bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction analysis and optimal design of composite action of plastered straw bale
Authors: Adedeji A.A. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of cement‐ and earth‐plastered straw bale walls against the appropriate vertical loads.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of contact between two common types of plasters and the stacked straw bale by the optimal design analysis have been assessed in this work with the use of finite element method.FindingsCement‐ and earth‐plastered straw bale walls have shown adequate resistance against the appropriate vertical loads and showed that the earth‐plaster can bear higher stress than the cement plastered straw bale. There is the implication that the collapse or response of the earth‐straw bale wall will be significantly higher compared to that of cement‐straw bale wall.Practical implicationsThe stress stability obtained of the analytical walls is adequate after using the best fit variables for the wall height and thickness.Originality/valueThe paper shows that the allowable stresses of 70.14 kN/m2 for cement plastered straw bale wall and 73.14 kN/m2 for earth‐plastered straw bale wall are higher than the calculated stress values using SAP2000 of 18.836 and 64.2 kN/m2 for cement plastered straw bale wall, respectively.
On the use of the plane wave based method for vibro‐acoustic problems
Authors: Essahbi Soufien , Perry‐Debain Emmanuel , Haddar Mohamed , Hammami Lotfi , Ben Tahar Mabrouk 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the extension of plane wave based method.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed functional are discretized using enriched finite elements. The fluid is discretized by enriched acoustic element, the structure by enriched structural finite element and the interface fluid‐structure by fluid‐structure interaction element.FindingsResults obtained show the potentialities of the proposed method to solve a much larger class of wave problems in mid‐ and high‐frequency ranges.Originality/valueThe plane wave based method has previously been applied successfully to finite element and boundary element models for the Helmholtz equation and elastodynamic problems. This paper describes the extension of this method to the vibro‐acoustic problem.
Wave propagation in transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic half‐space with voids under initial stress
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the wave propagation in transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic half‐space with voids under initial stress.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze the wave propagation and reflection of plane waves incident at the stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal surface of a homogeneous, transversely isotropic generalized thermoelastic half‐space with voids. The graphical representation is given for amplitude ratios of various reflected waves to that of incident waves for different direction of propagation. The phase velocities and attenuation coefficients of plane waves are also computed and presented graphically for various incident angles.FindingsThe phase velocities and attenuation coefficients of these plane waves are computed along various direction of wave propagation and the reflection characteristics of these waves, stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal boundary conditions are considered. The amplitude ratios of various reflected waves to that of incident waves have been obtained numerically.Originality/valueWave propagation in an elastic medium is of great practical importance. Since valuable organic and inorganic deposits beneath the earth surface are difficult to detect by drilling randomly, wave propagation is the simplest and most economic technique and does not require any drilling through the earth. Almost all the oil companies rely on seismic interpretation for selecting the sites for exploratory oil wells because seismic wave methods have higher accuracy, higher resolution and are more economical, compared to drilling, which is expensive and time consuming. The study described in this paper would be very useful for those involved in signal processing, sound system and wireless communication.
Nonlinear modeling and simulation of spur gear with defected bearings
Authors: Taoufik Khabou Mohamed , Hentati Taissir , Slim Abbes Mohamed , Chaari Fakher , Haddar Mohamed 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to present a theoretical model to simulate the dynamic behavior of a spur gear, taking into account its ball bearings defects.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model is based on the implicit Newmark‐β with Newton‐Raphson numerical integration technique in order to analyze the impact of the worn bearings on the non linear dynamic behavior of one stage spur gear transmission system.FindingsThe dynamic behavior of spur gear is studied taking into account ball bearings defects thanks to the proposed model.Originality/valueA new numerical model is proposed to simulate the dynamic behavior of rotating spur gear system taking into account both waviness and backlash defects.
Preserving privacy on the searchable internet
Authors: Ma Ruxia , Meng Xiaofeng , Wang Zhongyuan 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe Web is the largest repository of information. Personal information is usually scattered on various pages of different websites. Search engines have made it easier to find personal information. An attacker may collect a user's scattered information together via search engines, and infer some privacy information. The authors call this kind of privacy attack “Privacy Inference Attack via Search Engines”. The purpose of this paper is to provide a user‐side automatic detection service for detecting the privacy leakage before publishing personal information.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors propose a user‐side automatic detection service. In the user‐side service, the authors construct a user information correlation (UICA) graph to model the association between user information returned by search engines. The privacy inference attack is mapped into a decision problem of searching a privacy inferring path with the maximal probability in the UICA graph and it is proved that it is a nondeterministic polynomial time (NP)‐complete problem by a two‐step reduction. A Privacy Leakage Detection Probability (PLD‐Probability) algorithm is proposed to find the privacy inferring path: it combines two significant factors which can influence the vertexes' probability in the UICA graph and uses greedy algorithm to find the privacy inferring path.FindingsThe authors reveal that privacy inferring attack via search engines is very serious in real life. In this paper, a user‐side automatic detection service is proposed to detect the risk of privacy inferring. The authors make three kinds of experiments to evaluate the seriousness of privacy leakage problem and the performance of methods proposed in this paper. The results show that the algorithm for the service is reasonable and effective.Originality/valueThe paper introduces a new family of privacy attacks on the Web: privacy inferring attack via search engines and presents a privacy inferring model to describe the process and principles of personal privacy inferring attack via search engines. A user‐side automatic detection service is proposed to detect the privacy inference before publishing personal information. In this user‐side service, the authors propose a Privacy Leakage Detection Probability (PLD‐Probability) algorithm. Extensive experiments show these methods are reasonable and effective.
As you like it: adopting a patient‐led approach to psychological treatments
Authors: Carey Timothy A. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to look at the design and delivery of psychological treatments offered by the UK National Health Service (NHS) and in particular, ask how much treatment is enough, or who should decide when the patient has had enough treatment.Design/methodology/approachThe data reported in this section were collected during routine clinical practice in the NHS in Scotland.FindingsIt was found that treatments could be redesigned so that important therapeutic information is provided in time frames that match patient preferences, leading to more efficient and effective services.Originality/valueClinicians, predominantly, determine the design and delivery of treatment programmes, whereas the paper suggests that programmes should be focused on the patient and their needs.
Complete mental health recovery: bridging mental illness with positive mental health
Authors: Provencher Helene L. , Keyes Corey L.M. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose that the study, and the promotion, of recovery can be augmented by adopting the model of mental health as a complete state.Design/methodology/approachA literature review of the last two decades was undertaken and pathways to complete mental health in recovery are proposed.FindingsMore work is needed to further develop interventions oriented towards the promotion of positive mental health in recovery, targeting the enhancement of positive emotions towards life and a sense of fulfillment in private and social life. Positive mental health also deserves more research attention to assess the full range of recovery outcomes related to the restoration and optimization processes. A better understanding of individual and environmental factors facilitating or hindering the achievement of complete mental health in recovery is warranted as well.Originality/valueUnlike previous conceptions, the model presented in the paper proposes to redefine recovery from the complete view of mental health and introduces positive mental health as an additional outcome of recovery.
Emotional and antisocial outcomes of bullying and victimization at school: a follow‐up from childhood to adolescence
Authors: Lösel Friedrich , Bender Doris 
Published: November 2014

PurposeAlthough school bullying is an important social problem, its long‐term relation to mental health and behavioural outcomes is rarely investigated. The purpose of this paper is to address the relation between bullying in childhood and behavioural and emotional problems in adolescence.Design/methodology/approachBullying and victimization were assessed in a sample of 557 German children (mean age 9 years). Nearly five years later anxious, depressive, delinquent, aggressive and other outcomes were assessed via self‐ and mother‐reports. Data analyses contained bivariate correlations and hierarchical regressions in which family and individual risk factors (measured two years before bullying/victimization) were controlled.FindingsIt was found that there were mostly small, but highly significant correlations between bullying perpetration and later antisocial behaviour. Among girls, bullying also predicted later symptoms of anxiety, depression and social withdrawal. The same was the case for victimization. Victimized girls also showed more antisocial outcomes. When controlling for other risk factors, bullying perpetration remained as a predictor of externalizing problems, however, there were no significant relations between victimization and internalizing or externalizing outcomes.Originality/valueThis paper presents longitudinal data on a large sample from a country under‐represented in the English‐language literature on bullying, also its findings reveal that bullying perpetration is a highly significant predictor of later antisocial and delinquent outcomes in adolescence.
Young adult problem behaviour outcomes of adolescent bullying
Authors: Renae McGee Tara , Scott James G. , McGrath John J. , Williams Gail M. , O'Callaghan Michael , Bor William , Najman Jake M. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on the association between bullying victimisation and various internalizing and externalizing behaviours including anxiety and depression, somatic problems, withdrawn behaviour, aggressive and delinquent behaviour.Design/methodology/approachData for this research come from the Mater‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy and its Outcomes (MUSP) a prospective cohort study of mothers and their children which began in Brisbane in 1981, assessing the impact of experiences of being bullied at 14 years of age and YASR outcomes at 21 years of age. Brisbane is the capital city of the State of Queensland, Australia. The site for the research was the Brisbane Mater Misericordiae Mothers' Hospital (MMH), which is one of the two major obstetric units in Brisbane. In effect all pregnant women attending a publicly‐funded obstetrical service over a three‐year period were recruited to the study (about 50 percent of women attend public obstetrical services in Queensland).FindingsThe authors find that: first, there is no association between the experience of being bullied and young adult anxiety and depression, as well as some other outcomes (withdrawn, intrusive behaviour); second, for both males and females, there are increased rates of attention problems for those children who have been bullied; and third, males and females respond somewhat differently to being bullied, with males reporting more aggressive behaviour and females reporting more somatic problems.Originality/valueOverall, the findings suggest that the likely impact of being bullied may not be widespread across mental health domains, and that the impact may differ somewhat depending upon whether the person bullied is a male or female.
Longitudinal study of the relationship between victimization and later emotional problems among Japanese junior high school students
Authors: Nishino Yasuyo , Ujiie Tatsuo , Ninomiya Katsumi , Igarashi Atsushi , Inoue Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Chika 
Published: November 2014

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report an investigation of the relationships between victimization and later emotional problems among Japanese junior high school students. The effects of psychosocial risk factors and their role as predictors of the relationship between victimization and later emotional problems were also examined over time.Design/methodology/approachThe authors' first concern was to determine whether victimization is, indeed, related to emotional problems during junior high school. The authors' second concern was to determine how long victimization or risk factors will be associated with emotional problems. The third concern was to determine whether there is a gender difference in the relationship between victimization and emotional problems. Emotional problems were assessed using self‐report questionnaire measures of depression and low self‐worth. This article used eight‐months interval data collections; September 2002 (Time 1), May 2003 (Time 2), January 2004 (Time 3), and September 2004 (Time 4).FindingsThe results section is organized into three parts. The first part presents correlation coefficients for each of the variables. The second part examines whether the experience being bullied is related to four risk factors, depression and low self‐worth. The third part examines whether risk factors and victimization are related to depression and low self‐worth over time. In each part the authors also examined whether results vary depending on gender.Originality/valueThe paper usefully shows that victimization at Time 1 predicted later depression at Times 2 and 3 for boys, but not for girls. Victimization at Time 1 also predicted later depression for boys after controlling for other Time 1 risk factors. Early victimization may be a unique predictor of later depression for boys, but not for girls.
Song structure, not high‐frequency song content, determines high‐frequency auditory sensitivity in nine species of New World sparrows (Passeriformes: Emberizidae)
Authors: Vélez Alejandro , Gall Megan D. , Fu Jianing , Lucas Jeffrey R. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The evolution of vocal signals can be constrained by a host of factors including habitat effects on sound propagation, morphology of sound‐producing structures and phylogenetic relationships among species. Here, we asked whether auditory sensitivity over a broad range of frequencies correlates with the spectral content of conspecific vocalizations, or whether it is constrained by the overall structure of vocalizations, habitat effects on sound propagation or relatedness among species.

We studied nine New World sparrows (Passeriformes: Emberizidae) including three open‐habitat species, three scrub‐like habitat species and three forest species. For each habitat, one species had pure‐trilled songs, another had tonal songs and another had complex songs with tones, trills and amplitude‐modulated buzzes.

As predicted by the acoustic adaptation hypothesis, song spectral properties (specifically frequency and entropy) had the highest values in open‐habitat species and the lowest values in forest species.

Based on our results from song analyses, and the sender–receiver matching hypothesis, we predicted that open‐habitat species would be more sensitive to high‐frequency sounds compared to forest species. Contrary to this prediction, habitat and high‐frequency song content had little effect on audiogram shape. Song type, however, had a strong effect, with species that produce complex songs showing higher sensitivity to high‐frequency sounds than all other species.

Our results suggest that the use of song frequency by receivers depends on song structure and not necessarily on song spectral content. Therefore, our current understanding of how signal‐processing mechanisms should match signal properties appears to be too simple. When thinking about the evolution of signal‐processing mechanisms, the multidimensionality of signals, and how the different dimensions can interact, should be considered.
Range expansion in asexual dandelions: selection for general‐purpose genotypes?
Authors: Oplaat Carla , Verhoeven Koen J. F. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Phenotypic plasticity and broad ecological tolerance are hypothesized as important traits in the range expansion of asexual species, because individual asexual lineages have to face spatial and temporal environmental variation with limited opportunity for genetic adaptation. The hypothesis that asexual lineages are general‐purpose genotypes (GPG) has been previously tested, with mixed results, in species that have both sexual and asexual variants. Such comparisons can be confounded with intraspecific ploidy level differences that are often observed between the two reproductive types.

Avoiding the confounding effects of ploidy differences, we test whether northward range expansion selects for a GPG strategy in asexual lineages of the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), a species that shows geographic parthenogenesis. We compared the biomass of asexual lineages that were collected along a geographic transect from close to the asexuals’ area of origin (central Europe, where asexuals descend from sexual ancestors in mixed populations) towards their northern distribution edge (Northern Europe, where only asexual lineages occur) in three different experimental environments: optimal, drought and shaded conditions.

The geometric mean performance across test environments did not differ significantly between plants from different regions along the transect. However, southern lineages typically showed larger differences in biomass between different test environments, mainly caused by a relatively high performance in the optimal environment. Northern and mid‐latitude lineages showed more even performance across the different environments.

Synthesis. Our results suggest that phenotypic plasticity is important in the asexual range expansion of Taraxacum officinale and that range shifting in this species is accompanied by a change in phenotypic plasticity strategy from lineages with high ability to increase biomass in optimal growing conditions (master‐of‐some strategy) to lineages that maintain more constant performance in different environments (GPG or jack‐of‐all‐trades strategy) from core to range edge.
Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Monitoring between Artifacts and Misinterpretation, Management Errors of Commission and Errors of Omission
Authors: El‐Sherif Nabil , Turitto Gioia 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to contrast the role of conventional ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring (AEM) artifacts with a less emphasized problem with potentially more serious implications, that is, the failure to recognize, and therefore misinterpret, a genuine arrhythmia episode in the AEM recording.MethodsThe study material included 500 Holter recordings and 500 recordings from the cardiac telemetry unit.ResultsElectrocardiographic (ECG) artifacts were more common in telemetry recordings (5.6%) compared to Holter recordings (4%) for a total of 4.8%. There were 35 examples of misinterpretation of AEM recordings (3.5%). These were significantly more common in telemetry recordings (2.6%) compared to Holter recordings (0.9%). The most common ECG artifacts were examples of pseudo ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VT). The majority of misinterpretation (26 of 35 examples) were fast supraventricular tachyarrhythmias with aberrant QRS (including six examples of atrial flutter with periods of 1:1 atrioventricular conduction) that were misdiagnosed as ventricular VT. Other examples were misinterpretation of arrhythmic episodes consistent with sick sinus syndrome, pacemaker malfunction, and long QT syndrome. Only 5 of 48 examples of AEM artifacts resulted in management errors of commission or errors of omission compared to all 35 examples of misinterpretation.ConclusionsCompared to conventional artifacts in AEM, misinterpretation of nonartifactual arrhythmic episodes consistently resulted in management errors. Misinterpretation was significantly more common with telemetry recordings compared to Holter ECG. This highlights the need for more appropriate training of the entire clinical team in charge of the management of the cardiac telemetry unit.
Scatter of orthopaedic research: can orthopods stay up‐to‐date with research?
Authors: Wijenayake Lahann , Conroy Sophie , Turner Douglas , Thorning Sarah , Glasziou Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe volume of orthopaedic literature is increasing exponentially, becoming more widely scattered among journals. The rate of increase in orthopaedics is greater than other specialties. We aimed to identify the number of different journals an orthopaedic surgeon would need to read to stay up‐to‐date with current evidence.MethodWe searched PubMed for all orthopaedic‐related systematic reviews (SR) and randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in 2011 using MESH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. The search was based on the Australian Orthopaedic Association syllabus of March 2011. The results of the search were exported to EndNote, then Microsoft Excel. We then calculated the least number of journals needed to read 25%, 50% and 100% of the articles. This was done separately for SRs and RCTs.ResultsWe found 1400 orthopaedic RCTs spread over 392 journals. Ten journals contained 25% of the articles, 36 journals contained 50% and 114 journals contained 75%. Three hundred journals contained three or fewer RCTs. We found 354 orthopaedic‐relevant SRs spread over 152 journals. Six journals contained 25% of the articles, 23 journals contained 50% and 63 journals contained 75%. Ninety‐three journals contained only one SR.ConclusionOur results demonstrate the vast scatter of orthopaedic research. Four orthopaedic RCTs are published every day. To read even 25% of the new RCTs and SRs published in orthopaedics, a surgeon would require a subscription to 13 different journals monthly, a costly and time‐consuming endeavour.