bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of variation in desiccation resistance in a set of recombinant inbred lines in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Gomez Federico H. , Sambucetti Pablo D. , Loeschcke Volker , Norry Fabian M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDesiccation, resulting from extremely dry environmental conditions, is a serious obstacle to the survival of organisms. Water is vital for the maintenance of intracellular structure and prevents the irreversible formation of aggregates, an occurrence leading to loss of cellular function. To characterize genetic variation in desiccation stress resistance (DSR) in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, an intercontinental set of recombinant inbred lines (RIL) is used. Flies are exposed to a low humidity environment (<10% relative humidity) at a constant temperature of 25 °C. Desiccation stress resistance is higher in RIL derived from a backcross to the parental stock sensitive to heat stress (from Denmark) than in RIL derived from the reciprocal backcross to the heat‐stress resistant stock (from Australia). Composite interval mapping reveals significant quantitative trail loci (QTL) for DSR in the set of RIL. Both major and minor effects QTL are detected, suggesting a complex genetic architecture. When compared with a previous investigation performed on the same set of RIL, the present study indicates that not all traits of resistance to environmental stressors are affected in the same direction by segregating co‐localized QTL.
Self‐reported skin colour and erythemal sensitivity vs. objectively measured constitutive skin colour in an African population with predominantly dark skin
Authors: Wright Caradee Y. , Wilkes Marcus , du Plessis Johan L. , Reeder Anthony I. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryBackgroundSkin colour is an important factor in skin‐related diseases. Accurate determination of skin colour is important for disease prevention and supporting healthy sun behaviour, yet such data are lacking for dark skin types.MethodsSelf‐perceived, natural skin colour and sun–skin reaction were compared with objectively measured skin colour among an African population with predominantly dark skin. Unexposed skin of 556 adults (70.1% Black) was measured with a reflectance spectrophotometer to calculate an individual typology angle (°ITA). Participants reported self‐perceived skin colour and erythemal sensitivity.ResultsThere was a strong, positive monotonic correlation between self‐reported and measured skin colour (Spearman ρ = 0.6438, P < 0.001), but only a weak correlation between self‐reported erythemal sensitivity and measured skin colour (Spearman ρ = 0.2713, P < 0.001). Self‐report biases in underestimation and overestimation of skin colour were evident. Many participants with ‘dark brown’ and ‘black’ skin had difficulty in classifying erythemal sensitivity.ConclusionsIn Africa, self‐reported skin colour could potentially be used in lieu of spectrophotometer measurements, but options for questions on sunburn and tanning require suitable adjustment. Our study provides evidence of range in °ITA values among residents in Africa and reinforces previous results that self‐report may be reliable for determining skin colour, but not erythemal sensitivity, for dark skin individuals.
Sanitation of olive plants infected by Verticillium dahliae using heat treatments
Authors: Morello P. , Díez C. M. , Codes M. , Rallo L. , Barranco D. , Trapero A. , Moral J. 
Published: July 2015

Verticillium wilt, caused by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, is currently the most important disease affecting olive in the Mediterranean basin. There are no effective treatments for controlling this disease. The use of infected nursery stocks has largely contributed to the spread of the pathogen, and therefore the development of treatments to preventively sanitize the propagation stock is critical in the nursery industry. This study describes novel techniques to achieve this aim. The effects of several temperature–exposure time combinations were evaluated: (i) the survival of pathogen on culture medium (PDA); (ii) the pathogen viability on infected shoots and plants; (iii) the vegetative growth of plants of several cultivars; and (iv) the rooting ability of cuttings. The colonies of the pathogen growing in PDA were killed after 8 h and 60 min of exposure at 40 and 47°C, respectively. Temperatures ≥42°C for at least 2 h were lethal for the pathogen infecting the shoots. Likewise, moist hot air treatments at 42–44°C for 6–12 h eradicated the pathogen, without compromising the viability of the plants. Five olive cultivars were also evaluated and classified according to their thermotolerance as follows: sensitive (Chiquitita), moderately sensitive (Koroneiki, Frantoio and Picual) and heat tolerant (Arbequina). However, the optimized sanitation methods were applicable to all of the cultivars. Finally, heat treatments were applied to unrooted cuttings, which severely affected their rooting ability. Thus, this study developed a hot air treatment to produce V. dahliae‐free olive nursery plants.
Antioxidant response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under different element regimes
Authors: Çakmak Zeynep E. , Ölmez Tolga T. , Çakmak Turgay , Menemen Yusuf , Tekinay Turgay 
Published: July 2015

SummaryNutrient stress is one of the most favorable ways of increasing neutral lipid and high value‐added output production by microalgae. However, little is known about the level of the oxidative damage caused by nutrient stress for obtaining an optimal stress level for maximum production of specific molecules. In this study, the antioxidant response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii grown under element deprivation (nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and magnesium) and supplementation (nitrogen and zinc) was investigated. All element regimes caused a decrease in growth, which was most pronounced under N deprivation. Element deprivation and Zn supplementation caused significant increases in H2O2 and lipid peroxidation levels of C. reinhardtii. Decrease in total chlorophyll level was followed by an increase of total carotenoid levels in C. reinhardtii under N and S deprivation while both increased under N supplementation. Confocal imaging of live cells revealed dramatic changes of cell shape and production of neutral lipid bodies accompanied by a decrease of chlorophyll clusters. Antioxidant capacity of cells decreased under N, S and P deprivation while it increased under N and Zn supplementation. Fluctuation of antioxidant enzyme activities in C. reinhardtii grown under different element regimes refers to different metabolic sources of reactive oxygen species production triggered by a specific element absence or overabundance.
Transformations: The World Religions Survey through an Adjunct Feminist Lens
Authors: Downie Alison 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay describes a transformation in my experience as an adjunct teaching underprepared students from one of shame toward a desire to assert the value of this work. Insights from my feminist theological training helped me to affirm the importance of encouraging transformative learning in teaching the academically marginalized and prompted my analysis of student writing in an introductory World Religions course, in order to determine whether or not the course was a site of transformative learning. I argue that despite many contextual limitations, the movement toward deepening self‐awareness and increasing openness to religious diversity seen in student writing demonstrates that transformative learning began in this course, and that is valuable for students' lives whether or not they are academically successful.
The Basic Courses for the Study of Religions at the University of Southern Denmark
Authors: Jensen Tim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay is part of a collection of short essays solicited from authors around the globe who teach religion courses at the college level (not for professional religious training). They are published together with an introduction in Teaching Theology and Religion 18:3 (July 2015). The authors were asked to provide a brief overview of the curriculum, student learning goals, and pedagogical techniques employed in their courses.
Teaching Religious Studies to Undergraduate Non‐Majors at Seoul National University, South Korea
Authors: Yoo Yohan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis essay is part of a collection of short essays solicited from authors around the globe who teach religion courses at the college level (not for professional religious training). They are published together with an introduction in Teaching Theology and Religion 18:3 (July 2015). The authors were asked to provide a brief overview of the curriculum, student learning goals, and pedagogical techniques employed in their courses.
Geometric Algebra Model for Geometry‐oriented Topological Relation Computation
Authors: Yu Zhaoyuan , Luo Wen , Yuan Linwang , Hu Yong , Zhu A‐xing , Lü Guonian 
Published: July 2015

AbstractClassical topological relation expressions and computations are primarily based on abstract algebra. In this article, the representation and computation of geometry‐oriented topological relations (GOTR) are developed. GOTR is the integration of geometry and topology. The geometries are represented by blades, which contain both algebraic expressions and construction structures of the geometries in the conformal geometric algebra space. With the meet, inner, and outer products, two topology operators, the MeetOp and BoundOp operators, are developed to reveal the disjoint/intersection and inside/on‐surface/outside relations, respectively. A theoretical framework is then formulated to compute the topological relations between any pair of elementary geometries using the two operators. A multidimensional, unified and geometry‐oriented algorithm is developed to compute topological relations between geometries. With this framework, the internal results of the topological relations computation are geometries. The topological relations can be illustrated with clear geometric meanings; at the same time, it can also be modified and updated parametrically. Case studies evaluating the topological relations between 3D objects are performed. The result suggests that our model can express and compute the topological relations between objects in a symbolic and geometry‐oriented way. The method can also support topological relation series computation between objects with location or shape changes.
Virological efficacy with first‐line antiretroviral treatment in India: predictors of viral failure and evidence of viral resuppression
Authors: Shet Anita , Neogi Ujjwal , Kumarasamy N. , DeCosta Ayesha , Shastri Suresh , Rewari Bharat Bhushan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveCombination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved in efficacy, durability and tolerability. Virological efficacy studies in India are limited. We determined incidence and predictors of virological failure among patients initiating first‐line ART and described virological resuppression after confirmed failure, with the goal of informing national policy.MethodsTherapy‐naïve patients initiated on first‐line ART as per national guidelines were monitored every 3 months for adherence and virological response over 2 years. Genotyping on baseline samples was performed to assess primary drug resistance. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to assess predictors of virological failure.ResultsVirological failure rate among 599 eligible patients was 10.7 failures per 100 person‐years. Cumulative failure incidence was 13.2% in the first year and 16.5% over 2 years. Patients initiated on tenofovir had a significantly lower rate of virological failure than those on stavudine or zidovudine (6.7 vs. 11.9 failures per 100 person‐years, P = 0.013). Virological failure was independently associated with age <40 years, mean adherence <95%, non‐tenofovir‐containing regimens and presence of primary drug resistance. In a subset of 311 patients who were reassessed after treatment failure, 19% (11/58) patients resuppressed their viral load to <400 copies/ml after confirmed virological failure.ConclusionsOur results support the inclusion of tenofovir as first‐line ART in resource‐limited settings and a role for regular adherence counselling and virological monitoring for enhanced treatment success. Detection of early virological failure should provide an opportunity to augment adherence counselling and repeat viral load testing before therapy switch is considered.
Nested Multistate Design for Maximizing Probabilistic Performance in Persistent Observation Campaigns
Authors: Agte Jeremy S. , Borer Nicholas K. 
Published: July 2015

The paper presents a nested multistate methodology for the design of mechanical systems (e.g., a fleet of vehicles) involved in extended campaigns of persistent surveillance. It uses multidisciplinary systems analysis and behavioral-Markov modeling to account for stochastic metrics such as reliability and availability across multiple levels of system performance. The effects of probabilistic failure states at the vehicle level are propagated to mission operations at the campaign level by nesting various layers of Markov and estimated-Markov models. A key attribute is that the designer can then quantify the impact of physical changes in the vehicle, even those physical changes not related to component failure rates, on the predicted chance of maintaining campaign operations above a particular success threshold. The methodology is demonstrated on the design of an unmanned aircraft for an ice surveillance mission requiring omnipresence over Antarctica. Probabilistic results are verified with Monte Carlo analysis and show that even aircraft design parameters not directly related to component failure rates have a significant impact on the number of aircraft lost and missions aborted over the course of the campaign.
Technical Note: Impact on detective quantum efficiency of edge angle determination method by International Electrotechnical Commission methodology for cardiac x‐ray image detectors
Authors: Gislason‐Lee Amber J. , Tunstall Clare M. , Kengyelics Stephen K. , Cowen Arnold R. , Davies Andrew G. 
Published: July 2015

Purpose:Cardiac x‐ray detectors are used to acquire moving images in real‐time for angiography and interventional procedures. Detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is not generally measured on these dynamic detectors; the required “for processing” image data and control of x‐ray settings have not been accessible. By 2016, USA hospital physicists will have the ability to measure DQE and will likely utilize the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for measuring DQE of dynamic x‐ray imaging devices. The current IEC standard requires an image of a tilted tungsten edge test object to obtain modulation transfer function (MTF) for DQE calculation. It specifies the range of edge angles to use; however, it does not specify a preferred method to determine this angle for image analysis. The study aimed to answer the question “will my choice in method impact my results?” Four different established edge angle determination methods were compared to investigate the impact on DQE.Methods:Following the IEC standard, edge and flat field images were acquired on a cardiac flat‐panel detector to calculate MTF and noise power spectrum, respectively, to determine DQE. Accuracy of the methods in determining the correct angle was ascertained using a simulated edge image with known angulations. Precision of the methods was ascertained using variability of MTF and DQE, calculated via bootstrapping.Results:Three methods provided near equal angles and the same MTF while the fourth, with an angular difference of 6%, had a MTF lower by 3% at 1.5 mm−1 spatial frequency and 8% at 2.5 mm−1; corresponding DQE differences were 6% at 1.5 mm−1 and 17% at 2.5 mm−1; differences were greater than standard deviations in the measurements.Conclusions:DQE measurements may vary by a significant amount, depending on the method used to determine the edge angle when following the IEC standard methodology for a cardiac x‐ray detector. The most accurate and precise methods are recommended for absolute assessments and reproducible measurements, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tombunodavirus UC1
Authors: Greninger Alexander L. , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of tombunodavirus UC1 assembled from metagenomic sequencing of organisms in San Francisco wastewater. This virus shares hallmarks of members of the
Tombusviridae
and the nodavirus-like
Plasmopara halstedii
and
Sclerophthora macrospora
viruses.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain from Chile
Authors: Opazo Andrés , Lopes Bruno S. , García Patricia , Domínguez Yévenes Mariana , Lima Celia , Bello-Toledo Helia , González-Rocha Gerardo , Amyes Sebastian G. B. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Acinetobacter baumannii
strain Ab5 was isolated in the year 2007 in Chile, being one of the first multidrug-resistant (MDR) cases reported in the country. Here, we present the very first draft genome sequence of an MDR Chilean strain, which shows the presence of diverse resistance and acquired virulence genes.
Transnasal endoscopy: no gagging no panic!
Authors: Parker Clare , Alexandridis Estratios , Plevris John , O'Hara James , Panter Simon 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundTransnasal endoscopy (TNE) is performed with an ultrathin scope via the nasal passages and is increasingly used. This review covers the technical characteristics, tolerability, safety and acceptability of TNE and also diagnostic accuracy, use as a screening tool and therapeutic applications. It includes practical advice from an ear, nose, throat (ENT) specialist to optimise TNE practice, identify ENT pathology and manage complications.MethodsA Medline search was performed using the terms “transnasal”, “ultrathin”, “small calibre”, “endoscopy”, “EGD” to identify relevant literature.ResultsThere is increasing evidence that TNE is better tolerated than standard endoscopy as measured using visual analogue scales, and the main area of discomfort is nasal during insertion of the TN endoscope, which seems remediable with adequate topical anaesthesia. The diagnostic yield has been found to be similar for detection of Barrett's oesophagus, gastric cancer and GORD-associated diseases. There are some potential issues regarding the accuracy of TNE in detecting small early gastric malignant lesions, especially those in the proximal stomach. TNE is feasible and safe in a primary care population and is ideal for screening for upper gastrointestinal pathology. It has an advantage as a diagnostic tool in the elderly and those with multiple comorbidities due to fewer adverse effects on the cardiovascular system. It has significant advantages for therapeutic procedures, especially negotiating upper oesophageal strictures and insertion of nasoenteric feeding tubes.ConclusionsTNE is well tolerated and a valuable diagnostic tool. Further evidence is required to establish its accuracy for the diagnosis of early and small gastric malignancies. There is an emerging role for TNE in therapeutic endoscopy, which needs further study.
AIP1 Expression in Tumor Niche Suppresses Tumor Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Ji Weidong , Li Yonghao , He Yun , Yin Mingzhu , Zhou Huanjiao Jenny , Boggon Titus J. , Zhang Haifeng , Min Wang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Studies from tumor cells suggest that tumor-suppressor AIP1 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the role of AIP1 in the tumor microenvironment has not been examined. We show that a global or vascular endothelial cell (EC)–specific deletion of the AIP1 gene in mice augments tumor growth and metastasis in melanoma and breast cancer models. AIP1-deficient vascular environment not only enhances tumor neovascularization and increases premetastatic niche formation, but also secretes tumor EMT-promoting factors. These effects from AIP1 loss are associated with increased VEGFR2 signaling in the vascular EC and could be abrogated by systemic administration of VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors. Mechanistically, AIP1 blocks VEGFR2-dependent signaling by directly binding to the phosphotyrosine residues within the activation loop of VEGFR2. Our data reveal that AIP1, by inhibiting VEGFR2-dependent signaling in tumor niche, suppresses tumor EMT switch, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor premetastatic niche formation to limit tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res; 75(17); 3492–504. ©2015 AACR.
Genome-Wide Association Studies for Taxane-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in ECOG-5103 and ECOG-1199
Authors: Schneider Bryan P. , Li Lang , Radovich Milan , Shen Fei , Miller Kathy D. , Flockhart David A. , Jiang Guanglong , Vance Gail , Gardner Laura , Vatta Matteo , Bai Shaochun , Lai Dongbing , Koller Daniel , Zhao Fengmin , O'Neill Anne , Smith Mary Lou , Railey Elda , White Carol , Partridge Ann , Sparano Joseph , Davidson Nancy E. , Foroud Tatiana , Sledge George W. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy (TIPN) is an important survivorship issue for many cancer patients. Currently, there are no clinically implemented biomarkers to predict which patients might be at increased risk for TIPN. We present a comprehensive approach to identification of genetic variants to predict TIPN.
Experimental Design: We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 3,431 patients from the phase III adjuvant breast cancer trial, ECOG-5103 to compare genotypes with TIPN. We performed candidate validation of top SNPs for TIPN in another phase III adjuvant breast cancer trial, ECOG-1199.
Results: When evaluating for grade 3–4 TIPN, 120 SNPs had a P value of &lt;10−4 from patients of European descent (EA) in ECOG-5103. Thirty candidate SNPs were subsequently tested in ECOG-1199 and SNP rs3125923 was found to be significantly associated with grade 3–4 TIPN (P = 1.7 × 10−3; OR, 1.8). Race was also a major predictor of TIPN, with patients of African descent (AA) experiencing increased risk of grade 2–4 TIPN (HR, 2.1; P = 5.6 × 10−16) and grade 3–4 TIPN (HR, 2.6; P = 1.1 × 10−11) compared with others. An SNP in FCAMR, rs1856746, had a trend toward an association with grade 2–4 TIPN in AA patients from the GWAS in ECOG-5103 (OR, 5.5; P = 1.6 × 10−7).
Conclusions: rs3125923 represents a validated SNP to predict grade 3-4 TIPN. Genetically determined AA race represents the most significant predictor of TIPN. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5082–91. ©2015 AACR.