bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth, Female Size, and Sex Ratio Variability in American Eel of Different Origins in Both Controlled Conditions and the Wild: Implications for Stocking Programs
Authors: Côté Caroline L. , Pavey Scott A. , Stacey Joshua A. , Pratt Thomas C. , Castonguay Martin , Audet Céline , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFreshwater eels Anguilla spp. are declining worldwide, and a major challenge is understanding why these panmictic species show contrasting patterns of intraspecific phenotypic variation and recruitment. We present results on studies of the American Eel A. rostrata to understand and discriminate the effects of origin and plasticity on growth and sex determination. We considered two separate growth and one length‐at‐age data sets. The first growth data set originated from a 34‐month rearing experiment starting from the glass eel life stage to test the effects of origin, salinity, and density on growth and sex determination. The second growth data set originated from a shorter rearing experiment of 18 months starting at the yellow eel stage (around 3 years old) and compared transplanted individuals in Lake Ontario (LO) with natural migrants to the LO area. The third data set compared transplanted individuals in LO sampled by electrofishing with naturally migrating individuals. Sex ratios were identical for all origins and treatments in the long‐term growth experiment (34–35% females). While male size distribution had little variability, certain female groups had a large variation in growth and presented fast‐ and slow‐growing clusters. On the other hand, both cases of natural migrants to the LO area were consistent with being only slow‐growing females. We found that wild individuals rearing in the LO area were nearly exclusively transplanted individuals and that males, as well as fast‐growing females, were present. Even though the entire species is panmictic, these results support a role for spatially varying selection in explaining the phenotypic variation observed among regions and among individuals of the same region, and such factors must be considered for any successful management strategies of American Eel.Received December 17, 2013; accepted September 29, 2014
Convergence of nonlinear semigroups under nonpositive curvature
Authors: Bačák Miroslav 
Published: February 2015

The present paper is devoted to gradient flow semigroups of convex functionals on Hadamard spaces. We show that the Mosco convergence of a sequence of convex lsc functions implies the convergence of the corresponding resolvents and the convergence of the gradient flow semigroups. This extends the classical results of Attouch, Brezis and Pazy into spaces with no linear structure. The same method can be further used to show the convergence of semigroups on a sequence of spaces, which solves a problem of Kuwae and Shioya [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 360, no. 1, 2008].
Formation of C2 and CN in nova V2676 Oph around its visual brightness maximum
Authors: Kawakita Hideyo , Fujii Mitsugu , Nagashima Masayoshi , Kajikawa Tomoyo , Kubo Natsuki , Arai Akira 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The slow nova V2676 Oph was unique in that both C2 and CN molecules were observed during its early phase around the visual brightness maximum. The absorption bands of these molecules were detected using spectroscopic techniques and disappeared within several days. The formation of CO was followed by dust formation, which was confirmed via observations in the latter phase of the nova. The formation of molecules is critically important in understanding the origin of dust grains in novae; however, the formation mechanism of C2 and CN molecules in the early phase of novae remain unclear. Here we report optical spectroscopic observations of the dust-forming nova V2676 Oph in the early phase, and we use these data in addition to spectroscopic observations reported previously to discuss the origin of diatomic molecules in the nova. We conclude that C2 and CN molecules formed in the nova outflow when the outer gas envelope cooled sufficiently and that they survived for more than 2 days but less than 7 days in the nova outflow.
Predictors of Clinically Significant Postoperative Events after Open Craniosynostosis Surgery
Authors: Goobie Susan M. , Zurakowski David , Proctor Mark R. , Meara John G. , Meier Petra M. , Young Vanessa J. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAbstract
Children undergoing craniosynostosis surgery are at increased risk for clinically significant postoperative events requiring intensive care unit admission if they are less than 10 kg body weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, require intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60 ml/kg of packed erythrocytes, receive hemostatic blood products, or if they develop a significant intraoperative complication.
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Background:
Craniosynostosis surgery is associated with clinically significant postoperative events requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The authors investigate specific variables, which might influence the risk for these events, and thereby make recommendations regarding the need for postoperative ICU admission.

Methods:
A retrospective review of 225 children undergoing open craniosynostosis repair at a single center during a 10-yr period is reported. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of predefined clinically relevant postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU admission.

Results:
The incidences of postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU care were 14.7% (95% CI, 10.5 to 20.1%) and 29.7% (95% CI, 24.0 to 36.3%), respectively. Independent predictors of cardiorespiratory events were body weight less than 10 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60 ml/kg packed erythrocytes, and the occurrence of an intraoperative complication. The independent predictors of hematological events were body weight less than 10 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60 ml/kg packed erythrocytes, transfusion of hemostatic products (fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, and/or cryoprecipitate), and tranexamic acid not administered.

Conclusions:
Children undergoing craniosynostosis surgery are at increased risk for clinically significant postoperative events requiring ICU admission if they are less than 10 kg body weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, require intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60 ml/kg of packed erythrocytes, receive hemostatic blood products, or if they develop a significant intraoperative complication. Tranexamic acid administration was associated with fewer postoperative events. A predictive clinical algorithm for pediatric patients having major craniosynostosis surgery was developed and validated to risk stratify these patients.
Peptide sequencing in an electrolytic cell with two nanopores in tandem and exopeptidase
Authors: Sampath G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA nanopore-based approach to peptide sequencing without labels or immobilization is considered. It is based on a tandem cell (RSC Adv.,2015,5, 167-171) with the structure [cis1, upstream pore (UNP),trans1/cis2, downstream pore (DNP),trans2]. An amino or carboxyl exopeptidase attached to the downstream side of UNP cleaves successive leading residues in a peptide threading fromcis1 through UNP. A cleaved residue translocates to and through DNP where it is identified. A Fokker-Planck model is used to compute translocation statistics for each amino acid type. Multiple discriminators, including a variant of the current blockade level and translocation times throughtrans1/cis2 and DNP, identify a residue. Calculations show the 20 amino acids to be grouped by charge (+, −, neutral) and ordered within each group (which makes error correction easier). The minimum cleaving interval required of the exopeptidase, the sample size (number of copies of the peptide to sequence or runs with one copy) to identify a residue with a given confidence level, and confidence levels for a given sample size are calculated. The results suggest that if the exopeptidase cleaves each and every residue and does so in a reasonable time, peptide sequencing with acceptable (and correctable) errors may be feasible. If validated experimentally the proposed device could be an alternative to mass spectrometry and gel electrophoresis. Implementation-related issues are discussed.
Public policy makers
Authors: Sraha Gloria 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Although there is great deal of research on export assistance programmes in developed countries, studies on developing countries in Africa has received scant attention in the literature. Lack of detailed information in many developing African countries makes it difficult to assess the effect of export promotion programmes (EPPs) on the firm’s export performance in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to explore entrepreneurial development in the value-added export sector of Ghana and screen EPPs provided by public policy makers to examine the impact of these programmes on export performance of Ghanaian firms in foreign markets.

Design/methodology/approach
– A conceptual/exploratory paper is developed with discussion.

Findings
– The paper suggests that the ability of exporters to enhance their performance is driven by the usage of outside market access, export development/training and information related export assistance programmes offered by public policy makers. Utilisation of EPPs builds experiential knowledge which serves as a source of competitive advantage for exporters to implement effective marketing mix strategies to enhance performance.

Practical implications
– The study underscores the specific EPPs export managers can utilise to enhance performance and improve their international marketing strategy in foreign markets. Public policy makers need to work together with exporters to incorporate and develop programmes to suit the idiosyncrasies of foreign markets and boost the growth of value-added exports.

Originality/value
– The study explores past literature to screen and evaluate the effect of EPPs and entrepreneurial development to boost export growth in Ghana – Sub-Sahara Africa.
Technological learning mechanisms in Nigeria’s technology incubation centre
Authors: Adelowo Caleb Muyiwa , Ilori Matthew Olugbenga , Siyanbola Willie Owolabi , Oluwale Billy A 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The ability of tenant firms to survive after incubation is dependent on the relevant capabilities they acquired during the incubation process. Several studies have established the critical roles of incubation in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation at local, national and regional levels but the processes and mechanisms of technological learning and the capability building of the tenants has received much less attention. In response to the situation, the purpose of this paper is to assess various technological learning mechanisms through which tenant firms in the incubation system in Nigeria acquired the relevant capabilities (both technological and non-technological) that will sustain them after graduation.

Design/methodology/approach
– The information was gathered through a preliminary survey and questionnaires were administered to elicit information from the tenant firms and the incubator managers. Data collected were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics.

Findings
– The internal learning mechanisms of the tenant firms were found to be fair as firms possessed good internal capabilities that helped to absorb and adapt foreign technologies to suit their individual production needs and this was demonstrated by the quality of personnel employed by the tenant firms. The study revealed poor interaction between the tenants and knowledge institutions and training programmes and facilities also played significant roles in technological capability acquisition of tenants firms. The main factors that ranked highly and influenced technological learning among the firms included the need for product improvement, the need to increase production, turnover and profit, the need to reduce production costs and compete well after graduation, while the need to enter foreign market and commercialise technology ranked average with regards to success in technological learning.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of the study may not be generalised because of limited sample.

Practical implications
– The study concluded that the technological learning capabilities of the firms could be better enhanced with adequate training and training facilities, robust linkages with knowledge centres and compliance with incubation regulations.

Originality/value
– This study provided information on various technological learning mechanisms through which tenant firms in the incubation system in Nigeria acquire relevant capabilities (technological and non-technological) that sustain them after graduation. The study also contributed to the growing literature on incubation system and entrepreneurship.
Young consumers’ insights on brand equity
Authors: Sasmita Jumiati , Mohd Suki Norazah 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image on brand equity among young consumers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data from 200 young consumers were analysed using descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analysis via the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer programme version 21.

Findings
– Empirical results via multiple regressions authenticated that brand awareness predominantly affects brand equity among young consumers. These young consumers get input and awareness of the particular product or brand from the social media. They can clearly recognize the particular product or brand in comparison to competing products or brands and know how it looks and its characteristics from the social media.

Research limitations/implications
– Respondents were randomly drawn from the population of the full time students in a public university in Malaysia. Consequently, they may not represent the entire population of Malaysia.

Practical implications
– Input regarding the effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand awareness, and brand image on brand equity among young consumers would help marketers and practitioners to formulate strategies to enhance their brand equity in order to obtain competitive advantage and business sustainability, particularly among young consumer markets.

Originality/value
– Empirical findings offer academic contributions to the existing body of knowledge of consumer behaviour as the sophisticated quantitative data analyses used will eventually allow future researchers to explicate the contribution of the current study to understand the importance of brand equity among young consumers in Malaysia.
Retail evolution model in emerging markets: apparel store formats in Brazil
Authors: Miotto Ana Paula , Parente Juracy Gomes 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a taxonomy to describe and synthesize the retail strategies and store formats in the fast-changing modernization context of emerging markets. It identifies how these different formats are related to the existing literature about retail evolution. The paper proposes analogies between the empirical findings and the Big Middle Theory model developed by Levyet al. (2005).Design/methodology/approach– Structured observations and personal interviews were conducted with managers/owners of 108 apparel stores located in three unplanned shopping districts in São Paulo, Brazil. Cluster analysis was used to derive the store formats.Findings– The results identify four store formats – old fashioned, price focused, specialized, and consolidated – reflecting diverse marketing strategies and different stages in the retailing modernization cycle. There is a striking resemblance between these empirically derived formats and the four types of retail segments (Big Middle, Low price, Innovative, and in Trouble) proposed by the Big Middle model.Research limitations/implications– There are limitations due to the exploratory nature of the research: the specific context (São Paulo, apparel retail sector) where the empirical data was collected restricts the generalization of the results to other situations; lack of precision in the appraisal of the variables might limit the research replicability. Nevertheless, this research contributes to expanding the scarce knowledge about the retailing phenomenon in emerging markets. An extension of the Big Middle model is suggested to depict the existing retail formats in emerging markets, offering therefore a theoretical contribution to the retail literature.Practical implications– The study provides retailers with a framework against which to map their format, competitive strategy, and stages of the modernization cycle, enabling them to better adjust the configuration of their marketing mix variables. It also offers a classification scheme of stores formats which will help to describe the apparel retailing industry in emerging markets.Social implications– Public policies are suggested to technically assist the modernization process and survival of more vulnerable retail formats.Originality/value– Considering the fast-growing economic importance of the new “low-middle class” of emerging markets, and also the relevance of apparel retailing, this research is relevant and unique because it helps to bridge a gap in the limited literature and knowledge in this area.
Mnemonics in the Mouseion
Authors: Olesen-Bagneux Ole 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– Mnemonics was a tool in classification and information seeking processes in pre-print libraries. The purpose of this paper is to study the role of spatial mnemonics in Hellenistic libraries, including the one in Alexandria.Design/methodology/approach– Since library- and information science has not explored this subject in depth, philology, rhetoric, book-history and archeology constitute the core literature. From this literature, the role of mnemonics in the libraries is discussed.Findings– A new description of the practice of classification and retrieval in Hellenistic libraries, based on spatial mnemonics.Originality/value– This paper is a new analysis of spatial mnemonics in the Hellenistic libraries. As will become clear, they blend easily and logically with each other.
Interpretative phenomenological analysis for LIS research
Authors: VanScoy Amy , Evenstad Solveig Beyza 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and evaluation of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) for the library and information science (LIS) community, as this method has only recently been used for exploring experiences of various phenomena related to LIS.

Design/methodology/approach
– IPA is discussed within the phenomenological tradition. Two examples of recent IPA studies are examined in parallel to show application of the IPA method. Issues and challenges of applying IPA to LIS research questions are discussed.

Findings
– IPA is an alternative phenomenological method, adding to the repertoire of qualitative methods used for LIS research. It was an effective method for exploring experience among information professionals: it was equally suitable for studying reference and information service work for academic library professionals and burnout experience for information and communication technology workers.

Originality/value
– Only a few LIS studies have used IPA and no discussion or evaluation of the method has been published for this field. This paper provides a discussion of the method for LIS researchers interested in this emerging phenomenological method.
Taking the long view of medical records preservation and archives
Authors: Dong Lorraine 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an argument for taking the long view of the retention and preservation of inactive medical records.Design/methodology/approach– Using the theoretical framework of Actor-Network Theory, the author examines medical records, and especially mental health records, as actants that participate in the classification and treatment of patients, and in the development of psychiatry and mental hospitals as social institutions.Findings– The varied and profound roles of medical records demonstrate the ability for records to have multiple “lives” that can touch many individuals beyond a single human lifetime.Practical implications– As the current and future custodians of historical medical record collections, information professionals are in a position to be greater advocates for the increased preservation of and mindful access to these materials.Social implications– Medical records have potential to be cultural heritage documents, especially for emergent communities.Originality/value– This paper articulates the ways in which medical records are an embedded part of many societies, and affect the ways in which illness is defined and treated. It thus suggests that while laws regarding the retention and destruction of and access to medical records continue to be deliberated upon around the world, such records can have enduring value as information artifacts.
Can coase govern the Green Bay Packers?
Authors: Chen Jia-Yuh , Khadka Manish 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The agency problem inherent in governing public corporations predicts a management not acting in shareholders’ best interest. The purpose of this paper is to use the Green Bay Packers’ unique ownership structure as a case study to show that a disperse shareholder base does not necessarily lead to failures in corporate governance.Design/methodology/approach– The Packers have been run by a great management team since 1992. The authors argue that the new management has become the de facto owners of the Packers organization and dealt away the agency costs as a result. This argument is in line with the Coase Theorem.Findings– The ownership of the Packers is a property. As would be argued with the Coase Theorem, if the property right is well defined, who controls the property, under certain circumstances, is irrelevant in regard of maximizing ownership value.Research limitations/implications– With only one sample point, the authors, however, cannot rule out the randomness of the Packers’ stellar performance and also the possibility that the new management acts in the best interest of Packers shareholders because they have well-designed employment contracts.Originality/value– Nevertheless, the findings offer a new perspective to the corporate governance literature.
Corporate environmental claims: a game theory model with empirical results
Authors: Amato Louis H. , Zillante Arthur , Amato Christie H 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examines whether firms’ eco-friendly advertising claims are supported by environmentally friendly behavior.Design/methodology/approach– The paper develops a game theory model to determine the circumstances under which firms’ environmental claims will be supported by the adoption of best environmental practice. Least squares regression is used to test major theoretical implications.Findings– The theoretical model suggests that the credence good nature of un-monitored environmental claims prohibits consumer validation; firms have an incentive to advertise green but no incentive to adopt best environmental practice. Third-party monitoring transforms the game, making eco-friendly outcomes possible. Empirical models based on North American data suggest that firm profit rates are related to verifiable environmental claims and to easily accessible external ratings of environmental performance.Originality/value– Unlike previous game theoretical models for similar goods, the eco-friendly outcome does not require a repeated game. The importance of the single period game is that continued patronage is not required for the firm to produce goods containing the desired attributes.