bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment refining technology of plant biomass to bio‐based products
Authors: Chen Hong‐Zhang , Liu Zhi‐Hua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPretreatment is a key unit operation affecting the refinery efficiency of plant biomass. However, the poor efficiency of pretreatment and the lack of basic theory are the main challenges to the industrial implementation of the plant biomass refinery. The purpose of this work is to review steam explosion and its combinatorial pretreatment as a means of overcoming the intrinsic characteristics of plant biomass, including recalcitrance, heterogeneity, multi‐composition, and diversity. The main advantages of the selective use of steam explosion and other combinatorial pretreatments across the diversity of raw materials are introduced. Combinatorial pretreatment integrated with other unit operations is proposed as a means to exploit the high‐efficiency production of bio‐based products from plant biomass. Finally, several pilot‐ and demonstration‐scale operations of the plant biomass refinery are described. Based on the principle of selective function and structure fractionation, and multi‐level and directional composition conversion, an integrated process with the combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments as the core should be feasible and conform to the plant biomass refinery concept. Combinatorial pretreatments of steam explosion and other pretreatments should be further exploited based on the type and intrinsic characteristics of the plant biomass used, the bio‐based products to be made, and the complementarity of the processes.
Peptide splicing in a double‐sequence analogue of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1 substituted in the P1 positions by peptoid monomers
Authors: Karna Natalia , Dębowski Dawid , Łęgowska Anna , Bąchor Remigiusz , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Rolka Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRecently, we described a process of trypsin‐assisted peptide splicing of analogs of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1, that seems to be very similar to proteasome‐catalyzed peptide splicing. Here, we show, for the first time, that a peptide–peptoid hybrid (peptomer) can also be spliced by trypsin. Incubation of a double sequence SFTI‐1 analog, containing two peptoid monomers, with equimolar amount of trypsin leads to formation of monocyclic peptomer as the main product. We proved that the peptide bond formed by a peptoid monomer is not only digested by trypsin but also participates in the enzyme‐assisted splicing process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 104: 206–212, 2015.
UV‐C mediated rapidcarotenoid induction and settling performance of Dunaliellasalina and Haematococcus pluvialis
Authors: Sharma Kalpesh K. , Ahmed Faruq , Schenk Peer M. , Li Yan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMicroalgae are primary producers of organic pigments carotenoids in aquatic environments. However, commercial‐scale microalgae application for high value carotenoids production is rarely economical due to the cost‐effectiveness of carotenoid induction and microalgal harvesting process. Here, we present a novel approach, using a small dose of externally applied UV‐C radiation, to rapidly induce unsaturated fatty acids and carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis, and also to significantly promote their swimming cells settling for primary dewatering. The amount of total carotenoids and β‐carotenoid were doubled in 24 h on D. salina upon 50 mJ/cm2 of UV‐C radiation, whereas the astaxanthin yield of H. pluvialis was increased five times in 48 h at 30 mJ/cm2. Meanwhile, 95% of algal cells of D. salina and H. pluvialis settled in 15 h and 2 h, respectively. This novel technique represents a convenient, time‐saving and cost‐effective method for commercial microalgal carotenoids production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2106–2114. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case report of periprosthetic fracture left proximal humerus with radial nerve palsy following pectoralis major repair
Authors: Shah Jaydeep , Marson Ben A. 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessagePrimary repair of pectoralis major tendon with bony tunnels and anchor sutures in the proximal humerus creates a potential weakness and stress riser leading to increased risk of periprosthetic fracture and nerve damage at the site of weakness with subsequent injury, if not allowed to heal satisfactorily with adequate period of rest.
Evidence for eomesodermin‐expressing innate‐like CD8+ KIR/NKG2A+ T cells in human adults and cord blood samples
Authors: Jacomet Florence , Cayssials Emilie , Basbous Sara , Levescot Anaïs , Piccirilli Nathalie , Desmier Deborah , Robin Aurélie , Barra Anne , Giraud Christine , Guilhot François , Roy Lydia , Herbelin André , Gombert Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2015

Polyclonal CD8+ T cells, with a marked innate/memory phenotype, high eomesodermin (Eomes) expression, and the capacity to generate IFN‐γ rapidly without prior exposure to antigen, have been described in mice. However, even though a pool of human CD8+ T cells expressing killer Ig‐like receptors (KIRs) was recently documented, the existence of a human equivalent of murine innate/memory CD8+ T cells remains to be established. Here, we provide evidence for a population of KIR/NKG2A+CD8+ T cells in healthy human adults sharing the same features, namely increased Eomes expression, prompt IFN‐γ production in response to innate‐like stimulation by IL‐12+IL‐18, and a potent antigen‐independent cytotoxic activity along with a preferential terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype. None of the above functional characteristics applied to the KIR/NKG2A− fraction of the Eomes+CD8+ T‐cell population, thereby underlining the ability of KIR/NKG2A to distinguish between “innate/memory‐like” and “conventional/memory” pools of CD8+ T cells. Remarkably, KIR/NKG2A+Eomes+CD8+ T cells with innate‐like functions and a memory/terminally differentiated effector memory phenotype were also identified in human cord blood, suggesting that their development did not depend on cognate antigens. Taken together, our results support the conclusion that CD8+ T cells co‐expressing Eomes and KIR/NKG2A may represent a new, functionally distinct “innate/memory‐like” subset in humans.
Synthesis, Structure and Redox Properties of Asymmetric (Cyclopentadienyl)(ene‐1,2‐dithiolate)cobalt(III) Complexes Containing Phenyl, Pyridyl and Pyrazinyl Units
Authors: Dicks James P. , Zubair Muhammad , Davies E. Stephen , Garner C. David , Schulzke Carola , Wilson Claire , McMaster Jonathan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe compounds [(η5‐C5H5)Co{SC(H)CRS}] [R = phenyl (1), pyridin‐3‐yl (2) or pyrazin‐2‐yl (3)] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, mass spectrometry and X‐ray crystallography. The variation in the UV/Vis and redox properties of these compounds alone and upon acidification has been investigated. In CH2Cl2 solution each compound undergoes a reversible one‐electron reduction, and the EPR spectrum of each monoanion has been recorded. In the presence of a 5:1 excess of trifluoroacetic acid the one‐electron reduction of both 2 and 3 occurs at a less negative potential. The information obtained has been interpreted with the aid of DFT calculations for [1]y, [2]y and [3]y (y = 0 or –1) and the monoprotonated forms [2H]z and [3H]z (z = +1 or 0), and this has provided insight into the nature of the redox‐active orbitals in these complexes. The HOMOs and LUMOs of these species are delocalized and each involves contributions from cobalt, ene‐1,2‐dithiolate and R orbitals. The information from the experimental and theoretical investigations is used to suggest that, for the pyran ring‐opened form of the molybdenum cofactor of oxygen‐atom‐transfer enzymes, the pterin may participate in the redox reactions involved in the catalytic cycle.
α‐Alkyl‐α‐aryl (Trimethyltin) Nitriles: Versatile Nucleophilic Intermediates in Aldol‐Like Reactions
Authors: Qin Wenling , Long Sha , Bongini Alessandro , Panunzio Mauro 
Published: April 2015

Abstractα‐Alkyl‐α‐aryl (trimethyltin) nitriles react spontaneously with aldehydes and ketones in THF/toluene to give β‐hydroxy nitriles with satisfactory to good yields and diastereoselectivity. No extra catalyst is required in this aldol‐like reaction. A possible trimethyltin‐substituted ketene imine intermediate is invoked as reactive species. DFT calculations offer good support for this hypothesis.
Integration: The Critical M&A Success Factor
Authors: Venema William H. 
Published: April 2015

Most mergers and acquisitions (M&As) fail to meet the expectations of the purchasers. It is clear that the due diligence, valuation analysis, and negotiation that precede the closing of a transaction cannot guarantee its success. Instead, the synergies and assumptions that supported the decision to acquire a target business will be realized only if the purchaser effectively integrates the target. Unfortunately, many purchasers either fail to plan the integration of the target adequately or conduct the integration process too slowly.The author of this article explains how to draw up a good integration plan that will boost the chances of M&A success. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous removal and recovery of palladium in an upflow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactor
Authors: Pat‐Espadas Aurora M. , Field James A. , Razo‐Flores Elías , Cervantes Francisco J. , Sierra‐Alvarez Reyes 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a continuous‐flow anaerobic granular sludge bed (UASB) reactor for the removal of palladium (II) from aqueous streams and the recovery of this precious metal as biogenic Pd(0). Anaerobic methanogenic granular sludge has been recently shown to reduce Pd(II) in the presence of a suitable electron donor leading to the formation of biomass‐associated Pd(0).RESULTSTwo laboratory‐scale UASB reactors were fed with ethanol or acetate, in order to compare their performance in terms of Pd removal and reduction. Pd(II) was added in two periods of increasing concentration, 5 mg Pd(II) L−1 and then 15 mg Pd(II) L−1. Extensive removal of Pd (up to 99%), was attained in both reactors. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed significant differences in the content of Pd(0) in the biomass, depending on the electron donor used. The main mechanisms of Pd(II) removal when acetate and ethanol were used as electron donor were biosorption and reduction to Pd(0) by biogenic H2 released as fermentation product, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to apply a continuous process for Pd reduction and recovery using a methanogenic consortium. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Long‐term and perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic versus open liver resection for colorectal liver metastases with propensity score matching: a multi‐institutional Japanese study
Authors: Beppu Toru , Wakabayashi Go , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Gotohda Naoto , Mizuguchi Toru , Takahashi Yutaka , Hirokawa Fumitoshi , Taniai Nobuhiko , Watanabe Manabu , Katou Masato , Nagano Hiroaki , Honda Goro , Baba Hideo , Kokudo Norihiro , Konishi Masaru , Hirata Koichi , Yamamoto Masakazu , Uchiyama Kazuhisa , Uchida Eiji , Kusachi Shinya , Kubota Keiichi , Mori Masaki , Takahashi Keiichi , Kikuchi Ken , Miyata Hiroaki , Takahara Takeshi , Nakamura Masafumi , Kaneko Hironori , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Takada Tadahiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to clarify the surgical outcome and long‐term prognosis of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) compared with conventional open liver resection (OLR) in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CRLM).MethodsA one‐to‐two propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was applied. Covariates (P < 0.2) used for PSM estimation included preoperative levels of CEA and CA19‐9; primary tumor differentiation; primary pathological lymph node metastasis; number, size, location, and distribution of CRLM; existence of extrahepatic metastasis; extent of hepatic resection; total bilirubin and prothrombin activity levels; and preoperative chemotherapy. Perioperative data and long‐term survival were compared.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2010, 1,331 patients with hepatic resection for CRLM were enrolled. By PSM, 171 LLR and 342 OLR patients showed similar preoperative clinical characteristics. Median estimated blood loss (163 g vs 415 g, P < 0.001) and median postoperative hospital stay (12 days vs 14 days; P < 0.001) were significantly reduced in the LLR group. Morbidity and mortality were similar. Five‐year rates of recurrence‐free, overall, and disease‐specific survival did not differ significantly. The R0 resection rate was similar.ConclusionsIn selected CRLM patients, LLR is strongly associated with lower blood loss and shorter hospital stay and has equivalent long‐term survival comparable with OLR.
Sediment transport dynamics near a river inflow in a large alpine lake
Authors: Scheu K. R. , Fong D. A. , Monismith S. G. , Fringer O. B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSediment dynamics were investigated in Lake Maggiore, Italy, with field observations from October to mid‐December 2012. Three moorings were deployed in Pallanza Bay, a small embayment on the western side of the lake near the Toce River inflow, to measure temperature and currents throughout the water column and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) was estimated with acoustic instrumentation. River intrusions are shown to dominate observed SSC, although a small amount of sediment resuspension was observed at the site of the shallowest mooring during a large wind event that produced strong upwelling of the thermocline followed by downwelling. Although vertical turbulent sediment flux is typically assumed to indicate resuspension and the upward transport of sediment (
), downward turbulent sediment flux was observed (
) near the bed during the largest observed intrusion event. The downward turbulent sediment flux significantly contributes to net deposition rates, which are one order of magnitude larger than rates of erosion measured during the two major events observed. Horizontal transport of sediment occurs in vertically confined layers due to buoyancy‐driven intrusions. Beneath the intrusions, sediment settles out of the water column at settling rates that appear to be constant with depth based on acoustic Doppler current profiler backscatter measurements. The effective settling velocities needed to produce the observed vertical transport of SSC during an inflow intrusion are one order of magnitude larger than those due to the Stokes settling velocity (
) alone. Particle flocculation and possible convective instabilities may play a role in generating the large observed effective settling rates.
Microstructure and hardness investigation of different welding passes in weld zones
Authors: Awang M. , Raza S. K. , Yahaya M. S. A. 
Published: April 2015

Friction stir welding is a solid state joining process that uses frictional heat generated from non‐consumable rotating tool to weld two metals together. This present work aims at the investigation of the effect of multiple pass welding on microstructure and hardness in weld zones. Aluminium alloy 6061‐T6 sheets with a dimension of 100 mm × 100 mm × 10 mm are butt‐welded in three different passes; single pass, double pass on the same side and double pass on different sides. The microstructure of the welded samples and its hardness are analysed and the effect of passes are investigated. Visual inspection on the weld joint shows that double passes experienced smaller wormhole defect as compared to single pass. Microstructure investigation shows slight difference in the grain size among all passes. The quantity of precipitates is highest at the thermo‐mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) compared with other regions. The double passes on same the side exhibits the highest hardness value with 61.1 HV in the stir zone compared with other welding passes studied. However, all regions show lower hardness values as compared to the parent material in all combinations of passes.
Serotonin Syndrome Probably Triggered by a Morphine–Phenelzine Interaction
Authors: Mateo‐Carrasco Hector , Muñoz‐Aguilera Eva María , García‐Torrecillas Juan Manuel , Abu Al‐Robb Hiba 
Published: April 2015

Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life‐threatening condition caused by excessive central and peripheral stimulation of serotonin brainstem receptors, usually triggered by inadvertent interactions between agents with serotonergic activity. Evidence supporting an association between nonserotonergic opiates, such as oxycodone or morphine, and serotonin syndrome is very limited and even contradictory. In this case report, we describe a patient who developed serotonergic‐adverse effects likely precipitated by an interaction between morphine and phenelzine. A 57‐year‐old woman presented to the emergency department with complaints of increasing visual hallucinations, restlessness, photophobia, dizziness, neck stiffness, occipital headache, confusion, sweating, tachycardia, and nausea over the previous week. On admission, her blood pressure was 185/65 mm Hg, and clonus was noted in the lower extremities. The patient was hospitalized 10 days earlier for cellulitis of the left breast secondary to a left mastectomy 5 months earlier, and a short course of oral morphine was prescribed for pain control. Her routine medications consisted of aspirin, atorvastatin, bisoprolol, clopidogrel, gabapentin, omeprazole, phenelzine, and ramipril. Supportive measures were initiated on admission. Phenelzine and morphine were discontinued immediately, leading to a progressive resolution of symptoms over the next 48 hours. Phenelzine was restarted on discharge without further complications. Use of the Drug Interaction Probability Scale indicated a probable relationship (score of 6) between the patient's development of serotonin syndrome and the combination of morphine and phenelzine. The mechanism underlying this interaction, however, remains unclear and warrants further investigation. Clinicians should carefully weigh the risk and benefits of initiating morphine in patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors or any other serotonin‐enhancing drugs.
Temperature dependence of low‐frequency optical phonons in TlInS2
Authors: Paucar Raul , Shim YongGu , Wakita Kazuki , Alekperov Oktay , Mamedov Nazim 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe unpolarized Stocks component of the Raman spectra of the layered ternary thallium dichalcogenide, TlInS2 was studied with the aid of a Raman confocal microscope system in the low‐frequency region of 35‐150 cm‐1 over the temperature range that embraced the region of the successive phase transitions in this crystal. The observed spectra were deconvoluted into Lorentzian peaks to single‐out the contribution of each Raman mode. The temperature dependence of the Raman frequency and broadening associated with each mode was then obtained. The irregular temperature behaviour of most modes was disclosed in the proximity of phase transitions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembly of Two Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Derived from Tetrabromoterephthalate and Flexible Bis(Benzimidazole) Co‐ligands
Authors: Hu Ju‐Meng , Liu Yong‐Guang , Van Hecke Kristof , Cui Guang‐Hua , Han Li‐Hua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo new cobalt(II) coordination polymers, {[Co(L1)(tbta)]·0.8H2O}n (1) and {[Co(L2)(tbta)]·H2O}n (2) [L1 = 1,1′‐(1,3‐propanediyl)bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole), L2 = 1,2‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2tbta = tetrabromoterephthalic acid] were obtained under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction methods, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and elemental analysis. The cobalt atoms present similar environments with tetrahedral arrangements in 1 and 2. The two complexes show a 2D (4,4) coordination network with sql topology. Compound 2 is further extended into a rare 3,3,4T3 three‐dimensional supramolecular framework by weak C–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions. The fluorescence and catalytic properties of the complexes for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton‐like process were investigated.
Reticulocyte production index as a predictor of clinically significant anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy
Authors: Yan Sheng‐Lei , Chang Cheng‐Shyong , Chen Chien‐Hua , Yeh Yung‐Hsiang , Tsai Chien‐Yu 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundThis work was conducted to study the relationship of reticulocyte production index to clinically significant anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy.MethodsA total of 69 chronic hepatitis C patients receiving pegylated interferon combination therapy were included. Clinically significant anemia was defined as a hemoglobin level of < 10 g/dL. Reticulocyte count values were determined at the baseline and during treatment (4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks). Reticulocyte production indices were calculated according to formulae. Clinical variables were analyzed using univariate analysis. Variables that were found to be significant on univariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant.ResultsClinically significant anemia was observed in 30 patients (43.5%), and 39 patients (56.5%) never developed clinically significant anemia during the whole treatment course. On multivariate analysis, age > 60 years [odds ratio (OR), 2.94; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09–7.93], pretreatment hemoglobin level < 14 g/dL (OR, 5.76; 95% CI, 2.01–16.48), and reticulocyte production index < 0.9% (OR, 5.50; 95% CI, 1.78–16.97) at Week 4 were significantly associated with clinically significant anemia.ConclusionBesides old age and low pretreatment hemoglobin level, our study showed that a reticulocyte production index < 0.9% at Week 4 was a significant factor associated with clinically significant anemia during pegylated interferon combination treatment.
Hypoxic preconditioning can reduce injury‐induced inflammatory processes in the neonatal rat brain
Authors: Parmar Jasneet , Jones Nicole M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury. Studies have shown that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) can ameliorate brain damage, but its effects on inflammation remain unknown. Postnatal day 6 (P6), Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into normoxia and hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) groups. On P7, some pups underwent a right carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) while under 1.5% isofluorane anesthesia and the remaining pups underwent sham surgery without occlusion. Animals were sacrificed 5 days later and fixed tissue was used to examine changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the cortex. Fresh tissue was collected to determine cortical levels of proinflammatory cytokines using ELISA. There was a significant loss in the number of NeuN positive cells in the cortex following HI injury, which was improved when HP was given prior to HI. There was an increase in cortical area of astrocyte staining after HI injury compared to control. HP before HI was able to reduce area of GFAP staining back to control levels. HI caused a large increase in the number of activated microglia compared to control and HP was able to significantly reduce this, although not back to control levels. HP alone increased microglial activation. Interleukin‐1β levels were increased in the cortex 5 days after HI, but HP was not able to significantly reduce this change. The neuroprotective effects of HP appear to be mediated by affecting cellular inflammatory processes in the brain following HI injury.