bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DOS DANOS CAUSADOS POR FORMIGAS-CORTADEIRAS DO GÊNERO Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera) AOS PLANTIOS DE Pinus taeda NO PLANALTO SUL-CATARINENSE
Authors: Buratto David Alexandre , Cardoso Josiane Teresinha , Rolim Flávio Augusto , Filho Wilson Reis 
Published: August 2014

ResumoAs formigas cortadeiras pertencentes ao gênero Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), representam um dos principais problemas do empreendimento florestal no Brasil. Estudos objetivando determinar a ocorrência e os danos causados por essas formigas em áreas de plantio de Pinus na região Sul do Brasil são escassos. Os principais objetivos desta pesquisa foram a determinação da densidade de ninhos em áreas de plantio de Pinus taeda L. com e sem controle químico e a quantificação de plantas atacadas. Os estudos foram conduzidos no período de janeiro a junho de 2010. O experimento foi instalado em uma fazenda situada no município de Anita Garibaldi (SC). Foram demarcadas quatro parcelas de 0,5 ha, sendo que duas receberam um combate pré-plantio com isca formicida e duas não. Após o plantio, foram realizados censos quinzenais em cada parcela. Constatou-se a ocorrência de formigas das espécies Acromyrmex crassispinus Forel 1909 e Acromyrmex heyeri Forel 1899. Os danos totais médios por hectare causados às mudas foram no máximo de 3,0% no 35º dia e de 5,38% no 63o dia de avaliação. Os controles às formigas podem ser diminuídos se forem levados em consideração época do plantio, densidade dos formigueiros e porcentagem de danos causados às mudas.AbstractAssessment of damages caused by leaf-cutting ants of genus Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in plantations of Pinus taeda in Santa Catarina southern highlands. Leaf-cutting ants of genus Acromyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) represent one of the main problems of forest enterprise in Brazil. Researches aiming to determine occurrence and damage caused by such ants in areas of pine plantation in southern Brazil are scarce. The main aims of this research were determining density of nests in Pinus taeda L. planted areas with and without chemical control, and quantification of attacked plants. The research was developed from January to June 2010. The experiment was set up on a farm in the municipality of Anita Garibaldi, SC. Four plots of 0.5 ha were marked out, two received a pre-planting to combat ant bait, and two others not. After planting, censuses had been managed biweekly to each plot. It revealed the occurrence of the following ant species: Acromyrmex crassispinus Forel 1909 and Acromyrmex heyeri Forel 1899. The average total damage caused to seedlings per hectare reached the maximum of 3.0% at the 35th day, and 5.38% at the 63rd day of evaluation. Ants control can be decreased if it is considered planting time, density of nests and seedlings damage percentage.Keywords: Ant; ant bait; chemical control.
ANÁLISE ECONOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO DE MADEIRA SERRADA NO BRASIL
Authors: Castro Renato Vinícius Oliveira , Castro Ana Flávia Neves Mendes , Ataíde Glauciana Da Mata , Araújo Júnior Carlos Alberto , Marcatti Gustavo Eduardo , Silveira Daniel De Paula , Costa Camila Brás 
Published: August 2014

ResumoEstudos que objetivam analisar o mercado madeira serrada no Brasil merecem destaque por fornecerem orientações sobre sua tendência. Após o avanço no uso de painéis de madeira, o mercado sofreu influências por esse substituto, se fazendo necessárias análises econométricas para dimensionar e planejar a produção, diminuindo riscos e incertezas de comercialização. Esse mercado é dividido em madeiras de não coníferas e coníferas, que contribuem atualmente com 62% e 38% do mercado, respectivamente. Com base em uma série temporal anual da produção brasileira de madeira serrada de não coníferas e coníferas no período de 1961 a 2009, publicada pela Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2011), o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a metodologia Box & Jenkins (Box; Jenkins, 1976) para realizar previsões da produção desse mercado. Os modelos foram avaliados com base nos critérios de Akaike e Schwarz, na significância dos coeficientes, no princípio de parcimônia e no comportamento dos resíduos. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que o modelo autorregressivo de média móvel (ARIMA) (2,1,1) foi adequado para prever a produção de madeira serrada de não coníferas, e o modelo ARIMA (1,1,1) para prever a produção de madeira serrada de coníferas. A metodologia pode ser utilizada para previsão desse mercado. AbstractEconometric analysis of sawn timber production in Brazil. Studies that aim to analyze the lumber market in Brazil are noteworthy for providing guidance on its trend. After advance in wood panels using the market has been influenced by this replacement, and it was necessary an econometric analysis to scale and plan production, reducing risks and uncertainties. Such market is divided into non-coniferous woods and conifers, which currently contribute to 62% and 38% of the market, respectively. Based on an annual time series of non-coniferous and coniferous sawn timber Brazilian production in the 1960 to 2009 period, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO, 2011),the present research aimed to evaluate the methodology Box & Jenkins (BOX; JENKINS, 1976) to forecast the production of this market. The models were evaluated based on the Akaike and Schwarz criteria, at the coefficients significance, at the parsimony principle and at the waste behavior. According to results, the moving average auto-regressive model (ARIMA) (2,1,1) was adequate to predict the non-coniferous sawn timber production and the ARIMA (1,1,1) model to predict the conifers sawn wood production. The methodology can be used for such market prediction.Keywords: Lumber production; time series; Box & Jenkins methodology.
PROPAGAÇÃO DE Cestrum corymbosum POR SEMENTES E ESTAQUIA
Authors: Blum Christopher Thomas , Constantino Valdeci , Souza Karen Koch Fernandes de , Nogueira Antônio Carlos 
Published: August 2014

Cestrum corymbosum é um arbusto ornamental nativo do Brasil. A pesquisa visou estudar sua propagação sexuada e vegetativa, avaliando a germinação e o crescimento e testando o efeito do tamanho das estacas e do ácido indolbutírico (AIB) no seu enraizamento e desenvolvimento. Para avaliar a germinação, foram utilizadas seis repetições de 100 sementes. Em seguida, 200 plântulas foram transferidas para embalagens individuais mantidas em canteiro. O experimento de propagação vegetativa, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2, constituiu-se na combinação de três concentrações de AIB (0, 1000 e 2000 mg.L-1) e dois tamanhos de estacas (8 e 15 cm). As estacas foram plantadas em substrato comercial Plantmax HA®. No experimento de propagação sexuada, verificou-se elevada germinação (92%), assim como alta taxa de sobrevivência após repicagem para recipientes individuais (99,5%). Para o experimento de propagação vegetativa, foi detectada influência significativa do tamanho das estacas em relação à sobrevivência, enraizamento (P < 0,01) e número de folhas (P < 0,05). Estacas de 8 cm apresentaram melhor sobrevivência (93,3%) e enraizamento (91,3%). A aplicação de concentrações de AIB não resultou em diferenças significativas (P < 0,01), demonstrando não ser necessária para o enraizamento dessa espécie.Palavras-chave: Germinação; enraizamento; ácido indolbutírico; espécie nativa; Solanaceae.AbstractPropagation of Cestrum corymbosum by seeds and cuttings. Cestrum corymbosum is an ornamental bush native from Brazil. This research aimed to study the sexual and vegetative propagation of this species, evaluating germination and growth of the seedlings, and testing the influence of indolebutyric acid (IBA) and cuttings size on its rooting and development. In order to evaluate germination, six repetitions of 100 seeds were considered. After that, 200 seedlings have been transplanted to individual packages kept in a bed. The vegetative propagation experiment has been arranged in a 3 x 2 factorial completely randomized design that comprised the combination of three IBA concentrations (0, 1000 and 2000 mg.L-1) for two cuttings sizes (8 and 15 cm). The cuttings were planted in commercial substrate Plantmax HA®. A high germination (92%) has been verified. The survival after transplantation was very high (99.5%). It was detected statistically significant influence of the cuttings size on plants survival, rooting (P<0.01) and leaves number (P<0.05). The cuttings of 8 cm presented better survival (93.3%) and rooting (91.3%) rates. The treatment with IBA in distinct concentrations did not produce results with significant differences (P<0.01).Keywords: Germination; rooting; indolebutyric acid; native species; Solanaceae.
UMA DÉCADA DE DINÂMICA DA FIXAÇÃO DE CARBONO NA BIOMASSA ARBÓREA EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA NO SUL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Mognon Francelo , Dallagnol Felipe Scheibe , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Corte Ana Paula Dalla , Barreto Tauane Garcia 
Published: August 2014

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar anualmente a dinâmica da fixação do carbono na biomassa arbórea em Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana ao longo de uma década. Foram utilizados dados de inventário florestal contínuo advindos de quatro parcelas permanentes de um hectare cada, localizadas em General Carneiro, PR. O período de coleta dos dados iniciou em 1999 e foi concluído em 2009. A estimativa de biomassa arbórea acima do solo no ano de 1999 foi de 178,5 t.ha-1, atingindo valores de 186,75 t.ha-1 e obtendo um IPA da ordem de 0,75 t.ha-1.ano-1. Dessa forma, as estimativas de carbono estocado no fragmento avaliado foram de 74,07 t.ha-1, atingindo, após uma década, 77,53 t.ha-1. Conclui-se que a floresta mostrou, nas condições vigentes, baixa capacidade em fixar carbono, com uma taxa de incremento anual da ordem de 0,31 t.ha-1.ano-1. No entanto, embora a floresta apresente um baixo incremento anual de carbono, pode ser caracterizada como um sumidouro do mesmo, devido ao estoque de carbono existente em sua biomassa florestal. Dessa forma, mesmo uma floresta próxima da estagnação em termos de fixação de carbono pode proporcionar benefícios socioambientais, entre outros, na forma de sumidouros de carbono.Palavras-chave: Biomassa florestal; estoque de carbono; dinâmica de comunidade.AbstractA decade of carbon sink dynamics in biomass in mixed rain forest in the south of Paraná. This research aims to evaluate, annually, dynamics of carbon sink in Montana Ombrophilous Mixed Forest along a decade. The data is from four permanent continuous inventory plots of one hectare each, located in General Carneiro - PR. The data collection began in 1999 and was completed in 2009. The above-ground tree biomass estimated in 1999 was 178.5 t ha-1, reaching values of 186.75 t.ha-1, with an annual biomass growing 0.75 t ha-1. year-1. Therefore the stored carbon in the focused fragment was estimated at 74.07 t.ha-1; a decade after it reached 77.53 t ha-1 of stored carbon. As result, the forest revealed, under the prevailing conditions, low capacity to fix carbon, with an annual increase rate of 0.31 t ha-1.year-1. However, although the forest presents low annual carbon increase it can be characterized as a carbon sink, due to the existing carbon stock in the forest biomass. Therefore, even a forest near to stagnation in relation to carbon sink can still perform its environmental service.Keywords: Forest biomass; carbon stock; community dynamics.
A significant nexus: Geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape hydrology
Authors: McLaughlin Daniel L. , Kaplan David A. , Cohen Matthew J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecent U.S. Supreme Court rulings have limited federal protections for geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs) except where a “significant nexus” to a navigable water body is demonstrated. Geographic isolation does not imply GIWs are hydrologically disconnected; indeed, wetland‐groundwater interactions may yield important controls on regional hydrology. Differences in specific yield (Sy) between uplands and inundated GIWs drive differences in water level responses to precipitation and evapotranspiration, leading to frequent reversals in hydraulic gradients that cause GIWs to act as both groundwater sinks and sources. These reversals are predicted to buffer surficial aquifer dynamics and thus base flow delivery, a process we refer to as landscape hydrologic capacitance. To test this hypothesis, we connected models of soil moisture, upland water table, and wetland stage to simulate hydrology of a low‐relief landscape with GIWs, and explored the influences of total wetland area, individual wetland size, climate, and soil texture on water table and base flow variation. Increasing total wetland area and decreasing individual wetland size substantially decreased water table and base flow variation (e.g., reducing base flow standard deviation by as much as 50%). GIWs also decreased the frequency of extremely high and low water tables and base flow deliveries. For the same total wetland area, landscapes with fewer (i.e., larger) wetlands exhibited markedly lower hydrologic capacitance than those with more (i.e., smaller) wetlands, highlighting the importance of small GIWs to regional hydrology. Our results suggest that GIWs buffer dynamics of the surficial aquifer and stream base flow, providing an indirect but significant nexus to the regional hydrologic system.
Structure of a reconnection layer poleward of the cusp: Extreme density asymmetry and a guide field
Authors: Muzamil F. M. , Farrugia C. J. , Torbert R. B. , Pritchett P. R. , Mozer F. S. , Scudder J. D. , Russell C. T. , Sandholt P. E. , Denig W. F , Wilson L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present Polar observations of a reconnection layer during an inbound pass at high northern latitudes. The interplanetary field of 20 nT pointed strongly northward continuously for 13 h. Reverse polar cap convection observed repeatedly by the DMSP F13 satellite provided direct evidence of continued reconnection. Polar observed sunward and southward jets. The event was hallmarked by a density asymmetry ≈140 and moderate guide field. Disturbances in fields and plasma were much more intense on the magnetosphere (MSP) side of the current sheet (CS). A density cavity was observed at both separatrices. Isolated EN peaks occurred at the density cavity regions. The intense electric field fluctuations (≤60 mV/m) were mainly in the component normal to the CS, EN. The guide field pointed opposite to the Hall field, leading to an overall weakening of the out‐of‐plane magnetic field. A magnetic island was observed in the outflow jet. The field reversal at the CS occurred before the outflow jet, which we argue to be due to the large density asymmetry. The stagnation line was strongly shifted toward the MSP side of the CS. We compare observations with simulations which emphasize the density asymmetry and which also include a guide field, and we find good agreement. Remaining discrepancies may be explained by a density asymmetry much larger than in simulations. This is to our knowledge the first study of a high‐latitude reconnection layer with (1) an extreme density asymmetry and (2) steady and continuously strong interplanetary Bz.
On the increasing oscillation period of flows at the tailward retreating flux pileup region during dipolarization
Authors: Panov E. V. , Baumjohann W. , Kubyshkina M. V. , Nakamura R. , Sergeev V. A. , Angelopoulos V. , Glassmeier K.‐H. , Petrukovich A. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOn 23 March 2009 between 6:00 and 6:40 UT, three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes (P3, P4, and P5) were at about −11.5 Earth radii (RE) and two (P1 and P2) were at −14 RE downtail. The inner probes (P3–P5) started to observe oscillatory flow braking with plasma sheet dipolarization due to flux pileup at about 6:04 UT. After 6:16 UT the flux pileup region (FPR) expanded tailward as the outer probes (P1 and P2) moved closer to the neutral sheet and began to observe oscillatory braking also. During the FPR tailward expansion, the flow oscillation period increased from about 3.5 min at P3–P5 to about 6.2 min at P1 and P2. Meanwhile, as observed by the all‐sky camera at Rankin Inlet, auroral activity gradually moved northward indicating that the characteristics of oscillatory flows at the tailward retreating FPR may be crucial for understanding the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling.
Gravity changes and deformation at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, associated with summit eruptive activity, 2009–2012
Authors: Bagnardi Marco , Poland Michael P. , Carbone Daniele , Baker Scott , Battaglia Maurizio , Amelung Falk 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnalysis of microgravity and surface displacement data collected at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii (USA), between December 2009 and November 2012 suggests a net mass accumulation at ~1.5 km depth beneath the northeast margin of Halema‘uma‘u Crater, within Kīlauea Caldera. Although residual gravity increases and decreases are accompanied by periods of uplift and subsidence of the surface, respectively, the volume change inferred from the modeling of interferometric synthetic aperture radar deformation data can account for only a small portion (as low as 8%) of the mass addition responsible for the gravity increase. We propose that since the opening of a new eruptive vent at the summit of Kīlauea in 2008, magma rising to the surface of the lava lake outgasses, becomes denser, and sinks to deeper levels, replacing less dense gas‐rich magma stored in the Halema‘uma‘u magma reservoir. In fact, a relatively small density increase (<200 kg m−3) of a portion of the reservoir can produce the positive residual gravity change measured during the period with the largest mass increase, between March 2011 and November 2012. Other mechanisms may also play a role in the gravity increase without producing significant uplift of the surface, including compressibility of magma, formation of olivine cumulates, and filling of void space by magma. The rate of gravity increase, higher than during previous decades, varies through time and seems to be directly correlated with the volcanic activity occurring at both the summit and the east rift zone of the volcano.
Seasonal surface layer dynamics and sensitivity to runoff in a high Arctic fjord (Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord, 74°N)
Authors: Bendtsen Jørgen , Mortensen John , Rysgaard Søren 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRunoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet, local glaciers, and snowmelt along the northeastern Greenland coastline has a significant impact on coastal water masses flowing south toward Denmark Strait. Very few direct measurements of runoff currently exist in this large area, and the water masses near the coast are also difficult to measure due to the presence of icebergs and sea ice. Measurements from the Zackenberg Research station, located in Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord in northeast Greenland (74°N), provide some of the few observations of hydrographic, hydrologic, and atmospheric parameters from this remote area. Here we analyze measurements from the fjord and also measurements in the ambient water masses, which are found in the outer fjord and between the fjord and the East Greenland Current and validate and apply a numerical model of the fjord. A model sensitivity study allows us to constrain runoff estimates for the area. We also show that a total runoff between 0.9 and 1.4 km3 in 2006 is in accordance with observed surface salinities and calculated freshwater content in the fjord. This indicates that earlier reported runoff to the area is significantly underestimated and that melt from glaciers and the Greenland Ice Sheet in this region may be up to 50% larger than the current estimate. Model simulations indicate the presence of a cold low‐saline coastal water mass formed by runoff from fjords north of the Young Sound/Tyrolerfjord system. Simulations of passive and age tracers show that residence time of river water during the summer period is about 1 month in the inner part of the fjord.
Temporal variability of observed and simulated hyperspectral reflectance
Authors: Roberts Y. L. , Pilewskie P. , Feldman D. R. , Kindel B. C. , Collins W. D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMultivariate analysis techniques were used to quantify and compare the spectral and temporal variability of observed and simulated shortwave hyperspectral Earth reflectance. The observed reflectances were measured by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument between 2002 and 2010. The simulated reflectances were calculated using climate Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs), which used two Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change AR4 scenarios (constant CO2 and A2 emission) to drive Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission simulations. Principal component (PC) spectral shapes and time series exhibited evidence of physical variables including cloud reflectance, vegetation and desert albedo, and water vapor absorption. Comparing the temporal variability of the OSSE‐simulated and SCIAMACHY‐measured hyperspectral reflectance showed that their Intertropical Convergence Zone‐like Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical PC1 ocean time series had a 90° phase difference. The observed and simulated PC intersection quantified their similarity and directly compared their temporal variability. The intersection showed that despite the similar spectral variability, the temporal variability of the dominant PCs differed as in, for example, the 90° phase difference between the SH tropical intersection PC1s. Principal component analysis of OSSE reflectance demonstrated that the spectral and centennial variability of the two cases differed. The A2 PC time series, unlike the constant CO2 time series, exhibited centennial secular trends. Singular spectrum analysis isolated the A2 secular trends. The A2 OSSE PC1 and PC4 secular trends matched those in aerosol optical depth and total column precipitable water, respectively. This illustrates that time series of hyperspectral reflectance may be used to identify and attribute secular climate trends with a sufficiently long measurement record and high instrument accuracy.