bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanospheres, Nanotubes, Toroids, and Gels with Controlled Macroscopic Chirality
Authors: Arias Sandra , Freire Félix , Quiñoá Emilio , Riguera Ricardo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interaction of a highly dynamic poly(aryl acetylene) (poly‐1) with Li+, Na+, and Ag+ leads to macroscopically chiral supramolecular nanospheres, nanotubes, toroids, and gels. With Ag+, nanospheres with M helicity and tunable sizes are generated, which complement those obtained from the same polymer with divalent cations. With Li+ or Na+, poly‐1 yields chiral nanotubes, gels, or toroids with encapsulating properties and M helicity. Right‐handed supramolecular structures can be obtained by using the enantiomeric polymer. The interaction of poly‐1 with Na+ produces nanostructures whose helicity is highly dependent on the solvation state of the cation. Therefore, structures with either of the two helicities can be prepared from the same polymer by manipulation of the cosolvent. Such chiral nanotubes, toroids, and gels have previously not been obtained from helical polymer–metal complexes. Chiral nanospheres made of poly(aryl acetylene) that were previously assembled with metal(II) species can now be obtained with metal(I) species.
Radical CH Functionalization of Heteroarenes under Electrochemical Control
Authors: O'Brien Alexander G. , Maruyama Akinobu , Inokuma Yasuhide , Fujita Makoto , Baran Phil S. , Blackmond Donna G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectrochemical reactions are shown to be effective for the CH functionalization of a number of heterocyclic substrates that are recalcitrant to conventional peroxide radical initiation conditions. Monitoring reaction progress under electrochemical conditions provides mechanistic insight into the CH functionalization of a series of heterocycles of interest in medicinal chemistry.
Functionalized cellulose‐supported triphenylphosphine and its application in Suzuki cross‐coupling reactions
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Xu Yanjun , Wang Fang , Wei Yuping 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA new heterogeneous cellulose tagged triphenylphosphine (Cell‐OPPh3) was synthesized and subsequently coordinated with Pd(OAc)2 to form a cellulose‐supported triphenylphosphine palladium complex (Cell‐OPPh3‐Pd). Cell‐OPPh3 and the corresponding palladium complex were fully characterized by TGA, SEM, TEM, and NMR analysis. Results of catalytic activity experiments indicate that the Cell‐OPPh3‐Pd complex can efficiently catalyze Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of aryl halides with arylboronic acids at mild reaction conditions. The coupling products can be obtained in good to excellent yields (up to 98%). The work‐up procedure is simple and the catalyst could be easily recovered by filtration, and then reused in next run. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41427.
Expanding the mutational spectrum associated to neural tube defects: Literature revision and description of novel VANGL1 mutations
Authors: Merello E. , Mascelli S. , Raso A. , Piatelli G. , Consales A. , Cama A. , Kibar Z. , Capra V. , Marco Patrizia De 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundNeural Tube Defects (NTD) are a common class of birth defects that occur in approximately 1 in 1000 live births. Both genetic and nongenetic factors are involved in the etiology of NTD. Planar cell polarity (PCP) genes plays a critical role in neural tube closure in model organisms.Studies in humans have identified nonsynonymous mutations in PCP pathway genes, including the VANGL genes, that may play a role as risk factors for NTD.MethodsHere, we present the results of VANGL1 and VANGL2 mutational screening in a series of 53 NTD patients and 27 couples with a previous NTD affected pregnancy.ResultsWe identified three heterozygous missense variants in VANGL1, p.Ala187Val, p.Asp389His, and p.Arg517His, that are absent in controls and predicted to be detrimental on the protein function and, thus, we expanded the mutational spectrum of VANGL1 in NTD cases. We did not identify any new variants having an evident pathogenic effect on protein function in VANGL2. Moreover, we reviewed all the rare nonsynonymous or synonymous variants of VANGL1 and VANGL2 found in patients and controls so far published and re‐evaluated them for their pathogenic role by in silico prediction tools. Association tests were performed to demonstrate the enrichment of deleterious variants in reviewed cases versus controls from Exome Variant Server (EVS).ConclusionWe showed a significant (p = 7.0E‐5) association between VANGL1 rare genetic variants, especially missense mutations, and NTDs risk. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:51–61, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone mineral density and expression of vitamin D receptor-dependent calcium uptake mechanisms in the proximal small intestine after bariatric surgery
Authors: Elias E , Casselbrant A , Werling M , Abegg K , Vincent R P , Alaghband-Zadeh J , Olbers T , le Roux C W , Fändriks L , Wallenius V 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may lead to impaired calcium uptake. Therefore, operation-specific effects of gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty on bone mineral density (BMD) were examined in a randomized clinical trial. Bone resorption markers and mechanisms of decreased calcium uptake after gastric bypass were investigated using blood and endoscopic samples from two additional patient cohorts.

Methods
Total BMD and non-weight-bearing skull BMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, and 1 and 6 years after gastric bypass or vertical banded gastroplasty in patients who were not receiving calcium supplements. Bone resorption markers in serum and calcium uptake mechanisms in jejunal mucosa biopsies were analysed after gastric bypass by proteomics including radioimmunoassay, gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

Results
One year after surgery, weight loss was similar after gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty. There was a moderate decrease in skull BMD after gastric bypass, but not after vertical banded gastroplasty (P &lt; 0·001). Between 1 and 6 years after gastric bypass, skull BMD and total BMD continued to decrease (P = 0·001). C-terminal telopeptide levels in serum had increased twofold by 18 months after gastric bypass. Proteomic analysis of the jejunal mucosa revealed decreased levels of heat-shock protein 90β, a co-activator of the vitamin D receptor, after gastric bypass. Despite increased vitamin D receptor levels, expression of the vitamin D receptor-regulated calcium transporter protein TRPV6 decreased.

Conclusion
BMD decreases independently of weight after gastric bypass. Bone loss might be attributed to impaired calcium absorption caused by decreased activation of vitamin D-dependent calcium absorption mechanisms mediated by heat-shock protein 90β and TRPV6.
High‐Affinity Carbohydrate Binding by Trimeric Benzoboroxoles Measured on Carbohydrate Arrays
Authors: Claes Dorith , Memmel Elisabeth , Holzapfel Malte , Seibel Jürgen , Maison Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCarbohydrates are involved in a wide range of biological processes of pharmaceutical relevance. The selective recognition of carbohydrates is therefore of great interest in biology and medicine. In this study we present the synthesis of fluorescent multimeric benzoboroxoles and the analysis of multivalent binding processes to immobilized carbohydrate arrays by fluorescence spectroscopy. We observed high binding affinities of trimeric benzoboroxoles by determination ofKDsurfvalues for their interaction with α‐Gal on glass chips. The observedKDsurfvalues were in the mid‐nMrange (49 and 104 nM) and are comparable to theKDsurfvalues for binding of natural lectins, such as that of ConA to immobilized α‐Man (79 nM). The array technology was found to be an excellent tool for studying the binding processes of multivalent lectin mimetics with respect to profiling and quantitation.
Above and below knee femoropopliteal VIABAHN®
Authors: Shackles Christopher , Rundback John H. , Herman Kevin , David Yitzchak , Barkarma Ravit 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the clinical outcomes of VIABAHN® stent grafts deployed across the knee to those deployed above the knee.BackgroundThe placement of stent‐grafts across the knee joint and extending into the distal popliteal artery has been avoided due to a perceived higher risk of stent fractures, restenosis, and thrombosis due to the unique hemodynamic forces in this region.MethodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted of 114 patients in 127 limbs. Patients were divided into two groups based on the location of the distal end of the deployed VIABAHN® stent: above knee (AK) (n = 89) in which the VIABAHN® implant ended at or above the femoral condyles and below the knee (BK) (n = 38) with extension of the graft into the below knee popliteal segment. Study end points were loss of primary, assisted, and secondary patency.ResultsOne year primary, assisted, and secondary patency rates in the AK versus BK group were 67.7% vs. 47.2% (P = 0.0092), 77.1% vs. 53.7% (P = 0.0022), and 86.3% vs. 59.8% (P = 0.0035), respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated an increased relative risk of a primary [RR = 2.07 (P = 0.001)], assisted [RR = 2.34 (P = 0.002)], or secondary events [RR = 2.98 (P = 0.002)] in patients when the stent was placed below the femoral condyles. Major amputations occurred in 10% of AK and 34% of BK patients (P = 0.002).ConclusionsVIABAHN® stent grafts have a significantly lower clinical patency and higher rates of amputation when they extend across the knee joint. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐Speed Camera‐Based Analysis of the Lithium Ceramic Pebble Fabrication Process
Authors: Waibel Patrick , Matthes Jörg , Leys Oliver , Kolb Matthias , Keller Hubert B. , Knitter Regina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractLithium ceramic pebbles are a main component of the tritium breeding blanket in a future thermonuclear fusion plant. The melt‐based fabrication of the pebbles using the Plateau–Rayleigh instability emerged to be a promising approach in past investigations. However, the influence of process parameter variations on the pebble fabrication process is not yet well understood. Here, a new high‐speed camera‐based method to analyze the melt jet and the droplets directly in their formation phase is presented. Via special image processing algorithms, various individual properties such as dynamic changes, velocities, or agglomerations of the droplets are extracted. This new high‐speed camera‐based method provides additional information on the process state during the fabrication process. It is therefore an essential part in adapting and improving process parameters with respect to an overall enhanced product quality.
Abiotic Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts Used in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Wang Zejie , Cao Changli , Zheng Yue , Chen Shuiliang , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) are environmentally friendly technology capable of extracting electrical energy from organic contaminants in wastewaters. The cathodic reaction limits the performance of MFCs. An oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is generally used for the oxygen cathode to reduce the overpotential and obtain more energy. Through surveying abiotic catalysts used in MFCs, this review introduces the ORR catalysis mechanism, influencing factors for catalyst performance, and provides outlooks on further applications of ORR catalysts.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tin Titanate Nanotubes: Precursors for Nanoparticulate Sn‐Doped TiO2 Anodes with Synergistically Improved Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Wang Hongkang , Xi Liujiang , Tucek Jiri , Ma Chuansheng , Yang Guang , Leung Michael K. H. , Zboril Radek , Niu Chunming , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of tin–titanate nanotubes (Sn‐titanate) by reacting hydrogen titanate (H‐titanate) with a tin salt through ion adsorption–incorporation is reported. The interactions between tin(II) ions and H‐titanate are thoroughly investigated. Tin ions can be easily adsorbed by H‐titanate, owing to its large surface area and lattice spacing, and the negatively charged layered structures. With Sn‐titanate nanotubes as precursors, Sn‐doped TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared by annealing and are investigated as anode materials in lithium‐ion batteries, which show much enhanced capacity and rate capability. Such improved electrochemical properties of Sn‐doped TiO2 benefit from structural characteristics such as the small size of the constituent nanoparticles, high crystallinity, and uniform tin doping. This synthetic strategy towards Sn‐doped TiO2 anode materials, thus offers the synergistic effect of combining the advantages of TiO2 (cycle life and rate) and SnO2 (high capacity).
Alkenyl/Thiol‐Derived Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) by Means of Postsynthetic Modification for Effective Mercury Adsorption
Authors: Liu Tao , Che Jin‐Xin , Hu Yong‐Zhou , Dong Xiao‐Wu , Liu Xin‐Yuan , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe synthesis of new functionally diverse alkenyl‐derived Cr‐MIL‐101s (MIL=material of Institute Lavoisier) was realized by a novel and convenient postsynthetic modification (PSM) protocol by means of the carboncarbon bond‐forming Mizoroki–Heck reaction. The new PSM protocol demonstrates a broad scope of substrates with excellent tolerance of functionality under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, a new metal–organic framework (MOF) that bears both alkenyl and thiol side chains prepared by means of the tandem PSM method has shown excellent adsorbent ability in removing mercury ions from water.
Comparative Cytotoxicity of Artemisinin and Cisplatin and Their Interactions with Chlorogenic Acids in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Suberu John O. , Romero‐Canelón Isolda , Sullivan Neil , Lapkin Alexei A. , Barker Guy C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn parts of Africa and Asia, self‐medication with a hot water infusion of Artemisia annua (Artemisia tea) is a common practice for a number of ailments including malaria and cancer. In our earlier work, such an extract showed better potency than artemisinin alone against both chloroquine‐sensitive and ‐resistant parasites. In this study, in vitro tests of the infusion in MCF7 cells showed high IC50 values (>200 μM). The combination of artemisinin and 3‐caffeoylquinic acid (3CA), two major components in the extract, was strongly antagonistic and gave a near total loss of cytotoxicity for artemisinin. We observed that the interaction of 3CAs with another cytotoxic compound, cisplatin, showed potentiation of activity by 2.5‐fold. The chelation of cellular iron by 3CA is hypothesized as a possible explanation for the loss of artemisinin activity.
Discovery of a Highly Selective PLD2 Inhibitor (ML395): A New Probe with Improved Physiochemical Properties and Broad‐Spectrum Antiviral Activity against Influenza Strains
Authors: O'Reilly Matthew C. , Oguin Thomas H. , Scott Sarah A. , Thomas Paul G. , Locuson Charles W. , Morrison Ryan D. , Daniels J. Scott , Brown H. Alex , Lindsley Craig W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFurther chemical optimization of the halopemide‐derived family of dual phospholipase D1/2 (PLD1/2) inhibitors afforded ML395 (VU0468809), a potent, >80‐fold PLD2 selective allosteric inhibitor (cellular PLD1, IC50>30 000 nM; cellular PLD2, IC50=360 nM). Moreover, ML395 possesses an attractive in vitro DMPK profile, improved physiochemical properties, ancillary pharmacology (Eurofins Panel) cleaner than any other reported PLD inhibitor, and has been found to possess interesting activity as an antiviral agent in cellular assays against a range of influenza strains (H1, H3, H5 and H7).
Highly accurate diagnosis of cancer in thyroid nodules with follicular neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm cytology by ThyroSeq v2 next‐generation sequencing assay
Authors: Nikiforov Yuri E. , Carty Sally E. , Chiosea Simon I. , Coyne Christopher , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Ferris Robert L. , Gooding William E. , Hodak Steven P. , LeBeau Shane O. , Ohori N. Paul , Seethala Raja R. , Tublin Mitchell E. , Yip Linwah , Nikiforova Marina N. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a common approach to evaluating thyroid nodules, although 20% to 30% of FNAs have indeterminate cytology, which hampers the appropriate management of these patients. Follicular (or oncocytic) neoplasm/suspicious for a follicular (or oncocytic) neoplasm (FN/SFN) is a common indeterminate diagnosis with a cancer risk of approximately 15% to 30%. In this study, the authors tested whether the most complete next‐generation sequencing (NGS) panel of genetic markers could significantly improve cancer diagnosis in these nodules.METHODSThe evaluation of 143 consecutive FNA samples with a cytologic diagnosis of FN/SFN from patients with known surgical outcomes included 91 retrospective samples and 52 prospective samples. Analyses were performed on a proprietary sequencer using the targeted ThyroSeq v2 NGS panel, which simultaneously tests for point mutations in 13 genes and for 42 types of gene fusions that occur in thyroid cancer. The expression of 8 genes was used to assess the cellular composition of FNA samples.RESULTSIn the entire cohort, histologic analysis revealed 104 benign nodules and 39 malignant nodules. The most common point mutations involved the neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS), followed by the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, and the thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) gene. The identified fusions involved the thyroid adenoma associated (THADA) gene; the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARG) gene; and the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 3 (NTRK3) gene. Performance characteristics were similar in the retrospective and prospective groups. Among all FN/SFN nodules, preoperative ThyroSeq v2 performed with 90% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 80%‐99%), 93% specificity (95% CI, 88%‐98%), a positive predictive value of 83% (95% CI, 72%‐95%), a negative predictive value of 96% (95% CI, 92%‐100%), and 92% accuracy (95% CI, 88%‐97%).CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that comprehensive genotyping of thyroid nodules using a broad NGS panel provides a highly accurate diagnosis for nodules with FN/SFN cytology and should facilitate the optimal management of these patients. Cancer 2014;120:3627–3634. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Human papillomavirus 16 oncoprotein regulates the translocation of β‐catenin via the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Hu Zhongliang , Müller Susan , Qian Guoqing , Xu Jing , Kim Sungjin , Chen Zhengjia , Jiang Ning , Wang Dongsheng , Zhang Hongzheng , Saba Nabil F. , Shin Dong M. , Chen Zhuo Georgia 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDTo understand the mechanism of frequent and early lymph node metastasis in high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV)–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), this study investigated whether β‐catenin is regulated by the HPV oncoprotein and contributes to OPSCC metastasis.METHODSExpression levels of p16, β‐catenin, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were examined in OPSCC samples (n = 208) by immunohistochemistry. The expression and subcellular localization of β‐catenin and EGFR activation were also studied in HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with western blot analysis. HPV16 E6 small interfering RNA was used to elucidate the effect of the HPV oncoprotein on β‐catenin translocation. The involvement of EGFR in β‐catenin translocation was confirmed by treatment with erlotinib. Moreover, the invasive capacity was evaluated after HPV16 E6/E7 repression.RESULTSThe results showed that the membrane weighted index of β‐catenin was inversely correlated with p16 positivity (P < .001) and lymph node metastasis (P = .026), whereas nuclear staining of β‐catenin was associated with p16‐positive OPSCC (P < .001). A low level of membrane β‐catenin expression was significantly associated with disease‐free and overall survival (P < .0001 in both cases). Furthermore, the membrane weighted index of EGFR was inversely correlated with p16 positivity (P < .001) and positively correlated with membrane β‐catenin (P < .001). The in vitro study showed that HPV16 E6 repression led to reductions of phospho‐EGFR and nuclear β‐catenin, which were also observed after erlotinib treatment, and inhibition of invasion.CONCLUSIONSThe findings suggest that HPV16 E6 mediates the translocation of β‐catenin to the nucleus, which may be regulated by activated EGFR.Cancer2015;121:214–25. ©2014 American Cancer Society.
Cancer caregiving predicts physical impairments: Roles of earlier caregiving stress and being a spousal caregiver
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Carver Charles S. , Shaffer Kelly M. , Gansler Ted , Cannady Rachel S. 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to investigate associations between earlier caregiving experience and the development of physical impairments over the subsequent 6 years among family caregivers of patients with cancer.METHODSFamily caregivers of cancer survivors participated in a nationwide survey 2 years after their relative's cancer diagnosis (T1) (N=1517) with follow‐up at 5 years (T2) and 8 years (T3) postdiagnosis. Caregivers self‐reported their demographics and levels of caregiving stress at T1. Caregiving status (“former” for those whose patient was remission, “bereaved” for those whose patient had died, and “current”) and the presence of 3 physical impairments (arthritis, chronic back pain, and heart‐related diseases) at the time of assessment were measured at T1 through T3.RESULTSCaregiving stress was significantly related to concurrent presence of the 3 impairment markers at T1. Stressed caregivers also were more likely to develop heart diseases, and spousal caregivers were more likely than other caregivers to develop arthritis and chronic back pain several years after the initial caregiving experience (at T2 and T3). These effects were independent of age, sex, education, and income at T1, and they were also independent of caregiving status at each assessment.CONCLUSIONSThe current findings suggest that the adverse long‐term health effects of earlier caregiving stress and of being a spousal caregiver should be acknowledged and that caregiving‐related stress management programs should be incorporated into routine health care for family caregivers of cancer patients. Cancer 2015;121:302–10. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Metal/polymer composite Nuss bar for minimally invasive bar removal after Pectus Excavatum treatment: FEM simulations
Authors: Ricotti Leonardo , Ciuti Gastone , Ghionzoli Marco , Messineo Antonio , Menciassi Arianna 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study aims at assessing the mechanical behavior of a composite metal/polymer bar to be implanted in the retrosternal position, in order to correct chest wall deformities, such as Pectus Excavatum. A 300‐mm‐long, 12.7‐mm‐wide, and 3.5‐mm‐thick Nuss bar was considered, made of different metals and biodegradable polymers, fixed at its extremities, and with a constant force of 250 N applied on its center. Two different geometries for the metal elements to be embedded in the polymeric matrix were tested: in the former, thin metal sheets and in the latter, cylindrical metal reinforcing rods were considered. Finite element method simulation results are reported, in terms of maximum stress and strain of the bar. Furthermore, the maximum stress values obtained by varying metal sheet thickness or rod diameter (and therefore the volumetric percentage of metal within the matrix) for different material combinations are also shown; optimal configuration for the Pectus Excavatum treatment was finally identified for a composite Nuss bar. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.