bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auditors' Risk Assessments: The Effects of Elicitation Approach and Assertion Framing
Authors: Mock Theodore J. , Fukukawa Hironori 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
This experimental study replicates, using U.S. audit practionioners, Fukukawa and Mock (2011), who investigated the effects of probability-based versus belief-based risk assessments and positive versus negative assertions on auditor judgments. Most results are consistent with the prior study: (1) significant differences between probability-based and belief-based risk assessments are observed; (2) assessed risks are significantly higher and relatively more skeptical when negatively versus positively stated assertions are provided; and (3) when the belief-based assessments are transformed into probabilities using a method proposed by Cobb and Shenoy (2006) and compared with the probability-based risk assessments, the difference is not statistically significant. Some results do not replicate, particularly when the risk assessments after audit evidence is provided are examined. However, in general, the U.S. results are more consistent with expectations. Overall, this study corroborates the key results of Fukukawa and Mock (2011).
Data Availability: Contact the first author for data for use by others interested in extending or replicating results.
Predictor variables for and complications associated with Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection in horses
Authors: Duffee Lauren R. , Stefanovski Darko , Boston Raymond C. , Boyle Ashley G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate predictor variables for and complications associated with Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection (strangles) in horses.
Design—Retrospective case-control study.
Animals—108 horses with strangles (cases) and 215 horses without strangles (controls).
Procedures—Medical records from January 2005 through July 2012 were reviewed. Cases were defined as horses with clinical signs of strangles (pyrexia, retropharyngeal lymphadenopathy, and mucopurulent nasal discharge) that were associated with a confirmed strangles outbreak or had positive results for S equi on PCR assay or bacteriologic culture. Controls were defined as horses with pyrexia that did not meet the other criteria for cases. Data compared between cases and controls included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, and disease complications and outcome. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with strangles and its complications.
Results—Clinical signs of strangles were not evident in 12 of 25 cases classified as S equi carriers (infected > 40 days). Predictor variables associated with strangles included mucopurulent nasal discharge and external abscesses in the pharyngeal region. Strangles was more likely to be diagnosed in the spring than in the summer. Cases with anemia were more likely to develop purpura hemorrhagica than were cases without anemia. No risk factors were identified for the development of guttural pouch empyema or metastatic abscesses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that not all horses infected with S equi develop clinical signs of strangles. We recommend that guttural pouch endoscopy and lavage with PCR assay of lavage fluid samples be performed to identify S equi carrier horses.
Impact of curved shaped energy dissipaters downstream of head structures on both water energy dissipation and irrigation water quality
Authors: Ashour Mohamed A. , Sayed Tarek , El-Attar Salah 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Using energy dissipaters on the soled aprons downstream of head structures is the main technique for accelerating hydraulic jump formation and dissipating a great amount of the residual harmful kinetic energy occurring downstream of head structures. In this paper, an experimental study was conducted to investigate some untested shapes of curved dissipaters with different angles of curvature and arrangements from two points of view. The first is to examine its efficiency in dissipating the kinetic water energy. The second is to examine the most effective shape and arrangement obtained from the aforementioned step in enriching the flow with dissolved oxygen for enhancement of the irrigation water quality. The study was held in the irrigation and hydraulic laboratory of the Civil Department, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, using a movable bed tilting channel 20 m long, 30 cm wide, and 50 cm high, using 21 types of curved dissipaters with different arrangements. A total of 660 runs were carried out. Results were analysed, tabulated and graphically presented, and new formulas were introduced to estimate the energy dissipation ratio, as well as the DO concentrations. Results in general showed that the dissipater performance is more tangible in dissipating the residual energy when the curvature is in the opposite direction to that of the flow. Also, the energy loss ratio increases with an increase in curvature angle (θ), until it reaches (θ = 120°), then it decreases again. The study also showed that using three rows of dissipaters give nearly the same effect as using four rows, concerning both the relative energy dissipation and dissolved oxygen content. So, it is recommended to use three rows of the curved dissipater with the angle of curvature (θ = 120°) in the opposite direction to that of the flow to obtain the maximum percentage of water energy dissipation downstream of head structures, and maximum dissolved oxygen content too
Shunting in cryptococcal meningitis
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Atmar Robert L. , Gopinath Shankar P. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Patients with cryptococcal meningitis often develop symptomatic intracranial hypertension. The need for permanent CSF diversion in these cases remains unclear.

METHODS
Cases of cryptococcal meningitis over a 5-year period were reviewed from a single, large teaching hospital. Sources of identification included ICD-9 codes, operative logs, and microscopy laboratory records.

RESULTS
Fifty cases of cryptococcal meningitis were identified. Ninety-eight percent (49/50) of patients were HIV positive. Opening pressure on initial lumbar puncture diagnosing cryptococcal meningitis was elevated (> 25 cm H2O) in 33 cases and normal (≤ 25 cm H2O) in 17 cases. Thirty-eight patients ultimately developed elevated opening pressure over a follow-up period ranging from weeks to years.
Serial lumbar punctures for relief of intracranial hypertension were performed in 29 cases. Thirteen of these patients ultimately had shunting procedures performed after failing to improve clinically. Two factors were significantly associated with the need for shunting: patients undergoing shunt placement were more likely to be women (5/13 vs 0/16; p = 0.01) and to have a pattern of increasing CSF cryptococcal antigen (10/13 vs 3/16 cases; p = 0.003). All patients re-presenting with mycological relapse either underwent or were offered shunt placement.

CONCLUSIONS
Neurosurgeons are often asked to consider CSF diversion in cases of cryptococcal meningitis complicated by intracranial hypertension. Most patients do well with serial lumbar punctures combined with antifungal therapy. When required, shunting generally provided sustained relief from intracranial hypertension symptoms. Ventriculoperitoneal shunts are the favored method of diversion. To the authors’ knowledge, the present study is the largest series on diversionary shunts in primarily HIV-positive patients with this problem.
Treatment of isolated cervical facet fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Kepler Christopher K. , Vaccaro Alexander R. , Chen Eric , Patel Alpesh A. , Ahn Henry , Nassr Ahmad , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Harrop James , Schroeder Gregory D. , Agarwala Amit , Dvorak Marcel F. , Fourney Daryl R. , Wood Kirkham B. , Traynelis Vincent C. , Yoon S. Tim , Fehlings Michael G. , Aarabi Bizhan 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
In this clinically based systematic review of cervical facet fractures, the authors’ aim was to determine the optimal clinical care for patients with isolated fractures of the cervical facets through a systematic review.

METHODS
A systematic review of nonoperative and operative treatment methods of cervical facet fractures was performed. Reduction and stabilization treatments were compared, and analysis of postoperative outcomes was performed. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were used. This work was supported through support received from the Association for Collaborative Spine Research and AOSpine North America.

RESULTS
Eleven studies with 368 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-six patients had bilateral isolated cervical facet fractures and 322 had unilateral isolated cervical facet fractures. Closed reduction was successful in 56.4% (39 patients) and 63.8% (94 patients) of patients using a halo vest and Gardner-Wells tongs, respectively. Comparatively, open reduction was successful in 94.9% of patients (successful reduction of open to closed reduction OR 12.8 [95% CI 6.1–26.9], p < 0.0001); 183 patients underwent internal fixation, with an 87.2% success rate in maintaining anatomical alignment. When comparing the success of patients who underwent anterior versus posterior procedures, anterior approaches showed a 90.5% rate of maintenance of reduction, compared with a 75.6% rate for the posterior approach (anterior vs posterior OR 3.1 [95% CI 1.0–9.4], p = 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
In comparison with nonoperative treatments, operative treatments provided a more successful outcome in terms of failure of treatment to maintain reduction for patients with cervical facet fractures. Operative treatment appears to provide superior results to the nonoperative treatments assessed.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for metastasis to the craniovertebral junction preserves spine stability and offers symptomatic relief
Authors: Azad Tej D. , Esparza Rogelio , Chaudhary Navjot , Chang Steven D. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Metastatic disease to the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is rare but presents unique management challenges. To date, studies on using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for CVJ metastases have been limited to case reports and small case series. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the utility of SRS in the management of these secondary lesions.

METHODS
Clinical and radiological information from the charts of 25 patients with metastatic disease of the CVJ who were treated with SRS between 2005 and 2013 at the Stanford CyberKnife Center were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTS
Seven male and 18 female patients with a median age of 58 years (range 34–94 years) were identified. The most common primary tumors were breast cancer (n = 5) and non-small cell lung cancer (n = 5), and the most frequent symptom was neck pain (n = 17). The average tumor volume treated was 15.9 cm3 (range 0.16–54.1 cm3), with a mean marginal radiation dose of 20.3 Gy (range 15–25.5 Gy). The median follow-up was 18 months (range 1–81 months), though 1 patient was lost to follow-up.
SRS provided radiographic tumor stability in over 80% of patients, offered pain alleviation in nearly two-thirds of patients, and produced no serious complications. Moreover, SRS preserved spinal stability in all but 1 patient, in whom pre-SRS stability was established. There was no evidence of radiation toxicity in the patient population. Median survival was 28 months (range 2–81 months), with survival of 13.3% at 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
In the absence of unstable pathological fracture and spinal cord compression, metastatic tumors of the CVJ can be safely and effectively treated with SRS. This treatment option offers palliative pain relief and can halt tumor progression with only a low risk of complications or spinal instability.
Rank‐based characterization of pollen assemblages collected by honey bees using a multi‐locus metabarcoding approach
Authors: Richardson Rodney T. , Lin Chia‐Hua , Quijia Juan O. , Riusech Natalia S. , Goodell Karen , Johnson Reed M. 
Published: October 2015

Premise of the study:Difficulties inherent in microscopic pollen identification have resulted in limited implementation for large‐scale studies. Metabarcoding, a relatively novel approach, could make pollen analysis less onerous; however, improved understanding of the quantitative capacity of various plant metabarcode regions and primer sets is needed to ensure that such applications are accurate and precise.Methods and Results:We applied metabarcoding, targeting the ITS2, matK, and rbcL loci, to characterize six samples of pollen collected by honey bees, Apis mellifera. Additionally, samples were analyzed by light microscopy. We found significant rank‐based associations between the relative abundance of pollen types within our samples as inferred by the two methods.Conclusions:Our findings suggest metabarcoding data from plastid loci, as opposed to the ribosomal locus, are more reliable for quantitative characterization of pollen assemblages. Furthermore, multilocus metabarcoding of pollen may be more reliable than single‐locus analyses, underscoring the need for discovering novel barcodes and barcode combinations optimized for molecular palynology.
Integrating Mental Health Concepts in the Care of Adults With Chronic Illnesses: A Curricular Enhancement
Authors: Hendrix Cristina C. , Pereira Katherine , Bowers Margaret , Brown Jennifer , Eisbach Shelly , Briggs Melvania E. , Fitzgerald Kathleen , Matters Loretta , Luddy Cindy , Braxton Loretta 
Published: October 2015

Background:
In the United States, inadequate attention has been given to the mental health needs of chronically ill adults, and the attempts to integrate mental health in primary care have fallen short.

Method:
This article describes the beginning efforts of the faculty at Duke University School of Nursing to integrate mental health concepts into its adult–gerontological nurse practitioner and family nurse practitioner curricula.

Results:
Competency and course content mapping activities revealed opportunities for mental health enhancement. Five mental health concepts were identified for module development: spectrum of emotions, validation skills, self-management, resilience, and diversity. Mental health modules will be integrated in the nurse practitioner Physical Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning course, as well as in various clinical courses.

Conclusion:

Challenges and lessons learned, including efforts to foster active interprofessional learning among medical, physician assistant, and nurse practitioner students, are described. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(11):645–649.]
Connecting Theory to Practice: Using Guided Questions to Standardize Clinical Postconference
Authors: Harvey Giuliana 
Published: October 2015

Background:
Assisting nursing students with the integration of theoretical knowledge in the practice setting can be a challenge for clinical instructors. Clinical instructors using planned questions to guide discussion among students during postconference is one method that can be used to achieve this goal. Open-ended guided questions that deliberately address and synthesize classroom knowledge during postconference discussions are advantageous to both students and clinical instructors.

Method:
The purpose of this article is to describe the process of standardizing the weekly postconference by deliberately integrating questions within a second-year nursing clinical course at a Canadian university.

Results:
In this course, the guided questions provided clinical instructors who facilitated the postconferences with an opportunity to enhance their own level of comprehension and currency in various subject areas, as well as evaluate students’ critical thinking and knowledge gaps.

Conclusion:

Understanding the nursing curriculum and providing clinical instructors with the appropriate skills to facilitate postconference discussions were paramount to the success of these standardized postconferences.
[J Nurs Educ
. 2015;54(11):655–658.]
Study of antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of grapevine seeds, grape and rosehip pressing
Authors: Jakubcová Zuzana , Horky Pavel , Dostalova Lenka , Sochor Jiri , Tomaskova Lenka , Baron Mojmir , Kalhotka Libor , Zeman Ladislav 
Published: October 2015

In our experiment, we studied the antimicrobial and antioxidative effect of phytogenic additives. Three additives (grapevine seeds, grape and rosehip pressings) were selected to be monitored. The extracts about concentrations of 1:3 and 1:5 were prepared from them. The monitoring of antimicrobial properties was focused on the pathogenic bacteria Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli causing a serious disease in avian species. The bacteria were prepared in the dilutions of 102, 104 and 106. The antimicrobial effect was observed in the inhibition zones. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH method within the antioxidant analysis. Furthermore, the content of flavanols, hydroxycinnamic acids and the total content of polyphenolic compounds was also determined. In the monitoring of the antimicrobial effect of grapevine seeds, grape and rosehip pressings at E. coli, a reduced growth of KTJ (colony forming units) was observed in the disk area during the dilution of 106 and 104. Reduced growth of C. perfringens at a dilution of 106 was noticed using the extracts of grapevine seeds and grape pressings. Low reduced growth of C. perfringens at a dilution of 106 was found out using rosehip pressings. In a dilution of 102 and 104 in C. perfringens and 102 in E. Coli, a very low increase of KTJ was observed therefore the zones of inhibition were not possible to measure. In all monitored additives, the antimicrobial effect was proved. The additives reduced the growth of pathogenic E. coli and C. perfringens. Within the antioxidant analysis, the highest antioxidant activity was found out in grapevine seeds (7.021 g.L-1 GAE), which also contained the highest content of flavanols (3000 times higher than the rosehip pressings and 300 times higher than grapevine seeds pressings), hydroxycinnamic acids (1000 times higher than in grape pressings and 7600 times higher than in rosehip pressings) and the total content of polyphenolic compounds (580 times higher than grape pressings and 2000 times higher than the rosehip pressings) of the monitored additives.
Between Heroization and Martyrology: The Second World War in Selected Museums in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Wnuk Rafał , Majewski Piotr M. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This text describes eight selected museums in Central and Eastern Europe dealing with the memory of the Second World War. They represent different perspectives and tendencies. The Soviet or post- Soviet approach to the topic in Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine has been confronted with the new immersive narratives developed in Poland and Lithuania and with some Polish and Czech martyrological museums protecting sites of the Holocaust or other mass murders committed during the war. The authors compare results of their analysis with the concept of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk, Poland, a creation in which they are taking part.
Joseph Retinger’s Vision of United Europe after World War II: Central and Eastern European Question
Authors: Pieczewski Andrzej 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The goal of this article is to highlight Joseph (in Polish Józef) Retinger’s ideas and concepts of a united Europe after World War II. Retinger was a Polish politician and advisor to Prime Minister Władysław Sikorski. After the war, he remained in exile and became one of the most significant builders of a united Europe. Though working in the West, he had not forgotten about Poland and other countries in Eastern Europe. He believed that Western Europe should not forget the countries behind the Iron Curtain and that they should be included in the trend toward integration as soon as they gained their freedom. Retinger maintained that Poland, just like the other countries in Central and Eastern Europe, could not remain independent other than within wider integrating structures. Thus he promoted the construction of European unity and created Central and Eastern European Commission of European Movement (1947–73). He fully realized that, without radical political changes in the East, the freedom of the countries as well as the prospect of the continent’s unity were far away. Still, he preferred to advocate closing the gap rather than isolation of the countries under Soviet domination. Wherever possible, the commission would take initiatives meant to develop economic and cultural cooperation, as this was, in its view, the way to transpose the ideas of freedom and unity to communist countries. Simultaneously, Western politicians and public opinion in the West were reminded of the true aspirations of the states behind the Iron Curtain. It was stressed that satellite countries, as soon as they regained their freedom, had to have an “open door” to integration with Western Europe. For over twenty years of its existence, the commission had many active and influential members and did a lot of valuable work in support of a united Europe. It operated and succeeded mostly thanks to its originator, Józef Retinger, and, after his death, to Jan Pomian
John Paul II’s Social and Political Doctrine: Lessons for Contemporary Poland
Authors: Spinello Richard A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the well- grounded social philosophy of Pope John Paul II and its implications for the problems facing modern Poland. The pope’s rights- centered personalism and moral realism, along with his confidence in personal freedom and his endorsement of entrepreneurial capitalism represent sound guiding principles for Poland’s economic and social policies. John Paul II never accepted the “inevitability” of communism and always remained confident that human beings create their own history. While arguing for an instrumental role for the state the pope nonetheless recognized its essential responsibility for curbing the excesses of the market. In addition, the paper explores John Paul II’s insistence on the linkage between justice and mercy, and it contends that mercy might help the Polish people to finally forget and forgive what cannot be reversed. By following the pope’s social doctrine Poland might be able to avoid the economic reductionism that plagues many capitalist societies, while also avoiding the inertia of socialism.
Developing the Mathematics Learning Management Model for Improving Creative Thinking In Thailand
Authors: Sriwongchai Arunee 
Published: October 2015

<p>The study purposes were : 1) To study current states and problems of relevant secondary students in developing mathematics learning management model for improving creative thinking, 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of model about : a) efficiency of learning process, b) comparisons of pretest and posttest on creative thinking and achievement of students, and c) comparison of creative thinking and achievement between experimental group and control group. The model was created and implemented with grade eight students of secondary schools, in Thailand, and compared with control group, provided in traditional approach.</p> <p>The research results were :</p> <ul><li>Most of relevant teachers didn’t concentrate in mathematics learning for improving creative thinking, and lacked of using strategies to engage divergent thinking. The model was designed through methodology of R&amp;D, which composed of : 1) principles and theoretical concepts, 2) learning objectives, 3) learning process, 4) social system, 5) principles of response, 6) the support system. Whereas, the activities in learning process consisted of 1) engagement and understanding prior knowledge, 2) encounter problem with thoughtful thinking, 3) analyzing alternative and investigating solutions, 4) modifying of thinking pattern, 5) concluding and evaluating for creative thinking. </li></ul> The findings indicated that effectiveness of model based on achievement score was 76.25%, and based on creative thinking was 61.67%. The average posttest in learning achievement and creative thinking abilities of the experimental group were higher than pretest, and experimental group showed higher of creative thinking than control group at the .01 level of significance.