bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New measurement of the neutron-induced total cross-sections of natCr in a wide energy range on the Back-n at CSNS*
Authors: Li 李 Baoqian 宝钱 , Xiao 肖 Min 敏 , Chen 陈 Yonghao 永浩 , Xue 薛 Jieming 洁明 , Li 李 Xinxiang 鑫祥 , Yi 易 Han 晗 , Cheng 程 Pinjing 品晶 , Liu 刘 Rong 荣 , Yang 羊 Yiwei 奕伟 , Han 韩 Zijie 子杰 , Zhao 赵 Dajun 大俊 , Wang 王 Haoqiang 豪强 , Zhao 赵 Jirong 继荣 , Luan 栾 Peng 鹏 , Liu 刘 Jing 静 , Liu 刘 Zijun 梓隽 , Chen 陈 Chaomin 朝敏 , Luo 罗 Wen 文 , Zheng 郑 Bo 波 , Feng 冯 Song 松 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The neutron total cross-section of

Cr plays a crucial role in new nuclear engineering design and fundamental science. A new measurement of the neutron-induced total cross-sections of

Cr was performed using the transmission method on the back-streaming white neutron beamline (Back-n) at the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The neutron energy was determined using the time-of-flight technique. The neutron total cross-sections of

Cr were obtained across a broad energy range (0.3 eV−20 MeV) in one experiment for the first time. The resulting effective total cross-sections were compared with the existing experimental data in different energy ranges, which revealed good agreement with the evaluated libraries. Theoretical calculation of the total cross-section in the energy range of 1.5 to 20 MeV was then conducted using TALYS-1.96 and compared with the present results. The measurement provides a high-quality total cross-section of

Cr, including detailed uncertainty data across a wide energy range, offering a valuable reference for nuclear data re-evaluation and nuclear engineering design.
Evolution of pre-damaged ITER grade plasma facing components under WEST plasma exposure: smoothing and tungsten sources
Authors: Richou M. , Corre Y. , Diez M. , Durif A. , Guillemaut C. , Reilhac P. , Tichit Q. , Tsitrone E. , Dorow-Gerspach D. , Loewenhoff Th. , Wirtz M. , Grosjean A. , Martin C. , Giacometti G. , Aretz A. , Spahn M. , Gaspar J. ,   the WEST Team
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The evaluation of the impact of plasma-facing units (PFUs) damage on subsequent plasma operation is an important issue for ITER. This is one of the topic addressed by the operation of dedicated PFUs in WEST. From the start of WEST in 2017, few ITER grade divertor PFUs were tested in the lower divertor for short plasma exposure (experimental campaigns C1–C5). A PFU is an assembly of tungsten blocks on CuCrZr tube via pure copper interlayer. Since 2022, WEST operates with a lower divertor fully equipped with ITER grade PFUs (experimental campaign C6–C7) with long duration plasma exposure capabilities. To test the ageing of the ITER-grade PFUs on an accelerated basis, well controlled damage was implemented on purpose with electron beam loading on the plasma facing surface of two different PFUs (pre-damage#1 and #2 featuring different level of damage). Damage tackled in this study is induced by the loading with numerous transient heat loading events to mimic the ELM impact on the ITER grade PFU. This paper presents the damage before and after WEST plasma exposure and shows the tungsten sources and temperature of the block measured during the operation. On damaged area, surface roughening is heterogeneous. With WEST campaigns (C3, C4 and C7) respectively ended in (2018, 2019 and 2023) a global smoothing of the pre-damaged surfaces, in particular those located in the high loaded erosion area, is observed. No evolution of the crack is observed in the electron beam loaded area, while new cracking are observed on non pre-damaged area on the tungsten top surfaces in highly loaded areas (outer strike point) after significant plasma duration and cumulated energy (first observation in C4 and tends to be confirmed with preliminary observations after the C7 campaign). Smoothing is less pronounced after the 2018 campaign, which may be due to the related short plasma duration. The surface smoothing of blocks also depends on their poloidal position. For PFU which has no shaping, toroidal positioning within a block has no influence on the surface smoothing. After 2019 and 2023 campaigns, equivalent relative smoothing is obtained (between 19 and 32%). For the explored plasma conditions, damage has no influence on the maximum brightness of W.
Conceptual design of a modular EC heating system for EU-DEMO
Authors: Bruschi Alessandro , Hogge Jean-Philippe , Jelonnek John , Strauss Dirk , Wu Chuanren , Aiello Gaetano , Avramidis Kostas , Baiocchi Benedetta , Birlan Daniel , Chavan René , Chelis Ioannis , Clement Arnaud , Collaku Aldo , Crisinel Fabien , Difonzo Rosa , Ell Benjamin , Fanale Francesco , Fanelli Pierluigi , Figini Lorenzo , Gajetti Eleonora , Gantenbein Gerd , Garavaglia Saul , Goodman Timothy P. , Illy Stefan , Ioannidis Zisis , Jin Jambo , Latsas George , Marraco Borderas Cinta L. , Marsen Stefan , Moro Alessandro , Noël Marc , Peponis Dimitrios , Pinna Tonio , Platania Paola , Rispoli Natale , Ruess Tobias , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Salvitti Alessandra , Savoldi Laura , Scherer Theo , Schreck Sabine , Simonetto Alessandro , Spaeh Peter , Stanculovic Sebastian , Stange Torsten , Thumm Manfred , Tigelis Ioannis , Tsironis Christos , Wagner Dietmar , Xydou Anastasia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The European DEMO (EU-DEMO) reactor studies within EUROfusion aim to develop a fusion power plant concept. The large tokamak device needs an auxiliary heating power which, at the present stage, is provided by the Electron Cyclotron (EC) heating system with up to 130 MW foreseen to reach different regions of plasma for heating, suppression of instabilities and the possibility to support ramp-up and ramp-down phases. The present conceptual design of the system is based on 2 MW coaxial-cavity gyrotron sources, a transmission line (TL) using both circular corrugated waveguides and quasi-optical evacuated multi-beam TLs, and mirror antennas located in the Equatorial Port. In order to create a modular system, the sources are grouped in ‘clusters’, whose powers are combined in the quasi-optical TL, up to the tokamak building, where they are split and routed as single waveguides. In the launcher, they are combined together again on the launching mirrors, to save space for the apertures in the Breeding Blanket. The present EC heating system has a certain flexibility to adapt to changing design guidelines. The development status of the system is presented.
Simulation study of the influence of drifts on the upstream and target heat flux width under different B
T directions
Authors: Guo Jin , Mao Shifeng , Meng Lingyi , Xu Guoliang , Ding Rui , Ye Minyou 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The heat flux width (λq
) is a key parameter determining the heat load at divertor targets. In recent years, drifts have been found to play a remarkable role in the edge plasma transport, while its influence on λq
has not been well understood. Investigations of the influence of drifts on λq
, systematic simulations using the SOLPS-ITER code are performed in this work. The statistics of the simulation results show that the drift under favorable/unfavorable B
T tends to increase the λq
in the outer/inner side and decrease the λq
in the other side, which is consistent with the experiment observations. At the upstream and the target, the mechanisms of the influence of the drifts on λq
are different. The upstream λq
(λq

,u) is directly affected by the drift-induced convective heat flux, while λq
at the target (λq

,t) is indirectly influenced through heat conduction (in the high-recycling regime) and the sheath (in the detached regime) due to the change of plasma parameters there. Furthermore, the synergetic effect of geometry and drift under favorable B
T leads to an anomalously large λq

,t in the inner side at high density.
Wind turbine real-time data analysis and monitoring and warning system based on Storm
Authors: Zhang Pizhen , Xia Yan , Hou Rongxu , Yang Weiyin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces a real-time data analysis and monitoring and warning system for wind turbines based on Storm platform. Firstly, the framework and core components of Storm technology are introduced in detail, as well as the related Kafka technology. At the same time, the method of data forecasting is introduced. In state prediction algorithm based on naive Bayes, the basic idea of naive Bayes algorithm is introduced in detail, and the pseudo-code setting meter of the algorithm is given. In addition, the wind turbine condition warning algorithm is designed and implemented. In the chapter of real-time data analysis and early warning system design and implementation for wind turbine, the database is designed, including the design of MySQL database and HBase database, the design and reality of real-time data analysis and visualization system, and the design and reality of wind turbine fault early warning system. Finally, in the chapter of system test and analysis, the system environment and test data set are described, and the prediction algorithm based on naive Bayes is tested and the system is tested.
Particle identification with machine learning from incomplete data in the ALICE experiment
Authors: Karwowska Maja , Graczykowski Łukasz , Deja Kamil , Kasak Miłosz , Janik Małgorzata ,   the ALICE collaboration
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The ALICE experiment at the LHC measures properties of the strongly interacting matter
formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. Such studies require accurate particle
identification (PID). ALICE provides PID information via several detectors for particles with
momentum from about 100 MeV/c up to 20 GeV/c. Traditionally, particles are selected with
rectangular cuts. A much better performance can be achieved with machine learning (ML)
methods. Our solution uses multiple neural networks (NN) serving as binary classifiers. Moreover,
we extended our particle classifier with Feature Set Embedding and attention in order to train on
data with incomplete samples. We also present the integration of the ML project with the ALICE
analysis software, and we discuss domain adaptation, the ML technique needed to transfer the
knowledge between simulated and real experimental data.
Distributing circuits over heterogeneous, modular quantum computing network architectures
Authors: Andres-Martinez Pablo , Forrer Tim , Mills Daniel , Wu Jun-Yi , Henaut Luciana , Yamamoto Kentaro , Murao Mio , Duncan Ross 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider a heterogeneous network of quantum computing modules, sparsely connected via Bell states. Operations across these connections constitute a computational bottleneck and they are likely to add more noise to the computation than operations performed within a module. We introduce several techniques for transforming a given quantum circuit into one implementable on such a network, minimising the number of Bell states required to do so. We extend previous works on circuit distribution to the case of heterogeneous networks. On the one hand, we extend the hypergraph approach of Andres-Martinez and Heunen (2019 Phys. Rev. A 100 032308) to arbitrary network topologies, and we propose the use of Steiner trees to detect and reuse common connections, further reducing the cost of entanglement sharing within the network. On the other hand, we extend the embedding techniques of Wu et al (2023 Quantum
7 1196) to networks with more than two modules. We show that, with careful manipulation of trade-offs, these two new approaches can be combined into a single automated framework. Our proposal is implemented and benchmarked; the results confirm that our contributions make noticeable improvements upon the aforementioned works and complement their weaknesses.
Integer programming using a single atom
Authors: Goswami Kapil , Schmelcher Peter , Mukherjee Rick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Integer programming (IP), as the name suggests is an integer-variable-based approach commonly used to formulate real-world optimization problems with constraints. Currently, quantum algorithms reformulate the IP into an unconstrained form through the use of binary variables, which is an indirect and resource-consuming way of solving it. We develop an algorithm that maps and solves an IP problem in its original form to any quantum system possessing a large number of accessible internal degrees of freedom that are controlled with sufficient accuracy. This work leverages the principle of superposition to solve the optimization problem. Using a single Rydberg atom as an example, we associate the integer values to electronic states belonging to different manifolds and implement a selective superposition of different states to solve the full IP problem. The optimal solution is found within a few microseconds for prototypical IP problems with up to eight variables and four constraints. This also includes non-linear IP problems, which are usually harder to solve with classical algorithms when compared to their linear counterparts. Our algorithm for solving IP is benchmarked by a well-known classical algorithm (branch and bound) in terms of the number of steps needed for convergence to the solution. This approach carries the potential to improve the solutions obtained for larger-size problems using hybrid quantum–classical algorithms.
Enhanced rate capability and capacity of LIB full cells achieved through aerosol jet printing
Authors: Rodriguez Rodrigo , Deiner L Jay , Tsao Bang-Hung , Fellner Joseph P 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Thick lithium-iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes (31 mg cm−2) with rationally engineered pore structure and tortuosity were manufactured with an aerosol jet (AJ) printer. Cathode pore structuring was tuned by controlling the rate at which the printed ink dried. Slow-drying prints yielded smoother cathodes while fast-drying prints resulted in mesoscale structuring with substantial surface roughness. X-ray tomography further revealed that the rapid drying of AJ printed LFP cathodes produced low-tortuosity pore channels which were preserved after calendering. Full cells comprised of AJ print optimized LFP cathodes, with 30 mg cm−2 active material loadings, and capacity-matched, AJ printed lithium titanate anodes were assembled and electrochemically tested. Performance of the AJ printed full cells was compared to tape-cast (TC) full cells. At equivalent electrode loadings, compositions, and thicknesses, the AJ full cells outperformed the TC cells, averaging approximately 14% greater capacity per cycle after 100 cycles at a C/2 rate. Furthermore, at 1C, the AJ printed full cells realized a near two-fold increase in discharge capacity over the TC cells.
Difficulties and approaches in enabling learning-in-memory using crossbar arrays of memristors
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yang , Wang Ming 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Crossbar arrays of memristors are promising to accelerate the deep learning algorithm as a non-von-Neumann architecture, where the computation happens at the location of the memory. The computations are parallelly conducted employing the basic physical laws. However, current research works mainly focus on the offline training of deep neural networks, i.e. only the information forwarding is accelerated by the crossbar array. Two other essential operations, i.e. error backpropagation and weight update, are mostly simulated and coordinated by a conventional computer in von Neumann architecture, respectively. Several different in situ learning schemes incorporating error backpropagation and/or weight updates have been proposed and investigated through neuromorphic simulation. Nevertheless, they met the issues of non-ideal synaptic behaviors of the memristors and the complexities of the neural circuits surrounding crossbar arrays. Here we review the difficulties and approaches in implementing the error backpropagation and weight update operations for online training or in-memory learning that are adapted to noisy and non-ideal memristors. We hope this work will be beneficial for the development of open neuromorphic simulation tools for learning-in-memory systems, and eventually for the hardware implementation of such as system.
ETLP: event-based three-factor local plasticity for online learning with neuromorphic hardware
Authors: Quintana Fernando M , Perez-Peña Fernando , Galindo Pedro L , Neftci Emre O , Chicca Elisabetta , Khacef Lyes 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Neuromorphic perception with event-based sensors, asynchronous hardware, and spiking neurons shows promise for real-time, energy-efficient inference in embedded systems. Brain-inspired computing aims to enable adaptation to changes at the edge with online learning. However, the parallel and distributed architectures of neuromorphic hardware based on co-localized compute and memory imposes locality constraints to the on-chip learning rules. We propose the event-based three-factor local plasticity (ETLP) rule that uses the pre-synaptic spike trace, the post-synaptic membrane voltage and a third factor in the form of projected labels with no error calculation, that also serve as update triggers. ETLP is applied to visual and auditory event-based pattern recognition using feedforward and recurrent spiking neural networks. Compared to back-propagation through time, eProp and DECOLLE, ETLP achieves competitive accuracy with lower computational complexity. We also show that when using local plasticity, threshold adaptation in spiking neurons and a recurrent topology are necessary to learn spatio-temporal patterns with a rich temporal structure. Finally, we provide a proof of concept hardware implementation of ETLP on FPGA to highlight the simplicity of its computational primitives and how they can be mapped into neuromorphic hardware for online learning with real-time interaction and low energy consumption.
Introduction
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter lays out the scope and structure of the volume—that it will cover the books generally called the Apocrypha, as laid out in the New Oxford Annotated Bible. Each chapter will provide a concise overview of a given book. The sequence of books covered for most of the present volume follows the organization of the Apocrypha in the original edition of the King James Bible (1611). This chapter also discusses the pluriform nature of scripture in antiquity and the history of the term “apocrypha” as a literary category and the adoption of the word by early Protestants. “Apocrypha” was often used to describe books which should not be considered scripture.
Exile? What Exile?
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of 1 Esdras (also called 3 Ezra), which is the Old Testament in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, but not in the Catholic or Protestant Bible. The book, likely written in the second century bce, offers a version of how Judah established its society after the Babylonian exile. The chapter suggests that 3 Ezra reworks a now lost, older text that must have been similar to the books of Ezra and Nehemiah. 1 Esdras presents post-exilic Judah as restoring an ideal level of piety that was achieved under King Josiah before the exile. The book emphasizes the accomplishments of Zerubbabel and Ezra in a way that erases the historical significance of the exile and the destruction of the temple.
The Death of the Eagle and the Return of the Torah
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter provides a general overview of 4 Ezra (also called 2 Esdras). The book confronts the trauma of losing the Jerusalem temple, which the Roman Empire destroyed circa 70 ce. In the first part of 4 Ezra, Ezra is distraught and argues with an angel about whether the people of Israel can attain salvation. At the end of the book, Ezra, like Moses, restores the scriptures of Israel. The book stresses Torah observance and imminent eschatology. The former became important in rabbinic Judaism and the latter in Christianity, neither of which existed when 4 Ezra was written, in the forms they do today. 4 Ezra suggests that some Jews in the late first century ce reinvented their traditions in ways that resonate with and differ from what became rabbinic Judaism and Christianity. The chapter also covers the interpretation of 4 Ezra in the early modern period.
All’s Well That Ends Well
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of the book of Tobit, which is in the Catholic Old Testament and the Protestant Apocrypha. It is an ancient Jewish narrative, a kind of short story, that focuses on one family which was among the northern Israelites exiled to Assyria in the eighth century bce. Tobit is a pious patriarch who loses his sight and wants to die. God instead decides to help him and through a complicated series of events restores his sight. God also frees Sarah from the influence of a demon; she goes on to marry Tobias, Tobit’s son. A key message of the book is providence—that God rewards righteousness in his own way, which is often difficult for humans to discern.
Judith, the Queen of Hearts
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter is on the book of Judith, which is in the Catholic Old Testament and the Protestant Apocrypha. The book is an ancient Jewish story about a woman named Judith. When the powerful Assyrian army, led by the general Holofernes, threatens Israel, Judith saves the day. She goes to the Assyrian camp dressed in finery, under the false pretense of giving the Assyrians knowledge about how to defeat Israel. Judith tempts their general Holofernes with sexual allure, and when they are alone together in his tent, she chops off his head. The book creatively uses gender tropes to convey that with God the weak can overpower the strong. The chapter also focuses on the reception of the book of Judith, particularly in the early modern period. She serves as a kind of lens with which to gauge how people over the centuries expressed their support for, anxiety over, and hostility toward women with power.
Variations of a Beloved Tale
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is on the book of Esther. It is a popular book among Jewish readers because it lays out the origins of Purim, a Jewish holiday. Purim celebrates the story of Esther—that a powerful man, Haman, attempts to exterminate Jews throughout the ancient Persian Empire, but his heinous plot is thwarted by the Jew Mordecai and his cousin Esther, a beautiful woman who becomes the queen. The chapter focuses on the extensive differences between the versions of Esther in the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint. The Septuagint preserves an expansive retelling of the book. It adds dialogue and makes the role of God more explicit—he is mentioned throughout Septuagint Esther but never in Hebrew Esther.
The Noble Philosophy of Judaism
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter is on the Wisdom of Solomon, a book of the Catholic Old Testament and the Protestant Apocrypha. The book, written in Greek, is presented as an exhortation by the legendary King Solomon. It offers an extensive depiction of wisdom personified as a woman, not unlike the book of Proverbs, and the composition offers an extensive retelling of the Exodus story. The Wisdom of Solomon also richly incorporates tropes from Hellenistic philosophy, such as the Stoic view that divine reason is a soul or spirit that pervades the cosmos, which is how the composition describes wisdom. The Wisdom of Solomon frames the Jewish religion and its scriptural heritage not as the tradition of a particular people, but rather as a type of moral philosophy that is of benefit to all humankind, able to inculcate a love for wisdom and instill an accurate understanding of the world in all people.