bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Lifting and Physical Function among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Brown JC , Schmitz KH 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Breast cancer survivors may experience deterioration of physical function. This is important because poor physical function may be associated with premature mortality, injurious falls, bone fracture, and disability. We conducted a post hoc analysis to explore the potential efficacy of slowly-progressive weight lifting to reduce the incidence of physical function deterioration among breast cancer survivors. Methods: Between October 2005 and August 2008, we conducted a single-blind, 12-month, randomized controlled trial of twice-weekly slowly-progressive weight lifting or standard care among 295 non-metastatic breast cancer survivors. In this post hoc analysis of data from the Physical Activity and Lymphedema Trial, we examined incident deterioration of physical function after 12-months, defined as a ≥10-point decline in the physical function subscale of the Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36-item (SF-36) questionnaire. We calculated the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) using an unadjusted generalized linear model. Results: Study participants were 56 ± 9 years old (range 36–80). Median adherence to the weight lifting protocol was 81% over 12-months. As compared with the control group, the weight lifting group had greater improvements in upper- and lower-body strength at 12-months (both comparisons P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of participants who experienced incident physical function deterioration after 12-months was 16.3% (24/147) in the control group and 8.1% (12/148) in the weight lifting group [RR: 0.49 (95% CI, 0.25–0.96); P = 0.04]. No serious or unexpected adverse events occurred that were related to weight lifting. Conclusion: Slowly-progressive weight lifting compared to standard care reduced the incidence of physical function deterioration among breast cancer survivors. These data are hypothesis generating. Future studies should directly compare the efficacy of weight lifting to other modalities of exercise, such as brisk walking, to appropriately inform the development of a confirmatory study designed to preserve physical function among breast cancer survivors.
Prediagnostic Body-mass Index, Smoking and Prostate Cancer Survival: A Cohort Consortium Study of Over 10,000 White Men with Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yuan C , Cao Y , Chavarro J , Lindstrom S , Qiu W , Willett W , Hsing A , Kibel A , Rosner B , Stampfer M , Kra P , Ma J 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Few prospective studies have investigated the relationship between pre-diagnostic obesity, smoking and prostate cancer (PCa) survival by timing of measurement, by age at diagnosis, and evaluated the interaction between obesity and smoking. METHODS: We conducted a multinational survival analysis among 10,106 PCa cases (1,007 PCa deaths and 2,893 total deaths) from eight cohorts with an average of 8.2 years of follow up. Hazard ratio (HR) of PCa death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard model, adjusting for age, alcohol intake, diabetes status, cohort and duration between baseline and diagnosis and subsequently adjusted for tumor stage and grade. RESULTS: Higher prediagnostic BMI was related to higher risk of PCa death. With each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the multivariate HR for PCa death was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02–1.14) among overall participants (p-trend = 0.01) and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.18–1.51) among never or former smokers (p-trend &lt; 0.001). This positive trend for PCa mortality was mainly observed among men with BMI measured more than 5 years before diagnosis, and among those age &gt;65 years old at diagnosis. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had significantly elevated risk of PCa death, with a HR of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.52–2.43) regardless of the time of measurement, age at diagnosis and BMI. After further adjusting for tumor stage and grade, the association between BMI, smoking and PCa death was attenuated but remained statistical significant. CONCLUSIONS: In this consortium study of eight large cohorts, smoking and overweight/obesity before diagnosis were significant predictors for subsequent PCa-specific mortality. Smoking significantly modifies the association of BMI and PCa-specific mortality.
Decision Making about Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy Among BRCA1/2 Noncarriers with Newly-diagnosed Breast Cancer: Examining Cognitive, Emotional, and Sociodemographic Influences
Authors: Hamilton JG , Salerno M , Amoroso K , Sheehan M , Harlan Fleischut M , Glogowski E , Siegel B , Arnold AG , Salo-Mullen EE , Hay J , Offit K , Robson ME 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Pre-surgical BRCA1/2 genetic testing provides valuable risk information to guide a newly-diagnosed breast cancer patient's decision about whether to have a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) to reduce her future risk of cancer in her unaffected breast. Although BRCA1/2 mutation noncarriers face a much lower objective ten-year risk of developing contralateral disease (approximately 3–10%) as compared to the risk of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers (27–37%), some noncarriers still choose to undergo a CPM. The psychosocial factors that motivate this decision are not well understood and warrant investigation. Thus, as part of a prospective study of pre-surgical BRCA1/2 testing, we examined the frequency and psychosocial correlates of the decision to undergo a CPM among newly-diagnosed breast cancer patients who were identified as BRCA1/2 mutation noncarriers. Self-report questionnaire data from 90 BRCA1/2 noncarriers (median age = 43 years, range = 29–59) were analyzed. A sizeable minority of the BRCA1/2 noncarriers (24.4%) chose to undergo a CPM after learning their mutation status (compared to 88% of the 8 BRCA1/2 carriers in the sample). Both bivariate and multivariable analyses indicated that perceiving that one's physician had recommended CPM (OR = 11.17, P = 0.007), perceiving greater risk for contralateral breast cancer (OR = 6.46, P = 0.02), and perceiving greater pros of CPM (OR = 1.37, P = 0.004) were all significantly associated with noncarriers' decision to undergo CPM. However, factors including age, Ashkenazi Jewish ethnicity, breast cancer-related distress, perceived cons of CPM, and decisional conflict regarding CPM were not related to the CPM decision (all ps &gt; 0.05). Results demonstrate that although noncarriers' decision making regarding CPM was unrelated to sociodemographic and emotional factors, their cognitive perceptions of contralateral disease risk, surgical benefits, and physician recommendations were particularly important. Future studies should examine the content of patient-physician communication regarding CPM and hereditary risk in greater detail, and explore how these conversations shape and interact with women's past experiences, emotions, and beliefs to influence their cancer prevention decisions.
E-cigarette and Traditional Cigarette Use Among Smokers During Hospitalization and 6 Months Later
Authors: Harrington KF , Cheong J , Hendricks S , Kohler C , Bailey WC 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems, most commonly called e-cigarettes (e-cigs,) has been rising over the past few years, with the greatest use among traditional cigarette smokers. The utility and harm of this group of emerging tobacco products are under debate. While some propose them as novel tobacco cessation tools, others decry their potential for sustained addiction and negative health effects. We examined smokers' e-cig use and smoking behaviors at hospitalization and 6 months later. Methods: 979 smokers hospitalized at a tertiary care medical center were recruited to a longitudinal observational study and provided baseline data during hospitalization and 6-months later. Past 30-day (current) e-cig use and smoking rates at both baseline and 6-month follow-up were examined with t-tests. Chi square test examined baseline e-cig use and 6-month smoking status. Results: 823 (84.1%) participants provided data at both time points: mean age was 46 years; 53.6% were White, 44.0% were Black, and 2.5% other; 22.5% had less than a high school degree, 38.8% had a high school diploma/GED, and 38.7% had some college or more; 30.8% were married/domestic partner and 53.6% were male. Current e-cig use was reported by 171 (20.7%) at baseline and 246 (29.9%) at 6-month follow- up, with 98 (11.9%) reporting current e-cig use at both time points. At 6-months follow- up, 12.2% of baseline current e-cig users vs. 13.4% of baseline non-users reported quitting smoking (P = 0.80), with 22% of baseline e-cig users who quit still using e-cigs at 6–months follow-up. Baseline current e-cig users reported higher daily cigarette consumption (14.1 vs. 11.9; P = 0.010) at baseline but not 6-months later (10.3 vs. 9.8; P = 0.619); whereas, continuing smokers with current e-cig use at 6 months follow-up reported fewer cigarettes per day (8.4 vs. 10.5; P = 0.008). Conclusions: Among adult smokers, current e-cig use at hospitalization was associated with higher cigarette consumption at baseline but was not predictive of quitting or consumption (among continuing smokers) at 6-months follow-up. Further, current e-cig use at 6 months was associated with a greater reduction in cigarettes smoked per day among continuing smokers at 6-months after hospitalization.
Statewide Vaccine Registry Data Indicate High Number of Missed Opportunities for the HPV Vaccine Among Eligible Girls
Authors: Kepka D , Balch A , Warner E , Spigarelli M 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study investigates the rate of missed opportunities for the HPV vaccine among eligible girls using statewide vaccine registry data. Methods: Using data from the Utah Statewide Immunization Information System (USIIS) from 2008–2012 for approximately 55,000 girls ages 11–18, we assessed the frequency of missed opportunities (receipt of other recommended vaccinations such as TDap, MCV4, and/or flu and not the HPV vaccine) among eligible female patients for the HPV vaccine. USIIS is a free, confidential, web-based information system that contains immunization histories for Utah residents of all ages. Records of all persons born in Utah since 1998 are in USIIS. USIIS is designed to help enrolled healthcare providers track immunization records for patient care by consolidating immunizations from enrolled providers into one centralized record. Vaccine administration from 86% of healthcare providers in Utah is reported to USIIS. USIIS data used for the study include date of birth, age, gender, ethnicity and race, zip code, and date and type of vaccine received. Descriptive statistics and chi- square tests were used to assess rate of missed opportunities for the HPV vaccine and associated demographic factors. Results: Approximately 65% of preteens (ages 11–12; N = 2,593) and 32% of female teens (ages 13–18; N = 4,937) had a missed opportunity for the HPV vaccine between years 2008–2012 in Utah (P &lt; 0.001). Race and ethnicity related to rates of missed opportunities for the HPV vaccine among all girls ages 11–18 (Whites = 36%, N = 2,454; Hispanics = 21%, N = 254) (P &lt; 0.001). Rural and urban locations were also associated with rates of missed opportunities for the HPV vaccine (urban = 31%, N = 4,448; large rural town = 42%, N = 202) (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: For more than eight years, a vaccine to prevent cervical and other HPV-related cancers has been available, yet receipt of the 3-dose HPV vaccine in the United States is far below national goals for girls (33% vs. 80%; actual vs. target). Using statewide vaccine registry data, our study demonstrates that administering the HPV vaccine when providing other recommended adolescent vaccinations may dramatically improve rates of HPV vaccination among girls in a state with low HPV vaccine uptake. In addition, targeting rural communities and non-Hispanic White patients may further reduce missed opportunities.
Charitable Food Distribution Sites Offer Novel Opportunities for Cancer Prevention Research and Intervention Among Vulnerable, Hard-to-reach, and Underserved Populations
Authors: Higashi RT , Craddock Lee SJC , Leonard T , Cuate E , Pruitt SL 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
People who live in food-insecure households face significant unmet health needs. At the same time, this population may be under-represented in clinical research studies because of the population's limited and intermittent engagement with the health care system. We describe preliminary results of a research partnership between UT Southwestern Medical Center (UTSW) and Crossroads Community Services (CCS), the largest charitable food distributor of the North Texas Food Bank. The goal of the study is to improve understanding of this population's health- and mammography-related needs, knowledge and service utilization. Eight structured focus groups were conducted in English (n = 4) and Spanish (n = 4) at CCS. Discussions focused on 13 open-ended questions designed to solicit group communication about members' health status, healthcare access, mammography awareness and utilization, and attitudes toward participation in future health research. Participants included 42 CCS clients, about 90% of whom were Hispanic or African-American women. Key findings include: (1) Participants reported multiple co-morbid conditions among themselves and household members, yet utilization of health services was cost-dependent and often limited to emergency triage. (2) Many participants did not know what a mammogram was and utilization was closely linked to having health insurance, which most did not. (3) Despite reporting numerous daily life challenges, the majority were interested in participating in future research-related focus groups as a means of communicating their health needs and obtaining information and emotional support from peers. Recruitment from charitable food distribution sites will target a high-need, underserved population. The community-academic partnership between CCS and UTSW has created a robust foundation for cancer prevention research that has already produced important insights about the population's needs and willingness to participate in research. Ongoing research is focused on implementing longitudinal health assessments of CCS clients. These data will be used to guide future interventions to increase awareness and utilization of cancer prevention services, e.g. mammography, in a population facing multiple barriers to care.
Associations of Obesity with Prostate Cancer Risk Differ Between U.S. African-American and Non-Hispanic White Men: Results from the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial
Authors: Barrington WE , Schenk JM , Etzioni R , Arnold KB , Neuhouser ML , Thompson IM , Lucia MS , Kristal AR 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
African-American (AA) men have the highest rates of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in the US. Understanding underlying reasons for this disparity could identify preventive interventions important to AA men. PURPOSE: To determine whether the association of obesity with prostate cancer risk differs between AA and non-Hispanic white (NHW) men and whether obesity modifies the excess risk associated with AA race. METHODS: This is a prospective study among 3398 AA and 22673 NHW men who participated in the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (2001–2011). Using Cox regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with AA and NHW race and body mass index (BMI) [kg/m2] on total, low- (Gleason score &lt;7), and high-grade (Gleason score ≥7) prostate cancer incidence while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS: There were 270, 148, and 88 cases of total, low-, and high-grade prostate cancers among AA men and a corresponding 1453, 898, and 441 cases in NHW men (median follow-up of 5.6 years). BMI was not associated with risk of total cancer among NHW men, but was positively associated with risk among AA men (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥35 kg/m2, HR = 1.49; 95% CI, 0.95–2.34; Ptrend = 0.03). Consequently, the risk associated with AA race increased from 28% (HR = 1.28; 95% CI, 0.91–1.80) among men with BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 to 103% (HR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.38–2.98) among AA men with BMI≥35 kg/m2 (Ptrend = 0.03). BMI was inversely associated with low-grade prostate cancer risk among NHW men (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥35 kg/m2, HR = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.58–1.09; Ptrend = 0.02), but positively associated with risk among AA men (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥35 kg/m2, HR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.14–2.76; Ptrend = 0.05). BMI was positively associated with risk of high-grade prostate cancer in both NHW (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥35 kg/m2, HR = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.90–1.97; Ptrend = 0.01) and AA men (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2 vs. ≥35 kg/m2, HR = 1.81; 95% CI, 0.79–4.11; Ptrend = 0.02), but associations were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Obesity is more strongly associated with increased prostate cancer risk among AA than NHW men and reducing obesity among AA men could reduce the racial disparity in cancer incidence. Research is needed to test mechanisms underpinning these associations.
Prevalence of Major Risk Factors and Use of Screening Tests for Cancer in the United States
Authors: Fedewa Stacey A. , Sauer Ann Goding , Siegel Rebecca L. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMuch of the suffering and death from cancer could be prevented by more systematic efforts to reduce tobacco use, improve diet, increase physical activity, reduce obesity, and expand the use of established screening tests. Monitoring the prevalence of cancer risk factors and screening is important to measure progress and strengthen cancer prevention and early detection efforts. In this review article, we provide recent prevalence estimates for several cancer risk factors, including tobacco, obesity, physical activity, nutrition, ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B vaccination coverage and cancer screening prevalence in the United States. In 2013, cigarette smoking prevalence was 17.8% among adults nationally, but ranged from 10.3% in Utah to 27.3% in West Virginia. In addition, 15.7% of U.S. high school students were current smokers. In 2011–2012, obesity prevalence was high among both adults (34.9%) and adolescents (20.5%), but has leveled off since 2002. About 20.2% of high school girls were users of indoor tanning devices, compared with 5.3% of boys. In 2013, cancer screening prevalence ranged from 58.6% for colorectal cancer to 80.8% for cervical cancer and remains low among the uninsured, particularly for colorectal cancer screening where only 21.9% of eligible adults received recommended colorectal cancer screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(4); 637–52. ©2015 AACR.
Correlation between Prostate-Specific Antigen Kinetics and Overall Survival in Abiraterone Acetate–Treated Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Xu Xu S. , Ryan Charles J. , Stuyckens Kim , Smith Matthew R. , Saad Fred , Griffin Thomas W. , Park Youn C. , Yu Margaret K. , Vermeulen An , Poggesi Italo , Nandy Partha 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: We constructed a biomarker-survival modeling framework to explore the relationship between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients following oral administration of 1,000 mg/day of abiraterone acetate (AA).
Experimental Design: The PSA-survival modeling framework was based on data from two phase III studies, COU-AA-301 (chemotherapy pretreated, n = 1,184) and COU-AA-302 (chemotherapy naïve, n = 1,081), and included a mixed-effects tumor growth inhibition model and a Cox proportional hazards survival model.
Results: The effect of AA on PSA kinetics was significant (P &lt; 0.0001) and comparable between the chemotherapy-naïve and -pretreated patients. PSA kinetics [e.g., PSA nadir, PSA response rate (≥30%, 50%, and 90%), time to PSA progression, PSA doubling time (PSADT)] were highly associated with OS in both populations. The model-based posttreatment PSADT had the strongest association with OS (HR ∼0.9 in both populations). The models could accurately predict survival outcomes. After adjusting for PSA kinetic endpoints, the treatment effect of AA on survival was no longer statistically significant in both studies, and the Prentice criteria of surrogacy were met for the PSA kinetic endpoints. A strong correlation was also observed between PSA and radiographic progression-free survival.
Conclusions: The analysis revealed a consistent treatment effect of AA on PSA kinetics and strong associations between PSA kinetics and OS in chemotherapy-pretreated and -naïve patients, thereby providing a rationale to consider PSA kinetics as surrogacy endpoints to indicate clinical benefit in AA-treated patients with mCRPC regardless of chemotherapy treatment. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3170–7. ©2015 AACR.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: In Search of Cetuximab's First Indication—Combination Therapy with Irinotecan in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hicklin Daniel J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The research article by Prewett and colleagues, published in the May 1, 2002, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, provided important translational data that extended earlier preclinical and clinical studies with the human–murine chimeric anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody C225. Subsequent clinical trials with C225 led to the demonstration of its efficacy in combination with irinotecan and regulatory approval for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(7); 1505–7. ©2015 AACR.
See related article by Prewett et al., Clin Cancer Res 2002;8(5) May 2002;994–1003
Detection and Dynamic Changes of EGFR Mutations from Circulating Tumor DNA as a Predictor of Survival Outcomes in NSCLC Patients Treated with First-line Intercalated Erlotinib and Chemotherapy
Authors: Mok Tony , Wu Yi-Long , Lee Jin Soo , Yu Chong-Jen , Sriuranpong Virote , Sandoval-Tan Jennifer , Ladrera Guia , Thongprasert Sumitra , Srimuninnimit Vichien , Liao Meilin , Zhu Yunzhong , Zhou Caicun , Fuerte Fatima , Margono Benjamin , Wen Wei , Tsai Julie , Truman Matt , Klughammer Barbara , Shames David S. , Wu Lin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Blood-based circulating-free (cf) tumor DNA may be an alternative to tissue-based EGFR mutation testing in NSCLC. This exploratory analysis compares matched tumor and blood samples from the FASTACT-2 study.
Experimental Design: Patients were randomized to receive six cycles of gemcitabine/platinum plus sequential erlotinib or placebo. EGFR mutation testing was performed using the cobas tissue test and the cobas blood test (in development). Blood samples at baseline, cycle 3, and progression were assessed for blood test detection rate, sensitivity, and specificity; concordance with matched tumor analysis (n = 238), and correlation with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: Concordance between tissue and blood tests was 88%, with blood test sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 96%. Median PFS was 13.1 versus 6.0 months for erlotinib and placebo, respectively, for those with baseline EGFR mut+ cfDNA [HR, 0.22; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.14–0.33, P &lt; 0.0001] and 6.2 versus 6.1 months, respectively, for the EGFR mut− cfDNA subgroup (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.65–1.04, P = 0.1076). For patients with EGFR mut+ cfDNA at baseline, median PFS was 7.2 versus 12.0 months for cycle 3 EGFR mut+ cfDNA versus cycle 3 EGFR mut− patients, respectively (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.21–0.48, P &lt; 0.0001); median OS by cycle 3 status was 18.2 and 31.9 months, respectively (HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31–0.84, P = 0.0066).
Conclusions: Blood-based EGFR mutation analysis is relatively sensitive and highly specific. Dynamic changes in cfDNA EGFR mutation status relative to baseline may predict clinical outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3196–203. ©2015 AACR.