bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syntheses and Structures of 10‐Trimethylelement‐Substituted 1,8‐Dichloroanthracenes
Authors: Lamm Jan‐Hendrik , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Ziemann Eric , Kinder Timo A. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract1,8‐Dichloroanthracenes bearing EMe3 substituents at the 10‐position (E = Si, Ge, Sn) have been synthesised by salt elimination reactions. The key compound, 10‐bromo‐1,8‐dichloroanthracene (2), was quantitatively obtained by conversion of 1,8‐dichloroanthracene with elemental bromine in dichloromethane. The EMe3‐substituted anthracene compounds 1,8‐dichloro‐10‐(trimethylsilyl)‐ (3), 1,8‐dichloro‐10‐(trimethylgermyl)‐ (4) and 1,8‐dichloro‐10‐(trimethylstannyl)anthracene (5) were completely characterised by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Their molecular structures in the crystalline state were analysed by X‐ray diffraction experiments and compared with the crystal structure of 10‐tert‐butyl‐1,8‐dichloroanthracene (1). It was found that the level of deformation of the anthracene backbone continuously increases along the series of anthracene substituents SnMe3 < GeMe3 < SiMe3 < CMe3. Owing to the good agreement of experimental structural parameters with the results of quantum chemical calculations, the molecular deformations can be regarded as inherent molecular properties.
Three‐dimensional T2‐weighted imaging for liver MRI: Clinical values of tissue‐specific variable refocusing flip‐angle turbo spin echo imaging
Authors: Takayama Yukihisa , Nishie Akihiro , Asayama Yoshiki , Ushijima Yasuhiro , Fujita Nobuhiro , Shimamoto Dai , Yoshiura Takashi , Obara Makoto , Takemura Atsushi , Yoneyama Masami , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo assess the clinical utility of tissue‐specific variable refocusing flip‐angle (VRFA) turbo‐spin echo imaging for three‐dimensional T2‐weighted imaging (3D‐T2WI) of the liver.Materials and MethodsFifty‐nine patients were scanned with three types of fat‐suppressed T2WI for the comparison: two‐dimensional single‐shot turbo spin echo T2WI (ssT2WI), 3D‐T2WI with tissue‐specific VRFA (VISTA‐TSV), and 3D‐T2WI with low‐constant VRFA (VISTA). Qualitatively, artifacts in the left and right lobes of the liver and black‐blood effects in the liver were compared using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test with the Bonferroni correction. The detection and correct characterization rates of liver lesions were compared using McNemar's test.ResultsVISTA‐TSV showed reduced artifacts in the left and right lobes of the liver compared with VISTA (P < 0.017). The artifacts shown by VISTA‐TSV were equivalent to those shown by ssT2WI. The black‐blood effects of VISTA‐TSV and VISTA were better than that of ssT2WI (P < 0.017). VISTA‐TSV showed the best detection and correct characterization rate of liver lesions among the three imaging techniques (P < 0.05).Conclusion3D‐T2WI with tissue‐specific VRFA can reduce artifacts of the liver, sufficiently suppress the signal in blood vessels, and has a potential to improve the detection and correct characterization rates of liver lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:339–346.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparing segmented ASL perfusion of vascular territories using manual versus semiautomated techniques in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Helton Kathleen J. , Glass John O. , Reddick Wilburn E. , Paydar Amir , Zandieh Arash R. , Dave Rachna , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Wu Song , Hankins Jane , Aygun Banu , Ogg Robert J. 
Published: January 2014

PurposeElevated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an adaptive pathophysiologic response associated with decreased vascular reserve and increased risk for ischemia. We compared manual (M) and semiautomated (SA) vascular territory delineation to facilitate standardized evaluation of CBF in children with SCA.Materials and MethodsASL perfusion values from 21 children were compared for gray matter and white matter (WM) in vascular territories defined by M and SA delineation. SA delineated CBF was compared with clinical and hematologic variables acquired within 4 weeks of the MRI.ResultsCBF measurements from M (MCA 82 left, 79 right) and SA (MCA 81 left, 81 right) delineated territories were highly correlated (R = 0.99, P < 0.0001). Bland‐Altman plots had close‐fitting limits of agreement of −1.8 to −3.5 lower limit and 0 to 1.8 upper limit. SA vascular territory delineation was comparable to the expert delineation with a kappa index of 0.62–0.85 and was considerably faster. Median territorial CBF values did not differ by gender or age. WM perfusion in the posterior cerebral artery territories was positively correlated with degree of hemolysis (R = 0.58, P = 0.01 left, 0.73, P < 0.001 right) and negatively correlated with hemoglobin (R = −0.48; P = 0.03 left; −0.47; P = 0.04 right) and hemoglobin F (R = −0.42; P = .09 left; −0.47; P = 0.049 right).ConclusionWe established the validity of the SA method, which in our experience was much faster than the M method for delineation of vascular territories. Associations between CBF and hematologic variables may demonstrate pathophysiologic changes that contribute to clinical variation in CBF. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:439–446.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Computerized Order Entry System Was Adopted with High User Satisfaction at an Orthopedic Teaching Hospital
Authors: Murray-Weir Mary , Magid Steven , Robbins Laura , Quinlan Patricia , Sanchez-Villagomez Pamela , Shaha Steven H. 
Published: January 2014

Background Computerized provider order entry (CPOE) has been considered essential for the reduction of medical errors and increased patient safety. Assessment of staff perception regarding a CPOE system is important for satisfaction and adoption. Incorporation of user feedback can greatly improve the functionality of a system and promote user satisfaction. Questions/Purposes This study aims to develop an informatics staff satisfaction survey instrument and to understand what components of computerized prescriber order entry (CPOE) contribute to staff satisfaction and its variability over time. Methods The 22-question survey was developed by a multidisciplinary group and focused on patient data including demographics, orders, medications, laboratory, and radiology data. The questions were designed to understand if clinicians (1) could easily access the information needed to properly take care of patients, (2) could act upon the information once acquired, (3) could obtain the information clearly, and (4) were alerted to potential errors. The survey was distributed just prior to “go-live,” 6 and 12 months after go-live. Responses were given on a five-point Likert scale. Results The survey results post-implementation showed user satisfaction with CPOE. Satisfaction regarding the ease of obtaining orders, medication, and lab data had a significant improvement at 6 and 12 months post-implementation, p < 0.001. Satisfaction that the computerized order entry system provided information needed to take care of their patients improved, p < 0.01. At 1 year post-implementation, user satisfaction declined from 6 months earlier but still demonstrated an overall increase in satisfaction from pre-implementation. Conclusion Compared prior to go-live, clinicians are satisfied or very satisfied across multiple spheres and multiple disciplines. At all time points, clinicians were able to obtain information required to take care of their patients. However, post-go-live, it was easier to obtain and act upon as well as more clear and understandable.
Radiographic Indicators of a Shared Epiphysis in Radial Polydactyly
Authors: Johnson Michael H. , Melvani Roshan T. , Patel Neil N. , Cheng Christine J. , Hutchison Richard L. 
Published: January 2014

Background Thumb epiphyses cannot be visualized on radiographs in infants with radial polydactyly, making it difficult to classify by Wassel type. The purpose of this study was to identify radiographic features that distinguish a separate epiphysis from a shared epiphysis. This may assist in operative planning and establishing prognosis. Methods The charts of 34 radial polydactyly patients treated with surgical reconstruction from 2008 through 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Measurements of the most proximal bones involved in the duplication, including length, width at shaft, width at base, distance between radial and ulnar thumb, and angle between radial and ulnar thumb, were taken from PA radiographs of the thumb by four blinded individuals. The interclass correlation coefficient was calculated to determine inter-observer reliability. Operative notes were reviewed to distinguish between shared and separate epiphyses. Several indices were created from these measurements. Results Radiographic measurements showed high ***interobserver reliability. There were statistically significant differences between patients with separate and shared epiphyses for indices for the width shaft index, interspace distance, the angle×interspace distance, and the angle×interspace index. Conclusion Radiographic differences exist between children with separate and shared epiphyses. In patients with shared epiphyses, the radial thumb tends to be smaller, closer to the ulnar thumb, and less divergent. Threshold values were identified for predicting the status of the epiphysis based on the angle×interspace distance and the angle×interspace index. These values may be used to help determine in advance of surgery if a shared epiphysis exists.
Cardiovascular Screening Practices in Collegiate Student‐Athletes
Authors: Charboneau Megan L. , Mencias Tara , Hoch Anne Z. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate screening practices and preparticipation evaluation (PPE) forms used to identify, or raise suspicion of, cardiovascular abnormalities in collegiate student‐athletes.DesignPhone and e‐mail survey.SettingNational Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities.ParticipantsAll 347 NCAA Division I universities were invited to participate in 2010‐2011; 257 universities (74%) elected to participate.Main Outcome MeasuresInformation about the preparticipation screening process was obtained from team physicians and/or certified athletic trainers. PPE forms were evaluated for the inclusion of the 12 specific American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for cardiovascular screening of competitive athletes from the 2007 AHA Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism consensus panel endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.ResultsAll 257 participating universities (100%) required preparticipation screening for freshman and transfer athletes, and 83 universities (32%) required an annual PPE for returning athletes. The PPE was performed on campus at 85% of the universities, whereas 15% of universities allowed the PPE to be completed by the athlete's choice of physician before he or she arrived on campus. Eleven universities (4%) used the recently updated American College of Sports Medicine 4th edition PPE. Sixteen universities (6%) used the American College of Sports Medicine 3rd edition PPE. The remaining 260 universities (90%) did not use either of these forms. Of the 257 Division I universities, only 21 universities (8%) met the AHA recommendations by including all 12 cardiovascular screening items on their PPE forms.ConclusionThe majority (92%) of NCAA Division I universities do not use PPE forms that meet the AHA recommendations for cardiovascular screening; therefore, they may not be effectively screening collegiate student‐athletes for cardiovascular abnormalities that could lead to sudden cardiac death.
Tsunami: Ocean dynamo generator
Authors: Sugioka Hiroko , Hamano Yozo , Baba Kiyoshi , Kasaya Takafumi , Tada Noriko , Suetsugu Daisuke 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSecondary magnetic fields are induced by the flow of electrically conducting seawater through the Earth's primary magnetic field (‘ocean dynamo effect’) and hence it has long been speculated that tsunami flows should produce measurable magnetic field perturbations, although the signal-to-noise ratio would be small because of the influence of the solar magnetic fields. Here, we report on the detection of deep-seafloor electromagnetic perturbations of 10-micron-order induced by a tsunami, which propagated through a seafloor electromagnetometer array network. The observed data extracted tsunami characteristics, including the direction and velocity of propagation as well as sea-level change, first to verify the induction theory. Presently, offshore observation systems for the early forecasting of tsunami are based on the sea-level measurement by seafloor pressure gauges. In terms of tsunami forecasting accuracy, the integration of vectored electromagnetic measurements into existing scalar observation systems would represent a substantial improvement in the performance of tsunami early-warning systems.
Parametric likelihood inference for interval censored competing risks data
Authors: Hudgens Michael G. , Li Chenxi , Fine Jason P. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryParametric estimation of the cumulative incidence function (CIF) is considered for competing risks data subject to interval censoring. Existing parametric models of the CIF for right censored competing risks data are adapted to the general case of interval censoring. Maximum likelihood estimators for the CIF are considered under the assumed models, extending earlier work on nonparametric estimation. A simple naive likelihood estimator is also considered that utilizes only part of the observed data. The naive estimator enables separate estimation of models for each cause, unlike full maximum likelihood in which all models are fit simultaneously. The naive likelihood is shown to be valid under mixed case interval censoring, but not under an independent inspection process model, in contrast with full maximum likelihood which is valid under both interval censoring models. In simulations, the naive estimator is shown to perform well and yield comparable efficiency to the full likelihood estimator in some settings. The methods are applied to data from a large, recent randomized clinical trial for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV.
Transnational Organizing: A Case Study of Contract Workers in the Colombian Mining Industry
Authors: Cotton Elizabeth , Royle Tony 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article examines recent organizing successes in theCarbones delCerrejón coal mine, reversing the organizational crisis of theColombian mining union,Sintracarbon. UsingWever's concept of ‘field‐enlarging strategies’, we argue that these events were facilitated by the dissemination of organizing experiences between affiliates of aGlobalUnionFederation, International Federation of Chemical, Energy, Mine and General Workers' Unions (ICEM), which recently merged to formIndustriALL. Additionally, we argue that this articulation between international and national unions, based on the principle of subsidiarity, was facilitated through sustainedICEMeducational project activity, providing multiple entry points forSintracarbon to operationalize its strategy and re‐establish bargaining with multinational employers.
Effectiveness of Community Forestry in Prey Long Forest, Cambodia
Authors: LAMBRICK FRANCES H. , BROWN NICK D. , LAWRENCE ANNA , BEBBER DANIEL P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCambodia has 57% forest cover, the second highest in the Greater Mekong region, and a high deforestation rate (1.2%/year, 2005–2010). Community forestry (CF) has been proposed as a way to reduce deforestation and support livelihoods through local management of forests. CF is expanding rapidly in Cambodia. The National Forests Program aims to designate one million hectares of forest to CF by 2030. However, the effectiveness of CF in conservation is not clear due to a global lack of controlled comparisons, multiple meanings of CF, and the context‐specific nature of CF implementation. We assessed the effectiveness of CF by comparing 9 CF sites with paired controls in state production forest in the area of Prey Long forest, Cambodia. We assessed forest condition in 18–20 randomly placed variable‐radius plots and fixed‐area regeneration plots. We surveyed 10% of households in each of the 9 CF villages to determine the proportion that used forest products, as a measure of household dependence on the forest. CF sites had fewer signs of anthropogenic damage (cut stems, stumps, and burned trees), higher aboveground biomass, more regenerating stems, and reduced canopy openness than control areas. Abundance of economically valuable species, however, was higher in control sites. We used survey results and geographic parameters to model factors affecting CF outcomes. Interaction between management type, CF or control, and forest dependence indicated that CF was more effective in cases where the community relied on forest products for subsistence use and income.Efectividad de la Silvicultura Comunal en el Bosque Prey Long, Camboya
Thermal Image and Leakage Current Diagnostic as a Tool for Testing and Condition Monitoring of ZnO Surge Arrester
Authors: N. Novizon , Abdul Malek Zulkurnain , Bashir Nouruddeen , Asilah N. 
Published: January 2014

This paper presents a study proposing a method to assess the condition of metal-oxide surge arresters. Thermal data using thermal imaging as well as the leakage current third harmonic component were used as tools to investigate the surge arrester aging condition. Artificial Neural Network was employed to classify surge arrester condition with the temperature profile, ambient temperature and humidity as inputs and third harmonic leakage current as target. The results indicated a strong relationship between the thermal profile and leakage current of the surge arrester. This finding suggests the viability of this method in condition monitoring of surge arrester.
Pearl-chain-type Trees in Silicone Gel Under AC Voltage
Authors: Fujii Masaharu , Ihori Haruo , Jeon Hyeon-Gu 
Published: January 2014

The tree growth has been usually classified to three stages; inception, propagation and runaway stage under AV voltage. When the two-dimensional (2-D) specimen of silicone rubber was used, the propagation stage was divided to two stages: straight and isotropic growth stages. 2-D specimen is useful to observe AC trees with many branches since the number of the branches of AC tree is usually larger than DC and impulse tree. When the silicone rubber is fabricated, two types of silicone gel is mixed up; one includes catalytic agent. If the mixed ratio is changed from 1:1, silicone rubber has fluidity or viscosity. In theses cases, breakdown or partial discharge phenomena also change. Under certain conditions of gel, tree has been developing with bubble-like and string-like pattern alternatively. This tree is called pearl-chain-like tree. At first the tree developed like bubble and then a projection like cone was generated on the surface of the bubble. The tip of the cone expanded and formed a new bubble. This process was repeated. If two tips of the cone are formed on the surface of the bubble, the branching occurs. The shape of tree is like pearl-chain. The pattern of the tree is usually string (or straight) channel and branching. However In the pearl-chain like tree, string channel has consisted of two channels; bubble and string. Branching has occurred at bubbles. These data is important to investigate the mechanism of tree.
Electric Potential Distribution of Electrical Capacitance Tomography System at the Centre of Pipe Based on Segmented Excitation
Authors: Mohammad Din Shahrulnizahani , Abdul Rahim Ruzairi , Pei Ling Leow 
Published: January 2014

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of the systems used to inspect closed pipe flow. This paper will present the proposed segmented excitation of electrodes with a focus on the low resolution problem. Modelling of 8, 12 and 16 electrodes is done using COMSOL Multiphysics. The number of excitation electrodes is increased until half of the electrodes are excited at the same time. The electrical potential distribution is analyzed and the voltage value at the centre of the pipe is captured. The results show that there is improvement of electrical potential and voltage value in proportion to the number of electrodes excited at the same.
A Conceptual Model of Customer Behavioral Intentions: Moderating Effects of Switching Barriers and Social Ties
Authors: Mat Dawi Norazryana , Jusoh Ahmad , Md Nor Khalil 
Published: January 2014

Service quality and customer satisfaction are believed to affect customer behavior. On that basis, research related to service quality and customer satisfaction whether in manufacturing or services sector continued to gain great attention among social science researchers and academicians. One of the main research focus in marketing field is to get a better understanding in the dynamic relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction and their impact on customer behavior. The effect of switching barriers imposed by service provider to the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer behavioral intentions has received a considerable attention but it is still in the matter of debate. Review of the literature showed a little research has been done to measure the effect of social switching barrier as a result from interaction between customers who share same service. This paper proposed a conceptual framework which explained how the concept of switching barriers and social ties moderating the relationship between customer satisfaction and customer’s behavioral intentions in a pay TV setting. The findings of this article would provide important implications to the service provider. More importantly, based on the obtained results, service provider can enhance performance by improving the current strategies on customer relationship management.
Some Applications of Elliptic Integrals of First Kind
Authors: Barakat Yasamin , Sarmin Nor Haniza 
Published: January 2014

One of the most important applications of elliptic integrals in engineering mathematics is their usage to solve integrals of the form (Eq. 1), where is a rational algebraic function and is a polynomial of degree with no repeated roots. Nowadays, incomplete and complete elliptic integrals of first kind are estimated with high accuracy using advanced calculators. In this paper, several techniques are discussed to show how definite integrals of the form (Eq. 1) can be converted to elliptic integrals of the first kind, and hence be estimated for optimal values. Indeed, related examples are provided in each step to help clarification.
Effect of Different Types of Microporous Layer Toward the Performance of Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cell
Authors: Mohamed Aslam Norraihanah , Masdar Mohd Shahbudin , Kamarudin Siti Kartom 
Published: January 2014

Typical electrodes of anode and cathode are supported on macroporous backing layer with additional microporous carbon layer. The effect of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) on the cell performance in a direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) has been characterized.Â The performance of DFAFC might be hindered by mass transfer limitation due to hydrophilicity properties of the formic acid. By measuring the contact angle and SEM photograph, the physicochemical and surface morphology of different types of GDL can be classified. Meanwhile, the effects of carbon materials such as carbon black, carbon nanofibre and carbon nanotube as a microporous layer on the backing layer of carbon paper were investigated on the basis of the characterization and the performance. From the results, it was obtained that CNF was a good material as microporous layer due to the properties of in plane conductivity, high current in cyclic voltammetry and also had smoother surface on the morphology test.