bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nectar chemistry mediates the behavior of parasitized bees: consequences for plant fitness
Authors: Richardson Leif L. , Bowers M. Deane , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlants produce an array of secondary metabolites that play important ecological roles as anti‐herbivore and anti‐pathogen defenses. Many herbivores experience physiological costs when they consume secondary metabolites, yet some also benefit, for example when these chemicals confer resistance to parasites and predators. Secondary metabolites are often present in nectar and pollen, which is paradoxical given that floral rewards are important in the attraction of mutualists rather than deterrence of antagonists. Motivated by studies of interactions among plants, herbivores, and parasites, as well as research showing that secondary metabolites can reduce bee disease, we characterized the occurrence of two iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, in floral rewards and other tissues of the bee pollinated plant, Chelone glabra. We then experimentally investigated effects of nectar iridoid glycoside concentrations on the foraging behavior of bumble bee pollinators naturally afflicted by a parasitoid fly and a protozoan intestinal parasite, and subsequent effects on an estimate of plant reproduction. We found that floral nectar had lower iridoid glycoside concentrations than leaves, pollen, and corollas, and that, compared to those plant parts, the relative ratio of the two primary iridoid glycosides, aucubin and catalpol, was reversed in nectar. Whether bees carried parasitoid fly larvae did not affect their response to nectar chemistry; however, there was a significant interaction between protozoan parasite infection and nectar treatment, with infected bees foraging longer at flowers with high compared to low nectar iridoid glycoside concentrations. Parasitized bees were also more likely to return to inflorescences with high iridoid glycoside nectar. Consequently, flowers in the high iridoid glycoside nectar treatment donated significantly more pollen to conspecific stigmas than did flowers in the low iridoid glycoside treatment, suggesting an increase in male plant fitness. Taken together, these results demonstrate that nectar secondary metabolites can mediate the behavior of pollinators with subsequent benefits for estimates of plant reproduction.
Nonlinear Drillstring-Dynamics Modeling of Induced Vibrations in Unconventional Horizontals
Authors: Wilson J. K. , Heisig G.. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryInducing vibrations while drilling is a relatively new concept that shows promise in directional applications. Instigating motion of the drillstring, particularly in the sections lying on the low-side of the wellbore, can lead to substantial improvements in managing the two limiting factors of the long horizontal wells that are typically associated with current unconventional shale plays: removal of formation cuttings from the borehole and frictional drag between nonrotating drillstrings and the wellbore wall. Minimizing these effects by introducing controlled vibrations increases the overall drilling efficiency and reduces the cost associated with the well. The difficulty in implementing such actions, however, is consistency. Because the behavior of drilling assemblies is inherently nonlinear, it has been difficult in the past to reliably predict their response to dynamic events. This, in turn, creates a challenge when trying to optimize the performance of arbitrary vibration-inducing devices (VIDs).This study presents a detailed analysis of the fully coupled, 3D, nonlinear behavior of drillstrings under the action of induced vibrations. Specific focus is given to the dynamic characteristics of a drillstring, during horizontal-drilling operations, in long unconventional wells and how this behavior affects the success of the well. The response of the drillstring, due to induced axial and lateral oscillatory motions, is examined through linearized dynamic analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulations.Solutions obtained from the study provide a clearer understanding of the dynamics experienced downhole and lead to suggestions for improved practices when drilling with lateral VIDs, particularly with regard to hole cleaning. Further insights into the sliding behavior of the drillstring, during the use of these types of tools, are drawn from animated modeling results. Finally, the future applications of this technology are discussed.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS ON INDUSTRIAL SYMBIOSIS BETWEEN CEMENT INDUSTRY AND TEA INDUSTRY
Authors: Yadav Shailendra Kumar , Kalaiyarasi R 
Published: August 2015

The project aims at analyzing the feasibility of utilizing cement kiln dust (CKD) in treating wastewater from tea industry with the concept of industrial symbiosis. CKD is the dust collected at the air pollution control device(s) associated with a kiln system from cement industry. A very less percent of CKD is recycled and the rest is land filled /stockpiled; disrupts groundwater through leaching of minerals. Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), rich in CaO, SiO2, behaves as a neutralizing as well as stabilizing agent for tea effluent treatment. The ability of CKD to reduce the BOD, COD, TSS, and phosphates in tea effluent was analyzed and the optimum dosage is determined. The effect of different dosages of Cement Kiln Dust ranging from (1-3) gm/l has been discussed on the bench scale tests. The results show that, for different CKD concentrations, high removal efficiencies of 94.4 and 99.0, 58.9 for BOD, TSS, phosphates and a lower efficiency for COD with 9.09 are achieved for 2.5gm/l. The persistent presence of color providing proteins theaflavins (TF) and the arubigins (TR) from the leftover tea leaves in the effluent imparts the low removal efficiencies of COD. However, the COD value is within the dischargeable limits (CPCB standards). Moreover, a considerable removal efficiency and high SVI of 0.181 makes CKD a feasible coagulant in treating tea effluent with optimum dosage of 2.5g/l. The objective of developing industrial symbiosis network was thus achieved using the CKD to treat wastewater from tea industries. International Journal of EnvironmentVolume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 20-34
Unicameral bone cyst of the patella in a young dog
Authors: Briotti F. , Beale B. , Petazzoni M. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis report describes a case of a solitary unicameral patellar bone cyst in a young dog. A five-month-old, male Dobermann Pinscher dog was referred for a 10-day left hindlimb lameness. A mild swelling of the peripatellar soft tissues of the left patella was detected upon physical examination. Signs of pain were elicited upon direct palpation of the patella. Radiographic examination revealed an oval radiolucency within the medullary cavity at the base of the left patella. Radiographic examination, arthroscopy, and histopathology findings supported the diagnosis of a benign patellar bone cyst. The condition was treated by surgical curettage and autogenous bone graft harvested from the ipsilateral proximal tibia. Clinical signs, including lameness and signs of pain upon deep palpation, disappeared three weeks after surgery. Follow-up re-evaluation five years after surgery revealed no recurrence of the cyst and the patient was asymptomatic.
The Impact of Ribavirin Plasma Concentration on the Efficacy of the Interferon-Sparing Regimen, Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin
Authors: Martinello Marianne , Schteinman Ana , Alavi Maryam , Williams Kenneth , Dore Gregory J , Day Richard , Matthews Gail V 
Published: August 2015

Background Ribavirin augments sustained virological response when administered with pegylated interferon for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. The impact of ribavirin plasma concentration on outcome in individuals receiving interferon-free regimens has not been evaluated. Methods Stored plasma samples were retrieved for 47 treatment-naive subjects who received sofosbuvir and weight-based ribavirin for 12–24 weeks in the Phase IIb QUANTUM study. Week 1, 4 and 8 ribavirin plasma concentrations (mg/l) were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Results Sustained virological response at 12 weeks post treatment was observed in 55% with all treatment failures due to relapse. The median ribavirin plasma concentration increased from week 1 (1.58 mg/l, IQR 1.44–2.24) to week 4 (2.23 mg/l, IQR 1.69–2.87) and week 8 (2.67 mg/l, IQR 2.10–3.26) with wide variability at steady state. Median week 4 ribavirin plasma concentration was 2.25 mg/l (IQR 1.63–3.05) in those with a sustained virological response as compared to 2.07 mg/l (IQR 1.79–2.86) in those with treatment failure (OR 1.35; 95% CI 0.76, 2.39; P=0.3). No significant association between ribavirin plasma concentration and treatment response was noted at weeks 1 or 8. Conclusions We found no evidence of an association between ribavirin plasma concentrations and relapse suggesting that, as opposed to interferon-based therapy, suboptimal ribavirin plasma concentrations did not explain the high rate of virological failure with this regimen. Our findings suggest that in interferon-free ribavirin-containing regimens, concerns over ribavirin dosing to achieve previously determined target plasma concentrations are unnecessary.
The northward distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 40 years later: revisiting Robert E. Gregg’s 1969 Subarctic collection sites in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Smith M. Alex , Boyd Amanda , Bringloe Trevor , Britton-Foster Christopher , Cahill Hayley , Desnoyers Kelsey , Duitshaever Natalie , Gibson Daniel , James Stephen , Jeong Yurak , Kelly Darren , Levene Elli , Lyttle Hilary , Masse Talia , Pare Kate , Paris Kelsie , Russell Cassandra , Scott Eric , Silva Deborah , Sparkes Megan , Valkova Kami , Adamowicz Sarah J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn 1969, Robert E. Gregg collected five species of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in three Subarctic localities near the town of Churchill, Manitoba, Canada, which he documented in a 1972 publication in The Canadian Entomologist. To determine whether there have been any additions to the local fauna – as might be predicted to occur in response to a warming climate and increased traffic to the Port of Churchill in the intervening 40 years – we re-collected ants from the same localities in 2012. We identified the ants we collected from Gregg’s sampling sites using both traditional morphological preparations and DNA barcoding. In addition, we examined specimens from Gregg’s initial collection that are accessioned at the Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago, Illinois, United States of America). Using this integrative approach we report seven species present at the same sites Gregg sampled 40 years earlier. We conclude that the apparent increase is likely not due to any arrivals from more southerly distributed ants, but to the increased resolution provided by DNA barcodes to resident species complexes with a complicated history. We provide a brief synopsis of these results and their taxonomic context.
Does Spousal Support Can Decrease Women's Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms?
Authors: Rezaee Hajar , Mahamed Fariba , Amidi Mazaheri Maryam 
Published: August 2015

<p>Premenstrual syndrome is a syndrome that includes behavioral and physical symptoms occurring in the second half of the menstrual cycle and this syndrome affects millions of women universal. With regard to the importance of spouse participation in promoting reproductive and women's health, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention for spouse on women's premenstrual syndrome symptoms. This quasi -experimental study was down with the participation of 100 women of reproductive age with PMS were referred to health centers Falavarjan city in 2015. Women were divided randomly into two groups as intervention and control. Educational intervention about supportive behaviors to control premenstrual symptoms was performed for spouses during the three educational sessions in the intervention group. Data was obtained with self-administered questionnaire before and three months after educational intervention and were analyzed by SPSS21 and appropriate statistical tests. Three mounts after the intervention the score of spouse’s supportive behaviors was increased significantly compare to before of the educational intervention and the control group. As well as significant decrease was occurred in case of physical and psychological-behavioral symptoms of women in the intervention group compare to before the intervention and control groups (p&lt;0.05). Spouse’s supportive behaviors can reduce PMS symptoms in women. As a result, it is recommended that the health care system organize the educational intervention to increase spouse supportive behaviors.</p>
Evidence for the episodic erosion of the Medusae Fossae Formation preserved within the youngest volcanic province on Mars
Authors: Morgan Gareth A. , Campbell Bruce A. , Carter Lynn M. , Plaut Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe use orbital SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) sounder data to three‐dimensionally visualize the subsurface structure of Elysium Planitia, the youngest volcanic province on Mars. Our results reveal an emplacement history consisting of multiple groups of overlapping lava flow units, originating from different sources. The uniquely complex “radar stratigraphy” of Elysium Planitia, relative to other volcanic regions, requires a distinct mechanism to generate the numerous reflectors observed in SHARAD data. Sedimentary deposits interbedded with successive batches of lava flows could account for the elaborate pattern of reflectors. We infer that widespread, rapidly emplaced material sourced from the enigmatic Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) creates these sedimentary layers. This implies that episodes of atmospheric activity, perhaps linked with the obliquity of Mars, periodically erode and redeposit material from the MFF across a large region.
Ion temperature anisotropy across a magnetotail reconnection jet
Authors: Hietala H. , Drake J. F. , Phan T. D. , Eastwood J. P. , McFadden J. P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA significant fraction of the energy released by magnetotail reconnection appears to go into ion heating, but this heating is generally anisotropic. We examine ARTEMIS dual‐spacecraft observations of a long‐duration magnetotail exhaust generated by antiparallel reconnection in conjunction with particle‐in‐cell simulations, showing spatial variations in the anisotropy across the outflow far (>100di) downstream of the X line. A consistent pattern is found in both the spacecraft data and the simulations: While the total temperature across the exhaust is rather constant, near the boundaries Ti,|| dominates. The plasma is well above the firehose threshold within patchy spatial regions at |BX|∈[0.1,0.5]B0, suggesting that the drive for the instability is strong and the instability is too weak to relax the anisotropy. At the midplane (
), Ti,⊥>Ti,|| and ions undergo Speiser‐like motion despite the large distance from the X line.
Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar observations of plasma structures in the vicinity of polar holes
Authors: Makarevich Roman A. , Lamarche L. J. , Nicolls M. J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar North (RISR‐N) data collected between January 2012 and June 2013 are employed to identify and analyze 14 events with significant plasma density depressions (Ne<4 × 1010 m−3) in the winter polar cap ionosphere. The RISR‐N observations near a magnetic latitude (MLAT) of 85°N refer to the region poleward of the previously identified polar hole‐auroral cavity region 70°–80° MLAT where extremely low densities (down to 2 × 108 m−3 near 300 km in altitude) are found at times. Multipoint observations by RISR‐N are also characterized by multiple series of propagating local density enhancements (plasma structures) both well outside and in the vicinity of polar holes. A superposed epoch analysis of plasma density and convection reveals that the density depressions tend to reach their minimum near the reversal of the meridional convection component. The wavelet analysis of plasma density time series shows that the wave power is enhanced within the depressions and tends to peak near the density minimum. The plasma structures are more elongated at mesoscales (>150 km), with no apparent differences between structure shapes outside and inside low‐density regions. The structure propagation velocity is perpendicular to its elongation direction and consistent with that of the large‐scale plasma convection. The observations indicate that large‐scale density depressions can form under a variety of convection conditions and that plasma structuring processes outside the depressions may be responsible for their partial filling.
Observations of storm time midlatitude ion‐neutral coupling using SuperDARN radars and NATION Fabry‐Perot interferometers
Authors: Joshi P. P. , H. Baker J. B. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Makela J. J. , Fisher D. J. , Harding B. J. , Frissell N. A. , Thomas E. G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIon drag is known to play an important role in driving neutral thermosphere circulation at auroral latitudes, especially during the main phase of geomagnetic storms. During the recovery phase, the neutrals are known to drive the ions and generate ionospheric electric fields and currents via the disturbance dynamo mechanism. At midlatitudes, the precise interplay between ions and neutrals is less understood largely because of the paucity of measurements that have been available. In this work, we investigate ion‐neutral coupling at middle latitudes using colocated ion drift velocity measurements obtained from Super Dual Auroral Radar Network radars and neutral wind velocity and temperature measurements obtained from the North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observing Network (NATION) Fabry‐Perot interferometers. We examine one recent storm period on 2–3 October 2013 during both the main phase and late recovery phase. By using ion‐neutral momentum exchange theory and a time‐lagged correlation analysis, we analyze the coupling time scales and dominant driving mechanisms. We observe that during the main phase the neutrals respond to the ion convection on a time scale of ∼84 min which is significantly faster than what would be expected from local ion drag momentum forcing alone. This suggests that other storm time influences are important for driving the neutrals during the main phase, such as Joule heating. During the late recovery phase, the neutrals are observed to drive the ion convection without any significant time delay, consistent with the so‐called “neutral fly wheel effect” or disturbance dynamo persisting well into the late recovery phase.
Synconvergence flow inside and at the margin of orogenic plateaus: Lithospheric‐scale experimental approach
Authors: Bajolet Flora , Chardon Dominique , Martinod Joseph , Gapais Denis , Kermarrec Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study investigates three‐dimensional flow modes of orogenic plateaus by means of physical modeling. Experiments consist of shortening two contiguous lithospheres of contrasting strength, one being a weak plateau‐type lithosphere and the other a strong craton‐type lithosphere. The lateral boundaries are either totally confined or allow escape toward a lateral foreland on one side. Two synconvergence flow regimes are distinguished, which are governed by the balance between the gravity potential and the strength of the plateau crust and the resistance of its lateral foreland. The first regime implies transversal (orogen‐normal) injection of plateau lower crust into the collision zone as a result of confinement of the plateau by an increasingly stiffer lateral boundary. As a precursor mechanism to channel flow, transversal injection responds to downward thickening of the plateau crust that is forcedly extruded into the orogenic wedge. The second regime is that of collapse‐driven lateral escape of the plateau. This regime is established after a threshold is attained in the interplate coupling in the collision zone, which allows the gravity potential of the plateau to overcome the resistance of its lateral boundary. Under the collapse‐driven escape regime (orogen parallel), such as that governing Tibet during the last 13 Ma, most of the convergence in the plateau and the top and rear of the collisional wedge is transformed into lateral flow and extension.
Tidal resonance in icy satellites with subsurface oceans
Authors: Kamata Shunichi , Matsuyama Isamu , Nimmo Francis 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTidal dissipation is a major heat source for the icy satellites of the giant planets. Several icy satellites likely possess a subsurface ocean underneath an ice shell. Previous studies of tidal dissipation on icy satellites, however, have either assumed a static ocean or ignored the effect of the ice lid on subsurface ocean dynamics. In this study, we examine inertial effects on tidal deformation of satellites with a dynamic ocean overlain by an ice lid based on viscoelasto‐gravitational theory. Although ocean dynamics is treated in a simplified fashion, we find a resonant configuration when the phase velocity of ocean gravity waves is similar to that of the tidal bulge. This condition is achieved when a subsurface ocean is thin (<1 km). The enhanced deformation (increased h2 and k2 Love numbers) near the resonant configuration would lead to enhanced tidal heating in the solid lid. A static ocean formulation gives an accurate result only if the ocean thickness is much larger than the resonant thickness. The resonant configuration strongly depends on the properties of the shell, demonstrating the importance of the presence of a shell on tidal dissipation.
Dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds to various land covers in the Athabasca oil sands region
Authors: Zhang Leiming , Cheng Irene , Wu Zhiyong , Harner Tom , Schuster Jasmin , Charland Jean‐Pierre , Muir Derek , Parnis J. Mark 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA framework was developed to estimate dry deposition of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 21 alkylated PAHs, and 5 parent and alkylated dibenzothiophenes (DBTs), to various land covers surrounding three monitoring sites in the Athabasca oil sands region. Modeled dry deposition velocities for various gaseous PACs and over various land covers were mostly in the range of 0.01–0.5 cm s−1 with median and annual mean values between 0.08 and 0.24 cm s−1, comparable with literature values obtained from field studies. Annual dry deposition of the sum of PAHs was estimated to range from 330 to 560 μg m−2 over forested canopies surrounding the three sites and from 270 to 490 μg m−2 over grass and shrubs. The corresponding values are 3920–5380 and 2850–4920 μg m−2 for the sum of 21 alkylated PAHs, and are 230–1120 and 450–930 μg m−2 for the sum of 5 DBTs. The three monitoring sites are situated nearby the Athabasca River, and the direct annual atmospheric dry deposition to water surface was estimated to range from 350 to 500, 3170 to 4530, and 170 to 840 μg m−2 for PAHs, alkylated PAHs, and DBTs, respectively. Alkylated PAHs contributed 80% of the total dry and 60% of the total wet deposition budget, suggesting the importance of including this group of PAHs in the atmospheric deposition budget estimation for subsequent ecosystem impact studies.