bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Esthetic Treatment Outcome of Orthognathic Surgery and Dentofacial Orthopedics in Class II Treatment: A Cephalometric Study
Authors: Kabbur Karthik Jayadevappa , Hemanth M , Patil GS , Sathyadeep V , Shamnur Naveen , Harieesha KB , Praveen GR 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The main objective of any orthodontic treatment is to achieve well-established stable occlusal relationship with a definite positive change in facial profile. The purpose of this study was to determine, if such a goal is achievable for patients who could be classified as borderline surgical cases without the invasive use of the actual surgery or, with the use of the recently developed and rapidly spreading fixed functional appliance system (Forsus) and a comparison of the esthetic treatment outcome with the two systems.

Materials and methods
Twelve postadolescent borderline skeletal class II patients with a deficient mandible. All the patients used in the study were treated by a preadjusted edgewise appliance for presurgical decompensation with or without extractions and for postsurgical finishing and detailing. Out of the 12 patients six were treated with bilateral saggital split osteotomy (BSSO) and six were treated with fixed functional appliance (Forsus).

Results
The results suggested that although surgical patients had a better mandibular advancement, profile reduction, and marked improvements in soft tissue structures, the patients who had undergone fixed functional therapy also had comparable improvement in the above aspects. In the maxilla there was no change in cases treated with surgery but in case of Forsus some retraction of anterior dental segment was evident.

Conclusion
In surgical group, class II malocclusion correction was more skeletal than dental, whereas in functional group class II malocclusion correction was more dental than skeletal.

Clinical significance
Looking at the common surgical risks, cost-effective and postsurgical problems and patients with borderline class II malocclusion, fixed functional therapy is a valuable adjunct in the management of class II malocclusion.

How to cite this article
Kabbur KJ, Hemanth M, Patil GS, Sathyadeep V, Shamnur N, Harieesha KB, Praveen GR. An Esthetic Treatment Outcome of Orthognathic Surgery and Dentofacial Orthopedics in Class II Treatment: A Cephalometric Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):602-606.
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate and Calcium Hydroxide against Candida albicans
Authors: Kurian Jacob , Bolla Nagesh , Damaraju Bhargavi 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated fungi from the oral cavity. It is the most infective to various intracanal medicaments and is considered as invasive yeast. Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) which is used as a disinfectant and as a biocide in treating potable water has similar action to that of sodium hypochlorite against microbes. The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of calcium hydroxide and NaDCC against Candida albicans.

Materials and methods
After obtaining the stock cultures of Candida, the isolates were divided into six groups which were exposed to different concentrations of NaDCC and calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. Group 1 consisted of the isolates which were subdivided into three groups, subjected to three different concentrations of NaDCC. Group 2 also consisted of three subgroups exposed to three different concentrations of Ca(OH)2. Group three consisted of three subgroups which were exposed to three different concentrations of combinations of both NaDCC and Ca(OH)2.

Results
The results of the present study show that calcium hydroxide was totally ineffective at all concentrations and NaDCC was effective and also the combination of both was shown to be effective.

Conclusion
NaDCC alone was effective at all concentrations and the combination with Ca(OH)2 was found to be less effective. Ca(OH)2 was totally ineffective.

How to cite this article
Kurian J, Bolla N, Damaraju B. Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate and Calcium Hydroxide against Candida Albicans. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):665-670.
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome (Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica)
Authors: Shetty B Prasanna , Alva Nandakishore 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Meckel-Gruber syndrome is a rare lethal autosomal recessive condition which was first described by Johann Friedrich Meckel in 18221 and GB Gruber in 1934.2 More than 200 cases have been reported worldwide with an incidence ranging from 1:13,250 to 1:140,000 live births.3
A 21-year-old female with G3 A2 L0, presented with twin pregnancy with history of previous two anencephalic pregnancies. The present pregnancy was a preterm vaginal delivery of female twins by face presentation at 35 weeks of gestation (diamniotic dichorionic twin gestation).
Neonatal autopsy revealed classical triad of occipital encephalocele, polycystic kidneys and lungs with postaxial polydactyly.
This case is presented for its rarity and its documented occurrence in Gujarati Indians.

How to cite this article
Shetty BP, Alva N, Patil S, Shetty R. Meckel- Gruber Syndrome (Dysencephalia Splanchnocystica). J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):713-715.
Are Current Account Deficits Sustainable? New Evidence from Iran Using Bounds Testing Approach to Level Relationships
Authors: Heidari Hassan , Katircioglu Salih Turan , Davoudi Narmin 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper provides new evidence on the long-run relationship between exports and imports of the Iranian economy by employing bounds testing approach to level relationships. In Iran, there have been many unusual policy changes and/or external shocks to the economy; this has resulted in the occurrence of a multitude of structural breaks in macroeconomic variables. By taking these breaks into account, results of the present study reveal that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between imports and exports over the sample period, 1960–2007. This result confirms the finding of Arize (Imports and exports in 50 countries: Tests of cointegration and structural breaks, 2002) by employing bounds tests to level relationships and suggests that current account deficits in Iran are sustainable.
Napsin A Is Differentially Expressed in Sclerosing Hemangiomas of the Lung
Authors: Schmidt Lindsay A. , Myers Jeffrey L. , McHugh Jonathan B. 
Published: November 2012

Context.—Sclerosing hemangiomas (SH) are lung tumors characterized by surface cuboidal cells and round stromal cells. The cell of origin remains controversial, though immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies suggest primitive respiratory epithelium. Napsin A, a human aspartic proteinase found primarily in type II pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages, is emerging as a helpful immunohistochemical marker in characterizing the origin of lung neoplasms, and may be of use in evaluating SH.Objective.—To evaluate napsin A immunohistochemical staining in SH to further characterize the cell of origin.Design.—Six cases of SH were stained for napsin A, as well as thyroid transcription factor 1 and cytokeratin in selected cases.Results.—Surface and round cells were positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 in all cases stained with this marker. Cytokeratins were positive in surface cells in all cases stained with this marker; 2 cases had focal cytokeratin staining in round cells. Round cells had focal napsin A staining in 1 case (17%); surface cells were napsin positive in all cases.Conclusions.—The observation of thyroid transcription factor 1 positivity in both surface and round cells in all SH suggests primitive respiratory epithelium as the cell of origin of SH. Our napsin A findings support this, with positivity in surface cells of all tumors (100%), and focal round cell staining in only 1 (17%). In fact, surface cells may represent entrapped type II pneumocytes, which normally express napsin A in a granular cytoplasmic pattern, similar to surface cells. The coexpression of thyroid transcription factor 1 and napsin A also introduces a caveat in differentiating primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas from SH in small biopsy specimens.
Non-Invasive Real-Time Monitoring and Label-Free Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Brain Cancer Cells Through Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Darrell B. Tata  , Ilko K. Ilev  
Published: November 2012

We present evidence that real-time optical monitoring of human brain cancer cells through forward Raman spectroscopy can be used as a highly sensitive non-invasive label-free tool in acquiring real-time information on the cellular metabolic activity through the concentration levels of selective biomarkers. In this investigation, we quantified the concentration level of a natural by-product of cellular respiration, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), through its characteristic Raman signature due to the transitions of O-O vibration energy level, resulting in a sharp Raman scatter frequency shift around 880cm-1. The experimental findings revealed that 3.75´106 cells to have produced a substantial amount (3%) of H2O2.
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy - Real-Time In Vivo Imaging of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Anna Haydee Chacon  , Uzma Farooq  , Katlein Franca  , Jennifer Ledon  , Jessica Savas  , Keyvan Nouri  
Published: November 2012

Reflectance and confocal microscopy (RCM) is an in vivo non-invasive imaging tool that captures horizontal images of the epidermis and superficial dermis at nearly the same resolution of routine histopathology. Due to the overlying superficial scaling, RCM characterization of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and associated keratinizing tumors is difficult to visualize due to the obscure appearance of underlying structures. To date, although an increasing frequency of abnormal RCM features are observed across the spectrum, only a few authors have described the features of SCCs. One recent study suggested a disarranged and atypical honeycomb pattern along with round nucleated cells within the spinous/granular layers and round vessels traversing through dermal papilla as key features of SCC.
Meanwhile several RCM features have been linked to basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) regardless of type including:

Variable architectural disarray of the epidermis
A uniform pattern of elongated monomorphic nuclei polarized along the same axis
Abundant vessels with prominent tortuosity
Mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate admixed with carcinoid basal cells
Tightly packed cells in the papillary dermis with a nodular/cord-like growth pattern
Palisading tumor cell nuclei
Peri-tumoral dark cleft-like spaces representing mucinous edema
The presence of bright dendritic cells and melanophages in pigmented BCC

Our objective is to identify and describe characteristic RCM findings of SCCs and BCCs by imaging biopsy-proven lesions and reviewing the most recent literature. We will also explain how these features may facilitate diagnosis and recognize future trends for research. Applications of RCM criteria concerning surgical management of these lesions will also be discussed.
Evaluation of Single-Field Electron Beams for Postmastectomy Radiotherapy
Authors: H. Omer  , O.Nasir  , A. Suleiman  
Published: November 2012

Introduction:electron beams have been extensively used in postmastectomy radiotherapy due to its homogenous dose at the surface followed by sharp fall-off sparing the underlying tissue. Multiple electron fields or electron photon mix were the techniques commonly used. An old study reported the successful use of single-field electron beams with beam energy of 20 MeV. Yet the potential risks of the organs at risk were not clearly shown. Objectives:the objectives of this study were to assess the possibility of applying single-field electron beams in postmastectomy radiotherapy in terms of: the dose distribution in the target, the volume of organs that receive a certain threshold dose and the volume of organs that receive low doses of radiation. Materials and Methods: the Monte Carlo codes of EGSnrc were used to simulate electron beams of different energies and gantry angles. The resulting dose files were used by XSTING to generate dose volume histograms, which were used for evaluation. Results and Discussions: the target coverage was quite poor in most of the studied scenarios. Improving the target coverage was at the expense of irradiating the lung and heart with unacceptable dose values. Conclusion and Recommendations: Single field electron beams cannot be used for postmastectomy radiotherapy. Multiple electron fields or photon electron mix are necessary and need to be assessed.
Virological failure rates and HIV‐1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first‐line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon
Authors: Liégeois Florian , Vella Caroline , Eymard‐Duvernay Sabrina , Sica Jeanne , Makosso Laurent , Mouinga‐Ondémé Augustin , Mongo Arnaud Delis , Boué Vanina , Butel Christelle , Peeters Martine , Gonzalez Jean‐Paul , Delaporte Eric , Rouet François 
Published: November 2012

IntroductionAs antiretroviral treatment (ART) continues to expand in resource‐limited countries, the emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is challenging in these settings. In Gabon (central Africa), no study has yet reported the virological effectiveness of initial ART given through routine HIV care.MethodsFollowing the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, a cross‐sectional study with a one‐time HIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL) measurement was conducted in Gabon to assess virological failure (VF) defined by a VL result ≥1000 copies/ml and DRMs among adult patients living with non‐B HIV‐1 strains and receiving first‐line non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)‐based antiretroviral therapy for at least 12 months. Risk factors associated with VF and DRMs were assessed.ResultsBetween March 2010 and March 2011, a total of 375 patients were consecutively enrolled from two decentralized (one semirural and one rural) HIV care centres. Median time on ART was 33.6 months (range, 12–107). Overall, the rate of VF was 41.3% (36.4–46.4). Among viremic patients, 56.7% (80/141) had at least one DRM and 37.6% had dual‐class resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and NNRTIs. The most frequent DRMs were K103N/S (46.1%) and M184V/I (37.6%). Thymidine analogue mutations were found in 10.6%. Independent risk factors associated with VF were being followed up at the semirural centre (P=0.033), having experienced unstructured treatment interruptions (P=0.0044), and having low CD4+ counts at enrolment (P<0.0001). A longer time on ART (P=0.0008) and being followed up at the rural centre (P=0.021) were risk factors for DRMs.ConclusionsThis is the first study conducted in Gabon providing VF rates and DRM patterns in adult patients receiving first‐line ART. In sub‐Saharan Africa, where NNRTI‐based regimens are recommended as the standard for first‐line ART, strengthening virological monitoring together with preventing unplanned treatment interruptions are a global public health priority.
Confidence in the Fairness of Local Public Health Systems’ Response to Disasters: The US Veterans’ Perspective
Authors: Heslin Kevin C. , Riopelle Deborah , Gin June L. , Ordunez John , Naranjo Diana E. , Dobalian Aram 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of local public health systems in emergency management depends on trust from the entire community. However, the failure of some government agencies to respond effectively to several major disasters has had a disproportionate impact on certain groups-racial/ethnic minorities, in particular-that are well-represented in the veteran population. Many veterans belong to multiple vulnerable populations at greater risk of harm during disasters. This study examines confidence that local public health systems will respond fairly to disasters in a diverse sample of US veterans.MethodsThis study is an analysis of cross-sectional data on 5955 veterans in the 2009 California Health Interview Survey. Respondents were asked about their confidence that public health systems would respond fairly to their needs in the event of a disaster, regardless of their race/ethnicity or other personal characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify variables on respondent characteristics that were independently associated with confidence. The hypothesis was that there would be less confidence in county public health systems among respondents who were racial/ethnic minorities, had less than a college degree, and were of low-income backgrounds.ResultsApproximately 79% of veterans were confident that public health systems would respond fairly. The hypothesis was unsupported, with no differences in confidence by race/ethnicity, education, or income. Also, no differences were noted between men and women or between veterans with and without disabilities. However, confidence was associated with continent of birth, age, homeownership, and marital status.ConclusionIf confidence affects veterans’ willingness to accept disaster preparedness communications or to give proper consideration to recommended emergency countermeasures, then local health departments that issue such information to veterans are not likely to encounter barriers by race/ethnicity, income, education, disability status, or gender.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:75-81)
Managing One's Own Cognitive Load when Evidence of Split Attention is Present
Authors: Roodenrys Kylie , Agostinho Shirley , Roodenrys Steven , Chandler Paul 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThere is an increasing expectation in tertiary education that students take control of their own learning, experience independence and manage their own cognition. This research sought to investigate techniques for university students to manage their own cognitive load. This paper presents two experiments conducted with postgraduate university students enrolled in an educational psychology subject in an Australian university. A total of 86 students participated in Experiment 1 and 85 in Experiment 2. The results of both experiments show that it is possible to instruct students on how to self‐manage split attention. Furthermore, the findings from Experiment 2 show that students can transfer skills of split‐attention management when provided with new instructional materials. The implications for this unique direction of cognitive load theory research are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recyclable, Flexible, Low‐Power Oxide Electronics
Authors: Martins Rodrigo F. P. , Ahnood Arman , Correia Nuno , Pereira Luís M. N. P. , Barros Raquel , Barquinha Pedro M. C. B. , Costa Ricardo , Ferreira Isabel M. M. , Nathan Arokia , Fortunato Elvira E. M. C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ability to process and dimensionally scale field‐effect transistors with and on paper and to integrate them as a core component for low‐power‐consumption analog and digital circuits is demonstrated. Low‐temperature‐processed p‐ and n‐channel integrated oxide thin‐film transistors in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter architecture are seamlessly layered on mechanically flexible, low‐cost, recyclable paper substrates. The possibility of building these circuits using low‐temperature processes opens the door to new applications ranging from smart labels and sensors on clothing and packaging to electronic displays printed on paper pages for use in newspapers, magazines, books, signs, and advertising billboards. Because the CMOS circuits reported constitute fundamental building blocks for analog and digital electronics, this development creates the potential to have flexible form factor computers seamlessly layered onto paper. The holistic approach of merging low‐power circuitry with a recyclable substrate is an important step towards greener electronics.
Continuous Synthesis of Device‐Grade Semiconducting Polymers in Droplet‐Based Microreactors
Authors: Bannock James H. , Krishnadasan Siva H. , Nightingale Adrian M. , Yau Chin Pang , Khaw Kevin , Burkitt Daniel , Halls Jonathan J. M. , Heeney Martin , de Mello John C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA method is reported for the controlled synthesis of device‐grade semiconducting polymers, utilizing a droplet‐based microfluidic reactor. Using poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a test material, the reactor is shown to provide a controlled and stable environment for polymer synthesis, enabling control of molecular weight via tuning of flow conditions, reagent composition or temperature. Molecular weights of up to 92 000 Da are readily attainable, without leakage or reactor fouling. The method avoids the usual deterioration in materials quality that occurs when conventional batch syntheses are scaled from the sub‐gram level to higher quantities, with a prototype five‐channel reactor producing material of consistent molecular weight distribution and high regioregularity (>98%) at a rate of ≈60 g/day. The droplet‐synthesized P3HT compares favorably with commercial material in terms of absorption spectrum, polydispersity, regioregularity, and crystallinity, yielding power conversion efficiencies of up to 4% in bulk heterojunction solar cells with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester.
Regioselective Cleavage of Unstrained CC Bond and CH Bond: Palladium–Copper Catalyzed Deacetophenonylative Arylation of Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Sun Manman , Shen Guodong , Bao Weiliang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA CαCβ bond activation of the carbonyl group in unstrained ketones catalyzed cooperatively by palladium and copper(II) with the departure of the acetophenone has been developed, and the subsequent coupling with a variety of aromatics via the formal CH activation similar to the Friedel–Crafts reaction affords the skeleton‐reconstructed coumarin derivatives with high regioselectivity.
Phenotype refinement for comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and reading disability
Authors: Sheikhi Abdullah R. , Martin Neilson , Hay David , Piek Jan P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractComorbidity between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and reading disability (RD) is common; however, the heritability of this comorbidity is not well understood. This may be due to the complexity and heterogeneity of ADHD and RD phenotypes. Using alternative ADHD–RD sub‐phenotypes instead of those arising from theDSM‐IVmay lead to greater success in the search for comorbid ADHD–RD susceptibility genes. Therefore, this study aims to refine ADHD–RD phenotypes into homogenous informative sub‐phenotypes using latent class analysis (LCA). LCA was performed on 2,610 Australian twin families (6,535 individuals) in order to generate probabilistic genetically distinct classes that define ADHD–RD subtypes, including comorbidity, based on related symptom clusters. The LCA separated the phenotypes for ADHD and RD into nine classes. One class was unaffected; three classes demonstrated the three DSM‐IV subtypes of ADHD, three subtypes showed different severities of RD, and two classes expressed a combination of RD and ADHD subtypes. LCA proved effective in refining the phenotypes of ADHD alone, RD alone, and ADHD–RD comorbidity, and its ability to classify them into homogenous groups based on clusters of symptoms, suggesting that the latent classes may be robust enough to use in molecular genetic studies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.