bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron intake, haemoglobin and risk of gestational diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Helin Annika , Kinnunen Tarja Inkeri , Raitanen Jani , Ahonen Suvi , Virtanen Suvi M , Luoto Riitta 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible association between total daily iron intake during pregnancy, haemoglobin in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women at increased risk of GDM.DesignA prospective cohort study (based on a cluster-randomised controlled trial, where the intervention and the usual care groups were combined).SettingPrimary healthcare maternity clinics in 14 municipalities in south-western Finland.Participants399 Pregnant women who were at increased risk of GDM participated in a GDM prevention trial and were followed throughout pregnancy.Main outcome measurementsThe main outcome was GDM diagnosed with oral glucose tolerance test at 26–28 weeks’ gestation or based on a diagnosis recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth registry. Data on iron intake was collected using a 181-item food frequency questionnaire and separate questions for supplement use at 26–28 weeks’ gestation.ResultsGDM was diagnosed in 72 women (18.1%) in the study population. The OR for total iron intake as a continuous variable was 1.006 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.011; p=0.038) after adjustment for body mass index, age, diabetes in first-degree or second-degree relatives, GDM or macrosomia in earlier pregnancy, total energy intake, dietary fibre, saturated fatty acids and total gestational weight gain. Women in the highest fifth of total daily iron intake had an adjusted OR of 1.66 (95% CI 0.84 to 3.30; p=0.15) for GDM. After excluding participants with low haemoglobin levels (≤120 g/l) already in early pregnancy the adjusted OR was 2.35 (95% CI 1.13 to 4.92; p=0.023).ConclusionsOur results suggest that high iron intake during pregnancy increases the risk of GDM especially in women who are not anaemic in early pregnancy and who are at increased risk of GDM. These findings suggest that routine iron supplementation should be reconsidered in this risk group of women.
Breast Cancer Incidence After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers
Authors: Fakkert Ingrid E. , Mourits Marian J.E. , Jansen Liesbeth , van der Kolk Dorina M. , Meijer Kees , Oosterwijk Jan C. , van der Vegt Bert , Greuter Marcel J.W. , de Bock Geertruida H. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Premenopausal risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers effectively reduces ovarian cancer risk, but also reduces breast cancer risk. Breast cancer risk reductions up to 50% have been reported for both BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, but recent prospective studies were not able to reproduce this finding for BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Breast cancer incidence after RRSO was assessed in a consecutive series of 104 BRCA1 and 58 BRCA2 mutation carriers. On the basis of data from our own centre, and assuming a 50% risk reduction through RRSO at premenopausal age, we expected to find 8 breast cancers (range 6–10) in this population for the reported screening period (532 women-years).
In 162 carriers with a median age of 41 years at RRSO, 13 incident breast cancers were diagnosed. In BRCA1 mutation carriers, 12 incident breast cancers were found compared with 5 (range 3–6) expected and in BRCA2 mutation carriers 1 breast cancer was found compared with 3 (range 2–5) expected.
Breast cancer incidence after premenopausal RRSO is still high, especially in BRCA1 mutation carriers. Previously reported breast cancer risk reductions up to 50% were not confirmed. As a consequence, continued intensive screening for breast cancer is warranted in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers after RRSO. Cancer Prev Res; 5(11); 1291–7. ©2012 AACR.
A Transition Mechanism for the Spontaneous Axisymmetric Intensification of Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Takemi Tetsuya 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A mechanism for the transition of tropical cyclones (TCs) to the spontaneous rapid intensification (RI) phase is proposed based on numerical results of a three-dimensional full-physics model. The intensification phase of the simulated TC is divided into three subphases according to the rate of intensification: 1) a slowly intensifying phase, 2) an RI phase, and 3) an adjustment phase toward the quasi-steady state. The evolution of a TC vortex is diagnosed by the energy budget analysis and the degree of axisymmetric structure of the TC vortex, and the simulated TC is determined to be axisymmetrized 12 h before the onset of RI. It is found that equivalent potential temperature θe in the lowest layer suddenly increases inside the radius of maximum azimuthally averaged horizontal wind rma after the TC becomes nearly axisymmetric. Forward trajectory analyses revealed that the enhanced convective instability in the TC core region where the eyewall subsequently forms results from the increased inertial stability of the TC core after the axisymmetrization. Since fluid parcels remain longer inside rma, owing to the increased inertial stability, the parcels obtain more enthalpy from the underlying ocean. As a result, low-level θe and hence convective available potential energy (CAPE) increase. Under the condition with increased CAPE, the eyewall is intensified and the secondary circulation is enhanced, leading to the increased convergence of low-level inflow; this process is considered to be the trigger of RI. Once the eyewall forms, the simulated TC starts its RI.
Analytical Delta-Four-Stream Doubling–Adding Method for Radiative Transfer Parameterizations
Authors: Zhang Feng , Shen Zhongping , Li Jiangnan , Zhou Xiuji , Ma Leiming 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Although single-layer solutions have been obtained for the δ-four-stream discrete ordinates method (DOM) in radiative transfer, a four-stream doubling–adding method (4DA) is lacking, which enables us to calculate the radiative transfer through a vertically inhomogeneous atmosphere with multiple layers. In this work, based on the Chandrasekhar invariance principle, an analytical method of δ-4DA is proposed.
When applying δ-4DA to an idealized medium with specified optical properties, the reflection, transmission, and absorption are the same if the medium is treated as either a single layer or dividing it into multiple layers. This indicates that δ-4DA is able to solve the multilayer connection properly in a radiative transfer process. In addition, the δ-4DA method has been systematically compared with the δ-two-stream doubling–adding method (δ-2DA) in the solar spectrum. For a realistic atmospheric profile with gaseous transmission considered, it is found that the accuracy of δ-4DA is superior to that of δ-2DA in most of cases, especially for the cloudy sky. The relative errors of δ-4DA are generally less than 1% in both the heating rate and flux, while the relative errors of δ-2DA can be as high as 6%.
The Effects of Thermohaline Circulation on Wind-Driven Circulation in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Guihua , Huang Rui Xin , Su Jilan , Chen Dake 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The dynamic influence of thermohaline circulation on wind-driven circulation in the South China Sea (SCS) is studied using a simple reduced gravity model, in which the upwelling driven by mixing in the abyssal ocean is treated in terms of an upward pumping distributed at the base of the upper layer.
Because of the strong upwelling of deep water, the cyclonic gyre in the northern SCS is weakened, but the anticyclonic gyre in the southern SCS is intensified in summer, while cyclonic gyres in both the southern and northern SCS are weakened in winter. For all seasons, the dynamic influence of thermohaline circulation on wind-driven circulation is larger in the northern SCS than in the southern SCS. Analysis suggests that the upwelling associated with the thermohaline circulation in the deep ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the wind-driven circulation in the upper ocean.
Modeling the Radar Signature of Raindrops in Aircraft Wake Vortices
Authors: Liu Zhongxun , Jeannin Nicolas , Vincent Francois , Wang Xuesong 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The present work is dedicated to the modeling and simulation of the radar signature of raindrops within wake vortices. This is achieved through the computation of the equation of raindrop motion within the wake vortex flow. Based on the inhomogeneous distribution of raindrops within wake vortices, the radar echo model is computed for raindrops in a given resolution cell. Simulated Doppler radar signatures of raindrops within wake vortices are shown to be a potential criterion for identifying wake vortex hazards in air traffic control. The dependence of the radar signature on various parameters, including the radial resolution and antenna elevation angle, is also analyzed.
Stress and Gene Expression of Individuals With Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Peace Ralph Michael , Majors Benjamin L. , Patel Nayan S. , Wang Dan , Valle-Pinero Arseima Y. Del , Martino Angela C. , Henderson Wendy A. 
Published: September 2012

Background: Research examining the role of stress in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as chronic abdominal pain (CAP) is controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the expression of genes involved in metabolic stress and toxicity in men and women with high and low levels of perceived stress with and without CAP. Methods: Data and samples were collected and the expression of genes involved in metabolic stress and toxicity was analyzed in 26 individuals who had consented to participate in a natural history protocol. Subjects completed the 10-item Perceived Stress scale (PSS). Fasting participants’ peripheral whole blood was collected for proteomic and genomic studies. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array was used to analyze the expression of 84 key genes involved in human stress and toxicity plus 5 housekeeping genes. Plasma interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α) protein was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Interleukin-1 alpha gene ( IL1A) was upregulated in females with high stress versus females with low stress by 2.58-fold (95% CI [0.88, 4.28]). IL1A was upregulated in participants with high stress and CAP versus those with low stress and CAP by 3.47-fold (95% CI [1.14, 5.80]). Conclusions: An upregulation of the gene coding the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1α suggests that the mechanism behind stress-related changes in GI symptoms is pro-inflammatory in nature. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of the mechanism behind stress-related CAP symptoms and gender differences associated with these disorders.
Almost stability of the Mann type iteration method with error term involving strictly hemicontractive mappings in smooth Banach spaces
Authors: Hussain Nawab , Rafiq Arif , Ciric Ljubomir B , Al-Mezel Saleh 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Let K be a nonempty closed bounded convex subset of an arbitrary smooth Banach space X and

T
:
K
→
K

be a continuous strictly hemicontractive mapping. Under some conditions, we obtain that the Mann iteration method with error term converges strongly to a unique fixed point of T and is almost T-stable on K. As an application of our results, we establish strong convergence of a multi-step iteration process.
The TSC1-TSC2 complex consists of multiple TSC1 and TSC2 subunits
Authors: Hoogeveen-Westerveld Marianne , van Unen Leontine , van den Ouweland Ans , Halley Dicky , Hoogeveen Andre , Nellist Mark 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Mutations to the TSC1 and TSC2 genes cause the disease tuberous sclerosis complex. The TSC1 and TSC2 gene products form a protein complex that integrates multiple metabolic signals to regulate the activity of the target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 1 (TORC1) and thereby control cell growth. Here we investigate the quaternary structure of the TSC1-TSC2 complex by gel filtration and coimmunoprecipitation.

Results
TSC1 and TSC2 co-eluted in high molecular weight fractions by gel filtration. Coimmunoprecipitation of distinct tagged TSC1 and TSC2 isoforms demonstrated that TSC1-TSC2 complexes contain multiple TSC1 and TSC2 subunits.

Conclusions
TSC1 and TSC2 interact to form large complexes containing multiple TSC1 and TSC2 subunits.
The LO-BaFL method and ALS microarray expression analysis
Authors: Baciu Cristina , Thompson Kevin J , Mougeot Jean-Luc , Brooks Benjamin R , Weller Jennifer W 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (sALS) is a devastating, complex disease of unknown etiology. We studied this disease with microarray technology to capture as much biological complexity as possible. The Affymetrix-focused BaFL pipeline takes into account problems with probes that arise from physical and biological properties, so we adapted it to handle the long-oligonucleotide probes on our arrays (hence LO-BaFL). The revised method was tested against a validated array experiment and then used in a meta-analysis of peripheral white blood cells from healthy control samples in two experiments. We predicted differentially expressed (DE) genes in our sALS data, combining the results obtained using the TM4 suite of tools with those from the LO-BaFL method. Those predictions were tested using qRT-PCR assays.ResultsLO-BaFL filtering and DE testing accurately predicted previously validated DE genes in a published experiment on coronary artery disease (CAD). Filtering healthy control data from the sALS and CAD studies with LO-BaFL resulted in highly correlated expression levels across many genes. After bioinformatics analysis, twelve genes from the sALS DE gene list were selected for independent testing using qRT-PCR assays. High-quality RNA from six healthy Control and six sALS samples yielded the predicted differential expression for 7 genes:TARDBP,SKIV2L2,C12orf35,DYNLT1,ACTG1,B2M, andILKAP. Four of the seven have been previously described in sALS studies, whileACTG1,B2MandILKAPappear in the context of this disease for the first time. Supplementary material can be accessed at:http://webpages.uncc.edu/~cbaciu/LO-BaFL/supplementary_data.html.ConclusionLO-BaFL predicts DE results that are broadly similar to those of other methods. The small healthy control cohort in the sALS study is a reasonable foundation for predicting DE genes. Modifying the BaFL pipeline allowed us to remove noise and systematic errors, improving the power of this study, which had a small sample size. Each bioinformatics approach revealed DE genes not predicted by the other; subsequent PCR assays confirmed seven of twelve candidates, a relatively high success rate.
Population-genetic analysis of HvABCG31 promoter sequence in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum)
Authors: Ma Xiaoying , Sela Hanan , Jiao Genlin , Li Chao , Wang Aidong , Pourkheirandish Mohammad , Weiner Dmitry , Sakuma Shun , Krugman Tamar , Nevo Eviatar , Komatsuda Takao , Korol Abraham , Chen Guoxiong 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
The cuticle is an important adaptive structure whose origin played a crucial role in the transition of plants from aqueous to terrestrial conditions. HvABCG31/Eibi1 is an ABCG transporter gene, involved in cuticle formation that was recently identified in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). To study the genetic variation of HvABCG31 in different habitats, its 2 kb promoter region was sequenced from 112 wild barley accessions collected from five natural populations from southern and northern Israel. The sites included three mesic and two xeric habitats, and differed in annual rainfall, soil type, and soil water capacity.

Results
Phylogenetic analysis of the aligned HvABCG31 promoter sequences clustered the majority of accessions (69 out of 71) from the three northern mesic populations into one cluster, while all 21 accessions from the Dead Sea area, a xeric southern population, and two isolated accessions (one from a xeric population at Mitzpe Ramon and one from the xeric ‘African Slope’ of “Evolution Canyon”) formed the second cluster. The southern arid populations included six haplotypes, but they differed from the consensus sequence at a large number of positions, while the northern mesic populations included 15 haplotypes that were, on average, more similar to the consensus sequence. Most of the haplotypes (20 of 22) were unique to a population. Interestingly, higher genetic variation occurred within populations (54.2%) than among populations (45.8%). Analysis of the promoter region detected a large number of transcription factor binding sites: 121–128 and 121–134 sites in the two southern arid populations, and 123–128,125–128, and 123–125 sites in the three northern mesic populations. Three types of TFBSs were significantly enriched: those related to GA (gibberellin), Dof (DNA binding with one finger), and light.

Conclusions
Drought stress and adaptive natural selection may have been important determinants in the observed sequence variation of HvABCG31 promoter. Abiotic stresses may be involved in the HvABCG31 gene transcription regulations, generating more protective cuticles in plants under stresses.
Factors regulated by interferon gamma and hypoxia-inducible factor 1A contribute to responses that protect mice from Coccidioides immitisinfection
Authors: Woelk Christopher H , Zhang Jin X , Walls Lorraine , Viriyakosol Suganya , Singhania Akul , Kirkland Theo N , Fierer Joshua 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCoccidioidomycosis results from airborne infections caused by eitherCoccidioides immitisorC. posadasii. Both are pathogenic fungi that live in desert soil in the New World and can infect normal hosts, but most infections are self-limited. Disseminated infections occur in approximately 5% of cases and may prove fatal. Mouse models of the disease have identified strains that are resistant (e.g.DBA/2) or susceptible (e.g.C57BL/6) to these pathogens. However, the genetic and immunological basis for this difference has not been fully characterized.ResultsMicroarray technology was used to identify genes that were differentially expressed in lung tissue between resistant DBA/2 and sensitive C57BL/6 mice after infection withC. immitis. Differentially expressed genes were mapped onto biological pathways, gene ontologies, and protein interaction networks, which revealed that innate immune responses mediated by Type II interferon (i.e.,IFNG) and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) contribute to the resistant phenotype. In addition, upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1A (HIF1A), possibly as part of a larger inflammatory response mediated by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), may also contribute to resistance. Microarray gene expression was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR for a subset of 12 genes, which revealed thatIFNG HIF1AandTNFA, among others, were significantly differentially expressed between the two strains at day 14 post-infection.ConclusionThese results confirm the finding that DBA/2 mice express more Type II interferon and interferon stimulated genes than genetically susceptible strains and suggest that differential expression ofHIF1Amay also play a role in protection.
Cerebral sparganosis in children: epidemiological, clinical and MR imaging characteristics
Authors: Gong Caigui , Liao Weihua , Chineah Ashley , Wang Xiaoyi , Hou Bob L 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Cerebral sparganosis in children is an extremely rare disease of central nervous system, and caused by a tapeworm larva from the genus of Spirometra. In this study, we discussed and summarized epidemiological, clinical and MR imaging characteristics of eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis for a better diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Methods
Eighteen children with cerebral sparganosis verified by pathology, serological tests and MR presentations were retrospectively investigated, and the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the disease were studied.

Results
Twenty-seven lesions were found in the eighteen children. Twelve lesions in twelve patients were solitary while the lesions in the rest six patients were multiple and asymmetrical. The positions of the lesions were: seven in frontal, eleven in parietal, four in temporal and two in occipital lobes, one in basal ganglia, one in cerebella hemisphere and one in pons. The lesions were presented as slight hypointensity on T1-weighted images but moderate hyperintensity on T2-weighted images with perilesional brain parenchyma edema. Enhanced MR scans by using Gadopentetic Acid Dimeglumine Salt were performed in the patients, and the images demonstrated abnormal enhancements with the patterns of a peripheral ring, or a tortuous beaded, or a serpiginous tubular shape. Follow-up MR scans were preformed for eight patients, and three out of the eight cases exposed migrations and changes in shapes of the lesion areas.

Conclusions
The MR presentations in our study in general were similar to those in previous studies. However serpiginous tubular and comma-shaped enhancements of lesions have not been previously reported. The enhanced MR imaging and follow-up MR scans with the positive results from serological tests are the most important methods for the clinical diagnosis of cerebral sparganosis in children.
Upper limb position control in fibromyalgia
Authors: Bardal Ellen Marie , Roeleveld Karin , Johansen Tonje Okkenhaug , Mork Paul Jarle 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Background
Motor problems are reported by patients with fibromyalgia (FM). However, the mechanisms leading to alterations in motor performance are not well understood. In this study, upper limb position control during sustained isometric contractions was investigated in patients with FM and in healthy controls (HCs).

Methods
Fifteen female FM patients and 13 HCs were asked to keep a constant upper limb position during sustained elbow flexion and shoulder abduction, respectively. Subjects received real-time visual feedback on limb position and both tasks were performed unloaded and while supporting loads (1, 2, and 3 kg). Accelerations of the dominant upper limb were recorded, with variance (SD of mean position) and power spectrum analysis used to characterize limb position control. Normalized power of the acceleration signal was extracted for three frequency bands: 1–3 Hz, 4–7 Hz, and 8–12 Hz.

Results
Variance increased with load in both tasks (P < 0.001) but did not differ significantly between patients and HCs (P > 0.17). Power spectrum analysis showed that the FM patients had a higher proportion of normalized power in the 1–3 Hz band, and a lower proportion of normalized power in the 8–12 Hz band compared to HCs (P < 0.05). The results were consistent for all load conditions and for both elbow flexion and shoulder abduction.

Conclusion
FM patients exhibit an altered neuromuscular strategy for upper limb position control compared to HCs. The predominance of low-frequency limb oscillations among FM patients may indicate a sensory deficit.