bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis in 1360 Italian children: Comorbidities and determinants of severity
Authors: Dondi Arianna , Tripodi Salvatore , Panetta Valentina , Asero Riccardo , Businco Andrea Di Rienzo , Bianchi Annamaria , Carlucci Antonio , Ricci Giampaolo , Bellini Federica , Maiello Nunzia , Miraglia del Giudice Michele , Frediani Tullio , Sodano Simona , Dello Iacono Iride , Macrì Francesco , Massaccesi Valerio , Caffarelli Carlo , Rinaldi Laura , Patria Maria Francesca , Varin Elena , Peroni Diego , Chinellato Iolanda , Chini Loredana , Moschese Viviana , Lucarelli Sandra , Bernardini Roberto , Pingitore Giuseppe , Pelosi Umberto , Tosca Mariangela , Paravati Francesco , La Grutta Stefania , Meglio Paolo , Calvani Mauro , Plebani Mario , Matricardi Paolo Maria ,   the Italian Pediatric Allergy Network (I‐PAN)
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPollen‐induced allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) is highly prevalent and rapidly evolving during childhood. General practitioners may not be fully aware of the nature and severity of symptoms experienced by patients and might underestimate the prevalence of moderate or severe disease. Thus, the relevance of early diagnosis and intervention may be overlooked.ObjectivesTo investigate the severity of pollen‐induced AR and its determinants in Italian children referred to allergy specialists and who had never received specific immunotherapy (SIT).MethodsChildren (age 4–18 yr) affected by pollen‐induced AR who had never undergone SIT were recruited between May 2009 and June 2011 in 16 pediatric outpatient clinics in 14 Italian cities. Recruited children's parents answered standardized questionnaires on atopic diseases (International Study of Allergy and Asthma in Childhood, Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma, Global Initiative for Asthma). The children underwent skin‐prick test (SPT) with several airborne allergens and six food allergens. Information on socio‐demographic factors, parental history of allergic diseases, education, perinatal events, breastfeeding, nutrition and environmental exposure in early life was collected through an informatics platform shared by the whole network of clinical centers (AllergyCARD™).ResultsAmong the 1360 recruited patients (68% males, age 10.5 ± 3.4 yr), 695 (51%) had moderate‐to‐severe AR, 533 (39%) asthma, and 325 (23.9%) oral allergy syndrome (OAS). Reported onset of pollen‐induced AR was on average at 5.3 ± 2.8 yr, and its mean duration from onset was 5.2 ± 3.3 yr. Only 6.2% of the patients were pollen‐monosensitized, and 84.9% were sensitized to ≥3 pollens. A longer AR duration was significantly associated with moderate‐to‐severe AR symptoms (p 0.004), asthma (p 0.030), and OAS comorbidities (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThis nationwide study may raise awareness of the severity of pollen‐induced AR among Italian children who have never received pollen SIT. The strong association between pollen‐induced AR duration and several markers of disease severity needs replication in longitudinal studies, while suggesting that countrywide initiatives for earlier diagnosis and intervention should be planned.
High‐mobility group box‐1 (HMGB‐1) and serum soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in children affected by vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Zicari Anna Maria , Zicari Alessandra , Nebbioso Marcella , Mari Emanuela , Celani Camilla , Lollobrigida Valeria , Marcelli Azzurra Cesoni , Occasi Francesca , Duse Marzia 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundVernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a chronic disease affecting conjunctiva even though the immunopathogenetic mechanisms underlying this inflammation are unclear. The aim of our study is to investigate serum levels of HMGB1 and circulating sRAGE in children affected by VKC before and after treatment with cyclosporine A (CsA) eye drops and in a group of healthy children.MethodsTwenty‐four children affected by VKC aged between 5 and 12 yrs of life were enrolled at the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, ‘Sapienza’ University of Rome. Twenty‐four healthy children without atopy, ocular, and systemic disease, cross‐matched for sex and age to patients affected by VKC, represented the controls. All children affected by VKC were treated with CsA 1% eye drops for 4 wks, and blood samples were collected before and 2 wks after the end of treatment while the controls underwent to a single blood sample at the time of enrollment.ResultsSerum basal levels of HMGB1 and sRAGE were higher in children with VKC when compared with controls while, in patients affected by VKC, no difference was detected between atopic and non‐atopic, and between ANA‐positive and ANA‐negative children. A significant reduction in serum HMGB1 and sRAGE levels was detected after the therapy while CsA serum levels were negative.ConclusionsOur study gives a support to the definition of VKC as a systemic inflammation in which HMGB1 and its soluble receptors could play a role.
Beta‐lactam hypersensitivity in children with cystic fibrosis: a study in a specialized pediatric center for cystic fibrosis and drug allergy
Authors: Matar Rania , Le Bourgeois Muriel , Scheinmann Pierre , de Blic Jacques , Ponvert Claude 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐lactam hypersensitivity (HS) is suspected in 5–12% of the children, but proven in only 10–15% of those children, based on skin and challenge tests results. In contrast, 30–60% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are diagnosed allergic to beta‐lactams, based mainly on the clinical history of the patients.ObjectivesTo confirm or rule out a suspected beta‐lactamHSinCFchildren and to determine the prevalences of suspected and confirmed beta‐lactamHSin those children.Patients and methodsChildren withCFand suspected beta‐lactamHSwere explored by means of skin and challenge tests with the suspected and alternate beta‐lactams. The results inCFchildren were compared with those reported in the literature in non‐CFchildren.ResultsEight of the 701CFchildren followed in our center between 1990 and 2011 (1.14%), and 11 other children from other centers were explored for suspected beta‐lactam HS. Beta‐lactam HS was diagnosed in nine of these children (47.3%). Based on the results in the children followed in our center, the prevalence of beta‐lactamHSwas 0.71% (5/701) inCFchildren vs. a mean estimated prevalence of 1–1.5% in the general pediatric population.ConclusionOur results contrast with those of most previous studies. Although half of theCFchildren with suspected beta‐lactamHSwere truly allergic to beta‐lactams, the general prevalence of beta‐lactamHSinCFchildren was very low. This may result from tolerance induced by frequent and/or prolonged treatments with beta‐lactams.
The relationship between head and neck position and endotracheal tube intracuff pressure in the pediatric population
Authors: Kako Hiromi , Krishna Senthil G. , Ramesh Archana S. , Merz Meredith N. , Elmaraghy Charles , Grischkan Jonathan , Jatana Kris R. , Ruda James , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundOver the past few years, there has been a change in clinical practice with a transition to the use of cuffed instead of uncuffed endotracheal tubes (ETTs) in pediatric patients. These changes have led to concerns regarding unsafe intracuff pressures in pediatric patients, which may result in postoperative morbidity. To avoid these issues, it is generally suggested that the intracuff pressure be maintained at ≤30 cmH2O. The current study prospectively assesses the changes in intracuff pressure related to alterations in head and neck position in pediatric patients.MethodsPatients less than 18 years of age, undergoing surgery, requiring endotracheal intubation with a cuffed ETT were eligible for inclusion. No alteration in the technique of anesthetic induction or maintenance was required for the study. Following endotracheal intubation and inflation of the cuff with the head and neck in a neutral position, the intracuff pressure was measured. The intracuff pressure was then subsequently measured with the head turned to the right, head turned to the left, head and neck flexed, and head and neck extended.ResultsA total of 200 patients were included in the study resulting in a total of 1000 intracuff pressure readings. When compared to the neutral position, the intracuff pressure increased in 545 instances (68.1%) with changes in position of the head and neck. An increase in intracuff pressure was noted more frequently and to the greatest degree with head and neck flexion. The pressure decreased in 153 instances (19.1%), most frequently with neck extension.ConclusionSignificant changes in the intracuff pressure occur with changes in head and neck position. In several cases, this resulted in a significant increase in the intracuff pressure. For prolonged cases with the head and neck turned from the neutral position, the intracuff pressure should be measured following patient positioning to ensure that the intracuff pressure is within the clinically recommended range.
Lateral variation in structural style of mountain building: controls of rheological and rift inheritance
Authors: Jammes Suzon , Huismans Ritske S. , Muñoz Josep Anton 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany mountain belts exhibit significant along‐strike variation in structural style with changes in the width of the orogen, the geometry and kinematics of the crustal‐scale thrust system, and the degree of partitioning between pro‐ and retro‐wedge deformations. Although the main factors controlling first‐order structural style are understood, the cause of these lateral variations remains to be resolved. Here we focus on the Pyrenees, characterized by significant lateral variation in structural style with a thrust system involving more and thinner thrust sheets in the eastern section than in the western part. Similarly, the prior Mesozoic rifting event was characterized by significant lateral variation in structure. We integrate available geological and geophysical data with forward lithospheric scale numerical models. We show that lateral variation in crustal strength attributed to inherited Variscan crustal composition accentuated during Mesozoic rifting explains the variation in structural style observed during Pyrenean mountain building.
HNA‐3 gene frequencies in Brazilians and a new polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method for HNA‐3a/3b genotyping
Authors: Lopes Larissa Barbosa , Baleotti Wilson , Suzuki Rodrigo Buzinaro , Fabron Antonio , Chiba Akemi Kuroda , Vieira‐Filho João Paulo Botelho , de Souza Castro Bianca , Midori Kunioshi Alessandra , Bordin José Orlando 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundHNA‐3 antigens are the result of a rs2288904 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CTL2, and the HNA‐3a and HNA‐3b variants are encoded by a guanine and adenine at Nucleotide Position 461. Anti‐HNA‐3 are involved in severe transfusion‐related acute lung injury reactions and in neonatal alloimmune neutropenia. Since the distribution of the HNA‐3 system was unknown in South Americans, in this study we determined the frequency of the HNA‐3 alleles in Brazilians.Study Design and MethodsDNA of 500 blood donors, 120 Xikrin Amerindians, 74 Japanese individuals, and 124 African Brazilians were genotyped for rs2288904 by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The PCR product was digested with enzyme Taqα1, specific to nucleotide guanine (HNA‐3a).ResultsThe results showed that the frequencies of the HNA‐3a/HNA‐3b alleles were 0.81/0.19 in blood donors, 1.00/0.00 in Amerindians, 0.63/0.37 in Japanese, and 0.85/0.15 in African Brazilians. All 81 individuals genotyped as HNA‐3a/a did not present the SNP c.457T by molecular sequencing.ConclusionThe frequencies of HNA‐3 genotypes in Brazilian blood donors is similar to that described in Caucasians; however, all Amerindians were HNA‐3a/a, African Brazilians showed a lower frequency of HNA‐3b/b, and Japanese had a higher prevalence of HNA‐3b/b, suggesting that they may be at risk for developing anti‐HNA‐3a alloantibodies.
Effects of different mydriatics on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, and ruminal and intestinal motility in healthy sheep
Authors: Ribeiro Alexandre P. , Crivelaro Roberta M. , Teixeira Pedro Paulo M. , Trujillo Dunia Y. , Guimarães Patrícia J. , Vicente Wilter Ricardo R. , Martins Bianca da C. , Laus José Luiz 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effects of the administration of subconjunctival 1% atropine (SA), topical 1% atropine (A), 0.5% tropicamide (T), 1% homatropine (H), 10% phenylephrine (P), and 2% ibopamine (I) on intraocular pressure (IOP), pupil diameter (PD), ruminal motility (RM) and intestinal motility (IM) in sheep.Animal studiedTen spayed ewes of Santa Inês breed.ProceduresSix experiments were performed separately at 1‐week intervals. One eye was randomly selected and received one drop of A, T, H, P, I, or subconjunctival injection of atropine at 8 a.m. On the following days, IOP and PD were evaluated every 8 h until the pupil returned to its normal diameter. Ruminal motility and intestinal motility were evaluated only within the first 13 h.ResultsThe IOP did not change significantly in the treated eyes compared with the control eyes and baseline at any time point (P > 0.05). A longer‐lasting pupil dilation was observed after the administration of A (96 h), SA (79 h), H (24 h), and T (24 h). Within the first 30 min after treatment, RM and IM decreased, by 78% and 82% (H), 76% and 86% (SA), 46% and 58% (A), and 62% and 70% (T) (P < 0.001), respectively, with a tendency to return to baseline values following 13 h of drug administration. Both 10% phenylephrine and 2% ibopamine did not have any effect on the parameters evaluated (P > 0.05).ConclusionsTopical and subconjunctival 1% atropine, 0.5% tropicamide, and 1% homatropine significantly reduced RM and IM, and induced pupil dilation but did not change IOP in eyes of healthy sheep. The sympathomimetics phenylephrine (10%) and ibopamine (2%) did not change the parameters evaluated.
Ocular findings and reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in the macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) and southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome)
Authors: Bliss Cassandra D. , Aquino Susette , Woodhouse Sarah 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe ophthalmic examination findings and standard diagnostic test results in 2 penguin species.Animals StudiedMacaroni &SouthernRockhopperPenguins.ProcedureComplete ophthalmic examinations including Schirmer tear test (STT), modified phenol red thread test (PTT), tonometry, and echobiometry were performed on penguins housed at the Detroit Zoo. Mean and standard deviation of ophthalmic tests are reported and compared for significance using two sample t‐tests with significance set atP < 0.05. Correlations between variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsCataracts were the most common finding, present in 64% ofMacaroniPenguins, and 68% ofRockhopperPenguins. There were anterior segment anomalies in all eyes with cataracts consistent with lens‐induced uveitis. The mean modifiedPTTfor the Macaronis was 24.7 ± 6.37 mm/15 s and 25.1 ± 7.07 mm/15 s in the Rockhoppers. The meanSTTvalue for the Macaronis was 12.1 ± 5.43 mm/min and 11.0 ± 3.96 mm/min in theRockhoppers. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) for the Macaronis was 21.9 ± 7.05 mmHg measured by applanation tonometry and 29.1 ± 7.16 mmHg using rebound tonometry. The Rockhoppers had a meanIOPof 20.0 ± 5.77 mmHg and 24.1 ± 5.09 mmHg for applanation and rebound tonometry, respectively. In both populations, there was a significant difference inIOPmeasurement between the two instruments. In theMacaroni penguins, the presence of cataracts correlated significantly with increased age and lowerIOPreadings. Anterior chamber distance and axial globe length were significantly greater in males than in females in both penguin species.
Duration of Resuscitation Efforts and Functional Outcome After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Reynolds Joshua C. , Frisch Adam , Rittenberger Jon C. , Callaway Clifton W. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Functionally favorable survival remains low after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When initial interventions fail to achieve the return of spontaneous circulation, they are repeated with little incremental benefit. Patients without rapid return of spontaneous circulation do not typically survive with good functional outcome. Novel approaches to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have yielded functionally favorable survival in patients for whom traditional measures had failed, but the optimal transition point from traditional measures to novel therapies is ill defined. Our objective was to estimate the dynamic probability of survival and functional recovery as a function of resuscitation effort duration to identify this transition point.

Methods and Results—

Retrospective cohort study of a cardiac arrest database at a single site. We included 1014 adult (≥18 years) patients experiencing nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest between 2005 and 2011, defined as receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation or defibrillation from a professional provider. We stratified by functional outcome at hospital discharge (modified Rankin scale). Survival to hospital discharge was 11%, but only 6% had a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 3. Within 16.1 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 80.3%–95.8%) of patients with good functional outcome had achieved return of spontaneous circulation, and the probability of good functional recovery fell to 1%. Adjusting for prehospital and inpatient covariates, cardiopulmonary resuscitation duration (minutes) is independently associated with favorable functional status at hospital discharge (odds ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.72–0.98;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—
The probability of survival to hospital discharge with a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 3 declines rapidly with each minute of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Novel strategies should be tested early after cardiac arrest rather than after the complete failure of traditional measures.
Monocular Advantage for Face Perception Implicates Subcortical Mechanisms in Adult Humans
Authors: Gabay Shai , Nestor Adrian , Dundas Eva , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe ability to recognize faces accurately and rapidly is an evolutionarily adaptive process. Most studies examining the neural correlates of face perception in adult humans have focused on a distributed cortical network of face-selective regions. There is, however, robust evidence from phylogenetic and ontogenetic studies that implicates subcortical structures, and recently, some investigations in adult humans indicate subcortical correlates of face perception as well. The questions addressed here are whether low-level subcortical mechanisms for face perception (in the absence of changes in expression) are conserved in human adults, and if so, what is the nature of these subcortical representations. In a series of four experiments, we presented pairs of images to the same or different eyes. Participants' performance demonstrated that subcortical mechanisms, indexed by monocular portions of the visual system, play a functional role in face perception. These mechanisms are sensitive to face-like configurations and afford a coarse representation of a face, comprised of primarily low spatial frequency information, which suffices for matching faces but not for more complex aspects of face perception such as sex differentiation. Importantly, these subcortical mechanisms are not implicated in the perception of other visual stimuli, such as cars or letter strings. These findings suggest a conservation of phylogenetically and ontogenetically lower-order systems in adult human face perception. The involvement of subcortical structures in face recognition provokes a reconsideration of current theories of face perception, which are reliant on cortical level processing, inasmuch as it bolsters the cross-species continuity of the biological system for face recognition.
Two new species of Cosmos section Discopoda (Coreopsideae: Asteraceae) from Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Castro Castro Arturo , Vargas-Amado Georgina , Harker Mollie , Rodríguez-Contreras Aarón 
Published: November 2013

Recent botanical explorations in western Mexico, as part of a taxonomic revision and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cosmos, have resulted in the discovery of two new species. The novelties belong to Cosmos section Discopoda and are described and illustrated. Morphologically, Cosmos pseudoperfoliatus resembles C. jaliscensis, C. peucedanifolius, C. palmeri and C. scabiosoides, but differs from them in having 4–7 leaf pairs on the stem, leaves tomentose on both faces, trullate external phyllaries, yellow disk florets with 4–5 lobes, and corky-tuberculate achenes. On the other hand, Cosmos ramirezianus is morphologically similar to C. montanus, but differs by its coriaceous and pinnatisect leaves, yellow internal phyllaries, yellow disk florets with light purple lobes, and by the persistence of paleae during fruiting. Phenology, distribution and habitat are provided as well as a key for the identification of the species in Cosmos section Discopoda. Recent botanical explorations in western Mexico, as part of a taxonomic revision and a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Cosmos, have resulted in the discovery of two new species. The novelties belong to Cosmos section Discopoda and are described and illustrated. Morphologically, Cosmos pseudoperfoliatus resembles C. jaliscensis, C. peucedanifolius, C. palmeri and C. scabiosoides, but differs from them in having 4–7 leaf pairs on the stem, leaves tomentose on both faces, trullate external phyllaries, yellow disk florets with 4–5 lobes, and corky-tuberculate achenes. On the other hand, Cosmos ramirezianus is morphologically similar to C. montanus, but differs by its coriaceous and pinnatisect leaves, yellow internal phyllaries, yellow disk florets with light purple lobes, and by the persistence of paleae during fruiting. Phenology, distribution and habitat are provided as well as a key for the identification of the species in Cosmos section Discopoda.
A Numerical Method Based on Leapfrog and a Fourth-Order Implicit Time Filter
Authors: Moustaoui Mohamed , Mahalov Alex , Kostelich Eric J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A time-stepping scheme is proposed. It is based on the leapfrog method and a fourth-order time filter. The scheme requires only one evaluation per time step and uses an implicit filter, but the effort needed to implement it in an explicit manner is trivial. Comparative tests demonstrate that the proposed scheme produces numerical approximations that are more stable and highly accurate compared to the standard Robert–Asselin (RA) and the Robert–Asselin–Williams (RAW) filtered leapfrog scheme, even though both methods use filter coefficients that are tuned such that the 2Δt modes are damped at the same rate. Formal stability analysis demonstrates that the proposed method generates amplitude errors of O[(Δt)4], implying third-order accuracy. This contrasts with the O[(Δt)2] errors produced by the standard RA and RAW filtered leapfrog. A second scheme that produces amplitude errors of O[(Δt)6] is also presented. The proposed scheme is found to do well at controlling numerical instabilities arising in the diffusion equation and in nonlinear computations using Lorenz’s system and the global shallow-water spectral model. In addition to noticeably improving the resolution of the physical modes, the proposed method is simple to implement and has a wider region of stability compared to the existing time-filtered leapfrog schemes. This makes the proposed method a potential alternative for use in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate modeling.