bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential DNA damage signalling and apoptotic threshold correlate with mouse epiblast-specific hypersensitivity to radiation
Authors: Laurent Audrey , Blasi Francesco 
Published: September 2015

Between implantation and gastrulation, the mouse pluripotent epiblast cells expand enormously and exhibit a remarkable hypersensitivity to DNA damage. Upon low dose irradiation, they undergo mitotic arrest followed by p53-dependent apoptosis, while the other cell types simply arrest. This protective mechanism, active exclusively after e5.5 and lost during gastrulation, ensures the elimination of every mutated cell before its clonal expansion, and is therefore expected to greatly increase individuals' fitness.We show that the insurgence of apoptosis relies on the epiblast-specific convergence of both increased DNA damage signalling and stronger pro-apoptotic balance. Although upstream Atm/Atr global activity and specific γH2AX phosphorylation are similar in all cell types of the embryo, 53BP1 recruitment at DNA breaks is immediately amplified only in epiblast cells after ionizing radiation. This correlates with a rapid epiblast-specific activation of p53 and its transcriptional properties. Moreover, between e5.5 and e6.5, epiblast cells lower their apoptotic threshold by overexpressing pro-apoptotic Bak and Bim and repressing the anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL. Thus even after low dose irradiation, the cytoplasmic priming of epiblast cells allows p53 to rapidly induce apoptosis via a partially transcription-independent mechanism.
Design and Control of Public-Service Contracts and an Application to Public Transportation Systems
Authors: Lodi Andrea , Malaguti Enrico , Stier-Moses Nicolás E. , Bonino Tommaso 
Published: September 2015

Until the end of the 20th century it was common that cities organized, financed, and managed their own public transportation systems. More recently (in Italy mainly during the last decade), many countries liberalized the service provision of public transportation. Although offering local public transportation is a political and financial duty of governments, the service provision is outsourced to a private operator, while the government retains a control position, given to a regulatory agency. This is a common scheme not only in transportation. In close collaboration with the public transportation agency of the city of Bologna, Italy, we designed a methodology to optimize some aspects of the contractual relationship between that agency and the bus operator. We focus on the fines specified by the contract when the operator fails to comply with the service level it has agreed to provide, and on a procedure to measure that service level. Our approach has the advantage that it aligns the incentives of both parties to the benefit of bus riders. We model the agency–operator relationship as a multistage game and find its equilibrium to establish the best operating regime. The game-theoretical approach provides expressions for the fines that the operator should be charged if it does not satisfy the contracted services, and for the optimal agency’s budget to devote to control activities. Second, to check the compliance of the operator with the schedule specified by the contract in a resource-efficient way, we compute how to position the agency’s employees to verify if buses are running according to the specifications of the contract. This is achieved by counting bus services and by checking other quality indicators. We formulate this NP-hard problem as a mixed integer linear program and propose an algorithm to solve it that is effective in providing itineraries for the controllers working for the agency. This paper was accepted by Dimitris Bertsimas, optimization.
Does Regulatory Certification Affect the Information Content of Credit Ratings?
Authors: Bruno Valentina , Cornaggia Jess , Cornaggia Kimberly J. 
Published: September 2015

We exploit an investor-paid rating agency’s designation as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO) to test whether this certification affects the agency’s information production. We use a certified issuer-paid agency as a benchmark and find robust evidence that the investor-paid agency’s ratings policy—both timelier and more symmetric with respect to positive and negative information—persists after it became certified for regulatory compliance. Our results suggest that ratings policy is more a function of rating agency compensation structure than the NRSRO certification by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Blinding Us to the Obvious? The Effect of Statistical Training on the Evaluation of Evidence
Authors: McShane Blakeley B. , Gal David 
Published: September 2015

Statistical training helps individuals analyze and interpret data. However, the emphasis placed on null hypothesis significance testing in academic training and reporting may lead researchers to interpret evidence dichotomously rather than continuously. Consequently, researchers may either disregard evidence that fails to attain statistical significance or undervalue it relative to evidence that attains statistical significance. Surveys of researchers across a wide variety of fields (including medicine, epidemiology, cognitive science, psychology, business, and economics) show that a substantial majority does indeed do so. This phenomenon is manifest both in researchers’ interpretations of descriptions of evidence and in their likelihood judgments. Dichotomization of evidence is reduced though still present when researchers are asked to make decisions based on the evidence, particularly when the decision outcome is personally consequential. Recommendations are offered. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Plutarch’s Sympotic Forge and a Variant Reading in P.Oxy. LXXVIII 5156
Authors: Brusuelas James , Meccariello Chiara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractP.Oxy. LXVIII 5156, a second century witness to Plutarch’s Quaestiones Convivales, reads τηρε[ῖ instead of the mediaeval manuscripts’ ποιεῖ at 660 c 7. The passage suggests a parallel between the effect of conversation on wine drinking and that of marble on heated iron during a puzzling metallurgical process. In this paper we identify and explain this process in the context of ancient ironworking technology, and discuss the two readings and their implications for the understanding of the simile.
Computerized Station For Semi-Automated Testing Image Intensifier Tubes
Authors: Chrzanowski Krzysztof 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Testing of image intensifier tubes is still done using mostly manual methods due to a series of both technical and legal problems with test automation. Computerized stations for semi-automated testing of IITs are considered as novelty and are under continuous improvements. This paper presents a novel test station that enables semi-automated measurement of image intensifier tubes. Wide test capabilities and advanced design solutions rise the developed test station significantly above the current level of night vision metrology.
Construction Of A Piezoelectric-Based Resonance Ceramic Pressure Sensor Designed For High-Temperature Applications
Authors: Belavič Darko , Bradeško Andraž , Zarnik Marina Santo , Rojac Tadej 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this work the design aspects of a piezoelectric-based resonance ceramic pressure sensor made using low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology and designed for high-temperature applications is presented. The basic pressure-sensor structure consists of a circular, edge-clamped, deformable diaphragm that is bonded to a ring, which is part of the rigid ceramic structure. The resonance pressure sensor has an additional element – a piezoelectric actuator – for stimulating oscillation of the diaphragm in the resonance-frequency mode. The natural resonance frequency is dependent on the diaphragm construction (i.e., its materials and geometry) and on the actuator. This resonance frequency then changes due to the static deflection of the diaphragm caused by the applied pressure. The frequency shift is used as the output signal of the piezoelectric resonance pressure sensor and makes it possible to measure the static pressure. The characteristics of the pressure sensor also depend on the temperature, i.e., the temperature affects both the ceramic structure (its material and geometry) and the properties of the actuator. This work is focused on the ceramic structure, while the actuator will be investigated later.
A Novel Design Of An NTC Thermistor Linearization Circuit
Authors: Lukić Jelena , Denić Dragan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
A novel design of a circuit used for NTC thermistor linearization is proposed. The novelty of the proposed design consists in a specific combination of two linearization circuits, a serial-parallel resistive voltage divider and a two-stage piecewise linear analog-to-digital converter. At the output of the first linearization circuit the quasi-linear voltage is obtained. To remove the residual voltage nonlinearity, the second linearization circuit, i.e., a two-stage piecewise linear analog-to-digital converter is employed. This circuit is composed of two flash analog-to-digital converters. The first analog-to-digital converter is piecewise linear and it is actually performing the linearization, while the second analog-to-digital converter is linear and it is performing the reduction of the quantization error introduced by the first converter. After the linearization is performed, the maximal absolute value of a difference between the measured and real temperatures is 0.014°C for the temperature range between −25 and 75°C, and 0.001°C for the temperature range between 10 and 40°C.
Puzzle task ERP response: time-frequency and source localization analysis
Authors: Almurshedi Ahmed , Ismail Abd Khamim 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Perceptual decision making depends on the choices available for the presented task. Most event-related
potential (ERP) experiments are designed with two options, such as YES or NO. In some cases, however, subjects
may become confused about the presented task in such a way that they cannot provide a behavioral response.
This study aims to put subjects into such a puzzled state in order to address the following questions: How does
the brain respond during puzzling moments? And what is the brain’s response to a non-answerable task? To
address these questions, ERP were acquired from the brain during a scintillation grid illusion task. The subjects
were required to count the number of illusory dots, a task that was impossible to perform. The results showed
the presence of N130 over the parietal area during the puzzling task. Coherency among the brain hemispheres
was enhanced with the complexity of the task. The neural generators’ source localizations were projected to
a multimodal complex covering the left postcentral gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and angular gyrus. This study
concludes that the brain component N130 is strongly related to perception in a puzzling task network but not
the visual processing network.
Managing Hand Injury Risk – Perspective of International Well Servicing Company
Authors: Chen Shen , Leong Weng Fei , Wells Mike , Kennedy Reggie 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Hand injury risk is a concern in many organizations across the upstream oil and gas industry. Despite strong focus on hand safety, hand injuries continue to occur in high numbers due to the very hands-on nature of the industry both on the rig floor as well as throughout the many processes supporting exploration and production activities. A total approach to manage hand injury risk is required to look at hand injury risk from a lifecycle approach with the aim of making hands-on job hands-free. In this paper, the authors explore a fit-for-purpose program that addresses the challenges of reducing hand injuries by communicating and implementing a simplified and easy-to-understand set of rules to govern risks to hand injuries in a total approach. This holistic approach focuses on the hearts and mind effort to change mindsets that hands on practices can be done safer through alternative work methods and also developing and implementing new ways of performing high risk hands on jobs. Ideas to improve hand hazards recognition through innovative risk assessment methodologies like video risk assessments and hand hazard picture books will further help to reinforce the hearts and mind effort. Eliminating hand injuries is possible and putting the right focus and strategy will go a long way in making the industry safer for the hands that work in it.
Streamline-Based History Matching of Arrival Times and Bottomhole Pressure Data for Multicomponent Compositional Systems
Authors: Tanaka Shusei , Kam Dongjae , Datta-Gupta Akhil , King Michael J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Streamline-based history matching techniques have provided significant capabilities in integrating field-scale water-cut and tracer data into high resolution geologic models. The effectiveness of the streamline approach lies in the fact that parameter sensitivities can be computed analytically as one-dimensional integrals along streamlines and requires little additional computational overhead beyond the forward simulation. However, application of the streamline-based approach for simultaneous integration of water-cut and bottomhole pressure has been rather limited. This is partly because the convective streamlines appear to offer no particular advantage while computing parameter sensitivities for the bottomhole pressure data. This limits the utility of streamline-based history matching particularly for three-phase black-oil and compositional systems where the integration of pressure data is a requirement to accurately model reservoir depletion mechanisms.
In this paper we first introduce a novel semi-analytic approach to compute the sensitivity of the bottomhole pressure data with respect to grid block properties. The approach takes advantage of the streamline trajectories and yields results that are comparable to sensitivities computed from adjoint methods, at a fraction of the computational cost. The bottomhole pressure sensitivities can be easily integrated with the water-cut, gas oil ratio or composition sensitivities for a joint inversion of pressure data using high resolution geologic models. An iterative least squared method (LSQR) is used to minimize a penalized objective function that includes the data misfit and appropriate ‘norm’ and ‘roughness’ penalty terms to preserve the prior model characteristics during the inversion. The proposed approach is well suited for both streamline and finite difference methods with access to streamlines, and has been generalized for application to three-phase and compositional systems by integrating water-cut, gas oil ratio, and bottomhole pressure data. We demonstrate the power and utility of our proposed method using synthetic and field examples. The synthetic examples include black-oil and compositional cases involving gas injection. The streamline-based sensitivities are compared with adjoint methods for verification purposes. We then apply the method to the Brugge benchmark case and the Norne field to demonstrate the practical feasibility of the proposed method.
A Comparison of Air Emission Estimation Protocols for Drilling Rigs
Authors: Stuver S. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Since the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality has determined that the Eagle Ford and its supporting industry will be included in future air emission inventories, it is crucial that the most accurate and cost effective methods for determining air emissions of drilling operations be identified. Estimation is the preferred method for creating regional emission inventories since direct measurement of diesel engine exhaust is often cost prohibitive. These estimations are commonly calculated using engine load, conservatively estimated at 100%. This introduces considerable error in the emissions inventory since electric rigs are rarely run at full load and drilling operators do not record engine activity. Conducting an air emission inventory of drilling rigs requires a novel way to estimate emissions without relying on engine load as a primary variable. With this in mind the research team employed an estimation method based on fuel consumption rather than horsepower. Fuel use data is readily available on drilling sites and so more accurately reflects the engine activity of electric rigs in drilling operations. This study finds that emissions calculated using different estimation methods can vary from 9 to 106 pounds per hour of NOx, but that the fuel consumption method offers an opportunity for more accurate assessment of regional emission inventories.
Using Association Rule Mining and High-Dimensional Visualization to Explore the Impact of Geological Features on Dynamic Flow Behavior
Authors: Suzuki Satomi , Stern Dave , Manzocchi Tom 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Due to computational advances in reservoir simulation utilizing high performance computing, it is now possible to simulate more than thousands of reservoir simulation cases in a practical time frame. This opens a new avenue to reservoir simulation studies, enabling exhaustive exploration of subsurface uncertainty and development/depletion options. However, analyzing the results of a large number of simulation cases still remains a challenging and overwhelming task. We propose a new method that enables the efficient analysis of massive reservoir simulation results, often consisting of thousands of cases, by discovering interesting patterns of relationships among variables in large datasets. The method uses a well-known data mining method, called association rule mining, together with a high-dimensional visualization technique. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed method by utilizing it to analyze the reservoir simulation results from the SAIGUP (Sensitivity Analysis of the Impact of Geological Uncertainty on Production) project, which is an interdisciplinary reservoir modeling project carried out by Manzocchi et al. earlier. To investigate the influence of geological features on oil recovery in shallow marine reservoirs, numerous reservoir models were built and flow-simulated in the SAIGUP project. In this paper, we analyze the simulation results from an ensemble of 9072 models, which cover all possible combinations of several structural and sedimentological parameters individually varied to describe geological uncertainty. To be able to analyze the simulation results from such exhaustive sampling from high-dimensional model parameter space, it is crucial to efficiently decompose complex interactions between model parameters and discover hidden impacts on flow response. By coupling the association rule mining algorithm and high-dimensional visualization, such interactions and impacts are rapidly extracted and visualized in such a way that engineers and geoscientists can interpret meaningful sensitivities “at a glance”. This methodology provides a novel way to rapidly interpret flow response from large ensemble of reservoir models without being overwhelmed by massive data. It is also applicable for the analysis of production data from unconventional wells consisting of more than thousands.
A Real Time Chemical Monitoring Platform for Inventory and Usage
Authors: Piovesan C. M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Automation for chemical application usage and inventory on offshore platforms and other facilities requires proactive monitoring of surface equipment and application dosage. Non-productive time (NPT) can be the result of system failures or production equipment. Equipment failures or lack of chemical inventory can impact the fixed surface equipment on the rig floor that can also shut down drilling or production operations. Automation systems require real time data to be collated into knowledge to create actionable plans. Automation or management of the complex, software-dependent systems from multiple equipment vendors on the rig floor can therefore be a major proponent of productivity. Automation is beyond the pump sensor or on line monitoring, it is the combination of all sources of the data displayed together. The primary goal of the Real Time Chemical Monitoring System is to automate the chemical inventory and usage, such as dosage, during production in order to reduce equipment downtime and personnel-on-board (POB) requirements while increasing supply chain reliability, safety, regulatory compliance and environmental responsibility. This requires defining application or dosage levels that optimize chemical usage for costs and efficiencies, allowing early identification and intervention for pending lack of inventory and enabling supply chain management to react which takes into account multiple data point factors. The use of chemical inventory and usage monitoring has recently been proven on an offshore production platform and has reached a competent level of capability. The Real Time Chemical Monitoring System (CRTMS) applies best practices derived from numerous known case studies within the digital oilfield and to fixed surface equipment in order to reduce NPT. This solution brings together inventory and usage data from an automated field sensor and data capture network developed to be deployed for offshore operations. It utilizes unique data capture and management tools to monitor the equipment and give alerts when the usage is out of parameters. Results of the data collection are delivered in a web based secure visual dashboard from multiple aggregated data streams. A recent prototype installation utilizes data streams from a major offshore drilling platform with a collection of multiple offshore sensor units and an onshore operational performance center at a leading oilfield operator company to demonstrate the viability of this approach for both offshore and remote onshore operations. The success of this proof of concept demonstrates that disparate data from multiple equipment vendors can be gathered from remote locations, analyzed and distilled into actionable items, and displayed in order to support proactive decisions by a distributed pool of subject matter experts.