bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuel starvation in automotive PEMFC stacks: hydrogen stoichiometry and electric cell-to-cell interaction
Authors: Nissen Jens , Boye Jan-Peter , Schwämmlein Jan Nicolas , Hölzle Markus 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Fuel gross starvation (FGS) in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is an error state, during which the supplied amount of fuel is insufficient to sustain the requested electrical current. A novel experimental technique was developed to intentionally provoke well-controlled fuel starvation situations of one single cell in a multi-cell fuel cell stack. This modification was implemented in a 20 cell stack of automotive-sized cell geometry and carbon composite bipolar plates (BP). The intentional fuel starvation situation was analyzed using a printed circuit board to measure the current density distribution (CDD) in addition to a multipoint cell voltage monitoring (CVM) to measure local cell voltages. The provoked detrimental subsidiary reactions of the anode were found to take place spatially separated from the normal hydrogen oxidation reaction. It was therefore possible to determine and intentionally vary the hydrogen stoichiometry of the fuel starved cell. This error state caused intense distortions of the starved cells CDD and local cell voltages. The maximum difference obtained between outlet and inlet voltage of the modified cell was 1.4 V. Compared to the average current density, a more than 4-times higher maximum local current density was measured in the affected cell. Adjacent cells were also affected via electric cell-to-cell interaction. Characteristic patterns therefore became visible in the cell voltage distribution, measured by the inlet and outlet CVM. The use of carbon composite BP is favoring the occurrence of these patterns due to their relatively high electric sheet resistance. Using the new hardware setup, we could investigate the relation between the hydrogen stoichiometry of the affected cell during FGS and the observed irregular redistribution of current density and local cell voltages.
Parametric study to investigate mechanical properties of welded dissimilar Al6063 and Al 7073 alloys through FSW process
Authors: Singh Bipin Kumar , Gautam Sujeet Kumar , Anand Anshu , Singh Ritesh Kumar , Tiwari Sanjiv Kumar , Subhani Amir Raza , Upadhyaya Rajat 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aluminium alloys have been the most prominent materials that have applications in every industry due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. The low melting point and easy recyclability also attract the scientific community to apply such material in modern manufacturing. The revolution in aluminium alloys came after the invention of friction stir welding, which provided high-end welding results and catastrophically increased its application in aerospace industries. Still, many inconclusive studies need to be explored for its high-end application, especially for newly invented aluminium alloy composites. Hence, this study investigates the application of friction stir welding process for welding dissimilar Aluminium alloy compositions. The investigation starts by analysing the effect of rotational speed, feed rate, and force on temperature generation, hardness, and welding strength. Three levels of process parameters, i.e. rotational speed in the range of 1000–1200 rpm, force of 12–18 N and feed rate of 40–60 mm min−1, are selected to analyse the effect on hardness and strength of the weld. After analysis, the optimum conditions obtained were a rotational speed of 1200 rpm, a feed rate of 50 mm min−1, and an average load of 15 N for a maximum hardness of 93.16 BHN and welding strength of 228 MPa. The investigation’s findings indicated that several phenomena, including the effects of high blending activity, plastic disfigurement, the repercussions of grain structure, and frictional intensity, may influence the hardness and strength of the weld. The growth of uniform structure at the stirred area is caused by pin movement during welding, specifically from the retreating side to the advancing side.
Innovative spoke design for non-pneumatic tyres with enhanced load-bearing capacity and customizability for all vehicles
Authors: Mane Shubham Suresh , Awate Pankaj P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
For over a century, pneumatic tyres have been a crucial part of automobiles. Recently, non-pneumatic (airless) tyres have emerged, offering innovation but facing challenges in complexity, vehicle safety, adaptability, and load-bearing capacity. This research introduces a new spoke design for non-pneumatic tyres that outperforms conventional honeycomb and diamond spokes tyres in load-bearing capacity, while being less complex and customizable for various vehicles, including public transport. The study is structured into two phases. In Phase 1, the spoke design is selected from various CAD models using SolidWorks. This involves comparing the parabola design against prior design studies and honeycomb and diamond spokes concerning total deformation, maximum shear stress, equivalent (von Mises) stress, and maximum principal elastic strain with the help of FEA software Ansys. Results show that the Parabola design surpasses the pneumatic tyres in terms of load-bearing capacity, The parabola spoke design shows a consistent vertical stiffness under varying loads, ranging from 1500 N to 4500 N, with no sudden spikes or drops indicating structural instability. The objective is to identify the spoke design that best meets the performance objectives for phase 2 analysis. In Phase 2, the material selection and analysis are conducted. The goal is to determine the optimal polyurethane durometer rating for bus tyres. In this phase, the insights from Phase 1 are applied to scale up the design and choose suitable materials, showcasing the design’s adaptability from car tyres to bus tyres. Ansys will be used for analysing the total deformation of the tyre under a force of 40,000N, simulating the extreme operating conditions for bus tyres. This paper provides valuable data on non-pneumatic tyre spoke design, material selection, deformation analysis, design optimization, and standardization, enhancing vehicle safety and performance in public transport.
Expectations Versus Fantasies and Vaccine Hesitancy: How Suffering From COVID-19 Versus Suffering From Vaccines Interact
Authors: Kim SunYoung , Gollwitzer Peter M , Oettingen Gabriele 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous research on COVID-19 vaccination highlights future thoughts associated with possible Coronavirus infection and vaccine side effects as key predictors of vaccine hesitancy. Yet, research has focused on independent contributions of such future thoughts, neglecting their interactive aspects.

Purpose
We examined whether thoughts about two possible COVID-related futures (suffering from COVID-19 and vaccine side effects) interactively predict vaccine hesitancy and vaccination behavior among unvaccinated and vaccinated people. Importantly, we compared two forms of future thinking: beliefs or expectations (likelihood judgments) versus fantasies (free thoughts and images describing future events).

Methods
In Study 1, we conducted a longitudinal study with an unvaccinated group (N = 210). We assessed expectations versus fantasies about the two COVID-related futures as predictors. As outcome variables, we measured vaccine hesitancy, and 9 weeks later we assessed information seeking and vaccine uptake. Study 2 was a cross-sectional study comparing vaccine hesitancy of an unvaccinated group (N = 307) to that of a vaccinated group (N = 311).

Results
Study 1 found that more negative fantasies about COVID-19 impact and less negative fantasies about vaccine side effects interactively predicted lower vaccine hesitancy and more vaccine-related behaviors among unvaccinated people; no such interaction was observed between respective expectations. Study 2 replicated these results of Study 1. Additionally, for vaccinated people, low expectations of negative COVID-19 impact and high expectations of negative vaccine impact interactively predicted higher vaccine hesitancy, whereas no such interaction was observed for respective fantasies.

Conclusions
Research on vaccine hesitancy should explore interactions between future thinking about disease and about vaccine side effects. Importantly, there is much to be gained by distinguishing expectations versus fantasies: vaccination interventions aiming to boost vaccine uptake among unvaccinated people should tap into their negative future fantasies regarding both disease and vaccine side effects.
Diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction in patients with renal failure using high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T
Authors: Knott Jonathan D , Ola Olatunde , De Michieli Laura , Akula Ashok , Mehta Ramila A , Dworak Marshall , Crockford Erika , Lobo Ronstan , Slusser Joshua , Rastas Nicholas , Karturi Swetha , Wohlrab Scott , Hodge David O , Grube Eric , Tak Tahir , Cagin Charles , Gulati Rajiv , Sandoval Yader , Jaffe Allan S 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
Diagnosing myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is difficult as they often have increased high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) concentrations.

Methods and results
Observational US cohort study of emergency department patients undergoing hs-cTnT measurement. Cases with ≥1 hs-cTnT increase &gt; 99th percentile were adjudicated following the Fourth Universal Definition of MI. Diagnostic performance of baseline and serial 2 h hs-cTnT thresholds for ruling-in acute MI was compared between those without and with CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The study cohort included 1992 patients, amongst whom 501 (25%) had CKD. There were 75 (15%) and 350 (70%) patients with CKD and 80 (5%) and 351 (24%) without CKD who had acute MI and myocardial injury. In CKD patients with baseline hs-cTnT thresholds of ≥52, &gt;100, &gt;200, or &gt;300 ng/L, positive predictive values (PPVs) for MI were 36% (95% CI 28–45), 53% (95% CI 39–67), 73% (95% CI 50–89), and 80% (95% CI 44–98), and in those without CKD, 61% (95% CI 47–73), 69% (95% CI 49–85), 59% (95% CI 33–82), and 54% (95% CI 25–81). In CKD patients with a 2 h hs-cTnT delta of ≥10, &gt;20, or &gt;30 ng/L, PPVs were 66% (95% CI 51–79), 86% (95% CI 68–96), and 88% (95% CI 68–97), and in those without CKD, 64% (95% CI 50–76), 73% (95% CI 57–86), and 75% (95% CI 58–88).

Conclusion
Diagnostic performance of standard baseline and serial 2 h hs-cTnT thresholds to rule-in MI is suboptimal in CKD patients. It significantly improves when using higher baseline thresholds and delta values.
Beta-blocker initiation under dobutamine infusion in acute advanced heart failure: a target trial emulation with observational data
Authors: Mori Yuichiro , Inoue Kosuke , Sato Hiroyuki , Tsushima Takahiro , Fukuma Shingo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
In patients with advanced heart failure requiring dobutamine infusion, it is usually recommended to initiate beta-blockers after weaning from dobutamine. However, beta-blockers are sometimes initiated under dobutamine infusion in a real-world scenario. The association between such early beta-blocker initiation with clinical outcomes is unknown. Therefore, this study investigates the association between initiating beta-blockers under dobutamine infusion and survival outcomes.

Methods and results
This observational study with a multicentre inpatient-care database emulated a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the beta-blocker initiation strategy. First, 1151 patients on dobutamine and not on beta-blockers on the day of heart failure admission (Day 0) were identified. Among 1095 who met eligibility criteria, patients who were eventually initiated beta-blockers under dobutamine infusion by Day 7 (early initiation strategy) were 1:1 matched to those who were not initiated (conservative strategy). The methods of cloning, censoring, and weighting were applied to emulate the target trial. Patients were followed up for up to 30 days. The primary outcome was all-cause death. Among 780 matched patients (median age, 81 years), the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.11 (95% confidence interval 0.75–1.64, P = 0.59) for the early initiation strategy. The estimated 30-day all-cause mortalities in the early initiation strategy and the conservative strategy were 19.3% (10.6–30.7) and 16.2% (9.2–25.3), respectively. The results were consistent when we used different days to determine strategies (i.e. 5 and 9) instead of 7 days.

Conclusion
The present observational study emulating a pragmatic RCT found no positive or negative association between beta-blocker initiation under dobutamine infusion and overall survival.
Using personal development activities to improve learners’ well-being
Authors: Orosz Agnes 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
During the semester of Oct 2022 to Feb 2023, I decided to incorporate personal development activities into my C1-level General English classes at an Ecuadorian teacher training university in the hope that it would positively impact my students’ well-being both in the present and in preparation for their future careers and lives beyond the classroom. This was only the second face-to-face semester after the COVID pandemic had forced us into online learning for two years, and many students were struggling with a whole host of issues affecting their lives and learning. Throughout the 16-week semester, I supplemented the textbook with various activities focusing on mental and physical health that I had come across in my own self-development journey. This article hopes to point to a possible way to weave well-being competencies into the English language curriculum, which practitioners elsewhere may be interested in applying in their own classrooms.
Trends in Memory Function and Memory Impairment Among Older Adults in the United States and Europe, 1996–2018
Authors: Myrskylä Mikko , Hale Jo Mhairi , Schneider Daniel C , Mehta Neil K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Single-country studies document varying time trends in memory function and impairment. Comparative analyses are limited.

Methods
We used self-respondent data on adults aged 50+ years in 13 countries from 3 surveys (United States: Health and Retirement Study, 1998–2018; England: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, 2002–2018; 11 European countries: Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, 2004–2019). Memory is measured with tests of immediate and delayed word recall. Unweighted age- and gender-adjusted mixed effects regression models as well as models with adjustments for additional sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviors were examined. Heterogeneity in trends by gender, age group, and educational attainment was measured.

Results
The age-adjusted 10-year improvement in average test score is 0.04 standard deviations (SDs) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03, 0.05) in the United States, 0.17 SDs (95% CI: 0.15, 0.19) in England, and 0.24 SDs (95% CI: 0.23, 0.25) in SHARE countries. Trends are largely similar across gender, age groups, and educational attainment. Regional differences in trends remain after adjustment for potential mechanisms. The difference between the United States and other countries is particularly large under 75 years of age compared to 75 years and older.

Conclusions
Pace of improvement in memory function varies strongly across countries. On average, the 11 European countries studied had the fastest improvement, followed by England. The trend in the United States indicates improvement, but at a much slower pace compared to that in England and other European countries. Uncovering the causes for the cross-country heterogeneity in time trends, and in particular the reasons for the comparatively poor performance of the United States, should be both a research and public health priority.
Solute Transporter OCTN1/Slc22a4 Affects Disease Severity and Response to Infliximab in Experimental Colitis: Role of Gut Microbiota and Immune Modulation
Authors: Del Chierico Federica , Masi Letizia , Petito Valentina , Baldelli Valerio , Puca Pierluigi , Benvenuto Roberta , Fidaleo Marco , Palucci Ivana , Lopetuso Loris Riccardo , Caristo Maria Emiliana , Carrozza Cinzia , Giustiniani Maria Cristina , Nakamichi Noritaka , Kato Yukio , Putignani Lorenza , Gasbarrini Antonio , Pani Giovambattista , Scaldaferri Franco 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic disabling conditions with a complex and multifactorial etiology, still incompletely understood. OCTN1, an organic cation transporter, could have a role in modulating the inflammatory response, and some genetic polymorphisms of this molecule have been associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel diseases. Until now, limited information exists on its potential in predicting/modulating patient’s response to therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of OCTN1 in modifying gut microbiota and mucosal immunity in response to infliximab therapy in murine colitis.

Methods
A dextran sodium sulphate model of colitis was used to assess the clinical efficacy of infliximab administered intravenously in ocnt1 gene knockout mice and their C57BL/6 controls. Stool, colon, and mesenteric lymph node samples were collected to evaluate differences in gut microbiota composition, histology, and T cell populations, respectively.

Results
Octn1 -/- influences the microbiota profile and is associated with a worse dysbiosis in mice with colitis. Infliximab treatment attenuates colitis-associated dysbiosis, with an increase of bacterial richness and evenness in both strains. In comparison with wild type, octn1-/- mice have milder disease and a higher baseline percentage of Treg, Tmemory, Th2 and Th17 cells.

Conclusions
Our data support the murine model to study OCTN1 genetic contribution to inflammatory bowel diseases. This could be the first step towards the recognition of this membrane transporter as a biomarker in inflammatory conditions and a predictor of response to therapies.
Detecting Temporal shape changes with the Euler Characteristic Transform
Authors: Marsh Lewis , Zhou Felix Y , Qin Xiao , Lu Xin , Byrne Helen M , Harrington Heather A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organoids are multi-cellular structures that are cultured in vitro from stem cells to resemble specific organs (e.g., brain, liver) in their three-dimensional composition. Dynamic changes in the shape and composition of these model systems can be used to understand the effect of mutations and treatments in health and disease. In this paper, we propose a new technique in the field of topological data analysis for DEtecting Temporal shape changes with the Euler Characteristic Transform (DETECT). DETECT is a rotationally invariant signature of dynamically changing shapes. We demonstrate our method on a data set of segmented videos of mouse small intestine organoid experiments and show that it outperforms classical shape descriptors. We verify our method on a synthetic organoid data set and illustrate how it generalizes to 3D. We conclude that DETECT offers rigorous quantification of organoids and opens up computationally scalable methods for distinguishing different growth regimes and assessing treatment effects.
Affine Springer Fibers and Generalized Haiman Ideals (with an Appendix by Eugene Gorsky and Joshua P. Turner)
Authors: Turner Joshua P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We compute the Borel–Moore homology of unramified affine Springer fibers for $\textrm{Gr}_n$ under the assumption that they are equivariantly formal and relate them to certain ideals discussed by Haiman. For $n=3$, we give an explicit description of these ideals, compute their Hilbert series, generators, and relations, and compare them to generalized $(q,t)$-Catalan numbers. We also compare the homology to the Khovanov–Rozansky homology of the associated link, and prove a version of a conjecture of Oblomkov, Rasmussen, and Shende in this case.
Fast and Greener Ultrasound-Assisted Acid Extraction for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Fluorescent Lamp Waste Using ICP OES
Authors: Duarte Vitor Busto , Gonçalves Felippe Ceraso , Guimarães Júlia Concordido , Braz Bernardo Ferreira , Carneiro Manuel Castro , Santelli Ricardo Erthal , Paulino Jéssica Frontino , Pontes Fernanda Veronesi Marinho 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the chemical composition of fluorescent lamp residue, particularly potentially toxic elements, is crucial for reducing environmental impacts and human health risks after disposal. However, the challenge lies in effectively analyzing these heterogeneous solid samples. Techniques involving quantitative dissolution become imperative, playing a fundamental role in quantifying trace elements.

Objective
The aim of this work is to develop and present a new, faster, and more efficient and environmentally friendly method using ultrasound-assisted acid extraction to quantify potentially toxic elements (Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn) present in fluorescent lamp waste using the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry technique.

Methods
An ultrasound-assisted acid extraction method for the quantification of potentially toxic elements in fluorescent lamp waste was developed and applied as a greener alternative to conventional digestion methods. For variable optimization, a full factorial design with two levels and two variables (time and temperature) was used to determine which factors significantly affected the observed response.

Results
The results obtained for the developed extraction method were compared with a reference method employing a heating acid digestion (with a mixture of HCl, HClO4, and HF) using statistical tools. The best results were obtained using an extraction time of 10 min and a temperature of 25°C. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was applied for element quantification.

Conclusion
The proposed extraction method showed good results for Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn. Furthermore, the proposed method based on ultrasound radiation presents additional criteria that align with the concepts of green analytical chemistry.

Highlights
A greener alternative method for the determination of Cu, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn in fluorescent lamp waste was developed. Optimal conditions for ultrasound extraction of potentially toxic elements were achieved in 10 min at a temperature of 25°C. Environmentally friendly aspects of ultrasound align with the requirements of green analytical chemistry.
Why and How Consumers Perform Online Reviewing Differently
Authors: de Kerviler Gwarlann , Demangeot Catherine , Dolbec Pierre-Yann 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reviewing products and services is a widespread consumer activity in which millions engage. Why and how do consumers review differently from one another? Prior work assumes that consumers commonly understand what reviewing is. Consequently, it attributes differences in reviewing to individual variations in psychological, motivational, and sociodemographic characteristics, consumption experiences, and expertise. This central assumption is problematic because it fails to consider that differences in how consumers understand reviewing may explain why they approach and perform reviewing differently. To address this gap, we analyze a large qualitative dataset composed of reviews and interviews with their authors. Our insights complement prior work by theorizing the sociocultural shaping of reviewing. We answer why consumers review differently by inductively theorizing the concept of reviewing orientation—a cultural model comprising a set of interconnected characteristics that shapes how consumers review and translates into a distinct reviewer voice—a reviewer’s standpoint expressed within a review. We answer how consumers review differently by developing three reviewing orientations: communal sharing, systemic evaluation, and competitive punditry. Finally, we discuss the transferability of the findings, the role of institutional dynamics in reviewing, and recommendations for online review platforms and marketers.