bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the Hologic vs the ICMR database in diagnosis of osteoporosis among South Indian subjects
Authors: Shetty Sahana , Kapoor Nitin , Naik Dukhabandhu , Asha Hesarghatta S , Thomas Nihal , Paul Thomas V 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackground and ObjectivesRecently, the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has published normative data for bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. However, the impact this has had on the diagnosis of osteoporosis when compared to currently used Caucasian databases has not been analysed. Hence, this study was undertaken to look at agreement between the Hologic Database (HD) based on BMD normative data in Caucasians and the ICMR database (ICMRD) in defining osteoporosis in subjects with or without hip fracture.Materials and MethodsIt is a cross ‐sectional study of 2976 subjects (men 341, women 2757) (mean age ± SD = 62·2 ± 7·2 years), including 316 subjects with low impact hip fracture: 2199 were from the hospital database, and 461 were healthy postmenopausal women from the community who underwent (DXA) scanning between January 2010 and March 2013. Recalculated T scores from ICMRD were used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and compared with HD.ResultsAn almost perfect agreement existed between the two databases for the diagnosis of osteoporosis at the hip (κ −0·82, P < 0·0001) in all subjects, and a moderate relationship existed in those with hip fracture (κ −0·65, P < 0·0001). Seventy‐three of 316 hip fracture subjects (23·5%) defined as osteoporosis according to HD were classified as osteopenia according to ICMRD.ConclusionThe threshold of hip BMDT score for treating osteoporosis may have to be redefined if the ICMR reference database is used. Initiation of treatment in these subjects must be based on multiple fracture risk factor assessment in addition to looking at BMD. Further studies with a larger sample size of subjects with fracture are needed to validate our findings.
Chronic kidney disease score for predicting postoperative masked renal insufficiency in patients with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Tanase‐Nakao Kanako , Naruse Mitsuhide , Nanba Kazutaka , Tsuiki Mika , Tagami Tetsuya , Usui Takeshi , Okuno Hiroshi , Shimatsu Akira , Hashimoto Shigeatsu , Katabami Takuyuki , Ogo Atsushi , Okumura Ataru , Umakoshi Hironobu , Suzuki Tomoko 
Published: May 2014

SummaryContextChronic kidney disease (CKD) is sometimes unmasked after unilateral adrenalectomy in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) without expectation.ObjectiveOur study aim was to elucidate factors responsible for developing postoperative CKD and to provide a simple scoring system to predict postoperative CKD in PA.Design and PatientsForty‐five patients with PA treated with unilateral adrenalectomy and followed for at least 1 month postsurgery were studied. Thirty‐one patients with non‐PA adrenal disease who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy were also studied as control. Patients with pre‐operative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1·73 m2 were excluded from both groups.ResultsA statistically significant (P < 0·001) decrease in eGFR was observed in PA group within 1 month of surgery, then stabilized. Of the 45 patients with PA, 17 (37·8%) developed CKD after surgery. None of the non‐PA group developed CKD after surgery. Of the pre‐operative variables, logistic regression analysis showed that lower eGFR and higher aldosterone‐to‐renin ratios (ARR) were the independent predictors for postoperative CKD in PA. Optimal cut‐off values of the two variables analysed with ROC curves were as follows: eGFR ≤ 76·9 ml/min/1·73 m2 and ARR ≥ 305. Using these data, we created a CKD score as a tool for predicting postoperative CKD, with an AUC for the score of 0·8866.ConclusionThe pre‐operative eGFR and ARR were the significant contributing factors for postoperative CKD in PA. By combining these independent factors, we created a CKD score which provides useful information before surgery about the risk for development of postoperative CKD.
Alcohol health literacy in young adults with Type 1 diabetes and its impact on diabetes management
Authors: Barnard K. D. , Dyson P. , Sinclair J. M. A. , Lawton J. , Anthony D. , Cranston M. , Holt R. I. G. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the knowledge of alcohol and carbohydrate content of commonly consumed alcoholic drinks among young adults with Type 1 diabetes and to explore alcohol consumption while identifying diabetes self‐management strategies used to minimize alcohol‐associated risk.MethodWe conducted an open‐access, multiple‐choice web survey to investigate knowledge of alcohol and carbohydrate content of typical alcoholic drinks using images. Respondents to the survey also recorded their current alcohol consumption and diabetes self‐management strategies when drinking.ResultsA total of 547 people aged 18–30 years responded to the survey (341 women; 192 men; mean (sd) age 24.5 (3.7) years), of whom 365 (66.7%) drank alcohol. In all, 84 (32.9%) women and 31 (22.6%) men scored higher than the cut‐off score for increased‐risk drinking. Knowledge accuracy of alcohol units was poor: only 7.3% (n = 40) correctly identified the alcohol content of six or more out of 10 drinks. Knowledge of carbohydrate content was also poor: no respondent correctly identified the carbohydrate content of six or more out of 10 drinks. Various and inconsistent strategies to minimize alcohol‐associated risk were reported.ConclusionsAlcohol consumption was common among the survey respondents, but knowledge of alcohol and carbohydrate content was poor. Greater alcohol‐related health literacy is required to minimize alcohol‐associated risk. Further research should help develop effective strategies to improve health literacy and support safe drinking for young adults with Type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes in people with an intellectual disability: a systematic review of prevalence, incidence and impact
Authors: McVilly K. , McGillivray J. , Curtis A. , Lehmann J. , Morrish L. , Speight J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo establish the prevalence and incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in people with an intellectual and developmental disability and determine their impact on health and well‐being and to appraise the evidence available to inform good practice in diabetes management for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.MethodsWe conducted separate searches of multiple databases (EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PUBMED and Cochrane Library) to find relevant articles.ResultsA total of 13 studies were identified: 13 addressed the prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual and developmental disability, three addressed the impact of diabetes on their health and well‐being and three addressed the management of diabetes. The prevalence of diabetes in people with intellectual and developmental disability remains uncertain, and the incidence of diabetes in this group of people is unknown. There is some evidence to support the assertion that people with intellectual and developmental disability might be at greater risk of diabetes than the general population. Overall, the quality of the evidence on which to base prevention and management strategies is variable.ConclusionsThere is a paucity of research focusing on the prevalence, incidence and impact of diabetes among people with intellectual and developmental disability. Further research is needed to inform policy and practice in this area and, in particular, work is needed to develop methodologies, evaluation tools, educational resources and diabetes care support services appropriate to the needs of people with intellectual and developmental disability.
Linagliptin improved glycaemic control without weight gain or hypoglycaemia in patients with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone: a 24‐week randomized, double‐blind study
Authors: Bajaj M. , Gilman R. , Patel S. , Kempthorne‐Rawson J. , Lewis‐D'Agostino D. , Woerle H.‐J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo investigate the efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor linagliptin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and pioglitazone.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study comparing linagliptin 5 mg once daily (n = 183) and placebo (n = 89) as add‐on to metformin and pioglitazone. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) after 24 weeks.ResultsThe placebo‐corrected adjusted mean (se) change in HbA1c from baseline to 24 weeks was –6 (1) mmol/mol [–0.57 (0.13)%] (P < 0.0001). In patients with baseline HbA1c ≥ 53 mmol/mol (7.0%), 32.4% of patients in the linagliptin group and 13.8% in the placebo group achieved HbA1c < 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) (odds ratio 2.94; P = 0.0033). The placebo‐corrected adjusted mean (se) change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose at week 24 was –0.57 (0.26) mmol/l [–10.4 (4.7) mg/dl] (P = 0.0280). The incidence of serious adverse events was 2.2% with linagliptin and 3.4% with placebo. Investigator‐defined hypoglycaemia occurred in 5.5% of the linagliptin group and 5.6% of the placebo group. No meaningful changes in mean body weight were noted for either group.ConclusionsLinagliptin as add‐on therapy to metformin and pioglitazone produced significant and clinically meaningful improvements in glycaemic control, without an additional risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain (Clinical Trials Registry No: NCT 00996658).
Cardiovascular risk profiles in relation to newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or HbA1c criteria in Chinese adults in Qingdao, China
Authors: Qie L. Y. , Sun J. P. , Ning F. , Pang Z. C. , Gao W. G. , Ren J. , Nan H. R. , Zhang L. , Qiao Q. ,   the Qingdao Diabetes Survey Group in 2006 and 2009
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo study the cardiovascular disease risk profiles in newly diagnosed diabetes diagnosed by either glucose or/and HbA1c criteria in Chinese adults.MethodsTwo population‐based cross‐sectional studies were conducted in 2006 and 2009, respectively. Data from 1987 men and 2815 women aged 35–74 years were analysed. Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined according to either glucose (fasting and/or 2‐h glucose), HbA1c or both criteria.ResultsAgeing, positive family history of diabetes, elevated levels of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides and γ‐glutamyl transferase were independently associated with newly diagnosed diabetes defined by glucose criterion alone, but not for diabetes defined by HbA1c criterion alone. Only waist circumference, total cholesterol and smoking were significantly associated with the presence of diabetes defined by HbA1c criterion alone.ConclusionsCardiovascular disease risk profiles were different in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes defined by the two diagnostic criteria for diabetes. This may have certain clinical implications on diabetes management and research.
Retracted: Comparison of vildagliptin and glimepiride: effects on glycaemic control, fat tolerance and inflammatory markers in people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Derosa G. , Bonaventura A. , Bianchi L. , Romano D. , Fogari E. , D'Angelo A. , Maffioli P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo compare the effects of vildagliptin with those of glimepiride on glycaemic control, fat tolerance and inflammatory markers in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving metformin treatment.MethodsA total of 167 participants were randomized to vildagliptin 50 mg twice a day or glimepiride 2 mg three times a day, for 6 months. We evaluated the following variables: BMI; glycaemic control; fasting plasma insulin; homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index; fasting plasma proinsulin; glucagon; lipid profile; adiponectin; high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein; interleukin‐6; and tumour necrosis factor‐α. A euglycaemic‐hyperinsulinaemic clamp procedure and an oral fat load test were also performed.ResultsDespite a similar decrease in HbA1c levels (P = 0.009, and P = 0.008, respectively), body weight increased with glimepiride (P = 0.048 vs baseline) and decreased with vildagliptin (P = 0.041 vs baseline and vs glimepiride). Fasting plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index were significantly lower with vildagliptin compared with glimepiride (P = 0.035 and 0.047). M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, increased with vildagliptin, both compared with baseline and with glimepiride (P = 0.028 and 0.039, respectively). Vildagliptin improved all post‐oral fat load peaks of lipid profile compared with glimepiride. Adiponectin levels were higher (P = 0.035) and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein levels were lower (P = 0.038) with vildagliptin vs glimepiride. During the oral fat load test, interleukin‐6, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor‐α peaks were lower and adiponectin peak was higher in the vildagliptin group than in the glimepiride group. There was a higher dropout rate as a result of hypoglycaemia in the glimepiride group than in the vildagliptin group.ConclusionsVildagliptin was more effective than glimepiride in reducing post‐oral fat load peaks of lipid‐trafficking adipocytokines and inflammatory markers.
Long‐term changes in dietary and food intake behaviour in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Authors: Jaacks L. M. , Ma Y. , Davis N. , Delahanty L. M. , Mayer‐Davis E. J. , Franks P. W. , Brown‐Friday J. , Isonaga M. , Kriska A. M. , Venditti E. M. , Wylie‐Rosett J. ,   the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimsTo compare change in dietary intake, with an emphasis on food groups and food intake behaviour, over time across treatment arms in a diabetes prevention trial and to assess the differences in dietary intake among demographic groups within treatment arms.MethodsData are from the Diabetes Prevention Program and Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Participants were randomized to a lifestyle intervention (n = 1079), metformin (n = 1073) or placebo (n = 1082) for an average of 3 years, after which the initial results regarding the benefits of the lifestyle intervention were released and all participants were offered a modified lifestyle intervention. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline and at 1, 5, 6 and 9 years after randomization.ResultsCompared with the metformin and placebo arms, participants in the lifestyle arm maintained a lower total fat and saturated fat and a higher fibre intake up to 9 years after randomization and lower intakes of red meat and sweets were maintained for up to 5 years. Younger participants had higher intakes of poultry and lower intakes of fruits compared with their older counterparts, particularly in the lifestyle arm. Black participants tended to have lower dairy and higher poultry intakes compared with white and Hispanic participants. In the lifestyle arm, men tended to have higher grain, fruit and fish intakes than women.ConclusionsChanges in nutrient intake among participants in the lifestyle intervention were maintained for up to 9 years. Younger participants reported more unhealthy diets over time and thus may benefit from additional support to achieve and maintain dietary goals.
Short‐ and long‐term racing performance ofStandardbred pacers and trotters after early surgical intervention for tarsal osteochondrosis
Authors: McCoy A. M. , Ralston S. L. , McCue M. E. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryReasons for performing studyOsteochondrosis (OC) is commonly diagnosed in youngStandardbred racehorses but its effect on performance when surgically treated at a young age is still incompletely understood. This is especially true forStandardbred pacers, which are underrepresented in the existing literature.ObjectiveTo characterise the short‐ (2‐year‐old) and long‐term (through 5‐year‐old) racing performance inStandardbred pacers and trotters after early surgical intervention (<17 months of age) for tarsalOC.Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsThe study population consisted of related, age‐matchedStandardbred racehorses (n = 278; 151 pacers, 127 trotters) with (n = 133) or without (n = 145) one or more tarsalOClesions. AllOC‐affected horses were treated surgically prior to being sold as yearlings. Data obtained from publicly available race records for each horse included starts, wins, finishes in the top 3 (win, place or show), earnings and fastest time. Comparisons betweenOC‐affected and unaffected horses were made for the entire population and within gaits. A smaller related population (n = 94) had these performance measures evaluated for their 2–5‐year‐old racing seasons.ResultsOsteochondrosis status was associated with few performance measures. Trotters were at higher risk for lesions of the medial malleolus but lower risk for lesions of the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia than were pacers. Horses with bilateralOClesions and lateral trochlear ridge (LTR) lesions started fewer races at 2 years of age than those with unilateral lesions or withoutLTRlesions.ConclusionsOsteochondrosis seemed to have minimal effect on racing performance in this cohort, although horses with bilateral andLTRlesions started fewer races at 2 years. There was evidence for different distribution ofOClesions among pacers and trotters, which should be explored further.Standardbreds undergoing early removal of tarsalOClesions can be expected to perform equivalently to their unaffected counterparts.
Freeze Shoe Sampler for the Collection of Hyporheic Zone Sediments and Porewater
Authors: Bianchin M. , Smith L. , Beckie R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe Starr and Ingleton (1992) drive point piston sampler (DPPS) design was modified by fitting it with a Murphy and Herkelrath (1996) type sample‐freezing drive shoe (SFDS), which uses liquid carbon dioxide as a cryogen. Liquid carbon dioxide was used to freeze sediments in the lower 0.1 m of the core and the drive‐point piston sealed the core at the top preserving the reductive‐oxidation (redox) sensitive sediments from the atmosphere and maintaining natural stratigraphy. The use of nitrogen gas to provide positive pressure on the gas system blocked the ingress of water which froze on contact with the cryogen thus blocking the gas lines with ice. With this adaptation to the gas system cores could be collected at greater depths beneath the static water level. This tool was used to collect intact saturated sediment cores from the hyporheic zone of the tidally influenced Fraser River in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada where steep geochemical and microbial gradients develop within the interface between discharging anaerobic groundwater and recharging aerobic river water. In total, 25 cores driven through a 1.5 m sampling interval were collected from the river bed with a mean core recovery of 75%. The ability to deploy this method from a fishing vessel makes the tool more cost effective than traditional marine‐based drilling operations which often use barges, tug boats, and drilling rigs.
Geothermal Waste Heat Utilization from In Situ Thermal Bitumen Recovery Operations
Authors: Nakevska Nevenka , Schincariol Robert A. , Dehkordi S. Emad , Cheadle Burns A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn situ thermal methods for bitumen extraction introduce a tremendous amount of energy into the reservoirs raising ambient temperatures of 13 °C to as high as 200 °C at the steam chamber edge and 50 °C along the reservoir edge. In essence these operations have unintentionally acted as underground thermal energy storage systems which can be recovered after completion of bitumen extraction activities. Groundwater flow and heat transport models of the Cold Lake, Alberta, reservoir, coupled with a borehole heat exchanger (BHE) model, allowed for investigating the use of closed‐loop geothermal systems for energy recovery. Three types of BHEs (single U‐tube, double U‐tube, coaxial) were tested and analyzed by comparing outlet temperatures and corresponding heat extraction rates. Initial one year continuous operation simulations show that the double U‐tube configuration had the best performance producing an average temperature difference of 5.7 °C, and an average heat extraction of 41 W/m. Given the top of the reservoir is at a depth of 400 m, polyethylene piping provided for larger extraction gains over more thermally conductive steel piping. Thirty year operation simulations illustrate that allowing 6 month cyclic recovery periods only increases the loop temperature gain by a factor of 1.2 over continuous operation. Due to the wide spacing of existing boreholes and reservoir depth, only a small fraction of the energy is efficiently recovered. Drilling additional boreholes between existing wells would increase energy extraction. In areas with shallower bitumen deposits such as the Athabasca region, i.e. 65 to 115 m deep, BHE efficiencies should be larger.
PermVeg: A Model to Design Crop Sequences for Permanent Vegetable Production Systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Huong P. T. T. , Everaarts A. P. , van den Berg W. , Neeteson J. J. , Struik P. C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe constraints in current vegetable production systems in the Red River Delta, Vietnam, in which vegetables are rotated with flooded rice, called for the design of alternative systems of permanent vegetable production. The practical model, PermVeg, was developed to generate vegetable crop sequences for permanent vegetable production, as based on a set of rules and restrictions. Permanent vegetable production systems were designed based on the following five scenarios: (i) increased profit, (ii) reduced labour requirement, (iii) decreased costs of pesticide use, (iv) improved crop biodiversity and (v) selected crops with low‐perishable products. PermVeg showed that theoretically all selected crop sequences in the different alternative systems increased farmers' income compared to the traditional system. The system with the highest profitability increased profit per hectare per day by a factor of three as compared to the traditional system. Labour requirement in days per hectare per day in a crop sequence also increased in all systems. Except for the system with low costs of pesticide use, permanent vegetable production systems had higher pesticide costs than the traditional, vegetable – flooded rice crop sequence. Given the model outcomes, permanent vegetable production systems can be an option to improve farmers' income, to provide labour opportunities, and, in the case of the high crop biodiversity system, to contribute to the development of sustainable production systems. The PermVeg model can act as a practical tool to rapidly explore crop sequence options and to help farmers' decision‐making.
Economic indicators predict changes in college student optimism for life events
Authors: Lench Heather C. , Bench Shane W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis investigation explored the extent to which an economic recession predicted changes in college students' optimism about the length and quality of their futures. In a cross‐sectional design, college students in the United States rated their likelihood of divorcing, being unhappy in their career, and living past age 60, at time points before, during, and in the aftermath of an economic recession (2007–2010). Economic indicators, particularly gas prices, predicted decreased optimism as the indicators worsened. After the recession, however, optimism rebounded. The findings reveal that people's expectations for their personal futures are generally sensitive to the state of the national economy.