bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Model to Estimate Knee-Abduction Moment: Implications for Development of a Clinically Applicable Patellofemoral Pain Screening Tool in Female Athletes
Authors: Myer Gregory D. , Ford Kevin R. , Foss Kim D. Barber , Rauh Mitchell J. , Paterno Mark V. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: April 2014

Context:Prospective measures of high external knee-abduction moment (KAM) during landing identify female athletes at increased risk of patellofemoral pain (PFP). A clinically applicable screening protocol is needed.Objective:To identify biomechanical laboratory measures that would accurately quantify KAM loads during landing that predict increased risk of PFP in female athletes and clinical correlates to laboratory-based measures of increased KAM status for use in a clinical PFP injury-risk prediction algorithm. We hypothesized that we could identify clinical correlates that combine to accurately determine increased KAM associated with an increased risk of developing PFP.Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Setting:Biomechanical laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Adolescent female basketball and soccer players (n = 698) from a single-county public school district.Main Outcome Measure(s):We conducted tests of anthropometrics, maturation, laxity, flexibility, strength, and landing biomechanics before each competitive season. Pearson correlation and linear and logistic regression modeling were used to examine high KAM (&gt;15.4 Nm) compared with normal KAM as a surrogate for PFP injury risk.Results:The multivariable logistic regression model that used the variables peak knee-abduction angle, center-of-mass height, and hip rotational moment excursion predicted KAM associated with PFP risk (&gt;15.4 NM of KAM) with 92% sensitivity and 74% specificity and a C statistic of 0.93. The multivariate linear regression model that included the same predictors accounted for 70% of the variance in KAM. We identified clinical correlates to laboratory measures that combined to predict high KAM with 92% sensitivity and 47% specificity. The clinical prediction algorithm, including knee-valgus motion (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.31, 1.63), center-of-mass height (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.15, 1.26), and hamstrings strength/body fat percentage (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.02, 3.16) predicted high KAM with a C statistic of 0.80.Conclusions:Clinical correlates to laboratory-measured biomechanics associated with an increased risk of PFP yielded a highly sensitive model to predict increased KAM status. This screening algorithm consisting of a standard camcorder, physician scale for mass, and handheld dynamometer may be used to identify athletes at increased risk of PFP.
A model for mentoring newly-appointed nurse educators in nursing education institutions in South Africa
Authors: Seekoe Eunice 
Published: April 2014

Background: South Africa transformed higher education through the enactment of the Higher Education Act (No. 101 of 1997). The researcher identified the need to develop a model for the mentoring of newly-appointed nurse educators in nursing education institutions in South Africa. Objectives: To develop and describe the model for mentoring newly-appointed nurse educators in nursing education institutions in South Africa. Method: A qualitative and theory-generating design was used (following empirical findings regarding needs analysis) in order to develop the model. The conceptualisation of the framework focused on the context, content, process and the theoretical domains that influenced the model. Ideas from different theories were borrowed from and integrated with the literature and deductive and inductive strategies were applied. Results: The structure of the model is multidimensional and complex in nature (macro, mesoand micro) based on the philosophy of reflective practice, competency-based practice andcritical learning theories. The assumptions are in relation to stakeholders, context, mentoring, outcome, process and dynamic. The stakeholders are the mentor and mentee within an interactive participatory relationship. The mentoring takes place within the process with a sequence of activities such as relationship building, development, engagement, reflective process and assessment. Capacity building and empowerment are outcomes of mentoring driven by motivation. Conclusion: The implication for nurse managers is that the model can be used to develop mentoring programmes for newly-appointed nurse educators.
Analysts’ Recommendation Revisions and Investment Value
Authors: Yang Erjia , Li Lu , Chen Yunsen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Using a sample of Chinese analysts’ recommendations from 2005 to 2010, we find the following results: first, on average, the recommendations of Chinese security analysts have investment value; second, buy recommendations from star analysts have more investment value than those of non-star analysts. These results suggest that analysts do have some expertise. This research makes several contributions to the field: first, it can assist the more efficient allocation of economic resources; second, it investigates Chinese analysts’ expertise; third, it can help investors to select valuable recommendations to form portfolios; and fourth, it can help brokerage houses to evaluate the output of research departments.
Value of Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification in Stages of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yu Ning , Zhang Yueyue , Xu Yan 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) in stages of diabetic kidney disease.MethodsA total of 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into 3 groups according to their urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR): normoalbuminuria (ACR <30 mg/g of creatinine), microalbuminuria (ACR 30–300 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g and estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Thirty volunteers served as controls. Virtual Touch tissue quantification was performed in the 4 groups to determine the shear wave velocity (SWV) of the renal cortex, and changes in the SWV were compared between the groups. Correlation analysis was performed between the SWV and ACR in the type 2 diabetes groups.ResultsWhen SWVs were compared, there was no significant difference between the normoalbuminuria and control group (P = .40), but there was a significant difference between the microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria groups and the control group (P < .05). There was also a significant difference between each pair of type 2 diabetes groups (P < .05). The correlation coefficient for the SWV and log(ACR) in type 2 diabetes was 0.773 (P < .05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the area under the curve for SWV diagnosis of diabetes complicated by renal injury was 0.93; the best cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity were 2.43 m/s, 85.7%, and 84.5%, respectively.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use VTQ to determine the renal cortical SWV for judging renal injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The SWV increases as the renal injury progresses and thus plays an important role in diabetic kidney disease stages.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Sonography Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Gao Yong , Zhu Shang-Yong , Dai Yi , Lu Bing-Feng , Lu Lu 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the accuracy of sonography versus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a diagnosis of primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma.MethodsA total of 150 patients suspected of having nasopharyngeal carcinoma underwent sonography and MRI. A diagnosis was obtained from an endoscopic biopsy that was collected from the suspected tumor or a normal nasopharynx. The diagnostic performance of sonography and MRI for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The sensitivity and specificity of the two imaging methods were compared by the McNemar test.ResultsNasopharyngeal carcinoma was present in 71 of 150 patients (47.3%) and absent in 79 (52.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of sonography versus MRI for these cases were 90.1%, 84.8%, and 87.3% for sonography and 97.2%, 89.9%, and 93.3% for MRI, respectively. Both sonography and MRI had good diagnostic performance for nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with area under the curve values of 0.958 and 0.987, respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of tumor detectability between sonography and MRI (P = .12), and the specificities of sonography and MRI were similar (P = .22).ConclusionsBoth sonography and MRI are useful tools for clinical screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, sonography is less expensive and easier to perform. The results of this study also suggest that nasopharyngeal sonography could be used for the initial investigation of primary cancer in patients suspected of having nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Fluoride Ring‐Opening Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides: Preparation of (

S

)‐2‐Fluoro‐1‐Phenylethanol
Authors: Shaw Travis W. , Kalow Julia A. , Doyle Abigail G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

(
R,R)‐
(−)‐
N,N′‐
Bis(3,5‐di‐
tert
‐butylsalicylidiene)‐1,2‐cyclohexanedaminocobalt(II)

Styrene oxide
1.5‐Diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene
Benzoyl fluoride
Sodium borohydride
Allylic Oxidation Catalyzed by Dirhodium(II) Tetrakis[ε‐caprolactamate] oftert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐protectedtrans‐Dehydroandrosterone
Authors: Ratnikov* Maxim O. , Goldmann Petra L. , McLaughlin Emily C. , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstracte‐CaprolactamDirhodium(Ii) tetrakis[e‐caprolactamate]tert‐Butylhydroperoxide1,2‐DichlorethaneTBDMSCl1H‐ImidazoleN,N‐DimethylformamideAndrost‐5‐en‐17‐oneAndrost‐5‐ene‐7,17‐dione
Dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene: Multi‐gram Synthesis of a Bidentate Ligand
Authors: Franck Géraldine , Brill Marcel , Helmchen Günter 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
5,6.11,12‐Tetrahydodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene
Tetrahydrofuran
Lithium
5,6,11,12,17,18‐Hexahydro‐tribenzo[a,e,i] cyclododecene
5,11‐Dibromo‐5,6,11,12‐tetrahydrodobenzo[a,e]‐cyclooctene

N
‐Bromosuccinimide

Carbon tetrachloride
Dibenz[A,e]cyclooctene

Potassium
tert
‐butoxide
Synthesis of 8,8‐Dipropylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,3,5‐trien‐7‐one via Pd‐catalyzed IntramolecularCH Bond‐Acylation
Authors: Martin Ruben , Flores‐Gaspar Areli 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
2‐Bromophenylacetonitrile
NaHMDS
1‐Iodopropane
DIBAL‐H
Acetic acid, palladium
Rac‐BINAP
Carbonic acid, cesium salt
2‐(2‐Bromopheynyl)‐2‐propylpentanal
[8,8,‐Dipropylbicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,3,5‐trien‐7‐one
[(1E)‐1‐Propylbutyl‐1‐enyl]benzene
Preparation of (

R

a

)‐Methyl 3‐(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)hexa‐3,4‐dienoatea
Authors: Brawn Ryan A. , Panek James S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Lithium chloride

3‐Butyn‐2‐ol

n‐
Butyllithium

Chloro(dimethyl)phenylsilane

Vinyl acetate

Trimethylorthoacetate

Propionic acid

Lithium borohydride

(±)‐4‐(Dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)‐but‐3‐yn‐2‐ol

(
S
)‐4‐(Dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)‐but‐3‐yn‐2‐ol

(
S
)‐4‐(Dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)‐but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl acetate

(

R
a

)‐Methyl‐3‐(dimethyl(phenyl)silyl)hexa‐3,4‐dienoate
Gold(
I
)‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Allylic Amination of Allylic

N

‐Tosylcarbamates
Authors: Xing Dong , Yang Dan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Trans‐
2‐Penten‐1‐ol

p‐
Toluenesulfonylisocyanate

N,N‐
Diisopropyl ethylamine

Gold(I) chloride
Silver trifluromethanesulfonate
Preparation of
t
‐Butyl‐3‐Bromo‐5‐Formylbenzoate Through Selective Metal‐Halogen Exchange Reactions
Authors: Arredondo Juan D. , Li Hongmei , Balsells Jaume 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
t‐Butyl‐3,5‐dibromobenzoate

n‐
Butylmagnesium chloride

n
‐Butyllithium

Di‐
tert
‐butyl dicarbonate

1,3,5‐Tribromobenzene

t
‐Butyl‐3‐bromo‐5‐formylbenzaote

Iso‐Propylmagnesium chloride

N,N‐
Dimethlformamide
Synthesis of Cyclobutarenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed
C
(sp
3
)‐
H
Bond Arylation: Preparation of Methyl 7‐Methylbicyclo[4.2.0]Octa‐1,3,5‐Triene‐7‐Carboxylate
Authors: Davi Michaël , Comte Arnaud , Jazzar Rodolphe , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
(2‐Chlorphenyl)acetic acid
Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
Iodomethane
Palladium(II) acetate

Tri
‐t
‐butylphosphonimtetrafluroborate

Potassium carbonate
Enals via a Simple Two‐Carbon Homologation of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Valenta Petr , Drucker Natalie A , Walsh Patrick J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Ethoxyacetylene
Borane dimethyl sulfide complex
Diethyl zinc
Hydrocinnamaldehyde
5‐Phenyl‐pent‐2‐enal
t
‐Butyl as a Pyrazole Protecting Group: Preparation and Use of 1‐
tert
‐Butyl‐3‐Methyl‐1

H

‐Pyrazole‐5‐Amine
Authors: Pollock Patrick M. , Cole Kevin P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Tert
‐Butylhydrazine hydrochloride

3‐Aminocrotonitrile

tert
‐Butyl‐3‐methyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amine

2‐Chloropyridine
Pd(dba)2
4,5‐Bis(diphenylphosphino) 9,9‐dimethylxanthene

Tetra‐
n
‐butylammonium bromide

Trifluoroacetic acid
Observation of polar stratospheric clouds over McMurdo (77.85°S, 166.67°E) (2006–2010)
Authors: Di Liberto Luca , Cairo Francesco , Fierli Federico , Di Donfrancesco Guido , Viterbini Maurizio , Deshler Terry , Snels Marcel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPolar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) have been observed in the Antarctic winter from 2006 to 2010 at the Antarctic base of McMurdo Station using a newly developed Rayleigh lidar. Total backscatter ratio and volume depolarization at 532 nm have been measured from 9 km up to 30 km with an average of 90 measurements per winter season. The data set was analyzed in order to evaluate the occurrence of PSCs based on their altitude, seasonal variability, geometrical thickness, and cloud typology derived from observed optical parameters. We have adopted the latest version of the scheme used to classify PSCs detected by the CALIPSO satellite‐based lidar in order to facilitate comparison of ground‐based and satellite‐borne lidars. This allowed us to approximately identify how processes acting at different spatial scales might affect the formation of different PSC particles. The McMurdo lidar observations are dominated by PSC layers during the Antarctic winter. A clear difference between the different type of PSCs classified according to the observed optical parameters and their geometrical thickness was observed. Ice and supercooled ternary solution PSCs are observed predominantly as thin layers, while thicker layers are associated with nitric acid trihydrate particles. The same classification scheme has been adopted to reanalyze the 1995–2001 McMurdo lidar data in order to compare both data sets (1995–2001 versus 2006–2010).
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of Eocene and Miocene sediments in the Qaidam Basin, Northwest China: Implication for Cenozoic tectonic transition and depocenter migration
Authors: Yu Xiangjiang , Huang Baochun , Guan Shuwei , Fu Suotang , Cheng Feng , Cheng Xiang , Zhang Tuo , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Cenozoic evolution of the Qaidam basin, especially its paleostress field, can provide a better understanding of the dynamistic process of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Under certain conditions, Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) holds great potential for investigating early tectonic events, even where macroscopic and microscopic evidence of deformation is invisible. A basin‐scale AMS study of the middle to late Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation and the early to middle Miocene Xiayoushashan Formation from seven locations was conducted, covering most outcrops of these two formations within the Qaidam basin. In the western Qaidam basin, principal stress directions inferred from AMS ellipsoids consist with those inferred from fold axial traces, while at Eboliang and in the northern Qaidam basin, most principal stress directions reflected by AMS ellipsoids are different from those reflected by fold axial traces. Two epochs of compressive strain have been identified: an early N‐S strain no later than Oligocene and a late NE‐SW strain since Miocene. The early N‐S compression is more intense in the northern Qaidam basin than that in the western Qaidam basin, while the late NE‐SW compression, which dominates the modern NW‐SE trending fold axial traces, is more intense in the western Qaidam basin than that in the northern Qaidam basin. The stress transfer provides a reasonable explanation for the southeastward migration of the deposition center in the Qaidam basin during Cenozoic. Moreover, the appearance of E‐component compression may be in close relationship with the beginning of the left‐lateral strike‐slip Kunlun Fault or the eastward channel flow to the south of the Kunlun Fault.
ECU
Design and Reliability
Authors: Yoshimi Joji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Onboard
ECUs
have become larger in scale and increasingly complex to meet the various requirements demanded of vehicles. Such
ECUs
are efficiently designed by utilizing design support tools. A higher level of reliability is also required of onboard
ECUs
, and onboard
ECUs
are evaluated in a specific manner.

This chapter describes case examples of utilizing design support tools that apply simulation technology used in design, and future prospects. Examples of what to look for when performing a reliability assessment, the onboard environment,
ECU
failure mode, reliability test items, and accelerated testing are also explained.
Causal Assessment in Environmental Studies
Authors: Norton Susan B. , W. Suter Glenn 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCausal assessments bring together information to reach conclusions about how biological effects happened or can be produced. In environmental studies, a causal assessment may be prompted by observations of undesirable biological effects, concerns over a source or stressor, or questions about the efficacy of management actions. Observational studies are often the principal source of evidence available for causal assessments of environmental issues, but are problematic because causes are not manipulated, replicated, or randomly applied. Pragmatic strategies for interpreting observational study results for causal assessment include breaking up and analyzing causal pathways by mechanistic segment; comparing evidence for alternative causal explanations; using study design or statistical techniques to isolate the effects of individual variables; modeling the effects of multiple variables together; and supplementing observational results with evidence of sufficiency, exposure, and symptoms. Weight‐of‐evidence approaches are well suited to causal assessments because they can provide a common framework for synthesizing disparate types of information while retaining the evidence supporting or refuting conclusions.
A Call for an Unbiased Search for Moderators in Disfluency Research: Reply to Oppenheimer and Alter (2014)
Authors: Kühl Tim , Eitel Alexander , Scheiter Katharina , Gerjets Peter 
Published: April 2014

SummaryIn a commentary to our article, Oppenheimer and Alter stressed the importance of searching for moderators in disfluency research. We agree, but we would like to clarify two issues. First, unlike Oppenheimer and Alter, we assume that learner characteristics might indeed moderate the effects of disfluency. Second, conclusions concerning the impact of disfluency in educational settings might be biased because of the file‐drawer problem. To counteract this possibility, we want to encourage other researchers to publish their studies––regardless of whether they found (positive) effects of disfluency or not. Until then, any recommendation concerning the use of disfluency as an educational intervention seems premature.
Construction workers working in musculoskeletal pain and engaging in leisure‐time physical activity: Findings from a mixed‐methods pilot study
Authors: Caban‐Martinez Alberto J. , Lowe Kincaid A. , Herrick Robert , Kenwood Christopher , Gagne Joshua J. , Becker Jamie F. , Schneider Scott P. , Dennerlein Jack T. , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundWhile exercise has been shown to be beneficial for some musculoskeletal pain conditions, construction workers who are regularly burdened with musculoskeletal pain may engage less in leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) due to pain. In a small pilot study, we investigate how musculoskeletal pain may influence participation in LTPA among construction workers.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed‐methods design was employed using a jobsite‐based survey (n = 43) among workers at two commercial construction sites and one focus group (n = 5).ResultsOver 93% of these construction workers reported engaging in LTPA and 70% reported musculoskeletal pain. Fifty‐seven percent of workers who met either moderate or vigorous LTPA guidelines reported lower extremity pain (i.e., ankle, knee) compared with 21% of those who did not engage in either LTPA (P = 0.04). Focus group analyses indicate that workers felt they already get significant physical activity out of their job because they are “moving all the time and not sitting behind a desk.” Workers also felt they “have no choice but to work through pain and discomfort [as the worker] needs to do anything to get the job done.”ConclusionPilot study findings suggest that construction workers not only engage in either moderate or vigorous LTPA despite musculoskeletal pain but workers in pain engage in more LTPA than construction workers without pain. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:819–825, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sinonasal lymphoma: case series and review of the literature
Authors: Peng Kevin A. , Kita Ashley E. , Suh Jeffrey D. , Bhuta Sunita M. , Wang Marilene B. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundSinonasal lymphoma is a rare rhinologic entity. We present a case series and review the literature surrounding the diagnosis and management of this disease.MethodsA pathology database spanning 22 years at a tertiary care center was searched for a diagnosis of lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses or the nasal cavity. Seventeen cases were identified, and retrospective chart review was performed.ResultsMaxillary and ethmoid sinuses were affected more frequently (n = 8 patients each) than sphenoid and frontal sinuses (n = 5 patients each). Histologically, the most common type was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (53%, 9 patients), followed by extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKL, 21%, 3 patients). Presenting symptoms included nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea (53%, 9 patients) and diplopia (18%, 3 patients); and radiographic imaging demonstrated a discrete mass (59%, 10 patients), sinus opacification (53%, 9 patients), and/or bony erosion (35%, 6 patients). Treatment included chemotherapy alone (71%, 12 patients), chemotherapy and radiation (6%, 1 patient), and radiation alone (6%, 1 patient). The 2‐year and 5‐year overall survival rates were 75% and 53%, respectively, whereas disease‐free 2‐year and 5‐year survival rates were 70% and 49%, respectively.ConclusionLymphoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is extremely rare, may mimic benign processes, and may manifest either in an isolated fashion or in conjunction with systemic disease. B‐cell lymphomas, a more favorable diagnosis, account for a majority of cases, whereas ENKL is associated with rapid disease progression and death. Chemotherapy and radiation are the main therapies. Histologic diagnosis is of paramount importance, and clinicians must remain cognizant of this entity to differentiate it from other sinonasal malignancies.