bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Newtonoate as an active principle of Newtonia griffoniana for anxiolytic activity in Swiss mice
Authors: Djiogue Sefirin , Kinyok Mc Jesus , Ketcha Wanda Germain Jean Magloire , Zemo Gamo Franklin , Seke Etet Paul Faustin , Nwabo Kamdje Armel Herve , Pegnyemb Dieudonné Emmanuel , Njamen Dieudonné 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background: Newtonia griffoniana (Mimosaceae) is a Central African rain forest tree, whose bark extracts are used in Cameroonian folk medicine for the treatment of anxiety and sleep disorders.

Methods: We evaluated the anxiolytic effects of N. griffoniana stem bark methanol extract and its major isolated constituent 2,3,4-trihydroxybutylpentatriacontanoate (newtonoate) on the elevated plus maze.

Results: Significant increases in the percentage of entries into open arms were induced by both N. griffoniana extract (100 and 150 mg/kg BW; p<0.01) and newtonoate (doses of 3 and 15 mg/kg BW; p<0.05). Conversely, decreases in the percentage of entries into closed arms were observed at the same doses. In addition, N. griffoniana methanol extract (100 mg/kg) and the isolated newtonoate (30 mg/kg) induced significant (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) increases in the time spent in the open arms, while inducing a decrease in the time spent in the closed arms. Newtonoate treatment also decreased head dipping number at doses of 3 and 15 mg/kg, while N. griffoniana methanol extract induced the same effect at 200 mg/kg.

Conclusions: These results suggest that N. griffoniana bark extract has anxiolytic properties, which justify its use in folk medicine. Such effects are at least partly mediated by newtonoate.
Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Waste Disposal Sites As A Source Of Poly-Extremotolerant Bacteria
Authors: Pristas Peter , Stramova Zuzana , Kvasnova Simona , Judova Jana , Perhacova Zuzana , Vidova Barbora , Sramkova Zuzana , Godany Andrej 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Waste disposal sites from non-ferrous metal industry constitute environments very hostile for life due to the presence of very specialized abiotic factors (pH, salt concentration, heavy metals content). In our experiments microflora of two waste disposal sites in Slovakia – brown mud disposal site from aluminium production near Ziar nad Hronom and nickel sludge disposal site near Sered - was analyzed for cultivable bacteria. Isolated bacteria were characterized by a combination of classical microbiological approaches and molecular methods and the most of isolated bacteria shown a poly-extremotolerant phenotype. The most frequently halotolerant (resistant to the high level of salt concentrations) and alkalitolerant (resistant to the high pH level) bacteria belonging to the Actinobacteria class were detected. The most of bacteria shown very high level of heavy metal resistance e.g. more than 500 μg/ml for Zn2+ or Cu2+. Based on our data, waste disposal sites thus on one side represents an important environmental burden but on other side they are a source of new poly-extremotolerant bacterial strains and species possibly used in many biotechnology and bioremediation applications.
Orthopteran insects as potential and preferred preys of the Red-footed Falcon (Falco vespertinus) in Hungary
Authors: Szövényi Gergely 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Orthopterans play an important role in Red-footed Falcon diet, however, most studies focus only on its qualitative food composition, and less on quantitative composition and preferences of the taxa identified as prey. During the present research, an extensive orthopterological investigation was carried out in the Red-footed Falcon study area, Vásárhelyi Plain (SE-Hungary) between 2006 and 2008. Grasshoppers were sampled in their main habitats by sweep netting and pitfall trapping, and orthopterans were identified in the food remnants collected from the nests, both artificial and natural ones. 26 species were detected during the field works, 18 species from the food remnants. Altogether 32 species were identified. Prey preference values for all species for each year were calculated. More than two thirds of the identified preys were Decticus verrucivorus, and nearly 20% were Tettigonia viridissima. Other common prey species were Melanogryllus desertus, Platycleis affinis, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Calliptamus italicus and Gryllus campestris. Based on the prey preference analysis, the most preferred species was Decticus verrucivorus with extreme high values, and the other preferred ones, overlapping with the previous list, were Platycleis affinis, Bicolorana bicolor, Tettigonia viridissima, Calliptamus italicus and Roeseliana roeselii. These results may help in the development of Red-footed Falcon-friendly habitats through the application of habitat management favourable for the preferred prey species.
What’s so “proper” about translation? Or interlingual translation and interpretative semiotics
Authors: Vassallo Clare 
Published: July 2015

AbstractJakobson’s famous classification of three types of translation is the point of departure for a discussion of “translation proper,” or translation from one natural historical language to another. Eco’s comparison of the terms interpretation and translation show that they overlap but are not synonymous as there is a limit to translation that does not hold for interpretation. A translation strategy that aims for equivalent effect is guided by the intentio operis as well as by the regulative hypothesis of the encyclopedia, which takes into account the inferential and pragmatic conditions of communication that are implied but not explicit in the text. The paper compares insights from what has been called the “cultural turn” in Translation Studies with Eco’s regulative hypothesis of the Encyclopedia as a dynamic interpretative strategy.
Determination of Lead and Copper in Hair by Non-Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
Authors: Renshaw GD , Pounds CA , Pearson EF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The possibility of differentiating between hairs from different people by comparing trace element concentrations (&lt; 1000 ppm) in the hair has stimulated a good deal of discussion by forensic scientists in the last decade. Because of its relative ease of removal from the scalp, especially during crimes of aggression, hair is often found at the scene of a crime. Sometimes only a single hair is recovered; and, consequently, sophisticated analytical techniques are required to determine satisfactorily the concentration of trace elements.
Determination of Chloral Hydrate and Trichloroethanol in Biological Tissue
Authors: Wells J , Cimbura G 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A number of methods for the determination of chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol in biological tissue have been described [1–5]. The most recent of these procedures, that of Jain et al [5], involved direct injection of an aqueous sample on to a gas chromatographic (GC) column. Both chloral hydrate and trichloroethanol exhibited relatively broad peaks with the column used and the separation of the chloral hydrate and water was not always satisfactory.
Microscopic Morphology of Marijuana Ash
Authors: De Forest PR , Morton CV , Henderson RA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The common methods for the identification of marijuana depend on the chemical reactions of certain of the resin components with various color reagents or upon an examination of the leaf fragments and other parts of the plant under the stereoscopic-binocular microscope. Comprehensive studies of both chemical [1,2] and morphological [3] methods have led investigators to conclude that the two approaches are complementary. A combination of the two provides experienced analysts with a very reliable means for identifying cannabis fragments [4].
The Use of the Laser Microprobe in Forensic Science
Authors: Sullivan RC , Pompa C , Sabatino LV , Horan JJ 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
From time immemorial, technicians in the basic sciences have searched for methods of analysis that require a minimum of sample and sample preparation and that involve the least amount of destruction of the sample while obtaining the maximum information from it. The laser microprobe goes a long way toward meeting these elusive standards of performance in microspectroscopy.
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Rapid Technique for Forensic Analyses
Authors: Beggs DP , Day AG 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The need for a rapid and accurate method for drug analysis has increased substantially in this country over the past few years. This has been due in large part to the rise in drug abuse and overdose cases now being handled by toxicologists and analytical chemists. In an effort to meet this need, recent applications of the gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) to drug and drug metabolite analysis has been successfully accomplished [1,2]. This application has recently been enhanced by the development of a new technique—chemical ionization (CI). The CI technique provides simpler spectra with increased sensitivity, while allowing the optional deletion of the gas chromatograph.
Leadership in Islamic Education Institution
Authors: Supriadi Supriadi 
Published: July 2015

Education institution may not be separated by social system. It can be formal and informal education. A formal education institution such as school, Islamic school or Islamic boarding school is in social environment and bringing a basic value and law from its institution. Meanwhile, Islamic education institution is believed as tool to reach the aim of education. The aim of education is hard to reach if there is no leadership in it. Copyright © 2014 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
The Comparison between National Final Examination Test Items and English Teacher Made-Test Items of 2010 and 2011
Authors: Razali Khairil , Jannah Miftahul 
Published: July 2015

The objective of the paper is to determine the relevance between the scope of the national final examination test items in English lesson and the English teacher made test items. It is also to identify the relevance between the deepness of national final examination test items in English subject and the English teacher made test item. The finding showed that more than fifty percents of tryout out test items are not relevant with the national test items. Meanwhile, the final national test items were design with higher cognitive domain than teacher made test items. It means the teacher made test items (tryout) is more superficial than final national test items. It can be a reason why the students who are can pass the tryout test which is made in teacher cannot pass the national final examination test (standardized test). It is expected that this study provides empirical evidence to devise on their optimal uses in EFL teaching. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Insects affecting regenerating conifers in Canada: natural history and management
Authors: Alfaro René I. , Fuentealba Alvaro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA number of insect species in a variety of families and orders damage early regenerating forests. Successful management of pests of regenerating forests requires detailed information on the natural history of the damaging organism, including the factors that increase risk, and a careful assessment of the risk mitigation options. Decision support systems, in the form of stand models capable of incorporating pest management options are required to guide decisions in terms of the expected yields under various pest management scenarios. In this paper we review research to date on the natural history and damage of the most important insect pests of regenerating forests in Canada and propose a framework for risk assessment. Canadian scientists have been active contributors to the research that advanced this field, from the early descriptive studies, to the development of practical tools to assist industry in managing pests of young forests.
Tri sinteze Križmanovih orgel [Ob 220-letnici smrti]
Authors: Škulj Edo 
Published: July 2015

Članek se sprašuje ali je mogoče združiti orgle različnih pokrajin (zemljepisno vprašanje), orgle različni obdobij (kronološko vprašanje in hkrati preroško, ker drugega obdobja še ni) in orgle z različnimi sapnicami (sistemsko vprašanje).
Der slawische Anteil am Bestand des Blasmusikarchives der Universität für Musik und darstellende Kunst in Graz
Authors: Logar Engelbert 
Published: July 2015

The article examines the Slavic share of sheet music for brass instruments in the archive of the University of Music and Performing Arts Graz, located in the research station in Oberschützen in the Austrain state of Burgenland. The archive material is comprised of 4805 numbered maps with works and compositions of 2072 different composers – 10,632 formaly defined works. It is intended for symphonic brass music, salon orchestra, string instruments and chambers ensembles and was collected during the 200 years of the performance practice of the institution. The focal point of the article is the south-Slavic region, although its share is relatively small compared to the Czech, Vienna or Hungarian region. Discussed are over 200 composers that were mainly working in the time between 1850 and 1940. Over 1500 compositions are in the form of manuscripts. The analysis of the temporal, spatial and formal layering of the material is followed by statistical data of the share of composers form Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Bulgaria; incorporated in the overview is also the share of eastern and western Slavic countries.
Measuring the Efficiency of Chilean Primary Healthcare Centres
Authors: Ramírez-Valdivia Martha , Maturana Sergio , Mendoza-Alonzo Jennifer , Bustos Jaime 
Published: July 2015

This paper examines whether different approaches for estimating the technical efficiency of a primary healthcare centre —PHC— can have significantly different results. Although effective regulation demands the development of measures for establishing good operation levels, few studies have compared results from a data envelopment analysis —DEA— and stochastic frontier analysis —SFA—in a PHC. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have used Chilean nationwide data. Efficiency refers to the relation between the number of output units per input unit. Effectiveness evaluates the outcome of medical care and can be influenced by efficiency. The data that were used in this study came from 259 Chilean municipalities. We included two outputs – medical and check-up visits – and three inputs – staff, general service and drugs expenses. For the DEA, we used a variable return to scale output-oriented model. Before applying the SFA, a principal component analysis —PCA— combined the two outputs. The results were similar for both methods: the SFA efficiency averages were 70.89% and 65.83% and the DEA averages were 68.37% and 54.46% for the urban and rural municipalities, respectively. In addition to defining a frontier of “best practice”, this study merged the PCA with the SFA to form an innovative approach to combining outputs.
Preparation optimization of carbon nanotube/carbon fiber incorporated carbon composite monoliths for high CO2 adsorption capacity
Authors: Jin Yonggang , Hawkins Stephen C. , Huynh Chi P. , Su Shi 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) /carbon fiber (CF) incorporated carbon composite monolith adsorbents have been recently reported exhibiting superior CO2 adsorption properties for post‐combustion capture (PCC) of CO2. Here we conducted a detailed study on optimization of preparation of CNT/CF composites for high CO2 adsorption capacities. A well‐developed narrow microporous (<1 nm) structure is the key to achieving the high CO2 uptake of composite adsorbents at 298 K and under ambient and low CO2 pressures. Using water as the solvent for composite mixing is more favorable for enhanced narrow microporosity and CO2 adsorption capacity. The addition of CF lowers the CO2 uptake of CNT composites and the CNT alone incorporation with a CNT/resin ratio of 1 wt% was found preferable. The burn‐off as an indicator of degree of CO2 activation was optimized to be 20–30 wt% for the highest CO2 uptake at ambient pressure, whereas the lower burn‐off at 10–20 wt% resulted in the largest amount of CO2 adsorbed at 114 mmHg (corresponding to 15% of CO2) relevant to the flue gas condition for PCC. The CO2 adsorption capacity is significantly influenced by the narrow micropore size distribution and closely related to the pore volume of effective narrow micropores responsible for different adsorption pressures. The results obtained from this study are valuable to the development of other microporous carbons for CO2 capture. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender and estrous cycle influences on behavioral and neurochemical alterations in adult rats neonatally administered ketamine
Authors: Célia Moreira Borella Vládia , Seeman Mary V. , Carneiro Cordeiro Rafaela , Vieira dos Santos Júnia , Romário Matos de Souza Marcos , Nunes de Sousa Fernandes Ethel , Santos Monte Aline , Maria Mendes Vasconcelos Silvânia , Quinn John P. , de Lucena David F. , Carvalho André F. , Macêdo Danielle 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNeonatal N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade in rodents triggers schizophrenia (SCZ)‐like alterations during adult life. SCZ is influenced by gender in age of onset, premorbid functioning, and course. Estrogen, the hormone potentially driving the gender differences in SCZ, is known to present neuroprotective effects such as regulate oxidative pathways and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thus, the aim of this study was to verify if differences in gender and/or estrous cycle phase during adulthood would influence the development of behavioral and neurochemical alterations in animals neonatally administered ketamine. The results showed that ketamine‐treated male (KT‐male) and female‐in‐diestrus (KTF‐diestrus, the low estrogen phase) presented significant deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex and spatial working memory, two behavioral SCZ endophenotypes. On the contrary, female ketamine‐treated rats during proestrus (KTF‐proestrus, the high estradiol phase) had no behavioral alterations. This correlated with an oxidative imbalance in the hippocampus (HC) of both male and KTF‐diestrus female rats, that is, decreased levels of GSH and increased levels of lipid peroxidation and nitrite. Similarly, BDNF was decreased in the KTF‐diestrus rats while no alterations were observed in KTF‐proestrus and male animals. The changes in the HC were in contrast to those in the prefrontal cortex in which only increased levels of nitrite in all groups studied were observed. Thus, there is a gender difference in the adult rat HC in response to ketamine neonatal administration, which is based on the estrous cycle. This is discussed in relation to neuropsychiatric conditions and in particular SCZ. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 519–532, 2016
Opposition‐based BAT algorithm for optimal design of circular and concentric circular arrays with improved far‐field radiation characteristics
Authors: Ram Gopi , Mandal Durbadal , Kar Rajib , Ghoshal Sakti Prasad 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, optimal designs of non‐uniform single‐ring circular antenna array (CAA) and non‐uniform three‐ring concentric circular antenna array (CCAA) have been dealt with, which gives rise to optimal improvement of far‐field radiation characteristics. An evolutionary optimization technique based on opposition‐based bat algorithm (OBA) is applied to determine an optimum set of current excitation weights and antenna inter‐element spacing for CAA of 8, 10, and 12 elements and optimal current excitation weights for CCAA, respectively. Two three‐ring CCAAs, one having the set of 4, 6, and 8 elements and the other having 8, 10, and 12 elements with and without center element, are considered. The results show a considerable reduction of side lobe level, 3‐dB beamwidth, and improved directivity of CAA and better side lobe level of CCAA, with respect to the results of some recent literature reported in this paper. The BAT is a metaheuristic algorithm, based on the echolocation behavior of bats. The capability of echolocation of microbats is fascinating as the bats can find their prey and discriminate different types of insects even in complete darkness. By idealizing the echolocation behavior of bats, BAT is recently introduced in the literature. In the present paper, opposition‐based learning is employed for population initialization and also for the generation jumping along with the original BAT for further improving the convergence performance of BAT. This new variant of BAT is termed as opposition‐based BAT. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
60,000 years of interactions between Central and Eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2
Authors: Silva Marina , Alshamali Farida , Silva Paula , Carrilho Carla , Mandlate Flávio , Jesus Trovoada Maria , Černý Viktor , Pereira Luísa , Soares Pedro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup L2 originated in Western Africa but is nowadays spread across the entire continent. L2 movements were previously postulated to be related to the Bantu expansion, but L2 expansions eastwards probably occurred much earlier. By reconstructing the phylogeny of L2 (44 new complete sequences) we provide insights on the complex net of within-African migrations in the last 60 thousand years (ka). Results show that lineages in Southern Africa cluster with Western/Central African lineages at a recent time scale, whereas, eastern lineages seem to be substantially more ancient. Three moments of expansion from a Central African source are associated to L2: (1) one migration at 70–50 ka into Eastern or Southern Africa, (2) postglacial movements (15–10 ka) into Eastern Africa; and (3) the southward Bantu Expansion in the last 5 ka. The complementary population and L0a phylogeography analyses indicate no strong evidence of mtDNA gene flow between eastern and southern populations during the later movement, suggesting low admixture between Eastern African populations and the Bantu migrants. This implies that, at least in the early stages, the Bantu expansion was mainly a demic diffusion with little incorporation of local populations.
Structures of intermediates during RES complex assembly
Authors: Wysoczanski Piotr , Becker Stefan , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe action of the spliceosome depends on the stepwise cooperative assembly and disassembly of its components. Very strong cooperativity was observed for the RES (Retention and Splicing) hetero-trimeric complex where the affinity from binary to tertiary interactions changes more than 100-fold and affects RNA binding. The RES complex is involved in splicing regulation and retention of not properly spliced pre-mRNA with its three components—Snu17p, Pml1p and Bud13p—giving rise to the two possible intermediate dimeric complexes Pml1p-Snu17p and Bud13p-Snu17p. Here we determined the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of the Pml1p-Snu17p and Bud13p-Snu17p dimers using liquid state NMR. We demonstrate that localized as well as global changes occur along the RES trimer assembly pathway. The stepwise rigidification of the Snu17p structure following the binding of Pml1p and Bud13p provides a basis for the strong cooperative nature of RES complex assembly.