bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The coupling between localized surface plasmons and excitons via Purcell effect
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Dongsheng , Yang Deren , Que Duanlin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The coupling between localized surface plasmons (LSPs) within silver nanostructures and excitons in a silicon-rich silicon nitride (SiN
x
) matrix has been demonstrated via the Purcell effect. A simple model is employed for the estimation of the Purcell factor as well as the average position of excitons within a luminescence matrix. The estimated average position of the excitons is located at approximately 40 nm beneath the top surface of the SiN
x
films. The approaches for further improving the optoelectrical properties of the luminescence matrix are anticipated based on the model we adopted. The optimization of the thickness of the luminescence matrix as well as the size and shape of metal nanostructures may be the alternative approaches. Besides, the application of multilayers with the luminescence matrix inserted between barrier layers (we defined it as confined structures here) may be also an available choice. Our work may provide a deep comprehension on the coupling between LSPs and excitons, which is not limited to a certain luminescence material but with unconfined structures.
Synchronization stability of delayed discrete-time complex dynamical networks with randomly changing coupling strength
Authors: Park MJ , Kwon OM , Park Ju H , Lee SM , Cha EJ 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper addresses a delay-dependent synchronization stability problem for discrete-time complex dynamical networks with interval time-varying delays and randomly changing coupling strength. The randomly changing coupling strength is considered with the concept of binomial distribution. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and utilizing reciprocally convex approach and Finsler’s lemma, the proposed synchronization stability criteria for the networks are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities which can be easily solved by various effective optimization algorithms. The networks are represented by use of the Kronecker product technique. The effectiveness of the proposed methods will be verified via numerical examples.
Digital video stabilizer by adaptive fuzzy filtering
Authors: Tanakian Mohammad J , Rezaei Mehdi , Mohanna Farahnaz 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Digital video stabilization (DVS) allows acquiring video sequences without disturbing jerkiness, removing unwanted camera movements. A good DVS should remove the unwanted camera movements while maintains the intentional camera movements. In this article, we propose a novel DVS algorithm that compensates the camera jitters applying an adaptive fuzzy filter on the global motion of video frames. The adaptive fuzzy filter is a simple infinite impulse response filter which is tuned by a fuzzy system adaptively to the camera motion characteristics. The fuzzy system is also tuned during operation according to the amount of camera jitters. The fuzzy system uses two inputs which are quantitative representations of the unwanted and the intentional camera movements. The global motion of video frames is estimated based on the block motion vectors which resulted by video encoder during motion estimation operation. Experimental results indicate a good performance for the proposed algorithm.
Protocol: Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methodology to investigate histone modifications in two model diatom species
Authors: Lin Xin , Tirichine Leïla , Bowler Chris 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In this report we describe a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocol for two fully sequenced model diatom species Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira pseudonana. This protocol allows the extraction of satisfactory amounts of chromatin and gives reproducible results. We coupled the ChIP assay with real time quantitative PCR. Our results reveal that the two major histone marks H3K4me2 and H3K9me2 exist in P. tricornutum and T. pseudonana. As in other eukaryotes, H3K4me2 marks active genes whereas H3K9me2 marks transcriptionally inactive transposable elements. Unexpectedly however, T. pseudonana housekeeping genes also show a relative enrichment of H3K9me2. We also discuss optimization of the procedure, including growth conditions, cross linking and sonication. Validation of the protocol provides a set of genes and transposable elements that can be used as controls for studies using ChIP in each diatom species. This protocol can be easily adapted to other diatoms and eukaryotic phytoplankton species for genetic and biochemical studies.
Early presentation of gait impairment in Wolfram Syndrome
Authors: Pickett Kristen A , Duncan Ryan P , Hoekel James , Marshall Bess , Hershey Tamara , Earhart Gammon M ,   And the Washington University Wolfram Study Group
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Classically characterized by early onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and neurological abnormalities, Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is also associated with atypical brainstem and cerebellar findings in the first decade of life. As such, we hypothesized that gait differences between individuals with WFS and typically developing (TD) individuals may be detectable across the course of the disease.

Methods
Gait was assessed for 13 individuals with WFS (min 6.4 yrs, max 25.8 yrs) and 29 age-matched, typically developing individuals (min 5.6 yrs, max 28.5 yrs) using a GAITRite ® walkway system. Velocity, cadence, step length, base of support and double support time were compared between groups.

Results
Across all tasks, individuals with WFS walked slower (p = 0.03), took shorter (p ≤ 0.001) and wider (p ≤ 0.001) steps and spent a greater proportion of the gait cycle in double support (p = 0.03) compared to TD individuals. Cadence did not differ between groups (p = 0.62). Across all tasks, age was significantly correlated with cadence and double support time in the TD group but only double support time was correlated with age in the WFS group and only during preferred pace forward (rs= 0.564, p = 0.045) and dual task forward walking (rs= 0.720, p = 0.006) tasks. Individuals with WFS also had a greater number of missteps during tandem walking (p ≤ 0.001). Within the WFS group, spatiotemporal measures of gait did not correlate with measures of visual acuity. Balance measures negatively correlated with normalized gait velocity during fast forward walking (rs = −0.59, p = 0.03) and percent of gait cycle in double support during backward walking (rs = −0.64, p = 0.03).

Conclusions
Quantifiable gait impairments can be detected in individuals with WFS earlier than previous clinical observations suggested. These impairments are not fully accounted for by the visual or balance deficits associated with WFS, and may be a reflection of early cerebellar and/or brainstem abnormalities. Effective patient-centered treatment paradigms could benefit from a more complete understanding of the progression of motor and other neurological symptom presentation in individuals with WFS.
Similar temperature dependencies of glycolytic enzymes: an evolutionary adaptation to temperature dynamics?
Authors: Cruz AnaLuisa B , Hebly Marit , Duong Giang-Huong , Wahl Sebastian A , Pronk Jack T , Heijnen Joseph J , Daran-Lapujade Pascale , van Gulik Walter M 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Temperature strongly affects microbial growth, and many microorganisms have to deal with temperature fluctuations in their natural environment. To understand regulation strategies that underlie microbial temperature responses and adaptation, we studied glycolytic pathway kinetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during temperature changes.

Results

Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown under different temperature regimes and glucose availability conditions. These included glucose-excess batch cultures at different temperatures and glucose-limited chemostat cultures, subjected to fast linear temperature shifts and circadian sinoidal temperature cycles. An observed temperature-independent relation between intracellular levels of glycolytic metabolites and residual glucose concentration for all experimental conditions revealed that it is the substrate availability rather than temperature that determines intracellular metabolite profiles. This observation corresponded with predictions generated in silico with a kinetic model of yeast glycolysis, when the catalytic capacities of all glycolytic enzymes were set to share the same normalized temperature dependency.

Conclusions
From an evolutionary perspective, such similar temperature dependencies allow cells to adapt more rapidly to temperature changes, because they result in minimal perturbations of intracellular metabolite levels, thus circumventing the need for extensive modification of enzyme levels.
Algal biomass accrual in relation to nutrient availability and limitation along a longitudinal gradient of a karst riverine system
Authors: Penick Mary D , Grubbs Scott A , Meier Albert J 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Nutrient availability influences growth, productivity, and community structure of primary producers. Nutrient limitation, however, results from a deficiency mainly in nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) levels relative to cellular growth needs. Limitation is a function of biotic and abiotic factors, the latter including land-use activities (e.g., agriculture, septic systems) and underlying bedrock features. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to assess the relationship between algal biomass and ambient nutrient levels along the longitudinal course of a river through a transition from weak to well-developed underlying karst bedrock and (2) experimentally assess if periphyton was N- or P-limited between weak and well-developed karst reaches. Sestonic and Cladophora biomass (=chlorophyll-a) levels increased sharply along the longitudinal gradient. Cladophora biomass, in particular, was strongly correlated with nitrate levels. In contrast, periphyton biomass (=chlorophyll-a) levels were sporadic and did not display a longitudinal pattern. With the exception of ammonia, individual nutrient levels generally increased longitudinally and were higher in the downstream karst reaches. Total N/total P ratios also increased longitudinally and were >25 throughout the study region, suggesting P limitation. The results of the nutrient limitation studies, however, coupled with high concentrations of both N and P throughout the study reach in excess of eutrophication thresholds, suggest that total nutrients are not limiting within the study region. Overall, Kentucky's upper Green River appears to be a nutrient-enriched, eutrophic system and particularly in the downstream, well-developed karst reaches.
Cell-extrinsic consequences of epithelial stress: activation of protumorigenic tissue phenotypes
Authors: Fordyce Colleen A , Patten Kelley T , Fessenden Tim B , DeFilippis RosaAnna , Hwang E Shelley , Zhao Jianxin , Tlsty Thea D 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Tumors are characterized by alterations in the epithelial and stromal compartments, which both contribute to tumor promotion. However, where, when, and how the tumor stroma develops is still poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that DNA damage or telomere malfunction induces an activin A-dependent epithelial stress response that activates cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic consequences in mortal, nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs and vHMECs). Here we show that this epithelial stress response also induces protumorigenic phenotypes in neighboring primary fibroblasts, recapitulating many of the characteristics associated with formation of the tumor stroma (for example, desmoplasia).

Methods
The contribution of extrinsic and intrinsic DNA damage to acquisition of desmoplastic phenotypes was investigated in primary human mammary fibroblasts (HMFs) co-cultured with vHMECs with telomere malfunction (TRF2-vHMEC) or in HMFs directly treated with DNA-damaging agents, respectively. Fibroblast reprogramming was assessed by monitoring increases in levels of selected protumorigenic molecules with quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunocytochemistry. Dependence of the induced phenotypes on activin A was evaluated by addition of exogenous activin A or activin A silencing. In vitro findings were validated in vivo, in preinvasive ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions by using immunohistochemistry and telomere-specific fluorescent in situ hybridization.

Results
HMFs either cocultured with TRF2-vHMEC or directly exposed to exogenous activin A or PGE2 show increased expression of cytokines and growth factors, deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and a shift toward aerobic glycolysis. In turn, these "activated" fibroblasts secrete factors that promote epithelial cell motility. Interestingly, cell-intrinsic DNA damage in HMFs induces some, but not all, of the molecules induced as a consequence of cell-extrinsic DNA damage. The response to cell-extrinsic DNA damage characterized in vitro is recapitulated in vivo in DCIS lesions, which exhibit telomere loss, heightened DNA damage response, and increased activin A and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. These lesions are surrounded by a stroma characterized by increased expression of α smooth muscle actin and endothelial and immune cell infiltration.

Conclusions
Thus, synergy between stromal and epithelial interactions, even at the initiating stages of carcinogenesis, appears necessary for the acquisition of malignancy and provides novel insights into where, when, and how the tumor stroma develops, allowing new therapeutic strategies.
The risk of contralateral breast cancer in patients from BRCA1/2 negative high risk families as compared to patients from BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive families: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rhiem Kerstin , Engel Christoph , Graeser Monika , Zachariae Silke , Kast Karin , Kiechle Marion , Ditsch Nina , Janni Wolfgang , Mundhenke Christoph , Golatta Michael , Varga Dominic , Preisler-Adams Sabine , Heinrich Tilman , Bick Ulrich , Gadzicki Dorothea , Briest Susanne , Meindl Alfons , Schmutzler Rita K 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Introduction
While it has been reported that the risk of contralateral breast cancer in patients from BRCA1 or BRCA2 positive families is elevated, little is known about contralateral breast cancer risk in patients from high risk families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations.

Methods
A retrospective, multicenter cohort study was performed from 1996 to 2011 and comprised 6,235 women with unilateral breast cancer from 6,230 high risk families that had tested positive for BRCA1 (n = 1,154) or BRCA2 (n = 575) mutations or tested negative (n = 4,501). Cumulative contralateral breast cancer risks were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and were compared between groups using the log-rank test. Cox regression analysis was applied to assess the impact of the age at first breast cancer and the familial history stratified by mutation status.

Results
The cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer 25 years after first breast cancer was 44.1% (95%CI, 37.6% to 50.6%) for patients from BRCA1 positive families, 33.5% (95%CI, 22.4% to 44.7%) for patients from BRCA2 positive families and 17.2% (95%CI, 14.5% to 19.9%) for patients from families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations. Younger age at first breast cancer was associated with a higher risk of contralateral breast cancer. For women who had their first breast cancer before the age of 40 years, the cumulative risk of contralateral breast cancer after 25 years was 55.1% for BRCA1, 38.4% for BRCA2, and 28.4% for patients from BRCA1/2 negative families. If the first breast cancer was diagnosed at the age of 50 or later, 25-year cumulative risks were 21.6% for BRCA1, 15.5% for BRCA2, and 12.9% for BRCA1/2 negative families.

Conclusions
Contralateral breast cancer risk in patients from high risk families that tested negative for BRCA1/2 mutations is similar to the risk in patients with sporadic breast cancer. Thus, the mutation status should guide decision making for contralateral mastectomy.
Functional modeling in zebrafish demonstrates that the atrial-fibrillation-associated geneGREM2regulates cardiac laterality, cardiomyocyte differentiation and atrial rhythm
Authors: Müller Iris I. , Melville David B. , Tanwar Vineeta , Rybski Witold M. , Mukherjee Amrita , Shoemaker Benjamin M. , Wang Wan-Der , Schoenhard John A. , Roden Dan M. , Darbar Dawood , Knapik Ela W. , Hatzopoulos Antonis K. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and carries a significant risk of stroke and heart failure. The molecular etiologies of AF are poorly understood, leaving patients with limited therapeutic options. AF has been recognized as an inherited disease in almost 30% of patient cases. However, few genetic loci have been identified and the mechanisms linking genetic variants to AF susceptibility remain unclear. By sequencing 193 probands with lone AF, we identified a Q76E variant within the coding sequence of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist gremlin-2 (GREM2) that increases its inhibitory activity. Functional modeling in zebrafish revealed that, through regulation of BMP signaling, GREM2 is required for cardiac laterality and atrial differentiation during embryonic development. GREM2 overactivity results in slower cardiac contraction rates in zebrafish, and induction of previously identified AF candidate genes encoding connexin-40, sarcolipin and atrial natriuretic peptide in differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells. By live heart imaging in zebrafish overexpressing wild-type or variant GREM2, we found abnormal contraction velocity specifically in atrial cardiomyocytes. These results implicate, for the first time, regulators of BMP signaling in human AF, providing mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and identifying potential new therapeutic targets.
Pore-size Tuning of Highly Selective Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Silica Membranes by Solid-phase Post-treatment at Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Jinhui , Gong Genghao , Kanezashi Masakoto , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Ito Kenji , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Highly selective organic–inorganic hybrid membranes were prepared at low temperature (less than 100 °C) from 1,2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) with HCl-assisted solid-phase post-treatment, which increased pervaporation dehydration selectivity dramatically from 4 to 2900.
Structural Insights for Design of Inhibitors against RISC Function
Authors: Yamayoshi Asako , Yamada Yukiko , Kobori Akio , Murakami Akira 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
For functional inhibition of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), we examined inhibitors called “twist-silencing oligonucleotides (TSO)” containing a linker moiety at the center position of oligonucleotides targeting guide strands in RISC. We found that TSO enhanced the inhibitory effects against RISC function. The concept described in this study may be promising and applicable to regulate small RNA functions.
Desorption of Cs+ Ions Intercalated in Vermiculite Clay through Cation Exchange with Mg2+ Ions
Authors: Morimoto Kazuya , Kogure Toshihiro , Tamura Kenji , Tomofuji Saki , Yamagishi Akihiko , Sato Hisako 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Cesium ions (Cs+) strongly adsorbed in vermiculite clay (Verm) were efficiently desorbed by reacting with magnesium ions (Mg2+). 70–90% removal of adsorbed Cs+ ions was achieved when Verm loaded with 0.1–100 µmol g−1 Cs+ (corresponding to 0.016–16% of the saturation amount) was mixed with 3.0 mol L−1 aqueous Mg(NO3)2. X-ray analyses and powder X-ray diffraction measurements on solid samples confirmed that ion exchange occurred between Cs+ ions in the interlayer space and Mg2+ ions.
Allegorie und Figuration. Figuraler Realismus bei Heinrich Seuse und Erich Auerbach
Authors: Largier Niklaus 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In this essay I discuss the ways in which a Christian spiritual tradition negotiates the challenges of negative theology and the impossibility to access divine truth through the use of images and allegories. This use of images, however, remains paradoxical since it negates the representational character of the – seemingly highly mimetic and concrete – images in order to produce a specific presence of the divine word below the horizon of meaning and semantics. “Figural realism” refers to this practice of figuration, as it can be found, among others, in the writings of Henry Suso.
sîner frâge maht and the Question in the Quest. Verfügbarkeit of the Grail in Wolfram’s Parzival?
Authors: Greenfield John 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The basic premise of this article is the hypothesis that questions in Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival are used as a narrative strategy. They produce an area of tension which is dominated by the possibility – and at the same time the impossibility – of having something at one’s disposal. This area of tension not only involves aspects of the content, but also problems of perception and knowledge, as well as structural aspects of narrative technique. In Parzival questions are connected to exploring the environment, with a wish to know, but also a wish to control; however, at the same time they set limits to these endeavours.
Können wir über unser Sprechen verfügen?
Authors: Gebauer Gunter 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Through recourse to Wittgenstein’s concept of language games, the Unverfügbarkeit which determines the relationship of the self to language is outlined; simultaneously, however, the possibility of our disposal of language in language use is gauged. Thus, this article is directed against those positions which deny this possibility. While the ability to dispose of language is in itself not transparent, that which is unverfügbar in our own language is not fully unknown: on the contrary, it shows itself as a game in its manifold usages.
Willkürliche Rechtssprechung. Ovids verhüllte Augustuskritik in der Tieropfer-Passage der Fasti (1, 349–456)
Authors: Pieper Christoph 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The passage in Ovid’s Fasti that deals with animal sacrifice implicitly criticizes the legal system of the late Augustan period. In particular, it is the increasing arbitrariness of the emperor’s judgments that is addressed in a metaphorical way. In order to make explicit the hidden criticism, this article first compares the passage to the parallel section in the 15th book of the Metamorphoses, then reads it within the context of the first book of the Fasti and finally places it in the context of Ovid’s exile poetry. It emerges that the gods’ behaving more and more unjustly can be connected to the emperor himself, whereas the slaughtered birds recall the implicit author of the Fasti, who in his exile poetry constantly presents himself as the miserable victim of an unjust relegation to the Black Sea.