bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological Study of the Sinus Node and Its Artery in Yak
Authors: Duan Deyong , Yu Sijiu , Cui Yan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe sinus node of yak has been studied by the histological methods and transmission electron microscopy. The sinus node artery of yak was also determined by the injection‐corrosion casting technique, the angiography, and histological methods. The results showed that the sinus node of yak contained an extensive framework of collagen and two main type cells: pacemaker cells (P cells) and transitional cells (T cells). The P cells had a perinuclear clear zone, contained less myofibrils, and appeared smaller mitochondria than T cells. The T cells were longer and slender than P cells, and had a variety of shapes. At the periphery of sinus node there were many nerve fibers and ganglions. Gap junction did not reveal reaction with anti‐connexin43, but it was detected by electron microscopy in the central part of sinus node of yak. The sinus node artery of yak originated from left coronary artery more frequently (98%) than by right (2%). The artery located at the periphery of sinus node. It had an internal elastic membrane throughout its course, and a large nerve bundle was found running in a longitudinal direction. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultraviolet‐radiation‐resistant isolates revealed cellulose‐degrading species of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans (UVP1) and Bacillus pumilus (UVP4)
Authors: Gabani Prashant , Copeland Erin , Chandel Anuj K. , Singh Om V. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAmong extremophiles, microorganisms resistant to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been known to produce a variety of metabolites (i.e., extremolytes). We hypothesized that natural microbial flora on elevated land (hills) would reveal a variety of UVR‐resistant extremophiles and polyextremophiles with modulated proteins and enzymes that had biotechnological implications. Microorganisms Cellulosimicrobium cellulans UVP1 and Bacillus pumilus UVP4 were isolated and identified using 16S rRNA sequencing, and showed extreme UV resistance (1.03 × 106 and 1.71 × 105 J/m2, respectively) from elevated land soil samples along with unique patterns of protein expression under UVR and non‐UVR. A broad range of cellulolytic activity on carboxymethyl cellulose agar plates in C. cellulans UVP1 and B. pumilus UVP4 was revealed at varying pH, temperature, and inorganic salt concentration. Further, the microbial strain B. pumilus UVP4 showed the basic characteristics of a novel group: polyextremophiles with significance in bioenergy.
Comparison of the cost of hydrogen from air‐blown and thermally ballasted gasifiers
Authors: Lysenko Steve , Sadaka Samy , Brown Robert C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the cost of producing hydrogen by two types of biomass gasifiers: a conventional air‐blown fluidized‐bed gasifier and a thermally ballasted fluidized‐bed gasifier developed at Iowa State University. The ballasted gasifier is an indirectly heated gasifier that uses a single reactor for both combustion and pyrolysis. Heat accumulated in high‐temperature phase‐change material during the combustion phase is released during the pyrolysis phase to generate producer gas. Experimental data from pilot‐scale air‐blown and ballasted gasification tests have been used as a basis for this study. Experimental data has been scaled up to calculate the cost and feasibility associated with 50 Mg of hydrogen per day production plants. Air‐blown gasification yields for total direct cost, total capital cost, and the annual operating cost were $19.20, $43.21 and $38.65 million, respectively. The cost estimate of a system producing 50 Mg/day of hydrogen via air‐blown gasification is projected to be $2.23/kgH2. The total direct cost, total capital cost and the annual operating cost for ballasted gasification were $30.17 $67.80, and $52.11 million, respectively. The hydrogen production cost for ballasted gasification showed $3.01/kgH2. This is 35% higher than that of air‐blown gasification. A sensitivity analysis was performed to help to assist economic feasibility which includes variables for labor, capital charges, biomass costs, and hydrogen yields. The cost of biomass was found to be the most influential contribution to hydrogen production costs. As a result, a detailed analysis based on a state‐by‐state model is used to demonstrate the effect of biomass cost on hydrogen production cost. This model also predicts the potential number of 50 Mg ofH2/day plants that might be built in each state based on potential switchgrass supply. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Arginine 26 and Aspartic Acid 69 of the Regulatory Subunit are Key Residues of Subunits Interaction of Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Isozyme III from E. coli
Authors: Zhao Yuefang , Wen Xin , Niu Congwei , Xi Zhen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAcetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of branched‐chain amino acids, is composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits. The enzyme exhibits full activity only when the regulatory subunit (RSU) binds to the catalytic subunit (CSU). However, the crystal structure of the holoenzyme has not been reported yet, and the molecular interaction between the CSU and RSU is also unknown. Herein, we introduced a global‐surface, site‐directed labeling scanning method to determine the potential interaction region of the RSU. This approach relies on the insertion of a bulky fluorescent probe at the designated site on the surface of the RSU to cause a dramatic change in holoenzyme activity by perturbing subunit interaction. Then, the key amino acid residues in the potential interaction regions were identified by site‐directed mutagenesis. Compared to the wild‐type, the single‐point mutants R26A and D69A showed 54 and 64 % activity, respectively, whereas the double mutant (R26A+D69A) gave 14 %, thus suggesting that residues Arg26 and Asp69 are the key residues of subunit interaction with cooperative action. Additionally, the results of GST pull‐down assays and pH‐dependence experiments suggested that polar interaction is the main force for subunits interaction. A plausible protein–protein interaction model of the holoenzyme of Escherichia coli AHAS III is proposed, based on the mutagenesis and protein docking studies. The protocol established here should be useful for the identification of the molecular interactions between proteins.
Simulation of Stress Energy and Grinding Media Movement within a Wet‐Operated Annular‐Gap Mill Using the Discrete‐Element Method
Authors: Beinert S. , Schilde C. , Kwade A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGrinding is an important process in the mineral, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In the last couple of years, the discrete element method (DEM) has become more and more important for modeling different grinding processes and for the calculation of stress mechanism, frequency and intensity. As the DEM was designed for the calculation of particles, fluid interaction is not taken into account. However, in many grinding processes, wet‐operated mills are used. Here, first, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to compare simulated bead‐bead or bead‐wall contacts with an analytical solution. To realize this, a displacement force acting on two beads in a fluid while they approach or depart is introduced. This displacement force was used to develop a new contact model for the DEMThe results show that this approach can potentially be used to simulate a wet‐operated mill (including a high number of particles) with a one‐way coupling. To develop the displacement force, assumptions are made that limit the new contact model to relatively simple geometries and low Reynolds numbers.
Ceramic Media Selection for Optimization of Energy Efficiency in IsaMills™
Authors: Durant B. , Farber B. Y. , Rule C. , Mainza A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEconomics of the stirred milling unit process has significantly improved by replacement of silica sand with ceramic media in IsaMills™. This paper demonstrates with laboratory scale trial results the effect of media density and friction coefficient on energy consumption in a M4 laboratory scale IsaMill™ in a two dimensional water and media environment, for several types of ceramic media.
Rho GTPases in animal cell cytokinesis: An occupation by the one percent
Authors: Jordan Shawn N. , Canman Julie C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRho GTPases are molecular switches that elicit distinct effects on the actomyosin cytoskeleton to accurately promote cytokinesis. Although they represent less than 1% of the human genome, Rho GTPases exert disproportionate control over cell division. Crucial to this master regulatory role is their localized occupation of specific domains of the cell to ensure the assembly of a contractile ring at the proper time and place. RhoA occupies the division plane and is the central positive Rho family regulator of cytokinesis. Rac1 is a negative regulator of cytokinesis and is inactivated within the division plane while active Rac1 occupies the cell poles. Cdc42 regulation during cytokinesis is less studied, but thus far a clear role has only been shown during polar body emission. Here we review what is known about the function of Rho family GTPases during cell division, as well as their upstream regulators and known downstream cytokinetic effectors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Tubulin polyglutamylation regulates flagellar motility by controlling a specific inner‐arm dynein that interacts with the dynein regulatory complex
Authors: Kubo Tomohiro , Yagi Toshiki , Kamiya Ritsu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe tpg1 mutant of Chlamydomonas lacks the tubulin polyglutamylase TTLL9 and is deficient in flagellar tubulin polyglutamylation. It exhibits slow swimming, whereas the double mutant with oda2 (a slow‐swimming mutant that lacks outer‐arm dynein) is completely nonmotile. Thus, tubulin polyglutamylation must be important for the functioning of inner‐arm dynein(s). In this study, we show that the tpg1 mutation only slightly affects the motility of mutants that lack dynein “e,” one of the seven species of major inner‐arm dyneins, whereas it greatly reduces the motility of mutants lacking other inner‐arm dynein species. This suggests that dynein e is the main target of motility regulation by tubulin polyglutamylation. Furthermore, the motility of various mutants in the background of the tpg1 mutation raises the possibility that tubulin polyglutamylation also affects the dynein regulatory complex, a dynein e–associated key regulator of flagellar motility, which possibly constitutes the interdoublet (nexin) link. Tubulin polyglutamylation thus may play a central role in the regulation of ciliary and flagellar motility. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A DNA Methyltransferase Modulator Inspired by Peyssonenyne Natural Product Structures
Authors: García‐Domínguez Patricia , Weiss Mélanie , Lepore Ilaria , Álvarez Rosana , Altucci Lucia , Gronemeyer Hinrich , de Lera Ángel R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA novel epigenetic modulator that displays a DNMT1 inhibition and DNMT3A activation profile was characterized (compound 8). This compound is a derivative of palmitic acid that incorporates the putative reactive functional group (diynone) of the peyssonenyne natural products. Other analogues containing the diynone or an acetoxyenediyne did not show the same biological profile. In U937 human leukemia cells, diynone 8 induced cell differentiation and apoptosis, which correlated with the expression of Fas protein. Very surprisingly, diynone 8 was toxic to normal human fibroblasts (BJ) and mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF), but not to immortalized human fibroblasts (BJEL); this unique effect was not observed with the classical DNMT inhibitor 5‐azacytidine. Therefore, compound 8 interferes in a very specific manner with signaling pathways, the activities of which differ between normal and immortalized cell types. This toxicity is reminiscent of the effects of Dnmt1 ablation on mouse fibroblasts. In fact, some of the genes deregulated by the loss of Dnmt1 are similarly deregulated by 8, but not by the DNMT inhibitor SGI‐1027.
Stabilization of Large Adsorbates by Rotational Entropy: A Time‐Resolved Variable‐Temperature STM Study
Authors: Waldmann Thomas , Klein Jens , Hoster Harry E. , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInvestigating the dynamics in an adlayer of the oligopyridine derivative 2‐phenyl‐4,6‐bis(6‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐4‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)pyridine‐2‐yl)pyrimidine (2,4′‐BTP) on Ag(111) by fast scanning tunneling microscopy (video‐STM), we found that rotating 2,4′‐BTP adsorbates coexist in a two‐dimensional (2D) liquid phase (β‐phase) in a dynamic equilibrium with static adsorbate molecules. Furthermore, exchange between an ordered phase (α‐phase) and β‐phase leads to fluctuations of the domain boundary on a time scale of seconds. Quantitative evaluation of the temperature‐dependent equilibrium between rotating and static adsorbates, evaluated from a large number of STM images, gains insight into energetic and entropic stabilization and underlines that the rotating adsorbate molecules are stabilized by an entropy contribution, which is compatible with that derived by using statistical mechanics. The general validity of the concept of entropic stabilization of rotating admolecules, favoring rotation already at room temperature, is tested for other typical small, mid‐size and large adsorbates.
Fabrication of Environmentally Biodegradable Lignin Nanoparticles
Authors: Frangville Camille , Rutkevičius Marius , Richter Alexander P. , Velev Orlin D. , Stoyanov Simeon D. , Paunov Vesselin N. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe developed a method for the fabrication of novel biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) from lignin which are apparently non‐toxic for microalgae and yeast. We compare two alternative methods for the synthesis of lignin NPs which result in particles of very different stability upon change of pH. The first method is based on precipitation of low‐sulfonated lignin from an ethylene glycol solution by using diluted acidic aqueous solutions, which yields lignin NPs that are stable over a wide range of pH. The second approach is based on the acidic precipitation of lignin from a high‐pH aqueous solution which produces NPs stable only at low pH. Our study reveals that lignin NPs from the ethylene glycol‐based precipitation contain densely packed lignin domains which explain the stability of the NPs even at high pH. We characterised the properties of the produced lignin NPs and determined their loading capacities with hydrophilic actives. The results suggest that these NPs are highly porous and consist of smaller lignin domains. Tests with microalgae like Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and yeast incubated in lignin NP dispersions indicated that these NPs lack measurable effect on the viability of these microorganisms. Such biodegradable and environmentally compatible NPs can find applications as drug delivery vehicles, stabilisers of cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations, or in other areas where they may replace more expensive and potentially toxic nanomaterials.
Influence of Deuteration and Fluorination on the Supramolecular Architecture of Pyridine N‐Oxide Crystals
Authors: Shishkin Oleg V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Maleev Andrey V. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Vasylyeva Vera , Merz Klaus 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo understand how deuterium and fluorine substituents influence the supramolecular architecture of pyridine N‐oxide crystals, the crystal structure of 3‐fluoropyridine N‐oxide (PNO‐3F) was determined and the crystal packing motives of non‐deuterated pyridine‐N‐oxide (PNO), partial‐deuterated pyridine‐N‐oxide (PNO‐D) and PNO‐3F were analyzed based on ab initio quantum‐chemical calculations of the intermolecular interaction energy, using the MP2/6‐311G(d,p) method. The appearance of the weak‐directing substituents deuterium and fluorine leads to significant changes in the crystal organization of the isotropic packing of PNO molecules.
First‐Principles Study toward CO Adsorption on Au/Ni Surface Alloys
Authors: Huang Yu Cheng , Du Jin Yan , Zhou Tao , Wang Su Fan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe introduction of a second metal, gold, into a nickel matrix can effectively improve the catalytic performance and thermal stability of the catalysts toward steam reforming of methane. To investigate the effect of Au on the adsorption properties and electronic structure of the Ni(111) surface, we chose CO as a probe molecule and examined CO adsorption on various Au/Ni surfaces. It was revealed that Au addition weakened the absorbate–substrate interactions on the Ni(111) surface. With increasing gold concentration, the binding energy declines further. The variation of the binding energies has been interpreted by exploring the electronic structure of surface nickel atoms. The effect of gold can be quantitatively characterized by the slopes of the fitting equations between the binding energy and the number of gold atoms surrounding the adsorption site. Our results show that the binding energy at top sites can be approximately estimated by counting the number of surrounding gold atoms. On one specific surface, the relative magnitude of the binding energy can be simply judged by the distance between gold and the geometrical center of the adsorption site. This empirical rule holds true for C, H, and O adsorption on the Au/Ni surface. It may be applicable to a system in which a doped atom of larger atomic size is incorporated into the host metal surface by forming a surface alloy.
Comparing work productivity in obesity and binge eating
Authors: Striegel Ruth H. , Bedrosian Richard , Wang Chun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjective:To examine productivity impairment in individuals with obesity and/or binge eating.Method:Based on current weight and eating behavior, 117,272 employees who had completed a health risk appraisal and psychosocial functioning questionnaire were classified into one of four groups. Gender‐stratified analyses compared groups on four measures: absenteeism, presenteeism, total work productivity impairment, and (non‐work) activity impairment.Results:Overall group differences were statistically significant for all measures with lowest impairment in non‐obese men and women without binge eating (n = 34,090, n = 39,198), higher levels in individuals without binge eating (n = 15,570, n = 16,625), yet higher levels in non‐obese men and women with binge eating (n = 1,381, n = 2,674), and highest levels in obese men and women with binge eating (Group 4, n = 2,739, n = 4,176).Discussion:Health initiatives for obese employees should include screening and interventions for employees with binge eating. © 2012 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Resonance Raman Study of Spin‐Crossover [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)·H2O Particles Coated with Gold
Authors: Tobon Yeny A. , Etrillard Céline , Nguyen Olivier , Létard Jean‐François , Faramarzi Vina , Dayen Jean‐François , Doudin Bernard , Bassani Dario M. , Guillaume François 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSpin‐crossover (SCO) particles of the [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4)·H2O polymeric complex were deposited on a glass slide and coated with gold. We found that normal Raman scattering is not appropriate for analysing such a material. However, the spin transition and the thermal hysteresis of the coated particles were successfully monitored by means of Raman spectroscopy using the 325 nm excitation line that is in pre‐resonance with the Metal to Ligand Charge Transfer (MLCT) electronic absorption band of the low‐spin state. The results obtained confirm the persistence of the spin‐crossover properties of the gold coated particles. The strong enhancement of the Raman scattering using the 325 nm excitation opens interesting opportunities for monitoring the SCO of particles integrated in miniaturised devices.
Mechanistic Understanding of Alkyne Haloboration: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAb initio calculations have been performed with second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) to understand the mechanisms of alkyne haloboration. The present study throws light on three important aspects of this reaction: (1) reaction routes, (2) stereoconversion pathways, and (3) physicochemical uniqueness. The cis‐Markovnikov reaction route is controlled by a characteristic four‐centered transition state, reflecting the roles of alkynes and boron halides, and also the stability of the product. For the stereoconversion pathways, a boron‐halide‐mediated addition–elimination process appears to be most favorable. Nevertheless, the high activation barrier suggests that prolonged heating with excess boron halide (commonly used in synthesis) would favor cis/trans isomerization. Finally, comparison with other halometalations showed clear thermodynamic and kinetic advantages of haloboration as a unique, catalyst‐free protocol among many elemento‐metalation reactions.
Effects of material variability on the ductility of composite beams and overstrength coefficients
Authors: Nofal Srour , Somja Hugues , Hjiaj Mohammed , Nguyen Quang Huy 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe aim of this paper is to investigate the plastic rotation capacity of composite beams as well as the overstrength factors for composite joints considering the actual European steel production. It relies on the statistical data of the mechanical properties of steel profiles and reinforcement bars produced in several European steel mills that have been collected during the European research project OPUS. Several steel and composite structures have been designed following the EN 1998 rules, and the effect of the statistical distribution of the steel properties on the design has been analyzed. In such structures, the first attainment of the rotation capacity is expected to happen in the hogging region. The plastic rotation capacity was evaluated using the so‐called standard beam concept. The moment–rotation curve was constructed by joining together the pre‐buckling branch, determined using a fiber model, and the post‐buckling part derived by considering the local plastic failure mechanism as suggested by Gioncu. A program in MATLAB (MATLAB version 7.10.0. Natick, Massachusetts: The MathWorks Inc., 2010) was developed to establish such curve for arbitrary composite beams. The predictions of the model compare favorably against the experimental results. On the basis of the probabilistic model for the mechanical properties of steel, we derive the statistical distribution of the maximum rotation defined at the intersection of the pre‐buckling and post‐buckling curves. Next, we estimate the so‐called overstrength factors. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.