bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rethinking informal workplace learning in times of complexity
Authors: Lokhtina Irina A. , Faller Pierre 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
Fast-changing global environment, hybrid and virtual work, today’s workplace is confronted to an unprecedented level of complexity. This conceptual paper aims to explore ways to re-think and adapt informal workplace learning to those recent changes and important dimensions to consider when designing successful learning strategies in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
To let emerge interesting tensions and explore new ways to approach informal workplace learning, the authors first look at recent trends in the workplace environment, then go back to some key concepts and ideas from the literature on informal learning. The authors then present two real-life cases they experimented with as scholar-practitioners that demonstrate the importance of a relational learning environment that encompasses virtuality, adaptive challenges and vertical development.

Findings
The new environment calls for new ways to think about informal workplace learning and how to support it. More than ever, organisations should support a culture that promotes collaboration and interactions across areas of expertise, a key condition for finding solutions to complex problems. In this complex environment, where there is no one right solution, organisations will need to rely on leaders who can become role models and show others how to overcome the silo mentality, engage into collaborative reflections, generate alternatives, experiment and learn quickly from what does or does not work.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature about workplace learning. It extends the understanding of some benefits that informal workplace learning provides to employees in an attempt to become agile practitioners as the work environment quickly changes and becomes more complex.
Digital marketing capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation and franchise systems' performance
Authors: Dermonde Matheus , Brandão Fischer Bruno , Moraes Gustavo Hermínio Salati Marcondes 
Published: July 2024

PurposeWe adopt the conceptual lens of the Dynamic Capabilities Approach to evaluate the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO), Digital Marketing Capabilities (DMC), and Performance in Brazilian franchises.Design/methodology/approachWe applied a survey with franchisors at the Brazilian Franchising Association Expo 2022. Data were collected for 145 franchise systems. We used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling and tested two distinct models. Model 1 presents the direct effects of EO and DMC on Performance. In Model 2 we include the mediation effect of DMC on the relationship between EO and Performance.FindingsAligned with prior literature, in our first model we found a direct association between EO and Performance and between DMC and Performance. In our second model, when analyzing the combination of EO and DMC, we observed a full mediation effect of DMC in the relationship between EO and performance, and an indirect effect of EO on performance.Originality/valueWe advance in the debate of the relationship between EO and Performance in the franchise context, adding to our model the DMC perspective. Findings shed light on the importance of digital marketing capabilities for franchise systems. These elements open important avenues for dedicated research to further understand how digitalization process can be redefining the drivers of performance in entrepreneurial firms.
Cultural differences and migrants’ interpretations of their voices
Authors: Austin Rosalind 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this survivor-researcher-led study is to explore the agency of voice-hearers who are migrants and/or from black and minority ethnic backgrounds in actively negotiating the gaps between their understanding of hearing voices, and those of their family, their society or the medical establishment.

Design/methodology/approach
This study draws four case studies of voice-hearers, who are migrants and/or from black and minority ethnic backgrounds. Data were thematically analysed.

Findings
This study shows how bilingual voice-hearers related emotionally to voices in one or two languages.

Originality/value
This study is original in that it shows that bilingual voice-hearers may hear their voice/s in either their native language or second language, but that in both cases voices may embody strong positive or negative emotions.
Addressing autistic unemployment through autistic owned and led social enterprise
Authors: Zivkovic Sharon 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
To address the high level of autistic unemployment it has been recommended that autistic individuals be supported to own and lead social enterprises. This paper aims to discuss what is required to create an enabling environment for autistic social entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
By referring to the autism, entrepreneurship and complexity theory literature, it is argued in this conceptual article that to create the required enabling environment for autistic social entrepreneurship, business advisors need to adopt a business development approach that aligns with autistic ways of thinking. It is also agrued that a place-based autistic social enterprise support ecosystem based on a landscape of practice approach is required to bring together diverse support individuals and organisations who have different approaches to practice. Examples including personal reflections are used to support these claims.

Findings
Challenges and barriers to creating the required enabling environment are identified. Two theories of change, one focused on creating integrated service delivery and one focused on enabling the landscape of practice to transition to a more effective state, are proposed for addressing the identified challenges and barriers.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, for the first time this article identifies what is required to address the challenges and barriers in creating an enabling environment for autistic social entrepreneurship. Without addressing these challenges and barriers there is a risk that nascent autistic social entrepreneurs will be set up for failure.
Placental multimodal MRI prior to spontaneous preterm birth <32 weeks' gestation: An observational study
Authors: Hall Megan , Suff Natalie , Slator Paddy , Rutherford Mary , Shennan Andrew , Hutter Jana , Story Lisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo utilise combined diffusion‐relaxation MRI techniques to interrogate antenatal changes in the placenta prior to extreme preterm birth among both women with PPROM and membranes intact, and compare this to a control group who subsequently delivered at term.DesignObservational study.SettingTertiary Obstetric Unit, London, UK.PopulationCases: pregnant women who subsequently spontaneously delivered a singleton pregnancy prior to 32 weeks' gestation without any other obstetric complications. Controls: pregnant women who delivered an uncomplicated pregnancy at term.MethodsAll women consented to an MRI examination. A combined diffusion‐relaxation MRI of the placenta was undertaken and analysed using fractional anisotropy, a combined T2*‐apparent diffusion coefficient model and a combined T2*‐intravoxel incoherent motion model, in order to provide a detailed placental phenotype associated with preterm birth. Subgroup analyses based on whether women in the case group had PPROM or intact membranes at time of scan, and on latency to delivery were performed.Main Outcome MeasuresFractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficients and T2* placental values, from two models including a combined T2*‐IVIM model separating fast‐ and slow‐flowing (perfusing and diffusing) compartments.ResultsThis study included 23 women who delivered preterm and 52 women who delivered at term. Placental T2* was lower in the T2*‐apparent diffusion coefficient model (p < 0.001) and in the fast‐ and slow‐flowing compartments (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001) of the T2*‐IVIM model. This reached a higher level of significance in the preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes group than in the membranes intact group. There was a reduced perfusion fraction among the cases with impending delivery.ConclusionsPlacental diffusion‐relaxation reveals significant changes in the placenta prior to preterm birth with greater effect noted in cases of preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes. Application of this technique may allow clinically valuable interrogation of histopathological changes before preterm birth. In turn, this could facilitate more accurate antenatal prediction of preterm chorioamnionitis and so aid decisions around the safest time of delivery. Furthermore, this technique provides a research tool to improve understanding of the pathological mechanisms associated with preterm birth in vivo.
Implementation, intervention, and downstream costs for implementation of a multidisciplinary complex pain clinic in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Daniels Sarah I. , Cave Shayna , Wagner Todd H. , Perez Taryn A. , Edmond Sara N. , Becker William C. , Midboe Amanda M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the budget impact of implementing multidisciplinary complex pain clinics (MCPCs) for Veterans Health Administration (VA) patients living with complex chronic pain and substance use disorder comorbidities who are on risky opioid regimens.Data Sources and Study SettingWe measured implementation costs for three MCPCs over 2 years using micro‐costing methods. Intervention and downstream costs were obtained from the VA Managerial Cost Accounting System from 2 years prior to 2 years after opening of MCPCs.Study DesignStaff at the three VA sites implementing MCPCs were supported by Implementation Facilitation. The intervention cohort was patients at MCPC sites who received treatment based on their history of chronic pain and risky opioid use. Intervention costs and downstream costs were estimated with a quasi‐experimental study design using a propensity score‐weighted difference‐in‐difference approach. The healthcare utilization costs of treated patients were compared with a control group having clinically similar characteristics and undergoing the standard route of care at neighboring VA medical centers. Cancer and hospice patients were excluded.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsActivity‐based costing data acquired from MCPC sites were used to estimate implementation costs. Intervention and downstream costs were extracted from VA administrative data.Principal FindingsAverage Implementation Facilitation costs ranged from $380 to $640 per month for each site. Upon opening of three MCPCs, average intervention costs per patient were significantly higher than the control group at two intervention sites. Downstream costs were significantly higher at only one of three intervention sites. Site‐level differences were due to variation in inpatient costs, with some confounding likely due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This evidence suggests that necessary start‐up investments are required to initiate MCPCs, with allocations of funds needed for implementation, intervention, and downstream costs.ConclusionsIncorporating implementation, intervention, and downstream costs in this evaluation provides a thorough budget impact analysis, which decision‐makers may use when considering whether to expand effective programming.
Lung squamous cell carcinoma responding to nivolumab retreatment six years after initial treatment: A case report
Authors: Kono Kento , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Tsubata Yukari , Amano Yoshihiro , Kawakado Keita , Yanagawa Takashi , Isobe Takeshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man presented to our hospital with a chief complaint of chronic cough. He was diagnosed with lung squamous cell carcinoma at clinical stage cT2aN3M1a. He received chemotherapy up to the fourth line, but both the primary tumor and lymph node metastases increased in size. Nivolumab, administered as the fifth line, resulted in a complete response (CR) that continued for 2 years and 8 months. Treatment was stopped due to the appearance of common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 1 pneumonitis. He was followed up without treatment for 3 years and 8 months, but a left supraclavicular fossa lymph node metastasis appeared. Retreatment with nivolumab was initiated, and the patient achieved CR again. One year and 6 months after retreatment, CR was maintained with nivolumab. This case represents a rare instance in which nivolumab yielded a significant response after a prolonged immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐free interval. Our experience has shown that the long‐term response to ICIs may deteriorate in the future. Therefore, retreatment with ICIs may be effective when the initial therapy is successful.
Drug survival and risk factors for ADHD medication discontinuation in adults: A Danish Nationwide Registry‐based cohort study
Authors: Ishøy Pelle Lau , Johannessen Kim Berg Engersgaard , Houmann Tine , Levin Eline , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication has proven effective for treating ADHD in adults, nonetheless previous studies have shown high rates of medication discontinuation.ObjectiveTo assess drug survival and identify risk factors associated with discontinuation of ADHD medication.MethodsA nationwide registry‐based cohort study in Danish adults who redeemed a prescription for ADHD medication for the first time between 2010 and 2015. All patients were followed for 5 years from the first redeemed prescription. Discontinuation was defined as a gap of 12 months between redemptions. Logistic regression analysis with odds ratio (OR) and Kaplan Meier analysis were used to examine risk factors (sex, age, socioeconomic status, substance use disorders, and comorbidities) associated with discontinuation.ResultsTwenty three thousand nine‐hundred and sixteen patients with ADHD were identified. The 5‐year overall drug survival was 29% in women vs. 23.5% in men. The risk of medication discontinuation was significantly higher in men compared to women, OR 1.26 (95% CI 1.19–1.34, p < 0.001). Adults aged 31–50 years had a significantly decreased risk of medication discontinuation compared to adults aged 18–30 years, OR 0.57 (95% CI 0.53–0.61, p < 0.001). Switching ADHD medication two times or three times or more significantly decreased the risk of discontinuation; OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.49–0.56, p < 0.001) and OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.23–0.30, p < 0.001), respectively. Substance use disorders and certain comorbidities were associated with medication discontinuation. Eating disorders, OR 0.71 (95% CI 0.64–0.78, p < 0.001), intellectual disabilities, OR 0.65 (95% CI 0.59–0.73, p < 0.001) and sleep disorders, OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.37–0.49, p < 0.001) were associated with continuation of ADHD medication.ConclusionsThe 5‐year overall drug survival was longer in women compared to men. Women with ADHD; adults aged 31–50; and patients with comorbid eating disorder; intellectual disability; sleep disorder and medication switching were individually associated with continuation of ADHD medication. Various factors were associated with medication discontinuation. Discontinuation should be acknowledged as a common phenomenon in patients with ADHD and calls for increased attention from the treatment responsible prescriber or team. Moreover, our findings suggest that timely, frequent medication switching, or temporary regimens may indeed represent optimal management strategies for a significant proportion of the ADHD population.
Mechanism of Vaginal Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis Induced by the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Peng Yongmei , Xu Yanan , Li Sainan , Shao Mingkun , Shen Zijia , Qi Wenjin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTProblemVulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common mucosal fungal infection, and Candida albicans is the main causative agent. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays an important role in VVC, but the underlying mechanism is unknown.Method of StudyVaginal epithelial cells were divided into three groups: control, C. albicans strain SC5314 (wild‐type, WT), and WT+ Matt Cooper Compound 950 (MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inhibitor). After human vaginal epithelial cells were pretreated with 1 µmol/L MCC950 for 2 h, C. albicans (MOI = 1) was cocultured with the human vaginal epithelial cells for 12 h. The cell supernatants were collected, LDH was detected, and the IL‐1β and IL‐18 levels were determined by ELISA. The expression of the pyroptosis‐related proteins NLRP3, Caspase‐1 p20 and GSDMD was measured by Western blotting analysis. The protein expression of the pyroptosis‐related N‐terminus of GSDMD (GSDMD‐N) was detected by immunofluorescence.ResultsIn this study, we showed that the WT C. albicans strain induced pyroptosis in vaginal epithelial cells, as indicated by the LDH and proinflammatory cytokine levels and the upregulated levels of the pyroptosis‐related proteins NLRP3, Caspase‐1 p20, and GSDMD‐N. MCC950 reversed the changes in the expression of these proteins and proinflammatory cytokines in vaginal epithelial cells.ConclusionC. albicans activated the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce vaginal epithelial cell pyroptosis. MCC950 inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduced vaginal epithelial cell pyroptosis, and decreased the release of inflammatory cytokines.
Mega‐events and the minor
Authors: Wolfe Sven Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMega‐events like the Olympics and the football World Cups remain popular around the globe, regardless of their record of damaging host cities and societies. In parallel, research on mega‐events continues to grow across a range of disciplines, including geography. Much of this literature remains fixed at global levels of analysis. In this light, mega‐events suffer from a double problem: their planning and articulation too often cause harm to cities and societies and, simultaneously, research on mega‐events focuses too much on the macro. This paper endeavours to address both problems by proposing to make sense of mega‐events by thinking through the minor. This concern valorises micro scales and marginalised people, those who most often lose during mega‐event hosting. The paper argues that geographers are uniquely positioned to conduct nuanced mega‐event research across a globally diverse range of political‐economic contexts, and calls for more geographers to contribute to this project in a move towards a critical geography of mega‐events.
Initiation of lipid‐lowering therapy as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in the elderly
Authors: Vinuesa‐Hernando José Manuel , Aguilar‐Palacio Isabel , Rabanaque María José , García‐Cárdenas Victoria , Lallana María Jesús , Gamba Adriana , Malo Sara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to analyse the initiation adherence phase to lipid‐lowering therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in a Spanish population aged 70 years or older. The secondary objective was to identify the determinants of initiation and early discontinuation.MethodsThis was an observational study conducted in the CArdiovascular Risk factors for HEalth Service research (CARhES) cohort. People aged 70 and older with a first prescription of a lipid‐lowering drug and without a previous major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) were selected (2018–2021). Data on sociodemographics, clinical conditions, drugs and use of health services were collected from clinical and administrative electronic databases. The study population was classified into: non‐initiation, early discontinuation (i.e., discontinuation after the first dispensing) and initiation with more than one dispensing. Their characteristics were compared. Determinants of initiation and early discontinuation were explored.ResultsAmong the 15 019 people studied, 80.2% initiated the medication, 11.2% showed an early discontinuation and 8.6% were non‐initiators. An older age or conditions such as dementia, diabetes or depression reduced the likelihood of initiation, while obesity and a high pharmacological burden increased it. People over 90 years of age or those prescribed a statin in combination were more likely to have an early discontinuation.ConclusionsNon‐initiation and early discontinuation are common among older people prescribed lipid‐lowering drugs as primary prevention of cardiovascular disease for the first time. The presence of chronic pathologies other than cardiovascular ones should be considered when assessing whether or not to prescribe these drugs in the elderly.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of cefoperazone in paediatrics
Authors: Wang Qiushi , Yan Yunan , Li Sanwang , Yi Hanxi , Xie Feifan 
Published: July 2024

AimsCefoperazone is commonly used off‐label in the treatment of bacterial meningitis and sepsis in children, and the pharmacokinetic (PK) data are limited in this vulnerable population. The goal of this study was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict pediatric cefoperazone exposure for rational dosing recommendations.MethodsA cefoperazone PBPK model for adults was first constructed using Simcyp V22 simulator. Subsequently, the model was extended to children based on the built in age‐dependent physiological parameters, while the drug characteristics remained unchanged. The verified pediatric PBPK model was then utilized to assess the rationality of the common dosing regimens for children at different age groups.ResultsCefoperazone PBPK model included elimination via biliary excretion, glomerular filtration, and organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3)‐mediated tubular secretion. 95.2% of the observed mean concentrations and 100% of the area under the plasma drug concentration–time curve (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) in adults were within a twofold range of model mean predictions. Good predictive accuracy was also observed in children, including neonates. 50 mg/kg q12h cefoperazone demonstrated effective target attainment in virtual term neonates (<1 month) when the MIC was ≤1 mg/L, adhering to the stringent PK/PD target of 75% fT > MIC. 37.5 mg/kg q12h cefoperazone achieved the common 50% fT > MIC target for an MIC ≤ 0. 25 mg/L in virtual pediatric patients ranging from 1 month to 18 years of age.ConclusionsA pediatric PBPK model was developed for cefoperazone, and it could serve as the basis for deriving rational dosing regimens in children.