bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sylvia Docker lecture: The practice, research, policy nexus in contemporary occupational therapy
Authors: Layton Natasha A. 
Published: February 2014

Background/aimIn this era of evidence‐based practice, Australian occupational therapists largely accept scientific perspectives of the quality of evidence and ‘what makes a strong study’. Yet unequal power relationships are usual between funders who set the research agenda, researchers and people who are the subjects of research. Emerging policy now mandates partnerships with consumers in any health and research projects about them. Are we person‐centred in our research practices? What difference would increased consumer direction make to our research methods, scope and outcomes? This lecture describes some of the benefits and challenges of collaborative or inclusive research partnerships with consumers and outlines where this may take occupational therapy in future.MethodsThe disability community's calls for inclusive research will be contrasted with mainstream research approaches and with occupational therapy's commitment to person‐centredness. An example of inclusive research undertaken by the author and colleagues with disabilities which posed the question: ‘What difference does assistive technology make to life for people living with impairment?’ will be presented.Results/ImplicationsCollaborative research is best conceptualised as a mutually productive journey, with many factors influencing how fully inclusive research principles can be realised. The possibilities and complexities of conducting research which has inclusive credentials are outlined.ConclusionInclusive research principles provide a means to enact person‐centredness in research as well as practice. Following these principles challenges occupational therapy practitioners and researchers to address nexus issues: that is, intersections between and beyond research, policy and practice.
Do airborne microbes matter for atmospheric chemistry and cloud formation?
Authors: Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe role of airborne microbial cells in the chemistry of the atmosphere and cloud formation remains essentially speculative. Recent studies have indicated that microbes might be more important than previously anticipated for atmospheric processes. However, more work and direct communication between microbiologists and atmospheric scientists and modellers are necessary to better understand and model bioaerosol–cloud–precipitation–climate interactions.
Reporting errors, incidence and risk factors for postpartum haemorrhage and progression to severe PPH: a prospective observational study
Authors: Briley A , Seed PT , Tydeman G , Ballard H , Waterstone M , Sandall J , Poston L , Tribe RM , Bewley S 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo quantify reporting errors, measure incidence of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and define risk factors for PPH (≥500 ml) and progression to severe PPH (≥1500 ml).DesignProspective observational study.SettingTwo UK maternity services.PopulationWomen giving birth between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2009 (n = 10 213).MethodsWeighted sampling with sequential adjustment by multivariate analysis.Main outcome measuresIncidence and risk factors for PPH and progression to severe PPH.ResultsErrors in transcribing blood volume were frequent (14%) with evidence of threshold preference and avoidance. The incidences of PPH ≥500, ≥1500 and ≥2500 ml were 33.7% (95% CI 31.2–36.2), 3.9% (95% CI 3.3–4.6) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–1.0). New independent risk factors predicting PPH ≥ 500 ml included Black African ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.77, 95% CI 1.31–2.39) and assisted conception (aOR 2.93, 95% CI 1.30–6.59). Modelling demonstrated how prepregnancy‐ and pregnancy‐acquired factors may be mediated through intrapartum events, including caesarean section, elective (aOR 24.4, 95% CI 5.53–108.00) or emergency (aOR 40.5, 95% CI 16.30–101.00), and retained placenta (aOR 21.3, 95% CI 8.31–54.7). New risk factors were identified for progression to severe PPH, including index of multiple deprivation (education, skills and training) (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–2.74), multiparity without caesarean section (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.20–2.28) and administration of steroids for fetal reasons (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.24–3.22).ConclusionsSequential, interacting, traditional and new risk factors explain the highest rates of PPH and severe PPH reported to date.
An optimal periconception maternal folate status for embryonic size: the Rotterdam Predict study
Authors: van Uitert EM , van Ginkel S , Willemsen SP , Lindemans J , Koning AHJ , Eilers PHC , Exalto N , Laven JSE , Steegers EAP , Steegers‐Theunissen RPM 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between periconception maternal folate status and embryonic size.DesignProspective periconception cohort study.SettingErasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.PopulationSeventy‐seven singleton pregnancies recruited in 2009 and 2010.MethodsWe recruited women before 8 weeks of gestation and performed weekly three‐dimensional ultrasound scans from enrolment up to 13 weeks of gestation. As a measure of embryonic growth, crown–rump length (CRL) measurements were performed using V‐Scope software in the BARCO I‐Space. Maternal blood was collected to determine first‐trimester long‐term red blood cell (RBC) folate status. Non‐malformed live births were included in the analysis. We calculated quartiles of RBC folate, square root‐transformed CRL data and performed multivariable linear mixed model analyses.Main outcome measuresSerial first‐trimester CRL measurements.ResultsIn total, 484 ultrasound scans were performed in 77 women, in 440 (90.7%) of which CRLs could be measured. RBC folate in the third quartile (1513–1812 nmol/l) was significantly associated with an increased CRL compared with the first two quartiles (814–1512 nmol/l) and the upper quartile (1813–2936 nmol/l; Poverall = 0.03; adjusted for gestational age, smoking, body mass index and fetal sex). Compared with the third quartile, embryos in the upper quartile were 24.2% smaller at 6+0 weeks [4.1 mm (95% confidence interval 3.5, 4.7) versus 5.4 mm (95% confidence interval 4.8, 6.1)] and 7.6% smaller at 12+0 weeks [55.1 mm (95% confidence interval 52.9, 57.3) versus 59.6 mm (95% confidence interval 57.4, 62.0)] of gestation.ConclusionsThis study suggests that a very high maternal periconception folate status is associated with reduced embryonic size. Whether these effects are beneficial or harmful requires further investigation.
Constructing STR Multiplexes for Individual Identification of Hungarian Red Deer
Authors: Szabolcsi Zoltan , Egyed Balazs , Zenke Petra , Padar Zsolt , Borsy Adrienn , Steger Viktor , Pasztor Erzsebet , Csanyi Sandor , Buzas Zsuzsanna , Orosz Laszlo 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRed deer is the most valuable game of the fauna in Hungary, and there is a strong need for genetic identification of individuals. For this purpose, 10 tetranucleotide STR markers were developed and amplified in two 5‐plex systems. The study presented here includes the flanking region sequence analysis and the allele nomenclature of the 10 loci as well as the PCR optimization of the DeerPlex I and II. LD pairwise tests and cross‐species similarity analyses showed the 10 loci to be independently inherited. Considerable levels of genetic differences between two subpopulations were recorded, and FST was 0.034 using AMOVA. The average probability of identity (PIave) was at the value of 2.6736 × 10−15. This low value for PIave nearly eliminates false identification. An illegal hunting case solved by DeerPlex is described herein. The calculated likelihood ratio (LR) illustrates the potential of the 10 red deer microsatellite markers for forensic investigations.
Predictors for detection of cancer in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture and atypical cells on endoscopic retrograde brush cytology
Authors: Navaneethan Udayakumar , Singh Tavankit , Gutierrez Norma G , Jegadeesan Ramprasad , Venkatesh Preethi G , Brainard Jennifer , Vargo John J , Parsi Mansour A 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThe management of atypical cells on endoscopic retrograde brush cytology (ERBC) in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the detection of cancer (pancreatic and biliary carcinoma) in patients with atypical cells on ERBC and the factors predicting it.MethodsFrom a prospectively maintained cytology database in a tertiary care center, patients with indeterminate biliary stricture and atypical cells on ERBC from 1996 to 2012 were studied. The date of the initial ERBC with atypical cells was identified as time zero. The primary outcome was to study the incidences and Kaplan–Meier estimates for detecting cancer.ResultsIn all, 104 patients with 182.8 person‐years of follow‐up were identified. In 38 (36.5%) patients cancer was detected (19 cholangiocarcinoma, 15 pancreatic cancer, three ampullary cancer and one gallbladder carcinoma) over a mean follow‐up of 4.4 months. On Cox regression analysis, the presence of clinical jaundice (hazard ratio [HR] 4.08, 95% CI 1.41–11.8), active alcohol consumption (HR 7.33, 95% CI 1.85–29.1) and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) level (>33 U/mL) (HR 8.42, 95% CI 1.75–40.6) at the time of ERBC were associated with increased risk for the detection of cancer. Detection of cancer was more common during the first 6 months of follow‐up than at any time period thereafter.ConclusionElevated CA19‐9 level, the presence of clinical jaundice and current alcohol consumption are associated with increased detection of cancer in patients with indeterminate biliary stricture and atypical cells on ERBC.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of the Salmonella‐lettuce interaction
Authors: Zhang Yuping , Nandakumar Renu , Bartelt‐Hunt Shannon L. , Snow Daniel D. , Hodges Laurie , Li Xu 
Published: February 2014

SummaryHuman pathogens can internalize food crops through root and surface uptake and persist inside crop plants. The goal of the study was to elucidate the global modulation of bacteria and plant protein expression after Salmonella internalizes lettuce. A quantitative proteomic approach was used to analyse the protein expression of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis and lettuce cultivar Green Salad Bowl 24 h after infiltrating S. Infantis into lettuce leaves. Among the 50 differentially expressed proteins identified by comparing internalized S. Infantis against S. Infantis grown in Luria Broth, proteins involved in glycolysis were down‐regulated, while one protein involved in ascorbate uptake was up‐regulated. Stress response proteins, especially antioxidant proteins, were up‐regulated. The modulation in protein expression suggested that internalized S. Infantis might utilize ascorbate as a carbon source and require multiple stress response proteins to cope with stresses encountered in plants. On the other hand, among the 20 differentially expressed lettuce proteins, proteins involved in defense response to bacteria were up‐regulated. Moreover, the secreted effector PipB2 of S. Infantis and R proteins of lettuce were induced after bacterial internalization into lettuce leaves, indicating human pathogen S. Infantis triggered the defense mechanisms of lettuce, which normally responds to plant pathogens.
Bivalirudin Use and One‐Month Outcome in the Context of Contemporary Antiplatelet Treatment: Insights from the Greek Antiplatelet Registry
Authors: Alexopoulos Dimitrios , Xanthopoulou Ioanna , Deftereos Spyridon , Sitafidis George , Kanakakis Ioannis , Hamilos Michalis , Karayannis George , Angelidis Christos , Stavrou Katerina , Vavuranakis Manolis , Goudevenos John A. , Stefanadis Christodoulos ,   the GRAPE Investigators
Published: February 2014

SummaryAimsLittle is known about the use of bivalirudin in “real life”. In the context of contemporary antiplatelet treatment, we aimed to assess bivalirudin treatment patterns and short‐term (one‐month) outcome.MethodsGreek Antiplatelet Registry (GRAPE) is a prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study of consecutive, moderate‐to‐high‐risk acute coronary syndrome patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We assessed bivalirudin treatment patterns and predictive factors for its use. Combined in‐hospital and one‐month major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, including death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization, and stroke), and bleeding events according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) criteria were analyzed after propensity matching.ResultsOf 2047 registered patients, 480 (23.4%) were treated with bivalirudin. Multivariate analysis (C statistic 0.77, 0.75–0.80 95% CIs, P < 0.001) revealed as factors favoring bivalirudin use primary PCI, radial arterial access, presentation with positive biomarkers and use of novel P2Y12 inhibitor, whereas IIb/IIIa inhibitor administration did not. Regional trends also affected bivalirudin's choice. In 370 propensity‐matched pairs of patients who received or not bivalirudin, MACE, BARC type 1, 2 and 3 did not differ between groups: 4.1%, 21.9%, 3.2%, 3.5% and 5.1%, 18.9%, 2.7%, 4.3%, respectively, P = nonsignificant for all.ConclusionsIn a “real life”, contemporary antiplatelet treatment registry, clinical, laboratory and logistic factors affect bivalirudin's choice, while there are no differences in one‐month outcome between bivalirudin‐treated and non‐bivalirudin‐treated patients.
Randomized, placebo controlled and double‐blind trials of efficacy and safety of adalimumab for treating ankylosing spondylitis: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Hongsheng , Zuo Dongqing , Sun Mengxiong , Hua Yingqi , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAdalimumab is a fully human, anti‐TNF monoclonal antibody of proven efficacy and safety in the treatment of the signs, symptoms and functional disability of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab treatment, relative to a placebo, in adult patients with AS. In the efficacy meta‐analysis, significantly more patients in the adalimumab group achieved Assessment in AS International Working Group (ASAS)20 and Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI)50 compared with patients in the placebo group. Patients in the adalimumab group also showed significant improvement in BASDAI and health‐related quality of life. With regard to adverse events, any adverse events and injection‐site reaction were significantly higher in the adalimumab group compared with the control group. This meta‐analysis shows a higher efficacy of adalimumab relative to placebo, but clinicians should be careful regarding adverse events in adalimumab‐treated patients.
Circulating galectin‐1 concentrations in systemic sclerosis: potential contribution to digital vasculopathy
Authors: Yanaba Koichi , Asano Yoshihide , Akamata Kaname , Noda Shinji , Aozasa Naohiko , Taniguchi Takashi , Takahashi Takehiro , Toyama Tetsuo , Ichimura Yohei , Sumida Hayakazu , Kuwano Yoshihiro , Miyazaki Miki , Sato Shinichi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo determine serum galectin‐1 levels and their clinical associations in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodSerum galectin‐1 levels were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 66 patients with SSc and 24 healthy individuals.ResultsNo significant differences were observed in serum galectin‐1 levels between patients with SSc (9.4 ± 5.6 ng/mL), and healthy individuals (8.9 ± 1.3 ng/mL). Among patients with SSc, no significant differences were seen in serum galectin‐1 levels between those with diffuse cutaneous SSc (8.8 ± 5.7 ng/mL; n = 31) and those with limited cutaneous SSc (10.0 ± 5.4 ng/mL; n = 35). Patients with SSc who had increased galectin‐1 levels less often had pitting scars/digital ulcers than those with normal galectin‐1 levels (17% vs. 49%; P < 0.01). Consistently, galectin‐1 levels were significantly lower in SSc patients with pitting scars/digital ulcers than in those without pitting scars/digital ulcers (6.9 ± 4.8 vs. 10.9 ± 5.5 ng/mL; P < 0.01).ConclusionThese results suggest that galectin‐1 is a protective factor against the development of digital vasculopathy in SSc. In addition, measurement of serum galectin‐1 levels may be useful for risk stratification for the development of digital vasculopathy in the early phase of SSc.
Features of pseudomonads growing at low temperatures: another facet of their versatility
Authors: Moreno Renata , Rojo Fernando 
Published: February 2014

SummaryPseudomonads are a diverse and ecologically successful group of γ‐proteobacteria present in many environments (terrestrial, freshwater and marine), either free living or associated with plants or animals. Their success is at least partly based on their ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures, their capacity to withstand different kinds of stress and their great metabolic versatility. Although the optimal growth temperature of pseudomonads is usually close to 25–30°C, many strains can also grow between 5°C and 10°C, and some of them even close to 0°C. Such low temperatures strongly affect the physicochemical properties of macromolecules, forcing cells to evolve traits that optimize growth and help them withstand cold‐induced stresses such as increased levels of reactive oxygen species, reduced membrane fluidity and enzyme activity, cold‐induced protein denaturation and the greater stability of DNA and RNA secondary structures. This review gathers the information available on the strategies used by pseudomonads to adapt to low temperature growth, and briefly describes some of the biotechnological applications that might benefit from cold‐adapted bacterial strains and enzymes, e.g., biotransformation or bioremediation processes to be performed at low temperatures.
The Mammalian Circadian Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Exhibits Rapid Tolerance to Ethanol In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Lindsay Jonathan H. , Glass J. David , Amicarelli Mario , Prosser Rebecca A. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundEthanol (EtOH) triggers cellular adaptations that induce tolerance in many brain areas, including the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the site of the master circadian clock. EtOH inhibits light‐induced phase shifts in the SCN in vivo and glutamate‐induced phase shifts in vitro. The in vitro phase shifts develop acute tolerance to EtOH, occurring within minutes of initial exposure, while the in vivo phase shifts exhibit no evidence of chronic tolerance. An intermediate form, rapid tolerance, is not well studied but may predict subsequent chronic tolerance. Here, we investigated rapid tolerance in the SCN clock.MethodsAdult C57BL/6 mice were provided 15% EtOH or water for one 12‐hour lights‐off period. For in vitro experiments, SCN‐containing brain slices were prepared in the morning and treated for 10 minutes with glutamate +/− EtOH the following night. Single‐cell neuronal firing rates were recorded extracellularly during the subsequent day to determine SCN clock phase. For in vivo experiments, mice receiving EtOH 24 hours previously were exposed to a 30‐minute light pulse immediately preceded by intraperitoneal saline or 2 g/kg EtOH injection. Mice were then placed in constant darkness and their phase‐shifting responses measured.ResultsIn vitro, the SCN clock from EtOH‐exposed mice exhibited rapid tolerance, with a 10‐fold increase in EtOH needed to inhibit glutamate‐induced phase shifts. Co‐application of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor prevented EtOH inhibition, consistent with experiments using EtOH‐naïve mice. Rapid tolerance lasts 48 to 96 hours, depending on whether assessing in vitro phase advances or phase delays. Similarly, in vivo, prior EtOH consumption prevented EtOH's acute blockade of photic phase delays. Finally, immunoblot experiments showed no changes in SCN glutamate receptor subunit (NR2B) expression or phosphorylation in response to rapid tolerance induction.ConclusionsThe SCN circadian clock develops rapid tolerance to EtOH as assessed both in vivo and in vitro, and the tolerance lasts for several days. These data demonstrate the utility of the circadian system as a model for investigating cellular mechanisms through which EtOH acts in the brain.
Altered Anterior Cingulate Neurochemistry in Emerging Adult Binge Drinkers with a History of Alcohol‐Induced Blackouts
Authors: Silveri Marisa M. , Cohen‐Gilbert Julia , Crowley David J. , Rosso Isabelle M. , Jensen J. Eric , Sneider Jennifer T. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundBinge alcohol consumption is associated with multiple neurobiological consequences, including altered neurophysiology, brain structure, and functional activation. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have demonstrated neurochemical alterations in the frontal lobe of alcohol users, although most studies focused on older, alcohol‐dependent subjects.MethodsIn this study, neurochemical data were acquired using MRS at 4.0 Tesla from emerging adults (18 to 24 years old) who were binge alcohol drinkers (BD, n = 23) or light drinkers (LD, n = 31). Since binge drinking is also associated with increased prevalence of experiencing an alcohol‐induced blackout, BD were stratified into alcohol‐induced blackout (BDBO) and non‐blackout (BDN) groups.ResultsOverall, BD had significantly lower gamma amino‐butyric acid (GABA) and N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) than LD. When stratified by blackout history, BDBO also had lower ACC glutamate (Glu) than LD. No group differences in MRS metabolites were observed in the parietal‐occipital cortex. Lower ACC GABA and Glu remained significant after accounting for lower gray matter content in BD, however, NAA differences were no longer evident. In addition, low ACC GABA levels were associated with greater alcohol use consequences, and worse response inhibition and attention/mental flexibility in BD.ConclusionsThese data indicate that binge drinking affects frontal lobe neurochemistry, more so in those who had experienced an alcohol‐induced blackout. Characterization of the neurochemical profiles associated with binge alcohol consumption and blackout history may help identify unique risk factors for the later manifestation of alcohol abuse and dependence, in young individuals who are heavy, frequent drinkers, but who do not meet the criteria for alcohol abuse disorders.