bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and Turkish consensus report
Authors: Çetinel Bülent , Tarcan Tufan , Demirkesen Oktay , Özyurt Ceyhun , Şen İlker , Erdoğan Sarper , Siva Aksel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsSince lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) related to multiple sclerosis (MS) has a different behavior pattern than other types of neurogenic voiding dysfunction, we aimed to prepare a national consensus report for the management of LUTD due to multiple sclerosis in light of available literature.MethodsA search of available databases yielded an evidence base of 125 articles after the application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. When sufficient evidence existed, recommendations A (high), B (moderate), or C (low) were made according to the strength of evidence; recommendation D was provided when insufficient evidence existed.ResultsAvailable data did not support the use of invasive urodynamics in the initial evaluation of patients with MS and LUTD. Clinical studies on the safety and efficacy of antimuscarinics and alpha‐blockers in these patients were scarce and low quality. Desmopressin could be used in MS‐related overactive bladder symptoms owing to its short‐term effects as an adjunctive treatment. Intravesical botulinum toxin type A treatment in patients with MS and detrusor overactivity was recommended in cases of medical treatment failure or severe side effects due to antimuscarinics. Pelvic floor rehabilitation together with neuromuscular electrical stimulation was also recommended as it increased symptomatic treatment success. This systematic review was not able to find any evidence‐based cut off post‐void residual value for the recommendation to start clean intermittent catheterization in MS‐related LUTD.ConclusionsPatients with MS and LUTD could be best managed through the use of this consensus report. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32:1047–1057, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnostic power of the noninvasive condom catheter method in patients eligible for transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: van Mastrigt Ron , de Zeeuw Sandra , Boevé Egbert R. , Groen Jan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the non‐invasive condom catheter method for diagnosing B(ladder) O(utlet) O(bstruction) in patients eligible for T(rans)U(rethral) R(esection) of the P(rostate).MethodsA group of 71 patients eligible for TURP on clinical grounds were invasively and non‐invasively studied. On the basis of invasive pressure‐flow studies they were stratified into obstructed, equivocal or unobstructed, according to the International Continence Society standard. Subsequently they were diagnosed non‐invasively on the basis of a free flowrate measurement, or on the basis of the free flowrate measurement plus the isovolumetric bladder pressure measured with the condom catheter method. R(eceiver) O(perating) C(haracteristic)s were calculated.ResultsThe A(rea) U(nder) the (RO)C for discriminating unobstructed/equivocal patients from obstructed patients was 0.68 in our population. This improved to 0.84 for the 50 patients in whom the isovolumetric bladder pressure was not underestimated by the non‐invasive method.ConclusionsIn our population of TURP patients, the low flowrates affected the accuracy of the condom method to a degree that it did not perform better than a free flowrate measurement, which performed remarkably well. By excluding measurements in which the condom pressure underestimated the isovolumetric bladder pressure this method may contribute to a more accurate, patient friendly diagnosis of BOO in these patients. In the present study this exclusion was done by comparison with an invasive pressure measurement. A practical non‐invasive test would necessitate a non‐invasive exclusion criterion, which might be based on the risetime of the condom pressure. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:408–413, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐ and postoperative evaluation of pelvic floor muscle function in POP patients using surface electromyography and digital palpation
Authors: Chen Xinliang , Gong Yao , Wu Dan , Li Xiaocui , Li Huaifang , Tong Xiaowen , Cheng Weiwei 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAimsThe study aims to evaluate the pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function in patients with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) pre‐ and postoperatively using digital palpation and surface electromyography.MethodsIn this non‐randomized prospective study, two groups of patients were recruited for assessment. The surgical group included 74 POP patients receiving the modified pelvic reconstructive surgery and the control group consisted of 30 non‐POP patients. One physiotherapist conducted the digital palpation and SEMG evaluation. The scale of PFM strength, the duration and voltage of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) as well as numbers and voltage of short, fast contractions (SFC) by SEMG were documented and compared in both groups. For statistical analysis, t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were used with a significant level 0.05.ResultsA total of 68 POP patients finished the two follow‐ups. Sixty‐four patients were objectively cured with a 94.1% cure rate. Mesh erosions happened in three patients (4.8%). By digital palpation, the PFM strength increased significantly in POP patients after surgery but still lower than non‐POP patients (P < 0.001). By SEMG, the electrical activity of PFM increased significantly in the surgical group postoperatively (P 0.001).ConclusionThe PFM function was improved 3 months after the modified pelvic reconstructive surgery in POP patients based on digital palpation and SEMG. The evaluation of PFM function should be included in the overall assessment of pelvic reconstructive surgeries. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:403–407, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
δ13C and δ15N Variability in Modern Guanaco (Lama guanicoe) Assemblages in Southern Patagonia: Implications for Zooarchaeological Studies
Authors: Tessone A. , Rindel D. , Belardi J. B. , Panarello H. O. , Goñi R. A. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe study the isotopic variability of modern social groups of guanacos (Lama guanicoe) and discuss the implications of these results for the analysis of archaeofaunas from archaeological sites of Patagonia. The aim of this work is to evaluate whether the study of the isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen from collagen (δ13C and δ15N) is a methodology that allows the discussion of hunting strategies – individual versus mass – carried out by human populations in this particular case of the guanaco from southern Patagonia. Samples come from five modern assemblages of guanacos located in the west margin of the Cardiel Lake and are the result of a catastrophic mortality episode produced by winter stress. The isotopic variability of these samples is compared with that of a mesoregional attritional assemblage built from multiple sites and chronologies. The results indicate, in the first place, that there is no differentiation between males and females, second, that the offspring show no increase of signals when compared to the other age categories and finally, juveniles recorded the lowest δ15N values. In relation to the main purpose of this research, measurements of variability from modern assemblages and the attritional groups have been compared. The three assemblages with lower variability are modern ones. However, the two remaining modern assemblages record a variability higher than or equal to the attritional groups. Thus, for southern Patagonian guanacos, the hypothesis that proposes that the isotopic variability of a herd would be lower than the one obtained from multiple populations and different hunting events is rejected. Finally, we analyze the possible causes for these results together with situations in which δ13C and δ15N can be used in the study of the guanaco hunting strategies in southern Patagonia. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food reinforcement partially mediates the effect of socioeconomic status on body mass index
Authors: Lin Henry , Carr Katelyn A. , Fletcher Kelly D. , Epstein Leonard H. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveLow socioeconomic status (low SES), as defined by income or educational attainment, has been associated with obesity in industrialized nations. Low SES persons have limited resources and may experience food insecurity that increases food reinforcement. Food reinforcement has been positively related to energy intake and weight status, and increased food reinforcement may explain the higher prevalence of obesity among low SES individuals who have restricted access to low‐energy‐dense foods and nonfood reinforcers.Design and MethodsAnnual household income, highest education level completed and food reinforcement in 166 adults of varying body mass index (BMI, kg m−2) was measured.ResultsMultivariate linear regression analyses controlling for age, sex, minority status, session hunger, and the reinforcing value of nonfood alternatives showed that household income was related to food reinforcement (P = 0.048) and BMI (P = 0.019), and that food reinforcement was related to BMI (P = 0.0017). Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of household income on BMI through food reinforcement, suggesting that the relationship between lower household income and greater BMI was mediated in part by increased food reinforcement. A similar pattern of results was observed when education level was used as the proxy for SES.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that deprivation and restricted food choice associated with low SES enhance food reinforcement, increasing the risk for obesity.
Activation of adipose tissue macrophages in obese mice does not require lymphocytes
Authors: Behan James W. , Ehsanipour Ehsan A. , Sheng Xia , Pramanik Rocky , Wang Xingchao , Hsieh Yao‐Te , Kim Yong‐Mi , Mittelman Steven D. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveMacrophages which infiltrate adipose tissue and secrete proinflammatory cytokines may be responsible for obesity‐induced insulin resistance. However, the reason why macrophages migrate into adipose tissue and become activated remains unknown though some studies suggest that this may be regulated by T and B lymphocytes. In this study, it has been tested whether T and B lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells were necessary for the obesity‐induced activation of macrophages in adipose tissue.Design and MethodsNOD/SCID/IL2‐receptor gamma‐chain knockout (NSG) mice, which lack mature T and B lymphocytes and NK cells, were made obese by selectively reducing litters and weaning onto a high‐fat diet. Mice were then maintained on the diet for 10–11 weeks.ResultsAdipose tissue from obese NSG mice had more activated macrophages than nonobese mice. These macrophages were found in “crown‐like structures” surrounding adipocytes, and expressed higher levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α. However, obesity did not impair glucose tolerance in the NSG mice.ConclusionsThese studies demonstrated that T and B lymphocytes and NK cells are not necessary for adipose tissue macrophage activation in obese mice. T and B lymphocytes and/or NK cells may be necessary for the development of obesity‐induced impaired glucose tolerance.
Male adiposity impairs clinical pregnancy rate by in vitro fertilization without affecting day 3 embryo quality
Authors: Merhi Zaher O. , Keltz Julia , Zapantis Athena , Younger Joshua , Berger Dara , Lieman Harry J. , Jindal Sangita K. , Polotsky Alex J. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveMale adiposity is detrimental for achieving clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) following assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The hypothesis that the association of male adiposity with decreased success following ART is mediated by worse embryo quality was tested.Design and MethodsRetrospective study including 344 infertile couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles was performed. Cycle determinants included number of oocytes retrieved, zygote PN‐score, total number of embryos available on day 3, number of embryos transferred, composite day 3 grade for transferred embryos, composite day 3 grade per cycle, and CPR.ResultsCouples with male body mass index (BMI) over 25 kg m−2 (overweight and obese) exhibited significantly lower CPR compared to their normal weight counterparts (46.7% vs. 32.0% respectively, P = 0.02). No significant difference was observed for any embryo quality metrics when analyzed by male BMI: mean zygote PN‐scores, mean composite day 3 grades for transferred embryos or composite day 3 grades per cycle. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for female age, female BMI, number of embryos transferred and sperm concentration, male BMI over 25 kg m−2 was associated with a lower chance for CPR after IVF (OR = 0.17 [95% CI: 0.04‐0.65]; P = 0.01) but not after ICSI cycles (OR = 0.88 [95% CI: 0.41‐1.88]; P = 0.75). In this cohort, male adiposity was associated with decreased CPR following IVF but embryo quality was not affected.ConclusionsEmbryo grading based on conventional morphologic criteria does not explain the poorer clinical pregnancy outcomes seen in couples with overweight or obese male partner.
Steric effects and mechanism in the formation of hemi‐acetals from aliphatic aldehydes
Authors: Daw Graham , Regan Andrew C. , Watt C. Ian F. , Wood Evan 
Published: June 2013

Some physical properties (pKa, log POW, boiling points) of hexanoic acid 1 (X = COOH) and its seven isomers 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (X = COOH) are reported.Hexanal 1 (X = CHO) and its seven isomeric aldehydes 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (X = CHO) are shown to equilibrate, in methanol solution, with their hemi‐acetals. Logarithms of equilibrium constants correlate with values of Es for the isomeric C5H11 substituents, and with logs of relative rates for saponification of the corresponding methyl esters with ρ = 0.52, reflecting the reduced steric demand of hydrogen compared to oxygen in the quaternization of ester and aldehydic carbonyl groups. Rates of equilibration have also been measured in buffered methanol. For hexanal, with a 2:1 Et3N:AcOH buffer, the buffer‐independent contribution is dominated by the methoxide catalysed pathway. Rates in this medium have been determined for isomers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (X = CHO), and their logarithms do not correlate with logarithms of equilibrium constants for hemi‐acetal formation or with substituent steric parameters derived from ester formation or saponification, indicating that the steric changes associated with full quaternization of the carbonyl group are not mirrored in the transition structures for hemi‐acetal formation. It is suggested that transition states for hemi‐acetal formation are relatively early so that steric interactions are effectively those between the nucleophile and ground state conformations of the aldehydes. A comparison of the entropies of hemi‐acetal formation with entropies of activation has provided a basis for a suggested transition structure. Comparisons with acid chloride hydrolyses are made. © 2013 The Authors. Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Phosgene‐free synthesis of polypeptides: Useful synthesis for hydrophobic polypeptides through polycondensation of activated urethane derivatives of α‐amino acids
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Koga Koichi , Sudo Atsushi , Goto Mitsuaki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe report a useful synthetic method of polypeptides using a series of urethane derivative of α‐amino acids (l‐leucine, l‐phenylalanine, l‐valine, l‐alanine, l‐isoleucine, l‐methionine), which are readily synthesized by N‐carbamoylation of tetrabutylammonium salts of α‐amino acids with diphenyl carbonate. Heating these urethane derivatives in N,N‐dimethylacetamide in the presence of n‐butylamine successfully gave the corresponding polypeptides with well‐defined structures through polycondensation with the elimination of phenol and CO2. The matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry investigation showed that the resulting polypeptides had an n‐BuNH2‐incorporated initiating end and an amino group at propagating end. These results strongly indicated that primary amines served as an initiator in this polycondensation system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3726–3731
Detection and molecular characterisation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae isolates resistant to methyl benzimidazole carbamates
Authors: Carter Helen E , Cools Hans J , West Jonathan S , Shaw Michael W , Fraaije Bart A 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyl benzimidazole carbamate (MBC) fungicides are used to control the oilseed rape pathogen Pyrenopeziza brassicae. Resistance to MBCs has been reported in P. brassicae, but the molecular mechanism(s) associated with reductions in sensitivity have not been verified in this species. Elucidation of the genetic changes responsible for resistance, hypothesised to be target‐site mutations in β‐tubulin, will enable resistance diagnostics and thereby inform resistance management strategies.RESULTSP. brassicae isolates were classified as sensitive, moderately resistant or resistant to MBCs. Crossing P. brassicae isolates of different MBC sensitivities indicated that resistance was conferred by a single gene. The MBC‐target encoding gene β‐tubulin was cloned and sequenced. Reduced MBC sensitivity of field isolates correlated with β‐tubulin amino acid substitutions L240F and E198A. The highest level of MBC resistance was measured for isolates carrying E198A. Negative cross‐resistance between MBCs and the fungicides diethofencarb and zoxamide was only measured in E198A isolates. PCR‐RFLP was used to screen isolates for the presence of L240F and E198A. The substitutions E198G and F200Y were also detected in DNA samples from P. brassicae populations after cloning and sequencing of PCR products. The frequencies of L240F and E198A in different P. brassicae populations were quantified by pyrosequencing. There were no differences in the frequencies of these alleles between P. brassicae populations sampled from different locations or after fungicide treatment regimes.CONCLUSIONSThe molecular mechanisms affecting sensitivity to MBCs in P. brassicae have been identified. Pyrosequencing assays are a powerful tool for quantifying fungicide‐resistant alleles in pathogen populations. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Gaseous byproducts from high‐temperature thermal conversion elemental analysis of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐bearing compounds with considerations for δ2H and δ18O analyses
Authors: Hunsinger Glendon B. , Tipple Christopher A. , Stern Libby A. 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEHigh‐temperature, conversion‐reduction (HTC) systems convert hydrogen and oxygen in materials into H2 and CO for δ2H and δ18O measurements by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. HTC of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐bearing materials produces unintended byproduct gases that could affect isotope analyses by: (1) allowing isotope exchange reactions downstream of the HTC reactor, (2) creating isobaric or co‐elution interferences, and (3) causing deterioration of the chromatography. This study characterizes these HTC byproducts.METHODSA HTC system (ThermoFinnigan TC/EA) was directly connected to a gas chromatograph/quadrupole mass spectrometer in scan mode (m/z 8 to 88) to identify the volatile products generated by HTC at conversion temperatures of 1350 °C and 1450 °C for a range of nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐bearing solids [keratin powder, horse hair, caffeine, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, and three nitrated organic explosives (PETN, RDX, and TNT)].RESULTSThe prominent HTC byproduct gases include carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, methane, acetylene, and water for all nitrogen‐bearing compounds, as well as carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide for sulfur‐bearing compounds. The 1450 °C reactor temperature reduced the abundance of most byproduct gases, but increased the significant byproduct, hydrogen cyanide. Inclusion of a post‐reactor chemical trap containing Ascarite II and Sicapent, in series, eliminated the majority of byproducts.CONCLUSIONSThis study identified numerous gaseous HTC byproducts. The potential adverse effects of these gases on isotope ratio analyses are unknown but may be mitigated by higher HTC reactor temperatures and purifying the products with a purge‐and‐trap system or with chemical traps. Published in 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Ultraviolet laser‐induced cross‐linking in peptides
Authors: Leo Gabriella , Altucci Carlo , Bourgoin‐Voillard Sandrine , Gravagnuolo Alfredo M. , Esposito Rosario , Marino Gennaro , Costello Catherine E. , Velotta Raffaele , Birolo Leila 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEThe aim of this study was to demonstrate, and to characterize by high‐resolution mass spectrometry that it is possible to preferentially induce covalent cross‐links in peptides by using high‐energy femtosecond ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses. The cross‐link is readily formed only when aromatic amino acids are present in the peptide sequence.METHODSThree peptides, xenopsin, angiotensin I, and interleukin, individually or in combination, were exposed to high‐energy femtosecond UV laser pulses, either alone or in the presence of spin trapping molecules, the reaction products being characterized by high resolution mass spectrometry.RESULTSHigh‐resolution mass spectrometry and spin trapping strategies showed that cross‐linking occurs readily, proceeds via a radical mechanism, and is the highly dominant reaction, proceeding without causing significant photo‐damage in the investigated range of experimental parameters.CONCLUSIONSHigh‐energy femtosecond UV laser pulses can be used to induce covalent cross‐links between aromatic amino acids in peptides, overcoming photo‐oxidation processes, that predominate as the mean laser pulse intensity approaches illumination conditions achievable with conventional UV light sources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laser ablation synthesis of new gold tellurides using tellurium and nanogold as precursors. Laser desorption ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Švihlová Katarína , Prokeš Lubomír , Skácelová Dana , Peña‐Méndez Eladia María , Havel Josef 
Published: June 2013

RATIONALEOnly a few gold tellurides are known. However, Laser Ablation Synthesis (LAS) using Laser Desorption Ionisation (LDI) time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has high potential for the generation of new compounds.METHODSLDI of nanogold‐Te conjugate using a nitrogen laser 337 nm was applied while the mass spectra were recorded in positive and negative ion modes using a quadrupole ion trap‐TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a reflectron. Diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge was applied for the plasma treatment of glass and silicon surfaces.RESULTSA form of nanogold‐Te conjugate was prepared and found suitable for LAS of gold tellurides. Several new AumTen (m = 1–11; n = 1–4) clusters were identified. An excess of nanogold and chloride or an excess of auric acid caused the formation of mixed AumTenClx clusters. The nanogold‐Te conjugate can be deposited from an aqueous suspension onto glass while the deposition is strongly enhanced if the surface is modified by plasma.CONCLUSIONSLDI of nanogold‐Te conjugate is a suitable procedure for the generation of new gold telluride clusters. Treatment of borosilicate glass with a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge strongly enhances the deposition of gold tellurides on glass while limited adsorption on a silicon surface was observed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.