bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient synthesis of L-lactic acid from glycerol by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Mazumdar Suman , Blankschien Matthew D , Clomburg James M , Gonzalez Ramon 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Due to its abundance and low-price, glycerol has become an attractive carbon source for the industrial production of value-added fuels and chemicals. This work reports the engineering of E. coli for the efficient conversion of glycerol into L-lactic acid (L-lactate).

Results

Escherichia coli strains have previously been metabolically engineered for the microaerobic production of D-lactic acid from glycerol in defined media by disrupting genes that minimize the synthesis of succinate, acetate, and ethanol, and also overexpressing the respiratory route of glycerol dissimilation (GlpK/GlpD). Here, further rounds of rationale design were performed on these strains for the homofermentative production of L-lactate, not normally produced in E. coli. Specifically, L-lactate production was enabled by: 1), replacing the native D-lactate specific dehydrogenase with Streptococcus bovis L-lactate dehydrogenase (L-LDH), 2) blocking the methylglyoxal bypass pathways to avoid the synthesis of a racemic mixture of D- and L-lactate and prevent the accumulation of toxic intermediate, methylglyoxal, and 3) the native aerobic L-lactate dehydrogenase was blocked to prevent the undesired utilization of L-lactate. The engineered strain produced 50 g/L of L-lactate from 56 g/L of crude glycerol at a yield 93% of the theoretical maximum and with high optical (99.9%) and chemical (97%) purity.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the efficient conversion of glycerol to L-lactate, a microbial process that had not been reported in the literature prior to our work. The engineered biocatalysts produced L-lactate from crude glycerol in defined minimal salts medium at high chemical and optical purity.
Liposarcoma of the spermatic cord mimicking a left inguinal hernia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Li Fubiao , Tian Runhui , Yin Changjiu , Dai Xiaofan , Wang Hongliang , Xu Ning , Guo Kaimin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLiposarcoma of the spermatic cord (LSC) is a rare condition characterized by a painless inguinal or scrotal mass. To our knowledge, only about 200 cases have been previously reported in the literature. These tumors are often mistaken for common scrotal swellings, such as hydroceles and hernias. We present a LSC case in which a definitive diagnosis was obtained upon histological examination. We also provide a literature review of other cases that have been reported.
Ozone oxidation of antidepressants in wastewater –Treatment evaluation and characterization of new by-products by LC-QToFMS
Authors: Lajeunesse André , Blais Mireille , Barbeau Benoît , Sauvé Sébastien , Gagnon Christian 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The fate of 14 antidepressants along with their respective N-desmethyl metabolites and the anticonvulsive drug carbamazepine was examined in a primary sewage treatment plant (STP) and following advanced treatments with ozone (O3). The concentrations of each pharmaceutical compound were determined in raw sewage, effluent and sewage sludge samples by LC-MS/MS analysis. The occurrence of antidepressant by-products formed in treated effluent after ozonation was also investigated.

Results
Current primary treatments using physical and chemical processes removed little of the compounds (mean removal efficiency: 19%). Experimental sorption coefficients (Kd) of each studied compounds were also calculated. Sorption of venlafaxine, desmethylvenlafaxine, and carbamazepine on sludge was assumed to be negligible (log Kd ≤ 2), but higher sorption behavior can be expected for sertraline (log Kd ≥ 4). Ozonation treatment with O3 (5 mg/L) led to a satisfactory mean removal efficiency of 88% of the compounds. Screening of the final ozone-treated effluent samples by high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-QqToFMS) did confirm the presence of related N-oxide by-products.

Conclusion
Effluent ozonation led to higher mean removal efficiencies than current primary treatment, and therefore represented a promising strategy for the elimination of antidepressants in urban wastewaters. However, the use of O3 produced by-products with unknown toxicity.
Cofactor engineering through heterologous expression of an NADH oxidase and its impact on metabolic flux redistribution in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ji Xiao-Jun , Xia Zhi-Fang , Fu Ning-Hua , Nie Zhi-Kui , Shen Meng-Qiu , Tian Qian-Qian , Huang He 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Acetoin is an important bio-based platform chemical. However, it is usually existed as a minor byproduct of 2,3-butanediol fermentation in bacteria.

Results
The present study reports introducing an exogenous NAD+ regeneration sysytem into a 2,3-butanediol producing strain Klebsiella pneumoniae to increse the accumulation of acetoin. Batch fermentation suggested that heterologous expression of the NADH oxidase in K. pneumoniae resulted in large decreases in the intracellular NADH concentration (1.4 fold) and NADH/NAD+ ratio (2.0 fold). Metabolic flux analysis revealed that fluxes to acetoin and acetic acid were enhanced, whereas, production of lactic acid and ethanol were decreased, with the accumualation of 2,3-butanediol nearly unaltered. By fed-batch culture of the recombinant, the highest reported acetoin production level (25.9 g/L) by Klebsiella species was obtained.

Conclusions
The present study indicates that microbial production of acetoin could be improved by decreasing the intracellular NADH/NAD+ ratio in K. pneumoniae. It demonstrated that the cofactor engineering method, which is by manipulating the level of intracellular cofactors to redirect cellular metabolism, could be employed to achieve a high efficiency of producing the NAD+-dependent microbial metabolite.
Morphologic and Immunocytochemical Performances of Effusion Cell Blocks Prepared Using 3 Different Methods
Authors: Jing Xin , Li Qing Kay , Bedrossian Ursula , Michael Claire W. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
With increased use of the ThinPrep method for nongynecologic specimens, cell blocks are more commonly prepared by harvesting cells that are fixed in CytoLyt solution. The current study compared morphologic and immunocytochemical performance of effusion cell blocks prepared using CytoLyt-prefixed thrombin clot (CTC) with plasma thrombin clot (PT) and HistoGel (HG) preparation. The study included a total of 25 malignant or benign serous fluids. Three individual cell block materials were simultaneously prepared from each of the 25 effusion specimens using the CTC, PT, or HG method. H&E staining and immunostaining for pancytokeratin (pan-CK), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), B72.3, HBME-1, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), CD45, CD20, and CD3 were then performed. The CTC preparation revealed compatible cellularity and good cellular details. In addition, CTC cell blocks revealed a similar percentage of cells with positive immunostaining along with the strongest intensity and the least background staining. The CTC method can be used reliably as an adjunct to other preparation techniques.
Crystal structure of 2-(1-oxoisoindolin-2-yl)acetic acid, C10H9NO3
Authors: Huang Xiao-Hui 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C10H9NO3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.7343(9) Å, b = 10.163(1) Å, c = 9.992(1) Å, β = 97.986(2)°, V = 878.3 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0381, wRref(F2) = 0.1071, T = 273 K.
Impact of Admission Glycemic Variability, Glucose, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin on Major Adverse Cardiac Events After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Su Gong , Mi Shu-hua , Tao Hong , Li Zhao , Yang Hong-Xia , Zheng Hong , Zhou Yun , Tian Lei 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
Dysglycemia is associated with poorer prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether admission glycemic variability (GV) has important value in prognosis of AMI patients is still unknown. The aim of the study is to investigate the prognostic value of admission GV, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in AMI patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We measured blood glucose, HbA1c, and GV on admission in 222 consecutive patients with diagnosed AMI. GV, indicated as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), was determined by a continuous glucose monitoring system. MAGE was categorized as ≥3.9 or &lt;3.9 mmol/L, admission glucose as ≥8.61 or &lt;8.61 mmol/L, and HbA1c as ≥6.5 or &lt;6.5%. Participants were followed up prospectively for 12 months. The relationship of admission MAGE, glucose, and HbA1c to the major adverse cardiac event (MACE) of AMI patients was analyzed.

RESULTS
In 222 enrolled patients with AMI, the rate of MACE by MAGE category (&lt;3.9 or ≥3.9 mmol/L) was 8.4 and 24.1%, respectively (P = 0.001), by admission glucose category (&lt;8.61 or ≥8.61 mmol/L) was 10.1 and 21.6%, respectively (P = 0.020), and by HbA1c category (&lt;6.5 vs. ≥6.5%) was 10.7 versus 18.7%, respectively (P = 0.091). In multivariate analysis, high MAGE level was significantly associated with incidence of MACE (hazard ratio 2.419 [95% CI 1.273–9.100]; P = 0.017) even after adjusting for Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score, but admission glucose and HbA1c was not.

CONCLUSIONS
Elevated admission GV appears more important than admission glucose and prior long-term abnormal glycometabolic status in predicting 1-year MACE in patients with AMI.
Are Sportsmen Willing to Practice Sports during their Holidays? The Case of Sports Faculty Students in France
Authors: Abdourazakou Yann , Penel Guillaume , Masson Philippe 
Published: January 2013

Abstract The study was conducted in northern France at the sport management department at the University of Lille. It attempts to highlight the type of summer vacation of its students. Previous studies have shown the modalities of mobility (Urry, 2000; Seewer, 2004). Although models exist to explain destination choice, many of these have limitations, including the assumption of a rational consumer and a focus on the functional attributes of travel and tourism (Lewis, Kerr, & Pomering, 2010). However, few studies handle the behavior of consumption of students during their holidays, especially the sports students. In making their travel decisions, consumers assess the attractiveness of a destination (Sirakaya et al., 2001). Positive associations with a destination increase the likelihood of selection (Woodside & Lyson-ski, 1989). The main hypothesis concerned the type of sports that students were engaged while on vacation. That is, we postulated that students also practiced sport during their vacation time. The second hypothesis concerned the mobility that these students should be accustomed to in order to travel in competitions abroad or at least away from home. The study was conducted in a quantitative manner, with questionnaires (N=451). The main results are based on 451 Physical Education (PE) students from the area of Lille, France, who participated in this study. In this population, 55.2% were single, 44.8% were married or in a relationship (10.2% had children). Initial results show that the average household income per month is about EUR 2,500; over 74% of them go on holiday for two weeks, on average. These students are coming from wealthy families. When they say that they are “going on vacation”, a majority of them (68.7%) indicate that the main reason is to relax. Contrary to the announced hypothesis, few PE students (4.9%) wish to practice physical activities during the holiday. Independently, we noticed that a majority of student (79.5%) preferred a single destination when the purpose was to make cultural trips (51.5%). However, the question of the budget remains an issue and they favor (78%) being hosted in the cheapest accommodations. For instance, the accommodations concerned are mostly camping or holiday villages. These findings can be interesting to satisfy this kind of demand and help providers build better strategies.
Fusion rates in multilevel, instrumented anterior cervical fusion for degenerative disease with and without the use of bone morphogenetic protein
Authors: Frenkel Mark B. , Cahill Kevin S. , Javahary Ramin J. , Zacur George , Green Barth A. , Levi Allan D. 
Published: January 2013

Object
The goal of this study was to compare the rates of solid arthrodesis and complications following multilevel, instrumented anterior cervical fusion in patients treated with and without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP).

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent multilevel (2+ level) anterior cervical fusions performed for degenerative disc disease with or without the concurrent use of BMP-2 from 1997 to 2012. The dosage throughout the study ranged from 2.1 to 0.26 mg/level (mean 1.0 mg/level). All patients were evaluated postoperatively by means of radiographs and CT scans to determine fusion status.

Results
The overall fusion rate for the patients treated without BMP (n = 23) was 82.6% compared with a 100% fusion rate in the group treated with BMP (n = 22) (p = 0.04). The pseudarthrosis rates increased with number of fusion levels in patients who did not receive BMP, whereas all patients in the group treated with BMP had solid arthrodesis. Furthermore, there were 2 instrumentation failures in the non-BMP group. There was a direct correlation between the incidence of complications and the dosage of BMP used per level, with no complications reported at doses equal to or less than 1.1 mg/level.

Conclusions
The overall rate of bony arthrodesis was increased following the use of BMP in multilevel anterior cervical fusion. Traditional methods without BMP had a high rate of pseudarthrosis. The complications associated with the use of BMP appeared to be dose related and of low incidence when BMP is used in doses equal to or less than 1.1 mg/level.
Cancer statistics for African Americans, 2013
Authors: DeSantis Carol , Naishadham Deepa , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for African Americans and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and screening prevalence based upon incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. It is estimated that 176,620 new cases of cancer and 64,880 deaths will occur among African Americans in 2013. From 2000 to 2009, the overall cancer death rate among males declined faster among African Americans than whites (2.4% vs 1.7% per year), but among females, the rate of decline was similar (1.5% vs 1.4% per year, respectively). The decrease in cancer death rates among African American males was the largest of any racial or ethnic group. The reduction in overall cancer death rates since 1990 in men and 1991 in women translates to the avoidance of nearly 200,000 deaths from cancer among African Americans. Five‐year relative survival is lower for African Americans than whites for most cancers at each stage of diagnosis. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors remains an active area of research. Overall, progress in reducing cancer death rates has been made, although more can and should be done to accelerate this progress through ensuring equitable access to cancer prevention, early detection, and state‐of‐the‐art treatments. CA Cancer J Clin 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Polymer Nanoreactors
Authors: Edlinger Christoph , Zhang Xiaoyan , Fischer‐Onaca Ozana , Palivan Cornelia G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article introduces protein–polymer systems that serve as chemical reaction spaces at the nanoscale. Such polymeric nanoreactors accommodate enzymatic reactions either inside polymer supramolecular assemblies or at their interfaces with the environment, or through a combination of both. We provide an overview of polymer structures that include micelles, vesicles (primarily polymersomes, but also PICsomes and peptosomes), dendrimers, layer‐by‐layer capsules, and capsids—all of which can accommodate sensitive biomolecules to mimic natural systems and functions. This article further deals with the functionalization of polymer membranes and the analytical techniques that apply to nanoreactors. In the last section, we highlight the most relevant applications of such polymeric nanoreactors in the domains of medicine, ecology, and biotechnology.
Direct Synthesis of Imines via Solid State Reactions of Carbamates with Aldehydes
Authors: Lee Byeongno , Lee Kyu Hyung , Lim Byung Wook , Cho Jaeheung , Nam Wonwoo , Hur Nam Hwi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractVarious solid carbamates were prepared from the reactions of liquid amines with carbon dioxide in an autoclave and these carbamates were used as stable, efficient alternatives for toxic liquid amines. Solid‐state grinding of carbamates and aldehydes, using a mortar and pestle, produced imines as the sole products in greater than 97% yields. Complete conversions were generally accomplished within a day at 25 °C without using solvents or additives. Reaction rates were drastically enhanced upon increasing the reaction temperature. In contrast, reactions of aldehydes with liquid amines in the presence of solvent or in neat conditions afforded imines in moderate yields along with by‐products.
Heterogeneous Bifunctional Catalytic, Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Enantioselective Cascade Inverse Electron Demand Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Jiang Xianxing , Zhu Hao , Shi Xiaomei , Zhong Yuan , Li Yanfeng , Wang Rui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe present a bifunctional catalytic, chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselective inverse electron demand Diels–Alder reaction (IEDDAR) cascade of a variety of methylenebut‐3‐enoates with azlactones at high levels of yield and enantioselectivity (up to 99% yield, and >99% ee) via a dual HOMOdienophiles and LUMOdienes activated pathway using a heterogeneous catalytic system. Meanwhile, a novel MNPs‐supported chiral thiourea was developed for economical and environment‐friendly purposes. The catalyst can be conveniently recycled and reused for 10 runs with only a slight loss of yield and enantioselectivity.
Synthese fluorierter Bausteine durch Übergangsmetall‐vermittelte Hydrodefluorierungsreaktionen
Authors: Kuehnel Moritz F. , Lentz Dieter , Braun Thomas 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDie Aktivierung und Funktionalisierung von Kohlenstoff‐Fluor‐Bindungen ist eine der großen Herausforderungen für die metallorganische Chemie. Der steigende Bedarf an Wegen zur Einführung von Fluor in neue Materialien und biologisch aktive Moleküle hat die Entwicklung verschiedener Synthesestrategien inspiriert. Die Hydrodefluorierung wird als vielversprechender Ansatz angesehen, um teilfluorierte Bausteine aus leicht verfügbaren perfluorierten Basischemikalien zu gewinnen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst Aspekte zur Hydrodefluorierung mithilfe Übergangsmetall‐basierter Komplexe und Katalysatoren zusammen und legt dabei besonderes Augenmerk auf die zugrundeliegenden mechanistischen Muster und deren Einfluss auf Anwendungsbreite und Selektivität des jeweiligen Systems. Darüber hinaus werden Anstöße für eine künftige Weiterentwicklung dieses Forschungsgebietes gegeben.
Preparation of low‐allergen natural rubber latex by transglutaminase catalysis
Authors: Sun Jinyu , Tian Xiaohui , Feng Ping , Gong ShuTing , Yuan Yizhong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe technique of enzyme treatment on the water‐soluble proteins and mechanical properties of natural rubber latex (NRL) films was studied. The main aim was to introduce an enzymic catalysis method to tackle the protein allergy problem in NRL product. The suitable pH value, the temperature, and the best proportion of transglutaminase to deal with NRL were found. The protein spillage of modified NRL films was greatly lower than that of unmodified NRL, and the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the modified NRL films almost had been scarcely changed. The compactness of the NRL films was improved simultaneously. These suggest that the modified NRL can be used as a kind of latex with low‐allergy personal barrier products such as surgical gloves. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Systematic review and meta-analysis of laparoscopic versus open colectomy with end ileostomy for non-toxic colitis
Authors: Bartels S A L , Gardenbroek T J , Ubbink D T , Buskens C J , Tanis P J , Bemelman W A 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
This review compared short-term outcomes after laparoscopic versus open subtotal colectomy for acute, colitis medically refractory.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was carried out using MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane databases. Overall study quality was assessed by the modified Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS). Meta-analysis was performed for conversion, reoperation, wound infection, ileus, gastrointestinal bleeding, intra-abdominal abscess, postoperative length of stay and mortality.

Results
The search identified nine non-randomized studies: six cohort studies and three case-matched series, comprising 966 patients in total. The pooled conversion rate was 5·5 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 3·6 to 8·4) per cent in the laparoscopic group. The pooled risk ratio of wound infection was 0·60 (95 per cent c.i. 0·38 to 0·95; P = 0·03) and that of intra-abdominal abscess was 0·27 (0·08 to 0·91; P = 0·04), both in favour of laparoscopic surgery. Pooled risk ratios for other complications showed no significant differences. Length of stay was significantly shorter after laparoscopic subtotal colectomy, with a pooled mean difference of 3·17 (95 per cent c.i. 2·37 to 3·98) days (P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Where the procedure can be completed laparoscopically, there may be short-term benefits over open colectomy for colitis. These results cannot be generalized to critically ill patients in need of an emergency subtotal colectomy.
Adverse postoperative outcomes in surgical patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Chang C C , Chang H C , Wu C H , Chang C Y , Liao C C , Chen T L 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPatients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are likely to have various medical co-morbidities, yet their global features regarding adverse postoperative outcomes and use of medical resources when undergoing major surgery are unknown. The objective of this study was to validate whether ITP is an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes, and to explore the potential clinical predictors of outcomes after major surgery among patients with ITP.MethodsA retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, controlling for preoperative co-morbidities by means of multiple logistic regression. Major postoperative complication and mortality rates, and in-hospital medical costs were analysed.ResultsThe study included 11 085 surgical patients with ITP and 44 340 controls without ITP matched for sex, age, and type of surgery and anaesthesia. Surgical patients with ITP had a higher risk of postoperative death (odds ratio (OR) 1·89, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·57 to 2·27), and overall postoperative complications (OR 1·47, 1·39 to 1·56), and increased hospital stay (OR 1·90, 1·80 to 2·01), admission to the intensive care unit (OR 1·73, 1·63 to 1·83) and medical costs (OR 1·89, 1·79 to 1·99). Amount of preoperative platelet and/or red blood cell transfusion, emergency visits and admission to hospital for ITP care were identified as risk factors for adverse postoperative outcomes.ConclusionPatients with ITP undergoing surgery are at increased risk of adverse perioperative events, particularly if blood or blood product transfusion are required preoperatively, or the procedure is done as an emergency.