bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Admission after sleep surgery is unnecessary in patients without cardiovascular disease
Authors: Rotenberg Brian , Theriault Jenna , Cheng Horace , Fuller John 
Published: September 2014

Objective/HypothesisEvidence is lacking to guide whether patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) require mandatory postoperative monitoring when undergoing multilevel sleep surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine the respiratory complication rate following OSA surgery and identify which patients benefit from monitoring after surgery.Study DesignA prospective study was conducted.MethodsFifty patients (age 45.4 ± 12.4; male 39, female 11), with sleep study‐proven OSA (apnoea/hypopnoea index [AHI] 24.3 ± 22.2) underwent multilevel sleep surgery. All patients had the St. Joseph's OSA risk score calculated preoperatively and then again within the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). The patients were then stratified into two categories: safe for same‐day discharge and requiring admission for overnight O2 saturation monitoring. Groups were compared across age, sex, AHI, body mass index, mean O2 saturation, minimum O2 saturation, length of time in PACU, narcotic use, smoking, surgery type, and other comorbidities. The St. Joseph's OSA Risk Tool was applied.ResultsSeventy‐eight percent of patients met criteria for same‐day discharge, and 22% required admission. For the discharged patients, we had a 0.0% readmission or complication rate for OSA‐specific reasons. For the admitted patients, we had no OSA‐specific complications while admitted to hospital. No variables consistently predicted complications or need for admission.ConclusionsThe incidence of respiratory events requiring intervention following multilevel sleep surgery is very low. Most patients with OSA undergoing surgery can be safely discharged home without any subsequent respiratory complications. In addition, those patients admitted for monitoring after surgery do not benefit from their admission.Level of Evidence: 2b.Laryngoscope, 125:498–502, 2015
Hydrogenated styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber: optimisation of hydrogenation conditions and performance evaluation as viscosity index improver
Authors: Li Wei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydrogenated styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber (HSIBR) was prepared through the hydrogenation reaction of self‐prepared styrene–isoprene–butadiene rubber using a Ziegler–Natta type catalyst prepared with nickel naphthenate (Ni) and aluminum triisobutyl (Al). The precursors and corresponding hydrogenated polymers were characterised using size exclusion chromatography, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis. The effects of various reaction parameters on the level of hydrogenation, calculated from 1H NMR spectroscopy, were investigated in the current paper. A maximum of 98% hydrogenation was obtained under the following conditions: Al/Ni molar ratio, 6; catalyst amount, 3 mg Ni per g of polymer; time, 3 h; temperature, 60°C; H2 pressure, 4 MPa and polymer concentration, 10 wt.%. Moreover, a different SAE 5W‐30 multigrade oil (5 CST hydroisomerisation dewax base oil) was formulated using HSIBR samples as viscosity index improvers (VII). The effect of butadiene/isoprene mass ratio in HSIBR on the performance of VII for lubricants was investigated here for the first time. HSIBR used as VII for lubricants integrated some advantages of hydrogenated styrene–butadiene rubber and hydrogenated styrene–isoprene rubber. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using a Compromise Programming Framework to Integrating Spatially Specific Preference Information for Forest Management Problems
Authors: Eyvindson Kyle , Kangas Annika 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe development of forest management plans is a multi‐criteria problem that usually involves multiple stakeholders. In forested recreational areas or natural parks, stakeholders could include government officials, forest companies and visitors to the area. With the progress of mobile phone technology, preference information (including aesthetic values) can be conveniently obtained from stakeholders while they are in the forest. This paper develops a methodological approach that incorporates place‐specific opinion preference into the development of alternative forest management plans. Through the use of a modified Compromise Programming approach, prospective alternatives are developed, which optimize the opinions of stakeholders and the quantity of timber over time depending on specified parameters. The analysis is based on a small simulated forest holding and place‐specific simulated opinion data. To allow for a comparison between potential stakeholder groups, the opinion data was generated by a method that produced three separate groups. The results indicate the practical use of place‐specific preferences and provide a means to incorporate the information to generate possible alternative plans. In addition, the analysis highlights that by segregating the preference information into groups, the planning of more specific courses of actions can be made. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting Holistic Well-Being in Chronic Stroke Patients Through Leisure Art-Based Creative Engagement
Authors: Sit Janet W. H. , Chan Amy W. H. , So Winnie K. W. , Chan Carmen W. H. , Chan Aileen W. K. , Chan Helen Y. L. , Fung Olivia W. M. , Wong Eliza M. L. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Purpose:
To examine the potential value of a creative art-based activity as a caring modality for promoting holistic well-being among chronic stroke patients, and to explore the feelings and meanings that stroke patients derived from their experience in leisure art-based creative engagement (LACE).

Design:
Qualitative design.

Method:
Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Qualitative content analysis was performed. The design and implementation of LACE was guided by Watson’s theory of caring.

Findings:
Twenty-four participants completed the study. Four themes emerged from participants’ account of experiences with the LACE: (1) appreciation of opportunities, (2) appreciation of self, (3) appreciation of others, and (4) appreciation of life.

Conclusion:
From the perspective of the participants, engaging in LACE enhances their sense of enjoyment and self-expression. Furthermore, they perceived LACE as an affirmation of life and an empowering process strengthening their connection and appreciation with the self and others.

Clinical Relevance:
This study adds evidence to existing literature on Watson’s theory-guided design and implementation of caring initiatives for community rehabilitation and has laid the groundwork for developing further evidencebased research in leisure art-based caring occasions for promoting holistic well-being in stroke rehabilitation.
A distributed secret share update scheme with public verifiability for ad hoc network
Authors: Zhenhua Chen , Shundong Li , Qianhong Wu , Qiong Huang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a distributed secret share update scheme with public verifiability for ad hoc network is proposed, in which the system secret key is collaboratively generated by k nodes or more, instead of by a centralized key generation center. To prevent a passive adversary from collecting other nodes' shares to compromise the system key over a long period, each node can periodically refresh its share without changing the system key. At the same time, to resist an active adversary to forge partial share and even to solve the accusation problem, any one can publicly verify the correctness of partial shares submitted by other nodes in the share update phase. To achieve our goals, we explore the technique of verifiable encryption with additive homomorphism and that of threshold cryptography. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more secure and efficient than the previous schemes for ad hoc networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural modeling from electron microscopy data
Authors: López‐Blanco José Ramón , Chacón Pablo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCryo‐electron microscopy is a powerful technique for the determination of three‐dimensional (3D) structures of macromolecular machines, as it provides functional snapshots of biologically relevant complexes under near‐physiological in vitro conditions. In this study, we review the computational algorithms developed to build macromolecular models from the information encoded in cryo‐electron microscopy (EM) density maps. These modeling tools include fitting strategies to localize atomic structures into 3D maps, de novo methods to identify structural elements, and hybrid methods for the combination of multiple structural data from complementary biophysical techniques and other experimental sources. We also illustrate the power of EM‐derived models in the atomic‐level interpretation of the conformational changes of relevant macromolecular assemblies. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:62–81. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1199This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Secretome analysis of the thermophilic xylanase hyper-producerThermomyces lanuginosusSSBP cultivated on corn cobs
Authors: Winger A M , Heazlewood J L , Chan L J G , Petzold C J , Permaul K , Singh S 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThermomyces lanuginosus is a thermophilic fungus known for its ability to produce industrially important enzymes including large amounts of xylanase, the key enzyme in hemicellulose hydrolysis. The secretome of T. lanuginosus SSBP was profiled by shotgun proteomics to elucidate important enzymes involved in hemicellulose saccharification and to characterise the presence of other industrially interesting enzymes. This study reproducibly identified a total of 74 proteins in the supernatant following growth on corn cobs. An analysis of proteins revealed nine glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes including xylanase GH11, β-xylosidase GH43, β-glucosidase GH3, α-galactosidase GH36 and trehalose hydrolase GH65. Two commercially produced Thermomyces enzymes, lipase and amylase, were also identified. In addition, other industrially relevant enzymes not currently explored in Thermomyces were identified including glutaminase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and cyanate hydratase. Overall, these data provide insight into the novel ability of a cellulase-free fungus to utilise lignocellulosic material, ultimately producing a number of enzymes important to various industrial processes.
Creation of a Network to Promote Universal Screening for Lynch Syndrome: The Lynch Syndrome Screening Network
Authors: Mange Sarah , Bellcross Cecelia , Cragun Deborah , Duquette Deb , Gorman Lisa , Hampel Heather , Jasperson Kory 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Evaluation of Genomic Applications in Practice and Prevention Working Group published an evidence‐based recommendation stating that every newly diagnosed colorectal cancer (CRC) should undergo tumor screening for Lynch syndrome (LS). In 2011, leading cancer institutions and public health agencies created the Lynch Syndrome Screening Network (LSSN) in order to promote routine LS screening on all newly diagnosed CRCs and endometrial cancers (EC). The LSSN facilitates implementation of appropriate screening via shared resources, protocols and data through network collaboration. The LSSN website contains resources for institutions interested in initiating screening, including materials for program development, implementation and sustainability. The LSSN listserv gives providers access to experts in LS screening and implementation. The LSSN database will allow exploration of key gaps in implementation as a consortia‐wide endeavor. To date, the LSSN's membership includes 85 institutions involved in the care of CRC patients and nine official partners such as national and state public health entities and other non‐profit institutions. Nearly 80 % of the LSSN's members have already implemented routine or universal CRC and/or EC screening. LSSN serves to further the population health potential of universal LS screening through collaborative efforts and resources.
PORTFOLIO SELECTION BY MINIMIZING THE PRESENT VALUE OF CAPITAL INJECTION COSTS
Authors: Zhou Ming , Yuen Kam C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the portfolio selection and capital injection problem for a diffusion risk model within the classical Black–Scholes financial market. It is assumed that the original surplus process of an insurance portfolio is described by a drifted Brownian motion, and that the surplus can be invested in a risky asset and a risk-free asset. When the surplus hits zero, the company can inject capital to keep the surplus positive. In addition, it is assumed that both fixed and proportional costs are incurred upon each capital injection. Our objective is to minimize the expected value of the discounted capital injection costs by controlling the investment policy and the capital injection policy. We first prove the continuity of the value function and a verification theorem for the corresponding Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. We then show that the optimal investment policy is a solution to a terminal value problem of an ordinary differential equation. In particular, explicit solutions are derived in some special cases and a series solution is obtained for the general case. Also, we propose a numerical method to solve the optimal investment and capital injection policies. Finally, a numerical study is carried out to illustrate the effect of the model parameters on the optimal policies.
Seep deposits from northern Istria, Croatia: a first glimpse into the Eocene seep fauna of the Tethys region
Authors: NATALICCHIO M. , PECKMANN J. , BIRGEL D. , KIEL S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThree isolated limestone deposits and their fauna are described from a middle Eocene Flysch succession in northwestern Istria, Croatia. The limestones are identified as ancient methane-seep deposits based on fabrics and characteristic mineral phases, δ13Ccarbonatevalues as low as −42.2 ‰ and13C-depleted lipid biomarkers indicative of methane-oxidizing archaea. The faint bedding of the largest seep deposit, the great dominance of authigenic micrite over early diagenetic fibrous cement, as well as biomarker patterns indicate that seepage was diffusive rather than advective. Apart from methanotrophic archaea, aerobic methanotrophic bacteria were present at the Eocene seeps as revealed by13C-depleted lanostanes and hopanoids. The observed corrosion surfaces in the limestones probably reflect carbonate dissolution caused by aerobic methanotrophy. The macrofauna consists mainly of chemosymbiotic bivalves such as solemyids (Acharax), thyasirids (Thyasira) and lucinids (Amanocina). The middle Eocene marks the rise of the modern seep fauna, but so far the fossil record of seeps of this age is restricted to the North Pacific region. The taxa found at Buje originated during the Cretaceous Period, whereas taxa typical of the modern seep fauna such as bathymodiolin mussels and vesicomyid clams are absent. Although this is only a first palaeontological glimpse into the biogeography during the rise of the modern seep fauna, it agrees with biogeographic investigations based on the modern vent fauna indicating that the dominant taxa of the modern seep fauna first appeared in the Pacific Ocean.
The Binding Effect of a Customary Arbitration Award: Exorcizing the Ghost of Agu v Ikewibe
Authors: Ikeyi Nduka , Maduka Tochukwu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAgu v Ikewibe has been widely interpreted as holding that a customary arbitration award is binding only if none of the parties rejected the award after it was made; it has been widely criticized for this reason. However, the Nigerian Supreme Court has reached decisions, subsequent to though not as notorious as Agu v Ikewibe, to the effect that post-award consent is not necessary to found a binding customary arbitration award. This article contends that Agu v Ikewibe did not indeed decide what has been ascribed to it over the years, or that, even if it did, that decision is not supported by the previous judicial authorities upon which it claimed to have relied. Reference is also made to the current predominant indications from the Nigerian Supreme Court that post-award consent is not necessary to establish a binding customary arbitration award.
Fragmented populations of the Vulnerable eastern hoolock gibbon Hoolock leuconedys in the Lower Dibang Valley district, Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sarma Kuladip , Krishna Murali , Kumar Awadhesh 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe conducted a survey of the distribution and population status of the eastern hoolock gibbon Hoolock leuconedys in non-protected fragmented forest areas of the Lower Dibang Valley district of Arunachal Pradesh, India, during September 2010–June 2011. We estimated the minimum population density at seven study sites by direct observation and by counting the number of vocalizations heard from groups that were out of view. We used 1-ha belt transects (500 × 20 m) to estimate tree diversity in the study area. For two groups of gibbons we recorded their feeding patterns in forest fragments, using focal individual sampling, during May 2011. A total of 54 groups and three solitary individuals were recorded: 39 groups and three individuals through visual encounter and 15 groups through vocalization recognition. The mean group size recorded was 2.89 ± SE 0.11 (range 2–4). We counted a total of 289 trees, of 26 species and 17 families, in 18 belt transect surveys covering all non-protected fragments of the Lower Dibang Valley district. The gibbons' diet consisted of seasonal fruits and figs (29%), leaves (65%), seeds (2%) and flowers (0.5%). The major threats recorded at the study sites were habitat destruction and hunting. To protect the Vulnerable eastern hoolock gibbon, conservation measures will need to involve local communities.
A paradox of restoration: prey habitat engineering for an introduced, threatened carnivore can support native biodiversity
Authors: Remm Liina , Lõhmus Asko , Maran Tiit 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConservation of charismatic vertebrates in modern landscapes often includes habitat engineering, which is well supported by the public but lacks a consideration of wider conservation consequences. We analysed a pond management project for an introduced island population of captive-bred, Critically Endangered European mink Mustela lutreola. Ponds were excavated near watercourses in hydrologically impoverished forests to support the main prey of the mink (brown frogs Rana temporaria and Rana arvalis). A comparison of these ponds with other, natural, water bodies revealed that the (re)constructed ponds could reduce food shortages for the mink. Moreover, the ponds provided habitat for macroinvertebrates that were uncommon in the managed forests in the study area, including some species of conservation concern. The cost-effectiveness of the management of charismatic species can be increased by explicitly including wider conservation targets at both the planning and assessment stages.
Understanding different sources of information: the acquisition of evidentiality
Authors: KORING LOES , DE MULDER HANNAH 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates six- to nine-year-old children's acquisition of evidentiality. In two minimally different tasks we assess whether children can be made to use a particular source of information by presenting them with a specific evidential term. That is, we assess whether children have an explicit awareness of the source requirement of the evidential terms. The results demonstrate that children explicitly understand thedirectevidential term, but not theindirectevidential terms. Interestingly, the direct evidential term tested (Dutchlijken) does not encode high speaker certainty. Hence, even though the child cannot rely on speaker certainty to provide an answer, the results still show that direct evidentiality is acquired before indirect evidentiality.
Potential risks of trophic impacts by escaped transgenic salmon in marine environments
Authors: LI LINGBO , PITCHER TONY J. , DEVLIN ROBERT H. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYThere is significant concern about potential ecological effects of introduced organisms, including non-indigenous species and those created by genetic modification. This paper presents an Ecopath with Ecosim modelling approach, designed to examine long-term trophic effects of growth hormone (GH) transgenic coho salmon should they ever escape to a coastal salmonid ecosystem, namely the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia (Canada). The model showed that the effects of introduced GH transgenic coho salmon varied with their biomass, diet, structure of the invaded ecosystem, and environmental conditions. Occasional escapes of non-reproductive salmon did not have a significant impact on the example ecosystem. However, effects of GH coho salmon varied with their diet when large numbers of these fish were present in the simulated ecosystem (for example, when they constituted 20% of total current aquaculture production in the area). Further, climate-driven changes in the biomass of low trophic levels (bottom-up effects) could have a greater impact on the ecosystem than the introduction of large numbers of GH coho salmon. A new version of Ecopath with Ecosim's Monte Carlo approach showed that the model predictions were robust to GH coho salmon's Ecopath parameters, but more sensitive to vulnerabilities of prey to GH coho salmon. Modelling ecosystem effects of genetically modified organisms provides a complementary approach for risk assessments when data from nature are not readily obtainable.
Incidental finding of complete interruption of the aorta in a septuagenarian
Authors: Ozturk Semi , Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Efe Suleyman Cagan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdult survivors of aortic interruption is extremely rare. Diagnosis mostly depends on additional imaging with CT and MRI. We present a rare case of acquired complete interruption of the aorta that was found incidentally at the time of coronary angiography. This finding was confirmed by CT scan.
Digital Clock Drawing: Differentiating “Thinking”versus“Doing” in Younger and Older Adults with Depression
Authors: Cohen Jamie , Penney Dana L. , Davis Randall , Libon David J. , Swenson Rodney A. , Ajilore Olusola , Kumar Anand , Lamar Melissa 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPsychomotor slowing has been documented in depression. The digital Clock Drawing Test (dCDT) provides: (i) a novel technique to assess both cognitive and motor aspects of psychomotor speed within the same task and (ii) the potential to uncover subtleties of behavior not previously detected with non-digitized modes of data collection. Using digitized pen technology in 106 participants grouped by Age (younger/older) and Affect (euthymic/unmedicated depressed), we recorded cognitive and motor output by capturinghowthe clock is drawn rather than focusing on the final product. We divided time to completion (TTC) for Command and Copy conditions of the dCDT into metrics of percent of drawing (%Ink)versusnon-drawing(%Think) time. We also obtained compositeZ-scores of cognition, including attention/information processing (AIP), to explore associations of%Inkand%Thinktimes to cognitive and motor performance. Despite equivalent TTC,%Inkand%ThinkCommand times (Copy n.s.) were significant (AgeXAffect interaction:p=.03)—younger depressed spent a smaller proportion of time drawing relative to thinking compared to the older depressed group. Command%Thinktime negatively correlated with AIP in the older depressed group (r=−.46;p=.02). Copy%Thinktime negatively correlated with AIP in the younger depressed (r=−.47;p=.03) and older euthymic groups (r=−.51;p=.01). The dCDT differentiated aspects of psychomotor slowing in depression regardless of age, while dCDT/cognitive associates for younger adults with depression mimicked patterns of older euthymics. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–9)