bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ironía verbal y actividad de imagen en el discurso de políticos y ciudadanos españoles en Twitter
Authors: Pano Alamán Ana 
Published: June 2015

Resumen
El propósito de este trabajo de carácter exploratorio, basado en los planteamientos de la pragmática sociocultural, es investigar las relaciones que se establecen entre la ironía verbal y las actividades de imagen en los intercambios entre políticos y ciudadanos en Twitter. A través del análisis de dos corpus de mensajes publicados en esta red, tratamos de ahondar en el estudio de la ironía y en la modalidad y direccionalidad de los efectos sociales que esta puede tener sobre la imagen y el rol social de los interactuantes. Asimismo, analizamos los efectos del comportamiento irónico en relación con las categorías de afiliación y autonomía, y de afiliación exacerbada y refractariedad. Los resultados muestran que, en este contexto político-ideológico, la ironía es multidireccional y tiene dos tipos de efectos: negativo o positivo, en función de la afiliación del hablante hacia un determinado grupo ideológico, así como de su rol social en el microblog.
Lost in translation in the middle of nowhere
Authors: Marjanoviš Tatjana 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Essentially a personal account of how translation is taught and assessed in the English department at the University of Banja Luka, this paper has been written in a very down-to-earth tone aiming to explain a broader social and educational context which determines the way translation is perceived in and outside the classroom. Going beyond a critical overview of how the department‘s translation class is managed, the paper ends with practical suggestions as to how translation teaching and assessment could be improved despite a number of institutional limitations surrounding it.
La relation enseignant/apprenti traducteur dans le processus de formation à la traduction. Étude de cas: les mémoires de fin d‟études
Authors: Eiben Ileana Neli 
Published: June 2015

Résumé
Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de présenter les difficultés que les étudiants en langues étrangères appliquées, plus particulièrement ceux de l‘Université de l‘Ouest de Timişoara, sont tenus à résoudre pendant la rédaction de leurs mémoires de fin d‘études. Nous nous interrogeons sur la façon dont l‘enseignant peut répondre aux attentes des apprentis traducteurs lors d‘un moment-clé de leur vie: fin de leur formation universitaire et début de l‘activité professionnelle. L‘enseignant joue un róle important: il les guide de près dans leurs activités tout en leur enseignant à devenir autonomes. Il les stimule à prendre confiance dans leur capacité d‘apprentissage qui leur servira dans l‘activité professionnelle et dans la vie. En collaborant avec les étudiants, il les aide à faire face aux défis de la nouvelle société caractérisée par l‘instabilité de l‘emploi.
The translation of Italian opera librettos in the nineteenth century: historical and cultural milestones
Authors: Cosma Iulia 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Nella storia moderna della traduzione in romeno, il periodo 1840-1900, come sottolinea la studiosa Georgiana Lungu Badea in Un capitol de traductologie românească. Studii de istorie a traducerii (III) [Un capitolo di traduttologia romena. Studi di storia della traduzione (III)], è contrassegnato dalle ricerche identitarie della lingua di arrivo. In quest'ottica, la traduzione integrale o parziale di un numero significativo di libretti d'opera dall'italiano al romeno si rivela un fenomeno la cui analisi possa offrire dei validi temi di riflessione sia dal punto di vista della storia della traduzione, sia di quello della storia della lingua e della storia culturale.
Correlating the Vibration Modal Analysis Parameters to the Material Impact Toughness for Austempered Ductile Iron
Authors: Nassef Mohamed GA , Elkhatib Ahmed , Hamed Mahmoud 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Modal analysis is used in identifying the dynamic parameters of the mechanical components in different industrial applications. A growing research interest focuses on the use of modal testing as an alternative to the destructive testing methods used to predict the mechanical properties of components. This paper investigates the ability of modal analysis technique to predict the impact toughness of metallic parts. The sensitivity of the modal parameters to the change of the material impact toughness is investigated for austempered ductile cast iron (ADI), heat treated at different holding times. Modal testing is applied on four groups of specimens before and after heat treatment, after which the Charpy v-notched impact test is conducted on the same specimens to obtain the toughness value at each austempering holding time. The analysis of results from both tests reveals the potential of modal analysis in predicting the impact toughness values for the tested material.
Use of statins is associated with lower serum total and non-sex hormone-binding globulin-bound testosterone levels in male participants of the Rotterdam Study
Authors: de Keyser Catherine E , de Lima Filipe Valerio , de Jong Frank H , Hofman Albert , de Rijke Yolanda B , Uitterlinden André G , Visser Loes E , Stricker Bruno H 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveStatins, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, decrease cholesterol production. Because cholesterol is a precursor of the testosterone biosynthesis pathway, there is some concern that statins might lower serum testosterone levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between the use of statins and serum testosterone levels in men.DesignCross-sectional study within the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study.Subjects and methodsWe included 4166 men with available data on total testosterone, non-sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-bound testosterone, and medication use. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to compare the differences in serum testosterone levels (nmol/l) between current, past, and never statin users. We considered dose and duration of use. Analyses were adjusted for age, BMI, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and estradiol levels.ResultsWe identified 577 current (mean age 64.1 years), 148 past (mean age 64.6 years), and 3441 never (mean age 64.6 years) statin users. Adjusted for all covariables, current statin use of 1–≤6 months or >6 months was significantly associated with lower total testosterone levels as compared to non-users (β −1.24, 95% CI −2.17, −0.31, and β −1.14, 95% CI −2.07, −0.20 respectively). Current use of 1–≤6 months was also associated with significantly lower non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels (β −0.42, 95% CI −0.82, −0.02). There was a trend toward lower testosterone levels at higher statin doses both for total (Ptrend 2.9×10−5) and non-SHBG-bound (Ptrend 2.0×10−4) testosterone. No association between past statin use and testosterone levels was found.ConclusionWe showed that current use of statins was associated with significantly lower serum total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels. The clinical relevance of this association should be further investigated.
Maternal Sensitivity in Parenting Preterm Children: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Bilgin Ayten , Wolke Dieter 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Preterm birth is a significant stressor for parents and may adversely impact maternal parenting behavior. However, findings have been inconsistent. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine whether mothers of preterm children behave differently (eg, less responsive or sensitive) in their interactions with their children after they are discharged from the hospital than mothers of term children.

METHODS:
Medline, PsychInfo, ERIC, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched from January 1980 through May 2014 with the following keywords: “premature”, “preterm”, “low birth weight” in conjunction with “maternal behavio*r”, “mother-infant interaction”, “maternal sensitivity”, and “parenting”. Both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies that used an observational measure of maternal parenting behavior were eligible. Study results relating to parenting behaviors defined as sensitivity, facilitation, and responsivity were extracted, and mean estimates were combined with random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS:
Thirty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Mothers of preterm and full-term children did not differ significantly from each other in terms of their behavior toward their children (Hedges’ g = −0.07; 95% confidence interval: −0.22 to 0.08; z = −0.94; P = .35). The heterogeneity between studies was significant and high (Q = 156.42; I2 = 78.9, P = .001) and not explained by degree of prematurity, publication date, geographical area, infant age, or type of maternal behavior.

CONCLUSIONS:
Mothers of preterm children were not found to be less sensitive or responsive toward their children than mothers of full-term children.
Recovery From Central Nervous System Acute Demyelination in Children
Authors: O’Mahony Julia , Marrie Ruth Ann , Laporte Audrey , Yeh E. Ann , Bar-Or Amit , Phan Cathy , Buckley David , Callen David , Connolly Mary B. , Pohl Daniela , Dilenge Marie-Emmanuelle , Bernard Geneviève , Lortie Anne , Lowry Noel , MacDonald E. Athen , Meek David , Sébire Guillaume , Venkateswaran Sunita , Wood Ellen , Yager Jerome , Banwell Brenda 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:
Few prospective studies have systematically evaluated the extent of recovery from incident acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS) of the central nervous system in children.

METHODS:
In a national cohort study of pediatric ADS, severity of the incident attack and extent of recovery by 12 months were evaluated. Annual evaluations were used to determine current diagnoses (monophasic ADS or multiple sclerosis [MS]) and new deficits.

RESULTS:
Of 283 children, 244 (86%) required hospitalization for a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 6 (3–10) days, and 184 had moderate or severe deficits; 41 children were profoundly encephalopathic, 129 were unable to ambulate independently, and 59 with optic neuritis (ON) had moderately or severely impaired vision. Those with transverse myelitis (TM) and patients with monophasic disease were more likely to have moderate or severe deficits at onset. Twenty-seven children (10%) did not experience full neurologic recovery from their incident attack; 12 have severe residual deficits. Monophasic illness, TM, and moderate or severe deficits at onset were associated with poor recovery. After a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.06 (3.41–6.97) years, 59 children (21%) were diagnosed with MS; all recovered fully from their incident ADS attacks, although 6 subsequently acquired irreversible deficits after a median (IQR) observation period of 5.93 (4.01–7.02) years.

CONCLUSIONS:
ADS is a serious illness, with 86% of affected Canadian children requiring hospitalization. More than 90% of children recovered physically from their ADS event, including those children experiencing onset of MS. However, permanent visual or spinal cord impairment occurred in some children with ON or TM.
Automated Assessment of Children’s Postoperative Pain Using Computer Vision
Authors: Sikka Karan , Ahmed Alex A. , Diaz Damaris , Goodwin Matthew S. , Craig Kenneth D. , Bartlett Marian S. , Huang Jeannie S. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:
Current pain assessment methods in youth are suboptimal and vulnerable to bias and underrecognition of clinical pain. Facial expressions are a sensitive, specific biomarker of the presence and severity of pain, and computer vision (CV) and machine-learning (ML) techniques enable reliable, valid measurement of pain-related facial expressions from video. We developed and evaluated a CVML approach to measure pain-related facial expressions for automated pain assessment in youth.

METHODS:
A CVML-based model for assessment of pediatric postoperative pain was developed from videos of 50 neurotypical youth 5 to 18 years old in both endogenous/ongoing and exogenous/transient pain conditions after laparoscopic appendectomy. Model accuracy was assessed for self-reported pain ratings in children and time since surgery, and compared with by-proxy parent and nurse estimates of observed pain in youth.

RESULTS:
Model detection of pain versus no-pain demonstrated good-to-excellent accuracy (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.84–0.94) in both ongoing and transient pain conditions. Model detection of pain severity demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations (r = 0.65–0.86 within; r = 0.47–0.61 across subjects) for both pain conditions. The model performed equivalently to nurses but not as well as parents in detecting pain versus no-pain conditions, but performed equivalently to parents in estimating pain severity. Nurses were more likely than the model to underestimate youth self-reported pain ratings. Demographic factors did not affect model performance.

CONCLUSIONS:
CVML pain assessment models derived from automatic facial expression measurements demonstrated good-to-excellent accuracy in binary pain classifications, strong correlations with patient self-reported pain ratings, and parent-equivalent estimation of children’s pain levels over typical pain trajectories in youth after appendectomy.
Global and Regional Burden of Isoniazid-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Yuen Courtney M. , Jenkins Helen E. , Rodriguez Carly A. , Keshavjee Salmaan , Becerra Mercedes C. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND:
Isoniazid has been the backbone of tuberculosis chemotherapy for 6 decades. Resistance to isoniazid threatens the efficacy of treatment of tuberculosis disease and infection. To inform policies around treatment of tuberculosis disease and infection in children, we sought to estimate both the proportion of child tuberculosis cases with isoniazid resistance and the number of incident isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis cases in children, by region.

METHODS:
We determined the relationship between rates of isoniazid resistance among child cases and among treatment-naive adult cases through a systematic literature review. We applied this relationship to regional isoniazid resistance estimates to estimate proportions of childhood tuberculosis cases with isoniazid resistance. We applied these proportions to childhood tuberculosis incidence estimates to estimate numbers of children with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis.

RESULTS:
We estimated 12.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 9.8% to 14.8%) of all children with tuberculosis had isoniazid-resistant disease, representing 120 872 (95% CI 96 628 to 149 059) incident cases of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children in 2010. The majority of these occurred in the Western Pacific and Southeast Asia regions; the European region had the highest proportion of child tuberculosis cases with isoniazid resistance, 26.1% (95% CI: 20.0% to 33.6%).

CONCLUSIONS:
The burden of isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis in children is substantial, and risk varies considerably by setting. The large number of child cases signals extensive ongoing transmission from adults with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis. The risk of isoniazid resistance must be considered when evaluating treatment options for children with disease or latent infection to avoid inadequate treatment and consequent poor outcomes.
El comportamiento de los precios en una economía preindustrial: Popayán, virreinato de Nueva Granada, 1706-1819
Authors: Torres James Vladimir 
Published: June 2015

<p>En este artículo se construyen y analizan series de precios para 38 productos en Popayán, entre 1706 y 1819. El estudio presenta tres constataciones importantes. La primera, que los precios en esta economía eran bastante dinámicos y que, por tanto, el mercado estaba lejos de ser estático, como sustentaron en su momento algunos especialistas. La segunda, que existió un cambio en los precios relativos que favoreció algunos sectores en detrimento de otros. Finalmente, el análisis del índice general de precios muestra la existencia de ciclos de inflación-deflación que presentaron una importante relación con la minería. Para explicar esta correspondencia, se construyó un modelo que permite observar la relación entre variables reales y nominales</p>
A Time-Trend Economic Analysis of Cancer Drug Trials
Authors: Cressman Sonya , Browman George P. , Hoch Jeffrey S. , Kovacic Laurel , Peacock Stuart J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background.
Scientific advances have led to the discovery of novel treatments with high prices. The cost to publicly fund high-cost drugs may threaten the sustainability of drug budgets in different health care systems. In oncology, there are concerns that health-benefit gains are diminishing over time and that the economic evidence to support funding decisions is too limited.

Methods.
To assess the additional costs and benefits gained from oncology drugs over time, we used treatment protocols and efficacy results from U.S. Food and Drug Administration records to calculate cost-effectiveness ratios for drugs approved to treat first- and second-line metastatic or advanced breast, colorectal, and non-small cell lung cancer during the years 1994–2013. We assessed reimbursement recommendations reached by health technology assessment agencies in the U.K., Australia, and Canada.

Results.
Cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated for 50 drugs approved by the U.S. regulator. The more recent approvals were often based on surrogate efficacy outcomes and had extremely high costs, often triple the costs of drugs approved in previous years. Over time, the effectiveness gains have increased for some cancer indications; however, for other indications (non-small cell lung and second-line colorectal cancer), the magnitude of gains in effectiveness decreased. Reimbursement recommendations for drugs with the highest cost-effectiveness ratios were the most inconsistent.

Conclusion.
Evaluation of the clinical benefits that oncology drugs offer as a function of their cost has become highly complex, and for some clinical indications, health benefits are diminishing over time. There is an urgent need for better economic evidence from oncology drug trials and systematic processes to inform funding decisions.

Implications for Practice:
High-cost oncology drugs may threaten the ability of health care systems to provide access to promising new drugs for patients. In order to make better drug-funding decisions and enable equitable access to breakthrough treatments, discussions in the oncology community should include economic evidence. This study summarizes the extra benefits and costs of newly approved drugs from pivotal trials during the postgenomic era of drug discovery. The reader will gain an appreciation of the need for economic evidence to make better drug-reimbursement decisions and the dynamics at play in today's oncology drug market.
Delays in Breast Cancer Presentation and Diagnosis at Two Rural Cancer Referral Centers in Rwanda
Authors: Pace Lydia E. , Mpunga Tharcisse , Hategekimana Vedaste , Dusengimana Jean-Marie Vianney , Habineza Hamissy , Bigirimana Jean Bosco , Mutumbira Cadet , Mpanumusingo Egide , Ngiruwera Jean Paul , Tapela Neo , Amoroso Cheryl , Shulman Lawrence N. , Keating Nancy L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background.
Breast cancer incidence is increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Mortality/incidence ratios in LMICs are higher than in high-income countries, likely at least in part because of delayed diagnoses leading to advanced-stage presentations. In the present study, we investigated the magnitude, impact of, and risk factors for, patient and system delays in breast cancer diagnosis in Rwanda.

Materials and Methods.
We interviewed patients with breast complaints at two rural Rwandan hospitals providing cancer care and reviewed their medical records to determine the diagnosis, diagnosis date, and breast cancer stage.

Results.
A total of 144 patients were included in our analysis. Median total delay was 15 months, and median patient and system delays were both 5 months. In multivariate analyses, patient and system delays of ≥6 months were significantly associated with more advanced-stage disease. Adjusting for other social, demographic, and clinical characteristics, a low level of education and seeing a traditional healer first were significantly associated with a longer patient delay. Having made ≥5 health facility visits before the diagnosis was significantly associated with a longer system delay. However, being from the same district as one of the two hospitals was associated with a decreased likelihood of system delay.

Conclusion.
Patients with breast cancer in Rwanda experience long patient and system delays before diagnosis; these delays increase the likelihood of more advanced-stage presentations. Educating communities and healthcare providers about breast cancer and facilitating expedited referrals could potentially reduce delays and hence mortality from breast cancer in Rwanda and similar settings.

Implications for Practice:
Breast cancer rates are increasing in low- and middle-income countries, and case fatality rates are high, in part because of delayed diagnosis and treatment. This study examined the delays experienced by patients with breast cancer at two rural Rwandan cancer facilities. Both patient delays (the interval between symptom development and the patient's first presentation to a healthcare provider) and system delays (the interval between the first presentation and diagnosis) were long. The total delays were the longest reported in published studies. Longer delays were associated with more advanced-stage disease. These findings suggest that an opportunity exists to reduce breast cancer mortality in Rwanda by addressing barriers in the community and healthcare system to promote earlier detection.
Zhivaia Starina
Authors: Akhmetova M. V. , Nikolaev (transl.) D. S. 
Published: June 2015

The Russian journal Zhivaia Starina [Living Antiquity] continues the activity of the journal of the same name that had been published by the Russian Geographical Society in 1890—1917. The renewal of its publication was undertaken in 1994 by the State Center of the Republic for Russian Folklore.
EmoÃ§Ãµes e auto-regulaÃ§Ã£o em processos de mudanÃ§a pessoal deliberada: Um estudo de caso
Authors: Lopes Paulo Nuno , Coyle Adrian , Gallie Jack 
Published: June 2015

InvestigÃ¡mos as experiÃªncias de mudanÃ§a pessoal deliberada de dois jovens adultos, no que respeita a hÃ¡bitos de estudo e de interacÃ§Ã£o social, atravÃ©s de um estudo de caso baseado em entrevistas. Ambos os participantes falaram de um comportamento que tinham alterado e de outro que gostariam de alterar. UsÃ¡mos a anÃ¡lise temÃ¡tica para interpretar as suas histÃ³rias e compreender as suas trajectÃ³rias de desenvolvimento pessoal de uma forma integrada e contextualizada. Nesta anÃ¡lise, exploramos a forma como os enviesamentos de raciocÃ­nio podem deter ou impulsionar a mudanÃ§a, bem como o papel das emoÃ§Ãµes na tomada de decisÃ£o face a perspectivas incertas. Estes temas realÃ§am o papel da auto-regulaÃ§Ã£o na mudanÃ§a deliberada, ajudando-nos a compreender a experiÃªncia de ambivalÃªncia em relaÃ§Ã£o Ã mudanÃ§a e a dificuldade de prever trajectÃ³rias de desenvolvimento. Partindo da teoria e da investigaÃ§Ã£o sobre enviesamentos na previsÃ£o de estados emocionais, argumentamos que a dificuldade de antecipar e sentir o impacto emocional de uma decisÃ£o ajuda a explicar a ambivalÃªncia em relaÃ§Ã£o Ã mudanÃ§a pessoal e o facto de as pessoas por vezes nÃ£o agirem em conformidade com as suas crenÃ§as racionais.