bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast processing of diel oxygen curves: Estimating stream metabolism with BASE (BAyesian Single‐station Estimation)
Authors: Grace Michael R. , Giling Darren P. , Hladyz Sally , Caron Valerie , Thompson Ross M. , Mac Nally Ralph 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe measurement of stream metabolism (gross primary production and respiration) has become more feasible with the availability of more reliable dissolved oxygen (DO) probes. Such metabolic measurements offer important opportunities in fundamental and applied research, especially in relating stream metabolic responses to human and other pressures. The accurate determination of the reaeration coefficient is one challenge for making reliable ecological inferences from DO measurements made over many diel periods (i.e., months or years). We outline three methods for calculating atmospheric reaeration but concentrate on the use of statistical estimation to simultaneously estimate reaeration and metabolic rates using Bayesian model fitting. While there are existing programs (ModelMaker and Bayesian Metabolic Model [BaMM]), these are either slow or unable to be used easily for fitting multiple days of metabolic data (one to many months). Our implementation, BAyesian Single‐station Estimation (BASE), uses freely available software (R and OpenBUGS), includes a batch mode that can fit data for many days, and provides visual and statistical measures of “goodness‐of‐fit.” We compare the results of the BASE, ModelMaker, and BaMM programs.
A low‐cost, versatile data logging system for ecological applications
Authors: Gandra Miguel , Seabra Rui , Lima Fernando P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis work introduces a new lightweight, small, and modular data logger that can be used to record a vast array of environmental and physiological parameters in the field or in the laboratory, together with the corresponding software. The device, named NanoLogger, is based on the open‐source platform Arduino, featuring a custom‐made circuit board with easily serviceable connectors, a real‐time clock and a MicroSD memory card. The assemblage of the entire system does not require extensive electronics knowledge and can be done spending under $150 in parts, contrasting with most commercially available scientific loggers, which are at least one or two orders of magnitude more expensive. To demonstrate the system's capabilities and limitations, we connected the NanoLogger with (i) a triple‐axis accelerometer to log the effect of wave action on Fucus spiralis, (ii) a thermocouple to register the body temperature of intertidal gastropods (Patella depressa and P. vulgata) during a low tide, and (iii) an infrared sensor to record the heartbeat of a mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in the laboratory. NanoLogger's relative low price and versatility can contribute to build networks of environmental loggers to monitor multiple environmental parameters across large geographical scales.
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the treatment of motor signs in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative review of the literature
Authors: Zanjani Anosha , Zakzanis Konstantine K. , Daskalakis Zafiris J. , Chen Robert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by the emergence of motor deficits. In light of the voluminous and conflicting findings in the literature, the aim of the present quantitative review was to examine the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) in the treatment of motor signs in PD. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed using meta‐analytic techniques and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) sections II and III were used as outcome measures. In order to determine the treatment effects of rTMS, the UPDRS II and III scores obtained at baseline, same day, to 1 day post rTMS treatment (short‐term follow‐up) and 1‐month post stimulation (long‐term follow‐up) were compared between the active and sham rTMS groups. Additionally, the placebo effect was evaluated as the changes in UPDRS III scores in the sham rTMS groups. A placebo effect was not demonstrated, because sham rTMS did not improve motor signs as measured by UPDRS III. Compared with sham rTMS, active rTMS targeting the M1 significantly improved UPDRS III scores at the short‐term follow‐up (Cohen's d of 0.27, UPDRS III score improvement of 3.8 points). When the long‐term follow‐up UPDRS III scores were compared with baseline scores, the standardized effect size between active and sham rTMS did not reach significance. However, this translated into a significant nonstandardized 6.3‐point improvement on the UPDRS III. No significant improvement in the UPDRS II was found. rTMS over the M1 may improve motor signs. Further studies are needed to provide a definite conclusion. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Pain Management Programmes for Non‐English‐Speaking Black and Minority Ethnic Groups With Long‐Term or Chronic Pain
Authors: Burton A. E. , Shaw R. L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIncreasing ethnic diversity in the UK means that there is a growing need for National Health Service care to be delivered to non‐English‐speaking patients. The aims of the present systematic review were to: (1) better understand the outcomes of chronic pain management programmes (PMPs) for ethnic minority and non‐English‐speaking patients and (2) explore the perspectives on and experiences of chronic pain for these groups. A systematic review identified 26 papers meeting the inclusion criteria; no papers reported on the outcomes of PMPs delivered in the UK. Of the papers obtained, four reported on PMPs conducted outside the UK; eight reported on ethnic differences in patients seeking support from pain management services in America; and the remaining papers included literature reviews, an experimental pain study, a collaborative enquiry, and a survey of patient and clinician ratings of pain. The findings indicate a lack of research into UK‐based pain management for ethnic minorities and non‐English‐speaking patients. The literature suggests that effective PMPs must be tailored to meet cultural experiences of pain and beliefs about pain management. There is a need for further research to explore these cultural beliefs in non‐English‐speaking groups in the UK. Culturally sensitive evaluations of interpreted PMPs with long‐term follow‐up are needed to assess the effectiveness of current provision. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of intramuscular fat by muscle echo intensity
Authors: Young Hui‐Ju , Jenkins Nathan T. , Zhao Qun , Mccully Kevin K. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The aim of this study was to compare ultrasound echo intensity (EI) with high‐resolution T1‐weighted MRI and to establish calibration equations to estimate percent intramuscular fat from EI. Methods: Thirty‐one participants underwent both ultrasound and MRI testing of 4 muscles: rectus femoris (RF); biceps femoris (BF); tibialis anterior (TA); and medial gastrocnemius (MG). Results: Strong correlations were found between MRI percent fat and muscle EI after correcting for subcutaneous fat thickness (r = 0.91 in RF, r = 0.80 in BF, r = 0.80 in TA, r = 0.76 in MG). Three types of calibration equations were established. Conclusions: Muscle ultrasound is a practical and reproducible method that can be used as an imaging technique for examination of percent intramuscular fat. Future ultrasound studies are needed to establish equations for other muscle groups to enhance its use in both research and clinical settings. Muscle Nerve 52: 963–971, 2015
Analysis of an aggregation‐based algebraic two‐grid method for a rotated anisotropic diffusion problem
Authors: Chen Meng‐Huo , Greenbaum Anne 
Published: March 2015

SummaryA two‐grid convergence analysis based on the paper [Algebraic analysis of aggregation‐based multigrid, by A. Napov and Y. Notay, Numer. Lin. Alg. Appl. 18 (2011), pp. 539–564] is derived for various aggregation schemes applied to a finite element discretization of a rotated anisotropic diffusion equation. As expected, it is shown that the best aggregation scheme is one in which aggregates are aligned with the anisotropy. In practice, however, this is not what automatic aggregation procedures do. We suggest approaches for determining appropriate aggregates based on eigenvectors associated with small eigenvalues of a block splitting matrix or based on minimizing a quantity related to the spectral radius of the iteration matrix. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Persistent racial and ethnic differences in location of death for children with cancer
Authors: Cawkwell Philip B. , Gardner Sharon L. , Weitzman Michael 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundApproximately one in 285 children will be diagnosed with cancer before reaching their 20th birthday. While both oncologists and parents report a preference that these children die at home rather than in a hospital, there are limited data exploring this issue in depth.ProcedureWe performed a retrospective analysis of national‐level data from 1999 to 2011 from the National Center for Health Statistics “Underlying Cause of Death” database. Characteristics investigated included sex, race, age, ethnicity, cancer type, geographic location, and population density where the child lived.ResultsOf the 2,130 children with a death attributable to neoplasm in 2011, 37.6% (95% CI, 35.5–39.6%) died at home compared to 36.9% (95% CI, 35.0–38.8%) in 1999. In 2011, there were statistically significant racial differences between white, black, and Hispanic children across nearly every age group, with white children consistently most likely to die at home. Children of non‐Hispanic origin were significantly more likely to die at home than Hispanic children (40.3% vs. 29.3%, P < 0.001). Children with CNS tumors are more likely to die at home than children with neoplasms as a whole, while children with leukemia are less likely. Statistically significant differences by race and ethnicity persist regardless of cancer type.ConclusionsThere has been no significant change in the rate of children with cancer who die at home over the past decade. Racial and ethnic differences have persisted in end of life care for children with cancer with white non‐Hispanic children being most likely to die at home. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1403–1408. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relations of meaning in life and sense of coherence to distress in cancer patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Winger Joseph G. , Adams Rebecca N. , Mosher Catherine E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveCancer patients report high rates of distress. The related constructs of meaning in life (MiL) and sense of coherence (SOC) have long been recognized as important factors in the psychological adjustment to cancer; however, both constructs' associations with distress have not been quantitatively reviewed or compared in this population. Informed by Park's integrated meaning‐making model and Antonovsky's salutogenic model, the goals of this meta‐analysis were the following: (1) to compare the strength of MiL‐distress and SOC‐distress associations in cancer patients; and (2) to examine potential moderators of both associations (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, religious affiliation, disease stage, and time since diagnosis).MethodsA literature search was conducted using electronic databases. Overall, 62 records met inclusion criteria. The average MiL‐distress and SOC‐distress associations were quantified as Pearson's r correlation coefficients and compared using a one‐way ANOVA.ResultsBoth MiL and SOC demonstrated significant, negative associations with distress (r = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.47 to −0.35, k = 44; and r = −0.59, 95% CI: −0.67 to −0.51, k = 18, respectively). Moreover, the MiL‐distress association was significantly smaller than the SOC‐distress association (Qb = 10.42, df = 1, p < 0.01). Neither association varied by the tested moderators.ConclusionsFindings provide support for the clinical relevance of MiL and SOC across demographic and medical subgroups of cancer patients. The strength of the SOC‐distress association suggests that incorporating aspects of SOC (e.g., the perceived manageability of life circumstances) into meaning‐centered interventions may improve their effectiveness for distressed cancer patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resilience in adults with cancer: development of a conceptual model
Authors: Deshields Teresa L. , Heiland Mark F. , Kracen Amanda C. , Dua Priya 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectiveResilience is a construct addressed in the psycho‐oncology literature and is especially relevant to cancer survivorship. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for resilience that is specific to adults diagnosed with cancer.MethodsTo establish the proposed model, a brief review of the various definitions of resilience and of the resilience literature in oncology is provided.ResultsThe proposed model includes baseline attributes (personal and environmental) which impact how an individual responds to an adverse event, which in this paper is cancer‐related. The survivor has an initial response that fits somewhere on the distress–resilience continuum; however, post‐cancer experiences (and interventions) can modify the initial response through a process of recalibration.ConclusionsThe literature reviewed indicates that resilience is a common response to cancer diagnosis or treatment. The proposed model supports the view of resilience as both an outcome and a dynamic process. Given the process of recalibration, a discussion is provided of interventions that might facilitate resilience in adults with cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A numerical analysis of a MOCVD process for the growth of GaN nanowires using GaCl3 and NH3
Authors: Serrano Perez Edgar , Nuñez Velazquez Miguel A. , Juárez Lopez Fernando 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, the analysis of horizontal cold wall reactor for GaN nanowires growing from GaCl3 and NH3 at atmospheric pressure conditions has been studied. It aims to provide better understanding of the MOCVD process especially of deposition process of GaN nanowires as well as fluid dynamics inside the reactor. Numerical solution to transport model coupled with 2D geometry using CFD shows several results including GaCl3 thermal decomposition at different temperature conditions, velocity and temperature distribution as well as concentration profiles into reactor. Afterwards experimental parameters of temperature and gases flow were set to growth of GaN nanowires. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the microstructural characteristics of GaN nanowires. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2D AlN crystal phase formation on (0001) Al2O3 surface by ammonia MBE
Authors: Malin Timur , Mansurov Vladimir , Galitsyn Yury , Zhuravlev Konstantin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractKinetics of a two‐dimensional (2D) AlN layer formation on (0001) sapphire (Al2O3) surface during nitridation at different ammonia fluxes is investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The process on the surface is described in the framework of a chemical reactions kinetic model including interaction between partially reduced aluminum oxide species (AlO) and chemisorbed NH2 particles. The experimentally determined AlN formation rates as functions of both the temperature and the ammonia pressure are successfully described by a simple set of kinetic equations. Calculated maximum rate of the process well agrees with the experimental values. Precision measurement of 2D AlN lattice parameters during the nitridation process detects the value of 3.01 Å. This value coincides exactly with a characteristic structure parameter of the oxygen‐deficient Al2O3 surface. We assume this coincidence results from flexibility of the 2D AlN monolayer which provides minimization of elastic stresses at the AlN/(0001)Al2O3 interface. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Blue to true green LEDs with semipolar quantum wells based on GaN nanostripes
Authors: Leute Robert A. R. , Wang Junjun , Meisch Tobias , Biskupek Joachim , Kaiser Ute , Scholz Ferdinand 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecent advances of the performance of GaN based devices with semipolar quantum wells have been realized homoepitaxially on pseudo bulk substrates which are typically small in size and high in cost. These limitations fuel the search for cheap and large area alternatives. Heteroepitaxial growth on sapphire substrates is well established with excellent results for polar GaN structures ‐ the growth of semipolar gallium nitride on sapphire, however, presents unique challenges. In order to profit from our expertise in c‐plane samples, our semipolar gallium nitride growth experiments are based on growth in c‐direction.Using selective area epitaxy (SAE) on c‐oriented templates, we can grow 3D structures with semipolar side facets. These structures are typically several μm in size which constitutes further challenges for device processing. Reducing the size of the structures to a sub‐μm scale, we are able to bury our semipolar QWs within planar layers resulting in flat samples with c‐plane surfaces. In this contribution, we present our results concerning the structural quality and spectral properties of quantum wells emitting in the blue and green spectral range as well as light emitting diodes. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface polariton spectroscopy of AlN films grown by ammonia MBE on (0001) Al2O3 substrate
Authors: Novikova N. N. , Vinogradov E. A. , Yakovlev V. A. , Malin T. V. , Mansurov V. G. , Zhuravlev K. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSurface polariton (SP) spectra of nitridated sapphire and rather thick (1 µm) AlN films on sapphire have been measured using attenuated total reflection technique. The high sensitivity of SP allows to see the sapphire spectra change after nitridation of sapphire and even variations parameters of the nitridation procedure. SP dispersion curves depend on degree of conversion of an initial sapphire surface layer into crystalline AlN during the nitridation procedure. The TO frequencies of formed AlN films are higher than the frequency reported for the AlN single crystal indicating the increase of the lattice constant. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of interference effects on the photoluminescence of AlGaN/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Ramírez‐López M. , Casallas‐Moreno Y. L. , Pérez‐Caro M. , Escobosa‐Echevarria A. , Gallardo‐Hernández S. , Huerta‐Ruelas J. , Lopez‐Lopez M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work we compared the optical properties of AlGaN(50 nm)/GaN(5 nm) quantum wells (QWs) grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) technique, on Si(111) substrates and sapphire substrates. Optical properties were acquired by photoluminescence (PL) and reflectance (R) spectroscopies. Reflectance spectra shows interference oscillations of the reflected beam at Air/AlGaN and the beam reflected at bottom interface with Si substrate. Such oscillations vanish at the band gap of GaN buffer layer (3.4 eV). The PL spectra of samples grown on Silicon substrate shows a photoluminescence modulation effect, attributed to interference of light emitted from the QWs that is reflected at different heterostructure interfaces. On sapphire substrate no modulation effect is present. This could be explained due to interfacial roughness and the smaller refractive index of sapphire in comparison to silicon. PL shows a strong emission around 3 eV, which is in agreement with recombination energy determined by self‐consistent calculations, which consider a 4 MV/cm built‐in electric field and low carrier densities. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved thermal stability and narrowed line width of photoluminescence from InGaN nanorod by ytterbium doping
Authors: Wang Jingzhou , Dasari Kiran , Cooper Kevin , Thota Venkata R. , Wright Jason , Palai Ratnakar , Ingram David C. , Stinaff Eric A. , Kaya S. , Jadwisienczak W. M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNanorod of in situ Yb‐doped InGaN and undoped InGaN have been grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Selected regions on Yb‐doped InGaN sample show single dominant near band edge emission (NBE) in green, yellow or orange color due to the variation of In content. Temperature dependent PL peak energy of InGaN nanorod shows the characteristic S ‐shaped behavior indicating the presents of strong exciton localization energy in undoped InGaN nanorod. The exciton localization energy reduced significantly after incorporating Yb into InGaN, giving rise to damping of the S‐shape profile amplitude and narrowing of the PL line width from ∼20 meV to ∼12 meV at 11 K. It is proposed that the improved PL thermal stability and the PL line width in Yb‐doped InGaN nanorod is affected by the Yb gettering effect. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of AlGaN multiple quantum wells on sapphire with lattice‐relaxation layer
Authors: Nakahama Kazuhiro , Fukuyo Fumitsugu , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Yoshida Harumasa , Kobayashi Yuji 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe influences of three types of lattice‐relaxation layer between AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) and AlN layer on sapphire substrate were investigated. For structure (a), two‐high‐Al‐mole‐fraction AlGaN layers grown at 1170 °C was prepared. For structure (b), an AlN interlayer with growth temperature at 1450 °C was inserted between AlN/sapphire substrate and two‐high‐Al‐mole‐fraction AlGaN layer. For structure (c), an Al‐composition‐graded AlGaN layer with decreasing Al composition was grown after an AlN interlayer at 1450 °C by lowering the temperature gradually from the growth temperature of AlN. The narrowest rocking curve X‐ray diffraction at AlGaN MQWs occurs while using structure (b) as lattice‐relaxation layer. The highest emission intensity of cathodoluminescence from AlGaN MQWs at room temperature was also shown by using structure (b). The ratio of integrated intensity of spectra at 300 K and 10 K (I300K/I10K) is 58%. High temperature AlN films as lattice‐relaxation layer improved the crystal quality and emission intensity in AlGaN MQWs. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)