bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An increased risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia in US patients with Merkel cell carcinoma versus Australian patients: A clinical clue to a different mechanism of pathogenesis?
Authors: Bloom Romi , Amber Kyle T , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe US and Queensland populations both demonstrate an increased risk of secondary malignancies following the diagnosis of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). A recent Queensland study failed to demonstrate a significantly increased risk of developing non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) in these patients. In contrast, using the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we demonstrate there is an increased risk in CLL and NHL following the diagnosis of MCC in the USA. We hypothesise that this difference may be a result of a differing pathogenesis.
Teachers' concerns about adopting constructivist online game‐based learning in formal curriculum teaching: The VISOLE experience
Authors: Jong Morris S. Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOur work is set against the backdrop of the pervasive discussion of harnessing online games to provide students with new constructivist learning opportunities. Upon the theoretical foundation, we have developed Virtual Interactive Student‐Oriented Learning Environment (VISOLE), a teaching framework for implementing constructivist online game‐based learning in formal curriculum teaching in school education. In this paper, apart from underlining the pedagogical features of VISOLE, we discuss our study on investigating 118 teachers' concerns about this educational innovation with the Stages of Concern (SoC) model, in terms of five categorical concerns—Evaluation, Information, Management, Consequence and Refocusing. All participants had completed our VISOLE induction training before they participated in the SoC survey. Results revealed that their Management concern was the most intense. With this “diagnostic” knowledge, we can formulate more precise interventions addressing teachers' actual needs so as to assist them in the adoption of VISOLE at school. The findings also shed light on designing, developing or appropriating online games to support learning and teaching in school education.
Using eye‐tracking technology as an indirect instruction tool to improve text and picture processing and learning
Authors: Mason Lucia , Pluchino Patrik , Tornatora Maria Caterina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study used an eye‐movement modelling example (EMME) in the school context to corroborate and extend recent findings about the educational potential of eye‐tracking technology for supporting strategic processing and learning from an illustrated text. Sixty‐four seventh graders were randomly assigned to the modelling and non‐modelling conditions to investigate whether (1) those with the opportunity to observe a model's eye movements while reading an illustrated text show greater integrative processing in their own reading and (2) they learn more deeply from text. Findings reveal that the students who observed the model's visual behaviour showed greater integrative processing of text and picture. They made more transitions from one representation to the other and strategically spent longer re‐inspecting the picture while rereading the text and vice versa. These students also outperformed those in the non‐modelling condition for deeper learning as revealed in the transfer of knowledge task. Moreover, students with lower reading comprehension skills benefitted more from observing the model's gaze replay when considering both the acquisition and transfer of knowledge.
Microglial M1/M2 polarization and metabolic states
Authors: Orihuela Ruben , McPherson Christopher A , Harry Gaylia Jean 
Published: March 2015

Microglia are critical nervous system‐specific immune cells serving as tissue‐resident macrophages influencing brain development, maintenance of the neural environment, response to injury and repair. As influenced by their environment, microglia assume a diversity of phenotypes and retain the capability to shift functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. In comparison with peripheral macrophages, microglia demonstrate similar and unique features with regards to phenotype polarization, allowing for innate immunological functions. Microglia can be stimulated by LPS or IFN‐γ to an M1 phenotype for expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines or by IL‐4/IL‐13 to an M2 phenotype for resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. Increasing evidence suggests a role of metabolic reprogramming in the regulation of the innate inflammatory response. Studies using peripheral immune cells demonstrate that polarization to an M1 phenotype is often accompanied by a shift in cells from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for energy production. More recently, the link between polarization and mitochondrial energy metabolism has been considered in microglia. Under these conditions, energy demands would be associated with functional activities and cell survival and thus, may serve to influence the contribution of microglia activation to various neurodegenerative conditions. This review examines the polarization states of microglia and their relationship to mitochondrial metabolism. Additional supporting experimental data are provided to demonstrate mitochondrial metabolic shifts in primary microglia and the BV‐2 microglia cell line induced under LPS (M1) and IL‐4/IL‐13 (M2) polarization.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inflammation: maladies, models, mechanisms and molecules. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2016.173.issue-4
Novel system for distant assessment of cataract surgical quality in rural China
Authors: Wang Lanhua , Xu Danping , Liu Bin , Jin Ling , Wang Decai , He Mingguang , Congdon Nathan G , Huang Wenyong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to assess the quality of various steps of manual small incision cataract surgery and predictors of quality, using video recordings.DesignThis paper applies a retrospective study.ParticipantsFifty‐two trainees participated in a hands‐on small incision cataract surgery training programme at rural Chinese hospitals.MethodsTrainees provided one video each recorded by a tripod‐mounted digital recorder after completing a one‐week theoretical course and hands‐on training monitored by expert trainers. Videos were graded by two different experts, using a 4‐point scale developed by the International Council of Ophthalmology for each of 12 surgical steps and six global factors. Grades ranged from 2 (worst) to 5 (best), with a score of 0 if the step was performed by trainers.Main Outcome MeasuresMean score for the performance of each cataract surgical step rated by trainers.ResultsVideos and data were available for 49/52 trainees (94.2%, median age 38 years, 16.3% women and 77.5% completing > 50 training cases). The majority (53.1%, 26/49) had performed ≤ 50 cataract surgeries prior to training. Kappa was 0.57∼0.98 for the steps (mean 0.85). Poorest‐rated steps were draping the surgical field (mean ± standard deviation = 3.27 ± 0.78), hydro‐dissection (3.88 ± 1.22) and wound closure (3.92 ± 1.03), and top‐rated steps were insertion of viscoelastic (4.96 ± 0.20) and anterior chamber entry (4.69 ± 0.74). In linear regression models, higher total score was associated with younger age (P = 0.015) and having performed >50 independent manual small incision cases (P = 0.039).ConclusionsMore training should be given to preoperative draping, which is poorly performed and crucial in preventing infection. Surgical experience improves ratings.
Time to change? Exploring the impact of time‐limited service provision in a family support service
Authors: Roberts Louise 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents data from a qualitative case study of a family support service, support care. As a time‐limited service that aims to enable positive change within families and involves children and parents spending time apart, aspects of time feature prominently in understandings and experiences of the service. This paper uses the concept of time as a lens to explore some of the organizing principles and underlying assumptions of this service. Eighty‐two qualitative interviews and 22 participant observation sessions were undertaken with stakeholders engaged in support care. This paper examines the variety of ways in which time was understood and experienced over the course of the research. This includes a conceptualization of time as a resource, together with the hopes, expectations and concerns attached to the time provision. It is argued that the service‐specific questions regarding how much time to afford families, and the purpose of support have wider relevance within social work policy and practice. This includes debates about how best to respond to families with support needs, including those with enduring needs, how to manage tensions in respect of balancing need while seeking to avoid dependency and the sometimes competing nature of support and protection objectives.
The Implant Biologic Pontic Designed Interface: Description of the Technique and Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation
Authors: Pozzi Alessandro , Tallarico Marco , Moy Peter K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe study aims to evaluate clinically the thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa underneath a zirconia implant‐supported restoration with a modified ovate pontic.Materials and MethodsSixty‐five patients, 32 women and 33 men (mean age: 65.5 years; range 38–81), were included. A total of 383 implants (303 in the maxilla; 80 in the mandible), supporting 81 full or partial fixed dental prostheses (65 in the maxilla; 16 in the mandible), were either cement‐ or screw‐retained. Three years after loading, a total of 219 pontic sites (153 in the maxilla; 66 in the mandible) were measured, and the thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa between the prosthetic surface and the underlying bone crest were recorded.ResultsThe overall implant and prosthesis survival rates at 3 years were 98.7% and 100%, respectively. No implant complications were reported, scoring a cumulative implant success rate of 100%. In the maxilla, the overall mean thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa was 2.32 ± 0.57 mm. In the mandible, the overall mean thickness of the alveolar ridge mucosa was 2.20 ± 0.62 mm. There was no statistical difference between the overall mean values in the maxilla and mandible (p = .471).ConclusionThis radiologic retrospective study suggests the existence of a physiological barrier, named prosthetic biological width, underneath a novel pontic‐designed restoration.
Deproteinized Bovine Bone Mineral or Autologous Bone at Dehiscence Type Defects at Implants Installed Immediately into Extraction Sockets: An Experimental Study in Dogs
Authors: Pereira Flavia Priscila , De Santis Enzo , Hochuli‐Vieira Eduardo , de Souza Faco Eduardo F. , Pantani Fabio , Salata Luiz A. , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate bone regeneration at surgically created dehiscence buccal defects at implants placed immediately into extraction sockets (IPIES) of small dimensions filled with autogenous bone or deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) associated with a collagen membrane.Materials and MethodsEight Labrador dogs were used and implants were placed immediately into the extraction sockets of the second premolar. The buccal wall was subsequently removed to create a standardized defect, 4 mm wide coronally, 2 mm wide apically, and 6 mm high. Autogenous bone particles (AB) or DBBM granules were used to fill the defects. All surgical sites were subsequently covered by a resorbable collagen membrane and a non‐submerged healing was allowed. After 4 months, the animals were euthanized and bone blocks harvested and processed for histomorphometric analysis.ResultsThe bony crest at the buccal aspect (C) was located 2.3 ± 0.8 mm and 1.7 ± 0.7 mm apically to the implant shoulder (IS) at the AB and DBBM sites, respectively. The coronal levels of osseointegration at the buccal aspect (B) were located 2.7 ± 0.7 mm and 2.2 ± 1.0 mm apically to IS at the AB and DBBM sites, respectively. At the AB sites, the peri‐implant mucosa was located 4.3 ± 0.9 mm, 4.7 ± 0.9 mm, and 2.0 ± 1.6 mm coronally to C, B, and IS, respectively. The corresponding values at the DBBM sites were 4.3 ± 0.6 mm, 4.8 ± 0.6 mm, and 2.5 ± 0.8 mm, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionsThe treatment of surgically created buccal defects at IPIES sites using Bio‐Oss® (Geistlich Biomaterials, Wolhusen, LU, Switzerland) or autogenous bone, concomitantly with a collagen membrane, engenders bone regeneration to a similar extent after 4 months of healing.
Primin sensitization in north‐eastern Italy: a temporal trend from 1996 to 2012
Authors: Bongiorni Lorenzo , Prodi Andrea , Rui Francesca , Belloni Fortina Anna , Corradin Maria T. , Larese Filon Francesca 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundPrimin is the main contact allergen found in the ornamental plant Primula obconica Hance.ObjectiveTo analyse the temporal trend of sensitivity to primin in north‐eastern Italy and to evaluate the associations with occupations in our geographical area.MethodologyFrom 1996 to 2012, 24 052 consecutive patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis were patch tested in north‐eastern Italy. Individual characteristics were collected through a standardized questionnaire in eight departments of dermatology or occupational medicine.ResultsThe overall prevalence of primin sensitization was 1.9%; the prevalence was significantly higher in women (2.6%) than in men (0.5%). The Pordenone area had the higher prevalence of sensitization, which reached 6% in 1999–2001. We found a significant association between primin sensitization and household workers [odds ratio (OR) 2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–3.35], retired people (OR 1.8; 95%CI: 1.22–2.81), woodworkers (OR 2.1; 95%CI: 1.10–6.18), and chemical industry workers (OR 2.9; 95%CI: 1.05–8.29).ConclusionOur study showed that contact allergy to primin is still relevant in north‐eastern Italy. The frequency of sensitization is decreasing, but for retired and household workers it is still >4%. Our results suggest the need to promote the use of primin‐free P. obconica in Italy.
Democracy for Export: Museums Connect Program as a Vehicle of American Cultural Diplomacy
Authors: Grincheva Natalia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSponsored by the U.S. Department of State and facilitated by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) through the Museums Connect program, Identities: Understanding Islam in a Cross‐cultural Context is an exercise of community development and public inclusion from the perspective of cultural diplomacy. The 2009–10 project was a cooperative endeavor between the Museum of History and Holocaust Education (MHHE) at Kennesaw State University, Georgia, USA and the Ben M'sik Community Museum, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco. Drawing on interviews conducted with the AAM managers and project participants, as well as relevant literature, the discussion considers the more important mechanisms of American museum missions and practices as means of achieving American foreign‐policy objectives.
Interactive effects of source and recipient habitats on plant invasions: distribution of exotic species in Chile
Authors: Casado Miguel A. , Acosta‐Gallo Belén , Sánchez‐Jardón Laura , Martín‐Forés Irene , Castro Isabel , Ovalle Carlos , del Pozo Alejandro , de Miguel José M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimMost studies on invasibility consider the characteristics of the habitats colonized. However, the success of the establishment of exotic species can be conditioned by the characteristics of the donor communities. In this study, we analyse the extent to which the distribution of exotic herbaceous species in Chile is conditioned either by the climatic characteristics of the recipient area or by the environmental features of the source areas on the Iberian Peninsula.LocationChile and the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal and Spain).MethodsFor Chile, we characterized the exotic species according to their current Chilean distribution and their region of origin. For the Iberian Peninsula, we compiled the floristic composition of 11,702 relevés. We classified each relevé according to key habitat characteristics (bioclimate, soil nutrient status and type of community associated with human activities) and calculated the percentage of species in common with Chile in different climatic regions therein.ResultsOver half of Chile's exotic species exhibited a geographic distribution related to the climate of the recipient area. The main donor communities were those associated with ruderal and arable land habitats, although their importance depended upon the climate in the recipient area. Correspondence was observed between the climatic characteristics of the communities in the source area and those of the recipient areas.Main conclusionsThe results highlight the influence of the characteristics of habitats in the source area on the successful establishment of exotic species in Chile. The relationships between source and recipient area are scale dependent, climate constituting the main driver at broad scale. Within each climatic region, the communities associated with habitats presenting greater anthropic influence act as the main donors. Both features indicate the existence of filters that select species pre‐adapted to the climatic and habitat conditions in the recipient area.
Early predictors of outcome in infants treated with hypothermia for hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy
Authors: Merchant Nazakat , Azzopardi Denis 
Published: March 2015

Hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a leading cause of acquired neonatal brain injury. Assessment of the severity of cerebral injury and likely neurological outcome in infants with HIE is important for determining management and prognosis, for counselling parents, and for selection for neuroprotective trials. The condition of the infant at birth, the severity of HIE, neurophysiological tests, including amplitude‐integrated electroencephalography (aEEG), biochemical markers, and neuroimaging have been used to assess prognosis and predict long‐term outcome. The predictive accuracy of these indicators in the early postnatal period is modest. Neurophysiological assessment seems to be most helpful during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth whilst magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems most informative later. Several biochemical markers, including serum S100β and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE), are also associated with HIE but their levels depend on the timing of sampling and their prognostic value is uncertain. Comprehensive neurophysiological assessment and neuroimaging may be limited to specialist centres. Therapeutic hypothermia is now standard care in infants with moderate to severe HIE so it is important to examine the influence of hypothermia on the assessment of prognosis in these infants.
Fever during pregnancy and motor development in children: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort
Authors: Holst Charlotte , Jørgensen Sanne Ellegaard , Wohlfahrt Jan , Nybo Andersen Anne‐Marie , Melbye Mads 
Published: March 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to examine how fever during pregnancy is associated with motor development in the child.MethodThis cohort study was based on data from females and their children, from the Danish National Birth Cohort, who took part in an 18‐month and/or 7‐year follow‐up study. Information regarding fever (number of episodes, temperature, duration, and pregnancy week) was obtained around gestation week 12 and at the end of pregnancy. Assessments of motor development in early childhood were based on the ages at which the motor milestones ‘sitting unsupported’ (n=44 256) and ‘walking unassisted’ (n=53 959) were attained. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ’07) was used to identify children with indication of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) at age 7 years (n=29 401). Any associations between the exposure to fever during pregnancy and motor development were estimated using Cox regression and logistic regression analyses.ResultsFever during pregnancy was reported by 15 234 (28.0%) participants in the 18‐month follow‐up and by 7965 (26.9%) participants in the 7‐year follow‐up. Adjusted analyses showed no association between prenatal exposure to fever and either ‘sitting unsupported’ or ‘walking unassisted’. The proportion of children with indication of DCD was 3.1%. The odds ratio of indication of DCD if children were exposed to fever in utero was 1.29 (95% CI 1.12–1.49). However, no dose‐response association was found.InterpretationWe found a significant association between maternal fever during pregnancy and DCD in children at age 7 years. The lack of a dose–response association might suggest that this association is explained by the underlying causes of the fever.
Invasive submerged freshwater macrophytes are more plastic in their response to light intensity than to the availability of free CO2 in air‐equilibrated water
Authors: Eller Franziska , Alnoee Anette B. , Boderskov Teis , Guo Wen‐Yong , Kamp Anne T. , Sorrell Brian Keith , Brix Hans 
Published: March 2015

Summary

The future increase in the atmospheric CO2 concentration is likely to affect the growth and performance of submerged freshwater macrophytes because of higher concentrations of free CO2 in the water at air equilibrium. We measured the plastic responses to free CO2 and light for several traits of four invasive aquatic plants (Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa, Hydrilla verticillata and Ceratophyllum demersum) that use bicarbonate.

The plants were grown in standard culture media at either high (HiC, c. 50 μmol L−1) or low concentrations of free CO2 (LowC, c. 19 μmol L−1) combined with high (HiL, c. 150 μmol m−2 s−1) or low (LowL, c. 21 μmol m−2 s−1) light intensity in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. We compared the relative growth rate (RGR), several morphological traits, the photosynthetic response to light intensity and the bicarbonate uptake capacity of the four species. For every trait measured, we established plasticity indices for light and CO2 availability.

Light intensity had a greater effect than CO2 concentration on all species. The RGR of all four species was higher at high light intensity, and photosynthetic light responses acclimated to low light with a lower light compensation point, and with higher concentrations of photosynthetic pigments and quantum yield. The bicarbonate uptake capacity was generally highest at the high light intensity and high concentrations of free CO2. Plasticity indices for light intensity were consistently higher than for CO2 availability in all four species.

As the growth and photosynthesis of the four invasive bicarbonate users were only slightly affected by the CO2 availability in air‐equilibrated water, the future rise in atmospheric CO2 is unlikely to exacerbate their invasive behaviour and may even reduce their competitiveness against species unable to use bicarbonate, especially at limiting light.