bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mosquitoes rely on their gut microbiota for development
Authors: Coon Kerri L. , Vogel Kevin J. , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractField studies indicate adult mosquitoes (Culicidae) host low diversity communities of bacteria that vary greatly among individuals and species. In contrast, it remains unclear how adult mosquitoes acquire their microbiome, what influences community structure, and whether the microbiome is important for survival. Here, we used pyrosequencing of 16S rRNAto characterize the bacterial communities of three mosquito species reared under identical conditions. Two of these species,Aedes aegyptiandAnopheles gambiae, are anautogenous and must blood‐feed to produce eggs, while one,Georgecraigius atropalpus, is autogenous and produces eggs without blood feeding. Each mosquito species contained a low diversity community comprised primarily of aerobic bacteria acquired from the aquatic habitat in which larvae developed. Our results suggested that the communities inAe. aegyptiandAn. gambiaelarvae share more similarities with one another than withG. atropalpus. Studies withAe. aegyptialso strongly suggested that adults transstadially acquired several members of the larval bacterial community, but only four genera of bacteria present in blood fed females were detected on eggs. Functional assays showed that axenic larvae of each species failed to develop beyond the first instar. Experiments withAe. aegyptiindicated several members of the microbial community andEscherichia colisuccessfully colonized axenic larvae and rescued development. Overall, our results provide new insights about the acquisition and structure of bacterial communities in mosquitoes. They also indicate that three mosquito species spanning the breadth of theCulicidae depend on their gut microbiome for development.
Gene expression in closely related species mirrors local adaptation: consequences for responses to a warming world
Authors: O'Neil Shawn T. , Dzurisin Jason D. K. , Williams Caroline M. , Lobo Neil F. , Higgins Jessica K. , Deines Jillian M. , Carmichael Rory D. , Zeng Erliang , Tan John C. , Wu Grace C. , Emrich Scott J. , Hellmann Jessica J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLocal adaptation of populations could preclude or slow range expansions in response to changing climate, particularly when dispersal is limited. To investigate the differential responses of populations to changing climatic conditions, we exposed poleward peripheral and central populations of two Lepidoptera to reciprocal, common‐garden climatic conditions and compared their whole‐transcriptome expression. We found evidence of simple population differentiation in both species, and in the species with previously identified population structure and phenotypic local adaptation, we found several hundred genes that responded in a synchronized and localized fashion. These genes were primarily involved in energy metabolism and oxidative stress, and expression levels were most divergent between populations in the same environment in which we previously detected divergence for metabolism. We found no localized genes in the species with less population structure and for which no local adaptation was previously detected. These results challenge the assumption that species are functionally similar across their ranges and poleward peripheral populations are preadapted to warmer conditions. Rather, some taxa deserve population‐level consideration when predicting the effects of climate change because they respond in genetically based, distinctive ways to changing conditions.
How adolescent Japanese girls arrive at human papilloma virus vaccination: A semistructured interview study
Authors: Wakimizu Rie , Nishigaki Kaori , Fujioka Hiroshi , Maehara Koji , Kuroki Haruo , Saito Tadashi , Uduki Katsuya 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe examined the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination process in adolescent Japanese girls, including protective and obstructive factors to develop and practice enlightenment activities and educational interventions for promoting HPV vaccination to adolescent Japanese girls and their families. We conducted semistructured interviews with 20 adolescent Japanese girls who lived in the wider Tokyo area. To analyze the interview data, we adopted the modified grounded‐theory approach. We identified three stages in the vaccination process: first encounter with cervical cancer and HPV vaccine, thoughts about vaccination, and adjustment with parents toward vaccination. The girls “knew” their knowledge and information on cervical cancer and the HPV vaccine from experts, parents, and friends, “considered and discussed” HPV vaccination in their own way or with parents, and “arranged” actual vaccination. This process was influenced by the promoting/obstructive factors in each stage. Healthcare providers should understand the experiences and feelings of adolescent girls who were confronted with HPV vaccination in the context of their vaccination process and conduct enlightenment activities to promote vaccination, keeping the promoting and obstructive factors suggested in this study in mind.
Awakening to the other: Reflections on developing intercultural competence through an undergraduate study tour
Authors: Stone Teresa E. , Francis Lyn , van der Riet Pamela , Dedkhard Saowapa , Junlapeeya Piyatida , Orwat Edith 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFor the past 4 years, undergraduate students from the Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia, have undertaken a two week cultural study tour in Thailand, being exposed to a broad range of cultural interactions, health settings in rural and remote areas, and health‐treatment approaches, including traditional and complementary therapies. Student evaluations and reflections were collected after the 2010 and 2011 study tours. This paper reports on findings following thematic analysis of the data, which identified central themes, including connectivity to others, “awakenings”, “embodiment”, and looking to the future. Findings included a recognition by students of a growth in awareness and change in perspective, which they felt would impact on their future approach in caring for patients from culturally‐ and linguistically‐diverse backgrounds. We conclude that the study tour provided an effective way of sensitizing students to cultural differences and promoting cross‐cultural awareness.
Randomized clinical trial: rikkunshito in the treatment of functional dyspepsia—a multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Suzuki H. , Matsuzaki J. , Fukushima Y. , Suzaki F. , Kasugai K. , Nishizawa T. , Naito Y. , Hayakawa T. , Kamiya T. , Andoh T. , Yoshida H. , Tokura Y. , Nagata H. , Kobayakawa M. , Mori M. , Kato K. , Hosoda H. , Takebayashi T. , Miura S. , Uemura N. , Joh T. , Hibi T. , Tack J. ,   Rikkunshito study group
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundRikkunshito, a standardized Japanese herbal medicine, is thought to accelerate gastric emptying and relieve dyspepsia, although no large‐scale, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of rikkunshito have been conducted. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of rikkunshito for treating functional dyspepsia (FD).MethodsFD patients received 2.5 g rikkunshito or placebo three times a day for 8 weeks in this multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial. The primary end point was the proportion of responders at 8 weeks after starting test drug, determined by global patient assessment (GPA). The improvement in four major dyspepsia symptoms severity scale was also evaluated. In addition, plasma ghrelin levels were investigated before and after treatment.Key ResultsTwo hundred forty‐seven patients were randomly assigned. In the eighth week, the rikkunshito group had more GPA responders (33.6%) than the placebo (23.8%), although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09). Epigastric pain was significantly improved (p = 0.04) and postprandial fullness tended to improve (p = 0.06) in the rikkunshito group at week 8. Rikkunshito was relatively more effective among Helicobacter pylori‐infected participants (rikkunshito: 40.0% vs placebo: 20.5%, p = 0.07), and seemed less effective among H. pylori‐uninfected participants (rikkunshito: 29.3% vs placebo: 25.6%, p = 0.72). Among H. pylori‐positive individuals, acyl ghrelin levels were improved just in rikkunshito group. There were no severe adverse events in both groups.Conclusions & InferencesAdministration of rikkunshito for 8 weeks reduced dyspepsia, particularly symptoms of epigastric pain and postprandial fullness. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, Number UMIN000003954).
Investment Frictions and the Aggregate Output Loss in China
Authors: Wu Guiying Laura 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvestment frictions reduce, delay or protract investment expenditure that is necessary for firms to capture growth opportunities. Using a capital adjustment costs framework, this article estimates the gap between China's actual and frictionless aggregate output. It applies the method of simulated moments to a fully structural investment model on a panel of Chinese firms and takes into account potential unobserved heterogeneities and measurement error in the data. The estimated capital adjustment costs imply that if Chinese firms had faced a lower level of adjustment costs such as in the US, China's aggregate output would be 25% higher.
Acupuncture for Acute Postoperative Pain after Back Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Cho Young‐Hun , Kim Chang‐Kyu , Heo Kwang‐Ho , Lee Myeong Soo , Ha In‐Hyuk , Son Dong Wuk , Choi Byung Kwan , Song Geun‐Sung , Shin Byung‐Cheul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesAcupuncture is commonly used as a complimentary treatment for pain management. However, there has been no systematic review summarizing the current evidence concerning the effectiveness of acupuncture for acute postoperative pain after back surgery. This systematic review aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for acute postoperative pain (≤1 week) after back surgery.MethodsWe searched 15 electronic databases without language restrictions. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility and extracted data, outcomes, and risk of bias. Random effect meta‐analyses and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsFive trials, including 3 of high quality, met our inclusion criteria. The meta‐analysis showed positive results for acupuncture treatment of pain after surgery in terms of the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain intensity 24 hours after surgery, when compared to sham acupuncture (standard mean difference −0.67 (−1.04 to −0.31), P = 0.0003), whereas the other meta‐analysis did not show a positive effect of acupuncture on 24‐hour opiate demands when compared to sham acupuncture (standard mean difference −0.23 (−0.58 to 0.13), P = 0.21).ConclusionOur systematic review finds encouraging but limited evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment for acute postoperative pain after back surgery. Further rigorously designed clinical trials are required.
A novel crop water analysis system: identification of water stress tolerant genotypes of canola (Brassica napus L.) using non‐invasive magnetic turgor pressure probes
Authors: Kant Surya , Burch David , Ehrenberger Wilhelm , Bitter Rebecca , Rüger Simon , Mason John , Zimmermann Ulrich , Spangenberg German 
Published: April 2014

AbstractChanging global climatic conditions and irrigation water shortages impose water stress conditions on crops. To develop genotypes tolerant to water stress necessitates reliable high‐throughput methods to study plant water status and water stress tolerance mechanisms. We report the use of a non‐destructive, automated, precise and rapid system for assessing real‐time water status in canola plants. Leaf patch clamp pressure probes were clamped on the leaves of four different genotypes of canola grown under field conditions. The data generated diurnal curves characterizing the pattern of turgor pressure maintenance within the leaves. A novel methodology termed ‘inverse hysteresis’ was developed to measure relative water stress levels in plants using the probe‐derived data. The inverse hysteresis data show that genotypes CT12 and CT15 had a higher ability to withstand water stress and were more tolerant to water stress than DS23 and DS35. The chlorophyll content and seed yield were also higher in CT12 and CT15. This novel analytical tool for monitoring water status in canola plants will be of great benefit in other crop species to efficiently screen genotypes for water stress tolerance.
Hydrogen peroxide mediates abscisic acid‐induced HSP70 accumulation and heat tolerance in grafted cucumber plants
Authors: LI HAO , LIU SHAN‐SHAN , YI CHANG‐YU , WANG FENG , ZHOU JIE , XIA XIAO‐JIAN , SHI KAI , ZHOU YAN‐HONG , YU JING‐QUAN 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRoot–shoot communications play important roles in plant stress responses. Here, we examined the roles of root‐sourced signals in the shoot response to heat in cucumber plants. Cucumber plants grafted onto their own roots and luffa roots were exposed to aerial and root‐zone heat to examine their tolerance by assessing the levels of oxidative stress, PSII photoinhibition, accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA), H2O2 and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 using immunoblotting, chlorophyll fluorescence, immunoassay, CeCl3 staining and Western blotting, respectively. Grafting onto the luffa rootstock enhanced the shoot tolerance to the heat. This enhanced tolerance was associated with increased accumulation of ABA and apoplastic H2O2, RBOH transcripts and HSP70 expression and a decrease in oxidative stress in the shoots. The increases in the ABA and H2O2 concentrations in the shoots were attributed to an increase in ABA transport from roots and an increase in ABA biosynthesis in the shoots when the root‐zone and shoots were heat stressed, respectively. Inhibition of H2O2 accumulation compromised luffa rootstock‐induced HSP70 expression and heat tolerance. These results suggest that, under heat stress, ABA triggers the expression of HSP70 in an apoplastic H2O2‐dependent manner, implicating the role of an ABA‐dependent H2O2‐driven mechanism in a systemic response involving root–shoot communication.
Young Women's Reasons to Seek Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening
Authors: Backonja Uba , Royer Heather R. , Lauver Diane R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo describe young women's reasons to seek and not to seek sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening; to explore whether reasons differed by age and STI screening history.Design and SampleCross‐sectional, descriptive. Female students (N = 216) at a university in the Midwestern United States.MeasuresAn anonymous online survey was designed based on the Theory of Care Seeking Behavior and literature regarding STI screening among young women.ResultsThe most common reason to seek STI screening was to start treatment promptly (85%); the most common reason not to seek screening was being asymptomatic (54%). Participants' reasons differed by age and screening history. Women under 25 were more likely than women 25 and older to seek screening because of encouragement from female role models (p < .01). Women who had never been screened were more likely than women who had been screened to avoid screening because of embarrassment (p < .05). Novel findings included seeking STI screening because it “should be done” if sexually active and because of encouragement from female role models.ConclusionsHealth care and public health professionals can use these findings to develop strategies to improve STI screening rates among young women.
Cruise Ships and Bush Medicine: Globalization on the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua and Effects on the Health of Creole Women
Authors: Mitchell Emma McKim , Steeves Richard , Dillingham Rebecca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectivesGlobal health research into the relationship between health, economic inequalities, and globalization is necessary to address increasing health disparities in low income countries. Nicaragua has high levels of poverty and extreme poverty when compared with other Central and South American Countries.Design and SamplePhotovoice and ethnographic research methods were used to explore health experiences of Creole women in Bluefields, Nicaragua and the intersections between culture, socioeconomic status, and gender. Twelve Creole women participants, ages 18–45.MeasuresAfter initial focus groups, participants used disposable cameras to document health experiences. Follow‐up interviews were conducted about the meaning of each photo. Participants then selected photos to be included in a city‐wide photoshow.ResultsIn initial focus groups, participants described great distress over changes they perceived in Creole culture and how these changes affect the health of the next generation. Participants related most of these changes to the economy and globalization. Photos taken were primarily of aspects of Creole culture, including household practices and traditional remedies from Creole culture.ConclusionsFindings on the relationships between culture, disease, and community‐identified health risks in this minority population can help health care providers and public health policymakers develop and sustain culturally appropriate health interventions.
Body Image and Body Change Strategies Within Friendship Dyads and Groups: Implications for Adolescent Appearance‐based Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Webb Haley J. , Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAppearance‐based rejection sensitivity (appearance‐RS) consists of concerns about, and expectations of, rejection because of one's appearance (Park). This study examined dyadic‐ and group‐level friendship characteristics as correlates of early adolescents' appearance‐RS. Using subgroups of an initial sample of 380 participants, appearance‐RS was examined within best friend relationships (N = 132, Mage = 13.84) and friendship groups (N = 186, Mage = 13.83). Overall, best friends were similar in their appearance‐RS, body dissatisfaction, restrictive dieting, appearance‐conditional self‐worth, appearance values, and self‐rated attractiveness. Similarities between individuals and their friendship groups were consistent with the findings for dyads, except for self‐rated attractiveness and dieting. Appearance‐RS was higher in adolescents whose best friends and friendship groups reported greater restrictive dieting and appearance‐conditional self‐worth. In general, associations did not differ for boys and girls, but having a higher proportion of boys in the friendship group was associated with lowered appearance concerns.
Number of Children Placed Outside the Home as an Indicator – Social and Moral Implications of Commensuration
Authors: Alastalo Marja , Pösö Tarja 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe article explores what goes into one particular child indicator – children placed outside their home – and how it makes its object of description knowable and governable. This indicator is widely used in the making of social policy as a follow‐up and performance indicator and is applied also in social research, including cross‐national comparisons, to recognize problems and their scope, especially with reference to child welfare. The indicator is analyzed as an instance of commensuration. Commensuration produces depersonalized, public forms of knowledge that are often deemed superior to private, particularistic forms of knowledge. The work demonstrates how the category of out‐of‐home placement comes into being in a process wherein the particular knowledge of social workers in child welfare agencies is transformed into the macro‐social knowledge embodied in the national register and, eventually, incorporated into the indicator. Hence this commensurative process renders differences as magnitude. The empirical case examined is theFinnish child indicator. The commensuration of children placed outside the home has several consequences, which shape both child protection as a social phenomenon and the understanding that the policy measures appear to require. In addition, some suggestions are made for the concrete development of the indicator.
Are Uniqueness and Deducibility of Identicals the Same?
Authors: Naibo Alberto , Petrolo Mattia 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA comparison is given between two conditions used to define logical constants:Belnap's uniqueness andHacking's deducibility of identicals. It is shown that, in spite of some surface similarities, there is a deep difference between them. On the one hand, deducibility of identicals turns out to be a weaker and less demanding condition than uniqueness. On the other hand, deducibility of identicals is shown to be more faithful to the inferentialist perspective, permitting definition of genuinely proof‐theoretical concepts. This kind of analysis is driven by exploiting theCurry–Howard correspondence. In particular, deducibility of identicals is shown to correspond to the computational property of eta expansion, which is essential in the characterization of propositional identity.
An epidemiologic cohort study reviewing the practice of blood product transfusions among a population of pediatric oncology patients
Authors: Lieberman Lani , Liu Yang , Portwine Carol , Barty Rebecca L. , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundDespite the high utilization of blood products by pediatric oncology patients, literature in this population remains scarce. The primary objective of this study was to assess red blood cell (RBC) and platelet (PLT) utilization rates and transfusion thresholds in pediatric oncology patients. The secondary objective was to describe transfusion‐related complications including RBC alloantibody development and transfusion reactions.Study Design and MethodsThis epidemiologic cohort study involved pediatric oncology patients at a Canadian academic children's hospital between April 2002 and December 2011. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and transfusion variables were collected from the Transfusion Registry for Utilization Statistics and Tracking database, a large database that captures more than 50 demographic and clinical variables as well as comprehensive transfusion information and laboratory test results.ResultsOf 647 pediatric oncology patients, 430 (66%) received a RBC or PLT transfusion or both during this time period. The median transfusion threshold before a RBC and PLT transfusion was a hemoglobin (Hb) value of 72 g/L (interquartile range [IQR], 68‐76 g/L) and a PLT count of 16 × 109/L (IQR, 10 × 109‐23 × 109/L), respectively. Ninety‐two percent of the issued RBC and PLT products (7507/8154) were cytomegalovirus negative and 90% were irradiated (7299/8154). RBC alloantibody development and transfusion reactions were reported infrequently in 0.5% (2/423) and 4.5% (8/179) of the patients, respectively.ConclusionThis study assessed utilization rates, transfusion thresholds, alloantibody development, and transfusion reactions in pediatric oncology patients. The descriptive results from this epidemiologic study provide baseline information to generate hypotheses to be tested in future interventional studies.