bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying Dynamical Principles of Human Locomotion using Inverse Optimal Control
Authors: Clever Debora , Hatz Kathrin , Mombaur Katja 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHuman movement, as for example human gait, can be considered as an optimal realization of some given task. However, the criterion for which the naturally performed human motion is optimal, is generally not known. In this article we formulate an inverse optimal control problem to study the relevance of four different optimization criteria in human locomotion. As a walking model we use an actuated three dimensional spring loaded inverted pendulum (3D‐SLIP), which is able to mirror the typical shape of the center of mass trajectory in human gait. Using a direct all‐at‐once approach, the weighting of the optimization criteria and the position of the footsteps are optimized in such a way, that the center of mass trajectory of the resulting optimal state fits real motion capture data as good as possible. Numerical experiments show, that whereas the so called capture point seems to have a great impact on human walking, minimization of the vertical center of mass movement does not show any relevance at all. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Canonical Wiener–Hopf and spectral factorization of large‐degree matrix polynomials
Authors: Böttcher Albrecht , Halwass Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a novel Newton method for canonical Wiener–Hopf and spectral factorization of matrix polynomials. The initial vector results from solving a block Toeplitz‐like system, and the Jacobi matrix governing the Newton iteration has nice structural and numerical properties. The local quadratic convergence of the method is proved and was tested numerically. For scalar polynomials of degree 20000, a superfast version of the method implemented on a laptop typically reqired about half a minute to produce an initial vector and then performed the Newton iteration within one second. In the matrix case, the method worked reproachless on a laptop with 8 Gigabyte RAM if the degree of the polynomial times the squared matrix dimension did not exceed 20000. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
FETI‐DP with different scalings for adaptive coarse spaces
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Radtke Patrick , Rheinbach Oliver 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn adaptive coarse space for the FETI‐DP domain decomposition method based on generalized eigenvalue problems is presented. For details on the FETI‐DP algorithm, see, e.g., [1]. The method is a variation of a method proposed in [2, 3], where deluxe scaling was used. Here, an extension is presented, which allows several other scalings. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Space–time DG methods for the coupled electro–mechanical activation of the human heart
Authors: Karabelas Elias , Steinbach Olaf 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe consider the coupled system of time–dependent nonlinear partial differential equations modeling the electromechanical response of human heart tissue. Instead of time–stepping schemes we use a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method in the space–time domain to be able to resolve the solution in space and time simultaneously. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some common properties of certain continual and discrete convolutions
Authors: Vasilyev Alexander , Vasilyev Vladimir 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe consider discrete analogues of general Calderon–Zygmund operators and study their Fredholm properties in corresponding discrete spaces. We give also a comparison between discrete and continual cases. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Towards an AD based diagnosis of singularities of DAEs
Authors: Lamour René , Estévez Schwarz Diana 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe detection of singular points of DAEs is a challenging task, which has not been sufficiently considered so far. Combining automatic differentiation (AD) with the projector based analysis of DAEs, it becomes possible to monitor singularities while integrating the DAE. In this brief outline we restrict our considerations to linear DAEs. The corresponding treatment of nonlinear DAEs is based on linearization and can be found in the cited literature. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of Two Suboptimal Sensor Placement Strategies in Thermo‐Elastic Models
Authors: Herzog Roland , Riedel Ilka 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe are interested in thermo‐elastic deformations of solid bodies, in particular of machine tools. The goal is to estimate the displacement at a certain point of interest from a few temperature measurements. We present a method to find nearly optimal sensor positions, which allow an accurate and robust estimation. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solution of large scale parametric eigenvalue problems arising from brake squeal modeling
Authors: Quraishi Sarosh , Schröder Christian , Mehrmann Volker 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present a proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based approach for the accurate solution of parametric eigenvalue problems arising from brake squeal modeling. We compare this approach to a traditional method based on modal decomposition which is very popular in industry. The proposed approach is more accurate than the traditional method especially for parametric studies and for studying non‐proportionally damped systems. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed Solution of Constrained Optimal Control Problems Using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers
Authors: Hentzelt Sebastian , Maucher Robert , Käpernick Bartosz , Graichen Knut 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMany control problems in science and engineering can be formulated as optimal control problems (OCP) such as load changes in process control or point‐to‐point motion of industrial robots in a time‐optimal or energy‐optimal way while accounting for physical or security constraints. Hence, an efficient way to handle constrained OCPs is an important topic of research. A promising approach to address this issue is a transformation technique allowing to reformulate an inequality constrained OCP into an equality constrained counterpart. The reformulated OCP reveals to possess a particular structure that is favorable for a decomposition and the application of distributed optimization methods. Motivated by the Augmented Lagrangian approach, the structure of the reformulated OCP can be exploited to derive a decomposition method for splitting up the entire OCP into smaller subproblems. In addition, an algorithm is presented that follows the ideas of the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and solves the resulting subproblems in a distributed manner. The approach is applied to a mechatronic example system to demonstrate the performance of the presented method. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Platform‐independent Description of Imaging Algorithms
Authors: Köstler Harald 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the last years real‐time imaging and more complex models for the various imaging applications became feasible mostly because of the progress made in parallel computer architectures like found in GPUs and modern multi‐core CPUs. However, the implementation effort increases, if one wants to achieve good performance. A solution to this problem is to formulate the imaging algorithms in an abstract way in a domain‐specific language (DSL) and then automatically generate efficient C++ or CUDA code. A multi‐layered approach is sketched that allows users to describe applications in a natural way from the mathematical model down to the program specification. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Short Communication: Curvature Approximation in Images
Authors: Nagler Johannes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe consider discrete planar curves as they appear in segmented images. In the literature, the curvature of such curves is often estimated via B‐spline approximations or by interpolation schemes, while to the best of our knowledge current methods lack of a proof of convergence, see [2, 3]. We will not only proof the convergence of our method in the uniform norm for smooth curves, we will also show that our method is able to detect critical points (C2‐singularities) of our given discrete data, i.e., points where the curvature is undefined. The main idea is to approximate the curve such that the shape of the curve is preserved. Here, we use the Schoenberg splines because of the freedom to choose the knots arbitrarily and because of their variation‐diminishing property that leads to an approximation which preserves positivity, monotonicity and convexity. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On Unconditionally Positivity Preserving and Conservative Methods for Systems of Advection‐Diffusion‐Reaction Equations
Authors: Gobbert Matthias K. , Meister Andreas , Wallbaum Sven 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAn unconditionally positivity preserving finite difference scheme (UPFD) for systems of advection‐diffusion‐reaction equations with non‐linear reaction terms is proposed. A modified Patankar approach is employed with respect to the reaction part in order to ensure both conservativity and positivity without any additional constraints on the time step size. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A regular analogue of Smilansky model
Authors: Exner Pavel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this note we review several recent results describing a two‐dimensional Schrödinger operator with a potential unbounded from below which can be understood as a regular version of Smilansky model. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stability for Lie–Trotter products for some operator matrix semigroups
Authors: Bátkai András , Csomós Petra , Engel Klaus‐Jochen , Farkas Bálint 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCoupled systems of linear differential equations in Banach spaces can be often handled by the theory of C0‐semigroups of operator matrices. We study the stability of Lie–Trotter products of such matrix semigroups, and present three classes of examples (abstract delay equations, abstract inhomogeneous equations, abstract dynamic boundary value problems) and some open problems. This survey is based on the papers [1], [2] and [5], to which we refer the interested reader for more details and extensive bibliographical information. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dichotomy, bisectorial operators and unbounded spectral projections
Authors: Winklmeier Monika , Wyss Christian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor an operator having a uniformly bounded resolvent on a strip around the imaginary axis, the existence of—possibly unbounded—spectral projections corresponding to the left and right half‐plane is proved. The operator is dichotomous if these projections are bounded, and an abstract perturbation theorem for dichotomy is derived. All results apply, with certain simplifications, to bisectorial operators. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Crystalline and Isoperimetric Square Configurations
Authors: Mainini Edoardo , Piovano Paolo , Stefanelli Ulisse 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe present crystallization results for planar atomic interactions governed by two‐ and three‐body terms with the resulting periodicity being that of the square lattice. The emergence of a (square) Wulff shape for ground states is established by showing the optimality of ground‐state configurations in terms of a discrete isoperimetric inequality. Furthermore, an n3/4 law for the deviation from the asymptotic Wulff shape is established with an explicit constant for the leading term. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Utilisation of psychosocial and informational services in immigrant and non‐immigrant German cancer survivors
Authors: Zeissig Sylke Ruth , Singer Susanne , Koch Lena , Zeeb Hajo , Merbach Martin , Bertram Heike , Eberle Andrea , Schmid‐Höpfner Sieglinde , Holleczek Bernd , Waldmann Annika , Arndt Volker 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveWe examined psychosocial and informational services used by long‐term survivors of breast, colon and prostate cancer in immigrants versus non‐immigrants.MethodsPatients were sampled from population‐based cancer registries in Germany. They completed a questionnaire assessing immigration biography, service use and socio‐demographic characteristics.ResultsData of 6143 cancer survivors were collected of whom 383 (6%) were immigrants. There was no evidence of an association between immigration status and service use. However, immigration biography played a role when patients' and their parents' birthplace were taken into account. When parents were born outside Europe, survivors less frequently used information from the Internet (ORadj 0.4, 95% CI 0.2; 0.8). Web‐based information (ORadj 0.7, 95% CI 0.5; 0.9) was less frequently used when the participant was born outside Germany.ConclusionThe differences in the use of psychosocial and informational services between immigrants and non‐immigrants seem to be generally small. Acculturation may play a role in service uptake. In survey‐based health services research, investigators should not stratify by census‐defined immigration status, but rather by cultural background. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A realistic leverage point for one‐planet living: more compulsory vacation in the rich world
Authors: Randers Jorgen 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe critical challenge in reaching global sustainability is limiting the human ecological footprint, pushing it below the carrying capacity of the planet. This task can only be achieved in two ways: by reducing the population or reducing the footprint per person. Since 1970 there has been rapid progress on the first front; fertility has dropped impressively as a result of more education, maternal health and contraception. There has also been some progress on the second front: technological advances and behavioral changes have been able to keep the footprint per person relatively stable in the rich world, in spite of a doubling of the GDP per person. But more is needed to achieve outright reduction of the footprint of those at high income levels. Sadly, measures to reduce those footprints are normally rejected by voters, because they involve costs, such as higher taxes, in the short term. Among the possible solutions, one stands out as a promising leverage point: reducing the length of the work year (the average number of hours worked for pay per person per year) over the coming decades. If the work year were shortened in an orderly manner, it would ultimately reduce annual production, consumption and the ecological footprint. Importantly, such gradual shortening of the work year could find majority support if it were introduced as a gradual increase in annual leave—for example, by adding two extra vacation days every year for several decades. It is rational to start this effort in the rich world, and system dynamicists have a role to play in getting voters to understand and adopt the leverage point of " more compulsory vacation in the rich world" . Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
Rigid 1D Coordination Polymers with Tunable Metal Cation and Chiral Pendant Moieties
Authors: Zavakhina Marina S. , Samsonenko Denis G. , Dybtsev Danil N. , Fedin Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of homochiral chain coordination polymers, based on structurally robust 4,4′‐bipyridyl (bpy) linker with tunable 3d metal cations (Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+) and chiral auxiliary ligands (R‐3‐chloromandelate, S‐3‐phenyllactate, and S‐3,3‐dimethyllactate) were synthesized and characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Complexes with chloromandelate and dimethyllactate ligands are the first structurally characterized coordination compounds of such chiral molecules. All the compounds are based on robust chain motifs {M(bpy)}∞, decorated with chiral acid residues and other ligands. One structure represents a rare example of a triple‐chained ribbon (double ladder), while five others are nearly isostructural, featuring rigid metal‐organic chains, decorated by chiral pendant ligands.
A phase 1 dose escalation study of BI 831266, an inhibitor of Aurora kinase B, in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Dittrich Christian , Fridrik Michael A. , Koenigsberg Robert , Lee Chooi , Goeldner Rainer-Georg , Hilbert James , Greil Richard 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPurpose BI 831266 is a potent, selective, low-molecular-weight inhibitor of Aurora kinase B. This trial aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of BI 831266 in patients with advanced solid tumors (NCT00756223; EudraCT 2008-001631-36; 1257.1). Methods BI 831266 (4–130 mg) was administered over 24 h on days 1 and 15 of a 4-week schedule. A modified 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was utilized to evaluate the MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, objective response rate, progression-free survival (PFS) and exploratory biomarkers were secondary endpoints. Results Twenty-five patients received BI 831266. The most frequent tumor type was colorectal cancer (48 %). One patient (130 mg) experienced a dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 febrile neutropenia. The trial was prematurely terminated (sponsor decision) without further dose-escalation. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were fatigue (20 %), neutropenia, alopecia (16 % each), anemia, dry skin, and nausea (12 % each). Treatment-related grade ≥3 AEs were neutropenia (12 %), anemia (8 %), and febrile neutropenia (4 %); 15 patients experienced serious AEs. High variability in the pharmacokinetic profiles precluded definitive pharmacokinetic conclusions. Exploratory biomarker determination revealed consistency with the mode of action as an Aurora kinase B inhibitor. One patient (4 %; 32 mg) with cervical cancer demonstrated a confirmed partial response (duration 141 days, PFS 414 days). Four patients had stable disease. Conclusion The MTD of BI 831266 was not reached because of early trial termination. BI 831266 demonstrated a generally manageable safety profile and signs of antitumor activity in some patients’ solid tumors.
Oral sodium phosphate for bowel preparation in endoscopic submucosal dissection training in a pig model: A pilot study
Authors: Hung Chien‐Yuan , Chen Ming‐Jen , Chen Chih‐Jen , Liu Chia‐Yuan , Shih Shou‐Chuan , Hu Kuang‐Chun , Wang Horng‐Yuan 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe technical complexity of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) demands adequate training to lower the surgical risks. The diameter and mucosal structure of the porcine colon is similar to the human colon making the pig a good animal for colonoscopic procedure training. However, a standardized animal bowel preparation used in colonic ESD training has not been established.MethodsColonoscopic procedures were performed in 12 pigs, divided into four groups. The control group (Group 1) fasted and received no preprocedure preparation. Group 2 received a single dose of sodium phosphate 2 mL/kg; Group 3 and Group 4 received split doses of sodium phosphate (2 mL/kg and 4 mL/kg, respectively). An experienced endoscopist, blinded to the preparation method, assigned a score from excellent (4 points) to poor (1 point) at five regions of the colon. The final mean bowle cleansing score was calculated from five regions in each pig. Serum biochemistry and electrolyte levels were analyzed.ResultsThe different doses of sodium phosphate preparations did not change the serum glucose, creatinine, sodium, potassium, calcium, or phosphorus levels. The colonic cleansing scores in Group 1 (1.3 ± 0.4; mean ± standard deviation) and Group 2 (1.5 ± 0.2) were lower than those of Group 3 (2.6 ± 0.6) and Group 4 (3 ± 0.2).ConclusionThe use of oral sodium phosphate is easy and safe in porcine bowel preparation for ESD training. Bowel preparation using a split dose of 2 mL/kg or 4 mL/kg sodium phosphate produces an adequate bowel cleansing. The optimal dosage still needs to be established in a large‐scale study.
THE BREUIL–MÉZARD CONJECTURE FOR POTENTIALLY
BARSOTTI–TATE REPRESENTATIONS
Authors: GEE TOBY , KISIN MARK 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We prove the Breuil–Mézard conjecture for two-dimensional potentially
Barsotti–Tate representations of the absolute Galois group

$G_{K}$

,

$K$

a finite extension of

$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

, for any

$p>2$

(up to the question of determining precise values
for the multiplicities that occur). In the case that

$K/\mathbb{Q}_{p}$

is unramified, we also determine most of the
multiplicities. We then apply these results to the weight part of Serre’s
conjecture, proving a variety of results including the
Buzzard–Diamond–Jarvis conjecture.
Rebuilding the Nation: On Architecture and the Aesthetics of Constitutionalism in South African Literature
Authors: Anker Elizabeth S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe South African Constitution is widely regarded as one of the world’s most progressive, and this essays looks to a series of novels concerned with the nation’s transition beyond apartheid in order to examine the challenges of transformative constitutionalism. Through readings of Nadine Gordimer’sNone to Accompany Me, Zakes Mda’sWays of Dying, and Ivan Vladislavic’sThe Folly,1it explores the prevalence of the language and imagery of architecture in describing national rebuilding and South African constitutional jurisprudence alike. The essay ultimately argues, however, that the architectural metaphor casts post-apartheid recovery as a success story that belies political and economic reality.
LINEAR AND PROJECTIVE BOUNDARY OF NILPOTENT GROUPS
Authors: KRÖN BERNHARD , LEHNERT JÖRG , SEIFTER NORBERT , TEUFL ELMAR 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe define a pseudometric on the set of all unbounded subsets of a metric space. The Kolmogorov quotient of this pseudometric space is a complete metric space. The definition of the pseudometric is guided by the principle that two unbounded subsets have distance 0 whenever they stay sublinearly close. Based on this pseudometric we introduce and study a general concept of boundaries of metric spaces. Such a boundary is the closure of a subset in the Kolmogorov quotient determined by an arbitrarily chosen family of unbounded subsets. Our interest lies in those boundaries which we get by choosing unbounded cyclic sub(semi)groups of a finitely generated group (or more general of a compactly generated, locally compact Hausdorff group). We show that these boundaries are quasi-isometric invariants and determine them in the case of nilpotent groups as a disjoint union of certain spheres (or projective spaces). In addition we apply this concept to vertex-transitive graphs with polynomial growth and to random walks on nilpotent groups.
A rare case of subglottic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: managed with the aim of organ preservation
Authors: Jain A , Singh S N , Singhal P , Sharma M P 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm rarely diagnosed in the larynx. Traditionally, it has been treated by radical surgery (i.e. total laryngectomy), followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy. Recent advances suggest that it may be treated with combination therapy comprising high-dose radiation and pulse chemotherapy, with a high success rate.Case report:We report the first documented case of subglottic embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an adolescent female treated with chemoradiation alone, and review the literature reflecting a move towards organ preservation.Conclusion:While surgery has been successfully used to treat this neoplasm, combination therapy, as described in our study, also seems effective and has the added advantage of preserving laryngeal function.