bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ambient Temperature in Neonate Aspic Vipers: Growth, Locomotor Performance and Defensive Behaviors
Authors: AÏDAM AURÉLIE , MICHEL CATHERINE LOUISE , BONNET XAVIER 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe impact of temperature during incubation and gestation has been tested in various reptiles; the postnatal period has been rarely investigated however. Three groups of newborn aspic vipers (Vipera aspis) were placed under contrasted thermal regimes during 7 months: (1) a cool 23°C constant regime, (2) a warm 28°C constant regime, and (3) an optimal regime with free‐access to a wide range of temperatures. Later, all the snakes were placed under hibernation conditions (6°C) during 3 months. Finally all the snakes were placed in the optimal thermal regime during 2 additional months. The total duration of the experiment was of 12 months. Body mass and feeding rates were recorded weekly, body size was measured monthly. We also assessed locomotor performance and recorded several behavioral traits (e.g., defensive and predatory behaviors). As expected, snakes raised under cool temperatures exhibited low feeding rate, growth rate, body condition, and they exhibited poor locomotor performance; they also displayed marked defensive behaviors (e.g., high number of defensive bites) whilst hesitating during longer periods to bite a prey. Such behavioral effects were detected at the end of the experiment (i.e., 5 months after exposure to contrasted thermal treatments [3 months of hibernation plus 2 months of optimal regime]), revealing long term effects. Surprisingly, growth rate and locomotor performance were not different between the two other groups, warm constant 28°C versus optimal regimes (albeit several behavioral traits differed), suggesting that the access to a wide range of ambient temperatures was not a crucial factor. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:310–318, 2013. © 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensory Interaction Between Attractant Diacetyl and Repellent 2‐Nonanone in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: MATSUURA TETSUYA , IZUMI JUNICHI , HIOKI MAMORU , NAGAYA HIROKI , KOBAYASHI YASUAKI 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the odorant diacetyl is sensed by AWA sensory neurons in the amphid sensory organ and elicits an attractive response, whereas 2‐nonanone is sensed by AWB amphid sensory neurons and elicits an avoidance response. In the present study, we report that nematodes exhibit a sensory interaction between the attractant diacetyl and repellent 2‐nonanone. In the presence of food, the chemotactic response to 0.01% diacetyl in nematodes preexposed to 0.1% diacetyl was greater than that in nonexposed naive nematodes (P < 0.05). The response to diacetyl was also greater in nematodes preexposed to 3% 2‐nonanone in the presence of food than that in naive nematodes (P < 0.01). In the absence of food, the response to diacetyl in nematodes preexposed to diacetyl or 2‐nonanone was significantly lower than that in nonexposed control nematodes (P < 0.01). The avoidance response to 10% 2‐nonanone in nematodes preexposed to each odorant in the presence or absence of food was lower than that in nonexposed nematodes (P < 0.05). To confirm the validity of our results, the chemotactic responses to diacetyl and 2‐nonanone were observed using che‐3, odr‐4, and odr‐10 mutants, which exhibited defective sensitivity to diacetyl or 2‐nonanone. From the results of our experiments, we conclude that nematodes exhibit a sensory interaction between diacetyl and 2‐nonanone and speculate that this interaction is driven by higher‐level neuronal circuits that underlie sensory integration. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:285–295, 2013. © 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of interscapular brown adipose tissue of mice in differentially housed temperatures by chemical‐shift–encoded water–fat MRI
Authors: Smith Daniel L. , Yang Yongbin , Hu Houchun H. , Zhai Guihua , Nagy Tim R. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTo determine differences in fat‐signal fraction (FF) from chemical‐shift–encoded water–fat MRI of interscapular BAT in mice housed at different ambient temperatures (Ta).Materials and MethodsC57BL/6J male mice (8 weeks old) were singly housed at 16°C, 23°C, or 30°C (n = 16/group) for 4 weeks. Measures included food intake, body weight (both measured weekly) and body composition (at baseline, 2, and 4 weeks post‐thermal exposure); chemical‐shift–encoded water–fat MRI was performed on a 9.4 Tesla Bruker magnet with respiratory gating and anesthesia at 4 weeks post‐thermal exposure.ResultsA significant inverse relationship between food intake and Ta was evidenced (P < 0.0001). Lean mass was similar among groups, while total fat mass was significantly different among groups ([mean ± SE]: 30°C = 5.10 ± 0.19 g; 23°C = 4.18 ± 0.16 g; 16°C = 3.48 ± 0.54 g; P < 0.0001). Mean BAT‐FF was positively related to Ta (means: 30°C = 79.4%; 23°C = 61.8%; 16°C = 50.9%; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThese cross‐sectional results demonstrate that MRI measurement of FF within the interscapular BAT in mice reflects recent functional status of the tissue, with a lower Ta leading to a significantly reduced BAT‐FF, indicative of the tissue's involvement in thermogenesis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1425–1433. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleus pulposus cells expressing hBMP7 can prevent the degeneration of allogenic IVD in a canine transplantation model
Authors: Chaofeng Wang , Chao Zhang , Deli Wang , Jianhong Wu , Yan Zhang , Cheng Xu , Hongkui Xin , Qing He , Dike Ruan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe have previously explored the possibilities of allogenic intervertebral disc (IVD) curing disc degeneration disease in clinical practice. The results showed that the motion and stability of the spinal unit was preserved after transplantation of allogenic IVD in human beings at 5‐year follow‐up. However, mild degeneration was observed in the allogenic transplanted IVD cases. In this study, we construct the biological tissue engineering IVD by injecting the nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) expressing human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (hBMP7) into cryopreserved IVD, and transplant the biological tissue engineering IVD into a beagle dog to investigate whether NPCs expressing hBMP7 could prevent the degeneration of the transplanted allogenic IVDs. At 24 weeks after transplantation, MRI scan showed that IVD allografts injected NPCs expressing hBMP7 have a slighter signs of degeneration than IVD allografts with NPCs or without NPCs. The range of motion of left–right rotation in the group without NPCs was bigger than that of two cells injection group. PKH‐26‐labeled cells were identified at IVD allograft. The study demonstrated that NPCs expressing hBMP7 could survive at least 24 weeks and prevent the degeneration of the transplanted IVD. This solution might have a potential role in preventing the IVD allograft degeneration in long time follow‐up. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1366–1373, 2013
Acrylamide reduction in potato chips by selection of potato variety grown in Iran and processing conditions
Authors: Shojaee‐Aliabadi Saeedeh , Nikoopour Hooshang , Kobarfard Farzad , Parsapour Mahdi , Moslehishad Maryam , Hassanabadi Hassan , Frias Jesus M , Hashemi Maryam , Dahaghin Ezzat 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcrylamide as a possible carcinogen is known to form in heated carbohydrate‐rich food such as potato chips. In this study, the effect of three potato varieties (Agria, Sante and Savalan) and two blanching conditions (75 °C for 9 min and 83 °C for 2.5 min) on the concentration of precursors and acrylamide reduction in potato chips was investigated.ResultsResults revealed that potato variety and blanching time–temperature were important parameters for acrylamide formation in potato chips. Acrylamide content in Sante variety potatoes, which contained the highest amount of reducing sugars, was found to be the highest (8825 µg kg−1). However, Savalan, containing the highest asparagine concentration, showed the lowest amount of acrylamide due to its lower reducing sugar content. Blanching reduced acrylamide formation; it was more efficient at 75 °C for 9 min, with an average reduction of 74%. The effect of three frying temperatures (170, 180 and 190 °C) on acrylamide formation was also studied just for the Agria potato variety. Increasing frying temperature led to a significant increase in acrylamide formation.ConclusionPotato variety and processing conditions were important parameters for acrylamide formation in potato chips. The combination of a suitable variety and appropriate processing conditions could considerably reduce acrylamide content. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Inclusion of cocoa as a dietary supplement represses expression of inflammatory proteins in spinal trigeminal nucleus in response to chronic trigeminal nerve stimulation
Authors: Cady Ryan J. , Denson Jennifer E. , Durham Paul L. 
Published: April 2013

ScopeCentral sensitization is implicated in the pathology of temporomandibular joint disorder and other types of orofacial pain. We investigated the effects of dietary cocoa on expression of proteins involved in the development of central sensitization in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) in response to inflammatory stimulation of trigeminal nerves.Methods and resultsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed either a control diet or an isocaloric diet consisting of 10% cocoa powder 14 days prior to bilateral injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the temporomandibular joint to promote prolonged activation of trigeminal ganglion neurons and glia. While dietary cocoa stimulated basal expression of glutamate‐aspartate transporter and mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 when compared to animals on a normal diet, cocoa suppressed basal calcitonin gene‐related peptide levels in the STN. CFA‐stimulated levels of protein kinase A, P2X3, P‐p38, glial fibrillary‐associated protein, and OX‐42, whose elevated levels in the STN are implicated in central sensitization, were repressed to near control levels in animals on a cocoa‐enriched diet. Similarly, dietary cocoa repressed CFA‐stimulated inflammatory cytokine expression.ConclusionBased on our findings, we speculate that cocoa‐enriched diets could be beneficial as a natural therapeutic option for temporomandibular joint disorder and other chronic orofacial pain conditions.
On the convergence of shifted Laplace preconditioner combined with multilevel deflation
Authors: Sheikh A. H. , Lahaye D. , Vuik C. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYDeflating the shifted Laplacian with geometric multigrid vectors yields speedup. To verify this claim, we investigate a simplified variant of Erlangga and Nabben presented in [Erlangga and Nabben, ETNA, 2008;31:403–424]. We derive expressions for the eigenvalues of the two‐level preconditioner for the one‐dimensional problem. These expressions show that the algorithm analyzed is not scalable. They also show that the imaginary shift can be increased without delaying the convergence of the outer Krylov acceleration. An increase of the number of grid points per wavelength results in convergence acceleration. This contrasts to the use of the shifted Laplace preconditioner. Our analysis also shows that the use of deflation results in a spectrum more favorable to the convergence of the outer Krylov acceleration. The near‐null space components are still insufficiently well resolved, and the number of iterations increases with the wavenumber. In the two‐dimensional case, the number of near‐zero eigenvalues is larger than in the one‐dimensional case. We perform numerical computations with the two‐level and multilevel versions of the algorithm on constant and nonconstant wavenumber problems. Our numerical results confirm our spectral analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3D fluid–structure interaction analysis of a typical liquid rocket engine cycle based on a novel viscoplastic damage model
Authors: Kowollik D. , Tini V. , Reese S. , Haupt M. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYIn many space missions, expandable or reusable launch systems are used. In this context, the reliable design of liquid rocket engines (LREs) is a key issue. In the present paper, we present a novel combination of numerical schemes. It is applied to model the extreme physical phenomena a typical LRE undergoes during its loading cycles. The numerical scheme includes a partitioned fluid–structure interaction (FSI) algorithm in combination with a unified viscoplastic damage model. This allows the complex description of the material response under cyclic thermomechanical loading taking place in LREs. In this regard, we focus on the response of the cooling channel wall that is made from copper alloys. For the coupled FSI analysis, the individual domains of the rocket thrust chamber are modeled by a 3D parametrized approach. The well‐established single field solver codes, DLR TAU for the hot gas and ABAQUS FE software for the structural domain, are coupled via the inhouse developed simulation environment ifls. Ifls provides the necessary algorithms for a partitioned coupling approach such as individual code steering, data interpolation, time integration and iteration control. Finally, the results of an FSI analysis of a complete engine cycle are presented. They show the potential of the new numerical scheme for the lifetime prediction of LREs.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histamine‐2 receptor antagonists and risk of lung cancer in diabetic patients – an exploratory analysis
Authors: Hsu Chia‐Lin , Chang Chia‐Hsuin , Lin Jou‐Wei , Wu Li‐Chiu , Chuang Lee‐Ming , Lai Mei‐Shu 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeHistamine‐2 receptor blockers (H2RBs) might have anti‐tumorogenic effect, but the clinical effect on lung cancer occurrence was unclear.MethodsA total of 640,173 type 2 diabetic patients were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims database in 2000. Patients were followed from cohort entry to the earliest of cancer diagnosis, death, disenrollment from the national health insurance, or 31 December 2007. For each participant, H2RB use during the follow‐up period was ascertained from the outpatient pharmacy prescription database. Patients with incident squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma were included as cases and up to four age‐ and sex‐matched controls were selected by risk‐set sampling. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to estimate the association between H2RBs and lung cancer incidence.ResultsA total of 1182 incident SCC and 2345 adenocarcinoma cases were identified, and 13,108 matched controls were selected. An increased risk was observed for H2RBs use <1 year with adjusted OR of 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22–1.44). After excluding all exposures occurring in the year before lung cancer diagnosis, H2RBs use with cumulative dosage ≥ 360 “defined daily doses” was associated with a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.38–0.96). When we stratified on types of lung cancer, the protective association of higher cumulative use of H2RBs seemed more evident for lung adenocarcinoma, with an adjusted OR of 0.49 (95% CI: 0.26–0.90).ConclusionsHigher cumulative use of H2RBs might be associated with a reduced risk for non‐small cell lung cancer in diabetic patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The development of the advanced semiconductor finger solar cell
Authors: Mai Ly , Mitchell Emily Jessica , Wang Kee Soon , Lin Dong , Wenham Stuart 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThe advanced semiconductor finger solar cell is a silicon wafer cell designed for industrial implementation. The concept incorporates a selective emitter with a front side grid metallisation that combines the advantages of both screen printing and plating techniques. Screen‐printed metal forms the busbars and a few thick but widely spaced fingers. The current is carried to these fingers via narrow, closely spaced, thinly plated, laser‐doped lines formed perpendicular to the fingers. This paper explains the evolution from the original semiconductor finger cell design to this advanced version and outlines the issues encountered in the process development thus far. An encouraging result of 18.5% efficiency has been achieved on a large area cell with fully industrial equipment, and several opportunities for significant improvement are identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymethylene‐block‐polystyrene copolymers: A new synthetic approach using a combination of polyhomologation and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization and their microfibers and microspheres fabricated through electrospinning process
Authors: Wang Xin , Gao Jin‐Ping , Zhao Qiao‐Ling , Huang Jin , Mao Guo‐Liang , Wu Wei , Ning Ying‐Nan , Ma Zhi 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWell‐defined polymethylene‐block‐polystyrene (PM‐b‐PS) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a combination of polyhomologation of ylides and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene. Trithiocarbonate‐terminated polymethylenes (PM‐TTCB) (Mn = 1400 g mol−1; Mw/Mn = 1.09 and Mn = 2100 g mol−1; Mw/Mn = 1.20) were obtained via an esterification of S−1‐dodecyl‐S′‐(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetate) trithiocarbonate with hydroxyl‐terminated polymethylene synthesized via polyhomologation of ylides followed by oxidation. Then, a series of PM‐b‐PS (Mn = 5500–34,000 g mol−1; Mw/Mn = 1.12–1.25) diblock copolymers were obtained by RAFT polymerization of styrene using PM‐TTCB as a macromolecular chain‐transfer agent. The chain structures of all the polymers were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thiocarbonylthio end‐group of PM‐b‐PS was transformed into thiol group by aminolysis and confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. In addition, microfibers and microspheres of such diblock copolymers were fabricated by electrospinning process and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2892–2899
Stabilization of the film morphology in polymer: Fullerene heterojunction solar cells with photocrosslinkable bromine‐functionalized low‐bandgap copolymers
Authors: Qian Deping , Xu Qi , Hou Xuliang , Wang Fuzhi , Hou Jianhui , Tan Zhan'ao 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTNovel bromine‐functionalized photocrosslinkable low‐bandgap copolymers, PBDTTT‐Br25 and PBDTTT‐Br50, are synthesized via Stille cross‐coupling polymerization for the purpose of stabilizing the film morphology in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Photocrosslinking of PBDTTT‐Br25 and PBDTTT‐Br50 copolymers dramatically improves the solvent resistance of the active layer without disrupting the molecular ordering and charge transport, which is confirmed by the insolubility of the films washed by organic solvents and by their thermal behavior. As a result, the formation of large aggregations of fullerene is suppressed in polymer:fullerene blend films even after prolonged thermal annealing, and the stability of the device is enhanced when compared with cells based on noncrosslinkable PBDTTT. The power conversion efficiency of the PSCs based on PBDTTT‐Br25 and PBDTTT‐Br50 reaches 5.17% and 4.48%, respectively, which is improved obviously in comparison with that (4.26%) of the PSCs based on the control polymer PBDTTT. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3123–3131
Resolving oxide surfaces – From point and line defects to complex network structures
Authors: Heyde Markus , Simon Georg H. , Lichtenstein Leonid 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the following, we demonstrate the atomic‐scale analysis of oxide surfaces. Essential physical properties were extracted using noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc‐AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The main focus has been put on the determination of surface structures. A review of the recent achievements towards atomic‐scale resolution from highly crystalline to amorphous materials is provided. An overview of local probe microscopy and spectroscopy to get beyond the averaging character of diffraction methods is thereby summarized. In particular, surface defects of various dimensionality were investigated. Furthermore, acquisition of information on electronic properties is detailed. The presented material covers zero‐dimensional (0D) point defects, one‐dimensional (1D) line defects, and two‐dimensional (2D) random networks, i.e., amorphous structures. First, we present spectroscopy data taken on thin MgO films grown on Ag(001). Distance‐ and bias‐dependent nc‐AFM and STM measurements were recorded on these films. The local work‐function shift and electronic structure of color centers in the MgO surface were studied. In the next section, the structure determination of ultrathin alumina/NiAl(110) is shown. Atomically resolved nc‐AFM reveals a detailed picture of various line defects in the film. Finally, we discuss the atomic structure of a recently discovered ultrathin vitreous silica film on Ru(0001). The atomic arrangement in the 2D random network, resembling the classical picture of Zachariasen, is analyzed in terms of the pair correlation function and ring‐size distribution.
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
Authors: Parker Wendy S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany studies of future climate change take an ensemble modeling approach in which simulations of future conditions are produced with multiple climate models (or model versions), rather than just one. These ensemble studies are of two main types—perturbed‐physics and multimodel—which investigate different sources of uncertainty about future climate change. Increasingly, methods are being applied which assign probabilities to future changes in climate on the basis of the set of projections (the ensemble) produced in a perturbed‐physics or multimodel study. This has prompted debate over both the appropriate interpretation of ensembles as well as how best to communicate uncertainty about future climate change to decision makers; such communication is a primary impetus for ensemble studies. The intuition persists that agreement among ensemble members about the extent of future climate change warrants increased confidence in the projected changes, but in practice the significance of this robustness is difficult to gauge. Priority topics for future research include how to design ensemble studies that take better account of structural uncertainty, how to weight ensemble members and how to improve the process by which ensemble studies are synthesized with other information in expert assessments. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:213–223. doi: 10.1002/wcc.220This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models