bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BAUDELAIRE IN BAGHDAD: MODERNISM, THE BODY, AND HUSAYN MARDAN'S POETICS OF THE SELF
Authors: Bahoora Haytham 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring a revolutionary period of cultural production and anticolonial political commitment in 1950s Baghdad, the modernist poet Husayn Mardan was put on trial for his “obscene” collection entitledQasaʾid ʿAriya(Naked Poems). Heavily influenced by Baudelaire, Mardan's poetics provide a revolutionary paradigm focused on the gratification of the corporeal. This paper considers how Mardan's poetry, largely marginalized from the canonized modernist Arabic poetic tradition, registers resistance to an increasingly rationalized and bureaucratic social order through a transgressive poetics that displace the political onto the body. Lampooning social uprightness and middle-class sterility, Mardan's poems encourage sexual licentiousness, embrace the space of the brothel, and celebrate filth and germs. Through a consideration of Mardan's appropriation of Baudelaire, this essay theorizes the translation and transformation of Baudelaire's paradigmatic literary representations of modernity into the context of a modernizing Baghdad and therefore historicizes the appearance of modernist aesthetics in a non-European space.
GENUS OF SEX OR THE SEXING OFJINS
Authors: Najmabadi Afsaneh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent decades, Iran has witnessed radical transformations concerning the conceptualization of and procedural standards for changing sex. Psychologists, medical and legal practitioners, law enforcement officials, and scholars of fiqh have debated the advisability (in debates among health and legal professionals) or the permissibility (among scholars of fiqh) of sex-change. This article asks what historical transformations of the concept ofjins/genus have informed the debates and enabled the contemporary dominant concepts and practices that shape them. How hasjinscome to mean sex and how does this matter? The article first maps out the historical genealogy of these reconfigurations. What were some of the 19th- and pre-19th-century concepts that could be considered disparate precedents to this cluster around sex/jins? It then reviews some of the late-19th- and 20th-century reshaping of biomedical knowledge and marital practices that have contributed to the contemporary meanings ofjins.
THINKING PAST PRIDE: QUEER ARAB SHAME INBAREED MISTA3JIL
Authors: Georgis Dina 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article offers a reading of the groundbreaking bookBareed Mista3jil: True Stories, a collection of the narratives of Lebanese queers. Here, I argue, a burgeoning collective queer experience is being mapped from the conditions of Western imperialism and globalization, from the legacies of a colonial past, and from everyday life in postwar Lebanon. Resisting the urge to reduce Arab queer identities as either Western or traditionally Arab, the article suggests that though Western constructions of sexualities have certainly been influential, these identities are also responding to the local and cultural context. If we attune our readings to the affects that underlie the stories in this collection, it becomes clear that the emotional strategies to survive and negotiate the difficulties of postcoloniality are different from the strategies of post-Stonewall pride culture. Rather than stifle shame with the insistence of queer pride, this community is creating itself by expressing its suffering from the effects of shame and social humiliation. The narrative thread that comes through is not pride but hope. That is because shame, as Elspeth Probyn contends, gives access to what is most important and, as Eve Sedgwick has argued, is a resource for imagining change.
The stratum corneum comprises three layers with distinct metal-ion barrier properties
Authors: Kubo Akiharu , Ishizaki Itsuko , Kubo Akiko , Kawasaki Hiroshi , Nagao Keisuke , Ohashi Yoshiharu , Amagai Masayuki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe stratum corneum (SC), the outermost barrier of mammalian bodies, consists of layers of cornified keratinocytes with intercellular spaces sealed with lipids. The insolubility of the SC has hampered in-depth analysis and the SC has been considered a homogeneous barrier. Here, we applied time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to demonstrate that the SC consists of three layers with distinct properties. Arginine, a major component of filaggrin-derived natural moisturizing factors, was concentrated in the middle layer, suggesting that this layer functions in skin hydration. Topical application of metal ions revealed that the outer layer allowed their passive influx and efflux, while the middle and lower layers exhibited distinct barrier properties, depending on the metal tested. Notably, filaggrin deficiency abrogated the lower layer barrier, allowing specific metal ions to permeate viable layers. These findings elucidate the multi-layered barrier function of the SC and its defects in filaggrin-deficient atopic disease patients.
Structure optimization of organic planar heterojunction solar cells
Authors: Zhao Xinyan , Li Zhigang , Zhu Tongjun , Mi Baoxiu , Gao Zhiqiang , Huang Wei 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The management of light absorption in organic photovoltaic cells is of great importance for exciton generation and thus photocurrent. Sufficient light harvesting can be established by localizing the maxima of light absorption density in the region of active layer. Using organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and bulkfullerene (C60) as an example, we demonstrate the methods for localizing the optical interference peaks of the main absorbed light wavelengths inside the respective active layers. The fundamental regulations of the electromagnetic field distribution with thicknesses of the active layers are clarified. The influence of the thickness of the cathode buffer layer on the optimized active layer thicknesses is discussed. Exciton diffusion modelling is combined with optical modelling to give theoretically optimized device structures. The consistency between the results of simulation and experiments is shown, which indicates the validation of the guidance of the modelling work presented in this paper for the design of effective light-using OPV devices.
On the Building Block and Backbone Concepts of Amylopectin Structure
Authors: Bertoft Eric 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe molecular structure of the starch components has been a focus of research since it was discovered that starch is transformed into sugar by treatment with acid or barley malt extract in the beginning of the 19th century. Only in 1940 was it definitely recognized that starch contains two glucan polymers, wherein amylose was defined as the linear component and amylopectin as the branched polymer. Since then, the structure of amylopectin has been exhaustively investigated, and during the years several models have been suggested, of which the cluster model has obtained the most acceptance. During the last decade, however, experimental results have been obtained that are not entirely in favor of this model, and an alternative, two‐directional backbone model was proposed. This article discusses the latter model and its impact on our understanding of the structure, properties, and synthesis of the starch granule.
Interactions of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Erythrocyte Transfusion in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Swine
Authors: Patel Nishith N. , Lin Hua , Jones Ceri , Walkden Graham , Ray Paramita , Sleeman Philippa A. , Angelini Gianni D. , Murphy Gavin J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background:
Allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion in cardiac surgical patients is associated with a fourfold increase in pulmonary complications. Our understanding of the processes underlying these observations is poor and there is no experimental model of transfusion-related acute lung injury that shows homology to cardiac surgical patients. Our objective was to develop a novel swine recovery model to determine how two clinical risk factors, allogenic erythrocyte transfusion and cardiopulmonary bypass, interact in the genesis of postcardiac surgery acute lung injury.

Methods:
Thirty-six pigs were infused with allogeneic 14- or 42-day-old erythrocytes or they underwent cardiopulmonary bypass with or without transfusion of 42-day erythrocyte. Controls received saline. All pigs were recovered and assessed for pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation, and endothelial activation at 24 h.

Results:
Transfusion of stored allogeneic erythrocytes in pigs compared with sham caused pulmonary dysfunction characterized by reduced lung compliance (mean difference −3.36 [95% CI, −5.31 to −1.42] ml/cm H2O), an increase in protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, histological lung injury inflammation, and endothelial activation. Transfusion of blood stored for up to 42 days resulted in greater protein levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, macrophage infiltration, platelet activation, and depletion of T-lymphocytes in recipient lungs versus 14-day-old blood. Transfusion interacted with cardiopulmonary bypass to increase lung injury in the absence of platelet activation.

Conclusions:
In this novel large animal model of allogeneic erythrocyte transfusion, pulmonary dysfunction occurs in the absence of any priming event, is increased when combined with other inflammatory stimuli, and is mediated by monocyte activation and T-lymphocyte depletion.
Phasic Genioglossus and Palatoglossus Muscle Activity during Recovery from Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Srinivasan Ilavajady , Strantzas Samuel , Crawford Mark W. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background:
Inhalational anesthetic effects on upper airway muscle activity in children are largely unknown. The authors tested the hypothesis that phasic inspiratory genioglossus and palatoglossus activity increases during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in a dose-dependent manner in children.

Methods:
Sixteen children, aged 2.0 to 6.9 yr, scheduled for elective urological surgery were studied. Electromyogram recordings were acquired using intramuscular needle electrodes during spontaneous ventilation. After a 15-min period of equilibration, electromyogram activity was recorded over 30 s at each of three end-tidal concentrations, 1.5, 1.0, and 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), administered in sequence.

Results:
Phasic genioglossus activity was noted in four children at 1.5 MAC, five at 1.0 MAC, and six children at 0.5 MAC sevoflurane. Phasic palatoglossus activity was noted in 4 children at 1.5 MAC, 6 at 1.0 MAC, and 10 children at 0.5 MAC sevoflurane. Both the proportion of children exhibiting phasic activity, and the magnitude of phasic activity increased during recovery from anesthesia. For the genioglossus, decreasing the depth of sevoflurane anesthesia from 1.5 to 1.0 MAC increased phasic activity by approximately 35% and a further decrease to 0.5 MAC more than doubled activity (median [range] at 1.5 and 0.5 MAC: 2.7 μV [0 to 4.0 μV] and 8.6 μV [3.2 to 17.6], respectively; P = 0.029). A similar dose-related increase was recorded at the palatoglossus (P = 0.0002).

Conclusions:
Genioglossus and palatoglossus activity increases during recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia in a dose-dependent manner over the clinical range of sevoflurane concentrations in children.
The ATM-Dependent DNA Damage Response Acts as an Upstream Trigger for Compensation in thefas1Mutation during Arabidopsis Leaf Development
Authors: Hisanaga Tetsuya , Ferjani Ali , Horiguchi Gorou , Ishikawa Naoko , Fujikura Ushio , Kubo Minoru , Demura Taku , Fukuda Hiroo , Ishida Takashi , Sugimoto Keiko , Tsukaya Hirokazu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDuring leaf development, a decrease in cell number often triggers an increase in cell size. This phenomenon, called compensation, suggests that some system coordinates cell proliferation and cell expansion, but how this is mediated at the molecular level is still unclear. The fugu2 mutants in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) exhibit typical compensation phenotypes. Here, we report that the FUGU2 gene encodes FASCIATA1 (FAS1), the p150 subunit of Chromatin Assembly Factor1. To uncover how the fas1 mutation induces compensation, we performed microarray analyses and found that many genes involved in the DNA damage response are up-regulated in fas1. Our genetic analysis further showed that activation of the DNA damage response and the accompanying decrease of cell number in fas1 depend on ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA MUTATED (ATM) but not on ATM AND RAD3 RELATED. Kinematic analysis suggested that the delay in the cell cycle leads to a decrease in cell number in fas1 and that loss of ATM partially restores this phenotype. Consistently, both cell size phenotypes and high ploidy phenotypes of fas1 are also suppressed by atm, supporting that the ATM-dependent DNA damage response leads to these phenotypes. Altogether, these data suggest that the ATM-dependent DNA damage response acts as an upstream trigger in fas1 to delay the cell cycle and promote entry into the endocycle, resulting in compensated cell expansion.
Sterilization mechanism of nitrogen gas plasma: induction of secondary structural change in protein
Authors: Sakudo Akikazu , Higa Masato , Maeda Kojiro , Shimizu Naohiro , Imanishi Yuichiro , Shintani Hideharu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe mechanism of action on biomolecules of N2 gas plasma, a novel sterilization technique, remains unclear. Here, the effect of N2 gas plasma on protein structure was investigated. BSA, which was used as the model protein, was exposed to N2 gas plasma generated by short‐time high voltage pulses from a static induction thyristor power supply. N2 gas plasma‐treated BSA at 1.5 kilo pulses per second showed evidence of degradation and modification when assessed by Coomassie brilliant blue staining and ultraviolet spectroscopy at 280 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was used to determine the protein's secondary structure. When the amide I region was analyzed in the infrared spectra according to curve fitting and Fourier self‐deconvolution, N2 gas plasma‐treated BSA showed increased α‐helix and decreased β‐turn content. Because heating decreased α‐helix and increased β‐sheet content, the structural changes induced by N2 gas plasma‐treatment of BSA were not caused by high temperatures. Thus, the present results suggest that conformational changes induced by N2 gas plasma are mediated by mechanisms distinct from heat denaturation.
Trapped between popular fruit and preferred nest location – cafeterias are poor places to raise a family
Authors: Barea Laurence P. , Watson David M. 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Nest‐site location is a critical component of habitat preference in birds, reflecting a balance between minimizing the likelihood of nest predation while maximizing access to nutritional resources. While many studies have demonstrated the influence of predators in nest‐site selection, few studies have explicitly quantified nutritional resources or considered the interacting effects of predation and food availability in determining nest survival.

The painted honeyeater Grantiella picta is a mistletoe‐specialist frugivore, with fruit from grey mistletoe Amyema quandang representing the main food source for breeding adults and nestlings. Previous work demonstrated that painted honeyeaters prefer to place their nests within mistletoe substrates. Here, we measured the outcome of 63 nests over two years, relating survival to various structural and resource‐based variables to discern whether nests placed in mistletoes were more likely to succeed.

Twenty‐one nests survived the 33 day nest period, with 35 of the 42 failed nests predated. While few significant differences were discerned between successful and unsuccessful nests in terms of nest tree or surrounding habitat, nest substrate emerged as the most important predictor of nest fate. Survival of nests in mistletoe was 16·6% across a 33 day active nest period compared with a mean of 43·1% for nests in other substrates, a difference consistent across both years.

Rather than having a positive effect on nest outcome (via access to nutritional resources), proximity to mistletoe had a marked negative effect, with nests in mistletoe suffering a predation rate 2·6 times higher than nests elsewhere. Rather than predators targeting mistletoe clumps, we suggest that this pattern arises from other species visiting fruiting mistletoe clumps, opportunistically predating the nest contents and disturbing attending parents. We interpret this finding as evidence that the painted honeyeater may be caught in an ecological trap; the cues used to select nesting locations are a poor predictor of success.
Allelic imbalance metre (Allim), a new tool for measuring allele‐specific gene expression with RNA‐seq data
Authors: Pandey Ram Vinay , Franssen Susanne U. , Futschik Andreas , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEstimating differences in gene expression among alleles is of high interest for many areas in biology and medicine. Here, we present a user‐friendly software tool, Allim, to estimate allele‐specific gene expression. Because mapping bias is a major problem for reliable estimates of allele‐specific gene expression using RNA‐seq, Allim combines two different strategies to account for the mapping biases. In order to reduce the mapping bias, Allim first generates a polymorphism‐aware reference genome that accounts for the sequence variation between the alleles. Then, a sequence‐specific simulation tool estimates the residual mapping bias. Statistical tests for allelic imbalance are provided that can be used with the bias corrected RNA‐seq data.
Petrogenesis of the Langdu High–K Calc–Alkaline Intrusions in Yunnan Province: Constraints from Geochemistry and Sr‐Nd Isotopes
Authors: Tao REN , Xingchun ZHANG , Runsheng HAN , Meijuan MA 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:The Langdu high–K calc–alkaline intrusions are located in the Zhongdian area, which is the southern part of the Yidun island arc. These intrusive rocks consist mainly of monzonite porphyry, granodiorite, and diorite porphyry. The K2O content of majority of these rocks is greater than 3%, and, in the K2O‐SiO2 diagram, all the samples fall into the high‐K calc‐alkaline to shoshonitic fields. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREEs; LaN/YbN= 14.3–21.2), and show slightly negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.77–1.00). These rocks have high K, Rb, Sr, and Ba contents; moderate to high enrichment of compatible elements (Cr = 36.7–79.9 ppm, Co = 9.6–16.4 ppm, and MgO = 2.2%‐3.4%); low Nb, Ta, and Ti contents, and characteristic of low high field strength elements(HFSEs) versus incompatible elements ratios (Nb/Th = 0.75, Nb/La = 0.34) and incompatible elements ratios (Nb/U = 3.0 and Ce/Pb = 5.1, Ba/Rb = 12.0). These rocks exhibit restricted Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, with (87Sr/86Sr)i values ranging from 0.7044 to 0.7069 and εNd(t) values from −2.8 to −2.2. The Sr‐Nd isotope systematic and specific trace element ratios suggest that Langdu high‐K calc‐alkaline intrusive rocks derived from a metasomatized mantle source. The unique geochemical feature of intrusive rocks can be modeled successfully using different members of a slightly enriched mantle, a slab–derived fluid, and terrigenous sediments. It can be inferred that the degree of partial melting and the presence of specific components are temporally related to the tectonic evolution of the Zhongdian island arc. Formation of these rocks can be explained by the various degrees of melting within an ascending region of the slightly enriched mantle, triggered by the subduction of the Garzê–Litang ocean, and an interaction between the slab–derived fluid and the terrigenous sediments.
Types and Origin of Dolostones in Tarim Basin, Northwest China: Petrographic and Geochemical Evidence
Authors: Yongquan CHEN , Xinyuan ZHOU , Shaoyong JIANG , Kuidong ZHAO 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:In the Tarim Basin of northwestern China hydrocarbon deposits have been discovered in parts of the thick strata of Cambrian dolostones. Based on petrographic study, six types of dolostone have been distinguished: Type‐1, pink mud‐bearing silty crystalline dolostone (PMSD); Type‐2, gypsum‐ and salt‐bearing fine crystalline dolostone (GSFD); Type‐3, fine crystalline dolostone with dolomite crystals with cloudy core and clear rim (CCFD); Type‐4, deep gray mud‐bearing silty crystalline dolostone (GMSD); Type‐5, euhedral coarse crystalline dolostone (ECD); and Type‐6, xenotopic coarse crystalline dolostone (XCD). Applying petrographic and geochemical methods, the genesis of the dolostones is studied in this paper. Normally, Type‐1 dolostone shows U‐ and Mo‐depleted characteristics, reflecting a more oxidized formation environment; High δ8O and the purple color are consistent with formation of Sabkha dolostones on a supratidal flat. Types 2, 3, 4 dolostones show strata formation, similar REE patterns and 87Sr/86Sr ratios with contemporaneous limestones, suggesting a penecontemporaneous origin from seawater. Types 5 and 6 dolostones commonly occur as interbedded rocks, indicating secondary genesis after diagenesis. Type‐6 dolostone has the highest order degree (OD) values (average 0.86), the lowest oxygen isotope values and positive Eu anomalies, which are consistent with previously reported hydrothermal dolostones. Differently, Type‐5 shows euhedral texture, higher δ18O value, similar REE characteristic and 87Sr/86Sr ratios in comparison with contemporaneous limestones, suggesting that this type might have been dolomitized by down‐transferring evaporated seawater during shallow burial stage. Dolostone fluid sources, formation environments and crystallizing dynamics are summarized and possible genetic models for the six types are proposed.
Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe‐Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China: Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions
Authors: Huan LI , Xiaoshuang XI , Chengming WU , WATANABE Koichiro 
Published: April 2013

Abstract:The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe‐Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide‐type and oxide‐type. The sulfide‐type ore include siderite ore, galena‐sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide‐type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary‐exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from −2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18OSMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181°C, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature – low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2‐Ca2+(Na+, K+)‐SO42− (F−, Cl−)‐H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex‐type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.