bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring and monitoring quality in satellite echo services within critical care: an exploration of best practice
Authors: Thomas Toby C. , Colebourn Claire L. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The subspecialty of critical care echocardiography is a rapidly developing area of cardiac imaging. The United Kingdom Committee for Critical Care Echocardiography was set up in 2009 to examine the remit of echocardiography in critical care, and a successful collaboration between the British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) and the Intensive Care Society has resulted in the establishment of two new critical care accreditation processes: Focused Intensive Care Echocardiography and Advanced Critical Care Echocardiography. These accreditation processes are currently driving the development of satellite echo services within critical care departments throughout the UK. Individual practitioner–and more recently, departmental–accreditation have become well-established processes advocated by the BSE. Practitioner accreditation promotes accountability, and departmental accreditation standardises the environment in which practitioners operate. The accreditation of individual echocardiographers has been embraced by the critical care fraternity; we propose that departmental accreditation for critical care echo services be viewed in the same way. Identifying quality indicators for satellite echocardiography services within critical care areas is therefore the focus of the present quality exploration: our aim is to propose a set of parameters against which satellite critical care echo services can be benchmarked. In publishing our suggestions, we hope to stimulate debate in light of the rapid evolution of critical care echocardiography as a subspecialty practice. We suggest that our proposed parameters could be used to maintain satellite critical care service standards and to help identify departments capable of delivering high-quality services and training in critical care echocardiography.
Large, mobile, transmitral metastastic osteosarcoma presenting as cardiac arrest
Authors: Jackson Clare M. , Ellis Helen E. , Dodd Mark C. , O’Toole Laurence 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The present case is an unusual one of a 21-year-old female with a primary osteosarcoma and left lung metastasis presenting following a witnessed pulseless electrical activity cardiac arrest. The electrocardiogram was unremarkable. A computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) demonstrated a tumour within the left inferior pulmonary veins. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed a severely hypokinetic left ventricle and a multi-lobulated, mobile mass arising from one of the left pulmonary veins which prolapsed to varying degrees on a beat-to-beat basis back and forth through the mitral valve into the left ventricle (during ventricular diastole) and retracted back into the left atrium (during ventricular systole). The present case demonstrates the importance of performing TTE in an emergency presentation, its influence on diagnosis and, in the present case, its usefulness in aiding the decision to withdraw life-sustaining treatments. It also highlights the importance of considering urgent intervention for a tumour seen to prolapse through the mitral valve because of the real risk of acute obstruction.
High Mortality Among Non–HIV-Infected People Who Inject Drugs in Bangkok, Thailand, 2005–2012
Authors: Vanichseni Suphak , Martin Michael , Suntharasamai Pravan , Sangkum Udomsak , Mock Philip A. , Gvetadze Roman J. , Curlin Marcel E. , Leethochawalit Manoj , Chiamwongpaet Sithisat , Chaipung Benjamaporn , McNicholl Janet M. , Paxton Lynn A. , Kittimunkong Somyot , Choopanya Kachit 
Published: April 2015

Objectives. We examined the causes of hospitalization and death of people who inject drugs participating in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study, an HIV preexposure prophylaxis trial. Methods. The Bangkok Tenofovir Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted during 2005 to 2012 among 2413 people who inject drugs. We reviewed medical records to define the causes of hospitalization and death, examined participant characteristics and risk behaviors to determine predictors of death, and compared the participant mortality rate with the rate of the general population of Bangkok, Thailand. Results. Participants were followed an average of 4 years; 107 died: 22 (20.6%) from overdose, 13 (12.2%) from traffic accidents, and 12 (11.2%) from sepsis. In multivariable analysis, older age (40–59 years; P = .001), injecting drugs (P = .03), and injecting midazolam (P < .001) were associated with death. The standardized mortality ratio was 2.9. Conclusions. People who injected drugs were nearly 3 times as likely to die as were those in the general population of Bangkok and injecting midazolam was independently associated with death. Drug overdose and traffic accidents were the most common causes of death, and their prevention should be public health priorities.
Essential Aspects in Probabilistic Cost and Duration Forecasting for Subsea Multi-well Abandonment: Simplicity, Industrial Applicability and Accuracy
Authors: Moeinikia Fatemeh , Fjelde Kjell Kåre , Saasen Arild , Vrålstad Torbjørn 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
There are a large number of subsea fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf approaching the end of their lifetime and, hence, require to be abandoned. In order to improve cost efficiency, a combination of rig-based and rigless technologies will be employed to accomplish distinct phases for subsea well abandonment. A correct picture of expenditures and duration for the field abandonment is an important aspect in budgetary planning for every company.
Although the probabilistic approach has become a standard method compared to the deterministic approach for time and cost forecasting, complexity of the probabilistic approach compared to the deterministic method might still be a hindrance for using this approach. In this paper, a simple excel-based program is developed for probabilistic cost and time estimation of subsea multi-well abandonment. This model is aimed to provide an applicable and simple means for industry to estimate cost and time of subsea well abandonment. The structure of this program is based on the Oil and Gas UK Guideline on well abandonment cost estimation. This is presented in a way capable of being replicated easily. In addition a summary of vessel based technologies available for subsea well abandonment together with a brief description of operation sequences for well abandonment are presented.
The inclusion of dependencies into cost and time forecasting model is a challenging issue which needs to be addressed in order to achieve a correct picture of possible outcomes. In the second section of this paper, different approaches to address dependencies among different operations are also investigated together with a comparison and a discussion on the benefits and the disadvantages associated with each approach. This will be implemented for a case example wherein different rigless technologies are utilized to complete multi-well abandonment.
Resin: An Alternative Barrier Solution Material
Authors: Beharie Colin , Francis Sean , Øvestad Karl Henrik 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Assured well integrity and the reduction of associated drilling problems has been a recurrent challenge for operators over the years. Conventional cement does not always endure the mechanical stresses and requirements placed on it by a wellbore and it often falls short in providing permanent isolation beyond the production life of a well. Unconventional alternatives, such as thermosetting resins, are now available and can be used to solve a variety of drilling and production barrier problems, filling the niche where conventional methods have failed.
The plugging and abandonment of oil and gas wells along with their associated depleted reservoirs is now an urgent matter whose antiquated methodologies are in need revision. Many previously abandoned wells are now leaking due to cement failure. As a result, many operators seek to employ alternative materials that are more resilient and reliable when permanently abandoning a well. However, as quite often is the case in all facets of industry, the introduction of new technology faces speculation and must overcome a variety of administrative controls before being adopted and implemented into the field. As a result, intensive effort is being spent on research to further validate the technical viability of polymer resins and advocate industry progression in this novel direction.
This paper explores the benefits of resin application for plug and abandonment operations in place of conventional systems from a methodological and laboratory perspective.
A Review of Caprock Issues In Thermal Recovery in Canada
Authors: Carlson M.R. (Mike) 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The Alberta Energy Regulator (AER) has recently put a moratorium on shallow SAGD developments pending a review of technology. They have also sent out a series of draft requirements while the moratorium is in effect. This response has been to a series of events that have occurred and a growing requirement for environmental stewardship. The objective of the paper is to provide a history of what events have occurred, where the new requirements are taking the industry and a brief discussion of the implications. The first part of the paper will discuss a broad background of incidents that have occurred in Alberta with thermal projects. A brief description will be made of the main technical issues in calculating caprock integrity. The government has issued 5 separate documents that cover different aspects. A more detailed review will be outlined. Although the discussion is centered on thermal developments, caprock integrity is of broad concern in underground storage and unconventional reservoir development which utilizes multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. Government requirements are rapidly changing and it is a real challenge to keep up with these changes. Some comment will be made on how the caprock issue will likely develop over the next few years.
Continuous Inclination Enhances TVD Wellbore Positioning at the Troll Fields
Authors: Langaker I. , Edvardsen I. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The world largest subsea development Statoil Troll field consists of 115 subsea wells and more than one million drilled reservoir meters. A large number of existing wells, thinning oil column, and a highly varying oil-water contact (OWC) due to production challenge the optimal placement of new oil producers in terms of planning and execution.
To contribute to production, production wells must penetrate micaceous M-Sand and clean C-Sand. Due to an initially thin oil column (11-26m), the horizontal drainage from each well (branch) is limited; the most effective way to increase the recovery from the reservoir is to drill infill wells. This method has led to a high number of wells on Troll and has created a high number of well crossings in the reservoir section; which is why, landing in the reservoir section has become a challenge. True vertical depth (TVD) control is critical to success.
Dual Inclination (DI) and Continuous Inclination (CI) are survey methods that can be used to increase inclination accuracy and thereby reduce TVD uncertainty. Both DI and CI are applied on Troll wells. Although DI and CI are often used to hit and then stay within thin horizontal targets, these techniques are equally useful for reducing the probability of collision in environments like the Troll field, in which existing wells must be crossed within a few meters, at near horizontal. The increased survey frequency provided by CI is critical for TVD accuracy whenever drilling conditions introduce significant inclination variations over short distances. Forty eight Troll wells were reprocessed using CI. Fifty-six percent of the wells shifted in TVD by more than 0.5m; 17% shifted by more than 1.0m. These relatively small shifts can be significant in the Troll environment, especially as some wells are corrected up and some down. The errors can be attributed to a variety of drilling conditions common in the Troll field, such as drilling in hold mode with rotary steerable systems (RSS), continuous geosteering, and drilling hard stringers, all of which can cause inclination changes that may be missed by surveys taken at standard length intervals.
A Review Study of Wettability Alteration Methods with Regard to Nano-Materials Application
Authors: Sheshdeh Milad Jokari 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Wettability is an indication of relative adhesion of fluids to a solid surface. In a system including several fluids, the fluid with less contact angle, spreading more on the surface, is considered as the wetting phase of the system. In pore system the wetting phase occupies the small pores and coats the surface of the larger pores with a thin film. Ultimate recovery and relative permeabilities of a reservoir greatly depend on the wetting behavior of the rocks. Modifying the wettability of a reservoir affects the production rates, production fluid ratios and the residual saturations. By adjusting the wettability of a system, a higher recovery factor can be achieved. Wettability alteration is necessary for preparing the cores and samples for experimental studies as well. There are several methods for wettability alteration among which, some are applicable only in laboratory scales while some are feasible in large scales as well. Using nano-materials for alteration of wettability is a new method which is focused on, after the development of the techniques for synthesizing nano sized particles in late 1980s. In this paper, after mentioning the fundamentals of wettability alteration, a review study is done on the nano materials which are used for wettability alteration. Among these nano-materials nano particles of silica and polysilicone indicated better results, in terms of efficiency on incremental oil recovery in water flooding, and therefore a more detailed description on these materials is mentioned in this paper.
Towards Closing the Loop on Drilling Fluid Management Control
Authors: Iversen F. P. , Daireaux B. , Alyaev S. , Petersen J. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The important task of managing the drilling fluid during drilling operations is traditionally performed by highly qualified mud engineers at the rig site, following the constraints of the drilling fluid program, designed prior to commencing drilling operations. Due to uncertainty in planning data, the fluids specification may in many cases be unsuitable for the actual conditions in the well, requiring manual adjustments. However, ongoing developments in mechanization, robotics and real-time sensor technology for drilling fluids processing on the rig are making possible a revolution in fluids control. Based on such new and developing technology, we here consider the possibility of computer enabled closed loop real-time optimization of the drilling fluids property management on the rig.
Automated drilling fluids optimization may be performed within the constraints of the parameter ranges of the drilling fluid program, and with respect to more complex downhole behavior such as hole cleaning efficiency, affected by the combination of multiple fluids properties. Computationally inexpensive local optimization algorithms are sufficient for our purpose, requiring input from fluid compositional models. Such models are briefly reviewed. Standard interfaces are further required in order to apply input from third party models or correlation tables. We consider mixing scenarios where the domain of the optimization problem is constrained by the type and quantity of additives available on the rig site, and where automated sensors and computer controlled mixing technologies currently becoming available are assumed applied.
Examples of drilling fluids optimization control functionality are presented. The applied methods and algorithms can take advantage of highly instrumented surface installations, but may also be adapted to a more conventional set-up with limited real-time measurements, at the cost of lower accuracy. Correlations between composition and the various optimization targets may be visualized as an aid in the supervisory decision process. Requirements with regards to modelling and methods of control are discussed, and the status of development of enabling technology is presented, indicating also perceived technology gaps. Finally, results from simulations with a software prototype are reported.
The presented methodology complements recent efforts made in the field of drilling fluid mixing automation: while previous focus has often been on robotization of the process and on supervised control, such as maintaining a specified fluid density, the described approach allows for automatic redesign of the fluid composition. It is particularly well-suited for situations where down-hole conditions change rapidly, as they are accounted for in the optimization procedure.
Intellectual Ability in the Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Dystrophin Gene Mutation Location
Authors: Rasic Milic V. , Vojinovic D. , Pesovic J. , Mijalkovic G. , Lukic V. , Mladenovic J. , Kosac A. , Novakovic I. , Maksimovic N. , Romac S. , Todorovic S. , Pavicevic Savic D. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy during childhood. Mutations in dystrophin (DMD) gene are also recognized as a cause of cognitive impairment. We aimed to determine the association between intelligence level and mutation location in DMD genes in Serbian patients with DMD. Forty-one male patients with DMD, aged 3 to 16 years, were recruited at the Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth in Belgrade, Serbia. All patients had defined DMD gene deletions or duplications [multiplex ligation- dependent probe amplification (MLPA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and cognitive status assessment (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Brunet-Lezine scale, Vineland-Doll scale). In 37 patients with an estimated full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), six (16.22%) had borderline intelligence (70<FSIQ ≤85), while seven (18.92%) were intellectually impaired (FSIQ <70). The FSIQ was not associated with proximal and distal mutations when boundaries were set at exons 30 and 45. However, FSIQ was statistically significantly associated with mutation location when we assumed their functional consequence on dystrophin isoforms and when mutations in the 5’-untranslated region (5’UTR) of Dp140 (exons 45-50) were assigned to affect only Dp427 and Dp260. Mutations affecting Dp140 and Dp71/Dp40 have been associated with more frequent and more severe cognitive impairment. Finally, the same classification of mutations explained the greater proportion of FSIQ variability associated with cumulative loss of dystrophin isoforms. In conclusion, cumulative loss of dystrophin isoforms increases the risk of intellectual impairment in DMD and characterizing the genotype can define necessity of early cognitive interventions in DMD patients.
X-Linked Recessive Form of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus in A 7-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Janchevska A. , Tasic V. , Gucev Z. , Krstevska-Konstantinova M. , Cheong H. I. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by the inability of renal collecting duct cells to respond to arginine vasopressin (AVP)/antidiuretic hormone (ADH). We present the case of a 7-year-old boy with a history of excretion of large amounts of dilute urine and polydipsia since infancy. The boy had several vomiting episodes with mild dehydration during the first 3 years of life. There was no evidence of headaches, dizziness or visual problems. He drinks between 2 and 3 L/day and has 24-hour diuresis of 2 liters, now. He has prepubertal appearance with appropriate weight [+0.85 standard deviation score (SDS)] and height (+0.15 SDS) for his age. His intelligence was also normal. The water deprivation test showed low urine osmolality after 8 hours of dehydration. After desmopressin administration, urine osmolality remained low. Serum osmolality was in the normal range for sex and age before and after desmopressin administration. This indicated a nephrogenic form of diabetes insipidus. Molecular analyses revealed a P286L [p.Pro(CCC)286Leu(CTC)] mutation in the AVPR2 gene, that was inherited from his mother. This patient is the first case with genetically confirmed X-linked inherited form of NDI in the Republic of Macedonia. Molecular analysis confirmed the clinical diagnosis and enabled genetic advice for this family.
Risk of Experiment Failure – Analysis of Crash Test Reliability / Ryzyko Niepowodzenia Eksperymentu – Analiza Niezawodności Prób Zderzeniowych
Authors: Perz Rafał , Matyjewski Marek 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The research on automotive safety usually involves crash test experiments. These tests are very expensive, often difficult to replicate, which may lead to serious loss. This paper shows the crash test reliability analysis and classifies the risk of failure of such experiment. 46 frontal crash tests were conducted with the use of crash test dummies. All the tests were prepared according to the standard operating procedure (SOP) and the strict check list was followed before each run. All the tests were categorized for loss and analyzed for the cause of failure. Then the probability of failure of crash test experiment was calculated. From 46 conducted tests, 6 failed, which is 13% of all the tests. The main reason of the test failures was human mistake. The results show that probability of loss during crash tests is very likel
“Attention Must Be Paid”: Death of a Salesman’s Counter-Adapted Yiddish Homecoming
Authors: Caplan Debra 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: This article considers the Yiddish-language response to Death of a Salesman as an essential component of the play’s reception history. I examine how Yiddish adaptations of Salesman subtly subverted Miller’s pro-acculturation message through a mechanism that I call counter-adaptation, which I define as an adaptive mode used by a culture on the margins to counteract the agenda of the original while simultaneously performing loyalty to it. Moreover, I document how Miller’s support for a Yiddish production of Salesman in New York sheds new light on the playwright’s contested relationship with his Jewish identity and reveals that Miller was far more willing to concede the Loman family’s Jewishness in this period than has previously been suggested. In arguing that we cannot accurately interpret post-war American dramatists like Miller without examining the Yiddish record, I am advocating for a multilingual corrective to American theatre scholarship at large.
Reading Collage Drama as Documentary Drama: Trash Archives and Dissensus in Charles L. Mee’s Lives of the Artists
Authors: Youker Timothy 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Theatre scholarship tends to link the term “documentary theatre” (positively or pejoratively) with the methods and professional ethics of journalists, social scientists, or historians. However, documentary theatre, from the 1920s to the present, has had more in common than is often assumed with avant-garde practices such as collage, assemblage, and bricolage. This article uses the biographical plays of Charles L. Mee, whose cut-and-paste dramaturgy combines textual fragments from factual and fictional sources, to argue for a more expansive definition of the term documentary theatre – one encompassing works that dissent from conventional thinking about how evidence is identified, collected, organized, and explained. This argument focuses upon Mee’s play about disabled “outsider” artist James Castle, soot and spit, and draws upon Jacques Rancière’s writing about panechastic teaching and dissensual art.