bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Promotes Intestinal Overproduction of Triglyceride-Rich Apolipoprotein B Lipoproteins Through Both Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Dependent and –Independent Mechanisms
Authors: Rashid Shirya , Tavori Hagai , Brown Patrick E. , Linton MacRae F. , He Jane , Giunzioni Ilaria , Fazio Sergio 
Published: May 2014

Background—
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) promotes the degradation of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR), and its deficiency in humans results in low plasma LDL cholesterol and protection against coronary heart disease. Recent evidence indicates that PCSK9 also modulates the metabolism of triglyceride-rich apolipoprotein B (apoB) lipoproteins, another important coronary heart disease risk factor. Here, we studied the effects of physiological levels of PCSK9 on intestinal triglyceride-rich apoB lipoprotein production and elucidated for the first time the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.

Methods and Results—

Treatment of human enterocytes (CaCo-2 cells) with recombinant human PCSK9 (10 μg/mL for 24 hours) increased cellular and secreted apoB48 and apoB100 by 40% to 55% each (
P
<0.01 versus untreated cells), whereas short-term deletion of
PCSK9
expression reversed this effect. PCSK9 stimulation of apoB was due to a 1.5-fold increase in apoB mRNA (
P
<0.01) and to enhanced apoB protein stability through both LDLR-dependent and LDLR-independent mechanisms. PCSK9 decreased LDLR protein (
P
<0.01) and increased cellular apoB stability via activation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. PCSK9 also increased levels of the lipid-generating enzymes
FAS, SCD
, and
DGAT2
(
P
<0.05). In mice, human PCSK9 at physiological levels increased intestinal microsomal triglyceride transfer protein levels and activity regardless of LDLR expression.

Conclusions—
PCSK9 markedly increases intestinal triglyceride-rich apoB production through mechanisms mediated in part by transcriptional effects on apoB, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and lipogenic genes and in part by posttranscriptional effects on the LDLR and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. These findings indicate that targeted PCSK9-based therapies may also be effective in the management of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia.
Upper limb training using Wii Sports Resort™ for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: a randomized, single-blind trial
Authors: Chiu Hsiu-Ching , Ada Louise , Lee Hsin-Min 
Published: May 2014

Objective: To investigate whether Wii Sports Resort™ training is effective and if any benefits are maintained. Design: Randomized, single-blind trial. Participants: Sixty-two hemiplegic children with cerebral palsy (6–13 years). Intervention: Experimental group undertook six weeks of home-based Wii Sports Resort™ training plus usual therapy, while the control group received usual therapy. Main measures: Outcomes were coordination, strength, hand function, and carers’ perception of hand function, measured at baseline, six, and 12 weeks by a blinded assessor. Results: There was a trend of mean difference (MD) for the experimental group to have more grip strength by six (MD 4.0 N, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.8 to 8.8, p = 0.10) and 12 (MD 4.1 N, 95% CI −2.1 to 10.3, p = 0.19) weeks, and to have a higher quantity of hand function according to carers’ perception by six (MD 4.5 N, 95% CI −0.7 to 9.7, p = 0.09) and strengthened by 12 (MD 6.4, 95% CI 0.6 to 12.3, p = 0.03) weeks than the control group. There was no difference between groups in coordination and hand function by six or 12 weeks. Conclusion: Wii™ training did not improve coordination, strength, or hand function. Beyond the intervention, carers perceived that the children used their hands more.
Testing a Violence-Prevention Intervention for Incarcerated Women Using a Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Kubiak Sheryl Pimlott , Kim Woo Jong , Fedock Gina , Bybee Deborah 
Published: May 2014

Objective: Beyond Violence (BV), a new prevention program for women with assaultive offenses, demonstrated feasibility in previous studies. This study’s purpose is to assess the efficacy of BV using a randomized control trial. Method: Eligible women were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (TAU) and the experimental condition (BV). Measures of mental health and anger were administered to women at pre- and postintervention. Results: Outcomes reveal positive changes for both groups. Significant between-group differences favor BV on measures of anxiety and anger. Moreover, BV is cost-effective with only 20 sessions compared to 44 sessions for TAU. Conclusion: The demonstrated effectiveness of BV is promising for this underserved population of women. Next steps: Replication and assessing long-term outcomes.
An evaluation of the use of olanzapine pamoate depot injection in seriously violent men with schizophrenia in a UK high-security hospital
Authors: Baruch Nina , Das Mrigendra , Sharda Amit , Basu Amlan , Bajorek Tom , Ross Callum C , Sengupta Samrat , Larkin Fintan , Young Susan 
Published: May 2014

Background: Oral olanzapine is a well-established treatment for patients suffering from schizophrenia. Advantages of depot olanzapine may include improved compliance. However, it is expensive, causes metabolic side effects, and carries a risk of postinjection syndrome. Clinical trials have shown olanzapine pamoate to be effective, but further work is needed in this area. This study was a retrospective service evaluation, carried out in a high-security hospital, where the majority of patients have complex, treatment resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorder and a very high propensity for violence. Compliance is a significant problem, both in the high-security setting and on discharge. There has been no previous published work that the authors are aware of evaluating the effects of olanzapine pamoate in this subgroup of patients. Methods: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of olanzapine pamoate, its effect on violence as well as its side effects, in a high-security setting for the first time. Anonymized patient records were used to identify the main outcome measure and clinical global improvement, and to ascertain secondary outcome measures which included seclusion hours, risk of violence and side effects. Metabolic parameters and number of incidents were also recorded. Eight patients were treated with olanzapine pamoate. Results: Six showed an improvement in symptoms, with an associated decrease in violence and number of incidents. Four showed an associated decrease in seclusion hours. Two showed an increase in body mass index and two showed an increase in glucose. Conclusions: The findings of this study are important in showing that all patients who responded to olanzapine pamoate also showed a decrease in violent behaviour. The potential anti-aggression effects of olanzapine pamoate may represent a very promising area for further work. A depot antipsychotic medication that reduces violence could have significant implications for management of high-security patients.
In vivo time-lapse imaging shows diverse niche engagement by quiescent and naturally activated hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Rashidi Narges M. , Scott Mark K. , Scherf Nico , Krinner Axel , Kalchschmidt Jens S. , Gounaris Kleoniki , Selkirk Murray E. , Roeder Ingo , Lo Celso Cristina 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
Normally, engrafting HSCs reside and oscillate within confined bone marrow niches. HSCs harvested from mice bearing acute infection are migratory and interact with larger niches.
Postartesunate delayed hemolysis is a predictable event related to the lifesaving effect of artemisinins
Authors: Jauréguiberry Stéphane , Ndour Papa A. , Roussel Camille , Ader Flavie , Safeukui Innocent , Nguyen Marie , Biligui Sylvestre , Ciceron Liliane , Mouri Oussama , Kendjo Eric , Bricaire François , Vray Muriel , Angoulvant Adéla , Mayaux Julien , Haldar Kasturi , Mazier Dominique , Danis Martin , Caumes Eric , Thellier Marc , Buffet Pierre ,   the French Artesunate Working Group
Published: May 2014

Key Points
After being killed by artesunate, malaria parasites are expelled from red cells and then these pitted red cells reenter the circulation. When many pitted red cells are produced during therapy, their delayed clearance a few weeks later triggers hemolytic episodes.
Physiological functions of TNF family receptor/ligand interactions in hematopoiesis and transplantation
Authors: Mizrahi Keren , Askenasy Nadir 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSecretion of ligands of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily is a conserved response of parenchymal tissues to injury and inflammation that commonly perpetuates elimination of dysfunctional cellular components by apoptosis. The same signals of tissue injury that induce apoptosis in somatic cells activate stem cells and initiate the process of tissue regeneration as a coupling mechanism of injury and recovery. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells upregulate the TNF family receptors under stress conditions and are transduced with trophic signals. The progeny gradually acquires sensitivity to receptor-mediated apoptosis along the differentiation process, which becomes the major mechanism of negative regulation of mature proliferating hematopoietic lineages and immune homeostasis. Receptor/ligand interactions of the TNF family are physiological mechanisms transducing the need for repair, which may be harnessed in pathological conditions and transplantation. Because these interactions are physiological mechanisms of injury, neutralization of these pathways has to be carefully considered in disorders that do not involve intrinsic aberrations of excessive susceptibility to apoptosis.
Rates, management, and outcome of rivaroxaban bleeding in daily care: results from the Dresden NOAC registry
Authors: Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Förster Kati , Pannach Sven , Ebertz Franziska , Gelbricht Vera , Thieme Christoph , Michalski Franziska , Köhler Christina , Werth Sebastian , Sahin Kurtulus , Tittl Luise , Hänsel Ulrike , Weiss Norbert 
Published: May 2014

Key Points
In a real-world setting, annualized bleeding rates of major rivaroxaban bleeding are lower than those reported for vitamin K antagonists. Treatment of major rivaroxaban bleeding is simple and rarely requires pro-coagulants; outcome at 90 days is better than that reported for vitamin K antagonists.
Prognosis for patients with CML and >10% BCR-ABL1 after 3 months of imatinib depends on the rate of BCR-ABL1 decline
Authors: Branford Susan , Yeung David T. , Parker Wendy T. , Roberts Nicola D. , Purins Leanne , Braley Jodi A. , Altamura Haley K. , Yeoman Alexandra L. , Georgievski Jasmina , Jamison Bronte A. , Phillis Stuart , Donaldson Zoe , Leong Mary , Fletcher Linda , Seymour John F. , Grigg Andrew P. , Ross David M. , Hughes Timothy P. 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsAmong patients with >10% BCR-ABL1, at 3 months, the poorest-risk group can be distinguished by the rate of BCR-ABL1 decline from baseline. Patients with BCR-ABL1 values on a constant downward trajectory may rapidly reach the level considered optimal with additional follow-up.
Activity of SL-401, a targeted therapy directed to interleukin-3 receptor, in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm patients
Authors: Frankel Arthur E. , Woo Jung H. , Ahn Chul , Pemmaraju Naveen , Medeiros Bruno C. , Carraway Hetty E. , Frankfurt Olga , Forman Stephen J. , Yang Xuezhong A. , Konopleva Marina , Garnache-Ottou Francine , Angelot-Delettre Fanny , Brooks Christopher , Szarek Michael , Rowinsky Eric 
Published: May 2014

Key PointsSL-401 was well tolerated, and a single course of treatment produced a high rate of objective responses in BPDCN patients.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 E7 protein bodies cause tumour regression in mice
Authors: Whitehead Mark , Öhlschläger Peter , Almajhdi Fahad N , Alloza Leonor , Marzábal Pablo , Meyers Ann E , Hitzeroth Inga I , Rybicki Edward P 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical cancer in women, which results in over 250 000 deaths per year. Presently there are two prophylactic vaccines on the market, protecting against the two most common high-risk HPV types 16 and 18. These vaccines remain very expensive and are not generally affordable in developing countries where they are needed most. Additionally, there remains a need to treat women that are already infected with HPV, and who have high-grade lesions or cervical cancer.MethodsIn this paper, we characterize the immunogenicity of a therapeutic vaccine that targets the E7 protein of the most prevalent high-risk HPV - type 16 – the gene which has previously been shown to be effective in DNA vaccine trials in mice. The synthetic shuffled HPV-16 E7 (16E7SH) has lost its transforming properties but retains all naturally-occurring CTL epitopes. This was genetically fused to Zera®, a self-assembly domain of the maize γ-zein able to induce the accumulation of recombinant proteins into protein bodies (PBs), within the endoplasmic reticulum in a number of expression systems.ResultsHigh-level expression of the HPV 16E7SH protein fused to Zera® in plants was achieved, and the protein bodies could be easily and cost-effectively purified. Immune responses comparable to the 16E7SH DNA vaccine were demonstrated in the murine model, with the protein vaccine successfully inducing a specific humoral as well as cell mediated immune response, and mediating tumour regression.ConclusionsThe fusion of 16E7SH to the Zera® peptide was found to enhance the immune responses, presumably by means of a more efficient antigen presentation via the protein bodies. Interestingly, simply mixing the free PBs and 16E7SH also enhanced immune responses, indicating an adjuvant activity for the Zera® PBs.
Cu2ZnSnSe4 nanocrystals capped with S2− by ligand exchange: utilizing energy level alignment for efficiently reducing carrier rec ombination
Authors: Wang Xia , Kou Dong-Xing , Zhou Wen-Hui , Zhou Zheng-Ji , Wu Si-Xin , Cao Xuan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In this work, we employed a convenient one-step synthesis method for synthesizing Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) nanocrystals (NCs) in an excess selenium environment. This excess selenium situation enhanced the reaction of metal acetylacetonates with selenium, resulting in the burst nucleation of NCs at relatively low temperatures. The phase morphology and surface and optoelectronic properties of NCs before and after ligand exchange were discussed in depth. It was found that pure tetragonal-phase structure CZTSe NCs with approximately 1.7-eV bandgap could be synthesized. The removal of large organic molecules on CZTSe NCs after ligand exchange by S2− decreased the resistivity. The bandgap of the films after ligand exchange by 550°C selenization was also decreased due to better crystallinity. For potential application in CZTSe solar cells, we constructed an energy level diagram to explain the mutual effect between the absorption layer and CdS layer. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement, we found that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of CZTSe films shifted down after ligand exchange. After energy level alignment at the CdS/CZTSe interface, a type I band alignment structure was more conveniently formed after ligand exchange. This structure acted as the barrier against injection electrons from ZnO to the CZTSe layer, and recombination would subsequently be depressed.
Association between the serum concentration of triiodothyronine with components of metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk, and diet in euthyroid post-menopausal women without and with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Luna-Vazquez Fabiola , Cruz-Lumbreras Rosalía , Rodríguez-Castelán Julia , Cervantes-Rodríguez Margarita , Rodríguez-Antolín Jorge , Arroyo-Helguera Omar , Castelán Francisco , Martínez-Gómez Margarita , Cuevas Estela 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Purpose
To determine the association between the serum concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) with components of metabolic syndrome (MetS), cardiovascular risk (CVR), and diet in euthyroid post-menopausal women without and with MetS.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed in 120 voluntary women of an indigenous population from Tlaxcala-México. Euthyroid status was assessed measuring the serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones, while that of estradiol was measured to confirm the postmenopausal condition. MetS was diagnosed using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement (AHA/NHLBI) criterion. Estimation of CVR was calculated based on the Framingham scale. Diet components were evaluated based on survey applications. Correlations, logistic regression analyses, ANOVA or Kruskall-Wallis, and chi-square tests were used to determine significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between women without MetS and women with MetS having different serum concentrations of T3.

Results
Triiodothyronine was positively correlated with insulin but negatively correlated with glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and CVR. Compared to women without MetS, women with MetS and low-normal T3 concentration showed a high risk for hyperglycemia and moderate/high risk for CVR. In contrast, a high-normal T3 concentration increased the risk to have a big waist circumference, a high concentration of HDL-C, and insulin resistance. Diet analysis showed a high grade of malnutrition in women from all groups. The intake of calories was positively affected by the T3 concentration, albeit it did not affect the extent of malnutrition.

Conclusions
In contrast to concentrations of TSH, total thyroxin (T4), and free T4, the concentration of serum T3 was strongly correlated with cardio-metabolic variables in euthyroid postmenopausal women. In comparison to women without MetS, a high-normal serum concentration of T3 in women with MetS is positively associated with reduced glycaemia and CVR but negatively related to body mass index (BMI), insulin, insulin resistance, and HDL-C. Although the analyzed population had a nutritional deficiency, both calories and iron intake were positively affected by the T3 concentration. Our results suggest the necessity of health programs monitoring T3 in old people in order to treat hyperglycemia, cardio-metabolic components, and the ageing anorexia.
Low dose tubulin-binding drugs rescue peroxisome trafficking deficit in patient-derived stem cells in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
Authors: Fan Yongjun , Wali Gautam , Sutharsan Ratneswary , Bellette Bernadette , Crane Denis I. , Sue Carolyn M. , Mackay-Sim Alan 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP) is a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders, diagnosed by progressive gait disturbances with muscle weakness and spasticity, for which there are no treatments targeted at the underlying pathophysiology. Mutations in spastin are a common cause of HSP. Spastin is a microtubule-severing protein whose mutation in mouse causes defective axonal transport. In human patient-derived olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells, spastin mutations lead to lower levels of acetylated α-tubulin, a marker of stabilised microtubules, and to slower speed of peroxisome trafficking. Here we screened multiple concentrations of four tubulin-binding drugs for their ability to rescue levels of acetylated α-tubulin in patient-derived ONS cells. Drug doses that restored acetylated α-tubulin to levels in control-derived ONS cells were then selected for their ability to rescue peroxisome trafficking deficits. Automated microscopic screening identified very low doses of the four drugs (0.5 nM taxol, 0.5 nM vinblastine, 2 nM epothilone D, 10 µM noscapine) that rescued acetylated α-tubulin in patient-derived ONS cells. These same doses rescued peroxisome trafficking deficits, restoring peroxisome speeds to untreated control cell levels. These results demonstrate a novel approach for drug screening based on high throughput automated microscopy for acetylated α-tubulin followed by functional validation of microtubule-based peroxisome transport. From a clinical perspective, all the drugs tested are used clinically, but at much higher doses. Importantly, epothilone D and noscapine can enter the central nervous system, making them potential candidates for future clinical trials.
Endothelin signalling in iridophore development and stripe pattern formation of zebrafish
Authors: Krauss Jana , Frohnhöfer Hans Georg , Walderich Brigitte , Maischein Hans-Martin , Weiler Christian , Irion Uwe , Nüsslein-Volhard Christiane 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTColour patterns of adult fish are composed of several different types of pigment cells distributing in the skin during juvenile development. The zebrafish, Danio rerio, displays a striking pattern of dark stripes of melanophores interspersed with light stripes of xanthophores. A third cell type, silvery iridophores, contributes to both stripes and plays a crucial role in adult pigment pattern formation. Several mutants deficient in iridophore development display similar adult phenotypes with reduced numbers of melanophores and defects in stripe formation. This indicates a supporting role of iridophores for melanophore development and maintenance. One of these mutants, rose (rse), encodes the Endothelin receptor b1a. Here we describe a new mutant in zebrafish, karneol (kar), which has a phenotype similar to weak alleles of rse with a reduction in iridophore numbers and defects of adult pigment patterning. We show that, unlike rse, kar is not required in iridophores. The gene defective in the kar mutant codes for an endothelin-converting enzyme, Ece2, which activates endothelin ligands by proteolytic cleavage. By morpholino-mediated knockdown, we identify Endothelin 3b (Edn3b) as the ligand for endothelin receptor signalling in larval iridophores. Thus, Endothelin signalling is involved in iridophore development, proliferation and stripe morphogenesis in larvae as well as adult zebrafish. In mammals the pathway is required for melanocyte development; therefore, our results indicate a previously unrecognized close evolutionary relationship between iridophores in zebrafish and melanocytes in mammals.
The internationalization of fashion studies: Rethinking the peer-reviewing process
Authors: Mora Emanuela , Rocamora Agnès , Volonté Paolo 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The International Journal of Fashion Studies argues that the reception of contributions from countries with less visibility in English-language academic publications has been long overdue. This is why it has set as its main aim the dissemination of the work of non-anglophone scholars who write in their first language by publishing their writings in English translation. To do so, the journal has put into place a peer-reviewing process whereby it reviews submissions written in the authors’s chosen language, whether English or not.
The paper discusses the socio-cultural and epistemological issues related to the operationalizing of such a peer-reviewing process. It first looks at the development of fashion studies to situate the journal’s approach. It then discusses its linguistic project in relation to the cultural issues pertaining to the internationalization of fashion studies. Finally, it engages with the epistemological issue of being a journal that welcomes contributions by scholars situated outside the Anglophone world and western regions whilst also being embedded in a form of scientific publishing that originates from the West and is informed by, and reproduces, ‘western’ norms and values.