bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducibility Constraints in Superposition
Authors: Hajdu Márton , Kovács Laura , Rawson Michael , Voronkov Andrei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModern superposition inference systems aim at reducing the search space by introducing redundancy criteria on clauses and inferences. This paper focuses on reducing the number of superposition inferences with a single clause by blocking inferences into some terms, provided there were previously made inferences of a certain form performed with predecessors of this clause. Other calculi based on blocking inferences, for example basic superposition, rely on variable abstraction or equality constraints to express irreducibility of terms, resulting however in blocking inferences with all subterms of the respective terms. Here we introduce reducibility constraints in superposition to enable a more expressive blocking mechanism for inferences. We show that our calculus remains (refutationally) complete and present redundancy notions. Our implementation in the theorem prover Vampire demonstrates a considerable reduction in the size of the search space when using our new calculus.
First-Order Automatic Literal Model Generation
Authors: Bromberger Martin , Krasnopol Florent , Möhle Sibylle , Weidenbach Christoph 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGiven a finite consistent set of ground literals, we present an algorithm that generates a complete first-order logic interpretation, i.e., an interpretation for all ground literals over the signature and not just those in the input set, that is also a model for the input set. The interpretation is represented by first-order linear literals. It can be effectively used to evaluate clauses. A particular application are SCL stuck states. The SCL (Simple Clause Learning) calculus always computes with respect to a finite number of ground literals. It then finds either a contradiction or a stuck state being a model with respect to the considered ground literals. Our algorithm builds a complete literal interpretation out of such a stuck state model that can then be used to evaluate the clause set. If all clauses are satisfied an overall model has been found. If it does not satisfy some clause, this information can be effectively explored to extend the scope of ground literals considered by SCL.
Nature of Bioscience
Authors: Dittmer Arne , Ehras Christina 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag wird die auf der Berliner Tagung „Biologiedidaktische Nature of Science-Forschung: Zukunftsweisende Praxis“ diskutierte Leitfrage Gibt es biologiespezifische Merkmale von Nature of Science, die in den Konzeptualisierungen besondere Berücksichtigung erfahren sollen? adressiert. Anhand von zwei Thesen wird für einen biologiespezifischen NOS-Ansatz argumentiert, der hier unter dem Titel Nature of Bioscience eingeführt wird. Beide Thesen nehmen Bezug auf die ethische Dimension der Biologie. These 1 hebt hervor, dass biologische Phänomene einen hohen Grad an Komplexität aufweisen, woraus auch ein hohes Maß an Diversität und Individualität resultiert. Damit einhergehend enthalten biologische Erklärungen oft Anteile an Nichtwissen und unsicherem Wissen. Ethische oder politische Entscheidungssituationen werden dadurch beeinflusst bzw. erschwert, sodass der Umgang mit Komplexität, Individualität und Wissenslücken in einem wissenschaftspropädeutisch bildenden Biologieunterricht Berücksichtigung finden sollte. These 2 bezieht sich auf den Einfluss biologischer Konzepte und Erklärungen auf das Selbst- und Weltverhältnis von Forschenden, Lehrenden und Lernenden, da biologische Erklärungen grundlegend ein Verständnis und die Bewertung von Lebewesen, Lebensprozessen, Naturräumen sowie des Menschen selbst beeinflussen. Biologische Forschung und Theorieentwicklung sind daher häufig auch mit ethischen Fragen und Wertzuschreibungen verknüpft. Die hier dargelegte Nature of Bioscience-Perspektive begründet einen aufmerksameren Umgang mit der Komplexität und Individualität biologischer Phänomene, Nichtwissen, unsicherem Wissen und ethischen Fragestellungen beim Lehren und Lernen biologischer Inhalte sowie auch in der Biologielehrkräftebildung.
Charakteristika der Biologie – Bio-NOS als ein Impuls für die Lehrkräftebildung
Authors: Müller Sophie-Luise , Mahler Daniela 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungAls angestrebtes Ziel des naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts setzt die von Schüler*innen zu erwerbende Scientific Literacy (SL) ein adäquates Verständnis des Wesens der Naturwissenschaften (Nature of Science [NOS]) voraus. Um SL im Sinne eines Wissenschaftsverständnisses fördern zu können, benötigen auch Lehrkräfte selbst ein adäquates NOS-Verständnis. Bekannte Konzeptualisierungen von SL haben als viel rezipierter Ansatz zu NOS-Aspektlisten geführt. Diese disziplinübergreifenden NOS-Aspekte vermitteln ein generalisierendes Bild der Naturwissenschaften. Um dem Anspruch einer funktionellen SL gerecht zu werden und stereotypen Auffassungen zur Natur der Naturwissenschaften entgegenzuwirken, ist einer generalisierenden Konzeptualisierung eine disziplinspezifische Perspektive gegenüberzustellen. Durch Überlegungen aus der Wissenschaftsphilosophie wird deutlich, dass die einzelnen Naturwissenschaften bestimmte Charakteristika aufweisen, die in einer disziplinspezifischen NOS-Konzeptualisierung repräsentiert sein können. In diesem Beitrag werden drei Charakteristika der Biologie für ein Bio-NOS vorgeschlagen, die Berechtigung eines disziplinspezifischen Bio-NOS für Biologielehrkräfte diskutiert sowie daraus resultierende Implikationen für die Lehrkräftebildung aufgeführt.
Mit Simulationen im Biologieunterricht das Verständnis von Nature of Science reflektieren und fördern
Authors: Heuckmann Benedikt , Lübke Britta 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn den Naturwissenschaften werden Computersimulationen verstärkt eingesetzt, um neue Erkenntnisse zu gewinnen und diese in die Öffentlichkeit zu kommunizieren. Auch in der Biologie gelten Simulationen neben Theorie und Empirie inzwischen als drittes Standbein der Wissenschaft. Im Beitrag wird argumentiert, dass sich Computersimulationen im Biologieunterricht auch zur Förderung des Verständnisses von Nature of Science (NOS) eignen. Dies ist besonders der Fall, wenn mit Simulationen komplexe naturwissenschaftliche Phänomene untersucht werden. Der Beitrag legt dafür ein spezifisches Augenmerk auf die Kombination unterschiedlicher Typen von Ungewissheit bei unterschiedlich komplexen Themen, die mithilfe des Cynefin-Frameworks konzeptualisiert werden, und betrachtet die Möglichkeiten, die Simulationen für die Auseinandersetzung mit Ungewissheit bieten.
Nature of Science im Kontext: Gestaltung von Lerngelegenheiten am Beispiel der Mystery-Methode
Authors: Fricke Kristina , Reinisch Bianca 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Beitrag werden biologiedidaktische Forschung und Unterrichtspraxis verknüpft, indem der Family Resemblance Approach für Nature of Science (NOS) als theoretischer Rahmen präsentiert und am historischen Fallbeispiel der Primatologin Dian Fossey (1932–1985) kontextualisiert wird. Dies wird anhand der Mystery-Methode dargestellt, bei der Schüler*innen eine problematische Aussage auflösen, indem sie auf Kärtchen dargestellte Informationen in Concept Maps strukturieren. Anhand eines bereits vorliegenden Mysterys zur Erkenntnisgewinnung in der Sekundarstufe II werden in diesem Beitrag Möglichkeiten zur Kontextualisierung von NOS-Lerngelegenheiten diskutiert. Es zeigt sich, dass für ein effektives Lernen über NOS einerseits die „innere Logik“ entsprechender Lerngelegenheiten (z. B. deduktive Vorgehensweise) und andererseits disziplinübergreifende und -spezifische NOS-Inhalte auf unterschiedliche Weise berücksichtigt werden können. Damit knüpft der Beitrag an den Round Table „Nature of Science in der Praxis“ an, in dem darüber reflektiert wurde, inwiefern unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten der Kontextualisierung von NOS-Lerngelegenheiten zu einem effektiven Lehren und Lernen über NOS in der naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichtspraxis beitragen können.
Subzero project: comparing trace element profiles of enriched mitochondria fractions from frozen and fresh liver tissue
Authors: Heinze Tom , Ebert Franziska , Ott Christiane , Nagel Judith , Eberhagen Carola , Zischka Hans , Schwerdtle Tanja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom organs to subcellular organelles, trace element (TE) homeostasis is fundamental for many physiological processes. While often overlooked in early stages, manifested TE disbalance can have severe health consequences, particularly in the context of aging or pathological conditions. Monitoring TE concentrations at the mitochondrial level could identify organelle-specific imbalances, contributing to targeted diagnostics and a healthier aging process. However, mitochondria isolation from frozen tissue is challenging, as it poses the risk of TE losses from the organelles due to cryodamage, but would significantly ease routine laboratory work. To address this, a novel method to isolate an enriched mitochondria fraction (EMF) from frozen tissue was adapted from already established protocols. Validation of manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) quantification via inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) showed sufficiently low quantification limits for EMF TE analysis. Successful mitochondrial enrichment from frozen liver samples was confirmed via immunoblots and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed sufficient structural integrity of the EMFs. No significant differences in EMF TEs between frozen and fresh tissue were evident for Mn and Cu and only slight decreases in EMF Fe. Consequently, EMF TEs were highly comparable for isolates from both tissue states. In application, this method effectively detected dietary differences in EMF Fe of a murine feeding study and identified the disease status in a Wilson disease rat model based on drastically increased EMF Cu. In summary, the present method is suitable for future applications, facilitating sample storage and high-throughput analyses of mitochondrial TEs.
Graphical abstract
Microbiome Dynamics and Functional Composition in Coelopa frigida (Diptera, Coelopidae): Insights into Trophic Specialization of Kelp Flies
Authors: Bischof Paul S. P. , Bartolomaeus Theda U. P. , Löber Ulrike , Bleidorn Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCoelopidae (Diptera), known as kelp flies, exhibit an ecological association with beached kelp and other rotting seaweeds. This unique trophic specialization necessitates significant adaptations to overcome the limitations of an algal diet. We aimed to investigate whether the flies’ microbiome could be one of these adaptive mechanisms. Our analysis focused on assessing composition and diversity of adult and larval microbiota of the kelp fly Coelopa frigida. Feeding habits of the larvae of this species have been subject of numerous studies, with debates whether they directly consume kelp or primarily feed on associated bacteria. By using a 16S rRNA metabarcoding approach, we found that the larval microbiota displayed considerably less diversity than adults, heavily dominated by only four operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Phylogenetic placement recovered the most dominant OTU of the larval microbiome, which is the source of more than half of all metabarcoding sequence reads, as an undescribed genus of Orbaceae (Gammaproteobacteria). Interestingly, this OTU is barely found among the 15 most abundant taxa of the adult microbiome, where it is responsible for less than 2% of the metabarcoding sequence reads. The other three OTUs dominating the larval microbiome have been assigned as Psychrobacter (Gammaproteobacteria), Wohlfahrtiimonas (Gammaproteobacteria), and Cetobacterium (Fusobacteriota). Moreover, we also uncovered a distinct shift in the functional composition between the larval and adult stages, where our taxonomic profiling suggests a significant decrease in functional diversity in larval samples. Our study offers insights into the microbiome dynamics and functional composition of Coelopa frigida.
Endophytic Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis: Novel paclitaxel production and optimization insights
Authors: Obiedallah Marwa , Yasien Alaa A. , Mohamed Sabah S. , Aboul-Nasr M. Bassam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the potential of endophytic fungi to produce paclitaxel (Taxol®), a potent anticancer compound widely employed in chemotherapy. This research aimed to identify, confirm, and characterize endophytic fungi capable of paclitaxel (PTX) production and assess their paclitaxel yield. Additionally, it aimed to investigate factors influencing paclitaxel production. A total of 100 endophytic fungal isolates were collected and identified from the roots of Artemisia judaica. Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis exhibited the highest PTX production (26.373 μg L−1) among the isolated endophytic fungi. The strain was identified as A. fumigatiaffinis (Accession No. PP235788.1). Molecular identification confirmed its novelty, representing the first report of PTX production by A. fumigatiaffinis, an endophyte of Artemisia judaica. Optimization through full factorial design of experiments (DOE) and response surface methodology (RSM) significantly enhanced PTX production to 110.23 μg L−1 from 1 g of dry weight of the fungal culture under optimal conditions of pH 8.0, 150 μg L−1 becozyme supplementation, and 18 days of fermentation in potato dextrose broth. The presence of paclitaxel was confirmed using thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. These findings maximize the role of endophytic fungus to produce a secondary metabolite that might be able to replace the chemically produced PTX and gives an opportunity to provide a sustainable source of PTX eco-friendly at high concentrations.

Key points
• Endophytic fungi, like A. fumigatiaffinis, show promise for eco-friendly paclitaxel production
• Optimization strategies boost paclitaxel yield significantly, reaching 110.23 μg L−1
• Molecular identification confirms novelty, offering a sustainable PTX source
Fibroblasts as an in vitro model of circadian genetic and genomic studies
Authors: Francia Marcelo , Bot Merel , Boltz Toni , De la Hoz Juan F. , Boks Marco , Kahn René S. , Ophoff Roel A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a heritable disorder characterized by shifts in mood that manifest in manic or depressive episodes. Clinical studies have identified abnormalities of the circadian system in BD patients as a hallmark of underlying pathophysiology. Fibroblasts are a well-established in vitro model for measuring circadian patterns. We set out to examine the underlying genetic architecture of circadian rhythm in fibroblasts, with the goal to assess its contribution to the polygenic nature of BD disease risk. We collected, from primary cell lines of 6 healthy individuals, temporal genomic features over a 48 h period from transcriptomic data (RNA-seq) and open chromatin data (ATAC-seq). The RNA-seq data showed that only a limited number of genes, primarily the known core clock genes such as ARNTL, CRY1, PER3, NR1D2 and TEF display circadian patterns of expression consistently across cell cultures. The ATAC-seq data identified that distinct transcription factor families, like those with the basic helix-loop-helix motif, were associated with regions that were increasing in accessibility over time. Whereas known glucocorticoid receptor target motifs were identified in those regions that were decreasing in accessibility. Further evaluation of these regions using stratified linkage disequilibrium score regression analysis failed to identify a significant presence of them in the known genetic architecture of BD, and other psychiatric disorders or neurobehavioral traits in which the circadian rhythm is affected. In this study, we characterize the biological pathways that are activated in this in vitro circadian model, evaluating the relevance of these processes in the context of the genetic architecture of BD and other disorders, highlighting its limitations and future applications for circadian genomic studies.
Historical and future extreme climate events in highly vulnerable small Caribbean Islands
Authors: Esteban-Cantillo Oscar Julian , Clerici Nicola , Avila-Diaz Alvaro , Quesada Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSmall Caribbean islands are on the frontline of climate change because of sea level rise, extreme rainfall and temperature events, and heavy hurricanes. The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina (SAI), are Caribbean islands belonging to Colombia and declared a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO. SAI is highly vulnerable to climate change impacts but no hydroclimatological study quantified the extreme climatic changes yet. This study analyzes historical (1960s-2020, 7 stations) and future (2071–2100, CMIP6 multi-model ensemble, for four scenarios: SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) trends in mean and extreme precipitation and temperature duration, frequency, and intensity. We find that heatwaves have more than tripled in frequency and doubled their maximum duration since the end of the ‘80 s. Precipitation is historically reduced by 5%, with a reduction recorded in 5 stations and an increase in 2, while extreme rainfall events significantly increased in frequency and intensity in most stations. The hotter-and-drier climate is amplified in the future for all scenarios, with much drier extremes (e.g., -0.5─-17% wet days, +8%─30% consecutive dry days, and +60%─89% in hot days). Although we show that hurricanes Categories IV and V near SAI (< 600 km) more than doubled since the’60 s, only a small fraction of extreme rainfall in the archipelago is associated with hurricanes or tropical storms. La Niña events also have no substantial influence on extreme precipitation. Interestingly, opposite and heterogeneous historical extreme rainfall trends are found across such small territory (< 30 km2). Thus, downscaled hydrometeorological data and model simulations are essential to investigate future extreme climatic events and strengthen small Caribbean islands' climate change adaptation efforts.
Burden of oral diseases predicts development of excess weight in early adolescence: a 2-year longitudinal study
Authors: Lommi Sohvi , Leinonen Jukka , Pussinen Pirkko , Furuholm Jussi , Kolho Kaija-Leena , Viljakainen Heli 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDental caries, gingivitis, and excess weight are highly prevalent, interconnected chronic conditions. The association of oral health with the development of adiposity among children is sparsely addressed. We examined the association of oral health to the development of excess weight and central obesity in early adolescence during a 2-year follow-up period. This prospective study was conducted with 2702 children aged 9–12 years at baseline from the Finnish Health in Teens study. Their weight development was followed up for 2 years. Body mass index with age- and sex-specific cut-offs and the waist–height ratio indicated weight status and central obesity. Oral health data (caries experience and gingivitis/calculus) were collected from outpatient records of public dental services. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus was considered burden of oral diseases. Of the sample, 74% were caries-free but 70% exhibited gingivitis and/or calculus, and 20% had both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus. During the follow-up period, 5.3% (n = 124) and 4.7% (n = 118) of the children became overweight/obese or centrally obese, respectively. Having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus associated with the development of excess weight in a fully adjusted model (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.03–2.97) but not of central obesity. Caries experience or gingivitis/calculus alone did not associate with adiposity development.Conclusion: Having burden of oral diseases without excess weight at early adolescence could imply future weight gain; thus, normal-weight individuals with both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus could be targeted with preventive measures. Our findings warrant further research to explore whether oral diseases and the development of obesity merely share risk factors or if their relationship is of causal nature.

What is Known:• Association of excess weight with caries experience and gingivitis is known to exist both cross-sectionally and longitudinally in children and adolescents.

What is New:• Burden of oral diseases, that is, having both caries experience and gingivitis/calculus, was associated with becoming overweight or obese 2 years later during early adolescence.• Normal-weight individuals with burden of oral diseases at early adolescence could be targeted with preventive measures against excess weight gain.
A stabilised Total Lagrangian Element-Free Galerkin method for transient nonlinear solid dynamics
Authors: Badnava Hojjat , Lee Chun Hean , Nourbakhsh Sayed Hassan , Refachinho de Campos Paulo Roberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a new stabilised Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) method tailored for large strain transient solid dynamics. The method employs a mixed formulation that combines the Total Lagrangian conservation laws for linear momentum with an additional set of geometric strain measures. The main aim of this paper is to adapt the well-established Streamline Upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) stabilisation methodology to the context of EFG, presenting three key contributions. Firstly, a variational consistent EFG computational framework is introduced, emphasising behaviours associated with nearly incompressible materials. Secondly, the suppression of non-physical numerical artefacts, such as zero-energy modes and locking, through a well-established stabilisation procedure. Thirdly, the stability of the SUPG formulation is demonstrated using the time rate of Hamiltonian of the system, ensuring non-negative entropy production throughout the entire simulation. To assess the stability, robustness and performance of the proposed algorithm, several benchmark examples in the context of isothermal hyperelasticity and large strain plasticity are examined. Results show that the proposed algorithm effectively addresses spurious modes, including hour-glassing and spurious pressure fluctuations commonly observed in classical displacement-based EFG frameworks.
Optimal time reuse strategy-based dynamic multi-AGV path planning method
Authors: Wang Ke , Liang Wei , Shi Huaguang , Zhang Jialin , Wang Qi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe window strategy, known for its flexibility and efficiency, is extensively used in dynamic path planning. To further enhance the performance of the Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) sorting system, the two processes of AGV movement and path planning can be executed concurrently based on the window strategy. Nonetheless, difficulties in matching the computing time of the planning server with the moving time of AGVs may cause delays or reduced path optimality. To address the problem, this paper proposes an optimal time reuse strategy. The proposed solution controls computing time by managing path length for each planning instance, ensuring alignment with the moving time of AGVs to maximize path optimality and avoid delays. To achieve this, two aspects need to be considered. Firstly, on a systemic level, we control the entry rate of AGVs by adjusting the replanning period, thus avoiding congestion caused by excessive AGVs and maintaining high system efficiency. Secondly, we reversely control the computing time by adjusting the path length that needs to be planned for each single planning, so that it matches the moving time of AGVs. Simulation results show that our method outperforms existing top-performing methods, achieving task completion rates 1.64, 1.57, and 1.12 times faster across various map sizes. This indicates its effectiveness in synchronizing planning and movement times. The method contributes significantly to dynamic path planning methodologies, offering a novel approach to time management in AGV systems.