bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Midgap states, Raman scattering, glass homogeneity, percolative rigidity and stress transitions in chalcogenides
Authors: Boolchand P. , Gunasekera K. , Bhosle S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRaman scattering from binary GexSe100 − x glasses excited using 1064 nm radiation display vibrational modes whose linewidths significantly exceed those observed using 647 nm radiation. In these glasses, 1064 nm radiation excites midgap states while 647 nm radiation excites conduction band tail states. Presence of midgap states in glasses, ascribed to coordination defects, is responsible for vibrational mode broadening that smears glass compositional variation of mode frequency using 1064 nm radiation but not with the 647 nm radiation. In the latter, mode‐frequency variation of Corner‐ (CS) and Edge‐sharing (ES) tetrahedral units, in specially prepared homogeneous glasses, display thresholds near the rigidity (x = 19.5%) and stress (x = 26.0%) transitions, opening an intermediate phase (IP) that correlates well with the reversibility window (blue region) observed in calorimetric measurements (figure on the right). magnified imageCompositional trends in the non‐reversing enthalpy of relaxation at Tg, ΔHnr(x), in binary GexSe100 − x glasses examined in 1997, 2009, and 2011. The reversibility window (blue region) progressively sharpens to acquire a square‐well like behaviour as melts/glasses homogenize. Figure taken from Ref. 1.
Theoretical study of persistent current in a nanoring made of a band insulator
Authors: Mošková Antónia , Moško Martin , Tóbik Jaroslav 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe study theoretically persistent currents in rings made of band insulators with a fully occupied valence band and empty conduction band. We derive an expression for the persistent current in a one‐dimensional (1D) insulating ring with an arbitrary valence band ε(k). Setting for ε(k) the realistic (numerically calculated) valence bands, we estimate persistent currents in the nanorings made of real band insulators like GaAs, Ge, and InAs. Further, we express the persistent current in the insulating 1D ring through the Wannier functions of the constituting infinite 1D crystal. We find these Wannier functions analytically in the LCAO approximation. We obtain fully analytically the persistent current in the insulating ring and we apply the result to a 1D GaAs ring with conduction electrons subjected to a periodic potential emulating the insulating lattice. In general, persistent currents in rings made of band insulators decay with the ring length exponentially due to the exponential decay of the Wannier function tails. In spite of that, the currents of measurable size are found for a suitably chosen nanorings similar to those fabricated recently for coherent nanoelectronics. Finally, to provide insight, our major results are rederived from the so‐called ring Wannier functions.
Investigation of NV centers in diamond nanocrystallites and nanopillars
Authors: Petkov Emil , Popov Cyril , Rendler Torsten , Petkov Christo , Schnabel Florian , Fedder Helmut , Lee Sang‐Yun , Kulisch Wilhelm , Reithmaier Johann Peter , Wrachtrup Jörg 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers were incorporated during hot filament chemical vapor deposition of diamond nanocrystallites and nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films. From the latter nanopillars with different diameters were prepared applying electron beam lithography and inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The deposition of either single crystallites or closed films was controlled by the nucleation density on the silicon substrates and the process duration. Optical investigations revealed the presence of ensembles of color centers in both nanostructures. An enhancement of the fluorescence emission by an order of magnitude was observed after the structuring of the NCD films.
Flexible CoAl LDH@PEDOT Core/Shell Nanoplatelet Array for High‐Performance Energy Storage
Authors: Han Jingbin , Dou Yibo , Zhao Jingwen , Wei Min , Evans David G. , Duan Xue 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA CoAl‐layered double hydroxide (LDH)@poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) core/shell nanoplatelet array (NPA) is grown on a flexible Ni foil substrate as a high‐performance pseudocapacitor. The LDH@PEDOT core/shell NPA shows a maximum specific capacitance of 649 F/g (based on the total mass) by cyclic voltammetry (scan rate: 2 mV/s) and 672 F/g by galvanostatic discharge (current density: 1 A/g). Furthermore, the hybrid NPA electrode also exhibits excellent rate capability with a specific energy of 39.4 Wh/kg at a current density of 40 A/g, as well as good long‐term cycling stability (92.5% of its original capacitance is retained after 5000 cycles). These performances are superior to those of conventional supercapacitors and LDH NPA without the PEDOT coating. The largely enhanced pseudocapacitor behavior of the LDH@PEDOT NPA electrode is related to the synergistic effect of its individual components: the LDH nanoplatelet core provides abundant energy‐storage capacity, while the highly conductive PEDOT shell and porous architecture facilitate the electron/mass transport in the redox reaction.
Mechanism of the initiation of mRNA decay: role of eRF3 family G proteins
Authors: Hoshino Shin‐ichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractmRNA decay is intimately linked to and regulated by translation in eukaryotes. However, it has remained unclear exactly how mRNA decay is linked to translation. Progress has been made in recent years in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the link between translation and mRNA decay. It has become clear that the eRF3 family of GTP‐binding proteins acts as signal transducers that couple translation to mRNA decay and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of gene expression and mRNA quality control. During translation, the translation termination factor eRF3 in complex with eRF1 recognizes the termination codon which appears at the A site of the terminating ribosome. Depending on whether the termination codon is normal (bona fide) or aberrant (premature), deadenylation‐dependent decay or nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) occurs. mRNA without termination codons and mRNA with the propensity to cause the ribosome to stall are recognized as aberrant by other members of the eRF3 family during translation, and these translational events cause nonstop mRNA decay (NSD) and no‐go decay (NGD), respectively. In this review, we focus on how mRNA decay is triggered by translational events and summarize the initiation mechanism for the decay of both normal and aberrant mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2012. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1133This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Treatment for Critical Lower Limb Ischemia in Elderly Patients
Authors: de Leur Kevin , van Zeeland Michiel L. P. , Ho Gwan H. , de Groot Hans G. W. , Veen Eelco J. , van der Laan Lijckle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundCritical limb ischemia (CLI) has a poor outcome when left untreated. The benefits of revascularization in the very elderly might be limited because of co‐morbidities and short life expectancy. Therefore, optimal management of CLI in the elderly is not straightforward. We analyzed treatment results for elderly patients with CLI (Rutherford 4 or 5/6) in our clinic.MethodsHospital charts of all patients >70 years of age diagnosed with Rutherford stage 4–6 peripheral arterial disease between January 2006 and December 2009 were reviewed. We divided patients into two age groups (70–79 and ≥80 years) to compare treatment results. Primary interventions were defined as conservative, endovascular, reconstructive surgery, and amputation. Outcome measures were mortality, reintervention, and major amputation rates.ResultsThere were 191 patients [99 (52 %) were women], median age 78.4 years, range 70–98 years. Altogether, 119 (62 %) patients were aged 70–79 years, and 72 (38 %) were ≥80 years. The primary intervention was equally divided over the two age groups (p = 0.21). Trans‐Atlantic Inter‐Society Consensus Document on Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease (TASC II) classifications of aortoiliac lesions were not significantly different regarding intervention (p = 0.62) or age (p = 0.39). TASC II classification of femoropopliteal lesions was significantly different relative to intervention (p < 0.01) but not different between age groups (p = 0.68). Mortality rate after reconstructive surgery was significant higher in the oldest age group (p < 0.01). After conservative treatment, endovascular treatment, or amputation, the mortality rates were not significantly different between the two age groups (respectively, p = 0.06, p = 0.33, p = 0.76). Reintervention rate was 51 % in the 70‐ to 79‐year group compared to 32 % in the ≥80‐year group. After initial treatment, major amputations were performed in 10 % in the 70‐ to 79‐year group compared to 13 % in the ≥80‐year group.ConclusionsIn patients aged ≥80 years, surgical revascularization resulted in a significant higher mortality rate in our clinic, whereas primary conservative, endovascular treatment and amputation resulted in similar mortality in both age groups. When considering surgical revascularization in the very elderly, surgeons should focus on careful patient selection.
Increased Resection Rates and Survival Among Patients Aged 75 Years and Older with Esophageal Cancer: A Dutch Nationwide Population‐Based Study
Authors: Faiz Zohra , Lemmens Valery E. P. P. , Siersema Peter D. , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Wouters Michel W. J. M. , Rozema Tom , Coebergh Jan Willem W. , Wijnhoven Bas P. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe incidence of esophageal cancer has grown over the recent decades and 30 % of esophageal cancer patients are now 75 years or older at the time of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in management and survival of patients aged 75 years or older with esophageal cancer.MethodsIn the Netherlands cancer registry, we identified all patients aged 75 years or older who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 1989 and 2008. Trends in management and survival were analyzed by time period (1989–2001 vs. 2002–2008), TNM stage, and age (75–79, 80–84, and 85+ years). χ2 testing was used to analyze time trends in treatment, Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank testing to estimate survival, and Cox regression model to calculate hazard ratios for death.ResultsSome 7,253 patients were included in the study. The surgical resection rate increased over the 1989–2008 period from 8.9 to 12.6 % (p = 0.028), especially among patients aged 75–79 years (44.6 vs. 55.4 %, p < 0.001) and patients with TNM stage I disease (12.7 vs. 22.0 %, p < 0.001). The use of definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) also increased (0.19 vs. 2.20 %, p < 0.001). Whereas the use of chemotherapy as a single‐modality treatment more than doubled (0.64 vs. 1.54 %, p = 0.004), that of radiotherapy alone decreased (38.1 vs. 31.6 %, p < 0.001). Although median survival time was marginally higher in the 2002–2008 period than in 1989–2001, overall 5 year survival rates remained low at 6 and 5 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Five‐year survival rate after surgery increased from 16 to 30 % (p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn patients of 75 years or older, surgical treatment and use of definitive CRT have increased between 1989 and 2008. Also, an increase in the use of chemotherapy as a single modality was noted. Overall 5 year survival for all cancer patients was stable but remained poor, while survival of patients who underwent esophagectomy improved significantly in the Netherlands since 1989.
Canadian International Polar Year (2007–2008): an introduction
Authors: Kulkarni T. , Watkins J. M. , Nickels S. , Lemmen D. S. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Canadian contributions to International Polar Year (IPY) 2007–2008 were designed to improve the understanding of climate change impacts and adaptation and to gain insight into issues surrounding community health and well-being in Canada’s arctic. Fifty-two research projects, involving scientists, northern partners and communities, focused on the arctic atmosphere and climate, cryosphere, oceans, sea ice, marine ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, wildlife as well as human health and community well-being. Key research findings on these topics are presented in this special issue of Climatic Change. This introductory paper presents an overview of the international and Canadian IPY programs and a summary of Canadian IPY results, including progress made in data management and capacity building. The legacy of IPY in Canada includes expanded international scientific cooperation, meaningful partnerships with northern communities, and more northern residents with research training.
The role of shelf acetabuloplasty in early and late stages of Perthes disease: A meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Kadhim Muayad , Holmes Larry , Bowen J. Richard 
Published: September 2012

Purpose Perthes disease may result in deformity of the proximal femoral epiphysis and incongruity of the hip, and shelf acetabuloplasty has been frequently used for treatment. The aim of this study was to review the published articles about the outcome of shelf acetabuloplasty as a containment or reconstruction–salvage procedure in Perthes disease. Methods We utilized the PubMed online database for peer review articles using the following search terms: shelf arthroplasty, acetabuloplasty, and Perthes. To be included in this meta-analysis, we isolated studies on children with Perthes disease who received shelf acetabuloplasty as a treatment, conducted in any geographic location with the Stulberg classification outcome. Twenty articles were identified for a qualitative systematic review. The fixed effect and random effect meta-analysis were performed as appropriate for the summary pool estimate following the heterogeneity test. The meta-analysis was performed on 11 articles in three categories: all articles, articles for shelf arthroplasty in the early stages of Perthes disease, and in the late stages. Results Overall, shelf acetabuloplasty provided 84 % good outcome of Stulberg classes I, II, and III. Shelf acetabuloplasty performed in early stages for containment provided good outcome in 85 %, while only 69 % good outcome was achieved when shelf acetabuloplasty was performed in late stages for reconstruction–salvage. Conclusion Shelf acetabuloplasty provides a good or fair Stulberg outcome when performed in early Perthes stages (Waldenström stages I and II) as a containment surgery, but less favorable outcomes were observed when shelf surgery was used for reconstructive–salvage purposes in late Perthes disease stages (Waldenström stages III and IV). Caution is advised in performing the shelf procedure in children over 10–11 years of age.
Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge Mafic intrusives from the Manipur Ophiolitic Complex, Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, NE India
Authors: Singh A. Krishnakanta , Singh N. Ibotombi , Devi L. Debala , Singh R. K. Bikramaditya 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Mafic intrusives emplaced within the mélange zone of the Manipur Ophiolitic Complex are subalkaline-tholeiitic affinity with Fe-enrichment. Based on the field occurrences, textures-mineralogy and whole-rock compositions, these mafic intrusives can be identified as type-I (gabbro intrusives) and type-II (basalt-dolerite dykes). The type-I resembling enriched-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) shows moderate LREE enrichment (LaN/SmN = 2.5-2.6), slightly enriched MORB normalized HFSE patterns possibly represent melts derived from enriched MORB sub-oceanic mantle sources by small degree of partial melting. The other type-II has normal-type mid-ocean ridge basalt (N-MORB) geochemical features, as it exhibits nearly flat to depleted LREE (LaN/SmN = 1.0-0.6), flat MORB normalized HFSE patterns with slight LREE/HREE depletion (CeN/YbN = 1.37-0.46). It might have been derived from depleted MORB type sub-oceanic mantle source. The MORB signature displayed by these mafic intrusives indicates that they are dismembered fragments of oceanic crust generated at mid-ocean spreading ridge system and support the hypothesis that the Manipur ophiolites was initially formed in the divergent plate margin.
Sun Belt Rising: Regional Population Change and the Decline in Black Residential Segregation, 1970–2009
Authors: Iceland John , Sharp Gregory , Timberlake Jeffrey M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study is to examine the extent to which population shifts over the post–Great Migration period and divergent trends in segregation across regions contributed to the overall decline in black segregation in the United States in recent decades. Using data from the 1970 to 2000 decennial censuses and the 2005–2009 American Community Survey (ACS), our analysis indicates that black dissimilarity and isolation declined more in the South and West than in the Northeast and Midwest. Nevertheless, regional population shifts account for only a modest amount (8 % to 12 %) of the decline in black-white segregation over the period and for an even smaller proportion of the decline in black-nonblack segregation, in part because the largest declines in segregation occurred in the West while the region with the largest relative increase in the black population was the South. Using more refined census divisions rather than census regions provided some additional explanatory power (shifts across divisions explained 15 %–16 % of the decline in black-white segregation): divisions with larger gains in their share of the black population tended to have larger declines in black segregation. Overall, although the effect of the regional redistribution of the black population on declines in segregation was significant, of even greater importance were other causes of substantial declines in segregation in a wide array of metropolitan areas across the country, and especially in the West, over the past 40 years.
Your Place or Mine? On the Residence Choice of Young Couples in Norway
Authors: Løken Katrine V. , Lommerud Kjell Erik , Lundberg Shelly 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Norwegian registry data are used to investigate the location decisions of a full population cohort of young adults as they complete their education, establish separate households, and form their own families. We find that the labor market opportunities and family ties of both partners affect these location choices. Surprisingly, married men live significantly closer to their own parents than do married women, even if they have children, and this difference cannot be explained by differences in observed characteristics. The principal source of excess female distance from parents in this population is the relatively low mobility of men without a college degree, particularly in rural areas. Despite evidence that intergenerational resource flows, such as childcare and eldercare, are particularly important between women and their parents, the family connections of husbands appear to dominate the location decisions of less-educated married couples.
Discrepancies in military middle‐school adolescents' and parents' perceptions of family functioning, social support, anger frequency, and concerns
Authors: Crow Janet R. , Seybold Amanda K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPrevious literature suggests that adolescents' and parents' perceptions of family functioning are typically quite disparate and that perceptual discrepancies increase when a family is under stress. During the years of deployments to Iraq and Afghanistan adolescents in military families have faced uniquely stressful circumstances which may exacerbate difficulties commonly experienced during adolescence. For this study 91 middle‐school adolescent–parent dyads from U.S. Army families were surveyed about their perceptions of family functioning, social support, the adolescent's frequency of anger, and the adolescent's concerns. Findings indicated significant differences in parents' and adolescents' matched ratings for all variables except adolescent concerns. Adolescent–parent perceptual discrepancies were greatest for families who had never experienced deployment and during or following the first deployment. The results of this study may be useful to those supporting military families as they develop strategies to help family members understand the others' perceptions and learn to communicate and solve problems despite the differences.
Evaluation of an FFQ to assess total energy and nutrient intakes in severely obese pregnant women
Authors: Mohd-Shukri Nor A , Bolton Jennifer L , Norman Jane E , Walker Brian R , Reynolds Rebecca M 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveFFQ are popular instruments for assessing dietary intakes in epidemiological studies but have not been validated for use in severely obese pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to compare nutrient intakes assessed by an FFQ with those obtained from a food diary among severely obese pregnant women.DesignComparison of an FFQ containing 170 food items and a food diary for 4 d (three weekdays and one weekend day); absolute agreement was assessed using the paired t test and relative agreement by Pearson/Spearman correlation, cross-classification into tertiles and weighted kappa values.SettingAntenatal metabolic clinic for severely obese women.SubjectsThirty-one severely obese (BMI at booking ≥40·0 kg/m2) and thirty-two lean control (BMI = 20·0–24·9 kg/m2) pregnant women.ResultsThe findings showed that nutrient intakes estimated by the FFQ were significantly higher than those from the food diary; average correlation was 0·32 in obese and 0·43 in lean women. A mean of 48·5 % of obese and 47·3 % of lean women were correctly classified, while 12·9 % (obese) and 10·0 % (lean) were grossly misclassified. Weighted κ values ranged from −0·04 to 0·79 in obese women and from 0·16 to 0·78 in lean women.ConclusionsOverall, the relative agreement between the FFQ and food diary was lower in the obese group than in the lean group, but was comparable with earlier studies conducted in pregnant women. The validity assessments suggest that the FFQ is a useful tool for ranking severely obese pregnant women according to the levels of their dietary intake.
Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: Past and future variations
Authors: Owens M. J. , Usoskin I. , Lockwood M. 
Published: September 2012

Galactic cosmic ray flux at Earth is modulated by the heliospheric magnetic field. Heliospheric modulation potential, Φ, during grand solar minima is investigated using an open solar flux (OSF) model with OSF source based on sunspot number, R, and OSF loss on heliospheric current sheet inclination. Changing dominance between source and loss means Φ varies in‐ (anti‐) phase with R during strong (weak) cycles, in agreement with Φ estimates from ice core records of10Be concentration, which are in‐phase during most of the last 300 years, but anti‐phase during the Maunder Minimum. Model results suggest “flat” OSF cycles, such as solar cycle 20 result from OSF source and loss terms temporarily balancing throughout the cycle. Thus even if solar activity continues to decline steadily, the long‐term drop in OSF through SC21 to SC23 may plateau during SC24, though reemerge in SC25 with the inverted phase relation.