bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sphingomyelin distribution in lipid rafts of artificial monolayer membranes visualized by Raman microscopy
Authors: Ando Jun , Kinoshita Masanao , Cui Jin , Yamakoshi Hiroyuki , Dodo Kosuke , Fujita Katsumasa , Murata Michio , Sodeoka Mikiko 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Phase separation in lipid rafts has been observed with fluorescently labeled lipids, but they are often excluded from the ordered domain because of the steric effect of the bulky fluorophore on lipid packing, making it difficult to analyze the interior of the raft domain. Here, we synthesized an analog of sphingomyelin tagged with a small Raman active diyne moiety, which provides high chemical selectivity without affecting the membrane properties. Raman microscopy successfully visualized, at single lipid-layer sensitivity, a heterogeneous spatial distribution of this probe within raft-like ordered domains, which was different from the generally accepted raft model. This approach provides both chemical selectivity and quantitative imaging capability and is useful for functional studies of lipid rafts.
Alternative splicing of the androgen receptor in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Wang Fangfang , Pan Jiexue , Liu Ye , Meng Qing , Lv Pingping , Qu Fan , Ding Guo-Lian , Klausen Christian , Leung Peter C. K. , Chan Hsiao Chang , Yao Weimiao , Zhou Cai-Yun , Shi Biwei , Zhang Junyu , Sheng Jianzhong , Huang Hefeng 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Excess androgens and abnormal follicle development, largely due to ovarian granulosa cell (GC) dysfunction, characterize polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrinopathy of women predisposing to infertility. Thus, it is important to understand GC dysfunction. The androgen receptor (AR) is widely believed to be an essential regulator of GC biology. High expression of AR in GCs is primarily considered to associate with PCOS. However, we show that AR alternative splice variants in GCs disturb androgen metabolism and follicle growth, leading to PCOS because of impaired transcription factor function. These data considerably change our understanding of the role of AR in the etiology of PCOS, and inform the development of clinical diagnostic and classification tests as well as novel therapeutic interventions.
Coding of envelopes by correlated but not single-neuron activity requires neural variability
Authors: Metzen Michael G. , Jamali Mohsen , Carriot Jérome , Ávila-Ǻkerberg Oscar , Cullen Kathleen E. , Chacron Maurice J. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
We provide the first experimental evidence (to our knowledge) that correlated population activity can serve as an extra channel to encode second-order features of sensory input in both the electrosensory and vestibular systems. Through further experiments and mathematical modeling, we show that such coding not only requires but is also optimally tuned to a nonzero level of variability. Finally, we demonstrate that only physiologically realistic decoding circuits that explicitly include the contributions of pairwise neural activity can reliably be used to reconstruct the envelope. Our results reveal new functional roles for correlated activity and neural variability that are generally applicable across systems and species.
Plethora of transitions during breakup of liquid filaments
Authors: Castrejón-Pita José Rafael , Castrejón-Pita Alfonso Arturo , Thete Sumeet Suresh , Sambath Krishnaraj , Hutchings Ian M. , Hinch John , Lister John R. , Basaran Osman A. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Fluid flows, governed by nonlinear equations, permit formation of singularities. Often, singularities are artifacts of neglecting physical effects. However, free-surface flows exhibit observable singularities including filament pinch-off. As filaments thin, slightly (highly) viscous filaments are expected from theory to transition from an inertial (viscous) regime where viscosity (density) is negligible to an inertial–viscous regime where viscous and inertial effects are important. Previous works show this transition either does not occur or occurs for filament radii well below theoretical predictions. We demonstrate that thinning filaments unexpectedly pass through a number of intermediate transient regimes, thereby delaying onset of the final regime. The findings raise the question if similar dynamical transitions arise in problems that are not necessarily hydrodynamic in nature.
A comprehensive method for detecting ubiquitinated substrates using TR-TUBE
Authors: Yoshida Yukiko , Saeki Yasushi , Murakami Arisa , Kawawaki Junko , Tsuchiya Hikaru , Yoshihara Hidehito , Shindo Mayumi , Tanaka Keiji 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The identification of specific ubiquitin ligase–substrate pairs is crucial for understanding the roles of protein ubiquitination in the regulation of diverse biological processes. Despite the development of various methodologies for substrate identification, it remains challenging to determine ubiquitin ligase substrates. Based on previously described tandem ubiquitin-binding entity(ies) (TUBE), we designed the trypsin-resistant (TR)-TUBE for expression in cells. The coexpression of TR-TUBE with an ubiquitin ligase stabilizes the ubiquitinated substrates by masking the ubiquitin chains. Using a combination of two strategies for enriching ubiquitinated substrates, TR-TUBE and anti–Lys-ε-Gly-Gly antibody, we successfully identified specific ubiquitin ligase–substrate pairs. Our methodology provides an effective means for the identification of ubiquitin ligase substrates and the detection of ubiquitin ligase activity.
RNA-binding protein hnRNPLL regulates mRNA splicing and stability during B-cell to plasma-cell differentiation
Authors: Chang Xing , Li Bin , Rao Anjana 
Published: April 2015

SignificancePlasma cells produce immunoglobulin and provide long-lasting protective immunity. Differentiation of B cells to plasma cells is accompanied by major changes in gene expression, which are regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. We have used genome-wide methods to identify the binding sites and RNA targets of heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding protein LL (hnRNPLL), whose expression is up-regulated during B-cell to plasma-cell differentiation. In addition to its recognized function in promoting exon splicing, hnRNPLL shapes the transcriptome of plasma cells by regulating exon inclusion and promoting mRNA stability. hnRNPLL binds to preferred sequences in RNA and is critical for complete plasma-cell differentiation, by mediating the down-regulation of B-cell–specific transcription factors and maximizing immunoglobulin production.
dNTP pool levels modulate mutator phenotypes of error-prone DNA polymerase ε variants
Authors: Williams Lindsey N. , Marjavaara Lisette , Knowels Gary M. , Schultz Eric M. , Fox Edward J. , Chabes Andrei , Herr Alan J. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
An increased rate of mutation, or “mutator phenotype,” generates genetic diversity that can accelerate cancer progression or confer resistance to chemotherapy drugs. New therapeutic strategies are needed that target mutator phenotypes directly. Mutator phenotypes due to defects in DNA polymerase ε have been implicated in colorectal and endometrial cancers and may emerge in other cancers during treatment. Here, we show in budding yeast that such mutator phenotypes are influenced by the levels of dNTPs, the building blocks of DNA. Lowering dNTP pool levels lessens the mutator phenotypes, whereas increasing dNTP pools accentuates the mutator phenotypes. These findings suggest that mutator phenotypes due to error-prone polymerases may be modulated by treatments that target dNTP pools.
Continental crust beneath southeast Iceland
Authors: Torsvik Trond H. , Amundsen Hans E. F. , Trønnes Reidar G. , Doubrovine Pavel V. , Gaina Carmen , Kusznir Nick J. , Steinberger Bernhard , Corfu Fernando , Ashwal Lewis D. , Griffin William L. , Werner Stephanie C. , Jamtveit Bjørn 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceThe Iceland hotspot is widely thought to be the surface expression of a deep mantle plume from the core–mantle boundary that can be traced back in time at least 62 My. However, some lavas contain continental material, which has previously been proposed to have been recycled through the plume. Here, we argue that the plume split off a sliver of continent from Greenland in the Early Eocene. This sliver is now located beneath southeast Iceland where it locally contaminates some of the plume-derived magmas.
Chiral structures from achiral liquid crystals in cylindrical capillaries
Authors: Jeong Joonwoo , Kang Louis , Davidson Zoey S. , Collings Peter J. , Lubensky Tom C. , Yodh A. G. 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceNematic liquid crystals (LCs) are arguably the simplest examples of partially ordered condensed matter, and they are core materials in many commercial products. Our experiments explore fundamental questions about how chiral configurations of LCs can arise from achiral building blocks. Left- and right-handed chiral structures are produced by a delicate balance of LC bulk elasticity and surface conditions in confinement. The key experimental ingredients are biocompatible aqueous lyotropic chromonic LCs that twist easily. Combined with the new constraints, this class of achiral LC exhibits chiral structures and a rich assortment of defects, which hint at applications in sensing and optics.
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate regulate phagolysosome biogenesis
Authors: Jeschke Andreas , Zehethofer Nicole , Lindner Buko , Krupp Jessica , Schwudke Dominik , Haneburger Ina , Jovic Marko , Backer Jonathan M. , Balla Tamas , Hilbi Hubert , Haas Albert 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Phagocytes are key to innate immunity, as they ingest, kill, and degrade foreign particles, such as microbes. Particle uptake results in the formation of phagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes, the main degradative compartments in cells. Phagosome–lysosome fusion (PLF) is crucial for the degradation of phagosome contents and antigen presentation. Most pathogenic microbes that multiply within phagocytes and cause severe diseases (e.g. tuberculosis), prevent PLF. Deciphering the mechanisms that govern PLF will help to understand how phagocytic cells clear microbial infections and how pathogens evade being delivered to microbicidal phagolysosomes. Here, we identify specific phosphoinositide lipids [i.e. PI(4)P and PI(3)P] and the enzymes that produce them as regulators of PLF, which explains why these lipids are manipulated by some pathogens.
Using bimodal MRI/fluorescence imaging to identify host angiogenic response to implants
Authors: Berdichevski Alexandra , Simaan Yameen Haneen , Dafni Hagit , Neeman Michal , Seliktar Dror 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The current investigation applies a bimodal imaging technique to uncover a newfound appreciation for the mode of implantation as it relates to the vascularization events associated with proangiogenic therapy. We apply our ability to noninvasively track the precise in vivo fate of an implanted proangiogenic vehicle to show that the subsequent vascular network formation is related directly to the mode of implantation vis-à-vis the biodegradation and bioresorption profiles. The findings in this study uncover important insights about angiogenesis, noninvasive in vivo monitoring, and biomaterials design that should be very beneficial to a wide scientific audience in the regenerative medicine field.
Hedgehog signaling activates a positive feedback mechanism involving insulin-like growth factors to induce osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Shi Yu , Chen Jianquan , Karner Courtney M. , Long Fanxin 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is essential for embryonic bone formation in mammals. However, how Hh signaling executes the osteogenic function is not clear. We describe a positive feedback mechanism whereby Hh-Gli2 signaling induces expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), which signals via protein kinases mTORC2 and Akt to stabilize Gli2 and potentiate Hh induction of osteoblast differentiation. The Hh-Igf positive feedback loop may have general implications for Hh signaling in development and disease.
Analysis of cell division patterns in the
Arabidopsis
shoot apical meristem
Authors: Shapiro Bruce E. , Tobin Cory , Mjolsness Eric , Meyerowitz Elliot M. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Plant cells are incapable of sliding past each other, so generation of shape and structure in plant tissue is dependent on cells dividing and expanding in particular directions. Therefore, understanding how cells choose where to build new walls is critical in understanding how plant tissue is patterned. In the present study we expand on previous models of cell division to further understand what parameters of cell geometry and growth influence the position of new walls.
Memory, scene construction, and the human hippocampus
Authors: Kim Soyun , Dede Adam J. O. , Hopkins Ramona O. , Squire Larry R. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
It has been suggested that the primary role of the hippocampus is to construct spatial scenes and further that memory impairments following hippocampal damage may be attributed to spatial processing demands in memory tasks. Two types of tasks have contributed evidence to this perspective: boundary extension and scene imagination. Boundary extension refers to the phenomenon whereby a scene is remembered as having an expanded background. Imagination tasks ask participants to mentally construct scenes. We tested patients with hippocampal damage on both types of tasks. They were intact at both boundary extension and imagination, although they remembered the tasks poorly. These results support the traditional view that the human hippocampus is primarily important for memory.
Task-driven intra- and interarea communications in primate cerebral cortex
Authors: Tauste Campo Adrià , Martinez-Garcia Marina , Nácher Verónica , Luna Rogelio , Romo Ranulfo , Deco Gustavo 
Published: April 2015

Significance
How do multiple neurons communicate to solve a cognitive task? To answer this question, we investigate spike-train directional correlations across five primate cortical areas simultaneously recorded during a somatosensory discrimination task. Correlations are inferred using a nonparametric procedure that models spike trains as Markovian binary series and dynamically estimates the directed information between every neuron pair at different delays. We find that information processing during the discrimination task can be described by intra- and interarea decision-driven delayed correlations, which are no longer found when a monkey receives both stimuli but does not perform the task.
Balancing water resource conservation and food security in China
Authors: Dalin Carole , Qiu Huanguang , Hanasaki Naota , Mauzerall Denise L. , Rodriguez-Iturbe Ignacio 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Agriculture represents the largest water-consuming sector in China, while industry and cities are growing competitors. To sustain a rapidly increasing population with richer diets, high levels of food production have come at significant environmental costs, such as groundwater overdraft and soil degradation. As socioeconomic growth and the associated pressure on water resources continue to increase, it is crucial to evaluate the effects of water-saving measures on agriculture, food trade, and water resources. This article estimates China’s future food trade patterns and associated water transfers and quantifies the effects of targeted irrigated land reductions on water consumption and food self-sufficiency, accounting for production displacement and local water productivity. Our findings provide important insights to policy-makers on trade-offs between environmental and agricultural objectives.
Egg and Larval Development Index for Lake Sturgeon
Authors: Eckes Orey T , Aloisi Douglas B , Sandheinrich Mark B 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We developed an index of egg and larval maturation for Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens to incrementally chart development over time. To evaluate the relationship between temperature and development rate, eggs and larvae from the Wolf River were incubated at four constant water temperatures. The time required for neural tube closure, hatch, and exogenous feeding were monitored. The number of hours from incubation to each development stage and mean water temperature were related by predictive exponential regression equations for neural tube closure (R2 = 0.96), start hatch (R2 = 0.97), end hatch (R2 = 0.97), and exogenous feeding (R2 = 0.99). Calculated hourly development was used to create an index capable of predicting specific daily development. Daily development from incubation to exogenous feeding ranged from 2.0% to 8.3% at 10°C to 19.9°C. This index was used to predict the rate of development of sturgeon eggs and larvae from the St. Lawrence River reared in water with varying temperatures. All development stages occurred within 24 h of the time predicted by the index. This index may be used to accurately predict and manipulate the progress of development and assist with the culture and management of Lake Sturgeon populations.
The Effects of Diets Containing Standard Soybean Oil, Soybean Oil Enhanced with Conjugated Linoleic Acids, Menhaden Fish Oil, or an Algal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplement on Juvenile Channel Catfish Performance, Hematology, Body Composition, and Nonspecific Immune Response
Authors: Faukner Jimmy , Rawles Steven D , Sink Todd D , Lochmann Rebecca , Proctor Andrew , Chen Ruguang , Phillips Harold 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
To reduce diet cost and address environmental concerns, current commercial diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus contain little or no marine fish oil. However, there are conflicting data on the effects of fish oil and other lipid sources for juvenile Channel Catfish, and some novel lipids have not been tested against traditional ones. In this study, the effects of four different lipid sources for potential use in juvenile Channel Catfish diets were investigated by measuring fish growth performance, proximate and fatty acid composition of muscle, nonspecific immune response, and hematological parameters. In a 63-d feeding trial, juveniles (mean weight ± SE = 11.2 ± 0.0 g) were fed a commercial 32% protein diet supplemented with 2% lipid from standard soybean oil (SBO; control diet), SBO enriched with conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs; CLA diet), algal (Schizochytrium sp.) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) extract (DHA diet), or menhaden fish oil (MFO diet). Fish that were fed the MFO diet had improved feed conversion compared with fish that were fed the SBO, CLA, or DHA diet. There were no other differences in fish growth performance or proximate composition and no differences among treatments in nonspecific immune responses or hematological parameters. As expected, fatty acid composition of fish muscle reflected that of the diets: fish that received the MFO, DHA, or CLA diet contained higher levels of healthful fatty acids (DHA or CLAs) than fish that were given the SBO control diet. Future trials will address methods for (1) increasing target levels of these fatty acids by using diets with little or no fish oil and (2) optimizing retention of desirable fatty acids to facilitate the production of Channel Catfish as a high-value functional food.
Can surface oxygen abundances of red giants be explained by the canonical mixing theory?
Authors: Takeda Yoichi , Sato Bun'ei , Omiya Masashi , Harakawa Hiroki 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Extensive oxygen abundance determinations were carried out for 239 late-G/early-K giant stars of 1.5–5 M⊙ by applying the spectrum-fitting technique to O i 7771–5 and [O i] 6300/6363 lines based on the high-dispersion spectra in the red region newly obtained at the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. Our main purpose was to clarify whether any significantly large (≲ 0.4–0.5 dex) O-deficit really exists in these evolved stars, which was once suspected by Takeda et al. (2008, PASJ, 60, 781) from the analysis of the [O i] 5577 line, since it (if real) cannot be explained by the current theory and may require the necessity of special non-canonical deep mixing in the envelope. We found, however, that the previous [O/H]5577 results (differential abundances relative to the Sun) were systematically underestimated compared to the more reliable [O/H]7773 (from O i 7771–5 triplet lines) or [O/H]6300 (from [O i] 6300 line) obtained in this study. Comparing the updated [O/Fe] ratios with the theoretically predicted surface abundance changes caused by mixing of nuclear-processed products dredged-up from the interior, we concluded that the oxygen deficiency in these red giants is insignificantly marginal (only by ≲ 0.1 dex), which does not contradict the expectation from the recent theoretical simulation. This consequence of reasonable consistency between theory and observation also applies to the extent of peculiarity in [C/Fe] and [Na/Fe], which were also examined by re-analyzing the previous equivalent-width data of C i 5052/5380 and Na i 6160 lines.
High performance work system, HRD climate and organisational performance: an empirical study
Authors: Muduli Ashutosh 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to study the relationship between high-performance work system (HPWS) and organizational performance and to examine the role of human resource development (HRD) Climate in mediating the relationship between HPWS and the organizational performance in the context of the power sector of India.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical research paper has been conceptualized on the basis of extensive literature survey and examined through a case-based approach. Data and information collected to examine strength of the proposed hypothesis in the context of a power-based company in India.Findings– Agreeing with most of the research, HPWS is found to be positively related with organizational performance. The result does not agree with the HPWS research conducted in Asian countries. Taking clues from “Black Box” approach, the role of HRD Climate as a mediating factor has been studied. The result proved that HPWS influences organizational performance through a supportive development environment (HRD climate) based on openness, confrontation, trust, authenticity, proaction, autonomy, collaboration and experimentation (OCTAPAC).Research limitations/implications– Designing and implementing HPWS requires the organization to nurture and develop a suitable HRD climate through development of organizational culture based on OCTAPAC.Practical implications– Implications for HRD–HPWS practices such as group-based pay, decentralized participative decisions, self-managed work teams, social and family events, and appraisal based on team goals along with OCTAPAC culture can significantly contribute to the transfer climate by influencing both peer and supervisor. It can significantly contribute to training motivation by influencing both career and job attitudes, and organizational commitment of trainees.Originality/value– The research is unique in its attempt to understand the role HRD climate as intermediating variables to enhance the effectiveness of HPWS. This may add a lot of value in encouraging organizations to establish HRD Climate.