bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality, pathology and mindsets: part 2 – cultural traits and enantiomers
Authors: Yolles Maurice , Fink Gerhard 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– Based on the cybernetic agency theory of part 1, the paper creates a parallel theory to Maruyama's Mindscape theory called mindset theory, relying on the three-trait organisational value system of Sagiv and Schwartz that arises from extensive theoretical and empirical work on cultural values originally undertaken by Shalom Schwartz. The derived normative personality types are embedded into a cultural system and interacting with a social system. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the paper deals with Sorokin's theory of the immanent cultural dynamics arising from swings between more sensate or more ideational culture. For characterisation of interaction with the social environment, the paper relies on the dramatist/patterner trait from empirical work by Shotwell et al., which acts as an attractor of agency behaviour. Thus, the paper designs a five trait agency model, with one trait that serves as an attractor of agency behaviour, three formative normative personality traits, and one social trait that directs the how of behaviour.

Findings
– The Sagiv-Schwartz mindset types reveal the missing four types of the Maruyama-universe, as sought by Boje. Sagiv-Schwartz mindset types create generic transparency and a theoretical and empirical base for the selection of mindset meta-types. Through its perfect match with Mindset Agency Theory as developed in part 1, this research creates a structural model that has the potential to distinguish between normal and pathological personalities within the same framework.

Research limitations/implications
– The modelling approach can be applied to social, economic and political situations, with the likelihood of anticipating the likely behaviour of social collectives like durable organisation and/or nation states. Analytical and empirical application in different contexts is yet to be provided.

Practical implications
– The paper sets up a means by which patterns of behaviour can be analysed in different organisational or national contexts. Empirical analysis based on this theory has the potential to identify normal states and shifts away from normal states of social systems, which may shift into stages of tension and crises, and/or mobilise forces directed towards paradigm changes in social systems.

Originality/value
– The paper draws on earlier work undertaken in the last few years by the same authors, who in a new way are pursuing new directions and extensions of that earlier research.
The human factor: a successful acquisition in Brazil
Authors: Wagner Bruno , Victoria Garibaldi de Hilal Adriana 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this case study was to identify how the human factor influenced the 2010 acquisition of company X's cement factory, located in town C in the Brazilian State of Goiás, by the multinational company A.Design/methodology/approach– Seventeen in-depth interviews were conducted with employees who participated of the acquisition process: 15 with professionals with leadership roles at the factory, the others with company A corporate executives. The data collected were qualitatively treated using discourse analysis to unveil the perceptions of the interviewees.Findings– The discussion involved topics such as: resistance to change, uncertainty, employees' expectations and commitment, stress, employee turnover and retention. The present study contextualizes existing theoretical approaches, and its main conclusion confirms that not all M&A processes cause permanent negative impacts that lead to the failure of the acquisition or are perceived as a strong and lasting source of uncertainty by the employees of the involved companies. On the contrary, depending mainly on the perception, employees have of their working conditions at the time the acquisition process takes place; on the strategic relevance of the acquisition to the acquiring company (its motivation); on how the process is managed by the executives of the acquiring company; on the communication strategy employed by the acquiring company, as well as on the understanding of the cultural setting; and on the acquiring company having an organizational culture with policies that value employees, the community and sustainability; this change can be perceived as favourable by employees thus fostering a successful acculturation and outcome. Finally, this study is considered valuable to researchers and practitioners as it indicates that although the human factor is not considered a priority in most M&A processes, it is clearly paramount to its success or failure, specially in lock-in situations when the acquiring and acquired companies have complementary and reciprocal interdependencies.Research limitations/implications– In spite of the contributions of this research to the field of studies on M&A, the authors have to acknowledge limitations, such us: as town C was a small factory at the time of the acquisition, there were only 17 interviewees, which does not constitute a large sample. The possibility of a certain amount of unavoidable subjectivity in both the interviewees when relating their experience and the interviewer when analyzing the collected data. As stated before, being a case study, results cannot be generalized.Originality/value– This research adds to the actual state of the art on M&A signalling that there should be a match between the strategies selected by the executives of the acquiring company and the specificities of the human factor and its cultural environment. Specifically, this case study contributes to theory advancement by proposing the concept of lock-in in M&A.
An empirical investigation of high-risk occupations
Authors: M. Russell Lisa 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations and how leadership moderates this relationship. Thus, the primary research question addressed within this study is: What is the relationship between stress and burnout in high-risk occupations as governed by transformational leadership behavior?

Design/methodology/approach
– An analysis of primary data obtained by survey from 379 police officers from nine southern and southwestern agencies was conducted. Hierarchical regression analysis, multiple moderated hierarchical regression analysis, bivariate correlation analyses and other statistical methods are used.

Findings
– Results indicate police stress exacerbates perceived burnout. Transformational leadership influences this relationship such that high levels of perceived transformational leadership attenuates the negative relationship between stress and burnout, but less so under highly stressful conditions. Findings have strong implications for leaders in high-risk occupations where bureaucracy, departmental policy, and life and death decision-making intersect.

Research limitations/implications
– This study can be used as a basis for further inquiry into the effects of transformational leadership on individuals' perceptions of performance, behavioral and psychological criterion variables in high-risk occupations.

Practical implications
– The assessment of relationships among stress and burnout in high-risk occupational settings potentially allows managers to better understand how to structure supervisor-subordinate relationships in order to minimize the effects of stress on perceived burnout and provides a more realistic view of how individuals in high-risk occupations are influenced by leader behaviors under stressful conditions.

Originality/value
– This study is thought to be the only one to evaluate the moderated relationships among stress, transformational leadership and burnout in high-risk occupations characterized by increasingly stressful circumstances. More specifically, the notion that individuals in high-risk occupations perceive burnout differently than those in less-risky occupations is not prevalent in the literature.
Partnership between life insurers and their intermediaries
Authors: Yu Tsu-Wei , Shiu Yung-Ming 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this study attempts to fill the gap in the literature by investigating partnerships between life insurers and insurance intermediaries, the effects of these partnerships, and the parties' willingness to cooperate.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected in a survey of general managers of the insurance intermediaries in Taiwan and were analysed using in-depth interviews and questionnaires. A structural equation modelling approach is employed to test the hypotheses.Findings– The paper finds that partnership components, communication strategies, conflict resolution approaches, and market orientation are related to partnership performance. The paper also finds that willingness to continue cooperation increases with partnership performance. The results have implications for managers of life insurers and their intermediaries.Originality/value– This research is one of the first studies to conceptualize and empirically examine the partnerships of life insurers and insurance intermediaries. Theoretically, a specification of the linkages between characteristics of the partnership, communication strategies, conflict resolution approaches, the market orientation of the partners, the partnership's performance and both parties' willingness to continue cooperation can provide a useful framework for future research. Practically, this study offers insights into how to proactively manage partnerships in order to improve partnership performance, willingness to continue cooperation and avoid the damaging costs inherent in failure.
The role of individual cultural traits and proactivity in an organizational setting
Authors: D. Carson Kerry , S. Baker David , A. Lanier Patricia 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this research is to assess the impact of espoused individual cultural traits on proactive behaviors within an organizational environment. While there have been many reports about the positive outcomes of proactivity, there is much less known about the antecedents, particularly those related to culture.Design/methodology/approach– Sales employees (n=147) in a multi-national organization from Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA were surveyed to assess the impact of cultural trait influences on proactive behavior at the individual level. Using linear regression and partial least squares structural equation modeling, three independent variables were found to be significant antecedents to proactive behavior.Findings– Long-term orientation positively influenced proactive behaviors as did uncertainty avoidance. Uncertainty avoidance was hypothesized to have a negative impact on proactive behaviors, but the results of this study implied that individuals found it safer to adjust to a fluid environment rather than to remain inflexible. No relationship was found between power distance and proactivity. Masculinity was found to be positively related to proactive behaviors but collectivism was not.Research limitations/implications– The results of this study should be limited to its own population and not generalized to larger, more culturally diverse populations which were not represented in the sample.Practical implications– This study provides better understanding of managerial proactive behavior related to cultural traits, particularly in the domain of field sales.Originality/value– This study is unique in that it explores individual proactivity in an organizational selling environment related to cultural traits at the individual level.
Experience with the “da Vinci” robotic system for early‐stage thymomas: Report of 23 cases
Authors: Huang Ping , Ye Bo , Yang Yu , Tantai Ji‐Cheng , Zhao Heng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to report a single referral center experience in robotic extended thymectomy for clinical early stage thymomas, evaluating its safety, feasibility and efficacy, with special regard to oncological outcomes.MethodsBetween January 2009 and December 2012, we retrospectively selected patients who underwent robotic extended thymectomy for clinical early stage thymomas. Operative time, morbidity, mortality, duration of hospitalization, and overall and disease‐free survival were analyzed.ResultsThere were 23 patients (15 males, eight females) with a mean age of 49.3 years (range 20–66). There were no intra‐operative complications, and no mortality. The mean operative time was 85.2 minutes (range 60–180). No patient underwent conversion to open surgery. All post‐operative complications (4.3%) were conservatively treated. The mean post‐operative stay was 3.6 days (range two to nine). The pathological analysis revealed Masaoka stage I (21 cases) and II (two cases). No disease recurrence occurred at a mean follow‐up of 24.8 months.ConclusionsRobotic thymectomy is a safe and feasible technique, with a short operative time and low morbidity. Even on a small series with short follow‐up, robotic extended thymectomy for thymoma appeared to be an effective treatment for early‐stage thymomas.
Cultural Influences on Substance Use Among Hispanic Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings From ProjectRED
Authors: Unger Jennifer B. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHispanic adolescents represent a growing segment of the U.S. population. In addition to the typical stressors encountered during adolescence,Hispanic adolescents may experience acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and conflicts with parents about acculturation, which can lead to maladaptive behaviors such as substance use. Personal cultural resources may helpHispanic youth cope with cultural stressors and avoid substance use, but little is known about how such factors affect decisions about substance use. In 2005, my research group began studying a group ofHispanic adolescents inLosAngeles. The participants completed surveys annually about cultural issues such as acculturation, ethnic identity, and perceived discrimination; family and peer relationships; and use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana. We found thatHispanic adolescents' perceptions that they were discriminated against put them at greater risk for substance use, and thatHispanic orientation protected the youth from substance use. The findings can inform the development of culturally relevant prevention interventions forHispanic adolescents and emerging adults.
Antiviral T‐cell therapy
Authors: Leen Ann M. , Heslop Helen E. , Brenner Malcolm K. 
Published: February 2014

SummarySerious viral infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. They occur in the majority of allograft recipients and are fatal in 17–20%. These severe infections may be prolonged or recurrent and add substantially to the cost, both human and financial, of the procedure. Many features of allogeneic stem cell transplantation contribute to this high rate of viral disease. The cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs administered pretransplant to eliminate the host hematopoietic/immune system and any associated malignancy, the delay in recapitulating immune ontogeny post‐transplant, the immunosuppressive drugs given to prevent graft versus host disease (GvHD), and the effects of GvHD itself, all serve to make stem cell transplant recipients vulnerable to disease from endogenous (latent) and exogenous (community) viruses, and to be incapable of controlling them as quickly and effectively as most normal individuals.
Inflammatory triggers of acute rejection of organ allografts
Authors: Mori Daniel N. , Kreisel Daniel , Fullerton James N. , Gilroy Derek W. , Goldstein Daniel R. 
Published: February 2014

SummarySolid organ transplantation is a vital therapy for end stage diseases. Decades of research have established that components of the adaptive immune system are critical for transplant rejection, but the role of the innate immune system in organ transplantation is just emerging. Accumulating evidence indicates that the innate immune system is activated at the time of organ implantation by the release of endogenous inflammatory triggers. This review discusses the nature of these triggers in organ transplantation and also potential mediators that may enhance inflammation resolution after organ implantation.
Signals and pathways controlling regulatory T cells
Authors: Huynh Alexandria , Zhang Ruan , Turka Laurence A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryInduction of specific immune tolerance to grafts remains the sought‐after standard following transplantation. Defined by expression of the Foxp3 (forkhead box protein 3) transcription factor, the regulatory T‐cell (Treg) lineage has been noted to exert potent immunoregulatory functions that contribute to specific graft tolerance. In this review, we discuss the known signals and pathways which govern Treg development, both in the thymus and in peripheral sites, as well as lineage maintenance and homeostasis. In particular, we highlight the roles of T‐cell receptor signaling, CD28 costimulation, and signals through phosphatidyl inositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) and related metabolic pathways in multiple aspects of Treg biology.
The complex and central role of interferon‐γ in graft‐versus‐host disease and graft‐versus‐tumor activity
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Yong‐Guang 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAllogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT) is increasingly being performed to treat patients with hematologic malignancies. However, separating the beneficial graft‐versus‐tumor (GVT) or graft‐versus‐leukemia effects from graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) has been difficult and remains a significant challenge toward improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing toxicity of allo‐HCT. GVHD is induced by donor T cells that also mediate potent anti‐tumor responses. However, despite the largely shared effector mechanisms, extensive animal studies have demonstrated the potential of dissociating the GVT effect from GVHD. Also in many clinical cases, long‐term remission was achieved following allo‐HCT, without significant GVHD. A better mechanistic understanding of the immunopathophysiology of GVHD and GVT effects may potentially help to improve allo‐HCT as well as maximize the benefit of GVT effects while minimizing GVHD. In this article, we review the role of IFN‐γ in regulation of alloresponses following allo‐HCT, with a focus on the mechanisms of how this cytokine may separate GVHD from GVT effects.
Transplantation tolerance: from theory to clinic
Authors: Fuchs Ephraim J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTolerance induction and alloreactivity can be applied to the clinic for the transplantation of solid organs and in the treatment of human cancers respectively. Hematopoietic chimerism, the stable coexistence of host and donor blood cells, guarantees that a solid organ from the same donor will be tolerated without a requirement for maintenance immunosuppression, and it also serves as a platform for the adoptive immunotherapy of hematologic malignancies using donor lymphocyte infusions. This review focuses on clinically relevant methods for inducing hematopoietic chimerism and transplantation tolerance, with a special emphasis on reduced intensity transplantation conditioning and high dose, post‐transplantation cyclophosphamide to prevent graft rejection and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Reduced intensity transplantation regimens permit a transient cooperation between donor and host immune systems to eradicate malignancy without producing GVHD. Their favorable toxicity profile also enables the application of allogeneic stem cell transplantation to treat non‐malignant disorders of hematopoiesis and to induce tolerance for solid organ transplantation.
Recollective homeostasis and the immune consequences of peritransplant depletional induction therapy
Authors: Rosenblum Joshua M. , Kirk Allan D. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryOne's cellular immune repertoire is composed of lymphocytes in multiple stages of maturation – the dynamic product of their responses to antigenic challenges and the homeostatic contractions necessary to accommodate immune expansions within physiologic norms. Given that alloreactivity is predominantly a cross‐reactive phenomenon that is stochastically distributed throughout the overall T‐cell repertoire, one's allospecific repertoire is similarly made up of cells in a variety of differentiation states. As such, the continuous expansion and elimination of activated memory populations, producing a ‘recollective homeostasis’ of sorts, has the potential over time to alter the maturation state and effector composition of both ones protective and alloreactive T‐cell repertoire. Importantly, a T cell's maturation state significantly influences its response to numerous immunomodulatory therapies used in organ transplantation, including depletional antibody induction. In this review, we discuss clinically utilized depletional induction strategies, how their use alters a transplant recipient's cellular immune repertoire, and how a recipient's repertoire influences the clinical effects of induction therapy.
Induction of transplantation tolerance through regulatory cells: from mice to men
Authors: Ferrer Ivana R. , Hester Joanna , Bushell Andrew , Wood Kathryn J. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryOrgan transplantation results in the activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses to the foreign antigens. While these responses can be limited with the use of systemic immunosuppressants, the induction of regulatory cell populations may be a novel strategy for the maintenance of specific immunological unresponsiveness that can reduce the severity of the detrimental side effects of current therapies. Our group has extensively researched different regulatory T‐cell induction protocols for use as cellular therapy in transplantation. In this review, we address the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind regulatory T‐cell suppression and their stability following induction protocols. We further discuss the use of different hematopoietically derived regulatory cell populations, including regulatory B cells, regulatory macrophages, tolerogenic dendritic cells, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, for the induction of transplantation tolerance in light of new clinical trials developing therapies with some of these populations.