bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of additional canals in maxillary first permanent molars in adult Nigerian population: Using in vivo and in vitro techniques
Authors: Oboro-Onuora Helen O. , Onuora Obiajulu I. , Sede Mathew A. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence of additional canals in maxillary first permanent molar in an adult population in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study done using both in vivo and in vitro techniques. A total of 156 teeth were used; 50 for the in vivo and 106 for the in vitro study. Dental loupes and gentle troughing of the pulpal floor was done, to look for additional canal in the in vivo study, while the teeth in vitro study were sectioned at three levels after impregnation with a dye and magnifying glass was used to look for additional canals. Results: In the in vivo aspect of the study a total of 50 patients were treated, of this number 17 (34.0%) had additional canals, these were all found in the mesiobuccal roots. In the in vitro phase of the study 106 teeth were examined, sectioning at the cementoenamel junction revealed that 6 (5.7%) and 2 (1.9%) of the mesiobuccal and palatal roots had additional canals. Sectioning at the furcation and middle of the mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal roots revealed that 76 (71.1%) and 80 (75.5%) of the mesiobuccal roots respectively had additional canals. Conclusion: It can be concluded, from the clinical, as well as the laboratory aspect of this study that the incidence of additional canals in the maxillary first permanent molar, in this environment, is much higher than what was previously reported, and when these additional canals are present, they are usually found in the mesiobuccal root.
In vivo cytotoxicity of injection molded and conventional pressure pack acrylic resin dentures
Authors: Tunçdemir Ali Riza , Koç Ahmet , Polat Serdar , Gümüş H. Önder , Dalkiz Mehmet 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Context: Acrylic resins are widely used in the fabrication of denture bases and have been shown to be cytotoxic as a result of substances that leach from the resin. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of the injectionmolded and conventional pressure-pack heat polymerized acrylic base resin systems with evaluation of the micronucleus frequency on the oral mucosa of the participants. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out by examining the 20 patients′ buccal mucosa who begin to use complete dentures that fabricated by different heat polymerized systems. The micronucleus incidence was scored in the buccal epithelial of each patients. Epithelial cells were collected from oral mucosa by a wooden spatula before applying the prosthesis in the mouth, after 1 week and 1 month and they were smeared on to clean microscope glass slides then examined under light microscope. Results: Micronucleus frequency was higher in individuals′ buccal mucosa who used conventional press pack dentures than injection molded heat polymerized groups. There was not statistically significant differences between conventional and injection molded heat polymerized groups (P>0.05). Number of micronucleus at the end of the 1 week was much more than after 1 month for each groups. Conclusion: Complete dentures that fabricated by injection molded denture base materials is less cytotoxic than conventional pressure pack acrylic resin.
Mandibular bilateral unerupted non-obstructing supernumerary premolars as a rare paradental anomaly
Authors: Gupta Vineet , Kumar Puneet , Kumar Prince , Lakhani Nishant 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNon-syndromal multiple supernumerary teeth are most commonly seen in mandibular premolars region, followed by the molar and the anterior regions respectively. Dental literature rarely reports symmetrical supernumerary teeth in all four quadrants. However, supernumerary premolars may not become radiographically visible until the patient′s normal premolars have erupted. This article presents a case of a 45-year-old male with bilateral unerupted fully formed, buccally angulated, supernumerary premolars in the mandibular region without any obstruction to the eruption of mandibular first and second premolars. There was no syndrome associated. The delayed development of the supernumerary teeth in the premolar region supports the hypothesis that these teeth were part of a post-permanent dentition.
Activity of N-acetyl-L-cysteine against Biofilm of Staphylococcus Aureus and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa on Orthopedic Prosthetic Materials
Authors: Drago Lorenzo , De Vecchi Elena , Mattina Roberto , Romanò Carlo L. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are frequently isolated from biofilm-associated orthopedic implant infections. This study assessed the activity of N-acetyl-L-cysteine at inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations against biofilm formed by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on prosthetic materials. Methods S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm on smooth polyethylene and sand-blasted titanium discs was determined by means of a spectrophotometric assay before and at 3, 6, and 18 hours after addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Results N-acetyl-L-cysteine was able to disaggregate biofilm produced by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on polyethylene and titanium discs after 3 h of incubation. A different rate in eradication of biofilm produced by P. aeruginosa was seen between polyethylene and titanium (50% vs. 20% respectively vs. biofilm formed before treatment). Results were confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Conclusions The results suggest a possible role of N-acetyl-L-cysteine in the treatment of orthopedic prosthetic infections.
The Evaluation of Filtration Coefficients of Microvasculature for the Assessment of Fluid Status in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yashiro Masatomo , Ochiai Miyuki , Fujisawa Nao , Kadoya Yuko , Kamata Tadashi 
Published: January 2013

Purpose Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is widely used to assess fluid status in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Our purpose is to evaluate filtration coefficients (Lpst) as an alternative test to assess fluid status by utilizing BIS as a reference test. Methods 106 HD patients (determined group) were divided into two groups with (EX group: 53) or without excess fluid mass (ExF). ExF calculated from extracellular water and intracellular water measured by BIS. Multiple linear regression equation of Lpst was made using ExF (ExF/DW) and ultrafiltration rate (UFR/DW) to adjust Lpst (AdjLpst). The cut-off values of the tests for detection of EX were determined by receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis. Lpst, AdjLpst, serum atrial natriuretic peptide concentration (ANP), ultrasonically measured inferior vena cava diameter (IVCe/BSA), and blood volume change (ΔBV/TUF/DW) were examined. The detection abilities of these tests were evaluated in the distinct 61 patients (evaluated group). Results Patients of the EX group numbered 29 in the evaluated group. The correlation between AdjLpst and ExF/DW was the highest. The sensitivity of AdjLpst and specificity of Lpst were the highest. The specificity of AdjLpst was equivalent to that of Lpst. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of AdjLpst were the higher (20.80, 95% CI, 5.61-77.10, 16.06, 95% CI 4.00-64.59, respectively) than those of the other tests. Conclusions AdjLpst can detect patients of the EX group more accurately than other tests. Because AdjLpst is related to plasma refilling, it may indicate removable fluid overload. AdjLpst in conjunction with BIS may contribute to more adequate fluid management.
Regroup On “E-Groups”: Monumentality and Early Centers in the Middle Preclassic Maya Lowlands
Authors: Doyle James A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFor nearly a century, scholars have used astronomical evidence to explain the Lowland Maya architectural type known as “E-Groups” as solar observatories and, by extension, as locations for rituals related to solar and agricultural cycles. This article departs from the usual focus on the observational properties of E-Groups and places them in the context of early Maya monumentality during the Middle Preclassic period. Specifically, E-Groups are seen as the earliest monumental social spaces in the Maya Lowlands, with multifaceted functions and placements that indicate a shared social map of the landscape. Geographic information systems viewshed analysis of Middle Preclassic E-Group sites demonstrates that populations constructed E-Groups in places that maximized visibility of the nearby landscape. Viewsheds conducted at sites with Middle Preclassic E-Groups in the central Maya Lowlands suggest that the large plazas and similar monumental architecture represent the centers of comparable, mutually visible communities. Settlers founding these communities consciously created distance from neighboring monumental centers, perhaps as means of defining and buttressing group identity and undergirding spatial claims to political authority. Recent archaeological evidence affords clues that such spaces were civic, allowing architectural settings for social gatherings and access to resources.
A Macroregional Perspective on Chiefly Cycling in the Central Region of Panama During the Late Ceramic Ii Period (A.D. 700–1522)
Authors: Menzies Adam C. J. , Haller Mikael J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe sixteenth-century indigenous societies who inhabited the Pacific plains of Panama have occupied an important place in discussions of social hierarchy in the Americas. Beginning with the discovery of the richly stocked tombs at Sitio Conte in the 1930s the origins of social hierarchy and wealth accumulation has been a key theme in the Central Region of Panama. Although the most lavish burial hoards at Sitio Conte contained hundreds of sumptuary goods elaborately decorated with cosmological iconography, no other contemporary cemetery shows evidence for this degree of wealth accumulation. The only other site with mortuary patterning suggestive of high ranking individuals is He-4, where high ranking mound burials were interred following the abandonment of the Sitio Conte cemetery. From a macroregional perspective the increase in access to prestige goods in mound burials at He-4 contemporaneous with, or immediately after, the decline of Sitio Conte is best explained as a result of changes in political organization of the kind often associated with the growth and decline of chiefly polities.
Small Caves and Sacred Geography: A Case Study from the Prehispanic Maya Site of Maax Na, Belize
Authors: King Eleanor M. , Brady James E. , Shaw Leslie C. , Cobb Allan B. , Kieffer C. L. , Brennan Michael L. , Harris Chandra L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractContemporary research on prehispanic Maya landscapes has focused on caves as core features of the cultural geography. Investigations within a number of large caves have suggested that they served as the loci for important rituals, legitimized inhabitants’ claims to their territory, and helped establish the authority of a site’s ruling elite. The ubiquity and centrality of caves in the Maya worldview raises questions about what happened in regions where large caves did not naturally form. Recent investigations at the site of Maax Na in northern Belize suggest that small caves, despite their diminutive size, still functioned to establish legitimacy and uphold power. The results serve to demonstrate the pervasive power of key ideological concepts in shaping the cultural landscape and indicate the need to take these into account in documenting landmarks at Maya sites, as even the less imposing ones may have been important to their inhabitants.
The Saint, the King's Grandson, the Poet, and the Victorian Writer: Instances of MS When the Disease Did Not Have a Name
Authors: Murray Jock 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Several historical figures experienced many of the manifestations of what we now call multiple sclerosis (MS). Descriptions of their symptoms and the medical treatments of the day are discussed. While modern clinicians may argue whether these people had MS, presumed MS, or another condition entirely, the case histories of Lidwina of Schiedam, Margaret Davis of Myddle, William Brown, Sir Augustus D'Esté, Heinrich Heine, Allan Stephenson, and Margaret Gatty provide an intriguing glimpse into the history of MS, medical treatment, and the social context of neurologic illness in previous centuries.
Predictive Value of SF–36 for MS–Specific Scales of the MS Quality of Life Inventory
Authors: Nuyens Godelieve , Van Asch Paul , Kerckhofs Eric , Vleugels Luc , Ketelaer Pierre 
Published: January 2013

Background: The MS Quality of Life Index (MSQLI) is a modular health-related quality of life instrument consisting of the Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36) and nine MS-specific measures. The purpose of this study is to assess whether adding all the proposed MS-specific measures to the SF-36 is necessary to obtain a more comprehensive measurement of quality of life in MS.
Method: Eighty-eight persons with multiple sclerosis, 42 men and 46 women, with an average age of 52.5 ± 11 years, completed the MSQLI questionnaires. The predictive value of SF-36 items to MS-specific scales was low to moderate, with r2-values ranging between 0.02 and 0.57. The accuracy of the predictive models was not sufficient enough to replace the MS-specific scales with the SF-36 items.
Conclusion: Adding scales to the SF-36 may be valuable to obtain a more comprehensive view on the quality of life of people with MS. (Int J MS Care. 2003; 5: 8–14)
Frequency and factors associated with adherence to and completion of combination antiretroviral therapy for prevention of mother to child transmission in western Kenya
Authors: Ayuo Paul , Musick Beverly , Liu Hai , Braitstein Paula , Nyandiko Winstone , Otieno‐Nyunya Boaz , Gardner Adrian , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara 
Published: January 2013

IntroductionThe objective of this analysis was to identify points of disruption within the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) continuum from combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) initiation until delivery.MethodsTo address this objective, the electronic medical records of all antiretroviral‐naïve adult pregnant women who were initiating CART for PMTCT between January 2006 and February 2009 within the Academic Model Providing Access To Healthcare (AMPATH), western Kenya, were reviewed. Outcomes of interest were clinician‐initiated change or stop in regimen, disengagement from programme (any, early, late) and self‐reported medication adherence. Disengagement was categorized as early disengagement (any interval of greater than 30 days between visits but returning to care prior to delivery) or late disengagement (no visit within 30 days prior to the date of delivery). The association between covariates and the outcomes of interest were assessed using bivariate (Kruskal‐Wallis test for continuous variables and the Chi‐square test for categorical variables) and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 4284 antiretroviral‐naïve pregnant women initiated CART between January 2006 and February 2009. The majority of women (89%) reported taking all of their medication at every visit. There were 18 (0.4%) deaths reported. Clinicians discontinued CART in 10 patients (0.7%) while 1367 (31.9%) women disengaged from care. Of those disengaging, 404 (29.6%) disengaged early and 963 (70.4%) late. In the multivariate model, the odds of disengagement decreased with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 0.982; confidence interval [CI] 0.966–0.998) and increasing gestational age at CART initiation (OR 0.925; CI 0.909–0.941). Women receiving care at a district hospital (OR 0.794; CI 0.644–0.980) or tuberculosis medication (OR 0.457; CI 0.202–0.935) were less likely to disengage. The odds of disengagement were higher in married women (OR 1.277; CI 1.034–1.584). The odds of early disengagement decreased with increasing age at CART initiation (OR 0.902; CI 0.881–0.924). The odds of late disengagement decreased with increasing age at CART initiation (OR 0.936; CI 0.917–0.956). While they increased with higher CD4 counts at CART‐initiation (OR 1.001; CI 1.000–1001) and in married women (OR 1.297; CI 1.000–1.695)ConclusionsIn a PMTCT programme embedded in an antiretroviral treatment programme with an active outreach department, the majority (67.4%) of women remained engaged and received uninterrupted prenatal CART.
ART treatment costs and retention in care in Kenya: a cohort study in three rural outpatient clinics
Authors: Larson Bruce A , Bii Margaret , Henly‐Thomas Sarah , McCoy Kelly , Sawe Fredrick , Shaffer Douglas , Rosen Sydney 
Published: January 2013

IntroductionAfter almost 10 years of PEPFAR funding for antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment programmes in Kenya, little is known about the cost of care provided to HIV‐positive patients receiving ART. With some 430,000 ART patients, understanding and managing costs is essential to treatment programme sustainability.MethodsUsing patient‐level data from medical records (n=120/site), we estimated the cost of providing ART at three treatment sites in the Rift Valley Province of Kenya (a clinic at a government hospital, a hospital run by a large agricultural company and a mission hospital). Costs included ARV and non‐ARV drugs, laboratory tests, salaries to personnel providing patient care, and infrastructure and other fixed costs. We report the average cost per patient during the first 12 months after ART initiation, stratified by site, and the average cost per patient achieving the primary outcome, retention in care 12 months after treatment initiation.ResultsThe cost per patient initiated on ART was $206, $252 and $213 at Sites 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The proportion of patients remaining in care at 12 months was similar across all sites (0.82, 0.80 and 0.84). Average costs for the subset of patients who remained in care at 12 months was also similar (Site 1, $229; Site 2, $287; Site 3, $237). Patients not retained in care cost substantially less (Site 1, $104; Site 2, $113; Site 3, $88). For the subset of patients who remained in care at 12 months, ART medications accounted for 51%, 44% and 50% of the costs, with the remaining costs split between non‐ART medications (15%, 11%, 10%), laboratory tests (14%, 15%, 15%), salaries to personnel providing patient care (9%, 11%, 12%) and fixed costs (11%, 18%, 13%).ConclusionsAt all three sites, 12‐month retention in care compared favourably to retention rates reported in the literature from other low‐income African countries. The cost of providing treatment was very low, averaging $224 in the first year, less than $20/month. The cost of antiretroviral medications, roughly $120 per year, accounted for approximately half of the total costs per patient retained in care after 12 months.
The Placenta Regulates Intrauterine Fetal Growth via Exosomal PPARγ
Authors: Luo Xiaofang , Huang Biao , Xu Ping , Wang Hao , Zhang Baozhen , Lin Li , Liao Jiujiang , Hu Mingyu , Liu Xiyao , Huang Jiayu , Fu Yong , Kilby Mark D. , Kellems Rodney E. , Fan Xiujun , Xia Yang , Baker Philip N. , Qi Hongbo , Tong Chao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAbnormal adipogenesis is a major contributor to fetal growth restriction (FGR) and its associated complications. However, the underlying etiology remains unclear. Here, it is reported that the placentas of women with pregnancies complicated with FGR exhibit peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) inactivation. In mice, trophoblast‐specific ablation of murine PPARγ reproduces the phenotype of human fetuses with FGR and defective adipogenesis. Coculture of trophoblasts with preadipocytes significantly improves preadipocyte commitment and differentiation and increases the transcription of a series of adipogenic genes via intercellular transfer of exosomal PPARγ proteins. Moreover, nanoparticle‐mediated placenta‐specific delivery of rosiglitazone (RGZ) significantly rescues adipogenesis defects in an FGR‐induced mouse model. In summary, the placenta is a major reservoir of PPARγ. An insufficient supply of placental PPARγ to fetal preadipocytes via exosomes during late gestation is a major mechanism underlying FGR. Preclinically, placenta‐targeted RGZ administration can be a promising interventional therapy for FGR and/or defective intrauterine fat development.
Roles of Kdm6a and Kdm6b in Regulation of Mammalian Neural Regeneration
Authors: Yang Shu‐Guang , Li Chang‐Ping , Wang Xue‐Wei , Huang Tao , Qian Cheng , Li Qiao , Zhao Ling‐Rui , Zhou Si‐Yu , Ding Chen‐Yun , Nie Rui , Saijilafu  , Hong Yu‐Cai , Liu Chang‐Mei , Zhou Feng‐Quan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of neuronal transcriptomic landscape is emerging to be a key coordinator of mammalian neural regeneration. The roles of two histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylases, Kdm6a/b, in controlling neuroprotection and axon regeneration are investigated here. Deleting either Kdm6a or Kdm6b leads to enhanced sensory axon regeneration in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), whereas in the central nervous system (CNS), only deleting Kdm6a in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) significantly enhances optic nerve regeneration. Moreover, both Kdm6a and Kdm6b function to regulate RGC survival but with different mechanisms. Mechanistically, Kdm6a regulates RGC regeneration via distinct pathway from that of Pten, and co‐deleting Kdm6a and Pten results in long distance optic nerve regeneration passing the optic chiasm. In addition, RNA‐seq profiling reveals that Kdm6a deletion switches the RGC transcriptomics into a developmental‐like state and suppresses several known repressors of neural regeneration. Klf4 is identified as a direct downstream target of Kdm6a‐H3K27me3 signaling in both sensory neurons and RGCs to regulate axon regeneration. These findings not only reveal different roles of Kdm6a and Kdm6b in regulation of neural regeneration and their underlying mechanisms, but also identify Kdm6a‐mediated histone demethylation signaling as a novel epigenetic target for supporting CNS neural regeneration.
Essential Role of the Anterior Piriform Cortex in Mediating Social Novelty Output via a Top–Down Circuit
Authors: Zhou Jingwei , Yin Zhaoyang , Chen Zhiyun , Fu Hanyu , Li Qun , Li Shan , Zhang Ying , Zhang Xianzhi , Tang Dewei , Li Anan , Wang Dejuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSocial novelty is indispensable for a wide range of social behaviors. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), along with other social information hubs, composes the foundational circuitry of social novelty. However, the precise circuit mechanisms that govern social novelty processing remain elusive. The piriform cortex, as the largest olfactory cortex, receives extensive innervation from top‐down centers that dictate social behavior. Here, it is shown that the anterior piriform cortex (APC) exhibited an increase in gamma event incidence during social engagement in male mice. In vivo electrophysiology and fiber photometry reveal that APC pyramidal neurons respond more intensely to novel mice than familiar ones. Intriguingly, silencing APC neurons selectively impairs social novelty processing, yet leaves the basic olfactory discrimination capabilities intact. Moreover, the APC inherits social cues from the mPFC and sends feedback projections to the olfactory bulb (OB) to modulate social novelty. These findings unveil the APC's role as extending well beyond olfaction, encompassing a specialized function in social novelty recognition in male mice.