bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-Up Study of Children Born from Unwanted Pregnancies
Authors: Matějček Zdeněk , Dytrych Zdeněk , Schüller Vratislav 
Published: March 2013

220 children born in Prague in 1961-63 when their mothers applied twice and were refused twice an interruption of this pregnancy were matched to children born from accepted pregnancies. The findings at the children's ninth year of age revealed some important differences in the disfavour of 'unwanted children'. Both groups have been examined after a further six years. Differences in school achievement and in ratings of child's personality are more pronounced now than before. In Schludermann's CRPBI, unwanted children score significantly lower in 'mother's positive interest' and in 'directivity'. The period of adolescence seems to enhance the social risk of children once born from unwanted pregnancies.
Elements Contributing to a Theory and a Methodology of Action-Research in Education
Authors: Bataille Michel , Clanet Claude 
Published: March 2013

By endeavouring to go beyond the opposition between two modes of apprehension, one of an objectivist nature and the other of a phenomenological nature, there emerges the broad outline of an approach peculiar to action-research, which is characterised essentially by taking into account a dialectic expressed through systems of "loops" between subject and object, theory and practice, etc. Around these concepts of complexity and proximity/distance are subsequently presented some aspects of the changes produced by such an approach (the position of the researcher, the relations between theory and practice, the concept of change). These theoretical considerations are illustrated from some aspects of an actionresearch project now in progress (the ARPEGE action-research project on home-school co-operation in education [1] at pre-school and elementary level).
Is Imprinting an Appropriate Model for Human Infant Attachment?
Authors: Reed G. L. , Leiderman P. H. 
Published: March 2013

We generalized the results of animal imprinting studies to see if they predict the development of attachment in 28 polymatrically-reared, Kenyan Gusii infants, whose ages were 6 to 30 months. The hypotheses tested were: (1) there is a sensitive phase for attachment; (2) there is an association between age of infant attachment and developmental level, as well as between age of attachment and caregiving history. Our results provide evidence against a sensitive phase for attachment: infants throughout the age range of the sample showed shifts in attachments, and no particular epoch in the infant's caregiving history was found to be most important in predicting their first attachment figure. There was an association between age of attachment, and both developmental level, and caregiving history. Early attached infants had higher scores on the Bayley Mental Development Index and less maternal body contact than their age matched peers. We may conclude, therefore, that, so far as is at present known, the way in which attachment behavior develops in the human infant and becomes focused on a discriminated figure is sufficiently like the way in which it develops in other mammals, and in birds, for it to be included, legitimately, under the heading of imprinting so long as that term is used in its current generic sense. (Bowlby 1969: 223.)
Categorization by Children and Adults in Communication Contexts
Authors: Skeen Judith A. , Rogoff Barbara , Ellis Shari 
Published: March 2013

An important difference between laboratory and real life categorization is that in everyday use, categorization generally serves as the means to an end (e.g., arranging the kitchen to be able to find things efficiently), rather than the end itself. Laboratory classification studies have found increases with development in the use of nominal rather than functional categories, with nominal categorization regarded as the superior strategy. The present study examines developmental differences in category labeling in a communication situation. Adult women and 9-year-old children instructed 7-year-olds in the organization of groceries in a mock kitchen or of photographs of common objects into compartments as a "homework" assignment. In contrast with the usual laboratory findings, both adults and children gave more functional than nominal labels. The adults' greater use of functional labels appeared only in the homework task, and not in the kitchen task. The results lend support to the suggestion that category use varies according to the context and purpose of the categorization.
Classification in Children: Two Developmental Information-Processing Models
Authors: Morra Sergio 
Published: March 2013

Two different theories (Pascual-Leone's and Keating's) of information processing capacity development allow predictions about subjects' performance in some classification tasks. M-space and its interaction with cognitive style are constructs of Pascual-Leone's neo-Piagetian theory, evaluated here together with a micromodel for classification problems, consistent with the same theory, proposed by Morra. Keating and Bobbitt maintain that cognitive processes can be divided in phases; their construct of efficiency in the "operation" phase is evaluated. Subjects are 40 6-year-olds, selected out of 76. Predictions drawn from Keating and Bobbitt's model are falsified most likely because of the inadequacy of models based on subtractive analysis of reaction times. Predictions from Pascual Leone's theory are almost wholly confirmed. However, some unpredicted (but compatible) data raise the problem of a rediscussion of the "schema" construct, proposed by Piaget and incorporated in the neo-Piagetian theory.
Narrative and Logical Strategies in Socio-cognitive Interaction between Children
Authors: Fonzi Ada , Smorti Andrea 
Published: March 2013

This study is an analysis of the "meaning giving" process in children when they have to classify empirical objects. There are three stages to the experiment: (1) the children performed a classification task individually; (2) they performed it with a companion; (3) in the individual control situation they performed it again but alone. The aim of this research project was to establish: (1) how children change the meanings they give to objects when they move from an individual situation to a social one; and (2) the role of the two children's different classification strategies in the negotiation of shared meanings. The sample consisted of 72 6-year-old children. Three different classification criteria were distinguished: category; function; and narrative. The results showed that children who used narrative criteria in the first phase ("narrative children") modified them during the second phase in favour of more categorial criteria. Analysis of the interactional process revealed that narrative children were significantly more willing than "logical children" (who had used categorial criteria in the first phase) to come to terms with their companion's point of view. In the third phase both types of children changed their classification strategies, in part absorbing their companion's classification approach. We conclude that: (1) the personal approach to giving a meaning to objects influences the individual child's interaction strategies; and (2) the experience of comparison and social conflict modifies attribution of meaning in narrative and logical children.
KIR2DS1-dependent acquisition of CCR7 and migratory properties by human NK cells interacting with allogeneic HLA-C2+ DCs or T-cell blasts
Authors: Marcenaro Emanuela , Pesce Silvia , Sivori Simona , Carlomagno Simona , Moretta Lorenzo , Moretta Alessandro 
Published: March 2013

Key PointsCCR7 uptake by NK cells can be strongly induced by major histocompatibility complex–specific activating KIRs, in particular by KIR2DS1 (specific for HLA-C2). The KIR2DS1-induced CCR7 expression on NK cells may expand greatly the contingent of alloreactive NK cells migrating to secondary lymphoid compartments after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Protein function annotation with Structurally Aligned Local Sites of Activity (SALSAs)
Authors: Wang Zhouxi , Yin Pengcheng , Lee Joslynn S , Parasuram Ramya , Somarowthu Srinivas , Ondrechen Mary Jo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The prediction of biochemical function from the 3D structure of a protein has proved to be much more difficult than was originally foreseen. A reliable method to test the likelihood of putative annotations and to predict function from structure would add tremendous value to structural genomics data. We report on a new method, Structurally Aligned Local Sites of Activity (SALSA), for the prediction of biochemical function based on a local structural match at the predicted catalytic or binding site.

Results
Implementation of the SALSA method is described. For the structural genomics protein PY01515 (PDB ID 2aqw) from Plasmodium yoelii, it is shown that the putative annotation, Orotidine 5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMPDC), is most likely correct. SALSA analysis of YP_001304206.1 (PDB ID 3h3l), a putative sugar hydrolase from Parabacteroides distasonis, shows that its active site does not bear close resemblance to any previously characterized member of its superfamily, the Concanavalin A-like lectins/glucanases. It is noted that three residues in the active site of the thermophilic beta-1,4-xylanase from Nonomuraea flexuosa (PDB ID 1m4w), Y78, E87, and E176, overlap with POOL-predicted residues of similar type, Y168, D153, and E232, in YP_001304206.1. The substrate recognition regions of the two proteins are rather different, suggesting that YP_001304206.1 is a new functional type within the superfamily. A structural genomics protein from Mycobacterium avium (PDB ID 3q1t) has been reported to be an enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH), but SALSA analysis shows a poor match between the predicted residues for the SG protein and those of known ECHs. A better local structural match is obtained with Anabaena beta-diketone hydrolase (ABDH), a known β-diketone hydrolase from Cyanobacterium anabaena (PDB ID 2j5s). This suggests that the reported ECH function of the SG protein is incorrect and that it is more likely a β-diketone hydrolase.

Conclusions
A local site match provides a more compelling function prediction than that obtainable from a simple 3D structure match. The present method can confirm putative annotations, identify misannotation, and in some cases suggest a more probable annotation.
MicroRNAs and their putative targets in Brassica napusseed maturation
Authors: Huang Daiqing , Koh Chushin , Feurtado J Allan , Tsang Edward WT , Cutler Adrian J 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20–21 nucleotide RNA molecules that suppress the transcription of target genes and may also inhibit translation. Despite the thousands of miRNAs identified and validated in numerous plant species, only small numbers have been identified from the oilseed crop plant Brassica napus (canola) – especially in seeds.

Results
Using next-generation sequencing technologies, we performed a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs during seed maturation at 9 time points from 10 days after flowering (DAF) to 50 DAF using whole seeds and included separate analyses of radicle, hypocotyl, cotyledon, embryo, endosperm and seed coat tissues at 4 selected time points. We identified more than 500 conserved miRNA or variant unique sequences with >300 sequence reads and also found 10 novel miRNAs. Only 27 of the conserved miRNA sequences had been previously identified in B. napus (miRBase Release 18). More than 180 MIRNA loci were identified/annotated using the B. rapa genome as a surrogate for the B.napus A genome. Numerous miRNAs were expressed in a stage- or tissue-specific manner suggesting that they have specific functions related to the fine tuning of transcript abundance during seed development. miRNA targets in B. napus were predicted and their expression patterns profiled using microarray analyses. Global correlation analysis of the expression patterns of miRNAs and their targets revealed complex miRNA-target gene regulatory networks during seed development. The miR156 family was the most abundant and the majority of the family members were primarily expressed in the embryo.

Conclusions
Large numbers of miRNAs with diverse expression patterns, multiple-targeting and co-targeting of many miRNAs, and complex relationships between expression of miRNAs and targets were identified in this study. Several key miRNA-target expression patterns were identified and new roles of miRNAs in regulating seed development are suggested. miR156, miR159, miR172, miR167, miR158 and miR166 are the major contributors to the network controlling seed development and maturation through their pivotal roles in plant development. miR156 may regulate the developmental transition to germination.
Reference values for glomerular filtration rate in healthy Brazilian adults
Authors: Soares Ariana Aguiar , Prates Aline Bodanese , Weinert Letícia Schwerz , Veronese Francisco Veríssimo , Azevedo Mirela Jobim de , Silveiro Sandra Pinho 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the best index of renal function, but age, gender and ethnicity can putatively affect its values. The aim of this study was to establish reference values for GFR in healthy Brazilian subjects while taking these factors into account.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, GFR was measured by the 51Cr-EDTA single-injection method. GFR reference values were developed according to CLSI Guidelines for Defining, Establishing, and Verifying Reference Intervals in the Clinical Laboratory (CLSI C28 protocol).

Results
The age range of the 285 healthy individuals was 19 to 70 years, 57% were females, and GFR was 106 ± 18 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was no difference between male and female GFRs (108 ± 18 vs. 104 ± 18 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively, P = 0.134), and reference values were therefore developed from the pooled sample. GFR values were lower in subjects aged ≥45 years as compared with those younger than 45 years (98 ± 15 vs.112 ± 18 mL/min/1.73 m2, P < 0.001). Based on mean ± 2 SD, GFR reference values were 76 to 148 mL/min/1.73 m2 for subjects younger than 45 years and 68 to 128 mL/min/1.73 m2 for individuals older than 45 years, irrespective of gender.

Conclusion
The age-adjusted reference intervals reported may be reliably adopted to evaluate kidney function, since they are based on recommended standards.
Bcl-2 associated athanogene 5 (Bag5) is overexpressed in prostate cancer and inhibits ER-stress induced apoptosis
Authors: Bruchmann Anja , Roller Corinna , Walther Tamara Vanessa , Schäfer Georg , Lehmusvaara Sara , Visakorpi Tapio , Klocker Helmut , Cato Andrew C B , Maddalo Danilo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
The Bag (Bcl-2 associated athanogene) family of proteins consists of 6 members sharing a common, single-copied Bag domain through which they interact with the molecular chaperone Hsp70. Bag5 represents an exception in the Bag family since it consists of 5 Bag domains covering the whole protein. Bag proteins like Bag1 and Bag3 have been implicated in tumor growth and survival but it is not known whether Bag5 also exhibits this function.

Methods
Bag5 mRNA and protein expression levels were investigated in prostate cancer patient samples using real-time PCR and immunoblot analyses. In addition immunohistological studies were carried out to determine the expression of Bag5 in tissue arrays. Analysis of Bag5 gene expression was carried out using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison test. The mean values of the Bag5 stained cells in the tissue array was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Functional studies of the role of Bag5 in prostate cancer cell lines was performed using overexpression and RNA interference analyses.

Results
Our results show that Bag5 is overexpressed in malignant prostate tissue compared to benign samples. In addition we could show that Bag5 levels are increased following endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress induction, and Bag5 relocates from the cytoplasm to the ER during this process. We also demonstrate that Bag5 interacts with the ER-resident chaperone GRP78/BiP and enhances its ATPase activity. Bag5 overexpression in 22Rv.1 prostate cancer cells inhibited ER-stress induced apoptosis in the unfolded protein response by suppressing PERK-eIF2-ATF4 activity while enhancing the IRE1-Xbp1 axis of this pathway. Cells expressing high levels of Bag5 showed reduced sensitivity to apoptosis induced by different agents while Bag5 downregulation resulted in increased stress-induced cell death.

Conclusions
We have therefore shown that Bag5 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and plays a role in ER-stress induced apoptosis. Furthermore we have identified GRP78/BiP as a novel interaction partner of Bag5.
Gait speed correlates in a multiracial population of community-dwelling older adults living in Brazil: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Ruggero Cintia Regina , Bilton Tereza Lofredo , Teixeira Luiza Faria , Ramos Juliane de Lemos Armada , Alouche Sandra Regina , Dias Rosangela Correa , Perracini Monica Rodrigues 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Gait speed is a strong predictor of a wide range of adverse health outcomes in older adults. Mean values for gait speed in community-dwelling older adults vary substantially depending on population characteristics, suggesting that social, biological, or health factors might explain why certain groups tend to self-select their gait speed in different patterns. The vast majority of studies reported in the literature present data from North American and European populations. There are few population-based studies from other regions with a different ethnicity and/or social and health conditions. To address this, the present study identified the mean usual and fast gait speeds in a representative multiracial population of community-dwelling older adults living in a developing country, and explored their association with sociodemographic, mental and physical health characteristics.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional population-based study of a sample of 137 men and 248 women, aged 65 years and over. Usual gait speed and fast gait speed were measured on a 4.6 m path. Participants were classified into slow, intermediate, and faster groups by cluster analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the independent effect of each factor on the odds of presenting with a slower usual and slower fast gait speeds.

Results
Participants had a mean (SD) usual gait speed of 1.11 (0.27) m/s and a mean fast gait speed of 1.39 (0.34) m/s. We did not observe an independent association between gait speed and race/ethnicity, educational level, or income. The main contributors to present a slower usual gait speed were low physical activity level, stroke, diabetes, urinary incontinence, high concern about falling, and old age. A slower fast gait speed was associated with old age, low physical activity, urinary incontinence and high concern about falling.

Conclusion
A multiracial population of older adults living in a developing country showed a similar mean gait speed to that observed in previously studied populations. The results suggest that low physical activity, urinary incontinence and high concern about falling should not be neglected and may help identify those who might benefit from early intervention.
Enzymatic activity of a subtilisin homolog, Tk-SP, from Thermococcus kodakarensisin detergents and its ability to degrade the abnormal prion protein
Authors: Hirata Azumi , Hori Yuki , Koga Yuichi , Okada Jun , Sakudo Akikazu , Ikuta Kazuyoshi , Kanaya Shigenori , Takano Kazufumi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Tk-SP is a member of subtilisin-like serine proteases from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. It has been known that the hyper-stable protease, Tk-SP, could exhibit enzymatic activity even at high temperature and in the presence of chemical denaturants. In this work, the enzymatic activity of Tk-SP was measured in the presence of detergents and EDTA. In addition, we focused to demonstrate that Tk-SP could degrade the abnormal prion protein (PrPSc), a protease-resistant isoform of normal prion protein (PrPC).

Results
Tk-SP was observed to maintain its proteolytic activity with nonionic surfactants and EDTA at 80°C. We optimized the condition in which Tk-SP functions efficiently, and demonstrated that the enzyme is highly stable in the presence of 0.05% (w/v) nonionic surfactants and 0.01% (w/v) EDTA, retaining up to 80% of its activity. Additionally, we also found that Tk-SP can degrade PrPSc to a level undetectable by western-blot analysis.

Conclusions
Our results indicate that Tk-SP has a great potential for technological applications, such as thermo-stable detergent additives. In addition, it is also suggested that Tk-SP-containing detergents can be developed to decrease the secondary infection risks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE).
Different responses to oxidized low-density lipoproteins in human polarized macrophages
Authors: Hirose Kuniaki , Iwabuchi Kazuhisa , Shimada Kazunori , Kiyanagi Takashi , Iwahara Chihiro , Nakayama Hitoshi , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundOxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) uptake by macrophages plays an important role in foam cell formation. It has been suggested the presence of heterogeneous subsets of macrophage, such as M1 and M2, in human atherosclerotic lesions. To evaluate which types of macrophages contribute to atherogenesis, we performed cDNA microarray analysis to determine oxLDL-induced transcriptional alterations of each subset of macrophages.ResultsHuman monocyte-derived macrophages were polarized toward the M1 or M2 subset, followed by treatment with oxLDL. Then gene expression levels during oxLDL treatment in each subset of macrophages were evaluated by cDNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. In terms of high-ranking upregulated genes and functional ontologies, the alterations during oxLDL treatment in M2 macrophages were similar to those in nonpolarized macrophages (M0). Molecular network analysis showed that most of the molecules in the oxLDL-induced highest scoring molecular network of M1 macrophages were directly or indirectly related to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed commonly upregulated genes in all subset of macrophages, some of which contained antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their promoter regions. A cluster of genes that were specifically upregulated in M1 macrophages included those encoding molecules related to nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-8 after oxLDL treatment in M2 macrophages was markedly lower than those in M0 and M1 cells.HMOX1gene expression levels were almost the same in all 3 subsets of macrophages even after oxLDL treatment.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated transcriptional alterations in polarized macrophages during oxLDL treatment. The data suggested that oxLDL uptake may affect TGF-β1- and NF-κB-mediated functions of M1 macrophages, but not those of M0 or M2 macrophages. It is likely that M1 macrophages characteristically respond to oxLDL.