bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Room Temperature Synthesis of Cu2O Nanospheres: Optical Properties and Thermal Behavior
Authors: Nunes Daniela , Santos Lídia , Duarte Paulo , Pimentel Ana , Pinto Joana V. , Barquinha Pedro , Carvalho Patrícia A. , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe present work reports a simple and easy wet chemistry synthesis of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanospheres at room temperature without surfactants and using different precursors. Structural characterization was carried out by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with focused ion beam and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The optical band gaps were determined from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photoluminescence behavior of the as-synthesized nanospheres showed significant differences depending on the precursors used. The Cu2O nanospheres were constituted by aggregates of nanocrystals, in which an on/off emission behavior of each individual nanocrystal was identified during transmission electron microscopy observations. The thermal behavior of the Cu2O nanospheres was investigated with in situ X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Remarkable structural differences were observed for the nanospheres annealed in air, which turned into hollow spherical structures surrounded by outsized nanocrystals.
Erratum: The social structure of microbial community involved in colonization resistance
Authors: He Xuesong , McLean Jeffrey S , Guo Lihong , Lux Renate , Shi Wenyuan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Correction to: The ISME Journal (2014) 8, 564–574; doi:10.1038/ismej.2013.172; published online 3 October 2013 Since the publication of this article, the authors have identified an omission in the ‘Conflict of Interest’ section. The missing statement is as follows: Dr Wenyuan Shi is a part time Chief Science Officer of C3 Jian Inc.
Shaping complex microwave fields in reverberating media with binary tunable metasurfaces
Authors: Kaina Nadège , Dupré Matthieu , Lerosey Geoffroy , Fink Mathias 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article we propose to use electronically tunable metasurfaces as spatial microwave modulators. We demonstrate that like spatial light modulators, which have been recently proved to be ideal tools for controlling light propagation through multiple scattering media, spatial microwave modulators can efficiently shape in a passive way complex existing microwave fields in reverberating environments with a non-coherent energy feedback. Unlike in free space, we establish that a binary-only phase state tunable metasurface allows a very good control over the waves, owing to the random nature of the electromagnetic fields in these complex media. We prove in an everyday reverberating medium, that is, a typical office room, that a small spatial microwave modulator placed on the walls can passively increase the wireless transmission between two antennas by an order of magnitude, or on the contrary completely cancel it. Interestingly and contrary to free space, we show that this results in an isotropic shaped microwave field around the receiving antenna, which we attribute again to the reverberant nature of the propagation medium. We expect that spatial microwave modulators will be interesting tools for fundamental physics and will have applications in the field of wireless communications.
(R,S)-Tetrahydropapaveroline production by stepwise fermentation using engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Nakagawa Akira , Matsuzaki Chiaki , Matsumura Eitaro , Koyanagi Takashi , Katayama Takane , Yamamoto Kenji , Sato Fumihiko , Kumagai Hidehiko , Minami Hiromichi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) found in diverse pharmaceutical compounds, is used as a starting material for the production of BIA. THP also has various neurobiological properties but is difficult to synthesize. Therefore, a simple method for THP production is desired. Recent studies have shown that microbes, especially bacteria, can serve as platforms for synthesizing these complex compounds; however, because bacteria lack organelles, the designed synthetic pathway cannot be compartmentalized. Thus, the metabolic flow is frequently inhibited or disrupted by undesirable reactions. Indeed, in the first attempt to synthesize THP using a single strain of engineered Escherichia coli, the yield was quite low (<5 μM), mainly because of the oxidation of THP by tyrosinase, an essential enzyme in our production system. To circumvent these problems, we constructed a stepwise (R,S)-THP production system, in which the dopamine-producing step and the subsequent THP-producing step were separated. The yield of (R,S)-THP reached 1.0 mM (287 mg/L), the highest yielding BIA production method using a microbe reported to date. Furthermore, we demonstrated that (R,S)-THP produced by stepwise fermentation is useful for the production of reticuline, an important BIAs intermediate. Based on these observations, applying the stepwise fermentation method is discussed.
The common functional FKBP5 variant rs1360780 is associated with altered cognitive function in aged individuals
Authors: Fujii Takashi , Ota Miho , Hori Hiroaki , Hattori Kotaro , Teraishi Toshiya , Matsuo Junko , Kinoshita Yukiko , Ishida Ikki , Nagashima Anna , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1360780 (C/T) of the FK506 Binding Protein 5 (FKBP5) gene has been reported to be associated with an altered response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the development of stress-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In the present study, we examined whether this SNP is associated with cognitive function in a non-clinical population. The full versions of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised were administered to 742 and 627 Japanese individuals, respectively, followed by genotyping of rs1360780 by the TaqMan 5′-exonuclease allelic discrimination assay. For both cognitive tests, we found significantly poorer attention/concentration (working memory) in aged (>50 years old) individuals carrying the T allele compared with their counterparts. This finding accords with an altered HPA axis and vulnerability to stress-related psychiatric disorders.
Transplantation of prokaryotic two-component signaling pathways into mammalian cells
Authors: Hansen Jonathan , Mailand Erik , Swaminathan Krishna Kumar , Schreiber Joerg , Angelici Bartolomeo , Benenson Yaakov 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Synthetic biology and genetic engineering would greatly benefit from engineered genetic elements that are orthogonal to the host in which they operate. Two-component signaling pathways are the prevalent signal processing modality in prokaryotes that is also found in low eukaryotes and plants but absent from vertebrate cells. Here we investigate whether the elements of prokaryotic two-component pathways are operational in mammalian cells. We find that the core biochemical processes are maintained, whereas the capacity to sense chemical ligands is diminished or obscured. We use the pathways for multiinput gene regulation and show that they can serve as a rich source of orthogonal building blocks for gene expression control in mammalian cells. Our findings open new avenues in synthetic circuit design.
WWOX, the common fragile site FRA16D gene product, regulates ATM activation and the DNA damage response
Authors: Abu-Odeh Mohammad , Salah Zaidoun , Herbel Christoph , Hofmann Thomas G. , Aqeilan Rami I. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Genomic instability is a hallmark of human cancers. Common fragile sites (CFSs) pose nonrandom, preferential targets of genomic instability, such as chromosome breaks, in response to replicative stress. The tumor suppressor WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) spans the CFS FRA16D and has been implicated in carcinogenesis by a currently unknown mechanism. In this study, we identify a direct role of WWOX in DNA damage response, which is a major antagonist of genomic instability. We show that WWOX maintains genomic stability and regulates DNA repair by modulating the activity of the DNA damage checkpoint kinase ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM). Our findings provide evidence that a fragile gene product is directly involved in the response to DNA damage, suggesting a rationale for its preferential loss during carcinogenesis.
Proteolytic control of neurite outgrowth inhibitor NOGO-A by the cAMP/PKA pathway
Authors: Sepe Maria , Lignitto Luca , Porpora Monia , Delle Donne Rossella , Rinaldi Laura , Belgianni Giuseppe , Colucci Gianna , Cuomo Ornella , Viggiano Davide , Scorziello Antonella , Garbi Corrado , Annunziato Lucio , Feliciello Antonio 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceDamage of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurodegenerative disorders represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. An injured CNS is unable to regenerate dendritic or neurite connections because they spontaneously occur in the peripheral nervous system. Inhibitory influences of the glial cells and of myelin-associated inhibitors oppose the spontaneous regeneration of CNS neurons. Here, we identify a positive mechanism of neuronal differentiation, which acts in response to activation of intracellular pathway(s) to remove an inhibitory constraint of neurite outgrowth. Unveiling the molecular events regulating the regenerative capacity of neurons will impact on therapeutic initiatives to stem the course of brain damage or neurodegeneration.
Compartmentalization of the protein repair machinery in photosynthetic membranes
Authors: Puthiyaveetil Sujith , Tsabari Onie , Lowry Troy , Lenhert Steven , Lewis Robert R. , Reich Ziv , Kirchhoff Helmut 
Published: October 2014

Significance
The fitness and robustness of plants crucially depend on the molecular repair of the vulnerable photosystem II (PS II) supercomplex, embedded in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes. To maintain photosynthetic performance, plants evolved an efficient multistep PS II repair cycle. The PS II repair cycle relies on a well-defined order of reactions and partial separation of individual repair steps. By combining biochemical, spectroscopic, and ultrastructural techniques, we discover that plants establish reaction order and separation by confinement of the enzymes that catalyze the individual steps to spatially separated thylakoid subcompartments—grana, grana margins, and stroma lamellae—formed by the stacked membranes. Structural flexibility of the thylakoid architecture allows controlled access of the damaged PS II by the repair machinery.
Kinetic evidence against partitioning of the ubiquinone pool and the catalytic relevance of respiratory-chain supercomplexes
Authors: Blaza James N. , Serreli Riccardo , Jones Andrew J. Y. , Mohammed Khairunnisa , Hirst Judy 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Mitochondria produce ATP by using respiration to drive ATP synthase. Respiration is catalyzed by several membrane-bound complexes that are structurally organized into supercomplex assemblies. Supercomplexes have been proposed to confer a catalytic advantage by channeling of substrates between enzymes in the assemblies. Here, we test three simple predictions of the behavior of the mammalian respiratory chain that depend on whether channeling in supercomplexes is kinetically important and show that it is not. We reinterpret previous data taken to support substrate channeling and reveal an alternative explanation for these data. Finally, we discuss alternative proposals for why the respiratory-chain complexes have evolved to form supercomplex structures.
Cog5–Cog7 crystal structure reveals interactions essential for the function of a multisubunit tethering complex
Authors: Ha Jun Yong , Pokrovskaya Irina D. , Climer Leslie K. , Shimamura Gregory R. , Kudlyk Tetyana , Jeffrey Philip D. , Lupashin Vladimir V. , Hughson Frederick M. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceIn all eukaryotes, the docking and fusion of the vesicles that mediate intracellular trafficking requires multisubunit tethering complexes (MTCs). MTCs are thought to mediate the initial interaction between the vesicle and its target membrane and to orchestrate the assembly of the protein fusion machinery. The largest family of MTCs—of which the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex is a well-studied member—has been recalcitrant to structural characterization, presumably owing to the size and intrinsic flexibility of the complexes and their constituent subunits. Here we report the initial characterization of subunit interactions within the COG complex by X-ray crystallography. Mutations in the conserved intersubunit interface may be responsible for human congenital glycosylation disorders.
Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress
Authors: Hodes Georgia E. , Pfau Madeline L. , Leboeuf Marylene , Golden Sam A. , Christoffel Daniel J. , Bregman Dana , Rebusi Nicole , Heshmati Mitra , Aleyasin Hossein , Warren Brandon L. , Labonté Benoit , Horn Sarah , Lapidus Kyle A. , Stelzhammer Viktoria , Wong Erik H. F. , Bahn Sabine , Krishnan Vaishnav , Bolaños-Guzman Carlos A. , Murrough James W. , Merad Miriam , Russo Scott J. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Depression and anxiety have been linked to increased inflammation. However, we do not know if inflammatory status predates onset of disease or whether it contributes to depression symptomatology. We report preexisting individual differences in the peripheral immune system that predict and promote stress susceptibility. Replacing a stress-naive animal’s peripheral immune system with that of a stressed animal increases susceptibility to social stress including repeated social defeat stress (RSDS) and witness defeat (a purely emotional form of social stress). Depleting the cytokine IL-6 from the whole body or just from leukocytes promotes resilience, as does sequestering IL-6 outside of the brain. These studies demonstrate that the emotional response to stress can be generated or blocked in the periphery, and offer a potential new form of treatment for stress disorders.
Switching dynamics of the bacterial flagellar motor near zero load
Authors: Wang Fangbin , Yuan Junhua , Berg Howard C. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
The behavior of the flagellar rotary motor was monitored by following the rotation of small gold particles attached to flagellar hooks, nanometer-sized components found at the ends of motor drive shafts, providing an accurate readout of motor function. Some measurements were made in the past with large markers on flagellar filaments that suggested the presence of hidden steps preceding switching events. These steps were probably filament polymorphic transformations. Our data argue for a simple two-state system with transitions between clockwise and counterclockwise states that occur at random times.
Active Belief
Authors: Boyle Matthew 
Published: October 2014

The man who changes his mind, in response to evidence of the truth of a proposition, does not act upon himself; nor does he bring about an effect.- Hampshire (1965, 100)A point of persistent controversy in recent philosophical discussions of belief concerns whether we can exercise some sort of agential control over what we believe. On the one hand, the idea that we have some kind of discretion over what we believe has appealed to philosophers working in several areas. This idea has been invoked, for instance, to characterize the basic difference between rational and non-rational cognition, to account for our epistemic responsibility for what we believe, and to explain how we are able, normally, to say what we presently believe without relying on self-observation or inference. On the other hand, most contemporary philosophers agree that, in one significant sense, what we believe isnotup to us: we cannot simply believe “at will,” and, although what we wish were so can influence what we believe to be so, this influence hardly amounts to a form of control or agency.
Identification of genes encoding photoconvertible (Class I) water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins from Chenopodium ficifolium
Authors: Takahashi Shigekazu , Abe Eriko , Nakayama Katsumi , Satoh Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Photoconvertible water-soluble chlorophyll-binding proteins, called Class I WSCPs, have been detected in Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Polygonaceae plant species. To date, Chenopodium album WSCP (CaWSCP) is the only cloned gene encoding a Class I WSCP. In this study, we identified two cDNAs encoding Chenopodium ficifolium Class I WSCPs, CfWSCP1, and CfWSCP2. Sequence analyses revealed that the open reading frames of CfWSCP1 and CfWSCP2 were 585 and 588 bp, respectively. Furthermore, both CfWSCPs contain cystein2 and cystein30, which are essential for the chlorophyll-binding ability of CaWSCP. Recombinant CfWSCP1 and CfWSCP2, expressed in Escherichia coli as hexa-histidine fusion proteins (CfWSCP1-His and CfWSCP2-His), formed inclusion bodies; however, we were able to solubilize these using a buffer containing 8 M urea and then refold them by dialysis. The refolded CfWSCP1-His and CfWSCP2-His could bind chlorophylls and exhibited photoconvertibility, confirming that the cloned CfWSCPs are further examples of Class I WSCPs.
The influence of different footwear on 3‐D kinematics and muscle activation during the barbell back squat in males
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , McCarthy Derek , Bentley Ian , Hurst Howard Thomas , Atkins Stephen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe barbell back squat is commonly used by athletes participating in resistance training. The barbell squat is typically performed using standard athletic shoes, or specially designed weightlifting footwear, although there are now a large number of athletes who prefer to squat barefoot or in barefoot‐inspired footwear. This study aimed to determine how these footwear influence 3‐D kinematics and muscle activation potentials during the barbell back squat. Fourteen experienced male participants completed squats at 70% 1 rep max in each footwear condition. 3‐D kinematics from the torso, hip, knee and ankle were measured using an eight‐camera motion analysis system. In addition, electromyographical (EMG) measurements were obtained from the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, erector spinae and biceps femoris muscles. EMG parameters and joint kinematics were compared between footwear using repeated‐measures analyses of variance. Participants were also asked to subjectively rate which footwear they preferred when performing their squat lifts; this was examined a chi‐squared test. The kinematic analysis indicated that, in comparison to barefoot the running shoe was associated with increased squat depth, knee flexion and rectus femoris activation. The chi‐squared test was significant and showed that participants preferred to squat barefoot. This study supports anecdotal evidence of athletes who prefer to train barefoot or in barefoot‐inspired footwear although no biomechanical evidence was found to support this notion.
Do Peer Effects Improve Hand Hygiene Adherence among Healthcare Workers?
Authors: Monsalve Mauricio N. , Pemmaraju Sriram V. , Thomas Geb W. , Herman Ted , Segre Alberto M. , Polgreen Philip M. 
Published: October 2014

Objective.To determine whether hand hygiene adherence is influenced by peer effects and, specifically, whether the presence and proximity of other healthcare workers has a positive effect on hand hygiene adherenceDesign.An observational study using a sensor network.Setting.A 20-bed medical intensive care unit at a large university hospital.Participants.Hospital staff assigned to the medical intensive care unit.Methods.We deployed a custom-built, automated, hand hygiene monitoring system that can (1) detect whether a healthcare worker has practiced hand hygiene on entering and exiting a patient’s room and (2) estimate the location of other healthcare workers with respect to each healthcare worker exiting or entering a room.Results.We identified a total of 47,694 in-room and out-of-room hand hygiene opportunities during the 10-day study period. When a worker was alone (no recent healthcare worker contacts), the observed adherence rate was 20.85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.78%–21.92%). In contrast, when other healthcare workers were present, observed adherence was 27.90% (95% CI, 27.48%–28.33%). This absolute increase was statistically significant (P < .01). We also found that adherence increased with the number of nearby healthcare workers but at a decreasing rate. These results were consistent at different times of day, for different measures of social context, and after controlling for possible confounding factors.Conclusions.The presence and proximity of other healthcare workers is associated with higher hand hygiene rates. Furthermore, our results also indicate that rates increase as the social environment becomes more crowded, but with diminishing marginal returns.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(10):1277–1285
Electronic Solutions to Enhance Tracking and Compliance with Mandatory Influenza Vaccination for All Hospital Staff
Authors: Quan Kathleen A. , Cousins Sarah M. , Hizon Denise A. , Heck Kristie K. , Samuelson Pamela , Garcia Froylan , Huang Susan S. 
Published: October 2014

In implementing a hospital mandatory influenza vaccination policy, we developed an automated, real-time tracking and reminder system. Of 6,957 policy-covered individuals automatically identified, automated reminders left only 5 requiring counseling. This decreased Occupational Health workload in contacting noncompliant individuals and hosting vaccination events while simultaneously facilitating a 96% vaccination rate.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(11):1421–1424
Reduced-intensity FOLFOXIRI in Treating Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Hung-Ming , Lin Jen-Kou , Chen Wei-Shone , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Yang Shung-Haur , Lan Yuan-Tzu , Lin Chun-Chi , Teng Hao-Wei 
Published: October 2014

Objectives:
To report on the efficacy and safety of reduced-intensity FOLFOXIRI (RI-FOLFOXIRI) as salvage chemotherapy for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Methods:
From October 2009 to March 2014, a total of 45 patients with refractory mCRC received RI-FOLFOXIRI as salvage chemotherapy. The initial dose of RI-FOLFOXIRI was 85% of the dose last used for each drug. All patients received a 2-hour infusion of folinate, followed by a bolus of 5-fluorouracil, and then 2400 to 3000 mg/m2 for 46 hours; in addition, patients were either administered irinotecan on day 1 followed by oxaliplatin on day 3 (group A), oxaliplatin on day 1 followed by irinotecan on day 3 (group B), or irinotecan and oxaliplatin on day 1 (group C).

Results:
Seven patients (15.6%) showed a partial response, and 15 patients (33.3%) had stable disease. The median progression-free and overall survival durations were 3.9 and 7.6 months, respectively. Patients who had wild-type K-RAS showed a longer overall survival duration (8.5 vs. 7.0 mo; P=0.04) but no difference in progression-free survival durations (4.4 vs. 3.4 mo; P=0.20) compared with patients with mutant K-RAS. The most common adverse events were neutropenia (28.9%) and diarrhea (26.7%).

Conclusions:
RI-FOLFOXIRI as salvage chemotherapy is effective and enables management of patients with refractory mCRC.