bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conscientious Provision of Care
Authors: Haupt Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe four articles in the Hastings Center Report's July‐August 2024 issue make for an eclectic mix. The lead article, to which two commentaries respond, makes the case that the legal protections for conscientious objection in medicine should be counterbalanced by legal protections for clinicians who, against the religious or moral policies of the hospitals where they work, conscientiously provide referrals for medical interventions that are prohibited in those facilities. Two other articles focus on the ethics of normothermic regional perfusion, a controversial surgical procedure in transplantation medicine. The final article explores the risks and benefits of having aspiring therapists in the field of psychedelic‐assisted therapy (PAT) undergo their own PAT as part of their training.
In Defense of Normothermic Regional Perfusion
Authors: Truog Robert D. , Doernberg Samuel N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNormothermic regional perfusion (NRP) is a relatively new approach to procuring organs for transplantation. After circulatory death is declared, perfusion is restored to either the thoracoabdominal organs (in TA‐NRP) or abdominal organs alone (in A‐NRP) using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Simultaneously, surgeons clamp the cerebral arteries, causing a fatal brain injury. Critics claim that clamping the arteries is the proximate cause of death in violation of the dead donor rule and that the procedure is therefore unethical. We disagree. This account does not consider the myriad other factors that contribute to the death of the donor, including the presence of a fatal medical condition, the decision to withdraw life support, and the physician's actions in withdrawing life support and administering medication that may hasten death. Instead, we claim that physicians play a causative role in many of the events that lead to a patient's death and that these actions are often ethically and legally justified. We advance an “all things considered” view according to which TA‐NRP may be considered ethically acceptable insofar as it avoids suffering and respects the wishes of the patient to improve the lives of others through organ donation. We conclude with a series of critical questions related to the practice of NRP and call for the development of national consensus on this issue in the United States.
A Risk Is Not a Harm: Abortion Exceptions in State Laws
Authors: Bibler Trevor M. , Suen Alison 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis letter responds to the article “Beneath the Sword of Damocles: Moral Obligations of Physicians in a Post‐Dobbs Landscape,” by Anne Drapkin Lyerly, Ruth R. Faden, and Michelle M. Mello, in the May‐June 2024 issue of the Hastings Center Report.
Bofedal wetland and glacial melt contributions to dry season streamflow in a high‐Andean headwater watershed
Authors: Gribbin Tom , Mackay Jonathan D. , MacDonald Alan , Hannah David M. , Buytaert Wouter , Baiker Jan R. , Montoya Nilton , Perry L. Baker , Seimon Anton , Rado Maxwell , Arias Sandro , Vargas Miguel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the context of expected future melt reductions in the high‐Andes, the buffering capacity of non‐glacial stores, and especially of high‐altitude bofedal wetlands, is of increasing importance. Isotope signatures potentially indicative of water undergoing evaporation on transit through bofedales have been found in the tropics, but end‐member uncertainty has so far prevented streamflow separation using this signal. We undertook a stable isotope sampling campaign over the 2022 wet‐dry season transition in a 53.6 km2, 16% glacierized catchment in southern Peru with a bofedal coverage of 11%. Diurnal proglacial hydrographs and remote sensing were used to interpret seasonal snowmelt dynamics and identify the dry periods when glacial melt and bofedal contributions are assessed to be the two principal components of streamflow. Following the final wet season precipitation event, a rapid ~3 week transition occurs in the main river from a stable isotope signature consistent with dynamic rainfall/snowmelt contributions to one of ice‐melt. In both wet and dry seasons, the main river and tributary streams show evaporative enrichment suggesting ongoing supply from water transiting bofedales. A two‐component mixing model using lc‐excess during the dry season shows the bofedal source contribution varies from 9% to 20% [±9–10%], indicating that streamflow is greatly augmented by the presence of glaciers at these headwater scales. However, applying these proportions to river discharge shows a sustained bofedal contribution of around 0.09 m3/s during the dry season study window whereas the flux of glacial water halves from 0.73 to 0.36 m3/s over this timeframe. The results highlight the important role of bofedales and the connected groundwater system in buffering seasonal declines in streamflow months into the dry season, and suggests the hydrological functioning of bofedales as part of this wider system should be considered when exploring the effectiveness of potential options to sustain baseflows in a post‐glacial future.
Understanding satellite‐derived groundwater dynamics and its association with hydrological processes over India during excess and deficit monsoon years
Authors: Shaikh Bushra Y. , Parekh Anant , Gnanaseelan C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides valuable data to monitor groundwater variation. This study investigates groundwater dynamics in India during deficit and excess monsoon years. It finds possible interactions by exploring how groundwater levels respond to meteorological and hydrological conditions. Groundwater anomalies (GWA) are estimated using Terrestrial Water Storage Anomalies (TWSA) from GRACE and hydrological parameters from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The statistical analysis reveals that the standard deviation is higher for hydrological parameters in summer (June to September), whereas it is higher in fall (October to November) for GWA in many parts of India. The modulation in hydrological parameters subsequently impacts GWA during the following seasons. The study reports increased groundwater across many parts of India during fall. However, groundwater decline is closely linked to unsaturated soil moisture from fall to winter (December to February). Groundwater storage is at its lowest levels during the following spring (March to May) over India. Four deficit and three excess summer monsoons occurred from 2002 to 2022. Composite analysis of GWA reveals that there is replenishment (depletion) of groundwater during the following fall and winter in excess (deficit). The analysis based on extreme deficit monsoon years (2002, 2009) and excess monsoon year (2019) reveals that during the deficit years, groundwater recharge is less, and excess monsoon year it is more; and is vice versa for GWA. The study reports decline in GWA during the summer 2019, which is attributed to the hydrological conditions of the preceding year and modulation of the hydrological processes. As climate variability and water scarcity become increasingly pressing issues, understanding the relationships between hydrological factors and groundwater dynamics is essential for ensuring sustainable water use and resilience to extremely varying climate conditions.
To be visible yet remain unseen: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of embodied drug use and recovery of Filipinas
Authors: Yusay Camille Therese C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe experience of drug use is a gendered and culturally embodied phenomenon. This qualitative study aims to unpack the lived experiences of 16 urban, poor, Filipina mothers who used drugs. In‐depth interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Their experiences were divided into drug initiation and recovery. Key findings show embodied experiences of initiation through starting use, losing control, and navigating through public and private spaces of drug use. Their experiences of drug recovery revolved around decoupling relations, avoiding drug use spaces, and healing their strained home. Theoretically, this study contributes to enriching the analytical underpinnings of IPA through a gendered and embodied perspective. In terms of practical implications, findings point to the need for a gender‐conscious approach in intervention design and implementation in the community setting considering the life space of Filipinas who use drugs.
Potential of extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy for parasitic diseases
Authors: Pinheiro Ana Acacia Sá , Torrecilhas Ana Claudia , Souza Bruno Solano de Freitas , Cruz Fernanda Ferreira , Guedes Herbert Leonel de Matos , Ramos Tadeu Diniz , Lopes‐Pacheco Miqueias , Caruso‐Neves Celso , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParasitic diseases have a significant impact on human and animal health, representing a major hazard to the public and causing economic and health damage worldwide. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have long been recognized as diagnostic and therapeutic tools but are now also known to be implicated in the natural history of parasitic diseases and host immune response modulation. Studies have shown that EVs play a role in parasitic disease development by interacting with parasites and communicating with other types of cells. This review highlights the most recent research on EVs and their role in several aspects of parasite‐host interactions in five key parasitic diseases: Chagas disease, malaria, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis and helminthiases. We also discuss the potential use of EVs as diagnostic tools or treatment options for these infectious diseases.
Can you know before you go? Information about disability accommodations on US hospital websites
Authors: Kannam Allison , Haywood Carol , Morris Megan A. , Huang Lynn , Singer Tracey , Bajaj Gurasees , Muhammad Aijalon , Lagu Tara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople with disability (PWD) face challenges accessing healthcare. Websites are a public‐facing resource that can help PWD determine if a hospital can accommodate their needs, yet few studies have described whether hospital websites contain adequate accommodation information.ObjectiveTo characterize the extent to which information about disability accommodations is available on US hospital websites.MethodsWe manually reviewed hospital websites using a structured extraction form. We used the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Hospital General Information Data set to identify a stratified random sample of 600 nonspecialty hospitals in the United States. We excluded hospitals that shared a website with a previously reviewed hospital for a final sample of 445. We recorded (1) content about specific disability accommodations (in 11 predetermined categories); (2) descriptions of hospital policy mentioning disability; and (3) the point of contact to obtain more information about accommodations.ResultsAbout two‐thirds (65.6%) of sampled hospitals were acute care hospitals (vs. 34.4% critical access); 53.5% had 26–299 beds. Overall, 73.7% websites had information about accommodations; of these, 36.3% had information solely within hospital policies. Of the 47.0% websites with accommodation information beyond hospital policies, the mean number of accommodations listed (excluding policy statements) was 2.37 (of 11 possible). Hospitals with 300+ beds had higher odds of listing any nonpolicy accommodations than those with 1–26 beds (odds ratio = 2.768, p = .02). Less than half (40.5%) hospitals listed a contact person.ConclusionsInformation about disability accommodations is sparse on hospital websites. Comprehensive and actionable communication about accommodations is needed to better protect PWD's rights to accessible healthcare.
Does cytomegalovirus infection and antiviral therapy affect prognosis of biliary atresia? A real‐world retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dong Jie , Xie Ting , Li Bo , Xiao Yong , Li Ming , Xu Guang , Zou Chanjuan , Xia Renpeng , Li Bixiang , Zhou Chonggao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo explore the impacts of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and antiviral treatment (AVT) on native liver survival (NLS) in biliary atresia (BA) infants. This retrospective cohort study included infants diagnosed as BA between January 2015 and December 2021 at Hunan Children's Hospital. CMV infection was defined by DNA polymerase chain reaction alone (DNA data set) and combination of DNA and immunoglobulin M (CMV data set). In the DNA data set of 330 patients, 234 patients (70.9%) survived with their native liver in 2 years, with 113 (73.9%) in the DNA− cohort, 70 (65.4%) in the DNA+ and AVT− cohort and 51 (72.9%) in the DNA+ and AVT+ cohort, without significant differences by log‐rank tests. In patients administrated between 2015 and March 2019, there were 206 evaluable patients in the DNA data set, with rates of 5‐year NLS of 68.3% in the DNA− cohort, similar to that in the DNA+ and AVT+ cohort (62.2%, p = 0.546), but significantly higher than that in the DNA+ and AVT− cohort (51.4%, p = 0.031). Similar trends were also observed in the CMV data set, although statistically insignificant. CMV infection before or on the day of HPE can reduce the rate of 5‐year NLS and AVT was recommended for CMV‐infected BA infants.
Effect of temperature dependence of 2DEG on device characteristics of field‐plated recessed‐gate III‐nitride/β‐Ga2O3 nano‐HEMT
Authors: Rao G. Purnachandra , Lenka Trupti Ranjan , Nguyen Hieu Pham Trung , Boukortt Nour El. I. , Crupi Giovanni 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, a field‐plated and recessed gate III‐Nitride Nano‐HEMT developed on β‐Ga2O3 substrate is proposed and investigated for various performance characteristics over different temperatures. The 2DEG (Two Dimensional Electron Gas) dependence on temperature is critical for commercial utilization of GaN‐based HEMTs (high electron mobility transistors). Here, the temperature influence on 2DEG for proposed HEMT over the range of 300–400 K has been investigated. The results demonstrate that the 2DEG density of proposed HEMT reduces as temperature increases. It has been observed that phonon scattering results in a sharp decline in the mobility of 2DEG as temperature increases, which causes the electric field to decrease. It also exhibited that the cut‐off frequency decreased over the temperature changes from 300 to 400 K due to diminution in electron mobility. This research aims to contribute an extensive overview of proposed III‐Nitride Nano‐HEMT designed on a lattice‐matched substrate of β‐Ga2O3 to foster future research on the latest developments in this field.
Assessing the future probable maximum precipitation in Utah under global warming
Authors: Gu Hongping , Meyer Jonathan , Wang Shih‐Yu Simon , Gillies Robert , Zhang Wei , Taylor Everett 
Published: August 2024

AbstractProbable maximum precipitation (PMP) has been an important criterion for designing hydrological infrastructure and it is likely to change with respect to global warming. To assess the potential risk that hydrological infrastructure in the U.S. state of Utah may encounter under the least mitigated emission scenario of Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5), this study identified historical (1950–2005) and future (2006–2100) PMP estimates to quantify the range and degree of change for extreme precipitation. The results show that an averaged RCP8.5 simulated 19.2% (3.43°C) increase in dewpoint temperature will result in a 39% (88.39 mm) increase in 24‐h 100‐mi2 (259 km2) PMP values. It is also found that the rapidly growing metropolitan areas of the state would experience a greater PMP increase (106.43 mm) than that in the state's National Parks and forested areas (93.98 mm). This discovery indicates a vulnerability that could affect both hydrological and metropolitan infrastructure. The planning of the state's infrastructure needs to consider the changing PMP under global warming.
Indian summer monsoon rainfall response to two distinct evolutions of La Niña events
Authors: Sharma Tanu , Ratna Satyaban B. , Pai Damodara S. , Bandgar Arti , Rajeevan Madhavan , Mohapatra Mrutyunjay , Sreejith Onpathamkuniyil P. , Hosalikar Krishnanand S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the asymmetry in the Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) response over India and its four homogeneous regions to two distinct types of temporal evolution in La Niña. We have shown this uneven response by analysing the large‐scale dynamics over tropical Indo‐Pacific region for the period 1951–2022. We have identified two types of La Niña events during monsoon season (June–September) based on whether they evolved from El Niño or La Niña from preceding boreal winter season (December–February). India receives significantly more (less) rainfall during La Niña years, when it was preceded by El Niño (La Niña) in the preceding winter. We further observed the spatial diversity of rainfall over India with a northeast–southwest dipole pattern. When La Niña years were preceded by El Niño, positive surface pressure anomaly over west‐north Pacific, low‐level westerlies and moisture transport favoured the rainfall over south peninsula and west‐central India. Whereas moisture divergence associated with anomalous lower‐tropospheric anticyclone over west‐north Pacific suppressed the rainfall over Indo‐Gangetic plains. However, when La Niña years were preceded by La Niña in winter, the absence of westerlies and weak moisture transport subdued the rainfall over south peninsula and west‐central India. At the same time, moisture convergence and a greater number of monsoon depressions favoured rainfall over north‐west India. This study also looked at how well eight Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) models predicted ISMR and SST for two types of La Niña with April initial conditions during the period 1993–2016. Models were able to capture the spatial pattern of SST anomalies over Indo‐Pacific Ocean, but all models could not capture the spatial pattern of ISMR. However, in terms of intensity, six out of eight models could predict more (less) ISMR when it was preceded by El Niño (La Niña), coinciding with the observed anomaly.
The out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation over northern China and the possible mechanisms
Authors: Du Yuchun , Chen Huopo , Hong Haixu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explored the interannual characteristics of the out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation over northern China during the past years, as well as the possible underlying mechanisms. The out‐of‐phase pattern is characterized by the positive precipitation anomaly in Northwest China (NWC) and the negative anomaly in North China (NC). Our analyses indicate that the variation of Asian westerly jet (AWJ) is found evidently associated with this out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation. The meridional displacement of AWJ induces opposite trends in water vapour transport and circulation anomalies between NWC and NC, leading to the out‐of‐phase pattern. Further analyses suggest that the anomalies of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC), North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) can impact the variation of AWJ by triggering the Eurasian (EU), polar‐Eurasia (POL) and Pacific‐Japan (PJ) teleconnection patterns, respectively, which in turn modulate the formation of this pattern. The precipitation in NWC is primarily affected by the North Atlantic and Northwest Pacific SST anomalies, whereas the precipitation in NC is notably influenced by both SST anomalies and the Arctic SIC anomaly. However, the role of SST anomalies on precipitation in NWC and NC exhibits an evident contrast, leading to the out‐of‐phase pattern of summer precipitation.
Metal–organic framework‐enabled biomass conversion technologies for microalgae bio‐refinery in the food industry
Authors: Sadana Sujatha , Rajasimman Manivasagan , Sanjay Senthil Kumar , Kishore Viswanathan , Senthil Rathi Balasubramani , Rezania Shahabaldin , Kamyab Hesam , Vasseghian Yasser 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiomass is a valuable renewable energy adapted as an alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Apart from fuels, biomass is synthesized into highly valuable products that are used in various forms including biofuels, biochemical, bioproducts, packing material, and find practice in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals industries. Particularly, microalgae a third‐generation feedstock known for its rich carbon content possesses protein lipids and carbohydrates produces a variety of green products such as bioethanol, biohydrogen, biodiesel, and biomethane, and also fixes carbon emission to a certain amount in the atmosphere. However, microalgae conversion in the presence of a catalyst such as a metal–organic framework (MOF) yields high‐quality valuable products. A MOF is a porous crystalline material where the structure and pore size can be controlled making it suitable for catalytic reactions and appropriate conversion paths. This review briefly explains the prevailing status of microalgae as a sustainable biomass and features its components for microalgae biorefinery into valuable products and its application in the food industry. MOF properties, characteristics and various MOF‐based conversion technologies for biomass conversion with its application are elaborated. In addition, usage of value products produced from microalgae biorefinery in the food industry and its importance is elucidated. In addition, the challenges in integrating biorefinery processes with food industry operations and their solutions are also presented. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Changes in phosphorus‐related performance attributes of dryland winter wheat cultivars released between the 1940s and 2010s in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: He Zhan , Lian Huida , Qin Cheng , Yan Jiakun , Li Hongbing , Zhang Suiqi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater and nutrients are two main determinants of wheat yield, which are vital for maintaining high crop yields. In the present study, the effects of water and phosphate fertilization on wheat yield, photosynthetic parameters, water productivity and phosphate use efficiency were investigated. Five dryland wheat cultivars from the 1940s to the 2010s that are widely cultivated in Shaanxi Province, China, were used. Experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2022 using two irrigation levels (normal rainfall and no precipitation after the reviving stage) and two phosphorus application levels (0 and 100 kg ha−1).RESULTSCompared with old cultivars (‘Mazha’), the grain yield of modern cultivars (‘Changhan 58’) was 89.24% higher and was closely correlated with chlorophyll index, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate and tillers. With the replacement of cultivars, the phosphorus content, water potential and phosphatase activity of wheat leaves increased. Considering water–phosphorus interactions, the water use efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency of wheat showed a significant positive correlation.CONCLUSIONOur findings indicate that modern wheat cultivars are more responsive to phosphorus. Further analysis revealed that modern varieties have evolved two phosphorus absorption strategies in response to phosphorus deficiency – namely, the formation of a phosphorus supply source, which may result in larger numbers of green organs; and an increase in phosphorus sinks, which tended to activation and transport of plant phosphorus. Our results may thus contribute to water conservation, increased yields and the development of strategies for efficient phosphorus fertilization. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.