bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic SiC Nanoparticles/PEDOT:PSS Composite Thin Films as the Counter Electrodes of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Tsai Yu‐Lin , Li Chun‐Ting , Huang Tzu‐Yen , Lee Chi‐Ta , Lin Chen‐Yang , Chu Chih‐Wei , Vittal R. , Ho Kuo‐Chuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA composite film consisting of silicon carbide nanoparticles and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (SiC‐NPs/PEDOT:PSS) is deposited on a fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrate and used as the counter electrode (CE) material for a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The content of SiC is optimized to be 5 wt % with respect to PEDOT:PSS to obtain the best power conversion efficiency (η) of 7.25 % for the pertinent DSSC. The η of the best DSSC (7.25 %) is found to be slightly lower than that of the cell with a sputtered‐Pt CE (η=7.98 %). The films are characterized by using field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic parameters of the CEs are obtained by using cyclic voltammetry, rotating disk electrode, and Tafel polarization curves. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency curves are used to substantiate the photovoltaic parameter.
Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon–Copper Nanohybrids as Electrocatalysts in H2O2 and Glucose Sensing
Authors: Wei Chengzhen , Liu Yuanying , Li Xinran , Zhao Junhong , Ren Zhen , Pang Huan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is Prof. Huan Pang from Anyang Normal University. The image represents a non‐enzymatic amperometric sensor detecting H2O2. The sensor was fabricated and investigated for the detection of both H2O2 and glucose oxidation. It is revealed that the as‐prepared sensor based on N‐doped nanoporous carbon–copper nanohybrid plates has a high sensitivity, low detection limit, and excellent selectivity. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/celc.201300211.
Tunable Fluorophores Based on 2‐(N‐Arylimino)pyrrolyl Chelates of Diphenylboron: Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Characterization, and Application in OLEDs
Authors: Suresh D. , Lopes Patrícia S. , Ferreira Bruno , Figueira Cláudia A. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Gomes Pedro T. , Di Paolo Roberto E. , Maçanita António L. , Duarte M. Teresa , Charas Ana , Morgado Jorge , Calhorda Maria José 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReactions of 2‐(N‐arylimino)pyrroles (HNC4H3C(H)N‐Ar) with triphenylboron (BPh3) in boiling toluene afford the respective highly emissive N,N′‐boron chelate complexes, [BPh2{κ2N,N′‐NC4H3C(H)N‐Ar}] (Ar=C6H5 (12), 2,6‐Me2‐C6H3 (13), 2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3 (14), 4‐OMe‐C6H4 (15), 3,4‐Me2‐C6H3 (16), 4‐F‐C6H4 (17), 4‐NO2‐C6H4 (18), 4‐CN‐C6H4 (19), 3,4,5‐F3‐C6H2 (20), and C6F5 (21)) in moderate to high yields. The photophysical properties of these new boron complexes largely depend on the substituents present on the aryl rings of their N‐arylimino moieties. The complexes bearing electron‐withdrawing aniline substituents 17–20 show more intense (e.g., ϕf=0.71 for Ar=4‐CN‐C6H4 (19) in THF), higher‐energy (blue) fluorescent emission compared to those bearing electron‐donating substituents, for which the emission is redshifted at the expense of lower quantum yields (ϕf=0.13 and 0.14 for Ar=4‐OMe‐C6H4 (15) and 3,4‐Me2‐C6H3 (16), respectively, in THF). The presence of substituents bulkier than a hydrogen atom at the 2,6‐positions of the aryl groups strongly restricts rotation of this moiety towards coplanarity with the iminopyrrolyl ligand framework, inducing a shift in the emission to the violet region (λmax=410–465 nm) and a significant decrease in quantum yield (ϕf=0.005, 0.023, and 0.20 for Ar=2,6‐Me2‐C6H3 (13), 2,6‐iPr2‐C6H3 (14), and C6F5 (21), respectively, in THF), even when electron‐withdrawing groups are also present. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations have indicated that the excited singlet state has a planar aryliminopyrrolyl ligand, except when prevented by steric hindrance (ortho substituents). Calculated absorption maxima reproduce the experimental values, but the error is higher for the emission wavelengths. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been fabricated with the new boron complexes, with luminances of the order of 3000 cd m−2 being achieved for a green‐emitting device.
Control of Chromophore Symmetry by Positional Isomerism of Peripheral Substituents
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Haseba Yu , Yamazaki Mariko , Kumazawa Genji , Kobayashi Nagao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe first example of the control of porphyrinoid chromophore symmetry based on the positional isomerism of peripheral substituents has been achieved by preparing tetraazaporphyrins (TAPs) with C4h, D2h, C2v, and Cs symmetry due to the relative arrangement of peripheral tert‐butylamino and cyano groups as push and pull substituents, respectively. The four structural isomers were successfully isolated and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. The band morphology in the Q‐band region varies depending on the molecular symmetry due to the significant perturbation introduced into the chromophore by the push and pull substituents. The C4h and C2v isomers exhibit a single Q band, whereas the Q bands of the D2h and Cs isomers show a marked splitting. The magnetic circular dichroism spectra indicate that the push–pull TAPs retain the properties of the 16‐membered 18π‐electron perimeter generally observed for porphyrinoids. Theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the perturbation introduced by the substituents lowers the D4h symmetry of the parent TAP π‐conjugated system, and this results in significant spectral changes. A novel approach to the fine‐tuning of the spectral properties of porphyrinoids based on changes in the chromophore symmetry is described.
Heteronuclear NMR Spectroscopy as Surface‐Selective Technique: A Unique Look at the Hydroxyl Groups of γ‐Alumina
Authors: Taoufik Mostafa , Szeto Kai C. , Merle Nicolas , Rosal Iker Del , Maron Laurent , Trébosc Julien , Tricot Grégory , Gauvin Régis M. , Delevoye Laurent 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Régis M. Gauvin at the Université Lille Nord de France, Laurent Maron from the Université de Toulouse, and Mostafa Taoufik from the Université Lyon 1. The image depicts data on the topology of the surface hydroxyl groups of γ‐alumina as a postcard. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.2013004883.
Reliable and Safe Operation of Process Plants
Authors: Himmelsbach Werner , Krebs Rainer 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEine wettbewerbsfähige Herstellung chemischer Produkte erfordert größere Anlagen mit höheren Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten, wofür häufig keine Erfahrungen zur Prozess‐ und Anlagentechnik vorliegen. Ein wirtschaftlicher Betrieb ist nur möglich, wenn mit einem stabilen Verfahren und einer robusten Ausrüstung Ausfälle und ungeplante Stillstände vermieden werden und hohe Betriebssicherheit die Anforderungen des Gesundheits‐ und Umweltschutzes gewährleistet. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von Rührwerksanlagen, wie diese Ziele über eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung zusammengefasst und umgesetzt werden können.
New Lignans from the Leaves and Stems of Schisandra chinensis and Their Anti‐HIV‐1 Activities
Authors: Shi Yiming , Zhong Weimao , Chen Huan , Wang Ruirui , Shang Shanzhai , Liang Chengqin , Gao Zhonghua , Zheng Yongtang , Xiao Weilie , Sun Handong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSix new lignans (1–6), as well as five known ones (7–11) were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra chinensis. The structures of 1–6 were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques and CD experiments. Compound 1 was the first example of naturally occurring N‐containing lignans featuring a nicotinoyl group. All the new compounds were evaluated for their anti‐HIV‐1 activities and showed EC50 values in the range 17.89–138.23 µg/mL.
Broadband Antireflective Superhydrophilic Thin Films with Outstanding Mechanical Stability on Glass Substrates
Authors: Yao Lin , He Junhui 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA facile approach was developed to fabricate visible/near‐infrared antireflective (AR), superhydrophilic and anti‐fogging thin films on glass substrates. Glass substrate was first etched by H2SiF6‐based vapor and then dip‐coated sequentially in a base‐catalyzed 20 nm SiO2 nanoparticles sol and an acid‐catalyzed SiO2 sol. After annealing, the prepared thin film (named E/BSiO2/ASiO2) not only showed good optical and wetting properties, but also exhibited excellent mechanical properties. The thin film has enhanced transmittance in the spectral range of UV to near‐infrared. The maximum transmittance of E/BSiO2/ASiO2 thin film coated glass substrate is 98.4% in 400–1200 nm and 96.1% in 1200–2500 nm, respectively. Comparing with blank glass substrate, the average transmittance increases by 5% in the wavelength range of 300–2500 nm. Meanwhile, the film showed good anti‐fogging performance. SEM and AFM were employed to characterize the morphology of the thin film. The prepared thin film has potential application in various areas, like solar cells, windowpanes and eyeglasses, and may also find applications in membrane‐based separation, selective catalysis and sensors.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Porten Sima , Siefker‐Radtke Arlene O. , Xiao Lianchun , Margulis Vitaly , Kamat Ashish M. , Wood Christopher G. , Jonasch Eric , Dinney Colin P. N. , Matin Surena F. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDHigh‐grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is frequently upstaged after surgery and is associated with uniformly poor survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy may offer a way to improve clinical outcomes. The authors compared the survival rates of patients with UTUC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery with the rates among patients who did not.METHODSA retrospective review was conducted of patients with high‐risk UTUC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery from 2004 to 2008 (study group) compared with a matched cohort who underwent initial surgery from 1993 to 2003 (control group). Fisher exact tests, Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, and Kaplan‐Meier methods were used. The log‐rank test and Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to evaluate the association of the 2 outcomes with patient, treatment, and tumor characteristics in univariate and multivariate models.RESULTSOf 112 patients, there were 31 in the study group and 81 in the control group. Patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had improved overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) with a 5‐year DSS rate of 90.1% and a 5‐year OS rate of 80.2% versus DSS and OS rates of 57.6% for those who underwent initial surgery (P = .0204 and P = .0015, respectively). In multivariate analyses, the neoadjuvant group had a lower risk of mortality (OS: hazard ratio, 0.42 [P = .035]; DSS: hazard ratio, 0.19 [P = .006]).CONCLUSIONSNeoadjuvant chemotherapy improved the survival of patients with UTUC compared with a matched historic cohort of patients who underwent initial surgery. Patients with high‐risk UTUC should be considered for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in view of the limited opportunity to administer effective cisplatin‐based chemotherapy after nephroureterectomy. Cancer 2014;120:1794–1799. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Expression of androgen receptor in inflammatory breast cancer and its clinical relevance
Authors: Gong Yun , Wei Wei , Wu Yun , Ueno Naoto T. , Huo Lei 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDInflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course with early metastasis and frequent resistance to conventional therapies. Identifying a novel therapeutic approach may improve the prognosis for patients with IBC. Because androgen receptor (AR)‐expressing tumors may be targeted by anti‐AR therapy, the authors examined the prevalence of AR expression in IBC tumors and explored its clinical relevance.METHODSTissue microarrays of 88 IBC tumors were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibody against AR, and the results were correlated with clinicopathologic parameters and survival outcomes.RESULTSThe median follow‐up was 10.8 years. AR was positive in 39% of the IBC tumors and in approximately one‐third of estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative and progesterone receptor (PR)‐negative tumors. AR positivity was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion (P = .01) but not with other clinicopathologic parameters. There was a trend toward an association between AR expression and PR expression (P = .07). In univariate survival analysis, patients who had AR‐negative/ER‐negative tumors had significantly worse overall survival (P = .03) and disease‐specific survival (P = .04) than patients who had tumors with other combinations of AR/ER status.CONCLUSIONSAR expression was common in IBC tumors, and AR positivity was significantly associated with lymphovascular invasion. Patients who had AR‐negative/ER‐negative tumors had the worst survival outcomes. Further study with a larger series will be required to delineate the biologic mechanisms of AR and their clinical significance in IBC tumors. Cancer 2014;120:1775–1779. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Globus platform‐as‐a‐service for collaborative science applications
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Rachana , Chard Kyle , Foster Ian , Tuecke Steven 
Published: March 2014

SummaryGlobus, developed as software‐as‐a‐service for research data management, also provides APIs that constitute a flexible and powerful platform‐as‐a‐service to which developers can outsource data management activities such as transfer and sharing, as well as identity, profile, and group management. By providing these frequently important but always challenging capabilities as a service, accessible over the network, Globus platform‐as‐a‐service streamlines Web application development and makes it easy for individuals, teams, and institutions to create collaborative applications such as science gateways for science communities. We introduce the capabilities of this platform and review representative applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Adsorbate Coverage and Bond‐Length Disorder on the d‐Band Center of Carbon‐Supported Pt Catalysts
Authors: Small Matthew W. , Kas Joshua J. , Kvashnina Kristina O. , Rehr John J. , Nuzzo Ralph G. , Tromp Moniek , Frenkel Anatoly I. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDetermination of the factors that affect the d‐band center of catalysts is required to explain their catalytic properties. Resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS) enables direct imaging of electronic transitions in the d‐band of Pt catalysts in real time and in realistic environmental conditions. Through a combination of in situ, temperature‐resolved RIXS measurements and theoretical simulations we isolated and quantified the effects of bond‐length disorder and adsorbate coverage (CO and H2) on the d‐band center of 1.25 nm size Pt catalysts supported on carbon. We found that the decrease in adsorbate coverage at elevated temperatures is responsible for the d band shifts towards higher energies relative to the Fermi level, whereas the effect of the increase in bond‐length disorder on the d‐band center is negligible. Although these results were obtained for a specific case of non‐interacting support and weak temperature dependence of the metal–metal bond length in a model catalyst, this work can be extended to a broad range of real catalysts.
Characterization of railway line impedance based only on short‐circuit measurements
Authors: García J. C. , Jiménez J. A. , Espinosa F. , Hernández A. , Fernández I. , Pérez M. C. , Ureña J. , Mazo M. , García J. J. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a new methodology to obtain the line impedance of current railway tracks by using only short‐circuit measurements. Open‐circuit measurements required by conventional methodologies are discarded, since they cannot be carried out for railway tracks in service (electrically continuous and indefinite length). The mathematical basis of the proposed methodology is based on the transmission line theory but focused on the changes in track length. The proposal has been successfully applied to characterize the impedance of the high‐speed railway line at the Spanish AVE Madrid–Valencia (Cuenca) and in the AVE Atocha–Chamartin tunnel (Madrid). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry cell sorter biosafety standards
Authors: Holmes Kevin L. , Fontes Benjamin , Hogarth Philip , Konz Richard , Monard Simon , Pletcher Charles H. , Wadley Robert B. , Schmid Ingrid , Perfetto Stephen P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFlow cytometric cell sorting of biological specimens has become prevalent in basic and clinical research laboratories. These specimens may contain known or unknown infectious agents, necessitating precautions to protect instrument operators and the environment from biohazards arising from the use of sorters. To this end the International Society of Analytical Cytology (ISAC) was proactive in establishing biosafety guidelines in 1997 (Schmid et al., Cytometry 1997;28:99–117) and subsequently published revised biosafety standards for cell sorting of unfixed samples in 2007 (Schmid et al., Cytometry Part A J Int Soc Anal Cytol 2007;71A:414–437). Since their publication, these documents have become recognized worldwide as the standard of practice and safety precautions for laboratories performing cell sorting experiments. However, the field of cytometry has progressed since 2007, and the document requires an update. The new Standards provides guidance: (1) for laboratory design for cell sorter laboratories; (2) for the creation of laboratory or instrument specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOP); and (3) on procedures for the safe operation of cell sorters, including personal protective equipment (PPE) and validation of aerosol containment. Published © 2013 Wiley Periodicals Inc.†
Divergent patterns of riparian cottonwood recovery after the return of wolves in Yellowstone, USA
Authors: Beschta Robert L. , Ripple William J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the potential effect apex predators may have on riparian plant communities, via a trophic cascade, represents an important research challenge in Rocky Mountain ecosystems. In the northern ungulate winter range of Yellowstone National Park where grey wolves (Canis lupus) were historically present, absent for seven decades, and recently reintroduced, our objective was to evaluate patterns of cottonwood (Populus spp.) recruitment for two adjacent reaches of the Lamar Valley. Results indicated that recruitment was common in both reaches when wolves were historically present and declined because of intensive herbivory from elk (Cervus elaphus) after wolves were extirpated in the early 1900s. By the 1970s, cottonwood recruitment along both reaches had essentially ceased. Wolves were reintroduced in the mid‐1990s, and by 2012, some 4660 young cottonwoods ≥2 m in height (the general upper browse level of elk) had become established within the 2‐km‐long upper Lamar study reach, consistent with re‐establishment of a tri‐trophic cascade involving wolves, elk, and cottonwoods. However, within the 8‐km‐long lower Lamar study reach, only 22 young cottonwoods had attained a height of ≥2 m because of high levels of herbivory, especially from bison (Bison bison). Top–down trophic interactions involving wolves and elk, as well as reach characteristics and browsing by bison, appear to explain the strongly contrasting patterns of recent riparian cottonwood recruitment currently underway in the northern Yellowstone – one reach represented by a recovering riparian ecosystem and the other an alternative stable state with highly altered riparian vegetation and channel conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐(Perfluoroalkyl)indoles through a Michael Addition/CuI‐Catalyzed Annulation Process
Authors: Cao Long , Shen Dandane , Wei Jiamei , Chen Jie , Deng Hongmei , Shao Min , Shi Jumei , Zhang Hui , Cao Weiguo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA practical and economical process for the synthesis of perfluoroalkylated indole compounds has been developed. The Michael addition of 2‐iodo‐ or 2‐bromoanilines to methyl perfluoroalk‐2‐ynoates affords N‐(o‐haloaryl)enamines, which subsequently undergo a copper‐catalyzed annulation reaction to give 2‐perfluoroalkyl‐substituted indoles in good to excellent yields. This method displays excellent functional group tolerance and is carried out in one pot under mild conditions.
Investigation of the Decomposition Mechanism of Lithium Bis(oxalate)borate (LiBOB) Salt in the Electrolyte of an Aprotic Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Lau Kah Chun , Lu Jun , Low John , Peng Du , Wu Huiming , Albishri Hassan M. , Al‐Hady D. Abd , Curtiss Larry A. , Amine Khalil 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe stability of the lithium bis(oxalate) borate (LiBOB) salt against lithium peroxide (Li2O2) formation in an aprotic Li–O2 (Li–air) battery is investigated. From theoretical and experimental findings, we find that the chemical decomposition of LiBOB in electrolytes leads to the formation lithium oxalate during the discharge of a Li–O2 cell. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation of lithium oxalate as the reaction product is exothermic and therefore is thermodynamically feasible. This reaction seems to be independent of solvents used in the Li–O2 cell, and therefore LiBOB is probably not suitable to be used as the salt in Li–O2 cell electrolytes.
Mosaic surface storages of a small boreal catchment
Authors: Carrer Gwenael E. , Rousseau Alain N. , St‐Hilaire André , Jutras Sylvain 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the hydrologic connectivity of northern headwater catchments is likely controlled by antecedent moisture conditions and land cover patterns. A water storage model (EWS), based on water levels (WLs), specific yield (Sy) and surface elevation (SE) changes, was compared with a basic water budget of a small, boreal, patterned fen (13 ha) during the ice‐free period. Results showed that the EWS model reproduced well storage variations derived from the water budget. These results suggest that storage variations can be properly represented by the fluctuations of WLs when we consider the heterogeneous soil properties. However, storage deviations occurred at the daily scale and could be explained by a lack of information on water retention in unsaturated layers, canopy interceptions and preferential flows. Despite the significant impact of SE changes on the different peatland cover storage budgets (strings and lawns), using Sy mean values had a low impact on storage estimations. This can be explained by the large proportion of pools and high WLs throughout the fen. At the fen scale, high storage in the pools seemed to reduce the Sy difference between strings and lawns. The results of this study provide new insights about the complex hydrological behaviour of northern catchments and allow for conceiving new hydrological modelling perspectives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic appearance of an intramuscular myxoma of the pectoralis major muscle
Authors: Kim Suk Jung 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIntramuscular myxomas are benign soft tissue tumors that usually involve skeletal muscle of the extremities; occurrence in the chest wall is extremely rare. We describe a case of intramuscular myxoma in the pectoralis major muscle of a 55‐year‐old woman. The patient presented with a palpable lump in her right breast. Mammography showed a circumscribed, oval, hyperdense mass within the pectoralis muscle. Ultrasonography showed a circumscribed, oval, complex mass within the pectoralis muscle. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:505–508, 2014