bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the anaesthetic efficacy of epinephrine concentrations (1 : 80 000 and 1 : 200 000) in 2% lidocaine for inferior alveolar nerve block in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a randomized, double‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Aggarwal V. , Singla M. , Miglani S. , Kohli S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this randomized controlled, double‐blind trial was to comparatively evaluate the anaesthetic efficacy and injection pain of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with different concentrations of epinephrine (1 : 80 000 and 1 : 200 000) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.MethodologySixty‐two adult volunteers, actively experiencing pain, were randomly allocated into 2 groups and received 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine with either 1 : 80 000 or 1 : 200 000 epinephrine concentration. Endodontic access preparation was initiated 15 min after the initial IANB. Pain during treatment was recorded using the Heft‐Parker visual analogue scale (HP VAS). The primary outcome measure, and the definition of ‘success’, was the ability to undertake pulp access and canal instrumentation with no or mild pain (HP VAS score <55 mm). Secondary outcome measure was the pain experienced during LA solution deposition. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsThe anaesthetic success rates of 2% lidocaine solutions containing 1 : 80 000 and 1 : 200 000 epinephrine concentrations were 20% and 28%, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. There was also no significant difference in the pain experienced during deposition of the solutions.ConclusionsTwo percent lidocaine solution used for IANB achieved similar success rates when used with 1 : 80 000 or 1 : 200 000 epinephrine concentration.
The role of team climate in the management of emotional labour: implications for nurse retention
Authors: Cheng Cindy , Bartram Timothy , Karimi Leila , Leggat Sandra G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimsThis article examines the relationships among emotional labour, team climate, burnout, perceived quality of care and turnover intention among nurses in Australia, with the aim of addressing nurse retention and burnout.BackgroundEmotional labour refers to the regulation of emotion during interpersonal transactions. It may involve faking unfelt emotions, hiding genuine emotions and deep acting whereby the individuals attempt to influence their inner feelings to induce the appropriate outward countenance. Currently, there is a dearth of literature that investigates the link between emotional labour and perceived quality of care and ultimately turnover intention. The contribution of team climate in the relationship between emotional labour and burnout is still uncertain.DesignA cross‐sectional quantitative study conducted with self‐completed questionnaires.MethodsThe study was conducted in 2011 with 201 registered nurses. Validated measures were used to measure the aforementioned constructs. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the measured variables and hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe final model demonstrates that faking has a significant negative influence on perceived quality of care. Hiding predicts burnout, leading to an increase in turnover intention. Team climate moderates the relationship between hiding and burnout, which may subsequently influence turnover intention.ConclusionThe establishment of a strong team climate may help nurses to manage the emotional demands of their role, promote their well‐being and retention.
Gender‐bias hate crimes: what constitutes a hate crime from a potential juror's perspective?
Authors: Plumm Karyn M. , Terrance Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe current study explored hate crime in a nontypical scenario. Label of the crime (first‐degree assault vs. bias‐motivated assault) and gender of the victim were varied within the context of an attack perpetrated within other gender dyads (i.e., when the victim was female, the perpetrator was male, and vice versa). Results indicated that participants in the assault condition were more likely to find the defendant guilty than those in the hate crime condition. Participants also made differential attributions of victim blame, such that those in the assault condition found the victim to be more mentally unstable than those in the hate crime condition.
Diet patterns are associated with demographic factors and nutritional status in South Indian children
Authors: Kehoe Sarah H. , Krishnaveni Ghattu V. , Veena Sargoor R. , Guntupalli Aravinda M. , Margetts Barrie M. , Fall Caroline H.D. , Robinson Sian M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe burden of non‐communicable chronic disease (NCD) in India is increasing. Diet and body composition ‘track’ from childhood into adult life and contribute to the development of risk factors for NCD. Little is known about the diet patterns of Indian children. We aimed to identify diet patterns and study associations with body composition and socio‐demographic factors in the Mysore Parthenon Study cohort. We collected anthropometric and demographic data from children aged 9.5 years (n = 538). We also administered a food frequency questionnaire and measured fasting blood concentrations of folate and vitamin B12. Using principal component analysis, we identified two diet patterns. The ‘snack and fruit’ pattern was characterised by frequent intakes of snacks, fruit, sweetened drinks, rice and meat dishes and leavened breads. The ‘lacto‐vegetarian’ pattern was characterised by frequent intakes of finger millet, vegetarian rice dishes, yoghurt, vegetable dishes and infrequent meat consumption. Adherence to the ‘snack and fruit’ pattern was associated with season, being Muslim and urban dwelling. Adherence to the lacto‐vegetarian pattern was associated with being Hindu, rural dwelling and a lower maternal body mass index. The ‘snack and fruit’ pattern was negatively associated with the child's adiposity. The lacto‐vegetarian pattern was positively associated with blood folate concentration and negatively with vitamin B12 concentration. This study provides new information on correlates of diet patterns in Indian children and how diet relates to nutritional status. Follow‐up of these children will be important to determine the role of these differences in diet in the development of risk factors for NCD including body composition.
Naturalizing Moral Justification: Rethinking the Method of Moral Epistemology
Authors: Tobin Theresa W. , Jaggar Alison M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe companion piece to this article, “Situating Moral Justification,” challenges the idea that moral epistemology's mission is to establish a single, all‐purpose reasoning strategy for moral justification because no reasoning practice can be expected to deliver authoritative moral conclusions in all social contexts. The present article argues that rethinking the mission of moral epistemology requires rethinking its method as well. Philosophers cannot learn which reasoning practices are suitable to use in particular contexts exclusively by exploring logical relations among concepts. Instead, in order to understand which reasoning practices are capable of justifying moral claims in different types of contexts, we need to study empirically the relationships between reasoning practices and the contexts in which they are used. The article proposes that philosophers investigate case studies of real‐world moral disputes in which people lack shared cultural assumptions and/or are unequal in social power. It motivates and explains the proposed case study method and illustrates the philosophical value of this method through a case study.
Emergence patterns and ecological associations of some haematophagous blackfly species along an oligotrophic hydrosystem
Authors: IVKOVIĆ M. , KESIĆ M. , MIHALJEVIĆ Z. , KÚDELA M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEmergence patterns of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) were investigated for 2 years at nine sites in the Plitvice Lakes area of Croatia, using pyramid‐type traps. A total of 38 012 specimens representing 10 haematophagous species were collected. The dominant species was Simulium angustipes Edwards, 1915, a vector transmitting avian trypanosomes. Water temperature, alkalinity, conductivity and habitat type represented the factors with the greatest degree of influence on blackfly species composition, structure and distribution along a longitudinal gradient of this oligotrophic karstic hydrosystem. Simulium angustipes was highly associated with lake outlets. The blackfly communities at all sites were dominated by species typical of the rhithral zone, but there was a shift in species composition along a longitudinal gradient from the hypocrenal–epirhithral to the epirhithral–metarhithral zone. Multiple generations per year were detected in S. angustipes, whereas in Simulium costatum Friederichs, 1920, the number of generations differed between sites with constant and those with variable water temperature.
Sclerosing peritonitis, a rare complication after intestinal transplant. Report of one case successfully treated with adjustment of immunosuppression
Authors: Rumbo Carolina , Zambernardi Agustina , Cabanne Ana , Rumbo Martin , Gondolesi Gabriel 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSclerosing peritonitis is a complication described in different clinical situations, such as patients that underwent prolonged peritoneal dialysis or renal transplantation with previous history of peritoneal dialysis. The origin of this entity is unclear so far and it is believed that several mechanisms may contribute to its development. The hallmark of sclerosing peritonitis is the continuous accumulation of fibrocollagenous deposits in the intestinal wall and mesenteries causing progressive adhesion of the intestinal loops and mesenteric retraction resulting in intestinal obstruction. Also, it has been described as a rare complication after intestinal transplant that might lead to graft failure. In this report, we describe a case of sclerosing peritonitis after intestinal transplantation that was successfully treated with modifications in the immunosuppressive regime allowing restitution of gastrointestinal transit and intestinal autonomy.
Detection and quantification of Ilyonectria spp. associated with black‐foot disease of grapevine in nursery soils using multiplex nested PCR and quantitative PCR
Authors: Agustí‐Brisach C. , Mostert L. , Armengol J. 
Published: July 2013

Three nursery fields and three rootstock mother fields from commercial nurseries located in Comunidad Valenciana region (central‐eastern Spain) were surveyed in July 2011 to detect the presence and to quantify Ilyonectria spp. in the soil. In each field, ten soil samples were taken randomly with a soil probe at a depth of 10–30 cm, and 10–20 cm from the base of the plant. Three replicate subsamples (10 g each) were taken from each soil sample. DNA was extracted and a multiplex nested PCR with species‐specific primer pairs (Mac1/MaPa2, Lir1/Lir2 and Pau1/MaPa2) was used to identify the species present. Among the 180 soil DNA samples analysed, Ilyonectria spp. were detected in 172 of them. Ilyonectria macrodidyma complex was the most frequently detected, being identified in 141 samples from all the fields evaluated. However, I. liriodendri was detected in only 16 samples, but was present in all open‐root field nurseries and in two rootstock mother fields. In addition, quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were done to assess the levels of I. liriodendri and I. macrodidyma‐complex DNA in the soil samples. Detection of Ilyonectria spp. DNA using qPCR correlated with the fields found positive with the nested multiplex PCR. DNA concentrations of Ilyonectria spp. ranged from 0·004 to 1904·8 pg μL−1. In general, samples from rootstock mother fields showed the highest DNA concentrations. The ability to detect and quantify Ilyonectria spp. genomic DNA in soil samples from nursery fields and rootstock mother fields confirms soils from both field types as important inoculum sources for black‐foot pathogens.
Marginal Log-Linear Parameters for Graphical Markov Models
Authors: Evans Robin J. , Richardson Thomas S. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryMarginal log-linear (MLL) models provide a flexible approach to multivariate discrete data. MLL parameterizations under linear constraints induce a wide variety of models, including models that are defined by conditional independences. We introduce a subclass of MLL models which correspond to acyclic directed mixed graphs under the usual global Markov property. We characterize for precisely which graphs the resulting parameterization is variation independent. The MLL approach provides the first description of acyclic directed mixed graph models in terms of a minimal list of constraints. The parameterization is also easily adapted to sparse modelling techniques, which we illustrate by using several examples of real data.
EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE MAIZE PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA: AN INTEGRATED DISTANCE FUNCTION APPROACH
Authors: Aye Goodness C. , Mungatana Eric D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe study evaluates the performance of small scale maize producers in Nigeria using stochastic input distance function (SIDF) and variable returns to scale data envelopment analysis (VRS DEA). Further, it examines the determinants of technical efficiency using the double‐bounded Tobit regression model. Results show that maize farmers are operating below the frontier. Technical efficiency estimates from SIDF and VRS DEA models are 86.7 percent and 85.5 percent, respectively. The efficiency estimates obtained from the two models are positively and significantly correlated. Given the high correlation between the two models in our analysis, and for individual variance and bias reduction, the efficiency scores from these models for each farmer are further combined into a single index using the principal component analysis (PCA) approach. Technical efficiency from the integrated model is 86.2 percent. Our findings show that maize production could still be raised by improving farm efficiency. Age, education, household size, membership of a farmer group, access to credit, and market were found to be statistically significant in explaining technical efficiency, thus emphasizing the need for policy intervention in improving farm efficiency.
Determination of MDR1 gene expression for prediction of chemotherapy tolerance and treatment outcome in dogs with lymphoma
Authors: Gramer I. , Kessler M. , Geyer J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe multidrug resistance gene 1(MDR1) expression levels were analysed in 27 dogs with different types of malignant lymphomas receiving a standard chemotherapy protocol. Blood samples were used for MDR1 real‐time PCR expression analysis. Treatment tolerance and outcome were evaluated on a regular basis by clinical examination and client questioning. Dogs developing severe adverse effects under treatment showed significantly lower basal MDR1 gene expression levels when compared with those who tolerated the drugs well. In the longitudinal MDR1 gene expression analysis during treatment, four dogs showed a greater than two‐fold MDR1 up‐regulation, compared to baseline expression. All four of these dogs, but none of the others, showed disease progression. In conclusion, basal and follow‐up MDR1 gene expression levels could be of predictive value for the occurrence of severe adverse drug reactions and/or the development of MDR during chemotherapy for lymphoma in dogs.
Paragonimiasis Acquired in the United States: Native and Nonnative Species
Authors: Diaz James H. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY

Paragonimiasis is a parasitic lung infection caused by lung flukes of the genus
Paragonimus
, with most cases reported from Asia and caused by
P. westermani
following consumption of raw or undercooked crustaceans. With the exception of imported
P. westermani
cases in immigrants, in travelers returning from areas of disease endemicity, and in clusters of acquired cases following consumption of imported Asian crabs, human paragonimiasis caused by native lung flukes is rarely described in the United States, which has only one indigenous species of lung fluke,
Paragonimus kellicotti
. Clinicians should inquire about the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater crabs by immigrants, expatriates, and returning travelers, and the consumption of raw or undercooked crayfish in U.S. freshwater river systems where
P. kellicotti
is endemic when evaluating patients presenting with unexplained fever, cough, rales, hemoptysis, pleural effusions, and peripheral eosinophilia. Diagnostic evaluation by specific parasitological, radiological, serological, and molecular methods will be required in order to differentiate paragonimiasis from tuberculosis, which is not uncommon in recent Asian immigrants. All cases of imported and locally acquired paragonimiasis will require treatment with oral praziquantel to avoid any potential pulmonary and cerebral complications of paragonimiasis, some of which may require surgical interventions.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae O1 following a Single-Source Introduction to Haiti
Authors: Katz Lee S. , Petkau Aaron , Beaulaurier John , Tyler Shaun , Antonova Elena S. , Turnsek Maryann A. , Guo Yan , Wang Susana , Paxinos Ellen E. , Orata Fabini , Gladney Lori M. , Stroika Steven , Folster Jason P. , Rowe Lori , Freeman Molly M. , Knox Natalie , Frace Mike , Boncy Jacques , Graham Morag , Hammer Brian K. , Boucher Yan , Bashir Ali , Hanage William P. , Van Domselaar Gary , Tarr Cheryl L. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT

Prior to the epidemic that emerged in Haiti in October of 2010, cholera had not been documented in this country. After its introduction, a strain of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 spread rapidly throughout Haiti, where it caused over 600,000 cases of disease and >7,500 deaths in the first two years of the epidemic. We applied whole-genome sequencing to a temporal series of
V. cholerae
isolates from Haiti to gain insight into the mode and tempo of evolution in this isolated population of
V. cholerae
O1. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analyses supported the hypothesis that all isolates in the sample set diverged from a common ancestor within a time frame that is consistent with epidemiological observations. A pangenome analysis showed nearly homogeneous genomic content, with no evidence of gene acquisition among Haiti isolates. Nine nearly closed genomes assembled from continuous-long-read data showed evidence of genome rearrangements and supported the observation of no gene acquisition among isolates. Thus, intrinsic mutational processes can account for virtually all of the observed genetic polymorphism, with no demonstrable contribution from horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Consistent with this, the 12 Haiti isolates tested by laboratory HGT assays were severely impaired for transformation, although unlike previously characterized noncompetent
V. cholerae
isolates, each expressed
hapR
and possessed a functional quorum-sensing system. Continued monitoring of
V. cholerae
in Haiti will illuminate the processes influencing the origin and fate of genome variants, which will facilitate interpretation of genetic variation in future epidemics.

IMPORTANCE
Vibrio cholerae
is the cause of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide, with over three million cases of disease each year. An understanding of the mode and rate of evolutionary change is critical for proper interpretation of genome sequence data and attribution of outbreak sources. The Haiti epidemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to study an isolated, single-source outbreak of
Vibrio cholerae
O1 over an established time frame. By using multiple approaches to assay genetic variation, we found no evidence that the Haiti strain has acquired any genes by horizontal gene transfer, an observation that led us to discover that it is also poorly transformable. We have found no evidence that environmental strains have played a role in the evolution of the outbreak strain.
Acromiohumeral distance measurement in rotator cuff tendinopathy: is there a reliable, clinically applicable method? A systematic review
Authors: McCreesh Karen M , Crotty James M , Lewis Jeremy S 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundNarrowing of the subacromial space has been noted as a common feature of rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. It has been implicated in the development of symptoms and forms the basis for some surgical and rehabilitation approaches. Various radiological methods have been used to measure the subacromial space, which is represented by a two-dimensional measurement of acromiohumeral distance (AHD). A reliable method of measurement could be used to assess the impact of rehabilitation or surgical interventions for RC tendinopathy; however, there are no published reviews assessing the reliability of AHD measurement.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to systematically assess the evidence for the intrarater and inter-rater reliability of radiological methods of measuring AHD, in order to identify the most reliable method for use in RC tendinopathy.Study appraisal and synthesisAn electronic literature search was carried out and studies describing the reliability of any radiological method of measuring AHD in either healthy or RC tendinopathy groups were included. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were appraised by two reviewers using the Quality Appraisal for reliability Studies checklist.ResultsEight studies were deemed to be of high methodological quality. Study weaknesses included lack of tester blinding, inadequate description of tester experience, lack of inclusion of symptomatic populations, poor reporting of statistical methods and unclear diagnosis. There was strong evidence for the reliability of ultrasound for measuring AHD, with moderate evidence for MRI and CT measures and conflicting evidence for radiographic methods. Overall, there was lack of research in RC tendinopathy populations, with only six studies including participants with shoulder pain.ConclusionsThe results support the reliability of ultrasound and CT or MRI for the measurement of AHD; however, more studies in symptomatic populations are required. The reliability of AHD measurement using radiographs has not been supported by the studies reviewed.
Fewer ligament injuries but no preventive effect on muscle injuries and severe injuries: an 11-year follow-up of the UEFA Champions League injury study
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Hägglund Martin , Kristenson Karolina , Magnusson Henrik , Waldén Markus 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundLimited information is available on the variation in injury rates over multiple seasons of professional football.AimTo analyse time-trends in injury characteristics of male professional football players over 11 consecutive seasons.MethodsA total of 1743 players comprising 27 teams from 10 countries were followed prospectively between 2001 and 2012. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time loss injuries.ResultsA total of 8029 time loss injuries were recorded. The match unavailability due to injury was 14% and constant over the study period. On average, a player sustained two injuries per season, resulting in approximately 50 injuries per team and season. The ligament injury rate decreased during the study period (R2=0.608, b=−0.040, 95% CI −0.065 to −0.016, p=0.005), whereas the rate of muscle injury (R2=0.228, b=−0.013, 95% CI −0.032 to 0.005, p=0.138) and severe injury (R2=0.141, b=0.015, 95% CI −0.013 to 0.043, p=0.255) did not change over the study period. In addition, no changes in injury rates over the 11-year period were found for either training (R2=0.000, b=0.000, 95% CI −0.035 to 0.034, p=0.988) or match play (R2=0.282, b=−0.015, 95% CI −0.032 to 0.003, p=0.093).ConclusionsThe injury rate has decreased for ligament injuries over the last 11 years, but overall training, match injury rates and the rates of muscle injury and severe injury remain high.