bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Effects of Microbial Gibberellic Acid and Vitamins on Onion (Allium cepa L.) Yield, and Quality in Low-Fertility Soil
Authors: Mahmoud Ghada Abd-Elmonsef , Hefzy Mohamed , Zahran Mostafa M. A. A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOnion is one of the most popular vegetables that play a major role in boosting immunity against diseases. As a result of the successive population increase, many farmers resort to excessive use of chemical plant growth enhancers to increase the crop's productivity, which causes many health and environmental problems and reduces the sustainability of the soil. Microbial phytohormones and vitamins are safe, eco-friendly, and effective natural solutions to increase the crop's productivity and maintain the soil health at the same time. To our knowledge, until know there is no information about the roles of microbial gibberellic acid (GA3), and vitamins on the growth and quality traits of onions. Two field experiments were conducted during two consecutive winter seasons in a sandy calcareous soil farm. Two treatments were in the main plot (without and with microbial GA3), and six were in the sub-plot (control, chemical thiamine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and microbial ascorbic acid and riboflavin). Plant growth parameters including plant height, fresh weight, leaf number, bulb diameter, and neck diameter were recorded. Onion yield and their quality traits of sugar content, protein, antioxidants, vitamin C, phenols, flavonoids, and NPK were measured. The major findings revealed that plants treated with applications of microbial GA3 or vitamin treatments significantly improved the onion yield, phenotypic, physiological, and biochemical characteristics in both seasons. In the majority of the measured parameters, the microbial ascorbic acid treatment outperformed the other vitamin treatments. The combination of foliar microbial GA3 spray and vitamins, especially microbial ascorbic acid, and microbial riboflavin, produced the high onion yield, growth and quality traits of plant height, number of leaves, fresh weights, bulb diameter, sugar content, vitamin C, total antioxidants, total phenols, and flavonoids during both seasons. The application of microbial GA3 in combination with microbial vitamins as foliar spraying are promising eco-friendly, cheap, plant bio-stimulators that could be used safely in the field, especially under low-fertility soil, for good growth, yield, and high-quality onions.
Enhancing the Performance of Vocational Education in the Digital Economy with the Application of Fuzzy Logic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Aiwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVocational education improves the skill and efficiency of students/learners in addition to their regular courses. Within a short period of such courses, the performance has to be improved for providing professional development. In this article, the fuzzy-based performance improvement validation method (FPIVM) is introduced. This method excels in analyzing the performance of instructor-centered vocational education improvements for varied learners. In this process, the differential performance between various training and learning sessions is identified for identifying the gap in skill improvement. The fuzzy process operates using continuous intervals for performance measures based on instructor and learner scores. This is synchronized based on the existing learner’s skill and the instructor’s efficiency in meeting the vocational course study level. In particular, the fuzzification over the independent (learner and trainer) skill score is updated for new intervals. Such skill scores are classified as high or low compared to the previous outcomes. This improves the change in instructor or mode of education for successive sessions. Thus, the quality and performance of the sessions are retained unanimously for providing better outcomes. The outcomes are revised after each session for sustaining a high learning score regardless of student density.
Ball milling boosted magnetic cotton husk-derived biochar adsorptive removal of oxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin from water
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Fengxia , Ma Yongfei , Dai Lihong , Zhang Zulin , Guo Haixin , Ding Yongzhen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) contamination have caused serious risks to human health, and modified biochar is considered as a potential adsorbent for their removal. The typical agricultural waste of cotton husk was used as the feedstock, then was combined with γ-Fe2O3 and ball milling to innovatively synthesize nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) supporting magnetic cotton hush-derived biochar (Fe2O3@BMBC) by reductive calcination. Fe2O3@BMBC performed excellent adsorption performance with a maximum adsorption capacity for OTC (266.7 mg·g−1) and CIP (83.36 mg·g−1), and its adsorption capacity was 1.6 and 2.3 times that of cotton husk biochar (BC). Characterization analysis showed that Fe2O3@BMBC contained abundant oxygenated functional groups (e.g., -OH, C = O and Fe–O) and its surface was covered by diverse iron oxides. The high magnetization sensitivity of Fe2O3@BMBC guaranteed that it was easily to be separated by a magnet. Oxygenated functional groups (e.g., -OH, C = O and Fe–O) participated in the adsorption process, and solution pH significantly affected the adsorption behaviour, and pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model better fitting the kinetics and isotherms data. These results confirmed that π-π conjugation, H-bonding, Fe–O complexation and electrostatic interactions contributed to the greater adsorption capacity of Fe2O3@BMBC. Ethanol + ultrasound could efficiently regenerate the used Fe2O3@BMBC and maintain its sustainable adsorption performance for OTC and CIP. Additionally, Fe2O3@BMBC performed a good environmental security in a wide pH range (from 3 to 11) in view of the low leaching risk of Fe.
Graphical Abstract
Heavy rainfall and thunderstorms in south interior Karnataka: a case study on august 31, 2023
Authors: Patil Chanabasanagouda S. , Shaik Darga Saheb , Nagaraja Kamsali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudy aims to conduct a synoptic and thermodynamic analysis of significant rainfall events that happened during the break monsoon season. During the investigation of meteorological events, it was observed that the monsoon trough at mean sea level passed along the foothills of the Himalaya. On August 31, 2023, there was a cyclonic circulation observed in the northeast Bay of Bengal as well as adjacent areas, reaching an altitude of 5.8 km above mean sea level (AMSL). This circulation tilted southwestward with height. During the period of August 31-September 2, 2023, there was a cyclonic circulation persistent that occurred inside a particular geographical area. This phenomenon extended up to a height of 4.5 km AMSL and exhibited a south-westward tilt as the altitude increased. On August 31, 2023, the Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) was measured to be 2153 J/kg, whereas the Convective Inhibition Energy (CINE) was recorded as 0 J/kg. INSAT-3D satellite image showed a cloud top temperature of – 40 °C to – 60 °C. The Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) pictures also showed convective clouds to support this phenomenon. The synoptic and thermodynamic indices indicate a high likelihood of significant precipitation occurring over Bengaluru and its surrounding regions.
The ambiguous nature of complex semantic types: an experimental investigation
Authors: Huyghe Richard , Barque Lucie , Delafontaine François , Salvadori Justine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWords with complex semantic types such as book are characterised by a multiplicity of interpretations that are not mutually exclusive (e.g., as a physical object and/or informational content). Their status with respect to lexical ambiguity is notoriously unclear, and it is debatable whether complex types are a particular form of polysemy (closely related to metonymy) or whether they belong to monosemy. In this study, we investigate the nature of complex types by conducting two experiments on ambiguous nouns in French. The first experiment collects speakers’ judgements about the sameness of meaning between different uses of complex-type, metonymic and monosemous words. The second experiment uses a priming paradigm and a sensicality task to investigate the online processing of complex-type words, as opposed to metonymic and monosemous words. Overall results indicate that, on a continuum of lexical ambiguity, complex types are closer to monosemy than to metonymy. The different interpretations of complex-type words are highly connected and fall under the same meaning, arguably in relation to a unique reference. These results suggest that complex types are associated with single underspecified entries in the mental lexicon. Moreover, they highlight the need for a model of lexical representations of ambiguous words that can account for the difference between complex types and metonymy.
On the Factors Controlling the Relationship Between Type of Pulsating Aurora and Energy of Pulsating Auroral Electrons: Simultaneous Observations by Arase Satellite, Ground‐Based All‐Sky Imagers and EISCAT Radar
Authors: Ito Y. , Hosokawa K. , Ogawa Y. , Miyoshi Y. , Tsuchiya F. , Fukizawa M. , Kasaba Y. , Kazama Y. , Oyama S. , Murase K. , Nakamura S. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Kasahara S. , Hori T. , Yokota S. , Keika K. , Matsuoka A. , Teramoto M. , Shinohara I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulsating Aurora (PsA) is one of the major classes of diffuse aurora associated with precipitation of a few to a few tens of keV electrons from the magnetosphere. Recent studies suggested that, during PsA, more energetic (i.e., sub‐relativistic/relativistic) electrons precipitate into the ionosphere at the same time. Those electrons are considered to be scattered at the higher latitude part of the magnetosphere by whistler‐mode chorus waves propagating away from the magnetic equator. However, there have been no actual cases of simultaneous observations of precipitating electrons causing PsA (PsA electrons) and chorus waves propagating toward higher latitudes; thus, we still do not quite well understand under what conditions PsA electrons become harder and precipitate to lower altitudes. To address this question, we have investigated an extended interval of PsA on 12 January 2021, during which simultaneous observations with the Arase satellite, ground‐based all‐sky imagers and the European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) radar were conducted. We found that, when the PsA shape became patchy, the PsA electron energy increased and Arase detected intense chorus waves at magnetic latitudes above 20°, indicating the propagation of chorus waves up to higher latitudes along the field line. A direct comparison between the irregularities of the magnetospheric electron density and the emission intensity of PsA patches at the footprint of the satellite suggests that the PsA morphology and the energy of PsA electrons are determined by the presence of “magnetospheric density ducts,” which allow chorus waves to travel to higher latitudes and thereby precipitate more energetic electrons.
Fluid‐Driven Particle Migration and Its Impact on Hydraulic Transmissivity of Stressed Filled Fractures
Authors: Tan Jie , Li Bingchen , Li Changdong , Zhan Hongbin , Zhou Jia‐Qing , Tang Yating , Tang Huiming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe accurate assessment of hydraulic transmissivity in rock fractures filled with particles is not only a scientific challenge but also a critical need for various industrial applications. However, the intricate dynamics of particle erosion and pore clogging that govern transmissivity evolution remain largely unexplored. In this study, we experimentally examine the fluid‐driven particle migration behavior in filled fractures and its consequent impact on fracture transmissivity under various hydraulic gradients, normal stresses, and fracture apertures. We find that escalating hydraulic gradients not only intensify particle erosion through amplified fluid drag forces and hydro‐mechanical coupling effects but also lead to an increase in the size of migrating particles, thereby augmenting pore clogging. The dynamics of erosion and clogging define four distinct migration phases within the filled fractures. Variations in normal stress and initial fracture aperture significantly alter the particle arrangement and the soil structure stability within the fractures, thereby modulating the progress of particle migration in response to hydraulic gradients. The pattern of particle migration in filled fractures dictates the development of the internal pore structure and normal deformation, ultimately affecting fracture transmissivity. We propose an empirical expression to encapsulate the comprehensive evolution of fracture transmissivity across different particle migration patterns. Our research advances the understanding of fluid‐driven particle migration within filled fractures and provides a practical tool for the precise determination of hydraulic properties of fractured rocks amidst complex geological settings.
Diverse Orbital‐Scale Variations of Precipitation Oxygen Isotopes in the Northern Hemisphere Mid‐Latitudes: A Comparative Study Between East Asia and North America
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Xiaodong , Xie Xiaoxun , Yin Zhi‐Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe oxygen isotope (δ18O) records of paleo‐precipitation contain abundant information on past climate changes. Nevertheless, at the orbital scale, our current understanding about the characteristics and mechanisms of precipitation oxygen isotope (δ18Op) variations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid‐latitudes remains limited due to the lack of abundant long‐term geological records. In this study, based on a 300‐ka transient simulation involving stable isotope fractionation processes, we systematically analyzed the characteristics of the orbital‐scale δ18Op variations and their potential mechanisms, especially in two representative regions: mid‐latitude East Asia (MEA) and mid‐latitude North America (MNA) located in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres respectively. Our findings reveal that the MEA δ18Op is dominated by a 23‐ka cycle, ultimately driven by the precession‐induced insolation variation; while the MNA δ18Op primarily exhibits a 100‐ka glacial‐interglacial cycle and is eventually governed by the ice volume forcing. The δ18Op changes in these two regions not only present diverse dominant cycles and forcing factors, but also involve distinct physical processes. In MEA, water vapor transport by the westerly circulation during the rainy season (May–August) is the key process linking the April–July boreal insolation with the annual/rainy‐season δ18Op variations. In contrast, the annual δ18Op changes in MNA mainly depend on the water vapor transport processes triggered by the expansion and retreat of the North American ice sheet, albeit with certain influence of the temperature effect as well. These results suggest that the dominant periodicities and forcing mechanisms of the orbital‐scale δ18Op variations across the NH mid‐latitudes are complex and varied.
Pulse-doubling perovskite nanowire lasers enabled by phonon-assisted multistep energy funneling
Authors: Zhao Chunhu , Guo Jia , Tao Jiahua , Chu Junhao , Chen Shaoqiang , Xing Guichuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaser pulse multiplication from an optical gain medium has shown great potential in miniaturizing integrated optoelectronic devices. Perovskite multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structures have recently been recognized as an effective gain media capable of doubling laser pulses that do not rely on external optical equipment. Although the light amplifications enabled with pulse doubling are reported based on the perovskite MQWs thin films, the micro-nanolasers possessed a specific cavity for laser pulse multiplication and their corresponding intrinsic laser dynamics are still inadequate. Herein, a single-mode double-pulsed nanolaser from self-assembled perovskite MQWs nanowires is realized, exhibiting a pulse duration of 28 ps and pulse interval of 22 ps based on single femtosecond laser pulse excitation. It is established that the continuous energy building up within a certain timescale is essential for the multiple population inversion in the gain medium, which arises from the slowing carrier localization process owning to the stronger exciton–phonon coupling in the smaller-n QWs. Therefore, the double-pulsed lasing is achieved from one fast energy funnel process from the adjacent small-n QWs to gain active region and another slow process from the spatially separated ones. This report may shed new light on the intrinsic energy relaxation mechanism and boost the further development of perovskite multiple-pulse lasers.
Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces
Authors: Park Seongjin , Yu Jaeyeon , Boehm Gerhard , Belkin Mikhail A. , Lee Jongwon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces, which integrate giant nonlinear responses derived from intersubband transitions of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with plasmonic nanoresonators, not only facilitate efficient frequency conversion at pump intensities on the order of few tens of kW cm-2 but also enable electrical modulation of nonlinear responses at the individual meta-atom level and dynamic beam manipulation. The electrical modulation characteristics of the magnitude and phase of the nonlinear optical response are realized through Stark tuning of the resonant intersubband nonlinearity. In this study, we report, for the first time, experimental implementations of electrical modulation characteristics of mid-infrared third-harmonic generation (THG) using an intersubband polaritonic metasurface based on MQW with electrically tunable third-order nonlinear response. Experimentally, we achieved a 450% modulation depth of the THG signal, 86% suppression of zero-order THG diffraction tuning based on local phase tuning exceeding 180 degrees, and THG beam steering using phase gradients. Our work proposes a new route for electrically tunable flat nonlinear optical elements with versatile functionalities.
Enhancing the performance of porous silicon biosensors: the interplay of nanostructure design and microfluidic integration
Authors: Awawdeh Kayan , Buttkewitz Marc A. , Bahnemann Janina , Segal Ester 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis work presents the development and design of aptasensor employing porous silicon (PSi) Fabry‒Pérot thin films that are suitable for use as optical transducers for the detection of lactoferrin (LF), which is a protein biomarker secreted at elevated levels during gastrointestinal (GI) inflammatory disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic pancreatitis. To overcome the primary limitation associated with PSi biosensors—namely, their relatively poor sensitivity due to issues related to complex mass transfer phenomena and reaction kinetics—we employed two strategic approaches: First, we sought to optimize the porous nanostructure with respect to factors including layer thickness, pore diameter, and capture probe density. Second, we leveraged convection properties by integrating the resulting biosensor into a 3D-printed microfluidic system that also had one of two different micromixer architectures (i.e., staggered herringbone micromixers or microimpellers) embedded. We demonstrated that tailoring the PSi aptasensor significantly improved its performance, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 50 nM—which is >1 order of magnitude lower than that achieved using previously-developed biosensors of this type. Moreover, integration into microfluidic systems that incorporated passive and active micromixers further enhanced the aptasensor’s sensitivity, achieving an additional reduction in the LOD by yet another order of magnitude. These advancements demonstrate the potential of combining PSi-based optical transducers with microfluidic technology to create sensitive label-free biosensing platforms for the detection of GI inflammatory biomarkers.
PDZK1 protects against mechanical overload-induced chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by targeting mitochondrial function
Authors: Shao Yan , Zhang Hongbo , Guan Hong , Wu Chunyu , Qi Weizhong , Yang Lingfeng , Yin Jianbin , Zhang Haiyan , Liu Liangliang , Lu Yuheng , Zhao Yitao , Zhang Sheng , Zeng Chun , Wang Guiqing , Bai Xiaochun , Cai Daozhang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMechanical overloading and aging are two essential factors for osteoarthritis (OA) development. Mitochondria have been identified as a mechano-transducer situated between extracellular mechanical signals and chondrocyte biology, but their roles and the associated mechanisms in mechanical stress-associated chondrocyte senescence and OA have not been elucidated. Herein, we found that PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1), one of the PDZ proteins, which belongs to the Na+/H+ Exchanger (NHE) regulatory factor family, is a key factor in biomechanically induced mitochondrial dysfunction and chondrocyte senescence during OA progression. PDZK1 is reduced by mechanical overload, and is diminished in the articular cartilage of OA patients, aged mice and OA mice. Pdzk1 knockout in chondrocytes exacerbates mechanical overload-induced cartilage degeneration, whereas intraarticular injection of adeno-associated virus-expressing PDZK1 had a therapeutic effect. Moreover, PDZK1 loss impaired chondrocyte mitochondrial function with accumulated damaged mitochondria, decreased mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) content and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PDZK1 supplementation or mitoubiquinone (MitoQ) application alleviated chondrocyte senescence and cartilage degeneration and significantly protected chondrocyte mitochondrial functions. MRNA sequencing in articular cartilage from Pdzk1 knockout mice and controls showed that PDZK1 deficiency in chondrocytes interfered with mitochondrial function through inhibiting Hmgcs2 by increasing its ubiquitination. Our results suggested that PDZK1 deficiency plays a crucial role in mediating excessive mechanical load-induced chondrocyte senescence and is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. PDZK1 overexpression or preservation of mitochondrial functions by MitoQ might present a new therapeutic approach for mechanical overload-induced OA.
Nanoparticles destabilizing the cell membranes triggered by NIR light for cancer imaging and photo-immunotherapy
Authors: Tang Dongsheng , Cui Minhui , Wang Bin , Liang Ganghao , Zhang Hanchen , Xiao Haihua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCationic polymers have great potential for cancer therapy due to their unique interactions with cancer cells. However, their clinical application remains limited by their high toxicity. Here we show a cell membrane-targeting cationic polymer with antineoplastic activity (Pmt) and a second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent biodegradable polymer with photosensitizer Bodipy units and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsive thioketal bonds (PBodipy). Subsequently, these two polymers can self-assemble into antineoplastic nanoparticles (denoted mt-NPBodipy) which could further accumulate at the tumor and destroy cell membranes through electrostatic interactions, resulting in cell membrane destabilization. Meanwhile, the photosensitizer Bodipy produces ROS to induce damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNAs to kill cancer cells concertedly, finally resulting in cell membrane lysis and cancer cell death. This work highlights the use of near-infrared light to spatially and temporarily control cationic polymers for photodynamic therapy, photo-immunotherapy, and NIR-II fluorescence for bio-imaging.