bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Austrian and Dutch falls-prevention information: A comparative descriptive study
Authors: Schoberer Daniela , Mijnarends Donja M , Fliedner Monica , Halfens Ruud JG , Lohrmann Christa 
Published: February 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the quality of written patient information material available in Austrian and Dutch hospitals and nursing homes pertaining to falls prevention. Design: Comparative descriptive study design Setting: Hospitals and nursing homes in Austria and the Netherlands. Method: Written patient information material ( n = 77) was independently evaluated by two assessors using the 36-item Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) scale with regard to content, structure and identification data. EQIP global scores were calculated and country- and institution-specific (hospitals and nursing homes) differences were analysed. Results: The written patient information material available in Dutch hospitals had a significantly higher EQIP mean score than that in Austrian hospitals ( p < .0001). The difference in EQIP global score between the countries was not significant for the written patient information material in nursing homes ( p = .479). Sub-scale analyses indicated that Dutch institutions reached significantly higher mean values in the global scores for content and structure than Austrian ones ( p < .05). Conclusion: Although Dutch written patient information material pertaining to falls prevention was of higher quality than that in Austria, both countries suffered from shortcomings, especially with regard to content and identification data. Authors of written patient information material face a great challenge in taking consumer involvement and evidence-based criteria into account.
Collective Memory and the Language of Human Rights
Authors: Sutton Barbara 
Published: February 2015

The democratization that followed the last military dictatorship in Argentina (1976–1983) has been influenced by human rights organizations’ relentless work to bring about truth and justice regarding the consequences of state terrorism and to keep the memory of that period alive. These efforts frame the discursive context in which human rights violations, including torture, are interpreted in contemporary Argentina. Argentine interviewees from across the political spectrum condemn torture, but the language and frames they use and the narratives surrounding political events vary. These accounts expose the conflicted terrain of memory making and the ambivalences and contradictions that permeate the construction of a torture-rejecting culture. La democratización que vino después de la última dictadura militar en la Argentina (1976–1983) ha sido influenciada por el trabajo incesante de las organizaciones de derechos humanos para lograr que se establezca la verdad y se haga justicia sobre las consecuencias del terrorismo de estado y para mantener la memoria sobre ese periodo viva. Estos esfuerzos enmarcan el contexto discursivo a través del cual las violaciones de los derechos humanos, entre ellas la tortura, son interpretadas en la Argentina contemporánea. Las personas entrevistadas en Argentina, quienes atraviesan el espectro político, condenan la tortura. Sin embargo, el lenguaje y los esquemas que usan y las narrativas sobre los acontecimientos políticos varían. Estos relatos exponen el terreno conflictivo de la construcción de la memoria y las ambivalencias y contradicciones que permean la construcción de una cultura de rechazo hacia la tortura.
Advance Care Planning in palliative care: A qualitative investigation into the perspective of Paediatric Intensive Care Unit staff
Authors: Mitchell Sarah , Dale Jeremy 
Published: February 2015

Background: The majority of children and young people who die in the United Kingdom have pre-existing life-limiting illness. Currently, most such deaths occur in hospital, most frequently within the intensive care environment. Aim: To explore the experiences of senior medical and nursing staff regarding the challenges associated with Advance Care Planning in relation to children and young people with life-limiting illnesses in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit environment and opportunities for improvement. Design: Qualitative one-to-one, semi-structured interviews were conducted with Paediatric Intensive Care Unit consultants and senior nurses, to gain rich, contextual data. Thematic content analysis was carried out. Setting/participants: UK tertiary referral centre Paediatric Intensive Care Unit. Eight Paediatric Intensive Care Unit consultants and six senior nurses participated. Findings: Four main themes emerged: recognition of an illness as ‘life-limiting’; Advance Care Planning as a multi-disciplinary, structured process; the value of Advance Care Planning and adverse consequences of inadequate Advance Care Planning. Potential benefits of Advance Care Planning include providing the opportunity to make decisions regarding end-of-life care in a timely fashion and in partnership with patients, where possible, and their families. Barriers to the process include the recognition of the life-limiting nature of an illness and gaining consensus of medical opinion. Organisational improvements towards earlier recognition of life-limiting illness and subsequent Advance Care Planning were recommended, including education and training, as well as the need for wider societal debate. Conclusions: Advance Care Planning for children and young people with life-limiting conditions has the potential to improve care for patients and their families, providing the opportunity to make decisions based on clear information at an appropriate time, and avoid potentially harmful intensive clinical interventions at the end of life.
Development of an Instrument for Assessing Elder Care Needs
Authors: Åhsberg Elizabeth , Fahlström Gunilla , Rönnbäck Eva , Granberg Ann-Kristin , Almborg Ann-Helene 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To construct a needs assessment instrument for older people using a standardized terminology (International classification of functioning, disability, and health [ICF]) and assess its psychometrical properties. Method: An instrument was developed comprising questions to older people regarding their perceived care needs. The instrument’s reliability, validity, and utility were tested. Forty-one social workers and 251 older people participated. Results: The questions were sufficiently unambiguous (inter-rater reliability, intraclass correlation = .60–.80); measured a person’s care and service needs to a satisfactory extent (criteria validity, agreement between social workers’ and older people’s assessments = 72–94%); both social workers and older people considered the questions useful; and the needs of older people were documented in social records to a greater extent when the instrument was used. Conclusion: The psychometric properties of the instrument support its use by social workers to gain relevant information on elder care needs.
Challenges in the differential diagnosis of interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of intraparotid lymph node vs. metastatic malignant melanoma with unknown primary site
Authors: Galli Fernando , Petraitiene Viktorija , Muthu Senthil Kumar , James Sophie , Koppana Venkata Rao , Arya Arvind 
Published: February 2015

Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) is an uncommon form of malignant histiocytosis affecting dendritic cells. The parotid gland more frequently than other salivary glands has metastasis from extraparotid tumours, which in 80% of cases are melanomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Herein we report our case, a 64-year-old woman who presented with a short history of fluctuating in size swelling below her right ear. Ultrasound scan showed a loculated cystic lesion extending in the parotid parenchyma. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) revealed appearances that were highly suspicious of malignancy, therefore MRI scan was arranged, and parotidectomy planned. The histology of tumour was a malignant spindle cell neoplasm, with immunohistochemical features highly suggestive of metastatic malignant melanoma with divergent differentiation. The challenges in the differential diagnosis of IDCS of intraparotid lymph node vs. metastatic malignant melanoma with unknown primary tumour are described here. The rarity of this neoplasm figures highlights the importance of describing all new cases putting special emphasis on the steps to be taken in order to shorten the diagnosis, management and treatment process.
Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure gradient as an indicator of severity of illness in patients with pulmonary hypertension related to left-sided heart disease
Authors: Howard Christopher , Rangajhavala Kapil , Safdar Zeenat 
Published: February 2015

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left-sided heart disease (Group 2 PH) is most commonly due to passive backward transmission of elevated left-sided heart pressures. A subgroup of these patients develop pulmonary artery remodeling, resulting in systolic and mean pulmonary artery pressures that are ‘reactive’ or ‘out of proportion’ to the elevated left-sided heart pressures. These patients have historically been identified by a transpulmonary gradient (TPG) > 12 mmHg. However, since diastolic pulmonary artery pressures are less susceptible to changes in pulmonary blood flow, a diastolic pulmonary gradient (DPG) ⩾ 7 mmHg may be a superior indicator of worse clinical function and prognosis. Methods: Based on measurements from a right-heart catheterization (RHC) database (Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA), comparisons of several clinical parameters were made among three Group 2 PH patients: normal TPG and DPG (Group 2A), elevated TPG and normal DPG (Group 2B), and elevated TPG and DPG (Group 2C). Results: Among 173 RHCs, 39 were found to have Group 2 PH. Among these 39 cases, 10 (32%), 13 (32%), and 16 (36%) cases were categorized into Groups 2A, 2B, and 2C, respectively. Group 2C patients had significantly worse 6-min walk distance (308 ± 69 m) than Group 2A (425 ± 81 m) and Group 2B (350 ± 103 m) ( p = 0.038). There was no significant difference in cardiac output, cardiac index, and right atrial pressure among the three subgroups. Discussion: Among patients with Group 2 PH, elevated DPG proved to be a more specific indicator of worse functional status than the historically used TPG. International guidelines and protocols for performing RHC for the assessment and diagnosis of PH should include the measurement of DPG.
The function of a 60-nm-thick AlN buffer layer in n-ZnO/AlN/p-Si(111)
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Chao , Zhang Guozhen , Wang Ti , Wu Hao , Liu Yong , Liu Chang 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
ZnO films were prepared on p-Si (111) substrates by using atomic layer deposition. High-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL), and I-V measurements were carried out to characterize structural, electrical, and optical properties. After introducing a 60-nm-thick AlN buffer layer, the growth direction of the ZnO films was changed from [10] to [0002]. Meanwhile, the ZnO crystalline quality was significantly improved as verified by both XRD and PL analyses. It has been demonstrated that the reverse leakage current was greatly reduced with the AlN buffer layer. The valence band offsets have been determined to be 3.06, 2.95, and 0.83 eV for ZnO/Si, ZnO/AlN, and AlN/Si heterojunctions, respectively, and the band alignment of ZnO/Si heterojunction was modified to be 0.72 eV after introducing the AlN buffer layer. Our work offered a potential way to fabricate Si-based ultraviolet light-emitting diodes and improve the device performances.
Hydroxyethyl starch versus other fluids for non-septic patients in the intensive care unit: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: He Bin , Xu Bo , Xu Xiaoxing , Li Lixia , Ren Rongrong , Chen Zhiyu , Xiao Jian , Wang Yingwei , Xu Bin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Use of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in septic patients is reported to increase the mortality and incidence of renal replacement therapy (RRT). However, whether or not use of HES would induce the same result in non-septic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) remains unclear. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate 6% HES versus other fluids for non-septic ICU patients.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched from Pubmed, OvidSP, Embase database and Cochrane Library, published before November, 2013. A meta-analysis was made on the effect of 6% HES versus other fluids for non-septic ICU patients, including mortality, RRT incidence, bleeding volume, red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and fluid application for non-septic patients in ICU.

Results
Twenty-two RCTs were included, involving 6,064 non-septic ICU patients. Compared with the other fluids, 6% HES was not associated with decreased overall mortality (RR = 1.03, 95%CI: 0.09 to 1.17; P = 0.67; I2 = 0). There was no significant difference in RRT incidence, bleeding volume and red blood cell transfusion between 6% HES group and the other fluid groups. However, patients in HES group received less total intravenous fluids than those receiving crystalloids during the first day in ICU (SMD = −0.84; 95%CI: −1.39 to −0.30; P = 0.003, I2 = 74%).

Conclusions
This meta-analysis found no increased mortality, RRT incidence, bleeding volumes or RBC transfusion in non-septic ICU patients, but the sample sizes were small and the studies generally were of poor quality.
Integrated analysis reveals microRNA networks coordinately expressed with key proteins in breast cancer
Authors: Aure Miriam Ragle , Jernström Sandra , Krohn Marit , Vollan Hans Kristian Moen , Due Eldri U , Rødland Einar , Kåresen Rolf ,   Oslo Breast Cancer Research Consortium (OSBREAC), Ram Prahlad , Lu Yiling , Mills Gordon B , Sahlberg Kristine Kleivi , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Lingjærde Ole Christian , Kristensen Vessela N 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
The role played by microRNAs in the deregulation of protein expression in breast cancer is only partly understood. To gain insight, the combined effect of microRNA and mRNA expression on protein expression was investigated in three independent data sets.

Methods
Protein expression was modeled as a multilinear function of powers of mRNA and microRNA expression. The model was first applied to mRNA and protein expression for 105 selected cancer-associated genes and to genome-wide microRNA expression from 283 breast tumors. The model considered both the effect of one microRNA at a time and all microRNAs combined. In the latter case the Lasso penalized regression method was applied to detect the simultaneous effect of multiple microRNAs.

Results
An interactome map for breast cancer representing all direct and indirect associations between the expression of microRNAs and proteins was derived. A pattern of extensive coordination between microRNA and protein expression in breast cancer emerges, with multiple clusters of microRNAs being associated with multiple clusters of proteins. Results were subsequently validated in two independent breast cancer data sets. A number of the microRNA-protein associations were functionally validated in a breast cancer cell line.

Conclusions
A comprehensive map is derived for the co-expression in breast cancer of microRNAs and 105 proteins with known roles in cancer, after filtering out the in-cis effect of mRNA expression. The analysis suggests that group action by several microRNAs to deregulate the expression of proteins is a common modus operandi in breast cancer.
Interface engineering for high performance graphene electronic devices
Authors: Jung Dae Yool , Yang Sang Yoon , Park Hamin , Shin Woo Cheol , Oh Joong Gun , Cho Byung Jin , Choi Sung-Yool 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A decade after the discovery of graphene flakes, exfoliated from graphite, we have now secured large scale and high quality graphene film growth technology via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. With the establishment of mass production of graphene using CVD, practical applications of graphene to electronic devices have gained an enormous amount of attention. However, several issues arise from the interfaces of graphene systems, such as damage/unintentional doping of graphene by the transfer process, the substrate effects on graphene, and poor dielectric formation on graphene due to its inert features, which result in degradation of both electrical performance and reliability in actual devices. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of the recent approaches to resolve these issues by interface engineering of graphene for high performance electronic devices. We deal with each interface that is encountered during the fabrication steps of graphene devices, from the graphene/metal growth substrate to graphene/high-k dielectrics, including the intermediate graphene/target substrate.
Space as Form of Intuition and as Formal Intuition: On the Note to B160 in Kant'sCritique of Pure Reason
Authors: Onof Christian , Schulting Dennis 
Published: February 2015

In his argument for the possibility of knowledge of spatial objects, in the Transcendental Deduction of the B-version of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant makes a crucial distinction between space as “form of intuition” and space as “formal intuition.” The traditional interpretation regards the distinction between the two notions as reflecting a distinction between indeterminate space and determinations of space by the understanding, respectively. By contrast, a recent influential reading has argued that the two notions can be fused into one and that space as such is first generated by the understanding through an act of synthesis of the imagination.Against this reading, this article argues that a key characteristic of space as a form of intuition is its nonconceptual unity, which defines the properties of space and is as such necessarily independent of determination by the understanding through the transcendental synthesis of the imagination. The conceptual unity that the understanding prescribes to the manifold in intuition, by means of the categories, defines the formal intuition. Furthermore, this article argues that it is the sui generis, nonconceptual unity of space, when takenas a unity for the understanding by means of conceptual determination, that first enables geometric knowledge and knowledge of spatially located particulars.
Effect of Protonation on the Single-molecule-magnet Behavior of a Mixed (Phthalocyaninato)(porphyrinato)terbium Double-decker Complex
Authors: Tanaka Daisuke , Sumitani Nobuto , Inose Tomoko , Tanaka Hirofumi , Ishikawa Naoto , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The crystal structure of a protonated phthalocyaninato–porphyrinato Tb(III) double-decker complex, [Tb(TPP)(HPc)] (1) (TPP: 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, Pc: phthalocyanine), was determined. Crystal structure analysis demonstrated that the proton exists on the meso-nitrogen of the phthalocyanine ligand, and the coordination mode is a nearly ideal square-antiprismatic one. We have also demonstrated that 1 shows single-molecule-magnet (SMM) property, although protonated homoleptic porphyrin Tb(III) double-decker complexes are SMM-inactive. This difference is attributable to the highly symmetric coordination structure of 1.
When Should Firms Expose Themselves to Risk?
Authors: Alexandrov Alexei 
Published: February 2015

I analyze a firm making a decision whether to expose itself to risk in an exogenous parameter when the firm can change a choice variable after observing the realization of the exogenous parameter. For example, the firm decides whether to choose an advertising campaign with a less certain outcome (conditional on the same expected outcome) when it can adjust the product’s price after seeing the effects of the campaign. I show that in many cases, the firm wants to expose itself to risk, and I outline general conditions that need to be satisfied for this result. I then analyze the strategic version of this setup with two competing firms, provide a general characterization, and show that in many cases both firms want to expose themselves to risk, as long as the risks are not too positively correlated. This is the case for many linear demand and constant marginal cost settings (monopolies, differentiated Bertrand firms, or differentiated Cournot firms selling substitutes) where the exogenous parameter is a demand, or a marginal cost shifter results in the monopoly (or both of the competitors if the risks are not too positively correlated) voluntarily exposing itself to risk.This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Investigation of Factory Fire Retardant Treatment of Eucalyptus Plywood
Authors: La Hu , Zhilin Chen , Feng Fu , Mizi Fan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Eucalyptus has become an important substitute material for the burgeoning plywood industry in China, whereas the corresponding fire retardant–treated products remain to be developed. This study preliminarily evaluated the feasibility of manufacturing fire retardant–treated eucalyptus plywood in the traditional industrial plant by veneer impregnation. Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus dunnii veneers were impregnated by a commercial fire retardant at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. After redrying, the veneers were hot pressed into fire retardant–treated plywood in a conventional way. Fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter test. Basic properties (i.e., moisture content, bonding strength, and formaldehyde emission), mechanical properties (including modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity), and hygroscopicity were also investigated. The fire retardancy of plywood was significantly improved by the fire retardant treatment, in terms of decreased heat release rate and increased residual mass fraction. The flame spread index values for plywood, which were calculated from the results from cone calorimeter tests, indicate that the fire performance of plywood improves from Class III to Class II after the treatment. The basic properties of fire retardant–treated plywood meet the requirements of GB/T 9846 (Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China 2004). The mechanical and hygroscopic properties of fire retardant–treated plywood satisfy demands of general interior applications. The veneer treatment could be a suitable approach for Eucalyptus plywood factories to manufacture fire retardant–treated products.
A Tool for Estimating Variability in Wood Preservative Treatment Retention
Authors: Lebow Patricia K. , Taylor Adam M. , Young Timothy M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Composite sampling is standard practice for evaluation of preservative retention levels in preservative-treated wood. Current protocols provide an average retention value but no estimate of uncertainty. Here we describe a statistical method for calculating uncertainty estimates using the standard sampling regime with minimal additional chemical analysis. This tool can be used by wood treaters to generate lower prediction intervals that with a certain level of confidence give lower bounds on preservative retention estimates for a future analysis (e.g., by a customer) indicating whether the treated wood charge would result in a below-target retention value.