bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Japanese boy with maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 3 who developed diabetes at 19 months old
Authors: Iwabuchi Atsushi , Kamoda Tomohiro , Shinohara Hiroyuki , Sumazaki Ryo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMaturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 3 (MODY3) is caused by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene mutation and is clinically characterized by young onset and insufficient insulin secretion. We report a 19‐month‐old Japanese boy with a family history of young‐onset diabetes who was initially diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Mutational analysis of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α gene revealed a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation (c.593delA p.Lys198fs) resulting in a truncated protein in the patient and his father. The patient was diagnosed as having MODY3 and was successfully treated with insulin glargine. We could not determine the genetic or environmental factors to explain the difference in the age of disease onset within the same family. This is the youngest case of a MODY3 child presenting with overt diabetes. Our experience suggests that clinicians should always consider the possible diagnosis of MODY3 in a diabetic child with a family history of young‐onset diabetes and should perform molecular investigations.
Comparison of nutrient profiling schemes for restricting the marketing of food and drink to children
Authors: Brinsden H. , Lobstein T. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryWhat is already known about this subject
Many companies have signed voluntary agreements to restrict the marketing of foods high in fat, sugar and salt directly to children.
Several nutrient profiling schemes have been proposed for defining products which can be advertised to children.
What this study adds
Provides evidence that industry‐led nutrient profiling schemes are less effective in restricting the advertising of energy‐dense foods compared to government‐led models.
Provides evidence that industry‐led nutrient profiling schemes particularly favour the continued advertising of foods high in sugar.
BackgroundThe food and beverage industry have made voluntary pledges to reduce children's exposure to the marketing of energy‐dense foods and beverages, and in 2012 announced the replacement of company‐specific nutrient profiling schemes with uniform sets of criteria from 2013 (in the USA) and 2014 (in the European Union [EU]).ObjectiveTo compare the proposed USA and EU nutrient profiling schemes and three government‐led schemes, paying particular attention to the differences in sugar criteria.MethodFood and beverage products permitted to be advertised in the USA under pre‐2013 criteria were examined using five nutrient profiling schemes: the forthcoming USA and EU schemes and three government‐approved schemes: the US Interagency Working Group (IWG) proposals, the United Kingdom Office of Communications (OfCom) regulations and the Danish Forum co‐regulatory Code.ResultsUnder the new USA and EU nutrient profiling schemes, 88 (49%) and 73 (41%) of a total of 178 products would be permitted to be advertised, respectively. The US IWG permitted 25 (14%) products; the Ofcom regulations permitted 65 (37%) and the Danish Code permitted 13 (7%).ConclusionGovernment‐led schemes are significantly more restrictive than industry‐led schemes, primarily due to their tougher sugar criteria. The Danish Forum (93%) and USA IWG scheme (86%) are the most restrictive of the five examined. Further harmonization of nutrient profiling schemes is needed to reduce children's exposure to the promotion of energy‐dense foods.
Specialty Care Delivery: Bringing Infectious Disease Expertise to the Residents of a Veterans Affairs Long‐Term Care Facility
Authors: Jump Robin L. P. , Olds Danielle M. , Jury Lucy A. , Sitzlar Brett , Saade Elie , Watts Brook , Bonomo Robert A. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo initiate a long‐term care facility (LTCF) infectious disease (LID) service that provides on‐site consultations to LTCF residents to improve the care of residents with possible infections.DesignClinical demonstration project.SettingA 160‐bed LTCF affiliated with a tertiary care Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital.ParticipantsResidents referred to the LID team.MeasurementsThe reason for and source of LTCF residents' referral to the LID team and their demographic characteristics, infectious disease diagnoses, interventions, and hospitalizations were determined.ResultsBetween July 2009 and December 2010, the LID consultation service provided 291 consultations for 250 LTCF residents. Referrals came from LTCF staff (75%) or the VA hospital's ID consult service (25%). The most common diagnoses were Clostridium difficile infection (14%), asymptomatic bacteriuria (10%), and urinary tract infection (10%). More than half of referred residents were receiving antibiotic therapy when they first saw the LID team; 46% of residents required an intervention. The most common interventions, stopping (32%) or starting (26%) antibiotics, were made in accordance with principles of antibiotic stewardship.ConclusionThe LID team represents a novel and effective means to bring subspecialty care to LTCF residents.
Clinical Changes in Older Adults During Hospitalization: Responsiveness of the interRAI Acute Care Instrument
Authors: Wellens Nathalie I. H. , Verbeke Geert , Flamaing Johan , Moons Philip , Boonen Steven , Tournoy Jos , Milisen Koen 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo evaluate the responsiveness of the Minimum Data Set interRAI Acute Care (AC), a comprehensive geriatric assessment system, to detect clinical changes in patient status during hospital stays.DesignAn explorative secondary data‐analysis comparing prospectively collected data with the interRAI AC before hospitalization, upon admission, and at discharge.SettingClinicians from multiple disciplines in nine geriatric and eight nongeriatric wards of nine acute hospitals performed the assessment.ParticipantsThe interRAI AC was administered serially to 256 geriatric inpatients (aged 83.2 ± 5.2; 60% female).MeasurementsResponsiveness (capacity to detect changes in patients) was calculated for the output scales on five domains: activities of daily living (ADLs), cognition, communication, depressive symptoms, and pain. Internal responsiveness was evaluated using the Friedman test and Guyatt technique.ResultsSignificant differences in clinical status were found for all five domains, based on the Friedman test. Post hoc tests revealed differences between each assessment period, except for cognition and communication from admission to discharge and for depressive symptoms from before admission to discharge. The Guyatt Responsiveness Index showed good to excellent capacity to detect longitudinal changes during hospitalization for cognition, communication, and pain and substantial performance for ADLs and depressive symptoms.ConclusionIn older inpatients, fluctuations in ADLs, cognition, communication, depressive symptoms, and pain can be captured using the interRAI AC output scales, enabling clinicians to evaluate longitudinal changes from admission to discharge and to provide a comparison with patient status before the acute onset of the illness. These results support the use of these scales in geriatric and nongeriatric wards.
Pharmacotherapeutic Management of Dementia Across Settings of Care
Authors: Rattinger Gail B. , Burcu Mehmet , Dutcher Sarah K. , Chhabra Pankdeep T. , Rosenberg Paul B. , Simoni‐Wastila Linda , Franey Christine S. , Walker Loreen D. , Zuckerman Ilene H. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo describe population‐based use of cognitive‐enhancing and psychopharmacological medications across care settings in Medicare beneficiaries with dementia.DesignOne‐year (2008) cross‐sectional study.SettingMedicare administrative claims from a 5% random sample.ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries with dementia aged 65 and older with continuous Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage and alive throughout 2008. To ascertain dementia, one or more medical claims with a dementia International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code was required before 2008, and an additional claim was required in 2008 to confirm active disease.MeasurementsUse of medications commonly prescribed in managing dementia (cognitive enhancers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers) was assessed using three measures: annual prevalence of use, consistency of use, and count of psychopharmacological medication classes. Care setting was determined using the number of months of nursing home (NH) residency: no NH (0 months), partial NH (1–11 months), and full NH (12 months).ResultsCommunity‐dwellers represented 41.3% of the cohort, whereas 42.4% and 16.3% resided partially and fully in a NH, respectively. Annual prevalence of use was 57.1% for cognitive enhancers, 56.4% for antidepressants, 34.0% for antipsychotics, and 8.8% for mood stabilizers. Cognitive enhancer use was significantly lower in those with any NH stay (partial NH vs no NH, adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 0.84, 99% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.86; full NH vs no NH, APR = 0.83, 99% CI = 0.81–0.85). In contrast, those with any NH residence had significantly higher use of all psychopharmacological medication classes than community‐dwellers. More than half the cohort had consistent medication regimens during 2008 (64.8%). The number of psychopharmacological medication classes used increased with increasing NH stay duration.ConclusionThis population‐based study documents significant differences in medication use for managing dementia between care settings and substantial use of psychopharmacological medications in older adults with dementia.
Exclusion of Older Adults from Ongoing Clinical Trials About Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cruz‐Jentoft Alfonso J. , Carpena‐Ruiz Marina , Montero‐Errasquín Beatriz , Sánchez‐Castellano Carmen , Sánchez‐García Elisabet 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the extent of exclusion of older individuals from ongoing clinical trials regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignCohort study.SettingWorld Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry Platform.ParticipantsUsing the Participation of the Elderly in Clinical Trials methodology, data from ongoing clinical trials on type 2 diabetes mellitus were extracted from the platform on July 31, 2011.MeasurementsProportion of trials excluding individuals using an arbitrary upper age limit or other exclusion criteria that might indirectly cause limited recruitment of older individuals. Exclusion criteria were classified as justified or poorly justified.ResultsOf 440 trials investigating treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus, 289 (65.7%) excluded individuals using an arbitrary upper age limit. Such exclusion was significantly more common in trials with calculated sample sizes of less than 100 subjects (73.6% vs 59.5%; P = .002). Exclusion for comorbidity was present in 338 trials (76.8%); this exclusion was poorly justified in 236 trials (53.6%). Exclusion for polypharmacy (29.5% of trials), cognitive impairment (18.4%), short life expectancy (8.9%), and other poorly justified exclusion criteria that could limit the inclusion of older individuals was also present. Only six trials (1.4%) were designed specifically to study older adults.ConclusionDespite the recommendations of international regulatory agencies, exclusion of older individuals from ongoing trials regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequent—higher than reported for other age‐related diseases. This exclusion limits the value of the evidence that clinicians use when treating old, frail, complex patients with diabetes mellitus.
Retracted: Muscles within muscles: a tensiomyographic and histochemical analysis of the normal human vastus medialis longus and vastus medialis obliquus muscles
Authors: Travnik Ludvik , Djordjevič Srdjan , Rozman Sergej , Hribernik Marija , Dahmane Raja 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to show the connection between structure (anatomical and histochemical) and function (muscle contraction properties) of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO) and vastus medialis longus (VML). The non‐invasive tensiomyography (TMG) method was used to determine the contractile properties (contraction time; Tc) of VML and VMO muscle, as a reflection of the ratio between the slow and fast fibers in two groups of nine young men. VML and VMO significantly (P < 0.01) differ in the proportion of type 1 (59.6: 44%) and type 2b (6.3: 15%) fibers. The VML muscle is almost entirely composed of type 1 and type 2a fibers. In many samples of this muscle no type 2b fibers were found. The proportion of slow‐twitch type 1 fibers is nearly twice as high as the proportion of fast‐twitch type 2a fibers. These observations indicate that VML is a slower and more fatigue‐resistant muscle than VMO muscle. These characteristics correspond to the different functions of the VML, which is an extensor of the knee, and to the VMO, which maintains the stable position of the patella in the femoral groove. Our results obtained by TMG provided additional evidence that muscle fibers within the segments of VM muscle were not homogenous with regard to their contractile properties, thereby confirming the histochemical results. Tc can be attributed to the higher percentage of slow‐twitch fibers – type 1. The statistically shorter Tc (P ≤ 0.001) of VMO (22.8 ± 4.0 ms) compared with VML (26.7 ± 4.0 ms) in our study is consistent with previously found differences in histochemical, morphological and electrophysiological data. In conclusion, the results of this study provide evidence that the VML and VMO muscles are not only anatomically and histochemically different muscles, but also functionally different biological structures.
Long‐term outcome of enzyme‐replacement therapy in advanced Fabry disease: evidence for disease progression towards serious complications
Authors: Weidemann F. , Niemann M. , Störk S. , Breunig F. , Beer M. , Sommer C. , Herrmann S. , Ertl G. , Wanner C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe long‐term effects of enzyme‐replacement therapy (ERT) in Fabry disease are unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether ERT in patients with advanced Fabry disease affects progression towards ‘hard’ clinical end‐points in comparison with the natural course of the disease.MethodsA total of 40 patients with genetically proven Fabry disease (mean age 40 ± 9 years; n = 9 women) were treated prospectively with ERT for 6 years. In addition, 40 subjects from the Fabry Registry, matched for age, sex, chronic kidney disease stage and previous transient ischaemic attack (TIA), served as a comparison group. The main outcome was a composite of stroke, end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and death. Secondary outcomes included changes in myocardial left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and replacement fibrosis, change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), new TIA and change in neuropathic pain.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 6.0 years (bottom and top quartiles: 5.1, 7.2), 15 events occurred in 13 patients (n = 7 deaths, n = 4 cases of ESRD and n = 4 strokes). Sudden death occurred (n = 6) only in patients with documented ventricular tachycardia and myocardial replacement fibrosis. The annual progression of myocardial LV fibrosis in the entire cohort was 0.6 ± 0.7%. As a result, posterior end‐diastolic wall thinning was observed (baseline, 13.2 ± 2.0 mm; follow‐up, 11.4 ± 2.1 mm; P < 0.01). GFR decreased by 2.3 ± 4.6 mL min−1 per year. Three patients experienced a TIA. The major clinical symptom was neuropathic pain (n = 37), and this symptom improved in 25 patients. The event rate was not different between the ERT group and the untreated (natural history) group of the Fabry Registry.ConclusionDespite ERT, clinically meaningful events including sudden cardiac death continue to develop in patients with advanced Fabry disease.
Held to a different standard: Racial differences in the impact of lateness on advancement opportunity
Authors: Luksyte Aleksandra , Waite Eleanor , Avery Derek R. , Roy Rumela 
Published: April 2013

Racial biases affect many important personnel decisions such as performance appraisal and promotion. Yet, little is known about how these biases might influence evaluations of employee lateness behaviour. Integrating attribution theory and research on racial stereotypes and meta‐stereotypes, we investigated whether tardy Black and Hispanic employees are penalized harsher than their White counterparts in terms of unfavourable personnel outcomes. Findings from a national US survey (N = 2,789) showed that Black employees perceive fewer advancement opportunities the more often they are late – an effect that did not hold true for Hispanic or White incumbents. A follow‐up experimental study with full‐time working adults (N = 204) further illustrated that the tardiness of Black, but not White, employees negatively impacts their performance appraisal ratings and subsequent chances of advancement. This model of differential penalization of lateness behaviour suggests similar processes may generalize to other forms of stereotypical misbehaviour in organizations.Practitioner Points

Both employees and managers should be made aware that lateness behaviours are viewed differently for Black, White and Hispanic employees with the penalizing effect applying only to Black employees.

Managers should avoid differential evaluation of the same lateness behaviour of their racially diverse employees when evaluating performance and making subsequent promotion decisions.

Managers could be trained to focus on behaviours, not the race of employees, when making important personnel decisions.
Unpacking the cross‐level effects of tenure diversity, explicit knowledge, and knowledge sharing on individual creativity
Authors: Gilson Lucy L. , Lim Hyoun Sook , Luciano Margaret M. , Choi Jin Nam 
Published: April 2013

The composition of the workforce with regard to organizational tenure is rapidly changing. In this paper, we examine the cross‐level effects of tenure diversity on individual‐level creativity. In keeping with the categorization‐elaboration model, we propose individual‐level explicit knowledge as a mediating mechanism between tenure diversity and individual creativity, and knowledge sharing as moderating the relationship between tenure diversity and individual explicit knowledge. Using a sample of 341 Korean insurance agents from 76 groups, we find that knowledge sharing moderates the relationship between tenure diversity and individual explicit knowledge. Results further support the direction of the hypothesized relationships, with tenure diversity positively influencing individual explicit knowledge at high levels of knowledge sharing and exhibiting a negative influence at low levels. Individual explicit knowledge carries these indirect effects to individual creativity, although directional significance was only found at extremely high and low values.Practitioner PointsTenure diversity is now a fact of organizational life that managers need to embrace. While our results suggest that tenure diversity is positively related to individual creativity, individual explicit knowledge and knowledge sharing play important roles in the association.Knowledge sharing appears to be a key boundary condition, which modifies the influence of tenure diversity on individual explicit knowledge. Working in a diverse group is not enough; the knowledge has to be shared.Individual explicit knowledge mediates the relationship between tenure diversity and individual creativity; it carries a positive indirect effect when knowledge sharing is high and a negative indirect effect when knowledge sharing is low. For complex jobs, where creativity is desired, but much of the work is independent, managers need to encourage employees with diverse levels of tenure to share experiences and ways of performing their tasks.
Marginal bone loss of two implant systems with three different superstructure materials: a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Türk A. G. , Ulusoy M. , Toksavul S. , Güneri P. , Koca H. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryMarginal bone level is a criterion for implant success. The aetiological factors of bone loss have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of implant systems and prosthetic materials on the marginal bone loss. Twenty‐three patients participated; two implant systems and three superstructure materials were used in this study. Twenty‐two of the implants were restored with porcelain fused to base metal alloy (BMA), 25 with porcelain fused to noble metal alloy (NMA) and 20 with zirconium oxide‐based ceramics. Radiographs were taken at baseline and 3, 6 and 12 months after loading. Crestal bone‐level changes were assessed with digital subtraction radiographs. The effects of superstructure materials and implants were evaluated with one‐way anova and independent samples t‐test, respectively (α = 0·05). The mean crestal bone loss was found 0·483 mm in 3 months, 0·622 mm in 6 months and 0·816 mm in 12 months. Prosthetic materials were found to have greater effect (β = 0·575, P = 0·015) on crestal bone loss than implant systems (P > 0·05). The porcelain fused to BMA restorations showed higher crestal bone loss than NMA‐based restorations (P = 0·003) at 3 months, (P = 0·038), at 6 months and (P = 0·00) at 12 months; however, crestal bone loss differences between NMA and zirconia were not significant (P = 0·629) at 3 months, (P = 0·974) at 6 months and (P = 1) at 12 months. Within the limitations of this study, our results revealed that rather than the implant systems, prosthetic materials seemed to have an effective role on crestal bone.
Effects of lawsone methyl ether mouthwash on oral Candida in HIV‐infected subjects and subjects with denture stomatitis
Authors: Nittayananta Wipawee , Pangsomboon Kanokporn , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom , Chanowanna Nilnara , Chelae Sureerat , Vuddhakul Varaporn , Sukhumungoon Pharanai , Pruphetkaew Nannapat 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesTo determine (i) effects of lawsone methyl ether (LME) mouthwash on antifungal drug resistance of oral Candida, (ii) effects of LME mouthwash on changes in genotype of oral Candida, and (iii) allergy and subjects' satisfaction on LME mouthwash in comparison with chlorhexidine (CHX).Materials and methodsA randomized clinical trial was conducted in HIV‐infected subjects and denture wearers receiving either LME or CHX mouthwash. Candidal culture by oral rinse technique was performed as baseline and after using the mouthwash for 2 weeks. Antifungal drug resistance and changes in genotype of oral Candida were assessed by microdilution assay, inverted repeat polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays, respectively. Allergy and subjects' satisfaction on the mouthwashes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsTwenty‐nine HIV‐infected subjects (age range, 26–54 years; mean age, 41 years) and 38 denture wearers (age range, 27–76 years; mean age, 55 years) were enrolled. C. albicans was the most common specie found in both groups followed by C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. glabrata. Neither antifungal drug resistance nor significant changes in genotyping of Candida were noted among those receiving LME mouthwash. Subjects' satisfaction on taste and smell of LME mouthwash was comparable to that of CHX.ConclusionsUse of LME mouthwash for 2 weeks neither led to antifungal drug resistance nor significant changes in genotype of oral Candida. Thus, LME may be an alternative mouthwash in prophylaxis of oral candidiasis among those at risk of developing the disease.