bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Model Village? Nairobi Development and the Somali Question in Kenya, c. 1915–17
Authors: Whittaker Hannah 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Kenya has a problem with its urban ethnic Somali population. Those who reside in suburbs of Nairobi are assumed to have entered the country illegally from Somalia, or to have migrated from the large refugee camps located in Dadaab and Kakuma in the north of the country. As such many perceive the Somali to be temporarily encamped in the city. This is despite the fact that Somali claims in Nairobi can be traced back to the first establishment of the British East Africa Protectorate. By outlining the history of a proposed new model village for the Somali, and the ways in which urban Somalis negotiated early British development of the city, this article emphasizes the longevity of Somali claims for rights and recognition from the state. Even though the British perceived them as nomads and livestock traders, and therefore not part of the city’s future, they actively negotiated their resettlement. The article argues that this was not simply and expression of political demands, but also a manifestation of an urban aspiration that is also reflected in more recent Somali migration to urban areas.
Mamluk Historiography Outside of Egypt and Syria: ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī and his Histories of Medina
Authors: Munt Harry 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:This article is an investigation into the extant works on Medina’s history by the late Mamluk-era historian ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-Samhūdī (d. 911/1506), the most prolific pre-modern historian of that town. Although the study of Arabic historiography during the Mamluk period has progressed rapidly over recent years, most published research focuses on historical works composed in Egypt and Syria. By offering an analysis of al-Samhūdī’s various books on Medina’s history, this article will demonstrate how the study of historical works written in the Mamluk Ḥijāz has much to add to wider research into Mamluk historiography more broadly.
Hierarchical Supervisor and Agent Routing Algorithm in LEO/MEO Double-layered Optical Satellite Network
Authors: Li Yongjun , Zhao Shanghong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel routing algorithm (Hierarchical Supervisor and Agent Routing Algorithm, HSARA) for LEO/MEO (low earth orbit/medium earth orbit) double-layered optical satellite network is brought forward. The so-called supervisor (MEO satellite) is designed for failure recovery and network management. LEO satellites are grouped according to the virtual managed field of MEO which is different from coverage area of MEO satellite in RF satellite network. In each LEO group, one LEO satellite which has maximal persistent link with its supervisor is called the agent. A LEO group is updated when this optical inter-orbit links between agent LEO satellite and the corresponding MEO satellite supervisor cuts off. In this way, computations of topology changes and LEO group updating can be decreased. Expense of routing is integration of delay and wavelength utilization. HSARA algorithm simulations are implemented and the results are as follows: average network delay of HSARA can reduce 21 ms and 31.2 ms compared with traditional multilayered satellite routing and single-layer LEO satellite respectively; LEO/MEO double-layered optical satellite network can cover polar region which cannot be covered by single-layered LEO satellite and throughput is 1% more than that of single-layered LEO satellite averagely. Therefore, exact global coverage can be achieved with this double-layered optical satellite network.
Some remarks on lexicographic treatment of idioms
Authors: Włodarczyk-Stachurska Anna 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Phraseology is a domain of linguistic study which, to a certain extent, demonstrates the correlation between language and culture. At the same time, it is a source of information concerning the speakers’ world view. However, different phraseological units are used in different languages. Hence, when it comes to their understanding, it becomes particularly difficult to comprehend their meaning without the reference to their lexicographic description. The aim of this paper is to outline the treatment of selected idioms in several dictionaries in order to:
(i) identify how idioms are lexicographically presented,
(ii) find equivalence of some expressions of that kind in English/Polish,
(iii) investigate how the recorded parallels correspond with the functional view of idioms proposed by Dobrovol’skij (2000).
Cultural Influences in a multicultural academic workplace
Authors: Winch Junko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This study investigates if there are any cultural influences on language teaching staff in a multicultural British university language centre operating overseas. Language teaching staff who work at British universities in the UK usually involve only two cultures (British and their mother tongue culture). If non-native nationals are involved in two cultures, it is expected that they would conform to the host country’s culture. Language teaching staff in this study involve at least three cultures, that is, British, their mother tongue culture and the host country’s culture. In the case of the involvement of the three cultures, where do the majority of non-native nationals conform to in a multicultural workplace in the host country? Is it the institution’s country’s culture where they are based in their educational operation or the host country’s culture? This study looks at individual value orientation in decision-making and problem-solving. Discourse analysis of e-mails between 20/10/2013 and 20/01/2014 was used to focus on two main language staff (French and Japanese). The results showed that teaching staff in the multicultural workplace seemed to alter and replace their own value orientations on a mix and match basis, which may affect their preferred culture. It is also suggested that cultural acquisition could occur regardless of the establishment of one’s cultural preference.
The thousand and one tries: Storytelling as an art of failure in Rabih Alameddine’s Fiction
Authors: Tabačková Zuzana 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper discusses experimental fiction of Rabih Alameddine, an American writer of Lebanese origin, whose literary pursuits subvert Orientalist discourse based on the East/West dichotomy by focusing on the commonalities of the two. The recurring motif of searching for one’s identity (while being trapped in-between two mutually distant and at the same time similar worlds) is reflected in the subversion of the traditional understanding of the narrative which is destined to a constant failure. Alameddine’s storytelling is, in reality, a “story-trying.“ By employing multiple narrators, intertwining plots, genres and languages, the author is striving hard to tell “hisstory” about American homophobia, Lebanese sectarianism as well as the physical and psychological outcomes of war - a story which turns up to be a narration of the thousand and one failed beginnings.
Suffering wives: Miller’s Linda and Mahfouz’s Amina
Authors: Abouelmaaty Atef Abdallah 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The theme of suffering female characters has been the interest of both the drama and the novel of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Among those who are interested in the matter are the Noble Prize winners Arthur Miller and Naguib Mahfouz in Death of a Salesman (1949) and Palace Walk (1956). Both of Miller’s Linda and Mahfouz’s Amina have greatly suffered at the hands of their tyrannical husbands Willy Loman and Al- Sayyid Ahmad Abd-Elguaad respectively. The main aim of this paper is to study the sources, forms, and consequences of the sufferings of both Miller’s Linda and Mahfouz’s Amina, and to place their sufferings against the current beliefs of the age in which they lived. The reason behind choosing these two characters is that they look like each other in many ways. First, they are reliable, trusted wives and mothers who are dedicated to the welfare of their families. Second, they face the same inherently patriarchal cultures and suffer the same misogyny. Third, they are different from other tragic wives like Shakespeare's Desdemona, who are created to meet Aristotle's tragic requirements.
Queering gender in contemporary female Bildung narrative
Authors: Šnircová Soňa 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The paper explores, in the context of feminist discussions about the Bildungsroman, a contemporary British novel that offers shocking images of female coming of age at the turn of the millennium. Queering gender and introducing male elements into the heroine’s process of maturation, the analysed novel appears to raise questions about the continuous relevance of the feminist distinction between male and female version of the genre. The paper however argues that although significantly rewriting both female Bildung and pornographic narratives, Helen Walsh’s Brass can still be read as a variation of the female Bildungsroman and an example of its contemporary developments.
On the Modal μ-Calculus Over Finite Symmetric Graphs
Authors: D’Agostino Giovanna , Lenzi Giacomo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this paper we consider the alternation hierarchy of the modal μ-calculus over finite symmetric graphs and show that in this class the hierarchy is infinite. The μ-calculus over the symmetric class does not enjoy the finite model property, hence this result is not a trivial consequence of the strictness of the hierarchy over symmetric graphs. We also find a lower bound and an upper bound for the satisfiability problem of the μ-calculus over finite symmetric graphs.
Some Notes on Elimination Properties for The Theory of Riesz MV-Chains
Authors: Marchioni Enrico 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Riesz MV-algebras are a variety of algebras strongly connected to Riesz spaces. In this short article we investigate some elimination properties of the first-order theory RMV of linearly ordered Riesz MV-algebras and show that RMV admits elimination of quantifiers and uniform elimination of imaginary elements. In the process, we also prove several other results such as modelcompleteness, o-minimality, definability of Skolem functions, and a version of the Di Nola Representation Theorem for Riesz MV-algebras.
Possibilistic and Probabilistic Logic under Coherence: Default Reasoning and System P
Authors: Coletti Giulianella , Scozzafava Romano , Vantaggi Barbara 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Some results on coherence in probabilistic and in possibilistic frameworks are presented in order to deal with nonmonotonic reasoning. Moreover, we extend these results to conditional decomposable measures. We deal with entailment and prove that it satisfies the axiomatization of System P by referring to conditional necessities or to specific conditional decomposable measures (which include conditional probability). Finally, we study some aspects concerning a notion of irrelevance.
Functional Many-Valued Relations
Authors: Della Stella M. E. , Guido C. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Many-valued binary relations are considered, taking values in a complete lattice, possibly equipped with additional operations that characterize extended-order algebras. The functionality of such relations is defined, by means of properties such as univocality and totality, from three different perspectives, namely from the viewpoint of α-cuts, of composition and of powerset operators, respectively.
Functional many-valued relations are generalizations of functions and special care is devoted to characterize those which are actually functions. Relationships between the involved concepts are discussed with several results and examples.
Fluctuation conductivity in two-band superconductor SmFeAsO0.8F0.2
Authors: Askerzade I.N. , Tagiyeva Askerbeyli R. T. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this study we have calculated the fluctuation conductivity near critical temperature of SmFeAsO0.8F0.2 superconductor using two-band Ginzburg-Landau theory. It was illustrated that in the absence of external magnetic field, the two-band model reduced to a single effective band theory with modified temperature dependences. The calculations revealed three-dimensional character of fluctuations of conductivity in the new Fe-based superconductor SmFeAsO0.8F0.2. It has been shown that such a model is in good agreement with experimental data for this compound.
Temperature dependence of stress in CVD diamond films studied by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Dychalska Anna , Fabisiak Kazimierz , Paprocki Kazimierz , Dudkowiak Alina , Szybowicz Mirosław 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Evolution of residual stress and its components with increasing temperature in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) diamond films has a crucial impact on their high temperature applications. In this work we investigated temperature dependence of stress in CVD diamond film deposited on Si(100) substrate in the temperature range of 30 °C to 480 °C by Raman mapping measurement. Raman shift of the characteristic diamond band peaked at 1332 cm-1 was studied to evaluate the residual stress distribution at the diamond surface. A new approach was applied to calculate thermal stress evolution with increasing tempera­ture by using two commonly known equations. Comparison of the residts obtained from the two methods was presented. The intrinsic stress component was calculated from the difference between average values of residual and thermal stress and then its temperature dependence was discussed.
Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical separation and purification
Authors: Yildiz Ibrahim 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn recent years, nanoparticle formulations utilizing magnetic materials have started gaining more consideration in the biomedical arena due to their inherent superparamagnetic/paramagnetic nature paving ways to develop assays and sensors benefitting mostly magnetic separation technique. Coupled with the developments in the synthetic field in obtaining controlled-sized particles and surface functionalities, a variety of sensitive and selective assays have been developed ranging from detection/separation/enrichment of antibodies, enzymes, proteins, and nucleic acids to whole cells, virus, and pathogens utilizing a variety of signal transduction mechanisms including fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, and magnetic resonance. In addition to ongoing research in this field, there are already commercialized products engineered to detect and quantify biomolecules with proper surface formulations. Owing to the immensity of applications of magnetic particles, in this article, recent trends in the design and applications of iron oxide nanoparticles will be reviewed.
Popular Religion in the Periphery. Church Attendance in 17th Century Eastern Finland
Authors: Kuha Miia 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
On the fringes of post-Reformation Europe, church and state authorities faced problems in enforcing church attendance. In the Swedish kingdom, religious uniformity was seen as vital for the success of the state after the Lutheran confession had been established, and absences from church were punishable by law. The seventeenth century saw significant tightening of legislation relating to church absences and other breaches of the Sabbath, and severe punishments were introduced. Despite considerable deterrents, it was sometimes difficult to control local inhabitants: absence cases were regularly brought before the local courts in Eastern Finland, where authorities were hampered by a combination of geographical distance and a highly mobile population. In this article, popular church-going practices are studied with an approach inspired by historical anthropology. In popular practice church attendance was required only on the most important holy days of the year, whereas on Sundays and prayer days, work or leisure were considered socially acceptable pursuits. Explanations of nonattendance should not only make reference to trying conditions: in certain situations people would travel long distances to church, despite the obvious difficulties they faced. Popular religious traditions and old conceptions of sacred time also affected behaviour among peasants. The great holy days of the year formed a ritual cycle, the aim of which was the maintenance of good relations with the supernatural. For the success of oneself and one’s household, it was more important to follow the norms of popular culture than the orders of the authorities.
Limits of Power. Clerical Appointment as Part of Domestic Policy in Sweden after the Reformation, 1560–1611
Authors: Hiljanen Mikko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article examines state-church relations in Sweden by analysing clerical appointment processes in the latter part of the 16th century. The aim is to ascertain whether the king of Sweden could appoint pastors independently, and if not, with whom he was compelled to share the power. Earlier studies argue that the power of the king grew due to the reformation. First, this article examines the number of clerical appointments that were made in the period 1560-1611. The results reveal a remarkable annual variation in the number of clerical appointments. Second, the timing and share of clerical appointments made by the king are studied. The number of appointments made by the king is viewed against the total number of clerical appointments so as to reveal the importance of appointments made by the crown. Third, the article examines the proportion of appointments made by other authorities. The results suggest that the crown’s role in clerical appointment processes varied, but more interestingly, it was not as ubiquitous as earlier researchers suggest. Thus article concludes that crown’s power over the church in 16th century Sweden was not as vast as it has previously been claimed.
Numerical Analysis of Consolidation Settlement and Creep Deformation of Artificial Island Revetment Structure in a Large-Scale Marine Reclamation Land Project
Authors: Jie Zhao , Tongling Zhou , Gui-xuan Wang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In order to analyze the influential factors of soft foundation settlement in a marine reclamation land project, the consolidation settlement and pore pressure dissipation of the entire area are numerically simulated using Soft-Soil- Creep Model, in which the PLAXIS finite element software for professional geotechnical engineering is applied and empirical data of Japanese Kansai’s airport project are used. Moreover, the figures of settlement and pore pressure results in the different basic period are drawn, and the corresponding analysis conclusions are ob-tained based on the comparison among the results from the computational parameters of depth. In addition,, the influence rules of various parameters on settlement results is concluded through running the parameter sensitivity analysis in Soft-Soil-Creep Model, and the experience and conclusions can be for reference in the design and con-struction of similar large-scale marine reclamation land project. Also the empirical value method of the creep index has not been applied widely. Further research needs to be done.
Dynamic Strength and Accumulated Plastic Strain Development Laws and Models of the Remolded Red Clay under Long-Term Cyclic Loads: Laboratory Test Results
Authors: Li Jian , Chen Shanxiong , Jiang Lingfa 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The dynamic strength and accumulated plastic strain are two important parameters for evaluating the dynamic response of soil. As a special clay, the remolded red clay is often used as the high speed railway subgrade filling, but studies on its dynamic characteristics are few. For a thorough analysis of the suitability of the remolded red clay as the subgrade filling, a series of long-term cyclic load triaxial test under different load histories are carried out. Considering the influence of compactness, confining pressure, consolidation ratio, vibration frequency and dynamic load to the remolded red clay dynamic property, the tests obtain the development curves of the dynamic strength and accumulated plastic strain under different test conditions. Then, through curve fitting method, two different hyperbolic models respectively for the dynamic strength and accumulated plastic strain are built, which can match the test datum well. By applying the dynamic strength model, the critical dynamic strength of the remolded red clay are gained. Meanwhile, for providing basic datum and reference for relevant projects, all key parameters for the dynamic strength and accumulated plastic strain of the remolded red clay are given in the paper.
Establishment of Motion Model for Wave Capture Buoy and Research on Hydrodynamic Performance of Floating-Type Wave Energy Converter
Authors: Gao Hongtao , Li Biao 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Floating-type wave energy converter has the advantages of high wave energy conversion efficiency, strong shock resistance ability in rough sea and stable output power. So it is regarded as a promising energy utilization facility. The research on hydrodynamic performance of wave capture buoys is the precondition and key to the wave energy device design and optimization. A simplified motion model of the buoys in the waves is established. Based on linear wave theory, the equations of motion of buoys are derived according to Newton’s second law. The factors of wave and buoys structural parameters on wave energy absorption efficiency are discussed in the China’s Bohai Sea with short wave period and small wave height. The results show that the main factor which affects the dynamic responses of wave capture buoys is the proximity of the natural frequency of buoys to the wave period. And the incoming wave power takes a backseat role to it at constant wave height. The buoys structural parameters such as length, radius and immersed depth, influence the wave energy absorption efficiency, which play significant factors in device design. The effectiveness of this model is validated by the sea tests with small-sized wave energy devices. The establishment methods of motion model and analysis results are expected to be helpful for designing and manufacturing of floating-type wave energy converter.
Construction Method of the Topographical Features Model for Underwater Terrain Navigation
Authors: Wang Lihui , Yu Le , Zhu Yanhua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Terrain database is the reference basic for autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to implement underwater terrain navigation (UTN) functions, and is the important part of building topographical features model for UTN. To investigate the feasibility and correlation of a variety of terrain parameters as terrain navigation information metrics, this paper described and analyzed the underwater terrain features and topography parameters calculation method. Proposing a comprehensive evaluation method for terrain navigation information, and constructing an underwater navigation information analysis model, which is associated with topographic features. Simulation results show that the underwater terrain features, are associated with UTN information directly or indirectly, also affect the terrain matching capture probability and the positioning accuracy directly.