bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis on the entity annotations in biological corpora
Authors: Neves Mariana 
Published: June 2014

Collection of documents annotated with semantic entities and relationships are crucial resources to support development and evaluation of text mining solutions for the biomedical domain. Here I present an overview of 36 corpora and show an analysis on the semantic annotations they contain. Annotations for entity types were classified into six semantic groups and an overview on the semantic entities which can be found in each corpus is shown. Results show that while some semantic entities, such as genes, proteins and chemicals are consistently annotated in many collections, corpora available for diseases, variations and mutations are still few, in spite of their importance in the biological domain.
Twice versus three-times weekly pulmonary rehabilitation in a real-life clinical setting
Authors: Lewis Keir , Thatcher Lucy , Davies Carol-Anne , Hodgson Patricia , Llewellyn-Jones Carol , Hutchings Hayley 
Published: June 2014

Aim: Our aim was to compare a less intensive but longer pulmonary rehabilitation programme (PRP) against a more intensive but shorter PRP.Methods: We carried out an observational, cohort study in a real-life clinical setting in patients primarily with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We compared standard outcomes in patients who were receiving 18 sessions of PRP delivered twice weekly over 9 weeks (Group 1) against similar patients receiving an identical PRP delivered three times weekly over 6 weeks (Group 2). Outcome measures were the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT) and the number of hospital bed-days pre- and post-PRP.Results: Both groups showed statistically significant and clinically important improvements post-PRP. The largest effects were seen immediately post-PRP and waned over the following 12 months. Group 1 showed a larger improvement in ISWT immediately post-PRP (Group 1, +92 m versus Group 2 +64 m (p=0.001), but there were no differences between groups at 6 (p=0.67) or 12 months (p=0.96). There were no differences in SGRQ between groups immediately post-PRP (p=0.09) or at 12 months (p=0.78). There were no differences between groups in the number of hospital days 12 months prior to PRP versus 12 months post-PRP (p=0.18).Conclusion: Twice weekly outpatient, multidisciplinary PRP over 9 weeks is as effective as three times weekly PRP over 6 weeks.
Transient acid treatment cannot induce neonatal somatic cells to become pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Tang Mei Kuen , Lo Lok Man , Shi Wen Ting , Yao Yao , Lee Henry Siu Sum , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho 
Published: June 2014

Currently, there are genetic- and chemical-based methods for producing pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, but all of them are extremely inefficient. However, a simple and efficient technique has recently been reported by Obokata et al (2014a, b) that creates pluripotent stem cells through acid-based treatment of somatic cells. These cells were named stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (STAP) stem cells. This would be a major game changer in regenerative medicine if the results could be independently replicated. Hence, we isolated CD45+ splenocytes from five-day-old Oct4-GFP mice and treated the cells with acidified (pH 5.7) Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) for 25 min, using the methods described by Obokata et al 2014c. However, we found that this method did not induce the splenocytes to express the stem cell marker Oct4-GFP when observed under a confocal microscope three to six days after acid treatment. qPCR analysis also confirmed that acid treatment did not induce the splenocytes to express the stemness markers Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog. In addition, we obtained similar results from acid-treated Oct4-GFP lung fibroblasts. In summary, we have not been able to produce STAP stem cells from neonatal splenocytes or lung fibroblasts using the acid-based treatment reported by Obokata et al (2014a, b, c).
Facilitators and Barriers to Physical Activity as Perceived by Older Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: van Schijndel-Speet Marieke , Evenhuis Heleen M. , van Wijck Ruud , van Empelen Pepijn , Echteld Michael A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Older people with intellectual disability (ID) are characterized by low physical activity (PA) levels. PA is important for reducing health risks and maintaining adequate fitness levels for performing activities of daily living. The aim of this study was to explore preferences of older adults with ID for specific physical activities, and to gain insight into facilitators and barriers to engaging into PA. Fourteen in-depth interviews and four focus groups were undertaken, with a total of 40 older adults with mild and moderate ID included in the analysis. NVivo software was used for analysing the transcribed verbatim interviews. In total, 30 codes for facilitators and barriers were identified. Themes concerning facilitators to PA were enjoyment, support from others, social contact and friendship, reward, familiarity, and routine of activities. Themes concerning barriers to PA were health and physiological factors, lack of self-confidence, lack of skills, lack of support, transportation problems, costs, and lack of appropriate PA options and materials. The results of the present study suggest that older adults with ID may benefit from specific PA programs, adapted to their individual needs and limitations. Results can be used for developing feasible health promotion programs for older adults with ID.
‘Not a museum piece’: Exploring the ‘special’ occupational culture of religious broadcasting in Britain
Authors: Noonan Caitriona 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Religion is often regarded as posing a distinct challenge to the occupational norms of cultural production and journalism due to its subjectivities and complexities. Based on research with staff involved in the production of content for BBC television and radio, this article explores the occupational context in which they work. In particular, it focuses on the experiences and strategies of the BBC’s Department of Religion and Ethics as it attempts to secure its survival as an autonomous production unit. This group of executives, producers, presenters and production staff are in many ways unique because of the professional and social role that they fulfil, most notably through the close historical and ideological ties between religion and the principles of public service.
This research finds a distinct professional identity built around a fusion of public service logic and commercialism, along with the mobilization of specialist knowledge. This allows the department to symbolically and discursively separate itself from other actors in this field as it attempts to reinforce religious broadcasting’s professional distinctiveness at a crucial time in the survival of the unit and to highlight the uniqueness of religion as a topic within cultural production.
Catharsis in inuit art: A way to heal wounds
Authors: Duchemin-Pelletier Florence 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Contemporary Inuit Art is often perceived as either a romantic form of creation or a commercially aggressive industry. Yet it appears that art played more than a simple economic role in the Inuit history, and that a small percentage of the Arctic production, lesser-known to wide audiences, has been dealing with intimate as well as collective issues for the last twenty years. This article intends to reconsider the social impact of Inuit art, both at its beginnings in the 1950s and today. A selection of works by Inuit artists, who were subjected to trauma and tried to expel it through the creative process, will follow a reminder of the policies launched after the World War II by the federal government. The cathartic process itself and its intrinsic difficulties will also be considered. Art will finally be questioned as a way to untie tongues and create a dialogue towards healing.
'For You The War Is Over': An airman remembers
Authors: McCracken Lloyd C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Lloyd C. McCracken grew up in a rural community on Canada's east coast. As a teenager, with the World War II entering its peak, he volunteered for the Royal Canadian Air Force as a tail gunner, a job with extreme hazards. Fifty years later, in 1992, McCracken produced this remembrance of his time in the Air Force - his training, hair-raising sorties over Germany and, especially, two years he spent as a POW in a German prisoners of war camp. This text now includes associated documents and photographs. His story reveals a human phenomenon that we nevertheless fail to understand - our uncanny ability to adjust to the inconceivable. Our ability to hold it, live in it, relay it. As his story recounts, McCracken had plenty of traumatic experiences. Yet, his descriptions of these experiences expose details without registering their effects. For readers, comprehension of the emotional happens elsewhere - above and around the words - in envisioning the effect of these experiences on McCracken and his family. Understanding is only discoverable in the text's resignation, its absences, its restraint.
Optimal capital-income taxation in a model with credit frictions
Authors: Abo-Zaid Salem 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe optimality of the long-run capital-income tax rate is revisited in a simple neoclassical growth model with credit frictions. Firms pay their factors of production in advance, which requires borrowing at the beginning of the period. Borrowing, in turn, is constrained by the value of collateral that they own at the beginning of the period, leading to inefficiently low amounts of capital and labor. In this environment, the optimal capital-income tax in the steady state is non zero. Specifically, the quantitative analyses show that the capital-income tax is negative and, therefore, the distortions stemming from the credit friction are offset by subsidizing capital. However, when the government cannot distinguish between capital-income and profits, the capital-income tax is positive as the government levies the same tax rate on both sources of income. These results stand in contrast to the celebrated result of zero capital-income taxation of Judd (Judd, K. 1985. “Redistributive Taxation in a Simple Perfect Foresight Model.”
Fichtes Umbildung der transzendentalen Logik zu einer philosophischen Handlungstheorie
Authors: Irrlitz Gerd 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper interprets Fichte’s transformation of the Enlightenment’s idea of self-consciousness into the concept of the ego as a transformation of transcendental logic into a philosophical theory of action. This transformation was of central importance for his critique of Kant as well as his rejection of both Schelling’s and Hegel’s ontologies of spirit, whose post-revolutionary determinism Fichte repudiated. Fichte developed his theory of action under the social premise of preindustrial labor, accentuating that social symmetry should be maintained against the tendency of property concentration amongst private property owners. His transformation of the concept of rationality (attained through transcendental logic) into a relational differentiation of the subject (1), its objectification (2), and the synthesis of both as an alteration between acting and suffering (3) open the path from an as yet - in terms of its presuppositions - monological concept of self-consciousness to a structural concept of action.
Die Objektivität einer Moral der sorgenden Achtung für menschliche Lebewesen
Authors: Sydow Björn 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The paper starts with the intuition that morality basically consists in a caring respect for human beings: Moral subjects have to respect human beings in their individual human potential, and they have to do whatever is necessary for this potential to be realized. The main aim of the paper is to defend the claim that this understanding of morality is connected with objectivity as a formal feature of morality. I begin by considering constructivist and cooperation-based accounts of morality. Their explanation of moral objectivity is not compatible with caring respect as fundamental content of morality. (1) Thus, in order to argue for my claim I have to put this explanation of moral objectivity into question. To do so, I turn to its action theoretic background. Since this background consists in a dualistic understanding of action I sketch and argue for a non-dualistic alternative based on the notion of practical conceptual capacities. (2 & 3) This understanding of human agency leads to the conception of objectively good actions in which the subject is determined by the reality of bodily substances. (4) In the final section, I propose to conceive of human beings as a certain kind of bodily substances, namely as bearers of conceptual capacities. Consequently, moral actions can be seen as a certain type of objectively good actions. These actions correspond to what has to be done out of caring respect because this is exactly what bodily substances with conceptual capacities oblige moral subjects to do. (5)
Facile synthesis of substituted dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles through enaminones of 4-thiazolidinones
Authors: Gautam Poonam , Chaudhary R. P. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A short two-step synthesis of substituted dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles from 4-thiazolidinones is described. 4-Thiazolidinones are easily synthesized by the reaction of thiosemicarbazones of carbonyl compounds and chloroacetic acid. Upon treatment with Lawesson’s reagent and dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal, 5-dimethylaminomethylene-3-methylthiazolidine-4-thiones are formed, which undergo condensation with hydrazine derivatives to furnish substituted dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazoles. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by elemental analysis and analysis of spectral data.
Effects of sanding parameters on sanding force and normal force in sanding wood-based panels
Authors: Luo Bin , Li Li , Liu Hongguang , Wang Mingzhi , Xu Meijun , Xing Fangru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The proper parameters of sanding with abrasive sanding machine are significant to reduce energy consumption and to improve processing efficiency and quality. The parameters sanding speed, feed speed, and granularity have been investigated in terms of the sanding force (sF) and normal force (nF) for particle board (PB) and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). For PB, the sF and nF show decreasing trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and linear increase when feed speed increases. The sF and nF are almost constant when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces show increasing trends of second power when granularity increases from 80 to 150. For MDF, the sF and nF change as trends of second power with increasing sanding speed and increase in trends of second power with increasing feed speed. The sF and nF force decrease when granularity increases from 40 to 80, but these forces present linear increasing trends when granularity increases from 80 to 150.
Investigation into Cause of High Temperature Failure of Boiler Superheater Tube
Authors: Ghosh D. , Ray S. , Roy H. , Shukla A. K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe failure of the boiler tubes occur due to various reasons like creep, fatigue, corrosion and erosion. This paper highlights a case study of typical premature failure of a final superheater tube of 210 MW thermal power plant boiler. Visual examination, dimensional measurement, chemical analysis, oxide scale thickness measurement, microstructural examination are conducted as part of the investigations. Apart from these investigations, sulfur print, Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X ray diffraction analysis (XRD) are also conducted to ascertain the probable cause of failure of final super heater tube. Finally it has been concluded that the premature failure of the super heater tube can be attributed to the combination of localized high tube metal temperature and loss of metal from the outer surface due to high temperature corrosion. The corrective actions have also been suggested to avoid this type of failure in near future.
Environmental Security and Climate Change: A Link to Homeland Security
Authors: Butts Kent Hughes 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIt is time to broaden our thinking on the concept of homeland security and recognize the degree to which environmental security, and in particular climate change, affects US homeland security equities. Understanding how environmental security became a national security issue may be beneficial as the homeland security community seeks to understand the emerging issue of climate change and strategic documents linking climate change and homeland security.
Investigate the Effect of Line Width at Various Laser Sources on FWM Power in WDM System
Authors: Kaur Veerpal , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh , Kaur Amrit 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the dominating effect of four wave mixing is analysed with line width of laser source in wave length division multiplexed system. Power of FWM signal is minimum, Q factor maximum and bit error rate is minimized at optimized value of line width at all laser source power.
Sarcoidosis and pregnancy: obstetrical and neonatal outcomes in a population-based cohort of 7 million births
Authors: Hadid Vicky , Patenaude Valerie , Oddy Lisa , Abenhaim Haim A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Objectives: Data on sarcoidosis in pregnancy is sparse and limited to a few case reports and series. Our aim is to determine the prevalence of sarcoidosis at delivery, and related maternal and newborn outcomes.

Study design: Using the United States Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS) from 2003 to 2010, we conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to compare women with and without sarcoidosis at delivery. We calculated the prevalence of sarcoidosis in pregnancy and used logistic regression analyses to estimate the associated risks of maternal and neonatal outcomes.

Results: There were 678 cases of sarcoidosis in 7,094,400 births over an 8-year period for an overall prevalence of nine and six-tenths cases per 100,000 births. Compared with controls, women with sarcoidosis were older, more likely to be African American and to report being smokers. Women with sarcoidosis were more likely to have preeclampsia odds ratio (OR) 1.62 (95% CI 1.18–2.22), eclampsia OR 5.27 (95% CI 1.69–16.40), deep vein thrombosis OR 4.92 (95% CI 1.58–15.33), pulmonary embolism OR 6.68 (95% CI 3.99–11.21), and premature delivery OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.40–2.15). There was also an increased risk of cesarean deliveries and postpartum hemorrhages. There were no cases of maternal death reported.

Conclusions: Sarcoidosis in pregnancy is a rare disease associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes. Women with sarcoidosis can carry out successful pregnancies, however should be made aware of the higher risk of adverse events. Given the higher risk of venous thromboembolic events, consideration should be given to thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy.
Between-seasons competitive balance in European football: review of existing and development of specially designed indices
Authors: Manasis Vasileios , Ntzoufras Ioannis 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCompetitive balance is a key issue for any professional sport league substantiated by its effect on demand for league games or other associated products. This work focuses on the measurement of between-seasons competitive balance, the longest time-wise dimension, which captures the relative quality of teams across seasons. The review of the existing indices examines their applicability in the context of European football. Given that domestic championships are multi-prized tournaments, as opposed to the more common North American unitary structure with a single prize, a set of specially designed indices that capture the complex structure of European football are introduced. An empirical investigation, using data from the English Premier League, further elucidates the main features of all appropriate indices by exploring their value and trend. It may be inferred that between-seasons competitive balance in England worsens through seasons mainly due to the very low ranking mobility of the top teams through seasons.
The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline
Authors: Cvetesic Nevena , Palencia Andrés , Halasz Ivan , Cusack Stephen , Gruic‐Sovulj Ita 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe fidelity of protein synthesis depends on the capacity of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (AARSs) to couple only cognate amino acid‐tRNA pairs. If amino acid selectivity is compromised, fidelity can be ensured by an inherent AARS editing activity that hydrolyses mischarged tRNAs. Here, we show that the editing activity of Escherichia coli leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (EcLeuRS) is not required to prevent incorrect isoleucine incorporation. Rather, as shown by kinetic, structural and in vivo approaches, the prime biological function of LeuRS editing is to prevent mis‐incorporation of the non‐standard amino acid norvaline. This conclusion follows from a reassessment of the discriminatory power of LeuRS against isoleucine and the demonstration that a LeuRS editing‐deficient E. coli strain grows normally in high concentrations of isoleucine but not under oxygen deprivation conditions when norvaline accumulates to substantial levels. Thus, AARS‐based translational quality control is a key feature for bacterial adaptive response to oxygen deprivation. The non‐essential role for editing under normal bacterial growth has important implications for the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents targeting the LeuRS editing site.
Effectiveness of Anti-TNFα for Crohn Disease: Research in a Pediatric Learning Health System
Authors: Forrest Christopher B. , Crandall Wallace V. , Bailey L. Charles , Zhang Peixin , Joffe Marshall M. , Colletti Richard B. , Adler Jeremy , Baron Howard I. , Berman James , del Rosario Fernando , Grossman Andrew B. , Hoffenberg Edward J. , Israel Esther J. , Kim Sandra C. , Lightdale Jenifer R. , Margolis Peter A. , Marsolo Keith , Mehta Devendra I. , Milov David E. , Patel Ashish S. , Tung Jeanne , Kappelman Michael D. 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVES:
ImproveCareNow (ICN) is the largest pediatric learning health system in the nation and started as a quality improvement collaborative. To test the feasibility and validity of using ICN data for clinical research, we evaluated the effectiveness of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNFα) agents in the management of pediatric Crohn disease (CD).

METHODS:
Data were collected in 35 pediatric gastroenterology practices (April 2007 to March 2012) and analyzed as a sequence of nonrandomized trials. Patients who had moderate to severe CD were classified as initiators or non-initiators of anti-TNFα therapy. Among 4130 patients who had pediatric CD, 603 were new users and 1211 were receiving anti-TNFα therapy on entry into ICN.

RESULTS:
During a 26-week follow-up period, rate ratios obtained from Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for patient and disease characteristics and concurrent medications, were 1.53 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–1.96) for clinical remission and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.33–2.29) for corticosteroid-free remission. The rate ratio for corticosteroid-free remission was comparable to the estimate produced by the adult SONIC study, which was a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of anti-TNFα therapy. The number needed to treat was 5.2 (95% CI, 3.4–11.1) for clinical remission and 5.0 (95% CI, 3.4–10.0) for corticosteroid-free remission.

CONCLUSIONS:
In routine pediatric gastroenterology practice settings, anti-TNFα therapy was effective at achieving clinical and corticosteroid-free remission for patients who had Crohn disease. Using data from the ICN learning health system for the purpose of observational research is feasible and produces valuable new knowledge.