bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Question Types, Responsiveness and Self‐contradictions when Prosecutors and Defense Attorneys Question Alleged Victims of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Andrews Samantha J. , Lamb Michael E. , Lyon Thomas D. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe examined 120 trial transcripts of 6‐ to 12‐year‐old children testifying to sexual abuse. Age and attorney role were analyzed in relation to question types, children's responsiveness and self‐contradiction frequency. A total of 48,716 question–response pairs were identified. Attorneys used more closed‐ended than open‐ended prompts. Prosecutors used more invitations (3% vs. 0%), directives, and option‐posing prompts than defense attorneys, who used more suggestive prompts than prosecutors. Children were more unresponsive to defense attorneys than to prosecutors. Self‐contradictions were identified in 95% of the cases. Defense attorneys elicited more self‐contradictions than prosecutors, but nearly all prosecutors (86%) elicited at least one self‐contradiction. Suggestive questions elicited more self‐contradictions than any other prompt type. There were no associations with age. These findings suggest that neither prosecutors nor defense attorneys question children in developmentally appropriate ways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Talking About Behaviors in the Passive Voice Increases Task Performance
Authors: Senay Ibrahim , Usak Muhammet , Prokop Pavol 
Published: December 2014

SummarySelf‐talk can help people redirect their attention focused on themselves to the tasks they are working on with important consequences for their task performance. Across four experiments and two different types of languages, Turkish and Slovak, people describing their own behaviors to themselves, as well as merely reading or writing sentences depicting some fictitious events, in the passive (vs. the active) voice performed better on various tasks of motor and verbal performance. The effect was present to the extent that people maintained their control over task‐distracting thoughts or felt more responsible for their task success/failure. In sum, talking about task behaviors in the passive voice may increase the perceived role of task‐related factors while decreasing the role of agent‐related factors in achieving task success, whereby the task focus, hence performance, increases. The results are important for understanding the role of self‐talk in performance with implications for changing important outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A large animal model of spinal muscular atrophy and correction of phenotype
Authors: Duque Sandra I. , Arnold W. David , Odermatt Philipp , Li Xiaohui , Porensky Paul N. , Schmelzer Leah , Meyer Kathrin , Kolb Stephen J. , Schümperli Daniel , Kaspar Brian K. , Burghes Arthur H. M. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by reduced levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, which results in motoneuron loss. Therapeutic strategies to increase SMN levels including drug compounds, antisense oligonucleotides, and scAAV9 gene therapy have proved effective in mice. We wished to determine whether reduction of SMN in postnatal motoneurons resulted in SMA in a large animal model, whether SMA could be corrected after development of muscle weakness, and the response of clinically relevant biomarkers.MethodsUsing intrathecal delivery of scAAV9 expressing an shRNA targeting pig SMN1, SMN was knocked down in motoneurons postnatally to SMA levels. This resulted in an SMA phenotype representing the first large animal model of SMA. Restoration of SMN was performed at different time points with scAAV9 expressing human SMN (scAAV9‐SMN), and electrophysiology measurements and pathology were performed.ResultsKnockdown of SMN in postnatal motoneurons results in overt proximal weakness, fibrillations on electromyography indicating active denervation, and reduced compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit number estimation (MUNE), as in human SMA. Neuropathology showed loss of motoneurons and motor axons. Presymptomatic delivery of scAAV9‐SMN prevented SMA symptoms, indicating that all changes are SMN dependent. Delivery of scAAV9‐SMN after symptom onset had a marked impact on phenotype, electrophysiological measures, and pathology.InterpretationHigh SMN levels are critical in postnatal motoneurons, and reduction of SMN results in an SMA phenotype that is SMN dependent. Importantly, clinically relevant biomarkers including CMAP and MUNE are responsive to SMN restoration, and abrogation of phenotype can be achieved even after symptom onset. Ann Neurol 2015;77:399–414
A Hierarchical Tin/Carbon Composite as an Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with a Long Cycle Life
Authors: Huang Xingkang , Cui Shumao , Chang Jingbo , Hallac Peter B. , Fell Christopher R. , Luo Yanting , Metz Bernhard , Jiang Junwei , Hurley Patrick T. , Chen Junhong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTin is a promising anode candidate for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries with a high energy density, but suffers from the huge volume change (ca. 260 %) upon lithiation. To address this issue, here we report a new hierarchical tin/carbon composite in which some of the nanosized Sn particles are anchored on the tips of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are rooted on the exterior surfaces of micro‐sized hollow carbon cubes while other Sn nanoparticles are encapsulated in hollow carbon cubes. Such a hierarchical structure possesses a robust framework with rich voids, which allows Sn to alleviate its mechanical strain without forming cracks and pulverization upon lithiation/de‐lithiation. As a result, the Sn/C composite exhibits an excellent cyclic performance, namely, retaining a capacity of 537 mAh g−1 for around 1000 cycles without obvious decay at a high current density of 3000 mA g−1.
Acquired Superoxide‐Scavenging Ability of Ceria Nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , He Xiao , Yin Jun‐Jie , Ma Yuhui , Zhang Peng , Li Jingyuan , Ding Yayun , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yuliang , Chai Zhifang , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCeria nanoparticles (nanoceria) are well known as a superoxide scavenger. However, inherent superoxide‐scavenging ability has only been found in the nanoceria with sizes of less than 5 nm and with very limited shape diversity. Reported herein is a strategy to significantly improve the superoxide‐scavenging activity of nanoceria sized at greater than 5 nm. The nanoceria with sizes of greater than 5 nm, with different shapes, and with a negligible Ce3+/Ce4+ ratio can acquire remarkable superoxide‐scavenging abilities through electron transfer. This method will make it possible to develop nanoceria‐based superoxide‐scavengers with long‐acting activity and tailorable characteristics.
„[…︁] mein Recht muss mir werden!“ Hermann Bahrs TragikomödieDer Querulant(1914)
Authors: Gaderer Rupert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract“[…︁] mein Recht muss mir werden!” Hermann Bahr’s Tragicomedy­Der Querulant­(1914).At the end of the eighteenth century, people who became notorious for their excessive engagement in legal proceedings started being labeled as “querulents” or “paranoid litigants”. The term “querulents” first appeared in theGeneral Order of the Court for the Prussian States(Allgemeine Gerichtsordnung für die Preußischen Staaten) from July 6, 1793. From there on, the spectrum of juridical measures undertaken against the so‐labeled litigators included classifying these persons as ineligible for legal action and psychiatric hospitalization. The paper discusses to what extent Hermann Bahr rearranges psychiatric and legal knowledge about this special type of the complainer in his tragicomedyDer Querulant, premiered in 1914. This concerns, first, the theatricality of the body and speech, secondly, the use of cultural techniques of writing and, thirdly, conflicting notions of justice. Therefore, the paper analyzes the aesthetic function of querulous behavior in the dramatic structure of the play from the point of view of both media theory and literary theory.
Der demonstrierte Wahnsinn – Die Klinik als Bühne
Authors: Herrn Rainer , Friedland Alexander 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPerforming Madness: The Clinic as Stage.In the second half of the nineteenth century, clinical demonstrations became the dominant teaching method in psychiatry, playing a key role in medical‐professional disputes, as well. This paper traces this widely used though historiographically neglected practice of knowledge implementation and mediation, as demonstrated in the psychiatric clinic of the Berlin Charité (Psychiatrische und Nervenklinik der Berliner Charité) from 1881 to 1927. Documentation of this practice, found within individual medical records, forms the basis of this research. The concept of ‘theatricality’ assists in uncovering the dramatic quality of the clinical demonstration: Psychiatric knowledge was not simply disseminated through such a practice; rather, such knowledge was first performatively created through the very logic of its presentation of exemplary patient histories, as well as through the examination and diagnostic positioning of its patients. The ‘success’ of such presentations depended on many variables, related to staff, time, place, and other situational factors. These include the presence of appropriate lecture halls, the availability and calculated selection of patients, and the employment of specific performative techniques by doctors for the sake of producing desired results. As one effect, clinical demonstrations also encouraged patients to both learn and rehearse behavior considered relevant to the particular diagnosis that was to be demonstrated.
Wahnsinnige Bilder – Zu einer medialen Wissensgeschichte des Psychischen um 1900
Authors: Rall Veronika 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMental Images: Towards a Media History of the Psyche around 1900. Presupposing that visual practices are inherent to the social constitution of knowledge, this article suggests juxtaposing photographs and films produced in a psychiatric environment to popular films run in theaters around 1900, thus identifying cinema’s particular “Denkstil” (Fleck). Rejecting science’s dominating paradigm of visual objectivity (Daston/Galison), the visual apparatus [dispositif] of early cinema facilitates subjective experience of unreason and irrationality and thus initiates a different epistemological approach to knowledge as self‐knowledge of a modern, self‐reflexive subject. This is particularly evident in early cinema’s depiction of the psyche, which does not solely focus on the physical manifestation of the ‘mad’, ‘insane’ body, but also visualizes the subject’s inner life: technical means like montage, multiple exposure or stop motion can be employed to illustrate subjective visions, fantasies or dreams. Thus, the invisible mind becomes visible as the “unthinkable within thinking” (Deleuze), while the subject is invited to participate in cinema’s “gay science” (Nietzsche).
Long‐term chemiluminescence signal is produced in the course of luminol oxidation catalyzed by enhancer‐independent peroxidase purified from Jatropha curcas leaves
Authors: Duan Peipei , Cai Feng , Luo Yongting , Chen Yangxi , Zou Shujuan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIsoenzyme c of horseradish peroxidase (HRP‐C) is widely used in enzyme immunoassay combined with chemiluminescence (CL) detection. For this application, HRP‐C activity measurement is usually based on luminol oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). However, this catalysis reaction was enhancer dependent. In this study, we demonstrated that Jatropha curcas peroxidase (JcGP1) showed high efficiency in catalyzing luminol oxidation in the presence of H2O2. Compared with HRP‐C, the JcGP1‐induced reaction was enhancer independent, which made the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) simpler. In addition, the JcGP1 catalyzed reaction showed a long‐term stable CL signal. We optimized the conditions for JcGP1 catalysis and determined the favorable conditions as follows: 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.2) containing 10 mM H2O2, 14 mM luminol and 0.75 M NaCl. The optimum catalysis temperature was 30°C. The detection limit of JcGP1 under optimum condition was 0.2 pM. Long‐term stable CL signal combined with enhancer‐independent property indicated that JcGP1 might be a valuable candidate peroxidase for clinical diagnosis and enzyme immunoassay with CL detection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying γ‐Substituted Prolines in the Foldon Peptide: Polarity Contradicts Preorganization
Authors: Dietz Dennis , Kubyshkin Vladimir , Budisa Nediljko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractRational choice of chemical modifications to proline residues allows the preorganization principle to be exploited for more stable assembly of the foldon domain as a tag for trimerization. With systematic knowledge of how chemical and steric variations of the ring substituents affect the relative stabilities of exo and endo puckers, the preorganization principle should then be usable in biotechnologically synthesized foldon mutants and applicable for protein tagging elsewhere.
Preparation of Mesoporous Zeolite ETS‐10 Catalysts for High‐Yield Synthesis of α,β‐Epoxy Ketones
Authors: Xiang Mei , Ni Xiaojun , Yi Xianfeng , Zheng Anmin , Wang Wenchang , He Mingyang , Xiong Jing , Liu Taotao , Ma Yuli , Zhu Pengyuan , Zheng Xiang , Tang Tiandi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeveloping highly active heterogeneous catalysts for the efficient construction of valuable building blocks is of great importance to synthetic chemistry. For this purpose, a mesoporous zeolite ETS‐10 (METS‐10) is synthesized by using a mesoscale silane surfactant as a template and applied to achieve highly efficient syntheses of α,β‐epoxy ketones by employing simple alkenes and aldehydes as starting materials. The high activity of the METS‐10 catalyst is attributed to its unique porous structure and basicity. Electron paramagnetic resonance characterization results and theoretical calculation experimental data reveal that the strong basic sites on METS‐10 catalyst can activate the reaction substrate and intermediate. In addition, the mesopores in METS‐10 catalyst benefit the mass transfer and further improve the catalytic activity.
Altered myocardial force generation in end‐stage human heart failure
Authors: Papp Zoltán , van der Velden Jolanda , Borbély Attila , Édes István , Stienen Ger J.M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to elucidate the molecular background of increased Ca2+ sensitivity of force production in cardiomyocytes of end‐stage human heart failure.Methods and resultsCa2+‐activated isometric force and the cross‐bridge specific rate of force redevelopment (ktr) were determined in Triton‐skinned myocytes from end‐stage failing and non‐failing donor hearts. Measurements (control: pH 7.2, 0 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi)) were performed under test conditions that probed either the Ca2+‐regulatory function of the thin filaments (pH 6.5), the kinetics of the actin‐myosin cross‐bridge cycle (10 mM Pi), or both (pH 6.5, 10 mM Pi). The control maximal Ca2+‐activated force (Fo) and ktrmax did not differ between failing and non‐failing myocytes. At submaximal [Ca2+], however, both force and ktr were higher in failing than in donor myocytes. The difference in the Ca2+ sensitivities of force production was preserved when the thin filament regulatory function was perturbed by acidosis (pH 6.5) but was abolished by cross‐bridge modulation (i.e. by Pi) both at pH 7.2 and at pH 6.5. Pi induced a larger reduction in force but a smaller increase in ktr in the failing myocytes than in the non‐failing myocytes at submaximal [Ca2+].ConclusionThe enhanced Pi sensitivity of the actin‐myosin interaction suggests that the Pi release step of the actin‐myosin cross‐bridge cycle is modified during end‐stage human heart failure. This might be of functional importance when Pi accumulates (e.g. during cardiac ischaemia). Moreover, this alteration can influence cardiac energetics and the clinical efficacy of sarcomere targeted agents in human heart failure.
Synthesis, Stability and Sensitised Lanthanide Luminescence of Heterobimetallic d/f Terpyridine Complexes
Authors: Moore Evan G. , Benaglia Massimo , Bergamini Giacomo , Ceroni Paola 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, solution behavior and photophysical properties of several heteronuclear bimetallic d/f complexes that utilise a RuII bis‐terpyridine moiety as the sensitiser for EuIII, NdIII and YbIII luminescence are reported and compared to a GdIII analogue. The former compounds display sensitised emission in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) regions depending on the choice of the LnIII cation. We illustrate that sensitised lanthanide emission can operate by two distinctly different pathways that involve either the triplet ligand‐centred (3LC) excited state of the organic ligand or the triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state of the RuII complex. Owing to the electronic structure of this antenna and the higher density of metal‐centred accepting states, a higher sensitization efficiency with NdIII was observed than with YbIII and EuIII. Lastly, we have observed unusual sensitised emission from the upper (4F5/2, 2H9/2) excited state of NdIII at approximately 800 nm, which we report here for the first time from a molecular species in solution.
Robust hippocampal responsivity during retrieval of consolidated associative memory
Authors: Hattori Shoai , Chen Lillian , Weiss Craig , Disterhoft John F. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTA contentious point in memory research is whether or not the hippocampus plays a time‐limited role in the consolidation of declarative memories. A widely held view is that declarative memories are initially encoded in the hippocampus, then transferred to the neocortex for long‐term storage. Alternate views argue instead that the hippocampus continues to play a role in remote memory recall. These competing theories are largely based on human amnesic and animal lesion/inactivation studies. However, in vivo electrophysiological evidence supporting these views is scarce. Given that other studies examining the role of the hippocampus in remote memory retrieval using lesion and imaging techniques in human and animal models have provided mixed results, it would be particularly useful to gain insight at the in vivo electrophysiological level. Here we report hippocampal single‐neuron and theta activity recorded longitudinally during acquisition and remote retrieval of trace eyeblink conditioning. Results from conditioned rabbits were compared to those obtained from yoked pseudo‐conditioned control rabbits. Results reveal continued learning‐specific hippocampal activity one month after initial acquisition of the task. Our findings yield insight into the normal physiological responses of the hippocampus during memory processes and provide compelling in vivo electrophysiological evidence that the hippocampus is involved in both acquisition and retrieval of consolidated memories. © 2014 The Authors Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The canonical Notch pathway effector RBP‐J regulates neuronal plasticity and expression of GABA transporters in hippocampal networks
Authors: Liu Shuxi , Wang Yue , Worley Paul F. , Mattson Mark P. , Gaiano Nicholas 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTActivation of the Notch pathway in neurons is essential for learning and memory in various species from invertebrates to mammals. However, it remains unclear how Notch signaling regulates neuronal plasticity, and whether the transcriptional regulator and canonical pathway effector RBP‐J plays a role. Here, we report that conditional disruption of RBP‐J in the postnatal hippocampus leads to defects in long‐term potentiation, long‐term depression, and in learning and memory. Using gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified two GABA transporters, GAT2 and BGT1, as putative Notch/RBP‐J pathway targets, which may function downstream of RBP‐J to limit the accumulation of GABA in the Schaffer collateral pathway. Our results reveal an essential role for canonical Notch/RBP‐J signaling in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and suggest that role, at least in part, is mediated by the regulation of GABAergic signaling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HepaRG culture in tethered spheroids as an in vitro three‐dimensional model for drug safety screening
Authors: Wang Zenan , Luo Xiaobei , Anene‐Nzelu Chukwuemeka , Yu Yu , Hong Xin , Singh Nisha Hari , Xia Lei , Liu Side , Yu Hanry 
Published: December 2014

AbstractConventional two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of HepaRG cells allow in vitro maintenance of many liver‐specific functions. However, cellular dedifferentiation and functional deterioration over an extended culture period in the conventional 2D HepaRG culture have hampered its applications in drug testing. To address this issue, we developed tethered spheroids of HepaRG cells on Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD) and galactose‐conjugated substratum with an optimized hybrid ratio as an in vitro three‐dimensional (3D) human hepatocyte model. The liver‐specific gene expression level and drug metabolizing enzyme activities in HepaRG‐tethered spheorids were markedly higher than those in 2D cultures throughout the culture period of 7 days. The inducibility of three major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, namely CYP1A2, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, was improved in both mRNA and activity level in tethered spheroids. Drug‐induced cytotoxic responses to model hepatotoxins (acetaminophen, chlorpromazine and ketoconazole) in tethered spheroids were comparable to 2D cultures as well as other studies in the literature. Our results suggested that the HepaRG‐tethered spheroid would be an alternative in vitro model suitable for drug safety screening. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Instrumental and sensory analyses of quality attributes of grafted specialty melons
Authors: Guan Wenjing , Zhao Xin , Huber Donald J , Sims Charles A 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoilborne disease management remains a great challenge in melon production with the phaseout of soil fumigant methyl bromide. Grafting has been shown to be an effective approach to control soilborne diseases. However, previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the impacts of rootstock on fruit quality. Very few studies have assessed melon quality attributes using both sensory evaluation and instrumental methods.RESULTSGalia melon ‘Arava’ (Cucumis melo L. var. reticulatus Ser.) and honeydew melon ‘Honey Yellow’ (C. melo L. var. inodorus Naud.) were grafted onto commercial hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) rootstocks and root‐knot nematode‐resistant Cucumis metulifer E. Mey. ex Naud. rootstock. The grafting combinations were evaluated under different production conditions. Grafting with hybrid squash rootstocks resulted in reduced soluble solids content (SSC) and decreased sensory ratings of ‘Arava’ fruit. By contrast with grafted ‘Arava’, grafted ‘Honey Yellow’ did not exhibit significant differences in sensory properties and instrumental measurements regardless of production conditions and rootstock selection.CONCLUSIONThe effects of grafting on fruit quality attributes differed between the two distinctive types of melon scion used. Potential negative impacts of rootstocks on melon fruit quality need to be considered in the selection and use of disease‐resistant rootstocks. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry