bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rossby Waves Mediate Impacts of Tropical Oceans on West Antarctic Atmospheric Circulation in Austral Winter
Authors: Li Xichen , Holland David M. , Gerber Edwin P. , Yoo Changhyun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Recent studies link climate change around Antarctica to the sea surface temperature of tropical oceans, with teleconnections from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans making different contributions to Antarctic climate. In this study, the impacts of each ocean basin on the wintertime Southern Hemisphere circulation are identified by comparing simulation results using a comprehensive atmospheric model, an idealized dynamical core model, and a theoretical Rossby wave model. The results herein show that tropical Atlantic Ocean warming, Indian Ocean warming, and eastern Pacific cooling are all able to deepen the Amundsen Sea low located adjacent to West Antarctica, while western Pacific warming increases the pressure to the west of the international date line, encompassing the Ross Sea and regions south of the Tasman Sea. In austral winter, these tropical ocean basins work together linearly to modulate the atmospheric circulation around West Antarctica. Further analyses indicate that these teleconnections critically depend on stationary Rossby wave dynamics and are thus sensitive to the background flow, particularly the subtropical/midlatitude jet. Near these jets, wind shear is amplified, which strengthens the generation of Rossby waves. On the other hand, near the edges of the jets the meridional gradient of the absolute vorticity is also enhanced. As a consequence of the Rossby wave dispersion relationship, the jet edge may reflect stationary Rossby wave trains, serving as a waveguide. The simulation results not only identify the relative roles of each of the tropical ocean basins in the tropical–Antarctica teleconnection, but also suggest that a deeper understanding of teleconnections requires a better estimation of the atmospheric jet structures.
Performance Bounds for Particle Filters Using the Optimal Proposal
Authors: Snyder Chris , Bengtsson Thomas , Morzfeld Mathias 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Particle filters may suffer from degeneracy of the particle weights. For the simplest “bootstrap” filter, it is known that avoiding degeneracy in large systems requires that the ensemble size must increase exponentially with the variance of the observation log-likelihood. The present article shows first that a similar result applies to particle filters using sequential importance sampling and the optimal proposal distribution and, second, that the optimal proposal yields minimal degeneracy when compared to any other proposal distribution that depends only on the previous state and the most recent observations. Thus, the optimal proposal provides performance bounds for filters using sequential importance sampling and any such proposal. An example with independent and identically distributed degrees of freedom illustrates both the need for exponentially large ensemble size with the optimal proposal as the system dimension increases and the potentially dramatic advantages of the optimal proposal relative to simpler proposals. Those advantages depend crucially on the magnitude of the system noise.
Full-movement neuromuscular electrical stimulation improves plantar flexor spasticity and ankle active dorsiflexion in stroke patients: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Wang Yong-hui , Meng Fei , Zhang Yang , Xu Mao-yu , Yue Shou-wei 
Published: August 2015

Objective: To investigate whether full-movement neuromuscular electrical stimulation, which can generate full range of movement, reduces spasticity and/or improves motor function more effectively than control, sensory threshold—neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and motor threshold—neuromuscular electrical stimulation in sub-acute stroke patients. Design: A randomized, single-blind, controlled study. Setting: Physical therapy room and functional assessment room. Participants: A total of 72 adult patients with sub-acute post-stroke hemiplegia and plantar flexor spasticity. Method: Patients received 30-minute sessions of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the motor points of the extensor hallucis and digitorum longus twice a day, five days per week for four weeks. Measures: Composite Spasticity Scale, Ankle Active Dorsiflexion Score, and walking time in the Timed Up and Go Test were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and at two-week follow-up. Results: After four weeks of treatment, when comparing interclass pretreatment and posttreatment, only the full-movement neuromuscular electrical stimulation group had a significant reduction in the Composite Spasticity Scale (mean % reduction = 19.91(4.96)%, F = 3.878, p < 0.05) and improvement in the Ankle Active Dorsiflexion Score (mean scores = 3.29(0.91), F = 3.140, p < 0.05). Furthermore, these improvements were maintained two weeks after the treatment ended. However, there were no significant differences in the walking time after four weeks of treatment among the four groups (F = 1.861, p > 0.05). Conclusions: Full-movement neuromuscular electrical stimulation with a stimulus intensity capable of generating full movement can significantly reduce plantar flexor spasticity and improve ankle active dorsiflexion, but cannot decrease walking time in the Timed Up and Go Test in sub-acute stroke patients.
Does facilitated Advance Care Planning reduce the costs of care near the end of life? Systematic review and ethical considerations
Authors: Klingler Corinna , in der Schmitten Jürgen , Marckmann Georg 
Published: August 2015

Background: While there is increasing evidence that Advance Care Planning has the potential to strengthen patient autonomy and improve quality of care near the end of life, it remains unclear whether it could also reduce net costs of care. Aim: This study aims to describe the cost implications of Advance Care Planning programmes and discusses ethical conflicts arising in this context. Design: We conducted a systematic review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Data sources: We systematically searched the databases PubMed, NHS EED, EURONHEED, Cochrane Library and EconLit. We included empirical studies (no limitation to study type) that investigated the cost implications of Advance Care Planning programmes involving professionally facilitated end-of-life discussions. Results and discussion: Seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Four of them used a randomised controlled design, one used a before-after design and two were observational studies. Six studies found reductions in costs of care ranging from USD1041 to USD64,827 per patient, depending on the study period and the cost measurement. One study detected no differences in costs. Studies varied considerably regarding the Advance Care Planning intervention, patient selection and costs measured which may explain some of the variations in findings. Normative appraisal: Looking at the impact of Advance Care Planning on costs raises delicate ethical issues. Given the increasing pressure to reduce expenditures, there may be concerns that cost considerations could unduly influence the sensitive communication process, thus jeopardising patient autonomy. Safeguards are proposed to reduce these risks. Conclusion: The limited data indicate net cost savings may be realised with Advance Care Planning. Methodologically robust trials with clearly defined Advance Care Planning interventions are needed to make the costs and returns of Advance Care Planning transparent.
Brain glucose metabolism in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients as assessed with FDG-PET: impact on outcome and chemotherapy effects
Authors: Adams Hugo JA , de Klerk John MH , Fijnheer Rob , Heggelman Ben GF , Dubois Stefan V , Nievelstein Rutger AJ , Kwee Thomas C 
Published: August 2015

Background There is a lack of data on the effect of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) therapy on brain glucose metabolism of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients, as measured by 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Moreover, the prognostic value of brain glucose metabolism measurements is currently unknown. Purpose To investigate the use of FDG-PET for measurement of brain glucose metabolism in R-CHOP-treated DLBCL patients, and to assess its prognostic value. Material and Methods This retrospective study included DLBCL patients who underwent FDG-PET including the brain. FDG-PET metabolic volume products (MVPs) of the entire brain, cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum were measured, before and after R-CHOP therapy. Whole-body total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was also measured. Results Thirty-eight patients were included, of whom 18 had an appropriate end-of-treatment FDG-PET scan. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.199) between pre- and post-treatment brain glucose metabolism metrics. Low basal ganglia MVP was associated with a significantly worse progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) ( P = 0.020 and P = 0.032), and low cerebellar MVP was associated with a significantly worse OS ( P = 0.034). There were non-significant very weak correlations between pretreatment brain glucose metabolism metrics and TLG. In the multivariate Cox regression, only the National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI) remained an independent predictor of PFS (hazard ratio 3.787, P = 0.007) and OS (hazard ratio 2.903, P = 0.0345). Conclusion Brain glucose metabolism was not affected by R-CHOP therapy. Low pretreatment brain glucose metabolism was associated with a worse outcome, but did not surpass the predictive value of the NCCN-IPI.
Insertional Achilles tendinopathy is associated with arthritic changes of the posterior calcaneal cartilage: a retrospective study
Authors: Palmanovich Ezequiel , Oshri Yael , Brin Yaron S. , Edelshtein Evgeny , Nyska Meir , Hetsroni Iftach 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo characterize the histological changes within the posterior calcaneal cartilage in patients with insertional Achilles tendinopathy (IAT) and test the relationships between severity of the histological changes and level of functional impairment.MethodsSixteen posterior calcaneal wall specimens of patients with IAT who had posterior calcaneal ostectomy were investigated. Hematoxylin‐eosin stain, Toluidine‐blue stain, Polarized light microscopy, and Masson Trichrome stain were used to characterize histological changes. Changes within the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage were graded according to Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) criteria. Functional scores were completed at the time of surgery according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle‐Hindfoot score.ResultsMean age of patients was 48.9 years. Histological findings within the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage specimens were consistent with arthritic changes. OARSI grading indicated Grade 2 changes in one specimen, mean AOFAS score 60; Grade 3 changes in three specimens, AOFAS score 73.7 ± 2.5; Grade 4 changes in four specimens, AOFAS score 44 ± 21.4; Grade 5 changes in eight specimens, AOFAS score 48 ± 9.9. Higher OARSI grades were correlated with lower AOFAS scores (rho = −0.65, p < 0.01).ConclusionsDegenerative arthritic changes of the posterior calcaneal wall cartilage characterize patients with IAT and the severity of such changes is directly correlated to the degree of functional impairment.
Human amniotic epithelial cells inhibit granulosa cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapy and restore the fertility
Authors: Zhang Qiuwan , Xu Minhua , Yao Xiaofen , Li Ting , Wang Qian , Lai Dongmei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Premature ovarian failure and insufficiency are significant long-term side-effects of chemotherapy for female cancer patients. Recently, stem cell transplantation has been identified as a promising treatment for premature ovarian failure and insufficiency. We have previously demonstrated that human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) migrate into injured tissue and promote the recovery of ovarian function in chemoablated mice. However, the molecular mechanism guiding this process remains unclear.

Methods
To further investigate the effect of hAECs on chemotherapy-induced apoptosis, cultured primary hAECs were injected intravenously into mice treated with cyclophosphamide and busulphan. Apoptosis of granulosa cells was observed by TUNEL staining, and apoptosis-related gene expression was performed on ovarian tissue by real-time PCR and Western blot 7 days after hAEC transplantation. Additionally, the ovarian function and fertility of mice were assessed via counts of follicles and mating experiments at 4 weeks after hAEC transplantation.

Results
hAECs significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated granulosa cell apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics and reduced the inflammatory reaction in ovaries at 7 days after transplantation. In addition, 4 weeks after transplantation, hAECs promoted the development of follicles and increased the number of cumulus oocyte complexes in chemoablated mice. Furthermore, hAECs improved ovarian mass and increased the number of follicles compared to those of the chemoablated group, and hAEC transplantation partially rescued the fertility of chemoablated mice.

Conclusions
hAEC transplantation promotes ovarian function by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cell apoptosis and reducing inflammation in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. These results suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the effective therapy of hAEC transplantation in chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure and insufficiency.
Fixed point theorems and the Krein-S̆mulian property in locally convex spaces
Authors: Wang Fuli , Zhou Hua 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to establish some new fixed point theorems for the superposition operators in locally convex spaces which satisfy the Krein-S̆mulian property. We employ a family of measures of noncompactness in conjunction with the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem. As an application, the existence of solutions to a quite general nonlinear Volterra type integral equation is considered in locally integrable spaces.
Access to and quality use of non-communicable diseases medicines in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Bhuvan , Heydon Susan , Norris Pauline 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are a major healthcare problem in Nepal and their burden is increasingevery year. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) bring additional challenges to the Nepalese healthcaresystem which is already experiencing infrastructure shortages, poor service delivery, inadequate essential medicines coverage and shortages of healthcare workers. The Nepal government provides a limited number of free essential medicines through the free essential healthcare services program. This consists of a basic healthcare package provided through primary healthcare (PHC) facilities and district hospitals. Though around 40 essential medicines are provided without charge, studies have reported problems with access especially in all rural areas. There is a need to improve access to, coverage and quality use of medicines. The government has decided to provide some free medicines for NCDs alongside free essential medicines to be distributed via current healthcare structures. Though well intended, this decision will put extra strain on the essential medicines program. It should be supplemented by a comprehensive NCDs policy that takes account of the issues of sustainability and quality use of medicines. Complex cases of NCDs will be managed by tertiary hospitals but most of the cases of NCDs especially for rural people and the poor will end up in secondary level public hospitals (district and zonal hospitals). Therefore, the government needs to strengthen these public hospitals. Meanwhile, given the severity of the NCDs problem in Nepal, the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) should liaise with nongovernmental and missionary hospitals especially in rural areas to run NCDs management services. The Ministry should encourage these hospitals to run hospital pharmacies to improve people’s access to and quality use of NCDs medicines. At the primary healthcare level, the Ministry could run NCDs prevention and control programs but existing PHC workers need training to perform proper dispensing of NCDs medicines. PHC facilities need a medical record system so that they can address the needs of NCDs patients requiring long term medication supply via a proximate PHC facility.
Flutuação Populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em Plantios de Palma de Óleo em Roraima
Authors: Correia Ruy Guilherme , Silva Lima Antonio Cesar , Centeno Cordeiro Antonio Carlos , Da Silva Maciel Francisco Clemilto , Rocha Martins Walmer Bruno , Silva Dionísio Luiz Fernandes 
Published: August 2015

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a ﬂutuação populacional de Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) em plantios de Elaeis guineensis Jacq, em ecossistemas de savana e floresta no estado de Roraima. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante o período de janeiro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012 nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo e Caroebe, numa área de 2 hectares com a cultura da Palma de Óleo, em cada campo. Foram distribuídas armadilhas iscadas com roletes de cana-de-açúcar e feromônio de agregação para captura dos insetos no entorno dos plantios. Ocorreu flutuação de R. palmarum com picos populacionais nos meses de julho e agosto no ecossistema de savana e de abril a setembro no ambiente de floresta. A população de R. palmarum foi menor em meses de baixa precipitação pluviométrica nos dois ambientes avaliados com a Palma de Óleo em RoraimaPopulation Fluctuation of Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Plantations of Oil Palm in RoraimaAbstract. This research aimed to evaluate the population fluctuation Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Elaeis guineensis Jacq plantations in forest and savanna ecosystems in the state of Roraima. The research was conducted during the period from January 2011 to February 2012 in the experimental field of Embrapa Roraima: Monte Cristo and Caroebe in an area of 2 hectares with culture Oil Palm in each field. Traps baited with rollers cane sugar and aggregation pheromone for capturing insects in the vicinity of the plantations were distributed. Fluctuation occurred R. palmarum with population peaks in the months of July and August in the savanna ecosystem and from April to September in the forest environment. The population of R. palmarum was lower in months of low rainfall in the two environments assessed with a palm-oil-in Roraima.
Comportamento Predatório Incomum de Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour) (Araneae, Salticidae)
Authors: Halfeld Vítor Ribeiro 
Published: August 2015

Resumo. Neste trabalho, a aranha-saltadora Menemerus bivittatus (Dofour) é registrada como predadora de pupas de formigas Camponotus crassus Mayr. A captura desse tipo de presa foi realizada por meio da execução de um comportamento especializado, conhecido como “snatching”. Aranhas que exibem esse comportamento roubam o material transportado por formigas operárias (presas ou formas juvenis) para se alimentar. No Brasil, registros desse tipo de interação são escassos na literatura. Trata-se do primeiro registro do comportamento “snatching” em ambiente urbano. Unusual Predatory Behavior of Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour) (Araneae, Salticidae)Abstract. In this work, the jumping spider Menemerus bivittatus (Dofour) is registered as a predator of pupae of the ant Camponotus crassus Mayr. The capture of this type of prey was performed by running a specialized behavior, known as "snatching”. Spiders that exhibit this behavior steal the material transported by worker ants (prey or brood) to feed. In Brazil, records of this type of interaction are quite scarce. This is the first record of the snatching behavior in urban environment.
Reviews
Authors: Meneses Filipe Ribeiro , Marcos Daniel 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A Guerra Secreta de Salazar em África: Aginter Press: Uma Rede Internacional de Contra-Subversão e Espionagem Sediada em Lisboa/Salazar’s Secret War in Africa: Aginter Press: An International Counter-Subversion and Spy Network in Lisbon, José Duarte de Jesus (2012) Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 257 pp., ISBN: 9789722049351, Paperback, Є14.90
A Diplomacia de Salazar (1932–1949)/Salazar’s Diplomacy (1932–1949), Bernardo Futscher Pereira (2012) Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 591 pp., ISBN: 9789722050814, Hardback, Є29.90
WYZNACZANIE POŁOŻENIA GŁOWICY OPTOELEKTRONICZNEJ Z WYKORZYSTANIEM CZUJNIKÓW MEMS
Authors: Sokołowska Justyna , Błaszczyk Janusz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractW pracy opisano wykorzystanie czujników MinIMU-9 v3 do określania zmian położenia taniej, stabilizowanej głowicy optoelektronicznej, przeznaczonej do bezzałogowych systemów powietrznych. Przedstawiono proces kalibracji czujników, wpływ zmian temperatury na ich odczyty oraz zalecenia, które należy uwzględnić przy montażu.
PORÓWNANIE WYBRANYCH WŁAŚCIWOŚCI SILNIKÓW BEZSZCZOTKOWYCH PRĄDU STAŁEGO PRZEZNACZONYCH DO POZYCJONOWANIA CZUJNIKÓW OPTOELEKTRONICZNYCH
Authors: Zieleźnicki Jan , Grzybowski Adam , Błaszczyk Janusz 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKorzystne właściwości eksploatacyjne bezszczotkowych silników prądu stałego takie jak wyższa trwałość i niezawodność oraz szeroki zakres użytecznych prędkości osiągalnych dla zadanego obciążenia sprawiają, że są one często stosowane w układach stabilizacji osi optycznej w optoelektronicznych głowicach przeznaczonych do statków powietrznych. Istnieje jednak wiele podtypów i konfiguracji tych silników, co sprawia, że wybór optymalnej konstrukcji nie jest prosty. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono proces wyboru silnika charakteryzującego się właściwościami predestynującymi go do użycia w napędzie głowicy optoelektronicznej.
Energy methods for curved composite beams with
partial shear interaction
Authors: Ecsedi István , Lengyel Ákos József 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a derivation of the Rayleigh-
Betti reciprocity relation for layered curved composite
beams with interlayer slip. The principle of minimum of
potential energy is also formulated for two-layer curved
composite beams and its applications are illustrated by
numerical examples. The solution of the presented problems
are obtained by the Ritz method. The applications
of the Rayleigh-Betti reciprocity relation proven are illustrated
by some examples.