bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser Actuation of Cantilevers for Picometre Amplitude Dynamic Force Microscopy
Authors: Evans Drew R. , Tayati Ponlawat , An Hongjie , Lam Ping Koy , Craig Vincent S. J. , Senden Tim J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAs nanoscale and molecular devices become reality, the ability to probe materials on these scales is increasing in importance. To address this, we have developed a dynamic force microscopy technique where the flexure of the microcantilever is excited using an intensity modulated laser beam to achieve modulation on the picoscale. The flexure arises from thermally induced bending through differential expansion and the conservation of momentum when the photons are reflected and absorbed by the cantilever. In this study, we investigated the photothermal and photon pressure responses of monolithic and layered cantilevers using a modulated laser in air and immersed in water. The developed photon actuation technique is applied to the stretching of single polymer chains.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction by best tree selection using coded discrete cosine harmonic wavelet packet transform
Authors: Suma Manuvinakurike Narasimhasastry , Narasimhan Somenahalli Venkatarangachar , Kanmani Buddhi 
Published: July 2014

A new orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with reduced peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) based on coded discrete cosine harmonic wavelet packet transform (DCHWPT), is proposed. In this method, tree pruning is done for the selection of a tree structure with minimum PAPR. To identify different tree structures, Gray code is used which is communicated as side information to the receiver. Also to improve bit error rate (BER) performance and reduce PAPR, Hadamard codes are employed. The proposed method based on DCHWPT exploits the desirable discrete cosine transform (DCT) properties like energy compaction/low leakage, better frequency resolution and its real nature, compared with those of discrete Fourier transform. Further, the harmonic wavelet employed has built in decimation without any associated antialiasing filters and easy reconstruction by concatenation of different scales in frequency (DCT) domain with no image rejection filters and complicated delay compensation makes the proposed wavelet packet simple in implementation. The proposed OFDM discrete cosine harmonic wavelet packet (DCHWP‐OFDM) which leverages the advantages of DCHWPT has been used for BPSK modulated signals. The DCHWP‐OFDM provides an improvement of PAPR reduction of 2.4 and 3.4 dB as compared with those of Haar and Daubechies‐4 wavelet packet OFDM, respectively. This reduction in PAPR is with a BER performance in the range of 0.001–0.0001 at an signal‐to‐noise ratio of 10 dB.
Belastungsinduzierte laryngeale Obstruktion in Abgrenzung zum Asthma bronchiale
Authors: Miller S. , Jungheim M. , Schwemmle C. , Schoof S. , Ptok M. 
Published: July 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Induzierbare laryngeale Obstruktionen (ILO) beschreiben anfallsartig auftretende Atembeschwerden bis hin zur Atemnot und können durch verschiedene Faktoren ausgelöst werden. Die Symptomausprägung ist dem des Asthma bronchiale sehr ähnlich. Im Folgenden werden 3 Kasuistiken zu einer Sonderform der ILO, der belastungsinduzierten laryngealen Obstruktion (exercise induced laryngeal obstruction/EILO), beschrieben und dargestellt, wie die EILO in Abgrenzung zum Asthma bronchiale sicher diagnostiziert werden kann.
Methodik: Provokation der laryngealen Symptome durch körperliche Belastung über eine Laufband- bzw. Fahrradspiroergometrie bei 3 Patientinnen mit anschließender Lupenlaryngoskopie.
Ergebnisse: Bei allen 3 Patientinnen konnten die beschriebenen Symptome mittels Laufband- bzw. Fahrradspiroergometrie provoziert werden. Spiroergometrisch zeigte sich eine Plateaubildung bzw. ein Absinken der Kohlenstoffdioxidabgabekurve und der Sauerstoffaufnahmekurve mit Einsetzen des Stridors, jeweils 1½–2 min nach dem Überschreiten der anaerobe Schwelle. Laryngoskopisch war eine Adduktionsbewegung der Stimmlippen während der Inspiration teilweise mit einem Kollaps der supraglottischen Strukturen nach endolaryngeal zu beobachten.
Diskussion: Hier wurde erstmals beschrieben, dass eine EILO eindeutig anhand der im Rahmen einer Spiroergometrie aufgezeichneten Respirationskurven dargestellt werden kann. Bei den beschriebenen Kasuistiken zeigte sich eine reproduzierbare Plateaubildung bzw. ein Absinken der Kohlenstoffdioxidabgabekurve und der Sauerstoffaufnahmekurve mit Einsetzen des Stridors, jeweils 1½–2 min nach dem Überschreiten der „ventilatorischen Schwelle 1“. Auch wird mit der unmittelbar nach dem Belastungshöhepunkt erfolgenden Endoskopie ein praxistaugliches Untersuchungsverfahren zur Diagnosestellung einer EILO in Abgrenzung zum Asthma bronchiale vorgestellt.
Development and measurement properties of a putting skill test for high‐level golf
Authors: Robertson Sam , Gupta Surabhi , Kremer Peter , Burnett Angus F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDespite a recent increase in the amount of research investigating performance in golf, a comprehensive putting skill test has not been reported in the peer‐reviewed literature. In this study, the Golf Australia Putting Test (GAPT) was developed and a series of measurement properties were assessed. Elite (n = 18) and high‐level amateur (HLA; n = 22) participants completed six single putts from various areas on six concentric circles (circle radii = 0.9, 1.5, 3.0, 4.6, 6.1 and 7.6 m). Using a scoring system that rewarded participants for holing putts from longer distances, the maximum score from a single round of the test (i.e. 36 putts) was 27 points. After two rounds of the test were completed by all players, a subsample of participants (elite, n = 15; HLA, n = 7) had their putting performance recorded during tournament play for a period of 90 days to assess criterion (predictive) validity of the test. The reliability, sensitivity and discriminative validity of the GAPT were also assessed. Better agreement between Rounds 1 and 2 scores was noted in the elite group, whilst reliability values were similar for both groups. Further, the GAPT scores were shown to predict players from the elite and high‐ability groups with a low classification error. An equation for predicting on‐course performance from GAPT scores was also developed. Findings from this study indicate that the GAPT is a valid and reliable tool for high‐level players and the GAPT may be used for player evaluation in the field.
Biomechanical analysis to determine the external power output on an immersible ergocycle
Authors: Garzon Mauricio , Gayda Mathieu , Garzon Leonardo , Juneau Martin , Nigam Anil , Leone Mario , Comtois Alain Steve 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe external power output (Pext) is unknown during chest‐level immersion exercise on water immersible ergocycles (IE). This knowledge will allow the practitioner to prescribe accurately exercise on an IE to the same workload on dryland ergocycle (DE). To develop a mathematical model to calculate Pext during chest‐level immersion exercise on IE at different pedalling rates (rpm) taking into account the water external force exerted on the legs and pedalling mechanism. Thirty healthy participants (age: 33 ± 10 years) performed a maximal incremental exercise test on IE (chest‐level immersion) and on a DE. Pedalling rate was increased by 10 rpm every minute beginning at 40 till 120 rpm. Pext was calculated by applying the general fluid equation on all elements exposed to water external force exertions (legs and pedalling system). Regression analysis yielded the following equations to determine (1) IE Pext (W) based on pedalling rate (rpm): Pext (W) = 0.0004 (rpm)2.993 (r2 = 0.99, SEE = 7.6 W, p < 0.0001) and (2) when DE Pext (W) is known, IE pedalling rate (rpm) = 13.91 × DE Pext (W)0.329 (r2 = 0.99, SEE = 1.5 W, p < 0.0001). This study provides a mathematical model based on the general fluid equation to calculate IE Pext during chest‐level immersion exercise using pedalling rate (rpm), IE pedalling system physical characteristics and lower limb size. This model can be used to determine Pext for any IE type for exercise training prescription.
Effect of sprint training: Training once daily versus twice every second day
Authors: Ijichi Toshiaki , Hasegawa Yuta , Morishima Takuma , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Hamaoka Takafumi , Goto Kazushige 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study compared training adaptations between once daily (SINGLE) and twice every second day (REPEATED) sprint training, with same number of training sessions. Twenty physically active males (20.9 ± 1.3 yr) were assigned randomly to the SINGLE (n = 10) or REPEATED (n = 10) group. The SINGLE group trained once per day (5 days per week) for 4 weeks (20 sessions in total). The REPEATED group conducted two consecutive training sessions on the same day, separated by a rest period of 1 h (2–3 days per week) for 4 weeks (20 sessions in total). Each training session consisted of three consecutive 30‐s maximal pedalling sets with a 10‐min rest between sets. Before and after the training period, the power output during two bouts of 30‐s maximal pedalling, exercise duration during submaximal pedalling and resting muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) levels were evaluated. Both groups showed significant increases in peak and mean power output during the two 30‐s bouts of maximal pedalling after the training period (P < 0.05). The groups showed similar increases in after the training period (P < 0.05). The REPEATED group showed a significant increase in the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) after the training period (P < 0.05), whereas no change was observed in the SINGLE group. The time to exhaustion at 90% of and muscle PCr concentration at baseline did not change significantly in either group. Sprint training twice every second day improved OBLA during endurance exercise more than the same training once daily.
Detecting tactical patterns in basketball: Comparison of merge self‐organising maps and dynamic controlled neural networks
Authors: Kempe Matthias , Grunz Andreas , Memmert Daniel 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe soaring amount of data, especially spatial‐temporal data, recorded in recent years demands for advanced analysis methods. Neural networks derived from self‐organizing maps established themselves as a useful tool to analyse static and temporal data. In this study, we applied the merge self‐organising map (MSOM) to spatio‐temporal data. To do so, we investigated the ability of MSOM′s to analyse spatio‐temporal data and compared its performance to the common dynamical controlled network (DyCoN) approach to analyse team sport position data. The position data of 10 players were recorded via the Ubisense tracking system during a basketball game. Furthermore, three different pre‐selected plays were recorded for classification. Following data preparation, the different nets were trained with the data of the first half. The training success of both networks was evaluated by achieved entropy. The second half of the basketball game was presented to both nets for automatic classification. Both approaches were able to present the trained data extremely well and to detect the pre‐selected plays correctly. In conclusion, MSOMs are a useful tool to analyse spatial‐temporal data, especially in team sports. By their direct inclusion of different time length of tactical patterns, they open up new opportunities within team sports.
‘Don’t You Dare to Vote With the Communists!’: Timeliness, Nostalgia, and the Authenticity of Experience inI’m a Communist Biddy!
Authors: Komporaly Jozefina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the parallel adaptation processes between genres and media of Dan Lungu’s celebrated Romanian novel I’m a Communist Biddy! (2007). Drawing on Stere Gulea’s film adaptation ( Sunt a babă comunistă !, MediaPro Pictures, Romania, 2013) and Tamara Török and Judit Csoma’s stage version ( Egy komcsi nyanya vagyok! , Katona József Theatre, Budapest, 2013), the article observes that neither film nor play are governed by an agenda of fidelity to the source text, and they depart from the literary source because of a new historical and economic context, in which the preoccupation with the communist era remains a timely endeavour all the same. Both versions strive for authenticity in terms of location and time period, and to this end they opt for an elaborate recreation of the past in the film and a reduction to literal levels of austerity onstage. Thus, both cinematic and stage adaptation operate as explorations into the protagonist’s past, and in this sense they are illuminating works of art about personal memory, embedded to a certain extent, within collective memory. The adaptations strive to accurately represent selected notions of history, in parallel with which they also create alternative temporalities that mythologize history and favour a nonlinear sense of time. For this reason, I read these adaptations—ranging from transposition to commentary—as a form of translation, that explores the relationship between women and history and intertwines a cluster of influences, from historical plays and films, memory and verbatim plays, as well as staged biographies and enactments ‘on location’.
The Consequences of Obesity for the External Costs of Public Health Insurance in the United States
Authors: MacEwan Joanna P. , Alston Julian M. , Okrent Abigail M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractOver the past five decades in the United States, total medical expenditures and the proportion of medical expenditures financed with public funds have both increased significantly. A substantial increase in the prevalence of obesity has contributed to this growth. In this study we measure the external cost of obesity in the form of publicly funded health‐care expenditures, and how this cost changes when the distribution of obesity in the population changes. We use a continuous measure of obesity, Body Mass Index (BMI), rather than discrete BMI categories to represent the distribution of obesity and changes in it. We predict that a one‐unit increase in BMI for every adult in the United States would increase annual public medical expenditures by $6.0 billion. This estimated public cost equates to an average marginal cost of $27 per year, per adult for a one‐unit increase in BMI for each adult in the U.S. population—or $4.35 per pound. Separately, we estimate that if every U.S. adult who is now obese (BMI ≥30) had a BMI of 25 instead, annual public medical expenditures would decline by $166.2 billion (in constant 2009 dollars), or 15.2% of annual public medical expenditures in 2009. Assuming a socially optimal BMI of no more than 25, we estimate that the prevalence of obesity in 2009 resulted in a deadweight loss of $148.2 billion in 2009.
Inter-species prediction of protein phosphorylation in the sbv IMPROVER species translation challenge
Authors: Biehl Michael , Sadowski Peter , Bhanot Gyan , Bilal Erhan , Dayarian Adel , Meyer Pablo , Norel Raquel , Rhrissorrakrai Kahn , Zeller Michael D. , Hormoz Sahand 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Animal models are widely used in biomedical research for reasons ranging from practical to ethical. An important issue is whether rodent models are predictive of human biology. This has been addressed recently in the framework of a series of challenges designed by the systems biology verification for Industrial Methodology for Process Verification in Research (sbv IMPROVER) initiative. In particular, one of the sub-challenges was devoted to the prediction of protein phosphorylation responses in human bronchial epithelial cells, exposed to a number of different chemical stimuli, given the responses in rat bronchial epithelial cells. Participating teams were asked to make inter-species predictions on the basis of available training examples, comprising transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics data.
Results: Here, the two best performing teams present their data-driven approaches and computational methods. In addition, post hoc analyses of the datasets and challenge results were performed by the participants and challenge organizers. The challenge outcome indicates that successful prediction of protein phosphorylation status in human based on rat phosphorylation levels is feasible. However, within the limitations of the computational tools used, the inclusion of gene expression data does not improve the prediction quality. The post hoc analysis of time-specific measurements sheds light on the signaling pathways in both species.
Availability and implementation: A detailed description of the dataset, challenge design and outcome is available at www.sbvimprover.com. The code used by team IGB is provided under http://github.com/uci-igb/improver2013. Implementations of the algorithms applied by team AMG are available at http://bhanot.biomaps.rutgers.edu/wiki/AMG-sc2-code.zip.
Contact: meikelbiehl@gmail.com
FindPath: a Matlab solution for
in silico
design of synthetic metabolic pathways
Authors: Vieira Gilles , Carnicer Marc , Portais Jean-Charles , Heux Stéphanie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary: Several methods and computational tools have been developed to design novel metabolic pathways. A major challenge is evaluating the metabolic efficiency of the designed pathways in the host organism. Here we present FindPath, a unified system to predict and rank possible pathways according to their metabolic efficiency in the cellular system. This tool uses a chemical reaction database to generate possible metabolic pathways and exploits constraint-based models (CBMs) to identify the most efficient synthetic pathway to achieve the desired metabolic function in a given host microorganism. FindPath can be used with common tools for CBM manipulation and uses the standard SBML format for both input and output files.
Availability and implementation: http://metasys.insa-toulouse.fr/software/findpath/ .
Contact: heux@insa-toulouse.fr
Supplementary information : Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enhanced auto-antibody production and Mott cell formation in FcμR-deficient autoimmune mice
Authors: Honjo Kazuhito , Kubagawa Yoshiki , Suzuki Yusuke , Takagi Miyuki , Ohno Hiroshi , Bucy R. Pat , Izui Shozo , Kubagawa Hiromi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe IgM-Fc receptor (FcμR) is involved in IgM homeostasis as evidenced by increased pre-immune serum IgM and natural auto-antibodies of both IgM and IgG isotypes in Fcmr-deficient C57BL/6 (B6) mice. To determine the impact of Fcmr-ablation on autoimmunity, we introduced the Fcmr null mutation onto the Fas-deficient autoimmune-prone B6.MRL Faslpr/lpr mouse background (B6/lpr). Both IgM and IgG auto-antibodies against dsDNA or chromatin appeared earlier in FcμR(−) B6/lpr than FcμR(+) B6/lpr mice, but this difference became less pronounced with age. Splenic B2 cells, which were 2-fold elevated in FcμR(+) B6/lpr mice, were reduced to normal B6 levels in FcμR(−) B6/lpr mice, whereas splenic B1 cells were comparable in both groups of B6/lpr mice. By contrast, marginal zone (MZ) B cells were markedly reduced in FcμR(−) B6/lpr mice compared with either FcμR(+) B6/lpr or wild type (WT) B6 mice. This reduction appeared to result from rapid differentiation of MZ B cells into plasma cells in the absence of FcμR, as IgM antibody to a Smith (Sm) antigen, to which MZ B cells are known to preferentially respond, was greatly increased in both groups (B6/lpr and B6) of FcμR(−) mice compared with FcμR(+) B6/lpr or B6 mice. Mott cells, aberrant plasma cells with intra-cytoplasmic inclusions, were also increased in the absence of FcμR. Despite these abnormalities, the severity of renal pathology and function and survival were all indistinguishable between FcμR(−) and FcμR(+) B6/lpr mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that FcμR plays important roles in the regulation of auto-antibody production, Mott cell formation and the differentiation of MZ B cells into plasma cells in B6.MRL Faslpr/lpr mice.
Opinion: uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) plays distinct and non-canonical roles in somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination
Authors: Yousif Ashraf S. , Stanlie Andre , Begum Nasim A. , Honjo Tasuku 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is essential to class switch recombination (CSR) and somatic hypermutation (SHM). Uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG), a member of the base excision repair complex, is required for CSR. The role of UNG in CSR and SHM is extremely controversial. AID deficiency in mice abolishes both CSR and SHM, while UNG-deficient mice have drastically reduced CSR but augmented SHM raising a possibility of differential functions of UNG in CSR and SHM. Interestingly, UNG has been associated with a CSR-specific repair adapter protein Brd4, which interacts with acetyl histone 4, γH2AX and 53BP1 to promote non-homologous end joining during CSR. A non-canonical scaffold function of UNG, but not the catalytic activity, can be attributed to the recruitment of essential repair proteins associated with the error-free repair during SHM, and the end joining during CSR.
A dimeric state for PRC2
Authors: Davidovich Chen , Goodrich Karen J. , Gooding Anne R. , Cech Thomas R. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) is a histone methyltransferase required for epigenetic silencing during development and cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can recruit PRC2 to chromatin. Previous studies identified PRC2 subunits in a complex with the apparent molecular weight of a dimer, which might be accounted for by the incorporation of additional protein subunits or RNA rather than PRC2 dimerization. Here we show that reconstituted human PRC2 is in fact a dimer, using multiple independent approaches including analytical size exclusion chromatography (SEC), SEC combined with multi-angle light scattering and co-immunoprecipitation of differentially tagged subunits. Even though it contains at least two RNA-binding subunits, each PRC2 dimer binds only one RNA molecule. Yet, multiple PRC2 dimers bind a single RNA molecule cooperatively. These observations suggest a model in which the first RNA binding event promotes the recruitment of multiple PRC2 complexes to chromatin, thereby nucleating repression.