bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N‐(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide as a multifunctional finish to cotton and a tether for grafting methacrylamide for biocidal coatings
Authors: Yildiz Ozkan , Cerkez Idris , Kocer Hasan B. , Worley S. D. , Broughton R. M. , Huang T. S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractN‐(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide (NMA) was immobilized on cotton surfaces through etherification, and then methacrylamide (MA) was grafted onto the treated surface. The coatings were characterized by ATR‐IR spectroscopy and were rendered biocidal upon exposure to dilute household bleach. The treated fabrics were challenged with Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria; both NMA and NMA/MA‐treated fabrics inactivated about 8 logs of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus within only 5 min of contact time. The coatings were also quite stable toward ultraviolet (UVA) light exposure and repeated laundering. Moreover, a substantial improvement in wrinkle recovery angle was obtained for the NMA/MA‐treated fabrics. The new acyclic acrylamide N‐halamine coating should be less expensive to produce and use than previous cyclic N‐halamine coatings developed in these laboratories. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synergistic mechanical response of Nylon 6/Trogamid® T blends
Authors: Ridhore Amol , Jog Jyoti 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBlends of semicrystalline Nylon 6 with a varying ratios of amorphous Nylon are studied for their morphological, thermal, dielectric, and mechanical behavior. Thermal analysis indicated a compositional dependant decrease in the melting and crystallization temperatures of Nylon 6. The blends exhibited a single compositional dependant glass transition temperature in dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and dielectrical relaxation spectroscopy over entire mixing ratio indicating miscibility between the blend components. The values of flexural modulus and tensile modulus of the blends are found to increase without significant loss in the impact properties. The water absorption of the blends is also lower than the values calculated by rule of mixtures. The observed synergistic behavior of the mechanical properties of the blends is indicative of presence of strong interactions in the blends components. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Microwave preparation and copper ions adsorption properties of crosslinked chitosan/ZSM molecular sieve composites
Authors: Li Haiming , Huang Dinghai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel chitosan‐based composite (CTS/ZSM) made of chitosan and ZSM molecular sieve was prepared under microwave irradiation and was used for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. The composites were characterized by FTIR spectra, XRD spectra, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the ZSM content, amount of glutaraldehyde and pH value on adsorption properties of Cu (II) ions by CTS/ZSM were discussed in detail. Contrast with crosslinked chitosan (CCTS), the CTS/ZSM had higher adsorption capacity for Cu (II). Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption of Cu (II) onto CTS/ZSM composite had low correlation coefficients for the pseudo‐first and ‐second order model and intraparticle diffusion model. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir than Freundlich isotherm model. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis and characterization of poly(silyl urethane)s derived from glycol‐modified silanes
Authors: Coneski Peter N. , Weise Nickolaus K. , Wynne James H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHybrid composites are a class of material that have gained substantial recognition due to their highly sought‐after properties of both organics and inorganics. A novel method for incorporating inorganic content into urethane materials is through the use of organically modified silicate cross‐linkers. Glycol‐modified silanes, in particular, allow for the facile preparation of highly cross‐linked urethane materials with a wide range of bulk and surface characteristics including glass transition temperature (−40.4–85.6°C), storage modulus (0.7–1.62 GPa), and surface energy (19.0–62.4 dynes cm−1). Importantly, control of the overall polymer properties remains achievable via the structural control of macrodiols and isocyanates. Additionally, incorporation of silicate cross‐linkers into urethane systems provides these materials with a hydrolyzable character, which may be controlled by altering the bulk polymer composition, cross‐link density, and surface energy. The unique nature of these systems also allows for the preparation of highly cross‐linked urethanes in the absence of any heavy metal catalysts and depending on the composition, with the use of little to no solvent. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synthesis of hybrid ZnO/CNTs nanoparticles and their reinforcement in nylon‐6 polymer fibers
Authors: Rangari Vijaya K. , Mohammad Ghouse M. , Seyhan Boyoglu, , Jeelani Shaik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this investigation, in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been carried out using a sonochemical technique. Zinc(II)acetate was used as a source of ZnO in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) to obtain zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. The synthesized hybrid ZnO/CNTs nanoparticles were used as reinforcements to enhance the mechanical, thermal and UV absorbing properties of Nylon‐6 composite fibers. The polymer nanocomposites (PNC) were fabricated by dry mixing Nylon‐6 polymer powder with the ZnO/CNTs hybrid nanoparticles as the first step, then followed by the drying and melt extrusion process of fiber materials in a single‐screw extruder. The extruded fibers were stretched and stabilized using a godet set‐up and wound on a Wayne filament winder machine. The hybrid ZnO/CNTs infused Nylon‐6 composite fibers were compared with commercial ZnO, CNTs infused Nylon‐6 composite fibers and neat Nylon‐6 fibers for their structural and thermal properties. The morphological characteristics of ZnO/CNTs nanoparticles were carried out using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The Nylon‐6 PNC fibers which were of ∼80 μ size were tested mechanically. The tensile tests revealed that failure stress of the 1% infused ZnO/CNTs Nylon‐6 PNC fibers is about 73% higher than the neat extruded Nylon‐6 fiber and the improvement in the tensile modulus is 377.4%. The DSC results show an increase in the glass transition temperature and crystallization for ZnO/CNTs infused Nylon‐6 PNC fibers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Conservation value of waterfalls as habitat for lotic insects of western Victoria, Australia
Authors: Rackemann Sarah L. , Robson Belinda J. , Matthews Ty G. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

The conservation significance of waterfalls for insect assemblages is not well known, but there are aquatic insect species known to be waterfall specialists. If waterfalls support distinct insect assemblages, they may make a disproportionately large contribution to regional freshwater insect diversity.
The aim of the present study was to determine whether waterfalls in western Victoria, Australia, support distinct insect assemblages compared with other, fast‐flowing habitat (e.g. riffles). Twelve waterfalls were sampled during autumn and winter 2009, with three positions sampled at each waterfall: the vertical rock face; directly below the waterfall rock face; and an adjacent riffle.
Insect assemblages on vertical rock faces differed from those in riffles and below waterfalls. Insects positively associated with waterfall rock faces were coleopterans, plecopterans or trichopterans. Turnover (beta‐diversity) of taxa was higher among waterfall rock faces in autumn than among riffles or below waterfalls at either sampling time.
The mean (± SE) number of insect taxa was greater in riffles (autumn 11 spp. ± 1.5; winter 15 ± 1.4) than rock faces (autumn 9 spp. ± 0.9; winter 7 ± 0.5). Some species were found only on waterfall rock faces. The total number of taxa was higher on waterfalls with a higher percentage cover of moss. Waterfall habitat appears to support the existence of certain insect species and may provide a refuge for rheophilic species during periods of low flow.
Conservation of waterfall habitat is thus important for conserving aquatic insect diversity, and waterfall‐dependent and rheophilic taxa will be threatened by disturbances such as drought and river regulation that reduce stream flows. Environmental water allocations could be used to preserve fast‐flowing waterfall habitat, but flow requirements of waterfall insects need to be further investigated and included in river flow management.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood volume pulse (BVP) derived vagal tone (VT) between 5 and 7 years of age: A methodological investigation of measurement and longitudinal stability
Authors: Heathers James A. J. , Fink Elian , Kuhnert Rebecca‐Lee , de Rosnay Marc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe present study evaluated the possibility of collecting cardiac vagal tone data using a photoplethysmograph, and its stability and continuity in a longitudinal sample of early‐school aged children. A method for the optical (i.e., blood volume pulse) estimation of heart rate was established in a pilot study. Then the longitudinal stability and continuity in photoplethysmograph‐derived vagal tone was assessed in 114 children (56 girls) at three sessions between 5 and 7 years of age. Results indicate that this method possesses substantial measurement reliability and individual stability, as children report low intra‐individual variation over time. Children also report a mean decrease in vagal tone from 5 to 7 years of age, consistent with increased attentional capacity. Overall, this suggests blood volume pulse estimation of vagal tone is both accurate and appropriate for naturalistic developmental research. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 23–35, 2014.
Superstars “like” me: The effect of role model similarity on performance under threat
Authors: Marx David M. , Ko Sei Jin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPast work has shown that in‐group role models buffer stereotyped targets from stereotype threat. What is less clear is what makes an effective in‐group role model. Accordingly, we conducted a study to examine whether increasing the similarity of in‐group role models will enhance their effectiveness in stereotype threat situations. Female participants in this study were either exposed to a more or less similar (on the basis of school affiliation, life experiences, and interests) female job candidate who was either high or low in math competence. Afterwards, participants took a math exam under stereotype threat conditions. Results revealed that similarity moderated the effect of job candidate math competence: Female participants' math performance improved more after exposure to a more similar compared with a less similar, high math‐competent candidate. No effects of similarity occurred for the low math‐competent candidates. We further found that feelings of intimidation partially mediated the performance effects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability and Lifetime of Potassium Solid‐Contact Ion Selective Electrodes for Continuous and Autonomous Measurements
Authors: McElhoney Kyle , O'Neil Glen D. , Chaniotakis Nikos A. , Kounaves Samuel P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe current generation of solid‐contact ion‐selective electrodes (SC‐ISE) suffer from lack of stability and lifetime. When using such sensors for remote, continuous, or autonomous measurements, these analytical characteristics are especially critical. In this work we compare several different configurations of ISEs to be deployed for monitoring in extreme environments, and present a novel configuration to improve performance. In particular we compare a polymeric hydrogel‐based ISE, used previously in the Wet Chemistry Lab on the Phoenix Mars Lander, with three variations of solid supported nanoporous carbon‐based ISEs. The symmetric membrane (SM) solid contact ISE (SM‐SC‐ISE) shows promise in overcoming many of the analytical problems encountered with hydrogel and solid‐state devices. The results indicate that sensors based on the SM configuration provide improvements in both stability, and most importantly reproducibility, over other existing SC‐ISEs. Future work will continue testing the SM configuration for use in a variety of extreme environments, including continuous monitoring and in‐situ analyses in extraterrestrial environments.
An Electroanalytical Approach to Brimonidine at Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Based on Its Extensive Voltammetric Study
Authors: Radulović Valentina , Aleksić Mara M. , Agbaba Danica , Kapetanović Vera 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn extensive electrochemical study of brimonidine at boron doped diamond electrode (BDDE) was done by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) in sulfuric acid of different concentrations (pH ranged from 0.6 to 1.6), and in BR buffer (pH ranged from 2.0 to 9.0). It was found that the reduction of brimonidine occurred in a one‐step quasi‐reversible mechanism, involving the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reduction process took place at the quinoxaline ring and the corresponding mechanism of reduction was confirmed to be the same as for the other quinoxaline derivatives. The nature of the electrode process was found to be diffusion controlled in acid medium, while in a more alkaline medium a certain degree of adsorption was noticed. Based on this study, two sensitive voltammetric methods, differential pulse (DPV) and square wave (SWV) were developed, fully validated and suggested for rapid electroanalytical determination of low concentrations of brimonidine. The linearity was achieved within the concentration range from 2×10−6 M to 3×10−5 M for DPV (LOD=6.31×10−7 M, LOQ=2.1×10−6 M) and from 5×10−7 M to 1.5×10−5 M for SWV (LOD=1.28×10−7 M, LOQ=4.28×10−7 M). The methods were applied for brimonidine determination in pharmaceutical dosage form, eye drops. The obtained good recoveries suggested these simple and accurate methods for quality control of brimonidine in dosage form. Due to its high sensitivity, the SWV method could be a good alternative for determination of low concentrations of brimonidine, even in biological samples.
Femoral fracture rates after discharge from the hospital to the community
Authors: Rapp Kilian , Cameron Ian D , Becker Clemens , Kleiner Andrea , Eckardt Matthias , König Hans-Helmut , Klenk Jochen 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Previous studies found that the risk of a femoral fracture in residents newly admitted to nursing homes was highest during the first months after admission and declined thereafter. Many nursing home admissions are preceded by a hospitalization. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze if a similar risk pattern of fall-related fractures could also be observed in community-dwelling people at home after discharge from the hospital. Routine data of more than 690,000 German people aged 65 years and older with more than 2 million hospital discharges were used to calculate fracture rates in the first 6 months after hospitalization, for people discharged to live in the community. Incidence rates of femoral fractures as a function of time since discharge from hospital were analyzed. Analyses were stratified by sex, age, the need for care, and diagnostic groups. For femoral fractures the incidence was highest during the first months after discharge and declined thereafter. This pattern was observed in women and men, in different age-groups, in different diagnostic groups, and in people with and without the need for care. For example, rates for femoral fractures in women declined from 17.4 to 11.0 per 1000 person years over the first 6 months after admission, and in men over the same time period from 8.2 to 4.5 per 1000 person-years, respectively. We conclude that the first weeks at home after discharge from the hospital are associated with an increased risk for femoral fractures. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Gastric cancer epidemiology and risk factors
Authors: Guggenheim Douglas E. , Shah Manish A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGastric cancer is a prevalent yet heterogeneous disease. From diet and lifestyle to genetics and ethnicity, our appreciation of the complexity of gastric cancer has evolved. This review will discuss the epidemiology of gastric cancer focusing on trends across various risk categories. We realize that gastric cancer is not merely a single disease, but rather individual diseases within a single organ—a distinction that will aid our understanding of disease heterogeneity and its significance. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:230–236. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extent of local invasion and safe resection in cT1–2 tonsil cancer
Authors: Lee Jungbok , Yoon Nara , Choi Sung Yong , Moon Jeong‐hwan , Chung Man Ki , Son Young‐Ik , Ko Young‐Hyeh , Jeong Han‐Sin , Baek Chung‐Hwan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intraoral resection of small‐sized tonsil cancer achieves excellent tumor control, the extent of local invasion and adequate safety margin in resection have not been studied. Thus, we aim to determine the extent of local invasion in terms of mucosal spread and deep infiltration in stage T1–2 tonsil cancer.MethodsWe re‐analyzed the surgical specimens from 49 cT1–2 tonsil cancers. Microscopic tumor cell extension from the tumor gross boundary of specimens was assessed in representative sections of each tumor. We also tested whether local extension correlates with human papilloma virus (HPV) status of tumors.ResultsThe extent of microscopic deep invasion from the gross tumor border was 0.52 ± 0.41 mm, which was significantly less than that of mucosal spread (0.83 ± 0.61 mm, P = 0.01) in cT1–2 tonsil cancer. The microscopic deep invasion correlated with tumor size (rho = 0.703, P < 0.001). We found tumor invasion into superior constrictor muscles in 58.1%, no cases of tumor invasion into the deep fascia. In terms of HPV status (genotyping plus p16 staining), there were no differences in microscopic tumor extension.ConclusionOur detailed pathologic analyses confirm that an oropharyngectomy including the superior constrictor muscle is an oncologically safe procedure for stage T1–2 tonsil cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:469–473. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tuning Dispersity in Diblock Copolymers Using ARGET ATRP
Authors: Plichta Andrzej , Zhong Mingjiang , Li Wenwen , Elsen Andrea M. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPoly(methyl acrylate)‐b‐polystyrene with controlled molecular weight distribution of each block was synthesized via activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization. Polymers with tunable dispersity, in the range of Mw/Mn 1.32 to 2.0, were achieved by adjusting the concentration of the copper catalyst and reaction temperature, thereby controlling the rate of reversible deactivation reaction as well as the number of monomer units added during each activation cycle. Regardless of the increased dispersity, high chain‐end functionality was retained and the livingness of the macroinitiators was confirmed by chain extension, resulting in diblock copolymers with controlled dispersity in each block. Liquid chromatography under critical conditions was employed to determine if any macroinitiator remained in the final product.
Protective effect of cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside fraction from mulberry fruit pigment against oxidative damage in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat bladder
Authors: Ha U‐Syn , Bae Woong‐Jin , Kim Su‐Jin , Yoon Byung‐Il , Jang Hoon , Hong Sung‐Hoo , Lee Ji‐Yeoul , Hwang Seung‐Yeon , Kim Sae‐Woong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo determine whether cyanidin‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (C3G) fraction from mulberry fruit pigment has protective effects against bladder dysfunction on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic ratsMethodsSprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 12 in each): normal, diabetes (DM), and DM treated with C3G fraction (DM + C3G). The DM and DM + C3G groups received a single injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Four weeks after the induction of diabetes, the DM + C3G group was treated with daily oral C3G (10 mg/kg) dissolved in water, for 8 weeks. After 12 weeks of streptozotocin injections, rats in each group underwent cystometrography and bladders were used for evaluation of apoptosis and oxidative stress.ResultsThe DM group showed a markedly lower maximal intravesical pressure than that observed in the control group, whereas rats in the DM + C3G group showed improved maximum intravesical pressure associated with minimization of apoptosis, and increased levels of Akt and Bad phosphorylation, implying inhibition of pro‐apoptotic stimuli. The level of 8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress, was significantly greater in the DM group compared to the control group and it was significantly reduced in the C3G treated group. Immunoblotting revealed a significant decrease in the levels of the superoxide dismutase protein and nerve growth factor in the DM group compared with the control group; however, these proteins were upregulated in the DM + C3G group compared with the DM group.ConclusionsThe study is the first to suggest that C3G fraction have a potency to protect the bladder under conditions of diabetes‐induced oxidative stress. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 493–499, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parental and other factors associated with hydroxyurea use for pediatric sickle cell disease
Authors: Oyeku Suzette O. , Driscoll M. Catherine , Cohen Hillel W. , Trachtman Rebecca , Pashankar Farzana , Mullen Craig , Giardina Patricia J. , Velazco Nerissa , Racine Andrew D. , Green Nancy S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundHydroxyurea (HU) is highly effective treatment for sickle cell disease (SCD). While pediatric use of HU is accepted clinical practice, barriers to use may impede its potential benefit.ProcedureA survey of parents of children ages 5–17 years with SCD was performed across five institutions to assess factors associated with HU use.ResultsOf the 173 parent responses, 65 (38%) had children currently taking HU. Among parents of children not taking HU, the most commonly cited reasons were that their hematology provider had not offered it, their child was not sufficiently symptomatic and concerns about potential side effects. Even parents of HU users reported widespread concern about effectiveness, long‐term safety, and off‐label use. In bivariate analyses, children's ages, parental demographics such as education level, or travel time to their hematology provider were not correlated with HU use. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression revealed three significant factors associated with current HU use: better parental knowledge about its major therapeutic effects (P < 0.001), sickle genotype (P = 0.005), and institution of clinical care (P = 0.04).ConclusionsPervasive concerns about HU safety exist, even among parents of current users. Varying knowledge among parents appears to be independent of their demographics, and is associated with HU use. Inter‐institutional variability in parental knowledge and drug uptake highlights potentially potent site‐specific influences on likelihood of HU use. Overall, these survey data underscore the need for strategies to bolster parental understanding about benefits of HU and address concerns about its safety. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 653–658. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.