bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Security, Multilateralism, and Solidarity
Authors: Elliott Lorraine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In 2022, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) released a Special Report on threats to human security in the Anthropocene, a year after UN Secretary-General António Guterres released his report Our Common Agenda. In anticipation of the 2024 Summit of the Future, both called for a reinvigoration of networked multilateralism and for solidarity to be adopted as a third human security pillar alongside protection and empowerment. This article explores those expectations against a deeper understanding of the UN history of human security and a cycle of declared concerns about human insecurity and precarity dating at least to UNDP’s 1994 Human Development Report. It argues that there is little new in the “next-generation” model of networked multilateralism and that, as a global governance norm, solidarity for human security is underconceptualized and poorly operationalized. It points to the importance of reclaiming the local as a site of people-centered agency, care, and voice.
The Slave Trade, Slavery and the Struggle for Supremacy in the Momo River Valley, North West Region of Cameroon, to 1926
Authors: Etamo Kengo Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper examines issues of the slave trade and slavery in the Momo River valley of Cameroon. Using primary sources (oral tradition and archival materials) and secondary sources, the paper shows the impact of the transatlantic slave trade in the region not only in the slave trade and slaving activities but also in the transformation of some old social institutions and the emergence of new ones. The paper argues that the transatlantic slave trade introduced capitalists in this part of Africa, who continued to make profits from legitimate commerce after the abolition of the slave trade through the persistent enslavement of other Africans to work in the palm oil industry. The Momo River valley continued to be a major source of these slaves. This paper therefore brings into the limelight slavery and the slave trade in an area which contributed to the transatlantic and the post-transatlantic slave trade but which has still not received adequate scholarly attention.
“If You All Don’t Save Me, I Will End My Life”: An Assessment of (Il)legal Online Digital Lenders (Loan Sharks) in Nigeria
Authors: Thompson Olasupo , Bode-Alakija Funmi , Awange Phoebe D. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article examines the activities of (il)legal online lenders in Nigeria. A qualitative method was adopted in which literature, media reports, commentaries and indepth interviews were deployed. We argue that the insufficient regulatory role of the government, the laxity of laws, a failure to initiate social security, poor access to loan facilities, corruption and poverty, among other factors, account for the incursions of illegal online lenders (loan sharks) who deploy unorthodox methods in reclaiming their loans from defaulters in Nigeria, and that use of force remains ineffective. We recommend a more robust and holistic framework to tackle (il)legal online lenders. This must, among other things, start from the government’s political will, revamping the economy, establishing an effective regulatory role of government and its agencies in the online and offline financial institutions, and creating job opportunities, access to loans and an enabling environment for businesses to thrive.
Professional Academic Development Over Here and Over There: Sociolinguistic Perspectives on North–South Collaboration and Joint PhD Research
Authors: De Soete Alexander , Slembrouck Stef , Williams Quentin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This report develops interrelated perspectives on North–South collaboration, with a particular focus on joint PhD research. A specific – but perhaps atypical – case will be presented, in which the doctoral student is located and collects data in the Global North but is co-advised by supervisors from both Ghent University (Belgium) and the University of the Western Cape (South Africa) in the context of a strategic inter-institutional partnership between the two universities. The report details how the research project is inserted into interdependent trajectories and attends to crucial questions about academic cooperation in a transnational context across institutional, geographic and socio-cultural settings and with global academic aspirations. Is joint research only a matter of academic collaboration with relevant expertise? How does the project connect to pressing challenges of (sociolinguistic) knowledge production and – in this particular case – the theme of decolonisation?
Walking the Talk: Reflections on Teaching South African Literature to Foreign Students
Authors: van Niekerk Marlene 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
What kind of critical apparatus would be needed to best identify the conditions under which Afrikaans literature was produced? What kind of self-understanding could be expected from a historically privileged South African who teaches literature to foreign students? Rather than a formal theoretical critique, this inaugural lecture is a playful, hybrid text that will offer a rhetorically amplified performance in response to these questions. Its central thesis is that walking solves problems. The performance proceeds via a preamble stating these problems, followed by an autobiographical narrative covering several perambulations at dusk, concluding with a post-amble of allegories for reading and teaching literature in turbulent times.
Updates to NOAA’s Unified Forecast System’s Cumulus Convection Parameterization Scheme between GFSv16 and GFSv17
Authors: Bengtsson Lisa , Han Jongil 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study outlines the updates made to cumulus convection parameterizations between Global Forecast System, version 16 (GFSv16), and the forthcoming GFSv17 which will be the first global forecast application to become operational under the Unified Forecast System infrastructure. The updates, addressing known systematic errors and biases, incorporate innovations such as stochasticity, three-dimensional subgrid organizational effects, and a prognostic closure evolution. The changes are shown to improve tropical temperature/humidity biases, convective available potential energy (CAPE) forecasts, CONUS precipitation, and tropical variability. By examining individual updates’ impact on temperature, humidity profiles, and precipitation power spectra, we find that the new prognostic closure and stricter precipitation evaporation criteria alleviate a dry and cold bias in the tropical boundary layer and enhance precipitation variability in the tropics. Stricter triggering criteria also allow for more CAPE buildup, particularly over the tropics. The cumulus convection updates have a modest impact on precipitation skill scores over CONUS, but overall, there is an improvement when comparing GFSv16 and the latest GFSv17 prototype configurations, in particularly for larger thresholds. The study also highlights the challenges in developing convection parameterizations suitable for both coupled and uncoupled model configurations. Evaluation of the MJO shows varying responses to cumulus convection changes depending on whether the model is coupled with a dynamic ocean model.
Multitasking Induced Contextual Blindness
Authors: Cooper Joel M. , Strayer David L. 
Published: August 2024

Objective To examine the impact of secondary task performance on contextual blindness arising from the suppression and masking of temporal and spatial sequence learning. Background Dual-task scenarios can lead to a diminished ability to use environmental cues to guide attention, a phenomenon that is related to multitasking-induced inattentional blindness. This research aims to extend the theoretical understanding of how secondary tasks can impair attention and memory processes in sequence learning and access. Method We conducted three experiments. In Experiment 1, we used a serial reaction time task to investigate the impact of a secondary tone counting task on temporal sequence learning. In Experiment 2, we used a contextual cueing task to examine the effects of dual-task performance on spatial cueing. In Experiment 3, we integrated and extended these concepts to a simulated driving task. Results Across the experiments, the performance of a secondary task consistently suppressed (all experiments) and masked task learning (experiments 1 and 3). In the serial response and spatial search tasks, dual-task conditions reduced the accrual of sequence knowledge and impaired knowledge expression. In the driving simulation, similar patterns of learning suppression from multitasking were also observed. Conclusion The findings suggest that secondary tasks can significantly suppress and mask sequence learning in complex tasks, leading to a form of contextual blindness characterized by impairments in the ability to use environmental cues to guide attention and anticipate future events. Application These findings have implications for both skill acquisition and skilled performance in complex domains such as driving, aviation, manufacturing, and human–computer interaction.
Disability in migraine: Multicountry results from the Chronic Migraine Epidemiology and Outcomes – International (CaMEO-I) Study
Authors: Katsarava Zaza , Buse Dawn C , Leroux Elizabeth , Lanteri-Minet Michel , Sakai Fumihiko , Matharu Manjit S , Adams Aubrey Manack , Carr Karen , Fanning Kristina M , Lipton Richard B 
Published: August 2024

Background Few studies of migraine have evaluated migraine disability across multiple countries using the same methodology. Methods This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in 2021–2022 in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, UK and USA. Respondents with migraine were identified based on modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria. Headache features (Migraine Symptom Severity Score (MSSS, range: 0–21), presence of allodynia (Allodynia Symptom Checklist, ASC-12)) and migraine burden (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQ v2.1), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire) were evaluated. Results Among 14,492 respondents with migraine across countries, the mean ± SD MSSS was 15.4 ± 3.2 and 48.5% (7026/14,492) of respondents had allodynia based on ASC-12. Of all respondents living with migraine, 35.5% (5146/14,492) reported moderate to severe anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Mean ± SD MSQ v2.1 Role Function–Restrictive, Role Function–Preventive and Emotional Function domain scores were 60.7 ± 22.9, 71.5 ± 23.0 and 65.1 ± 27.2, respectively. The WPAI mean ± SD percentages of respondents who missed work or worked impaired as a result of migraine were 6.8 ± 18.1% and 41.0 ± 30.1%, respectively. Conclusions For every country surveyed, migraine was associated with high levels of symptom severity, with allodynia and with substantial burden.
Negative Pain Thoughts Questionnaire Short Form (NPTQ-SF) Scores and Outcomes After Arthroscopic Meniscectomy
Authors: Johnson Brian , Bonamer John , Thomson Cameron , Figueras Jorge , Shah Nihar , Sabbagh Ramsey Samir , Kuechly Henry , Newyear Brian , Narendran Nakul , Grawe Brian 
Published: August 2024

Background: Pain is multifactorial, and pain intensity has been shown to be influenced by patients’ thoughts. The Negative Pain Thoughts Questionnaire Short Form (NPTQ-SF) can be used to quantify unhelpful negative cognitive biases about pain, but the relationship between negative pain thoughts and orthopaedic surgery outcomes is not known. Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence of negative pain thoughts in patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy using the NPTQ-SF survey and assess the relationship these thoughts have to knee function, general health, pain, and satisfaction before and after surgery. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: In total, 146 patients undergoing arthroscopic meniscectomy were administered the 4-item NPTQ-SF, 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) questionnaire, and visual analog scale pain survey preoperatively between July 2021 and August 2022. The same surveys were completed at a minimum of 3 months and no later than 1 year postoperatively by 92 patients confirmed to have undergone meniscectomy. Results: NPTQ-SF scores were correlated with IKDC, SF-12, and satisfaction score preoperatively and at least 3 months postoperatively (mean, 108.5 ± 43.7 days). Preoperative NPTQ-SF scores were significantly negatively correlated with postoperative IKDC ( R = −0.284), SF-12 ( R = −0.266 and −0.328), and visual analog scale pain ( R = 0.294) scores, while a relationship with postoperative satisfaction did not reach statistical significance ( P = .067). Patients with a preoperative NPTQ-SF score >8 were less likely to achieve a Patient Acceptable Symptom State on the postoperative IKDC questionnaire (39% vs 63%; P = .03). Patients with a history of a psychiatric or chronic pain diagnoses have worse NPTQ-SF, SF-12, and IKDC scores pre- and postoperatively. Conclusion: The level of negative pain thoughts in patients undergoing meniscectomy is related to knee function, general health, and pain. Patients with a high level of negative pain thoughts are less likely to achieve a favorable outcome from meniscectomy, with a score ≥8 representing a clinically significant threshold for preoperative screening.
Feasibility and Potential Diagnostic Value of Noncontrast Brain MRI in Nonsedated Children With Sturge-Weber Syndrome and Healthy Siblings
Authors: Juhász Csaba , Behen Michael E. , Gjolaj Nore , Luat Aimee F. , Xuan Yang , Jeong Jeong-Won 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPostcontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), obtained under anesthesia, is often used to evaluate brain parenchymal and vascular abnormalities in young children, including those with Sturge-Weber syndrome. However, anesthesia and contrast administration may carry risks. We explored the feasibility and potential diagnostic value of a noncontrast, nonsedate MRI acquisition in Sturge-Weber syndrome children and their siblings with a wide range of cognitive and behavioral functioning.MethodsTwenty children (10 with Sturge-Weber syndrome and 10 healthy siblings; age: 0.7-13.5 years) underwent nonsedate 3-tesla (T) brain MRI acquisition with noncontrast sequences (including susceptibility-weighted imaging) prospectively along with neuropsychology assessment. All images were evaluated for quality, and MRI abnormalities identified in the Sturge-Weber syndrome group were compared to those identified on previous clinical pre- and postcontrast MRI.ResultsNineteen participants (95%) completed the MRI with good (n = 18) or adequate (n = 1) quality, including all children with Sturge-Weber syndrome and all 5 children ≤5 years of age. The Sturge-Weber syndrome group had lower cognitive functions than the controls, and both groups had several children with behavioral issues, without an apparent effect on the success and quality of the MR images. Susceptibility-weighted imaging detected key venous vascular abnormalities and calcifications and, along with the other noncontrast sequences, provided diagnostic information comparable to previous clinical MRI performed with contrast administration under anesthesia.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility and the potential diagnostic value of a nonsedate, noncontrast MRI acquisition protocol in young children including those with cognitive impairment and/or behavioral concerns. This approach can facilitate clinical trials in children where safe serial MRI is warranted.
Numerical simulation of rock fracture characteristics under combined action of impact and splitting
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Liu Bingyan , Feng Lv 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a discontinuous rock breaking method under combined action of impact and splitting is presented. A dynamic model of rock splitting was established to study the fracture law of rock under impact pressure, with granite as the medium. Firstly, a numerical simulation of the rock splitting under static pressure was conducted. The applicability of the dynamic model was verified by comparison with the experimental results. On this basis, the numerical simulations of rock impact splitting with single frequency and multi frequency were carried out by different loading modes. The stress and damage, crack, splitting force and element failure were analyzed by comparing with static pressure splitting, and the “failure abrupt point”, which can be used as a direct evaluation index of rock impact splitting effect, was proposed. The results indicate that the rock can be completely broken only when the loading pressure reaches 3 MPa in the case of static pressure, while just 1.8 MPa for impact splitting. The required pressure of rock breaking by impact splitting is 60% of that by static pressure splitting, which greatly reduces the requirement on pressure. For single frequency impact splitting, frequency 35 Hz and 25 Hz have the best rock breaking effect, and 40 Hz has a better cracking effect. For multi frequency, the alternating frequency of 30 Hz and 40 Hz has the best effect.
What factors influence patient autonomy in healthcare decision-making? A systematic review of studies from the Global South
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Umair , Bhatti Muhammad Esswan , Fredericks Salim 
Published: August 2024

Background The principle of respect for autonomy (PRA) is a central tenet of bioethics. In the quest for a global bioethics, it is pertinent to ask whether this principle can be applied as it is to cultures and societies that are devoid of the Western sociopolitical historical pressures that led to its emergence. Relational autonomists have argued for a more inclusive approach to patient autonomy which takes into account factors such as interdependency and social relations. However, at the outset of any relational approach, it is necessary to identify underlying factors that influence patient autonomy in non-Western cultures. Objective To conduct a review of the literature to uncover the mechanisms through which social, cultural, and religious factors influence and impact the application of the PRA in healthcare decision-making in non-Western cultures and societies. Methods We conducted a systematic review through a comprehensive search of three major electronic databases of biomedical sciences. Returned citations were imported to Covidence, full texts were assessed for eligibility, included articles were thoroughly reviewed and data was synthesized. PRISMA guidelines were followed. Results Our search retrieved 590 non-duplicate results, 50 of which were included after screening and full-text eligibility checks. The included studies were predominantly qualitative in nature, with few quantitative, mixed-methods, and review studies included. Our synthesis of data identified nine key factors that influenced patients’ autonomous decision-making through cultural, social, religious, or intersectional pathways. Conclusion Two main conclusions emerge from this review. Firstly, there is a notable dearth of bioethical research examining the influence of diverse factors on patients’ inclination towards different conceptions of autonomy. Secondly, the analysis of prevalent collectivist cultures and deference of autonomy adds value to the solution-oriented relational autonomy debate. This raises questions regarding how decision-making can be truly autonomous in the presence of such large-scale factors, warranting further attention.
Trust, respect, and training: Principles of care for service professionals supporting adults with intellectual disabilities in community residential programs
Authors: DeCarsky Ryan , Evans Heather D , Kaufman Hannah , Johnson Kurt , Harniss Mark 
Published: August 2024

Background: Adults with intellectual disabilities in community residential programs receive services from direct support professionals (DSPs) intended to facilitate community engagement. As part of a rate study for Washington State’s Developmental Disabilities Administration on community residential services, adults in these programs were asked to provide their perspective on the quality and effectiveness of their care. Method: Twenty-five adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed focusing on daily activities, staffing, and living situations. Interview transcripts were coded and analyzed for dominant themes. Results: Participants emphasized the desire for trustworthy, caring, and respectful DSPs; DSPs trained in behavioral management techniques made participants feel safe and supported. Nearly all participants called for greater staffing stability. Conclusions: People living in community residential programs are profoundly impacted by the stress and uncertainty of DSPs facing limited resources and high staff turnover. Stable, consistent support makes it easier for participants to engage in community integration.
Transfusion-Transmissible Infections Among Blood Donors in a Regional Hospital in Ghana: A 6-Year Trend Analysis (2017-2022)
Authors: Hadfield Priscilla Yeboah , Vechey Godwin Adjei , Bansah Emmanuel , Nyahe Morkporkpor , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe , Tarkang Elvis Enowbeyang 
Published: August 2024

Background This study determined the trends of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors in a regional hospital in Ghana from 2017 to 2022. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6339 blood donor records. Data were analyzed using STATA version 17.0 at the 0.05 significance level. Results The prevalence of TTIs was 31.4% in 2017, 13.8% in 2018, 20.4% in 2019, 9.5% in 2020, 9.6% in 2021, and 11.7% in 2022. There were significant associations between hepatitis C virus (HCV), Syphilis, and sex (OR = 2.06; 95% CI [1.29-3.30]; P = .003) and (OR = 2.28; 95% CI [1.48-3.54]; P < .001), respectively. Blood donors aged 20-29 were more likely to be infected with hepatitis B virus (OR = 1.96; 95% CI [1.28-2.99]; P = .002). Blood donors aged 40-49 had higher odds of infection with HCV (OR = 3.36; 95% CI [2.02-5.57]; P < .001) and Syphilis (OR = 3.79; 95% CI [2.45-5.87]; P < .001). Conclusion The study highlights the need to implement targeted prevention strategies for donors with a higher TTI prevalence.