bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triptan use after starting prophylactic migraine treatment: A retrospective cohort study in a primary care population
Authors: Smelt Antonia FH , Assendelft Willem JJ , van Dijk Christel E , Blom Jeanet W 
Published: February 2014

Background Clinical trials on the prophylactic effect of propranolol and metoprolol for migraine show that starting this medication leads to a decrease in the use of attack medication of 0.9–8.9 doses per month. However, studies in daily practice are lacking. Methods We compared the number of triptans prescribed in the six months before and the six months after the start of propranolol/metoprolol in a Dutch national representative primary care cohort. Results Of the 168 triptan-using patients who started with propranolol or metoprolol, the number of triptans prescribed before starting was 4.6 doses per month. The number of triptans prescribed six months before compared with six months after starting propranolol/metoprolol decreased with 1.0 dose per month (Wilcoxon rank test; p = 0.000). Conclusion In this primary care population, although the number of triptans prescribed decreased after starting propranolol or metoprolol, the decrease is relatively small compared to data from clinical trials.
Community-based newborn hearing screening programme for early detection of permanent hearing loss in Iran: An eight-year cross-sectional study from 2005 to 2012
Authors: Firoozbakht Mohsen , Mahmoudian Saeid , Alaeddini Farshid , Esmaeilzadeh Mansour , Rafiei Minoo , Firouzbakht Aryan , Rahimi Farzad , Farhadi Mohammad 
Published: February 2014

Objectives We here present the results of the first eight years of the newborn hearing screening programme in Iran, with a view to establishing the prevalence of hearing impairment among infants, and the efficacy of the programme. Methods A total of 3,350,995 infants were screened using the series method of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs)/automated auditory brainstem responses (AABRs), between 2005 and 2012. The infants were first tested for TEOAEs (three times). Based on the results of this test, the positive cases were referred to the next stage, where they were tested for AABRs. If they also tested positive on AABRs, they were referred to the diagnostic and rehabilitation stages. Results Results of this study indicated an infant hearing impairment prevalence of 3 per 1000. Although this rate was as high as 5 per 1000 in the early years of the programme, it decreased to 2.6 per 1000 in the last year. The absolute referral rate was 14.5% in the first stage, which decreased to 0.9% and 0.2% in the second and the third stages, respectively. The follow-up rate was 70% in the first stage, which increased up to 73% and 85% in the second and the third stages, respectively. Conclusion The study results suggest that the prevalence of hearing impairment in infants in Iran is comparable with that in developed and developing countries, and that the series TEOAEs/AABRs method used in the screening programme in Iran is efficient.
Suicide literacy, suicide stigma and help-seeking intentions in Australian medical students
Authors: Chan Wen I , Batterham Philip , Christensen Helen , Galletly Cherrie 
Published: February 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure levels of suicide literacy and stigma amongst Australian medical students in comparison to a general university population, and to assess medical students’ help-seeking intentions. Method: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 165 currently-enrolled Australian National University (ANU) postgraduate medical students and 54 final year undergraduate medical students at the University of Adelaide. These samples were compared to another sample of 676 general members of the ANU, undertaken six months earlier. Results: Final year postgraduate and undergraduate students had significantly higher levels of mental health literacy (measured using the Literacy of Suicide Scale) than other medical students or general university staff and students. Suicide stigma (measured using the Stigma of Suicide Scale) was comparable across the samples. Less exposure to suicide was associated with greater stigma and increased intentions of informal help seeking. Students who normalised suicide had significantly lower intentions of seeking help for thoughts of suicide. Conclusions: The findings indicate that exposure to suicidal people through clinical experience may improve knowledge about suicide but may lead to more negative attitudes toward informal help-seeking. The suicide prevention curriculum should aim to raise mental health literacy levels, reduce stigmatising attitudes and limit the normalisation of suicide.
Unauthorised absences from leave from an Australian security hospital
Authors: Scott Russ , Goel Vikram , Neillie Darren , Stedman Terry , Meehan Tom 
Published: February 2014

Objective: To consider incidents relating to absences without permission from authorised leave from a security hospital. Method: A retrospective audit over a 10-year period of all critical incidents relating to leave from the High Security Inpatient Services, Brisbane, Australia. Results: There has been a low incidence of patients absenting themselves without permission from leave. Of the 12 patients who went absent without permission over the 10-year study period, only one patient was reported to have committed an offence and no patient seriously self-harmed. Conclusions: Attention to patient selection and risk management strategies have been effective in minimising the risk to patients and to the community as a direct result of absences without permission from authorised leave.
Comparison of short-term outcome of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity: A prospective randomized controlled multicenter SLEEVEPASS study with 6-month follow-up
Authors: Helmiö M. , Victorzon M. , Ovaska J. , Leivonen M. , Juuti A. , Peromaa-Haavisto P. , Nuutila P. , Vahlberg T. , Salminen P. 
Published: February 2014

Background and Aims: The long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in the treatment of morbid obesity has already been demonstrated. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has shown promising short-term results, but the long-term efficacy is still unclear. The aim of this prospective randomized multicenter study is to compare the results of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. Material and Methods: A total of 240 morbidly obese patients were randomized to undergo either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy. The primary end point of study was weight loss, and the secondary end points were resolution of comorbidities and morbidity. The short-term results at 6 months were analyzed. Results: The mean excess weight loss at 6 months was 49.2% in the sleeve gastrectomy group and 52.9% in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (p = 0.086). Type 2 diabetes was resolved or improved in 84.3% of patients in the sleeve gastrectomy group and 93.3% in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group (p = 0.585). The corresponding results for arterial hypertension were 76.8% and 81.9% (p = 0.707) and for hypercholesterolemia 64.1% and 69.0% (p = 0.485). There was no mortality at 6 months. There was one major complication following sleeve gastrectomy and two after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (p = 0.531). Eight sleeve gastrectomy patients and 11 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients had minor complications (p = 0.403). Conclusion: The short-term results of sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass regarding weight loss, resolution of obesity-related comorbidities and complications were not different at 6 months.
Treatment of Postoperative Lower Extremity Wounds Using Human Fibroblast–Derived Dermis
Authors: Carlson Russell M. , Smith Nicholas C. , Dux Katherine , Stuck Rodney M. 
Published: February 2014

Human fibroblast–derived dermis skin substitute is a well-studied treatment for diabetic foot ulcers; however, no case series currently exist for its use in healing postoperative wounds of the lower extremity. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 32 lower extremity postoperative wounds treated weekly with human fibroblast–derived dermis skin substitute. Postoperative wounds were defined as a wound resulting from an open partial foot amputation, surgical wound dehiscence, or nonhealing surgical wound of the lower extremity. Wound surface area was calculated at 4 and 12 weeks or until wound closure if prior to 12 weeks. Postoperative wounds treated with weekly applications showed mean improvement in surface area reduction of 63.6% at 4 weeks and 96.1% at 12 weeks. More than 56% of all wounds healed prior to the 12-week endpoint. Additionally, only one adverse event was noted in this group. This retrospective review supports the use of human fibroblast–derived dermis skin substitute in the treatment of postoperative lower extremity wounds. This advanced wound care therapy aids in decreased total healing time and increased rate of healing for not only diabetic foot wounds but also postoperative wounds of the lower extremity, as demonstrated by this retrospective review. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series, retrospective
Control of blood proteins by functional disulfide bonds
Authors: Butera Diego , Cook Kristina M. , Chiu Joyce , Wong Jason W. H. , Hogg Philip J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMost proteins in nature are chemically modified after they are made to control how, when, and where they function. The 3 core features of proteins are posttranslationally modified: amino acid side chains can be modified, peptide bonds can be cleaved or isomerized, and disulfide bonds can be cleaved. Cleavage of peptide bonds is a major mechanism of protein control in the circulation, as exemplified by activation of the blood coagulation and complement zymogens. Cleavage of disulfide bonds is emerging as another important mechanism of protein control in the circulation. Recent advances in our understanding of control of soluble blood proteins and blood cell receptors by functional disulfide bonds is discussed as is how these bonds are being identified and studied.
Multidisciplinary team management in thoracic oncology: more than just a concept?
Authors: Powell Helen A. , Baldwin David R. 
Published: February 2014

Multidisciplinary team (MDT) management in thoracic oncology has been introduced over the past two decades with the aim of improving outcomes for patients. While MDT management has become the standard of care in some countries, not all healthcare systems have adopted this practice. In this article we review the history and implementation of MDT care in thoracic oncology and explore the evidence for, and challenges associated with, this system of working.There are many advantages of an MDT both to the patient, the clinicians and the wider population, but it is difficult to demonstrate a beneficial effect on outcomes such as treatment rates or survival given the substantial number of coexistent changes in the management of thoracic malignancies over the same time period. There are also some disadvantages associated with MDT working, particularly the costs of setting up the service and the time commitment from each of the healthcare professionals involved. Barriers to effective MDT working include poor attendance by some specialists, inadequate preparation and poor quality information about the patient. Variation in quality of MDTs has been reported so it is important that practice is monitored and areas for improvement identified.
Clinical implications in the shift of syndecan-1 expression from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm in bladder cancer
Authors: Miyake Makito , Lawton Adrienne , Dai Yunfeng , Chang Myron , Mengual Lourdes , Alcaraz Antonio , Goodison Steve , Rosser Charles J 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the diagnostic and prognostic capability of urinary and tumoral syndecan-1 (SDC-1) levels in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder.MethodsSDC-1 levels were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 308 subjects (102 cancer subjects and 206 non-cancer subjects) to assess its diagnostic capabilities in voided urine. The performance of SDC-1 was evaluated using the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristic curve. In addition, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining assessed SDC-1 protein expression in 193 bladder specimens (185 cancer subjects and 8 non-cancer subjects). Outcomes were correlated to SDC-1 levels.ResultsMean urinary levels of SDC-1 did not differ between the cancer subjects and the non-cancer subjects, however, the mean urinary levels of SDC-1 were reduced in high-grade compared to low-grade disease (p < 0.0001), and in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) compared to non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (p = 0.005). Correspondingly, preliminary data note a shift from a membranous cellular localization of SDC-1 in normal tissue, low-grade tumors and NMIBC, to a distinctly cytoplasmic localization in high-grade tumors and MIBC was observed in tissue specimens.ConclusionAlone urinary SDC-1 may not be a diagnostic biomarker for bladder cancer, but its urinary levels and cellular localization were associated with the differentiation status of patients with bladder tumors. Further studies are warranted to define the potential role for SDC-1 in bladder cancer progression.
Application of Bother in patient reported outcomes instruments across cultures
Authors: Gawlicki Mary C , McKown Shawn M , Talbert Matthew J , Brandt Barbara A 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to determine the applicability of the termbother,as used in Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) instruments that will be translated into foreign languages from English for the United States.Botheris versatile in English for the U.S., in that it can describe negative mental states and physical sensations, as well as social disturbances.Botherhas many different meanings across cultures, due to this versatility. Alternatives forbotherwere explored for future PRO instrument development.MethodsA PRO instrument used to evaluate the degree ofbotherresulting from psoriasis was analyzed. This disease can negatively impact patients physically, emotionally and socially. Translations ofbotherwere analyzed to determine its meaning when translated into other languages. Cognitive debriefing was conducted on psoriasis patients with the instrument containingbother.Following cognitive debriefing, a questionnaire was distributed to linguists and cognitive debriefing subjects to collect definitions ofbotherin each target language, and detail any difficulty with translation.To establish alternatives tobotherand demonstrate the breakdown of concepts withinbother, translations of the Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) were analyzed. This instrument was selected for its focus on psoriasis and use of terminology that lacks the ambiguity ofbother.ResultsAn analysis of back-translations revealed thatbotheryielded a back-translation that was conceptually different from the source 20% of the time (5/26). Analysis of alternative terminology found in the DLQI revealed much greater conceptual equivalence when translated into other languages.ConclusionWhen developing the wording of PRO instruments, the terminology chosen should be applicable across languages to allow for international pooling and comparison of data. While all linguists and subjects of cognitive debriefing understoodbotherto have a negative connotation, a large variety of definitions and synonyms provided across languages showed a lack of conceptual equivalence. Ambiguity of the term across cultures may result in variation in translation, impacting subsequent international data pooling. Analysis of alternatives revealed that measurement of unambiguous terminology produces the greatest conceptual equivalency across languages and cultures.
A comparison of various noncommuting conditions in metric fixed point theory and their applications
Authors: Agarwal Ravi P , Bisht Ravindra K , Shahzad Naseer 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a survey that aims to provide a brief historical account of the development through the definitions and comparison of weaker forms of commuting mappings set brought together from some applications oriented point of view.MSC:47H10, 54H25, 41A50.
A primary-school-based study to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity – the EdAl (Educació en Alimentació) study: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tarro Lucia , Llauradó Elisabet , Albaladejo Rosa , Moriña David , Arija Victoria , Solà Rosa , Giralt Montse 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Obesity is one of the main determinants of avoidable disease burden.
To implement a program by university students acting as “health promoting agents” (HPAs) and to evaluate the effects on obesity prevalence of the primary-school-based program that promotes healthy lifestyle, including dietary and physical activity recommendations over 28 months.

Methods
Two school clusters were randomly assigned to intervention (24 schools, 1,222 pupils) or control (14 schools, 717 pupils); 78% of pupils were Western European. Mean age (±SD) was 8.4 ± 0.6 years (49.9% females) at baseline. Generalized linear mixed models were used to analyze differences in primary outcome between both groups. Data collected included body mass index (BMI) every year. Dietary habits and lifestyle questionnaires were filled in by the parents at baseline and at the end of the study. The interventions focused on eight lifestyle topics covered in 12 activities (1 hour/activity/session) implemented by HPAs over 3 school academic years.

Results
At 28 months, obesity prevalence in boys was decreased −2.36% in the intervention group (from 9.59% to 7.23%) and increased 2.03% (from 7.40% to 9.43%) in the control group; the difference was 4.39% (95% CI 3.48 to 5.30; P = 0.01). The boys in the intervention group had an effective reduction of −0.24 units in the change of BMI z-score (from 0.01 to −0.04), compared to control (from −0.10 to 0.09); 5.1% more intervention pupils undertook physical activity >5 hours/week than control pupils (P = 0.02).
Fish consumption was a protector (odds ratio 0.39; 95% CI 0.23 to 0.67) while “fast-food” consumption was a risk factor for childhood obesity (odds ratio: 2.27; 95% CI 1.08 to 4.77).

Conclusions
Our school-based program, conducted by HPA students, successfully reduced childhood obesity prevalence in boys.

Trial registration
International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN29247645.
Stirring time effect of silver nanoparticles prepared in glutathione mediated by green method
Authors: Balavandy Sepideh Keshan , Shameli Kamyar , Biak Dayang Radiah Binti Awang , Abidin Zurina Zainal 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
This study aims to investigate the influence of different stirring time for synthesis of silver nanoparticles in glutathione (GSH) aqueous solution. The silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were prepared by green synthesis method using GSH as reducing agent and stabilizer, under moderate temperature at different stirring times. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) was taken as the metal precursor while Ag-NPs were prepared in the over reaction time.

Results
Formation of Ag-NPs was determined by UV–vis spectroscopy where surface plasmon absorption maxima can be observed at 344–354 nm from the UV–vis spectrum. The synthesized nanoparticles were also characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The peaks in the XRD pattern confirmed that the Ag-NPs possessed a face-centered cubic and peaks of contaminated crystalline phases were unable to be located. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that Ag-NPs synthesized were in spherical shape. Zeta potential results indicate that the stability of the Ag-NPs is increases at the 72 h stirring time of reaction comparison to GSH. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum suggested the complexation present between GSH and Ag-NPs. The use of green chemistry reagents, such as peptide, provides green and economic features to this work.

Conclusions
Ag-NPs were successfully synthesized in GSH aqueous solution under moderate temperature at different stirring times. The study clearly showed that the Ag-NPs synthesized in the long times of stirring, thus, the kinetic of GSH reaction is very slow. TEM results shows that with the increase of stirring times the mean particle size of Ag-NPs become increases. The FT-IR spectrum suggested the complexation present between GSH and Ag-NPs. These suggest that Ag-NPs can be employed as an effective bacteria inhibitor and can be applied in medical field.
Reliability and concurrent validity of a novel method allowing for in‐shoe measurement of navicular drop
Authors: Christensen Birgitte H , Andersen Kathrine S , Pedersen Kristina S , Bengtsen Britt S , Simonsen Ole , Kappel Simon L , Rathleff Michael S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreased navicular drop is associated with increased risk of lower extremity overuse injuries and foot orthoses are often prescribed to reduce navicular drop. For laboratory studies, transparent shoes may be used to monitor the effect of orthoses but no clinically feasible methods exist. We have developed a stretch‐sensor that allows for in‐shoe measurement of navicular drop but the reliability and validity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate: 1) the reliability of the stretch‐sensor for measuring navicular drop, and 2) the concurrent validity of the stretch‐sensor compared to the static navicular drop test.MethodsIntra‐ and inter‐rater reliability was tested on 27 participants walking on a treadmill on two separate days. The stretch‐sensor was positioned 20 mm posterior to the tip of the medial malleolus and 20 mm posterior to the navicular tuberosity. The participants walked six minutes on the treadmill before navicular drop was measured. Reliability was quantified by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 2.1) and agreement was quantified by Limits of Agreement (LOA). To assess concurrent validity, static navicular drop was measured with the stretch‐sensor and compared with static navicular drop measured with a ruler on 27 new participants. Linear regression was used to measure concurrent validity.ResultsThe reliability of the stretch‐sensor was acceptable for barefoot measurement (intra‐ and inter‐rater ICC: 0.76‐0.84) but lower for in‐shoe measurement (ICC: 0.65). There was a significant association between static navicular drop measured with the stretch‐sensor compared with a ruler (r = 0.745, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study suggests that the stretch‐sensor has acceptable reliability for dynamic barefoot measurement of navicular drop. Furthermore, the stretch‐sensor shows concurrent validity compared with the static navicular drop test as performed by Brody. This new simple method may hold promise for both clinical assessment and research but more work is needed before the method can be recommended.