bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Anfänge des Christentums in Edessa
Authors: Tubach Jürgen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe first members of the Syriac speaking Church were not of pagan origin, but erstwhile Jews or sympathisers of the synagogue. Especially the category of the so called “god fearers” could easily change their religious community. They were not recognised as members of the synagogue, because they hesitated to join the covenant of Abraham in form of circumcision. When they became Christians, they kept the old religious vocabulary of the synagogue even in cases when terms typical for a Jewish community were totally obsolete. For this reason the religious vocabulary of the Church has kept several words often borrowed from Hebrew which were formerly in use in the Aramaic speaking synagogue
Cholinergic Modulation of Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in the Inferior Colliculus
Authors: Ayala Yaneri A. , Malmierca Manuel S. 
Published: September 2015

Neural encoding of an ever-changing acoustic environment is a complex and demanding process that depends on modulation by neuroactive substances. Some neurons of the inferior colliculus (IC) exhibit “stimulus-specific adaptation” (SSA), i.e., a decrease in their response to a repetitive sound, but not to a rare one. Previous studies have demonstrated that acetylcholine (ACh) alters the frequency response areas of auditory neurons and therefore is important in the encoding of spectral information. Here, we address how microiontophoretic application of ACh modulates SSA in the IC of the anesthetized rat. We found that ACh decreased SSA in IC neurons by increasing the response to the repetitive tone. This effect was mainly mediated by muscarinic receptors. The strength of the cholinergic modulation depended on the baseline SSA level, exerting its greatest effect on neurons with intermediate SSA responses across IC subdivisions. Our data demonstrate that the increased availability of ACh exerts transient functional changes in partially adapting IC neurons, enhancing the sensory encoding of the ongoing stimulation. This effect potentially contributes to the propagation of ascending sensory-evoked afferent activity through the thalamus en route to the cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural encoding of an ever-changing acoustic environment is a complex and demanding task that may depend on the available levels of neuroactive substances. We explored how the cholinergic inputs affect the responses of neurons in the auditory midbrain that exhibit different degrees of stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), i.e., a specific decrease in their response to a repeated sound that does not generalize to other, rare sounds. This work addresses the role of cholinergic synaptic inputs as well as the contribution of the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors on SSA. This is the first report on the role of neuromodulation on SSA, and the results contribute to our understanding of the cellular bases for processing low- and high-probability sounds.
A Computational Model of Implicit Memory Captures Dyslexics' Perceptual Deficits
Authors: Jaffe-Dax Sagi , Raviv Ofri , Jacoby Nori , Loewenstein Yonatan , Ahissar Merav 
Published: September 2015

Dyslexics are diagnosed for their poor reading skills, yet they characteristically also suffer from poor verbal memory and often from poor auditory skills. To date, this combined profile has been accounted for in broad cognitive terms. Here we hypothesize that the perceptual deficits associated with dyslexia can be understood computationally as a deficit in integrating prior information with noisy observations. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the performance of human participants in an auditory discrimination task using a two-parameter computational model. One parameter captures the internal noise in representing the current event, and the other captures the impact of recently acquired prior information. Our findings show that dyslexics' perceptual deficit can be accounted for by inadequate adjustment of these components; namely, low weighting of their implicit memory of past trials relative to their internal noise. Underweighting the stimulus statistics decreased dyslexics' ability to compensate for noisy observations. ERP measurements (P2 component) while participants watched a silent movie indicated that dyslexics' perceptual deficiency may stem from poor automatic integration of stimulus statistics. This study provides the first description of a specific computational deficit associated with dyslexia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study presents the first attempt to specify the mechanisms underlying dyslexics' perceptual difficulties computationally by applying a specific model, inspired by the Bayesian framework. This model dissociates between the contribution of sensory noise and that of the prior statistics in an auditory perceptual decision task. We show that dyslexics cannot compensate for their perceptual noise by incorporating prior information. By contrast, adequately reading controls' usage of previous information is often close to optimal. We used ERP measurements to assess the neuronal stage of this deficit. We found that unlike their peers, dyslexics' ERP responses are not sensitive to the relations between the current observation and the prior observation, indicating that they cannot establish a reliable prior.
Valoración en la formación permanente del profesorado en educación física, a partir del intercambio académico entre España y Costa Rica
Authors: Hortigüela Alcalá David , Salicetti Fonseca Alejandro , Pérez Pueyo Ángel 
Published: September 2015

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en el segundo semestre del curso escolar del 2014 en la Escuela de Educación Física y Deportes de Universidad de Costa Rica. Se analizó la percepción que tiene el docente de Educación Física (EF) en servicio sobre el uso de metodologías activas y participativas en la asignatura, lo cual incide en el concepto de enseñanza práctica. Bajo la estructura de cursos de capacitación para el profesorado se llevó a cabo un proceso formativo de 12 horas, divididas en 3 sesiones, a cargo de un especialista español. En estas sesiones se mostraron recursos, ejemplos didácticos y metodológicos sobre cómo abordar la EF en el aula con el fin de crear autonomía en el alumnado y la adquisición de un rol activo en las tareas, lo que denominamos enseñanza práctica. Participaron un total de 105 docentes, de los cuales 60 eran hombres y 45 mujeres. La metodología del estudio fue cuantitativa, se realizó un análisis de regresión múltiple para 7 variables generadas mediante un cuestionario validado, a saber: 1) adquisición de competencias generales durante la aplicación de la metodología (AC); 2) aprendizaje de contenidos del educando en su rol como estudiante durante la aplicación de la metodología (RE); 3) Motivación de realizar la puesta en práctica con sus propios compañeros como población estudiantil (ME); 4) Planeamiento de las actividades de clase (PC); 5) Intervención durante la clase por parte del profesor (IC); 6) Retroalimentación al finalizar la clase (RC); 7) Aprendizaje de contenidos del educando en su rol como profesor durante la aplicación de la metodología (RP). Se observó cómo las siete variables independientes incluidas en el análisis explican un 75,8% de la varianza de la variable dependiente, la enseñanza práctica. Además, las variables relativas al RE, PC y RP contribuyen a la predicción de la metodología de enseñanza práctica.
Ab Initio Analysis of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Organic-Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Junkman Dakota , Vogel Dayton J. , Han Yulun , Kilin Dmitri S. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTToday’s conversion of solar energy into electricity is based on silicon, which is pure, eventually crystalline, and its most efficient transitions are away from solar radiation maximum. The continuous search of efficient photovoltaic materials has recently focused on lead-halide organic-inorganic perovskite materials due to the very flexible, sustainable, and forgiving procedure of their fabrication, which is successful even if the concentrations of precursors, and temperature regimes deviate from optimal values. In addition to simple fabrication, this class of materials provides impressively high efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) cells. Attention to these materials helps to understand the mechanisms of their high efficiencies and to identify other materials with same type of properties. This work presents computational analysis of photo-induced processes in perovskite materials at ambient temperatures.
Molecular Testing for Treatment of Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: How to Implement Evidence-Based Recommendations
Authors: Levy Benjamin P. , Chioda Marc D. , Herndon Dana , Longshore John W. , Mohamed Mohamed , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Reynolds Craig , Singh Jaspal , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Bunn Paul A. , Hirsch Fred R. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

The recent discovery of relevant biomarkers has reshaped our approach to therapy selection for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The unprecedented outcomes demonstrated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in molecularly defined cohorts of patients has underscored the importance of genetic profiling in this disease. Despite published guidelines on biomarker testing, successful tumor genotyping faces significant hurdles at both academic and community-based practices. Oncologists are now faced with interpreting large-scale genomic data from multiple tumor types, possibly making it difficult to stay current with practice standards in lung cancer. In addition, physicians’ lack of time, resources, and face-to-face opportunities can interfere with the multidisciplinary approach that is essential to delivery of care. Finally, several challenges exist in optimizing the amount and quality of tissue for molecular testing. Recognizing the importance of biomarker testing, a series of advisory boards were recently convened to address these hurdles and clarify best practices. We reviewed these challenges and established recommendations to help optimize tissue acquisition, processing, and testing within the framework of a multidisciplinary approach.

Implications for Practice:
Although several professional societies have incorporated biomarker testing recommendations into clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), health care providers still face considerable challenges when establishing and implementing these standards. Developing and instituting protocols to ensure that all appropriate patients are tested for molecular biomarkers requires communication among the various specialists involved in the care of patients with NSCLC. This report provides insights into key challenges and recommendations for molecular testing of patients with metastatic NSCLC, summarized from a multidisciplinary team of experts spanning academic, community, and integrated health systems.
First-in-Human Proof-of-Concept Study: Intralesional Administration of BQ788, an Endothelin Receptor B Antagonist, to Melanoma Skin Metastases
Authors: Wouters Jasper , Hunger Robert E. , Garrod Terence , Dubuis Benoit , Hunziker Thomas , van den Oord Joost J. , Lahav-le Coutre Ronit 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Lessons Learned
Local tolerance of intralesional treatment of melanoma skin metastases with BQ788 is excellent. Hints of efficacy are observed, consisting of both direct effects (decreased expression of endothelin receptor B [EDNRB] and of survival factors, reduced proliferation) and indirect effects (enhanced immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis). Patients in future trials should be screened for EDNRB expression level prior to treatment because only patients with high EDNRB-expressing melanomas (four of five) responded to BQ788. Future studies should be performed for at least 2 weeks because reduced lesion growth was observed in the only patient that was treated for longer than 1 week.

Background.
This first-in-human proof-of-concept study aimed to check whether safety and preclinical results obtained by intratumoral administration of BQ788, an endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) antagonist, can be repeated in human melanoma patients.

Methods.
Three patients received a single intralesional BQ788 application of 3 mg. After 3–7 days, the lesions were measured and removed for analysis. The administered dose was increased to a cumulative dosage of 8 mg in patient 4 (4 × 2.0 mg, days 0–3; lesion removed on day 4) and to 10 mg in patient 5 (3 × 3.3 mg, days 0, 3, and 10; lesion removed after 14 days). Control lesions were simultaneously treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). All samples were processed and analyzed without knowledge of the clinical findings.

Results.
No statistical evaluation was possible because of the number of patients (n = 5) and the variability in the mode of administration. No adverse events were observed, regardless of administered dose. All observations were in accordance with results obtained in preclinical studies. Accordingly, no difference in degree of tumor necrosis was detected between BQ788- and PBS-treated samples. In addition, both EDNRB and Ki67 showed decreased expression in patients 2 and 5 and, to a lesser extent, in patient 1. Similarly, decreased expression of EDNRB mRNA in patients 2 and 5 and of BCL2A1 and/or PARP3 in patients 2, 3, and 5 was found. Importantly, semiquantitatively scored immunohistochemistry for CD31 and CD3 revealed more blood vessels and lymphocytes, respectively, in BQ788-treated tumors of patients 2 and 4. Also, in all patients, we observed inverse correlation in expression levels between EDNRB and HIF1A. Finally, in patient 5 (the only patient treated for longer than 1 week), we observed inhibition in lesion growth, as shown by size measurement.

Conclusion.
The intralesional applications of BQ788 were well tolerated and showed signs of directly and indirectly reducing the viability of melanoma cells.
Een glas-in-lood plafond? ‘De Vrouw 1813-1913’ en andere verbeeldingen van vrouwen, religie en emancipatie
Authors: Derks Marjet 
Published: September 2015

A Leaded-Glass Ceiling?: ‘Women 1813-1913’ and Other Visions of Women, Religion and EmancipationThe exhibition ‘Women 1813-1913’ was a key moment in the visibility of women’s religiosity in the public realm. However, it was so because it accentuated the feminist framework of women’s formal rights and projected it on the ecclesiastical domain. This one-sided representation, which excluded Catholic women among others, has remained unacknowledged in historiography. Focusing on motivations and aims of female subjects, this article addresses Catholic women’s attempts to gain an authoritative position and have a public voice in the religious realm, despite opposition. It analyses both their resentment of the formal rights discourse and their appropriations. By doing so, the article emphasises the historical diversity of female religious agency and the experience of empowerment, as well as the importance of religion as a category for identity. The last is typified as a source of difference rather than a unifying factor among women, both in 1813 and 1913 and in the twenty-first century. This article is part of the special issue 'De Vrouw 1813-1913'. De tentoonstelling ‘De Vrouw 1813-1913’ was een scharnierpunt in dezichtbaarmaking van de religiositeit van vrouwen in de publieke sfeer, maar accentueerde het feministische denkkader van ‘formele rechten’ van vrouwen in de kerken. De geschiedschrijving heeft het eenzijdige karakter van deze representatie, die onder meer katholieke vrouwen uitsloot, niet onderkend. Vertrekkend vanuit de denkkaders van de vrouwelijke subjecten zélf, hun doelstellingen en motivatie, belicht deze bijdrage de pogingen van katholieke vrouwen (religieuze bewegingen, politica’s en feministisch theologen) in de jaren ná 1913 om religieuze spreekposities in te nemen en de weerstanden die ze ontmoetten. Soms stonden de pogingenhaaks op het rechtendiscours, soms eigenden vrouwen zich dat toe. De bijdrage benadrukt de historische diversiteit van vrouwelijke religieuze agency en ervaringen van empowerment, alsmede het belang van religie voor identiteit. Religie komt erin naar voren als bron van verschil tussen vrouwen, zowel in 1813 en 1913 als een eeuw later. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'De Vrouw 1813-1913'.
Gentle Knights: Masculinity, Teetotalism and Aid for Alcohol Abuse c. 1900
Authors: Blok Gemma 
Published: September 2015

Since 1830 there have been Dutch organisations that were concerned with fighting alcohol abuse. The Drink Law of 1881, the result of their lobby, limited the sale of drink and made the punishment of public drunkenness obligatory. Around 1900 there was renewed fervour in the Dutch Temperance Movement: teetotallers came to dominate the movement and created a system for the care of drunkards. This change from a repressive approach to a focus on treatment was accompanied by two differing variants on ‘chivalrous’ masculinity. Nineteenth century campaigners put their idea of masculinity – controlled, militant, protective of women and children – in the service of state politics. The chivalry of the teetotallers was more personal. They showed their solidarity with problematic drinkers by completely abstaining from alcohol and attempted to save drunkards by setting a good example. The battle against King Alcohol became a fight, man to man, in civil society. This article is part of the special issue 'Low Countries Histories of Masculinity'.
Eender of anders? Nieuwe literatuur over de geschiedenis van de Nederlandse Cariben
Authors: Emmer P.C. 
Published: September 2015

R. Price, To slay the hydra. Dutch colonial perspectives on the Saramaka wars F.H.R. Oedayrajsingh Varma, Suriname, een apartheidsexperiment met de allergruwelijkste vormen van Indianen- en negerslavernij C.Ch. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and the Guianas 1680-1791
Woeringen 1288-1988. Brabantse overwinning, maar Keulse triomf
Authors: Uytven R. van 
Published: September 2015

W. Schäfke, Der Name der Freiheit 1288-1988. Aspekte Kölner Geschichte von Worringen bis Heute W. Janssen, H. Stehkämper, Der Tag bei Worringen: 5. Juni 1288
1787. De Nederlandse revolutie?
Authors: Huussen jr. A.H. 
Published: September 2015

R.P.L. Arpots, W. Otterspeer, Johannes le Francq van Berkheij (1729-1813). Catalogus van de tentoonstelling gehouden in het Academisch Historisch Museum te Leiden van 22 oktober tot 11 december 1987 A. van den Berg, De papieren oorlog tussen patriotten en prinsgezinden. 'Het Geldersche Zwyn' J.J.M. Bos, Rijklof Michael van Goens (1748-1810). Literator - politicus - piëtist H. Bots, W.W. Mijnhardt, De droom van de revolutie. Nieuwe benaderingen van het patriottisme J.D. van der Capellen, H.L. Zwitzer, Aan het Volk van Nederland. Het patriottisch program uit 1781. H. L. Zwitzer, ed. L. de Gou, Biografische bijdragen over achttiende eeuwers. Fragmenten van jaarredes gehouden in de algemene vergadering van de Hollandse Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, 1979-1985 F. Grijzenhout, Voor vadeland en vrijheid. De revolutie van de patriotten F. Grijzenhout, N.C.F. van Sas, Voor vaderland en vrijheid. Revolutie in Nederland 1780-1787 F.L. van Holthoon, Patriots and Orangists. Revolutionary pamphlets and caricatures in the Netherlands 1780-1800 P.C. Jansen, De physique existentie dezes lands. Jan Blanken inspecteur-generaal van de waterstaat. (1755-1838) J.G. Kikkert, Gespannen stilte. De patriotten en het einde van de Republiek 1780-1795 W.E. Meiboom, Willem V en de patriotten in Holland. Catalogus van de tentoonstelling in het Algemeen Rijksarchief te Den Haag G. Rooijakkers, Voor 'Brabants vryheyd'. Patriotten in Staats-Brabant P. Schonewille, H. Tupan, Oude grieven, nieuwe idealen. Patriotten in Drenthe, 1780-1787 Van Weegluis tot Pruis. De patriottentijd in Den Haag, 1780-1787 A. Wiechmann, L.C. Palm, Een elektriserend geleerde. Martinus van Marum 1750-1837 H.A. van Wijnen, 'Vorst Willem, het is alles uw schuld!'. Oranje en de ondergang van de Republiek bij de omwentelingen 1787-1795 Th.S.M. van der Zee, 1787. De Nederlandse Revolutie? W. Bergsma, For uwz lân, wyv en bern. De patriottentijd in Friesland R.A.M. ter Bogt, De aanhouding van prinses Wilhelmina van Pruisen A. Brouwer, I. Vellekoop, Maassluis in oorlog en beroerte (1780-1789) A. Brouwer, Vlaardingen in patriottentijd R. de Bruin, Revolutie in Utrecht. Studenten, burgers en regenten in de patriottentijd 1780-1787 J.D.R. van Dijk, W.R. Foorthuis, Drentse portretten uit de patriottentijd W.A. Knoops, F.Ch. Meijer, Goejanverwellesluis. De aanhouding van de prinses van Oranje op 28 juni 1787 door het vrijkorps van Gouda G.J. Onrust, De West-Zaandamse revolutie. Een onderzoek naar de rol van de schutterijen in West-Zaandam in het revolutiejaar 1787 J.J.M. Bos, Inventaris van het archief van Rijklof Michael van Goens (1748-1810)
Historici, ingenieurs en techniek. Over de relatie tussen techniekgeschiedenis en algemene geschiedenis
Authors: Davids C.A. 
Published: September 2015

H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, I, Techniek en modernisering, landbouw en voeding H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, II, Gezondheid en openbare hygiëne, waterstaat en infrastructuur, papier, druk en communicatie H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, III, Textiel, gas, licht en elektriciteit, bouw H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, IV, Delfstoffen, machine- en scheepsbouw, stoom, chemie, telegrafie en telefonie H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, VI, Techniek en samenleving H.W. Lintsen, Geschiedenis van de techniek in Nederland. De wording van een moderne samenleving 1800-1890, V, Techniek, beroep en praktijk
Hoe cultureel mag cultuurgeschiedenis zijn? Rond het IJkpunt 1650
Authors: Frijhoff W. , Spies M. 
Published: September 2015

In their rejoinder, the authors of 1650: Bevochten eendracht discuss the main criticisms brought forward by those taking part in the debate at the final conference on the Vantage-points Programme. Basically, they reject two claims as inappropriate with regard to their book and its intentions. Firstly, there can be no question of a political, let alone a holistic framework for this study which is meant to be an interpretation of Dutch culture in the specific language of cultural history. Secondly, they stand up against the reproach that their book would be purely subservient to present-day political questions about identity, Dutchness, and national consensus. Instead, they show that the key terms which they used to describe and explain the specific quality of Dutch culture at its 17th-century zenith (pluriformity, discussion culture, burgher participation, ecumenism of everyday life, etc.) are used in this cross-section of Dutch society as analytical, descriptive terms, without any teleological view towards future developments. Finally, they explain the sense in which the European context should be understood and where the limits of European comparison lie at the moment with regard to 17th-century culture. This response is part of the discussion forum IJkpunt 1650.