bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arrests among youth after out‐of‐home mental health treatment: Comparisons across community and residential treatment settings
Authors: Robst John , Armstrong Mary , Dollard Norín , Rohrer Lodi 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are three options in Florida for young people with mental health needs who require out‐of‐home treatment: community‐based group homes, foster families and inpatient group facilities. Prior research has suggested that young people in group settings have poorer criminal justice outcomes, perhaps attributable to negative peer effects in group environments.AimsTo compare arrest rates during and after out‐of‐home treatment for youth across the three settings. To test the hypothesis that arrest rates during treatment are independently related to arrest rates after treatment, after allowing for pre‐treatment characteristics and placement type.MethodsFlorida Medicaid claims data were used to identify children and adolescents in out‐of‐home mental health care from 2003–2007. These were then matched with Florida Department of Juvenile Justice and Law Enforcement records. Propensity score matching was used to allow for observed differences between youth in different treatment settings. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to test relationships between arrest rates.ResultsUnadjusted arrest rates for youth in therapeutic group home care were higher than in psychiatric inpatient units or foster care during and after treatment. Arrests during the treatment episode accounted for a substantial proportion of the difference in arrests after out‐of‐home treatment. After accounting for differences in arrest rates during treatment, the group versus non‐group nature of the treatment setting per se was not a strong determinant of arrest after the treatment episode.Conclusions and implications for practiseAttention to the causes of higher arrest rates in group homes, which may include peer contagion and staff policies, could improve outcomes. For youths without a major psychiatric disorder, therapeutic foster care may be better than community‐based group care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical and Enzymatic Polymerization of Polyaniline/Ag Nanocomposites
Authors: Nabid M. R. , Asadi S. , Sedghi R. , Bayandori Moghaddam A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI)/Ag nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative and enzymatic polymerization of aniline based on 2‐aminothiophenol (2‐ATP)‐capped Ag nanoparticles. The approach to the fabrication included three steps: (i) the preparation of silver nanoparticles; (ii) the formation of an ATP monolayer on the silver particle surface, which serves as a binder; and (iii) the polymerization of aniline monomers joined to ATP by using ammonium persulfate in the chemical method, and horseradish peroxidase in the presence of sulfonated polystyrene as a polyanionic template and H2O2 as an oxidized agent in the enzymatic method. Comparison of the results revealed that the enzymatic method is more suitable because not only the size of the nanocomposites was smaller but also their thermal stability was more improved with the enzymatic method than with chemical one.
Pyrrolic Tripodal Receptors for the Molecular Recognition of Carbohydrates: Ditopic Receptors for Dimannosides
Authors: Francesconi Oscar , Nativi Cristina , Gabrielli Gabriele , Gentili Matteo , Palchetti Marco , Bonora Beatrice , Roelens Stefano 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSynthetic ditopic receptors, designed for the molecular recognition of dimannosides, have been prepared by bridging two monotopic units effectively recognizing mannosides with linkers of the appropriate size and flexibility, endowed with hydrogen‐bonding groups. Affinities toward the α and β glycosides of the biologically relevant Manα(1–2)Man disaccharide were measured by NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in polar organic media (30–40 % DMF in chloroform). Significant selectivities and affinities in the micromolar range were observed in most cases, with two newly designed receptors being the most effective receptors of the set, together with a distinct preference of the dimannosides for the (S) enantiomer of the receptor in all cases. A 3D view of the recognition mode was elucidated by a combined NMR spectroscopic/molecular modeling approach, showing the dimannoside included in the cleft of the receptor. Compared to the monotopic precursors, the ditopic receptors showed markedly improved recognition properties, proving the efficacy of the modular receptor design for the recognition of disaccharides.
Nanoscopic Imaging of meso‐Tetraalkylporphyrins Prepared in High Yields Enabled by Montmorrilonite K10 and 3 Å Molecular Sieves
Authors: Plamont Rémi , Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Takahashi Mayuko , Kanesato Masatoshi , Giorgi Michel , Chan Kam Shun Anita , Roussel Christian , Balaban Teodor Silviu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe have developed a high‐yielding synthesis of meso‐tetraalkylporphyrins, which previously have been obtained only in lower yields. By employing Montmorrilonite K10 as the acid catalyst and 3 Å molecular sieves as the dehydrating agent, yields that reached 70 % could be achieved with some aliphatic aldehydes. The free‐base porphyrins with decyl (C10) or longer chains were imaged at the single‐molecule level at the solvent/surface interface. Highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) was used as a π‐stacking surface, whereas 1‐phenyloctane and 1‐phenylnonane were used as solvents. An odd–even effect was observed from C13 to C16. For C13 a single‐crystal X‐ray structure allowed an unprecedented insight into how packing from two dimensions is expanded into a three‐dimensional crystal lattice.
Graphene Oxide Protected Nucleic Acid Probes for Bioanalysis and Biomedicine
Authors: Cui Liang , Song Yanling , Ke Guoliang , Guan Zhichao , Zhang Huimin , Lin Ya , Huang Yishun , Zhu Zhi , Yang Chaoyong James 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRecently, the binding ability of DNA on GO and resulting nuclease resistance have attracted increasing attention, leading to new applications both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, nucleic acids absorbed on GO can be effectively protected from enzymatic degradation and biological interference in complicated samples, making it useful for targeted delivery, gene regulation, intracellular detection and imaging with high uptake efficiencies, high intracellular stability, and very low toxicity. In vitro, the adsorption of ssDNA on GO surface and desorption of dsDNA or well‐folded ssDNA from GO surface result in the protection and deprotection of DNA from nucleic digestion, respectively, which has led to target‐triggered cyclic enzymatic amplification methods (CEAM) for amplified detection of analytes with sensitivity 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than that of 1:1 binding strategies. This Concept article explores some of the latest developments in this field.
Differential Effects of Ornithine Enantiomers on the Activity of Anti‐oxidant Enzymes, Polyamines Content, and Growth of Tobacco Cells under Osmotic Stresses
Authors: Gholami Morteza , Ghanati Faezeh , Fakhari Ali Reza , Yousefzadeh Borojeni Laleh , Safari Masoumeh 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTOrnithine (Orn) plays an essential role in the metabolism of plant cells through incorporation in polyamines biosynthesis, the urea cycle and nitrogen metabolism. Herein, we show that Orn enantiomers have different effects on anti‐oxidant enzymes activities, polyamines and proline biosynthesis and also an alleviation effect of osmotic stresses on tobacco cells. The type of stress has a significant impact on the function of L‐ and D‐Orn for improvement of the stress effect on the cells. Under saline conditions, both enantiomers restored cell growth, though D‐Orn was more beneficial to some extent. This was accompanied with a higher biosynthesis of putrescine, proline, and up‐regulated activity of certain anti‐oxidant enzymes by D‐Orn. Under drought stress conditions, a distinct differential behavior emerged and only L‐Orn showed an alleviative effect on the cell growth. Regulation of hydrogen peroxide content via the activity of catalase/peroxidase and production of osmolytes, e.g., proline and fructans, was dependent on the type of enantiomers. Activity of anti‐oxidant enzymes and production of malondialdehyde from cell membranes were differently regulated following treatment with either Orn enantiomer. The results suggest that management of H2O2 content is a determining feature of the function of Orn enantiomers in tobacco cells under salinity and drought stress conditions. Chirality 25:583–588, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marginal treatment benefit in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Haymart Megan R. , Banerjee Mousumi , Yin Huiying , Worden Francis , Griggs Jennifer J. 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDBecause anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy with a high mortality rate, the benefit of multimodality treatment was evaluated.METHODSOverall survival was determined in the 2742 patients captured by the National Cancer Database who were diagnosed with anaplastic thyroid cancer between 1998 and 2008. Kaplan‐Meier analysis and then Cox proportional hazard regression was performed, controlling for patient characteristics and treatment.RESULTSOnly older age (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] for ≥ 85 years = 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.34‐5.03; for 75‐84 years, AHR = 2.85, 95% CI = 1.97‐4.11; for 65‐74 years, AHR = 2.20, 95% CI = 1.53‐3.15; for 45‐64 years, AHR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.47‐2.95) and omission of treatment were associated with greater mortality (omission of surgery: AHR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.61‐1.99; omission of radiation therapy: AHR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.41‐1.73; and omission of chemotherapy: AHR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.15‐1.43). In subgroup analysis of patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IVA, IVB, and IVC anaplastic thyroid cancer, combination therapy with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy was associated a difference in median survival of months.CONCLUSIONSMultimodality management of anaplastic thyroid cancer results in a marginal treatment benefit. The poor overall survival of all anaplastic thyroid cancer patients, regardless of treatment, emphasizes the need for informed patients whose preferences are incorporated into treatment decision‐making. Cancer 2013;119:3133–3139. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Higher surgeon and hospital volume improves long‐term survival after radical cystectomy
Authors: Kulkarni Girish S. , Urbach David R. , Austin Peter C. , Fleshner Neil E. , Laupacis Andreas 
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUNDHospital and surgeon (provider) volume are associated with clinically significant outcomes for many types of surgery. Volume‐outcome studies in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer have focused primarily on postoperative mortality. In the current study, the authors assessed the effect of cystectomy provider volume on long‐term mortality.METHODSUsing administrative databases, 2535 patients who underwent cystectomy by 199 surgeons in 90 hospitals in Ontario, Canada, between 1992 and 2004 were identified. The impact of provider volume on overall survival (OS) was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models fully adjusted for patient and tumor characteristics. Separate models were fit to examine the effect of surgeon and hospital volume. To confirm that the impact of volume on OS was independent of the effect of volume on short‐term mortality, analyses were repeated excluding those patients experiencing postoperative deaths.RESULTSOf 2535 patients, 1796 (70.9%) died during the study period. Both higher hospital volume (hazards ratio [per unit increase in average annual number of procedures], 0.995; 95% confidence interval, 0.990‐1.000 [P = .044]) and higher surgeon volume (hazards ratio, 0.984; 95% confidence interval, 0.975‐0.994 [P = .002]) were found to be significantly associated with improved OS. Excluding post‐operative deaths did not alter the results. Further analyses revealed that the benefit of high volume was attained by receiving care from either high‐volume hospitals or high‐volume surgeons.CONCLUSIONSHigh‐volume providers were associated with improved long‐term mortality rates compared with low‐volume providers. This finding was independent of the effect of volume on perioperative mortality, suggesting that provider volume effects continue to manifest long after surgery. Cancer 2013;119:3546–3554.. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Dynamic conformational transitions of the EGF receptor in living mammalian cells determined by FRET and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Ziomkiewicz Iwona , Loman Anastasia , Klement Reinhard , Fritsch Cornelia , Klymchenko Andrey S. , Bunt Gertrude , Jovin Thomas M. , Arndt‐Jovin Donna J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe have revealed a reorientation of ectodomain I of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbB1; Her1) in living CHO cells expressing the receptor, upon binding of the native ligand EGF. The state of the unliganded, nonactivated EGFR was compared to that exhibited after ligand addition in the presence of a kinase inhibitor that prevents endocytosis but does not interfere with binding or the ensuing conformational rearrangements. To perform these experiments, we constructed a transgene EGFR with an acyl carrier protein sequence between the signal peptide and the EGFR mature protein sequence. This protein, which behaves similarly to wild‐type EGFR with respect to EGF binding, activation, and internalization, can be labeled at a specific serine in the acyl carrier tag with a fluorophore incorporated into a 4′‐phosphopantetheine (P‐pant) conjugate transferred enzymatically from the corresponding CoA derivative. By measuring Förster resonance energy transfer between a molecule of Atto390 covalently attached to EGFR in this manner and a novel lipid probe NR12S distributed exclusively in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, we determined the apparent relative separation of ectodomain I from the membrane under nonactivating and activating conditions. The data indicate that the unliganded domain I of the EGFR receptor is situated much closer to the membrane before EGF addition, supporting the model of a self‐inhibited configuration of the inactive receptor in quiescent cells. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Study of low speed flow cytometry for diffraction imaging with different chamber and nozzle designs
Authors: Sa Yu , Feng Yuanming , Jacobs Kenneth M. , Yang Jun , Pan Ran , Gkigkitzis Ioannis , Lu Jun Q. , Hu Xin‐Hua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAchieving effective hydrodynamic focusing and flow stability at low speed presents a challenging design task in flow cytometry for studying phenomena such as cell adhesion and diffraction imaging of cells with low‐cost cameras. We have developed different designs of flow chamber and sheath nozzle to accomplish the above goal. A 3D computational model of the chambers has been established to simulate the fluid dynamics in different chamber designs and measurements have been performed to determine the velocity and size distributions of the core fluid from the nozzle. Comparison of the simulation data with experimental results shows good agreement. With the computational model significant insights were gained for optimization of the chamber design and improvement of the cell positioning accuracy for study of slow moving cells. The benefit of low flow speed has been demonstrated also by reduced blurring in the diffraction images of single cells. Based on these results, we concluded that the new designs of chamber and sheath nozzle produce stable hydrodynamic focusing of the core fluid at low speed and allow detailed study of cellular morphology under various rheological conditions using the diffraction imaging method. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Combining genetic and demographic data for prioritizing conservation actions: insights from a threatened fish species
Authors: Paz‐Vinas Ivan , Comte Lise , Chevalier Mathieu , Dubut Vincent , Veyssiere Charlotte , Grenouillet Gaël , Loot Geraldine , Blanchet Simon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrioritizing and making efficient conservation plans for threatened populations requires information at both evolutionary and ecological timescales. Nevertheless, few studies integrate multidisciplinary approaches, mainly because of the difficulty for conservationists to assess simultaneously the evolutionary and ecological status of populations. Here, we sought to demonstrate how combining genetic and demographic analyses allows prioritizing and initiating conservation plans. To do so, we combined snapshot microsatellite data and a 30‐year‐long demographic survey on a threatened freshwater fish species (Parachondrostoma toxostoma) at the river basin scale. Our results revealed low levels of genetic diversity and weak effective population sizes (<63 individuals) in all populations. We further detected severe bottlenecks dating back to the last centuries (200–800 years ago), which may explain the differentiation of certain populations. The demographic survey revealed a general decrease in the spatial distribution and abundance of P. toxostoma over the last three decades. We conclude that demo‐genetic approaches are essential for (1) identifying populations for which both evolutionary and ecological extinction risks are high; and (2) proposing conservation plans targeted toward these at risk populations, and accounting for the evolutionary history of populations. We suggest that demo‐genetic approaches should be the norm in conservation practices.
Platinum(II) Complexes Bearing 2‐(9,9‐Dihexadecyl‐7‐R‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline Ligands: Synthesis, Photophysics and Reverse Saturable Absorption
Authors: Liu Xu‐Guang , Sun Wenfang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSix platinum(II) complexes bearing 2‐(9,9‐dihexadecyl‐7‐R‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline ligands (R = NO2, CN, I, H, benzothiazole, thiophene for ligands 1–6, respectively) were synthesized and their photophysics and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) were systematically investigated. All complexes exhibit intense absorption bands between 350 and 450 nm, which are attributed to 1π,π*/1ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) transitions, and broad 1MLCT (metal to ligand charge transfer) transitions between 475 and 550 nm. All complexes are emissive at room temperature in a variety of solvents and at 77 K in butyronitrile glassy matrix, with the long‐lived, structured emission appearing between 600 and 750 nm. The emitting states are assigned to predominantly the 3π,π* state with an admixture of 3MLCT characters. Upon ns laser excitation at 355 nm, all complexes display broad, moderately strong transient absorption from the visible to the near‐IR region. As a result, RSA is observed from all complexes at 532 nm for ns laser pulses. The strength of the RSA for these complexes follows the trend: Pt‐2 > Pt‐3 > Pt‐4 > Pt‐1 >> Pt‐5 > Pt‐6, which correlates well with the trend of the estimated ΦTσex/σ0 values (where ΦT is the triplet excited state quantum yield, and σex and σ0 are the excited‐state and ground‐state absorption cross‐section, respectively) at 532 nm. It is revealed that substitution at the 7‐position of the fluorenyl component exerts a distinct effect on the photophysics and RSA of the complexes. Aromatic substituents such as benzothiazol‐2‐yl and 2‐thionyl cause pronounced red‐shifts of the absorption bands, the emission bands, and the transient difference absorption bands, but a decrease of the RSA at 532 nm.
Camelina sativa affects the fatty acid contents in M. longissimus muscle of lambs
Authors: Cieslak Adam , Stanisz Marek , Wojtowski Jacek , Pers‐Kamczyc Emilia , Szczechowiak Joanna , El‐Sherbiny Mohamed , Szumacher‐Strabel Malgorzata 
Published: July 2013

Ruminant diets supplemented with different sources of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) may be effective for modulating the rumen biohydrogenation process as well as for de novo fatty acid synthesis in animal tissues. Such a supplementation may consequently improve the proportion of fatty acids in animal products. The obtained effect in animal products depends on the quantity and composition of dietary fat; particularly UFAs. This study illustrates the effect of diets in which two doses of Camelina sativa (100 and 200 g in concentrate dry matter, respectively) were given as the primary sources of UFAs. The study shows the effect on the fatty acid contents in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. Diets containing C. sativa led to higher contents of either C18:2 c9t11 or C18:2 t10c12 isomers in lamb muscle as well as an increase in vaccenic acid (VA), arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) contents. The results also indicated that the addition of C. sativa leads to a higher content of linoleic, oleic and alpha linolenic acids in lamb muscles.Practical applications: The results of this study showed favorable changes in the UFA contents in longissimus dorsi muscle of lambs. The changes were obtained by supplementing the diets of the lambs with C. sativa cake, the plant cultivated as a biodiesel source. Inclusion of C. sativa cake in the concentrate dry matter for lambs may allow animal products to obtain the nutritionally desired fatty acids. Consumption of enriched products may act as chemopreventive agents and counteract the development of some human diseases.
Evaluation of analytical methodologies used to derive vulnerability functions
Authors: Silva V. , Crowley H. , Varum H. , Pinho R. , Sousa R. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe recognition of fragility and vulnerability functions as a fundamental tool in seismic risk assessment has led to the development of more and more complex and elaborate procedures for their computation. Although these functions have been traditionally produced using observed damage and loss data, more recent studies propose the employment of analytical methodologies as a way to overcome the frequent lack of post‐earthquake data. The variation of the structural modelling approach on the estimation of building capacity has been the target of many studies in the past; however, its influence on the resulting vulnerability model for classes of buildings, the impact in loss estimations or propagation of the uncertainty to the seismic risk calculations has so far been the object of limited scrutiny. In this paper, an extensive study of static and dynamic procedures for estimating the nonlinear response of buildings has been carried out to evaluate the impact of the chosen methodology on the resulting capacity, fragility, vulnerability and risk outputs. Moreover, the computational effort and numerical stability provided by each approach have been evaluated and conclusions drawn regarding the optimal balance between accuracy and complexity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.