bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking cardiac risk reduction after noncardiac surgery: The postoperative Carpe diem
Authors: Chopra Vineet , Eagle Kim A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPatients undergoing noncardiac surgery frequently experience major adverse cardiac events. As a significant proportion of these patients develop cardiac complications despite optimal use of preoperative clinical risk‐prediction algorithms, physicians have long searched for better methods of forecasting and ameliorating cardiac risk in this population. Recently, postoperative troponin levels have been found to be powerful and independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Importantly, the predictive properties of these markers outperform preoperative clinical risk‐prediction algorithms. We thus posit that the assessment of postoperative troponin represents an as yet untapped “golden opportunity” for cardiac risk reduction. As cardiac troponin isolates an unusually high‐risk subgroup, we outline a strategy that utilizes this marker to improve cardiac outcomes. Where pertinent, strengths and limitations of this approach are discussed and areas of uncertainty identified. As with all hypotheses, this proposition fuels many questions and calls for a research agenda dedicated to quantifying risk or benefit, and defining best practices. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Predicting bacteremia based on nurse‐assessed food consumption at the time of blood culture
Authors: Komatsu Takayuki , Onda Toshihito , Murayama Go , Yamanouchi Masashi , Inukai Minori , Sakai Ai , Kikuta Masumi , Branch Joel , Aoki Makoto , Tierney Lawrence M. , Inoue Kenji 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Bacteremia and its complications are important causes of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. However, the yield of blood cultures is relatively low, with many false‐positive results from bacterial contamination.METHODS:We investigated the relationship between patient food consumption and the presence of bacteremia. This was an observational analysis of a cohort of 1179 patients who underwent blood culture analysis between January 2005 and December 2009. Patients with anorexia‐inducing conditions, such as gastrointestinal illness and malignant disease treated with chemotherapy, were excluded. Food consumption was rated by nurses as the percentage of food consumed during the meal preceding the blood culture. Groupings were as follows: low consumption (<50%), moderate (>50% to <80%), and high (>80%).RESULTS:Low consumption was observed in 39.8% of patients, moderate in 17.8%, and high in 41.6%. The average body temperature was 38.1 ± 1.1°C. Bacteremia was present in 18.5%, 3.9%, and 1.4% of patients in the low, moderate, and high food consumption groups, respectively. The negative predictive value was 98.3%, suggesting that bacteremia is very unlikely in the setting of good food intake.CONCLUSION:Bacteremia is an unlikely occurrence in hospitalized patients who maintain adequate food consumption at the time of blood culture. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Multi‐system repeatability and reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient measurement using an ice‐water phantom
Authors: Malyarenko Dariya , Galbán Craig J. , Londy Frank J. , Meyer Charles R. , Johnson Timothy D. , Rehemtulla Alnawaz , Ross Brian D. , Chenevert Thomas L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine quantitative quality control procedures to evaluate technical variability in multi‐center measurements of the diffusion coefficient of water as a prerequisite to use of the biomarker apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in multi‐center clinical trials.Materials and Methods:A uniform data acquisition protocol was developed and shared with 18 participating test sites along with a temperature‐controlled diffusion phantom delivered to each site. Usable diffusion weighted imaging data of ice water at five b‐values were collected on 35 clinical MRI systems from three vendors at two field strengths (1.5 and 3 Tesla [T]) and analyzed at a central processing site.Results:Standard deviation of bore‐center ADCs measured across 35 scanners was <2%; error range: −2% to +5% from literature value. Day‐to‐day repeatability of the measurements was within 4.5%. Intra‐exam repeatability at the phantom center was within 1%. Excluding one outlier, inter‐site reproducibility of ADC at magnet isocenter was within 3%, although variability increased for off‐center measurements. Significant (>10%) vendor‐specific and system‐specific spatial nonuniformity ADC bias was detected for the off‐center measurement that was consistent with gradient nonlinearity.Conclusion:Standardization of DWI protocol has improved reproducibility of ADC measurements and allowed identifying spatial ADC nonuniformity as a source of error in multi‐site clinical studies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1238–1246. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tumor volume and subvolume concordance between FDG‐PET/CT and diffusion‐weighted MRI for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
Authors: Olsen Jeffrey R. , Esthappan Jacqueline , DeWees Todd , Narra Vamsi R. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Siegel Barry A. , Schwarz Julie K. , Grigsby Perry W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To compare [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) / positron emission tomography (PET) / computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluating patients with cervical cancer. We compared tumor characteristics on FDG‐PET and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps on diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) to evaluate concordance of two functional imaging techniques.Materials and Methods:Twenty women with cervical cancer underwent pretreatment FDG‐PET/CT and pelvic MRI. Images were rigidly fused by pelvic anatomy using coregistration software. Tumor contours on PET images were generated by autosegmentation of the region containing at least 40% of the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV). DWI contours were generated by manual segmentation. Tumor volume similarity was evaluated using the [PET]/[ADC] volume proportion, Dice's coefficient, and the mean SUV isothreshold at the surface of each ADC contour. Tumor subvolume similarity was evaluated with analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results:The [PET]/[ADC] volume proportion was 0.88 ± 0.14. Dice's coefficient between PET and ADC tumor contours was 0.76 ± 0.06. The mean SUV isothreshold at the ADC‐delineated tumor surface was 34 ± 4%. Subvolumes with increased metabolic activity on FDG‐PET also had more restricted diffusion on DWI (P < 0.0001, ANOVA).Conclusion:Concordance of functional imaging was observed between FDG‐PET and DWI for cervical cancer. Tumor subvolumes with increased metabolic activity on FDG‐PET also have greater cell density by DWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:431–434. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Switching to darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg once‐daily containing regimen maintains virological control in fully suppressed pre‐treated patients infected with HIV‐1
Authors: Ghosn Jade , Slama Laurence , Chermak Aziza , Houssaini Allal , Lambert‐Niclot Sidonie , Schneider Luminita , Fourn Erwan , Duvivier Claudine , Simon Anne , Courbon Eve , Murphy Robert , Flandre Philippe , Peytavin Gilles , Katlama Christine ,   for the RADAR Study Group
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the switch to once‐daily darunavir/ritonavir 800/100 mg in treatment‐experienced patients with suppressed HIV‐1 replication on a twice‐daily ritonavir‐boosted protease‐inhibitor (bid PI/r) containing regimen, that is in a setting where genotypic resistance test cannot be performed. In this open label, non‐comparative, multicenter study, patients on a bid PI/r‐containing triple combination, with suppressed viral replication, were switched to once‐daily darunavir/r 800/100 mg containing triple combination. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with plasma HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/ml 24 weeks after the switch. Intensive darunavir pharmacokinetic evaluation was performed at Week 4 (W4) in 11 patients. Eighty‐five patients were enrolled. All had HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/ml at screening with a pre‐exposure to a median of 2 PI/r (1–5). By intent‐to‐treat analysis (missing = failure), 78/85 patients (92%, 95% CI [83;96]) maintained an HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/ml at W24. Seven patients experienced protocol‐defined treatment failure between baseline and W24: Two had confirmed low‐level viral rebound, one discontinued study treatment for adverse event, three withdrew their consent, and one was lost to follow‐up. By on‐treatment analysis, 78/80 patients (97%, 95% CI [91;99]) maintained an HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/ml at W24. Results were similar at Week 48. The median area under the darunavir plasma concentration–time curve measured in 11 patients was 61,380 ng hr/ml; darunavir median trough concentration 1,340 ng/ml and darunavir half‐life was 12.2 hr. Tolerability of once‐daily darunavir/r 800/100 mg was excellent. Optimally suppressed, treatment‐experienced patients can switch safely from a twice‐daily PI/r regimen to a once‐daily darunavir/r 800/100 mg containing regimen. J. Med. Virol. 85:8–15, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal correspondence between pluvial lake highstands in the southwestern US and Heinrich Event 1
Authors: Munroe Jeffrey S. , Laabs Benjamin J. C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPluvial lakes were abundant in the southwestern United States during Pleistocene glaciations, particularly in the Great Basin. Many of these lakes occupied closed basins; therefore, fluctuations of their water surface elevations are valuable sources of paleoclimate information. Histories of the largest lakes are well constrained, whereas dozens of smaller lakes that were present in this region have received relatively little scientific attention. Given their dimensions, these smaller lakes were climatically sensitive and can offer important information about Quaternary climate variability. Here we present new ages for the highstands of three previously undated small lakes based on radiocarbon dating of gastropod shells recovered from beach ridges. These results are combined with other published and unpublished 14C ages to yield an extensive compilation of highstand shoreline ages for lakes of all sizes throughout the southwestern US. The results indicate that although some lakes reached highstands during the Last Glacial Maximum, the strongest temporal correspondence is between highstands and Heinrich Event H1. These results are consistent with speleothem‐based reconstructions of effective moisture in the southwestern US, which show increased precipitation during stadials of the last glacial cycle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Readability analysis of healthcare‐oriented education resources from the american academy of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery
Authors: Misra Poonam , Agarwal Nitin , Kasabwala Khushabu , Hansberry David R. , Setzen Michael , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Deficient health literacy remains a widespread public issue. As such, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) recommends that all patient resources should be written around a sixth‐grade level. The authors evaluate healthcare‐oriented resources specified for patient use on the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS) Web site in order to identify potential areas of improvement and highlight those sections that may serve as paradigms for future revisions.Study Design:Descriptive and correlational design.Methods:Seventeen healthcare‐oriented resources specifically for patients were downloaded in February 2012 from the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Web site. Readability assessments of each article were performed using Readability Studio Professional Edition Version 2012.1. These tests included the Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level, SMOG Grading, Coleman‐Liau Index, Gunning‐Fog Index, the New Fog Count, the New Dale‐Chall Readability Formula, FORCAST formula, Raygor Readability Estimate, and the Fry Graph.Results:Patient health education material found on the AAFPRS Web site has been found to be written at an average grade level of 12th grade using 10 different readability scales.Conclusions:Modifications of the patient education section of the AAFPRS Web site can increase the readability of the literature, and allow greater comprehension among a wider audience. Laryngoscope, 2013
Rapid 3D‐imaging of phosphocreatine recovery kinetics in the human lower leg muscles with compressed sensing
Authors: Parasoglou Prodromos , Feng Li , Xia Ding , Otazo Ricardo , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis following physical exercise is an accepted index of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and has been studied extensively with unlocalized 31P‐MRS methods and small surface coils. Imaging experiments using volume coils that measure several muscles simultaneously can provide new insights into the variability of muscle function in healthy and diseased states. However, they are limited by long acquisition times relative to the dynamics of PCr recovery. This work focuses on the implementation of a compressed sensing technique to accelerate imaging of PCr resynthesis following physical exercise, using a modified three‐dimensional turbo‐spin‐echo sequence and principal component analysis as sparsifying transform. The compressed sensing technique was initially validated using 2‐fold retrospective undersampling of fully sampled data from four volunteers acquired on a 7T MRI system (voxel size: 1.6 mL, temporal resolution: 24 s), which led to an accurate estimation of the mono‐exponential PCr resynthesis rate constant (mean error <6.4%). Acquisitions with prospective 2‐fold acceleration (temporal resolution: 12 s) demonstrated that three‐dimensional mapping of PCr resynthesis is possible at a temporal resolution that is sufficiently high for characterizing the recovery curve of several muscles in a single measurement. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐step solution for QoS management in wireless mesh networks
Authors: Asgari Abolghasem (Hamid) , Stansfield Edward V. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYWireless mesh networks (WMNs) as community‐ and city‐wide type networks are required to extend their capability to offer real‐time multimedia services. While technologies exist to support quality of service (QoS) at node level, we propose here a network‐wide multi‐step solution to manage and offer QoS across a WMN. From a provider perspective, the provisioning and fulfillment of QoS‐based services fall under the realms of service management, network and traffic engineering functions. We describe the relevant functions required to design, implement and operate a WMN for providing a qualitative QoS to end‐users. Our proposed solution considers network planning aspects, including node placement, node clustering and frequency assignments, route discovery between ingress–egress points and appropriate QoS provisioning across the network. Route‐level QoS provisioning is defined as the process of allocating resources to the nodes along the identified routes to meet a priori known aggregated traffic demands in order to satisfy the QoS requirements for different types of application. Simulation and experimental tests are conducted to validate the correct behavior of processes/algorithms and to access the solution in achieving QoS for aggregate user traffic. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choice as a Strategy to Enhance Engagement in a Colouring Task in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Lough Christine L. , Rice Martin S. , Lough Larry G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of choice on a colouring task in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Children with ASD typically have difficulty engaging in purposeful activities, which makes progress toward skill development difficult in therapeutic or educational settings. Participants included 26 male and female children with ASD, aged 8 to 15 years. In this counterbalanced design, participants either chose which picture to colour or were given a picture to colour. When given a choice, participants spent more time colouring (p = 0.005) and used more coloured markers (p = 0.016), but did not colour more of the page (p = 498). This study demonstrated that when offering a choice in a colouring activity, children with ASD participated and engaged in the colouring task for a longer period of time and used a larger array of markers while doing so. However, associated small effect sizes require caution with generalization. Future research should focus upon offering choice with other age‐appropriate activities to determine its efficacy as a useful strategy for facilitating activity engagement for children with ASD. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and chemical microenvironmental cues orthogonally control the degree and duration of fibrosis‐associated epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions
Authors: Brown Ashley C , Fiore Vincent F , Sulchek Todd A , Barker Thomas H 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIncreased tissue stiffness and epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) are two seemingly discrete hallmarks of fibrotic diseases. Despite recent findings highlighting the influence of tissue mechanical properties on cell phenotype, it remains unclear what role increased tissue stiffness has in the regulation of previously reported fibronectin‐mediated EMTs associated with pulmonary fibrosis. Nano‐indentation testing of lung interstitial spaces showed that in vivo cell‐level Young's moduli increase with the onset of fibrosis from ∼2 to ∼17 kPa. In vitro, we found that stiff, but not soft, fibronectin substrates induce EMT, a response dependent on cell contraction‐mediated integrin activation of TGFβ. Activation or suppression of cell contractility with exogenous factors was sufficient to overcome the effect of substrate stiffness. Pulse‐chase experiments indicate that the effect of cell contractility is dose‐ and time‐dependent. In response to low levels of TGFβ on soft surfaces, either added exogenously or produced through thrombin‐induced contraction, cells will initiate the EMT programme, but upon removal revert to an epithelial phenotype. These results identify matrix stiffness and/or cell contractility as critical targets for novel therapeutics for fibrotic diseases.
The use of palliative chemotherapy in pediatric oncology patients: A national survey of pediatric oncologists
Authors: Kang Tammy I. , Hexem Kari , Localio Russell , Aplenc Richard , Feudtner Chris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundMany children continue receiving chemotherapy after there is no realistic hope for cure. One factor that influences parental decisions to pursue medical therapies is physician preference. To date, no studies have described pediatric oncologists' perspectives and practices regarding palliative chemotherapy (PC).ProcedureWe surveyed via email pediatric oncologists practicing in the U.S who are members of the Children's Oncology Group to achieve the following objectives: (1) Describe pediatric oncologists treatment considerations regarding the use of PC. (2) Assess treatment considerations that influenced pediatric oncologists' therapy recommendations for their most recent patient receiving PC. There were 422 participants (40.8%) who completed the survey.ResultsThe most important factors considered by pediatric oncologists when prescribing PC were the toxicity of the chemotherapy (4.90 mean SD = 0.36 utilizing 5 point scale with 1 = not important to 5 = very important), the preferences of the family (4.57; SD = 0.60), and the potential to decrease symptoms arising from tumor burden (4.42; SD = 0.65). These treatment considerations were not as important when PC was prescribed for their most recent patient. Similarly, the chief aims in prescribing PC were not achieved for recent patients receiving PC. For their most recent patient who received PC, 40.8% believe this treatment was primarily for parental wishes.ConclusionAccording to 80.2% of pediatric oncologists completing the survey, some patients receive chemotherapy beyond medical benefit and 40.8% of these oncologists have prescribed PC for the purpose of parental wishes to a recent patient. The chief aims in prescribing palliative chemotherapy were not achieved for recent patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 88–94. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New health conditions identified at a regional childhood cancer survivor clinic visit
Authors: Staba Hogan Mary‐Jane , Ma Xiaomei , Kadan‐Lottick Nina S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSpecialty childhood cancer survivorship clinics have been established to screen for potential treatment‐related effects. Given the limited empirical data regarding the merit of survivorship clinics, we assessed the frequencies of newly identified, therapy‐related effects in survivors who attended Health, Education, Research, Outcomes for Survivors (HEROS) clinic at Yale during 2003–2009.ProcedureA total of 213 survivors in remission, who were diagnosed with cancer at an age ≤21 years and were ≥3 years after cancer diagnosis, underwent screening based on cancer treatment exposures according to the children's oncology group long‐term follow‐up guidelines. The frequencies and associated factors of newly identified health conditions were determined. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariate regression models with stepwise selection.ResultsPrior to the HEROS clinic visit, 49% of patients had at least one previously known late complication of therapy. After the visit, a total of 98 new health conditions were identified in 73 patients (34%). Newly identified complications in screened patients included pulmonary dysfunction (23%), endocrinopathy (19%), osteoporosis (17%), dyslipidemia (8%), neurologic impairment (4%), cardiovascular deficit (3%) and subsequent cancer (3%). Age at cancer diagnosis (OR = 1.06 [1.00–1.11]), chest irradiation (OR = 2.92 [1.58–5.40]), and history of ≥1 other treatment‐related complication(s) (OR = 2.20 [1.18–4.07]) were associated with a higher likelihood of having new conditions identified.ConclusionRisk‐based screening at a specialty childhood cancer survivor clinic detected a substantial number of previously unrecognized, treatment‐related health complications in a group of survivors already receiving regular medical care elsewhere. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 682–687. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of β‐nucleation on polymorphism and properties in random copolymers and terpolymers of propylene
Authors: Benavente Rosario , Caveda Susana , Pérez Ernesto , Blazquez Enrique , Peña Begoña , Grieken Rafael van , Suárez Inmaculada 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe competition between α, β, and γ polymorphs has been studied in several random copolymers and terpolymers of propylene, by performing X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Formation of β‐crystals, achieved by the addition of a β‐nucleating agent, was found to be highly dependent on comonomer type and crystallization conditions. Additionally, the mechanical properties have been evaluated from stress‐strain, microhardness and dynamic‐mechanical thermal analyses. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers