bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salvage autologous fascial sling after failed synthetic midurethral sling: Greater than 3‐year outcomes
Authors: Petrou Steven P , Davidiuk Andrew J , Rawal Bhupendra , Arnold Michelle , Thiel David D 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo determine long‐term surgical outcomes of salvage autologous fascial sling placement after a failed synthetic midurethral sling.MethodsWomen who had undergone autologous fascial sling placement without concomitant pelvic surgery for a failed synthetic midurethral sling utilizing mesh with a minimum follow up of 36 months were identified. Charts were reviewed, and patients were contacted by telephone. Success was determined by the Patient Global Impression of Improvement. Secondary measures included the Incontinence Severity Index questionnaire, patient recommendation of the autologous fascial sling and need for further incontinence surgery.ResultsA total of 35 patients met the criteria, and 21 were successfully contacted. Of those contacted, the median age at surgery was 67 years (range 53–81 years) and at the time of the survey was 75 years (range 63–84 years) with median follow up of 74 months (range 36–127 years). Preoperatively, 12 patients (57.1%) had urethral hypermobility and 13 patients (61.9%) had mixed urinary incontinence. Eight patients (38.1%) had concomitant sling excision with five of those combined with urethrolysis at the time of the salvage operation. Patient Global Impression of Improvement success was noted in 16 patients (76.2%). A total of 11 patients (52.4%) were dry or had slight incontinence by the Incontinence Severity Index. One patient required additional anti‐incontinence surgery (4.8%). A total of 18 patients (85.7%) recommended the autologous fascial sling. No statistical impact was noted with sling excision (P = 0.62), mixed urinary incontinence (P = 0.61), age at surgery (P = 0.23), age at follow up (P = 0.15), length of follow up (P = 0.71) or first surgery type (transobturator tape vs retropubic; P = 1.00).ConclusionsAutologous fascial sling provides reasonable long‐term success as a salvage operation for failed midurethral slings.
Clinicopathological characteristics of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma in adolescents and adults: Diagnosis using immunostaining of transcription factor E3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis
Authors: Hirobe Megumi , Masumori Naoya , Tanaka Toshiaki , Kitamura Hiroshi , Tonooka Akiko , Hasegawa Tadashi , Tsukamoto Taiji 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the rate and clinicopathological features of Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma using immunostaining of transcription factor E3 and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.MethodsWe evaluated 638 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan, from 1990 to 2009 by reviewing all hematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections and carrying out immunostaining of transcription factor E3 for all cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was carried out for patients with positive immunostaining or with findings suspicious for Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma on hematoxylin–eosin‐stained sections. In this analysis, we set a cut‐off level for split signals of at least 10% of nuclei.ResultsOf the 631 patients, 20 (3.2%) were positive for immunostaining. Finally, five patients were diagnosed with Xp11.2 translocation carcinoma (0.8%). Four of these patients were female and aged less than 50 years, and three cases were diagnosed as stage IV with multiple regional lymph nodal or visceral metastases. The positive predictive value of immunostaining was 25%.ConclusionPatients with Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma tend to be younger, more frequently female and diagnosed at a more advanced stage. Immunostaining followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis is an accurate and cost‐effective approach for diagnosis of Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma.
3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase: an essential actor in the biosynthesis of cantharidin in the blister beetle Epicauta chinensisLaporte
Authors: Lü S. , Jiang M. , Huo T. , Li X. , Zhang Y. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCantharidin (C10H12O4) is a monoterpene defensive toxin in insects involved in chemical defence as well as in courtship and mating behaviours. It is relatively well known in the medical literature because of its high anticancer activity and as an effective therapy for molluscum contagiosum. However, little is known about its biosynthesis pathway in vivo, and no enzyme involved in cantharidin biosynthesis has been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the crucial enzyme that is involved in the biosynthesis of cantharidin. Using the homology cloning method, a 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene, the rate‐limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, was cloned from the blister beetle Epicauta chinensis. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and gas chromatography methods revealed that the HMGR transcripts had a positive correlation with cantharidin production in the beetles (R = 0.891). RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of HMGR mRNA expression was achieved by microinjection of a specific double‐stranded RNA with more than 90% RNAi efficiency, and an apparent decrease of cantharidin production was observed. Furthermore, the HMGR mRNA was greatly upregulated by exogenous juvenile hormone III (JH III), and cantharidin production was also raised in males; however, when injecting the JH III with RNAi of HMGR mRNA at the same time, cantharidin production did not rise. These results demonstrate that HMGR is an essential enzyme in cantharidin biosynthesis in the blister beetle E. chinensis, which further verifies previous research results demonstrating that cantharidin is synthesized de novo by the mevalonate pathway in blister beetles.
A study on the survival of primary molars with intact and with defective restorations
Authors: Hilgert Leandro Augusto , Frencken Jo E. , de Amorim Rodrigo Guedes , Mulder Jan , Leal Soraya Coelho 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundFailed restorations in primary teeth are not always re‐restored. Is re‐restoration not required anymore?ObjectiveTo compare survival rates of primary molars with intact and defective amalgam andARTrestorations.MethodsA total of 649 restored primary molars, of which 162 were assessed with defective restorations for mechanical reasons, from a cluster‐randomised controlled clinical trial, were followed up over a period of 3.5 years. Restored primary molars, extracted because of dental sepsis or toothache, were considered a failure. Primary molars with defective restorations were followed up from the time they were assessed defective. Data were analysed usingPHREGmodel with frailty correction, Wald test, t‐test, and jackknife procedure.ResultsThe survival rate of primary molars with intact restorations (96.3%) was statistically significantly higher than that of primary molars with defective restorations (75.9%) over a 3‐year period (P< 0.0001). Neither the effect of treatment protocol (amalgam orART) (P= 0.05) nor the type of surface (single or multiple) (P= 0.73) was observed with respect to the survival rate of restored primary molars.ConclusionsSurvival rates for primary molars with intact and defective amalgam andARTrestorations were high. The 3‐year survival rate of primary molars with intact restorations was significantly higher than that of primary molars with defective restorations.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PETROGRAPHY AND MINERALOGY OF THE SHIBAYAMA CHONDRITE FOUND IN SHIBAYAMA‐MACHI, SANBU‐GUN, CHIBA‐KEN, JAPAN
Authors: Shima Masako , Murayama Sadao , Okada Akihiko 
Published: November 2015

In April 1969, the chondrite was accidentally found in the side wall of the vegetable storage excavated at Shibayama‐machi, Sanbu‐gun, Chiba‐ken, Japan, by Mr. A. Ishii and his grandson, Mr. S. Ito.The chondrite named Shibayama has been weathered thoroughly for a long period of burial underground.The bulk chemical composition, especially total Fe (21.41%) and ratios of Fetotal/SiO2(0.557), SiO2/MgO (1.59) and molar composition of olivine (Fa23) and pyroxene (Fs22) as well as mineral composition, indicate that Shibayama is a typical olivine‐hypersthene chondrite. If the oxidized Fe is assumed only from metallic Fe, the original metallic Fe (7.75%) and Femetal/Fetotal(0.361) also support the above conclusion.From the well‐recrystallized texture, indistinct and obliterated chondrule‐matrix boundary, homogeneous composition of olivine and pyroxene, absence of igneous glass, and interstitial and well‐developed plagioclase, this chondrite could be classified in petrologic type 6.Mosaic texture, kink bands, undulatory extinction of silicate grains and maskelynitization of plagioclase indicate that Shibayama suffered from a heavy shock effect, as is seen in other L‐6 group chondrites.
Repair of segmental mandibular bone defects in sheep using bone marrow stromal cells and autologous serum scaffold: a pilot study
Authors: Gallego Lorena , Pérez‐Basterrechea Marcos , García‐Consuegra Luis , Álvarez‐Viejo María , Megías Joaquim , Novoa Alba , Costilla Serafín , Meana Álvaro , Junquera Luis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate effective bone regeneration using an autologous serum scaffold (alone or seeded with autologous bone marrow‐mesenchymal stem cells, BM‐MSCs), when implanted in a 30 mm length segmental mandibular defect in sheep.Materials and MethodsThe bone defect was filled either with serum scaffold alone (control group; n = 5) or combined with BM‐MSCs (experimental group; n = 10). Bone regeneration was determined at 12 (T12; 2 control sheep and 4 experimental sheep) and 32 weeks (T32; 3 control and 6 experimental sheep), as measured by computed and microcomputed tomography and histological examination.ResultsTwo sheep of the Experimental group died after surgery. While complete bone union in the control group was only observed at T32, it was observed both at T12 (1/4 sheep) and T32 (3/4 sheep) in the experimental group. When properties/characteristics of new bone where compared, a better bone quality, similar to native bone, was observed in the scaffold combined with BM‐MSCs.ConclusionsBased on these results, we conclude that the serum scaffold can promote efficient repair of large bone defects, but the combination with BM‐MSCs accelerates this process, increasing significantly the amount and quality of bone formed.
The Prognostic Importance of Frailty in Cancer Survivors
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Harhay Michael O. , Harhay Meera N. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo quantify the prognostic importance of prefrailty and frailty in a population‐based sample of cancer survivors.DesignThe Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey mortality‐linked prospective cohort study.SettingEighty‐nine survey locations across the United States.ParticipantsPopulation‐based sample of older adults (average age 72.2) with a self‐reported diagnosis of non‐skin‐related cancer (N = 416).MeasurementsThe primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Frailty components included low weight for height, slow walking, weakness, exhaustion, and low physical activity. Participants with none of the five criteria were classified as nonfrail, those with one or two as prefrail, and those with three or more as frail.ResultsThe prevalence of prefrailty was 37.3% and of frailty was 9.1%. During a median follow‐up of 11.2 years, 319 (76.7%) participants died. Median survival was 13.9 years for participants classified as nonfrail, 9.5 years for those classified as prefrail, and 2.5 years for those classified as frail. Cancer survivors classified as prefrail (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28–2.65, P = .001) or frail (HR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.34–5.81, P = .006) had a higher risk of premature mortality than those classified as nonfrail.ConclusionPrefrailty and frailty are prevalent clinical syndromes that may confer greater risk of premature mortality in older adult cancer survivors. Identifying frail cancer survivors and targeting interventions for them may be a strategy to improve survival after cancer.
Methylomic Aging as a Window onto the Influence of Lifestyle: Tobacco and Alcohol Use Alter the Rate of Biological Aging
Authors: Beach Steven R. H. , Dogan Meeshanthini V. , Lei Man‐Kit , Cutrona Carolyn E. , Gerrard Meg , Gibbons Frederick X. , Simons Ronald L. , Brody Gene H. , Philibert Robert A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the relationship between alcohol and cigarette consumption on biological aging using deoxyribonucleic acid methylation‐based indices.DesignHierarchical linear regression modeling followed by fitting of higher‐order effects.SettingLongitudinal studies of aging and the effect of psychosocial stress.ParticipantsParticipants in two ethnically informative cohorts (n = 656 white, n = 180 black).MeasurementsDeviation of biological age from chronological age as a result of smoking and alcohol consumption.ResultsGreater cigarette consumption was associated with accelerated biological aging, with strong effects evident at even low levels of exposure. In contrast, alcohol consumption was associated with a mixed effect on biological aging and pronounced nonlinear effects. At low and heavy levels of alcohol consumption, there was accelerated biological aging, whereas at intermediate levels of consumption there was a relative decelerating effect. The decelerating effects of alcohol were particularly notable at loci for which methylation increased with age.ConclusionThese data support prior epidemiological studies indicating that moderate alcohol use is associated with healthy aging, but we urge caution in interpreting these results. Conversely, smoking has strong negative effects at all levels of consumption. These results also support the use of methylomic indices as a tool for assessing the impact of lifestyle on aging.
The ArabidopsisCROWDED NUCLEI genes regulate seed germination by modulating degradation of ABI5 protein
Authors: Zhao Wenming , Guan Chunmei , Feng Jian , Liang Yan , Zhan Ni , Zuo Jianru , Ren Bo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn Arabidopsis, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in inhibiting seed germination and in post‐germination seedling establishment. In the ABA signaling pathway, ABI5, a basic Leu zipper transcription factor, has important functions in the regulation of seed germination. ABI5 protein localizes in nuclear bodies, along with AFP, COP1, and SIZ1, and was degraded through the 26S proteasome pathway. However, the mechanisms of ABI5 nuclear body formation and ABI5 protein degradation remain obscure. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) proteins, predicted nuclear matrix proteins essential for maintenance of nuclear morphology, also participate in ABA‐controlled seed germination by regulating the degradation of ABI5 protein. During seed germination, the crwn mutants are hypersensitive to ABA and have higher levels of ABI5 protein compared to wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that CRWNs act upstream of ABI5. The observation that CRWN3 colocalizes with ABI5 in nuclear bodies indicates that CRWNs might participate in ABI5 protein degradation in nuclear bodies. Moreover, we revealed that the extreme C‐terminal of CRWN3 protein is necessary for its function in the response to ABA in germination. Our results suggested important roles of CRWNs in ABI5 nuclear body organization and ABI5 protein degradation during seed germination.
Super‐aperture metrology: overcoming a fundamental limit in imaging smooth highly curved surfaces
Authors: LIU J. , LIU C. , TAN J. , YANG B. , WILSON T. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe imaging of smooth, highly curved or tilted surfaces is widely recognized as one of the most challenging and unsolved problems in optical imaging and metrology today. The reason is that even when such surfaces are imaged using high aperture microscope objectives the steepness of the features causes the light to be reflected in such a way that it is not captured by the lens. This is true even in the limiting case of unity numerical aperture since the illuminating light may also be reflected in the forward direction. In order to overcome this fundamental problem we have developed a method whereby such specimens are covered with a readily removable organic fluorescent film thereby creating an isotropic scattering surface. We show that we are readily able to detect slopes with angles close 90° using a 0.75 NA objective – an 82% improvement over the theoretical aperture limit. Issues of variation in film thickness deposition are shown to be readily accommodated. This approach may be used with other fluorophore materials, organic or inorganic, since there is no need for biocompatibility in this application.
Morphology of splenocaval congenital portosystemic shunts in dogs and cats
Authors: White R. N. , Parry A. T. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVETo describe the anatomy of congenital portosystemic shunts involving the splenic vein communicating with the caudal vena cava at the level of the epiploic foramen.MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective review of a consecutive series of dogs and cats managed for congenital portosystemic shunts.RESULTSNinety‐eight dogs and eight cats met the inclusion criteria of a congenital portosystemic shunt involving the splenic vein communicating with the prehepatic caudal vena cava plus recorded intra‐operative mesenteric portovenography or computed tomography angiography and gross observations at surgery. All cases (both dogs and cats) had a highly consistent shunt that involved a distended gastrosplenic vein that communicated with the caudal vena cava at the level of the epiploic foramen via an anomalous left gastric vein.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe morphology of the shunt type described appeared to be a result of an abnormal communication between the left gastric vein and the caudal vena cava and the subsequent development of preferential blood flow through an essentially normal portal venous system. The abnormal communication (shunt) was through the left gastric vein and not the splenic vein, as might have been expected. This information may help with surgical planning in cases undergoing shunt closure surgery.
Radiation Dose to the Penile Structures and Patient-Reported Sexual Dysfunction in Long-Term Prostate Cancer Survivors
Authors: Thor Maria , Olsson Caroline E. , Oh Jung Hun , Alsadius David , Pettersson Niclas , Deasy Joseph O. , Steineck Gunnar 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
The involvement of various penile structures in radiotherapy (RT)-induced sexual dysfunction among prostate cancer survivors remains unclear and domains beyond erectile dysfunction such as orgasm, and pain have typically not been considered. The purpose of this study was to investigate sexual dysfunction post-RT for localized prostate cancer and to examine whether radiation dose to different penile structures can explain these symptoms.

Methods
We investigated sexual dysfunction in two treated prostate cancer cohorts and in one non-pelvic-irradiated cohort, 328 sexually active men part of an unselected, population-based study conducted in 2008. The treated subjects were prescribed primary/salvage external-beam RT to 70 Gy@2.0 Gy/fraction. Absorbed RT doses (Dmean and Dmax) of the corpora cavernosa (CC), the penile bulb (PB), and the total penile structure (CC + PB) were related to 13 patient-reported symptoms on sexual dysfunction by means of factor analysis (FA) and logistic regression.

Results
Three distinct symptom domains were identified across all cohorts: “erectile dysfunction” (ED, two to five symptoms), “orgasmic dysfunction” (OD, two to four symptoms), and “pain” (two to three symptoms). The strongest predictor for ED symptoms was CC + PB Dmax (P = 0.001–0.03), CC and PB Dmean predicted OD symptoms equally well (P = 0.03 and 0.02–0.05, respectively), and the strongest predictor for pain symptoms was CC + PB Dmean (P = 0.02–0.03).

Conclusion
Sexual dysfunction following RT was separated into three main domains with symptoms related to erectile dysfunction, orgasmic dysfunction, and pain. Chances for intact sexual functionality may be increased if dose to the total penile structure can be restricted for these domains in the planning of RT.
15‐F2t‐Isoprostane Concentrations and Oxidant Status in Lactating Dairy Cattle with Acute Coliform Mastitis
Authors: Mavangira V. , Mangual M.J. , Gandy J.C. , Sordillo L.M. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSevere mammary tissue damage during acute coliform mastitis in cattle is partially caused by oxidative stress. Although considered a gold standard biomarker in some human conditions, the utility of 15‐F2t‐Isoprostanes (15‐F2t‐Isop) in detecting oxidative stress in dairy cattle has not been validated.HypothesisConcentrations of 15‐F2t‐Isop in plasma, urine, and milk correlate with changes in oxidant status during severe coliform mastitis in cattle.AnimalsEleven lactating Holstein‐Friesian dairy cows in their 3rd–6th lactation.MethodsA case–control study using cows with acute coliform mastitis and matched healthy controls were enrolled into this study. Measures of inflammation, oxidant status, and redox status in plasma and milk samples were quantified using commercial assays. Plasma, urine, and milk 15‐F2t‐Isop were quantified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) and ELISA assays. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum tests (α = 0.05).ResultsPlasma 15‐F2t‐Isop quantified by LC‐MS/MS was positively correlated with systemic oxidant status (r = 0.83; P = .01). Urine 15‐F2t‐Isop quantified by LC‐MS/MS did not correlate with systemic oxidant status, but was negatively correlated with redox status variables (r = −0.83; P = .01). Milk 15‐F2t‐Isop quantified by LC‐MS/MS was negatively correlated (r = −0.86; P = .007) with local oxidant status. Total 15‐F2t‐Isop in milk quantified by a commercial ELISA (cbELISA) was positively correlated with oxidant status in milk (r = 0.98; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceFree plasma 15‐F2t‐Isop quantified by LC‐MS/MS and total milk 15‐F2t‐Isop quantified by cbELISA are accurate biomarkers of systemic and mammary gland oxidant status, respectively. Establishing reference intervals for free and total 15‐F2t‐Isops for evaluating oxidative stress in dairy cows should currently be based on the LC‐MS/MS method.