bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Tissue Mineral Density in Plate- and Rod-like Trabeculae of Human Trabecular Bone
Authors: Wang Ji , Kazakia Galateia J , Zhou Bin , Shi X Tony , Guo X Edward 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT

Trabecular bone quality includes both microstructural and intrinsic tissue mineralization properties. However, the tissue mineralization in individual trabeculae of different trabecular types and orientations has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to develop an individual trabecula mineralization (ITM) analysis technique to determine tissue mineral density (TMD) distributions in plate- and rod-like trabeculae, respectively, and to compare the TMD of trabeculae along various orientations in micro–computed tomography (μCT) images of trabecular bone samples from the femoral neck, greater trochanter, and proximal tibia. ITM analyses indicated that trabecular plates, on average, had significantly higher TMD than trabecular rods. In addition, the distribution of TMD in trabecular plates depended on trabecular orientation with the lowest TMD in longitudinal plates and the highest TMD in transverse plates. Conversely, there was a relatively uniform distribution of TMD among trabecular rods, with respect to trabecular orientation. Further analyses of TMD distribution revealed that trabecular plates had higher mean and peak TMD, whereas trabecular rods had a wider TMD distribution and a larger portion of low mineralized trabeculae. Comparison of apparent Young's moduli derived from micro–finite element models with and without heterogeneous TMD demonstrated that heterogeneous TMD in trabecular plates had a significant influence on the elastic mechanical property of trabecular bone. In conclusion, this study revealed differences in TMD between plate- and rod-like trabeculae and among various trabecular orientations. The observation of less mineralized longitudinal trabecular plates suggests interesting implications of these load-bearing plates in bone remodeling. The newly developed ITM analysis can be a valuable technique to assess the influence of metabolic bone diseases and their pharmaceutical treatments on not only microstructure of trabecular bone but also the microarchitectural heterogeneity of tissue mineralization. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of the effect of different root canal obturation techniques using two root canal sealers on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots
Authors: Ersoy Ibrahim , Evcil Mehmet Sinan 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of teeth filled with AH Plus and MTA Fillapex root canal sealers by using different root canal obturation techniques. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty pieces of single‐rooted‐and‐canalled mandibular premolar teeth were selected. After the crowns were removed from the cemento‐enamel junction, they were divided into 10 groups (n = 12). All the root canals except for the Group 1 were shaped until F4 file with ProTaper Nickel‐ Titanyum (Ni‐Ti) rotary system. Group 1: was not instrumented. Group 2: the root canals were shaped but not filled. Group 3: roots were filled with cold lateral condensation technique (CLC) by using AH Plus. Group 4: roots were filled with CLC by using MTA Fillapex. Group 5: roots were filled with single cone technique by using AH Plus. Group 6: roots were filled with single cone technique by using MTA Fillapex. Group 7: roots were filled with AH Plus by using vertical compaction method with continuous heat. Group 8: roots were filled with MTA Fillapex by using vertical compaction method with continuous heat. Group 9: roots were filled with AH Plus by using thermoplastic core carrier method. Group 10: roots were filled with MTA Fillapex by using thermoplastic core carrier method. Before embedding the samples in acrylic resin after standing in an oven at 37°C for 2 weeks for the hardening of the root canal sealers the 5 mm apical portion of the roots were immersed in wax in order to imitate the surrounding tissues. Polyvinyl siloxane impression material was used for the samples which were embedded in acrylic resin in a way that the coronal 8 mm remained outside in order to imitate the periodontal ligament. Lateral force was applied to the samples with 1 mm/min speed in the Universal Tester. The maximum force values (F‐max) which cause fractures in the examples were determined and the results were subjected to statistical evaluation by using one‐way Anova and Tukey HSD tests with the significance set at (P < 0.05). Results: The control group showed the maximum fracture resistance (P < 0.05). Thermafil group showed higher fracture resistance than single cone technique, cold lateral condensation technique, and system B (P < 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that shaping and widening of the root canals reduced the fracture resistance of teeth while Thermafil increased the resistance of roots against fracture. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:404–407, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The long‐term effects of FSH and triiodothyronine administration during the pubertal period on Connexin 43 expression and spermatogenesis efficiency in adult rats
Authors: Marchlewska Katarzyna , Slowikowska‐Hilczer Jolanta , Walczak‐Jedrzejowska Renata , Oszukowska Elzbieta , Filipiak Eliza , Kula Krzysztof 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFollicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and triiodothyronine (T3) are known regulatory factors of spermatogenesis initiation. Hyperstimulation of both hormones evokes regressional changes in connexin 43 expression and the seminiferous epithelium in young rats during testicular maturation. However, separate treatments with T3 reduce Sertoli cell number, which seems to be closely connected with the maturation of connexin 43 gap junctions. FSH elevates Sertoli cell number and function, but this effect may take place regardless of the presence of connexin 43‐dependent intercellular communication. The aim of the study was to evaluate the later effects of such treatments. Newborn, male Wistar rats were divided randomly into experimental groups receiving daily subcutaneous injections of either 7.5 IU/animal FSH, or 100 mg/kg b.w. T3, or both substances or the same volume of vehicle (control group) until day 15 of life. The animals were sacrificed on day 50. Morphometric analysis and immunohistochemical reactions were performed using antibodies against Vimentin, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen and Connexin 43 in the testis. Sertoli cell count, efficiency of spermatogenesis, and hormonal pattern were examined. Disturbances in the connexin 43 expression reduced the number of Sertoli cells, the efficiency of spermatogenesis and impaired endocrine function of testes in adult rats treated with FSH and T3 during puberty. Stimulation with FSH alone increased Sertoli cell number, but was associated with a negative effect on cell‐to‐cell connexin 43‐dependent communication, with a consequential reduction of spermatogenesis efficiency. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 256–265, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Truncated low‐rank methods for solving general linear matrix equations
Authors: Kressner Daniel , Sirković Petar 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis work is concerned with the numerical solution of large‐scale linear matrix equations . The most straightforward approach computes from the solution of an mn × mn linear system, typically limiting the feasible values of m,n to a few hundreds at most. Our new approach exploits the fact that X can often be well approximated by a low‐rank matrix. It combines greedy low‐rank techniques with Galerkin projection and preconditioned gradients. In turn, only linear systems of size m × m and n × n need to be solved. Moreover, these linear systems inherit the sparsity of the coefficient matrices, which allows to address linear matrix equations as large as m = n = O(105). Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well for generalized Lyapunov equations. Even for the case of standard Lyapunov equations, our methods can be advantageous, as we do not need to assume that C has low rank. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Im Sog der fallenden Kugelkette
Authors: Schlichting Hans Joachim , Suhr Wilfried 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLässt man eine Kugelkette auf einen Tisch fallen, so bewegt sie sich schneller als im freien Fall. Ursache hierfür ist eine Art Sog auf den noch im Fall befindlichen Teil der Kette. Er entsteht, weil sich die Kettenglieder brettartig versteifen und eine Zugkraft ausüben. Insofern ist der Sog der fallenden Kugelkette das Gegenstück zum Schubs der aufsteigenden Kettenfontäne.
Forschen statt essen
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDie große Weltpolitik sollte ihn das Leben kosten. Gerade 27 Jahre ist er alt, als die Briten und Franzosen beschließen, zusammen mit anderen Verbänden die Türken auf der Halbinsel Gallipoli anzugreifen. Die Schlacht um die strategisch wichtigen Felsen wird zu einer der blutigsten des Krieges. Einer der Toten ist der gesuchte Physiker. Und das Klagelied, dass die Wissenschaftswelt daraufhin anstimmt, beweist, dass da kein gewöhnlicher Physikstudent sein Ende gefunden hat.
Ein molekularer Blick in klare Suppen
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWie viel Thermodynamik eine einfache Gemüsebrühe offenbaren kann, zeigt sich beim Riechen. Der Brühenduft wird nachweisbar intensiver, wenn die Suppe stärker gesalzen ist. Was zunächst nach Chemie klingt, entpuppt sich als harte Molekülphysik und dem ausgeklügelten Wechselspiel zwischen hydrophoben Aromastoffen, dipolaren Wassermolekülen und Salzionen.
Das Spiel der Elektronen
Authors: Vrakking Marc 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWellenfunktionen erklären die mikroskopischen Eigenschaften von Materie und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit der Umgebung. In Atomen lassen sich mithilfe von elektronischen Wellenfunktionen unter anderem Ladungsverteilungen beschreiben, deren Größenordnung weit von unserem alltäglichen Erfahrungshorizont entfernt ist. Jetzt hat unsere Gruppe vom Max‐Born‐Institut in Berlin (MBI) ein Mikroskop entwickelt, das die Wellenfunktion angeregter Heliumatome um einen Faktor von mehr als zwanzigtausend vergrößert. Damit lassen sich neue Kenntnisse über Elektronenkorrelationen gewinnen.
Bewegungen mit der App Video Analysis analysieren
Authors: Klein Pascal , Gröber Sebastian , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDank der integrierten Digitalkamera eignen sich Smartphones und Tablets zur Aufnahme von Bewegungen – im Labor und im Alltag. Mit Hilfe der Android‐App Video Analysis können diese Bewegungen nach physikalischen Aspekten analysiert werden.
Monitoring of the shrinkage during the photopolymerization of acrylates using hyphenated photorheometry/near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Scherzer Tom 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThis article describes a new method for the quantitative determination and time‐resolved monitoring of the polymerization shrinkage during ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization. It is based on rheometry using a modified oscillating rheometer. Shrinkage is determined from the decrease of the gap between the rheometer plates. Moreover, near‐infrared (NIR) spectra can be recorded directly in the rheometer, which allows continuous determination of the conversion at any time of a shrinkage measurement. As both shrinkage and conversion data come from the same experiment, shrinkage can be analyzed in dependence on the current conversion achieved during UV irradiation, which enables direct investigation of correlations between both parameters. Hyphenated photorheometry/FT‐NIR spectroscopy was used for the determination of the polymerization shrinkage of pure acrylate monomers and oligomers as well as acrylate‐based formulations. Quantitative shrinkage values were found to be in excellent correlation with data that were determined by an independent method (via buoyancy measurements) and data from literature. Furthermore, the effect of ambient and irradiation conditions or the content of nanoparticles on the degree of shrinkage was studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 729–739
Biophysical characterization of naturally occurring titin M10 mutations
Authors: Rudloff Michael W. , Woosley Alec N. , Wright Nathan T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe giant proteins titin and obscurin are important for sarcomeric organization, stretch response, and sarcomerogenesis in myofibrils. The extreme C‐terminus of titin (the M10 domain) binds to the N‐terminus of obscurin (the Ig1 domain) in the M‐band. The high‐resolution structure of human M10 has been solved, along with M10 bound to one of its two known molecular targets, the Ig1 domain of obscurin‐like. Multiple M10 mutations are linked to limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2J (LGMD2J) and tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD). The effect of the M10 mutations on protein structure and function has not been thoroughly characterized. We have engineered all four of the naturally occurring human M10 missense mutants and biophysically characterized them in vitro. Two of the four mutated constructs are severely misfolded, and cannot bind to the obscurin Ig1 domain. One mutation, H66P, is folded at room temperature but unfolds at 37°C, rendering it binding incompetent. The I57N mutation shows no significant structural, dynamic, or binding differences from the wild‐type domain. We suggest that this mutation is not directly responsible for muscle wasting disease, but is instead merely a silent mutation found in symptomatic patients. Understanding the biophysical basis of muscle wasting disease can help streamline potential future treatments.
Structure of amylase‐binding protein A of Streptococcus gordonii: A potential receptor for human salivary α‐amylase enzyme
Authors: Sethi Ashish , Mohanty Biswaranjan , Ramasubbu Narayanan , Gooley Paul R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAmylase‐binding protein A (AbpA) of a number of oral streptococci is essential for the colonization of the dental pellicle. We have determined the solution structure of residues 24–195 of AbpA of Streptococcus gordonii and show a well‐defined core of five helices in the region of 45–115 and 135–145. 13Cα/β chemical shift and heteronuclear 15N‐{1H} NOE data are consistent with this fold and that the remainder of the protein is unstructured. The structure will inform future molecular experiments in defining the mechanism of human salivary α‐amylase binding and biofilm formation by streptococci.
Effectiveness of Rikkosan for intractable intraoral pain
Authors: Niimi Tomoko , Yamazaki Yoko , Shimada Masahiko 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTCaseCase 1 involved a 64‐year‐old man with dull pain in the posterior part of the left lower jaw when chewing. His lower left second and third molars were extracted for pain relief, but pain recurred in the same region. On examination there were no abnormalities. The symptoms were diagnosed as atypical odontalgia and Rikkosan was prescribed. Case 2 involved a 56‐year‐old woman with a feeling of clamping of her lower incisors and pain in the tip and the left margin of the tongue. The symptoms were diagnosed as burning mouth syndrome and 2 week Rikkosan treatment was prescribed.OutcomeIn case 1, the symptoms disappeared 1 month later. In case 2, visual analog scale pain score improved.ConclusionRikkosan may be useful for intractable intraoral pain, such as atypical odontalgia and burning mouth syndrome, that does not respond to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs.
On perturbation method in mechanical, thermal and thermo‐mechanical loadings of plates: cylindrical bending of FG plates
Authors: Fallah F. , Nosier A. , Sharifi M. , Ghezelbash F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe performance of perturbation method in nonlinear analyses of plates subjected to mechanical, thermal, and thermo‐mechanical loadings is investigated. To this end, cylindrical bending of FG plates with clamped and simply‐supported edges is considered. The governing equations of Mindlin's first‐order shear deformation theory with von Kármán's geometric nonlinearity are solved using one‐ and two‐parameter perturbation methods and the results are compared with the results of an analytical solution. The material properties are assumed to vary continuously through the thickness of the plate according to a power‐law distribution of the volume fraction of the constituents. It is shown that the accuracy of any‐order expansion in perturbation method depends not only on the perturbation parameter, but also on the location chosen for the perturbation parameter and, in general, the solution becomes more accurate when the perturbation parameter is specified at the location where its corresponding response quantity is a maximum. Under thermal loading the possibility of using different parameters as the perturbation parameter for various boundary conditions is investigated. It is observed that, instead of a one‐parameter perturbation method, a two‐parameter perturbation method must be used in the thermal analysis of FG plates. Also, buckling and post‐buckling behavior of FG plates in cylindrical bending is investigated. It is shown that under thermal loading, a bifurcation‐type buckling occurs in clamped FG plates. In addition, a snap‐through buckling may occur in simply‐supported FG plates under thermo‐mechanical loading.
Adsorption, Electrokinetic and Stabilizing Properties of the Guar Gum/Surfactant/Alumina System
Authors: Grządka Elżbieta , Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Gun'ko Vladimir M. , Zarko Vladimir I. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe adsorption of non‐ionic polysaccharide guar gum (GG) in the presence of surfactants (anionic SDS, non‐ionic TX‐100, cationic CTAB and their equimolar mixtures) from their NaCl solutions onto an alumina surface (Al2O3) was studied spectrophotometrically. This study is important in light of the many disagreements concerning the structure and behaviour of mixtures containing polymers and surfactants at the surface of an adsorbent. The presence of surfactant caused an increase in the GG adsorption in all studied systems as a consequence of the formation of complexes. Among the single surfactants the highest increase in the GG adsorption was observed in the presence of CTAB. However, the usage of mixtures of the surfactants caused a much more effective increase in the GG adsorption on the alumina surface because of the synergistic effect of the surfactants. In order to get some information on the structure of the electrical double layer (edl), the surface charge density of alumina was determined and zeta potential measurements were conducted. The obtained data showed that the adsorption of GG or GG/surfactant complexes on the metal oxide surface strongly influences a diffused part of the edl, whereas a compact part of the edl is not affected. The colloidal stability of the alumina suspensions was measured in the presence and absence of GG and surfactants. It was found that GG and the mixtures of GG and surfactants can improve the stability of the suspensions.
Investigation of Oil and Protein Contents of Eight Sudanese Lagenaria siceraria Varieties
Authors: Mariod Abdalbasit Adam , Mustafa Makarim Mutasim M. , Nour Abdelazim Ahmed M. , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen , Cheng Sit Foon 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe composition of the oil and protein contents of eight Lagenaria siceraria varieties was characterized in order to evaluate their suitability as a source of edible oil and protein. The physicochemical properties and fatty acids of seed oils were determined. The oil yield ranged from 24.11 to 26.32 %. The refractive indices and relative densities of the oils fell within the narrow ranges of 1.464–1.468 and 0.857–0.907 g/cm3, respectively. The saponification value ranged from 158.48 to 179.52 mg KOH/g, unsaponifiable matter was between 0.749 and 0.937 %, and the peroxide values were lower than Codex values for vegetable oils. The principal fatty acids were linoleic (62.1–67.9 %), oleic (11.54–15.46 %), palmitic (12.13–14.03 %), and stearic (6.71–7.71 %) acids. Low linolenic acid levels were also observed (<1 %) within the range of 0.32–0.44 %. The major essential amino acids were arginine (2.04–3.77 g/100 g), leucine (1.245–1.726 g/100 g), phenylalanine (0.803–1.396 g/100 g), and lysine (0.921–1.383 g/100 g). The non‐essential amino acids were glutamic acid (2.5–4.37 g/100 g), aspartic acid (1.39–2.36 g/100 g), serine (0.69–1.19 g/100 g), glycine (0.79–1.37 g/100 g), alanine (0.72–1.37 g/100 g), and proline (0.63–1.02 g/100 g). Nine minerals (Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and P) were determined with significant (p < 0.05) differences. The studied oils showed promising results and can be used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This is the first study on the eight L. siceraria seed varieties grown in Sudan, opening the way for further studies on these seeds.
Effect of Lard Quality on Chemical Interesterification Catalyzed by KOH/Glycerol
Authors: Zhang Linshang , Yang Guolong , Chen Jingnan , Bi Yanlan , Chen Shuai , Tan Dandan , Fu Jing , Peng Dan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe effects of water content, acid value, and peroxide value on interesterification catalyzed by potassium glycerolate (in situ KOH/glycerol) were investigated using lard as a model fat. SEM analysis of KOH/glycerol powder showed that numerous 0.5‐ to 5‐μm porous structures were formed and may play an important role in the interesterification reaction. Water content (up to 10 %, oil weight) and peroxide value (4.29 and 7.11 mmol/kg) significantly extended the induction period of interesterification but complete randomization was still achievable. However, when the acid value reached 5.13 mg KOH/g, complete deactivation of the catalyst was observed at 1 % catalyst content (by oil weight). The sn‐2 fatty acid composition of fully randomized lard was similar to that of non‐randomized lard. Interesterification resulted in substantial rearrangement of the triacylglycerol species and alteration of thermal behaviors. The interesterified lard exhibited a predominant β′ polymorph, as opposed to the dominating β‐form crystals found in the original lard.
Identification of Disaster-Vulnerable Communities by Use of Census Data Prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Ishiguro Aya , Togita Yuriko , Inoue Mariko , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Yano Eiji 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe role of the community is becoming increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of human health, particularly during a disaster and during disaster recovery. To identify disaster-vulnerable communities, we sought factors related to communities in need of support by using census information from before the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWe identified vulnerable communities by using a needs-assessment survey conducted 6 to 12 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake in Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture, as indicated by higher proportions of households with at least 1 of 3 major support needs (medical, elderly, psychological, and dwelling environment). The associations between the need for support and 9 demographic characteristics of the community from census data prior to the Great East Japan Earthquake were examined for 71 communities by use of logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe need for elderly support was positively associated with the proportions of aged people (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.8) and one-person households (OR=1.3; 95% CI: 1.0–1.7), whereas the need for psychological support was associated with the proportion of people engaged in agriculture (OR=4.6; 95% CI: 1.0–20.7). The proportion of fisheries was negatively associated with the need for dwelling environment support (OR=0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9).ConclusionsThe consideration of simple demographic characteristics from the census may be useful for identifying vulnerable communities and preparing for future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:19-28)