bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history and outcome of 200 outpatients with classical trigeminal neuralgia treated with carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine in a tertiary centre for neuropathic pain
Authors: Di Stefano Giulia , La Cesa Silvia , Truini Andrea , Cruccu Giorgio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
The guidelines on trigeminal neuralgia management that have been agreed and jointly published by the American Academy of Neurology and the European Federation of Neurological Societies recommend carbamazepine (CBZ) and oxcarbazepine (OXC) as the first-choice medical treatments in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the natural history of classical trigeminal neuralgia in a large cohort of patients, focusing on drug responsiveness, side effects related to CBZ and OXC, and changes in pain characteristics during the course of disease.

Findings
We selected the last 100 consecutive patients with typical TN who began treatment with CBZ and the last 100 with OXC. All had MRI scans and a complete neurophysiological study of trigeminal reflexes. Among them, 22 were excluded on the basis of neuroradiological or neurophysiological investigations, to avoid the inclusion of patients with possible secondary TN. The initial number of responders was 98% with CBZ with a median dose of 600 mg (range 200–1200), and of 94% with OXC, with a median dose of 1200 mg (range 600–1800). In a mean period of 8.6 months, 27% of responders to CBZ incurred in undesired effects to a level that caused interruption of treatment or a dosage reduction to an unsatisfactory level. In a mean period of 13 months, the same occurred to 18% of responders to OXC. Among patients who had a good initial response, only 3 patients with CBZ and 2 with OXC developed late resistance. During the course of disease, paroxysms worsened in intensity in 3% of patients, and paroxysms duration increased in 2%. We did not observe the onset of a clinically manifest sensory deficit at any time in any patient.

Conclusions
Unlike common notion, in our large patient sample the worsening of pain with time and the development of late resistance only occurred in a very small minority of patients. CBZ and OXC were confirmed to be efficacious in a large majority of patients, but the side effects caused withdrawal from treatment in an important percentage of patients. These results suggest the opportunity to develop a better tolerated drug.
Spinal 5-HT3 Receptors Mediate Descending Facilitation and Contribute to Behavioral Hypersensitivity via a Reciprocal Neuron-Glial Signaling Cascade
Authors: Guo Wei , Miyoshi Kan , Dubner Ronald , Gu Ming , Li Man , Liu Jian , Yang Jiale , Zou Shiping , Ren Ke , Noguchi Koichi , Wei Feng 
Published: June 2014

Background: It has been recently recognized that the descending serotonin (5-HT) system from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem and the 5-HT3 receptor subtype in the spinal dorsal horn are involved in enhanced descending pain facilitation after tissue and nerve injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of the 5-HT3 receptor and its contribution to facilitation of pain remain unclear. Results: In the present study, activation of spinal 5-HT3 receptors by intrathecal injection of a selective 5-HT3 receptor agonist SR 57227 induced spinal glial hyperactivity, neuronal hyperexcitability and pain hypersensitivity in rats. We found that there was neuron-to-microglia signaling via the chemokine fractalkine, microglia to astrocyte signaling via cytokine IL-18, astrocyte to neuronal signaling by IL-1β, and enhanced activation of NMDA receptors in the spinal dorsal horn. Glial hyperactivation in spinal dorsal horn after hindpaw inflammation was also attenuated by molecular depletion of the descending 5-HT system by intra-RVM Tph-2 shRNA interference. Conclusions: These findings offer new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms at the spinal level responsible for descending 5-HT-mediated pain facilitation during the development of persistent pain after tissue and nerve injury. New pain therapies should focus on prime targets of descending facilitation-induced glial involvement, and in particular the blocking of intercellular signaling transduction between neurons and glia.
Global well-posedness for a system of KdV-type equations with coupled quadratic nonlinearities
Authors: bona Jerry L. , Cohen Jonathan , Wang Gang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, coupled systemsof Korteweg-de Vries type are considered, whereu=u(x, t),v=v(x, t) are real-valued functions and wherex, t∈R. Here, subscripts connote partial differentiation andare quadratic polynomials in the variablesuandv. Attention is given to the pure initial-value problem in whichu(x, t) andv(x, t) are both specified att= 0, namely,forx∈ ℝ. Under suitable conditions onPandQ, global well-posedness of this problem is established for initial data in theL2-based Sobolev spacesHs(ℝ) ×Hs(ℝ) for anys> ‒3/4.
The Neurorehabilitation Pathways Team (NRPT): a model of good practice?
Authors: Buckman Joshua E J , Astley Jenny M , Sollom Andrea C , Anderson Carly A , Dendy Anthea ,   NRPT Clinicians, Schwartz Annette F 
Published: June 2014

Background:It is suggested that community based neurorehabilitation can provide benefits to both patients and health care providers in the shape of improved clinical outcomes and lower costs relative to inpatient care in tertiary centres. National guidelines within the UK have also called for care to be delivered ‘closer to home’. However, there is very little research on community based models of care for complex neurological patients and little evidence of how these models can deliver improved outcomes.Content:This article describes the model of care employed by Central Surrey Health and presents data from an audit of clinical records to support its effectiveness.Conclusions:This article has shown that the Neurorehabilitation Pathways Team (NRPT) achieve important clinical improvements for our patients whether treated as inpatients or in the community. As a group of experienced senior clinicians the NRPT accurately predict the likely clinical outcomes for each patient (90–97%) and give health care purchasers accurate predictions of the care pathway each patient will follow (84%). This provides a model of care which meets national guidelines and is potentially delivering both good clinical outcomes and cost savings for the health service compared to the former and more common model of care used in the UK.
Labile Extractable Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Components from Medium-Density Fiberboard*
Authors: Grigsby Warren J. , Carpenter James E. P. , Thumm Armin , Sargent Rosie , Hati Nancy 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin is the predominant adhesive used in the manufacture of medium-density fiberboard (MDF). While it is well known that this resin is susceptible to moisture and hydrolysis, the present study determined that MDF panels lose a significant quantity of UF resin components in panel water soaking tests. Panel mass and %N losses indicate that MDF panels lose 48 to 66 percent of resin components during water soaking tests. Chemical analysis revealed that the labile extractable resin components included urea and monomeric and low-molecular-weight UF oligomers. Panel formaldehyde emissions were linked to the proportions of extractable UF resin oligomers. The results have implications for panel performance and the extent of resin cure achievable in manufacturing MDF.
Profiling Year Level and Gender Differences in Adolescent Communication Styles
Authors: Bowles Terry 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe communication style of adolescents was assessed using the factors of the Focus of Communication Questionnaire (FOCQ), gender and year level. The FOCQ has six factors that individuals focus on during conflict including success, task, other-person, concession, withdrawing, and confusing. Data from the 460 adolescent participants showed that there were interaction effects involving success and other-person focused communication. Younger students were lower on concession, task, and confusion focused communication. Females were more withdrawing, concession and less confusion focused than males. The magnitude of the effect sizes resulting from the gender and year level analyses was small. Profile analysis of the six communication factors resulted in two clusters similar to those from previous research. The third cluster comprised a group of students low in all six communication factors. The discussion addresses the relevance of the findings and profile analysis in school settings.
Вплив функціонального стану м’язової системи пальців руки людини на динаміку їх рухової активності
Authors: Ulanova Y. A. , Shugurov O. O. , Botsva N. P. , Yelina О. V. 
Published: June 2014

Basic features of the motion activity dynamics of II–V fingers of human superior limbs are analyzed. The frequency-force dependence of arm fingers bending at change of the functional state of their muscular system is quantitatively estimated. Qualitative similarity in dynamics of changes of mechanography features under the influence of external (work of contralateral muscles) and internal (fatigue, blood supply disturbance) factors is determined. Mean power of finger muscular system is maximal when n. medianus and n. ulnaris are stimulated with force not less then two rheobases and stimuli width are not less then 4 ms with finger applied weight of 20–40 g.
Електрофізіологічні кореляти функціональних станів, пов’язаних із фоностимуляцією та слухомоторною діяльністю у чоловіків
Authors: Morenko A. G. 
Published: June 2014

The study involved 104 healthy right-handed, 19–21 years old men withthe right leading ear. The electroencephalogram oscillation amplitude in α1 and α2 subbands and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the superficial flexor and extensor muscles of fingers of both hands are analyzed during auditory stimulation and auditorymotor activities. Changes of the α1 activity power in men reflect the processes of nonspecific activation, α2 – indicate the cognitive and mnestic mechanisms of the cortex control. Established dynamic shifts correlated linearly with complexity of the tasks. In accordance with the activation processes in the cortex supraspinal motor command formed and determined the amount of motor units included in the activity, the frequency and consistency of their discharges.
Будова та кровопостачання L2-S2 дорзальних корінців спинного мозку щурів різного віку
Authors: Popel S. L. 
Published: June 2014

The paper presents information of hystometryc and electron microscopic research of nerve fibres of spinal cord dorsal roots and their blood circulation system of rats in the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The basic types of nerve fibres are revealed and characterized. Their composition which reflects the close morphological mutually causal structure of nerves and ways of blood microcirculatory is shown. It can determine the character of age-specific processes in the dorsal roots.
Composite Structural Mechanics of Dorsal Lamella in Remora Fish
Authors: Culler Michael , Nadler Jason H. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTRemora fish have evolved a unique dorsal pad capable of fast, reversible adhesion to a large range of natural and artificial surfaces. The effectiveness of adhesion is due in part to the pad’s ability to dynamically conform and adapt to the geometry of its host. Simulations based on measured material properties and geometry can provide useful design metrics for biologically inspired design, and furthermore, serve as platform for virtual experiments. The pad itself consists of a lamellar, composite structure composed of mineralized and soft tissue. In this work, finite element models based on μCT scans and measured viscoelastic material properties elucidate the pad’s complex moduli frequency spectrum and response to different loading configurations.
Diamond Films: Recent Developments in Theory and Practice
Authors: Stoneham A.M. , Ford I.J. , Chalker P.R. 
Published: June 2014

The diamond films of the early 1980s presented two quite different challenges. First how could this new form of diamond be exploited technically? Second, how could this clearly nonequilibrium generation of diamond be understood and the understanding be used to maximum effect? We shall be discussing the ideas of theory and modeling, and we will show how they have contributed to the interplay of science and technology.The science of diamond films is the art of beating nature in the use of carbon. Theory gives the understanding to improve this art. One way in which we improve on nature is in new geometries: controlled growth over selected surfaces o surface regions. The coverage, defect density, microstructure, and rate of growth are key issues. Another way to beat nature is controlled doping. Could wmake n-type semiconductors or lasers using diamond films? A third direction might be routes to control interfaces. Grai boundaries and the regions between small, misaligned crystals affect thermal properties and electron emission. Difficulties with electrical contacts may limit the use of diamond films as semiconductors or insulators. Substrate-film adhesion can determine tribological performance.If theory is to play a role in controlling film deposition, we need to understand the role of theory itself. Theory can add value at several distinct levels. At the highest level, modeling has the potential to provide a substitute for experiment, especially when information is needed about behavior at extreme conditions. When the phenomena are very fast or very complex, theory can be used to interpret limited experiments. At a more modest level, even simple quantitative models can illustrate the many processes occurring during film growth. Atomistic theories of this type can identify the rate-determining steps and point to ways of influencing them. Mesoscopic theories, especially combined with macroscopic approaches like elasticity theory, can identify routes to improved performance.
Quasicrystals Perspectives and Potential Applications
Authors: Sordelet Daniel J. , Dubois Jean Marie 
Published: June 2014

For decades scientists have accepted the premise that solid matter can only order in two ways: amorphous (or glassy) like window glass or crystalline with atoms arranged according to translational symmetry. The science of crystallography, now two centuries old, was able to relate in a simple and efficient way all atomic positions within a crystal to a frame of reference in which a single unit cell was defined. Positions within the crystal could all be deduced from the restricted number of positions in the unit cell by translations along vectors formed by a combination of integer numbers of unit vectors of the reference frame. Of course disorder, which is always present in solids, could be understood as some form of disturbance with respect to this rule of construction. Also amorphous solids were naturally referred to as a full breakdown of translational symmetry yet preserving most of the short-range order around atoms. Incommensurate structures, or more simply modulated crystals, could be understood as the overlap of various ordering potentials not necessarily with commensurate periodicities.For so many years, no exception to the canonical rule of crystallography was discovered. Any crystal could be completely described using one unit cell and its set of three basis vectors. In 1848 the French crystallographer Bravais demonstrated that only 14 different ways of arranging atoms exist in three-dimensional space according to translational symmetry. This led to the well-known cubic, hexagonal, tetragonal, and associated structures. Furthermore the dihedral angle between pairs of faces of the unit cell cannot assume just any number since an integer number of unit cells must completely fill space around an edge.
Quasiperiodic Materials: Discovery and Recent Developments
Authors: Shechtman Dan , Lang Candace I. 
Published: June 2014

The mid 1980s benefited from three major scientific announcements that altered our world view on the structure of matter and its properties. These were the discovery of quasiperiodic crystals (QCs), which are commonly referred to as quasicrystals (1984), fullerenes (1985), and high-temperature superconductivity (1986). The discovery of QC was announced to a community active in the mature science of crystallography. Crystallographers, and other scientists who studied the structure of matter and its defects, relied on a series of laws and paradigms undisputed since von Laue performed his first x-ray-diffraction experiments in 1912. One leading paradigm stated that the atomic structure of a crystal is ordered and periodic. Explanations of this paradigm, based oncommon sense, could be summarized as, “It is periodic because it is ordered.”Periodicity implies a set of specific rules, among them the allowed rotational symmetries—namely one-, two-, three-, four-, and sixfold. Fivefold rotational symmetry is excluded. Past textbooks specified this, stating that fivefold rotational symmetry is impossible in periodic structures. Other books stated the impossibility of such symmetry in crystals.Paradigms are based on experience rather than on a rigorous, scientific study process. Therefore when proven wrong, they are difficult to uproot. From 1912 to 1984, nothing shook the paradigm, “Order in crystals is periodicity.” Incommensurate structures challenged the paradigm for a while but were soon found to be a modulation of periodic crystals, saving the paradigm. However in the background, a series of articles broadened the scope of crystallography into hyperspace and prepared the mathematical platform from which the science of quasiperiodicity in crystals could take off.
Birth of a Journal: A Chronicle Reflections on Journal of Materials Research at Its Three-Year Anniversary
Authors: Kaufmann Elton N. 
Published: June 2014

Journal of Materials Research was conceived and launched in less than two years from initial conception and is now in its third year of publication. The Journal's immediate success is a result of its unique purpose and of the meticulous attention given it by a few dozen committed seientists. With little or no Publishing management experience, they were guided by their need for scientific information as they developed a Journal that would fill a void in the literature on advanced materials. The following is a description of the Journal's evolution from inception to the valuable scientific medium it is today.Journal of Materials Research will soon begin its fourth volume, a very satisfying milestone for those of us who helped launch it. The Journal was designed to fill a unique role for researchers and the libraries which serve them. It's worth recounting how the myriad of qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Journal's creation quickly fell into place, for it's a story of dedicated volunteers, lofty goals, and an Organization which itself, at the time, was almost too young to tackle so formidable a task.The Materials Research Society (MRS) was founded in 1973 expressly to provide a forum for reporting scientific research on new materials in an interdisciplinary format, encompassing physical, chemical and engineering developments that all affect the advancement of materials. The opportunities to do this under the auspices of the existing societies at that time were few or nonexistent.
Polyurethane Insulation as a Method of Hydrate Control
Authors: Robinson F.J. , Carlson P.C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
This paper deals with the method employed by Gulf Oil Canada Limited toprevent hydrate formation in pipelining wet sour gas by using apolyurethane-insulated line. The feasibility of using polyurethane insulationis compared to other methods of hydrate control. The design of and handlingproblems associated with polyurethane-insulated line and the installationtechniques devised and successfully employed to cope with the relativelyfragile insulation are discussed. Finally, the actual field performance of theinsulated pipeline is reviewed, and data are presented to substantiate thedesign parameters and predicted performance.

INTRODUCTION
SINCE 1963, The British American Oil Company Limited (now Gulf Oil Canada Ltd.), as operator of Lookout Butte Unit No. 1, has operated a gas cyclingscheme in an attempt to enhance the recovery of pentanes plus from the Rundleformation in the Lookout Butte field in southern Alberta. Permission wassubsequently granted by the Alberta Oil and Gas Conservation Board to terminategas cycling on November 1, 1967, and to produce the reservoir at a rate ofapproximately 90 MMscf/D. The nearest gas plant capable of handling thisproduction is the B.A. Pincher Creek Gas Plant, located in the Pincher Creekfield approximately 14 miles north of thee Lookout Butte field. The relativelocation of these two fields is shown in Figure 1. It became necessary, therefore, to move approximately 90 MMscf/D of sour gas, condensate and water14 miles to the Pincher Creek plant by pipeline.
Multiple climate shifts in the Southern Hemisphere over the past three centuries based on central Antarctic snow pits and core studies
Authors: Ekaykin A.A. , Kozachek A.V. , Lipenkov V.Ya. , Shibaev Yu.A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBased on the results of geochemical and glaciological investigations in snow pits and shallow cores, regional stack series of air temperature in central Antarctica (in the southern part of Vostok Subglacial Lake) were obtained, covering the last 350 years. It is shown that this parameter varied quasi-periodically with a wavelength of 30–50 years. The correlation of the newly obtained record with the circulation indices of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) shows that the central Antarctic climate is mainly governed by the type of circulation in the SH: under conditions of zonal circulation, negative anomalies of temperature and precipitation rate are observed, whereas the sign of the anomalies is positive during meridional circulation. In the 1970s the sign of the relationship between many climatic parameters changed, which is likely related to the rearrangement of the climatic system of the SH. The data suggest that during the past 350 years such events have taken place at least five times. The stable water isotope content of the central Antarctic snow is governed by the summer temperature rather than the mean annual temperature, which is interpreted as the influence of ‘postdepositional’ effects.
PATHOBIOLOGY OF HODGKIN LYMPHOMA
Authors: Agostinelli Claudio , Pileri Stefano 
Published: June 2014

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a lymphoid tumour that represents about 1% of all de novo neoplasms occurring every year worldwide. Its diagnosis is based on the identification of characteristic neoplastic cells within an inflammatory milieu. Molecular studies have shown that most, if not all cases, belong to the same clonal population, which is derived from peripheral B-cells. The relevance of Epstein-Barr virus infection at least in a proportion of patients was also demonstrated. The REAL/WHO classification recognizes a basic distinction between nodular lymphocyte predominance HL (NLPHL) and classic HL (CHL), reflecting the differences in clinical presentation, behavior, morphology, phenotype, molecular features as well as in the composition of their cellular background. CHL has been classified into four subtypes: lymphocyte rich, nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity and lymphocyte depleted. Despite its well known histological and clinical features, Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has recently been the object of intense research activity, leading to a better understanding of its phenotype, molecular characteristics and possible mechanisms of lymphomagenesis.