bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Buyer’s notice of third party claims
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter notes the responsibility of giving notice of third party claims indicated in Article 43. The buyer loses the right to rely on general defects or intellectual property rights if it does not notify the seller specifying the nature of the third party right or claim. The chapter expounds on the concept of reasonable time to notify the sellers about the defect on third party claims. If the buyer fails to give the notice of the defect under Article 43(1), it loses the right to depend on Articles 41 and 42 as well. However, the buyer retains its rights if the seller knew of the right or claim of the third party and the nature of it.
Buyer’s notice fixing additional time for performance
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter notes the fixing of additional period for performance in line with the rules indicated in Article 47. even without specific legal authorization, the buyer can set one or more additional periods of time for performance by the seller of any obligation regardless of whether it is a primary or secondary obligation. The chapter lists the considerations for fixing the length of the additional time such as the transmission period for the declaration fixing an additional period of time, the delivery circumstances, and the scope and nature of the seller’s obligation. The chapter also includes the burden of proof for buyers and sellers.
Price determination in case of open price contracts
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter centers on Article 55 which contains a default rule for the determination of the price where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price. It states that when this happens, the parties are considered to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned. The chapter touches on the controversial views on open price contracts. Then it looks at the scope of application of Article 55, noting that this only comes into play if the purchase price is neither determined nor determinable in accordance with Article 14.
Buyer’s obligation to preserve the goods
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the application of Article 87 if a party is obliged to preserve the goods by virtue of Articles 85 or 86. The party in question is entitled, but not obliged, to deposit the goods in a third person’s warehouse. It notes that in Article 87 there are no other conditions and the only limiting factor are the costs of warehousing. The chapter talks about the deposition in a warehouse, as with all other steps taken to preserve the goods, that is only admissible if the resulting costs are not unreasonable. If the amount expended on warehousing the goods exceeds that limit, that affects only the depositing party’s right to obtain reimbursement and the incurring of unreasonable expense does not lead to the risk of storage in a warehouse being transferred to the other party.
Extracorporeal Circulation in Neonatal Respiratory Failure
Authors: Baker Elizabeth , Davis Peter G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Using a randomized play-the-winner strategy, only 12 infants were needed to prove this study’s hypothesis that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), as compared with standard therapy, can reduce mortality for infants with birth weight &gt;2 kg and severe respiratory failure in the first week of life. According to an a priori stopping rule, the randomization was halted after 11 patients who had been randomized to ECMO all survived. Only one infant had been assigned to receive standard care and died. The study methodology was highly criticized and labelled a failure by some. However, similar conclusions have been drawn from subsequent randomized play-the-winner trials and more conventional trials.
Optimizing Feedback Culture and Experience in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Fromme H. Barrett , Paradise Black Nicole M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Feedback in the clinical setting is essential to learner growth and development in medical education. Despite that, feedback is one of the most challenging activities that teachers do in clinical practice with their learners. Lack of feedback can have a detrimental effect on learners and, ultimately, patients. Fortunately, there are simple approaches that individual clinical teachers can take to enhance the feedback they give. This chapter describes evidence-based feedback strategies that enhance feedback culture. Feedback should be viewed beyond the content that is provided and instead seen as a continual coaching process of guided self-assessment with the learner, direct observation, feedback delivery, and a plan for follow-up. Learners should be engaged in and engage themselves throughout the process. Frameworks are offered to make content delivery more learner-centered and robust.
Coaching, Mentoring, and Advising
Authors: Deutsch Nina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While the terms “mentoring,” “advising,” and “coaching” are often used interchangeably, they describe very different processes. Often, these concepts are thought of on a continuum. Mentoring is at one end of the spectrum and involves the sharing of advice and expertise related to common interests between the mentor and mentee. Coaching is at the other end of the continuum and involves facilitated exploration of specific task-related issues. Advising involves the sharing of expertise at a granular level and episodically. Timeframes, styles, and formality vary along this continuum as well. Sponsorship, in which a person with significant influence on decision-making processes within an organization is publicly advocating for the career advancement of another, continues to be recognized as an important entity for women and underrepresented individuals. A network of all these individuals is key to future success.
Confidentiality of Patient Information
Authors: Tan Jonathan M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was passed in 1996 with the intent of expanding the number of Americans with health insurance and making the delivery of healthcare more efficient. It contains three main provisions: portability, tax, and administrative simplification. Portability was designed to prevent individuals from losing healthcare coverage due to a preexisting condition when changing to a new health plan. The tax provision was designed to make health insurance more affordable through tax breaks and incentives. Administrative simplification was designed to simplify and standardize the process and use of electronic health information. The privacy component is known as the Privacy Rule and applies to individuals and organizations transmitting health information during normal healthcare practice. The Privacy Rule designates all personally identifiable health information as protected, otherwise known as protected health information (PHI). Eighteen identifiers constitute private health information, or PHI. The privacy rule extends to cover research activities as well. In general, public health needs are exempt from HIPAA regulations. Breaches in patient privacy and PHI are serious and costly events with legal and financial ramifications for individuals, health systems, and other entities covered by the rule.
Developmental Social Neuroscience
Authors: Harris James C. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Developmental social neuroscience studies the development and neural underpinnings of social behavior. It seeks to specify the evolutionary, neural, hormonal, cellular, and genetic mechanisms underlying social behavior. This chapter reviews the findings of evolutionary biology and social behavior with emphasis on mutual aid as the driving force in evolution. Development takes place in the context of the family. Experience expectant systems include preference for human faces. Social skills including empathy, goal-based imitation, and face-specific processing are gradually refined. Emotion regulation evolves with the maturation of the automatic nervous system. Cortical self-regulation is accomplished with effortful control as the cortex matures. Social attachment is a developmental milestone and is facilitated by release of oxytocin and vasopressin during infancy.
Chemical models of interstellar glycine and adenine precursor aminoacetonitrile (NH2CH2CN)
Authors: Zhang Xia , Quan Donghui , Li Xiaohu , Esimbek Jarken , Li Fangfang , Zhou Yan , Li Dalei 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Aminoacetonitrile (AAN), also known as glycinenitrile, has been suggested as a possible precursor of glycine and adenine in the interstellar medium. Here, we present the chemical modelling of AAN and its isomers in hot cores using the three-phase chemical model NAUTILUS with the addition of over 300 chemical reactions of the three AAN isomers and related species. Our models predicted a peak gas-phase abundance of AAN reaching the order of 10$^{-8}$, which is consistent with observation towards Sgr B2(N). Regarding the reaction pathways of AAN and its isomers, we found that AAN is primarily formed via free radical reactions on grain surfaces during the early evolutionary stages. Subsequently, it is thermally desorbed into the gas phase as the temperature rises and is then destroyed by positive ions and radicals in gas phase. The isomers of AAN are formed through the hydrogenation reaction of CH$_3$NCN on the grain surface and via electron recombination reactions of ion C$_2$H$_5$N$_2^+$ in gas phase. We speculate that there is a possibility for NCCN and AAN to react with each other, eventually leading to the formation of adenine in hot cores. However, further investigation is required to understand the efficiency of grain surfaces in adenine formation, through theoretical calculations or laboratory experiments in future research.
DANTE and DANTE_LTR: lineage-centric annotation pipelines for long terminal repeat retrotransposons in plant genomes
Authors: Novák Petr , Hoštáková Nina , Neumann Pavel , Macas Jiří 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons constitute a predominant class of repetitive DNA elements in most plant genomes. With the increasing number of sequenced plant genomes, there is an ongoing demand for computational tools facilitating efficient annotation and classification of LTR retrotransposons in plant genome assemblies. Herein, we introduce DANTE, a computational pipeline for Domain-based ANnotation of Transposable Elements, designed for sensitive detection of these elements via their conserved protein domain sequences. The identified protein domains are subsequently inputted into the DANTE_LTR pipeline to annotate complete element sequences by detecting their structural features, such as LTRs, in adjacent genomic regions. Leveraging domain sequences allows for precise classification of elements into phylogenetic lineages, offering a more granular annotation compared with coarser conventional superfamily-based classification methods. The efficiency and accuracy of this approach were evidenced via annotation of LTR retrotransposons in 93 plant genomes. Results were benchmarked against several established pipelines, showing that DANTE_LTR is capable of identifying significantly more intact LTR retrotransposons. DANTE and DANTE_LTR are provided as user-friendly Galaxy tools accessible via a public server (https://repeatexplorer-elixir.cerit-sc.cz), installable on local Galaxy instances from the Galaxy tool shed or executable from the command line.
Progerin mRNA expression in non-HGPS patients is correlated with widespread shifts in transcript isoforms
Authors: Yu Reynold , Xue Huijing , Lin Wanru , Collins Francis S , Mount Stephen M , Cao Kan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disease caused primarily by a C1824T mutation in LMNA. This mutation activates a cryptic splice donor site, producing a lamin variant called progerin. Interestingly, progerin has also been detected in cells and tissues of non-HGPS patients. Here, we investigated progerin expression using publicly available RNA-seq data from non-HGPS patients in the GTEx project. We found that progerin expression is present across all tissue types in non-HGPS patients and correlated with telomere shortening in the skin. Transcriptome-wide correlation analyses suggest that the level of progerin expression is correlated with switches in gene isoform expression patterns. Differential expression analyses show that progerin expression is correlated with significant changes in genes involved in splicing regulation and mitochondrial function. Interestingly, 5′ splice sites whose use is correlated with progerin expression have significantly altered frequencies of consensus trinucleotides within the core 5′ splice site. Furthermore, introns whose alternative splicing correlates with progerin have reduced GC content. Our study suggests that progerin expression in non-HGPS patients is part of a global shift in splicing patterns.
Neuroanatomical profiles of cognitive phenotypes in patients with primary brain tumors
Authors: Kohli Jiwandeep S , Reyes Anny , Hopper Austin , Stasenko Alena , Menendez Natalia , Tringale Kathryn R , Salans Mia , Karunamuni Roshan , Hattangadi-Gluth Jona A , McDonald Carrie R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with brain tumors demonstrate heterogeneous patterns of cognitive impairment, likely related to multifactorial etiologies and variable tumor-specific factors. Cognitive phenotyping offers a patient-centered approach to parsing heterogeneity by classifying individuals based on patterns of impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroanatomical patterns associated with each phenotype to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying impairments.

Methods
Patients with primary brain tumors were recruited for a prospective, observational study. Patients were cognitively phenotyped using latent profile analysis in a prior study, revealing 3 distinct groups: generalized, isolated verbal memory, and minimal impairment. Whole brain cortical thickness (CT), fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity (MD) were compared across phenotypes, and associations between imaging metrics and cognitive scores were explored.

Results
Neurocognitive, structural MRI, and diffusion MRI data were available for 82 participants at baseline. Compared to the minimal impairment group, the generalized impairment group showed a widespread, bi-hemispheric pattern of decreased CT (P-value range: .004–.049), while the verbal memory impairment group showed decreased CT (P-value range: .006–.049) and increased MD (P-value range: .015–.045) bilaterally in the temporal lobes. In the verbal memory impairment group only, increased parahippocampal MD was associated with lower verbal memory scores (P-values &lt; .01).

Conclusions
Cognitive phenotypes in patients with brain tumors showed unique patterns of brain pathology, suggesting different underlying mechanisms of their impairment profiles. These distinct patterns highlight the biological relevance of our phenotyping approach and help to identify areas of structural and microstructural vulnerability that could inform treatment decisions.
Breadth versus depth: whole transcriptome sequencing has reduced sensitivity for detection of clinically relevant fusions compared to RNA comprehensive genomic profiling
Authors: Keller-Evans Rachel B , Munafo Daniela , Ross Tristen , Rudawsky Sarah , Savol Andrej , Huang Richard S P 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While there is great potential for unbiased next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches—eg, whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS)—for exploration, discovery, and clinical application in the realm of oncology, there are limitations that should be considered when relying on these methodologies for clinical decision making. When using WTS for the detection of clinically relevant gene fusions in tumor specimens, a key consideration is whether a limited coverage depth (approximately 30-50X) is sufficient for detecting these events, especially in samples with low tumor purity. We demonstrate the reduced sensitivity of both a commercial WTS assay for the detection of clinically relevant fusions in analytical validation control samples and of a research use only (RUO) WTS assay for the detection of clinically relevant fusions in real-world clinical samples compared to RNA comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP). Notably, the RUO WTS assay would not have reported 30% (6/20) of fusions detected using RNA CGP assays in fusion-positive tumor samples, highlighting a potential disadvantage of broader sequencing.
Confronting Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model Flat Direction Inflation with Planck/BICEP Data
Authors: Haba Naoyuki , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Tanabe Yoshihiro , Yamada Toshifumi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the scenario of inflection point inflation where a flat direction of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) is identified with the inflaton. Specifically, we consider in full generality the cases where an MSSM flat direction is lifted by a higher-dimensional superpotential whose dimension is $n=4,5,6,7,9$. We confront the inflection point inflation scenarios with various n with the Planck and BICEP data, and thereby constrain the soft supersymmetry breaking mass and the coefficient of the higher-dimensional operator that lifts the flat direction.
An unidentified yet notable modification on INa and IK(DR) caused by ramelteon
Authors: Wu Po‐Ming , Tu Yi‐Fang , Cho Hsin‐Yen , Yu Meng‐Cheng , Wu Yen‐Hsien , Wu Sheng‐Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite advancement in anti‐seizure medications, 30% of patients continue to experience recurrent seizures. Previous data indicated the antiepileptic properties of melatonin and its agonists in several animal models. However, the underlying mechanisms of melatonin and its agonists on cellular excitability remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated the electrophysiological changes of two main kinds of ion channels that are responsible for hyperexcitability of neurons after introduction of melatonin agonists‐ ramelteon (RAM). In Neuro‐2a cells, the amplitude of voltage‐gated Na+ (INa) and delayed‐rectifier K+ currents (IK (DR)) could be suppressed under RAM. The IC50 values of 8.7 and 2.9 μM, respectively. RAM also diminished the magnitude of window Na+ current (INa (W)) elicited by short ascending ramp voltage, with unchanged the overall steady‐state current–voltage relationship. The decaying time course of INa during a train of depolarizing pulses arose upon the exposure to RAM. The conditioning train protocol which blocked INa fitted the recovery time course into two exponential processes and increased the fast and slow time constant of recovery the presence of RAM. In pituitary tumor (GH3) cells, INa amplitude was also effectively suppressed by the RAM. In addition, GH3‐cells exposure to RAM decreased the firing frequency of spontaneous action potentials observed under current‐clamp conditions. As a result, the RAM‐mediated effect on INa was closely associated with its ability to decrease spontaneous action potentials. Collectively, we found the direct attenuation of INa and IK (DR) caused by RAM besides the agonistic action on melatonin receptors, which could partially explain its anti‐seizure activity.
Burden of cancers in six female organs in China and worldwide
Authors: Tan Nuopei , Wu You , Li Bin , Chen Wanqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cancers in female organs remain a substantial burden in China and worldwide. GLOBOCAN 2022 has recently updated the estimates of cancer burden. This study aims to depict the profiles of disease burden and to compare the age-specific rates of cancers in female organs in China with those in other countries.

Methods:
The latest estimates of incidence and mortality of cancers in female organs from various regions and countries were extracted from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database. We compared the proportion of total cases or deaths for cancers affecting six female organs and other tumor types in China and globally. Correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) or age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the Human Development Index (HDI). Additionally, age-specific rate curves were plotted for ten exemplary countries with different income levels.

Results:
Globally, there are varying burdens of female organ cancers, with higher incidence rates in Northern America and elevated rates of cervical cancer in Africa. Female organ cancers in China remain a significant burden due to their large proportion of the six tumors. A positive correlation between socioeconomic development and the incidence of breast, uterine corpus, ovarian, and vulvar cancers was noted, whereas a negative association between the HDI tiers and mortality rates was found for cervical and vaginal cancers. In 2022, Chinese women aged 50–54 years are experiencing high incidence rates of breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri, and ovarian cancers.

Conclusions:
Cancers in female organs continue to be a significant health concern for women in China and worldwide. It is crucial to implement comprehensive prevention strategies tailored to address the increasing trend among younger individuals and reduce regional disparities.
A Very Rare Salivary Gland Tumor: Sialoblastoma
Authors: Zinaw Dagmawi G. , Berhea Ataklitie B. , Aydeferu Endale K. , Beyera Tigist D. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Children seldom develop salivary gland tumors, which account for less than 5% of all salivary gland tumors. In total, 10%–15% of these neoplasms arise from the submandibular, sublingual, and small salivary glands, with the parotid gland accounting for the majority of cases. We describe a case of sialoblastoma in a 2-year-old female Ethiopian child who had a history of right cheek swelling gradually from birth. The mass had a firm consistency and was fungating in the center. In the right parotid gland and masticator space, a large lobulated irregular heterogeneously enhancing mass was discovered by magnetic resonance imaging. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the mass was suspicious of malignant salivary gland neoplasm. Radical parotidectomy and level I–IV neck lymph node dissection, followed by deltopectoral flap reconstruction, were done. The histopathology depicted sialoblastoma. When a parotid gland lesion is known to be congenital or is thought to be so, sialoblastoma should always be considered.