bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘We police it ourselves’: Group processes in the escalation and regulation of violence in the night‐time economy
Authors: Levine Mark , Lowe Robert , Best Rachel , Heim Derek 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe attempt to regenerate city centres has led to the creation of a ‘night‐time economy’ (NTE) based around alcohol‐led entertainment. This has been accompanied by an increase of violence. Using insights from social identity research on collective action, we argue that NTE violence can be viewed as a group‐level phenomenon. Twenty focus groups were conducted with participants who socialise together (total number of participants = 53). Participants discussed their experiences of the NTE, including violence. A thematic analysis of the transcripts drew out four ways in which NTE violence is discussed in group terms: intergroup violence, intragroup violence, intragroup intervention (escalation) and intragroup intervention (regulation). The analysis reveals that groups can have both negative and positive roles in NTE violence, including regulating fellow group members away from violence. In demonstrating the importance of intragroup regulation of violence in the NTE, we extend social identity research beyond the focus on intergroup crowd violence and reveal the practical potential of harnessing such processes in anti‐violence interventions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A feeling for the future: How does agency in time metaphors relate to feelings?
Authors: Richmond Jill , Clare Wilson J. , Zinken Jörg 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMost cultures have metaphors for time that involve movement, for example, ‘time passes’. Although time is objectively measured, it is subjectively understood, as we can perceive time as stationary, whereby we move towards future events, or we can perceive ourselves as stationary, with time moving past us and events moving towards us. This paper reports a series of studies that first examines whether people think about time in a metaphor‐consistent manner (Study 1) and then explores the relationship between ‘time perspective’, level of perceived personal agency, and time representations (Study 2), the relationship between emotional experiences and time representation (Study 3), and whether this relationship is bidirectional by manipulating either emotional experiences (Study 4) or time representation (Study 5). Results provide bidirectional evidence for an ego‐moving representation of time, with happiness eliciting more agentic control, and evidence for a time‐moving passivity associated with emotional experiences of anxiety and depression. This bidirectional relationship suggests that our representation of time is malleable, and therefore, current emotional experiences may change through modification of time representations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High resolution copy number analysis of IRF4 translocation‐positive diffuse large B‐cell and follicular lymphomas
Authors: Salaverria Itziar , Martin‐Guerrero Idoia , Burkhardt Birgit , Kreuz Markus , Zenz Thorsten , Oschlies Ilske , Arnold Norbert , Baudis Michael , Bens Susanne , García‐Orad Africa , Lisfeld Jasmin , Schwaenen Carsten , Szczepanowski Monika , Wessendorf Swen , Pfreundschuh Michael , Trümper Lorenz , Klapper Wolfram , Siebert Reiner 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTranslocations affecting chromosome subband 6p25.3 containing the IRF4 gene have been recently described as characteristic alterations in a molecularly distinct subset of germinal center B‐cell‐derived lymphomas. Secondary changes have yet only been described in few of these lymphomas. Here, we performed array‐comparative genomic hybridization and molecular inversion probe microarray analyses on DNA from 12 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded and two fresh‐frozen IRF4 translocation‐positive lymphomas, which together with the previously published data on nine cases allowed the extension of copy number analyses to a total of 23 of these lymphomas. All except one case carried chromosomal imbalances, most frequently gains in Xq28, 11q22.3‐qter, and 7q32.1‐qter and losses in 6q13‐16.1, 15q14‐22.31, and 17p. No recurrent copy‐neutral losses of heterozygosity were observed. TP53 point mutations were detected in three of six cases with loss of 17p. Overall this study unravels a recurrent pattern of secondary genetic alterations in IRF4 translocation‐positive lymphomas. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comprehensive genome characterization of solitary fibrous tumors using high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Bertucci François , Bouvier‐Labit Corinne , Finetti Pascal , Adélaïde José , Metellus Philippe , Mokhtari Karima , Decouvelaere Anne‐Valérie , Miquel Catherine , Jouvet Anne , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Pedeutour Florence , Chaffanet Max , Birnbaum Daniel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare spindle cell tumors with limited therapeutic options. Their molecular basis is poorly known. No consistent cytogenetic abnormality has been reported. We used high‐resolution whole‐genome array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (Agilent 244K oligonucleotide chips) to profile 47 samples, meningeal in >75% of cases. Few copy number aberrations (CNAs) were observed. Sixty‐eight percent of samples did not show any gene CNA after exclusion of probes located in regions with referenced copy number variation (CNV). Only low‐level CNAs were observed. The genomic profiles were very homogeneous among samples. No molecular class was revealed by clustering of DNA copy numbers. All cases displayed a “simplex” profile. No recurrent CNA was identified. Imbalances occurring in >20%, such as the gain of 8p11.23–11.22 region, contained known CNVs. The 13q14.11–13q31.1 region (lost in 4% of cases) was the largest altered region and contained the lowest percentage of genes with referenced CNVs. A total of 425 genes without CNV showed copy number transition in at least one sample, but only but only 1 in at least 10% of samples. The genomic profiles of meningeal and extra‐meningeal cases did not show any differences. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global demethylation in loss of imprinting subtype of wilms tumor
Authors: Ludgate Jackie L. , Le Mée Gwenn , Fukuzawa Ryuji , Rodger Euan J. , Weeks Robert J. , Reeve Anthony E. , Morison Ian M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEpigenetic abnormalities at the IGF2/H19 locus play a key role in the onset of Wilms tumor. These tumors can be classified into three molecular subtypes depending on the events occurring at this locus: loss of imprinting (LOI), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), or retention of imprinting (ROI). As IGF2 LOI is a consequence of aberrant methylation, we hypothesized that this subtype of Wilms tumors might display global abnormalities of methylation. We therefore analyzed the methylation status of satellite DNA, as a surrogate for global methylation in 50 Wilms tumor patients. Satellite methylation was quantified by a methylation‐sensitive quantitative PCR. We confirmed hypomethylation of both satellite α (Sat α) and satellite 2 (Sat 2) DNA in Wilms tumor samples compared with normal kidney. In addition, we found that LOI tumors, unlike ROI or LOH ones, showed concordant hypomethylation of both Sat α and Sat 2 DNA. This would suggest that the LOI subtype of Wilms tumor, which unlike other subtypes results from an epimutation, has a global deregulation of methylation mechanisms. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐resolution genomic analysis suggests the absence of recurrent genomic alterations other than SMARCB1 aberrations in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Hasselblatt Martin , Isken Sarah , Linge Anna , Eikmeier Kristin , Jeibmann Astrid , Oyen Florian , Nagel Inga , Richter Julia , Bartelheim Kerstin , Kordes Uwe , Schneppenheim Reinhard , Frühwald Michael , Siebert Reiner , Paulus Werner 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAtypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) is a rare malignant pediatric brain tumor characterized by genetic alterations affecting the SMARCB1 (hSNF5/INI1) locus in chromosome band 22q11.2. To identify potential additional genetic alterations, high‐resolution genome‐wide analysis was performed using a molecular inversion probe single‐nucleotide polymorphism (MIP SNP) assay (Affymetrix OncoScan formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded express) on DNA isolated from 18 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded archival samples. Alterations affecting the SMARCB1 locus could be demonstrated by MIP SNP in 15 out of 16 evaluable cases (94%). These comprised five tumors with homozygous deletions, six tumors with heterozygous deletions, and four tumors with copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) involving chromosome band 22q11.2. Remarkably, MIB SNP analysis did not yield any further recurrent chromosomal gains, losses, or copy neutral LOH. On MIP SNP screening for somatic mutations, the presence of a SMARCB1 mutation (c.472C>T p.R158X) was confirmed, but no recurrent mutations of other cancer relevant genes could be identified. Results of fluorescence in situ hybridization, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, and SMARCB1 sequencing were highly congruent with that of the MIP SNP assay. In conclusion, these data further suggest the absence of recurrent genomic alterations other than SMARCB1 in AT/RT. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric and Electro‐Optical Properties of Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: Pandey M. B. , Verma Rohit , Dhar R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAntiferroelectric liquid crystals (AFLCs) are a recent class of materials in the family of liquid crystals which have high prospect of application in displays with better results as compared to conventional nematic displays. Beside technological applications, AFLCs are very interesting from the point of view of basic studies in soft condensed matter systems as these materials are showing various new sub‐phases, viz. SmCα*, SmCβ*, SmCγ*and many others with distinct macroscopic properties in a narrow temperature region in addition to the most common wide‐range low‐temperature SmCa*phase. In the present article, we report the structure of various sub‐phases of AFLCs, their dielectric behaviour and the electro‐optical response of some of the materials studied by our group.
A Brief Review of Carbazole‐Based Photorefractive Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: Manickam M. , Iqbal P. , Belloni M. , Kumar S. , Preece Jon A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLiquid crystals are commonplace in technological devices, such as watch and computer displays and temperature and pressure monitors. Such materials are central to our technological lifestyles. Classically, liquid crystalline materials are based on a structural motif which could be classed as rod‐like (e.g. biphenyl derivatives) and in more recent times as disc‐like (e.g. triphenylene derivatives). The rod‐like materials are very attractive in terms of their chemical stability and their response to electric fields, both of which are a prerequisite for display devices, whereas disc‐like materials show promise as one‐dimensional conducting materials. Increasing scientific and technological requirements mean that new materials are continually sought to surpass the liquid crystalline materials which are presently known. Carbazole derivatives are well‐known interesting natural products. Several methods have been developed and reported in the literature for the synthesis of carbazole derivatives. There are several review articles published on the photorefractive properties of carbazole‐based materials. Chemical modification of the carbazole moiety to create a new class of discotic, calamitic and banana‐shaped liquid crystalline materials, which will have novel and enhanced photorefractive properties over the amorphous carbazole derivatives, will be discussed in this mini review.
Cops and Robbers on Graphs Based on Designs
Authors: Bonato Anthony , Burgess Andrea 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe investigate the cop number of graphs based on combinatorial designs. Incidence graphs, point graphs, and block intersection graphs are studied, with an emphasis on finding families of graphs with large cop number. We generalize known results on Meyniel extremal families by supplying bounds on the incidence graphs of transversal designs, certain G‐designs, and BIBDs with Families of graphs with diameter 2, C4‐free, and with unbounded chromatic number are described with the conjectured asymptotically maximum cop number.
Sexual dimorphism in antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Zhang Zhen , Kong Xiangbo , Wang Hongbin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractInsects rely heavily on olfaction to locate habitat, mates, and oviposition sites, while odorant molecules and the antennal olfactory sensory cells of insects are two indispensable components of olfactory response. Our previous work identified the sex pheromones and volatile compounds derived from host plant of Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu, a serious economic pest of pines in northern China. However, little is known about the olfactory system of D. tabulaeformis, especially in females. To make a better understanding of the D. tabulaeformis olfactory response, we investigated the structure, innervation, numbers, and distribution of sensilla on the antennae of male and female moth, based on scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The pinniform antennae of this moth bear five types of sensilla: trichoid (TS), basiconica (BS), styloconic (StS), and chaetica (ChS) sensilla, and belt‐type structures (BTSs). The BTSs are hollow and are not chemical sensilla. The ChSs occur on the scape. StS contain dendrite sheaths and four dendrites containing microtubules in their cores. The BS contents are continuous with that in the subsegments. The TSs were sexually dimorphic and could be divided into 12 subtypes based on dendrite number and form. TS1‐4 contained two, three, or four dendrites and were similar in both sexes. TS 5‐8 and TS 9‐12 occurred only on male and female antenna, respectively. We discussed the possible functions of these sensilla. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Er:YAG‐laser and sodium hypochlorite influence on bond to dentin
Authors: Saraceni Cintia Helena , Liberti Edson , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Cassoni Alessandra , Kodama Ricardo , Oda Margareth 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPurpose:The aim of this in vitro study was to verify the interference of previous application of sodium hypochlorite in the bond strength to dentin irradiated with Er:YAG laser (80 mJ, 2 Hz, 25 J/cm2), using two adhesive systems with different solvents (Adper Single Bond2 – 3M ESPE [SB] and Prime&Bond 2.1 – Dentsply [PB].Study Design:Ninety standardized dentin disks were treatment with phosphoric acid etching (PA), PA and 10% sodium hypochlorite (SH), Er:YAG laser (ER), ER and 10% SH. After surface preparation, samples received SB or PB followed by composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE)(n = 10). Tensile bond strength test was performed (0.5 mm/min) 24 h after bonding procedure and one treated dentin disk of each group was selected to scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) observations. Bond strength test data were evaluated by three‐way ANOVA and Tukey (P < 0.05) tests.Results:Tested systems had similar bonding behavior when applied with conventional method. SH produced no improvement in bond strength. Phosphoric acid etching either associated with SH, or not, provided higher bond strength values than ER. SEM showed typical ablation pattern on dentin after ER irradiation. SH application after PA promoted greater porosity in intertubular dentin exposing secondary tubules. SH used after ER irradiation showed more evident peritubular dentin. TEM results showed that both PA and ER exposed inter‐ and peri‐tubular dentin collagen fibers.Conclusions:Er:YAG irradiation had a negative influence on SB adhesive, and in both methods, association of SH did not completely remove collagen fiber network, but altered its configuration. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organization and seasonal quantification of the intertubular compartment in the bat Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1776) testis
Authors: Morais Danielle Barbosa , De Oliveira Luciana Coutinho , Carmo Cupertino Marli Do , De Freitas Karine Moura , De Freitas Mariella Bontempo Duca , De Paula Tarcízio Antônio Rêgo , Da Matta Sérgio Luis Pinto 
Published: October 2012

AbstractEnvironmental factors can influence the reproductive rates in bats, and since morphometric information of bats testis is scarce, we aimed to compare the organization and quantification of the intertubular components in the testes of the bat Molossus molossus, collected in different seasons. Testicular histological sections were evaluated using light and electron microscopy. The intertubular compartment occupied an average 10% of the testes, being predominately constituted of Leydig cells (LC). The percentages of the testes occupied by the intertubular compartment and by LC were significantly higher in summer, while the other intertubular components did not vary significantly among the seasons. As suspected under light microscopy, the ultrastructural analysis confirmed the existence of multinucleated LC during winter. The increase in the nuclear percentage of LC in winter seems to have caused the decrease of the cytoplasmatic measurements in that season, as well as in the volume of LC. The highest cytoplasmatic values and volume of LC registered in the spring, summer, and fall can be related to greater activity of this cell in these seasons. The higher investment in intertubular tissue and in LC observed in summer, compared to winter; suggest an increase in the steroidogenic capacity of this bat during summer. The analyses correlating testicular morphometry and abiotic environmental factors in this study confirm the influence of climatic factors on the reproduction of M. molossus. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatial learning‐related changes in metabolic activity of limbic structures at different posttask delays
Authors: Méndez‐López M. , Méndez M. , Sampedro‐Piquero P. , Arias J.L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the functional contribution of brain limbic system regions at different moments after the acquisition of a short‐term spatial memory task performed in the Morris water maze. Adult male Wistar rats were submitted to a matching‐to‐sample procedure with a hidden platform. The trials were made up of two daily identical visits to the platform, sample (swim‐1) and retention (swim‐2). To study oxidative metabolic activity, we applied cytochrome oxidase (COx) histochemistry. Densitometric measurements were taken at 1.5, 6, 24, and 48 hr posttask. An untrained group was added to explore the COx changes not specific to the learning process. The brain regions studied showed a different pattern of metabolic activity at different time points after the spatial memory task. Specifically, a significant increase of COx was found in the septal dentate gyrus, anteromedial thalamus, medial mammillary nucleus, and entorhinal cortex at early moments after learning. The entorhinal cortex maintained an increase of COx at later stages of the posttask period. In addition, an increase of COx activity was found in the supramammillary nucleus and the retrosplenial, perirhinal, and parietal cortices a long time after learning. These findings suggest that diencephalic and cortical regions are involved in this spatial learning and contribute at different moments to process this information. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Downregulation of L1 perturbs neuronal migration and alters the expression of transcription factors in murine neocortex
Authors: Kishimoto Tomokazu , Itoh Kyoko , Umekage Masafumi , Tonosaki Madoka , Yaoi Takeshi , Fukui Kenji , Lemmon Vance P. , Fushiki Shinji 
Published: October 2012

AbstractL1 is a cell adhesion molecule associated with a spectrum of human neurological diseases, the most well‐known being X‐linked hydrocephalus. L1 knockout (L1‐KO) mice have revealed a variety of functions of L1 that were crucial in brain development in different brain regions. However; the function of L1 in neuronal migration during cortical histogenesis remains to be clarified. We therefore investigated the corticogenesis of mouse embryos in which L1 molecules were knocked down in selected neurons, by employing in utero electroporation with shRNAs targeting L1 (L1 shRNA). Although more than 50% of the cells transfected with no small hairpin RNA (shRNA; monster green fluorescent protein: MGFP only) vector at embryonic day 13 (E13) reached the cortical plate at E16, significantly fewer (27%) cells transfected with L1 shRNA migrated to the same extent. At E17, 22% of cells transfected with the MGFP‐only vector were found in the intermediate zone, and significantly more (34%) cells transfected with L1 shRNA remained in the same zone. Furthermore, the directions of the leading process of neurons transfected with L1 shRNA became more dispersed compared with cells with the MGFP‐only vector. In addition, two transcription factors expressed in the neurons, Satb2 and Tbr1, were shown to be reduced or aberrantly expressed in neurons transfected with L1 shRNA. These observations suggest that L1 plays an important role in regulating the locomotion and orientation of migrating neurons and the expression of transcription factors during neocortical development that might partially be responsible for the abnormal tract formation seen in L1‐KO mice. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacological Secondary Prevention of PTSD in Youth: Challenges and Opportunities for Advancement
Authors: Maccani Matthew A. , Delahanty Douglas L. , Nugent Nicole R. , Berkowitz Steven J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChild and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an increased risk for a number of deleterious mental and physical health outcomes that if untreated may persist throughout the life course. Efficacious interventions applied soon after trauma exposure have the potential to reduce or prevent the development of PTSD symptoms and their associated impact on behavior and physical health. We review extant research related to treatment‐modifiable peritraumatic predictors of pediatric PTSD, which have informed an emerging field of pharmacologic secondary prevention (i.e., occurring shortly following trauma exposure) of PTSD. Challenges and opportunities for early posttrauma PTSD prevention are described. Finally, we offer new models for biologically informed integration of pharmacologic and psychosocial secondary prevention intervention strategies for children and adolescents.