bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An active heat tracer experiment to determine groundwater velocities using fiber optic cables installed with direct push equipment
Authors: Bakker Mark , Caljé Ruben , Schaars Frans , van der Made Kees‐Jan , de Haas Sander 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new approach is developed to insert fiber optic cables vertically into the ground with direct push equipment. Groundwater temperatures may be measured along the cables with high spatial and temporal resolution using a Distributed Temperature Sensing system. The cables may be inserted up to depths of tens of meters in unconsolidated sedimentary aquifers. The main advantages of the method are that the cables are in direct contact with the aquifer material, the disturbance of the aquifer is minor, and no borehole is needed. This cost‐effective approach may be applied to both passive and active heat tracer experiments. An active heat tracer experiment was conducted to estimate horizontal groundwater velocities in a managed aquifer recharge system in the Netherlands. Six fiber optic cables and a separate heating cable were inserted with a 1 m spacing at the surface. The heating cable was turned on for 4 days and temperatures were measured during both heating and cooling of the aquifer. Temperature measurements at the heating cable alone were used to estimate the magnitude of the groundwater velocity and the thermal conductivity of the solids. The direction of the velocity and heat capacity of the solids were estimated by including temperature measurements at the other fiber optic cables in the analysis. The latter analysis suffered from the fact that the cables were not inserted exactly vertical. The three‐dimensional position of the fiber optic cables must be measured for future active heat tracer experiments.
SMILES observations of mesospheric ozone during the solar eclipse
Authors: Imai Koji , Imamura Takashi , Takahashi Kenshi , Akiyoshi Hideharu , Yamashita Yousuke , Suzuki Makoto , Ebisawa Ken , Shiotani Masato 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) successfully observed vertical distributions of ozone (O3) concentration in the middle atmosphere during the annular solar eclipse that occurred on 15 January 2010. In the mesosphere, where the photochemical lifetime of O3 is relatively short (approximately 100 s), altitude‐dependent changes in O3 concentration under reduced solar radiation and their temporal variations were clearly observed as a function of the eclipse obscuration. This study reports the vertical distributions of mesospheric O3 during a solar eclipse event and analyzes theoretically the eclipse‐induced changes. We show that simple analytical expressions for O3 concentration, which assume that O3 and O are in a photochemically steady state, can be used to describe the O3 concentration under reduced solar radiation. The SMILES data obtained during the eclipse provide a unique opportunity to test our current understanding of mesospheric O3 photochemistry.
Evolution and Future Trends
Authors: Vits André J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The development over recent few decades of information and telecommunication technologies (ICT) has changed dramatically the transportation sector and the way it operates. This chapter highlights some major outcomes of cooperative research, mainly in Europe, which have been the basis for future systems and services and their way to full deployment. Three topics are looked at in more detail: in‐car safety and fuel efficiency, navigation systems, and traffic management. In‐car safety and recently energy efficiency systems have fundamentally changed the design and operation of vehicles, the “connected car” will provide over its communication channels access to a whole range of services. Positioning technologies made it possible to develop navigation systems providing high quality route guidance to drivers. Dynamic traffic information across transport modes is the key service in keeping and brings another level of services using brought route guidance the map and traffic information into the car and continue to do. Traffic management, traditionally the responsibility of the road operator, is changing rapidly its scope network management within a mode and across modes in becoming possible making best use of telematics.
Adaptive enhanced sliding mode control for permanent magnet synchronous motor drives
Authors: Quan Zou , Lin‐fang Qian , Jian‐shou Kong 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAn adaptive enhanced sliding mode control (AESMC) scheme for the position tracking control of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives is proposed in this paper. The AESMC system is composed of three controllers: the adaptive model compensation controller, which is used to compensate for the parameter perturbations to achieve perfect tracking; the hitting controller, which is considered to attenuate the effect of external load disturbance and the compensation error; and the robust feedback controller, which is used to enhance the stability of the closed‐loop system and to improve the transient performance while the AESMC is in the learning process. Moreover, the bound of the lumped disturbance is assumed to be unknown, and an adaptive mechanism is investigated to estimate this bound. Simulation results show that the proposed AESMC scheme has a favorable tracking performance in spite of various model uncertainties. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of a 4,7‐Dihydroxy‐1,10‐Phenanthroline‐Based Epoxy Resin and Its Polymer–Metal Complexes
Authors: Alshehri Saad M. , Aldalbahi Ali , Ahamad Tansir 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAn epoxy polymeric ligand (EPL) was synthesized via polycondensation of 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline with epichlorohydrin under basic conditions and used to prepare polymer–metal complexes [EPL‐M(II)] with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) ions. The synthesized polymers were characterized via elemental and magnetic moment analyses, UV–vis, ESR, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal analyses (TGA/DTA/DSC). The results of polymeric ligand indicated that the molar ratio of 4,7‐dihydroxy‐1,10‐phenanthroline and epichlorohydrin was 1:2, respectively, and in the case of EPL‐M(II), the molar ratio of EPL and metal chloride was 2:1, respectively. The TGA/DTA results revealed higher thermal stability in all EPL‐M(II) relative to EPL. The thermal kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the synthesized polymers were evaluated for the polymer metal complexes using the Coats–Redfern equation. In addition, the antimicrobial activities of EPL and EPL‐M(II) were measured against several bacteria and fungi using the agar well diffusion method, and the results were compared with kanamycin and miconazole as standard drugs for antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively.
Mechanophores with a Reversible Radical System and Freezing‐Induced Mechanochemistry in Polymer Solutions and Gels
Authors: Imato Keiichi , Irie Atsushi , Kosuge Takahiro , Ohishi Tomoyuki , Nishihara Masamichi , Takahara Atsushi , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVisualization and quantitative evaluation of covalent bond scission in polymeric materials are highly important for understanding failure, fatigue, and deterioration mechanisms and improving the lifetime, durability, toughness, and reliability of the materials. The diarylbibenzofuranone‐based mechanophore radical system enabled, through electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, in situ quantitative evaluation of scission of the mechanophores and estimation of mechanical energy induced along polymer chains by external forces. The coagulation of polymer solutions by freezing probably generated force but did not cleave the mechanophores. On the other hand, cross‐linking led to efficient propagation of the force of more than 80 kJ mol−1 to some mechanophores, resulting their cleavage and generation of colored stable radicals. This mechanoprobe concept has the potential to elucidate other debated issues in the polymer field as well.
Stabilizing Two Classical Antiaromatic Frameworks: Demonstration of Photoacoustic Imaging and the Photothermal Effect in Metalla‐aromatics
Authors: Zhu Congqing , Yang Yuhui , Luo Ming , Yang Caixia , Wu Jingjing , Chen Lina , Liu Gang , Wen Tingbin , Zhu Jun , Xia Haiping 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAntiaromatic species are substantially less thermodynamically stable than aromatic moieties. Herein, we report the stabilization of two classical antiaromatic frameworks, cyclobutadiene and pentalene, by introducing one metal fragment through the first [2+2] cycloaddition reaction of a late‐transition‐metal carbyne with alkynes. Experimental observations and theoretical calculations reveal that the metal fragment decreases the antiaromaticity in cyclobutadiene and pentalene simultaneously, leading to air‐ and moisture‐stable products. These molecules show broad absorption from the UV to the near‐IR region, resulting in photoacoustic and photothermal effects for metalla‐aromatic compounds for the first time. These results will encourage further efforts into the exploration of organometallic compounds for photoacoustic‐imaging‐guided photothermal therapy.
Electrochemical Assay to Detect Influenza Viruses and Measure Drug Susceptibility
Authors: Zhang Xiaohu , Dhawane Abasaheb N. , Sweeney Joyce , He Yun , Vasireddi Mugdha , Iyer Suri S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn electrochemical assay has been designed to rapidly diagnose influenza viruses. Exposure of a glucose‐bearing substrate to influenza viruses or its enzyme, neuraminidase (NA), releases glucose, which was detected amperometrically. Two methods were used to detect released glucose. First, we used a standard glucose blood meter to detect two viral NAs and three influenza strains. We also demonstrated drug susceptibility of two antivirals, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, using the assay. Finally, we used disposable test strips to detect nineteen H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains using this assay in one hour. The limit and range of detection of this first generation assay is 102 and 102–108 plaque forming units (pfu), respectively. Current user‐friendly glucose meters can be repurposed to detect influenza viruses.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Halaven C14–C26 Fragment from D‐Quinic Acid: Crystallization‐Induced Diastereoselective Transformation of an α‐Methyl Nitrile
Authors: Belanger Francis , Chase Charles E. , Endo Atsushi , Fang Francis G. , Li Jing , Mathieu Steven R. , Wilcoxen Annie Z. , Zhang Huiming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCrystallization‐induced diastereoselective transformation (CIDT) of an α‐methyl nitrile completes an entirely non‐chromatographic synthesis of the halichondrin B C14–C26 stereochemical array. The requisite α‐methyl nitrile substrate is derived from D‐quinic acid through a series of substrate‐controlled stereoselective reactions via a number of crystalline intermediates that benefit from a rigid polycyclic template. Therefore, all four stereogenic centers in the Halaven C14–C26 fragment were derived from the single chiral source D‐quinic acid.
In vivo bioactivity of herbal‐drug‐incorporated nanofibrous matrixes
Authors: Agnes Mary S. , Giri Dev V. R. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAloe‐vera‐incorporated polycaprolactone nanofibrous matrixes were prepared by an electrospinning method. These developed matrixes were evaluated for their water absorption capacity, water vapor permeability, and contact angle, and, in an in vivo animal model, wound‐healing ability. The incorporation of the herbal drug made the matrixes hydrophilic with improved water retention and permeability properties. The in vivo studies were carried out in a rat model and showed improved results with respect to healing. Thus, this study confirmed that the developed matrixes could be used for wound‐healing applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42178.
Τhe effect of wood‐fiber type on the thermomechanical performance of a biodegradable polymer matrix
Authors: Georgiopoulos Panayiotis , Kontou Evagelia 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of type and content of wood fibers on the thermal, mechanical and rheological behavior of the commercial biodegradable polyester product, Ecovio® (BASF) is analytically studied. Ecovio® is basically a blend of poly(butylene adipate‐terephthalate) copolyester (Ecoflex®, BASF) and polylactide. Three different types of wood fibers, based either on raw cellulose (Arbocel) or selected conifers (Lignocel), with varying fiber size at various weight fractions were used for this purpose. The role of these fibers on the thermomechanical performance of Ecovio® was investigated in terms of several experimental techniques including scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, creep, tensile testing, and water uptake at room temperature. At the low wood fiber content (20 wt %), Lignocel composite's properties are predominant compared with the Arbocel composites. It has been found, that at this wood content, an efficient compatibility between matrix and fibers is achieved, leading to superior reinforcement. This trend is completely reversed at higher filler loading, probably due to the poor interfacial adhesion between the matrix and Lignocel occurring at 30 wt %. This behavior was supported by all the experimental methods employed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42185.
Versuchstechnische Bestimmung der Eignung von Befestigungssystemen unter seismischer Beanspruchung
Authors: Zeman Oliver , Guggenberger Theodor , Bergmeister Konrad , Zimmermann Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDas bisher im europäischen Raum gebräuchliche Zulassungssystem von Befestigungssystemen auf Grundlage der European Technical Approval Guideline 001 (ETAG 001) aus dem Jahre 1997 für statische und quasi‐statische Belastungssituationen berücksichtigt Versuche mit wechselnder Rissöffnung bzw. wechselnder zentrischer Belastung nicht unter dem Gesichtspunkt seismischer Beanspruchungen. Darüber hinausgehende seismische Beanspruchungen, wie sie bei der Anwendung von nachträglich angebrachten Befestigungen in Zonen erhöhter seismischer Aktivität zu berücksichtigen sind, werden durch das gegenwärtige europäische Zulassungsverfahren nicht abgedeckt. Unter diesem Gesichtspunkt und den bereits gewonnenen Erfahrungen mit Versuchen nach ACI 355.2 wird nun auch im europäischen Zulassungs‐ bzw. Bewertungsverfahren eine dahingehende Entwicklung vollzogen. Mit dem Annex E zur ETAG 001 wird diese Komponente auch im europäischen Verfahren auf Grundlage der Bestimmungen der Eurocodes ergänzt.Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags erfolgt eine Übersicht über das gegenwärtige Zulassungsverfahren. Im zweiten Teil werden die Spezifikationen zu den erforderlichen Zulassungsversuchen nach Annex E der ETAG 001 hinsichtlich Performance Class 1 und Performance Class 2 erläutert. Der dritte Teil dieses Beitrags beschäftigt sich mit Fragestellungen, welche im Rahmen von durchgeführten Versuchen aufgetreten sind.Evaluation of anchors under seismic actions by means of experimental testingThe current European approval system for anchors for use in concrete is based on the European Technical Approval Guideline 001 (ETAG 001). It is valid for static and quasi‐static loading situations and considers tests with cycling loading situations. Thereby, tests with crack movement and pulsating tension load are just taken into account in a quite reduced range. Explicit seismic loadings are not covered by this European approval system, in contrast to the US. Within the US system tests under pulsating tension load und tests under alternating shear load cycling are required. By means of the experience, taken from tests according to ACI 355.2, the Annex E of ETAG 001 was elaborated for the consideration of seismic aspects in a more severe way in the European approval procedure.The first part of this article gives an overview of the actual valid approval procedure. In the second part the specifications for the required tests of the Annex E of ETAG 001 regarding the anchor performance class 1 and performance class 2 are pointed out. The third part of this contribution deals with definitions and boundary conditions of the guideline for the individual tests. On the one hand, tests under alternating shear load cycling are considered and on the other hand a few critical points for the performance of tests with tension load and varying crack width are discussed. For each point a recommendation based on available test results is given.
Caffeic acid, a phyto polyphenol mitigates fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats: A possible mechanism
Authors: Kanagaraj Vishnu Vignesh , Panneerselvam Lakshmikanthan , Govindarajan Vimal , Ameeramja Jaishabanu , Perumal Ekambaram 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFluoride induced hepatotoxicity has been extensively studied in both humans and animals. However, the mechanism underlying in the hepatotoxicity of experimental fluorosis remains obscure. The severity of fluoride toxicity was reduced by oral administration of certain plant derived antioxidants. Caffeic acid (CA) a polyphenolic compound has diverse range of pharmacological activity in the biological system. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of CA, against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The rats were treated with 300 ppm of NaF via drinking water ad libitum alone and in combination with CA at a dose of 50 mg/kg daily for 30 days by oral intubation. CA treatment significantly prevented fluoride induced hepatic damage as evident from the histopathological studies and declined levels of serum fluoride and liver marker enzymes. A significant decrease in the levels of enzymatic (SOD2, CAT, GPx, and GSTpi class) and nonenzymatic (GSH and Vitamin C) antioxidants along with increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl content, and nitrate levels by fluoride were also prevented in these groups. In addition, CA inhibits fluoride induced apoptosis by altering the Bax and caspase‐3p20 expressions. Further, fluoride induced upregulation of Nox4, p38α MAPK, Hsp60, and downregulation of Hsp27 are the indicators for the detection of oxidative damage, apoptosis, and mitochondrial stress was also modulated by CA. These findings reveal that CA supplementation has a protective effect against fluoride induced hepatotoxicity in rats. © 2015 BioFactors, 41(2):90–100, 2015
Risk factors and consequences of conversion in laparoscopic major liver resection
Authors: Cauchy F , Fuks D , Nomi T , Schwarz L , Barbier L , Dokmak S , Scatton O , Belghiti J , Soubrane O , Gayet B 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Although recent reports have suggested potential benefits of the laparoscopic approach in patients requiring major hepatectomy, it remains unclear whether conversion to open surgery could offset these advantages. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for and postoperative consequences of conversion in patients undergoing laparoscopic major hepatectomy (LMH).

Methods
Data for all patients undergoing LMH between 2000 and 2013 at two tertiary referral centres were reviewed retrospectively. Risk factors for conversion were determined using multivariable analysis. After propensity score matching, the outcomes of patients who underwent conversion were compared with those of matched patients undergoing laparoscopic hepatectomy who did not have conversion, operated on at the same centres, and also with matched patients operated on at another tertiary centre during the same period by an open laparotomy approach.

Results
Conversion was needed in 30 (13·5 per cent) of the 223 patients undergoing LMH. The most frequent reasons for conversion were bleeding and failure to progress, in 14 (47 per cent) and nine (30 per cent) patients respectively. On multivariable analysis, risk factors for conversion were patient age above 75 years (hazard ratio (HR) 7·72, 95 per cent c.i. 1·67 to 35·70; P = 0·009), diabetes (HR 4·51, 1·16 to 17·57; P = 0·030), body mass index (BMI) above 28 kg/m2 (HR 6·41, 1·56 to 26·37; P = 0·010), tumour diameter greater than 10 cm (HR 8·91, 1·57 to 50·79; P = 0·014) and biliary reconstruction (HR 13·99, 1·82 to 238·13; P = 0·048). After propensity score matching, the complication rate in patients who had conversion was higher than in patients who did not (75 versus 47·3 per cent respectively; P = 0·038), but was not significantly different from the rate in patients treated by planned laparotomy (79 versus 67·9 per cent respectively; P = 0·438).

Conclusion
Conversion during LMH should be anticipated in patients with raised BMI, large lesions and biliary reconstruction. Conversion does not lead to increased morbidity compared with planned laparotomy.
Transcatheter melody valve placement in large diameter bioprostheses and conduits: What is the optimal “Landing zone”?
Authors: Finch Will , Levi Daniel S. , Salem Morris , Hageman Abbie , Aboulhosn Jamil 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThis study sought to elucidate the optimal bioprosthetic valve (BPV) size prior to Melody valve implantation. Background: BPVs provide an ideal “landing zone” for future Melody valve insertion. To guide surgical choice of BPV size, it is important to understand which BPV size can serve consistently as substrates for Melody valve placements.MethodsA database of all patients who underwent Melody implantation at UCLA or Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles from 2010 to 2014 was analyzed retrospectively. Patients with an existing BPV were stratified into those with a valve diameter of ≥27 mm or <27 mm.ResultsOne hundred and sixty patients underwent catheterization with the intention to implant a Melody valve. Melody valve implantation was performed in the pulmonary position in 52 patients with prior BPVs. The immediate procedural success rate was 100%. Immediately post‐Melody, the right ventricular to pulmonary artery gradient was significantly higher in the <27 mm group compared to the ≥27 mm group (14.3 ± 3 vs. 8.6 ± 6.8, P = 0.006). There was a significantly shorter time from prior valve replacement to Melody implantation in the <27 mm group. There was one patient in whom transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation was aborted due to inadequate landing zone in the <27 mm group, and no patients in the ≥27 mm group (P = NS).ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that 27 and 29 mm BPV provide a superior landing zone for Melody valve implantation with excellent immediate and intermediate term hemodynamic results when compared to smaller BPVs less than 27 mm. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Adsorption Kinetics of K2CO3/Activated Carbon for Low‐Concentration CO2 Removal from Confined Spaces
Authors: Guo Yafei , Zhao Chuanwen , Li Changhai 
Published: April 2015

AbstractK2CO3 supported on activated carbon (K2CO3/AC) is a promising means to remove low‐concentration CO2 from confined spaces. In this removal process, physical adsorption plays an important role but it is difficult to quantify the amount of CO2 adsorbed when both H2O and CO2 are present. The linear driving force mass transfer model is adopted to study the CO2 adsorption kinetic characteristics of K2CO3/AC by analyzing the experimental data. The effect of K2CO3 and H2O on the adsorption of CO2 in K2CO3/AC was also evaluated. K2CO3 loaded on the support is found to increase the mass transfer resistance but decrease the activation energy required for the physical adsorption process. The presence of water vapor is disadvantageous to achieve high physical adsorption capacity since it enhances the chemical sorption in the competitive dynamic sorption process.