bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dope-Free Technology Improves Health, Safety and Environment Performance of Casing and Tubing Field Operations in Vaca Muerta Play, Neuquen Argentina
Authors: Espinosa C. , Braghieri E. , Actis Goretta E. , Codega D. , Zalazar G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to describe the benefits provided by a dope-free technology applied to casing connections ran in the Vaca Muerta shale play, located in the Province of Neuquén, Argentina. The focus is placed on the health, safety and environmental (HSE) benefits obtained during pipe storage, cleaning, inspection, running and post running operations, including waste management.
The method used to evaluate the benefits of the dope-free technology was the comparison of actual operations in the field. Some of these operations ran standard doped connections while others ran connections coated with the dope-free technology. Aspects related to the environment (i.e. water consumption, waste management), health and safety (i.e. risks and their mitigation) were registered. Operations were registered at the rig site and at specific service yards.
The comparison included a complete and thorough analysis of each task and the associated risk for the personnel in charge of pipe preparation, running and storage operations.
The dope-free technology eliminates tasks related to pipe preparation, pipe running and pipe storage, reducing the risk of accidents and enhancing personnel safety.
The dope-free solution is a "zero discharge" technology that reduces water consumption and the generation of effluents. Additionally, it simplifies waste management because the quantity of materials contaminated with dope is significantly reduced.
Case History: Surge Chambers, With or Without Perforating Guns, Conveyed With Wireline or Tubing, Prove to be an Effective Method for Perforation Cleanup, to Increase Well Productivity in the Ecuador Eastern Basin
Authors: Izurieta A. , Garcia L. , Moreno F. , Rios F. , Schoener Scott M. , Harive K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A huge oil recovery opportunity waits in the reservoirs of mature oil fields. Reviving mature oil fields through advancements in oil recovery has opened the doors to renewed hydrocarbon production from wells that have been forgotten because of the natural depletion after years of providing.
One of these advancements is the effect of surging existing perforations using atmospheric chambers to create a dynamic underbalance at the instant perforations are created has been used in other oil and gas assets worldwide to improve production and, consequently, return on investment (ROI). This production increase was achieved with surge chambers to clean existing perforations.
This technology allows producers to obtain sustained higher productivity from their wells at a low cost. This system creates an instantaneous in-situ negative pressure in the wellbore that surges and cleans the perforated interval improving the wells inflow conditions. It is relatively inexpensive to treat a well because it can be deployed on wireline, slickline, jointed tubing, or coiled tubing (CT). These various deployment methods also make this technology available for rigless interventions.
This process uses fast-opening surge vents and atmospheric chamber assemblies that are activated milliseconds after the creation of perforations in the casing and perforation tunnels in the hydrocarbon reservoir. The dynamic underbalance in the wellbore surges these perforation tunnels, enabling the removal of debris and crushed material created by the high energy output of the explosive shaped charges.
This technique can be used to clean existing perforations that have become plugged-off or restricted as a result of scale buildup over time. To achieve this, the vent and chamber assembly are run without the perforating gun assembly.
This technology has been successfully used on rigless wireline operations, and in tubing-conveyed operations. The results have shown that it is possible to regain initial production rates at a relatively low cost as compared to other near-wellbore (NWB) stimulation techniques. This perforate and surge technique has also been used to reduce the operator's cost and time associated with a hydraulic fracturing operation in sandstone reservoirs. In scale-removal applications, this surge technique has been used to successfully remove barium sulfate (BaSO4). To validate these operations, using high-speed pressure/temperature recorders is recommended to capture the dynamic event (Schatz 1999).
In addition to the hardware associated with the vents, chambers, and perforating guns, a software component is used to accurately predict the amount of dynamic underbalance in a specific bottomhole assembly (BHA) to achieve the best perforation cleanup to maximize well productivity.
Fablab Creating a Culture of Innovation in Ecuador
Authors: Bocchicchio Fernando , Paz Manuel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
As part of the Social and Corporate Responsibility actions of the oilfield services company the first fabrication laboratory (Fab Lab) was created. This scientific-technological program was born from an alliance between the public company, Yachay, and the oilfield services company, and it is a clear indication that they share a passion for learning and science to create opportunities for all youth.
The methodology applies is based on informal learning and the theories of creative thinking. The Fab Lab first appeared in 2000 in the Center for Bits and Atoms (CBA) of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Essentially, it is a laboratory where other laboratories are created. It allows for building machines that are capable of "building almost anything". In Ecuador it involves providing this powerful technological tool and sharing infrastructure, machinery, technology and software with people interested in innovation. This Fab Lab is a space for experimentation within the production fields.
To build the Fab Lab in Ecuador the efforts of MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), the public company, Yachay, and Schlumberger del Ecuador S.A. have come together, and thus there is a wide range of objectives, projects and business models and local planning. The aim is to provide digital development enthusiasts. Practical applications include solar and hydraulic turbines, which help to resolve social problems, including health, agriculture and textiles.
On January 15, during the most important Science event in Ecuador, "INNOPOLIS," within the business venture and innovation framework of 2015 in Ciudad Yachay, the FABLAB was presented with a broad agenda of activities for the general public to learn about the latest innovative tendencies around the world, as well as the scientific projects undertaken in Ecuador.
This system looks to have an impact on the socioeconomic structure of the Ecuadorian society, geared toward a culture of innovation, with creative and proactive individuals, with talents that efficiently contribute to resolving public needs, thereby helping with the transformation of the production matrix in the country.
Experimental Evaluation of a Gas Liquid Axial Cyclone Separator
Authors: Valdez J. G. , Pérez L. D. , Cabello R. , Blanco W. A. , Lombano G. , Segura J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
An experimental evaluation of a gas-liquid axial cyclone separator was conducted in a multiphase flow facilities al PDVSA-Intevep, the evaluation of the prototype was executed under controlled conditions of flow rates, between 24 and 60 Bbl/day for a liquid phase and between 80.000 and 190000 SCFD for a gas phase, considering three stator with 45°, 60° and 75° of blade angle in a swirl generator section.
The axial cyclone separator was built in plexiglass in order to record with video camera the phenomenon that was observed inside of the equipment the experimental data of the matrix was collected in a control room, considering the measurement of flow rate, local pressure and the pressure drop in the equipment. The axial cyclone separator consists of a flow conditioning section, as will generator section and a segregation section.
Finally, a total of 72 points were valuated, the performance of the axial cyclone separator was improved with 60° and 75° of the blade angle than a 45° because the collection efficiency was above of 90%, in this study the pressure drop increases inside the equipment 30% when the 75° of blade angle was used in the stator, the best performance was achieve considering the 60° of blade angle in a swirl generator section.
Recognition and Impact of Crossing Conjugate Normal Faults in Amistad Field, Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador
Authors: Rodriguez R. , Rodas J. , Chuya E. , Meléndez L. , Romero C. , Gabriela Avila M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The implications and influences of the structural model in hydrocarbon trapping and production have been normally overlooked in the Amistad gas field, located in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. As a result of a recent study, crossing conjugate faults were recognized as the main structural style controlling the gas accumulation. These faults consist of normal faults with opposite dips and normally occur in extensional basins where no clear preferential dip direction exists.
The recognition and impact of crossing conjugate faults in Amistad field has been underestimated or not properly interpreted basically due to limitations in quality of the seismic data which leads to the simplification of seismic interpretation. Another important factor worth mentioning is that fault intersection areas are normally not properly resolved in seismic images, therefore leaving room for misinterpretations and misplacement of faults. These areas can also present permeability anisotropy normally increasing transmissibility parallel to the direction of fault intersection.
In Amistad field two main impacts of the interpreted crossing conjugate faults have been observed. The first one is the structural compartmentalization of the field with its impact on production. Secondly, the reduction of the effective reservoir thickness observed in wells inducing to incorrect stratigraphical and sedimentological interpretations of facies changes.
Several examples showing the conjugate fault system, the compartmentalization of the Amistad structure, and the thinning out of the reservoir in several wells will be analyzed and shown.
The recognition of this structural style and its impact will allow Petroamazonas EP to locate in an optimal manner additional infill wells, surface platforms, and the development of still undrilled structural compartments.
Tarapoa West Exploration Project – Integrated 3D Seismic Acquisition, Processing, and Interpretation Solution
Authors: Hu Quan , Zhang Xing , Lin Jincheng , Zhao Xinjun , Wang Yandong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Tarapoa West area in the Oriente Basin of Ecuador was an unexplored area between Fanny-Dorine Field and Shushufindi Field, which was granted to Andes Petroleum Ecuador Ltd. in the 2011 Service Contract negotiation. Very sparse coverage of 2D seismic data and no wells were in the area. Andes decided to acquire 3D seismic over the entire area and merged the new data with existing 3D seismic on the Tarapoa Block to allow an integrated interpretation of new areas and comparison with nearby existing fields and known geological models.
A well planned and executed program consisting of environmental permitting, community negotiations, contractor selection, seismic program design, field testing and acquisition, field processing, final processing, and interpretation all were important, coordinated aspects of creating a successful exploration project in the Tarapoa West Area. Close communication and cooperation of all groups involved from the initial formulation of the concept to exploration drilling and discovery have contributed to a very successful project.
Strictly executed seismic program design and field testing, according to the parameters and imaging of the experiment, and making a comprehensive analysis of the explosives parameters and depths (1.5 kg charge size and single hole depth of 15 meters) obtained better continuity and higher resolution of the effective reflectors. The field records were of good quality and the signal to noise ratio was acceptable throughout the area. A focus on true amplitude recovery, accurate statics calculations and corrections, and accurate velocity analysis during data processing yielded optimal results. The high quality 3D volume allowed us to identify prospects with 4 way vertical closure of less than 5 milliseconds and seismic attribute maps have indicated the lithology distribution reliably. Combining the structure maps and seismic property information maps, and comparing with seismic sections crossing existing oil fields has been useful in calibrating the seismic acquired in the Tarapoa West area. By having a clear understanding of the geological model and target, and by having, from the beginning of the project, close communication and cooperation within the exploration team for the seismic acquisition, including the seismic program design, field testing analysis, processing parameter tests, and procedure design; and for the processing and interpretation phases, a portfolio of reliable, prospective drilling locations were identified. Three prospect trends were found and five exploration wells have been drilled, resulting in TNW, Johanna and Alice west three new fields.
Focusing on the geological target, on seismic acquisition processing and on an integrated interpretation solution has enabled us to not only identify low relief prospects, but also has provided abundant information on lithology distribution. Both aspects have been the key for well location selection.
Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Effect Gas Reduction
Authors: Zambrano M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Energy management systems help to improve processes and optimize energy use by using available resources and improving efficiencies. Engineering studies that have been done to improve energy use are described in this paper.
– Gas recovery in Block 67 for power generation; this gas used to be burned in the flare stack. The gas recovered passes through a compression system, sending it to the fluid line to be transported to the Northern Production Facility (NPF), hence, avoiding the burning of greenhouse gases. – Energy use optimization in the oil transportation system. Evaluation of the pump performance curves determined that the engine needed to be changed because the installed capacity did not allow optimization. This change decreased energy consumption and improved efficiency.
Simple examples as those mentioned above help to be energy-efficient and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Impact of Connate Water Replacement on Chemical EOR Processes
Authors: Födisch H. , Wegner J. , Hincapie R. , Ganzer L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates and discusses connate water replacement during EOR chemical processes in micromodels that resemble porous media. Compared to experiments performed in plugs or cores, micromodels facilitate visual access to the displacement process, hence, enable more detailed process description.
The replacement of connate water during aqueous fluid phase injection is a miscible process. During connate water replacement different regions are observed. (1) A mixing zone (mixture of connate water and injected aqueous phase), (2) a pure connate water zone (3) and a zone composed of injected water, only. The different zones are visualized during flooding experiments by labeling the phases with different types of dye and by using a special experimental setup. To calculate concentration and saturations of the different zones listed above image analysis algorithms have been developed and are presented in this work. These algorithms enable qualitative and also quantitative analysis of connate water replacement.
In areas directly contacted by the displacing aqueous phase (e.g. polymer solution) connate water is rapidly replaced. In areas not directly contacted by the displacing aqueous phase the connate water is fully retained even after one pore volume injected. Only continuing aqueous phase injection leads to a full replacement of connate water after several PV of polymer solution injected. It is remarkable that in these areas the connate water replacement takes place without oil mobilization (increase in oil recovery), indicating that the exchange of connate water and injected water is a diffusive process. Further, the exchange of polymer product into stagnant zones can be seen as a polymer retention mechanism.
The results of this study provide new insights into the fundamental understanding of the impact of connate water replacement on oil recovery during chemical EOR. The use of multiple UV-tracers and a special experimental setup enable clear differentiation between different phases and concentration levels during flooding experiments. Development of image analysis algorithms enable quantitative process analysis.
Sustainability Going Beyond Setting the Direction
Authors: Bocchicchio F. , Paz M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The primary objective of the Corporate Social Responsibility Department of the oilfield services company is to share our complete and sustainable model in the petroleum industry focused toward technical-scientific development of communities through Education. We share our passion for Sciences and learning to create opportunities for youth through the SEED Program, Schlumberger Excellence in Educational Development www.planetseed.com. SEED is a non-profit voluntary educational program. SEED trains students, professors and community members while using Scientific technology and the experience of volunteers to captivate the interest of students with regards to world problems, such as safeguarding water, renewable energy and climate change. Our vision is to Awaken the passion for Science and learning of youth to use their knowledge and technology creatively to increase the possibility for success. We sponsor 5 educational institutions and foundations that work with disabled children and youth in areas, such as labor inclusion, social inclusion and educational inclusion, providing them with equal opportunities. We specialize in training through methodologies, such as LWD (Learning while Doing), in which we use technology, hardware and software from MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), including Go Boards, Makey Makey boards and the Scratch program, where people are trained in digital programming, providing a friendly atmosphere. Another methodology used is the SEED STEM Academy (Science – Technology - Engineering - Mathematics) to foster the interest of youth in matters related to Science, technology, engineering and Math. However, the most important result is the Fab Lab, a joint venture with the public company, Yachay, where we carry out the design, planning, set up, execution, startup and monitoring of the first Fab Lab in Ecuador. Our relationship with the communities goes further than just solidary actions; we have a sustainable program with various stakeholders, including our clients and government entities of Ecuador.
Forecasting Reservoir Management Through Life Cycle Assessment: Case Study Marañón Basin
Authors: Chun N. A. , Bravo R. J. , Quiñones V. A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Integrated management is one of the crucial conditions to determine and carry out an effective monitoring of reserves, which have exogenous and endogenous conditions, valued in oil assets. These assets are strongly influenced by CAPEX, OPEX, volume of hydrocarbons, and oil price; this one last has been affected by a significant volatility in the last period, hauling us an intense slowdown in the short, medium and long-term investment, creating an unattractive risk environment to investors.
A well-structured integrated assessment could give us a greater intensity in investments, provided that the field is considered from a long-term point of view. It must be analyze with the criteria of rate of return, royalty rate assessment and economic effect applying the methodology of the prospective increase in the annual inference (0.650%), monthly (0.645%) and daily. Similarly, those values must be corrected with progressive breaks every five year in the WTI price Forecast, promoting the reduction of risk inherent to the variables of the extractive activity.
For the assessment of a Block which has several million cumulative barrels and proven reserves, it has been considered to fix a reserves replacement rate of 100%. In this sense, a curve that honors 100% refund of reserves each year was plotted. With the right considerations, the international oil price will not be a conditional to stop the life of the projects, and this way for the OPEX in the reduction of staff for operating costs.
The case study is a light/heavy oil field located in the Marañon Basin in the North Peruvian Amazon. The development of this field has adverse conditions in the commercialization of its disaggregated reserves, transportation, logistics, socio-environmental policies, high water cut and specially the use of a traditional methodology of management not according to asset management during its life cycle and its contractual period.
We propose a new integrated management approach for the monetization of active oil assets and the characterization of proven, probable and possible reserves by level of royalties during time contract for the initial financing of the projects. Likewise, design workflows to integrate production information to numerical models, maximizing the value of the asset from short-term measures (optimization of production and workover of wells), medium-term (locations infill drilling) and long term (infill drilling & extension drilling).
A global outlook of the integrated management of the reservoir will give us a great contribution to national production under the criteria of restitution rate and, its transcendental role in the economy of the country expressed in macroeconomic indicators.
Reservoir Tracer Application to Validate a Numerical Simulation Model: An Historical Case
Authors: Gaibor A. , Rodriguez R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
IOR techniques represent one of the possible investment opportunities available to oil companies involved in Exploration & Production. An IOR project will only be undertaken if the operator perceives an acceptable balance between the risks and possible rewards.
A project was developed where a reservoir chemical tracer was injected into a heavy oil high permeability infinite acting aquifer reservoir in order to provide experimental information about the connectivity of the interwell zone.
The tracer injection design, execution, sampling, sampling analysis, sampling results, and results analysis are sequentially shown and described. After this the experimental tracer arrival results are compared to those predicted by the available numerical simulation reservoir model.
The results demonstrate consistency between the numerical simulation reservoir model and the tracer arrival time and concentration results. This consistency validates the numerical simulation model and reduces the risk involved in the design of an IOR (polymer injection) pilot project.