bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population genomic analysis uncovers African and European admixture inDrosophila melanogasterpopulations from the southeastern United States and Caribbean Islands
Authors: Kao Joyce Y. , Zubair Asif , Salomon Matthew P. , Nuzhdin Sergey V. , Campo Daniel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGenome sequences from North AmericanDrosophilamelanogaster populations have become available to the scientific community. Deciphering the underlying population structure of these resources is crucial to make the most of these population genomic resources. Accepted models of North American colonization generally purport that several hundred years ago, flies from Africa and Europe were transported to the east coast United States and the Caribbean Islands respectively and thus current east coast US and Caribbean populations are an admixture of African and European ancestry. Theses models have been constructed based on phenotypes and limited genetic data. In our study, we have sequenced individual whole genomes of flies from populations in the southeast US and Caribbean Islands and examined these populations in conjunction with population sequences from Winters, CA, (USA); Raleigh, NC (USA); Cameroon (Africa); and Montpellier (France) to uncover the underlying population structure of North American populations. We find that west coast US populations are most like European populations likely reflecting a rapid westward expansion upon first settlements into North America. We also find genomic evidence of African and European admixture in east coast US and Caribbean populations, with a clinal pattern of decreasing proportions of African ancestry with higher latitude further supporting the proposed demographic model of Caribbean flies being established by African ancestors. Our genomic analysis of Caribbean flies is the first study that exposes the source of previously reported novel African alleles found in east coast US populations.
Quality maternal and newborn care to ensure a healthy start for every newborn in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region
Authors: Obara H , Sobel H 
Published: September 2014

In the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region, the high rates of births attended by skilled health personnel (SHP) do not equal access to quality maternal or newborn care. ‘A healthy start for every newborn’ for 23 million annual births in the region means that SHP and newborn care providers give quality intrapartum, postpartum and newborn care. WHO and the UNICEF Regional Action Plan for Healthy Newborn Infants provide a platform for countries to scale‐up Early Essential Newborn Care (EENC). The plan emphasises the creation of an enabling environment for the practice of EENC; thereby, preventing 50 000 newborn deaths annually.
Fecal microbial diversity and putative function in captive western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and binturongs (Arctictis binturong)
Authors: McKENNEY Erin A. , ASHWELL Melissa , LAMBERT Joanna E. , FELLNER Vivek 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMicrobial populations in the gastrointestinal tract contribute to host health and nutrition. Although gut microbial ecology is well studied in livestock and domestic animals, little is known of the endogenous populations inhabiting primates or carnivora. We characterized microbial populations in fecal cultures from gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla), common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) and binturongs (Arctictis binturong) to compare the microbiomes associated with different gastrointestinal morphologies and different omnivorous feeding strategies. Each species was fed a distinct standardized diet for 2 weeks prior to fecal collection. All diets were formulated to reflect the species' feeding strategies in situ. Fresh fecal samples were pooled within species and used to inoculate in vitro batch cultures. Acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate were measured after 24 h of incubation. Eubacterial DNA was extracted from individual fecal samples, pooled, and the cpn60 gene region was amplified and then sequenced to identify the major eubacterial constituents associated with each host species. Short chain fatty acids (P < 0.001) and methane (P < 0.001) were significantly different across species. Eubacterial profiles were consistent with fermentation data and suggest an increase in diversity with dietary fiber.
CD29 of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells is required for expansion of CD34+ cells
Authors: Yang Y. , Hu M. , Zhang Y. , Li H. , Miao Z. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesHuman umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) play a critical role in expanding haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by providing the essential microenvironment for haematopoiesis. In this study, we sought to investigate whether CD29 of hUCMSCs would play a key role in the ability of hUCMSCs to help expand HSCs in vivo and in vitro.Material and methodsTo investigate whether CD29 of hUCMSCs would play a key role for the ability of hUCMSCs to expand HSCs, soluble anti‐CD29 antibody was added to co‐cultures of hUCMSCs and cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells. It significantly blocked expansion of CB CD34+ cells induced by hUCMSCs. Using CD29‐deficient hUCMSCs models, long‐term culture‐initiating cell and non‐obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient disease mouse repopulating cell assay, revealed that CB CD34+ cells co‐cultured with CD29‐deficient hUCMSCs only retained the capacity of multipotent differentiation for 5 weeks at the most.ResultsSoluble anti‐CD29 antibody significantly blocked expansion of CB CD34+ cells induced by hUCMSCs. CB CD34+ cells co‐cultured with CD29‐deficient hUCMSCs only retained the capacity of multipotent differentiation for 5 weeks at the most.ConclusionsCB CD34+ cells co‐cultured with CD29‐deficient hUCMSCs gave rise to all major haematopoietic lineages, but failed to engraft long term.
Association of Left Atrial Booster‐Pump Function with Heart Failure Symptoms in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Imanishi Junichi , Tanaka Hidekazu , Sawa Takuma , Motoji Yoshiki , Miyoshi Tatsuya , Mochizuki Yasuhide , Fukuda Yuko , Tatsumi Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Kensuke , Okita Yutaka , Hirata Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundIdentification of heart failure (HF) symptoms in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is clinically important, but assessment of HF symptoms is challenging. It was recently reported that resting left atrium (LA) functions are related to exercise performance and are also important prognostic markers for patients with HF. The aim of this study was to assess the association of the HF symptoms with LA function in patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 40 patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF (all ≥50%) who were referred for aortic valve replacement (AVR). LA reservoir (SR‐LAs), conduit (SR‐LAe), and booster‐pump (SR‐LAa) functions were determined as the averaged global LA speckle tracking longitudinal strain rate from apical four‐ and two‐chamber views. Twenty patients were symptomatic and 20 asymptomatic.ResultsAortic stenosis severity was similar for the 2 groups. Symptomatic status was associated with age, LV mass index, hemoglobin, B‐type natriuretic peptide, LV end‐systolic volume index, LVEF, LA volume index, SR‐LAs, SR‐LAe, and SR‐LAa. Importantly, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that SR‐LAa was the only independent determinant of symptomatic status (OR = 0.242, P = 0.002). Furthermore, significant improvement of SR‐LAa was observed along with the reduction in LA volume index and LV mass index after AVR.ConclusionsSR‐LAa was found to be associated with the HF symptoms. Characterization of LA booster‐pump function may be useful for the assessment of the symptomatic status in patients with severe AS patients and limited physical activity.
Best Method for Right Atrial Volume Assessment by Two‐Dimensional Echocardiography: Validation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ebtia Mahasti , Murphy Darra , Gin Kenneth , Lee Pui K. , Jue John , Nair Parvathy , Mayo John , Barnes Marion E. , Thompson Darby J. S. , Tsang Teresa S. M. 
Published: September 2014

AimEchocardiographic methods for estimating right atrial (RA) volume have not been standardized. Our aim was to evaluate two‐dimensional (2D) echocardiographic methods of RA volume assessment, using RA volume by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as the reference.Methods and ResultsRight atrial volume was assessed in 51 patients (mean age 63 ± 14 years, 33 female) who underwent comprehensive 2D echocardiography and cardiac MRI for clinically indicated reasons. Echocardiographic RA volume methods included (1) biplane area length, using four‐chamber view twice (biplane 4C‐4C); (2) biplane area length, using four‐chamber and subcostal views (biplane 4C‐subcostal); and (3) single plane Simpson's method of disks (Simpson's). Echocardiographic RA volumes as well as linear RA major and minor dimensions were compared to RA volume by MRI using correlation and Bland–Altman methods, and evaluated for inter‐observer reproducibility and accuracy in discriminating RA enlargement. All echocardiography volumetric methods performed well compared to MRI, with Pearson's correlation of 0.98 and concordance correlation ≥0.91 for each. For bias and limits of agreement, biplane 4C‐4C (bias −4.81 mL/m2, limits of agreement ±9.8 mL/m2) and Simpson's (bias −5.15 mL/m2, limits of agreement ±10.1 mL/m2) outperformed biplane 4C‐subcostal (bias −8.36 mL/m2, limits of agreement ±12.5 mL/m2). Accuracy for discriminating RA enlargement was higher for all volumetric methods than for linear measurements. Inter‐observer variability was satisfactory across all methods.ConclusionsCompared to MRI, biplane 4C‐4C and single plane Simpson's are highly accurate and reproducible 2D echocardiography methods for estimating RA volume. Linear dimensions are inaccurate and should be abandoned.
Use of an ungulate‐specific feed structure as a potential tool for controlling feral goats in Australian forest ecosystems
Authors: Hunt Rob J. , Claridge Andrew W. , Fleming Peter J. S. , Cunningham Ross B. , Russell Benjamin G. , Mills Douglas J. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe feral Goat (Capra hircus) has successfully exploited a range of landscapes around the world with occurrences of overabundance resulting in significant damage to ecological values. In forested ecosystems in Australia, there are currently limited means to control the species when compared to the range of management techniques available for other pest animals. To redress this deficiency, we designed a feed structure combined with commercially available salt blocks to attract goats to set locations in a forested study area. Structures that exploited differences in the pedal morphology (foot size and shape) of native herbivores (kangaroos and wallabies) and ungulates (feral goats and deer) were found to be highly target‐specific, with feral goats freely able to access salt blocks, whilst nontarget native species were effectively excluded. Other introduced ungulate species, Fallow Deer (Dama dama) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus), successfully accessed salt blocks in feed structures but at a considerably lower rate than feral goats. The capacity to present a range of bait types within a target‐specific feed structure, once matched with a humane toxicant, could provide land managers with an additional cost‐effective lethal control tool for future management of feral ungulates, particularly goats.
Preparation and characterization of W/O microemulsion for removal of oily make‐up cosmetics
Authors: Kim E. J. , Kong B. J. , Kwon S. S. , Jang H. N. , Park S. N. 
Published: September 2014

SynopsisObjectiveIn the present study, W/O microemulsions (MEs) were prepared for efficient removal of oily make‐up cosmetics and the detergency characteristics were studied.MethodsThe W/O MEs were prepared by mixing of a spontaneous emulsifier, cosurfactant and oil, and solubilizing the mixture during addition of water. The wettability and emulsifying activity were, respectively, evaluated by measuring contact angle and absorbance after preparing a total of 20 samples using three emulsifying systems and seven oils.ResultsBased on the results, a lower viscosity of the oil component is favourable for higher wettability, and the lower the viscosity of the emulsifying systems, the higher the wettability of the ME. Except in the case of oleic acid (OA), oils having high polarity showed significant emulsifying activity. The equation describing was derived from the detergency measurement results, and it was verified that the wettability contributed more significantly to the detergency than the emulsifying activity.ConclusionThese results suggest that the prepared W/O microemulsions can be utilized as cleaning agents for efficient removal of oily make‐up cosmetics.
Validation of the Sysmex CS5100 coagulation analyzer and comparison to the Stago STA‐R analyzer for routine coagulation parameters
Authors: Geens T. , Vertessen F. , Malfait R. , Deiteren K. , Maes M.B. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe CS5100 analyzer (Sysmex) was validated for the determination of routine coagulation parameters. This fully automated coagulation analyzer uses multiple wavelength technology to perform coagulation (e.g., activated partial thromboplastin time – APTT, prothrombin time – PT, fibrinogen – FBG), chromogenic (e.g., antithrombin – AT) and immunological (e.g., D‐dimers – DDi) assays.MethodsA comparison with the currently used STA‐R Evolution (Stago) was performed. Validation and verification of reference values of the CS5100 was performed in accordance to CLSI guidelines (H57‐A, H47‐A2, and C28‐A3).ResultsAs a different detection system and reagents were used, significant differences were observed (e.g. APTT). The within‐day and between‐day imprecision, accuracy and total error were all acceptable. The reference values defined by the manufacturer could be used except for APTT. In our settings, the therapeutic anti‐Xa range of 0.3–0.7 IU/mL corresponded to an APTT range of 60–100 s (Dade actin FS reagent). The APTT reagent showed factor sensitivities between 46 and 72% for FVIII, IX, XI and XII while the PT reagent showed sensitivities between 34 and 52% for FII, FV, FXII, and FX.ConclusionIn conclusion, the CS5100 instrument is suitable for the determination of the APTT, PT, FBG, DDi and AT in routine analysis.
Molecular Phylogeny of the Parasitic Dinoflagellate Chytriodinium within the Gymnodinium Clade (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)
Authors: Gómez Fernando , Skovgaard Alf 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe dinoflagellate genus Chytriodinium, an ectoparasite of copepod eggs, is reported for the first time in the North and South Atlantic Oceans. We provide the first large subunit rDNA (LSU rDNA) and Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, which were identical in both hemispheres for the Atlantic Chytriodinium sp. The first complete small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of the Atlantic Chytriodinium sp. suggests that the specimens belong to an undescribed species. This is the first evidence of the split of the Gymnodinium clade: one for the parasitic forms of Chytriodiniaceae (Chytriodinium, Dissodinium), and other clade for the free‐living species.
Organizational Identification during a Merger: The Role of Self‐Enhancement and Uncertainty Reduction Motives during a Major Organizational Change
Authors: Elstak Mirdita N. , Bhatt Mamta , Van Riel Cees B. M. , Pratt Michael G. , Berens Guido A. J. M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPast research focuses predominantly on self‐enhancement as a motive underlying organizational identification even though there have been several calls for examining multiple motives of identification. Our research explores the interplay of the self‐enhancement and the uncertainty reduction motives in shaping identification during a major organizational change: a merger of a business unit with its parent corporation. Based on analysis of survey responses collected from 751 employees of the merging business unit, we find that the self‐enhancement motive, measured via attractiveness of perceived organizational identity and perceived external prestige, continues to influence identification during this merger. However, its effects are diminished when considering the effect of the uncertainty reduction motive. In particular, in addition to affecting identification directly, this latter motive, measured via agreement with projected identity of the business unit and identification with a distal target (i.e., the parent corporation), decreases the effect of perceived external prestige on business unit identification. Our research answers longstanding calls for understanding organizational identification motives beyond self‐enhancement, and shows how multiple identification motives work during a major organizational change: a time when identification is strongly needed, yet hard to garner.
The Effect of Spillovers and Congestion on the Endogenous Formation of Jurisdictions
Authors: ODDOU REMY 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of interjurisdictional spillovers and congestion of local public services on the segregative properties of endogenous formation of jurisdictions. Households choosing to live at the same place form a jurisdiction which produces congested local public services, which generates positive spillovers to other jurisdictions. In every jurisdiction, the production of the local public services is financed through a local tax based on households' wealth. Local wealth tax rates are democratically determined in every jurisdiction. Households consume the available amount of public services in their jurisdiction and a composite private good. Any household is free to leave its jurisdiction for another that would increase its utility. A necessary and sufficient condition to have every stable jurisdiction structure segregated by wealth is identified: the public services must be either a gross substitute or a gross complement to the private good.
Public and Private Hospitals, Congestion, and Redistribution
Authors: CANTA CHIARA , LEROUX MARIE‐LOUISE 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper studies how congestion in the public health sector can be used as both an in‐kind and in‐cash redistributive tool. In our model, agents differ in productivity and they can obtain a health service either from a congested public hospital or from a noncongested private one at a higher price. With pure in‐kind redistribution, agents fail to internalize their impact on congestion, and the demand for the public hospital is higher than optimal. When productivities are not observable but the social planner can assign agents across hospitals, the optimal congestion is higher than in the full information case in order to relax incentive constraints and foster income redistribution. Finally, if agents can freely choose across hospitals, the optimal subsidy on the private hospital price may be negative or positive depending on the relative importance of redistribution and efficiency concerns. In this case, redistribution is limited if the quality of the public facility depends on the number of users.
The Decline in Shared Collective Conscience as Found in the Shifting Norms and Values of Etiquette Manuals
Authors: Abrutyn Seth , Carter Michael J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this article we address Emile Durkheim's theory that norms and values become more generalized and abstract in a society as it becomes more complex and differentiated. To test Durkheim's theory we examine etiquette manuals—the common texts that define normative manners and morals in American society. We perform a deductive content analysis on past and present etiquette manuals to understand what changes have occurred regarding shifting behavioral norms and values over time. Our findings suggest that a change has occurred in the presentation and language of contemporary etiquette manuals, reflecting a greater change in the normative order. We find—as Durkheim would expect—that three main shifts have occurred: a shift from specific to general expectations for behavior in social settings, a shift from demanding to more suggestive rules of behavior in social situations, and a weakening in the severity of sanctions for breaches of etiquette.
What's in a Flag? The Protestant Community's Identity, Symbols, and Protests in Belfast
Authors: Mastors Elena , Drumhiller Nicole 
Published: September 2014

The British Union flag flew 365 days a year over Belfast City Hall and on designated days plus four specified days at the Ulster Hall and Duncrue Complex. This policy was challenged by the Sinn Féin party, prompting the city council to review the policy. Members of the city council consulted with the community, debated, and ultimately decided in December 2012 to change the policy in favor of designated days at the city council. They also removed the flag at the other two venues. This sparked protests from the Protestant community, some turning violent. The consultative process, the debates surrounding the change in the flag policy, and the reasons for the prolonged and at times violence response by the Protestant community is the result of conflict between both religious and political identity groups. This article examines these protests through the lens of cultural identity within divided communities.
Friend support and psychological distress in a U.S. adult twin sample
Authors: HORWITZ BRIANA N. , REYNOLDS CHANDRA A. , NEIDERHISER JENAE M. , CHARLES SUSAN T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFriend support is often assumed to exert direct environmental influences on psychological distress, yet the role of both genetic and environmental influences on this association has not been examined. This study investigates whether both genetic and environmental factors explain the link between friend support and psychological distress in adults. The sample was drawn from the Midlife Development in the United States study and included 947 pairs of monozygotic, same‐sex dizygotic (DZ), and opposite‐sex DZ twins. Results showed that genetic influences explain the association between friend support and psychological distress, suggesting that heritable contributions to friend support also shape psychological distress. Interventions focused on psychological distress should consider how individuals' heritable characteristics influence their friend support and psychological distress.