bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety levels in clinically referred children and their parents: Examining the unique influence of self‐reported attachment styles and interview‐based reflective functioning in mothers and fathers
Authors: Esbjørn Barbara H. , Pedersen Signe H. , Daniel Sarah I. F. , Hald Helle H. , Holm Jon M. , Steele Howard 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveAlthough much is known about childhood anxiety disorders, the differential contributions by mothers and fathers to child anxiety is poorly understood. This study examined the relation between child anxiety and parental level of psychopathology, attachment style, and reflective functioning (RF).DesignThirty‐eight clinically anxious children aged 7–12 years (55.3% female) referred for treatment and their parents (37 mothers, 34 fathers) participated in the study.MethodReflective functioning was coded based on Adult Attachment Interviews. Self‐report questionnaires on attachment and psychopathology were administered.ResultsPaternal psychopathology, attachment avoidance, and attachment anxiety as well as maternal attachment anxiety were associated with child anxiety. Mothers had higher RF abilities than fathers. Lower levels of RF in mothers and higher levels of attachment avoidance in fathers explained 42% of the variance in anxiety levels of the child.ConclusionMothers and fathers may provide unique contributions to the development of child anxiety. The findings highlight the importance of considering fathers as well as mothers in research and treatment for childhood anxiety disorders.Practitioner points

Anxiety in children may be related to attachment avoidance in fathers and low levels of reflective functioning in mothers.

Fathers as well as mothers should be involved in research and treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.

The study is exploratory and findings must be replicated before firm conclusions can be drawn.

Data were derived from families whose children suffer from clinical levels of anxiety, and they may not be representative of non‐clinical samples.
Predicting relapse risk in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Teachey David T. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIntensive multi‐agent chemotherapy regimens and the introduction of risk‐stratified therapy have substantially improved cure rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Current risk allocation schemas are imperfect, as some children are classified as lower‐risk and treated with less intensive therapy relapse, while others deemed higher‐risk are probably over‐treated. Most cooperative groups previously used morphological clearance of blasts in blood and marrow during the initial phases of chemotherapy as a primary factor for risk group allocation; however, this has largely been replaced by the detection of minimal residual disease (MRD). Other than age and white blood cell count (WBC) at presentation, many clinical variables previously used for risk group allocation are no longer prognostic, as MRD and the presence of sentinel genetic lesions are more reliable at predicting outcome. Currently, a number of sentinel genetic lesions are used by most cooperative groups for risk stratification; however, in the near future patients will probably be risk‐stratified using genomic signatures and clustering algorithms, rather than individual genetic alterations. This review will describe the clinical, biological, and response‐based features known to predict relapse risk in childhood ALL, including those currently used and those likely to be used in the near future to risk‐stratify therapy.
Prolonged preoperative hospital stay is a risk factor for complications after emergency colectomy for severe colitis
Authors: Bartels S. A. L. , Gardenbroek T. J. , Bos L. , Ponsioen C. Y. , D'Haens G. R. A. M. , Tanis P. J. , Buskens C. J. , Bemelman W. A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimRisk factors for postoperative complications in patients undergoing emergency colectomy for severe colitis in inflammatory bowel disease have hardly been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to define predictors of a complicated postoperative course in these patients.MethodA retrospective review was performed of 71 consecutive patients who underwent emergency colectomy for severe colitis between 1999 and 2012 at a tertiary referral centre. Complications were graded according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. Patients with a complication Grade II or higher were compared with those with no complications or a Grade I complication.ResultsNineteen patients (26.7%) had at least one postoperative complication classified as Clavien–Dindo Grade II or higher. In the group with postoperative complications, patients had a higher age (mean 45 vs 35 years, P = 0.020) and a higher body mass index (BMI) (mean 25.9 vs 21.0 kg/m2, P = 0.006). Length of preoperative hospital stay (median 15 vs 6 days, P = 0.032) was longer in the group with postoperative complications. During the study period, the preoperative hospital stay decreased by 0.8 days per study year (95% CI 0.2–1.5 days, P < 0.001). This did not influence the complication rate over time, however.ConclusionFactors increasing the risk of complications after emergency colectomy for severe colitis were a higher age, a higher BMI and a longer preoperative hospital stay.
The importance of correcting for sampling bias in MaxEnt species distribution models
Authors: Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Niedballa Jürgen , Pilgrim John D. , Schröder Boris , Lindenborn Jana , Reinfelder Vanessa , Stillfried Milena , Heckmann Ilja , Scharf Anne K. , Augeri Dave M. , Cheyne Susan M. , Hearn Andrew J. , Ross Joanna , Macdonald David W. , Mathai John , Eaton James , Marshall Andrew J. , Semiadi Gono , Rustam Rustam , Bernard Henry , Alfred Raymond , Samejima Hiromitsu , Duckworth J. W. , Breitenmoser‐Wuersten Christine , Belant Jerrold L. , Hofer Heribert , Wilting Andreas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimAdvancement in ecological methods predicting species distributions is a crucial precondition for deriving sound management actions. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) models are a popular tool to predict species distributions, as they are considered able to cope well with sparse, irregularly sampled data and minor location errors. Although a fundamental assumption of MaxEnt is that the entire area of interest has been systematically sampled, in practice, MaxEnt models are usually built from occurrence records that are spatially biased towards better‐surveyed areas. Two common, yet not compared, strategies to cope with uneven sampling effort are spatial filtering of occurrence data and background manipulation using environmental data with the same spatial bias as occurrence data. We tested these strategies using simulated data and a recently collated dataset on Malay civet Viverra tangalunga in Borneo.LocationBorneo, Southeast Asia.MethodsWe collated 504 occurrence records of Malay civets from Borneo of which 291 records were from 2001 to 2011 and used them in the MaxEnt analysis (baseline scenario) together with 25 environmental input variables. We simulated datasets for two virtual species (similar to a range‐restricted highland and a lowland species) using the same number of records for model building. As occurrence records were biased towards north‐eastern Borneo, we investigated the efficacy of spatial filtering versus background manipulation to reduce overprediction or underprediction in specific areas.ResultsSpatial filtering minimized omission errors (false negatives) and commission errors (false positives). We recommend that when sample size is insufficient to allow spatial filtering, manipulation of the background dataset is preferable to not correcting for sampling bias, although predictions were comparatively weak and commission errors increased.Main ConclusionsWe conclude that a substantial improvement in the quality of model predictions can be achieved if uneven sampling effort is taken into account, thereby improving the efficacy of species conservation planning.
What is so tough about self‐monitoring of blood glucose? Perceived obstacles among patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Polonsky W. H. , Fisher L. , Hessler D. , Edelman S. V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsTo identify patient‐reported obstacles to self‐monitoring of blood glucose among those with Type 2, both insulin users and non‐insulin users, and to investigate how obstacles are associated with frequency of self‐monitoring and use of self‐monitoring data.MethodsPatients with Type 2 diabetes (n = 886, 65% insulin users) who attended a 1‐day diabetes education conference in cities across the USA completed a survey on current and recommended self‐monitoring of blood glucose frequency, how they used self‐monitoring results and perceived obstacles to self‐monitoring use. Exploratory factor analysis examined 12 obstacle items to identify underlying factors. Regression analyses examined associations between self‐monitoring of blood glucose use and the key obstacle factors identified in the exploratory factor analysis.ResultsThree obstacle factors emerged: Avoidance, Pointlessness and Burden. Avoidance was the only significant independent predictor of self‐monitoring frequency (β = −0.23, P < 0.001). Avoidance (β = −0.12, P < 0.01) and Pointlessness (β = −0.15, P < 0.001) independently predicted how often self‐monitoring data were shared with healthcare professionals and whether or not data were used to make management adjustments (Avoidance: odds ratio = 0.74, P < 0.001; Pointlessness: odds ratio = 0.75, P < 0.01). Burden was not associated with any of the self‐monitoring behavioural measures. Few differences between insulin users and non‐insulin users were noted.ConclusionsObstacles to self‐monitoring of blood glucose use, both practical and emotional, were common. Higher levels of Avoidance and Pointlessness, but not Burden, were associated with less frequent self‐monitoring use. Addressing patients' self‐monitoring‐related emotional concerns (Avoidance and Pointlessness) may be more beneficial in enhancing interest and engagement with self‐monitoring of blood glucose than focusing on day‐to‐day, behavioural issues (Burden).
Effect of diapause status and gender on activity, metabolism, and starvation resistance in the plant bug Lygus hesperus
Authors: Brent Colin S. , Klok C. Jaco , Naranjo Steven E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLygus hesperus Knight (Hemiptera: Miridae), a key pest species distributed throughout the western USA, survives winter in a state of diapause. A laboratory population was examined to elucidate the changes in behavior and physiology linked to this period of dormancy and to determine how these changes are affected by gender. It was found that under starvation conditions, diapausers lived significantly longer compared to non‐diapausers in both genders. This may be attributable to the greater lipid reserves that diapausers have compared to non‐diapausers. Diapausers also spent more time at rest and less time feeding than non‐diapausers. Gender did not impact these behaviors. There was no difference in resting metabolic rate or flight activity between diapausers and non‐diapausers, however, there were significant gender differences when the data were pooled. Males had higher resting metabolisms than females, whereas females spent more time flying. Collectively, these results point toward a higher degree of resource conservation in diapausers. These differences may enhance resistance to starvation and dehydration conditions that L. hesperus are likely to encounter while overwintering.
Factors affecting the perception of recovery quality in horses after anaesthesia
Authors: Farmer E. , Chase‐Topping M. , Lawson H. , Clutton R. E. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyA significant effect of gender, experience and background, i.e. an evaluator's relationship with horses as equine anaesthetists, orthopaedic surgeons, practitioners or owners, on perceptions of recovery quality after anaesthesia would reduce the validity of recovery quality scoring systems.ObjectivesTo determine the effects of evaluator background, experience and gender on their perceptions of recovery quality; and questionnaire response rate as a function of background.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of 440 potential evaluators were invited to evaluate the video‐recorded recoveries of 24 horses using a visual analogue scale (VAS) in which 0 = worst, 100 = best possible recovery. A mean score was generated for each of the 1–24 recoveries within each background group. These were compared usingSpearman's rank correlation. The effect of gender and experience onVASscores were analysed using an ordinal logistic regression after scores were categorised into ‘intermediate, ‘worst’ and ‘best’ recovery categories based on median, 25th and 75th percentileVASscores, respectively.ResultsThe overall response rate was 35%. The greatest was from the anaesthetists (78%) followed by surgeons (43%). The response rate among owners and practitioners was 26%. Correlation amongVASscores across all background groups was high (Spearman rank >0.90; P<0.001). Among the combined veterinarians, there was no significant gender (P = 0.551) or experience (P = 0.103) effect. Among horse owners, the effect of experience was not significant (P = 0.116) although gender was (P = 0.027). Male horse owners awarded significantly greater scores than females.ConclusionsWhenVASare used to grade recovery quality, neither the background nor the gender of veterinary evaluators affects quality perception. Male owners awarded greater scores than female owners, implying that they are less critical of recovery quality and a gender effect among horse owners must be considered whenVASare used to score recovery quality.
A practical guide for the study of human and murine sebaceous glands in situ
Authors: Hinde Eleanor , Haslam Iain S. , Schneider Marlon R. , Langan Ewan A. , Kloepper Jennifer E. , Schramm Carolin , Zouboulis Christos C. , Paus Ralf 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe skin of most mammals is characterised by the presence of sebaceous glands (SGs), whose predominant constituent cell population is sebocytes, that is, lipid‐producing epithelial cells, which develop from the hair follicle. Besides holocrine sebum production (which contributes 90% of skin surface lipids), multiple additional SG functions have emerged. These range from antimicrobial peptide production and immunomodulation, via lipid and hormone synthesis/metabolism, to the provision of an epithelial progenitor cell reservoir. Therefore, in addition to its involvement in common skin diseases (e.g. acne vulgaris), the unfolding diversity of SG functions, both in skin health and disease, has raised interest in this integral component of the pilosebaceous unit. This practical guide provides an introduction to SG biology and to relevant SG histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques, with emphasis placed on in situ evaluation methods that can be easily employed. We propose a range of simple, established markers, which are particularly instructive when addressing specific SG research questions in the two most commonly investigated species in SG research, humans and mice. To facilitate the development of reproducible analysis techniques for the in situ evaluation of SGs, this methods review concludes by suggesting quantitative (immuno‐)histomorphometric methods for standardised SG evaluation.
Expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are directly influenced by permeability barrier abrogation and inflammatory cytokines and depressed PPARα modulates expressions of chemokines and epidermal differentiation‐related molecules in keratinocytes
Authors: Adachi Yasuko , Hatano Yutaka , Sakai Takashi , Fujiwara Sakuhei 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that the activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) not only has positive effects on permeability barrier homoeostasis but also has anti‐inflammatory effects by an as yet unknown mechanism. Reduced expression of PPARα in lesion of human atopic dermatitis (AD) and in epidermis of murine AD‐like dermatitis has been demonstrated. This study revealed that expression of PPARα alone among PPARs (α, β/δ and γ) was suppressed by both permeability barrier abrogation and additional existence of Th2 cytokine in cultured normal human keratinocytes. In addition, expressions of transglutaminase 1 and loricrin and those of thymus and activation‐related chemokine and regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed in cultured human keratinocytes were reduced and enhanced, respectively, by transfection with siRNA for PPARα. In conclusion, depressed PPARα in keratinocytes might be involved in a relationship between permeability barrier abrogation and allergic inflammation and could be a therapeutic target which accounts for both the aspects in AD.
Lymphotoxin α induces apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory signals with the same potency as tumour necrosis factor
Authors: Etemadi Nima , Holien Jessica K. , Chau Diep , Dewson Grant , Murphy James M. , Alexander Warren S. , Parker Michael W. , Silke John , Nachbur Ueli 
Published: July 2013

Both of theTNFsuperfamily ligands,TNFandLTα, can bind and signal throughTNFR1 andTNFR2, yet mice mutant for each have different phenotypes. Part of this difference is becauseLTα but notTNFcan activate Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and also heterotrimerise withLTβ to activateLTβR, which is consistent with the similar phenotypes of theLTα andLTβR deficient mice. However, it has also been reported that the LTα3homotrimer signals differently thanTNFthroughTNFR1, and has unique roles in initiation and exacerbation of some inflammatory diseases. Our modeling of theTNF/TNFR1 interface compared to theLTα3/TNFR1 structure revealed some differences that could affect signalling by the two ligands. To determine whether there were any functional differences in the ability ofTNFandLTα3to induceTNFR1‐dependent apoptosis or necroptosis, and if there were different requirements for cIAPs and Sharpin to transmit theTNFR1 signal, we compared the ability of cells to respond toTNFandLTα3. Contrary to our hypothesis, we were unable to discover differences in signalling byTNFR1 in response toTNFandLTα3. Our results imply that the reasons for the conservation ofLTα are most likely due either to differential regulation, the ability to signal through Herpes Virus Entry Mediator or the ability ofLTα to form heterotrimers withLTβ.Structured digital abstractLT alphaphysically interactswithRIPK1andcIAP1bytandem affinity purification(View interaction)TNFandTNFbindbyblue native page(View interaction)LT alphaandLT alphabindbyblue native page(View interaction)TNFphysically interactswithcIAP1andRIPK1bytandem affinity purification(View interaction)
The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Short‐form Chronic Disease Self‐Efficacy Scales for older adults
Authors: Chow Susan Ka Yee , Wong Frances KY 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo examine the reliability and validity of theChinese version of theShort‐formChronicDiseaseSelfEfficacyScales.BackgroundThe prevalence of chronic disease is accelerating globally, advancing across every region and pervading all socioeconomic classes. Among the interventions, self‐management programmes focusing on increasing self‐efficacy have demonstrated significant patient outcomes, including the improvement of quality of life and functional status. TheChronicDiseaseSelf‐EfficacyScales (CDSES) system developed by Lorig in 1996 has been widely used by healthcare professionals from different disciplines to measure self‐efficacy for chronic disease patients due to their tested psychometric properties. The Short‐form of the scales system is used today, as it takes substantially less time to administer.DesignThis study used psychometric testing to establish the validity and reliability of theShort‐formChronicDiseaseSelf‐EfficacyScales (CDSES).MethodsA convenience sample of 163 older patients with chronic diseases were recruited. TheChinese version of theCDSES, short‐formCDSES,SF‐36 and self‐rated health were used to test for construct validity, concurrent validity, convergent validity and internal consistency.ResultsShort‐formCDSEShad a single‐factor structure with high internal consistency (0·96) and demonstrated no floor or ceiling effects. High intraclass correlation, 0·98, was demonstrated in test–retest. Correlations with the domain scores of theCDSESwere found to ber = 0·97 and 0·98. The scale also demonstrated significant moderate correlations withSF‐36 and self‐rated health.ConclusionTheChinese version of theShort‐formCDSEShas shown statistically acceptable levels of reliability and validity for assessing self‐efficacy in older patients with chronic diseases.Relevance to clinical practiceThe scale is particularly valuable for use among older patients with chronic illness. The questionnaire can be used to assess nursing interventions focusing on increasing patients' self‐efficacy or routine patient screening in carrying out daily activities.
Discussing sexual and relationship health with young people in a children's hospital: evaluation of a computer‐based resource
Authors: Bray Lucy , Sanders Caroline , McKenna Jacqueline 
Published: July 2013

Aims and objectivesTo investigate health professionals' evaluation of a computer‐based resource designed to improve discussions about sexual and relationship health with young people.BackgroundEvidence suggests that some health professionals can experience discomfort discussing sexual health and relationship issues with young people. Professionals within hospital settings should have the knowledge, competencies and skills to be able to ask young people sexual health questions and provide accurate sexual health education. Despite some educational material being available for community and adult services, there are no resources available, which are directly relevant to holding opportunistic discussions with young people within an acute children's hospital.DesignA descriptive survey design.MethodsOne hundred and fourteen health professionals from a children's hospital in the UK were involved in evaluating a computer‐based resource. All completed an online questionnaire survey comprising of closed and open questions.ResultsThe health professionals reported that the computer‐based resource had a positive influence on their knowledge and clinical practice. The videos as well as the concise nature of the resource were evaluated highly. Learning was facilitated by professionals being able to control their learning through rerunning and accessing the resource on numerous occasions.ConclusionsAn engaging, accessible computer‐based resource has the capability to positively impact on health professionals' knowledge of, and skills in, starting and holding sexual health conversations with young people accessing a children's hospital.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth professionals working with children and young people value accessible, relevant and short computer‐based training. This can facilitate knowledge and skill acquisition despite variation in working patterns. Improving the knowledge and skills of professionals working with young people to facilitate appropriate yet opportunistic sexual health discussions is important within the public health agenda.