bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trueness of the apical and middle root portion segments of 3D‐printed removable die and alveolar cast designs manufactured using stereolithographic 3D printing
Authors: Azpiazu‐Flores Francisco X. , Johnston William M. , Morton Dean , Lin Wei‐Shao , Yilmaz Burak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe present study evaluated the effects of the root portion design, segment (middle vs. apical), and part (die vs. cast) on the trueness of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed removable die‐cast complex.Material and MethodsThe trueness of apical and middle segments of the root portion of 45 3D‐printed removable dies and casts with three different root portion designs (n = 15) was assessed using a metrology‐grade computer program. The three removable dies and cast designs (root form [RF], conical [CON], and cylindric [CYL]) were created using professional computer‐aided manufacturing computer programs (DentalCAD 3.1 Rijeka, and InLab CAD 22.0), and manufactured using stereolithographic 3D printer (Form3; FormLabs, Somerville, MA). Subsequently, the 3D‐printed removable dies and casts were scanned by a single operator with an intraoral scanner (PrimeScan; Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC), and their respective standard tessellation language files were aligned and compared to master reference files in a metrology‐grade computer program (Geomagic Control X; 3D systems, Rock Hill, NC). The root mean square (RMS) values of the middle and apical segments for each removable die and cast were calculated and analyzed using a mixed model including a repeated measure 3‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post‐hoc stepdown Bonferroni‐corrected pairwise comparisons (α = 0.05).ResultsA statistically significant 3‐way interaction between factors was detected, suggesting that the part (removable die or alveolar cast) and their design affected the RMS values of their apical and middle root portion segment. (p = 0.045). The post‐hoc analysis identified significant differences between RMS values of the apical segments of the CON and CYL removable dies (p = 0.005). Significant differences were observed between the middle and apical segments of the CON (p < 0.001) and RF removable die designs (p = 0.004). No statistically significant differences were noticed between the RMS of the different alveolar cast designs (p > 0.05). Significant differences were detected between the apical and middle segments of the same alveolar cast design (p < 0.05).ConclusionsFor the manufacturing trinomial and 3D printing strategy used in the present study, the interaction of the part, design, and segment affected the trueness of removable dies and alveolar casts. The trueness was higher on the middle segment on removable dies and alveolar casts in all designs used, except for CYL removable dies, where the trueness difference between segments was small. Higher trueness values may be achieved with designs with simple apical segment geometries.
Manufacturer–retailer bridge governance in retail supply chains
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Wang Jeff Jianfeng , Zhang Chuang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo address information asymmetry in supply chains, the literature suggests that manufacturers should shift from market governance to hierarchical governance or a combination of both. However, as many manufacturers must continue to rely on market governance, this research introduces a governance strategy, manufacturer–retailer bridge governance (MRBG), for these manufacturers. The research examines the governance effects of MRBG on distributor behavior and the contingent effects of manufacturer status and MRBG strategic orientation. Hypotheses are developed based on in‐depth interviews with sales and purchasing managers and tested in two experiments with sales managers. The results show that MRBG has a double‐edged effect on distributor behavior, and this effect is moderated by manufacturer status. Moreover, the alignment between manufacturer status (high versus low) and MRBG strategic orientation (collaboration versus arbitrage) influences the effectiveness of MRBG.
Inequalities in large‐scale breastfeeding programmes in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso and Vietnam
Authors: Sanghvi Tina G. , Godha Deepali , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInequalities in breastfeeding programmes and practices have slowed global progress in providing the life‐saving protection of breastfeeding for millions of infants despite well‐known life‐long impacts. As breastfeeding interventions are scaled up, inequalities in coverage and breastfeeding practices should be tracked, particularly in disadvantaged groups, who are likely to suffer the most serious health and developmental impacts of poor childhood nutrition. The literature provides evidence of inequalities in breastfeeding practices, but research is limited on socioeconomic disparities in the coverage of breastfeeding interventions. This paper (1) compares inequalities in breastfeeding practices in intervention and nonintervention areas and (2) documents inequalities in programme coverage by type of intervention. We disaggregated endline evaluation surveys in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso and Vietnam, where rigorous evaluations had documented significant overall improvements, and analysed whether inequalities in breastfeeding practices and programme coverage differed by treatment areas. We used Erreygers index to quantify inequalities and found that breastfeeding practices were largely pro‐poor; intervention coverage was not consistently pro‐poor. While counselling coverage often favoured women from the poorest quintile, public education/media coverage consistently favoured better‐off women. Inequalities favoured more educated mothers in the coverage of combined interventions. None of the programmes had explicit equality objectives. The results indicate the need for introducing specific actions to reduce inequalities in breastfeeding policies and programmes. This is a priority unfinished agenda for nutrition programming.
Regional differences in leaf evolution facilitate photosynthesis following severe drought
Authors: Branch Haley A. , Moxley Dylan R. , Angert Amy L. 
Published: July 2024

Summary

Characterizing physiological and anatomical changes that underlie rapid evolution following climatic perturbation can broaden our understanding of how climate change is affecting biodiversity. It can also provide evidence of cryptic adaptation despite stasis at higher levels of biological organization.

Here, we compared evolutionary changes in populations of Mimulus cardinalis from historically different climates in the north and south of the species' range following an exceptional drought. We grew seeds produced from predrought ancestral plants alongside peak‐drought descendants in a common glasshouse and exposed them to wet and dry conditions.

Before the drought, northern ancestral populations expressed traits contributing to drought escape, while southern ancestral populations expressed drought avoidance. Following the drought, both regions evolved to reduce water loss and maintain photosynthesis in dry treatments (drought avoidance), but via different anatomical alterations in stomata, trichomes, and palisade mesophyll. Additionally, southern populations lost the ability to take advantage of wet conditions.

These results reveal rapid evolution towards drought avoidance at an anatomical level following an exceptional drought, but suggest that differences in the mechanisms between regions incur different trade‐offs. This sheds light on the importance of characterizing underlying mechanisms for downstream life‐history and macromorphological traits.
The contribution of milk substitutes to the nutritional status of children with cow's milk allergy
Authors: Parlak‐Hela Zeynep , Sahiner Umit Murat , Sekerel Bulent Enis , Soyer Ozge 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of alternative milk substitutes on the nutritional status of children with cow's milk allergy (CMA), the prevailing cause of food allergies, is unresolved.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed in children older than 2 years with IgE‐mediated CMA. Patients' clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake (by 3‐day food diary), and biochemical markers of nutritional status were assessed.ResultsOne hundred two children with CMA (68.6% boys; median age, 3.7 years; 51% multiple food allergies) were evaluated. 44.1% of the children consumed plant‐based beverages (PBB), 19.6% therapeutic formula and 36.3% did not consume any milk substitutes. In all age groups, dietary calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin D intake of those who did not use milk substitutes were lower than those who consumed formula or PBB (p < .01). Also in the 2–3 years old age group, dietary zinc (p = .011) and iron intake (p = .004) of the formula‐fed group was higher. Formula‐fed patients had higher levels of 25‐OH vitamin D (μg/L) and serum vitamin B12 (ng/L) than PBB‐fed patients (respectively; p < .001, p = .005) and those who did not consume any milk substitute (p < .001). Patients of all ages who did not utilize a milk substitute failed to obtain an adequate amount of dietary calcium.ConclusionThe use of milk substitutes positively affects dietary calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin D intake in CMA, but their contribution is variable. Those who do not use milk substitutes are at greater risk inadequate of dietary calcium intake. Personalized nutritional advice, given the clinical diversity and the impact of individual differences, is required.
Genetic variation in the aquaporin TONOPLAST INTRINSIC PROTEIN 4;3 modulates maize cold tolerance
Authors: Zeng Rong , Zhang Xiaoyan , Song Guangshu , Lv Qingxue , Li Minze , Fu Diyi , Zhang Zhuo , Gao Lei , Zhang Shuaisong , Yang Xiaohong , Tian Feng , Yang Shuhua , Shi Yiting 
Published: July 2024

SummaryCold stress is a major abiotic stress that threatens maize (Zea mays L.) production worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance is crucial for breeding resilient maize varieties. Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) are a subfamily of aquaporins in plants. Here, we report that TIP family proteins are involved in maize cold tolerance. The expression of most TIP genes was responsive to cold stress. Overexpressing TIP2;1, TIP3;2 or TIP4;3 reduced the cold tolerance of maize seedlings, while loss‐of‐function mutants of TIP4;3 exhibited enhanced cold tolerance. Candidate gene‐based association analysis revealed that a 328‐bp transposon insertion in the promoter region of TIP4;3 was strongly associated with maize cold tolerance. This transposon insertion conferred cold tolerance by repressing TIP4;3 expression through increased methylation of its promoter region. Moreover, TIP4;3 was found to suppress stomatal closure and facilitate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under cold stress, thereby inhibiting the expression of cold‐responsive genes, including DEHYDRATION‐RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR 1 (DREB1) genes and a subset of peroxidase genes, ultimately attenuating maize cold tolerance. This study thus elucidates the mechanism underlying TIP‐mediated cold tolerance and identifies a favourable TIP4;3 allele as a potential genetic resource for breeding cold‐tolerant maize varieties.
Flow‐induced interfacial deformation structures (FIDS): Implications for the interpretation of palaeocurrents, flow dynamics and substrate rheology
Authors: Peakall Jeff , Best JAMES L. , Baas Jaco H. , Wignall Paul B. , Hodgson David M. , Łapcik Piotr 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTSole structures on the base of turbidites, and other bed types, are typically classified into scour marks and tool marks, such as flutes, grooves, skim marks and prod marks. Yet, there are a range of other common sole marks that are unrelated to scouring or tools, and whose origin is poorly understood. Prominent among these sole structures are longitudinal ridges and furrows, and ‘dinosaur leather’ structures associated with mud ripples. Herein, these features are described and it is argued that they are the product of deformation of the substrate during a sediment gravity flow event. In these flow‐induced interfacial deformation structures (FIDS), a soft cohesive substrate undergoes deformation in response to a buoyant force induced by the denser basal component of an overriding flow, and the flow interacts with this buoyant deformation through shear to remould the substrate. Variations in the relative strength of these buoyant and shear‐induced forces explain the wide range of FIDS that can form. This FIDS model reinterprets the formation of longitudinal ridges and furrows, which have previously been classified as scour marks, and explains their distinctive spatial patterns. Furthermore, the new model builds on the seminal work of Dżułyński and colleagues in the 1960s and 1970s, who identified that these structures contain key palaeocurrent information, and it is argued that such information is largely under‐utilized. Importantly, alongside their utility as palaeocurrent indicators, FIDS provide insights into the rheology of the substrate at the time of their formation, and thus the nature of basal flow conditions in the formative flows.
Correlates of dangerous firearm storage among a representative sample of firearm owners across nine states
Authors: Moceri‐Brooks Jayna , Paruk Jennifer , Semenza Daniel , Anestis Michael D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify demographic and behavioral correlates of dangerous firearm storage (i.e., unlocked and loaded) among firearm owners in nine states.MethodsOnline survey data from the probability‐based sample were collected using Ipsos Knowledge Panel. Participants were adults residing in nine states across the United States (n = 7785).ResultsNearly one third of the firearm owners within the sample stored at least one of their firearms unlocked and loaded. Greater threat sensitivity was associated with dangerous firearm storage. Established firearm owners who purchased an additional firearm during the firearm purchasing surge (2020–2021) had increased odds of storing at least one firearm unlocked and loaded. Those who had direct exposure to firearm violence and those whose primary reason for having a firearm at home was protection also had increased odds of storing at least one firearm unlocked and loaded.ConclusionsThe results contribute to the literature on firearm storage tendencies, highlighting correlates of dangerous firearm storage within the home related to perceptions of threat and direct experiences with firearm violence. Implications include the need for broad public education on the value of secure storage targeted toward to those who have an elevated perception of danger and have been personally exposed to firearm violence.
Respiratory performance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Clinical manifestations and lessons from animal models
Authors: Delaney Rebecca , O'Halloran Ken D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal genetic neuromuscular disease. Lack of dystrophin in skeletal muscles leads to intrinsic weakness, injury, subsequent degeneration and fibrosis, decreasing contractile function. Dystropathology eventually presents in all inspiratory and expiratory muscles of breathing, severely curtailing their critical function. In people with DMD, premature death is caused by respiratory or cardiac failure. There is an urgent need to develop therapies that improve quality of life and extend life expectancy in DMD. Surprisingly, there is a dearth of information on respiratory control in animal models of DMD, and respiratory outcome measures are often limited or absent in clinical trials. Characterization of respiratory performance in murine and canine models has revealed extensive remodelling of the diaphragm, the major muscle of inspiration. However, significant compensation by extradiaphragmatic muscles of breathing is evident in early disease, contributing to preservation of peak respiratory system performance. Loss of compensation afforded by accessory muscles in advanced disease is ultimately associated with compromised respiratory performance. A new and potentially more translatable murine model of DMD, the D2.mdx mouse, has recently been developed. Respiratory performance in D2.mdx mice is yet to be characterized fully. However, based on histopathological features, D2.mdx mice might serve as useful preclinical models, facilitating the testing of new therapeutics that rescue respiratory function. This review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with DMD both in humans and in animal models, with a focus on breathing. We consider the translational value of each model to human DMD and highlight the urgent need for comprehensive characterization of breathing in representative preclinical models to better inform human trials.
Hydrodynamic Design and Pulsation Evolution in an Axial-Flow Pump Based on Control Mechanism of Flow-Induced Excitation
Authors: Pu Kexin , Liu Xiangsong , Li Qipeng , Lu Shangxiang , Huang Bin , Wu Dazhuan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The physical mechanism, evolution process, and control method on pulsation caused by flow-induced excitation vortex in an axial flow pump are elaborated by numerical calculation and experiment. The mechanism formulation of flow-induced excitation vibration and the unique hydrodynamic design method of airfoil are proposed with three contrast models. According to the action law of inertial centrifugal force in the rotor–stator interaction (RSI) region and guide vane airfoil, the evaluation method between vortex transport, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and flow structure under transient and steady-state of internal flow field is established, which navigates the instability of energy intensity determined by the uneven gradient distribution. The distribution characteristics of flow-induced excitation pulsation in the RSI region and the static region are quantitatively verified by experiment. Along the streamwise direction, the excitation loss changes from impact loss to flow loss, with the RSI vortex affected by wake-jet flow vortices transforming into intervane vortex in the guide vane. In pulsation evaluation, the excitation pulsation form changes from blade frequency fBPF to low frequency band. Overall, the generation analysis of the excitation pulsation is realized based on the hydrodynamic optimal design with the comparison of models, which provides guidance for the optimization design of the axial flow pump to reduce vibration and energy consumption of the cooling system.
Local Surrogate Modeling for Spatial Emulation of Gas-Turbine Combustion Via Similarity-Based Sample Processing
Authors: Geng Junjie , Qi Haiying , Li Jialu , Wang Xingjian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work proposes an accurate and efficient surrogate modeling method for predicting combustion field in a gas-turbine combustor. The method integrates proper orthogonal decomposition-based dimensional reduction, and Gaussian process regression, in conjunction with the similarity-based sample processing technique. The design parameters of concern include fuel mass flowrate and swirler vane angle. Global surrogate models (GSMs) based on proper orthogonal decomposition and kriging produce significant errors for spatial emulation of methane concentration and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), which is found to be largely attributed to the feature disparity of sample data at different design points. The Tanimoto coefficient is introduced to identify the similarity relation of the sample design points. The similarity-based sample processing method leverages the techniques of radial partitioning, azimuthal rotation, and sample similarity clustering to enhance the similarity among samples. The radial partitioning divides the physical fields into subzones according to the peak and trough characteristics along the radial direction. Local surrogate models (LSMs) are then adaptively constructed in the subzones, through azimuthal rotation for the methane concentration field and sample similarity clustering for the TKE field. The results show that the LSMs reduce the average prediction error of the CH4 concentration field from 19.56% to 8.16% and the TKE field from 93.75% to 9.12% compared to the GSMs. The present method can effectively support the surrogate modeling of combustors with complex variations of geometric structures and flow physics.
Spatial Temperature Measurements in a Swirl-Stabilized Hydrogen–Air Diffusion Flame at Elevated Pressure Using Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy
Authors: Chaib Oussama , Weller Lee , Giles Anthony , Morris Steve , Williams Benjamin A. O. , Hochgreb Simone 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Laser-induced grating spectroscopy (LIGS) is applied, for the first time, to a swirling nonpremixed hydrogen–air flame in a high-pressure combustion facility. A portable LIGS unit is used to probe 35 different axial and radial locations in the flame, and a new conditioned processing approach based on laminar flame simulation is introduced to infer temperatures from instantaneous LIGS spectra. Thermal and electrostrictive frequencies are used to produce a spatial map of temperatures in the combustor. Temperatures up to 2500 K are measured in this work, which constitute the highest temperatures ever measured using LIGS. Challenges associated with the deployment of the technique in turbulent stratified hydrogen flames are discussed, as are potential measures to overcome them, including the use of data-driven clustering techniques.