bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantitative analyses of indole and oxindole alkaloids of Uncaria Hook in rat plasma and brain after oral administration of the traditional Japanese medicine Yokukansan using high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kushida Hirotaka , Fukutake Miwako , Tabuchi Masahiro , Katsuhara Takao , Nishimura Hiroaki , Ikarashi Yasushi , Kanitani Masanao , Kase Yoshio 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTUncaria Hook (UH) alkaloids are involved in the beneficial effects of Yokukansan. However, the pharmacokinetics of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan has not yet been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, we developed and validated a sensitive and specific high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitation of seven UH alkaloids (corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine, rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether) in rat plasma and brain. After protein precipitation with acetonitrile, chromatographic separation was performed using an Ascentis Express RP‐amide column, with gradient elution with 0.2% formic acid and acetonitrile at 0.3 mL/min. All analytes in the plasma and brain showed good linearity over a wide concentration range (r > 0.995). Intra‐day and inter‐day variations of each constituent were 8.6 and 8.0% or less in the plasma, and 14.9 and 15.0% or less in the brain, respectively. The validated LC/MS/MS method was applied in the pharmacokinetic studies of UH alkaloids after oral administration of Yokukansan to rats. In the plasma, rhynchophylline, hirsutine, hirsuteine and geissoschizine methyl ether were detected, but only geissoschizine methyl ether was detected in the brain. These results suggest that geissoschizine methyl ether is an important constituent of the pharmacological effects of Yokukansan. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Green Materialities: Marketing and the Socio‐material Construction of Green Products
Authors: Fuentes Christian 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTGreen products are becoming part of contemporary consumer cultures and part of everyday life. But how are green products constructed? What kind of green products are constructed? And what happens as these green products are constructed?The aim of this paper is to contribute a socio‐cultural and critical understanding of green marketing by exploring and illustrating how marketing practices work to construct green products as meaningful material‐symbolic artefacts in practice.Departing from an understanding of marketing as practice I analyse how a green outdoor product ‐ a t‐shirt ‐ was constructed as green through the marketing practices of the Nordic Nature Shops. Focusing on this retail corporation and examining the practices of trail making, attending and selling, it is suggested that these t‐shirts become green through a process of socio‐material inscription. Through marketing practices green moral is generated and linked to the t‐shirts potentially making them desirable consumption objects to be used in the construction of consumers green identities. However, this process of green making is a difficult accomplishment with ambiguous outcomes. While the tendency to inscribe commercial products with morality can be interpreted as an indication of the development of a more ethically reflective consumer culture, it can also be argued to lead to the commercialization of morality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Keeping sustainable innovation on a leash? Exploring incumbents’ institutional strategies
Authors: Smink Magda M. , Hekkert Marko P. , Negro Simona O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis research aims to identify the institutional strategies of incumbent firms with regard to sustainable energy innovations that threaten their interests. This exploratory study contributes to the multi‐level perspective by providing new insights into niche–regime interaction. The focus on actor behavior in transitions is informed by literature from institutional theory and strategic management. Based on semi‐structured interviews with actors and on documents related to LED lighting and biofuels in the Netherlands, this study identified a preliminary set of empirical strategies: providing information and arguments to policy makers and the general public, as well as strategically setting technical standards. Incumbents are in a position to significantly influence the innovation's development by employing these strategies; thus temporarily keeping sustainable innovation on a leash. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
ChemInform Abstract: Field‐Induced Spin‐Flop‐Like Metamagnetism in α‐CoB4O7.
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Ying , Yang Dingfeng , Li Guobao , Lin Jianhua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPure α‐CoB4O7 is synthesized by a boric acid flux method from a mixture of Co(OAc)2 and H3BO3 (autoclave, 220 °C, 5 d) followed by step‐wise annealing of the resulting new cobalt polyborate up to 800 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: InP Nanowire Array Solar Cells Achieving 13.8% Efficiency by Exceeding the Ray Optics Limit.
Authors: Borgstroem Magnus T. , et al. et al. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA high performance solar cell containing millimeter‐sized arrays of p‐type/intrisic/n‐type doped InP nanowires achieves efficiencies of up to 13.8% using resonant light trapping in nanowires with diameters of 180 nm that only cover 12% of the surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis of New Open‐Framework Metal Phosphites with Structure‐Directing Agents Generated in situ.
Authors: Xue Li , Luo Daibing , Luo Xiuchao , Zeng Hongmei , Lin Zhien 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe new compounds (III), (IV), and (VI) are solvothermally synthesized using amide molecules and a urea derivative as the source of structure‐directing agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Oxidation of Arylmethylene Compounds Using Nano‐MnO2.
Authors: Nammalwar Baskar , Fortenberry Chelsea , Bunce Richard A. , Lageshetty Sathish Kumar , Ausman Kevin D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMnO2 nanoparticles show superior reactivity to synthetic and commercial MnO2 in the microwave‐assisted oxidation of arylmethylene compounds and benzylic ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Functional Conjugated Dienes from Propargylic Carbonates and Silyl Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Moulin Solenne , Zhang Hanyu , Raju Suresh , Bruneau Christian , Derien Sylvie 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis reaction yields dienyl carbonates from propargylic carbonates via a 1,2‐shift of the carbonate group.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Asymmetric Hydroheteroarylation of Bicycloalkenes.
Authors: Sevov Christo S. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reaction of norbornene (II) and norbornadiene (X) with indoles, thiophenes, furans and pyrroles proceeds with moderate to high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Traceless Chelation‐Controlled Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkene and Alkyne Hydroacylation.
Authors: Hooper Joel F. , Young Rowan D. , Weller Andrew S. , Willis Michael C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe new Rh‐catalyzed silane‐mediated sulfide reduction process shows excellent functional group tolerance [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Between Arenes and Aziridines by C—H Activation.
Authors: Li Xingwei , Yu Songjie , Wang Fen , Wan Boshun , Yu Xinzhang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA regioselective C—C coupling between N‐sulfonyl‐substituted aziridines and electron‐poor arenes, substituted with an N‐heteroaromatic directing group, is achieved under optimized conditions for a broad spectrum of substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Phenolic O—H Bond Insertion: Synthesis of Chiral 2‐Carboxy Dihydrobenzofurans, Dihydrobenzopyrans, and Tetrahydrobenzooxepines.
Authors: Song Xiao‐Guang , Zhu Shou‐Fei , Xie Xiu‐Lan , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe cyclization of various diazo ester substrates in the presence of the optimal ligands (Sa)‐INH and (Sa)‐IOP is advantageous with regards to high yields, excellent enantioselectivity, and wide substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Preference of Multiple Coupling in the Introduction of Thiophene Ring into Poly‐Halogenated Aromatic Compounds with Nickel NHC Catalyst.
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Tatsuta Go , Sugie Atsushi , Mori Atsunori 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe reaction of thiophene derivatives with dihalogenated thiophenes and benzenes gives di‐coupled products exclusively although the reactants are used in equimolar amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Mixed 3,3′‐Bisindoles and Their Evaluation as Wnt Signaling Inhibitors.
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Yamamoto Yushi , Awata Atsuko , Kamiya Kentaro , Ishibashi Masami , Arai Midori A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFriedel—Crafts reaction of isatin‐derived nitroalkenes with indoles in the presence of either Cu(O‐Tf)2 [conditions A)] or CuOTf [conditions B)] yields 3,3′‐bisindoles which represent the skeleton of various indole alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid/Rhodium(II) Cooperative Catalytic Asymmetric Three‐Component Aldol‐Type Reaction for the Synthesis of 3‐Amino Oxindoles.
Authors: Ren Lei , Lian Xiao‐Lei , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis method gives access to highly functionalized and structurally diverse 3‐amino oxindoles with good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu‐Catalyzed in situ Generation of Thiol Using Xanthate as a Thiol Surrogate for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazoles and Benzothiophenes.
Authors: Prasad D. J. C. , Sekar G. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe new title reaction affords a wide range of different substituted benzothiazoles and benzothiophenes in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Quantitative Structure—Activity Relationship and Biological Evaluation of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole Derivatives Possessing Diphenylamine Moiety as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Abdel Rahman Doaa Ezzat 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe oxadiazole derivatives (I)‐(III) are readily obtained from N‐phenylanthranilic acid hydrazide.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,4‐Unsubstituted Quinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Ethyl Esters from Arylmethyl Azides via a Domino Process.
Authors: Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak , Gettongsong Tanita 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (III), (V) and (VII)/(VIII) are prepared from arylmethyl azides by a domino process.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Selective Access to Three Distinct Sets of Indole‐Based Heterocycles from a Single Set of Ugi‐Adducts under Microwave Heating.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhao Fei , Zheng Mingyue , Zhai Yun , Liu Hong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStarting materials (I) are prepared by a four component Ugi reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective trans‐Silylvinylation of Internal Alkynes Catalyzed by RuHCl(CO)(PCy3)2.
Authors: Zhao Jinbo , Liu Shasha , Marino Nadia , Clark Daniel A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis provides a regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of highly functionalized dienes.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Mueggelone.
Authors: Kumar Dachepally Aravind , Meshram Harshadas Mitaram 
Published: July 2013

Abstract(+)‐Mueggelone (I) is synthesized from commercially available and inexpensive starting materials via Sharpless epoxidation, Jacobsen resolution, lactonization and cross metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comparative Study of the Linear Solvation Energy Relationship for the Reactivity of Pyridine Carboxylic Acids with Diazodiphenylmethane in Protic and Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Drmanic Sasa Z. , Nikolic Jasmina B. , Marinkovic Aleksandar D. , Jovanovic Bratislav Z. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReview: 25 refs.
Development of the cerebellar afferent system in the shark Scyliorhinus canicula: Insights into the basal organization of precerebellar nuclei in gnathostomes
Authors: Pose‐Méndez Sol , Candal Eva , Adrio Fátima , Rodríguez‐Moldes Isabel 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe cerebellum is recognized as an evolutionary innovation of jawed vertebrates, whose most primitive group is represented by the chondrichthyans, or cartilaginous fishes. A comprehensive knowledge of cerebellar connections in these fishes might shed light on the basal organization of the cerebellar system. Although the organization of the precerebellar system is known in adults, developmental studies are essential for understanding the origin and evolution of precerebellar nuclei. In the present work we performed a developmental study of cerebellar connections in embryos and juveniles of an advanced shark species, Scyliorhinus canicula, by application of tract tracing in combination with immunohistochemical techniques. Main precerebellar cell populations were located in the diencephalon (pretectum and thalamus), mesencephalon (reticular formation and nucleus ruber), rhombencephalon (cerebellar nucleus, reticular formation, and inferior olive), and spinal cord (ventral horn). The order of arrival of cerebellar afferent projections throughout development revealed a common pattern with other jawed vertebrates, which was helpful for comparison of stages of cerebellar development. The neurochemical study of the inferior olive and other precerebellar nuclei revealed many shared features with other gnathostomes. Furthermore, because many precerebellar nuclei originate from rhombic lips, the first analysis of neuronal migrations from these lips was performed with markers of neuroblasts. The shared features of development and organization of precerebellar connections observed between sharks and amniotes suggest that their basic pattern was established early in gnathostome evolution. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:131–168, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of plasma membrane estrogen receptors in mediating the estrogen induction of progesterone receptors in hypothalamic ventromedial neurons
Authors: Sá Susana I. , Pereira Pedro A. , Malikov Viacheslav , Ferreira Isabel M.P.L.V.O. , Madeira M. Dulce 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTProgesterone is well known for its role in the modulation of sexual behavior. In the ventromedial nucleus (VMN), a part of the mediobasal hypothalamus that regulates sexual behavior in female rodents, estrogens induce the expression of progesterone receptors (PRs). This effect is known to be dependent on the activation of nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs). However, recent studies have documented estrogen activation of genomic transcription triggered by protein–protein phosphorylation cascades initiated at membrane receptors. The aim of this study was to examine if membrane‐initiated estradiol (E2) stimulation is able to induce PR expression in the VMN or, at least, to modulate nuclear ER action. To achieve this goal, 2‐month‐old ovariectomized Wistar rats were injected bilaterally, in the vicinity of VMN, with free E2 and with E2 conjugated with bovine serum albumin (E2BSA), alone or in sequence, by using a two‐pulse injection paradigm. Stereological methods and western blot analysis were used to estimate the total number of PR‐immunoreactive neurons in the VMN and the PR protein content of the VMN, respectively. The results showed that the administration of E2BSA alone increases the number of PR‐immunoreactive neurons and the expression level of PR protein to values similar to those resulting from E2 administration. They also showed that the sequential administration of E2 and E2BSA potentiates the effects resulting from the injection of E2 or E2BSA alone. These data provide the first evidence that membrane‐initiated E2 stimulation is able to induce and to potentiate the genomic activation of PR expression in the VMN. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:298–307, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Near‐Infrared‐Emitting CdxHg1−xSe Nanorods Fabricated by Ion Exchange in an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Gupta Shuchi , Kershaw Stephen V. , Susha Andrei S. , Wong Tai Lun , Higashimine Koichi , Maenosono Shinya , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWhereas CdSe nanorods that are grown in organic solution have a hexagonal wurtzite structure, which is the limiting case for exchange, HgSe is more commonly encountered as a cubic zinc blende system. An exchange process was performed at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure in an aqueous environment after phase transfer of the original CdSe nanorods, which reinforced the tendency for the endpoint of HgSe to be cubic. Consequently, we observed that under ambient conditions, the exchange process terminated with an average composition of only Cd0.9Hg0.1Se. Following the changes during the process by optical spectroscopy and high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), we observed that the Hg2+ ions diffused into the rods to a point limited by the formation of stacking faults due to the different lattice structures of the two limiting cases of zinc blende and wurtzite. HAADF‐STEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses also confirmed that the Hg substitution did not occur uniformly throughout the individual nanorods, as Hg‐poor and Hg‐rich regions coexist around the stacking faults. The formation of near‐infrared‐emitting alloyed CdxHg1−xSe nanorods in an aqueous medium highlights the subtle dependence of the ion‐exchange process on the differences in the crystal structures of the two endpoint lattices.
Effect of Channel Confinement on the Coarsening Kinetics of Nanoparticles Deposited on Semicrystalline Polymer Templates
Authors: Pavan Mariela J. , Shenhar Roy 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDodecanethiol‐capped gold nanoparticles (NPs) deposited onto a poly(ethylene glycol) substrate quickly coarsen over a timescale of days when stored under ambient conditions. The NP coarsening was studied at different surface coverages and temperatures. The coarsening of NPs depended on their location on the film; NPs located inside the channels coarsened in a different fashion than NPs deposited on the plateaus. Size distributions studied by image analysis and comparison to theoretical distribution functions shed light on the coarsening mechanism in each case, revealing the role of dimensionality.
Facile Access to Functional Building Blocks of C60 Involving C3‐Symmetrical Addition Patterns
Authors: Gmehling Alexander , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA new class of C3‐symmetrical fullerene building blocks with a well‐defined spatial arrangement of addends has been developed. They comprise compounds with a e,e,e‐trisaddition pattern and a mixed octahedral hexakisaddition pattern. Fullerenophosphates with a e,e,e‐addition pattern were used for the spatial preorganization of the addends. After deprotection seven different trisbromides (12–16, 15a, 16a) with varying chain lengths and orientation of the functional groups were obtained. Acetylenes could be coupled to these compounds by click chemistry through an intermediate trisazide. For the synthesis of mixed hexakisadducts 19–21 a template system based on a central benzyl moiety was attached to the free hemisphere of the trisadduct fullerenophosphates. It was shown that the phosphate and the benzyl template can be removed independently. Fully deprotected building block 24 bearing both terminal bromide and hydroxy moieties was prepared. In addition, rather complex hybrid architecture 29 bearing three porphyrin units in the polar addend zone was successfully synthesized.
Annulated Heterocyclic Derivatives of 1,3,6,8‐Tetraazapyrene
Authors: Martens Susanne C. , Hahn Lena , Lombeck Florian , Rybina Arina , Wadepohl Hubert , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolyheterocyclic aromatic compounds combining the electron‐poor 1,3,6,8‐tetraazapyrene (TAPy) unit with electron‐rich heterocycles are reported. They were obtained as side‐products from the reaction of the tin “double salt” of tetraaminonaphthalene hydrochloride with trifluoroacetic anhydride in pyridine. Apart from the target product, 2,7‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐1,3,6,8‐tetraazapyrene (1), several novel heteroaromatics were obtained resulting from the annulation of a furan (2) or indolizine unit (3) to the TAPy core. Upon recrystallization from methanol, methanol added to compound 2 to yield the racemate of the homochiral diastereomer [(R,R)‐ and (S,S)‐2a]. Compound 3 is strongly fluorescent (φ = 0.68 in toluene) and the emission spectra display a significant bathochromic shift with increasing solvent polarity. The HOMO of 3 is located on the indolizine part of the molecule, whereas the LUMO primarily resides on the tetraazapyrene unit, which suggests considerable intramolecular charge transfer in the corresponding π*←π transition.
A unified approach for the design of high ductility steel frames with concentric braces in the framework of Eurocode 8
Authors: Marino Edoardo M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYEurocode 8 (EC8) stipulates design methods for frames with diagonal braces and for chevron braced frames, which differ as regards the numerical model adopted, the value of the behavior factorqand the estimation of the lateral strength provided by braces. Instead, in this paper, the use of the same design method is suggested for both types of concentrically braced frames. The design method is a generalization of the one proposed for chevron braced frames in a previous study. A numerical investigation is conducted to assess the reliability of this design method. A set of concentrically braced frames is designed according to the EC8 and proposed design methods. The seismic response of these frames is determined by nonlinear dynamic analysis. Finally, it is demonstrated that the proposed design method is equivalent to those provided by EC8, because it can ensure the same level of structural safety which would be expected when using EC8. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma levels of interleukin‐6 and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor response in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Yoshimura Reiji , Hori Hikaru , Ikenouchi‐Sugita Atsuko , Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Katsuki Asuka , Atake Kiyokazu , Nakamura Jun 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveWe investigated the plasma levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and 5‐HTT polymorphisms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This is the first report, to our knowledge, of an investigation into the association between 5‐HTT gene polymorphism, plasma IL‐6 levels, and responses to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in Japanese patients with MDD.MethodOne‐hundred and eighteen patients (51 male, 67 female) who met the DSM‐IV criteria for MDD were enrolled. Their ages ranged from 24 to 78 (mean ± SD = 44 ± 12) years. The patients were treated with SSRIs (paroxetine in 66 cases, sertraline in 42 cases) for 8 weeks.ResultsThe plasma levels of IL‐6 were significantly higher in the SSRI responders than in the nonresponders (p = 0.0328), and the changes in plasma IL‐6 levels correlated significantly with the changes in severity of depressive state (p = .0.007). No difference was found in baseline and the changes in plasma IL‐6 levels between the patients with a 5‐HTT gene (5‐HTTLPR) L‐carrier and those with S/S.ConclusionThese results suggest that the plasma levels of IL‐6 reflect the severity of MDD and that plasma IL‐6 levels might be another biological‐state marker for the depressive state. In addition, the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism might be independent of plasma IL‐6 levels. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4.1: Invited Paper: Electronic Structure, Carrier Transport, Defects and Impurities in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor
Authors: Kamiya Toshio , Nomura Kenji , Hosono Hideo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis review paper provides the present status of amorphous oxide semiconductor technology along with knowledge obtained to date on their carrier transport, defects and impurities in relation to their stability issues.