bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preoperative vs Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions and Prolonged Opioid Refills Among US Youths
Authors: Sutherland Tori N. , Rabbitts Jennifer A. , Tasian Gregory E. , Neuman Mark D. , Newcomb Craig , Hadland Scott E. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceHigh-risk practices, including dispensing an opioid prescription before surgery when not recommended, remain poorly characterized among US youths and may contribute to new persistent opioid use.ObjectiveTo characterize changes in preoperative, postoperative, and refill opioid prescriptions up to 180 days after surgery.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was performed using national claims data to determine opioid prescribing practices among a cohort of opioid-naive youths aged 11 to 20 years undergoing 22 inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures between 2015 and 2020. Statistical analysis was performed from June 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the percentage of initial opioid prescriptions filled up to 14 days prior to vs 7 days after a procedure. Secondary outcomes included the likelihood of a refill up to 180 days after surgery, including refills at 91 to 180 days, as a proxy for new persistent opioid use, and the opioid quantity dispensed in the initial and refill prescriptions in morphine milligram equivalents (MME). Exposures included patient and prescriber characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prescription timing and prolonged refills.ResultsAmong 100 026 opioid-naive youths (median [IQR] age, 16.0 [14.0-18.0] years) undergoing a surgical procedure, 46 951 (46.9%) filled an initial prescription, of which 7587 (16.2%) were dispensed 1 to 14 days before surgery. The mean quantity dispensed was 227 (95% CI, 225-229) MME; 6467 youths (13.8%) filled a second prescription (mean MME, 239 [95% CI, 231-246]) up to 30 days after surgery, and 1216 (3.0%) refilled a prescription 91 to 180 days after surgery. Preoperative prescriptions, increasing age, and procedures not typically associated with severe pain were most strongly associated with new persistent opioid use.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective study of youths undergoing surgical procedures, of which, many are typically not painful enough to require opioid use, opioid dispensing declined, but approximately 1 in 6 prescriptions were filled before surgery, and 1 in 33 adolescents filled prescriptions 91 to 180 days after surgery, consistent with new persistent opioid use. These findings should be addressed by policymakers and communicated by professional societies to clinicians who prescribe opioids.
Development of Chronic Pain Conditions Among Women in the Military Health System
Authors: Schoenfeld Andrew J. , Cirillo Madison N. , Gong Jonathan , Bryan Matthew R. , Banaag Amanda , Weissman Joel S. , Koehlmoos Tracey P. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of chronic pain has been increasing over the last decades and may be associated with the stress of deployment in active-duty servicewomen (ADSW) as well as women civilian dependents whose spouse or partner served on active duty.ObjectiveTo assess incidence of chronic pain among active-duty servicewomen and women civilian dependents with service during 2006 to 2013 compared with incidence among like individuals at a time of reduced combat exposure and deployment intensity (2014-2020).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used claims data from the Military Health System data repository to identify ADSW and dependents who were diagnosed with chronic pain. The incidence of chronic pain among individuals associated with service during 2006 to 2013 was compared with 2014 to 2020 incidence. Data were analyzed from September 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the diagnosis of chronic pain. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to adjust for confounding, and secondary analyses were performed to account for interactions between time period and proxies for socioeconomic status and combat exposure.ResultsA total of 3 473 401 individuals (median [IQR] age, 29.0 [22.0-46.0] years) were included, with 644 478 ADSW (18.6%). Compared with ADSW in 2014 to 2020, ADSW in 2006 to 2013 had significantly increased odds of chronic pain (odds ratio [OR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.48-1.58). The odds of chronic pain among dependents in 2006 to 2013 was also significantly higher compared with dependents from 2014 to 2020 (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.93-1.99). The proxy for socioeconomic status was significantly associated with an increased odds of chronic pain (2006-2013 junior enlisted ADSWs: OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.83-2.09; 2006-2013 junior enlisted dependents: OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.87-3.25).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found significant increases in the diagnosis of chronic pain among ADSW and civilian dependents affiliated with the military during a period of heightened deployment intensity (2006-2013). The effects of disparate support structures, coping strategies, stress regulation, and exposure to military sexual trauma may apply to both women veterans and civilian dependents.
Ductile P‐Type AgCu(Se,S,Te) Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Shen Kelin , Yang Qingyu , Qiu Pengfei , Zhou Zhengyang , Yang Shiqi , Wei Tian‐Ran , Shi Xun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuctile inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials open a new approach to develop high‐performance flexible TE devices. N‐type Ag2(S,Se,Te) and p‐type AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions are two typical categories of ductile inorganic TE materials reported so far. Comparing with the Ag2(S,Se,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, the phase composition, crystal structure, and physical properties of AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions are more complex, but their relationships are still ambiguous now. In this work, via systematically investigating the phase composition, crystal structure, mechanical, and TE properties of about 60 AgCu(Se,S,Te) pseudoternary solid solutions, the comprehensive composition–structure–property phase diagrams of the AgCuSe‐AgCuS‐AgCuTe pseudoternary system is constructed. By mapping the complex phases, the “ductile‐brittle” and “n‐p” transition boundaries are determined and the composition ranges with high TE performance and inherent ductility are illustrated. On this basis, high performance p‐type ductile TE materials are obtained, with a maximum zT of 0.81 at 340 K. Finally, flexible in‐plane TE devices are prepared by using the AgCu(Se,S,Te)‐based ductile TE materials, showing high output performance that is superior to those of organic and inorganic–organic hybrid flexible devices.
Quantum Dots Photoresist for Direct Photolithography Patterning
Authors: Gao Zhiyuan , Shi Jianbing , Yang Gaoling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractQuantum dots (QDs) have become the most valuable luminescent materials due to their excellent optical properties, such as high color purity, high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), and tunable luminescence spectra. QDs‐based display devices have been used commercially and have shown outstanding advantages such as wide color gamut, high brightness, etc. However, for high‐end displays such as micro‐light‐emitting diodes (Micro‐LED), fine precise patterning of QDs is still a prerequisite and key challenge. Recently, direct photolithography, a method based on photochemical reactions of QDs photoresist (QDPR), has been considered as the most potential patterning technology to achieve high resolution and high‐throughput. This review focuses on the recent progress of QDPR from the point of view of different photochemical reaction mechanisms: starting the monomer polymerization, followed by the ligand crosslinking or decomposition, and eventually introducing crosslinking additives. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of the current applications of QDPR in displays is provided based on the different types of LED devices. Finally, existing problems in QDs direct photolithography are discussed, along with possible reasons and solutions. This review is expected to accelerate the development of direct photolithography patterning method and provide general guidance for the further design of QDPR for high‐end displays.
Utilization of High Entropy Alloy (Co–Cu–Fe–Mn–Ni) and Support (CeO2) Interaction for CO2 Conversion into Syngas
Authors: Gangwar Bhanu P. , Mitra Rahul , Parui Arko , Gakhad Pooja , Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Singh Abhishek Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Biswas Krishanu , Sharma Sudhanshu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHere metal support interaction (MSI) is demonstrated in a high entropy alloy (HEA: CoCuFeMnNi) supported CeO2. The HEA behaves as an active dry reforming catalyst only when it is supported over CeO2 oxide, clearly demonstrating MSI. Based on spectroscopic and microscopic observations, it is envisaged that the substitutional effect is the one that causes the lattice oxygen activation, an important active species during DRM reaction. Transient studies are performed to understand the surface chemistry of the interaction between methane and CO2 in the presence of a catalyst, which results in a methane decomposition first to generate hydrogen and carbon and followed by a CO2 reaction to give CO using deposited carbon. The experimental observations are further proven by mechanistic study with DFT calculations which show a major contribution of H‐assisted CO2 dissociation and pre‐H2 releasing carbon depositing CH4 dissociation and a minor contribution of pre‐CO releasing H2 formation. This MSI moves the d‐band center of the Co atoms of CoCuFeMnNi/CeO2 to the closest position of the Fermi level as compared to the isolated nanoparticles. This study can be taken as a proof of concept to demonstrate that MSI can be generated in the HEA/CeO2 catalysts for a generic heterogeneous gas phase reaction.
Interlayer Friction and Adhesion Effects in Penta‐PdSe2‐Based van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Ru Guoliang , Qi Weihong , Sun Shu , Tang Kewei , Du Chengfeng , Liu Weimin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to their inherent lattice mismatch characteristics, 2D heterostructure interfaces are considered ideal for achieving stable and sustained ultralow friction (superlubricity). Despite extensive research, the current understanding of how interface adhesion affects interlayer friction remains limited. This study focused on graphene/MoS2 and graphene/PdSe2 heterostructure interfaces, where extremely low friction coefficients of ≈10−3 are observed. In contrast, the MoS2/PdSe2 heterostructure interfaces exhibit higher friction coefficients, ≈0.02, primarily due to significant interfacial interactions driven by interlayer charge transfer, which is closely related to the ionic nature of 2D material crystals. These findings indicate that the greater the difference in ionicity between the two 2D materials comprising the sliding interfaces is, the lower the interlayer friction, providing key criteria for designing ultralow friction pairs. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrate that interlayer friction in heterostructure systems is closely associated with the material thickness and interface adhesion strength. These experimental findings are supported by molecular dynamics simulations, further validating the observed friction behavior. By integrating experimental observations with simulation analyses, this study reveals the pivotal role of interface adhesion in regulating interlayer friction and offers new insights into understanding and optimizing the frictional performance of layered solid lubricants.
A Prototype of Graphene E‐Nose for Exhaled Breath Detection and Label‐Free Diagnosis of Helicobacter Pylori Infection
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Chen Qiaofen , Xu Shiyuan , Wu Jiaying , Zhao Jingwen , He Zhengfu , Pan Aiwu , Wu Jianmin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (HP), a common microanaerobic bacteria that lives in the human mouth and stomach, is reported to infect ≈50% of the global population. The current diagnostic methods for HP are either invasive, time‐consuming, or harmful. Therefore, a noninvasive and label‐free HP diagnostic method needs to be developed urgently. Herein, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is composited with different metal‐based materials to construct a graphene‐based electronic nose (e‐nose), which exhibits excellent sensitivity and cross‐reactive response to several gases in exhaled breath (EB). Principal component analysis (PCA) shows that four typical types of gases in EB can be well discriminated. Additionally, the potential of the e‐nose in label‐free detection of HP infection is demonstrated through the measurement and analysis of EB samples. Furthermore, a prototype of an e‐nose device is designed and constructed for automatic EB detection and HP diagnosis. The accuracy of the prototype machine integrated with the graphene‐based e‐nose can reach 92% and 91% in the training and validation sets, respectively. These results demonstrate that the highly sensitive graphene‐based e‐nose has great potential for the label‐free diagnosis of HP and may become a novel tool for non‐invasive disease screening and diagnosis.
Cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters: An extended long‐term follow‐up 1968–2021
Authors: Pedersen Julie E. , Petersen Kajsa U. , Andersen Maria‐Helena G. , Saber Anne T. , Vogel Ulla , Ebbehøj Niels E. , Jensen Tina K. , Wils Regitze S. , Bonde Jens P. , Hansen Johnni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo update and extend the examination of cancer incidence in a cohort of Danish firefighters, now adding 7 years of follow‐up and 2766 additional firefighters. The primary focus was directed toward cancer sites that recently contributed to the hazard evaluation conducted by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).MethodsThe updated cohort consisted of 11,827 male Danish firefighters who were followed up for cancer from 1968 to 2021. Cohort cancer morbidity was compared with a working population reference group, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were used for estimation of relative risks, along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsAmong full‐time firefighters, SIR of skin melanoma was 1.30 (95% CI: 1.02–1.66), and SIR = 1.37 (95% CI: 1.02–1.85) for over 5 years of employment. Slightly positive associations were also observed for cancer of the urinary bladder (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.93–1.45), prostate (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.97–1.28), and testis (SIR = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.75–1.63).ConclusionsThis updated study provides evidence indicating an elevated risk of skin melanoma in firefighters. Consistent with IARC's evaluation, we also identified positive associations for urinary bladder, prostate, and testis cancer. In contrast, our findings did not suggest an increased risk of colon cancer, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, and mesothelioma. The latter may be due to small numbers in our still relatively young cohort. Continuous follow‐up for cancer in firefighters is warranted, including assessment of influence from surveillance bias.
Exploring microtubule dynamics in Alzheimer's disease: Longitudinal assessment using [11C]MPC‐6827 PET imaging in rodent models of Alzheimer's‐related pathology
Authors: Damuka Naresh , Irmen Riley E. , Krizan Ivan , Miller Mack , Gollapelli Krishna K. , Bhoopal Bhuvanachandra , Deep Ojasvi , Bansode Avinash , Lockhart Samuel N. , Orr Miranda E. , Jadiya Pooja , Bashetti Nagaraju , Kumar J. V. Shanmukha , Mintz Akiva , Whitlow Christopher T. , Craft Suzanne , Macauley Shannon L. , Solingapuram Sai Kiran K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONMicrotubule (MT) stability is crucial for proper neuronal function. Understanding MT dysregulation is critical for connecting amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau‐based degenerative events and early changes in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein we present positron emission tomography (PET) imaging properties of our MT‐PET radiotracer, [11C]MPC‐6827, in multiple established AD mouse models.METHODSLongitudinal PET, biodistribution, autoradiography, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral studies were conducted at multiple time points in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1), P301S‐PS19 (P301S), 5xFAD, and age‐matched control mice.RESULTSLongitudinal [11C]MPC‐6827 brain imaging showed significant increases in APP/PS1, P301S, and 5xFAD mice compared to controls. Longitudinal MT‐PET correlated positively with biodistribution, autoradiography, and immunohistochemistry results and negatively with behavior data.DISCUSSIONOur study demonstrated significant longitudinal [11C]MPC‐6827 PET increases in multiple AD mouse models for the first time. Strong correlations between PET and biomarker data underscored the interplay of MT destabilization, amyloid, and tau pathology in AD. These results suggest [11C]MPC‐6827 PET as a promising tool for monitoring MT dysregulation early in AD progression.Highlights
Longitudinal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies using [11C]MPC‐6827 in multiple established Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse models revealed an early onset of microtubule dysregulation, with significant changes in brain radiotracer uptake evident from 2 to 4 months of age.
Intra‐group analysis showed a progressive increase in microtubule dysregulation with increasing AD burden, supported by significant correlations between PET imaging data and biodistribution, autoradiography, and molecular pathological markers.
[11C]MPC‐6827 PET imaging demonstrated its efficacy in detecting early microtubule alterations preceding observable behavioral changes in AD mouse models, suggesting its potential for early AD imaging.
The inclusion of the 5xFAD mouse model further elucidated the impact of amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity on inducing tau hyperphosphorylation‐mediated microtubule dysregulation, highlighting the versatility of [11C]MPC‐6827 in delineating various aspects of AD pathology.
Our study provides immediate clarity on high uptake of the microtubule‐based radiotracer in AD brains in a longitudinal setting, which directly informs clinical utility in Aβ/tau‐based studies.
Deciphering the Factors Controlling Hydrogen and Methyl Spillover upon Methane Dissociation on Rh/Cu(111) Single‐Atom Alloy
Authors: Gu Kaixuan , Guo Hua , Lin Sen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSpillover of adsorbed species from one active site to another is a key step in heterogeneous catalysis. However, the factors controlling this step, particularly the spillover of polyatomic species, have rarely been studied. Herein, we investigate the spillover dynamics of H* and CH3* species on a single‐atom alloy surface (Rh/Cu(111)) upon the dissociative chemisorption of methane (CH4), using molecular dynamics that considers both surface phonons and electron‐hole pairs. These dynamical calculations are made possible by a high‐dimensional potential energy surface machine learned from density functional theory data. Our results provide compelling evidence that the H* and CH3* can spill over on the metal surface at experimental temperatures and reveal novel dynamical features involving an internal motion during diffusion for CH3*. Increasing surface temperature has a minor effect on promoting spillover, as geminate recombinative desorption becomes more prevalent. However, the poisoning of the active site can be mitigated by the frequent gaseous molecular collisions that occur under ambient pressure in real‐world catalysis, which transfer energy to the trapped adsorbates. Interestingly, the bulky CH3* exhibits a significant spillover advantage over the light H* due to its larger size, which facilitates energy acquisition. These insights help to advance our understanding of spillover in heterogeneous catalysis.
A morphometric comparison of the ductus reuniens in humans and guinea pigs, with a note on its evolutionary importance
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Curthoys Ian S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe mammalian inner ear contains the sensory organs responsible for balance (semicircular canals, utricle, and saccule) and hearing (cochlea). While these organs are functionally distinct, there exists a critical structural connection between the two: the ductus reuniens (DR). Despite its functional importance, comparative descriptions of DR morphology are limited, hindering our understanding of the evolutionary diversification of hearing and balance systems among mammals. Using virtual 3D models derived from micro‐CT, we examine the morphology of the DR and its relationship to the bony labyrinth in humans compared to that in a commonly used animal model, the guinea pig. Anatomical reconstructions and univariate measurements were carried out in the software 3D Slicer. Data indicate similarities in DR morphology between humans and guinea pigs in terms of overall shape. However, there are considerable differences in relative DR length and width between humans and guinea pigs. Humans possess a relatively shorter and narrower DR but with wider openings to the saccule and cochlear duct. This results in a relatively more constricted DR lumen in humans which may differentially limit fluid transfer between the saccule and cochlea. Our results reveal previously hidden morphological diversity in the communication between the hearing and balance systems of the mammalian inner ear which may indicate alternative strategies for isolating the Organ of Corti from the peripheral vestibular system throughout mammalian evolution.
Green Technology Approach Towards the Removal of Heavy Metals, Dyes, and Phenols from Water Using Agro‐based Adsorbents: A Review
Authors: Aftab Rameez Ahmad , Yusuf Mohammad , Ahmad Faizan , Danish Mohd , Zaidi Sadaf , Vo Dai Viet N. , Nguyen Anh-Tam , Rahman Mohammed M. , Ibrahim Hussameldin 
Published: July 2024

The swift pace of socioeconomic development and climatic change have put significant strain on the quality of water resources. While, the bulk availability of agro‐based materials arising from nature and agricultural practices has paved the way for researchers in eradicating toxic industrial pollutants such as dyes, heavy‐metals, phenolic‐compounds, pesticides, etc. by using them as adsorbents. In the area of pollution remediation, inventive technologies have been developing. The adsorption technique stands out among the other wastewater‐treatment methods as it is simple, easy, efficient, and cost‐effective. The agro‐based adsorbents their use in this area contributes to minimizing natural waste. They can be employed in their original raw‐form or after undergoing simple processes such as drying, grinding, and carbonization. Moreover, these adsorbents are typically modified physically or chemically to change their surface properties and improve their adsorption efficiency. The low‐cost agro adsorbents have shown efficient adsorption capacities towards removing various organic and hazardous water pollutants. With a few exceptions, majority of adsorbents have demonstrated heavy metals, dyes and phenol removal efficiencies exceeding 90%. This review summarizes the available information and strategies for using agro‐based adsorbents to eliminate hazardous water pollutants. It is a prospective area for research in the field of environmental pollution.