bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A population‐based study
Authors: Pupillo Elisabetta , Messina Paolo , Logroscino Giancarlo , Beghi Ettore ,   the SLALOM Group
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the long‐term survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and identify predictors of prolonged survival in a population‐based cohort of newly diagnosed patients.MethodsAn incident cohort from a population‐based registry during the years 1998 through 2002 in Lombardy, Italy was followed until death or to February 28, 2013. Age, sex, date of onset of symptoms, site of onset, date of diagnosis, and El Escorial diagnostic category were collected. Survival was assessed using Kaplan–Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards function was used to identify independent prognostic predictors. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were used to assess the 5‐year and 10‐year excess mortality of ALS patients.ResultsIncluded were 280 men and 203 women aged 18 to 93 years. Spinal onset ALS was present in 312 cases (64.6%). Definite ALS was diagnosed in 213 cases (44.1%), probable ALS in 130 (26.9%), possible ALS in 93 (19.3%), and suspected ALS in 47 (9.7%). The cumulative time‐dependent survival at 1, 5, and 10 years from diagnosis was 76.2%, 23.4%, and 11.8%, respectively. Independent predictors included younger age, the diagnosis of possible/suspected ALS, spinal onset, and symptoms having started >12 months previously at diagnosis. SMR was 9.4 at 5 years and 5.4 at 10 years. SMR at 10 years was higher until age 75 year, predominating in women, and became nonsignificant for males thereafter.InterpretationThe outcome in ALS varies with phenotype. Longer survival is predicted by younger age, spinal onset, male gender, and suspected ALS. After age 75 years, 10‐year survival in men with ALS is similar to the general population. Ann Neurol 2014;75:287–297
Mixed Transition‐Metal Oxides: Design, Synthesis, and Energy‐Related Applications
Authors: Yuan Changzhou , Wu Hao Bin , Xie Yi , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA promising family of mixed transition‐metal oxides (MTMOs) (designated as AxB3‐xO4; A, B=Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, Fe, etc.) with stoichiometric or even non‐stoichiometric compositions, typically in a spinel structure, has recently attracted increasing research interest worldwide. Benefiting from their remarkable electrochemical properties, these MTMOs will play significant roles for low‐cost and environmentally friendly energy storage/conversion technologies. In this Review, we summarize recent research advances in the rational design and efficient synthesis of MTMOs with controlled shapes, sizes, compositions, and micro‐/nanostructures, along with their applications as electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors, and efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in metal–air batteries and fuel cells. Some future trends and prospects to further develop advanced MTMOs for next‐generation electrochemical energy storage/conversion systems are also presented.
The Cambridge Structural Database in Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: Groom Colin R. , Allen Frank H. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) was established in 1965 to record numerical, chemical and bibliographic data relating to published organic and metal–organic crystal structures. The Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) now stores data for nearly 700 000 structures and is a comprehensive and fully retrospective historical archive of small‐molecule crystallography. Nearly 40 000 new structures are added each year. As X‐ray crystallography celebrates its centenary as a subject, and the CCDC approaches its own 50th year, this article traces the origins of the CCDC as a publicly funded organization and its onward development into a self‐financing charitable institution. Principally, however, we describe the growth of the CSD and its extensive associated software system, and summarize its impact and value as a basis for research in structural chemistry, materials science and the life sciences, including drug discovery and drug development. Finally, the article considers the CCDC’s funding model in relation to open access and open data paradigms.
Thiirane resins cured with polythiourethane hardeners as novel supports for metal complex catalysts
Authors: Strzelec Krzysztof , Bączek Natalia , Szynkowska Małgorzata , Grams Jacek 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe application of thiirane resin cured with polythiourethane (PTU) hardeners as novel and efficient support for palladium complex catalyst is reported. Stability and activity efficiency in Heck reactions were determined. IR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy provided information of metal coordination to the polymer matrix. Characterization of polymer supports and palladium catalysts has involved the measurements of the structural parameters in the dry state by the nitrogen BET adsorption, time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The results of this study indicate that PTU used to cure thiirane resin can greatly affect the catalytic properties of the episufide resin‐supported palladium catalyst. These new type of polymer supports comparing to other organic carriers offers several practical advantages such as ability to control the crosslinking density, porosity and the chemical structure of the polymeric matrix, which influence the catalytic properties of the immobilized metal complex. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40330.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Non‐Volatile Memory Device Application of an N‐Substituted Heteroacene
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Wang Jiangxin , Li Pei‐Zhou , Gao Junkuo , Tan Si Yu , Xiong Wei‐Wei , Hu Benlin , Lee Pooi See , Zhao Yanli , Zhang Qichun 
Published: January 2014

AbstractN‐substituted heteroacenes have been widely used as electroactive layers in organic electronic devices, and only a few of them have been investigated in organic resistive memory devices. Here, a novel N‐substituted heteroacene 2‐(4′‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐4,11‐bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]phenazine (DBIP) has been designed, synthesized, and characterized. Sandwich‐structure memory devices based on DBIP have been fabricated and the devices show non‐volatile and stable memory character with good endurance performance.
High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Using Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) as an Electrolyte Shows a Remarkable Durability
Authors: Berber Mohamed R. , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko , Nakashima Naotoshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe development of a high‐performance, durable, and less expensive membrane electrode assembly (MEA) composed of a polymer electrolyte membrane and electrocatalysts is important for developing fuel cells. Herein, we described the design and fabrication of an electrocatalyst with carbon black, polybenzimidazole doped with poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA), and platinum nanoparticles as an electron‐conducting support material, an electrolyte, and a metal catalyst, respectively. Most importantly, we used PVPA in place of phosphoric acid, which is a widely used acid dopant, as the acid dopant for both the electrocatalyst and the polymer electrolyte membrane. We reported that the use of PVPA is crucial for the high performance of the MEA because it prevented the leaching of acid molecules from the MEA, which led to high durability compared to that of the phosphoric acid‐doped MEAs.
Comparative Study of the Electrochemical Promotion of CO2 Hydrogenation over Ru‐Supported Catalysts using Electronegative and Electropositive Promoters
Authors: Theleritis Demetrios , Makri Marialena , Souentie Stamatios , Caravaca Angel , Katsaounis Alexandros , Vayenas Constantinos G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe kinetics and the electrochemical promotion of the hydrogenation of CO2 over Ru‐catalyst electrodes deposited on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and (Na+)‐β“‐Al2O3 solid electrolytes are investigated at temperatures between 200 and 340 °C and pressures up to 5 bar. In the case of both the O2− conductor (YSZ) and the Na+ conductor (β”‐Al2O3), the selectivity for CH4 production is enhanced significantly when using a positive potential by supplying of O2− to, or removal of Na+ from, the catalyst surface. The opposite effect is observed when using a negative applied potential, which suppresses CH4 formation and enhances the production of CO through the reverse water–gas shift reaction. However, at low Na coverage, and under reducing conditions, both methanation and H2 production are promoted by the application of a negative potential. The observed electrochemical promotion behavior in conjunction with the reaction kinetics is consistent with the rules of electrochemical and chemical promotion.
Highly Flexible and Nonflammable Inorganic Hydroxyapatite Paper
Authors: Lu Bing‐Qiang , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Chen Feng 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA highly flexible and nonflammable inorganic hydroxyapatite (HAP) paper made from HAP ultralong nanowires is reported. The paper can be used for printing and writing and is promising for the permanent and safe storage of information, such as archives and important documents. The HAP paper is also an excellent and recyclable adsorbent for organic pollutants.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Valent Neptunium(IV/V) Compound with Cation—Cation‐Bound Six‐Membered Neptunyl Rings.
Authors: Jin Geng Bang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNaxNpIV(NpVO2)6 (OH)1+xCl9(H2O)8‐x (0 < x ≤ 1) is synthesized by evaporation of a neptunium(V) acidic (HCl) stock solution over several months to complete dryness.
ChemInform Abstract: DFT Calculations of Electronic and Transport Properties of Substituted Mn4Si7.
Authors: Allam A. , Boulet P. , Record M.‐C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractElectronic and transport properties of substituted Mn4Si7 are evaluated by DFT calculations with Co, Mo, Ru, Rh, Cd, Ir, and Sb, Te, Pb, Bi as substituents for Mn and Si, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductivity in the Narrow‐Gap Semiconductor CsBi4Te6.
Authors: Malliakas Christos D. , Chung Duck Young , Claus Helmut , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractCentimeter‐sized crystals of the title compound are prepared by reaction of Bi2Te3 with Cs in the vapor phase at 670 °C followed by melting and slow cooling.
ChemInform Abstract: On the 500 °C Isothermal Section of the Ternary Eu—Ag—Ga System up to 33.3 at.% Eu.
Authors: Verbovytskyy Yu. , Pereira M. F. C. , Goncalves A. P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe isothermal section of the ternary Eu‐Ag‐Ga system is studied at 500 °C for the 0‐33.3 at.% Eu concentration region.
ChemInform Abstract: Two Isostructural 3D Metal—Organic Frameworks Constructed from 1D [H2Mo4O14]n2n‐ Chains and the Flexible Bis‐pyridyl‐bis‐amide Ligand.
Authors: Lin Hongyan , Xu Chuang , Wang Xiuli , Chang Zhihan , Tian Aixiang , Liu Guocheng , Zhang Juwen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe new isostructural compounds (IIIa, b) crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 1 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Environmentally Benign Deprotection of Dithioacetals Using 30% Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Fe(acac)3 and Sodium Iodide.
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Suzuki Satoshi , Ishizuka Yuki , Yamazaki Kento , Matsushima Ryoji , Suzuki Takaya , Iwai Toshiaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction of dithioacetals with excess aqueous hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of iron(III) acetylacetonate and sodium iodide efficiently produces the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydroxylic Additives Enhance Yield and Scalability of Silicon‐Directed Nazarov Reaction.
Authors: Joy Shaon , Nakanishi Waka , West F. G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions including methanol or water as additives allow the Nazarov cyclization of silyldienone substrates which are previously shown to be low yielding or completely unreactive under conventional conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Cyclobutenes Based on β‐Polyfluoroalkyl β‐Keto Sulfones, Sulfamides, and Phosphonates.
Authors: Timoshenko Vadim M. , Markitanov Yuriy M. , Shermolovich Yuriy G. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTitle compounds of type (I) react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) and triphenyl phosphine to give cyclobutenes of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Part 7. Abietane‐Based Adamantylimidazolium Salts.
Authors: Gorbunov A. A. , Denisov M. S. , Karmanov V. I. , Glushkov V. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe title compounds are tested as ligands in Sonogashira coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel C2‐Symmetric Bis‐Oxazoline Ligands.
Authors: Veselovsky V. V. , Lozanova A. V. , Mistryukov E. A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo newly synthesized chiral catalysts are tested in the enantioselective Henry reaction of aldehyde (I) with nitromethane (II) to give the corresponding alcohol albeit with poor enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazolyl‐Phosphine Hydrochloride Salts: Effective Auxiliary Ligands for Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Nitrile Hydration Reactions and Related Amide Bond Forming Processes in Water.
Authors: Garcia‐Alvarez Rocio , Zablocka Maria , Crochet Pascale , Duhayon Carine , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Cadierno Victorio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA novel ruthenium thiazolyl‐phosphine complex is prepared and successfully applied as a catalyst for the synthesis of amides from nitriles, aldoximes, and aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C—H/C—H Cross‐Coupling of 2,3‐Substituted Indolines with Arenes at the C7 Position.
Authors: Jiao Lin‐Yu , Oestreich Martin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractYield of these reactions is determined by GC‐analysis using an internal standard.
ChemInform Abstract: Porous Material‐Immobilized Iodo‐Bodipy as an Efficient Photocatalyst for Photoredox Catalytic Organic Reaction to Prepare Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline.
Authors: Guo Song , Zhang Hongli , Huang Ling , Guo Zhendong , Xiong Guang , Zhao Jianzhang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction is conducted with visible light.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Biologically Active Amides and Amines with Fluorine‐Containing Heterocycles. Part 7. Fluorine‐Containing Heterocyclic Derivatives of the Acetazolamide.
Authors: Sokolov V. B. , Aksinenko A. Yu. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract6 Fluorine‐containing heterocyclic derivatives of acetazolamide of type (V), (VII), or (VIII) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,4‐Dihydroisonicotinic Acid and Its Derivatives.
Authors: Goba I. , Turovska B. , Belyakov S. , Liepinsh E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds bearing cyano and acetyl groups in positions C‐3 and C‐5 using a three‐component Hantzsch reaction and their transformation into esters are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Analysis of the Interaction of Human Serum Albumin with Tricationic Phosphorus Porphyrins Bearing Axial Pyridinio Groups
Authors: Matsumoto Jin , Kubo Tomoya , Shinbara Tomohiko , Matsuda Naomi , Shiragami Tsutomu , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReview: 37 refs.
Climate change and the population collapse during the “Great Famine” in pre‐industrial Europe
Authors: Lima Mauricio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPopulation dynamics, economy, and human demography started with Malthus, the idea that population growth is limited by resources and “positive checks” occur when population growth overshoots the available resources. In fact, historical evidence indicates that long‐term climate changes have destabilized civilizations and caused population collapses via food shortages, diseases, and wars. One of the worst population collapses of human societies occurred during the early fourteenth century in northern Europe; the “Great Famine” was the consequence of the dramatic effects of climate deterioration on human population growth. Thus, part of my motivation was to demonstrate that simple theoretical‐based models can be helpful in understanding the causes of population change in preindustrial societies. Here, the results suggest that a logistic model with temperature as a “lateral” perturbation effect is the key element for explaining the population collapse exhibited by the European population during the “Great Famine”.
Worsening renal function during renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor initiation and long‐term outcomes in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction
Authors: Clark Hannah , Krum Henry , Hopper Ingrid 
Published: January 2014

AimsImpaired renal function is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors provide clinical benefit in these settings and often worsen renal function. It is not clear whether worsening renal function (WRF) in patients exposed to these agents predicts a worse prognosis or merely reflects the pharmacological action of the drug on the kidney.Methods and resultsWe performed a meta‐analysis of all RAAS inhibitor LVSD trials reporting on outcomes according to WRF (as per individual study definition) in both active intervention and placebo groups. Five major studies (SOLVD, SAVE, RALES, Val‐HeFT and EPHESUS) contributed, with 20 573 patients. Compared with placebo, RAAS inhibitors reduced all‐cause mortality overall [n = 20 573, relative risk ratio (RR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86–0.95, P = 0.0003], in the group with no WRF (n = 18 209, RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83–0.99, P = 0.04), and in the WRF group (n = 2364, RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.62–0.84, P < 0.0001). Compared with no WRF, WRF was associated with increased all‐cause mortality; however, this was less in the RAAS inhibitor group (n = 8905, RR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10–1.36, P = 0.0003) than in the placebo group (n = 9304, RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.37–1.69, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsWRF shortly after randomization is associated with worsened outcomes compared with no WRF; however, the reduction in all‐cause mortality associated with the use of RAAS inhibitors was significantly greater in the presence of WRF than in the no WRF group. Clinicians should not be deterred from using RAAS inhibitors in the setting of WRF.
Structural and Thermal Characterization of the Incorporation of Lithium into ZnO
Authors: Pavlyuk Volodymyr , Misztal Renata , Ciesielski Wojciech 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe process of the incorporation of lithium atoms into the binary oxide ZnO and the structure of the ternary phase Li2xZn1–xO have been investigated experimentally (by means of X‐ray single‐crystal and powder diffraction analyses, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry) and theoretically (electronic structure calculations with the program TB‐LMTO‐ASA, TB‐LMTO = tight‐binding linear muffin‐tin orbital). The formation of the disordered Li2xZn1–xO phase occurs under the action of two processes: the inclusion of additional lithium atoms at the 2a site (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0.124) and the the partial substitution of zinc atoms by lithium atoms at the 2b site (x = 1/3, y = 2/3, z = 0.379). At temperatures higher than 700 °C, the ternary phase begins to decompose.
On the Mechanism of Reduction of Maleate Ions by NiI Complexes with Tetraazamacrocyclic Ligands in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Schutz Osnat , Masarwa Alexandra , Zilbermann Israel , Maimon Eric , Cohen Haim , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRecently, it was shown that NiI and CoI complexes with tetraazamacrocyclic ligands [namely, trans‐III‐NiIL3+ (L3 = 1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane), NiIcyclam and rac‐CoIL1+ (L1 = 5,7,7,12,14,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradeca‐4,11‐diene, dien)] reduce maleate ions in aqueous solutions. It was decided to expand the study to further NiILi+ complexes. In the present study, the reactions of rac‐NiIL1+ and meso‐NiIL2+ (L2 = 5,5,7,12,12,14‐hexamethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) with maleate ions were investigated. The effect of the addition of maleic acid to aqueous solutions containing these low‐valent metal complexes, prepared by the pulse radiolysis technique, was studied. The d→π* complexes formed between monovalent nickel complexes and maleate ions were detected and characterised by UV/Vis spectroscopy. The nature of the final products formed depends strongly on the nature of the metal and the ligand. Detailed mechanisms of the reduction processes are proposed and compared with those previously reported. The results indicate that the electronic configuration of the central cation as well as the reduction potential of the complex and steric hindrance induced by the ligand affect the reduction mechanism of maleate ions by these analogous complexes.
α‐Nitro Epoxides in Organic Synthesis: Development of a One‐Pot Organocatalytic Strategy for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines
Authors: Ibrahim Mohammad M. , Grau Dominik , Hampel Frank , Tsogoeva Svetlana B. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA new strategy for the synthesis of biologically active quinoxalines by using versatile α‐nitro epoxides as starting compounds has been developed. In addition, the in situ organocatalytic epoxidation of electron‐poor nitro olefins followed by condensation with 1,2‐phenylenediamines to provide quinoxalines in one pot has been demonstrated.
[8+2] Formal Cycloaddition Reactions of Tropones with Azlactones under Brønsted Acid Catalysis and Synthesis of α‐(2‐Tropyl), α‐Alkyl α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Esteban Francisco , Alfaro Ricardo , Yuste Francisco , Parra Alejandro , Ruano José Luis García , Alemán José 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe reaction of tropones with azlactones catalyzed by Brønsted acids affords a variety of dihydro‐2H‐cyclohepta[b]furan derivatives, corresponding to a formal [8+2] cycloaddition process. They can easily be opened by nucleophiles to afford a new type of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid (or peptide) containing seven‐membered rings at the quaternary position.
Does physical activity reduce burden in carers of people with dementia? A literature review
Authors: Orgeta Vasiliki , Miranda‐Castillo Claudia 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesPhysical exercise has been associated with a range of positive outcomes including improvements in psychological well‐being. The aim of the present study was to review current evidence on the effects of physical activity interventions for carers of people with dementia.MethodsSystematic review. We searched electronic databases and key articles of studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of physical activity interventions in improving psychological well‐being in carers of people with dementia. Relevant papers were scored according to established criteria set by the Cochrane Review Group. Selection criteria for studies were a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, and comparing physical activity with a control group receiving no specific physical activity intervention. Two reviewers worked independently to select trials, extract data, and assess risk of bias.ResultsA total of four RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Studies evaluated home‐based supervised physical activity of low to moderate intensity, which included either aerobic exercise, or endurance training. Pooled data showed that physical activity reduced subjective caregiver burden in carers, standardized mean difference −0.43; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.81 to −0.04, in comparison to a control group of usual care.ConclusionsThere is evidence from two RCTs that physical activity reduces subjective caregiver burden for carers of people with dementia. Although statistically significant, the observed benefits should be interpreted with caution as the studies conducted so far have limitations. Further high‐quality trials are needed for evaluating the effectiveness of physical activity in improving psychological well‐being in carers of people with dementia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.