bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ work readiness and its influencing factors before participating in a nurse residency program: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Liping , Lin Qin , Xu Ye , Wu Liping 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundStudies have shown that work readiness is closely related to nurses’ role adaptation, career development, and patient safety. However, we know little about the nursing students’ work readiness and its influencing factors before participating in a nurse residency program, and whether factors have changed from before.Aim(1) To investigate the work readiness of nursing students ready to engage in a nurse residency program; (2) to identify the factors affecting the nursing students’ work readiness and the associations between emotional intelligence and work readiness; and (3) to discuss the changes of factors affecting nursing students’ work readiness.DesignAn online, multicenter cross-sectional study.Methods878 nursing students from eight tertiary hospitals in Chongqing, China were recruited. The online investigation used the General Information Questionnaire, the Nursing Students’ Work Readiness Scale, and the Emotional Intelligence scale. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23.0.Results768 valid questionnaires were included in this study. The nurses obtained a work readiness score of 277.08 ± 44.39 and an emotional intelligence score of 89.57 ± 13.89. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors affected work readiness: age, sex, family support for becoming a nurse, voluntary choice of nursing major, previous experience as a student cadre, scholarship recipient status, willingness to engage in nursing work during the COVID-19 pandemic and confidence in clinical nursing practice. Frequent incidents of violence, poor salary for nurses for the nurse residency program, and low social acceptance were the top three reasons for decreased confidence in clinical nursing among nursing students. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis indicated that age, voluntary choice of nursing major, student leadership experience, confidence in clinical nursing work, self-emotion, and emotional application significantly influenced nurses’ work readiness.ConclusionClinical instructors and administrators should dynamically assess nurses’ work readiness, prioritize individuals aged ≤23, who have chosen the nursing profession involuntarily, lack prior experience as student cadres, and exhibit low confidence in clinical nursing work. This focus will enhance their emotional self-management skills and ability to apply emotions effectively, improving their work readiness and training efficacy.
Effects of acupuncture and nicotine patch on smoking: a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Dai Runjing , Ren Dong , Li Binning , Zhang Yanfeng , Ma Xiaojing , Zhang Xiangrong , Zhang Hailiang , Zhang Lina , Zeng Chenchen , Jiang Xiaomei , Bao Shisan , Fan Jingchun 
Published: July 2024

AimsTo evaluate the effects of acupuncture and/or nicotine patches on smoking cessation.MethodsEighty-eight participants were randomly allocated into four groups: acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (ACNP), acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (ACSNP), sham acupuncture combined with nicotine patch (SACNP), and sham acupuncture combined with sham nicotine patch (SACSNP). The primary outcome was self-reported smoking abstinence verified with expiratory Carbon Monoxide (CO) after 8 weeks of treatment. The modified Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score, Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Scale (MNWS), and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urge (QSU-Brief) score were used as secondary indicators. SPSS 26.0 and Prism 9 software were used for statistical analyses.ResultsSeventy-eight participants completed the study. There were no significant differences in patient characteristics at baseline across the four groups. At the end of treatment, there was a statistically significant difference (χ2 = 8.492, p = 0.037) in abstaining rates among the four groups. However, there were no significant differences in the reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked daily (p = 0.111), expiratory CO (p = 0.071), FTND score (p = 0.313), and MNWS score (p = 0.088) among the four groups. There was a statistically significant difference in QUS-Brief score changes among the four groups (p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant interaction between acupuncture and nicotine patch.ConclusionAcupuncture combined with nicotine replacement patch therapy was more effective for smoking cessation than acupuncture alone or nicotine replacement patch alone. No adverse reactions were found in the acupuncture treatment process.Clinical trial registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=61969, identifier ChiCTR2100042912.
Genomic profiling of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates in Kuwait hospitals
Authors: Boswihi Samar S. , Alfouzan Wadha A. , Udo Edet E. 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that causes mild to invasive infections in hospitals and the community. Although methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates continue to cause different infections, there is no data on the genetic backgrounds of the MSSA colonizing or causing infections in Kuwait hospitals. This study aimed to investigate MSSA isolated from patients admitted to Kuwait hospitals for antibiotic resistance and genetic backgrounds to understand their clonal composition.MethodsConsecutive MSSA isolates were collected from single patients during two surveillance periods in 2016 and 2021 in 13 public hospitals. The isolates were characterized using antibiogram, staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing, DNA microarray analysis, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using standard protocols.ResultsA total of 446 MSSA was cultured from different clinical samples in 2016 (n = 240) and 2021 (n = 206). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤ 2 mg/L], teicoplanin (MIC ≤2 mg/L), linezolid (MIC ≤4 mg/L), ceftaroline (MIC ≤2 mg/L), rifampicin, and mupirocin but were resistant to erythromycin (21.3%), clindamycin (14.0%), gentamicin (3.8%), kanamycin (10.5%), fusidic acid (27.0%), tetracycline (6.9%), trimethoprim (23.1%), and ciprofloxacin (35.2%). Molecular typing identified 155 spa types, dominated by t127 (15.0%), t084 (5.4%), t3841 (5.4%), t267 (2.4%), t442 (2.2%), t091 (2.2%), t021 (2.2%), and t003 (2.2%); 31 clonal complexes (CCs); and 56 sequence types (STs). The majority of the isolates (n = 265; 59.4%) belonged to CC1 (20.6%), CC15 (10.9%), CC22 (5.1%), CC30 (7.6%), CC361 (10.1%), and CC398 (4.7%).DiscussionThe MSSA isolates belonged to diverse genetic backgrounds dominated by CC1, CC15, CC22, CC30, CC361, and CC398. The distribution of MSSA clones in 2016 and 2021 showed the stability of these clones over time. The study provides the first comprehensive data on the clonal distribution of MSSA in Kuwait hospitals.
The preventative effects of Lactococcus Lactis metabolites against LPS-induced sepsis
Authors: Fu Yue , Zhang Song , Yue Qiulin , An Zaiyong , Zhao Minghan , Zhao Chen , Sun Xin , Li Kunlun , Li Baojun , Zhao Lin , Su Le 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSepsis is a syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and septic shock. Currently, antibiotic therapy is the standard treatment for sepsis, but it can lead to drug resistance. The disturbance of the gut microbiota which is affected by sepsis could lead to the development of organ failure. It is reported that probiotics could shape the gut microbiota, potentially controlling a variety of intestinal diseases and promoting whole-body health.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of intra- and extracellular products of probiotics on sepsis. The extracellular products of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) were identified through the in vivo cell experiments. The preventive effect and mechanism of L. lactis extracellular products on mouse sepsis were further explored through HE staining, mouse survival rate measurement, chip analysis, etc.ResultsL. lactis extracellular products increase cell survival and significantly reduce inflammatory factors secreted in a cellular sepsis model. In in vivo experiments in mice, our samples attenuated sepsis-induced pulmonary edema and inflammatory infiltrates in the lungs of mice, and reduced mortality and inflammatory factor levels within the serum of mice. Finally, the mechanism of sepsis prevention by lactic acid bacteria is suggested. Extracellular products of L. lactis could effectively prevent sepsis episodes.DiscussionIn animal experiments, we reported that extracellular products of L. lactis can effectively prevent sepsis, and preliminarily discussed the pathological mechanism, which provides more ideas for the prevention of sepsis. In the future, probiotics may be considered a new way to prevent sepsis.
Influence of non-pharmaceutical interventions on epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children during and after the COVID-19 epidemic in Ningbo, China
Authors: Jiang Min , Zhang Hui , Yao Fangfang , Lu Qinhong , Sun Qian , Liu Zhen , Li Qingcao , Wu Guangliang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundSince the outbreak of COVID-19, China has implemented a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), effectively containing the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as well as various respiratory pathogens. With the continuous relaxation of restrictions, China has entered a new phase of the post-pandemic era. However, the epidemiological differences of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) between the two phases in Ningbo and even in China remain unclear.MethodsData of children aged 0–14 years who visited the Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital due to acute respiratory tract infections from January 2020 to December 2023 were collected. PCR was used to detect 13 respiratory pathogens and the macrolide-resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.ResultsAmong 10,206 children, 2,360 were infected with MP (23.12%). Among the total, the MP positive rate during the NPI phase (6.35%) was significantly lower than that during the non-NPI phase (34.28%), while the macrolide resistance rate increased from 62.5% (NPI phase) to 81.1% (non-NPI phase). The rate of MP co-infection increased from 11.2% (NPI phase) to 30.3% (non-NPI phase). MP infection exhibited obvious seasonality, with the highest prevalence in autumn (30.0%) followed by summer (23.6%). There were differences in MP positivity rates among different age groups, with the highest among school-age children at 39.5%. During the NPI phase, all age groups were less susceptible to MP, while during the non-NPI phase, the susceptible age for MP was 4–12 years, with 8 years being the most susceptible. The susceptible age for MP co-infection was 0–6 years. MP exhibited antagonistic effects against numerous pathogens. Compared to MP single infection, the proportion of pneumonia was higher in MP co-infection cases.ConclusionThe removal of NPIs significantly impacted the spread of MP, altering population characteristics including age, seasonality, macrolide resistance, and MP co-infection rates.
Dynamic functional network connectivity in patients with a mismatch between white matter hyperintensity and cognitive function
Authors: Zeng Siyuan , Ma Lin , Mao Haixia , Shi Yachen , Xu Min , Gao Qianqian , Kaidong Chen , Li Mingyu , Ding Yuxiao , Ji Yi , Hu Xiaoyun , Feng Wang , Fang Xiangming 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is strongly associated with cognitive impairment. However, the severity of WMH does not coincide fully with cognitive impairment. This study aims to explore the differences in the dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) of WMH with cognitively matched and mismatched patients, to better understand the underlying mechanisms from a quantitative perspective.MethodsThe resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and cognitive function scale assessment of the patients were acquired. Preprocessing of the rs-fMRI data was performed, and this was followed by dFNC analysis to obtain the dFNC metrics. Compared the dFNC and dFNC metrics within different states between mismatch and match group, we analyzed the correlation between dFNC metrics and cognitive function. Finally, to analyze the reasons for the differences between the mismatch and match groups, the CSVD imaging features of each patient were quantified with the assistance of the uAI Discover system.ResultsThe 149 CSVD patients included 20 cases of “Type I mismatch,” 51 cases of Type I match, 38 cases of “Type II mismatch,” and 40 cases of “Type II match.” Using dFNC analysis, we found that the fraction time (FT) and mean dwell time (MDT) of State 2 differed significantly between “Type I match” and “Type I mismatch”; the FT of States 1 and 4 differed significantly between “Type II match” and “Type II mismatch.” Correlation analysis revealed that dFNC metrics in CSVD patients correlated with executive function and information processing speed among the various cognitive functions. Through quantitative analysis, we found that the number of perivascular spaces and bilateral medial temporal lobe atrophy (MTA) scores differed significantly between “Type I match” and “Type I mismatch,” while the left MTA score differed between “Type II match” and “Type II mismatch.”ConclusionDifferent mechanisms were implicated in these two types of mismatch: Type I affected higher-order networks, and may be related to the number of perivascular spaces and brain atrophy, whereas Type II affected the primary networks, and may be related to brain atrophy and the years of education.
The genetic relationship between hypotension and delirium: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Chengli , Wu Jiayao , Lin Yiqing , Liu Zhongqi , Liufu Ning , Cao Minghui 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundObservational research suggests that hypotension is a potential hazard factor of delirium. Nevertheless, previous observational articles are limited in their ability to establish causality between hypotension and delirium. The present study was sought to explore the genetic causal relationship between these two conditions using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsGenome-wide association study (GWAS) summarized data for hypotension and delirium were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium. The researchers utilized several statistical methods, such as inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR Egger, weighted mode, and simple mode in conducting the MR statistical analysis. In order to identify heterogeneity among the MR outcomes, we employed the Cochrane’s Q test. Furthermore, we used the MR-Egger intercept test and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outliers (MR-PRESSO) test to examine horizontal pleiotropy.ResultsThe findings revealed that hypotension was identified as an independent hazard variable for delirium (p = 0.010, odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.302 [1.066–1.592]) using the IVW method. The presence of horizontal pleiotropy was found to have minimal impact on establishing causal relationship (p = 0.999), and there was no evidence to suggest heterogeneity between genetic variations (p = 0.379). Additionally, the leave-one-out method demonstrated the stability and robustness of this association.ConclusionWe performed two-sample MR analyses and found evidence of a genetic causal relationship between hypotension and delirium. Our findings suggest that individuals with a genetic predisposition for hypotension may have a higher risk of developing delirium. This suggests that interventions aimed at improving perioperative hypotension could aid in limiting the incidence of delirium.
Long-term sequelae after viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis are frequent, even in mildly affected patients, a prospective observational study
Authors: Schwitter Janine , Branca Mattia , Bicvic Antonela , Abbuehl Lena S. , Suter-Riniker Franziska , Leib Stephen L. , Dietmann Anelia 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionAn increasing number of studies demonstrate that viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis, even those with a mild course of meningitis, can result in residual sequelae.MethodsWe aimed to investigate the long-term outcome in both viral meningitis and meningoencephalitis/encephalitis patients and impact of long-term sequelae on patients’ social and professional daily lives in a prospective observational study with a follow-up period of 20 months.ResultsA total of 50 patients (12% encephalitis, 58% meningoencephalitis and 30% meningitis) and 21 control persons participated in the study. The most common cause was the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus. The most important persistent signs and symptoms after 2 years were subjective cognitive impairment (36%), fatigue and/or excessive daytime sleepiness (31%), disturbed nighttime sleep (31%) and headaches (13%), as well as feeling more rapidly exhausted after cognitive effort (53%). Independent of disease severity in the acute phase, almost one third of patients still reported mildly impaired social and/or professional life due to the long-term sequelae, with scores in the health status assessment still significantly lower compared to healthy controls.DiscussionRegardless of the severity of the acute illness and despite constant improvement within 2 years, 67% of patients still had persistent signs and symptoms, but these were only relevant to everyday social or professional life in about 30% of these patients.
Effect of caffeine intake on self-reported and genetic prediction of osteoarthritis: an epidemiological study and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Ji Zhongkai , Shen Yucheng , Chen Dong , Liu Zhidong , Dai Jiuming , Dai Bin , Deng Wei 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) holds the distinction of being the most widespread musculoskeletal disorder. Any disruptions in the integrity of the articular cartilage can result in joint malfunction, discomfort, and impaired physical functioning. Increasing evidence indicates the negative impacts of caffeine intake on hyaline cartilage. The primary objective of this study was to delve deeper into understanding the potential link between the consumption of caffeine and the risk of developing OA.MethodsIn this study, we constructed logistic regression models to evaluate the correlation between caffeine consumption and the risk of osteoarthritis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Following that, we utilized genome-wide association studies to conduct a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis investigating the association between coffee consumption and the likelihood of developing knee OA. We employed various statistical methods, including inverse variance weighting (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode, simple mode, and MR-Egger regression, to ensure comprehensive analysis and robust conclusions. To evaluate heterogeneity and the potential impact of pleiotropy, we conducted several statistical tests, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and MR Steiger test.ResultsThe weighted multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the relationship between high caffeine intake (95–206 and ≥206 mg/day) and OA prevalence remained significantly high even after adjusting for covariates using the lowest caffeine intake (&lt; 11 mg/day) as reference: Model 1—OR (95% Cl) = 1.365 (1.18–1.58) and 1.59 (1.38–1.83); Model 2—OR (95% Cl) = 1.21 (1.04–1.42) and 1.44 (1.23–1.68); and Model 3—OR (95% Cl) = 1.19 (1.01–1.40) and 1.30 (1.10–1.52), respectively (p &lt; 0.05). The findings from the fixed effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis revealed a statistically significant link between coffee intake and the likelihood of developing knee osteoarthritis: OR = 1.94; 95% confidence interval (Cl) =1.471–2.517; (p &lt; 0.001). Consistent findings were obtained across various other methods, including MR-Egger regression, weighted median, weighted mode, and simple mode analyses.ConclusionOur study showed a positive correlation between OA prevalence and high caffeine intake (≥95 mg/day).
Emerging cancer disease burden in a rural sub-Saharan African population: northeast Nigeria in focus
Authors: Ezenkwa Uchenna S. , Lawan Aliyu Ibrahim , Garbati Musa Abubakar , Suleiman Dauda E. , Katagum Dauda A. , Kabir Abba , Adamu Adamu Isa , Modu Abubakar Kolomi , Olanrewaju Olaniyi David , Dachi Rufai Abdu , Abdullahi Yusuf Mohammed , Alkali Muhammed , Bojude Danladi Adamu , Usman Hadiza Abdullahi , Omotoso Ayodele , Schlumbrecht Matthew , George Sophia H. L. , Audu Bala Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is plagued by myriads of diseases, mostly infectious; but cancer disease burden is rising among non-communicable diseases. Nigeria has a high burden of cancer, however its remote underserved culturally-conserved populations have been understudied, a gap this study sought to fill.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional multi-institutional descriptive study of histologically diagnosed cancers over a four-year period (January 2019-December 2022) archived in the Departments of Pathology and Cancer Registries of six tertiary hospitals in the northeast of Nigeria. Data obtained included age at diagnosis, gender, tumor site and available cancer care infrastructure. Population data of the study region and its demographics was obtained from the National Population Commission and used to calculate incident rates for the population studied.ResultsA total of 4,681 incident cancer cases from 2,770 females and 1,911 males were identified. The median age at diagnosis for females was 45 years (range 1–95yrs), and 56 years (range 1–99yrs) for males. Observed age-specific incidence rates (ASR) increased steadily for both genders reaching peaks in the age group 80 years and above with the highest ASR seen among males (321/100,000 persons) compared to females (215.5/100,000 persons). Breast, cervical, prostatic, colorectal and skin cancers were the five most common incident cancers. In females, breast, cervical, skin, ovarian and colorectal cancers were the top five malignancies; while prostate, haematolymphoid, skin, colorectal and urinary bladder cancers predominated in men.ConclusionRemote SSA communities are witnessing rising cancer disease burden. Proactive control programs inclusive of advocacy, vaccination, screening, and improved diagnostics are needed.
An unusual occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms: a case report and narrative review
Authors: Salhab Rawand Qasim , Ghazaleh Zeina Ihab , Barbarawi Wadee , Salah-Aldin Riyad , Hour Hani , Sweity Raghad , Bakri Izzeddin A. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMultiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are cancers presenting distinct pathological types that originate from different tissues or organs. They are categorized as either synchronous or metachronous. Nowadays, the incidence of MPMN is increasing.Patients and methodsWe present a case of a 71-year-old male patient with a medical history of hepatitis B and a family history of breast and endometrial cancers. The patient reported a nasal tip skin lesion with recurrent bleeding, and the history disclosed lower urinary tract symptoms. Further investigations revealed the coexistence of four primary cancers: basosquamous carcinoma of the nasal lesion, prostatic adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.ResultsA multidisciplinary team cooperated to decide the proper diagnostic and therapeutic modules.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, the synchronization of these four primary cancers has never been reported in the literature. Even so, multiple primary malignant neoplasms, in general, are no longer a rare entity and need proper explanations, a precise representation of definition and incidence, further work-up approaches, and treatment guidelines as well.