bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interplay between arginine methylation and ubiquitylation regulates KLF4-mediated genome stability and carcinogenesis
Authors: Hu Dong , Gur Mert , Zhou Zhuan , Gamper Armin , Hung Mien-Chie , Fujita Naoya , Lan Li , Bahar Ivet , Wan Yong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractKLF4 is an important regulator of cell-fate decision, including DNA damage response and apoptosis. We identify a novel interplay between protein modifications in regulating KLF4 function. Here we show that arginine methylation of KLF4 by PRMT5 inhibits KLF4 ubiquitylation by VHL and thereby reduces KLF4 turnover, resulting in the elevation of KLF4 protein levels concomitant with increased transcription of KLF4-dependent p21 and reduced expression of KLF4-repressed Bax. Structure-based modelling and simulations provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of KLF4 recognition and catalysis by PRMT5. Following genotoxic stress, disruption of PRMT5-mediated KLF4 methylation leads to abrogation of KLF4 accumulation, which, in turn, attenuates cell cycle arrest. Mutating KLF4 methylation sites suppresses breast tumour initiation and progression, and immunohistochemical stain shows increased levels of both KLF4 and PRMT5 in breast cancer tissues. Taken together, our results point to a critical role for aberrant KLF4 regulation by PRMT5 in genome stability and breast carcinogenesis.
Cognitive tutoring induces widespread neuroplasticity and remediates brain function in children with mathematical learning disabilities
Authors: Iuculano Teresa , Rosenberg-Lee Miriam , Richardson Jennifer , Tenison Caitlin , Fuchs Lynn , Supekar Kaustubh , Menon Vinod 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCompetency with numbers is essential in today’s society; yet, up to 20% of children exhibit moderate to severe mathematical learning disabilities (MLD). Behavioural intervention can be effective, but the neurobiological mechanisms underlying successful intervention are unknown. Here we demonstrate that eight weeks of 1:1 cognitive tutoring not only remediates poor performance in children with MLD, but also induces widespread changes in brain activity. Neuroplasticity manifests as normalization of aberrant functional responses in a distributed network of parietal, prefrontal and ventral temporal–occipital areas that support successful numerical problem solving, and is correlated with performance gains. Remarkably, machine learning algorithms show that brain activity patterns in children with MLD are significantly discriminable from neurotypical peers before, but not after, tutoring, suggesting that behavioural gains are not due to compensatory mechanisms. Our study identifies functional brain mechanisms underlying effective intervention in children with MLD and provides novel metrics for assessing response to intervention.
BAP1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by deubiquitinating KLF5
Authors: Qin Junying , Zhou Zhongmei , Chen Wenlin , Wang Chunyan , Zhang Hailin , Ge Guangzhe , Shao Ming , You Dingyun , Fan Zhixiang , Xia Houjun , Liu Rong , Chen Ceshi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe transcription factor KLF5 is highly expressed in basal-like breast cancer and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration and tumour growth. Here we show that, in breast cancer cells, KLF5 is stabilized by the deubiquitinase (DUB) BAP1. With a genome-wide siRNA library screen of DUBs, we identify BAP1 as a bona fide KLF5 DUB. BAP1 interacts directly with KLF5 and stabilizes KLF5 via deubiquitination. KLF5 is in the BAP1/HCF-1 complex, and this newly identified complex promotes cell cycle progression partially by inhibitingp27gene expression. Furthermore, BAP1 knockdown inhibits tumorigenicity and lung metastasis, which can be rescued partially by ectopic expression of KLF5. Collectively, our findings not only identify BAP1 as the DUB for KLF5, but also reveal a critical mechanism that regulates KLF5 expression in breast cancer. Our findings indicate that BAP1 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast and other cancers.
A RIAM/lamellipodin–talin–integrin complex forms the tip of sticky fingers that guide cell migration
Authors: Lagarrigue Frederic , Vikas Anekal Praju , Lee Ho-Sup , Bachir Alexia I. , Ablack Jailal N. , Horwitz Alan F. , Ginsberg Mark H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe leading edge of migrating cells contains rapidly translocating activated integrins associated with growing actin filaments that form ‘sticky fingers’ to sense extracellular matrix and guide cell migration. Here we utilized indirect bimolecular fluorescence complementation to visualize a molecular complex containing a Mig-10/RIAM/lamellipodin (MRL) protein (Rap1-GTP-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) or lamellipodin), talin and activated integrins in living cells. This complex localizes at the tips of growing actin filaments in lamellipodial and filopodial protrusions, thus corresponding to the tips of the ‘sticky fingers.’ Formation of the complex requires talin to form a bridge between the MRL protein and the integrins. Moreover, disruption of the MRL protein–integrin–talin (MIT) complex markedly impairs cell protrusion. These data reveal the molecular basis of the formation of ‘sticky fingers’ at the leading edge of migrating cells and show that an MIT complex drives these protrusions.
A tunable azine covalent organic framework platform for visible light-induced hydrogen generation
Authors: Vyas Vijay S. , Haase Frederik , Stegbauer Linus , Savasci Gökcen , Podjaski Filip , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHydrogen evolution from photocatalytic reduction of water holds promise as a sustainable source of carbon-free energy. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) present an interesting new class of photoactive materials, which combine three key features relevant to the photocatalytic process, namely crystallinity, porosity and tunability. Here we synthesize a series of water- and photostable 2D azine-linked COFs from hydrazine and triphenylarene aldehydes with varying number of nitrogen atoms. The electronic and steric variations in the precursors are transferred to the resulting frameworks, thus leading to a progressively enhanced light-induced hydrogen evolution with increasing nitrogen content in the frameworks. Our results demonstrate that by the rational design of COFs on a molecular level, it is possible to precisely adjust their structural and optoelectronic properties, thus resulting in enhanced photocatalytic activities. This is expected to spur further interest in these photofunctional frameworks where rational supramolecular engineering may lead to new material applications.
Bio-inspired electron-delivering system for reductive activation of dioxygen at metal centres towards artificial flavoenzymes
Authors: Roux Yoann , Ricoux Rémy , Avenier Frédéric , Mahy Jean-Pierre 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDevelopment of artificial systems, capable of delivering electrons to metal-based catalysts for the reductive activation of dioxygen, has been proven very difficult for decades, constituting a major scientific lock for the elaboration of environmentally friendly oxidation processes. Here we demonstrate that the incorporation of a flavin mononucleotide (FMN) in a water-soluble polymer, bearing a locally hydrophobic microenvironment, allows the efficient reduction of the FMN by NADH. This supramolecular entity is then capable of catalysing a very fast single-electron reduction of manganese(III) porphyrin by splitting the electron pair issued from NADH. This is fully reminiscent of the activity of natural reductases such as the cytochrome P450 reductases with kinetic parameters, which are three orders of magnitude faster compared with other artificial systems. Finally, we show as a proof of concept that the reduced manganese porphyrin activates dioxygen and catalyses the oxidation of organic substrates in water.
Ultralow-threshold multiphoton-pumped lasing from colloidal nanoplatelets in solution
Authors: Li Mingjie , Zhi Min , Zhu Hai , Wu Wen-Ya , Xu Qing-Hua , Jhon Mark Hyunpong , Chan Yinthai 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough multiphoton-pumped lasing from a solution of chromophores is important in the emerging fields of nonlinear optofluidics and bio-photonics, conventionally used organic dyes are often rendered unsuitable because of relatively small multiphoton absorption cross-sections and low photostability. Here, we demonstrate highly photostable, ultralow-threshold multiphoton-pumped biexcitonic lasing from a solution of colloidal CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets within a cuvette-based Fabry–Pérot optical resonator. We find that colloidal nanoplatelets surprisingly exhibit an optimal lateral size that minimizes lasing threshold. These nanoplatelets possess very large gain cross-sections of 7.3 × 10−14 cm2 and ultralow lasing thresholds of 1.2 and 4.3 mJ cm−2 under two-photon (λexc=800 nm) and three-photon (λexc=1.3 μm) excitation, respectively. The highly polarized emission from the nanoplatelet laser shows no significant photodegradation over 107 laser shots. These findings constitute a more comprehensive understanding of the utility of colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles as the gain medium in high-performance frequency-upconversion liquid lasers.
Gossypium barbadense genome sequence provides insight into the evolution of extra-long staple fiber and specialized metabolites
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhao Bo , Zheng Hua-Jun , Hu Yan , Lu Gang , Yang Chang-Qing , Chen Jie-Dan , Chen Jun-Jian , Chen Dian-Yang , Zhang Liang , Zhou Yan , Wang Ling-Jian , Guo Wang-Zhen , Bai Yu-Lin , Ruan Ju-Xin , Shangguan Xiao-Xia , Mao Ying-Bo , Shan Chun-Min , Jiang Jian-Ping , Zhu Yong-Qiang , Jin Lei , Kang Hui , Chen Shu-Ting , He Xu-Lin , Wang Rui , Wang Yue-Zhu , Chen Jie , Wang Li-Jun , Yu Shu-Ting , Wang Bi-Yun , Wei Jia , Song Si-Chao , Lu Xin-Yan , Gao Zheng-Chao , Gu Wen-Yi , Deng Xiao , Ma Dan , Wang Sen , Liang Wen-Hua , Fang Lei , Cai Cai-Ping , Zhu Xie-Fei , Zhou Bao-Liang , Jeffrey Chen Z. , Xu Shu-Hua , Zhang Yu-Gao , Wang Sheng-Yue , Zhang Tian-Zhen , Zhao Guo-Ping , Chen Xiao-Ya 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOf the two cultivated species of allopolyploid cotton,Gossypium barbadenseproduces extra-long fibers for the production of superior textiles. We sequenced its genome (AD)2and performed a comparative analysis. We identified three bursts of retrotransposons from 20 million years ago (Mya) and a genome-wide uneven pseudogenization peak at 11–20 Mya, which likely contributed to genomic divergences. Among the 2,483 genes preferentially expressed in fiber, a cell elongation regulator,PRE1, is strikingly Atbiased and fiber specific, echoing the A-genome origin of spinnable fiber. The expansion of the PRE members implies a genetic factor that underlies fiber elongation. Mature cotton fiber consists of nearly pure cellulose.G. barbadenseandG. hirsutumcontain 29 and 30 cellulose synthase (CesA) genes, respectively; whereas most of these genes (>25) are expressed in fiber, genes for secondary cell wall biosynthesis exhibited a delayed and higher degree of up-regulation inG. barbadensecompared withG. hirsutum, conferring an extended elongation stage and highly active secondary wall deposition during extra-long fiber development. The rapid diversification of sesquiterpene synthase genes in the gossypol pathway exemplifies the chemical diversity of lineage-specific secondary metabolites. TheG. barbadensegenome advances our understanding of allopolyploidy, which will help improve cotton fiber quality.
Amygdala and cingulate structure is associated with stereotype on sex-role
Authors: Takeuchi Hikaru , Taki Yasuyuki , Sekiguchi Atsushi , Nouchi Rui , Kotozaki Yuka , Nakagawa Seishu , Miyauchi Carlos Makoto , Iizuka Kunio , Yokoyama Ryoichi , Shinada Takamitsu , Yamamoto Yuki , Hanawa Sugiko , Araki Tsuyoshi , Hashizume Hiroshi , Kunitoki Keiko , Sassa Yuko , Kawashima Ryuta 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSex-role egalitarianism (SRE) is the belief that the sex of an individual should not influence the perception of his or her rights, abilities, obligations and opportunities. Thus, low SRE reflects a more conservative stereotypical view on sex-role. Here we investigated anatomical correlates of individual differences in SRE in the present study. We used voxel-based morphometry, a questionnaire to determine an individual’s SRE and associated psychological measures and determined the association of SRE with gray matter structures and their cognitive nature in healthy individuals (375 men and 306 women; age, 20.6 ± 1.8 years). We demonstrated that higher SRE was associated with smaller regional gray matter density (rGMD) in the anterior part of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and higher rGMD in the right amygdala. Post-hoc analyses revealed psychological measures characterized by contentious interpersonal orientations, such as contentious achievement motivation, were associated with lower SRE and higher rGMD in the anterior part of PCC. Depressive tendencies were associated with lower SRE and higher rGMD in the right amygdala. These findings suggest that variations in stereotype on sex role have roots in the limbic brain structures linked to contentious interpersonal orientation (cingulate) and negative mood (amygdala).
Seed priming with polyethylene glycol regulating the physiological and molecular mechanism in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under nano-ZnO stress
Authors: Salah Sheteiwy Mohamed , Yajing Guan , Dongdong Cao , Jie Li , Aamir Nawaz , Qijuan Hu , Weimin Hu , Mingyu Ning , Jin Hu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe present study was designed to highlight the impact of seed priming with polyethylene glycol on physiological and molecular mechanism of two cultivars of Oryza sativa L. under different levels of zinc oxide nanorods (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg L−1). Plant growth parameters were significantly increased in seed priming with 30% PEG under nano-ZnO stress in both cultivars. Whereas, this increase was more prominent in cultivar Qian You No. 1 as compared to cultivar Zhu Liang You 06. Significant increase in photosynthetic pigment with PEG priming under stress. Antioxidant enzymes activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were significantly reduced with PEG priming under nano-ZnO stress. Gene expression analysis also suggested that expression of APXa, APXb, CATa, CATb, CATc, SOD1, SOD2 and SOD3 genes were down regulated with PEG priming as compared to non-primed seeds under stress. The ultrastructural analysis showed that leaf mesophyll and root cells were significantly damaged under nano-ZnO stress in both cultivars but the damage was prominent in Zhu Liang You 06. However, seed priming with PEG significantly alleviate the toxic effects of nano-ZnO stress and improved the cell structures of leaf and roots in both cultivars.
Transcriptome analysis of hormone-induced gene expression in Brachypodium distachyon
Authors: Kakei Yusuke , Mochida Keiichi , Sakurai Tetsuya , Yoshida Takuhiro , Shinozaki Kazuo , Shimada Yukihisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBrachypodium distachyonis a new model plant closely related to wheat and other cereals. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of hormone-regulated genes inBrachypodium distachyonusing RNA sequencing technology.Brachypodium distachyonseedlings were treated with eight phytohormones (auxin, cytokinine, brassinosteroid, gibberelline, abscisic acid, ethylene, jasmonate and salicylic acid) and two inhibitors, Brz220 (brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitor) and prohexadione (gibberelline biosynthesis inhibitor). The expressions of 1807 genes were regulated in a phytohormone-dependent manner. We compared the data with the phytohormone responses that have reported in rice. Transcriptional responses to hormones are conserved betweenBracypodiumand rice. Transcriptional regulation by brassinosteroid, gibberellin and ethylene was relatively weaker than those by other hormones. This is consistent with the data obtained from comprehensive analysis of hormone responses reported inArabidopsis.BrachypodiumandArabidopsisalso shared some common transcriptional responses to phytohormones. Alternatively, unique transcriptional responses to phytohormones were observed inBrachypodium. For example, the expressions of ACC synthase genes were up-regulated by auxin treatment in rice andArabidopsis, but no orthologous ACC synthase gene was up-regulated inBrachypodium. Our results provide information useful to understand the diversity and similarity of hormone-regulated transcriptional responses between eudicots and monocots.
Dynamic scaling for the growth of non-equilibrium fluctuations during thermophoretic diffusion in microgravity
Authors: Cerbino Roberto , Sun Yifei , Donev Aleksandar , Vailati Alberto 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDiffusion processes are widespread in biological and chemical systems, where they play a fundamental role in the exchange of substances at the cellular level and in determining the rate of chemical reactions. Recently, the classical picture that portrays diffusion as random uncorrelated motion of molecules has been revised, when it was shown that giant non-equilibrium fluctuations develop during diffusion processes. Under microgravity conditions and at steady-state, non-equilibrium fluctuations exhibit scale invariance and their size is only limited by the boundaries of the system. In this work, we investigate the onset of non-equilibrium concentration fluctuations induced by thermophoretic diffusion in microgravity, a regime not accessible to analytical calculations but of great relevance for the understanding of several natural and technological processes. A combination of state of the art simulations and experiments allows us to attain a fully quantitative description of the development of fluctuations during transient diffusion in microgravity. Both experiments and simulations show that during the onset the fluctuations exhibit scale invariance at large wave vectors. In a broader range of wave vectors simulations predict a spinodal-like growth of fluctuations, where the amplitude and length-scale of the dominant mode are determined by the thickness of the diffuse layer.
Protocatechuic acid ameliorates neurocognitive functions impairment induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Yin Xue , Zhang Xiuli , Lv Changjun , Li Chunli , Yu Yan , Wang Xiaozhi , Han Fang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractChronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) is a serious consequence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and has deleterious effects on central neurons and neurocognitive functions. This study examined if protocatechuic acid (PCA) could improve learning and memory functions of rats exposed to CIH conditions and explore potential mechanisms. Neurocognitive functions were evaluated in male SD rats by step-through passive avoidance test and Morris water maze assay following exposure to CIH or room air conditions. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscopy and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. Ultrastructure changes were investigated with transmission electron microscope and neuron apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays. The effects of PCA on oxidative stress, apoptosis and brain IL-1β levels were investigated. Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved Caspase-3, c-fos, SYN, BDNF and pro-BDNF were also studied along with JNK, P38 and ERK phosphorylation to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of PCA action. PCA was seen to enhance learning and memory ability and alleviate oxidative stress, apoptosis and glial proliferation following CIH exposure in rats. In addition, PCA administration also decreased the level of IL-1β in brain and increased the expression of BDNF and SYN. We conclude that PCA administration will ameliorate CIH-induced cognitive dysfunctions.
ZnO@SnO2 engineered composite photoanodes for dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Milan R. , Selopal G. S. , Epifani M. , Natile M. M. , Sberveglieri G. , Vomiero A. , Concina I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLayered multi-oxide concept was applied for fabrication of photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO and SnO2, capitalizing on the beneficial properties of each oxide. The effect of different combinations of ZnO@SnO2 layers was investigated, aimed at exploiting the high carrier mobility provided by the ZnO and the higher stability under UV irradiation pledged by SnO2. Bi-oxide photoanodes performed much better in terms of photoconversion efficiency (PCE) (4.96%) compared to bare SnO2 (1.20%) and ZnO (1.03%). Synergistic cooperation is effective for both open circuit voltage and photocurrent density: enhanced values were indeed recorded for the layered photoanode as compared with bare oxides (Voc enhanced from 0.39 V in case of bare SnO2 to 0.60 V and Jsc improved from 2.58 mA/cm2 pertaining to single ZnO to 14.8 mA/cm2). Improved functional performances of the layered network were ascribable to the optimization of both high chemical capacitance (provided by the SnO2) and low recombination resistance (guaranteed by ZnO) and inhibition of back electron transfer from the SnO2 conduction band to the oxidized species of the electrolyte. Compared with previously reported results, this study testifies how a simple electrode design is powerful in enhancing the functional performances of the final device.
Mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, enlarge the parasite’s food vacuole and alter drug sensitivities
Authors: Pulcini Serena , Staines Henry M. , Lee Andrew H. , Shafik Sarah H. , Bouyer Guillaume , Moore Catherine M. , Daley Daniel A. , Hoke Matthew J. , Altenhofen Lindsey M. , Painter Heather J. , Mu Jianbing , Ferguson David J. P. , Llinás Manuel , Martin Rowena E. , Fidock David A. , Cooper Roland A. , Krishna Sanjeev 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMutations in thePlasmodium falciparumchloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, are the major determinant of chloroquine resistance in this lethal human malaria parasite. Here, we describeP. falciparumlines subjected to selection by amantadine or blasticidin that carry PfCRT mutations (C101F or L272F), causing the development of enlarged food vacuoles. These parasites also have increased sensitivity to chloroquine and some other quinoline antimalarials, but exhibit no or minimal change in sensitivity to artemisinins, when compared with parental strains. A transgenic parasite line expressing the L272F variant of PfCRT confirmed this increased chloroquine sensitivity and enlarged food vacuole phenotype. Furthermore, the introduction of the C101F or L272F mutation into a chloroquine-resistant variant of PfCRT reduced the ability of this protein to transport chloroquine by approximately 93 and 82%, respectively, when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These data provide, at least in part, a mechanistic explanation for the increased sensitivity of the mutant parasite lines to chloroquine. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into PfCRT function and PfCRT-mediated drug resistance, as well as the food vacuole, which is an important target of many antimalarial drugs.