bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Paleointensity Recorded in the Core from Northwestern Philippine Sea over the Last 125 ka and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Shu‐Lan GE , Reidar LØVLIE , Xue‐Fa SHI , Xi‐Sheng FANG , Zhi‐Hua CHEN , Yong‐Hua WU 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRelative paleointensity (RPI) from sediments provides constraints for geomagnetic field modeling and also the age information of deposits. The relative paleointensity in a core from the northwestern Philippine Sea was reported and its possible influencing factors including rock magnetic and sedimentological property are examined. Except for the rotation of declination in the brown clay at lower part of the core, both directions of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility and of the geomagnetic field indicate original sedimentary nature. The magnetically uniform sediment conforms to the requirement for relative paleointensity study and the correlation of relative paleointensity proxies NRM/ARM and NRM/κ with PISO1500 and SINT800 produces depth‐age tie points. The sparse oxygen isotopes on paleointensity chronology in this core agree with the global stack LR04, confirming the correlation of paleointensity. NRM/κ is usually lower than NRM/ARM and the latter has no correlation with ARM and ARM/κ and also no astronomical period, but the former is correlated with ARM/κ and κ and a period of 13∼12 ka by spectral and coherence analysis. Therefore NRM/ARM is regarded to shun off imprint of climate. Further investigations of the intensity difference and its influence elements find that differences between NRM/ARM and NRM/κ vary with the super‐paramagnetic content and magnetic size variation, and the latter contributing 90% of the difference. Other elements like carbonate percentage and mineralogy change are not responsible for the difference. How to correct the effect of magnetic size on paleointenstiy estimation is the focus of further work.
A Coupled Method of Spectral Element and Normal Mode: A Powerful Tool for Modeling the Seismic Waves Propagation in the Anisotropic D″ Region
Authors: Ming ZHAO , Liang ZHAO , CAPDEVILLE YANN 
Published: June 2013

Abstract:We extended the coupled mode/spectral element method (CSEM hereafter) to incorporate three‐dimensional, anisotropic media in the lowest 300 km above the core‐mantle boundary, the D″ area. This extended method was applied to modeling of seismic waves propagation in earth models under the so‐called “sandwich” structure, which uses a spherical shell of spectral elements between two modal solutions to represent the D″ area. Using a spherically symmetric reference model with modified anisotropic parameters in the spherical shell, the CSEM yields waveforms in excellent agreement with that of normal‐mode. The two methods match very well for all body wave arrivals with periods greater than 8 s. Besides, the S, ScS, SKS, and SKKS phases in the synthetic seismograms of the transverse isotropic model show obvious arrival time differences between SH and SV components. This proves the capability of the extended CSEM code for modeling S wave splitting caused by the radial anisotropic media in the D″ area.
Presence of Angina Pectoris Is Related to Extensive Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Celik Atac , Karayakali Metin , Erkorkmaz Unal , Altunkas Fatih , Karaman Kayihan , Koc Fatih , Ceyhan Koksal , Kadi Hasan , Avsar Alaettin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundDue to sensorial autonomic neuropathy, the type and severity of angina pectoris in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) may be rather different from the type and severity of angina pectoris in patients without DM.HypothesisThe aim of the study was to understand if angina pectoris is related to extensive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with DM.MethodsThe study included 530 patients with DM who underwent coronary angiography at our center in 2009 and 2010. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to type of chest pain: group 1, noncardiac chest pain or no pain; group 2, angina equivalent; group 3, atypical angina; and group 4, typical angina. All angiograms were re‐evaluated and Gensini scores were calculated. Three‐vessel disease was diagnosed in the presence of stenosis >50% in all 3 coronary artery systems.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups with regard to age, sex, systolic or diastolic blood pressures, body mass index, creatinine clearance, or lipid profile. Fasting blood glucose was significantly higher in group 4 than in group 2. Gensini scores were not statistically different between groups 1 and 2 or between groups 3 and 4; however, the scores for groups 3 and 4 were higher than the score for either group 1 or group 2. Prevalence of 3‐vessel disease was significantly higher in groups 3 and 4 compared with the other groups.ConclusionsThe presence of angina pectoris was related to extensive CAD in patients with DM. The extent of CAD was not correlated with the type of angina (typical or atypical).
Threshold‐based context analysis approach for ubiquitous systems
Authors: Khabou Nesrine , Rodriguez Ismael Bouassida 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIn ubiquitous computing environments, applications must be able to respond to dynamic context changes in order to provide suitable services to users. A promising solution consists of developing context aware applications. In this paper, we present an approach that supports context awareness in a ubiquitous computing environment. The proposed approach focuses on handling context information including context monitoring/acquisition, context interpretation, context classification, context storage, context analysis, and context aware adaptation. In this paper, we focus on context classification and context analysis. We present a context classification approach, which takes into account the context parameter evolution behavior. Then, we define a context analysis approach for ubiquitous computing environments. The proposed analysis approach aims at analyzing contextual information and detecting significant changes. The proposed analysis approach uses a threshold comparison technique in order to detect context changes. When relevant context changes are detected, the context aware application will be notified to trigger its suitable process dynamically in order to deal with the changes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy Atom Effect Driven Organic Phosphors and Their Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Balamurugan Ayyakkalai , Gupta Arvind Kumar , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Lakshmipathi Reddy Mundlapudi , Jayakannan Manickam 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis investigation demonstrates the heavy atom effect (HAE) concept in developing new organic phosphors and engineering the excited‐state energy levels in lanthanide metal ion suprastructures. This was accomplished by coupling two independent energy‐transfer photophysical processes: enhancing the electronic population in the excited triplet state through intersystem crossing (ISC) and transferring the triplet energy to the excited state of the lanthanide ions. A new series of iodo‐substituted carboxylic ligands were synthesised through a tailor‐made approach and complexes with Eu3+ ions to give one‐ and three‐dimensional metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Single‐crystal structures of the europium complexes revealed the formation of a 1D linear coordination polymer for the monocarboxylate ligand and 3D MOFs for the dicarboxylate ligand. The HAE quenches the S1→S0 transition (self‐fluorescence) in these ligands and promotes S1→T processes for building enhanced excited triplet electronic states. Single‐crystal structures of iodo‐substituted complexes proved that the ligand molecules were held together by strong π stacking. The π stack restricted vibration relaxation and, as a result, these ligands turned into white or yellowish solid‐state organic phosphors. In Eu3+ ion complexes, the solid‐state phosphorescence of the ligands was completely quenched and the triplet excitation energy was channelled into ligand‐to‐metal energy transfer. Thus, the current approach opens up a new strategy for designing luminescent MOFs based on the HAE principle by controlling the excited‐state energy levels.
Identification of a widespread Kamchatkan tephra: A middle Pleistocene tie‐point between Arctic and Pacific paleoclimatic records
Authors: Ponomareva Vera , Portnyagin Maxim , Derkachev Alexander , Juschus Olaf , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter , Nürnberg Dirk 
Published: June 2013

AbstractVery few age controls exist for Quaternary deposits over the vast territory of the East Russian Arctic, which hampers dating of major environmental changes in this area and prevents their correlation to climatic changes in the Arctic and Pacific marine domains. We report a newly identified ~177 ka old Rauchua tephra, which has been dispersed over an area of >1,500,000 km2 and directly links terrestrial paleoenvironmental archives from Arctic Siberia with marine cores in the northwest Pacific, thus permitting their synchronization and dating. The Rauchua tephra can help to identify deposits formed in terrestrial and marine environments during the oxygen isotope stage 6.5 warming event. Chemical composition of volcanic glass from the Rauchua tephra points to its island‐arc origin, while its spatial distribution singles out the Kamchatka volcanic arc as a source. The Rauchua tephra represents a previously unknown, large (magnitude >6.5) explosive eruption from the Kamchatka volcanic arc.
Statistically downscaled projections of snow/rain partitioning for Alaska
Authors: McAfee Stephanie A. , Walsh John , Rupp T. Scott 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAdaptation planning in Alaska, as in other snowy parts of the world, will require snow projections, yet snow is a challenging variable to measure, simulate and downscale. Here we describe the construction and evaluation of 771‐m‐resolution gridded historical and statistically downscaled projections of snow/rain partitioning for the state of Alaska at decadal temporal resolution. The method developed here uses observational data to describe the relationship between average monthly temperature and the fraction of wet days in that month receiving snow, the snow‐day fraction. Regionally and seasonally specific equations were developed to accommodate variability in synoptic scale climatology of rain and snow events. These equations were then applied to gridded decadal temperature data and projections. The gridded products provide a reasonable characterization of snow‐day fraction throughout the state. However, there are local deviations from the regional relationships, particularly in the topographically complex areas ringing the Gulf of Alaska and Cook Inlet. When applied to questions about changing precipitation regimes in northern, western and south‐eastern Alaska, these data demonstrate the potential for marked changes from snow‐dominated to mixed precipitation regimes and also exhibit a wide range of potential future conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current Challenges in Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Authors: Hogrefe Richard I. , Midthune Brea , Lebedev Alexandre 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOur understanding of the role of nucleic acids in regulating the process of life is growing rapidly. As researchers delve deeper into the cellular activity of molecules such as microRNA, small interfering RNA, and long non‐coding RNA, the oligonucleotide chemist is confronted with the challenge of synthesizing the tools needed to continue this work. Furthermore, new applications are being developed that require increasingly complicated oligonucleotide constructs. In this review, we explore the current challenges confronting oligonucleotide synthesis, describe the chemistry and the enzymology being developed in response to those challenges, and discuss future challenges as‐yet unmet.
Dose‐dependent alterations in gene expression and testosterone production in fetal rat testis after exposure to di‐n‐hexyl phthalate
Authors: Saillenfait Anne‐Marie , Sabaté Jean‐Philippe , Robert Alain , Rouiller‐Fabre Virginie , Roudot Alain‐Claude , Moison Delphine , Denis Flavien 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn utero exposure to the phthalate ester plasticizer di‐n‐hexyl phthalate (DnHP) is known to affect the development of the male reproductive system and induce alterations in androgen‐dependent tissues of male rat offspring. Male reproductive malformations produced by several phthalates have been causally linked to decreased testosterone production during the gestational period. This study was designed to evaluate the dose–response relationship for the effects of DnHP on the synthesis and production of testosterone in the fetal rat testis. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were administered the vehicle (olive oil) and either DnHP (5 to 625 mg kg–1 per day) or diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (50 or 625 mg kg–1 per day), by gavage, from gestation day (GD) 12 to19. Fetal testes were assessed on GD 19. DnHP reduced ex vivo testosterone production and down‐regulated the expression of several genes required for cholesterol transport and steroid synthesis (i.e. SR‐B1, StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD and P450c17). These inhibitions were dose dependent. A no‐effect level was established at 5 mg kg–1 per day and a lowest‐effect level at 20 mg kg–1 per day. mRNA levels of SR‐B1, StAR, P450scc and 3βHSD were not similarly decreased in the adrenals. In conclusion, DnHP shares the same mode of action as DEHP in disrupting fetal testicular androgen synthesis. Alterations in testosterone production and in key steroidogenic gene expressions were apparent at lower doses than those causing postnatal reproductive malformations after gestational exposure during the critical period of male sexual differentiation. This suggests that they can be considered early biomarkers of DnHP‐induced fetal testicular effects in rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of the allergenic potential of proteins: an assessment of the kiwifruit allergen actinidin
Authors: Dearman Rebecca J. , Beresford Lorna , Foster Emily S. , McClain Scott , Kimber Ian 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAssessment of the potential allergenicity (IgE‐inducing properties) of novel proteins is an important challenge in the overall safety assessment of foods. Resistance to digestion with pepsin is commonly measured to characterize allergenicity, although the association is not absolute. We have previously shown that specific IgE antibody production induced by systemic [intraperitoneal (i.p.)] exposure of BALB/c strain mice to a range of proteins correlates with allergenic potential for known allergens. The purpose of the present study was to explore further the utility of these approaches using the food allergen, actinidin. Recently, kiwifruit has become an important allergenic foodstuff, coincident with its increased consumption, particularly as a weaning food. The ability of the kiwifruit allergen actinidin to stimulate antibody responses has been compared with the reference allergen ovalbumin, and with the non‐allergen bovine haemoglobin. Haemoglobin was rapidly digested by pepsin whereas actinidin was resistant unless subjected to prior chemical reduction (reflecting intracellular digestion conditions). Haemoglobin stimulated detectable IgG antibody production at relatively high doses (10%), but failed to provoke detectable IgE. In contrast, actinidin was both immunogenic and allergenic at relatively low doses (0.25% to 1%). Vigorous IgG and IgG1 antibody and high titre IgE antibody responses were recorded, similar to those provoked by ovalbumin. Thus, actinidin displays a marked ability to provoke IgE, consistent with allergenic potential. These data provide further encouragement that in tandem with analysis of pepsin stability, the induction of IgE after systemic exposure of BALB/c strain mice provides a useful approach for the prospective identification of protein allergens. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Juvenoids on Predator‐Induced Polyphenism in the Water Flea, Daphnia pulex
Authors: Miyakawa Hitoshi , Gotoh Hiroki , Sugimoto Naoki , Miura Toru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn Daphnia pulex, juveniles form “neckteeth” a defensive structure on their heads, in response to predatory kairomones released by Chaoborus larvae. This phenomenon provides a model experimental system for the study of developmental mechanisms and evolutionary processes in predator‐induced polyphenisms. Although it is thought that kairomone signals are sensed and converted into physiological signals resulting in morphological changes, little is known about the endocrine and physiological mechanisms of this process. Juvenile hormones and related chemicals, that is, juvenoids, are key hormones responsible for various physiological events in insects, including polyphenisms. In some crustaceans, methyl farnesoate (MF) is known to act as a juvenoid. In order to investigate the functions of juvenoids in defense morph formation, we treated daphnids with MF as well as JHIII (Juvenile Hormone III, an insect juvenoid) and fenoxycarb (a synthetic juvenile hormone analog) during their developmental stages. Strikingly, in the first‐instar juveniles, all examined juvenoids stimulated the formation of neckteeth only in the presence of kairomones, not by themselves. This juvenoid effect on the neckteeth formation might be due to disturbance of the JH pathway. Juvenoid treatments reduced tail‐spine length, whereas predatory kairomones are known to elongate tail spine. These results suggest that other physiological factors are responsible for the tail‐spine elongation. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 440–450, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early India‐Australia spreading history revealed by newly detected Mesozoic magnetic anomalies in the Perth Abyssal Plain
Authors: Williams Simon E. , Whittaker Joanne M. , Granot Roi , Müller Dietmar R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe seafloor within the Perth Abyssal Plain (PAP), offshore Western Australia, is the only section of crust that directly records the early spreading history between India and Australia during the Mesozoic breakup of Gondwana. However, this early spreading has been poorly constrained due to an absence of data, including marine magnetic anomalies and data constraining the crustal nature of key tectonic features. Here, we present new magnetic anomaly data from the PAP that shows that the crust in the western part of the basin was part of the Indian Plate—the conjugate flank to the oceanic crust immediately offshore the Perth margin, Australia. We identify a sequence of M2 and older anomalies in the west PAP within crust that initially moved with the Indian Plate, formed at intermediate half‐spreading rates (35 mm/yr) consistent with the conjugate sequence on the Australian Plate. More speculatively, we reinterpret the youngest anomalies in the east PAP, finding that the M0‐age crust initially formed on the Indian Plate was transferred to the Australian Plate by a westward jump or propagation of the spreading ridge shortly after M0 time. Samples dredged from the Gulden Draak and Batavia Knolls (at the western edge of the PAP) reveal that these bathymetric features are continental fragments rather than igneous plateaus related to Broken Ridge. These microcontinents rifted away from Australia with Greater India during initial breakup at ~130 Ma, then rifted from India following the cessation of spreading in the PAP (~101–103 Ma).
The 3‐connected graphs with a maximum matching containing precisely one contractible edge
Authors: Aldred R. E. L. , Hemminger Robert L. , Yu Xingxing 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIt has previously been shown that if M is a maximum matching in a 3‐connected graph G, other than K4, then M contains at least one contractible edge of G. In this paper, we give a constructive characterization of the 3‐connected graphs G having a maximum matching containing only one contractible edge of G.
Intersection graphs of proper subtrees of unicyclic graphs
Authors: Gavril Fǎnicǎ 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA graph is fraternally oriented iff for every three vertices u, ν, w the existence of the edges u → w and ν → w implies that u and ν are adjacent. A directed unicyclic graph is obtained from a unicyclic graph by orienting the unique cycle clockwise and by orienting the appended subtrees from the cycle outwardly. Two directed subtrees s, t of a directed unicyclic graph are proper if their union contains no (directed or undirected) cycle and either they are disjoint or one of them s has its root r(s) in t and contains all the successors of r(s) in t.In the present paper we prove that G is an intersection graph of a family of proper directed subtrees of a directed unicyclic graph iff it has a fraternal orientation such that for every vertex ν, G(Γinν) is acyclic and G(Γoutν) is the transitive closure of a tree. We describe efficient algorithms for recognizing when such graphs are perfect and for testing isomorphism of proper circular‐arc graphs.
The inducibility of complete bipartite graphs
Authors: Brown Jason I. , Sidorenko Alexander 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFor any s ≥ 1 and t ≥ (S2), we prove that among all graphs with n vertices the graph that contains the maximal number of induced copies of Kt, t+s for any fixed s ≥ 1 and t ≥ (s2) is K(n/2)+α(n/2)‐α for some function α = o(n). We show that this is not valid for t < (s2). Analogous results for complete multipartite graphs are also obtained.
Long‐term results of surgical treatment of vocal fold nodules
Authors: Béquignon Emilie , Bach Christine , Fugain Claude , Guilleré Lia , Blumen Marc , Chabolle Frédéric , Wagner Isabelle 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the long‐term outcome of patients with vocal fold nodules treated by surgery alone, or by a combination of surgery and voice therapy and to identify factors associated with long‐term recurrent dysphonia.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsAll patients who had undergone surgery for vocal fold nodules in a tertiary care hospital between 1996 and 2006 were contacted. After giving their consent, they were evaluated by videostroboscopic examination of vocal fold nodules and by a subjective questionnaire including the Voice Handicap Index (VHI).ResultsSixty‐two out of 90 patients (69%) (60 women, 2 men with a mean age of 33 years) answered the questionnaire at a mean interval of 9.5 years after surgery. Recurrent dysphonia was observed in 19 patients (30%) at a mean interval of 5.2 years after surgery and new benign vocal fold lesions (nodules or Reinke's edema) were observed in 11 patients (18%). Absence of postoperative voice therapy was significantly associated with a higher recurrence rate (P = 0.02) (56% of recurrent dysphonia without voice therapy versus 22% with voice therapy).ConclusionsPostoperative voice therapy decreases the risk of recurrence. Vocal fold nodules can recur over a period of 5 years, consequently requiring follow‐up for at least 5 years in clinical practice and in future prospective studies.Level of Evidence2b (Individual retrospective cohort study). Laryngoscope, 123:1926–1930, 2013