bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of freely falling thin disks. Part 1. The flow structures and Reynolds number effects on the zigzag motion
Authors: Zhong Hongjie , Lee Cunbiao , Su Zhuang , Chen Shiyi , Zhou Mingde , Wu Jiezhi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental investigation of the dynamics of a freely falling thin circular disk in still water. The flow patterns of the disk zigzag motion are studied using dye visualization and particle image velocimetry. Time-resolved disk motions with six degrees of freedom are obtained with a stereoscopic vision method. The flow separation and vortex shedding are found to change with the Reynolds number, $\mathit{Re}$. At high Reynolds numbers a new dipole vortex is shed that is significantly different from Kármán-type vortices. The vortical structures are mainly composed of leading-edge vortices, a counter-rotating vortex pair and secondary trailing-edge vortices. The amplitude of the horizontal oscillation is also dependent on the Reynolds number with a critical Reynolds number ${\mathit{Re}}_{cr} \approx 2000$, where the oscillatory amplitude is proportional to $\mathit{Re}$ for $\mathit{Re}\lt {\mathit{Re}}_{cr} $, but becomes invariant for $\mathit{Re}\gt {\mathit{Re}}_{cr} $. Three-dimensional dipolar vortices were also observed experimentally.
Axisymmetric gravity currents of power-law fluids over a rigid horizontal surface
Authors: Sayag Roiy , Grae Worster M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe analyse axisymmetric gravity currents of power-law fluids theoretically and experimentally. We use aqueous suspensions of Xanthan gum in laboratory experiments of constant-volume and constant-flux release to resolve the rheological parameters of the fluid, which we then compare with measurements made using a strain-controlled rheometer. We find that the constant-volume release of highly shear-thinning fluids involves an early-time evolution dominated by inertia, and non-convex free surfaces that make the application of similarity solutions of the late-time viscously dominated evolution inefficient at resolving material properties. In contrast, constant-flux release of the same fluids can be viscously dominated and consistent with the self-similar solution from early in the evolution, which makes it a more useful method for measuring rheological parameters.
Modes and instabilities in magnetized spherical Couette flow
Authors: Figueroa A. , Schaeffer N. , Nataf H.-C. , Schmitt D. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSeveral teams have reported peculiar frequency spectra for flows in a spherical shell. To address their origin, we perform numerical simulations of the spherical Couette flow in a dipolar magnetic field, in the configuration of the$DTS$experiment. The frequency spectra computed from time-series of the induced magnetic field display similar bumpy spectra, where each bump corresponds to a given azimuthal mode number$m$. The bumps appear at moderate Reynolds number (${\simeq }2600$) if the time-series are long enough (${\gt }300$rotations of the inner sphere). We present a new method that permits retrieval of the dominant frequencies for individual mode numbers$m$, and extraction of the modal structure of the full nonlinear flow. The maps of the energy of the fluctuations and the spatio-temporal evolution of the velocity field suggest that fluctuations originate in the outer boundary layer. The threshold of instability is found at${\mathit{Re}}_{c} = 1860$. The fluctuations result from two coupled instabilities: high-latitude Bödewadt-type boundary layer instability, and secondary non-axisymmetric instability of a centripetal jet forming at the equator of the outer sphere. We explore the variation of the magnetic and kinetic energies with the input parameters, and show that a modified Elsasser number controls their evolution. We can thus compare with experimental determinations of these energies and find a good agreement. Because of the dipolar nature of the imposed magnetic field, the energy of magnetic fluctuations is much larger near the inner sphere, but their origin lies in velocity fluctuations that are initiated in the outer boundary layer.
Note on the swimming of an elongated body in a non-uniform flow
Authors: Candelier Fabien , Porez Mathieu , Boyer Frederic 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of Lighthill’s large-amplitude elongated-body theory of fish locomotion which enables the effects of an external weakly non-uniform potential flow to be taken into account. To do so, the body is modelled as a Kirchhoff beam, made up of elliptical cross-sections whose size may vary along the body, undergoing prescribed deformations consisting of yaw and pitch bending. The fluid velocity potential is decomposed into two parts corresponding to the unperturbed potential flow, which is assumed to be known, and to the perturbation flow. The Laplace equation and the corresponding Neumann’s boundary conditions governing the perturbation velocity potential are expressed in terms of curvilinear coordinates which follow the body during its motion, thus allowing the boundary of the body to be considered as a fixed surface. Equations are simplified according to the slenderness of the body and the weakness of the non-uniformity of the unperturbed flow. These simplifications allow the pressure acting on the body to be determined analytically using the classical Bernoulli equation, which is then integrated over the body. The model is finally used to investigate the passive and the active swimming of a fish in a Kármán vortex street.
On the interaction between a turbulent open channel flow and an axial-flow turbine
Authors: Chamorro L. P. , Hill C. , Morton S. , Ellis C. , Arndt R. E. A. , Sotiropoulos F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA laboratory experiment was performed to study the dynamically rich interaction of a turbulent open channel flow with a bed-mounted axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter and a torque transducer were used to simultaneously measure at high temporal resolution the three velocity components of the flow at various locations upstream of the turbine and in the wake region and turbine power, respectively. Results show that for sufficiently low frequencies the instantaneous power generated by the turbine is modulated by the turbulent structure of the approach flow. The critical frequency above which the response of the turbine is decoupled from the turbulent flow structure is shown to vary linearly with the angular frequency of the rotor. The measurements elucidate the structure of the turbulent turbine wake, which is shown to persist for at least fifteen rotor diameters downstream of the rotor, and a new approach is proposed to quantify the wake recovery, based on the growth of the largest scale motions in the flow. Spectral analysis is employed to demonstrate the dominant effect of the tip vortices in the energy distribution in the near-wake region and uncover meandering motions.
Spectrum of passive scalars of high molecular diffusivity in turbulent mixing
Authors: Yeung P. K. , Sreenivasan K. R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe consider the mixing of passive scalars transported in turbulent flow, with a molecular diffusivity that is large compared to the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. This particular case of mixing has not received much attention in experiment or simulation even though the first putative theory, due to Batchelor, Howells & Townsend (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 5, 1959, pp. 134–139), is now more than 50 years old. We study the problem using direct numerical simulation of decaying scalar fields in steadily sustained homogeneous turbulence as the Schmidt number (the ratio of the kinematic viscosity of the fluid to the molecular diffusivity of the scalar) is allowed to vary from $1/ 8$ to $1/ 2048$ for two values of the microscale Reynolds number, ${R}_{\lambda } \approx 140$ and $\approx $240. The simulations show that the passive scalar spectrum assumes a slope of $- 17/ 3$ in a range of scales, as predicted by the theory, when the Schmidt number is small and the Reynolds number is simultaneously large. The observed agreement between theory and simulation in the prefactor in the spectrum is not perfect. We assess the reasons for this discrepancy by a careful examination of the scalar evolution equation in the light of the assumptions of the theory, and conclude that the finite range of scales resolved in simulations is the main reason. Numerical issues specific to the regime of very low Schmidt numbers are also addressed briefly.
Mixed Convection Radiative Flow of Maxwell Fluid Near a Stagnation Point with Convective Condition
Authors: Hayat T. , Waqas M. , Shehzad S. A. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEffects of thermal radiation in mixed convection stagnation point flow over a moving surface subject to convective boundary conditions is addressed. Mathematical modeling is based upon constitutive equations of an incompressible Maxwell fluid. Nonlinear analysis is presented through implementation of homotopy analysis method. Numerical values of Local Nusselt number is computed and analyzed.
Unsteady Unidirectional Flow of Bingham Fluid Through the Parallel Microgap Plates with Wall Slip and Given Inlet Volume Flow Rate Variations
Authors: Lin Y.W. , Chen C.-I. , Chen C.-K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, Laplace transformation method is used to solve the velocity profile and pressure gradient of the unsteady unidirectional flow of Bingham fluid. Between the parallel microgap plates, the flow motion is induced by a prescribed arbitrary inlet volume flow rate which varies with time. Due to the rarefaction, the wall slip condition is existed; therefore, the complexity of solution is also increased. In order to understand the flow behavior of Bingham fluid, there are two basic flow situations are solved. One is a suddenly started flow and the other is constant acceleration flow. Furthermore, linear acceleration and oscillatory flow are also considered. The result indicates when the yield stress τ0 is zero; the solution of the problem reduces to Newtonian fluid.
Influence of SNPs in nutrient-sensitive candidate genes and gene–diet interactions on blood lipids: the DiOGenes study
Authors: Brahe Lena K. , Ängquist Lars , Larsen Lesli H. , Vimaleswaran Karani S. , Hager Jörg , Viguerie Nathalie , Loos Ruth J. F. , Handjieva-Darlenska Teodora , Jebb Susan A. , Hlavaty Petr , Larsen Thomas M. , Martinez J. Alfredo , Papadaki Angeliki , Pfeiffer Andreas F. H. , van Baak Marleen A. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Holst Claus , Langin Dominique , Astrup Arne , Saris Wim H. M. 
Published: January 2013

Blood lipid response to a given dietary intervention could be determined by the effect of diet, gene variants or gene–diet interactions. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether variants in presumed nutrient-sensitive genes involved in lipid metabolism modified lipid profile after weight loss and in response to a given diet, among overweight European adults participating in the Diet Obesity and Genes study. By multiple linear regressions, 240 SNPs in twenty-four candidate genes were investigated for SNP main and SNP–diet interaction effects on total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and TAG after an 8-week low-energy diet (only main effect), and a 6-monthad libitumweight maintenance diet, with different contents of dietary protein or glycaemic index. After adjusting for multiple testing, a SNP–dietary protein interaction effect on TAG was identified for lipin 1 (LPIN1) rs4315495, with a decrease in TAG of − 0·26 mmol/l per A-allele/protein unit (95 % CI − 0·38, − 0·14,P= 0·000043). In conclusion, we investigated SNP–diet interactions for blood lipid profiles for 240 SNPs in twenty-four candidate genes, selected for their involvement in lipid metabolism pathways, and identified one significant interaction betweenLPIN1rs4315495 and dietary protein for TAG concentration.
High prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand
Authors: ARGILLA L. S. , HOWE L. , GARTRELL B. D. , ALLEY M. R. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYYellow-eyed penguins (YEPs) have suffered major population declines over the past 30 years, with no single cause established.Leucocytozoonwas first identified in yellow-eyed penguins in 2005. During the 2008/09 breeding season, a high mortality was seen in both mainland yellow-eyed penguins as well as those on Enderby Island of the Auckland Islands archipelago. A high overall prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in association with a high incidence of chick mortality was observed during this period on Enderby Island. One chick had histological evidence of leucocytozoonosis with megaloschizonts in multiple organs throughout its body. In addition, a high prevalence (73·7%) ofLeucocytozoonwas observed by PCR in the blood of adult Enderby yellow-eyed penguins taken during the 2006/07 season. These findings were different from the low prevalence detected by PCR on the coast of the South Island (11%) during the 2008/2009 breeding session and earlier on Campbell Island (21%) during the 2006/2007 breeding session. TheLeucocytozoonspp. sequences detected lead us to conclude that theLeucocytozoonparasite is common in yellow-eyed penguins and has a higher prevalence in penguins from Enderby Island than those from Campbell Island and the mainland of New Zealand. The Enderby Island yellow-eyed penguins are infected with aLeucocytozoonspp. that is genetically distinct from that found in other yellow-eyed penguin populations. The role ofLeucocytozoonin the high levels of chick mortality in the yellow-eyed penguins remains unclear.
SPECTRES OF DARMSTADT
Authors: Iddon Martin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe word ‘Darmstadt’ has come to stand for a broad set of discursive tropes: whether positive or negative, the word is often used as a convenient shorthand for organising ways of thinking about music in the post-war era. I suggest that, after the many symbolic deaths of the avant-garde, the word Darmstadt has come to function, too, as a sort of Lacanian Name-of-the-Father, an idea which need have little to do with the father ‘proper’: rather it is a structuring principle, one which authorises and delimits the boundaries of the known, the prescribed and proscribed world. I argue, too, that the death of that symbolic father, however it becomes extended and perpetuated, surely presages rupture and collapse within the symbolic order. From this position, I examine the ways in which various spectres of Darmstadt – borrowing from Derrida's Marxian hauntologie – return, both within the world of New Music and beyond.
New Ethiopic witnesses to some Old Testament pseudepigrapha
Authors: Erho Ted 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite noteworthy critical editions of each having appeared within the last twenty-five years, the textual states of Jubilees, the Testaments of the Three Patriarchs, and the Ascension of Isaiah remain in flux due to the continued discovery of previously unknown exemplars. Nowhere is this more evident than in their Ethiopic versions, as copies of a multitude of manuscripts attesting these pseudepigrapha have become readily accessible in recent years. Consequently, it is now possible to append twenty Ge‘ez manuscripts to the hitherto recognized evidence for Jubilees, and five and two further witnesses to the published lists for the Testaments of the Three Patriarchs and the Ascension of Isaiah respectively.
Pruritus in older people
Authors: Chen KS , Yesudian PD 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPruritus in older people is caused by a wide range of dermatological, systemic, neurological and psychogenic diseases. It can also be attributed to various cutaneous drug reactions. The dermatological, neurological and immunological changes associated with ageing predispose older people to pruritus of a wide range of aetiologies. The most common cause of pruritus in older people is xerosis, or dry skin. Regular use of emollients is the mainstay of treatment for pruritus of any cause, with general measures aiming to ensure optimal skin hydration and to prevent the itch–scratch cycle. Topical treatments are generally better tolerated for localized pruritus. Anti-histamines are the predominant agents to treat pruritus, but can be inadequate in many cases. Numerous other systemic agents have been demonstrated to alleviate pruritus depending on the cause, but may be limited by their adverse effects. This article reviews the current published literature on pruritus in older people, with a practical approach to its evaluation and management in non-specialist settings.
Conservation and employment creation: can privatizing natural resources benefit traditional users?
Authors: Baland Jean-Marie , Bjorvatn Kjetil 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe establishment of a private property regime is often proposed as a solution to the degradation of natural resources. While arguably more efficient than open access, private property often comes at a distributional cost (Weitzman, M. (1974), ‘Free access vs private ownership as alternative systems for managing common property’, Journal of Economic Theory 8(2): 225–234) as traditional users of the resource lose income and employment in the process. The present paper demonstrates that, in the case of renewable resources, traditional users may gain from privatization even if they are denied ownership of the resource. Indeed, a private owner maximizing profits tends to preserve the resource, which results in long-term increases in employment. We derive the conditions under which these long-term gains more than compensate traditional users for the short-run fall in labor demand and resource rents.
Reduced phosphorylation of GluA1 subunits relates to anxiety-like behaviours in mice
Authors: Kiselycznyk Carly , Zhang Xiaoqun , Huganir Richard L. , Holmes Andrew , Svenningsson Per 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and frequently co-morbid conditions. The ionotropic glutamate receptors N-methyl-d-aspartate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) mediate actions of monoaminergic antidepressants and have been directly targeted by novel fast-acting antidepressants. Less is known about the role of these receptors in anxiety-like states. Here we investigate how two distinct anxiolytic agents, buspirone, a partial 5-HT1A agonist, and diazepam, a benzodiazepine, influence phosphorylation of GluA1 subunits of AMPA receptors at the potentiating residue Ser845 and Ser831 in corticolimbic regions. To test the functional relevance of these changes, phosphomutant GluA1 mice lacking phosphorylatable Ser845 and Ser831 were examined in relevant behavioural paradigms. These mutant mice exhibited a reduced anxiety-like phenotype in the light/dark exploration task and elevated plus maze, but not in the novelty induced hypophagia paradigm. These data indicate that reduced potentiation of the AMPA receptor signalling, via decreased GluA1 phoshorylation, is specifically involved in approach–avoidance based paradigms relevant for anxiety-like behaviours.
Evaluation of animal models of obsessive-compulsive disorder: correlation with phasic dopamine neuron activity
Authors: Sesia Thibaut , Bizup Brandon , Grace Anthony A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric condition defined by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) associated with compensatory and repetitive behaviour (compulsions). However, advancement in our understanding of this disorder has been hampered by the absence of effective animal models and correspondingly analysis of the physiological changes that may be present in these models. To address this, we have evaluated two current rodent models of OCD; repeated injection of dopamine D2 agonist quinpirole and repeated adolescent injection of the tricyclic agent clomipramine in combination with a behavioural paradigm designed to produce compulsive lever pressing. These results were then compared with their relative impact on the state of activity of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system using extracellular recoding of spontaneously active dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The clomipramine model failed to exacerbate compulsive lever pressing and VTA dopamine neurons in clomipramine-treated rats had mildly diminished bursting activity. In contrast, quinpirole-treated animals showed significant increases in compulsive lever pressing, which was concurrent with a substantial diminution of bursting activity of VTA dopamine neurons. Therefore, VTA dopamine activity correlated with the behavioural response in these models. Taken together, these data support the view that compulsive behaviours likely reflect, at least in part, a disruption of the dopaminergic system, more specifically by a decrease in baseline phasic dopamine signalling mediated by burst firing of dopamine neurons.
Studying institutions in the context of natural selection: limits or opportunities?
Authors: BOYER PASCAL , PETERSEN MICHAEL BANG 
Published: January 2013

Abstract:In this comment, we respond to comments raised by Eastwood (2012) in response to our article on the role of evolutionary psychology in understanding institutions (Boyer and Petersen, 2012). We discuss how evolutionary psychological models account for cultural variation and change in institutions, how sociological institutionalism and evolutionary models can inform each other, how evolutionary psychological models illuminate the role of power in institutional design and the possibility of a ‘general theory’ of institutions.
Serum microRNA expression profile: miR-1246 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Takeshita Nobuyoshi , Hoshino Isamu , Mori Mikito , Akutsu Yasunori , Hanari Naoyuki , Yoneyama Yasuo , Ikeda Norimasa , Isozaki Yuka , Maruyama Tetsuro , Akanuma Naoki , Komatsu Aki , Jitsukawa Mari , Matsubara Hisahiro 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Background:
Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are stably detectable in blood and can serve as useful biomarkers for cancer.

Methods:
We performed an miRNA array using serum samples obtained from oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients or healthy controls. MiR-1246 was the most markedly elevated in ESCC patients. Therefore, miR-1246 was selected as a candidate for further analysis. The serum miR-1246 level in 46 healthy controls and 101 ESCC patients was evaluated and compared among various clinicopathological characteristics. MiR-1246 expressions in tissue, exosomal, and cellular samples were also examined.

Results:
Serum miR-1246 alone yielded an receiver-operating characteristic curve area of 0.754, with 71.3% sensitivity and 73.9% specificity for distinguishing ESCC patients from healthy controls. Serum miR-1246 was significantly correlated with the TNM stage and showed to be the strongest independent risk factor for poor survival (HR, 4.032; P=0.017). Unlike the tendency shown in previous reports, miR-1246 was not upregulated in ESCC tissue samples. Furthermore, exosomal miR-1246 did not reflect the abundance in the cell of origin.

Conclusion:
These data support our contention that serum miR-1246 has strong potential as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in ESCC, and its releasing mechanism is selective and independent of tissue miRNA abundance.