bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of linear and nonlinear heart rate dynamics after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery
Authors: Pantoni Camila Bianca Falasco , Mendes Renata Gonçalves , Di Thommazo‐Luporini Luciana , Simões Rodrigo Polaquini , Amaral‐Neto Othon , Arena Ross , Guizilini Solange , Gomes Walter José , Catai Aparecida Maria , Borghi‐Silva Audrey 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundConventional coronary artery bypass grafting (C‐CABG) and off‐pump CABG (OPCAB) surgery may produce different patients’ outcomes, including the extent of cardiac autonomic (CA) imbalance. The beneficial effects of an exercise‐based inpatient programme on heart rate variability (HRV) for C‐CABG patients have already been demonstrated by our group. However, there are no studies about the impact of a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on HRV behaviour after OPCAB. The aim of this study is to compare the influence of both operative techniques on HRV pattern following CR in the postoperative (PO) period.MethodsCardiac autonomic function was evaluated by HRV indices pre‐ and post‐CR in patients undergoing C‐CABG (n = 15) and OPCAB (n = 13). All patients participated in a short‐term (approximately 5 days) supervised CR programme of early mobilization, consisting of progressive exercises, from active‐assistive movements at PO day 1 to climbing flights of stairs at PO day 5.ResultsBoth groups demonstrated a reduction in HRV following surgery. The CR programme promoted improvements in HRV indices at discharge for both groups. The OPCAB group presented with higher HRV values at discharge, compared to the C‐CABG group, indicating a better recovery of CA function.ConclusionOur data suggest that patients submitted to OPCAB and an inpatient CR programme present with greater improvement in CA function compared to C‐CABG.
Gene targeting technologies in rats: Zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator‐like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
Authors: Mashimo Tomoji 
Published: December 2013

The laboratory rat has been widely used as an animal model in biomedical science for more than 150 years. Applying zinc‐finger nucleases or transcription activator‐like effector nucleases to rat embryos via microinjection is an efficient genome editing tool for generating targeted knockout rats. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated endonucleases have been used as an effective tool for precise and multiplex genome editing in mice and rats. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of these site‐specific nuclease technologies for genetic analysis and manipulation in rats are discussed.
Kidney function crucially affects B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N‐terminal proBNP and their relationship
Authors: Takase Hiroyuki , Dohi Yasuaki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N‐terminal proBNP (NT‐proBNP) are useful biomarkers in the management of heart failure. Both peptides are secreted into the circulation after cleavage of their precursor proBNP and excreted from the kidney in the active form or as metabolites. We investigated effects of kidney function on the levels and association of these peptides.Materials and methodsPlasma concentrations of BNP and serum concentrations of NT‐proBNP were measured in 229 outpatients of our cardiology department (male/female = 138/91, mean age= 68 years) and 53 hospital outpatients on chronic haemodialysis (30/23, 68 years). Kidney function in nondialysed patients was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; mL/min/1·73 m2) and categorised across five stages. Effects of kidney function on BNP, NT‐proBNP and their relationship were investigated.ResultsDeterioration in kidney function increased BNP and NT‐proBNP levels, as well as the NT‐proBNP/BNP ratio, and these values were highest in patients on haemodialysis. The eGFR inversely correlated with BNP (r = –0·472), NT‐proBNP (r = –0·579), and the NT‐proBNP/BNP ratio (r = –0·454, all P < 0·0001). A significant correlation was observed between BNP and NT‐proBNP at all stages of kidney function including patients on haemodialysis, but the correlation was significantly affected by kidney function.ConclusionsAlthough circulating levels of both BNP and NT‐proBNP increased with deteriorating kidney function, the impact of kidney function on NT‐proBNP was much more pronounced than that on BNP. Kidney function should be taken into account when interpreting data on BNP, NT‐proBNP and their relationship.
Exploring host‐associated differentiation in the North American native cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii, from blueberries and cranberries
Authors: Medina R.F. , Szendrei Z. , Harrison K. , Isaacs R. , Averill A. , Malo E.A. , Rodriguez‐Saona C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe factors explaining host‐associated differentiation (HAD) have not yet been fully characterized, especially in agricultural systems. It is thought that certain characteristics within a system may increase the probability for HAD to occur. These characteristics include relatively long‐standing evolutionary relationships between insects and their host plants, endophagy, and allochrony in host‐plant phenologies. We assessed the status of these characteristics as well as the presence of HAD in the cranberry fruitworm, Acrobasis vaccinii Riley (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a pest associated with blueberry and cranberry in eastern North America. We reveal the occurrence of two distinct populations of A. vaccinii that are allochronically isolated by the phenological stage of their respective host plants (cranberries or blueberries). Laboratory‐reared A. vaccinii adults collected from blueberries emerge at least 1 week earlier than adults from cranberries and the antennal sensitivity of adults to host‐plant volatiles differs between A. vaccinii collected from blueberry and cranberry. Despite finding characteristics indicative of HAD, we did not detect a genetic signature of HAD in A. vaccinii. These findings suggest that HAD may occur through behavioral and phenological mechanisms before there is sufficient genetic variation to be detected.
A chalcid wasp acts chiefly as a hyperparasitoid by mostly using small uncommon hosts
Authors: Macedo Margarete V. , Monteiro Ricardo F. , da Fonseca Adriana M. , Mayhew Peter J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlthough ovipositing insects may predominantly use resources that lead to high offspring quality, exceptions to this rule have considerably aided understanding of oviposition decisions. We report the frequency of host species use by a solitary facultative hyperparasitoid, Brachymeria subrugosa Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae). In our samples, the wasp attacks the large pupae of the moth Gonioterma indecora Zeller (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), as well as the considerably smaller, and rarer, pupae of two of its other parasitoids. Consistent with conditional sex allocation models, the wasp produced mainly female offspring on the largest (moth) host, an unbiased sex ratio on the middle‐sized (parasitoid) host, and only males on the smallest (parasitoid) host. Adult offspring size was correlated with the size of the host attacked. These features strongly suggest that the two smaller, primary parasitoid, hosts produce lower‐quality offspring. Despite being more common, the proportion of hosts from which parasitoids emerged was lowest (14%) on the largest host species, and highest on the rarer middle‐sized (34%) and smallest (30%) hosts. This suggests that costs or constraints on attacking high‐quality primary hosts may be a selective force favouring the evolution of hyperparasitism.
Wheat bulb fly, Delia coarctata, larval attraction to phenolic components of host‐plant root exudates
Authors: Rogers C.D. , Evans K.A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWheat bulb fly (WBF), Delia coarctata Fallén (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), larvae are a subterranean pest of wheat [Triticum aestivum L. (Poaceae)] and other cereals. Larvae locate host plants through chemotaxis and chemokinesis, utilising the primary plant metabolite carbon dioxide as a ‘search trigger’ and Poaceae‐specific secondary plant metabolites exuded from the plant. The aim of this study was to use arena bioassays to identify further compounds involved in the host‐finding process. The larval behavioural response to four concentrations of syringic and vanillic acid, chemical constituents of host‐plant exudates, were tested. Analysis of the final resting position of D. coarctata larvae by the Rayleigh test of uniformity identified attraction to wheat seedling exudates and to both compounds at the lowest concentrations tested, with syringic acid concentrations being most attractive at 0.1 mg l−1 and vanillic acid being most attractive at 0.001 mg l−1. These results add more detail to the subterranean chemical ecology of this species, allowing a behavioural sequence for host‐plant orientation by WBF larvae to be proposed.
Genetic structure of cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cingulata) populations across managed, unmanaged, and natural habitats
Authors: Smith James J. , Powell Thomas H.Q. , Teixeira Luis , Armstrong William O. , McClowry Robert J. , Isaacs Rufus , Hood Glen R. , Feder Jeffrey L. , Gut Larry 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe cherry fruit fly (CFF),Rhagoletis cingulataLoew (Diptera:Tephritidae:Trypetini), is endemic to easternNorthAmerica andMexico, where its primary native host is black cherry [Prunus serotinaEhrh. (Rosaceae)]. Cherry fruit fly is also a major economic pest of the fruit of cultivated sweet (Prunus aviumL.) and tart (Prunus cerasusL.) cherries. AdultCFFthat attack wild black cherry and introduced, domesticated cherries in commercial and abandoned orchards are active at different times of the summer, potentially generating allochronic isolation that could genetically differentiate native from sweet and tartCFFpopulations. Here, we test for host‐related genetic differences amongCFFpopulations inMichigan attacking cherries in managed, unmanaged, and native habitats by scoring flies for 10 microsatellite loci. Little evidence for genetic differentiation was found across the three habitats or between the northern and southern MichiganCFFpopulations surveyed in the study. Local gene flow between native black cherry, commercial, and abandoned orchards may therefore be sufficient to overcome seasonal differences in adultCFFactivity and prevent differentiation for microsatellites not directly associated with (tightly linked to) genes affecting eclosion time. The results do not support the existence of host‐associated races inCFFand imply that flies attacking native, managed, and unmanaged cherries should be considered to represent a single population for pest management purposes.
Responses and adaptation by Nephotettix virescens to monogenic and pyramided rice lines with Grh‐resistance genes
Authors: Vu Quynh , Quintana Reyuel , Fujita Daisuke , Bernal Carmencita C. , Yasui Hideshi , Medina Celia D. , Horgan Finbarr G. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), occasionally damages rice in Asia either directly, by feeding on the host phloem, or indirectly by transmitting tungro virus. We assessed the nature of resistance against the leafhopper in monogenic and pyramided near‐isogenic rice lines containing the resistance genes Grh2 and Grh4. Only the pyramided line was resistant to leafhopper damage. Leafhopper nymphs and adults had high mortality and low weight gain when feeding on the pyramided line and adults laid few eggs. In contrast, although there was some minor resistance in 45‐day‐old plants that possessed either Grh2 or Grh4 genes, the monogenic lines were generally as susceptible to the leafhopper as the recurrent parent line Taichung65 (T65). Resistance in the pyramided line was stable as the plant aged and under high nitrogen, and affected each of five Philippine leafhopper populations equally. Furthermore, in a selection study, leafhoppers failed to adapt fully to the pyramided resistant line: nymph and adult survival did improve during the first five generations of selection and attained similar levels as on T65, but egg‐laying failed to improve over 10 generations. Our preliminary results suggested that resistance was associated with physiological costs to the plants in some experiments. The results of this study demonstrate the success of pyramiding resistance genes through marker‐assisted breeding, to achieve a strong and potentially durable resistance. We discuss the utility of gene pyramiding and the development of near‐isogenic lines for leafhopper management.
Does Female Personality Determine Mate Choice Through Sexual Cannibalism?
Authors: Rabaneda‐Bueno Rubén , Aguado Sara , Fernández‐Montraveta Carmen , Moya‐Laraño Jordi 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAnimal personalities (e.g. consistent across‐context behavioural differences between individuals) can lead to differences in mate choice. However, evidence for this link remains limited. Pre‐mating sexual cannibalism can be a behavioural syndrome (i.e. a suboptimal personality) in which adaptive female aggression towards heterospecific prey spills over on non‐adaptive aggression towards courting males, independently of the female mating or feeding status (i.e. the ‘aggressive spillover hypothesis’,ASH). On the other hand, sexual cannibalism can also be a form of mate choice by which females selectively kill or mate with males depending on the male phenotype. We introduce the hypothesis that the most aggressive females in the population will not only attack males more frequently, but will be less likely to impose sexual selection on males through sexual cannibalism. Assuming that in a field common garden experiment in which females were fedad libitumthe rate of weight gain by a female may reflect her voracity or aggressiveness, we show that in the cannibalistic burrowing wolf spiderLycosa hispanica(formerlyL. tarantula), voracity towards heterospecific prey predicts a female's tendency towards sexual cannibalism. Unmated females with higher weight gains were more cannibalistic and attacked males regardless of the male phenotype. On the other hand, females that were less voracious tended to be less cannibalistic, and when they did kill a male, they were selective, killing males in poorer condition and mating with those in better condition. Our results demonstrate that females with different phenotypes (growth rates) differently imposed selection on male condition, tentatively supporting the hypothesis that female aggression levels can spill over on sexual selection through sexual cannibalism.
Stability of athlete blood passport parameters during air freight
Authors: Ashenden M. , Sharpe K. , Plowman J. , Allbon G. , Lobigs L. , Baron A. , Gore C. J. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIntroductionFluctuations in ambient temperature and pressure, as well as physical jostling, may affect the stability of whole blood samples transported by air freight. The aim of this study was to characterize the stability of key blood variables during air freight and to investigate whether vibration or reduced pressure alone affected results.MethodsOver a 72‐h interval, we evaluated the stability of full blood count indices (plus reticulocytes) in tubes that were air‐freighted a total of 2, 10 and 28 h. We also examined the impact of 24 h of reduced atmospheric pressure (750 hpa or approximately 2500 m.a.s.l) and vibration (5 Hz). Samples were measured on a Sysmex XT‐2000i instrument.ResultsThe two key variables in the context of antidoping (haemoglobin concentration, reticulocytes) remained stable over a 72‐h period regardless of the duration of air freight. Atmospheric pressure and vibration had no discernible effect.ConclusionWhole blood samples stored in NanoCool devices can be relied upon to remain stable for at least 72 h despite interim air freight.
Novel and rapid enumeration method of peripheral blood stem cells using automated hematology analyzer
Authors: Tanosaki R. , Kumazawa T. , Yoshida A. , Oguni S. , Nakano A. , Yamagata S. , Takahashi N. , Kurosawa S. , Kim S. W. , Yamashita T. , Mori S. , Heike Y. , Fukuda T. , Hamaguchi Y. , Tsuda H. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe number of infused CD34+ cells is crucial to the success of peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Here, we present, for the first time, a new method of enumerating hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for PBSCT.MethodThis novel method is based on hemolysis and chemical staining, followed by flow cytometry‐based optical detection, conducted using an automated hematology analyzer (XN series, Sysmex). CD34+ cells and HPCs were compared in 76 granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized blood or apheresis samples taken from healthy donors (n = 18) or patients undergoing autologous PBSCT (n = 6).ResultsThere was a strong correlation between the numbers of HPCs and CD34+ cells (R2 = 0.958). The expected total number of HPCs in the final products, which was estimated from HPCs in pre‐apheresis PB or mid‐apheresis products, also correlated well with the total number of CD34+ cells in the final products. The change in HPCs in PB closely resembled that of CD34+ cells during mobilization. Experiments using immunomagnetic beads suggested that the majority of CD34+ cells existed in HPCs, and vice versa.ConclusionHematopoietic progenitor cells may serve as surrogates for CD34+ cells in PBSCT. However, further investigations are required to verify this.
Developmental origins of complex radular characters in the Muricidae: the bifid rachidian edge
Authors: Pio María José , Herbert Gregory S. , Pastorino Guido 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMuricid gastropod radulae are more complex than those of most other neogastropods, especially in the number and variety of cusps, denticles, and interlocking mechanisms. How this complexity evolved, however, is unknown. Morphological gaps between higher taxa within the Muricidae are substantial, and there are few unambiguous intermediates. Here, we use developmental data from the Patagonian trophonine muricid Trophon geversianus to investigate the evolution of an unusual condition in which there are two marginal cusps at each end of each central rachidian tooth, rather than one or none as in most muricids. Trophon geversianus begins ontogeny with one marginal cusp (the inner marginal cusp), but a second (the outer marginal cusp) appears later, arising from separation of the rachidian base edge from the radular membrane rather than through bifurcation or lateral migration of pre‐existing cusps. Truncation of development (i.e., paedomorphosis) at this second developmental phase in a trophonine ancestor provides an explanation for the lack of transitional forms between most adult trophonine muricids, which have the plesiomorphic condition of one marginal cusp, and sister group ocenebrine muricids, which have the derived condition of two marginal cusps.
Rhogocytes in gastropod larvae: developmental transformation from protonephridial terminal cells
Authors: Stewart Heather , Westlake Hannah E. , Page Louise R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRhogocytes, terminal cells of protonephridia, and podocytes of metanephridial systems share an architectural feature that creates an apparent sieving device. The sieve serves to ultrafilter body fluid during the excretion and osmoregulation process carried out by nephridial systems, but its function in rhogocytes is unclear. Rhogocytes are molluscan hemocoelic cells that appear to have various functions related to metabolism of metal ions, including synthesis of hemocyanin in some gastropods and metal detoxification in pteriomorph bivalves. A hypothesis that proposed developmental and possibly evolutionary conversion between protonephridial terminal cells and rhogocytes has never been further explored; indeed, information on the occurrence of rhogocytes in molluscan developmental stages is meager. We used transmission electron microscopy to show that rhogocytes are present within larvae of eight species of gastropods sampled from the three major gastropod clades with a feeding larval stage in the life history. In larvae of a heterobranch gastropod, a rhogocyte was located next to each terminal cell of a pair of protonephridia that flanked the foregut, whereas all six species of caenogastropod larvae and a neritimorph larva that we examined had rhogocytes, but no protonephridia, in this location. We did not find ring‐shaped profiles of hemocyanin decamers within rhogocytes of larvae or pre‐hatch embryos. Rhogocytes in newly released larvae of Nerita melanotragus contained orderly bundles of cylinders, but the diameter of the cylinders was only 70% of the diameter typical of hemocyanin multidecamers. By examining embryos of the caenogastropod Nassarius mendicus at four successive developmental time points that bracketed the occurrence of larval hatching, we found that terminal cells from non‐functional protonephridia in pre‐hatch embryos transformed into rhogocytes around the time of hatching. This empirical evidence of ontogenetic transformation of protonephridial terminal cells into rhogocytes might be interpreted as developmental recapitulation of an evolutionary transition that occurred early in molluscan history.
Species delimitation, patterns of diversification and historical biogeography of the Neotropical frog genus Adenomera (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Fouquet Antoine , Santana Cassini Carla , Fernando Baptista Haddad Célio , Pech Nicolas , Trefaut Rodrigues Miguel 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimFor many taxa, inaccuracy of species boundaries and distributions hampers inferences about diversity and evolution. This is particularly true in the Neotropics where prevalence of cryptic species has often been demonstrated. The frog genus Adenomera is suspected to harbour many more species than the 16 currently recognized. These small terrestrial species occur in Amazonia, Atlantic Forest (AF), and in the open formations of the Dry Diagonal (DD: Chaco, Cerrado and Caatinga). This widespread and taxonomically complex taxon provides a good opportunity to (1) test species boundaries, and (2) investigate historical connectivity between Amazonia and the AF and associated patterns of diversification.LocationTropical South America east of the Andes.MethodsWe used molecular data (four loci) to estimate phylogenetic relationships among 320 Adenomera samples. These results were integrated with other lines of evidence to propose a conservative species delineation. We subsequently used an extended dataset (seven loci) and investigated ancestral area distributions, dispersal–vicariance events, and the temporal pattern of diversification within Adenomera.ResultsOur conservative delineation identified 31 Confirmed Candidate Species (four remaining unconfirmed) representing a 94% increase in species richness. The biogeographical analysis suggested an Amazonian origin of Adenomera with as many as three dispersals to the DD and one to the AF during the Miocene. These dispersals were associated with habitat shifts from forest towards open habitats.Main conclusionsThe DD played a major role in the history of Adenomera in limiting dispersal and favouring diversification of open‐habitat lineages. Moreover, a forest bridge during the Miocene Climatic Optimum may have permitted dispersal from Amazonia towards the AF and subsequent diversification. Uncovering species boundaries and distributions might drastically change inferences based on currently perceived distribution patterns.