bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Selection Indices for Drought Tolerance in Some Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Sabaghnia Naser , Janmohammadi Mohsen 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide, which limits crop production. The chickpea cultivation areas of Iran are fourth in the world after India, Pakistan and Turkey while most areas (95 %) are planted in rainfed condition and are grown in rotation with cereals. This investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of drought stress seed yield characteristic in seven genotypes of chickpea. A field experiment with two humidity regimes (stressed and non-stressed) was performed in a randomized complete block design layout with three replicates. The analysis of variance for both potential yield (YP) and stress yield (YS) indicated significant differences among seven chickpea genotypes. Also, significant differences were observed among chickpea genotypes regarding twelve drought tolerance indices. Based on the YP, the genotypes FLIP 03-64C, FLIP 98-106C, Arman and Azad had the highest yield under non-stressed condition, while the genotypes FLIP 98-106C and Azad displayed the highest yield under stressed condition. Therefore, the genotypes FLIP 98-106C and Azad are good candidates for commercial recommendation to farmers in both rainfed and irrigated conditions. The relationships among drought tolerance indices are graphically displayed in a plot of two first principal components analysis. The first and second components justified 95.46 % of the variations between criteria (59.36 and 36.10 % for PC1 and PC2, respectively). The STI, K1STI, MP, GMP and PI indices exhibited strong correlation with YP, while YI showed strong correlation with YS; therefore, YS can discriminate drought tolerant genotypes with high grain yield under stress conditions.
Privacy preservation in fuzzy association rules using rough computing and DSR
Authors: Mary A. Geetha , Acharjya D. P. , Iyengar N. Ch. S. N. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the present age of Internet, data is accumulated at a dramatic pace. The accumulated huge data has no relevance, unless it provides certain useful information pertaining to the interest of the organization. But the real challenge lies in hiding sensitive information in order to provide privacy. Therefore, attribute reduction becomes an important aspect for handling such huge database by eliminating superfluous or redundant data to enable a sensitive rule hiding in an efficient manner before it is disclosed to the public. In this paper we propose a privacy preserving model to hide sensitive fuzzy association rules. In our model we use two processes, named a pre-process and post-process to mine fuzzified association rules and to hide sensitive rules. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the proposed research.
The impact of various cations on the sorption of manganese in the thallus of freshwater algae spirogyra sp. and sea algae palmaria palmata
Authors: Rajfur Małgorzata , Jóźwiak Małgorzata Anna , Kłos Andrzej 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Due to their occurrence in very different conditions and high resistance to physical and chemical factors, algae are pioneers colonising new environments and their sorption properties are used in biomonitoring and water remediation. The efficiency of the process of heavy metal sorption in algae used for in situ tests depends on abiotic factors, such as the chemical composition of water. Freshwater algae Spirogyra sp. were used in tests. Algae were exposed in the laboratory in manganese chloride solutions with various contents of other cations, including heavy metals and macronutrients. It has been shown that some heavy metals may desorb manganese bound to the surface of algae as a result of ion exchange in the following sequence: Cd2+ < Mn2+ ≈ Zn2+ < Cu2+. It has been also found that the competitiveness of sorption of cations naturally present in the alga environment versus Mn2+ cations changes in the sequence Na+ < Ca2+ < H+, defined for the concentrations referring to the cation unit charge. The results of tests were compared to the results of dried sea algae Palmaria palmata analyses.
Historiography of Zainichi Koreans: review of topics and trends
Authors: Kumpis Arvydas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Zainichi Koreans have been attracting and recently attract more and more attention from the scientists and journalists. This tendency is welcoming, because Zainichi Koreans, as a socio-political phenomenon, have to be investigated and presented not only to the fellow researchers, but to the mass audience as well. Nevertheless, the constantly growing amount of literature still has not been analyzed in historiographical manner. The lack of such works makes it quite difficult for other researchers to start working on Zainichi Koreans’ issues. Social scientists usually do not conduct their own separate historiographical research; therefore, the understanding of a particular issue is a matter of one’s own efforts. Researches on Zainichi Koreans have been conducted since the early sixties and ever since then there have been changes in mainstream theories, approaches or methodologies. In order not to repeat the mistakes of other researchers, or conduct what has already been done, it is crucial for the scientists to be aware of the previous progress. In this paper I provide the review of the present historiography on Zainichi Koreans, including publications since 1962 till 2009. It is important to mention, that this review does not contain all possible positions of Zainichi historiography - only a certain part of them was taken to present the tendencies throughout the aforementioned period of time.
Language in Zhuangzi: How to Say Without Saying?
Authors: Vrubliauskaitė Aušra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper is concerned with the status of language and its usage in Zhuangzi and how this particular way of viewing and using language can affect our “perception” of Dao. Zhuangzi’s language skepticism is first introduced and possible reasons for Zhuangzi’s mistrust in language are explored. The question is then raised as to why Zhuangzi himself used language to talk about Dao if he mistrusted it. At this point Zhuangzi’s usage of language is discussed in two aspects: the negative aspect and the positive aspect, the latter being the main concern of this paper. The negative aspect is exposed as the denouncing factor of employing (fuzzy) language to undermine (propositional) language while using different techniques (paradox, uncertainty/doubt, mockery, reversal). The positive aspect is explored as twofold: first, putting language and reason to their “proper” limits entails an acquisition of a broader perspective and a more receptive, open state of mind which prepares one for the wordless “perception” of Dao. Second, fuzzy language is presented as capable of “accommodating” silence and emptiness. Doing so it unites silence and speech giving an incredible insight of what Dao is about. An approach taking from both the principles of scholarly analysis and an unrestricted personal experience of the text is employed.
The Prospects of Whole Brain Emulation within the next Half- Century
Authors: Eth Daniel , Foust Juan-Carlos , Whale Brandon 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Whole Brain Emulation (WBE), the theoretical technology of modeling a human brain in its entirety on a computer-thoughts, feelings, memories, and skills intact-is a staple of science fiction. Recently, proponents of WBE have suggested that it will be realized in the next few decades. In this paper, we investigate the plausibility of WBE being developed in the next 50 years (by 2063). We identify four essential requisite technologies: scanning the brain, translating the scan into a model, running the model on a computer, and simulating an environment and body. Additionally, we consider the cultural and social effects of WBE. We find the two most uncertain factors for WBE’s future to be the development of advanced miniscule probes that can amass neural data in vivo and the degree to which the culture surrounding WBE becomes cooperative or competitive. We identify four plausible scenarios from these uncertainties and suggest the most likely scenario to be one in which WBE is realized, and the technology is used for moderately cooperative ends
Cultural determinants in Chile – the land of great ambitions
Authors: Bochniak-Piasecka Dorota 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Chile is commonly described as “the best student” in the Latin America class. In 1985 Harrsion with his publication Underdevelopment is a state of mind [Lawrence, 1985] started research on the significance of cultural determinants in economic development. Having based his research on two examples, he proved his thesis that culture is a determining obstacle in the development of Latin American states. Causing many discussions, he initiated a wide range of socio-economic research, the aim of which was to present to what degree and what kind of cultural factors shape political and economic development, and which ones lead to social stagnation. Further research by Harisson and Huntington which was published in their work Culture matters [Lawrence, 2000] presented a wide spectrum of interconnections of culture with civilization development, institutions and geographic conditions. The scientific discourse includes the phenomenon of cultural changes promotion as an element of the pro-development policy as well as anthropological considerations on the influence of “cultural imperialism” of Europe and the States in the globalization era on the preservation of societies’ cultural identity. Many publications in the area of research on cultural conditions in management and negotiations appeared in the 1990s. This scientific discourse has gathered its own momentum as the amount of research brings about the increase of connections of interdisciplinary cultural determinants.
Survival of patients treated with radiation therapy for anaplastic astrocytoma
Authors: Barker Christopher A. , Beal Maria Chang, Kathryn , Chan Timothy A. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background. Anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) represents 7% of primary brain tumors in adults. Patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors are thought to be predictive of survival. We retrospectively assessed the association of patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors with survival in AA treated with radiotherapy (RT) at our institution.
Patients and methods. Medical records of patients with AA treated with RT between 1987 and 2007 were reviewed. Patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related variables were recorded and used to assign patients to a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group recursive partitioning analysis (RTOG RPA) classification. First use of chemotherapy was recorded. Log-rank tests and Cox regression models were used to assess for an association of patient-, tumor- and treatment-related factors with survival.
Results. One-hundred twenty-six patients were eligible for study. Median age, Karnofsky performance status, and duration of symptoms were 43 years, 90, and 8 weeks. Median radiation dose was 59.4 Gy; 61% of patients underwent tumor resection, and 17% and 41% of patients received temozolomide during and after RT. Median survival was 31 months, and 2-year survival was 58%. RTOG RPA class was associated with survival (p < 0.001), but use of temozolomide during or after RT was not (p > 0.05).
Conclusions. In this retrospective study with inherent limitations, RTOG RPA classification was associated with survival. Further studies are necessary to confirm or refute this finding
Strategic Manoeuvring and the Selection of Starting Points in the Pragma-Dialectical Framework
Authors: Forgács Gábor 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The article analyzes strategic manoeuvring within the pragmadialectical framework with respect to the selection of starting points in the opening stage to frame the arguments. The Terri Schiavo case is presented, which can provide interesting insights concerning this issue. I would like to show that resolution of the difference of opinion requires the resolution of a subordinate difference of opinion concerning how to label her medical state, and why discussants were not able to resolve this subordinate difference of opinion. After, the conflict that arises between critical reasonableness and rhetorical effectiveness is examined and how strategic manoeuvring aims to resolve this conflict. In the final part of the paper I argue that the problems raised can be dealt with within the framework of pragma-dialectics.
The Differences in Efficiency Measurment: the Case of European Railways
Authors: Jaržemskis Andrius , Jaržemskis Vytautas 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the world railways are organized in two ways. In one case, infrastructure management and organization of traffic and commercial activities are integrated at the level of one of the enterprise whereas in the other case the functions of the carrier and the manager of the infrastructure are separated. This article addresses approaches of different scientists and politicians on both forms. The analysis of the case of Lithuania has been carried out. The case of Lithuania is a typical one - historically the railways have had a monopoly with the infrastructure and transportation not separated. This article presents a critical view of theoretical pros and cons of both the models.
Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion: A rare emergency with review of literature
Authors: Gupta Amit , Kumar Akhil , Chandha Bhavesh , Saroha Megha 
Published: May 2014

Perinatal bilateral testicular torsion is an extremely rare surgical emergency and is subject of debate among surgeons. Urgent surgical exploration and fixation of the other testis are the key points in the management. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v5i4.9931 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2014 Vol.5(4); 103-105
Malaria, Tarai Adivasi and the Landlord State in the 19th century Nepal: A Historical-Ethnographic Analysis
Authors: Rai Janak 
Published: May 2014

This paper examines the interplay between malaria, the Tarai Adivasi and the extractive landlord state in the 19th century Nepal by focusing on Dhimal, one indigenous community from the easternmost lowlands. Throughout the 19th century, the Nepali state and its rulers treated the Tarai as a state geography of extraction for land, labor, revenue and political control. The malarial environment of the Tarai, which led to the shortage people (labor force), posed a major challenge to the 19th century extractive landlord state and the landowning elites to materialize the colonizing project in the Tarai. The shortage of labor added pressure on the malaria resistant Tarai Adivasi to reclaim and cultivate land for the state. The paper highlights the need for ethnographically informed social history of malaria in studying the changing relations between the state and the ?div?si communities in the Tarai DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dsaj.v7i0.10438 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol. 7, 2013; 87-112
Un cinéma des passages – les fantasmagories du cinéma de Jacques Demy
Authors: Naze Alain 
Published: May 2014

À l’origine de ce texte, il y a le constat que les lieux propres au cinéma de Jacques Demy entretiennent une indéniable proximité avec ceux que privilégie le livre inachevé de Walter Benjamin, Paris, capitale du xixe siècle1 – en l’occurrence, c’est le passage Pommeraye, situé dans la ville de naissance du cinéaste, qui retiendra toute notre attention. À partir de l’idée selon laquelle les passages urbains et le cinéma constituent deux formes spécifiques d’appareillage de notre perception, il s’agit alors d’interroger les rapports, évoluant à travers l’œuvre, qui se développent entre ces deux formes d’appareil, sur le fond de cette communauté perceptive des spectateurs d’architecture et de cinéma, que signalait Benjamin. On verra que les interventions du passage Pommeraye, dans les films de Jacques Demy, se révèlent probablement les plus intéressantes lorsque la caméra, n’en faisant pas un élément de décor, parvient à en révéler toute la matérialité – et ce, d’autant mieux que le cinéaste parviendra, paradoxalement, à mortifier ce lieu. En cela, Demy renouvellerait, sur le plan cinématographique cette fois, la pratique de l’allégoriste, telle que Benjamin l’envisageait, tout en prolongeant les analyses de Kracauer quant aux rapports entre cinéma et matérialité.
De la compénétration des espaces chez W. Benjamin aux Unités d’habitation de Le Corbusier
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: May 2014

Qu’est-ce que la politique pour Benjamin ? Une politique de la ville. Quels sont ses idéaux-types (status) ? Entre le Paris des passages et Moscou la révolutionnaire ? En quelle manière Benjamin pouvait-il annoncer les Unités d’habitation de Le Corbusier ? Quels sont ses concepts pour comprendre l’articulation : habiter/espace public ? Qu’est-ce qu’habiter pour lui ?
Filmer la figure humaine « au milieu » des choses : le cinéma selon Béla Tarr
Authors: Rollet Sylvie 
Published: May 2014

Si la position radicalement empiriste de Béla Tarr rejoint la pensée benjaminienne, c’est qu’il use du cinéma non comme un moyen d’expression, mais comme une technique d’exposition des « choses » elles-mêmes. Aussi la « figure humaine » n’est-elle plus caractérisée par le langage ou l’action, mais déterminée par sa matière et son rythme corporels. L’expérience « tactile » que nous fait faire la mise en scène, en nous exposant à l’indécidabilité du sens, nous conduit à une réflexion sur la puissance propre à l’appareil cinématographique : faire surgir ce qui ne peut être converti en fiction ou en document, l’étonnante énigme de corps et de visages d’hommes qui résistent tant à l’emprise du cadre qu’à celle du récit.
Les corps fondamentaux
Authors: Costanzo Alexandre 
Published: May 2014

Comme un compagnonnage de l’œuvre de Benjamin et de ce qu'il en est du statut des gestes dans son œuvre, je prendrai comme fil conducteur Gilles Deleuze pour confronter les pensées de Friedrich Nietzsche, Antonin Artaud et les premiers films de Philippe Garrel, en tentant de reformuler à travers elles ce qu'il définit comme puissance ou impuissance des « corps ». Mais, ce faisant, mon idée est de circonscrire à travers ces œuvres autant de paysages affirmant des pensées de l’émancipation.
Éléments pour une anthropologie de l’homme en mouvement
Authors: van Vliet Muriel 
Published: May 2014

En deçà du linguistic turn, qui réduit abusivement le langage à ses seules dimensions représentative et discursive et court ainsi le risque de tomber dans l’écueil de l’« intellectualisme », et au-delà de l’iconic turn, qui, par réaction, déconstruit tellement le sujet créateur et acteur que le domaine de l’éthique s’en trouve dangereusement ébranlé, avec la menace de sombrer cette fois-ci dans l’écueil de « l’esthétisme », l’anthropologie de l’homme en mouvement proposée conjointement par Cassirer et Warburg ouvre la possibilité d’une troisième voie pour le discours sur l’art, replacé dans le cadre d’une théorie de la culture plus globale d’où une nouvelle conception du sujet peut émerger. Sur le modèle des enquêtes ethnologiques centrées davantage sur le rituel que sur le mythe écrit, tous deux perçoivent originairement l’image comme l’expression (Ausdruck) polarisée d’affects opposés, et cela avant même de l’envisager aussi comme la présentation (Darstellung) de valeurs, motifs ou idées que l’artiste comme le spectateur peuvent davantage mettre à distance d’eux que ne l’autorise le niveau expressif pur du rituel magique. Selon cette anthropologie, art et pensée mythique participent à un processus culturel complexe qui les déborde ; la technique, les sciences, l’histoire, le droit, etc. interférant constamment pour former des aires relationnelles de projection où s’entre-écrivent différents langages, la mise en évidence des points de basculement d’une aire à une autre permettant de fournir les éléments d’un diagnostic critique.Cette « science générale de la culture comme théorie de l’homme en mouvement » se développe selon trois axes intrinsèquement liés qui organiseront notre propos. Elle est à un premier niveau une sémiotique des images, le schéma corporel fonctionnant comme médium symbolique originaire pour créer et recréer les images perçues. À un deuxième niveau, elle enracine continuellement le processus de création du sens des images dans une symbolisation rituelle. Enfin, elle implique à un dernier niveau une Kulturkritik ou, pour le dire autrement, comme c’est aussi le cas de manière emblématique chez Foucault, elle ouvre sur un « diagnostic critique » implicite qui met au jour le pouvoir de l’image en exhibant les points critiques où le principe d’un groupe de transformation d’images se modifie.
Task-based language teaching
Authors: Kazeroni Abdel 
Published: May 2014

L’enseignement par tâches (ET) s’inscrit dans la mouvance des études sur l’approche communicative et l’acquisition d’une langue seconde. Dans le débat en cours sur l’apprentissage/acquisition des langues, ET se veut la démonstration que certains types d’activités communicatives d’apprentissage peuvent mener à l’acquisition, si on les organise selon des critères bien définis. Cependant, il existe des tâches conçues pour la mise en œuvre d’une démarche communicative (Prahbu 1987) ; des tâches fondées sur ce que nous savons de l’apprentissage des langues (Long 1985 ; Long & Crookes 1992, 1993) ; et des tâches fondées sur ce que nous connaissons grâce aux théories générales sur l’éducation (Breen 1984, 1987 ; Candlin 1987). Dans le présent article, nous examinons pour commencer deux types de programme d’étude qui semblent fournir une justification de ET. Nous présentons ensuite différents types de méthodes fondées sur la tâche à accomplir, notamment les catégories de tâches définies par Long & Crookes (1992, 1993). Nous étudions de quelle manière ces méthodes s’insèrent dans les trois conceptions de l’enseignement des langues que proposent Freeman & Richards (1993) et Richards (1994). Pour conclure, nous évoquons certains des problèmes que pose l’enseignement par tâches.
The Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1 Facilitates the Peripheral Development and Selection of Anti-DNA B Cells through Impaired Receptor Editing
Authors: Chang Soog-Hee , Kim Tae-Joo , Kim Young-Joo , Liu Yang , Min So-Youn , Park Min-Jung , Park Hyun-Sil , Lee Sun-Kyung , Nam Ki-Hoan , Kim Ho-Youn , Mohan Chandra , Kim Hang-Rae 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is characterized by the spontaneous production of IgG autoantibodies in patients and lupus-prone mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of the Sle1 lupus susceptibility locus on the peripheral development of 56R+ anti-DNA transgenic B cells by tracking 56R+ B cells in mice without (B6.56R) or with (B6.Sle1.56R) the Sle1 locus. Compared with B6.56R mice, B6.Sle1.56R mice exhibited increased class-switched IgG2a anti-DNA Abs in their serum, encoded by the transgene. Interestingly, within the spleen, Sle1 facilitated the development of these cells into clusters of IgG2a class-switched B cells juxtaposed to CD4+ T cells within extrafollicular sites. Through sequence analysis of B cell hybridomas, we also found that B cells from B6.Sle1.56R mice are inefficient at Ig H and L chain editing. Thus, the Ig H chains in Sle1.56R+ B cells are partnered more often with cationic L chains that facilitate DNA binding. Taken together, these findings indicate that the Sle1 lupus-susceptibility locus may facilitate the emergence of anti-DNA B cells by subduing BCR revision and possibly by shaping the extrafollicular development of effector B cells, although the precise molecular mechanisms await further study.