bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Needle Aspiration in Diagnosis and Management of Suppurative Bacille Calmette–Guerin Adenitis: An Institutional Study of 30 Cases
Authors: Pal Subrata , Chakarabarti Srabani , Phukan Jyoti Prakash , Biswas Sudhanya , Sinha Anuradha , Sinha Rajani 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Context: Regional lymphadenitis is the most common complication of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. Most of the BCG lymphadenitis cases are nonsuppurative, but some suppurate and follow abscess formation, rupture, ulceration and cicatrization. Needle aspiration is the rapid, safe and cost-effective method for diagnosis as well as management of suppurative BCG adenitis.
Aims: The aims of the present study were to assess the clinical and cytological spectrum of BCG lymphadenitis and to evaluate the role of needle aspiration in the management of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.
Settings and Design: We have approached every cases of ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy having history of BCG vaccination. We designed to aspirate the suppurative axillary lymph nodes and follow-up of nonsuppurative cases.
Subjects and Methods: 30 cases of BCG adenitis were studied during a period of 2 years. 12 cases of suppurative lymphadenitis were approached by needle aspiration and cytologically evaluated, and all the cases were followed-up for 12 weeks after diagnosis. Anti-tubercular drugs were not applied, and surgical excision was reserved for nonhealing lesions.
Statistical Analysis Used: Data tables.
Results: Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes were commonest site and none had constitutional symptoms. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in 11 (91.67%) cases of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis. On follow-up all nonsuppurative adenitis were resolved spontaneously, and 8 suppurative lymphadenitis cases were resolved after 4 weeks of needle aspiration. Four cases needed repeat aspiration among which 3 resolved in 8 weeks, and one needed surgical excision.
Conclusions: We recommend needle aspiration as a simple, safe, chief and effective modality, which helps in diagnosis as well as in management of suppurative BCG lymphadenitis.
Faithful Representations of Graph Algebras via Branching Systems
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel , Li Hui , Royer Danilo 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We continue to investigate branching systems of directed graphs and their connections with graph algebras. We give a suõcient condition under which the representation induced from a branching systemof a directed graph is faithful and construct a large class of branching systems that satisfy this condition. We ûnish the paper by providing a proof of the converse of the Cuntz–Krieger uniqueness theorem for graph algebras by means of branching systems.
SOUZA, Gilda de Mello e. O Espírito das Roupas: A Moda no Século XIX. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1987.
Authors: Botton Fernando Bagiotto 
Published: April 2015

Resenha de: SOUZA, Gilda de Mello e. O Espírito das Roupas: A Moda no Século XIX. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1987.
Animação em aula: Os heróis dos desenhos animados no ensino de história
Authors: Neto Mario Marcello 
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho é resultado de pesquisas em andamento sobre o uso de desenhos animados como fontes no Ensino de História. Ao iniciarmos os estudos acerca do tema, nos deparamos com inúmeras relações entre os Quadrinhos e os Desenhos Animados. A mais significativa perpetuação de elementos presentes nas HQ’s representada nos quadrinhos é a imagem do Herói. Aqui, Através da análise do desenho produzido pela DC Comics, Liga da Justiça (2001), tentaremos estabelecer relações destes elementos que acabam formando o imaginário social de uma parcela da sociedade. Para isso, além da análise dos desenhos supracitados, foi feita uma densa revisão bibliográfica, permitindo que este trabalho obtivesse um aporte teórico suficiente para problematizar o tema.
Clube Guarani (1920-2006): tempos de luta contra o preconceito em Arroio Grande
Authors: Quadrado Beatriz Floôr 
Published: April 2015

Este é um estudo sobre a história do Clube Guarani, localizado na cidade de Arroio Grande, fundado em 1920, devido ao preconceito racial que acabava proibindo a participação do negro em certos espaços sociais. A pesquisa faz um apanhado geral desta história, destacando o significado deste patrimônio cultural através das memórias da comunidade negra do município. Faz-se necessário, para um melhor entendimento, também uma análise da realidade da população afrodescendente no início da república, o preconceito por estereótipos excludentes do meio social. O método utilizado foi o da História Oral, vinculado aos estudos teóricos sobre memória e patrimônio.
Costumes e Justiça: a interpretação da norma no cabildo de Corrientes - 1588 a 1646
Authors: Martins Liz Araujo 
Published: April 2015

Esse texto foi desenvolvido pelo resultado de um projeto de pesquisa, financiado pela FAPESP. A proposta do projeto era ler e analisar as Actas Capitulares da cidade de Corrientes (1588 a 1646). A análise se fez com o propósito de investigar as leis e sua aplicação nesta cidade, tomando como hipótese as reflexões desenvolvidas pelo professor Rafael Ruiz2, em seu projeto “Direitos e Justiça nas Américas”. Tais reflexões consistem na idéia de que as leis na América Ibérica do século XVII eram heterogêneas e flexíveis, estavam sujeitas a daptações, a especificidades circunstanciais e a demandas locais.
PROJEÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA POR RAZÃO DE MOVIMENTAÇÃO EM UM FRAGMENTO DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA NO SUL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Dalla Lana Mayara , Péllico Netto Sylvio , Dalla Corte Ana Paula , Sanquetta Carlos Roberto , Lins e Silva Brandão Carlos Frederico 
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi simular o crescimento em número de árvores e área basal de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista, em nível de floresta, espécies e famílias botânicas de maior valor de importância. Os dados utilizados são provenientes de um inventário contínuo de três parcelas implantadas em 1995 de 1 ha cada e uma de 0,5 ha, totalizando uma área amostral de 3,5 ha, no município de São João do Triunfo, Paraná. Todos os indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito igual ou maior que 10,0 cm foram identificados, mensurados, e durante as remedições, todas as árvores mortas e recrutadas foram registradas até o ano de 2011. As projeções com o modelo de razão de movimentação foram realizadas para os indivíduos arbóreos agrupados em intervalo de classe de 10 cm de diâmetro, para a prognose dos anos de 2013, 2015, 2017 e 2019. A floresta como um todo crescerá 5,7 m².ha-1 em área basal, mas não em número de árvores, confirmando amadurecimento desse fragmento.Palavras-chave: Manejo sustentável; floresta nativa; área basal. AbstractDiametric projection by movement ratio in a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment in Southern Paraná. The aim of this research was to simulate the growth in number of trees and basal area of a Mixed Ombrophilous Forest fragment, in level of forest, botanical families and species with the greater importance value. The data are from a continuous inventory in three sample plots of 1 ha each, and one of 0.5 ha, adding up 3.5 ha of sampled area, in São João do Triunfo, Paraná. All trees with diameter at breast height equal or greater than 10.0 cm were identified, measured and, during remeasurements, all recruited and dead trees were counted until the year 2011. The projections with movement ratio model were performed to the individual trees grouped in classes’ interval of 10 cm diameter for the prognosis of the years 2013, 2015, 2017 and 2019. The forest as a whole will grow 5,7 m².ha-1 in basal area, but not in number of trees, confirming maturation of this fragment.Keywords: Sustainable management; native forest; basal area.
QUALIDADE SANITÁRIA DE SEMENTES DE Caesalpinia ferrea: INCIDÊNCIA DE FUNGOS, CONTROLE E EFEITOS NA QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA COM O USO DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS
Authors: Medeiros José George Ferreira , Araujo Neto Aderson Costa , Silva Edcarlos Camilo , Huang Min Fu Nascimento , Nascimento Luciana Cordeiro 
Published: April 2015

As sementes são eficientes meios de disseminação e transmissão de patógenos e, frequentemente, introduzem novos focos de infecção em áreas isentas. A utilização de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas são alternativas ecológicas e promissoras para substituir a proteção promovida pela aplicação de fungicidas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos extratos de alamanda (Allamanda blanchetti L.) e melão-de-são-caetano (Momordica charantia L.) sobre a micoflora e a germinação de sementes de Caesalpinia ferrea. Para tanto, utilizaram-se lotes de sementes coletados em diferentes municípios paraibanos (Areia, Bananeiras, Conde e Remígio), os quais foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade e de germinação. Os tratamentos fitossanitários consistiram de Testemunha; Fungicida dicarboximida (240 g.100 kg-1) e extratos A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm. Constataram-se os fungos Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., R. stolonifer, Penicillium sp. e Nigrospora sp. nas sementes de C. ferrea. Os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm reduziram a incidência de fungos. As maiores concentrações (500 e 1000 ppm) de ambos os extratos promoveram o aumento no percentual e na velocidade de germinação (IVG), bem como no comprimento das plântulas de C. ferrea.Palavras-chave: Patologia de sementes; micoflora; controle alternativo; germinação. AbstractSanitary quality of Caesalpinia ferrea seeds: incidence of fungi, control and effects on physiological quality with the use of plant extracts. Seeds are efficient to dissemination and transmission of pathogens and often introduce new foci of infection in exempted areas. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by the application of fungicides. We aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti L. and Momordica charantia L. on the mycoflora and seed germination of Caesalpinia ferrea. We used lots of seeds collected in different cities of Paraiba (Areia, Bananeiras, Conde e Remígio), which were tested for germination and sanity. The phytosanitary treatments consisted of control, dicarboximide fungicide (240 g.100 Kg-1) and extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. We identified in the seeds of C. ferrea fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., R. stolonifer, Penicillium sp. and Nigrospora sp. The extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia in concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm reduced the incidence of fungi. The highest concentrations (500 and 1000 ppm) of both extracts increased percentage and germination rate (IVG) and length of seedlings of C. ferrea.Keywords: Pathology seed; mycoflora; alternative control; germination.
WOOD DENSITY OF CLONES OF Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis IN DIFFERENT CONDITIONS OF GROWTH
Authors: Mauri Renata , Oliveira José Tarcísio da Silva , Filho Mário Tomazello , Rosado Antônio Marcos , Paes Juarez Benigno , Calegario Natalino 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVariations in the growth site of trees have influence on the internal structure of the trunk. Considering this fact, this study investigated influence of the characteristics of the growth site on wood specific gravity of two clones of Eucalyptus urophyllax Eucalyptus grandis, approximately six years old, growing in different altitudes and topographies. Furthemore, two methods of sampling of the wood specific gravity were studied, for comparison purpose. Results showed that wood specific gravity underwent variations between growth conditions andtrends in wood specific gravity variations, compared between growth conditions, were the same regardless of the clone. With relation to sampling method, the wedge was more appropriate for determination of wood specific gravity, in order to extrapolate the disc density. These results provide tools to forestry companies about consolidation of genetic material and its behavior in different growth conditions, to attend wood quality requirements.Keywords: Eucalypt; wood quality;topography; altitude. ResumoDensidade do lenho de clones de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis em diferentes condições de crescimento. As variações nas características do local de crescimento das árvores apresentam influência na estrutura interna do tronco. Diante deste fato, foi estudada a influência das características do local de crescimento na densidade básica da madeira de dois clones de EucalyptusurophyllaxEucalyptusgrandis, com aproximadamente seis anos de idade que cresceram emaltitudes e topografias diferentes. Além disso, estudou-se duas formas de amostragem da densidade básica na árvore para fins de comparações. Por meio dos resultados pode-seobservar que a densidade básica da madeira sofreu variações nas diferentes condições de crescimento e que as tendências de variações na densidade básica da madeira, frente às condições de crescimento, foram as mesmas independentemente do clone. Em relaçãoao método de amostragem,a cunha mostrou-se mais apropriada para determinação da densidade básica da madeira para fins de extrapolação da densidade do disco.Estes resultados fornecem subsídios para as empresas do setor florestal no que diz respeito à consolidação de material genético e seu comportamento em diferentes condições de crescimento para atender suas demandas de qualidade de madeira.Palavras-chave:Eucalipto; qualidade de madeira;topografia; altitude.
High seed dispersal ability of Pinus canariensis in stands of contrasting density inferred from genotypic data
Authors: López de Heredia Unai , Nanos Nikos , García-del-Rey Eduardo , Guzmán Paula , López Rosana , Venturas Martin , Gil-Muñoz Pascual , Gil Luis 
Published: April 2015

Aim of the study: Models that combine parentage analysis from molecular data with spatial information of seeds and seedlings provide a framework to describe and identify the factors involved in seed dispersal and recruitment of forest species. In the present study we used a spatially explicit method (the gene shadow model) in order to assess primary and effective dispersal in Pinus canariensis.Area of study: Pinus canariensis is endemic to the Canary Islands (Spain). Sampling sites were a high density forest in southern slopes of Tenerife and a low density stand in South Gran Canaria. Materials and methods: We fitted models based on parentage analysis from seeds and seedlings collected in two sites with contrasting stand density, and then compared the resulting dispersal distributions.Main results: The results showed that: 1) P. canariensis has a remarkable dispersal ability compared to other pine species; 2) there is no discordance between primary and effective dispersals, suggesting limited secondary dispersal by animals and lack of Janzen-Connell effect; and 3) low stand densities enhance the extent of seed dispersal, which was higher in the low density stand.Research highlights: The efficient dispersal mechanism of P. canariensis by wind inferred by the gene shadow model is congruent with indirect measures of gene flow, and has utility in reconstructing past demographic events and in predicting future distribution ranges for the species.Keywords: Bayesian inference; Canary Islands; gene shadow model; microsatellites; parentage analysis.
VNITŘNÍ ZONÁLNOST TĚLES HORNIN TĚŠÍNITOVÉ ASOCIACE VE SLEZSKÉ JEDNOTCE: KORELACE PETROGRAFICKÝCH A PETROFYZIKÁLNÍCH PARAMETRŮ
Authors: Schuchová Kristýna , Dolníček Zdeněk 
Published: April 2015

This article is focused on petrography of igneous rocks of the teschenite association and its correlation with selected petrophysical parameters. These igneous rocks were studied at three localities in the Silesian unit (Outer Western Carpathians) – Hodslavice, Žilina near Nový Jičín and Tichá. We conducted petrographic study (including modal composition based on planimetry) and then we compared results with previously published data on magnetic susceptibility and density of the same rock samples. The primary magmatic phases (clinopyroxenes, amphibole, biotite, opaque phases, feldspars and analcime) show in all cases less or more signs of post-magmatic alteration, giving rise mainly to secondary chlorite, carbonate and “limonite”. The amount of chlorite ranges from 21 to 23, 3 to 9, and 16 to 35 mod. % and those of carbonate vary from 5 to 15, 3 to 4, and 16 to 24 mod. % in Hodslavice, Žilina near Nový Jičín, and Tichá, respectively. The values of magnetic susceptibility range from 5.56 × 10-8 to 7.66 × 10-5, 5.07 × 10-7 to 1.61 × 10-5, and 2.46 × 10-7 to 2.93 × 10-5 SI and those of density are between 2.50 and 2.77, 2.66 to 3.88, and 2.65 to 2.86 g/cm3 in Hodslavice, Žilina near Nový Jičín, and Tichá, respectively. Correlation of petrographic and petrophysical parameters suggests that various postmagmatic alterations (including chloritization, carbonatization and weathering associated with formation of limonite) can influence the values of magnetic susceptibility and density. The intensity of these alterations varies significantly among samples and sites.
Fatigue, Sleep Quality, and Disability in Relation to Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tabrizi Fatemeh Moghaddam , Radfar Moloud 
Published: April 2015

Background: Quality of life (QOL) is impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS) in part due to physical disability. MS-associated fatigue and poor sleep are common and treatable features of MS that affect QOL. We assessed the association between fatigue, sleep quality, and QOL in people with MS.
Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 217 patients with MS. Health-related QOL (MS Quality of Life-54), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale [FSS]), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory [PSQI]) were assessed. Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were also provided by a qualified neurologist.
Results: The mean ± SD age of the 217 patients was 32.6 ± 8.6 years, and 79% were female. One hundred fifty-two patients (70.0%) were classified as poor sleepers based on PSQI scores; 122 (56.2%) had significant fatigue based on FSS results. The mean ± SE physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health composite scores of the MSQOL-54 were 40.12 ± 1.27 and 43.81 ± 1.61, respectively. There was a strong statistically significant positive correlation between PCS scores and MCS (r = 0.58), FSS (r = 0.49), and PSQI (r = 0.52) scores. MCS scores were strongly correlated with FSS (r = 0.53) and PSQI (r = 0.35) scores. Age exhibited statistically significant negative correlations with PCS (r = −0.21) and MCS (r = −0.58) scores, and was statistically significantly correlated with FSS (r = 0.23) and PSQI (r = 0.21) scores. Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were strongly correlated with FSS scores.
Conclusions: These findings support screening of fatigue severity and sleep quality and their effects on QOL.
Cerebrovascular and blood–brain barrier impairments in Huntington's disease: Potential implications for its pathophysiology
Authors: Drouin‐Ouellet Janelle , Sawiak Stephen J. , Cisbani Giulia , Lagacé Marie , Kuan Wei‐Li , Saint‐Pierre Martine , Dury Richard J. , Alata Wael , St‐Amour Isabelle , Mason Sarah L. , Calon Frédéric , Lacroix Steve , Gowland Penny A. , Francis Susan T. , Barker Roger A. , Cicchetti Francesca 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveAlthough the underlying cause of Huntington's disease (HD) is well established, the actual pathophysiological processes involved remain to be fully elucidated. In other proteinopathies such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, there is evidence for impairments of the cerebral vasculature as well as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which have been suggested to contribute to their pathophysiology. We investigated whether similar changes are also present in HD.MethodsWe used 3‐ and 7‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging as well as postmortem tissue analyses to assess blood vessel impairments in HD patients. Our findings were further investigated in the R6/2 mouse model using in situ cerebral perfusion, histological analysis, Western blotting, as well as transmission and scanning electron microscopy.ResultsWe found mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) aggregates to be present in all major components of the neurovascular unit of both R6/2 mice and HD patients. This was accompanied by an increase in blood vessel density, a reduction in blood vessel diameter, as well as BBB leakage in the striatum of R6/2 mice, which correlated with a reduced expression of tight junction‐associated proteins and increased numbers of transcytotic vesicles, which occasionally contained mHtt aggregates. We confirmed the existence of similar vascular and BBB changes in HD patients.InterpretationTaken together, our results provide evidence for alterations in the cerebral vasculature in HD leading to BBB leakage, both in the R6/2 mouse model and in HD patients, a phenomenon that may, in turn, have important pathophysiological implications. Ann Neurol 2015;78:160–177
Background story of the invention of efficient blue InGaN light emitting diodes (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Nakamura Shuji 
Published: April 2015

Shuji Nakamura discovered p‐type doping in Gallium Nitride (GaN) and developed blue, green, and white InGaN based light emitting diodes (LEDs) and blue laser diodes (LDs). His inventions made possible energy efficient, solid‐state lighting systems and enabled the next generation of optical storage. Together with Isamu Akasaki and Hiroshi Amano, he is one of the three recipients of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics. In his Nobel lecture, Shuji Nakamura gives an overview of this research and the story of his inventions***.
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Facile Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of Palladium Acetate
Authors: Bedford Robin B. , Bowen John G. , Davidson Russell B. , Haddow Mairi F. , Seymour‐Julen Annabelle E. , Sparkes Hazel A. , Webster Ruth L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPalladium(II) acetate is readily converted into [Pd3(μ2‐OH)(OAc)5] (1) in the presence of water in a range of organic solvents and is also slowly converted in the solid state. Complex 1 can also be formed in nominally anhydrous solvents. Similarly, the analogous alkoxide complexes [Pd3(μ2‐OR)(OAc)5] (3) are easily formed in solutions of palladium(II) acetate containing a range of alcohols. An examination of a representative Wacker‐type oxidation shows that the Pd‐OH complex 1 and a related Pd‐oxo complex 4 can be excluded as potential catalytic intermediates in the absence of exogenous water.
Structural and Biomechanical Properties of the Exchange Tissue of the Avian Lung
Authors: Maina John N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe blood capillaries (BC) and the air capillaries (ACs) are the terminal gas exchange units of the avian lung. The minuscule structures are astonishingly strong. It is only recently that the morphologies and the biomechanical properties of the BCs and the ACs were investigated. Regarding size and shape, the BCs and the ACs differ remarkably. While they were previously claimed to be tubular (cylindrical) in shape, the ACs are rather rotund structures which interconnect across short, narrow passageways. Atypical of those in other tissues, the BCs in the exchange tissue of the avian lung comprise of distinct segments which are about as long as they are wide and which are coupled in three‐dimensions. The thin blood‐gas barrier (BGB) which separates the ACs from the BCs is peculiarly strong. The causes of the strengths of the ACs and the BCs in general and the BGB in particular are varied and controversial. Here, the recent morphological and physiological findings on the structure, biomechanical properties, and the strengths of the respiratory units of the avian lung and the BGB have been critically examined. Also, in light of the new morphological findings of the ACs and the BCs, the functional model which is currently in use to assess the gas exchange efficiency of the avian lung should be revised and the inappropriateness of the terms ‘blood capillary’ and ‘air capillary’ for the gas exchange units of the avian lung is pointed out. Anat Rec, 298:1673–1688, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.