bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extent of recovery in the first 12 months of complex regional pain syndrome type‐1: A prospective study
Authors: Bean D.J. , Johnson M.H. , Heiss‐Dunlop W. , Kydd R.R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe literature concerning the outcomes of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is contradictory, with some studies suggesting high rates of symptom resolution, whilst others demonstrate that CRPS symptoms can persist and lead to significant disability. The aim of the present study was to carefully document the extent of recovery from each of the signs and symptoms of CRPS.MethodsA sample of 59 patients with recently onset (<12 weeks) CRPS‐1 were followed prospectively for 1 year, during which time they received treatment‐as‐usual. At baseline, 6 and 12 months, the following were measured: CRPS severity scores (symptoms and signs of CRPS), pain, disability, work status and psychological functioning.ResultsAnalyses showed that rates of almost all signs and symptoms of CRPS reduced significantly over 1 year. Reductions in symptom severity were clinically relevant and were greatest in the first 6 months and plateaued thereafter. However, at 1 year, nearly 2/3 of patients continued to meet the IASP‐Orlando criteria for CRPS and 1/4 met the Budapest research criteria for CRPS. Only 5.4% of patients were symptom‐free at 12 months.ConclusionsOverall the results were less optimistic than several previously conducted prospective studies and suggest that few cases of CRPS resolve completely within 12 months of onset. Improvements were generally greater in the first 6 months, and suggest that it may be worth exploring early interventions to prevent long‐term disability in CRPS.
Retreating ice: research in pro‐glacial areas matters
Authors: Heckmann Tobias , McColl Samuel , Morche David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGlacier forefields are landscapes in transition from glacial to non‐glacial conditions; this implies intense geomorphic, hydrological and ecological dynamics with important on‐ and off‐site effects. This special issue collects 13 papers covering recent research in both (sub‐)polar and alpine pro‐glacial environments that focus on (i) pro‐glacial sediment sources, (ii) pro‐glacial rivers, (iii) pro‐glacial lakes, (iv) ground water and ice, and (v) the development of soil and vegetation in its interplay with morphodynamics. Advances in mapping, surveying and geophysical techniques form the basis for research perspectives related to the historical evolution of pro‐glacial areas, the understanding of complex interactions of multiple processes, and the effects of continued glacier recession. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteogenic potential and synergistic effects of growth factors delivered from a bionic composite system
Authors: Chen Tao , Gomez Alan W. , Zuo Yi , Li Xiang , Zhang Zhen , Li Yubao , Hu Jing , Li Jihua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrevious research has raised substantial controversy over the synergistic effects of exogenous growth factors, BMP‐2 and bFGF, when used together for the treatment of bony defects. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of BMP‐2 and bFGF at specified dose ratio composited with n‐HA/PU40, a porous scaffold material, for repairing femoral defect in rats. Four weeks after implantation of this composite system, tissue specimens were collected for histological, immunohistochemical examinations, and µ‐CT scanning. The results showed that the group DUAL/BMSCs with both the factors had better effect on repairing bone defects than the other four groups in terms of new bone formation and bone‐scaffold bonding, suggesting crosstalk between these growth factors during early bone regeneration. This work demonstrates that provided that there is effective contact between cells and active proteins in the defect area, the controlled release of bFGF and BMP‐2 have positive synergistic effects on early bone formation in the defect area. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 659–668, 2016.
Synthesis of 5‐Cyano‐2‐Carbethoxythieno[2,3‐b]thiophenyl‐3,4‐Diisothiocyanates and Its Utility IN Heterocyclic Synthesis under Phase Transfer Catalytic Technique
Authors: Abd Allah O. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRegarding to the importance of thieno[2,3‐b]thiophens and isothiocyanaetes reactiveties in the physical, chemical and pharmaceutical fields, this study has been undertaken to prepare the target compound 5‐cyano‐2‐carbethoxythieno[2,3‐b]thiophenyl‐3,4‐diisothiocyanates via a safe method. The formed isothiocyanates derivative was reacted with aromatic amines, acid hydrazied and some active methylene groups, followed by cyclization reaction for the formed intermediates to give new series of heterocyclic compounds
Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, DNA Interaction and Antioxidant, Studies of New Nitrosubstituted Thioureas and Their Copper Complexes
Authors: Patujo Jahangeer , Badshah Amin , Hussain Raja Azadar , Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Tahir Shaista , Rauf Muhammad Khawar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the present work new nitro substituted thioureas, and their copper complexes have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR and multinuclear NMR techniques. Some of the compounds namely 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐1), 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(4‐chloro‐3‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) and 1‐benzoyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitrophenyl) thiourea (A‐2) have also been characterized by single crystal XRD. All the synthesized compounds have been screened for DNA binding potencies (using cyclic voltametry, UV‐vis spectroscopy) and free radical scavanging activities.
Sturgeon hatching enzyme and the mechanism of egg envelope digestion: Insight into changes in the mechanism of egg envelope digestion during the evolution of ray‐finned fish
Authors: Nagasawa Tatsuki , Kawaguchi Mari , Sano Kaori , Yasumasu Shigeki 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe investigated the evolution of the hatching enzyme gene using bester sturgeon (hybrid of Acipencer ruthenus and Huso huso), a basal member of ray‐finned fishes. We purified the bester hatching enzyme from hatching liquid, yielding a single band on SDS‐PAGE, then isolated its cDNA from embryos by PCR. The sturgeon hatching enzyme consists of an astacin family protease domain and a CUB domain. The CUB domains are present in frog and bird hatching enzymes, but not in teleostei, suggesting that the domain structure of sturgeon hatching enzyme is the tetrapod type. The purified hatching enzyme swelled the egg envelope, and selectively cleaved one of five egg envelope proteins, ZPAX. Xenopus hatching enzyme preferentially digests ZPAX, thus, the egg envelope digestion process is conserved between amphibians and basal ray‐finned fish. Teleostei hatching enzymes cleave the repeat sequences at the N‐terminal region of ZPB and ZPC, suggesting that the targets of the teleostei hatching enzymes differ from those of amphibians and sturgeons. Such repeat sequences were not found in the N‐terminal region of ZPB and ZPC of amphibians and sturgeons. Our results suggest that the change in substrates of the hatching enzymes was accompanied by the mutation of the amino acid sequence of N‐terminal regions of ZPB and ZPC. We conclude that the changes in the mechanism of egg envelope digestion, including the change in the domain structure of the hatching enzymes and the switch in substrate, occurred during the evolution of teleostei, likely triggered by the teleost‐specific third whole genome duplication. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 720–732, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flexible System Solutions for Innovative Laser Welding Processes
Authors: Bautze Thibault 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe new platform WeldMaster by Precitec provides a large toolset for modern laser welding applications. Sensors and actuators for the pre‐, in‐ and post‐process monitoring and control are implemented, offering the most advanced all‐in‐one system‐solution for laser welding tasks. The customer's benefits are especially valuable in automotive applications, where robustness, efficiency and reliability are highly demanded. The combination with an intelligent welding head allows to improve known applications and to develop trend‐setting joining processes.
Multifunctional Amphiphilic Nanoparticles Featuring (Bio)Degradable Core and Dual‐Responsive Shell as Biomedical Platforms for Controlled Release
Authors: Gromadzki Daniel , Rychter Piotr , Uchman Mariusz , Momekova Denitsa , Marcinkowski Andrzej , Koseva Neli S. , El Fray Miroslawa , Marić Milan 
Published: October 2015

Multifunctional polymeric platforms combining (bio)degradable and biocompatible, temperature and pH‐sensitive entities hold great promise as nanocarriers for targeted drug and gene delivery, and tissue engineering. In this work, preparation and characterization of surfactant‐free polyester nanoparticles (NPs) from biobased polyesters poly(butylene sebacate) (PBSE) and poly(butylene sebacate‐co‐butylene dilinoleate)s (PBSE/PBDL) using nanoprecipitation is reported. This strategy leads to spherical nanosized particles with sizes narrowly distributed in a range of 30–200 nm which is appropriate for internalization by a variety of cells. The effect of molecular parameters and type of solvent used in the nanoprecipitation protocol on the size and shape of produced polyester nanocolloids and their in vitro degradation in PBS solution at 37 °C is elucidated by quasi‐elastic light scattering (QELS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) techniques. A dense cationic brush layer (≈ 20 nm) of stimuli‐responsive and biocompatible poly(2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile) is grafted on the surface of PBSE/PBDL NPs through “grafting onto” (arm first) coupling chemistry.
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Lipophilic Ionomers with Bulky Ion‐Pairs and Effect of Counterion on Miscibility of the Ionomer Blends
Authors: Ohta Masahiko , Ono Toshikazu , Kokado Kenta , Kakugo Akira , Sada Kazuki 
Published: October 2015

In this study, polystyrene (PS) ionomers having tetraalkylammonium with a series of counterions are prepared with various feed ratio of the ionic units and blended with nonionic poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) which is originally immiscible with PS. According to differential scanning calorimetry analysis, in the blends of ionomers with tetraarylborate and PBMA, the ionomers with more than 1 mol% of the ionic units are completely miscible with PBMA. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction measurements reveal that the bulky and lipophilic ion‐pair inhibits the association of ions and instead induces the attractive interaction to alkyl groups of PBMA. Tensile tests of the miscible specimen exhibit both characteristic behavior, that is, high tensile strength as PS and high elongation property of PBMA.
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Hyperinsulinemia in individuals with obesity: Role of insulin clearance
Authors: Kim Mee Kyoung , Reaven Gerald M. , Chen Yii‐Der Ida , Kim Eric , Kim Sun H. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveSeveral studies have shown decreased insulin clearance rate (ICR) in individuals with obesity, but it remains unclear whether this is predominately due to obesity‐associated insulin resistance (IR) or obesity itself. This study aimed to clarify the complex interrelationship that exists between obesity, IR, and ICR.MethodsHealthy volunteers (n = 277) had measurement of IR and ICR using the insulin suppression test (IST). IR was quantified by determining the steady‐state plasma glucose (SSPG) during the IST. ICR was estimated by dividing the insulin infusion rate by the steady‐state plasma insulin concentration. We performed our analysis by stratifying the experimental population into four dichotomous categories, varying in obesity and IR. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2, and IR was defined as SSPG ≥ 150 mg/dL.ResultsIndividuals with obesity had higher fasting insulin compared with individuals without obesity, regardless of IR. ICR was similar between individuals with and without obesity but was higher in insulin resistant individuals compared with insulin‐sensitive individuals. In multivariate analysis, both fasting insulin and SSPG were significantly associated with ICR. No significant relationships were observed between BMI and ICR.ConclusionsReduced ICR in obesity is secondary to IR, not excess adiposity.
Do Industrial Tax Abatements Spur Property Value Growth?
Authors: Kang Sung Hoon , Reese Laura , Skidmore Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDespite ongoing debate regarding the effectiveness of tax abatements, Michigan's Industrial Facilities Tax (IFT) abatement program has been widely and extensively used to boost local economic development. In this article, we estimate the effects of industrial property tax abatements on industrial, residential, and commercial property value growth in the context of regional competition for a panel of 152 communities in the five counties surrounding Detroit from 1983 through 2002. We find that: (1) offering tax abatements yields statistically significant positive impacts on industrial property value growth; (2) the impacts are larger in high tax than in low tax communities; (3) there are positive spillover effects of industrial tax abatements on residential and commercial property value growth; (4) tax abatements offered in competitor communities do not appear to influence own industrial property value growth; and (5) changes in the own as well as competitor property tax rates are important determinants of industrial property value growth. However, the fiscal benefits of tax abatements are quite small as compared with the costs of offering abatements even when spillover benefits to residential and commercial properties are considered.
Functionalization of poly(ester‐urethane) surface by radiation‐induced grafting of N‐isopropylacrylamide using conventional and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer‐mediated methods
Authors: Walo Marta , Przybytniak Grażyna , Barsbay Murat , Güven Olgun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe functionalization of poly(ester‐urethane) (PUR) surface was conducted using radiation‐induced grafting. A thermosensitive layer constructed from N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was introduced onto a polyurethane film and characterized using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies and contact angle measurements. Size exclusion chromatography was used to analyse the PUR‐graft‐PNIPAAm copolymers and homopolymers formed in solution. Additionally, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was performed in order to obtain PNIPAAm‐grafted surfaces with well‐defined properties. Atomic force microscopy was used to evaluate the surfaces synthesized via conventional and RAFT‐mediated grafting methods. The results of various techniques confirmed the successful grafting of NIPAAm from PUR film. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Exploring the communication of oncologists, patients and family members in cancer consultations: development and application of a coding system capturing family‐relevant behaviours (KINcode)
Authors: Laidsaar‐Powell Rebekah , Butow Phyllis , Bu Stella , Dear Rachel , Fisher Alana , Coll Joseph , Juraskova Ilona 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundFamily members (FMs) regularly attend oncology consultations. However, limited studies have assessed actual behaviours of oncologists, patients and FMs – particularly during decision‐making. The current study aimed the following: (i) to rigorously develop a family (kin) interaction coding system (KINcode) capturing communication and decision‐making behaviours of FMs and family‐relevant behaviours of oncologists and patients and (ii) to apply KINcode to initial oncology consultations.MethodsThe 80‐item KINcode system was developed and applied to 72 transcripts of audiotaped medical/radiation oncology consultations including an FM, collected as part of two previous studies.ResultsThe role of the FM varied considerably within the one encounter, with 33% of FMs assuming three or more roles across the four consultation stages. Whilst most FMs asked treatment decision questions (71%), a minority engaged in other behaviours such as prompting patient questions (4%) or providing information relevant to the decision to the oncologist (18%). Although oncologists rarely initiated interaction with FMs such as in rapport building (18%) or asking FMs questions (25%), they were typically fully responsive to FM questions (90%). Many patients asked their FM a question (42%), but few elicited the FM's decision preferences (4%).ConclusionsThis study provides novel insights into the complex nature of family involvement. The findings highlight potentially positive FM‐focused consultation behaviours such as oncologist responsiveness to family questions and potential areas for improvement such as rapport building, invitation of questions and validation of the family's role. Family‐specific communication skills training should be considered in medical student and professional education settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of synthetic natural gas production pathways for the storage of renewable energy
Authors: Fendt Sebastian , Buttler Alexander , Gaderer Matthias , Spliethoff Hartmut 
Published: October 2015

The production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) to store renewable energy in a chemical energy carrier can be accomplished basically through three main production pathways: the biochemical (biogas upgrade), thermochemical (gasification and synthesis gas upgrade) and electrochemical (‘Power‐to‐Gas’) pathway. The technologies applied in these concepts are described and the three pathways are compared in terms of their state of development, efficiencies, and economics. While the biochemical pathway is already established on a commercial scale, the thermochemical and electrochemical routes are still in the pilot‐plant phase. Biochemical production ofSNGreaches efficiencies in the range of 55–57% but with a potential of above 80%. In comparison, higher efficiencies of up to 70% for the thermochemical pathway are currently expected, with future improvement up to 75%. Electrochemical production achieves efficiencies in the range of 54–60% with expected potential up to 78%. Therefore at the moment the highest efficiencies are given for the thermochemical pathway followed by the electrochemical and biochemical pathways. Economic evaluation is done by comparing specific production costs as well as mean specific investment costs forSNG. Generally speaking, specific production and investment costs decrease with time horizon and increasing scale of the plant. Specific production cost levels in €ct/kWhSNGvary between 5.9 and 13.7 (biochemical), 5.6 and 37 (thermochemical), and 8.2 and 93 (electrochemical). Thus, none of the concepts can compete with today's natural gas prices, but all options are able to provide valuable assistance for a sustainable transition of the energy system.WIREs Energy Environ2016, 5:327–350. doi: 10.1002/wene.189This article is categorized under:Bioenergy > Economics and PolicyEnergy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure
Gross Examination of the Placenta and Its Importance in Evaluating an Unexplained Intrauterine Fetal Demise
Authors: Jaiman Sunil 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlacenta, a fascinating multifunctional organ, of fetal origin, plays a pivotal conciliatory role during pregnancy by being intimately connected to the mother and her baby. The importance of placenta is irrefutable, being an exceptional (and easily-accessible) source of information which echoes the intrauterine environment. Placental examination can shed light upon factors pertaining to the current pregnancy and its outcome, guide postpartum management, provide insight into clinical problems (such as seizures, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure) that become evident hours or days after delivery, be predictive of future pregnancies, and even play a role in medico-legal situations. The rhetoric that since most babies are normal so are the placentas, therefore an examination of all placentas may not be warranted, has fallen in disfavor and currently placental examination even for ‘routine’ deliveries is being advocated. Until such time, this becomes an established practice examination of the placenta should certainly be performed in any maternal or fetal complications and stillbirths. The placenta can provide exceedingly-useful information relating to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, it has been shown repeatedly that a placental examination is needed to understand the causes of perinatal deaths. In order to derive clinically-useful information from the placenta, meticulous macroscopic examination is the first step. The present article describes indications whereby placental examination is warranted, mentions stepwise gross description of the placental cord, membranes, and the disk and the usefulness of placental examination in perinatal death; a figurative narration and a template for placental grossing are included.
REINTERPRETING THE REINTERPRETATION OF THE REINTERPRETATION OF FAIRCHILD
Authors: Morgan Jonathan 
Published: October 2015

FAIRCHILD v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd. [2002] UKHL 22; [2003] 1 A.C. 32 was a hard case that made bad law. Now, for the fourth time, an appeal has gone to the highest tribunal, to unravel Fairchild's resulting complications. International Energy Group Ltd. v Zurich Insurance plc. [2015] UKSC 33; [2015] 2 W.L.R. 1471 (“Zurich”) represents “yet another demanding chapter in [that] difficult series of decisions”: at [189], per Lord Neuberger and Lord Reed. Zurich's resolution took seven judges, in four reasoned judgments, 211 paragraphs, or 80 pages of the law reports – some 46,000 words.
FORGERIES AND INDEMNITY IN LAND REGISTRATION
Authors: Smith Roger 
Published: October 2015

A standard land law problem is that land, or an interest in it, is claimed by two persons, usually as a result of a mistake or fraud of a third party, not worth suing. Both of the claimants are innocent parties. Common law solutions tend to an all-or-nothing approach – one person wins and the other loses. Land registration possesses the significant advantage that compensation (indemnity) may be paid to the losing party. For this to be possible, either a loss must be caused by rectification of the register or there must be a loss which requires rectification to be remedied. So, if the wrong person is registered as proprietor, whoever loses the land (which is likely to turn on the rules for rectification of the register) will be compensated. There has been little litigation on indemnity, but it was established by Re Chowood's Registered Land [1933] Ch. 574 that a purchaser bound by an overriding interest is not entitled to indemnity. Rectification of the purchaser's title recognises existing legal rights to the land and itself causes no loss to the purchaser.
A new aglaspidid euarthropod with a six-segmented trunk from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Konservat-Lagerstätte, Morocco
Authors: ORTEGA-HERNÁNDEZ JAVIER , VAN ROY PETER , LEROSEY-AUBRIL RUDY 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new euarthropod with an uncommon morphology,Brachyaglaspis singularisgen. et sp. nov., is described from the Early Ordovician (middle Floian) Fezouata biota of Morocco. The presence of a pair of postventral plates, widely attached to each other and located under the posterior-most trunk tergite and the base of the tailspine, indicates a phylogenetic relationship with the enigmatic group Aglaspidida. The overall morphology ofBrachyaglaspismost closely resembles that of the ‘Ordovician-type’ aglaspidids, more specifically the late Cambrian – Early Ordovician genusTremaglaspis. However, the presence of a prominent cephalon and only six trunk tergites in the new genus deviates from the organization of all other known aglaspidid species, notably extending the known range of morphological disparity of the group. A taxonomic revision of this euarthropod group indicates that the most accurate name and authorship combination correspond to Aglaspidida Walcott, 1912.