bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION TECHNIQUES AND HIDROTHERAPY TO IMPROVE KNEE STABILITY AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Boca Ioan-Cosmin , Dan Mirela 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a significant process which may decisively influence patient capacity to return to usual activity levels. Physiotherapy has a favourable influence on improving stability in the ACL deficient knee by using physical exercise and manual contact, the most affordable methods that can be used to improve quality of life. A combination of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) tehniques and hydrotherapy is a treatment that can prevent stability loss and serve as an adjunct to conventional therapy.PurposeTo compare the effect of adding a combination of PNF tehniques and hydrotherapy (research group) to a standard postoperative rehabilitation program (control group).MethodsA total of fourty patients completed a standard rehabilitation program and in addition, twenty of them underwent 10-minute sessions of PNF tehniques and 15-minute sessions of hydrotherapy (34–36°C) each day, five days a week, for four weeks. Outcome measures including knee range of motion (ROM), manual muscle testing of flexors and extensors of the knee, functional assessment using Modified Cincinnati Knee Rating System (MCKRS), were assessed at baseline (initial assessment) and at four weeks (final assessment).ResultsThe research group achieved significantly better results at the end of rehabilitation program compared with the control group. ROM of the reaserch group increased by 52.8° for flexion and 3.2° for extension, between the initial and final measurements in the injured knee. The corresponding changes for control group were 44° for flexion and 2° for extension.Extensor strength of the reaserch group increased by 40% and 22% for flexors, between the initial and final measurements in the injured knee, comparative to the control group where the increase was by 30% for extensors and 20% for flexors.The functional score with respect to the MCKRS, for the research group, improved by 36.4% between the initial and final measurements, whereas the corresponding changes for the control group were 25.8%.ConclusionPNF tehniques and hydrotherapy combined with standard rehabilitation program is effective at accelerating recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
DOPING AND SUPPLEMENT: THE ATTITUDE OF IRANIAN NATIONAL TEAM COACHES
Authors: Golshanraz A , Same-Siahkalroodi L , Poor-Kazemi L 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundSupplement use is common in sport. Burns (2004), reported that 88.0% of the questions athletes used at least one supplements and 58% admitted using more than one type.1Besides their cost, use of supplements may have side effects on general health and sports performance. Nobody cannot ignore role of coach in athletes sport achievement. Fung and Juan (2006) found there was a large discrepancy between coaches' perceived knowledge and actual knowledge.2MethodsThis studies utilized a cross-sectional survey design and cluster sampling. 95 validated questionnaires were distributed among national team coaches in 30 different fields of sports. A questionnaire designed to explore coaches' attitude to supplement consumption by athletes, beliefs and knowledge regarding dietary supplements. Mean age of participants was 36 years.ResultsThe knowledge of coaches about supplements was good in 42.3%, fair in 51.2%, and poor in 6.5%; whilst 74.6% felt that they have little knowledge and 83.7% were eager to learn more about supplements' effects on general health, performance enhancing properties and potential negative side effects. 68.3% stated that supplements are unavoidable part of competitive sports. They thought over than 80% of elite athletes use supplements. They revealed 19% experience of inadvertent doping due to supplement contamination with prohibited substances. They expressed athletes like have a recommendation of sport supplements use by nutritionists (32.4%), medical doctors (26.1%), coaches (20%), fitness trainers (12.6%) and pharmacists (8.9%). They cited athletes using supplements based on recommendation (48.6%), brand (31.3%), advertising claims (21%), availability (18%) and price (12%).DiscussionOur study revealed that many coaches mentioned that athletes should acquire information from nutritionists, medical doctors, coaches, fitness trainers and pharmacists. Consistent with our research, Malinauskas et al. in their study found that 71% of athletes considered coaches the best consultants regarding sports supplements.3It is evident that coaches can be a reliable information source if they improve their knowledge. So that, sport organizations can schedule educational sessions for coaches to develop their nutrition and supplement information. Subsequently they can transfer the information to athletes for best practice.
ASSESSMENT OF IN VIVO LOADING HISTORY OF THE PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT- A STUDY COMBINING PATELLAR POSITION, TILT, ALIGNMENT AND BONE SPECT/CT TRACER UPTAKE/DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS
Authors: Hirschmann Michael Tobias , Schön Stephan , Afifi Faik , Rasch Helmut , Testa Enrique Adrian , Friederich Niklaus , Arnold Markus 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionSPECT/CT could be used to evaluate the in vivo loading pattern of the patellofemoral joint before and after realignment surgery. The purpose of this study is to investigate, whether the patella position (height and tilt) influences the intensity values as well as the distribution pattern of SPECT/CT tracer uptake in the patellofemoral joint.Methods99mTc-HDP-SPECT/CT and conventional radiographs of consecutive 84 knees were prospectively obtained. Lateral radiographs were then analysed in terms of patellar height, the Insall-Salvati index and the modified Insall-Salvati index. Skyline views were analysed measuring the lateral patellofemoral angle according to Laurin. On long leg radiographs the mechanical leg alignment was classified as varus, valgus or neutral. 99mTc-HDP-SPECT/CT images were analysed for each anatomical region using a previously validated SPECT/CT localisation and grading algorithm. Mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum of grading for each area of the localization scheme were recorded using a semiquantitative colour-coded grading scale (0–10). Nonparametric Spearman correlation coefficients were used to correlate the patella height, the lateral patellar angle and leg alignment measurements with the intensity of tracer uptake in each area of interest. Chi square statistics were used for categorical data. The level of statistical significance was p<0.05.Results16 (19%) knees showed valgus, 34 (40.5%) varus and 34 (40.5%) neutral mechanical alignment. A lower patella position correlated significantly with higher 99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT tracer uptake in all patellar and lateral femoral regions (p<0.001). A higher lateral patellar angle correlated significantly with higher 99mTc-HDP tracer uptake in the superior lateral femoral parts and the tibial tubercle. The intensity of 99mTc-HDP SPECT/CT tracer uptake on the medial part of the patellofemoral joint significantly correlated with mechanical varus alignment of the knee (p<0.05). The intensity of 99mTc-HDP tracer uptake on the lateral part of the patellofemoral joint significantly correlated with mechanical valgus alignment of the knee (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe intensity and distribution of the SPECT/CT significantly correlated with patella infera and patellar tilt angle, measured in conventional radiographs. Hence, SPECT/CT should be considered as imaging modality for evaluating patients with patellofemoral disorders and for follow-up of patients after patellofemoral realignment procedures.
CFD ANALYSIS OF THE BODY POSITION DURING THE GLIDING IN SWIMMING
Authors: A Marinho Daniel , Novais M L , R Mantha Vishveshwar , J Ramos Rui , M Barbosa Tiago , I Rouboa Abel , J Silva António 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe swimmer's body position after immersion determines the success of the start rather than his/her starting body position in the block or during the fly.1There are swimmers gliding in a lateral position whereas others prefer a prone one. Moreover, during this phase, swimmers may alter their body posture and, as far as some techniques are concerned, swimmers must change the position of the limbs.2The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of body positions in drag coefficient during the glide in swimming using computational fluid dynamics.MethodsIn order to create the three-dimensional digital model computer tomography scans of a human body of a male swimmer were applied3. The swimmer was modelled as if he were gliding underwater in a streamlined position, at four different body positions: (i) in the prone position, (ii) in a side position with an absolute angle between the horizontal plane with the body coronal plane of 45°, (iii) in a side position with 90° of rotation and, (iv) in the dorsal position. The boundary conditions of the model were designed to represent the geometry and flow conditions of a part of a lane in a swimming pool. Steady-state computational fluid dynamics analyses were performed using the Fluent® code and the drag coefficient was computed for velocities of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 m/s.ResultsDrag coefficient reaches its lowest value in the prone position, followed by the side position with 45° of rotation (0.29%, 0.15%, 0.01% drag increment for 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 m/s, respectively), the side position with 90° of rotation (1.03%, 0.94%, 0.64% increment), and the dorsal position (2.21%, 1.42%, 0.96% increment), in which the highest value of drag coefficient is obtained.Discussion/ConclusionsMain data shows that the prone position presented the lowest drag coefficient values, whereas dorsal position presented the highest values during the underwater gliding. The prone position seems to be the one that should be adopted after the starts and turns phases of a competitive swimming event, especially during freestyle events and after pushing-off from the wall during the turn where swimmers can freely choose the best body position.
ANXIETY AND INJURIES IN SOCCER PLAYERS
Authors: Vago Paola , Casolo Francesco , Lovecchio Nicola , Colombo Lucia , Gatti Monica 
Published: June 2013

Soccer is among the most played and most popular sports in the world. The average incidence of injuries per game is 2.7 and that an adult soccer player has at least one injury per year (Roi G.S., Della Villa S., 2011). Findings from recent studies suggest that psychological factors such as somatic trait anxiety and daily hassles are associated with increased risk of injury (Johnson and Ivarsson, 2013). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between anxiety and injury in adult male soccer players.MethodThe participants of the study were 100 amauteur male soccer players (aged 18 to 45). Each player filled in a qualitative questionnaire about his personal characteristics and sport practice (training, matches, etc.) and previous injuries (muscle, meniscal, injuries, tendinopathies, fractures, etc.). The participants also completed the Stai–State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielbergeret al, 1968). This questionnaire investigates the anxiety level, both in a specific situation (before the match, in this study) and in everyday life.ResultsThe data were tested for correlations between anxiety (state and trait) levels and number of injuries (divided in specific types). Tendinopathies positively correlated both with state (rho=0.243; p<0.05) and trait anxiety (rho=0.205; p<0.05). Also fractures positively correlated both with state (rho=0.295; p<0.01) and trait anxiety (rho=0.368; p<0.01).Differences in injuries between participants who reported high or low anxiety levels were also explored. Players with higher level of state anxiety (N=35) reported more tendinopathies (p<0.01) and fractures (p<0.01). Similarly, players with higher levels of trait anxiety (N=33) reported more tendinopathies (p<0.05) and fractures (p<0.01).DiscussionThe present results support the contention that anxiety is an important factor, significantly associated with injuries, such as tendinopathies and fractures. In addict, several studies have shown that lack of readiness to take action, tough-mindedness or presence of a generalized high status of muscle tone, might be factors related to injury in a player with anxiety traits. Hence, with respect to psychological components, situation-related emotional states and coping resources may represent important avenues for interventions aimed at preserving health status and preventing injuries in soccer players.
MUSCLE AND TENDON INJURIES AT AN INTERNATIONAL MULTI-SPORT TOURNAMENT: EUROPEAN MACCABI GAMES 2011
Authors: Broman Daniel , Fearn Robert , Wittenberg Marc 
Published: June 2013

A multi-sport event poses a different variety of problems for a medical team, when compared to tournaments of specific sports, due to the diverse range of injuries that occur. There is a lot of data about injury rates in specific sports, but data on epidemiology of medical problems at multi-sports events is limited.Our aim was to research the injuries that occur during multi-sport tournaments, by performing a prospective cross-sectional data collection study, as the medical team covering Team GB for the European Maccabi Games 2011. We collected injury profile statistics in relation to the sport played, age of patient, ‘type’ of injury sustained, anatomical location and severity (absence from training or match).230 athletes had 88 medical encounters over the tournament, which compromised 1405 ‘player-hours’ of sport. This means the general injury rate was 62.6 injuries per 1000 hours of sport played.Our data found that the majority of injuries sustained at multi-sport tournaments were muscle and tendon injuries, with 52/88 (59%) of our total medical encounters affecting muscles and/or tendons.The sport with the highest risk of muscle or tendon injury was football with 45% of the total injuries occurring in this event, compared to lower-risk sports (eg. swimming, bowling or fencing). Futsal had a moderate risk of injury, with 27% (14/52) of injuries occurring in this sport. Of all the muscle and tendon injuries, the majority, 73% (38/52) affected the lower limbs, 10% (5/52) affected the upper limbs and 17% (9/52) affected the back or neck. With regard to severity, 50% (26/52) were classed as an incident (no time lost from competition). Of the remaining 26 injuries that caused a player to lose playing time 54% were classed as minor (<1 match missed), 31% as moderate (1–2 matches missed) and 15% as major (>2 matches missed).By studying injury data, our medical team can prepare for future multi-sport events and attempt to produce injury prevention programmes.
TEMPORAL CHANGE OF ACTIVITY OF M. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOIDEUS AND M. TRAPEZIUS PARS DESCENDENS WHEN PERFORMING A HEADER AFTER FATIGUE OF THE TRUNK MUSCLES
Authors: Becker S , Ludwig O , Kelm J 
Published: June 2013

IntroductionPrecise recommendations on how to plan a training schedule for headers in soccer are rare. To ensure a clean technical and non-hazardous movement when heading the ball, specialized literature postulates the necessity of strengthening the muscles stabilizing the trunk. The question was how the muscles essential for headers would be working in non-fatigued and fatigued conditions. Therefore this study tried to record a potential temporal change of the maximum activity of m. sternocleidomastoideus (SCM) and m. trapezius pars descendens (TPD), after the muscles stabilizing the trunk (m. erector spinae and m. rectus abdominis) had been tired out by a treatment.Methods12 nonprofessional soccer players were analyzed in a pre-post-test, performing straight headers using a pendulum header after a two footed take-off. The myoelectric potential of SCM and TPD was recorded with the help of telemetric surface electromyography. A foot pressure sensor was used to register the moment of take-off; an acceleration sensor was attached to the back of the head to register the ball contact. The treatment to tire out the trunk muscles included three abdominal excercises and two back excercises. After determining the moment of maximal activity within the defined time frame, that started at the point of take-off and ended at the point ob ball contact, pretest and posttest were compared with the help of a t-test to find out if any significant changes occured.ResultsThe moments of maximum muscle activity of SCM and TPD changed heterogeneously but not significantly.Different muscular activation strategies could be identified. The maximum activity of TPD of four subjects occured in the posttest earlier (15% of the time frame). Three subjects showed an earlier activation of SCM (15% of the time frame), whereas five subjects didn't show any differences at all.Specialized literature postulated a co-contraction of SCM and TPD at the moment of ball contact, but this result could not be found in our tests. In general SCM was inactive at that point in time.ConclusionBeside the small number of subjects in the survey the reason for the heterogeneous and non-significant activation might be the redundant functioning of the muscles.The different temporal activations of TPD and SCM can be understood as inter-individual motor patterns. The stronger drawing back movement and acceleration originating in the throat-neck-region can be seen as a compensation of the tired trunk muscles.The reason for the missing co-contraction of SCM at the moment of ball contact, could be the standardized test methods with the help of an immovable pendulum header.
THE TENDON OF YOUNG ATHLETES AND FOOTBALLERS
Authors: Ruzza Marucci , Gasol Xavier , Yanguas Xavier , Til Lluis 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundDescribe patterns of ultrasound and elastography in patellar and achilles tendons in a population of young footballers, jumpers and sprinters.MethodsWe studied 48 athletes (7 female and 41 male) aged between 15 and 26 years; 24 of them are from a youth soccer team in the national first division and 24 high performance jumpers and sprinters. The information was obtained by Esaote -my lab ultrasound and performed in all cases by the same observer. The 192 tendons were studied in relation to their diameter, presence of vessels within the tendons and their elastography.ResultsThe average diameter was between 4.63 and 4.82 mm including achilles and patellar. Most tendons showed no vessels (88.55%). The elastography pattern was predominantly "medium hard" (in classification by points 0–4, prevailed 2–3) and described the patellar stiffer than achilles. There were 14 tendons equal or larger than 6mm of diameter and 22 tendons were detected with vessels. These last 36 tendons were assessed as pathological status and the 11% of these produced athlete symptoms.DiscussionThe eco-elastographic screening of athlete's tendons could be used since an early age to detect changes related to diseases occurring along the sporting life. Defining patterns is of great importance because it can be used to detect early changes and it is a way to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these pathologies.
Involvement of patients with cancer in patient safety: a qualitative study of current practices, potentials and barriers
Authors: Martin Helle Max , Navne Laura Emdal , Lipczak Henriette 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPatient involvement in patient safety is widely advocated but knowledge regarding implementation of the concept in clinical practice is sparse.ObjectiveTo investigate existing practices for patient involvement in patient safety, and opportunities and barriers for further involvement.DesignA qualitative study of patient safety involvement practices in patient trajectories for prostate, uterine and colorectal cancer in Denmark. Observations from four hospital wards and interviews with 25 patients with cancer, 11 hospital doctors, 10 nurses, four general practitioners and two private practicing gynaecologists were conducted using ethnographic methodology.FindingsPatient safety was not a topic of attention for patients or dominant in communication between patients and healthcare professionals. The understanding of patient safety in clinical practice is almost exclusively linked to disease management. Involvement of patients is not systematic, but healthcare professionals and patients express willingness to engage. Invitation and encouragement of patients to become involved could be further systematised and developed. Barriers include limited knowledge of patient safety, of specific patient safety involvement techniques and concern regarding potential negative impact on doctor–patient relationship.ConclusionsInvolvement of patients in patient safety must take into account that despite stated openness to the idea of involvement, patients and health professionals may not in practice show immediate concern. Lack of systematic involvement can also be attributed to limited knowledge about how to implement involvement beyond the focus of self-monitoring and compliance and a concern about the consequences of patient involvement for treatment outcomes. To realise the potential of patients’ and health professionals’ shared openness towards involvement, there is a need for more active facilitation and concrete guidance on how involvement can be practiced by both parties.
Adaptive domain modelling for information retrieval
Authors: Albakour M-Dyaa 
Published: June 2013

Modern search engines employ a number of interactive features to assist users in exploring the document collection and expressing their information needs. Providing these features require knowledge about the document collection in the domain, i.e. a domain model. These models may be difficult to obtain and even if they are available, they may become out of date when the document collection changes or the users start to view the domain differently. In this thesis we propose to use implicit feedback left by users while they interact with search engines to build domain models that evolve over time. These models can adapt to changes in the domain as reflected in the search trend of the user population.
We validate these models in two different IR tasks. The major application is query recommendation where previous studies focused on Web search in general or did not consider the temporal aspect of recommendations. Our models address these issues as they are targeted to specific domains such as enterprise search or digital libraries. We furthermore devise an automatic evaluation methodology that allows us to perform extensive evaluation of our adaptive models and observe their performance over time. Using query logs collected from two academic institutions, the evaluation framework assesses the impact of different factors on their performance.
The second application of these models is query session retrieval. The query session retrieval problem extends the traditional ad-hoc retrieval by taking into account the previous user interactions with the retrieval system within the same session when answering the query. In this context rather than explicitly providing the user with relevant queries to their information needs, our adaptive models implicitly derive query expansions relevant to the user information needs as identified in the sessions by mapping the session to similar sessions inferred from the models.