bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive, Fast, Solution‐Processed Ultraviolet Detectors Based on Passivated Zinc Oxide Nanorods
Authors: Rostami Ali , Dolatyari Mahboubeh , Amini Elham , Rasooli Hassan , Baghban Hamed , Miri Somayeh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSolution‐processed ultraviolet photodetectors based on passivated and unpassivated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods, in which the ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by a hydrothermal method, are demonstrated and characterized. Photoconductive photodetectors fabricated using simple solution processing have recently been shown to exhibit high gains and outstanding sensitivities. One ostensible disadvantage of exploiting photoconductive gain is that the temporal response is limited by the release of carriers from trap states. Herein, specific chemical species are introduced onto the surfaces of ZnO nanoparticles to produce desired trap states with a carefully selected lifetime. Compared with conventional photodetectors based on ZnO nanoparticles, the proposed UV photodetectors have much higher photoresponses and faster response times in the UV region. The photoconductive gain of the fabricated photodetectors varies from 26.83 to 2.32×102 for passivated samples, which indicates high gain. The best temporal response for the fabricated detectors is 34 ms rise time and 132 ms decay time for ZnO nanoparticles passivated by hexamethylenetetramine.
Conversion of (Ligno)Cellulose Feeds to Isosorbide with Heteropoly Acids and Ru on Carbon
Authors: Op de Beeck Beau , Geboers Jan , Van de Vyver Stijn , Van Lishout Jonas , Snelders Jeroen , Huijgen Wouter J. J. , Courtin Christophe M. , Jacobs Pierre A. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe catalytic valorization of cellulose is currently subject of intense research. Isosorbide is among the most interesting products that can be formed from cellulose as it is a potential platform molecule and can be used for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and polymers. A promising direct route from cellulose to isosorbide is presented in this work. The strategy relies on a one‐pot bifunctional catalytic concept, combining heteropoly acids, viz. H4SiW12O40, and redox catalysts, viz. commercial Ru on carbon, under H2 pressure. Starting from pure microcrystalline cellulose, a rapid conversion was observed, resulting in over 50 % isosorbide yield. The robustness of the developed system is evidenced by the conversion of a range of impure cellulose pulps obtained by organosolv fractionation, with isosorbide yields up to 63 %. Results were compared with other (ligno)cellulose feedstocks, highlighting the importance of fractionation and purification to increase reactivity and convertibility of the cellulose feedstock.
Course and predictors of maternal eating disorders in the postpartum period
Authors: Knoph Cecilie , Von Holle Ann , Zerwas Stephanie , Torgersen Leila , Tambs Kristian , Stoltenberg Camilla , Bulik Cynthia M , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate course and predictors of eating disorders in the postpartum period.Method:A total of 77,807 women, participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), completed questionnaires during pregnancy including items covering DSM‐IV criteria for prepregnancy anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS‐P), and binge eating disorder (BED). Additional questionnaires were completed at 18 and 36 months postpartum.Results:Proportions of women remitting at 18 months and 36 months postpartum were 50% and 59% for AN, 39% and 30% for BN, 46% and 57% for EDNOS‐P, and 45% and 42% for BED, respectively. However, disordered eating persisted in a substantial proportion of women meeting criteria for either full or subthreshold eating disorders. BN during pregnancy increased the risk for continuation of BN. BMI and psychological distress were significantly associated with course of BED.Discussion:This is the first large‐scale population‐based study on course of eating disorders in the postpartum period. The results indicated that disordered eating persists in a substantial proportion of women with prepregnancy eating disorders. Health care professionals working with women in this phase of life need to pay specific attention to eating disorder symptoms and behaviors. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013)
Diurnal patterns of gas‐exchange and metabolic pools in tundra plants during three phases of the arctic growing season
Authors: Patankar Rajit , Mortazavi Behzad , Oberbauer Steven F. , Starr Gregory 
Published: January 2013

AbstractArctic tundra plant communities are subject to a short growing season that is the primary period in which carbon is sequestered for growth and survival. This period is often characterized by 24‐h photoperiods for several months a year. To compensate for the short growing season tundra plants may extend their carbon uptake capacity on a diurnal basis, but whether this is true remains unknown. Here, we examined in situ diurnal patterns of physiological activity and foliar metabolites during the early, mid, and late growing season in seven arctic species under light‐saturated conditions. We found clear diurnal patterns in photosynthesis and respiration, with midday peaks and midnight lulls indicative of circadian regulation. Diurnal patterns in foliar metabolite concentrations were less distinct between the species and across seasons, suggesting that metabolic pools are likely governed by proximate external factors. This understanding of diurnal physiology will also enhance the parameterization of process‐based models, which will aid in better predicting future carbon dynamics for the tundra. This becomes even more critical considering the rapid changes that are occurring circumpolarly that are altering plant community structure, function, and ultimately regional and global carbon budgets.
Seasonal dimorphism in the horny bills of sparrows
Authors: Greenberg Russell , Etterson Matthew , Danner Raymond M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBill size is often viewed as a species‐specific adaptation for feeding, but it sometimes varies between sexes, suggesting that sexual selection or intersexual competition may also be important. Hypotheses to explain sexual dimorphism in avian bill size include divergence in feeding niche or thermoregulatory demands, intrasexual selection based on increased competition among males, or female preference. Birds also show seasonal changes in bill size due to shifts in the balance between growth rate and wear, which may be due to diet or endogenous rhythms in growth. Insight into the function of dimorphism can be gained using the novel approach of digital x‐ray imaging of museum skins to examine the degree to which the skeletal core or the rhamphotheca contribute to overall dimorphism. The rhamphotheca is ever‐growing and ever‐wearing, varying in size throughout life; whereas the skeletal core shows determinant growth. Because tidal marsh sparrows are more dimorphic in bill size than related taxa, we selected two marsh taxa to investigate dimorphism and seasonality in the size of the overall bill, the skeletal core, and the rhamphotheca. Bill size varied by sex and season, with males having larger bills than females, and bill size increasing from nonbreeding to breeding season more in males. Skeletal bill size varied with season, but not sex. The rhamphotheca varied primarily with sex; males had a larger rhamphotheca (corrected for skeletal bill size), which showed a greater seasonal increase than females. The rhamphotheca, rather than the skeletal bill, was responsible for sexual dimorphism in overall bill size, which was particularly well developed in the breeding season. The size of the rhamphotheca may be a condition‐based character that is shaped by sexual selection. These results are consistent with the evidence that bill size is influenced by sexual selection as well as trophic ecology.
Microstructure and Optical Properties of CoxZn1–xGa2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) Nanoparticles
Authors: Duan Xiulan , Yu Fapeng , Wu Yuanchun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCoxZn1–xGa2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol‐gel method and characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 71Ga solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The results show that the CoxZn1–xGa2O4 nanoparticles were successfully obtained when the annealing temperature was 500 °C or above. The crystallite size of the as‐prepared particles was 20–55 nm, and increased with increasing annealing temperature and decreasing x value. Zn2+ and Ga3+ ions were located in both the tetrahedral and octahedral sites in CoxZn1–xGa2O4 nanoparticles, and the inversion parameter (two times the fraction of Ga3+ ions in tetrahedral sites) decreased with increasing annealing temperature and increased with cobalt enrichment. The absorption spectra indicate that Co2+ ions are located in the tetrahedral sites as well as in the octahedral sites in the nanoparticles. The fraction of octahedral Co2+ ions decreased with increasing annealing temperature.
Synthesis of Racemic δ,δ‐Dimethylproline Derivatives
Authors: Rodríguez Isabel , Calaza M. Isabel , Cativiela Carlos 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA versatile methodology for the preparation of racemic δ,δ‐dimethylproline derivatives has been developed. Methyl N‐Boc‐δ,δ‐dimethylprolinate was synthesized from a β‐amino acid in six steps and 55 % overall yield. The route is amenable to the preparation of a broad range of δ,δ‐disubstituted prolines by starting with the adequate β‐amino acids. In addition, one of the intermediate compounds in the synthetic route has been used for the preparation of a δ,δ‐dimethylproline derivative that is substituted at the β‐position with a phenyl group. This has been achieved by coupling phenylboronic acid with a regioselectively generated vinyl triflate followed by a stereoselective hydrogenation.
TSC22D4 is a molecular output of hepatic wasting metabolism
Authors: Jones Allan , Friedrich Kilian , Rohm Maria , Schäfer Michaela , Algire Carolyn , Kulozik Philipp , Seibert Oksana , Müller‐Decker Karin , Sijmonsma Tjeerd , Strzoda Daniela , Sticht Carsten , Gretz Norbert , Dallinga‐Thie Geesje M. , Leuchs Barbara , Kögl Manfred , Stremmel Wolfgang , Diaz Mauricio Berriel , Herzig Stephan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn mammals, proper storage and distribution of lipids in and between tissues is essential for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Here, we show that tumour growth triggers hepatic metabolic dysfunction as part of the cancer cachectic phenotype, particularly by reduced hepatic very‐low‐density‐lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion and hypobetalipoproteinemia. As a molecular cachexia output pathway, hepatic levels of the transcription factor transforming growth factor beta 1‐stimulated clone (TSC) 22 D4 were increased in cancer cachexia. Mimicking high cachectic levels of TSC22D4 in healthy livers led to the inhibition of hepatic VLDL release and lipogenic genes, and diminished systemic VLDL levels under both normal and high fat dietary conditions. Liver‐specific ablation of TSC22D4 triggered hypertriglyceridemia through the induction of hepatic VLDL secretion. Furthermore, hepatic TSC22D4 expression levels were correlated with the degree of body weight loss and VLDL hypo‐secretion in cancer cachexia, and TSC22D4 deficiency rescued tumour cell‐induced metabolic dysfunction in hepatocytes. Therefore, hepatic TSC22D4 activity may represent a molecular rationale for peripheral energy deprivation in subjects with metabolic wasting diseases, including cancer cachexia.
On the minimum latency transmission scheduling in wireless networks with power control under SINR constraints
Authors: Charalambous T. , Klerides E. , Wiesemann W. , Vassiliou A. , Hadjitheophanous S. , Deliparaschos K. M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn order to alleviate interference and contention in a wireless network, we may exploit the existence of multiple orthogonal channels or time slots, thus achieving a substantial improvement in performance. In this paper, we study a joint transmission scheduling and power control problem that arises in wireless networks. The goal is to assign channels (or time slots) and transmitting powers to communication links such that all communication requests are processed correctly, specified quality‐of‐service requirements are met, and the number of required time slots is minimised. First, we formulate the problem as a mixed‐integer linear programming. Then, we show that the problem considered is non‐deterministic polynomial‐time hard, and subsequently, we propose non‐trivial bounding techniques to solve it. Optimisation methods are also discussed, including a column generation approach, specifically designed to find bounds for the transmission scheduling problem. Moreover, we develop optimisation techniques in which the bounding techniques are integrated in order to derive the optimal solution to the problem faster. We close with an extensive computational study, which shows that despite the complexity of the problem, the proposed methodology scales to problems of non‐trivial size. Our algorithms can therefore be used for static wireless networks where propagation conditions are almost constant and a centralised agent is available (e.g. cellular networks where the base station can act as a centralised agent or wireless mesh networks), and they can also serve as a benchmark for the performance evaluation of heuristic, approximation or distributed algorithms that aim to find near‐optimal solutions without information about the whole network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aufbruch zwischen Zeitkritik und Zensur
Authors: Effinger Maria 
Published: January 2013

AbstractKunst‐ und Satirezeitschriften erlebten um 1900 einen Boom. Ihre Programmatik und Ästhetik setzten Maßstäbe für die Kunst und Literatur des Jugendstils. Ein Digitalisierungsprojekt in Heidelberg macht nun eine einzigartige Zeitschriftensammlung online zugänglich.
Schützende Decke in Gefahr
Authors: Kaleschke Lars , Kutzbach Lars 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAuf dem arktischen Ozean schwimmt eine dünne Eisschicht, die die Wärme im Wasser hält. Meeres‐ und Atmosphärenforscher, Geochemiker und Bodenwissenschaftler fragen auch hier nach den Folgen des Klimawandels. Ihr Szenario: Schmilzt das Eis, könnten sich auch die Permafrostböden Sibiriens und Alaskas erwärmen — und zusätzliche Treibhausgase freisetzen.
Acute toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles to the rat olfactory system after intranasal instillation
Authors: Gao Lifeng , Yang Sheng‐Tao , Li Shaorui , Meng Yuguang , Wang Haifang , Lei Hao 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWith the increased applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), the toxicity of ZnO NPs arouses great concerns from the nano community and the general public. In this study, we report the toxicity of ZnO NPs (30 nm) to the rat olfactory system after intranasal instillation revealed by non‐invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI scans were performed on a 4.7‐T scanner at 1, 2, 3 and 7 days post‐exposure, and the histological changes of the rat olfactory epithelium were evaluated. The influences of chemical component and dispersant of the NPs were also investigated. In addition, an olfactory behavior test was performed. The MRI and histological results indicated that ZnO NPs induced significant damages to the olfactory epithelium, including disruption of the olfactory epithelial structures and inflammation. The destruction of mitochondria in epithelial cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), suggesting that the possible toxicological mechanism might involve cellular energy metabolic dysfunction. Further, the lesion of the olfactory epithelium disturbed sniffing behaviors of the treated animals. The results suggest that MRI is potentially useful as a screening tool to assess the consequence of occupational exposure of ZnO NPs. Caution should therefore be taken during the use and disposal of ZnO NPs to prevent the unintended public health impacts. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between Gene Polymorphism of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Prostate Cancer Risk
Authors: Eken Ayşe , Erdem Onur , Arsova‐Sarafinovska Zorica , Akay Cemal , Sayal Ahmet , Matevska Nadica , Suturkova Ljubica , Erten Koray , Özgök Yaşar , Dimovski Aleksandar , Aydin Ahmet 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTManganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the most effective antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria and protects cells from reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MnSOD Ala‐9Val gene polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Turkish men with prostate cancer. 33 patients with PCa and 81 control individuals were included in the study. We observed an association between MnSOD Ala/Ala frequency and a higher PCa risk. In addition, we found that the increased risk of early‐onset PCa (under age of 65) in the men homozygous for Ala allele was higher than the men homozygous for Val allele. However, we determined that MnSOD Ala‐9Val genotype was not associated with the aggressiveness of the disease. The results of our study suggest that MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may influence on early‐onset of PCa patients, but no effect on subsequent development of the disease in Turkish men. However, our study has a limitation that is small numbers of individuals for cases and controls. Therefore, the presented study limited our statistical power to fully investigate the gene polymorphism on cancer risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:213‐218, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21472
Effect of Temperature on Gametogenesis and Gamete Quality in Brown Trout, Salmo trutta
Authors: LAHNSTEINER FRANZ , LEITNER STEPHANIE 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDuring the prespawning and spawning season experimental groups of +2 year male and female brown trout, Salmo trutta, were kept under natural photoperiod and at three temperature regimes, a naturally fluctuating one with an average temperature of 7.4 ± 4.6°C as typical for alpine and prealpine river systems (T1), a naturally fluctuating one elevated for circa 5°C to 12.4 ± 5.3°C (T2), and a constant one of 9.6 ± 0.8°C (T3). The effect of the three temperature regimes on the timing of spermiation and ovulation, on the maturation rate of males and females and on physiological and biochemical parameters of spermatozoa and oocytes were investigated. T1 was the optimal one for maturation of males and females. Under these conditions >70% of males produced semen of high quality (defined by a volume >3.5 mL, a motility rate >65%, a swimming velocity >135 µm/sec, and a fertility >65%) for a period of 4 weeks. Females ovulated synchronously and the oocytes were of high quality, too (fertility >80%). In T2 the peak in the percentage of mature males was delayed and shortened, the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA damages increased, and peroxidase and lysozyme activity decreased which are indicative for a decrease in semen quality. In females the time point of ovulation was delayed, the fertility of oocytes was reduced, and their phospholipid and free fatty acids levels were decreased. In T3 maturation of fish was not synchronized. However, no negative effect on gamete quality was observed. J. Exp. Zool. 319A:138–148, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Roll‐to‐roll UV embossing process applied for light bar‐based sub‐wavelength gratings for backlight
Authors: Liu Chun‐Wei , Lee Chi‐Hung , Lin Shih‐Chieh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study proposes a roll‐to‐roll process‐based sub‐wavelength grating, which is attached on a light bar to turn the side‐lit red/green/blue (620, 520, and 450 nm) incident rays into a uniformly and normally output white light with high illuminance from the light bar's surface. On the basis of the rigorous coupling wave analysis, the relationship between the first‐order transmission/reflection efficiency and the pitch of the gratings with different shapes was analyzed. The optimal design can effectively reduce the coupling length and enhance the white color balance for display applications.
Nanowire plasmonic waveguides, circuits and devices
Authors: Guo Xin , Ma Yaoguang , Wang Yipei , Tong Limin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs typical one‐dimensional nanostructures for waveguiding tightly confined optical fields beyond the diffraction limit, metal nanowires have been used as versatile nanoscale building blocks for functional plasmonic and photonic structures and devices. Metal nanowires, especially those fabricated by bottom‐up synthesis such as Ag and Au nanowires, usually exhibit excellent diameter uniformity and surface smoothness with diameters down to tens of nanometers, which offers great opportunities for plasmonic waveguiding of optical fields with deep‐subwavelength confinement, coherence maintenance and low scattering losses. Based on nanowire plasmonic waveguides, a variety of applications ranging from plasmonic couplers, interferometers, resonators to photon emitters have been reported in recent years. In this article, significant progresses in these nanowire plasmonic waveguides, circuits and devices are reviewed. Future outlook and challenges are also discussed.
An Anti‐angiogenic Reverse Thermal Gel as a Drug‐Delivery System for Age‐Related Wet Macular Degeneration
Authors: Park Daewon , Shah Veeral , Rauck Britta M. , Friberg Thomas R. , Wang Yadong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractReverse thermal gels have numerous biomedical implications, as they undergo physical gelation upon temperature increases and can incorporate biomolecules to promote tissue repair. Such a material is developed for the sustained release of bevacizumab (Avastin), a drug used to treat age‐related macular degeneration. The polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(serinol hexamethylene urethane) (ESHU), forms a physical gel when heated to 37 °C and shows good cytocompatibility with ocular cells. ESHU is capable of sustaining bevacizumab release over 17 weeks in vitro, and the release kinetics can be altered by changing the drug dose and the ESHU concentration. These results suggest that ESHU is biologically safe, and suitable for ocular drug delivery. magnified image
Influence of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Trapped at the Interface of an Immiscible Polymer Blend on Interfacial Tension
Authors: Tao Fangfang , Auhl Dietmar , Baudouin Anne‐Christine , Stadler Florian J. , Bailly Christian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe influence on interfacial energy of multiwall unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) trapped at the interface of an immiscible blend of polyamide 12 (PA12) and acrylate‐ethylene (EA) copolymer is investigated with the help of the Palierne model combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. It is found that the interfacial energy is unaffected by the interfacially trapped CNTs. The reduced droplet size observed in the presence of CNTs can neither be ascribed to a classical compatibilizer effect due to lower interfacial energy leading to enhanced breakup during processing, nor to the minute changes of the continuous phase viscosity induced by the CNTs. Another explanation based on steric hindrance is proposed. A network CNT layer that acts as a rigid shell is formed, which prevents coalescence of colliding droplets.