bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation: A review and updated recommendations
Authors: Schrock Lauren E. , Mink Jonathan W. , Woods Douglas W. , Porta Mauro , Servello Dominico , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Silburn Peter A. , Foltynie Thomas , Walker Harrison C. , Shahed‐Jimenez Joohi , Savica Rodolfo , Klassen Bryan T. , Machado Andre G. , Foote Kelly D. , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Hu Wei , Ackermans Linda , Temel Yasin , Mari Zoltan , Changizi Barbara K. , Lozano Andres , Auyeung M. , Kaido Takanobu , Agid Yves , Welter Marie L. , Khandhar Suketu M. , Mogilner Alon Y. , Pourfar Michael H. , Walter Benjamin L. , Juncos Jorge L. , Gross Robert E. , Kuhn Jens , Leckman James F. , Neimat Joseph A , Okun Michael S. ,   Tourette Syndrome Association International Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) Database and Registry Study Group
Published: December 2014

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) may improve disabling tics in severely affected medication and behaviorally resistant Tourette syndrome (TS). Here we review all reported cases of TS DBS and provide updated recommendations for selection, assessment, and management of potential TS DBS cases based on the literature and implantation experience. Candidates should have a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM V) diagnosis of TS with severe motor and vocal tics, which despite exhaustive medical and behavioral treatment trials result in significant impairment. Deep brain stimulation should be offered to patients only by experienced DBS centers after evaluation by a multidisciplinary team. Rigorous preoperative and postoperative outcome measures of tics and associated comorbidities should be used. Tics and comorbid neuropsychiatric conditions should be optimally treated per current expert standards, and tics should be the major cause of disability. Psychogenic tics, embellishment, and malingering should be recognized and addressed. We have removed the previously suggested 25‐year‐old age limit, with the specification that a multidisciplinary team approach for screening is employed. A local ethics committee or institutional review board should be consulted for consideration of cases involving persons younger than 18 years of age, as well as in cases with urgent indications. Tourette syndrome patients represent a unique and complex population, and studies reveal a higher risk for post‐DBS complications. Successes and failures have been reported for multiple brain targets; however, the optimal surgical approach remains unknown. Tourette syndrome DBS, though still evolving, is a promising approach for a subset of medication refractory and severely affected patients. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Are Established Methods of Physiotherapeutic Management for Long‐term Neurological Conditions Applicable to ‘Orphan’ Conditions such as Syringomyelia?
Authors: Smith Rebecca , Jones Gareth , Curtis Alexandra , Murphy Hollie , Flint Graham 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeSyringomyelia is a rare or ‘orphan’ condition with the potential to cause significant disability and detrimental effects to quality of life. Syringomyelia shares similar symptoms to those common in other long‐term neurological conditions, including spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis. In these more prevalent conditions, physiotherapy is utilized widely and is effective in optimizing physical, psychological and social parameters. Therefore, we theorized that physiotherapy might be transferable to, and beneficial to syringomyelia patients. As a paucity of literature exists in this area, we aimed to evaluate the existing uptake and perceived efficacy of physiotherapy.MethodsAn exploratory, mixed methodology was selected to derive sufficient qualitative data for analysis. Specifically designed questionnaires and semi‐structured interviews yielded data on uptake and perceived physiotherapy efficacy. One hundred patients from a National Health Service tertiary syringomyelia service were invited to participate.ResultsThe questionnaire and interviews were completed by 49 and 20 patients, respectively. Of the small number of patients receiving physiotherapy, the majority reported beneficial effects on pain modulation and quality of life. Stretching and hydrotherapy were deemed effective for relief of pain and stiffness. Additionally, physiotherapy was reported to provide similar benefits to surgical intervention.DiscussionSyringomyelia patients report physiotherapy to provide benefits for symptom management and quality of life. Such findings suggest that established rehabilitation techniques in more common conditions may be transferable to those less prevalent. Uptake of physiotherapy was limited, seemingly because of inadequate information, knowledge and resources. To address these deficiencies, further studies should be planned investigating the effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities, such as hydrotherapy, in parallel or in conjunction with surgery and/or pharmacology. Additionally, syringomyelia could be represented alongside similar pathologies in research trials to initiate further research questions and drivers for funding. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trunk Muscle Activation During Different Quadruped Stabilization Exercises in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Yoon Tae‐Lim , Cynn Heon‐Seock , Choi Sil‐Ah , Choi Woo‐Jeong , Jeong Hyo‐Jung , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Choi Bong‐Sam 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the trunk muscle activities and the local/global activity ratios of the abdominal, back and trunk muscles during stabilization exercises such as one arm raise (AR), one leg raise (LR), and opposing arm/leg raise (ALR) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).MethodTen individuals with chronic LBP (five men and five women) participated in this study. The external oblique abdominis, internal oblique abdominis, multifidus, thoracic part of the lumbar iliocostalis and the local/global activity ratio were assessed, while quadruped stabilization exercises were performed (AR, LR, and ALR); each exercise was carried out three times.ResultOne‐way repeated ANOVA was used to measure the differences in the trunk muscle activity and the local/global activity ratio. Post hoc analyses were performed (α = 0.05/3 = 0.017). In the right internal oblique, muscle activity during LR was significantly greater than that during AR. In the bilateral multifidus and lumbar iliocostalis, each ALR muscle activity was significantly greater than those of AR and LR. In addition, the local/global activity ratios of the back and trunk muscle in LR and ALR were significantly greater compared with AR.ConclusionsLR should be recommended over AR for individuals with chronic LBP. Moreover, the application of ALR should be approached carefully on the basis of progress and ability to stabilize the spine in this patient population. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IPM‐CPR for peaches: incorporating behaviorally‐based methods to manage Halyomorpha halys and key pests in peach
Authors: Blaauw Brett R , Polk Dean , Nielsen Anne L 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has emerged as a key pest in mid‐Atlantic peach production. Current management of H. halys has disrupted IPM programs by relying exclusively on frequent, repeated, season‐long insecticide applications. We developed a behaviorally‐based tactic termed IPM‐CPR (Crop Perimeter Restructuring) that utilizes border sprays for H. halys, groundcover management for Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and mating disruption for Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).RESULTSIPM‐CPR reduced insecticide usage by 25–61%. Generally there was less, and at times significantly less, catfacing injury (attributable to H. halys) in peaches in the IPM‐CPR blocks relative to the standard, and minimal differences in injury due to G. molesta or L. lineolaris. These results suggest that perimeter applications of insecticides exploit the border‐arrestment behavior of H. halys by controlling them at the orchard edge, reducing damage throughout the block.CONCLUSIONIPM‐CPR significantly reduces the area managed by growers for control of H. halys, while simultaneously managing key pests at levels equal to current grower standard practices. This approach brings IPM tactics back into the orchard system after disruption by the invasive H. halys and potentially supports beneficial insects. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
An overview of systems for CT‐ and MRI‐guided percutaneous needle placement in the thorax and abdomen
Authors: Arnolli Maarten M. , Hanumara Nevan C. , Franken Michel , Brouwer Dannis M. , Broeders Ivo A. M. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive biopsies, drainages and therapies in the soft tissue organs of the thorax and abdomen are typically performed through a needle, which is inserted percutaneously to reach the target area. The conventional workflow for needle placement employs an iterative freehand technique. This article provides an overview of needle‐placement systems developed to improve this method.MethodsAn overview of systems for needle placement was assembled, including those found in scientific publications and patents, as well as those that are commercially available. The systems are categorized by function and tabulated.ResultsOver 40 systems were identified, ranging from simple passive aids to fully actuated robots.ConclusionsThe overview shows a wide variety of developed systems with growing complexity. However, given that only a few systems have reached commercial availability, it is clear that the technical community is struggling to develop solutions that are adopted clinically. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of putative lipase and wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase gene knockouts on triacylglycerol accumulation in Gordonia sp. KTR9
Authors: Indest Karl J , Eberly Jed O , Ringelberg David B , Hancock Dawn E 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation and the in vivo ability to catalyze esters from exogenous short chain alcohol sources in Gordonia sp. strain KTR9. In this study, we investigated the effects that putative lipase (KTR9_0186) and wax ester synthase/acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WS/DGAT; KTR9_3844) gene knockouts had on TAG accumulation. Gene disruption of KTR9_0186 resulted in a twofold increase in TAG content in nitrogen starved cells. Lipase mutants subjected to carbon starvation, following nitrogen starvation, retained 75 % more TAGs and retained pigmentation. Transcriptome expression data confirmed the deletion of KTR9_0186 and identified the up-regulation of key genes involved in fatty acid degradation, a likely compensatory mechanism for reduced TAG mobilization. In vitro assays with purified KTR9_3844 demonstrated WS/DGAT activity with short chain alcohols and C16 and C18 fatty acid Co-As. Collectively, these results indicate that Gordonia sp. KTR9 has a suitable tractable genetic background for TAG production as well as the enzymatic capacity to catalyze fatty acid esters from short chain alcohols.
Epidemiologic Dynamics Contributing to Pediatric Wrist Fractures in the United States
Authors: Shah Neil S. , Buzas David , Zinberg Ephraim M. 
Published: December 2014

Background The purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate national trends and factors contributing to pediatric wrist fractures. Methods Over a 16-year period from January 1998 to December 2013, we identified and reviewed patients aged 0–17 years old with the primary diagnosis of wrist fracture, as evaluated in US EDs and chronicled by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. We conducted descriptive epidemiologic, bivariate, and chi-square analyses. Patients were categorized into age-defined subgroups and further stratified by sex, race, location, and consumer product/activity associated with injury. Results There were 53,265 children evaluated in NEISS EDs (national estimate, 1,908,904) with wrist fractures from 1998 to 2013. Mean age was 10.9 years, with 64 % males and 36 % females. The most common locations of injury were place of recreation/sports, home, and school. The top five consumer-product-related injuries were associated with bicycles, football, playground activities, basketball, and soccer. The highest subgroup associations were with beds (0–12 months), stairs (13–36 months), playgrounds (3–5 and 6–10 years), and football (11–17 years). The greatest increase in fractures occurred between ages 0–12 and 13–36 months, with the second-largest increase between ages 3–5 and 6–10. Conclusions It is essential to develop injury prevention and safety strategies as well as identify individual risk factors for fracture, including activity, sex, and key age transitions. Surveillance is imperative to advance our understanding of these fractures, and in the future may facilitate development of research prediction tools to anticipate or prevent injury.
Use of Cottonseed Meal for Producing Eicosapentaenoic Acid by Pythium irregulare
Authors: Liu Feixiang , Cao Ganggang , Guan Zhengbing , Liao Xiangru , Cai Yujie 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCottonseed meal (CSM), a common agricultural by‐product, was used as a nutrient source for the production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by Pythium irregulare. CSM can support good cell growth performance, as can yeast extract (YE). In terms of the maximum EPA content and EPA yield, CSM is superior to YE. Low concentrations of CSM are beneficial to lipid synthesis, and high concentrations favor the EPA content. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) analysis, the optimum contents of glucose and CSM in the fermentation medium were determined to be 40.2 and 16.1 g/l, respectively. After 6 days of fermentation at 25 °C and optimal conditions, the EPA yield and productivity were 245.3 and 40.9 mg/l day, respectively. Particle size of CSM was found to affect the EPA production, and a finely ground CSM (100 mesh) was determined to be best for EPA production. The variation in the fatty acid content of total fatty acid (TFA) indicates that EPA was synthesized through the n‐6 route in P. irregulare and Δ12 desaturase was the key enzyme for EPA biosynthesis. Sodium carbonate was determined to be notably good at removing free gossypol attached to biomass. After fungal biomass from each flask had been harvested from Na2CO3‐supplemented medium, 1 % (w/v) Na2CO3 solution was used to wash the mycelia three times; free gossypol (FG) was not detected (detection limit 0.0018 %). This work provides a new approach using cottonseed meal to produce EPA through fungal fermentation.
Klinik und Genetik der Ichthyosen
Authors: Fischer Judith , Traupe Heiko 
Published: December 2014

Zusammenfassung
Ichthyosen gehören zu einer klinisch und genetisch heterogenen Gruppe von Erkrankungen, die durch generalisierte Schuppung und/oder Hyperkeratosen der Haut charakterisiert sind. Seit der überwiegend klinisch orientierten Konsensus-Klassifikation von Sorèze werden diese Verhornungsstörungen als „Mendelian disorders of cornification“ (MEDOC) zusammengefasst und in syndromale sowie nichtsyndromale Ichthyosen unterteilt. Abgesehen von seltenen erworbenen Fällen liegen den Ichthyosen Gendefekte zugrunde, deren Genprodukte an der Differenzierung und der Barrierefunktion der Epidermis beteiligt sind. Zurzeit sind Mutationen in etwa 40 verschiedenen Genen bekannt, die zu den unterschiedlichen Formen der Ichthyosen führen können. Damit kann in etwa 80–90 % der Fälle die Diagnose molekulargenetisch gesichert werden. Die genetischen Ursachen der übrigen 10–20 % sind noch ungeklärt. Ein Großteil der bislang noch unklaren Krankheitsursachen wird sicherlich in den nächsten Jahren dank neuer Technologien wie der Exom-Sequenzierung entschlüsselt werden.
Building a National Model of Public Mental Health Preparedness and Community Resilience: Validation of a Dual-Intervention, Systems-Based Approach
Authors: McCabe O. Lee , Semon Natalie L. , Thompson Carol B. , Lating Jeffrey M. , Everly George S. , Perry Charlene J. , Moore Suzanne Straub , Mosley Adrian M. , Links Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveWorking within a series of partnerships among an academic health center, local health departments (LHDs), and faith-based organizations (FBOs), we validated companion interventions to address community mental health planning and response challenges in public health emergency preparedness.MethodsWe implemented the project within the framework of an enhanced logic model and employed a multi-cohort, pre-test/post-test design to assess the outcomes of 1-day workshops in psychological first aid (PFA) and guided preparedness planning (GPP). The workshops were delivered to urban and rural communities in eastern and midwestern regions of the United States. Intervention effectiveness was based on changes in relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) and on several behavioral indexes.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in self-reported and objectively measured KSAs across all cohorts. Additionally, GPP teams proved capable of producing quality drafts of basic community disaster plans in 1 day, and PFA trainees confirmed upon follow-up that their training proved useful in real-world trauma contexts. We documented examples of policy and practice changes at the levels of local and state health departments.ConclusionsGiven appropriate guidance, LHDs and FBOs can implement an effective and potentially scalable model for promoting disaster mental health preparedness and community resilience, with implications for positive translational impact.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:511-526)
Pollination ecology and circadian patterns of inflorescence opening of the Madagascan climberDalechampiaaff.bernieri(Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Plebani Marco , Imanizabayo Olive , Hansen Dennis M. , Armbruster W. Scott 
Published: December 2014

Abstract:Floral morphology often directly influences interactions with pollinators, but less is known about the role of extrafloral structures. We studied the relationship between bract motility, floral structural specialization and pollination inDalechampiaaff.bernieri, an endemic Madagascan species with floral structures indicating specialized buzz-pollination. We measured circadian bract angles in 47 inflorescences from 11 plants ofD.aff.bernieri; in addition, we recorded any flower-visiting insects observed. The inflorescences had motile bracts with mean angles varying from ~50° at 00h00 to ~90° at 10h45. They were visited by buzz-pollinatingNomia viridilimbatabees (Halictidae), but also by non-buzz-pollinatingLiotrigonabees (Apidae). The temporal pattern of bract motility observed inD.aff.bernierimay represent an extra-floral specialization to reduce visitation by non-pollinating visitors while maximizing visitation by diurnal buzz-pollinating bees.
Principes locaux-globaux pour certaines fibrations en torseurs sous un tore
Authors: SMEETS ARNE 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLetkbe a number field andTak-torus. Consider a family of torsors underT, i.e. a morphismf:X→ ℙ1kfrom a projective, smoothk-varietyXto ℙ1k, the generic fibreXη→ η of which is a smooth compactification of a principal homogeneous space underT⊗kη. We study the Brauer–Manin obstruction to the Hasse principle and to weak approximation forX, assuming Schinzel's hypothesis. We generalise Wei's recent results [21]. Our results are unconditional ifk=Qand all non-split fibres offare defined overQ. We also establish an unconditional analogue of our main result for zero-cycles of degree 1.
A cluster ofRickettsia rickettsiiinfection at an animal shelter in an urban area of Brazil
Authors: ROZENTAL T. , FERREIRA M. S. , GOMES R. , COSTA C. M. , BARBOSA P. R. A. , BEZERRA I. O. , GARCIA M. H. O. , OLIVEIRA E CRUZ D. M. , GALLIEZ R. , OLIVEIRA S. , BRASIL P. , REZENDE T. , DE LEMOS E. R. S. 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYRickettsia rickettsiiinfection is being increasingly recognized as an important cause of fatal acute illness in Brazil, where this tick-borne disease is designated Brazilian spotted fever (BSF). In this study we report five fatal cases of BSF in employees of an animal shelter in an urban area in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil after a natural disaster on 11 January 2011. Four of the cases occurred from 27 January to 11 April 2011, while the fifth fatal case was identified in April 2012. Three cases were confirmed by molecular analysis and two by epidemiological linkage. An investigation of BSF was performed in the animal shelter, and blood samples were collected from 115 employees and 117 randomly selected dogs. The presence of high levels (1024–4096) of antibodies against spotted fever group rickettsiae was found in three (2·6%) employees and 114 (97·5%) dogs. These findings emphasize the need to consider BSF as a possible cause of undifferentiated febrile illness, especially dengue and leptospirosis, in patients occupationally exposed to dogs heavily infested by ticks, mainly working at kennels and animal shelters that have inadequate space for the animals housed and frequently providing an environment conducive to exposure to pathogens such asR. rickettsii.
Psychosocial mediators of physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption in the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition programme
Authors: Baruth Meghan , Wilcox Sara 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivePerforming and publishing mediator analyses, whether significant or null, provides insight into where research efforts should focus and will assist in developing effective and powerful behaviour change interventions. The present study examined whether self-efficacy, social support and church support mediated changes in leisure-time physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption in a faith-based intervention.DesignA 15-month PA and F&V intervention, guided by the structural ecological model, targeted the social, cultural and policy influences within the church. Outcomes and mediators were measured at baseline and follow-up. Data were collected from 2007 to 2011. MacKinnon’s product of coefficients tested for mediation.SettingSixty-eight African Methodist Episcopal churches in South Carolina, USA.SubjectsFive hundred and eighty-two (PA) and 588 (F&V) church members.ResultsDespite the significant increases in PA and F&V consumption, none of the hypothesized mediators were significant mediators of change in PA or F&V consumption. When examining each path of the mediation model, the intervention did not change any of the hypothesized mediators. However, changes in some mediators were associated with changes in outcomes.ConclusionsAlthough there was no significant mediation, the association between changes in mediators and changes in PA and/or F&V consumption suggest that these variables likely play some role in changing these behaviours. Future studies should consider mediation analyses a priori, putting careful thought into the types of measures used and the timing of those measures, while also being cognizant of participant and staff burden. Finding a balance will be fundamental in successfully understanding how interventions exert their effects.