bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased LINGO1 in the cerebellum of essential tremor patients
Authors: Delay Charlotte , Tremblay Cyntia , Brochu Elodie , Paris‐Robidas Sarah , Emond Vincent , Rajput Ali H. , Rajput Alex , Calon Frédéric 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTEssential tremor (ET) is the most prevalent adult‐onset movement disorder. Despite its health burden, no clear pathognomonic sign has been identified to date because of the rarity of clinicopathological studies. Moreover, treatment options are still scarce and have not significantly changed in the last 30 years, underscoring the urgent need to develop new treatment avenues. In the recent years, leucine‐rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain‐containing Nogo receptor‐interacting proteins 1 and 2 (LINGO1 and LINGO2, respectively) have been increasingly regarded as possible ET modulators due to emerging genetic association studies linking LINGO with ET. We have investigated LINGO protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the cerebellum of patients with ET, patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and a control group using Western immunoblotting and in situ hybridization. Protein levels of LINGO1, but not LINGO2, were significantly increased in the cerebellar cortex of ET patients compared with controls, particularly in individuals with longer disease duration. Compared with controls, LINGO1 protein levels were increased in the cerebellar white matter of PD and ET patients but, for the latter, only when disease duration exceeded 20 years. However, no alteration in LINGO1 mRNA was observed between groups in either the cerebellar cortex or the white matter. We observed alterations in LINGO expression in diseased brain that seemed to progress along with the disease, being initiated in the cerebellar cortex before reaching the white matter. Because LINGO up‐regulation has been identified as a potential pathological response to ongoing neurodegenerative processes, the present data suggest that LINGO1 is a potential drug target for ET. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A phase 2 trial of the GSK‐3 inhibitor tideglusib in progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Tolosa Eduardo , Litvan Irene , Höglinger Günter U. , Burn David , Lees Andrew , Andrés María V. , Gómez‐Carrillo Belén , León Teresa , del Ser Teodoro ,   for the TAUROS Investigators
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIt is believed that glycogen synthase kinase‐3 (GSK‐3) hyperphosphorylates tau protein in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The Tau Restoration on PSP (TAUROS) study was a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial to assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tideglusib, a GSK‐3 inhibitor, as potential treatment for PSP. The study enrolled 146 PSP patients with mild‐to‐moderate disease who were randomized to receive once‐daily 600 mg tideglusib, 800 mg tideglusib, or placebo (ratio, 2:2:1) administered orally over 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to week 52 on the PSP rating scale. Secondary endpoints were safety and tolerability of tideglusib, changes in motor function (the Timed Up and Go Test), cognition (Dementia Rating Scale‐2, Frontal Assessment Battery, verbal fluency), apathy (Starkstein scale), activities of daily living (Schwab and England scale; Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part II), quality of life (EuroQol), and Global Clinical Assessment. Brain atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging and several biomarkers in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid also were examined. No significant differences were detected in the primary or secondary endpoints at week 52 between placebo and either dose of tideglusib. Tideglusib was safe, with the exception of some asymptomatic, transient, and reversible transaminase elevations (mainly alanine aminotransferase) in 9% of patients, and diarrhea in 13% of patients. Tideglusib was generally well tolerated but it did not show clinical efficacy in patients with mild‐to‐moderate PSP. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Blinking in patients with clinically probable multiple system atrophy
Authors: Bologna Matteo , Marsili Luca , Khan Nashaba , Parvez Ahmad Khandker , Paparella Giulia , Modugno Nicola , Colosimo Carlo , Fabbrini Giovanni , Berardelli Alfredo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical studies in patients with MSA document facial motor abnormalities, but no studies have objectively assessed blinking abnormalities in this condition.MethodsWe enrolled patients diagnosed as having clinically probable MSA, 20 patients of the parkinsonian phenotype (MSA‐P) and 10 patients of the cerebellar phenotype (MSA‐C) and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Blinking was recorded with a three‐dimensional optoelectronic motion system equipped with dedicated software for data analysis.ResultsDuring voluntary blinking, the interphase pause duration between the closing and opening phases lasted longer in MSA‐P and in MSA‐C patients than in HCs; the opening phase had increased duration and reduced peak velocity in MSA‐P. During reflex blinking, the opening blink phase also lasted longer in MSA‐P patients than in HCs. During spontaneous blinking, the rate and kinematics of the closing and opening blinking phases were lower in MSA‐P and in MSA‐C patients than in HCs. Blink reflex recovery was higher in patients than in HCs. No difference was found between MSA‐P patients receiving or not receiving dopaminergic medication.ConclusionsOur objective assessment of upper facial movement documents abnormalities of voluntary, spontaneous, and reflex blinking in patients with MSA‐P and MSA‐C, reflecting cortical‐basal ganglia and brainstem dysfunction. © 2014 Movement Disorder Society
The effect of deep brain stimulation randomized by site on balance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: St George Rebecca J. , Carlson‐Kuhta Patricia , Nutt John G. , Hogarth Penelope , Burchiel Kim J. , Horak Fay B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe effect of the surgical site of DBS on balance and gait in Parkinson's Disease (PD) is uncertain. This is the first double‐blind study of subjects randomized to either the STN (N = 14) or GPi (N = 14) who were assessed on a range of clinical balance measures.MethodsBalance testing occurred before and 6 months postsurgery. A control PD group was tested over the same period without surgery (N = 9). All subjects were tested on and off medication and DBS subjects were also tested on and off DBS. The Postural Instability and Gait Disability items of the UPDRS and additional functional tests, which we call the Balance and Gait scale, were assessed. Activities of Balance Confidence and Activities of Daily Living questionnaires were also recorded.ResultsBalance was not different between the best‐treated states before and after DBS surgery for both sites. Switching DBS on improved balance scores, and scores further improved with medication, compared to the off state. The GPi group showed improved performance in the postsurgery off state and better ratings of balance confidence after surgery, compared to the STN group.ConclusionsClinical measures of balance function for both the STN and GPi sites showed that balance did not improve beyond the best medically treated state before surgery. Both clinical balance testing in the off/off state and self‐reported balance confidence after surgery showed better performance in the GPi than the STN group. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
In vivo double quantum filtered sodium magnetic resonance imaging of human brain
Authors: Tsang Adrian , Stobbe Robert W. , Beaulieu Christian 
Published: February 2014

PurposeSodium signal from ordered environments can be selectively detected using a double‐quantum magic angle (DQ‐MA) sequence. This study presents the first DQ‐MA sodium images of the human brain and evaluates the effect of preparation time (τ) on the signal.Theory and MethodsThree phantoms of saline, agar gel, and xanthan gum were used to test the correct functioning of the DQ‐MA sequence. Five healthy volunteers were imaged using DQ‐MA with varying τ to determine the optimal preparation time. DQ‐MA images were acquired with 1 or 2 averages and nominal resolution of 15 mm isotropic in 3.5 or 7 min, respectively. In addition, higher nominal resolution (8.4 mm isotropic) DQ‐MA images were acquired from another subject in 48 min. Post hoc simulations were performed to explain the effect of τ on imaging results.ResultsThe DQ‐MA sequence generates signal from only the xanthan gum phantom, correctly suppressing signal from environments in which the time‐averaged quadrupolar interaction is expected to be zero (saline, agar). This sequence generates signal throughout the brain with maximum detection when τ = 3 ms.ConclusionThe existence of DQ‐MA signal in the human brain indicates the presence of sodium nuclei in ordered environments and provides a novel contrast mechanism. Magn Reson Med 73:497–504, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Securing a border under asymmetric information
Authors: Sullivan Kelly M. , Morton David P. , Pan Feng , Cole Smith J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe study a stochastic interdiction model of Morton et al. IIE Transactions, 39 (2007):3–14 that locates radiation sensors at border crossings to detect and prevent the smuggling of nuclear material. In this model, an interdictor places sensors at customs checkpoints to minimize a potential smuggler's maximum probability of crossing a border undetected. We focus on a model variant in which the interdictor has different, and likely more accurate, perceptions of the system's parameters than the smuggler does. We introduce a model that is tighter and uses fewer constraints than that of Morton et al. We also develop a class of valid inequalities along with a corresponding separation procedure that can be used within a cutting‐plane approach to reduce computational effort. Computational results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.Copyright © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 91–100, 2014
Reduction of Non‐adherent Behaviour in a Mexican‐American Adolescent with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Piven Emily , Duran Rene 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis single‐subject research aimed to evaluate the effect of occupation‐based activities to improve diabetes self‐management skills in a non‐adherent 19‐year‐old Mexican‐American adolescent transitioning to young adulthood. Using a pre‐test/post‐test design, the subject's performance was re‐evaluated with five standardized measures following an 8‐week intervention. The subject made major improvements on the Diabetes Self‐Efficacy Scale, Exercise Behaviour and in goal attainment of targeted behaviours on the basis of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. The Adapted Intrusiveness Rating Scale and the Social/Role Activities Limitations Scale revealed increased intrusiveness of diabetes in his life, once he finally embraced his need to prioritize diabetes self‐care. The study illuminated how a culturally sensitive, occupation‐based early intervention might potentially prevent or reduce debilitating complications in adulthood. The value of this study is its contribution to body of diabetes literature on the role of occupational therapist in secondary prevention with Mexican‐Americans. Research suggestions included expansion of single‐subject design with larger samples and higher‐level research studies with adolescents from various cultural backgrounds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of advanced p‐PERL and n‐PERT large area silicon solar cells with 20.5% energy conversion efficiencies
Authors: Tous L. , Aleman M. , Russell R. , Cornagliotti E. , Choulat P. , Uruena A. , Singh S. , John J. , Duerinckx F. , Poortmans J. , Mertens R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we evaluate p‐type passivated emitter and rear locally diffused (p‐PERL) and n‐type passivated emitter and rear totally diffused (n‐PERT) large area silicon solar cells featuring nickel/copper/silver (Ni/Cu/Ag) plated front side contacts. By using front emitter p‐PERL and rear emitter n‐PERT, both cell structures can be produced with only a few adaptations in the entire process sequence because both feature the same front side design: homogeneous n+ diffused region with low surface concentration, SiO2/SiNx:H passivation, Ni/Cu/Ag plated contacts. Energy conversion efficiencies up to 20.5% (externally confirmed at FhG‐ISE Callab) are presented for both cell structures on large area cells together with power‐loss analysis and potential efficiency improvements based on PC1D simulations. We demonstrate that the use of a rear emitter n‐PERT cell design with Ni/Cu/Ag plated front side contacts enables to reach open‐circuit voltage values up to 676 mV on 1–2 Ω cm n‐type CZ Si. We show that rear emitter n‐PERT cells present the potential for energy conversion efficiencies above 21.5% together with a strong tolerance to wafer thickness and bulk resistivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband enhancement of coaxial heterogeneous gallium arsenide single‐nanowire solar cells
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Zhan Yaohui , Wang Chinhua 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCoaxial gallium arsenide single‐nanowire solar cells with multiple electrically and optically functional nanoshells are presented in this paper. Both optical absorption and light‐conversion characteristics are extensively examined by performing a comprehensive device‐oriented simulation. It is found that a window layer with a large semiconductor bandgap is necessary for the nanowire gallium arsenide solar cells, which allow internal quantum efficiency ~100% in ~75% of the absorption band of gallium arsenide. Results also reveal the role of nanofocusing effect in enhancing the performance of nanowire devices that show both absorption and external quantum efficiencies over 100% under resonances. A dielectric cladding shell is introduced and optimized, which enhances the nanofocusing effect and leads to extraordinary enhancement of both absorption and light‐conversion capabilities in a very broad band. This design contributes a short‐circuit current density increased by 2.4 times and an open‐circuit voltage over 1.1 V. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global identification of O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) interactors by a human proteome microarray and the construction of an OGT interactome
Authors: Deng Rui‐Ping , He Xiang , Guo Shu‐Juan , Liu Wei‐Feng , Tao Yong , Tao Sheng‐Ce 
Published: February 2014

O‐Linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAcylation) is an important protein PTM, which is very abundant in mammalian cells. O‐GlcNAcylation is catalyzed by O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT), whose substrate specificity is believed to be regulated through interactions with other proteins. There are a handful of known human OGT interactors, which is far from enough for fully elucidating the substrate specificity of OGT. To address this challenge, we used a human proteome microarray containing ∼17 000 affinity‐purified human proteins to globally identify OGT interactors and identified 25 OGT‐binding proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these interacting proteins play a variety of roles in a wide range of cellular functions and are highly enriched in intra‐Golgi vesicle‐mediated transport and vitamin biosynthetic processes. Combining newly identified OGT interactors with the interactors identified prior to this study, we have constructed the first OGT interactome. Bioinformatics analysis suggests that the OGT interactome plays important roles in protein transportation/localization and transcriptional regulation. The novel OGT interactors that we identified in this study could serve as a starting point for further functional analysis. Because of its high‐throughput and parallel analysis capability, we strongly believe that protein microarrays could be easily applied for the global identification of regulators for other key enzymes.
The effect of water content on chain dynamics in nafion membranes measured by neutron spin echo and dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Page Kirt A. , Rowe Brandon W. , Masser Kevin A. , Faraone Antonio 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTNeutron spin‐echo spectroscopy has been used to measure the time‐scale of fluctuations associated with the inter‐chain correlation peak observed in the diffraction pattern of the perfluorosulfonate ionomer, Nafion®. We have successfully measured the chain dynamics as a function of water content and temperature and have demonstrated that the chain dynamics become faster with increasing temperature. The addition of water also results in shorter relaxation times due to a plasticization of the chain motions. At water contents above aλ≈ 6, the chain dynamics seem to approach a plateau and the relaxation times of the chains are no longer being plasticized by the presence of additional water molecules. The increased mobility in molecular relaxations induced by the presence of water points to the molecular origins of the temperature‐ and humidity‐dependent softening mechanisms in Nafion and other perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane materials. Moreover, these results show that there is a strong inter‐dependence of the dynamics of water and the polymer chains in Nafion membranes. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym.2014,52, 624–632
Navigating healthcare: a qualitative study exploring prostate cancer patients' and doctors' experience of consultations using a decision‐support intervention
Authors: Hacking B. , Scott S. E. , Wallace L. M. , Shepherd S. C. , Belkora J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundMen with prostate cancer face preference‐sensitive decisions when choosing among treatments with similar survival outcomes but different procedures, risks and potential complications. A decision‐support intervention, ‘Decision Navigation’ assists men with prostate cancer to prepare a question list (consultation plan) for their doctors and provides them with a consultation summary and audio recording. A randomised controlled trial of Decision Navigation showed advantages over usual care on quantitative measures including confidence in decision‐making and regret.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to gain a qualitative understanding of patient's and doctor's perspectives on Decision Navigation.MethodsSix patients who received Decision Navigation were purposively selected for interview out of 62 randomised controlled trial participants. All four doctors who consulted Navigated patients were interviewed. Interview data was analysed using framework analysis.ResultsPatients reported that planning for the consultation helped them to frame their questions, enabling them to participate in consultations and take responsibility for making decisions. They reported feeling more confident in the decisions made, having a written report of the key information and an audio recording. Patients considered routine information relating to side effects was inadequate. Doctors reported that consultation plans made them aware of patients' concerns and ensured comprehensive responses to questions posed. Doctors also endorsed implementing Decision Navigation as part of routine care.ConclusionResults suggest that Decision Navigation facilitated patients' involvement in treatment decision‐making. Prostate patients engaging in preference‐sensitive decision‐making welcomed this approach to personalised tailored support. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attachment style and respiratory sinus arrhythmia predict post‐treatment quality of life in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Fagundes Christopher P. , Jaremka Lisa M. , Malarkey William B. , Kiecolt‐Glaser Janice K. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveBreast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor among women in the industrialized world. The vast majority of these tumors can now be successfully treated. A subset of breast cancer survivors report quality of life (QOL) difficulties well after treatment is completed. The current study examined how individual differences in attachment style and self‐regulatory capacity (as indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)) were associated QOL among post‐treatment breast cancer survivors.MethodsWomen who had completed treatment for stage 0–IIIA breast cancer within the past 2 years participated in the study (N = 96). RSA was assessed using electrocardiography data that was continuously measured non‐invasively for 10 min. Attachment orientation was measured using a modified version of the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale and overall QOL by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast scale.ResultsBreast cancer survivors with more attachment anxiety reported poorer QOL than those with less attachment anxiety. Women who were more avoidantly attached also reported poorer QOL compared with those who were less avoidantly attached. Furthermore, attachment avoidance interacted with RSA to predict QOL such that those with higher attachment avoidance were only vulnerable to poorer QOL if they also had lower self‐regulatory capacity, as indexed by lower RSA.ConclusionA better understanding of how attachment style and RSA contribute to breast cancer survivors QOL will help identify people at risk for QOL problems after treatment completion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advantages of proteins being disordered
Authors: Liu Zhirong , Huang Yongqi 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed great advances in our understanding of protein structure‐function relationships in terms of the ubiquitous existence of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). The structural disorder of IDPs/IDRs enables them to play essential functions that are complementary to those of ordered proteins. In addition, IDPs/IDRs are persistent in evolution. Therefore, they are expected to possess some advantages over ordered proteins. In this review, we summarize and survey nine possible advantages of IDPs/IDRs: economizing genome/protein resources, overcoming steric restrictions in binding, achieving high specificity with low affinity, increasing binding rate, facilitating posttranslational modifications, enabling flexible linkers, preventing aggregation, providing resistance to non‐native conditions, and allowing compatibility with more available sequences. Some potential advantages of IDPs/IDRs are not well understood and require both experimental and theoretical approaches to decipher. The connection with protein design is also briefly discussed.
Highly sensitive magnetometer based on the off‐diagonal GMI effect in Co‐rich glass‐coated microwire
Authors: Gudoshnikov Sergey , Usov Nikolai , Nozdrin Alexey , Ipatov Mihail , Zhukov Arcady , Zhukova Valentina 
Published: February 2014

The design and performance of a magnetometer based on the off‐diagonal GMI effect in Co‐rich glass‐coated microwire are presented. The sensing element of the magnetometer is a 10‐mm long piece of Co–Fe–Ni–B–Si–Mo microwire with a small pick‐up coil of 85 turns wounded around the microwire. The electronics with a feedback circuit is used to register an electromotive force proportional to the external magnetic field applied along the wire axis. In the absence of the feedback current the magnetometer is capable of measuring a narrow range of magnetic fields, ±3.5 μT, in the frequency range of 0–1 kHz, the level of the equivalent magnetic noise being about 10 pT Hz−1/2 at a frequency of 300 Hz. The use of the feedback circuit increases the range of the measured magnetic fields up to ±250 μT. Photo of the giant magnetoimpedance magnetometer based on the off‐diagonal GMI effect in Co‐rich glass‐coated microwire.