bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Trends in the Management of a Complex Polyp: Endoscopy versus Surgery
Authors: Khan Mahnoor , Visrodia Kavel , Sethi Amrita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany colorectal cancers arise from either adenomatous polyps or sessile serrated lesions. However, due to the implementation of screening guidelines at the age of 45 years and the ability to perform therapeutic endoscopic polyp resections, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer has been decreasing in the United States. Polyps can be distinguished not only by pathology, but characterized by their complexity depending on the size, location, and morphology. Historically, polyps that were endoscopically more challenging to resect were referred for surgical resection. However, due to rapid advancement in endoscopic techniques and availability of tools, many of these complex polyps can be safely and effectively resected endoscopically. In this section, we review the different methods and potential challenges associated with endoscopic resection techniques including endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, or endoscopic full-thickness resection of a complex polyp.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) application towards environmental sustainability
Authors: Abdul Rahim N S , Syed Zakaria S A , Ishak N , Ibrahim F A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The interest in Building Information Modeling (BIM) is increasing among researchers and construction industry players around the world including Malaysia. BIM is known as a technology that has the ability to perform three-dimensional (3D) visualization to eliminate clashes in design, which indirectly reduce rework and construction wastage. Since the Government of Malaysia is currently encouraging BIM, focusing on educating the construction players with reliable information about BIM is perceived as important. Therefore, this study aims to explore the awareness of contractors particularly on the BIM application towards environmental sustainability. A total of 133 responses were received from the data collection process and these data were analyzed to determine the role of BIM in contributing towards environmental sustainability from the contractors’ perspective. The finding reveals that the awareness of respondents is influenced by their knowledge on BIM. Most of the contractors are aware of BIM application towards environmental sustainability, except for reducing rework. In this context, providing or educating construction players on the BIM application towards sustainability aspects is perceived necessary to create awareness and provide a better understanding in anticipation of improved use of BIM in the construction industry.
The effectiveness of BIM features application strategies for building refurbishment project performance improvement
Authors: Shohime Nor Suraya , Ishak Nurfadzillah , Romeli Norsyakilah , Anuar Nur Hidayah Khairul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This research presents a study that explores the effectiveness of different strategies for implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) features in enhancing the performance of building refurbishment projects. The study adopts a combined quantitative and qualitative approach to measure the significance of BIM features in relation to building refurbishment project performance improvement. It aims to uncover the correlation between BIM feature application strategies and building refurbishment project performance and provides recommendations on utilizing BIM features to improve project outcomes. The study encompasses a comprehensive review of existing literature on BIM and building refurbishment projects, followed by a mixed-methods approach. This approach involves quantitative analysis of data from refurbishment projects that have implemented BIM, as well as qualitative analysis of expert interviews with industry professionals. The findings of the expert interviews shed light on the factors influencing the effectiveness of BIM in building refurbishment projects, such as the level of BIM adoption, the availability of skilled personnel, and the integration of BIM into project workflows. The research contributes valuable insights to enhance the understanding of BIM utilization in building refurbishment projects, offering guidance to practitioners and decision-makers in leveraging BIM technologies for such endeavourrs.
Mining waste as an alternative aggregate in brick production for carbon capture and storage
Authors: Khamis Muhammad Amir Aizat , Kusin Faradiella Mohd , Iskandar Ikhwannudin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Production of waste rocks and overburden from ore mining in open-pit mines can cause undesirable environmental impacts. Thus, this study aims to tackle the issue of waste production from mining areas by utilizing mining waste to sequester CO2 and to evaluate its potential for carbon capture in cementitious material. This study attempts to evaluate the effect of mine waste ratio and carbonation curing time on physico-mechanical behavior of bricks. The bricks were fabricated using different ratios of mine waste, i.e. 20 – 40 % in the mix design. Carbonation curing between 1 – 3 hours was applied during the brick fabrication to estimate CO2 capture of the brick product. The brick performances were evaluated based on the compressive strength, water absorption and carbon capture capacity. It was found that curing time at 28 days provided the greatest compressive strength of the brick and greater performance was observed at 40 % replacement with the mine waste. Carbonation curing improved the brick performance with higher compressive strength and lower water absorption at longer exposure time of 3-hour carbonation. The resulting CO2 uptake was found to increase with the increase of carbonation time and at higher ratio of mine waste replacement. The CO2 capture capacity was between 0.45 – 0.58 % for bricks containing 20 – 40 % of mine waste, which corresponds to 9.4 – 16.3 g CO2/brick. Therefore, it has been shown that the use of mining waste as partial replacement for cementitious material was capable in improving the brick performance with incorporation of carbonation curing process.
The potential of different bio-decomposer for composting of food waste and rice husk
Authors: Zakarya Irnis Azura , Izhar Tengku Nuraiti Tengku , Raju S , Mohamad M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The research was conducted to compare the effectiveness of bio-decomposers using food waste, rice husk and black organic soil at the ratio of 2:1:1. In landfill the food waste is commonly segregate for composting. Longer decomposition times and inefficient composting approaches leads to poorer compost quality. The primary objective was to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-decomposers in various compost treatments. Data analysis shows, all the bins are within the USDA's recommended range for composting. But then, bin C were most effective that possesses the following values: pH of 7.1, temperature at thermophilic stage was 46.3 °C, temperature at maturation stage was 38.0 °C, moisture content of 39.25 %, C/N ratio of 31.16 %, 2.09 % of nitrogen (N), 2.60 mg/l of phosphorus (P), and 3.68 mg/l of potassium (K). Subsequently, the second aim to measure on the growth rate of the Amaranth seed in different bins after composting. As per analysis, the Amaranth plant height was increases B at 6.95 cm, C at 7.32 cm. The number of leaves counted over a period of 30 days reveals that three bins, A, B, and C, each had 7 leaves, while bin BL at 6 numbers of leaves. In summary, bin C optimal parameters ranges shows the most effective bio-decomposer.
Comparative study between active and passive soil nailing using PLAXIS software
Authors: Razak Muhammad Auf Abd. , Nujid Masyitah Md 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Many researchers have proposed several solutions to minimise the landslide problem. One proposed solution is stabilising the slope by installing nail reinforcement through simulation analysis in PLAXIS software. The study aims to analyse the stability of nailed slopes in two different types of parameters by using numerical study. The result of the parametric study was performed at various effects of moisture content and slope angle. Mohr-Coulomb and Hardening Soil models were adopted to analyse the behaviour of soil failure subjected to loadings condition of moisture content and slope angle effects. The finding results regarding the slope stability (FOS) study show that values of the FOS decreased as the slope angle and moisture content increased. This can be seen during the Mohr-coulomb model for passive soil nail system, that the FOS of moisture content at 7.1 % is 1.107, while the FOS of moisture content at 25 % is 1.063. The finding also shows that the active soil nail system is better than the passive soil nail system. This can be seen when the highest value of FOS in the Mohr-Coulomb model for active soil nail is 1.336 at 7.1 % moisture content, while passive soil nail has a FOS value of 1.107 at 7.1 % moisture content. The significance of the study has also impacted preserving the original geometry structure of nature, while people can enjoy the scenery. It also can be beneficial in terms of the cost-effectiveness of soil for nailed structures to prevent unnecessary problems in the future.
Experimental study of copper contamination in mechanical properties of residual soil under different concentration
Authors: Anyap Allentykoster Anak , Osman Muhammad Hafeez , Ismail Badrul Nizam , Albar Aniza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Industrialization in modern society comes along with soil degradation and heavy metal pollution. The presence of heavy metals changes the geotechnical properties of soils, risking the sites with the possibility of contaminated soil. Heavy metal contaminants might alter the mechanical properties and soil behaviour leading to the effects on the structural integrity. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the mechanical properties of residual soil samples contaminated with different concentrations of copper. Disturbed residual soils were induced with copper in controlled environment. Six samples were prepared, including a control sample consisting of a CuSO4 solution with a spectrum of concentrations ranging from 0 mg/L to 4000 mg/L, with interval 500 mg/L. The results of the experiment revealed that increasing the concentration led to an increase in the maximum dry density, while the optimum moisture content showed an opposite response. The increase in copper concentration resulted in a dynamic shift in the plastic limit, a decrease in the liquid limit and pH, making the soil naturally acidic. The output shows aid in the development of appropriate soil management strategies and remediation techniques to mitigate the adverse effects of copper contamination on soil quality and environmental sustainability.
Full extraction of asbuton bitumen for binder replacement in warm mix asphalt
Authors: Maha M R A , Idham M K , Hainin M R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Asbuton can be utilized as an optional binder in asphalt mixture by semi-extraction or full extraction. Full extraction of asbuton by using solvent can maximize the content of bitumen while discarding the mineral. However, different solvent content influenced the asbuton bitumen properties. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of different percentages of toluene solvent on the full extraction. Four different percentages of solvent content 1 to 4 % of toluene were used in this study. The asbuton bitumen was then tested for penetration, softening point, flash point, specific gravity, and thin film oven test. The asbuton bitumen was then used to design warm mix asphalt (WMA). Based on the Marshall mix design, the optimum bitumen content (OBC) is 6.25 %. The WMA with full extraction asbuton bitumen fulfilled the Marshall requirement by stability of 1374 kg, and 96.97% retained stability. It also produced 3.57 mm flow with 3.46 % void in mix, 15.08 % void mineral aggregatte, and 76.41 of void filled bitumen. As a result, it is discovered that full extraction asbuton can serving as the WMA binder replacement.
Pavement maintenance and surface treatment: Evaluation and prevention towards road safety aspect along Ampang Jaya road
Authors: Albar A , Rashid I D Abdul , Haron S , Azinal Abidin A A A , Ramli R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The severity of road damage, such as surface cracking or potholes putting drivers of moving vehicles at greater risk of collisions. This study aims to determine and propose the maintenance procedure and surface treatment activity carried out along Jalan Taman Putra, Jalan Bunga Raya and Jalan Perdana Utama in Ampang Jaya, Selangor. From a visual inspection, Jalan Bunga Raya and Jalan Perdana Utama was rated as B and required immediate repairs, while Rating C required to be fixed for user comfort on Jalan Taman Putra. Patch defects account for 45 % and 46 % of all defects on Jalan Taman Putra and Jalan Bunga Raya routes, respectively. Meanwhile, most defects on Jalan Perdana Utama were delamination, accounting for 38 % of all defects. The statistics on the number of road accidents show that pavement restoration work is effective when it results in a decrease in accidents between 2015 and 2021 by 42 % in Jalan Taman Putra, 33 % in Jalan Bunga Raya, and 12 % in Jalan Perdana Utama. Rehabilitating the roads had a favourable impact on Ampang Jaya, Selangor's low traffic accidents rate and raised levels of road safety. To improve road safety features, efficient supervision and maintenance efficiency are required.
Properties of concrete containing spent garnet as fine aggregate replacement
Authors: Ruslan H N , Muthusamy K , Muzafar Shah M H , Mat Yahaya F , Zulkarnain F 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The use of river sand as a construction material has become a critical concern in many countries. Excessive mining for concrete production is one of the main issues that lead to environmental pollution. Simultaneously, environmental concern over discarding spent garnet from industry have led to research on using it as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Different mixtures incorporating 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % spent garnet were studied to assess their impact on concrete’s workability, mechanical strength, and durability. This study used a concrete mix design to create concrete mixes for 48 cubes. Three types of tests such as slump, compressive strength, and water absorption test were conducted to evaluate the concrete’s properties. The findings indicate that as the amount of spent garnet used in concrete increases, the concrete becomes more workable. The optimum strength results were achieved when 20 % of the fine aggregate was replaced with spent garnet. Furthermore, concrete with up to 20 % spent garnet had lower water absorption compared to the control mix. Utilizing spent garnet as a substitute for sand in construction not only fosters sustainability but also addresses the challenge of effective waste disposal.
Establishing rainfall intensity-duration-frequency curves for Baghdad, Iraq using satellite data
Authors: Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Zeri Sarah Jabbar , Shahid Shamsuddin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves were generated for Baghdad by utilising three satellite precipitation datasets: Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Near Real-Time (GSMaP NRT), gauge-corrected (GSMaP GC) and Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG). Maximum annual rainfall data was fitted using several probability distribution methods. The calculated coefficients from the best-fit distribution were used as fitting parameters to generate IDF curves for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years using the Sherman equation. To address discrepancies between the satellite-derived IDF curves and observed data, bias correction was performed based on the differences. The analysis revealed that the Generalized Extreme Value Distribution model accurately described the hourly rainfall distribution. GSMaP GC exhibited the highest correlation with the observed data, making it the preferred option for generating IDF curves. The study highlighted the importance of gauge correction for satellite rainfall data to minimise the underestimation or overestimation of rainfall. GSMaP GC demonstrated reasonable accuracy in estimating rainfall in Iraq’s mainly arid climate area. By assisting in the creation of efficient methods for dealing with rainstorm events, the created IDF curves are a major step towards advancing sustainable urban stormwater management in the country.
Experimental study on the hydraulic performance of nonwoven geotextile efficiency of sustainable drainage system
Authors: Seman N A S , Mohamad Faudzi N A , Mohd Zaini Makhtar S , Ab Wahab M , Kamarudzaman A N , Hassan Z , Abdul Rashid N A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Globally, the frequency of record-breaking rainfall events has greatly risen. As a result, surface water urban flooding is becoming a bigger concern. SUDS are increasingly being used in many metropolitan areas to reduce peak surface runoff and pollutants by utilizing various designed open water structures, such as infiltration basins. Urbanization and climate change have resulted in an increase in catchment runoff, often exceeding the designed capacity of sewer systems. The purpose of this research is to study the performance of nonwoven geotextile in subsurface drainage beds to improve the efficiency of infiltration rate compared to existing drainage system. This research proposes to create a subsurface drainage bed consisting of gravel, sand, and nonwoven geotextile to act as an alternative compared to existing drainage system. This module will be run by conducting an experiment to study the characteristics of subsurface drainage bed, effects of rainfall intensity and the relationship of infiltration rate on various rainfall intensity will be studied. In conclusion, in this study, nonwoven geotextile with a thickness of 5 mm (Condition B) significantly improved infiltration rates, reducing surface runoff by up to 30 % compared to Condition A and Condition across varying rainfall intensities.
Effect of rotating gliding discharges on the lean blow-off limit of biogas flames
Authors: AKHTAR Muhammad Saqib , ALICHERIF Mhedine , WANG 王 Bing 兵 , LACOSTE Deanna A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the effect of a rotating gliding discharge on synthetic biogas combustion at atmospheric pressure. Synthetic biogas was produced by mixing methane and carbon dioxide. Three mixtures were considered: 100%/0%, 70%/30%, and 50%/50% of methane and carbon dioxide, respectively. The plasma effect was investigated in a low-swirl-number burner equipped with a high-voltage electrode to produce gliding discharges. The effect of plasma on the stability limits of the flame is reported for several electrical powers. During plasma-assisted combustion, the lean blow-off limits of biogas-air flames were significantly improved, which agrees with what can be found in the literature for other fuels. The electrical parameters of the discharge and the plasma emissions were measured using electric probes and emission spectroscopy, respectively. The mixture with the CO2 dilution was associated with a higher reduced electric field and higher ion production. A better understanding of the excited-species concentration evolution during plasma is necessary and will be investigated in future work.
The Changing Electoral Map of England and Wales
Authors: Furlong Jamie , Jennings Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This book offers a definitive account of the changing electoral geography of England and Wales over the past half century. Changes in social and economic structure have altered the spatial distribution of voters and combined with changes in the parties’ appeal to those voters (and the behaviour of voters) has led to a gradual, though recently accelerating, realignment in the geographical basis of electoral competition. Constituency-level analysis of voting at general elections between 1979 and 2019 shows a swing from Labour to the Conservatives in demographically left behind areas with largely white, working-class populations and lower levels of educational attainment, while Labour's support has remained stable in places characterized by economic deprivation (economically left behind areas) and insecure employment (precariously left behind areas). Areas with improving socio-economic characteristics—typically cities where Labour have inefficiently stacked up votes—have swung towards Labour, whereas those that have experienced population and economic decline have swung towards the Conservatives. Yet not all areas follow these trends. Spatial analysis reveals clusters of seats where each party has more support than expected based on sociodemographic composition—places where, in short, place matters. In Merseyside, Labour’s vote is much higher than predicted by demographics, while this is likewise the case for the Conservatives in Lincolnshire. Qualitative case studies identify the place-based, contextual factors that help explain the unusual political characteristics in these places. The book argues for the need to recognize the importance of people, places, and parties in shaping the geography of electoral outcomes.
How changing demography drives electoral change
Authors: Furlong Jamie , Jennings Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out the mechanisms that have changed Britain’s electoral geography in recent decades. We argue that the combination of changes in the geographical distribution of voters and changes in the parties’ appeal to those voters (impacting individual voting behaviour) has transformed the electoral map. We detail long-term trends in social and economic structure that have significantly altered the composition of electorates in different places: deindustrialization, higher education expansion, agglomeration, rising immigration, and ageing. The chapter draws an important distinction between areas that are ‘left behind’ according to their demographic makeup, economic deprivation, or precarious employment. We proceed to show how the sociodemographic and economic profile of constituencies in England and Wales has changed between 1979 and 2019, how the policy positions of parties have changed over the same period, and changes in the groups of voters the parties have tended to attract.
Relative decline (and growth) and the changing electoral geography of England and Wales
Authors: Furlong Jamie , Jennings Will 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the relationship between changes in the sociodemographic characteristics of constituencies and changes in party support between 1979 and 2019. It asks how electoral support has changed for Labour and the Conservatives in places that have experienced relative improvements or decline in their socio-economic fabric. In areas that have been ‘improving’, we find a swing from the Conservatives to Labour. For Labour, the problem is that these constituencies are predominantly in major cities that have become increasingly attractive for younger graduates and professionals—areas in which they are already dominant. In contrast, using similar categories of ‘left behind’ places as the previous chapter, we show that areas that have become increasingly demographically left behind (relatively older, more working class, and less educated) have swung towards the Conservatives. Most notably, this is the case in post-industrial towns that have experienced the most prolonged socio-economic decline.