bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diuretics and Bioimpedance‐Measured Fluid Spaces in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tapolyai Mihály , Faludi Mária , Dossabhoy Neville R. , Barna István , Lengvárszky Zsolt , Szarvas Tibor , Berta Klára , Fülöp Tibor 
Published: October 2014

The authors examined the relationship between thiazide‐type diuretics and fluid spaces in a cohort of hypertensive patients in a retrospective study of 60 stable hypertensive patients without renal abnormalities who underwent whole‐body bioimpedance analysis. Overhydration was greater in the diuretic group, but only to a nonsignificant degree (5.9 vs 2.9%; P=.21). The total body water did not differ in the two groups (41.8 L vs 40.5 L; P=.64). Extracellular fluid volume (ECV) (19.7 L vs 18.5 L; P=.35) and intracellular fluid volume (ICV) spaces (20.8 L vs 21.3 L; P=.75) were also not significantly different in the two groups. The ratio of ICV:ECV, however, appeared different: 1.05 vs 1.15 (P=.017) and the effect was maintained in the linear regression–adjusted model (β coefficient: −0.143; P=.001). The diuretic‐related distortion of ICV:ECV ratio indicates potential fluid redistribution in hypertensive patients, with ICV participating in the process.
Association of Isolated Systolic, Isolated Diastolic, and Systolic‐Diastolic Masked Hypertension With Carotid Artery Intima‐Media Thickness
Authors: Manios Efstathios , Michas Fotios , Stamatelopoulos Kimon , Koroboki Eleni , Stellos Konstantinos , Tsouma Iliana , Vemmos Konstantinos , Zakopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: October 2014

Masked hypertension (MH) is associated with advanced target organ damage. However, patients with MH constitute a group of individuals with heterogeneous characteristics concerning their ambulatory blood pressure (BP) status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of isolated systolic MH, isolated diastolic MH, and systolic/diastolic MH with carotid artery intima‐media thickness (CIMT). A total of 101 patients with MH underwent carotid artery ultrasonographic measurements. The patients were divided into three groups according to office and daytime BP values: isolated systolic MH, isolated diastolic MH, and systolic/diastolic MH. Patients with isolated systolic (n=36) (0.771 mm) and systolic/diastolic MH (n=37) (0.775 mm) had significantly (P<.05) higher CIMT values than those with isolated diastolic MH (n=28) (0.664 mm), even after adjustment for baseline characteristics and risk factors. Patients with isolated systolic and systolic/diastolic MH presented significantly higher CIMT values compared with patients with isolated diastolic MH.
Differential effects of exercise on brain opioid receptor binding and activation in rats
Authors: Arida Ricardo Mario , Gomes da Silva Sérgio , de Almeida Alexandre Aparecido , Cavalheiro Esper Abrão , Zavala‐Tecuapetla Cecilia , Brand Serge , Rocha Luisa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhysical exercise stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptides supposed to be responsible for changes in mood, anxiety, and performance. Exercise alters sensitivity to these effects that modify the efficacy at the opioid receptor. Although there is evidence that relates exercise to neuropeptide expression in the brain, the effects of exercise on opioid receptor binding and signal transduction mechanisms downstream of these receptors have not been explored. Here, we characterized the binding and G protein activation of mu opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor or delta opioid receptor in several brain regions following acute (7 days) and chronic (30 days) exercise. As regards short‐ (acute) or long‐term effects (chronic) of exercise, overall, higher opioid receptor binding was observed in acute‐exercise animals and the opposite was found in the chronic‐exercise animals. The binding of [35S]GTPγS under basal conditions (absence of agonists) was elevated in sensorimotor cortex and hippocampus, an effect more evident after chronic exercise. Divergence of findings was observed for mu opioid receptor, kappa opioid receptor, and delta opioid receptor receptor activation in our study. Our results support existing evidence of opioid receptor binding and G protein activation occurring differentially in brain regions in response to diverse exercise stimuli.
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We characterized the binding and G protein activation of mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors in several brain regions following acute (7 days) and chronic (30 days) exercise. Higher opioid receptor binding was observed in the acute exercise animal group and opposite findings in the chronic exercise group. Higher G protein activation under basal conditions was noted in rats submitted to chronic exercise, as visible in the depicted pseudo‐color autoradiograms.
Psychopathy and Personality: Advances and Debates
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Lynam Donald R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNine original articles comprise this special issue of the Journal of Personality addressing personality‐based perspectives of psychopathy. In this introduction to the special issue, we review five advances and areas of agreement that are highlighted across the articles, including the utility of trait perspectives to psychopathy, the emergence of a prototypical trait profile of psychopathy, the importance of recognizing earlier developmental manifestations of psychopathy, the ongoing study and revelation of the basic neural underpinnings of psychopathy, and the important theoretical and empirical association between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. At the same time, several important debates remain, which are also highlighted in the special issue's articles. These debates center around the necessity and sufficiency of certain psychopathy traits, the role of traits alternatively labeled stable Extraversion, fearless dominance, or boldness, and the validity and utility of separating psychopathy from Machiavellianism as is done in research on the Dark Triad.
Orthographic influences on the word‐onset phoneme preparation effect in native Japanese speakers: Evidence from the word‐form preparation paradigm
Authors: Kureta Yoichi , Fushimi Takao , Sakuma Naoko , Tatsumi Itaru F. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA central issue in recent psycholinguistic research is whether phonological planning units in word production are language‐specific. Evidence from some Indo‐European language speakers contrasts with recent studies of native Chinese and Japanese speakers, who did not exploit word‐onset phonemes in the word‐form preparation paradigm. In the present study, we first replicated our earlier finding that no preparation effect for word‐onset phonemes occurred when target responses were learned from commonly used Japanese orthographies, including kanji and kana. We then asked participants to learn target responses presented in romanized Japanese, known as romaji, and found a significant phoneme preparation effect. However, we failed to find a similar effect for auditory presentations of the target responses during the learning phase. These results suggest that Japanese speakers, who do not essentially base their speech planning on phonemes, can prepare phonemic segments in special circumstances in which the orthographic representation of romanized Japanese is first activated.
Subjective socioeconomic status and departmental identity interact to reduce depressive tendencies and negative affective responding for female undergraduates
Authors: Nakashima Ken'ichiro , Yanagisawa Kuniaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHow do subjective socioeconomic status (SES) and departmental identity promote the mental health of female undergraduates? We conducted a questionnaire study (Study 1) and an experimental study (Study 2) with undergraduates enrolled in a women's junior college to examine whether subjective SES and group identity have an interactive effect on mental health. Results indicated that in participants with high subjective SES, increased identification with their reference in‐group (the academic department) was associated with a decreased tendency for depression (Study 1). These individuals also showed reduced negative affect when responding in situations of social exclusion (Study 2). These effects were absent, or had a reduced intensity in participants with low subjective SES. In sum, subjective SES and departmental identity interact to reduce depressive tendencies and negative affective responding for female undergraduates. Individuals with higher subjective SES may gain more benefits from group identity. We have discussed the implications of these findings.
Factor analysis of the Spanish Burnout Inventory among public administration employees
Authors: Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gil‐Monte Pedro R. , Figueiredo‐Ferraz Hugo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBurnout has been recognized as an important stress‐related problem. Researchers have been troubled by some of the psychometric limitations of the questionnaires developed to evaluate burnout. This study was designed to assess the factor structure of the Spanish Burnout Inventory in a sample of 548 Brazilian public administration employees. This instrument comprises 20 items distributed in four dimensions: enthusiasm toward the job (5 items), psychological exhaustion (4 items), indolence (6 items), and guilt (5 items). The factor structure was examined through confirmatory factor analysis. To assess the factorial validity of the Spanish Burnout Inventory, four alternative models were tested. The four‐factor model obtained an adequate data fit for the sample, χ2(164) = 514.358, p < .001, RMSEA = .062, GFI = .910, NFI = .915, CFI = .940, and AIC = 606.358. The results showed that the four‐model factor of the Spanish Burnout Inventory possesses adequate psychometric properties in the Brazilian cultural context. Implications for future research and practice are also discussed.
Judgment of infant cry: The roles of acoustic characteristics and sociodemographic characteristics
Authors: Esposito Gianluca , Nakazawa Jun , Venuti Paola , Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAdult judgments of infant cry are determined by both acoustic properties of the cry and listener sociodemographic characteristics. The main purpose of this research was to investigate how these two sources shape adult judgments of infant cry. We systematically manipulated both the acoustic properties of infant cries and contrasted listener sociodemographic characteristics. Then, we asked participants to listen to several acoustic manipulations of infant cries and to judge the level of distress the infant was expressing and the level of distress participants felt when listening. Finally, as a contrasting condition, participants estimated the age of the crying infant. Using tree‐based models, we found that judgments of the level of distress the infant was expressing as well as the level of distress listeners felt are mainly accounted for by select acoustic properties of infant cry (proportion of sound/pause, fundamental frequency, and number of utterances), whereas age estimates of a crying infant are determined mainly by listener sociodemographic characteristics (gender and parental status). Implications for understanding infant cry and its effects as well as early caregiver‐infant interactions are discussed.
Cellular composition of long‐standing gingivitis and periodontitis lesions
Authors: Thorbert‐Mros S. , Larsson L. , Berglundh T. 
Published: October 2014

Background and ObjectiveInsufficient information on the cellular composition of long‐standing gingivitis lesions without signs of attachment loss makes an understanding of differences in cellular composition between “destructive” and “nondestructive” periodontal lesions difficult. The aim of the current study was to analyze differences in cell characteristics between lesions representing long‐standing gingivitis and severe periodontitis.Material and MethodsTwo groups of patients were recruited. One group consisted of 36 patients, 33–67 years of age, with severe generalized periodontitis (periodontitis group). The second group consisted of 28 patients, 41–70 years of age, with overt signs of gingival inflammation but no attachment loss (gingivitis group). From each patient a gingival biopsy was obtained from one selected diseased site and prepared for immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsPeriodontitis lesions were twice as large and contained significantly larger proportions, numbers and densities of cells positive for CD138 (plasma cells) and CD68 (macrophages) than did gingivitis lesions. The proportion of B cells that expressed the additional CD5 marker (B‐1a cells) was significantly larger in periodontitis lesions than in gingivitis lesions. The densities of T cells and B cells did not differ between periodontitis lesions and gingivitis lesions. T cells were not the dominating cell type in gingivitis lesions, as B cells together with their subset plasma cells comprised a larger number and proportion than T cells.ConclusionPeriodontitis lesions at teeth with advanced attachment and bone loss exhibit quantitative and qualitative differences in relation to gingivitis lesions at teeth with no attachment and bone loss. It is suggested that the large number and high density of plasma cells are the hallmarks of advanced periodontitis lesions and the most conspicuous difference in relation to long‐standing gingivitis lesions.
Associations of apolipoprotein E and low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 polymorphisms with dyslipidemia and generalized aggressive periodontitis in a Chinese population
Authors: Gao H. , Tian Y. , Meng H. , Hou J. , Xu L. , Zhang L. , Shi D. , Lu R. , Feng X. , Wang X. , Chen Z. 
Published: October 2014

Background and ObjectiveDyslipidemia is associated with aggressive periodontitis, a condition characterized by the rapid destruction of the periodontium. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 5 (LRP5) are involved in immunomodulation and inflammatory activity. We evaluated the association of LRP5 and APOE polymorphisms with serum lipid concentrations and generalized aggressive periodontitis within a Chinese population.Material and MethodsMean serum lipid concentrations were compared across LRP5 and APOE polymorphisms, among cases (n = 185) and controls (n = 138). Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent and combined associations of LRP5 and APOE polymorphisms with generalized aggressive periodontitis.ResultsCompared with controls, individuals with generalized aggressive periodontitis exhibited significantly lower serum total cholesterol (TC) and lower high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c). Individuals with LRP5 polymorphisms (rs682429‐AA or rs312016‐GG) exhibited higher TC, higher HDL‐c and decreased odds for generalized aggressive periodontitis. Haplotype (A‐G), determined by rs682429 and rs312016, was also associated with decreased odds for generalized aggressive periodontitis. Furthermore, individuals with the combined polymorphisms (LRP5‐rs682429‐AA and APOE‐rs429358‐CC/CT) had higher levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, higher levels of TC and decreased odds for generalized aggressive periodontitis.ConclusionIndependently or combined with APOE, LRP5 polymorphisms may lead to dyslipidemia and are associated with generalized aggressive periodontitis. Dyslipidemia may be a risk indicator for generalized aggressive periodontitis in the Chinese population. Furthermore, two LRP5 polymorphisms (rs682429 and rs312016) might be useful for identifying subjects at higher risk of generalized aggressive periodontitis.
Mediators of Sexual Functioning and Marital Quality in Chronically Depressed Adults with and Without a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse
Authors: Dunlop Boadie W. , Hill Eric , Johnson Benjamin N. , Klein Daniel N. , Gelenberg Alan J. , Rothbaum Barbara O. , Thase Michael E. , Kocsis James H. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual dysfunction is common among depressed adults. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and depressive symptomology are among the risk factors for sexual dysfunction, and these factors may interact to predict adult relationship functioning. Several models have been developed postulating interactions between these variables.

Aim
We tested models of the effects of CSA and elucidate the associations between CSA, sexual dysfunction, depression severity, anxiety, and relationship quality in chronically depressed adults.

Methods
Baseline data from 808 chronically depressed outpatients enrolled in the Research Evaluating the Value of Augmenting Medication with Psychotherapy study were evaluated using structural equation modeling.

Main Outcome Measures
The Inventory of Depressive Symptomology, self-report version (IDS-SR) assessed depression severity, and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom Questionnaire Anxious Arousal subscale assessed anxiety. Sexual function was assessed with the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), and the Quality of Marriage Index (QMI) assessed relationship quality for patients in stable relationships.

Results
CSA scores predicted depression severity on the IDS-SR, as well as lower relationship quality and sexual satisfaction. ASEX scores were significantly associated with depression severity but were not correlated with the QMI. Two models were evaluated to elucidate these associations, revealing that (i) depression severity and anxious arousal mediated the relationship between CSA and adult sexual function, (ii) anxious arousal and sexual functioning mediated the association between CSA and depression symptoms, and (iii) when these models were combined, anxious arousal emerged as the most important mediator of CSA on depression which, in turn, mediated associations with adult sexual satisfaction and relationship quality.

Conclusions
Although CSA predicts lower relationship and sexual satisfaction among depressed adults, the long-term effects of CSA appear to be mediated by depressive and anxious symptoms. It is important to address depression and anxiety symptoms when treating patients with CSA who present with sexual dysfunction or marital concerns.
Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Activation, Storage, and Signaling Pathways in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis in Dogs
Authors: Krafft E. , Lybaert P. , Roels E. , Laurila H.P. , Rajamäki M.M. , Farnir F. , Myllärniemi M. , Day M.J. , Mc Entee K. , Clercx C. 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) in dogs is poorly understood. In human, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) is considered central in the pathogenesis.ObjectivesTo investigate TGF‐β1 pathway in IPF.AnimalsLung tissues from 12 affected and 11 control dogs. Serum from 16 affected West Highland white Terriers (WHWTs) and healthy dogs from predisposed (13 WHWTs, 12 Scottish Terriers and 13 Bichons Frise) and nonpredisposed breeds (10 Whippets, 10 Belgian shepherds, 8 Labradors).MethodsIn this prospective study, immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate expression and localization of TGF‐β1 protein and proteins involved in TGF‐β1 signaling (TGF‐β receptor type I and phospho‐Smad2/3). Pulmonary expression of TGF‐β1 and molecules involved in its storage (latent TGF‐β binding proteins [LTBP] 1, 2, and 4), activation (ανβ6 and ανβ8 integrins, thrombospondin‐1) and signal inhibition (Smad 7) was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Circulating TGF‐β1 concentration was measured by ELISA.ResultsIn IPF, high level of TGF‐β1 protein was found in areas of fibrosis, epithelial cells had strong expression of TGF‐β receptor type 1 and phospho‐Smad2/3, gene expression was decreased for LTBP 4 (P = .009) and β8 integrin (P < .001) and increased for thrombospondin‐1 (P = .016); no difference was seen for Smad7, LTBP1 and 2. Serum TGF‐β1 concentration was higher in predisposed compared with nonpredisposed breeds (P < .0001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study identified an enhanced TGF‐β1 signaling activity in IPF. TGF‐β1 storage and activation proteins with altered expression represent potential therapeutic targets. Higher circulating TGF‐β1 concentration in predisposed breeds might partly explain their susceptibility for IPF.
Optimal Capital Taxation, Labour Unions, and the Hold‐Up Problem
Authors: Palokangas Tapio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis document examines optimal capital taxation with wage‐setting labour unions when the government taxes consumption, labour, and capital. The results are as follows. If unions can commit themselves to particular wages for a long period, then there is no hold‐up problem. Otherwise, the hold‐up problem creates a positive link from capital accumulation to the wage. The optimal labour subsidy is positive and greater in the presence than in the absence of the hold‐up problem. The optimal capital subsidy is zero in the absence, but positive in the presence of the hold‐up problem.
False killer whales and fisheries interactions in Hawaiian waters: Evidence for sex bias and variation among populations and social groups
Authors: Baird Robin W. , Mahaffy Sabre D. , Gorgone Antoinette M. , Cullins Tori , McSweeney Dan J. , Oleson Erin M. , Bradford Amanda L. , Barlow Jay , Webster Daniel L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe assessed scarring patterns as evidence of fisheries interactions for three populations of false killer whales in Hawai‘i. Bycatch of the pelagic population in the tuna longline fishery exceeds their Potential Biological Removal level. Scarring was assessed by seven evaluators as consistent, possibly consistent, or not consistent with fisheries interactions, and average scores computed. Scores were highest for scarred main Hawaiian Island (MHI) false killer whales, followed by pelagic and Northwestern Hawaiian Island (NWHI) individuals. Considering only whales for which the majority of evaluators scored scarring as consistent revealed significant differences among populations in the percentage of individuals scarred; MHI: 7.5%, pelagic: 0%, NWHI: 0%. Assessment by social cluster for the MHI population showed that 4.2% of Cluster 1, 7.1% of Cluster 2, and 12.8% of Cluster 3 individuals had such scarring, although differences between clusters were not statistically significant. There was a significant sex bias; all sexed individuals (n = 7) with injuries consistent with fisheries interactions were female. The higher proportion of MHI individuals with fisheries‐related scarring suggests that fisheries interactions are occurring at a higher rate in this population. The bias towards females suggests that fisheries‐related mortality has a disproportionate impact on population dynamics.