bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Control of Magnetic Anisotropy through an External Electric Field
Authors: Goswami Tamal , Misra Anirban 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe effect of an external electric field on the magnetic anisotropy of a single‐molecule magnet has been investigated, for the first time, with the help of DFT. The application of an electric field can alter the magnetic anisotropy from “easy‐plane” to “easy‐axis” type. Excitation analysis performed through time‐dependent DFT predicts that the external electric field facilitates metal to π‐acceptor ligand charge transfer, leading to uniaxial magnetic anisotropy and concomitant spin Hall effect in a single molecule.
Turbulent couette flow between corrugated walls: The case with motion of one wall perpendicular to the corrugation cavities
Authors: Nasab Nina Rajabi , Mithrush Troy , Olson James A. , Martinez D. Mark 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this work, we numerically examine the two dimensional flow of a Newtonian fluid in the gap formed between two opposing cavities. The fluid is driven by the motion of the upper cavity and the case considered represents a simplified version of the geometry found in Low Consistency (LC) refiners. Numerical studies were conducted in which we characterized the effect of gap size on the flow field. Then, we examine material transport between the cavities by introducing a passive scalar to represent the motion of tracer particles. A large number of unsteady simulations were conducted over the range of velocities and gap sizes. Over the range of parameters studied, we identify two characteristic flow fields, defined as either steady or unsteady.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Graphene Oxide‐Wrapped Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Materials: Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Cui Yi , Zhou Ding , Sui Zhuyin , Han Baohang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)‐wrapped gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) hybrid materials are constructed via one‐pot sonochemical synthesis and self‐assembly, using ethylene glycol as the reducing agent. The synthesis process above took only 1 h, and the obtained hybrid materials exist as spheres wrapped with gauze‐like GO sheets via ionic interaction‐based self‐assembly. The GO sheets are helpful for the well dispersion of the Au NPs. Furthermore, these materials possess enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, owing to the synergistic effect of the two components in the hybrid materials. Our work may provide a convenient approach to control the size and morphology of the Au NPs for the synthesis of GO‐wrapped hybrid materials, which opens up a feasible way to synthesize metal NPs/GO composites. Moreover, this method might lead to developing of a broad class of new functionalized materials wrapped with GO sheets.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Optically Active Bis(β‐hydroxy) Sulfones through Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Corresponding Ketones Catalyzed by a Chiral Cationic Ruthenium Diamine Catalyst
Authors: Huang Xiaofei , Zhao Min , Li Naikai , Li Haiyan , Li Jie , Wang Xingwang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractChiral molecules containing sulfonyl and 1,5‐diol moieties are useful synthetic blocks for various asymmetric transformations. A protocol has been developed for the enantioselective synthesis of optically active bis(β‐hydroxy) sulfones catalyzed by a chiral cationic ruthenium diamine catalyst. A series of bis(β‐hydroxy) sulfones have been obtained in excellent yields (up to 99%) with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%) as well as good diastereoselectivities (up to 99:1).
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed All Carbon‐[4+2] Cyclocondensation of α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Chlorides with 3‐Alkylenyloxindoles
Authors: Shen Litao , Jia Wenqiang , Ye Song 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlthough the NHC‐catalyzed cyclization reactions have been well established for the synthesis of various heterocycles, the corresponding all carbon cyclization reaction for the synthesis of carbocycles is far less established. In this note, the NHC‐catalyzed all carbon [4+2] cyclocondensation of α,β‐unsaturated acyl chlorides and 3‐alkenyloxindoles was developed to give the corresponding spirocarbocyclic oxindoles in good yield with good to high diastereoselectivities.
Primary‐Tertiary Diamine/Br⊘nsted Acid Catalyzed α‐Allylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Cui Lingyun , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong , Cheng Jin‐Pei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA simple and direct α‐allylic alkylation of unmodified aldehydes with allylic alcohols catalyzed by primary amine/Br⊘nsted acid has been developed. The N,N‐dimethylethylenediamine/TfOH was identified as the optimal catalyst to promote this transformation via an enamine process in high yields (up to 88%) and with good diastereoselectivities (up to 9:1).
Molecular Mechanism of Action of 2‐Ferrocenyl‐1,1‐diphenylbut‐1‐ene on HL‐60 Leukemia Cells
Authors: de Oliveira Alane Cabral , da Silva Emanuella Gomes , Rocha Danilo Damasceno , Hillard Elizabeth A. , Pigeon Pascal , Jaouen Gérard , Rodrigues Felipe A. R. , de Abreu Fabiane C. , da Rocha Ferreira Fabrícia , Goulart Marilia O. F. , Costa‐Lotufo Letícia V. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate the mechanism of action of 2‐ferrocenyl‐1,1‐diphenylbut‐1‐ene (1) on HL‐60 human leukemia cells. While inactive against noncancerous cells, 1 provoked a concentration‐dependent decrease in viable tumor cells, primarily via apoptosis, as evidenced by analysis of cell morphology, activation of caspases 3 and 7, increased DNA fragmentation, and externalization of phosphatidylserine. Necrosis was observed only at the highest tested concentration (4 μM). Compound 1 interfered with the cell cycle, causing an accumulation of cells in the G1/G0 phase. Interaction of 1 with dsDNA and ssDNA was observed by differential pulse voltammetry and confirmed by hyperchromicity in the UV/Vis spectra of dsDNA, with an interaction constant of 2×104 M−1. Both the organic analogue 1,1,2‐triphenylbut‐1‐ene (2) and ferrocene were inactive against cancer and noncancer cell lines and did not react with DNA. These results reinforce the idea that the hybrid strategy of conjugating ferrocene to the structure of tamoxifen derivatives is advantageous in finding new substances with antineoplastic activity.
Rapid Double‐Dye‐Layer Coating for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells using a New Method
Authors: Jung Cho‐long , Han Chi‐Hwan , Moon Doo Kyung , Jun Yongseok 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntensive research with the specific aim of developing inexpensive renewable energy sources is currently being undertaken. In dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) production, the most time‐consuming process is coating the dye on working electrodes: absorption of ruthenium‐based dyes [e.g., N719=bis(trtrabutylammonium)‐cis‐di(thiocyanato)‐N,N′‐bis(4‐carboxylato‐4′‐carboxylic acid‐2,2′‐bipyridine) ruthenium(II)] on a photoanode takes a long time. We report a simple dye‐coating method using a mixed solvent of ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (Gly). According to our experiments, dye‐coating time can be reduced to 5 min from several hours. Maximum performance was obtained with an EG/Gly ratio of 1:1. This mixture of solvents gave a performance of 9.1 %. Furthermore, the viscous solvent system could control coating depth; positioning dye coatings to a specific depth was rapid and facile. A cell containing two different dyes (N719+black dye) had an efficiency of 9.4 %.
Multi‐parameter dose estimations in radiation biodosimetry using the automated cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay with imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Rodrigues M. A. , Beaton‐Green L. A. , Kutzner B. C. , Wilkins R. C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established technique in radiation biological dosimetry for estimating the dose to an individual by measuring the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in binucleated lymphocyte cells (BNCs). The assay has been partially automated using slide‐scoring algorithms, but an automated multiparameter method without the need of the slide‐making procedure would be advantageous to further increase throughput for application in mass casualty events. The development of the ImageStreamX (ISX) imaging flow cytometer has made it possible to adapt the CBMN assay to an automated imaging flow cytometry (FCM) method. The protocol and analysis presented in this work tailor and expand the assay to a multiparameter biodosimetry tool. Ex vivo irradiated whole blood samples were cultured, processed, and analyzed on the ISX and BNCs, MN, and mononuclear cells were imaged, identified, and enumerated automatically and simultaneously. Details on development of the method, gating strategy, and dose response curves generated for the rate of MN per BNC, percentage of mononuclear cells as well as the replication index are presented. Results indicate that adapting the CBMN assay for use in imaging FCM has produced a rapid, robust, multiparameter analysis method with higher throughput than is currently available with standard microscopy. We conclude that the ISX‐CBMN method may be an advantageous tool following a radiological event where triage biodosimetry must be performed on a large number of casualties. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Signaling to the microtubule cytoskeleton: An unconventional role for CaMKII
Authors: McVicker Derrick P. , Millette Matthew M. , Dent Erik W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is a hallmark of the nervous system and is thought to be integral to higher brain functions such as learning and memory. Calcium, acting as a second messenger, and the calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase CaMKII are key regulators of neuronal plasticity. Given the importance of the actin and microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton in dendritic spine morphology, composition and plasticity, it is not surprising that many regulators of these cytoskeletal elements are downstream of the CaMKII pathway. In this review, we discuss the emerging role of calcium and CaMKII in the regulation of MTs and cargo unloading during synaptic plasticity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 423–434, 2015
Mono‐ and Hetero‐Dinuclear Complexes of Janus‐Head NHC Ligands Possessing Backbone Phosphinoyl Groups: the Case of Soft and Hard Metal Centers
Authors: Majhi Paresh Kumar , Serin Spencer C. , Schnakenburg Gregor , Gates Derek P. , Streubel Rainer 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and structures of RhI and IrI complexes bearing 4‐phosphinoyl‐ and 4,5‐bis(phosphinoyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene ligands (NHCP) is reported. Deprotonation of the corresponding imidazolium hydrogen sulfate salts by KOtBu in the presence of [M(cod)Cl]2 afforded complexes of the formula [M(cod)Cl(NHCP)] [5a/5b: NHCP = 4‐Ph2P(O)‐IiPrMe, 5a: M = Rh, 5b: M = Ir and 7a/7b: NHCP = 4,5‐{Ph2P(O)}2‐InBuMe]. The RhI complexes 5a and 7a were then converted into [Rh(CO)2Cl(NHCP)] 8a and 9a via reaction with carbon monoxide; the average CO stretching frequencies [8a: $\tilde {\nu}$(CO)av = 2036 cm–1 and 9a: $\tilde {\nu}$(CO)av = 2038.4 cm–1] led to the conclusion that mono‐ and bis‐functionalized NHCPs act as relatively weaker donors than backbone unsubstituted NHC. A first examination of Janus‐head ligand properties of complex 7a revealed that reaction with TiCl4 afforded hetero‐dinuclear 10a,a′ as a mixture of isomeric monodentate phosphinoyl titanium(IV) adducts. All products were characterized by elemental analyses, spectroscopic and spectrometric methods and, in addition, complexes 7a and 7b by single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis.
A selective α2B adrenoceptor agonist (A‐1262543) and duloxetine modulate nociceptive neurones in the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the spinal cord of neuropathic rats
Authors: Chu K.L. , Xu J. , Frost J. , Li L. , Gomez E. , Dart M.J. , Jarvis M.F. , Meyer M.D. , McGaraughty S. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe noradrenergic system contributes to pain modulation, but the roles of its specific adrenoceptors are still being defined. We have identified a novel, potent (rat EC50 = 4.3 nM) and selective α2B receptor agonist, A‐1262543, to further explore this adrenoceptor subtype's contribution to pathological nociception.MethodsSystemic administration of A‐1262543 (1–10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) dose‐dependently attenuated mechanical allodynia in animals with a spinal nerve ligation injury. To further explore its mechanism of action, the activity of nociceptive neurones in the spinal cord and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were examined after injection of 3 mg/kg of A‐1262543 (intravenous, i.v.). These effects were compared with duloxetine (3 mg/kg, i.v.), a dual noradrenaline (NA) and serotonin (5‐HT) reuptake inhibitor.ResultsSystemic administration of A‐1262543 or duloxetine did not alter the spontaneous or evoked firing of spinal wide dynamic range and nociceptive‐specific neurones in the neuropathic rats, indicating that neither compound engaged spinal, peripheral or descending pathways. In contrast to the lack of effect on spinal neurones, both A‐1262543 and duloxetine reduced the evoked and spontaneous firing of ‘pain‐responsive’ (PR) neurones in the mPFC. Duloxetine, but not A‐1262543, also inhibited the firing of pain non‐responsive (nPR) neurones in the mPFC probably reflecting duloxetine's contribution to modulating non‐pain endpoints.ConclusionsThese data highlight that activation of the α2B adrenoceptor as well as inhibiting NA and 5‐HT reuptake can result in modulating the ascending nociceptive system, and in particular, dampening the firing of PR neurones in the mPFC.
Pilot‐scale parametric evaluation of concentrated piperazine for CO2 capture at an Australian coal‐fired power station
Authors: Cousins Ashleigh , Huang Sanger , Cottrell Aaron , Feron Paul H.M. , Chen Eric , Rochelle Gary T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractConcentrated piperazine (PZ) is a promising new solvent under consideration for post‐combustion capture (PCC) of CO2. A solution of 8 molal PZ was recently evaluated at the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant in Australia. Initial operation involved evaluation of different operating conditions at the plant to determine the minimum energy conditions for this solvent. Comparison was made to results achieved previously at the same pilot plant with 30 wt% monoethanolamine (MEA). Regeneration energy requirements achieved with concentrated PZ were consistently lower than those achieved with MEA. The lowest regeneration energy for PZ at the pilot plant (2.9 MJ/kgCO2) was roughly 15% lower than the best result predicted for MEA. Inter‐cooling located at the center of the absorber column was also evaluated for the concentrated PZ solvent. The benefit of inter‐cooling was found to depend on the operating conditions of the plant, with operation at higher liquid‐to‐gas (L/G) ratios showing a more pronounced effect. For an L/G ratio of 3.3 kg/kg, inter‐cooling was found to lower the regeneration energy required for PZ by approximately 10%.
From details to large scale: The representation of environmental positions follows a granularity gradient along the human hippocampal and entorhinal anterior–posterior axis
Authors: Evensmoen Hallvard Røe , Ladstein Jarle , Hansen Tor Ivar , Møller Jarle Alexander , Witter Menno P. , Nadel Lynn , Håberg Asta K. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn rodents representations of environmental positions follow a granularity gradient along the hippocampal and entorhinal anterior–posterior axis; with fine‐grained representations most posteriorly. To investigate if such a gradient exists in humans, functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during virtual environmental learning of the objects' positions and the association between the objects and room geometry. The Objects‐room geometry binding led to increased activation throughout the hippocampus and in the posterior entorhinal cortex. Within subject comparisons related specifically to the level of spatial granularity of the object position encoding showed that activation in the posterior and intermediate hippocampus was highest for fine‐grained and medium‐grained representations, respectively. In addition, the level of fine granularity in the objects' positions encoded between subjects correlated with posterior hippocampal activation. For the anterior hippocampus increased activation was observed for coarse‐grained representations as compared to failed encoding. Activation in anterior hippocampus correlated with the number of environments in which the objects positions were remembered when permitting a coarse representation of positions. In the entorhinal cortex, activation in the posterior part correlated with level of fine granularity for the objects' positions encoded between subjects, and activation in the posterior and intermediate entorhinal cortex increased for medium‐grained representations. This demonstrates directly that positional granularity is represented in a graded manner along the anterior–posterior axis of the human hippocampus, and to some extent entorhinal cortex, with most fine‐grained positional representations posteriorly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Current status and perspective of endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided gastrojejunostomy: endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided double‐balloon‐occluded gastrojejunostomy (with videos)
Authors: Itoi Takao , Ishii Kentaro , Tanaka Reina , Umeda Junko , Tonozuka Ryosuke 
Published: August 2014

Abstract Surgical intervention and, more recently, endoscopic intervention have been performed for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction. Recently, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)‐guided gastrojejunostomy using special devices has been established. In line with this, we have developed a novel EUS‐guided double‐balloon‐occluded gastrojejunostomy (EBOG) using a lumen‐apposing biflanged metal stent. Herein, we describe the technique and outcome of EBOG.
Active co‐infection with HBV and/or HCV in South African HIV positive patients due for cancer therapy
Authors: Musyoki Andrew M. , Msibi Thembeni L. , Motswaledi Mojakgomo H. , Selabe Selokela G. , Monokoane Tshweu S. , Mphahlele M. Jeffrey 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) share routes of transmission. There is limited data on the incidence of active co‐infection with HBV and/or HCV in cancer patients infected with HIV in Africa. This was a prospective study based on 34 patients with varied cancer diagnosis, infected with HIV and awaiting cancer therapy in South Africa. HIV viral load, CD4+ cell counts, Alanine‐aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were tested. Exposure to HBV and HCV was assessed serologically using commercial kits. Active HBV and/or HCV co‐infection was detected using viral specific nested PCR assays. HCV 5′‐UTR PCR products were sequenced to confirm active HCV infection. Active viral infection was detected in 64.7% of patients for HBV, 38.2% for HCV, and 29.4% for both HBV and HCV. Occult HBV infection was observed in 63.6% of the patients, while seronegative HCV infection was found in 30.8% of patients. In addition, CD4+ cell count < 350 cells/µl was not a risk factor for increased active HBV, HCV or both HBV and HCV co‐infections. A total of 72.7%, 18.2% and 9.1% of the HCV sequences were assigned genotype 5, 1 and 4 respectively.The study revealed for the first time a high active HBV and/or HCV co‐infection rate in cancer patients infected with HIV. The findings call for HBV and HCV testing in such patients, and where feasible, appropriate antiviral treatment be indicated, as chemotherapy or radiotherapy has been associated with reactivation of viral hepatitis and termination of cancer therapy. J. Med. Virol. 87:213–221, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Drivers of North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream variability
Authors: Hall Richard , Erdélyi Róbert , Hanna Edward , Jones Julie M. , Scaife Adam A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPolar front jet stream variability is responsible for instances of extreme weather and is crucial for regional climate change. The North Atlantic Polar Front jet stream is of particular significance to the heavily populated areas of western Europe and eastern North America as storm track variability, atmospheric modes of variability such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), temperature and rainfall are all intimately linked with jet stream changes. Although seasonal and interannual variability are often attributed to internal variability, there are several possible drivers of polar front jet stream changes that are reviewed in this study. Cryospheric effects from sea‐ice extent and snow cover, oceanic effects from North Atlantic sea‐surface temperatures and tropical influences such as the El‐Niño Southern Oscillation, and stratospheric effects due to stratospheric circulation variability, solar variability, volcanic eruptions and the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation are all identified in the literature as factors that impact on the Atlantic Polar Front jet stream. These drivers of jet stream variability can oppose or reinforce one another, and there are some indications of possible nonlinear interactions between them. We also review the modelling of jet stream variability. While a consensus has now been reached that some observed drivers can be reproduced in climate models, we conclude that improved understanding of more recently identified drivers of the Atlantic extratropical jet stream is crucial for making progress in regional climate predictions on all timescales from months to decades ahead.
Labrador tea – the aromatic beverage and spice: a review of origin, processing and safety
Authors: Dampc Anna , Luczkiewicz Maria 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLabrador tea is a name for the dried leaves of Rhododendron groenlandicum, R. tomentosum or R. neoglandulosum (family Ericaceae, previously genus Ledum) as well as for the beverage native to North America, which is made from them. The above species are rich in the essential oil, which gives a conifer aroma to the tisane. Labrador tea is a valuable source of ascorbic acid, with tonic, improving digestion and relaxing activity. However, this beverage should not be drunk more than once daily because of the ledol and grayanotoxin toxicity. The common recipe for making Labrador tea is to add one teaspoonful of dried leaves to one cup of boiling water and to brew for 5 min. It is often sweetened or enriched with other flavors. Additionally, Labrador tea dried leaves are used to spice meat, soups, sauces, salads, beer, cakes and other dishes. In agriculture, its insecticidal properties can be useful for controlling pests. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved Photovoltaic Performance of a Side‐Chain D–A Polymer in Polymer Solar Cells by Shortening the Phenyl Spacer between the D and A Units
Authors: Su Wenyan , Fan Qunping , Xiao Manjun , Chen Jianhua , Zhou Pei , Liu Bin , Tan Hua , Liu Yu , Yang Renqiang , Zhu Weiguo 
Published: August 2014

To study the influence of the spacer between the donor (D) and acceptor (A) units in a side chain on the photophysical and photovoltaic performance, a novel side‐chain D–A conjugated copolymer of PDPAT‐BDT‐BT is made, which contains binary donor units of N,N‐diphenyl­thiophen‐2‐amine (DPAT) and benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) in the main chain and an appending benzothiadiazole (BT) acceptor unit in the side chain. Compared with its counterpart of PDPAT‐BDT‐BT, which has an additional phenyl spacer between the DPAT and BT units, this PDPAT‐BDT‐BT exhibits a smaller optical bandgap, a broader absorption range, and a lower highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level (−5.42 eV), as well as improved photovoltaic properties in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells containing [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester as an electron acceptor. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 3.27% with an open circuit voltage of 0.87 V and a fill factor of 49.8% are obtained in the cells. This work indicates that the photophysical and photovoltaic performance of the side‐chain D–A polymers in polymer solar cells can be significantly improved by shortening the phenyl spacer between the D and A units.
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