bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond Association: How Employees Want to Participate in Their Firms' Corporate Social Performance
Authors: Hagenbuch David J. , Little Steven W. , Lucas Doyle J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough many studies have found a positive relationship between corporate social performance and employer attractiveness, few have examined how different forms of responsibility might mediate that attraction, particularly when those social practices afford different degrees of employee participation. The current study undertook this line of inquiry by examining prospective employees’ attraction to three common approaches to corporate social performance (CSP) that offer increasing levels of participation: donation, volunteerism, and operational integration. Unexpectedly, findings from an empirical investigation challenged the study's main hypothesis; that is, prospective employees were least attracted to firms that integrated their social and financial goals. Consequently, important implications and questions remain for both employers and business educators.
Pro‐environmental Behavior in the Workplace: A Review of Empirical Studies and Directions for Future Research
Authors: Inoue Yuhei , Alfaro‐Barrantes Priscila 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article describes the current state of knowledge on pro‐environmental behavior in the workplace by analyzing 17 empirical studies that (1) examined individuals' pro‐environmental behavior at work and (2) performed some type of quantitative analysis to explore antecedents of this behavior. Detailed descriptions of these studies are provided in terms of (1) types of pro‐environmental behavior examined, (2) measures of pro‐environmental behavior, (3) internal factors investigated, (4) external factors investigated, (5) samples examined, and (6) theoretical frameworks used. This article further provides researchers interested in this research topic with directions for future research. Using the information presented in this article, future business ethics studies can offer more comprehensive insight into one's decision to engage in various types of pro‐environmental behavior in the workplace and provide important implications for environmental protection.
Experiential online development for educators: The example of the Carpe Diem MOOC
Authors: Salmon Gilly , Gregory Janet , Lokuge Dona Kulari , Ross Bella 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on educators' experiences of a massive open online course (MOOC) focused on the Carpe Diem learning design process. The MOOC was developed in‐house using Blackboard CourseSites by a university innovation and development unit, Learning Transformations, at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia. We report on a study of MOOC participants' experiences. Conclusions include illumination of MOOCs' value as professional development opportunities that can provide an authentic relevant experience for educators, as well as promote new skills in learning design and delivery for their own teaching. We propose that participation in relevant MOOCs may provide appropriate professional development for academics, and additionally encourage them to develop their teaching practices.A video abstract of this article can be viewed at http://youtu.be/baI4Brc8nOY
Extending social networking into the secondary education sector
Authors: Kio Su Iong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSecondary schools do not have the same technical resources and capabilities as universities. They usually need to rely on ready‐to‐use tools to fulfill their information and communication technology (ICT) structure. Social networking site (SNS) has emerged as a practical solution to this need. However, few have collected empirical data on the application of SNS in a secondary school setting. This paper probes into the current condition of SNS usage among secondary school students using a sample of 851 students in Macau, a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China. Data in terms of access, profile and activities are collected. The activities on SNSs are analyzed by regression techniques to produce a prediction model relating perceived academic benefit and SNS activities. The model yields a strong positive relationship between that benefit and activities such as raising questions and engaging in study‐related discussions. The model also yields a weak dependency on activities such as searching for information and entertainment. The paper also evaluates the actual academic utilization of a Facebook Group for one class of secondary school students for a period of one year. At the end of the year, various opinion parameters are measured, and improvements are observed in most parameters.
Enhancement motives moderate the relationship between high‐arousal positive moods and drinking quantity: Evidence from a 22‐day experience sampling study
Authors: Gautreau Chantal , Sherry Simon , Battista Susan , Goldstein Abby , Stewart Sherry 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIndividuals who consume alcohol may be distinguished by their drinking motives. Enhancement motives involve drinking to enhance positive moods. Research on the moderating effect of enhancement motives on the within‐person relation between daily positive mood and drinking has not differentiated between high‐ (e.g. hyper) and low‐arousal (e.g. cheerful) positive moods. The present study addressed this limitation. We hypothesised that enhancement motives would positively moderate the relationship between mid‐afternoon high‐arousal positive mood and evening drinking.Design and MethodsUsing a palm pilot‐based experience sampling design, 143 undergraduate drinkers answered daily surveys assessing positive mood (mid‐afternoon) and drinks (evening) for 22 consecutive days.ResultsAs hypothesised, enhancement motives strengthened the relation between high‐arousal positive moods and drinking. Upon closer examination, the mood‐drinking slope for those high in enhancement motives was unexpectedly flat, whereas the mood‐drinking slope for those low in enhancement motives was negative.Discussion and ConclusionsWe demonstrated that high enhancement‐motivated drinkers exhibit a high, stable drinking level, regardless of the intensity of their high‐arousal positive mood. In contrast, low enhancement‐motivated drinkers decrease their drinking when in a high‐arousal positive mood state. Clinicians may be able to help reduce heavy alcohol consumption in enhancement‐motivated drinkers by teaching them to reduce their drinking when in a high‐arousal positive mood state. [Gautreau C, Sherry S, Battista S, Goldstein A, Stewart S. Enhancement motives moderate the relationship between high‐arousal positive moods and drinking quantity: Evidence from a 22‐day experience sampling study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015;34:595–602]
Algal Turbidity Reduces Risk Assessment Ability of the Three‐Spined Stickleback
Authors: Sohel Shakwat , Lindström Kai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent anthropogenic increases in algal turbidity in aquatic habitats have been suggested to affect the ability of fish to assess predation risk. We investigated the response of feeding three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) exposed to a sudden appearance of an avian predator (the silhouette of common tern,Sterna hirundo), under clear and turbid water conditions. As stickleback use social cues to aid in predator avoidance, we also tested whether turbidity affected social information use by manipulating group size. We found that in turbid water, a smaller proportion of fish would escape from the feeding area, that the distance escaped was shorter and that a smaller proportion of fish fled into shelter. Larger group size was associated with longer escape distance and greater shelter use. However, there was no effect of group size on the proportion of fish that escaped the arena. The effect of group size was similar for turbid and clear water. Our finding that the fish showed a weaker antipredator response suggests that turbidity impedes their risk assessment capability. However, the sticklebacks were still able to benefit of the social facilitation provided by being in a group. This suggests that algal turbidity has detrimental effects on the ability of sticklebacks to assess predation risk from avian predators in shallow water. An implication is that in shallow water fish may be more vulnerable to avian predation under turbid conditions.
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of healthy paediatric ankles and knees: a baseline for comparison with haemophilic joints
Authors: Keshava S. N. , Gibikote S. V. , Mohanta A. , Poonnoose P. , Rayner T. , Hilliard P. , Lakshmi K. M. , Moineddin R. , Ignas D. , Srivastava A. , Blanchette V. , Doria A. S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe study was undertaken to document cartilage and soft tissue changes/findings in ankles and knees of normal children of different age groups to be used for comparison in the assessment of children with haemophilia. Cartilage thickness and soft tissue changes were recorded at predetermined sites of ankles/knees on both US and MRI in healthy boys in three age groups: 7–9; 10–14; and 15–18 years. To assess the validity of the ultrasound and MRI measurements, an ex vivo study was done using agar phantoms with techniques and scanners similar to those applied in vivo. Twenty (48%) knees and 22 (52%) ankles of 42 boys, were evaluated. There was a reduction in the thickness of joint cartilage with age. A difference in cartilage measurements was noted in most sites between the age groups on both US and MRI (P < 0.05 each), but such difference was not noted for joint fluid in ankles or knees (P = 0.20, P = 0.68 or P = 0.75, P = 0.63 for US, MRI, respectively). Although cartilage measurements were smaller on US than on MRI for both ankles and knees (P < 0.05 each), this observation was not recorded for fluid in knees (P = 0.02). For diminutive measurements (2 mm) mean US measurements were smaller than corresponding phantom's measurements, P = 0.02. Age‐related measurements were noted for cartilage thickness on US and MRI in ankles and knees. US measurements were smaller than corresponding MRI measurements at most joint sites, which were supported by results on small‐diameter phantoms.
Sustainable dairy cattle selection in the genomic era
Authors: Boichard D. , Ducrocq V. , Fritz S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryGenomic selection offers considerable flexibility to increase genetic trends in dairy cattle breeding. It is also an opportunity for more sustainable breeding, in terms of breeding goal and genetic variability. With a shorter generation interval, there is a big risk of increasing inbreeding if semen dissemination policy of elite bulls is not changed. However, using a large number of young bulls as service bulls and bull sires is a solution for both maximizing genetic trend while reducing inbreeding trend. Female genotyping is a key challenge for within‐herd selection but, more importantly, for selection of new traits and for replacement of current reference populations based upon progeny‐tested bulls. Genomic selection also opens new avenues for more customized breeding across herds or production systems. A big challenge is to reduce the dependency of genomic predictions on relationship between candidates and the reference population. A strong effort is presently dedicated to integrating genome sequence information into predictions, to improve their accuracy and persistency. In the longer term, further customization of selection will be possible by accounting for G × E interactions. Important developments are also necessary to decrease loss of favourable alleles through genetic drift.
Safety, efficacy, and early clinical experience of insulin degludec in Japanese people with diabetes mellitus: A first‐year report from Japan
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Eid Mohamed A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn Japan, insulin therapy is recommended for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus either directly after diet, exercise and lifestyle improvements, or if the target for glycemic control is not achieved with other hypoglycemic agents. Insulin degludec is an ultra‐long‐acting insulin that was launched in Japan in 2013, having shown good efficacy and safety in its clinical development program. It has now been used in clinical practice for more than 1 year. During this time, clinicians and researchers have identified possible factors that could influence the decision as to which patients might be appropriate for insulin degludec treatment. In the present review, we describe how to initiate and manage insulin degludec therapy in routine clinical practice. We also discuss several important topics related to the use of insulin degludec, including patient selection, dosing, handling of bolus insulin, hypoglycemia and other potential safety considerations.
Predicting Mortality in Older Adults with Kidney Disease: A Pragmatic Prediction Model
Authors: Weiss Jessica W. , Platt Robert W. , Thorp Micah L. , Yang Xiuhai , Smith David H. , Petrik Amanda , Eckstrom Elizabeth , Morris Cynthia , O'Hare Ann M. , Johnson Eric S. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesTo develop mortality risk prediction models for older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) that include comorbidities and measures of health status and use not associated with particular comorbid conditions (nondisease‐specific measures).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKaiser Permanente Northwest (KPNW) Health Maintenance Organization.ParticipantsIndividuals with severe CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2; N = 4,054; n = 1,915 aged 65–79, n = 2,139 aged ≥80) who received care at KPNW between 2000 and 2008.MeasurementsCox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the association between selected participant characteristics and all‐cause mortality and to generate age group–specific risk prediction models. Predicted and observed risks were evaluated according to quintile. Predictors from the Cox models were translated into a points‐based system. Internal validation was used to provide best estimates of how these models might perform in an external population.ResultsThe risk prediction models used 16 characteristics to identify participants with the highest risk of mortality at 2 years for adults aged 65 to 79 and 80 and older. Predicted and observed risks agreed within 5% for each quintile; a 4 to 5 times difference in 2‐year predicted mortality risk was observed between the highest and lowest quintiles. The c‐statistics for each model (0.68–0.69) indicated effective discrimination without evidence of significant overfit (slope shrinkage 0.06–0.09). Models for each age group performed similarly for mortality prediction at 6 months and 2 years in terms of discrimination and calibration.ConclusionWhen validated, these risk prediction models may be helpful in supporting discussions about prognosis and treatment decisions sensitive to prognosis in older adults with CKD in real‐world clinical settings.
Micro‐trichome as a class I homeodomain‐leucine zipper gene regulates multicellular trichome development in Cucumis sativus
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Long , Pan Jun‐Song , Guan Yuan , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Bie Bei‐Bei , Wang Yun‐Li , He Huan‐Le , Lian Hong‐Li , Cai Run 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlant trichomes serve as a highly suitable model for investigating cell differentiation at the single‐cell level. The regulatory genes involved in unicellular trichome development in Arabidopsis thaliana have been intensively studied, but genes regulating multicellular trichome development in plants remain unclear. Here, we characterized Cucumis sativus (cucumber) trichomes as representative multicellular and unbranched structures, and identified Micro‐trichome (Mict), using map‐based cloning in an F2 segregating population of 7,936 individuals generated from a spontaneous mict mutant. In mict plants, trichomes in both leaves and fruits, are small, poorly developed, and denser than in the wild type. Sequence analysis revealed that a 2,649‐bp genomic deletion, spanning the first and second exons, occurred in a plant‐specific class I homeodomain‐leucine zipper gene. Tissue‐specific expression analysis indicated that Mict is strongly expressed in the trichome cells. Transcriptome profiling identified potential targets of Mict including putative homologs of genes known in other systems to regulate trichome development, meristem determinacy, and hormone responsiveness. Phylogenic analysis charted the relationships among putative homologs in angiosperms. Our paper represents initial steps toward understanding the development of multicellular trichomes.
Ectopic lignification in primary cellulose‐deficient cell walls of maize cell suspension cultures
Authors: Mélida Hugo , Largo‐Gosens Asier , Novo‐Uzal Esther , Santiago Rogelio , Pomar Federico , García Pedro , García‐Angulo Penélope , Acebes José Luis , Álvarez Jesús , Encina Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMaize (Zea mays L.) suspension‐cultured cells with up to 70% less cellulose were obtained by stepwise habituation to dichlobenil (DCB), a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor. Cellulose deficiency was accompanied by marked changes in cell wall matrix polysaccharides and phenolics as revealed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Cell wall compositional analysis indicated that the cellulose‐deficient cell walls showed an enhancement of highly branched and cross‐linked arabinoxylans, as well as an increased content in ferulic acid, diferulates and p‐coumaric acid, and the presence of a polymer that stained positive for phloroglucinol. In accordance with this, cellulose‐deficient cell walls showed a fivefold increase in Klason‐type lignin. Thioacidolysis/GC‐MS analysis of cellulose‐deficient cell walls indicated the presence of a lignin‐like polymer with a Syringyl/Guaiacyl ratio of 1.45, which differed from the sensu stricto stress‐related lignin that arose in response to short‐term DCB‐treatments. Gene expression analysis of these cells indicated an overexpression of genes specific for the biosynthesis of monolignol units of lignin. A study of stress signaling pathways revealed an overexpression of some of the jasmonate signaling pathway genes, which might trigger ectopic lignification in response to cell wall integrity disruptions. In summary, the structural plasticity of primary cell walls is proven, since a lignification process is possible in response to cellulose impoverishment.
Cellulose structure and lignin distribution in normal and compression wood of the Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.)
Authors: Andersson Seppo , Wang Yurong , Pönni Raili , Hänninen Tuomas , Mononen Marko , Ren Haiqing , Serimaa Ritva , Saranpää Pekka 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe studied in detail the mean microfibril angle and the width of cellulose crystals from the pith to the bark of a 15‐year‐old Maidenhair tree (Ginkgo biloba L.). The orientation of cellulose microfibrils with respect to the cell axis and the width and length of cellulose crystallites were determined using X‐ray diffraction. Raman microscopy was used to compare the lignin distribution in the cell wall of normal/opposite and compression wood, which was found near the pith. Ginkgo biloba showed a relatively large mean microfibril angle, varying between 19° and 39° in the S2 layer, and the average width of cellulose crystallites was 3.1–3.2 nm. Mild compression wood without any intercellular spaces or helical cavities was observed near the pith. Slit‐like bordered pit openings and a heavily lignified S2L layer confirmed the presence of compression wood. Ginkgo biloba showed typical features present in the juvenile wood of conifers. The microfibril angle remained large over the 14 annual rings. The entire stem disc, with a diameter of 18 cm, was considered to consist of juvenile wood. The properties of juvenile and compression wood as well as the cellulose orientation and crystalline width indicate that the wood formation of G. biloba is similar to that of modern conifers.
Loss‐of‐function mutation of rice SLAC7 decreases chloroplast stability and induces a photoprotection mechanism in rice
Authors: Fan Xiaolei , Wu Jiemin , Chen Taiyu , Tie Weiwei , Chen Hao , Zhou Fei , Lin Yongjun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPlants absorb sunlight to power the photochemical reactions of photosynthesis, which can potentially damage the photosynthetic machinery. However, the mechanism that protects chloroplasts from the damage remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrated that rice (Oryza sativa L.) SLAC7 is a generally expressed membrane protein. Loss‐of‐function of SLAC7 caused continuous damage to the chloroplasts of mutant leaves under normal light conditions. Ion leakage indicators related to leaf damage such as H2O2 and abscisic acid levels were significantly higher in slac7‐1 than in the wild type. Consistently, the photosynthesis efficiency and Fv/Fm ratio of slac7‐1 were significantly decreased (similar to photoinhibition). In response to chloroplast damage, slac7‐1 altered its leaf morphology (curled or fused leaf) by the synergy between plant hormones and transcriptional factors to decrease the absorption of light, suggesting that a photoprotection mechanism for chloroplast damage was activated in slac7‐1. When grown in dark conditions, slac7‐1 displayed a normal phenotype. SLAC7 under the control of the AtSLAC1 promoter could partially complement the phenotypes of Arabidopsis slac1 mutants, indicating a partial conservation of SLAC protein functions. These results suggest that SLAC7 is essential for maintaining the chloroplast stability in rice.