bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute Configurations of Melanoxadin, MR‐93A, Melanoxazal, and MR‐93B
Authors: He Tian‐Jun , Zhu Shijun , Lu Xiao‐Wei , Wu Yikang , Li Yan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFungal metabolites melanoxadin, MR‐93A, melanoxazal, and MR‐93B were synthesized with the key stereogenic centers derived from commercially available chiral building blocks. The optically active synthetic products with well‐defined absolute configurations provided authentic samples for the stereoisomers of these oxazole‐containing natural products and thus allowed for unambiguous assignments of their relative and absolute configurations. The large discrepancies in the optical rotations between the natural and the pure synthetic samples are discussed. Some errors in the previously reported NMR signal assignments are also corrected.
Determination of Total Protein Concentration in Solution Using Gold Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Tchekwagep Patrick Marcel Seumo , Nanseu‐Njiki Charles Péguy , Ngameni Emmanuel , Danielsson Ravi , Arnebrant Thomas , Ruzgas Tautgirdas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGold electrodes were modified with silver nanoparticles and Ag/AgCl redox conversion was recorded by cyclic voltammetry in protein containing electrolyte solution. The charge of the reduction peak decreased with the increase of the total protein concentration. This correlation was better for solutions containing bovine serum albumin as a standard than for the samples of human saliva. The results of these electroanalytical measurements show that the method can be used to determine protein concentration in electrolyte solution in the range from 0.01 to 0.2 mg mL−1, though reproducibility of analysis of real samples must be further improved.
Solid‐Contact Potentiometric Sensor Based on Polyaniline and Unsubstituted Pillar[5]Arene
Authors: Stoikova Ekaterina E. , Sorvin Michail I. , Shurpik Dmitry N. , Budnikov Herman C. , Stoikov Ivan I. , Evtugyn Gennady A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA novel potentiometric sensor based on screen‐printed carbon electrode covered with electropolymerized polyaniline (PANI) and unsubstituted pillar[5]arene as ionophore has been developed and tested in potentiometric measurements of pH and metal ions. The introduction of pillar[5]arene improved the reversibility of the pH response in the range from 2.0 to 9.0 with the slope of 45 mV/pH. Among metal cations, the response to Fe3+ and Ag+ ions was referred to PANI redox conversion whereas the signal toward Cu2+ in the range from 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−2 M (limit of detection (LOD) 3.0×10−7 M) to specific interaction with the macrocycle.
Cognitive Profile of Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kjaersdam Telléus Gry , Jepsen Jens Richardt , Bentz Mette , Christiansen Eva , Jensen Signe O. W. , Fagerlund Birgitte , Thomsen Per Hove 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveFew studies of cognitive functioning in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) have been conducted. The aim of this study was to examine the neurocognitive and intelligence profile of this clinical group.MethodThe study was a matched case–control (N = 188), multi‐centre study including children and adolescents with AN (N = 94) and healthy control participants (N = 94).ResultsThe results suggest that Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐III/Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III) in this patient group is close to the normal population mean of 100. Individuals with AN exhibited significantly worse performance in nonverbal intelligence functions (i.e. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐III/Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐III, Perceptual Organization Index) and in verbal memory (Test of Memory and Learning—Second Edition, Memory for Stories) and motor speed (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, Simple and Choice Reaction Time) compared with healthy control participants. No significant difference in set‐shifting ability (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, Intra‐Extra Dimensional Set Shift and Trail Making Test B) was found.ConclusionsInefficiency in nonverbal intelligence functions and in specific cognitive functions was found in this study of children and adolescents with AN. © 2014 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury in Patients with Eating Disorder: Associations with Identity Formation Above and Beyond Anxiety and Depression
Authors: Claes Laurence , Luyckx Koen , Bijttebier Patricia , Turner Brianna , Ghandi Amarendra , Smets Jos , Norre Jan , Van Assche Leen , Verheyen Els , Goris Yvienne , Hoksbergen Ingrid , Schoevaerts Katrien 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the association between non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and problems in identity formation among patients with eating disorder (ED). NSSI is highly prevalent in ED, and problems with identity formation are characteristic of both NSSI and ED. Few studies, however, have investigated identity formation in patients with ED with and without NSSI while taking into account comorbid psychopathology (e.g. anxiety and depression). Therefore, we investigated the relationships between NSSI characteristics, identity confusion/synthesis, and anxiety/depression in 99 female patients with ED by means of self‐report questionnaires. The results showed that 58.6% of the patients with ED engaged in at least one type of NSSI (most frequently cutting), with no significant differences in rates of NSSI or identity problems among ED subtypes. Presence, versatility and automatic negative reinforcement functions of NSSI were each significantly and positively related to identity confusion and negatively related to identity synthesis. Even after controlling for age, anxiety, and depression, lack of identity synthesis remained a significant predictor of NSSI in patients with ED. Given that NSSI may constitute an effort to deal with identity confusion/synthesis in patients with ED, therapists should take this developmental task into account while treating patients with ED with NSSI. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effects of flow configuration on bone tissue engineering using human mesenchymal stem cells in 3D chitosan composite scaffolds
Authors: Sellgren Katelyn L. , Ma Teng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPerfusion bioreactor plays important role in supporting 3D bone construct development. Scaffolds of chitosan composites have been studied to support bone tissue regeneration from osteogenic progenitor cells including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). In this study, porous scaffolds of hydroxyapatite (H), chitosan (C), and gelatin (G) were fabricated by phase‐separation and press‐fitted in the perfusion bioreactor system where media flow is configured either parallel or transverse with respect to the scaffolds to investigate the impact of flow configuration on hMSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. The in vitro results showed that the interstitial flow in the transverse flow (TF) constructs reduced cell growth during the first week of culture but improved spatial cell distribution and early onset of osteogenic differentiation measured by alkaline phosphatase and expression of osteogenic genes. After 14 days of bioreactor culture, the TF constructs have comparable cell number but higher expression of bone markers genes and proteins compared to the parallel flow constructs. To evaluate ectopic bone formation, the HCG constructs seeded with hMSCs pre‐cultured under two flow configurations for 7 days were implanted in CD‐1 nude mice. While Masson's Trichrom staining revealed bone formation in both constructs, the TF constructs have improved spatial cell and osteoid distribution throughout the 2.0 mm constructs. The results highlight the divergent effects of media flow over the course of construct development and suggest that the flow configuration is an important parameter regulating the cellular events leading to bone construct formation in the HCG scaffolds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 2509–2520, 2015.
Effect of brivaracetam on CYP3A activity, measured by oral midazolam
Authors: Stockis Armel , Watanabe Shikiko , Scheen André J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBrivaracetam is a synaptic vesicle protein 2A ligand in phase III development for epilepsy. A phase I, open‐label, randomized study was conducted in 42 healthy male participants to assess the effect of brivaracetam on CYP3A activity using midazolam as a probe. Participants were randomized to oral brivaracetam 5, 50, or 150 mg/day from Day 8 to Day 14. A single oral dose (7.5 mg) of midazolam was administered on Days 1, 13, and 20, and full pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained. For all brivaracetam doses, the areas under the plasma concentration‐time curves from 0 to infinity (AUCinf) for midazolam and 1′‐hydroxymidazolam were similar on Days 13 and 20 compared with Day 1. Following brivaracetam 150 mg/day, the Day 13/Day 1 AUCinf ratio (90% confidence interval) was 1.09 (0.97, 1.21) and 1.04 (0.93, 1.17) for midazolam and 1′‐hydroxymidazolam, respectively. For the Day 20/Day 1 comparison, the corresponding AUCinf ratios were 1.10 (0.98, 1.23) and 1.07 (0.97, 1.18). Maximum midazolam plasma concentration was increased on both Day 13 and Day 20 vs. Day 1 but the relevance of this finding was unclear. This study indicates that brivaracetam up to 150 mg/day has no significant inducing or inhibiting effect on CYP3A activity.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor as a second neoplasm after Wilms tumor
Authors: Ortiz Michael V. , Rossi Christopher T. , Hill D. Ashley , Guzzetta Phillip C. , Qureshi Faisal , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe report two survivors of Wilms tumor (WT) who developed inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The first patient had IMT in the mainstem bronchus 1 year after WT therapy that included vincristine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin (VDA) and whole lung radiation therapy (XRT). The second patient had IMT in the cecum 7 years after WT therapy consisting of VDA and abdominal XRT. The unlikely co‐occurrence of WT and IMT suggests a genetic link between these tumors or that IMT can arise as a complication of cancer therapy. IMT should be considered in WT survivors who develop secondary tumors, especially at unusual sites. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1075–1077. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The quality of patient‐centred care: haematological cancer survivors' perceptions
Authors: Tzelepis Flora , Sanson‐Fisher Robert W. , Hall Alix E. , Carey Mariko L. , Paul Christine L. , Clinton‐McHarg Tara 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivePatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess the quality of patient‐centred cancer care have failed to measure all six patient‐centredness dimensions endorsed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM). This study is the first to use the Quality of Patient‐Centered Cancer Care (QPCCC) measure that covers all six IOM patient‐centredness dimensions to examine haematological cancer survivors' perceptions of care and characteristics associated with perceived quality of care.MethodsHaematological cancer survivors diagnosed in the last 6 years and aged 18–80 years were recruited from two Australian state population‐based cancer registries. Survivors were mailed the 48‐item QPCCC measure.ResultsOverall, 545 haematological cancer survivors completed the measure. Areas of care most commonly identified as delivered were hospital staff showing respect to survivors (93%) and making sure the correct treatment was received (93%). Aspects of care most frequently nominated as not delivered were hospital staff helping family and friends (34%) or the survivor (32%) to find other people with similar experiences to talk to. Characteristics associated with survivors perceiving higher quality care was delivered included being employed, having private health insurance, being younger, a Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis and more recent diagnosis. Being depressed or stressed was associated with perceived lower quality of care.ConclusionsProvision of peer support programs that allow haematological cancer survivors and families and friends to talk to others in similar situations could be improved. Using PROMs to identify areas where cancer survivors perceive improvements are needed is essential to quality improvement efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute Infrared Intensities and Atomic Polarizations of “Symmetric” (Dipole Moment free) Metal Carbonyls M(CO)6 (M = Cr, Mo, W), Fe(CO)5, M2(CO)10 (M = Mn, Re)
Authors: Melnikoff Alexander , Beck Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe absolute intensities of the C–O stretching, metal–carbon stretching, and metal–C–O bending vibrations of dipole moment free metal carbonyls were measured and compared with published data. The atomic polarizations for these compounds were calculated from the IR intensities. Atomic polarizations of Fe(CO)5 and of Mn2(CO)10 based on IR intensities compare well to those obtained from measurements of dielectric constants and refractive indices.
Use of Phagotrophic Microalga Ochromonas danica to Pretreat Waste Cooking Oil for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Hosseini Majid , Ju Lu‐Kwang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, the feasibility of pretreatment and/or upgrading of waste cooking oil (WCO) using the microalga Ochromonas danica was investigated. Two WCO samples with initial acid values (AV) of 10.7 mg KOH/g (~5.4 % FFA content) and 3.9 mg KOH/g (~2.0 % FFA content) were examined. The algal cells engulfed oil droplets and grew rapidly on both WCO samples. The cell growth rates on WCO were compared with the rates on olive oil, with or without surfactant addition to make the oil droplets smaller and easier for algal ingestion. Comparison was also made with the growth rate in a sugar‐based medium. More importantly, contacting the WCO with the phagotrophic O. danica cells was found to decrease the acid values of the remaining oil by 2.8 and 2.4 mg KOH/g WCO, respectively. The O. danica‐pretreated WCO, with lower acid values, are potentially better feedstock for biodiesel production.
Underwater drag reduction by gas
Authors: Wang Jiadao , Wang Bao , Chen Darong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPublications on underwater drag reduction by gas have been gathered in the present study. Experimental methods, results and conclusions from the publications have been discussed and analyzed. The stable existence of gas is a requirement for underwater drag reduction induced by slippage at the water-solid interface. A superhydrophobic surface can entrap gas in surface structures at the water-solid interface. However, many experimental results have exhibited that the entrapped gas can disappear, and the drag gradually increases until the loss of drag reduction with immersion time and underwater flow. Although some other surface structures were also experimented to hold the entrapped gas, from the analysis of thermodynamics and mechanics, it is difficult to prohibit the removal of entrapped gas in underwater surface structures. Therefore, it is essential to replenish a new gas supply for continued presence of gas at the interface for continued underwater drag reduction. Active gas supplement is an effective method for underwater drag reduction, however, that needs some specific equipment and additional energy to generate gas, which limits its practical application. Cavitation or supercavitation is a method for passive gas generation, but it is only adaptive to certain vehicles with high speed. Lately, even at low speed, the evaporation induced by liquid-gas-solid interface of a transverse microgrooved surface for continued gas supply has been discovered, which should be a promising method for practical application of underwater drag reduction by gas.
The Strength of a Loosely Defined Movement: Eugenics and Medicine in Imperial Russia
Authors: Krementsov Nikolai 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis essay examines the ‘infiltration’ of eugenics into Russian medical discourse during the formation of the eugenics movement in western Europe and North America in 1900–17. It describes the efforts of two Russian physicians, the bacteriologist and hygienist Nikolai Gamaleia (1859–1949) and the psychiatrist Tikhon Iudin (1879–1949), to introduce eugenics to the Russian medical community, analysing in detail what attracted these representatives of two different medical specialties to eugenic ideas, ideals, and policies advocated by their western colleagues. On the basis of a close examination of the similarities and differences in Gamaleia’s and Iudin’s attitudes to eugenics, the essay argues that lack of cohesiveness gave the early eugenics movement a unique strength. The loose mix of widely varying ideas, ideals, methods, policies, activities and proposals covered by the umbrella of eugenics offered to a variety of educated professionals in Russia and elsewhere the possibility of choosing, adopting and adapting particular elements to their own national, professional, institutional and disciplinary contexts, interests and agendas.
World Trade in Medicinal Plants from Spanish America, 1717–1815
Authors: Gänger Stefanie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article outlines the history of the commerce in medicinal plants and plant-based remedies from the Spanish American territories in the eighteenth century. It maps the routes used to transport the plants from Spanish America to Europe and, along the arteries of European commerce, colonialism and proselytism, into societies across the Americas, Asia and Africa. Inquiring into the causes of the global ‘spread’ of American remedies, it argues that medicinal plants like ipecacuanha, guaiacum, sarsaparilla, jalap root and cinchona moved with relative ease into Parisian medicine chests, Moroccan court pharmacies and Manila dispensaries alike, because of their ‘exotic’ charisma, the force of centuries-old medical habits, and the increasingly measurable effectiveness of many of these plants by the late eighteenth century. Ultimately and primarily, however, it was because the disease environments of these widely separated places, their medical systems and materia medica had long become entangled by the eighteenth century.
Getting it Right? Lessons from the Interwar Years on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Control in England and Wales
Authors: Bowden Sue , Sadler Alex 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper examines morbidity and mortality patterns in interwar England and Wales, using previously under-explored primary archival source materials. These materials help us understand not only what local authorities could and did do, but also the reasons for the marked variations in the ability of different authorities to manage the problem. We identify where and why there were problems and also how and why some authorities were more successful than others in dealing with the disease. Wealth was not an issue. We find acombinationof pro-active preventative measures was significant.
Response to habitat modification by foraging Dark-chanting Goshawks Melierax metabates in a West African savanna
Authors: BUIJ RALPH , VAN DORST NIKIE , SALOMONS HENRIËTTE F. , CROES BARBARA M. , DIETZ MAURINE W. , KOMDEUR JAN 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAnthropogenic habitat alteration has probably contributed significantly to the decrease of raptor populations in West African savannas. To evaluate the impact of habitat degradation on foraging by sedentary Afrotropical raptors, we investigated the differences in microhabitat selection, foraging effort and energy returns between Dark-chanting Goshawks Melierax metabates inhabiting natural and transformed savannas in Cameroon. We expected that the agro-ecosystems in the transformed savannas have become unprofitable for Dark-chanting Goshawks due to scarcity of food resources. In both savanna types we radio-tracked six mated, adult males during the non-breeding season and determined foraging effort, by time spent at each perch and distance covered between perches, and energy intake through estimation of the energy value of prey items. Goshawks in natural habitats had smaller home-ranges and exploited their range more intensively than Goshawks in transformed habitats. In both natural and transformed habitats, Goshawks selected foraging patches with comparatively tall trees, underlining their importance to foraging Goshawks. The extent of shrub and herbaceous layer cover, agriculture cover, and tree density were other important predictors of foraging patch use, but their importance differed between habitats. The extent of shrub, herbaceous layer and agriculture cover were positively associated with foraging patch use in transformed habitats, suggesting that cultivated fields and ground vegetation support important prey resources for Goshawks in agro-ecosystems. The composition of broad prey categories to the diet, foraging effort and returns were comparable between habitats. However, we found indications that the proportion of heavy-bodied lizard species among reptile prey items was higher in natural than transformed habitats, whereas on average smaller lizards were more commonly caught in the latter. Mean herbaceous layer height and tree density within home ranges, both higher in natural habitat, were negatively related to prey capture rates. Tree clearance and livestock grazing thus favored greater prey capture rates in transformed habitat, offsetting a lower meal energy value compared to natural habitat. We conclude that foraging Dark-chanting Goshawks may cope with moderate land transformation, but practices focused on conservation of tall trees and ground vegetation cover would be beneficial by maintaining important prey resources and their exploitability under growing land pressure.
Bond Strength and Bioactivity of Zn-Doped Dental Adhesives Promoted by Load Cycling
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Aguilera Fátima S. , Osorio Estrella , Cabello Inmaculada , Toledano-Osorio Manuel , Osorio Raquel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate if mechanical loading influences bioactivity and bond strength at the resin–dentin interface after bonding with Zn-doped etch-and-rinse adhesives. Dentin surfaces were subjected to demineralization by 37% phosphoric acid (PA) or 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Single bond (SB) adhesive—3M ESPE—SB+ZnO particles 20 wt% and SB+ZnCl22 wt% were applied on treated dentin to create the groups PA+SB, SB+ZnO, SB+ZnCl2, EDTA+SB, EDTA+ZnO, and EDTA+ZnCl2. Bonded interfaces were stored in simulated body fluid for 24 h and tested or submitted to mechanical loading. Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was assessed. Debonded dentin surfaces were studied by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Remineralization of the bonded interfaces was assessed by atomic force microscope imaging/nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy/cluster analysis, and Masson’s trichrome staining. Load cycling (LC) produced reduction in MTBS in all PA+SB, and no change was encountered in EDTA+SB specimens, regardless of zinc doping. LC increased the mineralization and crystallographic maturity at the interface; a higher effect was noticed when using ZnO. Trichrome staining reflected a narrow demineralized dentin matrix after loading of dentin surfaces that were treated with SB-doped adhesives. This correlates with an increase in mineral platforms or plate-like multilayered crystals in PA or EDTA-treated dentin surfaces, respectively.