bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave energy resource assessment with AltiKa satellite altimetry: A case study at a wave energy site
Authors: Goddijn‐Murphy Lonneke , Martín Míguez Belén , McIlvenny Jason , Gleizon Philippe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA simple model to estimate wave power at a coastal site from satellite radar altimetry is proposed. We used data from the AltiKa altimeter on board the SARAL satellite because of its superior performance near the coast. The deep water approximation was applied to our 60 m deep site along with a simple empirical model to estimate wave period, T, from altimeter significant wave height, Hs, and backscattering coefficient, σ0. A known relation between zero‐crossing period, Tz, and wave energy period, TE, was used in combination with Hs to calculate wave power per meter wave crest (P). The annual and seasonal mean values of P using AltiKa parameters largely agreed with known ranges of P at the site. A comparison with shallower sites and sites closer to the coast revealed that for estimation of Tz from AltiKa the water depth could be taken into account and an empirical relation is given.
Feedback processes responsible for El Niño‐La Niña amplitude asymmetry
Authors: Im Seul‐Hee , An Soon‐Il , Kim Seon Tae , Jin Fei‐Fei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo analyze El Niño‐La Niña asymmetry, Bjerknes Stability Index analysis applied separately for El Niño and La Niña events. The growth rate of the El Niño is larger than that of the La Niña. Their difference is mainly due to an increased positive dynamical feedback. The enhanced sensitivity of the ocean's dynamic response to wind stress in El Niño is a primary cause for the increase in the positive dynamical feedbacks and is originated from the nonlinear response of atmospheric pattern to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, in particular the eastward shift of maximum wind loading and the equator‐confined wind patch during El Niño. The sensitivity of the wind intensity to SST anomalies is larger during El Niño; however, its impact is not greater than others. Difference in the negative feedbacks is mainly attributed to the damping by shortwave feedback, with the latent heat flux feedback being a secondary contributor.
Improvements of the shock arrival times at the Earth model STOA
Authors: Liu H.‐L. , Qin G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPrediction of the shocks' arrival times (SATs) at the Earth is very important for space weather forecast. There is a well‐known SAT model, Shock Time of Arrival (STOA), which is widely used in the space weather forecast. However, the shock transit time from STOA model usually has a relative large error compared to the real measurements. In addition, STOA tends to yield too much “yes” prediction, which causes a large number of false alarms. Therefore, in this work, we work on the modification of STOA model. First, we give a new method to calculate the shock transit time by modifying the way to use the solar wind speed in STOA model. Second, we develop new criteria for deciding whether the shock will arrive at the Earth with the help of the sunspot numbers and the angle distances of the flare events. It is shown that our work can improve the SATs prediction significantly, especially the prediction of flare events without shocks arriving at the Earth.
Idealized global nonhydrostatic atmospheric test cases on a reduced‐radius sphere
Authors: Klemp J. B. , Skamarock W. C. , Park S.‐H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIdealized simulations on a reduced‐radius sphere can provide a useful vehicle for evaluating the behavior of nonhydrostatic processes in nonhydrostatic global atmospheric dynamical cores provided the simulated cases exhibit good agreement with corresponding flows in a Cartesian geometry, and for which there are known solutions. Idealized test cases on a reduced‐radius sphere are presented here that focus on both dry and moist dynamics. The dry dynamics cases are variations of mountain‐wave simulations designed for the Dynamical Core Model Intercomparison Project (DCMIP), and permit quantitative comparisons with linear analytic mountain‐wave solutions in a Cartesian geometry. To evaluate moist dynamics, an idealized supercell thunderstorm is simulated that has strong correspondence to results obtained on a flat plane, and which can be numerically converged by specifying a constant physical diffusion. A simple Kessler‐type routine for cloud microphysics is provided that can be readily implemented in atmospheric simulation models. Results for these test cases are evaluated for simulations with the Model for Prediction across scales (MPAS). They confirm close agreement with corresponding simulations in a Cartestian geometry; the mountain‐wave results agree well with analytic mountain‐wave solutions, and the simulated supercells are consistent with other idealized supercell simulation studies and exhibit convergent behavior.
Synthesis and characterization of polymerizable epoxy resin surfactants
Authors: Wang Yue , He Zhipeng , Liu Qiong , Huang He 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTPolymerizable epoxy resin (PER) surfactants have been prepared from the reaction of bisphenol A epoxy resin with acrylic acid, followed by the reaction with polyethylene glycol (PEG) with different molecular weights. The reaction procedures were monitored by chemical titrations, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR. The products show typical surface‐active properties as but much higher water solubility than nonpolymerizable nonionic surfactant OP‐10. With the increase of PEG's molecular weight, the HLB value, the water solubility, and the critical micellar concentration (CMC) of the PER surfactants, the cloud point of the PER surfactant solutions, as well as the solubilization capability of the PER surfactants to organic compounds increase under the experimental conditions. The copolymerization under UV radiation indicated that about 75–80 wt % of PER surfactants participated in the copolymerization with epoxy diacrylate (EdA), except for the PER surfactant with the lowest PEG molecular weight of 1 k. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42598.
Vps26B‐retromer negatively regulates plasma membrane resensitization of PAR‐2
Authors: Bugarcic Andrea , Vetter Irina , Chalmers Silke , Kinna Genevieve , Collins Brett M. , Teasdale Rohan D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRetromer is a trimeric complex composed of Vps26, Vps29, and Vps35 and has been shown to be involved in trafficking and sorting of transmembrane proteins within the endosome. The Vps26 paralog, Vps26B, defines a distinct retromer complex (Vps26B‐retromer) in vivo and in vitro. Although endosomally associated, Vps26B‐retromer does not bind the established retromer transmembrane cargo protein, cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐M6PR), indicating it has a distinct role to retromer containing the Vps26A paralog. In the present study we use the previously established Vps26B‐expressing HEK293 cell model to address the role of Vps26B‐retromer in trafficking of the protease activated G‐protein coupled receptor PAR‐2 to the plasma membrane. In these cells there is no apparent defect in the initial activation of the receptor, as evidenced by release of intracellular calcium, ERK1/2 signaling and endocytosis of activated receptor PAR‐2 into degradative organelles. However, we observe a significant delay in plasma membrane repopulation of the protease activated G protein‐coupled receptor PAR‐2 following stimulation, resulting in a defect in PAR‐2 activation after resensitization. Here we propose that PAR‐2 plasma membrane repopulation is regulated by Vps26B‐retromer, describing a potential novel role for this complex.
Promoted Fe2O3‐Al2O3‐CuO Chromium‐Free Catalysts for High‐Temperature Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Meshkani Fereshteh , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPromoted Fe2O3‐Al2O3‐CuO (FAC) chromium‐free catalysts were prepared for high‐temperature water‐gas shift reactions and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method (BET), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalytic results revealed that among the investigated promoted catalysts with Ce, La, Zn, Y, and Mn as promoters, the Mn‐promoted sample showed higher activity compared to the other promoted catalysts. Increasing the Mn content improved the surface area and catalytic activity. The FAC catalyst promoted with a high Mn content exhibited maximum activity and relatively high stability in high‐temperature water‐gas shift reaction.
Comparison of Preparation Methods of Iron‐Based Catalysts for High‐Temperature Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Meshkani Fereshteh , Rezaei Mehran 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe influence of preparation methods on structural and catalytic properties of the Fe2O3‐Cr2O3‐CuO catalyst during the high‐temperature water‐gas shift reaction was determined. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller method (BET), and temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR). The results revealed that the type of coprecipitation, i.e., simple, inverse, and differential, had a significant effect on both structural and catalytic properties. The catalyst prepared by the simple precipitation method exhibited higher activity than the catalysts generated by inverse and differential coprecipitation and the commercial catalyst. The types of precipitation agent and iron and chromium precursors were found to have a significant impact on the structural and catalytic features.
Bestimmung der Lastgrenzen konventioneller Strukturpackungen und Anstaupackungen mithilfe des Wallis‐Plots
Authors: Yildirim Ömer , Flechsig Steve , Brinkmann Ulf , Kenig Eugeny Y. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFür die fluiddynamische Auslegung von konventionellen Strukturpackungen und Anstaupackungen, bei denen zwei fluide Phasen im Gegenstrom geführt werden, ist die hinreichend genaue Vorhersage der Lastgrenzen essentiell. Ausgehend vom sogenannten Wallis‐Plot kann ein empirischer Ansatz zur Beschreibung von Flutgrenzen generiert werden. In dieser Arbeit wird basierend auf experimentellen Daten zu den Flutgrenzen von konventionellen Struktur‐ und Anstaupackungen eine auf dem Wallis‐Plot beruhende Korrelation erweitert. Diese ermöglicht eine Berechnung der Lastgrenzen in Abhängigkeit verschiedener Parameter. Die ermittelte Korrelation wird in ein bestehendes Fluiddynamikmodell zur Berechnung der Druckverluste von Anstaupackungen integriert.
Provable multiple replication data possession with full dynamics for secure cloud storage
Authors: Zhang Yafang , Ni Jianbing , Tao Xiaoling , Wang Yong , Yu Yong 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCloud storage has been gaining tremendous popularity among individuals and corporations because of its low maintenance cost and on‐demand services for the clients. To improve the availability and the reliability of critical data, storing multiple replicas on multiple servers is a commonly used strategy. Currently, several provable data possession (PDP) protocols for multiple replicas of dynamic data have been proposed to ensure the integrity of outsourced multi‐copy data, but the efficiency of these protocols on verifying multiple replicas one by one is not satisfactory. In this paper, we propose a provable multiple replication data possession protocol with full dynamics, named MR‐DPDP. In MR‐DPDP, we utilize a novel authenticated data structure called Merkle hash tree with rank to support both full dynamic data updates and efficient integrity verification. In addition, our construction with RSA signature can support both variable‐sized file blocks and public verification. Through security proof and performance evaluation, we demonstrate that MR‐DPDP not only is sound but also incurs less communication overhead when updating data blocks as well as verifying a proof of the integrity of multiple replicas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2D light scattering static cytometry for label‐free single cell analysis with submicron resolution
Authors: Xie Linyan , Yang Yan , Sun Xuming , Qiao Xu , Liu Qiao , Song Kun , Kong Beihua , Su Xuantao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractConventional optical cytometric techniques usually measure fluorescence or scattering signals at fixed angles from flowing cells in a liquid stream. Here we develop a novel cytometer that employs a scanning optical fiber to illuminate single static cells on a glass slide, which requires neither microfluidic fabrication nor flow control. This static cytometric technique measures two dimensional (2D) light scattering patterns via a small numerical aperture (0.25) microscope objective for label‐free single cell analysis. Good agreement is obtained between the yeast cell experimental and Mie theory simulated patterns. It is demonstrated that the static cytometer with a microscope objective of a low resolution around 1.30 μm has the potential to perform high resolution analysis on yeast cells with distributed sizes. The capability of the static cytometer for size determination with submicron resolution is validated via measurements on standard microspheres with mean diameters of 3.87 and 4.19 μm. Our 2D light scattering static cytometric technique may provide an easy‐to‐use, label‐free, and flow‐free method for single cell diagnostics. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
How to transform a metabolic syndrome score into an insulin sensitivity value?
Authors: Hermans Michel P. , Bouenizabila Evariste , Ahn Sylvie A. , Rousseau Michel F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) predicts cardiovascular risk and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus. The presence of a MetS is defined by the clustering of ≥3 out of 5 cardiometabolic criteria (hyperglycemia; hypertension; enlarged waist; low high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol; and hypertriglyceridemia), each of which is connected with insulin resistance. It is not known whether the severity of MetS, ranked from the sextet of scores range [0/5 to 5/5], is linearly related to reduced insulin sensitivity (IS) and/or lesser hyperbolic product across the glycemic spectrum.Patients and methodsA total of 839 adults (54 normoglycemic; 785 with abnormal glucose homeostasis, among whom 711 type 2 diabetes mellitus) had insulin sensitivity assessed together with their cardiometabolic phenotype.ResultsThere was a significant gradient according to interval‐scale MetS score in insulinemia; body mass index; (visceral) fat; hepatic steatosis; and macroangiopathy. There was an inverse linear relationship between increasing MetS scores and decreased insulin sensitivity, allowing to define an insulin resistance‐predicting linear equation: IS (%) = [−15.1 × MetS score] + 109.4 (R2 = 0.221). For each MetS category, mean IS values did not significantly differ between groups of patients across the glycemic spectrum. The hyperbolic product (β‐cell function × IS) and/or its loss rate were inversely related to MetS severity.ConclusionInsulin sensitivity is linearly and inversely related to MetS severity across the 6 scores. This novel way to exploit information intrinsic to the MetS criteria provides an easy and low cost means to quantify insulin sensitivity across the glycemic spectrum. Moreover, a higher MetS score is associated with lesser residual insulin secretion, and faster B‐cell function loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two eggs, two different constraints: a potential explanation for the puzzling intraclutch egg size dimorphism inEudyptespenguins
Authors: Poisbleau Maud , Dehnhard Nina , Demongin Laurent , Quillfeldt Petra , Eens Marcel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity and phenotypic stability are major components of the adaptive evolution of organisms to environmental variation. The invariant two‐egg clutch size ofEudyptespenguins has recently been proposed to be a unique example of a maladaptive phenotypic stability, while their egg mass is a plastic trait. We tested whether this phenotypic plasticity during reproduction might result from constraints imposed by migration (migratory carry‐over effect) and breeding (due to the depletion of female body reserves). For the first time, we examined whether these constraints differ between eggs within clutches and between egg components (yolk and albumen). The interval between colony return and clutch initiation positively influenced the yolk mass, the albumen mass, and the subsequent total egg mass of first‐laid eggs. This time interval had only a slight negative influence on the yolk mass of second‐laid eggs and no influence on their albumen and subsequent total masses. For both eggs, female body mass at laying positively influenced albumen and total egg masses. Female investment into the entire clutch was not related to the time in the colony before laying but increased with female body mass. These novel results suggest that the unique intraclutch egg size dimorphism exhibited inEudyptespenguins, with first‐laid eggs being consistently smaller than second‐laid eggs, might be due to a combination of constraints: a migratory carry‐over effect on the first‐laid egg and a body reserve depletion effect on the second‐laid egg. Both these constraints might explain why the timing of reproduction, especially egg formation, is narrow in migratory capital breeders.
Scaling nitrogen and carbon interactions: what are the consequences of biological buffering?
Authors: Weston David J. , Rogers Alistair , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Gunter Lee E. , Jawdy Sara A. , Engle Nancy L. , Heady Lindsey E. , Tuskan Gerald A. , Wullschleger Stan D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the consequences of elevated CO2 (eCO2; 800 ppm) on terrestrial ecosystems is a central theme in global change biology, but relatively little is known about how altered plant C and N metabolism influences higher levels of biological organization. Here, we investigate the consequences of C and N interactions by genetically modifying the N‐assimilation pathway in Arabidopsis and initiating growth chamber and mesocosm competition studies at current CO2 (cCO2; 400 ppm) and eCO2 over multiple generations. Using a suite of ecological, physiological, and molecular genomic tools, we show that a single‐gene mutant of a key enzyme (nia2) elicited a highly orchestrated buffering response starting with a fivefold increase in the expression of a gene paralog (nia1) and a 63% increase in the expression of gene network module enriched for N‐assimilation genes. The genetic perturbation reduced amino acids, protein, and TCA‐cycle intermediate concentrations in the nia2 mutant compared to the wild‐type, while eCO2 mainly increased carbohydrate concentrations. The mutant had reduced net photosynthetic rates due to a 27% decrease in carboxylation capacity and an 18% decrease in electron transport rates. The expression of these buffering mechanisms resulted in a penalty that negatively correlated with fitness and population dynamics yet showed only minor alterations in our estimates of population function, including total per unit area biomass, ground cover, and leaf area index. This study provides insight into the consequences of buffering mechanisms that occur post‐genetic perturbations in the N pathway and the associated outcomes these buffering systems have on plant populations relative to eCO2.
Synthesis of a Phosphinate Analogue of the Antitumour Phospholipid Edelfosine
Authors: Markoulides Marios S. , Regan Andrew C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first concise synthesis of a phosphinate analogue of the antitumour ether phospholipid edelfosine is described. The key synthetic step comprised the free‐radical addition reaction of phosphinic acid to a functionalised allyl ether, to incorporate the hydrophobic tail into a monosubstituted H‐phosphinic acid. The hydrophilic head group was then added by using a silyl phosphonite based Michael addition. The reported synthetic study lays the groundwork for the synthesis of modified phosphinate phospholipid derivatives to facilitate investigations on their biological activity as membrane‐targeting antitumour agents.
Cyclocarbonylative Sonogashira Reactions of 1‐Ethynylbenzyl Alcohols: Synthesis of 1‐Carbonylmethylene‐1,3‐Dihydroisobenzofurans
Authors: Aronica Laura Antonella , Giannotti Luca , Tuci Giulia , Zinna Francesco 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this work, we present a carbonylative Sonogashira reaction of o‐ethynyl benzyl alcohols and aryl iodides, followed by a cyclization process to selectively give carbonylmethylene isobenzofurans in high yields and in an atom‐economic fashion. The reaction can be carried out in the absence of CuI, with a small amount of PdCl2(PPh3)2 (0.2–0.5 mol‐%), using aryl iodides bearing both electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups. Of the two possible stereoisomeric products, Z‐isobenzofuran derivatives were obtained as major products. But, when the reaction was extended to a secondary alcohol, an interesting switch in stereoselectivity was observed.
Interaction between meander dynamics and floodplain heterogeneity in a large tropical sand‐bed river: the Rio Beni, Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Schwendel Arved C. , Nicholas Andrew P. , Aalto Rolf E. , Sambrook Smith Greg H. , Buckley Simon 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe evolution of meandering river floodplains is predominantly controlled by the interplay between overbank sedimentation and channel migration. The resulting spatial heterogeneity in floodplain deposits leads to variability in bank erodibility, which in turn influences channel migration and planform development. Despite the potential significance of these feedbacks, few studies have quantified their impact upon channel evolution and floodplain construction in dynamic settings (e.g. locations characterized by rapid channel migration and high rates of overbank sedimentation). This study employs a combination of field observations, geographic information system (GIS) analysis of satellite imagery and numerical modelling to investigate these issues along a 375 km reach of the Rio Beni in the Bolivian Amazon. Results demonstrate that the occurrence of clay‐rich floodplain deposits promotes a significant reduction in channel migration rates and distinctive styles of channel evolution, including channel straightening and immobilization of bend apices leading to channel narrowing. Clay bodies act as stable locations limiting the propagation of planform disturbances in both upstream and downstream directions, and operate as ‘hinge’ points, around which the channel migrates. Spatial variations in the erodibility of clay‐rich floodplain material also promote large‐scale (10–50 km) differences in channel sinuosity and migration, although these variables are also likely to be influenced by channel gradient and tectonic effects that are difficult to quantify. Numerical model results suggest that spatial heterogeneity in bank erodibility, driven by variable bank composition, may force a substantial (c. 30%) reduction in average channel sinuosity, compared to situations in which bank strength is spatially homogeneous. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.