bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamonds, dependence and De Beers: monopoly capitalism and compliance with the Kimberley Process in Namibia
Authors: Munier Nathan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Why has Namibia, with a dependency on alluvial diamond wealth and location in sub-Saharan Africa, been able to comply with the Kimberley Process while other states in the region have not? The author's objective is to account for how domestic political economy can influence international agreements. He argues that diamond dependency in Namibia has facilitated compliance with the Kimberley Process. The case of how Namibia has responded to the Kimberley Process illustrates how De Beers has been able to constrain domestic policy and use the Kimberley Process as a way to maintain a virtual monopoly in domestic diamond production.
Aortic Pulse Pressure Amplification Imputed From Simple Clinical Measures
Adds to the Ability of Brachial Pressure to Predict Survival
Authors: Bursztyn Michael , Norton Gavin R. , Ben-Dov Iddo Z. , Booysen Hendrik L. , Sibiya Moekanyi J. , Sareli Pinhas , Woodiwiss Angela J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although aortic-to-brachial pulse pressure amplification (PPamp) may offer prognostic information beyond brachial blood pressure (BP), this approach is limited in resource-limited settings. We aimed to derive an equation to impute central aortic PP (PPc) from simple clinical measures and assess whether imputed PPamp adds to the ability of brachial BP to predict mortality.

METHODS
An imputation equation for PPc, incorporating brachial PP, age, mean arterial pressure, and pulse rate, was identified from multivariate modeling of the factors associated with radial applanation tonometry-derived (measured) PPc in 1,179 community participants and validated in a clinical sample of 351 patients. We applied the equation to ambulatory awake BP and pulse rate values in a separate group of 4,796 patients referred for ambulatory monitoring and evaluated the impact on all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Imputed PPc values closely approximated measured PPc ( r2 = 0.96, mean difference ± (2 × SD) = 1.4±6.2mm Hg). In adjusted Cox proportional models including adjustments for awake brachial PP during 47,111 person-years of follow-up, where 648 patients died, hazards ratio for all-cause mortality per SD of awake PPamp was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.93, P &lt; 0.005). The hazards ratio for brachial PP with (1.49, CI = 1.36–1.64, P &lt; 0.0001) or without (1.46, CI = 1.35–1.59, P &lt; 0.0001) PPamp in the model was similar. Awake PPamp also predicted survival independent of awake brachial systolic BP ( P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
PPc imputed from simple clinical assessments closely approximates measured PPc. PPamp derived from imputed PPc adds to the ability of brachial BP to predict survival. In resource-limited settings, an imputation equation may be employed to approximate aortic BP and enhance risk prediction.
Probiotic Administration in Infants With Gastroschisis
Authors: Powell Weston T. , Borghese Robyn A. , Kalanetra Karen M. , Mirmiran Majid , Mills David A. , Underwood Mark A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Infants with gastroschisis often require long periods of gastric suctioning and hospitalization. The impact of these interventions on the intestinal microbiota and attempts to alter the microbial community have not been studied. We sought to determine how the intestinal microbiota is influenced by the current treatment of gastroschisis and whether alteration of the intestinal microbiota with a probiotic microbe will influence length of hospitalization.Methods:We performed a randomized, placebo‐controlled pilot study of administration of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis in 24 infants with gastroschisis. The primary outcome was changes in the fecal microbiota, and the secondary outcome was length of hospital stay.Results:Administration of the probiotic or placebo was well tolerated, even during the period of gastric suctioning. The overall microbial communities were not significantly different between groups, although analysis of the final specimens by family demonstrated higher Bifidobacteriaceae, lower Clostridiaceae, and trends toward lower Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Streptococcaceae in the probiotic group. Clinical outcomes, including length of hospital stay, did not differ between groups.Conclusions:In this pilot study, there was significant in infants with gastroschisis that was partially attenuated by the administration of B longum subsp. infantis.
Family-friendly support programs and work family conflict among Indonesian higher education employees
Authors: Afrianty Tri Wulida , Burgess John , Issa Theodora 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of family-friendly programs at the workplace in the Indonesian higher education sector. The focus is the impact that these programs have on employees’ work family conflict.

Design/methodology/approach
– A survey of academic and non-academic staff from 30 higher education institutions across Indonesia participated in the research. A total of 159 completed questionnaires from 109 academic and 50 from non-academic staff are reported and statistically analysed using SPSS.

Findings
– Work and family experiences in Indonesia do not positively align with the findings reported in most academic literature pertaining to western societies where the use of family-friendly programs (i.e. flexible work options, specialized leave options and dependent care support) leads to a reduction in employees’ work family conflict. In fact, some of the programs were found to have the opposite effect in the Indonesian context.

Research limitations/implications
– The design of family-friendly support has to take into account the context in which the policies will operates; these policies are not transferable across countries in terms of their effectiveness.

Originality/value
– This is one of the first studies that has examined the operation and effectiveness of family-friendly support programs in an Indonesian context.
Developing prescriptive environmental protection models from descriptive human accident behavior
Authors: Strang Kenneth David David 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to examine human-made oil–gas disasters to illustrate how a prescriptive model could be developed. Resilience to human-made disasters, such as oil or gas spills, can be improved by using prescriptive models developed by analyzing past behavior. This type of study is useful for urban planning and monitoring, as there is a higher probability of human triggered disasters in densely populated areas.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study examined 10 years of more than 1,000 oil–gas disasters that were caused by humans in the upstate New York area to illustrate how a prescriptive model could be developed.

Findings
– A statistically significant predictive model was developed that indicated humans in certain industry categories were approximately six times more likely to have an oil–gas accident resulting in environmental pollution.

Research limitations/implications
– A prescriptive environmental protection model based on human accident behavior would generalize to all levels of government for policy planning, and it would be relevant to environmental protection groups in any region with a large population of humans using oil and gas (that covers most countries on earth).

Originality/value
– The empirical risk management literature was reviewed to identify factors related to environmental accident prediction with the goal of developing an explanatory model that would fit the oil–gas human accident data.
Train re-scheduling based on an improved fuzzy linear programming model
Authors: Meng Xuelei , Jia Limin , Xiang Wanli , Xu Jie 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Train re-scheduling remains a longstanding challenge in railway operation. To design high-quality timetable in fuzzy environment, the purpose of this paper is to study train re-scheduling problem under the fuzzy environment, in which the fuzzy coefficients of the constraint resources have the fuzzy boundaries.

Design/methodology/approach
– Based on the improved fuzzy linear programming, the train re-scheduling model is constructed. Aiming at dealing with the fuzzy characteristics of the constraint coefficients value range boundaries, the description method of this kind of objective function is proposed and the solving approach is presented. The model has more adaptability to model a common train re-scheduling problem, in which some resources of the constraints are uncertain and have the characteristics of fuzziness and the boundaries of the resources are fuzzy.

Findings
– Two numerical examples are carried out and it shows that the model proposed in this paper can describe the train re-scheduling problem precisely, dealing with the fuzzy boundaries of the fuzzy coefficients of the constraint resources. And the algorithm present is suitable to solve the problem. The approach proposed in this paper can be a reference for developers of railway dispatching system.

Originality/value
– It is the first time to study train re-scheduling problem under the fuzzy environment, in which the fuzzy coefficients of the constraint resources have the fuzzy boundaries.
The business case of FryskLab, Europe’s first mobile library FabLab
Authors: de Boer Jeroen 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the emergence of the mobile library FabLab FryskLab, a project of Bibliotheekservice Fryslân (BSF). There will be special attention on how the business case has been established.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author examines the broader development of (mobile) FabLabs in libraries. Based on the description of sub-projects that together make the project FryskLab the approach of BSF is described.

Findings
– The design of a mobile library lab speaks to many people’s imagination. However, achieving a sound business case requires a lot more than just driving around in a bus and providing practical workshops. Developing supporting projects is necessary.

Originality/value
– At this time most publications on mobile library makerspaces are held in the realm of popular publications (blogs, magazines). Very little has been written on a wider range of case studies where mobile library makerspaces have been integrated into library services. This paper serves as an insight on how BSF developed the FryskLab project.
What to make of makerspaces
Authors: Fourie Ina , Meyer Anika 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Much has been published on makerspaces: the history, development and progress and how they are used – stories of successes and opinions on their potential. The purpose of this paper is to comment on such publications within the library and information science (LIS) literature and to warn libraries to not only focus on providing physical spaces and tools but to explore the bigger potential of extended, interconnected spaces for information and information resources and “mutations” of makerspaces such as makerlearning.

Design/methodology/approach
– The contribution is based on a pragmatic and reflective analysis of the LIS literature on makerspaces. The questions are: what to make of the literature, and what needs to be done to enrich the subject literature to support an interconnected approach to makerspaces and information resources and information support?

Findings
– There is a very strong focus in the literature on libraries as physical spaces for makerspaces, the planning, provision, maintenance and how-we-do-it approaches. Although very important this does not sufficiently explore an interconnection between makerspaces and an expanded information-related involvement of libraries, e.g. in information literacy training, guided inquiry, bridging the digital divide, research (embedded librarianship) and community support.

Research limitations/implications
– There are many publications on makerspaces in the LIS literature. They however, mostly do not reflect on the opportunities to take a more holistic look at the potential of makerspaces in libraries interconnected to the use of information resources, and information-related support and intervention from libraries.

Originality/value
– Although there are many papers on makerspaces the purpose of this contribution is to focus on extended input from libraries.
Social modeling effects on perception of the police
Authors: Lim Hyeyoung 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether indirect police contacts through observational learning models impact students’ trust in the police and their perceptions of police bias.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on a survey at two public universities in the mid-western and southern regions of the USA (921 out of 1,089 responses were retained for this study). The empirical analysis relied on a principle component factor analysis and a multivariate regression analysis.Findings– Results show that three observational learning models (live, verbal, and symbolic) significantly influence perceptions of the police. In particular, the symbolic model is significant regardless of students’ direct and indirect contact experiences with the police.Originality/value– This study is the first to examine the modeling effects on attitudes toward the police applying the classic social learning theory developed by Albert Bandura. The results highlight the importance of indirect police contact experiences in shaping young citizens’ perceptions of the police.
Music identification skills of children with specific language impairment
Authors: Mari Giorgia , Scorpecci Alessandro , Reali Laura , D'Alatri Lucia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo date very few studies have investigated the musical skills of children with specific language impairment (SLI). There is growing evidence that SLI affects areas other than language, and it is therefore reasonable to hypothesize that children with this disorder may have difficulties in perceiving musical stimuli appropriately.AimsTo compare melody and song identification skills in a group of children with SLI and in a control group of children with typical language development (TD); and to study possible correlations between music identification skills and language abilities in the SLI group.Methods & ProceduresThis is a prospective case control study. Two groups of children were enrolled: one meeting DSM‐IV‐TR® diagnostic criteria for SLI and the other comprising an age‐matched group of children with TD. All children received a melody and a song identification test, together with a test battery assessing receptive and productive language abilities.Outcomes & Results30 children with SLI (mean age = 56 ± 9 months) and 23 with TD (mean age = 60 ± 10 months) were included. Melody and song identification scores among SLI children were significantly lower than those of TD children, and in both groups song identification scores were significantly higher than melody identification scores. Song identification skills bore a significant correlation to chronological age in both groups (TD: r = 0.529, p = 0.009; SLI: r = 0.506, p = 0.004). Whereas no other variables were found explaining the variability of melody or song identification scores in either group, the correlation between language comprehension and song identification in the SLI group approached significance (r = 0.166, p = 0.076).Conclusions & ImplicationsThe poorer music perception skills of SLI children as compared with TD ones suggests that SLI may also affect music perception. Therefore, training programmes that simultaneously stimulate via language and music may prove useful in the rehabilitation of children affected by SLI.
Satyrization and satyrization‐resistance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species
Authors: Bargielowski Irka Ewa , Lounibos Leon Philip 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCompetitive displacements or reductions of resident populations of insects, often effected by a related species, may be caused by a variety of mechanisms. Satyrization is a form of mating interference in which males of one species mate with females of another species, significantly decreasing their fitness and not generating hybrids. Satyrization has been established to be the probable cause of competitive displacements of resident mosquitoes by invasive species, especially ofAedes aegyptibyAedes albopictus, two important vectors of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Mathematical models predict that even low levels of asymmetric mating interference are capable of producing competitive displacements or reductions. Couplings of virginAe. aegyptifemales withAe. albopictusmales effectively sterilize these females through the monogamizing actions of male accessory gland products, but the converse interspecific mating does not impact the future reproduction ofAe. albopictusfemales. Populations ofAe. aegyptiexposed to satyrization quickly evolve resistance to interspecific mating, which is believed to ameliorate reproductive interference from, and promote co‐existence with,Ae. albopictus. The evolution of satyrization resistance amongAe. aegyptiin laboratory cages is accompanied by fitness costs, such as reduced fecundity and slower receptivity to conspecific males. Cage experiments and field observations indicate thatAe. albopictusmales are capable of satyrizing females of other species of theStegomyiasubgenus, potentially leading to competitive displacements, and possible extinctions, especially of endemic species on islands. Examination of other examples of reproductive interference in insects reveals few parallels to the mechanism and outcomes of satyrization byAe. albopictus. We conclude by posing the hypothesis that satyrization may favor the ecological success ofAe. albopictus, and suggest many lines for future research on this phenomenon.
Effect of roflumilast on airway remodelling in a murine model of chronic asthma
Authors: Kim S. W. , Kim J. H. , Park C. K. , Kim T. J. , Lee S. Y. , Kim Y. K. , Kwon S. S. , Rhee C. K. , Yoon H. K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundAirway remodelling is associated with irreversible, or partially reversible, airflow obstruction and ultimately unresponsiveness to asthma therapies such as corticosteroids. Roflumilast is a selective phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitor that has an anti‐inflammatory effect in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to study the effect of roflumilast on airway inflammation and remodelling in a murine model of chronic asthma.MethodsBALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were chronically exposed to intranasal OVA administration twice a week for additional 3 months. Roflumilast was administered orally during the intranasal OVA challenge. A lung fibroblast cell line was used in the proliferation assay.ResultsCompared with control mice, mice chronically exposed to OVA developed eosinophilic airway inflammation, airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR), and exhibited features of airway remodelling. Administration of roflumilast significantly inhibited airway inflammation and AHR. Roflumilast also significantly decreased goblet cell hyperplasia and pulmonary fibrosis, which are parameters of airway remodelling. The levels of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids were significantly lower in the roflumilast group. In vitro, roflumilast significantly inhibited stem cell factor (SCF)‐induced cell proliferation of fibroblasts. The SCF concentration and mRNA expression in a murine model also significantly decreased with roflumilast treatment.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the administration of roflumilast regulates airway inflammation, AHR, and airway remodelling in a model of chronic asthma. The beneficial effects from roflumilast may be related to the SCF/c‐kit pathway.
Positive plant and bird diversity response to experimental deer population reduction after decades of uncontrolled browsing
Authors: Chollet Simon , Padié Sophie , Stockton Stephen , Allombert Sylvain , Gaston Anthony J. , Martin Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimDuring the 20th century, deer (family Cervidae), both native and introduced populations, dramatically increased in abundance in many parts of the world and became seen as major threats to biodiversity in forest ecosystems. Here, we evaluated the consequences that restoring top‐down herbivore population control has on plants and birds.LocationForest ecosystems of Haida Gwaii (British Columbia, Canada) where introduced black‐tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) have dramatically limited tree regeneration and simplified understorey plant, insect and bird assemblages.MethodsWe experimentally assessed ecosystem‐wide responses of plant and bird communities to a ~80% reduction of deer abundance on two medium‐sized islands (146 and 249 ha). We monitored changes in plant and bird communities for the 13 years following the start of culling and used two islands without culling and a set of exclosures as controls.ResultsNative plant communities increased in cover and richness after culling, while introduced plants decreased. Birds that depend on understorey vegetation for feeding and/or breeding increased significantly after deer were reduced in abundance but species not dependent on understorey vegetation did not. Finally, on control islands, plant and bird communities were stable or declined throughout the study period.Main conclusionsBiodiversity losses caused by current continental‐scale trends of increasing deer populations are potentially reversible. We demonstrate that controlling large herbivore populations (native or introduced) offers significant conservation benefits to forest understorey plant communities, even to those most negatively affected by uncontrolled browsing. We also report, for the first time, strong evidence that higher trophic levels (birds) can respond rapidly and positively to herbivore density control.
Cardiac Amorphous Tumor on the Mitral Valve
Authors: Gecmen Cetin , Inanir Mehmet , Gecmen Gonca G. , Yilmaz Fatih , Ozdemir Nihal 
Published: November 2015

Mini‐AbstractA 62‐year‐old male patient with a history of hypertension, dialysis‐dependent chronic renal failure, and coronary artery bypass graft presented to our clinic with dyspnea. Transthoracic echocardiographic assessment revealed moderate aortic stenosis (mean gradient: 32 mmHg), mild left ventricular systolic dysfunction (global left ventricle ejection fraction: 45%), and a mobile, racket‐shaped hyperechogenic mass of 2.1 × 1.1 cm in posterior mitral leaflet, which partially moved into the left ventricle during diastole. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed the mobile mass on the posterior leaflet as well as mild mitral regurgitation. During surgery, the mass was excised from the P2 scallop of posterior mitral leaflet. On histologic examination, hematoxylin and eosin–stained section of the 10 × 20 mm mass showed calcified nodules on an amorphous background of fibrin material and foreign body giant cells.