bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is policy having an impact? Commentary on “A summary of government initiatives relating to employment for people with learning disabilities in England”
Authors: Melling Kathy 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on “A summary of government initiatives relating to employment for people with learning disabilities in England”.

Design/methodology/approach
– In her paper, Blamires outlines the development of policy in employment for people with learning disabilities. This commentary explores whether this policy development is having any impact.

Findings
– The statistics indicate that development of policy does not appear to be making a difference. It is concluded that this is about how it is being implemented and the time it takes for policy to have an impact. What is needed to fully implement these changes is a huge cultural shift, changing people’s mindset about what people with learning disabilities can achieve.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an individual perspective on the impact of policy on the lives of people with learning disabilities.
Axial Parts, Phi‐Features and Degrammaticalization: the Case of Italian Presso/Pressi in Diachrony
Authors: Franco Ludovico 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I will provide a possible syntactic characterization of (a subset) of so‐called degrammaticalization processes, based on the case of the diachronic evolution of presso/pressi (near/at, in) in Italian. Moreover, with an empirical study on the Opera del Vocabolario Italiano (OVI) corpus, I will support Svenonius's idea of Axial Part as an independent category in the lexicon (and not a mere spatial subset of relational nouns), providing a new kind of evidence i.e. of the diachronic type, to this claim.
The Geography of the Anthropocene in New Zealand: Differential River Catchment Response to Human Impact
Authors: FULLER IAN C. , MACKLIN MARK G. , RICHARDSON JANE M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNew Zealand provides a useful environment to test the notion that the Anthropocene is a new geological epoch. There are two well‐dated anthropogenic impact ‘events’: Polynesian settlement c. AD 1280, and European colonisation c. AD 1800. Little attention, however, has been given to regional catchment response to these, although it has been assumed that both Polynesian and European farming and land use management practices significantly increased erosion rates across most of New Zealand. This paper addresses the nature and timing of human impacts on river systems using meta‐analysis of a recently compiled nationwide database of radiocarbon‐dated fluvial deposits. This shows highly variable human impacts on erosion and sedimentation in river systems, which are often difficult to separate from naturally driven river activity. Catchment‐scale data with high resolution dating control record clearer evidence of human disturbance. In Northland, anthropogenic alluviation is recorded from c. AD 1300 linked to early Polynesian settlement, enhanced further in the late 19th and 20th centuries by European land clearance, when sedimentation rates exceeded 25 mm year−1. This study demonstrates significant geographical variability in the timing of human impact on river dynamics in New Zealand, despite two synchronous phases of human settlement, and highlights the difficulty of formally designating a simple and single ‘Anthropocene Epoch/Age’.
Development of Sausages Containing Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Hydrolysates
Authors: Jin S. K. , Choi J. S. , Choi Y. J. , Lee S. J. , Lee S. Y. , Hur S. J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPork meat sausages were prepared using protein hydrolysates from mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM). In terms of the color, compared to the controls before and after storage, the redness (a*) was significantly higher in sausages containing MDCM hydrolysates, ascorbate, and sodium erythorbate. After storage, compared to the other sausage samples, the yellowness (b*) was lower in the sausages containing ascorbate and sodium erythorbate. TBARS was not significantly different among the sausage samples before storage, whereas TBARS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were significantly higher in the sausagescontainingascorbate and sodium erythorbate, compared to the other sausage samples after 4 wk of storage. In terms of sensory evaluation, the color was significantly higher in the sausages containing MDCM hydrolysates, ascorbate, and sodium erythorbate, compared to the other sausage samples after 4 wk of storage. The “off‐flavor” and overall acceptability were significantly lower in the sausages containing MDCM hydrolysates than in the other sausage samples.
Transcriptional factor FOXO3 negatively regulates the expression of nm23‐H1 in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Li Lin , Wei Huijun , Guo Lili , Ai Cheng , Xu Hongyu , Wu Zhihao , Zhou Qinghua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground: Nm23‐H1 was the first metastasis suppressor discovered in most tumor models and reduction or loss of nm23‐H1 expression correlates with tumor progression and metastasis in non‐small‐cell lung cancer. Despite extensive studies, the regulatory mechanism of nm23‐H1 expression is far from elucidated. The transcriptional factor forkhead box (FOX)O3 has been reported to be involved in multiple regulatory signaling pathways in the biological behavior of tumors. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between FOXO3 activity and nm23‐H1 expression.Methods: Real time reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays were employed to determine nm23‐H1 messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression after being transformed by different FOXO3 plasmid in A549 cells. A dual luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, were used to determine the promoter activity of the nm23‐H1 gene and to detect the binding of FOXO3 into the nm23‐H1 promoter, respectively.Results: We found that activated FOXO3 decreased nm23‐H1 expression and dominant negative FOXO3 increased nm23‐H1 expression. Modulation of FOXO3 activity with FOXO3 pathway inhibitors altered nm23‐H1 promoter activity. Although there is a putative binding site of FOXO3 in the nm23‐H1 promoter, FOXO3 regulated nm23‐H1 expression in an indirect manner.Conclusion: We demonstrated that the transcriptional factor FOXO3 decreased the expression levels of the tumor suppressor gene nm23‐H1 in the non‐small‐cell lung cancer A549 cell line and that the level of expression of nm23‐H1 was controlled by FOXO3 in an indirect manner. This finding provided an insight into the upstream regulation of nm23‐H1 and may provide promising targets for inhibition of the metastasis process.
Traditional Chinese medicine and cancer: History, present situation, and development
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Shuo , Zhang Ying , Fan Hui‐ting , Lin Hong‐sheng 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCancer treatment with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history. Heritage provides general conditions for the innovation and development of TCM in oncology. This article reviews the development of TCM in oncology, interprets the position and function of TCM for cancer prevention and treatment, summarizes the innovations of TCM in oncology over nearly fifty years, and suggests the development direction.
Validation of the Danish‐language chronic pain acceptance questionnaire
Authors: la Cour P. , Højsted J. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundThe Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ, 20 items) measures patients’ acceptance of chronic pain. This questionnaire has demonstrated good psychometric qualities and versions have been validated in several different languages. This study describes the validation of the Danish version of the CPAQ.MethodsA total of 114 patients with chronic pain completed the questionnaire as well as other measures of pain, anxiety, depression, coping, and health‐related quality of life.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory and the factorial analysis yielded a two‐factor solution, confirming the original structure of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe psychometric properties of the Danish version of the 20‐item CPAQ were satisfactory, showing that the Danish version of CPAQ is valid and reliable.
Influence of the timing of internal fixation of femur fractures during shock resuscitation on remote organ damage
Authors: Hardy Benjamin M. , Yoshino Osamu , Quail Anthony W. , Balogh Zsolt J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundReamed intramedullary nailing is the gold standard for management of femur fractures. Nailing within 24 h is proven to reduce complications from ongoing bleeding, soft‐tissue damage and pain. However, when combined with haemorrhagic shock, femur fracture and intramedullary nailing are associated with immune‐mediated damage to remote organs. We studied whether delaying fracture fixation until resuscitation was succeeding would lead to a significant reduction in remote organ damage.MethodsTwenty male rabbits underwent closed femur fracture, haemorrhagic shock, resuscitation and either immediate nailing (group: ImmFix, n = 9), delayed nailing (group: DelFix, n = 8) or just splinting (group: NoFix, n = 3). Haemorrhagic shock was maintained for 60 min. Resuscitation was with shed blood and Hartmann's solution. Animals were euthanized 8 h after fixation; the lungs and small bowel were scored histologically by two pathologists.ResultsGroups did not differ in weight, haemorrhage volume or magnitude of shock. At 8 h, there was no difference in end‐organ damage between ImmFix and DelFix groups (11.3 ± 1.6 and 13.2 ± 1.6 versus 8.1 ± 1.3 and 12.9 ± 1.1, P = 0.26 between groups). However, the NoFix group had significantly greater end‐organ damage when compared with the fixation at any time groups (17.3 ± 2.7 and 17.0 ± 3.3 versus 9.8 ± 1.1 and 13.1 ± 1, P = 0.01 between groups).ConclusionIn this laboratory model, we have demonstrated that timely femur fracture fixation outweighs the potential harmful effects of surgery performed during haemorrhagic shock with simultaneous resuscitation. We have failed to demonstrate a difference between immediate and delayed fixation during resuscitation.
Developmental change and cross‐domain links in vocal and musical emotion recognition performance in childhood
Authors: Allgood Rebecca , Heaton Pamela 
Published: June 2015

Although the configurations of psychoacoustic cues signalling emotions in human vocalizations and instrumental music are very similar, cross‐domain links in recognition performance have yet to be studied developmentally. Two hundred and twenty 5‐ to 10‐year‐old children were asked to identify musical excerpts and vocalizations as happy, sad, or fearful. The results revealed age‐related increases in overall recognition performance with significant correlations across vocal and musical conditions at all developmental stages. Recognition scores were greater for musical than vocal stimuli and were superior in females compared with males. These results confirm that recognition of emotions in vocal and musical stimuli is linked by 5 years and that sensitivity to emotions in auditory stimuli is influenced by age and gender.
Role of the endocannabinoid system in diabetes and diabetic complications
Authors: Gruden G , Barutta F , Kunos G , Pacher P 
Published: June 2015

Increasing evidence suggests that an overactive endocannabinoid system (ECS) may contribute to the development of diabetes by promoting energy intake and storage, impairing both glucose and lipid metabolism, by exerting pro‐apoptotic effects in pancreatic beta cells and by facilitating inflammation in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, hyperglycaemia associated with diabetes has also been implicated in triggering perturbations of the ECS amplifying the pathological processes mentioned above, eventually culminating in a vicious circle. Compelling evidence from preclinical studies indicates that the ECS also influences diabetes‐induced oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and subsequent tissue injury in target organs for diabetic complications. In this review, we provide an update on the contribution of the ECS to the pathogenesis of diabetes and diabetic microvascular (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and cardiovascular complications. The therapeutic potential of targeting the ECS is also discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Endocannabinoids. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.7/issuetoc
Prioritizing vulnerable children: why should we address inequity?
Authors: Joshua P. , Zwi K. , Moran P. , White L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundChildren and young people from vulnerable population groups, including Indigenous Australians, those in out of home care, those with disabilities and those from refugee families, have difficulties in accessing health services and are at high risk of adverse outcomes, driving population health inequity. Although heterogeneous, these groups face common disadvantage and shared challenges in health service utilization.AimThis study aims to analyse the demographics of vulnerable child populations in NSW, the rationale for focussing on their health needs and strategies for addressing population health inequity.MethodologyA literature review was undertaken on vulnerable child populations and successful strategies for improving their health outcomes. NSW data on vulnerable children were collated.FindingsVulnerable children in NSW are estimated to comprise 10–20% of the childhood population. Efforts to improve their health and well‐being can be justified based on child rights, a focus on equity and effectiveness of care, public opinion and the evidence base supporting such interventions. Targeted (subpopulation specific) interventions and delivery of universally applied (population wide) strategies that disproportionately benefit vulnerable populations have been shown to be effective in reducing healthcare disparities. Most available information relates to specific vulnerable population groups. However, some effective strategies and key principles are broadly applicable to the vulnerable child population as a whole.ConclusionVulnerable children should be a key focus of healthcare interventions if inequities are to be addressed.
Minimum intervention dentistry approach to managing early childhood caries: a randomized control trial
Authors: Arrow Peter , Klobas Elizabeth 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesA pragmatic randomized control trial was undertaken to compare the minimum intervention dentistry (MID) approach, based on the atraumatic restorative treatment procedures (MID–ART: Test), against the standard care approach (Control) to treat early childhood caries in a primary care setting.MethodsConsenting parent/child dyads were allocated to the Test or Control group using stratified block randomization. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Participants were examined at baseline and at follow‐up by two calibrated examiners blind to group allocation status (κ = 0.77), and parents completed a questionnaire at baseline and follow‐up. Dental therapists trained in MID–ART provided treatment to the Test group and dentists treated the Control group using standard approaches. The primary outcome of interest was the number of children who were referred for specialist pediatric care. Secondary outcomes were the number of teeth treated, changes in child oral health‐related quality of life and dental anxiety and parental perceptions of care received. Data were analyzed on an intention to treat basis; risk ratio for referral for specialist care, test of proportions, Wilcoxon rank test and logistic regression were used.ResultsThree hundred and seventy parents/carers were initially screened; 273 children were examined at baseline and 254 were randomized (Test = 127; Control = 127): mean age = 3.8 years, SD 0.90; 59% male, mean dmft = 4.9, SD 4.0. There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, baseline caries experience or child oral health‐related quality of life between the Test and Control group. At follow‐up (mean interval 11.4 months, SD 3.1 months), 220 children were examined: Test = 115, Control = 105. Case‐notes review of 231 children showed Test = 6 (5%) and Control = 53 (49%) were referred for specialist care, P < 0.0001. More teeth were filled in the Test group (mean = 2.93, SD 2.48) than in the Control group (mean = 1.54, SD 2.20), Wilcoxon's test, P < 0.0001. Logistic regression, after controlling for age and baseline caries experience, showed a higher risk of referral by allocation to control group, OR 32.6, 95% CI 10.8–98.4, P < 0.0001.ConclusionThe MID–ART approach reduced significantly the likelihood of referral for specialist care, and more children and teeth were provided with treatment.
The effect of piezoelectric surgery implant osteotomy on radiological and molecular parameters of peri‐implant crestal bone loss: a randomized, controlled, split‐mouth trial
Authors: Peker Tekdal Gözde , Bostanci Nagihan , Belibasakis Georgios N. , Gürkan Ali 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effect of piezoelectric surgery (PS) implant osteotomy on biochemical and radiological parameters of crestal bone (CB) loss.Material and methodsIn this randomized, controlled, clinical study, 38 osteotomies were prepared with PS and drilling in the posterior maxilla in a split‐mouth design. Implants were placed and left for non‐submerged healing. Osteotomy time, insertion torque, pain perception, probing depth, and modified gingival and plaque indices were recorded. Peri‐implant sulcular fluid (PISF) was collected from four sites of each implant at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. PISF samples were analyzed by ELISA for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B‐ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin. CB loss was assessed on periapical radiographs at the 12th and on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at the 24th weeks. The influence of time and osteotomy method on biochemical and radiological parameters of CB loss employed statistical method of Brunner–Langer.ResultsOsteotomy time for PS group was significantly longer than the drill group (P < 0.05). Pain perception that was lower in the PS than in the drill group depended on osteotomy method (P < 0.05). PS group had lower RANKL total amount than the drill group (P < 0.05). Mean CB loss on periapical radiographs at the 12th week for PS and drill groups were 0.11 and 0.18 mm, respectively (P > 0.05). At the 24th week, PS and drill groups showed 0.11 and 0.12 mm CB losses on CBCT, respectively (P > 0.05). However, CB loss values did not depend on osteotomy modality (P > 0.05).ConclusionPS may modify and reduce bone‐destructive inflammatory response during implant osseointegration. Therefore, on the molecular level, it might be a less traumatic osteotomy modality than drilling although this was not reflected by CB loss values in the present study.
Single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: early results and medium‐term oncological outcome
Authors: Gash K. , Bicsak M. , Dixon A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimConventional laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer management is now widely accepted as an alternative to open surgery, bestowing specific advantages without causing detriment to oncological outcome. Evolving from this, single‐incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been successfully utilized for the removal of colonic tumours, but the literature lacks data analysing the suitability of SILS for rectal cancer resection, particularly on oncological outcome. We report the medium‐term oncological outcome from a prospective observational study of SILS for rectal cancer, including high and low anterior resections.MethodA prospective electronic database was collated of all patients undergoing SILS rectal cancer resection in our institution, between 2009 and 2014. In addition to patient, tumour and operative data, histopathological and medium‐term oncological end‐points were recorded. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to analyse survival.ResultsSixty‐one patients underwent SILS for rectal cancer by high anterior resection (n = 34), low anterior resection with total mesorectal excision (TME) (n = 24) and low anterior resection with TME and hand‐sewn colo‐anal anastomosis (n = 3). The median operation time was 105 (37–280) min and 92% of cases were completed by SILS. The mean interval to resuming oral feeding was 11 h and the median length of stay was 2 (1–8) days. The median number of lymph nodes found by the histopathologist in the resected specimen was 18 (6–44) and all operations completely removed the tumour (R0 resection). At a median follow‐up of 46 (16–64) months, eight (13%) patients developed metastatic disease, of whom three had local recurrence. Overall, three patients have died, of whom all had metastatic disease.ConclusionAnterior resection with TME for rectal cancer can be safely performed using the SILS technique, with acceptable histopathological results and good oncological outcome.
Cissus quadrangularis Linn exerts dose‐dependent biphasic effects: osteogenic and anti‐proliferative, through modulating ROS, cell cycle and Runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts
Authors: Siddiqui S. , Ahmad E. , Gupta M. , Rawat V. , Shivnath N. , Banerjee M. , Khan M. S. , Arshad M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis report highlights phytoconstituents present in Cissus quadrangularis (CQ) extract and examines biphasic (proliferative and anti‐proliferative) effects of its extract on bone cell proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, ROS generation, cell cycle progression and Runx2 gene expression in primary rat osteoblasts.Materials and methodsPhytoconstituents were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC‐MS). Osteoblasts were exposed to different concentrations (10–100 μg/ml) of CQ extract and cell proliferation and cell differentiation were investigated at different periods of time. Subsequently, intracellular ROS intensity, apoptosis and matrix mineralization of osteoblasts were evaluated. We performed flow cytometry for DNA content and real‐time PCR for Runx2 gene expression analysis.ResultsCQ extract's approximately 40 bioactive compounds of fatty acids, hydrocarbons, vitamins and steroidal derivatives were identified. Osteoblasts exposed to varying concentrations of extract exhibited biphasic variation in cell proliferation and differentiation as a function of dose and time. Moreover, lower concentrations (10–50 μg/ml) of extract slightly reduced ROS intensity, although they enhanced matrix mineralization, DNA content in S phase of the cell cycle, and levels of Runx2 expression. However, higher concentrations (75–100 μg/ml) considerably induced the ROS intensity and nuclear condensation in osteoblasts, while it reduced mineralization level, proportion of cells in S phase and Runx2 level of the osteogenic gene.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that CQ extract revealed concentration‐dependent biphasic effects, which would contribute notably to future assessment of pre‐clinical efficacy and safety studies.