bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of HIV to Maternal Morbidity Among Refugee Women in Canada
Authors: Wanigaratne Susitha , Cole Donald C. , Bassil Kate , Hyman Ilene , Moineddin Rahim , Urquia Marcelo L. 
Published: October 2015

Objectives. We compared severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and SMM subtypes, including HIV, of refugee women with those of nonrefugee immigrant and nonimmigrant women. Methods. We linked 1 154 421 Ontario hospital deliveries (2002–2011) to immigration records (1985–2010) to determine the incidence of an SMM composite indicator and its subtypes. We determined SMM incidence according to immigration periods, which were characterized by lifting restrictions for all HIV-positive immigrants (in 1991) and refugees who may place “excessive demand” on government services (in 2002). Results. Refugees had a higher risk of SMM (17.1 per 1000 deliveries) than did immigrants (12.1 per 1000) and nonimmigrants (12.4 per 1000). Among SMM subtypes, refugees had a much higher risk of HIV than did immigrants (risk ratio [RR] = 7.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.64, 11.18) and nonimmigrants (RR = 17.37; 95% CI = 12.83, 23.53). SMM disparities were greatest after the 2002 policy came into effect. After exclusion of HIV cases, SMM disparities disappeared. Conclusions. An apparent higher risk of SMM among refugee women in Ontario, Canada is explained by their high prevalence of HIV, which increased over time parallel to admission policy changes favoring humanitarian protection.
Over-Tightening of the Syndesmosis After Ankle Fracture
Authors: Gesink Dirk S. , Anderson John G. 
Published: October 2015

Case:
An eighteen-year-old patient sustained a fracture-dislocation of the left ankle while playing rugby. The fracture was treated in the emergency department with closed reduction and splinting, followed by open reduction and internal fixation. Subsequently, increased tibiotalar clear space was noted radiographically. Coronal computed tomography images confirmed distal distraction of the talus. This was determined to have resulted from “over-tightening” the syndesmosis. Our surgical treatment consisted of minute manual repositioning of the talus.

Conclusion:
We advise meticulous scrutiny of intraoperative radiographs to evaluate potential talar distraction. Additionally, comparison radiographs of the contralateral ankle can be an essential component of preoperative and intraoperative assessment of ankle fractures with syndesmotic disruption.
Produced-Water-Chemistry History Matching in the Janice Field
Authors: Vazquez O.. , Young C.. , Demyanov V.. , Arnold D.. , Fisher A.. , MacMillan A.. , Christie Mike 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Produced-water-chemistry (PWC) data are the main sources of information to monitor scale precipitation in oilfield operations. Chloride concentration is used to evaluate the seawater fraction of the total produced water per producing well and is included as an extra history-matching constraint to reevaluate a good conventionally history-matched (HM) reservoir model for the Janice field. Generally, PWC is not included in conventional history matching, and this approach shows the value of considering the nature of the seawater-injection front and the associated brine mixing between the distinctive formation water and injected seawater.
Adding the extra constraint resulted in the reconceptualization of the reservoir geology between a key injector and two producers. The transmissibility of a shale layer is locally modified within a range of geologically consistent values. Also, a major lineament is identified which is interpreted as a northwest/southeast-trending fault, whereby the zero transmissibility of a secondary shale in the Middle Fulmar is locally adjusted to allow crossflow. Both uncertainties are consistent with the complex faulting known to exist in the region of the targeted wells. Other uncertainties that were carried forward to the assisted-history-matching phase included water allocation to the major seawater injectors; thermal fracture orientation of injectors; and the vertical and horizontal permeability ratio (Kv/Kh) of the Fulmar formation.
Finally, a stochastic particle-swarm-optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to generate an ensemble of HM models with seawater fraction as an extra constraint in the misfit definition. Use of additional data in history matching has improved the original good HM solution. Field oil-production rate is interpreted as improved over a key period, and although no obvious improvement was observed in field water-production rate, seawater fraction in a number of wells was improved.
Structural Characteristics of Retinal Layers Adjacent to Geographic Atrophy
Authors: Sadiq Mohammad A. , Hanout Mostafa , Sarwar Salman , Rajagopalan Nithya , Maya Jose R. , Zapata Liz J. , Do Diana V. , Nguyen Quan D. , Sepah Yasir J. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the anatomy of different retinal layers adjacent to areas of geographic atrophy (GA) to those of eyes with no known ocular diseases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans from eyes with GA were retrospectively reviewed. Two scans with no findings suggestive of GA changes on OCT were selected from immediately above and/or below the edge of the lesions. Thickness values of the retinal layers were calculated and compared to values obtained from normal subjects.

RESULTS:
Forty-four eyes (30 patients) were compared to 20 healthy eyes. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), inner nuclear layer (INL), and full retinal thickness (FRT) values were significantly lower in patients compared to healthy subjects. Thicknesses of all other layers were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION:
Clinically appearing, non-involved RPE and INL layers of eyes with GA demonstrate significant thinning compared to corresponding layers in eyes with no known ocular diseases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:914–919.]
T Cell Responses against Mycobacterial Lipids and Proteins Are Poorly Correlated in South African Adolescents
Authors: Seshadri Chetan , Lin Lin , Scriba Thomas J. , Peterson Glenna , Freidrich David , Frahm Nicole , DeRosa Stephen C. , Moody D. Branch , Prandi Jacques , Gilleron Martine , Mahomed Hassan , Jiang Wenxin , Finak Greg , Hanekom Willem A. , Gottardo Raphael , McElrath M. Juliana , Hawn Thomas R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Human T cells are activated by both peptide and nonpeptide Ags produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. T cells recognize cell wall lipids bound to CD1 molecules, but effector functions of CD1-reactive T cells have not been systematically assessed in M. tuberculosis–infected humans. It is also not known how these features correlate with T cell responses to secreted protein Ags. We developed a flow cytometric assay to profile CD1-restricted T cells ex vivo and assessed T cell responses to five cell wall lipid Ags in a cross-sectional study of 19 M. tuberculosis–infected and 22 M. tuberculosis–uninfected South African adolescents. We analyzed six T cell functions using a recently developed computational approach for flow cytometry data in high dimensions. We compared these data with T cell responses to five protein Ags in the same cohort. We show that CD1b-restricted T cells producing antimycobacterial cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α are detectable ex vivo in CD4+, CD8+, and CD4−CD8− T cell subsets. Glucose monomycolate was immunodominant among lipid Ags tested, and polyfunctional CD4 T cells specific for this lipid simultaneously expressed CD40L, IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Lipid-reactive CD4+ T cells were detectable at frequencies of 0.001–0.01%, and this did not differ by M. tuberculosis infection status. Finally, CD4 T cell responses to lipids were poorly correlated with CD4 T cell responses to proteins (Spearman rank correlation −0.01; p = 0.95). These results highlight the functional diversity of CD1-restricted T cells circulating in peripheral blood as well as the complementary nature of T cell responses to mycobacterial lipids and proteins. Our approach enables further population-based studies of lipid-specific T cell responses during natural infection and vaccination.
A Mathematical Model for the Instigation and Transmission of Biological and Neural Signals in Response to Acupuncture
Authors: Yao Wei , Yin Na , Yang Hongwei , Ding Guanghong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcupuncture has been in clinical practice in China for thousands of years and its analgesia effect is worldwide accepted. However, the mechanism of acupuncture effect is not well understood. The study focus on signaling pathways induced by acupuncture, analyzes the cooperative action of the acupoints’ structure and the associated chemical mediators during acupuncture, establishes a mathematical model clarifying the roadmap of electroneurographic signal startup and transmission mechanism induced by acupuncture, quantitatively analyzing the response in acupoints to acupuncture. These work contribute to reveal the activation and transmission mechanism of neural signals induced by acupuncture from systems biology perspective, lay the foundation for the integration of acupuncture theory and modern science and further guide the clinical treatment and experimental research of acupuncture.
Stability and Conservation Properties of Collocated Constraints in Immersogeometric Fluid-Thin Structure Interaction Analysis
Authors: Kamensky David , Evans John A. , Hsu Ming-Chen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to enhance the stability properties of our recently-developed numerical method [D. Kamensky, M.-C. Hsu, D. Schillinger, J.A. Evans, A. Aggarwal, Y. Bazilevs, M.S. Sacks, T.J.R. Hughes, “An immersogeometric variational framework for fluid-structure interaction: Application to bioprosthetic heart valves”, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 284 (2015) 1005–1053] for immersing spline-based representations of shell structures into unsteady viscous incompressible flows. In the cited work, we formulated the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problem using an augmented Lagrangian to enforce kinematic constraints. We discretized this Lagrangian as a set of collocated constraints, at quadrature points of the surface integration rule for the immersed interface. Because the density of quadrature points is not controlled relative to the fluid discretization, the resulting semi-discrete problem may be over-constrained. Semi-implicit time integration circumvents this difficulty in the fully-discrete scheme. If this time-stepping algorithm is applied to fluid-structure systems that approach steady solutions, though, we find that spatially-oscillating modes of the Lagrange multiplier field can grow over time. In the present work, we stabilize the semi-implicit integration scheme to prevent potential divergence of the multiplier field as time goes to infinity. This stabilized time integration may also be applied in pseudo-time within each time step, giving rise to a fully implicit solution method. We discuss the theoretical implications of this stabilization scheme for several simplified model problems, then demonstrate its practical efficacy through numerical examples.
The efficacy assessment of a self‐administered immunotherapy protocol
Authors: Schaffer Frederick M. , Garner Larry M. , Ebeling Myla , Adelglass Jeffrey M. , Hulsey Thomas C. , Naples Andrew R. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundWe previously reported the safety of a self‐administered subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) protocol. Here we report the results of the retrospective efficacy trial of the United Allergy Service (UAS) self‐administered SCIT protocol. We hypothesized that by utilizing a slow SCIT buildup phase, designed to attain recommended allergen concentrations on a cumulative basis, efficacious outcomes and clinical relevance would be achieved.MethodsWe enrolled 60 SCIT patients and 56 control patients. The study contrasted baseline and treatment period combined symptom plus medication scores (CSMS) as the primary outcome measure and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) scores as the secondary study outcome measure. Changes in pollen counts were also examined with regard to effects on these efficacy parameters.ResultsThe treatment group showed significantly improved CSMS (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.97 to −1.18; p < 0.001) and RQLQ (SMD: −0.91; 95% CI, −1.23 to −0.59; p < 0.001). These treatment group outcome measures were respectively improved by 33% and 29% compared to baseline and greater than 40% in comparison to the control group (p < 0.0001). Significant results were also shown when examining these outcome measures with regards to either monotherapy or poly‐allergen SCIT. Furthermore, a comparison to recent meta‐analyses of SCIT studies showed equivalent efficacy and clinical relevance. Assessment of pollen counts during the baseline and treatment periods further corroborated the efficacy of the UAS SCIT protocol.ConclusionThese efficacy results, and our previous safety results, show that a carefully designed and implemented self‐administered SCIT protocol is efficacious and safe.
A review and meta‐analysis of growth and life‐history traits of a declining European freshwater fish, crucian carp Carassius carassius
Authors: Tarkan Ali Serhan , Almeida David , Godard Michael J. , Gaygusuz Özcan , Rylands Mark , Sayer Carl D. , Zięba Grzegorz , Copp Gordon H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

In response to reported declines in crucian carp Carassius carassius across Europe, studies of the status and population biology of the species in England led to Biodiversity Action Plan priority designation in the eastern county of Norfolk.
In light of new data on crucian carp populations in eastern England (counties of Essex, Hertfordshire and Norfolk), a comprehensive review of available information throughout its native and introduced European range was undertaken to assess the growth and reproduction at a broader scale, thus contributing to conservation and management strategies at a country scale in the UK.
For all populations, mean sex ratio was 1:1, back‐calculated total length (TL) ranged from 19 to 334 mm, and maximum age was 13 years. Growth and body condition varied greatly across Europe. Growth trajectories in England, Russia and Poland were significantly faster than in Finland. Within England, growth index was lower in Hertfordshire than in Essex and Norfolk, and Fulton condition (plumpness) index was higher in Essex than in Norfolk.
Reproductive traits varied greatly both in males and females, with age at maturity ranging from 1.5 to 5 years, and with the shortest life spans observed in England. Length at maturity was usually at a lower TL in males than females (except in Essex populations). Female age at maturity decreased significantly with juvenile growth, which was defined as TL at age 2, the age above which females in most populations achieved maturity.
Predicted temperature rise (i.e. under a climate change scenario) may benefit crucian carp growth, as predicted for related competitive invaders (e.g. goldfish Carassius auratus). From a conservation perspective, suggested management strategies include reducing populations of non‐native fishes, implementing measures of habitat restoration and re‐stocking rehabilitated ponds from ‘source areas’, i.e. those containing crucian carp populations in good status.
A Multiple‐Labeling Strategy for Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases Using Active‐Site‐Directed Proteomic Probes for Adenylation Domains
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Suzuki Takehiro , Dohmae Naoshi , Kakeya Hideaki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGenetic approaches have greatly contributed to our understanding of nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic machinery; however, proteomic investigations are limited. Here, we developed a highly sensitive detection strategy for multidomain nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) by using a multiple‐labeling technique with active‐site‐directed probes for adenylation domains. When applied to gramicidin S‐producing and ‐nonproducing strains of Aneurinibacillus migulanus (DSM 5759 and DSM 2895, respectively), the multiple technique sensitively detected an active multidomain NRPS (GrsB) in lysates obtained from the organisms. This functional proteomics method revealed an unknown inactive precursor (or other inactive form) of GrsB in the nonproducing strain. This method provides a new option for the direct detection, functional analysis, and high‐resolution identification of low‐abundance active NRPS enzymes in native proteomic environments.
Virtual Force Term Based on the Velocity Distribution Surrounding a Spherical Particle Settling in a Simple Shear Flow
Authors: Ueyama Korekazu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRecently, the inside‐out property of the interaction term in the two‐fluid model equation was revealed, and the mathematical expression for the virtual force term, which compensates the gap between the correct interaction term and the conventional interaction term, was given. In this work, analytical solutions are given for the velocity field surrounding a spherical solid particle settling in a simple shear flow. The convection term in the Navier‐Stokes equation was neglected. The virtual force term is calculated on the basis of the analytical solutions. The horizontal and vertical components of the virtual force term are 2.5 times the product of the viscosity, the velocity gradient, and the holdup gradient. These terms should be considered in the two‐fluid model equation to simulate the dispersed multiphase flow with spatial distributions of velocity and holdup.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Rich Germanides RERh4Ge2 (RE: Y, Gd—Lu): Structure and Bonding.
Authors: Vosswinkel Daniel , Matar Samir F. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and subsequent annealing (evacuated silica tube, 970 K, 5d).
ChemInform Abstract: Borosulfates Cs2B2S3O13, Rb4B2S4O17, and A3HB4S2O14 (A: Rb, Cs) — Crystalline Approximants for Vitreous B2O3?
Authors: Daub Michael , Hillebrecht Harald 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNew borosulfates are obtained by reactions of (I) in oleum or conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability and High Temperature Polymorphism of Topochemically‐Prepared Dion—Jacobson Triple‐Layered Perovskites.
Authors: Guertin Stephen L. , Josepha Elisha A. , Montasserasadi Dariush , Wiley John B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Dion—Jacobson related triple layered perovskites ACa2Nb3O10 (A: H, NH4, Li, Na, K, CuCl) are prepared by topochemical ion exchange of RbCa2Nb3O10 with ANO3 or CuCl2 (alumina crucible, 60, 200, 350, 400, 400, 335 °C, resp., 4 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of R3Co0.5GeS7 (R: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm) and R3Ni0.5GeS7 (R: Y, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm).
Authors: Daszkiewicz M. , Pashynska Yu. O. , Marchuk O. V. , Gulay L. D. , Kaczorowski D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLn3Co0.5GeS7 (Ln: Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) and Ln3Ni0.5GeS7 (Ln: Y, Ce, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of the elements (evacuated quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a FeIII—CeIII Heterometallic Sandwich‐Type Tungstoantimonate with Novel 2‐D Infinite Structure [Ce(H2O)8][Ce(H2O)6] [Fe4(H2O)10 (B‐β‐SbW9O33)2] ·16H2O.
Authors: Ma Xing , Song Kaifang , Cao Jing , Gong Peijun , Li Hailou , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized from an aqueous solution of FeCl3, Na9[B‐α‐SbW9O33], Ce(NO3)3, and HCl (pH 0.71, 80 °C, 2 h, 33% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Chemoselective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Catalyzed by Immobilized Taurine and Homotaurine in Aqueous Phase at Room Temperature.
Authors: Shen Hai‐Min , Zhou Wen‐Jie , Wu Hong‐Ke , Yu Wu‐Bin , Ai Ning , Ji Hong‐Bing , Shi Hong‐Xin , She Yuan‐Bin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNaturally occurring amino acids taurine and homotaurine are immobilized on hybrid silica and fully characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Metal Nanoparticle Systems as Heterogeneous Catalysts Beyond Homogeneous Metal Complex Catalysts for Asymmetric Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yasukawa Tomohiro , Suzuki Aya , Miyamura Hiroyuki , Nishino Kohei , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA secondary amide‐substituted, chiral diene‐modified Rh/Ag nanoparticles system is developed as novel heterogeneous system and employed for asymmetric C—C bond‐forming reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Asymmetric Michael Addition of 1‐Acetylcyclohexene and 1‐Acetylcyclopentene to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Nath Utpal , Banerjee Ankush , Ghosh Bidhan , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractActivation of 1‐acetylcycloalkenes for asymmetric Michael addition to an electrophile like nitroolefins by an amine organocatalyst is reported for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalytic Enantioselective Nazarov Cyclizations of Divinyl Ketoesters.
Authors: Xu Zhou , Ren Hai , Wang Lijia , Tang Yong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn efficient catalytic enantioselective Nazarov cyclization of divinyl ketoesters (I) and (III) under mild reaction conditions to give various cyclopent‐2‐enone esters is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity of epi‐Quinine‐Derived 3,5‐Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzamide in Asymmetric Nitro‐Michael Reaction of Furanones.
Authors: Sekikawa Tohru , Kitaguchi Takayuki , Kitaura Hayato , Minami Tatsuya , Hatanaka Yasuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel epi‐quinine‐derived organocatalyst is applied to the asymmetric nitro‐Michael reaction of furanones, giving the Michael adducts in remarkably high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Formation and Amplification of an Enantioenriched α‐Amino Nitrile: A Chiral Precursor for Strecker Amino Acid Synthesis.
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Takamatsu Naoya , Aiba Shohei , Tokunaga Yuji 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWithout the addition of any chiral substances, the spontaneous formation of an enantioenriched α‐amino nitrile (up to 96% ee), which is a chiral precursor for Strecker amino acid synthesis, is achieved in combination with conglomerate formation.
ChemInform Abstract: sp3—sp3 Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Using 2‐Alkylazoles and a Bromoacrylate as the Reaction Partners.
Authors: Zhao Liqin , Derridj Fazia , Djebbar Safia , Bruneau Christian , Doucet Henri 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title reaction gives mono‐alkylation products or in a few cases mixtures of mono‐ and di‐alkylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free and Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction of Heteroaryl Halides with MIDA Boronates in Water.
Authors: Liu Chun , Li Xinmin , Liu Chao , Wang Xinnan , Qiu Jieshan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA green method for preparation of biaryls via Suzuki—Miyaura reaction of aryl halides with N—methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd Complex of an NNN Pincer Ligand Supported on γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2 Magnetic Nanoparticles: A New Catalyst for Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Sobhani Sara , Zeraatkar Zohre , Zarifi Farzaneh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA Pd complex of bis(imino)pyridine as an NNN pincer ligand supported on γ‐Fe2O3@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles is synthesized and used successfully as a new air‐ and moisture‐stable phosphine‐free catalyst for Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira coupling reactions of aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides with alkyl acrylates, styrene, phenylboronic acid, and phenylacetylene.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Carbonylation‐Based Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinoline‐1‐carboxamides.
Authors: Masui Hisashi , Ishizawa Natsumi , Fuse Shinichiro , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel synthetic methodology for the generation of dihydroisoquinoline carboxamides and its analogues is developed.