bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Selection for Seedling Growth of Sweet Corn in Cool Temperatures
Authors: Viesselmann L. M. , De Vries B. , Dodson H. G. , Tracy W. F. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTEarly spring sweet corn producers would benefit from supersweet cultivars with improved seedling cold tolerance. We performed recurrent selection for improved seedling vigor and germination rates at cool temperatures in three sweet corn populations. The original populations were formed by crossing temperate sweet corn and High‐altitude Mexican germplasm. A sugary1 (su1) and a shrunken2 (sh2) population derived from Cacahuacintle Dulce germplasm were evaluated, as well as a sh2 population derived from ‘Maíz Dulce’. The most uniformly vigorous seedling lots were chosen by replicated visual selection and then intermated to form the next cycle. The direct effects of selection were measured through growth chamber germination tests at 10°C. The indirect effects of selection were assessed through replicated field trials. A positive significant linear response to selection for seedling length was present in the two sh2 populations (R2 = 0.92, P < 0.001; R2 = 0.94, P < 0.001). There was a 71% increase in seedling length over four cycles of selection in one sh2 population, and a 116% increase in the other. Significant linear decreases in the average number of dead kernels were observed in both sh2 populations (R2 = 0.91, P < 0.05; R2 = 0.89, P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in kernel carbohydrate composition in either of the sh2 populations. No linear changes were observed as a direct response to selection in the su1 population. While germination under field conditions improved for both of the sh2 populations, selection had a negative effect on several agronomic traits, including plant height, ear height, and ear weight, suggesting the possibility of inbreeding during recurrent selection.
Methiozolin Efficacy, Absorption, and Fate in Six Cool‐Season Grasses
Authors: Yu Jialin , McCullough Patrick E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSelective annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) control in cool‐season turfgrasses is difficult with postemergence herbicides currently available to practitioners. Methiozolin is a new isoxazoline herbicide that controls annual bluegrass in cool‐season turfgrasses but physiological effects attributed to selectivity have received limited investigation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate injury, absorption, translocation, and metabolism of methiozolin in six cool‐season grasses. The rate of methiozolin required for 50% injury (I50) to annual bluegrass and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) measured 1.67 and 5.11 kg ha−1, respectively, but I50 values measured >6.72 kg ha−1 for creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) at 4 wk after treatment (WAT). Annual bluegrass required 69 h to reach 50% foliar absorption of 14C‐methiozolin while other species required ≥90 h. At 96 h after treatment (HAT), all species retained ≥83% of foliar applied 14C‐methiozolin in the treated leaf while 7 to 13% and <5% was distributed to nontreated shoots and roots, respectively. Grasses had similar root absorption of 14C‐methiozolin and distributed <25% to shoots at 72 HAT. Metabolism in leaves was not detected at 3 or 7 d after treatment in any species. Extraction was poor (<30%) from multiple solvents evaluated in root metabolism experiments, and metabolites could not be quantified. Although differences in absorption were detected, no metabolism in shoots and poor root extraction suggest that differential target site binding or fate in roots probably contribute to methiozolin selectivity for annual bluegrass control in cool‐season grasses.
Comparative Growth and Development of Hexaploid and Tetraploid Reed Canarygrass
Authors: Johnson R.C. , Evans Marc 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTReed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is a globally distributed forage grass potentially useful as a biofuel. It occurs at more northern latitudes as a tetraploid but also as a less‐studied hexaploid (revised to Phalaris caesia Nees) at equatorial to mid‐latitudes in Europe and Africa. In this study, growth and development of ploidy types were compared on six hexaploid and four tetraploid accessions at Pullman (PU) (cooler, wetter), and at Central Ferry (CF) (warmer, dryer), WA, locations. Six phenological, seven morphological, and seven production traits were measured in 2010 and 201l. Plant survival was near 100% for both ploidy types at both locations despite temperatures as low as −24°C. There were frequent interactions with year and location but hexaploid reproductive development averaged 5–8 d later than tetraploids. Ploidy groups had equal production at CF in 2010, averaging 513 g per plant, and at PU in 2011, averaging 1151 g per plant. But in 2010 at PU, tetraploids produced more than twice the dry wt. of hexaploids, and in 2011 at CF hexaploids produced 39% more than tetraploids (P <0.01). Using all traits and accessions, principal components 1 and 2, explaining 67% of the variation, strongly distinguished ploidy groups at PU both years, but CF groups in 2010 were somewhat more diffuse. Although high production for both ploidy groups occurred at PU in 2011, the higher production of hexaploids at CF in 2011 suggested a potential for expanded use in warmer, dryer climates.
Identification and Characterization of EST‐SSR Markers in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis spp.)
Authors: Kuravadi Nagesh Aswathnarayana , Tiwari Pranita Bhatele , Tanwar Umesh Kumar , Tripathi Sangharsh Kumar , Dhugga Kanwarpal Singh , Gill Kulvinder Singh , Randhawa Gursharn Singh 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCluster bean, or guar, [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] is an important industrial crop. At present there are no marker resources or linkage maps available for this crop. Development of molecular markers is essential for accelerating genetic studies and breeding in guar. In the present study, mining of simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences from 16,476 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of guar was done using the microsatellite (MISA) identification tool. A total of 907 SSR‐containing sequences were identified. Flanking primers were designed for SSR‐containing sequences. Primers were selected on the basis of Tm, guanine‐cytosine (GC) content, and product length. A total of 362 pairs of primers were designed, out of which 224 were synthesized and used for assessment of amplification and polymorphism in five accessions of three Cyamopsis species. Out of 224 primer pairs, 187, 184, and 121 resulted in the amplification of SSR‐containing sequences producing reliable and reproducible DNA bands in C. tetragonoloba, C. serrata, and C. senegalensis, respectively. The analysis of the DNA bands revealed that 44 SSR markers were monomorphic in all the five accessions. Four SSR markers showed polymorphism in all three tested varieties of C. tetragonoloba. Our study gives the preliminary information on types, distribution, and frequencies of various SSRs present in the EST database of guar. The results provide the first set of 187 SSR markers for the guar research community.
Simulated Genetically Modified Triticale: Adventitious Presence from Volunteers in Four Cropping Systems
Authors: Raatz Lisa L. , Yang Rong‐Cai , Eudes François , Hall Linda M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHarvesting volunteer genetically modified (GM) crops is a likely source of adventitious presence (AP) that could preclude coexistence with conventional crops. Spring triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) is proposed as a biofuel and, with genetic modifications, as a platform crop for bioindustrial products. We investigated seed production of simulated volunteer triticale in four western Canadian cropping systems: glyphosate‐resistant (GR) canola (Brassica napus L.); glufosinate‐resistant (GLUR) canola; field pea (Pisum sativum L.); and imidazolinone‐resistant (IR) wheat, in 2006 and 2007 at two locations, and quantified crop yield losses, triticale seed viability, and AP of triticale in harvested crops. Fecundity of volunteers in the absence of herbicides varied between locations, from 3506 to 9280 seeds m–2, and with crop: GLUR canola = GR canola < IR spring wheat < field pea. Herbicides applied preseeding (PRE) reduced triticale densities between 30 and 80%, and survivors produced between 178 and 2052 seeds m–2. Herbicides applied in‐crop (POST) were more effective and reduced triticale densities between 8 and > 99% and fecundity between <1 and 1231 seeds m–2. The combination of PRE and POST applications reduced fecundity below that of PRE or POST alone in 3 of 16 crop years. The AP was >1% of the crop (weight/weight) in 3 of 13 crop years when both PRE and POST herbicides were applied. Volunteer triticale is a probable source of AP in subsequent crops that may reduce acceptability in some GM sensitive markets.
Soybean Biomass and Nitrogen Accumulation Rates and Radiation Use Efficiency in a Maximum Yield Environment
Authors: Van Roekel Ryan J. , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] physiological characterization in a maximum yield environment may identify yield‐optimization factors, lead to reassessment of fundamental crop model parameters, and provide guidance for management or breeding efforts. From 2011 to 2013, we characterized biomass and N accumulation rates, radiation use efficiency (RUE), and yield for four or five cultivars in a maximum‐yield contest field. Grain yield among cultivars ranged from 5290 to 7953 kg ha−1. The highest yields were observed in 2013, when biomass and N accumulation rates ranged from 45.6 to 64.3 g m−2 d−1 and 1.43 to 2.08 g N m−2 d−1, respectively, and when RUE values ranged from 1.46 to 1.89 g MJ−1. The observed crop growth characteristics in 2013 were near or above the maximum values previously reported in the literature. These empirical measurements provide collateral data documenting a soybean crop with grain yields approximately 6719 kg ha−1.
Association Mapping of Hagberg Falling Number in Hard White Spring Wheat
Authors: Zhang Junli , Chen Jianli , Bowman Brian C. , O'Brien Katherine , Marshall Juliet M. , Bonman J. Michael 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTHagberg falling number (FN) is an important quality trait used for grain grading. The FN test can only be measured in the late stages of variety development when progeny are homogeneous and sufficient grain is available for testing. The FN is strongly influenced by environmental conditions during reproductive growth stages, including excess moisture, extreme temperature, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to identify potential genomic regions that influence FN in a subset of 110 hard white spring (HWS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions from the National Small Grain Collection (NSGC) using genome‐wide association mapping. The FN tests were conducted using grain flour samples of these accessions grown in five environments. A total of 1740 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to detect SNP–FN associations using both the general linear model (GLM) and the mixed linear model (MLM). Thirteen quantitative trait loci (QTL) located in nine chromosomal regions were identified in both GLM and MLM approaches. Pyramiding these QTL could explain up to 45% of the phenotypic variation of FN. The present study identified several potential markers for use in marker‐assisted selection for high FN lines in wheat breeding.
Combining Ability and Variability for Fiber Maturity among Diverse World Cotton Genotypes
Authors: Jernigan Kendra , Wayne Smith C. , Hequet Eric , Beyer Benjamin , Percy Richard 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIncreased U.S. export of cotton and global competition necessitates that plant breeders continue to improve fiber properties of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.). TAM B182–33 ELS (Extra‐Long Staple) (Smith, et al., 2009) germplasm line of upland cotton, and ‘Tamcot CAMD‐E’ (Bird, 1979), a short‐staple obsolete cultivar, were crossed with 12 cultivars from China, seven from northern Africa, 10 from southern Africa, and seven from the United States. Parents and 72 F1s were grown in College Station, TX, in a Line × Tester design during the summers of 2010 and 2011. Mature, unopened bolls were hand harvested, deburred and allowed to dry in limited light. Maturity ratio (MR) and ribbon width (RbWth) were determined on a Cottonscope at the Fiber and Biopolymer Research Institute (FBRI) in Lubbock, TX on the 38 parents and F1s, and general and specific combining abilities were determined. Genetic variation existed for MR and RbWth among the distinct germplasm pools utilized in this study. ‘Allen 333–61 CB 4027’ (northern Africa), ‘Phytogen 72’ (United States), ‘UK 64’ (southern Africa) and ‘Lintsing Sze Tze 4B’ (China) and their F1 progenies from crosses with TAM B182–33 ELS and Tamcot CAMD‐E had enhanced maturity characteristics, particularly high MR values, indicating that their fibers are more mature than that from some of the other cultivars. Data suggest that MR could be improved through breeding and use of the Cottonscope.
Spatial Arrangement of Forages Affects Grazing Behavior of Beef Heifers Continuously Stocked at Low Stocking Rate
Authors: Scaglia Guillermo , Boland Holly T. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSpatially separated pastures may reduce foraging costs and provide a better balance of nutrients. The objective was to evaluate the grazing behavior of stocker heifers grazing different spatially arranged pastures. Treatments (three replicates) were: (i) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.; RG); (ii) mixed (MIX) sward of annual ryegrass and clover mix (berseem [Trifolium alexandrinum L.], white [T. repens L.], and red clover [T. pratense L.]); (iii) clover mix (CL) alone; and (iv) adjacent areas (ADJ) of annual ryegrass and clover mix. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 48; 224 ± 14 kg) were continuously stocked at 2.5 heifers ha−1. Visual and video recording observations and pedometers were used to study grazing behavior. Forage mass and nutritive value and body weight of heifers were determined every 15 d. Crude protein content of CL and ADJ was greater (P = 0.02) than RG. Concentration of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) was greater in RG than on CL. Heifers spent more time (P < 0.05) walking on RG and MIX when compared to those on ADJ. Grazing time was greater for heifers on RG compared to CL. Annual ryegrass had a greater concentration of WSC in the afternoon (221 g kg−1 DM) than in the morning hours (129 g kg−1 DM) and was greater than the concentration in the CL (99 and 61 g kg−1 DM, respectively). The concentration of WSC may explain the increase in grazing preference of RG during the afternoon; however, the reduction in the proportion of berseem clover during the last 30 d may have affected heifers’ grazing behavior.
General Combining Ability Model for Genomewide Selection in a Biparental Cross
Authors: Jacobson Amy , Lian Lian , Zhong Shengqiang , Bernardo Rex 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTGenomewide selection within an A/B biparental cross is most advantageous if it could be effectively done before the cross is phenotyped. Our objectives were to determine if a general combining ability (GCA) model is useful for genomewide selection in an A/B cross, and to assess the influence of training population size (NGCA), number of crosses pooled into the training population (N×), linkage disequilibrium (r2), and heritability (h2) on the prediction accuracy with the GCA model. The GCA model involved pooling 4 to 38 maize crosses with A and B as one of the parents into the training population for an A/B cross, whereas the same background (SB) model involved pooling crosses between random inbreds. Across 30 A/B test populations, the mean response to selection (R) with the GCA model was 0.19 Mg ha–1 for testcross grain yield, –6 g kg–1 for moisture, and 0.38 kg hL–1 for test weight. These R values with the GCA model were 68 to 76% of the corresponding R values with phenotypic selection (PS). The R values with the SB model were only 15 to 28% of the R values with PS. Increasing the size of the training population with random crosses from the same heterotic group was less important than including crosses with A and B as one of the parents. Prediction accuracy was most highly correlated with and . Our results indicated that the GCA model is routinely effective for genomewide selection within A/B crosses, before phenotyping the progeny in the cross.
Resource Allocation for Selection of Seed Protein and Amino Acids in Soybean
Authors: Van Warrington Caleb , Abdel‐Haleem Hussein , Orf James H. , Killam Arthur S. , Bajjalieh Nick , Li Zenglu , Boerma H. Roger 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is the one of the world's leading sources of oil and high‐quality protein meal. An understanding of genotype × environment (G × E) interactions associated with crude protein (cp), and amino acids lysine (Lys), threonine (Thr), methionine (Met), and cysteine (Cys) would aid breeders in their selection efforts. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of G × E interactions on protein and amino acid contents, to assess the optimum number of replications and environments necessary to provide a given level of discrimination among genotypes for crude protein and amino acids, and to evaluate the association of seed yield, maturity, and other agronomic traits with amino acid content. To meet these objectives, 140 F5–derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were developed from a cross of ‘Benning’ × ‘Danbaekkong’ and were grown in five field environments across the southern United States. The effects of genotype and G × E interaction were significant for crude protein, Lys/cp, Thr/cp, Met/cp, Cys/cp, and Met + Cys/cp (P ≤ 0.001). The genotypic variance component for crude protein was seven times larger than the G × E variance component. These two components of variance were found to be of similar magnitude for Lys/cp and Cys/cp. The G × E component of variance was slightly higher than the genotypic component for Thr/cp, Met/cp, and Met + Cys/cp. It was determined that the combination of five replications and two environments used in the present study could detect a difference of 2.5% between two genotype means for Lys/cp and Thr/cp. An increased number of plots (environment and replication combinations) would be necessary to detect a 2.5% difference or less between two genotype means for crude protein, Met/cp, Cys/cp, and Met + Cys/cp. Significant correlations were detected between yield and crude protein (r = −0.50), Lys/cp (r = 0.49), and Thr/cp (r = 0.49). Associations of crude protein and amino acids with maturity, seed weight, plant height, and lodging were negligible.
Enhanced Stabilization of Digested Sludge During Long‐Term Storage in Anaerobic Lagoons
Authors: Lukicheva Irina , Pagilla Krishna , Tian Guanglong , Cox Albert , Granato Thomas 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT:The goal of this work was to study changes in anaerobically stored digested sludge under different lengths of storage time to evaluate the quality of final product biosolids. The analyses of collected data suggest the organic matter degradation occurrence in the anaerobic environment of the lagoon approximately within the first year. After that, the degradation becomes very slow, which is likely caused by unfavorable environmental conditions. The performance of lagoon aging of digested sludge was also compared to the performance of lagoon aging of anaerobically digested and dewatered sludge. It was concluded that both of these processes result in biosolids of comparative quality and that the former provides more economical solution to biosolids handling by eliminating the need for mechanical dewatering.
Ministering with a High Doctrine of the Trinity in a Liberal Church
Authors: Wyatt Peter 
Published: April 2014

Abstract: Evangelical renewal groups exist in varied form in several mainline Canadian churches. A conference recently held by one such group called on the author to address the theme of ministering with a high doctrine of the Trinity in a liberal church. This article is based on an oral address given at the conference and on further reflection on its themes. The author believes that understanding the complex nature and development of the doctrine of the Trinity is a crucial first step on the way to addressing more practical considerations. Attention is given to the New Testament witness and to the relationship between immanent and economic expressions of the doctrine. It is also important to understand that orthodox teaching about the Trinity is encumbered by “baggage” (both historical and contemporary) that may limit the openness of more liberal Christians to its significance. The article maintains that Christian spiritual experience is the basis of trinitarian faith and that the Trinity is integral to Christian faith and pastoral practice. Yoked with an open and respectful attitude to the convictions of others, ministering with the Trinity in a liberal Church can and should take a positive and confident shape.
Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia, a rare complication of endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography!
Authors: Jabri Hadoun , Sanghavi Devang , Mukherjee Sarbajit , Dzaka-Dizdarevic Ema , Iroegbu Nkemakolam 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBacteremia is a severe and sometimes fatal complication following endoscopic retrograde cholagiopancreatography (ERCP). Several bacteria have been implicated, with Enterobacteriaceae being the most common. We report a case of post-ERCP multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia.
Renal confined sarcoidosis: Natural history and diagnostic challenge
Authors: Ghafoor Azam , Almakki Akram 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA 69 year old male referred to nephrology clinic for uncontrolled hypertension. During his follow up over two years, he developed renal disease and hypercalcemia. He was found to have monoclonal gammopathy (MGUS). Urinalysis was negative except for Monoclonal IgG on immunoelectrophoresis. Workup for malignancy was negative including chest X-ray and bone marrow biopsy. He progressed into renal failure and ended up on dialysis. Interestingly, the renal biopsy showed non-caseating granulomas, and the patient was diagnosed with renal confined sarcoidosis which is extremely rare. PPD was negative. He was treated with Prednisone 60 mg daily. Surprisingly, his kidney disease was not responsive to steroids. Despite improvement in his calcium with treatment, his kidney function did not improve and he remained on hemodialysis but needed to stay on small dose of Prednisone to keep his calcium under control. Our case is the first in the literature that demonstrates the natural history of renal-confined sarcoidosis. In addition, the presence of MGUS created a diagnostic challenge and delayed diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Although the renal biopsy did not show direct damage from MGUS, a potential relation between renal sarcoidosis and MGUS is worth studied.