bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors‐Induced Endocrinopathies: Assessment, Management and Monitoring in a Comprehensive Cancer Centre
Authors: Elshafie Omayma , Khalil Abir Bou , Salman Bushra , Atabani Abier , Al‐Sayegh Hasan 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the incidence, presentation, frequency and management of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)‐related endocrinopathies in a comprehensive cancer centre in Oman, particularly with programme death 1/programme death‐ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) inhibitors.BackgroundA high number of patients treated with PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors for the management of solid tumours developed endocrinopathies.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of patients admitted to Sultan Qaboos Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Centre (SQCCCRC) from August 2021 to December 2022. All adults diagnosed with solid cancers and have received at least one dose of ICIs were included. Patients with incomplete data were excluded from the analysis. Data regarding the ICI‐induced endocrinopathy were collected.ResultsA total of 139 patients were included in the study of which 58% were females. The median age of the cohort was 56 years. The incidence of endocrine‐related adverse events was 28%. The mean time for the development of endocrine adverse events after treatment initiation was 4.1 ± 2.8 months. Of the patients who developed toxicity, 90% had hypothyroidism. Ten patients developed hyperthyroidism, two patients were diagnosed with secondary adrenal insufficiency/hypophysitis and one patient developed Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Using univariable logistic regression weight and body mass index (BMI) significantly impacted the development of endocrine immune‐related adverse events (irAEs).ConclusionsThis is the first study from the Sultanate of Oman to assess PD‐1/PDL‐1 ICI‐induced endocrinopathies. The most common endocrine adverse event is thyroid dysfunction, mainly hypothyroidism followed by hyperthyroidism. Hypophysitis, primary adrenal insufficiency and CIADM occur less frequently, but have a more significant effect on the patient's health. The treating physician should be aware of ICI‐induced endocrinopathies, screening and treatment. Furthermore, our study showed that patients with a higher BMI have a greater risk of developing irAES. Further studies are needed to establish the predictors of endocrine irAEs.
Iatrogenic Hypoparathyroidism Development After Thyroidectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Alomari Amal A. , Abu Shanab Raneen N. , Bajunaid Randa A. , Alomari Lugean K. , Almehmadi Nidaa M. , Alzahrani Raghad S. , Althubaiti Alaa , Radi Suhaib 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIatrogenic hypoparathyroidism is a common cause of postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia. It has varying incidence rates after neck surgery in Saudi Arabia, ranging from 0.07% to 65.30%. Hypoparathyroidism can manifest with a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe and life‐threatening. This study aimed to assess the rate and predictors of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery and its natural course.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study used a data collection form to extract patient information from the electronic healthcare system (Best‐Care) for patients treated from 2017 to 2022. Patients' demographics, surgical specifics and biochemical profiles were recorded for subsequent analysis.ResultsAmong the 343 patients who underwent thyroidectomy, 130 (37.9%) developed hypoparathyroidism, primarily within the first day after surgery. Calcium or vitamin D supplementation before surgery did not significantly influence hypoparathyroidism development. Notably, extensive combined lymph node dissection was significantly associated with postoperative hypoparathyroidism development (p = 0.0004). More patients who underwent central and lateral lymph node dissection (n = 19, 79.17%) developed hypoparathyroidism than patients who underwent central (n = 18, 40.91%) or lateral (n = 8, 38.10%) dissection alone. Permanent hypoparathyroidism was observed in 40 patients (11.66%).ConclusionThis study revealed a high incidence of iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism and high rates of permanent hypoparathyroidism. Further research is warranted to better comprehend the risk factors and optimise management strategies for iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Overall, our findings emphasise the need for vigilant monitoring and effective management of patients undergoing thyroidectomy and the significance of postoperative replacement therapies.
Point‐of‐care testing of DNA damage markers‐8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine based on cobalt‐iron‐platinum‐ruthenium/N doped ordered mesoporous carbon
Authors: Zhao Yuxin , Liu Fangxun , Zhang Tong , Zheng Man , Shi Kun , Yang Xin , Zhao PinYi , Li Xin , Zhang Yufan , Li Pan , Wang Huan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this work, we achieved point of care detection of DNA damage marker 8‐hydroxy‐2’‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OH‐dG) on tetrapartite metal nanoparticles loaded ordered mesoporous carbon composite nanomaterials (Co‐Fex‐Pt−Pd@NOMC). Nitrogen doping and co‐metal loading were achieved using dopamine as nitrogen, carbon sources and metal linker. In addition, the presence of catechol groups in dopamine with strong affinity for metal ions, make the simultaneous confinement of metals inside and outside the pores of ordered mesoporous carbon. Then, Fe, Pt and Pd metal nanoparticles were introduced to interact with Co nanoparticles to form four‐in‐one alloy nanoparticles by oil bath and carbonisation. The finally formed Co−Fe6‐Pt−Pd@NOMC nanocomposites exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the determination of 8‐OH‐dG. A lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.044 μM, a wide linear range (0.175 μM–118.375 μM) and strong stability, reproducibility and selectivity were obtained. In addition, Co−Fe6‐Pt−Pd@NOMC realised the detection of 8‐OH‐dG in real human urine sample. At the same time, 8‐OH‐dG after DNA damage and guanine damage were also studied in this work. The electrochemical response of 8‐OH‐dG was combined with DNA damage to verify the mechanism of DNA damage. New solutions and idea were provided for the preparation of inorganic nanocomposites for the detection of 8‐OH‐dG in this work.
Deformation, fracture, and energy evolution characteristics of coal‐rock under dynamic–static combined loading
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Zhizhen , Teng Yeqi , Wang Hao , Man Cao , Ren Menghan , Shang Xiaoji , Dou Linming , Gao Feng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeep coal‐rock formations are subjected to complex stress environments characterized by high static stresses and dynamic disturbances. To study the damage, fracture, and energy evolution characteristics of coal‐rock under dynamic–static combined loading, a new multiscale constitutive model for coal‐rock under dynamic–static combined loading is proposed based on micromechanics, and it is implemented into the LS‐DYNA solver. A numerical model of coal‐rock Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar under dynamic–static combined loading is established using LS‐DYNA, and research on the mechanical and energy evolution characteristics of coal‐rock under one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading is conducted. The results show that under one‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading, with the increase of precompression, the dynamic peak stress linearly decreases while the combined peak stress linearly increases, and the dissipated energy of the specimen shows a decreasing trend. The fracture patterns of the coal‐rock specimen include internal shear fracture and external tensile fracture, and eventually, these two modes of fracture intersect to form macroscopic mesh cracks. As the axial pressure increases, the degree of specimen fragmentation gradually increases. Under three‐dimensional dynamic–static combined loading, with the increase of preconfining pressure, the stress–strain curve of the specimen will transition from “stress drop” to “stress rebound” after the peak. The peak stress increases with the increase of confining pressure, and the energy dissipation density of the specimen increases first and then decreases with the increase of confining pressure. With the increase of confining pressure, the hoop deformation of the specimen plays a constraining role, and the degree of specimen fracture gradually weakens, and the time of fracture occurrence gradually delays. The research results contribute to revealing the mechanical and energy mechanisms of rockburst disasters in deep coal mines.
Temperature‐dependent viscosity effects on heat transfer characteristics of grade three fluid in electromagnetohydrodynamic flow between large parallel plates maintained at uniform temperatures
Authors: Mohanty Rajiva Lochan , Mishra Vijay Kumar , Chaudhuri Sumanta 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHeat transfer characteristics in the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of a third‐grade fluid between parallel plates have already been examined by researchers, but studies on the effect of temperature‐dependent viscosity on velocity, temperature, and heat transfer coefficients are very few. The present study investigates the heat transfer behavior of a third‐grade fluid flow between large parallel plates, taking temperature‐dependent viscosity when magnetic and electric fields are imposed externally. The plate walls are subjected to uniform temperatures. Consideration of temperature‐dependent viscosity results in the formulation of the phenomenon by nonlinear, coupled differential equations, which are solved by applying the least‐square method (LSM). Solving coupled, nonlinear equations by the LSM requires a great deal of modification in the implementation process. The obtained results in terms of dimensionless velocity are validated with the results of earlier studies and are also in a close match with the results of the Adomian decomposition method of the current study. Results indicate that for a higher value of the viscosity parameter, at first, velocity increases with an increase in the non‐Newtonian parameter. Beyond a certain value of the non‐Newtonian parameter, velocity starts reducing. Temperature, at all points of any cross‐section, increases up to a certain non‐Newtonian parameter and then reduces with the rise in the same parameter. For higher values of the viscosity parameter and low non‐Newtonian parameters, the upper plate requires an enhanced rate of cooling. Whereas, for higher values of the non‐Newtonian parameter at higher viscosity parameters, a lower heating rate is required. The results of the mathematical model can serve to be useful in the field of liquid metal flows in metallurgical industry, micropumps, medical and biological sectors, and microelectromechanical applications.
Combined effects of rainfall‐runoff events and antecedent soil moisture on runoff generation processes in an upland forested headwater area
Authors: Vichta Tomáš , Deutscher Jan , Hemr Ondřej , Tomášová Gabriela , Žižlavská Nikola , Brychtová Martina , Bajer Aleš , Shukla Manoj Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the combined effect of different rainfall‐runoff event types and antecedent soil moisture (ASM) on runoff processes in the headwater elementary discharge area of a small forested upland catchment. The study focuses on (i) the relationship between soil moisture thresholds and runoff generation; (ii) the combined effect of ASM and tree vicinity and (iii) the relationship between different rainfall‐runoff event types and different types of runoff (baseflow and stormflow). The results suggest that ASM has a strong impact on local runoff generation processes. Soil water content (35%–36%) threshold exceedance was related to stormflow runoff generation caused by the activation of quick preferential flow paths in the soil during storm events, especially in the upper and the deepest soil layers. At the same time, unexpected non‐linear increases in baseflow runoff ratios were documented during dry, precipitation‐free, periods and when the 31%–34% soil moisture threshold was exceeded, presumably due to the hydrological connection of farther slope areas during these conditions. Multiple stormflow periods, which exhibited the lowest runoff coefficient, were the most significant events in terms of water retention and soil water recharge due to increased vertical hydrological connectivity enabling more rapid transport to deeper soil layers. However, this rainfall type occurred least often over the study period. The important role of forest stands (individual trees) in creating spatial patterns of soil moisture and preferential infiltration paths to deeper soil layers was also confirmed. These results contribute towards a better conceptualisation of hydrological behaviour in elementary headwater discharge areas and highlight the potential dangers associated with expected increases in extreme weather events.
Orally administered yeast‐derived β‐glucan alleviates mast cell‐dependent airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Zheng Jianzhou , Bai Yu , Xia Lei , Sun Xiao , Pan Jie , Wang Shizhong , Qi Chunjian 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundParticulate β‐glucans (WGP) are natural compounds with regulatory roles in various biological processes, including tumorigenesis and inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. However, their impact on mast cells (MCs), contributors to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation in asthma mice, remains unknown.MethodsC57BL/6 mice underwent repeated OVA sensitization without alum, followed by Ovalbumin (OVA) challenge. Mice received daily oral administration of WGP (OAW) at doses of 50 or 150 mg/kg before sensitization and challenge. We assessed airway function, lung histopathology, and pulmonary inflammatory cell composition in the airways, as well as proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).ResultsThe 150 mg/kg OAW treatment mitigated OVA‐induced AHR and airway inflammation, evidenced by reduced airway reactivity to aerosolized methacholine (Mch), diminished inflammatory cell infiltration, and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissues. Additionally, OAW hindered the recruitment of inflammatory cells, including MCs and eosinophils, in lung tissues and BALF. OAW treatment attenuated proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6 levels in BALF. Notably, OAW significantly downregulated the expression of chemokines CCL3, CCL5, CCL20, CCL22, CXCL9, and CXCL10 in BALF.ConclusionThese results highlight OAW's robust anti‐inflammatory properties, suggesting potential benefits in treating MC‐dependent AHR and allergic inflammation by influencing inflammatory cell infiltration and regulating proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the airways.
Effect of foreign impurity and growth temperatures on hexagonal structure and fundamental properties of ZnO nanorods
Authors: Seydioglu T. , Kurnaz S. , Tokeşer E. Aşıkuzun , Yildirim G. , Ozturk O. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study examined the influence of growth temperature and dopant concentration on the properties of Gd‐ and Ni‐doped zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs). ZnO seed layers were deposited on glass substrates using a sol–gel and dip‐coating approach. Gd‐ and Ni‐doped ZnO NRs were hydrothermally grown on the seed layers at different temperatures such as 75, 90, and 105°C for a constant growth time of 5 h. The crystal structure, optical, surface morphology views, and electrical properties of the NRs were extensively investigated by x‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, and four probe experimental methods. The XRD analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Zn2+ ions by Gd3+ and Ni2+ within the ZnO main matrices. The reordering of hexagonal structures with varied electronegativity, ionic radius dimensions, and valence electron states of Gd and Ni dopants affected seriously the fundamental characteristic features of NRs. The SEM images showed that the ZnO NRs grown at 90°C possessed a more favorable surface morphology and well‐defined hexagonal shape compared with those grown at other growth temperatures. Higher dopant concentration led to an increase in NR diameter but a decrease in density depending on the increase in the space between the NRs. Additionally, the optical transmittance was found to generally enhance with increasing dopant concentration. The results obtained highlighted the interplay between growth temperature, dopant type and concentration in tailoring the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Gd‐ and Ni‐doped ZnO NRs, paving the way for the development of optimized nanomaterials for various applications.Research Highlights
The XRD analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Zn2+ ions by Gd3+ and Ni2+ within the ZnO main matrices.
The SEM images showed that the ZnO NRs grown at 90°C possessed a more favorable surface morphology and well‐defined hexagonal shape compared with those grown at other growth temperatures.
The optical transmittance was found to generally enhance with increasing dopant concentration.
The results obtained highlighted the interplay between growth temperature, dopant type and concentration in tailoring the structural, morphological, and optical properties of Gd‐ and Ni‐doped ZnO NRs, paving the way for the development of optimized nanomaterials for various applications.
Fetal development of the urinary tract of Cuniculus paca
Authors: de Sousa Diego Ferreira , Monteiro Frederico Ozanan Barros , Mayor Pedro , Giese Elane Guerreiro , Branco Érika , de Lima Ana Rita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe species Cuniculus paca is highly subject to predation, whether natural or anthropogenic, and the ability of species to withstand different levels of depredation depends directly on their reproductive dynamics. However, there is little literature on the developmental biology of this species, and so the aim of this paper was to describe the fetal development of the urinary tract of C. paca through morphological analysis. Twelve specimens with estimated gestational ages of between 75 and 157 days were used, divided into 3 groups. We found the urinary tract in pelvic‐abdominal topography with macroscopic differentiation between the organs already present in the first ages studied; in addition, the microscopic structural pattern changed little between the groups. This evidence reinforces the precocial development of these individuals.Research HighlightsWith the results obtained for development of urinary tract in Cuniculus paca reinforces the precocial development of these individuals. The urinary tract had pelvic‐abdominal topography with macroscopic differentiation between the organs already present in the first ages studied. The microscopic structural pattern changed little between the groups. At all analyzed fetal ages, the cortical region of kidney was characterized by the presence of glomeruli arranged throughout the region, formed by capillary plexuses surrounded by a glomerular capsule. In addition, the cortical region also presented convoluted tubules with cubic epithelial tissue cells and a brush border. The presence of a developed macula densa was observed next to the glomeruli, suggesting the initial formation of the fetal juxtaglomerular apparatus.
Acute neuroinflammation promotes a metabolic shift that alters extracellular vesicle cargo in the mouse brain cortex
Authors: Vassileff Natasha , Spiers Jereme G. , Juliani Juliani , Lowe Rohan G. T. , Datta Keshava K. , Hill Andrew F. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractNeuroinflammation is initiated through microglial activation and cytokine release which can be induced through lipopolysaccharide treatment (LPS) leading to a transcriptional cascade culminating in the differential expression of target proteins. These differentially expressed proteins can then be packaged into extracellular vesicles (EVs), a form of cellular communication, further propagating the neuroinflammatory response over long distances. Despite this, the EV proteome in the brain, following LPS treatment, has not been investigated. Brain tissue and brain derived EVs (BDEVs) isolated from the cortex of LPS‐treated mice underwent thorough characterisation to meet the minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles guidelines before undergoing mass spectrometry analysis to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Fourteen differentially expressed proteins were identified in the LPS brain tissue samples compared to the controls and 57 were identified in the BDEVs isolated from the LPS treated mice compared to the controls. This included proteins associated with the initiation of the inflammatory response, epigenetic regulation, and metabolism. These results allude to a potential link between small EV cargo and early inflammatory signalling.
Assessment of the physiological performance of the invasive oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus from an atypical marine population
Authors: Maraschi Anieli , Asaro Antonela , Bas Claudia Cristina , Ituarte Romina Belén 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSince 2000, a well‐established population of the invasive oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus has been present in fully marine conditions in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean (~38° S). To assess the physiological performance of this atypical population restricted to fully marine conditions, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which individuals were transferred from 35 ‰S (local seawater) to 2 ‰S; 5 ‰S; 10 ‰S; 20 ‰S; 50 ‰S and 60‰ for short (6 h), medium (48 h), and long (>504 h) acclimation periods. We measured the time course response of relevant parameters in the shrimp's hemolymph; activity of Na+, K+‐ATPase (NKA), and V‐H+‐ATPase (VHA); and muscle water content. Shrimp showed great osmoregulatory plasticity, being able to survive for long periods between 5 ‰S and 50 ‰S, whereas no individual survived after transfer to either 2 ‰S or 60 ‰S. Shrimp hyper‐regulated hemolymph osmolality at 5 ‰S and 10 ‰S, hypo‐regulated at 35 ‰S and 50 ‰S, and isosmoticity was close to 20 ‰S. Compared to 35 ‰S, prolonged acclimation to 5 ‰S caused a decrease in hemolymph osmolality (~34%) along with sodium and chloride concentrations (~24%); the NKA and VHA activities decreased by ~52% and ~88%, respectively, while muscle water content was tightly regulated. Our results showed that the atypical population of P. macrodactylus studied here lives in a chronic hypo‐osmo‐ion regulatory state and suggest that fully marine conditions contribute to its poor performance at the lower limit of salinity tolerance (<5 ‰S).
Intermittent swimming and muscle power output in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
Authors: Coughlin David J. , Dutterer Madeline D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSlow and sustainable intermittent swimming has recently been described in several Centrarchid fishes, such as bluegill and largemouth bass. This swimming behavior involves short periods of body‐caudal fin undulation alternating with variable periods of coasting. This aerobic muscle powered swimming appears to reduce energetic costs for slow, sustainable swimming, with fish employing a “fixed‐gear” or constant tailbeat frequency and modulating swimming speed by altering the length of the coasting period. We asked if this swimming behavior was found in other fish species by examining volitional swimming by brook trout in a static swimming tank. Further, we employed muscle mechanics experiments to explore how intermittent swimming affects muscle power output in comparison to steady swimming behavior. Brook trout regularly employ an intermittent swimming form when allowed to swim volitionally, and consistently showed a tailbeat frequency of ~2 Hz. Coasting duration had a significant, inverse relationship to swimming speed. Across a range of slow, sustainable swimming speeds, tailbeat frequency increased modestly with speed. The duration of periods of coasting decreased significantly with increasing speed. Workloop experiments suggest that intermittent swimming reduces fatigue, allowing fish to maintain high power output for longer compared to continuous activity. This study expands the list of species that employ intermittent swimming, suggesting this behavior is a general feature of fishes.