bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lentil-based diets attenuate hypertension and large-artery remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Hanson Matthew G. , Zahradka Peter , Taylor Carla G. 
Published: September 2013

Hypertension is a major risk factor for CVD, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension is expected to continue increasing, and current pharmacological treatments cannot alleviate all the associated problems. Pulse crops have been touted as a general health food and are now being studied for their possible effects on several disease states including hypertension, obesity and diabetes. In the present study, 15-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were fed diets containing 30 % w/w beans, peas, lentils, chickpeas, or mixed pulses or a pulse-free control diet for 4 weeks. Normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats were placed on a control diet. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured weekly, while blood pressure (BP) was measured at baseline and week 4. Fasting serum obtained in week 4 of the study was analysed for circulating lipids. A histological analysis was carried out on aortic sections to determine vascular geometry. Of all the pulse varieties studied, lentils were found to be able to attenuate the rise in BP in the SHR model (P< 0·05). Lentils were able to decrease the media:lumen ratio and media width of the aorta. The total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol levels of rats fed the pulse-based diets were found to be lower when compared with those of the WKY rat and SHR controls (P< 0·05). Although all pulses reduced circulating TC and LDL-C levels in the SHR, only lentils significantly reduced the rise in BP and large-artery remodelling in the SHR, but had no effect on PWV. These results indicate that the effects of lentils on arterial remodelling and BP in the SHR are independent of circulating LDL-C levels.
Combining functional features of whole-grain barley and legumes for dietary reduction of cardiometabolic risk: a randomised cross-over intervention in mature women
Authors: Tovar Juscelino , Nilsson Anne , Johansson Maria , Björck Inger 
Published: September 2013

The usefulness of dietary strategies against cardiometabolic risk is increasingly being acknowledged. Legumes and whole grains can modulate risk markers associated with cardiometabolic diseases, but their possible additive/synergistic actions are unknown. The objective of the present study was to assess, in healthy subjects, the effect of a diet including specific whole-grain barley products and legumes with prior favourable outcomes on cardiometabolic risk parameters in semi-acute studies. A total of forty-six overweight women (50–72 years, BMI 25–33 kg/m2and normal fasting glycaemia) participated in a randomised cross-over intervention comparing a diet rich in kernel-based barley products, brown beans and chickpeas (D1, diet 1 (functional diet)) with a control diet (D2, diet 2 (control diet)) of similar macronutrient composition but lacking legumes and barley. D1 included 86 g (as eaten)/d brown beans, 82 g/d chickpeas, 58 g/d whole-grain barley kernels and 216 g/d barley kernel bread. Both diets followed the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, providing similar amounts of dietary fibre (D1: 46·9 g/d; D2: 43·5 g/d), with wheat-based products as the main fibre supplier in D2. Each diet was consumed for 4 weeks under weight-maintenance conditions. Both diets decreased serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, but D1 had a greater effect on total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels (P< 0·001 andP< 0·05, respectively). D1 also reduced apoB (P< 0·001) and γ-glutamyl transferase (P< 0·05) levels, diastolic blood pressure (P< 0·05) and the Framingham cardiovascular risk estimate (P< 0·05). D1 increased colonic fermentative activity, as judged from the higher (P< 0·001) breath hydrogen levels recorded. In conclusion, a specific barley/legume diet improves cardiometabolic risk-associated biomarkers in a healthy cohort, showing potential preventive value beyond that of a nutritionally well-designed regimen.
Risk of adolescent offspring's completed suicide increases with prior history of their same-sex parents' death by suicide
Authors: Cheng C.-C. J. , Yen W.-J. , Chang W.-T. , Wu K. C.-C. , Ko M.-C. , Li C.-Y. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundTo investigate the risk of completed suicide in offspring during adolescence in relation to prior history of the same-sex parent's death by suicide and other causes.MethodA total of 500 adolescents who died by suicide at age 15–19 years between 1997 and 2007 were identified from the Taiwan Mortality Registration (TMR). For each case, 30 age- and time-matched controls were selected randomly from all adolescents registered in the Taiwan Birth Registry (TBR). A multivariate conditional logistic regression model was used to assess the risk of adolescent completed suicide in relation to their same-sex parent.ResultsAdolescent suicide risk was positively associated with both paternal [odds ratio (OR) 5.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17–13.33] and maternal suicide (OR 6.59, 95% CI 1.82–23.91). The corresponding risk estimates associated with paternal and maternal deaths from non-suicidal causes were much lower, at 1.88 and 1.94 respectively. The risk of suicide in male adolescents was significantly associated with prior history of paternal death by suicide (OR 8.23, 95% CI 2.96–22.90) but not of maternal death by suicide (OR 3.50, 95% CI 0.41–30.13). On the other contrary, the risk of suicidal death in female adolescents was significantly associated with prior history of maternal suicide (OR 9.71, 95% CI 1.89–49.94) but not of paternal suicide (OR 2.42, 95% CI 0.30–19.57). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionsAlthough limited by sample size, our study indicates that adolescent offspring suicidal death is associated with prior history of their same-sex parent's death by suicide.
Three-year longitudinal population-based volumetric MRI study in first-episode schizophrenia spectrum patients
Authors: Roiz-Santiáñez R. , Ayesa-Arriola R. , Tordesillas-Gutiérrez D. , Ortiz-García de la Foz V. , Pérez-Iglesias R. , Pazos A. , Sánchez E. , Crespo-Facorro B. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder associated with structural brain abnormalities already present at the onset of the illness. Whether these brain abnormalities might progress over time is still under debate.MethodThe aim of this study was to investigate likely progressive brain volume changes in schizophrenia during the first 3 years after initiating antipsychotic treatment. The study included 109 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder and a control group of 76 healthy subjects. Subjects received detailed clinical and cognitive assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at regular time points during a 3-year follow-up period. The effects of brain changes on cognitive and clinical variables were examined along with the impact of potential confounding factors.ResultsOverall, patients and healthy controls exhibited a similar pattern of brain volume changes. However, patients showed a significant lower progressive decrease in the volume of the caudate nucleus than control subjects (F1,307.2 = 2.12, p = 0.035), with healthy subjects showing a greater reduction than patients during the follow-up period. Clinical and cognitive outcomes were not associated with progressive brain volume changes during the early years of the illness.ConclusionsBrain volume abnormalities that have been consistently observed at the onset of non-affective psychosis may not inevitably progress, at least over the first years of the illness. Taking together with clinical and cognitive longitudinal data, our findings, showing a lack of brain deterioration in a substantial number of individuals, suggest a less pessimistic and more reassuring perception of the illness.
The Inbetweenness of Sympotic Elegy
Authors: Budelmann Felix , Power Timothy 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis article revisits the question of how elegy was performed at the symposion, and argues that, rather than being either musical or non-musical, elegy situates itself between speech and song. None of the passages in which elegy mentions song are clearly self-referential: they tend to be generic, set in the future, concerned with other performers and other compositions or altogether too slippery in their language to pin them down. Moreover, there are a number of elegiac pieces that appear designed to allow symposiasts to shift from song to speech or speech to song, thereby introducing a new mode of performance, and so are themselves transitional. These observations about the way elegiac texts position their own performance are complemented by considerations about their actual performance. Evidence both from ancient musicologists and from other tonal languages suggests that inbetween modes of delivery were common in Greek poetry and the metrical shape makes elegy a prime candidate. The final section of the article turns to the difficult term elegos in fifth-century drama. It argues that several of these passages draw on inbetweenness as one association of elegos and thus decreases the gap between elegos and surviving elegy. A coda points out that the elegiacs in Euripides' Andromache are a further example of elegy transitioning between two modes of performance.
The Origins of the Athenian Economic ARCHE
Authors: Kallet Lisa 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHistories of the Athenian Empire (478–404 BC) have traditionally been offered as political and military narratives. They explain the origins of a naval alliance created in 478/7 BC, the so-called Delian League under Athenian leadership and its development into an ‘empire’ (arche) sometime in mid-century. Moreover, most treat the phenomenon as comprehensible as a self-contained period of enquiry. This article takes issue with both approaches. Through close examination of a wide variety of evidence connected with Athenian activity during the formative years of the ‘Delian League’ (478 to ca. 465), it argues that the Athenians made immediate use of the League navy and funds to appropriate resources, profits and territory for themselves, especially in Thrace, beginning with the capture of Eion on the Strymon, but also that these interests explain other early activities. Finally, it argues that the Athenians' economic behaviour should be understood in the context of Athenian aims and activities in the Archaic period.
Direct observation of particles with energy >10 MeV/u from laser-induced processes with energy gain in ultra-dense deuterium
Authors: Holmlid Leif 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNuclear fusion in ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) was reported previously to be induced by 0.2 J pulses with 5 ns pulse length, ejecting particles with energies in the MeV range. The ns-resolved signal from D(-1) to two in-line collectors at up to 1 m distance can be observed directly on an oscilloscope, showing particles with energies in the range 1–20 MeV u−1. They are probably mainly protons and deuterons in the form of neutral ultra-dense hydrogen H(-1) fragments. Electrons and photons give only small contributions to the fast signal. The observed signal at several mA peak current corresponds to 1 × 1013 particles released per laser shot and to an energy release >4 J assuming isotropic formation and average particle energy of 3 MeV. This corresponds to an energy gain of 30 in the process. A movable slit close to the laser target gives lateral resolution of the signal generation, showing almost only fast particles from the point of laser impact and penetrating photons from the plasma outside the laser impact point. The observation of multi-MeV particles indicates nuclear fusion, either as a source or as a result.
Beauty or brains? The braincase ofPachyrhinosaurus perotorumand its utility for species-level distinction in the centrosaurine ceratopsidPachyrhinosaurus
Authors: Tykoski Ronald S. , Fiorillo Anthony R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe centrosaurine ceratopsid taxonPachyrhinosaurusis the most speciose of centrosaurines, being represented by at least three species (P. canadensis,P. lakustai, and the recently describedP. perotorum) from the late Campanian and early Maastrichtian of North America. The species are readily distinguished from one another by details of easily visible cranio-facial and frill ornamentation, features commonly used to differentiate ceratopsid taxa. Braincase material is also known for all three taxa. We describe the braincase ofP. perotorumbased on specimens from the Kikak–Tegoseak Quarry of the North Slope of Alaska. We then compare it to braincase and endocranial descriptions of the otherPachyrhinosaurustaxa to test whether there may be useful species-level differences present in these robust parts of the ceratopsid skull. Braincase morphology, including cranial nerve paths through the braincase walls inP. lakustaiandP. perotorum, were found to be very similar. Two potential diagnostic differences between taxa were found, although tests based on larger sample sizes will be necessary to verify them. This reinforces the importance of highly visual cranio-facial and frill ornamentation as the best tool for species recognition and phylogenetic reconstruction in ceratopsid dinosaurs.
Microbial expression profiles in the rhizosphere of willows depend on soil contamination
Authors: Yergeau Etienne , Sanschagrin Sylvie , Maynard Christine , St-Arnaud Marc , Greer Charles W 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The goal of phytoremediation is to use plants to immobilize, extract or degrade organic and inorganic pollutants. In the case of organic contaminants, plants essentially act indirectly through the stimulation of rhizosphere microorganisms. A detailed understanding of the effect plants have on the activities of rhizosphere microorganisms could help optimize phytoremediation systems and enhance their use. In this study, willows were planted in contaminated and non-contaminated soils in a greenhouse, and the active microbial communities and the expression of functional genes in the rhizosphere and bulk soil were compared. Ion Torrent sequencing of 16S rRNA and Illumina sequencing of mRNA were performed. Genes related to carbon and amino-acid uptake and utilization were upregulated in the willow rhizosphere, providing indirect evidence of the compositional content of the root exudates. Related to this increased nutrient input, several microbial taxa showed a significant increase in activity in the rhizosphere. The extent of the rhizosphere stimulation varied markedly with soil contamination levels. The combined selective pressure of contaminants and rhizosphere resulted in higher expression of genes related to competition (antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation) in the contaminated rhizosphere. Genes related to hydrocarbon degradation were generally more expressed in contaminated soils, but the exact complement of genes induced was different for bulk and rhizosphere soils. Together, these results provide an unprecedented view of microbial gene expression in the plant rhizosphere during phytoremediation.
Efficient Gate-tunable light-emitting device made of defective boron nitride nanotubes: from ultraviolet to the visible
Authors: Attaccalite Claudio , Wirtz Ludger , Marini Andrea , Rubio Angel 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBoron nitride is a promising material for nanotechnology applications due to its two-dimensional graphene-like, insulating and highly-resistant structure. Recently it has received a lot of attention as a substrate to grow and isolate graphene as well as for its intrinsic UV lasing response. Similar to carbon, one-dimensional boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have been theoretically predicted and later synthesised. Here we use first principles simulations to unambiguously demonstrate that i) BN nanotubes inherit the highly efficient UV luminescence of hexagonal BN; ii) the application of an external perpendicular field closes the electronic gap keeping the UV lasing with lower yield; iii) defects in BNNTS are responsible for tunable light emission from the UV to the visible controlled by a transverse electric field (TEF). Our present findings pave the road towards optoelectronic applications of BN-nanotube-based devices that are simple to implement because they do not require any special doping or complex growth.
Realising Haldane's vision for a Chern insulator in buckled lattices
Authors: Wright Anthony R. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Chern insulator displays a quantum Hall effect with no net magnetic field. Proposed by Haldane over 20 years ago, it laid the foundation for the fields of topological order, unconventional quantum Hall effects and topological insulators. Despite enormous impact over two decades, Haldane's original vision of a staggered magnetic field within a crystal lattice has been prohibitively difficult to realise. In fact, in the original paper Haldane stresses his idea is probably merely a toy model. I show that buckled lattices with only simple hopping terms, within in-plane magnetic fields, can realise these models, requiring no exotic interactions or experimental parameters. As a concrete example of this very broad and remarkably simple principle, I consider silicene, a honeycomb lattice with out-of-plane sublattice anisotropy, in an in-plane magnetic field and show that it is a Chern insulator, even at negligibly small magnetic fields, which is analogous to Haldane's original model.
Maternal anxiety and infants' hippocampal development: timing matters
Authors: Qiu A , Rifkin-Graboi A , Chen H , Chong Y-S , Kwek K , Gluckman P D , Fortier M V , Meaney M J 
Published: September 2013

AbstractExposure to maternal anxiety predicts offspring brain development. However, because children’s brains are commonly assessed years after birth, the timing of such maternal influences in humans is unclear. This study aimed to examine the consequences of antenatal and postnatal exposure to maternal anxiety upon early infant development of the hippocampus, a key structure for stress regulation. A total of 175 neonates underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at birth and among them 35 had repeated scans at 6 months of age. Maternal anxiety was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at week 26 of pregnancy and 3 months after delivery. Regression analyses showed that antenatal maternal anxiety did not influence bilateral hippocampal volume at birth. However, children of mothers reporting increased anxiety during pregnancy showed slower growth of both the left and right hippocampus over the first 6 months of life. This effect of antenatal maternal anxiety upon right hippocampal growth became statistically stronger when controlling for postnatal maternal anxiety. Furthermore, a strong positive association between postnatal maternal anxiety and right hippocampal growth was detected, whereas a strong negative association between postnatal maternal anxiety and the left hippocampal volume at 6 months of life was found. Hence, the postnatal growth of bilateral hippocampi shows distinct responses to postnatal maternal anxiety. The size of the left hippocampus during early development is likely to reflect the influence of the exposure to perinatal maternal anxiety, whereas right hippocampal growth is constrained by antenatal maternal anxiety, but enhanced in response to increased postnatal maternal anxiety.
Design of dual‐polarised compact base station antenna with high isolation using spiral resonator
Authors: Lee Jung N. , Jung Jae H. , Lee Kwang C. 
Published: September 2013

A dual‐polarised compact base station antenna with high isolation is presented. High isolation is achieved by using a shorted spiral resonator placed below the metallic radiating patch. From the experimental results, the measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7–1.9 GHz for micro‐cell systems and the isolation is more than 30 dB. The proposed antenna exhibits good radiation patterns and peak gain is 8 dBi.
Design of long‐range, powerless RFID sensor at 10 GHz
Authors: Donelli M. 
Published: September 2013

The design of a radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag sensor based on the modulated scattering technique (MST) is presented. The tag works in the X band at 10 GHz and achieves an operative range of about 10 m with a limited amount of power. The power supply required by the transponder is obtained from the interogating electromagnetic field with a customised rectifying Chockcroft‐Walton multiplier circuit. The communication between the reader and the tag is obtained using the standard EM4102 RFID protocol, the information is carried on by modulating the load of the tag antenna with a suitable switch circuit. The antenna tag, the rectifying circuit and the switch have been optimised to reach the maximum operative range. A tag prototype has been designed, fabricated and experimentally assessed. The obtained experimental results are quite good.
Reduced liquid water content for cloud attenuation prediction: the impact of temperature
Authors: Luini L. , Riva C. , Capsoni C. 
Published: September 2013

The prediction of cloud attenuation relying on the concept of reducing liquid water content to a fixed temperature (wR) is investigated. Based on an extensive dataset of radiosonde observations collected in Europe, the focus is on the quantification of the prediction error due to the approximation introduced with wR. The obtained cloud attenuation results indicate that the approximation error δ is markedly sensitive to the reduction temperature TR and that, specifically, TR = − 5°C turns out to minimise δ in European sites, whatever the frequency of interest in the 20–100 GHz range.
Wideband and compact quasi‐Yagi antenna with bowtie‐shaped drivers
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Yan , Liu Fangshu , Shi Xiaowei 
Published: September 2013

A wideband and compact end‐fire antenna with bowtie‐shape drivers is proposed. Based on a wideband microstrip‐to‐coplanar stripline transition and bowtie‐shaped drivers, a broadband impedance bandwidth of more than 75% (4.70–10.44 GHz) for return loss less than − 15 dB and a gain of 5.0–9.1 dBi are obtained. What is more, the front‐to‐back ratio over the frequency of interest is less than − 10 dB. The overall dimensions of the proposed antenna are only 30 × 24.24 mm2. A prototype is fabricated and measured. The simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna indicate that it is suitable for phased array and microwave imaging systems.
650 GHz SIS mixer fabricated on silicon‐on‐insulator substrate
Authors: Tan B.‐K. , Yassin G. , Grimes P. , Jacobs K. 
Published: September 2013

The successful operation of a 650 GHz unilateral finline superconductor–insulator–superconductor mixer with a wide IF bandwidth is reported. The mixer was fabricated using silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) technology, with planar circuit on‐chip integration. The mixer was tested over the frequency range of 630–702 GHz, and the best recorded DSB noise temperature was 226 K. The measured RF and IF behaviour of the mixer agreed very well with the simulation predictions. This demonstrates that superconducting finline mixers fabricated on an SOI substrate can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance, and yet are much more compact and highly reproducible, and hence suitable for large‐format arrays in astronomy instruments, at THz frequencies.
Compact and low‐loss silica‐based dual polarisation optical hybrid with PBS based on large geometrical birefringence
Authors: Hashizume Y. , Itoh M. , Hashimoto T. , Itoh M. 
Published: September 2013

A low‐loss (8.4–9.0 dB) and compact (3 × 7 mm2) silica‐based dual polarisation optical hybrid has been successfully demonstrated by using a short polarisation beam splitter (PBS) (2.8 mm) based on geometrical birefringence.