bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional health‐transition patterns among a middle‐aged and older population
Authors: Chang Wen‐Chiung , Lu Feng‐Ping , Lan Tzuo‐Yun , Wu Shwu‐Chong 
Published: September 2012

Aim:  Previous studies on health transition have focused on single‐dimension outcomes and minimally evaluated heterogeneity. This study aimed to explore heterogeneous and multidimensional health‐transition patterns on comorbidity, frailty and disability while examining the factors predicting different patterns of health transition.Methods:  This study drew on data from a nationwide and longitudinally‐followed sample of 5131 Taiwanese aged 50 years and older who were interviewed in 1996, 1999, 2003 and 2007. Latent class analysis (LCA) and multinomial logistic regression were applied to identify health‐transition patterns and their predictors.Results:  We identified six health‐transition classes by applying LCA, including “persistently healthy”, “well‐managed comorbidity”, “originally comorbid and gradually deteriorating to disability”, “deteriorating gradually and died in late stage of the follow‐up period”, “deteriorating and died in middle stage of the follow‐up period”, and “originally comorbid and died in early stage of the follow‐up period”. Using the “well‐managed comorbidity” class as the reference group, men had higher probabilities of being in the categories of dying in the follow‐up period, but a lower risk of deteriorating to disability. Younger baseline age, higher education, having social engagement and non‐smoking were predictors of “persistently healthy” and were associated with a lower risk of deteriorating to disability and death. Having a spouse and health examinations were associated with a lower risk of death, and also a lower probability of “persistently healthy”.Conclusions:  Heterogeneous and multidimensional health‐transition patterns exist in middle‐aged and older populations. Several factors might have an effect on health‐transition patterns. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2013; 13: 571–579.
Skin structure and hair morphology of different body parts in the Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus)
Authors: Madej Jan P. , Mikulová Lucie , Gorošová Alexandra , Mikula Štěpán , Řehák Zdeněk , Tichý František , Buchtová Marcela 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe bat skin shows an unusual morphology that corresponds to flying adaptations but also performs multiple functions including a protective barrier against microbes and parasites. Here, we compare the microscopic structure of the skin and hairs collected from the membranes with other body parts in the Common Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) in relation to parasite availability. Statistical analysis of whole‐skin thickness revealed two main groups according to body regions; the first with thin skin (wing and tail membrane) and the second with thick skin (head and dorsum, abdomen, footpad). The density of hair was evaluated by a novel method, and it revealed that the density was significantly higher in the head region than in dorsal and ventral body parts. These differences possibly play a role for bat ectoparasites when choosing the preferred region of their host. Along the axis of each hair, the scale morphology was found to be variable. Hair morphology, however, did not vary among body regions. Mast cells were numerous in the hairy areas around vessels and hair follicles of the dorsum and abdomen, which are easily accessible to ectoparasites. Increased numbers of mast cells in hair‐bearing skin are part of the host adaptation system in parasite‐preferred locations.
Targeting the androgen receptor signalling axis in castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: Tsao Che‐Kai , Galsky Matthew D. , Small Alexander C. , Yee Tiffany , Oh William K. 
Published: September 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Castration resistance has been appreciated for decades, and several mechanisms theorising on this effect have been proposed. A rich pipeline of novel agents, including abiraterone and MDV3100, have provided proof of principle that novel agents targeting the AR signalling pathway with superior selectivity and activity than predecessors have yielded significant clinical benefit for patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer.Our review provides an update in the development of several novel agents targeting the AR signalling pathway now in clinical testing, as well as review novel therapies in development with distinct mechanisms of action showing promising preclinical activity.
Despite undergoing local therapy with curative intent, 20–30% of patients with prostate cancer will ultimately development metastatic disease, leading to morbidity and mortality.
Androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) for men with metastatic prostate cancer results in transient clinical benefit, but ultimately, cancers progress despite castrate levels of serum testosterone, a clinical state classically referred to as ‘hormone refractory’ disease.
In this review, we examine mechanisms of resistance to ADT that have redefined our understanding of the more appropriately termed ‘castration resistant’ disease, and have paved the way for a new generation of therapeutics targeting the androgen signalling axis in advanced prostate cancer.
The Beatles' Politics
Authors: Collins Marcus 
Published: September 2012

Research Highlights and Abstract This article argues that the Beatles did much to legitimise pop as a means of political expression, to devise organisational structures to support such political activity and to politicise those who produced and consumed pop music. critiques the Beatles' political motives, attitudes, techniques and accomplishments. explains why the Beatles' political development was a process of trial and error in which they sought out strategies and ideologies to their liking. explores how the Beatles' politicisation altered existing conceptions of politics and pop. This article argues that the Beatles were instrumental in bringing together the hitherto divergent and mutually uncomprehending realms of politics and pop. Though not innovative political theorists, the Beatles were inventive political strategists who rehearsed virtually every technique subsequently used by politicised musicians. They practised consciousness-raising, lobbying, patronage, abstentionism and civil disobedience. They founded utopian institutions and considered the relative merits of anarchy, democracy and revolutionary socialism. The multitude of political strategies adopted by the Beatles testified to their difficulties in finding one congruent with their outlook and temperament. Furthermore, the anti-authoritarianism which formed the one consistent aspect of their political worldview was simplistic and their solutions were correspondingly unrealistic. They nevertheless did much to legitimise pop music as a means of political expression, to devise organisational structures to support such political activity and to politicise those who produced and consumed pop.
Right Ventricular Function Predicts Clinical Response to Specific Vasodilator Therapy in Patients with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Giusca Sorin , Jurcut Ruxandra , Coman Ioan Mircea , Ghiorghiu Ioana , Catrina Daniela , Popescu Bogdan A. , Dima Laura , Ginghina Carmen 
Published: September 2012

Introduction: We followed patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) receiving specific vasodilator therapy and tested for predictors of clinical outcome. Methods: Thirty‐two patients (mean age 39 ± 15 years, 22 women, diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension; PH): 29 with PAH and 3 patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic PH received therapy with either bosentan, sildenafil, or both and were evaluated with clinical parameters, biomarkers (B‐type natriuretic peptide values), and echocardiography before receiving specific medication and every 3 months thereafter. A right heart catheterization was performed at baseline. A composite endpoint of death, worsening of functional class, or the need of a second vasodilator agent was used to define the clinical nonresponders. Results: Patients were followed for 14 months (7.5–21). The endpoint was reached by 15 patients: four patients died (two idiopathic PAH and two PAH in context of Eisenmenger syndrome), seven patients showed 1 functional class worsening, and four patients needed to be switched to combination therapy. Patients who remained clinically stable or improved had at baseline a better cardiac output with a less remodeled right ventricle (RV) and better functioning RV (all P < 0.05). A RV fractional area change (RVFAC) lower than 25.7% and a RV global strain value higher than −13.4% predict with 87% sensitivity and 83% specificity (AUC 87.3%, P = 0.001) and 73% sensitivity and 91% specificity (AUC 84.2%, P = 0.003), respectively, patients who will deteriorate clinically under specific vasodilator therapy. A multivariate model showed RVFAC to be the only independent predictor of the endpoint with a HR of 0.87 (0.8–0.96), P = 0.007. Conclusions: Over an average period of 1 year, almost half of patients showed signs of clinical deterioration despite specific vasodilator therapy. Parameters of right ventricular morphology and function had prognostic value in these patients.
California Featherwork: Considerations for Examination and Preservation
Authors: Gleeson Molly , Pearlstein Ellen , Marshall Bradley , Riedler Renée 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBirds, and by extension, feathers, hold a central role in California's Native American cultures. Feathers are utilized in a variety of ways and are selected based on the cultural significance and availability of the birds, aesthetics, tribal preferences and tradition, and intended use. Featherworking is a cumulative process, and some items are augmented and repaired during their lifetime. Feathers are increasingly understood as complex materials, and although items of featherwork contain significant evidence that provides information on tribal values, use, cultural adaptations, and condition changes occurring since collection, few resources exist to assist museums in interpreting this information. Therefore, research was undertaken to document the cultural contexts of California feathered regalia and baskets and to start linking this information with scientific knowledge and collecting practices to ultimately enable better interpretation and preservation of California featherwork in museum collections. [Native America, California, feathers, baskets, regalia, preservation, birds]
Uncovered self‐expandable metallic stent placement as a first‐line palliative therapy in unresectable malignant duodenal obstruction
Authors: Ahn Hyung Su , Hong Su Jin , Moon Jong Ho , Ko Bong Min , Choi Hyun Jong , Han Jae Pil , Park Jin Seok , Kang Myung Soo , Cho Joo Young , Lee Joon Seong , Lee Moon Sung 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo report treatment outcomes and complications of uncovered self‐expandable metallic stents (SEMS) as a first‐line therapy for inoperable malignant duodenal obstructions in our hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in patients who had undergone placement of uncovered SEMS as a first‐line therapy for inoperable malignant duodenal obstruction from August 2001 to July 2011. Treatment outcomes and complications of the procedures were investigated.ResultsIn total, 47 patients (25 men; mean age 65 years) underwent the procedure. The technical and clinical success rates were 93.6% and 83.0%, respectively. Early complications occurred in 8 patients, including two guidewire‐induced micro‐perforations and six pancreatitis. All these 8 patients recovered with conservative treatment. Six late complications requiring additional procedures consisted of five stent occlusions due to tumor ingrowth and one stent migration. Four stent occlusions and one migration were treated by the placement of an additional covered stent and the remaining case was treated by balloon dilatation. The median primary stent patency period and median survival period after primary stent placement were 103 days and 131 days, respectively.ConclusionsUncovered SEMS placement is effective as a first‐line palliative therapy for inoperable malignant duodenal obstruction. Complications such as stent occlusion or migration can be easily managed with additional covered SEMS.
Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of an Acquired Subgroup B3 Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene,
bla
AIM-1
, and Its Unique Genetic Context in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Australia
Authors: Yong Dongeun , Toleman Mark A. , Bell Jan , Ritchie Brett , Pratt Rachael , Ryley Henry , Walsh Timothy R. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Three clinical
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolates (WCH2677, WCH2813, and WCH2837) isolated from the Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, produced a metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-positive Etest result. All isolates were PCR negative for known MBL genes. A gene bank was created, and an MBL gene, designated
bla
AIM-1
, was cloned and fully characterized. The encoded enzyme, AIM-1, is a group B3 MBL that has the highest level of identity to THIN-B and L1. It is chromosomal and flanked by two copies (one intact and one truncated) of an IS
CR
element, IS
CR15
. Southern hybridization studies indicated the movement of both IS
CR15
and
bla
AIM-1
within the three different clinical isolates. AIM-1 hydrolyzes most β-lactams, with the exception of aztreonam and, to a lesser extent, ceftazidime; however, it possesses significantly higher
k
cat
values for cefepime and carbapenems than most other MBLs. AIM-1 was the first mobile group B3 enzyme detected and signals further problems for already beleaguered antimicrobial regimes to treat serious
P. aeruginosa
and other Gram-negative infections.
Meningococcal PilV Potentiates Neisseria meningitidis Type IV Pilus-Mediated Internalization into Human Endothelial and Epithelial Cells
Authors: Takahashi Hideyuki , Yanagisawa Tatsuo , Kim Kwang Sik , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Ohnishi Makoto 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

The type IV pilus of
Neisseria meningitidis
is the major factor for meningococcal adhesion to host cells. In this study, we showed that a mutant of
N. meningitidis pilV
, a minor pilin protein, internalized less efficiently to human endothelial and epithelial cells than the wild-type strain. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analyses showed that PilE, the major subunit of pili, was less glycosylated at its serine 62 residue (Ser62) in the Δ
pilV
mutant than in the
pilV
+
strain, whereas phosphoglycerol at PilE Ser93 and phosphocholine at PilE Ser67 were not changed. Introduction of the
pglL
mutation, which results in complete loss of O-linked glycosylation from Ser62, slightly reduced
N. meningitidis
internalization into human brain microvascular endothelial cells, whereas the addition of the Δ
pilV
mutation greatly reduced
N. meningitidis
internalization. The accumulation of ezrin, which is part of the cytoskeleton ERM family, was observed with
pilV
+
, Δ
pglL
, and
pilE
(S62A) strains but not with the Δ
pilV
mutant. These results suggested that whereas
N. meningitidis
pilin originally had an adhesive activity that was less affected by minor pilin proteins, the invasive function evolved with incorporation of the PilV protein into the pili to promote the
N. meningitidis
internalization into human cells.
Transposon Mutagenesis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Identifies Genes That Contribute to Invasiveness in Human and Chicken Cells and Survival in Egg Albumen
Authors: Shah Devendra H. , Zhou Xiaohui , Kim Hye-Young , Call Douglas R. , Guard Jean 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Enteritidis is an important food-borne pathogen, and chickens are a primary reservoir of human infection. While most knowledge about
Salmonella
pathogenesis is based on research conducted on
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium,
S
. Enteritidis is known to have pathobiology specific to chickens that impacts epidemiology in humans. Therefore, more information is needed about
S
. Enteritidis pathobiology in comparison to that of
S
. Typhimurium. We used transposon mutagenesis to identify
S
. Enteritidis virulence genes by assay of invasiveness in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells and chicken liver (LMH) cells and survival within chicken (HD-11) macrophages as a surrogate marker for virulence. A total of 4,330 transposon insertion mutants of an invasive G1 Nal
r
strain were screened using Caco-2 cells. This led to the identification of attenuating mutations in a total of 33 different loci, many of which include genes previously known to contribute to enteric infection (e.g.,
Salmonella
pathogenicity island 1 [SPI-1], SPI-4, SPI-5, CS54,
fliH
,
fljB
,
csgB
,
spvR
, and
rfbMN
) in
S
. Enteritidis and other
Salmonella
serovars. Several genes or genomic islands that have not been reported previously (e.g., SPI-14,
ksgA
,
SEN0034
,
SEN2278
, and
SEN3503
) or that are absent in
S
. Typhimurium or in most other
Salmonella
serovars (e.g.,
pegD
,
SEN1152
,
SEN1393
, and
SEN1966
) were also identified. Most mutants with reduced Caco-2 cell invasiveness also showed significantly reduced invasiveness in chicken liver cells and impaired survival in chicken macrophages and in egg albumen. Consequently, these genes may play an important role during infection of the chicken host and also contribute to successful egg contamination by
S
. Enteritidis.
ON SOME ALGEBRAIC AND COMBINATORIAL PROPERTIES OF DUNKL ELEMENTS
Authors: KIRILLOV ANATOL N. 
Published: September 2012

We introduce and study a certain class of nonhomogeneous quadratic algebras together with the special set of mutually commuting elements inside of each, the so-called Dunkl elements. We describe relations among the Dunkl elements. This result is a further generalization of similar results obtained in [S. Fomin and A. N. Kirillov, Quadratic algebras, Dunkl elements and Schubert calculus, in Advances in Geometry (eds. J.-S. Brylinski, V. Nistor, B. Tsygan and P. Xu), Progress in Math. Vol. 172 (Birkhäuser Boston, Boston, 1995), pp. 147–182, A. Postnikov, On a quantum version of Pieri's formula, in Advances in Geometry (eds. J.-S. Brylinski, R. Brylinski, V. Nistor, B. Tsygan and P. Xu), Progress in Math. Vol. 172 (Birkhäuser Boston, 1995), pp. 371–383 and A. N. Kirillov and T. Maenor, A Note on Quantum K-Theory of Flag Varieties, preprint]. As an application we describe explicitly the set of relations among the Gaudin elements in the group ring of the symmetric group, cf. [E. Mukhin, V. Tarasov and A. Varchenko, Bethe Subalgebras of the Group Algebra of the Symmetric Group, preprint arXiv:1004.4248].Also we describe a few combinatorial properties of some special elements in the associative quasi-classical Yang–Baxter algebra in a connection with the values of the β-Grothendieck polynomials for some special permutations, and on the other hand, with the Ehrhart polynomial of the Chan–Robbins polytope.
The Effects of Topography on the Evolution of Typhoon Saomai (2006) under the Influence of Tropical Storm Bopha (2006)
Authors: Jang Wook , Chun Hye-Yeong 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The effects of topography on the evolution of Typhoon Saomai (2006) are investigated by conducting a series of numerical simulations with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model using 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% of terrain heights of the Central Mountain Range (CMR) in Taiwan. Differences in the track and intensity of Typhoon Saomai between the experiments are strongly related to those of Tropical Storm Bopha, which passed Taiwan earlier than the typhoon. In the sensitivity experiments, the higher CMR drifts Bopha more southward, which results in the weakening of Bopha by prohibiting the interaction between the CMR and Bopha, and the flows induced by Bopha force Saomai to propagate along a more southerly track. The higher CMR weakens the easterly flow in the lower troposphere and suppresses the northerly flow in the upper troposphere to the west of Saomai. The resultant weak vertical wind shear keeps warm air near the typhoon center in the upper troposphere, which promotes the intensification of the typhoon. To examine the direct effects of topography on the track and intensity of Saomai, additional simulations involving the removal of Bopha from the initial condition with 100% and 50% of CMR are conducted. The results without Bopha showed that Saomai moves more southward at a slower speed and with greater intensity, due to the stronger northerly wind to the west of Saomai, which was not canceled out by the southerly wind to the east of Bopha, and there is no significant difference in the tracks or intensity with respect to the mountain heights.
Topographic Speed-Up Effects and Observed Roof Damage on Bermuda following Hurricane Fabian (2003)
Authors: Miller Craig , Gibbons Michael , Beatty Kyle , Boissonnade Auguste 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In this study the impacts of the topography of Bermuda on the damage patterns observed following the passage of Hurricane Fabian over the island on 5 September 2003 are considered. Using a linearized model of atmospheric boundary layer flow over low-slope topography that also incorporates a model for changes of surface roughness, sets of directionally dependent wind speed adjustment factors were calculated for the island of Bermuda. These factors were then used in combination with a time-stepping model for the open water wind field of Hurricane Fabian derived from the Hurricane Research Division Real-Time Hurricane Wind Analysis System (H*Wind) surface wind analyses to calculate the maximum 1-min mean wind speed at locations across the island for the following conditions: open water, roughness changes only, and topography and roughness changes combined. Comparison of the modeled 1-min mean wind speeds and directions with observations from a site on the southeast coast of Bermuda showed good agreement between the two sets of values. Maximum open water wind speeds across the entire island showed very little variation and were of category 2 strength on the Saffir–Simpson scale. While the effects of surface roughness changes on the modeled wind speeds showed very little correlation with the observed damage, the effect of the underlying topography led to maximum modeled wind speeds of category 4 strength being reached in highly localized areas on the island. Furthermore, the observed damage was found to be very well correlated with these regions of topographically enhanced wind speeds, with a very clear trend of increasing damage with increasing wind speeds.