bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disturbances can facilitate prior invasions more than subsequent invasions in microbial communities
Authors: Lear Luke , Hesse Elze , Buckling Angus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInvasions are commonly found to benefit from disturbance events. However, the importance of the relative timing of the invasion and disturbance for invader success and impact on community composition remains uncertain. Here, we experimentally test this by invading a five‐species bacterial community on eight separate occasions—four before a disturbance and four after. Invader success and impact on community composition was greatest when the invasion immediately followed the disturbance. However, the subsequent invasions had negligible success or impact. Pre‐disturbance, invader success and impact was greatest when the invader was added just before the disturbance. Importantly, however, the first three pre‐disturbance invasion events had significantly greater success than the last three post‐disturbance invasions. Moreover, these findings were consistent across a range of propagule pressures. Overall, we demonstrate that timing is highly important for both the success and impact on community composition of an invader, with both being lower as time since disturbance progresses.
Blockchain, tokens, smart contracts, and “decentralized autonomous organization”: Expanding and renewing the mechanisms of governance?
Authors: Chambefort Cyril , Chaudey Magali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBlockchain, tokens, smart contracts, and decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) are increasingly shaping discussions in media and research. The aim of this contribution is to explore how governance theory can clarify these concepts and how the application of theory to this new problem can also enrich governance theory itself.We focus on the technical environment (blockchain and tokens) that is at the heart of this new form of organization. By exploiting the intrinsic attributes of blockchain (decentralization, immutability, and transparency), smart contracts and DAOs are coordination mechanisms that expand the possibilities of interagent interactions and horizontal coordination, eliminating information asymmetries and the need for trusted third parties. In addition, by taking advantage of the transparency and immutability inherent in blockchain, smart contracts and DAOs make it possible to find and record agreements securely, automating contractual clauses.We argue that these technologies have a significant potential to renew the contractual approach to governance and to overcome some of the limitations of traditional theory.
Dynamic optical coherence tomography unveils subclinical, vascular differences across actinic keratosis grades I–III
Authors: Fredman Gabriella , Fuchs Christine Sofie Krohn , Wenande Emily , Philipsen Peter A. , Untracht Gavrielle R. , Andersen Flemming , Bjerring Peter , Wiegell Stine R. , Haedersdal Merete 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) classification relies on clinical characteristics limited to the skin's surface. Incorporating sub‐surface evaluation may improve the link between clinical classification and the underlying pathology. We aimed to apply dynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) to characterize microvessels in AK I‐III and photodamaged (PD) skin, thereby exploring its utility in enhancing clinical and dermatoscopic AK evaluation. This explorative study assessed AK I‐III and PD on face or scalp. AK were graded according to the Olsen scheme before assessment with dermatoscopy and D‐OCT. On D‐OCT, vessel shapes, −pattern and ‐direction were qualitatively evaluated at predefined depths, while density and diameter were quantified. D‐OCT's ability to differentiate between AK grades was compared with dermatoscopy. Forty‐seven patients with AK I‐III (n = 207) and PD (n = 87) were included. Qualitative D‐OCT evaluation revealed vascular differences between AK grades and PD, particularly at a depth of 300 μm. The arrangement of vessel shapes around follicles differentiated AK II from PD (OR = 4.75, p < 0.001). Vessel patterns varied among AK grades and PD, showing structured patterns in AK I and PD, non‐specific in AK II (OR = 2.16,p = 0.03) and mottled in AK III (OR = 29.94, p < 0.001). Vessel direction changed in AK II‐III, with central vessel accentuation and radiating vessels appearing most frequently in AK III. Quantified vessel density was higher in AK I‐II than PD (p ≤ 0.025), whereas diameter remained constant. D‐OCT combined with dermatoscopy enabled precise differentiation of AK III versus AK I (AUC = 0.908) and II (AUC = 0.833). The qualitative and quantitative evaluation of vessels on D‐OCT consistently showed increased vascularization and vessel disorganization in AK lesions of higher grades.
Subungual melanoma: molecular analysis of 31 cases from early stage to invasive melanoma
Authors: Perrin Christophe , Coutts Michael , Dadone‐Montaudié Bérengère 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe distinction between the benign subungual melanocytic lesions and an early lesion of subungual melanoma (SUM) remains a diagnostic challenge. We evaluated the routine diagnostic utility of array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) to detect whole‐genome copy number variations (CNV) as well as targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in SUM.Methods and ResultsThis retrospective study included 20 cases of in situ SUM and 11 cases of invasive SUM. Analysis by aCGH detected common oncogene amplifications in all but one case of invasive SUM (n = 10) and in all cases of in situ SUM with a melanocyte count (MC) >45/mm (n = 4 true positive) and the average number of CNV was 8.5. Thirteen remaining cases of in situ SUM gave false negative results (n = 13), owing to a lack of sufficient melanocytes to analyse (median MC of 35.35; range: 10.16–39.5). Molecular analysis failed in four cases (three in situ SUM and one invasive SUM) due to insufficient amounts of DNA. Across the whole cohort, the sensitivity of aCGH was 52%, but when adjusting the cutoff to MC >45/mm, the sensitivity was 93%. Targeted NGS was less informative than aCGH analyses in our series of SUM.ConclusionTo distinguish malignant from benign lesions, especially in situ SUM versus atypical lentiginous melanocytic proliferations, aCGH analysis should be performed when the MC is above 45 melanocytes per linear millimetre. This pangenomic method can detect oncogene amplifications, as well as a number of CNV >3, which strongly support the diagnosis of malignancy.
Preoperative risk stratification models after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A multi‐center study
Authors: Yamane Hiroshi , Morizane Shuichi , Honda Masashi , Muraoka Kuniyasu , Oono Hirofumi , Isoyama Tadahiro , Ono Koji , Sejima Takehiro , Kadowaki Hiroyuki , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveWe investigated preoperative patient factors associated with prognosis in 263 bladder cancer (BC) patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC). We also developed new risk stratification models for prognosis.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients treated at Tottori University Hospital and affiliated hospitals between January 2010 and December 2019. The relationship between preoperative patient factors and overall recurrence‐free and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) was analyzed. The modified Glasgow prognosis score (mGPS) was calculated using serum albumin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels. Statistical analyses included the log‐rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG‐PS), mGPS, and clinical tumor stage independently predicted CSS in multivariate analysis. A new risk stratification model included ECOG‐PS ≥2, clinical tumor stage ≥3, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, and serum CRP >0.5 mg/dL. Risk groups were defined as 0 factors (low risk), 1–2 factors (intermediate risk), and 3–4 factors (high risk). High‐risk patients showed significantly poorer 3‐year cancer‐free survival: 86.9% (low risk), 76.7% (intermediate risk), and 50.0% (high risk).ConclusionsECOG‐PS, clinical tumor stage, and mGPS are predictive of poor cancer‐free survival post‐RC for BC. Our model offers the potential for prognostic prediction in these patients.
Adapting to change: Undergraduate nursing students' sense of belonging transitioning from online to in‐person learning environments
Authors: Montague Janet , Tsui Joyce , Kamstra‐Cooper Krista , Connell Michelle , Atack Lynda , Haghiri‐Vijeh Roya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo examine undergraduate nursing students' sense of belonging as they transitioned from online to in‐person learning.DesignA mixed‐method design employing a Sense of Belonging Survey and three open‐ended questions.MethodsParticipants were first‐year undergraduate nursing students who were back to in‐person learning after 3 years of online learning during the pandemic. The survey was administered online in April 2023 using Qualtrics survey software. The survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the open‐ended questions were analysed by deductive thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy‐five (48%) of the 155 potential participants responded to the survey. The mean score on the Sense of Belonging Survey was 74%, a positive finding suggesting that many participants feel that they ‘belong’ in the classroom. Three overarching themes were identified in response to the open‐ended questions: factors supporting students' sense of belonging, factors hindering students' sense of belonging and strategies for faculty, administrators and students to increase a sense of belonging.ConclusionUnderstanding the factors that contribute to or hinder nursing students' sense of belonging during this transition will assist in developing strategies to mitigate challenges, foster a positive learning environment and enhance the overall sense of belonging among nursing students.ImpactThe first year of a nursing programme is crucial for student retention as students require tailored programmes and strategies to support their success. Examining and analysing the transition from online to in‐person classroom settings is crucial to identifying strategies to enhance and support first‐year students' sense of belonging and academic success. Exploring nursing students' experiences of belonging during transitions contributes to a more inclusive and equitable educational experience, fostering an environment where all students can thrive and succeed.Patient or Public ContributionNot applicable.
Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes: A multicenter prospective observational study in routine clinical practice
Authors: Yamada Yuichiro , Yabe Daisuke , Shide Kenichiro , Suzuki Atsushi , Terauchi Yasuo , Sato Yasunori , Shihara Nobuyuki , Seino Yutaka 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors effectively and safely reduce fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia while promoting weight loss. However, their unique mechanism of action contributes to concerns regarding their safety. We therefore carried out a large‐scale, non‐commercial, investigator‐initiated study on the safety and effectiveness of the SGLT2 inhibitor tofogliflozin.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, open‐label, uncontrolled, prospective observational study was carried out at hospitals and clinics across Japan in participants aged ≥20 years who were SGLT2 inhibitor‐naïve and had an established diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The primary endpoint was adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of special interest. Secondary endpoints included all other ADRs and adverse events, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and weight loss.ResultsThe study, carried out from June 2014 through February 2020, enrolled 11,480 participants from 1,103 medical institutions; 6,967 participants completed the 104‐week follow up. The most common ADRs of special interest were urinary and genital tract infections (1.53%), followed by volume depletion (1.25%). Hypoglycemia occurred in 27 participants (0.24%), adverse events in 1,054 (9.18%) and ADRs in 645 (5.62%). HbA1c decreased by 0.85% (95% confidence interval 0.82%–0.88%) and bodyweight decreased by 3.05 kg (95% confidence interval 2.94–3.17 kg). The HbA1c target was achieved by 51.70% of participants for target HbA1c <7.0%, 85.3% for <8.0% and 5.4% for <6.0% at week 104.ConclusionsTofogliflozin was associated with only mild or moderate ADRs characteristic of SGLT2 inhibitors, with no unpredictable, new, serious, or high‐incidence adverse events or ADRs. This independent study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in adult type 2 diabetes patients.
Exploring Latent Constructs through Multimodal Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Shiyu , Wu Shushan , Chen Yinghan , Fang Luyang , Xiao Liang , Li Feiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of three types of multimodal data‐response accuracy, response times, and eye‐tracking data‐derived from a computer‐based spatial rotation test. To tackle the complexity of high‐dimensional data analysis challenges, we have developed a methodological framework incorporating various statistical and machine learning methods. The results of our study reveal that hidden state transition probabilities, based on eye‐tracking features, may be contingent on skill mastery estimated from the fluency CDM model. The hidden state trajectory offers additional diagnostic insights into spatial rotation problem‐solving, surpassing the information provided by the fluency CDM alone. Furthermore, the distribution of participants across different hidden states reflects the intricate nature of visualizing objects in each item, adding a nuanced dimension to the characterization of item features. This complements the information obtained from item parameters in the fluency CDM model, which relies on response accuracy and response time. Our findings have the potential to pave the way for the development of new psychometric and statistical models capable of seamlessly integrating various types of multimodal data. This integrated approach promises more meaningful and interpretable results, with implications for advancing the understanding of cognitive processes involved in spatial rotation tests.
The influence of tobacco smoking on the outcomes achieved by root coverage procedures: An updated systematic review
Authors: Chambrone Leandro , Coccaro Miguelángel , Montaño Andrea Juliana , Lafaurie Gloria Inés 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis updated version of a systematic review (SR) originally published in 2009 evaluated the effect of smoking on the clinical outcomes achieved with root coverage (RC) procedures in the treatment of gingival recession (GR) defects.Materials and MethodsThis SR includes randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and case series with a minimum follow‐up of 6 months. Eligible studies involved GR defects without interproximal tissue loss submitted to RC procedures, as well as outcome measures from smokers (i.e., those smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day at baseline) and nonsmokers, recorded separately. Three electronic databases were searched up to March 31, 2024. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted thoroughly.ResultsA total of 12 studies reporting on 181 smokers and 162 nonsmokers, submitted to different RC procedures, were included. Half of these trials were originally included in the 2009 SR, whereas the other half (six studies) were included in this update. Nonsmokers experienced greater reductions in GR and gains in clinical attachment level compared to smokers. Pooled estimates comparing smokers and nonsmokers who received coronally advanced flap (CAF) alone and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) + CAF showed that nonsmokers achieved greater mean root coverage (MRC) in both treatments. Significant differences in MRC of 10.85% (95% CI, 1.92 to 19.77) and 22.04 (95% CI, 14.25 to 29.83), favoring nonsmokers, were identified for CAF and SCTG + CAF, respectively. Similarly, nonsmokers treated with SCTG + CAF displayed superior number of sites exhibiting complete root coverage (CRF) when compared with smokers (risk ratio, 4.12; 95% CI, 1.73 to 9.80).ConclusionsSmoking negatively impacts the outcomes of RC procedures, particularly those achieved by SCTG‐based procedures.Clinical SignificanceSmoking was linked to poorer RC outcomes. These outcomes highlight the critical need to integrate smoking cessation into periodontal treatment plans.
Assessing robustness of consequential LCA: Insights from a multiregional economic model tailored to the cement industrial symbiosis
Authors: Lessard Jean‐Martin , Habert Guillaume , Tagnit‐Hamou Arezki , Amor Ben 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOne of the key challenges in conducting consequential life cycle assessment (LCA) is to identify and quantify what is likely to be affected by changes in market behavior—so‐called marginal effects. Although the critical importance of uncertainty and sensitivity assessments in attributional LCA is recognized, they are rarely conducted in consequential studies. Thus, this paper aims to address two objectives: first, to examine the uncertainty and robustness of marginal effects in consequential LCA and second, to identify the most influential group of inputs contributing to the overall variance in climate change impact scores. To accomplish this, the study employs an enhanced consequential LCA framework that integrates a multiregional economic optimization model with consequential LCA tools. The framework is applied to assess the climate implications of a 6% increase in clinker substitution within average Eastern North American cement production by 2030, relative to 2020 levels. Through this framework, a Monte Carlo simulation is conducted to evaluate the dispersion of the results. Subsequently, a variance‐based one‐at‐a‐time sensitivity analysis is performed to rank the most influential groups of inputs affecting the robustness of result across macroeconomic, material flow, economic, transport, and consequential life cycle inventory databases. Afterward, a conceptual framework is proposed to guide practitioners in prioritizing areas for testing consequential LCA results based on region‐specific information. This work aims to contribute to decision‐makers' access to more reliable information to support the development of effective environmental regulatory measures.
Diagnostic and clinical utility of comprehensive multigene panel testing for patients with neuropathy
Authors: Roggenbuck Jennifer , Morales Ana , Ellis Colin A. , Dratch Laynie , Stetler Molly , Tan Christopher A. , Bucknor Brianna , Hatchell Kathryn E. , Aradhya Swaroop , Esplin Edward D. , Ting Yi‐Lee , Scherer Steven S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPrior to next‐generation sequencing (NGS), the evaluation of a patient with neuropathy typically consisted of screening for acquired causes, followed by clinical genetic testing of PMP22, MFN2, GJB1, and MPZ in patients with a positive family history and symptom onset prior to age 50. In this study, we examined the clinical utility of NGS in a large cohort of patients analyzed in a commercial laboratory.MethodsA cohort of 6849 adult patients underwent clinician‐ordered peripheral neuropathy multigene panel testing ranging from 66 to 111 genes that included NGS and intragenic deletion/duplication analysis.ResultsA molecular diagnosis was identified for 8.4% of the cohort (n = 573/6849). Variants in PMP22, MFN2, GJB1, MPZ, and TTR accounted for 73.8% of molecular diagnoses. Results had potential clinical actionability for 398 (69.5%) patients. Our results suggest that 225/573 (39.3%) of molecular diagnoses and 113/398 (28.4%) of clinical interventions would have been missed if the testing approach had been restricted to older guidelines.InterpretationOur results highlight the need for expanded genetic testing guidelines that account for the increased number of genes associated with hereditary neuropathy, address the overlap of acquired and hereditary neuropathy, and provide broader access to genetic diagnosis for patients.
The relationship between swallowing oral hesitation and cognition in frontal lobe stroke
Authors: Yun Yeo Joon , Han Seung Hoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground & ObjectiveOral stage dysphagia mostly caused by frontal lobe lesions. We investigated the relationship between oral hesitation and cognitive impairment after frontal lobe stroke.MethodsWe consecutively collected 946 patients with stroke from January 2016 to December 2020. Among them, 38 patients had only frontal lobe lesions. Video fluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) was performed in 5 stages from water to solid food. Patients who progressed to solid food are very rare, so we focused on liquid and soft food. Diagnosis of stroke was limited to cases in which cerebral infarction or haemorrhage had been verified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cognitive impairment was evaluated by MMSE in patients with frontal lobe lesions.ResultOf the total 946 patients, 35 patients with frontal lobe lesions were enrolled in the study. Of them, 22 were judged to have cognitive impairment. The oral hesitation of the liquid component was analysed, and a conclusion was drawn that the group with cognitive impairment showed significant oral hesitation than the group without cognitive impairment. On the other hand, in the case of soft food, it was found that there was no correlation between cognition and oral hesitation.ConclusionIt was confirmed that oral hesitation during swallowing in patients with frontal lobe stroke had a meaningful relationship with cognition, and oral hesitation during swallowing was significantly higher in liquid swallowing rather than soft food.
Impact of adding papain to sous vide cooking on texture and sensorial traits of marinated semitendinosus beefsteaks
Authors: de Oliveira Thales Leandro Coutinho , Tanaka Marcelo Stefanini , Rezende Jeferson Leandro , Rodrigues Lorena Mendes , Ramos Alcinéia de Lemos Sousa , Ramos Eduardo Mendes 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSous vide meat is an emerging food category, the consumption of which has increased owing to greater convenience, sensory traits, elderly consumers acceptance, and low‐cost cuts use. However, required prolonged thermal treatment to achieve desired tenderness, impact energy‐consumption besides triggering lipid oxidation, undesired off‐flavors, and cooked meat profiles. Using a response surface methodology (RSM), this study evaluated the effects of the vegetal proteolytic papain (0 to 20 mg/kg) and low‐temperature sous vide cooking (SVC) time (1 to 8 h at 65°C) in low‐value marinated M. semitendinosus beefsteaks on technological characteristics associated with tenderness, and lipid oxidation. Additionally, the sensory profile traits of the pre‐selected treatments were described using check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) and preference mapping. Shear force (WBsSF) was reduced with greater papain addition, whereas higher cooking losses (CL) were observed with longer SVC cooking times. Both the released total collagen and TBARS values increased with increasing papain concentrations and SVC times. Combining high levels of papain (>10 mg/kg) and SVC time (>6 h) resulted in lower WBsSF values (<20 N) but higher CL (>27%) and the CATA descriptors “aftertaste” and “mushy.” The optimized conditions (14 mg/kg papain; 2 h SVC) also reduced WBsSF values (<26 N) with lower CL (<20%) and were most preferred and described as “juicy” and “tender” by consumers. Observed results suggest that combined mild SVC and papain may potentiate tenderness, conjointly favor juiciness and oxidation, further representing a promising tool for reducing SVC time without compromising valued sous vide sensory traits.