bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Music is Beneficial for Awake Craniotomy Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Jadavji-Mithani Radhika , Venkatraghavan Lashmi , Bernstein Mark 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectives:Patients undergoing awake craniotomy may experience high levels of stress. Minimizing anxiety benefits patients and surgeons. Music has many therapeutic effects in altering human mood and emotion. Tonality of music as conveyed by composition in major or minor keys can have an impact on patients’ emotions and thoughts. Assessing the effects of listening to major and minor key musical pieces on patients undergoing awake craniotiomy could help in the design of interventions to alleviate anxiety, stress and tension.Methods:Twenty-nine patients who were undergoing awake craniotomy were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups: Group 1 subjects listened to major key music and Group 2 listened to minor key compositions. Subjects completed a demographics questionnaire, a pre- and post-operative Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and a semi-structured open-ended interview. Results were analyzed using modified thematic analysis through open and axial coding.Results:Overall, patients enjoyed the music regardless of the key distinctions and stated they benefitted from listening to the music. No adverse reactions to the music were found. Subjects remarked that the music made them feel more at ease and less anxious before, during and after their procedure. Patients preferred either major key or minor key music but not a combination of both. Those who preferred major key pieces said it was on the basis of tonality while the individuals who selected minor key pieces stated that tempo of the music was the primary factor.Conclusion:Overall, listening to music selections was beneficial for the patients. Future work should further investigate the effects of audio interventions in awake surgery through narrative means.
Differences in how monolingual and bilingual children learn second labels for familiar objects
Authors: ROWE LINDSEY , JACOBSON REBECCA , SAYLOR MEGAN M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMonolingual children sometimes resist learning second labels for familiar objects. One explanation is that they are guided by word learning constraints that lead to the assumption that objects have only one name. It is less clear whether bilingual children observe this constraint. In the current study, we test the hypothesis that bilingual children might be more willing to accept second labels for objects and ask how they are affected by different amounts of information relevant to the second label. Although monolingual and bilingual children benefited from increased levels of information, only bilingual children chose the referent at above chance levels when they were offered increased levels of information. They were also more likely than monolingual children to accept second labels. Differences emerged even when English language vocabulary size was controlled for in the analyses.
An assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using disability adjusted life years
Authors: SCALLAN E. , HOEKSTRA R. M. , MAHON B. E. , JONES T. F. , GRIFFIN P. M. 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYWe explored the overall impact of foodborne disease caused by seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using the disability adjusted life year (DALY). We defined health states for each pathogen (acute illness and sequelae) and estimated the average annual incidence of each health state using data from public health surveillance and previously published estimates from studies in the United States, Canada and Europe. These pathogens caused about 112 000 DALYs annually due to foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (32 900) and Toxoplasma (32 700) caused the most DALYs, followed by Campylobacter (22 500), norovirus (9900), Listeria monocytogenes (8800), Clostridium perfringens (4000), and Escherichia coli O157 (1200). These estimates can be used to prioritize food safety interventions. Future estimates of the burden of foodborne disease in DALYs would be improved by addressing important data gaps and by the development and validation of US-specific disability weights for foodborne diseases.
Submission, Defiance, and the Rules of Politics on the Mamluk Sultanate's Anatolian Frontier
Authors: WING PATRICK 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between the leader of the Aqquyunlu Turkman confederation, ‘Uthmān Beg Qarā Yulūk, and the Mamluk Sultanate, with an eye to the ways in which the Mamluks sought to define the limits of sultanic sovereignty on the frontier, as well as the ways in which Qarā Yulūk sought to pursue his own interests and those of his tribal followers within the framework of the Mamluk political order. What becomes apparent is that while the interests of the Turkmans ultimately clashed with those of the Mamluk sultans on the Anatolian frontier, both Qarā Yulūk and the Mamluks shared a common interest in maintaining a relationship in which formal recognition of Aqquyunlu autonomy was exchanged for ritual submission to the sultan.
Correlates of food patterns in young Latino children at high risk of obesity
Authors: Kaiser Lucia L , Aguilera Alberto L , Horowitz Marcel , Lamp Catherine , Johns Margaret , Gomez-Camacho Rosa , Ontai Lenna , de la Torre Adela 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present paper examines the influence of age and gender on food patterns of Latino children.DesignData are from baseline of a 5-year, quasi-experimental obesity prevention study:Niños Sanos, Familia Sana(NSFS; Healthy Children, Healthy Families). In 2012, the researchers interviewed Latino parents, using a thirty-item questionnaire to ask about their children’s food consumption and feeding practices. Statistical tests includedttests and ANCOVA.SettingRural communities in California’s Central Valley, USA.SubjectsTwo hundred and seventeen parents (87–89 % born in Mexico) and their children (aged 2–8 years).ResultsFifty-one per cent of the children were overweight or obese (≥85th percentile of BMI for age and gender). Mean BMIZ-scores were not significantly different in boys (1·10 (sd1·07)) and girls (0·92 (sd1·04);P=0·12). In bivariate analysis, children aged 2–4 years consumed fast and convenience foods less often (P=0·04) and WIC (Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children)-allowable foods more often than children aged 5–8 years (P=0·01). In ANCOVA, neither age nor gender was significantly related to food patterns. Mother’s acculturation level was positively related to children’s consumption of fast and convenience foods (P=0·0002) and negatively related to consumption of WIC foods (P=0·01). Providing role modelling and structure in scheduling meals and snacks had a positive effect on the vegetable pattern (P=0·0007), whereas meal skipping was associated with more frequent fast and convenience food consumption (P=0·04).ConclusionsAcculturation and child feeding practices jointly influence food patterns in Latino immigrant children and indicate a need for interventions that maintain diet quality as children transition to school.
The brave new world of older patients: preparing general practice training for an ageing population
Authors: Bonney Andrew , Phillipson Lyn , Jones Sandra C. , Hall Julie , Sharma Rashmi 
Published: January 2015

AimDevelop and pilot test evidence-based resources for general practice training practices to enhance older patients’ (65+ years) interactions with General Practice Registrars (GPRs).BackgroundIn Australia, general practice trainees, referred to as GPRs, see fewer older patients and patients with chronic conditions than doctors who have completed their specialist GP training. This reduces learning opportunities for GPRs in the management of these important patient groups. Therefore, developing effective strategies to improve GPR–older patient interaction is critical to primary care training, to meet the current and future needs of an ageing population.MethodsAdopting a social marketing approach, GPR practice resources were developed to address knowledge and attitudinal barriers at the practice and patient level to improve older patient comfort, and willingness to engage, with GPR care. Two focus groups with older patients (n=18) and interviews with staff of training practices (n=12) were utilised to pre-test resources. Amended resources were pilot tested and evaluated in a naturalistic GPR training practice setting using a structured patient questionnaire (n=44).FindingsPilot evaluation suggests improved comfort and willingness of older patients to interact with GPRs. In all, 54% of survey participants indicated they would be more likely to make an appointment with a Registrar in the future as a result of exposure to the resources. In all, 40% of patients would feel comfortable having a GPR manage a complex or chronic condition, which compares favourably with 28% of similarly aged patients in previous research. The use of tailored, engaging and informative GPR resources for older patients and practice staff may be an important contributor to addressing the growing problem of ensuring GPRs are adequately engaged in treating older patients. The adoption of a social marketing framework was instrumental in enhancing the acceptance and effectiveness of this intervention.
Economic and financial approaches to valuing pension liabilities
Authors: NOVY-MARX ROBERT 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFinancial economics holds that payment streams should be valued using discount rates that reflect the cash flows’ risks. In the case of pension liabilities, the appropriate discount rate for a pension fund's liabilities is the expected rate of return on a portfolio that would be held under a liability-driven investment policy. The valuation of defined benefit pension obligations involves choices revolving around deciding: (1) what future benefit payments to recognize today (i.e., which liability concept to use); and (2) from whose point of view to value the liabilities. Moving towards modeling, the distribution of future liabilities using a ‘risk-neutral’ framework, would allow for calculating the present value of the future liabilities more accurately. This would provide policymakers with information more relevant for the decision-making, and it would also permit easier communication of the risks facing the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation's PIMS model via a single univariate statistic.
The conundrum of unconstitutional constitutional amendments
Authors: YAP PO JEN 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNational courts, largely in South Asia and Latin America, have deemed unconstitutional certain constitutional amendments that have been enacted into law in their respective jurisdictions. In the article, this author explores the normative arguments for and against the judicial enforcement of implicit substantive constraints on formal constitutional changes. In essence, the author argues that, in determining whether judges should render the substance of constitutional amendments unconstitutional, one must examine how the impugned constitutional amendment was passed. In jurisdictions where a constitutional amendment can be passed by a dominant party/coalition without bipartisan support or the general support of the people, the courts may intervene, but only where the constitutional amendment(s) in question is/are so manifestly unreasonable that such a revision is akin to a substantial destruction of the pre-existing constitution. But no constitutional amendment should ever be judicially invalidated for violating any implied ‘basic features’ of the constitution when the amendment process is particularly cumbersome and requires significant bipartisan support and the general public’s express or implicit endorsement for the amendment to pass.
Diversity and cosmopolitan democracy: Avoiding global democratic relativism
Authors: CABRERA LUIS 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMany recent arguments for trans-state and global democracy would offer broad leeway on constitutionalized right standards to states, and few formal mechanisms for individuals to challenge domestic rights rejections beyond the state. Such a stance, it is shown here, tends to be rooted in implicit presumptions of domestic consensus. Challenges are offered to this and related presumptions in accounts of cosmopolitan democracy, as well as global variants of liberal nationalism and political liberalism. An alternative, primarily instrumental approach to trans-state and global democracy is detailed. It would give emphasis to ways in which formal suprastate participation, complemented by challenge mechanisms for individuals, could play a crucial role in helping to strengthen individual rights protections within states. The case for adopting such an approach is reinforced through attention to the efforts of a persistent domestic democratic minority – Dalits in India – to reach out to the global human rights regime for help in pressuring their own state to better protect rights against exclusion and subjugation.
Sense of Coherence und Konsum psychoaktiver Substanzen bei Jugendlichen
Authors: Wippermann Christina E. M. , Grevenstein Dennis , Nagy Ede , Neubert Jonas C. , Verres Rolf , Kröninger-Jungaberle Henrik 
Published: January 2015

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung des Sense of Coherence (SOC) sensu Antonovsky an einer Stichprobe von 318 Jugendlichen mithilfe von General Growth Mixture Modeling längsschnittlich vom 14. bis zum 24. Lebensjahr. Geprüft werden Zusammenhänge zwischen dem SOC-Entwicklungsverlauf und dem Konsum von Tabak, Alkohol und Cannabis, sowie der Lebenszufriedenheit, Leistungszufriedenheit, sportlichen Aktivität und soziodemographischen Variablen. Es lassen sich drei Entwicklungsverläufe differenzieren, die sich im Ausgangsniveau unterscheiden, aber im Zeitverlauf stabil bleiben. Weibliche Teilnehmende hatten eine höhere Wahrscheinlichkeit der Gruppe mit dem im Verlauf höchsten SOC zuzugehören. Personen mit höchstem SOC konsumierten am wenigsten Alkohol, Tabak und Cannabis sowohl im Jugendalter als auch im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Personen mit niedrigstem SOC konsumierten nicht nur häufiger, sondern auch eher problematischer. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass der SOC bereits im frühen Jugendalter relativ stabil ist und bei der Vorhersage des Substanzkonsums im Jugendalter und im jungen Erwachsenenalter eine Rolle spielt.
A multitrophic model to quantify the effects of marine viruses on microbial food webs and ecosystem processes
Authors: Weitz Joshua S , Stock Charles A , Wilhelm Steven W , Bourouiba Lydia , Coleman Maureen L , Buchan Alison , Follows Michael J , Fuhrman Jed A , Jover Luis F , Lennon Jay T , Middelboe Mathias , Sonderegger Derek L , Suttle Curtis A , Taylor Bradford P , Frede Thingstad T , Wilson William H , Eric Wommack K 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Viral lysis of microbial hosts releases organic matter that can then be assimilated by nontargeted microorganisms. Quantitative estimates of virus-mediated recycling of carbon in marine waters, first established in the late 1990s, were originally extrapolated from marine host and virus densities, host carbon content and inferred viral lysis rates. Yet, these estimates did not explicitly incorporate the cascade of complex feedbacks associated with virus-mediated lysis. To evaluate the role of viruses in shaping community structure and ecosystem functioning, we extend dynamic multitrophic ecosystem models to include a virus component, specifically parameterized for processes taking place in the ocean euphotic zone. Crucially, we are able to solve this model analytically, facilitating evaluation of model behavior under many alternative parameterizations. Analyses reveal that the addition of a virus component promotes the emergence of complex communities. In addition, biomass partitioning of the emergent multitrophic community is consistent with well-established empirical norms in the surface oceans. At steady state, ecosystem fluxes can be probed to characterize the effects that viruses have when compared with putative marine surface ecosystems without viruses. The model suggests that ecosystems with viruses will have (1) increased organic matter recycling, (2) reduced transfer to higher trophic levels and (3) increased net primary productivity. These model findings support hypotheses that viruses can have significant stimulatory effects across whole-ecosystem scales. We suggest that existing efforts to predict carbon and nutrient cycling without considering virus effects are likely to miss essential features of marine food webs that regulate global biogeochemical cycles.
An oncogenic role of Agrin in regulating focal adhesion integrity in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Chakraborty Sayan , Lakshmanan Manikandan , Swa Hannah L.F. , Chen Jianxiang , Zhang Xiaoqian , Ong Yan Shan , Loo Li Shen , Akıncılar Semih Can , Gunaratne Jayantha , Tergaonkar Vinay , Hui Kam M. , Hong Wanjin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. The identity and role of cell surface molecules driving complex biological events leading to HCC progression are poorly understood, hence representing major lacunae in HCC therapies. Here, combining SILAC quantitative proteomics and biochemical approaches, we uncover a critical oncogenic role of Agrin, which is overexpressed and secreted in HCC. Agrin enhances cellular proliferation, migration and oncogenic signalling. Mechanistically, Agrin’s extracellular matrix sensor activity provides oncogenic cues to regulate Arp2/3-dependent ruffling, invadopodia formation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition through sustained focal adhesion integrity that drives liver tumorigenesis. Furthermore, Agrin signalling through Lrp4-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) forms a critical oncogenic axis. Importantly, antibodies targeting Agrin reduced oncogenic signalling and tumour growth in vivo. Together, we demonstrate that Agrin is frequently upregulated and important for oncogenic property of HCC, and is an attractive target for antibody therapy.
A nutritionally-enhanced oil from transgenic Camelina sativa effectively replaces fish oil as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid for fish
Authors: Betancor M. B. , Sprague M. , Usher S. , Sayanova O. , Campbell P. J. , Napier J. A. , Tocher D. R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFor humans a daily intake of up to 500 mg omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is recommended, amounting to an annual requirement of 1.25 million metric tonnes (mt) for a population of 7 billion people. The annual global supply of n-3 LC-PUFA cannot meet this level of requirement and so there is a large gap between supply and demand. The dietary source of n-3 LC-PUFA, fish and seafood, is increasingly provided by aquaculture but using fish oil in feeds to supply n-3 LC-PUFA is unsustainable. Therefore, new sources of n-3 LC-PUFA are required to supply the demand from aquaculture and direct human consumption. One approach is metabolically engineering oilseed crops to synthesize n-3 LC-PUFA in seeds. TransgenicCamelina sativaexpressing algal genes was used to produce an oil containing n-3 LC-PUFA to replace fish oil in salmon feeds. The oil had no detrimental effects on fish performance, metabolic responses or the nutritional quality of the fillets of the farmed fish.
An injectable acoustic transmitter for juvenile salmon
Authors: Deng Z. D. , Carlson T. J. , Li H. , Xiao J. , Myjak M. J. , Lu J. , Martinez J. J. , Woodley C. M. , Weiland M. A. , Eppard M. B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSalmon recovery and the potential detrimental effects of dams on fish have been attracting national attention due to the environmental and economic implications. In recent years acoustic telemetry has been the primary method for studying salmon passage. However, the size of the existing transmitters limits the minimum size of fish that can be studied, introducing a bias to the study results. We developed the first acoustic fish transmitter that can be implanted by injection instead of surgery. The new injectable transmitter lasts four times longer and weighs 30% less than other transmitters. Because the new transmitter costs significantly less to use and may substantially reduce adverse effects of implantation and tag burden, it will allow for study of migration behavior and survival of species and sizes of fish that have never been studied before. The new technology will lead to critical information needed for salmon recovery and the development of fish-friendly hydroelectric systems.
Correlation of serum KL-6 and CC16 levels with neurodevelopmental outcome in premature infants at 12 months corrected age
Authors: Zhang Zhiqun , Lu Hui , Zhu Yunxia , Xiang Junhua , Huang Xianmei 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate KL-6 and CC16 levels and their correlation with neurodevelopmental outcome among very low birth weight pre-term infants at 12 months corrected age. This prospective cohort study was performed from 2011 to 2013 by enrolling pre-term neonates of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks and birth weight ≤ 1500 g. Serum KL-6 and CC16 levels were determined 7 days after birth and their correlation with neurodevelopment was evaluated using Gesell Mental Developmental Scales. Of the 86 eligible pre-term infants, 63 completed follow-up, of which 15 had bronchopulmonary dysplasia. At 12 months corrected age, 49 infants had favorable outcomes and 14 infants had poor neurodevelopmental outcome. KL-6 levels were higher and CC16 levels were lower in infants with poor neurodevelopmental outcome compared with those infants who had favourable neurodevelopmental outcome. Serum KL-6 levels less than 90.0 ng/ml and CC16 levels greater than 320.0 pg/ml at 7 days of life were found to be predictive of a favourable outcome at 12 months corrected age. These biological markers could predict neurodevelopmental outcome at 12 months corrected age in very low birth weight premature infants and help the clinician plan early therapeutic interventions to minimize or avoid poor neurodevelopmental outcome.
Detrended Partial-Cross-Correlation Analysis: A New Method for Analyzing Correlations in Complex System
Authors: Yuan Naiming , Fu Zuntao , Zhang Huan , Piao Lin , Xoplaki Elena , Luterbacher Juerg 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new method, detrended partial-cross-correlation analysis (DPCCA), is proposed. Based on detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA), this method is improved by including partial-correlation technique, which can be applied to quantify the relations of two non-stationary signals (with influences of other signals removed) on different time scales. We illustrate the advantages of this method by performing two numerical tests. Test I shows the advantages of DPCCA in handling non-stationary signals, while Test II reveals the “intrinsic” relations between two considered time series with potential influences of other unconsidered signals removed. To further show the utility of DPCCA in natural complex systems, we provide new evidence on the winter-time Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the winter-time Nino3 Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly (Nino3-SSTA) affecting the Summer Rainfall over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River (SRYR). By applying DPCCA, better significant correlations between SRYR and Nino3-SSTA on time scales of 6 ~ 8 years are found over the period 1951 ~ 2012, while significant correlations between SRYR and PDO on time scales of 35 years arise. With these physically explainable results, we have confidence that DPCCA is an useful method in addressing complex systems.