bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the bioaccumulation potential of a nonchlorinated bisphenol and an ionogenic xanthene dye to Eisenia andrei in field-collected soils, in conjunction with predictive in silico profiling
Authors: Princz Juliska , Bonnell Mark , Ritchie Ellyn , Velicogna Jessica , Robidoux Pierre-Yves , Scroggins Rick 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

In silico–based model predictions, originating from structural and mechanistic (e.g., transport, bioavailability, reactivity, and binding potential) profiling, were compared against laboratory-derived data to estimate the bioaccumulation potential in earthworms of 2 organic substances (1 neutral, 1 ionogenic) known to primarily partition to soil. Two compounds representative of specific classes of chemicals were evaluated: a nonchlorinated bisphenol containing an –OH group (4,4′-methylenebis[2,6-di-tert-butylphenol] [Binox]), and an ionogenic xanthene dye (2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3′,6′-dihydroxy-, disodium salt [Phloxine B]). Soil bioaccumulation studies were conducted using Eisenia andrei and 2 field-collected soils (a clay loam and a sandy soil). In general, the in silico structural and mechanistic profiling was consistent with the observed soil bioaccumulation tests. Binox did not bioaccumulate to a significant extent in E. andrei in either soil type; however, Phloxine B not only accumulated within tissue, but was not depurated from the earthworms during the course of the elimination phase. Structural and mechanistic profiling demonstrated the binding and reactivity potential of Phloxine B; this would not be accounted for using traditional bioaccumulation metrics, which are founded on passive-based diffusion mechanisms. This illustrates the importance of profiling for reactive ionogenic substances; even limited bioavailability combined with reactivity can result in exposures to a hazardous substance not predictable by traditional in silico modeling methods. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:308–316. © 2013 SETAC
The peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonist pioglitazone protects against cisplatin‐induced renal damage in mice
Authors: Jesse Cristiano R. , Bortolatto Cristiani F. , Wilhelm Ethel A. , Roman Silvane Souza , Prigol Marina , Nogueira Cristina W. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) agonists not only improve metabolic abnormalities of diabetes and consequent diabetic nephropathy, but they also protect against non‐diabetic kidney disease in experimental models. Here, we investigated the effect of PPAR‐γ agonist pioglitazone against acute renal injury on a cisplatin model in mice. Nephrotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of cisplatin (10 mg kg–1). Pioglitazone was administered for six consecutive days in doses of 15 or 30 mg kg–1 day–1, per os (p.o.), starting 3 days before cisplatin injection. Cisplatin treatment to mice induced a marked renal failure, characterized by a significant increase in serum urea and creatinine levels and alterations in renal tissue architecture. Cisplatin exposure induced oxidative stress as indicated by decreased levels of non‐enzymatic antioxidant defenses [glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid levels] and components of the enzymatic antioxidant defenses [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and and glutathione S‐transferase(GST) activities)] in renal tissue. Administration of pioglitazone markedly protected against the increase in urea and creatinine levels and histological alterations in kidney induced by cisplatin treatment. Pioglitazone administration ameliorated GSH and ascorbic acid levels decreased by cisplatin exposure in mice. Pioglitazone protected against the inhibition of CAT, SOD, GPx, GR and GST activities induced by cisplatin in the kidneys of mice. These results indicated that pioglitazone has a protective effect against cisplatin‐induced renal damage in mice. The protection is mediated by preventing the decline of antioxidant status. The results have implications in use of PPAR‐γ agonists in human application for protecting against drugs‐induced nephrotoxicity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atypical RNAs in the coelacanth transcriptome
Authors: Nitsche Anne , Doose Gero , Tafer Hakim , Robinson Mark , Saha Nil Ratan , Gerdol Marco , Canapa Adriana , Hoffmann Steve , Amemiya Chris T. , Stadler Peter F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCircular and apparently trans‐spliced RNAs have recently been reported as abundant types of transcripts in mammalian transcriptome data. Both types of non‐colinear RNAs are also abundant in RNA‐seq of different tissue from both the African and the Indonesian coelacanth. We observe more than 8,000 lincRNAs with normal gene structure and several thousands of circularized and trans‐spliced products, showing that such atypical RNAs form a substantial contribution to the transcriptome. Surprisingly, the majority of the circularizing and trans‐connecting splice junctions are unique to atypical forms, that is, are not used in normal isoforms. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 342–351, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional implant position and orientation after total knee replacement performed with patient‐specific instrumentation systems
Authors: Cenni Francesco , Timoncini Antonio , Ensini Andrea , Tamarri Silvia , Belvedere Claudio , D'Angeli Valentina , Giannini Sandro , Leardini Alberto 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTPatient‐specific instrumentation systems are entering into clinical practice in total knee replacement, but validation tests have yet to determine the accuracy of replicating computer‐based plans during surgery. We performed a fluoroscopic analysis to assess the final implant location with respect to the corresponding preoperative plan. Forty‐four patients were analyzed after using a patient‐specific system based on CT and MRI. Computer aided design implant models and models of the femur and tibia bone portions, as for the preoperative plans, were provided by the manufacturers. Two orthogonal fluoroscopic images of each knee were taken after surgery for pseudo‐biplane imaging; 3D component locations with respect to the corresponding bones were estimated by a shape‐matching technique. Assuming that the corresponding values at the preoperative plan were equal to zero, discrepancies were taken as an indication of accuracy for the systems. A repeatability test revealed that the technique was reliable within 1 mm and 1°. The maximum discrepancies for all the patients for the femoral component were 5.9 mm in a proximo‐distal direction and 4.2° in flexion. Good matching was found between final implantations and preoperative plans with mean discrepancies smaller than 3.1 mm and 1.9°. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:331–337, 2014.
Soil phosphorus fractions after seven decades of fertilizer application in the Rengen Grassland Experiment
Authors: Pätzold Stefan , Hejcman Michal , Barej Julia , Schellberg Jürgen 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDeclining global P reserves require a better understanding of P cycling in soil and related plant uptake. On managed grasslands, application of lime and fertilizer affects not only soil nutrient status, but also plant‐species composition of the sward. We examined the P fractionation in the Rengen Grassland Experiment (RGE) on a naturally acid Stagnic Cambisol in the Eifel Mts. (Germany) 69 y after the setup of the experiment. A modified sequential Hedley fractionation was carried out for samples from 30 plots at 0–10 cm depth. Application of inorganic phosphorus fertilizer had diverse effects on inorganic (Pi) and organic P (Po) fractions. Resin‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Pi, NaHCO3‐Po, NaOH‐Pi, HCldil‐Pi, HClconc‐Pi, and HClconc‐Po contents increased, while NaOH‐Po significantly decreased and residual‐P remained unaffected. Strongest enrichment occurred in the HCldil‐Pi fraction, probably due to the chemical nature of the basic Thomas slag applied as P fertilizer. Without P fertilization, all fractions except residual‐P were more or less depleted. Strong P limitation of the vegetation in the limed treatments without P led to lowered contents also for NaOH‐Pi and NaOH‐Po. However, NaOH‐Po was largest in the Control and even exceeded the respective content in the treatments with P. It remained unclear why species adapted to a low soil P status did not access this P fraction though being P‐limited. Published theory on the availability of Hedley P fractions does neither match P exploitation nor P nutritional status of the vegetation in the RGE. Regarding NaOH‐Po as stable and HCldil‐Pi as moderately labile led to a more realistic evaluation of plant P uptake. Evaluation of P availability on the basis of chemical extractions alone is questionable for conditions like in the RGE. On long‐term grassland, plant‐species composition has to be taken into account to estimate access of plants to soil P.
Metabolomic responses in grain, ear, and straw of winter wheat under increasing sulfur treatment
Authors: Zörb Christian , Mühling Karl Hermann , Hasler Mario , Gödde Victoria , Niehaus Karsten , Becker Dirk , Geilfus Christoph‐Martin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOnly little is known about the effect of a varying sulfur (S) nutrition on the pattern of metabolites in different organs of the ears of winter wheat (Tritcum aestivum L.) at final maturity. More insights into the metabolome as influenced by increasing S‐fertilizer rates would, however, be of particular interest in order to unravel S‐dependent physiological processes related to grain filling in wheat. We have therefore investigated the effects of varying sulfur nutrition on metabolite composition and distribution in the organs of the wheat ear and vegetative organs at final maturity. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–based metabolite profiles revealed that S deficiency decreased the bulk of metabolites in the straw in favor of an increasing metabolite concentration in the husk, rachis, and grains. Surprisingly, only four out of 109 detectable metabolites, namely N‐acetyl glucosamine, lysine, ferulic acid, and β‐aminoisobutyric acid were most responsible for organ‐specific differences in the metabolite profiles. Under S‐deficient conditions, N‐acetyl‐glucosamine, lysine, and β‐aminoisobutyric were increasingly transferred from source tissues into the ears and grains.
Iron availability thresholds for the inoculation of cucumber with Trichoderma asperellum T34
Authors: García‐López Ana María , Avilés Manuel , Delgado Antonio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractInoculation with biocontrol agents can affect iron (Fe) uptake by plants. The objective of this research was to study the necessity of defining a Fe threshold in growth media for the inoculation with the biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum T34. A completely randomized experiment with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was performed involving two factors: Fe rate in the growth medium in the form of ferrihydrite (0, 8, 16, 32.5, and 75 mg kg–1 of citrate‐ascorbate‐extractable Fe (CA‐Fe), and plant inoculation with T34. Dry matter (DM) of aerial parts of cucumber was decreased by T34. This was related to a decreased accumulation of Fe in plants, more in aerial parts than in roots. However, at the highest Fe rate (75 mg kg–1), differences in DM yield, plant height, and the content and concentration of Fe in shoots between inoculated and noninoculated plants were not significant. The threshold of CA‐Fe in the medium for DM yield of cucumber was 37 mg kg–1 without T34. With T34, this threshold was 65 mg kg–1, which implies that, below this limit, additional Fe supply is required for inoculation with T34.
Post‐Assembly of Oxidation‐Responsive Amphiphilic Triblock Polymer Containing a Single Diselenide
Authors: Sun Tongbing , Jin Yong , Qi Rui , Peng Shaojun , Fan Baozhu 
Published: October 2013

Linear amphiphilic triblock polymers containing a single diselenide (SeSe‐tri‐ABP) are synthesized by coupling reactions. They self‐assemble into spherical micelles 1 in aqueous solution. A remarkable morphology transformation of the micelles is confirmed through dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The release behavior of a model molecule, Rhodamine B (RB), is studied by UV–vis spectrophotometry. It is found that post‐assembly from micelles 1 to micelles 2 is induced by the oxidation‐responsive cleavage of the diselenide group in the oxidation solution. Interestingly, the RB release studies reveal that these micelles release RB in a diphasic pattern (slow after initial fast release) within 24 h under an oxidative environment. In contrast, minimal drug release (<20%) is observed within 24 h for SeSe‐tri‐ABP micelles under aqueous conditions. Meanwhile, this release behavior of the RB‐loaded micelles can be tuned by the post‐assembly of oxidation‐responsive SeSe‐tri‐ABP in different oxidation conditions, providing a promising platform for controlled delivery of nanocarriers.
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Intra‐Chain Photodimerization of Pendant Anthracene Units as an Efficient Route to Single‐Chain Nanoparticle Fabrication
Authors: Frank Peter G. , Tuten Bryan T. , Prasher Alka , Chao Danming , Berda Erik B. 
Published: October 2013

An efficient route to architecturally defined, sub‐20 nm soft nanoparticles fabricated from single polymer chains via intramolecular photodimerization of pendant anthracene units is presented. Photodimerization is confirmed by the disappearance of the characteristic anthracene π−π* absorption peak at ≈360 nm measured by UV–vis spectroscopy. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with UV, multi‐angle light scattering (MALS), and viscometric detection confirms that as photodimers form, the chains fold to form nanoparticles, demonstrated by shifts in the SEC traces to longer retention times as a function of increased irradiation time. These shifts indicate a reduction in hydrodynamic radius, corroborated and quantified by viscometric data. MALS detector traces reveal the presence of a small amount of chain–chain coupling during this process, but confirm that this is primarily a single‐chain phenomenon. Electron microscopy provides visual confirmation of nanoparticle formation.
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Fabrication of Water Repellent Coatings Using Waterborne Resins for the Protection of the Cultural Heritage
Authors: Chatzigrigoriou Aikaterini , Manoudis Panagiotis N. , Karapanagiotis Ioannis 
Published: October 2013

SummarySilica nanoparticles are dispersed in aqueous solutions of silanes and siloxanes. The dispersions are deposited, by brush, on various materials which have been used in objects of the cultural heritage such as marble, sandstone, mortar, wood, cotton and ceramic. The effect of the particle concentration on the wettability of the surfaces of the composite (siloxane‐silica) films is studied. It is shown that superhydrophobicity and water repellency are achieved when high concentrations of nanoparticles are used for the production of the composite films. This result is explained with SEM images which reveal the surface morphologies of the films. Colorimetry and XRF are employed to evaluate the efficiency of the composite films to be used for the protection of cultural heritage objects.
Designing Issues in Polymer Foaming with Supercritical Fluids
Authors: Tsivintzelis Ioannis , Panayiotou Costas 
Published: October 2013

SummaryVarious foaming routes were used in order to produce poly(methyl methacrylate) porous structures. The focus was, primarily, on the temperature‐induced phase separation method and the effect of foaming temperature was, first, investigated. It was observed that the pore size decreases with increase of foaming temperature up to the glass transition region, where the softening of the polymer matrix results in the increase of the average pore diameter with further increase of the foaming temperature. Subsequently, different porous structures were obtained using identical initial and final conditions, but varying the foaming route. The role of the intermediate foaming steps (which define the foaming route) on the final porous structure is discussed.
Polymerization Kinetics and Thermal Degradation of Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacylate) / Organo‐Modified Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by In Situ Bulk Polymerization
Authors: Siafaka Panoraia , Achilias Dimitris S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPoly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) based nanocomposites with nano‐clay were prepared using the in situ bulk radical polymerization technique. XRD analysis revealed mainly intercalated and partially exfoliated structures. Polymerization kinetics was investigated with DSC and found that the presence of small amount of nanofiller could slightly affect polymerization rate and monomer conversion. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites is enhanced according to the presence of nanoclay.
Kinetics Study of Curing by FT‐IR and Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis of the Glass‐Conservation Epoxy Resin HXTAL‐NYL‐1
Authors: Tsagkalias I.S. , Vouvoudi E.C. , Sideridou I.D. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis work has focused on the study of a commercially‐available epoxy resin manufactured especially for glass conservation and treatment, HXTAL‐NYL‐1. It has been produced for this purpose and remains crystal clear over time and exposure to direct light. Through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR) the degree of conversion (% DC) versus time can be determined following the 910cm−1 peak which corresponds to the oxirane bond and eliminates by time passing. Area calculations for both diminishing and standard peaks used as references help us to evaluate the % DC. This kinetics study revealed strong dependence of % DC on polymerization temperature. Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA) is a widely used technique when cross‐linked polymeric materials require characterization. Information such as elastic modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), tangent delta (tanδ = E″/E′) and Tg are basic properties for future applications of the material. The oscillation occurs in a temperature range, starting with an elastic behavior of the sample and ending to a viscous one. Tanδ curves of the studied resin yield narrow peaks, indicating the rather uniform structure of the polymeric network. The Tg values do not vary significantly with hardening temperatures.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Polymer/Graphene Nanocomposites
Authors: Rissanou Anastassia N. , Harmandaris Vagelis 
Published: October 2013

SummaryGraphene based polymer nanocomposites are hybrid materials with a very broad range of technological applications. In this work, we study three hybrid polymer/graphene interfacial systems (polystyrene/graphene, poly(methyl methacrylate)/graphene and polyethylene/graphene) through detailed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Density profiles, structural characteristics and mobility aspects are being examined at the molecular level for all model systems. In addition, we compare the properties of the hybrid systems to the properties of the corresponding bulk ones, as well as to theoretical predictions.
Renal cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products are altered in polycystic kidneys and by dietary soy protein and fish oil treatment in the Han:SPRD‐Cy rat
Authors: Ibrahim Naser H. M. , Jia Yong , Devassy Jessay G. , Yamaguchi Tamio , Aukema Harold M. 
Published: October 2013

ScopeDietary fish oil (FO) and soy protein (SP) are two interventions that slow disease progression in the Han:SPRD‐Cy rat model of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐derived eicosanoids also reduces disease progression, but the role of lipoxygenase (LOX) products in this disease is not known.Methods and resultsSince dietary FO and SP have been shown to alter eicosanoid formation via differing mechanisms, Han:SPRD‐Cy rats were given diets containing either casein protein (CP) or SP, and soy oil (SO) or FO. Analysis of eicosanoids revealed that renal COX products were higher and LOX products were lower in diseased kidneys. SP feeding resulted in lower COX products, activity and COX1 protein and higher LOX products in the diseased kidneys in parallel with reduced renal cyst growth and fibrosis. By comparison, FO reduced both COX and LOX products produced from n‐6 fatty acids and increased 3‐series prostanoids in both normal and diseased cortex and medulla, but these differences did not parallel effects on disease.ConclusionRenal COX‐derived eicosanoids are elevated and LOX products are reduced in this model of kidney disease. The effects of dietary SP, but not FO, on renal eicosanoids parallel the effects on disease.
The metabolism of methylsulfinylalkyl‐ and methylthioalkyl‐glucosinolates by a selection of human gut bacteria
Authors: Luang‐In Vijitra , Narbad Arjan , Nueno‐Palop Carmen , Mithen Richard , Bennett Mark , Rossiter John T. 
Published: October 2013

ScopeCertain myrosinase‐positive human gut bacteria can metabolize glucosinolates (GSLs) to produce isothiocyanates (ITC) as chemopreventive agents. We investigated glucoerucin, glucoiberin, and glucoraphanin (present in broccoli) metabolism by human gut strains.Methods and resultsAll tested bacteria metabolized glucoerucin to completion within 16 h to erucin and erucin nitrile (NIT). Lactobacillus agilis R16 metabolized only 10% of glucoiberin and glucoraphanin with no detectable products. Enterococcus casseliflavus CP1, however, metabolized 40–50% of glucoiberin and glucoraphanin producing relatively low concentrations of iberin and sulforaphane. Interestingly, Escherichia coli VL8 metabolized 80–90% of glucoiberin and glucoraphanin and also bioconverted glucoraphanin and glucoiberin to glucoerucin and glucoiberverin, respectively, producing erucin, erucin NIT, iberverin, and iberverin NIT from the two GSLs. The putative reductase enzyme in the cell‐free extracts of this bacterium required both Mg2+ and NAD(P)H as cofactors for bioconversion. The cell‐free extract of E. coli VL8 containing the reductase enzyme was able to reduce both the GSL glucoraphanin and its hydrolysis product sulforaphane to glucoerucin and erucin/erucin NIT, respectively.ConclusionThe composition and metabolic activity of the human gut bacteria can indirectly impact on the potential chemopreventive effects of GSL‐derived metabolites.
Self‐image in adolescents with deliberate self‐harm behavior
Authors: Andersson Maria J. E. , Tannå Hanna , Nordin Steven 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis of a positive relation between deliberate self‐harm and poor self‐image in adolescents and investigated the relation between substance abuse (drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol) and deliberate self‐harm. One‐hundred thirteen high‐school students, aged predominantly 16–18 years, responded to the 16‐item version of the Deliberate Self‐Harm Inventory, the 36‐item Structural Analysis of Social Behavior, and single questions about use of drugs, cigarettes, and alcohol. The results showed a positive relation between deliberate self‐harm and poor self‐image, and between deliberate self‐harm and cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. These results imply that poor self‐image and a large extent of substance use may be markers for identifying adolescents at risk for deliberate self‐harm.