bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participation Patterns Among Mexican–American Parents Enrolled in a Universal Intervention and Their Association with Child Externalizing Outcomes
Authors: Mauricio Anne M. , Tein Jenn-Yun , Gonzales Nancy A. , Millsap Roger E. , Dumka Larry E. , Berkel Cady 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study used growth mixture modeling to examine attendance trajectories among 292 Mexican–American primary female caregivers enrolled in a universal preventive intervention and the effects of health beliefs, participation intentions, cultural influences, and intervention group cohesion on trajectory group membership as well as trajectory group differences on a distal outcome, immediate posttest teacher report of child externalizing (T2). Results supported four trajectory groups—early terminators (ET), mid‐program terminators (MPT), low‐risk persistent attenders (LRPA), and high‐risk persistent attenders (HRPA). Compared with LRPAs, caregivers classified as HRPAs had weaker familism values, less parenting efficacy, and higher externalizing children with lower GPAs. Caregivers in the two persistent attender groups reported strong group cohesion and providers rated these caregivers as having strong participation intentions. Children of caregivers in the LRPA group had the lowest T2 child externalizing. Children of caregivers in the MPT group had lower T2 externalizing than did those of the ET group, suggesting partial intervention dosage can benefit families. Despite high levels of attendance, children of caregivers in the HRPA had the highest T2 externalizing, suggesting this high‐risk group needed either more intensive services or a longer period for parents to implement program skills to evidence change in child externalizing.
Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing: UK Genetic Counselors’ Experiences and Perspectives
Authors: Alexander Elizabeth , Kelly Susan , Kerzin‐Storrar Lauren 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo date, NIPT in the UK has been predominately used in the health service for early sexing of pregnancies at known risk of sex‐linked conditions. Developments in the technology are broadening its use to diagnostic testing for paternally inherited genetic conditions and for detection of aneuploidy. This study aimed to examine the experiences of UK genetic counselors with offering NIPT for sexing, and to explore their views on future uses of the technology. Twenty interviews with practicing GC's from four centres were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using modified grounded theory. Participants all had experience of counseling patients around prenatal diagnosis and 18/20 had experience of offering NIPT. GCs reported initially feeling cautious about offering the test, although they saw it as a positive advance for their patients at genetic risk. Emphasis was placed on accuracy, adequate counseling provision and gatekeeping with concerns expressed about broadening its use in the routine antenatal setting. Findings indicate the genetics model for offering prenatal testing to high risk patients can incorporate NIPT and the profession may have a role in informing its implementation in wider healthcare settings. In a wider context this study highlights the challenges new technologies bring to genetic counselors’ practice and service structure.
Thumb Volar Plate Reconstruction Utilizing Extensor Pollicis Brevis Autograft: Evaluation of a New Technique
Authors: Taylor Kenneth F. , Levy Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2014

Background Sagittal plane instability of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint is a difficult problem with numerous surgical techniques described. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate a technique in which a distally based extensor pollicis brevis tendon autograft is utilized to reconstruct the deficient volar plate. Methods This is a retrospective case series of four patients who were followed a minimum of 2 years after this procedure. Patient demographics, return to work status, and objective outcomes are reported. Results This technique compared favorably to those previously described, in terms of technical ease, functional results, and patient satisfaction. Each patient returned to his previous activity level and was maintained on active duty in his current military occupational specialty. None required a permanent profile to limit the physical demands of his job. Conclusions Preliminary data suggests this technique is anatomically sound, technically less demanding, and requires minimal surgical dissection compared to previously described procedures.
The effect of antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines on surgical‐site infections associated with cesarean delivery
Authors: Skjeldestad Finn Egil , Bjørnholt Jørgen V. , Gran Jon M. , Erisken Hanne‐Merete 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Norwegian antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines on rates of superficial and deep surgical‐site infections (SSIs) associated with cesarean delivery (CD).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted that analyzed the physician‐diagnosed SSIs by regimen of antibiotic prophylaxis among women who underwent planned or emergency CD at one of 42 hospitals between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2010. The antibiotic prophylaxis regimen was verified using a hospital survey, whereas guideline compliance was assessed as part of the mandatory Norwegian Surveillance System for Healthcare‐Associated Infections.ResultsData for 4498 patients were used. Hospitals that practiced antibiotic prophylaxis for all CDs (n = 4) provided antibiotics more often in both emergency and planned CDs than did those that used this approach for emergency CDs only (n = 33) or had no written guidelines or used prophylaxis on indication only (n = 5) (P < 0.001). The provision of antibiotic prophylaxis for all cases of CD was associated with markedly lowered rates of superficial SSIs among planned CDs, whereas no differences in rates of deep SSIs were observed between the guidelines in either planned or emergency CDs.ConclusionHospitals that provided antibiotic prophylaxis to all women undergoing CD reported high compliance and had reduced rates of superficial SSIs among planned CDs.
Development of a physiotherapy-led balance clinic: the Aintree model
Authors: Kasbekar A V , Mullin N , Morrow C , Youssef A M , Kay T , Lesser T H 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:To create a ‘one-stop’ clinic in which assessment, diagnosis, treatment and therapies for most patients presenting with balance and dizziness disorders are delivered simultaneously.Methods:Patients triaged via referral letters were selected to attend the balance clinic, which is led by specialist balance physiotherapists. Patients were seen by an audiologist, and a ‘balance’ ENT consultant was available for joint consultations when required. Further details of the clinic set up are discussed.Results:Over an 18-month period, 200 new ‘dizzy’ patients attended the clinic. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and labyrinthitis were the commonest diagnoses. Fifty per cent of all patients were discharged after a single clinic visit. Questionnaires showed that patient satisfaction was high.Conclusion:The physiotherapy-led balance clinic has reduced patient waiting times to be seen, has a high level of patient satisfaction and is economically beneficial.
Outbreak of leptospirosis during a scout camp in the Luxembourg Belgian province, Belgium, summer 2012
Authors: MORI M. , VAN ESBROECK M. , DEPOORTER S. , DECALUWE W. , VANDECASTEELE S. J. , FRETIN D. , REYNDERS M. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYAn outbreak of leptospirosis occurred in the South of Belgium, during August 2012, in teenagers who participated in two consecutive adventure scout camps near the Semois river. Among the symptomatic patient population (ten scouts), clinical manifestations included headache (70%), myalgia (50%), fever (50%), bilateral conjunctival injection (50%), general malaise (30%), vomiting (20%), anorexia (20%) and cough (20%). Some of the cases presented elevated blood creatinine (40%), or proteinuria (30%). Three patients were confirmed by serology and one by polymerase chain reaction. Potential risk factors included direct contact with a muskrat and indirect contact with potentially contaminated environments including the river water. Prospective environmental investigation carried out near the river banks 2 weeks after the outbreak identified Ondatra zibethicus (muskrat) as one Leptospira sp. reservoir.
Intra- and inter-generic transfer of pathogenicity island-encoded virulence genes by cos phages
Authors: Chen John , Carpena Nuria , Quiles-Puchalt Nuria , Ram Geeta , Novick Richard P , Penadés José R 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Bacteriophage-mediated horizontal gene transfer is one of the primary driving forces of bacterial evolution. The pac-type phages are generally thought to facilitate most of the phage-mediated gene transfer between closely related bacteria, including that of mobile genetic elements-encoded virulence genes. In this study, we report that staphylococcal cos-type phages transferred the Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island SaPIbov5 to non-aureus staphylococcal species and also to different genera. Our results describe the first intra- and intergeneric transfer of a pathogenicity island by a cos phage, and highlight a gene transfer mechanism that may have important implications for pathogen evolution.
Missing driver in the Sun–Earth connection from energetic electron precipitation impacts mesospheric ozone
Authors: Andersson M. E. , Verronen P. T. , Rodger C. J. , Clilverd M. A. , Seppälä A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEnergetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the Earth’s outer radiation belt continuously affects the chemical composition of the polar mesosphere. EEP can contribute to catalytic ozone loss in the mesosphere through ionization and enhanced production of odd hydrogen. However, the long-term mesospheric ozone variability caused by EEP has not been quantified or confirmed to date. Here we show, using observations from three different satellite instruments, that EEP events strongly affect ozone at 60–80 km, leading to extremely large (up to 90%) short-term ozone depletion. This impact is comparable to that of large, but much less frequent, solar proton events. On solar cycle timescales, we find that EEP causes ozone variations of up to 34% at 70–80 km. With such a magnitude, it is reasonable to suspect that EEP could be an important part of solar influence on the atmosphere and climate system.
A designed peptide targeting CXCR4 displays anti-acute myelocytic leukemia activity in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Xiaojin , Guo Hua , Yang Yanlian , Meng Jie , Liu Jian , Wang Chen , Xu Haiyan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeukemia cells highly expressing chemokine receptor CXCR4 can actively response to stroma derived factor 1α (CXCL12), trafficking and homing to the marrow microenvironment, which causes poor prognosis and relapse. Here we demonstrate that a novel designed peptide (E5) targeting CXCR4 inhibits CXCL12- and stroma-induced activation in multiple acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) cell lines and displays anti-AML activity. We show that E5 has high affinity to multiple AML cells with high CXCR4 level in a concentration dependent manner. E5 significantly inhibits CXCL12- or murine stromal cell (MS-5)-induced migration of leukemia cells and prevents the cells from adhering to stromal cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that E5 down-regulates CXCL12-induced phosphorylation of Akt, Erk and p38, which affects the cytoskeleton F-actin organization and ultimately results in the inhibition of CXCL12- and stroma-mediated leukemia cell responses. E5 can induce concentration-dependent apoptosis in the four AML cell lines tested while did not affect the viability of MS-5 or human umbilical vein cell (ea.hy926) even at 80 µM, both of which have a low level of CXCR4. In vivo experimental results show that immunocompromised mice transplanted with HL-60 cells survived longer when treated with E5 twice a week in comparison to those treated with cyclophosphamide.
Nondestructive natural gas hydrate recovery driven by air and carbon dioxide
Authors: Kang Hyery , Koh Dong-Yeun , Lee Huen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCurrent technologies for production of natural gas hydrates (NGH), which include thermal stimulation, depressurization and inhibitor injection, have raised concerns over unintended consequences. The possibility of catastrophic slope failure and marine ecosystem damage remain serious challenges to safe NGH production. As a potential approach, this paper presents air-driven NGH recovery from permeable marine sediments induced by simultaneous mechanisms for methane liberation (NGH decomposition) and CH4-air or CH4-CO2/air replacement. Air is diffused into and penetrates NGH and, on its surface, forms a boundary between the gas and solid phases. Then spontaneous melting proceeds until the chemical potentials become equal in both phases as NGH depletion continues and self-regulated CH4-air replacement occurs over an arbitrary point. We observed the existence of critical methane concentration forming the boundary between decomposition and replacement mechanisms in the NGH reservoirs. Furthermore, when CO2 was added, we observed a very strong, stable, self-regulating process of exchange (CH4 replaced by CO2/air; hereafter CH4-CO2/air) occurring in the NGH. The proposed process will work well for most global gas hydrate reservoirs, regardless of the injection conditions or geothermal gradient.
Efficient replication of Epstein–Barr virus in stratified epithelium in vitro
Authors: Temple Rachel M. , Zhu Junjia , Budgeon Lynn , Christensen Neil David , Meyers Craig , Sample Clare E. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Epstein–Barr virus establishes a life-long latent infection (i.e., no virus is produced) in B cells in most people worldwide. A specific group of latency-associated proteins is expressed in B-cell and epithelial malignancies and likely contributes to tumorigenesis, but the role of epithelial cells in the virus life cycle is not well understood. We grew epithelial cells in organotypic cultures, allowing the cells to differentiate and stratify as they do in vivo. Unlike B-cell infection, EBV infection of epithelial cultures resulted in spontaneous production of high levels of virus, likely expanding the virus pool and increasing efficiency of transmission. This model of EBV-infected epithelium will enhance our understanding of the role of epithelial cells in the EBV life cycle.
Double-stranded RNA under force and torque: Similarities to and striking differences from double-stranded DNA
Authors: Lipfert Jan , Skinner Gary M. , Keegstra Johannes M. , Hensgens Toivo , Jager Tessa , Dulin David , Köber Mariana , Yu Zhongbo , Donkers Serge P. , Chou Fang-Chieh , Das Rhiju , Dekker Nynke H. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
RNA, like DNA, can form double helices held together by the pairing of complementary bases, and such helices are ubiquitous in functional RNAs. Here we apply external forces and torques to individual double-stranded RNA molecules to determine the mechanical properties and conformational transitions of these fundamental biological building blocks. For small forces and torques, RNA helices behave like elastic rods, and we have determined their bending, stretching, and twisting stiffness. Surprisingly, we find that RNA shortens when it is overwound, whereas DNA lengthens. Finally, we twist RNA until it buckles and forms a loop, and find the timescale of this transition to be much slower for RNA compared with DNA, suggesting unexpected differences in their flexibilities on short length scales.
Role of pyruvate kinase M2 in transcriptional regulation leading to epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Authors: Hamabe Atsushi , Konno Masamitsu , Tanuma Nobuhiro , Shima Hiroshi , Tsunekuni Kenta , Kawamoto Koichi , Nishida Naohiro , Koseki Jun , Mimori Koshi , Gotoh Noriko , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki , Ishii Hideshi 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Our study shows that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), an alternatively spliced variant of the pyruvate kinase gene, mediates epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is critical for cancer cells to acquire invasive potential. Our study demonstrates that EMT stimulates nuclear translocation of PKM2 and decreases epithelial cadherin transcription (a requirement for EMT induction). Our results also demonstrate that PKM2 interacts with the transcriptional factor TGF-β–induced factor homeobox 2, which induces the deacetylation of histone H3, resulting in repressed E-cadherin expression. The precise understanding of nuclear PKM2 function suggests the potential for a model preventing cancer metastasis.
Maternal age effect and severe germ-line bottleneck in the inheritance of human mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Rebolledo-Jaramillo Boris , Su Marcia Shu-Wei , Stoler Nicholas , McElhoe Jennifer A. , Dickins Benjamin , Blankenberg Daniel , Korneliussen Thorfinn S. , Chiaromonte Francesca , Nielsen Rasmus , Holland Mitchell M. , Paul Ian M. , Nekrutenko Anton , Makova Kateryna D. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
The frequency of intraindividual mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphisms—heteroplasmies—can change dramatically from mother to child owing to the mitochondrial bottleneck at oogenesis. For deleterious heteroplasmies such a change may transform alleles that are benign at low frequency in a mother into disease-causing alleles when at a high frequency in her child. Our study estimates the mtDNA germ-line bottleneck to be small (30–35) and documents a positive association between the number of child heteroplasmies and maternal age at fertilization, enabling prediction of transmission of disease-causing variants and informing mtDNA evolution.
Central domain of IL-33 is cleaved by mast cell proteases for potent activation of group-2 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Lefrançais Emma , Duval Anais , Mirey Emilie , Roga Stéphane , Espinosa Eric , Cayrol Corinne , Girard Jean-Philippe 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an IL-1 family cytokine with important roles in type-2 immunity and human asthma. IL-33 is a key activator of the recently described group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), which are involved in the initiation of allergic inflammation. Here, we investigated the mechanisms regulating IL-33 activity. We discovered that mast cells, critical effector cells in allergic disorders, secrete proteases, which cleave IL-33 and generate mature forms with increased biological activity. We demonstrate that these mature forms of IL-33 are 30-fold more potent than full-length IL-33 for activation of ILC2s. Our study suggests that inhibition of IL-33 cleavage by mast cell and other inflammatory proteases could be useful to limit IL-33–mediated responses in allergic asthma and other inflammatory diseases.
Oil platforms off California are among the most productive marine fish habitats globally
Authors: Claisse Jeremy T. , Pondella Daniel J. , Love Milton , Zahn Laurel A. , Williams Chelsea M. , Williams Jonathan P. , Bull Ann S. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Secondary production is the formation of new animal biomass from growth for all individuals in a given area during some period of time. It can be a powerful tool for evaluating ecosystem function because it incorporates multiple characteristics of a population or community of organisms such as density, body size, growth, and survivorship into a single metric. Here, we find that fish communities living on the complex hardscape habitat created throughout the water column by the structure of oil and gas platforms off California have the highest secondary production per unit area of seafloor of any marine ecosystem for which similar estimates exist.
TLR-dependent phagosome tubulation in dendritic cells promotes phagosome cross-talk to optimize MHC-II antigen presentation
Authors: Mantegazza Adriana R. , Zajac Allison L. , Twelvetrees Alison , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Amigorena Sebastián , Marks Michael S. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Dendritic cells (DCs) ingest bacteria at sites of infection, signal the presence of invaders via phagosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and present bacterial antigens to the adaptive immune system. We show that TLR signaling from maturing phagosomes in DCs stimulates the formation of membrane tubules that facilitate content transfer with other signaling phagosomes and thereby promote optimal presentation of phagocytosed antigens. The phagosomal tubules are thus functionally distinct from those of lysosomes and link innate immune signaling to enhanced adaptive immune responses.
Dynamical facilitation governs glassy dynamics in suspensions of colloidal ellipsoids
Authors: Mishra Chandan K. , Hima Nagamanasa K. , Ganapathy Rajesh , Sood A. K. , Gokhale Shreyas 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Although glasses have been used for a plethora of applications since times immemorial, the basic physics underlying their formation remains mysterious. Furthermore, although competing theories are routinely tested in glass formers comprising spherical particles, little is known about anisotropic systems, despite the fact that most molecular liquids exhibit anisotropy in shape and interactions. Here, we have applied the dynamical facilitation (DF) approach, a prominent theory of the glass transition, to study glass formation in suspensions of colloidal ellipsoids with attractive interactions. We observe that DF can not only explain the phenomenology of glass formation in ellipsoids but also predict the existence of reentrant glass transitions, suggesting that DF can be the dominant mechanism of structural relaxation in realistic glass formers.
Equity theory and fair inequality: A neuroeconomic study
Authors: Cappelen Alexander W. , Eichele Tom , Hugdahl Kenneth , Specht Karsten , Sørensen Erik Ø. , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: October 2014

Significance
People’s preferences for income distribution fundamentally affect their behavior and contribute to shaping important social and political institutions. The study of such preferences has become a major topic in behavioral research in social psychology and economics. Despite the large literature studying preferences for income distribution, there is no direct neuronal evidence of how the brain responds to income distributions when people have made different contributions in terms of work effort. The present paper reports from, to our knowledge, the first neuroimaging study designed to examine how the brain responds to the distribution of income in such situations. As such, to our knowledge it is also the first study to examine the neuronal basis for equity theory.
Inflammasome activation leads to Caspase-1–dependent mitochondrial damage and block of mitophagy
Authors: Yu Jiujiu , Nagasu Hajime , Murakami Tomohiko , Hoang Hai , Broderick Lori , Hoffman Hal M. , Horng Tiffany 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Sensors of the innate immune system trigger the induction of inflammatory responses upon infection and cellular stress. One such sensor is the inflammasome pathway, which is best described for its role in the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Other effector functions of the inflammasome pathway remain less well defined, and here we show that activation of this pathway leads to induction of mitochondrial damage and dismantling of the organelle. We link such mitochondrial damage to another inflammasome-regulated process called pyroptosis, which is a proinflammatory form of cell death. In summary, we characterize the role of mitochondrial damage during activation of the inflammasome pathway, of relevance to host defense and other physiological and pathophysiological settings.