bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End‐of‐life palliative oral care in Norwegian health institutions. An exploratory study
Authors: Kvalheim Siri F. , Strand Gunhild V. , Husebø Bettina S. , Marthinussen Mihaela C. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo explore circumstances surrounding procedures and knowledge regarding oral care for terminal patients in Norwegian healthcare institutions.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected hospitals (n = 19) and nursing homes (n = 57) in central and rural parts of Norway. The questionnaire included three closed‐ended and three open‐ended questions about oral care for terminal patients. If procedures existed, the respondents were asked to enclose or describe them.ResultsThe response rate was 84% for hospitals and 79% for nursing homes. Of the responding institutions, 25% had no oral care procedures, nor did 48% recognise their importance. Insufficient knowledge about oral care was reported by 39%. Twenty‐one different procedures were identified, and a great number of oral care products used. The most common was glycerol, used by 36% of the institutions. Only 2% used a concentration below 30% – the limit above which the glycerol has a desiccating rather than a moistening effect. The most common patient complaint was dry mouth (49%), followed by plaque, food particles and fungus infections, each experienced by 19%. The most common problem for the personnel was lack of knowledge (43%) and patient cooperation (38%).ConclusionsSome terminal patients do not receive adequate palliative oral care in Norwegian healthcare institutions. Those that do are exposed to a great number of undocumented procedures and sometimes harmful products. There is a need for evidence‐based procedures for oral care for terminally ill patients in health institutions, establishing interprofessional palliative healthcare teams and in particular improved training of the nursing staff.
The relationship between symptoms and blood pressure during maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Meredith David J. , Pugh Christopher W. , Sutherland Sheera , Tarassenko Lionel , Birks Jacqueline 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a detrimental complication of maintenance hemodialysis, but how it is defined and reported varies widely in the literature. European Best Practice Guideline and Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines require symptoms and a mitigating intervention to fulfill the diagnosis, but morbidity and mortality outcomes are largely based on blood pressure alone. Furthermore, little is known about the incidence of asymptomatic hypotension, which may be an important cause of hypoperfusion injury and impaired outcome. Seventy‐seven patients were studied over 456 dialysis sessions. Blood pressure was measured at 15‐minute intervals throughout the session and compared with post‐dialysis symptom questionnaire results using mixed modeling to adjust for repeated measures in the same patient. The frequency of asymptomatic hypotension was estimated by logistic regression using a variety of commonly cited blood pressure metrics that describe IDH. In 113 sessions (25%) where symptoms were recorded on the questionnaire, these appear not to have been reported to dialysis staff. When symptoms were reported (293 sessions [64%]), an intervention invariably followed. Dizziness and cramp were strongly associated with changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), but not diastolic blood pressure. Nausea occurred more frequently in younger patients but was not associated with falls in blood pressure. Thresholds that maximized the probability of an intervention rather than a session remaining asymptomatic were SBP <100 mmHg or a 20% reduction in SBP from baseline. The probability of SBP falling to <100 mmHg in an asymptomatic session was 0.23. Symptoms are frequently not reported by patients who are hypotensive during hemodialysis, which leads to an underestimation of IDH if symptom‐based definitions are used. A revised definition of IDH excluding patient‐reported symptoms would be in line with literature reporting morbidity and mortality outcomes and include sessions in which potentially detrimental asymptomatic hypotension occurs.
5. TWO VERSIONS OF A CONSTRUCTIVIST VIEW OF HISTORICAL WORK
Authors: ZELEŇÁK EUGEN 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTNarrativist philosophy of history popularized a constructivist view arguing that historical works are not simple depictions of the past but rather are complicated constructions. According to narrativists, historians engage in a creative activity of proposing points of view, interpretations, or theses on the past that do not straightforwardly reflect past events. Although this is a broad constructivist view behind the theorizing of a number of authors, it is possible to distinguish within this line of thinking at least two general proposals about how to understand historical works. The first, defended for instance by Frank Ankersmit, maintains that historical works are representations of the past. Nevertheless, these representations are not descriptions of past events—they represent in a special way that could be characterized via a certain complexity, indirectness, holism, and a retrospective approach. The second proposal, presented in the work of Paul Roth and Jouni‐Matti Kuukkanen, discards the epistemic framework of representation and understands historical works as the outcome of specific practices. In this article, I focus on these two constructivist versions, which could be called representationalism and non‐representationalism. I analyze their crucial features, discuss their differences, and dispute the accusation that the latter view formulates an extreme theory of history. I argue that non‐representationalism does not erase the notion of the past from its account of history; it merely attributes to the past a function different from the one it has within the representationalist paradigm.
6. WHY WE NEED TO MOVE FROM TRUTH‐FUNCTIONALITY TO PERFORMATIVITY IN HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: KUUKKANEN JOUNI‐MATTI 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe central challenge of the philosophy of history and historiography is to find a principled way to rank different interpretations of the past without assuming their truth in terms of correspondence. The narrativist insight of the narrative philosophy of historiography was to correctly question historical realism. It analyzed texts and showed that they cannot reflect the past as it is. However, the rejection of the truth‐functional evaluation threatens to lead to an “anything goes” approach in terms of cognitive evaluation of historiography. In any case, no adequate theory of evaluation has so far been developed, although clearly not all historiographical interpretations are acceptable. Postnarrativist philosophy of historiography suggests that any history book includes a content‐synthesizing unit, but that it is problematic to think that it is “narrative” that structures texts. It is better to think of historiography texts as presenting reasoning for views and theses about the past. Arguments for these theses should be considered not as being true but as more or less appropriate, fitting, or warranted. The historian aims to produce as highly rationally warranted and compelling a thesis of the past as possible; its rational appropriateness depends on three dimensions of cognitive evaluation: the epistemic, the rhetorical, and the discursive.
Deproteinized bovine bone in association with guided tissue regeneration or enamel matrix derivatives procedures in aggressive periodontitis patients: a 1‐year retrospective study
Authors: Artzi Zvi , Tal Haim , Platner Ori , Wasersprung Nadav , Weinberg Evgeny , Slutzkey Shimshon , Gozali Nir , Carmeli Guy , Herzberg Ran , Kozlovsky Avital 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo retrospectively evaluate and compare two regenerative periodontal procedures in young individuals with aggressive periodontitis (AgP).MethodsThirty‐two patients aged 14–25 years (mean ± SD 19.3 ± 5.7) were diagnosed as having AgP with multiple intra‐bony defects (IBDs) and treated by one of two regenerative modalities of periodontal therapy: guided tissue regeneration (GTR) using deproteinized bone xenograft (DBX) particles and a resorbable membrane (the GTR group), or an application of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) combined with DBX (the EMD/DBX group). Periodic monitoring of treated sites included recording of probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival recession. Pre‐treatment and 1‐year post‐operative findings were statistically analysed within and between groups.ResultsThe PD and CAL values decreased significantly with time, but not those between study groups. The mean pre‐treatment and 1‐year post‐treatment PDs of the IBDs of the GTR group (n = 16; sites = 67) were 8.93 ± 1.14 mm and 3.58 ± 0.50 mm, respectively, and the mean CALs were 9.03 ± 1.03 mm and 4.16 ± 0.53 mm respectively. The mean PDs of the EMD/DBX group (n = 16; sites = 73) were 8.77 ± 1.04 mm and 3.61 ± 0.36 mm, respectively, and the mean CALS were 8.79 ± 1.04 mm and 3.77 ± 0.22 mm respectively (p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionSurgical treatment of AgP patients by either GTR or by application of EMD/DBX yielded similarly successful clinical results at 1‐year post‐treatment.
Analysis of Grinding Kinetics and Flow Behavior of Adzuki Bean (Phaseolus Angularis) Flour for Hopper Design
Authors: Park Hyeon Woo , Kim Sun Tae , Choung Myoung Gun , Han Won‐Young , Yoon Won Byong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe grinding characteristics of Adzuki beans (Phaseolus angularis, AB), also known as red beans, at constant moisture content (14.32% ± 0.23) and the flow properties of the AB flour were analyzed. A sigmoid model suitably described the grinding kinetics of the AB flour (R2 > 0.98). Flow properties of the AB flour having different particle sizes were measured, and the powder flow properties were applied for designing a hopper design. At the smallest particle size (d[3,2] = 267.09 μm), the ratio of change in the bulk density increased from 2.52 to 13.51% as the particle size decreased from d[3,2] = 1,560.43 to 267.09 μm. After image analysis, particles with more circular shapes showed a lower internal friction angle. Because of the lower flow ability, the smallest particle required larger values of the hopper angle and a larger minimum size of the hopper opening.Practical ApplicationsAdzuki bean flour is widely applied in the food processing industry, and many mixing and packing processes require a suitable dimension of hopper. Because powder flow characteristics determine the efficiency of transportation through a hopper in the silo, it is very important to identify the powder flow behavior of a hopper design while avoiding arching, which is a stable obstruction that forms over the point of the narrowest cross section of the storage vessel. Therefore, the hopper angle and the opening size should be enough to avoid arching. This study estimated the energy consumption required to obtain particles of a certain size for designing the grinding process and determined a suitable dimension for hoppers that process different particle sizes.
An intracellular domain with a novel sequence regulates cell surface expression and synaptic clustering of leucine‐rich repeat transmembrane proteins in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Minatohara Keiichiro , Murata Yasunobu , Fujiyoshi Yoshinori , Doi Tomoko 
Published: May 2015

AbstractLeucine‐rich repeat transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs) are single‐spanning transmembrane proteins that belong to the family of synaptically localized adhesion molecules that play various roles in the formation, maturation, and function of synapses. LRRTMs are highly localized in the post‐synaptic density; however, the mechanisms and significance of LRRTM synaptic clustering remain unclear. Here, we focus on the intracellular domain of LRRTMs and investigate its role in cell surface expression and synaptic clustering. The deletion of 55–56 residues in the cytoplasmic tail caused significantly reduced synaptic clustering of LRRTM1–4 in rat hippocampal neurons, whereas it simultaneously resulted in augmented LRRTM1–2 cell surface expression. A series of deletions and further single amino acid substitutions in the intracellular domain of LRRTM2 demonstrated that a previously uncharacterized sequence at the region of ‐16 to ‐13 from the C‐terminus was responsible for efficient synaptic clustering and proper cell surface trafficking of LRRTMs. Furthermore, the clustering‐deficient LRRTM2 mutant lost the ability to promote the accumulation of post‐synaptic density protein‐95 (PSD‐95). These results suggest that trafficking to the cell surface and synaptic clustering of LRRTMs are regulated by a specific mechanism through this novel sequence in the intracellular domain that underlies post‐synaptic molecular assembly and maturation.
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Leucine‐rich repeat transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs) are synaptic cell adhesion molecules promoting synapse formation. LRRTMs are highly localized in the postsynaptic density. We report amino acid sequence YxxC in the intracellular domain of LRRTMs is responsible for the postsynaptic localization of LRRTMs. This novel amino acid sequence of LRRTMs facilitates synapse maturation. We propose this regulated synaptic clustering of LRRTMs by the intracellular domain presents a novel molecular mechanism of synapse maturation.
Identifying nurse practitioners' required case management competencies in health promotion practice in municipal public primary health care. A two‐stage modified Delphi study
Authors: Maijala Virpi , Tossavainen Kerttu , Turunen Hannele 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesThe aims of this study were to identify and reach consensus among municipal primary health care participants on nurse practitioners' (NPs') required case management competencies in health promotion practices in eastern Finland.BackgroundThe NP's role as a case manager of patients with chronic conditions has been found to have positive outcomes in health promotion, such as reduced hospital lengths of stay and readmission rates. However, the challenging work of health promotion requires NPs to have multidimensional competencies in health promotion, including communication, advocacy, assessment, planning, consultation and implementation.DesignA two‐stage modified Delphi study.MethodsRound 1 semi‐structured interviews were conducted among municipal primary health care participants (n = 42) in 11 health centres from April–July 2009, and the round 2 questionnaire survey was conducted in the same health centres in eastern Finland in January and March 2011. The questionnaire was answered by 64% of those surveyed (n = 56). Content analysis and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis.ResultsWe identified a total of 18 required case management competencies for NPs' health promotion practices in municipal primary health care. In 17 of these competencies (such as knowledge, skills and ability to work independently in health promotion), a consensus was reached (51% or over). However, the need to be interested in municipal decision‐making (44·6%) did not reach consensus.ConclusionConsensus was clearly achieved for 17 competencies that NPs were required to have, and these indicated the knowledge or abilities of health promotion. Nevertheless, there was no agreement on the NPs' need to be interested in municipal decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceNPs need a variety of case management skills and abilities to realise health promotion in municipal primary health care and they need to be supported by primary health care leaders to develop health promotion activities.
Lower urinary tract symptoms of prostate cancer patients undergoing treatments over eight‐month follow‐up
Authors: Li Hui‐Chi , Chen Kuei‐Min , Lin Yu‐Hua , Chen Tai‐Been 
Published: May 2015

Aims and objectivesTo examine the changes in lower urinary tract symptoms after open radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and brachytherapy and to determine which treatment resulted in improved lower urinary tract symptoms at 8 months follow‐up.BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms are a primary side effect after prostate cancer treatment.DesignA time‐series survey design with descriptive and comparative elements.MethodsA sample of 51 prostate cancer patients was recruited: open radical prostatectomy = 20, laparoscopic radical prostatectomy = 23 and brachytherapy = 8. Data were collected at six time points: before treatment/baseline, 1 week post‐treatment, 1 month post‐treatment, 2 month post‐treatment, 3 month post‐treatment and 8 months post‐treatment. The lower urinary tract symptoms were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score, with a higher score indicating a worse condition. One‐way anova was used to predict the progress of urinary symptoms after treatments. Bootstrap re‐sampling was conducted to assess the stability of the outcomes.ResultsAlthough there were no significant differences in the lower urinary tract symptoms among the three groups after treatments, the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy group had the lowest International Prostate Symptom Score score at baseline. Compared with the baseline symptoms for patients undergoing each treatment, there were significant improvements after 2 months in the open radical prostatectomy and brachytherapy groups, and after 3 months in the laparoscopic radical prostatectomy group.ConclusionsThe prostate cancer patients undergoing the three treatments have similar lower urinary tract symptoms over 8‐month follow‐up although different lower urinary tract symptoms were presented before treatments.Relevance to clinical practiceResults could be applied to educating and counselling prostate cancer patients regarding symptoms during recovery after surgery. It could also help patients better understand the outcomes related to the differing treatment methods.
Dental erosion among children aged 3‐6 years and its associated indicators
Authors: Tao Dan‐Ying , Hao Gu , Lu Hai‐Xia , Tian Yu , Feng Xi‐Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the status quo of dental erosion in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children in Shanghai.MethodsA stratified, cluster, multistage random sampling methods was applied to 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children in Shanghai in 2012. Both questionnaire and clinical oral examination were performed in the survey. The questionnaire included general information, such as age, gender, parental education, dietary habit, oral health behavior, general medical health, and socioeconomic status. The clinical examination focused on the eroded tooth surface and dental erosion extent. SPSS v19.0 software package was utilized for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 1,837 children aged 3‐6 years were randomly selected in Shanghai. The overall dental erosion prevalence was 15.1 percent. Among different age groups, a relatively high prevalence of 17.1 percent was found in the 4‐year‐old group, and a relatively low prevalence of 12.0 percent was observed in the 3‐year‐old group. Surprisingly, there was no significant difference among the four age groups. The occurrence of dental erosion was influenced by habits of vinegar/coffee/tea consumption, mother's educational background, birthplace, and regurgitation (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe dental erosion prevalence in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children in Shanghai appears to be close to that of other Chinese provinces as well as that observed in most of surveys carried out in different parts of the world. Efforts should be made to raise public awareness about the disease. Moreover, further studies targeted to explore the relationship between dental erosion and risk factors are needed. It is also necessary to establish a unified diagnostic standard for future epidemiological investigations.
Molecular phylogeny of Chinese Rubia (Rubiaceae: Rubieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences
Authors: Yang Li‐E , Sun Hang , Ehrendorfer Friedrich , Nie Ze‐Long 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRubia L. is the type genus of the coffee family Rubiaceae and the third largest genus in the tribe Rubieae, comprising ca. 80 species restricted to the Old World. China is an important diversity center for Rubia, where approximately half of its species occur. However, its internal phylogenetic relationships are still poorly understood. The objective of the present study is to contribute to the phylogenetic relationships within Rubia, using the nuclear internal transcribed spacer and six plastid markers and focusing on species from China. Twenty‐seven species of Rubia were sampled to infer their phylogeny using Maximum parsimony, Maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. The monophyly of Rubia is supported, provided that R. rezniczenkoana Litv. is excluded from Rubia and transferred to Galium as a new combination: G. rezniczenkoanum (Litv.) L. E Yang & Z. L. Nie. Within Rubia, two clades are clearly supported. They correspond to the traditional sect. Rubia s.l. (A) and sect. Oligoneura Pojark. (B), and are morphologically mainly separable by their pinnate (A) versus palmate (B) leaf venation. Plesiomorphic features are the pinnate leaf veining in sect. Rubia s.l. and the occurrence of some species with opposite leaves and true stipules in sect. Oligoneura. In sect. Oligoneura one can assume an evolution from species with opposite leaves and true stipules (as in the R. siamensis Craib group) to those with whorls of two leaves and two leaf‐like stipules (as in ser. Chinenses and the R. mandersii Collett & Hemsl. group) and finally with whorls of 6 or even more elements (as in ser. Cordifoliae). The correlation between clades recognized by DNA analyses and available differential morphological features is partly only loose, particularly in the group of R. cordifolia with 2×, 4×, and 6× cytotypes. This may be due to rapid evolutionary divergence and/or hybridization and allopolyploidy.
The hematopoietic stem cell number in the peripheral blood of pediatric recipients correlates with the outcome after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Gautier Sergey V. , Shevchenko Olga P. , Tsirulnikova Olga M. , Kurabekova Rivada M. , Lugovskaya Svetlana A. , Naumova Elena V. , Tsirulnikova Irina E. , Dolgov Vladimir V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIt has been proposed that circulating HSCs play a role in graft survival after liver transplantation. The aim was to analyze the relationship between the number of HSCs before and after LDLT and liver function, immune biomarkers, and clinical outcomes in pediatric patients. We studied 15 pairs of adult healthy liver donors and pediatric recipients with ESLD. The CD34/CD45+ cell number was measured in the blood via flow cytometry, and plasma levels of immune biomarkers – via ELISA. CD34/CD45+ cell number in the recipients decreased within the first week after LDLT. The cell number before LDLT was negatively correlated with the plasma levels of CRP and the development of graft dysfunction in the early post‐transplant period. After LDLT, the CD34/CD45+ cell number was positively correlated with the pretransplant plasma level of sCD40L, a T‐cell activation marker. In adult liver donors, the cell number did not change within the first week after liver resection and was lower than in pediatric recipients. The results suggest that in pediatric recipients, the HSC number may be associated with graft function and could be regarded as a potential predictor of the clinical outcome after LDLT.