bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diterpenes with Unprecedented Skeletons from the Red Alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius
Authors: Smyrniotopoulos Vangelis , Kiss Robert , Mathieu Véronique , Vagias Constantinos , Roussis Vassilios 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThree previously unknown diterpenes – spirosphaerol (1), anthrasphaerol (2) and corfusphaeroxide (3) – have been isolated from the red alga Sphaerococcus coronopifolius. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis, including NMR and MS. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for their in vitro antitumour activities against one murine and five human cancer cell lines.
Affiliation‐seeking among the powerless: Lacking power increases social affiliative motivation
Authors: Case Charleen R. , Conlon Kyle E. , Maner Jon K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough it is well known that many people possess fundamental desires for both social affiliation and power, research has only begun to investigate the interplay between these two core social motives. The current research tested the hypothesis that an individual's level of power would influence that person's level of social affiliative motivation. We predicted that, compared with participants in a control condition, (1) individuals who possess power would exhibit less social affiliative motivation; and (2) individuals who lack power would display greater social affiliative motivation. Although we found little evidence to support the former prediction, we observed consistent evidence across two experiments that supported the latter. In Experiment 1, priming participants with low power (versus control) led them to display greater interest in joining a campus service aimed at fostering new friendships among students. In Experiment 2, placing participants in a position of low power (versus control) led them to seek greater proximity to a partner. Together, these results suggest that lacking power motivates people to seek social affiliation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of p53 Gene by Using Genomagnetic Assay Combined with Carbon Nanotube Modified Disposable Sensor Technology
Authors: Congur Gulsah , Plucnara Medard , Erdem Arzum , Fojta Miroslav 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElectrochemical monitoring of DNA hybridization related to p53 gene sequence was investigated using genomagnetic assay combined with single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modified pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs). The hybridization was performed either at magnetic beads (MB) surface or in solution. The enhanced guanine signal was obtained using SWCNT‐PGEs compared to one obtained by unmodified PGEs. The selectivity of genomagnetic assay was tested under optimum conditions. The DLs were calculated as 0.88 µM and 0.11 µM for hybridization performed at MB surface and solution, respectively. This selective, practical and cost effective genomagnetic assay combined with SWCNT‐PGEs is reported herein for the first time.
Climate change impacts on bedload transport in alpine drainage basins with hydropower exploitation
Authors: Raymond Pralong Mélanie , Turowski Jens Martin , Rickenmann Dieter , Zappa Massimiliano 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSediment transport is known to have a significant impact on hydropower infrastructures and changes in sediment transport rates are important for sediment management measures and hydroelectricity production. In this study, we present how climate change may affect bedload transport in 66 high alpine catchments used by hydropower companies in the Valais, Switzerland. Future sediment yield is estimated with a runoff‐based sediment transport model for the two future 30 year time periods 2021–2050 and 2070–2099. The analysis is integrated into a modelling chain in which error‐corrected and downscaled climate scenarios generated in the framework of the ENSEMBLES project are coupled to the hydrological model PREVAH, glacier retreat and bedload transport. To calibrate the sediment transport model, we used the observed sediment volumes in water intakes and reservoirs if such data were available. The results obtained show on average a decrease of sediment yield due to the reduced runoff generation during summer, especially for the scenario period 2070–2099. A shift of the seasonal sediment transport regime with a current maximum during July and August to earlier months in the year is predicted. Projections of future sediment yield rely on the accuracy of the individual modeling chain elements. The different sources of uncertainty are discussed qualitatively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A self‐limiting bank erosion mechanism? inferring temporal variations in bank form and skin drag from high resolution topographic data
Authors: Leyland Julian , Darby Stephen E. , Teruggi Liliana , Rinaldi Massimo , Ostuni Daniele 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFluvial bank erosion rates are often quantified by assuming that the erosion rate is a function of the excess (above a critical threshold) boundary shear stress applied by the flow. Research has shown that the form roughness induced by natural topographic bank features, such as slumps, spurs and embayments, is the dominant component of the spatially‐averaged total shear stress, meaning that form roughness provides an important control on bank erosion rates. However, measuring the relative components of the total shear stress for a natural system is not straightforward. In this work we use the method of Kean and Smith to partition the form and skin drag components of river bank roughness using a time series (2005–2011) of high‐resolution topographic surveys of an eroding bank of the Cecina River in central Italy. This method approximates the form drag component of the roughness along a longitudinal bank profile as a series of user‐defined Gaussian curves. The extracted metrics are used in conjunction with an estimate of the outer region flow velocity to partition the form and skin drag components of the total boundary shear stress according to the Kean and Smith analytical solution. The relative magnitude of the form and skin shear stress at each survey date is analysed alongside DEMs of difference to reveal that intense episodes of erosion are followed by periods of quiescence. We show that this is due to the protection offered by increased form drag roughness following erosion. We conceptualise the dynamic feedbacks that exist between river discharge, bank erosion processes and bank form roughness, into a simple model of the self‐limiting nature of river bank erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts
Authors: Kogan Natalya M , Melamed Eitan , Wasserman Elad , Raphael Bitya , Breuer Aviva , Stok Kathryn S , Sondergaard Rachel , Escudero Ana VVillarreal , Baraghithy Saja , Attar-Namdar Malka , Friedlander-Barenboim Silvina , Mathavan Neashan , Isaksson Hanna , Mechoulam Raphael , Müller Ralph , Bajayo Alon , Gabet Yankel , Bab Itai 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Cannabinoid ligands regulate bone mass, but skeletal effects of cannabis (marijuana and hashish) have not been reported. Bone fractures are highly prevalent, involving prolonged immobilization and discomfort. Here we report that the major non-psychoactive cannabis constituent, cannabidiol (CBD), enhances the biomechanical properties of healing rat mid-femoral fractures. The maximal load and work-to-failure, but not the stiffness, of femurs from rats given a mixture of CBD and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) for 8 weeks were markedly increased by CBD. This effect is not shared by THC (the psychoactive component of cannabis), but THC potentiates the CBD stimulated work-to-failure at 6 weeks postfracture followed by attenuation of the CBD effect at 8 weeks. Using micro–computed tomography (μCT), the fracture callus size was transiently reduced by either CBD or THC 4 weeks after fracture but reached control level after 6 and 8 weeks. The callus material density was unaffected by CBD and/or THC. By contrast, CBD stimulated mRNA expression of Plod1 in primary osteoblast cultures, encoding an enzyme that catalyzes lysine hydroxylation, which is in turn involved in collagen crosslinking and stabilization. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy we confirmed the increase in collagen crosslink ratio by CBD, which is likely to contribute to the improved biomechanical properties of the fracture callus. Taken together, these data show that CBD leads to improvement in fracture healing and demonstrate the critical mechanical role of collagen crosslinking enzymes. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Mechanisms Regulating Acquisition of Platelet‐Derived Factor V/Va by Megakaryocytes
Authors: Gertz Jacqueline M. , Bouchard Beth A. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFactor Va serves as the nonenzymatic protein cofactor for the prothrombinase complex, which converts prothrombin to thrombin in the events leading to formation of a hemostatic plug. Several observations support the concept that platelet‐derived factor V/Va is physically and functionally distinct and plays a more important role in thrombin generation at sites of vascular injury as compared to its plasma counterpart. Platelet‐derived factor V/Va is generated following endocytosis of the plasma‐derived molecule by the platelet precursor cells, megakaryocytes, via a two receptor system consisting of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor‐related protein‐1 (LRP‐1) and an unidentified specific “binding site”. More recently, it was suggested that a cell surface‐expressed β‐galactoside binding protein, galectin‐8, was involved in factor V endocytosis. Endocytosed factor V is trafficked through the cell and retailored prior to its storage in α‐granules. Given the essential role of platelet‐derived factor Va in clot formation, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate how platelets acquire this molecule will be important for the treatment of excessive bleeding or clotting. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2121–2126, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of structural and sequence variation within isotype lineages of the Neisseria meningitidis transferrin receptor system
Authors: Adamiak Paul , Calmettes Charles , Moraes Trevor F. , Schryvers Anthony B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNeisseria meningitidis inhabits the human upper respiratory tract and is an important cause of sepsis and meningitis. A surface receptor comprised of transferrin‐binding proteins A and B (TbpA and TbpB), is responsible for acquiring iron from host transferrin. Sequence and immunological diversity divides TbpBs into two distinct lineages; isotype I and isotype II. Two representative isotype I and II strains, B16B6 and M982, differ in their dependence on TbpB for in vitro growth on exogenous transferrin. The crystal structure of TbpB and a structural model for TbpA from the representative isotype I N. meningitidis strain B16B6 were obtained. The structures were integrated with a comprehensive analysis of the sequence diversity of these proteins to probe for potential functional differences. A distinct isotype I TbpA was identified that co‐varied with TbpB and lacked sequence in the region for the loop 3 α‐helix that is proposed to be involved in iron removal from transferrin. The tightly associated isotype I TbpBs had a distinct anchor peptide region, a distinct, smaller linker region between the lobes and lacked the large loops in the isotype II C‐lobe. Sequences of the intact TbpB, the TbpB N‐lobe, the TbpB C‐lobe, and TbpA were subjected to phylogenetic analyses. The phylogenetic clustering of TbpA and the TbpB C‐lobe were similar with two main branches comprising the isotype 1 and isotype 2 TbpBs, possibly suggesting an association between TbpA and the TbpB C‐lobe. The intact TbpB and TbpB N‐lobe had 4 main branches, one consisting of the isotype 1 TbpBs. One isotype 2 TbpB cluster appeared to consist of isotype 1 N‐lobe sequences and isotype 2 C‐lobe sequences, indicating the swapping of N‐lobes and C‐lobes. Our findings should inform future studies on the interaction between TbpB and TbpA and the process of iron acquisition.
Deconstruction of DNA Methylation Patterns During Myogenesis Reveals Specific Epigenetic Events in the Establishment of the Skeletal Muscle Lineage
Authors: carrió Elvira , Díez-Villanueva Anna , Lois Sergi , Mallona Izaskun , Cases Ildefonso , Forn Marta , Peinado Miguel A. , Suelves Mònica 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The progressive restriction of differentiation potential from pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to tissue-specific stem cells involves widespread epigenetic reprogramming, including modulation of DNA methylation patterns. Skeletal muscle stem cells are required for the growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. To investigate the contribution of DNA methylation to the establishment of the myogenic program, we analyzed ESCs, skeletal muscle stem cells in proliferating (myoblasts) and differentiating conditions (myotubes), and mature myofibers. About 1.000 differentially methylated regions were identified during muscle-lineage determination and terminal differentiation, mainly located in gene bodies and intergenic regions. As a whole, myogenic stem cells showed a gain of DNA methylation, while muscle differentiation was accompanied by loss of DNA methylation in CpG-poor regions. Notably, the hypomethylated regions in myogenic stem cells were neighbored by enhancer-type chromatin, suggesting the involvement of DNA methylation in the regulation of cell-type specific enhancers. Interestingly, we demonstrated the hypomethylation of the muscle cell-identity Myf5 super-enhancer only in muscle cells. Furthermore, we observed that upstream stimulatory factor 1 binding to Myf5 super-enhancer occurs upon DNA demethylation in myogenic stem cells. Taken altogether, we characterized the unique DNA methylation signature of skeletal muscle stem cells and highlighted the importance of DNA methylation-mediated regulation of cell identity Myf5 super-enhancer during cellular differentiation. Stem Cells 2015;33:2025–2036
Multipotent Glia-Like Stem Cells Mediate Stress Adaptation
Authors: Rubin de Celis Maria F. , Garcia-Martin Ruben , Wittig Dierk , Valencia Gabriela D. , Enikolopov Grigori , Funk Richard H. , Chavakis Triantafyllos , Bornstein Stefan R. , Androutsellis-Theotokis Andreas , Ehrhart-Bornstein Monika 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The neural crest-derived adrenal medulla is closely related to the sympathetic nervous system; however, unlike neural tissue, it is characterized by high plasticity which suggests the involvement of stem cells. Here, we show that a defined pool of glia-like nestin–expressing progenitor cells in the adult adrenal medulla contributes to this plasticity. These glia-like cells have features of adrenomedullary sustentacular cells, are multipotent, and are able to differentiate into chromaffin cells and neurons. The adrenal is central to the body's response to stress making its proper adaptation critical to maintaining homeostasis. Our results from stress experiments in vivo show the activation and differentiation of these progenitors into new chromaffin cells. In summary, we demonstrate the involvement of a new glia-like multipotent stem cell population in adrenal tissue adaptation. Our data also suggest the contribution of stem and progenitor cells in the adaptation of neuroendocrine tissue function in general. Stem Cells 2015;33:2037–2051
Assessing and generating test sets in terms of behavioural adequacy
Authors: Fraser Gordon , Walkinshaw Neil 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIdentifying a finite test set that adequately captures the essential behaviour of a program such that all faults are identified is a well‐established problem. This is traditionally addressed with syntactic adequacy metrics (e.g. branch coverage), but these can be impractical and may be misleading even if they are satisfied. One intuitive notion of adequacy, which has been discussed in theoretical terms over the past three decades, is the idea of behavioural coverage: If it is possible to infer an accurate model of a system from its test executions, then the test set can be deemed to be adequate. Despite its intuitive basis, it has remained almost entirely in the theoretical domain because inferred models have been expected to be exact (generally an infeasible task) and have not allowed for any pragmatic interim measures of adequacy to guide test set generation. This paper presents a practical approach to incorporate behavioural coverage. Our BESTEST approach (1) enables the use of machine learning algorithms to augment standard syntactic testing approaches and (2) shows how search‐based testing techniques can be applied to generate test sets with respect to this criterion. An empirical study on a selection of Java units demonstrates that test sets with higher behavioural coverage significantly outperform current baseline test criteria in terms of detected faults. © 2015 The Authors. Software Testing, Verification and Reliability published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the impact of at‐source stormwater management on urban flooding through a coupling of network and overland flow models
Authors: Burns Matthew J. , Schubert Jochen E. , Fletcher Tim D. , Sanders Brett F. 
Published: March 2015

In many urban catchments, stormwater flooding is a serious problem. Low‐impact development and the use of stormwater control measures (SCMs) have the potential to mitigate such flooding, but this potential is highly context specific and remains largely untested. In this study, we tested the potential of SCMs to impact stormwater flooding in a peri‐urban catchment by coupling a one‐dimensional 1D stormwater drainage model with a two‐dimensional (2D) overland flow model. We predicted consequent flood dynamics for a range of storm events and management scenarios. We found that realistically extensive application of rain tanks and infiltration trenches is most effective in mitigating stormwater flooding for common‐to‐rare storm events [5‐ to 20‐year annual recurrence interval (ARI)] with short durations, such that the events have rainfall depths that are similar to the retention (or storage) capacity of commonly used small‐scale SCMs. Retention of stormwater also has the ability to mitigate overland flow intensity, positively impacting pedestrian safety and reducing potential building damage for rare events with ARIs above 20 years. In addition, SCMs also provide benefits to alternative options such as pipe upgrades, through their protection of receiving waters and enhancement of urban landscape amenity. WIREs Water 2015, 2:291–300. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1078This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Crystal Structure of a Commercial Product Called Lead Cyanurate
Authors: Dolabdjian Konstantin , Ströbele Markus , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe reaction of PbO with cyanuric acid was reported to give lead cyanurate, described in the literature as Pb3(O3C3N3)2·2H2O. Crystalline powders were prepared and investigated by X‐ray powder diffraction, yielding a monoclinic crystal structure (space group Cc, a = 16.6217(1) Å, b = 6.7161(1) Å, c = 12.4308(1) Å, β = 117.567(1)°). The structure solution and refinement yielded lead oxide isocyanurate corresponding to the formula Pb3O2(O3C3N3H2)2, with a layered arrangement of [Pb3O2]2+ ions and monovalent isocyanurate anions in an alternating fashion.
Ice Hockey Summit II: Zero Tolerance for Head Hits and Fighting
Authors: Smith Aynsley M. , Stuart Michael J. , Dodick David W. , Roberts William O. , Alford Patrick W. , Ashare Alan B. , Aubrey Mark , Benson Brian W. , Burke Chip J. , Dick Randall , Eickhoff Chad , Emery Carolyn A. , Flashman Laura A. , Gaz Daniel V. , Giza Chris C. , Greenwald Richard M. , Herring Stanley A. , Hoshizaki T. Blaine , Hudziak James J. , Huston John , Krause David , LaVoi Nicole , Leaf Matt , Leddy John J. , MacPherson Allison , McKee Ann C. , Mihalik Jason P. , Moessner Anne M. , Montelpare William J. , Putukian Margot , Schneider Kathryn J. , Szalkowski Ron , Tabrum Mark , Whitehead James R. , Wiese‐Bjornstal Diane M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo present currently known basic science and on‐ice influences of sport related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building upon the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC.MethodsThe prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure, for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, October, 2013). Summit II focused on Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward; (2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference; (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education and Measuring Effectiveness; (4) Updates in Equipment: their Relationship to Industry Standards and (5) Policies and Plans at State, National and Federal Levels to reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were subsequently voted on for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include the knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators.ResultsThe Summit II evidence based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion.ConclusionsThe highest priority action items identified from the Summit include: 1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, 2) change body checking policies, and 3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.
“Rule of Law” in a Party-State: A Conceptual Interpretive Framework of the Constitutional Reality of China
Authors: LI Ling 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article identifies and conceptualizes the structural features of the Party-state and proposes a “dual normative system” as a framework to interpret the constitutional reality of China. This framework has four components: (1) structural integration of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP or the Party) and the state; (2) reserved delegation of authority to the state; (3) bifurcation of state decision-making processes; and (4) cohabitation of the two normative systems: one of the Party and one of the state. This article demonstrates that the political reforms in China since the 1980s have not separated the power of the Party and the state, but have created an increasingly institutionalized dual normative system that is more complex compared with the previous fused system, yet more pliable to adjustments and more open to different interpretations, including to that of the “Party-state constitutionalism”, which interprets the “rule of law” as compatible with the rule of the Party.
“Johns” in the Spotlight: Anti-prostitution Efforts and the Surveillance of Clients
Authors: Khan Ummni 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis essay examines surveillant practices that subject sex trade clients (“clients”) to socio-legal control. In particular, I employ the concepts of the gaze, voyeurism, and exhibitionism to unpack the surveillant dynamics, and consider how power and pleasure are harnessed, produced, and thwarted in the increasing scrutiny of the sex trade’s demand side. I further examine my own research of the regulation of clients within this analytical framework. Following David Lyon’s insights on the scopophilic dimensions of surveillance (2006), I argue that the instrumental goals of surveillance are interconnected with a voyeurism that gratifies the pleasures of looking at, categorizing, defining and making sense of, clients. Yet, bearing in mind the multi-directionality of the gaze, I also analyze the controlled exhibition of sex work signifiers, as information is not just gathered, but also displayed and performed.