bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocorticographic evidence of perituberal cortex epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex
Authors: Ma Tracy S. , Elliott Robert E. , Ruppe Véronique , Devinsky Orrin , Kuzniecky Ruben , Weiner Howard L. , Carlson Chad 
Published: September 2012

Object
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multisystem autosomal dominant disorder resulting in hamartomas of several organs. Cortical tubers are the most prominent brain lesions in TSC. Treatment-resistant epilepsy often develops early in life in patients with TSC and is associated with severe intellectual and behavioral impairments. Seizures may remit following epilepsy surgery in selected cases, yet it remains unclear whether the tuber or the perituberal cortex is the source of seizure onset. In this study, the authors reviewed the onset of seizures in patients in whom depth electrodes had been placed within or adjacent to cortical tubers.

Methods
After obtaining institutional review board approval, the authors retrospectively reviewed data from 12 pediatric patients with multifocal TSC and treatment-resistant epilepsy who had undergone invasive intracranial electroencephalographic monitoring. Tubers were identified on postimplantation MRI, and all depth electrodes were located. Depth electrode contacts were classified visually as either tuber/perituberal cortex or nontuber/nonperituberal cortex. Board-certified clinical neurophysiologists reviewed the seizures to identify all electrodes involved in the ictal onset.

Results
Among 309 recorded seizures, 104 unique ictal onset patterns were identified. Of the 11 patients with electrodes recording in a tuber, 9 had seizure onsets involving the tuber. Similarly, of the 9 patients with perituberal recording electrodes, 7 had perituberal ictal onsets. Overall, there was no difference in the percentage of contacts involved in seizure onset between the tuber and perituberal cortex. In a subset of 7 patients in whom at least 1 depth electrode contact was within the tuber and 1 was in the perituberal cortex, there was no difference between the percentage of tuber and perituberal onsets.

Conclusions
Findings demonstrated heterogeneity in the ictal onset patterns as well as involvement of the tuber and perituberal cortex within and between patients. Although the data are limited by the restricted region(s) sampled with intracranial electrodes, they do suggest that cortical hyperexcitability in TSC may derive from the tuber or surrounding cortex.
Changes in the Oswestry Disability Index that predict improvement after lumbar fusion
Authors: Djurasovic Mladen , Glassman Steven D. , Dimar John R. , Crawford Charles H. , Bratcher Kelly R. , Carreon Leah Y. 
Published: September 2012

Object
Clinical studies use both disease-specific and generic health outcomes measures. Disease-specific measures focus on health domains most relevant to the clinical population, while generic measures assess overall health-related quality of life. There is little information about which domains of the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) are most important in determining improvement in overall health-related quality of life, as measured by the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), after lumbar spinal fusion. The objective of the study is to determine which clinical elements assessed by the ODI most influence improvement of overall health-related quality of life.

Methods
A single tertiary spine center database was used to identify patients undergoing lumbar fusion for standard degenerative indications. Patients with complete preoperative and 2-year outcomes measures were included. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between improvement in each item of the ODI with improvement in the SF-36 physical component summary (PCS) score, as well as achievement of the SF-36 PCS minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Multivariate regression modeling was used to examine which items of the ODI best predicted achievement for the SF-36 PCS MCID. The effect size and standardized response mean were calculated for each of the items of the ODI.

Results
A total of 1104 patients met inclusion criteria (674 female and 430 male patients). The mean age at surgery was 57 years. All items of the ODI showed significant correlations with the change in SF-36 PCS score and achievement of MCID for the SF-36 PCS, but only pain intensity, walking, and social life had r values > 0.4 reflecting moderate correlation. These 3 variables were also the dimensions that were independent predictors of the SF-36 PCS, and they were the only dimensions that had effect sizes and standardized response means that were moderate to large.

Conclusions
Of the health dimensions measured by the ODI, pain intensity, walking, and social life best predicted improvement in overall health-related quality of life, as measured using the SF-36 PCS.
Jalons pour une histoire des États face à la contrainte économique
Authors: Gazier Bernard 
Published: September 2012

Résumé Cet article cherche, en se centrant sur l’expérience des États occidentaux et en prenant un recul historique de plusieurs siècles, à préciser les principales contraintes économiques auxquelles ils ont fait face et les marges de manœuvre qu’ils ont pu exploiter. Après une première partie consacrée au repérage des diverses modalités d’États et de contraintes, l’article considère les séquences dans lesquelles les contraintes s’enchaînent, pour déboucher sur les changements majeurs apparus au xx e siècle.
L'État : contraintes et liberté, approche économique
Authors: Bacache-Beauvallet Maya 
Published: September 2012

Résumé L’article présente l’analyse en sciences économiques des contraintes qui limitent l’action de l’État. La contrainte budgétaire consiste à rappeler que la somme des dépenses publiques doit être inférieure ou égale aux recettes publiques, et ce de manière intertemporelle. L’article évoque alors les débats qui émergent avec les travaux keynésiens sur l’importance de cette contrainte budgétaire et la possibilité de s’en émanciper. La prise en compte des anticipations rationnelles des agents restreint l’action publique et crée la justification d’une nouvelle contrainte : l’autocontrainte. Ensuite, la concurrence fiscale et la mondialisation constituent une nouvelle contrainte à l’action publique. Enfin, le nouveau management public renouvelle l’analyse de la contrainte aux marges de manœuvre de l’État.
La marge de manœuvre des États. La dictature des marchés ?
Authors: Kessler Denis 
Published: September 2012

Résumé La crise des dettes souveraines qui s’est aiguisée au cours de ces dernières années a fait réapparaître le thème de la dictature des marchés. Derrière celui-ci se cache une longue liste de reproches : les marchés auraient pour seul objectif la spéculation, ils seraient myopes et court-termistes, ils fonderaient leurs décisions sur la base de notations émises par des agences irresponsables et ils exerceraient une pression inadmissible sur les pays emprunteurs. En un mot, ils bafoueraient la démocratie. La plupart de ces critiques ne résistent pas à l’analyse. Elles découlent largement du besoin des gouvernements de désigner un bouc émissaire face à la réticence des citoyens à accepter des efforts. Ceux-ci paraissent d’autant plus injustes à l’opinion publique qu’ils visent à rembourser des dettes dont les citoyens ne se sentent pas individuellement responsables. Il n’en demeure pas moins vrai que, en menant des politiques budgétaires insoutenables, les États se sont eux-mêmes placés dans une situation de dépendance vis-à-vis des marchés conduisant à certains égards à une situation d’inversion de la tutelle.
Evaluation of Three Lattice Boltzmann Models for Particulate Flows
Authors: Wang Liang , Guo Zhaoli , Shi Baochang , Zheng Chuguang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA comparative study is conducted to evaluate three types of lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) models for fluid flows with finite-sized particles, including the lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) model, the model proposed by Ladd [Ladd AJC, J. Fluid Mech., 271, 285-310 (1994); Ladd AJC, J. Fluid Mech., 271, 311-339 (1994)], and the multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) model. The sedimentation of a circular particle in a two-dimensional infinite channel under gravity is used as the first test problem. The numerical results of the three LBE schemes are compared with the theoretical results and existing data. It is found that all of the three LBE schemes yield reasonable results in general, although the BGK scheme and Ladd’s scheme give some deviations in some cases. Our results also show that the MRT scheme can achieve a better numerical stability than the other two schemes. Regarding the computational efficiency, it is found that the BGK scheme is the most superior one, while the other two schemes are nearly identical. We also observe that the MRT scheme can unequivocally reduce the viscosity dependence of the wall correction factor in the simulations, which reveals the superior robustness of the MRT scheme. The superiority of the MRT scheme over the other two schemes is also confirmed by the simulation of the sedimentation of an elliptical particle.
An Efficient, Energy Stable Scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman System
Authors: Collins Craig , Shen Jie , Wise Steven M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present an unconditionally energy stable and uniquely solvable finite difference scheme for the Cahn-Hilliard-Brinkman (CHB) system, which is comprised of a Cahn-Hilliard-type diffusion equation and a generalized Brinkman equation mod-eling fluid flow. The CHB system is a generalization of the Cahn-Hilliard-Stokes model and describes two phase very viscous flows in porous media. The scheme is based on a convex splitting of the discrete CH energy and is semi-implicit. The equations at the implicit time level are nonlinear, but we prove that they represent the gradient of a strictly convex functional and are therefore uniquely solvable, regardless of time step size. Owing to energy stability, we show that the scheme is stable in the time and space discreteandnorms. We also present an efficient, practical nonlinear multigrid method . comprised of a standard FAS method for the Cahn-Hilliard part, and a method based on the Vanka smoothing strategy for the Brinkman part . for solving these equations. In particular, we provide evidence that the solver has nearly optimal complexity in typical situations. The solver is applied to simulate spinodal decomposition of a viscous fluid in a porous medium, as well as to the more general problems of buoyancy- and boundary-driven flows.
Leveraging XML Technology for Web Applications
Authors: Brüggemann-Klein Anne , Robles Hahn Jose Tomas , Sayih Marouane 
Published: September 2012

As eBooks evolve into interactive applications, our vision at Electronic Publishing Group (EPT) is to empower authors to write and deploy not only documents and eBooks but whole Web applications using widely available tools without system lock-in. We envision XML technology as open, accessible, well supported technology to be leveraged for Web applications: Information is represented and manipulated with XML technology. Data and programs are deployed on a Web server, stored in an XML database, run by XML processors (XSLT, XQuery, XProc) and accessed from XML-aware Web clients (XForms) via the HTTP protocol.
We document a calendar system, CalendarX, as a case study. We illustrate our use of XML technology and the methodology we employed, drawing on ideas from Domain-Driven Design and Abstract State Machines.
Documents as Timed Abstract Objects
Authors: Huitfeldt Claus , Vitali Fabio , Peroni Silvio 
Published: September 2012

At Balisage 2009 and 2010 Renear and Wickett discussed problems in reconciling the view that documents are abstract objects with the fact that they can undergo change. In this paper we present an account of documents which we believe is quite common, but which was not discussed by Renear and Wickett.
According to this account documents are indeed abstract objects, but this is easily reconciled with the fact that they are created and can undergo change. We then point to a similarity between this account and the notion of so-called space-time slices. We argue that the proposed account of documents as timed abstract objects may be subject to the same kind of criticism that has been raised against the notion of space-time slices.
We believe that our account fares no worse than the other accounts given of documents as abstract objects. But it still fails, and we remain agnostic about the ontological status of documents and their relation to abstract objects, as well as about the nature of abstract objects. We conclude that either documents are not (or not related to) abstract objects, or they are (or are related to) abstract objects of a kind which does not correspond to the standard definition of what an abstract object is.
Finally — an XML Markup Solution for Design-Based Publishers: Introducing the PRISM Source Vocabulary
Authors: Kennedy Dianne 
Published: September 2012

In the late 1980's, when computer technologies began to find application in publishing, the universe split into two very distinct worlds; content-based publishing and design-based publishing. Content-based publishers gravitated toward "SGML/XML First" workflows employing automated layout while design-based publishers adopted design-based desktop publishing solutions. This divide remains today. While it is obvious to those on the content side that all publishers should be standardizing publishing based on document models and moving to XML-first, this remains highly problematic when art directors, not the editorial staff rule in the magazine publishing world!
But on April 2010, the design-based publishing world was rocked when the iPad became the first of many new digital publishing platforms for magazine publishers. Finally it became clear that in order to publish simultaneously in print and across all a range of diverse mobile platforms with different aspect ratios, sizes and op systems, workflows must shift to a model where a platform agnostic content XML source is used feed all platforms and designs. This session will focus on the new dynamic, design-based publishing architecture, the PRISM Source Vocabulary, developed over the past 2 years and just posted as a final public draft in mid June 2012. Learn how PSV leverages rich metadata and controlled vocabulary semantics coupled with HTML5 to enable a new paradigm for design-based publishing.
XQuery, XSLT and JSON
Authors: Robie Jonathan 
Published: September 2012

XML and JSON have become the dominant formats for exchanging data on the Internet, and applications frequently need to send and receive data in many different JSON-based or XML-based formats, consuming or producing data in JSON, XML, or HTML. JSON has not yet developed an application stack as mature as the XML application stack; for instance, there is still no standard query language, transformation language, or schema language. And the XML application stack has not yet evolved to easily process JSON.
There are several areas where the XML stack should evolve to better support developers who work with JSON together with XML, and the features needed to support JSON in XQuery and XSLT also provide data structures that simplify writing queries and transformations, and allow more efficient processing of intermediate results when processing XML. As JSON becomes increasingly common in databases, and is exchanged among servers, these same kinds of tools may even become important in environments that use only JSON.
This paper focuses on queries and transformations, looking at JSON support in several NoSQL databases, the JSONiq proposal (which adds JSON objects and arrays to XQuery), and the XSLT maps proposal (which adds maps that can represent JSON objects and arrays). At the time of writing, the W3C XML Query Working Group and the W3C XSL Working Group are considering several proposals for supporting JSON. The Working Groups expect to agree on a common solution that can be used in both XSLT and XQuery.
The structure of content
Authors: DeRose Steven J. 
Published: September 2012

Text analytics involves extracting features of meaning from natural language texts and making them explicit, much as markup does. It uses linguistics, AI, and statistical methods to get at a level of "meaning" that markup generally does not: down in the leaves of what to XML may be unanalyzed "content". This suggests potential for new kinds of error, consistency, and quality checking. However, text analytics can also discover features that markup is used for; this suggests that text analytics can also contribute to the markup process itself.
Perhaps the simplest example of text analytics' potential for checking, is xml:lang. Language identification is well-developed technology, and xml:lang attributes "in the wild" could be much improved. More interestingly, the distribution of named entities (people, places, organizations, etc.), topics, and emphasis interacts closely with documents' markup structures. Summaries, abstracts, conclusions, and the like all have distinctive features which can be measured.
This paper provides an overview of how text analytics works, what it can do, and how that relates to the things we typically mark up in XML. It also discuss the trade-offs and decisions involved in just what we choose to mark up, and how that interacts with automation. It presents several specific ways that text analytics can help create, check, and enhance XML components, and exemplifies some cases using a high-volume analytics tool.
Case study: Quality assurance and quality control techniques in an XML data conversion project
Authors: Halpern-Hamu Charlie 
Published: September 2012

A wide variety of techniques have been used in an XML data conversion project. Emphasis on Quality Assurance, not making errors in the first place, was supported by Quality Control, catching errors that occurred anyway.
Data analysis and estimation techniques included counting function points in source documents to estimate effort and autogeneration of tight schemas to discover variation. Quality assurance was based on guiding specification based on parent-child pairs and programming for context and all content. Quality Control techniques included source-to-target comparison to check for lost or duplicated content, automatic highlighting of anomalous data, and use of XQuery to review data.
Endoscopic Combined Intra Renal Surgery (ECIRS) in Prone Position
Authors: Serra Simona , Corona Andrea , De Lisa Antonello 
Published: September 2012

Introduction E.C.I.R.S. is currently used in Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia position, since it is thought to be capable of allowing the retrograde approach to the high urinary diseases. Our school developed some good experience in percutaneous procedures in the prone position, with no significant anesthetic complications; we have performed an evaluation of flexible retrograde endoscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in this position. Materials and Methods 21 patients (14 M - 7 F), with a mean age 44.5 years (range 27–62), with complex urolithiasis, underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy associated with flexible retrograde endoscopy (E.C.I.R.S.) in the prone position. The technique has followed these steps: patient's positioning in the prone position; flexible cystoscopy and insertion of guide 0.038″ stiff Lubriglide flexible tip; ureteral sheath 11/13 Ch until the lumbar ureter; fixing the end of the sheath to the surgical drape with sutures or surgical instrument; catheter Nelaton transurethral 10 Ch to the side of the sheath; renal puncture and routine procedure for the nephrolithotripsy assisted by the flexible instrumentation by retrograde approach. The procedure ended with the application of a Re-entry Malecot™ nephrostomy tube (Boston Scientific). Results The ureteral sheath was easily applicable in the prone position for all patients, with no difference between males and females; its presence made it easier to enter and the progression of the flexible instrument by retrograde approach. Idem come sopra. There was no lengthening of operative time associated with retrograde instrumentation. The “stone free” status was obtained in 100% of cases. There were no complications. Discussion The stabilized ureteral sheath allows for the comfortable and secure combined endorenal prone procedure, with flexible instruments both in men and women, through a safe and effective technique.
Urinary Tract Endometriosis
Authors: Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: September 2012

Urinary endometriosis is a rare diagnosis which is becoming much more common at referral centres. The bladder and the pelvic ureter are the sites that can be affected, each posing to the urologist and gynecologist some specific diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties. Bladder endometriosis, indeed, usually causes lower urinary tract symptoms, has a typical appearance at imaging and can be an isolated presentation; ureteral location, at the contrary, often presents with a vague or aspecific symptomatology and is often associated to other pelvic locations, so that a careful evaluation of the urinary tract, preferably with NMR, is mandatory for severe pelvic endometriosis, also in the absence of symptoms. The treatment of bladder presentation is partial cystectomy, preferably via a laparoscopic approach, while ureteral endometriosis can require different surgical solutions, from ureterolysis to ureteral reimplantation, open, laparoscopic or robot-assisted, basing on its extent and on the need of additional procedures for other locations. r
Characterizing a novel method for blending regenerated cellulose structures with polyester filaments
Authors: Semnani Dariush , Mazrouei‐Sebdani Zahra , Abedinzadeh Bentolhoda 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe combination method of various manmade fibers with other fibers was developed to create special properties many years ago. Fibers can be mixed in a generation process, such as in solution or melt spinning, or in a fiber spinning process in the form of filaments, staple, sliver, yarn, and so on. Hybrid blended yarns are a common class of yarns in the textile industry, and the most are produced through cotton–polyester or viscose–polyester blending in the spinning process. The cellulose fibers blended in spun yarns should be at least 1 in. in length with appropriate surface properties. This causes limitations in the use of cheap materials. Cheap products owe their manufacturing to waste papers, wood trash, poor linters of cotton, spinning trash, and so on. In this study, a new method for combining regenerated cellulose structures with polyester filaments was examined; it is different from conventional hybrid polyester–viscose fiber production. In the first step, the viscose pulp was prepared and then coated on the polyester filaments in various forms. The properties, including the tensile strength, density, yarn count, moisture regain, static electricity, and dyeing, of the resulted hybrid fibers were evaluated with a variety of methods. The results show that almost all of the properties of the coated samples were improved, especially the moisture absorbance, static electricity, and dyeing properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013