bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In VivoDetermination of Direct Targets of the Nonsense-Mediated Decay Pathway inDrosophila
Authors: Chapin Alex , Hu Hao , Rynearson Shawn G , Hollien Julie , Yandell Mark , Metzstein Mark M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNonsense-mediated messenger RNA (mRNA) decay (NMD) is a mRNA degradation pathway that regulates a significant portion of the transcriptome. The expression levels of numerous genes are known to be altered in NMD mutants, but it is not known which of these transcripts is a direct pathway target. Here, we present the first genome-wide analysis of direct NMD targeting in an intact animal. By using rapid reactivation of the NMD pathway in a Drosophila melanogaster NMD mutant and globally monitoring of changes in mRNA expression levels, we can distinguish between primary and secondary effects of NMD on gene expression. Using this procedure, we identified 168 candidate direct NMD targets in vivo. Remarkably, we found that 81% of direct target genes do not show increased expression levels in an NMD mutant, presumably due to feedback regulation. Because most previous studies have used up-regulation of mRNA expression as the only means to identify NMD-regulated transcripts, our results provide new directions for understanding the roles of the NMD pathway in endogenous gene regulation during animal development and physiology. For instance, we show clearly that direct target genes have longer 3′ untranslated regions compared with nontargets, suggesting long 3′ untranslated regions target mRNAs for NMD in vivo. In addition, we investigated the role of NMD in suppressing transcriptional noise and found that although the transposable element Copia is up-regulated in NMD mutants, this effect appears to be indirect.
Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography and Biomarkers for Early Treatment Response Evaluation in Metastatic Colon Cancer
Authors: Engelmann Bodil E. , Loft Annika , Kjær Andreas , Nielsen Hans J. , Gerds Thomas A. , Benzon Eric v. , Brünner Nils , Christensen Ib J. , Hansson Susanne H. , Holländer Niels H. , Kristensen Michael H. , Löfgren Johan , Markova Elena , Sloth Carsten , Højgaard Liselotte 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background.
Treatment options for metastatic colon cancer (mCC) are widening. We prospectively evaluated serial 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and measurements of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and liberated domain I of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR(I)) for early assessment of treatment response in mCC patients.

Methods.
Thirty-three mCC patients scheduled for first-line chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and bevacizumab participated; 27 were evaluated by PET/CT before treatment, after one and four treatment series. Morphological and metabolic response was independently assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer PET criteria. Plasma TIMP-1, plasma uPAR(I), and serum CEA were determined.

Results.
Metabolic response after one treatment course predicted the ability of CAPOX and bevacizumab to induce morphological response after four treatment series with a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 69%, and odds ratio of 13.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9; 182). Early metabolically stable or progressive disease was associated with shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.2 [CI 1.3; 7.8]). Biomarker levels at early evaluation were associated with shorter OS (TIMP-1 per unit increase on a log-2-transformed ng/mL scale: HR = 2.6 [CI 1.4; 4.9]; uPAR(I) per 25 fmol/mL increase: HR = 1.5 [CI 1.1; 2.1]).

Conclusion.
This monocentric study demonstrated predictive value of early metabolic PET response and prognostic value of TIMP-1 and uPAR(I) levels in mCC treated with CAPOX and bevacizumab. Results support investigation of PET/CT, TIMP-1, and uPAR(I) guided early treatment adaptation in mCC.
Visualisation of Liquid Flow Phenomena in Textiles Applied as a Wound Dressing
Authors: Komisarczyk A. , Dziworska G. , Krucinska I. , Michalak M. , Strzembosz W. , Kaflak A. , Kaluza M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of this work was to visualise liquid transport in textiles. Knowledge of the transport phenomena allows for
the design of textiles for various applications, e.g., comfortable to wear filtration and wound dressing. To visualise
liquid transport through textiles, three test methods were explored. The first one was the high spatial resolution
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique (also referred to as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy).
It allowed the observation of the pathways of liquid flow through textiles. In the second method, a thermographic
camera was used to record temperature changes and assess the liquid flow in the textile. The third method was
using a high-speed video camera to observe the liquid transport within the textile. Two types of textiles were studied:
a double-layer knitted fabric and a woven fabric, both made from hydrophilic and hydrophobic fibres (cotton, viscose
and polypropylene). The knitted fabrics were tested as a new type of wound dressing, which trans
Perverse Wanderings: Joyce, O'Connor, and the Queer Hand
Authors: Goodwin Adrian 
Published: January 2014

My essay traces the movement of the male hand in James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and, to a lesser degree, Frank O'Connor's treatise on the art of the short story (The Lonely Voice [1963]). I argue that prehensile activity – or what men do to themselves, or to each other, with their hands – can be read as confounding the structures of hetero-masculinity which both texts are in the service of shoring up. In formulating my argument, I ask the following question: How does the prohibition on hand movement counter-intuitively precipitate that same movement? In Freudian terms, I suggest that the hand in both Joyce and O'Connor reflect adult forms of what Freud called the ‘polymorphously perverse’. My paper accesses Freud through Frank O'Connor's reading of D.H. Lawrence in The Lonely Voice: A Study of the Short Story (1963). More specifically, O'Connor's characterisation of touching between men in Lawrence as child-like and ‘mystical’ (as opposed to ‘homosexual’) offers us a way of re-reading such touching in a more ductile and perverse way – outside, that is, the homo/heterosexual binary opposition. In relation to Freud, I trace how the foreclosure of the polymorphously perverse in post-infancy is also always a foreclosure of homosexuality. Citing post-Freudian theories by Bersani and Butler, I ask if residual, adult forms of the polymorphously perverse can be read as instances of ‘grieving’ externally for that previous homosexual loss. I then turn this question onto Joyce. By assessing Stephen's masturbating, punished, and artistic hand in Joyce's text as instances of the polymorphous perverse, I conclude by arguing that it is in the objectless self-reflexivity of art that Stephen's most productive form of prehensile perversity might be deemed possible.
L'actualité sahélo-saharienne au Mali : une invitation à penser l'espace mobile
Authors: Retaillé Denis , Walther Olivier 
Published: January 2014

L’actualité saharienne des années 2012-2013 au Mali a permis de replacer le Sahel dans le vocabulaire d’appel des médias et des commentateurs de l’actualité. La confusion des deux régions géographiques appelle quelques explications qui permettent aussi d’éclairer la manière dont les différents acteurs mobilisés, les États, les indépendantistes touareg, les terroristes islamistes se croisent sur une scène qui est mobile et non dans un théâtre d’opérations dont les décors seraient posés a priori comme en géopolitique. En exposant le résultat de deux enquêtes sur le temps long de l’espace sahélo-saharien et sur le temps court du branchement des réseaux activistes qui s’y déploient, l’article veut proposer l’usage d’un autre espace méthodologique, l’espace mobile, qui convient mieux aux situations contemporaines du mouvement que la référence fixe d’une surface terrestre épurée.
De la philosophie morale humienne à l'éthique du care : un billet aller-retour
Authors: Bonicco-Donato Céline 
Published: January 2014

Si les théoriciennes de l’éthique du care se réclament de la philosophie des sentiments moraux, notamment des analyses de David Hume, cette revendication n’est pas dénuée d’ambiguïté. En effet, elles lui reprochent de résoudre les difficultés immanentes à sa morale non universaliste en sortant d’une logique affective. Or les incontestables ruptures qui s’établissent entre la sympathie humienne et le souci des autres résident moins dans la supposée faiblesse conceptuelle de la première que dans la différence d’orientation des deux analyses. Il devient alors possible de « reconstruire » la morale humienne à l’aune de l’éthique du care pour voir quel secours elle peut lui porter.
L'immersion fictionnelle dans le jeu vidéo
Authors: Georges Fanny 
Published: January 2014

Les théoriciens du Make-believe ont bien montré ce qu’est l’état mental du lecteur ou du spectateur de cinéma ou de théâtre, entre croyance et incrédulité : il est un «se faire croire». Mais l’interactivité du jeu vidéo modifie la donne du problème. Comment s’y produit l’immersion ? L’article analyse le rôle central joué par la figure de l’avatar, qui favorise la projection de soi dans le monde virtuel. Il étudie les différentes figures de l’immersion, qui reposent à la fois sur la manipulation de l’avatar et sur sa mise en récit.
La chanson populaire comme microcosme moral : les leçons de vie des standards de jazz
Authors: Levinson Jerrold , Chevallier Geneviève , Talon-Hugon C. 
Published: January 2014

Aux trois types de qualités morales de la musique distinguées par Kivy (épistémique, comportementale et psychologique), Levinson ajoute ici une autre valeur : celle qui tient à la qualité morale du morceau musical, et ce, qu’un effet psychologique ou comportemental s’ensuive ou non. En s’appuyant à la fois sur des analyses musicales précises et sur l’étude des textes d’une douzaine de standards de jazz, l’auteur montre en quoi consiste cette très particulière qualité morale de la musique.
La mélancolie corporelle
Authors: Vargioni Jacques 
Published: January 2014

Cet article contribue à l’étude du concept de mélancolie corporelle comme configuration somato-psychique singulière à l’œuvre dans certains cas d’obésité. À partir d’un exposé théorico-clinique, nous mettons en évidence l’intrication des mouvements transférentiels et des modifications corporelles chez une patiente obèse hyperphage. Ses tentatives de « démélancolisation », c’est-à-dire de détachement du corps maternel incorporé, passèrent par un certain nombre de vicissitudes processuelles. Parmi celles-ci, un épisode boulimique, un épisode de dépersonnalisation ainsi qu’un passage hypomaniaque incarné dans une brève anorexie, affichèrent la grande difficulté de cette patiente d’accepter la passivité indispensable à la perte. Ces aléas mirent aussi au jour la coexistence d’un moi grandiose triomphant masquant une honte primaire mélancolique.
De l'illusion meurtrie à la désillusion meurtrière
Authors: Ravit Magali , Di Rocco Vincent , Bécache Ève , Carka Delphine 
Published: January 2014

L’article envisage comment le passage à l’acte convoque l’expérience winnicottienne d’illusion qui se mélancolise lorsque les processus d’organisation de la trace subjective sont restés « inachevés ». Le passage à l’acte violent et destructeur se présente alors comme une reprise d’un processus d’illusion inabouti, qui se répète par retournement, le sujet n’ayant pas d’autre solution que d’échoïser ce qui s’est perdu dans le reflet du miroir primaire. Les points de mortification de la position subjective qui laissent comme trace un sentiment de non sens, d’étrangeté et surtout d’incapacité narcissique, conduiraient à des expériences limites de négociation identitaires où le jeu avec le/la mort devient le seul miroir (et la seule issue) de la création subjective identitaire. C’est à partir de la singularité du champ perceptif visuel, en appui sur le test de Rorschach, que les auteurs proposent d’interroger comment ce champ révèle et réveille les aléas de la construction subjective primaire et l’expérience réflexive qui lui est inhérente.
La singularité de la maternalité éclairée par des scénarios transgénérationnels
Authors: Mathon-Tourné Laurence 
Published: January 2014

La maternalité est une expérience psychique unique à chaque fois et pour chaque femme. Un maillage singulier de scénarios transgénérationnels mis en scène avec chacun de ses enfants, en référence à un autre, événement ou personnage de l’histoire de la mère, s’impose à chaque venue au monde d’un enfant. Ce scénario participe de la singularité de la maternalité. Nous développerons cette idée à travers la présentation d’un cas clinique et à partir de travaux antérieurs tels ceux de Serge Lebovici sur le « mandat transgénérationnel », de René Kaës sur le « pacte dénégatif », d’Haydée Faimberg sur le « télescopage des générations », de Yolanda Gampel sur l’« identification radioactive », de Juan Manzano, Francisco Palacio-Espasa et Nathalie Zilkha sur les « scénarios narcissiques de la parentalité », ou bien encore d’Alberto Konicheckis.
Le probabilisme académicien dans le scepticisme français de Montaigne à Descartes
Authors: Maia Neto José Raimundo 
Published: January 2014

La probabilité académicienne, doctrine formulée par Carnéade, a joué un rôle capital dans l’épistémologie moderne. 1) Le pyrrhonisme dans L’ Apologie de Raymond Sebond de Montaigne est surtout une réaction au probabilisme néo-académicien que se sont appropriés des apologistes huguenots ; 2) Charron et La Mothe le Vayer ne tiennent pas le probable pour la vérité, parce que la probabilité est la limite anthropologique de la connaissance humaine, mais ils reconnaissent la difficulté de maintenir la suspension du jugement face au probable ; 3) ce débat autour du probabilisme académicien est central dans le projet philosophique de Descartes.
Arthropod fauna of rolled alder leaves in Washington State, United States of America (Insecta, Arachnida)
Authors: Miliczky Eugene R. , Horton David R. , LaGasa Eric 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe eastern foothills of the Cascade Range in Washington State, United States of America are west of the State's major fruit-producing region. Alders (Alnus Hill (Betulaceae)), an important floristic component of riparian communities in the Cascade Range foothills, were surveyed for leafrolling caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) that might serve as alternate hosts for parasitoids of orchard pest leafrollers, particularly the nonnative wasp Colpoclypeus florus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Tortricid leafrollers were abundant on alder, but reared parasitoids did not include C. florus. Survey results also revealed that rolled leaves were secondarily colonised by a wide variety of predatory and phytophagous arthropods. Rolled leaves were almost 10-fold more likely to be occupied by predatory arthropods than adjacent, roll-free leaves. Phytophagous thrips and mites showed a similar preference for rolled leaves. The most abundant predaceous arthropods in the leafrolls were Anthocoris antevolens White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), found in 4.4% of leafrolls, and the spider Clubiona pacifica Banks (Araneae: Clubionidae), found in 8.3% of leafrolls. Both species, and several other predatory insect and spider species found in the rolled leaves, also occur in eastern Washington orchards where they contribute to biological control. Because of its frequent colonisation by beneficial arthropods, alder may prove useful in conservation biological control programs.
MMTV Superantigens Coerce an Unconventional Topology between the TCR and MHC Class II
Authors: Fortin Jean-Simon , Genève Laetitia , Gauthier Catherine , Shoukry Naglaa H. , Azar Georges A. , Younes Souheil , Yassine-Diab Bader , Sékaly Rafick-Pierre , Fremont Daved H. , Thibodeau Jacques 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMouse mammary tumor virus superantigens (vSAGs) are notorious for defying structural characterization, and a consensus has yet to be reached regarding their ability to bridge the TCR to MHC class II (MHCII). In this study, we determined the topology of the T cell signaling complex by examining the respective relation of vSAG7 with the MHCII molecule, MHCII-associated peptide, and TCR. We used covalently linked peptide/MHCII complexes to demonstrate that vSAG presentation is tolerant to variation in the protruding side chains of the peptide, but can be sensitive to the nature of the protruding N-terminal extension. An original approach in which vSAG was covalently linked to either MHCII chain confirmed that vSAG binds outside the peptide binding groove. Also, whereas the C-terminal vSAG segment binds to the MHCII α-chain in a conformation-sensitive manner, the membrane-proximal N-terminal domain binds the β-chain. Because both moieties of the mature vSAG remain noncovalently associated after processing, our results suggest that vSAG crosslinks MHCII molecules. Comparing different T cell hybridomas, we identified key residues on the MHCII α-chain that are differentially recognized by the CDR3β when engaged by vSAG. Finally, we show that the highly conserved tyrosine residue found in the vSAg TGXY motif is required for T cell activation. Our results reveal a novel SAG/MHCII/TCR architecture in which vSAGs coerce a near-canonical docking between MHCII and TCR that allows eschewing of traditional CDR3 binding with the associated peptide in favor of MHCII α-chain binding. Our findings highlight the plasticity of the TCR CDRs.
Oral Combined Therapy with Probiotics and Alloantigen Induces B Cell–Dependent Long-Lasting Specific Tolerance
Authors: Mercadante Ana C. T. , Perobelli Suelen M. , Alves Ana P. G. , Gonçalves-Silva Triciana , Mello Wallace , Gomes-Santos Ana C. , Miyoshi Anderson , Faria Ana M. C. , Bonomo Adriana 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Allogeneic hematopietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) is widely used for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Although aHSCT provides a good response against the malignant cells (graft-versus-leukemia [GVL]), it also leads to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Therapy for GVHD is commonly based on nonspecific immunosupression of the transplanted recipient, resulting in the concomitant inhibition of the GVL effect. In this study, we propose an alternative approach to specifically suppress GVHD while sparing the GVL, based on oral treatment of transplant donors with recipient Ags, associated with the intake of probiotic Lactococcus lactis as tolerogenic adjuvant (combined therapy). We show that treatment of C57BL/6 donor mice with combined therapy before the transplant protects the recipients F1 (C57BL/6 × BAL/c) mice from clinical and pathological manifestations of disease, resulting in 100% survival rate. Importantly, the animals keep the immunological competence maintaining the GVL response as well as the response to third-party Ags. The protection is specific, long lasting and dependent on donor IL-10–sufficient B cells activity, which induces regulatory T cells in the host. These data suggest that combined therapy is a promising strategy for prevention of GVHD with preservation of GVL, opening new possibilities to treat human patients subjected to transplantation.
B Cell Depletion Curtails CD4+ T Cell Memory and Reduces Protection against Disseminating Virus Infection
Authors: Misumi Ichiro , Whitmire Jason K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Dynamic interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells are needed for humoral immunity and CD4+ T cell memory. It is not known whether B cells are needed early on to induce the formation of memory precursor cells or are needed later to sustain memory cells. In this study, primary and memory CD4+ T cells responses were followed in wild-type mice that were depleted of mature B cells by anti-CD20 before or different times after acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. The Ab treatment led to a 1000-fold reduction in B cell number that lasted 6 wk. Primary virus-specific CD4+ Th1 cells were generated in B cell–depleted mice; however, there was a decrease in the CD4+Ly6CloTbet+ memory precursor population and a corresponding 4-fold reduction in CD4+ memory cell number. Memory T cells showed impaired cytokine production when they formed without B cells. B cell depletion had no effect on established memory populations. During disseminating virus infection, B cell depletion led to sustained weight loss and functional exhaustion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and prevented mice from resolving the infection. Thus, B cells contribute to the establishment and survival of memory CD4+ T cells post–acute infection and play an essential role in immune protection against disseminating virus infection.
KIR3DL01 Recognition of Bw4 Ligands in the Rhesus Macaque: Maintenance of Bw4 Specificity since the Divergence of Apes and Old World Monkeys
Authors: Schafer Jamie L. , Colantonio Arnaud D. , Neidermyer William J. , Dudley Dawn M. , Connole Michelle , O’Connor David H. , Evans David T. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The identification of MHC class I ligands for rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to our basic understanding of KIR and MHC class I coevolution and to the study of NK cell responses in this nonhuman primate model for AIDS and other viral diseases. In this study, we show that Mamu-KIR3DL01, which is expressed by ∼90% of rhesus macaques, recognizes MHC class I molecules with a Bw4 motif. Primary NK cells expressing Mamu-KIR3DL01 were identified by staining with a mAb which, in this study, was shown to bind Mamu-KIR3DL01 allotypes with an aspartic acid at position 233. The cytolytic activity of Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cells was suppressed by cell lines expressing the Bw4 molecules Mamu-B*007:01, -B*041:01, -B*058:02, and -B*065:01. The Bw4 motif was necessary for Mamu-KIR3DL01 recognition because substitutions in this region abrogated Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cell inhibition. However, the presence of a Bw4 motif was not sufficient for recognition because another Bw4 molecule, Mamu-B*017:01, failed to suppress the cytolytic activity of these NK cells. Replacement of three residues in Mamu-B*017:01, predicted to be KIR contacts based on the three-dimensional structure of the human KIR3DL1-HLA-Bw4 complex, with the corresponding residues at these positions for the other Mamu-Bw4 ligands restored Mamu-KIR3DL01+ NK cell inhibition. These results define the ligand specificity of one of the most polymorphic and commonly expressed KIRs in the rhesus macaque and reveal similarities in Bw4 recognition by Mamu-KIR3DL01 and human KIR3DL1, despite the absence of an orthologous relationship between these two KIRs or conservation of surface residues predicted to interact with MHC class I ligands.
The Proposed Data Protection Regulation: The Illusion of Harmonisation, the Private/Public Sector Divide and the Bureaucratic Apparatus
Authors: Blume Peter , Svanberg Christian Wiese 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe proposal for a new General Data Protection Regulation has been billed as a harbinger of increased harmonisation, better enforcement and modernised rules within the area of data protection law. Through an analysis of several central elements in the draft Regulation—and European data protection law in general—as well as an assessment of the practical implications the proposal is likely to have if adopted, this chapter challenges whether the proposal will be able to deliver the harmonised rules that have been promised. It focuses particularly on the proposed regulations scope of application, its legal architecture, the use of discretionary provisions and related issues.It is argued that the proposal not only fails to address the root causes of why the current data protection directive (Directive 95/46) failed to bring about harmonisation and effective rules, but also looks set to transplant them into the new regulation.