat otably in aging management, regulatory supervision, and consideration of human factors. However, there is a continuing need for further improvement in these areas, as well as in operational radiation protection, emergency preparedness and decommissioning planning. Additionally, increased attention needs to be given to periodic safety reviews, evaluation of site-specific hazards, and assessment of extreme external events. The results showed consistency with the feedback from other sources of information on generic safety issues for research reactors.
Theoretical study of steam condensation induced water hammer phenomena in horizontal pipelines
Authors: Barna I. F. , Pocsai M. A. , Guba A. , Imre A. R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSteam condensation induced water hammer (CIWH) phenomena are investigated and new theoretical results are presented. We use the WAHA3 model based on two-phase flow six first-order partial differential equations that present one dimensional, surface averaged mass, momentum and energy balances. A second order accurate high-resolution shock-capturing numerical scheme was applied with different kind of limiters in the numerical calculations. The applied two-fluid model shows some similarities to RELAP5 which is widely used in the nuclear industry to simulate nuclear power plant accidents. This model was validated with different CIWH experiments which were performed in the PMK-2 facility, which is a full-pressure thermohydraulic model of the nuclear power plant of VVER-440/312 type in the Energy Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and in the Rosa facility of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency. In our present study we show the first part of a planned large database which will give us the upper and lower flooding mass flow rates for various pipe geometries where CIWH can happen. Such a reliable database would be a great help for future reactor constructions and scheming.
Sensitivity analysis of parameters important to nuclear criticality safety of Castor X/28F spent nuclear fuel cask
Authors: Leotlela M.J. , Malgas I. , Taviv E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn nuclear criticality safety analysis it is essential to ascertain how various components of the nuclear system will perform under certain conditions they may be subjected to, particularly if the components of the system are likely to be affected by environmental factors such as temperature, radiation or material composition. It is therefore prudent that a sensitivity analysis is performed to determine and quantify the response of the output to variation in any of the input parameters. In a fissile system, the output parameter of importance is the keff. Therefore, in attempting to prevent reactivity-induced accidents, it is important for the criticality safety analyst to have a quantified degree of response for the neutron multiplication factor to perturbation in a given input parameter. This article will present the results of the perturbation of the parameters that are important to nuclear criticality safety analysis and their respective correlation equations for deriving the sensitivity coefficients.
Translating cancer genomes and transcriptomes for precision oncology
Authors: Roychowdhury Sameek , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular landscape of cancer has facilitated the development of diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for clinical oncology. Developments in next‐generation DNA sequencing technologies have increased the speed and reduced the cost of sequencing the nucleic acids of cancer cells. This has unlocked opportunities to characterize the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of cancer for basic science research through projects like The Cancer Genome Atlas. The cancer genome includes DNA‐based alterations, such as point mutations or gene duplications. The cancer transcriptome involves RNA‐based alterations, including changes in messenger RNAs. Together, the genome and transcriptome can provide a comprehensive view of an individual patient's cancer that is beginning to impact real‐time clinical decision‐making. The authors discuss several opportunities for translating this basic science knowledge into clinical practice, including a molecular classification of cancer, heritable risk of cancer, eligibility for targeted therapies, and the development of innovative, genomic‐based clinical trials. In this review, key applications and new directions are outlined for translating the cancer genome and transcriptome into patient care in the clinic. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;75–88. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Predictors of Transfer to Home Hemodialysis after Peritoneal Dialysis Completion
Authors: Nadeau-Fredette Annie-Claire , Hawley Carmel , Pascoe Elaine , Chan Christopher T. , Leblanc Martine , Clayton Philip A. , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Boudville Neil , Johnson David W. 
Published: November 2015

Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictors of transfer to home hemodialysis (HHD) after peritoneal dialysis (PD) completion. Methods All Australian and New Zealand patients treated with PD on day 90 after initiation of renal replacement therapy between 2000 and 2012 were included. Completion of PD was defined by death, transplantation, or hemodialysis (HD) for 180 days or more. Patients were categorized as “transferred to HHD” if they initiated HHD fewer than 180 days after PD had ended. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate predictors of transfer to HHD in a restricted cohort experiencing PD technique failure; a competing-risks analysis was used in the unrestricted cohort. Results Of 10 710 incident PD patients, 3752 died, 1549 underwent transplantation, and 2915 transferred to HD, among whom 156 (5.4%) started HHD. The positive predictors of transfer to HHD in the restricted cohort were male sex [odds ratio (OR): 2.81], obesity (OR: 2.20), and PD therapy duration (OR: 1.10 per year). Negative predictors included age (OR: 0.95 per year), infectious cause of technique failure (OR: 0.48), underweight (OR: 0.50), kidney disease resulting from hypertension (OR: 0.38) or diabetes (OR: 0.32), race being Maori (OR: 0.65) or Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (OR: 0.30). Comparable results were obtained with a competing-risks model. Conclusions Transfer to HHD after completion of PD is rare and predicted by patient characteristics at baseline and at the time of PD end. Transition to HHD should be considered more often in patients using PD, especially when they fulfill the identified characteristics.
The Influence of School Climate and Family Climate among Adolescents Victims of Cyberbullying
Authors: Ortega-Barón Jessica , Buelga-Vasquez Sofía , Cava-Caballero María Jesús 
Published: November 2015

Cyberbullying is a phenomenon of growing social concern that affects an increasing number of children and adolescents from all the developed countries. Although there is a large body of literature on the relationships between school bullying and the family and school contexts, few studies have examined the influence of these social environments on the problem of cyberbullying. Using a quantitative methodology, the main objective of this study was to analyse the influence of the school and family contexts on victims of cyberbullying. The sample consisted of 1,062 Spanish adolescents (51.5% boys and 48.5% girls) from 11 to 18 years old (M=14.5; SD=1.62). Three comparison groups were formed: severe cyberbullying victims, moderate cyberbullying victims, and non-victims of cyberbullying. The results of the analysis of variance indicated that severe cyberbullying victims, compared to non-victims, scored significantly higher on family conflict and obtained lower scores on the remaining family (family self-concept, cohesion and expressive¬ness) and school (involvement, affiliation, and teacher support) variables considered in the study. Regression analyses revealed that academic and family self-concept and some dimensions of family and school climate predict cyber-victimization in adolescence. These new results point to the importance of including the family and the school in cyberbullying prevention programs.El ciberacoso es un fenómeno de creciente preocupación social que afecta cada vez más a niños y adolescentes de todos los países desarrollados. A diferencia de la considerable literatura que hay sobre las relaciones entre el acoso escolar y el contexto familiar y escolar, todavía hay pocos trabajos sobre la influencia de estos entornos sociales en el problema del ciberacoso. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa, el objetivo principal del presente estudio fue analizar la influencia del contexto escolar y familiar en víctimas de ciberacoso. La muestra estuvo formada por 1.062 adolescentes (51,5% chicos y 48,5% chicas), de edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M=14,5; DT=1,62). Se establecieron tres grupos de contraste: cibervíctimas severas, cibervíctimas moderadas y no víctimas de ciberacoso. Los resultados del análisis de varianza indicaron que las cibervíctimas severas en comparación con las no víctimas puntúan significativamente más alto en conflicto familiar y obtienen puntuaciones más bajas en el resto de variables familiares (autoestima familiar, cohesión y expresividad), y variables escolares (implicación, afiliación y ayuda al profesor), consideradas en el estudio. Los análisis de regresión revelaron que la autoestima académica y familiar y algunas dimensiones del clima familiar y escolar predicen la cibervictimización en la adolescencia. Estos novedosos resultados muestran la importancia de incluir a la familia y a la escuela en los programas de prevención del ciberacoso.