bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The frequency response of a floating piezoelectric microphone for the implantable middle ear microphone
Authors: Gao Na , Chen Yong Zheng , Chi Fang Lu , Zhang Tian Yu , Xu Hai Dong , Kang Hou Yong , Pan Tie Zheng 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisA piezoelectric sensor, floating piezoelectric microphone, driven by acoustic vibration of the ossicles, is one possible design for a microphone for a totally implantable cochlear implant. The purpose of the article was to study the frequency response of the floating piezoelectric microphone and to identify the ideal feasible position in the ossicular chain.Study DesignBasic Research.MethodsThe frequency response of the floating piezoelectric microphone was analyzed by finite‐element modeling and in vitro testing of fresh cadaveric heads. The floating piezoelectric microphone, 5.0 mm in length and 1.5 mm by 1.2 mm in rectangular cross section, as a piezoelectric microphone, was placed at various locations on the ossicular chain and stimulated by pure tones of different frequencies.ResultsThe floating piezoelectric microphone can pick up the vibration of the ossicular chain and effectively convert it into the electronic signals effectively both in the long process of incus and in the malleus. The average sensitivity of the FPM is −44.22 dB rms ref 1V at 1000Hz in the long process of incus, −53.33 dB rms ref 1V at 1000Hz in the malleus, and −108.59 dB rms ref 1V at 1000Hz in the tympanic cavity.ConclusionsThe floating piezoelectric microphone is expected to be used as an implantable middle ear microphone for the totally implantable cochlear implant.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Regenerative process of tracheal epithelium using a collagen vitrigel sponge scaffold
Authors: Tani Akiko , Tada Yasuhiro , Takezawa Toshiaki , Wada Ikuo , Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Nomoto Yukio , Nomoto Mika , Omori Koichi 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisOur group has developed a collagen vitrigel sponge scaffold containing basic fibroblast growth factor (b‐FGF) for tracheal reconstruction. In this study, we have investigated the regenerative process of tracheal epithelium histologically and morphologically.Study DesignA preliminary animal experiment.MethodsA collagen vitrigel sponge scaffold was fabricated with simultaneous addition of 100 ng b‐FGF. Tracheotomies were performed, and collagen vitrigel sponge scaffolds were implanted on tracheal defects in rats. At 5, 7, and 14 days after implantation, the intraluminal surface of the regenerated tracheae was observed using endoscope. Histological examination of the intraluminal regenerated trachea was performed using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.ResultsEndoscopic images showed epithelial regeneration at 7 days after implantation. Light microscopic examination detected stratified epithelium at 5 days, columnar cells at 7 days, and ciliated cells at 14 days after implantation. Scanning electron microscopy images showed regenerated epithelial cells at 5 and 7 days, and ciliated cells at 14 days after implantation.ConclusionsThe horizontal section and luminal area of the regenerated epithelium were investigated. The epithelium was formed at 5 days, and mature cilia were found at 14 days after implantation. Epithelium of equality equivalent to normal trachea was regenerated in a rat model with collagen vitrigel‐scaffold containing b‐FGF at 14 days.Level of EvidenceN/A.
Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the anterior neck and thyroid
Authors: Dutta Mainak , Chatterjee Indranil , Roy Soham , Gure Prasanta Kumar 
Published: April 2013

Primary embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of anterior neck involving the thyroid is extremely rare. This report is only the second of its kind that describes this form of nonorbital nonparameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a 7‐year‐old boy and adds to a new, seldom‐reported variant of rhabdomyosarcoma in the head‐neck region. The child presented with a huge anterior neck swelling that clinically resembled a thyroid mass. Computed tomography scan showed a heterogeneous mass in the anterior neck replacing the entire right lobe of thyroid. Fine‐needle aspiration cytology was nondiagnostic. Right hemithyroidectomy with selective neck dissection suggested embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma by histopathology; the diagnosis was confirmed by positive reactions to desmin and myogenin. The child was subsequently treated with chemotherapy. Repeat chemotherapy with radiotherapy was required when recurrences were detected in the mediastinum and cervical lymph nodes at 13‐month follow‐up.Laryngoscope, 123:2072–2076, 2013
Serine substitution of proline at codon 151 of TP53 confers gain of function activity leading to anoikis resistance and tumor progression of head and neck cancer cells
Authors: Xie Tong‐Xin , Zhou Ge , Zhao Mei , Sano Daisuke , Jasser Samar A. , Brennan Richard G. , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisMutation of the TP53 gene occurs in more than half of cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, little is known about how specific TP53 mutations affect tumor progression. The objective of this study is to determine the gain of function of mutant p53 with a proline‐to‐serine substitution at codon 151.Study DesignLaboratory‐based study.MethodsA panel of HNSCC cell lines was determined with anoikis assays, and orthotopic mouse experiments were performed. TP53 was sequenced. The shRNA knockdown and overexpression approaches were used for testing mutant p53 functions. The crystal structure of the p53 protein was analyzed using an in silico approach.ResultsAn anoikis‐resistant cell line, Tu138, was found to have a proline‐to‐serine substitution at codon 151 of TP53, which results in loss of wild‐type p53 transcriptional activity. Moreover, the mutant p53 was shown to promote anoikis resistance and soft agar growth. Using an in silico approach based on the crystal structure of wild‐type p53 protein, substitution of proline by serine at position 151 would create a cavity in a hydrophobic pocket, the loss of van der Waals contacts, and the thermodynamically unfavorable placement of a polar group, the hydroxyl oxygen atom of the serine, within a hydrophobic region, all of which likely cause a locally altered structure.ConclusionsOur data suggest that mutation at position 151 leads to a structural alteration, which results in significant functional changes in the p53 protein that impact tumor progression.
Taste intensity in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study
Authors: Fischer Mary E. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Schubert Carla R. , Pinto Alex , Klein Barbara E. K. , Klein Ronald , Nieto F. Javier , Pankow James S. , Huang Guan‐Hua , Snyder Derek J. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the distribution of the perceived intensity of salt, sweet, sour, and bitter in a large population and to investigate factors associated with perceived taste intensity.Study DesignCross‐sectional population.MethodsSubjects (n = 2,374; mean age, 48.8 years) were participants in the Beaver Dam Offspring Study examined during 2005 to 2008. Perceived taste intensity was measured using paper disks and a general labeled magnitude scale. Multiple linear regression was performed.ResultsMean intensity ratings were: salt = 27.2 (standard deviation [SD] = 18.5), sweet = 20.4 (SD = 15.0), sour = 35.7 (SD = 21.4), and bitter = 49.6 (SD = 23.3). Females and those with less than a college degree education rated tastes stronger. With adjustment for age, sex, and education, stronger perceived sour and bitter intensities were related to current smoking (sour: B = 2.8, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4 to 5.2; bitter: B = 2.8, 95% CI, 0.3 to 5.4) and lipid‐lowering medications (sour: B = 5.1, 95% CI, 2.5 to 7.6; bitter: B = 3.2, 95% CI, 0.6 to 5.8). Alcohol consumption in the past year was related to weaker salt (B = −2.8, 95% CI, −5.3 to −0.3) and sweet intensity ratings (B = −2.3, 95% CI, −4.3 to −0.3), whereas olfactory impairment was associated with higher sweet ratings (B = 4.7, 95% CI, 1.4 to 7.9).ConclusionsPerceived intensities were strongest for bitter and weakest for sweet. Sex and education were associated with each taste, whereas age did not demonstrate a consistent relationship. Associations with other factors differed by tastants, with current smoking and alcohol consumption being related to some tastes.Level of Evidence2b.
Histologic comparison of vocal fold microflap healing with sutures and glue
Authors: Maunsell Rebecca C. K. , de Freitas Leandro L. , Altemani Albina , Crespo Agrício N. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisImproved voice quality is the expected outcome of microphonosurgery. To this end, the complex vibratory movement of the vocal folds must be preserved. Scarring of the vocal folds may compromise vocal outcome and is one of the most difficult to treat conditions. To minimize scar formation, a consensus exists on the need for maximum preservation of the epithelium and superficial lamina propria, and minimal exposure of vocal ligament. However, the need to cover the microflap defect is controversial. The aim of this study was to compare healing characteristics of microflap technique when the microflap is left to heal by second intention, when the defect is closed with sutures, and when it is covered with glue.Study DesignExperimental animal study.Material and MethodsAn experimental study comparing the three techniques was carried out on 37 New Zealand rabbits. Vocal fold healing was evaluated 7, 30, and 90 days after surgical intervention. Collagen concentration, inflammatory reaction, epithelium, and lamina propria thickness were evaluated.ResultsCollagen concentration significantly increased in all groups. After 7 days, epithelium thickness significantly increased and lamina propria thickness was not significantly altered. At 90 days, only the suture group showed no significant alteration in epithelium thickness. After 90 days, lamina propria thickness decreased, except in the fibrin glue group. No difference was seen in the number of inflammatory cells among the techniques.ConclusionsThe use of microsutures or fibrin glue to close microflap defects did not consistently improve vocal fold healing nor produce better scarring results when compared to healing by second intention.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 2012
Delayed lower cranial neuropathies following primary radiotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Andrew T. , Song Shiyu , Dominguez Laura M. , Nguyen Josephine , Goldman Richard A. , Reiter Evan R. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisDelayed lower cranial neuropathy is a rare complication following primary radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, and has been most associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with minimal data regarding this outcome in the treatment of the oropharynx. No reports, to the authors' knowledge, have described this complication following intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for oropharyngeal primaries. Once encountered, this adverse outcome can have serious impacts on speech and swallowing. We present here our institution's experience with delayed cranial neuropathies following primary radiation therapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, as well as document the only reported case following IMRT.
808 nm Wavelength Light Induces a Dose‐Dependent Alteration in Microglial Polarization and Resultant Microglial Induced Neurite Growth
Authors: von Leden Ramona E. , Cooney Sean J. , Ferrara Teresa M. , Zhao Yujia , Dalgard Clifton L. , Anders Juanita J. , Byrnes Kimberly R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveDespite the success of using photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low level light therapy, in promoting recovery after central nervous system (CNS) injury, the effect of PBM on microglia, the primary mediators of immune and inflammatory response in the CNS, remains unclear. Microglia exhibit a spectrum of responses to injury, with partial or full polarization into pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory phenotypes. Pro‐inflammatory (M1 or classically activated) microglia contribute to chronic inflammation and neuronal toxicity, while anti‐inflammatory (M2 or alternatively activated) microglia play a role in wound healing and tissue repair; microglia can fall anywhere along this spectrum in response to stimulation.Materials and MethodsThe effect of PBM on microglial polarization therefore was investigated using colorimetric assays, immunocytochemistry, proteomic profiling and RT‐PCR in vitro after exposure of primary microglia or BV2 microglial cell line to PBM of differing energy densities (0.2, 4, 10, and 30 J/cm2, 808 nm wavelength, 50 mW output power).ResultsPBM has a dose‐dependent effect on the spectrum of microglial M1 and M2 polarization. Specifically, PBM with energy densities between 4 and 30 J/cm2 induced expression of M1 markers in microglia. Markers of the M2 phenotype, including CD206 and TIMP1, were observed at lower energy densities of 0.2–10 J/cm2. In addition, co‐culture of PBM or control‐treated microglia with primary neuronal cultures demonstrated a dose‐dependent effect of PBM on microglial‐induced neuronal growth and neurite extension.ConclusionThese data suggest that the Arndt–Schulz law as applied to PBM for a specific bioassay does not hold true in cells with a spectrum of responses, and that PBM can alter microglial phenotype across this spectrum in a dose‐dependent manner. These data are therefore of important relevance to not only therapies in the CNS but also to understanding of PBM effects and mechanisms. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Operator Independent Focused High Frequency ISM Band for Fat Reduction: Porcine Model
Authors: Weiss Robert , Weiss Margaret , Beasley Karen , Vrba Jan , Bernardy Jan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundSelective fat reduction has been clearly shown for various methods and energy modalities including cryolipolysis and high intensity focused thermal ultrasound. Mathematical modeling of focused high frequency of the EM spectrum has indicated that selective heating of fat is possible using wavelengths not previous explored. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate in the porcine model that selective heating of fat is possible with a non‐contact, operator independent device.MethodsHigh frequencies of the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) RF band were utilized to reduce abdominal fat in a porcine model. Practical application of mathematical modeling allowed an auto‐feedback loop to be developed to allow operator independent adjustment of energy to maintain subcutaneous fat at 45–46°C while overlying skin remained at 40–41°C.ResultsTreatments of three Vietnamese pigs were performed under anesthesia in a certified veterinary facility. Gross and microscopic histologic results demonstrated a marked reduction in adipocytes of the treated area after 4 treatments of a total of 30 minutes each, with incremental fat diminution after each treatment. A final 70% reduction of the abdominal fat layer was seen in the treated areas. Duplex ultrasound revealed a reduction of fat layer from 7.6 to 2.9 mm. Histologic evaluation revealed that epidermis, dermis, and adnexal structures such as hair follicles were unaffected by the treatment, while adipocytes were significantly affected.ConclusionA new model of fat reduction using high frequency RF has been successfully achieved in a porcine model. This has very positive implications in the development of an operator independent, contact free device for reduction of fat in clinical practice. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimally Invasive Bipolar Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment Upregulates Anti‐Senescence Pathways
Authors: Rangarajan Sachin , Trivedi Apexa , Ubeid Anan Abu , Hantash Basil M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe sirtuin gene family has been implicated in various anti‐senescence pathways. Its connection, if any, with the skin wound healing response has yet to be elucidated.ObjectiveThe goal of our study was to better understand the effects of FRF treatment on the sirtuin anti‐senescence pathway in skin.MethodsHuman abdominal skin was treated with FRF, and then harvested at 0, 2, 14, and 28 days post‐treatment to assess for temporal changes in gene expression levels.ResultsDecreased levels of SIRT1, 3, 5, and 7 were observed immediately post‐FRF treatment. By Day 2, SIRT1, 6, and 7 expressions increased 50–100%. SIRT6 and 7 expression continued to increase through Day 28. Expression levels of apoptosis genes FoxO3 and p53 decreased, while Bax levels increased by Day 28.ConclusionsOur results raise the possibility that sirtuin activity may be used as an accurate corollary to clinical improvement in skin quality. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Light Emitting Diode (LED) Based Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging System for Optimization of Photodynamic Therapy of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: Quantitative Reflectance Imaging
Authors: Saager R. B. , Cuccia D. J. , Saggese S. , Kelly K. M. , Durkin A. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) offers the potential for enhanced treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) with minimal scarring. Yet, PDT has not achieved consistent long term effectiveness to gain widespread clinical acceptance for treatment of skin cancer. Therapeutic response varies between practitioners, patients and lesions. One important contributing factor is the absence of quantitative tools to perform in vivo dosimetry. To this end, we have developed a new quantitative imaging device that can be used to investigate parameters related to optimizing dosimetry.MethodsWe present a spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) based device designed to: (1) determine the optical properties at the therapeutic wavelength, which can inform variations in light penetration depth and (2) measure the spatially resolved oxygen saturation of the skin cancer lesions and surrounding tissue. We have applied this system to a preliminary clinical study of nine skin cancer lesions.ResultsOptical properties vary greatly both spatially [101%, 48% for absorption and reduced scattering, respectively] and across patients [102%, 57%]. Blood volume maps determined using visible wavelengths (460, 525, and 630 nm) represent tissue volumes within ∼1 mm in tissue (1.17 ± 0.3 mm). Here the average total hemoglobin concentration is approximately three times greater in the lesion than that detected in normal tissue, reflecting increased vasculature typically associated with tumors. Data acquired at near infrared wavelengths (730 and 850 nm) reports tissue blood concentrations and oxygenations from the underlying dermal microvasculature (volumes reaching 4.36 ± 1.32 mm into tissue).ConclusionsSFDI can be used to quantitatively characterize in vivo tissue optical properties that could be useful for better informing PDT treatment parameters. Specifically, this information provides spatially resolved insight into light delivery into tissue and local tissue oxygenation, thereby providing more quantitative and controlled dosimetry specific to the lesion. Ultimately, by optimizing the execution of PDT, this instrument has the potential to positively improve treatment outcomes. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:XX–XX, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polyaniline–Polypyrrole Composites with Enhanced Hydrogen Storage Capacities
Authors: Attia Nour F. , Geckeler Kurt E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA facile method for the synthesis of polyaniline–polypyrrole composite materials with network morphology is developed based on polyaniline nanofibers covered by a thin layer of polypyrrole via vapor phase polymerization. The hydrogen storage capacity of the composites is evaluated at room temperature exhibits a twofold increase in hydrogen storage capacity. The HCl‐doped polyaniline nanofibers exhibit a storage capacity of 0.46 wt%, whereas the polyaniline–polypyrrole composites could store 0.91 wt% of hydrogen gas. In addition, the effect of the dopant type, counteranion size, and the doping with palladium nanoparticles on the storage properties are also investigated.magnified image
Smart Molecularly Imprinted Polymers: Recent Developments and Applications
Authors: Ge Yi , Butler Benjamin , Mirza Farhan , Habib‐Ullah Sabeeh , Fei Dan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe use of the molecular imprinting technique to produce polymers with high specificity for a given “molecular template” has undergone a rapid and expansive evolution since the inception of the idea over half a century ago. It was only a matter of time before the seemingly inevitable “marriage” of this concept with another modern research obsession, the generation of “smart” polymers, capable of reacting quickly, accurately and reproducibly to changes in their environment. Many advances have since been made, concerning the quality and diversity of these systems and polymers responsive to temperature, pH and a host of other environmental cues now exist. This article provides a succinct overview of the process and outcomes of “smart” molecular imprinting, followed by a detailed assessment of recent developments and applications in such field.magnified image
The role of ERK2 in colorectal carcinogenesis is partly regulated by TRAPPC4
Authors: Weng Yu‐Rong , Kong Xuan , Yu Ya‐Nan , Wang Ying‐Chao , Hong Jie , Zhao Shu‐Liang , Fang Jing‐Yuan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important cell proliferation pathway. We previously reported that the transport protein particle complex 4 (TRAPPC4), ERK2 interaction may activate ERK1/2, modulate pERK2 nuclear localization and regulate proliferation and apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The present study further investigated the function of the TRAPPC4–ERK2 interaction in CRC in vitro and in vivo. Silencing of TRAPPC4 induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, upregulated p21 and downregulated cyclin B1 in CRC cells. Overexpression of TRAPPC4 after ERK2 silencing decreased the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells, increased the percentage of G2/M and S phase cells, downregulated p21, upregulated cyclin B1, and enhanced CRC cell viability. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that knockdown of TRAPPC4 downregulated pERK2, whereas overexpression of TRAPPC4 upregulated pERK2. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated upregulation of TRAPPC4 and pERK2 in SW1116 cells; EGF stimulation or overexpression of TRAPPC4 induced pERK2 nuclear translocation. Silencing of TRAPPC4 reduced SW1116 xenograft tumor growth in vivo, whereas overexpression of TRAPPC4 increased tumor growth, compared to control tumors. Moreover, modulation of TRAPPC4 expression in vivo affected the levels of pERK2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus and expression of p21. These results conclusively demonstrate that TRAPPC4 regulates ERK2 activation and also affects the distribution of activated pERK2 in CRC cells. The ability of ERK2 to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis depends, at least in part, on TRAPPC4. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐power photonic control of a microwave ring resonator using bulk illumination
Authors: Shirazi‐Hosseinidokht Mohammad Ali , Hossein‐Zadeh Mani 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe demonstrate the feasibility of bulk illumination technique for low‐power photonic control of RF resonance.Using this technique, the transmitted RF power through a microstripline‐ring filter on a junction‐less silicon substrate is changed by 11 dB with less than 2 mW of interacting optical power. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:1594–1599, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27606