bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review and critical appraisal of qualitative metasynthetic practice in public health to develop a taxonomy of operations of reciprocal translation
Authors: Melendez‐Torres G. J. , Grant Sean , Bonell Chris 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionReciprocal translation, the understanding of one study's findings in terms of another's, is the foundation of most qualitative metasynthetic methods. In light of the proliferation of metasynthesis methods, the current review sought to create a taxonomy of operations of reciprocal translation using recently published qualitative metasyntheses.MethodsOn 19 August 2013, MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were searched. Included articles were full reports of metasyntheses of qualitative studies published in 2012 in English‐language peer‐reviewed journals. Two reviewers, working independently, screened records, assessed full texts for inclusion and extracted data on methods from each included metasynthesis. Systematic review methods used were summarised, and metasynthetic methods were inductively analysed to develop the taxonomy.ResultsOf 61 included metasyntheses, 21 (34%) reported fully replicable search strategies and 51 (84%) critically appraised included studies. Based on methods in these metasyntheses, we developed a taxonomy of reciprocal translation with four overlapping categories: visual representation; key paper integration; data reduction and thematic extraction; and line‐by‐line coding.DiscussionThis systematic review presents an update on methods and reporting currently used in qualitative metasynthesis. It also goes beyond the proliferation of approaches to offer a parsimonious approach to understanding how reciprocal translations are accomplished across metasynthetis methods. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring the sensory quality of canned white asparagus through cluster analysis
Authors: Arana Inés , Ibañez Francisco C , Torre Paloma 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDWhite asparagus is one of the 30 vegetables most consumed in the world. This paper unifies the stages of their sensory quality control. The aims of this work were to describe the sensory properties of canned white asparagus and their quality control and to evaluate the applicability of agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) for classifying and monitoring the sensory quality of manufacturers.RESULTSSixteen sensory descriptors and their evaluation technique were defined. The sensory profile of canned white asparagus was high flavor characteristic, little acidity and bitterness, medium firmness and very light fibrosity, among other characteristics. The dendrogram established groups of manufacturers that had similar scores in the same set of descriptors, and each cluster grouped the manufacturers that had a similar quality profile.CONCLUSIONThe sensory profile of canned white asparagus was clearly defined through the intensity evaluation of 16 descriptors, and the sensory quality report provided to the manufacturers is in detail and of easy interpretation.AHCgrouped the manufacturers according to the highest quality scores in certain descriptors and is a useful tool because it is very visual. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Resource supply alone explains the variability of marine phytoplankton size structure
Authors: Marañón Emilio , Cermeño Pedro , Latasa Mikel , Tadonléké Rémy D. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDue to the covariation between temperature and resource availability in the surface ocean, a correct assessment of resource supply is crucial to determine if temperature has a direct effect on phytoplankton size structure. To remove the effect of resources, López‐Urrutia and Morán analyzed data subsets with narrow ranges of variation in Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration and found that temperature is correlated with Chl a partitioning among size classes, from which they concluded that temperature is an important variable to explain the variability of phytoplankton size structure. Our analysis, however, shows that resource supply varies widely also within these subsets and, importantly, that it is inversely correlated with temperature. Therefore, the relationship between temperature and size structure reflects instead the effect of resources. When groups of samples with similar resource supply conditions are considered, no correlation between temperature and phytoplankton size structure is observed, which invalidates the conclusion of López‐Urrutia and Morán. Even within restricted ranges of variation for phytoplankton biomass and production, changes in resource supply alone are sufficient to explain the variability of phytoplankton size structure in the sea.
Predicting effects of ocean warming, acidification, and water quality onChesapeake region eelgrass
Authors: Zimmerman Richard C. , Hill Victoria J. , Gallegos Charles L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough environmental requirements of seagrasses have been studied for years, reliable metrics for predicting their response to current or future conditions remain elusive. Eelgrass (Zostera marinaL.) populations of the Chesapeake region lie near the southern limit of their range in the Western North Atlantic, exposing them to increasing thermal stress as the climate warms. However, CO2stimulated photosynthesis may offset some of the negative effects of temperature stress. The combined effects of temperature, CO2, and light availability controlled by water quality and epiphytes were explored usingGrassLight, a bio‐optical model that provided a predictive environment for evaluating the interaction of multiple stressors on eelgrass distribution and density across the submarine landscape. Model predictions were validated against in situ measures of spectral diffuse attenuation, eelgrass density, and distribution. The potential for photosynthesis stimulated by ocean acidification to mitigate the effects of high temperature on eelgrass populations growing near the southern limit of their distribution was explored. The model accurately reproduced the submarine light environment from measured water quality parameters, and predicted their impacts on eelgrass distribution. It also reproduced the negative effects of warm summer temperatures on eelgrass distributions, and demonstrated that CO2increases projected for the next century should stimulate photosynthesis sufficiently to offset the negative effects of thermal stress on eelgrass growing in the Chesapeake region, even in the presence of epiphytes. Thus, improved water quality should facilitate the survival of eelgrass populations in Chesapeake region, even in the face of a warming climate.
Length‐scale dependence of horizontal dispersion in the surface water of lakes
Authors: Peeters Frank , Hofmann Hilmar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHorizontal dispersion in the surface waters of a medium‐sized lake was investigated based on four experiments with ensembles of 14 to 17 drifters deployed in Lake Constance during the winter season. The experiments cover length scales between ∼30 and ∼3000 m which are typical for the grid length scales employed in 3‐D models. Horizontal dispersion coefficients Kdisp were estimated to range from ∼0.01 to ∼0.03 m2 s−1 at 100 m and from ∼0.1 to ∼0.7 m2 s−1 at 1000 m length scale L of the drifter distributions. In all experiments Kdisp increased with L and in three of the four experiments this increase was about linear in L. However, although a linear increase of Kdisp with L is consistent with dispersion by shear diffusion in flow fields with constant current shear, numerical modelling of the paths of the drifters, and the resulting spreading of the drifter ensembles indicates that horizontal shear diffusion is not sufficient to explain the increase of Kdisp with L. The model results suggest that not shear diffusion due to large‐scale shear across the entire drifter distribution, but scale‐dependent turbulent diffusion is dominating the scale‐dependence of Kdisp at length scales between 100 and 1000 m. According to the model results, effects due to horizontal shear contribute less than 40% to the overall dispersion coefficient at length scales between 100 and 1000 m. However, horizontal shear is required to explain shape and orientation of the drifter distributions.
Diffusion‐driven continuous‐wave‐pumped organic dye lasers
Authors: Coles David M. , Trichet Aurélien A. P. , Dolan Philip R. , Taylor Robert A. , Vallance Claire , Smith Jason M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report on the realisation of ultra‐small‐mode‐volume tunable dye lasers based on hemispherical open microcavities. The cavity mode volume is of the order of cubic micrometers, such that self‐diffusion of the dye molecules allows continuous wave operation over several minutes without the need for driven circulation. Such micro lasers could be integrated into lab‐on‐a‐chip devices. A rate‐equation model that incorporates the diffusion mechanism is used to predict the effect of the microcavity parameters on the lasing threshold.
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Numerical solution of a class of two‐dimensional quadratic optimal control problems by using Ritz method
Authors: Mamehrashi Kamal , Yousefi Sohrab Ali 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we focus on a class of a two‐dimensional optimal control problem with quadratic performance index (cost function). We are going to solve the problem via the Ritz method. The method is based upon the Legendre polynomial basis. The key point of the Ritz method is that it provides greater flexibility in the initial and non‐local boundary conditions. By using this method, the given two‐dimensional continuous‐time quadratic optimal control problem is reduced to the problem of solving a system of algebraic equations. We extensively discuss the convergence of the method and finally present our numerical findings and demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the numerical scheme by considering three examples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and evaluation of new phosphonic acid‐functionalized acrylamides with potential biomedical applications
Authors: Bingol H. Betul , Altin Ayse , Bal Tugba , Agopcan‐Cinar Sesil , Kizilel Seda , Avci Duygu 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPhosphorus‐containing acidic monomers are able to interact with the inorganic phase of mineralized tissues such as enamel, dentin, and bone. From this perspective, three phosphonic acid‐containing acrylamide monomers with different lengths of alkyl chains were synthesized to be used for both self‐etching dental adhesives and mineralized hydrogel scaffolds. Monomers were synthesized by the reaction of α‐aminophosphonates (diethyl aminomethylphosphonate, diethyl 2‐aminobutan‐2‐ylphosphonate, and diethyl 2‐aminooctan‐2‐ylphosphonate) with acryloyl chloride followed by the hydrolysis of phosphonate groups by using trimethylsilyl bromide. The properties such as pH in the range of mild self‐etching adhesives, hydrolytic stability, high rate of copolymerizations with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and HEMA/glycerol dimethacrylate, giving high‐molecular‐weight polymers on thermal polymerization, and strong decalcification ability of hydroxyapatite make these monomers good candidates for self‐etching adhesives, although no appreciable effect of the number and size of the α‐substituents was observed. Hydrogel scaffolds containing phosphonic acid groups were fabricated, characterized, and mineralized. Altogether, the results suggest that these phosphonic acid‐containing monomers have suitable properties to be used in fabrication of biomaterials for both dental and bone tissue engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2755–2767
Longitudinal associations among maternal communication and adolescent posttraumatic stress symptoms after cancer diagnosis
Authors: Murphy Lexa K. , Rodriguez Erin M. , Schwartz Laura , Bemis Heather , Desjardins Leandra , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Saylor Megan , Compas Bruce E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to prospectively examine adolescent and maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and maternal communication from time near cancer diagnosis to 12‐month follow‐up to identify potential risk factors for adolescent PTSS.MethodsForty‐one adolescents with cancer (10–17 years, 54% female) and their mothers self‐reported PTSS at T1 (two months after cancer diagnosis) and T3 (1‐year follow‐up). At T2 (3 months after T1), mother–adolescent dyads were videotaped discussing cancer, and maternal communication was coded with macro (harsh and withdrawn) and micro (solicits and validations) systems.ResultsAdolescent PTSS at T1 was associated with adolescent PTSS at T3. Greater maternal PTSS at T1 predicted greater harsh maternal communication at T2. There was an indirect effect of maternal PTSS at T1 on adolescent PTSS at T3 through maternal validations at T2.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of maternal PTSS, maternal communication, and subsequent adolescent PTSS over the course of treatment of childhood cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The photoresponse of crystalline silicon strained via ultrasonic cavitation processing
Authors: Savkina R. K. , Smirnov A. B. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract(100)‐oriented p ‐type silicon grown by the liquid‐encapsulated Czochralski method was exposed to cavitation impacts to induce changes of the physical and structural properties of semiconductor. Optical and atomic force microscopy methods as well as X‐ray diffraction, ellipsometry and photovoltage spectroscopy were used. By applying a high‐intensity (15 W/cm2) and high‐frequency (1 ÷ 6 MHz) sonication technique we successfully formed a dendrite‐like micron‐scale array on a silicon surface. It was found also a surprising improvement in the photoelectric properties of silicon samples exposed to the megasonic processing. Significant rise in value and expansion of the spectral range of photosensitivity take place after cavitation treatment. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Conceptual Model of Vegetation–hydrogeomorphology Interactions Within River Corridors
Authors: Gurnell A. M. , Corenblit D. , García de Jalón D. , González del Tánago M. , Grabowski R. C. , O'Hare M. T. , Szewczyk M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe propose a conceptual model of vegetation–hydrogeomorphology interactions and feedbacks within river corridors (i.e. river channels and their floodplains) that builds on previous similar hydrogeomorphologically centred models by

incorporating hydrogeomorphological constraints on river corridor vegetation from region to reach scales;
defining five dynamic river corridor zones within which different hydrogeomorphological processes are dominant so that plants and physical processes interact in different ways, and considering the potential distribution of these zones longitudinally from river headwaters to mouth, laterally across the river corridor, and in relation to different river planform styles;
considering the way in which vegetation‐related landforms within each zone may reflect processes of self‐organization and the role of particular plant species as physical ecosystem engineers within the context of the dominant hydrogeomorphological processes;
focussing, in particular, upon a ‘critical zone’ at the leading edge of plant–hydrogeomorphological process interactions that is located somewhere within the area of the river corridor perennially inundated by flowing water (zone 1) and the area that is frequently inundated and subject to both sediment erosion and deposition processes (zone 2). Within the critical zone some plant species strongly influence the position and character of the margin between the river channel and floodplain, affecting channel width, channel margin form and dynamics, and the transition from one river planform type to another; and
considering the vegetated pioneer landforms that develop within the critical zone and how their morphological impact needs to be scaled to the river size.
The model is illustrated using three example reaches from rivers within different biogeographical zones of Europe, and its potential application in the context of river management and restoration/rehabilitation is discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying functions in binary code with reverse extended control flow graphs
Authors: Qiu Jing , Su Xiaohong , Ma Peijun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn binary code analysis, current function identification approaches are challenged by functions without explicit call sites and handcrafted assembly without standard prologues/epilogues. We propose a new function representation called a reverse extended control flow graph (RECFG) and a RECFG‐based method for identifying functions in stripped binary code. A function has at least one return instruction (an instruction that makes the control flow leave a function). Therefore, return instructions are more reliable than the function prologues and epilogues used by traditional methods. We first build RECFGs from any values that can be interpreted as return instructions in a code range. Then, for each independent RECFG, the multiple‐decision method chooses a subgraph as the control flow graph of a function. A prototype tool is developed for evaluation on seven open source applications, 138 binaries in MASM32 code examples, and 292 binaries in Windows XP SP3. Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify functions that cannot be identified by current methods with high precision and stable recall. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early postembryonic to mature ontogeny of the oryctocephalid trilobite Duodingia duodingensis from the lower Cambrian (Series 2) of southern China
Authors: Hou Jin‐Bo , Hughes Nigel C. , Lan Tian , Yang Jie , Zhang Xi‐Guang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany well‐preserved, articulated exoskeletons recovered from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Mingxinsi Formation in Weng'an, Guizhou Province, southern China, permit reconstruction of the early postembryonic to mature (i.e. protaspid to holaspid) ontogeny of the small oryctocephalid trilobite Duodingia duodingensis Chow. It is likely that the type material is a latest stage meraspis, and the species had nine thoracic segments in the holaspid phase rather than the eight suggested previously. The earliest holaspis is relatively small in size (about 3.00 mm in total length), and the succeeding instars show little size‐related shape change. Striking changes take place in the morphology of the glabella during early ontogeny including forward extension of the axial furrows until they reach the anterior cephalic margin in meraspid degree 0iii, and narrowing of the glabellar mid‐region. This is the first noneodiscid trilobite to show three developmental stages within meraspid degree 0. Documentation of ontogenetic changes demonstrates that both Duodingia hubeiensis and D. taihuensis are junior synonyms of D. duodingensis because they bear characters of particular ontogenetic stages of their senior synonym. The per‐moult growth increment in D. duodingensis was apparently small in this small trilobite. The development of trunk segmentation during the meraspid phase is apparently more complex than in many other trilobites and could include multiple moults within individual meraspid degrees, intraspecific polymorphism in the pattern of segment release, or phenotypic variation among the population in the degree of segment expression. Fluctuations between accumulative moults, in which segments are added to the meraspid pygidium, and depletive moults, in which segments are released into the thorax, if confirmed, would suggest tight coordination between these different aspects of trunk segment development.
The climate of war: violence, warfare, and climatic reductionism
Authors: Livingstone David N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNational security agencies and other interested parties now often regard conflict as the inevitable consequence of climate change. This inclination to reduce war to the vicissitudes of climate is not new however. Here, I examine some of the earlier ways in which violence was attributed to climatic conditions, particularly in the United States, and trace links between these older advocates of climatic determinism and the recent writings of those insisting that climate change will usher in a grim world of chronic warfare. It ends by drawing attention to the writings of some critics who are troubled by the ease with which climatic reductionism is capturing the public imagination. WIREs Clim Change 2015, 6:437–444. doi: 10.1002/wcc.352This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Ideas and Knowledge
Typed context awareness Ambient Calculus for pervasive applications
Authors: Pasqualin Douglas Pereira , Vizzotto Juliana Kaizer , Piveta Eduardo Kessler 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

The idea of pervasive computing is that information processing will become part of everyday life, and will be available everywhere, making computing so natural to the point of being
invisible
in the ambient. An important concept that arises with pervasive computing is
context awareness
. Context is any information that can be used to characterize an entity. Based on contextual information, applications can dynamically adapt themselves to the environments in which they operate. The Calculus of Context-aware Ambients (CCA) is an untyped formal language used to describe mobile and context-aware pervasive applications. The CCA extends the Ambient Calculus by providing new features, such as context-guarded action and process abstraction, allowing to model contexts and context-aware computations. In this work, we define a type system for the CCA, called
CCA

T

, with the focus in the communication between processes and in the correct use of process abstraction and contexts, extending previous works on the definition of type systems for mobile computing. Moreover, we prove that the proposed type system has the subject reduction property (or type preservation). We also model a hospital scenario using
CCA

T

to demonstrate the use of the proposed type system.
Rates of decomposition and nutrient release of herbivore inputs are driven by habitat microsite characteristics
Authors: Guernsey Noelle C. , Lohse Kathleen A. , Bowyer R. Terry 
Published: July 2015

AbstractUngulates use habitat with differential microclimate characteristics; therefore, fecal inputs to a particular habitat may result in vastly different rates of decomposition and nutrient release. We tested this hypothesis and conducted a 1‐year decomposition experiment where we deployed fecal samples from Shiras moose (Alces alces shirasi) and subsequently measured loss of fecal mass, nutrient release captured with resin bags, and associated consequences for nitrogen (N) cycling in soils. The microhabitat type in which fecal samples were deployed influenced rates of decomposition observed; samples experienced faster rates of decomposition in a riparian habitat type than a conifer site. Cumulative nutrient losses as nitrate (NO3−) measured with anion and cation exchange resin bags were significantly higher in the conifer site (0.08 g N/feces) than the riparian site (0.02 g N/feces), whereas ammonium (NH4+) losses, though higher than nitrate losses, were not significantly different between the riparian site (0.40 g N/feces) and the conifer site (0.26 g N/feces) after 1‐year. Concentrations of soil NH4+and NO3−beneath the fecal samples in the riparian site were significantly higher relative to control soils after 1 year, but no differences were detected in the conifer site. Cumulatively, our findings supported our hypothesis that fecal deposition by large herbivores can strongly influence nutrient releases to the ecosystem through the decomposition of fecal matter. Such nutrient additions may have direct effects on N cycling in soil and provide valuable inputs that are available for plant uptake and subsequent growth.