bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and Pathological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in Togo
Authors: Tchin Darré  , Haréfétéguéna Bissa  , Komlavi Ehlissou Akloa  , Essobozou Pegbessou  , Bathokédeou Amana  , Aman Alphonse N’guessan  , Koffi Amégbor  , Essohana Boko  , Gado Napo-Koura  
Published: February 2015

Purpose:Head and neck cancers are a major public health issue. Its current incidence is unknown in Togo. This study aimed at determining the epidemiological and histological features of head and neck cancers in Togo.
Materials and Methods: We examined data from patients files recorded in the registers of laboratory of pathology of the university teaching hospital of Lomé. The study concerned data of the patients received from January 1994 to December 2013. We selected only the files whose diagnosis was a cancer. The parameters analyzed were: frequency, age, gender of patients, site, macroscopic and histological type of cancer.
Results: Epidemiological, we collected 5234 cases of cancer of which 309cases ORL cancers, representing 5.1% of all cancer cases. The annual frequency was 15.09 cases. The average age was 45 years ranging from 3 to 87 years and a peak incidence between 41-50 years (20%). Sex ratio of 1.55.
Concerning pathological, the salivary gland cancers were the most prevalent (28.2%) followed by larynx cancers (24%). Four groups histological were observed: Carcinomas 196cases (63.43%), lymphomas 105cases (33.98%), 6 cases sarcomas (1.94%) and 2cases melanomas (0.65%). The squamous carcinoma (40.78%) was the most frequent carcinomas. The high grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (48,4%) were common with prevalent Burkitt lymphoma.
Conclusion: the head and neck cancers are prevalent in young adults in Togo. The squamous carcinoma is the most common histological type.
Comparison of Prostate Specific Antigen and Prostate Specific Antigen Density for Predicting the Degree of Gleason Score of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Mehrzad Lotfi  , Naghmeh Roshan  , Amin Abolhasani Foroughi  
Published: February 2015

Introduction: In this study we evaluate the relationship of PSA and PSAD with the degree of Gleason score of prostate cancer in transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy specimens.
Methods: From March 2003 to October 2009, 1025 transractal ultrasound guided biopsies were performed in our hospital. PSA was measured by monoclonal antibody method and PSAD was calculated. The Gleason grade of the detected tumors in the biopsy specimens was classified as low, moderate and high grade. Data were analyzed by SPSS software.
Results: 292 patients were diagnosed to have prostate adenocarcinoma. There was an acceptable correlation between PSA (P=0.001) and PSAD of the specimens (P = 0.013) with Gleason grades. PSA level showed a statistically significant difference between the low and high grade groups (P=0.005) and the intermediate and high grade groups (p=0.014). A statistically significant difference of PSAD level was seen only between the low and high grade (P=0.006) groups
Conclusions: PSA and PSAD are both effective diagnostic tools for detection of prostate cancer; PSA level has a valuable role in predicting Gleason pattern higher than 7/10 and it can be the predictor of advanced pathological features but PSAD is effective in prediction of Gleason pattern lower than 5/10.
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Proliferation, Inflammation and Invasivity in Saliva from Oral Cancer Patients
Authors: Radu Radulescu  , Alexandra Totan  , Bogdan Calenic  , Cosmin Totan  , Maria Greabu  
Published: February 2015

Cancer represents the main cause of death in the economically developed countries and the second cause of death in developing ones. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are the sixth most common malignancies worldwide with oral cavity and pharynx cancers being the most common. Saliva qualifies as one of the most suitable diagnostic fluids due to the non-invasivity nature, simple handling procedures, easy collection and storage and good cooperation with patient groups such as children or persons with disabilities. The aim of the present study is to assess the presence in saliva of several cancer biomarkers such as: tumor cells proliferation - Ki-67 Antigen and Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCCA), inflammation - Interleukin-6 (IL-6), extracellular matrix collagen degradation - Matrix Metallo-proteinase-9 (MMP-9) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP-2), oxidative stress - total antioxidant capacity and uric acid. Both uric acid and total antioxidant capacity showed decreased levelsin the saliva of oral cancer patients. IL-6, Ki-67, SCCA and MMP-9 showed increased levels in the saliva of oral patients compared to the control group. Salivary TIMP-2 levels were also decreased in the patients group. We can conclude that salivary diagnosis has the potential of becoming a powerful tool in detecting and monitoring oral cancer patients.
Ceramics, Polity, and Comics
Authors: Swogger John G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFormal archaeological publication is unimaginative in its use of images, and often the images used do not best serve the text. The result is that text and image poorly relate. But graphic formats that establish an interrelationship between text and image can be used to create new layers of richness. One such example is the use of comics. In order to illustrate how the visualization principles of comics can be used to re-shape formal archaeological publication, the author presents an adaptation of the first three pages of “Ceramics and Polity” by Michael Whalen and Paul Minnis, originally published in American Antiquity. The use of similar visualization principles opens up the possibility of new kinds of professional, interdisciplinary, and peer-to-peer narratives. The article is in the form of a 10-page comic.
The Field Crew Symposium
Authors: Overholtzer Lisa 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn recent years, scholars have convincingly argued, on both ethical and epistemic grounds, for the need for archaeological research “with, for, and by” descendant communities. Realizing such collaborative projects, however, is often challenging, and the prospect of beginning such an endeavor intimidating. This article shares a successful methodology implemented in the Xaltocan Archaeological Project (PAX) carried out in 2009–2011 in Mexico. This format—field crew-centered education in the context of excavations, culminating in a public symposium by all team members disseminating preliminary findings—is a simple, manageable way to begin engaging descendants. In addition to describing the symposium format, I discuss how I mitigated two major challenges to its implementation: (1) incentive or compensation (and, thereby, funding) and (2) community members’ critical assessments of their own relevant knowledge. I reflect on the impact of the symposium on subsequent collaborative efforts, and I contemplate institutional obstacles that remain for scholars attempting to decolonize archaeological research in Mexico. Finally, I consider how the symposium format could be implemented in other research contexts.
« La religion n’est pas la culture ! »
Authors: Moisa Daniela 
Published: February 2015

Dans le présent article, nous nous interrogeons surl’authenticité spirituellechez les convertis à l’orthodoxie du Québec, plus particulièrement du village de Rawdon. Une recherche ethnographique déroulée sur plusieurs années révèle un lien très sensible entre l’authenticité spirituelle et lavéritépersonnelle, forgée à travers une pratique réfléchie et un cheminement quotidien séparés des articulations culturelles et ethniques. Cettevéritéest à l’opposé des orthodoxies nationales transportées par les immigrants dans la diaspora et qui continuent à articuler les pratiques et les discours religieux en fonction d’une référence russe, ukrainienne, roumaine, etc. Toutefois, malgré cette différence importante entre les orthodoxes « de naissance » et les « convertis », la séparation entre la vie spirituelle et la culture des derniers n’est pas radicale : l’identité culturelle, québécoise « de souche » est activée lorsque l’authenticité de la pratique et de l’identité spirituelles estbousculéepar d’autresvérités,individuelles ou de groupe.
La conversion dans un cadre féministe, interculturel et interreligieux
Authors: Couture Denise , Riikonen Tanja 
Published: February 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche empirique menée à Montréal auprès de femmes féministes, engagées dans des pratiques interculturelles, interspirituelles ou interreligieuses. Il aborde les récits autobiographiques spirituels des femmes, en posant la question : comment vivent-elles la « conversion » dans le contexte contemporain ? Pour approfondir cette question, l’article propose une définition opératoire du concept de conversion qui comprend trois dimensions : un retour à une énergie vitale propre, la conscientisation et l’autosubjectivation. À partir de cette définition provisoire, l’article analyse les récits des participantes selon quatre thématiques principales : des histoires de transformation des sujets, un rapport critique et créatif aux coutumes et aux traditions, un désapprentissage vers la justice relationnelle et une ascèse, un travail sur soi.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Syndesmotic Screw Design via Finite Element Analysis and Taguchi's Method
Authors: Er Mehmet Serhan , Verim Ozgur , Eroglu Mehmet , Altinel Levent , Gokce Bariş , Tasgetiren Suleyman 
Published: February 2015

Background
Screw fixation of syndesmotic injuries facilitates ligament healing and restoration of ankle stability, but failure of the screw might threaten the success of the treatment. Screw design parameters, such as outer diameter, inner diameter, thread pitch, leading edge radius, trailing edge radius, leading edge angle, and trailing edge angle, might have effects on the stresses that occur in the screws. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to investigate which geometric screw parameters play key roles in stresses that occur in screws used for syndesmotic fixation.

Methods
A three-dimensional finite element model of an ankle was reconstructed. Four different types of titanium screws—4.5-mm malleolar, 4-mm cancellous, 4-mm machine, and 3.5-mm cortical—were placed on this model. Physiologic load was applied to evaluate the stress in the screw. Then the contribution of each design factor to stress in the screws was analyzed systematically by Taguchi's robust design method.

Results
The maximum equivalent ductile failure (von Mises equivalent stress) value was found in the 4-mm cancellous screw (402 MPa). Taguchi's analysis showed that the descending order of contribution of the design factors to stress emerging on the screw is inner diameter, leading edge angle, thread pitch, outer diameter, and trailing edge angle.

Conclusions
Stress that occurs in syndesmotic screws is closely related to their geometry and dimensions. According to the results, a 3.5-mm cortical screw with the ideal screw design regarding optimal parameters to resist against stresses in the syndesmosis seems more reasonable to choose in syndesmotic fixation.
Treatment of Bone Marrow Edema of the Talus with Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Martinelli Nicolò , Bianchi Alberto , Sartorelli Elena , Dondi Alessandra , Bonifacini Carlo , Malerba Francesco 
Published: February 2015

Background
Bone marrow edema (BME) of the talus is a rare, mostly self-limiting cause of foot and ankle pain. We sought to investigate in patients with idiopathic BME of the talus the effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic fields and to determine the effect of this therapy on magnetic resonance imaging findings.

Methods
Six patients with BME of the talus confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging were enrolled. Pain was quantified with a visual analog scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (the worst pain imaginable). The clinical outcome was assessed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scoring system. Treatment consisted of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation 8 h/d for 30 days. The device used generated pulses 1.3 milliseconds in duration, with a frequency of 75 Hz and a mean ± SD induced electric field of 3.5 ± 0.5 mV.

Results
The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from 59.4 (range, 40–66) before treatment to 94 (range, 80–100) at the last follow-up. The visual analog scale score decreased significantly from 5.6 (range, 4–7) before treatment to 1 (range, 0–2) at the last follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that BME improved after 1 month of treatment and resolved completely within 3 months in 5 patients, with normal signal intensity and no signs of progression to avascular necrosis.

Conclusions
A significant reduction in BME area was associated with a significant decrease in pain within 3 months of beginning treatment.
Normal Values of the Foot Posture Index in a Young Adult Spanish Population
Authors: Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Sanchez-Rodriguez Raquel , Lopezosa-Reca Eva , Cervera-Marin Jose Antonio , Martinez-Quintana Rodrigo , Martinez-Nova Alfonso 
Published: February 2015

Background
Although the appearance of foot or lower-limb pathologies is etiologically multifactorial, foot postures in pronation or supination have been related to certain diseases such as patellofemoral syndrome and plantar fasciitis. The objective of the present study was to determine the normal values of foot posture in a healthy young adult Spanish sample, and to identify individuals at risk of developing some foot pathology.

Methods
The Foot Posture Index (FPI) was determined in a sample of 635 (304 men, 331 women) healthy young adults (ages 18–30 years). The FPI raw score was transformed into a logit score, and a new classification was obtained with the mean ± 2 SD to identify the 5% of the sample with potentially pathologic feet.

Results
The normal range of the FPI was −1 to +6, and FPI values from +10 to +12 and −6 to −12 could be classified as indicating potentially pathologic feet. The women's logit FPI (0.50 ± 1.4, raw FPI +3) was higher than the men's (0.25 ± 1.6, raw FPI +2), with the difference being significant (P = 0.038). No statistically significant differences were found between body mass index groups (P = 0.141).

Conclusions
The normal FPI range goes from just one point of supination to a certain degree of pronation (+6). The identification of 35 individuals with potentially pathologic feet may help in the implementation of a preventive plan to avoid the appearance of foot disorders.
A “high 4He/3He” mantle material detected under the East Pacific Rise (15°4′N)
Authors: Mougel Berengere , Moreira Manuel , Agranier Arnaud 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigate in details helium isotope data reported in Mougel et al. (2014) for 14 basaltic samples collected on the East Pacific Rise by submersible (15°4′N) where the ridge interacts with the Mathematician seamounts. Samples locations are separated by only few hundred meters across a 15 km along‐axis profile. The data reveal a strong geochemical variability that has never been observed at such high spatial resolution for helium isotope compositions. Moreover, they reveal an unusually high 4He/3He mantle component also characterized by unradiogenic lead, atypical in oceanic basalts. He‐Pb systematics suggests a mixture between a nonradiogenic lead and radiogenic helium pyroxenitic component, recycled from the deep continental lithosphere and the ambient peridotitic mantle. The He isotope difference between these two end‐members can be interpreted as a time evolution of two distinct mantle sources after a slight (U + Th)/3He fractionation, likely due to some ancient degassing during the formation of deep continental pyroxenites.
Modeling subauroral polarization streams during the 17 March 2013 storm
Authors: Yu Yiqun , Jordanova Vania , Zou Shasha , Heelis Roderick , Ruohoniemi Mike , Wygant John 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) are one of the most important features in representing magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes. In this study, we use a state‐of‐the‐art modeling framework that couples an inner magnetospheric ring current model RAM‐SCB with a global MHD model Block‐Adaptive Tree Solar‐wind Roe Upwind Scheme (BATS‐R‐US) and an ionospheric potential solver to study the SAPS that occurred during the 17 March 2013 storm event as well as to assess the modeling capability. Both ionospheric and magnetospheric signatures associated with SAPS are analyzed to understand the spatial and temporal evolution of the electrodynamics in the midlatitude regions. Results show that the model captures the SAPS at subauroral latitudes, where Region 2 field‐aligned currents (FACs) flow down to the ionosphere and the conductance is lower than in the higher‐latitude auroral zone. Comparisons to observations such as FACs observed by Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment (AMPERE), cross‐track ion drift from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), and in situ electric field observations from the Van Allen Probes indicate that the model generally reproduces the global dynamics of the Region 2 FACs, the position of SAPS along the DMSP, and the location of the SAPS electric field around L of 3.0 in the inner magnetosphere near the equator. The model also demonstrates double westward flow channels in the dusk sector (the higher‐latitude auroral convection and the subauroral SAPS) and captures the mechanism of the SAPS. However, the comparison with ion drifts along DMSP trajectories shows an underestimate of the magnitude of the SAPS and the sensitivity to the specific location and time. The comparison of the SAPS electric field with that measured from the Van Allen Probes shows that the simulated SAPS electric field penetrates deeper than in reality, implying that the shielding from the Region 2 FACs in the model is not well represented. Possible solutions in future studies to improve the modeling capability include implementing a self‐consistent ionospheric conductivity module from inner magnetosphere particle precipitation, coupling with the thermosphere‐ionosphere chemical processes, and connecting the ionosphere with the inner magnetosphere by the stronger Region 2 FACs calculated in the inner magnetosphere model.
Exploring the feasibility of a nationwide earthquake early warning system in Italy
Authors: Picozzi M. , Zollo A. , Brondi P. , Colombelli S. , Elia L. , Martino C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhen accompanied by appropriate training and preparedness of a population, Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS) are effective and viable tools for the real‐time reduction of societal exposure to seismic events in metropolitan areas. The Italian Accelerometric Network, RAN, which consists of about 500 stations installed over all the active seismic zones, as well as many cities and strategic infrastructures in Italy, has the potential to serve as a nationwide early warning system. In this work, we present a feasibility study for a nationwide EEWS in Italy obtained by the integration of the RAN and the software platform PRobabilistic and Evolutionary early warning SysTem (PRESTo). The performance of the RAN‐PRESTo EEWS is first assessed by testing it on real strong motion recordings of 40 of the largest earthquakes that have occurred during the last 10 years in Italy. Furthermore, we extend the analysis to regions that did not experience earthquakes by considering a nationwide grid of synthetic sources capable of generating Gutenberg‐Richter sequences corresponding to the one adopted by the seismic hazard map of the Italian territory. Our results indicate that the RAN‐PRESTo EEWS could theoretically provide for higher seismic hazard areas reliable alert messages within about 5 to 10 s and maximum lead times of about 25 s. In case of large events (M > 6.5), this amount of lead time would be sufficient for taking basic protective measures (e.g., duck and cover, move away from windows or equipment) in tens to hundreds of municipalities affected by large ground shaking.
Spatial and temporal distribution of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia
Authors: Weiss Jonathan R. , Brooks Benjamin A. , Arrowsmith J. Ramón , Vergani Gustavo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNew observations from an active orogenic wedge help link the seismotectonic behavior of individual faults to wedge deformation rates and patterns over multiple timescales. We provide the first detailed constraints on the distribution and timing of deformation at the front of the Andean orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia, where a recent study suggests that great (Mw > 8) earthquakes could rupture the master fault underlying the wedge. We use stratigraphic relationships across fault‐related folds and elastic dislocation modeling of seismic reflection horizons to obtain probabilistic estimates of wedge‐front fault ages and slip rates. Our analyses reveal that at least half of the previously determined GPS‐based wedge‐loading and Quaternary whole‐wedge shortening rates are absorbed across a 20–40 km wide wedge‐front zone consisting of 1–4 en echelon and partially to fully overlapping faults and folds associated with blind thrust faults. The difference between our slip rates and the geodetic/geologic observations combined with evidence for activity across internal wedge structures supports the notion that nonsteady state mass balance conditions coupled with elevated erosional efficiency result in distributed wedge deformation. The orogenic wedge in southern Bolivia behaves in a similar fashion to the Taiwanese and Himalayan ranges; slip accumulates at downdip locations along the master fault and is released incrementally by earthquakes that rupture the wedge‐front fault zone. The faults and folds comprising this zone pose a major source of seismic hazard. Accumulating slip is also released in the wedge interior and older, internal wedge faults must be considered in any future assessment of regional earthquake risk.
Variability in the meteoric water, sea‐ice melt, and Pacific water contributions to the central Arctic Ocean, 2000–2014
Authors: Alkire Matthew B. , Morison James , Andersen Roger 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFourteen years (2000–2014) of bottle chemistry data collected during the North Pole Environmental Observatory were compiled to examine variations in the composition of freshwater (meteoric water, net sea‐ice meltwater, and Pacific water) over mixed layer of the Central Arctic Ocean. In addition to significant spatial and interannual variability, there was a general decrease in meteoric water (MW) fractions at the majority of stations reoccupied over the duration of the program that was approximately balanced by a concomitant increase in freshwater from sea‐ice melt (SIM FW) between 2000 and 2012. Inventories (0–120 m) of MW and SIM FW computed using available data between 2005 and 2012 exhibited similar variations over the study area, allowing for first‐order estimates of the mean annual changes in MW (−389 ± 194 km3 yr−1) and SIM FW (292 ± 97 km3 yr−1) for the Central Arctic region. These mean annual changes were attributed to the diversion of Siberian river runoff to the Beaufort Gyre and the overall reduction of sea ice volume across the Arctic, respectively. In addition to this lower‐frequency variability, spatial gradients and interannual variations in MW, SIM FW, and Pacific water contributions to specific locations were attributed to shifts in the Transpolar Drift that advects waters of eastern and western Arctic origin through the study area.