bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Characteristic Function, a Method-Specific Alternative to the Horwitz Function
Authors: Thompson Michael 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The Horwitz function is compared with the characteristic function as a descriptor of the precision of individual analytical methods. The Horwitz function describes the trend of reproducibility SDs observed in collaborative trials in the food sector over a wide range of concentrations of the analyte. However, it is imperfectly adaptable for describing the precision of individual methods, which is the role of the characteristic function. An essential difference between the two functions is that the characteristic function can accommodate a detection limit. This makes it a useful alternative when the precision of a method down to a detection limit is of interest. Many characteristic functions have a simple mathematical form, the parameters of which can be estimated with the usual resources. The Horwitz function serves an additional role as a fitness-for-purpose criterion in the form of the Horwitz ratio (HorRat). This use also has some shortcomings. The functional form of the characteristic function (with suitable prescribed parameters) is better adapted to this task.
Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit
Authors: Li Jun , Cheung Win Den , Opdyke Jason , Harvey John , Chong Songchun , Moon Cheol Gon 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Salmonella, one of the most common causes of foodborne illness, is a significant public health concern worldwide. There is a need in the food industry for methods that are simple, rapid, and sensitive for the detection of foodborne pathogens. In this study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit, a realtime PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella, was evaluated according to the current AOAC guidelines. The validation consisted of lot-to-lot consistency, stability, robustness, and inclusivity/exclusivity studies, as well as a method comparison of 10 different food matrixes. In the validation, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit was used in conjunction with the Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus™ PCR system and the Samsung Food Testing Software for the detection of Salmonella species. The performance of the assays was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Food Safety and Inspection Service-Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook (USDA/FSIS-MLG) 4.05: Isolation and Identification of Salmonella from Meat, Poultry, Pasteurized Egg, and Catfish and the and U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Bacteriological Analytical Manual (FDA/BAM) Chapter 5 Salmonella reference methods. The validation was conducted using an unpaired study design for detection of Salmonella spp. in raw ground beef, raw pork, raw ground pork, raw chicken wings, raw salmon, alfalfa sprouts, pasteurized orange juice, peanut butter, pasteurized whole milk, and shell eggs. The Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit demonstrated lot-to-lot consistency among three independent lots as well as ruggedness with minor modifications to changes in enrichment incubation time, enrichment incubation temperature, and DNA sample volume for PCR reaction. Stability was observed for 13 months at –20°C and 3 months at 5°C. For the inclusivity/exclusivity study, the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit correctly identified 147 Salmonella species isolates out of 147 isolates tested from each of three different enrichment broths (a total of 441 isolates detected), and correctly excluded all 31 nontarget strains analyzed. For the method comparison, statistical analysis was conducted according to the Mantel-Haenszel Chi-square formula for unpaired test portions, and there was no significant difference in the number of positive samples detected between the Samsung Salmonella Detection Kit and the USDA/FSIS-MLG and FDA/BAM reference methods for all 10 food matrixes.
Performance of the AOAC Use-Dilution Method with Targeted Modifications: Collaborative Study
Authors: Tomasino Stephen F , Parker Albert E , Hamilton Martin A , Hamilton Gordon C 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in collaboration with an industry work group, spearheaded a collaborative study designed to further enhance the AOAC use-dilution method (UDM). Based on feedback from laboratories that routinely conduct the UDM, improvements to the test culture preparation steps were prioritized. A set of modifications, largely based on culturing the test microbes on agar as specified in the AOAC hard surface carrier test method, were evaluated in a five-laboratory trial. The modifications targeted the preparation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa test culture due to the difficulty in separating the pellicle from the broth in the current UDM. The proposed modifications (i.e., the modified UDM) were compared to the current UDM methodology for P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella choleraesuis was not included in the study. The goal was to determine if the modifications reduced method variability. Three efficacy response variables were statistically analyzed: the number of positive carriers, the log reduction, and the pass/fail outcome. The scope of the collaborative study was limited to testing one liquid disinfectant (an EPA-registered quaternary ammonium product) at two levels of presumed product efficacies, high and low. Test conditions included use of 400 ppm hard water as the product diluent and a 5% organic soil load (horse serum) added to the inoculum. Unfortunately, the study failed to support the adoption of the major modification (use of an agar-based approach to grow the test cultures) based on an analysis of method's variability. The repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations for the modified method were equal to or greater than those for the current method across the various test variables. However, the authors propose retaining the frozen stock preparation step of the modified method, and based on the statistical equivalency of the control log densities, support its adoption as a procedural change to the current UDM. The current UDM displayed acceptable responsiveness to changes in product efficacy; acceptable repeatability across multiple tests in each laboratory for the control counts and log reductions; and acceptable reproducibility across multiple laboratories for the control log density values and log reductions. Although the data do not support the adoption of all modifications, the UDM collaborative study data are valuable for assessing sources of method variability and a reassessment of the performance standard for the UDM.
Web Accessibility, Libraries, and the Law
Authors: Fulton Camilla 
Published: December 2012

With an abundance of library resources being served on the web, researchers are finding that disabled people oftentimes do not have the same level of access to materials as their nondisabled peers. This paper discusses web accessibility in the context of United States’ federal laws most referenced in web accessibility lawsuits. Additionally, it reveals which states have statutes that mirror federal web accessibility guidelines and to what extent. Interestingly, fewer than half of the states have adopted statutes addressing web accessibility, and fewer than half of these reference Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act or Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0. Regardless of sparse legislation surrounding web accessibility, librarians should consult the appropriate web accessibility resources to ensure that their specialized content reaches all.
Topological vs. lexical determination in English particle verbs (PVs)
Authors: Geld Renata 
Published: December 2012

Author/s
Renata GeldUniversity of Zagreb, Croatia

ABSTRACT
The central aim of this work is to describe semantic determination, i.e., topological vs. lexical determination, by investigating aspects of construal (Langacker 1987) in English PVs with in and out. The paper focuses on L2 processing related to what we might call strategic thinking about linguistic meaning. More specifically, it attempts to demonstrate the following: a) how the nature of verbs affects the overall semantic determination of particle verb constructions, and b) if/how the users of English make sense of particle verbs, and how much they rely on topological/grammatical components in the process of constructing meaning. The results suggest that the nature of verbs does affect the users’ strategic meaning construal – it differs in terms of their tendency towards one of the following types of semantic determination: a) topological, b) lexical, and, c) compositional.
Ressources muséales, TIC et univers social au primaire : résultats d’une recherche collaborative
Authors: Larouche Marie-Claude , Meunier Anik , Lebrun Nicole 
Published: December 2012

Cette recherche collaborative porte sur l’utilisation, l’application et l’intégration des ressources pédagogiques en ligne du musée McCord dans l’enseignement de l’univers social au troisième cycle du primaire. La première partie fait état du peu de ressources pédagogiques en ligne pour répondre adéquatement aux besoins et aux exigences du milieu scolaire. Elle identifie également des liens entre les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et le programme de formation au primaire pour soutenir le développement des compétences dans le domaine de l’univers social. Nous traitons ensuite de la place de plus en plus importante qu’occupent les ressources muséales dans l’enseignement et l’apprentissage et, plus particulièrement, de l’expertise du musée McCord en ce domaine. La deuxième partie décrit la méthode de recherche développée, ainsi que la démarche d’élaboration, de mise à l’essai et de validation des ressources pédagogiques en ligne sur le site du Musée. La troisième partie présente les résultats à propos de l’appropriation des ressources, l’apprentissage des élèves et la pertinence des ressources web. Enfin, en quatrième partie, nous formulons quelques recommandations en vue d’une intégration efficace et efficiente en milieu scolaire des ressources pédagogiques en ligne dont il est question dans cette étude.
Iron‐Catalyzed Tandem One‐Pot Addition and Cyclization of the Blaise Reaction Intermediate and Nitroolefins: Synthesis of Substituted NH‐Pyrroles from Nitriles
Authors: Zhao Mi‐Na , Liang Hao , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe iron‐catalyzed addition and cyclization of the Blaise reaction intermediate and nitroolefins to synthesize highly functionalized NH‐pyrroles in a tandem one‐pot manner from nitriles has been developed. This reaction shows good functional group tolerance and affords a broad spectrum of substituted NH‐pyrroles in good yields.
Co‐existence of 9p deletion and Silver‐Russell syndromes in a patient with maternally inherited cryptic complex chromosome rearrangement involving chromosomes 4, 9, and 11
Authors: Hu Jie , Sathanoori Malini , Kochmar Sally , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , McGuire Marianne , Surti Urvashi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report a patient with a maternally inherited unbalanced complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving chromosomes 4, 9, and 11 detected by microarray comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This patient presents with clinical features of 9p deletion syndrome and Silver‐Russell syndrome (SRS). Chromosome analysis performed in 2000 showed what appeared to be a simple terminal deletion of chromosome 9p22.1. aCGH performed in 2010 revealed a 1.63 Mb duplication at 4q28.3, a 15.48 Mb deletion at 9p24.3p22.3, and a 1.95 Mb duplication at 11p15.5. FISH analysis revealed a derivative chromosome 9 resulting from an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 9 and 11, a chromosome 4 fragment inserted near the breakpoint of the translocation. The 4q28.3 duplication does not contain any currently known genes. The 9p24.3p22.3 deletion region contains 36 OMIM genes including a 3.5 Mb critical region for the 9p‐phenotype. The 11p15.5 duplication contains 49 OMIM genes including H19 and IGF2. Maternal aCGH was normal. However, maternal chromosomal and FISH analyses revealed an apparently balanced CCR involving chromosomes 4, 9, and 11. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with maternally inherited trans‐duplication of the entire imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) among the 11p15.5 duplications reported in SRS patients. This report supports the hypothesis that the trans‐duplication of the maternal copy of ICR1 alone is sufficient for the clinical manifestation of SRS and demonstrates the usefulness of combining aCGH with karyotyping and FISH for detecting cryptic genomic imbalances. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebellar and posterior fossa malformations in patients with autism‐associated chromosome 22q13 terminal deletion
Authors: Aldinger Kimberly A. , Kogan Jillene , Kimonis Virginia , Fernandez Bridget , Horn Denise , Klopocki Eva , Chung Brian , Toutain Annick , Weksberg Rosanna , Millen Kathleen J. , Barkovich A. James , Dobyns William B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe 22q13.3 deletion causes a neurodevelopmental syndrome, also known as Phelan‐McDermid syndrome (MIM #606232), characterized by developmental delay and severe delay or absence of expressive speech. Two patients with hemizygous chromosome 22q13.3 telomeric deletion were referred to us when brain‐imaging studies revealed cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (CBVH). To determine whether developmental abnormalities of the cerebellum are a consistent feature of the 22q13.3 deletion syndrome, we examined brain‐imaging studies for 10 unrelated subjects with 22q13 terminal deletion. In seven cases where the availability of DNA and array technology allowed, we mapped deletion boundaries using comparative intensity analysis with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays. Approximate deletion boundaries for three additional cases were derived from clinical or published molecular data. We also examined brain‐imaging studies for a patient with an intragenic SHANK3 mutation. We report the first brain‐imaging data showing that some patients with 22q13 deletions have severe posterior CBVH, and one individual with a SHANK3 mutation has a normal cerebellum. This genotype–phenotype study suggests that the 22q13 deletion phenotype includes abnormal posterior fossa structures that are unlikely to be attributed to SHANK3 disruption. Other genes in the region, including PLXNB2 and MAPK8IP2, display brain expression patterns and mouse mutant phenotypes critical for proper cerebellar development. Future studies of these genes may elucidate their relationship to 22q13.3 deletion phenotypes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unique pressure‐crystallized structures in ternary bisphenol‐a polycarbonate/dioctyl phthalate/fullerene C60 composites
Authors: Tian Jiaojiao , Liu Guodong , Chen Xin , Lu Jun , Zhou Zuowan , Huang Rui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe report pressure‐controlled fast growth of unique crystalline structures of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (PC) was achieved by the introduction of both dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and fullerene C60. PC/DOP/C60 ternary composites with an overall good C60 dispersion were prepared by an easy physical and mechanical route, and then crystallized in a piston‐cylinder high‐pressure apparatus by varying temperature, pressure, crystallization time and composite composition. The crystallization of PC was greatly hastened by the blending with DOP and C60, and its melting point was increased to 288.25 degrees centigrade by the subsequent high‐pressure treatment, which was around 40° centigrade higher than that of the samples crystallized at normal pressure. Three‐dimensional spiky crystalline spheres were formed with the increase of crystallization temperature, which began with zero‐dimensional nanogranules, and then developed by merging process through the stages of one‐dimensional lamellar crystallites and two‐dimensional dendrites. With pressure increased, the granules merged first into plate crystals, and then into micro‐spheres with rugged surfaces or porous structures. Also, sometimes the granules organized into rugged crystalline nanoballs, and peony‐like stereo‐open structures were observed by changing composite composition. The as‐prepared three‐dimensional crystalline structures, with their large specific areas, may diversify niche functional applications as surface active materials. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Evaluation of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery lesions in relation to Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in patients with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Wang Yujia , Wang Wei , Gong Fangqi , Fu Songling , Zhang Qing , Hu Jian , Qi Yanqi , Xie Chunhong , Zhang Yiying 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the roles of serum Th1 and Th2 cytokines in Kawasaki disease (KD) and determine whether the Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles in children with KD may be involved in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and development of coronary artery lesions (CALs).MethodsSerum Th1 and Th2 cytokines, including interferon‐γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), IL‐6, IL‐4, and IL‐2, were measured using a cytometric bead array in the serum of 143 patients with KD before and after treatment with IVIG (pre‐IVIG, at 3 days after temperature normalization following IVIG treatment [post‐IVIG], and 1 month posttreatment).ResultsLevels of IL‐6, IL‐10, TNFα, and IFNγ were significantly increased in KD patients pre‐IVIG. Post‐IVIG, the levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFNγ quickly decreased. The levels of TNFα decreased significantly after IVIG treatment in KD patients without CALs post‐IVIG and in KD patients who were IVIG responders, but increased slightly in KD patients with CALs post‐IVIG and in KD patients who were IVIG nonresponders. Before IVIG treatment, the levels of IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, and IFNγ were significantly higher in KD patients with CALs than in those without CALs. The post‐IVIG levels of IL‐6 and IL‐10 were significantly higher in IVIG nonresponders than in IVIG responders. Pre‐IVIG, an IL‐10 level >8 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 75.0% and a specificity of 64.4% for predicting CALs, while a TNFα level <2 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 74.2% for predicting IVIG resistance. Post‐IVIG, an IL‐6 level >10 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 67.9% and a specificity of 81.7% for predicting CALs, while an IL‐10 level >6 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 53.6% and a specificity of 86% for predicting CALs.ConclusionDetermination of the serum Th1/Th2 cytokine profile may be helpful for predicting the disease prognosis and targeting treatment strategies in patients with KD.
Tumor necrosis factor α– and interleukin‐1β–dependent induction of CCL3 expression by nucleus pulposus cells promotes macrophage migration through CCR1
Authors: Wang Jianru , Tian Ye , Phillips Kate L. E. , Chiverton Neil , Haddock Gail , Bunning Rowena A. , Cross Alison K. , Shapiro Irving M. , Le Maitre Christine L. , Risbud Makarand V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) regulation of CCL3 expression in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and in macrophage migration.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were used to measure CCL3 expression in NP cells. Transfections were used to determine the role of NF‐κB, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPβ), and MAPK on cytokine‐mediated CCL3 promoter activity. The effect of NP‐conditioned medium on macrophage migration was measured using a Transwell system.ResultsAn increase in CCL3 expression and promoter activity was observed in NP cells after TNFα or IL‐1β treatment. Treatment of cells with NF‐κB and MAPK inhibitors abolished the effect of the cytokines on CCL3 expression. The inductive effect of p65 and C/EBPβ on the CCL3 promoter was confirmed through gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function studies. Notably, cotransfection with p50 completely blocked cytokine‐ and p65‐dependent induction. In contrast, c‐Rel and RelB had little effect on promoter activity. Lentiviral transduction with short hairpin RNA for p65 (shp65) and shIKKβ significantly decreased the TNFα‐dependent increase in CCL3 expression. Analysis of degenerated human NP tissue samples showed that CCL3, but not CCL4, expression correlated positively with the grade of tissue degeneration. Importantly, treatment of macrophages with conditioned medium of NP cells treated with TNFα or IL‐1β promoted their migration. Pretreatment of macrophages with an antagonist of CCR1, the primary receptor for CCL3 and CCL4, blocked cytokine‐mediated migration.ConclusionOur findings indicate that TNFα and IL‐1β modulate the expression of CCL3 in NP cells by controlling the activation of MAPK, NF‐κB, and C/EBPβ signaling. The CCL3–CCR1 axis may play an important role in promoting macrophage infiltration in degenerated, herniated discs.
Longitudinal Risk Factors for Cyberbullying in Adolescence
Authors: Sticca Fabio , Ruggieri Sabrina , Alsaker Françoise , Perren Sonja 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCyberbullying has emerged as a new form of antisocial behaviour in the context of online communication over the last decade. The present study investigates potential longitudinal risk factors for cyberbullying. A total of 835 Swiss seventh graders participated in a short‐term longitudinal study (two assessments 6 months apart). Students reported on the frequency of cyberbullying, traditional bullying, rule‐breaking behaviour, cybervictimisation, traditional victimisation, and frequency of online communication (interpersonal characteristics). In addition, we assessed moral disengagement, empathic concern, and global self‐esteem (intrapersonal characteristics). Results showed that traditional bullying, rule‐breaking behaviour, and frequency of online communication are longitudinal risk factors for involvement in cyberbullying as a bully. Thus, cyberbullying is strongly linked to real‐world antisocial behaviours. Frequent online communication may be seen as an exposure factor that increases the likelihood of engaging in cyberbullying. In contrast, experiences of victimisation and intrapersonal characteristics were not found to increase the longitudinal risk for cyberbullying over and above antisocial behaviour and frequency of online communication. Implications of the findings for the prevention of cyberbullying are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oxidative Folding of Peptides with Cystine‐Knot Architectures: Kinetic Studies and Optimization of Folding Conditions
Authors: Reinwarth Michael , Glotzbach Bernhard , Tomaszowski Michael , Fabritz Sebastian , Avrutina Olga , Kolmar Harald 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBioactive peptides often contain several disulfide bonds that provide the main contribution to conformational rigidity and structural, thermal, or biological stability. Among them, cystine‐knot peptides—commonly named “knottins”—make up a subclass with several thousand natural members. Hence, they are considered promising frameworks for peptide‐based pharmaceuticals. Although cystine‐knot peptides are available through chemical and recombinant synthetic routes, oxidative folding to afford the bioactive isomers still remains a crucial step. We therefore investigated the oxidative folding of ten protease‐inhibiting peptides from two knottin families, as well as that of an HIV entry inhibitor and of aprotinin, under two conventional sets of folding conditions and by a newly developed procedure. Kinetic studies identified folding conditions that resulted in correctly folded miniproteins with high rates of conversion even for highly hydrophobic and aggregation‐prone peptides in concentrated solutions.