bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revealing Subsurface Damage Morphology and Patterns in areal Ultrashort Pulse Laser Machining of Glass
Authors: Frank Samson , Reichenbächer Maria , Seiler Michael , Thelemann Dennis , Arnold Thomas , Bliedtner Jens 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMaterial removal rates as well as surface and subsurface quality are key aspects for the industrial application of ultrashort pulse (USP) laser machining. However, revealing so-called subsurface damage (SSD) is challenging. The presented study visualizes and quantifies subsurface damage patterns in areal USP laser ablation of fused silica (FS) and glass N-BK7 (BK). For the first time, using high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) as non-destructive and three-dimensional (3D) evaluation method, SSD morphologies of areal laser machining induced damages are analysed. Influences of laser wavelength, beam geometry and processed material are investigated. Discovered differences of damage morphologies and depth in FS and BK point out the relevance of selecting suitable process parameters. Based on the evaluation of volumetric OCT data, the authors were able to quantify damage morphologies using the surface texture ratio as well as power spectral density functions. One important finding for the quantification and comparability of damage depths in USP laser processing is the influence of applicable evaluation thresholds. In comparison to area thresholds of 0.001% being applicable to OCT measurements, more lenient thresholds of e.g. 1% commonly applied in destructive SSD measurement methods in average result in a reduction of measured damage depths by a factor of ~ 2. This potentially leads to an underestimation of damage depths depending on methods on thresholds used. The presented measurement and evaluation methods as well as gained process insights are important assets for the future optimization of low-damage USP laser micromachining of brittle materials. Moreover, the general applicability and relevance of OCT-based morphological damage analysis in laser material processing is shown.
Development and validation of a predictive model for PACU hypotension in elderly patients undergoing sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy
Authors: Wang Zi , Ma Juan , Liu Xin , Gao Ju 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypotension, characterized by abnormally low blood pressure, is a frequently observed adverse event in sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Although the examination time is typically short, hypotension during and after gastroscopy procedures is frequently overlooked or remains undetected. This study aimed to construct a risk nomogram for post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) hypotension in elderly patients undergoing sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy.

Methods
This study involved 2919 elderly patients who underwent sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy. A preoperative questionnaire was used to collect data on patient characteristics; intraoperative medication use and adverse events were also recorded. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of PACU hypotension in these patients. To achieve this, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis method was used to optimize variable selection, involving cyclic coordinate descent with tenfold cross-validation. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to build a predictive model using the selected predictors from the LASSO regression. A nomogram was visually developed based on these variables. To validate the model, a calibration plot, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used. Additionally, external validation was conducted to further assess the model’s performance.

Results
The LASSO regression analysis identified predictors associated with an increased risk of adverse events during surgery: age, duration of preoperative water abstinence, intraoperative mean arterial pressure (MAP) <65 mmHg, decreased systolic blood pressure (SBP), and use of norepinephrine (NE). The constructed model based on these predictors demonstrated moderate predictive ability, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.710 in the training set and 0.778 in the validation set. The DCA indicated that the nomogram had clinical applicability when the risk threshold ranged between 20 and 82%, which was subsequently confirmed in the external validation with a range of 18–92%.

Conclusion
Incorporating factors such as age, duration of preoperative water abstinence, intraoperative MAP <65 mmHg, decreased SBP, and use of NE in the risk nomogram increased its usefulness for predicting PACU hypotension risk in elderly patient undergoing sedated gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Rank is all you need: development and analysis of robust causal networks
Authors: Cornell Cameron , Mitchell Lewis , Roughan Matthew 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFinancial networks can be constructed to model the intertemporal price dependencies within an asset market, giving rise to a causal network. These networks are traditionally inferred through multivariate predictive modelling. However, the application of these techniques to financial data is highly challenged. The interplay of social and economic factors produces unstable price behaviour that violates most conventional modelling assumptions, limiting the informational content of networks derived from standard inference tools. Despite these limitations, it remains unclear whether the improved accuracy of robustly estimated networks translates into qualitatively unique insight. This study provides an extended analysis of our recently introduced Rank-Vector-Autoregression model, demonstrating its capacity to identify properties that are undetected with standard methodology. We initially validate the superior accuracy of Rank-VAR through a simulation study on processes that contain adversarial abnormalities. When applied to a dataset of 261 cryptocurrencies, our rank network uniquely displays capitalisation-dependent hierarchical ordering, with outgoing influence being positively, and incoming influence negatively correlated to total coin valuation. Applying our method to the squared deviations verifies that even under robust estimation, volatility networks display fundamentally differing dynamics to raw returns, with more connections, clustering, and causal cycles. Our results demonstrate the use of Rank-VAR to identify and verify unique properties in the causal structures of cryptocurrency markets.
The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) as a proxy for sustainable GDP: revisited and recapitulated
Authors: Tsara Iliana K. , Vortelinos Dimitrios I. , Menegaki Angeliki N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this “perspective” type paper is to revisit and recapitulate an existing alternative approach to measuring economic and sustainable GDP (using the ISEW as a proxy) at both national and regional levels. Motivated by the recognized inadequacies of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in capturing true economic welfare, this study highlights the need for comprehensive indicators that reflect genuine prosperity. While GDP has long served as the primary macroeconomic measure of development, it fails to account for genuine progress, prompting the exploration of alternative measures. In recent decades, sustainable development has become a focal point for global, national, and regional economies, highlighted by the United Nations' 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The inability of GDP to capture sustainable welfare has led to the proposal of various alternative indicators in the literature. This study revisits and recapitulates the Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare, first introduced by Daly and Cobb (For the common good: redirecting the economy toward community, the environment, and a sustainable future, Beacon Press, Boston, 1989), which adjusts GDP to better reflect sustainable development. The current “perspective” reviews the application of ISEW across different countries revealing significant insights into the limitations of GDP and the benefits of more holistic measures. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of capturing sustainable economic prosperity at the local level and advocates for the inclusion of cultural aspects as the fourth pillar of sustainable development.
FSBOA: feature selection using bat optimization algorithm for software fault detection
Authors: Pethe Yoginee Surendra , Gourisaria Mahendra Kumar , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Das Himansu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFeature selection (FS) plays a crucial role in software fault prediction (SFP), aiming to identify a subset of relevant and discriminative features from a large pool of software metrics. It serves as a critical preprocessing step in building accurate fault prediction models, enabling the identification of potential software faults early in the development life cycle and facilitating effective resource allocation for testing and maintenance activities. The study's objective is to determine how well the bat optimization algorithm (BOA) can extract the features that are most important for correctly predicting software flaws, improve the accuracy of fault prediction, reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, and mitigate the risk of overfitting, thereby enabling more effective resource utilization and better allocation of testing efforts. The forecasting models underwent testing and training utilizing a collection of software metrics, with the datasets undergoing evaluation using several different FS algorithms. An assessment was conducted by contrasting the effectiveness of multiple optimization algorithms, including evolutionary methods such as FS employing genetic algorithm (FSGA), FS employing differential evolution (FSDE), and swarm-based techniques such as FS employing ant colony optimization (FSACO), FS employing particle swarm optimization (FSPSO), FS employing firefly algorithm (FSFA), and FS employing binary grey wolf optimization algorithm (FSBGWO) in relation to FS employing bat optimization algorithm (FSBAO). The results obtained from FSBAO approach demonstrate the effectiveness in solving FS optimization problems with at most accuracy of 98.92%. Furthermore, the experimental results have been statistically validated for the greater efficiency of the proposed FSBAO algorithm. This study's findings have crucial implications for developing a software failure prediction models that is more accurate and efficient.
Optimized and safe use of topical corticosteroids in pediatric dermatology through interdisciplinary collaboration: a review
Authors: Sreeraj K. , Risana V. U. , Mathew Sandra Rose , Soman Sauparnika , Charyulu R. Narayana , Chandran C. Sarath , Mateti Uday Venkat , Joel Juno J. , Sarin S. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of topical corticosteroids (TCs) in pediatric patients is a common therapeutic approach for various dermatological conditions. However, their application can lead to a spectrum of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), from localized skin changes to systemic effects. Due to factors such as thinner skin, enhanced cutaneous absorption, and developing organ systems, pediatric populations are particularly vulnerable to TCs-led ADRs. The most common ADRs associated with the use of TCs in the pediatric population include skin atrophy, striae, and telangiectasia. Other less common ADRs include allergic contact dermatitis, perioral dermatitis, and systemic effects such as suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, etc. To minimize the possibility of ADRs and unwanted medication reactions, rational and safe use of TCs shall be promoted. Clinical Pharmacists (CPs) play a pivotal role in ensuring appropriate and safe utilization of TCs in pediatric patient care. CPs collaborate with healthcare practitioners to design individualized treatment regimens considering factors such as age, skin type, and medical history. They also educate patients and caregivers on proper TCs application techniques, therapy duration, and potential side effects, thereby facilitating better adherence and treatment outcomes. Clinical research specific to pediatric populations is essential to provide precise insights into TCs effectiveness and safety, accounting for age-related variations and long-term consequences. TCs represent a valuable tool in pediatric dermatology, but their use requires careful consideration of the risks and benefits, active involvement of CPs, regulatory measures, and ongoing research to optimize therapy outcomes and safety in pediatric patients.
The potential negative impacts of pet guardianship on the guardian, a scoping review
Authors: Zoanetti Joshua , Nielsen Torben Dahl , Hazel Susan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe human-animal bond can lead to a highly positive experience for both the guardian and the animal, nonetheless there is a need to be cognisant of the potential negative aspects this relationship may pose. This scoping review aimed to systematically identify the potential negative guardian aspects associated with pet guardianship and their causative factors, to facilitate a greater understanding and address and minimise these aspects. Through the online databases Scopus, ProQuest and PubMed, a systematic search was conducted, with 6871 sources identified, screened to 76 final sources for inclusion. Numerous potential negative aspects of pet guardianship were identified. The most documented were perceived cost, burden of care and negative aspects of caretaking, followed by grief, negative effects on guardian life satisfaction, and increases in guardian stress, anxiety and/or depression levels. Guardian concern and relinquishment, and disenfranchised guilt about dog parenting were also identified as negative aspects of guardianship. These negative aspects were brought about by various causative factors, such as problem behaviours, caring for a sick or aging pet, the burden of everyday care, and the death of a pet. Whilst integral to the lives of their guardians and providing many positive impacts, the pet guardian relationship is not without challenges. Through further research, particularly regarding the financial constraints that pets may pose for guardians, we can continue to facilitate an overall positive experience for both the guardian and their pet.
Evaluating TROPOMI δD Column Retrievals With In Situ Airborne Field Campaign Measurements Using Expanded Collocation Criterion
Authors: Thurnherr Iris , Sodemann Harald , Trent Tim , Werner Martin , Bösch Hartmut 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSatellite observations of column‐averaged water isotopes are relatively new retrieval products that are in need of further in situ evaluation. Such evaluation studies are generally difficult to perform due to the wide mismatch in temporal and spatial scales between the satellite observations based on instantaneous pixel averages during an overpass and airborne in situ measurements ranging up to several hours over a km‐scale. In addition, topography, weather conditions and in particular cloudiness impose severe constraints on an exact collocation between satellite and airborne in situ measurement platforms. Here we present a new method that allows a comparison between in situ measurements and satellite observations of δD on a broader statistical basis. We use regional isotope‐enabled model simulations as intermediate information to identify the area for best comparisons. Applying our methodology to TROPOMI total column δD retrievals for the L‐WAIVE campaign in Annecy, France, during June 2019 increases the number of satellite pixels for comparison despite widespread cloudiness on average by a factor of 20. In addition, the comparison of simulated and observed δD revealed a dependency of the satellite evaluation on the structure of the middle and upper troposphere. We conclude that our method provides a more robust statistic basis for in situ evaluation of δD satellite retrievals. The method will thus be useful in planning and executing forthcoming validation and evaluation campaigns, and can potentially be used for the evaluation of other satellite products.
Spatiotemporal Development of Cosmic Noise Absorption at Subauroral Latitudes Using Multipoint Ground‐Based Riometers
Authors: Kato Yuto , Shiokawa Kazuo , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Ozaki Mitsunori , Kadokura Akira , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Oinats Alexey , Connors Martin , Baishev Dmitry 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectron density enhancements in the ionospheric D‐region due to the precipitation of high‐energy electrons (>30 keV) have been measured as increases in cosmic radio noise absorption (CNA) using ground‐based riometers. CNA has been studied since the 1960s. However, there have been few studies of the spatiotemporal development of CNA at multi‐point ground stations distributed in longitude at subauroral latitudes, where plasma particles with a wide energy range are intermingled. In this study, we analyzed the longitudinal development of CNA steep increases using simultaneous riometer observations at six stations at subauroral latitudes in Canada, Alaska, Russia, and Iceland over 3 years from 2017 to 2020. The results revealed that the occurrence rate of steep increases in CNA was highest at midnight at 22‐08 magnetic local time (MLT), and lowest near dusk at 17–21 MLT. We also showed statistically that the CNA steep increases expanded eastward on the dawn side and westward on the dusk side. The CNA expansion velocity was slightly faster than the results of previous studies in the auroral zone. Correlation and superposed epoch analyses of CNA with solar wind and geomagnetic parameters revealed that CNA intensity was dependent on the Interplanetary Magnetic Field Bz, Interplanetary Electric Field Ey, SYM‐H index, and SME index. These results indicate that the CNA at subauroral latitudes is closely related to solar wind and geomagnetic activities, and its propagation characteristics correspond to the dynamics of high energy electrons in the inner magnetosphere.
Simultaneous Inference of Sea Ice State and Surface Emissivity Model Using Machine Learning and Data Assimilation
Authors: Geer Alan J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSatellite microwave radiance observations are strongly sensitive to sea ice, but physical descriptions of the radiative transfer of sea ice and snow are incomplete. Further, the radiative transfer is controlled by poorly‐known microstructural properties that vary strongly in time and space. A consequence is that surface‐sensitive microwave observations are not assimilated over sea ice areas, and sea ice retrievals use heuristic rather than physical methods. An empirical model for sea ice radiative transfer would be helpful but it cannot be trained using standard machine learning techniques because the inputs are mostly unknown. The solution is to simultaneously train the empirical model and a set of empirical inputs: an “empirical state” method, which draws on both generative machine learning and physical data assimilation methodology. A hybrid physical‐empirical network describes the known and unknown physics of sea ice and atmospheric radiative transfer. The network is then trained to fit a year of radiance observations from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2, using the atmospheric profiles, skin temperature and ocean water emissivity taken from a weather forecasting system. This process estimates maps of the daily sea ice concentration while also learning an empirical model for the sea ice emissivity. The model learns to define its own empirical input space along with daily maps of these empirical inputs. These maps represent the otherwise unknown microstructural properties of the sea ice and snow that affect the radiative transfer. This “empirical state” approach could be used to solve many other problems of earth system data assimilation.
Tunable single emitter-cavity coupling strength through waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhou Hongwei , Lin Linhan , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe emitter-cavity strong coupling manifests crucial significance for exploiting quantum technology, especially in the scale of individual emitters. However, due to the small light-matter interaction cross-section, the single emitter-cavity strong coupling has been limited by its harsh requirement on the quality factor of the cavity and the local density of optical states. Herein, we present a strategy termed waveguide-assisted energy quantum transfer (WEQT) to improve the single emitter-cavity coupling strength by extending the interaction cross-section. Multiple ancillary emitters are optically linked by a waveguide, providing an indirect coupling channel to transfer the energy quantum between target emitter and cavity. An enhancement factor of coupling strength $$\widetilde{g}/g > 10$$

g

̃

/
g
>
10

can be easily achieved, which dramatically release the rigorous design of cavity. As an extension of concept, we further show that the ancillae can be used as controlling bits for a photon gate, opening up new degrees of freedom in quantum manipulation.
Targeting valine catabolism to inhibit metabolic reprogramming in prostate cancer
Authors: Bidgood Charles L. , Philp Lisa K. , Rockstroh Anja , Lehman Melanie , Nelson Colleen C. , Sadowski Martin C. , Gunter Jennifer H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming and energetic rewiring are hallmarks of cancer that fuel disease progression and facilitate therapy evasion. The remodelling of oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced lipogenesis have previously been characterised as key metabolic features of prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, succinate-dependent mitochondrial reprogramming was identified in high-grade prostate tumours, as well as upregulation of the enzymes associated with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. In this study, we hypothesised that the degradation of the BCAAs, particularly valine, may play a critical role in anapleurotic refuelling of the mitochondrial succinate pool, as well as the maintenance of intracellular lipid metabolism. Through the suppression of BCAA availability, we report significantly reduced lipid content, strongly indicating that BCAAs are important lipogenic fuels in PCa. This work also uncovered a novel compensatory mechanism, whereby fatty acid uptake is increased in response to extracellular valine deprivation. Inhibition of valine degradation via suppression of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase (HIBCH) resulted in a selective reduction of malignant prostate cell proliferation, decreased intracellular succinate and impaired cellular respiration. In combination with a comprehensive multi-omic investigation that incorporates next-generation sequencing, metabolomics, and high-content quantitative single-cell imaging, our work highlights a novel therapeutic target for selective inhibition of metabolic reprogramming in PCa.
SANTO: a coarse-to-fine alignment and stitching method for spatial omics
Authors: Li Haoyang , Lin Yingxin , He Wenjia , Han Wenkai , Xu Xiaopeng , Xu Chencheng , Gao Elva , Zhao Hongyu , Gao Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the flourishing of spatial omics technologies, alignment and stitching of slices becomes indispensable to decipher a holistic view of 3D molecular profile. However, existing alignment and stitching methods are unpractical to process large-scale and image-based spatial omics dataset due to extreme time consumption and unsatisfactory accuracy. Here we propose SANTO, a coarse-to-fine method targeting alignment and stitching tasks for spatial omics. SANTO firstly rapidly supplies reasonable spatial positions of two slices and identifies the overlap region. Then, SANTO refines the positions of two slices by considering spatial and omics patterns. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the superior performance of SANTO over existing methods. Specifically, SANTO stitches cross-platform slices for breast cancer samples, enabling integration of complementary features to synergistically explore tumor microenvironment. SANTO is then applied to 3D-to-3D spatiotemporal alignment to study development of mouse embryo. Furthermore, SANTO enables cross-modality alignment of spatial transcriptomic and epigenomic data to understand complementary interactions.