bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Évolutions des organisations scolaires face aux mutations socioéconomiques
Authors: Luginbühl Odile 
Published: May 2015

En quelques décennies, la plupart des pays d’Asie ont vécu une transition rapide vers une économie mondialisée associée à une croissance économique souvent spectaculaire. Les conséquences de ce choc brutal entraînent d’importantes mutations sociales, dans ces pays marqués par des cultures traditionnelles, et développent des besoins et des demandes sociétales qui placent l’éducation et la formation parmi les défis majeurs de ces pays. Comment les systèmes éducatifs évoluent-ils face à ces mutations ? Comment volonté politique et pression de la société s’articulent-elles ?
Perspectives de croissance et de développement de l’éducation en Asie
Authors: Govinda Rangachar 
Published: May 2015

La montée en puissance actuelle de l’Asie, tirée par les deux géants que sont l’Inde et la Chine, crée un certain nombre d’attentes et d’aspirations en matière de développement et d’éducation. On parle d’un « siècle asiatique ». Mais que signifie vraiment cette montée en puissance et comment peut-elle advenir dans une Asie plurielle et multiple ? Dans ce contexte, quelle devrait être la trajectoire de développement de l’éducation pour que les évolutions actuelles tiennent leurs promesses ? Les pays asiatiques ont-ils emprunté la bonne direction pour faire face aux défis du XXIe siècle ? Cet article plaide, entre autres, pour un développement des collaborations et de la mobilité entre les pays d’Asie en matière de recherche et de formation, au-delà des considérations strictement nationales.
On Charitable Enterprise in Europe and America
Authors: Eiichi Shibusawa , Chaiklin Martha 
Published: May 2015

Translator’s Note: The essays in Jotoku ronsō was intended for young women, and the essays are written in what was then simple and direct language. Other topics in the volume include education, literature and art . The cream of late Meiji intellectual society contributed, including Okuma Shigenobu, Masaki Naohiko (head of Tokyo School of FIne Arts), and Mizukuri Genpachi (historian of the Western World). Shibusawa’s contribution, although appearing to be a simple travelogue, offers insight into his perception as philanthropy as a natural outgrowth of business. He also touches on many debates about social welfare that continue until this day, including the effect of poverty on crime, whether prisons should be about punishment or reform and whether responsibility for poverty lies in the the individual or society.
“As an Angel Revealed to Her”: Miracles, Visions, Predictions, and Supernatural Phenomena and the Politics of Memory in Early Medieval Venice
Authors: Berto Luigi Andrea 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The study of miracles, visions, predictions, and other supernatural phenomena has become important for understanding religious practices, mentalities, and the use of the past in the Middle Ages. In spite of the absence of local martyrs and saints and the small hagiographical production in Venice during the early Middle Ages, these phenomena were also relevant in this regi0n. This article emphasizes both the unique aspects of the Venetian texts and their similarities with early medieval sources from the rest of Italy. In particular, it focuses on the ways Venetian authors employed miracles and divine interventions to shape a past that could be utilized for their present.
The Interaction with Alterity in Paul Bowles's “A Distant Episode”
Authors: Gomes Fernando 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
“A Distant Episode” expresses some fundamental aspects of Bowles's fiction, particularly the futility of racial interaction and Western vanity in its dialogue with the “other.” In this story, Bowles exposes the tragic effects of confrontation with alterity and the ensuing disintegration of identity. In discussing “A Distant Episode,” this article highlights Western presumption in its relationship with the “other,” who hides his identity and refuses to be assimilated. The presence of stereotypes from colonialist discourse that interfere with cultural communication and the ineffectiveness of dialogue between races are also discussed.
The Tragedy of Eros in a Bucolic Short Story by Alexandros Papadiamantis
Authors: Evzonas Nicolas 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis contribution explores the themes of fantasy underlying “Eros the Harvester” (“Θέρος-Ἔρος”), a short story by modern Greece's most emblematic prose writer, Alexandros Papadiamantis. A close reading of the eventful love affair depicted in this story, subtitled “A May Day Idyll,” uncovers the dramatic consequences of consummation and introduces the wider theme of the author's problematic view of erotic love. The narrative includes an array of motifs whose complete meaning fully develops in Papadiamantis's later writings: the interconnectedness of blossoming virginity and spring; the close relationship between two characters representing antithetical expressions of desire; the voyeuristic and sadistic drives of the narrator; an ambivalent attitude toward nuptials; and the overdetermined symbolism of bleeding.
A Mediterranean Heterotopia: Gabriele Salvatores and the Poetics of “Fleeing”
Authors: Binetti Vincenzo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the film Mediterraneo, directed by Gabriele Salvatores, in order to problematize and renegotiate its apparent political and historical inconsistencies and contradictions. The film presents a narration of certain events that characterized the role of the Italian nation-state and the fascist regime in the conflict against Greece during World War II. But Salvatores avoids a linear, official, or objective representation of those historical events, and proposes instead a fragmented, subjective, and potentially subversive (re)reading of that period. The deterritorialized spatiality of a Mediterranean island becomes therefore, in this film, an emblematic space of autonomy where a newly formed community temporarily removes itself from the simplistic notions established by the logic of armed conflict. Salvatores thus questions and subverts the implications of a hegemonic, belligerent discourse perpetrated by the nation-states at war against each other.
Robust Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Integration of Bioprocess Design With Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Characterization
Authors: Silva Marta M. , Rodrigues Ana F. , Correia Cláudia , Sousa Marcos F.Q. , Brito Catarina , Coroadinha Ana S. , Serra Margarida , Alves Paula M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have an enormous potential as a source for cell replacement therapies, tissue engineering, and in vitro toxicology applications. The lack of standardized and robust bioprocesses for hESC expansion has hindered the application of hESCs and their derivatives in clinical settings. We developed a robust and well-characterized bioprocess for hESC expansion under fully defined conditions and explored the potential of transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for a more comprehensive assessment of culture system impact on cell proliferation, metabolism, and phenotype. Two different hESC lines (feeder-dependent and feeder-free lines) were efficiently expanded on xeno-free microcarriers in stirred culture systems. Both hESC lines maintained the expression of stemness markers such as Oct-4, Nanog, SSEA-4, and TRA1-60 and the ability to spontaneously differentiate into the three germ layers. Whole-genome transcriptome profiling revealed a phenotypic convergence between both hESC lines along the expansion process in stirred-tank bioreactor cultures, providing strong evidence of the robustness of the cultivation process to homogenize cellular phenotype. Under low-oxygen tension, results showed metabolic rearrangement with upregulation of the glycolytic machinery favoring an anaerobic glycolysis Warburg-effect-like phenotype, with no evidence of hypoxic stress response, in contrast to two-dimensional culture. Overall, we report a standardized expansion bioprocess that can guarantee maximal product quality. Furthermore, the “omics” tools used provided relevant findings on the physiological and metabolic changes during hESC expansion in environmentally controlled stirred-tank bioreactors, which can contribute to improved scale-up production systems.

Significance
The clinical application of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has been hindered by the lack of robust protocols able to sustain production of high cell numbers, as required for regenerative medicine. In this study, a strategy was developed for the expansion of human embryonic stem cells in well-defined culture conditions using microcarrier technology and stirred-tank bioreactors. The use of transcriptomic and metabolic tools allowed detailed characterization of the cell-based product and showed a phenotypic convergence between both hESC lines along the expansion process. This study provided valuable insights into the metabolic hallmarks of hPSC expansion and new information to guide bioprocess design and media optimization for the production of cells with higher quantity and improved quality, which are requisite for translation to the clinic.
Photosynthetic parameters in the northern South China Sea in relation to phytoplankton community structure
Authors: Xie Yuyuan , Huang Bangqin , Lin Lizhen , Laws Edward A. , Wang Lei , Shang Shaoling , Zhang Tinglu , Dai Minhan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMany recent models for retrieval of primary production in the sea from ocean‐color data are temperature based. But previous studies in low latitudes have shown that models that include phytoplankton community structure can have improved predictive capability. In this study, we measured photosynthetic parameters from photosynthesis‐irradiance (P‐E) experiments, phytoplankton absorption coefficients, and phytoplankton community structure derived from algal pigments during four cruises in the northern South China Sea (NSCS). The maximum quantum yield of CO2 (
) and the chlorophyll a‐normalized P‐E curve light‐limited slope (αB) varied significantly with the blue‐to‐red ratio of phytoplankton absorption peaks (aph(435)/aph(676)) (p < 0.001, r = −0.459 and −0.332, respectively). The unexplained variability could be due in part to the absorption associated with nonphotosynthetic pigments. The chlorophyll a‐normalized light‐saturated photosynthetic rate (
) at the surface showed a unimodal distribution over the chlorophyll a range during the spring and summer, and significantly increased when Prochlorococcus was outcompeted by other picophytoplankton (p < 0.01). Almost 60% of the variance of
could be explained by a piecewise regression with phytoplankton absorption coefficients and pigment markers. Unlike previous studies, our data showed that changes of
were unrelated to the size structure of phytoplankton. Although a temperature‐based approach could not effectively predict αB and
in the NSCS, a trophic‐based approach can be used for assignment of these parameters in a regional primary production model using ocean‐color data.
Isolating effects of terrain and soil moisture heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer: Idealized simulations to diagnose land‐atmosphere feedbacks
Authors: Rihani Jehan F. , Chow Fotini K. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe effects of terrain, soil moisture heterogeneity, subsurface properties, and water table dynamics on the development and behavior of the atmospheric boundary layer are studied through a set of idealized numerical experiments. The mesoscale atmospheric model Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) is used to isolate the effects of subsurface heterogeneity, terrain, and soil moisture initialization. The simulations are initialized with detailed soil moisture distributions obtained from offline spin‐ups using a coupled surface‐subsurface model (ParFlow‐CLM). In these idealized simulations, we observe that terrain effects dominate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) development during early morning hours, while the soil moisture signature overcomes that of terrain during the afternoon. Water table and subsurface properties produce a similar effect as that of soil moisture as their signatures (reflected in soil moisture profiles, energy fluxes, and evaporation at the land surface) can also overcome that of terrain during afternoon hours. This is mostly clear for land surface energy fluxes and evaporation at the land surface. We also observe the coupling between water table depth and planetary boundary layer depth in our cases is strongest within wet‐to‐dry transition zones. This extends the findings of previous studies which demonstrate the subsurface connection to surface energy fluxes is strongest in such transition zones. We investigate how this connection extends into the atmosphere and can affect the structure and development of the convective boundary layer.
A heuristic evaluation of long‐term global sea level acceleration
Authors: Spada Giorgio , Olivieri Marco , Galassi Gaia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn view of the scientific and social implications, the global mean sea level rise (GMSLR) and its possible causes and future trend have been a challenge for so long. For the twentieth century, reconstructions generally indicate a rate of GMSLR in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 mm yr−1. However, the existence of nonlinear trends is still debated, and current estimates of the secular acceleration are subject to ample uncertainties. Here we use various GMSLR estimates published on scholarly journals since the 1940s for a heuristic assessment of global sea level acceleration. The approach, alternative to sea level reconstructions, is based on simple statistical methods and exploits the principles of meta‐analysis. Our results point to a global sea level acceleration of 0.54 ± 0.27 mm/yr/century (1σ) between 1898 and 1975. This supports independent estimates and suggests that a sea level acceleration since the early 1900s is more likely than currently believed.
Material transport across Europa's ice shell
Authors: Allu Peddinti Divya , McNamara Allen K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractJupiter's moon Europa exhibits a deformed icy surface with salt deposits concentrated along the varied geological features. The topographic alignment of salt deposits has been speculated to indicate an endogenic sourcing of the material. Two‐way transport of salts from a liquid‐water ocean beneath the ice shell to the surface, and vice versa, has been speculated. We present dynamical models that demonstrate the incorporation of newly frozen ice into convective plumes within the ice shell, caused by convection within the ice shell that drives dynamic topography along the ice‐ocean boundary. The new ice that forms at the freezing front can be transported by the rising ice plumes toward the surface until it is blocked by a high‐viscosity lid at the surface. Weakening of the lid by tidal or tectonic forces could then lead to the surface detection of ocean trace chemistry captured in the newly formed ice.
Revising midlatitude summer temperatures back to A.D. 600 based on a wood density network
Authors: Schneider Lea , Smerdon Jason E. , Büntgen Ulf , Wilson Rob J. S. , Myglan Vladimir S. , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Esper Jan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnnually resolved and millennium‐long reconstructions of large‐scale temperature variability are primarily composed of tree ring width (TRW) chronologies. Changes in ring width, however, have recently been shown to bias the ratio between low‐ and high‐frequency signals. To overcome limitations in capturing the full spectrum of past temperature variability, we present a network of 15 maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies distributed across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Independent subsets of continental‐scale records consistently reveal high MXD before 1580 and after 1910, with below average values between these periods. Reconstructed extratropical summer temperatures reflect not only these long‐term trends but also distinct cooling pulses after large volcanic eruptions. In contrast to TRW‐dominated reconstructions, this MXD‐based record indicates a delayed onset of the Little Ice Age by almost two centuries. The reduced memory inherent in MXD is likely responsible for the rapid recovery from volcanic‐induced cooling in the fourteenth century and the continuation of warmer temperatures until ~1600.
What is the nature of magnetosheath FTEs?
Authors: Roux Alain , Robert Patrick , Fontaine Dominique , Contel Olivier Le , Canu Patrick , Louarn Philippe 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCluster multipoint measurements are used to study two successive magnetosheath flux transfer events (FTEs). Magnetic field lines in the leading region are found to be closed magnetospheric field lines. For event 1 these field lines are wounded up by a large current structure oriented eastward and moving poleward. Conversely, the trailing region corresponds to opened magnetic field lines. For both events the leading edge of the FTEs is a tangential discontinuity separating the magnetosheath from closed field lines. In the case of event 1 magnetosheath ions are accelerated through the FTE trailing edge via a rotational discontinuity and penetrate on closed field lines through a second discontinuity. Thus, the ion jet is accelerated equatorward of the spacecraft but the backtracking of the discontinuities and the lack of dispersion show that ion acceleration occurs at less than 2 RE from Cluster. On the other hand the extrapolation forward indicates that the FTE bulge steepens as in simulations of Dorelli and Bhattacharjee (). Evidence is given for the penetration of magnetosheath ions inside the core of the FTE, on closed field lines. Magnetosheath electrons are accelerated in parallel and antiparallel directions on open and on closed field lines, thus breaking the frozen‐in condition. Event 2 is also split in two distinct regions but no evidence is found for accelerated bidirectional magnetosheath electrons. For event 2 the two discontinuities at the trailing region are stacked together when they are crossed by the spacecraft, suggesting that the current splitting is a reconnection signature.
Lower thermospheric response to atmospheric gravity waves induced by the 2011 Tohoku tsunami
Authors: Yu Yonghui , Yan Zhiyu , Hickey Michael P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrevious GPS observations have revealed that while ionospheric TIDs were seen propagating in all directions away from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake epicenter, the total electron content (TEC) fluctuations associated with the subsequent tsunami were largest for waves propagating toward the northwest of the epicenter. Ionospheric motions observed approximately 10 min after the earthquake were attributed to fast acoustic waves directly produced by the earthquake. Waves that first appeared about 40 min after the tsunami onset in TEC measurements were attributed to atmospheric gravity waves. In this paper, we conjecture that the remarkably different responses observed for the eastward and westward propagating waves noted in previous observations can be explained by the different ocean depths associated with the two directions of travel and by the effects of the mean winds. The former has consequences for the generated gravity waves (wave spectrum), while their combination has consequences for the ability of the waves to propagate to higher altitudes. Because the ocean depth to the east of the epicenter is greater than that to the west, the eastward propagating tsunami travels faster than the westward propagating tsunami; and hence, the eastward propagating gravity waves that are generated will be faster than the westward waves. We demonstrate that the faster eastward waves encounter regions of evanescence that inhibits their upward propagation, with the result that the westward propagating waves reach the lower thermosphere sooner and with much larger amplitudes than those of the eastward propagating waves. However, at much higher altitudes the slower westward propagating waves are severely damped by viscosity, with the result that only the eastward propagating waves survive to F region altitudes. These results are clearly seen in our full‐wave model simulations and also in the evolution of the wave momentum flux calculated using our 2‐D, time‐dependent model.
Response of the ionospheric convection reversal boundary at high latitudes to changes in the interplanetary magnetic field
Authors: Chen Y.‐J. , Heelis R. A. , Cumnock J. A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper we present a systematic study of the location of the convection reversal boundary for southward interplanetary magnetic field by using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 and F15 spacecraft measurements during local summer seasons from 2000 to 2007 for both hemispheres. All the convection reversal boundaries are identified pass bypass by locating the highest‐latitude location where the plasma flow shows a large‐scale two‐cell pattern and reverses direction from sunward to antisunward. The location of the convection reversal boundaries are placed into 10 different categories based on By and the magnitude of southward Bz. Observations suggest that (1) the location of the boundary is well organized by the magnitude of Bz, being at lower latitudes for stronger negative Bz and also organized by the polarity of By, moving toward the dawnside/duskside when By changes from negative to positive in the northern/southern hemisphere; (2) the average latitudinal movement of the boundary associated with By changes is comparable to the average movement of the boundary with Bz changes; (3) an initial reconfiguration of the boundary near local noon is redistributed around the dawnside or duskside dependent on the direction of By; and (4) the boundary has a general spiral shape, which varies depending on Bz and By.
Solar wind plasma interaction with Gerasimovich lunar magnetic anomaly
Authors: Fatemi Shahab , Lue Charles , Holmström Mats , Poppe Andrew R. , Wieser Martin , Barabash Stas , Delory Gregory T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe present the results of the first local hybrid simulations (particle ions and fluid electrons) for the solar wind plasma interaction with realistic lunar crustal fields. We use a three‐dimensional hybrid model of plasma and an empirical model of the Gerasimovich magnetic anomaly based on Lunar Prospector observations. We examine the effects of low and high solar wind dynamic pressures on this interaction when the Gerasimovich magnetic anomaly is located at nearly 20∘ solar zenith angle. We find that for low solar wind dynamic pressure, the crustal fields mostly deflect the solar wind plasma, form a plasma void at very close distances to the Moon (below 20 km above the surface), and reflect nearly 5% of the solar wind in charged form. In contrast, during high solar wind dynamic pressure, the crustal fields are more compressed, the solar wind is less deflected, and the lunar surface is less shielded from impinging solar wind flux, but the solar wind ion reflection is more locally intensified (up to 25%) compared to low dynamic pressures. The difference is associated with an electrostatic potential that forms over the Gerasimovich magnetic anomaly as well as the effects of solar wind plasma on the crustal fields during low and high dynamic pressures. Finally, we show that an antimoonward Hall electric field is the dominant electric field for ∼3 km altitude and higher, and an ambipolar electric field has a noticeable contribution to the electric field at close distances (<3 km) to the Moon.