bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incretin‐based medications for type 2 diabetes: an overview of reviews
Authors: Gamble J.‐M. , Clarke A. , Myers K. J. , Agnew M. D. , Hatch K. , Snow M. M. , Davis E. M. 
Published: March 2015

AimsTo summarize evidence from and assess the quality of published systematic reviews evaluating the safety, efficacy and effectiveness of incretin‐based medications used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.MethodsWe identified systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or observational studies published in any language that evaluated the safety and/or effectiveness of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonists or dipeptidyl‐peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors. Data sources used include the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, table of contents of diabetes journals, and hand‐searching of reference lists and clinical practice guidelines. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) checklist. Our study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (2013:CRD42013005149). The primary outcomes were pooled treatment effect estimates for glycaemic control, macrovascular and microvascular complications, and hypoglycaemic events.ResultsWe identified 467 unique citations of which 84 systematic reviews met our inclusion criteria. There were 51 reviews that evaluated GLP‐1 receptor agonists and 64 reviews that evaluated DPP‐4 inhibitors. The median (interquartile range) AMSTAR score was 6 (3) out of 11 for quantitative and 1 (1) for non‐quantitative reviews. Among the 66 quantitative systematic reviews, there were a total of 718 pooled treatment effect estimates reported for our primary outcomes and 1012 reported pooled treatment effect estimates for secondary outcomes.ConclusionsClinicians and policy makers, when using the results of systematic reviews to inform decision‐making with regard to round clinical care or healthcare policies for incretin‐based medications, should consider the variability in quality of reviews.
The anticonvulsant retigabine is a subtype selective modulator of GABAA receptors
Authors: Treven Marco , Koenig Xaver , Assadpour Elham , Gantumur Enkhbileg , Meyer Christiane , Hilber Karlheinz , Boehm Stefan , Kubista Helmut 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveWithin its range of therapeutic plasma concentrations, the anticonvulsant retigabine (ezogabine) is believed to selectively act on Kv7 channels. Here, the contribution of specific γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor subtypes to the antiseizure effects of retigabine was investigated.MethodsUsing patch‐clamp recordings, seizure‐like activity, tonic currents, and GABA‐induced currents in hippocampal neurons were tested for their sensitivity toward retigabine, as were recombinant GABAA receptors expressed in tsA 201 cells.ResultsRetigabine reduced seizure‐like activity elicited by low Mg2+ in a concentration‐dependent manner with half maximal inhibition at 1 μm. Seizure‐like activity triggered by blocking either Kv7 channels or GABAA receptors was equally reduced by retigabine, but when these channels/receptors were blocked simultaneously, the inhibition was lost. Retigabine (10 μm) enhanced bicuculline‐sensitive tonic currents in hippocampal neurons, but failed to affect GABA‐evoked currents. However, when receptors involved in phasic GABAergic inhibition were blocked by penicillin, retigabine did enhance GABA‐evoked currents. In tsA 201 cells expressing various combinations of GABAA receptor subunits, 10 μm retigabine enhanced currents through α1β2δ, α4β2δ, α4β3δ, and α6β2δ receptors, but left currents through α1β2γ2S, α4β3γ2S, α5β3γ2S, and α6β2γ2S receptors unaltered. With αβ receptors, retigabine diminished currents through α1β2 and α4β3, but increased currents through α6β2 receptors. The enhancement of currents through α1β2δ receptors by retigabine was concentration dependent and became significant at 1 μm.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that retigabine is a subtype selective modulator of GABAA receptors with preference for extrasynaptic δ‐containing receptors; this property may contribute to its broad antiepileptic effectiveness and explain its lack of effect on absence seizures.
Individual differences in responses to workplace stress: the contribution of attachment theory
Authors: Johnstone Melissa , Feeney Judith A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWork stress is a major cause of physical and psychological distress, and both theory and research highlight the importance of individual differences in coping efforts. The present research clarifies the mechanisms linking attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) to maladaptive coping; specifically, we tested an integrative model assessing stress appraisals as a mediator between attachment insecurities and coping strategies, together with mediating and moderating effects of coping resources (perceived self‐efficacy and social support). A community sample of 113 men and 115 women completed an online survey which incorporated a standardized vignette depicting workplace stress. The results supported stress appraisal as a mediator between attachment anxiety and less adaptive coping, and established both mediating and moderating effects of perceived coping resources. The effects support the relevance of attachment theory to the study of workplace stress.
First archaeogenetic results verify the mid‐Holocene occurrence of Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus far out of present range
Authors: Nikulina Elena A. , Schmölcke Ulrich 
Published: March 2015

The paper presents an evaluation of subfossil bird bones from archaeological and geological sites in Europe that shows that birds of the genus Pelecanus occurred far out of their present range between 7.4 and 5.0 ka BP in the Danish archipelago. Additionally, from other northwestern European regions mid‐Holocene records of pelicans are known. However, due to morphological similarities there are difficulties in species identification. In this paper ancient DNA barcoding techniques were used to clarify the species assignment of one of these records for the first time. Our results show that the bone derives from Dalmatian pelican Pelecanus crispus, a species that today breeds in 15 colonies in the eastern Mediterranean. This species identification is especially remarkable since the Dalmatian pelican is known to be less migratory. We demonstrate that the appearance and disappearance of pelicans in northwestern Europe coincide with climate parameters, since all records fall within warm periods. This applies for the larger group of Danish records during the Holocene thermal maximum in northern Europe as well as for two more groups of records from central Europe and Britain dating to 1.9 and 0.8 ka ago. Recent ecological research on the Dalmatian pelican shows that the species seems to profit from the modern climate changes and is starting to expand its range. Our paper documents that under special circumstances short‐distance migrant birds are also able to expand their ranges to areas far outside of the former distribution areas. Finally, the Dalmatian pelican is presented as an indicator species reflecting special climate conditions.The present study demonstrates not only the possibility to recover avian DNA from at least 7 ka old bones, but the relevance of such genetic analysis in combination with archaeological data, particularly if bones could not be assigned to species level by morphological features. In such cases, aDNA is shown as a valuable tool for the reconstruction of the avifauna of the past.
Comparative safety study on severe anemia by simeprevir versus telaprevir‐based triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Furusyo Norihiro , Kajiwara Eiji , Nomura Hideyuki , Kawano Akira , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Dohmen Kazufumi , Satoh Takeaki , Azuma Koichi , Nakamuta Makoto , Koyanagi Toshimasa , Kotoh Kazuhiro , Shimoda Shinji , Hayashi Jun ,   The Kyushu University Liver Disease Study (KULDS) Group
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimThe addition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors to the pegylated interferon (PEG‐IFN) α and ribavirin combination regimen (triple therapy) has dramatically improved treatment outcome. Unfortunately, anemia remains a common adverse effect. This study was done to compare the development of severe anemia during simeprevir‐ or telaprevir‐based triple therapy.MethodsThis retrospective multicenter study consisted of 837 consecutive Japanese HCV genotype 1 patients treated in a real‐world clinical setting, 811 of whom were enrolled (simeprevir 281, telaprevir 530). The inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) genotype at rs1127354 was determined for all studied patients. Logistic regression was done after propensity score matching to assess the risk of development of severe anemia.ResultsPropensity score matching of the entire study population yielded 266 matched pairs. Severe anemia (nadir hemoglobin < 9.0 g/dL) was developed during the treatment period by 81 (30.5%) and 144 (54.1%) patients treated with simeprevir and telaprevir, respectively. Treatment with simeprevir was independently associated with a lower risk of severe anemia (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.38, P < 0.0001). Moreover, ITPA genotype, age, hemoglobin level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline were also independent factors associated with the development of severe anemia.ConclusionsPatients treated with simeprevir‐based triple therapy have a lower risk of the development of severe anemia than those treated with telaprevir. Moreover, ITPA genotype and age may be useful for individualizing treatment to reduce the risk of anemia‐related adverse effects.
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 polymorphism for development to hepatocellular carcinoma in East Asian alcoholic liver cirrhosis
Authors: Abe Hiroshi , Aida Yuta , Seki Nobuyoshi , Sugita Tomonori , Tomita Yoichi , Nagano Tomohisa , Itagaki Munenori , Sutoh Satoshi , Nagatsuma Keisuke , Itoh Kyoko , Matsuura Tomokazu , Aizawa Yoshio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimWe aimed to clarify the influences of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) polymorphisms, and ethanol consumption profile to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in alcoholic liver cirrhosis without chronic hepatitis B and C virus infection (non‐B non‐C).MethodsOf 236 freshly diagnosed non‐B non‐C alcoholic liver cirrhosis patients, 67 were diagnosed as HCC and the remaining 169 as not having HCC. The relationship between the genetic polymorphisms and development to HCC were evaluated in well‐matched patients with HCC (HCC group, n = 67) and without HCC (non‐HCC group, n = 67) using propensity scores in age, sex, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus.ResultsDaily amount of ethanol consumption was significantly lower (P = 0.005), and consumptive period was significantly longer (P = 0.003) in HCC group than non‐HCC group. Of 134 well‐matched patients, 113 (84.3%) had ALDH2*1/*1 genotype and 21 (15.7%) had ALDH2*1/*2 genotype. In HCC development, consumptive long period (P = 0.007) and carrying ALDH2*1/*2 genotype (P = 0.026) were identified as significant factors independently participated, while there was no relation to ADH1B polymorphism. In addition, consumptive period was significantly longer in HCC group than non‐HCC group in ALDH2*1/*1 genotype patients (P = 0.0005), while there was no difference in profile of ethanol consumption in ALDH2*1/*2 genotype patients. Among HCC group, daily (P = 3.78 × 10−6) and cumulative amount (P = 4.89 × 10−6) of ethanol consumption were significantly higher in ALDH2*1/*1 genotype patients than ALDH2*1/*2 genotype patients.ConclusionIn alcoholic liver cirrhosis, investigations of ALDH2 polymorphism and ethanol consumption profile are useful for prediction of HCC development.
Randomized study comparing vitamin D3 and 1α‐Hydroxyvitamin D3 in combination with pegylated interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Omori‐Mizuno Yoshie , Nakayama Nobuaki , Inao Mie , Funyu Junji , Asabe Shinichi , Tomita Kengo , Nishikawa Kou , Hosoda Yasuo , Tanaka Masahiko , Hashimoto Yoshiaki , Yakabi Koji , Koshima Yohei , Mochida Satoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and AimAn intention‐to‐treat prospective randomized study was carried out to compare the potentiation of antiviral efficacies between cholecalciferol, non‐activated vitamin D3 supplement, and alfacalcidol, activated 1α‐Hydroxyvitamin D3 [1α (OH)‐vitamin D3].MethodsChronic hepatitis patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection showing serum HCV‐RNA levels greater than 5 Log IU/mL received oral administration of cholecalciferol (2000 IU/day) or alfacalcidol (0.5 μg/day) for 4 weeks, and then they were given pegylated interferon (Peg‐IFN)‐α2a plus ribavirin therapy in combination with either vitamin D3 for 48 or 72 weeks according to the response‐guided manner.ResultsA total of 36 patients were evaluated. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)‐D3] levels were increased only in patients in the cholecalciferol group during the lead‐in vitamin D administration, and the levels at 4 weeks were higher in these patients than in those in the alfacalcidol group (P < 0.001), while serum 1α,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2‐D3] levels were not different between both groups. Rapid virological response was obtained in six (33%) patients in the cholecalciferol group; the ratio was higher than that in the alfacalcidol group (one patient; 6%, P < 0.05). Serum HCV‐RNA level decline at 4 weeks of combined Peg‐IFN‐α2a plus ribavirin therapy compared with the baseline levels were greater in the cholecalciferol group (4.6 Log IU/mL) than in the alfacalcidol group (3.5 Log IU/mL) (P < 0.05), when four patients showing null response to the therapy was excluded. However, both complete early virological response and sustained viral response rates were not different between both groups.ConclusionCholecalciferol produced superior potentiation of the antiviral activity than alfacalcidol only during the initial periods of combined Peg‐IFN‐α2a plus ribavirin therapy through upregulation of serum 25(OH)‐D3 levels.
Red and far‐red fluorescent dyes for the characterization of head and neck cancer at the cellular level
Authors: Abbaci Muriel , Casiraghi Odile , Temam Stephane , Ferchiou Malek , Bosq Jacques , Dartigues Peggy , De Leeuw Frederic , Breuskin Ingrid , Laplace‐Builhé Corinne 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPrimary upper aerodigestive tract malignancy remains a cancer having a poor prognosis, despite current progress in treatment, due to a generally late diagnosis. Objectives: We conducted a preliminary assessment of five dyes approved for human use for the imaging of head and neck tissues at the cellular level, which could be considered for clinical examination.MethodsWe investigated fluorescence endomicroscopic images on fresh samples obtained from head and neck surgeries after staining with hypericin, methylene blue, toluidine blue, patent blue or indocyanine green to provide a preliminary consideration as to whether these images contain enough information for identification of non‐pathologic and pathologic tissues. The distribution pattern of dye has been examined using probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in ex vivo specimens and compared with corresponding histology.ResultsIn most samples, the image quality provided by pCLE with both dyes allowed pathologists to recognize histological characteristics to identify the tissues.ConclusionThe combination of pCLE imaging with these dyes provides interpretable images close to conventional histology; a promising clinical tool to assist physicians in examination of upper aerodigestive tract, as long as depth imaging issues can be overcome.
The Impact of Sleep on Female Sexual Response and Behavior: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kalmbach David A. , Arnedt J. Todd , Pillai Vivek , Ciesla Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
The etiological role of sleep disturbance in sexual difficulties has been largely overlooked. Research suggests that short sleep duration and poor sleep quality lead to poor female sexual response. However, prior research consists of cross-sectional studies, and the influence of sleep on sexual functioning and behavior has not been prospectively examined.

Aim
We sought to examine the influence of nightly sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep onset latency on daily female sexual response and activity.

Methods
This study used a longitudinal design to study 171 women free of antidepressants and with reliable Internet access who were recruited from a university setting in the United States. Participants first completed baseline measures in a laboratory, and then completed web-delivered surveys at their habitual wake time for 14 consecutive days.

Main Outcome Measures
All outcome measures were modified for daily recall. Participants completed the Profile of Female Sexual Function's desire, subjective arousal, and orgasmic functioning scales and the Female Sexual Function Index's genital arousal scale, and indicated whether they engaged in partnered sexual activity or self-stimulation in response to dichotomous items.

Results
Analyses revealed that longer sleep duration was related to greater next-day sexual desire (b = 0.32, P = 0.02), and that a 1-hour increase in sleep length corresponded to a 14% increase in odds of engaging in partnered sexual activity (odds ratio = 1.14, P &lt; 0.05). In contrast, sleeping longer predicted poorer next-day genital arousal (b = −0.19, P &lt; 0.01). However, results showed that women with longer average sleep duration reported better genital arousal than women with shorter average sleep length (b = 0.54, P = 0.03).

Conclusions
Obtaining sufficient sleep is important to the promotion of healthy sexual desire and genital response, as well as the likelihood of engaging in partnered sexual activity. These relationships were independent of daytime affect and fatigue. Future directions may investigate sleep disorders as risk factors for sexual dysfunction.
The effect of enalapril on furosemide‐activated renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system in healthy dogs
Authors: Lantis A. C. , Ames M. K. , Werre S. , Atkins C. E. 
Published: March 2015

Studies in our laboratory have revealed that furosemide‐induced RAAS activation, evaluated via the urine aldosterone‐to‐creatinine ratio (UAldo:C), was not attenuated by the coadministration of benazepril, while enalapril successfully suppressed amlodipine‐induced urinary aldosterone excretion. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of enalapril in suppressing ACE activity and furosemide‐induced circulating RAAS activation. Failure to do so would suggest that this failure may be a drug class effect. We hypothesized that enalapril would suppress ACE activity and furosemide‐induced circulating RAAS activation. Sixteen healthy hound dogs. The effect of furosemide (2 mg/kg PO, q12 h; Group F) and furosemide plus enalapril (0.5 mg/kg PO, q12 h; Group FE) on circulating RAAS was determined by plasma ACE activity, 4–6 h post‐treatment, and urinary A:C on days −1, −2, 1, 4, and 7. There was a significant increase in the average urine aldosterone‐to‐creatinine ratio (UAldo:C) after administration of furosemide (P < 0.05). Enalapril inhibited ACE activity (P < 0.0001) but did not significantly reduce aldosterone excretion. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in the UAldo:C was maintained for the 7 days of the study in both groups. Enalapril decreased plasma ACE activity; however, it did not suppress furosemide‐induced RAAS activation, as determined by the UAldo:C. While enalapril blunts ACE activity, the absence of circulating RAAS suppression may be due to angiotensin II reactivation, alternative RAAS pathways, and furosemide overriding concurrent ACE inhibition, all indicating the existence of aldosterone breakthrough (ABT). Along with similar findings with benazepril, it appears that failure to suppress aldosterone suppression with furosemide stimulation may be a drug class effect. The discrepancy between the current data and the documented benefits of enalapril likely reflects the efficacy of this ACE inhibitor in suppressing tissue RAAS, variable population responsiveness to ACE‐inhibition, and/or providing additional survival benefits, possibly through as yet unknown mechanisms.
Prevalence, awareness and treatment of chronic kidney disease among middle‐aged and elderly: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wang Shengfeng , Chen Ru , Liu Qing , Shu Zheng , Zhan Siyan , Li Liming 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo provide reliable estimates of the prevalence, awareness, and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their distribution and related influencing factors in middle‐aged and elderly population in China.MethodsA cross‐sessional survey called the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was conducted in 2011–2012 in Chinese people aged 45 years or older. This was to evaluate the prevalence of CKD, disease awareness compared to other chronic diseases in the population, and whether they were being treated for their CKD. Estimated GFR (eGFR) was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration eGFR creatinine‐cystatin C (eGFRcreat‐cys) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for the risk factors.ResultsThe overall prevalence of CKD was 11.5% (95%CI: 10.1% ∼ 12.8%). It was higher in urban than rural population (13.0% vs 10.0%, P < 0.05). Among all patients with CKD, only 8.7% were aware of the diagnosis. 4.9% of the patients were receiving treatment. The proportion of those aware of their condition and those who were treated decreased with age in both sexes. Of those aware (8.9%), 55.9% were treated. 31.4% of the treated patients took Chinese traditional medicine.ConclusionsThere is a surprising prevalence of CKD in the Chinese middle‐aged and elderly population, with disproportionately low awareness and treatment. A comprehensive strategy toward prevention, screening, treatment and control of CKD is needed to slow the epidemic of CKD.
Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants from the Canadian Boreal Forest for the Management of Chronic Pain Syndromes
Authors: Uprety Yadav , Lacasse Anaïs , Asselin Hugo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveChronic pain is more prevalent in indigenous populations who often prefer traditional remedies over allopathic drugs. Our objective was to investigate the traditional uses of medicinal plants from the Canadian boreal forest for the management of chronic pain syndromes.MethodsWe reviewed the most extensive database on medicinal plants used by aboriginal people of the Canadian boreal forest to investigate the plants used in the management of 3 of the most common chronic pain syndromes: arthritis/rheumatism; back pain; and headache/migraine. We also reviewed the pharmacology and phytochemistry literature to investigate concordance with indigenous knowledge.ResultsA total of 114 medicinal plant species were reported, of which 27 (23.5%) were used to treat more than 1 chronic pain syndrome. Pharmacological or phytochemical evidence to explain plant function as chronic pain remedy was available in the literature for only 38 species (33%), with several species reported to have anti‐inflammatory and analgesic properties effective in treating chronic pain syndromes.ConclusionsOur study showed the potential of boreal plants as alternative and complementary medicines for the treatment of chronic pain syndromes that could be enhanced by further research on efficacy and safety issues.