bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge About Hospice Care and Beliefs About Pain Management
Authors: Carrion Iraida V. , Cagle John G. , Van Dussen Daniel J. , Culler Krystal L. , Hong Seokho 
Published: June 2014

Context: Among Hispanics, incomplete knowledge about hospice care may explain low rates of utilization and culturally-specific beliefs about pain and pain treatments may contribute to disparities in pain management. Objectives: To compare (1) knowledge and attitudes regarding hospice, (2) and beliefs about pain and pain medication between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Methods: A cross-sectional phone-based survey of adults living in the contiguous United States was conducted using randomly selected phone numbers with over-sampling for diversity. Measures assessed knowledge (a 23-item test), attitudes (an 8-item scale), experiences, preferences related to hospice and beliefs regarding pain and pain management. Results: 123 individuals participated in the survey, 13% of whom were Hispanic. Hispanics were less likely to have heard of hospice are ( p <. 001) and, among those who had, more likely to have inaccurate information about it ( p = .05). Specifically, Hispanics were more likely to report that only individuals over age 65 are eligible for hospice services, which is incorrect (44% vs. 93% of non-Hispanics; p=.001). Only 67% of Hispanics knew that hospice helps family members as well as the dying person. More Hispanics (43%) than non-Hispanics (9.3%) reported that admitting pain is a sign of weakness ( p < .001). A greater proportion of Hispanic respondents agreed that a good patient does not talk about pain ( p = .07): 38% vs. 18% from non-Hispanics. Conclusion: Despite the increasing knowledge of hospice care among Hispanics, specific information about the scope of services remains limited. Cultural beliefs about pain management, along with inadequate knowledge of the role of pain management at end of life, persist.
Rapid Induction of Hypothermia by the ThermoSuit System Profoundly Reduces Infarct Size and Anatomic Zone of No Reflow Following Ischemia–Reperfusion in Rabbit and Rat Hearts
Authors: Herring Michael J. , Dai Wangde , Hale Sharon L. , Kloner Robert A. 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Although hypothermia reduces myocardial infarct size, noninvasive and rapid cooling methods are lacking. This study tests the effectiveness of a novel cooling apparatus on myocardial infarct size and no-reflow area in 2 models of coronary artery occlusion (CAO). Methods and Results: Animals were randomized to normothermic (N) or hypothermic (H) groups after isolation of a proximal coronary artery. Animals were subjected to 30 minutes CAO and 3 hours reperfusion. In protocol 1 (rabbit, n = 8 per group), hypothermia was initiated, using the ThermoSuit apparatus (convective-immersion cooling), 5 minutes after the onset of CAO to a goal temperature of ∼32°C. In protocol 2 (rat, n = 5 per group), hypothermia was initiated 2 minutes after the onset of CAO to a goal temperature of ∼30°C. Goal temperature was reached in ∼20 minutes. In protocol 1, hypothermia caused an 82% reduction in infarct size as a percentage of the ischemic risk zone (N, 44% ± 5%; H; 8% ± 2%, P < 0.001) and an 89% reduction in the no-reflow area (N, 44% ± 4%; H, 5% ± 1%, P < 0.001). In protocol 2, hypothermia caused a 73% infarct size reduction (N, 51% ± 5%; H, 14% ± 6%, P < 0.01) and a 99% reduction in the no-reflow area (N, 33% ± 5%; H, 0.4% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: The ThermoSuit device induced rapid hypothermia and limited infarct size and no reflow to the greatest extent ever observed in this laboratory with a single intervention.
The Combination of Elevated Triglycerides and Abnormal Fasting Glucose Increases Risk of Cerebral Infarction in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Nakagami Tomoko , Nishimura Rimei , Sone Hirohito , Tajima Naoko 
Published: June 2014

Background: While triglycerides (TGs) and diabetes increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), their combined effects have not been quantified. We explored the combined effect of elevated TGs and glucose on CVD in a post hoc analysis of the large-scale Management of Elevated Cholesterol in the Primary Prevention Group of Adult Japanese (MEGA) Study. Material and Methods: In the MEGA Study, 8214 patients with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly allocated to the diet alone group or diet plus pravastatin group and followed for 5 years. Of those, 7832 patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis were stratified into 4 groups: abnormal fasting glucose (AFG) plus high TGs, high TGs alone, AFG alone, and normal fasting glucose plus normal TGs (reference). Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the incidence of and mortality from CVD in the 4 groups. Results: Incidence of CVD and coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the groups with AFG alone (hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 and 3.38; P < .01, respectively) and AFG plus high TGs (HR, 2.87 and 3.87; P < .01, respectively) than the reference group. A similar relation was found in models adjusting for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Although the incidence of cerebral infarction was significantly higher only in the group with AFG plus high TGs (HR, 2.16; P = .01), it was marginally significantly higher than the reference group after adjustment for HDL-C (HR, 1.86; P = .06). Diet plus pravastatin treatment reduced the risk of cerebral infarction by 66% in the group with AFG plus high TGs ( P = .03). Conclusions: Our findings contribute to the formulation of the hypothesis that patients with hypercholesterolemia having AFG plus high TGs have an increased risk of cerebral infarction. These are compatible with the result from the main study that patients with hypercholesterolemia randomized to diet plus pravastatin had a reduced risk of cerebral infarction.
Clinical Presentation of Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease as a Result of Mutation in Exon 12 of the PSEN-1 Gene
Authors: Klimkowicz-Mrowiec Aleksandra , Bodzioch M. , Szczudlik A. , Slowik A. 
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Mutations in the gene for presenilin 1 ( PSEN-1) cause familial, early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD). Diagnosis of EOAD is often a challenge because of the high frequency of atypical presentations. Clinical manifestation of EOAD may vary depending on underlying mutation; specific genetic mutations influence development of specific clinical phenotypes; however, intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity has also been noted in some pedigrees. Case presentation: We report a case of a 36-year-old woman presenting with progressive behavioral disturbances, dementia, involuntary movements, pyramidal signs, epilepsy, and a family history of early-onset dementia accompanied by involuntary movements. On genetic testing, the mutation at codon 424 (Leu→Arg) in PSEN-1 gene was identified. Conclusion: Our case describes a new phenotype of a known mutation of PSEN-1 at codon 424.
Acupuncture Stimulation of Taichong (Liv3) and Hegu (LI4) Modulates the Default Mode Network Activity in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Liang Peipeng , Wang Zhiqun , Qian Tianyi , Li Kuncheng 
Published: June 2014

Objectives: The acupuncture has been used in the therapy of Alzheimer disease (AD), however, its neural underpins are still unclear. The aim of this study is to examine the acupuncture effect on the default mode network (DMN) in AD by using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI). Methods: Twenty-eight subjects (14 AD and 14 normal controls (NC)) participated in this study. RS-fMRI data were acquired before and after acupuncture, while during the acupuncture, the procession of acupuncture stimulation on the acupoints of Tai chong (Liv3) and Hegu (LI4) lasted for 3 minutes. Results: Region of interest analysis showed that the impaired DMN connectivity in AD (identified by comparing the pre-acupuncture RS-fMRI of AD and NC), specifically the left cingulate gyrus (CG) and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL), were significantly changed for the better. The whole-brain exploratory analysis further demonstrated these results and found some new regions respond to the acupuncture effect on AD, with a cluster in the left posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) together with right IPL showed increased within-DMN connectivity; and the bilateral CG and left PCu showed decreased within-DMN connectivity. Moreover, the acupuncture effect on the right MTG was significantly correlated with disease severity as measured by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores. Conclusion: It was found that the acupuncture stimulation could modulate the DMN activity in AD. The current findings suggest that the acupuncture treatment on the relative earlier AD patients might have a better therapy effect.
Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of people with type 2 diabetes as related to self-management practices: Results of a cross-sectional study conducted in Luzon, Philippines
Authors: Ku Grace Marie V , Kegels Guy 
Published: June 2014

Objective This study measured factors that could be associated with self-management practices of people with type 2 diabetes from two different health systems in the Philippines in terms of diabetes knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of support and self-efficacy, and obesity/adiposity. Methods Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, obesity/adiposity measures, adherence to medications, diabetes diet, and exercise and the number of diabetes consultations of people with type 2 diabetes utilizing services of two different health systems were collected. Analysis of variance was used to determine differences in knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, obesity/adiposity, and demographic characteristics according to: proper/under-utilization of services; adherence/non-adherence to medications, diet and exercise; high/low perceived self-efficacy; and the health systems. Logistic regression was done to identify any associations with obesity/adiposity, self-management practices, and perceived self-efficacy. Results There were 549 respondents. Differences in knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and some demographic characteristics between the two health systems and between those with high/low self-efficacy perceptions were significant. Perceived self-efficacy was significantly associated with all four self-management practices. Conclusions/Interpretations People consulting at the health service with a more supportive system had better perceived self-efficacy and self-care behavior. Higher knowledge, attitude, and perception scores were noted among those with better self-efficacy perceptions, which was associated with better self-care behavior.
Atropine first is safer than conventional atropine administration in older people undergoing dobutamine stress echocardiography
Authors: Shehata Mohamed 
Published: June 2014

Objective: Early injection of atropine during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) has been demonstrated in retrospective analyses to reduce the duration and dose of dobutamine infusion, while preserving a similar diagnostic accuracy with a lower incidence of adverse effects. This study explores the safety of using atropine as a start drug before dobutamine infusion (ADSE protocol) in comparison with the conventional protocol (DASE protocol) in older patients undergoing DSE for ischemia evaluation. Methods: One hundred consecutive older patients were prospectively enrolled. When eligible, they were randomly assigned to undergo either the DASE protocol (group A, 50 patients) or the ADSE protocol (group B, 50 patients) when atropine (1.0 mg) was first administered 3 min before dobutamine infusion followed by 0.5 mg increments (maximum 1.0 mg) thereafter. Patients were monitored for adverse drug effects. Test duration was calculated. Results: The mean age of the whole study cohort was 67.8 ± 4.3 years and 58 (58%) were men. Patients in group A had longer test duration (21.8 ± 1.3 versus 13.7 ± 0.77 min, p < 0.001) and higher mean dobutamine infusion rate (39 ± 8.2 versus 28.2 ± 9.5 μg/kg/min, p < 0.001). The two groups received a similar total dose of atropine. Group A patients showed significantly higher incidence of extrasystoles, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia and severe hypotension ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: In older patients undergoing DSE, using atropine as a start drug, that is, adopting the ADSE protocol, is associated with shorter test duration, lower mean dobutamine infusion rate and consequently fewer adverse effects.
Racial and insurance disparities in the utilization of supportive care after inpatient admission for proximal humerus fracture
Authors: Menendez Mariano E , Ring David 
Published: June 2014

Background Post-discharge supportive services such as home health assistance and rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities are often utilized after inpatient care for fracture of the proximal humerus. It is unclear whether sociodemographic disparities exist in the utilization of post-hospital supportive care. The present study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined effects of race and insurance status on the utilization of supportive services after hospital admission for fracture of the proximal humerus. Methods Among the more than 40,000 patients with a proximal humerus fracture identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2008 to 2011), 85% were white, 7.7% were Hispanic and 7.0% were black. More black patients (19%) and Hispanic patients (15%) were uninsured compared to white patients (8.7%). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the effect of race/ethnicity and insurance status on the utilization of post-hospital supportive care. Results Sixty-nine percent of patients were discharged home, 13% went to home health care and 15% went to rehabilitation or skilled nursing facilities. Compared to white patients, Hispanic patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.64 to 0.79] and black patients (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.71 to 0.88) exhibited lower odds for the utilization of specialized post-hospital supportive services. Uninsured patients were significantly less likely to use post-discharge supportive services (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.42) compared to privately insured patients. Even when insured at levels comparable to whites, Hispanic and black patients tended to experience decreased rates of discharge to post-acute supportive care. Conclusions The utilization of post-hospital supportive services varies by race, ethnicity and insurance status after an inpatient admission for proximal humerus fracture.
The Rho-kinase inhibitor HA-1077 suppresses proliferation/migration and induces apoptosis of urothelial cancer cells
Authors: Abe Hideyuki , Kamai Takao , Hayashi Keitaro , Anzai Naohiko , Shirataki Hiromichi , Mizuno Tomoya , Yamaguchi Yoshiyuki , Masuda Akinori , Yuki Hideo , Betsunoh Hironori , Yashi Masahiro , Fukabori Yoshitatsu , Yoshida Ken-Ichiro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Activation of Rho, one of the small GTPases, and its major downstream target Rho-kinase (ROCK) promotes the development and metastasis of cancer. We previously showed that elevation of Rho and ROCK expression was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis, and an unfavorable prognosis in patients with urothelial cancer of the bladder or upper urinary tract.

Methods
We investigated the effects of a ROCK inhibitor on the growth, migration, and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells. We also examined phosphorylation of RhoA (RhoA activity) by measuring its GTP-bound active form and assessed the expression of ROCK to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Results
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) induced an increase of cell proliferation and migration in association with promotion of RhoA activity and upregulation of ROCK expression. The ROCK inhibitor fasudil (HA-1077) suppressed cell proliferation and migration, and also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. HA-1077 dramatically suppressed the expression of ROCK-I and ROCK-II, but did not affect RhoA activity.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that ROCK could be a potential molecular target for the treatment of urothelial cancer.
A single aspergillus fumigatus intracranial abscess in an immunocompetent patient with parietal lobe tumorectomy
Authors: Bao Zhao-Shi , You Gan , Li Wen-Bin , Jiang Tao 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Aspergillosis of the central nervous system is a rare fungal infection that is mainly reported in patients with immune deficiency, such as AIDS patients and organ transplant patients treated with immunosuppressive agents, and is uncommon among patients with intact immune function. We report here a rare case of intracranial aspergillosis in a patient who had previously undergone a parietal lobe tumorectomy. Aspergillus fumigatus was confirmed by histopathology, and susceptibility tests reported that this infection should respond to voriconazole. We believe the immunosuppression resulting from surgical trauma and glucocorticosteroid treatment may be contributing to the infection, and therefore management of these two factors may improve the prognosis.
Age-Dependent Sensitization of Cutaneous Nociceptors during Developmental Inflammation
Authors: Jankowski Michael P , Ross Jessica L , Weber Jonathon D , Lee Frank B , Shank Aaron T , Hudgins Renita C 
Published: June 2014

Background: It is well-documented that neonates can experience pain after injury. However, the contribution of individual populations of sensory neurons to neonatal pain is not clearly understood. Here we characterized the functional response properties and neurochemical phenotypes of single primary afferents after injection of carrageenan into the hairy hindpaw skin using a neonatal ex vivo recording preparation. Results: During normal development, we found that individual afferent response properties are generally unaltered. However, at the time period in which some sensory neurons switch their neurotrophic factor responsiveness, we observe a functional switch in slowly conducting, broad spiking fibers (“C”-fiber nociceptors) from mechanically sensitive and thermally insensitive (CM) to polymodal (CPM). Cutaneous inflammation induced prior to this switch (postnatal day 7) specifically altered mechanical and heat responsiveness, and heat thresholds in fast conducting, broad spiking (“A”-fiber) afferents. Furthermore, hairy skin inflammation at P7 transiently delayed the functional shift from CM to CPM. Conversely, induction of cutaneous inflammation after the functional switch (at P14) caused an increase in mechanical and thermal responsiveness exclusively in the CM and CPM neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that inflammation at either time point induced TRPV1 expression in normally non-TRPV1 expressing CPMs. Realtime PCR and western blotting analyses revealed that specific receptors/channels involved in sensory transduction were differentially altered in the DRGs depending on whether inflammation was induced prior to or after the functional changes in afferent prevalence. Conclusion: These data suggest that the mechanisms of neonatal pain development may be generated by different afferent subtypes and receptors/channels in an age-related manner.
New approach to the differentiation of marble samples using thermal analysis and chemometrics in order to identify provenance
Authors: Gatta Tania , Gregori Emanuela , Marini Federico , Tomassetti Mauro , Visco Giovanni , Campanella Luigi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The possibility of applying a novel chemometric approach which could allow the differentiation of marble samples, all from different quarries located in the Mediterranean basin and frequently used in ancient times for artistic purposes, was investigated. By suggesting tentative or allowing to rule out unlikely attributions, this kind of differentiation could, indeed, be of valuable support to restorers and other professionals in the field of cultural heritage.
Experimental data were obtained only using thermal analytical techniques: Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA).

Results
The extraction of kinetic parameters from the curves obtained using these thermal analytical techniques allowed Activation Energy values to be evaluated together with the logarithm of the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor of the main TG-DTG process.
The main data thus obtained after subsequent chemometric evaluation (using Principal Components Analysis) have already proved useful in the identification the original quarry of a small number of archaeological marble finds.

Conclusion
One of the most evident advantages of the thermoanalytical – chemometric approach adopted seems to be that it allows the certain identification of an unknown find composed of a marble known to be present among the reference samples considered, that is, contained in the reference file. On the other hand with equal certainty it prevents the occurrence of erroneous or highly uncertain identification if the find being tested does not belong to the reference file considered.
The energy costs of wading in water
Authors: Halsey Lewis G. , Tyler Christopher J. , Kuliukas Algis V. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Studies measuring the energy costs of wading in water have been limited to higher walking speeds in straight lines, in deep water. However, much foraging in water, by both humans and other primates, is conducted in the shallows and at low speeds of locomotion that include elements of turning, as befits searching for cryptic or hidden foods within a patch. The present study brings together data on the rate of oxygen consumption during wading by humans from previous studies, and augments these with new data for wading in shallower depths, with slower and more tortuous walking, to obtain a better understanding both of the absolute costs of wading in typical scenarios of aquatic foraging and of how the cost of wading varies as a function of water depth and speed of locomotion. Previous and present data indicate that, at low speeds, wading has a similar energetic cost to walking on land, particularly at lower water depths, and only at higher speeds is the cost of wading noticeably more expensive than when water is absent. This is probably explained by the relatively small volume of water that must be displaced during locomotion in shallow waters coupled with the compensating support to the limbs that the water affords. The support to the limbs/body provided by water is discussed further, in the context of bipedal locomotion by non-human primates during wading.
The kinesin-13 KLP10A motor regulates oocyte spindle length and affects EB1 binding without altering microtubule growth rates
Authors: Do Kevin K. , Hoàng Kim Liên , Endow Sharyn A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Kinesin-13 motors are unusual in that they do not walk along microtubules, but instead diffuse to the ends, where they remove tubulin dimers, regulating microtubule dynamics. Here we show that Drosophila kinesin-13 klp10A regulates oocyte meiosis I spindle length and is haplo-insufficient – KLP10A, reduced by RNAi or a loss-of-function P element insertion mutant, results in elongated and mispositioned oocyte spindles, and abnormal cortical microtubule asters and aggregates. KLP10A knockdown by RNAi does not significantly affect microtubule growth rates in oocyte spindles, but, unexpectedly, EB1 binding and unbinding are slowed, suggesting a previously unobserved role for kinesin-13 in mediating EB1 binding interactions with microtubules. Kinesin-13 may regulate spindle length both by disassembling subunits from microtubule ends and facilitating EB1 binding to plus ends. We also observe an increased number of paused microtubules in klp10A RNAi knockdown spindles, consistent with a reduced frequency of microtubule catastrophes. Overall, our findings indicate that reduced kinesin-13 decreases microtubule disassembly rates and affects EB1 interactions with microtubules, rather than altering microtubule growth rates, causing spindles to elongate and abnormal cortical microtubule asters and aggregates to form.