bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and Risk Factors Associated with Permanent Stomas After Sphincter‐Saving Resection for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Seo Seok In , Yu Chang Sik , Kim Gwon Sik , Lee Jong Lyul , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Chan Wook , Lim Seok‐Byung , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors and patient characteristics associated with permanent stomas after sphincter‐saving resection for rectal cancer.MethodBetween 2000 and 2007, 2,362 patients underwent sphincter‐saving surgery [low anterior resection or ultra‐low anterior resection (uLAR)] for rectal cancer. These patients were divided into two groups: 71 patients with permanent stomas and 2,291 patients without permanent stomas after rectal cancer surgery.ResultsOf the 71 permanent stomas (3 % of the patients), 34 (48 %) were ileostomies, 11 (15 %) were loop colostomies, 10 (14 %) were treated by Hartmann’s operation, and 16 (23 %) were treated by abdominoperineal resection. Diverting stomas were created in 364 patients; 3 % (n = 11) of them could not be reversed due to anastomosis‐related complications. Permanent stomas were constructed at a median of 20 months after sphincter‐saving surgery for rectal cancer. The main causes of permanent stomas were local recurrence (n = 27), anastomotic leakage (n = 12), fistula (n = 9), and anastomosis site stricture (n = 7). The main causes of early permanent stomas (<1 year) were anastomosis‐related complications, whereas for late permanent stomas (≥1 year), the main cause was local cancer recurrence. The independent risk factors for permanent stomas were local recurrence, postoperative pelvic sepsis, male gender of the patient, the uLAR operation type, and perioperative radiation therapy.ConclusionsIn a high‐volume surgical center, sphincter‐saving surgery for rectal cancer is associated with a low incidence of permanent stoma.
Gender Differences in Prescribing Among Veterans Diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Bernardy Nancy C. , Lund Brian C. , Alexander Bruce , Jenkyn Aaron B. , Schnurr Paula P. , Friedman Matthew J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defense (DoD) issued a revised posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) in 2010 with specific pharmacotherapy recommendations for evidence-based quality care. The authors examined prescribing frequencies over an 11-year period prior to the release of the new guideline to determine gender differences in pharmacotherapy treatment in veterans with PTSD.

METHOD
National administrative VA data from 1999 to 2009 were used to identify veterans with PTSD using ICD-9 codes extracted from inpatient discharges and outpatient clinic visits. Prescribing of antidepressants, antipsychotics and hypnotics was determined for each year using prescription drug files.

RESULTS
Women were more likely than men to receive medication across all classes except prazosin where men had higher prescribing frequency. The proportion of women receiving either of the first-line pharmacotherapy treatments for PTSD, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), increased from 56.4 % in 1999 to 65.7 % in 2009, higher rates than seen in men (49.2 % to 58.3 %). Atypical antipsychotic prescriptions increased from 14.6 % to 26.3 % and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics increased from 3.8 % to 16.9 % for women, higher frequencies than seen in men for both medications (OR = 1.31, 1.43 respectively). The most notable gender discrepancy was observed for benzodiazepines where prescriptions decreased for men (36.7 % in 1999 to 29.8 % in 2009) but steadily increased for women from 33.4 % to 38.3 %.

CONCLUSION
A consistent pattern of increased prescribing of psychotropic medications among women with PTSD was seen compared to men. Prescribing frequency for benzodiazepines showed a marked gender difference with a steady increase for women despite guideline recommendations against use and a decrease for men. Common co-occurring disorders and sleep symptom management are important factors of PTSD pharmacotherapy and may contribute to gender differences seen in prescribing benzodiazepines in women but do not fully explain the apparent disparity.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Women Veterans
Authors: Rose Danielle E. , Farmer Melissa M. , Yano Elizabeth M. , Washington Donna L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Heart disease is the leading cause of death for women in the United States, accounting for 24.5 % of all deaths among women. Earlier research has demonstrated racial/ethnic differences in prevalence of cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors.

OBJECTIVE
To empirically examine the prevalence of CVD risk factors among a national sample of women Veterans by race/ethnicity, providing the first portrait of women Veterans’ cardiovascular care needs.

DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional, national population-based telephone survey of 3,611 women Veterans.

MEASUREMENTS
Women Veterans were queried about presence of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, tobacco use and physical activity. Four racial/ethnic categories were created: Hispanic, Non-Hispanic White (White), Non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Other. Logistic regressions were conducted for each risk factor to test for racial/ethnic differences, controlling for age (under 40 vs. 40 and over).

KEY RESULTS
Racial/ethnic differences in CVD risk factors persisted after adjusting for age. Black women Veterans were more likely to report a diagnosis of diabetes (OR: 2.58, 95 % CI: 1.07, 6.21) or hypertension (OR: 2.31, 95 % CI: 1.10, 4.83) and be obese (OR: 2.06, 95 % CI: 1.05, 3.91) than White women Veterans. Hispanic women Veterans were more likely than White women Veterans to report diabetes (OR: 4.20, 95 % CI: 1.15, 15.39) and daily smoking (OR: 3.38, 95 % CI: 1.01, 11.30), but less likely to report a hypertension diagnosis (OR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.64) or to be obese (OR: 0.39, 95 % CI: 0.18, 0.81).

CONCLUSIONS
Among women Veterans, CVD risks vary by race/ethnicity. Black women Veterans consistently face higher CVD risk compared to White women Veterans, while results are mixed for Hispanic women Veterans.
Sex Disparities in Overall Burden of Disease Among HIV-Infected Individuals in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System
Authors: Blackstock Oni J. , Tate Janet P. , Akgün Kathleen M. , Crystal Stephen , Duggal Mona , Edelman E. Jennifer , Gibert Cynthia L. , Gordon Kirsha S. , Rimland David , Rodriguez-Barradas Maria C. , Wang Emily A. , Fiellin David A. , Justice Amy C. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWhether sex disparities exist in overall burden of disease among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system (VA) is unknown.OBJECTIVETo determine whether sex differences exist in overall burden of disease after 1 year of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected individuals in VA.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.PARTICIPANTSAmong patients in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Virtual Cohort (VACS-VC), all ART-naïve HIV-infected Veterans who received VA-based HIV care between 1996 and 2009.MAIN MEASURESOverall burden of disease was measured using the VACS Index, an index that incorporates HIV (e.g. CD4 cell count) and non-HIV biomarkers (e.g. hemoglobin) and is highly predictive of all-cause mortality. Possible scores range from 0 to 164, although scores typically range from 0 to 50 for 80 % of patients in VACS-VC. A higher score indicates greater burden of disease (each additional five points indicates approximately 20 % increased 5-year mortality risk). ART adherence was measured using pharmacy data.KEY RESULTSComplete data were available for 227 women and 8,073 men. At ART initiation, compared with men, women were younger and more likely to be Black, less likely to have liver dysfunction, but more likely to have lower hemoglobin levels. Median VACS Index scores changed from ART initiation to 1 year after ART initiation: women’s scores went from 41 to 28 for women (13 point improvement) and men’s from 42 to 27 for men (15 point improvement). In multivariable regression, women had 3.6 point worse scores than men after 1 year on ART (p = 0.002); this difference decreased to 3.2 points after adjusting for adherence (p = 0.004).CONCLUSIONSIn VA, compared to men, women experienced less improvement in overall burden of disease after 1 year of HIV treatment. Further study is needed to elucidate the modifiable factors that may explain this disparity.
Factors Related to Attrition from VA Healthcare Use: Findings from the National Survey of Women Veterans
Authors: Hamilton Alison B. , Frayne Susan M. , Cordasco Kristina M. , Washington Donna L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
While prior research characterizes women Veterans’ barriers to accessing and using Veterans Health Administration (VA) care, there has been little attention to women who access VA and use services, but then discontinue use. Recent data suggest that among women Veterans, there is a 30 % attrition rate within 3 years of initial VA use.

OBJECTIVES
To compare individual characteristics and perceptions about VA care between women Veteran VA attriters (those who discontinue use) and non-attriters (those who continue use), and to compare recent versus remote attriters.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional, population-based 2008–2009 national telephone survey.

PARTICIPANTS
Six hundred twenty-six attriters and 2,065 non-attriters who responded to the National Survey of Women Veterans.

MAIN MEASURES
Population weighted demographic, military and health characteristics; perceptions about VA healthcare; length of time since last VA use; among attriters, reasons for no longer using VA care.

KEY RESULTS
Fifty-four percent of the weighted VA ever user population reported that they no longer use VA. Forty-five percent of attrition was within the past ten years. Attriters had better overall health (p = 0.007), higher income (p < 0.001), and were more likely to have health insurance (p < 0.001) compared with non-attriters. Attriters had less positive perceptions of VA than non-attriters, with attriters having lower ratings of VA quality and of gender-specific features of VA care (p < 0.001). Women Veterans who discontinued VA use since 2001 did not differ from those with more remote VA use on most measures of VA perceptions. Overall, among attriters, distance to VA sites of care and having alternate insurance coverage were the most common reasons for discontinuing VA use.

CONCLUSIONS
We found high VA attrition despite recent advances in VA care for women Veterans. Women’s attrition from VA could reduce the critical mass of women Veterans in VA and affect current system-wide efforts to provide high-quality care for women Veterans. An understanding of reasons for attrition can inform organizational efforts to re-engage women who have attrited, to retain current users, and potentially to attract new VA patients.
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Women Veterans at VA Medical Facilities
Authors: Vimalananda Varsha G. , Miller Donald R. , Christiansen Cindy L. , Wang Wenyu , Tremblay Patricia , Fincke B. Graeme 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity in middle adulthood each elevate the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of these conditions among women veterans is incompletely described.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the prevalence of CVD risk factors among women veterans in middle adulthood.

DESIGN
Serial cross-sectional studies of data from the Diabetes Epidemiologic Cohorts (DEpiC), a national, longitudinal data set including information on all patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VA).

PARTICIPANTS
Women veterans (n = 255,891) and men veterans (n = 2,271,605) aged 35–64 receiving VA care in fiscal year (FY) 2010.

MAIN MEASURES
Prevalence of CVD risk factors in FY2010 by age and, for those aged 45–54 years, by race, region, period of military service, priority status, and mental illness or substance abuse; prevalence by year from 2000 to 2010 in women veterans receiving VA care in both 2000 and 2010 who were free of the factor in 2000.

KEY RESULTS
Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were common among women and men, although more so among men. Hypertension was present in 13 % of women aged 35–44 years, 28 % of women aged 45–54, and 42 % of women aged 55–64. Hyperlipidemia prevalence was similar. Diabetes affected 4 % of women aged 35–44, and increased more than four-fold in prevalence to 18 % by age 55–64. The prevalence of obesity increased from 14 % to 18 % with age among women and was similarly prevalent in men. The relative rate of having two or more CVD risk factors in women compared to men increased progressively with age, from 0.55 (35–44 years) to 0.71 (45–54) to 0.73 (55–64). Most of the women with a factor present in 2010 were first diagnosed with the condition in the 10 years between 2000 and 2010.

CONCLUSIONS
CVD risk factors are common among women veterans aged 35–64. Future research should investigate which interventions would most effectively reduce risk in this population.
Three Dissimilar High Fat Diets Differentially Regulate Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Obesity‐Resistant Slc:Wistar/ST Rats
Authors: Hashimoto Yoko , Yamada Kazuyo , Tsushima Hiromi , Miyazawa Daisuke , Mori Mayumi , Nishio Koji , Ohkubo Takeshi , Hibino Hidehiko , Ohara Naoki , Okuyama Harumi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEpidemiologic and ecologic studies suggest that dietary fat plays an important role in the development of obesity. Certain Wistar rat strains do not become obese when fed high‐fat diets unlike others. In a preliminary study, we confirmed that Slc:Wistar/ST rats did not become obese when fed high‐fat diets. The mechanisms governing the response of hepatic lipid‐metabolizing enzymes to large quantities of dietary lipids consumed by obesity‐resistant animals are unknown. The aim of the present study is to examine how obesity‐resistant animals metabolize various types of high‐fat diets and why they do not become obese. For this purpose, male Slc:Wistar/ST rats were fed a control low‐fat diet (LS) or a high‐fat diet containing fish oil (HF), soybean oil (HS), or lard (HL) for 4 weeks. We observed their phenotypes and determined lipid profiles in plasma and liver as well as mRNA expression levels in liver of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism using DNA microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain analyses. The body weights of all dietary groups were similar due to isocaloric intakes, whereas the weight of white adipose tissues in the LS group was significantly lower. The HF diet lowered plasma lipid levels by accelerated lipolysis in the peroxisomes and suppressed levels of very‐low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion. The HS diet promoted hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressed lipolysis in the peroxisomes and normal levels of VLDL secretion. The lipid profiles of rats fed the LS or HL diet were similar. The HL diet accelerated lipid and glucose metabolism.
Headspace Volatile Oxylipins of Eastern Himalayan Moss Cyathophorella adiantum Extracted by Sample Enrichment Probe
Authors: Mitra Souvik , Burger Ben V. , Poddar‐Sarkar Mousumi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCyathophorella adiantum (Griff.) M. Fleisch. (Division‐Bryophyta, Family‐Daltoniaceae), an Eastern Himalayan moss was studied for the first time to identify the volatiles derived from cellular and membrane bound fatty acids. A high capacity sample enrichment probe (SEP) was used for extraction of headspace volatile (HSV) molecules followed by GC–MS analysis. Different short‐chain oxylipins like alkenes, alkanes, saturated and unsaturated alcohols, saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketones were identified along with free and esterified fatty acids, cyclo compounds and some by‐products of secondary metabolites. Fatty acid analysis of neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) of this plant exhibits the predominance of C16 and C18 fatty acids. It also reveals some interesting information that might indicate the possible fatty acid precursors for volatile generation and their sources in this plant.
K-rich Titanate from the Jharia Ultrapotassic Rock, Gondwana Coal Fields, Eastern India, and its Petrological Significance
Authors: Rao N. V. Chalapathi , Sinha Anup K. , Kumar Suresh , K.Srivastava Rajesh 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We report a rare accessory groundmass mineral of K-rich titanate, having a composition close to that of potassium triskaidecatitanate (K2Ti13O27), from an underground drill-core sample of ultrapotassic rock from south-western part of the Jharia coal field in the Damodar valley, at the northern margin of the Singhbhum craton, Eastern India. Potassium triskaidecatitanate is regarded as a typomorphic mineral of orangeites (Group II kimberlites) of Kaapvaal craton, southern Africa, and its occurrence in the Jharia ultrapotassic rock is significant since ultrapotassic suite of rocks elsewhere from the Damodar valley have been recently suggested to be peralkaline lamproites based on mineral-genetic classification. The important role played by a unique geodynamic setting (involving a thinned metasomatised lithospheric mantle and inheritance of an Archaean subduction component) at the northern margin of the Singhbhum craton in deciding the petrological diversity of the early Cretaceous ultrapotassic intrusives from the Damodar valley is highlighted in this study.
First Finding of Native Gold from the Chromitites of the Mesoarchaean Tagadur Mines, Nuggihalli Schist Belt, Dharwar Craton, South India
Authors: Babu E. V. S. S. K. , Rao D. V. Subba 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Occurrence of native gold in ultramafic rocks is rather rare. Such occurrences serve as snapshots of the underlying processes leading to their formation and modifications thereafter. Presence of native gold as flakes were earlier reported from the chromites of rock massifs of Kraka, southern Urals, Russia (Kovalev et al. 2007). Gold spherules also occur as tiny inclusions (5-30 µm) in olivine, pyrrohotite and magnetite grains from the ultrabasic rocks of Loveld deposit, South Africa (Rozhkov, 1967). Here we report, probably for the first time, occurrence of native gold from the chromitites of the Mesoarchaean Tagadur Mines of the Nuggihalli Schist Belt (NSB), Dharwar Craton, south India. Geological Survey of India (2006) has already reported significant gold content from the bulk ultramafic rocks of Kempinakote area far south of the current study area. A short discussion on the preliminary petrographic features of the gold grains and its significance is presented.
Subcrop Gondwana of Bengal Basin and their Reservoir Characteristics
Authors: Banerjee B. , Marak I. A. , Biswas A. K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In Bengal basin the subcrop Gondwana sediments occur in N-S trending elongated grabens originated largely by the graben forming tectonisms of the Gondwanaland which overlie the crystalline basement in the sub-surface in an intra-cratonic setup. So far five wells in shelf part of Bengal Basin have penetrated Gondwana sediments, out of which three wells i.e., G1, G3 and G2 have been drilled up to Precambrian basement. In subcrop Gondwana graben, glacial to glacio-fluvial Talchir Formation of Early Permian age was deposited above the basement. Early Permian Barakar Formation overlies Talchir Formaion. Flood basin model of deposition is postulated for this coal rich unit. In the absence of Barren Measure Formation, coal bearing Raniganj Formation overlies Barakar Formation. The fluvial set up changed over to arid environment during deposition of Panchet/Supra Panchet Formation (undifferentiated). The deposition of Panchet Formation is followed by eruption of doleritic rocks in both subcrop and outcrop Bengal Gondwana whereas lamprophyres are absent in subcrop of Bengal Gondwana. Rifting as well as pull-apart basin model due to transtensional movement is postulated for Gondwana basins. Detailed lithostratigraphic analysis of the core / cutting samples of the Gondwana sediments reveal that the sediments are mainly fine to coarse grained, poorly sorted sandstone. These sediments are characterized as poor reservoir and needs some treatment for permeability enhancement for hydrocarbon production.
Petrology and Geochemistry of Metapelites and Basic Granulites from Sonapahar Region of Shillong Meghalaya Gneissic Complex, North East India
Authors: Dwivedi S. B. , Theunuo K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The geochemistry of the metapelites and basic granulite of Sonapahar has been studied in order to assess the nature of the protolith and their likely tectonic environment. Metapelites contains SiO2 (av. 62.16wt %), K2O+Na2O (av. 4.57 wt%), Al2O3 (av. 16.69 wt%), MgO (av. 5.31 wt%), Mg# av. 0.60 and low TiO2 (av. 0.68 wt%) with low Y (av. 23.48 ppm) and Yb (av. 1.6 ppm) which point to their derivation from andesite source. Metapelites show prominent negative europium anomaly (EuN/Eu* = 0.38-0.54) and fractionated LREE to HREE pattern (LaN/LuN) 17.23 to 56.69. Basic granulites demonstrate low content of SiO2 (av50.95 wt%), Al2O3 (av13.67 wt%), K2O (av 0.58 wt%) and enriched in Fe2 O3t (av 11.42 wt%), MgO (av 7.29 wt%), CaO (av 10.60 wt %), Na2 O (av 2.26 wt%), Mg# av. 0.56 and range from calc-alkaline to tholeiitic in nature. The geochemistry of the metapelites and basic granulites advocate that metapelites are derived from arc related andesitic source due to subduction whereas protoliths of basic granulites was originated in rift related volcanism through diapiric movement of hot rising mantle derived basaltic magmas.
Seismic Microzonation Study in Doon Valley, Northwest Himalaya, India
Authors: Mundepi A. K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Fundamental frequency map of site amplification at different sites in Doon valley, Uttarakhand, India is prepared from microtremor (ground ambient noise) using Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) technique. The fan deposited alluvium filled synclinal valley of Doon lies between Main Boundary Thrust (MFT) and Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) in the Himalayan active seismic belt and experienced many earthquakes in the past. The HVSR at different sites in the Doon valley ranges between the predominant frequencies 0.13 and 12.77 Hz. The HVSR in lower frequencies indicates that the site has either thick sediment covers or less compact rocks with fractures. Based on information on fundamental frequency and soft soil thickness, site classification map is generated. Results indicate that degree of compactness of rock types and presences of sediments vary significantly, which may play a major role in seismic hazard. The use of microtremor, therefore, constitutes an effective and inexpensive approach to site response and soft soil thickness estimation for preliminary microzonation.