bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wissen über humane Papillomaviren unter Studierenden in Deutschland: eine Querschnittstudie belegt dringenden Handlungsbedarf
Authors: Aksoy Cem , Schneidewind Laila , Butea-Bocu Marius , Reimold Philipp , Schönburg Sandra , Huber Johannes , Alexa Radu , Saar Matthias , Kranz Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Humane Papillomaviren (HPV) zählen zu den häufigsten durch Intimkontakte übertragenen Erregern und verursachen viele gut- und bösartige Erkrankungen. Eine Impfung gegen diese Viren schützt sehr sicher vor diesen Erkrankungen. Trotz einer durch die Ständige Impfkommission (STIKO) empfohlenen HPV-Impfung sind das Wissen und die Impfrate in Deutschland sehr niedrig. Ziel der Studie war es daher, das HPV-Wissen unter deutschen Studierenden zu erheben.

Material und Methoden
Zwischen 06/2019 und 01/2024 wurde eine deutschlandweite Online-Umfrage über den HPV-Wissensstand unter Studierenden über die jeweiligen Fachschaften verteilt. Die Umfrage beinhaltete 2 Aspekte: 1) Grundcharakteristika der Teilnehmer und 2) Wissensfragen über HPV (z. B. Übertragungswege, Effektivität und Nebenwirkungen der Impfung, Wissen über die HPV-Subtypen). Die Datenerhebung erfolgte anonym.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt haben 459 Studierende an der Studie teilgenommen. Hiervon waren 335 (72,98 %) Frauen, 122 (26,57 %) Männer und 2 (0,45 %) haben keine Angabe über ihr Geschlecht gemacht. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 24,02 Jahre und die meisten Teilnehmer befanden sich im 6. (23,31 %/n = 107) Semester. 75,82 % (n = 348) der Teilnehmer waren Medizinstudierende und am zweithäufigsten mit 19,61 % (n = 90) nahmen Studierende der Rechtswissenschaften teil. Der häufigste vertretene Studienort war Aachen mit 270 (58,82 %) Teilnehmern. Nur die Hälfte (48,80 %/n = 223) der Studierenden wusste, dass jährlich ca. 8000 neue Krebserkrankungen in Deutschland HPV-assoziiert sind. Bezüglich der HPV-Impfung wusste mehr als ein Drittel (35,82 %/n = 163) der Teilnehmer nicht, dass diese auch vor Genitalwarzen schützt, während 21,93 % (n = 100) der Teilnehmer nicht wussten, dass von der HPV-Impfung auch Jungen profitieren können und diese nicht nur vor Gebärmutterhalskrebs schützt.

Diskussion
Trotz mehrjähriger HPV-Impfempfehlung durch die STIKO ist das Wissen über HPV unter Studierenden weiterhin sehr gering. Es bedarf zur Behebung der HPV-Wissenslücken weiterer Prävention- und Aufklärungsarbeit mit dem zusätzlichen Ziel, die HPV-Impfrate zu verbessern.
Comparative case study on NAMs: towards enhancing specific target organ toxicity analysis
Authors: Jochum Kristina , Miccoli Andrea , Sommersdorf Cornelia , Poetz Oliver , Braeuning Albert , Tralau Tewes , Marx-Stoelting Philip 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTraditional risk assessment methodologies in toxicology have relied upon animal testing, despite concerns regarding interspecies consistency, reproducibility, costs, and ethics. New Approach Methodologies (NAMs), including cell culture and multi-level omics analyses, hold promise by providing mechanistic information rather than assessing organ pathology. However, NAMs face limitations, like lacking a whole organism and restricted toxicokinetic interactions. This is an inherent challenge when it comes to the use of omics data from in vitro studies for the prediction of organ toxicity in vivo. One solution in this context are comparative in vitro–in vivo studies as they allow for a more detailed assessment of the transferability of the respective NAM data. Hence, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic pesticide active substances were tested in human cell lines and the results subsequently related to the biology underlying established effects in vivo. To this end, substances were tested in HepaRG and RPTEC/tERT1 cells at non-cytotoxic concentrations and analyzed for effects on the transcriptome and parts of the proteome using quantitative real-time PCR arrays and multiplexed microsphere-based sandwich immunoassays, respectively. Transcriptomics data were analyzed using three bioinformatics tools. Where possible, in vitro endpoints were connected to in vivo observations. Targeted protein analysis revealed various affected pathways, with generally fewer effects present in RPTEC/tERT1. The strongest transcriptional impact was observed for Chlorotoluron in HepaRG cells (increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression). A comprehensive comparison of early cellular responses with data from in vivo studies revealed that transcriptomics outperformed targeted protein analysis, correctly predicting up to 50% of in vivo effects.
Methanogenesis coupled hydrocarbon biodegradation enhanced by ferric and sulphate ions
Authors: Laczi Krisztián , Bodor Attila , Kovács Tamás , Magyar Balázs , Perei Katalin , Rákhely Gábor 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bioremediation provides an environmentally sound solution for hydrocarbon removal. Although bioremediation under anoxic conditions is slow, it can be coupled with methanogenesis and is suitable for energy recovery. By altering conditions and supplementing alternative terminal electron acceptors to the system to induce syntrophic partners of the methanogens, this process can be enhanced. In this study, we investigated a hydrocarbon-degrading microbial community derived from chronically contaminated soil. Various hydrocarbon mixtures were used during our experiments in the presence of different electron acceptors. In addition, we performed whole metagenome sequencing to identify the main actors of hydrocarbon biodegradation in the samples. Our results showed that the addition of ferric ions or sulphate increased the methane yield. Furthermore, the addition of CO2, ferric ion or sulphate enhanced the biodegradation of alkanes. A significant increase in biodegradation was observed in the presence of ferric ions or sulphate in the case of all aromatic components, while naphthalene and phenanthrene degradation was also enhanced by CO2. Metagenome analysis revealed that Cellulomonas sp. is the most abundant in the presence of alkanes, while Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium spp. are prevalent in aromatics-supplemented samples. From the recovery of 25 genomes, it was concluded that the main pathway of hydrocarbon activation was fumarate addition in both Cellulomonas, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium. Chloroflexota bacteria can utilise the central metabolites of aromatics biodegradation via ATP-independent benzoyl-CoA reduction.

Key points
• Methanogenesis and hydrocarbon biodegradation were enhanced by Fe3+ or SO42−
• Cellulomonas, Ruminococcus and Faecalibacterium can be candidates for the main hydrocarbon degraders
• Chloroflexota bacteria can utilise the central metabolites of aromatics degradation

Graphical Abstract
Recommendations for strain elastography of the uterine cervix
Authors: Thomsen Christine Rohr , Jensen Maria Strandbo Schmidt , Bor Pinar , Hinge Mogens , Sandager Puk , Uldbjerg Niels 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Conventional vaginal strain ultrasound elastography, not based on shear-wave elastography imaging, can assess the biomechanical properties of the uterine cervix. This assessment may inform the risks of preterm birth and failed induction of labor. However, there is considerable variation in the approaches to strain elastography, including the placement of the region of interest (ROI). Therefore, our aim was to provide recommendations for cervical elastography.

Methods
We conducted a literature review on (1) elastography principles, and (2) the cervical anatomy. Subsequently, we performed elastography scanning using a Voluson™ E10 Expert scanner with the BT18 software of (3) polyacrylamide hydrogel simulators, and (4) pregnant women.

Results
Increasing the distance between the ROI and probe led to a decrease in the obtained strain value; a 53% decrease was observed at 17.5 mm. Similarly, an increased angle between the ROI and probe-centerline resulted in a 59% decrease for 40° angle. Interposition of soft tissue (e.g., cervical canal) between the ROI and the probe induced an artifact with values from the posterior lip being 54% lower than those from the anterior lip, even after adjusting for probe-ROI distance. Equipment and the recording conductance significantly influenced the results.

Conclusion
Our findings inform recommendations for future studies on strain cervical elastography.
Dynamic change of acetabular component position in total hip arthroplasty based on the spinopelvic classification: a prospective radiographic study
Authors: Hagiwara Shigeo , Kawarai Yuya , Nakamura Junichi , Shiko Yuki , Hirasawa Rui , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Recent studies have proposed optimizing the position of the acetabular component based on spinal deformity and stiffness classification to avoid mechanical complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to characterize the dynamic changes in cup alignment post-THA based on the spinopelvic classification and to evaluate the efficacy of cup placement of preventing dislocation.

Methods
This prospective study included a total of 169 consecutive patients awaiting THA who were classified into four groups based on spinal deformity (pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis) and spinal stiffness (change in sacral slope from the standing to seated positions). The cups were aligned based on the group with fluoroscopy. Additionally, postoperative radiographic inclination (RI), radiographic anteversion (RA) in standard anteroposterior radiograph, and lateral anteinclination (AI) in sitting and standing positions were measured. The cumulative incidence of dislocation was evaluated at a follow-up two years post-THA.

Result
RA was significantly greater in the group with normal spine alignment and stiff spine than in other groups (P = 0.0006), and AI in the sitting position was lower than in other groups (P = 0.012). Standing AI did not significantly differ between the groups. One posterior dislocation occurred during the study period (0.6%).

Conclusion
AI in the sitting position was lower in patients with normal spinal alignment and stiff spine despite larger RA in the standard anteroposterior radiographs. Consequently, with more anteversion in the normal spinal alignment and stiff spine group, spinopelvic parameters can help guide cup placement to prevent short-term dislocation post-THA.
Polypropylene vs. stainless-steel wire suture: short-term recurrence rate after shouldice primary inguinal hernia repair, a non-inferior analysis among 1120 patients. A case–control study
Authors: Paasch Christoph , Mainprize Marguerite , Hunger Richard , Netto Fernando A C Spencer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Polypropylene material is commonly used for posterior wall reconstruction in hernia repair, in contrast with the classically described stainless-steel wire used at Shouldice Hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate possible differences in Shouldice Repair outcomes using polypropylene or stainless-steel wire sutures.

Methods
A prospective follow-up of consecutive patients who underwent elective unilateral Shouldice primary inguinal hernia repair at Shouldice Hospital between December 6, 2021, and September 1, 2022, was conducted. Data was collected from follow-up telephone calls as well as manually reviewing patient's charts. The primary objective was to determine whether the use of polypropylene was non-inferior to the use of stainless-steel wire, regarding the recurrence rate reported by the patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year after Shouldice primary inguinal hernia repair.

Results
A total of 1120 patients were contacted by telephone (polypropylene: 560; stainless-steel wire: 560). The median follow-up period was 16 months (interquartile range: 15–18). In 22 (1.96%) cases a surgical site infection was diagnosed. There was a total of 18 recurrences reported by the patients (1.6%). There was no statistical difference between the groups (polypropylene: 7 (1.25%) vs. stainless steel wire: 11 (1.96%), p > 0.05) for the recurrence rate.

Conclusion
The use of polypropylene is non-inferior to the use of stainless-steel wire regarding recurrence rate at a median follow-up period of 16 months after elective unilateral Shouldice primary inguinal hernia repair. This finding may encourage other centers where stainless-steel wire is not easily available to perform the Shouldice Repair.
Assessment of the effectiveness of a polypropylene onlay mesh in the prevention of laparoscopic trocar-site incisional hernia in high-risk patients. A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ciscar Ana , Sánchez-Sáez Emma , Vila Tura Marina , Ruiz de Leon Patricia , Gomez Pallarès Marta , Troyano Escribano Daniel , Abadal Prades Marta , Mans Muntwyler Esther , Pereira José-Antonio , Badia Josep M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Trocar site incisional hernia (TSIH) is a common complication of laparoscopic surgery. In the scientific literature there are few descriptions of methods or tools for its prevention. The aim of this report was to assess the effectiveness and safety of a prophylactic measure designed to lower rates of TSIH.

Methods
A multicenter randomized double-blinded clinical trial was performed in high-risk patients (diabetes mellitus and/or age ≥ 70 years and/or BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 and/or extended incision for specimen retrieval) who underwent either elective or emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients were assigned to prophylactic onlay polypropylene mesh fixation (intervention) or to standard trocar closure (control). The main aim was to analyze the efficacy of the intervention, taking occurrence of TSIH as the primary outcome. Clinical and radiological follow up lasted at least one year after surgery. Secondary endpoints were technique-related complications (surgical site occurrences).

Results
One hundred and forty-three patients were randomized and finally 116 were analyzed (64 in the intervention arm and 52 in the control arm). Groups were homogeneous. Mean [SD] age, 65 [18] years; 86 (60.6%) were women. The cumulative TSIH incidence was lower in the intervention group although the differences did not reach statistical significance, assessed either radiologically (16 [25.4%] vs 17 [31.5%], p = 0.538) or clinically (9 [16.1%] vs 9 [20], p = 0.613). No differences in surgical site infection, hematoma or seroma were detected. Mean follow-up was 670 days (range 223–1294).

Conclusion
Our results show that, when properly assessed, the overall TSIH incidence is extremely high. Although polypropylene onlay mesh placement is safe, it does not appear to be effective in reducing the TSIH incidence rate. Radiological evaluation may be more accurate.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.org NCT03495557. Date of registration: April 12, 2018
The long and the short of it: inheritance and wealth in Ireland
Authors: Arrigoni Simone , Boyd Laura , McIndoe-Calder Tara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInheritances matter for wealth accumulation and are often central to policy debates on wealth taxes. Using household level survey data, this paper shows that up to 2020 over one-third of households in Ireland had inherited wealth, the cumulative value of which (€97 billion) accounts for approximately one sixth of current net wealth for these households. However, the impact of inheritance extends beyond its direct value as inheritors tend to be wealthier, with a greater ownership of property. Our analysis shows that inheritances in Ireland contribute little to wealth inequality, and may even have reduced it over time, in line with existing findings for Britain and the United States. Tentative evidence suggests that mechanisms behind this wealth equalising effect may be (i) the importance of inheritances for the acquisition of property assets for middle-wealth households, (ii) the rise of asset prices, especially house prices, and (iii) substitution from employee income to rental income among inheritors.
Application of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers for monitoring PAHs in groundwater
Authors: Ola Ibukun , Drebenstedt Carsten , Burgess Robert M. , Allan Ian J. , Hoth Nils , Külls Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEquilibrium passive sampling continues to find increasing use for performing in situ assessments and monitoring of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs). Although this method has been successfully used in several field studies including open surface waters and sediments, comparatively, their use in groundwater has been very limited. In this study, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers were deployed for 80 days in three groundwater wells contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Prior to deployment, LDPE was loaded with performance reference compounds (PRCs) consisting of deuterated PAHs and their release used to ascertain system equilibrium. Within the 80-day deployment period, LDPE-groundwater equilibrium was confirmed for PAHs with molecular weights (MWs) in the range of 178 to 228 (i.e. anthracene, chrysene). Measured freely dissolved concentrations (Cw) were between one to three orders of magnitude lower than the total filtered concentrations (Ctotal) in the studied wells. The sum of PAHs (ΣPAHs) measured based on Cw and Ctotal were 2.05, 0.07 and 29.2 μg L−1 and 197, 59.7 and 1010 μg L−1, at wells 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A separate dataset, comprising long-term (2010 to 2022) concentrations of PAHs in total (i.e., unfiltered) groundwater, is also presented to provide insight into PAH contamination levels at the assessed groundwater wells based on conventional measurement. Estimated in situ LDPE daily clearance volumes (2.34 to 27.56 Ld−1) for the target analytes were far less than the daily turnover of ground water (144 to 348 Ld−1) encountered in the wells eliminating the possibility of depletive sampling of the groundwater by the passive samplers. These results represent the first published study on the practical application of equilibrium passive sampling using LDPE for monitoring and quantitatively assessing PAHs in groundwater. Also, this work demonstrates that LDPEs are a useful tool for measuring the Cw of PAHs in groundwater, a critical contaminant in many ecological and human health risk assessments.
Application of URANS Simulation and Experimental Validation of Axial Flow-Induced Vibrations on a Blunt-End Cantilever Rod for Nuclear Applications
Authors: Muhamad Pauzi Anas , Iacovides Hector , Cioncolini Andrea , Li Hao , Nabawy Mostafa R. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFretting wear caused by flow-induced vibration (FIV) is a leading cause of fuel failure in light water nuclear reactors. This study describes a numerical methodology, validated with dedicated experiments, for predicting flow-induced vibrations in cantilever rods exposed to axial water flow, a paradigmatic configuration informative for fuel rods in water-cooled nuclear reactor cores. Utilising strong two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations with an efficient computational approach, the study focuses on two key aspects of self-excited FIV: the dominant vibration frequency and the amplitude of the vibration. Correctly reproducing the former depends on optimising the solid domain and FSI coupling, while the latter hinges on the fluid solver’s ability to accurately replicate unsteady flow behaviour, especially in areas of flow separation. Two unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models, both being high-Reynolds number versions, and several discretisation schemes for the convection transport are evaluated for their capacity to reproduce the correct unsteady flow behaviour. When the axial flow is directed from the free end to the fixed end of the rod, both the Eddy viscosity model k-$$\omega $$
ω
SST and the Reynolds stress model by Launder, Reece, and Rodi reliably predicted the frequency and amplitude of vibrations for a Reynolds number range between 16.4k and 61.7k. When the flow direction is reversed, while vibration frequencies were accurately modelled, replicating precise unsteady flow behaviour proved more challenging. The study underscores the importance of properly resolving the flow in areas of flow separation to achieve accurate simulation of unsteady flow behaviour.
Chemical looping gasification of biomass char in fluidized bed and CO2-enriched atmosphere
Authors: Miccio Francesco , Polchri Lucrezia , Murri Annalisa Natali , Landi Elena , Medri Valentina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChemical looping gasification (CLG) of biomass is an emerging technology for producing synthetic gas with high content in H2, CO, and other valuable compounds in alternative to O2-enriched gasification, an oxygen carrier delivering O2 to the fuel. In the present paper, the results of CLG experiments at the bench scale are presented with a particular focus on the conversion of biomass char that is the least reactive but most energetic constituent of biomass. Synthetic Cu oxygen carrier and CO2-enriched atmosphere were used at temperatures of 900 and 945 °C in a fluidized bed. In inert conditions, the char conversion was not complete for the fixed equivalence ratio that was adopted. Conversely, char was fully converted in the presence of CO2, thanks to the inverse Boudouard reaction. The results show that higher temperature is preferable for thermodynamic reasons, although the related energy balance reduces the range of auto-thermal operability. The CO produced upon combined gasification by O2 and CO2 achieved a yield very close to the theoretical value of 78 mmol per gram of char at 100vol% CO2 and 945 °C.
Advanced 3D-DXA insights into bone density changes in hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Guerra Francesco Saverio , Palladino Nicola , Winzenrieth Renaud , Guglielmi Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disorder marked by chronic parathyroid hormone hypersecretion, which affects bone turnover and remodelling processes. With a loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity, the cortical compartment is most severely impacted. The study's goal is to assess PHPT's effects on the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of the femur's trabecular compartment as well as the vBMD and thickness of the cortical bone.

Methods
This is a retrospective case–control study, valuating age, biochemical doses, anthropometric measurements, and bone measurements. Between 2011 and 2016, 74 Caucasian Italian women and men with PHPT were sought out. Biochemical analyses were added to bone mineral density (BMD) values found in the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Proximal femur parameters such as cortical and trabecular volumetric (v) BMD, cortical thickness (CTh) and surface (s) BMD were analyzed by 3D-DXA software (3D-SHAPER Medical, Spain).

Results
The findings showed a negative correlation between PHPT patients and controls, which was equally affecting the cortical and trabecular compartments. This correlation was especially evident in the areal BMD (aBMD) and vBMD measurements. Nonetheless, no appreciable correlation was found between the cortical level and the thickness of the cortical bone.

Conclusions
Parathormone (PHT) levels had an adverse effect on the cortical, trabecular volumetric density in this investigation, as was expected. Cortical thickness, however, is unaffected significantly. The literature and these findings are consistent.