bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Offline Teaching Algorithm to Pass Through the Singularity for Robot Machining
Authors: Kato Daiki , Takeuchi Ayumu , Sekioka Masataka , Uchino Tomohiro , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study proposes an algorithm to change the type of inverse kinematics solution for a 6-Degrees of Freedom (DOF) manipulator to pass through the vicinity of a singularity, where the inverse kinematics solution is not determined. Some joints rotate rapidly when passing through the singularity and its vicinity. A general 6-DOF manipulator has eight different inverse kinematics solutions. The proposed algorithm suppressed the rapid rotation by changing the type of inverse kinematics solution when passing through the singularity. However, in the vicinity of the singularity, the joint rotates rapidly because of the connection between different types of discontinuous solutions. Therefore, we defined an interpolation area in the vicinity of the singularity where the rotational speed of the joint is k (0 &lt; k ≦ 1) times or more than the maximum rotational speed of the servomotor and linearly interpolated the joint angles. This algorithm generated a pitch angle error, which was used to determine whether solution type for each Tool Center Point (TCP) speed was to be changed or maintained. The algorithm was verified on a large industrial robot with a 6-DOF manipulator. The rapid rotation of joints passing through the vicinity of the singularity was suppressed depending on the TCP speed and distance from the singularity.
Real-Time Recovery From Cyberattacks on Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Mangrolia Brijesh , Cleeman Jeremy , Patel Anandkumar , Jackson Adrian , Malhotra Rajiv 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Material integrity cyberphysical attacks induce defects in parts that compromise their functionality. The socio-economic cost of monitoring-based part disposal and production stoppage necessitates rapid in-process recovery from continued defect formation. But cyberattacks can circumvent existing real-time control by introducing intermittent and a-priori unknown perturbations of exogenous process parameters. This paper presents a novel AI-based framework to address this issue and examines its capabilities for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) as an example. We demonstrate real-time recovery from inter-road defects created by attacks on endogenous and exogenous parameters, both trained- and untrained-for, with unprecedented spatial resolution.
Automated NC Program Generation for Complex Shapes With 5-Axis Indexing Machining
Authors: Matsukawa Kentaro , Nakatsuji Hidenori , Nishida Isamu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the manufacturing industry has encountered a surge in demand for high-mix, low-volume production alongside a shortage of human resources. Accordingly, there is an increasing demand for 5-axis machining centers that can efficiently and accurately machine parts and products with complex geometries. Machining three-dimensional shapes, including complex curved surfaces, typically uses simultaneous 5-axis machining. However, it is difficult for 5-axis machining to create numerically controlled (NC) programs. This study developed a system that automatically generates NC programs for machining complex shapes by 5-axis indexing using only a computer-aided design (CAD) model of the product in standard triangulated language (STL) format as input information and demonstrated the effectiveness of this system.
Production Planning Algorithm for a Pre-Cut Lumber Factory Using Metaheuristics
Authors: Tanizaki Takashi , Arino Masahide , Kataoka Takayuki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In Japan, the demand for wooden houses is increasing while the number of carpenters is decreasing. Therefore, it is necessary to improve productivity in wooden house construction. This has led to an increase in the use of the pre-cut method. The pre-cut method is a method in which raw materials (base woods) and joints are processed in advance based on the design. Compared to conventional methods, the pre-cut method has various advantages, such as reduced construction time at the construction site and improved processing accuracy. With the above background, we have been conducting to improve the efficiency of pre-cut lumber production factories to increase productivity in wooden construction. After processing, pre-cut lumber is packed according to a pre-determined packaging sequence to improve work efficiency at the building site. When pre-cut lumbers that do not match the packaging sequence are produced, they are temporarily stored in a space. To reduce space and production time in a pre-cut lumber production factory, we studied a practical production planning algorithm using metaheuristics that minimizes the maximum number of racks used with pre-cut lumber production company A and confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through numerical experiments.
Investigation of Tooth Meshing of Natural Fiber Bevel Gears Composed of Only Bamboo Fibers Extracted Using a Machining Center
Authors: Nakaya Soichiro , Tanaka Kaito , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eichi , Nobe Hiromichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The primary gears currently used are composed of metal and plastic. Therefore, new gears that can overcome the disadvantages of these two types of gears while maintaining their advantages must be developed. Sustainable and reproducible natural materials have been developed to address these environmental issues. Bamboo is abundantly found in Japan, and has a low environmental impact owing to its quick growth. Bamboo fibers have a high specific strength and stiffness, and their light weight renders them as promising materials for several applications. In a previous study, bamboo fibers were extracted with high quality and precision via end-milling using a machining center, and spur gears were successfully produced via self-adhesion using a hot-press machine. In this study, bevel gears molded using only bamboo fibers in molds were used as experimental subjects. The meshing conditions were investigated by measuring the tooth root strain and load torque during driving.
Synchronous Averaging Preprocessing of Gearbox Vibration Signals: A Comparison of Classification Performance
Authors: Javadian David , Diehl Edward , Tang Jiong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A classical method of determining the condition of a gearbox has been the analysis of vibration signals. The characteristics of a vibration signal captured from a gearbox are heavily dependent on systems parameters such as the speed profile and meshing harmonics as well as variations from a variety of sources. One means by which the influence of these parameters can be minimized is through synchronous averaging techniques. However, different synchronous averaging techniques return different signal outputs, and the ability to extract useful information regarding the condition of a gearbox thus varies as well. This research seeks to objectively compare the strengths and weaknesses of two synchronous averaging techniques with respect to gearbox condition classification performance. By using a numerical model, vibration signals from an idealized gearbox with known defects and uncertainties are generated with both a constant speed and varying speed. These signals are then processed using time-synchronous averaging and angle-frequency domain synchronous averaging, respectively, to return feature enriched signal data. Both sets of synchronously averaged data are then processed through a simple, general benchmark convolutional neural network to predict the condition of the gearbox. The classification performance and consistency returned highlights the strengths of synchronous averaging as a preprocessing step for gearbox classification.
Integrating Mediapipe Module for Learn From Demonstration on Cobots
Authors: Syed Ishaq Shahzad , Matheswaran Keerthivaasan , Li Cheryl Q. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces an innovative framework for Learn from Demonstration applied to collaborative robots, leveraging the advantages of Mediapipe, a computer vision tool in conjunction with a camera system. Given the collaborative nature, robots of this type are well-suited for human-robot interaction scenarios, and our proposed approach enhances their adaptability and learning capabilities through visual demonstration. Within the Robot Operating System environment, the collaborative robot equipped with a camera system serves as a standardized platform for control and communication. The integration of Mediapipe enhances the system’s visual perception and comprehension, empowering it with robust capabilities for Learning from Demonstration. This research extends the realm of collaborative robotics by introducing a unified framework that capitalizes on the synergies among Mediapipe, Robot Operating System, camera systems, and cobots. The proposed method shows potential for applications demanding flexible and intuitive human-robot cooperation in real-world scenarios.
The fungal natural product fusidic acid demonstrates potent activity against
Mycoplasma genitalium
Authors: Wood Gwendolyn E. , Lee Jin Woo , Peramuna Thilini , Wendt Karen L. , Kim Caroline M. , Aguila Laarni Kendra T. , Calderon Claire L. , Cichewicz Robert H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial resistance is extremely common in
Mycoplasma genitalium
, a frequent cause of urethritis in men and cervicitis, vaginitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Treatment of
M. genitalium
infections is difficult due to intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotic classes. We undertook a program to identify novel antimicrobials with activity against
M. genitalium
from fungal natural products. Extracts of
Ramularia coccinea
contained a molecule with potent activity that was subsequently identified as fusidic acid, a fusidane-type antibiotic that has been in clinical use for decades outside the United States. We found that minimum inhibitory concentrations of fusidic acid ranged from 0.31 to 4 µg/mL among 17
M
.
genitalium
strains including laboratory-passaged and low-passage clinical isolates. Time-kill data indicate that bactericidal killing occurs when
M. genitalium
is exposed to ≥10 µg/mL for 48 h, comparing favorably to serum concentrations obtained from typical loading dose regimens. Resistance to fusidic acid was associated with mutations in
fusA
consistent with the known mechanism of action in which fusidic acid inhibits protein synthesis by binding to elongation factor G. Interestingly, no mutants resistant to >10 µg/mL fusidic acid were obtained and a resistant strain containing a F435Y mutation in FusA was impaired for growth
in vitro
. These data suggest that fusidic acid may be a promising option for the treatment of
M. genitalium
infections.
Host-pathogen associations inferred from bloodmeal analyses of
Ixodes scapularis
ticks in a low biodiversity setting
Authors: Tufts Danielle M. , Goethert Heidi K. , Diuk-Wasser Maria A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Tick-borne pathogen emergence is dependent on the abundance and distribution of competent hosts in the environment.
Ixodes scapularis
ticks are generalist feeders, and their pathogen infection prevalence depends on their relative feeding on local competent and non-competent hosts. The ability to determine what host a larval life stage tick fed on can help predict infection prevalence, emergence, and spread of certain tick-borne pathogens and the risks posed to public health. Here, we use a newly developed genomic target-based technique to detect the source of larval bloodmeals by sampling questing nymphs from Block Island, RI, a small island with a depauperate mammalian community. We used previously designed specific assays to target all known hosts on this island and analyzed ticks for four human pathogenic tick-borne pathogens. We determined the highest proportion of larvae fed on avian species (42.34%), white-footed mice (36.94%), and white-tailed deer (20.72%) and occasionally fed on feral cats, rats, and voles, which are in low abundance on Block Island. Additionally, larvae that had fed on white-footed mice were significantly more likely to be infected with
Borrelia burgdorferi
and
Babesia microti,
while larvae that had fed on white-footed mice or white-tailed deer were significantly more likely to be infected with, respectively, mouse- and deer-associated genotypes of
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
. The ability to detect a nymph’s larval host allows for a better understanding of tick feeding behavior, host distribution, pathogen prevalence, and zoonotic risks to humans, which can contribute to better tick management strategies.

IMPORTANCE

Tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis, pose significant public health burdens. Tick bloodmeal analysis provides a noninvasive sampling method to evaluate tick-host associations and combined with a zoonotic pathogen assay, can generate crucial insights into the epidemiology and transmission of tick-borne diseases by identifying potential key maintenance hosts. We investigated the bloodmeals of questing
Ixodes scapularis
nymphs. We found that avian hosts, white-footed mice, and white-tailed deer fed the majority of larval ticks and differentially contributed to the prevalence of multiple tick-borne pathogens and pathogen genotypes in a low biodiversity island setting. Unraveling the intricate network of host-vector-pathogen interactions will contribute to improving wildlife management and conservation efforts, to developing targeted surveillance, and vector and host control efforts, ultimately reducing the incidence of tick-borne diseases and improving public health.
Regulation of the cell surface expression of classical and non-classical MHC proteins by the human cytomegalovirus UL40 and rhesus cytomegalovirus Rh67 proteins
Authors: Brackenridge Simon , John Nessy , He Wanlin , Früh Klaus , Borrow Persephone , McMichael Andrew 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The signal sequences of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL40 protein and its rhesus CMV (RhCMV) counterpart, Rh67, contain a peptide (VMAPRT[L/V][F/I/L/V]L, VL9) that is presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen E (MHC-E). The CMV VL9 peptides replace VL9 peptides derived from classical MHC (Ia) signal sequences, which are lost when CMV disrupts antigen processing and presentation and MHC Ia expression. This allows infected cells to maintain MHC-E surface expression and escape killing by Natural Killer cells. We demonstrate that processing of the Rh67 VL9 peptide mirrors that of UL40, despite the lack of sequence conservation between the two proteins. Processing of both VL9 peptides is dependent on cleavage of their signal sequences by the host protease signal peptide peptidase. As previously shown for UL40, up-regulation of MHC-E expression by Rh67 requires only its signal sequence, with sequences upstream of VL9 critical for conferring independence from TAP, the transporter associated with antigen processing. Our results also suggest that the mature UL40 and Rh67 proteins contribute to CMV immune evasion by decreasing surface expression of MHC Ia. Unexpectedly, while the Rh67 VL9 peptide is resistant to the effects of Rh67, UL40 can partially counteract the up-regulation of MHC-E expression mediated by its own VL9 peptide. This suggests differences in the mechanisms by which the two VL9 peptides up-regulate MHC-E, and further work will be required to determine if any such differences have implications for translating a RhCMV-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine to HIV-1 using human CMV as a vector.

IMPORTANCE
The protective immune response induced by a rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV)-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine in rhesus macaques depends on the presence of the viral Rh67 gene in the vaccine. The Rh67 protein contains a peptide that allows the RhCMV-infected cells to maintain expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen E at the cell surface. We show that production of this peptide, referred to as “VL9,” mirrors that of the equivalent peptide present in the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) protein UL40, despite the little sequence similarity between the two CMV proteins. We also show that the mature UL40 and Rh67 proteins, which have no previously described function, also contribute to CMV immune evasion by reducing cell surface expression of MHC proteins important for the immune system to detect infected cells. Despite these similarities, our work also reveals possible differences between Rh67 and UL40, and these may have implications for the use of human CMV as the vector for a potential HIV-1 vaccine.
Draft genome of the caprolactam-degrading
Paenarthrobacter
sp. CAP02 isolated from a landfill
Authors: Rivera-Kohr David A. , Rodriguez-Ramos Damayanti , Tanner Lewis , Vo Phuong , Thalpur Neha A. , Nielsen-Fox Hans C. , Shatara Fuad J. , Bingman Craig A. , Hou Liyuan , Fox Brian G. , Majumder Erica L.-W. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Paenarthrobacter
sp. CAP02, which metabolizes caprolactam as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. This bacterium was isolated from Dane County Landfill Site No. 2 in Madison, WI, USA.
Supplemental Material: Early Cretaceous stress field variations and relationship to intraplate magmatism in the New England portion of the eastern North American margin
Authors: Boemmels J.R. Cooper , al. et 
Published: August 2024

<p>Text S1: Geochemical analysis methodology. Figures S1–S5: Field photographs with captions. Table S1: Geochemical analyses. Table S2: Fault-slip data. </p>
Augmented Cortisol and Antiglucocorticoid Therapy in Mood Disorders: the Hippocampus as a Potential Drug Target
Authors: Gulyaeva N. V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The pathophysiology of many mood disorders is closely related
to abnormal stress response associated with the dysfunction of the
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and cortisol overproduction. The
hippocampus, a key structure of the limbic system responsible for
both cognitive and emotional spheres, is selectively vulnerable
to excess of glucocorticoids (GCs) inducing neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
The antiGC therapy of psychiatric diseases, in particular depressive
disorders, may be a useful additional treatment. Among other approaches,
targeting glucocorticoid receptors, abounded in the hippocampus,
is regarded as highly promising. However, though the preclinical
data provide fairly firm evidence to the concept of antiGC therapy
for stress-related diseases, clinical studies still are at the proof-of-concept
stage. Noteworthy, chronic GC excess is associated not only with
mood diseases, but also with cognitive decline, metabolic disorders,
diabetes. Potentially, antiGC (HPA axis modifying) therapy may alleviate
affective symptoms, cognitive disturbances, GC and insulin resistance
and adverse side effects of conventional drugs through beneficial
effects on the hippocampus mitigating its dysfunction and neurodegeneration,
neuroinflammation, and impairment of neurogenesis. Since stress/GC-associated
neuroinflammation-mediated pathology of the limbic system and, specifically,
the hippocampus, is a general feature typical for many brain diseases,
the concept of antiGC therapy may be extended, tested and validated
in a wider spectrum of cerebral pathologies.
Relationship between continuity of primary care and hospitalisation for patients with COPD: population-based cohort study from South Korea
Authors: Lee Iyn-Hyang , Choo Eunjung , Kim Sejung , Je Nam Kyung , Jo Ae Jeong , Jang Eun Jin 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe existing evidence for the impacts of continuity of care (COC) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is low to moderate. This study aimed to investigate the associations between relational COC within primary care and COPD-related hospitalisations using a robust methodology.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingNational Health Insurance Service database, South Korea.Participants92 977 adults (≥40 years) with COPD newly diagnosed between 2015 and 2016 were included. The propensity score (PS) matching approach was used. PSs were calculated from a multivariable logistic regression that included eight baseline characteristics.ExposureCOC within primary care.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of COPD-related hospitalisations. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs.ResultsOut of 92 977 patients, 66 677 of whom were cared for continuously by primary doctors (the continuity group), while 26 300 were not (the non-continuity group). During a 4-year follow-up period, 2094 patients (2.25%) were hospitalised; 874 (1.31%) from the continuity group and 1220 (4.64%) from the non-continuity group. After adjusting for confounding covariates, patients in the non-continuity group exhibited a significantly higher risk of hospital admission (adjusted HR (aHR) 2.43 (95% CI 2.22 to 2.66)). This risk was marginally reduced to 2.21 (95% CI 1.99 to 2.46) after PS matching. The risk of emergency department (ED) visits, systemic corticosteroid use and costs were higher for patients in the non-continuity group (aHR 2.32 (95% CI 2.04 to 2.63), adjusted OR 1.25 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.31) and expβ=1.89 (95% CI 1.82 to 1.97), respectively). These findings remained consistent across the PS-matched cohort, as well as in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ConclusionsIn patients with COPD aged over 40, increased continuity of primary care was found to be associated with less hospitalisation, fewer ED visits and lower healthcare expenditure.
Local anaesthesia for pain control in surgical abortion before 14 weeks of pregnancy: a systematic review
Authors: Renner Regina , Ennis Madeleine , McKercher Adrienne , Henderson Jillian T , Edelman Alison 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAbortions are common and associated with procedural pain. We aimed to evaluate benefits and harms of local anaesthesia given for pain control during surgical abortion at less than 14 weeks' gestation.MethodsWe searched a systematic review on local anaesthesia for pain control for surgical abortion at less than 14 weeks' gestation using uterine aspiration. We searched multiple databases through December 2022. We evaluated study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) instrument and assessed the certainty of evidence using GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Outcomes included intraoperative pain (with dilation, aspiration or procedure), patient satisfaction and adverse events.ResultsThirteen studies with 1992 participants met the inclusion criteria and the majority were judged as low risk of bias. Intervention protocols were heterogeneous, limiting meta-analysis. A 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block (PCB) reduced pain with dilation compared with sham PCB (mean difference (MD) −37.00, 95% CI −45.64 to −28.36) and aspiration (MD −26.00, 95% CI −33.48 to −18.52; 1 randomised controlled trial (RCT), n=120; high-certainty evidence). A PCB with 14 mL 1% chloroprocaine was associated with a slight reduction in pain during aspiration compared with normal saline PCB injected at two or four sites (MD −1.50, 95% CI −2.45 to −0.55; 1 RCT, n=79; high-certainty evidence). Other RCTs compared a range of local anaesthetic types, PCB techniques and topical anaesthetics. Participants reported moderately high satisfaction with any type of pain control and studies reported few adverse events that were rarely medication-related.ConclusionRCT evidence supports PCB efficacy but was inconsistent and of low certainty for topical anaesthesia.