bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myeloid Cell–Specific ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter A1 Deletion Has Minimal Impact on Atherogenesis in Atherogenic Diet–Fed Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Knockout Mice
Authors: Bi Xin , Zhu Xuewei , Gao Chuan , Shewale Swapnil , Cao Qiang , Liu Mingxia , Boudyguina Elena , Gebre Abraham K. , Wilson Martha D. , Brown Amanda L. , Parks John S. 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
Transplantation studies suggest that bone marrow cell ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 protects against atherosclerosis development. However, the in vivo effect of macrophage ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 expression on atherogenesis is not fully understood because bone marrow contains other leukocytes and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Myeloid-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 knockout mice in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor knockout C57BL/6 background were developed to address this question.

Approach and Results—
Chow-fed myeloid-specific ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 knockout/LDL receptor knockout (double knockout [DKO]) versus LDL receptor knockout (single knockout [SKO]) mice had similar plasma lipid concentrations, but atherogenic diet (AD)–fed DKO mice had reduced plasma very-LDL (VLDL)/LDL concentrations resulting from decreased hepatic VLDL triglyceride secretion. Resident peritoneal macrophages from AD-fed DKO versus SKO mice had significantly higher cholesterol content but similar proinflammatory gene expression. Atherosclerosis extent was similar between genotypes after 10 to 16 weeks of AD but increased modestly in DKO mice by 24 weeks of AD. Lesional macrophage content was similar, likely because of the higher monocyte flux through aortic root lesions in DKO versus SKO mice. After transplantation of DKO or SKO bone marrow into SKO mice and 16 weeks of AD feeding, atherosclerosis extent was similar and plasma apolipoprotein B lipoproteins were reduced in mice receiving DKO bone marrow. When differences in plasma VLDL/LDL concentrations were minimized by maintaining mice on chow for 24 weeks, DKO mice had modest, but significantly more, atherosclerosis compared with SKO mice.

Conclusions—
Myeloid cell ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 increases hepatic VLDL triglyceride secretion and plasma VLDL/LDL concentrations in AD-fed LDL receptor knockout mice, offsetting its atheroprotective role in decreasing macrophage cholesterol content, resulting in a minimal increase in atherosclerosis.
α5β1 Integrin Signaling Mediates Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein–Induced Inflammation and Early Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yurdagul Arif , Green Jonette , Albert Patrick , McInnis Marshall C. , Mazar Andrew P. , Orr A. Wayne 
Published: May 2014

Objective—
Endothelial cell activation drives early atherosclerotic plaque formation. Both fibronectin deposition and accumulation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) occur early during atherogenesis, and both are implicated in enhanced endothelial cell activation. However, interplay between these responses has not been established. The objective of our study was to determine whether endothelial matrix composition modulates the inflammatory properties of oxLDL.

Approach and Results—
We now show that oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, proinflammatory gene expression, and monocyte binding are significantly enhanced when endothelial cells are attached to fibronectin compared with basement membrane proteins. This enhanced response does not result from altered oxLDL receptor expression, oxLDL uptake, or reactive oxygen species production, but results from oxLDL-induced activation of the fibronectin-binding integrin α5β1. Preventing α5β1 signaling (blocking antibodies, knockout cells) inhibits oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression. Furthermore, oxLDL drives α5β1-dependent integrin signaling through the focal adhesion kinase pathway, and focal adhesion kinase inhibition (PF-573228, small interfering RNA) blunts oxLDL-induced nuclear factor-κB activation, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression, and monocyte adhesion. Last, treatment with the α5β1 signaling inhibitor, ATN-161, significantly blunts atherosclerotic plaque development in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice, characterized by reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and macrophage accumulation without affecting fibrous cap size.

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that α5β1-mediated cross-talk between fibronectin and oxLDL regulates inflammation in early atherogenesis and that therapeutics that inhibit α5 integrins may reduce inflammation without adversely affecting plaque structure.
Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen Donor–Recipient Matching and Pediatric Heart Transplant Graft Survival
Authors: Butts Ryan J. , Scheurer Mark A. , Atz Andrew M. , Moussa Omar , Burnette Ali L. , Hulsey Thomas C. , Savage Andrew J. 
Published: May 2014

Background—
The effect of donor–recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching on outcomes remains relatively unexplored in pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of donor–recipient HLA matching on graft survival in pediatric heart transplantation.

Methods and Results—

The UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing) database was queried for heart transplants occurring between October 31, 1987, and December 31, 2012, in a recipient aged ≤17 years with ≥1 postoperative follow-up visit. Retransplants were excluded. Transplants were divided into 3 donor–recipient matching groups: no HLA matches (HLA-no), 1 or 2 HLA matches (HLA-low), and 3 to 6 HLA matches (HLA-high). Primary outcome was graft loss. Four thousand four hundred seventy-one heart transplants met the study inclusion criteria. High degree of donor–recipient HLA matching occurred infrequently: HLA-high (n=269; 6%) versus HLA-low (n=2683; 60%) versus HLA-no (n=1495; 34%). There were no differences between HLA matching groups in the frequency of coronary vasculopathy (
P
=0.19) or rejection in the first post-transplant year (
P
=0.76). Improved graft survival was associated with a greater degree of HLA donor–recipient matching: HLA-high median survival, 17.1 (95% confidence interval, 14.0–20.2) years; HLA-low median survival, 14.2 (13.1–15.4) years; and HLA-no median survival, 12.1 (10.9–13.3 years) years;
P
<0.01, log-rank test. In Cox-regression analysis, HLA matching was independently associated with decreased graft loss: HLA-low versus HLA-no hazard ratio, 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.74–0.99),
P
=0.04; HLA-high versus HLA-no, 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.90),
P
<0.01.

Conclusions—
Decreased graft loss in pediatric heart transplantation was associated with a higher degree of donor–recipient HLA matching, although a difference in the frequency of early rejection or development of coronary artery vasculopathy was not seen.
Warfarin-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Åsberg Signild , Eriksson Marie , Henriksson Karin M. , Terént Andreas 
Published: May 2014

Background and Purpose—
The aim was to investigate the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with ischemic stroke taking warfarin and whether this risk changed over time.

Methods—
Between 2001 and 2008, the Swedish Stroke Register registered 12 790 patients with ischemic stroke discharged on warfarin. The patients was studied in two 4-year periods (inclusion 2001–2004: follow-up until 2005 and inclusion 2005–2008: follow-up until 2009) for which rates of subsequent ICH were calculated. Adjusted hazard ratios, comparing the second period with the first period, were estimated in Cox regression models.

Results—
Of 6039 patients, 58 patients (1.0%) in the first period and 69 of 6751 patients (1.0%) in the second period had subsequent ICH. Annual rates of ICH ranged from 0.37% in the first period to 0.39% in the second period (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.73–1.48).

Conclusions—
In this nationwide study, the risk of warfarin-associated ICH among ischemic stroke patients was low and did not change during the 2000s.
How males form coalitions against group rivals and the Pandit/van Schaik coalition model
Authors: Young Christopher , Schülke Oliver , Ostner Julia 
Published: May 2014

In group living animals, there is pronounced variation in the formation and function of cooperation between males via coalitionary aggression. Pandit, van Schaik and colleagues developed a mathematical model to predict the evolution of different coalition types in group-living male primates, the PvS model. Coalitions are classified into five types dependent on the ranks of the participants and the function of the aggression. The main factor determining the coalition types expected to evolve is contest potential, an estimate of female monopolisability by individual males. We examined the model using groups of Assamese (Macaca assamensis) and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) to gain a full range of contest potentials. We observed, across groups, 393 coalitions during 3645 h of data collection. We measured contest potential on a species-specific basis dependent on the information males can infer about female reproductive state. By examining coalition formation in different populations and species, but also in the same groups over time, we showed the strengths and weaknesses of the PvS model. We discuss why our results do not fully fit the model’s predictions, including differing costs/benefits of coalition formation, such as delayed benefits via increased status, making rank-changing coalitions viable at mid–low contest potential. Alternative factors not considered by the model include the effect of male social bonds on coalition partner choice and the effect of female mate-choice on coalition target selection. Finally, we suggest possible improvements to the model and provide information on how best to test the current predictions of the PvS model.
Male social bonds: strength and quality among co-resident white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Schoof Valérie A.M. , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: May 2014

Social relationships among immigrant same-sex co-residents have received relatively little attention, particularly for species where males are the dispersing sex. White-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) are unusual in that immigrant males form cooperative alliances with co-resident males during intergroup encounters, and also have affiliative and tolerant intragroup relationships. We collected approx. 3341 h of focal animal data on 25 adult and subadult males in five groups of wild Cebus capucinus in the Santa Rosa Sector, Costa Rica, across three distinct field seasons. Using generalized linear mixed models, we examined the influence of number of co-resident males, group socionomic sex ratio, dominance status and age, and past parallel dispersal on social bond strength (i.e., proximity, contact rest, grooming, preferred grooming partners) and quality (i.e., grooming reciprocity) for 47 unique male–male dyads. Overall, dyads that included an alpha male had the weakest and least equitable bonds, while dyads composed of subordinate males had the strongest and most equitable bonds, with subordinate subadult peers being most likely to form preferred relationships. Several measures of bond strength and quality were highest among dyads in groups with few males and low socionomic sex (female-to-male) ratios. Dyad partners who had previously engaged in parallel dispersal had slightly better bonds than those that did not, suggesting that kinship and/or familiarity may be important. Our results indicate that within groups, male relationships are influenced by power asymmetry, partner availability, and dyad relationship history.
Towards an Interpretation of the Civic Oath of the Chersonesites (IOSPE I2 401)
Authors: Makarov Igor A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract1This article treats controversial questions relating to the study of the civic oath from Tauric Chersonesos (iospeI2401). Comparison of the document from Chersonesos with others of a similar kind makes it possible to specify with greater precision the nature of the document in question and its historical interpretation. A distinctive feature of the oath sworn by the citizens of Chersonesos is the inclusion in it of a section relating to the obligations of the magistrates in thepolisand the members of its council. Arguments are outlined in support of a new interpretation of lines 24-25, according to which the term σαστήρ mentioned in them is a word designating the treasury of thepolis.A more precise reading of the concluding lines of the Chersonesos oath is also presented here.
‘A Wound in the Heart’
Authors: Hoekema Alle G. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
This article reflects on the role of religion as one of four, interconnected layers in the contextual novels of the candid and controversial Indonesian author Ayu Utami (b. 1968). Next to important gender issues, substantial critique of Indonesian politics, and attention to Javanese culture and mythology, her Christian background is present, in varying density, in all novels she has published so far. This can be proved by numerous quotations from the Bible and even by the fact, that the main protagonist of her largest novel so far is given an almost Messianic status. In her earlier novels, Ayu Utami seems to distance herself from patriarchic, institutional Catholicism. However, in her most recent, autobiographical, novel she makes clear, why and under which conditions she is able to return to her maternal faith.
A Taxonomic Revision of Desmodium (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) in Brazil
Authors: LIMA LAURA CRISTINA PIRES , QUEIROZ LUCIANO PAGANUCCI DE , TOZZI ANA MARIA GOULART DE AZEVEDO , LEWIS GWILYM PETER 
Published: May 2014

Desmodium is characterized mainly by lilac flowers arranged in pseudoracemose inflorescences, stamens monadelphous or diadelphous and a lomentaceous fruit generally covered by uncinate hairs. A taxonomic revision of the Brazilian species was carried out based on the analysis of 3,000 herbarium specimens, including all nomeclatural types. Field trips to the most species-rich areas of Desmodium in Brazil were undertaken, resulting in the sampling of 29 out of the 34 species recognised for the country. We recognise 101 names as synonyms, 27 of which are new. Lectotypes were designated for 60 accepted names and synonyms, and two neotypes and one epitype were chosen. A new combination is proposed for Meibomia microcarpa, as well as a new name for Meibomia guaranitica var. microcarpa. Desmodium album is a new record for Brazil, and D. craspediferum, D. glabrescens and D. juruenense, previously known only by type collections, were recollected during this study. All species are described, mapped and illustrated. An identification key, and comments on taxonomy and nomenclature are provided.
Impacts of Satellite-Based Rainfall Products on Predicting Spatial Patterns of Rift Valley Fever Vectors*
Authors: Guilloteau Clement , Gosset Marielle , Vignolles Cecile , Alcoba Matias , Tourre Yves M. , Lacaux Jean-Pierre 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Spatiotemporal rainfall variability is a key parameter controlling the dynamics of mosquitoes/vector-borne diseases such as malaria, Rift Valley fever (RVF), or dengue. Impacts from rainfall heterogeneity at small scales (i.e., 1–10 km) on the risk of epidemics (i.e., host bite rate or number of bites per host and per night) must be thoroughly evaluated. A model with hydrological and entomological components for risk prediction of the RVF zoonosis is proposed. The model predicts the production of two mosquito species within a 45 km × 45 km area in the Ferlo region, Senegal. The three necessary steps include 1) best rainfall estimation on a small scale, 2) adequate forcing of a simple hydrological model leading to pond dynamics (ponds are the primary larvae breeding grounds), and 3) best estimate of mosquito life cycles obtained from the coupled entomological model. The sensitivity of the model to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of rainfall is first tested using high-resolution rain fields from a weather radar. The need for high-resolution rain data is thus demonstrated. Several high-resolution satellite rainfall products are evaluated in the region of interest using a dense rain gauge network. Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis 3B42, version 6 (TMPA-3B42V6), and 3B42 in real time (TMPA-3B42RT); Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) in near–real time (GSMaP-NRT) and Moving Vector with Kalman version (GSMaP-MVK); African Rainfall Estimation Algorithm, version 2.0 (RFE 2.0); Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH); and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN) are tested and finally corrected using a probability matching method. The corrected products are then used as forcing to the coupled model over the 2003–10 period. The predicted number and size of ponds and their dynamics are greatly improved compared to the model forced only by a single gauge. A more realistic spatiotemporal distribution of the host bite rate of the RVF vectors is thus expected.
The Landfall and Inland Penetration of a Flood-Producing Atmospheric River in Arizona. Part II: Sensitivity of Modeled Precipitation to Terrain Height and Atmospheric River Orientation
Authors: Abel Mimi R. , Mahoney Kelly M. , Neiman Paul J. , Moore Benjamin J. , Alexander Michael , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis manuscript documents numerical modeling experiments based on a January 2010 atmospheric river (AR) event that caused extreme precipitation in Arizona. The control experiment (CNTL), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with 3-km grid spacing, agrees well with observations. Sensitivity experiments in which 1) model grid spacing decreases sequentially from 81 to 3 km and 2) upstream terrain is elevated are used to assess the sensitivity of interior precipitation amounts and horizontal water vapor fluxes to model grid resolution and height of Baja California terrain. The drying ratio, a measure of airmass drying after passage across terrain, increases with Baja’s terrain height and decreases with coarsened grid spacing. Subsequently, precipitation across Arizona decreases as the Baja terrain height increases, although it changes little with coarsened grid spacing. Northern Baja’s drying ratio is much larger than that of southern Baja. Thus, ARs with a southerly orientation, with water vapor transports that can pass south of the higher mountains of northern Baja and then cross the Gulf of California, can produce large precipitation amounts in Arizona. Further experiments are performed using a linear model (LM) of orographic precipitation for a central-Arizona-focused subdomain. The actual incidence angle of the AR (211°) is close to the optimum angle for large region-mean precipitation. Changes in region-mean precipitation amounts are small (~6%) owing to AR angle changes; however, much larger changes in basin-mean precipitation of up to 33% occur within the range of physically plausible AR angles tested. Larger LM precipitation sensitivity is seen with the Baja-terrain-modification experiments than with AR-angle modification.
Challenges of Operational River Forecasting
Authors: Pagano Thomas C. , Wood Andrew W. , Ramos Maria-Helena , Cloke Hannah L. , Pappenberger Florian , Clark Martyn P. , Cranston Michael , Kavetski Dmitri , Mathevet Thibault , Sorooshian Soroosh , Verkade Jan S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Skillful and timely streamflow forecasts are critically important to water managers and emergency protection services. To provide these forecasts, hydrologists must predict the behavior of complex coupled human–natural systems using incomplete and uncertain information and imperfect models. Moreover, operational predictions often integrate anecdotal information and unmodeled factors. Forecasting agencies face four key challenges: 1) making the most of available data, 2) making accurate predictions using models, 3) turning hydrometeorological forecasts into effective warnings, and 4) administering an operational service. Each challenge presents a variety of research opportunities, including the development of automated quality-control algorithms for the myriad of data used in operational streamflow forecasts, data assimilation, and ensemble forecasting techniques that allow for forecaster input, methods for using human-generated weather forecasts quantitatively, and quantification of human interference in the hydrologic cycle. Furthermore, much can be done to improve the communication of probabilistic forecasts and to design a forecasting paradigm that effectively combines increasingly sophisticated forecasting technology with subjective forecaster expertise. These areas are described in detail to share a real-world perspective and focus for ongoing research endeavors.
Trend and Variability of the Atmospheric Water Vapor: A Mean Sea Level Issue
Authors: Thao Soulivanh , Eymard Laurence , Obligis Estelle , Picard Bruno 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The wet tropospheric path delay is presently the main source of error in the estimation of the mean sea level by satellite altimetry. This correction on altimetric measurements, provided by a dedicated radiometer aboard the satellite, directly depends on the atmospheric water vapor content. Nowadays, water vapor products from microwave radiometers are rather consistent but important discrepancies remain. Understanding these differences can help improve the retrieval of water vapor and reduce at the same time the error on the mean sea level.
Three radiometers are compared: the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), Jason-1 microwave radiometer (JMR), and Envisat microwave radiometer (MWR). Water vapor products are analyzed both in terms of spatial and temporal distribution over the period 2004–10, using AMSR-E as a reference. The Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) data are also included in the study as an additional point of comparison. Overall, the study confirms the general good agreement between the radiometers: similar patterns are observed for the spatial distribution of water vapor and the correlation of the times series is better than 0.90. However, regional discrepancies are observed and a quantitative agreement on the trend is not obtained. Regional discrepancies are driven by the annual cycle. The JMR product shows discrepancies are highly dependent on water vapor, which might be related to calibration issues. Furthermore, triple collocation analysis suggests a possible drift of JMR. MWR discrepancies are located in coastal regions and follow a seasonal dynamic with stronger differences in summer. It may result from processing of the brightness temperatures.