bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Von einem elektronenreichen Bis(boraketenimin) zu einem elektronenarmen Diboren
Authors: Böhnke Julian , Braunschweig Holger , Dellermann Theresa , Ewing William C. , Kramer Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo , Vargas Alfredo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDie Reaktion des Diboracumulens (CAAC)2B2 (CAAC=1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3,3,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidin‐2‐yliden) mit einem Überschuss an tert‐Butylisonitril führte zur Koordination des Isonitrils an das Bor. Die Verbindung kann formal mit einem freien Elektronenpaar am Bor dargestellt werden, doch sind diese Elektronen weit über das konjugierte π‐Netzwerk der π‐aziden CAAC‐ und Isonitrilliganden delokalisiert. Das Erhitzen auf 110 °C führte unter Bildung des ersten Dicyandiborens zum Verlust der organischen Substituenten beider Isonitrilliganden. Während alle bislang bekannten Diborene starke Reduktionsmittel sind, zeigt dieses Diboren im Cyclovoltammogramm Reduktionswellen.
Green Waste and Archaeological Geophysics
Authors: Gerrard James , Caldwell Liz , Kennedy Alisa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractEnvironmental concerns, supported by regulatory frameworks, have encouraged the conversion of organic and biological waste into fertilizers and soil conditioners (so‐called green waste) that are being increasingly used on arable fields. Recent work has shown that the level of ferrous contaminants within this waste can have a detrimental impact on shallow geophysical prospection methods that use the principles of magnetism. This paper highlights the negative impact of this new agricultural practice on the historic environment and calls for tighter regulation of green waste. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Conflict Resolution Model for Multi‐Uav Based on Cpn and 4d Trajectories
Authors: Fan Linjun , Tang Jun , Ling Yunxiang , Liu Gang , Li Benxian 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a conflict resolution (CR) model in colored Petri net (CPN) formalism for 4D (three‐dimensional + time) planned trajectories of cooperating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The CR model is integrated with the conflict detection algorithm using spatial data structure to detect time‐based separation infringements among UAVs and to generate an intuitionistic representation of 4D conflict information. The main contribution of this paper is the proposed CR model, which is based on the logic of cause‐and‐effect analysis. This model not only chooses a preferred trajectory according to the priority for solving the current conflict but also considers the follow‐up influence (domino effect) to update segments and conflicts. The novel causal model exploits the state space to achieve the solution using CPN. The model is validated with the experimental results of a scenario involving multiple UAVs (composed of clusters) cruising in a bounded region and exhibits the main advantages of scalability, efficiency, and short execution time.
Catalytic Conversion of Glucose to 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐furfural with a Phosphated TiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Atanda Luqman , Mukundan Swathi , Shrotri Abhijit , Ma Qing , Beltramini Jorge 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNanosized phosphated TiO2 catalysts with different phosphate contents were synthesized and tested for the conversion of glucose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural. The resulting materials were characterized by using N2‐adsorption, XRD, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, TEM, temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia, and FTIR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption techniques to determine their structural, bulk, surface, and acid properties. We found that TiO2 nanoparticles catalyzed this reaction under mild conditions in a water–butanol biphasic system. The incorporation of phosphorus into the TiO2 framework remarkably enhances the target product selectivity, which is ascribed to increased surface area, enhanced acidity, as well as thermal stability resulting from the TiOP bond formation. Under optimal reaction conditions, phosphated TiO2 was found to exhibit excellent catalytic performance, which resulted in 97 % glucose conversion and 81 % HMF yield after 3 h of reaction at 175 °C. More importantly, the catalyst showed good stability and could be reused for several reaction cycles.
Contrasts between Single nanoparticle and Ensemble Electron Transfer: Oxidation and Reduction of DPPH Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media
Authors: Zhou Xiaofei , Cheng Wei , Compton Richard G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe oxidative and reductive electrochemistry of DPPH nanoparticles is studied via the nanoimpacts method and with drop‐casted layers used to modify an electrode surface. In the former case the currents associated with single NP impacts are used to measure the electron transfer kinetics, whereas in contrast it is shown that the reduced diffusion caused by the overlap of adjacent diffusion layers in the latter case leads to more electrochemically reversible behaviour.
Factors associated with suicide in patients with genitourinary malignancies
Authors: Klaassen Zachary , Jen Rita P. , DiBianco John M. , Reinstatler Lael , Li Qiang , Madi Rabii , Lewis Ronald W. , Smith Arthur M. , Neal Durwood E. , Moses Kelvin A. , Terris Martha K. 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDApproximately 70% of all suicides in patients aged >60 years are attributed to physical illness, with higher rates noted in patients with cancer. The purpose of the current study was to characterize suicide rates among patients with genitourinary cancers and identify factors associated with suicide in this specific cohort.METHODSPatients with prostate, bladder, kidney, testis, and penile cancer were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1988‐2010). Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for each anatomic site. Multivariable logistic regression models generated odds ratios (ORs) for the identification of factors associated with suicide for each malignancy.RESULTSThere were 2268 suicides identified among 1,239,522 individuals with genitourinary malignancies observed for 7,307,377 person‐years. The SMRs for patients with cancer were 1.37 for prostate cancer (95% CI, 0.99‐1.86), 2.71 for bladder cancer (95% CI, 2.02‐3.62), 1.86 for kidney cancer (95% CI, 1.32‐2.62), 1.23 for testis cancer (95% CI, 0.88‐1.73), and 0.95 for penile cancer (95% CI, 0.65‐1.35). On multivariable analysis, male sex was found to be associated with odds of suicide among patients with bladder cancer (OR, 6.63) and kidney cancer (OR, 4.98). Increasing age was associated with suicide for patients with prostate, bladder, and testis cancer (OR range, 1.03‐1.06). Distant disease was associated with suicide in patients with prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer (OR range, 2.82‐5.43). Among patients with prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer, African American patients were less likely to commit suicide compared with white individuals (OR range, 0.26‐0.46).CONCLUSIONSSuicide in patients with genitourinary malignancies poses a public health dilemma, especially among men, the elderly, and those with aggressive disease. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors for suicide in these patients. Cancer 2015;121:1864–1872. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Fast, Direct, Low‐Cost Route to Scalable, Conductive, and Multipurpose Poly(3,4‐ethylenedixoythiophene)‐Coated Plastic Electrodes
Authors: Sydam Rambabu , Kokal Ramesh K. , Deepa Melepurath 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films are deposited, using an electroless method, onto flexible plastic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates of approximately 20×6 cm2. The sheet resistance of a PEDOT–PET film is approximately 600 Ω per square, and the nanoscale conductivity is 0.103 S cm−1. A plastic electrochromic PEDOT–Prussian blue device is constructed. The device undergoes a color change of pale blue to deep violet–blue reversibly over 1000 cycles, thus demonstrating its use as a light‐modulating smart window. The PEDOT–PET film is also used in a quantum dot solar cell, and the resulting photoelectrochemical performance and work function indicate that it is also promising for photovoltaic cells. The high homogeneity of the PEDOT deposit on PET, the optimal balance between conductivity and optical transparency, and the demonstration of its use in an electro‐optical device and a solar cell, offer the opportunity to use this electrode material in a variety of low‐cost optoelectronic devices.
New Iron Pyridylamino‐Bis(Phenolate) Catalyst for Converting CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates and Cross‐Linked Polycarbonates
Authors: Taherimehr Masoumeh , Sertã João Paulo Cardoso Costa , Kleij Arjan W. , Whiteoak Christopher J. , Pescarmona Paolo P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe atom‐efficient reaction of CO2 with a variety of epoxides has been efficiently achieved employing iron pyridylamino‐bis(phenolate) complexes as bifunctional catalysts. The addition of a Lewis base co‐catalyst allowed significant reduction in the amount of iron complex needed to achieve high epoxide conversions. The possibility of controlling the selectivity of the reaction towards either cyclic carbonate or polycarbonate was evaluated. An efficient switch in selectivity could be achieved when cyclic epoxides such as cyclohexene oxide and the seldom explored 1,2‐epoxy‐4‐vinylcyclohexane were used as substrates. The obtained poly(vinylcyclohexene carbonate) presents pending vinyl groups, which allowed post‐synthetic cross‐linking by reaction with 1,3‐propanedithiol. The cross‐linked polycarbonate displayed a substantial increase in the glass transition temperature and chemical resistance, thus opening new opportunities for the application of these green polymers.
Heterogeneity in recent‐onset type 1 diabetes – a clinical trial perspective
Authors: Bollyky Jennifer B. , Xu Ping , Butte Atul J. , Wilson Darrell M. , Beam Craig A. , Greenbaum Carla J. ,   Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Study Group
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundType 1 diabetes (T1D) TrialNet is a National Institutes of Health‐sponsored clinical trial network aimed at altering the disease course of T1D. The purpose of this study is to evaluate age‐dependent heterogeneity in clinical, metabolic and immunologic characteristics of individuals with recent‐onset T1D, to identify cohorts of interest and to aid in planning of future studies.MethodsEight hundred eighty‐three individuals with recent‐onset T1D involved in five TrialNet studies were categorized by age as follows: ≥18 years, 12–17 years, 8–12 years and <8 years. Data were compared with healthy age‐matched subjects in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.ResultsOnly 2.0% of the individuals overall were excluded from trial participation because of insufficient C‐peptide values (<0.2 pmol/mL). A disproportionate number of these subjects were <8 years old. Leukopenia was present in 21.2% of individuals and lymphopenia in 11.6%; these frequencies were markedly higher than age‐matched healthy National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey population. Of the cohort, 24.5% were overweight or obese. Neither high‐risk human leukocyte antigen type DR3 nor DR4 was present in 31% of adults and 21% of children.ConclusionsThe ability of recent‐onset T1D patients to meet key entry criteria for TrialNet studies, including C‐peptide >0.2 pmol/mL, varies by age. Lower C‐peptide level requirements for younger participants and other aspects of heterogeneity of recent‐onset T1D patients, such as white blood cell count abnormalities and body mass index should be considered in the design of future clinical studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new bisphenol A derivative for estrogen receptor binding studies with surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Wong Wing-Leung , Chow Cheuk-Fai 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

A new bisphenol A (BPA) derivative was synthesized and immobilized onto the surface of a CM5 sensor chip for a binding study with orphan estrogen-related receptor γ using the surface plasmon resonance technique. The kinetic parameters, including dissociation and association constants and dissociation and association rate constants, were investigated. Moreover, a competitive inhibition assay was conducted to understand the competition relationship between the free BPA molecules in solution and the immobilized BPA molecules on the sensor chip surface. The CM5 sensor chip immobilized with the BPA derivative can be regenerated by using a high-concentration running buffer for repeated use more than 150 times without any adverse effect on its performance in the binding studies. The results indicate that the system has potential for further development as a sensitive surface plasmon resonance–based biosensor for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1390–1396. © 2015 SETAC
Aminomethylphosphonic acid has low chronic toxicity to Daphnia magna and Pimephales promelas
Authors: Levine Steven L. , von Mérey Georg , Minderhout Tui , Manson Philip , Sutton Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the simplest member of a class of compounds known as aminomethylenephosphonates and the only environmental metabolite measured in significant amounts during the degradation of the herbicide glyphosate in soil. However, there are additional sources of AMPA in the environment, originating from organic phosphonates which are used in water treatment to inhibit scale formation and corrosion. Like glyphosate, AMPA has low acute toxicity to aquatic animals, and the no-observed–adverse effect concentration (NOAEC) obtained from a fish full–life cycle study for glyphosate was determined to be 26 mg/L. However, the chronic toxicity of AMPA to aquatic animals has not been evaluated before. The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential for chronic toxicity of AMPA to fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia magna. Chronic toxicity to P. promelas was evaluated in a fish early–life stage study. The primary endpoints were larval survival, growth, and development. The NOAEC for P. promelas was determined to be 12 mg/L, the highest concentration tested. The chronic toxicity to D. magna was evaluated in a Daphnia reproduction test. The primary endpoints were survival, growth, and reproduction. The no-observed-effect concentration for D. magna was determined to be 15 mg/L. Conservatively predicted environmental surface water concentrations for AMPA from typical foliar agricultural application rates and values from surface water monitoring programs are 100 to 1000 times less than the NOAEC values from both studies. Consequently, there is a large and highly protective margin of safety between realistic environmental exposures to AMPA and chronic toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and invertebrates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1382–1389. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
Synchronous brain activity during cooperative exchange depends on gender of partner: A fNIRS‐based hyperscanning study
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Li Xianchun , Hu Yi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that brain activity between partners is synchronized during cooperative exchange. Whether this neural synchronization depends on the gender of partner (i.e., opposite or same to the participant) is open to be explored. In current study, we used functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) based hyperscanning to study cooperation in a two‐person game (female–female, female–male, and male–male) while assaying brain‐to‐brain interactions. Cooperation was greater in male–male pairs than in female–female pairs, with intermediate cooperation levels for female–male pairs. More importantly, in dyads with partners with opposite gender (female–male pairs), we found significant task‐related cross‐brain coherence in frontal regions (i.e., frontopolar cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) whereas the cooperation in same gender dyads (female–female pairs and male–male pairs) was not associated with such synchronization. Moreover, the changes of such interbrain coherence across task blocks were significantly correlated with change in degree of cooperation only in mixed‐sex dyads. These findings suggested that different neural processes underlie cooperation between mixed‐sex and same‐sex dyadic interactions. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2039–2048, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Orienting of visuo‐spatial attention in complex 3D space: Search and detection
Authors: Ogawa Akitoshi , Macaluso Emiliano 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe ability to detect changes in the environment is necessary for appropriate interactions with the external world. Changes in the background go more unnoticed than foreground changes, possibly because attention prioritizes processing of foreground/near stimuli. Here, we investigated the detectability of foreground and background changes within natural scenes and the influence of stereoscopic depth cues on this. Using a flicker paradigm, we alternated a pair of images that were exactly same or differed for one single element (i.e., a color change of one object in the scene). The participants were asked to find the change that occurred either in a foreground or background object, while viewing the stimuli either with binocular and monocular cues (bmC) or monocular cues only (mC). The behavioral results showed faster and more accurate detections for foreground changes and overall better performance in bmC than mC conditions. The imaging results highlighted the involvement of fronto‐parietal attention controlling networks during active search and target detection. These attention networks did not show any differential effect as function of the presence/absence of the binocular cues, or the detection of foreground/background changes. By contrast, the lateral occipital cortex showed greater activation for detections in foreground compared to background, while area V3A showed a main effect of bmC vs. mC, specifically during search. These findings indicate that visual search with binocular cues does not impose any specific requirement on attention‐controlling fronto‐parietal networks, while the enhanced detection of front/near objects in the bmC condition reflects bottom‐up sensory processes in visual cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2231–2247, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐acetyltransferase polymorphisms are associated with risk of lymphoma subtypes
Authors: Cocco Pierluigi , Zucca Mariagrazia , Sanna Sonia , Satta Giannina , Nonne Tinucia , Angelucci Emanuele , Gabbas Attilio , Rais Marco , Malpeli Giorgio , Campagna Marcello , Scarpa Aldo , G Ennas Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGenes encoding for arylamine N‐acetyltransferase 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2) have been investigated with alternate findings in relation to risk of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We tested functional haplotype‐based NAT1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms in relation to risk of lymphoma overall and its major B cell subtypes, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). We used allele specific primers and multiplex PCR to detect NAT1 and NAT2 haplotypes in 248 patients with incident lymphoma and 208 population controls. We inferred the NAT1 rapid and slow acetylator and the NAT2 rapid, intermediate or slow acetylator phenotype, based on published functional data on the respective genotypes. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for lymphoma, B‐NHL, DLBCL, FL, CLL, and other B‐NHL combined associated with the inferred rapid NAT1 acetylator and with the intermediate and slow NAT2 acetylator phenotypes were estimated with unconditional and polytomous logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, gender and education. NAT1 rapid acetylators showed a 2.8‐fold excess risk (95% CI 1.5–5.2) for lymphoma (all subtypes combined). Risk was highest for CLL and FL, with significant heterogeneity detected across subtypes. Risk also increased with decreasing NAT2 acetylating capacity with no heterogeneity detected across B cell lymphoma subtypes. Risks did not vary by gender. Although poor statistical power was a major limitation in our study, larger studies and pooled analyses are warranted to test whether NAT1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms might modulate risk of specific lymphoma subtypes through the varying metabolic activity of their products. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is pindolol augmentation effective in depressed patients resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yiyun , Zhou Xinyu , Zhu Dan , Chen Jianjun , Qin Bin , Zhang Yuqing , Wang Xiao , Yang Deyu , Meng Huaqing , Luo Qinghua , Xie Peng 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to assess the use of pindolol augmentation in depressed patients resistant to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychINFO databases from 1970 through December 2013 was conducted. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) studied on unipolar SSRI‐resistant depressed adults were included. The primary outcome was mean change scores of depressive symptom on the depression rating scales, assessed with standardized mean differences.ResultsFive RCTs consisting of 154 patients met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall pooled effect size in the primary and secondary efficacy analysis showed no significant effects of pindolol plus SSRI therapy (standardized mean difference = −0.43, p = 0.24; OR = 1.92, p = 0.39, respectively). In terms of acceptability, there was no statistical difference in either tolerability or safety between the two groups (OR = 0.46, p = 0.40; OR = 0.90, p = 0.94, respectively). These estimates remained robust through several sensitivity and subgroup analyses, except 7.5 mg‐qd pindolol augmentation did show a significant benefit over 2.5‐mg tid pindolol augmentation.ConclusionsPindolol augmentation may not be suitable for treatment‐resistant depression patients with SSRI‐resistant depression. However, once‐daily high‐dose pindolol (7.5 mg qd) appears to show a promising benefit in these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
REVIEWS
Authors: Capell A. 
Published: February 2015

Altruisme bij Enkele Natuurvolken van Afrika en Australië. M. C. Ter WeerNative Peoples of the Pacific World. Felix M. KeesingThe New Malaya and You. H. B. Egmont HakeZum Problem der Fadenspiele, speziell in Neuguinea. By Dr. Georg HöltkerDas herz‐ oder nierenförmige Ornament auf einer Vase von Mohenjo‐Daro. By Dr. Georg Höltker
REVIEWS
Authors: Laycock Don 
Published: February 2015

Field Linguistics: A Guide to Linguistic Field Work. By William J. Samarin. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1967. Pp. x, 246. Price $US6.95 cloth.Linguistic Fieldwork Methods in Australia. By S. A. Wurm. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies Manual No. 3, Canberra, 1967. Price $A1.00.
REVIEWS
Authors: Gell A. F. 
Published: February 2015

The Interpretation of Ritual: Essays in Honour of A. I. Richards: J. S. La Fontaine (ed.). Tavistock Publications, London, 1973. Pp. xviii + 296. Price: £3.50. Paperback £1.75.The Interpretation of Symbolism. Roy Willis, (Ed.). Malaby Press. London 1975. Pp. xv + 181. Price: £6.75. ISBN O 460 14004 3.Rethinking Symbolism. By Dan Sperber, Cambridge University Press. 1975. Pp. xiii + 153, (trans. Alice L. Morton). Price: (paperback) £1.90. ISBN 0521 09967 6.
Review
Authors: Newell William H. 
Published: February 2015

Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture: Anthropological perspectives. By Victor and Edith Turner. Columbia University Press. Pp. xvii, + 281, 13 plates, 2 maps. 1978. $US18.75.Hindu Epics, Myths and Legends in popular illustrations. By Vassilis G. Vitsaxis. Pp. xii + 98, 46 plates including 42 coloured. Oxford University Press, Delhi 1978. $ A 12.50.