bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical efficacy and safety of EUS‐FNA for diagnosis of mediastinal and abdominal solid tumors – A single center experience
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Shun , Liao Szu‐Chia , Ko Chun‐Wang , Tung Chun‐Fang , Peng Yen‐Chun , Lien Han‐Chung , Yeh Hong‐Zen , Chang Chi‐Sen , Wang John 
Published: February 2015

SummaryBackgroundMany tumors are small and located around the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and they are difficult to obtain tissue from for pathological diagnosis by the guidance of conventional methods (sonography or computed tomography. The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and benefit of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in the clinical diagnosis of solid tumors in the mediastinum and abdomen.Patients and methodsData from 233 patients with solid tumors on or around the GI tract were reviewed. They had received successful EUS‐FNA without on‐site cytopathology study.ResultsThe lesions were classified according to the anatomic location as pancreatic tumors (Group A, n = 91), mediastinal tumors (including lymph nodes) (Group B, n = 38), abdominal tumors (including lymph nodes) (Group C, n = 49), focal transmural thickening of the GI tract (Group D, n = 6), and submucosal tumors of the GI tract (Group E, n = 49). The accuracies of pathological diagnosis of malignancy were 79.2%, 76.9%, 93.2%, and 80% for Groups A–D, respectively. The overall accuracy for malignancy was 82.9%. For the submucosal tumors of the GI tract in Group E, FNA cytopathology provided evidence of specific diagnosis all were GI stromal tumor in 47% of the cases, 14% were diagnosed as suspicious (most were of a spindle cell tumor nature), and 39% were considered negative of tumor or non‐diagnostic. There were three episodes (1.3%) of complication (GI bleeding, n = 1; septic fever, n = 1; gallbladder puncture, n = 1) which occurred among all patients in this study, and all of them were treated appropriately, with no occurrence of life‐threatening events.ConclusionEUS‐FNA appears to be a very useful tool for obtaining tissue diagnosis for lesions that are inaccessible by the conventional methods and was shown to be a safe and effective technique in the hands of experienced operators. Pathological diagnosis can be obtained for the guidance of clinical management to avoid the more invasive ways, such as surgery or mediastinal scope.
Exosome and Exosomal MicroRNA: Trafficking, Sorting, and Function
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Sha , Li Lu , Li Meng , Guo Chongye , Yao Jun , Mi Shuangli 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Exosomes are 40–100 nm nano-sized vesicles that are released from many cell types into the extracellular space. Such vesicles are widely distributed in various body fluids. Recently, mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in exosomes, which can be taken up by neighboring or distant cells and subsequently modulate recipient cells. This suggests an active sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, since the miRNA profiles of exosomes may differ from those of the parent cells. Exosomal miRNAs play an important role in disease progression, and can stimulate angiogenesis and facilitate metastasis in cancers. In this review, we will introduce the origin and the trafficking of exosomes between cells, display current research on the sorting mechanism of exosomal miRNAs, and briefly describe how exosomes and their miRNAs function in recipient cells. Finally, we will discuss the potential applications of these miRNA-containing vesicles in clinical settings.
Perceptions about labor companionship at public teaching hospitals in three Arab countries
Authors: Kabakian‐Khasholian Tamar , El‐Nemer Amina , Bashour Hyam 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the perspectives of women, female relatives, and healthcare providers on labor companionship.MethodsIn a qualitative study, data were collected from women giving birth, female family members, and healthcare staff via semi‐structured interviews in three large public teaching hospitals in Beirut (Lebanon), Damascus (Syria), and Mansoura (Egypt) between May and December 2012. Focus groups were conducted with midwives, nurses, and medical residents. Data were assessed by thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 69 women, 57 female relatives, and 28 obstetricians were interviewed, and two focus groups discussions occurred. Women reported that being alone during labor raises feelings of fear and anxiety. They reported appreciating professional support, but found comfort in the psychological support offered by family members during labor. Midwives and nurses pointed to structural factors related to the organization of care and to the marginalization of their role as barriers to implementing best practices. Obstetricians referred to the absence of prenatal education classes, and social norms as factors impeding the organization of labor support initiatives.ConclusionImplementing labor companionship can improve women's childbirth experiences and outcomes. Organizational structural barriers and non‐supportive providers’ attitudes need to be addressed to influence hospital practices.
Who said what: The effects of cultural mindsets on perceptions of endorser–message relatedness
Authors: Kwon Mina , Saluja Geetanjali , Adaval Rashmi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe cultural lens through which an ad is viewed can affect the extent to which an endorser of the product in an ad and the message s(he) communicates are thought about in relation to one another. Consumers with a collectivist mindset tend to think about information relationally. Consequently, they consider the endorsement in relation to the endorser and this affects their memory for both. It also affects recipients' concern with the fit between the endorser's message and the endorser and consequently influences their judgments of both the ad and the product being advertised. When people have an individualist mindset, on the other hand, they appear to treat the endorser and the endorsement as independent pieces of information and are less sensitive to their fit. Four studies support these conclusions and provide insights into how endorser–message relatedness impacts persuasion under different cultural mindset conditions.
Electrophysiological and anatomical background of the fusion configuration of diastolic and presystolic Purkinje potentials in patients with verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroshi , Kobayashi Yoshinori , Maruyama Mitsunori , Morita Norishige , Hayashi Meiso , Miyauchi Yasushi , Shimizu Wataru 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether false tendons (FTs) are a substantial part of the reentry circuit of verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT). This study aimed to prove the association between FTs and the slow conduction zone by evaluating the electro‐anatomical relationship between the so‐called diastolic Purkinje (Pd) potentials and FTs using an electro‐anatomical mapping (EAM) system (CARTO).MethodsThe 1st protocol evaluated the spatial distribution of Pd and presystolic Purkinje (Pp) potentials in 6 IVLT patients using a conventional CARTO system. In the remaining 2 patients (2nd protocol), the electro‐anatomical relationship between the Pd–Pp fusion potential and the septal connection of the FT was evaluated using an EAM system incorporating an intra‐cardiac echo (CARTO‐Sound).ResultsPd potentials were observed in the posterior–posteroseptal region of the LV and had a slow conduction property, whereas Pp potentials were widely distributed in the interventricular (IV) septum. At the intersection of the 2 regions, which was located in the mid‐posteroseptal area, both Pd and Pp potentials were closely spaced and often had a fused configuration. In the latter 2 patients (2nd protocol), it was confirmed that the intra‐cardiac points at which the Pd–Pp fusion potential was recorded were located in the vicinity of the attachment site of the FT to the IV septum. In all patients, ILVTs were successfully eliminated by the application of radiofrequency at those points.ConclusionFTs may at least partly contribute to the formation of the Pd potential, and thus form a critical part of the reentry circuit of ILVT.
Myofascial Trigger Points Then and Now: A Historical and Scientific Perspective
Authors: Shah Jay P. , Thaker Nikki , Heimur Juliana , Aredo Jacqueline V. , Sikdar Siddhartha , Gerber Lynn 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe intent of this article is to discuss the evolving role of the myofascial trigger point (MTrP) in myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) from both a historical and scientific perspective. MTrPs are hard, discrete, palpable nodules in a taut band of skeletal muscle that may be spontaneously painful (i.e., active) or painful only on compression (i.e., latent). MPS is a term used to describe a pain condition that can be acute or, more commonly, chronic and involves the muscle and its surrounding connective tissue (e.g. fascia). According to Travell and Simons, MTrPs are central to the syndrome—but are they necessary? Although the clinical study of muscle pain and MTrPs has proliferated over the past two centuries, the scientific literature often seems disjointed and confusing. Unfortunately, much of the terminology, theories, concepts, and diagnostic criteria are inconsistent, incomplete, or controversial. To address these deficiencies, investigators have recently applied clinical, imaging (of skeletal muscle and brain), and biochemical analyses to systematically and objectively study the MTrP and its role in MPS. Data suggest that the soft tissue milieu around the MTrP, neurogenic inflammation, sensitization, and limbic system dysfunction may all play a role in the initiation, amplification, and perpetuation of MPS. The authors chronicle the advances that have led to the current understanding of MTrP pathophysiology and its relationship to MPS, and review the contributions of clinicians and researchers who have influenced and expanded our contemporary level of clinical knowledge and practice.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in an Adult: An Uncommon Case of Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity
Authors: Holder Eric K. , McCall Joseph C. , Feeko Kristofer J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an uncommon acute, rapidly progressive autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that is most often due to infection or immunization. Generally, it is monophasic, but there is potential for recurrence and risk for development of multiple sclerosis. Although there has been literature documenting autonomic dysreflexia and hypertensive emergency in 2 pediatric cases of ADEM, to our knowledge there has not been a case detailing paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in an adult patient with ADEM. This case report describes a fulminant case of ADEM and serves to expand the list of diagnoses associated with paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.
Predictors of Low-Acuity Emergency Department Use by Patients Enrolled in a Family Health Team
Authors: Jones Paul , Jones Jennifer , O'Brien Kristen , Lee-Poy Michael 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe primary aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and develop a predictive model describing low acuity users of the emergency department (ED) by patients followed by a family health team (FHT). The secondary aim was to contrast this information with characteristics of high acuity users. We also sought to determine what factors were predictive of leaving without being seen (LWBS).MethodsThis retrospective descriptive correlational study explored characteristics and factors predictive of low acuity ED utilization. The sample included all FHT patients with ED visits in 2011. The last ED record was chosen for review. Sex, age, Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), presenting complaint(s), time of day, day of week, number of visits, and diagnosis were recorded.ResultsOf 1580 patients who visited the ED in 2011, 56% were CTAS 1–3 visits, 24% CTAS 4–5 and 20% had no CTAS recorded. Patients who were older than age 65 were approximately half as likely to have a CTAS level of 4–5 compared to younger patients (OR=0.605, CI=0.441,0.829). Patients older than age 65 were 1.75 times more likely to be CTAS level 1–2 (OR=1.745, CI=1.277, 2.383). Patients who went to the ED during the day were less likely to LWBS compared to night visits (OR=0.697, CI=0.532, 0.912).InterpretationMost low acuity ED utilization is by patients under the age of 65, while high acuity ED utilization is more common among patients older than age 65. Patients are more likely to LWBS during late evening and overnight periods (9 pm–7 am).
Outcome Feedback within Emergency Medicine Training Programs: An Opportunity to Apply the Theory of Deliberate Practice?
Authors: Dalseg Timothy R. , Calder Lisa A. , Lee Curtis , Walker Jaymie , Frank Jason R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectivesOutcome feedback is the process of learning patient outcomes after their care within the emergency department. We conducted a national survey of Canadian Royal College emergency medicine (EM) residents and program directors to determine the extent to which active outcome feedback and follow-up occurred. We also compared the perceived educational value of outcome feedback between residents and program directors.MethodsWe distributed surveys to all Royal College-accredited adult and pediatric EM training programs using a modified Dillman method. We analyzed the data using student’s t-test for continuous variables and Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.ResultsWe received 210 completed surveys from 260 eligible residents (80.8%) and 21 of 24 program directors (87.5%) (overall 81.3%). Mandatory active outcome feedback was not present in any EM training program for admitted or discharged patients (0/21). Follow-up was performed electively by 89.4% of residents for patients admitted to the hospital, and by 44.2% of residents for patients discharged home. A majority of residents (76.9%) believed that patient follow-up should be mandatory compared to 42.9% of program directors (p=0.002). The perceived educational value of outcome feedback was 5.8/7 for residents and 5.1/7 for program directors (difference 0.7; p=0.002) based on a seven-point Likert scale (1=not important; 7=very important).ConclusionWhile Canadian EM training programs do not mandate follow-up, it is performed electively by the majority of residents surveyed. Residents place a significantly greater educational value on outcome feedback than their program directors, and believe that follow-up should be a mandatory component of EM residencies.
Interactions of a streamwise-oriented vortex with a finite wing
Authors: Garmann D. J. , Visbal M. R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA canonical study is developed to investigate the unsteady interactions of a streamwise-oriented vortex impinging upon a finite surface using high-fidelity simulation. As a model problem, an analytically defined vortex superimposed on a free stream is convected towards an aspect-ratio-six ($\mathit{AR}=6$) plate oriented at an angle of ${\it\alpha}=4^{\circ }$ and Reynolds number of $\mathit{Re}=20\,000$ in order to characterize the unsteady modes of interaction resulting from different spanwise positions of the incoming vortex. Outboard, tip-aligned and inboard positioning are shown to produce three distinct flow regimes: when the vortex is positioned outboard of, but in close proximity to, the wingtip, it pairs with the tip vortex to form a dipole that propels itself away from the plate through mutual induction, and also leads to an enhancement of the tip vortex. When the incoming vortex is aligned with the wingtip, the tip vortex is initially strengthened by the proximity of the incident vortex, but both structures attenuate into the wake as instabilities arise in the pair’s feeding sheets from the entrainment of opposite-signed vorticity into either structure. Finally, when the incident vortex is positioned inboard of the wingtip, the vortex bifurcates in the time-mean sense with portions convecting above and below the wing, and the tip vortex is mostly suppressed. The time-mean bifurcation is actually a result of an unsteady spiralling instability in the vortex core that reorients the vortex as it impacts the leading edge, pinches off, and alternately attaches to either side of the wing. The increased effective angle of attack inboard of impingement enhances the three-dimensional recirculation region created by the separated boundary layer off the leading edge which draws fluid from the incident vortex inboard and diminishes its impact on the outboard section of the wing. The slight but remaining downwash present outboard of impingement reduces the effective angle of attack in that region, resulting in a small separation bubble on either side of the wing in the time-mean solution, effectively unloading the tip outboard of impingement and suppressing the tip vortex. All incident vortex positions provide substantial increases in the wing’s lift-to-drag ratio; however, significant sustained rolling moments also result. As the vortex is brought inboard, the rolling moment diminishes and eventually switches sign as the reduced outboard loading balances the augmented sectional lift inboard of impingement.
Household Smoking Restrictions Relate to Time to First Cigarette Smoked in the Morning
Authors: Steinberg Marc L. , Stahl Naomi F. , Williams Jill M. 
Published: February 2015

Introduction: The time a smoker waits until the first cigarette of the morning is often used as a measure of dependence with the rationale that more dependent smokers will smoke sooner upon waking than will less dependent smokers after going several hours without a cigarette overnight.Aims: We sought to examine the relationship between time-to-first-cigarette (TTFC) and household smoking restrictions in two independent samples.Methods: Two samples of smokers, one treatment-seeking community sample (N = 433) and one non-treatment seeking sample of smokers with serious mental illness (i.e., Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, or Bipolar I Disorder) (N = 94), provided information on cigarette dependence with the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and on household smoking restrictions.Results: Half (50%) of smokers with serious mental illness and 36.7% of smokers from the general population reported that there were no limitations to smoking in their home. Household smoking restrictions were significantly and positively related to TTFC in both samples.Conclusions: These data indicate that greater attention to TTFC may be warranted. The TTFC item is intended to measure dependence based on the premise that greater dependence should be associated with shorter TTFC. If TTFC is related to a household smoking ban, however, this item may not be assessing dependence as intended in some cases.
Online topological segmentation of visual sequences using the algebraic connectivity of graphs
Authors: Boal Jaime , Sánchez-Miralles Álvaro 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYIn the context of topological mapping, the automatic segmentation of an environment into meaningful and distinct locations is still regarded as an open problem. This paper presents an algorithm to extract places online from image sequences based on the algebraic connectivity of graphs or Fiedler value, which provides an insight into how well connected several consecutive observations are. The main contribution of the proposed method is that it is a theoretically supported alternative to tuning thresholds on similarities, which is a difficult task and environment dependent. It can accommodate any type of feature detector and matching procedure, as it only requires non-negative similarities as input, and is therefore able to deal with descriptors of variable length, to which statistical techniques are difficult to apply. The method has been validated in an office environment using exclusively visual information. Two different types of features, a bag-of-words model built from scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) keypoints, and a more complex fingerprint based on vertical lines, color histograms, and a few Star keypoints, are employed to demonstrate that the method can be applied to both fixed and variable length descriptors with similar results.
The art of common ground: emergence of a complex pragmatic language skill in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: DE MARCHENA ASHLEY , EIGSTI INGE-MARIE 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTDeficits in pragmatic language are central to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we investigatecommon ground, a pragmatic language skill in which speakers adjust the contents of their speech based on their interlocutor's perceived knowledge, in adolescents with ASD and typical development (TD), using an experimental narrative paradigm. Consistent with prior research, TD participants produced shorter narrations when they shared knowledge with an interlocutor, an effect not observed at the group level in ASD. This effect was unrelated to general skills such as IQ or receptive vocabulary. In ASD, the effect was correlated with age and symptom severity: older and less severely affected participantsdidshorten their narratives. Several metrics (including explicit references to common ground, speech disfluencies, and communicative quality ratings) suggested that, although adolescents with ASD did not show implicit reductions in their narrative length, they were aware of common ground, and communicated differently in its presence.
Determinants of Loneliness among Older Adults in Canada
Authors: de Jong Gierveld Jenny , Keating Norah , Fast Janet E. 
Published: February 2015

RÉSUMÉL'objectif de cette étude était de découvrir les déterminants principaux de la solitude des Canadiens âgés. Nous avons tiré sur des hypothèses concernant l'importance de la concordance entre la personne et l'environnement pour tester l'importance relative des caractéristiques personnelles, des conditions de vie privées, du réseau social/engagement social, et de la plausibilité de l'explication de la solitude. Les données comprenaient un échantillon de 3 799 répondants âgés de plus de 65, tirées de l'Enquête sociale générale de Statistique Canada, Cycle 22. Les caractéristiques personnelles, la dimension et la composition des réseaux sociaux, et la satisfaction avec les contacts du réseau, tous sont révélés d'être liés à la solitude, de même que les indicateurs de vivre sous des conditions économiquement et socialement difficiles. Les personnes âgées qui ont connu un recul récente de leurs situations financières, et qui n'avaient pas l'aide nécessaire pour faire face à un défi personnel récente, ont déclaré des niveaux plus élevés de la solitude. Une caractéristique frappante de nos résultats, cependant, c'est les scores relativement faibles sur la solitude des Canadiens âgés par rapport aux personnes âgées dans d'autres pays.