bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasome system enhance long-term memory formation upon olfactory conditioning in the honeybee (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Felsenberg Johannes , Dyck Yan , Kloß Alexander , Dahlmann Burkhardt , Klötzel Peter-Michael , Eisenhardt Dorothea 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In honeybees (Apis mellifera) the proteasome inhibitor Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-CHO (MG132) enhances long-term memory (LTM) formation. Studies in vertebrates using different inhibitors of the proteasome demonstrate the opposite, namely an inhibition of memory formation. The reason for this contradiction remains unclear. MG132 is an inhibitor of the proteasome, but also blocks other proteases. Accordingly, one possible explanation might be that other proteases affected by MG132 are responsible for the enhancement of LTM formation. We test this hypothesis by comparing the effect of MG132 and the more specific proteasome inhibitor clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone (β-lactone). We show that these two inhibitors block the activity of the proteasome in honeybee brains to a similar extent, do not affect the animals’ survival but do enhance LTM retention upon olfactory conditioning. Thus, the enhancement of LTM formation is not due to MG132-specific side effects, but to inhibition of a protease targeted by MG132 and β-lactone, i.e. the proteasome.
Quality of life data in older adults: self-assessment vs interview
Authors: Halvorsrud Liv , Kalfoss Mary 
Published: July 2014

Background and purpose:There are obstacles for older people when reporting quality of life (QoL) in a survey format. The aim of this study was to explore the quality of data obtained on self-assessed QoL among older people with respect to modes of administration.Method and results:Approximately half of the QoL items showed significantly higher mean values in the mail sample than in the interview sample. Data suggest that there may be more vulnerability towards offering socially desirable answers. Problems with reduced energy and loss of memory affect both modes of administration.Conclusions:This study demonstrates that investigating the mode of questionnaire administration among older people can be a valuable means by which to detect possible threats to data quality when interpreting QoL scores.
Interprofessional education: merging nursing, midwifery and CAM
Authors: Netherwood Maggie , Derham Ruth 
Published: July 2014

Aim: To ascertain the value of bringing together undergraduate students from nursing, midwifery, and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to determine what they could learn from each other. Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) is a growing field promoting interaction between professional groups, collaborative working and quality of health. In conventional health, IPE has a role to play in undergraduate education. No studies have been undertaken to investigate the integration of CAM students and conventional undergraduate healthcare students. Method: In a mixed-method study, in 2010, a sample of third-year students enrolled on adult nursing, midwifery, homeopathy and complementary therapies degree courses took part in two workshops and a focus-group discussion. Findings: Six themes were identified from qualitative data analysis: interaction; breaking down prejudices; knowledge of self; knowledge of others; common aims; and organisational limitations. Conclusion: The common aim of patient-centred care allowed students to recognise the benefits of a more integrated health system.
Image-Segmentation Technique to Analyze Deformation Profiles in Different Direct Shear Tests
Authors: Vangla Prashanth , Gali Madhavi Latha 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Results from interface shear tests on sand–geosynthetic interfaces are examined in light of surface roughness of the interacting geosynthetic material. Three different types of interface shear tests carried out in the frame of direct shear-test setup are compared to understand the effect of parameters like box fixity and symmetry on the interface shear characteristics. Formation of shear bands close to the interface is visualized in the tests and the bands are analyzed using image-segmentation techniques in MATLAB. A woven geotextile with moderate roughness and a geomembrane with minimal roughness are used in the tests. The effect of surface roughness of the geosynthetic material on the formation of shear bands, movement of sand particles, and interface shear parameters are studied and compared through visual observations, image analyses, and image-segmentation techniques.
A case of right atrial appendage aneurysm mimicking a pericardial cyst on echocardiogram
Authors: Toufan Mehrnoush , Pourafkari Leili , Akbarzadeh Fariborz , Nader Nader D 
Published: July 2014

SummaryRight atrial appendage aneurysms (RAAAs) are rarely encountered. If symptomatic, they present with atrial arrhythmias or embolic events. Surgical resection is indicated for symptomatic patients. We describe a 65-year-old man presenting with palpitation for 6 months. Electrocardiogram showed atrial flutter. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large thin-walled cystic mass anterior to right ventricular outflow tract, which was confirmed to be a giant RAAA by contrast transoesophageal echocardiography and later by contrast-enhanced computerised tomography. The patient underwent electrocardioversion, following which he remained in sinus rhythm and was asymptomatic during the 3 months follow-up period.Learning pointsRAAA can present with atrial flutter.Transoesophageal contrast echocardiography is the most valuable non-invasive tool in diagnosis of RAAA.Although computed tomography scan is not necessary for establishing the diagnosis, it may provide useful information regarding the structural anatomy.
A Very Low-Carbohydrate, Low–Saturated Fat Diet for Type 2 Diabetes Management: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Tay Jeannie , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie D. , Thompson Campbell H. , Noakes Manny , Buckley Jon D. , Wittert Gary A. , Yancy William S. , Brinkworth Grant D. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively compare the effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high–unsaturated/low–saturated fat diet (LC) with those of a high–unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HC) on glycemic control and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Obese adults (n = 115, BMI 34.4 ± 4.2 kg/m2, age 58 ± 7 years) with T2DM were randomized to a hypocaloric LC diet (14% carbohydrate [&lt;50 g/day], 28% protein, and 58% fat [&lt;10% saturated fat]) or an energy-matched HC diet (53% carbohydrate, 17% protein, and 30% fat [&lt;10% saturated fat]) combined with structured exercise for 24 weeks. The outcomes measured were as follows: glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glycemic variability (GV; assessed by 48-h continuous glucose monitoring), antiglycemic medication changes (antiglycemic medication effects score [MES]), and blood lipids and pressure.

RESULTS
A total of 93 participants completed 24 weeks. Both groups achieved similar completion rates (LC 79%, HC 82%) and weight loss (LC −12.0 ± 6.3 kg, HC −11.5 ± 5.5 kg); P ≥ 0.50. Blood pressure (−9.8/−7.3 ± 11.6/6.8 mmHg), fasting blood glucose (−1.4 ± 2.3 mmol/L), and LDL cholesterol (−0.3 ± 0.6 mmol/L) decreased, with no diet effect (P ≥ 0.10). LC achieved greater reductions in triglycerides (−0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L), MES (−0.5 ± 0.5 vs. −0.2 ± 0.5), and GV indices; P ≤ 0.03. LC induced greater HbA1c reductions (−2.6 ± 1.0% [−28.4 ± 10.9 mmol/mol] vs. −1.9 ± 1.2% [−20.8 ± 13.1 mmol/mol]; P = 0.002) and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) increases (0.2 ± 0.3 vs. 0.05 ± 0.2 mmol/L; P = 0.007) in participants with the respective baseline values HbA1c &gt;7.8% (62 mmol/mol) and HDL-C &lt;1.29 mmol/L.

CONCLUSIONS
Both diets achieved substantial improvements for several clinical glycemic control and CVD risk markers. These improvements and reductions in GV and antiglycemic medication requirements were greatest with the LC compared with HC. This suggests an LC diet with low saturated fat may be an effective dietary approach for T2DM management if effects are sustained beyond 24 weeks.
Scaling up safe motherhood program at Dang district: Impact of programmatic intervention
Authors: Chaudhary Shrawan K 
Published: July 2014

Introduction: Safe motherhood has been a national priority programme and this article highlights the impact of a good programmatic approach to improve safe motherhood services in a district of mid west region of Nepal. Method: Interventions included strengthening of program- Emergency Obstetric Care Services (EmOC) at district hospital and Primary Health Care Center level (basic and comprehensive), Skilled Birth Attendance (SBA) at Health Post level and Community Based Safe Motherhood interventions at community level. In addition, improved family/community practices for birth preparedness and referral of mothers through building the capacity of individuals and families to demand and utilize health services were also implemented. Results: Met need of Emergency Obstetric Care increased from 2% in 2000 to 27.58 % in 2005/06. Number of births increased in hospital from 1078 (2003/2004) to 1753 (2005/2006). Number of caesarean sections was 10 in 2003/04 whereas it has risen to 174 in 2005/06. Similar trends were noticed in other obstetric procedures such as instrumental deliveries and manual removal of placenta. There has also been a significant increase in utilization of EmOC services among the poorest castes- Dalits and Janjatis (from 6.3% in 2000/01 to 12.7% in 2003/04). Twenty four hours blood transfusion services are made available at district hospital. EmOC fund has saved the life of 676 women who utilized EmOC fund and watch group has referred total 559 women to health facilities. Conclusion: Data from Dang district suggests that if interventions are delivered simultaneously and effectively at community level and health facility level, there is definite impact on various indicators of safe motherhood program. However, frequent turnover of staff, vacant post, lack of provision of 24 hours SBA services, limited budget for construction, training and equipment supports, lack of transportation and communication in remote Village Development Committees are barriers of effective safe motherhood program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v3i2.10827 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Vol.3(2) 2008; 21-25
Measurement of retention functions with hysteresis using ground‐penetrating radar
Authors: Weihnacht B. , Boerner F. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe non‐invasive measurement of water retention functions employing geophysical methods involves the determination of the timely variation of water content using parametrized petrophysical models. Over the last two decades several methods have been published, which are based on the dielectric constant derived from ground‐penetrating radar measurements and their relation to the water content. While it is error‐prone to ascertain true radar traveltimes from radar reflection data, ground wave or diffraction analysis, transmission measurements are quite accurate. Soil water content is classically estimated by a simple equation or a mixing law derived from small‐scale laboratory analysis, which may deny clarification of hydraulic constraints. However, the application of these relationships for the in situ determination of retention functions from water content may lead to non‐representative results.For this reason, the aim of this study was to measure non‐invasively representative retention functions including their hysteresis of large sand samples using radar transmission data. Experiments were conducted in a two metre high rectangular Plexiglas© tank with a sample volume of 0.6 m3, being the main component of the set up. Implemented radar transmission measurements provided profiles of the dielectric constant across the transition between the water saturated zone and unsaturated soil zone. The spatiotemporal variations of water content induced by the multi‐step‐outflow/ inflow method were monitored with fixed transmitter‐receiver‐positions.A new petrophysical model, applicable to sand and incorporating the dielectric effect of hydraulic residual water, was developed to transform radar traveltimes into volumetric water content. This model can be easily calibrated on the basis of the monitored water contents at a fixed site because it includes the defined hydraulic conditions of fully gravitational drainage and full water saturation. Even the consideration of just two water phases with different dielectric properties allowed a satisfactory fitting. Following from the study, a complete retention function was obtained for each sand sample and characterized by a set of van‐Genuchten‐parameters. The work demonstrated that if a reference level of the water table is known from independent measurements, it is possible to determine retention functions reliably. Despite the fact, however, that further experiments are required, the results of this investigation offer a powerful tool for in situ determination of retention functions and the estimation of van‐Genuchten parameters with radar measurements, either in boreholes or from the surface.
Global inversion of GPR traveltimes to assess uncertainties in CMP velocity models
Authors: Hamann Göran , Tronicke Jens 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTVelocity models are essential to process two‐ and three‐dimensional ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data. Furthermore, velocity information aids the interpretation of such data sets because velocity variations reflect important material properties such as water content. In many GPR applications, common midpoint (CMP) surveys are routinely collected to determine one‐dimensional velocity models at selected locations. To analyse CMP data gathers, spectral velocity analyses relying on the normal‐moveout (NMO) model are commonly employed. Using Dix’s formula, the derived NMO velocities can be further converted to interval velocities which are needed for processing and interpretation. Because of the inherent assumptions and limitations of such approaches, we investigate and propose an alternative procedure based on the global inversion of reflection travel‐times. We use a finite‐difference solver of the Eikonal equation to accurately solve the forward problem in combination with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find one‐dimensional GPR velocity models explaining our data. Because PSO is a robust and efficient global optimization tool, our inversion approach includes generating an ensemble of representative solutions that allows us to analyse uncertainties in the model space. Using synthetic data examples, we test and evaluate our inversion approach to analyse CMP data collected across typical near‐surface environments. Application to a field data set recorded at a well‐constrained test site including a comparison to independent borehole and direct‐push data, further illustrates the potential of the proposed approach, which includes a straightforward and understandable appraisal of non‐uniqueness and uncertainty issues, respectively. We conclude that our methodology is a feasible and powerful tool to analyse GPR CMP data and allows practitioners and researchers to evaluate the reliability of CMP derived velocity models.
Le vaisselier du vin (xiiie-xvie siècle). Contribution à l’histoire du goût
Authors: Alexandre-Bidon Danièle 
Published: July 2014

Au xiiie siècle, de nouveaux objets propres au service du vin sont fabriqués par les artisans potiers et verriers. Ils font écho aux manières de table et à l’intérêt pour l’œnologie qui se diffusent à cette même date. La transparence du verre et les décors des pichets en céramique sont autant de révélateurs de l’évolution des modes de consommation. Une catégorie particulière d’ustensiles de table, les pots surprise (puzzle jugs) et les verres trompeurs, dévoile même un aspect non renseigné par les sources écrites de la convivialité du vin, fondée sur le rire comme facteur d’agrégation au sein d’un groupe social.
Les vignes et vignerons d’Orléans à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Michaud-Fréjaville Françoise 
Published: July 2014

Orléans, grande ville du domaine royal à la fin du Moyen Âge était réputée pour son fleuve et son Université, mais aussi pour son immense vignoble dont la production faisait vivre une bonne partie de la population, dans et hors les murs. La documentation est inégale et provient de quelques établissements religieux mais surtout d’assez riches fonds de notaires et de la comptabilité urbaine. On trouve des clos de vigne dans les quarante-trois paroisses environnantes et jusqu’aux remparts de la cité ; il y pousse de l’« auvernat », du pinot noir, du fromenteau. L’important trafic de vin a provoqué la création de l’impôt du « douzième » du vin acheté, une des ressources principales de la ville après 1385. Les façons n’ont rien de particulier, sinon qu’elles sont souvent menées par des entrepreneurs qui font travailler des apprentis bien trop âgés pour ne pas être des ouvriers à bas coût qui finissent même par prendre la place des femmes lors des vendanges.
Entre le trauma et le coma
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: July 2014

Le terme de « création » s’agissant de la production artistique ne nous semble pas approprié. Parce que le modèle est théologique, cette référence n’apparaissant qu’avec le Romantisme. Il est d’autant plus inapproprié à l’ère numérique où l’artiste n’a plus affaire à de la matière au sens propre, mais à du langage. Ce terme n’avait aucun sens pour les Grecs, où la mémoire était la « mère des Muses. »Cette maternité peut d’ailleurs être remise en cause, si l’on considère les cas de certains peintres comme Sam Francis aux États-Unis, Beuys en ex-RFA ou Germain Rœsz en France. Quelles sont les caractéristiques d’une production qui surgit après un coma ? Nous nous intéresserons donc à des artistes dont l’horizon ne fut pas muséal. Mais hospitalier, dans un sens large…
Pour une esthétique benjaminienne : couleur, pore, pli
Authors: Skopin Denis 
Published: July 2014

Ce texte s’interroge sur la possibilité de l’esthétique benjaminienne en peinture. À la suite des travaux de J.-L. Déotte, il essaie de dégager quelques concepts importants pour l’esthétique du jeune Benjamin, tels que la couleur, le pore, le pli, le tissu, et de montrer comment ces concepts font leur apparition dans la peinture de G. Rœsz.
Le cinéma et la photographie face à la violence extrême
Authors: Vera Adolfo 
Published: July 2014

Siegfried Kracauer est l’un des premiers philosophes (avec Walter Benjamin) à avoir développé les rapports entre les aspects techniques des appareils de reproduction mécanique d’images et les questions politiques qui déchirent la pensée après les grandes catastrophes de la modernité. L’analyse des implications politiques que les moyens techniques de représentation peuvent avoir lorsqu’il s’agit justement de « représenter » ce qui détruit la représentation elle-même devra nécessairement se confronter à la théorie de Kracauer ; théorie selon laquelle l’écran photo-cinématographique peut s’identifier au bouclier poli donné par Athéna à Persée et grâce auquel celui-ci a pu contempler, sans mourir, le visage de la Gorgone. La mise au jour des éléments théoriques indispensables pour la compréhension d’une telle conception sera exemplifiée par le documentaire récent d’un jeune réalisateur chilien : La ciudad de los fotógrafos (Sebastian Moreno, Chili, 2006).
La villégiature balnéaire sur la Côte de Caen au xixe siècle : représentations à travers les guides touristiques et les journaux balnéaires
Authors: Brémond Sandie 
Published: July 2014

Guides touristiques et journaux balnéaires portent chacun un regard particulier sur la Côte de Caen, d’où l’intérêt de leur étude parallèle pour mieux appréhender cette vie balnéaire durant la saison. Pour ces compagnons du villégiateur, tout est bon pour valoriser ces stations balnéaires, mais chacun a son style et ses intérêts. Les guides à l’allure formatée présentent plus volontiers des itinéraires tandis que les journaux balnéaires tendent à se démarquer par leur ton, celui de l’humour, et par de multiples anecdotes ponctuant leurs colonnes, lesquelles exposent la vie balnéaire de ces « petits trous pas chers ».
La villégiature en Île-de-France, une évidence
Authors: Bussière Roselyne 
Published: July 2014

Plus de trente ans de travaux du service de l’Inventaire en Île-de-France ont permis d’engranger une connaissance approfondie du territoire qui a été répertorié. Si le patrimoine de la villégiature n’a pas fait l’objet d’études thématiques, il n’en est pas moins omniprésent dans des lieux attendus, comme Le Vésinet mais aussi plus cachés comme Porcheville. En Île-de-France, la présence des élites parisiennes et versaillaises est le facteur le plus déterminant du développement de la villégiature. Au xviiie siècle, maisons de plaisance et maisons de campagne se multiplient mettant en place une typologie en trois déclinaisons (l’« excentrique », le « simple », le « château ») qui a la vie longue. La passion pour les paysages guide les implantations. Ces caractères perdurent au xixe siècle : il n’y a pas de rupture, seulement un élargissement géographique et social. Lotissements concertés, colonies, lotissements diffus recherchent les mêmes sites privilégiés, parcs de château, forêts, bords de fleuve. Les maisons de villégiature se dotent d’éléments distinctifs, le belvédère, la salle de billard, le salon de musique, le parc avec grotte, autant d’éléments hérités des siècles antérieurs et qui sont repris dans l’architecture urbaine, si bien que le paysage urbain de la banlieue est directement marqué par celui de la villégiature.
A Novel Murine Cytomegalovirus Vaccine Vector Protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Beverley Peter C. L. , Ruzsics Zsolt , Hey Ariann , Hutchings Claire , Boos Simone , Bolinger Beatrice , Marchi Emanuele , O'Hara Geraldine , Klenerman Paul , Koszinowski Ulrich H. , Tchilian Elma Z. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a global health problem so that a more effective vaccine than bacillus Calmette–Guérin is urgently needed. Cytomegaloviruses persist lifelong in vivo and induce powerful immune and increasing (“inflationary”) responses, making them attractive vaccine vectors. We have used an m1–m16-deleted recombinant murine CMV (MCMV) expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag 85A to show that infection of mice with this recombinant significantly reduces the mycobacterial load after challenge with M. tuberculosis, whereas control empty virus has a lesser effect. Both viruses induce immune responses to H-2d–restricted epitopes of MCMV pp89 and M18 Ags characteristic of infection with other MCMVs. A low frequency of 85A-specific memory cells could be revealed by in vivo or in vitro boosting or after challenge with M. tuberculosis. Kinetic analysis of M. tuberculosis growth in the lungs of CMV-infected mice shows early inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth abolished by treatment with NK-depleting anti–asialo ganglio-N-tetraosylceramide Ab. Microarray analysis of the lungs of naive and CMV-infected mice shows increased IL-21 mRNA in infected mice, whereas in vitro NK assays indicate increased levels of NK activity. These data indicate that activation of NK cells by MCMV provides early nonspecific protection against M. tuberculosis, potentiated by a weak 85A-specific T cell response, and they reinforce the view that the innate immune system plays an important role in both natural and vaccine-induced protection against M. tuberculosis.