bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10. The Effect of Chemically-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Performance and the Histology and Microbiological Profile of the Jejunum in Chickens
Authors: Ognik Katarzyna , Sembratowicz Iwona , Cholewińska Ewelina , Wlazło Łukasz , Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Szlązak Radosław , Tutaj Krzysztof 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse how per os application of hydrocolloids of silver nanoparticles (22 nm) and lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloids (5 nm) affect the microbiological status and morphology of the jejunum of broiler chickens and their growth performance. The experiment was conducted on 60 chickens. The first group was the control. The chickens in group II received a silver nanoparticle hydrocolloid (Ag-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. The chickens in group III received a lipid-coated nanosilver hydrocolloid (AgL-nano) at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w./day. Samples of digesta were taken from the jejunum during dissection and the total numbers of fungi, aerobic bacteria and bacteria of the coli group were determined in the samples. Samples of the jejunum were also collected during dissection to determine the length of the villi and depth of the crypts. The silver nanoparticles had no effect on growth performance or the histological picture of the jejunum. An increase was noted in the total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and a decrease in the number of coli group bacteria, which are facultative anaerobes, which indicates that the nanosilver had a selective effect on the microflora of the digestive tract in the chickens.
9. Ovine DRB1 Polymorphism and Its Associations with Body Weight, Milk Contents and Immunological Parameters
Authors: Zamani Pouya , Dehkordi Hosein Salehian , Doosti Abbas , Abdolmohammadi Alireza 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The DRB1 gene is known as a part of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) with important effects on disease resistance and immunological response in mammals. Single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and direct DNA sequencing methods were employed to study the second exon of DRB1 gene polymorphism in Mehraban and Lori-Bakhtiari sheep, using 155 Mehraban and 167 Lori-Bakhtiari (totally 322) ewes. Eleven different SSCP patterns with 26 SNPs (five new mutations) were found in both breeds. Associations of different genotypes with some traits including body weight, milk contents, milk somatic cell count and some immunological parameters were also studied. The observed genotypes had significant associations (P<0.05) with immunological parameters including serum total protein, α2-globulin, β-globulin, γ-globulin and total globulins and body weight at 3 months of age (weaning). The effects of the genotypes on serum albumin and α1-globulin, body weights at 9 and 12 months of age and milk lactose tended to be significant (P<0.10). The results of the present study indicated that the DRB1 exon 2 is highly polymorphic and could be considered as an important fragment in marker assisted selection, especially for improvement of immunity in sheep.
Von der Wiederentdeckung zur Vermarktung? Überlegungen zum »jüdischen Erbe« am Beispiel von Toledo
Authors: Menny Anna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhat happens if Jewish history is declared »Jewish heritage«? All over Europe remnants of historical Jewish sites are (described and) advertised as tourist attractions promising an authentic experience of the past. The Spanish town of Toledo with its historic synagogue buildings and its Sephardic Museum is but one example of this new trend. In Toledo, places, memory, and the marketing of Jewish history are strongly interconnected. This article reflects on the importance of geographic sites in turning heritage into something visible and »visitable«. Historical traces materialize memory, while at the same time the label »Jewish heritage« weaves them into major narratives and thereby increases their popularity.
Cognition and semiotic processing of luminous stimuli in various orders of the natural world
Authors: Caivano José Luis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSemiosis, and particularly visual semiosis, is not something unique to humans. All animal species, all living beings (including other forms of life outside the animal kingdom) have semiotic activity. But we can go even beyond that. It is possible to maintain that also in the world that is usually called “inanimate” or “inert” some kind of semiotic activity takes place. This paper proposes a view in which the elements and organisms in the natural environment, instead of being classified into separate categories are thought of as forming a continuous gradation from one to another, from lower to upper levels of complexity and semiotic behavior. From this, and from further arguments, it is possible to maintain that semiosis permeates the entire universe. A special point is made concerning the interaction of light stimuli with matter and living organisms, which in some cases has produced the systems of vision that many animals posses, and in some other cases produce reactions and changes that can be considered as a kind of protosemiotic activity.
The outcome of PIE *#Hi- and *#Hu- in Germanic
Authors: Hansen Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
It has been established with a great amount of certainty that PIE *#Hu- > Gr. #Vὐ- and that PIE *#Hi- > Gr. #ἰ-. It still remains to be demonstrated what happens in other Western Indo-European branches, including Germanic. In this article,1 I reject the statement by Ringe (1988: 433) that PIE *#Hu- becomes PG *#uand propose the possibility of differentiated outcomes dependent on the timbre of the PIE laryngeal, viz. that PIE *#h1i- > PG *#i- and PIE *#h1u- > PG *#u- as assumed by most scholars, but that PIE *#h2i- and PIE *#h2u- might yield PG *#ai- and PG *#au-, respectively. Furthermore, I tentatively propose that PG *#au- > PG *#uwhen followed by a labial consonant; a development partially paralleled in Greek and in English.
The Frøyhov inscription and early Germanic *ing-
Authors: Mees Bernard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The bronze figurine from Frøyhov bears a short and difficult early runic text which seems to represent some sort of name. First published in the late nineteenth century, the inscription may most regularly be interpreted as Inga(n)da, a form which features the early Germanic onomastic element *ing‑. Germanic *ingseems best to be etymologised as a reflex of IE *h2neḱ-/h2nenḱ- ‘reach, attain’ and the Frøyhov form taken either to be a maker’s inscription or a theonym, the figurine itself clearly representing a religious expression.
Enclitic -(m)a ‘but’, clause architecture and the prosody of focus in Hittite
Authors: Sideltsev Andrej , Molina Maria 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We discuss the extraordinary syntax of the enclitic -(m)a: as different from other enclitics it does not cliticize to a set of words like nu, mān, etc. However, as different from -pat with its free distribution within the clause -(m)a attests a very clear tendency to be positioned after the first stressed word. To make things even more complicated, in the focusing function it attests a seemingly free position in the clause. The paradox of -(m)a is that most of the details of its aberrant syntactic behavior, save some clause internal usage which we are demonstrating for the first time, are perfectly well known, but several pieces of evidence have never been brought together. The main one is the fact that the set of words which does not host -(m)a as well as -ya is precisely the set of words which is not taken into consideration when the second position of such constituents as relative pronouns in determinate clauses, subordinators maḫḫan and kuit is determined. The paper also provides a unitary explanation of both topicalising -(m)a in the left periphery and focusing -(m)a in the preverbal position: the common feature might be the prosodic boundary to the left of both hosts triggered by information structure to the left of the host of both topicalizing -(m)a/additively focusing -ya in the left periphery and focusing -(m)a/ya preverbally.
The Proto-Indo-European *-VTs# clusters and the formulation of Szemerényi’s Law
Authors: Piwowarczyk Dariusz R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper the author argues that Szemerényi’s Law operated in the proto-language and that its operation should be restricted to *- V̆Rs# and *- V̆RH# sequences only. Moreover, it is shown that the development of *- V̆Ts# > *- V̆ss# > *- V̄s#, often assumed as part of Szemerényi’s Law (cf. Neri 2003: 2035; Lipp 2009: 2, 93) as in PIE *pód-s > *póss > *pṓs > Doric Greek πώς ‘foot’ (Hesych.), is hardly credible (cf. also Kim 2001: 12724 but without further discussion). The length of the vowel in the Doric form is not certain (cf. LSJ⁹: 1456) and surely secondary in Attic poús as the short vowel is found in compounds (cf. Homeric trípos). Furthermore, if Szemerényi’s Law operated as *- V̆Rs# > *- V̄R# we would expect such sequences to appear as *- V̄T# < *- V̆Ts#. I will show that such cases are secondary rather than direct outcomes of Szemerényi’s Law.
On the lengthened grade in the nominative singular
Authors: Kümmel Martin Joachim 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
One of the best established cases of lengthened grade is the nominative singular of many athematic paradigms, where lengthened grade (LG) in the last predesinential element is opposed to full grade (FG) in other forms and is normally reconstructed for PIE (distinctive LG). However, the exact original distribution and the explanation of the phenomenon are controversial. Different theories also make different predictions about the original distribution of distinctive LG, and these may be checked in order to assess these theories. In Indo-Iranian, Brugmann’s Law turned many cases of o grade into synchronic LG, thus removing potential cases of distinctive LG. The distribution of LG in Proto-Indo-Iranian (PIIr) strong stem forms is investigated, with the conclusion that distinctive LG in the nominative singular is only found in endingless nominatives. Elsewhere all forms of the strong stem show the same ablaut. Therefore, LG in the nominative singular can (but need not) largely be secondary, either leveling by strong stem forms with Indo-Iranian ā grade from o grade, or by analogy to such paradigms. The isolated form Vedic véṣ ‘bird’ < PIIr *(h)wáy-š is a counterexample to a general LG rule for monosyllabic stems. Indo-Iranian thus, while not excluding original distinctive LG in some s-marked nominatives, does not support it. However, evidence from Western IE languages appears to show distinctive LG in some nominatives of monosyllabic nouns. Possible explanations are discussed at the end.
Correlation Between Acute Impairment of Regional Contractility and Left Ventricular Remodeling after Revascularized Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nyulas Tiberiu , Benedek Theodora , Matei Claudia , Kovács István , Chiţu Monica , Korodi Szillamér , Benedek Imre 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aims to demonstrate the role of acute impairment of regional contractility, as assessed by 3D echocardiography, in predicting LV remodeling in post acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients.

Methods: We enrolled in the study a number of 48 subjects with AMI who underwent primary PCI followed by optimum medical therapy. In all these cases we followed the correlation between the amplitude of ventricular remodeling at 6 months postinfarction and regional contractility in the immediate postinfarction period, as assessed by 3D echo parameters at baseline: regional index of contraction amplitude (RICA) and the index of contraction amplitude (ICA). Positive remodeling (PR) was defined as an increase in LV end-diastolic global volume with >15% compared with baseline.

Results: Patients with positive remodeling (PR) presented at baseline a significantly lower ejection fraction (44.75% versus 49.95%, p = 0.009), associated with a higher end-systolic volume (80.34 ml vs. 70.63 ml, p = 0.02) and lower values for index of contraction amplitude — ICA (3.05 vs. 3.53, p = 0.01) and for regional index of contraction amplitude — RICA (1.38 vs. 2.78, p <0.0001), in comparison with the patients who did not experience ventricular remodeling. RICA achieved the best statistical significance for predicting the development of LV remodeling during the evolution of the disease. For RICA, the ROC curve using logistic analysis showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, highly significant (p = 0.0001).

Conclusions: Impairment of regional contractility is associated with development of LV remodeling to a more significant extent than the global impairment of ventricular contractility.
Effect of some fungicides against the growth inhibition of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial compatibility groups
Authors: Dalili Alireza , Bakhtiari Saeed , Barari Hossein , Aldaghi Majid 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, the causal agent of Sclerotinia stem rot, is one of the most important pathogens of Brassica napus L. in northern Iran. In this study, 13 mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs) of the fungus were identified among 31 isolates sampled from four regions of Mazandaran province, Iran. Effective fungicides are useful in the integrated management of the disease. So, the effect of tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at five doses (0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 ppm) was studied on the growth inhibition of S. sclerotiorum as in vitro tests. Maximum inhibition (100%) of S. sclerotiorum mycelial growth was obtained by the highest dose (1 ppm) of all tested fungicides, as well as by the doses of 0.1 and 0.01 ppm of propiconazole, cyproconazole, and tebuconazole. In this investigation, the reaction of S. sclerotiorum isolates belonging to different MCGs was evaluated against tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, and Rovral-TS at their EC50 ranges. The results revealed that there was high variation of S. sclerotiorum MCGs against different fungicides. The inhibition percentage varied between 4.29% and 71.72%.
Insecticide susceptibility of the green plant bug, Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Homoptera: Miridae) and two predatory arthropods
Authors: Zhang Zhengqun , Zhang Xuefeng , Liu Feng , Mu Wei 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The green plant bug (Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür) is a key pest of Bt cotton in China. Along with biological control, chemical control is one of the most important strategies in A. lucorum Integrated Pest Management (IPM). The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of eight conventional insecticides to A. lucorum and to assess the susceptibility of two generalist predators Chrysopa sinica (Jieder) and Propylaea japonica (Thunbery) to insecticides that are commonly used in A. lucorum management. Via glass-vial and leaf-dip bioassay, toxicity tests with selected insecticides at two different life-stages of A. lucorum indicated significant differences between the LD50 or LC50 values for these compounds within different insecticidal classes. Phenylpyrazole fipronil had the highest toxicity to 4th-instar nymphs and adults of A. lucorum, whereas neonicotinoid imidacloprid had the lowest toxicity among the insecticides. Females were more tolerant to insecticides than were males, as shown by the higher LD50 values for females. Furthermore, laboratory tests showed that endosulfan had the highest selectivity to C. sinica and P. japonica: the selective toxicity ratios (STRs) were superior to other tested insecticides, particularly imidacloprid, and were 5.396 and 4.749-fold higher than baseline STRs, respectively. From this study, we conclude that fipronil can potentially be used to efficiently control A. lucorum. An alternative control agent worth consideration is endosulfan, owing to its relative safety to non-targeted natural enemies.
Pathogenicity of selected isolates of the quarantine pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus to Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Filipiak Anna 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). This nematode is considered to be an indigenous to North America and was introduced to Japan in the late 19th century. Subsequently, it has spread throughout Japan and in many other countries, China, Taiwan, and South Korea. In 1999, B. xylophilus was discovered in Portugal, and in 2008 in Spain. So far the studies have revealed that the pathogenicity of B. xylophilus varies between different isolates. The conducted study compared the pathogenicity of five isolates of B. xylophilus, originating from different parts of Japan, to 3-year-old Pinus sylvestris, and their ability to reproduce in the seedlings. The results revealed diverse virulence of B. xylophilus resulting in plant mortality. Three isolates S10, Ka4, and T4 caused 100% mortality of plants within three months while at the same time, the other two isolates, C14-5 and OKD-1 did not cause any disease symptoms on plants. After seven months, some dieback occurred on two seedlings, but similar symptoms were also found on the control plant. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between nematode virulence and the number of nematodes reproducing on pine seedlings.
Journal of Special Education and Rehabilitation from Scientific Periphery to Relevant Scientific Journal
Authors: Trajkovski Vladimir 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis editorial describes the growth of theMacedonia is a tough periphery in the world of science. But, this does not prevent the journal to become more visible and significant in scientific areas that the field of special education and rehabilitation covers. In our country there are many factors that hinder the way for the creation of high quality scientific journal. These are discussed in detail in the paper.To reach higher relevance of the journal, a great dedication of the people working in the publishing offices is necessary.The editors of small journals of the region need to exchange their experiences. The editorial teams of smaller journals have to gather experience from major journals. They need to put more effort into increasing the visibility of the journal online, and they can do this by sharing the labor of the social media. The competent Ministry of Education and Science should allocate a greater percentage of the gross domestic product for publishing as small journals could become more relevant in the world of science.The conclusion is that small journals may contribute in the world of science with relevant scientific information.
High accuracy Land Use Land Cover (LULC) maps for detecting agricultural drought effects in rainfed agro-ecosystems in central Mexico
Authors: Sierra-Soler Andres , Adamowski Jan , Qi Zhiming , Saadat Hossein , Pingale Santosh 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSatellite remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the land and a spatial context for measuring drought impacts, which have proved to be a valuable source of spatially continuous data with improved information for monitoring vegetation dynamics. Many studies have focused on detecting drought effects over large areas, given the wide availability of low-resolution images. In this study, however, the objective was to focus on a smaller area (1085 km2) using Landsat ETM+ images (multispectral resolution of 30 m and 15 m panchromatic), and to process very accurate Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification to determine with great precision the effects of drought in specific classes. The study area was the Tortugas-Tepezata sub watershed (Moctezuma River), located in the state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. The LULC classification was processed using a new method based on available ancillary information plus analysis of three single date satellite images. The newly developed LULC methodology developed produced overall accuracies ranging from 87.88% to 92.42%. Spectral indices for vegetation and soil/vegetation moisture were used to detect anomalies in vegetation development caused by drought; furthermore, the area of water bodies was measured and compared to detect changes in water availability for irrigated crops. The proposed methodology has the potential to be used as a tool to identify, in detail, the effects of drought in rainfed agricultural lands in developing regions, and it can also be used as a mechanism to prevent and provide relief in the event of droughts.
Multicriteria flood mitigation in the Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina)
Authors: Ljubenkov Igor 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje has an area of 9 500 ha and is one of the biggest karst fields (polje) in the Dinaric Mountains, extending over the territory of two states: Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Many hydraulic structures (reservoirs, retentions, tunnels, etc.) have been built since the middle of 20th century in order to protect polje against floods. Therefore, the security from flooding has increased substantially. However, there is still periodical flooding in the southeastern lowest part of the polje. The largest flood in recent times was in January 2010, when 2676 ha (28% of the area) was flooded. The polje is a typical karst with very complex hydrological and hydrogeological relations. In this paper two hydrological stations, Nuga at the lowest part and Kamenmost in the central part of the polje with respectable hydrological series, are statistically analysed. In particular, the efficiency of existing hydraulic structures for flood mitigation is estimated. The research points out that floods in Imotsko-Bekijsko Polje are largely influenced by water management objects (reservoir, retention, tunnel) and only indirectly by precipitation.
Study of Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) in the framework of
the Asymmetric Rotor Model
Authors: Kumari Parveen , Mittal Harish Mohan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A systematic dependence of Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) on the asymmetry parameter Υ0 is studied in the Z = 50 − 82, N = 82 − 126 major shell space. The Grodzins product provides contributions of E(2+
1) and B(E2) " simultaneously, which further reflects the shape
phase transitions with asymmetry parameter 0. In the region of deformed nuclei, Grodzins product (E(2+
1)*B(E2)↑)
shows direct dependence on the asymmetry parameter 0. We discuss here for the first time the correlation between
Grodzins product (E(2+
1) * B(E2)↑) and the asymmetry parameter Υ0.