bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in microRNA expression and editing profile of lung tissues from different pig breeds related to immune responses to HP-PRRSV
Authors: Li Jia , Chen Zhisheng , Zhao Junlong , Fang Liurong , Fang Rui , Xiao Jiang , Chen Xing , Zhou Ao , Zhang Yingyin , Ren Liming , Hu Xiaoxiang , Zhao Yaofeng , Zhang Shujun , Li Ning 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPorcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most devastating diseases for the pig industry. Our goal was to identify microRNAs involved in the host immune response to PRRS. We generated microRNA expression profiles of lung tissues from Tongcheng or Landrace pigs infected with a highly pathogenic PRRS virus (PRRSV) at 3, 5, 7 dpi (day post infection) and control individuals from these two breeds. Our data showed that 278 known and 294 novel microRNAs were expressed in these combined microRNA transcriptomes. Compared with control individuals, almost half of the known microRNAs (116 in Tongcheng and 153 in Landrace) showed significantly differential expression (DEmiRNAs) at least once. The numbers of down-regulated DEmiRNAs were larger than the corresponding number of up-regulated DEmiRNAs in both breeds. Interestingly, miR-2320-5p, which was predicted to bind to conserved sequences of the PRRSV genome, was down-regulated significantly at 3 dpi after PRRSV infection in both breeds. In addition, PRRSV infection induced a significant increase of microRNA editing level in both breeds. Our results provide novel insight into the role of microRNA in response to PRRSV infection in vivo, which will aid the research for developing novel therapies against PRRSV.
Biochar from commercially cultivated seaweed for soil amelioration
Authors: Roberts David A. , Paul Nicholas A. , Dworjanyn Symon A. , Bird Michael I. , de Nys Rocky 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeaweed cultivation is a high growth industry that is primarily targeted at human food and hydrocolloid markets. However, seaweed biomass also offers a feedstock for the production of nutrient-rich biochar for soil amelioration. We provide the first data of biochar yield and characteristics from intensively cultivated seaweeds (Saccharina, Undaria and Sargassum – brown seaweeds and Gracilaria, Kappaphycus and Eucheuma – red seaweeds). While there is some variability in biochar properties as a function of the origin of seaweed, there are several defining and consistent characteristics of seaweed biochar, in particular a relatively low C content and surface area but high yield, essential trace elements (N, P and K) and exchangeable cations (particularly K). The pH of seaweed biochar ranges from neutral (7) to alkaline (11), allowing for broad-spectrum applications in diverse soil types. We find that seaweed biochar is a unique material for soil amelioration that is consistently different to biochar derived from ligno-cellulosic feedstock. Blending of seaweed and ligno-cellulosic biochar could provide a soil ameliorant that combines a high fixed C content with a mineral-rich substrate to enhance crop productivity.
Frequency Dependant Topological Alterations of Intrinsic Functional Connectome in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Luo Qinghua , Deng Zhou , Qin Jingxue , Wei Dongtao , Cun Lingli , Qiu Jiang , Hitchman Glen , Xie Peng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMajor depressive disorder is associated with aberrant topological organizations of brain networks. However, whether this aberrance is shown in broader frequency bands or in a specific frequency band remains unknown. Fifty patients and fifty gender, age and education matched normal controls underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Frequency dependent topological measures based on graph theory were calculated from wavelet decomposed resting state functional brain signals. In the specific frequency band of 0.03–0.06 14Hz, the clustering coefficient and the global efficiency were reduced while the characteristic path length was increased. Furthermore, patients showed aberrant nodal centralities in the default mode network, executive network and occipital network. Network based statistical analysis revealed system-wise topological alterations in these networks. The finding provides the first systematic evidence that depression is associated with frequency specific global and local topological disruptions and highlights the importance of frequency information in investigating major depressive disorders.
Glucocorticoids suppress GLP-1 secretion: possible contribution to their diabetogenic effects
Authors: Kappe Camilla , Fransson Liselotte , Wolbert Petra , Ortsäter Henrik 
Published: April 2015

Evidence indicates that subtle abnormalities in GC (glucocorticoid) plasma concentrations and/or in tissue sensitivity to GCs are important in the metabolic syndrome, and it is generally agreed that GCs induce insulin resistance. In addition, it was recently reported that short-term exposure to GCs reduced the insulinotropic effects of the incretin GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1). However, although defective GLP-1 secretion has been correlated with insulin resistance, potential direct effects of GCs on GLP-1-producing L-cell function in terms of GLP-1 secretion and apoptosis have not been studied in any greater detail. In the present study, we sought to determine whether GCs could exert direct effects on GLP-1-producing L-cells in terms of GLP-1 secretion and cell viability. We demonstrate that the GR (glucocorticoid receptor) is expressed in GLP-1-producing cells, where GR activation in response to dexamethasone induces SGK1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1) expression, but did not influence preproglucagon expression or cell viability. In addition, dexamethasone treatment of enteroendocrine GLUTag cells reduced GLP-1 secretion induced by glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, fructose and potassium, whereas the secretory response to a phorbol ester was unaltered. Furthermore, in vivo administration of dexamethasone to rats reduced the circulating levels of GLP-1 concurrent with induction of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. We can conclude that GR activation in GLP-1-producing cells will diminish the secretory responsiveness of these cells to subsequent carbohydrate stimulation. These effects may not only elucidate the pathogenesis of steroid diabetes, but could ultimately contribute to the identification of novel molecular targets for controlling incretin secretion.
Hearing Care for Older Adults: Beyond the Audiology Clinic
Authors: Öberg Marie 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of hearing health care beyond the clinic for older people with impaired hearing.

Method
This article emphasizes factors affecting the success of audiologic rehabilitation for older people and describes practical clinical and community-based strategies for promoting successful hearing health care.

Results
Older people are not always aware of the extent of their hearing loss, may not always expect to benefit from using a hearing aid, and often have low self-efficacy for managing to learn to use hearing aids. Increased knowledge and support from other health professionals, family caregivers, and significant others could optimize older peoples' participation in everyday activities.

Conclusion
Further work is needed to develop new interventions for older people with impaired hearing and to increase collaboration with general practitioners as well as other health care professionals.
Challenges to establishing successful partnerships in community health promotion programs: local experiences from the national implementation of healthy eating activity and lifestyle (HEAL™) program
Authors: Dennis Sarah , Hetherington Sharon A. , Borodzicz Jerrad A. , Hermiz Oshana , Zwar Nicholas A. 
Published: April 2015

Issue addressedCommunity‐based programs to address physical activity and diet are seen as a valuable strategy to reduce risk factors for chronic disease. Community partnerships are important for successful local implementation of these programs but little is published to describe the challenges of developing partnerships to implement health promotion programs. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and opinions of key stakeholders on the development and maintenance of partnerships during their implementation of the HEAL™ program.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with key stakeholders involved in implementation of HEAL™ in four local government areas. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically.ResultsPartnerships were vital to the success of the local implementation. Successful partnerships occurred where the program met the needs of the partnering organisation, or could be adapted to do so. Partnerships took time to develop and were often dependent on key people. Partnering with organisations that had a strong influence in the community could strengthen existing relationships and success. In remote areas partnerships took longer to develop because of fewer opportunities to meet face to face and workforce shortages and this has implications for program funding in these areas.ConclusionPartnerships are important for the successful implementation of community preventive health programs. They take time to develop, are dependent on the needs of the stakeholders and are facilitated by stable leadership.
Generic base algebras and universal comodule algebras for some finite-dimensional Hopf algebras
Authors: Iyer Uma , Kassel Christian 
Published: April 2015

After recalling the definitions and the properties of the generic base algebra and of the universal comodule algebra attached to a Hopf algebra given by Aljadeff and the second-named author, we determine these algebras for the Taft algebras, the Hopf algebras

E
(
n
)

E(n)

and certain monomial Hopf algebras.
Resveratrol inhibits the acetylated α-tubulin-mediated assembly of the NLRP3-inflammasome
Authors: Misawa Takuma , Saitoh Tatsuya , Kozaki Tatsuya , Park Sehoon , Takahama Michihiro , Akira Shizuo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
With its adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) forms the inflammasome and mediates inflammatory innate immune responses. Development of an anti-inflammatory drug targeting the NLRP3-inflammasome is urgently required because its aberrant activation often causes inflammatory diseases, including gout. We show that resveratrol, a natural polyphenol in grapes and wine, is a safe and effective phytochemical that inhibits NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Resveratrol inhibits the accumulation of acetylated α-tubulin caused by mitochondrial damage in macrophages stimulated with inducers of the NLRP3-inflammasome. Consequently, resveratrol inhibits the acetylated-α-tubulin-mediated spatial arrangement of mitochondria and their subsequent contact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing insufficient assembly of ASC on the mitochondria and NLRP3 on the ER. These findings indicate that resveratrol targets the generation of an optimal site for the assembly of NLRP3 and ASC, thus inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome activation. Therefore, resveratrol could be an effective medication for the treatment of NLRP3-related inflammatory diseases.
Changes in postural syntax characterize sensory modulation and natural variation ofC. eleganslocomotion
Authors: Schwarz Roland F. , Branicky Robyn , Grundy Laura J. , Schafer William R. , Brown André E.X. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLocomotion is driven by shape changes coordinated by the nervous system through time; thus, enumerating an animal’s complete repertoire of shape transitions would provide a basis for a comprehensive understanding of locomotor behaviour. Here we introduce a discrete representation of behaviour in the nematodeC. elegans. At each point in time, the worm’s posture is approximated by its closest matching template from a set of 90 postures and locomotion is represented as sequences of postures. The frequency distribution of postural sequences is heavy-tailed with a core of frequent behaviours and a much larger set of rarely used behaviours. Responses to optogenetic and environmental stimuli can be quantified as changes in postural syntax: worms show different preferences for different sequences of postures drawn from the same set of templates. A discrete representation of behaviour will enable the use of methods developed for other kinds of discrete data in bioinformatics and language processing to be harnessed for the study of behaviour.Author SummaryTechnology for recording neural activity is advancing rapidly and whole-brain imaging with single neuron resolution has already been demonstrated for smaller animals. To interpret such complex neural recordings, we need comprehensive characterizations of behaviour, which is the principal output of the brain. Animal tracking can increasingly be performed automatically but an outstanding challenge is finding ways to represent these behavioural data. We have focused on the movement of the nematode wormC. elegansto develop a quantitative representation of behaviour as a series of distinct postures. Each posture is analogous to a word in a language and so we can directly count the number of phrases that makes up theC. elegansbehavioural repertoire.C. eleganshas a very small nervous system but we find that its behavioural repertoire is still complex. As with human languages, there is a large number of possible phrases, but most are rarely used. When comparing different populations of worms or worms in different environments, we find that the difference between their behaviour is due to a subset of their entire repertoire. In the language analogy, these would correspond to idiomatic phrases that distinguish groups of speakers. A quantitative understanding of the nature of behavioural variation will inform research on the function and evolution of neural circuits.
Hong Kong’s population policies on immigration: challenges and feasibility
Authors: Lam Gigi , Tu Edward Jow-Ching 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The aging crisis in Hong Kong is unique in that it was caused by several waves of immigration and emigration, coupled with inadequate investment in tertiary education (Wong, 2013b). The purpose of this paper is to study the causes and outcomes of the Hong Kong aging crisis and, where appropriate, advise on mitigation strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper analyzes the current demographic predicament and makes recommendations.

Findings
– A viable method for alleviating this demographic problem is to introduce various immigration schemes; however, these have been rendered futile because of a lack of infrastructure necessary for attracting immigrants and mitigating the protectionism that occurs among local workers and in trade unions in Hong Kong. A purely open and proactive immigration policy should involve prioritizing the admission of professionals and laborers across pillar industries and areas where technical skills are in short supply, as well as setting a daily immigration quota of 50 to recruit professionals with university degrees from abroad (Wong, 2013a). A comprehensive immigration policy should also be complemented by encouraging Hong Kong residents who work overseas to return (Wong, 2013a).

Originality/value
– The paper analyzes the demographic predicament of labor shrinkage in Hong Kong and summarizes the recommendations for attracting talent and professionals from abroad.
Case of Sjögren–Larsson syndrome with a large deletion in the ALDH3A2 gene confirmed by single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis
Authors: Gaboon Nagwa E. A. , Jelani Musharraf , Almramhi Mona M. , Mohamoud Hussein S. A. , Al‐Aama Jumana Y. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSjögren–Larsson syndrome (SLS) is a neurocutaneous disorder inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion. SLS patients are characterized by lipid metabolism error, primarily leading to cardinal signs of ichthyosis, spasticity and mental retardation. Additional signs include short stature, epilepsy, retinal abnormalities and photophobia. More than 90 mutations of the ALDH3A2 gene have been reported for SLS, and such variants can be successfully detected at a rate of 94% by direct DNA sequencing. We performed direct sequencing of ALDH3A2 gene from the index patient, however, no mutation could be detected. HumanCytoSNPs12 array analysis and subsequent targeted single nucleotide polymorphism analysis revealed a novel deletion mutation at chromosome 17p11.2. This 67‐Kb region includes the first five coding exons of ALDH3A2, and is flanked by rs2245639 and rs962801. To the best of our knowledge, this mutation is novel and our findings broaden the mutation spectrum of ALDH3A2 causing SLS phenotype.
Crater/ulcerated form of infundibular squamous cell carcinoma: A possible distinct entity as a malignant (or high‐grade) counterpart to keratoacanthoma
Authors: Misago Noriyuki , Inoue Takuya , Nagase Kotaro , Tsuruta Noriko , Tara‐Hashimoto Akiko , Kimura Hiromi , Takahara Kanako , Narita Tomomi , Narisawa Yutaka 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFollicular squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with infundibular differentiation includes the common and crater forms of infundibular SCC. We previously considered the crater/ulcerated infundibular SCC to be a progressive condition of the common form and histopathologically studied an additional five cases of the crater/ulcerated infundibular SCC, the results of which suggested the following characteristic histopathological features and possible developmental process in this type of SCC: (i) a considerable number of continuous hyperplastic follicular infundibula, which may develop at the beginning of the disease; (ii) hyperplastic infundibula exhibiting an abrupt or gradual transition to the SCC component, which frequently change relative to the neoplastic infundibular canal; and (iii) the presence of multiple sites of branching of the neoplastic infundibular canals and/or complete involvement of large cysts in the neoplastic process over the center of the lesion, resulting in ulceration. Based on these histopathological findings, we considered that crater/ulcerated infundibular SCC involve a considerable number of continuous follicular infundibula from the start, although some cases may develop from the common form. We also emphasize the possible aggressive biological behavior of the crater/ulcerated form. Keratoacanthoma (KA) is a unique, benign or borderline malignant neoplasm exhibiting follicular (infundibular/isthmic) differentiation characterized by the involvement of continuous follicular infundibula in multiples. From this standpoint, we consider that crater/ulcerated infundibular SCC is possibly related to KA in terms of histogenesis and is a malignant (or high‐grade) counterpart of KA.
Associations of glycated haemoglobin A1c and glycated albumin with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population with impaired glucose regulation
Authors: Ma Xiaojing , Shen Yun , Hu Xiang , Hao Yaping , Luo Yuqi , Tang Junling , Zhou Jian , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlations of glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and glycated albumin (GA) with subclinical atherosclerosis in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese populations with impaired glucose regulation (IGR). In total, 640 subjects with IGR and no history of cardiovascular disease or carotid artery plaque were recruited for this study (256 men, 384 women; age range, 40–70 years). The carotid intima‐media thickness (C‐IMT) measured by carotid ultrasonography was used as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis. Increased C‐IMT was defined as ≥ 0.70 mm (upper quartile). HbA1c and GA were measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography and enzymatic method, respectively. The average HbA1c and GA among all 640 subjects were 5.7 ± 0.3% and 14.0 ± 1.1%, respectively. HbA1c and GA were higher in subjects with increased C‐IMT than in subjects with normal C‐IMT (5.8 ± 0.3% vs 5.7 ± 0.3% and 14.2 ± 1.0% vs 13.9 ± 1.1%, respectively; both P < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed that both HbA1c and GA were positively correlated with C‐IMT (r = 0.135 and 0.112, respectively; both P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that both HbA1c (odds ratio (OR), 2.630; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.401–4.935; P = 0.003) and GA OR, 1.215; 95% CI, 1.008–1.466; P = 0.041) were independent risk factors for increased C‐IMT. Both HbA1c and GA reflect the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle‐aged and elderly Chinese populations with IGR.
Health Information Technology Adoption in the Emergency Department
Authors: Selck Frederic W. , Decker Sandra L. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the trend in health information technology (IT) systems adoption in hospital emergency departments (EDs) and its effect on ED efficiency and resource use.Data Sources2007–2010 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey – ED Component.Study DesignWe assessed changes in the percent of visits to EDs with health IT capability and the estimated effect on waiting time to see a provider, visit length, and resource use.Principal FindingsThe percent of ED visits that took place in an ED with at least a basic health IT or an advanced IT system increased from 25.2 and 3.1 percent in 2007 to 69.1 and 30.6 percent in 2010, respectively (p < .05). Controlling for ED fixed effects, waiting times were reduced by 6.0 minutes in advanced IT‐equipped EDs (p < .05), and the number of tests ordered increased by 9 percent (p < .01). In models using a 1‐year lag, advanced systems also showed an increase in the number of medications and images ordered per visit.ConclusionsAlmost a third of visits now occur in EDs with advanced IT capability. While advanced IT adoption may decrease wait times, resource use during ED visits may also increase depending on how long the system has been in place. We were not able to determine if these changes indicated more appropriate care.
Effects of Germination on the Nutritional Properties, Phenolic Profiles, and Antioxidant Activities of Buckwheat
Authors: Zhang Ge , Xu Zhicun , Gao Yuanyuan , Huang Xianxiao , Zou Yanping , Yang Tiankui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGermination is considered to be an effective process for improving the nutritional quality and functionality of cereals. In this study, changes of nutritional ingredients, antinutritional components, chemical composition, and antioxidant activities of buckwheat seeds over 72 h of germination were investigated, and the reasons for these changes are discussed. With the prolonged germination time, the contents of crude protein, reducing sugar, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins increased significantly, while the levels of crude fat, phytic acid, and the activity of trypsin inhibitor decreased. Phenolic compounds, such as rutin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, chlorogenic acid, trans‐3‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid increased significantly during the germination process, which may be due to the activation of phenylalanine ammonialyase. The improvement of flavonoids led to significant enhancement of the antioxidant activities of germinated buckwheat. Germinated buckwheat had better nutritional value and antioxidant activities than ungerminated buckwheat, and it represented an excellent natural source of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, especially rutin and C‐glycosylflavones. Therefore, germinated buckwheat could be used as a promising functional food for health promotion.