bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threat of Biowarfare from Recent Genome Editing Advancements
Authors: Ballais Baylee 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Genes are foundational to all organisms, yet their specific makeup is left to chance. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR, allow scientists to manipulate the gene and rid it of disease-causing mutations. Recent advancements have rendered current authority inefficacious in ensuring biosecurity. Nations could create “designer diseases” to infect others while protecting their own. The use and access to genome editing technologies must be controlled to restrict their use as biological weapons.
Standardization Gaps in European Disaster Management
Authors: Vollmer Maike , Berchtold Claudia , Sakkas Georgios , Tsaloukidis Ioannis , Kazantzidou-Firtinidou Danai , Woitsch Pertti , Perilä Jaakko 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The management of large-scale disasters, caused for example by natural hazards, industrial accidents or terror attacks, requires collaboration of different types of organizations. The organizations can use different equipment and tools, follow different strategies and procedures, or have different understandings of relevant terms. These differences, increasingly complex when it comes to international cooperation, can cause severe lack of interoperability that can result in vital time delays. An approach to increase interoperability in European disaster management is to standardize solutions, such as technical tools, procedures or terminology. However, standardization is not always trivial, in some cases it is impossible, in others there are challenges to overcome. In context of an EU initiative to facilitate and push standardization across all fields of European disaster management, an initial step was to gather standardization gaps in a comprehensive manner. Standardization gaps are the result of comparing end-users’ standardization needs with existing standards. Selected results of the gap analysis are presented in this article, and put into context of the general structure of disaster management standardization. Related challenges such as the proper involvement of all relevant stakeholders, and specific characteristics of the disaster management domain are addressed, and suggestions for a way forward are provided.
Cross-Border and Transboundary Resilience
Authors: Adrot Anouck , Buscher Monika , Fiedrich Frank , Rigaud Eric , Wiens Marcus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In recent years, resilience at and across borders has become a major concern. However, borders are characterized by complexity, emergence and creativity. This implies the need to better understand how disasters and their inherent risks are practically handled in cross-border regions. In this special issue, a diverse range of articles explore the operational, social, and technological challenges inherent to cross-border resilience.
On universality in short intervals for zeta-functions of certain cusp forms
Authors: Laurinčikas Antanas , Šiaučiūnas Darius 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we consider universality in short intervals for the zeta-function attached to a normalized Hecke-eigen cusp form with respect to the modular group. For this, we apply a conjecture for the mean square in short interval on the critical strip for that zeta-function. The proof of the obtained universality theorem is based on a probabilistic limit theorem in the space of analytic functions.
The Analog Ends of Science: Investigating the Analogy of the Laws of Nature Through Object-Oriented Ontology and Ontogenetic Naturalism
Authors: Tewers Micah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the analogy of the “laws of nature” through Graham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) and Gilbert Simondon’s ontogenetic naturalism (ON). Both thinkers challenge the literalist interpretation of scientific knowledge by emphasizing the indirect nature of relation and the primacy of the autonomy of discrete beings over pre-established physical laws. Harman’s OOO defends this autonomy as the irreducible independence of objects from their relations, while Simondon focuses on the modulation of information in shaping the laws of nature through individuation. The article argues that while science remains the best recursive triangulation between logic and empirical evidence, its grasp of an ultimate, literal Truth is constricted by an epistemological relation to autonomous realities, grounded in analogy. Consequently, the laws of nature are considered as legislated by discrete autonomies, with space and time emerging from the things themselves. The article concludes by discussing the consequences of this reframing in light of the ancient conception of díkēkosmos (cosmic justice).
Besetzte Umwelt
Authors: Nagornaia Oksana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Der Aufsatz untersucht den Zusammenhang von Raum, Umwelt und Krieg am Beispiel der wiederholten Besetzungen (Ost-)Galiziens durch russische Truppen im Ersten Weltkrieg. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dabei das spannungsvolle Verhältnis zwischen den Bemühungen, die eroberte Region in das Zarenreich zu integrieren, und zugleich den militärischen Notwendigkeiten des Kriegsgeschehens Rechnung zu tragen. Dabei wurde die Umwelt unter den Bedingungen des industriellen Kriegs zwangsläufig militarisiert: Man holzte die Wälder ab und überflutete die Flusstäler aus operativen Überlegungen heraus; dazu kam die Verseuchung der Böden durch Kampfstoffe, Leichen und Kadaver. Die Angst vor Epidemien führte rasch zu einer Medikalisierung des Okkupationsregimes; dabei blieb eine Radikalisierung der Besatzungspraxis bis zu einer Politik der verbrannten Erde nicht aus.
Evaluation of nitrate in shallow groundwater at Pasirkoja of Bandung City, Indonesia, using the pollution index and the nitrate pollution index methods
Authors: Naily Wilda , Sunardi Sunardi , Asdak Chay , Hendarmawan Hendarmawan 
Published: July 2024

Pasirkoja is an old residential area in Bandung City currently densely populated. Some people in Pasirkoja use shallow groundwater for washing and bathing, and some for cooking. Pollutants very easily pollute shallow groundwater, and nitrate is one of the pollutants found in shallow groundwater in residential areas. The water quality status was determined using the pollution index (PI) method based on a Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 115 of 2003 and the nitrate pollution index (NPI) to ascertain the shallow groundwater quality in Pasirkoja of Bandung City, Indonesia. The variables used in the PI method were pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, and nitrite, while the NPI method used the nitrate parameter. Shallow groundwater samples were taken during the rainy season and dry season. Based on the PI method, the results showed that the quality status of shallow groundwater at the research location is mostly lightly polluted in the rainy and dry seasons. Meanwhile, based on the NPI method, most are clean (not polluted). Differences in the quality status of shallow groundwater depend on the environmental conditions around which shallow groundwater samples were taken. The research results also showed that, based on the PI method, nitrate is not the main parameter that determines pollution at the research location.
Implication of the root growth and soil macropores distribution on sugarcane yield in Takalar, Indonesia
Authors: Safitri Wina , Ala Ambo , Gusli Sikstus , Salim Iqbal 
Published: July 2024

This study examined the relationship between the decline in sugarcane productivity and the distribution of macropores and depth of root penetration in sugarcane plantations in Takalar during one planting period (October 2021-September 2022). There were five observation points (P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5) in one hectare of land to measure the distribution of soil macropores using methylene blue solution. Cross-sections of the soil were made to observe the presence of plant roots at a depth of 0-40 cm with a width of 60 cm. In each plot, disturbed soil samples were collected to measure soil texture, soil organic matter (SOM), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) contents. Other measurement parameters were the infiltration rate and plant productivity. The results indicated that SOM and NPK levels at the research location were deficient, serving as the first indicators of problematic soil. Macropore observations revealed that macropores were distributed only at a less than 10 cm soil depth. This distribution limited the penetration of plant roots to a depth of 0-40 cm. The root length density (RLD) value indicated the absence of roots at depths of 30-40 cm in plots P2 and P3. The field findings explained why sugarcane production in Takalar only achieved 50%, around 40 t ha-1 from the first ratoon sugarcane harvest, instead of the expected 70-80 t ha-1.
El Método Stlocus en políticas de planificación y ordenamiento territorial. Aplicado en la zona periurbana de Usme, Bogotá
Authors: Torres Rodriguez Dilia Stephany , Bozzano Horacio 
Published: July 2024

In 2015, a research study was conducted in a peri-urban area of Bogotá, Colombia, with the aim to 1) diagnose the effect of urban expansion on historically rural and agricultural lands, and 2) implement one of the methods provided by Territorial Intelligence, specifically the Stlocus method.
Once all seven phases of the method were completed, scientific results were obtained that encompassed the four key aspects (social, economic, environmental, and academic). These results not only assessed the problem but also generated possible solutions for the situation in the study area. Thus, both the territory and the method benefited and were enriched through its implementation.
Monitoring the Immune System in Critically Ill Patients (Review)
Authors: Stepanov А. V. , Shapovalov K. G. 
Published: July 2024

Most patients with critical illness, regardless of the cause, develop activation of innate and adaptive immunity. This is often a critical process leading to organ dysfunction.The aim of the review is to systematize information on monitoring the immune system in critical illness for physicians of different specialties (anesthesiology and intensive care, surgery, general practice, obstetrics and gynecology).The review includes information from 83 recent national and international publications (mostly from 2023), available in the public domain and found by keyword search.We have summarized the current understanding of the relationship between infections and the human immune system, as well as the clinical application of traditional markers of immune status. We provided data on novel promising markers for the assessment of immunity in patients with various diseases.Limitations of the studies reviewed include the need for additional large-scale clinical trials of even the most promising markers, as well as a synthesis of the evidence for their performance. In addition, immune monitoring is likely to increase the cost of patient care, necessitating the development of more affordable research methods.Conclusion. Almost all disorders in critically ill patients are associated with changes in the immune system. Management of patients based on their immune profile requires determination of a personalized strategy for immune modulation, treatment, and prevention of infection. Advanced monitoring of immune system functions will contribute to the personalization of medicine, and the continuous development of biological technologies will allow to improve its methods.
Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Field of Protection of Genomic and Genetic Information in the Framework of Medical Diagnostics
Authors: Kubyshkin A. V. , Grin O. S. , Shilyuk T. O. 
Published: July 2024

Objective: to formulate recommendations and proposals for improving legislation in the field of protection of genomic and genetic information, including those obtained as a result of medical diagnostics.Materials and methods. We analyzed 18 regulatory legal acts, including 4 international, 3 acts of foreign states, 11 domestic legislation and judicial practice in the area under study. In addition, scientific works on this topic were analyzed. In the course of the study, we used the formal-logical, dogmatic, comparative method and axiological approaches.Results. We formulated the concepts of genomic and genetic information and demonstrated differences between these concepts. We showed topical issues of information protection, identified problems in the field of legal regulation of relevant relations, formulated recommendations and proposals for improving legal regulation.Conclusion. Based on performed research results, we recommend: 1. To incorporate in the legislation of the Russian Federation the principle that would allow the use of genetic information for further research depending on certain cases using a criteria-based approach, when such use should meet important public interests, for example, contributes to developing methods for the treatment of serious and socially significant diseases. 2. Regulate relations in the field of obtaining consent for research of biological material for scientific purposes (for example, within the framework of the Federal Law "On Personal Data"). 3. To define in Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 5, 1996 "On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering Activities" the cases that require ethical examination in order to comply with the principle of safety of clinical trials of gene diagnostic methods, as well as in other cases. 4. Medical organizations shall ensure compliance with the rules of professional ethics in terms of data confidentiality, carry out their depersonalization, notify patients in writing about compliance with such a regime and, as a result, provide guarantees for the protection of information about patients, as well as about their relatives.
The influence of aerosol on elements of global atmospheric electrical circuit
Authors: ЗАЙНЕТДИНОВ Б.Г. , МОРОЗОВ В.Н. , ЗАНЮКОВ В.В. 
Published: July 2024

Одной из важных проблем в теории атмосферного электричества является исследование влияния аэрозольных частиц на параметры токовой цепи в атмосфере, или на глобальную токовую цепь. Представлена теоретическая модель влияния аэрозольных частиц в областях хорошей погоды на глобальную электрическую цепь (ГЭЦ) в атмосфере. Аэрозоль в приземном слое атмосферы рассматривается как слагаемое, входящее в полное сопротивление столба атмосферы. При этом генераторы электрического поля, поддерживающие ГЭЦ, не учитываются, а входят через граничное условие на верхней границе ионосферы в виде задания величины потенциала ионосферы. Также представлены результаты экспериментальных наблюдений за электрическими характеристиками атмосферы и концентрацией аэрозольных частиц. Теоретические и экспериментальные исследования дают возможность оценить концентрацию аэрозольных частиц субмикронного диапазона.
The influence of aerosol particles on the parameters of the global atmospheric electrical circuit is among important issues of the theory of atmospheric electricity. This paper presents a theoretical model of the effect of aerosol particles on the global atmospheric electrical circuit (GEC) under the fair weather. Surface aerosol is considered as a summand in the total atmospheric columnar resistance. Electric field generators which support the GEC are taken into account through the boundary condition as specified ionospheric potential. In addition to the theoretical model, experimental observations of electrical characteristics of the atmosphere and of the aerosol concentration are presented. The theoretical and experimental studies make it possible to estimate the concentration of submicron aerosol particles.
СТРАТЕГІЯ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ТА СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В УКРАЇНІ ДО 2030 року (перший публічний варіант проєкту): ВІДПОВІДНІСТЬ ВИМОГАМ САП ЄС
Authors: ПОПОВА Ольга 
Published: July 2024

Надання країнам – членам ЄС більшої свободи в розробці й реалізації національних стратегічних планів Спільної агарної політики (САП) не варто сприймати як її «ренаціоналізацію». Євросоюз визначає основні параметри аграрного і сільського розвитку (цілі, типи втручання, вимоги), а держави-члени в рамках заданої структури розробляють свої Національні стратегічні плани (НСП) САП. Ретельне наслідування в НСП заданої архітектури САП контролюється Єврокомісією. Україні варто врахувати це при розробленні стратегії аграрного розвитку і реалізовувати виправданий контекст «націоналізації», без просування її надмірності. Виявлені розбіжності між ключовими цілями та індикаторами САП ЄС і передбаченими в проєкті Стратегії розвитку сільського господарства та сільських територій в Україні на період до 2030 року (станом на 15 березня 2024 р.) актуалізують належну імплементацію засад САП ЄС у національну аграрну політику. Цілі в проєкті Стратегії України більш-менш відповідають САП, однак очевидним є обмеження екологічних цілей – передбачено одну ціль порівняно з трьома в САП. Це говорить про низький рівень сприйняття в Україні екологічних проблем розвитку агропродовольчого комплексу і декларує, що під час війни і в ранній повоєнний період (до 2030 р.) ці цілі вважатимуться такими, які поки що «не на часі», з чим важко погодитись.
У проєкті Стратегії України індикатори відображають переважно економічні досягнення сільгоспвиробників (частка виробництва і експорту у світовому обсязі, продуктивність праці, частка прибуткових підприємств); соціальні подеколи не залежать від сільського господарства; найменшою мірою представлено екологічні індикатори (лише два). Має місце обмеженість оцінок результатів упровадження Стратегії. Запропоноване доповнення проєкту Стратегії розвитку сільського господарства та сільських територій 19 індикаторами, що використовуються в САП і НСП країн – членів ЄС, стане для України кроком уперед у контексті узгодження інституційних рамок аграрного і сільського розвитку на шляху євроінтеграції.
BIBLIOMETRIC STUDY OF FINANCIAL LITERACY AND RISK TOLERANCE ON INVESTMENT DECISIONS
Authors: Nisa Karimatun , Wahono Puji , Silaningsih Endang 
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze trends and developments in research on the relationship between financial literacy, risk tolerance, and investment decisions. Employing a bibliometric analysis methodology, the study utilizes data from international publications in the Google Scholar database collected through Publish or Perish software. The analysis covers the publication period from 2017 to 2022 and includes a review of 498 articles using keywords such as financial literacy, risk tolerance, and investment decisions. VOSviewer software was employed for data analysis. The analysis reveals increased attention to topics such as risk appetite, financial markets, and performance, despite a declining trend in publications on financial literacy, risk tolerance, and investment decisions. Significant gaps in the literature are identified, particularly in areas such as financial risk tolerance, financial education, enterprise risk management, and investment horizon. Future research should focus on these underexplored areas to develop personalized investment strategies and enhance financial education. Recommendations include the creation of targeted financial education programs and tools to improve the assessment of risk tolerance. This study provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of financial literacy and risk tolerance research. It underscores the importance of these factors in making informed investment decisions and offers a foundation for future studies to build upon.
Effect of metformin on gut microbiota imbalance in patients with T2DM, and the value of probiotic supplementation
Authors: Li Lu , Chen Yanli , Tang Zhipeng , You Yan , Guo Yang , Liao Yong 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: To investigate the effect of metformin on gut microbiota imbalance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the value of probiotic supplementation.
Methods: A total of 84 newly diagnosed T2DM patients were randomly divided into probiotics group, metformin group, and control group, with 28 patients in each group. The blood glucose control, islet function, gut microbiota, and inflammatory factors were compared between three groups.
Results: After 3 months of treatment, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h postprandial plasma glucose (2-h PG), and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were evidently decreased in both probiotics and metformin groups (P < 0.05) and were lower than that in the control group prior to treatment. Besides, FPG, 2-h PG, and HbA1c were lower in the metformin group than that in the control group. FPG, 2-h PG, and HbA1c were further lower in the probiotic group than in the metformin group (P < 0.05). Fasting insulin (FINS) and islet β cell (HOMA-β) -function were dramatically increased in the same group (P < 0.05), while insulin-resistant islet β cells (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower in the same group (P < 0.05); FINS and HOMA-β were significantly higher, while HOMA-IR was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in both groups than in the control group prior to treatment. HOMA-IR was also lower in the probiotic group than in the metformin group after treatment (P < 0.05); the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria increased (P < 0.05) in both probiotic and metformin groups than in the control group prior to treatment, and the number of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus was lower in the control group prior to treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, the number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria was higher and the number of enterobacteria and enterococci was lower in the probiotic group than that in the metformin group after treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were lower in both probiotic and metformin groups (P < 0.05). The serum LPS, IL-6, and CRP levels were lower in both probiotic and metformin groups, compared to the control group prior to the treatment (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Metformin while treating T2DM assists in improving the imbalance of gut microbiota.
Exploring immuno-genetic resistance in pigs to the food-borne zoonotic pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii: A serological study in Central Italy
Authors: Torricelli Martina , Fratto Anna , Costarelli Silva , Lancioni Hovirag , Torina Alessandra , Panzieri Carmen , Sebastiani Carla , Ciullo Marcella , Cruciani Deborah , Crotti Silvia , Mazzone Piera , Biagetti Massimo 
Published: July 2024

Toxoplasmosis is a re-emerging food-borne zoonosis of warm-blooded animals caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite with a complex biological cycle. Until now, the genotypic approach for discovering putative resistance immuno-genetic markers has never been adopted for T. gondii infection. Thus, this study aimed, for the first time, to deepen these novel insights. In particular, pigs, reared in different farms in Central Italy, were phenotypically characterized by serological assays performed on diaphragm meat juice. Out of 179 tested animals, 98 resulted seropositive (54.74%), 57 seronegative (31.84%), and 24 doubtful (13.40%), underlining a possible re-emerging diffusion of this protozoan in the investigated areas. Contextually, an RT-PCR assay, followed by Sanger sequencing for IL-18, a pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key role upstream of the infection, was developed. At this stage, for this interleukin, significant polymorphic variations were not detected compared to the reference sequence, except in a seropositive animal. However, the starting outcomes of this novel and preliminary study will be investigated in depth with different approaches also on other target genes, with a crucial activity in the immunity pathway towards T. gondii, to unveil the possible presence of resistance genetic mechanisms and, finally, to make pork derived food safer.