bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal extraction sequence modeling for open pit mining operation considering the dynamic cutoff grade
Authors: Moosavi Ehsan , Gholamnejad Javad , Ataee-Pour Majid , Khorram Esmaile 
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie
Problem zawartości brzeżnej jest istotnym wyzwaniem badawczym i zadaniem optymalizacyjnym w rocznym planowaniu operacyjnym kopalń odkrywkowych w związku z jej naturą kombinatoryczną. Wynika to z faktu, że wpływa na nią szereg parametrów ekonomicznych, uwarunkowania poszcze- gólnych etapów działalności górniczej, sekwencja eksploatacji górniczej oraz rozkład zawartości składnika użytecznego w złożu. W istocie ocenia się, że dynamiczna zawartość brzeżna podczas danego okresu jest funkcją dostępności rudy oraz potrzeb zakładu przeróbczego w tym okresie. W konsekwencji, strategia ustalania zawartości brzeżnej i kolejność eksploatacji złoża powinny być rozważane równocześnie. Biorąc to pod uwagą, przeprowadzono różne podejścia cclcm opracowania skomputeryzowanej procedury kolejności eksploatacji dla kopalni odkrywkowej. Żadne z otrzy- manych podejść nie uzyskało powszechnej akceptacji z powodu dużej ilości zmiennych. W związku z tym zaproponowano nowy model celem pokonania tego problemu. Model ten rozwiązuje problem w trzech etapach:
- ustalana jest obecna strata ekonomiczna dla każdego rodzaju przeróbki dla każdego eksplo- atowanego bloku;
- rozkład prawdopodobieństwa i zawartość średnia dla każdego rodzaju przeróbki jest wyliczana niezależnie;
- każdy blok z jego przewidywaną stratą ekonomiczną jest rozwijany jako binarny cyfrowy model programowania.
Z użyciem tego modelu określana jest optymalna kolejność eksploatacji dla każdego okresu, na podstawie optymalnych decyzji przetwarzania. W artykule zaprezentowano studium przypadku celem ilustracji przydatności opracowanego modelu. Otrzymane rezultaty wykazują, że kolejność eksplo- atacji ustalona z wykorzystaniem sugerowanego modelu będzie realistyczna i przydatna. Model ten pozwala na rozwiązywanie poważnych problemów w odpowiednio krótkim czasie przy bardzo wysokiej jakości rozwiązań w kontekście określania optymalnej wartości bieżącej netto.
Relationship Between the Content of Hazardous Trace Elements in Coal Lithotypes and their Ashes (405 Coal Seam, U.S.C.B.)
Authors: Kokowska-Pawlowska Magdalena 
Published: June 2014

Streszczenie
Zbadano zróżnicowanie zawartości wybranych pierwiastków szkodliwych (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Mn, Be, Li, V, As, Ga) w próbkach litotypów i ich popiołach pochodzących z pokładu 405 (warstwy załęskie). Wykazano znaczną zmienność zawartości pierwiastków w badanych próbkach, zależną od rodzaju Ktotypu, a przede wszystkim od zawartości popiołu We wszystkich litotypach najwyższe zawartości wykazały pierwiastki Ba i Mn. Pozostałe oznaczone pierwiastki ze względu na średni udział w litotypach można uszeregować w następującej kolejności: Zn < Pb < V < Cu < Ni < Cr < Ga < Co < Be < Li < As < Cd. Podobną tendencję udziału pierwiastków obserwowano w popiołach litotypów.
Wyliczono współczynnik wzbogacenia (W) w popiołach litotypów, jako stosunek zawartości pierwiastka w popiele do zawartości w litotypic. Założono, że wartości współczynnika W są tym wyższe im wyższa jest zawartość pierwiastka związana z substancją organiczną wręgla.
Na zaw'artość pierwiastków śladowych w litotypach duży wpływ ma ich powinowactwo geoche- miczne do substancji organicznej bądź mineralnej węgla, które określono na podstawie wielkości współczynnika wzbogacenia popiołów litotypów w te pierwiastki.
Najwyższymi wartościami tych współczynników (od 5 do 7) charakteryzują się pierwiastki, takie jak Cr, Be, Cd i Cu, natomiast pozostałe pierwiastki wykazują niższe w'artości (od ok. 2 do ok. 3). Najniższe wartości współczynnika wzbogacenia najczęściej obserwowano w przypadku: Co, Li i Mn.
Na podstawie wyliczonych wartości współczynników wzbogacenia w popiele stwierdzono, że pierwiastki, takie jak Ba, Mn, Li, As, Co, Ga, Ni, Pb i Zn charakteryzowłały się dużym powino- wactwem do substancji mineralnej (niski współczynnik wzbogacenia w popiele). Maksymalna ich koncentracja przypadała na litotypy silnie mincralizowanc - w'ęgicl matowy bądź półbłyszczący.
Natomiast nieliczne pierwiastki, jak: Cr, Be, Cd i Cu W7kazały duże powinowactwo do substancji organicznej węgla (wysoki współczynnik wzbogacenia w popiele) i tendencję do maksymalnej koncentracji w litotypic błyszczącym.
Na podstawie wykazanych istotnych korelacji pierwiastków' śladowych w litotypach z zawartością popiołu można uznać, żc pierwiastki te są główTiic obecne w substancji mineralnej węgla.
An Essay on Complex Valued Propositional Logic
Authors: Sgurev V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In decision making logic it is often necessary to solve logical equations for which, due to the features of disjunction and conjunction, no admissible solutions exist. In this paper an approach is suggested, in which by the introduction of Imaginary Logical Variables (ILV), the classical propositional logic is extended to a complex one. This provides a possibility to solve a large class of logical equations.The real and imaginary variables each satisfy the axioms of Boolean algebra and of the lattice. It is shown that the Complex Logical Variables (CLV) observe the requirements of Boolean algebra and the lattice axioms. Suitable definitions are found for these variables for the operations of disjunction, conjunction, and negation. A series of results are obtained, including also the truth tables of the operations disjunction, conjunction, negation, implication, and equivalence for complex variables. Inference rules are deduced for them analogous to Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens in the classical propositional logic. Values of the complex variables are obtained, corresponding to TRUE (T) and FALSE (F) in the classic propositional logic. A conclusion may be made from the initial assumptions and the results achieved, that the imaginary logical variable i introduced hereby is “truer” than condition “T” of the classic propositional logic and i - “falser” than condition “F”, respectively. Possibilities for further investigations of this class of complex logical structures are pointed out
Pre-Processing of Hyperspectral Images Using Nonlinear Filters
Authors: Behar V. , Bogdanova V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper the use of a set of nonlinear edge-preserving filters is proposed as a pre-processing stage with the purpose to improve the quality of hyperspectral images before object detection. The capability of each nonlinear filter to improve images, corrupted by spatially and spectrally correlated Gaussian noise, is evaluated in terms of the average Improvement factor in the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (IPSNR), estimated at the filter output. The simulation results demonstrate that this pre-processing procedure is efficient only in case the spatial and spectral correlation coefficients of noise do not exceed the value of 0.6
Model Predictive Control of a pH Maintaining System
Authors: Grancharova A. , Kostov L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In this paper the problem of optimal regulation of a pH maintaining system is considered, where the outputs are the pH value and the liquid level in the system and the control inputs are the flow rates of the base input flow and the output flow. The optimal regulation problem is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control problem in the presence of constraints. Two cases are considered: 1) presence of box constraints only on the control inputs and 2) considering also constraints on the rate of change of the inputs.
Reinforcement Learning for Predictive Maintenance of Industrial Plants
Authors: Koprinkova-Hristova P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The reinforcement learning is a well-known approach for solving optimization problems having limited information about plant dynamics. Its key element, named “critic” is aimed at prediction of future “punish/reward” signals received as a result of undertaken control actions. The main idea in the present work is to use such a “critic” element for prediction of approaching alarm situations based on limited measurement information from the industrial plant. In order to train the critic network in real time it is proposed to use a special kind of a fast trainable recurrent neural network, called Echo State Network (ESN). The approach proposed is demonstrated on an example for predictive maintenance of a mill fan in Maritsa East 2 Thermal Power Plant
On the Two Lists of ‘Four [Types Of] Words’ (Nāṟ-col) in the Śāstric Descriptions of Tamil
Authors: Chevillard Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article examines, from the perspective of the History of Linguistics, the specifications and the genesis of two distinct lists of four sets of words which are often found in the ancient shastric corpus of the Tamil-speaking South. One of those lists, which is found inside the “pure grammar” component of that technical literature, enumerates ‘nouns’ (peyarc col), ‘verbs’ (viṉaic col), ‘particles’ (iṭaic col), and uric col (lit. ‘appropriate words’), whereas the other list, which reflects the fact that one of the main aims of “grammar” was to describe literature, enumerates ‘simple words’ (iyaṟcol), tiricol (lit. ‘mutant words’ or ‘twisted words’), ‘regional words’ (ticaic col), and ‘Northern words’ (vaṭacol). In both lists, there is an item for which it is difficult to find a simple translation, namely uriccol for the first list and tiricol for the second list. T he difficulty in identifying and explaining the intention of those who coined those terms seems to be in part due to the fact that the texts which the Tamil tradition has transmitted to us are an assemblage of various parts that were once fragments of a “work in progress”, now fossilized, which was partly abandoned, either because another śāstra (that of lexicography) took over part of the descriptive effort, and/or because the ambition to compile a dhātu-pāṭha (the Sanskrit term for a list of verbal roots) for the Tamil language was abandoned, if such a project ever existed. The fact that discontinuities in the transmission of Tamil śāstric literature do exist is attested to, for instance, by the hesitation of traditional commentators, while explaining sūtra TP 385i (alias TP 392p), which is a characterization of marapu (approx. ‘usage’), said to be dependent on the power of ‘the four words’. The commentators are cautious in deciding which of the two lists of ‘four words’ is meant, possibly hoping to suggest that the sūtra might refer to both, because they believe in the “beauty of compromise”.
The Development of Graphic Representation in Abugida Writing: The Akshara’s Grammar
Authors: Fedorova Liudmila 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Phonological writing systems can use different modes in the arrangement of phonological information: linear or emblematic. The latter presupposes a two-dimensional composition of graphic elements which convey information of different levels: basic phonological units or their secondary features. Abugida is one of the most perfect modes of writing, using a two-dimensional principle of organization in its graphemes. Indian scripts imply forms of abugida, based on aksharas - orthographic syllables - as main graphemes, with their vocalization marked by sub-graphemes. Their complex forms reveal hierarchical structures representing phonological structures. Thus, “the akshara’s grammar” may be described, with its paradigms of shapes and meanings, their organization in space, their modes of conjunction. The functional characteristics of diacritic types and ligatures can be specified. The graphic shapes of the akshara can be represented as forming a “grammar” comparable to morphological structures. The graphic complexity of writing can then be estimated in typological perspective. This paper is an attempt to describe such a grammar.
Backernagel is Wackernagel Lite. On the “P-Minus 2” Clitics of Santali
Authors: Hock Hans Henrich 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Santali presents structures with subject clitics in “P minus 2” (P-2) position, before the final verb and enclitic on the preverbal element, a position called “Backernagel” by Kidwai (2005). P-2 is commonly considered to lack clear cross-linguistic support; moreover, while generative accounts can accommodate utterance-second position (P2) as adjunction to a left-peripheral projection, they have no ready way of accommodating P -2.
The history and synchrony of Munda “P-2” have elicited several accounts. Anderson (2007) considers three possibilities: Reanalysis of Proto-Munda subject proclitics as enclitic; extension of postverbal object clitics to preverbal subject function; attachment of original resumptive pronouns to the preverbal element.
I present evidence for a different hypothesis: The Santali Backernagel clitics originate as P 2 or classical Wackernagel elements. A more fine-grained definition of Wackernagel in terms of different prosodic domains (such as utterance/theme vs. rheme) permits the hypothesis that the apparent P -2 is still a W ackernagel position, but within the rheme rather than the entire utterance, and that within the rheme, the prosodically strongest, preverbal-focus element is the most attractive clitic host.
I support my account with evidence from Santali and other Kherwarian languages (which offer traces of an original P 2 position) and parallel developments in Iranian (where the different stages in the development can be traced in greater detail).
Backernagel, thus, is a subtype of Wackernagel, and there is no need to assume a typologically problematic P -2 position for Munda (or for various Iranian varieties).
Obligational Constructions in New Indo-Aryan Languages of Western India
Authors: Khokhlova Liudmila V. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper describes historical roots as well as syntactic and semantic properties of the three main obligational constructions in modern Hindi-Urdu, Punjabi, Rajasthani 1 and Gujarati2 These constructions differ from one another by the degree and by the type of obligation. The main syntactic properties of obligational constructions discussed in the paper are Agent marking and long distance agreement rules. It will be demonstrated that the increasing frequency of the Dative instead of the Instrumental Agent marking in constructions of obligation was part of the gradual destruction of the ‘passive syntax’ typical for the climactic stage of ergative development.
The Yugapad-Way Of Using Words: How a Linguistic Taboo Became a Crucial Literary Strategy
Authors: Pontillo Tiziana 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
As Kātyāyana emphasizes while commenting on the ekaśeṣa-rules, words apply per object. Consequently, no word should be capable of conveying more than one object. By contrast not only does paronomasia, the so-called śleṣa, break the one-to-one relation between the śabda- and artha-levels of language; there are also grammatical rules which look like deviations from the naturally expected cause-effect relation between word forms and their meanings. The ekaśeṣa-rule represents one of these exceptions, since some parts of the artha are comprehensible, even without employing the word-form denoting them, such as mātṛ in the dual noun pitarau, meaning ‘mother and father’ rather than ‘the two fathers’. P atañjali already mentions an intriguing option in the use of śabdas, when he notes that a word form can merely convey its primary denotation, such as candra denoting the ‘moon’, or can express something that is ‘like something else’, such as candra conveying the sense of a ‘face like a moon’. These exceptions are reconsidered here within the framework of the “yugapad-expression”, which is how Bhartṛhari defines one of the two language options (the other one being kramaḥ ‘sequence’), an option realised when a single word simultaneously conveys more than one meaning, but an option whose use is discouraged.
Technical (ritual and grammatical) speculations on simultaneity as an exception to the bi-unique relationship between a cause and its effect date back to the 2nd to 3rd centuries BC. Nonetheless, grammarians insist on excluding these extreme applications of meaning extension; only the late kāvyālaṃkāraśāstra- authors extol the virtues of the phenomenon. The paper focuses on the trajectory that might have been followed in the intervening changes.
The birth of the first child as a positive event in the lives of young parents
Authors: Wójtowicz-Dacka Małgorzata 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to research the relatioship between level of knowledge possessed by the contemporary parents about the psychological needs of small children and their perception of the birth of their child as a positive event. Study involved 90 parents, aged 25-30, who are currently raising young children up to 1 year of age. The analyses that were carried out verified the existence of such a correlation, but the event of birth is not a positive event for all parents. In summary, the sense of satisfaction with the birth of a child and perceiving this situation as a positive event is especially high among women and those with a higher education. For men and for parents with a low level of education, it can become a positive experience if they raise their level of knowledge about the needs of small children.
Features of Emotional Experiences in Individuals with Personality Disorders
Authors: Trzebińska Ewa , Gabińska Anna 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPersonality disorders (PDs) are marked by significant disturbances in the way of experiencing oneself, others and the world around. Yet there is paucity of research on the nature of emotional experiences in these disorders. The aim of this study was to examine whether and how emotional experience of individuals with ten distinct forms of PDs distinguished in DSM differs from those without PDs. The study was conducted via the Internet on a large nonclinical sample (N = 3509). Participants were administered a PDs measure and a performance task assessing three features of emotional experiences: emotional sensitivity, the valence of experienced emotions and the profile of five components constituting an emotion. As predicted, PDs sufferers experienced emotions differently from controls. Results demonstrated that individuals with all PDs were more receptive to emotional elicitation and displayed higher negative emotionality and a deficiency in the affective component of experienced emotions.
You never compare alone: How social consensus and comparative context affect self-evaluation
Authors: Grabowski Adam , Broemer Philip 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Three studies address the role of social consensus on evaluative standards in different comparative contexts. Previous research has documented that self-categorisation at the individual or group level changes social comparison effects in terms of assimilation and contrast. With regard to self-ratings of physical attractiveness, the present studies show that people who focus on group membership can benefit from including outstanding others in their reference group, whereas people who focus on their individual attributes run the risk of self-devaluation. It is argued that high consensus strengthens the association between evaluative standards and group membership and renders the inclusion of outstanding others more likely. Study 3 shows that the need to protect self-esteem moderates the influence of perceived consensus. Stressing the individual self led participants who received negative feedback to exclude outstanding others when consensus was low. Stressing the social self, however, led participants to include outstanding others when consensus was high.
The Continuum of Conscientiousness: The Antagonistic Interests among Obsessive and Antisocial Personalities
Authors: Hertler Steven C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The five factor trait of conscientiousnessis a supertrait, denoting on one hand a pattern of excessive labor, rigidity, orderliness and compulsivity,and on the other hand a pattern of strict rectitude, scrupulosity, dutifulness and morality. In both respects the obsessive-compulsive personality is conscientious; indeed, it has been labeled a disorder of extreme conscientiousness (Widiger et al., 2009). Antisocial personality disorder, in the present paper, is described as occupying the opposite end of the conscientiousness continuum. The antisocial is impulsive rather than compulsive, illicit rather than licit, and furtive rather than forthright.After clinically comparing the obsessive and antisocial personalities, the present paper invokes evolutionary theory to explain their resultant behavioral, ideological, political and demographic differences.
Latent Class Analysis of Criminal Social Identity in a Prison Sample
Authors: Boduszek Daniel , O’Shea Catherine , Dhingra Katie , Hyland Philip 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the number of latent classes of criminal social identity that exist among male recidivistic prisoners. Latent class analysis was used to identify homogeneous groups of criminal social identity. Multinomial logistic regression was used to interpret the nature of the latent classes, or groups, by estimating the associationsto number of police arrests, recidivism, and violent offending while controlling for current age. The best fitting latent class model was a five-class solution: ‘High criminal social identity’ (17%), ‘High Centrality, Moderate Affect, Low Ties’ (21.7%), ‘Low Centrality, Moderate Affect, High Ties’ (13.3%),‘Low Cognitive, High Affect, Low Ties’ (24.6%), and ‘Low criminal social identity’ (23.4%). Each of the latent classes was predicted by differing external variables. Criminal social identity is best explained by five homogenous classes that display qualitative and quantitative differences.
Are there cross-cultural differences in emotional processing and social problem-solving?
Authors: Kwaśniewska Aneta , Thomas Kevin , Baker Roger 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Emotional processing and social problem-solving are important for mental well-being. For example, impaired emotional processing is linked with depression and psychosomatic problems. However, little is known about crosscultural differences in emotional processing and social problem-solving and whether these constructs are linked. This study examines whether emotional processing and social problem-solving differs between Western (British) and Eastern European (Polish) cultures. Participants (N = 172) completed questionnaires assessing both constructs. Emotional processing did not differ according to culture, but Polish participants reported more effective social problem-solving abilities than British participants. Poorer emotional processing was also found to relate to poorer social problem-solving. Possible societal reasons for the findings and the implications of the findings for culture and clinical practice are discussed.
The role of temperament in the changes of coping in Type 2 diabetes: direct and indirect relationships
Authors: Kroemeke Aleksandra , Kwissa-Gajewska Zuzanna 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper investigates whether the changes in cognitive appraisal and coping strategies related to initiation of insulin treatment onset mediate the effect of temperament on changes in positivity ratio among diabetic patients. Temperament, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and positivity ratio (ratio of positive to negative affect) were assessed among 278 patients: just before conversion to insulin therapy and then one month later. Mediation analysis indicated that endurance and briskness were directly connected to changes in positivity ratio, whilst the effect of perseveration on positivity ratio was indirect via changes in negative appraisal, emotion- and problem-focused coping. The results confirm the stressful nature of the initiation of insulin treatment, and the assumptions of Lazarus’ model of stress and regulative role of temperament.