bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation and Management of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multidisciplinary Indian Consensus Statements from a Delphi Panel
Authors: Ramaswamy Anant , Shukla Akash , Engineer Reena , Sundaram Sridhar , Srinivas Sujay , Kulkarni Suyash , Patkar Shraddha , Baijal Sanjay , Kale Aditya , Kapoor Akhil , Mukund Amar , Choudhari Amit , Rauthan Amit , Mathew Ashwathy Susan , Panchal Rushi , Bhattacharya Kausik , Patil Prachi , Shetty Nitin , Gala Kunal , Kumar Lijesh , Thiruchunapalli Deepashree , Kalra Naveen , Sahoo Tarini Prasad , Krishna M Vamshi , Lavingia Viraj , Mohanka Ravi , Talwar Vineet , Ostwal Vikas , Bhargava Prabhat , Poddar Jyoti , Singal Amit , Goel Mahesh 
Published: July 2024

Background India, like many parts of Asia, likely faces a high burden of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), though large-scale data on etiology, presentation, and outcomes are lacking. There appears to be a predominance of unresectable, advanced-stage HCC at presentation in India with variable level of expertise in India to manage these scenarios. This publication summarizes the latest evidence with cognizance of the unique challenges faced in India by treating clinicians.
Methods A multidisciplinary panel of medical oncologists, gastroenterologists, hepatologists, interventional radiologists, and hepatobiliary surgical oncologists held a meeting in June 2022 and reviewed the evidence available for management of HCC. The meeting concentrated on the recognition and management of HCC not amenable to surgical approaches in the Indian context. A literature review of these aspects of management was conducted and consensus statements with level of evidence and grades of recommendation were prepared by individual specialists in each field. Statements were evaluated by the modified Delphi method.
Key Content and Findings The panel comprising 22 experts formulated 40 consensus statements with regard to defining unresectable HCC, optimization of underlying conditions prior to management, rationale use of various liver-directed therapies (LDTs) in unresectable HCC, and systemic therapeutic options in this group of patients.
Conclusion Our consensus statements offer practical, yet evidence-based management guidelines for treating unresectable HCC in the Indian context. There is an emphasis on the crucial need for combining available approaches for LDT, even if less well studied though possibly effective, with standard systemic therapy.
Into the Neuroscape: Perceptions of Pakistani Medical Students and Recent Graduates toward Neurosurgery
Authors: Shakir Muhammad , Irshad Hammad Atif , Shahzad Akmal , Ali Eisha Abid , Khowaja Aly Hamza , Ahmer Areesha , Enam Syed Ather 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Neurosurgery receives several applicants every year, but the decreasing size of the neurosurgery workforce in Pakistan despite evidence of initial student interest is perplexing. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the perspective of medical students and recent graduates to get a holistic view of perceptions toward neurosurgery.
Materials and Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of medical students and recent graduates from different medical colleges. Their perceptions were gauged by multiple choice questions and barriers identified using Likert scale questions. Statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
Results A total of 2,481 responses were recorded from study participants. Neurosciences and neurosurgery were a part of a medical school curriculum for the majority (64.9%) of the participants. However, a significant number (65.4%) of the participants do not have the opportunity to rotate in the field of neurosurgery. The respondents' perception of neurosurgery is shaped by various factors, such as university lectures (21.9%), digital media (16.7%), and social media (15.2%). Known patients (5.7%) and known neurosurgeons (4.8%) were considered the least influential sources. The top three characteristics associated with neurosurgery were consistent for both male and female students: difficult, interesting, and brain. Male respondents (25.22%) predominantly described neurosurgery as difficult, while female respondents (21.98%) found it interesting. Many females perceived neurosurgery as a male-dominated specialty, with 64% female participants agreeing with gender bias compared to 36% of males.
Conclusion This study uncovers that medical students' views on neurosurgery are shaped by lectures, digital media, and social media, leading to preconceived ideas. These notions, including extended working hours, limited work–life balance, competition, gender bias, and stereotypes, impede their interest and comprehension of neurosurgery as a profession. To address this, students should have more opportunities to familiarize themselves with the field, allowing them to challenge these misconceptions and discover the captivating world of neurosurgery.
Evaluation of the Characteristics of Respiratory Viruses and Coinfections in Hospitalized Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Geçkalan Damla , Gülcan Aynur 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective Studies have shown that more than one viral agent is not uncommonly detected simultaneously in respiratory tract infections of children. The aim of this study was to analyze our single-center experience with the seasonal distribution, clinical and laboratory outcomes of respiratory viruses, and coinfections in hospitalized children during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods During the pandemic period of June 1, 2021 to February 1, 2022, 156 pediatric patients hospitalized with non-COVID-19 respiratory tract infections were retrospectively analyzed. Among these children, 92 were found to be positive for respiratory pathogens. These children's ages, genders, polymerase chain reaction results, and blood parameters were analyzed.
Results The median age of the patients was 8 months (10 days–17.1 years) and 63% were male. A total of 16.3% of the patients were neonates (0–28 days), 55.4% were infants (1–24 months), 16.3% were preschool (2–5 years), and 12% were school-aged (5–18 years); 73.9% of the patients were hospitalized in the pediatric ward, 16.3% in the neonatal intensive care unit, and 9.8% in the pediatric intensive care unit. In 76.5% of hospitalized patients, only one pathogen was identified. Respiratory syncytial virus was detected as a causative agent of either mono- or coinfections in 78.4% of all patients. There was no statistical difference between inflammatory parameters in the patients infected with single or multiple viral agents.
Conclusion As a result of the precautions taken during the pandemic, we found that the viral distribution of respiratory tract infections changed. In addition, we believe that hematological parameters are not useful for distinguishing between mono- and coinfections.
Aging in (con)text: a systematic review on how scientific discourses embed the intersectional reality of elderly
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Polliana , Hochdorn Alexander , Chariglione Isabelle Patriciá Freitas Soares 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to access the intersectional link between aging and different contextual determinants, such as social class, gender identity, sexual orientation and race/ethnicity, among others, elder adults are exposed to in contemporary societies. Accordingly, a systematic review of existing literature in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, processed through statistical text-mining-analysis, has been carried out to understand how the production of scientific knowledge shapes sociocultural representations concerning the aforementioned reality. The findings showed a prevalence of studies investigating the development of elderly, with intersectional elements appearing only peripherally. However, although Psychology itself has not engaged much in this discussion so far, human sciences already began to understand aging as a heterogeneous, multifaceted and complex process of human development. It is worth noting, indeed, that scientific production focused on topics such as gender, race, nationality and sexual orientation are becoming increasingly prominent, suggesting to address special attention to these variables in future studies on aging. Contextual factors, circumscribing healthcare issues focused on aging, should be taken into account in order to overcome prejudices historically directed against elder adults. An increased longevity is, in fact, an achievement, and not a burden to be lived in precarious conditions of development.
Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence study of PN junction p-graphene/n-GaAs
Authors: Souibgui M. , Ajlani H. , Cavanna A. , Madouri A. , Oueslati M. , Meftah A. 
Published: July 2024

Single layer graphene (SLG) was synthesized via high-quality chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on high-quality copper and subsequently transferred onto SiO2 and on n-GaAs substrates with varying doping electron concentrations (n = 1016, 1017, 5 × 1017, 1018, and 5 × 1018 cm−3). The n-GaAs substrates were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The optical properties of the SLG were investigated through photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy measurements. Carrier concentration n or p and Fermi energy (EF) values in SLG were determined both before and after the transfer onto n-GaAs, and these findings were validated through PL studies. The Raman spectroscopy results indicated an increase in the transfer of electrons from n-GaAs to SLG as the doping electron density in n-GaAs increased. PL analysis revealed a significant change in the bandgap energy (Eg) of n-GaAs due to bandgap narrowing and the Burstein–Moss shift. Our data enable us to determine the energy band diagrams. Upon aligning the energy bands, an increase in transferred carrier density is accompanied by changes in Fermi energies and an increase in the potential barrier (∆U). The increase in ∆U is of significant interest to ensure that charges are directed more efficiently toward the cell’s electrical contacts in the case of photovoltaic application. There, they can contribute significantly to the generated electric current, thereby enhancing the performance of a cell. Our results can provide insights into the interaction in graphene-based heterostructures and aid in selecting the best parameters for developing new advanced devices.
Simulation of a scintillator-based fast ion loss detector for steady-state operation in Wendelstein 7-X (invited)
Authors: LeViness A. , Lazerson S. A. , Jansen van Vuuren A. , Rueda-Rueda J. , Ayllon-Guerola J. , Bozhenkov S. , Corl D. , Ellis R. , Galdon-Quiroga J. , Garcia-Dominguez J. , Garcia-Munoz M. , Hidalgo-Salaverri J. , Ogawa K. , Pablant N. , Segado-Fernandez J. ,   W7-X Team
Published: July 2024

A quantitative theoretical framework has been created to model neutral beam injection and fast ion losses in the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) stellarator, including a novel method to develop synthetic diagnostics for fast ion loss detectors (FILDs) of many types, such as scintillating and Faraday Cup FILDs. This is the first time that this has been done in stellarator geometry with this level of fidelity, providing a way for fast ion losses to be predicted more precisely in future stellarator experiments and in W7-X. Simulations of the signal seen by a Faraday Cup FILD have been completed for multiple W7-X plasmas and show close agreement with the measured signals. This method is now applied to an actively water-cooled, scintillator-based FILD, which is currently in development to measure the fast ion loss distribution in W7-X in greater detail. The design makes use of a double slit to measure energy-and-pitch-angle-resolved losses of both co-going and counter-going fast ions. The diagnostic, which can be inserted to different radial positions, has been designed to withstand steady-state heat fluxes of up to 120 kW/m2 along with additional transient heat loads of 100 kW/m2 lasting for up to 20 s at a time. Simulations of W7-X standard magnetic configuration show up to 8 × 1013 (s−1 cm−2) ion fluxes onto the sensor from each neutral beam source and no signal from the counter-going slit. These simulations will help inform experimental proposals for future W7-X campaigns after installation of this diagnostic.
Full quantum calculations of the line shape for H2O perturbed by Ar at temperatures from 20 to 300 K
Authors: Chai Shijie , Yu Yipeng , Yang Dongzheng , Zhou Yanzi , Xie Daiqian 
Published: July 2024

This work theoretically studied the spectral line shape of H2O perturbed by Ar in the temperature range of 20–300 K for the pure rotational lines below 360 cm−1, as well as three lines (31, 2 ← 44, 1, 54, 2 ← 41, 3, and 73, 5 ← 60, 6) in the v2 band. In order to perform precise dynamical calculations at low collision energies, a full-dimensional long-range potential energy surface was constructed for the H2O–Ar system for the first time to correct the long range of our newly developed intermolecular potential energy surface. Subsequently, the six line-shape parameters (pressure-broadening and -shifting parameters, their speed dependencies, and the complex Dicke parameters) were determined from the generalized spectroscopic cross section by the full quantum time-independent close-coupling approach on this new potential energy surface. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with the available experimental observations. Furthermore, the influence of the speed-dependence and Dicke narrowing effects on the line contour was revealed by comparing the differences among the Hartmann–Tran, quadratic-speed-dependent Voigt, and Voigt profiles. The temperature dependence of each line-shape parameter was further parameterized using the triplet-power-law for three pure rotational 61, 6 ← 52, 3, 41, 4 ← 32, 1, and 31, 3 ← 22, 0 lines. These line-shape parameters will provide a comprehensive set of theoretical references for subsequent experimental measurements.
Experimental investigation on coupled-bunch instability and suppression for the upgrade of Beijing Electron–Positron Collider (BEPCII)
Authors: Su Jinliu , Liu Yudong , Liu Zhi , Yin Di , Lei Ge , Yue Junhui , Que Cunyang 
Published: July 2024

After touching the design collision luminosity of 1.0 × 1033 cm−2 s−1 in 2016, this target has not been reached again for the upgrade of Beijing Electron–Positron Collider during physical collision operation in subsequent years due to various factors, such as the collision background, noise, and equipment stability under high power operation. One of the most serious factors was the beam instability, especially the coupled-bunch instability, whose sideband distribution was clearly displayed on the spectrum analyzer when the feedback system was OFF. Experimental measurements on coupled-bunch instability and the damping from the feedback system were carried out over the past two years. These measurements were conducted by transiently turning off/on the feedback system, and the bunch-by-bunch oscillations were recorded to obtain the mode distribution and growth and damping rates. The experimental results demonstrate that the feedback damping is strong enough to suppress instability, and precise adjustments to the feedback system during physical collision operation can increase the collision luminosity, which has been verified in last year’s physical run.
Are we missing opportunities to detect acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in hospital care? A multijurisdictional cohort study
Authors: Woods John A. , Sodhi-Berry Nita , MacDonald Bradley R. , Ralph Anna P. , Francia Carl , Stacey Ingrid , Katzenellenbogen Judith M. 
Published: July 2024

Objective This study aimed to investigate potential missed diagnoses of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease during hospital-based care among persons subsequently identified with these conditions. Methods This retrospective cohort study used linked emergency department and inpatient administrative records from Queensland, Northern Territory, South Australia, and New South Wales during 2003–2018 (varying between jurisdictions by completeness of data) of all persons first identified with acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease while aged 8–24 years. Using coded discharge diagnoses from the preceding 3 years, we identified presentations (e.g. joint pains or heart murmur without specific identified cause) that potentially mimic and thereby represent a missed opportunity to detect acute rheumatic fever or rheumatic heart disease. Sociodemographic factors associated with experiencing ≥1 mimic diagnoses were investigated using multivariable logistic regression models. Results Among 1855 persons, 65 (3.5%) (using narrow diagnostic inclusions) and 146 (7.9%) (with broad inclusions) experienced ≥1 mimic diagnosis. Joint disorders predominated. Mimics categorised as ‘high-likelihood’ (most specific) were more frequent among persons subsequently diagnosed as young adults (18–24 years) than as children (8–12 years) (odds ratio [OR] 2.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–4.47), and those from low-risk ethnic groups (including Australian-born non-Indigenous persons) compared with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.02–5.85). Conclusion Missed opportunities to detect acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease continue to occur in Australian hospitals, and present disproportionately among persons from demographic groups considered to be at low risk, suggesting the need for enhanced clinical suspicion in these groups.
In the light of small things
Authors: Czyzewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
What is the connection between Jeff Goldfarb and myself that began many years ago when he visited my small town of Sejny in Poland? From the very beginning when we met, the feeling was that we had known one another for a long time because there was a kind of brotherhood. What was behind that encounter? What was the power of this encounter between us? And what happened at the kitchen table that once existed in communist Poland in the 1970s and 1980s when Jeff visited us in our country? What happened to this kitchen table after 1989? Where is it today? Where is this table?
Democratisation without democracy: Musical discourse in the digital age
Authors: Hanrahan Nancy Weiss 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The contemporary discourse of digitalisation suggests that the music world has been ‘democratised’ through technical protocols that allow for greater access and voice, and eliminate the need for intermediaries such as record company executives and professional music critics. Yet there is little engagement in this formulation with normative conceptions of democracy. Indeed, the formal similarities between technological platforms and democratic structures obscure what are far more significant substantive differences. Using examples of historical moments when the connection between music and normative conceptions of democracy in the US were significantly more robust, I consider developments that led to the hollowing out of such critical public discourse about music and analyse the transposition of meaning of key democratic terms. This work builds on Jeffrey Goldfarb's commitment to the relative autonomy of the arts and sciences and their central place in democratic public life.
The Power of fiction and a shared framework in confronting contested pasts
Authors: Gutman Yifat 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Artistic memorial interventions that raise the question ‘what if?’ – what life in the present would look like had past events unfolded differently – can be understood in light of the concept ‘as if’ in Jeffrey Goldfarb’s Politics of Small Things. ‘As if’ constitutes a shared framework for public debate that enables a more equal voice to participants with different identities and social positions who meet ‘as if’ they were equal. In cases of conflict over the past and present, like Nakba’s memory in Israel–Palestine, the creation of a joint framework in which all sides can participate without erasing asymmetrical violence and power relations is crucial yet difficult. By opening up space for the consideration of counter histories, a new public can be formed, even if temporarily, and potentially expand the horizon of public debate.
‘I can’t believe you said that!’: Social media, democracy and the public good
Authors: Potter Claire Bond 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Following Elon Musk's acquisition of the Twitter in 2022, the platform has been characterized by an uptick in the trolling and disinformation that are critical tools for illiberal and undemocratic political movements. In The Politics of Small Things, Jeffrey Goldfarb emphasises the importance, not simply of the public sphere, but of the potential and transformative power of the conversations that occur there. Clearly, free speech, as it occurs on social media, may or may not promote democracy. This leads us to what Goldfarb did not predict: that the same technology that helped grassroots movements overthrow authoritarianism would put the politics of small things to the purpose of undemocratic politics. Goldfarb was correct that public conversation leads to action and power. What we all missed, however, was that social media could turn a central tool of democracy, free and fair elections, to bringing about an undemocratic world.
Acting as if: The political power of mimicry
Authors: Dayan Daniel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The Politics of Small Things tells the story of a damaged public sphere and shows how expressive means may allow for repairing the damage done to the possibility of free expression. The paper first of all contrasts Goldfarb's argument with Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann's theory of ‘the spiral of silence’, which looks like its inverted image by stressing the banality of acquiescence. Secondly, it discusses the question of oppression. As one of the last resorts available to the powerless, the politics of small things responds to situations of coercion and tragedy. Yet I ask whether Goldfarb's politics of small things risks misapplication when addressing situations where oppression is uncertain.
The intimacy of enemies: Peacebuilding and The Politics of Small Things
Authors: Metz Zachary 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This article examines how small groups have real power in large-scale, brutal conflicts. Working with Goldfarb’s ‘politics of small things’, I show how a unique, specific, and consequential form of political power is generated in and by local peacebuilding groups. I call this power ‘the intimacy of enemies’. By delving into and analysing a particular narrative of interactions within one such group, I demonstrate the emergence of the ‘intimacy of enemies’. I show how the micro-level efforts of these groups carry significant implications for fostering macro-level transformations. Furthermore, I provide insights into why international actors struggle to grasp, support and utilise this power. I conclude with considerations of how small, local peace efforts can prompt a reevaluation of the dynamics of political power.