bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Desensitizing Agents on the Bond Strength of Mild and Strong Self-etching Adhesives
Authors: Sabatini C , Wu Z 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYBackgroundDesensitizing agents are used, almost as routine practice, in many adhesive restorative procedures. There is still debate as to their effect in dentin bonding, particularly with self-etching adhesives. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different desensitizing agents on the bond strength of mild and strong self-etching adhesive systems to dentin.Materials and MethodsOne hundred twenty recently extracted, noncarious human molars were used to obtain superficial dentin substrate for bonding. No desensitizer was used in the control groups. The experimental groups were pretreated with Gluma Desensitizer, MicroPrime B, and Dentin Desensitizer immediately prior to bonding with self-etching adhesives Optibond XTR, Xeno IV, and iBond. A bonding jig was used to fabricate composite cylinders, which were stored for either 24 hours or three months, after which the shear bond strength (SBS) was evaluated using a notched-edge testing device at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Failure mode distribution was also evaluated at 24 hours and three months. A two-way analysis of variance, Tukey test, and Student t-test, with a significance level of p&lt;0.05, were used for data analysis.ResultsAt 24 hours, there was no significant difference in SBS when the same adhesive was used with any of the experimental desensitizing agents compared with the control group without desensitizer. However, at three months, Dentin Desensitizer bonded with Optibond XTR demonstrated significantly lower SBS (p&lt;0.001), while Gluma bonded with iBond showed significantly higher SBS values (p=0.034) relative to their corresponding control group. Only MicroPrime B bonded with Xeno IV and iBond with no desensitizer demonstrated a significant reduction in SBS after three months (p=0.034 and p=0.002, respectively). The most prevalent type of failure was adhesive.ConclusionDesensitizing agents can be used in combination with self-etching adhesives to control hypersensitivity without adversely affecting their bond strength to dentin.
Research Design Of An Adaptive Controller Based On Desired Trajectory Compensation Of Neural Networks
Authors: Yu Liu 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper has designed a variable structure controller based on the nominal compensation of neural networks. The neural network input is the desired trajectory, which eliminates the strict assumptions of the control inputs in conventional neural networks. It also ensures the asymptotic stability of the system closed-loop global exponentials to introduce model compensation and continuous variable structure control rate. By means of Lyapunov stability theory, it is analyzed and researched how to guarantee good transient performance of the control system comprehensively and thoroughly. The theoretic analysis and simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the method proposed.
Iot Forest Environmental Factors Collection Platform Based On Zigbee
Authors: Yu Zhang , Xugang Liu , Xue Geng , Dan Li 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Nowadays the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has witnessed great changes in the world. As it has often been mentioned, IoT Environment Monitoring Technologies and IOT Smart Home Technologies have been gradually accepted by people and have good prospects for development. Now we can research a networking based intelligent platform to monitor our forest environmental factors in time with the new IoT technology based on ZIGBEE protocol. ZIGBEE based networking technologies has the advantages of low power dissipation, low data rate and high-capacity transportation, which makes it more suitable for the design of the node of forest environmental factors collection platform. So, we are going to discuss a kind of IoT forest environment factors collection platform based on ZIGBEE protocol.
Multi-Targets Tracking Based On Bipartite Graph Matching
Authors: Zhong Jinqin , Tan Jieqing , Li Yingying , Gu Lichuan , Chen Guolong 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Multi-target tracking is a challenge due to the variable number of targets and the frequent interaction between targets in complex dynamic environments. This paper presents a multi-target tracking algorithm based on bipartite graph matching. Unlike previous approaches, the method proposed considers the target tracking as a bipartite graph matching problem where the nodes of the bipartite graph correspond to the targets in two neighboring frames, and the edges correspond to the degree of the similarity measure between the targets in different frames. Finding correspondence between the targets is formulated as a maximal matching problem which can be solved by the dynamic Hungarian algorithm. Then, merging and splitting of the targets detection is proposed, the candidate occlusion region is predicted according to the overlapping between the bounding boxes of the interacting targets to handle the mutual occlusion problem. The extensive experimental results show that the algorithm proposed can achieve good performance on dynamic target interactions compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Study Of Algorithms Of Oil Immersed Transformer Temperature Measurement Technology
Authors: Jia Danping , Gao Ximeng , Li Chunhua 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the paper presented the temperature of an oil-immersed transformer was measured, based on the principles of the fluorescence afterglow life. Three methods were used to calculate the fluorescence afterglow life τ by using the least squares method, the integral area ratio method and Prony algorithm. The leastsquare method, the integral area ratio method and the program of Prony algorithm are written using Matlab and C++. The Least-square fitting is susceptible to the influence of the DC component. When the DC location is different, the fluorescence afterglow life τ values vary widely. The integral area ratio method is not influenced by DC component, but it has low sensitivity. Prony algorithm is not affected by DC, it has high sensitivity. So Prony algorithm is selected as a way to obtain the fluorescence afterglow lifetime value τ.
Wireless Sensor Network Localization Based On A Mobile Beacon And Tsvm
Authors: Xu Jiang , Qian Huanyan , Dai Huan , Zhu Jianxin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper a new wireless sensor network localization algorithm, based on a mobile beacon and TSVM (Transductive Support Vector Machines) is proposed, which is referred to as MTSVM. The new algorithm takes advantage of a mobile beacon to generate virtual beacon nodes and then utilizes the beacon vector produced by the communication between the nodes to transform the problem of localization into one of classification. TSVM helps to minimize the error of classification of unknown fixed nodes (unlabeled samples). An auxiliary mobile beacon is designed to save the large volumes of expensive sensor nodes with GPS devices. As shown by the simulation test, the algorithm achieves good localization performance.
A Novel Fuzzy Clustering Recommendation Algorithm Based On Pso
Authors: Hui Zhang , Fei You 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of recommendation systems, this paper proposes a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on particle swarm optimization. This algorithm can find the best solution, using the capacity of global search in PSO algorithm with a powerful global and defining a proportion factor, which can adjust the position and reduce the search space automatically. Then using mutation particles it replaces the particles flying out the solution space by new particles during the searching process. In order to check the performance of the proposed algorithm, by testing with typical ZDT1, ZDT2, ZDT3 functions, the experimental results show that the improved method not only has a better ability to converge to the global point, but can also efficiently avoid premature convergence.
Analysis Of Hotspots In The Field Of Domestic Knowledge Discovery Based On Co-Word Analysis Method
Authors: Wang X. D. , Liu J. J. , Sheng F. S. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, choosing highly frequent keywords from core journals in the field of 1992-2013 national knowledge discovery in CNKI database, counting the number of two frequent keywords co-occurrences in the same journal, then constructing the highly frequent keywords matrix, and transforming the highly frequent keywords matrix into a correlation matrix and a dissimilarity matrix, we analyze the dissimilarity matrix based on the use of factor analysis, cluster analysis. After discussing the results of the analysis, we found that the current hotspots in the field of domestic knowledge discovery have focused on the following six aspects, knowledge discovery based on data research, knowledge discovery algorithm optimization research, the model of knowledge discovery and references research, knowledge management based on domain ontology, expert system construction research, and applied research of the knowledge discovery. Finally, we summarized the research hotspots in the field of international knowledge discovery in the same way and suggested the domestic scholars to extend some directions of the research in the field of knowledge discovery.
Dynamical Topology Analysis Of Vanet Based On Complex Networks Theory
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li Jie 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is a special subset of multi-hop Mobile Ad hoc Networks, in which the vehicles wireless interfaces can communicate with each other, as well as with fixed equipments alongside city roads or highways. Vehicular mobility dynamic characteristics, including high speed, predictable, restricted mobility pattern significantly affect the performance of routing protocols in a real VANET. Based on the existing studies, here we propose a testing network according to the preferential attachment on the degree of nodes and analyze VANET model characteristics for finding out the dynamic topology from the instantaneous degree distribution, instantaneous clustering coefficient and average path length. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate that VANET has a small world network features and is characterized by a truncated scale-free degree distribution with power-law degree distribution. The dynamic topology analysis indicates a possible mechanism of VANET, which might be helpful in the traffic congestion, safety and management.
The effect of covering and mulching on the soil temperature, growth and yield of tomato
Authors: Kosterna Edyta 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
By improving the thermal and moisture conditions in the immediate vicinity of plants, plastic covers influenced the growth and development and increased the yield of vegetables. Soil mulching with organic material is one method of soil water protection and also helps maintain a constant soil temperature within the root system of crops. This study investigated the effect of plant covering and the type of straw applied to soil mulching (rye, corn, rape or buckwheat) on the soil temperature, development of the plant and the yield of ‘Polfast’ F1 tomato. The effect of the straw was compared to a control plot without mulch. Soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm was higher in covered plots than in the plot without covers. The increase in soil temperature as a result of covering amounted to 1.3°C at 8:00 a.m. and 1.7°C at 2:00 p.m. Both in the morning and in the afternoon, the soil temperature in the plots without straw and without covers and under polypropylene fibre was higher than in the plots with straw. The application of covers resulted in higher aboveground parts of plants and higher leaf area compared to cultivation without covers. Irrespective of whether a covering was used, all of the types of straw investigated in the experiment caused the acceleration of growth and development of tomato plants. Simultaneous plant covering and soil mulching increased the total yield of fruits but did not have an influence on the share of marketable yield of the total yield.
Evaluation of susceptibility of pear and plum cultivars to winter frost
Authors: Khorshidi Shadan , Davarynejad Gholamhossein , Azmoode Fahime , Kameli Mehdi 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The damage to pear and plum buds was investigated in Mashhad, after a period of unusually warm weather for a few days in March 2013 followed by a sudden drop in temperature to -12°C. Frost damages of vegetative and reproductive buds and spur-part below the buds of pear and plum cultivars were investigated based on visual observations. The following pear (Pyrus communis L.) cultivars were investigated: William’s, Bell de june, Ida, Spadona, Koshia, Domkaj, Dare Gazi, Mohamad Ali, Boheme, Shekari, Ghodumi and one Asian pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.). Japanese plum (P. salicina L.) included ’Shiro’, ’Shams’, ’Computi’ and European plum (Prunus domestica L.) included ’Stanley’, ‘Early Santa Rosa’, ’Late Santa Rosa’, ’Shablon’ and ’Black Diamond’. Electrical conductivity (EC) and proline content were measured in reproductive buds. It was discovered that visual damages were different between cultivars, as the vegetative pear bud of ‘Ghodumi’ suffered the most damage and all parts of ‘Late Santa Rosa’ were the most susceptible in plum cultivars. On the other hand, ‘Computi’ had the most resistant reproductive bud and no damage was observed in the other parts. The EC and proline content of ‘Dare Gazi’ were the highest despite the fact that high proline content did not show high resistance, which was related to the phenological stage of ‘Dare Gazi’.
Influence of Schematization Detailness on the Results of Rainfall-Runoff Modelling in the Lubina River Basin / Vliv Podrobnosti Schematizace na Výsledky Srážkoodtokového Modelování v Povodí Lubiny
Authors: Adamec Martin , Noska Lukáš , Vojvodík David 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper, in a form of a case study, deals with the influence of detailed basin schematization on the results of rainfall-runoff modelling. Three schematizations with dissimilar details were created for the study area and subsequently a rainfall-runoff simulation was carried out by means of the HEC-HMS programme for a precipitation event. Resulting hydrographs were further compared with a real discharge measured in the closing profile of the model basin. The model basin is the Lubina River basin occupying c. 160 km2, characterized by significant altitudinal articulation and variable land use, so the comparison was not limited to one landscape type. The study also includes statistical evaluation of model accuracy by means of the Nash-Sutcliffe method. Finally, the results are discussed as well as probable reasons for the behaviour of the models
Possibilities of Application of Static Investment Appraisal Methods for Optimizing Purchase under Conditions of Mine Rescue Service
Authors: Magnusková Jana , Pavelek Zdeněk , Krčmarská Lucie 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The present article focuses on the importance of making investment decisions and its long-term effect on the economy of companies. It presents a specific investment in the recovery of rescue equipment used for interventions in the irrespirable or deleterious environment on an example of the company HBZS, a.s. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the investment project using static methods in relation to setting an optimal price level for leasing the equipment. The optimization of such setting is examined in terms of the economic lifetime of relevant tangible fixed assets
Overview of Research and use of Indicator Gases of Coal Spontaneous Combustion in China / Přehled Výzkumu a Využití Indikačních Plynů Samovznícení Uhlí V Číně
Authors: Feng Xiyang , Adamus Alois 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The beginnings of research and use of results in the area of indicator gas application for early detection of spontaneous combustion of coal in China comes from the sixties of the last century. The significant development occurred in the nineties, when the program “Characteristics of the adsorption of coal oxygen and its application in the prevention of mine fires” had been completed. The paper briefly describes an overview of the historical development, achievements, experimental methods, laboratory equipment, legislation, and the outlook for the use of indicator gases of coal spontaneous combustion in China
Possibilities For Simulating The Smoke Rollback Effect In Underground Mines Using Cfd Software / Možnosti Simulace Zpětného Proudění Kouře V Hlubinných Dolech Pomocí Cfd Softwaru
Authors: Adjiski Vancho 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The effect of fire generated smoke rollback in underground mines can be dangerous and a potentially fatal threat to all who are endangered by the fire. Three critical stages in the process of smoke rollback are 3D local phenomena that can be analysed by CFD software simulations. With the help of a 3D-CFD analysis we can observe the critical stages of smoke rollback and their reaction to a ventilation network. The CFD provides the opportunity to expand the range of prediction of smoke spread for a wide spectrum of airflows, fire intensities, mine-section inclinations and layouts. The paper deals with the possibilities for simulating the smoke rollback effect in underground mines using the CFD software. For the purposes of this research paper, the PyroSim software from the company Thunderhead Engineering was used to create three different CFD fire scenarios and then observe the critical stages of smoke rollback effects.
Geometric Potential of Pléiades 1A Satellite Imagery
Authors: Postelniak Andrii 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, the geometrical characteristics of Pléiades 1A satellite imagery (both single and stereo) are analysed. At first the process of digital surface model (DSM) extraction from a Pléiades 1A stereo pair is described and analysed. After that geometric an accuracy of imagery, orthorectified using the extracted DSM and using the SRTM (Shuttle radar topographic mission) was analysed. The Pléiades 1A stereo pair was acquired on October 22, 2012 from the same orbital pass over an urban zone (Kiev, Ukraine). The study area is heterogeneous: there are both built-up and flat areas. The iImage orientation, DSM extraction and orthorectified images generation were performed using the PCI Geomatica 2013 software. The results showed that a strong, positive correlation between reference-derived elevations and DSM-derived elevations can be observed, and the orthorectified image accuracy, generated using that DSM, approximately equal to 1 m can be achieved using a bias compensation sensor model. Different sensor models were used for orthorectification using the SRTM. In this case, the geometric accuracy is а function of a chosen sensor model and a number of ground control points (GCP).
Vermiculite With Ag and Cu Used as an Antibacterial Nanofiller in Polyethylene/ Vermikulit S Ag A Cu Použitý Jako Antibakteriální Nanoplnivo V Polyethylenu
Authors: Hundáková Marianna , Valášková Marta , Samlíková Magda , Pazdziora Erich 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Vermiculite (Ver) enriched with silver and copper was used as nanofiller to the polyethylene (PE) matrix. Specifically, the low density polyethylene (LDPE) was chosen as a matrix. The samples Ver-Ag,Cu were prepared by shaking of Ver with the aqueous solutions of silver and copper nitrate. The mixtures of the Ver nanofillers and PE were homogenized by melt compounding technique and further thin plates were pressed from stiff matter of PE with Ver nanofiller. The exfoliation of the powdery Ver nanofillers in PE matrix was characterized by the X-ray diffraction analysis of thin plates. Distribution of Ver nanofiller in PE matrix was observed by Light microscopy. The reinforcing effect of nanofillers onto PE matrix was studied by creep experiment. Antibacterial activity of powder Ver-Ag,Cu samples and surfaces of PE/Ver-Ag,Cu samples was tested on the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. All tested PE/Ver-Ag,Cu surfaces showed good antibacterial behaviour after 24 h in comparison to pure PE. The number of colonies decreased from the countless number to several hundred colonies.
Application of Ozonation to Intensify Nitrification and Denitrification Processes/ Využití Ozonizace K Intenzifikaci Nitrifikačních A Denitrifikačních Procesů
Authors: Drozdová Martina , Jablonka Radim , Kučerová Radmila , Kašáková Hana 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Nitrogen and phosphorus belong to most important biogenic macro elements and both are required for the growth of microorganisms. Sewage waste waters and industrial waste waters from nitrogen production are important sources of organic and inorganic nitrogen compounds in water. Surface water predominantly contains nitrogen in a form of ammonium cations (NH4 +). This knowledge could be used in waste water treatment. The paper deals with a potential application of ozonation in waste water treatment to treat waste water polluted with excessive amounts of organic compounds, primarily containing nitrogen and its subsequent co-application with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs).
Acquisition of Romani in a Bilingual Context
Authors: Kyuchukov Hristo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The paper presents research findings from research on Roma children and their acquisition of different grammatical categories in the Romani language. Results from three different studies with Roma children from Bulgaria are discussed: acquisition of mental state verbs (MSV), Bates-MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) in Romani and subtests from DELV (Seymour, Roeper, & de Villiers, 2005). All the testing and research shows that Roma children follow the paths of normally developing children in their language development. Roma children are able to correctly use nouns, verbs, wh-questions and to assume different communicative roles.
Age and Gender Effects on Motivation and Attitudes in German Learning: The Polish Context
Authors: Okuniewski Jan E. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
The research investigates the German language learning motivations of Polish secondary school students and university students. Questionnaire data were collected from 247 students (126 from secondary school and 121 from university). The aim of this research was to examine the relationships among language attitudes, instrumental, cultural interest, integrative, L2 self and motivated learning. The results show the existence of age and gender difference in variables under consideration. Relationships were found between age and gender to the motivational attitudes: older and female students had a more integrative attitude than younger and mail students and experienced more intensive motivation.
Exploring s-e-condition and applications to some Ostrowski type inequalities via Hadamard fractional integrals
Authors: Wang JinRong , Deng JianHua , Fečkan Michal 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this paper, a new identity for Hadamard fractional integrals via differentiable mappings is established. A new concept named by s-e-condition is explored to overcome some essence difficulties from the singular kernels in Hadamard fractional integrals. With the help of the new concept s-e-condition and the obtained identity for Hadamard fractional integrals, some new Ostrowski type inequalities for Hadamard fractional integrals are obtained.
A note on the characteristic rank and related numbers
Authors: Balko Ľudovít , Korbaš Július 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This note quantifies, via a sharp inequality, an interplay between
(a)the characteristic rank of a vector bundle over a topological space X
(b)the ℤ2-Betti numbers of X, and(c)sums of the numbers of certain partitions of integers.

In a particular context, (c) is transformed into a sum of the readily calculable Betti numbers of the real Grassmann manifolds.