bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which Polarimetric Variables Are Important for Weather/No-Weather Discrimination?
Authors: Lakshmanan Valliappa , Karstens Christopher , Krause John , Elmore Kim , Ryzhkov Alexander , Berkseth Samantha 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecently, a radar data quality control algorithm has been devised to discriminate between weather echoes and echoes due to nonmeteorological phenomena, such as bioscatter, instrument artifacts, and ground clutter (Lakshmanan et al.), using the values of polarimetric moments at and around a range gate. Because the algorithm was created by optimizing its weights over a large reference dataset, statistical methods can be employed to examine the importance of the different variables in the context of discriminating between weather and no-weather echoes. Among the variables studied for their impact on the ability to identify and censor nonmeteorological artifacts from weather radar data, the method of successive permutations ranks the variance of Zdr, the reflectivity structure of the virtual volume scan, and the range derivative of the differential phase on propagation [PhiDP (Kdp)] as the most important. The same statistical framework can be used to study the impact of calibration errors in variables such as Zdr. The effects of Zdr calibration errors were found to be negligible.
Communication of a schizophrenia diagnosis: A qualitative study of patients’ perspectives
Authors: Loughland Carmel , Cheng Kylie , Harris Gillian , Kelly Brian , Cohen Martin , Sandhu Harsimrat , Varmos Marina , Levin Tomer T , Bylund Carma , Landa Yulia , Outram Sue 
Published: April 2015

Background: Transparent diagnostic communication is considered best practice for clinicians. However, while patients expect to receive a schizophrenia diagnosis from their psychiatrist, research suggests mental health clinicians are often reluctant to provide this information to patients. Aim: This study examines the perceptions of people with schizophrenia surrounding the communication of this diagnosis. Methods: A generic qualitative methodological approach was used. A total of 14 patients with schizophrenia were recruited through community mental health services ( n = 10) and the Australia Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB; n = 4) in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore the experiences and perceptions of people with schizophrenia about the way a schizophrenia diagnosis was communicated by mental health clinicians. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, codes generated and thematic analysis undertaken aided by NVivo. Results: The majority of participants felt it was beneficial to receive a diagnosis despite acknowledging the distress this information sometimes caused, with many reporting this knowledge gave a sense of relief. It helped to understand their experiences and behaviours, improved their trust in the psychiatric system and increased treatment adherence. However, many reported difficulty in obtaining information about their condition, its treatment and prognosis, and expressed dissatisfaction with the way a diagnosis of schizophrenia was communicated. Discussion: Insight into the perceptions and experiences of patients with schizophrenia about how a diagnosis of schizophrenia is communicated is a key outcome of this research. This knowledge will inform the development of future training programmes for mental health clinicians, and influence the clinical practice of health professionals treating patients with schizophrenia.
Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorder Associated with Streptococcus Immunology
Authors: Walls Andrew , Cubangbang Maricel , Wang Hongkun , Raiji Manish , Knight Josh , Steehler Matthew , Latimer Elizabeth , Harley Earl H. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo elucidate specific cytokine and chemokine markers in patients diagnosed with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcus (PANDAS).Study DesignProspective cohort study.Study settingAcademic university hospital.MethodsTonsil tissue was collected from 24 patients and organized into 3 groups: experimental PANDAS cohort (12 patients), group A beta hemolytic streptococcus control cohort (6 patients), and obstructive sleep apnea control cohort (6 patients). Each tissue sample was extracted with MSD Tris lysis buffer, and protein lysates were analyzed for human chemokines and cytokines by the Human Cytokine 30‐Plex Assay on the Mesoscale System.ResultsWe identified a significant difference in expression regarding the 8 following cytokines when comparing the experimental PANDAS, group A beta hemolytic streptococcus, and obstructive sleep apnea control cohorts: tumor necrosis factor–α and eotaxin‐3. In addition, our group also identified a significant reduction in the expression of interleukin (IL)–8, interferon inducible protein–10, IL‐17a, interferon‐γ, IL‐10, and IL‐12 across the aforementioned groups.ConclusionsPatients diagnosed with PANDAS appear to maintain significantly different concentrations of cytokines when compared with patients afflicted by chronic group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infections and obstructive sleep apnea. As a result, one could potentially use the described characterization of immunologic markers as a basis for future mechanistic and epidemiological studies.
Splitting blood and blood product packaging reduces donor exposure for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Nuszkowski MM , Jonas RA , Zurakowski D , Deutsch N 
Published: April 2015

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital heart surgery requires packed red cells (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to be available, both for priming of the circuit as well as to replace blood loss. This study examines the hypothesis that splitting one unit of packed red blood cells and one unit of fresh frozen plasma into two half units reduces blood product exposure and wastage in the Operating Room. Methods: Beginning August 2013, the blood bank at Children’s National Medical Center began splitting one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and one unit of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The 283 patients who utilized CPB during calendar year 2013 were divided into 2 study groups: before the split and after the split. The principal endpoints were blood product usage and donor exposure intra-operatively and within 72 hours post-operatively. Results: There was a significant decrease in median total donor exposures for FFP and cryoprecipitate from 5 to 4 per case (p = 0.007, Mann-Whitney U-test). However, there was no difference in the volume of blood and blood products used; in fact, there was a significant increase in the amount of FFP that was wasted with the switch to splitting the unit of FFP. Conclusions: We found that modification of blood product packaging can decrease donor exposure. Future investigation is needed as to how to modify packaging to minimize wastage.
Neck and shoulder muscle strength in patients with tension-type headache: A case-control study
Authors: Madsen Bjarne K , Søgaard Karen , Andersen Lars L , Skotte Jørgen H , Jensen Rigmor H 
Published: April 2015

Introduction Tension-type headache (TTH) is highly prevalent in the general population, and it is characterized by increased muscle tenderness with increasing headache frequency and intensity. Aim The aim of this case-control study was to compare muscle strength in neck and shoulder muscles in TTH patients and healthy controls by examining maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) during shoulder abduction, neck flexion and extension as well as the extension/flexion strength ratio of the neck. Methods Sixty TTH patients and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Patients were included if they had TTH ≥8 days per month. The MVC neck extensor and flexor muscles were tested with the participant seated upright. MVC shoulder abduction was tested with the individual lying supine. Results Compared to controls TTH patients had significantly weaker muscle strength in neck extension ( p = 0.02), resulting in a significantly lower extension/flexion moment ratio ( p = 0.03). TTH patients also showed a tendency toward significantly lower muscle strength in shoulder abduction ( p = 0.05). Among the 60 TTH patients, 25 had frequent episodic TTH (FETTH), and 35 had chronic TTH (CTTH). Conclusion Patients with TTH exhibited decreased muscle strength in the neck extensor muscles, inducing a reduced cervical extension/flexion ratio compared to healthy people.
Two-Year Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair in Recreational Athletes Older Than 70 Years
Authors: Bhatia Sanjeev , Greenspoon Joshua A. , Horan Marilee P. , Warth Ryan J. , Millett Peter J. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair in recreational athletes older than 70 years are not widely reported. Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes after arthroscopic repair of full-thickness rotator cuff tears in recreational athletes aged 70 years or older. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Institutional review board approval was obtained before initiation of this study. Data were collected prospectively and were retrospectively reviewed. From December 2005 to August 2012, patients who were at least 70 years of age, who described themselves as recreational athletes, and who underwent a primary or revision arthroscopic repair of full-thickness supraspinatus tears by a single surgeon were identified from a surgical registry. Demographic data, surgical data, and the following pre- and postoperative clinical outcomes scores were collected: American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH), Short Form–12 Physical Component Summary (SF-12 PCS), and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Acromiohumeral distance and Goutallier classifications were recorded. Patient satisfaction (range, 1-10, 10 = best) and reasons for activity modification were collected at final follow-up. Results: Forty-nine shoulders (44 patients) were included. The mean age was 73 years (range, 70-82 years). There were 33 men and 11 women (5 bilateral). The mean preoperative acromiohumeral distance was 9.2 mm (range, 3.0-15.9 mm). All patients had Goutallier classifications of 0, 1, or 2. Mean follow-up was 3.6 years (range, 2.0-6.9 years) in 43 of 49 (88%) shoulders. No rotator cuff repairs were revised, however, 1 patient had surgical treatment for stiffness. All postoperative outcomes measures demonstrated significant improvements when compared with their preoperative baselines. The mean ASES score was 90.3 (range, 60-100), the mean SANE score was 85.1 (range, 29-100), the mean QuickDASH score was 11.3 (0-50), and the mean SF-12 PCS score was 51.6 (range, 38-58) with a median patient satisfaction of 10 (range, 1-10). Patients who modified their recreational activities due to postoperative weakness were significantly less satisfied ( P = .018). In this study, 24 of 31 (77%) who responded were able to return to their sport at a similar level of intensity. Conclusion: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was highly effective at reducing pain, improving function, and returning patients to sport in recreational athletes 70 years of age and older.
A Community Health Clinic Breastfeeding-Friendly Pilot
Authors: Johnson Donna B. , Lamson Erica , Schwartz Rachel , Goldhammer Camie , Ellings Amy 
Published: April 2015

Background: Implementing evidence-based practices and policies for breastfeeding support in community clinics is a promising, but challenging, approach to reducing disparities in breastfeeding rates. Objective: This study aimed to apply a policy process research framework to increase knowledge of factors that facilitate adoption and implementation of breastfeeding policy changes. Methods: In 2013, Washington State piloted a process to encourage 8 clinics to adopt and implement steps to become breastfeeding friendly. Evaluation data were collected through interviews, project reports, training evaluations, and pre– and post–self-assessments of achievement of the steps. Results: In 6 months, clinics increased the breastfeeding-friendly steps that they were implementing from a median (interquartile range) of 1.5 (0-3) to 6 (5-7). Improvements were most likely in the steps that required the fewest resources and administrative changes. Barriers to implementation included misperceptions about breastfeeding and breastfeeding support; lack of administrative “buy-in”; need for organizational changes to accommodate actions like monitoring breastfeeding rates and allowing providers training time; and the social-political climate of the clinic. Several factors, including actions taken by public health practitioners, enhanced the change process. These included fostering supportive relationships, targeting technical assistance, and providing resources for planning and training. Conclusion: This pilot project demonstrates that it is possible to make changes in breastfeeding support practices and policies in community clinics. Recommendations to enhance future work include framing and marketing breastfeeding support in ways that resonate with clinic decision makers and enhancing training, resources, and advocacy to build capacity for internal and external systems changes to support breastfeeding best practices.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy as Treatments for Academic Procrastination
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhou Ya , Yu Shi , Ran Li-Wen , Liu Xiang-Ping , Chen Yu-Fei 
Published: April 2015

Objective: This study tested the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), compared with Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy (CBT), in alleviating academic procrastination. Method: A total of 60 (53.3% male) undergraduates suffering from academic procrastination were randomly assigned to two treatment groups (ACT and CBT) and a control group. The procrastination symptoms and related psychological mechanisms were assessed immediately after the closure of treatment and at 3-month follow-up (FU). Results: Both therapies showed remarkable short-term effects in decreasing procrastination, but ACT had a better long-term effect. Participants achieved self-esteem enhancement through treatment of both ACT and CBT. While ACT significantly decreased negative affect and improved neuroticism, CBT had a stronger effect on time management. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both CBT and ACT are effective interventions for procrastinators but may have different therapeutic mechanisms.
Temporary Internal Fixation for Ligamentous and Osseous Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Abbasian Mohammad Reza , Paradies Felix , Weber Martin , Krause Fabian 
Published: April 2015

Background: Open rather than closed reduction and internal fixation as well as primary definitive arthrodesis are well accepted for ligamentous and osseous Lisfranc injuries. For ligamentous injuries, a better outcome after primary definitive partial arthrodesis has been published. Methods: Of 135 Lisfranc injuries that were treated from 1998 to 2012 with open reduction, temporary internal fixation by screws and plates, and restricted weight bearing in a lower leg cast for 3 months followed by an arch support for another 4 to 6 weeks, 29 ligamentous Lisfranc injuries were available for follow-up. They were compared with 29 osseous Lisfranc injuries matched in age and gender. Results: Between the groups, there were no significant differences in average age (39.9 vs 38 years) or in average follow-up time (8.3 vs 9.1 years). Also, no significant differences were seen in the AOFAS midfoot score (84 vs 85.3 points), the FFI pain scale (9.9 vs 14.9 points), SF 36 physical component (56.2 vs 53.9 points), SF 36 mental component (57 vs 56.4 points), or VAS for pain (1.6 vs 1.5 points). The FFI function scale was significantly lower in the ligamentous group (11.6 vs 19.5 points). Radiographically, loss of reduction was recorded 3 times in the ligamentous injuries and 4 times in the osseous injuries. Arthritis was mild/moderate/severe in 5/3/0 ligamentous injuries and in 7/2/1 osseous injuries, requiring 1 definitive secondary Lisfranc arthrodesis in each group. Conclusion: With longer and conservative postoperative management, open reduction and temporary internal fixation in ligamentous and osseous Lisfranc injuries led to equal medium-term outcome. Inferior outcome in ligamentous injuries was not found. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative cohort study.
Euromech 563 Cisterna di Latina 17–21 March 2014 Generalized continua and their applications to the design of composites and metamaterials: A review of presentations and discussions
Authors: Placidi Luca , Giorgio Ivan , Della Corte Alessandro , Scerrato Daria 
Published: April 2015

In the present paper, a rational report on Euromech 563, Generalized continua and their applications to the design of composites and metamaterials (Cisterna di Latina 17–21 March 2014), is provided. The frank and constructive spirit which animated the workshop by Dell’Isola et al. ( ZAMM 2014; 94(5): 367–372) also characterized Euromech Colloquium 563. All presentations were video-recorded and are freely available online at the address http://www.memocsevents.eu/euromech563/?page_id=1013 . The topics treated were selected by the organizers in order to allow a comparison of the available experimental evidence with the predictive capability of current theoretical models. The numerical investigations selected and presented aimed to make more effective the aforementioned comparison. The interested reader will find more details about the colloquium at the dedicated webpage http://www.memocsevents.eu/euromech563 . The design and use of advanced materials and structural elements requires an extensive and rigorous process of mathematical modeling. The organizers of Euromech 563, being aware of this need, have chosen as participants renowned and reputed scientists (and some promising young researchers) who all agree on recognizing to mathematical sciences their role of unifying and coordinating tool in the effort for the advance of technology. The Colloquium has indeed surely contributed to the development of more advanced technological possibilities and to the theoretical conception of completely new ones.
Dysplastic Nevus
Authors: Sapra Priya , Rosen Cheryl , Siddha Sanjay , Lynde Charles W. 
Published: April 2015

Background: The management of dysplastic nevi is controversial. No studies have collected data regarding management of the lesion amongst Canadian dermatologists. Objective: To provide a comprehensive review of what the prevailing opinions are, regarding treatment and terminology of dysplastic nevi, amongst Canadian dermatologists. Methods: An online survey of 25 questions was e-mailed to 613 members of the Canadian Dermatology Association, in French and English. Results: A total of 179 responses were received. Varying numbers of participants completed each question. The majority of participants think that the term dysplastic nevus should not be abandoned, and they indicated that they never reexcise lesions with mild to moderate atypia even when the margins are positive. Conclusions: The majority of Canadian dermatologists retain the use of the term dysplastic nevus and do not reexcise lesions with mild to moderate atypia even when the margins are positive.
A randomized comparison of daunorubicin 90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2 in AML induction: results from the UK NCRI AML17 trial in 1206 patients
Authors: Burnett Alan K. , Russell Nigel H. , Hills Robert K. , Kell Jonathan , Cavenagh Jamie , Kjeldsen Lars , McMullin Mary-Frances , Cahalin Paul , Dennis Mike , Friis Lone , Thomas Ian F. , Milligan Don , Clark Richard E. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
In a first randomized comparison of daunorubicin dose in induction (90 mg/m2 vs 60 mg/m2) for AML, no evidence of overall benefit was seen with the 90 mg/m2 dose. There was no disease subgroup in which benefit could be shown.
The epidemiology of primary headache disorders in Zambia: a population-based door-to-door survey
Authors: Mbewe Edward , Zairemthiama Pachuau , Yeh Hsueh-Han , Paul Ravi , Birbeck Gretchen L , Steiner Timothy J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
Little is known of the epidemiology of primary headache disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. We performed a population-based survey in Zambia using methods previously tested in multiple other countries.

Methods
This cross-sectional survey was conducted by visiting households unannounced, using cluster-randomized sampling, in the mostly urban Lusaka Province and mostly rural Southern Province. Within clusters, households were selected randomly, as was one adult member (18-65 years old) of each selected household. A structured questionnaire, translated into the local languages, was administered face-to-face by trained interviewers. Demographic enquiry was followed by diagnostic questions based on ICHD-II criteria. A random sub-sample of participants were invited for subsequent physician-interview to validate the diagnostic part of the questionnaire.

Results
Of 1,134 eligible household members contacted, 1,085 (450 male, 887 urban) consented to interview (refusal rate 4.3%). Others who had been selected but remained unavailable on three visits were not counted as refusals since their reasons were unknown, but gave rise to gender biases, being mostly male in urban areas and mostly female in rural areas. Statistical correction was applied. Adjusted for gender and habitation (urban/rural), the 1-year prevalence of any headache was 61.6%, of migraine 22.9%, of tension-type headache (TTH) 22.8%, of headache on ≥15 days/month 11.5% and of probable medication-overuse headache (pMOH) 7.1%. The adjusted point-prevalence of any headache (headache yesterday) was 19.1%. There was a small proportion (5.3%) of unclassified headache, some of which may have been secondary. The overwhelmingly strong association was between urban dwelling and pMOH (OR: 8.6; P=0.0001), with an urban prevalence of 14.5% (gender-adjusted). Validation of the questionnaire was limited by participants’ reluctance to present for physician review, substantial delays in doing so and major self-selection bias among those who did. These were unavoidable problems in resource-limited Zambia.

Conclusions
Primary headache disorders, common in high-income countries, are at least as prevalent in Zambia, a sub-Saharan African country. The selectively urban problem of pMOH seems likely to reflect ready availability of non-prescription analgesics, without easy access to professional health care for headache or any focused public-health education regarding correct usage of analgesics or the dangers of their overuse.