bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty for the Treatment of Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture in Elderly
Authors: Bassiony Ayman Abdelaziz , Elshabrawy Waleed El Sayed , Sayed Afifi Abdelrahman Abdelsalam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Displaced intracapsular hip fractures are most commonly treated using either total hip arthroplasty (THA) or hemiarthroplasty.

Aim of the Work
To review systematically studies about the use of Total hip arthroplasty Versus hemiarthoplasty in management of displaced femoral neck fracture in elderly.

Patients and Methods
We included randomized controlled trials, including cluster RCTs, controlled (non-randomized) clinical trials or cluster trials, prospective and retrospective comparative cohort studies, and case-control or nested case-control studies. We excluded cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports. Search results were uploaded to systematic review management software and manually screened for eligibility to be included. PRISMA flowchart were produced based on the search results and the inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results
In our study there was statistically significant increase in the incidence of Reoperation in total hip arthroplasty (3.5%) than hemiarthroplasty (2.3%) with p-value &lt; 0.001. Regarding Dislocation, there was statistically significant increase in the incidence of Dislocation in total hip arthroplasty (3.2%) than hemiarthroplasty (1.7%) with p-value &lt; 0.001. Regarding Infection there was statistically significant increase in the incidence of Infection in total hip arthroplasty (4.5%) than hemiarthroplasty (3.4%) with p- value &lt; 0.001. Regarding General Complications including: (Pneumonia – DVT- Pulmonary embolism- Myocardial infarct- Cerebral vascular lesion- Acute kidney failure- life threatening complications there was statistically no significant difference in the incidence of General complications in hemiarthroplasty (5.5%) and total hip arthroplasty (5.4%) with p-value = 0.608.

Conclusions
The authors concluded that DMTHA offered a better functional outcome than BA with no significant complications or mortality, and there was no significant difference between DMTHA and BA in the rate of dislocation.
Use of Tranexamic Acid versus Use of Drain in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review, and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Kamal Asal Mohamed , Elshabrawy Waleed , Nazer Ibrahim Raef Khalaf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Total knee replacement (TKR) is a very common operation to deal with advanced osteoarthritis to relieve pain and disability. Undergoing TKR may necessitate allogenic blood transfusion and patients remain concerned about the potential serious complications of transfusion. tranexamec acid (TXA), antifibrinolytic which can minimise the need for blood transfusion.

Objective
To assess the therapeutic importance and side effects of tranexamic acid and the use of drain in TKR and to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of what has been published about this topic.

Patients and Methods
This is a systematic review study and meta-analysis on human subjects studied in different literatures collected from different medical websites up to August 2022 that dealing with the therapeutic importance and side effects of tranexamic acid and the use of drain in TKR. The study was performed in the Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University along the period from December 2021 to August 2022.

Results
The study showed that the incidence of females was more than that of males; 53.65% and 17.03% in TXA group, respectively and 6.897% and 22.45% in non-TXA group, respectively. The total incidence was 70.65% in TXA group and 29.35% in non-TXA group. The study showed that the mean ages were 66.15 ± 4.53 and 67.98 ± 5.91 y in TXA and drain groups, respectively with insignificant difference. The mean weights were 64.98 ± 3.24 and 67.79 ± 5.198 Kg in TXA and drain groups, respectively. The mean BMI was 26.89 ± 1.99 26.72 ± 1.49 kg/m2 in the two groups, respectively.

Data Sources
Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2023.

Conclusion
Tranexamic acid is effective and safe in reducing blood loss, the requirement for blood transfusion, and drain output in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty with less total postoperative complications.
Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Mucus and Tissue Extracted from Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails on Mice Infected with Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Abou-Gamra Maha M , Mossalem Hanan S , Sarhan Rania M , Anwar Mona M , Nafie Esraa H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with considerable morbidity. Praziquantel though safe and efficacious does not prevent reinfection and the emergence of drug resistance is of great concern. This study was done to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of mucus and nucleoproteins extracted from Biomphalaria alexandrina snails on miracidia, cercariae and Schistosomamansoni adults in vitro and assess their in vivo effect on mice experimentally infected with Schistosoma mansoni through parasitological, pathological and biochemical parameters.The in vitro study proved that the mucus had a better lethal effect on cercariae than miracidia, on contrast to NPs which was better on miracidia. The mucus effect surpassed the NPs as regard the lethal effect on adults in vitro. The effect of mucus on S. mansoni females and males was almost equivocal except for the effect after 72 hours where 80 µg/ml caused 100% lethal effect on adult females. The effect of NPs on S. mansoni adult females was better than adult males at the highest used concentration of 100 µl/ml after 72 hours with a 60% lethal effect. However, at 48 hours the same concentration had a better lethal impact on males (25%) than females (20%). The in vivostudy proved that the combined NPs or mucus to PZQ added to the effect of individual PZQ considering its effect on ova count, oogram pattern and granuloma parameters. The histopathological results denoted a relevant potential for NPs when compared to the rest of the groups and the control though, the PZQ still showed the best findings. The effect of PZQ alone or combined with mucus or NPs was equivocal resulting in 100% TWB reduction. As regard oxidative stress markers, NO decreased level was best shown by combined PZQ and NPs, while, as regard GSH level, the individual PZQ showed the best increased level. This study concluded that mucus and NPs had cercaricidal, miracidial and antischistosomal effect in vitro and that their combination could be considered as a sharing therapeutic adding to PZQ potentiality in vivo for the treatment of schistosomiasis for further investigations.
Potential Efficacy of Toxoplasma gondii Extracellular Vesicles in Protection against Acute Experimental Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Hassan Eman M E , Tawfeek Gihan M , Abou-El-Naga Iman F , Abd El Fattah Dina S , Meselhey Rasha A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic disease thought to infect 1.5 billion people worldwide. It is a significant food- and water-borne illness that can lead to a major opportunistic infection in patients with impaired immune systems. As a result, there is a pressing need to provide better alternatives for effective long-term disease control, such as vaccinations, as there is no treatment that can eradicate bradyzoites within tissue cysts.
Exosomes are multivesicular entities that fuses with plasma membranes to form nanograde membrane-bound vesicles that are secreted by the majority of cell types. Exosomes play important functions in intercellular communication and several of them are well described and known to have immunomodulatory capabilities. Exosomes generated from Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were isolated and their protective effectiveness and immunological responses against acute T. gondii infection in mice was investigated.
T. gondii exosomes were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy. Mice were immunized with T. gondii tachyzoites derived exosomes (100 μg, 3 doses intramuscular with 2 weeks interval) to investigate the vaccine’s efficiency by challenging the mice with T. gondii RH strain tachyzoites administered intraperitoneal.
Exosomes from T. gondii were successfully isolated and characterized. T. gondii exosome-immunized mice showed a longer survival rate compared to the unimmunized group. T. gondii derived exosomes could be a promising vaccine candidate for protection against toxoplasmosis.
Health Related Quality of Life of Children with Pediatric Mental Disorders and Their Caregivers
Authors: Mohamed Zaky Eman Ahmed , Adly Amira Abdel-Monaem , Ahmed Mahmoud Rana Abdelhakim , Abdel Ghani Ahmed Fadl Elkareem 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Studies have shown that the presence of pediatric mental disorders causes great impairment in academic, social, and professional activities as well as in the quality of life (QoL) of the patients as well as their caregivers.

Aim of the Work
Compare the health related quality of life (HRQoL) scores of children with pediatric mental disorders and their caregivers to those of apparently healthy children of comparable sex and age.

Patients and Methods
This was an observational study that included seventy-five (75) children with various pediatric mental disorders of different diagnoses (25 cases ASD, 25 cases nocturnal enuresis, 25 cases ADHD) represented the patient group (1). They were 25 females and 50 males. Their ages ranged between 4–15 years with mean ± SD of 9.32 ± 4.72 years. Another 25 healthy children matched in age and sex with the patients’ group (1) were selected as a control group (2).

Results
Caregivers of children with ASD, nocturnal enuresis and ADHD had an elevated risk of experiencing mental health problems. Children with ASD, enuresis and ADHD have a higher risk for additional behavioral problems tested by Pediatric Symptom Checklist, Child Behavior Checklist and DSM-V. Female cases, in all subgroups, had lower scores than male cases in the three subgroups regarding PSC and CBCL of attention, internalizing and externalizing subscales; however, results didn’t reach level of significance

Conclusion
Children with ASD, enuresis and ADHD and their caregivers have a higher risk for additional behavioral problems than children without mental disorders.
The Effectiveness of High versus Low Dose Corticosteroid therapy in Pediatric Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Ibrahim Hanan M , Ahmed Ahmed R , Sakr Hossam M , Abd Al Aziz Manal M , Abdelaty Oun Habeba M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
When the lungs fill with fluid as a result of an infection or injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome ensues. Inflamed and fluid-filled lungs occur. They become rigid as a result, making it difficult for them to breathe fully. Blood oxygen levels will fall, endangering the health of other organs. Patients will require a ventilator to help them breathe while their lungs mend. The aim of this study was: to evaluate safety and efficacy of high dose therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome pediatric patients and to compare safety and efficacy of high dose versus low dose therapy in Acute respiratory distress syndrome patients.

Patients and Methods
A Prospective open label randomized trial included 15 patients as group1 received high dose corticosteroid therapy for 3 consequent days, high dose Methyl prednisone 30 mg/kg/day and 15 patients as group 2 received low dose corticosteroid therapy for 3 consequent days, low dose Methyl prednisone 2 mg/kg/day. Clinical and laboratory data chest ultrasound and bronchoalveolar lavage to measured pre collagen peptide were studied in each group before and after corticosteroid therapy.

Results
In the present study 15(50%) patients received high dose steroid and 15 (50%) patients received low dose steroid, male 23 (70%), female 7 (30%), age 7 (3.0-30.0), weight (9.55 ± 6.63), there was no significant difference in prognosis and total days in pediatric intensive care unit between high and low dose corticosteroid therapy as prognosis improving 17 patients (55%), death 13(45%) and As regards total days in pediatric intensive care unit median in high dose corticosteroid therapy 24.0 (15.50-33.0) and median in low dose corticosteroid therapy 18.50 (11.0-23.50) less days in pediatric intensive care unit in low dose steroid therapy group than high dose steroid therapy group but no significant difference between two groups as regarding decrease in chest ultrasound (BLUE Score) and increase in pre collagen peptide in bronchoalveolar lavage between study groups .

Conclusion
there was no significant difference in prognosis and total days in pediatric intensive care unit between high and low dose corticosteroid therapy as regarding change in chest ultrasound (BLUE Score) and change in pre collagen peptide in bronchoalveolar lavage between study groups.
Final Height in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: El Kholy Mohamed Salah , Elsedfy Heba Hassan , Ahmed Rana Abdelhakim , Hassan Nawar Marwa Magdy , El-Desouky Ashour Mohammed Kamel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The final adult height of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is usually less than the target height (TH). This could be attributed to androgen excess or treatment with steroids. Androgen excess can occur at any age leading to accelerated growth, early epiphyseal closure and compromised final adult height (Webb and Krone, 2015), (Charmandari et al., 2004).

Aim
evaluate growth and final height in children and adolescents with CAH.

Methodology
This retrospective study was conducted on 36 patients diagnosed with CAH, data was collected from patients' records within endocrinology clinic, Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University.

Result
Our patients had a mean final height and final height SDS of (161.68±6.48 cm and -0.41) and (151.03±6.1 cm and -0.67) for males and females respectively. Final adult height was less than target height (mean target heights were 168.8± 3.54 cm and 157.1± 6 cm for males and females respectively). The median target height in our study was 158.4 cm and mean target height SDS corrected to mid-parental target height was -0.43 ± (1.26). The mean daily hydrocortisone was 15.67 (± 3.26 SD) mg/m2 per day with range (9.9 – 24) mg/m2. There was no correlation between final heights and the cumulative doses and mean daily doses of hydrocortisone. There was no correlation between final height SDS in both sexes and age of starting steroid therapy. The bone age of our patients was advanced on average by 2 years compared to chronological age at final height.

Conclusion
the final height of CAH patients treated with glucocorticoids is lower than the population norms and is lower than what would be predicted based on parental height.
Abnormal Glucose Tolerance Among Children with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: El Seify Magda Yahia , Ahmed Mahmoud Rana Abdelhakim , Zakaria Hassan Safeya Hamdy , Mohamed Salim Ahmed Esam , Ahmed Ali Heba Allah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a severe, autosomal recessive disease of high prevalence caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene which is located on the long arm of chromosome 7.

Objective
to screen for glucose tolerance abnormalities among children with cystic fibrosis.

Patients and Methods
This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 25 cystic fibrosis patients in the age group from 1 – 15 years in the Pediatric pulmonology clinic, from the first of July 2020 to the end of January 2022. The patients were classified according to their glucose tolerance results into CF patients with normal glucose tolerance and CF patients with abnormal glucose tolerance.

Results
Our analysis also showed that the most important factor associated with abnormal glucose tolerance test was found to be higher age and glycosylated hemoglobin. The previous findings highlight the need for routine screening of CF patients to exclude CFRD or any abnormality in glucose tolerance in these patients.

Conclusion
The current study demonstrated that abnormal glucose tolerance is not uncommon among the studied CF patients. Our results concluded that abnormal glucose tolerance was significantly associated with older age and higher glycosylated hemoglobin.
Comparison of Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation Parenterally in Raising Serum 25-Hydroxy vitamin D Status in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Elsedfy Heba Hassan , Ahmed Mahmoud Rana Abd Elhakim , Hassan Nawar Marwa Magdy , Habib Diana Rashad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a controversy regarding the effect of vitamin D2 and D3 in elevating and sustaining 25(OH)D levels. Aim: This study will concentrate on the effect of parenteral administration of both vitamins on serum 25(OH)D levels.

Methods
Randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted in Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, where 50 participants who had vitamin D deficiency were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups, 25 patients per group (group A received a single dose of 200,000 IU of intramuscular vitamin D2 and group B received 200,000 IU of intramuscular vitamin D3). History of sun exposure and dietary intake of calcium, assessment of anthropometric measures and tanner staging, laboratory investigations were documented. Follow up of serum level of 25(OH)D was done every month for three consecutive months.

Results
Parenteral vitamin D3 supplementation in group B patients resulted in significantly higher increments in 25(OH)D level than that achieved by parenteral vitamin D2 supplementation in group A after 1st, 2nd, and 3rd months of the supplement (p = 0.000). Vitamin D3 supplementation resulted in a significantly greater increment in serum 25(OH)D levels from 1st to 2nd month and from 1st to 3rd month than Vitamin D2 supplementation with a P value of 0.039 and 0.018 respectively. One hundred percent of group B participants who received vitamin D3 reached sufficient level (41.04 ± 10.04) after 1 month while 80% of participants in group A who received vitamin D2 reached a sufficient level after 1 month and 20% of participants after 2 months (P = 0.018).

Conclusion
We can conclude that parenteral vitamin D3 supplementation was more effective in raising serum 25(OH)D status in pediatric patients than parenteral vitamin D2 supplementation.
Relation of Total Antioxidant Capacity to Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Ahmed Hoda Nasser , Emam Ehab Khairy , Nassar Maie Fouad , Awad Yosra Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection is still not well clarified. In this regard oxidative stress and its relation to disease severity is one of the topics that need to be investigated.

Aim
This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the oxidant stress and antioxidant system represented by total antioxidant capacity and clinical severity of COVID19 infection in pediatric age group.

Methods
The current cross-sectional study included 45 patients with COVID 19 PCR-proven infection admitted at the Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University compared to 45 healthy age and sex matched control group. Detailed medical history, thorough examination and recording of all infection related laboratory parameters were done for each enrolled case. Measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the serum of all studied patients and controls was done by ELISA.

Results
TAC levels were considerably lower in pediatric patients (median 24u/l, IQR 9-37u/l) compared to healthy individuals (median 90u/l, IQR 77-100u/l, p &lt; 0.001) and the levels were statistically lower in severe cases compared to those with mild disease (p = 0.008). In this regard, 100% of controls showed normal TAC while only 31.1% from cases exhibited normal TAC levels and 68.9% of cases had low TAC levels. There was strong statistical significance between PICU admission and low TAC levels (p = 0.035). Additionally, the TAC showed negative correlation with the initial CRP of patients (r= -0.433, p = 0.003). There was also a significant inverse correlation between TAC and time needed for viral clearance (r=- 0.418, p = 0.004) as well as a significant positive correlation between body mass index z-score and TAC levels (r = 0.423, p value 0.004).

Conclusion
Total antioxidant capacity could serve as a novel prognostic marker of COVID -19 infection severity in pediatric patients.
Value of Combination of Heart Rate Observation (HeRO) Score and The Newborn Early Warning (NEW) System in Early Diagnosis of Sepsis in Preterm Infants
Authors: Shafik Safaa , Mahmoud Mrihan , Ibrahim Mariam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Although all newborns are at an increased risk of developing sepsis, this is particularly true for premature infants because of their immune systems haven’t fully matured. Early detection of sepsis, prior to overt clinical deterioration, would allow earlier institution of antibiotics and supportive therapies will result in better outcomes.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of combination of HeRO score and NEW system in early detection of neonatal sepsis in preterm infants by using HeRO score and NEW chart combined together.

Methods
The study included 170 preterm infants at Ain Shams Children Hospital, Cairo, Egypt: Prospective observational study. All studied neonates were subjected to NEW and HeRO scores which displayed a number or score, which represented the risk that a patient would experience clinical deterioration. Confirmation of neonatal sepsis done by withdrawal of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Blood culture. NEW system and HeRO scores followed throughout their hospital stay. The NEW system score chart divided into 3 colours (white, Amber and red). These colours used for identifying the risk for the patient. A HeRO score of 1 is “normal” for healthy preterm infants, and a score of 5 indicates a five-fold increased risk that the patient will be diagnosed with sepsis within the next 24 hours up to 5 days.

Results
The total number of our studied neonates were divided according to the sepsis or not into 80 neonates were sepsis free, 69 neonates who had initial sepsis and 21 who developed sepsis and NEW and HeRO scores showed statistically higher significance in patients with initial sepsis and developed sepsis than non-septic patients. NEW and HeRO score were significantly higher in septic patients than non- septic patients as cut of value of NEW and HeRO scores was &gt;1 and &gt;0 respectively.

Conclusion
The combination of HeRO score and NEW system can be used for early detection of neonatal sepsis in preterm infants.