bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic habitat influences suspension feeding by unionid mussels in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Vanden Byllaardt Julie , Ackerman Josef D. 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Benthic suspension feeders play significant roles in aquatic ecosystems, but the influences of abiotic, especially hydrodynamic, factors on many of their activities remain largely unknown. This is especially true for freshwater unionid mussels, which are important inhabitants of rivers and lakes, often forming multispecies assemblages in the former.

Our goal is to determine whether and how seston flux affects the suspension feeding of freshwater unionid mussels from different hydrodynamic habitats (i.e. lentic and lotic). Fluorometric measurements of algal depletion in a recirculating flow chamber were used to determine the clearance rate (CR) of four freshwater mussel species: Elliptio complanata, Elliptio dilatata, Fusconaia flava and Strophitus undulatus.

Clearance rate varied with algal flux (J = UC, where U is velocity and C is algal concentration) for all species examined, resulting in a 41‐fold increase in CR for some species, compared with no‐flux controls. Importantly, the results from the no‐flux controls were consistent with published CR values obtained under static conditions.

Elliptio dilatata from the fastest flowing lotic system (Grand River, Ontario) cleared up to four times more algae than any other species, including its conspecifics from a slower flowing river (Ausable River, Ontario) and the species from the lentic habitat (E. complanata; Lake Opeongo, Ontario).

Differences in CRs were also found among E. dilatata, F. flava and S. undulatus from the same lotic habitat at the highest algal flux examined, indicating that species may specialise to different hydrodynamic conditions.

The impact of suspension feeding by unionid mussels has probably been underestimated, especially under lotic conditions with high seston flux. Mussels may have ecotypic responses to their hydrodynamic habitats, which affect their CR. Moreover, specialisation within a single habitat type is indicative of resource partitioning that could reduce competition in multispecies assemblages.
Parasite‐induced alterations of host behaviour in a riverine fish: the effects of glochidia on host dispersal
Authors: Horký Pavel , Douda Karel , Maciak Matúš , Závorka Libor , Slavík Ondřej 
Published: March 2014

SummaryParasitic species can affect host behaviour in various ways. Freshwater mussels of the superfamilyUnionoidea have a glochidia larva that is parasitic on fish. Our aim was to evaluate whether fish exposed to glochidia have distinct behaviour that could affect the upstream dispersal of the parasite.Many freshwater mussels are highly endangered, and understanding the relationships with their hosts is important for their conservation. However, research on the behavioural effects of parasitism on fish host activity and/or the upstream dispersal of mussel larvae in nature has received little attention.Specifically, we examined a fish (the chub,Squalius cephalus) that hosts the larval stage of a freshwater bivalve (Anodonta anatina) and investigated alterations in host behaviour induced by the parasite. One laboratory and two field experiments were conducted using passive integrated transponder systems and radio‐telemetry.Infected fish were generally less active in the laboratory and, in the field, dispersed less far upstream. Moreover, radio‐telemetry revealed a habitat shift by the infected fish, which were found further from the riverbank.We suggest that behavioural changes in the fish that are induced by glochidia do not facilitate the long‐distance dispersal of the mussel but rather cause reductions in fish activity and slight habitat shifts. Possible consequences of such behavioural alterations are discussed.
Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters in India – implications for large scale greenhouse gas balances
Authors: Panneer Selvam Balathandayuthabani , Natchimuthu Sivakiruthika , Arunachalam Lakshmanan , Bastviken David 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInland waters were recently recognized to be important sources of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere, and including inland water emissions in large scale greenhouse gas (GHG) budgets may potentially offset the estimated carbon sink in many areas. However, the lack of GHG flux measurements and well‐defined inland water areas for extrapolation, make the magnitude of the potential offset unclear. This study presents coordinated flux measurements of CH4 and CO2 in multiple lakes, ponds, rivers, open wells, reservoirs, springs, and canals in India. All these inland water types, representative of common aquatic ecosystems in India, emitted substantial amounts of CH4 and a major fraction also emitted CO2. The total CH4 flux (including ebullition and diffusion) from all the 45 systems ranged from 0.01 to 52.1 mmol m−2 d−1, with a mean of 7.8 ± 12.7 (mean ± 1 SD) mmol m−2 d−1. The mean surface water CH4 concentration was 3.8 ± 14.5 μm (range 0.03–92.1 μm). The CO2 fluxes ranged from −28.2 to 262.4 mmol m−2 d−1 and the mean flux was 51.9 ± 71.1 mmol m−2 d−1. The mean partial pressure of CO2 was 2927 ± 3269 μatm (range: 400–11 467 μatm). Conservative extrapolation to whole India, considering the specific area of the different water types studied, yielded average emissions of 2.1 Tg CH4 yr−1 and 22.0 Tg CO2 yr−1 from India's inland waters. When expressed as CO2 equivalents, this amounts to 75 Tg CO2 equivalents yr−1 (53–98 Tg CO2 equivalents yr−1; ± 1 SD), with CH4 contributing 71%. Hence, average inland water GHG emissions, which were not previously considered, correspond to 42% (30–55%) of the estimated land carbon sink of India. Thereby this study illustrates the importance of considering inland water GHG exchange in large scale assessments.
An Analysis Platform for Multiscale Hydrogeologic Modeling with Emphasis on Hybrid Multiscale Methods
Authors: Scheibe Timothy D. , Murphy Ellyn M. , Chen Xingyuan , Rice Amy K. , Carroll Kenneth C. , Palmer Bruce J. , Tartakovsky Alexandre M. , Battiato Ilenia , Wood Brian D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOne of the most significant challenges faced by hydrogeologic modelers is the disparity between the spatial and temporal scales at which fundamental flow, transport, and reaction processes can best be understood and quantified (e.g., microscopic to pore scales and seconds to days) and at which practical model predictions are needed (e.g., plume to aquifer scales and years to centuries). While the multiscale nature of hydrogeologic problems is widely recognized, technological limitations in computation and characterization restrict most practical modeling efforts to fairly coarse representations of heterogeneous properties and processes. For some modern problems, the necessary level of simplification is such that model parameters may lose physical meaning and model predictive ability is questionable for any conditions other than those to which the model was calibrated. Recently, there has been broad interest across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines in simulation approaches that more rigorously account for the multiscale nature of systems of interest. In this article, we review a number of such approaches and propose a classification scheme for defining different types of multiscale simulation methods and those classes of problems to which they are most applicable. Our classification scheme is presented in terms of a flowchart (Multiscale Analysis Platform), and defines several different motifs of multiscale simulation. Within each motif, the member methods are reviewed and example applications are discussed. We focus attention on hybrid multiscale methods, in which two or more models with different physics described at fundamentally different scales are directly coupled within a single simulation. Very recently these methods have begun to be applied to groundwater flow and transport simulations, and we discuss these applications in the context of our classification scheme. As computational and characterization capabilities continue to improve, we envision that hybrid multiscale modeling will become more common and also a viable alternative to conventional single‐scale models in the near future.
Mechanism of Brain Tumor Headache
Authors: Taylor Lynne P. 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundHeadaches occur commonly in all patients, including those who have brain tumors. Using the search terms “headache and brain tumors,” “intracranial neoplasms and headache,” “facial pain and brain tumors,” “brain neoplasms/pathology,” and “headache/etiology,” we reviewed the literature from the past 78 years on the proposed mechanisms of brain tumor headache, beginning with the work of Penfield.FindingsMost of what we know about the mechanisms of brain tumor associated headache come from neurosurgical observations from intra‐operative dural and blood vessel stimulation as well as intra‐operative observations and anecdotal information about resolution of headache symptoms with various tumor‐directed therapies.ConclusionThere is an increasing overlap between the primary and secondary headaches and they may actually share a similar biological mechanism. While there can be some criticism that the experimental work with dural and arterial stimulation produced head pain and not actual headache, when considered with the clinical observations about headache type, coupled with improvement after treatment of the primary tumor, we believe that traction on these structures, coupled with increased intracranial pressure, is clearly part of the genesis of brain tumor headache and may also involve peripheral sensitization with neurogenic inflammation as well as a component of central sensitization through trigeminovascular afferents on the meninges and cranial vessels.
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome After Blood Transfusion
Authors: Dou Yi‐Hsuan , Fuh Jong‐Ling , Chen Shih‐Pin , Wang Shuu‐Jiun 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo report 2 cases of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) after blood transfusion for severe anemia.BackgroundRCVS is presented with recurrent thunderclap headache and reversible constriction of cerebral arteries. PRES is a known complication of RCVS. Blood transfusion for severe anemia could be a cause for PRES in few cases; however, it is seldom mentioned as an etiology for RCVS.MethodsWe report a case series.ResultsWe report 2 women presented with RCVS with PRES after blood transfusion for anemia, and reviewed another 4 similar cases reported in the literature. Our 2 patients were middle‐aged women, with severe chronic anemia (average hemoglobin: 1.45 g/dL), and received multiple blood transfusions (average: 3250 mL) over a period of 5‐7 days. They developed thunderclap headache and other symptoms about 1 week after the last blood transfusion. Cerebral vasoconstrictions were demonstrated by magnetic resonance angiography and transcranial color‐coded sonography. PRES was found in both of them using magnetic resonance imaging, and one of them also had cytotoxic edema on diffusion weighted image.ConclusionsRCVS with PRES is one complication of blood transfusion in patients under chronic severe anemia (especially when hemoglobin level increased for more than 5 g/dL), particularly in Asian women with menorrhagia. Blood pressure surge and the occurrence of severe headaches or other neurological symptoms should be aggressively monitored within 10 days after the last blood transfusion.
Immigrants in Azerbaijan: Current Situation and Prospects of (Re)integration Policy
Authors: Rumyantsev Sergey 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
“Our identity is at once plural and partial.Sometimes we feel that we straddle two cultures;At other times, that we fall between two stools.”
Salman Rushdie
The integration problems of immigrants in the post‐Soviet Azerbaijan have not been the focus of researchers' attention. The present article fills this gap. I classify immigrants into three groups: 1) natives of Azerbaijan (re‐emigrants) and their family members; 2) ethnics from Georgia; 3) labour immigrants from different countries, who arrive to Azerbaijan to look for a job or to open their own business. I examine the social resources and practices used by immigrants to support their integration, in the absence of state integration policy. I conclude that the main resource is each immigrant's personal social capital, based on networks. These networks are transnational in their nature. Immigrants build up and integrate in this kind of transnational network, as well as in the transnational spaces of the capital of Azerbaijan (Baku), where the vast majority of them reside after they move to the country.
General medicine advanced training: lessons from the John Hunter training programme
Authors: Jackel D. , Attia J. , Pickles R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecent years have seen a rapid growth in the number of advanced trainees pursuing general medicine as a specialty. This reflects an awareness of the need for broader training experiences to equip future consultant physicians with the skills to manage the healthcare challenges arising from the demographic trends of ageing and increasing comorbidity. The John Hunter Hospital training programme in general medicine has several characteristics that have led to the success in producing general physicians prepared for these challenges. These include support from a core group of committed general physicians, an appropriate and sustainable funding model, flexibility with a focus on genuine training and developing awareness of a systems approach, and strong links with rural practice.
Left atrial appendage occlusion with the Watchman device in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and intolerance of all forms of anticoagulation due to hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Spina R. , Gunalingam B. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn elderly woman presented to our attention because of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and cerebrovascular events requiring systemic anticoagulation and a concomitant, serious bleeding diathesis (the Osler‐Weber‐Rendu syndrome, or hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia). Her risk of suffering a major stroke was significant given a CHA2DS2VASc score of 6. However, she was unable to tolerate any form of anticoagulation because of torrential epistaxis and previous gastrointestinal haemorrhage on antiplatelet therapy. We proceeded with percutaneous occlusion of the left atrial appendage with a Watchman device. Ten months post‐procedure she is well, without recurrence of neurological symptoms, and off all forms of anticoagulation. The current internationally accepted practice post‐deployment of the Watchman device mandates warfarin transition for 6 months to allow for endothelialisation of the device. However, there is no evidence in the literature to support left atrial appendage occlusion without any peri‐procedural antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy and therefore our case represents novel and important anecdotal evidence that secondary stroke prevention with left atrial appendage occlusion may be effective and safe even in patients who cannot tolerate any form of anticoagulation at all.
Incidence and Risk of Sorafenib‐Induced Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Yan , Li Shun , Zhu Yaofeng , Liang Xinyue , Meng Hui , Chen Jun , Zhang Dongqing , Guo Hu , Shi Benkang 
Published: March 2014

Hypertension is one of the major side effects of sorafenib, and reported incidences vary substantially among clinical trials. A systematic review was conducted using Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for all longitudinal studies to investigate the incidence and risk of hypertension events in cancer patients treated with sorafenib. A total of 14 randomized controlled trials and 39 prospective single‐arm trials involving 13,555 patients were selected for the meta‐analysis. The relative risk of all‐grade and high‐grade hypertension associated with sorafenib were 3.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05–4.60; P<.01) and 3.31 (95% CI, 2.21–4.95; P<.01), respectively. The overall incidence of sorafenib‐induced all‐grade and high‐grade hypertension were 19.1% (95% CI, 15.8%–22.4%) and 4.3% (95% CI, 3.0%–5.5%), respectively. A significantly higher incidence of hypertension was noted in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared with those with non‐RCC malignancies (all‐grade: 24.9% [95% CI, 19.7%–30.1%] vs 15.7% [95% CI, 12.1%–19.3%]; P<.05; high‐grade:8.6% [95% CI, 6.0%–11.2%] vs 1.8% [95% CI, 0.9%–2.6%]; P<.05). The trials with median progression‐free survival (PFS) longer than 5.3 months (mean PFS) demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of high‐grade hypertension than trials with shorter PFS (6.3% [95% CI, 4.1%–8.5%] vs 2.6% [95% CI, 1.4%–3.8%]; P<.05). Findings of the meta‐analysis indicated a significantly high risk of sorafenib‐induced hypertension. Patients with RCC have a significantly higher incidence of hypertension and the occurrence of hypertension may be associated with improved prognosis.
Sex‐Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tziomalos Konstantinos , Giampatzis Vasilios , Baltatzi Maria , Efthymiou Elias , Psianou Konstantia , Papastergiou Natalia , Magkou Dimitra , Bougatsa Vagia , Savopoulos Christos , Hatzitolios Apostolos I. 
Published: March 2014

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiovascular risk factors are frequently undertreated in women. However, it is unclear whether the prevalence of additional cardiovascular risk factors and the total cardiovascular risk differ between hypertensive men and women. There are also limited data regarding rates of blood pressure control in the two sexes outside the United States. The authors aimed to compare the cardiovascular risk profile between sexes. A total of 1810 hypertensive patients (40.4% men, age 56.5±13.5 years) attending the hypertension outpatient clinic of our department were studied. Men were more frequently smokers than women and were more heavy smokers than the latter. Serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lower and serum triglyceride levels were higher in men. On the other hand, abdominal obesity and chronic kidney disease were more prevalent in women. The estimated cardiovascular risk was higher in men than in women but the prevalence of established CVD did not differ between the sexes. The percentage of patients with controlled hypertension and the number of antihypertensive medications were similar in men and women. In conclusion, hypertensive men have more adverse cardiovascular risk factor profile and greater estimated cardiovascular risk than women. However, the prevalence of established CVD does not differ between sexes. These findings further reinforce current guidelines that recommend that management of hypertension and of other cardiovascular risk factors should be as aggressive in women as in men in order to prevent cardiovascular events.
Recurrence of drug‐induced reactions in DRESS patients
Authors: Picard D. , Vellar M. , Janela B. , Roussel A. , Joly P. , Musette P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) may relapse following introduction of drugs structurally unrelated to the initial culprit drug.ObjectiveTo assess the frequency and characteristics of recurrent drug eruptions in patients with history of DRESS.MethodsPatients who had developed adverse cutaneous reaction after DRESS occurrence were recruited from the regional database of Upper Normandy in France. Rate of recurrences were compared with patients with Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) patients during the same time frame.ResultsOf the 60 cases of DRESS collected, 15 (25%) with recurrences were retained for analysis. Seven patients had a single recurrence, whereas eight patients had several relapses. In the patients with pre‐existing DRESS, recurrences were incomplete, corresponding to cutaneous rash in 13 cases and associated with eosinophilia in seven cases. Internal organ involvement was observed in two cases. In contrast, a single recurrence was found out of 61 patients with TEN/SJS.ConclusionIncomplete recurrences with structurally unrelated culprit drugs are a frequent phenomenon in DRESS patients.
Oxygen consumption and haematology of juvenile shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum during an acute 24 h saltwater challenge
Authors: Penny F. M. , Kieffer J. D. 
Published: March 2014

This study focused on the acute physiological responses to saltwater exposure in juvenile shortnose sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum. In two separate laboratory experiments, 2 year‐old A. brevirostrum were exposed to either full (32) or half‐strength (16) seawater for up to 24 h. First, oxygen consumption rates were used to estimate the metabolic costs over 24 h. Secondly, blood and muscle samples were analysed at 6, 12 and 24 h for water loss, various measures of osmoregulatory status (plasma osmolality and ions) and other standard haematological variables. Juveniles exposed to full‐strength seawater showed significant decreases in oxygen consumption rates during the 24 h exposure. Furthermore, seawater‐exposed fish had significantly increased plasma osmolality, ions (Na+ and Cl−) and a 17% decrease in total wet mass over the 24 h exposure period. To a lesser extent, increases in osmolality, ions and mass loss were observed in fish exposed to half‐strength seawater but no changes to oxygen consumption. Cortisol was also significantly increased in fish exposed to full‐strength seawater. While plasma protein was elevated following 24 h in full‐strength seawater, haemoglobin, haematocrit and plasma glucose levels did not change with increased salinity. These results imply an inability of juvenile A. brevirostrum to regulate water and ions in full‐strength seawater within 24 h. Nonetheless, no mortality occurred in any exposure, suggesting that juvenile A. brevirostrum can tolerate short periods in saline environments.
SPECULATIVE TRADING IN REITS
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Whitby Ryan J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe recent extremes in the real estate economic cycle have created an ideal setting to investigate the role of speculative trading. Specifically, we focus on speculative trading in real estate investment trusts (REITs) during the recent boom and bust in real estate. Although we find a strong relation between speculative trading in REITs and the economic cycle, we do not find evidence that speculative trading is related to future returns. Our results suggest that although increased speculative trading is apparent in REITs during the boom years, the level of speculative trading in REITs does not appear to affect the quality of markets at large.