bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrophobic microblock length effect on the interaction strength and binding capacity between a partially hydrolyzed microblock hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide terpolymer and surfactant
Authors: Guo Yongjun , Liang Yan , Yang Xueshan , Feng Rusen , Song Rutong , Zhou Jingda , Gao Feilong 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPoly(acrylamide/sodium acrylate/N‐dodecyl acrylamide)s [poly(AM/NaAA/C12AM)s] with different hydrophobic microblock lengths (NH's) were prepared by the micellar copolymerization of acrylamide and sodium acrylate with a low amount of N‐dodecyl acrylamide (0.2 mol %), and the molecular structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, and static light scattering. A combination of experiments involving viscosity measurement, fluorescence, and conductometry was applied to investigate the effect of NH on the interaction strength and binding capacity between poly(AM/NaAA/C12AM)s and C12H25SO4Na [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)]. The viscosity, I3/I1 (the intensity ratio of the third vibrational band to the first band of pyrene molecules), and conductivity of the mixed system of copolymers with SDS all had different variation trends with the concentration of SDS. The binding capacity of the copolymers with SDS was calculated according to quantitative differences between the critical micelle concentration of the pure SDS solution and the mixed system. All of the results show that the interaction strength of SDS with the copolymers rose, and the binding capacity decreased with increasing NH. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40633.
Foam stability and polymer phase morphology of flexible polyurethane foams synthesized from castor oil
Authors: Sharma Chandan , Kumar Sanjay , Unni A. Raman , Aswal Vinod K. , Rath Sangram K. , Harikrishnan G. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFoam stability and segmented polymeric phase morphology of polyurethane foams synthesized partially and completely from castor oil are investigated. Preliminary analysis of the impact of alterations in the polymeric phase on macroscopic stress dissipation in foams is also carried out. The stability and morphology show unique trends depending on the concentration of castor oil used in foam synthesis. While low and intermediate concentrations of castor oil does not significantly affect the foaming process; at high concentrations, the volumetrically expanding liquid matrix remains in a nonequilibrium state during the entire foaming period, resulting in significant foam decay from top. This increases the final foam cell density and decreases the plateau border thickness at bottom. In the polymeric phase of castor oil based foams, the fraction of monodentate urea increases at the cost of non‐hydrogen bonded urea. These monodentate urea domains undergo flocculation in foams synthesized completely from castor oil, thus prominently modifying the segmented morphology. The glass transition temperature of soft segments of partially substituted foams shows moderate increase, with indications of phase mixing between the polyether and castor oil generated urethane domains. Foams synthesized entirely from castor oil have significant sol fraction due to unreacted oligomers. The microscopic alterations in polymeric phase reduce the elastic recovery of partially substituted castor oil foams compared to its viscous dissipation under an applied stress. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40668.
Thiocarbohydrazide‐modified chitosan as anticorrosion and metal ion adsorbent
Authors: Li Man‐Lin , Li Rong‐Hua , Xu Juan , Han Xiang , Yao Tian‐Yu , Wang Jinyi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTTo explore the application of chitosan (CS) derivatives in anticorrosion and adsorption, thiocarbohydrazide‐modified chitosan (TCHECS) derivative was synthesized and characterized. The preliminary electrochemical measurements of the behaviors of 304 steel and Cu sheets in 2% HAc (v/v) containing TCHECS, chitosan (CS), and hydrazine cross‐linked epoxy‐N‐phthaloylchitosan (HECS) had been performed. The short‐term electrochemical tests show that the new compound can act as a mixed‐type metal anticorrosion inhibitor; its inhibition efficiency is 88% when the concentration was 30 mg/L. The preliminary adsorption studies for sorbents TCHECS and HECS on a metal ion mixture aqueous solution were also performed. The results show that TCHECS can absorb As (V), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) efficiently at pH 9; the removal of the As (V), Ni (II), Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) are around 55.6–99.9%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40671.
Camelina oil‐ and linseed oil‐based polymers with bisphosphonate crosslinks
Authors: Kasetaite Sigita , Ostrauskaite Jolita , Grazuleviciene Violeta , Svediene Jurgita , Bridziuviene Danguole 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNatural oils are the attractive biobased alternatives for petroleum derived chemicals in the production of polymers. A series of new biodegradable polymers based on epoxidized camelina oil was synthesized and investigated. The thermal, mechanical, swelling properties, hydrolysis, biodegradation, and bioresistance of the camelina oil‐based polymers with bisphosphonate crosslinks were studied and compared with those of the analogous polymers based on epoxidized linseed oil. The dependence of the polymer properties on the density of crosslinks was observed. The obtained results showed that the properties of the camelina oil‐based polymers are comparable with those of the linseed oil‐based polymers and that camelina oil is a promising starting material for the synthesis of polymers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40683.
Process Development from Laboratory to Miniplant Scale: Hydroformylation of 1‐Dodecene in Thermomorphic Solvent Systems
Authors: Zagajewski Michael , Dreimann Jens , Behr Arno 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDie Anwendung thermomorpher Mehrkomponenten‐Lösungsmittelsysteme in chemischen Prozessen kann die Effektivität und Wirtschaftlichkeit homogen katalysierter Verfahren erheblich steigern. Die Ausnutzung einer stark temperaturabhängigen Mischungslücke von ausgewählten Lösungsmittelkombinationen ermöglicht eine einphasige Reaktionsführung und eine anschließende Katalysatorabtrennung mittels Flüssig/Flüssig‐Zweiphasentechnik. Dieses elegante Katalyseprinzip wurde am Beispiel der rhodiumkatalysierten Hydroformylierung von 1‐Dodecen in einer kontinuierlich betriebenen Miniplant im Langzeitbetrieb untersucht.
Genomic replacement of nativeCobitis lutheriwith introducedC. tetralineatathrough a hybrid swarm following the artificial connection of river systems
Authors: Kwan Ye‐Seul , Ko Myeong‐Hun , Won Yong‐Jin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRiver connections via artificial canals will bring about secondary contacts between previously isolated fish species. Here, we present a genetic consequence of such a secondary contact betweenCobitisfish species,C. lutheriin the Dongjin River, andC. tetralineatain the Seomjin River in Korea. The construction of water canals about 80 years ago has unidirectionally introducedC. tetralineatainto the native habitat ofC. lutheri, and then these species have hybridized in the main stream section of the Dongjin River. According to the divergence population genetic analyses ofDNAsequence data, the two species diverged about 3.3 million years ago, which is interestingly coincident with the unprecedented paleoceanographic change that caused isolations of the paleo‐river systems in northeast Asia due to sea‐level changes around the late Pliocene. Multilocus genotypic data of nine microsatellites and three nuclear loci revealed an extensively admixed structure in the hybrid zone with a high proportion of various post‐F1 hybrids. Surprisingly, pure nativeC. lutheriwas absent in the hybrid zone in contrast to the 7% of pureC. tetralineata. Such a biased proportion must have resulted from the dominant influence of continually introducingC. tetralineataon the nativeC. lutheriwhich has no supply of natives from other tributaries to the hybrid zone due to numerous low‐head dams. In addition, mating experiments indicated that there is no discernible reproductive isolation between them. All the results suggest that the gene pool of nativeC. lutheriis being rapidly replaced by that of continually introducingC. tetralineatathrough a hybrid swarm for the last 80 years, which will ultimately lead to the genomic extinction of natives in this hybrid zone.
Tolerability of the capsaicin 8% patch following pretreatment with lidocaine or tramadol in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain: A multicentre, randomized, assessor‐blinded study
Authors: Jensen T.S. , Høye K. , Fricová J. , Vanelderen P. , Ernault E. , Siciliano T. , Marques S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundApplication of the capsaicin 8% patch is associated with treatment‐related discomfort. Consequently, pretreatment for 60 min with anaesthetic cream is recommended; however, this may be uncomfortable and time consuming.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, randomized (1:1), assessor‐blinded study in patients with peripheral neuropathic pain to assess tolerability of the capsaicin patch following topical lidocaine (4%) or oral tramadol (50 mg) pretreatment. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients tolerating capsaicin patch application (ability to receive ≥90% of a 60‐min application). Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores were assessed before, during and after treatment.ResultsOverall, 122 patients were included (61 per arm). The capsaicin patch was tolerated by 121 patients. Tolerability of the capsaicin patch was similar following pretreatment with lidocaine and tramadol. Following patch application, pain levels increased up to 55 min (change from baseline of 1.3 for lidocaine and 1.4 for tramadol). After patch removal, tramadol‐treated patients experienced greater pain relief up to the end of day 1; in the evening, mean changes in NPRS scores from baseline were 0 for lidocaine and −1 for tramadol. Proportions of patients reporting increases of ≥2 NPRS points or >33% from baseline at one or more time point(s) on the day of treatment were similar between arms. Adverse event incidence was comparable between arms.ConclusionsCapsaicin 8% patch tolerability was similar in the two arms, with comparable results for most secondary endpoints. Tramadol given 30 min before patch application should be considered as an alternative pretreatment option in patients receiving capsaicin patch treatment.
Polycaprolactone–thiophene‐conjugated carbon nanotube meshes as scaffolds for cardiac progenitor cells
Authors: Wickham Abeni M. , Islam M. Mirazul , Mondal Debasish , Phopase Jaywant , Sadhu Veera , Tamás Éva , Polisetti Naresh , Richter‐Dahlfors Agneta , Liedberg Bo , Griffith May 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe myocardium is unable to regenerate itself after infarct, resulting in scarring and thinning of the heart wall. Our objective was to develop a patch to buttress and bypass the scarred area, while allowing regeneration by incorporated cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CPCs). Polycaprolactone (PCL) was fabricated as both sheets by solvent casting, and fibrous meshes by electrospinning, as potential patches, to determine the role of topology in proliferation and phenotypic changes to the CPCs. Thiophene‐conjugated carbon nanotubes (T‐CNTs) were incorporated to enhance the mechanical strength. We showed that freshly isolated CPCs from murine hearts neither attached nor spread on the PCL sheets, both with and without T‐CNT. As electrospun meshes, however, both PCL and PCL/T‐CNT supported CPC adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The incorporation of T‐CNT into PCL resulted in a significant increase in mechanical strength but no morphological changes to the meshes. In turn, proliferation, but not differentiation, of CPCs into cardiomyocytes was enhanced in T‐CNT containing meshes. We have shown that changing the topology of PCL, a known hydrophobic material, dramatically altered its properties, in this case, allowing CPCs to survive and differentiate. With further development, PCL/T‐CNT meshes or similar patches may become a viable strategy to aid restoration of the postmyocardial infarction myocardium. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B, 102B: 1553–1561, 2014.
Morphological changes produced by acid dissolution in Er:YAG laser irradiated dental enamel
Authors: Manuela Díaz‐Monroy Jennifer , Contreras‐Bulnes Rosalía , Fernando Olea‐Mejía Oscar , Emma Rodríguez‐Vilchis Laura , SÁnchez‐Flores Ignacio 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral scientific reports have shown the effects of Er:YAG laser irradiation on enamel morphology. However, there is lack of information regarding the morphological alterations produced by the acid attack on the irradiated surfaces. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes produced by acid dissolution in Er:YAG laser irradiated dental enamel. Forty‐eight enamel samples were divided into four groups (n = 12). GI (control); Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with Er:YAG at 100 mJ (12.7 J/cm2), 200 mJ (25.5 J/cm2), and 300 mJ (38.2 J/cm2), respectively, at 10 Hz without water irrigation. Enamel morphology was evaluated before‐irradiation, after‐irradiation, and after‐acid dissolution, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Sample coating was avoided and SEM analysis was performed in a low‐vacuum mode. To facilitate the location of the assessment area, a reference point was marked. Morphological changes produced by acid dissolution of irradiated enamel were observed, specifically on laser‐induced undesired effects. These morphological changes were from mild to severe, depending on the presence of after‐irradiation undesired effects. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:410–414, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of the Ti/Al/Pt/Au and Ti/Au contact materials on the N‐face surface of oxygen doped GaN
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Lung , Fu Yi‐Keng , Chen Hung‐Tse , Chou Chin‐Hsueh , Xuan Rong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTi/Al/Pt/Au and Ti/Au ohmic contact materials on the N‐face surface of oxygen doped GaN (GaN:O) were investigated by measuring the specific contact resistivity (ρc) with respect to annealing temperature. Ti/Au contact showed good ohmic property in contrast to Ti/Al/Pt/Au contact on the N‐face surface of GaN:O. Based on the x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results, we found that the formation of N‐Al bonds with the increase of annealing treatment temperature and the increase of upward band bending near the N‐face GaN:O surface might lead to an increase in the effective Schottky barrier high, resulting in an increase in the ρc of N‐face GaN:O. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunable thermal quenching of photoluminescence in GaN
Authors: Reshchikov M. A. , McNamara J. D. , Shahedipour‐Sandvik F. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this work, we report the observation of abrupt and tunable thermal quenching of photoluminescence (PL) in high‐resistivity, undoped GaN. The ultraviolet luminescence (UVL) band in these samples exhibited abrupt and tunable quenching, which is similar to behavior observed for p ‐type GaN:Mg samples. Such behavior has never been observed for undoped GaN and was very rarely reported for other semiconductors. We describe the effect of temperature and excitation intensity on PL in undoped GaN with a phenomenological model involving three defect species. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Static and transient characteristics of GaN power HFETs with low‐conducting coating
Authors: Gaevski Mikhail , Deng Jianyu , Dobrinsky Alexander , Gaska Remigijus , Shur Michael , Simin Grigory 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report on a design of GaN based HFET with a low‐conducting layer (LCL) coating. The LCL coating dramatically improves the electric field uniformity and increases the breakdown voltage. A major advantage is consistent control of the breakdown characteristics, which is expected to dramatically improve yield and reliability. Initial experimental studies demonstrated a three‐fold increase in the breakdown voltage compared with conventional HFETs. The LCL also leads to a much more uniform underlying channel depletion evidenced by a significantly lower HFET channel capacitance in the off state for the HFET based RF switches. This results in a lower loss and higher isolation. Another advantage is a faster transient enabled by LCL, which should improve efficiency and reduce loss for power HFET switches.(© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Heteroepitaxial growth of non‐polar ZnO films on single crystal NdGaO3 (001) substrates by MOCVD
Authors: Kashiwaba Yasuhiro , Yokoyama Tai , Sakuma Mio , Abe Takami , Nakagawa Akira , Niikura Ikuo , Kashiwaba Yasube , Daibo Masahiro , Osada Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHigh‐quality non‐polar ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films were epitaxially grown on single crystal NdGaO3 (NGO) (001) substrates. The non‐polar ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition using Zn(C5H7O2)2 and O2 gas as starting materials. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) peaks of ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) plane were observed in XRD patterns of 2θ‐ω scans in all films. Rotation domains were not found in XRD φ scan patterns of ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films grown at a substrate temperature of 650 °C or less. XRD peaks of NGO (021) and ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $2) planes were observed at the same angle φ in the XRD φ scan patterns. The epitaxial relationship was ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0)// NGO (001) and ZnO [0001] // NGO [010]. Lattice mismatch values along the ZnO [0001] direction and along the ZnO (1$ \bar 1 $00) direction were 5.36% and –3.70%, respectively. Growth rate was drastically decreased at the substrate temperature over 650 °C. Striped patterns along the ZnO [0001] direction were observed in atomic force microscopy images of ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films grown at substrate temperatures of 600 and 650 °C. Emissions due to donor‐bound excitions were observed in photoluminescence spectra of ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films measured at 10 K. It is thought that NGO (001) substrates are useful for growth of high‐quality non‐polar ZnO (11$ \bar 2 $0) films. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Time‐of‐flight measurements on Schottky CdTe nuclear detectors
Authors: Suzuki Kazuhiko , Ichinohe Yoshihiro , Sawada Takayuki , Imai Kazuaki , Seto Satoru 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTemporal evolution of the time‐of‐flight current waveforms of Schottky CdTe nuclear detectors as a function of the DC bias duration has been measured at several different temperatures from 278 K to 315 K to investigate the nature of the defects responsible for the polarization phenomena. Three relaxation processes with time constants from less than a second to as long as about a thousand seconds at room temperature are involved in the evolution. Based on the observed temperature dependence, we have concluded that two out of three relaxation processes are attributed to the ionization of defects at 0.54 eV and 0.6 eV. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of a phenotypic assay for characterisation of ethanologenic yeast strain sensitivity to inhibitors released from lignocellulosic feedstocks
Authors: Greetham D , Wimalasena T , Kerruish D W M , Brindley S , Ibbett R N , Linforth R L , Tucker G , Phister T G , Smart K A 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Inhibitors released by the breakdown of plant cell walls prevent efficient conversion of sugar into ethanol. The aim of this study was to develop a fast and reliable inhibitor sensitivity assay for ethanologenic yeast strains. The assay comprised bespoke 96-well plates containing inhibitors in isolation or combination in a format that was compatible with the Phenotypic Microarray Omnilog reader (Biolog, hayward, CA, USA). A redox reporter within the assay permits analysis of inhibitor sensitivity in aerobic and/or anaerobic conditions. Results from the assay were verified using growth on spot plates and tolerance assays in which maintenance of viability was assessed. The assay allows for individual and synergistic effects of inhibitors to be determined. It was observed that the presence of both acetic and formic acid significantly inhibited the yeast strains assessed, although this impact could be partially mitigated by buffering to neutral pH. Scheffersomyces stipitis, Candida spp., and Pichia guilliermondii demonstrated increased sensitivity to short chain weak acids at concentrations typically present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. S. cerevisiae exhibited robustness to short chain weak acids at these concentrations. However, S. stipitis, Candida spp., and P. guilliermondii displayed increased tolerance to HMF when compared to that observed for S. cerevisiae. The results demonstrate that the phenotypic microarray assay developed in the current study is a valuable tool that can be used to identify yeast strains with desirable resistance to inhibitory compounds found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates.
Definition of culture conditions for Arxula adeninivorans, a rational basis for studying heterologous gene expression in this dimorphic yeast
Authors: Stöckmann Christoph , Palmen Thomas G , Schroer Kirsten , Kunze Gotthard , Gellissen Gerd , Büchs Jochen 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The yeast Arxula adeninivorans is considered to be a promising producer of recombinant proteins. However, growth characteristics are poorly investigated and no industrial process has been established yet. Though of vital interest for strain screening and production processes, rationally defined culture conditions remain to be developed. A cultivation system was evolved based on targeted sampling and mathematical analysis of rationally designed small-scale cultivations in shake flasks. The oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer rates were analyzed as conclusive online parameters. Oxygen limitation extended cultivation and led to ethanol formation in cultures supplied with glucose. Cultures were inhibited at pH-values below 2.8. The phosphorus demand was determined as 1.55 g phosphorus per 100 g cell dry weight. Synthetic SYN6 medium with 20 g glucose l−1 was optimized for cultivation in shake flasks by buffering at pH 6.4 with 140 mmol MES l−1. Optimized SYN6 medium and operating conditions provided non-limited cultivations without by-product formation. A maximal specific growth rate of 0.32 h−1 and short fermentations of 15 h were achieved. A pH optimum curve was derived from the oxygen transfer rates of differently buffered cultures, showing maximal growth between pH 2.8 and 6.5. Furthermore, it was shown that the applied medium and cultivation conditions were also suitable for non-limiting growth and product formation of a genetically modified A. adeninivorans strain expressing a heterologous phytase.