bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of bifid median nerves and persistent median arteries and their association with carpal tunnel syndrome in a sample of latino poultry processors and other manual workers
Authors: Walker Francis O. , Cartwright Michael S. , Blocker Jill N. , Arcury Thomas A. , Suk Jung IM , Chen Haiying , Schultz Mark R. , Grzywacz Joseph G. , Mora Dana C. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe prevalence of bifid median nerves and persistent median arteries, their co‐occurrence, and their relationship to carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are only understood partially.MethodsWe screened 1026 wrists of 513 Latino manual laborers in North Carolina for bifid median nerves and persistent median arteries using electrodiagnosis and ultrasound.ResultsA total of 8.6% of wrists had a bifid median nerve, and 3.7% of wrists had a persistent median artery independent of subgroup ethnicity, age, gender, or type of work. An association with definite carpal tunnel syndrome was not found. The presence of either anatomic variant was associated with a high likelihood of co‐occurrence of another variant in the same or the contralateral wrist.ConclusionsThe occurrence of median anatomic variants can be determined in field studies using ultrasound. Persistent median arteries and bifid median nerves tend to co‐occur but do not put manual laborers at additional risk of developing CTS. Muscle Nerve 48: 539–544, 2013
Urethral sphincter function before and after radical prostatectomy: Systematic review of the prognostic value of various assessment techniques
Authors: Dubbelman Yvette D. , Bosch J.L.H.Ruud 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsUrethral sphincter incompetence is generally considered to be the most important contributing factor to post‐radical prostatectomy incontinence (PRPI). The value of various assessment techniques used to objectify urethral sphincter function before and/or after RP is unclear. Our review addresses the following questions: In men having to undergo RP, which measurement techniques that assess pre‐operative and post‐operative urethral sphincter function have predictive value for the post‐operative continence status or correlate with the post‐operative continence status.MethodsA systematic and comprehensive search was performed using the terms: urethral sphincter, radical prostatectomy (RP), and urinary incontinence. Results were restricted to English‐language papers published between 1980 and March 2012. Only techniques described by at least two studies were included.ResultsSeveral assessment techniques for urethral sphincter function and anatomy were identified: sphincter electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), perfusion sphincterometry and urethral pressure profilometry (UPP).A shorter urethral sphincter length on preoperative endorectal MRI might be associated with an increased risk of PRPI as well as longer time to achieve continence. UPP showed that both maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and functional profile length (FPL) decrease significantly after RRP. Low preoperative MUCP and FPL are associated with an increased risk of PRPI.The other mentioned assessment techniques are not usable as preoperative diagnostic tools.ConclusionsMRI and UPP might be valuable preoperative diagnostic tools in patients waiting for RRP. However, more and larger studies are needed to show the exact role of MRI and UPP in the preoperative management of patients waiting for RRP and for whom post‐operative incontinence is a big concern. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 957–963, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lack of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (Nmnat2): Consequences for mouse bladder development and function
Authors: Hicks Amy N. , Campeau Lysanne , Burmeister David , Bishop Colin E. , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsTo describe the morphological and functional consequences for bladder development and function when nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (Nmnat2) is lacking or reduced.MethodsThe Bloated Bladder (Blad) mouse, lacking Nmnat2, and heterozygotes were utilized for this investigation. Morphology and development of the bladder were studied using immunohistochemistry against urothelial, smooth muscle, and nerve markers. Functional effects were assessed by organ bath experiments and cystometry.ResultsHomozygote mutants were malformed and died at birth, whereas heterozygotes survived and morphologically did not differ from wild‐type controls. Morphological bladder changes appeared in the Blad mutants as early as embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5) with an extremely distended bladder at E18.5. Staining revealed that all the bladder layers were present and expressed mature markers in all three genotypes. No nerves could be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry in the Blad mutant bladder at E18.5. Organ bath analysis showed that bladders from Blad mutant showed signs of denervation supersensitivity in response to carbachol, and no response to electrical stimulation of nerves at E18.5. Adult heterozygotes, which have a reduced expression of Nmnat2 at E18.5, showed decreased responses to carbachol and electrical stimulation compared to wild‐type controls. The latter also retained their ability to empty their bladders, but showed increased micturition pressures compared to controls.ConclusionsComplete loss of Nmnat2 leads to a mature but distended bladder in utero and is not compatible with survival. Moderate loss of Nmnat2 has no effect on bladder development, survival, and has only modest effects on bladder function later in life. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32:1130–1136, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A gradient reproducing kernel collocation method for boundary value problems
Authors: Chi Sheng‐Wei , Chen Jiun‐Shyan , Hu Hsin‐Yun , Yang Judy P. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe earlier work in the development of direct strong form collocation methods, such as the reproducing kernel collocation method (RKCM), addressed the domain integration issue in the Galerkin type meshfree method, such as the reproducing kernel particle method, but with increased computational complexity because of taking higher order derivatives of the approximation functions and the need for using a large number of collocation points for optimal convergence. In this work, we intend to address the computational complexity in RKCM while achieving optimal convergence by introducing a gradient reproduction kernel approximation. The proposed gradient RKCM reduces the order of differentiation to the first order for solving second‐order PDEs with strong form collocation. We also show that, different from the typical strong form collocation method where a significantly large number of collocation points than the number of source points is needed for optimal convergence, the same number of collocation points and source points can be used in gradient RKCM. We also show that the same order of convergence rates in the primary unknown and its first‐order derivative is achieved, owing to the imposition of gradient reproducing conditions. The numerical examples are given to verify the analytical prediction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An XFEM plate element for high gradient zones resulted from yield lines
Authors: Xu Jin , Lee C.K. , Tan K.H. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYA high gradient of displacement field occurs when a yield line is formed in a plate with elasto‐plastic material. For such applications, the extended finite element method has shown to be an effective numerical method to capture the behavior of a plate with a locally nonsmooth displacement field, and a displacement field with a high gradient. In this article, a six‐node isoparametric plate element with extended finite element method formulation is presented to capture the elasto‐plastic behavior of a plate in small‐deformation analyses. The Hermite function is adopted at the element level to enrich both the translational and the rotational displacement approximation fields so that nonsmoothness in displacement fields near a yield line can be simulated. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoglycaemia documented with real‐time continuous glucose sensing in a case of ‘dead in bed’ syndrome
Authors: Waheed Najeeb , Butt Muhammad , Dayan Colin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe objective of this observational case report was to present the first case consistent with the ‘dead in bed’ syndrome in which hypoglycaemia has been documented by real‐time glucose monitoring at the time of death.We report the case of a 41‐year‐old male with type 1 diabetes. Diagnosed at age 14, he had poor glycaemic control during his teen years and suffered from severe hypoglycaemia unawareness. His diabetes was complicated by nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. He was last seen alive and well by the family seven days before he was found dead in bed with his insulin pump and sensor in situ. The last recorded interaction between the patient and the pump system was seven days previously with evidence of prolonged hypoglycaemia around the time. Post‐mortem examination showed no specific cause of death.The findings in this case report are consistent with the hypothesis that hypoglycaemia is a precipitant of the ‘dead in bed’ syndrome in diabetes and indicate that the presence of low glucose alarms does not provide complete protection against such an event. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Drug Errors and Related Interventions Reported by United States Clinical Pharmacists: The American College of Clinical Pharmacy Practice‐Based Research Network Medication Error Detection, Amelioration and Prevention Study
Authors: Kuo Grace M. , Touchette Daniel R. , Marinac Jacqueline S. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo describe and evaluate drug errors and related clinical pharmacist interventions.DesignCross‐sectional observational study with an online data collection form.SettingAmerican College of Clinical Pharmacy practice‐based research network (ACCP PBRN).ParticipantsA total of 62 clinical pharmacists from the ACCP PBRN who provided direct patient care in the inpatient and outpatient practice settings.InterventionClinical pharmacist participants identified drug errors in their usual practices and submitted online error reports over a period of 14 consecutive days during 2010.Measurements and Main ResultsThe 62 clinical pharmacists submitted 924 reports; of these, 779 reports from 53 clinical pharmacists had complete data. Drug errors occurred in both the inpatient (61%) and outpatient (39%) settings. Therapeutic categories most frequently associated with drug errors were systemic antiinfective (25%), hematologic (21%), and cardiovascular (19%) drugs. Approximately 95% of drug errors did not result in patient harm; however, 33 drug errors resulted in treatment or medical intervention, 6 resulted in hospitalization, 2 required treatment to sustain life, and 1 resulted in death. The types of drug errors were categorized as prescribing (53%), administering (13%), monitoring (13%), dispensing (10%), documenting (7%), and miscellaneous (4%). Clinical pharmacist interventions included communication (54%), drug changes (35%), and monitoring (9%). Approximately 89% of clinical pharmacist recommendations were accepted by the prescribers: 5% with drug therapy modifications, 28% due to clinical pharmacist prescriptive authority, and 56% without drug therapy modifications.ConclusionThis study provides insight into the role clinical pharmacists play with regard to drug error interventions using a national practice‐based research network. Most drug errors reported by clinical pharmacists in the United States did not result in patient harm; however, severe harm and death due to drug errors were reported. Drug error types, therapeutic categories, and clinical pharmacist interventions varied between the inpatient and outpatient settings. Nearly half of reported errors were prevented by clinical pharmacists before the drugs reached the patients. The majority of clinical pharmacist recommendations were accepted by prescribers.
Increased serum insulin‐like growth factor‐1 levels are associated with prolonged response to dasatinib‐based regimens in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Dayyani Farshid , Varkaris Andreas , Araujo John C. , Song Jian H. , Chatterji Tanushree , Trudel Geralyn C. , Logothetis Christopher J. , Gallick Gary E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDasatinib, an inhibitor of Src‐family kinases, combined with docetaxel in men with castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), affects bone turnover markers in a phase I/II clinical trial in metastatic CRPC. Only a subset of men benefit from this therapy, and predictive markers are lacking. We hypothesized a role for insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) as a predictive marker, since IGF‐1 is important in both prostate cancer progression and bone development. Hence, we determined the association of IGF‐1 expression to treatment response, and whether this expression resulted from tumor cells, the microenvironment, or their interactions.METHODSWe measured serum IGF‐1 levels in men with CRPC treated with dasatinib plus docetaxel. To investigate the source of IGF‐1, we utilized two different mouse models harboring human prostate cancer cells, and used species‐specific IGF‐1 ELISA kits (mouse vs. human).RESULTSIn men with CRPC, an increase in IGF‐1 levels after one cycle of treatment with dasatinib and docetaxel is associated with a higher response rate and longer duration of treatment. Xenograft experiments with subcutaneous and intratibial injection of prostate cancer cells suggest that direct interaction of prostate cancer cells with bone microenvironment is necessary for IGF‐1 induction, is entirely host‐derived, and occurs only in mice that respond to dasatinib‐based therapy.CONCLUSIONOur results support a role for serum IGF‐1 as a potential biomarker for benefit from dasatinib‐based combination treatments in CRPC. Prostate 73: 979–985, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An oil‐based formulation of Isaria fumosorosea blastospores for management of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Kim Jae Su , Je Yeon Ho , Skinner Margaret , Parker Bruce L 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo date, emphasis has been placed on studying the virulence of Isaria fumosorosea conidia rather than the virulence of their blastospores. In the present study, a comparison was made of the efficacy of blastospores of I. fumosorosea (SFP‐198) versus conidia against greenhouse whitefly (GWF) Trialeurodes vaporarioum nymphs and thermotolerance at 50 °C. To improve thermotolerance and potency, the blastospores were suspended in corn oil with a wetting and an insect‐filming agent.ResultsBlastospores had similar efficacy against GWF nymphs to conidia in glasshouse conditions but had less thermotolerance than conidia. However, blastospores in corn oil had increased thermotolerance, comparable with that of conidia in corn oil. Application of SFP‐198 blastospore oil‐based formulation containing isotridecyl alcohol ethoxylated‐3EO (TDE‐3) and sodium alginate (SA) as adjuvants showed enhanced efficacy (95.7% mortality), compared with the SA‐free oil formulation (72.8%) in 10 days.ConclusionSFP‐198 blastospores can be used as an effective biological control agent, given their virulence against GWF, the enhanced thermotolerance in corn oil and the oil‐based formulation studies to enhance their efficacy. Blastospores can be easily produced in liquid cultures in less than 4 days, which is significantly shorter than using traditional solid cultures for conidial production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of semipolar laser diode
Authors: Sizov Dmitry , Bhat Rajaram , Wang Jie , Allen Donald , Paddock Barry , Zah Chung‐en 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss experimental results and the potential for improvement of blue and green laser diode (LD) performance by using semipolar substrates. We show that the InGaN quantum well (QW) grown on a semipolar plane allows higher characteristic temperature, T0, and higher optical gain, which are important for improving laser efficiency, thanks to its unique electronic spectrum properties. Epitaxial structure growth benefits from the wider process window for certain orientations. At the same time it is associated with a risk of strain relaxation, which can be addressed by appropriate strain relaxation management and/or strain balancing of waveguide core.
Revealing the three dimensional internal structure of aluminium alloys
Authors: Thompson George Edward , Hashimoto Teruo , Zhong Xiang Li , Curioni Michele , Zhou Xiaorong , Skeldon Peter , Withers Philip John , Carr James Andrew , Monteith Alexander George 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTMaterials ultramicrotomy has been progressed at Manchester for many years, enabling generation of suitably thin specimens for transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the remaining block specimen from which thin, electron transparent specimens have been generated also provides the basis for specimen preparation for high resolution backscattered electron imaging in the scanning electron microscope. This knowledge allows generation of serial sections of appropriate specimens that are oxide‐ and contamination‐free for high resolution observation in the backscattered imaging mode. With recent instrumental developments, i.e. the GATAN 3View System, enabling ultramicrotomy to be performed in‐SEM, relatively rapid sectioning and imaging can now be performed with ready reconstruction of electron tomographs. Further, correlative microscopy can be undertaken by utilising the GATAN XuM system in the same scanning electron microscope, enabling non‐destructive X‐ray tomography in addition to destructive electron tomography. The in‐SEM, serial sectioning of selected aluminium alloys is considered here, as well as correlation of the X‐ray and electron tomography approaches on the penetration of localised corrosion into an AA2024 T351 aluminium aerospace alloy. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of a Three‐dimensional Vanadium‐Nickel Phosphate (C2H10N2)4[H2Ni(H2O)2(VO)8(OH)4(PO4)8]·H2O
Authors: Yin Fan‐Wen , Peng Cheng‐Dong , Li Ya‐Si , Zhuang Ting‐Ting , Zeng Qing‐Xin , Yuan Zhan‐Hui 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe three‐dimensional vanadium‐nickel phosphate (C2H10N2)4[H2Ni(H2O)2(VO)8(OH)4(PO4)8]·H2O (1) was prepared by hydrothermal methods and its structure and electrochemical properties were characterized. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with the space group P21/n and cell parameters a = 14.392(3) Å, b = 10.122(2) Å, c = 18.305(4) Å, β = 90.34(3)°, V = 2666.7(9) Å3, Z = 2. The structure consists of macroanionic V–Ni–P layers constructed from VO5 square pyramids, NiO6 octahedra, and PO43– tetrahedral groups. The layers are further connected into a 3D infinite structure through the NiO6 octahedra and there are organic species protonated ethanediamine molecules and water molecules located, which make the structure more stable. Its electron sponge behavior was revealed via electrochemical tests.
New Coordination Compounds Based on Cd(NCS)2(4‐Ethylpyridine)x (x = 4, 2, 1)
Authors: Wöhlert Susanne , Jess Inke , Näther Christian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe reactions of different ratios of cadmium(II) thiocyanate and 4‐ethylpyridine as neutral co‐ligand in water at room temperature leads to the formation of the three new coordination compounds of different topology. In the crystal structure of the 1:4 compound (1:4 = ratio between metal and neutral co‐ligand) Cd(NCS)2(4‐ethylpyridine)4 (1) discrete complexes are found, in which the cadmium ions are coordinated by two terminal N‐bonded anionic ligands and four 4‐ethylpyridine co‐ligands. In the crystal structure of the 1:2 compound [Cd(NCS)2(4‐ethylpyridine)2]n (2) the cadmium cations are coordinated by two S‐bonded, two N‐bonded thiocyanato anions and two 4‐ethylpyridine ligands, all of them are trans‐oriented. The Cd2+ cations are connected by μ‐1, 3 bridging thiocyanato anions into chains, which elongate in the direction of the crystallographic a axis. In the crystal structure of the 1:1 compound [Cd(NCS)2(4‐ethylpyridine)]n (3) a more condensed coordination network is observed, in which each Cd2+ cation is coordinated by two N‐bonded and three S‐bonded as well as one 4‐ethylpyridine ligand within slightly distorted octahedra. The cadmium cations are linked into chains by μ‐1, 3‐ and μ‐1, 1, 3‐bridging thiocyanato anions. On heating the 1:4 compound 1 two mass steps are observed in the TG curve, of which the first one is well resolved. The residue obtained after the first TG step is investigated by XRPD, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy, it is proven that the 1:2 compound Cd(NCS)2(4‐ethylpyridine)2 is obtained as a phase pure material. Based on the results of IR spectroscopic investigations the coordination mode of the thiocyanato anions was additionally investigated.
Three-dimensionality in the wake of a rotating cylinder in a uniform flow
Authors: Rao A. , Leontini J. , Thompson M. C. , Hourigan K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe wake of a rotating circular cylinder in a free stream is investigated for Reynolds numbers $\mathit{Re}\leqslant 400$ and non-dimensional rotation rates of $\alpha \leqslant 2. 5$. Two aspects are considered. The first is the transition from a steady flow to unsteady flow characterized by periodic vortex shedding. The two-dimensional computations show that the onset of unsteady flow is delayed to higher Reynolds numbers as the rotation rate is increased, and vortex shedding is suppressed for $\alpha \geqslant 2. 1$ for all Reynolds numbers in the parameter space investigated. The second aspect investigated is the transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional flow using linear stability analysis. It is shown that at low rotation rates of $\alpha \leqslant 1$, the three-dimensional transition scenario is similar to that of the non-rotating cylinder. However, at higher rotation rates, the three-dimensional scenario becomes increasingly complex, with three new modes identified that bifurcate from the unsteady flow, and two modes that bifurcate from the steady flow. Curves of marginal stability for all of the modes are presented in a parameter space map, the defining characteristics for each mode presented, and the physical mechanisms of instability are discussed.
Reproductive biology, age and growth of the two-banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris (Pisces: Sparidae) in the Gulf of Gabès, Tunisia
Authors: Hadj Taieb Aymen , Ghorbel Mohamed , Hamida Nader Ben Hadj , Jarboui Othman 
Published: January 2013

Samples of common two-banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris (N = 1097), used in this study, were caught in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia) from March 2008 to February 2010. Total length ranged from 7 to 25 cm. Diplodus vulgaris is a protandric hermaphrodite. The overall ratio of females to males was 1:1.66. The reproductive season extended from October to February, and the peak spawning activity occurred in December–January. The total length at which 50% of the population reached maturity was 14.14 ± 0.16 cm for females and 13.57 ± 0.01 cm for males. Parameters of the length–weight relationship (TW = aTLb) for all individuals were a = 0.0185 and b = 2.9319. The youngest specimen in this study was 0+ years, whereas the oldest one was 9 years. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for the whole sample were: L∞ = 25.4 cm, k = 0.179 and t0 = −1.631 year. The instantaneous rate of natural mortality was: M = 0.333 year−1.
The emotional shape of our moral life: Anger-related emotions and mutualistic anthropology
Authors: Cova Florian , Deonna Julien , Sander David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe evolutionary hypothesis advanced by Baumard et al. makes precise predictions on which emotions should play the main role in our moral lives: morality should be more closely linked to “avoidance” emotions (like contempt and disgust) than to “punitive” emotions (like anger). Here, we argue that these predictions run contrary to most psychological evidence.