bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Fluorescent and Water‐Soluble Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dyes for Bioconjugation
Authors: Heyer Elodie , Lory Pauline , Leprince Jérôme , Moreau Mathieu , Romieu Anthony , Guardigli Massimo , Roda Aldo , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe preparation of highly water‐soluble and strongly fluorescent diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes using an unusual taurine‐like sulfonated linker has been achieved. Exchanging a phenyl for a thienyl substituent shifts the emission wavelength to near λ=600 nm. The free carboxylic acid group present in these new derivatives was readily activated and the dyes were subsequently covalently linked to a model protein (bovine serum albumin; BSA). The bioconjugates were characterized by electronic absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry, thus enabling precise determination of the labeling density (ratio DPP/BSA about 3 to 8). Outstanding values of fluorescence quantum yield (30 % to 59 %) for these bioconjugates are obtained. The photostability of these DPP dyes is considerably greater than that of fluorescein under the same irradiation conditions. Remarkably low detection limits between 80 and 300 molecules/μm2 were found for the BSA bioconjugates by fluorescence imaging with a epifluorescence microscope.
A C3‐Symmetric Macrocycle‐Based, Hydrogen‐Bonded, Multiporous Hexagonal Network as a Motif of Porous Molecular Crystals
Authors: Hisaki Ichiro , Nakagawa Shoichi , Tohnai Norimitsu , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA C3‐symmetric π‐conjugated macrocycle combined with an appropriate hydrogen bonding module (phenylene triangle) allowed the construction of crystalline supramolecular frameworks with a cavity volume of up to 58 %. The frameworks were obtained through non‐interpenetrated stacking of a hexagonal sheet possessing three kinds of pores with different sizes and shapes. The activated porous material absorbed CO2 up to 96 cm3 g−1 at 195 K under 1 atm.
Antitumor Drug Delivery Modulated by A Polymeric Micelle with an Upper Critical Solution Temperature
Authors: Li Weishuo , Huang Liwen , Ying Xiaoying , Jian You , Hong Yuan , Hu Fuqiang , Du Yongzhong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThermally sensitive polymeric nanocarriers were developed to optimize the release profile of encapsulated compounds to improve treatment efficiency. However, when referring to thermally sensitive polymeric nanocarriers, this usually means systems fabricated from lower critical solution temperature (LCST) polymers, which have been intensively studied. To extend the field of thermally sensitive polymeric nanocarriers, we for the first time fabricated a polymeric drug delivery system having an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) of 43 °C based on an amphiphilic polymer poly(AAm‐co‐AN)‐g‐PEG. The resulting polymeric micelles could effectively encapsulate doxorubicin and exhibited thermally sensitive drug release both in vitro and in vivo. A drastically improved anticancer efficiency (IC50 decreased from 4.6 to 1.6 μg mL−1, tumor inhibition rate increased from 55.6 % to 92.8 %) was observed. These results suggest that UCST‐based drug delivery can be an alternative to thermally sensitive LCST‐based drug delivery systems for an enhanced antitumor efficiency.
Addition of Ethylene or Hydrogen to a Main‐Group Metal Cluster under Mild Conditions
Authors: Vasko Petra , Wang Shuai , Tuononen Heikki M. , Power Philip P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReaction of the tin cluster Sn8(Ar)4 (Ar=C6H2‐2,6‐(C6H3‐2,4,6‐Me3)2) with excess ethylene or dihydrogen at 25 °C/1 atmosphere yielded two new clusters that incorporated ethylene or hydrogen. The reaction with ethylene yielded Sn4(Ar)4(C2H2)5 that contained five ethylene moieties bridging four aryl substituted tin atoms and one tin–tin bond. Reaction with H2 produced a cyclic tin species of formula (Sn(H)Ar)4, which could also be synthesized by the reaction of {(Ar)Sn(μ‐Cl)}2 with DIBAL‐H. These reactions represent the first instances of direct reactions of isolable main‐group clusters with ethylene or hydrogen under mild conditions. The products were characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy and in solution by multinuclear NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopies. Density functional theory calculations were performed to explain the reactivity of the cluster.
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Cyclization for the Efficient Synthesis of Terpenes and Steroids
Authors: Du Kang , Guo Pan , Chen Yuan , Cao Zhen , Wang Zheng , Tang Wenjun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA novel enantioselective palladium‐catalyzed dearomative cyclization has been developed for the efficient construction of a series of chiral phenanthrenone derivatives bearing an all‐carbon quaternary center. The effectiveness of this method in the synthesis of terpenes and steroids was demonstrated by a highly efficient synthesis of a kaurene intermediate, the facile construction of the skeleton of the anabolic steroid boldenone, and the enantioselective total synthesis of the antimicrobial diterpene natural product (−)‐totaradiol.
Preparation of Nanocrystalline Silicon from SiCl4 at 200 °C in Molten Salt for High‐Performance Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Ning , Han Ying , Wang Liangbiao , Zhou Jianbin , Zhou Jie , Zhu Yongchun , Qian Yitai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCrystalline Si nanoparticles are prepared by reduction of SiCl4 with metallic magnesium in the molten salt of AlCl3 at 200 °C in an autoclave. AlCl3 not only acts as molten salt, but also participates in the reaction. The related experiments confirm that metallic Mg reduces AlCl3 to create nascent Al which could immediately reduce SiCl4 to Si, and the by‐product MgCl2 would combine with AlCl3 forming complex of MgAl2Cl8. As anode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries, the as‐prepared Si delivers the reversible capacity of 3083 mAh g−1 at 1.2 A g−1 after 50 cycles, and 1180 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 over 500 cycles.
SrNb0.1Co0.7Fe0.2O3−δ Perovskite as a Next‐Generation Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution in Alkaline Solution
Authors: Zhu Yinlong , Zhou Wei , Chen Zhi‐Gang , Chen Yubo , Su Chao , Tadé Moses O. , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe perovskite SrNb0.1Co0.7Fe0.2O3−δ (SNCF) is a promising OER electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with remarkable activity and stability in alkaline solutions. This catalyst exhibits a higher intrinsic OER activity, a smaller Tafel slope and better stability than the state‐of‐the‐art precious‐metal IrO2 catalyst and the well‐known BSCF perovskite. The mass activity and stability are further improved by ball milling. Several factors including the optimized eg orbital filling, good ionic and charge transfer abilities, as well as high OH− adsorption and O2 desorption capabilities possibly contribute to the excellent OER activity.
Clotting Activity of Polyphosphate‐Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Kudela Damien , Smith Stephanie A. , May‐Masnou Anna , Braun Gary B. , Pallaoro Alessia , Nguyen Chi K. , Chuong Tracy T. , Nownes Sara , Allen Riley , Parker Nicholas R. , Rashidi Hooman H. , Morrissey James H. , Stucky Galen D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present a silica nanoparticle (SNP) functionalized with polyphosphate (polyP) that accelerates the natural clotting process of the body. SNPs initiate the contact pathway of the blood‐clotting system; short‐chain polyP accelerates the common pathway by the rapid formation of thrombin, which enhances the overall blood‐clotting system, both by accelerating fibrin generation and by facilitating the regulatory anticoagulation mechanisms essential for hemostasis. Analysis of the clotting properties of bare SNPs, bare polyP, and polyP‐functionalized SNPs in plasma demonstrated that the attachment of polyP to SNPs to form polyP‐SNPs creates a substantially enhanced synergistic effect that lowers clotting time and increases thrombin production at low concentrations. PolyP‐SNP even retains its clotting function at ambient temperature. The polyP‐SNP system has the potential to significantly improve trauma‐treatment protocols and outcomes in hospital and prehospital settings.
Quadruple Switching of Pleated Foldamers of Tetrathiafulvalene–Bipyridinium Alternating Dynamic Covalent Polymers
Authors: Chen Lan , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan‐Wei , Zhou Yaming , Li Zhan‐Ting 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo dynamic covalent polymers P1 and P2 were prepared by alternately linking electron‐rich tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and electron‐deficient bipyridinium (BIPY2+) through hydrazone bonds. In acetonitrile, the polymers were induced by intramolecular donor–acceptor interactions to form pleated foldamers, which unfolded upon oxidation of the TTF units to the radical cation TTF.+. Reduction of the BIPY2+ units to BIPY.+ led to the formation of another kind of pleated secondary structures, which are stabilized by intramolecular dimerization of the BIPY.+ units. The diradical dicationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) (CBPQT2(.+)) could further force the folded structures to unfold by including the BIPY.+ units of the polymers. Upon oxidation of the BIPY.+ units of the cyclophane and polymers to BIPY2+, the first folded state was regenerated. Switching or conversion between the four conformational states was confirmed by UV/Vis spectroscopic experiments.
Evaluation of polymer hydrophobic recovery behavior following H2O plasma processing
Authors: Tompkins Brendan D. , Fisher Ellen R. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTInductively coupled radio frequency (rf) H2O vapor plasma was used to modify a range of polymers to better elucidate the dependence of hydrophobic recovery on polymer composition and structure. Freshly modified and aged samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy, (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, (XPS), and water contact angle (wCA) goniometry. Initially, wettability was increased on each polymer surface due to the implantation of polar oxide groups, an effect exacerbated by increased surface roughness with plasma treatment. Polypropylene and polystyrene exhibit nearly complete hydrophobic recovery as polar groups are subsumed as samples age. High‐density polyethylene and polycarbonate exhibit minimal hydrophobic recovery, owing to plasma‐induced cross‐linking and intrinsic thermal stability, respectively. Overall, the hydrophobic performance following H2O plasma modification is similar to other oxidizing plasmas, suggesting that recovery behavior is intrinsic to the polymer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41978.
Pore morphology control and hydrophilicity of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Ding Shan Gang , Cheng Xi Quan , Jiang Zai Xing , Bai Yong Ping , Shao Lu 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe effects of different solvents (dimethyl formamide: DMF and dimethylsulfoxide: DMSO) on the solubility of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were investigated by the phase diagrams of H2O/DMF/PAN and H2O/DMSO/PAN ternary systems through cloud‐point titration method at low polymer concentration. The influences of polymer concentrations and temperatures on the morphologies of PAN ultrafiltration membranes were elucidated. The morphologies of fabricated UF membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), and the basic performance of ultrafiltration including pure water flux and rejection of BSA were explored. At 25°C, the pure water flux of ultrafiltration membranes at the lower PAN content (16 wt % PAN in 84 wt % DMSO) reached 213.8 L/m/bar and the rejection of BSA was 100%. Interestingly, the water flux of UF membranes dramatically decreased to 20.6 L/m/bar (20 wt %) and 2.9 L/m/bar (24 wt %) when increasing PAN concentrations in DMSO. On the other hand, the hydrophilicity of membranes can be enhanced by increasing coagulation temperatures and polymer concentrations which were characterized by static contact angle, fitting well with the variation tendency of roughness. Although there are many works concerning on the effects of phase inversion conditions on the performance of PAN UF membranes, to our best knowledge, there is seldom works focusing on investigating the membrane hydrophilicity trend by adjusting phase inversion conditions. To disclose the reason of the enhanced hydrophilicity, the water and glycol contact angles of various membranes were measured and the surface tensions were presented. The results illustrated that the enhanced hydrophilicity of PAN UF membranes fabricated at higher temperatures or higher polymer concentrations was due to the higher polarity on membrane surface. Since the vast majority of ultrafiltration membranes in labs and in industrial scale have been fabricated by immersion phase inversion method, this work can provide a guidance to obtain hydrophilic PAN UF membranes by adjusting the process of phase inversion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41991.
Zur Anwendung des Hauptzugspannungskriteriums bei der Nachrechnung bestehender Spannbetonbrücken
Authors: Hegger Josef , Marzahn Gero , Teworte Frederik , Herbrand Martin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBisher durchgeführte Nachrechnungen bestehender Spannbetonbrücken auf Basis der vom Bundesverkehrsministerium veröffentlichten Nachrechnungsrichtlinie haben in vielen Fällen Defizite der Querkraft‐ und Torsionstragfähigkeit sowie des Ermüdungswiderstands ergeben. In einem Forschungsvorhaben im Auftrag der Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen wurden daher Bemessungsverfahren formuliert, die in die erste Ergänzung zur bestehenden Nachrechnungsrichtlinie implementiert wurden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die entsprechenden Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit unter statischer und zyklischer Belastung ohne Berücksichtigung einer Querkraftbewehrung. Die Verfahren berücksichtigen neben neueren Forschungsergebnissen die technischen Regelwerke für Betonbrücken und basieren auf einem Nachweis der Hauptzugspannungen. Anhand einer typischen Hohlkastenbrücke des Bundesautobahnnetzes werden die Anwendung der Verfahren exemplarisch erläutert und die wesentlichen Ergebnisse dargestellt.Principal tensile stress criterion for the shear assessment of existing concrete bridgesThe structural assessment of existing road bridges that has been recently performed on the basis of the equally named provisions, issued in 2011 by the Federal Ministry of Transport and Urban Affairs, have revealed significant deficits in shear and torsion as well as fatigue resistance especially in prestressed concrete bridges. In a research project, funded by the Federal Highway Research Institute of Germany, design methods have been developed that were incorporated into the first addendum of the Structural Assessment Provisions. This paper describes the respective design methods for shear under static and cyclic loading without shear reinforcement. The procedures take into account current research results as well as the design codes for concrete bridges and are based on a verification of the principal tensile stresses. The use of the procedure and the main results are shown exemplarily by a design example of a typical box girder bridge of the German road network.
Activity‐Based Protein Profiling: Recent Advances in Probe Development and Applications
Authors: Yang Pengyu , Liu Kai 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe completion of the human genome sequencing project has provided a wealth of new information regarding the genomic blueprint of the cell. Although, to date, there are roughly 20 000 genes in the human genome, the functions of only a handful of proteins are clear. The major challenge lies in translating genomic information into an understanding of their cellular functions. The recently developed activity‐based protein profiling (ABPP) is an unconventional approach that is complementary for gene expression analysis and an ideal utensil in decoding this overflow of genomic information. This approach makes use of synthetic small molecules that covalently modify a set of related proteins and subsequently facilitates identification of the target protein, enabling rapid biochemical analysis and inhibitor discovery. This tutorial review introduces recent advances in the field of ABPP and its applications.
Green Process of Propylene Oxide Reaction for Thermal Hazard Assessment by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Simulation
Authors: Wang Tien‐Szu , Liu Shang‐Hao , Lin Yu‐Chi , Chen Ying‐Cyuan , Shu Chi‐Min 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn addition to polypropylene, acrylonitrile, and carbonyl alcohol, propylene oxide is the fourth major derivative among propylene derivatives and one of the important basic organic chemicals. A thermal stability test of catalyst, methanol, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was conducted via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Propylene epoxidation with H2O2 over catalyst, methanol, and propylene evenly mixed by specific pressure was carried out, and then the runaway reaction under adiabatic conditions was further simulated by the vent sizing package 2 (VSP2) to measure temperature and pressure data with respect to time of the runaway excursion. Finally, the apparent activation energy of H2O2 and propylene oxide reaction was obtained via temperature variation equation to evaluate the degree of potential hazard in industry.
Silica‐Supported Phosphotungstic Acid for Gas Phase Dehydration of Glycerol
Authors: Herbon Martin , Lange Andreas , Weiß Michael , Suprun Wladimir , Enke Dirk 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPhosphotungstic acid (H3PW12O40 6H2O) was immobilized within a hierarchically structured silica matrix by sol–gel inclusion using polyethylene oxide as a phase separation initiator (one‐pot synthesis). The macropore size of the SiO2‐HPW composites was controlled by the polymer content. The hierarchically structured catalysts with different HPW loadings were tested against their counterparts with monomodal pore size distribution, applying the dehydration of glycerol as a test reaction. The catalysts with bimodal pore size distribution showed a significantly better long‐term stability. The improved performance was attributed to their balanced acidity, excellent leaching stability, and enhanced mass transfer within the hierarchically structured pore system.
Novel Biocompatible and Self‐buffering Ionic Liquids for Biopharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Taha Mohamed , Almeida Mafalda R. , Silva Francisca A. e. , Domingues Pedro , Ventura Sónia P. M. , Coutinho João A. P. , Freire Mara G. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAntibodies obtained from egg yolk of immunized hens, immunoglobulin Y (IgY), are an alternative to the most focused mammal antibodies, because they can be obtained in higher titers by less invasive approaches. However, the production cost of high‐quality IgY for large‐scale applications remains higher than that of other drug therapies due to the lack of efficient purification methods. The search for new purification platforms is thus vital. The solution could be liquid–liquid extraction by using aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). Herein, we report the extraction and attempted purification of IgY from chicken egg yolk by using a new ABS composed of polymers and Good’s buffer ionic liquids (GB‐ILs). New self‐buffering and biocompatible ILs based on the cholinium cation and anions derived from Good’s buffers were synthesized and the self‐buffering characteristics and toxicity were characterized. Moreover, when these GB‐ILs are combined with PPG 400 (poly(propylene) glycol with a molecular weight of 400 g mol‐1) to form ABS, extraction efficiencies, of the water‐soluble fraction of proteins, ranging between 79 and 94 % were achieved in a single step. Based on computational investigations, we also demonstrate that the preferential partitioning of IgY for the GB‐IL‐rich phase is dominated by hydrogen‐bonding and van der Waals interactions.
Intrinsic Organic‐Based Synthetic/Artificial Antiferromagnets
Authors: Miller Joel S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMn(TCNE)[C4(CN)8]1/2 (TCNE=tetracyanoethylene) and [NEt4]MnII3(CN)7 have extended layers with nearest neighbor intralayer S=5/2 and S=1/2 spin sites that couple antiferromagnetically forming ferrimagnetic layers. These layers are uniformly connected via diamagnetic (nonmagnetic) bridging μ4‐[(C4(CN)8]2− (8.77 Å) or μ‐CN (5.48 Å) ligands, respectively, that antiferromagnetic couple the ferrimagnetic layers resulting in an antiferromagnet. The Jinter/kB is −1.0 and −1.8 K (H=−JSi⋅Sj) for Mn(TCNE)[C4(CN)8]1/2 and [NEt4]MnII3(CN)7, respectively. Albeit intrinsically multilayered, these antiferromagnets have the same motif as that for artificial/synthetic antiferromagnets that exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR) and are commercially used in many magnetic memory applications.
A Si Photocathode Protected and Activated with a Ti and Ni Composite Film for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Lai Yi‐Hsuan , Park Hyun S. , Zhang Jenny Z. , Matthews Peter D. , Wright Dominic S. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAn efficient, stable and scalable hybrid photoelectrode for visible‐light‐driven H2 generation in an aqueous pH 9.2 electrolyte solution is reported. The photocathode consists of a p‐type Si substrate layered with a Ti and Ni‐containing composite film, which acts as both a protection and electrocatalyst layer on the Si substrate. The film is prepared by the simple drop casting of the molecular single‐source precursor, [{Ti2(OEt)9(NiCl)}2] (TiNipre), onto the p‐Si surface at room temperature, followed by cathodic in situ activation to form the catalytically active TiNi film (TiNicat). The p‐Si|TiNicat photocathode exhibits prolonged hydrogen generation with a stable photocurrent of approximately −5 mA cm−2 at 0 V vs. RHE in an aqueous pH 9.2 borate solution for several hours, and serves as a benchmark non‐noble photocathode for solar H2 evolution that operates efficiently under neutral–alkaline conditions.
Wirtschaftschemie – Zu Hause in zwei Welten
Authors: Michel M.‐A. , Sieweke J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract“Aus meiner eigenen Erfahrung weiß ich: Die Kombination aus sehr guten chemischen Kenntnissen und einem soliden kommerziellen Verständnis – gepaart mit dem richtigen Maß an sozialer Kompetenz – macht Menschen sehr attraktiv für den Arbeitsmarkt”, Dr. Dorit Baucke (Senior Vice President, Global Purchasing Scent & Care, Symrise AG, Holzminden).
Colloidal Synthesis of Quaternary Wurtzite Cu3AlSnS5 Nanocrystals and Their Photoresponsive Properties
Authors: Bai Tianyu , Xing Shanghua , Lou Yue , Chen Cailing , Huang He , Li Chunguang , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNovel wurtzite Cu3AlSnS5 nanocrystals with uniform size and shape are synthesized for the first time using a facile colloidal synthetic approach. The nanocrystals are characterized in detail and have a band gap of 1.35 eV. The photoresponsive behavior indicates their potential application in solar energy conversion devices.
A Hetero‐Bifunctional Spacer for the Smart Engineering of Carbon‐Based Nanostructures
Authors: Tuci Giulia , Luconi Lapo , Rossin Andrea , Baldini Francesco , Cicchi Stefano , Tombelli Sara , Trono Cosimo , Giannetti Ambra , Manet Ilse , Fedeli Stefano , Brandi Alberto , Giambastiani Giuliano 
Published: February 2015

AbstractInvited for this month’s cover are collaborators from four different Italian research groups, three at the National Research Council (ICCOM, IFAC, and ISOF) and one at the University of Florence. The cover picture shows a representative cartoon of engineered 1D carbon nanomaterials and their effective surface decoration with (bio)molecules and fluorescent markers. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201402391