bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HMGB1 on the Paracrine Action of EPC Promotes Post-Ischemic Neovascularization in Mice
Authors: Chen Chao , Lin Xiaojie , Wang Jixian , Tang Guanghui , Mu Zhihao , Chen Xiaoyan , Xu Jin , Wang Yongting , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) leads to better outcomes in experimental stroke, but the mechanism remains unclear. It was reported that astrocytic-high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) promoted endogenous EPC-mediated neurovascular remodeling during stroke recovery. It is unclear whether HMGB1 involves in exogenous EPC-mediated stroke recovery. In this study, we aim to explore whether microglial HMGB1 contributes to human peripheral blood-derived (hPB)-EPCs-mediated neurovascular remodeling by modulating the paracrine function of exogenous hPB-EPCs. Coculturing hPB-EPCs with lipopolysaccharides stimulated BV2 cells upregulated Interleukin-8 expression in hPB-EPCs; this was blocked by treating BV2 cells with HMGB1 inhibitor Glycyrrhizin. Conditioned medium (CM) of hPB-EPCs cocultured with BV2 cells promoted the viability and tube formation of human umbilical cord vein cells. Inhibiting either HMGB1 or IL-8 could block the effect of hPB-EPCs CM. In vivo study showed hPB-EPCs transplantation improved neurobehavioral outcomes, reduced brain atrophy volume, and enhanced neovascularization in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mice. Intraperitoneally administration of HMGB1 inhibitor glycyrrhizin blocked the beneficial effect of hPB-EPC transplantation. We did not observe the integration of green fluorescent protein-labeled hPB-EPCs with microvessels in peri-infarct areas at day-14 after tMCAO. In summary, the result suggested that HMGB1 upregulation in postischemic brain could promote exogenous hPB-EPC-mediated stroke recovery by modulating paracrine function of hPB-EPCs. Stem Cells 2014;32:2679–2689
Multidisciplinary design modeling and optimizationfor satellite with maneuver capability
Authors: Huang Hai , An Haichao , Wu Wenrui , Zhang Lingyan , Wu Beibei , Li Weipeng 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
According to the mission of a satellite with maneuver capability, the collaborative optimization (CO) method was introduced for the satellite system design, and the related multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) model was established. The possessing and needed velocity increments Δv and Δv

n
e
e
d
were taken as the measurement of maneuvering capability of the studied satellite, which were then combined with total mass of the satellite to form the optimization objective in the systematic level of the MDO problem. The design variables and constraints of the MDO problem dealt with disciplines or subsystems as guidance, navigation and control (GNC), power, and structure, and corresponding engineering analysis models were also built. A program system to solve the MDO problem wasdeveloped by integrating a non-nested CO method, the commercial and user-supplied codes on framework software iSIGHT. The result showed that the satellite performance could be obviously improved, which also indicates MDO technique is feasible and effective for the spacecraft design problem. The modeling and optimization procedure of the work can be referred for further research and engineering design.
Temporary sterilization behavior of mutualistic partner ants in a Southeast Asian myrmecophyte
Authors: Fiala Brigitte , Meyer Ute , bin Hashim Rosli , Maschwitz Ulrich 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObligate ant–plant interactions are known to be mutualistic but plant‐ants that destroy flowers of their hosts have been reported. They were regarded as parasites in myrmecophytic systems. The mechanisms that lead to flower damage (sterilization) by plant‐ants are not easy to understand as most sterilizing ants are actually regular colonizers of their plants and normally offer protection against herbivores and/or plant competition. It is difficult to find general patterns of ant or plant traits even in the few yet known associations of flower sterilization. We here present the first study from Southeast Asia where flower sterilizing occurs in the complex mutualistic Macaranga–Crematogaster system that differs from other cases. Flowers of M. hullettii in the Gombak Valley were destroyed by all three associated specific and otherwise protective Crematogaster species. The hypotheses that limitation of nesting space or food are main proximate factors for flower destruction were not strongly supported in our study system. Ants are even attracted to flowers by special food bodies produced by the plants. Only younger, not yet reproductive colonies were found to destroy flowers but not colonies with alates, indicating that flower sterilization behavior may only occur when the onset of host reproduction precedes ant reproduction, perhaps leading to a change in ant behavior. Fruit set always occurred in larger trees, and saplings for colonizing ant queens were therefore always present in the local population, stabilizing the association.
Hypercholesterolemia Increases Plasma Saturated and n‐6 Fatty Acids Altering Prostaglandin Homeostasis and Promotes Endothelial Dysfunction in Rabbits
Authors: Medina M. , Alberto M. R. , Sierra L. , Van Nieuwenhove C. , Saad S. , Isla M. I. , Jerez S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present study evaluated the plasma fatty acid levels and the vascular prostaglandin (PG) release in a rabbit model of early hypercholesterolemia with endothelial dysfunction. Rabbits were fed either a control diet (CD) or a diet containing 1 % cholesterol (HD) for 5–6 weeks. The level of fatty acids was measured in plasma. The levels of PG and nitric oxide (NO) released from the aorta were also determined. Vascular morphology of the aorta was characterized by intima and media thickness measurements. The rabbits fed with HD had higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) and lower levels of oleic acid. The linoleic acid level was unchanged. PGI2 and NO were diminished and PGF2α levels, the PGI2/TXA2 ratio and the intima/media ratio were increased in rabbits fed with HD. In conclusion, feeding HD for a short period increased ARA plasma levels and unbalanced release of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor PG redirected the pathway to vasoconstrictor metabolite release. These lipid metabolism alterations in addition to the reduced NO levels and the moderate changes in the vascular morphology contributed to the endothelial dysfunction in this animal model. Therefore, the present findings support the importance of early correction or prevention of high cholesterol levels to disrupt the endothelial dysfunction process that leads to cardiovascular disease.
Peri-operative complications in pediatric and adolescent shoulder arthroscopy
Authors: Edmonds Eric W. , Lewallen Laura W. , Murphy Michael , Dahm Diane , McIntosh Amy L. 
Published: May 2014

Background Shoulder arthroscopy is not common in the pediatric and adolescent population, but the frequency may be on the rise. The purpose of the study was to determine the incidence of acute complications of arthroscopic shoulder surgery in children and adolescents. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional review was performed identifying patients aged 18 years or less who underwent an arthroscopic shoulder procedure from 1997 to 2009 at Institution 1 and 2007 to 2010 at Institution 2. Exclusion criteria included open procedures and missing records. Demographic and surgical data were collected, including intra-operative and post-operative complications during the first 6 months. The complications were divided into minor (no secondary treatment) and major (secondary treatment rendered). Results Two hundred children, mean age 15.9 years, met criteria and 73 % were boys. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia, but 51 % included inter-scalene regional anesthesia. There were 16 (8.0 %) total complications recorded. Major complications occurred in five (2.5 %) patients, including two tendinitis/bursitis requiring injections, one broken pain pump catheter requiring an accessory incision to retrieve, one pain control readmission, and one laceration of the cephalic vein requiring ligation. Minor complications occurred in 11 (5.5 %) patients, including allergic reactions, transient dysesthesias, headaches, bronchitis, syncope, transient hypotension, and uvula swelling. Conclusion Although we found no seriously deleterious outcomes, it is important to recognize that an additional service was rendered for 2.5 % of children undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. The events that did occur may be preventable and this study should serve as a baseline to improve quality and safety of shoulder arthroscopy in the pediatric population.
The prevalence of bifid iliopsoas tendon on MRI in children
Authors: Crompton Thomas , Lloyd Claire , Kokkinakis Michail , Norman-Taylor Fabian 
Published: May 2014

Objective The variation in the anatomy of the iliopsoas tendon is important information for orthopaedic surgeons operating around the hip. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of bifid iliopsoas tendons in children on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods MRI hip and pelvis images of 50 sequential children aged 7–15 years were retrieved from our radiology database at the Evelina London Children's Hospital from 2007 to 2013. Included were 37 children with imaging of both hips and 13 children with imaging of one hip only. Therefore, our study was based on a total of 87 hips. Results At least 1 bifid tendon was noted in 13 children (26 %). Five children from a total of 37 (14 %) with both hips adequately imaged had bilateral bifid tendons. Among all 87 adequately imaged hips, 18 (21 %) were found to have two discrete distal iliopsoas tendons. Conclusions Bifid iliopsoas tendon is noted anecdotally by surgeons but was only reported in scattered case reports and a few anatomical studies until very recently. Our finding is that a bifid iliopsoas tendon with two distinct tendinous components at the level of the hip joint is quite common. This has clinical significance, particularly in children's orthopaedic surgery when an adequate iliopsoas release is important.
11β-HSD1 is the major regulator of the tissue-specific effects of circulating glucocorticoid excess
Authors: Morgan Stuart A. , McCabe Emma L. , Gathercole Laura L. , Hassan-Smith Zaki K. , Larner Dean P. , Bujalska Iwona J. , Stewart Paul M. , Tomlinson Jeremy W. , Lavery Gareth G. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Glucocorticoids are widely prescribed for their anti-inflammatory properties but have Cushingoid side effects that contribute significantly to patient morbidity and mortality. Here we present data to demonstrate that the adverse side-effect profile associated with exogenous active glucocorticoid (GC) administration (including glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, increased adiposity, and myopathy) is prevented by global deletion of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in mice. This study not only defines a significant shift in our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underpinning the adverse side effects associated with GC use but also raises the possibility of targeting 11β-HSD1 as a novel adjunctive therapy in the treatment of Cushing syndrome.
Methylated glycans as conserved targets of animal and fungal innate defense
Authors: Wohlschlager Therese , Butschi Alex , Grassi Paola , Sutov Grigorij , Gauss Robert , Hauck Dirk , Schmieder Stefanie S. , Knobel Martin , Titz Alexander , Dell Anne , Haslam Stuart M. , Hengartner Michael O. , Aebi Markus , Künzler Markus 
Published: May 2014

Significance
Defense mechanisms against predators, parasites, and pathogens are a hallmark of all multicellular life forms. A conserved defense mechanism is the production of toxic proteins. Because of the limited number of innate defense effectors in a specific host organism, the target epitopes of such toxins are usually highly conserved or occur in different molecular contexts to cover a large spectrum of antagonists. Because glycan epitopes are part of different surface-displayed glycoconjugates in different organisms, carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) are the prevailing type of protein toxins in many multicellular organisms. Here we provide evidence that defense lectins can be specific for secondary glycan modifications, such as O-methylation, thereby broadening the range of target organisms.
Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF)-type ubiquitin ligase FBXW7 negatively regulates spermatogonial stem cell self-renewal
Authors: Kanatsu-Shinohara Mito , Onoyama Ichiro , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Shinohara Takashi 
Published: May 2014

SignificanceSpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are at the foundation of spermatogenesis. Previous studies on SSC self-renewal have focused on the positive regulation, but we hypothesized that negative regulation of self-renewal is equally important in understanding SSC self-renewal. We show here that F-box and WD-40 domain protein 7 (FBXW7), a component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box–type ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates SSC self-renewal. FBXW7 is expressed only in the undifferentiated spermatogonia compartment, and its overexpression compromises SSC activity whereasFbxw7deficiency enhances SSC colonization and caused accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. We also demonstrate that FBXW7 regulates stability of myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC), which increased SSC activity upon overexpression. These results suggest that FBXW7 counteracts with positive regulators of self-renewal by degrading MYC and demonstrate the importance of negative regulators of self-renewal in understanding SSC homeostasis.
Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF on Antiretroviral Therapy-Associated Tuberculosis and Mortality: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mupfumi L. , Makamure B. , Chirehwa M. , Sagonda T. , Zinyowera S. , Mason P. , Metcalfe J. Z. , Mutetwa R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroduction.  GeneXpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) is now widely distributed in high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis (TB)-burden countries. Yet, whether the test improves patient-important outcomes within HIV treatment programs in limited resource settings is unknown.Methods.  To investigate whether use of Xpert for TB screening prior to initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) improves patient-important outcomes, in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial we assigned 424 patients to Xpert or fluorescence sputum smear microscopy (FM) at ART initiation. The primary endpoint was a composite of 3-month mortality and ART-associated TB.Results.  There was no difference in overall TB diagnosis at ART initiation (20% [n = 43] Xpert vs 21% [n = 45] FM; P = .80), with most patients in both groups treated empirically. There was no difference in time to TB treatment initiation {5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3–13) vs 8 days [IQR, 3–23; P = .26]} or loss to follow-up (32 [15%] vs 38 [18%]; P = 0.38). Although a nonsignificant reduction in mortality occurred in the Xpert group (11 [6%] vs 17 [10%]; 95% CI, −9% to 2%; P = .19), there was no difference in the composite outcome (9% [n = 17] Xpert vs 12% [n = 21] FM; difference −3%; 95% CI, −9% to 4%).Conclusions.  Among HIV-infected initiating ART, centralized TB screening with Xpert did not reduce the rate of ART-associated TB and mortality, compared with fluorescence microscopy.
Biofeedback for Sport and Performance Enhancement
Authors: Blumenstein Boris , Orbach Iris 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The technology of biofeedback has great promise for sport psychology and specifically for psychological skills training. Psychological skills learned through biofeedback training can be applied in practice and competition and can lead to improved athletic performance. This chapter includes a brief literature review of biofeedback and biofeedback training and describes the current state of biofeedback research in sport and its implications for athletic performance enhancement. Further, biofeedback training models such as the Wingate Five-Step Approach and the Learning-Modification-Application (LMA) Approach, based on the periodization principle, are presented. Finally, future directions and conclusions for the integration of biofeedback training as part of athletic preparation are presented.
In Planta Recognition of a Double-Stranded RNA Synthesis Protein Complex by a Potexviral RNA Silencing Suppressor
Authors: Okano Yukari , Senshu Hiroko , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Neriya Yutaro , Netsu Osamu , Minato Nami , Yoshida Tetsuya , Maejima Kensaku , Oshima Kenro , Komatsu Ken , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou 
Published: May 2014

AbstractRNA silencing plays an important antiviral role in plants and invertebrates. To counteract antiviral RNA silencing, most plant viruses have evolved viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). TRIPLE GENE BLOCK PROTEIN1 (TGBp1) of potexviruses is a well-characterized VSR, but the detailed mechanism by which it suppresses RNA silencing remains unclear. We demonstrate that transgenic expression of TGBp1 of plantago asiatica mosaic virus (PlAMV) induced developmental abnormalities in Arabidopsis thaliana similar to those observed in mutants of SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING3 (SGS3) and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE6 (RDR6) required for the trans-acting small interfering RNA synthesis pathway. PlAMV-TGBp1 inhibits SGS3/RDR6-dependent double-stranded RNA synthesis in the trans-acting small interfering RNA pathway. TGBp1 interacts with SGS3 and RDR6 and coaggregates with SGS3/RDR6 bodies, which are normally dispersed in the cytoplasm. In addition, TGBp1 forms homooligomers, whose formation coincides with TGBp1 aggregation with SGS3/RDR6 bodies. These results reveal the detailed molecular function of TGBp1 as a VSR and shed new light on the SGS3/RDR6-dependent double-stranded RNA synthesis pathway as another general target of VSRs.
Conditional Depletion of the Chlamydomonas Chloroplast ClpP Protease Activates Nuclear Genes Involved in Autophagy and Plastid Protein Quality Control
Authors: Ramundo Silvia , Casero David , Mühlhaus Timo , Hemme Dorothea , Sommer Frederik , Crèvecoeur Michèle , Rahire Michèle , Schroda Michael , Rusch Jannette , Goodenough Ursula , Pellegrini Matteo , Perez-Perez Maria Esther , Crespo José Luis , Schaad Olivier , Civic Natacha , Rochaix Jean David 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Plastid protein homeostasis is critical during chloroplast biogenesis and responses to changes in environmental conditions. Proteases and molecular chaperones involved in plastid protein quality control are encoded by the nucleus except for the catalytic subunit of ClpP, an evolutionarily conserved serine protease. Unlike its Escherichia coli ortholog, this chloroplast protease is essential for cell viability. To study its function, we used a recently developed system of repressible chloroplast gene expression in the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Using this repressible system, we have shown that a selective gradual depletion of ClpP leads to alteration of chloroplast morphology, causes formation of vesicles, and induces extensive cytoplasmic vacuolization that is reminiscent of autophagy. Analysis of the transcriptome and proteome during ClpP depletion revealed a set of proteins that are more abundant at the protein level, but not at the RNA level. These proteins may comprise some of the ClpP substrates. Moreover, the specific increase in accumulation, both at the RNA and protein level, of small heat shock proteins, chaperones, proteases, and proteins involved in thylakoid maintenance upon perturbation of plastid protein homeostasis suggests the existence of a chloroplast-to-nucleus signaling pathway involved in organelle quality control. We suggest that this represents a chloroplast unfolded protein response that is conceptually similar to that observed in the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria.
Are leaf functional traits ‘invariant’ with plant size and what is ‘invariance’ anyway?
Authors: Price Charles A. , Wright Ian J. , Ackerly David D. , Niinemets Ülo , Reich Peter B. , Veneklaas Erik J. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryStudies of size‐related plant traits have established a suite of mathematical functions describing whole plant investment and allocation. In parallel, studies of plant ‘economic spectra’ have measured the scaling and variance composition of traits related to the major dimensions of both structure and function. Here, we explore the intersection of these two broad areas by exploring the notion that many leaf economic traits are invariant with species differences in adult plant size. Invariant traits are those that do not change with plant size and are invoked as a key simplifying assumption of prominent models that purport to explain the scaling of plant size and metabolism. Unfortunately, leaf trait invariance is neither well defined nor understood and has never been critically evaluated.Using a global plant trait data set, we evaluated whether nine key traits can be considered as effectively invariant as a function of the maximum height of plant species, within and across plant growth forms and within and across broad taxonomic groups. We also examine the influence of habitat, biome and global spatial scales on the size‐relative variance in plant functional traits.We suggest that while invariance is an intuitive concept, an objective statistical definition is elusive. Expanding on ideas drawn from the study of life‐history invariants, we propose five criteria to identify traits that are effectively invariant, depending on the research question.We show that all studied ‘leaf economic spectrum’ (LES) traits approach invariance within and between herbaceous and woody plant groups, angiosperms and gymnosperms, and within most biome and habitat types. Individual leaf area, however, shows a modest increase with plant size, and there are significant shifts in the averageLEStrait values at a given plant maximum height, among the plant growth forms and taxonomic groups.Our results demonstrate that generally,LEStraits show little interspecific variation with maximum plant height, which provides some support for attempts to model plants with ‘average’ leaf properties. Our work also highlights the need for a better understanding of the drivers of leaf size variation within and across individuals, functional groups, clades, biomes and habitats.