bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative biometry and isotopy of three dominant pennatulacean corals in the Northwest Atlantic
Authors: Baillon Sandrine , English Matthew , Hamel Jean‐François , Mercier Annie 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSpatial and temporal shifts in biometric features were examined in three common deep‐water pennatulacean corals (sea pens) from the Northwest Atlantic: Anthoptilum grandiflorum, Halipteris finmarchica and Pennatula aculeata. These three species show different morphological characters and adaptations to their environment. Analyses of colony length, ratio of peduncle to colony length, weight/length ratio, polyp size and density as well as sclerite shape, location and abundance indicate that their phenotype is modulated by environmental factors (e.g. food availability, currents and sediment type) and antipredator strategies. Moreover, the three species had different carbon and nitrogen stable isotope signatures that could be explain primarily by their different polyp diameters and colony shapes, suggesting that they rely on slightly different food sources (varying proportions of phytodetritus and zooplankton). Finally, sclerites were found only in H. finmarchica and P. aculeata and are not known to occur in A. grandiflorum, except for minute oval bodies inside the peduncle. The Mg/Ca ratio of sclerites differed between the two species and, for P. aculeata, among types of sclerites, evoking different biomineralization pathways related to their functional roles (structural support or defence). Overall, this study provides new information on the ecology of poorly known species, which are ubiquitous and suspected to play an important ecological role in deep‐water ecosystems.
Morbidity after laparoscopic and open rectal cancer surgery: a comparative analysis of morbidity in octogenarians and younger patients
Authors: Landi F. , Vallribera F. , Rivera J. P. , Bertoli P. , Armengol M. , Espín E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimAlthough the oncological adequacy of laparoscopic rectal resection (LR) appears equivalent to open resection (OR), its benefit is controversial in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of LR on morbidity and mortality in octogenarians.MethodThis was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent rectal surgery for cancer between 2003 and 2013 in a teaching hospital. The primary aim of the study was to assess the influence of surgical approach on mortality and morbidity of rectal resection in patients ≥ 80 years old. Regression analysis was performed to control the effect of covariables on the clinical outcome.ResultsOf 408 patients 203 were in the LR group and 205 in the OR group including 303 (74.3%) less than 80 years and 105 (25.7%) over 80 years. The mortality was lower in the LR group compared with the OR group for patients under 80 years (0% vs 4.6%; P = 0.049) and no different in the over 80 group (11.5% vs 9.4%; P = 0.859). In younger patients, the OR group showed longer hospital stay (9 vs 7 days; P < 0.001) and more complications (44.1% vs 29.8%; P = 0.042). Medical complications were more frequent in LR group than OR group octogenarians (40.4% vs 20.8%; P = 0.009) as well as grade C anastomotic leakage (13.8 vs 10.7; P = 0.041).ConclusionLR for rectal cancer showed clinical advantages in patients under 80 years and was as safe as OR in patients over 80 years, although the advantages of laparoscopic surgery were lost in the elderly group due to a higher rate of medical complications. OR may be an option in elderly patients with important comorbidities.
Ownership, Activism and Engagement: Institutional Investors as Active Owners
Authors: McNulty Terry , Nordberg Donald 
Published: September 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeConceptualResearch Question/IssueWe research two questions: First, why do some institutional investors operate at a distance from organizations seemingly acting only to “exit” and “trade” shares, while others actively engage through various means of “voice”? Second, what processes and behaviour are associated with active ownership?Research Findings/InsightsWe develop the concept of active ownership by drawing on contrasting theories and images of ownership, identifying antecedents of active ownership and distinguishing between alternative processes of active ownership.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsAlternative pathways to active ownership contrast the distant, sometimes adversarial nature of shareholder activism with an engaged, collaborative relationship between investors and corporations. Few studies examine active ownership as a process of engagement and mutual exchange between parties taking a generally longer‐term perspective toward investment in the firm and its affairs. After modeling active ownership, we develop a research agenda of substantive issues ranging from market and institutional conditions, through investment organization and practice, to board and investor relations.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOpening up the multidimensionality of engagement and relations between investors and corporations is crucial to promoting good corporate governance. Policymakers and practitioners require such knowledge when anticipating and developing adjustments to institutions of corporate governance.
Risk factors for MRSA colonization in dermatologic patients in Germany
Authors: Daeschlein Georg , von Podewils Sebastian , Bloom Tina , Assadian Ojan , Napp Matthias , Haase Hermann , Jünger Michael 
Published: September 2015

SummaryBackground and objectivesDetection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage requires well‐defined risk factors (RFs). Except for “chronic wounds”, RFs are mostly specified in national recommendations. To avoid ineffective and expensive screening, we divided the entity “wounds” into different categories and calculated further RFs in dermatologic patients.Patients and MethodsAfter a surveillance period with general MRSA screening, we correlated MRSA results with wound categories and dermatologically relevant diagnoses. We analyzed the screening efficacy by adding potential new RFs.ResultsUlcers (pressure, arterial, combined pressure/arterial ulcers, ulcers otherwise unclassified), type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), and atopic dermatitis (AD) were significantly associated with MRSA carriage. Tumors (subgroup basal and squamous cell carcinoma) were also significantly associated with MRSA carriage but had a protective odds ratio. Differentiation of wound types did not provide added benefit. In all MRSA‐positive patients with chronic wounds, other RKI‐listed RFs or type 2 DM were found. Screening sensitivity was increased combining classic RFs (except wounds) with type 2 DM and AD.ConclusionsIn dermatologic patients, AD and type 2 DM were identified as new RFs. Distinct wound types were also found to be significant RFs, but differentiated screening offers no benefit. When screening patients according to national recommendations, excluding wounds but including type 2 DM and AD, there is no loss of sensitivity.
‘Participation’: a systematic review of language, definitions, and constructs used in intervention research with children with disabilities
Authors: Imms Christine , Adair Brooke , Keen Deb , Ullenhag Anna , Rosenbaum Peter , Granlund Mats 
Published: September 2015

AimImproving participation of children with disabilities is a priority; however, the participation construct lacks clarity. This systematic review investigated how researchers defined ‘participation’ and the language used in participation intervention research.MethodNine health and education databases were searched for intervention studies of children with disabilities that included a participation outcome. Quantitative data were extracted using a customized form, and participation text data were extracted verbatim. Themes were derived using a thematic coding approach. These participation themes were applied to the outcome measures used in the included studies to compare participation language with the methods used to quantify participation changes.ResultsOf the 2257 articles retrieved, 25 were included in this review. Five participation themes and nine subthemes were developed. Two themes, attendance and involvement, were directly related to the participation construct. Three additional themes described related concepts: preferences, activity competence, and sense of self.InterpretationAttendance and involvement seem to describe the essence of the participation concept. The related themes may provide important avenues to enhance participation outcomes. This review highlighted the need for researchers to define the construct under investigation clearly and select measures carefully, as measurement choice is the mechanism through which the concept is operationalized in research.
Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years
Authors: Collins Christy L. , McKenzie Lara B. , Ferketich Amy K. , Andridge Rebecca , Xiang Huiyun , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackground/AimRisk of dental injuries is present in a variety of sports. Mouthguards are effective yet underutilized. This study aimed to estimate the rate of dental injuries among high school athletes and investigate the utilization of mouthguards across multiple high school sports.Materials and MethodsAthlete exposure and dental injury data were collected during the 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years from a large sample of high schools in the United States as part of the National High School Sports‐Related Injury Surveillance Study.ResultsThere were 222 dental injuries sustained during 24 787 258 athlete exposures for a rate of 0.90 per 100 000 athlete exposures. The rate of dental injuries in competition (1.8) was three times higher than the rate in practice (0.6) (RR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.3–4.0). Rates of dental injuries varied by sport with the highest rates in girls’ field hockey (3.9) and boys’ basketball (2.6). Dental injuries most commonly occurred as a result of contact with another player (61.3%) and contact with a playing apparatus (31.5%). For the majority of dental injuries, the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard (72.5%). Among injuries where athletes were wearing mouthguards, the majority were self‐fitted (95.9%).ConclusionsAlthough dental injuries were relatively uncommon, the majority occurred while the athlete was not wearing a mouthguard. As previous studies have shown that mouthguards are effective in preventing injuries, all high school athletes participating in a sport that places them at risk of sustaining a dental injury should wear a mouthguard consistently in both competition and practice.
A global meta‐analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities
Authors: Siefert Andrew , Violle Cyrille , Chalmandrier Loïc , Albert Cécile H. , Taudiere Adrien , Fajardo Alex , Aarssen Lonnie W. , Baraloto Christopher , Carlucci Marcos B. , Cianciaruso Marcus V. , de L. Dantas Vinícius , de Bello Francesco , Duarte Leandro D. S. , Fonseca Carlos R. , Freschet Grégoire T. , Gaucherand Stéphanie , Gross Nicolas , Hikosaka Kouki , Jackson Benjamin , Jung Vincent , Kamiyama Chiho , Katabuchi Masatoshi , Kembel Steven W. , Kichenin Emilie , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Lagerström Anna , Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann Le , Li Yuanzhi , Mason Norman , Messier Julie , Nakashizuka Tohru , Overton Jacob McC. , Peltzer Duane A. , Pérez‐Ramos I. M. , Pillar Valério D. , Prentice Honor C. , Richardson Sarah , Sasaki Takehiro , Schamp Brandon S. , Schöb Christian , Shipley Bill , Sundqvist Maja , Sykes Martin T. , Vandewalle Marie , Wardle David A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRecent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole‐plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ‐level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait‐based community and ecosystem studies.
Geographic variation of color polymorphism in two sibling ladybird species,Harmonia yedoensisandH. axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)
Authors: Noriyuki Suzuki , Osawa Naoya 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGeographical variation of elytra color pattern in two sibling ladybird species,Harmonia yedoensisandH. axyridis(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae), was examined. The two species are distributed sympatrically in centralJapan; however, onlyH. yedoensisandH. axyridisoccur in theRyukyuIslands (southernJapan) andHokkaido island (northernJapan), respectively. The frequency of elytra color patterns was significantly different between the two species in all sympatric locations and our results were inconsistent with the classical theory onMüllerian mimicry. The most dominant pattern ofH. axyridiswas the least dominant ofH. yedoensisin all sympatric populations. Furthermore, the frequency of the non‐melanic form (red ground color with or without black spots) increased towards the south inH. yedoensis. This tendency was in contrast to the known geographical cline inH. axyridisin which the melanic form (black ground color with red spots) was gradually displaced with the non‐melanic form northwards in theJapanese archipelago. We discuss possible selective factors including predator avoidance, thermal adaptation and reproductive character displacement, all of which might contribute to the maintenance of the color polymorphism in the twoHarmoniaspecies.
Dominance of ‘Gallionella capsiferriformans’ and heavy metal association with Gallionella‐like stalks in metal‐rich pH 6 mine water discharge
Authors: Fabisch M. , Freyer G. , Johnson C. A. , Büchel G. , Akob D. M. , Neu T. R. , Küsel K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHeavy metal‐contaminated, pH 6 mine water discharge created new streams and iron‐rich terraces at a creek bank in a former uranium‐mining area near Ronneburg, Germany. The transition from microoxic groundwater with ~5 mm Fe(II) to oxic surface water may provide a suitable habitat for microaerobic iron‐oxidizing bacteria (FeOB). In this study, we investigated the potential contribution of these FeOB to iron oxidation and metal retention in this high‐metal environment. We (i) identified and quantified FeOB in water and sediment at the outflow, terraces, and creek, (ii) studied the composition of biogenic iron oxides (Gallionella‐like twisted stalks) with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and (iii) examined the metal distribution in sediments. Using quantitative PCR, a very high abundance of FeOB was demonstrated at all sites over a 6‐month study period. Gallionella spp. clearly dominated the communities, accounting for up to 88% of Bacteria, with a minor contribution of other FeOB such as Sideroxydans spp. and ‘Ferrovum myxofaciens’. Classical 16S rRNA gene cloning showed that 96% of the Gallionella‐related sequences had ≥97% identity to the putatively metal‐tolerant ‘Gallionella capsiferriformans ES‐2’, in addition to known stalk formers such as Gallionella ferruginea and Gallionellaceae strain R‐1. Twisted stalks from glass slides incubated in water and sediment were composed of the Fe(III) oxyhydroxide ferrihydrite, as well as polysaccharides. SEM and scanning TEM‐energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed that stalk material contained Cu and Sn, demonstrating the association of heavy metals with biogenic iron oxides and the potential for metal retention by these stalks. Sequential extraction of sediments suggested that Cu (52–61% of total sediment Cu) and other heavy metals were primarily bound to the iron oxide fractions. These results show the importance of ‘G. capsiferriformans’ and biogenic iron oxides in slightly acidic but highly metal‐contaminated freshwater environments.
Functional Principal Component Regression and Functional Partial Least‐squares Regression: An Overview and a Comparative Study
Authors: Febrero‐Bande Manuel , Galeano Pedro , González‐Manteiga Wenceslao 
Published: September 2015

SummaryFunctional data analysis is a field of growing importance in Statistics. In particular, the functional linear model with scalar response is surely the model that has attracted more attention in both theoretical and applied research. Two of the most important methodologies used to estimate the parameters of the functional linear model with scalar response are functional principal component regression and functional partial least‐squares regression. We provide an overview of estimation methods based on these methodologies and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We emphasise that the role played by the functional principal components and by the functional partial least‐squares components that are used in estimation appears to be very important to estimate the functional slope of the model. A functional version of the best subset selection strategy usual in multiple linear regression is also analysed. Finally, we present an extensive comparative simulation study to compare the performance of all the considered methodologies that may help practitioners in the use of the functional linear model with scalar response.
Building qualitative study design using nursing's disciplinary epistemology
Authors: Thorne Sally , Stephens Jennifer , Truant Tracy 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo discuss the implications of drawing on core nursing knowledge as theoretical scaffolding for qualitative nursing enquiry.BackgroundAlthough nurse scholars have been using qualitative methods for decades, much of their methodological direction derives from conventional approaches developed for answering questions in the social sciences. The quality of available knowledge to inform practice can be enhanced through the selection of study design options informed by an appreciation for the nature of nursing knowledge.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesDrawing on the body of extant literature dealing with nursing's theoretical and qualitative research traditions, we consider contextual factors that have shaped the application of qualitative research approaches in nursing, including prior attempts to align method with the structure and form of disciplinary knowledge. On this basis, we critically reflect on design considerations that would follow logically from core features associated with a nursing epistemology.Implications for nursingThe substantive knowledge used by nurses to inform their practice includes both aspects developed at the level of the general and also that which pertains to application in the unique context of the particular. It must be contextually relevant to a fluid and dynamic healthcare environment and adaptable to distinctive patient conditions. Finally, it must align with nursing's moral mandate and action imperative.ConclusionQualitative research design components informed by nursing's disciplinary epistemology will help ensure a logical line of reasoning in our enquiries that remains true to the nature and structure of practice knowledge.
Lipid‐lowering agents use and systemic and oral inflammation in overweight or obese adult Puerto Ricans: the San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study (SOALS)
Authors: Andriankaja Oelisoa M. , Jiménez James J. , Muñoz‐Torres Francisco J. , Pérez Cynthia M. , Vergara José L. , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of lipid‐lowering agents (LLA) on reducing systemic and oral inflammation have not been evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess the association of LLA use with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and oral inflammation.DesignCross‐sectional analysis using baseline data from 1300 overweight/obese participants aged 40–65 years, recruited for the ongoing San Juan Overweight Adults Longitudinal Study. Serum hs‐CRP was measured by ELISA, gingival/periodontal inflammation was evaluated as bleeding upon probing (BOP), and LLA was self‐reported. Separate logistic models were performed for systemic and oral inflammation.ResultsIn all, 24% participants reported history of dyslipidaemia, of which, 50.3% self‐reported LLA use. Sixty percent of the participants had elevated hs‐CRP (>3 mg/dl) and 50% had high BOP (defined as at or above the median: 21%). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, HDL‐C, physical activity, diabetes, blood pressure medications, and percent body fat composition, LLA users had significantly lower odds of elevated hs‐CRP compared to LLA non‐users (OR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.39–0.85). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, educational level, mean plaque index and percent body fat, LLA users had significantly lower odds of high BOP compared to LLA non‐users (OR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.42–0.91).ConclusionsLipid‐lowering agents may reduce both systemic and oral inflammatory responses.
Site‐specific treatment outcome in smokers following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy
Authors: Bunæs Dagmar F. , Lie Stein Atle , Enersen Morten , Aastrøm Anne Nordrehaug , Mustafa Kamal , Leknes Knut N. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of smoking at patient, tooth, and site level following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy.Material and MethodsEighty chronic periodontitis patients, 40 smokers and 40 non‐smokers, were recruited to this single‐arm clinical trial. Smoking status was validated by measuring serum cotinine levels. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline (T0) and 3 months following non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy (T1). At T0 and T1, subgingival plaque samples were collected from the deepest periodontal pocket in each patient and analysed using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Probing depth (PD) ≥ 5 mm with bleeding on probing (BoP) was defined as the primary outcome. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analyses, corrected for clustered observations within patients and teeth, were conducted comparing smokers with non‐smokers.ResultsClinical parameters significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001). An association was revealed between smoking and PD ≥ 5 mm with BoP (OR= 1.90, CI: 1.14, 3.15, p = 0.013), especially for plaque‐positive sites (OR= 4.14, CI: 2.16, 7.96, p < 0.001). A significant reduction of red complex microbiota was observed for non‐smokers only (p = 0.010).ConclusionSmokers respond less favourably to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal therapy compared with non‐smokers, in particular at plaque‐positive sites.