bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Una nota sobre el desarrollo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina
Authors: Yocelevsky Ricardo 
Published: July 2015

El desarrollo de las ciencias sociales en América Latina desde la segunda posguerra es examinado a través de una periodización que distingue tres paradigmas que han sido dominantes en ese campo: éstos han sido definidos en el contexto de su significación ideológica y su influencia en las políticas aplicadas en los países de la región en el periodo. Abstract The development of Social Sciences in Latin America since the end of the Second World War is examined through a periodization establishing three paradigms considered dominant in each period; these are defined within the context of their ideological relevance and their influence over the policies applied in the Latin American countries during this period.
Nuevos medios de comunicación y movilización transnacional: el caso del Movimiento Zapatista
Authors: Schulz Markus S. 
Published: July 2015

Las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación facilitaron no sólo una globalización económica acelerada, también fomentaron la esperanza de configurar una robustasociedad civil y global de cosmopolitas solidarios comprometidos con el activismo transnacional. El levantamiento zapatista en Chiapas ha sido ampliamente considerado como el caso prototipo de conflicto social donde el uso de Internet desempeñó un papel instrumental. Este texto cuestiona e indaga en los supuestos generales sobre el impacto del uso de Internet en dicho conflicto. Para ello, se realizó una investigación empírica de páginas web y listas de correos electrónicos, referida contextualmente a las transformaciones de la infraestructura mediática de México a partir de los años noventa. El artículo hace un llamado a la cautela respecto a la valoración del papel que desempeña Internet como herramienta en los movimientos sociales, matizando aspectos significativos que contribuyen ya sea a sobre o subestimar dicho papel. Para concluir, se presentan varias hipótesis específicas a fin de orientar investigaciones a futuro.
Surface‐to‐tunnel electrical resistance tomography measurements
Authors: Simyrdanis K. , Tsourlos P. , Soupios P. , Tsokas G. , Kim J.‐H. , Papadopoulos N. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work we examine the applicability of surface‐to‐tunnel electrical resistance tomography measurements for imaging subsurface targets. Various issues of this special arrangement are discussed and explored by means of numerical model simulations, experimental measurements in a tank, and a field application. The geometrical factor was considered as a filter during the generation of the protocols in order to reject electrode combinations and problematic measurements. Different electrode arrays are examined and compared for various targets, and we concluded that, for the tested cases, the pole–tripole electrode arrangement produced superior results. Additional tests showed that the maximum distance between the electrode lines is strongly related to the nature of the prospected target. Furthermore, the study showed that the tunnel size affects the measured data and needs to be taken into account when processing surface‐to‐tunnel data, and the full incorporation of the tunnel into a 3D model proved to be the optimum among the tested correction schemes. Finally, we present a real case study involving electrical resistance tomography surface‐to‐tunnel measurements, and results are in comparable agreement with the findings of the tests with numerical and experimental data.
Current and future estimates for the fire frequency and the fire rotation period in the main woodland types of peninsular Spain: a case-study approach
Authors: Vázquez Antonio , Climent José M. , Casais Luis , Quintana José R. 
Published: July 2015

Aim of study. Fire regimes are frequently dynamic and change as a function of the interactions between the three main fire drivers: fuels, ignitions and climatic conditions. We characterized the recent period (1974-2005) and performed estimates for the future fire regimeArea of study. We have considered five pine and another four woodland types by means of the analyses of 100 reference areas in peninsular Spain.Material and methods. The estimates of the expected alterations in fire frequency and the fire rotation period were based on models previously developed for the climatic scenarios SRES A2 and B2.Main results. The results point to the large variability in fire frequency and rotation periods between the woodland types as defined, and also among the reference areas delimited for each of them. Fire frequencies will increase for all woodland types while very relevant shortenings of the fire rotation periods are expected. For the 32 yr period analysed, rotation periods longer than 500 yr were obtained in 54% of the reference areas while this percentage would decrease to 31% in the B2 and to 29% in the A2 climatic scenario. In the most affected woodland type, P. pinaster, from a median rotation period of 83 yr it would decrease to 26 yr in the B2 and to 20 yr in the A2 climatic scenario.Research highlights. We conclude that the predicted increases in fire activity will have adverse effects on some of the main Spanish woodland types due to the expected future disruptions in the fire regime. Keywords: Forest fires; fire regime; fire frequency; fire rotation period; climatic change.Abbreviations used: SRES: Special Report on Emissions Scenarios; IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; RA: Reference Areas.
Land cover and land use changes of native forests categories: the case of the Atencio District, Argentina, in the period from 1984 to 2013
Authors: Sabattini Julian Alberto 
Published: July 2015

Aim of study: The aim of this work was to assess land use and land cover change in Distrito Atencio, near Feliciano, in the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, from 1984 to 2013 and to make a projection of possible changes in the native forests of Espinal Phytogeographic Region.Area of study: Espinal Ecorregion, Atencio (Argentina)Material and Methods: Ten LANDSAT 5-TM and LANDSAT 8-OLI satellite images were used and two classes were distinguished by vectorization: NF-Native Forests and OL-Other Lands. Besides, four categories were defined by supervised classification: CNF-Closed Native Forest, ONF-Open Native Forest, RF-Riverside Forest with Shrub Jungle, and ONG-Open Native Grassland or Savanna. Main results: It was estimated NF as being 76,619 ha and 59,994 ha for years 1984 and 2013 respectively, which represented a 21.69% reduction over a period of 30 years. In 1984, 32.93% of the district surface was occupied by CNF; the same proportion was covered by ONF; and ONG followed with 16.361 ha (20.66%). In 2013, contrarily, CNF was reduced by 13.67%. Land use change was noted to be directed towards the central eastern region. By 2015, OL are expected to keep 88% of their surface, while ONG areas might suffer a 28.80% and 41.25% reduction for years 2025 and 2050 respectively.Research highlights: District’s areas with higher incidence on changes due to ecosystem fragmentation processes were identified. It is hoped that this study may contribute to settling native forests protection and recovery areas.Keywords: land change; land cover; Landsat; remote sensing; Espinal Region; spatial trend.
Maturação fisiológica e coleta de sementes de <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> L. (Pitanga), Santa Maria, RS.
Authors: Avila Angela Luciana de , Argenta Marileia da Silva , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Poleto Igor , Blume Elena 
Published: July 2015

Este estudo teve como objetivo acompanhar a maturação fisiológica, seus parâmetros indicadores e identificar o momento adequado para a coleta de sementes de Eugenia uniflora, avaliando também a incidência de fungos em frutos e sementes. A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto a outubro de 2004 em Santa Maria, RS. A coleta dos frutos e sementes ocorreu semanalmente, partindo de três árvores matrizes, com início aos 7 dias após a antese (DAA) e término aos 77 DAA. As variáveis observadas foram: altura, diâmetro, peso verde e sanidade de frutos e sementes e teor de umidade, massa seca e germinação das sementes. Identificou-se que a época adequada para a coleta das sementes, no período e local de estudo, ocorreu entre 56 e 63 DAA, quando os frutos apresentavam coloração vermelha e as sementes elevada germinação. Nesse período, o tamanho e o peso de frutos e sementes atingiram seus valores máximos e o teor de umidade e matéria seca das sementes mostraram tendência à estabilização. Os gêneros fúngicos Cladosporium sp. e Alternaria sp. apresentaram as maiores taxas de incidência nos frutos e nas sementes e podem influenciar o armazenamento e a germinação das sementes de mudas de Eugenia uniflora.
Nicolas de Béguelin et les fondements d’une philosophie de la nature
Authors: Duchesneau François 
Published: July 2015

Nicolas de Béguelin, philosophe et scientifique, membre de
l’Académie de Berlin, entreprit de concilier des
thèses contrastées sur les fondements de la philosophie
de la nature, qui semblaient suggérer une antinomie
irréductible entre les principes leibniziens-wolffiens et les
principes newtoniens. Dans une série de mémoires
consacrés à ce projet, il tente d’établir
qu’une philosophie expérimentale reste incertaine de ses
hypothèses, si elle ne les confronte aux réquisits
qu’imposent certains des principes architectoniques
dérivant du principe de la raison suffisante. Au coeur de
l’argument figure une analyse visant à rattacher le
concept de loi de la nature à la catégorie des
vérités contingentes. Illustration en est fournie par la
« déduction » des lois fondamentales de la
mécanique : celles-ci ne sauraient être
réduites à des propositions abstraites relevant de la
seule nécessité géométrique. C’est en
se fondant sur le réquisit de l’harmonie universelle que
Béguelin propose des hypothèses sur
l’intégration de forces motrices, intégration qui
serait sous-jacente à l’inertie des corps, et sur
l’espace comme ordre de coexistence des corps qui
dépendrait de l’interrelation entre des
éléments monadiques.
Discovery and Structure Determination of an Unusual Sulfide Telluride through an Effective Combination of TEM and Synchrotron Microdiffraction
Authors: Fahrnbauer Felix , Rosenthal Tobias , Schmutzler Tilo , Wagner Gerald , Vaughan Gavin B. M. , Wright Jonathan P. , Oeckler Oliver 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe structure elucidation of the novel sulfide telluride Pb8Sb8S15Te5 demonstrates a new versatile procedure that exploits the synergism of electron microscopy and synchrotron diffraction methods for accurate structure analyses of side‐phases in heterogeneous microcrystalline samples. Suitable crystallites of unknown compounds can be identified by transmission electron microscopy and relocated and centered in a microfocused synchrotron beam by means of X‐ray fluorescence scans. The refined structure model is then confirmed by simulating HRTEM images of the same crystallite. Pb8Sb8S15Te5 consists of chains of heterocubane‐like units. Cation coordination polyhedra form unusually entwined chains of edge‐ and face‐sharing bicapped trigonal prisms. The structure data are precise enough for bond‐valence calculations, which confirm the disordered atom distribution. On this basis, optimization of physical properties becomes feasible.
The Critical Effect of Niobium Doping on the Formation of Mesostructured TiO2: Single‐Crystalline Ordered Mesoporous Nb‐TiO2 and Plate‐like Nb‐TiO2 with Ordered Mesoscale Dimples
Authors: Kitahara Masaki , Shimasaki Yuta , Matsuno Takamichi , Kuroda Yoshiyuki , Shimojima Atsushi , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHighly ordered mesoporous niobium‐doped TiO2 with a single‐crystalline framework was prepared by using silica colloidal crystals with ca. 30 nm in diameter as templates. The preparation of colloidal crystals composed of uniform silica nanoparticles is a key to obtain highly ordered mesoporous Nb‐doped TiO2. The XPS measurements of Nb‐doped TiO2 showed the presence of Nb5+ and correspondingly Ti3+. With the increase in the amount of doped Nb, the crystalline phase of the product was converted from rutile into anatase, and the lattice spacings of both rutile and anatase phases increased. Surprisingly, the increase in the amount of Nb led to the formation of plate‐like TiO2 with dimpled surfaces on one side, which was directly replicated from the surfaces of the colloidal silica crystals.
Effect of overuse‐induced tendinopathy on tendon healing in a rat supraspinatus repair model
Authors: Tucker Jennica J. , Riggin Corinne N. , Connizzo Brianne K. , Mauck Robert L. , Steinberg David R. , Kuntz Andrew F. , Soslowsky Louis J. , Bernstein Joseph 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTSupraspinatus tears often result in the setting of chronic tendinopathy. However, the typical repair model utilizes an acute injury. In recognition of that distinction, our laboratory developed an overuse animal model; however it is unclear whether induced overuse is necessary in the repair model. We studied the repair properties of overuse‐induced tendons compared to normal tendons. We hypothesized that histological and mechanical properties would not be altered between the overuse‐induced and normal tendons 1 and 4 weeks after repair. Thirty‐one adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to either overuse or cage activity for 4 weeks prior to bilateral supraspinatus tendon repair surgery. Rats were sacrificed at 1 and 4 weeks post‐surgery and evaluated for histology and mechanics. Results at 1 week showed no clear histologic changes, but increased inflammatory protein expression in overuse tendons. At 4 weeks, percent relaxation was slightly increased in the overuse group. No other alterations in mechanics or histology were observed. Our results suggest that the effects of the surgical injury overshadow the changes evoked by overuse. Because clinically relevant mechanical parameters were not altered in the overuse group, we conclude that when examining tendons 4 weeks after repair in the classic rat supraspinatus model, inducing overuse prior to surgery is likely to be unnecessary. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:161–166, 2016.
Barriers and Facilitators of Mental Health Treatment‐Seeking in U.S. Active Duty Soldiers With Sexual Assault Histories
Authors: Zinzow Heidi M. , Britt Thomas W. , Pury Cynthia L. S. , Jennings Kristen , Cheung Janelle H. , Raymond Mary Anne 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite significant mental health needs among sexual assault (SA) victims in the military, little is known about treatment‐seeking patterns or factors associated with service use. This study examined service use behavior, barriers, and facilitators of mental health treatment‐seeking in an active duty sample of 927 U.S. Army soldiers with mental health problems. SA victims (n = 113) did not differ from non‐victims on barriers or facilitators after adjusting for demographic and mental health variables, with stigma rated as the largest barrier. Most SA victims (87.6%) had sought informal support and 59.3% had sought formal treatment. One third of treatment‐seekers had dropped out of treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified several correlates of treatment‐seeking among SA victims: Black race (OR = 7.57), SA during the military (OR = 4.34), positive treatment beliefs (OR = 2.22), social support for treatment (OR = 2.14), self‐reliance (OR = 0.47), and stigma towards treatment seekers (OR = 0.43). Mental health symptoms were not associated with treatment seeking. Findings suggested that treatment‐facilitating interventions should focus on improving recognition of mental health symptoms, altering perceptions related to self‐reliance, and reducing stigma. Interventions should also enlist support for treatment‐seeking from unit members, leaders, and significant others.
MALDI‐TOF Analysis of Halogen Telechelic Poly(methyl methacrylate)s and Poly(methyl acrylate)s Prepared by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) or Single Electron Transfer‐Living Radical Polymerization (SET‐LRP)
Authors: Couthouis Justine , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin 
Published: July 2015

Poly(methyl methacrylate)s (PMMA)s and poly(methyl acrylate)s (PMA)s are prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) using methyl dichloroacetate (MDCA) and ethyl dibromoacetate (EDBA) as bifunctional initiators. The chain‐end functionality is determined by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The target PMMA (Mn = 2000 g mol−1) and PMA (Mn = 2000 g mol−1) samples obtained by ATRP of MMA and MA with MDCA as initiator have 12 and 81 mol% bis‐chloro end groups, respectively; those prepared by SET‐LRP have 57 and 100 mol% bis‐chloro end groups, respectively. The PMMAs obtained by ATRP or SET‐LRP with EDBA have no bromine end groups.
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Study of Metal Ions Removal from Aqueous Solution by Using Radiation Crosslinked Chitosan‐co‐Poly(Acrylamide)‐Based Adsorbent
Authors: Puspitasari Tita , Oktaviani  , Pangerteni Dewi Sekar , Nurfilah Erva , Darwis Darmawan 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA series of hydrogels as heavy metals adsorbent were prepared from chitosan and acrylamide by gamma irradiation at room temperature. Chitosan solutions with different concentration (1%, 2%, 3%) (w/v) have been mixed with 7.5% (w/v) of acrylamide and irradiated at doses of 10‐40 kGy. The properties of the prepared hydrogel of chitosan‐co‐poly(acrylamide) (Chi‐co‐PAAm) were evaluated in terms of the gel fraction and degree of swelling. It was found that the incorporation only 3% (w/v) chitosan with 7.5% (w/v) acrylamide can produces an elastic hydrogel when irradiated with gamma rays up to 15 kGy. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study heavy metals ions removal from its aqueous solutions. The different parameters effecting on the adsorption capacity such as contact time, pH of the solution, hydrogel dose, initial metal ion concentration, and competitive ions were investigated. The results indicated that the ions uptake performance of the hydrogel significantly changed with all the parameter tested. However, Chi‐co‐PAAm hydrogel demonstrated a great uptake ability for heavy metal ions. The order of heavy metal ions uptake on Chi‐co‐PAAm hydrogel was Zn2+ > Cr6+ > Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Co2+ > Ni2+. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms models were applied to describe the isotherms and isotherm constants the adsorption data obtained in this study.
Degradation of Chitosan by Hydrothermal Process in the Presence of Sonication Pre‐Treatment with Supercritical CO2 as Pressurized Fluid
Authors: Savitri Emma , Sumarno  , Rosyadi Achmad 
Published: July 2015

SummaryFor chito oligomer production, the efficient hydrolysis of chitosan to smaller substances is important. The focus of this study is to explore the formation and changes in the chitosan degradation product and properties after chitosan hydrolysis in subcritical water. The hydrothermal process was pressurized by supercritical CO2 used as the pressurized fluid and catalyst. Pre‐treatment sonication was also used to change the molecular weight of the chitosan. The effect of the reaction time on the formation of various products and chitosan residue was studied. The chitosan was pre‐treated by sonication at 60 °C for 120 min before subjected to the hydrothermal process at 200 °C and pressure of 23 MPa for 3‐5 min. The chitosan water slurry of 1 wt % in a batch reactor was rapidly heated to the reaction temperature for a specific time. After the reaction, the product was rapidly cooled in a cooling medium. The total yield reached about 15% based on the initial chitosan at 200 °C in 5 min. Upon an increase in the reaction time, the side group of monomers (NH2 or N‐acetyl) tended to be attacked and replaced by OH to produce glucose and also partially degrade into 5‐HMF. The hydrothermal process had no significant effect on the chitosan structure except for the changes in the inter‐ and intramolecular hydrogen bondings of chitosan and the degree of crystallinity of the chitosan residue in the range of 19.2 to 28.9%.
Dynamics of a Global Zoonotic Research Network Over 33 Years (1980–2012)
Authors: Hossain Liaquat , Karimi Faezeh , Wigand Rolf T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe increasing rate of outbreaks in humans of zoonotic diseases requires detailed examination of the education, research, and practice of animal health and its connection to human health. This study investigated the collaboration network of different fields engaged in conducting zoonotic research from a transdisciplinary perspective.MethodsExamination of the dynamics of this network for a 33-year period from 1980 to 2012 is presented through the development of a large scientometric database from Scopus. In our analyses we compared several properties of these networks, including density, clustering coefficient, giant component, and centrality measures over time. We also elicited patterns in different fields of study collaborating with various other fields for zoonotic research.ResultsWe discovered that the strongest collaborations across disciplines are formed among the fields of medicine; biochemistry, genetics, and molecular biology; immunology and microbiology; veterinary; agricultural and biological sciences; and social sciences. Furthermore, the affiliation network is growing overall in terms of collaborative research among different fields of study such that more than two-thirds of all possible collaboration links among disciplines have already been formed.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that zoonotic research scientists in different fields (human or animal health, social science, earth and environmental sciences, engineering) have been actively collaborating with each other over the past 11 years. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:496–503)
Examining the profile of high-potency cannabis and its association with severity of cannabis dependence
Authors: Freeman T. P. , Winstock A. R. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundCannabis use is decreasing in England and Wales, while demand for cannabis treatment in addiction services continues to rise. This could be partly due to an increased availability of high-potency cannabis.MethodAdults residing in the UK were questioned about their drug use, including three types of cannabis (high potency: skunk; low potency: other grass, resin). Cannabis types were profiled and examined for possible associations between frequency of use and (i) cannabis dependence, (ii) cannabis-related concerns.ResultsFrequent use of high-potency cannabis predicted a greater severity of dependence [days of skunk use per month: b = 0.254, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.161–0.357, p < 0.001] and this effect became stronger as age decreased (b = −0.006, 95% CI −0.010 to −0.002, p = 0.004). By contrast, use of low-potency cannabis was not associated with dependence (days of other grass use per month: b = 0.020, 95% CI −0.029 to 0.070, p = 0.436; days of resin use per month: b = 0.025, 95% CI −0.019 to 0.067, p = 0.245). Frequency of cannabis use (all types) did not predict severity of cannabis-related concerns. High-potency cannabis was clearly distinct from low-potency varieties by its marked effects on memory and paranoia. It also produced the best high, was preferred, and most available.ConclusionsHigh-potency cannabis use is associated with an increased severity of dependence, especially in young people. Its profile is strongly defined by negative effects (memory, paranoia), but also positive characteristics (best high, preferred type), which may be important when considering clinical or public health interventions focusing on cannabis potency.