bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
20 Years of Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in New York State
Authors: Dodwell Emily R. , LaMont Lauren E. , Green Daniel W. , Pan Ting Jung , Marx Robert G. , Lyman Stephen 
Published: January 2014

Background: There have been no population-based studies to evaluate the rate of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: The primary aim of the current study was to determine the yearly rate of ACL reconstruction over the past 20 years in New York State. Secondary aims were to determine the age distribution for ACL reconstruction and determine whether patient demographic and socioeconomic factors were associated with ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database contains a census of all hospital admissions and ambulatory surgery in New York State. This database was used to identify pediatric ACL reconstructions between 1990 and 2009; ICD-9-CM ( International Classification of Diseases, 9 Revision, Clinical Modification) and CPT-4 ( Current Procedural Terminology, 4th Revision) codes were used to identify reconstructions. Patient sex, age, race, family income, education, and insurance status were assessed. Results: The rate of ACL reconstruction per 100,000 population aged 3 to 20 years has been increasing steadily over the past 20 years, from 17.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.4-18.9) in 1990 to 50.9 (95% CI, 48.8-53.0) in 2009. The peak age for ACL reconstruction in 2009 was 17 years, at a rate of 176.7 (95% CI, 160.9-192.5). In 2009, the youngest age at which ACL reconstruction was performed was 9 years. The rate of ACL reconstruction in male patients was about 15% higher than in females, and ACL reconstruction was 6-fold more common in patients with private health insurance compared with those enrolled in Medicaid. Conclusion: This study is the first to quantify the increasing rate of ACL reconstructions in the skeletally immature. Only ACL reconstructions were assessed, and it is possible that some ACL tears in children are not diagnosed or are treated nonoperatively. The rate of ACL tears in New York State is likely higher than the rate of reconstructions reported in this study. Significance: This study quantifies the increasing rate of ACL reconstruction in the skeletally immature and suggests that there may be some disparities in care based on insurance status.
Silver and zinc oxide nanostructures loaded on activated carbon as new adsorbents for removal of methylene green
Authors: Ghaedi M , Karimi H , Yousefi F 
Published: January 2014

In this study, the removal of methylene green (MG) from aqueous solution based on two new adsorbents including silver nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanorods loaded on activated carbon (Ag-NP-AC and ZnO-NR-AC, respectively) has been carried out. The dependency of removal process to variables such as contact time, pH, amount of adsorbents, and initial MG concentration were examined and optimized. It was found that the maximum MG removal percentage was achieved at pH = 7.0 following stirring at 400 r min−1 for 7 and 6 min for Ag-NP-AC and ZnO-NR-AC, respectively. Equilibrium data were well fitted with the Langmuir model having maximum adsorption capacity of 166.7 and 200 mg g−1 for Ag-NP-AC and ZnO-NR-AC, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters of MG adsorption on Ag-NP-AC such as enthalpy and entropy changes, activation energy, sticking probability, and Gibbs free energy changes show the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the removal process. Among different conventional kinetic models, the pseudo second-order kinetics in addition to particle diffusion mechanism is the best and efficient model for the prediction and explanation of experimental data of MG adsorption onto both adsorbents.
Impact of outpatient interventions made at an ambulatory cancer centre oncology pharmacy in Singapore
Authors: Chew Cindy , Chiang Joen , Yeoh TT 
Published: January 2014

Objectives To evaluate the clinical significance of interventions made by pharmacists in an oncology pharmacy in Singapore and their acceptance rate and to identify common drug-related problems and workflow-related interventions. Methods A two-month prospective intervention study was conducted at National Cancer Centre Singapore. During the study, pharmacists documented the reason for intervening and its related drug(s). Each intervention was evaluated for its clinical significance by an expert panel: two oncologists and a pharmacist using a five-point scale. The Kendall’s test of concordance and Cohen’s weighted kappa were employed for analysis of agreement among the respondents. Other variables were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of 331 interventions were recorded: 147 cases were due to missing chemotherapy orders while 184 cases had potential drug-related problems. Among the 184 cases, 60 cases were related to clarification of orders, while the others had drug-related problems. The Kendall’s concordance coefficient was calculated to be 0.612 ( p < 0.001) while weighted kappa test results showed fair agreement across the evaluators. Acceptance rate of interventions was 93%. Most commonly documented drugs requiring interventions were carboplatin, trastuzumab and capecitabine. Conclusions About half of the documented interventions by pharmacists were evaluated as clinically ‘significant’ or ‘very significant’.
Coaching and Human Resource Development
Authors: Ellinger Andrea D. , Kim Sewon 
Published: January 2014

The Problem Coaching is a pervasive form of development that has garnered significant attention among scholars and practitioners. Although interest in coaching has grown considerably in recent years, coaching has been criticized as being opinion- and best-practice-based, as well as atheoretical. It has been critiqued as being an under-examined and researched concept. The Solution The contributions in this issue address existing concerns in the literature by providing an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of coaching, synthesizing existing literature on research and practice related to genres, types and approaches to coaching, specifically executive coaching, managerial coaching, and action learning coaching. Furthermore, to spur research on coaching, a comprehensive review of currently available measurement instruments is provided. The Stakeholders Researchers and scholarly practitioners in the human resource development (HRD) field, internal and external coaches, and line managers who are committed to improving the practice of and expanding empirical research on coaching will benefit from this special issue on coaching.
Pharmacy students’ experiences in provision of community pharmacy mental health services
Authors: Murphy Andrea , Szumilas Magdalena , Rowe Denise , Landry Kathryn , Martin-Misener Ruth , Kutcher Stan , Gardner David 
Published: January 2014

Background: Little information is available describing the pharmacy student’s experience working in community practice with people with lived experience of mental illness. Students’ perspectives as observers, learners, technical staff and future pharmacists are important. Objective: To gain a better understanding of the pharmacy student experience in community pharmacy–based service provision to people with lived experience of mental illness. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using interpretive description and application of the Theoretical Domains Framework. Focus groups were held with third- and fourth-year undergraduate pharmacy students from one Canadian university. Results: Two student focus groups were held in the fall of 2012 with 11 students (7 third year and 4 fourth year), 6 women and 5 men, mean age 24.5 (range, 21 to 30) years, averaging 3.2 years (range, 2 weeks to 7 years) of cumulative, mostly part-time, community pharmacy experience. Three broad themes emerged from the pharmacy student experience: (1) business tension; (2) roles, responsibilities and relationships; and (3) stigma. Students discussed their own roles, responsibilities and relationships in a pluralistic identity experience (i.e., pharmacy student, technician, future pharmacist). Application of the Theoretical Domains Framework demonstrated numerous influences on behaviour. Conclusions: From the students’ description of community pharmacy–based care of people with lived experience of mental illness, significant issues exist with current practices and behaviours. Advancing the role of pharmacists and pharmacy students to meet the needs of people with mental illness will require strategies to address multifactorial influences on behaviour.
In the Routine HIV Testing Era, Primary Care Physicians in Community Health Centers Remain Unaware of HIV Testing Recommendations
Authors: Arya Monisha , Zheng Micha Yin , Amspoker Amber Bush , Kallen Michael Anthony , Street Richard Lewis , Viswanath Kasisomayajula , Giordano Thomas Peter 
Published: January 2014

Background: Despite the 2006 US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendations for routine HIV testing in health care settings, many persons remain untested. Purpose: To determine physician barriers to HIV testing, we surveyed primary care physicians in community health centers in a high HIV prevalence city. Methods: Primary care physicians were invited via e-mail to participate in a Web-based survey. One hundred and thirty-seven physicians participated (response rate: 43.9%). Results: Fifty-five physicians (41.0%) were unaware of updated CDC HIV testing recommendations. Physicians were unaware that testing should be routinely offered in primary care settings caring for adolescents (62 physicians, 45.6%) and primary care settings caring for adults (33, 24.3%). Physicians were also unaware that teenage years patients aged 13 to 17 years (68, 49.6%) and adult patients aged 18 to 64 years (40, 29.2%) should be routinely HIV tested. Conclusion: With the new 2013 US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations to support routine HIV testing, it is critical to address ongoing physician HIV testing barriers to mitigate the HIV epidemic.
Epistasis between the haptoglobin common variant and α+thalassemia influences risk of severe malaria in Kenyan children
Authors: Atkinson Sarah H. , Uyoga Sophie M. , Nyatichi Emily , Macharia Alex W. , Nyutu Gideon , Ndila Carolyne , Kwiatkowski Dominic P. , Rockett Kirk A. , Williams Thomas N. 
Published: January 2014

Key PointsEpistasis between the haptoglobin (Hp) common variants and α+thalassemia predicts the risk of severe malaria in Kenyan children. The inconsistent relationship between Hp type and malaria reported in previous studies may be explained by this epistatic interaction.
Clonal evolution and clinical correlates of somatic mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Lundberg Pontus , Karow Axel , Nienhold Ronny , Looser Renate , Hao-Shen Hui , Nissen Ina , Girsberger Sabine , Lehmann Thomas , Passweg Jakob , Stern Martin , Beisel Christian , Kralovics Robert , Skoda Radek C. 
Published: January 2014

Key Points
The total number of somatic mutations was inversely correlated with survival and risk of leukemic transformation in MPN. The great majority of somatic mutations were already present at MPN diagnosis, and very few new mutations were detected during follow-up.
Fixed point theorems for weakly T-Chatterjea and weakly T-Kannan contractions in b-metric spaces
Authors: Mustafa Zead , Roshan Jamal Rezaei , Parvaneh Vahid , Kadelburg Zoran 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this work, we obtain some fixed point results for generalized weakly T-Chatterjea-contractive and generalized weakly T-Kannan-contractive mappings in the framework of complete b-metric spaces. Examples are provided in order to distinguish these results from the known ones.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
geneCommittee: a web-based tool for extensively testing the discriminatory power of biologically relevant gene sets in microarray data classification
Authors: Reboiro-Jato Miguel , Arrais Joel P , Oliveira José Luis , Fdez-Riverola Florentino 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
The diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases can be shortened through the use of different large-scale genome experiments. In this context, microarrays can generate expression data for a huge set of genes. However, to obtain solid statistical evidence from the resulting data, it is necessary to train and to validate many classification techniques in order to find the best discriminative method. This is a time-consuming process that normally depends on intricate statistical tools.

Results
geneCommittee is a web-based interactive tool for routinely evaluating the discriminative classification power of custom hypothesis in the form of biologically relevant gene sets. While the user can work with different gene set collections and several microarray data files to configure specific classification experiments, the tool is able to run several tests in parallel. Provided with a straightforward and intuitive interface, geneCommittee is able to render valuable information for diagnostic analyses and clinical management decisions based on systematically evaluating custom hypothesis over different data sets using complementary classifiers, a key aspect in clinical research.

Conclusions
geneCommittee allows the enrichment of microarrays raw data with gene functional annotations, producing integrated datasets that simplify the construction of better discriminative hypothesis, and allows the creation of a set of complementary classifiers. The trained committees can then be used for clinical research and diagnosis. Full documentation including common use cases and guided analysis workflows is freely available at http://sing.ei.uvigo.es/GC/.
The natural insect peptide Neb-colloostatin induces ovarian atresia and apoptosis in the mealworm Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Czarniewska Elżbieta , Rosiński Grzegorz , Gabała Elżbieta , Kuczer Mariola 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background
The injection of Neb-colloostatin into T. molitor females causes gonadoinhibitory effects on ovarian development. This peptide inhibits intercellular space formation (patency) in follicular epithelium and results in slowed vitellogenesis, delayed ovulation, reduced number of eggs laid and presumably cell death in the terminal follicles. However, as does the form of cell death in the terminal follicle, the mode of action of Neb-colloostatin remains unknown.

Results
We tested Neb-colloostatin for a sterilizing effect on females of Tenebrio molitor. We report that injection of nanomolar doses of Neb-colloostatin induce ovarian follicle atresia in 4-day old females during their first gonadotropic cycle. Light microscope observations revealed morphological changes in the ovary: after Neb-colloostatin injection the terminal oocytes are significantly smaller and elicit massive follicle resorption, but the control terminal follicles possess translucent ooplasm in oocytes at different stages of vitellogenesis. A patency is visible in follicular epithelium of the control vitellogenic oocytes, whereas peptide injection inhibits intercellular space formation and, in consequence, inhibits vitellogenesis. Confocal and electron microscope examination showed that peptide injection causes changes in the morphology indicating death of follicular cells. We observed F-actin cytoskeleton disorganization, induction of caspase activity, changes in chromatin organization and autophagic vacuole formation. Moreover, the apical cytoplasm of follicular cells is filled with numerous free ribosomes, probably indicating a higher demand for protein biosynthesis, especially in preparation for autophagic vacuole formation. On the other hand, the process of polyribosomes formation is inhibited, indicating the contributing effect of this hormone.

Conclusion
Neb-colloostatin induces atresia in the mealworm ovary. Degeneration of T. molitor follicles includes changes in morphology and viability of follicular cells, and oosorption as a consequence of these changes.
A novel polyclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA for detection of Plasmodium vivaxdeveloped from two lactate dehydrogenase protein segments
Authors: Sousa Luciana Pereira , Mariuba Luis André Morais , Holanda Rudson Jesus , Pimentel João Paulo , Almeida Maria Edilene Martins , Chaves Yury Oliveira , Borges Davi , Lima Emerson , Crainey James Lee , Orlandi Patricia Puccinelli , Lacerda Marcus Vinicius , Nogueira Paulo Afonso 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Immunoassays for Plasmodium detection are, presently, most frequently based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs); Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs), which are cheaper to develop and manufacture, are much less frequently used. In the present study we describe a sandwich ELISA assay which is capable of detecting P. vivax Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in clinical blood samples, without cross reacting with those infected with P. falciparum.

Methods
Two recombinant proteins were produced from different regions of the P. vivax LDH gene. Two sandwich ELISA assay were then designed: One which uses mouse anti-LDH 1-43aa PAbs as primary antibodies (“Test 1”) and another which uses anti-LDH 35-305aa PAbs (“Test 2”) as the primary antibodies. Rabbit anti-LDH 1-43aa PAbs were used as capture antibodies in both ELISA assays. Blood samples taken from P. vivax and P. falciparum infected patients (confirmed by light microscopy) were analysed using both tests.

Results
“Test 2” performed better at detecting microscopy-positive blood samples when compared to “Test 1”, identifying 131 of 154 positive samples (85%); 85 positives (55%) were identified using “test 1”. “Test 1” produced one false positive sample (from the 20 malaria-free control) blood samples; “test 2” produced none. Kappa coefficient analysis of the results produced a value of 0.267 when microscope-positive blood smears were compared with “test 1”, but 0.734 when microscope-positive blood smears were compared with the results from “test 2”. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were observed to be 98% and 22% respectively, for “Test 1”, and 99% and 45%, for “test 2”. No cross reactivity was detected with P. falciparum positive blood samples (n = 15) with either test assay.

Conclusion
Both tests detected P. vivax infected blood and showed no evidence of cross-reacting with P. falciparum. Further studies will need to be conducted to establish the full potential of this technique for malaria diagnostics. As well as representing a promising new cost-effective novel technique for P. vivax diagnosis and research, the method for developing this assay also highlights the potential for PAb-based strategies for diagnostics in general.
Molecular identification of adenoviruses associated with respiratory infection in Egypt from 2003 to 2010
Authors: Demian Pola N , Horton Katherine C , Kajon Adriana , Siam Rania , Hasanin Amel Mohamed Nageib , Elgohary Sheta Amany , Cornelius Claire , Gaynor Anne M 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Human adenoviruses of species B, C, and E (HAdV-B, –C, -E) are frequent causative agents of acute respiratory infections worldwide. As part of a surveillance program aimed at identifying the etiology of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Egypt, we characterized 105 adenovirus isolates from clinical samples collected between 2003 and 2010.

Methods
Identification of the isolates as HAdV was accomplished by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and confirmed by a set of species and type specific polymerase chain reactions (PCR).

Results
Of the 105 isolates, 42% were identified as belonging to HAdV-B, 60% as HAdV–C, and 1% as HAdV-E. We identified a total of six co-infections by PCR, of which five were HAdV-B/HAdV-C co-infections, and one was a co-infection of two HAdV-C types: HAdV-5/HAdV-6. Molecular typing by PCR enabled the identification of eight genotypes of human adenoviruses; HAdV-3 (n = 22), HAdV-7 (n = 14), HAdV-11 (n = 8), HAdV-1 (n = 22), HAdV-2 (20), HAdV-5 (n = 15), HAdV-6 (n = 3) and HAdV-4 (n = 1). The most abundant species in the characterized collection of isolates was HAdV-C, which is concordant with existing data for worldwide epidemiology of HAdV respiratory infections.

Conclusions
We identified three species, HAdV-B, -C and -E, among patients with ILI over the course of 7 years in Egypt, with at least eight diverse types circulating.
Prenatal risk factors for Tourette Syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Chao Ting-Kuang , Hu Jing , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Tourette Syndrome (TS) appears to be an inherited disorder, although genetic abnormalities have been identified in less than 1% of patients, and the mode of inheritance is uncertain. Many studies have investigated environmental factors that might contribute to the onset and severity of tics and associated comorbidities such as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). A systematic review and qualitative analysis were performed to provide a broad view of the association between pre- and perinatal factors and TS.

Methods
The Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched using terms specific to Tourette’s syndrome and keywords such as “pregnancy”, “prenatal”, “perinatal”, “birth” and “neonatal”. Studies were limited to studies on human subjects published in English or French through October 2012.

Results
22 studies were included. Studies were of limited methodological quality, with most samples derived from specialty clinics, and most exposures ascertained retrospectively. The majority of the results for demographic factors of parents, including age, education, socioeconomic status, and marital status, revealed no significant association with the onset of TS, or the presence of comorbidity. Many factors were reported to be significantly associated with the onset of TS, the presence of comorbidity and symptom severity, but the most consistently reported factors were maternal smoking and low birth weight.

Conclusions
There are few studies evaluating the relationship between pre and perinatal events and TS, and existing studies have major limitations, including the use of clinic rather than epidemiologically derived samples, retrospective data collection on pre and perinatal events and multiple hypothesis testing without appropriate statistical correction. The mechanism by which prenatal and perinatal adversities could lead to TS onset or symptom severity is unknown, but may be related to changes in the dopaminergic system as a result of early brain injury.