bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological study of acute poisoning in children: a 5-year retrospective study in the Paediatric University Hospital in Białystok, Poland
Authors: Pawłowicz Urszula , Wasilewska Anna , Olański Witold , Stefanowicz Marta 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundPoisoning among children and youths in the northeastern part of Poland accounted for 25% of the total number of patients admitted to the Hospital Emergency Department of the Paediatric University Hospital of Bialystok.We hypothesise that the epidemiology of poisoned paediatric patients admitted is related to increase in ‘designer drugs’ (mainly amphetamine- and ecstasy-like psychostimulants, hallucinogens and synthetic cannabinoids (‘spice’) intake, which became popular 5 years ago in our country.MethodsA retrospective chart review of medical records of 489 patients admitted due to poisoning in the 5-year period (2006–2010). The data included: age, sex, place of residence, nature of the substance, causes of poisoning, former use of psychoactive stimulants, accompanying self-mutilation and injuries and length of hospitalisation. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages, and continuous variables as mean and SD. The data were collected in a Microsoft Excel database. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences.ResultsOut of 2176 hospitalised children, 489 were admitted because of poisoning. Out of these, 244 (49.9%) were hospitalised due to intoxication by alcohol. Only eight children used designer drugs. The mean age of all patients in our group was 12.86±5.04 years, of which 52.4% were male. Poisoning was intentional in 75.5%, and accidental in 24.5% of cases. Appearance of ‘designer drugs’ had no significant impact on the number and epidemiology of poisonings in our group.
Cisplatin Sensitivity Mediated by WEE1 and CHK1 Is Mediated by miR-155 and the miR-15 Family
Authors: Pouliot Lynn M. , Chen Yu-Chi , Bai Jennifer , Guha Rajarshi , Martin Scott E. , Gottesman Michael M. , Hall Matthew D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractResistance to platinum-based therapies arises by multiple mechanisms, including by alterations to cell-cycle kinases that mediate G2–M phase arrest. In this study, we conducted parallel high-throughput screens for microRNAs (miRNA) that could restore sensitivity to cisplatin-resistant cells, and we screened for kinases targeted by miRNAs that mediated cisplatin resistance. Overexpression of the cell-cycle kinases WEE1 and CHK1 occurred commonly in cisplatin-resistant cells. miRNAs in the miR-15/16/195/424/497 family were found to sensitize cisplatin-resistant cells to apoptosis by targeting WEE1 and CHK1. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that miR-15 family members controlled the expression of WEE1 and CHK1. Supporting these results, we found that in the presence of cisplatin altering expression of miR-16 or related genes altered cell cycle distribution. Our findings reveal critical regulation of miRNAs and their cell-cycle–associated kinase targets in mediating resistance to cisplatin. Cancer Res; 72(22); 5945–55. ©2012 AACR.
GF-15, a Novel Inhibitor of Centrosomal Clustering, Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Raab Marc S. , Breitkreutz Iris , Anderhub Simon , Rønnest Mads H. , Leber Blanka , Larsen Thomas O. , Weiz Ludmila , Konotop Gleb , Hayden Patrick J. , Podar Klaus , Fruehauf Johannes , Nissen Felix , Mier Walter , Haberkorn Uwe , Ho Anthony D. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Anderson Kenneth C. , Clausen Mads H. , Krämer Alwin 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In contrast to normal cells, malignant cells are frequently aneuploid and contain multiple centrosomes. To allow for bipolar mitotic division, supernumerary centrosomes are clustered into two functional spindle poles in many cancer cells. Recently, we have shown that griseofulvin forces tumor cells with supernumerary centrosomes to undergo multipolar mitoses resulting in apoptotic cell death. Here, we describe the characterization of the novel small molecule GF-15, a derivative of griseofulvin, as a potent inhibitor of centrosomal clustering in malignant cells. At concentrations where GF-15 had no significant impact on tubulin polymerization, spindle tension was markedly reduced in mitotic cells upon exposure to GF-15. Moreover, isogenic cells with conditional centrosome amplification were more sensitive to GF-15 than parental controls. In a wide array of tumor cell lines, mean inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for proliferation and survival were in the range of 1 to 5 μmol/L and were associated with apoptotic cell death. Importantly, treatment of mouse xenograft models of human colon cancer and multiple myeloma resulted in tumor growth inhibition and significantly prolonged survival. These results show the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of a prototype small molecule inhibitor of centrosomal clustering and strongly support the further evaluation of this new class of molecules. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5374–85. ©2012 AACR.
Inactivating All Three Rb Family Pocket Proteins Is Insufficient to Initiate Cervical Cancer
Authors: Shin Myeong-Kyun , Sage Julien , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) is associated etiologically with many human cervical cancers. It encodes 3 oncogenes E5, E6, and E7. Of these oncogenes, E7 has been found to be the dominant driver of cervical cancer in mice. More than 100 cellular proteins have been reported to associate with HPV-16 E7, which is thought to dysregulate the cell cycle in part by binding and inducing the degradation of pRb and its related pocket protein family members, p107 and p130. The ability of E7 to inactivate the pRb family correlates with its ability to induce head and neck cancers in mice. We previously showed that the inactivation of pRb is itself not sufficient to recapitulate the oncogenic properties of E7 in cervical carcinogenesis. In this study, we evaluated mice that were deficient in multiple pocket proteins, including mice that lacked pRb, p107, and p130. Strikingly, combined loss of two or all 3 pocket proteins resulted in development of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, but not frank cervical carcinoma. These findings strongly argue that the oncogenic properties of HPV-16 E7 in human cervical carcinogenesis may involve disruption of E7 binding proteins beyond simply the pRb family members. Cancer Res; 72(20); 5418–27. ©2012 AACR.
Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia in Nonischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Tokuda Michifumi , Tedrow Usha B. , Kojodjojo Pipin , Inada Keiichi , Koplan Bruce A. , Michaud Gregory F. , John Roy M. , Epstein Laurence M. , Stevenson William G. 
Published: September 2012

Background—
Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in nonischemic heart diseases can be challenging, and outcomes across different diseases are incompletely defined. The aim of this study was to describe the outcomes after catheter ablation for nonischemic VT in a large cohort and to compare the electrophysiological findings and outcomes according to the type of underlying disease.

Methods and Results—

Of the 891 consecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation for ventricular arrhythmias, 226 patients (52±14 years; 79% men) with sustained VT due to nonischemic heart disease were included. The primary end point was all-cause death or heart transplantation. Secondary end points were a composite of death, heart transplantation, or readmission because of VT recurrence within 1 year of discharge. Underlying heart diseases were dilated cardiomyopathy in 119 (53%), valvular heart disease in 34 (15%), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in 37 (16%), congenital heart disease in 16 (7%), cardiac sarcoidosis in 13 (6%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 7 (3%) patients. After ablation, inability to induce any VT was achieved in 55%, and another 20% had inducible VTs modified. Major complications occurred in 5%. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy had better outcomes than dilated cardiomyopathy for primary (
P
=0.002) and secondary end points (
P
=0.004). Sarcoidosis had worse outcome than dilated cardiomyopathy for secondary end point (
P
=0.002). At 1 year after the last ablation (a mean of 1.4±0.6 procedures, 1–4), freedom from death, heart transplantation, and readmission for VT recurrence were achieved in 173 (77%) patients.

Conclusions—
In patients with recurrent VT due to nonischemic heart disease, catheter ablation is often useful, although the outcome varies according to the nature of the underlying heart disease.
Response of Freshwater Flux and Sea Surface Salinity to Variability of the Atlantic Warm Pool
Authors: Wang Chunzai , Zhang Liping , Lee Sang-Ki 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The response of freshwater flux and sea surface salinity (SSS) to the Atlantic warm pool (AWP) variations from seasonal to multidecadal time scales is investigated by using various reanalysis products and observations. All of the datasets show a consistent response for all time scales: A large (small) AWP is associated with a local freshwater gain (loss) to the ocean, less (more) moisture transport across Central America, and a local low (high) SSS. The moisture budget analysis demonstrates that the freshwater change is dominated by the atmospheric mean circulation dynamics, while the effect of thermodynamics is of secondary importance. Further decomposition points out that the contribution of the mean circulation dynamics primarily arises from its divergent part, which mainly reflects the wind divergent change in the low level as a result of SST change. In association with a large (small) AWP, warmer (colder) than normal SST over the tropical North Atlantic can induce anomalous low-level convergence (divergence), which favors anomalous ascent (decent) and thus generates more (less) precipitation. On the other hand, a large (small) AWP weakens (strengthens) the trade wind and its associated westward moisture transport to the eastern North Pacific across Central America, which also favors more (less) moisture residing in the Atlantic and hence more (less) precipitation. The results imply that variability of freshwater flux and ocean salinity in the North Atlantic associated with the AWP may have the potential to affect the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.
On the Cascading of Dense Shelf Waters in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Falina Anastasia , Sarafanov Artem , Mercier Herlé , Lherminier Pascale , Sokov Alexey , Daniault Nathalie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Hydrographic data collected in the Irminger Sea in the 1990s–2000s indicate that dense shelf waters carried by the East Greenland Current south of the Denmark Strait intermittently descend (cascade) down the continental slope and merge with the deep waters originating from the Nordic Seas overflows. Repeat measurements on the East Greenland shelf at ~200 km south of the Denmark Strait (65°–66°N) reveal that East Greenland shelf waters in the Irminger Sea are occasionally as dense (σ0 &gt; 27.80) as the overflow-derived deep waters carried by the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC). Clear hydrographic traces of upstream cascading of dense shelf waters are found over the continental slope at 64.3°N, where the densest plumes (σ0 &gt; 27.80) originating from the shelf are identified as distinct low-salinity anomalies in the DWBC. Downstream observations suggest that dense fresh waters descending from the shelf in the northern Irminger Sea can be distinguished in the DWBC up to the latitude of Cape Farewell (~60°N) and that these waters make a significant contribution to the DWBC transport.
Comparison of Airborne In Situ, Airborne Radar–Lidar, and Spaceborne Radar–Lidar Retrievals of Polar Ice Cloud Properties Sampled during the POLARCAT Campaign
Authors: Delanoë Julien , Protat Alain , Jourdan Olivier , Pelon Jacques , Papazzoni Mathieu , Dupuy Régis , Gayet Jean-Francois , Jouan Caroline 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This study illustrates the high potential of RALI, the French airborne radar–lidar instrument, for studying cloud processes and evaluating satellite products when satellite overpasses are available. For an Arctic nimbostratus ice cloud collected on 1 April 2008 during the Polar Study using Aircraft, Remote Sensing, Surface Measurements and Models, of Climate, Chemistry, Aerosols, and Transport (POLARCAT) campaign, the capability of this synergistic instrument to retrieve cloud properties and to characterize the cloud phase at scales smaller than a kilometer, which is crucial for cloud process analysis, is demonstrated. A variational approach, which combines radar and lidar, is used to retrieve the ice-water content (IWC), extinction, and effective radius. The combination of radar and lidar is shown to provide better retrievals than do stand-alone methods and, in general, the radar overestimates and the lidar underestimates IWC. As the sampled ice cloud was simultaneously observed by CloudSat and Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellites, a new way to assess satellite cloud products by combining in situ and active remote sensing measurements is identified. It was then possible to compare RALI to three satellite ice cloud products: CloudSat, CALIPSO, and the Cloud-Aerosol-Water-Radiation Interactions (ICARE) center’s radar–lidar project (DARDAR).
Explaining Temporary and Permanent Motor Vehicle Theft Rates in the United States A Crime-Specific Approach
Authors: Roberts Aki , Block Steven 
Published: September 2012

Objectives: To apply crime-specific models based on differing potential offender pools and opportunity structures to temporary and permanent motor vehicle theft (MVT). Method: Using 310 U.S. cities with 50,000 or more residents, the current study developed and examined crime-specific multivariate models for temporary and permanent MVT rates. To evaluate the distinctiveness of crime-specific variables’ associations with each MVT type, the study also predicted each MVT rate via measures theoretically specific to the other. Results: Among temporary-specific variables, young male population and the percentage of households without a vehicle were positively associated with temporary MVT. Permanent-specific measures of adult male property offender pool size, percentage of households with high disposable income, unemployment, U.S.-Mexico border proximity, and auto-related businesses were associated with permanent MVT (though in an unexpected direction for disposable income). Some variables were associated with both types of MVT, but young male population was uniquely associated with temporary MVT while unemployment rate, distance to U.S.-Mexico border and number of auto-related businesses were specific to permanent MVT. Conclusions: Findings suggest that specific prevention approaches are needed for each type of MVT. Shortcomings of the research include potential misclassification of temporary and permanent MVT and lack of some potentially important opportunity variables.
Effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Tinnitus
Authors: Peng Zhe , Chen Xiu‐Qi , Gong Shu‐Sheng 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for chronic tinnitus.Data SourcesRelevant electronic databases and a reference list of articles published up to January 2012 were searched. Randomized controlled clinical trials of all types of rTMS treatment for patients with chronic tinnitus were included.Review MethodsA literature search was conducted with structured criteria to select studies evaluated for systematic review.ResultsFive trials (160 participants) were included in this review. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment showed benefits in the short term, but the long‐term effects are questionable. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) were the major assessment methods used. After active TMS stimulation, the reduction in the THI total score and VAS was significant compared with baseline at the first time point assessed and in the short term (2 weeks and 4 weeks). The longest follow‐up time was 26 weeks after treatment, and the shortest follow‐up time was 2 weeks. No severe side effects were reported from the use of rTMS. Differences in age, hearing level, duration of tinnitus of the included patients, and the condition of sham treatment may influence the effect.ConclusionRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could be a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic tinnitus, and thus far we have not been able to demonstrate any substantial risk from rTMS treatment. However, the long‐term effects of rTMS treatment for tinnitus are not clear and will require further study.
Irreducible Dislocation of All the Lesser Metatarsophalangeal Joints of the Foot
Authors: Neogi Devdatta Suhas , Bandekar Shivanand M. , Sadekar Vilas , Patnaik Sarthak , Bhat Trivikram , D’Mello Zelio 
Published: September 2012

We report a case of irreducible dorsal dislocation of all the lesser metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot following injury at sport. Plantar plate prevented reduction at all the joints, which necessitated an open reduction and stabilization with K-wire. This report highlights the necessity of prompt open reduction and reviews the mechanism of injury and complex anatomy at metatarsophalangeal joint. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV, Case study
An integrated approach in the diagnosis of smoking-related interstitial lung diseases
Authors: Caminati Antonella , Cavazza Alberto , Sverzellati Nicola , Harari Sergio 
Published: September 2012

Cigarette smoke consists of several chemical compounds with a variety of effects in many organs. In the lung, apart being the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, carcinoma and idiopathic spontaneous pneumothorax, tobacco smoke is associated with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), including respiratory bronchiolitis-associated ILD (RB-ILD), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP), pulmonary Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis (PLCH), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, ILD in rheumatoid arthritis and pulmonary haemorrhage in Goodpasture syndrome.This review will focus on the diseases with a stronger epidemiological association with tobacco smoke, namely RB-ILD, DIP and PLCH. Although the exact pathogenetic evidence linking smoking with these disorders is still not completely understood, there is growing evidence that tobacco smoke targets the terminal or respiratory bronchioles in these diseases, and the differences are reflective of the degree of severity of small airway and parenchymal reaction to the smoke exposure.Despite considerable clinical, radiological and histological overlap between RB-ILD, DIP and PLCH, it is useful to retain the separate classifications for prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary hypertension: standard operating procedure
Authors: Howard Luke S. , Grapsa Julia , Dawson David , Bellamy Michael , Chambers John B. , Masani Navroz D. , Nihoyannopoulos Petros , Simon R. Gibbs J. 
Published: September 2012

Patients with suspected pulmonary hypertension (PH) should be evaluated using a multimodality approach to ensure that they receive a correct diagnosis. The series of investigations required includes clinical evaluation, noninvasive imaging techniques and right heart catheterisation (considered to be the “gold standard” for the diagnosis of PH). Current guidelines recommend that a detailed echocardiographic assessment is performed in all patients with suspected PH.In this review we summarise a protocol adopted by the National Pulmonary Hypertension Centres of UK and Ireland and approved by the British Society of Echocardiography for the evaluation of these patients. The views and measurements described are recommended for diagnosis, assisting in prognosis and providing a noninvasive means of following disease progression or response to therapy.
Portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome: a clinician-oriented overview
Authors: Porres-Aguilar Mateo , Altamirano Jose T. , Torre-Delgadillo Aldo , Charlton Michael R. , Duarte-Rojo Andres 
Published: September 2012

Liver disease and portal hypertension can be associated with pulmonary vascular complications, including portopulmonary hypertension (POPH), characterised by an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure secondary to an increased pulmonary vascular resistance, and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), characterised by hypoxaemia due to pulmonary vasodilatation and shunting.Although clear diagnostic guidelines exist for both conditions on the basis of echocardiography, right heart catheterisation and arterial blood gases, there is considerable variation between centres regarding diagnosis and management of these conditions. Awareness of evaluation and management algorithms for POPH and HPS are critical for optimisation of outcomes in patients with these conditions.Key aspects of management of POPH and HPS include identification of patients likely to benefit from liver transplantation (LTx) and management before and after LTx. Although both disorders may improve after LTx, severe forms of POPH represent a contraindication to LTx.Novel approaches to the treatment of POPH and HPS offer new management options that may expand the pool of transplantable patients and improve overall outcomes.
Lymphatics in lymphangioleiomyomatosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Glasgow Connie G. , El-Chemaly Souheil , Moss Joel 
Published: September 2012

The primary function of the lymphatic system is absorbing and transporting macromolecules and immune cells to the general circulation, thereby regulating fluid, nutrient absorption and immune cell trafficking. Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in tissue inflammation and tumour cell dissemination. Lymphatic involvement is seen in lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).LAM, a disease primarily affecting females, involves the lung (cystic destruction), kidney (angiomyolipoma) and axial lymphatics (adenopathy and lymphangioleiomyoma). LAM occurs sporadically or in association with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Cystic lung destruction results from proliferation of LAM cells, which are abnormal smooth muscle-like cells with mutations in theTSC1orTSC2gene. Lymphatic abnormalities arise from infiltration of LAM cells into the lymphatic wall, leading to damage or obstruction of lymphatic vessels. Benign appearing LAM cells possess metastatic properties and are found in the blood and other body fluids.IPF is a progressive lung disease resulting from fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. Lymphangiogenesis is associated with pulmonary destruction and disease severity. A macrophage subset isolated from IPF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) express lymphatic endothelial cell markersin vitro, in contrast to the same macrophage subset from normal BALF.Herein, we review lymphatic involvement in LAM and IPF.