bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge translation in biostatistics: a survey of current practices, preferences, and barriers to the dissemination and uptake of new statistical methods
Authors: Pullenayegum Eleanor M. , Platt Robert W. , Barwick Melanie , Feldman Brian M. , Offringa Martin , Thabane Lehana 
Published: August 2015

Background:The use of standard statistical methods in the medical literature has been studied extensively; however, the adoption of new methods has received less attention. We sought to understand (i) whether there is a perception that new methods are underused, (ii) what the barriers to use of new methods are, (iii) what dissemination activities are used, and (iv) user preferences for learning about new methods.Methods:We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of members of the Statistical Society of Canada (SSC) and of principal investigators (knowledge‐users) funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).Results: There were 157 CIHR respondents (14% response rate), and 39 respondents were statisticians from the Statistical Society of Canada. Seventy percent of CIHR respondents and 82% of statisticians felt that new developments were under‐used. Barriers to use of new methods included lack of access to the necessary expertise (selected by over 90% of respondents), lack of suitable software (selected by 81% of statisticians), and lack of time to implement new methods (selected by 78% of statisticians). Greater access to statistical colleagues with an interest in collaboration and availability of software to implement new methods were the top‐rated preferences among knowledge‐users.Conclusions: There was a clear perception among all respondents that new statistical methods are underused. Encouraging statistical methodologists to develop a knowledge translation plan for improved dissemination and uptake, placing greater value on the role of the statistical collaborator in research, and providing software alongside new methods may improve the use of newly developed statistical methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design resistance of end plate splices with hollow sections
Authors: Steige Yvonne , Weynand Klaus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a design approach for calculating rectangular hollow section (RHS) splices (bolted end plate connections) under tension forces or bending moments in accordance with EN 1993‐1‐8. Based on models available in the literature, a Eurocode‐conform model is presented using the component method. The original model, based on experimental and numerical investigations, uses a three‐dimensional yield line method to predict the tension resistance of bolted splices with hollow sections considering the joint as a whole. The adapted model is fully compatible with EN 1993‐1‐8. Moreover, the original model has been extended to predict also the design moment resistance of such RHS splices.
Bearing capacity of cold‐formed unlipped channels with restrained flanges under EOF and IOF load cases
Authors: Janarthanan Balasubramaniam , Mahendran Mahen , Gunalan Shanmuganathan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBearing failure is a form of localized failure that occurs when thin‐walled cold‐formed steel sections are subjected to concentrated loads or support reactions. To determine the bearing capacity of cold‐formed channel sections, a unified design equation with different bearing coefficients is given in the current North American specification AISI S100 and the Australian/New Zealand standard AS/NZS 4600. However, coefficients are not available for unlipped channel sections that are normally fastened to supports through their flanges. Eurocode 3 Part 1.3 includes bearing capacity equations for different load cases, but does not distinguish between fastened and unfastened support conditions. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to determine the bearing capacities of these sections as used in floor systems. Twenty‐eight web bearing tests on unlipped channel sections with restrained flanges were conducted under End One Flange (EOF) and Interior One Flange (IOF) load cases. Using the results from this study, a new equation was proposed within the AISI S100 and AS/NZS 4600 guidelines to determine the bearing capacities of cold‐formed unlipped channels with flanges fastened to supports. A new design rule was also proposed based on the direct strength method.
Local buckling behaviour of welded box sections made of high‐strength steel
Authors: Schillo Nicole , Feldmann Markus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne aim within the RFCS‐funded RUOSTE research project was to study the effects of high‐strength steel properties on local buckling. The respective parameters were investigated on 34 stub column specimens. The specimens were made of S500MC, S700MC and S960MC, with a non‐dimensional local slenderness varying between 0.64 and 1.55. Extensive imperfection measurements were undertaken and analysed. The specimens were then used in stub column tests to investigate the local buckling behaviour. The results were first compared with the resistance curve of the current Eurocode (EC), which was shown to be rather optimistic, especially towards the slender end of the range. Secondly, the results were compared with the general method, which uses an equivalent imperfection approach.
Systems analysis of host–parasite interactions
Authors: Swann Justine , Jamshidi Neema , Lewis Nathan E. , Winzeler Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2015

Parasitic diseases caused by protozoan pathogens lead to hundreds of thousands of deaths per year in addition to substantial suffering and socioeconomic decline for millions of people worldwide. The lack of effective vaccines coupled with the widespread emergence of drug‐resistant parasites necessitates that the research community take an active role in understanding host–parasite infection biology in order to develop improved therapeutics. Recent advances in next‐generation sequencing and the rapid development of publicly accessible genomic databases for many human pathogens have facilitated the application of systems biology to the study of host–parasite interactions. Over the past decade, these technologies have led to the discovery of many important biological processes governing parasitic disease. The integration and interpretation of high‐throughput ‐omic data will undoubtedly generate extraordinary insight into host–parasite interaction networks essential to navigate the intricacies of these complex systems. As systems analysis continues to build the foundation for our understanding of host–parasite biology, this will provide the framework necessary to drive drug discovery research forward and accelerate the development of new antiparasitic therapies. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:381–400. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1311This article is categorized under:

Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease
Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organismal Models
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
A Series of Dinuclear Complexes with a Flexible Naphthalene‐Spacer and MOM‐Cleavage by Pre‐coordinated Lewis Acids
Authors: Jany Thomas , Horstmann née Gruschka Claudia , Bögge Hartmut , Stammler Anja , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, spectroscopic, electrochemical, magnetic, and structural characterization of the dinuclear series of complexes [(MOM2tomMe){MIICl2}2] (MII = ZnII, CuII, NiII, CoII, FeII) and, for comparison, the structure of the complex [(MOM2tom){ZnIICl2}2] are presented. The metal ions are five‐coordinate in N3Cl2 environments. The coordination polyhedra are evaluated in the solid‐state by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography and in solution by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy for the CuII and FeII complexes. All complexes exhibit a ligand‐centered irreversible oxidation in the range 1.17–1.40 V vs. Fc+/Fc, whereas the complexes with FeII, CoII, and NiII exhibit additional reversible metal‐centered oxidations of 0.09, 0.70, and 0.87 V vs. Fc+/Fc, respectively. The coordination of the chloride ligands saturates the Lewis‐acidity of the metal ions so that the MOM groups are not cleaved. Bands at 1161 and 1020 cm–1 in the FT‐IR spectra are a signature for the presence of the MOM groups. Reaction with copper(II) acetate at room temperature results in the complex [(MOM2tomMe){CuII(OAc)2}2] while the reaction at 50 °C for several hours resulted in the simultaneous MOM cleavage and complexation and thus isolation of [(tomMe){Cu(OAc)}2]. This successful synthetic route will be applied to establish a series of [(tomMe){M(OAc)}2] with different metal ions in order to compare their DNA binding ability and cytotoxicity to cancer cells to that of the copper(II) complex.
Genetic Knowledge Among Participants in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative
Authors: Schmidlen Tara J. , Scheinfeldt Laura , Zhaoyang Ruixue , Kasper Rachel , Sweet Kevin , Gordon Erynn S. , Keller Margaret , Stack Cathy , Gharani Neda , Daly Mary B. , Jarvis Joseph , Christman Michael F. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenetic literacy is essential for the effective integration of genomic information into healthcare; yet few recent studies have been conducted to assess the current state of this knowledge base. Participants in the Coriell Personalized Medicine Collaborative (CPMC), a prospective study assessing the impact of personalized genetic risk reports for complex diseases and drug response on behavior and health outcomes, completed genetic knowledge questionnaires and other surveys through an online portal. To assess the association between genetic knowledge and genetic education background, multivariate linear regression was performed. 4 062 participants completed a genetic knowledge and genetic education background questionnaire. Most were older (mean age: 50), Caucasian (90 %), female (59 %), highly educated (69 % bachelor's or higher), with annual household income over $100 000 (49 %). Mean percent correct was 76 %. Controlling for demographics revealed that health care providers, participants previously exposed to genetics, and participants with ‘better than most’ self‐rated knowledge were significantly more likely to have a higher knowledge score (p < 0.001). Overall, genetic knowledge was high with previous genetic education experience predictive of higher genetic knowledge score. Education is likely to improve genetic literacy, an important component to expanded use of genomics in personalized medicine.
Direct detection and measurement of wall shear stress using a filamentous bio-nanoparticle
Authors: Lobo Daniela P. , Wemyss Alan M. , Smith David J. , Straube Anne , Betteridge Kai B. , Salmon Andrew H. J. , Foster Rebecca R. , Elhegni Hesham E. , Satchell Simon C. , Little Haydn A. , Pacheco-Gómez Raúl , Simmons Mark J. , Hicks Matthew R. , Bates David O. , Rodger Alison , Dafforn Timothy R. , Arkill Kenton P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The wall shear stress (WSS) that a moving fluid exerts on a surface affects many processes including those relating to vascular function. WSS plays an important role in normal physiology (e.g. angiogenesis) and affects the microvasculature’s primary function of molecular transport. Points of fluctuating WSS show abnormalities in a number of diseases; however, there is no established technique for measuring WSS directly in physiological systems. All current methods rely on estimates obtained from measured velocity gradients in bulk flow data. In this work, we report a nanosensor that can directly measure WSS in microfluidic chambers with sub-micron spatial resolution by using a specific type of virus, the bacteriophage M13, which has been fluorescently labeled and anchored to a surface. It is demonstrated that the nanosensor can be calibrated and adapted for biological tissue, revealing WSS in micro-domains of cells that cannot be calculated accurately from bulk flow measurements. This method lends itself to a platform applicable to many applications in biology and microfluidics.
What do Danish children eat, and does the diet meet the recommendations? Baseline data from the OPUS School Meal Study
Authors: Andersen Rikke , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Christensen Tue , Andersen Elisabeth W. , Ege Majken , Thorsen Anne V. , Knudsen Vibeke K. , Damsgaard Camilla T. , Sørensen Louise B. , Petersen Rikke A. , Michaelsen Kim F. , Tetens Inge 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA child's diet is an important determinant for later health, growth and development. In Denmark, most children in primary school bring their own packed lunch from home and attend an after-school care institution. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the food, energy and nutrient intake of Danish school children in relation to dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations, and to assess the food intake during and outside school hours. In total, 834 children from nine public schools located in the eastern part of Denmark were included in this cross-sectional study and 798 children (95·7 %) completed the dietary assessment sufficiently (August–November 2011). The whole diet was recorded during seven consecutive days using the Web-based Dietary Assessment Software for Children (WebDASC). Compared with the food-based dietary guidelines and nutrient recommendations, 85 % of the children consumed excess amounts of red meat, 89 % consumed too much saturated fat, and 56 % consumed too much added sugar. Additionally 35 or 91 % of the children (depending on age group) consumed insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables, 85 % consumed insufficient amounts of fish, 86 % consumed insufficient amounts of dietary fibre, 60 or 84 % had an insufficient Fe intake (depending on age group), and 96 % had an insufficient vitamin D intake. The study also showed that there is a higher intake of fruits and bread during school hours than outside school hours; this is not the case with, for example, fish and vegetables, and future studies should investigate strategies to increase fish and vegetable intake during school hours.
A super-cusp divertor configuration for tokamaks
Authors: Ryutov D. D. 
Published: August 2015

This study demonstrates a remarkable flexibility of advanced divertor configurations created with the remote poloidal field coils. The emphasis here is on the configurations with three poloidal field nulls in the divertor area. We are seeking the structures where all three nulls lie on the same separatrix, thereby creating two zones of a very strong flux expansion, as envisaged in the concept of Takase’s cusp divertor. It turns out that the set of remote coils can indeed produce a cusp divertor, with additional advantages of: (i) a large stand-off distance between the divertor and the coils and (ii) a thorough control that these coils exert over the fine features of the configuration. In reference to these additional favourable properties acquired by the cusp divertor, the resulting configuration could be called ‘a super-cusp’. General geometrical features of the three-null configurations produced by remote coils are described. Issues on the way to practical applications include the need for a more sophisticated control system and possible constraints related to excessively high currents in the divertor coils.
THE LIMITS OF THEESTADO DOCENTE: EDUCATION AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN PERU, 1876-1940
Authors: Arroyo Abad Leticia 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe power of the elites became the dominant explanation of the extension of the franchise and expansion of the provision of public services. Peru from 1876 to 1940 presents a contrasting case. Although restricting political participation through literacy requirements, Peru saw an increase in literacy and schooling. Nevertheless, the relative power of the national and local elites articulated the national policies resulting in unequal provision of education. Constrained political access of the economic minority, the indigenous population, translated into a widening gap in terms of educational attainment.
Assessing impacts of land abandonment on Mediterranean biodiversity using indicators based on bird and butterfly monitoring data
Authors: HERRANDO SERGI , BROTONS LLUÍS , ANTON MARC , PÁRAMO FERRAN , VILLERO DANI , TITEUX NICOLAS , QUESADA JAVIER , STEFANESCU CONSTANTÍ 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYIn Europe, and particularly in the Mediterranean Basin, the abandonment of traditional land-use practices has been reported as one of the main causes of decline for open-habitat species. Data from large-scale bird and butterfly monitoring schemes in the north-east Iberian Peninsula were used to evaluate the impact that land abandonment has had on local biodiversity. Species’ habitat preferences, along a gradient from open to forest habitats, were significantly related to population trends: for both birds and butterflies, open-habitat species showed the most marked declines while forest species increased moderately. Multi-species indicators for tracking the impact of land abandonment on bird and butterfly populations were developed using habitat preference estimates and population trend indices. The patterns shown by these indicators were in line with the changes occurring in forest cover in the monitoring sites. This study reveals that multi-species indicators based on monitoring data from different taxonomic groups (here, birds and butterflies) may usefully be employed to track impacts of environmental change on biodiversity.
The last marine wilderness: spearfishing for trophy fishes in the Coral Sea
Authors: YOUNG MATTHEW A. L. , FOALE SIMON , BELLWOOD DAVID R. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYIsolation can provide marine ecosystems with a refuge from human impacts. However, information on the biodiversity, ecology and fisheries of remote regions is often sparse. The proposed Coral Sea Marine Reserve could create one of the world's largest and most remote marine parks, yet little information is available to inform discussions. Fish captures from the Coral Sea and adjacent Great Barrier Reef (GBR) were assessed from reports contained in a chronology of spearfishing publications from 1953 to 2009, and reveal for the first time the history of recreational spearfishing in the Coral Sea. Although the area is perceived as relatively untouched, the data indicate that spearfishers have frequented Coral Sea reefs for at least 43 years and reported captures have increased exponentially. Post-1993 trophy captures in the Coral Sea (mean 23 kg) were larger than the adjacent GBR (9 kg). Reef species characterize the GBR catch, while large pelagic species characterize the Coral Sea catch. Provided that functionally important fishes are not targeted, the relatively small scale of recreational spearfishing and the focus on pelagic species suggests that spearfishing currently exerts limited pressure on the ecology of Coral Sea reefs.
Gravitational-Like Lens Based on Graphene Ripple
Authors: Liu Daqing , Chen Shuyue , Ma Ning , Zhao Xiang , Xu Zhuo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe conducted a semiclassical study on carrier movement in curved graphene. A previous attempt was made to show that curved graphene is a readily available and cheap laboratory material used to study general relativity effects, especially if the electron energies satisfy
${\rm 4}\:\mu {\rm eV}\,\ll\,\left&#x007C; E \right&#x007C;\,\ll\,{\rm 3}\:{\rm eV}$
. Furthermore, a gravitational-like lens can be constructed based on a special graphene ripple; this lens has neither chromatic nor cometic aberration. One can design an ideal electron lens using a graphene ripple.
Differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and obsessive compulsive disorder in a male military veteran
Authors: Kiselica Andrew , Brown Hangartner Renee , Lewin Adam B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractResearch on the relationship between military service and eating pathology has yielded mixed findings. Among those of military backgrounds, anorexia nervosa typically presents with co-occurring disorders that complicate diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of this paper is to present a case report of a retired Navy midshipman. The patient sought treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), but his assessment revealed the primary pathology to be anorexia nervosa. This case illustrates ways in which military life may contribute to eating pathology and the complex overlap and differential diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and OCD.
JAM-A regulates cortical dynein localization through Cdc42 to control planar spindle orientation during mitosis
Authors: Tuncay Hüseyin , Brinkmann Benjamin F. , Steinbacher Tim , Schürmann Annika , Gerke Volker , Iden Sandra , Ebnet Klaus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlanar spindle orientation in polarized epithelial cells depends on the precise localization of the dynein–dynactin motor protein complex at the lateral cortex. The contribution of cell adhesion molecules to the cortical localization of the dynein–dynactin complex is poorly understood. Here we find that junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) regulates the planar orientation of the mitotic spindle during epithelial morphogenesis. During mitosis, JAM-A triggers a transient activation of Cdc42 and PI(3)K, generates a gradient of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at the cortex and regulates the formation of the cortical actin cytoskeleton. In the absence of functional JAM-A, dynactin localization at the cortex is reduced, the mitotic spindle apparatus is misaligned and epithelial morphogenesis in three-dimensional culture is compromised. Our findings indicate that a PI(3)K- and cortical F-actin-dependent pathway of planar spindle orientation operates in polarized epithelial cells to regulate epithelial morphogenesis, and we identify JAM-A as a junctional regulator of this pathway.
Combining microscopy with mesoscopy using optical and optoacoustic label-free modes
Authors: Soliman Dominik , Tserevelakis George J. , Omar Murad , Ntziachristos Vasilis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBiology requires observations at multiple geometrical scales, a feature that is not typically offered by a single imaging modality. We developed a hybrid optical system that not only provides different contrast modes but also offers imaging at different geometrical scales, achieving uniquely broad resolution and a 1000-fold volume sampling increase compared to volumes scanned by optical microscopy. The system combines optoacoustic mesoscopy, optoacoustic microscopy and two-photon microscopy, the latter integrating second and third harmonic generation modes. Label-free imaging of a mouse ear and zebrafish larva ex-vivo demonstrates the contrast and scale complementarity provided by the hybrid system. We showcase the superior anatomical orientation offered by the label-free capacity and hybrid operation, over fluorescence microscopy and the dynamic selection between field of view and resolution achieved, leading to new possibilities in biological visualization.
Inhibition of neuraminidase by Ganoderma triterpenoids and implications for neuraminidase inhibitor design
Authors: Zhu Qinchang , Bang Tran Hai , Ohnuki Koichiro , Sawai Takashi , Sawai Ken , Shimizu Kuniyoshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNeuraminidase (NA) inhibitors are the dominant antiviral drugs for treating influenza in the clinic. Increasing prevalence of drug resistance makes the discovery of new NA inhibitors a high priority. Thirty-one triterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lingzhi were analyzed in an in vitro NA inhibition assay, leading to the discovery of ganoderic acid T-Q and TR as two inhibitors of H5N1 and H1N1 NAs. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the corresponding triterpenoid structure is a potential scaffold for the design of NA inhibitors. Using these triterpenoids as probes we found, through further in silico docking and interaction analysis, that interactions with the amino-acid residues Arg292 and/or Glu119 of NA are critical for the inhibition of H5N1 and H1N1. These findings should prove valuable for the design and development of NA inhibitors.