bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A POLÍTICA DE ALDEIAS COMUNAIS COMO PROPOSTA DE URBANIZAÇÃO DO MEIO RURAL NO MOÇAMBIQUE SOCIALISTA (1975-1986)
Authors: ARMANDO CARDOSO 
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo versa sobre a política de aldeias comunais como proposta de urbanização do meio rural no Moçambique socialista (1975-1986). O objetivo é compreender o processo da implementação da política das aldeias comunais a partir da experiência da FRELIMO[1] nas zonas libertadas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, alicerçada no método bibliográfico. A pesquisa concluiu que em Moçambique, a política das aldeias comunais, por um lado, surge como forma de organização da população camponesa e de controle da mesma para facilitar o provimento de serviços sociais básicos. Por outro, tinha em vista a redistribuição inter-regional da população rural, tendo em conta uma relação equilibrada com os recursos naturais, a reorganização local das formas de assentamentos humanos rurais urbanizados e o abrandamento do êxodo rural que sufocava as cidades e as vilas em busca de melhores condições que o campo não oferecia.

[1] Frente de Libertação de Moçambique.
Challenges and Opportunities in the Livestock Industry for higher productivity and sustainability: The case of Albania
Authors: Risilia Dori , Myslimi Grisejda 
Published: July 2024

The livestock sector plays an important role in the economic development of the country. This sector is a source of income and employment for many Albanian families who live mainly in rural areas. A large part of the population in our country deals with livestock. But regardless of all the contributions that livestock makes to the food chain, financial sustainability, and the entire economy, this sector faces many challenges. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire to identify these challenges was constructed. The questionnaire contains questions with answers on the Likert scale, is addressed to livestock farmers in Albania, and serves to identify the main challenges affecting the livestock sector. The questionnaire divided the challenges of the livestock sector into five parts, including animal welfare and livestock production, sustainable practices and environmental sustainability, market challenges, information, communication technologies and livestock marketing challenges, and challenges of innovations in livestock production.
Animal welfare affects the productivity of the livestock sector. The risk of the spread of epidemic diseases and the high costs of vaccination and medications are a concern for Albanian farmers, who often have difficulties ensuring sustainable profits. In recent years, the livestock sector has faced high input costs. Lack of infrastructure also hinders the efficiency of the livestock sector.
The need for sustainable practices and environmental sustainability demands more attention. While farmers want to adopt sustainable livestock methods, they face difficulties in implementing them. Unpredictable livestock prices complicate financial planning for farmers. In addition, small farms face challenges competing with larger ones. Farmers face difficulties in becoming part of new markets due to a lack of effective marketing channels. The lack of a labor force is the biggest challenge that the livestock sector in Albania is facing.
Innovation often serves to solve many problems in the livestock sector. Farmers use new technologies to increase livestock productivity. But the use of new technologies requires knowledge, which Albanian farmers often don’t have. They do not have the proper education to understand and apply these technologies. In conclusion, this paper aims to highlight the various problems faced by the livestock sector. Overcoming these problems by dealing directly with them can increase the productivity of the livestock sector, ensuring a better future for the industry.
Hermenêutica do desenvolvimento: O direito ao desenvolvimento e suas funções de integração, de controle e de interpretação
Authors: Oliveira Danilo de 
Published: July 2024

O presente texto[1] apresenta os fundamentos da juridicidade do fenômeno do desenvolvimento, compreendido como um direito humano fundamental, em dois âmbitos: no do direito internacional e no do direito brasileiro. Ainda, expõe algumas de suas características, verdadeiras diretrizes do seu bom entendimento (objetivos). Ele é fruto de uma pesquisa tendente a apresentar uma teoria hermenêutica do desenvolvimento (hipótese), motivada pelo debate persistentemente presente na Teoria do Direito, sobre qual seria o método adequado para, superando o da subsunção, a interpretação e aplicação das normas jurídicas que tenham como finalidade o reconhecimento, a tutela, a efetividade e, ainda, a otimização dos direitos humanos. Os métodos de coleta das informações foram o documental e o bibliográfico. O método de análise dos dados foi o da revisão crítico-narrativa. Do ponto de vista filosófico ou geral de abordagem, a presente pesquisa amparou-se no estruturalismo hermenêutico. (metodologia utilizada). Uma vez compreendido o desenvolvimento como um direito humano fundamental, pode-se enxergar três funções que possibilitam estruturar uma teoria hermenêutica do desenvolvimento (resultados alcançados). O direito humano fundamental ao desenvolvimento possui características e funções que sustentam uma Nova Hermenêutica, compatível com os anseios da efetividade e da otimização dos direitos humanos: a hermenêutica do desenvolvimento (considerações finais).

[1] Parte do presente texto, embora revista e aperfeiçoada, integrou originalmente a tese de doutoramento defendida pelo autor junto à Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP), intitulada “Uma Teoria Jurídica Hermenêutica Desenvolvimentista”, aprovada por banca avaliadora composta pelos Profs. Drs. Felipe Chiarello de Souza Pinto (Mackenzie), Fernando Reverendo Vidal Akaoui (UNISANTA), Vidal Serrano Nunes Júnior (PUC-SP), Wagner Balera (PUC-SP) e Motauri Ciocchetti de Souza (PUC-SP), orientador.
Religious Minority and Peaceful Coexistence: The Dynamics of the Ahmadiyya Community in Malang, Indonesia
Authors: Widiyanto Asfa , Setiawan Mohamad Nur Kholis , Rohmat Nur Fajriyah , Maesur Sidqon 
Published: July 2024

The position of the Ahmadiyya is problematic since it claims to be a part of the Muslim community, but it is considered a deviant sect by the mainstream Sunni Muslims in Indonesia. There has been persecution and violence towards this minority. The violence towards the Ahmadiyya increased most notably after the issuance of a joint ministerial decree in 2008, which limits the activities and proselytization of the Ahmadiyya. Interestingly, although affected by the national and regional discourse on the Ahmadiyya, the Ahmadiyya community in Malang, East Java, still lives peacefully with other faith communities. By employing qualitative content analysis, the present study examines the dynamics of the Ahmadiyya as a religious minority in the context of a plural society in Malang, East Java. More specifically, it investigates two main research problems, namely the Ahmadiyya community’s agency in response to the limitation of their activities and the socio-political and socio-religious factors relatively supporting peaceful life of the Ahmadiyya community. This study reveals a distinct picture that stays in contrast to the majority of Ahmadiyya communities in Indonesia, which is often associated with discrimination and persecution.
Special Issue on The Resilience Research Council of Japan
Authors: Tanaka Kazuaki 
Published: July 2024

We are glad that this special issue takes up the activities of The Resilience Research Council of Japan (RRCJ). Twelve years have passed since the founding of the RRCJ. In addition to regular meetings at which experts from various fields participate in disseminating information, one of the RRCJ’s main activities is holding study groups to delve deeply into specific aspects of disaster preparedness.
To respond to the intensification and frequent occurrence of disasters in recent years, it is urgent to review existing measures against disasters and business continuity plans (BCPs). Furthermore, comprehensive and flexible strategies should be developed to enhance disaster resilience. Each study in this special issue provides new perspectives and clues on this problem.
First, the existing BCPs lack concrete measures from the perspectives of individual corporate departments and employees. To tackle this problem, new procedures are proposed to formulate BCPs based on the questions “What if?” and “What when?” This is expected to increase the effectiveness of BCPs.
Second and third, comprehensive methods for evaluating resilience are lacking. As a result of an examination of the 13 current indexes of “Resilient Organizations” and the “Organization Resilience Index” of the British Standards Institution, it is revealed that some important elements are absent from the evaluation of corporate resilience. By complementing the corporate resilience model with these elements, the model can be improved.
Furthermore, local governments must implement effective disaster countermeasures for those with limited resources in their disaster management plans.
The fourth study evaluates disaster management measures from the point of view of both local governments and residents, and proposes innovative solutions to collaborate and organize, adapt to the environment, and manage for the next generation. This reveals the problems faced by local governments and residents’ lack of knowledge, and provides a roadmap for future improvements.
Overall, these studies indicate that creating a resilience strategy involving all stakeholders is an urgent matter, provide valuable insight into the limits of current strategies, and offer guidelines for strengthening the important aspects of resilience so that corporations and local governments can respond to disasters more effectively. We expect that the effectiveness of disaster measures will be enhanced through incorporating these proposals and methods into practical policies and actual works. We sincerely thank all the contributors for their contributions to this special issue and the reviewers for their valuable comments.
CONSTRUCTION OF PROBABILISTIC CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN EQUIVALENCE CLASSES OF DATA IN AN INTELLIGENT INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Chalyi Serhii , Leshchynskyi Volodymyr 
Published: July 2024

The subject of this research is the processes involved in generating explanations for decision-making in artificial intelligence systems. Explanations in such systems enable the decision-making process to be transparent and comprehensible for the user, thereby increasing user trust in the obtained results. The aim of this work is to develop an approach for constructing a probabilistic causal explanation model that takes into account the equivalence classes of input, intermediate, and resulting data. Solving this problem creates conditions for building explanations in the form of causal relationships based on the available information about the properties of input data as well as the properties of the results obtained in the artificial intelligence system. To achieve this aim, the following tasks are addressed: developing a causal dependency model between the equivalence classes of input and output data; developing methods for constructing equivalence classes of data in the decision-making process and a method for constructing causal explanations. A probabilistic model of causal dependency is proposed, which includes a causal relationship between the equivalence classes of input or intermediate and resulting data obtained during the decision-making process in the artificial intelligence system. This relationship considers the estimates of the possibility and necessity of such a dependency. The model creates conditions for explaining the possible causes of the obtained decision. A set of methods for constructing equivalence classes of data in the decision-making process and for constructing causal explanations is proposed, establishing a causal relationship between the equivalence classes. When constructing equivalence classes, relations of mandatory and optional data refinement, requirements or exclusions of data, as well as data conjunctions, are established. When constructing causal explanations, the possibility and limitations of the necessity of such a dependency are calculated, allowing explanations to be built based on the available information about the obtained decisions and the input and intermediate data used to form these decisions.
Research on Fault pattern Recognition of High-speed and Heavy-load Robots based on Median Neural Network
Authors: Xie Changgui , Zhao Xin , Zhu Yongli 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

To address difficult recognition of vibration signals of heavy-load robots, a new median neural network pattern recognition method based on artificial neural network was proposed. This method builds the pattern recognition network model by using the median neurons and particle swarm optimization algorithm. In other words, the fault modes of heavy-load industrial robots are recognized quickly and accurately by using median and multiplication function as the aggregate function, and combining with the particle swarm backpropagation algorithm under the premise that there’s abnormal or fault eigenvalues in the network input mode. According to the simulation analysis and case verification, the proposed median neural network method can recognize fault modes of heavy-load robots well and it still and a smaller one recognition fault rate more traditional algorithms In below the complicated severe environment with noises. It shows remarkable recognition accuracy as well as relatively high compatibility and stability. This method not only has high theoretical value in pattern recognition of heavy-duty robots, but also possesses very important engineering practice significance in fault pattern recognition of rotary machines like ventilator and gas blower.The proposed method not only has high theoretical value in pattern recognition of heavy-duty robots, but there are also important,it has practical significance in engineering and other fields fault pattern recognition of rotating machinery such as ventilators and gas blowers.
Financial toxicity among cancer patients and survivors: a comparative study of the United Kingdom &amp; United States
Authors: Ngan Tran Thu , Tonorezos Emily , Donnelly Michael , O’Neill Ciaran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The study investigated the experiences of financial toxicity (FT) among cancer patients/survivors in the United Kingdom (UK) & the United States (US).
Methods
600 cancer patients/survivors residing in the UK (n = 319) or US (n = 281) completed an online cross-sectional survey using the COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity (COST)-a validated measure of FT. Severity of FT was defined as ‘no’ (COST scores > = 26), ‘mild’ (14–25), and ‘moderate/severe’ (0–13).
Results
34% of UK participants faced FT which was significantly lower compared to the US at 55% (crude OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.73–3.42). An ordered logistic regression model showed that in the US, being 65 + years old (adjusted OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.07–0.48), retired (aOR = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09–0.75), and having a higher household income (aOR ranged 0.03–0.19) decreased the risk of FT while being female increased the risk (aOR = 1.83, 95%CI: 1.01–3.32). In the UK, age and sex did not have an effect but higher income and being retired showed an identical pattern compared to the US.
Conclusions
FT was less prevalent and less severe in the UK, compared to the US. The high prevalence of FT underscores the need to provide an additional level of protection to the most vulnerable groups than is currently offered in either country.
SHIV remission in macaques with early treatment initiation and ultra long-lasting antiviral activity
Authors: Garcia-Lerma J. Gerardo , Daly Michele , Dinh Chuong , Holder Angela , Rudolph Donna , Ruone Susan , Swaims-Kohlmeier Alison , Khalil George , Sharma Sunita , Mitchell James , Condrey Jillian , Kim Daniel , Pan Yi , Curtis Kelly , Williams Peter , Spreen William , Heneine Walid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Studies in SIV-infected macaques have shown that the virus reservoir is particularly refractory to conventional suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We posited that optimized ART regimens designed to have robust penetration in tissue reservoirs and provide long-lasting antiviral activity may be advantageous for HIV or SIV remission. Macaques infected with RT-SHIV received oral emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide and long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine without (n=4) or with (n=4) the immune activator vesatolimod after the initial onset of viremia. All animals were fully suppressed during treatment (4-12 months) and showed no virus rebound during a follow up period of 1.5-2 years despite CD8+ T cell depletion. We show efficient multidrug penetration in virus reservoirs and persisting rilpivirine in plasma for 2 years after the last dose. Our results document a new type of virus remission that is achieved through early treatment initiation and provision of ultra long-lasting antiviral activity that persists after treatment cessation.
Computational insights of 1-Guanidinosuccinimide and Benzene-ethanamine, 2,5-difluoro-β- 3,4-trihydroxy-n-methyl with MDM2 as Potential Anticancer Agent
Authors: Bako Bulus , Etim Emmanuel E. , Shinggu John P. , Samuel Humphrey S. , Moses Liberty J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Cancer remains a significant challenge in healthcare, spurring ongoing exploration for effective therapies. Computational methods, emerging as invaluable tools in drug discovery, have garnered attention for their cost-effectiveness and efficiency. In this study, we investigate the anticancer potential of 1-Guanidinosuccinimide and Benzene-ethanamine, 2,5-difluoro-β, 3,4-trihydroxy-n-methyl, targeting Mouse double minute 2, a critical protein in cancer pathways. Quantum chemical calculations with GAUSSIAN 09 (B3LYP; 6-311(d,p)) explored molecular structures across various solvation environments (Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) , ethanol, and methanol). Docking analysis using AutoDock Vina revealed binding to 4ZFI, with affinities of -5.9 and -6.6 kcal/mol, indicating diverse interactions. In-silico pharmacokinetics and ADMET profiling underscored favorable drug-like properties. Compound 2 emerged as a promising therapeutic candidate, showing superior binding versatility and strength. Both compounds adhere to Lipinski's rule, suggesting their potential as viable drug candidates. Further research and experimental validation are advocated to realize their therapeutic potential and expedite drug development efforts.
Role of size, surface charge, and PEGylated lipids of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) on intramuscular delivery of mRNA
Authors: Kong Weiwen , Wei Yuning , Dong Zirong , Liu Wenjuan , Zhao Jiaxin , Huang Yan , Yang Jinlong , Wu Wei , He Haisheng , Qi Jianping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most commonly used non-viral gene delivery system. Their physiochemical attributes, encompassing size, charge and surface modifications, significantly affect their behaviors both in vivo and in vitro. Nevertheless, the effects of these properties on the transfection and distribution of LNPs after intramuscular injection remain elusive. In this study, LNPs with varying sizes, lipid-based charges and PEGylated lipids were formulated to study their transfection and in vivo distribution. Luciferase mRNA (mLuc) was loaded in LNPs as a model nucleic acid.
Results
In vivo and in vitro results indicated that smaller-sized LNPs and those with neutral potential presented superior transfection efficiency after intramuscular injection. Surprisingly, the sizes and charges did not exert a notable influence on the in vivo distribution of the LNPs. Furthermore, PEGylated lipids with shorter acyl chains contributed to enhanced transfection efficiency due to their superior cellular uptake and lysosomal escape capabilities. Notably, the mechanisms underlying cellular uptake differed among LNPs containing various types of PEGylated lipids, which was primarily attributed to the length of their acyl chain.
Conclusions
Together, these insights underscore the pivotal role of nanoparticle characteristics and PEGylated lipids in the intramuscular route. This study not only fills crucial knowledge gaps but also provides invaluable directions for the effective delivery of mRNA via LNPs.
Virtual Reality for language learning: preliminary soft touch exploratory research
Authors: Khukalenko Iuliia , Wilson Rachel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This exploratory study delves into a language-learning virtual reality software, utilizing the VARVARA pilot application for contextualized English speaking practice. Involving 23 language teachers from 19 schools in 12 Russian regions, the mixed-methods approach combines quantitative survey responses, qualitative feedback, and platform data analysis. Results showcase a positive reception, with 82% of teachers reporting student enjoyment. Key strengths include user-friendliness, effective instructional design, and VR's innovative aspect. Despite challenges like limited hardware and classroom management, teachers express interest in integrating virtual reality. This study offers pivotal insights into the pragmatic implementation of virtual reality in language education, emphasizing the importance of teacher training, supportive infrastructure, and well-crafted educational content for effective integration.
A Cross-sectional Study Evaluating Grip Strength and Associated Factors in Turkish Nurses and Nursing Students
Authors: Savci Cemile , Akinci Ayse Cil , Sahin Safiye , Atienza Sharon , Dehom Salem , Roberts Lisa R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Grip strength is a crucial indicator of overall muscle strength and is important for the physical demands of nursing.
Objective
This study aims to examine the differences in grip strength between staff nurses and nursing students and to identify factors associated with grip strength in nursing sample.
Method
This descriptive and analytical study collected data from nursing students and staff nurses in Turkey, from May 1 to September 30, 2022. A total of 200 staff nurses and 200 nursing students participated. Data were collected using a participant information form, the Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4), and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Additionally, researchers recorded anthropometric measurements and assessed grip strength using a digital hand dynamometer.
Results
Grip strength was similar across groups, with nearly half (48.8%) meeting or exceeding Turkish normative values. 79.5% of staff nurses and 66.0% of nursing students reported musculoskeletal (MSK) issues in the last 12 months. Correlation analysis indicated that grip strength negatively correlated with stress level and musculoskeletal complaints. Multiple linear regression identified height, waist-to-hip ratio, and neck circumference as significant predictors of grip strength, explaining 57% of the variance.
Conclusion
Grip strength was similar between staff nurses and nursing students, despite differences in age, BMI, and musculoskeletal issues. Height, waist-to-hip ratio, and neck circumference are key predictors of grip strength in this Turkish nursing sample. Understanding the factors influencing grip strength can help in designing targeted interventions to maintain and improve muscle strength in nursing professionals.