bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Transformations of Chalcones
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChalcones are a class of naturally occurring flavonoid compounds associated to a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. Several reviews have been published describing the synthesis and biological properties of a vast array of analogues. However, overviews on the reactivity of chalcones has only been explored in a few accounts. To fill this gap, a systematic survey on the most recent developments in the transition metal‐catalyzed transformation of chalcones was performed. The chemistry of copper, palladium, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, silver, indium, gold, titanium, platinum, among others, as versatile catalysts will be highlighted, covering the literature from year 2000 to 2023, in more than 380 publications.
Application of 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept‐5‐En‐3‐One (Vince Lactam) in Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Fustero Santos , Kiss Loránd 
Published: July 2024

Abstract2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one (Vince lactam) is known to be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry and drug research. It is an important precursor to access of some blockbuster antiviral drugs such as Carbovir or Abacavir as well as other carbocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. The ring C=C bond of the Vince lactam allows versatile chemical manipulations to create not only functionalized γ‐lactams, but also γ‐amino acid derivatives with a cyclopentane framework. The aim of the current account is to summarize the chemistry of Vince lactam, its synthetic utility and application in organic and medicinal chemistry over the last decade.
Exposure to Trimethyltin Chloride Induces Pyroptosis and Immune Dysfunction in Grass Carp CIK Cells by Activating the NF‐κB Pathway Through Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ni Xiaotong , Hong Haozheng , Xu Haotian , Qi Meng , Xu Shiwen 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTTrimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a highly toxic organotin pollutant frequently found in aquatic environments, posing a significant threat to the ecological system. The kidney plays a vital role in the body's detoxification processes, and TMT present in the environment tends to accumulate in the kidneys. However, it remained unclear whether exposure to different doses of TMT could induce pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp kidney cells (CIK cells). For this purpose, after assessing the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TMT on CIK cells, we established a model for exposure of CIK cells at varying concentrations of TMT. CIK cells were treated with various doses of TMT (2.5, 5, 10 μM) for 24 h. Oxidative stress levels were measured using kits and fluorescence methods, whereas the expression of related genes was verified through western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The results indicated that TMT exposure led to oxidative stress, with increased levels of ROS, H2O2, MDA, and GSH, and inhibited activities of T‐AOC, SOD, and CAT. It activated the NF‐κB pathway, leading to the upregulation of NF‐κB p65, NF‐κB p50, GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase‐1. Furthermore, TMT exposure also resulted in increased expression of cytokines (IL‐18, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α) and decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (LEAP2, HEPC, and β‐defensin). In summary, exposure to TMT induces dose‐dependent oxidative stress that activates the NF‐κB pathway, leading to pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp CIK cells.
Personalized goals of people living with dementia and family carers: A content analysis of goals set within an individually tailored psychosocial intervention trial
Authors: Budgett Jessica , Sommerlad Andrew , Kupeli Nuriye , Zabihi Sedigheh , Rockwood Kenneth , Cooper Claudia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPerson‐centered goals capture individual priorities in personal contexts. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) has been used in drug trials involving people living with dementia (PLWD) but GAS has been characterized as difficult to incorporate into trials and clinical practice. We used GAS in a trial of New Interventions for Independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS)‐family, a manualized care and support intervention, as the primary outcome and to tailor the interventions to goals set. We aimed to assess the feasibility and content of baseline goal‐setting.MethodsWe developed training for nonclinical facilitators to set individualized GAS goals remotely with PLWD and family carer dyads, or carers alone, in the intervention trial, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A qualitative content analysis of the goals set explored participants’ priorities and unmet needs, to consider how existing GAS goal domains might be extended in a psychosocial intervention trial context.ResultsEleven facilitators were successfully trained to set and score GAS goals. A total of 313/328 (95%) participants were able to collaboratively set three to five goals with the facilitators. Of these, 302 randomized participating dyads set 1043 (mean 3.5, range 3 to 5) goals. We deductively coded 719 (69%) goals into five existing GAS domains (mood, behavior, self‐care, cognition, and instrumental activities of daily living); 324 (31%) goals were inductively coded into four new domains: carer break, carer mood, carer behavior, and carer sleep. The most frequently set goals pertained to social support. There was little variation in types of goals set based on the context of who set them or level of pandemic restrictions in place.DiscussionIt is feasible for people without clinical training to set GAS holistic goals for PLWD and family carers in the community. GAS has potential to facilitate personalization of care and support interventions, such as NIDUS‐family, and facilitate the roll out of more personalized care.Highlights
Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) can capture meaningful priorities of people with dementia and their family carers.
A psychosocial intervention RCT used GAS as the primary outcome measure and goals were set collaboratively by non‐clinically trained facilitators.
The findings underscore the feasibility of using GAS as an outcome measure with this population.
The content analysis findings unveiled the diversity in experiences and priorities of the study participants.
GAS has the potential to support the implementation of more person‐centred approaches to dementia care.
Skeletal muscle quality predicts overall survival in advanced liver hepatocellular carcinoma treated with SIRT and sorafenib: A subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial
Authors: Surov Alexey , Wienke Andreas , Borggrefe Jan , Hinnerichs Mattes , Seidensticker Ricarda , Öcal Osman , Schütte Kerstin , Zech Christoph J. , Loewe Christian , van Delden Otto , Vandecaveye Vincent , Verslype Chris , Gebauer Bernhard , Sengel Christian , Bargellini Irene , Iezzi Roberto , Malfertheiner Peter , Berg Thomas , Klümpen Heinz J. , Benckert Julia , Gasbarrini Antonio , Amthauer Holger , Sangro Bruno , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsOur purpose was to assess the impact of muscle quality on overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced HCC.MethodsThis is a subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial. Overall, 363 patients were included. The SIRT/Sorafenib treatment group comprised 182 patients and the sorafenib group 181 patients. Myosteatosis was defined as skeletal muscle density (SMD) < 41 HU for patients with a body mass index up to 24.9 kg/m2 and <33 HU for patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Albumin‐gauge score was calculated as follows: serum albumin (g/dL) × SMD (HU). To assess the impact of muscle quality on clinical variables and OS, a Cox regression model was used. Hazard ratios are presented together with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Kaplan‐Meier curves were used for survival analysis.ResultsIn the SIRT/sorafenib cohort, low albumin‐gauge score was an independent predictor of worse OS, HR = 1.74, CI 95% (1.16–2.62), p = 0.01. In the sorafenib cohort, muscle quality parameters did not predict OS. In alcohol‐induced HCC (n = 129), myosteatosis independently predicted OS, HR = 1.85, CI 95% (1.10; 3.12), p = 0.02. In viral‐induced HCC (n = 99), parameters of muscle quality did not predict OS. In patients with NASH/Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced HCC, albumin‐gauge score was a strong independent predictor of worse OS in the subgroup undergoing combined treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, HR = 9.86, CI 95% (1.12; 86.5), p = 0.04.ConclusionsMyosteatosis predicts independently worse OS in patients with alcohol‐induced HCC undergoing combined treatment with SIRT and sorafenib. In patients with NASH/NAFLD induced HCC undergoing treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, albumin‐gauge score predicts independently worse OS.Impact and implicationsAssociations between parameters of muscle quality and OS are different in accordance to the treatment strategy and etiology of HCC. These findings highlight the prognostic potential of skeletal muscle quality in patients with advanced HCC.
Evasive invasives? Implications of neophobia for feral cat (Felis catus) control
Authors: Ryan‐Schofield Ned L. , Read John L. , McGregor Hugh W. , McWhorter Todd J. , Moseby Katherine E. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeophobia is an ecologically relevant personality trait that manifests as aversion to new or unfamiliar stimuli. Fear and subsequent avoidance of novel stimuli represents a challenge for pest management programs, as control tools that induce a neophobic response will reduce their effectiveness. Additionally, neophobia can be a plastic trait induced by exposure to high‐risk environments, and so can be exacerbated by repeated harassment, which often occurs in pest management programs that are conducted at high intensity. We investigated the propensity of feral cats (Felis catus) to exhibit neophobic behavior towards a novel control device. We also tested whether neophobia was altered by capture and radio‐collaring or changed over time. We found that there is significant potential for initial avoidance of control devices by some feral cats, and that capture and handling significantly increased the likelihood of avoidance. Neophobia generally declined over time suggesting that long‐term deployment may reduce the impact of neophobia. Avoidance of novel control tools could severely limit their effectiveness, especially if deployed to remove the last remaining cats from confined areas. Remaining cats may have avoided repeated attempts at conventional control techniques and so may be more neophobic. In such circumstances, control tool deployments should be lengthened considerably, to take advantage of waning neophobia over time, and, concealed effectively to hide them from neophobic cats. The increased neophobia recorded in cats that were handled and radio‐collared for monitoring suggests that results from experiments that test new control devices may not be indicative of the behavior of naïve cats. Changes to methodology such as minimizing capture and handling may be required to reduce neophobia and provide valid research results when testing novel control tools.
Vitamin C inactivates c-Jun N-terminal kinase to stabilize heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (Hand1) in regulating placentation and maintenance of pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Haibin , Luo Huan , Wu Xiaowei , Bao Hangyang , Shu Yingying , Ji Xing , Fan Xueying , Pan Yibin , Tang Chao , Wu Ximei , Ruan Hongfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVitamin C (VC) serves as a pivotal nutrient for anti-oxidation process, metabolic responses, and stem cell differentiation. However, its precise contribution to placenta development and gestation remains obscure. Here, we demonstrated that physiological levels of VC act to stabilize Hand1, a key bHLH transcription factor vital for the development trajectory of trophoblast giant cell (TGC) lineages, thereby promoting the differentiation of trophoblast stem cells into TGC. Specifically, VC administration inactivated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which directly phosphorylates Hand1 at Ser48, triggering the proteasomal degradation of Hand1. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation at Ser48 on Hand1 not only significantly diminished both intrinsic and VC-induced stabilization of Hand1 but also underscored the indispensability of this residue. Noteworthy, the insufficiency of VC led to severe defects in the differentiation of diverse TGC subtypes and the formation of labyrinth's vascular network in rodent placentas, resulting in failure of maintenance of pregnancy. Importantly, VC deficiency, lentiviral knockdown of JNK or overexpression of Hand1 mutants in trophectoderm substantially affected the differentiation of primary and secondary TGC in E8.5 mouse placentas. Thus, these findings uncover the significance of JNK inactivation and consequential stabilization of Hand1 as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism controlling VC-mediated placentation and perhaps maintenance of pregnancy.
Graphical Abstract
Combinatorial refinement on circulant graphs
Authors: Kluge Laurence 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe combinatorial refinement techniques have proven to be an efficient
approach to isomorphism testing for particular classes of graphs.
If the number of refinement rounds is small, this puts
the corresponding isomorphism problem in a low-complexity class.
We investigate the round complexity of the two-dimensional Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm
on circulant graphs, i.e., on Cayley graphs of the cyclic group $$\mathbb{Z}_n$$

Z
n

, and prove that the number of rounds until stabilization is bounded by $$\mathcal{O}(d(n)\log n)$$

O
(
d
(
n
)
log
n
)

,
where $$d(n)$$

d
(
n
)

is the number of divisors of n. As a particular consequence, isomorphism can be tested in NC for connected circulant graphs of order $$p^\ell$$

p
ℓ

with p an odd prime, $$\ell>3$$

ℓ
>
3

and vertex degree $$\Delta$$
Δ
smaller than p.
We also show that the color refinement method (also known as the one-dimensional Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm)
computes a canonical labeling for every non-trivial circulant graph with a prime number of vertices
after individualization of two appropriately chosen vertices.
Thus, the canonical labeling problem for this class of graphs has at most the same
complexity as color refinement, which results in a time bound of $$\mathcal{O}(\Delta \, n\log n)$$

O
(
Δ

n
log
n
)

.
Moreover, this provides a first example where
a sophisticated approach to isomorphism testing put forward by Tinhofer has a real practical meaning.
Guiding the way: a comprehensive examination of AI guidelines in global media
Authors: de-Lima-Santos Mathias-Felipe , Yeung Wang Ngai , Dodds Tomás 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the news industry, media organizations have begun publishing guidelines that aim to promote the responsible, ethical, and unbiased implementation of AI-based technologies. These guidelines are expected to serve journalists and media workers by establishing best practices and a framework that helps them navigate ever-evolving AI tools. Drawing on institutional theory and digital inequality concepts, this study analyzes 37 AI guidelines for media purposes in 17 countries. Our analysis reveals key thematic areas, such as transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, and the preservation of journalistic values. Results highlight shared principles and best practices that emerge from these guidelines, including the importance of human oversight, explainability of AI systems, disclosure of automated content, and protection of user data. However, the geographical distribution of these guidelines, highlighting the dominance of Western nations, particularly North America and Europe, can further ongoing concerns about power asymmetries in AI adoption and consequently isomorphism outside these regions. Our results may serve as a resource for news organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders looking to navigate the complex AI development toward creating a more inclusive and equitable digital future for the media industry worldwide.
A proposal for an operational methodology to assist the ranking-aggregation problem in manufacturing
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Maisano Domenico A. , Mastrogiacomo Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRanking aggregation is an ancient problem with some characteristic elements: a number of experts, who individually rank a set of objects according to a certain (subjective) attribute, and the need to aggregate the resulting expert rankings into a collective judgment. Although this problem is traditionally very popular in fields such as social choice, psychometrics, and economics, it can also have several interesting applications in manufacturing, e.g., for customer-oriented design, reliability engineering, production management, etc. Through a case study related to a cobot-assisted manual (dis)assembly, the paper illustrates an operational methodology and various useful tools that assist in tackling the problem practically, effectively, and with a critical mind. Some of the proposed tools allow to estimate the degree of concordance among experts, and the collective judgment’s consistency and robustness. The paper is aimed at scientists and practitioners in manufacturing.
Experimental implementation of skeleton tracking for collision avoidance in collaborative robotics
Authors: Forlini Matteo , Neri Federico , Ciccarelli Marianna , Palmieri Giacomo , Callegari Massimo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCollaborative robotic manipulators can stop in case of a collision, according to the ISO/TS 15066 and ISO 10218-1 standards. However, in a human-robot collaboration scenario where the robot and the human share the workspace, a better solution with concerns to production and operator safety would be to perceive in advance the presence of an obstacle and be able to avoid it, thereby completing the task without halting the robot. In this paper, an obstacle avoidance algorithm is tested using a sensor system for real-time human detection; the operator represents a potential dynamic obstacle that can interfere with the robot motion. The sensor system consists of three RGB-D cameras. A custom software framework has been developed in Python exploiting machine learning tools for human skeleton detection. The coordinates of the human body joints relative to the manipulator base are used as input to the obstacle avoidance algorithm. The use of multiple sensors makes it possible to limit the occlusion problem; in addition, the choice of non-wearable sensors goes in the direction of better operator comfort. A series of experimental tests were performed to verify the accuracy of skeleton detection and the ability of the system to avoid obstacles in real time. The human motion caption system, in particular, was validated through a comparison with a commercial system based on wearable IMU sensors widely used and validated in motion capture. There is an NRMSE of $$3.23\%$$

3.23
%

for the RGB-D camera-based skeleton detection system, against an NRMSE of $$12.23\%$$

12.23
%

for the IMU wearable sensor system. Test results confirm that the system is able to avoid collisions with the human body under various conditions, static or dynamic, ensuring a minimum safety distance to any part of the manipulator. In 44 tests in which the operator moves around the robot with possible collisions (at a speed typical of manufacturing operations), the minimum operator-robot distance averaged $$208\,\textrm{mm}$$

208

mm

, being $$200\,\textrm{mm}$$

200

mm

the limit safety distance set by algorithm.
“Cardiac glycosides”—quo vaditis?—past, present, and future?
Authors: Fender Julia , Klöcker Johanna , Boivin-Jahns Valérie , Ravens Ursula , Jahns Roland , Lorenz Kristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUp to date, digitalis glycosides, also known as “cardiac glycosides”, are inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase. They have a long-standing history as drugs used in patients suffering from heart failure and atrial fibrillation despite their well-known narrow therapeutic range and the intensive discussions on their raison d’être for these indications. This article will review the history and key findings in basic and clinical research as well as potentially overseen pros and cons of these drugs.
Facile biotic/abiotic sandwich detection system for the highly sensitive detection of human serum albumin and glycated albumin
Authors: Sunayama Hirobumi , Cheubong Chehasan , Takano Eri , Takeuchi Toshifumi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantifying glycated albumin (GA) levels in the blood is crucial for diagnosing diabetes because they strongly correlate with blood glucose concentration. In this study, a biotic/abiotic sandwich assay was developed for the facile, rapid, and susceptible detection of human serum albumin (HSA) and GA. The proposed sandwich detection system was assembled using a combination of two synthetic polymer receptors and natural antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanogels (MIP-NGs) for HSA (HSA-MIP-NGs) were used to mimic capture antibodies, whereas antibodies for HSA or GA were used as primary antibodies and fluorescent signaling MIP-NGs for the Fc domain of IgG (F-Fc-MIP-NGs) were used as a secondary antibody mimic to indicate the binding events. The HSA/anti-HSA/F-Fc-MIP-NGs complex, formed by incubating HSA and anti-HSA antibodies with F-Fc-MIP-NGs, was captured by HSA-MIP-NGs immobilized on the chips for fluorescence measurements. The analysis time was less than 30 min, and the limit of detection was 15 pM. After changing the anti-HSA to anti-GA (monoclonal antibody), the fluorescence response toward GA exceeded that of HSA, indicating successful GA detection using the proposed sandwich detection system. Therefore, the proposed system could change the detection property by changing a primary antibody, indicating that this system can be applied to various target proteins and, especially, be a powerful approach for facile and rapid analysis methods for proteins with structural similarity.
Graphical Abstract
Present and future of whole-body MRI in metastatic disease and myeloma: how and why you will do it
Authors: Lecouvet Frederic E. , Chabot Caroline , Taihi Lokmane , Kirchgesner Thomas , Triqueneaux Perrine , Malghem Jacques 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetastatic disease and myeloma present unique diagnostic challenges due to their multifocal nature. Accurate detection and staging are critical for determining appropriate treatment. Bone scintigraphy, skeletal radiographs and CT have long been the mainstay for the assessment of these diseases, but have limitations, including reduced sensitivity and radiation exposure. Whole-body MRI has emerged as a highly sensitive and radiation-free alternative imaging modality. Initially developed for skeletal screening, it has extended tumor screening to all organs, providing morphological and physiological information on tumor tissue. Along with PET/CT, whole-body MRI is now accepted for staging and response assessment in many malignancies. It is the first choice in an ever increasing number of cancers (such as myeloma, lobular breast cancer, advanced prostate cancer, myxoid liposarcoma, bone sarcoma, …). It has also been validated as the method of choice for cancer screening in patients with a predisposition to cancer and for staging cancers observed during pregnancy. The current and future challenges for WB-MRI are its availability facing this number of indications, and its acceptance by patients, radiologists and health authorities. Guidelines have been developed to optimize image acquisition and reading, assessment of lesion response to treatment, and to adapt examination designs to specific cancers. The implementation of 3D acquisition, Dixon method, and deep learning-based image optimization further improve the diagnostic performance of the technique and reduce examination durations. Whole-body MRI screening is feasible in less than 30 min. This article reviews validated indications, recent developments, growing acceptance, and future perspectives of whole-body MRI.