bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Son la sensibilidad y la especificidad medidas obsoletas para determinar la bondad de una prueba diagnóstica?
Authors: Sánchez T Noel Antonio 
Published: July 2024

En este artículo se presenta la discusión de las ventajas atribuidas por algunos autores a los nuevos conceptos de los cocientes de probabilidades con respecto a los conceptos clásicos de sensibilidad y especificidad, conceptos importantes para la evaluación de pruebas diagnósticas en el campo de la epidemiologia clínica. Con el fin de ilustrar las ventajas y desventajas de estos dos enfoques, se calculan las probabilidades posprueba para distintas prevalencias y niveles categóricos mediante el teorema de Bayes en el caso de los conceptos clásicos, y de la razón de probabilidades, en el caso de los conceptos modernos, utilizando para ello como ejemplo los resultados de una variación diagnostica para la anemia ferropénica. De ello resulta que tanto los cocientes de probabilidades como la sensibilidad y la especificidad permiten calcular la probabilidad posprueba para diferentes valores de la prevalencia, pueden obtenerse para pruebas con más de dos resultados, permanecen invariables ante cambios en al prevalencia de la enfermedad y permiten convertir rápidamente la probabilidad preprueba en probabilidad posprueba mediante el uso del nomograma de Fagan. Se concluye que tanto los conceptos nuevos como antiguos sirven para evaluar la bondad de una prueba diagnóstica y que, para tal fin, pueden considerarse equivalentes. La elección de una estrategia o de la otra depende ya de aspectos y consideraciones más subjetivas, como la comprensión o la recordación de los conceptos.
El enfoque sociopolítico para el análisis de las reformas sanitarias en América Latina
Authors: Hernández A Mario 
Published: July 2024

La pregunta central de este artículo es: ¿por qué el sistema de salud colombiano ha sido ubicado en el primer lugar en América Latina en la evaluación de desempeño realizada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)? Desde enfoque denominado sociopolítico, se arriesga una respuesta de dos términos: primero, por que la OMS incorpora el modelo hegemónico o de predominante de las reformas de los sistemas de salud en el mundo en la década de los noventa, y el y de sistema de seguridad social en salud de Colombia es el las parecido a dicho modelo. Segundo, esta correspondencia se basa en que el proceso sociopolítico colombiano ha construido una cultura política en el campo de la salud de corte liberal, individualista, basada en la propiedad y la caridad como ejes de la organización y la distribución de los servicios de salud. El análisis sociopolítico de largo plazo permite de mostrar la relación entre los dos componentes de esta respuesta hipotética, y la comparación entre países latinoamericanos permita corroborarla.
Signos vitales del sector salud en Antioquia
Authors: Restrepo Z Jairo , Salazar R Verónica 
Published: July 2024

La reforma colombiana sobre salud y seguridad social (Ley 100 de 1993) constituye una de las políticas públicas más ambiciosas y complejas, tanto en el contexto de los países de América Latina como en el conjunto de los sectores sociales del país. Es importante conocer los avances, obstáculos y limitaciones que presenta su implementación para extraer conclusiones y enseñanzas que orienten su desarrollo futuro y contribuyan a al formulación de la política sectorial en los pies del área. Con estos propósitos se han realizado esfuerzos encaminados a consolidar u observatorio del sistema general de seguridad social en salud, inspirado en los principios de la Ley: universalidad, solidaridad y eficiencia, lo cual de concreta en el, seguimiento de variables e indicadores claves. En este artículo se presenta un resultado de dicho seguimiento, con una metodología básica y algunos resultados para el caso del departamento de Antioquia, los cuales se concentran en los siguientes ítems: recursos públicos, cobertura de aseguramiento, disponibilidad de recursos y cambios en hospitales (financiamiento y planta personal). Se reiteran las dificultades para alcanzar las principales metas de la Ley 100 en particular la de afiliación total de la población, y se advierten limitaciones estructurales del sistema vigente.
La violencia cotidiana en Colombia y el papel de la universidad
Authors: Duque R Luis Fernando 
Published: July 2024

Se presentan algunos datos sobre la magnitud e importancia de la violencia en Colombia, con énfasis en la violencia cotidiana de las ciudades. Se hace un recuento de los principales factores asociados con la violencia cotidiana a la luz del modelo ecológico integrado por factores personales, factores del entorno familiar cercano, factores comunitarios y factores macrosocilaes y macroeconómicos. Se presentan bases y un ejemplo de programas para la prevención y control de la violencia y, por ultimo, se sugieren campos de acción para las universidades en la tarea y responsabilidad de disminuir la violencia
Incorporação de Estocasticidade em Ferramenta Computacional para Dimensionamento de Reservatórios
Authors: Santos Araújo José Eduardo , Porto Siqueira José Ítalo , Celeste Alcigeimes B. 
Published: July 2024

Esta pesquisa objetivou introduzir estocasticidade e refinar um modelo de otimização matemática para dimensionamento de reservatórios que incorpora índices de desempenho de modo que a capacidade útil de armazenamento seja determinada assumindo que falhas de atendimento possam ocorrer durante a operação do sistema. O modelo original faz parte do pacote \texttt{reservoir}, uma ferramenta para análise, dimensionamento e operação de reservatórios de abastecimento d'água, desenvolvida na linguagem de programação \texttt{R}. Obteve-se um refinamento do modelo por meio da introdução de um procedimento estocástico baseado em simulações Monte Carlo capaz de encontrar a capacidade mínima necessária perante confiabilidade mínima preestabelecida, diante de um risco (também prefixado) de que a capacidade encontrada não forneça a confiabilidade requerida. Em todos os testes conduzidos, foi constatado que a confiabilidade perante o risco foi maior que a confiabilidade inicial proposta, de forma que o risco real foi inferior ao risco fixado inicialmente, validando assim o procedimento estocástico de cálculo da capacidade. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v9iss2p36
Influence of Spirituality Leadership Cultures Cognitive Processes Personal Attitude To Leadership Integrity Through Decision Making In Lembang District Tana Toraja And Toraja – North, Indonesia
Authors: Goti Matius 
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This research was conducted to see the intricate relationships between spirituality, local leadership cultures, cognitive processes, and personal attitudes towards leadership integrity, specifically through decision-making in Lembang District, Tana Toraja, and Toraja Utara in Indonesia. These regions are renowned for their rich cultural heritage and unique leadership traditions deeply rooted in spirituality. Data collection was achieved through the distribution of questionnaires to various respondents. The gathered data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The findings reveal that To Parenge''s leadership spirituality, personal attitude and decision-making significantly influence To Parenge''s leadership integrity, decision-making in the ten Lembang in Tana Toraja and North Toraja regencies.
Negación y modales deónticos de obligación en español: el caso de "deber" y "tener que"
Authors: Flores Salvo Camila , Jaque Hidalgo Matías 
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo aborda la relación entre la negación y las perífrasis modales deónticas del español deber + infinitivo y tener que + infinitivo, que difieren en la relación de alcance que establecen con la negación: mientras deber posee un alcance amplio, tener que exhibe preferentemente un alcance estrecho. Nuestro principal objetivo es establecer las propiedades específicas que motivarían la conducta de deber como término de polaridad positiva (TPP). Proponemos que la noción de “obligación” se deriva, siguiendo a Ramchand (2018), de dos operaciones semánticas distintas: tener que expresaría una selección exhaustiva de alternativas; en cambio, deber expresaría una selección exclusiva, por la cual se selecciona la situación más altamente valuada dado un orden de preferencia de base deóntica. El trabajo muestra que una de las principales consecuencias de esta diferencia es la distribución de las lecturas implicativas en indefinido, obligatoria para tener que.
Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Terhadap Kegiatan Produksi Pentol Corah dan Otak-Otak Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo
Authors: Listiani Vita , Rizal Fitra 
Published: July 2024

Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo Business is a business engaged in the field of culinary that produces pentol corah and otak-otak typical of Madiun City. Deep Production activities need to pay attention to Islamic production ethics by fulfilling Islamic principles. According to Yusuf Qardhawi, principles in production Islamic is producing in the scope of halal, protection of natural resources, and pay attention to targets. But the facts on the ground are still business people that violates Islamic business ethics towards production activities, such as addition substances that are haram, and there are producers who use tiren meat so that will harm consumers. Consumer losses in the form of material loss, declining health, and loss of consumer trust and loyalty Decreased. The purpose of this study is to analyze the application of activities production of pentol corah and otak-otak in Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo, driving factors and constraints on the application of Islamic business ethics to pentol corah production activities and the brains of Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo, and the impact of implementing production activities pentol corah and otak-otak in Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo. Types of research used is field research using qualitative methods with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are carried out by tactics interviews, observations, and documentation. Data sources obtained in the study are: primary data and secondary data. The results of this study show that application of business ethics to the production activities of pentol corah and otak-otak Assegaf Jaya Ponorogo is producing in a halal scope, namely using materials halal standards, do not mix haram, maintain cleanliness and have have a halal certificate from MUI, protection of natural resources with no the existence of production waste that damages the environment, paying attention to targets in the form of the creation of individual self-sufficiency and people's self-sufficiency. Driving factors in the form of A workforce that works according to expertise, sufficient capital, and the use of materials halal standard. Obstacles in the form of scarcity of raw materials for making brains, namely: mackerel and replace it with swordfish. Impact of ethical implementation Islamic business on production activities is a positive impact that can be felt by business owners, labor, and consumers. While the negative impact is in the form of scarcity of raw materials for brain production that affects satisfaction
Factors associated with stigma in adult women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections in China: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Wei Yaodi , Liu Hongyuan , Jiang Peng , Li Zhi , Zhao Yu , Wang Shiyu , Fan Siyu , Zhang Na , Liu Fengping , Feng Ninghan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) pose significant risks to women’s physical and mental well-being, with the existence of social stigma further exacerbating the issue. Despite the prevalence and impact of this condition, there is a notable dearth of research exploring the specific stigma associated with uUTIs among women, particularly in regard to the influential factors. The current study seeks to address this gap in the literature, providing evidence of such stigma within the female population in China and identifying the key factors that contribute to its stigma.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and June 2023, during which samples were collected from 240 adult women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections from various healthcare facilities in Wuxi, China. General information questionnaires, the Chinese Version of the Social Impact Scale (range 24 to 96), the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, the Self-Rated Anxiety Scale and the Self-Rated Depression Scale were used. The influences associated with disease stigma were analyzed using a series of multiple regression models.
Results
The average stigma score of all participants was 2.71 ± 0.37, indicating a moderate level of shame. Multiple regression analyses revealed significant factors influencing stigma in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections, including symptom duration, typical uncomplicated urinary tract infections symptoms, frequency of uncomplicated urinary tract infections episodes, disease knowledge, anxiety and depression levels, and social support.
Conclusion
Higher stigma levels in women with uncomplicated urinary tract infections correlated with increased anxiety and depression, reduced social support, frequent uncomplicated urinary tract infections episodes, longer symptom durations, limited disease knowledge, and typical symptoms such as urinary frequency and urgency. These findings stress the necessity of reducing stigma's impact on women's well-being with uncomplicated urinary tract infections.
Multi-approach assessment for predicting submerged discharge reduction factor in porous broad-crested weirs
Authors: Seif Yeganeh , Arman Ali , Rahmanshahi Mostafa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Environmentally friendly porous weirs have attracted the attention of researchers and engineers due to their favorable characteristics, surpassing solid weirs in terms of environmental impact, hydraulic performance, and stability. However, accurately estimating the submerged discharge coefficient for porous weirs is challenging due to the complex flow mechanisms involved, particularly under submerged conditions. The discharge under submerged conditions is typically expressed as a multiple of the free flow discharge, along with a coefficient representing the submerged discharge reduction factor (SDRF). This study aims to propose a novel artificial intelligence framework that incorporates metaheuristic techniques to predict SDRF for porous broad-crested weirs (PBCWs). The research utilized generalized normal distribution optimization (GNDO) to optimize the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model, enabling more precise predictions. The performance of the hybrid MLP-GNDO model was compared to that of an MLP, gene-expression programming (GEP), and standard nonlinear regression (SNR) models. A dataset comprising 966 observed experiments was employed to evaluate the proposed models. The results demonstrated that the hybrid MLP-GNDO model outperformed the MLP, GEP, and SR models, achieving a root mean square error of 0.021 and 0.022 and an R2 value of 0.964 and 0.954 for the training and test datasets, respectively. This model accurately predicted the train and test datasets with an average error rate of less than 2%. Regarding accuracy, the models ranked in the following order: MLP, GEP, and SNR.
Enhancing the Motor Learning: Clinical Pilates Training for Parkinson's Disease: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Çoban Fahriye , Kaygısız Beliz Belgen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The Parkinsonpilates is a clinical Pilates training designed to improve motor learning, postural stability, and gait, may be beneficial for individuals with Parkinson's disease (iwPD). The main objective of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) is to provide evidence for the acceptability of the Parkinsonpilates as a new approach and to investigate the clinical outcomes.
Methods: 30 iwPD will be recruited for this study and also, the participants have to be in Hoehn Yahr stage 2-3. The participants will be randomly assigned to the Parkinsonpilates Group(PP) and Conventional Physiotherapy(CP) Group. Also, they will be evaluated 4 times in a 6 months. According to the evaluation schedule, the first evaluation will be before starting treatment(T0), the second evaluation will be 6 weeks after treatment(T6), post-treatment evaluation which will be at the end of 12th week(T12) and the follow-up will be 12 weeks after treatment ends (T24). The evaluation of patients' physical and motor skills will utilize The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III subscale. To gauge functional mobility, we will administer the Timed Up and Go Test(TUG). Assessment of dynamic balance will be carried out with the Functional Reach Test(FRT), and evaluation of postural control and dynamic balance will be conducted using the Berg Balance Scale. Furthermore, the Gait and Balance Scale (GABS) will be employed to evaluate patients' gait, balance, and functional capacities. Additionally, the reaction time will be measured using the Nelson foot reaction test.
Discussion: Building upon our previous research, which underscored the potential efficacy of clinical Pilates in PD management, our aim is to highlight the potential long-term impacts of integrating motor learning principles into clinical Pilates interventions for PD patients. Through this study, we aim to underscore the significance of such an integrated approach in fostering sustained improvements in PD symptoms and overall well-being.
Trial Registration: This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05899426 (June,2023) under the name ‘The Motor Learning-based Clinical Pilates Rehabilitation Protocol for Patients with Parkinson's Disease’.
Predictor factor for growth and development status in cholestasis jaundice children, a cross sectional study
Authors: Seratin Fiha , Fadlyana Eddy , Ermaya Yudith Setiati 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cholestasis jaundice refers to a condition where there is a decrease in bile secretion and flow, which can be categorized as either intrahepatic or extrahepatic. It is characterized by elevated levels of direct bilirubin, typically exceeding 1 mg/dL. This condition may lead to growth and developmental disorders in children. Screening for growth and development disorders can be measured by using WHO growth standard and Denver II tools. This research aims to investigate the factors predicting the growth and developmental status of children affected by cholestasis jaundice, employing WHO growth standards and the Denver II tools for analysis.
Methods
This study is a cross-sectional analysis involving 61 children aged 0–3 years diagnosed with cholestasis jaundice. The research was conducted at The Hasan Sadikin General Hospital gastrohepatology clinic between September and November 2023, utilizing both laboratory and imaging examinations. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through direct interviews with parents or guardians. Body weight and height measurements were taken using weight scales and length boards or stadiometers. The developmental status of the children was assessed using the Denver II tools. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.00.
Results
33 children with intrahepatic cholestasis and 28 extrahepatic cholestasis. Direct bilirubin levels > 5.263 mg/dL and H/LAZ ≤-2.08 SD are predictor factors for the growth and development status of children with cholestasis jaundice.
Conclusions
The findings from direct bilirubin testing and the H/LAZ measurements serve as potential indicators for assessing the growth and developmental status of children affected by cholestasis jaundice.
Positive response of barley to an indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculant is modulated by genotype and environment through changes in AMF root abundance and community structure
Authors: Marrassini Valentina , Ercoli Laura , Paredes Ana Vanessa Aguilar , Pellegrino Elisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In barley cultivation, high use of mineral fertilisers in combination with low crop nutrient use efficiency results in severe environmental and economic issues. In this context, inoculants with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could represent an efficient solution where intensive agriculture negatively impacted soil AM fungal abundance and diversity. However, since crop breeding and environment can strongly affect plant mycorrhizal response, in this work, we tested the agro-ecological effect of field inoculation with a indifìgenous AM fungal consortium on three varieties of barley for two years. In 2020, when soil was clay loam with very low P availability and no drought stress, Atomo and Concerto varieties positively responded to inoculation in terms of AM fungal traits, whereas in 2021, with silty clay loam soil, low P availability and drough stress, only Concerto was responsive. In 2020, inoculation promoted grain yield by 64% and 37% in Atomo and Concerto, and in 2021 by 78% and 134% in Concerto and Atlante. Multivariate analysis highlighted a strong effect of environment on barley productivity and a third-order significant interaction AMF, genotype and environment (65% and 7% of explained variance). Inoculation slightly modified AM fungal composition, it strongly modified, together with plant growth stage, the AM fungal community structures. A significant relationship between root AM fungal abundance and barley productivity was highlighted, with arbuscules as best predictor. Accordingly, changes in AM fungal root community structure and not in composition drove barley response and the main players were Glomus sp. VTX00342 and Septoglomus sp. VTX00064, putative members of the local AM inoculum. The general positive barley productivity outcome supports the use of indigenous AMF for building efficient and ecologically safe inoculants and their inclusion in sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, the selection of genotypes with stable AM fungal response in specific climatic conditions is crucial in biofertilization programmes.
Surveillance for Schmallenberg Virus in Cattle
Authors: Santos Jana Kelly dos , Nascimento Sergio Alves , Silva Karla Patrícia Chaves , Medeiros Elizabeth Sampaio , MAIA RITA DE CASSIA CARVALHO , Junior José Wilton Pinheiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to conduct a serological investigation for Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection in cattle raised in the State of Alagoas. A total of 460 samples obtained from the serum bank of the Agricultural Defense Agency of Alagoas (ADEAL) were analyzed. These samples originated from unvaccinated cattle of 100 properties spread across 99 municipalities in Alagoas, encompassing the three mesoregions: Agreste, Leste, and Sertão. Serological diagnosis was carried out utilizing commercial indirect and competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Results indicated that 0.87% (4 out of 460) of samples yielded questionable results in the indirect ELISA (> 50.00% and ≤ 60.00% of the calculated percentage). Following further examination with competitive ELISA, only one sample was yielded positive. This highlights the necessity for reinforcing regional surveillance and control strategies concerning emerging pathogens. Furthermore, additional investigations incorporating viral isolation in both ruminants and vectors are imperative to conclusively confirm the circulation of the pathogenic agent. Such comprehensive studies are vital for enhancing our understanding of SBV dynamics and facilitating the development of targeted control measures.