bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero‐Fluoroscopy Ablation of Accessory Pathways in Children and Adolescents: CARTO3 Electroanatomic Mapping Combined with RF and Cryoenergy
Authors: Scaglione Marco , Ebrille Elisa , Caponi Domenico , Siboldi Alessandra , Bertero Giovanni , Di Donna Paolo , Gabbarini Fulvio , Raimondo Cristina , Di Clemente Francesca , Ferrato Paolo , Marasini Maurizio , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundFluoroscopic catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias in pediatric patients exposes the patients to the potential risk of radiation considering the sensitivity of this population and its longer life expectancy. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of accessory pathway (AP) ablation guided by CARTO3 electroanatomic mapping (EAM) system with both cryoenergy and radiofrequency (RF) energy in order to avoid x‐ray exposure in pediatric patients.MethodsWe included 44 patients (mean age: 13.1 ± 3.3 years); nine of 44 presented concealed AP. An electrophysiological study with a three‐dimensional EAM reconstruction was performed in every patient with a venous transfemoral direct right atrium approach or an arterial transfemoral retrograde approach to reach the mitral annulus. In two patients with left‐sided AP, the ablation was performed via a patent foramen ovale.ResultsA total of 47 APs were present, left sided in 45% (21/47) of cases (15 lateral, one anterior, three posteroseptal, and two posterolateral) and right sided in 55% (26/47; one anterior, three anterolateral, one posterolateral, three lateral, five para‐Hisian, 12 posteroseptal, and one anteroseptal). Ablation without the use of fluoroscopy was successfully performed in every patient (33 with RF and in 11 with cryoenergy). No complication occurred. At a mean follow‐up of 16.0 ± 11.7 months, we observed seven recurrences, three of them successfully re‐ablated without fluoroscopy. In one case cryoablation of a para‐Hisian AP was ineffective in the long term.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional EAM allowed a safe and effective fluoroless AP ablation procedure in a pediatric population both with RF and cryoenergy.
Long‐term efficacy of bevacizumab and irinotecan in recurrent pediatric glioblastoma
Authors: Umeda Katsutsugu , Shibata Hirofumi , Saida Satoshi , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Arakawa Yoshiki , Mizowaki Takashi , Nishiuchi Ritsuo , Adachi Souichi , Heike Toshio , Watanabe Ken‐Ichiro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA 5‐year‐old boy with glioblastoma relapsed soon after postoperative irradiation in combination with temozolomide. Second‐line chemotherapy was also ineffective; therefore, the bevacizumab and irinotecan were given after a third gross‐total resection of the tumor. Treatment was interrupted for 1 month due to development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, but was re‐initiated at a lower dose of bevacizumab with prolonged intervals between treatments. The patient was alive and disease free 2 years after initial diagnosis. Bevacizumab and irinotecan are a promising regimen for pediatric cases of recurrent glioblastoma after gross‐total resection, although the optimal treatment schedule must be determined on a patient‐by‐patient basis.
Membranous nephropathy presenting with nephrotic syndrome in a child with thalassemia major
Authors: Yavuz Sevgi , Anarat Ali , Bayazıt Aysun Karabay , Karagun Barbaros Şahin , Yılmaz Sema , Kılınc Yurdanur , Gonlusen Gulfiliz , Kuyucu Yurdun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFew data on the renal effects of thalassemia syndrome are available in the literature. Recent clinical studies identified proximal tubular damage and glomerular filtration abnormalities in thalassemia. Iron‐chelating agents might be nephrotoxic as well, but proven glomerular injury, either due to anemia or chelating therapy, has not previously been demonstrated in thalassemia patients. Here, we report the first thalassemia patient presenting with nephrotic syndrome to be diagnosed with membranous nephropathy in the literature.
Effectiveness of professional training in bereavement care: Survey of Japanese pediatricians supporting families who have lost a child
Authors: Setou Noriko , Sakaguchi Yukihiro , Kurokawa Kayoko , Takada Satoshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of professional training in bereavement care.MethodWe mailed a questionnaire to 554 Japanese pediatricians. It asked about demographic characteristics, personal support experiences, professional training, psychological distress, recognition of high risk after a child's death, and eight items relating to awareness in bereavement care. We divided the subjects into two groups based on the presence or absence of professional training and compared them on the basis of each item (χ2 test), and conducted logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 239 respondents, 193 (80.8%) had performed bereavement care. The final number included in the analysis was 175, after excluding responses with missing data. A total of 46 respondents (26.3%) had attended bereavement care training. The subjects who had had training were more likely to recognize those at high risk for poor psychological recovery, have information about support groups, have a desire to study bereavement care, and understand the necessity of cooperation with mental health specialists.ConclusionMany pediatricians had personally provided support for the bereaved. On logistic analysis, it was considered that four factors (recognition of high risk for poor recovery, information about support, desire to study, and cooperation with professionals) were significantly associated with the professional training. There were no significant differences, however, in psychological distress, helplessness, and fatigue. Training programs related to stress management must be improved for pediatricians who feel high levels of psychological distress.
Fluorescence Properties of Diphenylthiazolo[4,5‐b]pyrazines Tuned by Donor‐Acceptor Substituent Effects
Authors: Nakagawa Tatsuki , Yamaji Minoru , Maki Shojiro , Niwa Haruki , Hirano Takashi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFluorescence properties of 2,6‐ and 2,5‐diphenylthiazolo[4,5‐b]pyrazine (TPy) derivatives having an electron‐donating substituent (methoxy and dimethylamino) on the 6‐ and 5‐phenyl groups were studied. It was found that 2,6‐diphenyl derivatives fluoresce more efficiently than 2,5‐diphenyl derivatives. Furthermore, a 2,6‐diphenyl derivative having an additional cyano group on the 2‐phenyl ring was an excellent fluorophore showing a wide solvatochromism with great fluorescence yields. Based on the obtained spectroscopic data and mechanistic explanations concerning the substituent effects on the fluorescence properties, useful information on designing new TPy fluorophores is provided.
Exosome‐transported microRNAs of helminth origin: new tools for allergic and autoimmune diseases therapy?
Authors: Siles‐Lucas M. , Morchon R. , Simon F. , Manzano‐Roman R. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryChronic diseases associated with inflammation show fast annual increase in their incidence. This has been associated with excessive hygiene habits that limit contacts between the immune system and helminth parasites. Helminthic infections induce regulation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Treg) leading to atypical Th2 type immune responses, with downregulation of the inflammatory component usually associated with these type of responses. Many cells, including those of the immune system, produce extracellular vesicles called exosomes which mediate either immune stimulation (DCs) or immune modulation (T cells). The transfer of miRNAs contained in T‐cell exosomes has been shown to contribute to downregulate the production of inflammatory mediators. It has been recently described the delivery to the host–parasite interface of exosomes containing miRNAs by helminths and its internalization by host cells. In this sense, helminth microRNAs transported in exosomes and internalized by immune host cells exert an important role in the expansion of Treg cells, resulting in the control of inflammation. We here provide relevant information obtained in the field of exosomes, cell–cell communication and miRNAs, showing the high potential of helminth miRNAs delivered in exosomes to host cells as new therapeutic tools against diseases associated with exacerbated inflammatory responses.
Heterologous expression of mitochondria‐targeted microbial nitrilase enzymes increases cyanide tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Molojwane E. , Adams N. , Sweetlove L. J. , Ingle R. A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAnthropogenic activities have resulted in cyanide (CN) contamination of both soil and water in many areas of the globe. While plants possess a detoxification pathway that serves to degrade endogenously generated CN, this system is readily overwhelmed, limiting the use of plants in bioremediation. Genetic engineering of additional CN degradation pathways in plants is one potential strategy to increase their tolerance to CN. Here we show that heterologous expression of microbial nitrilase enzymes targeted to the mitochondria increases CN tolerance in Arabidopsis. Root length in seedlings expressing either a CN dihydratase from Bacillus pumilis or a CN hydratase from Neurospora crassa was increased by 45% relative in wild‐type plants in the presence of 50 μm KCN. We also demonstrate that in contrast to its strong inhibitory effects on seedling establishment, seed germination of the Col‐0 ecotype of Arabidopsis is unaffected by CN.
Factors related to receipt of dental care in Eastern Iowa nursing facilities
Authors: Ghazal Tariq S. , Caplan Daniel J. , Cowen Howard J. , Oliveira Deise 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjective:To assess factors related to nursing facility residents’ receipt of dental treatment when it was offered on site.Methods:Screening forms that included demographic, general, and dental health information were obtained from residents of 10 nursing facilities in Eastern Iowa, and their dental procedure history for up to 7 years after screening was recorded. Residents were grouped as having received either no procedures; diagnostic procedures only; or nondiagnostic procedures.Results:Of the 586 residents, the mean age was 83.8 years at screening and 31.3% were edentulous. The odds of receiving nondiagnostic procedures were lower among residents who were older (OR = 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99) or edentulous (OR = 0.31, 95%CI 0.20–0.46), compared to those who received no dental procedures.Conclusions:Those who were older or edentulous had lower odds of receiving nondiagnostic dental procedures. Well‐designed prospective cohort studies are needed to better evaluate barriers to receipt of dental treatment among the institutionalized elderly.
Stall Inception and Development in an Axial Flow Aeroengine
Authors: Wilson Alexander G. , Freeman Chris 
Published: February 2015

This paper describes the phenomenon of stall and surge in an axial flow aeroengine using fast response static pressure measurements from the compressor of a Rolls-Royce VIPER engine. It details the growth of flow instability at various speeds, from a small zone of stalled fluid involving only a few blades into the violent surge motion of the entire machine.
Various observations from earlier theoretical and compressor rig results are confirmed by these new engine measurements. The main findings are as follows:
1. The point of stall inception moves rearwards as engine speed increases, and is shown to be simply related to the axial matching of the compressor.
2. The final unstable operation of the machine can be divided into rotating stall at low speed and surge or multiple surge at high speed.
3. The inception process is independent of whether the final unstable operation is rotating stall or multiple surge.
4. Stall/surge always starts as a circumferentially small flow disturbance, rotating around the annulus at some fraction of rotor speed.
Control Requirements for the RB 211 Low Emission Combustion System
Authors: Corbett Nicholas C. , Lines Norman P. 
Published: February 2015

The RB 211 DLE series staged, pre-mix, lean burn combustor, demands total integration of control system and combustion hardware.
The controls design process is described from the conception of the Engine Management System (EMS), which provides protection and control in separate environments, through to implementation of engine development testing.
The process of devising an acceptable fuelling strategy to each combustion stage is discussed. This identified the requirements for the computation of complex routines in order to control combustion zone temperatures.
The sensitivity of the control design to external conditions of humidity, ambient temperature and fuel composition are explored.
Extensive simulation was used to determine necessary instrumentation accuracies.
The paper concludes with a review of the development testing and the final control system configuration.
Design and Experimental Characterization of a Non Intrusive Measurement System of Rotating Blade Vibration
Authors: Nava P. , Paone N. , Rossi G. L. , Tomasini E. P. 
Published: February 2015

A measurement system for non-intrusive monitoring of rotating blade vibration in turbomachines based on fiber optic sensors is presented.
The design of the whole system is discussed; the development of special purpose sensors, their interfacing to the data acquisition system and the signal processing are outlined.
The processing algorithms are tested by software simulation for several possible blade vibrations.
Experimental tests performed on different bladed rotors are presented. Results are compared to simultaneous strain gauge measurements.
A Study of the Influence of Rubbing on the Dynamics of a Flexible Disk Rotor System
Authors: Wu Fangsheng , Flowers George T. 
Published: February 2015

This study is concerned with investigating the influence of lateral disk flexibility on the dynamics of a rotor system experiencing rub. A rotating, flexible continuous disk/shaft model was developed and the dynamical behavior of this system with and without rubbing was studied. The model developed in this study is similar to the Jeffcott rotor model except that the disk is treated as a laterally flexible continuous circular plate. The motion of the disk was transformed from physical coordinates to a set of generalized coordinates under which the generalized motion was uncoupled and the responses were calculated. Then the inertial moment acting on the shaft was computed and introduced into the governing equations of the shaft motion.
Direct integration and the harmonic balance method were used to study the steady state motion of the system. A number of parameter variation studies were performed for varied rub clearances and disk mass influence ratios. The system responses to the rub, its occurrence and development, and the global stability of the observed responses were studied.
The results show that rub can be classified into two types: light rub and heavy rub, and the light rub has the forms of forward, backward, or mixed whirling motion. The results also show that the disk flexibility may alter the critical speed to some degree and may also significantly affect the amplitude and stability of the rotor vibration.
Comparison of Coriolis and Turbine Type Flow Meters for Fuel Measurement in Gas Turbine Testing
Authors: MacLeod J. D. , Grabe W. 
Published: February 2015

The Machinery and Engine Technology (MET) Program of the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) has established a program for the evaluation of sensors to measure gas turbine engine performance accurately. The precise measurement of fuel flow is an essential part of steady-state gas turbine performance assessment. Prompted by an international engine testing and information exchange program, and a mandate to improve all aspects of gas turbine performance evaluation, the MET Laboratory has critically examined two types of fuel flowmeters, Coriolis and turbine. The two flowmeter types are different in that the Coriolis flowmeter measures mass flow directly, while the turbine flowmeter measures volumetric flow, which must be converted to mass flow for conventional performance analysis. The direct measurement of mass flow, using a Coriolis flowmeter, has many advantages in field testing of gas turbines, because it reduces the risk of errors resulting from the conversion process. Turbine flowmeters, on the other hand, have been regarded as an industry standard because they are compact, rugged, reliable, and relatively inexpensive.
This paper describes the project objectives, the experimental installation, and the results of the comparison of the Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters in steady-state performance testing. Discussed are variations between the two types of flowmeters due to fuel characteristics, fuel handling equipment, acoustic and vibration interference and installation effects. Also included in this paper are estimations of measurement uncertainties for both types of flowmeters.
Results indicate that the agreement between Coriolis and turbine type flowmeters is good over the entire steady-state operating range of a typical gas turbine engine. In some cases the repeatability of the Coriolis flowmeter is better than the manufacturers specification. Even a significant variation in fuel density (10%), and viscosity (300%), did not appear to compromise the ability of the Coriolis flowmeter to match the performance of the turbine flowmeter.
Periodicity and Repetivity of Unsteady Measurements of an Annular Turbine Cascade at Off Design Flow Conditions
Authors: Bölcs A. , Körbächer H. 
Published: February 2015

A two-dimensional section of a gas turbine cascade has been investigated experimentally in an annular non-rotating cascade facility as regards to its steady-state and time-dependent aerodynamic characteristics at off-design flow conditions. The blades vibrated in the first traveling wave bending mode.
Steady-state and unsteady data were obtained for an off-design incidence angle of about 22° and for an isentropic outlet Mach number of M2s=1.19. At this flow condition, a separation bubble was present on the suction surface close to the leading edge. A shock appeared at trans- and supersonic outlet flow conditions on the suction surface. The data showed high unsteady loads close to the leading edge and in the shock region. It was found that the steady and the unsteady pressures in the shock region on the blade surface seemed to be very sensitive to small changes in the flow conditions.
The periodicity and repetitivity of the steady and the unsteady pressures (σ=180°) was checked at several circumferential channel positions. This was done to figure out to which extend test data obtained in an annular ring channel can serve as a basis for the comparison with numerically obtained data.
The aim of this paper is to show where problems may arise when comparing calculated results with test data.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of Turbine Rotor Flow Including Tip Clearance
Authors: Heider R. , Duboue J. M. , Petot B. , Billonnet G. , Couaillier V. , Liamis N. 
Published: February 2015

A 3D Navier-Stokes investigation of a high pressure turbine rotor blade including tip clearance effects is presented.
The 3D Navier-Stokes code developed at ONERA solves the three-dimensional unsteady set of mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations by the finite volume technique. A one step Lax-Wendroff type scheme is used in a rotating frame of reference. An implicit residual smoothing technique has been implemented, which accelerates the convergence towards the steady state. A mixing length model adapted to 3D configurations is used.
The turbine rotor flow is calculated at transonic operating conditions. The tip clearance effect is taken into account. The gap region is discretized using more than 55,000 points within a multi-domain approach.
The solution accounts for the relative motion of the blade and casing surfaces. The total mesh is composed of five sub-domains and counts 710,000 discretization points. The effect of the tip clearance on the main flow is demonstrated. The calculation results are compared to a 3D inviscid calculation, without tip clearance.
Prediction of Invsicid Flow in Axial Turbines in Comparison With Measurements
Authors: Haspel N. , Mayer J. F. , Stetter H. 
Published: February 2015

A CFD code for simulation of 3D inviscid throughflow in turbine stages will be presented in this paper. The discretization is realized by a finite difference method applying a transformation procedure. The time dependent Enter equations are solved by the explicit time marching method of Lax, Wendroff and Richtmyer. The coupling between stator and rotor flow is achieved by circumferentially averaged flow data, enabling the simulation of low frequency flow fluctuations.
The flow through a gas turbine stator is simulated by the code. In this case secondary flow phenomena caused by a nonuniform inlet flow are of special interest. A throughflow calculation of the last stage of a LP steam turbine shows that the program is able to manage 3D complex transonic flows as well. The CFD results are compared in both cases with experimental data.
A Method for the Calculation of the Tip Clearance Flow Effects in Axial Flow Compressors: Part I — Description of Basic Models
Authors: Nikolos I. K. , Douvikas D. I. , Papailiou K. D. 
Published: February 2015

Theoretical models for the investigation of the phenomena connected with the tip clearance are presented. The mass flow rate through the gap, the formation and evolution of the leakage vortex and the losses occurring inside and downstream of the gap are considered.
Firstly, a model was developed for the description of the flow through the gap, which uses different simple velocity profiles at the gap exit. The model recognizes the basic flow characteristics inside the gap.
A new method is proposed for the calculation of the shed vorticity and the formation of the leakage vortex. The moment of momentum equation is used along with the conservation of mass, in order to provide the circulation of the leakage vortex.
A diffusion model for the vorticity distribution is used for the calculation of the pressure deficit field, so that the total pressure losses due to the presence of the leakage vortex, are derived. Theoretical results are compared to experimental ones for compressor and turbine cascades as well as for single rotors. The agreement between theory and experiment is good.
Expansion of USN Gas Turbine Repair Into the Intermediate Level Repair Facility
Authors: Hartranft John J. 
Published: February 2015

The USN gas turbine maintenance philosophy over the years has migrated from an “Upkeep by Exchange” philosophy to one that takes extensive advantage of engine modularity and the ability to repair it inplace to reduce life cycle support costs. This expansion of repair has taken place at the “Intermediate Level” of maintenance. It involves both internal engine repair aboard ship and module repair in the Intermediate Level maintenance facility. This takes maximum advantage of an aero gas turbine’s small, lightweight, internally accessible and modular design.
This new direction in maintenance has been driven mainly by the extensive size of the surface Navy’s gas turbine fleet and its projected repair costs. The end result has been an increase in engine availability and a minimal escalation in removals and repair and support costs as the fleet continues to expand and age. What has been learned is that cost savings are achievable when operator level, Intermediate Level and depot level maintenance are molded together with engineering to form a unified maintenance approach vice treating each of these as separate and distinct, noncommunicative entities.