bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematics of the southern African genus <i>Ixia</i> (Iridaceae). 2. The filiform-leaved <i>I.</i> <i>capillaris</i> complex
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C. 
Published: July 2015

Field study and associated examination of herbarium specimens of the filiform-leaved species of section Morphixia o f the South African genus Ixia L. have resulted in an increase in the number of species with this derived leaf type. Ixia capillaris and I. pauciflora have until now been the only species with such leaves and they have not been regarded as immediately related in past accounts of the genus. The two foliage leaves, typically less than 2 mm w ide, with a leathery to succulent texture, and lacking a raised central vein or margins, are specialized in the genus. Associated finely fibrous corm tunics, spikes of 1-3 flowers, and when present, short, thread-like lateral branches, usually bearing 1 or 2 flowers, provide supporting evidence that the group is monophyletic. I. capillaris as interpreted until now. comprises four species, three of them new and described here, and the large-flowered I. pauciflora includes two species, one of these described here. While I. capillaris has a branched stem, radially symmetric flowers with a penanth tube (4—)5—7(—8) mm long, tepals 11-15 mm long and thus substantially exceeding the tube, filaments typically exserted 1-2 mm. and anthers (3—)4—5 mm long. I. exiliflora has a tube 8-10 mm long and ± as long as the tepals, included filaments, and anthers 3.5—4.0 mm long. The new I. dieramoides also has included filaments but a perianth tube 13—18(—22) mm long and tepals 11-18 mm long. A third new species. I. reclinata has large flowers with a tube 13-15 mm long, tepals 16-21 mm long, and unilateral, decimate stamens with the filaments exserted 8-10 mm. and anthers 4-5 mm long. Typical I. pauciflora has flowers with unilateral stamens and filaments exserted 2-6 mm from the flower and anthers prominently displayed, but specimens until now included in that species w ith short, included filaments 3-5 mm long and anthers half included in the tube, are here regarded as I. dieramoides. The I. capillaris group astreated here, now includes five species.
New species of <i>Moraea</i> (Iridaceae: Iridoideae), with range extensions and miscellaneous notes for southern African species
Authors: Goldblatt P. , Manning J. C. 
Published: July 2015

Three new species are described in the largely sub-Saharan genus Moraea Mill. (± 200 spp.), all from its centre of diversity in the winter rainfall region of southern Africa. Moraea pearsonii, from Hottentotskloof near Ceres in Western Cape, flowers in late November and December when its leaves are ± dry, and has small, pale lilac, stellate flowers with the style branches each divided to the base into filiform arms. Moraea tanquana, from the Tankwa River Basin in Northern Cape, resembles the southern Namaqualand M. deserticola but has broad, plane leaves, short anthers exserted from a shallower floral cup and a short style. In section Acaules, M. longipes from Namaqualand stands out in its early flowering habit, a stem consisting of a single long intemode reaching well above the ground, short style and unusually long anthers. Moraea jarmilae described from Ox Bow, Lesotho in 2002, is conspecific with M. albicuspa and is reduced to synonymy. Significant range extensions are reported for M. elsiae, M. falcifolia, M. pseudospicata, M. spathulata, M. tricolor, M. vegeta, M. verecunda, M. vespertina and M. vlokii. A yellow-flowered morph, local in the Perdebont Valley of the Little Karoo, is reported for the first time in typically blue- to violet-flowered M. bipartita, as well as the occurrence of a hybrid swarm, rare in Moraea, between M. bipartita and M. polyanthos.
A revision of Fumariaceae (Fumarioideae) in southern Africa, including naturalized taxa
Authors: Manning J. C. , Goldblatt P. , Forest F. 
Published: July 2015

The native and naturalized species of Fumariaceae in southern Africa are reviewed, and keys and full descriptions are provided. All relevant regional synonyms are given and the indigenous species are illustrated. Three native genera with four species are recognized. The previously taxonomically unplaced genus Cysticapnos Mill. (3 spp.) is included with two other monotypic native South African genera, Discocapnos Cham. Schltdl. and Trigonocapnos Schltr., in an enlarged circum­scription of subtribe Discocapninae, which is morphologically defined by tendrilliferous leaves and mostly sessile racemes with the lowermost flower basal. Two subspecies are recognized in Cysticapnos vesicaria (E.Mey. ex Bemh.) Lidén, subsp. vesicaria with fewer, smaller flowers and subsp. namaquensis J.C.Manning Goldblatt for plants from Namaqualand with more numerous, often larger flowers. C. parviflora Lidén appears to be nothing more than a dwarf-fruited form of C. vesicaria, in which heterocarpy has long been known. C. pruinosa (E.Mey. ex Bemh.) Lidén is recorded for the first time to be a short-lived perennial and not an annual, thus unique in the tribe Fumarieae. Discocapnos mundii var. dregei Harv. from the southern Cape is treated as subsp. dregei (Harv.) J.C.Manning Goldblatt on account of its slightly smaller fruits and significant geographical disjunction from subsp. mundii. Three introduced species are included, Fumaria capreolata L., F. muralis Sond. ex W.D.Koch subsp. muralis and F. parviflora Lam. var. parviflora, although only the last two appear to be truly naturalized.
Taxonomy and phylogeny of two subgroups of <i>Pelargonium</i> section <i>Otidia</i> (Geraniaceae). 1. The <i>Pelargonium</i> <i>carnosum</i> complex
Authors: Becker M. , Albers F. 
Published: July 2015

This contribution deals with the taxonomy and phylogeny of the Pelargonium carnosum complex, a group of closely related taxa of Pelargonium L’Hér. section Otidia (Sweet) DC. (Geraniaceae) that is distributed in the winter rainfall area of South Africa. According to molecular analyses via AFLP, P. adriaanii M.Becker F.AIbers, P. carnosum (L.) L’Uér., P. ferulaceum (C'av.) Willd. and P. polycephalum (E.Mey. ex Harv.) R.Knuth form a monophyletic clade. Although hybridization may occur between the taxa, three are assigned to specific rank. The fourth taxon, P. ferulaceum is recognized as a subspecies ot'P carnosum. As is implied from the occurrence of morphological intermediates and partly from molecular evidence,hybridization does not only occur among the taxa in this complex but also involves species closely related to this group (P. panifiorum J.C.Wendl., P. laxum (Sweet) G.Don, P. dasyphyllum R.Knuth). For the taxa in the P. carnosum complex, distribution areas are delineated and diagnostic features that have until now remained obscure, are outlined.
Virus Diseases of Cowpeas.
Authors: Klesser Patricia J. 
Published: July 2015

Virus infections of cowpea. Vigna unguiculata. are common in South Africa. There are three types of symptom found in the field viz. a vivid yellow mosaic with dark green blisters; dark green veinbands with necrosis and severe malformation, and a mild veinbanding or mosaic. There is no evidence of seed transmission but Aphis species are efficient vectors.
Notes on South African Cruciferae
Authors: Marais W. 
Published: July 2015

A new genus in the section Arabideae, sixteen new species and four new varieties are described, and eleven new combinations made:—Heliophila arenaria Sond. var. acocksii —var. glabrescens (Schulz) (H. sabulosa Schltr. var. glabrescens Schulz), —var. agtertuinensis (Schulz) ( H. maximilianii Schltr. var. agtertuinensis Schulz), H. diffusa (Thunb.) DC. var. flacca (Sond.) ( H. flacca Sond.), H. elata Sond. var. pillansii, H. latisiliqua E. Mey. ex Sond. var. macrostvlis (E. Mey. ex Sond.) (H. macrostylis E. Mey. ex Sond.), H. linearis (Thunb.) DC. var. linearifolia (Burch, ex DC.) (H. linearifolia Burch, ex DC.), —var. reticulata (Eckl. Zeyh.) ( H . reticulata Eckl. Zeyh.), H. meyeri Sond. var. minor, H.pusilla L.f. var. macrosperma, —var. setacea (Schltr.) ( H . setacea Schltr.),—var. lanceolata (Adamson) ( H . lanceolata Adamson), H. alpina. H. cedarbergensis, H. cuneata. H. esterhuyseniae, H. eximia, H. filicaulis, H. katbergensis, H. obibensis, H. promontorii. H. rimicola, H. sehulzii, Lepiciium divaricatum Ait. subsp. trifurcum (Sond.) (L. trifurcum Sond.), L. basuticum, L. suluense. L. transvaalense, Thlaspeocarpa nama uensis, APLANODES, type A. doidgeana, A. sisymbrioides (Schltr.) (Heliophila sisymbrioides Schltr.) Brachycarpaea juncea (Berg.) (Cleome juncea Berg.).
The Genus Ceramium in South Africa
Authors: Simons R. H. 
Published: July 2015

A revision of the genus Ceramium in South Africa has been undertaken. The morphology of the genus is discussed, and a key to the ten species which are recognised is provided. The following new taxa and new combinations are published: Ceramium arenarium, C. papenfussianum, C. diaphanum (Lightf.) Roth var. capense, —var. pulchellum (Kuetz.) (Hormoeeras pulchellum Kuetz.), C. centro- ceratiforme. Ceramium capense Kuetz., which was transferred to Microcladia by Papenfuss, is regarded as belonging to Ceramium.
The Species of Arthrocnemum and Salicornia (Chenopodiaceae) in Southern Africa
Authors: Tölken H. R. 
Published: July 2015

In the genus Arthrocnemum, ten species and three varieties are recognized. The new species and combinations are: A. mossianum, A . terminale, A. xerophilum, A. decumbens, A. natalense var. affine (Moss) (A. affine Moss), A. pillansii var. dunense (Moss) {A. dimense Moss). A. perenne var. lignosum is a new record for South Africa. In Salicornia, of the three species dealt with, one is new: S . uniflora. Two keys are provided for the identification of fertile and sterile material respectively. The anatomy is discussed. The presence or absence, and the type and shape of sclereids were found to have taxonomic significance. Twenty-four naturally occurring hybrids in the genus Arthrocnemum and one in the genus Salicornia are recognized on the basis of sterility and pollen irregularities.
Computing the Smallest Eigenvalue of Large Ill-Conditioned Hankel Matrices
Authors: Emmart Niall , Chen Yang , Weems Charles C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a parallel algorithm for finding the smallest eigenvalue of a family of Hankel matrices that are ill-conditioned. Such matrices arise in random matrix theory and require the use of extremely high precision arithmetic. Surprisingly, we find that a group of commonly-used approaches that are designed for high efficiency are actually less efficient than a direct approach for this class of matrices. We then develop a parallel implementation of the algorithm that takes into account the unusually high cost of individual arithmetic operations. Our approach combines message passing and shared memory, achieving near-perfect scalability and high tolerance for network latency. We are thus able to find solutions for much larger matrices than previously possible, with the potential for extending this work to systems with greater levels of parallelism. The contributions of this work are in three areas: determination that a direct algorithm based on the secant method is more effective when extreme fixed-point precision is required than are the algorithms more typically used in parallel floating-point computations; the particular mix of optimizations required for extreme precision large matrix operations on a modern multi-core cluster, and the numerical results themselves.
Philosophy, Sophistry, Antiphilosophy
Authors: McLennan Matthew R. 
Published: July 2015

Alain Badiou's work in philosophy, though daunting, has gained a receptive and steadily growing Anglophone readership. What is not well known is the extent to which Badiou's positions, vis-à-vis ontology, ethics, politics and the very meaning of philosophy, were hammered out in dispute with the late Jean-François Lyotard. Matthew R. McLennan's Philosophy, Sophistry, Antiphilosophy is the first work to pose the question of the relation between Lyotard and Badiou, and in so doing constitutes a significant intervention in the field of contemporary European philosophy by revisiting one of its most influential and controversial forefathers.
Badiou himself has underscored the importance of Lyotard for his own project; might the recent resurgence of interest in Lyotard be tied in some way to Badiou's comments? Or deeper still: might not Badiou's philosophical Platonism beg an encounter with philosophy's other, the figure of the sophist that Lyotard played so often and so ably? Posing pertinent questions and opening new discursive channels in the literature on these two major figures this book is of interest to those studying philosophy, rhetoric, literary theory, cultural and media studies.
Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection presenting as empyema and life threatening pneumothorax: A challenging situation in the emergency department
Authors: Anjum Shahzad , Tahir Ramsha , Pathan Sameer A. 
Published: July 2015

Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in an immunocompetent young patient complicated with empyema and pneumothorax is rarely reported. A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a history of worsening dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. The patient had unstable vital signs on presentation, and was referred to the resuscitation area on a monitored bed. The patient had a chest x-ray (CXR) performed on a prior occasion at a primary health clinic, revealing pneumothorax and some fluid at the left costophrenic angle. On arrival at the hospital, bedside ultrasound was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of pneumothorax. His vital signs were pulse 153, BP 88/62, RR 50 breaths per minute and his oxygen saturation on air was 92%. Tension pneumothorax was diagnosed based on clinical presentation and given vital signs. It was managed immediately with needle decompression followed by chest tube insertion. The patient improved dramatically after needle decompression with stabilization of vital signs. A CXR was repeated post-needle decompression which showed an incompletely resolved pneumothorax with an increase in the size of the effusion. Iatrogenic haemothorax was a possible explanation for this increase in effusion size. Chest tube was successfully inserted in the fourth intercostal space just anterior to the midaxillary line under full aseptic precautions. The chest tube drained 1.4 liters of blood, which on analysis showed a low pH and elevated adenosine deaminase level. Two out of three sputum samples sent from the medical ward were positive for mycobacteria other than tuberculosis as confirmed on culture. The patient's symptoms improved with percutaneous tube drainage of hemopneumothorax and antituberculous medications.
Aberrant phyllotactic patterns in cones of some conifers: a quantitative study
Authors: Fierz Veronika 
Published: July 2015

The scale patterns of 6000 cones from one single tree of <em>Pinus nigra</em> Arn. have been examined. Apart from the main Fibonacci pattern with 8 and 13 parastichies, nine aberrant spiral patterns with Fibonacci-type sequences have been found. They are quite rare and occur with different frequencies. The parastichy quotient 8/13 of the prevalent pattern is very close to the golden ratio 0.618. In case of the black pine it appeared that the greater the deviation of the parastichy quotient <em>m</em>/<em>n</em> from 0.618, the rarer the pattern. Similar results obtained for the sample of 1506 cones collected from three individual trees of larch (<em>Larix decidua</em> Mill.) suggest a true correlation between the frequency of a pattern and the deviation of its parastichy quotient from the golden ratio.
Perfil dos Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis nos Lixões de Minas Gerais / Characteristics of the Waste Pickers in Municipal Dumps in the State of Minas Gerais
Authors: Ferreira Frederico Poley Martins , Freitas Danilo Gomes de 
Published: July 2015

Neste artigo procurou-se investigar as condições de trabalho e renda dos catadores de materiais recicláveis em lixões a céu aberto no estado de Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de uma pesquisa tipo “survey”, inclusive numa perspectiva regional, cujos objetivos foram: identificar, dimensionar e caracterizar as principais carências e necessidades desses trabalhadores e de suas famílias. Entre outros aspectos, foram abordados: a Idade, estrutura familiar, renda, condições de trabalho atuais e anteriores ao lixão, formalização e associação. Observou-se que, a maioria dos catadores é do sexo masculino, mas também com importante participação, das mulheres, de jovens e idosos, normalmente, com baixa qualificação e com experiência anterior no mercado formal de trabalho. Como conclusão principal foi enfatizada a importância dos empreendimentos auto gestionários para a melhoria das condições de trabalho, especialmente no atual contexto de mudança da legislação brasileira sobre a disposição final do lixo urbano.Palavras–chave: Catadores, lixo, condições de trabalho, associação. Abstract In this article was analyzed the labor conditions and income of people who collect recyclable materials in open municipal dumps in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were obtained from a survey did with pickers in a regional and municipal perspectives. Individual characteristics like age, family structure, income, workload, work association, previous works and work formalization among others were gotten. The main aim of this research was to obtain data about the needs and problems of these workers and their families. The majority of them are men, with an important share of youths and elderlies, they have low qualifications, and some previous experience in the formal market. As conclusion, the importance of self-managed organizations was emphasized what allow waste pickers improve their income and working conditions, especially in a recent context of change in the Brazil´s waste disposal legislation.Keywords: garbage collectors, recycling, working conditions, Association.
Improved reservoir sizing utilizing observed and reconstructed streamflows within a Bayesian combination framework
Authors: Patskoski Jason , Sankarasubramanian A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReservoir sizing is a critical task as the storage in a reservoir must be sufficient to supply water during extended droughts. Typically, sequent peak algorithm (SQP) is used with observed streamflow to obtain reservoir storage estimates. To overcome the limited sample length of observed streamflow, synthetic streamflow traces estimated from observed streamflow characteristics are provided with SQP to estimate the distribution of storage. However, the parameters in the stochastic streamflow generation model are derived from the observed record and are still unrepresentative of the long‐term drought records. Paleo‐streamflow time series, usually reconstructed using tree‐ring chronologies, span for a longer period than the observed streamflow and provide additional insight into the preinstrumental drought record. This study investigates the capability of reconstructed streamflow records in reducing the uncertainty in reservoir storage estimation. For this purpose, we propose a Bayesian framework that combines observed and reconstructed streamflow for estimating the parameters of the stochastic streamflow generation model. By utilizing reconstructed streamflow records from two potential stations over the Southeastern U.S., the distribution of storage estimated using the combined streamflows is compared with the distribution of storage estimated using observed streamflow alone based on split‐sample validation. Results show that combining observed and reconstructed streamflow yield stochastic streamflow generation parameters more representative of the longer streamflow record resulting in improved reservoir storage estimates. We also generalize the findings through a synthetic experiment by generating reconstructed streamflow records of different sample length and skill. The analysis shows that uncertainty in storage estimates reduces by incorporating reconstruction records with higher skill and longer sample lengths. Potential applications of the proposed methodology are also discussed.
Morphodynamic response of a variable‐width channel to changes in sediment supply
Authors: Nelson Peter A. , Brew Andrew K. , Morgan Jacob A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRiver channels commonly exhibit downstream variations in channel width, which can lead to the development of alternating shallow and deep areas known as riffle‐pool sequences. The response of these channels to variations in sediment supply remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate the morphodynamic response of a variable‐width channel to changes in sediment supply through laboratory experiments conducted in a straight flume in which we imposed sinusoidal variations in width. We first developed equilibrium conditions under a constant sediment supply and then eliminated the sediment feed to create a degraded, armored bed. This sediment‐starved bed was subjected to two types of sediment supply increases: a return to the initial constant supply, and the introduction of a well‐sorted sediment pulse (analogous to gravel augmentation). Riffles and pools formed in wide and narrow areas, respectively, and the location of and relief between riffles and pools remained the same throughout all experimental runs, regardless of the sediment supply. The primary channel response to changes in supply was adjustment of the overall slope. The sediment pulse evolved primarily through dispersion rather than translation, which contrasts with prior gravel augmentation experiments conducted in constant‐width channels and suggests that width variation and resulting riffle‐pool topography enhances pulse dispersion. Our results indicate that width variation is a primary control on the location and relief of riffles and pools in straight channels, and sediment supply changes are unlikely to affect riffle‐pool morphology when bank geometry is fixed and water discharge is steady.
Health utility outcomes in patients undergoing medical management for chronic rhinosinusitis: a prospective multiinstitutional study
Authors: Luk Lauren J. , Steele Toby O. , Mace Jess C. , Soler Zachary M. , Rudmik Luke , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundA health utility value represents an individual's preference for living in a specific health state and is used in cost‐utility analyses. This study investigates the impact of continuing medical therapy on health utility outcomes in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsThe Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐6D (SF‐6D) questionnaire was administered to patients prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study examining treatment outcomes for CRS. Patients were prescribed robust, initial medical therapy and then elected to continue with medical therapy (n = 40) or undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), followed by medical therapy (n = 152). Patients observed through treatment crossover to ESS were also evaluated (n = 20). Health utility values (SF‐6D) were generated at baseline, 6‐months, and 12‐months follow‐up for both cohorts and evaluated using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsTreatment crossover patients were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of previous sinus surgery compared to medical management (χ2 = 6.91; p = 0.009) and surgical intervention (χ2 = 8.11; p = 0.004) subgroups. Mean baseline utility value for the medical therapy cohort was significantly better compared to the ESS cohort (mean ± standard deviation; 0.76 ± 0.12 vs 0.70 ± 0.15; p = 0.023). Significant improvement in health utility was reported in the ESS cohort (F(2) = 37.69; p < 0.001), whereas values remained stable, without significant improvement, in both the medical therapy cohort (F(2) = 0.03; p = 0.967) and treatment crossover cohort (F(2) = 2.36; p = 0.115).ConclusionPatients electing continued medical management report better baseline health utility compared to patients electing ESS. Patients electing ESS show significant improvement in health utility, whereas those electing continued medical management demonstrate stable health utility over 12 months.