bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parameter sharing fault data generation method based on diffusion model under imbalance data
Authors: Xiao Zhengming , Li Chengjunyi , Liu Tao , Liu Wenbin , Mo Shuai , Houjoh Haruo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rotating machinery will inevitably fail under long-term heavy load working conditions. Obtaining enough data to train the deep learning model can enable managers to detect and deal with related failures in time, which greatly improves the safety of equipment operation. Mechanical fault samples are often much smaller than healthy samples. Traditional data enhancement methods mostly change the original data, but cannot improve the diversity of its features, so that the number of fault samples becomes larger, but the features remain unchanged. Aiming at the above problems, a diffusion model based on parameter sharing and inverted bottleneck residual structure (DDPM) is proposed. Firstly, the diffusion process gradually covers the original data with Gaussian noise, to learn the corresponding fault characteristics of the original data. In the diffusion process, the parameter sharing attention mechanism is embedded in the learning process of the diffusion process. Then, the feature extraction module is constructed by using the inverted bottleneck residual structure to enhance the learning ability of the network. After obtaining the fault characteristics of the original data, the reverse process of the results restores the Gaussian noise to data with different fault characteristics through the same steps as the diffusion process. By comparing the results of various generation models and analyzing the characteristics of the generated data, the feasibility and universality of the proposed method in data augmentation tasks are verified.
Frictional resistance and delamination mechanisms in 2D tungsten diselenide revealed by multi-scale scratch and in-situ observations
Authors: Paul Tanaji , Dolmetsch Tyler , Lou Lihua , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Friction phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) materials are conventionally studied at atomic length scales in a few layers using low-load techniques. However, the advancement of 2D materials for semiconductor and electronic applications requires an understanding of friction and delamination at a few micrometers length scale and hundreds of layers. To bridge this gap, the present study investigates frictional resistance and delamination mechanisms in 2D tungsten diselenide (WSe2) at 10 µm length and 100–500 nm depths using an integrated atomic force microscopy (AFM), high-load nanoscratch, and in-situ scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations. AFM revealed a heterogenous distribution of frictional resistance in a single WSe2 layer originating from surface ripples, with the mean increasing from 8.7 to 79.1 nN as the imposed force increased from 20 to 80 nN. High-load in-situ nano-scratch tests delineated the role of the individual layers in the mechanism of multi-layer delamination under an SEM. Delamination during scratch consists of stick-slip motion with friction force increasing in each successive slip, manifested as increasing slope of lateral force curves with scratch depth from 10.9 to 13.0 (× 103) Nm−1. Delamination is followed by cyclic fracture of WSe2 layers where the puckering effect results in adherence of layers to the nanoscratch probe, increasing the local maximum of lateral force from 89.3 to 205.6 µN. This establishment of the interconnectedness between friction in single-layer and delamination at hundreds of layers harbors the potential for utilizing these materials in semiconductor devices with reduced energy losses and enhanced performance.
Bias-dependent photoresponse of Td-WTe2 grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Cao Yupeng , Cao Aiping , Li Shubing , Tang Jianli , Hu Rui , Shang Liyan , Li Yawei , Jiang Kai , Zhang Jinzhong , Zhu Liangqing , Hu Zhigao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The type-II Weyl semimetal Td-WTe2 is one of the wonder materials for high-performance optoelectronic devices. We report the self-powered Td-WTe2 photodetectors and their bias-dependent photoresponse in the visible region (405, 520, 638 nm) driven by the bulk photovoltaic effect. The device shows the responsivity of 15.8 mAW−1 and detectivity of 5.2 × 109 Jones at 520 nm. Besides, the response time of the WTe2 photodetector shows the strong bias-voltage dependent property. This work offers a physical reference for understanding the photoresponse process of Td-WTe2 photodetectors.
Photo-switching operation of MoS2 field effect transistor by photoisomerization of azobenzene in solution delivered on a microfluidic platform
Authors: Nasiruddin Md , Wang Zhipeng , Waizumi Hiroki , Afroz Fatema Tul , Takaoka Tsuyoshi , Sainoo Yasuyuki , Fukuyama Mao , Komeda Tadahiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Combining the photoisomerization of molecules with an electrical device is important for developing optoelectronic devices. Field effect transistors (FETs) with atomically thin channels are suitable for this purpose because the FET properties respond to chemical changes in molecules. Since the photoisomerization wavelength of the switching molecules can be tuned, complex logic operations can be realized if a specific molecule is delivered to the target FET of an integrated circuit. However, conventional techniques for transferring molecules, such as drop casting and sublimation, cannot efficiently realize this goal. In this study, we fabricated a MoS2 FET device combined with a microfluidic platform, wherein the MoS2 channel was in contact with the flow of an azobenzene solution in isopropyl alcohol as the solvent. UV radiation (365 nm) and thermal relaxation realize the cycle of trans- and cis-azobenzene states and the switching of the substantial FET properties. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using the solution for optical switching of the MoS2-FET, which can realize quick phase changes in the molecule and the delivery of the molecule to the target FET by a microfluidic platform.
Spatially confined synthesis of large-sized MoS2 nanosheets in molten KSCN toward efficient hydrogen evolution
Authors: Nan Kaikai , Chen Qing , Wang Zuhao , Cheng Long , Liu Dezheng , Du Hongfang , Lin Liangxu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Low-temperature KSCN molten salt is a promising technique to synthesize defect-rich MoS2 catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, owing to the fast ion diffusion rate for rapid crystal growth, the resultant catalysts show a morphology of microsphere, which aggregates from MoS2 nanosheets, to suppress the catalytic performance. In this work, large-sized few-layer MoS2 nanosheets are synthesized via a spatial confinement strategy by adding inert NaCl into the KSCN molten salt. With the NaCl spacer to physically block the long-distance ion diffusion and isolate the chemical reaction, the MoS2 nucleation and subsequent crystal growth could be controlled, guiding the nanosheets to grow along the narrow gap between the NaCl crystals to avoid aggregation. As a result, ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with a large geometry size are constructed. Profiting from the architecture to expose active sites and boost charge transfer kinetics, the large-sized few-layer MoS2 nanosheets exhibit an impressive HER performance, showing a small η
10 of 160 mV and a low Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1 with excellent stability. This work provides not only an efficient HER catalyst but also a facile spatial confinement technique to design and synthesize a large spectrum of transition metal sulfides for broad uses.
Sunlight-mediated removal of endocrine disruptors from wastewater using trimetallic core-shell Ag-TeO2@ZnO nanocomposites
Authors: Joshi Preeti , Patel Rajendra , Singh Aishwarya , Nenavathu Bhavani Prasad Naik , Sharma Manu , Verma Swati , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The current work emphasizes the preparation of trimetallic core-shell Ag–TeO2@ZnO nanocomposites (NCs) by thermo-mechanical method for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol and β-naphthol pollutants. FE-SEM shows that Ag and TeO2 nanoparticles are deposited on the surface of ZnO nanotubes. The band gap of pristine ZnO NPs and 5 wt% Ag–TeO2@ZnO nanocomposites are found to be 3.16 and 2.96 eV, respectively. The calculated specific surface area (SBET) of pristine ZnO NPs and 5 wt% Ag–TeO2@ZnO nanocomposites are 40.47 and 45.66 m2 g−1 respectively, confirming that Ag and TeO2 nanoparticles contribute to increasing in surface area of pure ZnO. The synthesised nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic performance for the degradation of β -naphthol (95.6%) in 40 min at the concentration of (0.6 mg ml−1) and 2,4-DCP (99.6%) in 180 min (0.4 mg ml−1) under natural sunlight. Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy were carried out to study the electrochemical properties. The determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) confirmed that the degradation of the pollutants by 5 wt% Ag–TeO2@ZnO NCs was due to the formation of superoxide radicals. Electron paramagnetic resonance revealed the presence of sharp signals in pure ZnO nanoparticles at g ∼1.95 and oxygen vacancy peak at g ∼2.01 in 5 wt% Ag–TeO2@ZnO NCs. To study the mechanism behind the degradation of pollutants, Scavenger test using histidine and ascorbic acid (ROS scavengers) was performed. The synthesised nanocomposites are highly stable and showed enhanced efficiency up to three cycles, confirming their reusability as a photocatalyst.
The dynamics of Lato Lato ball collisions
Authors: Wibowo Edy , Ulya Naily , Marwoto Putut , Suwandi  , Suproyogi  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Lato Lato is a toy that consists of two identical solid balls that are secured together with a rope and can be used as a learning tool in physics. In this study, we examined why the Lato Lato toy uses two balls with the same mass rather than balls with different masses. The collision of the two Lato Lato balls can be considered an elastic collision. The two balls move symmetrically at the same velocity and form a semi-circular route with opposing motion directions when we use Lato Lato with the same ball mass (

m
2

=

m
1

). The angular momentum of the two balls is also the same but in opposite directions, so they cancel each other out. Hence, the two balls travel steadily when Lato Lato is performed. This condition leads to a balanced movement of the Lato Lato system and prevents it from collapsing. On the other hand, because of their disparate masses (

m
2

>

m
1

), the two balls of Lato Lato move in an imbalanced manner. A lighter ball travels farther because it moves more quickly than a heavier ball. The angular momentum of the two balls is in opposite directions but not of the same magnitude, so they do not cancel each other out. This results in unstable movement of the two balls when Lato Lato is played. Therefore, the two balls no longer collide centrally, like in Lato Lato, with the same mass, but the collision is glancing. Then, the motion of the two balls facilitates collapse easily. This work can enrich students’ understanding of collisions beyond the collisions of two objects commonly discussed in textbooks.
One-step inverse generation network for sparse-view dual-energy CT reconstruction and material imaging
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Li Lei , Wang Shaoyu , Liang Ningning , Cai Ailong , Yan Bin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Sparse-view dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DECT) imaging is a challenging inverse problem. Due to the incompleteness of the collected data, the presence of streak artifacts can result in the degradation of reconstructed spectral images. The subsequent material decomposition task in DECT can further lead to the amplification of artifacts and noise. Approach. To address this problem, we propose a novel one-step inverse generation network (OIGN) for sparse-view dual-energy CT imaging, which can achieve simultaneous imaging of spectral images and materials. The entire OIGN consists of five sub-networks that form four modules, including the pre-reconstruction module, the pre-decomposition module, and the following residual filtering module and residual decomposition module. The residual feedback mechanism is introduced to synchronize the optimization of spectral CT images and materials. Main results. Numerical simulation experiments show that the OIGN has better performance on both reconstruction and material decomposition than other state-of-the-art spectral CT imaging algorithms. OIGN also demonstrates high imaging efficiency by completing two high-quality imaging tasks in just 50 seconds. Additionally, anti-noise testing is conducted to evaluate the robustness of OIGN. Significance. These findings have great potential in high-quality multi-task spectral CT imaging in clinical diagnosis.
System size scaling of triangularity effects on global temperature gradient-driven gyrokinetic simulations
Authors: Di Giannatale Giovanni , Bottino Alberto , Brunner Stephan , Murugappan Moahan , Villard Laurent 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we explore the triangularity effects on turbulent transport employing global gyrokinetic simulations performed with the ORB5 code. Numerous experiments on the Tokamak á Configuration Variable (TCV) and, more recently, on the DIII-D machine, have demonstrated superior confinement properties in L-mode of negative triangularity (NT) over positive triangularity (PT) configuration. This presents a particularly attractive scenario, as L-mode operation eliminates or significantly mitigates the presence of hazardous edge-localized modes (ELMs). However, a full theoretical understanding of all these observations remains elusive. Specifically, questions remain about how NT improvements can extend to the core where triangularity is very small, and whether these improvements can scale to larger devices. This paper addresses these two questions. Our analysis is divided into two parts: we first demonstrate that the confinement enhancement in NT configurations arises from the interdependent edge-core dynamics, and then we present the results of a system size scan. Crucially, we find that the relative turbulent transport reduction of NT over PT appears not to be contingent on machine dimensions or fluctuation scales and is moreover robust with respect to variations in plasma profiles. This insight underscores the fundamental nature of the NT confinement advantage and paves the way for its potential application in future fusion devices, regardless of their size.
Insight in NO synthesis in a gliding arc plasma via gas temperature and density mapping by laser-induced fluorescence
Authors: Manaigo Filippo , Chatterjee Abhyuday , Bogaerts Annemie , Snyders Rony 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A gliding arc (GA) plasma, operating at atmospheric pressure in a gas mixture of 50% N2 and 50% O2, is studied using laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The main goal is to determine the two-dimensional distribution of both the gas temperature and the NO ground state density in the afterglow. As GA plasma discharges at atmospheric pressure normally produce rather high NO
x
densities, the high concentration of relevant absorbers, such as NO, may impose essential restrictions for the use of ‘classical’ laser-induced fluorescence methods (dealing with excitation in the bandhead vicinity), as the laser beam would be strongly absorbed along its propagation in the afterglow. Since this was indeed the case for the studied discharge, an approach dealing with laser-based excitation of separate rotational lines is proposed. In this case, due to a non-saturated absorption regime, simultaneous and reliable measurements of both the NO density and the gas temperature (using a reference fitting spectrum) are possible. The proposed method is applied to provide a two-dimensional map for both the NO density and the gas temperature at different plasma conditions. The results show that the input gas flow rate strongly alters the plasma shape, which appears as an elongated column at low input gas flow rate and spreads laterally as the flow rate increases. Finally, based on temperature map analysis, a clear correlation between the gas temperature and NO concentration is found. The proposed method may be interesting for the plasma-chemical analysis of discharges with high molecular production yields, where knowledge of both molecular concentration and gas temperature is required.
Numerical investigation of discharge evolution and breakdown characteristics of ArF excimer lasers
Authors: Ma Xiaochi , Bai Luying , Zhu Yifei , Jiang Xinxian , Wu Yun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The corona bar induced pre–ionization is a crucial preliminary process in the operation of ArF excimer lasers, directly impacting the uniformity and stability of output laser. The ultraviolet corona pre–ionization, as the mainstream method, is tightly coupled with the main discharge process, which complicates analysis. Here, we establish a numerical model of a single pulse discharge incorporating an external circuit to analyze the pre–ionization process and its influence on the breakdown characteristics. (1) By adopting detailed input parameters of photoionization model, we observe uniform and dispersed plasma propagation from the corona bar to the main gap. (2) An artificial boundary condition is proposed to investigate the phenomenological effect of high–energy electrons emission, emphasizing the influence of surface discharge along the cathode. (3) The propagation and breakdown characteristics of the two pre–ionization setup methods, photoionization and background electron density, are compared numerically. This study enhances the understanding of the pre–ionization process in ArF excimer lasers and provides theoretical insights for their optimization and design.
Kinetic simulations of capacitively coupled plasmas driven by tailored voltage waveforms with multi-frequency matching
Authors: Yu Shimin , Wu Hao , Yang Shali , Wang Lu , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Zhijiang , Jiang Wei , Schulze Julian , Zhang Ya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Impedance matching is crucial for optimizing plasma generation and reducing power reflection in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP). Designing these matchings is challenging due to the varying and typically unknown impedance of the plasma, especially in the presence of multiple driving frequencies. Here, a computational design method for impedance matching networks (IMNs) for CCPs is proposed and applied to discharges driven by tailored voltage waveforms (TVW). This method is based on a self-consistent combination of particle in cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations of the plasma with Kirchhoff’s equations to describe the external electrical circuit. Two Foster second-form networks with the same structure are used to constitute an L-type matching network, and the matching capability is optimized by iteratively updating the values of variable capacitors inside the IMN. The results show that the plasma density and the power absorbed by the plasma continuously increase in the frame of this iterative process of adjusting the matching parameters until an excellent impedance matching capability is finally achieved. Impedance matching is found to affect the DC self-bias voltage, whose absolute value is maximized when the best matching is achieved. Additionally, a change in the quality of the impedance matching is found to cause an electron heating mode transition. Poor impedance matching results in a heating mode where electron power absorption in the plasma bulk by drift electric fields plays an important role, while good matching results in the classical α-mode operation, where electron power absorption by ambipolar electric fields at the sheath edges dominates. The method proposed in this work is expected to be of great significance in promoting TVW plasma sources from theory to industrial application, since it allows designing the required complex multi-frequency IMNs.
Nonlinear behaviors in back-gate effects of FDSOI MOSFETs at cryogenic temperatures
Authors: Hu Yibo , Ren Zhipeng , Yin Yizhe , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this work, we systematically investigate the DC performance of fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFETs at both room and cryogenic temperatures as low as 77 K. The influences of back-gate bias on normal and flip-well devices are measured and analyzed. Both types devices display non-linear behaviors when adjusting the back-gate voltage at cryogenic temperatures. Notably, the non-linear effects are more prominent in normal-well devices. The possible reasons are analyzed and verified by technology computer aided design simulation, suggesting that normal-well devices are more susceptible to the formation of depletion regions between the buried oxide layer and the well. This phenomenon disrupts the linearity of the back-gate effect. This research contributes to understanding and characterizing of the back-gate effects in cryogenic environments and holds potential for high-performance computing applications.
Piezoelectric adaptive active vibration suppression for wind-tunnel model support sting
Authors: Li Weiguang , Yang Zhichun , Zhu Ximing , Liu Ke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Due to flow separation and turbulence, the slender cantilever aircraft model support system is prone to low-frequency and large-amplitude resonance in the wind tunnel tests, resulting in a decrease in test data quality, a limited test envelope, and even threatening the safe operation of the wind tunnel. A piezoelectric active damping system based on the filtered-x least mean square algorithm is proposed to effectively suppress the vibration of the wind-tunnel model support sting. Firstly, a modified variable step least mean square algorithm is proposed to address the issue that the fixed-step algorithms limit each other in terms of convergence speed and steady-state error. Following that, a variable step filtered-x least mean square algorithm based on reference signal reconstruction is developed, and the corresponding feedback controller is designed to perform the ground tests of the piezoelectric active damping system for the wind-tunnel model support sting. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence speed and lower steady-state error than the traditional algorithms, as well as strong anti-noise and adaptive control abilities that significantly improve the active vibration suppression effect of the wind-tunnel model support sting.
Distinguishing the topological charge of vortex beam via Fourier back plane imaging with chiral windmill structure
Authors: Guo Yangzhe , Li Jing , Fang Yurui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, research on the interaction between orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light and matter has shown a continuous influx of investigations. OAM possesses distinct properties, such as a degree of freedom with multiple states, vortex characteristics, and topological properties, which expand its applications in optical communication, optical sensing, and optical manipulation. We have observed different phenomena in the chiral metal windmill structure under excitation of spin angular momentum (SAM)-OAM beam generated by Q-plate than under SAM excitation. Fourier back focal plane (FBP) imaging under SAM beam excitation easily identifies the chirality and geometric properties of the structure. When the SAM-OAM beam excites the structure, FBP not only identifies its chirality and geometric properties but also distinguishes different OAM topological charges and signs, as well as the degree of elliptic polarization. The Stokes parametric FBP imaging reveals asymmetric polarization distribution resulting from the interaction between a vortex beam and the chiral structure. Moreover, it clearly reflects the conversion process of SAM to OAM. The experimental results match well with simulation results. These findings hold valuable insights for the advancement of optical information storage and communication using OAM, opening up new possibilities for further exploration in this field.