bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification are regulated in Helicoverpa armigera to cope up with chlorpyrifos insecticide
Authors: Dawkar Vishal V. , Chikate Yojana R. , More Tushar H. , Gupta Vidya S. , Giri Ashok P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHelicoverpa armigera is a key pest in many vital crops, which is mainly controlled by chemical strategies. To manage this pest is becoming challenging due to its ability and evolution of resistance against insecticides. Further, its subsequent spread on nonhost plant is remarkable in recent times. Hence, decoding resistance mechanism against phytochemicals and synthetic insecticides is a major challenge. The present work describes that the digestion, defense and immunity related enzymes are associated with chlorpyrifos resistance in H. armigera. Proteomic analysis of H. armigera gut tissue upon feeding on chlorpyrifos containing diet (CH) and artificial diet (AD) using nano‐liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry identified upregulated 23‐proteins in CH fed larvae. Database searches combined with gene ontology analysis revealed that the identified gut proteins engrossed in digestion, proteins crucial for immunity, adaptive responses to stress, and detoxification. Biochemical and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis of candidate proteins indicated that insects were struggling to get nutrients and energy in presence of CH, while at the same time endeavoring to metabolize chlorpyrifos. Moreover, we proposed a potential processing pathway of chlorpyrifos in H. armigera gut by examining the metabolites using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. H. armigera exhibit a range of intriguing behavioral, morphological adaptations and resistance to insecticides by regulating expression of proteins involved in digestion and detoxification mechanisms to cope up with chlorpyrifos. In these contexts, as gut is a rich repository of biological information; profound analysis of gut tissues can give clues of detoxification and resistance mechanism in insects.
Comparison of three transgenic Bt rice lines for insecticidal protein expression and resistance against a target pest, Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Wang Ya‐Nan , Ke Kai‐Qie , Li Yun‐He , Han Lan‐Zhi , Liu Yan‐Min , Hua Hong‐Xia , Peng Yu‐Fa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo transgenic rice lines (T2A‐1 and T1C‐19b) expressing cry2A and cry1C genes, respectively, were developed in China, targeting lepidopteran pests including Chilo suppressalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). The seasonal expression of Cry proteins in different tissues of the rice lines and their resistance to C. suppressalis were assessed in comparison to a Bt rice line expressing a cry1Ab/Ac fusion gene, Huahui 1, which has been granted a biosafety certificate. In general, levels of Cry proteins were T2A‐1 > Huahui 1 > T1C‐19b among rice lines, and leaf > stem > root among rice tissues. The expression patterns of Cry protein in the rice line plants were similar: higher level at early stages than at later stages with an exception that high Cry1C level in T1C‐19b stems at the maturing stage. The bioassay results revealed that the three transgenic rice lines exhibited significantly high resistance against C. suppressalis larvae throughout the rice growing season. According to Cry protein levels in rice tissues, the raw and corrected mortalities of C. suppressalis caused by each Bt rice line were the highest in the seedling and declined through the jointing stage with an exception for T1C‐19b providing an excellent performance at the maturing stage. By comparison, T1C‐19b exhibited more stable and greater resistance to C. suppressalis larvae than T2A‐1, being close to Huahui 1. The results suggest cry1C is an ideal Bt gene for plant transformation for lepidopteran pest control, and T1C‐19b is a promising Bt rice line for commercial use for tolerating lepidopteran rice pests.
Unhealthy dietary behavior in refractory functional dyspepsia: A multicenter prospective investigation in China
Authors: Jiang Shu Man , Lei Xiao Gai , Jia Lin , Xu Ming , Wang Sheng Bing , Liu Jing , Song Min 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo determine the association of dietary behavior with refractory functional dyspepsia (RFD) and its subtypes in Chinese patients.MethodsThe medical records of patients admitted to the Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology of four hospitals in Mainland China for upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms from June to September 2012 were reviewed and their characteristics were collected. Functional dyspepsia (FD) was diagnosed based on the Rome III criteria. RFD was defined as FD with continuous symptoms for at least 6 months that was unresponsive to at least two kinds of medications. Another 100 healthy volunteers were included as controls. The participants' dietary behaviors were investigated using a questionnaire survey.ResultsOverall, 1341 FD patients were enrolled in the study, including 327 RFD and 1014 non‐RFD (NRFD). Unhealthy dietary behaviors were more prevalent in both RFD and NRFD than in the healthy controls. Skipping meals, eating extra meals and a preference to sweet food and gas‐producing food were more common in the RFD patients. Compared with NRFD, RFD‐epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) patients preferred spicy food, whereas those with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) preferred sweet food and gas‐producing food, and those with both EPS and PDS were found to skip meals and take extra meals more often. Logistic regression analysis showed that skipping meals, eating extra meals and a preference to sweet food and gas‐producing food were risk factors for RFD.ConclusionUnhealthy dietary behaviors, especially skipping meals, eating extra meals and a preference to sweet food and gas‐producing food, were correlated with RFD and its subtypes.
Effect of a common genetic variant microRNA‐146a rs2910164 on colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Wen Qun , Tan Shi Yun , Wang Xiao Fan 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveThere is emerging evidence that the microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) rs2910164 polymorphism might be associated with the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, previous published studies have failed to achieve a definitive conclusion. We aimed to address this issue in an updated meta‐analysis.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, China BioMedicine, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar to identify eligible studies. Case‐control studies written in English that evaluated the association between miR‐146a polymorphism and CRC were included. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated in the quantitative synthesis.ResultsOverall seven case‐control studies including a total of 2978 cases and 3576 cancer‐free or healthy controls were enrolled in the meta‐analysis. The results indicated that there was no association between miR‐146a G/C rs2910164 polymorphism and CRC risk either in the overall analysis or among Asians, when stratified on the basis of ethnicity.ConclusionmiR‐146a G/C genetic polymorphism was not related to the susceptibility to CRC.
Origin of a sudden mass occurrence of the stolbur phytoplasma vector Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae) in Austria
Authors: Johannesen Jes , Riedle‐Bauer Monika 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe grapevine disease ‘bois noir’ is widespread in European viticulture, but in many regions there is a lack of correspondence between disease spread and abundance of the main insect vector, the planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus. This was the situation in Austria until 2012, when a mass occurrence of the vector was observed on Urtica dioica, a new host plant for the vector and reservoir plant for the pathogen, stolbur phytoplasma, in this area. Here we analyse the origin of the Austrian vector populations using genetic markers. The origin was unambiguously assigned to two regional populations, and two causes for the population expansion: immigration of East Central European populations and local demographic expansion. The observed population increase was thus independent of phylogenetic ancestry, but linked to the host plant and the exchange of a specific stolbur phytoplasma strain between the two vector populations. These circumstances are identical to but independent of the emergence of bois noir west of the European Alps, where an exchange between other vector populations associated with U. dioica of another stolbur phytoplasma genotype has led to disease outbreaks. Combined, the independent outbreaks in Austria and Europe west of the Alps are suggestive of an active role for stolbur phytoplasma in the vector–plant interaction and thus the host distribution of the vector.
Thiopurine withdrawal during sustained clinical remission in inflammatory bowel disease: relapse and recapture rates, with predictive factors in 237 patients
Authors: Kennedy N. A. , Kalla R. , Warner B. , Gambles C. J. , Musy R. , Reynolds S. , Dattani R. , Nayee H. , Felwick R. , Harris R. , Marriott S. , Senanayake S. M. , Lamb C. A. , Al‐Hilou H. , Gaya D. R. , Irving P. M. , Mansfield J. , Parkes M. , Ahmad T. , Cummings J. R. F. , Arnott I. D. , Satsangi J. , Lobo A. J. , Smith M. , Lindsay J. O. , Lees C. W. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundThiopurines (azathioprine and mercaptopurine) remain integral to most medical strategies for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Indefinite use of these drugs is tempered by long‐term risks. While clinical relapse is noted frequently following drug withdrawal, there are few published data on predictive factors.AimTo investigate the success of planned thiopurine withdrawal in patients in sustained clinical remission to identify rates and predictors of relapse.MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective cohort study from 11 centres across the UK. Patients included had a definitive diagnosis of IBD, continuous thiopurine use ≥3 years and withdrawal when in sustained clinical remission. All patients had a minimum of 12 months follow‐up post drug withdrawal. Primary and secondary end points were relapse at 12 and 24 months respectively.Results237 patients were included in the study (129 CD; 108 UC). Median duration of thiopurine use prior to withdrawal was 6.0 years (interquartile range 4.4–8.4). At follow‐up, moderate/severe relapse was observed in 23% CD and 12% UC patients at 12 months, 39% CD and 26% UC at 24 months. Relapse rate at 12 months was significantly higher in CD than UC (P = 0.035).Elevated CRP at withdrawal was associated with higher relapse rates at 12 months for CD (P = 0.005), while an elevated white cell count was predictive at 12 months for UC (P = 0.007).ConclusionThiopurine withdrawal in the context of sustained remission is associated with a 1‐year moderate‐to‐severe relapse rate of 23% in Crohn's disease and 12% in ulcerative colitis.
The Effect of Induction of CYP3A4 by St John's Wort on Ambrisentan Plasma Pharmacokinetics in Volunteers of known CYP2C19 Genotype
Authors: Markert Christoph , Kastner Ida Maria , Hellwig Regina , Kalafut Peter , Schweizer Yvonne , Hoffmann Michael Marcus , Burhenne Jürgen , Weiss Johanna , Mikus Gerd , Haefeli Walter Emil 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo evaluate the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on ambrisentan exposure and to assess its modification by St. John's wort (SJW), 20 healthy volunteers (10 CYP2C19 extensive, four poor and six ultrarapid metabolizers) received therapeutic doses of ambrisentan (5 mg qd po) for 20 days and concomitantly SJW (300 mg tid po) for the last 10 days. To quantify changes of CYP3A4 activity, midazolam (3 mg po) as a probe drug was used. Ambrisentan pharmacokinetics was assessed on days 1, 10 and 20, and midazolam pharmacokinetics before and on days 1, 10, 17 and 20. At steady state, ambrisentan exposure was similar in extensive and ultrarapid metabolizers but 43% larger in poor metabolizers (p < 0.01). In all volunteers, SJW reduced ambrisentan exposure and the relative change (17–26%) was similar in all genotype groups. The extent of this interaction did not correlate with the changes in CYP3A activity (midazolam clearance) (rs = 0.23, p = 0.34). Ambrisentan had no effect on midazolam pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, SJW significantly reduced exposure with ambrisentan irrespective of the CYP2C19 genotype. The extent of this interaction was small and thus likely without clinical relevance.
Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and an Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis in Rat Models of Local and Systemic Inflammation
Authors: Rocha Joao , Eduardo‐Figueira Maria , Barateiro Andreia , Fernandes Adelaide , Brites Dora , Bronze Rosario , Duarte Catarina MM , Serra Ana Teresa , Pinto Rui , Freitas Marisa , Fernandes Eduarda , Silva‐Lima Beatriz , Mota‐Filipe Helder , Sepodes Bruno 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRosmarinic acid is a polyphenolic compound and main constituent of Rosmarinus officinalis and has been shown to possess antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. We aimed to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory properties of rosmarinic acid and of an extract of R. officinalis in local inflammation (carrageenin‐induced paw oedema model in the rat), and further evaluate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid in rat models of systemic inflammation: liver ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) and thermal injury models. In the local inflammation model, rosmarinic acid was administered at 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg (p.o.), and the extract was administered at 10 and 25 mg/kg (equivalent doses to rosmarinic acid groups) to male Wistar rats. Administration of rosmarinic acid and extract at the dose of 25 mg/kg reduced paw oedema at 6 hr by over 60%, exhibiting a dose–response effect, suggesting that rosmarinic was the main contributor to the anti‐inflammatory effect. In the liver I/R model, rosmarinic acid was administered at 25 mg/kg (i.v.) 30 min. prior to the induction of ischaemia and led to the significant reduction in the serum concentration of transaminases (AST and ALT) and LDH. In the thermal injury model, rosmarinic acid was administered at 25 mg/kg (i.v.) 5 min. prior to the induction of injury and significantly reduced multi‐organ dysfunction markers (liver, kidney, lung) by modulating NF‐κB and metalloproteinase‐9. For the first time, the anti‐inflammatory potential of rosmarinic acid has been identified, as it causes a substantial reduction in inflammation, and we speculate that it might be useful in the pharmacological modulation of injuries associated to inflammation.
Effect of Ponesimod, a Selective S1P1 Receptor Modulator, on the QT Interval in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Hoch Matthias , Darpo Borje , Brossard Patrick , Zhou Meijian , Stoltz Randall , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPonesimod is an orally active selective sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 1 modulator under investigation for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. This was a single‐centre, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐ and positive‐controlled parallel‐group study investigating the effects of ponesimod on the QTc interval in healthy individuals. A nested cross‐over comparison between moxifloxacin and placebo was included in the combined moxifloxacin/placebo treatment group. Subjects in group A received multiple doses of 10–100 mg ponesimod according to an uptitration regimen on days 2–23 and moxifloxacin‐matching placebo on days 1 and 24. Subjects in group B received ponesimod‐matching placebo on days 2–23 and were randomized to receive either a single dose of 400 mg moxifloxacin or matching placebo on days 1 and 24. The primary end‐point was the baseline‐adjusted, placebo‐corrected effect on the individually corrected QT interval (QTcI) on days 12 (after 5 days of 40 mg ponesimod) and 23 (after 5 days of 100 mg ponesimod). Ponesimod caused a mild QTcI prolongation with a largest effect of 6.9 ms (90% two‐sided confidence interval (CI): 2.5–11.3) and 9.1 ms (90% CI: 4.1–14.0) for doses of 40 mg and 100 mg, respectively. A concentration–effect analysis confirmed the QTcI‐prolonging effect of ponesimod with a shallow slope of 0.0053 ms per ng/mL. Using the concentration–effect analysis, the QTc prolongation caused by 20 mg ponesimod and the current highest therapeutic dose was predicted to be below the level of clinical concern (i.e. an upper bound of the two‐sided 90% CI of ≥10 ms).
On the Selection of Ordinary Differential Equation Models with Application to Predator-Prey Dynamical Models
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Cao Jiguo , Carroll Raymond J. 
Published: October 2014

Summary
We consider model selection and estimation in a context where there are competing ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, and all the models are special cases of a “full” model. We propose a computationally inexpensive approach that employs statistical estimation of the full model, followed by a combination of a least squares approximation (LSA) and the adaptive Lasso. We show the resulting method, here called the LSA method, to be an (asymptotically) oracle model selection method. The finite sample performance of the proposed LSA method is investigated with Monte Carlo simulations, in which we examine the percentage of selecting true ODE models, the efficiency of the parameter estimation compared to simply using the full and true models, and coverage probabilities of the estimated confidence intervals for ODE parameters, all of which have satisfactory performances. Our method is also demonstrated by selecting the best predator-prey ODE to model a lynx and hare population dynamical system among some well-known and biologically interpretable ODE models.
Examining Change in Cortisol Patterns During the 10‐Week Transition to a New Child‐Care Setting
Authors: Bernard Kristin , Peloso Elizabeth , Laurenceau Jean‐Philippe , Zhang Zhiyong , Dozier Mary 
Published: October 2014

The transition to out‐of‐home child care brings a number of challenges for children, including complex peer interactions and extended separations from parents. Children often show a midmorning to afternoon rise in cortisol on child‐care days, compared to the typical diurnal decline seen at home. Changes in cortisol were examined in a wide age range of children (N = 168; 1.2 months to 8 years, M = 3.27 years) during the 10‐week transition to a new child‐care setting. Structural equation modeling using latent change scores showed that children experienced an increase in the cortisol rise at child care across the 10‐week transition. Furthermore, child age moderated the difference between home‐ and child‐care cortisol patterns. Findings are placed in a developmental context, and potential implications and future directions are discussed.
Bound by Laws, or by Values? A Multi‐Level and Cross‐National Approach to Understanding the Protection of Minority Owners in Family Firms
Authors: Stevens Charles E. , Kidwell Roland E. , Sprague Robert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeConceptualResearch Question/IssueHow do firm‐level attributes and country‐level institutions affect cross‐national and firm‐level differences in how minority owner rights in family firms are protected?Research InsightsWe consider differences in family dynamics, stewardship‐oriented organizational culture, and countries' legal and cultural dimensions to develop theory predicting differences in minority owner protection in family firms. We advance propositions and a model delineating the role of these key firm‐level and country‐level constructs.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe contribute to the literature in three ways: (1) We illustrate the importance of family dynamics for predicting the likelihood of a stewardship‐oriented culture to emerge in a family firm; (2) our multi‐level and cross‐national approach extends earlier explanations of agency and stewardship that are centered at the firm, family, and individual levels of analysis; and (3) we consider the impact of cross‐cultural dimensions on family firms, an area that has received limited attention in the literature.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsOur research implies that individuals considering becoming a minority owner in a family firm should take into account not only the legal institutions of that country (which might not be as strong as they first seem) but also intra‐firm family dynamics and the prevalent norms and values of the firm's national culture to get a more complete picture of the protections available to them.
Comparison between double‐guidewire technique and transpancreatic sphincterotomy technique for difficult biliary cannulation
Authors: Huang Long , Yu Qing‐sheng , Zhang Qi , Liu Ju‐da , Wang Zhen 
Published: October 2014

Background and AimThe aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness and complications of the double‐guidewire technique (DWT) with the transpancreatic sphincterotomy (TPS) technique.MethodsFrom January 2013 to December 2014, 366 consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures were carried out. Of 366 procedures, 354 procedures were carried out in patients with native major papilla biliary cannulation. A total of 279 consecutive therapeutic ERCP were included in the study and data of included patients were collected retrospectively. One hundred and thirty‐seven procedures (49.1%) were done with DWT and 142 procedures (50.9%) were done with TPS for patients with difficult cannulation. The results and complications of ERCP were compared.ResultsSuccess rate of first‐attempt cannulation was 62.0% in the DWT group and 81.0% in the TPS group (P = 0.00). Final rate of successful cannulation of the two biliary cannulation techniques was 86.9% and 90.8%, respectively (P = 0.09). Cannulation time in the DWT group was 7.8 ± 1.7 min compared with 3.7 ± 2.3 min in the TPS group (P = 0.00). Overall incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), hemorrhage, perforation and cholangitis was 1.8%, 1.1%, 0.4% and 1.1%, respectively. Adverse event rate was 2.19% in the DWT group and 7.04% in the TPS group (P = 0.04).ConclusionsDWT and TPS procedures were safe and effective. Overall cannulation rate was similar between the groups. Although DWT had a longer cannulation time, it could be considered the preferred technique in patients with failed standard cannulation for lower adverse event rate.
Individuation training with other‐race faces reduces preschoolers’ implicit racial bias: a link between perceptual and social representation of faces in children
Authors: Xiao Wen S. , Fu Genyue , Quinn Paul C. , Qin Jinliang , Tanaka James W. , Pascalis Olivier , Lee Kang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present study examined whether perceptual individuation training with other‐race faces could reduce preschool children's implicit racial bias. We used an ‘angry = outgroup’ paradigm to measure Chinese children's implicit racial bias against African individuals before and after training. In Experiment 1, children between 4 and 6 years were presented with angry or happy racially ambiguous faces that were morphed between Chinese and African faces. Initially, Chinese children demonstrated implicit racial bias: they categorized happy racially ambiguous faces as own‐race (Chinese) and angry racially ambiguous faces as other‐race (African). Then, the children participated in a training session where they learned to individuate African faces. Children's implicit racial bias was significantly reduced after training relative to that before training. Experiment 2 used the same procedure as Experiment 1, except that Chinese children were trained with own‐race Chinese faces. These children did not display a significant reduction in implicit racial bias. Our results demonstrate that early implicit racial bias can be reduced by presenting children with other‐race face individuation training, and support a linkage between perceptual and social representations of face information in children.