bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delivery of Highly Active Noble‐Metal Nanoparticles into Microspherical Supports by an Aerosol‐Spray Method
Authors: Kan Erjie , Kuai Long , Wang Wenhai , Geng Baoyou 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNoble metal nanoparticles (NPs) with 1–5 nm diameter obtained from NaHB4 reduction possess high catalytic activity. However, they are rarely used directly. This work presents a facile, versatile, and efficient aerosol‐spray approach to deliver noble‐metal NPs into metal oxide supports, while maintaining the size of the NPs and the ability to easily adjust the loading amount. In comparison with the conventional spray approach, the size of the loaded noble‐metal nanoparticles can be significantly decreased. An investigation of the 4‐nitrophenol hydrogenation reaction catalyzed by these materials suggests that the NPs/oxides catalysts have high activity and good endurance. For 1 % Au/CeO2 and Pd/Al2O3 catalysts, the rate constants reach 2.03 and 1.46 min−1, which is much higher than many other reports with the same noble‐metal loading scale. Besides, the thermal stability of catalysts can be significantly enhanced by modifying the supports. Therefore, this work contributes an efficient method as well as some guidance on how to produce highly active and stable supported noble‐metal catalysts.
Functionalization of Intramolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs by 1,1‐Carboboration with Conjugated Enynes
Authors: Feldmann Andreas , Kehr Gerald , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Mück‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Erker Gerhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe vicinal P/B frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 undergoes 1,1‐carboboration reactions with the Me3Si‐substituted enynes to give ring‐enlarged functionalized C3‐bridged P/B FLPs. These serve as active FLPs in the activation of dihydrogen to give the respective zwitterionic [P]H+/[B]H− products. One such product shows activity as a metal‐free catalyst for the hydrogenation of enamines or a bulky imine. The ring‐enlarged FLPs contain dienylborane functionalities that undergo “bora‐Nazarov”‐type ring‐closing rearrangements upon photolysis. A DFT study had shown that the dienylborane cyclization of such systems itself is endothermic, but a subsequent C6F5 migration is very favorable. Furthermore, substituted 2,5‐dihydroborole products are derived from cyclization and C6F5 migration from the photolysis reaction. In the case of the six‐membered annulation product, a subsequent stereoisomerization reaction takes place and the resultant compound undergoes a P/B FLP 1,2‐addition reaction with a terminal alkyne with rearrangement.
Polyphosphate im marinen Phosphorkreislauf
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: August 2015

AbstractKettenförmig kondensierte Polyphosphate sind vor allem als Reagentien zur Wasserenthärtung oder stabilisierende Lebensmittelzusatzstoffe bekannt. Sie bilden sich beim Erhitzen von ortho‐Phosphat unter Wasserausschluss. Vulkanische oder hydrothermale Aktivitäten liefern abiogene Pyrophosphate mit 2–3 Phosphateinheiten. Da sich Polyphosphate in allen bislang untersuchten Lebewesen finden, von Bakterien bis hin zu mehrzelligen Organismen, werden sie mit der Entstehung des Lebens in Verbindung gebracht. Dass Planktonorganismen selbst im extrem nährstoffarmen Wasser der Sargasso‐See Polyphosphate bilden, weist auf eine regulatorische Bedeutung im Zellstoffwechsel.
Study on Crustal and Lithosphere Thicknesses of Tengchong Volcanic Area in Yunnan
Authors: Long ZHANG , Yi‐Li HU , Min QIN , Yi DUAN , Yuan‐Ze DUAN , Heng‐Chu PENG , Hong ZHAO 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTeleseismic waveform data recorded by 9 broadband seismic stations of Tengchong volcanic seismic monitoring network were used to study crustal thickness, Poisson's ratio and the depth of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) using the P and S receiver functions method. The results are as follows: ➀ The Moho depth ranges from 33.5 to 38.0km beneath Tengchong volcanic area; ➁ The Poisson's ratios in Tengchong volcanic area mainly range from 0.26 to 0.32, and the Poisson's ratios beneath 6 stations are greater than 0.29, which may be caused by the increased mafic rocks in crust where may exist 2 magma chambers; ➂ The LAB depth beneath Tengchong volcanic area ranges from 78.2 to 88.0 km. There is an obvious rise of the LAB and lateral variations are very large. The obvious dome of lithosphere in Tengchong volcanic area is caused by asthenosphere upwelling (upsurge of thermal mantle material) as well as lithosphere extension and thinning.
Traveltime Tomography of qP Reflection Waves in Anisotropic TI Media
Authors: Guang‐Nan HUANG , Bing ZHOU , Ju‐Zhi DENG , Hong‐Xing LI , Ze‐Lin LI , Hua ZHANG 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeismic traveltime tomography is an effective method to invert underground anisotropic parameters. Research about tomography for anisotropic media is, however, relatively a little. And its techniques are still far from mature stage. In real applications, traveltime inversion of qP reflection waves has more extensive practical values, because the cost of surface survey is much cheaper than that of crosshole and vertical seismic profile surveys. The tomographic method suggested in this article combines the anisotropic reflected wave ray tracing, traveltime perturbation equation and nonlinear conjugate gradient method. It can be used to invert anisotropic media with arbitrary anisotropic degree. The main task in this article is to reconstruct the anisotropic parameters for TI media using qP reflection waves. In numerical simulation, traveltime of qP reflections wave was used to invert for the layered and block anomaly model, respectively. The elastic modulus parameters and Thomsen parameters were inverted separately, because the velocity sensitivity functions of them are different. The simulation results show that traveltime of qP reflection waves can be used to invert anisotropic parameters correctly. Iteration reaches a satisfactory convergence level for different anisotropic models. The tomographic method proposed here has a better capability in recovering theoretical models compared than isotropic traveltime tomography.
Polarization Transfer from Ligands Hyperpolarized by Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization for Screening in Drug Discovery
Authors: Min Hlaing , Sekar Giridhar , Hilty Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a valuable technique for ligand screening, because it exhibits high specificity toward chemical structure and interactions. Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a recent advance in NMR methodology that enables the creation of non‐equilibrium spin states, which can dramatically increase NMR sensitivity. Here, the transfer of such spin polarization from hyperpolarized ligand to protein is observed. Mixing hyperpolarized benzamidine with the serine protease trypsin, a “fingerprint” of enhanced protein signals is observed, which shows a different intensity profile than the equilibrium NMR spectrum of the protein, but coincides closely to the frequency profile of a saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiment. The DNP experiment benefits from hyperpolarization and enables observation of all frequencies in a single, rapid experiment. Based on these merits, it is an interesting alternative to the widely used STD experiment for identification of protein–ligand interactions.
Significance of what is not sampled: Characteristics of thyroid nonmicrocarcinomas (>1.0 cm) that were not targeted
Authors: Schoedel Karen E. , Wolfe Jenna , Hodak Steven P. , Lebeau Shane O. , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E. , Nikiforova Marina N. , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Ohori N. Paul 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDAlthough most unsuspected thyroid carcinomas qualify as microcarcinomas (≤1 cm), larger, nontargeted carcinomas may be found also. This study evaluated the significance of these nonmicrocarcinomas (>1 cm) in the setting of a large‐volume thyroid practice.METHODSThyroid resection specimens from May 2007 to December 2012 were reviewed. For these cases, the pathologic characteristics of nontargeted carcinomas larger than 1.0 cm were evaluated. Those interpreted as intrathyroidal metastases were not included in this study. Specifically, the histologic classification, size, and molecular features were documented.RESULTSFrom a total of 4815 thyroid resections and 9279 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration procedures that were performed during the study period, 27 nontargeted nonmicrocarcinomas were identified (0.6% of resection cases) in 26 patients. The histologic classifications were as follows: follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (n = 19), classic papillary carcinoma (n = 3), papillary carcinoma with oncocytic features (n = 1), tall‐cell variant of papillary carcinoma (n = 2), and follicular carcinoma (n = 2). The size parameters were as follows: mean, 1.9 cm; median, 1.4 cm; and range, 1.1 to 7.0 cm. RAS and BRAF mutations were identified in 8 and 7 cases, respectively (71% of the cases tested with a 7‐gene panel), whereas 6 cases showed no mutation. Molecular information was not available for 6 cases.CONCLUSIONSIn the authors' experience, nontargeted thyroid nonmicrocarcinomas (>1 cm) are rare (0.6%), and the majority are low‐grade carcinomas. The likelihood of finding one of the common mutations (71%) is comparable to the likelihood for thyroid carcinomas in general (∼70%). Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:678–683. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Developmental expression of the neuroligins and neurexins in fragile X mice
Authors: Lai Jonathan K.Y. , Doering Laurie C. , Foster Jane A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTNeuroligins and neurexins are transsynaptic proteins involved in the maturation of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Research has identified synaptic proteins and function as primary contributors to the development of fragile X syndrome. Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the protein that is lacking in fragile X syndrome, binds neuroligin‐1 and ‐3 mRNA. Using in situ hybridization, we examined temporal and spatial expression patterns of neuroligin (NLGN) and neurexin (NRXN) mRNAs in the somatosensory (S1) cortex and hippocampus in wild‐type (WT) and fragile X knockout (FMR1‐KO) mice during the first 5 weeks of postnatal life. Genotype‐based differences in expression included increased NLGN1 mRNA in CA1 and S1 cortex, decreased NLGN2 mRNA in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions of the hippocampus, and increased NRXN3 mRNA in CA1, DG, and S1 cortex between female WT and FMR1‐KO mice. In male mice, decreased expression of NRXN3 mRNA was observed in CA1 and DG regions of FMR1‐KO mice. Sex differences in hippocampal expression of NLGN2, NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3 mRNAs and in S1 cortex expression of NRXN3 mRNAs were observed WT mice, whereas sex differences in NLGN3, NRXN1, NRXN2, and NRXN3 mRNA expression in the hippocampus and in NLGN1, NRXN2 and NRXN3 mRNA expression in S1 cortex were detected in FMR1‐KO mice. These results provide a neuroanatomical map of NLGN and NRXN expression patterns over postnatal development in WT and FMR1‐KO mice. The differences in developmental trajectory of these synaptic proteins could contribute to long‐term differences in CNS wiring and synaptic function. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:807–828, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Motor organization of positive and negative emotional vocalization in the cat midbrain periaqueductal gray
Authors: Subramanian Hari H. , Arun Mridula , Silburn Peter A. , Holstege Gert 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTNeurochemical microstimulation in different parts of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) in the cat generates four different types of vocalization, mews, howls, cries, and hisses. Mews signify positive vocal expression, whereas howls, hisses, and cries signify negative vocal communications. Mews were generated in the lateral column of the intermediate PAG and howls and hisses in the ventrolateral column of the intermediate PAG. Cries were generated in two regions, the lateral column of the rostral PAG and the ventrolateral column of the caudal PAG. To define the specific motor patterns belonging to mews, howls, and cries, the following muscles were recorded during these vocalizations: larynx (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid), tongue (genioglossus), jaw (digastric), and respiration (diaphragm, internal intercostal, external abdominal oblique, and internal abdominal oblique) muscles. Furthermore, the frequency, intensity, activation cascades, and turns and amplitude analyses of the electromyograms (EMGs) during these vocalizations were analyzed. The results show that each type of vocalization consists of a specific, circumscribed motor coordination. The nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) in the caudal medulla serves as the final premotor interneuronal output system for vocalization. NRA neurochemical microstimulation also generated vocalizations (guttural sounds). Analysis of the EMGs demonstrated that these vocalizations consist of only small parts of the emotional voalizations generated by neurochemical stimulation in the PAG. These results demonstrate that motor organization of positive and negative emotional vocal expressions are segregated in the PAG and that the PAG uses the NRA as a tool to gain access to the motoneurons generating vocalization. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1540–1557, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Cross‐Sectional Study of Psychological Comparison Processes That May Underlie the Acceptance of Chronic Pain
Authors: Orfgen Harald , Dijkstra Arie 
Published: August 2015

Acceptance of chronic pain varies between patients but may also be expected to develop and change within patients. In this latter framework, the present study explored three psychological processes that may contribute to changes in acceptance: social comparisons, temporal comparisons and counterfactual comparisons. In general, these comparisons are used to cope with negative life events, and they may also play a role in acceptance of pain. In this study, the two subscales of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness) were complemented with a scale of Affective Acceptance. Using linear regression analyses, data from these three acceptance scales were regressed on three scales of temporal comparison processes, four scales of social comparison processes and one scale of counterfactual comparisons. The results showed that the comparison processes explained up to 37% of the variance in acceptance, especially a higher frequency of thinking of one's present condition in relation to a condition in the past, and feeling bad when comparing with others who are doing better, were consistently related to lower acceptance. These explorative results may inspire experimental studies to influence comparison processes and, eventually, to address those comparison processes in interventions for patients with chronic pain to improve acceptance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

In addition to beliefs indicating Activity Engagement and Pain Willingness, Affective acceptance of pain may also be a relevant dimension and manifestation of acceptance
Social comparisons, temporal comparisons and counterfactual comparisons are related to acceptance of pain
In patients with pain psychological comparison processes can be relevant in diagnosing possible causes of non‐optimal acceptance of chronic pain
Practitioners may try to influence each of the three types of psychological comparison processes in individuals and observe the effects
Performance characterization of a microwave transistor subject to the noise and matching requirements
Authors: Güneş Filiz , Demirel Salih 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, the gain GT of a microwave transistor is expressed analytically in terms of the mismatchings (Vin ≥ 1, Vout ≥ 1) at the ports, noise figure F ≥ Fmin and the [z]‐parameter and noise parameters. Firstly, because the input termination ZS determines the noise F ≥ Fmin, thus the input termination ZS is pre‐determined to lie on the tangent constant noise and available gain circles so that the maximum power delivery is ensured for the given noise. Then, a design configuration is constructed in the input impedance Zin‐ plane covering the gain and the required input and output mismatch circles within the Unconditionally Stable Working Area for the predetermined input termination ZS. Finally, the compatible (F ≥ Fmin, GT, Vin ≥ 1, Vout ≥ 1) quadrates for either required or optimum (Vin ≥ 1, Vout ≥ 1) couples are obtained with their (ZS, ZL) couples from the analysis of the design configuration. Furthermore, a case study is also presented for the full flexible performance characterization of a selected microwave transistor. It can be concluded that the near future microwave transistor is expected to be identified by performance data base built by its compatible (F ≥ Fmin, GT, Vin ≥ 1, Vout ≥ 1) quadrates and the (ZS, ZL) terminations within the device operation domain to overview all the possible low‐noise amplifier designs using the full device capacity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced MIH (media independent handover) for collaborative green wireless communications
Authors: Ameur Hocine , Esseghir Moez , Khoukhi Lyes , Merghem‐Boulahia Leïla 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we address the issue of energy saving in wireless communication networks; a special interest is given to heterogeneous networks (HetNets) which are supposed to be the key feature of the future communication networks, namely, the 5G cellular networks. In a HetNet, different communication technologies coexist; with the use of vertical handovers, the users could switch between the different operating ones. Our work aims to make the used protocols for vertical handover collaborative, in such a way to reduce the overall network energy consumption. Our study is based on Media Independent Handover (MIH) protocol. We bring modifications into this later for energy saving purposes in order to create a green collaborative MIH protocol. The proposed enhancements on MIH protocol allow gathering detailed information about network state and using them as statistics and indicators to manage network density according to traffic load and users location. Our experiments are performed using NS2.29 with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) add‐on which implements the MIH protocol (802.21). By comparing the results while using our proposed contribution and the conventional MIH protocol, we can see that the modifications done allow a significant improvement in terms of energy saving while maintaining reliability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of water balance of a man‐made lacustrine ecosystem on the food web: does flushing affect the carbon signature of plankton and benthos?
Authors: Wilk‐Woźniak Elżbieta , Amirowicz Antoni , Pociecha Agnieszka , Gąsiorowski Michał 
Published: August 2015

AbstractReservoir ecosystems may be supported by considerable input of organic matter originating from the catchment. Thus, the current proportion of allochthonous and autochthonous organic matter available to reservoir biota will be affected by changes in the flushing rate. In a medium‐sized submontane reservoir, we examined reaction of the δ13C isotopic signature of fine (10–50 µm) and coarse (>50 µm) fractions of the seston, and of benthic invertebrates, to the reservoir flushing rate. The δ13C signatures of samples varied, and spatially δ13C increased significantly down‐reservoir in all instances, becoming less similar to the carbon signature of organic matter of terrestrial origin. Two distinct trends in the correlation between δ13C and flushing rate were identified as follows: (1) fine seston tended to become more 13C‐depleted and therefore similar to the carbon signature of terrestrial organic matter; and (2) the 13C signature of coarse seston became enriched with increasing flushing, and also tended to become closer to values of terrestrial organic matter. Benthic assemblages did not display any clear association with flushing rates. Such reactions in different components of the food web to allochthonous carbon input and the rate of reservoir flushing may be a common feature of other comparable Central European reservoirs and an important characteristic of their carbon cycles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regioselective Thermal Reaction between Triethylamine and C60 Revisited: X‐ray Confirmation of the Pentane‐Fused Adduct and in Situ Mechanism Study
Authors: Chen Muqing , Shen Wangqiang , Bao Lipiao , Cai Wenting , Xie Yunpeng , Akasaka Takeshi , Lu Xing 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe have made a systematic investigation of the regioselective reaction between triethylamine and C60 under thermal conditions, presenting X‐ray crystallographic results of the pentane‐fused adduct for the first time. In addition to finding the reaction conditions which gave the highest yield and the best regioselectivity, we captured with GC–MS the acetaldehyde and diethylamine intermediates that were involved in the reaction, thus clarifying the reaction mechanism.
Assessment of an Optimal Combined Heat Pump and Trigeneration System
Authors: Hajabdollahi Hassan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn optimal design of a cogeneration plant assisted by a heat pump is presented. The total annual profit ratio is selected as an objective function to find the best prime mover (PM) and its profit in triple loads. Two dimensionless parameters, electric and heating ratios, are introduced as decision variables. The results reveal that the best studied PM is a diesel engine followed by a gas engine and gas turbine. This system is more economical for a high heating and electricity load demand, whereas it is less economical for a low heating and electricity load demand. Furthermore, for low power and heating load demands, no PM is selected and all the demanded power is requested from the grid, whereas for the higher heating and lower electricity load demands, all the demanded power is provided by the PM and there is no need to buy electricity from the grid. Finally, sensitivity analysis is performed on the change in the period of cooling and heating load demands.
University of Texas study underestimates national methane emissions at natural gas production sites due to instrument sensor failure
Authors: Howard Touché 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe University of Texas reported on a campaign to measure methane (CH4) emissions from United States natural gas (NG) production sites as part of an improved national inventory. Unfortunately, their study appears to have systematically underestimated emissions. They used the Bacharach Hi‐Flow® Sampler (BHFS) which in previous studies has been shown to exhibit sensor failures leading to underreporting of NG emissions. The data reported by the University of Texas study suggest their measurements exhibit this sensor failure, as shown by the paucity of high‐emitting observations when the wellhead gas composition was less than 91% CH4, where sensor failures are most likely; during follow‐up testing, the BHFS used in that study indeed exhibited sensor failure consistent with under‐reporting of these high emitters. Tracer ratio measurements made by the University of Texas at a subset of sites with low CH4 content further indicate that the BHFS measurements at these sites were too low by factors of three to five. Over 98% of the CH4 inventory calculated from their own data and 41% of their compiled national inventory may be affected by this measurement failure. Their data also indicate that this sensor failure could occur at NG compositions as high as 97% CH4, possibly affecting other BHFS measurement programs throughout the entire NG supply chain, including at transmission sites where the BHFS is used to report greenhouse gas emissions to the United States Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (USEPA GHGRP, U.S. 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart W). The presence of such an obvious problem in this high profile, landmark study highlights the need for increased quality assurance in all greenhouse gas measurement programs.