bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wu Q. , Yang Z.‐P. , Xu P. , Gao L.‐C. , Fan D.‐M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAimThe existing evidence on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review with a meta‐analysis to explore this relationship and to determine whether the relationship varies according to the study characteristics.MethodWe searched the PubMed database and the reference lists of pertinent articles published up to July 2012. Summary odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using a random‐effects model.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies including 3792 cases of colorectal adenoma (CRA) and 3488 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) were identified. Overall, H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of CRA (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.39–1.97, I2 = 54.3%) and CRC (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.18–1.64, I2 = 35.8%), although there was significant heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis revealed that the positive correlation did not differ by sex, geographic variation or subsite of neoplasia, but might vary by the method of detection of H. pylori. The study was underpowered to determine the risk of colorectal neoplasia associated with cytotoxin‐associated gene A‐positive H. pylori.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis demonstrates a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal neoplasia.
Alcohol use in pregnancy: Prevalence and predictors in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Hutchinson Delyse , Moore Elizabeth A. , Breen Courtney , Burns Lucy , Mattick Richard P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence and describe the patterns of alcohol use during pregnancy among Australian mothers. The study also aimed to examine the characteristics associated with alcohol use in pregnancy.Design and MethodsData comprised two representative samples of families (infant cohort = 5107 parents of 0‐ to 1‐year‐olds; child cohort = 4983 parents of 4‐ to 5‐year‐olds) from the 2005 Longitudinal Study of Australian Children.ResultsAlcohol use in pregnancy was reported by 37.6% of mothers of infants aged 0–1 years and 27.6% of mothers of children aged 4–5 years. The majority of women reported low level/occasional use of alcohol but, when extrapolated to population level, this equates to 131 250 children in these two age groups exposed to alcohol in utero, with over 1000 children exposed to alcohol most days and an estimated 671 infants exposed to three or more drinks per occasion. Among mothers of infants, alcohol use in pregnancy was associated with increasing maternal age, higher education, greater economic advantage and fewer physical health problems in pregnancy. Among mothers of children, maternal drinking in pregnancy was associated with increasing maternal age and smoking in pregnancy.Discussion and ConclusionsAlcohol use during pregnancy is common with around one‐third of all mothers reporting use. Most women reported only occasional use, and among those who were asked, consumed one standard drink on average per occasion. Significant numbers were exposed to three or more drinks on one occasion or to alcohol most days while in utero. National guidelines recommend abstinence as no ‘safe’ threshold has been determined. Public health campaigns are needed to educate pregnant women regarding national guidelines. [Hutchinson D, Moore EA, Breen C, Burns L, Mattick RP. Alcohol use in pregnancy: Prevalence and predictors in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:475–482]
Sharing stories: Indigenous alcohol and other drug workers' well‐being, stress and burnout
Authors: Roche Ann M. , Duraisingam Vinita , Trifonoff Allan , Battams Samantha , Freeman Toby , Tovell Amanda , Weetra Donna , Bates Nancy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIndigenous alcohol and other drug (AOD) workers' roles are often exhausting, poorly paid and under‐recognised. There has been relatively little examination of work‐related stressors on their health and well‐being. This national study identified Indigenous AOD workers' experiences and perspectives on well‐being, stress and burnout along with strategies to improve worker well‐being.Methods.Focus groups were conducted with 121 participants (70 Indigenous, 20 non‐Indigenous, 31 unspecified) from metropolitan, rural and remote locations around Australia, selected via a purposive sampling strategy. Audio files and interview notes were analysed to identify key themes.ResultsMain themes identified included excessive workloads, extensive demands and expectations, workers' proximity to communities, loss and grief issues, lack of recognition, inadequate rewards, stigma and racism, and Indigenous ways of working. Stressors were compounded by workers' complex personal circumstances, profound levels of loss and grief, and lack of culturally safe working environments.Discussion and ConclusionIndigenous workers' stress was exacerbated by close links and responsibilities to their communities and a ‘dual accountability’, being constantly on call, playing multiple roles, complex personal and professional lives, and needing to interact with multiple agencies. Many Indigenous AOD workers had developed mechanisms to deal with work‐related pressures and received valued support from their communities. The study identified the importance of workforce strategies to improve Indigenous workers' well‐being and reduce stress, including: mutual support networks, training in assertiveness and boundary setting, workloads that take account of Indigenous ways of working, adequate remuneration, supervision and mentorship, and cultural sensitivity training for non‐Indigenous workers. [Roche AM, Duraisingam V, Trifonoff A, Battams S, Freeman T, Tovell A, Weetra D, Bates N. Sharing stories: Indigenous alcohol and other drug workers' well‐being, stress and burnout. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:527–535]
The Arab Spring and its Surprises
Authors: Bayat Asef 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe occurrence, speed and spread of the ‘Arab revolutions’ took almost everyone by surprise, including the protagonists. But the real surprise lies, this essay suggests, not in how or why these revolutions came to fruition; it rather lies in revolutions’ particular attributes — their ideological orientations and political trajectories. The essay discusses the revolutions’ key (unexpected) characteristics, arguing that the Arab uprisings occurred in new ideological times.
From ‘Popcorn’ to ‘Occupy’: Protest in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Mottiar Shauna 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTDurban has a long tradition of activism and the creation of participatory spaces. The Umlazi Occupy is one example. In 2012 some 3,000 residents of Umlazi township ‘occupied’ the area outside the municipal councillor's office for the period of a month. The reasons behind the Occupy protest included demands for better services and higher levels of political accountability. This contribution examines the Umlazi Occupy with a focus on the nature of post‐2010 activism and its key actors.
Sleep disorders in children with traumatic brain injury: a case of serious neglect
Authors: Stores Gregory , Stores Rachel 
Published: May 2013

AimThe aim of this study was to review the basic aspects of sleep disturbance in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodA search was performed on reports of sleep disturbances in children who had suffered TBI. Adults with TBI were also considered to anticipate the nature and significance of such disturbances in younger patients. Types of reported sleep disturbance were noted and their possible aetiology and management considered.ResultsSleep disturbance has consistently been associated with TBI but the literature suggests that this aspect of patient care is often inadequately considered and there has been little research on the subject, especially in relation to children. Excessive daytime sleepiness is often mentioned, less so insomnia and parasomnias, but there is little information about the specific sleep disorders underlying these problems.InterpretationSleep disorders with potentially important developmental consequences have been neglected in the care of children with TBI. Screening for sleep problems should be routine and followed, if indicated, by a detailed diagnosis of the child's underlying specific sleep disorder, the possible aetiology of which includes neuropathology and potential medical, psychological, or psychiatric comorbidities. Appropriate assessments and modern treatment options are now well defined although generally underutilized. Further well‐designed research is needed for which guidelines are available.
Beyond climate change attribution in conservation and ecological research
Authors: Parmesan Camille , Burrows Michael T. , Duarte Carlos M. , Poloczanska Elvira S. , Richardson Anthony J. , Schoeman David S. , Singer Michael C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThere is increasing pressure from policymakers for ecologists to generate more detailed ‘attribution’ analyses aimed at quantitatively estimating relative contributions of different driving forces, including anthropogenic climate change (ACC), to observed biological changes. Here, we argue that this approach is not productive for ecological studies. Global meta‐analyses of diverse species, regions and ecosystems have already given us ‘very high confidence’ [sensu Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)] that ACC has impacted wild species in a general sense. Further, for well‐studied species or systems, synthesis of experiments and models with long‐term observations has given us similarly high confidence that they have been impacted by regional climate change (regardless of its cause). However, the role of greenhouse gases in driving these impacts has not been estimated quantitatively. Should this be an ecological research priority? We argue that development of quantitative ecological models for this purpose faces several impediments, particularly the existence of strong, non‐additive interactions among different external factors. However, even with current understanding of impacts of global warming, there are myriad climate change adaptation options already developed in the literature that could be, and in fact are being, implemented now.
Predicting multiple sclerosis following isolated optic neuritis in children
Authors: Heussinger N. , Kontopantelis E. , Rompel O. , Paulides M. , Trollmann R. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeIsolated optic neuritis (ON) is frequently the initial symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of conversion to MS in children following isolated ON and to evaluate the performance of current diagnostic methods such as cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI), visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and oligoclonal bands in spinal fluid (OCB) as predictive factors for MS development.MethodsMedical records of 159 patients presenting with acute ON between 2000 and 2010 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Erlangen, were screened; 34 patients with isolated ON were identified. Progression to MS was defined according to the revised McDonald criteria 2005. Age, sex, VEPs, ON type, cMRI, OCB and visual recovery were assessed as predictors of progression to MS using simple logistic regressions. A multiple logistic regression model included variables found to be significant in univariate analyses.ResultsAbnormal cMRI was associated with an increase in the odds of MS development (odds ratio 20.57; 95% CI 2.16–196.10, P < 0.001), as was positive OCB (odds ratio 12.0; 95% CI 1.29–111.32, P = 0.001). However, only cMRI remained statistically significant in multiple regressions.ConclusionsMultiple sclerosis‐like cMRI lesions and OCB are suitable for assessing the risk of progression to MS following isolated ON, as children with both cMRI abnormalities and positive OCB at onset of ON are at high risk of developing MS.
ANO5‐muscular dystrophy: clinical, pathological and molecular findings
Authors: Liewluck T. , Winder T. L. , Dimberg E. L. , Crum B. A. , Heppelmann C. J. , Wang Y. , Bergen H. R. , Milone M. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeAnoctamin 5 (ANO5) is a putative intracellular calcium‐activated chloride channel. Recessive mutations in ANO5 cause primary skeletal muscle disorders (limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy 2L and distal muscular dystrophy), which are phenotypically similar to dysferlinopathy, a muscular dystrophy due to dysferlin‐encoding gene (DYSF) mutations.MethodsThis study reports the phenotype and genotype of seven unrelated patients with ANO5‐muscular dystrophy.ResultsThree patients had amyloid deposition in muscle and two had cardiac involvement. An additional patient without skeletal muscle amyloidosis had cardiac involvement with septal hypokinesis and supraventricular tachycardia requiring ablation. Amyloid subtyping using laser capture microdissection and mass spectrometry‐based proteomic analysis did not identify ANO5 or any fragment of ANO5 in the amyloid deposits, but detected other known amyloidogenic proteins. Three patients had myotonic discharges without clinical myotonia. Four ANO5 mutations are novel, including a heterozygous 0.4 Mb deletion involving the entire ANO5 gene.ConclusionsThe results of the present study suggest that ANO5 mutations can be associated with amyloid deposition in muscle, but the nature of the amyloid deposits remains indeterminate, as does their relationship with cardiac involvement. ANO5 analysis should be considered in cases of muscle amyloid deposition of indeterminate etiology. Electrical myotonia can accompany ANO5‐muscular dystrophy.
A novel pedigree with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE): Clinical characterization, refinement of the FCMTE2 locus, and confirmation of a founder haplotype
Authors: Licchetta Laura , Pippucci Tommaso , Bisulli Francesca , Cantalupo Gaetano , Magini Pamela , Alvisi Lara , Baldassari Sara , Martinelli Paolo , Naldi Ilaria , Vanni Nicola , Liguori Rocco , Seri Marco , Tinuper Paolo 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeWe describe the clinical, neurophysiologic, and genetic features of a new, large family with familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE).MethodsReliable clinical information was obtained on the 127 members. Thirty‐one collaborative individuals were assessed by a detailed clinical interview and a complete neurologic examination. A polygraphic study was conducted in 15 patients, back‐averaging analysis and somatosensory evoked potentials with C‐reflex study in four. The genetic study investigated 30 subjects with microsatellite markers at three loci on chromosomes 8q (FCMTE1), 2p (FCMTE2), and 5p (FCMTE3).Key FindingsThe pedigree included 25 affected members (M/F: 9/16). We studied 16 of the 19 living affected members (M/F: 5/11; mean age 47.8 years). Cortical myoclonic tremor (CMT) was associated with generalized seizures in 10 patients (62.5%). The mean age at onset of CMT and seizures was 28.1 and 33.8 years, respectively. Four patients (25%) reported a slow progression of CMT, with severe gait impairment in one. Psychiatric disorders of variable severity recurred in 37.5% of cases. Rhythmic bursts at 7–15 Hz were recorded in all 11 affected members tested. Additional neurophysiologic investigations disclosed a cortical origin of myoclonus in all patients tested. Generalized epileptiform discharges were recorded in 25% of cases, and a photoparoxysmal response in 31%. Genetic analysis established linkage to the FCMTE2 locus on chromosome 2p11.1‐2q12.2 (OMIM 607876) and narrowed the critical interval to a 10.4 Mb segment. Haplotype analysis in the present family identified a founder haplotype identical to that previously observed in families from the same geographic area.SignificanceThis study confirms evidence of a founder effect in Italian families and reduces the number of positional candidate genes in the FCMTE2 locus to 59, thereby contributing to future gene identification by Next Generation Sequencing approaches.
Comprehensive evaluation of the psychosocial parameters of epilepsy: A representative population‐based study in Prey Veng (Cambodia)
Authors: Bhalla Devender , Chea Kimly , Chamroeun Hun , Vichea Chan , Huc Pierre , Samleng Chan , Sebbag Robert , Gérard Daniel , Dumas Michel , Oum Sophal , Druet‐Cabanac Michel , Preux Pierre‐Marie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeWe conducted a population‐based study of epilepsy in Prey Veng (Cambodia) to explore self‐esteem, fear, discrimination, knowledge–attitude–practice (KAP), social‐support, stigma, coping strategies, seizure‐provoking factors, and patient‐derived factors associated with quality of life (QOL).MethodsThe results are based on a cohort of 96 cases and matched controls (n = 192), randomly selected from the same source population. Various questionnaires were developed and validated for internal consistency (by split‐half, Spearman‐Brown prophecy, Kuder‐Richardson 20), content clarity and soundness. Summary, descriptive statistics, classical tests of hypothesis were conducted. Uncorrected chi‐square was used. Group comparison was done to determine statistically significant factors, for each domain, by conducting logistic regression; 95% confidence interval (CI) with 5% (two‐sided) statistical significance was used.Key FindingsAll questionnaires had high internal consistency. Stress was relevant in 14.0% cases, concealment in 6.2%, denial in 8.3%, negative feelings in public in 3.0%. Mean self‐esteem was 7.5, range 0–8, related to seizure frequency. Mean discrimination was least during social interactions. Coping strategies were positive (e.g. look for treatment). Postictal headache, anger, no nearby health facility, etc. were associated with QOL.SignificanceThe reliability of our questionnaires was high. A positive social environment was noted with many infrequent social and personal prejudices. Not all populations should (by default) be considered as stigmatized or equipped with poor KAP. We addressed themes that have been incompletely evaluated, and our approach could therefore become a model for other projects.
A comprehensive behavioral evaluation in the lithium–pilocarpine model in rats: Effects of carisbamate administration during status epilepticus
Authors: Faure Jean‐Baptiste , Akimana Gladys , Carneiro José E. M. , Cosquer Brigitte , Ferrandon Arielle , Geiger Karin , Koning Estelle , Penazzi Lorène , Cassel Jean‐Christophe , Nehlig Astrid 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPurposeAdministration of carisbamate during status epilepticus (SE) prevents the occurrence of motor seizures in the lithium–pilocarpine model and leads in a subpopulation of rats to spike‐and‐wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Widespread neuroprotection accompanied this change in seizure expression. To assess whether these carisbamate‐induced changes affected comorbidity, we used a large battery of behavioral tests in rats that had developed temporal lobe or absence‐like seizures.MethodsLithium–pilocarpine or saline was administered to 60 adult rats. Carisbamate (90 mg/kg) or diazepam and saline was given 1 h after SE onset, and repeated 8 h later and twice daily over 6 more days. Rats were video‐monitored for 2 months. Subsequently, locomotor activity, anxiety, and various types of memory were assessed.Key FindingsIn rats with motor seizures, treated or not with carisbamate, all features of behavior were impaired compared to controls. Rats exhibiting absence‐like seizures after carisbamate treatment behaved as controls in all paradigms tested along with widespread neuroprotection.SignificanceCarisbamate treatment leading to absence‐like instead of temporal lobe seizures impressively prevented behavioral comorbidities reported by patients with epilepsy as the most disabling.
Using existing landscape data to assess the ecological potential of Miscanthus cultivation in a marginal landscape
Authors: Harvolk Sarah , Kornatz Peter , Otte Annette , Simmering Dietmar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMarginal landscapes often feature high biodiversity that is threatened by either intensification or land abandonment. This is particularly the case in mountainous regions with diverse environmental conditions and a mosaic of land use. Frequently, the use of marginal or set‐aside farmland for biofuel crops is proposed to meet the increasing demand for biofuels, but avoid conflicts with food production. Potential ecological effects of enhanced bioenergy production in diverse landscapes are, however, still controversial, and a proper assessment requires the consideration of local and regional specifics. We used a yield prediction model to determine the potential yield of Miscanthus on individual fields in a small municipality. Widely available spatial data, conclusions drawn from literature, and local landscape planning data were used to assess the potential ecological effects of Miscanthus cultivation. The specific landscape planning data for the study area provided detailed information on conservation values and land‐use‐related functional deficits. All information was used to classify each field by suitability for Miscanthus production, considering biodiversity, soil erosion, and landscape structure. A subsequent field‐level and landscape‐level evaluation of the potential Miscanthus yields in the suitability classes revealed that overall yield would not be reduced if ecological restrictions were considered and only ‘suitable’ or ‘recommended’ fields were selected for Miscanthus cultivation. Instead of defining one threshold value for an ‘optimal’ amount of Miscanthus in a landscape, we developed different scenarios for increasing amounts of Miscanthus. Our scenario maps and recommendations can be used in regional planning processes as the basis for discussions with stakeholders. The methods applied in our case study combine economic and ecological approaches, are based on existing data and methods, and allow effective evaluation of the sustainable landscape potential of an energy crop at a scale relevant for biodiversity conservation and landscape planning.
Grocers' window displays: The eclipse of a British tradition
Authors: Kinney Dave , Lyon Phil 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBy reference to period retailing narratives, this paper examines the changed significance of shop window displays for British grocers with the transition from counter‐based to self‐service from the late 1940s to the 1960s. The ‘well‐dressed’ window showing a selection of goods and price offers became an early casualty of changed retail practices. Opportunities presented by self‐service for comprehensive stock displays and in‐store promotion proved a decisive challenge to the art of the grocer's window display. These displays had been ubiquitous; large and small shops alike tried to impress passers‐by with examples of their stock range. Self‐service shops had different internal space requirements and soon it was more important that potential customers could see the well‐stocked aisles and activity within.
Understanding consumers' online conversation practices in the context of convenience food
Authors: Närvänen Elina , Saarijärvi Hannu , Simanainen Olli 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe area of convenience food has become an insightful context for studying consumption because it is full of tensions and contradictions. This context has attracted an ample amount of research on buying motivations, consumer attitudes and preferences. However, the practices of consuming convenience food have remained a rather unexplored area of research. The purpose of this study is to identify and dissect consumers' online conversation practices related to convenience food. Consequently, the study uses a practice theoretical approach to analyse consumers' online conversations about the topic. Three different categories and nine different practices within them are identified. The practices are further dissected to reveal their tension‐increasing and tension‐relieving characteristics. Finally, the article draws conclusions regarding practice theory and convenience food consumption.