bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Competition policy in a general‐equilibrium platform economy
Authors: Beladi Hamid , Chao Chi‐Chur , Chin Kuo‐Hsuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the wage and welfare effects of the competition policy in a platform economy. An increase in downstream platform providers widens the skilled‐unskilled wage gap in the short run. Moreover, competition brings about a beneficial price pass‐through effect but a detrimental cost‐pushing effect on upstream manufacturers. This leads to business dynamism in manufacturing firms. By numerical simulations, the number of manufacturing firms increases, thus further widening wage inequality in the long run. The optimal number of platform providers is smaller when the business‐stealing effect is larger, whereas it is larger when the price pass‐through effect is greater.
Adipokine receptor expression in mast cells is altered by specific ligands and proinflammatory cytokines
Authors: Żelechowska Paulina , Wiktorska Magdalena , Kozłowska Elżbieta , Agier Justyna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdipokines play essential roles in regulating a range of biological processes, but growing evidence indicates that they are also fundamental in immunological mechanisms and, primarily, inflammatory responses. Adipokines mediate their actions through specific receptors. However, although adipokine receptors are widely distributed in many cell and tissue types, limited data are available on their expression in mast cells (MCs) and, consequently, adipokine's significance in the modulation of MC activity within the tissues. In this study, we demonstrate that rat peritoneal MCs constitutively express the leptin receptor (i.e. LEPR), adiponectin receptors (i.e. ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2) and the chemerin receptor (i.e. CMKLR1). We also found that LEPR, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2 and CMKLR1 expression in MCs changes in response to stimulation by their specific ligands and some cytokines with potent proinflammatory properties. Furthermore, the involvement of intracellular signaling molecules in leptin‐, adiponectin‐ and chemerin‐induced MC response was analyzed. Overall, our findings suggest that adipokines leptin, adiponectin and chemerin can significantly affect the activity of MCs in various processes, especially during inflammation. These observations may contribute significantly to understanding the relationship between adipokines, immune mechanisms and diseases or conditions with an inflammatory component.
Overeducation of migrants in Lombardy: A trend analysis 2008–2021
Authors: Maiorino Sara , Terzera Laura 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines the determinants of the overeducation phenomenon among migrants in Lombardy, Italy, and how it has evolved over the last 14 years. The target population consists of legal and undocumented individuals with original citizenship from countries defined as ‘high migratory pressure countries’, who declared themselves as ‘employed’. Italy has one of the highest rates of overeducation among non‐EU citizens in the European Union, and there is also a significant gap between the overeducation rates of Italian nationals and non‐EU citizens in the country. The study explores various factors contributing to overeducation and how the individual and migratory characteristics affecting it evolved. The chosen period encompasses years affected by the consequences of the economic crisis and the pandemic emergency. A significant time effect, different according to gender, is detected: more specifically, a decrease in the probability of being overeducated in the post‐crisis years in comparison with the preceding ones for men. More years since migration and having attended primary or secondary education in Italy appear to significantly lessen the likelihood of overeducation. Predicted probabilities demonstrate that being a woman and originating from certain countries, such as some eastern European non‐EU countries (Ukraine and Moldova) and the Philippines, disadvantage foreign workers in terms of overeducation.
Household migration decisions: Understanding Ethiopians irregular migration from Kembata‐Tembaro zone to the Republic of South Africa
Authors: Megersa Hailu , Tafesse Tesfaye 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research intends to shed light on the household migration decision‐making process of Ethiopian irregular migrants heading to the Republic of South Africa. Data were drawn from a cross‐sectional household survey (n = 659) and in‐depth interviews (n = 24) conducted in 2022. Descriptive statistics, binary logistic regressions and thematic analysis were employed to analyse the data. Our findings reveal that being a young male, having a large household size, the presence of family members and smugglers positively influence households' decisions for irregular migration. Possession of farmland, being employed and married have a negative influence on household decisions for migration. The study findings further show that prior information about the migration destination is important in the household's migration decision‐making process. We suggest that government actions and policy interventions should be based on such empirical evidence to promote safe and regular migrations while addressing potential migrants' aspirations and needs in their pursuit of a better life.
Recent temporal trends, characteristics and outcomes of patients with non‐COVID‐19 community‐acquired pneumonia at two tertiary hospitals in Australia: an observational study
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Mangoni Arduino A. , Shahi Rashmi , Horwood Chris , Thompson Campbell 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) leads to considerable morbidity and mortality globally. However, data on CAP burden in Australia, especially during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, are limited.AimsWe characterised and assessed clinical outcomes of non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations over a 6‐year period at two major hospitals in South Australia.MethodsAll non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations were identified using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth revision, Australian modification (ICD‐10‐AM) codes, between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2023, at two tertiary hospitals in Adelaide. Clinical outcomes included in‐hospital and 30‐day mortality, length of stay (LOS) in, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30‐day readmissions. Multilevel regression models were utilised to identify predictors of clinical outcomes.ResultsOver the 6‐year period, there were 7853 non‐COVID‐19 CAP hospitalisations, with a temporal increase from 100 per 100 000 population in 2018 to 208 per 100 000 population in 2023 (P < 0.001). The mean (SD) age was 75.1 (17.6) years, and 54.6% were males. The mean age declined over time (P < 0.05), while other characteristics remained stable. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most commonly identified bacterium (21.8% of cases). In‐hospital mortality occurred in 7.8% of patients, with 30‐day mortality and readmission rates of 14.3% and 16.9% respectively. LOS declined significantly during the pandemic years; however, mortality remained stable over time. Frailty status, malnutrition and number of comorbidities significantly predicted 30‐day mortality and LOS, in addition to pneumonia severity and ICU admission.ConclusionsThere has been an increasing trend of hospitalisations for non‐COVID‐19 CAP during the COVID‐19 pandemic, with a concomitant trend towards shorter LOS and no significant shift in other clinical outcomes.
Is additional silane application necessary for a new silane‐containing universal adhesive to bond to glass ceramics?
Authors: da Silva Priscila Luciane , Bittencourt Hélio Radke , Burnett Luiz Henrique , Spohr Ana Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the in vitro influence of prior silane application on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of Scotchbond Universal Plus to glass ceramic.Materials and MethodsThirty blocks of lithium disilicate ceramic were etched with hydrofluoric acid for 20 s and distributed into Group 1 (no silane and no adhesive), Group 2 (adhesive), Group 3 (silane + adhesive). Three cylinders of resin cement were made on each ceramic block. Five blocks (n = 15 cylinders) were subjected to the μSBS test after 24 h, and the other five blocks (n = 15 cylinders) were tested after 6 months of water storage.ResultsAccording to two‐way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test, the means of μSBS (MPa), denoted by different letters, show significant differences (p < 0.05): after 24 h—Group 1 (31.7)B, Group 2 (43.3)A, and Group 3 (31.3)B; after 6 months—Group 1 (14.8)B, Group 2 (33.6)A, and Group 3 (30.3)A. After 6 months of storage, there was a significant decrease in μSBS for Groups 1 and 2, along with an increase in adhesive failures across all groups.ConclusionsPrior application of silane did not increase the μSBS between Scotchbond Universal Plus and ceramic, and there was degradation at the bond interface over time.Clinical SignificancePrior application of a silane agent is not necessary when using Scotchbond Universal Plus for bonding to glass ceramics. Regardless of the prior application of silane, there is degradation at the bond interface over time.
Early life‐history stages of the olive barb, Systomus sarana (Hamilton), and a key ontogenetic systematic character of Smiliogastrinae
Authors: Lal Melbin , Anvar Ali P. H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe current study aims to uncover the early life‐history stages of Systomus sarana, a medium‐sized smiliogastrin cyprinid important for aquaculture in South Asia. The fish were effectively bred in captivity by administering 0.25 mL of breeding hormone per kilogram of fish. The spawning occurred 8.54 ± 0.55 h after the injection, and the eggs were phyto‐lithophilic with a pale yellow color and a diameter of 1.49 ± 0.04 mm. Hatching occurred 17 h after fertilization, and the yolk‐sac larvae of 3.43 ± 0.08 mm total length (TL) were adhering to the plant parts and other substrata with the cement glands on the forehead. On the third day, with complete absorption of the yolk sac and the disappearance of the attachment organ, the pre‐flexion larvae measured 5.3 ± 0.11 mm TL. On the eighth day, the flexion larvae measured 6 ± 0.4 mm TL with a well‐inflated posterior swim bladder, and the post‐flexion larvae, at 11 days post‐hatching (dph), developed a two‐chambered gas bladder. The juvenile stage, on day 21 post‐hatching, was marked by the loss of the median finfolds and the appearance of black blotches on the caudal, subdorsal, and supra‐anal regions. The commencement of squamation and the appearance of the rudiments of maxillary barbels distinguished the juvenile stage. The subadults measuring 4.6 ± 0.36 cm TL had finished squamation and completely lost the subdorsal and supra‐anal blotches. We propose that the presence of subdorsal blotches is a distinctive ontogenetic and systematic feature of larval and juvenile forms of smiliogastrin barbs.
Market‐Triggered Contingent Capital with Incomplete Information
Authors: BERG TOBIAS , SCHLIEPHAKE EVA 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe analyze the equilibria of market‐triggered contingent capital if a bank's asset value is not common knowledge. Using a global game setup with private signals, we characterize the unique equilibrium for the conversion of the market‐triggered contingent capital. The conversion likelihood increases with higher bank leverage, a higher face value of contingent capital, and a greater dilution for incumbent shareholders. We further show that the existence of both a private and a public signal constrains the optimal design of contingent capital for which a unique equilibrium exists.
Thyroblastoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta): A case report
Authors: Greenberg J. , Wiener D. J. , Buchl S. J. , Hensel M. E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this report, we describe the gross, histopathology, and immunohistochemical findings of a thyroblastoma that arose in the right lobe of the thyroid gland in a 2‐month‐old rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
Social media use as a source of information by acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Ünal Bahar Ürün , Demirbaş Abdullah , Erdoğan Burcu Gök 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundSocial media and internet usage is undeniably high. Misinformation obtained from the internet and wrong treatment methods can cause serious problems in patients with acne vulgaris (AV). In this study, the sociodemographic data of AV patients, their frequency of using the internet as an information source, the relationship between them, and their attitudes and behaviors regarding their disease due to these programs were examined.Methods481 patients aged 14 and over diagnosed with AV were included in the study. It was conducted in a descriptive cross‐sectional type. Acne severity of all patients included in the study was determined using the Global Acne Grading System.Results78.3 percent of participants use social media to get information about AV. It was determined that men and single people used social media about their illnesses at a statistically significantly higher rate than women and married people (p = 0.004). In addition, patients aged 13–18 and high school graduates use social media as a source of information about their diseases, and this rate is statistically significantly higher (p < 0.001).ConclusionEspecially in the last decade, the use of social media tools to spread health messages has increased significantly. Because it has a chronic course and can cause cosmetic problems, AV patients may frequently resort to communication sources such as social media. Considering the possibility of social media misinforming patients, physicians should be aware that their patients with AV frequently use social media and should improve themselves in creating correct awareness on this issue.
Performing as ways of knowing: Projects of legibility and state simplification in postcolonial Hong Kong
Authors: Ji Eugene Yu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper explores the evolving, adaptive, and self‐making characteristics of how the Chinese state accesses and governs postcolonial Hong Kong, focusing on how the state develops ways of hegemonic simplification and projects of legibility through performances and political rituals. While drawing inspirations from Scott's classical concepts, the paper contends that the Chinese state's ways of knowing about Hong Kong are dynamic and performative rather than static and representative. The analysis identifies two primary models of state performativity in postcolonial Hong Kong. The first model, which emerged in the initial years after Hong Kong's reunion to China in 1997, focuses on semiotic mapping between sociolinguistic differentiation and sociopolitical boundary making through improvisational and interactional performance. The second model, which the state began to increasingly develop in the late 2000s, engages in a dialectic of boundary making and boundary breaking through scripted political rituals, aiming to both harmonize and subjugate the local within the state's cosmos. Broadly, this paper emphasizes the importance of viewing the state's performances and rituals as laminated and scalar processes and movements of knowledge making and re‐making across sociocultural and sociopolitical timespace.
Effect of dried cauliflower leaf meal (Brassica oleracea var botrytis) dietary supplementation on the growth performance, carcass and meat characteristics of rabbits
Authors: Bansod A. P. , Saha S. K. , Sen A. R. , Theerthesh M. , Khandare R. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of feeding cauliflower leaf meal (CLM) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, carcass characteristics, histopathology and economics of rabbit production. A total of eighteen 45‐day‐old Newzeland White rabbits were randomly divided into three groups and fed with control (0%), 20% and 30% CLM in concentrate mixture and feeding trial continued for 3 months. Growth performance was recorded upto the end of the trial. On completion of the growth study, a digestibility trial was conducted to assess the digestibility of nutrients. Afterwards, all the experimental rabbits were slaughtered to evaluate the carcass and meat quality, and to examine histological changes in the viscera. The cost of production was calculated on the basis of partially replacing wheat bran with CLM. Results showed that the body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and digestibility of nutrients were similar among the groups of rabbits. Further, dressing percentage, wholesome cut yield, chemical composition of meat, sensory evaluation, water holding capacity and shear force value were also comparable among all groups. However, total phenolic content, vitamin A and E, and polyunsaturated fatty acid were significantly (p < 0.05) higher and 2‐Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 30% CLM‐fed group. Histopathological study showed no pathological changes in viscera of rabbits fed with CLM. Moreover, the cost of production was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in 30% CLM‐fed group of rabbits. The present work shows that the 30% CLM can be incorporated in concentrate mixture in rabbit diet without affecting growth performance or meat quality and successfully used in rabbit nutrition, which will be cheaper with enhanced keeping quality of meat.
Single intravenous and oral dose pharmacokinetics of the antiseizure medication brivaracetam in healthy cats
Authors: Jukier Tom , Zhang Chu , Arnold Robert D. , Gross Amanda 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe number of available antiseizure medications with demonstrated efficacy in cats is limited. As such, there is a need to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of newer medications so that proper dosing regimens can be made. Brivaracetam (BRV) is a more potent analogue of levetiracetam, and is Food and Drug Administration approved for use in people. The goal of this study was to describe the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and oral doses of BRV in healthy cats. A cross‐over study involving eight healthy cats, that were administered 10 mg of BRV intravenously as a bolus and orally in the fasted state. Blood samples were collected over 24 h. Analysis was performed using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Data were subjected to non‐compartmental analysis. Median (min–max) of maximal concentration, time to maximal concentration, area under the curve, elimination half‐life and oral absolute bioavailability were 902 (682–1036) ng/mL, 0.6 (0.5–2.0) h, 6.4 (5.2–7.2) h, 8145 (6669–9351) ng × h/mL and 100% (85–110) respectively. BRV appeared to be well tolerated by all cats. A single dose of BRV is well tolerated both orally and intravenously. Maximal concentrations are produced rapidly and within the human reference interval considered to be therapeutic.
Ammonia and urea metabolism in acute liver failure: A multicentre cohort study
Authors: Cardoso Filipe S. , Toapanta David , Jimenez Natalia , Fidalgo Pedro , Figueiredo António , Valdivieso Miriam , Germano Nuno , Rule Jody A. , Lee William M. , Abraldes Juan G. , Reverter Enric , Karvellas Constantine J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground & AimsAmmonia is metabolized into urea in the liver. In acute liver failure (ALF), ammonia has been associated with survival. However, urea variation has been poorly studied.MethodsObservational cohort including ALF patients from Curry Cabral Hospital (Lisbon, Portugal) and Clinic Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) between 10/2010 and 01/2023. The United States ALF Study Group cohort was used for external validation. Primary exposures were serum ammonia and urea on ICU admission. Primary endpoint was 30‐day transplant‐free survival (TFS). Secondary endpoint was explanted liver weight.ResultsAmong 191 ALF patients, median (IQR) age was 46 (32; 57) years and 85 (44.5%) were males. Overall, 86 (45.0%) patients were transplanted and 75 (39.3%) died. Among all ALF patients, following adjustment for age, sex, body weight, and aetiology, higher ammonia or lower urea was independently associated with higher INR on ICU admission (p < .009). Among all ALF patients, following adjustment for sex, aetiology, and lactate, higher ammonia was independently associated with lower TFS (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 0.991 (0.985; 0.997); p = .004). This model predicted TFS with good discrimination (area under receiver operating curve [95% CI] = 0.78 [0.75; 0.82]) and reasonable calibration (R2 of 0.43 and Brier score of 0.20) after external validation. Among transplanted patients, following adjustment for age, sex, actual body weight, and aetiology, higher ammonia (p = .024) or lower (p < .001) urea was independently associated with lower explanted liver weight.ConclusionsAmong ALF patients, serum ammonia and urea were associated with ALF severity. A score incorporating serum ammonia predicted TFS reasonably well.
The “suevite” conundrum, Part 2: Re‐examining the type locality at the Ries impact structure, Germany
Authors: Osinski Gordon R. , Grieve Richard A. F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOne of the most common types of allochthonous impactite produced in hypervelocity impact events is impact breccia that contains melt particles. In numerous terrestrial hypervelocity impact structures such melt‐bearing breccias have been termed “suevite,” after the type locality at the Ries impact structure, Germany. Despite its widespread occurrence, the origin, emplacement, and classification of suevite remains debated. In this contribution, we re‐examine the nature and origin of suevite at the Ries impact structure. The results of new field and laboratory investigations, when combined and synthesized with results from previous studies, lead to a multi‐stage model for the origin and emplacement of allochthonous impactites during the Ries impact event. Following the creation of a transient cavity the so‐called Bunte Breccia and “megablocks” were emplaced via ballistic sedimentation and subsequent radial flow during the excavation stage to form a continuous ejecta blanket. At the end of the excavation stage, a mixture of melt and lithic fragments formed a lining to the transient cavity and it is this material that later became the crater, dike, and outer suevite (OS) units. The crater suevite represents the material from the displaced zone of the transient cavity that was transported and mixed but never left the cavity. The emplacement of dike suevite occurred during the modification stage as the crater suevite was intruded into fractures in the underlying crater floor. The OS and rare impact melt rocks overlying the ballistic (Bunte Breccia) ejecta deposits were emplaced as outwards‐directed ground‐hugging flows largely during the modification stage of crater formation. The OS flows varied both spatially and temporally in terms of the flow characteristics, from being dominated by solid particles and gas (cf. pyroclastic density currents) to a mixture of solid particles, liquid (impact melt), and minor gases (i.e., particulate impact melt‐rich flows). These particulate impact melt‐rich flows dominated by far. Minor “fallback” of material from an ejecta plume is evidenced by accretionary lapilli in the Nördlingen 1973 core. In summary, allochthonous impactites at the Ries impact structure are not unusual but are consistent with observations from other terrestrial and planetary craters, where melt‐rich impactites overly ballistic ejecta deposits both outside and inside crater rims and where melt‐rich impactites occur in crater interiors.