bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive Effect of Out-of-Hospital Time in Outcomes of Severely Injured Young Adult and Elderly Patients
Authors: Báez Amado Alejandro , Lane Peter L. , Sorondo Barbara , Giráldez Ediza M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction:The importance of accessing care within the first hour after injury has been a fundamental tenet of trauma system planning for 30 years. However, the scientific basis for this belief either has been missing or largely derived from case series from trauma centers. This study sought to determine the correlation between prehospital times and outcomes among severely injured elderly patients.Methods:This is a cross-sectional, observational study. All adults (<18 years of age) with acute trauma as defined byThe International Classification of Diseases Ninth Edition, Clinical Modificationdiagnostic codes and E-codes were included. Poisonings, single system burns, and late effects of injury were excluded. Chi-square and Student's ttest were used for significance testing. To assess the predictive effects of prehospital time and outcomes, three inde-pendent logistic regression models were constructed for both young and elderly groups, with hospital length of stay, mortality, and complications as individual dependent variables. Statistical significance was set at the 0.05 level.Results:Of 41,041 cases, 37,276 were >_18 years of age. Of the 1,866 with an Injury Severity Score (ISS) >15, 1,205 were young and 661 elderly. Logistic regression results showed that prehospital time correlated significantly with hospital length of stay (p = 0.001) and complications (p = 0.016), but not with mortality (p = 0.264) among young patients, whereas in the elderly group prehospital time had no significant predictive effect for length of stay, complica- tions, or mortality (p = 0.512, p = 0.512, and p = 0.954 respectively).Conclusion:This population-based study has demonstrated that prehospital time correlates with length of stay and complications in young patients. In elderly patients, prehospital time failed to show correlation with any outcomes measured.
Misconception as a Barrier to Teaching about Disasters
Authors: Alexander David E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction:This paper is a report on an exercise designed to reveal the extent of belief in the common myths about disasters held by members of four groups of students from the University of Massachusetts and three groups of trainee emergency workers from Italy.Methods:A questionnaire was administered in which students and trainees were asked to agree or disagree with 19 statements about disasters. These statements were based on common misconceptions about disasters and are at least statements untenable in statistical terms, if not downright wrong. In each case, a Likert scale was used to assess the strength of the students' and trainees' agreement or disagreement with the statements.Results:The results suggest that some of the misconceptions (for example, that panic and looting are widespread reactions to disaster) were strongly held, whereas others (for instance, that disasters cannot be managed) were less well-rooted. Despite years of refutation by experts, all groups firmly believed that dead bodies constitute a health hazard if they are not disposed of quickly. Attitudes to the proposition that technology offers a solution to the disaster problem were equivocal.Conclusions:Though the results of the study by no means were homogeneous, students and emergency workers, on either side of the Atlantic, bring many of the same misconceptions that the mass media continually propagates. These beliefs represent a serious challenge for the instructor who wants to ensure that disasters and emergencies are not misconstrued.
Evaluation of a Pandemic Preparedness Training Intervention for Emergency Medical Services Personnel
Authors: Gershon Robyn R.M. , Vandelinde Nikole , Magda Lori A. , Pearson Julie M. , Werner Andrew , Prezant David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction:Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel play an integral role during the national response to a pandemic event. To help ensure their health and safety, especially during the early stages of an outbreak, knowledge and adherence with personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection control strategies will be essential.Objectives:The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multi-method, pandemic preparedness training intervention using a pre-/post-test design.Methods:A convenience sample of 129 EMS personnel participated in a training program on pandemic preparedness. Training consisted of an educational intervention with a focus on the routes of transmission of the influenza virus, proper use of respiratory PPE, agency policies regarding infection control practices, and seasonal influenza vaccination. This was followed by a skill-based drill on respirator fit-checking and proper respirator donning and doffing procedures.Results:Pre-/post-test results indicate a significant increase in knowledge and behavioral intentions with respect to respirator use, vaccination with seasonal influenza vaccine, and willingness to report to duty during a pandemic.Conclusions:This method was effective in increasing knowledge and compliance intentions in EMS healthcare personnel. Further research should focus on whether training results in behavior modification.
Production Contracts, Risk Shifting, and Relative Performance Payments in the Pork Industry
Authors: Martin Laura L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractActual performance records of production contract farmers are used to assess the extent to which contract production reduces the risk borne by pork producers. Comparisons of contracting relative to independent market production reveal that farmers who enter into production contracts based on absolute performance measures reduce risks associated with variable income. Weak evidence is found that relative performance contracts, similar to those used in the broiler chicken industry, further reduce income variability. The effectiveness of such relative performance contracts will rely on several factors; among these are increased contract production and a more uniform pork production and processing system.
Antidepressant Treatment of Psychotic Major Depression: Potential Role of the σ Receptor
Authors: Stahl Stephen M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPsychotic major depression is a severe condition that frequently proves difficult-to-treat. The most effective traditional treatments (electroconvulsive therapy and combinations of antipsychotics with tricyclic antidepressants) are associated with significant side effects, and the use of tricyclic antidepressants alone is largely ineffective. Recent evidence has indicated that the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, either alone or in combination with antipsychotics, may provide a desirable alternative to traditional treatments. Among selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, fluvoxamine has been the best studied and, somewhat surprisingly, has proven effective in several studies as a monotherapy without the need to combine with an antipsychotic. It is proposed that the apparent efficacy of fluvoxamine in psychotic major depression may be related to its unique property of high affinity for the σ1receptor, which is thought to play a role in psychosis and in the action of some antipsychotic drugs.
Social Intelligence as a Predictor of Loneliness in the Workplace
Authors: Silman Fatos , Dogan Tayfun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe aim of this research is to examine the relationship between social intelligence and loneliness of academics in the workplace. This study involves 326 (149 female/177 male) academics employed in various universities in Turkey and North Cyprus. The age average of participants is 39.09 years. In this study, the Loneliness at Work Scale (LAWS) and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale (TSIS) have been utilized. The data were analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis techniques. The findings showed that social information processing, social skills, and social awareness, which are the sub-dimensions of social intelligence, positively explained 26% of social deprivation. Social skills and social awareness positively explained 13% of social companionship. The findings also showed that the social information processing sub-dimension did not meaningfully explain social companionship.
Intensity of Love in a Community Sample of Spanish Couples in the Region of Madrid
Authors: Cuenca-Montesino María Luisa , Graña José Luis , O’Leary K. Daniel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntensity of love was examined in a representative community sample of 2,988 couples, from the Region of Madrid (Spain). Gender differences revealed no significant differences in intensity of love. Twenty-five percent of the participants who were in a relationship of less than 10 years and eleven percent of the participants in a relationship of more than 30 years reported being “very intensely in love”F(3, 5.972) = 191.32,p< .001, ηp2= 0.08. The cognitive variables, thinking positively about the partner and thinking about the partner when apart, were significant predictors of the intensity of long-term love for both men and women. Affection was also positively associated with intense love for men (r= .47,p< .001) and women (r= .52,p< .001); sexual intercourse was for women (r= .36,p< .001) but not for men. Wanting to know the whereabouts of partner was associated with the intensity of love for women (r= .15,p< .05), but not for men. Engaging in novel activities with partner was not associated with intense love for male or females. As predicted, love declined significantly in the first decade of marriage, but not much after that. The percentage of men and women who reported being intensely in love was lower than that obtained in the U.S.
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau derived from Alzheimer’s disease brain
Authors: Takeda Shuko , Wegmann Susanne , Cho Hansang , DeVos Sarah L. , Commins Caitlin , Roe Allyson D. , Nicholls Samantha B. , Carlson George A. , Pitstick Rose , Nobuhara Chloe K. , Costantino Isabel , Frosch Matthew P. , Müller Daniel J. , Irimia Daniel , Hyman Bradley T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTau pathology is known to spread in a hierarchical pattern in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain during disease progression, likely by trans-synaptic tau transfer between neurons. However, the tau species involved in inter-neuron propagation remains unclear. To identify tau species responsible for propagation, we examined uptake and propagation properties of different tau species derived from postmortem cortical extracts and brain interstitial fluid of tau-transgenic mice, as well as human AD cortices. Here we show that PBS-soluble phosphorylated high-molecular-weight (HMW) tau, though very low in abundance, is taken up, axonally transported, and passed on to synaptically connected neurons. Our findings suggest that a rare species of soluble phosphorylated HMW tau is the endogenous form of tau involved in propagation and could be a target for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development.
Harnessing the landscape of microbial culture media to predict new organism–media pairings
Authors: Oberhardt Matthew A. , Zarecki Raphy , Gronow Sabine , Lang Elke , Klenk Hans-Peter , Gophna Uri , Ruppin Eytan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCulturing microorganisms is a critical step in understanding and utilizing microbial life. Here we map the landscape of existing culture media by extracting natural-language media recipes into a Known Media Database (KOMODO), which includes >18,000 strain–media combinations, >3300 media variants and compound concentrations (the entire collection of the Leibniz Institute DSMZ repository). Using KOMODO, we show that although media are usually tuned for individual strains using biologically common salts, trace metals and vitamins/cofactors are the most differentiating components between defined media of strains within a genus. We leverage KOMODO to predict new organism–media pairings using a transitivity property (74% growth in new in vitro experiments) and a phylogeny-based collaborative filtering tool (83% growth in new in vitro experiments and stronger growth on predicted well-scored versus poorly scored media). These resources are integrated into a web-based platform that predicts media given an organism’s 16S rDNA sequence, facilitating future cultivation efforts.
Mucosal vaccination with attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis induces strong central memory responses and protects against tuberculosis
Authors: Kaushal Deepak , Foreman Taylor W. , Gautam Uma S. , Alvarez Xavier , Adekambi Toidi , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Golden Nadia A. , Johnson Ann-Marie F. , Phillips Bonnie L. , Ahsan Muhammad H. , Russell-Lodrigue Kasi E. , Doyle Lara A. , Roy Chad J. , Didier Peter J. , Blanchard James L. , Rengarajan Jyothi , Lackner Andrew A. , Khader Shabaana A. , Mehra Smriti 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTuberculosis (TB) is a global pandaemic, partially due to the failure of vaccination approaches. Novel anti-TB vaccines are therefore urgently required. Here we show that aerosol immunization of macaques with the Mtb mutant in SigH (MtbΔsigH) results in significant recruitment of inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing activation and proliferation markers to the lungs. Further, the findings indicate that pulmonary vaccination with MtbΔsigH elicited strong central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses in the lung. Vaccination with MtbΔsigH results in significant protection against a lethal TB challenge, as evidenced by an approximately three log reduction in bacterial burdens, significantly diminished clinical manifestations and granulomatous pathology and characterized by the presence of profound iBALT. This highly protective response is virtually absent in unvaccinated and BCG-vaccinated animals after challenge. These results suggest that future TB vaccine candidates can be developed on the basis of MtbΔsigH.
Outward- and inward-facing structures of a putative bacterial transition-metal transporter with homology to ferroportin
Authors: Taniguchi Reiya , Kato Hideaki E. , Font Josep , Deshpande Chandrika N. , Wada Miki , Ito Koichi , Ishitani Ryuichiro , Jormakka Mika , Nureki Osamu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn vertebrates, the iron exporter ferroportin releases Fe2+ from cells into plasma, thereby maintaining iron homeostasis. The transport activity of ferroportin is suppressed by the peptide hormone hepcidin, which exhibits upregulated expression in chronic inflammation, causing iron-restrictive anaemia. However, due to the lack of structural information about ferroportin, the mechanisms of its iron transport and hepcidin-mediated regulation remain largely elusive. Here we report the crystal structures of a putative bacterial homologue of ferroportin, BbFPN, in both the outward- and inward-facing states. Despite undetectable sequence similarity, BbFPN adopts the major facilitator superfamily fold. A comparison of the two structures reveals that BbFPN undergoes an intra-domain conformational rearrangement during the transport cycle. We identify a substrate metal-binding site, based on structural and mutational analyses. Furthermore, the BbFPN structures suggest that a predicted hepcidin-binding site of ferroportin is located within its central cavity. Thus, BbFPN may be a valuable structural model for iron homeostasis regulation by ferroportin.
Sea surface temperature and salinity from French research vessels, 2001–2013
Authors: Gaillard Fabienne , Diverres Denis , Jacquin Stéphane , Gouriou Yves , Grelet Jacques , Le Menn Marc , Tassel Joelle , Reverdin Gilles 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFrench Research vessels have been collecting thermo-salinometer (TSG) data since 1999 to contribute to the Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD) programme. The instruments are regularly calibrated and continuously monitored. Water samples are taken on a daily basis by the crew and later analysed in the laboratory. We present here the delayed mode processing of the 2001–2013 dataset and an overview of the resulting quality. Salinity measurement error was a few hundredths of a unit or less on the practical salinity scale (PSS), due to careful calibration and instrument maintenance, complemented with a rigorous adjustment on water samples. In a global comparison, these data show excellent agreement with an ARGO-based salinity gridded product. The Sea Surface Salinity and Temperature from French REsearch SHips (SSST-FRESH) dataset is very valuable for the ‘calibration and validation’ of the new satellite observations delivered by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius missions.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by the transperitoneal versus extraperitoneal procedure
Authors: De Hong Cao , Liang Ren Liu , Qiang Wei , Jia Wang , Ying Chun Hu , Lu Yang , Zheng Hua Liu , Heng Ping Li , Shi Bing Yan , Yun Xiang Li 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWorldwide, prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common malignancy in males. We undertook a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy and safety of conventional laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with a transperitoneal (TLRP) approach, versus that of an extraperitoneal (ELRP) approach, for treatment of localized PCa. A comprehensive literature search retrieved 14 publications, with a total of 1715 patients. Meta-analysis of these studies showed that an ELRP approach was associated with a significantly shorter postoperative catheterization time (MD: 1.99; 95% CI: 0.52 to 3.54; P = 0.008), less blood transfusion rate (OR: 2.05; 95% CI: 1.03 to 4.06; P = 0.04), shorter intestinal function recovery time (MD: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.09; P < 0.0001) and shorter hospitalization days (MD: 2.71; 95% CI: 1.03 to 4.39; P = 0.002). In addition, our results showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in operation time (MD: 19.39; 95% CI: −6.67 to 45.44; P = 0.014), intraoperative blood loss (MD: 4.89; 95% CI: −105.00 to 114.79; P = 0.93) and total complication rate (RR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.74; P = 0.27). In summary, our meta-analysis showed that ELRP is likely to be a safe and feasible alternative for localized PCa patients compared with TLRP.
Serum osteoprotegerin is associated with pulse pressure in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Nemeth Zsofia K. , Mardare Nicoleta G. , Czira Maria E. , Deak Gyorgy , Kiss Istvan , Mathe Zoltan , Remport Adam , Ujszaszi Akos , Covic Adrian , Molnar Miklos Z. , Mucsi Istvan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPulse pressure (PP) reflects increased large artery stiffness, which is caused, in part, by arterial calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease. PP has been shown to predict both cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in various patient populations, including kidney transplant (KTX) recipients. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a marker and regulator of arterial calcification and it is related to cardiovascular survival in hemodialysis patients. Here we tested the hypothesis that OPG is associated with increased pulse pressure. We cross-sectionally analyzed the association between serum OPG and PP in a prevalent cohort of 969 KTX patients (mean age: 51 +/− 13 years, 57% male, 21% diabetics, mean eGFR 51 +/− 20 ml/min/1.73 m2). Independent associations were tested in a linear regression model adjusted for multiple covariables. PP was positively correlated with serum OPG (rho = 0.284, p < 0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation was seen between PP versus age (r = 0.358, p < 0.001), the Charlson Comorbidity Index (r = 0.232, p < 0.001), serum glucose (r = 0.172, p < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.133, p = 0.001) and serum cholesterol (r = 0.094, p = 0.003). PP was negatively correlated with serum Ca, albumin and eGFR. The association between PP and OPG remained significant after adjusting for multiple potentially relevant covariables (beta = 0.143, p < 0.001). We conclude that serum OPG is independently associated with pulse pressure in kidney transplant recipients.
Time-lapse contact microscopy of cell cultures based on non-coherent illumination
Authors: Gabriel Marion , Balle Dorothée , Bigault Stéphanie , Pornin Cyrille , Gétin Stéphane , Perraut François , Block Marc R. , Chatelain François , Picollet-D’hahan Nathalie , Gidrol Xavier , Haguet Vincent 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVideo microscopy offers outstanding capabilities to investigate the dynamics of biological and pathological mechanisms in optimal culture conditions. Contact imaging is one of the simplest imaging architectures to digitally record images of cells due to the absence of any objective between the sample and the image sensor. However, in the framework of in-line holography, other optical components, e.g., an optical filter or a pinhole, are placed underneath the light source in order to illuminate the cells with a coherent or quasi-coherent incident light. In this study, we demonstrate that contact imaging with an incident light of both limited temporal and spatial coherences can be achieved with sufficiently high quality for most applications in cell biology, including monitoring of cell sedimentation, rolling, adhesion, spreading, proliferation, motility, death and detachment. Patterns of cells were recorded at various distances between 0 and 1000 μm from the pixel array of the image sensors. Cells in suspension, just deposited or at mitosis focalise light into photonic nanojets which can be visualised by contact imaging. Light refraction by cells significantly varies during the adhesion process, the cell cycle and among the cell population in connection with every modification in the tridimensional morphology of a cell.
Functional microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome related to MAPK/ERK signaling
Authors: Lan Chen-Wei , Chen Mei-Jou , Tai Kang-Yu , Yu Danny CW , Yang Yu-Chieh , Jan Pey-Shynan , Yang Yu-Shih , Chen Hsin-Fu , Ho Hong-Nerng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Although its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, recent studies suggest that the dysfunction of granulosa cells may partly be responsible. This study aimed to use cDNA microarray technology to compare granulosa cell gene expression profiles in women with and without PCOS to identify genes that may be aetiologically implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The study cohort included 12 women undergoingin vitrofertilization, six with PCOS and six without PCOS. Differential gene expression profiles were classified by post-analyses of microarray data, followed by western blot analyses to confirm the microarray data of selected genes. In total, 243 genes were differentially expressed (125 upregulated and 118 downregulated) between the PCOS and non-PCOS granulosa cells. These genes are involved in reproductive system development, amino acid metabolism and cellular development and proliferation. Comparative analysis revealed genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways. Western blot analyses confirmed that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 and phospho-ERK1/2 were decreased in PCOS granulosa cells. This study identified candidate genes involved in MAPK/ERK signaling pathways that may influence the function of granulosa cells in PCOS.