bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of diabetes‐related knowledge among registered nurses working in hospitals in Jordan
Authors: Yacoub M.I. , Demeh W.M. , Darawad M.W. , Barr J.L. , Saleh A.M. , Saleh M.Y. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundNurses play a vital role in caring for people with diabetes where knowledge constitutes the cornerstone of this care.AimThis study assessed the level of Jordanian nurses' perceived and actual knowledge of diabetes and examined the relationship between nurses' actual knowledge of diabetes and their different characteristics.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive design was used to report knowledge regarding diabetes. Registered nurses were asked to complete self‐administered questionnaires. The Diabetes Self‐Report Tool and the Modified Diabetes Basic Knowledge Test were used to assess nurses' perceived and actual knowledge of diabetes.ResultsA total of 277 out of the 450 eligible registered nurses accepted to participate and returned questionnaires from seven hospitals in Jordan. Nurses in this study mostly demonstrated a knowledge deficit in clinical and theoretical‐based topics, such as initial treatment of hypoglycaemia, insulin storage and preparation; meal planning and duration of action with hypoglycaemic agents. Nurses' actual knowledge of diabetes was positively correlated with their perceived knowledge, perceived competence and level of education.LimitationsStudy participants were selected using convenience sampling. The length of time needed for nurses exceeded 50 min to complete study questionnaires.ConclusionsThis study examined current knowledge among Jordanian registered nurses regarding diabetes. A knowledge deficit regarding diabetes was demonstrated by the nurses who participated in this study. The role of continuing education is essential to supporting nurses' knowledge of complex clinical conditions, such as diabetes. Adequate implementation and dissemination of evidence‐based guidelines on caring for people with diabetes is a prerequisite to improve the nurses' knowledge.Implication for Nursing and Health PolicyPromoting continuing education in diabetes for nurses requires continuous effort and creativity. Healthcare system administrators must acknowledge and prioritize the need for this education.
Extreme distal bypass to improve wound healing in Buerger's disease
Authors: De Caridi Giovanni , Massara Mafalda , Villari Simona , Martelli Eugenio , Spinelli Francesco , Grande Raffaele , Butrico Lucia , de Franciscis Stefano , Serra Raffaele 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThromboangiitis obliterans or Buerger's disease is a rare non‐atherosclerotic segmental inflammatory vasculitis that most commonly involves small and medium‐sized arteries, veins and nerves of the extremities, and generally affects young tobacco smokers. A 53‐year‐old man was found to have critical ischaemia of his left lower limb with foot gangrene. He underwent extremely distal surgical revascularisation using a great saphenous vein bypass graft. The choice of a very distal artery as run‐off vessel promoted a faster wound healing and pain relief, with improvement in quality of life.
Damage to poplar caused by Pseudomonas syringae in combination with frost and fluctuating temperatures
Authors: de Kam M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFrost sensitivity of poplar leaves is increased by Pseudomonas syringae, whereas fluctuating temperatures, when passing freezing point, stimulate the development of P. syringae in poplar bark. Disease symptoms commonly referred to frost damage, are in part due to a combined action of P. syringae and frost.SummarySymptoms on Populus trichocarpa caused by Pseudomonas syringae in combination with frost are described. They almost exclusively occur on the south side of the stems, just above soil level. Although this damage is commonly considered as the result of frost, P. syringae was regularly isolated from these so‐called 'frost‐cracks' and when inoculated into healthy plants, developed the same symptoms of the disease.The writer demonstrates that P. syringae increases frost sensitivity in poplar leaves. Fluctuating temperatures promote the development of P. syringae in poplar bark, provided the temperature drops below freezing‐point.Symptoms often considered to be caused by frost, are in reality in many cases the result of the cooperation between P. syringae and frost.RésuméDommages causés au peuplier par Pseudomonas syringae en association avec le gel et les variations de températureSur Populus trichocarpa, les symptǒmes provoqués par Pseudomonas syringae en liaison avec le gel sont décrits. Ils se produisent presqu'exclusivement sur la face sud des troncs, juste au‐dessus du niveau du sol. Bien que ces dégǎts soient habituellement considérés comme le résultat du gel, P. syringae a été isolé régulièrement de ces soi‐disant «fissures de gel» et lorsqu'on l'a inoculé à des plantes saines, les měmes symptǒmes se sont manifestés.L'auteur démontre que P. syringae accroǐt la sensibilité au gel des feuilles de peuplier. Des variations de température favorisent le développement de P. syringae dans l'écorce du peuplier, à condition que la température tombe en‐dessous de la température de congélation.Des symptǒmes souvent considérés comme dus au gel sont en fait et dans de nombreux cas le résultat de la coopération entre P. syringae et le gel.ZusammenfassungSchäden an Pappeln, verursacht durch Pseudomonas syringae in Kombination mit Frost und TemperaturschwankungenEs werden Krankheitssymptome an Populus trichocarpa beschrieben, die durch Pseudomonas syringae und durch Frosteinwirkung entstanden. Sie erscheinen fast ausschließlich an der Südseite der Stämme, unmittelbar über der Bodenoberfläche. Obwohl diese Schäden meist als Folgen von Frost betrachtet werden, ließ sich aus den sogenannten Frostrissen regelmäßig P. syringae isolieren. In gesunde Pflanzen geimpft, entwickeln sich die gleichen Symptome.Der Autor weist nach, daß P. syringae die Frostempfindlichkeit der Pappelblätter erhöht. Temperaturschwankungen fördern die Entwicklung von P. syringae in der Pappelrinde, vorausgesetzt, daß die Temperatur unter den Gefrierpunkt sinkt.Als Frostschäden betrachtete Symptome werden in praxi in vielen Fällen durch das Zusammenwirken von P. syringae und Frost hervorgerufen.
Observations under fluorescence on progress of basidiospore germination in Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. et Schw.) Wint. on the needle surface of certain pine species
Authors: Ragazzi A. , Fedi Irene Dellavalle 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe authors have tested the behaviour of basidiospores of Cronartium flaccidum on needle surfaces of Pinus nigra var. austriaca, P. nigra var. laricio and P. sylvestris using Patton and Johnson fluorescence method.On P. sylvestris a species well‐known for low susceptibility, the behaviour of basidiospores was different from the other two species.A resistance factor was identified at the stage of basidiospore germination.SummaryGermination of C. flaccidum basidiospores was tested on the needles of seedlings of three pine species possessing different susceptibility: Pinus nigra var. austriaca, P. nigra var. laricio and P. sylvestris using Patton and Johnson fluorescence methods.Progress of germination was found to be different on P. sylvestris compared with that on P. nigra var. austriaca and P. nigra var. laricio in that its beginning is delayed to 20 hours after incubation as compared with the 10 and 5 hours in the cases of the latter two species. Percentages, 40 hours after incubation, are respectively 44, 93 and 83%.A resistance factor in P. sylvestris a species with well‐known low susceptibility, was thus detected at the level of basidiospore germination.RésuméLa germination des basidiospores de Cronartium flaccidum sur des aiguilles de trois pins différentsLa germination des basidiospores de Cronartium flaccidum à été observée sur des aiguilles des jeunes plants de Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra var. austriaca et P. nigra var. laricio qui montrent une résistance variée vis‐à‐vis de la rouille vesciculeuse.On note les différences suivantes:—– les basidiospores sur les aiguilles de P. nigra var. laricio débutent leur germination après 5 heures et celles sur P. sylvestris après 20 heures.—– après 40 heures d'incubation 44% des basidiospores ont germé sur les aiguilles de P. sylvestris 93% sur P. nigra var. laricio et 83% sur P. nigra var. austriaca.Pinus sylvestris possède une résistance contre l'infection puisque la germination des basidiospores est moin et plus lente que sur les deux variétés de P. nigra.ZusammenfassungKeimung der Basidiosporen von Cronartium flaccidum auf den Nadeln von KiefemartenDie Keimung der Basidiosporen von Cronartium flaccidum wurde auf den Nadeln der Sämlinge von Pinus sylvestris, P. nigra var. austriaca und P. nigra var. laricio die eine verschiedene Kienzopfresistenz zeigen, kontrolliert. Zwischen den Kiefernarten bestehen folgende Unterschiede:— Basidiosporen auf den Nadeln von P. nigra var. laricio fangen nach 5 Stunden zu keimen an, während die Basidiosporen auf den Nadeln von P. sylvestris nach 20 Stunden zu keimen beginnen;— nach 40 Inkubationsstunden ist der Keimungsprozentsatz: 44 für die Basidiosporen auf den Nadeln der P. sylvestris 93 auf P. nigra var. laricio und 83 auf P. nigra var. austriaca.Die Untersuchung zeigt für P. sylvestris Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen die Infektion wegen geringerer und später einsetzender Keimung der Basidiosporen an.
Biochemical aspects of stress physiology of plants and some considerations of defense mechanisms in conifers
Authors: Hoque E. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA review is given on biochemical aspects of stress physiology and defense mechanisms of plants with special reference to coniferous trees. To date, investigations on these topics have proceeded on a wide front. These include biotic (fungi, bacteria, parasitic higher plants, nematodes) and abiotic (temperature, moisture, light, pH, host‐plant nutrition) stress phenomena as well as their causal relationships to biochemical and histological defense mechanisms. Research dealing with hormonal control of defense mechanisms is emphasized in this review.ZusammenfassungBiochemische Aspekte der Streßphysiologie der Pflanzen und einige Betrachtungen der Abwehrmechanismen der KoniferenDieser Sammelbericht behandelt die biochemischen Aspekte der Streßphysiologie und der Abwehrmechanismen der Pflanzen mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Koniferen. Die Untersuchungen auf diesem Forschungsgebiet sind in großer Breite durchgeführt worden. Sie umfassen sowohl biotische (Pilze, Bakterien, parasitische höhere Pflanzen, Nematoden) als auch abiotische (Temperatur, Feuchtigkeit, Licht, pH‐Wert, Ernährung der Wirtspflanzen) Streßphänomene sowie ihre kausalen Beziehungen zu den biochemischen und den histologischen Abwehrmechanismen. Die Forschung über die hormonale Regulation der Abwehrmechanismen erfuhr in diesem Sammelbericht besondere Bedeutung.RésuméAspects biochimiques de la physiologie de stress des plantes et quelques considérations sur les mécanismes de défense chez les conifèresUne analyse est fournie des aspects biochimiques de la physiologie de stress et des mécanismes de défense des plantes avec intérět particulier porté au cas des conifères. Jusqu'à présent, les recherches dans ce domaine se sont étendues sur une large échelle. Elles comportent des aspects biotiques (champignons, bactéries, plantes supérieures, parasites, nématodes) et abiotiques (température, humidité, lumière, pH, nutrition de la plante‐hǒte) sur les phénomènes de stress aussi bien que sur leurs relations de cause à effet avec les mécanismes de défense tant biochimiques qu'histologiques. Les travaux concernant la dépendance hormonale de tels mécanismes de défense sont particulièrement étudiés dans ce document.
Metamorphic evolution of relict lawsonite‐bearing eclogites from the (U) HP metamorphic belt in the Chinese southwestern Tianshan
Authors: Du J. X. , Zhang L. F. , Bader T. , Chen Z. Y. , Lü Z. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the Chinese southwestern Tianshan (U)HP belt, former lawsonite presence has been predicted for many (U)HP metamorphic eclogites, but only a very few lawsonite grains have been found so far. We discovered armoured lawsonite relicts included in quartz, which, on its part, is enclosed in porphyroblastic garnet in an epidote eclogite H711‐14 and a paragonite eclogite H711‐29. H711‐14 is mainly composed of garnet, omphacite, epidote and titanite, with minor quartz, paragonite and secondary barroisite and glaucophane. Coarse‐grained titanite occasionally occurs in millimetre‐wide veins in equilibrium with epidote and omphacite, and relict rutile is only preserved as inclusions in matrix titanite and garnet. H711‐29 shows the mineral assemblage of garnet, omphacite, glaucophane, paragonite, quartz, dolomite, rutile and minor epidote. Dolomite and rutile are commonly rimed by secondary calcite and titanite respectively. Porphyroblastic garnet in both eclogites is compositionally zoned and exhibits an inclusion‐rich core overgrown by an inclusion‐poor rim. Phase equilibria modelling predicts that garnet cores formed at the P‐peak (490–505 °C and 23–25.5 kbar) and coexisted with the lawsonite eclogite facies assemblage of omphacite + glaucophane + lawsonite + quartz. Garnet rims (550–570 °C and ~20 kbar) grew subsequently during a post‐peak epidote eclogite facies metamorphism and coexisted with omphacite + quartz ± glaucophane ± epidote ± paragonite. The results confirm the former presence of a cold subduction zone environment in the Chinese southwestern Tianshan. The P–T evolution of the eclogites is characterized by a clockwise P–T path with a heating stage during early exhumation (thermal relaxation). The preservation of lawsonite in these eclogites is attributed to isolation from the matrix by quartz and rigid garnet, which should be considered as a new type of lawsonite preservation in eclogites. The complete rutile–titanite transition in H711‐14 took place in the epidote eclogite facies stage in the presence of an extremely CO2‐poor fluid with X(CO2) [CO2/(CO2 + H2O) in the fluid] <<0.008. In contrast, the incomplete rutile–titanite transition in H711‐29 may have occurred after the epidote eclogite facies stage and the presence of dolomite reflects a higher X(CO2) (>0.01) in the coexisting fluid at the epidote eclogite facies stage.
Broad‐Based Employee Stock Ownership: Motives and Outcomes
Authors: KIM E. HAN , OUIMET PAIGE 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTFirms initiating broad‐based employee share ownership plans often claim employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) increase productivity by improving employee incentives. Do they? Small ESOPs comprising less than 5% of shares, granted by firms with moderate employee size, increase the economic pie, benefiting both employees and shareholders. The effects are weaker when there are too many employees to mitigate free‐riding. Although some large ESOPs increase productivity and employee compensation, the average impacts are small because they are often implemented for nonincentive purposes such as conserving cash by substituting wages with employee shares or forming a worker‐management alliance to thwart takeover bids.
Uterus allotransplantation in cynomolgus macaque: A preliminary experience with non‐human primate models
Authors: Kisu Iori , Mihara Makoto , Banno Kouji , Hara Hisako , Masugi Yohei , Araki Jun , Iida Takuya , Yamada Yohei , Kato Yojiro , Shiina Takashi , Suganuma Nobuhiko , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimUterine transplantation (UTx) is a potential option for child‐bearing in women with uterine infertility. Recovery of uterine function after allogeneic UTx in non‐human primates has not been reported. The objective of this study is to establish the functional uterine transplant model in non‐human primates.MethodsUteri of two cynomolgus monkeys were simultaneously removed, cooled at 4°C and perfused with heparin saline. The uteri were interchanged with each other and then orthotopically transplanted. Immunosuppressive protocols included use of three agents (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone) in case 1 and two agents (tacrolimus and methylprednisolone) in case 2. Transabdominal ultrasonography, vaginoscopy and biopsy of the transplanted uterine cervix were routinely conducted to monitor rejection after surgery.ResultsThe blood concentration of tacrolimus decreased 11 days after surgery and evidence of rejection was found in biopsy of the uterine cervix in both cases. The suspected rejection disappeared 23 days after surgery in case 1 and temporary menstruation resumed at 3 months after surgery. In case 2, blood flow to the uterine artery gradually decreased and the uterus resulted in atrophy due to ischemia, which has been triggered by rejection.ConclusionAllogeneic UTx in the cynomolgus monkeys resulted in temporary recovery of menstruation with three immunosuppressants and uterine atrophy with two immunosuppressants. This preliminary experience suggests that recovery of uterine function after allogeneic UTx in non‐human primates is possible but more experiments are required.
Efficacy of lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil for treating burning mouth syndrome: a double‐blind randomised
Authors: Cano‐Carrillo P. , Pons‐Fuster A. , López‐Jornet P. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is an intensive chronic oral mucosal pain condition of unknown aetiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil used to treat the condition, comparing this with a placebo. This study took the form of a double‐bind, randomised clinical trial. A total of 60 patients with BMS were randomly divided into two groups: Group I (n = 30) treated with lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil (300 ppm) (1·5 mL three times a day) and Group II (n = 30) treated with a placebo (1·5 mL three times a day). Evaluations were made before and after 12 weeks of product/placebo application. Symptoms were evaluated by VAS, whilst patient psychological profiles were assessed using the HAD scale and patient quality of life using the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) and the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF36). Fifty patients completed the 12‐week treatment (26 in Group I and 24 in Group II). Visual analogue scale pain values improved in both groups but without statistically significant differences between the groups (P = 0·57). Oral quality of life also improved. Four patients in Group I (treatment) left the study and six left Group II (placebo). No patients experienced any adverse effects resulting from treatment at any of the evaluation times. Patients were lost from the sample due to lack of compliance. It was found that the lipid profile did not change during the 3‐month study period as a result of the application of lycopene‐enriched olive oil (Group I); nor did any change occur in the placebo group (Group II). In this way, the placebo effect was seen to be strong. The topical lycopene‐enriched virgin olive oil is a very safe and an effective similar way that the placebo for treating patients with BMS. However, future studies are required to establish the treatment for patients with chronic and painful syndrome.
Identification of a Conserved Core Genome with Group‐Specific Genes from Comparative Genomics of Ten Different Candidatus Phytoplasma Strains
Authors: Wang Qiang , Guo Ya , Wang Nan , Li Yan , Chen Wang , Chen Wei , Wu Yunfeng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlant pathogenic phytoplasmas can infect hundreds of plant species and lead to enormous economic loss. To understand the interactions between phytoplasmas and their hosts, genome sequencing plays an important role. To date, ten phytoplasma genomes from five phylogenetic groups have been released. A comparative genomics analysis showed 170 common conserved genes existing in these ten genomes. Genes involved in translation, ribosomal structure and biogenesis (75 genes) are the largest proportion. Interestingly, the predicted secreted proteins were not found in our core set, suggesting that these genes were diverse. In addition, a highly stringent strategy was taken to mine the group‐specific genes among the five groups. Although the largest part was the hypothetical proteins, some putative secreted proteins (potential effectors) were identified. TENGU was selected to be one of the 16SrI group‐specific genes. This may partly account for the diverse pathogenicity in different 16Sr groups. In addition, our results revealed that Amp and Imp had great potentials of being group specific. Above all, based on the conserved genes, our results provide new insights for the phytoplasma genome assembly, identification and functional genomics.
Protective effects of melatonin in reducing oxidative stress and in preserving the fluidity of biological membranes: a review
Authors: García Joaquín J. , López‐Pingarrón Laura , Almeida‐Souza Priscilla , Tres Alejandro , Escudero Pilar , García‐Gil Francisco A. , Tan Dun‐Xian , Reiter Russel J. , Ramírez Jose M. , Bernal‐Pérez Milagros 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFree radicals generated within subcellular compartments damage macromolecules which lead to severe structural changes and functional alterations of cellular organelles. A manifestation of free radical injury to biological membranes is the process of lipid peroxidation, an autooxidative chain reaction in which polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane are the substrate. There is considerable evidence that damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to reduce membrane fluidity. However, adequate levels of fluidity are essential for the proper functioning of biological membranes. Thus, there is considerable interest in antioxidant molecules which are able to stabilize membranes because of their protective effects against lipid peroxidation. Melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a wide variety of endocrine, neural and immune functions. Over the last two decades, intensive research has proven this molecule, as well as its metabolites, to possess substantial antioxidant activity. In addition to their ability to scavenge several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, melatonin increases the activity of the glutathione redox enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes. These beneficial effects of melatonin are more significant because of its small molecular size and its amphipathic behaviour, which facilitates ease of melatonin penetration into every subcellular compartment. In the present work, we review the current information related to the beneficial effects of melatonin in maintaining the fluidity of biological membranes against free radical attack, and further, we discuss its implications for ageing and disease.