bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term results of dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis for the treatment of chronic scapholunate instability
Authors: Megerle K. , Bertel D. , Germann G. , Lehnhardt M. , Hellmich S. 
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and radiological outcomes of dorsal intercarpal ligament capsulodesis for the treatment of static scapholunate instability at a minimum follow-up of four years. A total of 59 patients who underwent capsulodesis for this condition were included in a retrospective analysis after a mean of 8.25 years (4.3 to 12). A total of eight patients underwent a salvage procedure at a mean of 2.33 years (0.67 to 7.6) and were excluded. The mean range of extension/flexion was 88° (15° to 135°) and of ulnar/radial deviation was 38° (0° to 75°) at final follow-up. The mean Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score and Mayo wrist scores were 28 (0 to 85) and 61 (0 to 90), respectively. After significant improvement immediately post-operatively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), the mean scapholunate and radiolunate angles deteriorated to 70° (40° to 90°) and 8° (-15° to 25°), respectively, at final follow-up, which were not significantly different from their pre-operative values (p = 0.6 and p = 0.4, respectively). The mean carpal height index decreased significantly from 1.53 (1.38 to 1.65) to 1.48 (1.29 to 1.65) indicating progressive carpal collapse (p < 0.001); 40 patients (78%) had radiological evidence of degenerative arthritis.Capsulodesis did not maintain carpal reduction over time. Although the consequent ongoing scapholunate instability resulted in early arthritic degeneration, most patients had acceptable long-term function of the wrist.
The design of the acetabular component and size of the femoral head influence the risk of revision following 34 721 single-brand cemented hip replacements
Authors: Jameson S. S. , Baker P. N. , Mason J. , Gregg P. J. , Brewster N. , Deehan D. J. , Reed M. R. 
Published: November 2012

Despite excellent results, the use of cemented total hip replacement (THR) is declining. This retrospective cohort study records survival time to revision following primary cemented THR using the most common combination of components that accounted for almost a quarter of all cemented THRs, exploring risk factors independently associated with failure. All patients with osteoarthritis who had an Exeter V40/Contemporary THR (Stryker) implanted before 31 December 2010 and recorded in the National Joint Registry for England and Wales were included in the analysis. Cox’s proportional hazard models were used to analyse the extent to which risk of revision was related to patient, surgeon and implant covariates, with a significance threshold of p < 0.01. A total of 34 721 THRs were included in the study. The overall seven-year rate of revision for any reason was 1.70% (99% confidence interval (CI) 1.28 to 2.12). In the final adjusted model the risk of revision was significantly higher in THRs with the Contemporary hooded component (hazard ratio (HR) 1.88, p < 0.001) than with the flanged version, and in smaller head sizes (< 28 mm) compared with 28 mm diameter heads (HR 1.50, p = 0.005). The seven-year revision rate was 1.16% (99% CI 0.69 to 1.63) with a 28 mm diameter head and flanged component. The overall risk of revision was independent of age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, body mass index, surgeon volume, surgical approach, brand of cement/presence of antibiotic, femoral head material (stainless steel/alumina) and stem taper size/offset. However, the risk of revision for dislocation was significantly higher with a ‘plus’ offset head (HR 2.05, p = 0.003) and a hooded acetabular component (HR 2.34, p < 0.001). In summary, we found that there were significant differences in failure between different designs of acetabular component and sizes of femoral head after adjustment for a range of covariates.
Total meniscectomy in adolescents
Authors: Pengas I. P. , Assiotis A. , Nash W. , Hatcher J. , Banks J. , McNicholas M. J. 
Published: November 2012

We continued a prospective longitudinal follow-up study of 53 remaining patients who underwent open total meniscectomy as adolescents and who at that time had no other intra-articular pathology of the knee. Their clinical, radiological and patient-reported outcomes are described at a mean follow-up of 40 years (33 to 50). The cohort of patients who had undergone radiological evaluation previously after 30 years were invited for clinical examination, radiological evaluation and review using two patient-reported outcome measures.A total of seven patients (13.2%) had already undergone total knee replacement at the time of follow-up. A significant difference was observed between the operated and non-operated knee in terms of range of movement and osteoarthritis of the tibiofemoral joint, indicating a greater than fourfold relative risk of osteoarthritis at 40 years post-operatively. All patients were symptomatic as defined by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score.This study represents the longest follow-up to date and it can be concluded that meniscectomy leads to symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee later in life, with a resultant 132-fold increase in the rate of total knee replacement in comparison to their geographical and age-matched peers.
Is pituitary TSH an adequate measure of thyroid hormone-controlled homoeostasis during thyroxine treatment?
Authors: Hoermann Rudolf , Midgley John E M , Larisch Rolf , Dietrich Johannes W 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveIn recognition of its primary role in pituitary–thyroid feedback, TSH determination has become a key parameter for clinical decision–making. This study examines the value of TSH as a measure of thyroid hormone homoeostasis under thyroxine (T4) therapy.Design and methodsWe have examined the interrelationships between free triiodothyronine (FT3), free T4 (FT4) and pituitary TSH by means of i) a retrospective analysis of a large clinical sample comprising 1994 patients either untreated or on varying doses of l-T4 and ii) independent mathematical simulation applying a model of thyroid homoeostasis, together with a sensitivity analysis.ResultsOver a euthyroid to mildly hyperthyroid functional range, we found markedly different correlation slopes of log TSH vs FT3 and FT4 between untreated patients and l-T4 groups. Total deiodinase activity (GD) was positively correlated with TSH in untreated subjects. However, GD was significantly altered and the correlation was lost under increasing l-T4 doses. Ninety-five per cent confidence intervals for FT3 and FT4, when assessed in defined TSH concentration bands, differed significantly for l-T4-treated compared with untreated patients. Higher doses were often needed to restore FT3 levels within its reference range. Sensitivity analysis revealed the influence of various structural parameters on pituitary TSH secretion including an important role of pituitary deiodinase type 2.ConclusionThe data reveal disjoints between FT4–TSH feedback and T3 production that persist even when sufficient T4 apparently restores euthyroidism. T4 treatment displays a compensatory adaptation but does not completely re-enact normal euthyroid physiology. This invites a study of the clinical consequences of this disparity.
Evolutionary Rate Covariation in Meiotic Proteins Results from Fluctuating Evolutionary Pressure in Yeasts and Mammals
Authors: Clark Nathan L , Alani Eric , Aquadro Charles F 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEvolutionary rates of functionally related proteins tend to change in parallel over evolutionary time. Such evolutionary rate covariation (ERC) is a sequence-based signature of coevolution and a potentially useful signature to infer functional relationships between proteins. One major hypothesis to explain ERC is that fluctuations in evolutionary pressure acting on entire pathways cause parallel rate changes for functionally related proteins. To explore this hypothesis we analyzed ERC within DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and meiosis proteins over phylogenies of 18 yeast species and 22 mammalian species. We identified a strong signature of ERC between eight yeast proteins involved in meiotic crossing over, which seems to have resulted from relaxation of constraint specifically in Candida glabrata. These and other meiotic proteins in C. glabrata showed marked rate acceleration, likely due to its apparently clonal reproductive strategy and the resulting infrequent use of meiotic proteins. This correlation between change of reproductive mode and change in constraint supports an evolutionary pressure origin for ERC. Moreover, we present evidence for similar relaxations of constraint in additional pathogenic yeast species. Mammalian MMR and meiosis proteins also showed statistically significant ERC; however, there was not strong ERC between crossover proteins, as observed in yeasts. Rather, mammals exhibited ERC in different pathways, such as piRNA-mediated defense against transposable elements. Overall, if fluctuation in evolutionary pressure is responsible for ERC, it could reveal functional relationships within entire protein pathways, regardless of whether they physically interact or not, so long as there was variation in constraint on that pathway.
The Effect of Nonindependent Mate Pairing on the Effective Population Size
Authors: Evans Ben J , Charlesworth Brian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe effective population size (Ne) quantifies the effectiveness of genetic drift in finite populations. When generations overlap, theoretical expectations for Ne typically assume that the sampling of offspring genotypes from a given individual is independent among successive breeding events, even though this is not true in many species, including humans. To explore the effects on Ne of nonindependent mate pairing across breeding events, we simulated the genetic drift of mitochondrial DNA, autosomal DNA, and sex chromosome DNA under three mating systems. Nonindependent mate pairing across breeding seasons has no effect when all adults mate pair for life, a small or moderate effect when females reuse stored sperm, and a large effect when there is intense male–male competition for reproduction in a harem social system. If adult females reproduce at a constant rate irrespective of the type of mate pairing, the general effect of nonindependent mate pairing is to decrease Ne for paternally inherited components of the genome. These findings have significant implications for the relative Ne values of different genomic regions, and hence for the expected levels of DNA sequence diversity in these regions.
Protective Factors Can Mitigate Behavior Problems After Prenatal Cocaine and Other Drug Exposures
Authors: Bada Henrietta S. , Bann Carla M. , Whitaker Toni M. , Bauer Charles R. , Shankaran Seetha , LaGasse Linda , Lester Barry M. , Hammond Jane , Higgins Rosemary 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND:We determined the role of risk and protective factors on the trajectories of behavior problems associated with high prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE)/polydrug exposure.METHODS:The Maternal Lifestyle Study enrolled 1388 children with or without PCE, assessed through age 15 years. Because most women using cocaine during pregnancy also used other substances, we analyzed for the effects of 4 categories of prenatal drug exposure: high PCE/other drugs (OD), some PCE/OD, OD/no PCE, and no PCE/no OD. Risks and protective factors at individual, family, and community levels that may be associated with behavior outcomes were entered stepwise into latent growth curve models, then replaced by cumulative risk and protective indexes, and finally by a combination of levels of risk and protective indexes. Main outcome measures were the trajectories of externalizing, internalizing, total behavior, and attention problems scores from the Child Behavior Checklist (parent).RESULTS:A total of 1022 (73.6%) children had known outcomes. High PCE/OD significantly predicted externalizing, total, and attention problems when considering the balance between risk and protective indexes. Some PCE/OD predicted externalizing and attention problems. OD/no PCE also predicted behavior outcomes except for internalizing behavior. High level of protective factors was associated with declining trajectories of problem behavior scores over time, independent of drug exposure and risk index scores.CONCLUSIONS:High PCE/OD is a significant risk for behavior problems in adolescence; protective factors may attenuate its detrimental effects. Clinical practice and public health policies should consider enhancing protective factors while minimizing risks to improve outcomes of drug-exposed children.
The Effect of an Osmotic Contrast Agent on Complete Meconium Evacuation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Haiden Nadja , Norooz Florentine , Klebermass-Schrehof Kathrin , Horak Anna Sophie , Jilma Bernd , Berger Angelika , Repa Andreas 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVE:To determine whether enteral application of the osmotic contrast agent Gastrografin accelerates complete meconium excretion and improves feeding tolerance in very low birth weight infants.METHODS:This study was a stratified, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in premature infants with a birth weight &lt;1500 g and a gestational age &lt;32 weeks who received 3 mL/kg Gastrografin diluted 1:3 with water within their first 24 hours of life, or placebo.RESULTS:Passage of last meconium occurred after a median of 7 days (95% confidence interval: 6–9 days, n = 39) in the intervention group and after 8 days (95% confidence interval: 7–10 days, n = 39) in the control group (P = .61); however, Gastrografin application was associated with a 7.5-day shorter time to full enteral feedings, a 24-day shorter stay in the NICU, and a 17-day reduction in the overall hospital stay in the intervention group compared with the control group. A numerically higher incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (21%) was observed in the intervention group, however.CONCLUSIONS:Gastrografin application did not accelerate meconium evacuation, but the higher stool frequency during the first week of life had a beneficial effect on the time to full enteral feedings and later hospital stay; however, it may increase the necrotizing enterocolitis risk. Further investigations are needed with modified protocols, and the prophylactic use of Gastrografin cannot currently be recommended without further clinical trials.
Theoretical Breast Cancer Induction Risk From Thoracic Spine CT in Female Pediatric Trauma Patients
Authors: Egan Kelly R. , Muchow Ryan D. , Peppler Walter W. , Anderson Paul A. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVES:
To quantify the radiation dose received during thoracic spine computed tomography (CT) versus plain radiographs as well as the theoretical risk of breast cancer induction in a pediatric trauma population.

METHODS:
A retrospective evaluation of 179 female pediatric trauma patients who received CT or plain radiographs for clearance of the thoracic spine was performed. Subjects were secondarily grouped as children (0–&lt;12 years) or adolescents (≥12–17.9 years). Radiation doses were calculated by using the ImPACT Patient Dosimetry Calculator. Excess absolute risk (EAR) of induction of breast cancer was determined by multiplying the radiation dose by breast cancer induction rates taken from the National Academy's Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation Committee’s seventh report.

RESULTS:
The average radiation dose to the breast from a thoracic spine CT was 41.1 (SD 11.4) mSv and 1.8 (SD 0.9) mSv for plain radiographs. The EAR for plain radiographs was 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.48–2.85) excess cases of breast cancer per 10 000 studies for female children and 1.4 (95% CI 1.14–1.55) for female adolescents. The breast cancer EAR for thoracic spine CT was significantly higher –79.6 (95% CI 58.6–100.5) and 45.8 (95% CI 42.0–49.6) excess cases per 10 000 scans for female children and adolescents, respectively. There was a substantially higher risk of breast cancer induction for children receiving thoracic spine CT compared with adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS:
CT clearance of the thoracic spine in the pediatric trauma patient results in a high dose of radiation and an age-dependent increase in theoretical breast cancer induction.
Collaborative Role of the Pediatrician in the Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar Disorder in Adolescents
Authors: Shain Benjamin N. ,   COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, Braverman Paula K. , Adelman William P. , Breuner Cora C. , Levine David A. , Marcell Arik V. , Murray Pamela J. , O’Brien Rebecca F. 
Published: November 2012

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed September 2021.
Despite the complexity of diagnosis and management, pediatricians have an important collaborative role in referring and partnering in the management of adolescents with bipolar disorder. This report presents the classification of bipolar disorder as well as interviewing and diagnostic guidelines. Treatment options are described, particularly focusing on medication management and rationale for the common practice of multiple, simultaneous medications. Medication adverse effects may be problematic and better managed with collaboration between mental health professionals and pediatricians. Case examples illustrate a number of common diagnostic and management issues.
Supporting the Family After the Death of a Child
Authors: Wender Esther ,   THE COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH, Siegel Benjamin S. , Dobbins Mary I. , Garner Andrew S. , McGuinn Laura J. , Pascoe John , Wood David L. , Yogman Michael W. 
Published: November 2012

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed September 2021.
The death of a child can have a devastating effect on the family. The pediatrician has an important role to play in supporting the parents and any siblings still in his or her practice after such a death. Pediatricians may be poorly prepared to provide this support. Also, because of the pain of confronting the grief of family members, they may be reluctant to become involved. This statement gives guidelines to help the pediatrician provide such support. It describes the grief reactions that can be expected in family members after the death of a child. Ways of supporting family members are suggested, and other helpful resources in the community are described. The goal of this guidance is to prevent outcomes that may impair the health and development of affected parents and children.
Comparative studies on photovoltaic performance of InN nanostructures/p-Si(100) heterojunction devices grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Bhat Thirumaleshwara N , Rajpalke Mohana K , Kumar Mahesh , Roul Basanta , Krupanidhi S B 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTComparative studies have been carried out on the performance of the photovoltaic devices with dissimilar shapes of the InN nanostructures fabricated on p-Si (100). The devices fabricated with the nanodots show a superior performance compared to the devices fabricated with the nanorods. The discussions have been carried out on the superior junction property, larger effective junction area and inherent random pyramidal topographical texture of the cell fabricated with nanodots. Such single junction devices exhibit a promising fill factor and external quantum efficiency of 38% and 27%, respectively, under concentrated AM1.5 illumination.
Low Cost Environmental Sensors Using Zinc Oxide Nanowires and Nanostructures
Authors: Kiasari Nima Mohseni , Soltanian Saeid , Gholamkhass Bobak , Servati Peyman 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTZinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NW) are grown on both silicon and sapphire substrates using conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. As-grown nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the results confirm high-quality c-axis growth of single-crystalline zinc oxide nanowires. Nanowire are dispersed in solvent and then placed between micro-patterned gold electrodes fabricated on silicon wafers using low cost and scalable dielectrophoresis (DEP) process for fabrication of oxygen and humidity sensors. These sensors are characterized in a vacuum chamber connected to a semiconductor analyzer. Current-voltage characteristics of each device are systematically investigated under different hydrostatic pressure of various gaseous environments such as nitrogen, argon, dry and humid air. It is observed that the electrical conductivity of the nanowires is significantly dependent on the number of oxygen and water molecules adsorbed to the surface of the metal oxide nanowire. These results are critical for development of low cost metal oxide sensors for high performance ubiquitous environmental sensors of oxygen and humidity.
Role of Surface Oxide Layer during CO2 Reduction at Copper Electrodes
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Chun , Bugayong Joel , Griffin Gregory L. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe have compared the rates of CO formation on Cu and Cu oxide surfaces during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 in aqueous media. On metallic Cu surfaces, H2 formation is the main reaction at potentials less cathodic than –1.16 V(NHE). At this potential the formation of CO becomes significant, while CH4 appears at potentials more cathodic than –1.36 V(NHE). On electrodeposited Cu oxide surfaces there is a complex transient response. During reduction at constant potential (–1.1 V(NHE)), there is a large, transient cathodic current that corresponds to reduction of the oxide layer. After this initial oxide reduction, the current density stabilizes and the formation rates of H2 and CO show a more slowly varying transient behavior. The H2 formation rate is roughly 3x higher than on freshly cleaned Cu foil, but is largely independent of the thickness of the initial oxide layer. In contrast, the CO formation rate is at least one order of magnitude higher on the (reduced) Cu oxide samples than on Cu foil at the same potential. These results are interpreted as evidence that CO formation is enhanced at low-coordination number Cu sites present on freshly nucleated Cu clusters following oxide reduction.
Selection and Successful Application of Jet Pumps in Mangala Oil field: A Case Study
Authors: Chavan C. , Jha M. , Singh M. K. , Singh R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the selection, field application and performance monitoring of jet pumps in the giant Mangala field situated in the Barmer basin in Rajasthan, India. The field contains more than a billion barrel of STOIIP (Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place) in high-quality reservoirs. The field was brought on production in August 2009 and is currently producing at a plateau of 150,000 bopd. Mangala field is characterized by multi-Darcy rocks with mix to oil wet characteristics. The oil is waxy and viscous, with wax appearance temperatures close to reservoir temperature.
Jet pump has been selected as the preferred artificial lift method for the deviated wells. The base development plan included hot water flooding; this makes water heated up to 85 °C available at the well pads as power fluid for jet pumping. In order to prevent exposure of carbon steel production casing to corrosive reservoir fluid, the jet pumping process involves pumping the power fluid down the annulus and taking returns through the tubing.
The results have indicated that the jet pumps are giving required drawdown, thereby restoring the liquid productivity of the wells. In addition to restoring well production, jet pumping has also been used as an effective and fast method for cleanup of deviated wells completed with sand screens. The real time monitoring of the jet pump parameters, using Digital Oil Field (DOF), has immensely helped in efficient monitoring the pump performance and reducing the response time in case of problems.
Jet pump application has helped in restoring the deliverability of wells at high water cut for such a viscous crude. Further analysis of the pump behavior will provide insight for efficiently operating these pumps which is critical for maximizing recovery from the field at higher water cuts.