bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular mechanism of poor embryo development in postovulatory aged oocytes: Mini review
Authors: Takahashi Toshifumi , Igarashi Hideki , Amita Mitsuyoshi , Hara Shuichiro , Matsuo Koki , Kurachi Hirohisa 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOocyte quality is a key factor in determining embryo development; however, we have a poor understanding of what constitutes oocyte quality or the mechanisms governing it. Postovulatory aging of oocytes that have not been fertilized for a prolonged time after ovulation is known to significantly impair oocyte quality and subsequent embryo development after fertilization. Embryos derived from postovulatory‐aged oocytes are prone to undergo apoptosis due to the decreased Bcl‐2 expression. Postovulatory aging of oocytes changes the patterns of Ca2+ oscillations at fertilization as a result of impaired Ca2+ regulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, postovulatory aging of oocytes impairs mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate production as a result of increasing oxidative stresses. Oxidative stresses also affect intracellular Ca2+ regulation and impair embryo development after fertilization. Collectively, the mechanism of postovulatory oocyte aging might be involved in reactive oxygen species‐induced mitochondrial injury followed by abnormal intracellular Ca2+ regulation in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Comparisons of the morbidity outcomes in repeated cesarean sections using midline and Pfannenstiel incisions
Authors: Puttanavijarn Lunthaporn , Phupong Vorapong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate operative complications, operative time, postpartum complications and neonatal outcome in repeated cesarean section between previous low midline and previous Pfannenstiel cesarean section.Material and MethodsThis was a prospective comparative study conducted at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in pregnant women with indication of repeated cesarean section for either low midline or Pfannenstiel incisions.ResultsA total of 320 pregnant women with previous cesarean section were enrolled into two groups: low midline (n = 160) and Pfannenstiel (n = 160) groups. Operative complications, postpartum complications and neonatal outcomes were not statistically different between the groups (P > 0.05). Median times for total operative time (50 vs 50 min, P = 0.833), time from skin incision to the uterus (4 vs 4 min, P = 0.877), and time from uterine incision to fetal delivery (3 vs 2 min, P = 0.871) were comparable between the groups.ConclusionsOperative complications, operative time, postpartum complications and neonatal outcomes were comparable between low midline and Pfannenstiel groups in repeated cesarean sections irrespective of the previous technique used.
Acute peripartum twin–twin transfusion syndrome: Incidence, risk factors, placental characteristics and neonatal outcome
Authors: Lopriore Enrico , Holtkamp Nanneke , Sueters Marieke , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Walther Frans J. , Oepkes Dick 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the incidence, placental characteristics and outcome in acute peripartum twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).Material and MethodsAll consecutive cases of monochorionic (MC) twins admitted to our center were included in the study. We excluded cases with chronic TTTS or twin anemia polycythemia sequence. Acute peripartum TTTS was defined when the inter‐twin hemoglobin difference at birth was >8 g/dL.ResultsA total of 241 MC twin pregnancies were included in the study. Acute peripartum TTTS was detected in six cases (2.5%, 6/241). Vaginal delivery occurred more often in the acute peripartum TTTS group compared to the control group of uncomplicated MC pregnancies, 100% (6/6) versus 57% (135/235) (P = 0.002), respectively. Acute anemia was detected only in firstborn twins. Placental angioarchitecture in acute peripartum TTTS was similar to the placentas in the control group.ConclusionsThe incidence of acute peripartum TTTS is low (2.5%). Birth order and mode of delivery appear to be associated with increased risk of acute peripartum TTTS.
Cross‐sectional study of gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women at a tertiary care center in southern India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Usha , Kolar Geeta , Nirmalan Praveen K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine maternal and neonatal outcomes of less than recommended or excess gestational weight gain (GWG) based on the recommended Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines.Material and MethodsUsing a cross‐sectional study design, GWG was assessed for 1462 pregnant women presenting to a tertiary care perinatal institute in India. Body mass index at baseline, co‐existing morbidities, fetal growth, details of delivery, and maternal and fetal outcomes were determined and documented. Appropriate GWG for each woman was determined based on the revised IOM guidelines. Outcome measures included the proportion of pregnant women compliant with IOM guidelines for GWG and associations of less than recommended or excess GWG with maternal and neonatal outcomes.ResultsA total of 547 (37.41%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.96–39.92) pregnant women gained less than recommended and 313 (21.41%, 95%CI: 19.36–23.57) pregnant women gained more than the recommended weight. Preterm deliveries were associated with less than optimal weight gain (adjusted odds ratio 3.58, 95%CI: 1.75–7.32) after adjusting for gestational age at delivery. GWG was not associated with neonatal outcomes in this population.ConclusionsThe lack of associations with perinatal outcomes indicates that the IOM guidelines may not be the appropriate standard for monitoring GWG in this population.
Role of Insulin and Adenosine in the Human Placenta Microvascular and Macrovascular Endothelial Cell Dysfunction in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Guzmán‐Gutiérrez Enrique , Arroyo Pablo , Salsoso Rocío , Fuenzalida Bárbara , Sáez Tamara , Leiva Andrea , Pardo Fabián , Sobrevia Luis 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMicrovascular and macrovascular endothelial function maintains vascular reactivity. Several diseases alter endothelial function, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In addition, micro‐ and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction is documented in GDM with serious consequences for the growing fetus. Increased l‐arginine uptake via hCAT‐1 and NO synthesis by eNOS is associated with GDM. These alterations are paralleled by activation of purinergic receptors and increased umbilical vein, but not arteries blood adenosine accumulation. GDM associates with NO‐reduced adenosine uptake in placental endothelium, suggested to maintain and/or facilitate insulin vasodilation likely increasing hCAT‐1 and eNOS expression and activity. It is proposed that increased umbilical vein blood adenosine concentration in GDM reflects a defective metabolic state of human placenta. In addition, insulin recovers GDM‐alterations in hCAT‐1 and eNOS in human micro‐ and macrovascular endothelium, and its biological actions depend on preferential activation of insulin receptors A and B restoring a normal‐like from a GDM‐like phenotype. We summarized existing evidence for a potential role of insulin/adenosine/micro‐ and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in GDM. These mechanisms could be crucial for a better management of the mother, fetus and newborn in GDM pregnancies.
Surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla following maxillary osteotomy: a case report
Authors: Koo Min Chee C.A. , Brierley D.J. , Hunter K.D. , Pace C. , McKechnie A.J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA healthy 42‐year‐old male presented with a 1‐week history of pain associated with a swelling localised to the upper right quadrant of his mouth. The patient had undergone a bimaxillary osteotomy 20 years previously. An initial clinical diagnosis included an inflammatory or developmental odontogenic cyst leading to enucleation of the lesion. Post‐operative histopathology revealed a diagnosis of surgical ciliated cyst of the maxilla. This case highlights the need for awareness of this cyst to ensure appropriate patient management.
Acquired Microcystic Lymphatic Malformation of the Distal Upper Extremity Mimicking Verrucae Vulgaris
Authors: Wang Stephanie , Krulig Eliana , Hernandez Claudia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn 18‐year‐old African American male with a history of congenital lymphedema of the right upper extremity presented for evaluation of multiple verrucous lesions on his right hand. Clusters of 2 to 4‐mm dome‐shaped vesicles were intermixed with scattered verrucous papules on the right forearm and the dorsal and palmar aspects of the hand. Histopathology of one the verrucous lesions showed well‐circumscribed areas of dilated lymphatic vascular channels with lymph in the lumen. The patient was diagnosed with microcystic lymphatic malformation, verrucous type. This article reviews the literature regarding reports of this variant of microcystic lymphatic malformation in the pediatric population.
Chevron Nails: A Normal Variant in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Delano Sofia , Belazarian Leah 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA 7‐month‐old girl was evaluated for V‐shaped ridging of the fingernails consistent with chevron nails. Chevron nails are a normal variant in the pediatric population that is frequently outgrown. This case nicely demonstrates this normal finding that has so rarely been reported in the literature.
Treatment of Preadolescent Acne in the United States: An Analysis of Nationally Representative Data
Authors: Davis Scott A. , Sandoval Laura F. , Gustafson Cheryl J. , Feldman Steven R. , Cordoro Kelly M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe prevalence of acne in younger children is increasing. Of the acne treatments that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for ages 12 years and older, it is unclear which medications are being prescribed off‐label for this younger patient population. The purpose of this study is to compare the therapies being prescribed to preadolescent patients with acne (defined in this study as ages 7 to 11 years) with those being prescribed to adolescent patients (ages 12 to 18 years) and to determine whether prescribing patterns differ between dermatologists and pediatricians. Leading therapies for the treatment of children with a diagnosis of acne were collected from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) from 1993 to 2009. Data were stratified according to age group and physician specialty. Physicians prescribed a wide variety of FDA‐approved and off‐label medications to preadolescent patients with acne. The leading medications were topical treatments, including adapalene (14.4%), benzoyl peroxide (12.8%), and tretinoin (12.5%). Treatment of this age group differed substantially between specialties, with dermatologists frequently prescribing topical retinoids and primary care physicians preferring antibiotics, particularly oral antibiotics. Limitations included a lack of data on acne severity and morphology through NAMCS, as well as the absence of longitudinal data. With the limited number of FDA‐approved treatment options, off‐label prescribing for acne in preadolescent patients is common. Furthermore, this study identified a potential knowledge gap between pediatricians based on their prescribing patterns in this patient population.
Time Courses and Time‐Resolved Spectra of Firefly Bioluminescence Initiated by Two Methods of ATP Injection and Photolysis of Caged ATP
Authors: Yanagisawa Yuki , Kageyama Takeshi , Wada Naohisa , Tanaka Masatoshi , Ohno Shin‐ya 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe time‐dependent characteristics of firefly bioluminescence initiated by manual injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into buffer solution containing luciferin (Ln), luciferase (Luc) and Mg2+ were measured with a resolution of 10 ms, and compared with those obtained by photolysis of caged ATP. The time course depends on pH; both rise and decay rates decrease when pH is lowered from 7.8 to 6.8. In contrast, the parameter λ in the kinetic formula related to diffusion of ATP is almost independent of pH. The pH dependence of the time course of bioluminescence can be explained by the same pH tendency as the rate of ATP binding at the active site of Luc. The time‐resolved spectra can be decomposed into two Gaussian components with maxima at 2.2 and 2.0 eV. At pH 7.8, the band at 2.2 eV is more intense than that at 2.0 eV for all three concentration conditions. At lower pH, the band at 2.2 eV becomes weaker than that at 2.0 eV. The intensity ratio of the 2.0 and 2.2 eV bands is constant for duration time of 600 s for both injection and photolysis experiments, and the above conclusions are unaffected by the concentration ratio [Ln]/[Luc].
Improvised Causativization
Authors: Kwon Kyongjoon 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I argue a special kind of causative alternation that arises from a speaker's immediate need to express the ‘forced control’ semantics of an imposed causer. This type of causativization, termed improvised causativization, is not limited by the argument structure of an intransitive base verb, whether it is unergative or unaccusative. Based on this observation, I propose that causativization be syntactically represented through acausephrase that is added after avP is completed; specifically, at the step of derivation when an intransitive profile is completed (cf. Levin & Rappaport Hovav 1995). Along with a claim in lexical semantics (Pylkkänen 2002, cf. Neeleman & van de Koot 2010) thatcauserelates a caused to a causing event, I argue that the mediating role of thecauseis based on a set of felicity conditions. Under this analysis, variations at different levels, i.e., individual, dialectal, diachronic, or language acquisitional, can be accounted for without further stipulation.
Does epithelial sodium channel hyperactivity contribute to cystic fibrosis lung disease?
Authors: Hobbs Carey A. , Da Tan Chong , Tarran Robert 
Published: July 2013

Key points
Lung hydration and mucus clearance rates are set by a balance between CFTR‐mediated Cl− secretion and ENaC‐led Na+ absorption. In CF airways, CFTR is diminished, and ENaC is upregulated, leading to mucus dehydration and increased chance of infection.
Evidence for ENaC upregulation in CF airways includes electrophysiological evidence, increased ASL absorption rates, increased cleavage of CF ENaC and increased basolateral Na+/K+ ATPase activity in CF airways.
The mechanism of Na+ hyperabsorption in CF airways is unknown and it may be due to altered protein‐protein interactions and/or increased proteolysis of ENaC in CF airways. However, inhibition of ENaC is predicted to increase CF mucus hydration/clearance and thus, ENaC remains an important therapeutic target for the treatment of CF lung disease.
Abstract  Airway epithelia absorb Na+ through the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and secrete Cl− through the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) anion channel. This balance maintains sufficient airway surface liquid hydration to permit efficient mucus clearance, which is needed to maintain sterility of the lung. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a common autosomal recessive inherited disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that lead to the reduction or elimination of the CFTR protein. CF is a multi‐organ disease that affects epithelia lining the intestines, lungs, pancreas, sweat ducts and vas deferens, among others. CF lungs are characterized by viscous, dehydrated mucus, persistent neutrophilia and chronic infections. ENaC is negatively regulated by CFTR and, in patients with CF, the absence of CFTR results in a double hit of reduced Cl−/HCO3− and H2O secretion as well as ENaC hyperactivity and increased Na+ and H2O absorption. Together, these effects are hypothesized to trigger mucus dehydration, resulting in a failure to clear mucus. Rehydrating CF mucus has become a recent clinical focus and yields important end‐points for clinical trials. However, while ENaC hyperactivity in CF airways has been detected in vivo and in vitro, recent data have brought the role of ENaC in CF lung disease pathogenesis into question. This review will focus on our current understanding of the contribution of ENaC to CF pathogenesis.
Neuronal major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are implicated in the generation of asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry
Authors: Kawahara Aiko , Kurauchi Shotaro , Fukata Yuko , Martínez‐Hernández José , Yagihashi Terumi , Itadani Yuya , Sho Rui , Kajiyama Taiichi , Shinzato Nao , Narusuye Kenji , Fukata Masaki , Luján Rafael , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Ito Isao 
Published: July 2013

Key points
The molecular basis of left–right asymmetries in brain structure and function is a central question in neuroscience.
We have previously demonstrated that the neuronal circuitry composed of hippocampal pyramidal neurones is asymmetrical depending on the hemispheric origin of presynaptic inputs and cell polarity of the postsynaptic neurone.
In this study, we analysed the hippocampus of β2‐microglobulin (β2m)‐deficient mice lacking stable cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI), which is known to be important in cellular immunity.
We found that β2m‐deficient mice lacked structural and functional asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry, suggesting that MHCI is critical for the generation of hippocampal asymmetry.
Our results provide a first step in elucidating the cellular process that generates brain asymmetries.
Abstract  Left–right asymmetry is a fundamental feature of higher‐order brain function; however, the molecular basis of brain asymmetry has remained unclear. We have recently demonstrated asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry resulting from the asymmetrical allocation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluRɛ2 (NR2B) in pyramidal cell synapses. This asymmetrical allocation of ɛ2 subunits affects the properties of NMDARs and generates two populations of synapses, ‘ɛ2‐dominant’ and ‘ɛ2‐non‐dominant’ synapses, according to the hemispheric origin of presynaptic inputs and cell polarity of the postsynaptic neurone. To identify key regulators for generating asymmetries, we analysed the hippocampus of β2‐microglobulin (β2m)‐deficient mice lacking cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI). Although MHCI proteins are well known in the immune system, accumulating evidence indicates that MHCI proteins are expressed in the brain and are required for activity‐dependent refinement of neuronal connections and normal synaptic plasticity. We found that β2m proteins were localised in hippocampal synapses in wild‐type mice. NMDA EPSCs in β2m‐deficient hippocampal synapses receiving inputs from both hemispheres showed similar sensitivity to Ro 25‐6981, an ɛ2 subunit‐selective antagonist, with those in ‘ɛ2‐dominant’ synapses for both the apical and basal synapses of pyramidal neurones. The structural features of the β2m‐deficient synapse in addition to the relationship between the stimulation frequency and synaptic plasticity were also comparable to those of ‘ɛ2‐dominant’ synapses. These observations indicate that the β2m‐deficient hippocampus lacks ‘ɛ2‐non‐dominant’ synapses and circuit asymmetries. Our findings provide evidence supporting a critical role of MHCI molecules for generating asymmetries in hippocampal circuitry.
Temporal response of positive and negative regulators in response to acute and chronic exercise training in mice
Authors: Olenich Sara A. , Gutierrez‐Reed Navarre , Audet Gerald N. , Olfert I. Mark 
Published: July 2013

Key points
Angiogenic regulators respond to acute exercise with different temporal expression patterns (e.g. 2–4 h versus 12–24 h) creating a complex multifaceted response that must be considered in studies using a single time point for post‐exercise analyses.
In response to chronic training there appears to be a complex coordination in the proteomic responses of both positive and negative angiogenic factors that correspond with training‐induced muscle capillary adaptation, such that altered basal expression and acute responses to exercise appear to withdraw or reduce the stimulus of angiogenic regulators in an expanding capillary bed with active angiogenesis.
These are the first data to show that nucleolin (a protein responsible for transcriptional processing and transportation of proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus) is responsive to acute exercise. We speculate that nucleolin may work in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF) and endostatin.
Temporal responses observed in mice, particularly for VEGF, MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, may not be directly comparable to humans.
Abstract  Angiogenesis is controlled by a balance between positive and negative angiogenic factors, but temporal protein expression of many key angiogenic regulators in response to exercise are still poorly defined. In C57BL/6 mice, we evaluated the temporal protein expression of several pro‐angiogenic and anti‐angiogenic factors in response to (1) a single acute bout of exercise and (2) chronic exercise training resulting from 3, 5, 7, 14 and 28 days of voluntary wheel running. Following acute exercise, protein levels of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF), endostatin and nucleolin were increased at 2–4 h (P < 0.05), whereas matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 was elevated within a 12–24 h window (P < 0.05). Training increased muscle capillarity 11%, 15% and 22% starting with 7, 14 and 28 days of training, respectively (P < 0.01). Basal VEGF and MMP‐2 were increased by 31% and 22%, respectively, compared to controls (P < 0.05) after 7 days (7d) training, but decreased to back to baseline after 14d training. After 28d training VEGF fell 49% below baseline control (P < 0.01). Basal muscle expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP‐1) was ∼900% greater in 14d‐ and 28d‐trained mice compared to either 5d‐ and 7d‐trained mice (P < 0.05), and tended to increase by ∼180–258% compared to basal control levels (P < 0.10). The acute responsiveness of VEGF to exercise in untrained mice (i.e. 161% increase, P < 0.001) was lost with capillary adaptation occurring after 7, 14 and 28d training. Taken together, these data support the notion that skeletal muscle angiogenesis is controlled by a balance between positive and negative mitogens, and reveals a complex, highly‐coordinated, temporal scheme whereby these factors can differentially influence capillary growth in response to acute versus chronic exercise.