bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ARTICLE RETIRÉ : La Biosécurité. Vers une Anthropologie du Contemporain
Authors: Rabinow Paul , Collier Stephen J. , Lakoff Andrew 
Published: November 2014

Résumé Cet article, qui a comme objet d'étude la biosécurité, représente un essai d'anthropologie du contemporain. Depuis la fin de la guerre froide, la préparation pour parer à une éventuelle menace bio-terroriste est devenue un élément important du dispositif de sécurité des Etats-Unis. Les auteurs considèrent que cette situation n'est pas seulement une donnée, mais aussi un problème. Ils se proposent d'utiliser les outils analytiques de l'observation de second degré pour étudier la manière dont la sécurité a été problématisée dans le processus d'émergence du dispositif de biosécurité américain. L'article cible le type de rationalité qui sous-tend l'articulation des domaines de la sécurité, de la recherche scientifique, du marché et de l'Etat. Deux aspects sont traités en particulier : le problème de la technologisation de la menace bio-terroriste et celui de la sélection des risques. Les auteurs veulent ainsi dépasser les lieux communs du débat public et, en s'appuyant sur des recherches ciblées dans des domaines particuliers d'expertise, dégager les pratiques et les modes de penser qui guident les choix et les distinctions contingents à l'oeuvre dans la constitution de ce dispositif. Les auteurs attirent l'attention sur le danger inhérent au dispositif, lié au caractère illimité du besoin de biosécurité.
Is it Possible to Sanitize Athletes' Shoes?
Authors: Messina Gabriele , Burgassi Sandra , Russo Carmela , Ceriale Emma , Quercioli Cecilia , Meniconi Cosetta 
Published: November 2014

Context:Footwear should be designed to avoid trauma and injury to the skin of the feet that can favor bacterial and fungal infections. Procedures and substances for sanitizing the interior of shoes are uncommon but are important aspects of primary prevention against foot infections and unpleasant odor.Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of a sanitizing technique for reducing bacterial and fungal contamination of footwear.Design:Crossover study.Setting:Mens Sana basketball team.Patients or Other Participants:Twenty-seven male athletes and 4 coaches (62 shoes).Intervention(s):The experimental protocol required a first sample (swab), 1/shoe, at time 0 from inside the shoes of all athletes before the sanitizing technique began and a second sample at time 1, after about 4 weeks, April 2012 to May 2012, of daily use of the sanitizing technique.Main Outcome Measure(s):The differences before and after use of the sanitizing technique for total bacterial count at 36°C and 22°C for Staphylococcus spp, yeasts, molds, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli, and total coliform bacteria were evaluated.Results:Before use of the sanitizing technique, the total bacterial counts at 36°C and 22°C and for Staphylococcus spp were greater by a factor of 5.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.42, 9.84), 5.84 (95% CI = 3.45, 9.78), and 4.78 (95% CI = 2.84, 8.03), respectively. All the other comparisons showed a reduction in microbial loads, whereas E coli and coliforms were no longer detected. No statistically significant decrease in yeasts (P = .0841) or molds (P = .6913) was recorded probably because of low contamination.Conclusions:The sanitizing technique significantly reduced the bacterial presence in athletes' shoes.
The sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapy characteristics influencing quality of life in patients with epilepsy: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ranjana G. , Dwajani S. , Kulkarni Chanda , Sarma G. R. K 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT
Context: Quality of life (QOL) assessment in patients with epilepsy (PWE) is increasingly recognized as an important component in the management of epilepsy. Aims: The objective of the present study was to assess influence of sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapy characteristics collectively on QOL in adult PWE. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional, observational study in patients with confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy. Materials and Methods: QOL was assessed using modified QOLIE-10 questionnaire for epilepsy. Univariate and multiple regression analysis were done to determine factors associated with poor QOL, respectively. Results: There were 451 PWE, with a mean age 27.3 ± 8.15 years, 251 (56%) males and 191 (42%) had monthly income < 5000 Indian national rupees (INR)/month. The QOLIE score was 64.1 ± 15.97 (Mean ± SD). The univariate analysis showed factors such as lower monthly income, focal epilepsy, seizure frequency, antiepileptic drug (AED) polytherapy, conventional AEDs and frequent adverse drug reactions (ADRs) had significant negative influence on various domains of QOLIE-10 questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis showed seizure frequency as a significant predictor of most QOL domains and overall score, while ADRs as a significant predictor of all the domains. Seizure type was a predictive factor for domains like emotional well-being and overall score. Conclusion: Present findings showed patients on monotherapy had better QOL while those having lower monthly income, having focal epilepsy and who received conventional AEDs had negative influence on QOL scores. Further, higher seizure frequency and occurrence of ADRs were significant predictors of all the domains of QOL in PWE.
Isolated intramedullary spinal cord cysticercosis
Authors: Qazi Zeeshan , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Singh Sunil Kumar , Srivastava Chhitij , Patil Tushar B. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNeurocysticercosis is a major cause of epilepsy in developing countries. Cysticercal involvement of the spinal cord is rare even in endemic areas and accounts for 0.7 to 5.85% of all cases. We present a 19-year-old man who presented with weakness of both lower limbs and urinary complaints in the form of straining of micturition with increased frequency, in whom preoperative MRI revealed a well-defined cystic lesion in dorso-lumber cord extending from D11 to L1 level, which on pathological examination was found to be intramedullary cysticercosis.
Anterior cervical discectomy in a patient with huge thyroid tissue (goiter)
Authors: Gulsen Salih 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTEnlarged thyroid gland (goiter) may hinder to reach anterior part of the vertebrae or may impose more retraction than usual. The patient had left arm pain, and his left biceps muscle strength was 3/5 and triceps muscle strength was 4/5. Physical examination of his neck showed no abnormality. We performed anterior cervical discectomy, but we did not reach to the anterior part of the vertebrae due to enlarged thyroid gland even making moderately forceful medial retraction. It is therefore, we performed thyroidectomy previously, and later we performed anterior cervical discectomy at the level of cervical 5-6 and cervical 6-7. It will be wise to excise the goiter and later continue to cervical discectomy rather than using forceful retraction in cases with no preoperative detection as in our case to prevent damage of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and hoarseness due to pressure effect of the medial retraction during the anterior cervical approach.
Disseminated neurocysticercosis presenting as isolated acute monocular painless vision loss
Authors: Kasundra Gaurav M. , Bhargava Amita Narendra , Bhushan Bharat , Khichar Subhakaran , Sood Isha 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNeurocysticercosis, the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system, is known to affect the brain, eyes, muscular tissues and subcutaneous tissues. However, it is very rare for patients with ocular cysts to have concomitant cerebral cysts. Also, the dominant clinical manifestation of patients with cerebral cysts is either seizures or headache. We report a patient who presented with acute monocular painless vision loss due to intraocular submacular cysticercosis, who on investigation had multiple cerebral parenchymal cysticercal cysts, but never had any seizures. Although such a vision loss after initiation of antiparasitic treatment has been mentioned previously, acute monocular vision loss as the presenting feature of ocular cysticercosis is rare. We present a brief review of literature along with this case report.
Smoking-Related “Interstitial” Lung Disease
Authors: Franks Teri J. , Galvin Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2014

Context
Emphysema, respiratory bronchiolitis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, small-airway injury including submucosal and adventitial fibrosis, increased bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue, and small artery/arteriolar wall thickening are recognized histologic findings in cigarette smokers. It has only recently been acknowledged that the range of lung injury from cigarette smoke is wider than generally accepted, in particular, there is increasing recognition that fibrosis of alveolar walls occurs in smokers.

Objectives
To review the literature that describes the range of histologic findings in cigarette smokers and that links cigarette smoke exposure to the development of alveolar wall fibrosis.

Data Sources
Relevant peer-reviewed literature indexed in PubMed (National Library of Medicine) form the basis of this review.

Conclusions
Smokers demonstrate a wide range of lung injury at biopsy that defies simple placement within single categories, and the current categories do not adequately take into account the importance of alveolar wall and airway fibrosis.
Le titre foncier devant le juge administratif camerounais : les difficultés d’adaptation du système Torrens au Cameroun
Authors: Mpessa Aloys 
Published: November 2014

Le Cameroun, à l’instar de la plupart des pays qui ont adopté le système Torrens, a opté pour le régime foncier de l’immatriculation, qui se traduit par l’inscription des droits réels sur un Livre foncier.
L’inscription de ces droits réels sur le livre foncier, n’intervient qu’à l’issue d’une procédure destinée à révéler tous les droits réels attachés à un immeuble. Lorsque, aucune opposition ne s’est manifestée lors de cette procédure, le titre foncier obtenu devient inattaquable, intangible et définitif.
Cependant, à ces principes d’incontestabilité et d’irrévocabilité du titre foncier, le droit positif camerounais y a apporté deux tempéraments : en permettant à la personne lésée, par une immatriculation dolosive, ou consécutive à une faute de l’Administration, ou résultant de la fraude du bénéficiaire, d’intenter, soit une action personnelle en dommages intérêts devant le tribunal civil, soit, de solliciter le retrait administratif du titre foncier auprès de l’autorité administrative compétente, soit enfin, de demander son annulation juridictionnelle, devant le juge administratif. Cet aspect contentieux de l’immatriculation constitue l’originalité du droit camerounais, par rapport aux droits d’autres pays, qui ont adopté le système Torrens.
Cette mise en cause du titre foncier devant le juge administratif, et l’éventualité de son annulation, démontrent que le titre foncier ne possède qu’une force probante relative. La réflexion menée actuellement par les pouvoirs publics camerounais tend à améliorer ce régime de l’immatriculation, en mettant l’accent sur les failles décelées : l’inefficacité de la publicité des avis des demandes d’immatriculation et l’ineffectivité des enquêtes sur le terrain.
Boundary mixing in Orkney Passage outflow
Authors: Polzin K. L. , Garabato A. C. Naveira , Abrahamsen E. P. , Jullion L. , Meredith M. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOne of the most remarkable features of contemporary oceanic climate change is the warming and contraction of Antarctic Bottom Water over much of global ocean abyss. These signatures represent changes in ventilation mediated by mixing and entrainment processes that may be location‐specific. Here we use available data to document, as best possible, those mixing processes as Weddell Sea Deep and Bottom Waters flow along the South Orkney Plateau, exit the Weddell Sea via Orkney Passage and fill the abyssal Scotia Sea. First, we find that an abrupt transition in topography upstream of Orkney Passage delimits the extent of the coldest waters along the Plateau's flanks and may indicate a region of especially intense mixing. Second, we revisit a control volume budget by Heywood et al. (2002) for waters trapped within the Scotia Sea after entering through Orkney Passage. This budget requires extremely vigorous water mass transformations with a diapycnal transfer coefficient of
m2 s−1. Evidence for such intense diapycnal mixing is not found in the abyssal Scotia Sea interior and, while we do find large rates of diapycnal mixing in conjunction with a downwelling Ekman layer on the western side of Orkney Passage, it is insufficient to close the budget. This leads us to hypothesize that the Heywood budget is closed by a boundary mixing process in which the Ekman layer associated with the Weddell Sea Deep Water boundary current experiences relatively large vertical scale overturning associated with tidal forcing along the southern boundary of the Scotia Sea.
Estimating mean dynamic topography in boundary currents and the use of Argo trajectories
Authors: Bowen Melissa , Sutton Philip , Roemmich Dean 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is required to estimate mean transport in the ocean, to combine with altimetry to derive instantaneous geostrophic surface velocities, and to estimate transport from shipboard hydrography. A number of MDTs are now available globally but differ most markedly in boundary currents and the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. We evaluate several MDTs in two boundary currents off New Zealand (in the subtropical western boundary current system east of the country and in the Subantarctic Front to the south) using satellite, hydrographic, and Argo observations near two altimeter tracks. Argo float trajectories are combined with estimates of shear to produce new MDTs along both altimeter tracks: sufficiently high numbers of Argo floats travel in both boundary currents to allow a useful estimate of the mean flow at 1000 m depth and conservation of potential vorticity is used to account for more realistic flow paths. In finding a MDT, we show the uncertainties in the estimates of velocity differences between 1000 m and the surface from density climatologies, while often not estimated, need to be considered. The MDT computed from the Argo trajectories is generally consistent with the CLS09 MDT in both boundary currents and, in some locations, distinctly different from the MDT using a “level of no motion” assumption. The comparison suggests velocities from Argo trajectories can be usefully combined with other observations to improve estimates of flows and MDT in boundary currents.
Responses of the ocean planktonic ecosystem to finite‐amplitude perturbations
Authors: Wang Qiang , Mu Mu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe responses of the ocean planktonic ecosystem to finite‐amplitude perturbations are investigated using an ocean planktonic ecosystem model. Through changing the higher predation rate on zooplankton, multiple equilibria of the model, namely “high‐nutrient” and “low‐nutrient” states, are obtained under certain parameter values. Based on these states, the perturbations with maximum nonlinear growth are determined using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method. The linear and nonlinear evolutions of the CNOP perturbation are compared. The results show that the nonlinear evolution of the perturbation leads to predator–prey oscillations with larger amplitude than the linear evolution. Besides, after the perturbation amplitude exceeds a critical value, the nonlinear evolution of the perturbation will induce the linearly stable ecosystem state to lose the stability and become nonlinearly unstable. This implies that nonlinear processes have important impacts on the stability of the ecosystem. Specifically, we identify the nonlinear processes related to zooplankton grazing to impact the stability most for the high‐nutrient state, while for the low‐nutrient state the main nonlinear process affecting the stability is the uptake process. These results help to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of the oceanic ecosystem model to finite‐amplitude perturbations and the underlying nonlinear stability properties.
Inhibiting drug efflux transporters improves efficacy of ALS therapeutics
Authors: Jablonski Michael R. , Markandaiah Shashirekha S. , Jacob Dena , Meng Ni J. , Li Ke , Gennaro Victoria , Lepore Angelo C. , Trotti Davide , Pasinelli Piera 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveResearch identified promising therapeutics in cell models of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), but there is limited progress translating effective treatments to animal models and patients, and ALS remains a disease with no effective treatment. One explanation stems from an acquired pharmacoresistance driven by the drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer‐resistant protein (BCRP), which we have shown are selectively upregulated at the blood‐brain and spinal cord barrier (BBB/BSCB) in ALS mice and patients. Pharmacoresistance is well appreciated in other brain diseases, but overlooked in ALS despite many failures in clinical trials.MethodsHere, we prove that a P‐gp/BCRP‐driven pharmacoresistance limits the bioavailability of ALS therapeutics using riluzole, the only FDA‐approved drug for ALS and a substrate of P‐gp and BCRP. ALS mice (SOD1‐G93A) were treated with riluzole and elacridar, to block P‐gp and BCRP, and monitored for survival as well as behavioral and physiological parameters.ResultsWe show that riluzole, which normally is not effective when given at onset of symptoms, is now effective in the ALS mice when administered in combination with the P‐gp/BCRP inhibitor elacridar. Chronic elacridar treatment increases riluzole Central nervous system (CNS) penetration, improves behavioral measures, including muscle function, slowing down disease progression, and significantly extending survival.InterpretationOur approach improves riluzole efficacy with treatment beginning at symptom onset. Riluzole will not provide a cure, but enhancing its efficacy postsymptoms by addressing pharmacoresistance demonstrates a proof‐of‐principle concept to consider when developing new ALS therapeutic strategies. We highlight a novel improved therapeutic approach for ALS and demonstrate that pharmacoresistance can no longer be ignored in ALS.
Delayed perforation of the sigmoid colon after endoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus
Authors: Ohtsuka Yasuhiro , Tsuchiya Shin , Shida Takashi , Komatsu Teisuke 
Published: November 2014

CaseAn 81‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with sigmoid volvulus. As there were no signs of peritoneal irritation, emergency endoscopic reduction was attempted and achieved successfully. Although she remained stable on the following day, she suddenly developed perforative pan‐peritonitis 35 h after the procedure.OutcomeEmergency laparotomy revealed a 10‐mm‐diameter perforation at the anti‐mesenteric wall of the top of the sigmoid loop, and sigmoid resection with Hartmann's procedure was carried out. Pathological examination revealed ischemic necrosis around the perforation site. She recovered well with intensive care, and was discharged 32 days later.ConclusionDelayed sigmoid perforation after endoscopic reduction of sigmoid volvulus is a rare but important and life‐threatening pitfall, and should always be considered by acute care physicians. To prevent this dangerous complication, evaluation of the viability of the entire sigmoid by direct vision and semi‐emergency operation as soon as the patient's condition is optimized after endoscopic reduction may be essential.
Active Site Targeting of Hedgehog Precursor Protein with Phenylarsine Oxide
Authors: Owen Timothy S. , Xie Xie Jian , Laraway Benjamin , Ngoje George , Wang Chunyu , Callahan Brian P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHedgehog proteins, signaling molecules implicated in human embryo development and cancer, can be inhibited at the stage of autoprocessing by the trivalent arsenical phenyl arsine oxide (PhAsIII). The interaction (apparent Ki, 4×10−7 M) is characterized by an optical binding assay and by NMR spectroscopy. PhAsIII appears to be the first validated inhibitor of hedgehog autoprocessing, which is unique to hedgehog proteins and essential for biological activity.
Polymeric p–n Nanojunctions: Formation and Electrochemical Properties of C60‐Pd@Polypyrrole Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Brancewicz Ewa , Grądzka Emilia , Wilczewska Agnieszka Z. , Winkler Krzysztof 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA simple approach to the synthesis of core–shell C60‐Pd@polypyrrole nanoparticles is described. The nanoparticles were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Special attention was devoted to the electrochemical properties of the C60‐Pd@polypyrrole nanoparticles. Thin films formed from these nanoparticles exhibited a large potential range of electrochemical activity. Oxidation of the polypyrrole component was observed at positive potentials. Reduction of the C60‐Pd inner core in a negative potential range depended on the thickness of the outer polypyrrole layer. With a thin outer shell (less than approximately 20 nm), electrons and counter ions can be transported through it, enabling reduction of the inner C60‐Pd phase. Owing to the different redox properties of the two nanoparticle components, these systems represent spherical p–n nanojunctions.
Kitaigorodsky Revisited: Polymorphism and Mixed Crystals of Acridine/Phenazine
Authors: Schur Einat , Nauha Elisa , Lusi Matteo , Bernstein Joel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNon‐stoichiometric molecular mixed crystals have potential as functional materials, the properties of which can be tailored by rationally changing their composition. The guidelines for their preparation were summarized over thirty years ago by Alexander Kitaigorodsky. Here those principles are revised in light of new studies on the acridine/phenazine system, and solvent‐assisted grinding is presented as a convenient synthetic procedure to afford a more homogeneous product than traditional solvent‐evaporation methods. Finally, the proposed prerequisite of crystal isostructurality/isomorphicity for the pure compounds, which seems to be violated in the present case, is discussed.
Water Freezing as a Regiocontrol Element in the Multicomponent Assembly of Cyclic Enones
Authors: De la Campa Raquel , Flórez Josefa 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRegioselective synthesis of dialkoxy 2‐cyclopentenones and 2‐cyclohexenones with novel substitution patterns has been accomplished by the one‐pot combination of three simple starting materials (chromium carbene complex, Weinreb acetamide lithium enolate and 1‐alkoxyallenyllithium) under either anhydrous conditions or water‐promoted solidification of the reaction mixture. These results revealed an unprecedented water‐freezing effect that plays a key role to completely reverse the regioselectivity of the intramolecular carbometalation of an allene moiety.