bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Remarks on the Riccati Equation Expansion Method for Variable Separation of Nonlinear Models
Authors: Zhang Yu-Peng , Dai Chao-Qing 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Based on the Riccati equation expansion method, 11 kinds of variable separation solutions with different forms of (2+1)-dimensional modified Korteweg–de Vries equation are obtained. The following two remarks on the Riccati equation expansion method for variable separation are made: (i) a remark on the equivalence of different solutions constructed by the Riccati equation expansion method. From analysis, we find that these seemly independent solutions with different forms actually depend on each other, and they can transform from one to another via some relations. We should avoid arbitrarily asserting so-called “new” solutions; (ii) a remark on the construction of localised excitation based on variable separation solutions. For two or multi-component systems, we must be careful with excitation structures constructed by all components for the same model lest the appearance of some un-physical structures. We hope that these results are helpful to deeply study exact solutions of nonlinear models in physical, engineering and biophysical contexts.
Fall-Related Injuries in a Cohort of Community-Dwelling Older Adults Attending Peer-Led Fall Prevention Exercise Classes
Authors: Wurzer Birgit , Waters Debra Lynn , Hale Leigh Anne 
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose:
To investigate reported injuries and circumstances and to estimate the costs related to falls experienced by older adults participating in Steady As You Go (SAYGO) peer-led fall prevention exercise classes.

Methods:
A 12-month prospective cohort study of 207 participants attending community-based SAYGO classes in Dunedin, New Zealand. Types and costs of medical treatment for injuries and circumstances of falls were obtained via standardized fall event questionnaires and phone-administered questionnaires.

Results:
Eighty-four percent completed the study (160 females, 14 males, mean age = 77.5 [standard deviation = 6.5] years). More than a third of the total falls (55/148 total falls, 37%) did not result in any injuries. Most injuries (45%, n = 67) were sprains, grazes, and bruises. Medical attention was sought 26 times (18%), out of which 6 participants (4%) reported fractures (none femoral). The majority of falls occurred while walking. More falls and injuries occurred outdoors (n = 55). The number of times medical treatment was sought correlated with the number of falls in the previous year (r = 0.50, P = .02). The total number of years attending SAYGO was a significant predictor of lower total number of injuries (stepwise regression β = −0.157, t = −1.99, P = .048). The total cost of medical treatment across all reported injurious falls was estimated at NZ$6946 (US$5415).

Discussion:
Older adults participating in SAYGO appear to sustain less severe injuries following a fall than previously reported. More falls and injuries occurred outdoors, suggesting better overall health of these participants. The role of long-term participation in fall prevention exercise classes on injurious falls warrants further investigation.
From Molecules to Patients: The Clinical Applications of Translational Bioinformatics
Authors: Regan K. , Payne P.R.O. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Objective: In order to realize the promise of personalized medicine, Translational Bioinformatics (TBI) research will need to continue to address implementation issues across the clinical spectrum. In this review, we aim to evaluate the expanding field of TBI towards clinical applications, and define common themes and current gaps in order to motivate future research.
Methods: Here we present the state-of-the-art of clinical implementation of TBI-based tools and resources. Our thematic analyses of a targeted literature search of recent TBI-related articles ranged across topics in genomics, data management, hypothesis generation, molecular epidemiology, diagnostics, therapeutics and personalized medicine.
Results: Open areas of clinically-relevant TBI research identified in this review include developing data standards and best practices, publicly available resources, integrative systems-level approaches, user-friendly tools for clinical support, cloud computing solutions, emerging technologies and means to address pressing legal, ethical and social issues.
Conclusions: There is a need for further research bridging the gap from foundational TBI-based theories and methodologies to clinical implementation. We have organized the topic themes presented in this review into four conceptual foci – domain analyses, knowledge engineering, computational architectures and computation methods alongside three stages of knowledge development in order to orient future TBI efforts to accelerate the goals of personalized medicine.
Personalization and Patient Involvement in Decision Support Systems: Current Trends
Authors: Sacchi L. , Lanzola G. , Viani N. , Quaglini S. 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Objectives: This survey aims at highlighting the latest trends (2012-2014) on the development, use, and evaluation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) based decision support systems (DSSs) in medicine, with a particular focus on patient-centered and personalized care.
Methods: We considered papers published on scientific journals, by querying PubMed and Web of ScienceTM. Included studies focused on the implementation or evaluation of ICT-based tools used in clinical practice. A separate search was performed on computerized physician order entry systems (CPOEs), since they are increasingly embedding patient-tailored decision support. Results: We found 73 papers on DSSs (53 on specific ICT tools) and 72 papers on CPOEs. Although decision support through the delivery of recommendations is frequent (28/53 papers), our review highlighted also DSSs only based on efficient information presentation (25/53). Patient participation in making decisions is still limited (9/53), and mostly focused on risk communication. The most represented medical area is cancer (12%). Policy makers are beginning to be included among stakeholders (6/73), but integration with hospital information systems is still low. Concerning knowledge representation/management issues, we identified a trend towards building inference engines on top of standard data models. Most of the tools (57%) underwent a formal assessment study, even if half of them aimed at evaluating usability and not effectiveness.
Conclusions: Overall, we have noticed interesting evolutions of medical DSSs to improve communication with the patient, consider the economic and organizational impact, and use standard models for knowledge representation. However, systems focusing on patient-centered care still do not seem to be available at large.
How Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics May Impact Patient Centered Care and Care Coordination
Authors: Moreau-Gaudry A. , Voros S. ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Sensor, Signal and Imaging Informatics
Published: August 2015

Summary
Objective: This synopsis presents a selection for the IMIA (International Medical Informatics Association) Yearbook 2015 of excellent research in the broad field of Sensor, Signal, and Imaging Informatics published in the year 2014, with a focus on patient centered care coordination.
Methods: The two section editors performed a systematic initial selection and a double blind peer review process to select a list of candidate best papers in the domain published in 2014, from the PubMed and Web of Science databases. A set of MeSH keywords provided by experts was used. This selection was peer-reviewed by external reviewers.
Results: The review process highlighted articles illustrating two current trends related to care coordination and patient centered care: the enhanced capacity to predict the evolution of a disease based on patient-specific information can impact care coordination; similarly, better perception of the patient and his treatment could lead to enhanced personalized care with a potential impact on care coordination.
Conclusions: This review shows the multiplicity of angles from which the question of patient-centered care can be addressed, with consequences on care coordination that will need to be confirmed and demonstrated in the future.
Stereotactic radiosurgery XX: ocular neuromyotonia in association with gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Sze W C Candy , McQuillan Joe , Plowman P Nicholas , MacDougall Niall , Blackburn Philip , Sabin H Ian , Ali Nadeem , Drake William M 
Published: August 2015

Summary
We report three patients who developed symptoms and signs of ocular neuromyotonia (ONM) 3–6 months after receiving gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) for functioning pituitary tumours. All three patients were complex, requiring multi-modality therapy and all had received prior external irradiation to the sellar region. Although direct causality cannot be attributed, the timing of the development of the symptoms would suggest that the GKS played a contributory role in the development of this rare problem, which we suggest clinicians should be aware of as a potential complication.

Learning points

GKS can cause ONM, presenting as intermittent diplopia.

ONM can occur quite rapidly after treatment with GKS.

Treatment with carbamazepine is effective and improve patient's quality of life.
Die Level-3-Verlautbarungen der ESMA – ein sicherer Hafen für den Rechtsanwender?
Authors: Frank Alexander 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung
CESR als Rechtsvorgänger der ESMA verstand seine Verlautbarungen trotz ausdrücklicher Unverbindlichkeit als „safe harbour“ für den Rechtsanwender. Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, ob und inwieweit den – ebenfalls unverbindlichen – Leitlinien und Empfehlungen der ESMA im Einzelfall eine auch normative Wirkung beigemessen werden darf, die über eine bloße Faktizität hinausgeht, insbesondere ob derjenige, der sein Verhalten an den Leitlinien und Empfehlungen der ESMA ausrichtet, sich darauf berufen kann, „nichts falsch gemacht“ zu haben.
AIF-Verwahrstellen nach dem Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB)
Authors: Janzen Alex 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Beauftragung, Funktion, Aufgaben, Aufsicht und Haftung von AIF-Verwahrstellen nach dem EU-Recht und dem Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB). Die hochkomplexe Materie wird systematisch aufbereitet, das Zusammenwirken der Regelungen des europäischen und des deutschen Rechts wird aufgezeigt. Der Beitrag diskutiert aktuelle Problemfelder, die sich bei der Umsetzung der europarechtlichen Vorgaben und KAGB-Regelungen ergeben.
Timing of Femoral Shaft Fracture Fixation Affects Length of Hospital Stay in Patients with Multiple Injuries
Authors: Morshed Saam , Mikhail Christopher , Miclau III Theodore 
Published: August 2015

Purpose :Appropriate timing of definitive fracture care in the setting of polytrauma remains controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether timing of definitive fixation of femur fractures impacts subsequent length of hospital stay, a surrogate for postoperative morbidity, in patients with multi-system trauma.Methods :Secondary analysis of data from the National Trauma Data Bank (January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2004) was performed. Adult patients who: (1) had an open or closed femoral shaft fracture, (2) had an injury severity score (ISS) greater than or equal to 15, (3) and underwent definitive internal fixation were included. Time to fixation was divided into 5 time periods based on commonly used cut-off points from the literature: (1) 12 hours or less, (2) between 12 and 24 hours, (3) between 24 and 48 hours, (4) between 48 and 120 hours, and (5) more than 120 hours. Because we consider length of stay a surrogate for adverse outcome causally affected by treatment time, the outcome variable was calculated as the duration of hospitalization following definitive treatment. Time to definitive fixation and its effect on post-treatment length of hospital stay was analyzed using median regression with inverse probability of treatment-weighting (IPTW) to control for confounding factors.Results :Compared to fixation during the first 12 hours after admission, median length of hospital stay was significantly higher (2.77 days; 95% confidence interval, 0.54 to 4.72) when fixation occurred between 48 and 120 hours from admission. Among the other time intervals, only treatment between twelve to twenty-four hours after admission was shown to reduce length of stay (-0.61 days; 95% confidence interval, -1.53 to 0.42)versusthe referent interval of the first 12 hours, though this result did not achieve statistical significance. In order to assess the impact of shorter recorded length of stay for deceased patients, sensitivity analysis was conducted excluding all patient that underwent definitive treatment and died. Results were nearly identical for the second analysis, showing a higher post-treatment length of stay estimated for the population treated between 48 and 120 hoursversushad they been treated within the first 12 hours from admission (2.53 days, 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 4.13).Conclusion :Delayed fixation of femoral shaft fractures in patients with multiple injuries between 2-5 days may lead to an increase in adverse outcomes as evidenced by increased median length of hospital stay. This finding supports prior clinical reports of a perilous period where a “second hit” resulting from definitive internal fixation can occur. Whether there is an optimal window for fixation during which physiologic stress of fracture fixation does not adversely lengthen hospital stay should be the subject of future prospective study.
Periarticular Fractures of the Knee in Polytrauma Patients
Authors: Bertrand M.L. , Andrés-Cano P. , Pascual-López F.J. 
Published: August 2015

Periarticular fractures around the knee are a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. When these fractures are presented in the context of a multiple trauma patient, they are even more difficult to manage because the treatment approach depends not only on the fracture itself, but also on the patient’s general condition. These fractures, caused by high-energy trauma, present complex fracture patterns with severe comminution and major loss of articular congruity, and are often associated with vascular and nerve complications, particularly in the proximal tibia, due to its anatomical features with poor myocutaneous coverage. They are almost always accompanied by soft tissue injury.The management of polytrauma patients requires a multidisciplinary team and accurate systemic stabilization of the patient before undertaking orthopaedic treatment. These fractures are usually addressed sequentially, either according to the general condition of the patient or to the local characteristics of the lesions. In recent decades, various fixation methods have been proposed, but there is still no consensus as to the ideal method for stabilizing these fractures. In this paper, we describe the general characteristics of these fractures, the stabilization methods traditionally used and those that have been developed in recent years, and discuss the treatment sequences proposed as most suitable for the management of these injuries.
Postoperative cerebral glucose metabolism in pediatric patients receiving proton therapy for craniopharyngioma
Authors: Hua Chiaho , Shulkin Barry L. , Indelicato Daniel J. , Li Yimei , Li Xingyu , Boop Frederick A. , Merchant Thomas E. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
The aim of the study was to document postoperative cerebral glucose distribution before proton therapy using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) in children with craniopharyngioma.

METHODS
Between August 2011 and April 2014, 50 patients (20 males, 30 females) enrolled in a prospective trial for craniopharyngioma underwent FDG PET imaging before proton therapy. Proton therapy was delivered using doublescattered beams with a total prescribed dose of 54 cobalt gray equivalent. Tracer uptake in each of 63 anatomical regions was computed after warping PET images to a 3D reference template in Talairach coordinates. Regional uptake was deemed significantly low or high if it exceeded age-corresponding 95% prediction intervals of the normal population. The reference group included 132 children with non-CNS-related diseases and normal-appearing cerebral FDG PET scans.

RESULTS
Median patient age at diagnosis was 8.5 years (range 2–18 years). Forty-eight patients underwent 1–4 tumor-related surgeries before proton therapy, including placement of an Ommaya reservoir in 14 patients. Sixteen patients had symptomatic hydrocephalus that was treated with temporary (external ventricular drain, n = 16) or permanent CSF shunting (ventriculoperitoneal shunt, n = 1). The most commonly seen PET abnormalities in patients before proton therapy were significantly reduced uptake in subregions of the frontal lobe (often involving more than 1 gyrus), medial and ventral portions of the temporal lobe, cingulate gyrus, and caudate nucleus. A significantly high uptake was frequently observed on the contralateral side, including the superior, medial, and inferior temporal gyri and a large portion of the parietal lobe. Statistically significant predictor variables identified in the multivariate analysis for the extent of hypometabolism were sex (p = 0.005), hydrocephalus (p = 0.026), and the number of tumor-related surgeries (p = 0.017).

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative FDG PET of patients with craniopharyngioma revealed metabolic abnormalities in specific regions of the brain. The ability to identify anatomical metabolic defects in individual patients facilitates the investigation of brain injury in children with craniopharyngioma.
Mass-balance reconstruction for Glacier No. 354, Tien Shan, from 2003 to 2014
Authors: Kronenberg Marlene , Barandun Martina , Hoelzle Martin , Huss Matthias , Farinotti Daniel , Azisov Erlan , Usubaliev Ryskul , Gafurov Abror , Petrakov Dmitry , Kääb Andreas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study presents a reconstruction of the seasonal mass balance of Glacier No. 354, located in the Akshiirak range, Kyrgyzstan, from 2003 to 2014. We use a distributed accumulation and temperature-index melt model driven by daily air temperature and precipitation from a nearby meteorological station. The model is calibrated with in situ measurements of the annual mass balance collected from 2011 to 2014. The snow-cover depletion pattern observed using satellite imagery provides additional information on the dynamics of mass change throughout the melting season. Two digital elevation models derived from high-resolution satellite stereo images acquired in 2003 and 2012 are used to calculate glacier volume change for the corresponding period. The geodetic mass change thus derived is used to validate the modelled cumulative glacier-wide balance. For the period 2003–12 we find a cumulative mass balance of –0.40±10mw.e.a-1. This result agrees well with the geodetic balance of –0.48±0.07mw.e.a-1over the same period.
EFFECT OF HIGH PRESSURE COOLANT JET ON CUTTING TEMPERATURE, TOOL WEAR AND SURFACE FINISH IN TURNING HARDENED (HRC 48) STEEL
Authors: Mia Mozammel , Dhar Nikhil Ranjan 
Published: August 2015

Hard turning of harder material differs from conventional turning because of its larger specific cutting forces requirements. The beneficial effects of hard turning can be offset by excessive temperature generation which causes rapid tool wear or premature tool failure if the brittle cutting tools required for hard turning are not used properly. Under these considerations, the concept of high-pressure coolant (HPC) presents itself as a possible solution for high speed machining in achieving slow tool wear while maintaining cutting forces at reasonable levels, if the high pressure cooling parameters can be strategically tuned. This paper deals with an experimental investigation of some aspects of the turning process applied on hardened steel (HRC48) using coated carbide tool under high-pressure coolant, comparing it with dry cut. The results indicate that the use of high-pressure coolant leads to reduced surface roughness, delayed tool flank wear, and lower cutting temperature, while also having a minimal effect on the cutting forces.
Structure and in situ development of the microlichen Gyalectidium paolae (Gomphillaceae, Ascomycota), an overlooked colonist on palm leaves in southwest Florida
Authors: Sanders William B. , de los Ríos Asunción 
Published: August 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Nondeciduous leaves of warm, humid climates can host highly specialized communities of diminutive lichens. The rarely reported Gyalectidium paolae, locally abundant on palm leaves in southwest Florida, may reproduce when as small as 0.15 mm diameter. We examined structural and developmental features to better understand the lifestyle of this extreme ephemeral.METHODS:Blocks containing resin‐embedded thalli were sectioned and examined with TEM and SEM‐BSE. Propagule development was studied with light microscopy applied to inoculated and naturally colonized plastic coverslips placed in the field.KEY RESULTS:Thallus areolae showed a heterogeneous covering that varied from cellular cortex to a simpler structure derived from fungal wall materials and sparse fungal cells of reduced diameter. Plates of crystalline deposits seemed to interrupt thallus structure, elevating the surface layer. No organized algal layer was present. Symbiont interactions were limited to appositional wall contacts with no haustorial penetration observed. Symbiotic propagules germinated promptly, but relative growth of fungal vs. algal components varied considerably. Smaller photobiont cells released from sporangia were present at the periphery of the thallus, or escaped to some distance. Fully formed hyphophores with abundant propagules appeared within 5 months, although there was evidence that propagule formation in Gyalectidium might occur much sooner.CONCLUSIONS:Gyalectidium paolae builds relatively simple thalli with limited fungal structure, prioritizing rapid formation of asexual propagules. Codispersal of algal symbionts permitted propagules to develop directly into thalli, but microenvironmental conditions may strongly influence survival and developmental equilibrium between the two symbionts necessary for success as a lichen.