bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH–MALT1 translocation in gastrointestinal extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma)
Authors: Zhang Shimin , Wei Minqi , Liang Qi , Johnson Daisy , Dow Nancy , Nelson Ann , Aguilera Nadine , Auerbach Aaron , Wang Guanghua 
Published: November 2013

AimsStudies have indicated that the t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH–MALT1 translocation is present in extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). However, only a few studies have investigated the incidence of t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1 in primary gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas or in diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The overall significance of t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1 in gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas is not clear. We examined 41 gastrointestinal MALT lymphoma and 23 DLBCL cases, with the aim of further understanding the role of t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1 in these diseases.Methods and resultsFluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) assays for the detection of t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1 and t(11;18)(q21;q21)/API2–MALT1, along with immunostaining and histological evaluations, were performed on selected cases. Of the 64 analysed cases, one gastric MALT lymphoma and one colonic MALT lymphoma were positive for t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1.ConclusionsWe describe what are, to our knowledge, the first reported primary colonic MALT lymphoma carrying t(14;18)(q32;q21)/IGH–MALT1, and one of the few reported cases of gastric MALT lymphoma with this translocation. As this translocation is seen in only a few gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas, it is not useful as a diagnostic marker for routine clinical services. Although these findings suggest that t(14;18)/IGH–MALT1 is a rare molecular event in gastrointestinal MALT lymphomas and DLBCLs, further studies to elucidate the role of this genetic alteration in these diseases are indicated.
DOGS, HISTORY, AND AGENCY
Authors: PEARSON CHRIS 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTDrawing on posthumanist theories from geography, anthropology, and science and technology studies (STS), this article argues that agency is shared unevenly between humans and nonhumans. It proposes that conceptualizing animals as agents allows them to enter history as active beings rather than static objects. Agency has become a key concept within history, especially since the rise of the “new” social history. But many historians treat agency as a uniquely human attribute, arguing that animals lack the cognitive abilities, self‐awareness, and intentionality to be agents. This article argues that human levels of intentionality are not a precondition of agency. Furthermore, it draws on research into canine psychology to propose that dogs display some degree of intentionality and self‐directed action. The aim is not to turn dogs, or any other animals, into human‐style agents nor to suggest that they display the same levels of skill, intentionality, and intelligence as humans. Instead, the objective is to show how dogs are purposeful and capable agents in their own way and to explore how they interact with human agents. The article particularly considers the agency of militarized dogs, especially those on the Western Front (1914–1918), to suggest how historians can use primary sources to uncover how individuals in the past have treated dogs as capable creatures and to capture some sense of dogs’embodied and purposeful agency.
Basal expression of growth‐factor‐associated genes in periodontal ligament stem cells reveals multiple distinctive pathways
Authors: Osman A. , Gnanasegaran N. , Govindasamy V. , Kathivaloo P. , Wen A. S. , Musa S. , Abu Kasim N. H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo identify and compare the expression level of growth‐factor‐associated genes in human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells with dental pulp stem cells isolated from deciduous teeth as well as to assess their suitability in regenerative dentistry.MethodologyPeriodontal ligament and dental pulp stem cells were isolated from deciduous teeth. Human both cells lines were expanded in identical culture condition, and their differentiation profile and cell surface antigen were compared. In addition, growth factor associated genes profiles were assessed using PCR array.ResultsStem cells from deciduous dental pulp (SCD) and periodontal ligament cultures were capable of proliferating and mutually expressed the specific phenotype profile of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In osteogenic cultures, calcium nodules were observed by day 21 in PDL and dental pulp stem cells. In adipogenic cultures, both cell populations showed positive Oil Red O staining by day 21. Likewise, in chondrogenic cultures, both stem cells expressed the formation of proteoglycan. Interestingly, the expression of growth factor analysis revealed a higher propensity of PDL stem cells towards angiogenesis, osteogenesis and neurogenesis as compared to dental pulp stem cells.ConclusionsThe data suggest the PDL stem cell population can be utilized as potential sources for cell‐based therapies in regenerative dentistry.
MicroRNA levels are modulated in Aedes aegypti after exposure to Dengue‐2
Authors: Campbell C. L. , Harrison T. , Hess A. M. , Ebel G. D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo define microRNA (miRNA) involvement during arbovirus infection of Aedes aegypti, we mined deep sequencing libraries of Dengue type 2 (DENV2)‐exposed mosquitoes. Three biological replicates for each timepoint [2, 4 and 9 days post‐exposure (dpe)] and treatment group allowed us to remove the outliers associated with sample‐to‐sample variability. Using edgeR (R Bioconductor), designed for use with replicate deep sequencing data, we determined the log fold‐change (logFC) of miRNA levels [18–23 nucleotides (nt)]. The number of significantly modulated miRNAs increased from ≤5 at 2 and 4 dpe to 23 unique miRNAs by 9 dpe. Putative miRNA targets were predicted by aligning miRNAs to the transcriptome, and the list was reduced to include the intersection of hits found using the Miranda, PITA, and TargetScan algorithms. To further reduce false‐positives, putative targets were validated by cross‐checking them with mRNAs reported in recent DENV2 host response transcriptome reports; 4076 targets were identified. Of these, 464 gene targets have predicted miRNA‐binding sites in 3′ untranslated regions. Context‐specific target functional groups include proteins involved in transport, transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial function, chromatin modification and signal transduction processes known to be required for viral replication and dissemination. The miRNA response is placed in context with other vector host response studies by comparing the predicted targets with those of transcriptome studies. Together, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that profound and persistent changes to gene expression occur in DENV2‐exposed mosquitoes.
Attitudes towards female genital mutilation: an integrative review
Authors: Reig Alcaraz M. , Siles González J. , Solano Ruiz C. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundImmigration and globalization processes have contributed to the international dissemination of practices such as female genital mutilation. Between 100 and 400 million girls and women have been genitally mutilated, and every year 3 million girls are at risk of being subjected to female genital mutilation.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to describe the attitudes towards the practice of female genital mutilation in relation to different health systems and the factors that favour its discontinuation.MethodsAn integrative review was performed of publications from the period 2006 to 2013 included in the MedLine, PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, CINAHL and CUIDEN databases.ResultsWe selected 16 studies focusing on diverse contexts that assessed the attitudes of both men and women regarding the perpetuation of this practice. Ten corresponded to studies conducted in countries of residence. Several areas of investigation were explored (factors contributing to the continuation of female genital mutilation, factors contributing to its discontinuation, feelings about the health system).LimitationsIt is possible that the relevant studies may not have been included given the limitations of the literature review and the invisibility of the phenomenon studied.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates the strong social pressure to which women are subjected as regards the practice of female genital mutilation. However, many other factors can contribute to eroding beliefs and arguments in favour of this practice, such as the globalization, culture and social environment of countries in the West.Implications for nursing and health policyNurses occupy an essential position in detecting and combating these practices.
Doppler optical coherence tomography
Authors: SCHMETTERER L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDoppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a functional extension of OCT. In Fourier Domain OCT information on blood flow can be extracted when phase‐sensitive measurements are performed. This technique can be used to quantify blood flow but also to visualize the vasculature comparable to angiography. When blood flow in the retina is quantified knowledge on the orientation of the vessel relative to the illuminating laser beam is required. Several attempts have been tried to solve this problem. A promising technique is to illuminate the vessel from two directions with two laser beams. With this approach the extraction of blood velocity becomes independent of incident angle and independent of eye movements. We have shown that this is a vlid and reproducible technique to quantify retinal blood flow in humans. When doing angiography systems with high readout rate are required, because of motion artifacts. The technique may have significant potential in retinal disease.
Prognostic factors for clinical outcomes in patients with Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada disease treated with high‐dose corticosteroids
Authors: ABU EL ASRAR A 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose: To determine prognostic factors in patients with Vogt‐Koyanagi‐Harada (VKH) disease who were treated with high‐dose corticosteroids. Methods: Analysis of 87 patients (174 eyes). Results: Chronic recurrent presentation was significantly associated with more severe anterior segment inflammation at presentation as indicated by presence of mutton‐fat keratic precipitates, anterior chamber reaction of 2+ or more, iris nodules and posterior synechiae, less exudative retinal detachment at presentation, more complications during the follow‐up period and a worse visual outcome. The use of immunomodulatory therapy as first line therapy significantly reduced the development of complications in the whole study group and in initial‐onset acute group and improved visual outcome in the whole study group. In the whole study group, final visual acuity of 20/20 was significantly associated with good initial visual acuity of >20/200 and age older than 16 years was significantly associated with the development of complications. Conclusions: Chronic recurrent VKH disease is significantly associated with more severe inflammation at presentation and more complications. Use of immunomodulatory therapy improves clinical outcome.
Scara5 involvement in retinal iron metabolism
Authors: MENDES‐JORGE L , VALENÇA A , RAMOS D , LOPEZ‐LUPPO M , CATITA J , PIRES VMR , NACHER V , NAVARRO M , CARRETERO A , RODRIGUEZ‐BAEZA A , RUBERTE J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Although transferrin is the principal source of iron in mammalian cells, recently, ferritin was proposed as a new iron transporter protein. Serum ferritin is composed mostly, but not exclusively, of L‐ferritin, and in the presence of even a single H‐ferritin chain, up to 4500 atoms of iron can be incorporated into one ferritin molecule. As each transferrin molecule only binds to two iron atoms, serum ferritin can be regarded as a potential deliverer of a considerable large amount of iron to tissues. Iron implication in oxidative damage has become clear, and it is well known that iron accumulation is associated in the retina with several retinopathies.Methods Scara5 and L‐ferritin expression in the retina were studied by means of laser confocal microscopy, rt‐PCR and Western Blotting in ICR adult mice and in a murine model of retinopathy. Horse spleen ferritin was intravenously injected in healthy ICR adult mice and alteration in iron handling proteins expression was analyzed.Results Scara5 receptors, that specifically bind to L‐ferritin, were found in retinal endothelial and perivascular cells. Intravenous injected ferritin crossed the blood‐retinal barrier (BRB), through Scara5 receptor binding, and accumulated in these cells, suggesting that serum ferritin, mostly composed by L‐ferritin, can be transported across the BRB into the retinal parenchyma. During retinopathy, alterations in L‐ferritin levels and Scara5 expression were evaluated.Conclusion Serum ferritin uptake could represent a new pathway of iron delivery to the retina and points out perivascular cells as a key element in retinal iron traffic and during retinal iron accumulation associated with some retinopathies.
The LentiVector® gene therapy platform for ocular disease: A clinical update
Authors: ELLIS S 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe LentiVector® Gene Therapy Platform for Ocular Disease: a clinical update Oxford BioMedica currently has three ocular therapies in clinical development using the LentiVector® platform: RetinoStat®, StarGenT and UshStat®, for the treatment of age‐related macular degeneration, Stargardt macula dystrophy and Usher Syndrome 1B respectively. A clinical update of these trials will be given.
RESVEGA, by the presence of Resveratrol, inhibits retinal endothelial tube formation
Authors: OLMIERE C , CLERC A , LECONTE L 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol with various properties. RESVEGA, a food supplement developed by Thea, contains 2% of RES. The aim of this study was to examine the activity of RES and RESVEGA on endothelial cells.Methods Compounds activity was tested using an in vitro angiogenesis assay. Endothelial cells obtained from human umbilical vein (HUVEC) and monkey retinal endothelial cells (RF/6A) were used for this assay. 96‐well cell cultures plates were coated with Matrigel. Cells (15000 per well) were incubated in the presence of RES, RESVEGA or vehicle. Tube formation was recorded every 15 min during 5 hours using Time Lapse Video Microscopy. At each time point, 3 fields per well were photographed and images were analysed using Metamorph software. Each experiment was repeated three times, with triplicate samples.Results RES and RESVEGA products activities were compared at the following concentrations: 25, 50 and 100 µM. Both RES, tested on HUVEC and RF/6A, and RESVEGA, tested on RF/6A, reduced the ability of endothelial cells to form vascular networks on Matrigel. This inhibitory effect was dose dependent in the range of 25‐100 µM.Conclusion This is the first report of the anti‐angiogenic effect of RES on RF/6A retinal endothelial cells. RESVEGA supplement presents the same anti‐angiogenic activity than resveratrol alone.
Commercial interest
Retinal vessel oxygen saturation in retinitis pigmentosa patients
Authors: TüRKSEVER C , VALMAGGIA C , ORGUEL S , SCHORDERT DF , TODOROVA MG 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To study the retinal oxygen saturation in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).Methods Retinal Vessel Oximetry was performed with the oximetry tool of Retinal Vessel Analyzer (Imedos GmbH, Jena, Germany) on 12 eyes of 6 RP patients and on 24 eyes of 12 age‐matched healthy controls (p=0.747, two‐way ANOVA). RP patients were selected following a clinical and electrophysiological assessment. We evaluated the mean oxygen saturation of arteries (A‐SO2), the mean oxygen saturation of veins (V‐SO2), as well as the A‐V‐SO2 difference and compared them to the ERG values within both groups.Results In controls, the mean A‐SO2 and V‐SO2 of the retina was 92.41% (SD, ±3.54) and at 53.99% (SD, ±2.95), respectively. In the RP group, the A‐SO2 and the V‐SO2 were increased to 100.13% (SD, ±7.24) and 66.96% (SD, ±5.67), respectively (p‐values=0.000). The A‐V‐SO2 difference, known to be proportional to oxygen consumption, was reduced to 33.17% (SD, ±5.85) in RP when compared to the controls 38.39% (SD, ±3.00) in a linear regression model (p=0.001). The b‐wave of the dark‐adapted 3.0 ERG response compared to A‐SO2, V‐SO2, as well as A‐ V‐SO2 difference within both groups, showed a linear correlation of: r=‐0.571, r=‐0.846, and r=0.531, respectively with the corresponding p‐values <0.003. The b‐wave of the light‐adapted 3.0 ERG response compared to A‐SO2, V‐SO2 and A‐ V‐SO2 difference, showed a linear correlation of r=‐0.581, r=‐0.807, and r=0.472, respectively, with the p‐values <0.008.Conclusion This is to our knowledge the first study data, which suggests the oxygen metabolism to be altered in cases with retinitis pigmentosa.
The need for epididymovasostomy at vasectomy reversal plateaus in older vasectomies: a study of 1229 cases
Authors: Mui P. , Perkins A. , Burrows P. J. , Marks S. F. , Turek P. J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryVasectomy reversal involves either vasovasostomy (VV) or epididymovasostomy (EV), and rates of epididymal obstruction and EV increase with time after vasectomy. However, as older vasectomies may not require EV for successful reversal, we hypothesized that sperm production falls after vasectomy and can protect the system from epididymal blowout. Our objective was to define how the need for EV at reversal changes with time after vasectomy through a retrospective review of consecutive reversals performed by three surgeons over a 10‐year period. Vasovasotomy was performed with Silber score 1–3 vasal fluid. EVs were performed with Silber score 4 (sperm fragments; creamy fluid) or 5 (sperm absence) fluid. Reversal procedure type was correlated with vasectomy and patient age. Post‐operative patency rates, total spermatozoa and motile sperm counts in younger (<15 years) and older (>15 years) vasectomies were assessed. Simple descriptive statistics determined outcome relevance. Among 1229 patients, 406 had either unilateral (n = 252) or bilateral EV's (n = 154) constituting 33% (406/1229) of reversals. Mean patient age was 41.4±7 years (range 22–72). Median vasectomy interval was 10 years (range 1–38). Overall sperm patency rate after reversal was 84%. The rate of unilateral (EV/VV) or bilateral EV increased linearly in vasectomy intervals of 1–22 years at 3% per year, but plateaued at 72% in vasectomy intervals of 24–38 years. Sperm counts were maintained with increasing time after vasectomy, but motile sperm counts decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Pregnancy, secondary azoospermia, varicocoele and sperm granuloma were not assessed. In conclusion, and contrary to conventional thinking, the need for EV at reversal increases with time after vasectomy, but this relationship is not linear. EV rates plateau 22 years after vasectomy, suggesting that protective mechanisms ameliorate epididymal ‘blowout’. Upon reversal, sperm output is maintained with time after vasectomy, but motile sperm counts decrease linearly, suggesting epididymal dysfunction influences semen quality after reversal.
Positioning of leukocyte subsets in the portal and lobular compartments of hepatitis C virus‐infected liver correlates with local chemokine expression
Authors: Nguyen Nam , de Esch Celine , Cameron Barbara , Kumar Rakesh K , Zekry Amany , Lloyd Andrew R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and AimChronic hepatitis C virus infection is characterized by infiltration of a mixed population of leukocytes into portal tracts and infiltration almost exclusively by CD8+ T cells into lobules of the liver. This pattern of leukocyte recruitment is likely to be orchestrated in a cell‐specific fashion by local chemokine expression.MethodsPortal or lobular tissues were isolated by laser capture microdissection from 17 liver biopsy specimens to examine regional gene expression of a panel of chemokine ligands and receptors. The biopsies were also stained immunohistochemically to enumerate regional cell numbers.ResultsExpression of multiple chemokine ligands and receptors was evident, although few correlated with leukocyte numbers. In the lobule, expression of CXCL10 correlated with T‐cell subsets (CD3+, P = 0.0002; CD4+, P = 0.0053; and CD8+, P = 0.0061), as did CCL5 (CD3+, P = 0.0005; CD8+, P = 0.0199) and CCL3 (CD3+, P = 0.0016; CD8+, P = 0.008). In the portal tracts, expression of CXCL10 and CCL5 was correlated with CD8+ T‐cell numbers (P = 0.0040 and P = 0.0114, respectively), whereas CXCL13 was strongly correlated with CD20+ B‐cell numbers (P < 0.0001). CXCR3 expression correlated with CD3+ and CD4+ T cells (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0208, respectively), CCR5 with CD8+ T cells (P < 0.0001), and CXCR5 with CD20+ B‐cell infiltration (P = 0.0022).ConclusionCXCR3, CCR5, and CXCR5 and their ligands form key elements of the “zip code” responsible for regional localization of specific lymphocyte subsets in the HCV‐infected liver.
A Comparison of Pathogen Isolation in Culture and Injection–infiltration Bioassay of Citrus Leaves for DetectingXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri
Authors: Bock Clive H. , Gottwald Tim R. , Graham James H. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCitrus canker [caused byXanthomonas citrisubsp.citri(Xcc)] can cause yield loss of susceptible citrus and result in trade restrictions of fresh fruit. For both regulatory purposes and epidemiological studies, accurate detection and quantification of viable inoculum are critical. Two accepted methods used to detect and quantifyXccare injection–infiltration bioassay and culture, but these two methods have not been directly compared using field‐obtained samples. The two methods were compared using washates of lesions taken from fruit, leaves and shoots in a commercial orchard inFlorida in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, with bioassay being the assumed standard. Despite some misclassifications, true positives (sensitivity) and true negatives (specificity) were the dominant classes using culture. False positives for lesions from shoots ranged from 13.1 to 21.4% in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, respectively, and false positives for lesions from fruit and leaves ranged from 4.3 to 15.7%, in the two seasons, respectively. The false positive rate for culture compared with injection–infiltration bioassay was highest (0.16–0.55), due to more frequent recovery ofXccby culture at ≤103colony‐forming units (CFU)Xccper ml. The false negative rate was consistently lower (0.02–0.21), confirming that in only a few cases did culture fail to detectXccwhen it was present. The area under the curve for receiver operator characteristic analysis ranged from 0.80 to 0.97, confirming that culture provided an accurate diagnosis in most cases. There was a higher frequency of lesions from shoots with aCFU≤103Xcccompared with lesions from fruit or leaves, making culture more effective at detecting these. The data demonstrate that culture is a reliable way to detect and quantifyXcccompared with injection–infiltration bioassay, particularly when theCFUis ≤103Xccper ml.