bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Language processing and the evolution of rhythmic patterns: Asymmetries in binary stress systems
Authors: Noel Aziz Hanna Patrizia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRhythmic stress is assigned automatically in everyday speech. Usually, it is produced without conscious planning of which syllables have to be stressed. However, the ‘grammaticalisation’ of rhythmic patterns is the result of language processing. It is the outcome of a selective process which is proposed to lead to a preference or dispreference for specific rhythmic structures. In the languages of the world, judging by the typological data available, some rhythmic patterns seem to be completely avoided – even if this means an increase of complexity within a stress system. Focussing on asymmetries in binary stress systems, it is suggested in this paper that processing limitations in speech production motivate stress patterns. It is also demonstrated that the domain of the prosodic word is insufficient for a motivation of these asymmetries. Since one-word sentences are not the rule, but the exception, asymmetries find their motivation on the level of the sentence.
Grammatical aspect, gesture, and conceptualization: Using co-speech gesture to reveal event representations
Authors: Parrill Fey , Bergen Benjamin K. , Lichtenstein Patricia V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGrammatical aspect is a pervasive linguistic device that, according to linguistic analyses, allows speakers to encode different ways of construing events. For instance, the progressive (I was writing a book) is thought to reflect increased focus on the internal details of an event, as contrasted with the perfect (I had written a book). However, experimental evidence that speakers describing events using progressive versus non-progressive aspect are in fact thinking about the same events differently is lacking. We used co-speech gesture as a means to investigate what speakers' event representations are like when they produce progressive versus non-progressive utterances. We found that progressive event descriptions were accompanied by longer-lasting and more complex gestures, but only when participants described events originally presented to them in the progressive. This evidence suggests that people are actually construing events differently when they use different grammatical aspects, but that the aspect originally used to encode the events plays a role as well.
Brainstem dysgenesis during the neonatal period: diagnosis and management
Authors: Castilla-Fernández Yolanda , Boix Héctor , Macaya Alfons , Vázquez Elida , Gratacòs Margarida , Roig-Quilis Manuel 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Aims: To report our neonatal management experience in patients who received a diagnosis of brainstem dysgenesis (BSD).

Patients and methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 15 neonates with BSD diagnosed between 1984 and 2011. Data on the perinatal period, physical examination, laboratory findings, and management by systems were systematically analyzed.

Results: All cases were sporadic. Cocaine abuse and misoprostol use were recorded in two pregnancies. The reason for admission was prematurity (2 of 15), respiratory distress (8 of 15), gastroschisis (1 of 15), and abnormal neurological examination (4 of 15). Clinically, the most commonly affected cranial nerves were the 7th (13 of 15), 9th (11 of 15), 10th (8 of 15), 5th (7 of 15), 12th (7 of 15), 6th (3 of 15), 4th (1 of 15), and 3rd (1 of 15). Five patients required positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation, three had difficult airways, and two needed tracheostomy during admission. Most patients required nasogastric tube feeding shortly after birth, and four patients had a gastrostomy on discharge. Two patients died of respiratory and cardiac failure. Electromyography and nerve conduction velocity were used to exclude generalized neuromuscular disorders, and in conjunction with other neurophysiological and gastrointestinal tract studies, helped uncover the extent of brainstem involvement in most cases. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging supported the diagnosis in more than half of the patients.

Conclusions: Early diagnosis of BSD is mainly clinical, difficult to establish unless suspected, and crucial to prevent complications. Neonatal care of patients with BSD requires a comprehensive approach that must take into consideration the etiological, anatomical, and pathogenic aspects contributing to the clinical manifestations of this disorder. Care should be provided by multidisciplinary teams, in which neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, nutritionists, physical therapists, and other professionals participate, depending on the associated morbidity in order to improve its management and prognosis.
Roll-Over Shapes of Musculoskeletal Biped Walker
Authors: Narioka Kenichi , Homma Toshiyuki , Hosoda Koh 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate how the roll-over characteristic of a passivity-based walking robot with flat feet is created and affected by its musculoskeletal structure, which is easily modeled by an agonistic and antagonistic pair of muscles. We hypothesize that the curvature radius and the center position of the roll-over shape (ROS), defined as the centers of pressures transformed into a shank coordinate, is strongly related to the stiffness and the equilibrium posture of the ankle joint, which are determined by the tonuses of the agonistic and the antagonistic muscles. We built a new musculoskeletal biped walking robot driven by pneumatic actuators and conducted exhaustive walking experiment with various ankle conditions. The hypothesis is verified experimentally by analyzing the ROSs of the walking robot.
Entkopplungsregelungen für lineare überaktuierte Systeme
Authors: Wahrburg Arne , Adamy Jürgen 
Published: January 2013

ZusammenfassungGegenstand des Beitrags ist der Entwurf von statischen Zustandsreglern zur Führungsentkopplung in linearen überaktuierten Systemen. Zum einen wird eine Erweiterung der Entwurfsmethodik nach Falb und Wolovich erläutert, welche eine einfache Nutzung der zusätzlichen Freiheitsgrade gegenüber klassischen Entkopplungsreglern ermöglicht. Zum anderen erlaubt ein parametrischer Entwurf die Interpretation der entstehenden Freiheitsgrade. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Reduzierung der Stellenergie sowie die Steigerung der Robustheit von Entkopplungsregelungen vorgestellt.
Crystal structure of bis-(biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylato)bis[(2,2'- dipyridyl)zinc(II)], C48H36N4O10Zn2
Authors: Yang Li-Fang , Tian Wei-Man , Liang Peng 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C48H36N4O10Zn2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.956(4) Å, b = 9.479(3) Å, c = 20.569(7) Å, β = 104.443(4)°, V = 2068.6 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0332, wRref(F2) = 0.0877, T = 296 K.
Breastfeeding and Tacrolimus
Authors: Bramham Kate , Chusney Gary , Lee Janet , Lightstone Liz , Nelson-Piercy Catherine 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Women have traditionally been advised not to breastfeed while taking tacrolimus, based on theoretical risks of neonatal immunosuppression and assumed secretion into breast milk, rather than clinical data suggesting neonatal absorption. The aim of this study was to assess tacrolimus levels in breast milk and neonatal exposure during breastfeeding.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
An observational cohort study was performed in two tertiary referral high-risk obstetric medicine clinics. Fourteen women taking tacrolimus during pregnancy and lactation, and their 15 infants, 11 of whom were exclusively breast-fed, were assessed. Tacrolimus levels were analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Samples from mothers and cord blood were collected at delivery and from mothers, infants, and breast milk postnatally where possible.

Results
All infants with serial sampling had a decline in tacrolimus level, which was approximately 15% per day (ratio of geometric mean concentrations 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.88; P<0.001). Breast-fed infants did not have higher tacrolimus levels compared with bottle-fed infants (median 1.3 μg/L [range, 0.0–4.0] versus 1.0 μg/L [range, 0.0–2.3], respectively; P=0.91). Maximum estimated absorption from breast milk is 0.23% of maternal dose (weight-adjusted).

Conclusions
Ingestion of tacrolimus by infants via breast milk is negligible. Breastfeeding does not appear to slow the decline of infant tacrolimus levels from higher levels present at birth. Women taking tacrolimus should not be discouraged from breastfeeding if monitoring of infant levels is available.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Association Between Depression and Insulin Resistance
Authors: Kan Carol , Silva Naomi , Golden Sherita Hill , Rajala Ulla , Timonen Markku , Stahl Daniel , Ismail Khalida 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
Depression is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies, controlled trials, and unpublished data was conducted to examine the association between depression and insulin resistance (IR).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published up to September 2011. Two independent reviewers assessed the eligibility of each report based on predefined inclusion criteria (study design and measure of depression and IR, excluding prevalent cases of diabetes). Individual effect sizes were standardized, and a meta-analysis was performed to calculate a pooled effect size using random effects. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to explore any potential source of heterogeneity between studies.

RESULTS
Of 967 abstracts reviewed, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria of which 18 studies had appropriate data for the meta-analysis (n = 25,847). The pooled effect size (95% CI) was 0.19 (0.11–0.27) with marked heterogeneity (I2 = 82.2%) using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between studies was not explained by age or sex, but could be partly explained by the methods of depression and IR assessments.

CONCLUSIONS
A small but significant cross-sectional association was observed between depression and IR, despite heterogeneity between studies. The pathophysiology mechanisms and direction of this association need further study using a purposively designed prospective or intervention study in samples at high risk for diabetes.
Provenance study of volcanic glass using 266–1064 nm orthogonal double pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Hrdlička Aleš , Prokeš Lubomír , Galiová Michaela , Novotný Karel , Vitešníková Anna , Helešicová Tereza , Kanický Viktor 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDouble pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopy in orthogonal configuration was used for the analysis of twelve samples of volcanic glass. Raw material and artifact samples originated from Czech, Slovak, German, Hungarian, Greek, Turkish, and Ukrainian sites. The primary 266 nm laser beam was focused onto a sample area of about 0.1 mm in diameter at the optimised energy of 10 mJ resulting in only very slight sample damage, almost unrecognizable even by a microscope. The secondary 1064 nm laser beam, positioned parallel to the sample surface and focused onto the intersection with the primary beam, induced a spark with enhanced radiation at the optimised energy of 100 mJ. Measurement of emission lines selected on basis of chemical composition, signal intensity, signal-to-background ratio, and minimum interference from the surrounding spectra: Si(I) 288.16 nm, Mg(II) 279.55 nm, 280.27 nm, Mg(I) 285.21 nm, Ca(II) 317.93 nm, Na(I) 589.59 nm, Al(I) 308.22 nm, Fe(II) 259.94 nm, Ti(II) 334.94 nm, Sr(II) 407.77 nm, Ba(II) 455.40 nm, K(I) 769.90 nm, provided experimental data sufficiently sensitive to differentiate the properties of the studied samples. Rare earth elements were not detected even though the double pulse technique is more sensitive than the single pulse variant. Visualisation methods of multidimensional statistical analyses such as radar chart, Chernoff faces, scatterplots, and the Spearman correlation matrix provided successful differentiation of the sample groups and/or particular samples by their origin.
Critical Moments in Elite Premiership Football: Who Do You Think You Are?
Authors: Nesti Mark , Littlewood Martin , O’Halloran Lisa , Eubank Martin , Richardson David 
Published: January 2013

Abstract The present paper aims to specifically outline the critical moments that permeate professional football players’ development and existence in elite level English Premiership football. It also recognises the role of the applied sport psychologist in working with top players to address issues that challenge, impact (and change) player identity and personal meaning as they travel through their career from youth to professional to retirement. We conclude the paper by introducing some alternative perspectives on theory and practice. The paper is a result of the combined interests and applied activity of the authors and draws from theoretical frameworks and concepts in social psychology, existential phenomenological psychology and sociology. In this regard the paper attempts to synthesise (and celebrate) complimentary disciplines in order to allow us to consider the individual player within their social context.
Palm stem anatomy and computer‐aided identification: The Coryphoideae (Arecaceae)
Authors: Thomas Romain , De Franceschi Dario 
Published: January 2013

•Premise of the study:Through a comparative study of the anatomy of palm stems and the development of an interactive web‐based tool, the present paper aims to provide a method of identifying palm stems. The stem determination will allow specialists in archaeology and paleontology to better exploit palm fossils for paleoenvironmental interpretations. The precise anatomical description also provides new systematic data tested in phylogenetic analyses (new anatomical characters, stratigraphic calibrations).•Methods:Stem samples were collected, including representatives from each tribe of the five palm subfamilies, and 25 descriptors (with 78 states) were defined within 37 taxa and registered in Xper2, a management tool for taxonomic description that allows editing of standardized descriptions. Some descriptors were used for the first time in this work; others were compiled from the existing literature. While all the palm subfamilies were included in the present study, the focus here is on the Coryphoideae.•Key results:Descriptors were mainly based on the general organization of the transverse section and the structure of the fibrovascular bundles as well as ground parenchyma. Coryphoideae have 1, 2, or more metaxylem elements, whereas the other subfamilies systematically present only 1 or 1 and 2 metaxylem elements. The centrifugal differentiation of the sheath of phloem fibers is described in other subfamilies but is not found in the Coryphoideae (except in Caryoteae).•Conclusion:Some tribes are easy to identify (Borasseae, Cryosophileae, Phoeniceae, Caryoteae); others are rather heterogeneous and more difficult to define (Chuniophoeniceae, Trachycarpeae). Caryoteae presents some unique states of the Arecoideae.
Chronic Idiopathic Neutrophilia in A Smoker, Relieved after Smoking Cessation with the Use of Electronic Cigarette: A Case Report
Authors: Farsalinos Konstantinos E. , Romagna Giorgio 
Published: January 2013

Introduction Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases. Electronic cigarettes are battery-operated devices that deliver nicotine to the lungs by evaporation of a liquid. Chronic idiopathic neutrophilia is a condition characterized by elevated white blood cell and neutrophil counts without any underlying disease; smoking has been implicated as a potential cause. Case Presentation A male Caucasian patient, born in 1977, presented in September 2005 with asymptomatic elevation of white blood cell and neutrophil count, and mildly-elevated C-reactive protein levels. He was a smoker since 1996 and was treated with 20 mg/day of simvastatin since 2003 due to hyperlipidemia. Clinical examination, and laboratory and imaging investigations ruled out any infectious, haematological, rheumatological, or endocrine conditions. He was followed-up regularly and was advised to stop smoking. He had 2 unsuccessful attempts to quit smoking; one was unassisted and the second was performed with the use of both varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (patches). During the subsequent 6.5 years, his leukocyte and C-reactive protein levels were repeatedly elevated; the condition was consistent with chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. In February 2012, he started using electronic cigarettes and he managed to quit smoking within 10 days. After 6 months, laboratory examination showed normalized leukocyte count and C-reactive protein levels, confirmed immediately by a second laboratory and by repeated tests after 1 and 2 months. Conclusion Smoking cessation with the use of electronic cigarette led to reversal of chronic idiopathic neutrophilia. The daily use of electronic cigarette may help preserve the beneficial effects of smoking cessation.
Concise Review: Preleukemic Stem Cells: Molecular Biology and Clinical Implications of the Precursors to Leukemia Stem Cells
Authors: Pandolfi Ashley , Barreyro Laura , Steidl Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Recent experimental evidence has shown that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) arise from transformed immature hematopoietic cells following the accumulation of multiple stepwise genetic and epigenetic changes in hematopoietic stem cells and committed progenitors. The series of transforming events initially gives rise to preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSC), preceding the formation of fully transformed leukemia stem cells (LSC). Despite the established use of poly-chemotherapy, relapse continues to be the most common cause of death in AML and MDS. The therapeutic elimination of all LSC, as well as pre-LSC, which provide a silent reservoir for the re-formation of LSC, will be essential for achieving lasting cures. Conventional sequencing and next-generation genome sequencing have allowed us to describe many of the recurrent mutations in the bulk cell populations in AML and MDS, and recent work has also focused on identifying the initial molecular changes contributing to leukemogenesis. Here we review recent and ongoing advances in understanding the roles of pre-LSC, and the aberrations that lead to pre-LSC formation and subsequent LSC transformation.
Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Allograft Rejection After Renal Transplantation: Results of a Phase I Study
Authors: Reinders Marlies E.J. , de Fijter Johan W. , Roelofs Helene , Bajema Ingeborg M. , de Vries Dorottya K. , Schaapherder Alexander F. , Claas Frans H.J. , van Miert Paula P.M.C. , Roelen Dave L. , van Kooten Cees , Fibbe Willem E. , Rabelink Ton J. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Despite excellent short-term results, long-term survival of transplanted kidneys has not improved accordingly. Although alloimmune responses and calcineurin inhibitor-related nephrotoxicity have been identified as main drivers of fibrosis, no effective treatment options have emerged. In this perspective, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an interesting candidate because of their immunosuppressive and regenerative properties. Of importance, no other clinical studies have investigated their effects in allograft rejection and fibrosis. We performed a safety and feasibility study in kidney allograft recipients to whom two intravenous infusions (1 million cells per kilogram) of autologous bone marrow (BM) MSCs were given, when a protocol renal biopsy at 4 weeks or 6 months showed signs of rejection and/or an increase in interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA). Six patients received MSC infusions. Clinical and immune monitoring was performed up to 24 weeks after MSC infusions. MSCs fulfilled the release criteria, infusions were well-tolerated, and no treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. In two recipients with allograft rejection, we had a clinical indication to perform surveillance biopsies and are able to report on the potential effects of MSCs in rejection. Although maintenance immunosuppression remained unaltered, there was a resolution of tubulitis without IF/TA in both patients. Additionally, three patients developed an opportunistic viral infection, and five of the six patients displayed a donor-specific downregulation of the peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation assay, not reported in patients without MSC treatment. Autologous BM MSC treatment in transplant recipients with subclinical rejection and IF/TA is clinically feasible and safe, and the findings are suggestive of systemic immunosuppression.
Concise Review: Immunologic Lessons From Solid Organ Transplantation for Stem Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: Loewendorf Andrea , Csete Marie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractClinical organ transplantation became possible only after powerful immunosuppressive drugs became available to suppress the alloimmune response. After decades of solid organ transplantation, organ rejection is still a major challenge. However, significant insight into allorecognition has emerged from this vast experience and should be used to inform future stem cell-based therapies. For this reason, we review the current understanding of selected topics in transplant immunology that have not been prominent in the stem cell literature, including immune responses to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, natural killer cells, the adaptive immune response, some unresolved issues in T-cell allorecognition, costimulatory molecules, and the anticipated role of regulatory T cells in graft tolerance.
Iterative learning control for a class of non‐affine‐in‐input processes in Hilbert space
Authors: Guo Qinyi , Huang Deqing , Luo Chunlin , Zhang Weinian 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, iterative learning control (ILC) of a class of non‐affine‐in‐input processes is considered in Hilbert space, where the plant operators are quite general in the sense that they could be static or dynamic, differentiable or non‐differentiable, continuous‐time or discrete‐time, and so forth. The control problem is first transformed to a problem of solving global implicit function to ensure the uniqueness of desired control input. Then, two contraction mapping‐based ILC schemes are proposed in terms of the continuous differentiability of process model, where the learning convergence condition is derived through rigorous analysis. The proposed ILC schemes make full use of the process repetition, deal with system uncertainties easily, and are effective to infinite‐dimensional or distributed parameter systems. In the end, the learning controller is applied to the boundary output control of a class of anaerobic digestion process for wastewater treatment. The control efficacy is verified by simulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.