bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome Reporting in Prospective Studies Evaluating Neurostimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Wesson Troy , Rone Victoria , Ramirez Mirian , Manchanda Shalini , Stahl Stephanie , Chernyak Yelena , Parker Noah 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveDue to the controversy surrounding the appropriate outcomes in neurostimulation, we sought to systematically describe ways in which polysomnography and apnea‐hypopnea index are reported in prospective studies involving unilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation.Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), Cochrane Library, and Scopus.Review MethodsFollowing the Preferred Reporting items of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analysis (PRISMA) Statement guidelines, a systematic two‐reviewer system was used for study screening and quality assessment. Articles that met inclusion criteria were included. Quality was evaluated with either the Newcastle‐Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale or the Covidence risk‐of‐bias tool.ResultsFifteen studies met the inclusion criteria, which included 14 prospective cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial. Titration polysomnography was the primary sleep study used to acquire data in five of the studies compared to only three studies employing exclusively non‐titration polysomnography to report outcomes. Three studies compiled data from two or more sleep studies to report a single apnea‐hypopnea index. Within the 15 studies, non‐titration apnea‐hypopnea index was the most reported type (five studies). Titration apnea‐hypopnea index was used to report outcomes in one study. Five studies did not specify what type of apnea‐hypopnea index was employed to report treatment effectiveness.ConclusionThe reported sleep studies and corresponding apnea‐hypopnea indices were highly variable across the studies. Because of the high degree of heterogeneity, future research would benefit from consistent use of a standardized apnea‐hypopnea index to report outcomes related to hypoglossal nerve stimulation.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 134:4873–4881, 2024
Generation of Arbitrarily Programmable Vector Vortex Beams Based on Spin‐Independent Metasurface
Authors: Gou Yue , Tian Han Wei , Wang Zheng Xing , Zhang Tai Yi , Sun Shi , Zheng Sen , Cui Tie Jun , Ma Hui Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVectorial structured beam, which possesses diverse inhomogeneous spatial field distributions, has been developed into an advanced technology for particle trapping, optical communication, and quantum information. However, most of the related studies are based on static devices that can only generate structured light with fixed field distributions. To break through this restriction, the study proposes and experimentally demonstrates a reflection‐type spin‐independent programmable metasurface (SIPM) that can generate arbitrary vector vortex beams (VVBs) dynamically in microwave frequencies. By controlling the working states of loaded positive‐intrinsic‐negative (PIN) diodes, the metasurface can realize real‐time and spin‐independent manipulations of amplitude and phase of the reflected waves. Therefore, any desired VVBs can be achieved by dynamically controlling the superimposition of left‐ and right‐handed reflected circularly polarized vortexes. The proposed SIPM exhibits powerful abilities in modulating the vectorial structured beams in the microwave band, and may bring potential technological innovations for the future spintronics, imaging display, optical computing, and wireless communications.
Bacterial diversity and geomicrobiology of Winter Wonderland ice cave, Utah, USA
Authors: Seixas Miranda Herschel , Munroe Jeffrey S. , Eggleston Erin M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Winter Wonderland ice cave, located at an elevation of 3140 m above sea level in the Uinta Mountains of northern Utah, USA, maintains a constant sub‐zero temperature. Seasonal snowmelt and rain enter the cave, freeze on the surface of the existing ice, and contribute to a 3‐m‐thick layered ice mass. This ice mass contains organic matter and cryogenic cave carbonates (CCCs) that date back centuries. In this study, samples of ice, liquid water, and exposed CCCs were collected to examine the bacterial communities within the cave and to determine if these communities vary spatially and between sample types. Flow cytometry showed that cell counts are an order of magnitude higher in liquid water samples than in ice. Epifluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy imaging revealed potential coccoid and bacillus microbial morphologies in water samples and putative cells or calcite spherules in the CCCs. The diversity of bacteria associated with soil, identified through sequence‐based analysis, supports the hypothesis that water enters the cave by filtering through soil and bedrock. A differential abundance of bacterial taxa was observed between sample types, with the greatest diversity found in CCCs. This supports a geomicrobiological framework where microbes aggregate in the water, sink into a concentrated layer, and precipitate out of the ice with the CCCs, thereby reducing the cell counts in the ice. These CCCs may provide essential nutrients for the bacteria or could themselves be products of biomineralization.
Consensus control and initialization region optimization for leader‐following multi‐agent systems under time‐varying communication delay and consecutive packet dropouts
Authors: Zhang Tu , Zhang Guobao , Huang Yongming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article is to investigate the consensus control and initialization region optimization for leader‐following multi‐agent systems with time‐varying communication delay and nonidentical consecutive packet dropouts. By combining the Bernoulli distribution model of the data loss and the Hadamard product, the control protocols affected by both communication delay and packet dropouts are utilized to formulate the consensus problem into the mean‐square stability problem of the augmented error systems. Resorting to the Lyapunov function methodology and a structure separation method, a sufficient condition to ensure the consensus is built in the form of linear matrix inequality. Relying on the given Lyapunov function and set‐membership analysis, an optimization procedure is proposed to simultaneously ensure the consensus and enlarge the estimated ellipsoid of initial conditions. The validity of the provided method is illustrated through a comparative simulation.
Sandwich‐structured dielectrics constructed from carbon nanotube and polyarylene ether nitrile composite layers demonstrating positive and negative permittivity
Authors: Song Dandan , Yang Cui , Lei Xiaowen , Hua Xiufu , Wang Lingling , Wei Renbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolymeric dielectric materials with high energy storage density have attracted plenty of attention due to their broad application prospects in electronic device fields. However, energy density of polymer dielectrics is limited originating from the difficulty in balancing permittivity and breakdown strength. Herein, we report fabrication of sandwich‐structured polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN) composites with enhanced energy density by hot pressing single layered phthalonitrile groups modified carbon nanotube (Ph‐CNT) and PEN (Ph‐CNT/PEN) composite films demonstrating positive and negative permittivity. The Ph‐CNT/PEN composites exhibit positive permittivity at Ph‐CNT content lower than 6 wt%, while shows negative permittivity at a higher Ph‐CNT concentration. Attributing to the synergistic action of the positive and negative dielectric layer, the dielectric constant is enhanced to 90.9 at 200 kHz for sandwich‐structured PEN composite T‐6‐8‐6 at a thickness ratio of 1/0.5/1. Although the breakdown strength is decreased to 147.7 kV/mm, the 1/0.5/1 sandwich‐structured film T‐6‐8‐6 demonstrates an energy storage as high as 9.1 J/cm3, which is about 10 times to that of pure PEN. This boosted energy storage density presents a fresh approach to advancing high‐performance dielectric materials, offering wide‐ranging potential applications across electronic devices.Highlights
Sandwich‐structured PEN composites with enhanced energy density are fabricated.
Sandwich‐structured films consists of positive and negative dielectric layer.
Ph‐CNT/PEN exhibit negative permittivity at a higher Ph‐CNT concentration.
Dielectric constant increases due to synergistic action of dielectric layers.
Sandwich‐structured film demonstrates an energy storage as high as 9.1 J/cm3.
The affinity of cellulose nanoparticle toward hydrogel based on chitosan/tragacanth for radiation protection: Study of pulmonary damages on rats
Authors: Akbari Lasboo Sepideh , Eslami Hossein , Razavi‐Tousi Seyyed Mohammad Taghi , Ansari Mojtaba , Afroozan Bazghaleh Atefeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to overcome the harmful effects of radiation exposure on lung tissue in radiation therapy, a complete comparative analysis was performed between the injectable pure hydrogel and a novel composite hydrogel, taking into account the addition of cellulose nanoparticles in varying ratios. Initially, both chitosan and tragacanth hydrogels were chemically were modified, and then characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and rheology measurement. For in vivo studies, 42 rats were divided into seven groups. Rats in group 1, were not exposed to radiation, and no injection was done. Rats in group 2 were exposed to a radiation dose of 15 Gy without any injection. Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 got injectable chitosan/ tragacanth hydrogel containing nanocellulose 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg BW, respectively, along with a radiation dose of 15 Gy. Rats in group 6 got a radiation dose of 15 Gy and an IP injection optimal dose of cellulose nanoparticle and PBS. Rat in group 7 got a radiation dose of 15 Gy and an IP injection of hydrogel containing only chitosan–tragacanth. The pathological results demonstrated that the 25 mg/kg BW dose of nanocellulose‐contained hydrogel possessed less inflammation, mucus secretion, bleeding in lung tissue, and air sac wall thickening than other groups. In addition, a biochemistry assessment was conducted by examining the activity of three enzymes of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxide (GPx), which findings confirmed the hydrogel incorporated with 25 mg/kg BW dose of nanocellulose decreased cell death in a lung tissue damaged by radiation which was 52 IU/mL, 37 IU/mL, and 10 μM in comparison with 63 IU/mL, 40 IU/mL, and 1 μM for the control sample.
Impact of Boron Atom Clustering on the Electronic Structure of (B,In)N Alloys
Authors: Nies Cara‐Lena , Schulz Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Tailoring the electronic and optical properties of nitride‐based alloys for optoelectronic device applications in the ultraviolet and red spectral range has attracted significant attention in recent years. Adding boron nitride (BN) to indium gallium nitride (In,Ga)N alloys can help to control the lattice mismatch between (In,Ga)N and GaN and may thus allow to reduce strain‐related defect formation. However, understanding of the impact of BN on the electronic properties of III‐N alloys, in particular the influence of experimentally observed boron atom clustering, is sparse. This work presents first‐principles calculations investigating the electronic properties of highly mismatched (B,In)N alloys with boron contents between 2% and 7%. Special attention is paid to the impact of the alloy microstructure. While the results show that the lattice constants of such alloys largely agree with lattice constants determined from a Vegard approximation, the electronic structure strongly depends on the local boron atom configuration. For instance, if boron atoms are dispersed throughout the structure and are not sharing nitrogen atoms, the band gap of (B,In)N alloys is largely unaffected and stays close to the gap of pristine InN. However, in the case of boron atom clustering, i.e., when boron atoms are sharing nitrogen atoms, the band gap can be strongly reduced, often leading to a metallic state in (B,In)N alloys. These strong band gap reductions are mainly driven by carrier localization effects in the valence band. Our calculations thus show that the electronic structure of (B,In)N alloys strongly depends on the alloy microstructure and that boron atom clustering plays an important role in understanding the electronic and optical properties of these emerging materials.
ANN‐PID based automatic braking control system for small agricultural tractors
Authors: Pradhan Nrusingh Charan , Sahoo Pramod Kumar , Kushwaha Dilip Kumar , Bhalekar Dattatray G. , Mani Indra , Kumar Kishan , Singh Avesh Kumar , Kumar Mohit , Makwana Yash , V. Soumya Krishnan , T. N. Aruna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBraking system is a crucial component of tractors as it ensures safe operation and control of the vehicle. The limited space availability in the workspace of a small tractor exposes the operator to undesirable posture and a maximum level of vibration during operation. The primary cause of road accidents, particularly collisions, is attributed to the tractor operator's insufficient capacity to provide the necessary pedal power for engaging the brake pedal. During the process of engaging the brake pedal, the operator adjusts the backrest support to facilitate access to the brake pedal while operating under stressed conditions. In the present study, a linear actuator‐assisted automatic braking system was developed for the small tractors. An integrated artificial neural network proportional–integral–derivative (ANN‐PID) controller‐based algorithm was developed to control the position of the brake pedal based on the input parameters like terrain condition, obstacle distance, and forward speed of the tractor. The tractor was operated at four different speeds (i.e., 10, 15, 20, and 25 km/h) in different terrain conditions (i.e., dry compacted soil, tilled soil, and asphalt road). The performance parameters like sensor digital output (SDO), force applied on the brake pedal (), and deceleration were considered as dependent parameters. The SDO was found to good approximation for sensing the position of the brake pedal during braking. The optimized network topology of the developed multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) was 3‐6‐2 for predicting SDO and deceleration of the tractor with a coefficient of determination () for the training and testing datasets of the SDO and deceleration were obtained as 0.9953 and 0.9854, and 0.9254 and 0.9096, respectively. The Ziegler–Nichols (Z‐N method) method was adopted to determine the initial optimal gains of the PID controller and later these coefficients were optimized using response surface methodology. The optimized proportional (), integral (), and derivative () coefficient values were 4.8, 6.782, and 3.15, respectively. The developed integrated ANN, that is, MLPNN and PID‐based algorithm could successfully control the position of the brake pedal during braking. The stopping distance and slip of the tractor during automatic braking increased with an increase in the forward speed for the tractor from 10 to 25 km/h in all the selected terrain conditions.
Research on privacy leakage of celebrity's ID card number based on real‐name authentication
Authors: Yue Hongzhou , Song Zebin , Zhao Mengli , Yang Lijia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Internet real‐name system is widely implemented among Chinese Internet users, and many commonly used apps in China exist the functions of real‐name authentication. However, our study found that many apps do not have effective restrictions on user's operations of real‐name authentication, resulting in users being able to frequently perform unsuccessful real‐name authentication attempts. This vulnerability can help an attacker crack celebrity's ID card number by enumeration attacks, and a feasible cracking method was proposed in this paper. First, the information of birth date, birth place, and life experiences of a celebrity is collected from the platforms that display celebrities' personal information (e.g., Wikipedia, Baidu Baike, etc.). In this process, an information extraction method is used to infer permanent residences from life experiences. Then, the possible ID card numbers of a celebrity can be constructed by using the information of birth date, birth place, and permanent residences. Finally, these possible ID card numbers will be verified by sending requests to platforms that have vulnerabilities in the function of user real‐name authentication, until the real ID card number of a celebrity being cracked. This paper conducted cracking experiments on two groups of celebrities. The first group of celebrities is collected from the news events of privacy leakage that were publicly available online, and the second group of celebrities is randomly selected from two encyclopedia platforms. The experimental results showed that the success rate of cracking the ID card numbers of celebrities is 53.9%, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed cracking method. Besides, this paper proposed some security precaution suggestions to solve this security problem, and the implementation, feasibility, potential impact, expected effectiveness of these measures were also analyzed. To our knowledge, our paper is the first to point out the issue of privacy leakage of celebrity's ID card number caused by apps' real‐name authentication functions in China. We believe that our research will attract widespread attention from society regarding celebrity's privacy information protection.
Design principle of anti‐corrosive photocatalyst for large‐scale hydrogen production
Authors: Gonuguntla Spandana , Jaksani Bhavya , Jamma Aparna , Vennapoosa Chandra Shobha , Chatterjee Debabrata , Pal Ujjwal 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the most advances made so far in terms of photocatalyst design and preparation (inorganic photoredox nanoparticles), researchers of different expertise joined together to address sustainable energy conversion. Despite notable advancements in creating exceptionally active photocatalysts, the practical scalability of these innovations is hindered by issues such as ineffective utilization of solar energy and mass transport, recombination reactions, catalyst instability, and photo corrosion of the catalyst. In this roadmap review, we brief the fundamentals, latest progress, outstanding challenges, and novel design methodology for anticorrosive photocatalysts favorable to large‐scale hydrogen production. To enable the effective scaling of photocatalysis, beyond the inherent activity of photocatalysts, a range of additional factors are considered, with a primary focus on the design of photocatalytic systems. This review underlines the significance of well‐structured photocatalyst design and evaluation for achieving reproducibility and using dependable research methodology for conducting rigorous experiments. The recommendations are directed at reducing the uncertainty surrounding the optimism presented in published research, and we spotlight our recent research advancements. Importantly, the synergistic integration of design principles and research methodologies to enhance the anti‐corrosion properties of photocatalysts may pave the way for a practical technology to utilize solar energy for large‐scale hydrogen production efficiently.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Solar Energy
Bioenergy potential in Nigeria, how to advance knowledge and deployment to enable SDG 7
Authors: Okoro Prince Anthony , Chong Katie , Röder Mirjam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiomass is currently the main energy source in Nigeria, but it is being used and managed unsustainably, resulting in significant health and environmental risks. To support Nigeria's transition to an affordable, reliable, and low‐emission future, there is a need to shift from traditional biomass use to modern bioenergy applications. The research reviews the existing knowledge on themes relevant to developing sustainable modern bioenergy for Nigeria in the context of agri‐residues. It synthesizes the key findings on the themes from 161 scientific literature published between 2010 and 2021 on Nigeria and Sub‐Saharan Africa. The findings show that most literature focused on agri‐residues potentially available in large amounts but highly disaggregated, such as cassava and palm residues. Furthermore, the literature highlighted the importance of understanding agri‐residue aggregation, technological, economic, socio‐economic, governance framework of bioenergy, and the interactions with other sectors to unlock the full potential of modern bioenergy. While research acknowledged that bioenergy could enhance energy security, economic growth, and social co‐benefits, there has been less focus on the benefits of novel bioenergy solutions co‐created by relevant stakeholder groups in Nigeria. Involving relevant stakeholders in developing novel bioenergy solutions would address the missing link between resource assessment, appropriate technology deployment, and end‐user demand. It would also enhance the analysis of the bioenergy market and nonmarket benefits and ensure that bioenergy solutions in Nigeria are aligned with community needs and foster inclusivity.This article is categorized under:
Sustainable Energy > Bioenergy
Policy and Economics > Governance and Regulation
An N‐Heterocyclic Germylene and Stannylene with a 1,1’‐Ferrocenylene Backbone and Dimesitylboryl N‐Substituents
Authors: Jacob Hannes L. , Cramer Jan , Guthardt Robin , Bruhn Clemens , Siemeling Ulrich 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe diaminoferrocene derivative fc[NH(BMes2)]2 (1H2; fc=1,1’‐ferrocenylene, Mes=mesityl) was prepared from fc(NH2)2 and Mes2BCl and used for the preparation of the N‐heterocyclic tetrylenes fc{[N(BMes2)]2E} (1E, E=Ge, Sn) via the sodium amide fc[NNa(BMes2)]2 (1Na2), which was obtained from 1H2 and NaN(SiMe3)2. 1H2 is inert towards LiN(SiMe3)2 or nBuLi. Its reaction with nBuLi in the presence of TMEDA afforded the TMEDA‐coordinated lithium amide 1Li2(TMEDA)2. Crystallisation of 1Na2 from THF furnished the adduct 1Na2(THF)3. The reaction of 1Na2 with Me3SiCl afforded 1(SiMe3)2. Attempts to obtain the thiourea fc{[N(BMes2)]2C=S} (1C=S) from 1Na2 and Cl2C=S were not successful. 1C=S is accessible from fc(NH3)Cl2, which is transformed to fc[(NH)2C=S] (2) by reaction with Cl2C=S and NEt3 (4 equiv.), followed by conversion of 2 to fc{[N(SiMe3)]2C=S} (3) with Me3SiCl and NEt3 (2 equiv.) and subsequent reaction of 3 with Mes2BCl. All new compounds except 1Na2 and 2 were structurally characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The N‐boryl substituents of 1E compete efficiently with the EII atom for nitrogen π‐donation, causing comparatively long EII−N bonds and small EII bond angles. 1C=S contains a four‐membered BNCS ring due to intramolecular adduct formation involving the Lewis basic S atom and a Lewis acidic B atom.