bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T Cell Antigen Discovery Using Soluble Vaccinia Proteome Reveals Recognition of Antigens with Both Virion and Nonvirion Association
Authors: Davies D. Huw , Chun Sookhee , Hermanson Gary , Tucker Jo Anne , Jain Aarti , Nakajima Rie , Pablo Jozelyn , Felgner Philip L. , Liang Xiaowu 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a useful model system for understanding the immune response to a complex pathogen. Proteome-wide Ab profiling studies reveal the humoral response to be strongly biased toward virion-associated Ags, and several membrane proteins induce Ab-mediated protection against VACV challenge in mice. Some studies have indicated that the CD4 response is also skewed toward proteins with virion association, whereas the CD8 response is more biased toward proteins with early expression. In this study, we have leveraged a VACV strain Western Reserve (VACV-WR) plasmid expression library, produced previously for proteome microarrays for Ab profiling, to make a solubilized full VACV-WR proteome for T cell Ag profiling. Splenocytes from VACV-WR–infected mice were assayed without prior expansion against the soluble proteome in assays for Th1 and Th2 signature cytokines. The response to infection was polarized toward a Th1 response, with the distribution of reactive T cell Ags comprising both early and late VACV proteins. Interestingly, the proportions of different functional subsets were similar to that present in the whole proteome. In contrast, the targets of Abs from the same mice were enriched for membrane and other virion components, as described previously. We conclude that a “nonbiasing” approach to T cell Ag discovery reveals a T cell Ag profile in VACV that is broader and less skewed to virion association than the Ab profile. The T cell Ag mapping method developed in the present study should be applicable to other organisms where expressible “ORFeome” libraries are also available, and it is readily scalable for larger pathogens.
Post-radiation changes in oral tissues - An analysis of cancer irradiation cases
Authors: Pandya Jay Ashokkumar , Srikant N. , Boaz Karen , Manaktala Nidhi , Kapila Supriya Nikita , Yinti Shanmukha Raviteja 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction: Radiation, commonly employed as neoadjuvant, primary, and adjuvant therapy for head and neck cancer causes numerous epithelial and stromal changes, prominent among which is fibrosis with its early and late consequences. Very little is known about the true nature of the fibrosed tissue and the type of fibers accumulated. Radiotherapy affects the supporting tumor stroma often resulting in a worsening grade of tumor post-radiation. Aim: To study epithelial, neoplastic, stromal, and glandular changes in oral cavity induced by radiation therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using special stains. Materials and Methods: The study included 27 samples of recurrent OSCC following completion of radiotherapy (recurrence within an average span of 11 months), and 26 non-irradiated cases of OSCC. Patients with a history of combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy were not included in the study. The epithelial changes assessed included epithelial atrophy, apoptosis, necrosis, dysplasia, and neoplasia. The connective tissue was evaluated for amount of fibrosis, quality of fibers (using picrosirius red staining), fibrinous exudate, necrosis, pattern of invasion, vessel wall thickening, and salivary gland changes. The aforementioned changes were assessed using light and polarizing microscopy and tabulated. Statistical Analysis: Epithelial and connective tissue parameters were compared between the irradiated and non-irradiated cases using chi square and t-tests. Results: Epithelial and connective tissue parameters were found to be increased in irradiated patients. Pattern of invasion by tumor cells varied from strands and  cords between the two groups studied. The effect of radiation was seen to reflect on the maturity of fibers and the regularity of their distribution.
Palliative low dose fortnightly methotrexate in oral cancers: Experience at a rural cancer centre from India
Authors: Chakraborty Santam , Geetha M. , Sujith K. M. , Biji M. S. , Sateeshan B. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Context: Palliative fortnightly chemotherapy in oral cancers. Aims: We present our experience with a regimen employing fortnightly (once in 2 weeks) injectable methotrexate (MTX) (40 mg/m 2 ) in a predominantly elderly cohort of patients with carcinoma of oral cavity and oropharynx. Settings and Design: Retrospective chart review conducted at a rural cancer center in India. Materials and Methods: All patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers started on treatment with fortnightly injectable MTX (40 mg/m 2 ) between 01/01/2011 and 31/12/2011. Statistical Analysis Used: The factors analyzed included the duration of disease control, pain control, overall survival and progression free survival which were evaluated using the Kaplan Meier method. Results: A total of 60 patients with a median age of 66.5 years were analyzed. Majority of the patients had poor nutritional status, performance status or co-morbidities. MTX was given for recurrent disease in 19 patients and after initial palliative radiotherapy in 41 patients. The median number of cycles delivered was nine. Grade 3/4 toxicities were seen in 2 patients only. Disease control rate at the end of treatment was seen in 33 (55%) patients. Median overall survival was 34 weeks (interquartile range: 17-50 weeks). Conclusions: The fortnightly regimen of MTX was well-tolerated and showed a good clinical activity in this elderly cohort of patients with advanced oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers.
A retrospective study of clinico-pathological spectrum of carcinoma breast
in a West Delhi, India
Authors: Nigam Jitendra Singh , Yadav Poonam , Sood Neelam 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background: Data on the demographic profile of breast cancer patients from Delhi is scarce and whatever is available is from higher referral center. Our hospital caters to patients from an urban population of the lower socioeconomic strata and is a representation of cases at a tertiary care hospital in west Delhi. In Delhi, breast cancer (26.8%) is commonest cancer among the female followed by cervix (12.5%), gallbladder (7.2%), ovary (7.1%), and uterus (3.3%). Aims and Objectives: A retrospective audit of breast cancer patients presenting at a tertiary referral center from 2004 to 2011. Materials and Methods: A total of 328 cases diagnosed as carcinoma breast on histopathology from year 2004 to 2011 were retrieved and studied retrospectively with regards to demographic profile and their histological features with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her2neu status.Results: The median age of presentation was 49 years of age. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC, not otherwise specified (NOS)) was the commonest histopathological variant (81.40%) followed by medullary carcinoma (10.36%) and mucinous carcinoma (2.74%). Triple negative were found to be the commonest group comprising 39.4% of all the cases followed by ER and PR both positive. Pathological tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging showed most common group was T 2 N 0 M 0 ( 19.5%) followed by T 2 N 1 M 0 (17.1%) and T 2 N 2 M 0 (14%). Conclusion: The incidence of breast cancer in the India and include a higher incidence of ER, PR, and Her2neu negative disease in west Delhi.
Clinicopathologic features and prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer in patients 40 years of age and younger in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abulkhair Omalkhair , Moghraby Jeelan S. , Badri Motasim , Alkushi Abdulmohsen 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a poor prognosis and overall survival (OS) compared to other types of breast cancer tumors. However, there is to date no evidence that this is also the case in Saudi Arabia.

DESIGN AND SETTING:
Retrospective review of breast cancer patients who were treated from January 2001 to December 2008 (517 patients) at the King AbdulAziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients were selected as TNBC if all three markers of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and the human epidermal growth factor (HER2) tested by immunohistochemistry as negative. They were then age- and stage-matched, and compared with non-TNBC patients to examine differences, if any, in their clinicopathologic features, prognosis and OS.

RESULTS:
Twenty-six patients with a follow up time of at least three years were identified as TNBC. Thirty-three patients who were age- and stage-matched were selected as the non-TNBC controls. Clinicopathologic results illustrated significantly more grade 3 tumors (P=.02) and CK 5/6 expression (P<.001) in the TNBC group compared to the non-TNBC group. TNBC patients aged ≤40 years showed a significantly worse prognosis and OS compared to TNBC patients aged >40 years (P=.01), and when compared to the non-TNBC group (P=.04).

CONCLUSION:
The incidence of TNBC in our cohort is similar to what has been illustrated in previous studies in Western population. There was no significant difference in 3-year survival between TNBC and non-TNBC groups. However, the aggressiveness of this type of tumor and OS is significantly higher in younger patients aged ≤40 years, compared to those over 40 years of age.
Ricœur’s Own Linguistic Turn
Authors: Pellauer David 
Published: July 2014

AbstractI want to discuss why it makes sense to speak of a linguistic turn in the philosophy of Paul Ricœur. He early on had said that “the word is my kingdom and I am not ashamed of it” without, at that time, spelling out just what this claim meant as regards a broader philosophy of language. Nor would he have had any difficulty in admitting that his attitude toward language and questions about language changed over time.Keywords : Analytic Philosophy, Linguistic Turn. RésuméJe souhaite discuter pourquoi il y a un sens à parler de tournant linguistique dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur. Il avait dit dès le début de son travail “la parole est mon royaume et je n'en ai point honte,” sans, à ce moment-là, spécifier ce que cette affirmation signifie au regard d'une philosophie du langage. Et il n'aurait pas eu de difficulté à admettre que son attitude envers le langage et les questions sur le langage a changé au fil du temps.Mots-clés: Philosophie analytique, Tournant linguistique.
D’une convergence remarquable entre phénoménologie et philosophie analytique: la lecture ricœurienne des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination
Authors: Amalric Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this article is to analyse the meaning and the implications of the comparative interpretation of Sartre’s and Ryle’s theses on imagination that Ricœur undertook in the still unpublished text of his Lectures on Imagination. These lectures were delivered at the University of Chicago in 1975. First, the article shows how Ricœur brings out a strong convergence, both in the method and in the presuppositions, of the Sartrean and Rylean conceptions of imagination : the choice of a descriptive method leads the two philosophers to a common critique of the mental image. Secondly, the article analyses the properly critical side of the Ricœurian interpretation by showing how it eventually brings to light the common theoretical limitation of Sartre’s and Ryle’s theses on imagination. According to Ricœur, those theses lead to a conception of image as picture and fail to consider the image as fiction, and so they remain locked in a theory of reproductive imagination and of the primacy of perception.RésuméCet article se propose d’analyser le sens et les enjeux de la lecture croisée des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination à laquelle se livre Ricœur dans le texte encore inédit des Lectures on imagination professées en 1975 à l’Université de Chicago. Dans un premier temps, il montre comment Ricœur met en relief une convergence forte, de méthode et de présupposés entre les conceptions sartrienne et rylienne de l’imagination : le choix d’une méthode descriptive conduisant les deux philosophes à une commune critique de l’image mentale. Puis, dans un second temps, il analyse le versant proprement critique de la lecture ricœurienne en montrant comment elle en vient à dénoncer une commune limitation théorique des thèses de Sartre et Ryle sur l’imagination. Selon Ricœur, ces thèses débouchent sur une conception de l’image comme tableau qui échoue à penser l’image comme fiction et elles restent de ce fait enfermées dans une théorie de l’imagination reproductrice et du primat de la perception.
Langage, imagination, et référence. Ricœur lecteur de Wittgenstein et Goodman
Authors: Lelièvre Samuel 
Published: July 2014

La lecture ricœurienne de la philosophie analytique sert un projet philosophique concentré sur l’approfondissement personnel d’un certain nombre de thématiques d’ordre théorique ou concernant l’histoire de la philosophie : sur le plan théorique, l’intérêt de Ricœur en direction de la tradition analytique s’ancre dans le problème de l’articulation entre le langage et le monde ; sur le plan d’un rapport à l’histoire de la philosophie, dans la question du passage d’une philosophie transcendantale à une philosophie contemporaine devant considérée de manière plus étroite le monde de l’expérience et des actions d’un homme faillible et capable. Dans cette perspective, une entrée possible dans une lecture ricœurienne de la philosophie analytique se joue à travers deux auteurs : Ludwig Wittgenstein et Nelson Goodman. Dans les deux cas, Ricœur confronte moins les approches et résultats d’une “philosophie analytique” à ceux d’une “philosophie continentale” qu’il ne cherche à renouveler sa réflexion sur le langage, l’imagination, et la référence. On pourra rendre compte de cette évolution à travers deux étapes : une première étape se concentrera sur la confrontation opérée par Ricœur entre la dernière philosophie de Husserl et la dernière philosophie de Wittgenstein ; lors d’une seconde étape, il s’agit de reconsidérer une lecture ricœurienne de la théorie générale de la référence de Goodman.
Recension Alberto Romele, L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp.
Authors: Furia Paolo 
Published: July 2014

Bookreview of, Alberto Romele, L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp. Compte rendu de l'ouvrage d'Alberto Romele, , L’expérience du verbum in corde, ou l’impuissance de l’herméneutique (Milan: Mimesis, 2013), 260 pp.
Self and Style: Life as Literature Revisited
Authors: Janaway Christopher 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
This article reappraises some aspects of Alexander Nehamas's Nietzsche: Life as Literature. It recognizes as strengths of the book Nehamas's emphasis on Nietzsche's mode of writing and his idea that unified selfhood is an exceptional state that is achieved rather than given. However, it takes issue with the claim that Nietzsche holds a superessentialist view of the self. That view is not clearly supported by textual evidence, does not follow from Nietzsche's regarding the self as simply a sequence of experiences and actions, and is not required in order to explain the “all-or-nothing” requirement of the eternal recurrence. The article argues further that unified selfhood cannot be accounted for solely on the model of literary character, given what is now generally recognized as Nietzsche's naturalistic psychology of drives. However, the Nietzschean self need not be viewed as immutable and is amenable to the influence of culture and consciousness in ways that may encourage a positive account of becoming a unified self.
Self-Interpreting Selves: Comments on Alexander Nehamas's Nietzsche: Life as Literature
Authors: Pippin Robert 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In this article, I discuss the legacy of Alexander Nehamas's 1985 book, Nietzsche: Life as Literature. I concentrate on his basic claim that “Nietzsche's model for the world, for objects, and for people turns out to be the literary text and its components; his model for our relation to the world turns out to be interpretation.” The criticisms of this notion that I raise have to do with whether this “model” accounts for the way Nietzsche understands self-knowledge and self-realization. I note as well the dangers of too aestheticized a view of Nietzsche's enterprise.
Williams and Nietzsche on the Significance of History for Moral Philosophy
Authors: Prescott-Couch Alexander 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
Many works describe themselves as “genealogies”, but it is far from clear that this term picks out a single kind of historical-philosophical project. This paper examines the role historical investigation plays in Bernard Williams's Truth and Truthfulness and contrasts it with the role of history in Nietzsche's genealogy. Williams himself saw the philosophical approach in Truth and Truthfulness as an appropriation of Nietzsche's historical method. However, the role of historical investigation in their respective works is in fact importantly different. Moreover, a key function of history in Nietzschean genealogy is to question assumptions that are required for history to play the role it does in Williams's project. Considering these differences can help us understand their respective projects as well as illustrate different ways historical investigation can be integrated into philosophical reflection.
Parallel Microdevice for High Throughput Analysis of Levofloxacin Using tris (2,2′-Bipyridyl) Ruthenium (II) and Peroxydisulfate Chemiluminescence System
Authors: Al Lawati Haider A J , Gharibi Eiman Al , Al Kindy Salma M Z , Suliman Fakhr Eldin O , Al-Lawati Ali M 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A parallel microdevice has been developed for high throughput analysis using microfluidics. The detection method is based on a chemiluminescence (CL) system based on the oxidation of tris (2,2′-bipyridyl) Ru(II) [Ru (bipy)32+] by peroxydisulfate. The device consists of a photoreactor chip and two detection chips. The sample throughput can reach up to 720 runs/h with the total reagent consumption of only 2.4 mL. The parallel microdevice was evaluated using levofloxacin (LEVO) in pharmaceutical preparations. The various factors that affect the CL signal were optimized, and the LOD was found to be 30 and 27 μg/L for the two detectors, respectively (S/N = 3), while RSD was 1.1% (n = 15) for 1.0 mg/L LEVO. Two tablet samples that contain LEVO as an active ingredient were successfully analyzed using the proposed parallel microdevice.
Identification of Indicator Components for the Discrimination of Cassia Plants in Health Teas and Development of Analytical Method for the Components
Authors: Takahashi Mitsuko , Sakurai Katsumi , Fujii Hisashi , Saito Koichi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Components that could be used as indicators for the discrimination of senna (Cassia angustifolia) from other cassia plants contained in health teas were identified, and an analytical method for the components was developed. Our results revealed two components in senna that were not found in other Cassia spp. widely used in health teas, such as C. alata, C. corymbosa, C. obtusifolia, and C. occidentalis. Structural elucidation of the two components showed that they were isorhamnetin-3-O-gentiobioside and tinnevellin glucoside. We analyzed commercial health teas using the HPLC method developed in this study. The two indicator components were detected at 366 nm using an RP C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of water and acetonitrile (with formic acid), as the mobile phase. Our analytical method by HPLC enabled the differentiation of senna from other Cassia plants present in health teas in which sennosides A and B were detected. Moreover, this method allowed us to predict the parts of senna in health teas from the amounts of isorhamnetin-3-O-gentiobioside and tinnevellin glucoside contained in the teas.
Simultaneous Determination of 20 Phthalate Esters in Oil-free Food by UPLC/MS/MS
Authors: Fan Ji-Cai , Jin Quan , Zhang Lei , Huang Xi-Hui , Ren Ren , Yang Zhong-Qiao 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A quantitative method was established for the determination of 20 phthalate esters (PAEs) in oil-free food by ultra-performance LC/MS/MS and was used to evaluate the PAEs of 111 oil-free samples from supermarkets in Hangzhou City. By quantification with the internal standard D4-bis(2-ethylexyl) phthalate, linearity ranges of the 20 PAEs were observed with correlation coefficients of 0.9990–0.9999. For liquid and solid sample, the spiking recoveries were 65.5–129.9% with RSD of 2.7–9.7% and 70.9–126.9% with RSD of 1.6–9.8% (n = 6), and the method LODs were 0.05–7.4 μg/L and 0.6–14.4 μg/kg, respectively. Most of the 111 oil-free samples had detectable PAEs; the detection rate was 23.0–42.0%, and the concentration of PAEs was in the range of 1.0–38 610.9 μg/kg. The detection rate in the drink packaged in a glass bottle was the highest, next was laver, and the detection rate in the drink packaged in a plastic bottle was the lowest.
Determination of Penicillin G in Milk Samples Using Its Effect on Cloud Point Extraction of Triiodide Ion
Authors: Pourreza Nahid , Fat'hi Mohammad Reza , Hatami Ali 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A cloud point extraction (CPE) method for determination of trace amounts of penicillin G by spectrophotometry based on its effect on the triiodide ion (I3–) has been developed. Penicillin G is converted to the corresponding penicilloic acid by carrying out hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide solution, and treatment with acid yields D-penicillamine that is oxidized quantitatively by iodine to give rise to a disulfide. The I3– remaining in the solution is extracted into the surfactant Triton X-100, and the difference between absorbance of the working solution in the presence and absence of penicillin G is proportional to the amount of penicillin G. The effects of different variables, such as concentrations of sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, surfactant, and I3– and the temperature and incubation time on the CPE were studied. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 50–1250 μg/L, and the LOD was 38 μg/L (n = 10). The RSD for 10 replicate determinations of 1000 μg/L of penicillin G was 1.0%. The method was applied to the determination of penicillin G in milk samples.
Method Validation and Proficiency Testing for Determination of Total Arsenic in Apple Juice by Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Yang , Reddy Ravinder M , McLaughlin Michael A , Al-Taher Fadwa , Yettella Ramesh R , Uhlig Steffen , Bläul Christian 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A proficiency test (PT) program for determination of total As in apple juice samples was conducted by the Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) laboratories. An analytical method using inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-MS was validated for this project. The LOD and LOQ were determined to be 0.315 and 2.32 ng/g, respectively. A total of eight apple juice samples were sent to 38 FERN laboratories, and results were statistically evaluated according to ISO 13528:2005. The total As concentrations in the PT samples reported by the participating laboratories were very close to those obtained in the homogeneity and stability tests. The reproducibility, repeatability, interlaboratory, and intralaboratory variability results led to 69% of participating laboratories being rated as satisfactory using the widely accepted |z| score ≤2 criterion. The percentage of laboratories with acceptable z scores (|z| scores ≤2) increased from 61 to 89% with the increase in As concentration in PT samples from 5.05 to 30.72 ng/g. This study demonstrated that the ICP/MS method was adequate for total As determination in fruit juice, and most of the participating laboratories were proficient in their analytical performance.