bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DS Method for Evidence Characterization
Authors: Lukens HR , Bryan DE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The scientific comparison of materials is often used as an aid to assigning responsibility for infractions of the law. A suspect, for example, may (or may not) be linked to the scene of a crime, depending on whether his hair matches (or does not match) hair found at the scene. The confidence in conclusions reached by such comparisons depends on the number of measured characteristics and the manner in which such characteristics vary among both the universe of such material and the appropriate subset; for example, the variance of hair among humans and the variance of hair on a single human.
Analysis and Interpretation of the Cannabinolic Content of Confiscated Marihuana Samples
Authors: Manno J , Manno B , Walsworth D , Herd R 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the last decade marihuana consumption in the United States has increased dramatically. A recent government estimate suggested that sufficient illicit marihuana is available in this country to provide 10 cigarettes per capita. Criminal penalties for possession of marihuana in this country are assigned for possession of defined quantities of marihuana and its identification as Cannabis sativa by microscopic and/or chemical tests.
Investigative Powers of the Medical Examiner in the Light of Rupp vs. Jackson
Authors: Davis JH , Siever FAC , Feegel JR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Death is an event which triggers various emotions in those persons who have some relational ties with the decedent. Society accepts and approves of these emotions and their external manifestations which culminate in burial. But society does more than merely accept and approve this ritual; it has a decided interest in the death of each person from the viewpoint of health and welfare. This interest is often codified in statutes, which create the office of the medical examiner and broadly outline his investigative powers. The fact that this interest is codified expressly verifies that society considers its rights, in certain areas, with respect to the body of the decedent superior to any rights of other individuals having a legal relationship to the decedent.
The Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer as a New and Important Tool in Forensic Toxicology
Authors: Skinner RF , Gallaher EJ , Knight JB , Bonelli EJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The growing use of drugs in this country has caused the work of the toxicological chemist to become increasingly difficult. More and more, the courts, police departments, and coroners have had to rely on the chemist for evidence in respect to identification of drugs. In many cases testing procedures commonly used today do not, in fact, establish the identity of a substance of interest with a desirable degree of certainty and the presumptive identification needs confirmation by other techniques.
Untoward Effects of Exogenous Inhalants on the Lung
Authors: Weston JT , Liebow AA , Dixon MG , Rich TH 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This collection of cases is presented for a number of reasons. In several instances no difficult diagnostic pathological problem is posed, although the interrelationship between injury or disease and subsequent litigation is such that the discussion is worthwhile. In several other instances, somewhat perplexing differential diagnostic clinical pathologic problems are presented. In at least one of these cases, the ability to render a diagnosis may have substantially affected the course of the litigation. It is not possible, within the scope of such a presentation, to present all of the medicolegal ramifications which may arise in any given section of the country, but an attempt has been made to delineate, to the practicing pathologist not devoting all of his time to the forensic subspecialty, the nature of most of the common medicolegal ramifications that may arise.
The Leadership of Kyai in Islamic Boarding School (A Study of Islamic Boarding School in Jambi)
Authors: Kasful Kasful 
Published: July 2015

This study was conducted based on the problem of kyai leadership pattern in Islamic boarding school in Jambi which is considered as paternalistic and centralistic. The study was aimed at exploring the effectiveness of kyai leadership at Islamic boarding schools in Jambi dealing with the following questions: 1) What kind of system is applied in the election of Islamic boarding school leader? 2) What kind of leadership model used in Islamic boarding school Jambi? 3) What is the effectiveness of the kyai leadership in relation with the vision, mission, management, and policy maker of that school? 4) What were the roles of kyai as the leader of Islamic boarding school among the society? Qualitative design was used in this study and purposive sampling was employed to determine the respondents. Observation, interview and documentation were used to collect the data. It was found that: 1) The Islamic Boarding School of Nurul Iman applied deliberation and consensus system leader in which teachers, board of trustees and coordinator of Pecinan are participating in when electing the leader and the model of leadership in this school is charismatic. The As’ad School leader’s election was based on family-tree system and the model of leadership in this school was paternalistic. In PKP Al-Hidayah, the leader is elected directly by the government of Jambi province as the owner of the school. 2) In general, the model of leadership applied in Islamic boarding school in Jambi was collective-passive model because generally Islamic boarding school at Jambi are under the management of particular foundation.3) The leadership of kyai is not effective because the management system applied was not effective. 4) The role of kyai among the society ran harmoniously. Based on the research findings, democratic and open election system are recommended in Islamic boarding school leader election to respect individual right to consider leader’s credibility, quality and acceptability. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Mingle Model for Teaching English Speaking Skill for College Students
Authors: Darmayenti Darmayenti , Nofiadri Nofel 
Published: July 2015

This paper is a report of a research and development project conducted in a speaking skill for the first-year students of State Institute for Islamic Studies Imam Bonjol Padang, academic year 2012/2013. Mingle as a technique in teaching speaking proposed by Pollard and Hess in 1997 was developed into a new model. Using ADDIE model as proposed by Dick and Carey in 1996, we collected the intended data through observation, questionnaire, and test. The result of the research showed that the implementation of model gave a significant difference in term of the students-learning outcome between the students who are taught through Mingle model and by traditional one or without Mingle model. The development of Mingle model included preparation, warming up, set the rule, act Mingle model, presentation, review and discussion. It is concluded that Mingle model is more effective to improve students on all components of speaking skill. Therefore, it is recommended that this model can be implemented at IAIN Imam Bonjol Padang. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Impact of Mass and Lattice Difference on Thermal Boundary Conductance
Authors: Choi Changjin , Roberts Nick 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe impact of mass and lattice difference on thermal boundary conductance is investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics with the Lennard-Jones interatomic potential. Results show that the maximum thermal boundary conductance is achieved when the mass and the lattice of two dissimilar materials are matched, although the composite thermal conductance is not necessarily a maximum. It is observed that the small difference in mass and potential well depth has as significant an impact as large differences, and that the frequency mismatch is an important factor that affects thermal boundary conductance. It is, also, found that inelastic scattering begins to play a role at the interface as the temperature increases.
Congruencia programática entre partidos y votantes en Chile
Authors: Morales Quiroga Mauricio 
Published: July 2015

El sistema de partidos chileno suele ser clasificado como uno de los más programáticos de América Latina. Se asume que existe una alta congruencia entre partidos y votantes.Sin embargo, el partido más incongruente con la ciudadanía es el que hoy tiene la bancada de diputados más grande. En consecuencia, Chile es un caso útil para discutir dosafirmaciones centrales de la literatura. Primero, que los sistemas de partidos institucionalizados se caracterizan por una fuerte estructuración programática de las preferenciasy segundo, que la proximidad programática entre partidos y electores es condición necesaria para el éxito electoral. El análisis de datos está hecho sobre la base de dos estudiosde opinión aplicados al total de diputados y senadores en ejercicio en 2010 y 2011-2012 y de dos encuestas nacionales de ciudadanos en idénticos años.
La coalición de la Alianza en Argentina (1999-2001): un caso entre bloques
Authors: Silva Abelenda Beatriz María 
Published: July 2015

El artículo estudia la cohesión del bloque parlamentario de la Alianza en la Cámara Baja, a partir de la perspectiva del copatrocinio aplicada al primer caso de coalición formal, desde el retorno a la democracia en 1983. El trabajo analiza la performance legislativa del grupo parlamentario en función de las características constitutivas de los integrantes del bloque (composición federal, género y antecedentes parlamentarios), los espacios ocupados en el sistema de comisiones y su condición oficialista, para explorar las motivaciones que permitieron el copatrocinio logrado y las características que tuvo la práctica cooperante en una coalición de gobierno. En relación con el distrito y el partido como variables explicativas señaladas para el caso argentino, este trabajo identifica la experiencia de los titulares de las bancas, la distribución del bloque dentro de la Cámara y el curso político en los años 2000 y 2001 como fundamento del curso de la cooperación dentro del oficialismo. Abstract This paper studies the cohesion of the Alliance parliamentary bloc in the House, from the perspective of co-sponsorship applied to the first case of formal coalition since the return to democracy in 1983. The paper analyzes the performance of the ruling bloc according to the constitutive characteristics such as federal composition, gender and background parliamentarians, the space occupied in the Commission System and its status as the ruling bloc to explore the motivations and their characteristics in a coalition government. The district and the party identified as explanatory variables for the Argentine case, this paper highlights the experience of members, the distribution of the bloc in the House and the political course during 2000 and 2001 as the foundation of the course of cooperation within the ruling bloc.
Alternativas para la comprensión de la pobreza: hogares y capital social en México
Authors: Portales Luis , Gabarrot Mariana 
Published: July 2015

En décadas recientes, el capital social se ha visualizado como un elemento clave para el desarrollo tanto en discursos académicos como en programas de política social. Sin embargo, la operacionalización del concepto varía de un lugar a otro, lo que genera debates acerca de sus posibles aportaciones tanto teóricas como empíricas. El presente trabajo argumenta que una definición contextual del capital social contribuye a la construcción de una idea más sofisticada del combate a la pobreza, lo que refuerza el cuestionamiento a los enfoques tradicionales de otras investigaciones en profundidad a miembros de hogares que fueron definidos como representativos de distintos niveles de pobreza con base en una encuesta previa. Abstract In recent decades, social capital has been a key element within academic discourses and social policy programs. However, the operationalization of the concept varies from one place to another, thus generating debates regarding its likely contributions —both theoretical and empirical—. The paper argues that a contextual definition of the term contributes to the construction of a more sophisticated idea regarding poverty alleviation, supporting other academic work, which questions traditional approaches. The latter is shown through the results of ethnographic fieldwork in Monterrey, Nuevo León, México, which included in depth interviews to household members defined as representatives of different poverty levels by a previous survey.
Desarrollo de la metodología en ciencias sociales en América Latina: posiciones teóricas y proyectos de sociedad
Authors: Cortés Fernando 
Published: July 2015

La metodología de las ciencias sociales suele conceptuarse como un campo disciplinario provisto de su propia lógica interna. En este ensayo se muestra que a pesar de ello, al examinar las disputas metodológicas que han tenido lugar en América Latina en los últimos sesenta años (así como las teóricas), se observa que han sido influidas por las luchas políticas por imponer proyectos de sociedad alternativos. Política, teoría y metodología han estado fuertemente imbricadas. Se plantea que hasta fines de los sesenta la metodología era equivalente a técnicas de encuesta. En los setenta y parte de los ochenta se redefinió por la preocupación de comprender el cambio estructural desde una epistemología con fuerte acento marxista. A raíz de las crisis de los ochenta y las consecuentes restricciones presupuestarias sobre la investigación académica se ha observado una tendencia a limitar la metodología a un conjunto de herramientas y técnicas de investigación, y a discutir conceptos desprendidos de sus cuerpos teóricos, ocultando así la diversidad de enfoques y propuestas políticas. Abstract The methodology of the social sciences is often conceptualized as a disciplinary field equipped with its own internal logic. This article shows that in spite of this, when examining methodologicaldisputes (and theoretical as well) that have taken place in Latin America in the last sixty years shows that have been influenced by political struggles to impose alternative social projects. Politics, theory and methodology have been closely intertwined. It is argued that until the late sixties methodology was equivalent to survey techniques. In the seventies and part of the eightiesthere was a concern to understand the structural change with a strong Marxist epistemology accent. Following the crisis of the eighties and the consequent budgetary restrictions on academicresearch there has been a tendency to limit the methodology to a set of research tools and techniques, and discuss concepts detached form their theoretical bodies, hiding the diversity of approaches and policy proposals.
Geneza opere Gorenjski slavček
Authors: Pompe Gregor 
Published: July 2015

Med slovenskimi operami 19. stoletja se zdi še najbližje konceptu nacionalne opere Gorenjski slavček Antona Foersterja. Članek se ukvarja s postopno genezo dela: od začetne operetne variante do končne prekomponirane opere. V tej luči interpretira fragmentarno ohranjeno partituro iz glasbene zbirke ljubljanskega NUK-a kot pomemben vmesni korak, kar pomeni, da je Foerster o operni varianti razmišljal že dve desetletji prej, kot smo mislil do sedaj.
Nacionalni in transnacionalni vidiki glasbe: študija primera zgodnje recepcije Dvořákovih del na Slovenskem
Authors: Cigoj Krstulovič Nataša 
Published: July 2015

Študija primera zgodnje recepcije Dvořákovih del na Slovenskem je izhodišče za opazovanje v muzikološki misli izpostavljenega razmerja »slovanske« in »nemške« glasbe in vnovične osvetlitve vprašanja med nacionalnim in transnacionalnim v glasbi evropskega prostora na prelomu 19. in 20. stoletja. Članek prikaže praizvedbe Dvořákovih del v Ljubljani skozi prizmo poustvarjalnih zmožnosti ter recepcije glasbe pred prvo svetovno vojno. Izpostavljeni so kritiški odmevi ob krstnih izvedbah, še zlasti kantate Mrtvaški ženin(Svatební košile) z ljubljanskim zborom Glasbene matice na Dunaju, ko je dirigiral Dvořák (1896) in prikazan zvezek samospevov, ki ga je Fran Gerbič posvetil Dvořáku.
Einem Wunder auf der Spur: Die Mozarts und das Misererevon Gregorio Allegri
Authors: Hochradner Thomas 
Published: July 2015

The notation from memory of Gregorio Allegri’s Misererewas made by Wolfgang Amadé Mozart during his stay in Rome in 1770. The notation – about which the family correspondence reports – was transformed from an occurrence to an anecdote in literature about Mozart, and from an anecdote it was built into a myth. Under scrutiny, Mozart’s achievement is not so spectacular, however new perspectives get articulated about the performance practice of the papal chapel and the liturgical contexts of the Misererein the Sistine Chapel. These basic parameters shed a light on the impressions of the alleged “hearing miracle” that must have absorbed the 14 year old Mozart's attention.
A well‐balanced FV scheme for compound channels with complex geometry and movable bed
Authors: Minatti L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis work focuses on the implementation of a Shallow Water‐Exner model for compound natural channels with complex geometry and movable bed within the finite volume framework. The model is devised for compound channels modeling: cross‐section overbanks are treated with fixed bed conditions, while the main channel is left free to modify its morphology. A capacitive approach is used for bed load transport modeling, in which the solid flow rates are estimated with bed load transport formulas. The model equations pose some numerical issues in the case of natural channels, where bed load transport may occur for both subcritical and supercritical flows and geometry varies in space. An explicit path‐conservative scheme, designed to overcome all these issues, is presented in the paper. The scheme solves liquid and solid phases dynamics in a coupled manner, in order to correctly model near critical currents/channel interactions and is well‐balanced, that is able to properly reproduce steady states. The Roe and Osher Riemann solvers are implemented, so as to take into account the spatial geometry variations of natural channels. The scheme reaches up to second‐order accuracy. Validation is performed with fixed and movable bed test cases whose analytical solution is known, and with flume experimental data. An application of the model to a real case study is also shown.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Involving 1,2‐Indole Migration
Authors: Álvarez Estela , Nieto Faza Olalla , Silva López Carlos , Fernández‐Rodríguez Manuel A. , Sanz Roberto 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA cascade reaction of indoles with propargylic diols involving an unprecedented metal‐free 1,2‐indole migration onto an alkyne was carried out. DFT calculations support a mechanism consisting of a concerted nucleophilic attack of the indole nucleus with loss of water, followed by the 1,2‐migration and subsequent Nazarov cyclization. This Brønsted acid‐catalyzed protocol affords indole‐functionalized benzofulvene derivatives in high yields.
Fertility preservation knowledge, counseling, and actions among adolescent and young adult patients with cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Shnorhavorian Margarett , Harlan Linda C. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Lynch Charles F. , Prasad Pinki K. , Cress Rosemary D. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Hamilton Ann S. , Parsons Helen M. , Keel Gretchen , Charlesworth Sarah E. , Schwartz Stephen M. ,   AYA HOPE Study Collaborative Group
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUNDThe fertility of adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer can be threatened by treatments, but to the authors' knowledge little is known regarding the extent to which providers discuss this with patients or recommend fertility preservation, or the patient and physician characteristics associated with these interactions.METHODSQuestionnaires from 459 AYA patients with cancer who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2008 and recruited through 7 US population‐based cancer registries were analyzed using sex‐specific multivariable models. The authors assessed characteristics associated with not discussing therapy effects on fertility or fertility preservation options, and not making fertility preservation arrangements.RESULTSMales without a medical oncologist were more likely not to be told that therapy might affect fertility than those with a medical oncologist (male odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.03‐5.00). Individuals without insurance (male OR, 2.91 [95% CI, 1.41‐5.91] and female OR, 5.46 [95% CI, 1.59‐18.72]); those raising children aged <18 years; and, among males only, those who received treatment posing no or a low fertility risk (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.60‐7.16) were more likely not to discuss fertility preservation with providers. Finally, among males, those without a college degree (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.00‐3.97), lacking private insurance (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.16‐7.63), and raising children aged <18 years (OR, 3.53; 95% CI, 1.63‐7.65) were more likely to not make fertility preservation arrangements; too few females had made fertility preservation arrangements for similar analyses to be performed.CONCLUSIONSDiscussion and action surrounding fertility preservation for AYA patients with cancer are associated with medical factors, patient socioeconomic data, and child‐rearing status. These results highlight the need for insurance coverage for fertility preservation and increased awareness of fertility preservation options. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cervical cytological screening: Assessment of the Fournier® self‐sampling device in a cervical pathology outpatient clinic
Authors: da Silva Rocha Alexandre , Guilherme Schaefer Pedro , Isabel Albano Edelweiss Maria 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Fournier® self‐sampled device in the cytological diagnosis of cervical precursor or neoplastic lesions. The colposcopy and cervical biopsy were used as the gold standard evaluation.MethodThis was a case–control study performed at a cervical pathology outpatient clinic from January 2008 to October 2009. Samples were obtained through physician‐collected mode before a colposcopic evaluation. Liquid‐based cytology slides obtained with the device in question were stained using the Papanicolaou method and anti‐p16 immunocytochemistry and were analyzed by two pathologists blind to the histological and colposcopic diagnoses.ResultsDiagnostic performance for Fournier device using Papanicolaou technique was sensitivity 41.1% (Pathologist 1—P1) and 52.9% (Pathologist 2—P2) for diagnosing low‐grade intraepithelial lesions; for high‐grade lesions and cervical cancer, sensitivity was 68.7% (P1) and 75.0% (P2) and specificity was 81.8% (P1) and 73.8% (P2). When using the anti‐p16 immunocytochemistry, the sensitivity for diagnosing low‐grade intraepithelial lesions was 57.1% (P1) and 62.9% (P2), and the sensitivity was 87.5% (P1) and 93.8% (P2) for high‐grade lesions and cancer. The specificity was 75.0% (P1) and 54.4% (P2).ConclusionsThese results show that when used with “blind” physician‐collected cytology in an outpatient setting, the Fournier® device achieved a sensitivity and specificity comparable to those obtained by the Pap test traditionally collected during a speculum examination. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:802–809. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.