bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the static and low‐velocity impact performance of 3D braided spacer composites
Authors: Xu Weihao , Wang Yuqing , Gu Zhiqi , Wang Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Yuanyuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo meet the lightweight requirements of advanced composite materials, the ultralightweight three‐dimensional (3D) braided spacer composites were designed and manufactured by ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). The key structural effects of core column distances and core column heights on the static bending, compression, and low‐velocity impact properties of the composites were further investigated. Results indicated that the mechanical properties of 3D braided spacer composites was closely depended on their structural parameters. The flexure and compression of 3D braided spacer composites decreased with increasing core column distance and core column height. W1/H1 specimen showed the optimal bending and compressive performance. The maximum flexural strength and flexural modulus were approximately 54.77 MPa and 4.95 GPa, respectively. The low‐velocity impact properties were further investigated where the stiffness, energy absorption, and impact resistance of the composite decreased with increasing core column distance. The peak load and energy absorption of the W1 specimen were 2.39 kN and 7.99 J, respectively. While the low‐velocity impact properties increased with increasing core column distance. The H3 specimen exhibited the greatest stiffness, impact resistance and energy absorption with peak loads and energy absorption of 2.81 kN and 8.49 J, respectively. In addition, the macro morphology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)micrographs were examined to investigate the damage morphology and failure mechanism of the composites. The main failure modes were matrix cracking, interface debonding, fiber buckling, and dislocation, as well as tilting, and failure of the core columns. This work provides guidance for structural design and engineering application of 3D lightweight braided spacer composite.
Comparison of carbon‐reinforced composites manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion with traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins
Authors: Tosto Claudio , Saitta Lorena , Barouni Antigoni , Sarasini Fabrizio , Tirilló Jacopo , Bavasso Irene , Ziegmann Gerhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comparative analysis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites manufactured through vacuum assisted resin infusion (VARI) using a traditional epoxy resin (E), a fully‐recyclable epoxy resin system with (BBR10) and without (BBR) the addition of a reactive diluent (R*Diluent). Various mechanical and thermal tests were conducted to assess their performance. The BBR10 laminate, incorporating 10 wt% R*Diluent, exhibited competitive mechanical performance, comparable to traditional (E) and fully‐recyclable laminates (BBR). Despite a slightly lower ultimate tensile strength (UTS) compared with BBR, BBR10 demonstrated improved flexural strength and modulus. Low‐velocity impact testing confirmed comparable strength between VARI‐produced composites with the recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10) and the traditional one (E). X‐ray mCT investigations revealed distinct void arrangements in the CFRP laminates. Additionally, a chemical approach was employed for recovering high fractions of fibers from CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix (BBR and BBR10). Chemical recycling achieved an almost 100% yield for long carbon fibers.Highlights
Comparative analysis of CFRP composites manufactured through VARI.
Diluent addition allowed to tailor the recyclable epoxy viscosity.
Mechanical characterization of traditional and fully recyclable epoxy resins.
Investigation by X‐ray mCT of potential flaws and manufacturing defects.
Chemical recycling of CFRP laminates with a recyclable matrix.
The potential of ribonucleotide reductase M2 as a novel prognostic maker and therapeutic target to inhibit medulloblastoma proliferation, migration, and invasiveness
Authors: Wu Xuanxuan , Gou Pan , Fang Chencheng , Zhou Yudong , Li Lusheng , Zhai Xuan , Liang Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe crucial role of ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) enzyme in cancer occurrence and progression has been well‐established, but its specific function and significance in medulloblastoma (MB) remains largely unknown. First, we conducted a bioinformatics analysis of public genomic databases and observed highly expressed RRM2 in MB and an association of high RRM2 expression with adverse outcomes. In addition, by collecting clinical MB specimens for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), western blotting (WB), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), RRM2 was confirmed to be highly expressed in tumor tissues. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis linked adverse prognosis to high RRM2 expression. Moreover, knocking down RRM2 significantly inhibited MB cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. This report is the first to demonstrate the oncogenic role of RRM2 in MB, associated with adverse patient outcomes. Knocking down RRM2 contributes to weakened proliferating, migrating, and invading potentials of MB cells. RRM2 is expected to be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for MB.
Development of graphene oxide‐incorporated biopolymer‐carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum‐based hydrogel as an effective adsorbent for the sequestration of dye pollutants
Authors: Yadav Priyanka , Warkar Sudhir G. , Kumar Anil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe present study describes the facile synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and GO/carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG)‐based hydrogel composite. The synthesized GO/CMTKG/PAM hydrogel composite was applied as an adsorbent for the selective sequestration of toxic crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous medium. The impact of various controlling parameters such as contact time, pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature was studied. The experimental data obtained from the isotherm and kinetics modeling showed a good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model, respectively. The optimized concentration of dye was 40 mg L−1 for CV and 20 mg L−1 for MB, and the adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated to be 111 mg g−1 for CV dye and 25 mg g−1 for MB dye. The synthesized adsorbent exhibits excellent recyclability for dye uptake after six consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the simultaneous adsorption of CV and MB from the binary system was carried out to ascertain the utility of the adsorbent in a wide range of adsorption systems. The adsorbent was also found to act as a proficient adsorbent in various water samples. These results demonstrated that synthesized hydrogel can be successfully applied as an adsorbent for the sequestration of dye effluents in real‐time applications.Highlights
Hydrogel composite was successfully synthesized via a free radical mechanism.
It is an efficient adsorbent for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.
It shows selectivity towards cationic dyes and works in a binary mixture of cationic dyes.
It shows good removal efficacy in different water samples, including real wastewater samples.
It also shows proficient removal efficacy after six consecutive regeneration cycles.
A review on sustainable properties of plant fiber‐reinforced polymer composites: characteristics and properties
Authors: Sathish Mariappan , Radhika Nachimuthu , Venuvanka Nitin , Rajeshkumar Lakshminarasimhan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFiber‐reinforced composites have emerged as versatile materials with applications spanning diverse industries, driven by their exceptional mechanical properties and lightweight nature. This review provides a comprehensive overview of natural fiber‐reinforced composites, focusing on their enhanced mechanical and functional properties achieved through modern processing techniques. The study delves into various manufacturing methods, such as thermoforming, additive manufacturing, compression molding, electro‐spinning, pultrusion and autoclave molding, which have significantly contributed to the advancement of these composites. The review further investigates the multifaceted properties of these composites, which highlights the versatility and applicability of these materials and provides a holistic understanding of their potential applications. Additionally, the work addresses current research gaps and identifies prospects, shedding light on the evolving landscape of natural fiber‐reinforced composites. The synthesis of processing techniques, material properties and potential applications offers valuable insights for researchers, practitioners and industries aiming to harness the full potential of these sustainable and high‐performance materials. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Posttraumatic osteoarthritis after athletic knee injury: A narrative review of diagnostic imaging strategies
Authors: Fogarty Alexandra E. , Chiang Michael C. , Douglas Stephanie , Yaeger Lauren H. , Ambrosio Fabrisia , Lattermann Christian , Jacobs Cale , Borg‐Stein Joanne , Tenforde Adam S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntraarticular knee injuries and subsequent posttraumatic arthritis (PTOA) are common in athletes. Unfortunately, PTOA may significantly affect performance and overall function, but this condition remains difficult to characterize. In this review, we provide an overview of imaging modalities used to evaluate PTOA among athletes and physically active individuals following knee injury, with the goal to discuss the strengths and limitations of their application in this population. A literature search was performed to identify clinical studies focusing of knee injuries in athletes and athletic persons, specifically using imaging for diagnosis or monitoring disease progression. A total of 81 articles were identified, and 23 were included for review. Studies on plain radiographs (n = 8) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessed arthritic burden (n = 13), with MRI able to depict the earliest cartilage changes. Few studies (n = 2) leveraged ultrasound. Challenges persist, particularly regarding standardization and reliability across different radiographic grading systems. Additionally, further research is needed to establish the clinical significance of techniques to assess cartilage composition on MRI, including ultrashort echo‐time enhanced T2*, T1rho and T2 imaging. Addressing these challenges through standardized protocols and intensified research efforts will enhance the diagnostic utility of imaging modalities in musculoskeletal medicine and enable high‐quality prospective studies.
Magnoflorine alleviates dextran sulfate sodium‐induced ulcerative colitis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Yang Yi , Li Lu , Xie Jiachen , Yang Junjie , Zhang Fangling , Duan Liting , Hao Junjie , Tong Yuling , He Yuxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMagnoflorine (Mag), a natural alkaloid component originating from the Ranunculaceae Juss. Family, has a various of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of Mag on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) based on comprehensive approaches. Therapeutic effects of Mag on 3% DSS‐induced UC mice were analyzed. UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS was performed to investigate the potential metabolites and signaling pathway of Mag on DSS‐induced UC. Furthermore, the predicted mRNA and protein levels of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in colon tissue were verified and assessed by qRT‐PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. Therapeutic effects of Mag on UC mice were presented in down‐regulation serum biochemical indices, alleviating histological damage of colon tissue. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that the potential mechanism of Mag on UC is mainly associated with the regulation of six biomarkers and 11 pathways, which may be responsible for the therapeutic efficacy of UC. The “component–metabolites–targets” interactive network indicated that Mag exerts its anti‐UC effect by regulating PTGS1 and PTGS2, thereby regulating arachidonic acid. Moreover, the results of qRT‐PCR showed that Mag could substantially decrease the relative mRNA expression level of Hub genes. In addition, it was found that Mag could inhibit the relative mRNA and protein expression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The present results highlighted the role of Mag ameliorated colon injury in DSS‐induced UC mice by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. These results suggest that Mag may be an effective agent for the treatment of UC.
Static output feedback LFC for semi‐Markov type interconnected multi‐area power systems: A non‐fragile PI strategy
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Li Yulong , Cheng Jun , Shi Kaibo , Qiu Kun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the static output feedback load frequency control (LFC) problem for semi‐Markov type interconnected multi‐area power systems (IMAPSs) through non‐fragile proportional‐integral (PI) strategy. Primarily, by roundly exploiting the dynamical properties and considering random mutations of the IMAPSs, the semi‐Markov jump process (MJP) is elaborately scheduled for establishing the dynamical model with precision. Subsequently, on account of the characteristic of geographical isolation, a memory‐like sampled‐data LFC mechanism considering time‐varying transmission delay for the semi‐Markov jump IMPASs is formulated accordingly. Additionally, the non‐fragile issue is explored for the PI controller gain fluctuations to meet the actual operation scenario. After that, a mode‐dependent two‐side polynomial‐type looped Lyapunov functional is constructed for enhancing flexibility. Then, in virtue of the stochastic analysis technique, some relaxed conditions guaranteeing stochastic stability with prescribed performance are thereby derived in the shape of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Ultimately, a numerical example is carried out to validate the efficacy of the developed control methodology.
Detecting selective logging in tropical forests with optical satellite data: an experiment in Peru shows texture at 3 m gives the best results
Authors: Aquino Chiara , Mitchard Edward T. A. , McNicol Iain M. , Carstairs Harry , Burt Andrew , Vilca Beisit L. P. , Mayta Sylvia , Disney Mathias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelective logging is known to be widespread in the tropics, but is currently very poorly mapped, in part because there is little quantitative data on which satellite sensor characteristics and analysis methods are best at detecting it. To improve this, we used data from the Tropical Forest Degradation Experiment (FODEX) plots in the southern Peruvian Amazon, where different numbers of trees had been removed from four plots of 1 ha each, carefully inventoried by hand and terrestrial laser scanning before and after the logging to give a range of biomass loss (∆AGB) values. We conducted a comparative study of six multispectral optical satellite sensors at 0.3–30 m spatial resolution, to find the best combination of sensor and remote sensing indicator for change detection. Spectral reflectance, the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and texture parameters were extracted after radiometric calibration and image preprocessing. The strength of the relationships between the change in these values and field‐measured ∆AGB (computed in % ha−1) was analysed. The results demonstrate that: (a) texture measures correlates more with ∆AGB than simple spectral parameters; (b) the strongest correlations are achieved for those sensors with spatial resolutions in the intermediate range (1.5–10 m), with finer or coarser resolutions producing worse results, and (c) when texture is computed using a moving square window ranging between 9 and 14 m in length. Maps predicting ∆AGB showed very promising results using a NIR‐derived texture parameter for 3 m resolution PlanetScope (R2 = 0.97 and root mean square error (RMSE) = 1.91% ha−1), followed by 1.5 m SPOT‐7 (R2 = 0.76 and RMSE = 5.06% ha−1) and 10 m Sentinel‐2 (R2 = 0.79 and RMSE = 4.77% ha−1). Our findings imply that, at least for lowland Peru, low‐medium intensity disturbance can be detected best in optical wavelengths using a texture measure derived from 3 m PlanetScope data.
The impact of water hyacinth biochar on maize growth and soil properties: The influence of pyrolysis temperature
Authors: Gezahegn Ashenafei , Selassie Yihenew G. , Agegnehu Getachew , Addisu Solomon , Mihretie Fekremariam Asargew , Kohira Yudai , Lewoyehu Mekuanint , Sato Shinjiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOptions for managing water hyacinths (WHs) include converting the biomass into biochar for soil amendment. However, less has been known about the impact of WH‐based biochar developed in varying pyrolysis temperatures on plant growth and soil qualities.Materials and MethodsA pot experiment was undertaken in a factorial combination of WH biochars (WHBs) developed at three temperatures (350°C, 550°C and 750°C) and two application rates (5 and 20 t ha−1), plus a control without biochar. Maize was grown as a test crop for 2 months under natural conditions.ResultsOur study showed that applying WHB developed between 350°C and 750°C at 20 t ha−1 increased maize shoot and root dry biomass by 47.7% to 17.6% and 78.4% to 54.1%, respectively. Nevertheless, raising the biochar pyrolysis temperature decreased maize growth, whereas increasing the application rate displayed a positive effect. The application of WHB generated at 350°C and 550°C at 20 t ha−1 resulted in significant improvements in soil total nitrogen (17.9% to 25%), cation exchange capacity (27.3% to 20.2%), and ammonium‐nitrogen (60.7% to 59.6%), respectively, over the control. Additionally, applying WHB produced from 350°C to 750°C at 20 t ha−1 enhanced soil carbon by 38.5%–56.3%, compared to the control. Conversely, applying biochar produced at 750°C resulted in higher soil pH (6.3 ± 0.103), electrical conductivity (0.23 ± 0.01 dS m−1) and available phosphorus (21.8 ± 2.53 mg kg−1).ConclusionWHBs developed at temperatures of 350°C and 550°C with an application rate of 20 t ha−1 were found to be optimal for growing maize and improving soil characteristics. Our study concludes that pyrolysis temperature significantly governs the effectiveness of biochar produced from a specific biomass source.
Evaluation of banana peel extract (Musa sapientum L.) as a natural antimicrobial for livestock farming
Authors: Semangoen Tistaya , Chotigawin Rotruedee , Sangnim Tanikan , Chailerd Nattida , Pahasup‐anan Taddao , Huanbutta Kampanart 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionOne of the primary objectives of managing microbial content in livestock farming is to control diseases in the respective animals. Nevertheless, the pervasive development of drug‐resistant bacteria is a consequence of the high levels of antibiotic use that are necessary to achieve this objective. This situation exacerbates animal disease and poses a threat to human health. The purpose of this study was to investigate alternative microbial control methods in livestock farming using banana peel extract.Materials & MethodsThe antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of peel extracts from unripe and ripe cultivated bananas were examined and compared.ResultsThe results are notable because they show that the unripe banana peel extracts exhibited significantly better antioxidant activity than the ripe banana peel extracts in 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) tests. Furthermore, the unripe banana peels showed significant antimicrobial activity in vitro against four bacteria that are commonly found in swine and poultry houses, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, Exiguobacterium indicum, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus siamensis, Bacillus altitudinis, Pantoea ananatis, and Bacillus megaterium. This activity was probably due to their high levels of total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Then, the spray formulation loaded with the concentrated unripe banana peel extract that was five times higher than the minimum bactericidal concentration was developed and tested. Ethanol, sodium benzoate, tween 80, and glycerine were applied as additives in the spray formulation to increase the extract's solubility and stability. It was found that the developed spray formulation effectively inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis.ConclusionThese research outcomes show that the possible application of banana peel extract is an excellent approach because it is an eco‐friendly alternative to control microorganisms undesired microbial growth in farm animals.
“On Mars, we will speak Arabic”: Negotiating identity in upper secondary physics in Denmark
Authors: Doerr Katherine , Bruun Jesper 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSeeking to make upper secondary school physics more relevant and engaging, an online collaborative learning curriculum was designed. Each of the curriculum's lessons was structured as a goal‐based scenario about human scientists on Mars. Video and audio data from the curriculum's implementation in Denmark was collected. This study utilized the theoretical lenses intersectionality, repertoires of practice, and epistemic agency. The use of comics as an analytical tool provided a novel and accessible way to depict the complex dynamics within the physics classroom. It allowed for a multimodal representation of the data and enabled a nuanced examination of the students' interactions. Findings suggest that interactions were shaped by the students' identities and these dynamics shaped their repertoires of practice. Moreover, the interactions had a profound impact on students' epistemic agency in physics. Collaborative learning with a goal‐based scenario can include and empower diverse gender, racial, and language identities. It can also, however, work to disempower and exclude when the hegemonically white and masculine culture of physics is left unproblematized. This leads to the conclusion that if reform‐based science education is untethered from a critical stance on socioscientific issues, students and teachers may reproduce social problems as much as they also may challenge them.
LGBTQ+ students and the epidemiology of violence in education
Authors: Tillewein Heather , Shokeen Namrata , Powers Presley , Sandles‐Palmer Sasha , Rijo Sánchez Amaury J. , Desjarlais Kristen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere is an increasing prevalence of students identifying as a sexual or gender minority. This study investigates the prevalence of assaults within different types of higher education institutions over time. This study used the point research surveys, conducted from 2016 to 2020, using the variables of bullying, teasing, discrimination, assault, and sexual violence. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were used to demonstrate the prevalence of violence among LGBTQ+ students in regard to the type of institution at various points of time. The majority of institutions saw an increase in bullying, teasing, being discriminated against, and assaults. This study suggests that higher education institutions provide comprehensive training to staff and students on LGBTQ+ issues to foster a safer environment for LGBTQ+ students.