bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow Induced Noise Predictions of an Automotive Alternator Using a Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Le Goff Vincent , Vidal Vincent , Fakes Michel , Chiozzi Philippe , Le Goff Erwan , Perot Franck , Kim Min-Suk 
Published: September 2014

The increasing demand for comfort and quietness from the automotive industry transforms the acoustics performances of subsystems as a critical input for the selection of a specific design. Among this market, rotating systems noise takes a growing importance and automotive alternators are strongly impacted by this aspect. Alternators contain many different types of rotating parts such as cooling fans and claw poles and their corresponding flow-induced noise contributions and interaction mechanisms driving the noise generation have to be assessed as early as possible in the product development process.
Experimental methods have been historically used to identify and reduce the most obvious phenomena at the origin of the broadband and tonal contents of the noise. Considering the complexity of this device, it appears practically more and more difficult to understand the involved mechanisms and to identify and treat the remaining aeroacoustics sources. The use of digital solutions to simulate the corresponding flow-induced noise contributions and to provide an insight on the noise generation mechanisms represents an alternative to this experimental approach. Furthermore, numerical approach allows a broader design space exploration, where experimental testing can sometime be limited by other constraints, such as mechanical, thermal and electromagnetic aspects. Another advantage of using CAE method is to reduce the product development cycle and the number of expensive prototypes. The highly detailed geometry features and the constrained environment of alternators however represented a real challenge for computational aeroacoustics solutions.
In this paper, an unsteady and compressible computational approach based on the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) is used to simultaneously predict the 3-D turbulent flow and the corresponding acoustic field of an automotive alternator. The complete rotor-stator model including all geometrical details and the truly rotating geometry is simulated. Numerical and experimental far field sound pressure levels and acoustic power comparisons are presented. Additional transient and spectral flow analysis are performed to diagnose flow-induced noise problems and to provide a better understanding of the aeroacoustics sources.
Numerical Study of the Effect of Multiple Tightly-Wound Vortices on a Transonic Fan Stage Performance
Authors: Pardo Alejandro Castillo , Mehdi Ahad , Pachidis Vassilios , MacManus David G. 
Published: September 2014

As a result of the new engine design trends, the likelihood of tightly-wound vortices being ingested by the engine rises. Therefore, the risk associated with the ingestion of swirl distortion becomes a major concern.
A numerical analysis of the response of a transonic fan stage to the ingestion of different distorted flow patterns is carried out using steady-state CFD. The CFD approach is generated and validated against experimental data for undistorted inlet conditions. Following the validation, a wide range of configurations with vortex flow distortions are analysed and evaluated. The change in global performance is quantified and the flow field is extensively analysed. Consequently, the parameters that have the most critical impact on the performance of the fan stage are identified.
The study identifies a close relation between the number of vortices ingested and the change in rotor performance. However, the deviation from the clean rotor performance has been found to be independent of the circumferential distance between vortices. Additionally, the effects of the radial location, polarity and vortex magnitude have been assessed. Ingested co-rotating vortices cause a significant reduction in pressure ratio and corrected mass flow. In contrast, counter-rotating vortices are associated with an increase in the pressure ratio and corrected mass flow. The change in rotor performance increases with the strength. However, a dramatical drop in pressure ratio is observed for counter-rotating vortices when the vortex strength exceeds a critical value.
Numerical and Experimental Study of Swirling Flow in a Short Annular to Round Diffuser/Nozzle
Authors: Namet-Allah A. , Birk A. M. 
Published: September 2014

The objective of the current paper is to gain an understanding of the effects of inlet swirling flow on the flow field through short annular transition diffusers and nozzles. These devices are representative of the primary driving nozzles for certain exhaust ejector systems. It is known that strongly swirling flow can degrade ejector performance due to core separation. It is believed that minor changes in driving nozzle shape can improve ejector performance significantly.
Two configurations of a diffuser/nozzle were tested experimentally and numerically under different swirl strengths. The two configurations were mounted on an annular flow wind tunnel. Two shapes of the annulus’ centre body end; square and elliptical, were used. Based on the hydraulic inlet diameter, average velocity and temperature in the annulus of the wind tunnel, the measurements were carried out at Mach range of 0.21 to 0.26 with Reynolds number of 2.3 to 2.7×105.
Ansys14 was used for the CFD simulations. The measured velocity profiles in the annulus were used as input flow conditions in the CFD investigation. The RNG k-ε turbulence model was used in the CFD simulations. The measured velocity profiles at the device exit, and measured surface pressures on the annulus, duct and nozzle walls were compared with the CFD predictions. The measured back pressure coefficient and total pressure loss through the diffuser systems were compared with the CFD predictions. A reasonable agreement between the experimental data and numerical predictions was observed.
It was found computationally that the size of the central recirculation zone behind the annulus centre body has negative effects on the diffuser performance under different swirl numbers. The square shape of the annulus’ centre body end increased the back pressure and total pressure loss coefficients over the elliptical shape. However, the flow uniformity at the duct and nozzle exits improved with the square shape over the elliptical end. These differences may have a significant effect on ejector pumping.
Transonic Axial Compressors With Total Pressure Inlet Flow Field Distortions
Authors: Lesser Andreas , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: September 2014

Non-uniform inlet flow has come back into focus of research during the last years due to the need of increasing the operational range of airborne engines. Higher climbing rates for lower noise pollution at airports as well as boundary layer ingesting inlet designs lead to the demand of inlet distortion resistant engines and compressors, in particular. To fulfill this design task, a deep understanding of the dominant flow physics of the distortion transport through the compressor as well as the influence of the compressor on the upstream flow field is needed. This paper starts with the transport of a circumferential total pressure distortion through a compressor stage. Using numerical results, previously validated by experimental data, a phenomenological approach for the transport is presented. The most important finding is the essential role of the different propagation speeds of the static pressure distortion and the inflow velocity distortion and its decoupling. A static pressure and an inflow velocity distortion are present for all kinds of total pressure distortions caused by the upstream flow field redistribution of the compressor. This decoupling causes not only a significant circumferential increase of the distorted sector but also a strong variation of the distortion magnitude downstream of the compressor stage. All relevant phenomena are present in the phenomenological approach as well as in the numerical and the referred experimental results. Inlet distortions result in a decrease of stability margin [1],[2]. The crucial area for the stability of most modern transonic compressors is the tip region; therefore, the tip region was under particular investigation. The numerical results show that the flow field in the distorted area is shifted toward the stall line. The shock system and the tip clearance vortex behave similar to the results near stall with uniform inflow. No local stall can be observed, although the local operating points within the distorted sector travel beyond the stall line of the compressor map with uniform inflow.
Finally, a new analytical approach for the critical distortion angle is presented. The main finding is the circumferential extent has to be big enough to separate the zones of decoupled distortion quantities.
Relations Between Sedentary Behavior and FITNESSGRAM Healthy Fitness Zone Achievement and Physical Activity
Authors: Tucker Jacob S. , Martin Scott , Jackson Allen W. , Morrow James R. , Greenleaf Christy A. , Petrie Trent A. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose:To investigate the relations between sedentary behaviors and health-related physical fitness and physical activity in middle school boys and girls.Methods:Students (n = 1515) in grades 6–8 completed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey sedentary behavior questions, the FITNESSGRAM physical fitness items, and FITNESSGRAM physical activity self-report questions.Results:When students reported ≤ 2 hours per day of sedentary behaviors, their odds of achieving the FITNESSGRAM Healthy Fitness Zone for aerobic capacity, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition increased. Similarly, the odds of achieving physical activity guidelines for children increased when students reported ≤ 2 hours per day of sedentary behaviors.Conclusions:Results illustrate the importance of keeping sedentary behaviors to ≤ 2 hours per day in middle school children, thus increasing the odds that the student will achieve sufficient health-related fitness benefits and be more likely to achieve the national physical activity guidelines.
Multilevel Correlates of Physical Activity for Early, Mid, and Late Adolescent Girls
Authors: Young Deborah , Saksvig Brit I. , Wu Tong Tong , Zook Kathleen , Li Xia , Champaloux Steven , Grieser Mira , Lee Sunmin , Treuth Margarita S. 
Published: September 2014

Background:We examined associations among multilevel variables and girls’ physical activity to determine whether they vary at different adolescent ages.Methods:All field sites of the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls contributed participants from 6th (n = 1576) and 8th grades (n = 3085). The Maryland site contributed an 11th grade sample (n = 589). Questionnaires were used to obtain demographic and psychosocial information (individual- and social-level variables); height, weight, and triceps skinfold to assess body composition; interviews and surveys for school-level data; and geographical information systems and self-report for neighborhood-level variables. Moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes (MVPA) were assessed from accelerometers. Mixed models (13 individual, 5 social, 15 school, 12 neighborhood variables) were used to determine multilevel associations.Results:Variables at individual, social, school, and neighborhood levels were associated with MVPA, but differed across grades. Lower percent body fat, higher social support from friends, and lower school math scores were associated with higher MVPA at 6th and 8th grade. Higher physical activity self-efficacy was associated with higher MVPA at 11th grade. Only lower physical activity barriers were associated with higher MVPA at all grades.Conclusion:MVPA is a complex behavior with fluid, multilevel correlates that differ among girls across middle and high school.
Clustering of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases in Brazilian Adolescents: Prevalence and Correlates
Authors: Cureau Felipe Vogt , Duarte Paola , dos Santos Daniela Lopes , Reichert Felipe Fossati 
Published: September 2014

Background:Few studies have investigated the prevalence and correlates of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among Brazilian adolescents. We evaluated the clustering of risk factors and their associations with sociodemographic variables.Methods:We used a cross-sectional study carried out in 2011 comprising 1132 students aged 14–19 years from Santa Maria, Brazil. The cluster index was created as the sum of the risk factors. For the correlates analysis, a multinomial logistic regression was used. Furthermore, the observed/expected ratio was calculated.Results:Prevalence of individual risk factors studied was as follows: 85.8% unhealthy diets, 53.5% physical inactivity, 31.3% elevated blood pressure, 23.9% overweight, 22.3% excessive drinking alcohol, and 8.6% smoking. Only 2.8% of the adolescents did not present any risk factor, while 21.7%, 40.9%, 23.1%, and 11.5% presented 1, 2, 3, and 4 or more risk factors, respectively. The most prevalent combination was between unhealthy diets and physical inactivity (observed/expected ratio =1.32; 95% CI: 1.16–1.49). Clustering of risk factors was directly associated with age and inversely associated with socioeconomic status.Conclusions:Clustering of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases is high in Brazilian adolescents. Preventive strategies are more likely to be successful if focusing on multiple risk factors, instead of a single one.
Draft Genome Assembly of Delftia acidovorans Type Strain 2167
Authors: Davenport K. W. , Daligault H. E. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Scholz M. B. , Teshima H. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

The
Delftia acidovorans
2167 (ATCC 15668,
Delftia
type strain) genome was sequenced into a 6-contig scaffolded assembly of 6.78-Mb. This environmental microbe, previously named to both the
Comamonas
and
Pseudomonas
genera, is an opportunistic pathogen and often the subject of phylogenetic placement debates.
Genome Sequence of Pectobacterium atrosepticum Strain 21A
Authors: Nikolaichik Yevgeny , Gorshkov Vladimir , Gogolev Yuri , Valentovich Leonid , Evtushenkov Anatoli 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the annotated genome sequence of the enterobacterial plant pathogen
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
strain 21A, isolated in Belarus from potato stem with blackleg symptoms.
Complete Genome Assembly of a Quality Control Reference Isolate, Moraxella catarrhalis Strain ATCC 25240
Authors: Daligault H. E. , Davenport K. W. , Minogue T. D. , Bishop-Lilly K. A. , Bruce D. C. , Chain P. S. , Coyne S. R. , Frey K. G. , Jaissle J. , Koroleva G. I. , Ladner J. T. , Lo C.-C. , Meincke L. , Munk C. , Palacios G. F. , Redden C. L. , Johnson S. L. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT

Generally an opportunistic pathogen in the United States,
Moraxella catarrhalis
has acquired resistance to multiple antibacterial/antimicrobial agents. Here, we present the complete 1.9-Mb genome of
M. catarrhalis
strain ATCC 25240, as deposited in NCBI under the accession number CP008804.
Moral experience and ethical challenges in an emergency department in Pakistan: emergency physicians’ perspectives
Authors: Zafar Waleed 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionEmergency departments (ED) are often stressful environments posing unique ethical challenges—issues that primarily raise moral rather than clinical concerns—in patient care. Despite this, there are very few reports of what emergency physicians find ethically challenging in their everyday work. Emergency medicine (EM) is a relatively young but rapidly growing specialty that is gaining acceptance worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of EM residents and physicians regarding the common ethical challenges they face during patient care in one of only two academic EM departments in Pakistan. These challenges could then be addressed in residents’ training and departmental practice guidelines.MethodsA qualitative research design was employed and in-depth interviews were conducted with ED physicians. Participants were encouraged to think of specific examples from their work, to highlight the particular ethical concerns raised and to describe in detail the process by which those concerns were addressed or left unresolved. Transcripts were analysed using grounded theory methods.ResultsThirteen participants were interviewed and they described four key challenges: how to provide highest quality care with limited resources; how to be truthful to patients; what to do when it is not possible to provide or continue treatment to patients; and when (and when not) to offer life-sustaining treatments. Participants’ accounts provided important insights into how physicians tried to resolve these challenges in the ‘local moral world’ of an ED in Pakistan.ConclusionsThe study highlights the need for developing systematic and contextually appropriate mechanisms for resolving common ethical challenges in the EDs and for training residents in moral problem solving.
Lessons from the Contraceptive CHOICE Project: the Hull long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) initiative
Authors: Trussell James , Guthrie Kate 
Published: September 2014

AimTo discover whether a hand-out explaining the benefits of intrauterine contraceptives (IUCs) and implants could increase their uptake in Hull, UK.MethodsWe developed a simple double-sided A4 hand-out. On one side was a script with pictures of copper and levonorgestrel IUCs next to a 20 pence coin and of an implant beside a hairgrip. On the other side was the three-tiered effectiveness chart published in the textbookContraceptive Technology. We implemented the project in family planning (FP), abortion and antenatal clinics and general practitioner (GP) surgeries. The plan was that the receptionist would give the hand-out to every woman and ask her to read it before seeing a clinician. We evaluated the hand-out in FP clinics and GP practices because routine electronic monitoring reports were available only for these locations.ResultsThere was no impact in GP practices. There was no overall impact in FP clinics, with the exception of the service hub, in which there was an increase in the proportion of women receiving IUCs or implants of 15.0% between the periods October 2011–April 2012 and May 2012–November 2012 (p=0.0002). This clinic is open 6 days per week and has permanent sexual health staff on the reception desk. The proportion of women receiving IUCs or implants returned to baseline in December 2012–November 2013, when a change in clinic procedure to reduce waiting times caused staff to stop dispensing hand-outs.ConclusionsThis was not a formal study, so there was no research coordinator to monitor the project. We think that there was no impact among GPs because the project was not implemented by them. The project was poorly implemented at the four satellite FP clinics. Only the service hub implemented the project, where it had a clear impact. We conclude that when implemented as intended, this simple, very low-cost long-acting reversible contraception intervention was highly effective and also extremely cost effective.
EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION: A 20-YEAR REVIEW OF EVOLUTION AND RECONCEPTUALISATION
Authors: ALMAHENDRA RANGGA , AMBOS BJÖRN 
Published: September 2014

The exploration–exploitation tension has been resonated and applied in diverse areas of management research. Its applications have deviated substantially from the scope of organisational learning as originally proposed by March [(1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87]. Scholars have developed set of definitions, new conceptualisations, and varied applications in rejuvenating the concept; and literatures on this topic seem do not significantly ensure a conclusive picture. It is still also unclear what are the antecedents and following scientific breakthroughs which may have led to the divergence of this construct.This study offers an added value as it becomes the first to apply a bibliometric analysis, combined with fine-grained content analysis to attain a more comprehensive understanding on how the construct of exploration–exploitation have grown and evolved during the last 20 years. We attempt to grasp the structural pattern of citing behaviour and collective understanding among scholars, through conducting in-depth bibliographic review in a complete population of articles on this topic, published in leading journals following March [(1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71–87].This study identifies the intellectual base articles which form the basis of the exploration–exploitation and the turning point articles that shift the discussion into different directions.
Tectonometamorphic discontinuities in the Greater Himalayan Sequence: a local or a regional feature?
Authors: Montomoli Chiara , Carosi Rodolfo , Iaccarino Salvatore 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) is one of the major tectonic units of the Himalaya running for more than 2400 km along-strike. It has been considered as a coherent tectonic unit bound by the South Tibetan Detachment (STD) and the Main Central Thrust (MCT). However, thrusts within it have been recognized in several places and have been mainly interpreted as out-of-sequence thrusts being active after the main phase of exhumation of the crystalline unit after the MCT activated. Recent integrated studies allow the recognition of several ductile shear zones in the core of the GHS, with top-to-the-SW-sense of shear (Higher Himalayan Discontinuity (HHD)). U–Th–Pb
in situ
monazite ages provide ages older than the MCT. Data on pressure and temperature evolution testify that these shear zones affected the tectonometamorphic evolution of the belt and different pressure and temperature conditions were recorded in the hanging wall and footwall of the HHD. The correlation of the WNW–ESE-trending HHD with other discontinuities recognized in the GHS led to the proposal that it is a tectonic feature running for several hundred kilometres, documented at the regional scale dividing the GHS in two different portions.
Oncogenic Properties of a Spermatogenic Meiotic Variant of Fer Kinase Expressed in Somatic Cells
Authors: Yaffe Etai , Hikri Elad , Elkis Yoav , Cohen Ortal , Segal Ariela , Makovski Adar , Varvak Alexander , Shpungin Sally , Nir Uri 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The kinase Fer and its spermatogenic meiotic variant, FerT, are coexpressed in normal testes and cancerous tumors, but whether they exert related roles in spermatogenic or malignant cells has not been known. Here, we show that Fer and FerT reside in the mitochondria of spermatogenic cells and are harnessed to the reprogrammed mitochondria of colon carcinoma cells. Both kinases bound complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) in spermatogenic and in colon carcinoma cells, and silencing of either Fer or FerT was sufficient to impair the activity of this complex. Directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT in nonmalignant NIH3T3 cells increased their ETC complex I activity, ATP production, and survival, contingent upon stress conditions caused by nutrient and oxygen deprivation. Strikingly, directed mitochondrial accumulation of FerT endowed nonmalignant cells with tumor-forming ability. Thus, recruitment of a meiotic mitochondrial component to cancer cell mitochondria highlights a pivotal role for reprogrammed mitochondria in tumorigenesis. Cancer Res; 74(22); 6474–85. ©2014 AACR.