bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Guidelines to Increase the Performance of a Rotor-Only Axial Fan With Constant-Swirl Blading
Authors: Masi Massimo , Piva Manuel , Lazzaretto Andrea 
Published: September 2014

The controlled vortex design is a common criterion to distribute circulation along the blade span for high total pressure axial fan rotors when diameter and/or rotational speed limitations are imposed. In addition, industrial fans have to comply with Standards which impose high total efficiency.
Researchers involved in the field of fan blading fluid-dynamics showed that forward sweep of the profiles stacking line may give beneficial effects in controlled vortex design blading. However, the published literature is not always unanimous in quantifying these effects and still lacks of clearly outlined design criteria. The paper searches for design guidelines that increase the performance of a rotor-only tube axial fan featuring a constant swirl blade design without reduction in total efficiency. The original fan is experimentally tested and considered as base design for CFD models that were build to estimate the effect of design modifications. The study of the interaction between blade sweep angle, tip clearance and radial shift of the meridional flow across the rotor suggested a design procedure which increases fan total pressure of about 10% at design point and significantly extends the stable operation range while keeping similar values of total efficiency within the whole operation range.
Utilitarian Cycling in Belgium: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of Regular Cyclists
Authors: de Geus Bas , Degraeuwe Bart , Vandenbulcke Grégory , Panis Luc Int , Thomas Isabelle , Aertsens Joris , De Weerdt Yves , Torfs Rudi , Meeusen Romain 
Published: September 2014

Background:For an accurate estimation of health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling, a prospective collection of bicycle usage data (exposure) is fundamental. Individual and environmental correlates are necessary to guide health promotion and traffic safety issues. Firstly, this study aims to report on utilitarian bicycle usage in Belgium, using a prospective data collection in regular adult commuter cyclists. Secondly, the association is explored between the individual variation in bicycle usage and individual and environmental correlates.Methods:1187 regular adult cyclists filled out travel diaries prospectively. Multivariate linear regression with Stepwise selection (SMLR) models studied the association between exposure and individual and environmental correlates.Results:Higher age and availability of cycle paths have a positive association with bicycle usage to work. Women cycle significant less compared with men, and so do cyclists with ‘poor’ or ‘average’ health. Living in an urban crown (opposed to city center) and living in Flanders (opposed to Brussels or Wallonia) is associated with significantly more cycling.Conclusions:Utilitarian cycling is related to regional differences, level of urbanization of the place of residence, availability of bicycle paths, and gender. These findings are useful in estimating health benefits and hazards of utilitarian cycling among regular Belgian cyclists.
Epidemiology of Injury Among Handlers and Dogs Competing in the Sport of Agility
Authors: Kerr Zachary Y. , Fields Sarah , Comstock R. Dawn 
Published: September 2014

Background:Little is known about the epidemiology of dog sport–related injuries. This study examines injuries among handlers and dogs in the sport of dog agility.Methods:A cross-sectional pilot study captured data on demographics, exposures, and injury for a sample of agility handlers and dogs. Logistic regressions predicted odds of injury.Results:Survey of 217 handlers and 431 dogs identified 31 handler injuries (1.55 training injuries per 1000 hours, 2.14 competition injuries per 1000 runs) and 38 dog injuries (1.74 training injuries per 1000 hours, 1.72 competition injuries per 1000 runs). Handlers most commonly injured knees (48.4%) and lower trunk (29.0%). Most common diagnoses were strains (51.6%) and sprains (32.3%). Obese handlers had increased odds of injury compared with normal weight handlers (OR = 5.5, P < .001). Dogs most commonly injured front paws (23.7%) and shoulders (15.8%). Most common diagnoses were strains (44.7%) and cut/scrapes (21.1%). Injury was positively associated with dog’s age (P < .05). Handlers more commonly reported positive physical, emotional, and social motivations for participation than competitive.Conclusions:Despite many health benefits, dog agility poses a risk of injury to both handlers and dogs. Future research on specific mechanisms of injury should drive evidence-based injury prevention strategies.
Physical Activity Level and Lifestyle-Related Risk Factors From Catalan Physicians
Authors: Pardo Alba , McKenna Jim , Mitjans Anna , Camps Berenguer , Aranda-Garcia Silvia , Garcia-Gil Juanjo , Violan Mariona 
Published: September 2014

Background:Physicians’ own Physical Activity (PA) and other health-related habits influence PA promotion. The current study identifies the PA level, according to the current PA recommendations and other health-related habits of physicians from the Catalan Medical Council.Methods:2400 physicians (30–55 years) were randomly selected; each received a self-administered mailed questionnaire identifying medical specialization, work setting, health self-perception, body mass index (BMI), PA, and smoking habits.Results:762 physicians responded (52% female). Almost 1 in 2 (49.3%) exercised sufficiently, nearly all selfperceived good health, while 80.5% were nonsmokers. Almost 6 in 10 males reported overweight or obesity (56.9%) versus 18.2% of females. Active physicians dominated specific groups: (1) aged 45–55 years, (2) specializing either in primary care or surgery, (3) working in the private sector, (4) BMI < 25kg/m2, (5) perceiving themselves in good health, or (6) having free leisure time.Conclusions:Only half of Catalan physicians met current PA recommendations; male physicians were particularly at risk for overweight/obesity. Overweight and under-exercise were associated with private workplaces and positive health perceptions, meaning that it is it is now possible to target inactive and/or overweight Catalan physicians in future interventions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Brachybacterium phenoliresistens Strain W13A50, a Halotolerant Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Zhang Zhuo , Jin Decai , Zhou Lisha , Wu Liang , Li Chen , Zhao Libin , An Wei , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Brachybacterium phenoliresistens
strain W13A50 was isolated from a petroleum-contaminated saline site, which could degrade hydrocarbon under high salinity conditions. Here, we present 4.2-Mb draft genome sequence of this strain, which will provide insights into the diversity of
Brachybacterium
and the mechanism of hydrocarbon degradation in saline environments.
Genome Sequence of the Microsporidian Species
Nematocida
sp1 Strain ERTm6 (ATCC PRA-372)
Authors: Bakowski Malina A. , Priest Margaret , Young Sarah , Cuomo Christina A. , Troemel Emily R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Microsporidia comprise a phylum of obligate intracellular pathogens related to fungi. Microsporidia
Nematocida
sp1 strain ERTm6 was isolated from wild-caught
Caenorhabditis briggsae
and causes a lethal intestinal infection in
Caenorhabditis
nematodes. We report the genome sequence of
N.
sp1 ERTm6, which will facilitate study of the
Nematocida
genus and other Microsporidia.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Two Clinical Isolates of Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Zunyi, China
Authors: Chen Ling , Zhang Derek T. , Zhang Jianyong , Su Yan A. , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Before 2013, 92 countries reported extensively drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
cases to the WHO. Here, we announce the genome sequences of two clinical isolates of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) from Zunyi, China. The genome sequences are composed of 4,411,507 bp and 4,411,515 bp with 2,210 and 2,071 variants, respectively, when compared to the H37Rv genome.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of Serratia marcescens Strain MCB, Associated with
Oscheius
sp. MCB (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) Isolated from South Africa
Authors: Serepa Mahloro H. , Gray Vincent M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report on the draft genome sequence of
Serratia marcescens
strain MCB associated with
Oscheius
sp. MCB (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) isolated from South African soil.
S. marcescens
strain MCB has 5,304,212-bp genome size with 4,877 genes and a G+C content of 59.1%.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Shellfish Bacterial Pathogen
Vibrio
sp. Strain B183
Authors: Schreier Harold J. , Schott Eric J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Vibrio
sp. strain B183, a Gram-negative marine bacterium isolated from shellfish that causes mortality in larval mariculture. The availability of this genome sequence will facilitate the study of its virulence mechanisms and add to our knowledge of
Vibrio
sp. diversity and evolution.
Whole-Genome Sequences of 24
Brucella
Strains
Authors: Minogue T. D. , Daligault H. A. , Davenport K. W. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Broomall S. M. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Chertkov O. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Gibbons H. S. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Rosenzweig C. N. , Scholz M. B. , Xu Y. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Brucella
species are intracellular zoonotic pathogens which cause, among other pathologies, increased rates of abortion in ruminants. Human infections are generally associated with exposure to contaminated and unpasteurized dairy products; however Brucellae have been developed as bioweapons. Here we present 17 complete and 7 scaffolded genome assemblies of
Brucella
strains.
Draft Genome Assembly of Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC 10580, a Historical Canine Clinical Isolate
Authors: Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Meincke L. , Munk C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the scaffolded genome of
Bordetella bronchiseptica
ATCC 10580, assembled into 98 contigs. This 5.1-Mb assembly (68.2% G+C content) contains 4,870 coding regions. The strain was originally isolated from canine lung tissue and is used in quality control testing.
Draft Genome Sequence of Serratia grimesii Strain A2
Authors: Mardanova Ayslu M. , Toymentseva Anna A. , Gilyazeva Adeliya G. , Kazakov Sergey V. , Shagimardanova Elena I. , Khaitlina Sofia Yu , Sharipova Margarita R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the first draft genome assembly of
Serratia grimesii
strain A2, previously identified as
Escherichia coli
strain A2, which produces protease ECP32 with a high specificity toward actin.
S. grimesii
strain A2 has multidrug resistance associated with a number of efflux pump genes.
Towards assessment of software reliability and its characteristics in safety systems of nuclear reactors
Authors: Babu P. Arun , Kumar C. Senthil , Murali N. , Jayakumar T. 
Published: September 2014

As software failures in critical systems could be life threatening and catastrophic, the increase in software-based controls for safety operations demand a systematic evaluation of software reliability. To understand the dynamics behind building reliable software, not only is it important to estimate software reliability with high confidence, it is necessary to study the factors that are likely to affect software reliability. This is especially important for systems that are yet to be certified to be used in the field, i.e. have no operational history. Such systems are often difficult to analyze as no or little operational information is available.
This paper attempts to generalize the following relationships in safety-critical software: (i) software reliability versus number of faults in software, (ii) software reliability versus results of static and dynamic analysis, and (iii) software reliability versus safety. The present study reports and discusses results observed in safety- critical software in nuclear reactors using mutation-based testing.
The results observed in the case studies indicate that (i) reliability estimates based on number of bugs present in software are likely to be inaccurate for safety-critical software, (ii) the relationship between reliability and errors observed during dynamic analysis indicates that the average warnings and errors decrease exponentially as the reliability increases. No conclusive relationship was found between software reliability and warnings observed during static analysis; and (iii) for safety-critical software, the required safety can be achieved by improving the reliability, however the converse is not always true.
The Expression of Four Genes as a Prognostic Classifier for Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma in 12 Independent Cohorts
Authors: Okayama Hirokazu , Schetter Aaron J. , Ishigame Teruhide , Robles Ana I. , Kohno Takashi , Yokota Jun , Takenoshita Seiichi , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background: We previously developed a prognostic classifier using the expression levels of BRCA1, HIF1A, DLC1, and XPO1 that identified stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients with a high risk of relapse. That study evaluated patients in five independent cohorts from various regions of the world. In an attempt to further validate the classifier, we have used a meta-analysis–based approach to study 12 cohorts consisting of 1,069 tumor–node–metastasis stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients from every suitable, publically available dataset.
Methods: Cohorts were obtained through a systematic search of public gene expression datasets. These data were used to calculate the risk score using the previously published 4-gene risk model. A fixed effect meta-analysis model was used to generate a pooled estimate for all cohorts.
Results: The classifier was associated with prognosis in 10 of the 12 cohorts (P &lt; 0.05). This association was highly consistent regardless of the ethnic diversity or microarray platform. The pooled estimate demonstrated that patients classified as high risk had worse overall survival for all stage I [HR, 2.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.93–3.67; P &lt; 0.0001] patients and in stratified analyses of stage IA (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.66–4.35; P &lt; 0.0001) and stage IB (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.74–4.16; P &lt; 0.0001) patients.
Conclusions: The 4-gene classifier provides independent prognostic stratification of stage IA and stage IB patients beyond conventional clinical factors.
Impact: Our results suggest that the 4-gene classifier may assist clinicians in decisions about the postoperative management of early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2884–94. ©2014 AACR.
Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated With Inflammation and Vasa Vasorum Proliferation in Patients With Early Atherosclerosis
Authors: Choi Byoung-Joo , Matsuo Yoshiki , Aoki Tatsuo , Kwon Taek-Geun , Prasad Abhiram , Gulati Rajiv , Lennon Ryan J. , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir 
Published: September 2014

Objective—
Endothelial dysfunction is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis. Inflammation and vasa vasorum play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of plaque initiation, development, and complications. Optical coherence tomography allows high-resolution imaging of tissue microstructure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that segments with endothelial dysfunction show macrophages and vasa vasorum in patients with early coronary artery disease.

Approach and Results—

Optical coherence tomography images were obtained from 40 patients with mild coronary atherosclerosis who underwent coronary endothelial function assessment. Optical coherence tomography findings, including macrophages and microchannels, were evaluated in 76 coronary segments corresponding to those in endothelial response to acetylcholine. Coronary artery diameter change in response to acetylcholine was more severe in segments showing macrophages (−17.7±14.7% versus −6.3±13.9%;
P
<0.01) and microchannels (−15.9±15.9% versus −6.4±13.5%;
P
<0.01) than those without. There were increasing trends of the prevalence of macrophages and microchannels with endothelial dysfunction as stratified by quartiles of coronary artery diameter change (
P
<0.01 and
P
=0.02 for trend, respectively). In particular, segments with both macrophages and microchannels (n=12) tended to have worse endothelial function than those with macrophages alone (n=15) and microchannels alone (n=15; −22.1±14.6% versus −10.9±15.6% and −10.9±15.6%;
P
=0.07 and
P
=0.06, respectively).

Conclusions—
Epicardial endothelial dysfunction was associated with optical coherence tomography –identified macrophages and microchannels in mild coronary atherosclerosis. The current study further supports the role of inflammation and vasa vasorum proliferation in the early stage of coronary atherosclerosis.
Atrial Fibrillation Is an Independent Risk Factor for Ventricular Fibrillation
Authors: Bardai Abdennasser , Blom Marieke T. , van Hoeijen Daniel A. , van Deutekom Hanneke W.M. , Brouwer Henk J. , Tan Hanno L. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with sudden cardiac death. We aimed to study whether AF is associated with ventricular fibrillation (VF), the most common cause of sudden cardiac death and whether this association is independent of confounders, ie, concomitant disease, use of antiarrhythmic or QT-prolonging drugs, and acute myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—
We performed a community-based case-control study. Cases were patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest because of ECG-documented VF. Controls were age-/sex-matched non-VF subjects from the community. VF risk in AF patients was studied by means of (conditional) logistic regression, adjusting for all available confounders. We studied 1397 VF cases and 3474 controls. AF occurred in 215 cases (15.4%) and 90 controls (2.6%). AF was associated with a 3-fold increased risk of VF (adjusted odds ratio, 3.1 [2.1–4.5]). VF risk in AF cases was increased to the same extent across all age/sex groups and in AF cases who had no comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio 3.0 [1.6–5.5]) or used no confounding drugs (antiarrhythmics, 2.4 [1.4–4.3]; QT-prolonging drugs, 3.1 [1.8–5.4]). VF risk was similarly increased in AF cases with acute myocardial infarction–related VF (adjusted odds ratio 2.6 [1.4–4.8]), and those with non-acute myocardial infarction–related VF (adjusted odds ratio 4.3 [1.9–10.1]).

Conclusions—
AF is independently associated with a 3-fold increased risk of VF. Comorbidity, use of antiarrhythmic or QT-prolonging drugs, or acute myocardial infarction does not fully account for this increased risk.
Understanding ENSO Diversity
Authors: Capotondi Antonietta , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Newman Matthew , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Yu Jin-Yi , Braconnot Pascale , Cole Julia , Dewitte Boris , Giese Benjamin , Guilyardi Eric , Jin Fei-Fei , Karnauskas Kristopher , Kirtman Benjamin , Lee Tong , Schneider Niklas , Xue Yan , Yeh Sang-Wook 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long been known that El Niño events display a diverse range of amplitudes, triggers, spatial patterns, and life cycles, the realization that ENSO’s impacts can be highly sensitive to this event-to-event diversity is driving a renewed interest in the subject. This paper surveys our current state of knowledge of ENSO diversity, identifies key gaps in understanding, and outlines some promising future research directions.
Water Vapor Transport and Moisture Budget over Eastern China: Remote Forcing from the Two Types of El Niño
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Zhou Wen , Chen Deliang , Li Chongyin , Song Jie 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The water vapor transport and moisture budget over eastern China remotely forced by the cold-tongue (CT) and warm-pool (WP) El Niño show striking differences throughout their lifetime. The water vapor transport response is weak in the developing summer but strong in the remaining phases of CT El Niño, whereas the opposite occurs during WP El Niño. WP El Niño causes a moisture deficit over the Yangtze River valley (YZ) in the developing summer and over southeastern China (SE) in the developing fall, whereas CT El Niño induces a moisture surplus first over SE during the developing fall with the influential area expanding in the decaying spring and shifting northward in the decaying summer. It is the divergence of meridional water vapor transport that dominates the total water vapor divergence anomaly, with the divergence of zonal transport showing an opposite pattern with smaller magnitude.
Investigation of the vertical profile of moisture budget shows a great baroclinicity, with the strongest abnormal moisture budget occurring in different levels. The moisture transport via the southern boundary plays a crucial role in the regional moisture budget anomalies and is located near the surface over SE, in the lower troposphere over the YZ, and at the lower-middle troposphere over the eastern part of northern China. The enhanced moisture surplus near the surface forced by WP El Niño over SE in the mature winter and decaying spring is offset by a moisture deficit within the lower-middle troposphere due to a diverse response circulation at different vertical levels.
Epidemiology and Imaging Appearance of the Normal Bi-/multipartite Hallux Sesamoid Bone
Authors: Favinger Jennifer L. , Porrino Jack Anthony , Richardson Michael L. , Mulcahy Hyojeong , Chew Felix S. , Brage Michael E. 
Published: September 2014

Background: Turf toe is a hyperextension injury of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint that can be difficult to diagnose on physical examination and imaging. Diastasis of the bi- or multipartite sesamoid of the hallux has been implicated as 1 potential radiographic finding of turf toe injury, and when present may require operative management. However, the normal interval for the bi-/multipartite sesamoid has not yet been established. Methods: A total of 671 foot radiograph series were reviewed in effort to quantify the dominant interval of the bi-/multipartite sesamoid bone with respect to potential influencing factors including right versus left foot, medial and/or lateral sesamoid involvement, patient age and gender, and weight versus non-weight-bearing radiograph technique. Results: The prevalence of a bi-/multipartite hallux sesamoid was 14.3% in our population. The dominant sesamoid interval ranged from 0-2 mm, with an average of 0.79 mm. Conclusion: We conclude that sesamoid diastasis should be considered, in the appropriate clinical setting, when the sesamoid interval is greater than 2 mm on a routine AP radiograph of the foot. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.