bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lack of the scavenger receptor CD36 alters microglial phenotypes after neonatal stroke
Authors: Li Fan , Faustino Joel , Woo Moon‐Sook , Derugin Nikita , Vexler Zinaida S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe stage of brain development at the time of stroke has a major impact on the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic damage, including the neuroinflammatory response. Microglial cells have been shown to contribute to acute and subchronic injury in adult stroke models, whereas in neonatal rodents we showed that microglial cells serve as endogenous neuroprotectants early following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, limiting neuroinflammation and injury. In the neonate, microglial depletion or lack of the scavenger receptor CD36 exacerbates injury. In this study we asked if lack of CD36 affects microglial phenotypes after neonatal stroke. Using RT‐PCR we characterized the patterns of gene expression in microglia isolated from injured regions following acute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in postnatal day 10 mice and showed that expression of several pro‐inflammatory genes, including Toll‐like receptors, remains largely unaffected in activated microglia in injured regions. Using multiple biochemical assays we demonstrated that lack of CD36 alters several functions of microglia in acutely injured neonatal brain: it further enhances accumulation of the chemokine MCP‐1, affects the number of CD11b+/CD45+ cells, along with protein expression of its co‐receptor, Toll‐like receptor 2, but does not affect accumulation of superoxide in microglia or the cytokines TNFα and IL‐1β in injured regions.
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Microglial cells contribute to acute and sub‐chronic injury in adult stroke models, whereas in neonatal rodents they serve as endogenous neuroprotectants early following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO), limiting neuroinflammation and injury. In the neonate, microglial depletion or lack of the scavenger receptor CD36 exacerbates injury. In this study we asked if lack of CD36 affects microglial phenotypes after neonatal stroke. Expression of several pro‐inflammatory genes, including Toll‐like receptors (TLR), remains largely unaffected in activated microglia in injured regions. Lack of CD36 alters several functions of microglia in acutely injured neonatal brain: it affects, among others, protein expression of its co‐receptor, TLR2, but does not affect accumulation of superoxide in microglia or the cytokines TNFα and IL‐1β in injured regions. We propose that TLR2 function (2&3) in part depends on CD36 function (2).
Genes associated with Parkinson's disease: regulation of autophagy and beyond
Authors: Beilina Alexandra , Cookson Mark R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSubstantial progress has been made in the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In particular, by identifying genes that segregate with inherited PD or show robust association with sporadic disease, and by showing the same genes are found on both lists, we have generated an outline of the cause of this condition. Here, we will discuss what those genes tell us about the underlying biology of PD. We specifically discuss the relationships between protein products of PD genes and show that common links include regulation of the autophagy–lysosome system, an important way by which cells recycle proteins and organelles. We also discuss whether all PD genes should be considered to be in the same pathway and propose that in some cases the relationships are closer, whereas in other cases the interactions are more distant and might be considered separate.
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Beilina and Cookson review the links between genes for Parkinson's disease (red) and the autophagy–lysosomal system. They propose the hypothesis that many of the known PD genes can be assigned to pathways that affect (I) turnover of mitochondria via mitophagy (II) turnover of several vesicular structures via macroautophagy or chaperone‐mediated autophagy or (III) general lysosome function.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Circulating chromosome 19 miRNA cluster microRNAs in pregnant women with severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Miura Kiyonori , Higashijima Ai , Murakami Yuko , Tsukamoto Ozora , Hasegawa Yuri , Abe Shuhei , Fuchi Naoki , Miura Shoko , Kaneuchi Masanori , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimTo clarify the association between circulating chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) microRNAs in maternal plasma and severe pre‐eclampsia.MethodMaternal blood samples (7 mL) at 27–34 weeks of gestation were obtained from 20 pregnant women with severe pre‐eclampsia (sPE group) and from 20 uncomplicated pregnant women (NP group). Twenty cases of severe pre‐eclampsia were classified into late onset (sPELO group; n = 14) and early onset (sPEEO group; n = 6). Plasma concentration of C19MC microRNAs (miR‐518b, ‐1323, ‐516b, ‐516a‐5p, ‐525‐5p, ‐515‐5p, ‐520 h, ‐520a‐5p, ‐519d and ‐526b) was measured on quantitative real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe circulating levels of all 10 C19MC microRNAs in maternal plasma were significantly increased in the sPE group compared with the NP group. Plasma concentration of all 10 C19MC microRNAs tested was significantly increased in the sPEEO group compared with the NP group, while plasma concentration of nine miRNAs, except for miR‐519d, was significantly increased in the sPELO group compared with the NP group. Of the 10 C19MC microRNAs measured, plasma concentration of eight miRNAs, except for miR‐518b and miR‐519d, was significantly increased in the sPEEO group compared with the sPELO group.ConclusionsIncreased levels of C19MC microRNAs in maternal plasma are a characteristic phenomenon of established severe pre‐eclampsia, and it has been shown for the first time that the upregulation of C19MC miRNAs occurred as a consequence of, not in advance of, the onset of pre‐eclampsia.
External iliac artery thrombosis after common iliac artery balloon occlusion during cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta in cervico‐isthmic pregnancy
Authors: Matsueda Sayaka , Hidaka Nobuhiro , Kondo Yukiko , Fujiwara Arisa , Fukushima Kotaro , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough the role of interventional radiology in the field of obstetrical hemorrhage has been widely reported upon recently, the rate of procedure‐related complications has not been fully determined. We present the case of a patient who developed an external iliac artery thrombosis, a rarely reported complication associated with prophylactic common iliac artery balloon occlusion (CIABO). After CIABO, we found that the dorsalis pedis artery of the right foot was weak and the foot was cold, despite the fact that the patient had no complaints. Computed tomography demonstrated a linear thrombus in the right external iliac artery. We managed the patient conservatively using a heparin drip without the need for thromboembolectomy. Our experience suggests that it is important to consider the risk of thrombosis formation after CIABO. Physical examination post‐procedure is key to identifying this complication early.
Prenatal diagnosis and follow‐up of a case of branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome displays renal growth impairment after the second trimester
Authors: Bertucci Emma , Mazza Vincenzo , Lugli Licia , Ferrari Fabrizio , Stanghellini Ilaria , Percesepe Antonio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBranchio‐oto‐renal syndrome combines branchial arch defects, hearing impairment and renal malformations or hypoplasia. Due to the high phenotypic variability, prenatal diagnosis has a limited prognostic value in mutation‐positive cases. We report the first branchio‐oto‐renal syndrome molecular prenatal diagnosis and ultrasonographic follow‐up, showing a normal renal growth until the 24th week of pregnancy, a growth deceleration during the third trimester and a renal volume recovery during the first months of life.
Circulating annexin A5 predicts mortality in patients with heart failure
Authors: Schurgers L. J. , Burgmaier M. , Ueland T. , Schutters K. , Aakhus S. , Hofstra L. , Gullestad L. , Aukrust P. , Hellmich M. , Narula J. , Reutelingsperger C. P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundNatriuretic peptides are currently used to predict mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, novel independent biomarkers are needed to improve risk stratification in these patients. We hypothesized that annexin A5 (anxA5) would be highly expressed by organs which are generally affected by HF and that circulating anxA5 levels would predict mortality in HF patients.MethodsWe prospectively determined the diagnostic value of anxA5, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) to predict mortality in 180 HF patients during a median follow‐up of 3.6 years. Studies were conducted with anxA5−/− mice to investigate the underlying mechanisms.ResultsAnxA5 levels were significantly elevated in HF patients compared to healthy control subjects. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that anxA5, NT‐proBNP and eGFR all predict mortality independently. AnxA5 significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency of NT‐proBNP alone (improvement of c‐statistic from 0.662 to 0.705, P < 0.001) and also combined with eGFR and CRP (improvement of c‐statistic from 0.675 to 0.738, P < 0.001) to predict mortality in the Cox regression model. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that anxA5 predicted 3‐year survival (area under curve 0.708) with an optimal cut‐off value of 2.24 ng mL−1. Using anxA5−/− mice, we demonstrated that anxA5 is highly expressed in organs that are often affected by HF including lung, kidney, liver and spleen. Lysis of these organs in vitro resulted in a marked and significant increase in anxA5 concentrations.ConclusionAnxA5 improves the diagnostic efficiency of conventional biomarkers to predict mortality in HF patients. Whereas natriuretic peptides originate from the myocardium, high circulating anxA5 levels in patients with HF are likely to reflect peripheral organ damage secondary to HF.
What Factors Affect the Persistence of an Innovation Advantage?
Authors: Madsen Tammy L. , Leiblein Michael J. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTFactors that affect a firm's ability to achieve an advantage may differ from those that affect its ability to sustain that advantage. Moreover, if advantage is a relative concept then studies that relate resource stocks to ‘absolute’ outcomes say little about how resources contribute to enduring differences among firms. We explore these issues in the global semiconductor industry by analyzing how a firm's resource stocks contribute to the persistence of an innovation advantage (a relative outcome). The findings demonstrate that a firm's own production experience and the experience held by its partners contribute to temporary innovation advantages. The results also show that a firm's own production experience yields a more durable innovation advantage as compared to the experience held by a firm's partners and that the experience held by a firm's partners provides a more enduring advantage than a firm's patent stock.
1.688 g/cm3 satellite‐related repeats: a missing link to dosage compensation and speciation
Authors: Gallach Miguel 
Published: July 2015

Despite the important progress that has been made on dosage compensation (DC), a critical link in our understanding of the X chromosome recognition mechanisms is still missing. Recent studies in Drosophila indicate that the missing link could be a family of DNA repeats populating the euchromatin of the X chromosome. In this opinion article, I discuss how these findings add a new fresh twist on the DC problem. In the following sections, I first summarize our understanding of DC in Drosophila and integrate these recent discoveries into our knowledge of the X chromosome recognition problem. Next, I introduce a model according to which, 1.688 g/cm3 satellite‐related (SR) repeats would be the primary recognition elements for the dosage compensation complex. Contrary to the current belief, I suggest that the DC system in Drosophila is not conserved and static, but it is continuously co‐evolving with the target SR repeats. The potential role of the SR repeats in hybrid incompatibilities and speciation is also discussed.
The complex phylogeography of the Indo‐Malayan Alophoixus bulbuls with the description of a putative new ring species complex
Authors: Fuchs Jérôme , Ericson Per G.P. , Bonillo Céline , Couloux Arnaud , Pasquet Eric 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Indo‐Malayan bioregion has provided some of the most spectacular discoveries of new vertebrate species (e.g. saola, khanyou, bare‐faced bulbul) over the last 25 years. Yet, very little is known about the processes that led to the current biodiversity in this region. We reconstructed the phylogeographic history of a group of closely related passerines, the Alophoixus bulbuls. These birds are continuously distributed in Indo‐Malaya around the Thailand lowlands such that their distribution resembles a ring. Our analyses revealed a single colonization event of the mainland from Sundaland with sequential divergence of taxa from southwest to northeast characterized by significant gene flow between parapatric taxa, and reduced or ancient gene flow involving the two taxa at the extremities of the ring. We detected evidence of population expansion in two subspecies, including one that was involved in the closing of the ring. Hence, our analyses indicate that the diversification pattern of Alophoixus bulbuls fits a ring species model driven by geographic isolation. To our knowledge, the Alophoixus bulbuls represent the first case of a putative broken ring species complex in Indo‐Malaya. We also discuss the implications of our results on our understanding of the biogeography in Indo‐Malaya.
Fifteen years of genomewide scans for selection: trends, lessons and unaddressed genetic sources of complication
Authors: Haasl Ryan J. , Payseur Bret A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGenomewide scans for natural selection (GWSS) have become increasingly common over the last 15 years due to increased availability of genome‐scale genetic data. Here, we report a representative survey of GWSS from 1999 to present and find that (i) between 1999 and 2009, 35 of 49 (71%) GWSS focused on human, while from 2010 to present, only 38 of 83 (46%) of GWSS focused on human, indicating increased focus on nonmodel organisms; (ii) the large majority of GWSS incorporate interpopulation or interspecific comparisons using, for example FST, cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity or the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions; (iii) most GWSS focus on detection of directional selection rather than other modes such as balancing selection; and (iv) in human GWSS, there is a clear shift after 2004 from microsatellite markers to dense SNP data. A survey of GWSS meant to identify loci positively selected in response to severe hypoxic conditions support an approach to GWSS in which a list of a priori candidate genes based on potential selective pressures are used to filter the list of significant hits a posteriori. We also discuss four frequently ignored determinants of genomic heterogeneity that complicate GWSS: mutation, recombination, selection and the genetic architecture of adaptive traits. We recommend that GWSS methodology should better incorporate aspects of genomewide heterogeneity using empirical estimates of relevant parameters and/or realistic, whole‐chromosome simulations to improve interpretation of GWSS results. Finally, we argue that knowledge of potential selective agents improves interpretation of GWSS results and that new methods focused on correlations between environmental variables and genetic variation can help automate this approach.
Habitat use by southern right whales, Eubalaena australis (Desmoulins, 1822), in their main northernmost calving area in the western South Atlantic
Authors: Seyboth Elisa , Groch Karina R. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Dalla Rosa Luciano 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe subtropical and temperate coastal waters of the western South Atlantic are an important calving ground for southern right whales, Eubalaena australis. From 2002 to 2008, data on right whale distribution and habitat characteristics were collected in 14 bays along the coastline of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Generalized linear models with a negative binomial error distribution were used to determine which environmental (beach morphotype, bay mouth width, bay inclination angle, north‐south and east‐west wind components), and temporal (month and year) variables best explained the aggregation pattern of individuals. Our results suggested that both cow‐calf pairs and adults unaccompanied by calves prefer bays with dissipative beaches, and that cow‐calf pairs apparently avoid bays facing southeast during days of strong east‐west winds. The number of sightings peaked in September and tended to increase over the study period. One particular embayment (Ribanceira beach) had considerably higher numbers of animals and may be considered a preferred spot in this calving ground. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the species' habitat use and ecological requirements and should be taken into account if new management measures are implemented to further increase protection of southern right whales in the region.
Pleiotropy and the evolution of floral integration
Authors: Smith Stacey D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryFloral traits often show correlated variation, both within and across species. One explanation for this pattern of floral integration is that different elements of floral phenotypes are controlled by the same genes, that is, that the genetic architecture is pleiotropic. Recent studies from a range of model systems suggest that the pleiotropy is common among the loci responsible for floral divergence. Moreover, the effects of allelic substitutions at these loci are overwhelmingly aligned with direction of divergence, suggesting that the nature of the pleiotropic effects was adaptive. Molecular genetic studies have revealed the functional basis for some of these effects, although much remains to be discovered with respect to the molecular, biochemical and developmental mechanisms underlying most quantitative trait loci (QTL) responsible for floral differences. Developing a detailed understanding of the nature of pleiotropic mutations and their phenotypic consequences is crucial for modeling how the genetic architecture of trait variation influences the tempo and trajectory of floral evolution.

Contents

Summary
80

I.
Introduction
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II.
Extent and nature of pleiotropy in floral trait architecture
81

III.
The evolution of pleiotropy
83

IV.
Pleiotropy as an impediment or facilitator of phenotypic evolution
83

Acknowledgements
84

References
84
Prevalence of Chronic Pain in a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System in the U.S.A
Authors: Lamerato Lois E. , Dryer Richard D. , Wolff Greg G. , Hegeman‐Dingle Rozelle , Mardekian Jack , Park Peter W. , Zlateva Gergana 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of published data on the prevalence of chronic pain conditions within large, integrated healthcare organizations in the U.S.A. Such data are essential to inform the development of appropriate treatment programs.MethodsTwenty‐five selected pain conditions were used to identify patients receiving care within the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) who were enrolled in the Health Alliance Plan (HAP), a subsidiary of HFHS. Patients aged ≥ 18 years, enrolled in HAP in 2010, and having ≥ 2 encounters, ≥ 30 days apart, with an ICD‐9‐CM diagnosis code for a pain condition of interest during 2010 were counted. Variables included in the study were as follows: age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and Charlson comorbidity conditions and index score.ResultsAltogether, 14,784 persons (11.6% of the total adult population) met the criteria for having a chronic pain condition. Overall, the study population was 64.4% female and had mean age (SD) of 61.2 (15.6) years and mean BMI of 31.4 (7.2) kg/m2. Musculoskeletal pain conditions were the most common diagnoses, comprising 75.4% of all pain diagnoses. Diabetes and chronic pulmonary disease were the most common medical comorbidities.ConclusionsIn this comprehensive analysis of 2 years of data from a large, vertically integrated metropolitan health system, chronic pain was identified in 12% of adult patients. Approximately 75% of chronic pain conditions were musculoskeletal. The triad of age ≥ 60 years, BMI ≥ 30, and female sex were the most salient demographic characteristics of patients with chronic pain conditions. These diagnostic and demographic data may be used to inform treatment program development.
Hypertrophic Lichenoid Eruption in a Child Successfully Treated Using Acitretin and Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Geng Songmei , Liu Yanting , Wang Hao , Yan Huling , Niu Xinwu , Toyohara Jennifer P. , Xiao Shengxiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA 9‐year‐old boy presented with a history of keratotic violaceous plaques on the limbs and face for 8 years that had gradually progressed to erosive nodules on the extremities for 2 years. Several biopsies revealed hyperkeratosis, liquefactive degeneration of the basal layer, and a bandlike predominantly lymphocytic infiltrate. Based on the clinical and histologic findings, the patient was diagnosed with keratosis lichenoides chronica, a rare chronic dermatosis that is particularly uncommon in childhood. There are fewer than 20 reported cases of pediatric‐onset keratosis lichenoides chronica in the current literature, with occurrence of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of primary keratosis lichenoides chronica lesions being even rarer. Here we present a unique pediatric‐onset case accompanied by pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia that posed a significant treatment challenge to dermatologists. Significant improvement in the pseudoepitheliomatous skin lesions was achieved after treatment with oral acitretin capsules and surgical excision with skin grafting.
A Sample Selection Model with Skew‐normal Distribution
Authors: Ogundimu Emmanuel O. , Hutton Jane L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNon‐random sampling is a source of bias in empirical research. It is common for the outcomes of interest (e.g. wage distribution) to be skewed in the source population. Sometimes, the outcomes are further subjected to sample selection, which is a type of missing data, resulting in partial observability. Thus, methods based on complete cases for skew data are inadequate for the analysis of such data and a general sample selection model is required. Heckman proposed a full maximum likelihood estimation method under the normality assumption for sample selection problems, and parametric and non‐parametric extensions have been proposed. We generalize Heckman selection model to allow for underlying skew‐normal distributions. Finite‐sample performance of the maximum likelihood estimator of the model is studied via simulation. Applications illustrate the strength of the model in capturing spurious skewness in bounded scores, and in modelling data where logarithm transformation could not mitigate the effect of inherent skewness in the outcome variable.