bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assimilation of Tropical Cyclone Observations: Improving the Assimilation of TCVitals, Scatterometer Winds, and Dropwindsonde Observations
Authors: Holt Christina , Szunyogh Istvan , Gyarmati Gyorgyi , Leidner S. Mark , Hoffman Ross N. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The standard statistical model of data assimilation assumes that the background and observation errors are normally distributed, and the first- and second-order statistical moments of the two distributions are known or can be accurately estimated. Because these assumptions are never satisfied completely in practice, data assimilation schemes must be robust to errors in the underlying statistical model. This paper tests simple approaches to improving the robustness of data assimilation in tropical cyclone (TC) regions.
Analysis–forecast experiments are carried out with three types of data—Tropical Cyclone Vitals (TCVitals), DOTSTAR, and QuikSCAT—that are particularly relevant for TCs and with an ensemble-based data assimilation scheme that prepares a global analysis and a limited-area analysis in a TC basin simultaneously. The results of the experiments demonstrate that significant analysis and forecast improvements can be achieved for TCs that are category 1 and higher by improving the robustness of the data assimilation scheme.
Exacerbated venous thromboembolism in mice carrying a protein S K196E mutation
Authors: Banno Fumiaki , Kita Toshiyuki , Fernández José A. , Yanamoto Hiroji , Tashima Yuko , Kokame Koichi , Griffin John H. , Miyata Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
A protein S-K196E mutation reduced its activated protein C cofactor activity in recombinant murine protein S-K196E and in K196E mutant mice. Mice carrying a protein S-K196E mutation or heterozygous protein S deficiency were more vulnerable to venous thrombosis than wild-type mice.
The effect of Georgia’s HOPE scholarship on college major: a focus on STEM
Authors: Sjoquist David L , Winters John V 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is growing concern that the U.S. is producing too few college graduates in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, and there is a desire to understand how various policies affect college major decisions. This paper uses student administrative records from the University System of Georgia to examine whether and how Georgia’s HOPE Scholarship has affected students’ college major decisions, with a focus on STEM. We find that HOPE reduced the likelihood of earning a STEM degree. The research is complementary to a forthcoming paper by the authors, but using USG administrative records allows us to address several additional issues beyond the effect of merit aid on the likelihood of earning a STEM degree, including: the effect on initial major, earned major, and the transition between them; the roles of student ability, student performance, and institutional choice; and other possible mechanisms through which merit aid affects STEM education.JEL codesI23, J24
Cognitive and neurophysiological markers of ADHD persistence and remission
Authors: Cheung Celeste H. M. , Rijsdijk Fruhling , McLoughlin Gráinne , Brandeis Daniel , Banaschewski Tobias , Asherson Philip , Kuntsi Jonna 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) persists in around two-thirds of individuals in adolescence and early adulthood.AimsTo examine the cognitive and neurophysiological processes underlying the persistence or remission of ADHD.MethodFollow-up data were obtained from 110 young people with childhood ADHD and 169 controls on cognitive, electroencephalogram frequency, event-related potential (ERP) and actigraph movement measures after 6 years.ResultsADHD persisters differed from remitters on preparation-vigilance measures (contingent negative variation, delta activity, reaction time variability and omission errors), IQ and actigraph count, but not on executive control measures of inhibition or working memory (nogo-P3 amplitudes, commission errors and digit span backwards).ConclusionsPreparation-vigilance measures were markers of remission, improving concurrently with ADHD symptoms, whereas executive control measures were not sensitive to ADHD persistence/remission. For IQ, the present and previous results combined suggest a role in moderating ADHD outcome. These findings fit with previously identified aetiological separation of the cognitive impairments in ADHD. The strongest candidates for the development of non-pharmacological interventions involving cognitive training and neurofeedback are the preparation-vigilance processes that were markers of ADHD remission.
Double or … Nothing
Authors: Rossolatos George 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper draws on the deconstruction(ist) toolbox and specifically on the textual unweaving tactics of supplementarity, exemplarity, and parergonality, with a view to critically assessing institutional (UNESCO’s) and ordinary tourists’ claims to authenticity as regards artifacts and sites of ‘cultural heritage’. Through the ‘destru[k]tion’ of claims to ‘originality’ and ‘myths of origin’, that function as preservatives for canning such artifacts and sites, the cultural arche-writing that forces signifiers to piously bow before a limited string of ‘transcendental signifieds’ is brought to full view. The stench of the aeons is thus forced to evaporate through a post-transcendentalist opening towards originary myths’ original doubles.
Uexküllian phenomenology
Authors: Tønnessen Morten 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Uexkullian phenomenology is derived from the Umwelt theory of the Baltic-German biologist Jakob von Uexkull. Its basic premise is that we can assume the universal existence, in the realm of life, of a genuine first person perspective, i.e., of experienced worlds. This assumption characterises Uexkullian phenomenology and makes it a genuine perspective within phenomenology. In this article I prepare the ground for such a phenomenology by treating the notion of phenomenology, the relation between semiotics and phenomenology, Husserl’s notion of Lebenswelt, and finally the notion of Uexkullian phenomenology. The purpose is to make the case that Uexkullian phenomenology is justified, and to situate it within phenomenological and semiotic thought at large.
A pilot project of an online cross-age tutoring program: crescent school virtual learning (vLearning)
Authors: Chow Ronald 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Traditional classroom teaching is the standard of education. However, there may be some students who feel uncomfortable approaching their teachers and may feel more at ease if they ask for assistance from their peers. There are two types of student-to-student tutoring methods that are supplements to classroom learning: peer tutoring between same-age students and cross-age tutoring between different-age children. Cross-age tutoring programs in which the tutor is 2–3 years older than the tutee have been reported to be more effective than those between same-age students in promoting student responsibility, empowerment and academic performance. A pilot online cross-age tutoring program was launched in September 2014 at Crescent School. A new website was designed, created and implemented with the permission and regular monitoring of the Student Services faculty for the online program – Crescent School Virtual Learning (vLearning). The program was well received and will undergo evaluation in the future.
Quasi-optimal convergence of AFEM based on separate marking, Part I
Authors: Rabus Hella 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVarious applications in computational fluid dynamics and solid mechanics motivate the development of reliable and efficient adaptive algorithms for nonstandard finite element methods (FEMs). Standard adaptive finite element algorithms consist of the iterative loop of the basic steps Solve, Estimate, Mark and Refine. For separate marking strategies, this standard scheme may be universalised. The (total) error estimator is split into a volume term and an error estimator term.Since the volume term is independent of the discrete solution, an appropriate data approximation may be realised by a high degree of local mesh refinement. This observation results in a natural adaptive algorithm based on separate marking. Its quasi-optimal convergence is proven in this first part for the Poisson model problem and nonconforming Crouzeix-Raviart FEM. The numerical experiments confirm the optimal convergence rates and reveal its flexibility. The second part is devoted to the quasi-optimality of S-AFEM-AA and the pure displacement problem in linear elasticity and the Stokes equations.
Increased levels of serum clusterin is associated with intrauterine growth restriction and adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia
Authors: Oztas Efser , Ozler Sibel , Ersoy Ali Ozgur , Iskender Can Tekin , Sucak Ayhan , Ergin Merve , Uygur Dilek , Danisman Nuri 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOur aim was to investigate serum clusterin levels in preeclampsia and to determine whether any changes in clusterin levels are useful in distinguishing the presence of concomitant intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and in predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.A prospective case-control study was carried out which included 86 pregnant women (47 patients with preeclampsia and 39 healthy controls). Maternal serum samples obtained from all participants and clusterin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Compared with controls, women with preeclampsia had significantly higher clusterin levels (mean 83.8±23.6 vs. 119.2±40.5, P<0.01). Further analysis revealed the highest clusterin levels were in patients with preeclampsia and IUGR (P<0.001). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis performed for the predictive value of clusterin levels for adverse maternal outcomes, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.738 (95% CI: 0.616–0.859). The best clusterin cut-off value in predicting adverse maternal outcomes was 102.6 pg/mL with 75% sensitivity and 66% specifity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed serum clusterin levels of >102.6 pg/mL was independently associated with preeclampsia (OR: 6.18, 95% CI: 2.41–15.9) and maternal adverse outcomes (OR: 5.13, 95% CI: 2.01–13.1) and also clusterin levels higher than 117.4 pg/mL were associated with adverse neonatal outcomes (OR: 5.02, 95% CI: 1.04–24.3).The current study suggests that increased levels of clusterin is associated with IUGR and probably predictive for adverse pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia.
Correlations of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, lymphocyte-to-monocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios with biomarkers of atherosclerosis risk and inflammatory response in patients with a history of breast cancer
Authors: Študentová Hana , Vitásková Denisa , Šrámek Vlastislav , Indráková Jarmila , Adam Tomáš , Juráňová Jarmila , Petrová Pavla , Krčmová Lenka Kujovská , Pešková Eliška , Solichová Dagmar , Kalábová Hana , Melichar Bohuslav 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlations of peripheral blood cell count (PBC)-derived ratios with neopterin concentration and biomarkers of atherosclerosis risk in patients with history of breast cancer. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated in three cohorts of patients with a history of breast cancer and in controls. Significant differences were observed between PBC-derived ratios obtained from automated and manual counts. NLR and PLR were significantly higher and LMR was significantly lower in patients. NLR and PLR correlated positively with each other and negatively with LMR. NLR exhibited a significant correlation with age, glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, whereas LMR correlated negatively with CRP. With the exception of a correlation between LMR and urinary or serum neopterin concentrations in controls, no other correlation between neopterin concentrations and PBC-derived ratios was observed. NLR ≥3 was a significant predictor of poor survival, but neither urinary neopterin ≥205 μmol/mol creatinine, NLR ≥150 nor LMR ≥4.25 was significantly associated with survival. In conclusion, no consistent correlation was observed between urinary and serum neopterin concentrations and any of the PBC-derived ratios. In a cohort of breast cancer patients, a higher NLR predicted poor survival.
The accurate continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter for continuous-time stochastic systems
Authors: Kulikov Gennady Yu. , Kulikova Maria V. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper elaborates a new approach to nonlinear filtering based on an accurate implementation of the continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter. It implies that the moment differential equations for calculating the predicted state mean of stochastic dynamic system and the corresponding error covariance matrix are solved accurately, i.e. with negligible error. The latter allows the total error of the extended Kalman filter to be reduced significantly and results in a new Accurate Continuous-Discrete Extended Kalman Filtering method. The developed technique is compared theoretically and numerically with other implementations of the extended Kalman filter to conform its outstanding performance on test examples.
Three-Dimensional Carrier Confinement in Strain-Induced Self-Assembled Quantum Dots
Authors: Petroff P.M. , Medeiros-Ribeiro G. 
Published: August 2015

Recent technological and materials advances in semiconductors have brought about the possibility of producing heterostructures within which carriers are confined to an ultrasmall region of space (a few thousand atoms) by a potential barrier. When the dimensions of the confining potential are smaller than the electron wavelength (a few tens of nanometers), the semiconductor electronic and optical properties are drastically altered. In these so-called quantum structures, carrier energy levels are quantized and their energy depends on the confining-potential dimensions and magnitude.Some of these quantum structures have already found technological applications. For example the quantum-well (QW) semiconductor laser is part of every CD player. It is also widely used as the light source for intercontinental optical communications. The carrier confining potential in this case is provided by two wider bandgap semiconductor layers sandwiching a thin (3–20 nm) smaller bandgap semiconductor film. The carriers have two degrees of freedom within the QW. The QWs are grown by epitaxial deposition on a crystalline substrate. The substrate may or may not be lattice-matched with the epitaxial film. In some instances, a small lattice mismatch may be required to obtain the desired band-gap value for the QW material. These are the so-called pseudomorphically strained QW structures and devices.
Holographic-Data-Storage Materials
Authors: Bernal M-P. , Burr G.W. , Coufal H. , Grygier R.K. , Hoffnagle J.A. , Jefferson C.M. , Macfarlane R.M. , Shelby R.M. , Sincerbox G.T. , Wittmann G. 
Published: August 2015

In holographic data storage, a photo-sensitive medium is exposed to the interference pattern that is generated when an object beam, with an input data page encoded in the spatial profile of the beam, is intersected by a second, coherent laser beam. The photosensitive medium replicates these interference fringes as a change in optical absorption, refractive index, or thickness. Data are retrieved from the medium by exposing it to light from just one of the beams, which is then diffracted from the stored fringe pattern to reconstruct the other beam, including all the information that had been in the input data page. For a material of sufficient thickness, a large number of interference patterns, each identified by a different grating vector, can be stored or “multiplexed” in the same volume element, with negligible crosstalk between the individual interference patterns. Multiplexing of a large number of pages in the same volume element of the recording medium can be accomplished in several ways—for example by varying the angle between object and reference beam or the wavelength of both beams. Given no other limiting factors, the number of holograms that can be multiplexed in one volume element is directly proportional to the product of the thickness of the medium and its refractive index—that is, materials with optical thicknesses of the order of several millimeters are desirable.By its very nature, the holographic-storage mechanism distributes the stored information redundantly throughout the recording volume.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO E INTERCEPTAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DAS CHUVAS
Authors: Rodrigues Valdemir Antonio , Sánchez-Román Rodrigo Máximo , Tarjuelo José Maria , Sartori Maria Márcia Pereira , Canales Antonio Ruiz 
Published: August 2015

AVALIAÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO E INTERCEPTAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DAS CHUVAS VALDEMIR ANTONIO RODRIGUES1; RODRIGO M. SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN1; JOSÉ MARIA TARJUELO2; MARIA MÁRCIA PEREIRA SARTORI1 E ANTONIO RUIZ CANALES3 (1)Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas -Universidade Estadual Paulista. UNESP. Botucatu - SP - Brasil.(2)Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Agrícola - Universidad CastillaLa Mancha. UCLM. Albacete. Espanha.(3)Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela - Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Orihuele Espanha.E-mails: valdemirrodrigues@fca.unesp.br, rmsroman@fca.unesp.br, jose.tarjuelo@uclm.es,mmpsartori@fca.unesp.br, aruizcanales@gmail.com, 1 RESUMO Os objetivos foram quantificar o escoamento superficial em diferentes coberturas do solo; analisar a função da vegetação na interceptação da água e controle da erosão; discutir os fatores que alteram a dinâmica da água em parcelas experimentais. O trabalho foi realizado na fazenda São Manuel, no estado de São Paulo (FCA/UNESP), em parcelas de solos com: cobertura vegetal, gramíneas, sem cobertura vegetal e solo impermeabilizado. As simulações de chuvas foram realizadas com quatro tempos de duração. Os tipos de cobertura do solo, intensidade das precipitações, influenciaram no escoamento superficial com maior sedimentação, enquanto que no solo com vegetação ocorreu interceptação pelas copas e menor mobilização de sedimentos. O coeficiente de escoamento superficial foi baixo na presença de vegetação resultando em maior infiltração e melhor regularidade da vazão. Enquanto que a erosão e sedimentos aumentaram nos solos desprotegidos alterando a dinâmica hidrológica em microbacias. Palavras - chave: precipitação, vegetação, erosão do solo, microbacia. RODRIGUES, V. A.; ROMÁN, R. M. S.; TARJUELO, J. M.; SARTORI, M. M. P;RUIZ CANALES, A.EVALUATION OF RUNOFF AND INTERCEPTION OF RAINFALL 2 ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to quantify the surface runoff in different soil covers; analyze the effect of the forest on water interception and on erosion control; discuss the factors affecting water dynamics in experimental plots. The study was conducted at the São Manuel farm, São Paulo State - FCA/UNESP, in soil plots as follows: with vegetative cover, grasses, without vegetative cover and impervious soil. Rainfall simulations were performed using four time periods. The types of soil covering and rainfall intensity affected surface runoff causing higher sedimentation, whereas interception by the canopies and lower sediment mobilization were found in soil with vegetation. The coefficient of surface runoff was low in the presence of vegetation, leading to higher infiltration and better flow regularity, whereas erosion and sediments increased in unprotected soils affecting hydrological dynamics in micro watersheds. Keywords: precipitation, vegetation, soil erosion, micro watershed.
Temporal Governance. Time, Exhortation and Planning in British Government, c.1959–c.1979
Authors: O'Hara Glen 
Published: August 2015

Temporal Governance. Time, Exhortation and Planning in British Government, c.1959-c.1979 The early 1960s saw a number of long-term plans being issued by the British government – for roads, hospitals, new towns, social care, and even the whole economy. A «Very Long Term Planning Group» within Whitehall even looked 25 years into the future, to inform the setting of priorities. By the 1970s, however, this effort seemed to have entirely broken down, and the UK Government was involved in a day-to-day struggle even to keep electricity supplies flowing. Incomes policies and industrial subsidies focused, not on the twenty-first century, but on day-to-day negotiations in particular sectors of the economy. This article will explore this retreat from forethought and precommitment. What factors explain this remarkable retreat from ambitious and hopeful plans of a «scientific» future? It will argue that the British Government's peculiar challenges – of managing a large defence budget, a reserve currency and an international financial centre – made it much more vulnerable to recurrent crises, and a constant sense of emergency, helping to explain why more immediate and rapid «solutions» were applied, in the Thatcherite 1980s, than in France or West Germany.
Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation: epidemiology and economic aspects
Authors: Valiullina S A , Sharova E A 
Published: August 2015

Aim. To define epidemiological features of traumatic brain injury in children and to assess economic losses caused by this condition.
Methods. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children for the period of 2003-2012 in Russia according to State Statistical Database. Direct and indirect economic losses (overall and per patient) were calculated for 2012.
Results. The study revealed an increase of traumatic brain injury prevalence in children for the analyzed period, with the domestic traumatism prevailing among all brain trauma injuries, especially in girls. The amount of economic losses due to traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation in 2012 was about 4 milliard roubles. However, this figure is considerably underestimated, because the amount of expenses per one patient with traumatic brain injury is a quarter less compared to the standard sum per one case traumatic brain injury according to the standards of obligatory health insurance. On the one hand, it may be explained by high admission rate in children with minor head injury. On the other hand, it may be a result of insufficient healthcare funding as well as unaccounted expenses for medical care and drug coverage, especially in children with severe traumatic brain injury.
Conclusion. The reduction of economic losses due to pediatric traumatic brain injury is possible not only by preventing new cases of traumatic brain injury but also by optimizing medical care.