bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival rates of anterior composites in managing tooth wear: systematic review
Authors: Ahmed K. E. , Murbay S. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe use of composite restorations for patients with tooth wear is considered as a more conservative treatment option. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature investigating the survival rates of anterior composite restorations when used in managing tooth wear in patients. PubMed and MEDLINE (Ovid) databases were screened for studies from 1995 to 2015. Cross‐referencing was used to further identify articles. Article selection and data extraction were performed in duplication. Languages were restricted to English. A quality appraisal of included studies was carried out using the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy system. Six hundred and sixty‐six articles were initially identified from which eight articles were full‐text reviewed. Six articles involving five studies were selected for inclusion. Three studies were prospective and two retrospective. Included studies involved placement of 772 direct and indirect anterior composite restorations in 100 patients with follow‐up periods between 5 months and 10 years. The survival rates of anterior composites were >90% and 50% at 2·5 and 5 years, respectively. Posterior occlusion was re‐established in 91% of patients within 18 months. Meta‐analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of included studies. The systematic review's overall strength of recommendation was graded B. There is evidence to support the use of anterior composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion in the short/medium‐term management of tooth wear. Long‐term reporting of outcomes remains limited. Further research is needed with standardised study design, detailed reporting of outcomes and long‐term review.
A Whole School Approach: Collaborative Development of School Health Policies, Processes, and Practices
Authors: Hunt Pete , Barrios Lisa , Telljohann Susan K. , Mazyck Donna 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) model shows the interrelationship between health and learning and the potential for improving educational outcomes by improving health outcomes. However, current descriptions do not explain how to implement the model.METHODSThe existing literature, including scientific articles, programmatic guidance, and publications by national agencies and organizations, was reviewed and synthesized to describe an overview of interrelatedness of learning and health and the 10 components of the WSCC model.RESULTSThe literature suggests potential benefits of applying the WSCC model at the district and school level. But, the model lacks specific guidance as to how this might be made actionable. A collaborative approach to health and learning is suggested, including a 10‐step systematic process to help schools and districts develop an action plan for improving health and education outcomes. Essential preliminary actions are suggested to minimize the impact of the challenges that commonly derail systematic planning processes and program implementation, such as lack of readiness, personnel shortages, insufficient resources, and competing priorities.CONCLUSIONSAll new models require testing and evidence to confirm their value. District and schools will need to test this model and put plans into action to show that significant, substantial, and sustainable health and academic outcomes can be achieved.
The Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child Model: A New Approach for Improving Educational Attainment and Healthy Development for Students
Authors: Lewallen Theresa C. , Hunt Holly , Potts‐Datema William , Zaza Stephanie , Giles Wayne 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Whole Child approach and the coordinated school health (CSH) approach both address the physical and emotional needs of students. However, a unified approach acceptable to both the health and education communities is needed to assure that students are healthy and ready to learn.METHODSDuring spring 2013, the ASCD (formerly known as the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development) and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened experts from the field of education and health to discuss lessons learned from implementation of the CSH and Whole Child approaches and to explore the development of a new model that would incorporate the knowledge gained through implementation to date.RESULTSAs a result of multiple discussions and review, the Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child (WSCC) approach was developed. The WSCC approach builds upon the traditional CSH model and ASCD's Whole Child approach to learning and promotes greater alignment between health and educational outcomes.CONCLUSIONBy focusing on children and youth as students, addressing critical education and health outcomes, organizing collaborative actions and initiatives that support students, and strongly engaging community resources, the WSCC approach offers important opportunities that will improve educational attainment and healthy development for students.
Validation of an early childhood caries risk assessment tool in a low‐income Hispanic population
Authors: Custodio‐Lumsden Christie L. , Wolf Randi L. , Contento Isobel R. , Basch Charles E. , Zybert Patricia A. , Koch Pamela A. , Edelstein Burton L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThere is a recognized need for valid risk assessment tools for use by both dental and nondental personnel to identify young children at risk for, or with, precavitated stages of early childhood caries (i.e., early stage decalcifications or white spot lesions).The aim of this study is to establish concurrent criterion validity of “MySmileBuddy” (MSB), a novel technology‐assisted ECC risk assessment and behavioral intervention tool against four measures of ECC activity: semi‐quantitative assays of salivary mutans streptococci levels, visible quantity of dental plaque, visual evidence of enamel decalcifications, and cavitation status (none, ECC, severe ECC).MethodsOne hundred eight children 2‐6 years of age presenting to a pediatric dental clinic were recruited from a predominantly Spanish‐speaking, low‐income, urban population. All children received a comprehensive oral examination and saliva culture for assessment of ECC indicators. Their caregivers completed the iPad‐based MSB assessment in its entirety (15‐20 minutes). MSB calculated both diet and comprehensive ECC risk scores. Associations between all variables were determined using ordinal logistic regression.ResultsMSB diet risk scores were significantly positively associated with salivary mutans (P < 0.05), and approached significance with visible plaque levels (P < 0.1). MSB comprehensive risk scores were significantly associated with both oral mutans and visible plaque (P < 0.05). Neither was associated with visually evident decalcifications or cavitations.ConclusionsFindings suggest that MSB may have clinical utility as a valid risk assessment tool for identifying children with early precursors of cavitations but does not add value in identifying children with extant lesions.
Possible influence of AMPD1 on cholinergic neurotransmission and sleep
Authors: Buyse Bertien , Van Damme Philip , Belge Catharina , Testelmans Dries 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIt is known that adenosine excess due to monophosphate deaminase deficiency (AMPD1) can be linked to muscle problems. Recently, Perumal et al., 2014 reported a first case of possible impact of AMPD1 on sleep, REM sleep and cholinergic neurotransmission. We report a second patient with similar sleep complaints: long sleep duration with residual daytime sleepiness and a need to sleep after exercise. On polysomnography we observed a long sleep duration, with high sleep efficiency and a SOREMP; on MSLT a shortened sleep latency and 4 SOREMPS were observed. Frequency power spectral heart rate analysis during slow wave sleep, REM sleep and wakefulness revealed an increased parasympathetic tone. In conclusion, AMPD1 could have a profound influence on cholinergic neurotransmission and sleep; further studies are mandatory.
Pineal hypoplasia, reduced melatonin and sleep disturbance in patients with PAX6 haploinsufficiency
Authors: Hanish Alyson E. , Butman John A. , Thomas Francine , Yao Jianhua , Han Joan C. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn rodent studies, paired box 6 (PAX6) appears to play an important role in the development of the pineal, the primary source of the circadian regulating hormone, melatonin. Pineal hypoplasia has been previously reported in patients with PAX6 haploinsufficiency (+/−); however, pineal measurement, melatonin concentrations and sleep quality have not been reported. This cross‐sectional descriptive study examined pineal volume, melatonin secretion and sleep disturbance in 37 patients with PAX6+/− (age 15.3 ± 9.9 years) and 17 healthy controls (16.0 ± 7.2 years), within an inpatient setting at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Pineal volume was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Diurnal serum cortisol, serum melatonin and urine 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin concentrations were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire was administered for patients <13 years old. Pineal volume was fivefold lower in PAX6+/− versus controls (mean ± SD: 25 ± 15 versus 129 ± 50 μL, P < 0.001). Midnight serum cortisol was similar in PAX6+/− versus controls (P = 0.14). Midnight serum melatonin was > twofold lower in PAX6+/− versus controls [median (25th–75th): 28 (22–42) versus 71 (46–88) pg mL−1, P < 0.001]. First morning void urinary 6‐sulphatoxymelatonin was fourfold lower in PAX6+/− versus controls [11 (6–26) versus 45 (34–61) ng mg−1 Cr, P = 0.001]. Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire score was higher in PAX6+/− versus controls (48 ± 6 versus 41 ± 5, P = 0.03). The current findings suggest that PAX6+/− is associated with smaller pineal size, lower melatonin secretion and greater parental report of sleep disturbances in children. Further studies are needed to explore the potential use of melatonin replacement for improving sleep quality in patients with PAX6+/−.
Temperature and Time‐Dependent Relaxation of Compressed Cheese Curd Cubes: Effect on Structuring of Pasta‐Filata Cheese
Authors: Bähler Balz , Nägele Michaela , Weiss Jochen , Hinrichs Jörg 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProduction of pasta‐filata cheese comprises a particular scalding and stretching step to obtain the unique fibrous structure. A simulation of this process on small scale was conducted with cheese curd cubes of 10 × 10 × 10 mm. Stretching was initiated with a texture analyzer and a custom‐built geometry in a water bath at 60C. Three parameters were varied: compression rate, pretempering time before compression and duration of compression. The force decline during compression was linearized to receive time independent parameters k1 (y‐axis intercept), k2 (slope) and stress relaxation (SR). Further, relaxation time (RT) and Deborah number (De) were calculated. The RT decreased from 2 to 0.6 s with a temperature increase from 40 to 60C. The SR after 20 s of compression increased from 10 to 23% with increasing temperature due to network formation as shown by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Anisotropy increased with decreasing De.Practical ApplicationsWhen producing pasta‐filata cheese, time and temperature behavior of cheese curd has to be considered during plasticization to obtain the typical fibrous structure. Conclusions for the industry are: (1) plasticization needs time (preheating) as heat transfer in the curd is slow; (2) relaxation of the soft material limits anisotropic structuring; (3) with increasing temperatures relaxation time (RT) decreases, and the process time for stretching can be shortened; and (4) structural changes in the microgel particles during heating induce a continuous protein network with elastic properties which is typical for pasta‐filata cheese production. These results indicate that pasta‐filata cheese with less strings when manually teared, or less anisotropy when visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy can be modified by adapting the process parameters. Fibrous, anisotropic structure (stringiness) is claimed to be enhanced with increasing residence times and/or higher process temperatures during the stretching process.
The use of PCR-DGGE to determine bacterial fingerprints for poultry and red meat abattoir effluent
Authors: de Smidt O. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Strict legislation and chemical composition monitoring of effluent may be useful, but the data generated do not allow for source tracking, and enforcing legislation remains problematic in the South African setting. These difficulties emphasize the necessity for effluent source traceability. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene was considered as fingerprinting technique for effluent originating from abattoirs slaughtering different animal species. The influence of treatment to remove excess fat from effluent prior to molecular analyses and different PCR approaches on the detection of bacterial diversity were considered. Use of a treatment option to remove fat and a nested PCR approach resulted in up to 51% difference in inter-sample diversity similarity. A robust approach with no pre-treatment to remove PCR inhibitors, such as fat, and direct amplification from genomic DNA yielded optimal/maximal bacterial diversity fingerprints. Repeatable fingerprints were obtained for poultry abattoir effluent over a 4-month period, but profiles for the red meat abattoir varied with maximum similarity detected only 33·2%. Genetic material from faecal indicators Aeromona spp and Clostridium spp were detected. Genera unique to each effluent were present; Anoxybacillus, Patulibacter and Oleispira in poultry abattoir effluent and Porphyromonas and Peptostreptococcus in red meat abattoir effluent.

Significance and Impact of the Study
This study was the first to demonstrate the application of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to construct bacterial diversity fingerprints for high-throughput abattoir effluents. Proved redundancy of fat removal as PCR inhibitor and change in diversity similarity introduced by nested PCR approach. The importance of limiting excessive handling/processing which could lead to misrepresented diversity profiles was emphasized.
Motivation, Vision, and Gender: A Survey of Learners of English in China
Authors: You Chenjing (Julia) , Dörnyei Zoltán , Csizér Kata 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study reports on the second phase of a large‐scale stratified survey in China, examining the role of vision and imagery in the learners’ motivation to learn English as a foreign language. Understanding visualization has been a featured area of recent developments in second language (L2) motivation theory, and this study is the first to offer a broad overview of the extent to which the capacity of vision contributes to the overall motivational setup of a whole language learning community. Besides surveying several imagery‐related variables in an extensive sample of Chinese secondary school and university students (N > 10,000) by comparing male and female Chinese L2 learners’ (often different) motivational dispositions with and without any prior visualization experience, the study also explores the visionary trajectories of learners who reported positive and negative changes in their imagery capacity over time, thereby examining the impact of the change in vision on motivational development.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Novel genetic capacitors and potentiators for the natural genetic variation of sensory bristles and their trait specificity in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Takahashi Kazuo H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCryptic genetic variation (CGV) is defined as the genetic variation that has little effect on phenotypic variation under a normal condition, but contributes to heritable variation under environmental or genetic perturbations. Genetic buffering systems that suppress the expression of CGV and store it in a population are called genetic capacitors, and the opposite systems are called genetic potentiators. One of the best‐known candidates for a genetic capacitor and potentiator is the molecular chaperone protein, HSP90, and one of its characteristics is that it affects the genetic variation in various morphological traits. However, it remains unclear whether the wide‐ranging effects of HSP90 on a broad range of traits are a general feature of genetic capacitors and potentiators. In the current study, I searched for novel genetic capacitors and potentiators for quantitative bristle traits of Drosophila melanogaster and then investigated the trait specificity of their genetic buffering effect. Three bristle traits of D. melanogaster were used as the target traits, and the genomic regions with genetic buffering effects were screened using the 61 genomic deficiencies examined previously for genetic buffering effects in wing shape. As a result, four and six deficiencies with significant effects on increasing and decreasing the broad‐sense heritability of the bristle traits were identified, respectively. Of the 18 deficiencies with significant effects detected in the current study and/or by the previous study, 14 showed trait‐specific effects, and four affected the genetic buffering of both bristle traits and wing shape. This suggests that most genetic capacitors and potentiators exert trait‐specific effects, but that general capacitors and potentiators with effects on multiple traits also exist.
Impact of anaemia treatment for left ventricular remodelling prior to initiation of dialysis in chronic kidney disease patients: Efficacy and stability of long acting erythropoietin stimulating agents
Authors: Io Hiroaki , Aizawa Masashi , Funabiki Kazuhiko , Horikoshi Satoshi , Tomino Yasuhiko 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimAnaemia is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which may initiate or accelerate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH). The present study is a retrospective analysis to assess whether anaemia treatment is independently associated with LV remodelling prior to initiation of dialysis in CKD patients.MethodsBiochemical and physical values were collected over a period of more than 120 days prior to the initiation of dialysis in 27 patients with CKD. The left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was evaluated by echocardiography twice (at the baseline and the follow‐up at the initiation of the dialysis period).ResultsPatients using long‐acting erythropoietin stimulating agents (L‐ESA) had the tendency of maintaining higher levels of haemoglobin (Hb) than those using short‐acting ESA (S‐ESA). Patients using L‐ESA showed a more significant improvement in the erythropoietin resistance index (ERI) than those of using S‐ESA. In a multivariate regression analysis, the average Hb level for the observational period, the level of Hb at the initiation of dialysis and the use of L‐ESA were independently associated factors for the LVMI at the initiation of dialysis. A lower LVMI at the initiation of dialysis and an improvement of the LVMI during the observational period were detected in the highest tertile of average Hb (10.4 g/dL).ConclusionLong‐acting ESA was effective and stable when treating anaemia until the start of dialysis. It is important to treat anaemia for the prevention of LV remodelling in CKD patients. These findings have some therapeutic implications for treatment strategies for pre‐dialysis patients.
Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: Tehran lipid and glucose study
Authors: Yuzbashian Emad , Asghari Golaleh , Mirmiran Parvin , Zadeh‐Vakili Azita , Azizi Fereidoun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs), sugar sweetened carbonated soft drinks (SSSDs), and fruit juice drink consumption and risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a population based study.MethodAt baseline, 2382 participants, aged >27 years, of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study with complete data on serum creatinine, cardio‐metabolic risk factors, and diet were included for cross‐sectional analysis. After 3 years, 1690 subjects, free of baseline CKD and with complete follow‐up data, were included for longitudinal analysis. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation and CKD was defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Dietary intake was collected using a food‐frequency questionnaire and SSSDs and all kinds of fruit juice drinks were combined to estimate the intake of SSBs. To assess the association of SSBs and CKD, logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, energy intake, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, sodium, diabetes, and hypertension were used.ResultsThe mean age of participants and serving of SSBs/week were 45.0 years and 2.3, respectively. Compared to participants taking <0.5 serving/week, consumption of more than four servings of SSBs and SSSDs per week was associated with increased odds ratio (OR) of prevalent CKD (1.77 and 2.14, respectively). In longitudinal analyses, the risk of incident CKD increased by consumption of four servings/week, compared to less than 0.5 serving/week of SSBs (OR: 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI):1.23–3.15) and SSSDs (OR: 2.45; 95% CI:1.55–3.89).ConclusionConsumption of over four servings per week of SSBs and SSSDs was associated with higher prevalence and incidence of CKD.
Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I and amyloid beta protein in Alzheimer's disease: relationship with cognitive function
Authors: Kimoto Ayako , Kasanuki Koji , Kumagai Ryo , Shibata Nobuto , Ichimiya Yosuke , Arai Heii 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsPrevious studies have suggested that insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) deficiency may lead to cognitive deficits in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to investigate the possible relationship between cognitive function and concentration of IGF‐I or amyloid beta protein (Aβ) in serum in Alzheimer's patients.MethodsA total of 81 Japanese patients were enrolled in this study. Concentrations of IGF‐I, Aβ42, and Aβ40 in serum were measured. Two neuropsychological tests, Mini‐Mental State Examination and Hasegawa's Dementia Scale‐Revised (HDS‐R), were also performed. Linear correlations among the age, serum IGF‐I, serum Aβ42 or Aβ40, Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, Mini‐Mental State Examination or HDS‐R total score, and the scores for six HDS‐R subscales were analyzed by regression analysis.ResultsIGF‐I showed a significant negative correlation with age (β = −0.357, P = 0.002) and a positive correlation with Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (β = 0.318, P = 0.007). Serum IGF‐I and both the Mini‐Mental State Examination and the HDS‐R total score also correlated (β = 0.505, β = 0.524, P < 0.01). Among the HDS‐R subscales, ‘Recall’ (ρ = 0.379, P < 0.01), ‘Verbal fluency’ (ρ = 0.360, P < 0.01), and ‘Attention and calculation’ (ρ = 0.389, P < 0.01) showed significant positive correlations with serum IGF‐I.ConclusionThe results, specifically that lower serum IGF‐I was associated with cognitive impairment, suggest that metabolism of IGF‐I may be involved in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.