bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erratum: An active atmospheric methane sink in high Arctic mineral cryosols
Authors: Lau M C Y , Stackhouse B T , Layton A C , Chauhan A , Vishnivetskaya T A , Chourey K , Ronholm J , Mykytczuk N C S , Bennett P C , Lamarche-Gagnon G , Burton N , Pollard W H , Omelon C R , Medvigy D M , Hettich R L , Pfiffner S M , Whyte L G , Onstott T C 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2015) 9, 1880–1891; doi:10.1038/ismej.2015.13; published online 14 April 2015 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an error in the reported values for CH4 oxidation rates calculated from the microcosm experiment (Table 1), which also affected the reported Q10 values (on page 7 and Figure 3):
A potent broad-spectrum protective human monoclonal antibody crosslinking two haemagglutinin monomers of influenza A virus
Authors: Wu Ying , Cho MyungSam , Shore David , Song Manki , Choi JungAh , Jiang Tao , Deng Yong-Qiang , Bourgeois Melissa , Almli Lynn , Yang Hua , Chen Li-Mei , Shi Yi , Qi Jianxu , Li An , Yi Kye Sook , Chang MinSeok , Bae Jin Soo , Lee HyunJoo , Shin JiYoung , Stevens James , Hong SeoungSuh , Qin Cheng-Feng , Gao George F. , Chang Shin Jae , Donis Ruben O. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEffective annual influenza vaccination requires frequent changes in vaccine composition due to both antigenic shift for different subtype hemagglutinins (HAs) and antigenic drift in a particular HA. Here we present a broadly neutralizing human monoclonal antibody with an unusual binding modality. The antibody, designated CT149, was isolated from convalescent patients infected with pandemic H1N1 in 2009. CT149 is found to neutralize all tested group 2 and some group 1 influenza A viruses by inhibiting low pH-induced, HA-mediated membrane fusion. It promotes killing of infected cells by Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. X-ray crystallographic data reveal that CT149 binds primarily to the fusion domain in HA2, and the light chain is also largely involved in binding. The epitope recognized by this antibody comprises amino-acid residues from two adjacent protomers of HA. This binding characteristic of CT149 will provide more information to support the design of more potent influenza vaccines.
Bile diversion to the distal small intestine has comparable metabolic benefits to bariatric surgery
Authors: Flynn Charles Robb , Albaugh Vance L. , Cai Steven , Cheung-Flynn Joyce , Williams Phillip E. , Brucker Robert M. , Bordenstein Seth R. , Guo Yan , Wasserman David H. , Abumrad Naji N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRoux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is highly effective in reversing obesity and associated diabetes. Recent observations in humans suggest a contributing role of increased circulating bile acids in mediating such effects. Here we use a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model and compare metabolic remission when bile flow is diverted through a gallbladder anastomosis to jejunum, ileum or duodenum (sham control). We find that only bile diversion to the ileum results in physiologic changes similar to RYGB, including sustained improvements in weight, glucose tolerance and hepatic steatosis despite differential effects on hepatic gene expression. Circulating free fatty acids and triglycerides decrease while bile acids increase, particularly conjugated tauro-β-muricholic acid, an FXR antagonist. Activity of the hepatic FXR/FGF15 signalling axis is reduced and associated with altered gut microbiota. Thus bile diversion, independent of surgical rearrangement of the gastrointestinal tract, imparts significant weight loss accompanied by improved glucose and lipid homeostasis that are hallmarks of RYGB.
Carbohydrate scaffolds as glycosyltransferase inhibitors with in vivo antibacterial activity
Authors: Zuegg Johannes , Muldoon Craig , Adamson George , McKeveney Declan , Le Thanh Giang , Premraj Rajaratnam , Becker Bernd , Cheng Mu , Elliott Alysha G. , Huang Johnny X. , Butler Mark S. , Bajaj Megha , Seifert Joachim , Singh Latika , Galley Nicola F. , Roper David I. , Lloyd Adrian J. , Dowson Christopher G. , Cheng Ting-Jen , Cheng Wei-Chieh , Demon Dieter , Meyer Evelyne , Meutermans Wim , Cooper Matthew A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe rapid rise of multi-drug-resistant bacteria is a global healthcare crisis, and new antibiotics are urgently required, especially those with modes of action that have low-resistance potential. One promising lead is the liposaccharide antibiotic moenomycin that inhibits bacterial glycosyltransferases, which are essential for peptidoglycan polymerization, while displaying a low rate of resistance. Unfortunately, the lipophilicity of moenomycin leads to unfavourable pharmacokinetic properties that render it unsuitable for systemic administration. In this study, we show that using moenomycin and other glycosyltransferase inhibitors as templates, we were able to synthesize compound libraries based on novel pyranose scaffold chemistry, with moenomycin-like activity, but with improved drug-like properties. The novel compounds exhibit in vitro inhibition comparable to moenomycin, with low toxicity and good efficacy in several in vivo models of infection. This approach based on non-planar carbohydrate scaffolds provides a new opportunity to develop new antibiotics with low propensity for resistance induction.
Active suppression of intestinal CD4+TCRαβ+ T-lymphocyte maturation during the postnatal period
Authors: Torow Natalia , Yu Kai , Hassani Kasra , Freitag Jenny , Schulz Olga , Basic Marijana , Brennecke Anne , Sparwasser Tim , Wagner Norbert , Bleich André , Lochner Matthias , Weiss Siegfried , Förster Reinhold , Pabst Oliver , Hornef Mathias W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPriming of the mucosal immune system during the postnatal period substantially influences host–microbial interaction and susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases in adult life. The underlying mechanisms are ill defined. Here we show that shortly after birth, CD4 T cells populate preformed lymphoid structures in the small intestine and quickly acquire a distinct transcriptional profile. T-cell recruitment is independent of microbial colonization and innate or adaptive immune stimulation but requires β7 integrin expression. Surprisingly, neonatal CD4 T cells remain immature throughout the postnatal period under homeostatic conditions but undergo maturation and gain effector function on barrier disruption. Maternal SIgA and regulatory T cells act in concert to prevent immune stimulation and maintain the immature phenotype of CD4 T cells in the postnatal intestine during homeostasis. Active suppression of CD4 T-cell maturation during the postnatal period might contribute to prevent auto-reactivity, sustain a broad TCR repertoire and establish life-long immune homeostasis.
Nanoparticles with photoinduced precipitation for the extraction of pollutants from water and soil
Authors: Brandl Ferdinand , Bertrand Nicolas , Lima Eliana Martins , Langer Robert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNanotechnology may offer fast and effective solutions for environmental clean-up. Herein, amphiphilic diblock copolymers are used to develop a platform of photosensitive core-shell nanoparticles. Irradiation with ultraviolet light removes the protective layer responsible for colloidal stability; as a result, the nanoparticles are rapidly and irreversibly converted to macroscopic aggregates. The associated phase separation allows measuring the partitioning of small molecules between the aqueous phase and nanoparticles; data suggests that interactions are enhanced by decreasing the particle size. Adsorption onto nanoparticles can be exploited to efficiently remove hydrophobic pollutants from water and contaminated soil. Preliminaryin vivoexperiments suggest that treatment with photocleavable nanoparticles can significantly reduce the teratogenicity of bisphenol A, triclosan and 17α-ethinyl estradiol without generating obviously toxic byproducts. Small-scale pilot experiments on wastewater, thermal printing paper and contaminated soil demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
Transient signal generation in a self-assembled nanosystem fueled by ATP
Authors: Pezzato Cristian , Prins Leonard J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA fundamental difference exists in the way signal generation is dealt with in natural and synthetic systems. While nature uses the transient activation of signalling pathways to regulate all cellular functions, chemists rely on sensory devices that convert the presence of an analyte into a steady output signal. The development of chemical systems that bear a closer analogy to living ones (that is, require energy for functioning, are transient in nature and operate out-of-equilibrium) requires a paradigm shift in the design of such systems. Here we report a straightforward strategy that enables transient signal generation in a self-assembled system and show that it can be used to mimic key features of natural signalling pathways, which are control over the output signal intensity and decay rate, the concentration-dependent activation of different signalling pathways and the transient downregulation of catalytic activity. Overall, the reported methodology provides temporal control over supramolecular processes.
Functional genomics identifies negative regulatory nodes controlling phagocyte oxidative burst
Authors: Graham Daniel B. , Becker Christine E. , Doan Aivi , Goel Gautam , Villablanca Eduardo J. , Knights Dan , Mok Amanda , Ng Aylwin C.Y. , Doench John G. , Root David E. , Clish Clary B. , Xavier Ramnik J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe phagocyte oxidative burst, mediated by Nox2 NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species, confers host defense against a broad spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens. Loss-of-function mutations that impair function of the Nox2 complex result in a life-threatening immunodeficiency, and genetic variants of Nox2 subunits have been implicated in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, alterations in the oxidative burst can profoundly impact host defense, yet little is known about regulatory mechanisms that fine-tune this response. Here we report the discovery of regulatory nodes controlling oxidative burst by functional screening of genes within loci linked to human inflammatory disease. Implementing a multi-omics approach, we define transcriptional, metabolic and ubiquitin-cycling nodes controlled byRbpj, PfklandRnf145, respectively. Furthermore, we implicate Rnf145 in proteostasis of the Nox2 complex by endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Consequently, ablation ofRnf145in murine macrophages enhances bacterial clearance, and rescues the oxidative burst defects associated withNcf4haploinsufficiency.
ITG: A New Global GNSS Tropospheric Correction Model
Authors: Yao Yibin , Xu Chaoqian , Shi Junbo , Cao Na , Zhang Bao , Yang Junjian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTropospheric correction models are receiving increasing attentions, as they play a crucial role in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Most commonly used models to date include the GPT2 series and the TropGrid2. In this study, we analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of existing models and developed a new model called the Improved Tropospheric Grid (ITG). ITG considers annual, semi-annual and diurnal variations and includes multiple tropospheric parameters. The amplitude and initial phase of diurnal variation are estimated as a periodic function. ITG provides temperature, pressure, the weighted mean temperature (Tm) and Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD). We conducted a performance comparison among the proposed ITG model and previous ones, in terms of meteorological measurements from 698 observation stations, Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) products from 280 International GNSS Service (IGS) station and Tm from Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) products. Results indicate that ITG offers the best performance on the whole.
Response of aboveground biomass and diversity to nitrogen addition along a degradation gradient in the Inner Mongolian steppe, China
Authors: Xu Xiaotian , Liu Hongyan , Song Zhaoliang , Wang Wei , Hu Guozheng , Qi Zhaohuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough nitrogen addition and recovery from degradation can both promote production of grassland biomass, these two factors have rarely been investigated in combination. In this study, we established a field experiment with six N-treatment (CK, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 g N m−2 yr−1) on five fields with different degradation levels in the Inner Mongolian steppe of China from 2011–2013. Our observations showed that while the external nitrogen increased the aboveground biomass in all five grasslands, the magnitude of the effects differed with the severity of degradation. Fields with a higher level of degradation tended to have a higher saturation value (20 g N m−2 yr−1) than those with a lower degradation level ( < 10 g N m−2 yr−1). After three years of experimentation, species richness showed little change across degradation levels. Among the four functional groups of grasses, sedges, forbs and legumes, grasses shared the most similar response patterns with those of the whole community, demonstrating the predominant role that they play in the restoration of grassland under a stimulus of nitrogen addition.
Homocysteine and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Peirong , Wang Fenghua , Kumar Sah Birendra , Jiang Junhai , Ni Zhentian , Wang Jentso , Sun Xiaodong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractContrasting results have been reported regarding the associations between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) and B vitamin levels and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk. Thus, we aimed to systematically evaluate these associations. Relevant case control studies in English were identified via a thorough search of the PubMed, Medline and Embase databases from inception to June 2014. The results were pooled using Review Manager 5.2.1. Eleven studies (including 1072 cases and 1202 controls) were eligible for analysis of tHcy levels; additionally, 3 studies (including 152 cases and 98 controls) were eligible for analysis of folic acid and vitamin B12 levels. The cumulative results demonstrated that the plasma tHcy level among the AMD cases was 2.67 μmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60-3.74) higher than that among the controls. In contrast, the vitamin B12 level among the AMD cases was 64.16 pg/mL (95% CI, 19.32-109.00) lower than that among the controls. Subgroup analyses showed that the folic acid level was 1.66 ng/mL (95% CI, 0.10-3.21) lower for the wet type. Together, the results demonstrated that AMD is associated with elevated tHcy levels and decreased vitamin B12 levels. Plasma tHcy may act as a modulator of the risk for AMD based on the current evidence.
Streptococcal IdeS: therapeutic potential for Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Takahashi Ryo , Yuki Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPlasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are effective in treating Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) probably because the former removes IgG autoantibodies and complement and the latter inhibits complement activation subsequent to the autoantibody binding to peripheral nerve antigens. IgG degrading enzyme of Streptococcus pyogenes (IdeS) can cleave the pathogenic autoantibodies into F(ab’)2 and Fc. The purpose of this study is to show whether IdeS has novel therapeutic potential for GBS. Sera with anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies from 15 patients with GBS or Miller Fisher syndrome were used. We tested whether IdeS cleaved the anti-ganglioside IgG antibodies and inhibited deposition of activated complement component on ELISA plates. IdeS efficiently cleaved IgG and blocked complement activation mediated by anti-GM1, anti-GD1a and anti-GQ1b IgG antibodies. IdeS has therapeutic potential for GBS and related conditions.
Novel Cathelicidins from Pigeon Highlights Evolutionary Convergence in Avain Cathelicidins and Functions in Modulation of Innate Immunity
Authors: Yu Haining , Lu Yiling , Qiao Xue , Wei Lin , Fu Tingting , Cai Shasha , Wang Chen , Liu Xuelian , Zhong Shijun , Wang Yipeng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCathelicidins are short cationic host defense peptides and play a central role in host innate immune system. Here we identified two novel cathelicidins, Cl-CATH2 and 3, from Columba livia. Evolutionary analysis of avian cathelicidins via phylogenetic tree and Ka/Ks calculations supported the positive selection that prompted evolution of CATH2 to CATH1 and 3, which originate from common ancestor and could belong to one superfamily. Cl-CATH2 and 3 both adopt amphipathic α-helical comformations identified by circular dichroism and the 3D structures built by Rosetta. Cl-CATH2 of CATH2 family with the most expression abundance in bird, exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial activity, but acted instead on the innate immune response without showing undesirable toxicities. In macrophages primed by LPS, Cl-CATH2 significantly down-regulated the gene and protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing the anti-inflammatory cytokine, acting through MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Molecular docking shows for the first time that cathelicidin binds to the opening region of LPS-binding pocket on myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) of toll-like receptor (TLR)4-MD-2 complex, which in turn inhibits the TLR4 pathway. Our results, therefore, provide new insight into the mechanism underlying the blockade of TLR4 signaling by cathelicidins.
A Long Neglected Damper in the El Niño—Typhoon Relationship: a ‘Gaia-Like’ Process
Authors: Zheng Zhe-Wen , Lin I.-I. , Wang Bin , Huang Hsiao-Ching , Chen Chi-Hong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractProposed in the early 1970’s, the Gaia hypothesis suggests that our planet earth has a self-regulating ability to maintain a stable condition for life. Tropical cyclone (TC) is one of the earth’s most hazardous disasters; it is intriguing to explore whether ‘Gaia-like’ processes may exist in nature to regulate TC activities. El Niño can shift the forming position of the Western Pacific typhoons away from land. This shift enables typhoons to travel longer distances over ocean and is known to be a positive process to promote TCs to achieve higher intensity. What is neglected, however, is that there co-exists a negative process. Here we show that during El Niño, typhoons intensify over region undergoing strong ocean subsurface shoaling where upper ocean heat content can drop by 20–50%. This ‘worsen’ ocean pre-condition can effectively reduce ocean’s energy supply for typhoon intensification during typhoon-ocean interaction. We find this an elegant, ‘Gaia-like’ process demonstrating nature’s self-regulating ability. Though during El Niño, typhoons can take advantage of the longer travelling distance over ocean to achieve higher intensity, nature is also providing a damper to partially cancel this positive impact. Without the damper, the situation could be even worse.
An Analog of electrically induced transparency via surface delocalized modes
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Zhou Bingpu , Wang Xinke , He Jingwen , Hou Bo , Zhang Yan , Wen Weijia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate theoretically and experimentally an interesting opaque state, which is based on an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in mechanism, in a metal hole array of the dimer lattice. By introducing a small difference to the dimer holes of each unit cell, the surface delocalized modes launching out from the dimer holes can have destructive interferences. Consequently, a narrow opaque window in the transparent background can be observed in the transmission spectrum. This surface-mode-induced opacity (SMIO) state is very sensitive to the difference of the dimer holes, which will promise various applications.
Water regime history drives responses of soil Namib Desert microbial communities to wetting events
Authors: Frossard Aline , Ramond Jean-Baptiste , Seely Mary , Cowan Don A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite the dominance of microorganisms in arid soils, the structures and functional dynamics of microbial communities in hot deserts remain largely unresolved. The effects of wetting event frequency and intensity on Namib Desert microbial communities from two soils with different water-regime histories were tested over 36 days. A total of 168 soil microcosms received wetting events mimicking fog, light rain and heavy rainfall, with a parallel “dry condition” control. T-RFLP data showed that the different wetting events affected desert microbial community structures, but these effects were attenuated by the effects related to the long-term adaptation of both fungal and bacterial communities to soil origins (i.e. soil water regime histories). The intensity of the water pulses (i.e. the amount of water added) rather than the frequency of wetting events had greatest effect in shaping bacterial and fungal community structures. In contrast to microbial diversity, microbial activities (enzyme activities) showed very little response to the wetting events and were mainly driven by soil origin. This experiment clearly demonstrates the complexity of microbial community responses to wetting events in hyperarid hot desert soil ecosystems and underlines the dynamism of their indigenous microbial communities.
The stochastic thermodynamics of a rotating Brownian particle in a gradient flow
Authors: Lan Yueheng , Aurell Erik 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe compute the entropy production engendered in the environment from a single Brownian particle which moves in a gradient flow and show that it corresponds in expectation to classical near-equilibrium entropy production in the surrounding fluid with specific mesoscopic transport coefficients. With temperature gradient, extra terms are found which result from the nonlinear interaction between the particle and the non-equilibrated environment. The calculations are based on the fluctuation relations which relate entropy production to the probabilities of stochastic paths and carried out in a multi-time formalism.
Salvianolic acid A as a multifunctional agent ameliorates doxorubicin-induced nephropathy in rats
Authors: Fan Hua-Ying , Yang Ming-Yan , Qi Dong , Zhang Zuo-Kai , Zhu Lin , Shang-Guan Xiu-Xin , Liu Ke , Xu Hui , Che Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNephrotic syndrome (NS) is still a therapeutic challenge. To date there is no ideal treatment. Evidence suggest that multidrug therapy has more effect than monotherapy in amelioration of renal injury. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is the major active component of Salviae Miltio2rrhizae Bunge. Previous studies have demonstrated that SAA is a multi-target agent and has various pharmacological activities. The pleiotropic properties of SAA predict its potential in the treatment of NS. The study investigated the effect of SAA on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. The kidney function related-biochemical changes, hemorheological parameters and oxidative stress status were determined and histological examination using light and transmission electron microcopies and western blot analysis were also performed. Results revealed that treatment with SAA alleviated histological damages, relieved proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, reduced oxidative stress, as well as improving hemorheology. Furthermore, SAA restored podocin expression, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB p65 and p-IκBα while up-regulating IκBα protein expression. Overall, as a multifunctional agent, SAA has a favorable renoprotection in doxorubicin-induced nephropathy. The anti-inflammation, antioxidant, amelioration of podocyte injury, improvement of hemorheology and hypolipidemic properties may constituent an important part of its therapeutic effects. All these indicate that SAA is likely to be a promising agent for NS.