bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic versatility of nanoparticles: A new, rapid, one-pot, single-step synthetic approach to spherical mesoporous (metal) oxide nanoparticles using supercritical alcohols
Authors: Wang Pengyu , Kobiro Kazuya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA simple, rapid (10 min), one-pot, single-step method for the preparation of solid and hollow spherical porous TiO2 nanoparticles with large surface areas (100–211 m2/g) was developed in supercritical alcohols using carboxylic acids as organic additives. The shell thickness of the hollow TiO2 nanoparticles (20–280 nm) was controlled by adjusting the heating rate (2.0–10.0 °C/min). The preparation of different spherical porous metal oxide nanoparticles, including CeO2, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, and ZnO, demonstrated the versatility of the synthetic approach. In addition, several rare earth-doped spherical mesoporous metal oxide nanoparticles, including CeO2:Er, CeO2:Er,Yb, ZrO2:Er, and TiO2:Er, which exhibit energy upconversion emission, were successfully prepared using this one-pot, single-step, supercritical methanol method. The obtained spherical mesoporous CeO2:Er and CeO2:Er,Yb nanoparticles emit green light upon excitation, even when irradiated with a low-power IR laser (980 nm, 10 mW) without calcination. Several other (metal) elements were also easily doped into spherical, mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles, such as Eu, Ce, Yb, Fe, and N, using a similar procedure. Furthermore, the spherical mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully applied as a new material for the transport of DNA via biolistic bombardment.
Typology of relative clauses: the case of Berber
Authors: Galand Lionel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A relative clause is subordinate to a nominal element (noun or pronoun) called ``antecedent'', in order to define or complete its meaning. Therefore any language making use of relative clauses must: 1) make clear that the relative clause is indeed subordinate; 2) show which type of relation exists between the relative clause and the antecedent, i.e. what would be the grammatical function of the antecedent, should the clause be independent and include it. The different ways of answering that double constraint provide criteria for a typological classification of relative clauses. The article describes the choices made by a few Berber languages.
Focalization process and intonation in Meridional Berber: the case of Tamasheq and Tetserret
Authors: Lux Cécile 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The best-known information structures, focus and topic have already been described for almost all Berber languages. However, intonation in these structures is seldom described in spite of its essential part. In this paper, my aim is to describe the focalization process, focusing on intonation, in Tamasheq, as compared with Tetserret; indeed, the two languages, even if they share some similarities because of they are in constant contact and belong to the same phylum, follow different intonative rules in most occurrences. We will see that, in those two languages, the focalization process is rich, even from a typological point of view, and that, here again, intonation is different from one language to another.
The Role of Clustering in the Liquid-Vapor Transition of Mercury
Authors: Hensel Friedrich , Jortner Joshua 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The paper attempts to analyze the implications for the liquid-vapor
transition of the recent finding of the coexistence of metallic- and
non-metallic domains in liquid mercury. In particular, it is shown
that liquid mercury forms a “pseudo-binary” mixture, for which the
liquid-vapor two phase region in the pressure-temperature plane is no
longer a single line but a two dimensional domain.
On equivalence of pairs of matrices, which determinants are primes powers, over quadratic Euclidean rings
Authors: Ladzoryshyn N.B. 
Published: April 2014

We establish that a pair of matrices, which determinants are primes powers, can be reduced over quadratic Euclidean ring $\mathbb{K}=\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{k}]$ to their triangular forms with invariant factors on a main diagonal by using the common transformation of rows over a ring of rational integers $\mathbb{Z}$ and separate transformations of columns over a quadratic ring $\mathbb{K}$.
On extended stochastic integrals with respect to Lévy processes
Authors: Kachanovsky N.A. 
Published: April 2014

Let $L$ be a Levy process on $[0,+\infty)$. In particular cases, when $L$ is a Wiener or Poisson process, any square integrable random variable can be decomposed in a series of repeated stochastic integrals from nonrandom functions with respect to $L$. This property of $L$, known as the chaotic representation property (CRP), plays a very important role in the stochastic analysis. Unfortunately, for a general Levy process the CRP does not hold.
There are different generalizations of the CRP for Levy processes. In particular, under the Ito's approach one decomposes a Levy process $L$ in the sum of a Gaussian process and a stochastic integral with respect to a Poisson random measure, and then uses the CRP for both terms in order to obtain a generalized CRP for $L$. The Nualart-Schoutens's approach consists in decomposition of a square integrable random variable in a series of repeated stochastic integrals from nonrandom functions with respect to so-called orthogonalized centered power jump processes, these processes are constructed with using of a cadlag version of $L$. The Lytvynov's approach is based on orthogonalization of continuous monomials in the space of square integrable random variables.
In this paper we construct the extended stochastic integral with respect to a Levy process and the Hida stochastic derivative in terms of the Lytvynov's generalization of the CRP; establish some properties of these operators; and, what is most important, show that the extended stochastic integrals, constructed with use of the above-mentioned generalizations of the CRP, coincide.
Freezing Tolerance‐Associated Quantitative Trait Loci in the Brundage × Coda Wheat Recombinant Inbred Line Population
Authors: Case Austin J. , Skinner Daniel Z. , Garland‐Campbell Kimberly A. , Carter Arron H. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTFreezing tolerance is an essential trait for winter wheat cultivars. A genetic analysis of a Brundage × Coda winter wheat recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population was undertaken to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with freezing tolerance. Five‐week to 6‐wk old, cold‐acclimated plants were frozen to –10.5, –11.5, or –12.5°C. The standardized mean percentage survival of all RILs within each temperature was 61, 44, and 28%, respectively. A total of 2391 polymorphic DNA markers including 1984 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), 232 Diversity Array Technology (DArT), and 175 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to create a genome‐wide genetic linkage map. The QTL analysis identified six QTL that were associated with freezing tolerance at either a specific temperature or a combination of temperatures. The QTL QFrbr.wak‐5A was associated with freezing tolerance at all temperatures tested and was on chromosome 5AL. Further marker analysis indicates that this QTL is not an effect of known sequence polymorphisms at Vrn‐A1. On the basis of map homology, QFrbr.wak‐5A mapped at or near the CBF (cold binding factor) gene cluster at Fr‐A2, but not an effect of TaCBF‐A15, TaCBF‐A14, or TaCBF‐A12. Other QTL were located on chromosomes 2A, 3A, 5B, and 6D, and were significant at only specific temperatures. Identification of QTL associated with freezing tolerance may lead to useful genetic markers for marker‐assisted selection, allowing for more efficient development of freezing tolerant cultivars. Additional studies of this QTL will further enhance knowledge of cold tolerance in wheat, as this QTL is not due to known sequence variation at Vrn‐A1 or tested CBF genes.
Predictable Casting for Dimensional Shrinkage of Fast-cast Post-and-cores
Authors: Hansen PA 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARY

Statement of problem
Prior investigations into dimensional shrinkage of fast-cast post-and-cores resulted in variable dimensions. There is a need for consistent shrinkage of cast post-and-cores to reduce or eliminate lateral stresses on the remaining tooth structure.

Purpose
The purpose of this research was to find a method of casting post-and-cores that would result in consistent shrinkage.

Material and Methods
A total of 45 methyl methacrylate post-and-core patterns, 10 mm long, were fabricated from a standardized steel block. Three methods were used to cast the post-and-core. Investment materials used were Fast Fire 15 (Whip Mix Corp, Louisville, KY, USA) and Beauty Cast gypsum (Whip Mix Corp). Three groups of sample post and core patterns were cast, varying the investment material used and the burnout time.

Results
Results show a statistical significance between the investment materials (p&lt;0.05). The accelerated technique produced the most consistent results, and all samples had shrinkage of the casting.

Conclusions
The use of a phosphate investment with an accelerated technique can produce consistent and predictable shrinkage of cast post-and-cores.
Ptychographic Fresnel coherent diffraction tomography at the nanoscale
Authors: Phillips Nicholas W. , Putkunz Corey T. , Van Riessen Grant , Coughlan Hannah D. , Jones Michael W. M. , Abbey Brian 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The spatial resolution of diffractive imaging techniques depends upon the numerical aperture of the detected scatter rather than any image forming optics. Fresnel coherent diffractive imaging has been developed over the past decade as a means for examining regions of interest within continuous samples and for overcoming many of the stagnation issues traditionally associated with coherent diffractive imaging. Ptychography meanwhile has been developed independently as a method of reconstructing the transmission function of extended objects from diffraction data recorded using a sequence of multiple overlapping probes on the sample. The relatively recent combination of these two methods has been found to provide substantial benefits over either of the two techniques when applied separately. The experimental requirements and basic principles of ptychographic Fresnel diffraction tomography are reviewed in this paper.
Heterogeneous Functional Effects of Concomitant B Cell Receptor and TLR Stimulation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with Mutated versus Unmutated Ig Genes
Authors: Chatzouli Maria , Ntoufa Stavroula , Papakonstantinou Nikos , Chartomatsidou Elisavet , Anagnostopoulos Achilles , Kollia Panagoula , Ghia Paolo , Muzio Marta , Stamatopoulos Kostas , Belessi Chrysoula 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We recently reported that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) subgroups with distinct clonotypic BCRs present discrete patterns of TLR expression, function, and/or tolerance. In this study, to explore whether specific types of BCR/TLR collaboration exist in CLL, we studied the effect of single versus concomitant BCR and/or TLR stimulation on CLL cells from mutated (M-CLL) and unmutated CLL (U-CLL) cases. We stimulated negatively isolated CLL cells by using anti-IgM, imiquimod, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for BCR, TLR7, and TLR9, respectively, alone or in combination for different time points. After in vitro culture in the absence of stimulation, differences in p-ERK were identified at any time point, with higher p-ERK levels in U-CLL versus M-CLL. Pronounced p-ERK induction was seen by single stimulation in U-CLL, whereas BCR/TLR synergism was required in M-CLL, in which the effect was overall limited in scale. An opposite pattern was observed regarding induction of apoptosis, as studied by Western blotting for the cleaved fragment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and the active isoform of caspase-8, with M-CLL responding even to single stimulation, contrasting with U-CLL that showed minimal response. Our findings suggest that concomitant engagement of BCR and TLR leads to differential responses in CLL depending on the mutational status of the BCR. Differential intensity and duration of responses in M-CLL versus U-CLL indicates that the differences in signal transduction between the two subgroups may be primarily quantitative rather than qualitative.
Identification of Multiple Public TCR Repertoires in Chronic Beryllium Disease
Authors: Bowerman Natalie A. , Falta Michael T. , Mack Douglas G. , Wehrmann Fabian , Crawford Frances , Mroz Margaret M. , Maier Lisa A. , Kappler John W. , Fontenot Andrew P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a granulomatous lung disease characterized by the accumulation of beryllium (Be)-specific CD4+ T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage. These expanded CD4+ T cells are composed of oligoclonal T cell subsets, suggesting their recruitment to the lung in response to conventional Ag. In the current study, we noted that all bronchoalveolar lavage–derived T cell lines from HLA-DP2–expressing CBD patients contained an expansion of Be-responsive Vβ5.1+ CD4+ T cells. Using Be-loaded HLA-DP2–peptide tetramers, the majority of tetramer-binding T cells also expressed Vβ5.1 with a highly conserved CDR3β motif. Interestingly, Be-specific, Vβ5.1-expressing CD4+ T cells displayed differential HLA-DP2–peptide tetramer staining intensity, and sequence analysis of the distinct tetramer-binding subsets showed that the two populations differed by a single conserved amino acid in the CDR3β motif. TCR Vα-chain analysis of purified Vβ5.1+ CD4+ T cells based on differential tetramer-binding intensity showed differing TCR Vα-chain pairing requirements, with the high-affinity population having promiscuous Vα-chain pairing and the low-affinity subset requiring restricted Vα-chain usage. Importantly, disease severity, as measured by loss of lung function, was inversely correlated with the frequency of tetramer-binding CD4+ T cells in the lung. Our findings suggest the presence of a dominant Be-specific, Vβ5.1-expressing public T cell repertoire in the lungs of HLA-DP2–expressing CBD patients using promiscuous Vα-chain pairing to recognize an identical HLA-DP2-peptide/Be complex. Importantly, the inverse relationship between expansion of CD4+ T cells expressing these public TCRs and disease severity suggests a pathogenic role for these T cells in CBD.
Lower Bispectral index values in psychiatric patients: A prospective, observational study
Authors: Ramesh Venkatapura , Radhakrishnan Muthu , Thimmaiah Rohini , Muralidharan Kesavan , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Umamaheshwara Rao Ganne , Gangadhar Bangalore 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Bispectral index score (BIS) is a processed electroencephalographic parameter used to measure level of sedation in anaesthetised patients. In few studies of psychiatric patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), it was observed that the BIS values were lower at baseline. It is not clear from those studies whether the BIS values are really low. Also, it is not clear whether the lower values are related to the primary psychiatric illness or the due to the effect of ECT. Therefore, we studied the BIS values in psychiatric illnesses and compared them with the normal controls. Materials and Methods: BIS index was recorded in 237 patients with various psychiatric illness (Group P) and 40 control patients without any psychiatric illness undergoing spinal surgery (Group C). BIS values were recorded in supine position before breakfast and before the morning doses of antipsychotic/benzodiazepine medications. It was recorded during resting state in all the subjects. Results: BIS values were lower in group P compared to control group (a mean of 89.8 ± 7.8 vs 95.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.0001). In the group P, the patients with psychosis and bipolar disorder had significantly lower BIS values than the patients with depression ( P= 0.04). Conclusions: BIS values in psychiatric patients are lower than those in the control group. Psychotic and bipolar disorders are associated with significantly lower BIS values than the depression.
Risk Factors for Thrombosis in an African Population
Authors: Fall Awa O.T. , Proulle Valérie , Sail Abibatou , Mbaye Alassane , Ba Pape Samba , Diao Maboury , Seck Moussa , Gadji Macoura , Gning Sara B. , Diop Saliou , Dièye Tandakha N.D. , Faye Blaise Félix , Thiam Doudou , Dreyfus Marie 
Published: April 2014

Little is known about the biological, epidemiological, and clinical risk factors for thrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE) among Black Africans. We undertook a study of the prevalence of VTE risk factors for thrombosis in a Senegalese population. A three-year cross-sectional and case-control study involving 105 cases and 200 controls was conducted in various hospitals in Dakar (Senegal). Our results demonstrate that oral contraception, immobilization by casts, surgery, and blood group were significantly associated with VTE occurrence. Additionally, 16 cases and 2 controls had protein S (PS) values of less than 48.4% (M-2SD), exhibiting a highly significant difference ( P < 1 x 10−4). The number of cases with a low protein C (PC) level was significantly higher than the respective number of controls. Using logistic regression methods, we established a correlation between significantly associated variables and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) occurrence. Age, obesity, sickle cell disease, and PC deficiency were not significantly associated with thrombosis. In contrast, gender, PS deficiency, varicose veins, surgery, non-O blood type, and the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies were significantly and independently associated with DVT. These findings are extremely useful for clinical management of patients suffering from DVT and can help to reduce the high recurrence rate observed in our study.
Increased affective influence: Situational complexity or deliberation time?
Authors: KOSNES LIV , POTHOS EMMANUEL M. , TAPPER KATY 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The affect infusion model (AIM) is a prominent theory of when current emotional state is expected to influence the interpretation of a social stimulus (situation). We discuss the assumptions in AIM and conclude that its current specification predicts that both deliberation time and situational complexity should lead to affect infusion. The aim of this research was to clarify the relative importance of these factors in determining affect infusion and hence promote the development of AIM. We present an experimental design in which situational complexity and deliberation time can be manipulated orthogonally as independent factors. Our results show that the latter factor, but not the former, can influence the degree of affect infusion.
Application of the Implicit Association Test to a Study on Deception
Authors: FROST PETER , ADIE MICHAEL , DENOMME ROLAND , LAHAIE ANNABEL , SIBLEY ANGELA , SMITH EMILY 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to find out whether the standard Implicit Association Test (IAT) could be used to distinguish truthful and deceitful witnesses. We anticipated that IAT effects would be greater after lying. Participants were asked to answer questions with incorrect answers (i.e., the lie condition) or correct answers (i.e., the truthful condition). A third group of participants were not interviewed (a control group). Participants then took the IAT, in which they were asked to associate correct and incorrect answers with positive or negative attributes. Results demonstrate that standard IAT effects are greater after lying than after truth telling, but only when attribute labels were clearly and explicitly linked to positive and negative affect. Theoretical implications are considered.
Translating cognitive neuroscience to the driver’s operational environment: A neuroergonomic approach
Authors: LEES MONICA N. , COSMAN JOSHUA D. , LEE JOHN D. , FRICKE NICOLA , RIZZO MATTHEW 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Neuroergonomics provides a multidisciplinary translational approach that merges elements of neuroscience, human factors, cognitive psychology, and ergonomics to study brain structure and function in everyday environments. Driving safety, particularly that of older drivers with cognitive impairments, is a fruitful application domain for neuroergonomics. Driving makes demands on multiple cognitive processes that are often studied in isolation and so presents a useful challenge in generalizing findings from controlled laboratory tasks to predict safety outcomes. Neurology and the cognitive sciences help explain the mechanisms of cognitive breakdowns that undermine driving safety. Ergonomics complements this explanation with the tools for systematically exploring the various layers of complexity that define the activity of driving. A variety of tools, such as part task simulators, driving simulators, and instrumented vehicles, provide a window into cognition in the natural settings needed to assess the generalizability of laboratory findings and can provide an array of potential interventions to increase driving safety.
L’archidiocèse catholique d’Ottawa et sa francophonie : portrait statistique, comparaison et analyse sociohistorique (1968-2008)
Authors: Meunier E.-Martin , Nault Jean-François 
Published: April 2014

Cet article cherche à mieux comprendre la spécificité de la catholicité francophone de l’archidiocèse d’Ottawa à travers l’examen de données statistiques inédites portant sur les pratiques et l’appartenance catholique de l’archidiocèse (1968-2008). À partir de données et de résultats d’une recherche plus large sur le catholicisme au Québec et au Canada et de données statistiques canadiennes inédites à l’échelle diocésaine, cet article contribue à une meilleure compréhension des dynamiques propres qui traversent la catholicité francophone de l’Ontario, et surtout d’Ottawa, en examinant l’évolution de divers indicateurs touchant le catholicisme et les francophones de l’archidiocèse. Naviguant entre deux structures distinctes, soit une à dominance francophone et une à dominance plutôt anglophone / allophone, le catholicisme de l’archidiocèse d’Ottawa est ici exploré dans toute son originalité au sein du contexte ontarien. De plus, diverses variables sociodémographiques sont utilisées afin de comprendre les particularités du catholicisme en contexte ottavien.
An MHD simulation study of the dynamics of the 8–9 March 2008 CIR‐/HSS‐driven geomagnetic storm
Authors: Peroomian Vahé , Garg Shobhit , El‐Alaoui Mostafa 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe have carried out a global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation of a geomagnetic storm initiated by a corotating interaction region followed by a high‐speed solar wind (HSS) stream that occurred on 8–9 March 2008. The event began with the arrival of a corotating interaction region (CIR) at ~0720 UT on 8 March. The stream interface arrived at Earth at ~1830 UT on 8 March, and the arrival of a second density enhancement (a second CIR) at ~0140 UT on 9 March resulted in the main phase of the storm, with a peak Dst of −97 nT at 0600 UT on 9 March. Our MHD simulation of the event, spanning the interval of 0400 UT on 8 March to 0800 UT on 9 March, shows that the arrival of the first CIR changes the configuration of the magnetotail, and that after a strong substorm at ~1230 UT on 8 March, the tail evolves into a churning state in which the magnetic topology and flow structure of the magnetotail are never steady. In addition, we find that increases in ring current energy density show a nearly one‐to‐one correspondence to periods of VxBz > 0 (southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF)). More importantly, we find that the ring current energy density in the MHD simulation shows a nearly linear response to increases in solar wind dynamic pressure, but only for the northward IMF intervals during the initial phase of the event, from 0400 UT to 1800 UT on 8 March.