bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associated anomalies in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: perinatal characteristics and impact on postnatal survival
Authors: Hidaka Nobuhiro , Ishii Keisuke , Mabuchi Aki , Yamashita Akiko , Ota Shiyo , Sasahara Jun , Murata Masaharu , Mitsuda Nobuaki 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and postnatal outcomes of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and additional anomalies.

Materials and methods: We reviewed the charts of fetuses with CDH managed between 2005 and 2013. Patients were divided into complex and isolated groups based on the presence of additional anomalies. We analyzed the respective polyhydramnios, liver herniation, stomach position, lung to thorax transverse area ratio (LTR), and prognoses of the two groups. The survival rates of both groups were assessed based on the LTR as well as on stomach and liver positions.

Results: CDH was diagnosed in 65 fetuses, and additional anomalies were found in 23. The incidences of liver herniation, polyhydramnios, and death were significantly higher, and LTR was significantly lower, in the complex group. The mortality rate of fetuses with a LTR <0.08 was lower than that of fetuses with a LTR of ≥0.08 in the complex group. Further, the survival rate of fetuses with intrathoracic liver was lower than those without liver herniation.

Conclusions: The prognosis of complex CDH is poor. This may result from both the associated anomalies and the severity of CDH itself. Even in complex CDHs, intrathoracic liver and LTR values are useful in estimating postnatal outcome.
Оцінка цитотоксичної дії антигістамінних препаратів лоратадину та дезлоратадину з використанням тест-об’єкта – сперміїв бугаїв
Authors: Kuzminov O. , Ostapiv D. , Alekhina T. 
Published: July 2014

Antihistamines with active ingredients of loratadine and desloratadine are produced by Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry. According to the law, ther are assessed for their potential danger to human health and the environment, including alternative test objects. Evaluation has been carried out with regard to cytotoxic effect of pharmacological substances (loratadine and desloratadine) using the bull sperm suspension as test objects, standardized and highly sensitive to toxic substances. Sperm was divided into the control sample (dissolved by phosphate-buffered saline) and the investigated sample. Loratadine was added to phosphate-buffered saline in doses of 1/500 LD50 (12.3 mg), 1/100 LD50 (61.5 mg) and LD50 (6150 mg). Desloratadine doses were 1/500 LD50 (1.25 mg), 1/100 LD50 (6.25 mg) and LD50 (625 mg). Survival of spermatozoa was defined until termination of rectilinear forward movement in sperm intacted at +2…+5 °C. Respiratory activity (ex tempore) was defined in 1.0 ml thermostated cell (temperature of 38.5 °C) by polarography with the automatic registration of process flow by potentiometer; restorative activity was defined potentiometrically, using the open microelectrodes that were inserted in thermostated polarographic cell. Survival of spermatozoa in the sperm under the impact of loratadine in doses of 1/500 LD50 and 1/100 LD50 is respectively 136.0 ± 26.2 hours and 144.0 ± 19.6 hours. Adding LD50 dose of loratadine reduced survival to 112.0 ± 26.2 hours, which is lower than the control (160.0 ± 26.1 hours), respectively, by 10.0–15.0 and 30.0%. Loratadine reduces the respiratory activity of sperm: in the dose of 1/500 LD50 by 20.5%, in the dose of 1/100 LD50 – by 43.6%, and that of 100 LD50 – by 61.5% compared to the control. Restorative sperm activity under the impact of the loratadine reduced by 84.0% (dose of 1/500 LD50), 98.0% (dose of 1/100 LD50), 80.0% (dose LD50) compared to controls. The survival of spermatozoa in the sperm under desloratadine action in the dose of 1/500 LD50 is 144.0 ± 19.6 hours (10.0% reduction compared with the control – 152.0 ± 23.6 hours), in the dose of 1/100 LD50 – 136.0 ± 26.1 hours (15.0% reduction), in the dose of LD50 – 72.0 ± 19.6 hours (30.0% reduction). The intensity of oxygen consumption by sperm reduced by 16.2% when adding desloratadine in the dose of 1/500 LD50, by 38.8% in the dose of 1/100 LD50 and by 80.7% – in the dose of LD50, compared with the control. Inhibition of respiratory activity is accompanied by decreasing in the transport of protons and electrons from spermatozoa into the extracellular medium, that manifests decreasing of reconstructive activity when the dose of desloratadine is 1/500 LD50 (by 12.0%), 1/100 LD50 (by 40.0%) and LD50 (by 60,0%) compared with the control.
Влияние цефтриаксона и тетрациклина на формирование биопленки штаммами Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Sidashenko O. I. , Voronkova O. S. , Sirokvasha Y. A. , Vinnikov A. I. 
Published: July 2014

122 strains of staphylococci were identified. Among the examined 122 clinical strains of staphylococci, 67 strains belonged to coagulase-positive, and 55 strains to the coagulase-negative ones. According to the study of physiological and biochemical properties, it was found that 37 strains (30.3%) belonged to S. epidermidis species. One of the biological properties of many bacteria is the ability to film formation and these strains attract special attention, since it is known that the film antibiotic resistance is higher than in planktonic cultures. It was determined that 20 strains of those under study were film-forming, 17 strains – non-biofilm forming ones. The film was formed during three days, and settled to the bottom of the plate holes. The clinical (Cl) strain of S. epidermidis was sensitive to ceftriaxone and tetracicline. The control (C) strains of S. epidermidis were sensitive to ceftriaxone, tetracycline and sizomicine. The study of biofilm growth for 2, 3 and 4 days of incubation was carried out. The maximum rate of biofilm S. epidermidis C was observed during 2–3 days; there is the most intense increase of cells number from 5.2 × 108 CFU/ml, for S. epidermidis Cl to 5.6 × 108 CFU/ml. The effect of ceftriaxone and tetracycline on biofilm formation by 2 investigation strains of S. epidermidis was found. We determined differences in minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for planktonic cultures and biofilm of strains under study. It was established that MIC antibiotics inhibited the growth of planktonic cultures on average 2 times lower compared to the MIC which inhibited the biofilm formation. MIC for planktonic culture of S. epidermidis Cl defined for ceftriaxone was equal to 10 mg/ml, and for tetracycline – 1 mg/ml. MIC of ceftriaxone for the control strain was equal to 12 mg/ml, MIC of tetracycline – 0.7 mg/ml. MIC values for dynamics biofilm formation of S. epidermidis Cl strain on the plater were as follows: to ceftriaxone – 20 mg/ml and for tetracycline – 2 mg/ml, MIC of ceftriaxone for S. epidermidis C strain – 24 mg/ml, MIC of tetracycline – 1.5 mg/ml. The effect of ceftriaxone and tetracycline was defined to the larger extent, than MIC for biofilm-forming on the plate (10, 50 and 100 times). More effective action of tetracycline was shown for 1- and 2-daily biofilm cultures of S. epidermidis clinical strain. Adding tetracycline concentration of 20 mg/ml in the culture medium of the 1-day biofilm of S. epidermidis Cl strain reduced the cell number of biofilm formation 590 times, increasing concentrations of tetracycline to 100 mg/ml and added to the 1-day biofilm of the clinical strain reduced the number of bacterial cell 4400 times compared with control.
Self-Extubation in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Restraint Policy Change: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Denny John T. , Pantin Enrique , Denny Julia , Grubb William , Tse James , Chyu Darrick , Trihn Phat , Hunter Christine 
Published: July 2014

Background:Self-extubation is a serious complication of mechanical ventilation. The incidence of self-extubation in a university hospital may be altered by a recent policy change, which requires daily written and face-to-face patient re-evaluations regarding the need for restraints in the intensive care units. There are many concerns and suspicions that this might result in less use of restraints and thereby increase the risk of self-extubation.Methods:The goal of this study was to describe the incidence of self-extubation (SE) over time and report any observed change with the change in restraint policy (RP).Results:The rate of self-extubation during the control year was 1.62% which increased to 2.33% during the initial study period and decreased to 1.30% in the following year. The distant follow-up period eight years after the initial change in restraint policy showed a rate of 1.14%. Apache scores did not differ significantly between the years compared.Conclusion:A new restraint policy, which requires frequent reordering by physicians, has the potential to be associated with increased self-extubation, at least temporarily. Staff education may help reduce this risk. Further research will be useful in clarifying which interventions can most reduce this potentially life-threatening complication.
Automated Morphometric Analysis of the Femur on Large Anatomical
Databases with Highly Accurate Correspondence Detection
Authors: Schröder Manuel , Gottschling Heiko , Reimers Nils , Hauschild Matthias , Burgkart Rainer 
Published: July 2014

For a variety of medical applications, detailed knowledge on the statistical distribution of morphometric
characteristics among specific patient groups is required. We present a novel approach for performing automated
morphometric measurements on the surface of anatomical bone samples obtained from CT segmentation. The system
developed supports various types of measurements (distances, angles, radii) on several kinds of features (points, lines,
planes or circles), which are performed automatically for every bone sample in a given data set. The desired features can
be specified by the user in two ways, either by marking them on a standardized template that is mapped to all samples via
a correspondence mapping, or by hierarchically building new features from existing features.
The system was implemented and tested on a database containing about 1200 segmented femur. The quality of the
automated matching was assessed through a study comparing the performance of the system with results obtained from
manual labeling by medical experts. It was found that the deviation between the two methods was generally less than
2mm.
Diabetes-Related Distress, Insulin Dose, and Age Contribute to Insulin-Associated Weight Gain in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: Jansen Henry J. , Vervoort Gerald M.M. , de Haan Anton F.J. , Netten Paetrick M. , de Grauw Wim J. , Tack Cees J. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
The determinants of insulin-associated weight gain in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are partly unknown. Therefore, we conducted a prospective study to identify predictors of insulin-associated weight gain.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In patients with T2DM, we assessed physical activity by accelerometry and measured diabetes-related distress by questionnaires before and 6 and 12 months after starting insulin therapy. Glycemic control (HbA1c) and insulin dose were monitored.

RESULTS
After 12 months of insulin therapy, mean body weight had increased by 3.0 ± 2.5 kg (P &lt; 0.001). The drop in HbA1c was correlated with insulin-associated weight gain. With the use of a multiple linear regression model, a cluster of variables was identified that significantly related to weight gain. Diabetes-related distress, initial insulin dose, and the increase of insulin dose during the course of the study as well as age appeared to be important predictors of weight gain after initiation of insulin therapy. Physical activity (measured as MET) decreased from 1.40 ± 0.04 at baseline to 1.32 ± 0.04 MET (P &lt; 0.05) but was not significantly related to weight changes.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes-related distress, initial and titration of insulin dose, and age all significantly predict insulin-associated weight gain. After the initiation of insulin therapy, physical activity decreased significantly, but this did not determine weight gain over the first 12 months. Our study findings may have clinical implications.
Effect of 8 Weeks of Overfeeding on Ectopic Fat Deposition and Insulin Sensitivity: Testing the “Adipose Tissue Expandability” Hypothesis
Authors: Johannsen Darcy L. , Tchoukalova Yourka , Tam Charmaine S. , Covington Jeffrey D. , Xie Wenting , Schwarz Jean-Marc , Bajpeyi Sudip , Ravussin Eric 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVE
The presence of large subcutaneous adipocytes in obesity has been proposed to be linked with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes through the “adipose tissue expandability” hypothesis, which holds that large adipocytes have a limited capacity for expansion, forcing lipids to be stored in nonadipose ectopic depots (skeletal muscle, liver), where they interfere with insulin signaling. This hypothesis has, however, been largely formulated by cross-sectional findings and to date has not been prospectively demonstrated in the development of insulin resistance in humans.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty-nine men (26.8 ± 5.4 years old; BMI 25.5 ± 2.3 kg/m2) were fed 40% more than their baseline requirement for 8 weeks. Before and after overfeeding, insulin sensitivity was determined using a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) were measured by 1H-MRS and abdominal fat by MRI. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose and skeletal muscle tissues were collected to measure adipocyte size and markers of tissue inflammation.

RESULTS
Subjects gained 7.6 ± 2.1 kg (55% fat) and insulin sensitivity decreased 18% (P &lt; 0.001) after overfeeding. IHL increased 46% from 1.5% to 2.2% (P = 0.002); however, IMCL did not change. There was no association between adipocyte size and ectopic lipid accumulation. Despite similar weight gain, subjects with smaller fat cells at baseline had a greater decrease in insulin sensitivity, which was linked with upregulated skeletal muscle tissue inflammation.

CONCLUSIONS
In experimental substantial weight gain, the presence of larger adipocytes did not promote ectopic lipid accumulation. In contrast, smaller fat cells were associated with a worsened metabolic response to overfeeding.
Ethnic Literature and Slovak American Research
Authors: Židová Diana 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article outlines the beginnings of ethnic literature research in the United States of America with regards to its reception from the 1960s to the 1980s. Aesthetic merit as a leading consideration in the evaluation of literary works, in view of the opinions of numerous critics, is quite problematic to apply in the case of Czech and Polish literature. Considering the output of Slovak-American research in the field of literary criticism and literary history, the results are not satisfactory either. There are a few works that provide valuable insight into the literature of the Slovak diaspora.
Under (Re)Construction – Belfast in the Poetry and Prose of Ciaran Carson
Authors: Dolmányos Péter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Ciaran Carson’s poetry is deeply concerned with the city of Belfast, as many of the poems unfold their twisting itinerary against the active background of this northern urban location. In addition to the poems Carson has published a fair number of prose pieces and a tentative autobiography, which also resurrects the city in its dynamism, though on a different timescale. The poems and the prose pieces together constitute a narrative of the changing city with the conclusion that the most apparent element of permanence in the context of the city is change itself, which leads to a strained relationship between the city and the map representing it.
Humanism and Ethos in the Works of Ralph Waldo Emerson
Authors: Plechová Viera 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The article deals with the ideas of humanity and morality as reflected in the works of R. W. Emerson, the main representative of an intellectual movement called American transcendentalism. It conveys basic facts about the movement and focuses on the key aspects of Emerson’s transcendental philosophy, particularly his concept of the Over-soul and his concept of Nature, which gave his humanistic philosophy a religious and moral accent. Due to it, Emerson’s religious humanism also became the basis of American democratic individualism. The article offers insight into Emerson’s ideas on morality and ethical behaviour, which challenge us to live in harmony with God and nature.
Aspects in Classification Learning - Review of Recent Developments in Learning Vector Quantization
Authors: Kaden M. , Lange M. , Nebel D. , Riedel M. , Geweniger T. , Villmann T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
.Classification is one of the most frequent tasks in machine learning. However, the variety of classification tasks as well as classifier methods is huge. Thus the question is coming up: which classifier is suitable for a given problem or how can we utilize a certain classifier model for different tasks in classification learning. This paper focuses on learning vector quantization classifiers as one of the most intuitive prototype based classification models. Recent extensions and modifications of the basic learning vector quantization algorithm, which are proposed in the last years, are highlighted and also discussed in relation to particular classification task scenarios like imbalanced and/or incomplete data, prior data knowledge, classification guarantees or adaptive data metrics for optimal classification.
The embodied classroom - A phenomenological discussion of the body and the room
Authors: Alerby Eva , Hagström Erica , Westman Susanne 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A (Western) school is, among other things, a building with its own spatial formations and boundaries. In educational settings, the place for learning, as well as the human body in the place, is significant. In this paper, we explore the theory of the lived body as it was formulated by Maurice Merleau-Ponty and argue why we think this theory can be used fruitfully in educational research, and specifically in a study of learning places such as classrooms. We also discuss what a classroom is and can be drawing upon the work of Otto Friedrich Bollnow.
As humans, we access the world through our bodies and the knowledge we develop is always embodied. The body and the world are two aspects of a reversibility, which Merleau-Ponty terms flesh. He also stresses that the body inhabits the world, and our corporeality can therefore be tied to the room-we are affected by and affect the room in a mutual interplay.
In this paper, we develop this further and argue that teachers and students inhabit the classroom. Corporeality is therefore closely connected to spatiality and is understood as a prerequisite for being involved in relationships. We argue for the importance of exploring the notion of embodiment in educational settings with a special focus on the embodied classroom using the phenomenology of the life-world
Enacting teaching and learning in the interaction process: “Keys” for developing skills in piano lessons through four-hand improvisations
Authors: Laroche Julien , Kaddouch Ilan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Embodied mind theories underline the role of the body in the act of knowing. According to the enactive approach, we learn to perceive and to know through our bodily interactions with the world (Varela, Thompson & Rosch, 1991). However, such an approach remains incomplete as long as sociality is not taken into account (Froese & Di Paolo, 2009). Recently, an inter-enactive approach has accordingly been proposed. Social interactions are seen as processes of coordinated sense-making that emerge from the dynamics of the inter-action process itself (De Jaegher & Di Paolo, 2007). As learning mainly takes place in intersubjective contexts (e.g. as an effect of teaching), this approach is relevant to the issue of pedagogy. Teaching settings are a special case though: cognitive interactions are reciprocal but asymmetrically guided by the teacher. In this paper, the question of the relations between body and education is thus addressed from the point of view of the inter-enactive approach. To this end, we first sketch out the phenomenological and theoretical contours of embodied intersubjectivity and intersubjective embodiment. Then, we present an interactive pedagogical method for musical learning (free spontaneous four-hand improvisations in the context of the Kaddouch pedagogy) and discuss it using illustrative case studies. The teacher’s role appears to operate directly within the dynamics of the interaction process, a source of knowing and skill enaction for the learner
Toward an affective pedagogy of human rights education
Authors: Hung Ruyu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper explores the notion of Affective Pedagogy of Human Rights Education (APHRE) on a theoretical level and suggests a concept of curricular framework. APHRE highlights the significance of affectivity and body in the process of learning, factors usually neglected in the mainstream intellectualistic approach to learning, especially in areas under the Confucian tradition. The paper’s first section explores the thinking of three philosophers - Rorty, Merleau-Ponty, and Beardsley - who serve as sources for APHRE. The second section explains how their concepts contribute to APHRE’s development. In the third section, a practical curricular framework is presented. Finally, the paper discusses implementing the framework and concludes by recognizing APHRE as a pedagogic approach for crossing borders among nationalities, cultures, and languages
Mathematical Modelling of a Hybrid Micro-Cogeneration Group Based on a Four Stroke Diesel Engine
Authors: Apostol Valentin , Prisecaru Tudor , Petcu Cristian , Dobrovicescu Alexandru , Prisecaru Mălina , Popescu Gheorghe , Pop Horaţiu , Ciobanu Cristina , Pop Elena , Untea Adrian , Kadhum Mahdi Hatf , Bădescu Viorel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a part of the work conducted in the first stage of a Research Grant called ”Hybrid micro-cogeneration group of high efficiency equipped with an electronically assisted ORC” acronym GRUCOHYB. The hybrid micro-cogeneration group is equipped with a four stroke Diesel engine having a maximum power of 40 kW. A mathematical model of the internal combustion engine is presented. The mathematical model is developed based on the Laws of Thermodynamics and takes into account the real, irreversible processes. Based on the mathematical model a computation program was developed. The results obtained were compared with those provided by the Diesel engine manufacturer. Results show a very high correlation between the manufacturer’s data and the simulation results for an engine running at 100% load. Future developments could involve using an exergetic analysis to show the ability of the ORC to generate electricity from recovered heat
Magnetic Deposits of Iron Oxides in the Human Brain
Authors: Makohusová Miroslava , Mrázová Viera , Kopáni Martin , Boča Roman 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Deposits of iron oxides in the human brain (globus pallidus) are visible under electron microscopy as object of regular and or/irregular shape but giving sharp diffraction patterns in the transmission mode. The SQUID magnetometry reveals that the magnetization curves decline form an ideal Langevin function due to the dominating diamagnetism of organic tissue. The fitting procedure yields the quantitative characteristics of the overall magnetization curves that were further processed by statistical multivariate methods