bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophil count were associated with mild allergic asthma only in non‐smokers
Authors: Giovannelli J. , Chérot‐Kornobis N. , Hulo S. , Ciuchete A. , Clément G. , Amouyel P. , Matran R. , Dauchet L. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and the blood eosinophil count (B‐eos) are markers of eosinophilic inflammation used in the diagnosis and management of asthma. The relationships between smoking cigarette and both FENO and B‐eos are complex and raise questions about the association between these markers and asthma in smokers.ObjectiveTo determine the relationships between both FENO and B‐eos on one hand and asthma and atopy on the other, according to smoking status.MethodsFENO and B‐eos were measured in, respectively, 1579 and 1496 of the 1607 middle‐aged adults randomly selected from the general population in the cross‐sectional ELISABET survey. Allergic asthma was defined as asthma (a self‐report of physician‐diagnosed asthma, and wheezing in the previous 12 months or the use of asthma medications) with atopy (allergic rhinitis or hayfever in the previous 12 months, or a previous positive prick test or allergen desensitization therapy). Non‐allergic asthma was defined as asthma without atopy.ResultsThe analysis included 812 (51.4%) never, 473 (30%) former and 294 (18.6%) current smokers. A total of 490 (32%) participants were atopic, 80 (5.1%) had allergic asthma, and 31 (2%) had non‐allergic asthma. Only 16.2% (18/111) of asthmatics were treated with glucocorticoid inhalants, suggesting that among them a majority of participants had mild asthma. A positive interaction between smoking status and allergic asthma was observed in multivariate models explaining FENO (P = 0.003) and B‐eos (P = 0.001). Thus, compared to those without allergic asthma, participants with allergic asthma had higher FENO values (+ 63.4%, 95% CI = [39; 92]) and higher B‐eos (+ 63.2% [38.2; 92.7]) in never and former smokers, but not in current smokers. Lastly, an analysis of receiver‐operating characteristic curves showed that each of the two markers was able to discriminate moderately allergic asthma but only in non‐smokers.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceFENO and B‐eos were associated with the presence of mild allergic asthma only in non‐smokers, not in current smokers. These findings raise questions about the clinical value of FENO and B‐eos in smokers.
Serum dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 is associated with multiple vertebral fractures in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Notsu Masakazu , Kanazawa Ippei , Tanaka Sayuri , Yamaguchi Toru , Sugimoto Toshitsugu 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectivePatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a high risk of fracture although they have slightly higher bone mineral density (BMD). There is no evidence that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) is involved in the bone fragility of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between serum DPP‐4 levels and vertebral fractures (VFs) in men with T2DM.DesignWe conducted a cross‐sectional study and investigated the relationships between serum DPP‐4 levels vs BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and radius, bone turnover markers and presence of VFs in 204 Japanese male patients.ResultsMultiple regression analyses adjusted for confounders such as age, duration of diabetes, body mass index, serum creatinine, HbA1c, serum albumin, log(alanine transaminase), and log(C‐reactive protein) showed that serum DPP‐4 was positively associated with bone formation markers (bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) as well as a bone resorption marker [tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP‐5b)] (β = 0·25, P < 0·01; β = 0·17, P < 0·05; and β = 0·30, P < 0·01, respectively), but not BMD at each site. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for the confounders described above revealed that serum DPP‐4 levels were associated with the presence of multiple VFs (odds ratio 1·61, 95% confidential interval 1·05–2·49 per SD increase, P < 0·05). This association was still significant after additional adjustment for any sites of BMD or bone turnover markers except for TRACP‐5b.ConclusionsWe firstly showed that high level of serum DPP‐4 is associated with prevalent multiple VFs independently of BMD and bone formation in men with T2DM.
Parachute‐Like Mitral Valve with Symptomatic Stenosis—Imaging with Transthoracic and Transesophageal Three‐Dimensional Echocardiography and Treatment Implications
Authors: Wierzbowska‐Drabik Karina , Kasprzak Jarosław Damian 
Published: November 2015

Mini‐AbstractParachute and parachute‐like mitral valve are rarely encountered in adults congenital abnormalities in which diagnosis usually relies on detailed echocardiographic examination with special focus on three‐dimensional imaging. In children, these valves often coexist with other congenital anomalies such as aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, hypoplastic left heart syndrome or form Shone complex together with supravalvular mitral ring, subaortic stenosis, and aortic coarctation. We described a woman with moderate stenosis and mild regurgitation of mitral valve diagnosed as congenital parachute‐like anomaly during transthoracic and transesophageal examination. Precise recognition of morphology disqualified the patient from percutaneous balloon angioplasty.
Difference in vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness according to timing of vacuum application
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Koide Kaoru , Takahashi Mutsumi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to examine the differences of the vacuum‐formed mouthguard thickness by the timing of vacuum application.Materials and methodsThe material used in this study was a mouthguard sheet of 3.8‐mm ethylene vinyl acetate. Three conditions of the timing of vacuum application were examined: the vacuum was applied immediately, 5 s after, and 10 s after the sheet holder was lowered over the vacuum‐forming stand. We measured mouthguard thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor, buccal surface of the first molar, and occlusal surface of the first molar. Differences in thickness in different regions of mouthguards formed under different timing of vacuum application were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance and Bonferroni method.ResultsWe found that mouthguard thickness differed in different regions of the central incisors and the first molars (P < 0.01). The mouthguard thickness at the labial surface of the central incisor and buccal surface of the first molar became thinner when the vacuum was applied immediately after the sheet holder was lowered over the forming stand. The thickness at the occlusal surface of the first molar did not vary with the timing of vacuum application.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the thicknesses of the labial surface of the central incisor and buccal surface of the first molar became larger when the vacuum was applied several seconds after the sheet holder was lowered over the forming stand. This finding is necessary knowledge when forming a mouthguard sheet.
Dental trauma in showjumping – A trinational study between Switzerland, France and Germany
Authors: Gass Mathieu , Kühl Sebastian , Connert Thomas , Filippi Andreas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimShowjumping is one of the sporting activities with a high injury risk. Unpredictable behaviour of the horse, considerable speed and the height of the rider in the saddle make this sport to one of the most dangerous, with the highest risk of injury and the highest mortality rate per competitor. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of dental trauma, the wearing of protective gear such as helmet, back protector and mouthguard as well as the knowledge of primary care after dental trauma.Material and methodsWithin the framework of this study, 608 female and male showjumpers from Switzerland, France and Germany were questioned in a personal interview consisting of 14 questions about general injuries, dental injuries and the usage of protective gear. The competitors were subdivided into different categories according to amateur or professional level, gender and age.ResultsOf the 608 competitors, 189 (31.1%) had witnessed an accident involving tooth injury and 91 (15.0%) had suffered one themselves. The prevalence of dental trauma rose with increasing age and more riding experience. A total of 436 (71.1%) of the competitors were familiar with mouthguards, of which only three owned one. The main reasons for not wearing a mouthguard were both doubtful necessity (22.5%) and a generally low acceptance among the riders (26.3%). Less than half of the competitors (44.4%) knew that an avulsed tooth can be replanted and only 4.1% had knowledge about the existence of a tooth rescue box.ConclusionThe results of this study show that in equestrian sports still little is known about dental trauma and protective measures.
Using replicated evolution in extremophile fish to understand diversification in elemental composition and nutrient excretion
Authors: Tobler Michael , Alba Danielle M. , Arias‐Rodríguez Lenin , Jeyasingh Punidan D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryEcological sources of selection are key drivers of evolutionary change in populations. Information on the ecological relevance of such evolutionary shifts is comparatively sparse and has received renewed interest. The framework of ecological stoichiometry is useful to investigate the reciprocal effects between ecology and evolution, because data on somatic stoichiometry of ancestral and descendent populations can be used to predict ecological functions, such as nutrient recycling, using mass balance‐based models.Here, we investigated whether divergent populations of livebearing fishes (genusPoecilia) have diverged in elemental composition. We tested whether adaptation to local environmental conditions is manifested in changes of somatic stoichiometry by measuring carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) contents of wild‐caught individuals inhabiting sulphidic (extreme) and non‐sulphidic (benign) habitats. We also attempted to isolate the sources (i.e. genetic, environmental and their interaction) of intraspecific variation in stoichiometry. Finally, we tested whether shifts in somatic stoichiometry impinge on the rates at which key nutrients (N and P) are excreted.We found significant differentiation in somatic stoichiometry between fish from the two different habitat types in two of three river drainages, with fish from sulphidic habitats having lower C but higher P and S contents. Even though there was evidence for temporal variation and plasticity in elemental composition, differences between sulphidic and non‐sulphidic populations in P and S contents were maintained in laboratory populations over multiple generations. Finally, some sulphidic and non‐sulphidic population pairs differed in the rates of N and P excretions, although excretion rates were not related to somatic stoichiometry.Together, these results show that the elemental composition of organisms appears to have the characteristics typically observed in the evolution of biochemical, physiological and morphological traits. Studying taxa that have undergone replicated evolution illuminate some of the evolutionary mechanisms that drive variation in somatic elemental composition. Applying stoichiometric principles to such variation, as we have performed here, is a useful, yet underutilised approach to understand the ecological relevance of evolutionary change.
An equilibrium theory signature in the island biogeography of human parasites and pathogens
Authors: Jean Kévin , Burnside William R. , Carlson Lynn , Smith Katherine , Guégan Jean‐François 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimOur understanding of the ecology and biogeography of microbes, including those that cause human disease, lags behind that for larger species. Despite recent focus on the geographical distribution of viruses and bacteria, the overall environmental distribution of human pathogens and parasites on Earth remains incompletely understood. As islands have long inspired basic ecological insights, we aimed to assess whether the microorganisms that cause human disease in modern times follow patterns common to insular plants and animals.LocationGlobal and regional.MethodsRelying on the publically accessible GIDEON database, we use the spatial distribution of nearly 300 human parasites and pathogens across 66 island countries and territories to assess the current predictive value of the ‘equilibrium theory’ of island biogeography. The relationships between species richness and (1) island surface area and (2) distance to the nearest mainland were investigated with linear regression, and ANCOVAs were used to test for differences in these relationships with respect to pathogen ecology and taxonomy.ResultsPathogen species richness increases with island surface area and decreases with distance to the nearest mainland. The effect of area is more than 10 times lower than that usually reported for macroorganisms, but is greater than the effect of distance. The strongest relationships are for pathogens that are vector‐borne, zoonotic (with humans as dead‐end hosts) or protozoan.Main conclusionOur results support the basic predictions of the theory: disease diversity is a positive function of island area and a negative function of island isolation. However, differences in the effects of area, distance and pathogen ecology suggest that globalization, probably through human travel and the animal trade, has softened these relationships. Parasites that primarily target non‐human species, whose distributions are more constrained by island life than are those restricted to human hosts, drive the island biogeography of human disease.
Liposarcomatous differentiation in malignant phyllodes tumours is unassociated with MDM2 or CDK4 amplification
Authors: Lyle Pamela L , Bridge Julia A , Simpson Jean F , Cates Justin M , Sanders Melinda E 
Published: November 2015

AimsBreast sarcomas are rare, usually occurring in the setting of malignant phyllodes tumour (MPT). Heterologous differentiation commonly resembles well‐differentiated or pleomorphic liposarcoma. In extramammary sites, these subtypes have different biological behaviours and distinct genetic alterations: MDM2 and CDK4 amplification in well‐differentiated liposarcoma, and polyploidy with complex structural rearrangements in pleomorphic liposarcoma. The aim of this study was to investigate foci resembling well‐differentiated liposarcoma in MPT for MDM2 and CDK4 amplification.Methods and resultsWe evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics of MPTs received by the Vanderbilt Breast Consultation Service containing components resembling well‐differentiated or pleomorphic liposarcoma. Cases with available tissue blocks were subjected to fluorescence in‐situ hybridization with MDM2 and CDK4 probes. Thirty‐eight MPTs with liposarcomatous components were available for review. The mean patient age was 49.8 years (range 26–84 years). In addition to well‐differentiated liposarcoma, the following components were also present: high‐grade undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 9; 23.7%), pleomorphic liposarcoma (n = 4; 10.5%), non‐high‐grade sarcoma not otherwise specified (n = 22; 57.9%), and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour‐like (n = 2; 5.2%). Among 10 cases tested, none showed amplification of MDM2 or CDK4.ConclusionsThis study examined molecular changes in the well‐differentiated liposarcomatous components of MPT. Despite histological similarity to well‐differentiated liposarcoma of soft tissues, liposarcomatous differentiation in MPT lacks the molecular phenotype characteristic of extramammary well‐differentiated liposarcoma.
Immunohistochemical characterization of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and the value of special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 in their distinction from primary ovarian mucinous tumours
Authors: Strickland Sarah , Parra‐Herran Carlos 
Published: November 2015

AimsThe distinction between primary ovarian mucinous tumours and appendiceal mucinous neoplasms metastatic to the ovary can be challenging, given the overlap of morphological features and immunohistochemical expression of traditional markers. Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (SATB2) has recently been described as a sensitive and specific marker of colorectal epithelium. This study was to determine its expression in appendiceal mucinous tumours and its role in their distinction from ovarian neoplasms.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry was performed in tissue microarrays from 32 primary appendiceal mucinous tumours (25 low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms and seven adenocarcinomas) and 40 ovarian mucinous neoplasms (20 borderline tumours and 20 adenocarcinomas). Stains were interpreted as positive or negative by scoring intensity and distribution. SATB2 was positive in 93.8% of appendiceal tumours and in only one ovarian tumour; SATB2 was 97.5% specific for appendiceal origin. CK20, CDX2 and MUC2 were strongly and diffusely positive in appendiceal tumours; ovarian tumours were also positive, but with a patchy distribution and mild intensity. CK7 was expressed in 97.5% of ovarian tumours and in 31.2% of appendiceal tumours. PAX8 was positive in 70% of ovarian tumours, and negative in all appendiceal lesions.ConclusionsSATB2 is frequently expressed in appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. In the context of a mucinous neoplasm involving the ovary, any SATB2 positivity should raise the possibility of appendiceal origin. Expression of CK20, CDX2 and MUC2 supports appendiceal origin only when diffuse and strong. These and other markers, such as CK7 and PAX8, are recommended in the work‐up of ovarian mucinous tumours with any clinical or pathological features suggestive of secondary origin.
Effects of the Anger Coping Programme based on cognitive behavioural techniques on adolescents' anger, aggression and psychological symptoms
Authors: Avci Dilek , Kelleci Meral 
Published: November 2015

This study aimed to determine the effects of an Anger Coping Programme based on cognitive behavioural techniques on adolescents' anger, aggression and psychological symptoms.In this randomized controlled experimental study, 385 ninth‐year high school students in Turkey were administered the State‐Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Aggression Scale and the Brief Symptom Inventory in 2011–2012. Of the 385 students, 62 who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups by gender and the scores they obtained from the scales. The students in the experimental group met 1 day a week for 1.5 h, and the study lasted 10 weeks. The scales were administered three times: before the programme was started, immediately after the programme was completed and 6 weeks later.The Anger Coping Programme was effective at reducing students' anger and aggression levels, and a range of psychological symptoms except for somatization.
Nuclear receptor ecdysone‐induced protein 75 is required for larval–pupal metamorphosis in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)
Authors: Guo W.‐C. , Liu X.‐P. , Fu K.‐Y. , Shi J.‐F. , Lü F.‐G. , Li G.‐Q. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E) and juvenile hormone (JH) are key regulators of insect development. In this study, three Leptinotarsa decemlineata Ecdysone‐induced protein 75 (LdE75) cDNAs (LdE75A, B and C) were cloned from L. decemlineata. The three LdE75 isoforms were highly expressed just before or right after each moult. Within the fourth larval instar, they showed a small rise and a big peak 40 and 80 h after ecdysis. The expression peaks of the three LdE75s coincided with the peaks of circulating 20E levels. In vitro midgut culture and in vivo bioassay revealed that 20E and an ecdysteroid agonist halofenozide (Hal) enhanced LdE75 expression in the day 1 final larval instars. Conversely, a decrease in 20E by feeding a double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) against an ecdysteroidogenesis gene, Shade (LdSHD), repressed the expression of LdE75. Moreover, Hal upregulated the expression of the three LdE75s in LdSHD‐silenced larvae. Thus, 20E pulses activate the transcription of LdE75s. Furthermore, ingesting dsE75‐1 and dsE75‐2 from a common fragment of the three isoforms successfully knocked down these LdE75s, and caused developmental arrest. Finally, knocking down LdE75s significantly repressed the transcription of three ecdysteroidogenesis genes, lowered the 20E titre and affected the expression of two 20E‐response genes. Silencing LdE75s also induced the expression of a JH biosynthesis gene, increased JH titre and activated the transcription of a JH early‐inducible gene. Thus, Ld E75s are required for larval–pupal metamorphosis and act mainly by modulating 20E and JH titres and mediating their signalling pathways.
Patterns of Somatic Diagnoses in Older People with Intellectual Disability: A Swedish Eleven Year Case–Control Study of Inpatient Data
Authors: Sandberg Magnus , Ahlström Gerd , Kristensson Jimmie 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundKnowledge about diagnoses patterns in older people with intellectual disabilities is limited.MethodsThe case group (n = 7936) comprised people with intellectual disabilities aged 55 years and older. The control group (n = 7936) was age matched and sex matched. Somatic inpatient diagnoses (2002–2012) were collected retrospectively.ResultsSeveral diagnoses were in several years significantly more common in the case group, particularly infections [odds ratio (OR) 1.78–4.08]; nervous system (OR 2.06–31.75); respiratory (OR 1.78–4.08) and genitourinary diseases (1.59–11.50); injuries, unspecified symptoms (OR 1.56–4.27); and external causes of morbidity (OR 1.53–4.08). The oldest in the case group had significantly less occurrence of tumours (OR 0.26–0.51), cardiovascular (OR 0.42–0.72), and musculoskeletal diseases (OR 0.32–0.53) than controls.ConclusionsOlder people with intellectual disabilities have higher numbers of some diagnoses, but lower numbers of others. Further research on the reasons for the unique pattern of diagnoses in this group is required.