bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and correlates of common mental disorders among participants of the Uganda Genome Resource: Opportunities for psychiatric genetics research
Authors: Kalungi Allan , Kinyanda Eugene , Akena Dickens Howard , Gelaye Bizu , Ssembajjwe Wilber , Mpango Richard Steven , Ongaria Terry , Mugisha Joseph , Makanga Ronald , Kakande Ayoub , Kimono Beatrice , Amanyire Philip , Kirumira Fred , Lewis Cathryn M. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Kuchenbaecker Karoline , Nyirenda Moffat , Kaleebu Pontiano , Fatumo Segun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGenetics research has potential to alleviate the burden of mental disorders in low- and middle-income-countries through identification of new mechanistic pathways which can lead to efficacious drugs or new drug targets. However, there is currently limited genetics data from Africa. The Uganda Genome Resource provides opportunity for psychiatric genetics research among underrepresented people from Africa. We aimed at determining the prevalence and correlates of major depressive disorder (MDD), suicidality, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol abuse, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and probable attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among participants of the Uganda Genome Resource. Standardised tools assessed for each mental disorder. Prevalence of each disorder was calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the association between each mental disorder and associated demographic and clinical factors. Among 985 participants, prevalence of the disorders were: current MDD 19.3%, life-time MDD 23.3%, suicidality 10.6%, PTSD 3.1%, alcohol abuse 5.7%, GAD 12.9% and probable ADHD 9.2%. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of probable ADHD among adult Ugandans from a general population. We found significant association between sex and alcohol abuse (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.26 [0.14,0.45], p < 0.001) and GAD (AOR = 1.78 [1.09,2.49], p = 0.019) respectively. We also found significant association between body mass index and suicidality (AOR = 0.85 [0.73,0.99], p = 0.041), alcohol abuse (AOR = 0.86 [0.78,0.94], p = 0.003) and GAD (AOR = 0.93 [0.87,0.98], p = 0.008) respectively. We also found a significant association between high blood pressure and life-time MDD (AOR = 2.87 [1.08,7.66], p = 0.035) and probable ADHD (AOR = 1.99 [1.00,3.97], p = 0.050) respectively. We also found a statistically significant association between tobacco smoking and alcohol abuse (AOR = 3.2 [1.56,6.67], p = 0.002). We also found ever been married to be a risk factor for probable ADHD (AOR = 2.12 [0.88,5.14], p = 0.049). The Uganda Genome Resource presents opportunity for psychiatric genetics research among underrepresented people from Africa.
Brain volume and neurodevelopment at 13 years following sepsis in very preterm infants
Authors: Thompson Deanne K. , Cai Shirley , Kelly Claire E. , Alexander Bonnie , Matthews Lillian G. , Mainzer Rheanna , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L. Y. , Inder Terrie E. , Yang Joseph Y. M. , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Associations of neonatal infection with brain growth and later neurodevelopmental outcomes in very preterm (VP) infants are unclear. This study aimed to assess associations of neonatal sepsis in VP infants with (1) brain growth from term-equivalent age to 13 years; and (2) 13-year brain volume and neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods
224 infants born VP ( < 30 weeks’ gestation/<1250 g birthweight) were recruited. Longitudinal brain volumes for 68 cortical and 14 subcortical regions were derived from MRI at term-equivalent, 7 and/or 13 years of age for 216 children (79 with neonatal sepsis and 137 without). 177 children (79%) had neurodevelopmental assessments at age 13. Of these, 63 with neonatal sepsis were compared with 114 without. Brain volumetric growth trajectories across time points were compared between sepsis and no-sepsis groups using mixed effects models. Linear regressions compared brain volume and neurodevelopmental outcome measures at 13 years between sepsis and no sepsis groups.

Results
Growth trajectories were similar and there was little evidence for differences in brain volumes or neurodevelopmental domains at age 13 years between those with or without sepsis.

Conclusions
Neonatal sepsis in children born VP does not appear to disrupt subsequent brain development, or to have functional consequences in early adolescence.

Impact statement

Neonatal sepsis has been associated with poorer short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes and reduced brain volumes in very preterm infants.

This manuscript provides new insights into the long-term brain development and neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm-born children who did or did not have neonatal sepsis.

We found that regional brain volumes up to 13 years, and neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 13, were similar between those with and without neonatal sepsis.

The links between neonatal sepsis and long-term neurodevelopment remain unclear.
IL-4/IL-4R axis signaling drives resistance to immunotherapy by inducing the upregulation of Fcγ receptor IIB in M2 macrophages
Authors: Zhang Jiayu , Dong Yu , Yu Shan , Hu Keshu , Zhang Lingyun , Xiong Min , Liu Mengling , Sun Xun , Li Suyao , Yuan Yitao , Zhang Chi , Zhu Mengxuan , Wei Yichou , Zhu Yanjing , Yu Yiyi , Zhang Pengfei , Liu Tianshu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, immunotherapy, particularly PD-1 antibodies, have significantly enhanced the outcome of gastric cancer patients. Despite these advances, some patients do not respond well to treatment, highlighting the need to understand resistance mechanisms and develop predictive markers of treatment effectiveness. This study retrospectively analyzed data from 106 patients with stage IV gastric cancer who were treated with first-line immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. By comparing plasma cytokine levels between patients resistant and sensitive to PD-1 antibody therapy, the researchers identified elevated IL-4 expression in the resistant patients. Mechanical investigations revealed that IL-4 induces metabolic changes in macrophages that activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. This alteration promotes ATP production, enhances glycolysis, increases lactic acid production, and upregulates FcγRIIB expression in macrophages. Ultimately, these changes lead to CD8+ T cell dysfunction and resistance to PD-1 antibody therapy in gastric cancer. These findings highlight the role of IL-4-induced macrophage polarization and metabolic reprogramming in immune resistance and verify IL-4 as potential targets for improving treatment outcomes in gastric cancer patients.
The addition of mycoprotein to a mixed-meal impacts postprandial glucose kinetics without altering blood glucose concentrations: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Whelehan Gráinne , West Sam , Abdelrahman Doaa R. , Murton Andrew J. , Finnigan Tim J. A. , Wall Benjamin T. , Stephens Francis B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Mycoprotein is a high-fibre food previously shown to reduce postprandial glucose concentrations when ingested within a mixed-meal. We applied a dual stable isotope tracer approach to determine whether this is due to a reduced rate of appearance of glucose, in participants of ranging BMI.

Methods
Twenty-four adults (F = 8, BMI 30 ± 6 kg·m−2) attended 2 trials in a double-blind, randomised, cross-over design. Participants ingested two energy and macronutrient matched milk-based drinks (enriched with 1000 mg [U-13C6] glucose in a subset of 12 participants), containing 50 g glucose and either 0 (CON) or 20 g (MYC) mycoprotein. A primed continuous intravenous infusion of D-[6,6-2H2] glucose determined plasma glucose kinetics over 6 h. Postprandial time-course, and AUC, of glucose and insulin concentration, rate of disappearance (RdT) and appearance of exogenous (RaEx), endogenous (EGP), and total (RaT) plasma glucose were assessed using two- and one-way ANOVA.

Results
Drink ingestion increased blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations (P < 0.05) and were comparable between conditions (P > 0.05). Both RaT and RdT were higher with MYC compared with CON over 6 h (mean 6 h glucose appearance and disappearance increased by 5 and 9%, respectively, P < 0.05). RaEx was not affected by MYC ingestion over 6 h (P > 0.05). The mean contribution of EGP to total glucose appearance was 15% greater with MYC, with a trend towards significance (P = 0.05). There was no relationship between BMI and the response to MYC ingestion for any of the variables (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
The ingestion of mycoprotein within a mixed-meal impacted postprandial glucose kinetics, but not blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations, in individuals of ranging BMI.

Clinical trial registry number and website
This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04084639 and can be accessed at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04084639.
Psychological and ethical issues raised by genomic in paediatric care pathway, a qualitative analysis with parents and childhood cancer patients
Authors: Droin-Mollard Marion , de Montgolfier Sandrine , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule , Flahault Cécile , Petit Arnaud , Bourdeaut Franck , Julia Sophie , Rial-Sebbag Emmanuelle , Coupier Isabelle , Simaga Fatoumata , Brugières Laurence , Guerrini-Rousseau Léa , Claret Béatrice , Cavé Hélène , Strullu Marion , Hervouet Lucile , Lahlou-Laforêt Khadija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn paediatric oncology, genomics raises new ethical, legal and psychological issues, as somatic and constitutional situations intersect throughout the care pathway. The discovery of potential predisposition in this context is sometimes carried out outside the usual framework. This article focuses on the views of children, adolescents, and young adults (AYA) with cancer and their parents about their experience with genomic testing. Forty-eight semi-structured interviews were performed with children or AYAs with cancer and one of their parents, before and/or after receiving the genetic test results. The interviews were fully transcribed, coded and thematically analysed using an inductive method. This analysis revealed several themes that are key issues: perceived understanding and consenting, apprehension about the test outcomes (expectations and fears), perception and attitude towards incidental findings. The main expectation was an aetiological explanation. Children and AYAs also emphasised the altruistic meaning of genetic testing, while parents seemed to expect a therapeutic and preventive approach for their child and the rest of the family. Parents were more concerned about a family risk, while patients were more afraid of cancer relapse or transmission to their descendants. Both groups suggested possible feelings of guilt concerning family transmission and imaginary representations of what genomics may allow. Incidental findings were not understood by patients, while some parents perceived the related issues and hesitated between wanting or not to know. A multidisciplinary approach would be an interesting way to help parents and children and AYAs to better grasp the complexity of genetic and/or genomic testing.
Inter-zonal epithelial thickness differences for early keratoconus detection using optical coherence tomography
Authors: Naujokaitis Tadas , Khoramnia Ramin , Friedrich Maximilian , Son Hyeck-Soo , Auffarth Gerd U. , Augustin Victor A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop and test a parameter for early keratoconus screening by quantifying the localized epithelial thickness differences in keratoconic eyes.

Methods
The cross-sectional study included 189 eyes of 116 subjects in total: 86 eyes of 54 keratoconus patients with bilateral ectasia and 40 eyes of 20 healthy subjects in the parameter-development dataset and 42 eyes of 21 keratoconus patients with asymmetric ectasia and 21 eyes of 21 healthy subjects in the parameter-validation dataset. Epithelial thickness maps were obtained using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and the inter-zonal epithelial thickness differences were calculated. The developed parameter was tested in keratoconus patients with asymmetric ectasia.

Results
Compared to healthy controls, the inferior-temporal and global inter-zonal epithelial thickness differences were higher not only in eyes with tomographically significant keratoconus (median [interquartile range] of 4.42 [3.13] µm vs. 0.78 [0.42] µm, p < 0.001, and 3.05 [1.51] µm vs. 1.07 [0.26] µm, p < 0.001, respectively), but also in tomographically normal keratoconus fellow eyes (1.36 [0.85] µm vs. 0.78 [0.42] µm, p = 0.005, and 1.31 [0.32] µm vs. 1.07 [0.26] µm, p = 0.01, respectively). The inferior-temporal inter-zonal epithelial thickness differences had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (95% confidence interval) of 0.991 (0.972–1) for detecting tomographically significant keratoconus and 0.749 (0.598–0.901) for differentiating between tomographically normal keratoconus fellow eyes and healthy controls.

Conclusions
The inter-zonal epithelial thickness differences are increased in keratoconus fellow eyes which still have a normal Scheimpflug corneal tomography, and therefore may serve as a useful parameter to detect early ectatic changes.
Voxelated bioprinting of modular double-network bio-ink droplets
Authors: Zhu Jinchang , He Yi , Wang Yong , Cai Li-Heng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalogous of pixels to two-dimensional pictures, voxels—in the form of either small cubes or spheres—are the basic building blocks of three-dimensional objects. However, precise manipulation of viscoelastic bio-ink voxels in three-dimensional space represents a grand challenge in both soft matter science and biomanufacturing. Here, we present a voxelated bioprinting technology that enables the digital assembly of interpenetrating double-network hydrogel droplets made of polyacrylamide/alginate-based or hyaluronic acid/alginate-based polymers. The hydrogels are crosslinked via additive-free and biofriendly click reaction between a pair of stoichiometrically matched polymers carrying norbornene and tetrazine groups, respectively. We develop theoretical frameworks to describe the crosslinking kinetics and stiffness of the hydrogels, and construct a diagram-of-state to delineate their mechanical properties. Multi-channel print nozzles are developed to allow on-demand mixing of highly viscoelastic bio-inks without significantly impairing cell viability. Further, we showcase the distinctive capability of voxelated bioprinting by creating highly complex three-dimensional structures such as a hollow sphere composed of interconnected yet distinguishable hydrogel particles. Finally, we validate the cytocompatibility and in vivo stability of the printed double-network scaffolds through cell encapsulation and animal transplantation.
Room temperature catalytic upgrading of unpurified lignin depolymerization oil into bisphenols and butene-2
Authors: Subbotina Elena , Souza Layra Rodrigues , Zimmerman Julie , Anastas Paul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLignin is the largest source of renewable aromatics on earth. Despite numerous techniques for lignin depolymerization into mixtures of valuable monomers, methods for their upgrading into final products are scarce. The state of the art upgrading methods generally rely on catalytic funneling, requiring high temperatures, catalyst loadings and hydrogen pressure, and lead to the loss of functionality and bio-based carbon content. Here an alternative approach is presented, whereby the target monomers are selectively converted in unpurified mixtures into easily separable final products under mild conditions. We use reductive catalytic fractionation of wood to convert lignin into iso-eugenol and propenyl syringol enriched oil followed by an olefin metathesis to yield bisphenols and butene-2, thus, valorizing all bio-based carbons. To further demonstrate the synthetic utility of the obtained bisphenols we converted them into polyesters with a high glass transition temperature (Tg = 140.3 °C) and thermal stability (Td50% = 330 °C).
An electricity-driven mobility circular economy with lifecycle carbon footprints for climate-adaptive carbon neutrality transformation
Authors: Song Aoye , Dan Zhaohui , Zheng Siqian , Zhou Yuekuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnder the carbon neutrality targets and sustainable development goals, emergingly increasing needs for batteries are in buildings and electric vehicles. However, embodied carbon emissions impose dialectical viewpoints on whether the electrochemical battery is environmentally friendly or not. In this research, a community with energy paradigm shifting towards decentralization, renewable and sustainability is studied, with multi-directional Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) and lifecycle battery circular economy. Approaches are proposed to quantify the lifecycle carbon intensity of batteries. Afterwards, pathways for zero-carbon transformation are proposed to guide the economic feasibility of energy, social and governance investment behaviors. Results show that lifecycle zero-carbon battery can be achieved under energy paradigm shifting to positive, V2X interaction, battery cascade utilization and battery circular economy in various climate regions. This study proposes an approach for lifecycle battery carbon intensity quantification for sustainable pathways transition on zero-carbon batteries and carbon-neutral communities.
DropBlot: single-cell western blotting of chemically fixed cancer cells
Authors: Liu Yang , Herr Amy E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArchived patient-derived tissue specimens play a central role in understanding disease and developing therapies. To address specificity and sensitivity shortcomings of existing single-cell resolution proteoform analysis tools, we introduce a hybrid microfluidic platform (DropBlot) designed for proteoform analyses in chemically fixed single cells. DropBlot serially integrates droplet-based encapsulation and lysis of single fixed cells, with on-chip microwell-based antigen retrieval, with single-cell western blotting of target antigens. A water-in-oil droplet formulation withstands the harsh chemical (SDS, 6 M urea) and thermal conditions (98 °C, 1-2 hr) required for effective antigen retrieval, and supports analysis of retrieved protein targets by single-cell electrophoresis. We demonstrate protein-target retrieval from unfixed, paraformaldehyde-fixed (PFA), and methanol-fixed cells. Key protein targets (HER2, GAPDH, EpCAM, Vimentin) retrieved from PFA-fixed cells were resolved and immunoreactive. Relevant to biorepositories, DropBlot profiled targets retrieved from human-derived breast tumor specimens archived for six years, offering a workflow for single-cell protein-biomarker analysis of sparing biospecimens.
Electron stochastic acceleration in laboratory-produced kinetic turbulent plasmas
Authors: Yuan Dawei , Lei Zhu , Wei Huigang , Zhang Zhe , Zhong Jiayong , Li Yifei , Ping Yongli , Zhang Yihang , Li Yutong , Wang Feilu , Liang Guiyun , Qiao Bin , Fu Changbo , Liu Huiya , Zhang Panzheng , Zhu Jianqiang , Zhao Gang , Zhang Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe origin of energetic charged particles in universe remains an unresolved issue. Astronomical observations combined with simulations have provided insights into particle acceleration mechanisms, including magnetic reconnection acceleration, shock acceleration, and stochastic acceleration. Recent experiments have also confirmed that electrons can be accelerated through processes such as magnetic reconnection and collisionless shock formation. However, laboratory identifying stochastic acceleration as a feasible mechanism is still a challenge, particularly in the creation of collision-free turbulent plasmas. Here, we present experimental results demonstrating kinetic turbulence with a typical spectrum k−2.9 originating from Weibel instability. Energetic electrons exhibiting a power-law distribution are clearly observed. Simulations further reveal that thermal electrons undergo stochastic acceleration through collisions with multiple magnetic islands-like structures within the turbulent region. This study sheds light on a critical transition period during supernova explosion, where kinetic turbulences originating from Weibel instability emerge prior to collisionless shock formation. Our results suggest that electrons undergo stochastic acceleration during this transition phase.
Unlocking the potential of biogas systems for energy production and climate solutions in rural communities
Authors: Luo Tao , Shen Bo , Mei Zili , Hove Anders , Ju Keyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOn-site conversion of organic waste into biogas to satisfy consumer energy demand has the potential to realize energy equality and mitigate climate change reliably. However, existing methods ignore either real-time full supply or methane escape when supply and demand are mismatched. Here, we show an improved design of community biogas production and distribution system to overcome these and achieve full co-benefits in developing economies. We take five existing systems as empirical examples. Mechanisms of synergistic adjusting out-of-step biogas flow rates on both the plant-side and user-side are defined to obtain consumption-to-production ratios of close to 1, such that biogas demand of rural inhabitants can be met. Furthermore, carbon mitigation and its viability under universal prevailing climates are illustrated. Coupled with manure management optimization, Chinese national deployment of the proposed system would contribute a 3.77% reduction towards meeting its global 1.5 °C target. Additionally, fulfilling others’ energy demands has considerable decarbonization potential.
PDX1+ cell budding morphogenesis in a stem cell-derived islet spheroid system
Authors: Zhao Jia , Liang Shenghui , Cen Haoning Howard , Li Yanjun , Baker Robert K. , Ruprai Balwinder , Gao Guang , Zhang Chloe , Ren Huixia , Tang Chao , Chen Liangyi , Liu Yanmei , Lynn Francis C. , Johnson James D. , Kieffer Timothy J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRemarkable advances in protocol development have been achieved to manufacture insulin-secreting islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Distinct from current approaches, we devised a tunable strategy to generate islet spheroids enriched for major islet cell types by incorporating PDX1+ cell budding morphogenesis into staged differentiation. In this process that appears to mimic normal islet morphogenesis, the differentiating islet spheroids organize with endocrine cells that are intermingled or arranged in a core-mantle architecture, accompanied with functional heterogeneity. Through in vitro modelling of human pancreas development, we illustrate the importance of PDX1 and the requirement for EphB3/4 signaling in eliciting cell budding morphogenesis. Using this new approach, we model Mitchell-Riley syndrome with RFX6 knockout hPSCs illustrating unexpected morphogenesis defects in the differentiation towards islet cells. The tunable differentiation system and stem cell-derived islet models described in this work may facilitate addressing fundamental questions in islet biology and probing human pancreas diseases.