bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of uncertainty in equilibrium reconstruction in the EAST superconducting tokamak
Authors: Liu G. J. , Wan B. N. , Sun Y. W. , Xiao B. J. , Wang Y. , Luo Zh. P. , Qian J. P. , Liu D. M. 
Published: July 2013

The analysis of uncertainties of magnetic measurements in equilibrium reconstruction is carried out on the EAST (Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak) tokamak. It is shown that uncertainties of magnetic diagnostics are about 0.2% and 10 mWb for flux loops and 0.6% and 20 G for magnetic probes. Analyzing the sensitivity of the magnetic data uncertainty in the plasma shape reconstruction is presented, based on EFIT fixed boundary and fitting mode and applying overall uncertainty as fitting weight in EFIT. It is found that reconstruction uncertainties are ranged in 0.5–1.4 cm for 6 control segments, less than 0.8 cm for X-points, and 1.0–1.6 cm for strike points with 95% confidence, in the last experimental campaign on the EAST tokamak.
Ge as a surfactant in metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy growth of a-plane GaN exceeding carrier concentrations of 1020 cm−3
Authors: Wieneke Matthias , Witte Hartmut , Lange Karsten , Feneberg Martin , Dadgar Armin , Bläsing Jürgen , Goldhahn Rüdiger , Krost Alois 
Published: July 2013

Nonpolar n-type doped a-plane GaN films were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on r-plane sapphire substrates using silane and isobutylgermane as Si and Ge dopants, respectively. It is found that Ge-doping acts as a surfactant enabling the growth of fully coalesced and mirror-like a-plane GaN films with electron concentrations above 1020 cm−3. Si-doping in excess of 2×1019 cm−3 shows an antisurfactant behavior leading to surface degradation. No significant impact on strain was found for any dopant. Results on the ordinary and extraordinary dielectric functions as determined by ellipsometry prove the high optical quality of the Ge-doped films.
Genetic Monitoring of Threatened Chinook Salmon Populations: Estimating Introgression of Nonnative Hatchery Stocks and Temporal Genetic Changes
Authors: Van Doornik Donald M. , Eddy Debra L. , Waples Robin S. , Boe Stephen J. , Hoffnagle Timothy L. , Berntson Ewann A. , Moran Paul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Conservation efforts aimed at Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations have frequently utilized artificial propagation in an attempt to increase fish abundance. However, this approach carries the risk of unwanted changes in the genetic characteristics of the target population and perhaps others that might incidentally be affected. We used genetic monitoring techniques to estimate the amount of introgression that has occurred from nonnative hatchery stocks into native populations and to determine the extent of genetic changes that have occurred in association with supplementation efforts over the past 20–50 years in Snake River Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha populations from northeastern Oregon. A total of 4,178 fish from 13 populations were genotyped for 12 microsatellite DNA loci. Expected heterozygosity values for each sample ranged from 0.707 to 0.868. Estimates of the effective number of breeders per year in the naturally spawning populations ranged from 20.6 to 459.1, whereas in the hatchery populations they ranged from 33.8 to 1,118.8. We found that introgression from the Rapid River Hatchery stock was particularly noticeable in the early 1990s but that it appears to have had a substantial effect on only two of the native populations (Lookingglass Creek and the upper Grande Ronde River) despite the ample opportunities for introgression to occur. All seven of the native populations sampled have maintained their levels of within-population genetic diversity throughout the sampling period. Overall, this region's supplementation efforts appear to have had a minimal effect on the genetic diversity of its Chinook Salmon populations.
Received October 9, 2012; accepted March 25, 2013
Statistical agglomeration: peak summarization for direct infusion lipidomics
Authors: Smith Rob , Anthonymuthu Tamil S. , Ventura Dan , Prince John T. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Quantification of lipids is a primary goal in lipidomics. In direct infusion/injection (or shotgun) lipidomics, accurate downstream identification and quantitation requires accurate summarization of repetitive peak measurements. Imprecise peak summarization multiplies downstream error by propagating into species identification and intensity estimation. To our knowledge, this is the first analysis of direct infusion peak summarization in the literature.
Results: We present two novel peak summarization algorithms for direct infusion samples and compare them with an off-machine ad hoc summarization algorithm as well as with the propriety Xcalibur algorithm. Our statistical agglomeration algorithm reduces peakwise error by 38% mass/charge (m/z) and 44% (intensity) compared with the ad hoc method over three datasets. Pointwise error is reduced by 23% (m/z). Compared with Xcalibur, our statistical agglomeration algorithm produces 68% less m/z error and 51% less intensity error on average on two comparable datasets.
Availability: The source code for Statistical Agglomeration and the datasets used are freely available for non-commercial purposes at https://github.com/optimusmoose/statistical_agglomeration. Modified Bin Aggolmeration is freely available in MSpire, an open source mass spectrometry package at https://github.com/princelab/mspire/.
Contact: 2robsmith@gmail.com or jtprince@chem.byu.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MMuFLR: missense mutation and frameshift location reporter
Authors: Rathe Susan K. , Johnson James E. , Silverstein Kevin A.T. , Erdmann Jesse J. , Watson Adrienne L. , Popescu Flavia E. , Ohlfest John R. , Largaespada David A. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Cancer researchers seeking immunotherapy targets in cancer cells need tools to locate highly expressed proteins unique to cancer cells. Missense mutation and frameshift location reporter (MMuFLR), a Galaxy-based workflow, analyzes next-generation sequencing paired read RNA-seq output to reliably identify small frameshift mutations and missense mutations in highly expressed protein-coding genes. MMuFLR ignores known SNPs, low quality reads and poly-A/T sequences. For each frameshift and missense mutation identified, MMuFLR provides the location and sequence of the amino acid substitutions in the novel protein candidates for direct input into epitope evaluation tools.
Availability: http://toolshed.g2.bx.psu.edu/
Contact: rath0096@umn.edu or johns198@umn.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Patient Injuries from Anesthesia Gas Delivery Equipment
Authors: Mehta Sonya P. , Eisenkraft James B. , Posner Karen L. , Domino Karen B. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background:
Improvements in anesthesia gas delivery equipment and provider training may increase patient safety. The authors analyzed patient injuries related to gas delivery equipment claims from the American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project database over the decades from 1970s to the 2000s.

Methods:
After the Institutional Review Board approval, the authors reviewed the Closed Claims Project database of 9,806 total claims. Inclusion criteria were general anesthesia for surgical or obstetric anesthesia care (n = 6,022). Anesthesia gas delivery equipment was defined as any device used to convey gas to or from (but not involving) the airway management device. Claims related to anesthesia gas delivery equipment were compared between time periods by chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

Results:
Anesthesia gas delivery claims decreased over the decades (P < 0.001) to 1% of claims in the 2000s. Outcomes in claims from 1990 to 2011 (n = 40) were less severe, with a greater proportion of awareness (n = 9, 23%; P = 0.003) and pneumothorax (n = 7, 18%; P = 0.047). Severe injuries (death/permanent brain damage) occurred in supplemental oxygen supply events outside the operating room, breathing circuit events, or ventilator mishaps. The majority (85%) of claims involved provider error with (n = 7) or without (n = 27) equipment failure. Thirty-five percent of claims were judged as preventable by preanesthesia machine check.

Conclusions:
Gas delivery equipment claims in the Closed Claims Project database decreased in 1990–2011 compared with earlier decades. Provider error contributed to severe injury, especially with inadequate alarms, improvised oxygen delivery systems, and misdiagnosis or treatment of breathing circuit events.
Polytrauma Patients With Associated Spine Fractures
Authors: Niedermeier Steven R. , Khan Safdar N. 
Published: July 2013

Study Design:
Retrospective comparative study.

Objective:
To examine perioperative characteristics among polytraumatized patients with operative, unstable spine fractures with and without concomitant operative long bone injuries.

Summary of Background Data:
Treatment of polytrauma patients has delicate and time-sensitive protocols to ensure successful recovery. The literature defines standards for vertebral injury and surgical intervention.

Data:
Severely polytraumatized patients with an Injury Severity Score (ISS)≥15 were divided according to those with operative spine fractures with operative long bone fractures (OSFLBF) and those with operative spine fractures alone (OSFA).

Methods:
Patients were compared by sex, age, mechanism of injury (MOI), ISS, location of injuries, time spent inpatient before procedure(s), total time in the operating room, type of procedure(s) performed, estimated operative blood loss, complications, length of stay (LOS), and time to discharge.

Results:
In a 12-year period, >600 patients were admitted to our level I trauma center with polytrauma and unstable spine fracture. Twelve had sustained operative unstable spine injuries and 21 had unstable spine injuries with a long bone injury requiring operative stabilization. Significant differences in ISS, LOS, MOI, region of vertebral injury, or total operating room time between the 2 groups were not observed. Differences were seen concerning average blood loss during surgery and time spent inpatient before entering the operating room. OSFLBF patients were discharged at a faster rate after 20 days compared with OSFSA patients.

Conclusions:
No differences in ISS, LOS, MOI, region of vertebral injury or vertebral procedure, or total operating room time were observed. Blood loss was more substantial in the OSFLBF group, but it spent fewer days in the hospital preoperatively. Despite a nonstatistical difference in LOS, a larger proportion of OSFA patients remained in the hospital after being inpatient for >20 days, reducing the risk for iatrogenic complication in that group compared with OSFA.

Level of Evidence:
III, retrospective comparative.
Economic policies, macroeconomic environment and entrepreneurs' expectations
Authors: Caldas Montes Gabriel , Cesar Albuquerque Bastos Júlio 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of macroeconomic variables and economic policies on expectations and confidence of entrepreneurs. It provides an econometric analysis of the expectation transmission channel under inflation targeting in Brazil, emphasizing the effect of inflation targeting credibility on the business confidence of industrial entrepreneurs.Design/methodology/approachBased on ordinary least square (OLS), generalized method of moments (GMM) and vector autoregression (VAR), the paper provides empirical evidence about the influence of inflation targeting credibility and macroeconomic policies on expectations and confidence of entrepreneurs and, as a consequence, on industrial production.FindingsThe evidence for the Brazilian economy suggest that monetary and fiscal policies as well as the credibility of the monetary regime affect economic activity by their impact on expectations of entrepreneurs.Research limitations/implicationDevelopment of macroeconomic stability is important to the expectations formed by entrepreneurs and, therefore, for industrial production. In particular, inflation targeting credibility stimulates industrial production, since it increases the confidence of entrepreneurs about the functioning of the economy and their businesses.Originality/valueThe results suggest new insights about the influence of economic policies on the real side of the economy, pointing out that the conduct of economic policies in emerging countries with inflation targets are likely to affect the expectations of entrepreneurs and therefore their production decisions.
Accessibility for mental healthcare
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia 
Published: July 2013

PurposePatients' movement in mental health facilities is frequently compromised for reasons quite apart from real physical incompetence. Accessibility within mental healthcare facilities is a more complex issue than universal accessibility standards generically allow for. The purpose of this paper is to critically question the adequacy of universal design aids as the main way to deal with accessibility in facilities for the adult mentally ill in the community.Design/methodology/approachSeveral community mental healthcare units (in both Great Britain and France) are reviewed and analysed while they are occupied and running. The focus of the study is on restrictions of movement and the use of universal accessibility devices. The data are part of a broader exploratory study of facilities for mental healthcare, which used empirical, comparative and user inclusive methods.FindingsMental health facilities are rarely designed for the model of care and staffing regimes which they will house. This discordance between the physical and organizational milieu inevitably compromises accessibility, even though patients tend to be physically able. Outdoor access, vertical circulation and the accessibility of bathrooms are particularly affected.Research limitations/implicationsModels of care, management and staffing requirements, therapeutic needs of patients and interpersonal relationships should be considered for accessibility during planning, in addition to traditional accessibility devices and design. Furthermore, more research is needed to address the ways that accessibility devices need to be altered to comply with the psychosocial elements.Originality/valueThis paper readdresses the traditional view of accessibility, suggesting the paradigm needs to be better developed and nuanced for mental healthcare facilities.
Android smartphone adoption and intention to pay for mobile internet
Authors: Hsiao Kuo‐Lun 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe research goal of this study is to explore the factors influencing the adoption of Android smartphones and the intention to pay for mobile internet services.Design/methodology/approachThe present study proposes a framework based on theory of reasoned action (TRA) from the perspectives of software (interface convenience and perceived content), hardware (perceived infrastructure), design (design aesthetics) and perceived value (emotional value, price/value for money, performance/quality value, and social value). A web survey was conducted, and data were collected from a total of 881 users of Android smartphones in Taiwan. The casual model was validated using partial least squares (PLS) techniques.FindingsThe results indicated that the influence of the factors on the intention of the mobile internet users and non‐users were different. Surprisingly, the effect of design aesthetics was not significant in all of the groups. Male users were found to be more likely to read e‐books on their smartphones, as are people with higher personal incomes.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that promote mobile internet users' and non‐users' intention to adopt Android smartphones and pay for mobile internet services. The proposed framework can be used by mobile internet service providers and smartphone manufacturers to design the products and marketing strategies.Originality/valueThe primary value of this paper lies in providing a better understanding of users' and non‐users' concerns about Android smartphone adoption and subscription of mobile internet services.
Libraries as coworking spaces
Authors: Bilandzic Mark , Foth Marcus 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to inform design strategies for smart space technology to enhance libraries as environments for coworking and informal social learning. The focus is on understanding user motivations, behaviour, and activities in the library when there is no programmed agenda.Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses gathered data over five months of ethnographic research at The Edge – a “bookless” library space at the State Library of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, that is explicitly dedicated to coworking, social learning, peer collaboration, and creativity around digital culture and technology.FindingsThe results present five personas that embody people's main usage patterns as well as motivations, attitudes, and perceived barriers to social learning. It appears that most users work individually or within pre‐organised groups, but usually do not make new connections with co‐present, unacquainted users. Based on the personas, four hybrid design dimensions are suggested to improve the library as a social interface for shared learning encounters across physical and digital spaces.Originality/valueThe findings in this paper offer actionable knowledge for managers, decision makers, and designers of technology‐enhanced library spaces and similar collaboration and coworking spaces.
A multi‐strategy machine learning student modeling for intelligent tutoring systems
Authors: Huang Mu‐Jung , Chiang Heien‐Kun , Wu Pei‐Fen , Hsieh Yu‐Jung 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThis study aims to propose a blackboard approach using multistrategy machine learning student modeling techniques to learn the properties of students' inconsistent behaviors during their learning process.Design/methodology/approachThese multistrategy machine learning student modeling techniques include inductive reasoning (similarity‐based learning), deductive reasoning (explanation‐based learning), and analogical reasoning (case‐based reasoning).FindingsAccording to the properties of students' inconsistent behaviors, the ITS (intelligent tutoring system) may then adopt appropriate methods, such as intensifying teaching and practicing, to prevent their inconsistent behaviors from reoccurring.Originality/valueThis research sets the learning object on a single student. After the inferences are accumulated from a group of students, what kinds of students tend to have inconsistent behaviors or under what conditions the behaviors happened for most students can be learned.
Conceptual foundations for representing robotics history in a non‐linear digital archive
Authors: Milojević Staša , Šabanović Selma 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the conceptual foundations and motivation for creating a digital archive to display the developments in the field of robotics over the past 50 years.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes that the archive should be based on the conceptualization of science as an “ecology of knowledge”, composed of diverse sets of human and nonhuman actors evolving through associations across multiple social, epistemic, and temporal units of organization. The paper also discusses the roles of different data sources as memory practices primarily used in situated and systemic studies of science.FindingsThe paper shows the value of using full capabilities of the current technology to allow for non‐linear representations of the material within a digital archive.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the discussion of the implications of new information technologies such as digital archives for memory practices in science studies and the sciences.
Findings from the Making Every Adult Matter (MEAM) service pilots: a summary paper
Authors: Battrick Tim , Hilbery Oliver , Holloway Sue 
Published: July 2013

PurposeDuring 2011, the Making Every Adult Matter (MEAM) coalition supported three pilots to better coordinate existing local services for people facing multiple needs and exclusions. These individuals experience a combination of problems such as homelessness, substance misuse, mental health problems and offending. Many face difficulties consistent with dual diagnosis in its broadest sense. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the evaluation of the pilots, undertaken by FTI Consulting/Compass Lexecon in partnership with Pro Bono Economics.Design/methodology/approachThe evaluation examined the three pilots, which took place in Cambridgeshire, Derby and Somerset in England. The study looked at two main effects as individuals engaged with better coordinated services: changes in wellbeing and, changes in the use and cost of wider local services. Primary wellbeing data were collected from clients and primary service use data were collected directly from relevant local agencies (police, health, housing etc). The study followed 39 individuals across the pilot sites. The average period between initial and final measurements was nine months.Findings – The findings show significant improvements in wellbeing for nearly all clients across three quantitative measures. The evaluation also recorded changes in the use and cost of local services. Some costs decreased in the first year of the pilot, for example, criminal justice costs in the Cambridgeshire and Somerset pilot areas. Other costs increased in the first year as people accessed the help they needed. In Cambridgeshire, the reduction in crime costs (£100,000 or 31 percent) was large enough to lead to an overall cost reduction. The total cost of service use in the first year increased in the other two areas.Originality/valueCollecting primary data on clients’ actual service use directly from local agencies provides a strong methodological base. The evaluation will continue for a further year to examine the longitudinal impact of the pilots. The evaluation findings are of relevance to service providers, commissioners and policy makers interested in improving services for people facing multiple needs and exclusions.
A study of the psychotropic prescriptions of people attending an addiction service in England
Authors: Obirenjeyi Oluyase Adejoke , Raistrick Duncan , Abbasi Yasir , Dale Veronica , Lloyd Charlie 
Published: July 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the prescribed psychotropic medications taken by newly referred people with a range of substance use disorders (SUD) who attend a specialist community addiction service.Design/methodology/approachAnonymised data on newly referred people (n=1,537) with SUD attending a specialist community addiction service for their first episode of treatment between August 2007 and July 2010 were obtained from the database of the service. Data were cleaned and the percentage of people taking prescribed psychotropic medications at their first episode of treatment was calculated.FindingsMore than half (56.1 percent) of people attending the service were taking prescribed antidepressants and anxiolytics at their first episode of treatment whilst 15.2 percent of people were taking prescribed antipsychotics. Alcohol and opioids were the primary referral substances for 77.4 percent and 15.2 percent of people respectively. People referred for “other” substances (cannabis, stimulants, sedatives, hallucinogens, solvents and polydrug use) made up the remaining 7.5 percent and had the highest percentage of prescribed psychotropics (antipsychotics=47 percent, antidepressants and anxiolytics=64.3 percent) compared to those referred for alcohol and opioids (p<0.0005).Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of psychotropic prescribing among people with a range of SUD in the UK. The high prevalence of psychotropic prescribing raises questions about the appropriateness of these prescriptions and calls for scrutiny of prescribing practice in this group of people.