bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervicothoracic Arachnoid Cyst Causing Cervical Myelopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Kizilay Zahir , Yilmaz Ali , Ozkul Ayca , Ismailoglu Ozgur 
Published: February 2015

Several types of intraspinal cyst develop within the spinal canal from the craniovertebral junction to the sacrum. These lesions occur in both children and adults. Arachnoid cysts are one of them and are more frequent in the paediatric population, being a relatively uncommon lesion in adults. The arachnoid cyst may be located intradurally or extradurally. The intradural type may be congenital or from spinal trauma, infection or spondylosis. Although intradural arachnoid cysts are often asymptomatic, they may give early symptoms when they exist with synchronous pathologies constricting the spinal canal gradually as in cervical spondylosis.Â In this report, a 60-year-old man with an arachnoid cyst of the cervicothoracic spine is presented. His cyst remained undiagnosed because of the nonspecific nature of the symptoms. It was only when he developed right hemiparesis that a posterior fluid collection compressing the spinal cord was found in Magnetic resonance imaginig. An intradural extramedullary cyst was removed with successful surgery and cord compression and symptoms were reversed. We discuss radiological diagnosis and surgical treatment of an arachnoid cyst in this report.
Klebsiella Pneumoniae in Septicemic Neonates with Special Reference to Extended Spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, Metallo β-lactamase Production and Multiple Drug Resistance in Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gajul Shivali V , Mohite Shivajirao T , Mangalgi Smita S , Wavare Sanjay M , Kakade Satish V 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: β-lactamases viz., extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and metallo β-lactamase (MBL) production in Klebsiella pneumoniae has led to a serious concern about septicemic neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Units due to high resistance against commonly used antimicrobials
Purpose:To study the prevalence of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production in K. pneumoniae isolates in neonatal septicemia, to check antimicrobial susceptibility to various drugs including tigecycline; and to assess burden of multiple drug resistance (MDR).
Materials and Methods: Total 24 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae isolated from 318 blood samples of suspected cases of neonatal septicemia were studied. Isolates were screened for ESBL, AmpC, and MBL production by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) disk method, AmpC cefoxitin screen, and imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime disk screen respectively; and confirmation was done by CLSI phenotypic disk confirmatory test, AmpC sterile disk method, and imipenem ethylenediamine tetracetic acid double disk synergy test respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion method. Efficacy of tigecycline was evaluated using United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines.
Results: Of the 24 K. pneumoniae isolates, co-production of AmpC + MBL was found in more number of isolates (67%) (P < 0.0001) compared to single enzyme production (ESBL and MBL 8% both, AmpC 12.5%). Rate of resistance for penicillins and cephalosporins was highest. Susceptibility was more for imipenem, co-trimoxazole, and meropenem. Nonsusceptibility to tigecycline was low (21%). A total of 23 (96%) isolates were MDR.
Conclusions: Routine detection of ESBL, AmpC, and MBL is required in laboratories. Carbapenems should be kept as a last resort drugs. Trend of tigecycline susceptibility has been noted in the study. Continued monitoring of susceptibility pattern is necessary to detect true burden of resistance for proper management.
Affine Actions of Uq(sl(2)) on Polynomial Rings
Authors: Bergen Jeffrey 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe classify the affine actions of Uq(sl(2)) on commutative polynomial rings in m ≥ 1 variables. We show that, up to scalar multiplication, there are two possible actions. In addition, for each action, the subring of invariants is a polynomial ring in either m or m−1 variables, depending upon whether q is or is not a root of 1.
Enhancing Postmarketing Surveillance of Medical Products With Large Language Models
Authors: Matheny Michael E. , Yang Jie , Smith Joshua C. , Walsh Colin G. , Al-Garadi Mohammed A. , Davis Sharon E. , Marsolo Keith A. , Fabbri Daniel , Reeves Ruth R. , Johnson Kevin B. , Dal Pan Gerald J. , Ball Robert , Desai Rishi J. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe Sentinel System is a key component of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) postmarketing safety surveillance commitment and uses clinical health care data to conduct analyses to inform drug labeling and safety communications, FDA advisory committee meetings, and other regulatory decisions. However, observational data are frequently deemed insufficient for reliable evaluation of safety concerns owing to limitations in underlying data or methodology. Advances in large language models (LLMs) provide new opportunities to address some of these limitations. However, careful consideration is necessary for how and where LLMs can be effectively deployed for these purposes.ObservationsLLMs may provide new avenues to support signal-identification activities to identify novel adverse event signals from narrative text of electronic health records. These algorithms may be used to support epidemiologic investigations examining the causal relationship between exposure to a medical product and an adverse event through development of probabilistic phenotyping of health outcomes of interest and extraction of information related to important confounding factors. LLMs may perform like traditional natural language processing tools by annotating text with controlled vocabularies with additional tailored training activities. LLMs offer opportunities for enhancing information extraction from adverse event reports, medical literature, and other biomedical knowledge sources. There are several challenges that must be considered when leveraging LLMs for postmarket surveillance. Prompt engineering is needed to ensure that LLM-extracted associations are accurate and specific. LLMs require extensive infrastructure to use, which many health care systems lack, and this can impact diversity, equity, and inclusion, and result in obscuring significant adverse event patterns in some populations. LLMs are known to generate nonfactual statements, which could lead to false positive signals and downstream evaluation activities by the FDA and other entities, incurring substantial cost.Conclusions and RelevanceLLMs represent a novel paradigm that may facilitate generation of information to support medical product postmarket surveillance activities that have not been possible. However, additional work is required to ensure LLMs can be used in a fair and equitable manner, minimize false positive findings, and support the necessary rigor of signal detection needed for regulatory activities.
Role of Tailoring Exciplex‐Forming Cohosts in the Longevity of Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Lee Kyung Hyung , Jo Unhyeok , Kim Jae‐Min , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough exciplex hosts have been used to enhance the operational lifetime of blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes, their detailed design rule has not been established because of their unresolved degradation. In this work, the underlying mechanisms involved in device degradation are investigated, focusing on the tailor‐tuning effect of the exciplex host to maximize the device's lifetime with a given phosphorescent dopant. Analysis of trap dynamics shows that the stability improvement caused by adding an electron‐donating unit to the N‐type host does not originate from the stable positive polaron state. It is found that the exciplex host modified with minor substituents opens extra pathways for polaron transport and exciton generation rather than chemical stability, resulting in the spatial dispersion of polarons and excitons. The dispersion of excitons and polarons, in turn, enhances the recombination coefficient and suppresses exciton–exciton and exciton–polaron bimolecular interactions, enabling further improved device stability. With comprehensive analysis, a perspective on the role of the host in the degradation mechanism is presented.
Efficient Deep‐Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on a Vertical 3D/2D Perovskite Heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Dengliang , Liu Jiacheng , Duan Xingxing , Chen Kaiwang , Yu Bufan , Liang Yue , Xing Zhaohui , Wang Lei , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal halide perovskites hold a great promise for the development of electroluminescent and down‐conversion light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) owing to their easily tunable optical bandgaps, high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) and excellent color purity. 3D structural perovskites, valued for their high charge carrier transport capacity, have garnered much attention for high‐performance electroluminescent LEDs with low operating voltages. However, solution‐processed 3D perovskite films always suffer from the generation of defect‐induced trap states on the surfaces and at the grain boundaries, resulting in nonradiative recombination that detracts from the electroluminescence performance. Herein, a 3D/2D heterostructure is constructed to reduce the surface defects of CsPbIxBr3‐x based 3D perovskites by reconfiguring the surface of the 3D perovskite film with fluorine para‐substituted phenethylammonium iodine (p‐FPEAI). The analysis of charge carrier dynamics indicates a decrease in trap‐assisted nonradiative recombination and a notable increase in radiative recombination in the red 3D/2D perovskite films. Consequently, the cutting‐edge deep‐red LEDs with the resultant 3D/2D heterostructure perovskite as the emissive layer demonstrate a high external quantum efficiency of 22.2% and a very stable electroluminescence peak at 674 nm. The proposed p‐FPEAI‐assisted surface engineering is considered a resultful approach for advancing the development of high‐performance LEDs with perovskite heterojunction.
Smart Tattoos of Intradermally Implanted Photochromic Nanosensors for Personal UV Sensing and Dosimetry
Authors: Butterfield Jesse L. , Quigley Jennifer R. , Bruns Carson J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMonitoring personal ultraviolet (UV) exposure facilitates risk mitigation against UV‐induced skin aging and skin cancer, the most common malignancy in North America, Europe, and Australia. UV radiometers convey real‐time information on local UV irradiance, while UV dosimeters count accumulated UV exposure over time. These devices can help users manage exposure levels in order to reach a healthy daily dose of UV light required for vitamin D production without exceeding erythemal limits that would increase skin cancer risk. However, personal UV detectors still suffer from several limitations. Wearable electronic UV sensors are relatively bulky, heavy, and expensive, while the more commonly used on‐skin disposable colorimetric UV sensors suffer from short service life, skin discomfort, and high accumulated costs when used daily as recommended. Intradermal colorimetric UV nanosensors can overcome these limitations, offering long‐term, comfortable, and inexpensive naked‐eye colorimetric indication of intradermal UV irradiance. Now, a new generation of UV‐sensing intradermal pigments with an improved design offers better tunability, stability, and biocompatibility. These UV‐photochromic nanosensors may be operated as UV dosimeters or simple sunscreen efficacy monitors, depending on the formulation, and can remain functional and re‐usable in the dermis for years.
Unraveling Electronic Microenviroment of Iron Single Atom Modulated by Nitrogen‐Bridged Ligands in MBene Toward Bilateral Sulfur Redox Chemistry
Authors: Zhang Xinlu , Bai Xuexiu , Wei Chuanliang , Xi Baojuan , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExploring functional substrates for single‐atom electrocatalysts and precisely modulating their electronic microenvironments are of significant importance for sulfur redox chemistry in lithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) with unsatisfactory shuttle effects and sluggish redox kinetic. Herein, the electronic microenvironment of atomic ion (Fe) is rationally unraveled and modulated by nitrogen (N)‐bridged ligands that are engineered by metallic vacancies in MoB spontaneously trapping atomic Fe by fluorine‐free organic molten salt in situ etching and self‐reduction strategy. Intriguingly, these atomic Fe can be coordinated with adjacent in‐plane boron (B), lattice oxygen (O) and axial bridged N‐doped carbon (NC) to construct the distinctive Fe configuration (FeB4‐O‐NC‐MoB). Theorical calculations and experimental investigations unveil the electronic microenvironment of Fe disturbed from axial bridged N to construct octahedra configuration that can reinforce adsorption energy and lower energy barrier by Fe‐S and N‐Li bonds to suppress shuttle effect and expedite bidirectional redox kinetics. Thus, FeB4‐O‐NC‐MoB modified separator in LSBs delivers impressive reversible capacities (765 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 500 cycles and 541.9 mAh g−1 at 2 C after 5000 cycles). This work affords a feasible strategy for modulating electronic microenvironment by manipulating coordination configuration of single‐atom electrocatalyst to boost the bilateral sulfur redox chemistry.
Synthesis of Broad Excitation Fluorescent Microspheres Based on Clusteroluminescence and Their Application in Anti‐Counterfeiting and LED
Authors: He Liang , Nan Xueyan , Wang Peipei , Liu Zhizhou , Wang Tong , Bai Pengli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe nonconventional polymer luminophores (NPLs) with white emission are scarce due to the challenges in regulating their clustering structures. In this work, polystyrene is employed to develop a new kind of broad‐emitting clusteroluminescence (CL) through suitable cross‐linking and sulfonation. The sulfonated porous poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres (SPDMs) exhibit broad emission spectra (400–700 nm) in the visible light region. Further characterization and theoretical calculations show that through‐space conjugation (TSC) enhanced with high cross‐linking and sulfonation degrees (SD) is the main factor affecting the luminescence of microspheres. Monodisperse SPDMs with a low fluorescence distribution (CV < 5%) across 13 flow channels. Additionally, SPDMs microspheres is employed to construct binary, Cu2+, and pH‐responsive microarrays to encrypt and decode important information. Finally, SPDMs are developed for utilization as single‐component white and warm white light‐converting light emitting diodes (LEDs). These LEDs demonstrate Commission International de L’Eclairage (CIE) coordinates and correlate color temperatures (CCT) of (0.31, 0.321) and (0.383, 0.41), 6611 and 4100 K, respectively. Notably, the color rendering index (CRI) value for SPDMs‐50‐2 in white LED applications reaches an impressive 92. This study provides an economical, simple, and effective design strategy for developing NPLs with both monodispersity and broad emission.
Magnetic‐Field Controllable Displacement‐Type Ferroelectricity Driven by Off‐Center Fe2+ Ions in CaFe3Ti4O12 Perovskite
Authors: Lu Dabiao , Sheptyakov Denis , Cao Yingying , Zhao Haoting , Zhang Jie , Pi Maocai , Ye Xubin , Liu Zhehong , Zhang Xueqiang , Pan Zhao , Jiang Xingxing , Hu Zhiwei , Yang Yi‐feng , Yu Pu , Long Youwen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDisplacement‐type ferroelectrics usually exclude magnetic d‐electron contribution. Applying a magnetic field thus can little change the electric polarization. Herein, a magnetic ionic driven displacement‐type perovskite ferroelectric CaFe3Ti4O12 is reported. In this compound, magnetic Fe2+ ions contribute to both ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic orders respectively at TC ≈107 and TN ≈ 3.1 K, resulting in coupled electric and magnetic domains. A moderate magnetic field can induce a metamagnetic transition toward ferromagnetic correlations. External magnetic fields can thus readily tune the magnetic and the joint ferroelectric domains, giving rise to exceptional magnetic‐field controllable displacement‐type polarization with a large magnetoelectric (ME) coupling coefficient. This study opens up a new avenue to find unprecedented ME effects in displacement‐type ferroelectrics for numerous applications.
An Optimized Decellularized Extracellular Matrix from Dental Pulp Stem Cell Sheets Promotes Axonal Regeneration by Multiple Modes in Spinal Cord Injury Rats
Authors: Qiu Wei , Zhou Bangyi , Luo Yifei , Chen Yuanting , Chen Zehao , Wu Keke , Wu Hongle , Wu Buling , Guo Jinshan , Fang Fuchun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the field of tissue engineering, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is considered an important element for promoting neural regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), mesenchymal stem cells that originate from the neural crest, are easy to harvest and culture in vitro, express a variety of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) and deposit a large amount of ECM, making them a good choice for stem cell‐ or ECM‐based treatment of SCI. In the present study, decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) derived from DPSC sheets is used for the treatment of SCI. Optimization experiments reveal that incubating DPSC sheets with 1% Triton X‐100 for 5 min is the best procedure for preparing DPSC dECM. It is found that DPSC dECM promotes nerve repair and regeneration after SCI and restores hindlimb motor function in rats. Mechanistically, DPSC dECM facilitates the migration and neural differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as M2 polarization of microglia, and inhibits the formation of glial scars. This study suggests that the use of DPSC dECM is a potential strategy for the treatment of SCI.
Highly Efficient Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells With Tunneling Junction by Self‐Assembled 2D Dielectric Layer
Authors: Lee Minwoo , Lim Jihoo , Choi Eunyoung , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Lee Seungmin , Ma Fa‐Jun , Lim Sean , Seidel Jan , Seo Dong Han , Park Ji‐Sang , Lee Wonjong , Lim Jongchul , Webster Richard Francis , Kim Jincheol , Wang Danyang , Green Martin A. , Kim Dohyung , Noh Jun Hong , Hao Xiaojing , Yun Jae Sung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractReducing non‐radiative recombination and addressing band alignment mismatches at interfaces remain major challenges in achieving high‐performance wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells. This study proposes the self‐organization of a thin two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite BA2PbBr4 layer beneath a wide‐bandgap three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite Cs0.17FA0.83Pb(I0.6Br0.4)3, forming a 2D/3D bilayer structure on a tin oxide (SnO2) layer. This process is driven by interactions between the oxygen vacancies on the SnO2 surface and hydrogen atoms of the n‐butylammonium cation, aiding the self‐assembly of the BA2PbBr4 2D layer. The 2D perovskite acts as a tunneling layer between SnO2 and the 3D perovskite, neutralizing the energy level mismatch and reducing non‐radiative recombination. This results in high power conversion efficiencies of 21.54% and 19.16% for wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with bandgaps of 1.7 and 1.8 eV, with open‐circuit voltages over 1.3 V under 1‐Sun illumination. Furthermore, an impressive efficiency of over 43% is achieved under indoor conditions, specifically under 200 lux white light‐emitting diode light, yielding an output voltage exceeding 1 V. The device also demonstrates enhanced stability, lasting up to 1,200 hours.
Ionizable Drugs Enable Intracellular Delivery of Co‐Formulated siRNA
Authors: Slaughter Kai V. , Donders Eric N. , Jones Michael S. , Sabbah Sami G. , Elliott Mitchell J. , Shoichet Brian K. , Cescon David W. , Shoichet Molly S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTargeting complementary pathways in diseases such as cancer can be achieved with co‐delivery of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) and small molecule drugs; however, current formulation strategies are typically limited to one, but not both. Here, ionizable small molecule drugs and siRNA are co‐formulated in drug‐rich nanoparticles. Ionizable analogs of the selective estrogen receptor degrader fulvestrant self‐assemble into colloidal drug aggregates and cause endosomal disruption, allowing co‐delivery of siRNA against a non‐druggable target. siRNA is encapsulated in lipid‐stabilized, drug‐rich colloidal nanoparticles where the ionizable lipid used in conventional lipid nanoparticles is replaced with an ionizable fulvestrant analog. The selection of an appropriate phospholipid and formulation buffer enables endocytosis and potent reporter gene knockdown in cancer cells. Importantly, siRNA targeting cyclin E1 is effectively delivered to drug‐resistant breast cancer cells, demonstrating the utility of this approach. This strategy opens the possibility of using ionizable drugs to co‐deliver RNA and ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes.
Ultrahigh Single Au Atoms Loaded Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yang Yuting , Xiao Yang , Jiang Li , Li Jiahui , Li Jialu , Jia Jiangtao , Yavuz Cafer T. , Cui Fengchao , Jing Xiaofei , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSupported single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are promising in heterogeneous catalysis because of their atom economy, unusual transformations, and mechanistic clarity. The metal SAs loading, however, limits the catalytic efficiency. Herein, an in situ pre‐metallated monomer‐based preparation strategy is shown to achieve ultrahigh Au SAs loading in catalyst formations. The polymerization of single‐atom loaded monomers yield a new porous aromatic framework (PAF‐164) with Au SAs loading up to a record high 45.3 wt.%. SACs of Au‐PAFs exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity in hydrogen (H2) evolution, and the H2 evolution rate of Au100%‐SAs‐PAF‐164 can reach 4.82 mmol g−1 h−1 with great recyclability.
Revisiting the Epitaxial Growth Mechanism of 2D TMDC Single Crystals
Authors: Li Chenyang , Zheng Fangyuan , Min Jiacheng , Yang Ni , Chang Yu‐Ming , Liu Haomin , Zhang Yuxiang , Yang Pengfei , Yu Qinze , Li Yu , Luo Zhengtang , Aljarb Areej , Shih Kaimin , Huang Jing‐Kai , Li Lain‐Jong , Wan Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpitaxial growth of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) on sapphire substrates has been recognized as a pivotal method for producing wafer‐scale single‐crystal films. Both step‐edges and symmetry of substrate surfaces have been proposed as controlling factors. However, the underlying fundamental still remains elusive. In this work, through the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) growth on C/M sapphire, it is demonstrated that controlling the sulfur evaporation rate is crucial for dictating the switch between atomic‐edge guided epitaxy and van der Waals epitaxy. Low‐concentration sulfur condition preserves O/Al‐terminated step edges, fostering atomic‐edge epitaxy, while high‐concentration sulfur leads to S‐terminated edges, preferring van der Waals epitaxy. These experiments reveal that on a 2 in. wafer, the van der Waals epitaxy mechanism achieves better control in MoS2 alignment (≈99%) compared to the step edge mechanism (<85%). These findings shed light on the nuanced role of atomic‐level thermodynamics in controlling nucleation modes of TMDCs, thereby providing a pathway for the precise fabrication of single‐crystal 2D materials on a wafer scale.