bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The mechanisms of carnosic acid attenuates tumor necrosis factor‐α‐mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Wen , Liu Kai‐Li , Lin Yu‐Ru , Kuo Wen‐Cheng 
Published: November 2013

ScopeInsulin resistance has been linked to a low‐grade chronic inflammatory response. Carnosic acid (CA), which is found in rosemary, has been reported to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and anti‐adipogenic properties. Here, we examined the effects of CA on inflammation and insulin resistance in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α).Methods and resultsCA attenuated the TNF‐α‐induced mRNA expression of inflammatory genes, including IL‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. CA also attenuated the TNF‐α‐mediated activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase, and c‐Jun; the phosphorylation of inhibitor‐κB (IκB) kinase (IKK)α/β, the phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα, the nuclear translocation of p65, and the DNA‐binding activity of NF‐κB and AP‐1. CA or PP242 (an mTOR inhibitor) suppressed the TNF‐α‐induced protein expression of mTOR, p70S6K, eIF4E, and IL‐6. Moreover, CA attenuated the TNF‐α‐mediated suppression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, adiponectin, and adipocyte protein 2. CA reversed the TNF‐α‐mediated suppression of insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake and the phosphorylation of Tyr632 insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1), Akt, and FoxO1, but decreased the TNF‐α‐induced phosphorylation of Ser307 IRS‐1 and total FoxO1.ConclusionCA attenuates TNF‐α‐mediated inflammation via inhibition of NF‐κB and AP‐1 pathways and insulin resistance via Akt‐dependent FoxO1 signaling in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes.
Referenceless Acquisition of Phase‐sensitive Inversion‐recovery with Decisive reconstruction (RAPID) imaging
Authors: Wang Jinnan , Chen Huijun , Maki Jeffrey H. , Zhao Xihai , Wilson Gregory J. , Yuan Chun , Börnert Peter 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo describe a referenceless reconstruction approach to generate phase‐sensitive inversion recovery images without relying on the extra acquisition of reference images.MethodsThe basic idea of the Referenceless Acquisition of Phase‐sensitive Inversion‐recovery with Decisive reconstruction, or RAPID, algorithm is to retrieve the magnetization polarity by estimating the background phase variation of a complex valued image. The theory and algorithm of RAPID is described in detail. To evaluate the performance of RAPID, seven patients were recruited then scanned in different anatomical regions (cardiac, brain, and vascular). Standard Phase Sensitive Inversion Recovery (PSIR) reconstructions using reference image information were compared with RAPID reconstructions using the same source data.ResultsRAPID reconstructed images were found to provide very good agreement with PSIR reconstructed images on all cases, although no reference image info was used in the RAPID algorithm. For neuroimaging applications, it was found that RAPID reconstruction is more robust compared with the PSIR algorithm as RAPID can avoid potential errors introduced by the reference acquisition.ConclusionThe RAPID technique for phase‐sensitive reconstruction is promising and can improve the imaging efficiency by a factor of 2 compared with PSIR. RAPID was also shown to provide more robust reconstruction by avoiding errors caused by the reference acquisition. Magn Reson Med 72:806–815, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Economic Evaluation of the Impact of Medication Errors Reported by U.S. Clinical Pharmacists
Authors: Samp Jennifer C. , Touchette Daniel R. , Marinac Jacqueline S. , Kuo Grace M. ,   the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Practice‐Based Research Network Collaborative
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveMedication errors defined as “any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm” have been highlighted as a top national priority in a report issued by the Institute of Medicine. However, little information is available on precise costs of medication errors. This study estimated the cost of medication errors reported by clinical pharmacists using a modified societal perspective.MethodsInformation on 779 medication errors was collected in the Medication Error Detection, Amelioration and Prevention (MEDAP) study that documented medication errors observed by clinical pharmacists during a consecutive 14‐day period. The rate of medication errors, outcomes (number of errors resulting in temporary/permanent patient harm, prolonged hospitalization, or life‐sustaining therapy), and interventions (communication, medication changes, patient monitoring, and treatment referrals) were collected. A decision model was developed to estimate the economic impact of medication errors reported by clinical pharmacists. Event probabilities were derived from MEDAP data. Direct costs were obtained through reviews of the literature, hospital charge data, and Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement. One‐way and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses were used to explore uncertainty in the values.ResultsIn the base case, the mean expected cost of a medication error was $88.57. In the Monte Carlo simulation, the mean cost was $89.35 (± $30.17 SD). One‐way sensitivity analysis revealed that changes in the probability of medication errors causing hospitalization and the cost of hospitalization had the greatest variability on the outcome ($50.44–$155.81 [probability of hospitalization], $32.59–$136.40 [cost of hospitalization]).ConclusionsMedication errors are costly to the health care system. A better understanding of medication error costs may be used to justify initiatives to reduce the risk and inefficiency associated with these errors.
Meloxicam‐Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Ranieri Melissa M. , Bradley Elizabeth F. , Simon Allison B. 
Published: November 2013

Immune thrombocytopenia can have several causes including the use of certain drugs. Thrombocytopenia has been documented as a rare adverse effect of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including diclofenac, naproxen, and ibuprofen. However, only one previously documented case of meloxicam‐associated thrombocytopenia has been reported in the literature. We describe an 84‐year‐old woman who developed a case of immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia that was attributed to meloxicam therapy. The patient's platelet count decreased from a baseline of 267 × 103/mm3 to 2 × 103/mm3 1 week after she received her first lifetime dose of meloxicam. She also experienced black stools and bruising that coincided with the meloxicam administration. The almost immediate onset of thrombocytopenia and symptoms after initiation of meloxicam, as well as the marked reduction in her platelet count, suggest an idiosyncratic reaction. According to the Hill criteria for assessing causality of adverse drug events, it is plausible that this reaction was due to meloxicam. Health care providers should be aware of the possibility of thrombocytopenia secondary to NSAID therapy including meloxicam. Immune thrombocytopenia can be life threatening if it is not identified and treated promptly. A thorough medication history is particularly important when patients present with unusual symptoms, with a focus on those drugs that have been recently initiated. Although thrombocytopenia is a rare adverse effect of NSAID therapy, it should be considered a potential cause in patients receiving these drugs who have signs and symptoms consistent with this blood dyscrasia.
Synthesis and pH‐responsive assembly of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) with pendant carboxyl groups
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Jinhong , Du Zhengzhen , Lang Meidong 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTpH‐responsive methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) bearing pendant carboxyl groups mPEG‐b‐P(2‐CCL‐co‐6‐CCL) was synthesized based on our newly monomer benzyloxycarbonylmethly functionalized ε‐caprolactone. Their structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and Fourier transform infrared spectrum spectra. In addition, SEC results indicated that the copolymers had a relatively narrow polydispersity. WXRD and DSC demonstrated that the introduction of carboxymethyl groups had significant effect on the crystallinity of the copolymers. Furthermore, the solution behavior of mPEG‐b‐P(2‐CCL‐co‐6‐CCL) has been studied by various methods. The results indicated that mPEG‐b‐P(2‐CCL‐co‐6‐CCL) had a rich pH‐responsive behavior and the micelles could be formed by pH induction, and the mPEG‐b‐P(2‐CCL‐co‐6‐CCL) could existed as unimers, micelles or large aggregates in different pH range accordingly. The mechanism of which was supposed to depend on the counteraction between the hydrophobic interaction from PCL and the ionization of the carboxyl groups along the polymer chain. Moreover, the mPEG‐b‐P(2‐CCL‐co‐6‐CCL) copolymers displayed good biocompatibility according to the preliminary cytotoxicity study. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 188–199
Benzodithiophene‐based poly(aryleneethynylene)s: Synthesis, optical properties, and applications in organic solar cells
Authors: Wen Shuguang , Bao Xichang , Shen Wenfei , Gu Chuantao , Du Zhengkun , Han Liangliang , Zhu Dangqiang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe synthesis and characterization of building block of ethynylene‐substituted benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT), and its application in the construction of poly(aryleneethynylene)s (PAEs) are described in this article. Alkoxy‐substituted BDT and thiazolothiazole are selected as the other copolymerized units, and polymers of PEBBDT and PEBTTZ were synthesized by Pd‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reaction. These polymers showed intense interchain π–π interaction and deep HOMO levels (≤ −5.50 eV). Bulk heterojunction solar cell fabricated using PEBBDT or PEBTTZ as electron donor and PC61BM as acceptor display power conversion efficiency of 0.85 and 2.40%, respectively, under the illumination of AM1.5G, 100 mW cm−2. This study shows good prospect for the application of PAEs‐type polymers in organic solar cell. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 208–215
Synthesis of Si nanowires using Au catalyst accompanied with silicide nanoparticle formation
Authors: Meng Erchao , Li Wen , Nakane Kaito , Shirahashi Yuya , Suzuki Hiroaki , Sato Yusuke , Tatsuoka Hirokazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSi nanowires were grown on Si(111) substrates, and the shape modification of the nanowires was demonstrated. With the Au catalyst, the highly symmetric faceted silicide solid particle in the Au‐Si eutectic solution was formed on the top of the nanowires, and the solid catalyst defined the shape of the Si nanowire. Namely, the VLS growth mechanism was followed by the VSS growth mechanism, and the modified shaped faceted Si nanowire was formed during the VSS growth. This result makes us to expect to control the shape of the nanowires by the formation of facetted silicide particles grown during the Au catalytic growth. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of Mg2Si and MnSi1.7 nanowire bundles using Si nanowire arrays as templates
Authors: Li Wen , Nakane Kaito , Tatsuoka Hirokazu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPolycrystalline Mg2Si and MnSi1.7 nanowire bundles were synthesized by the heat treatment of Si nanowire arrays under a Mg vapor and MnCl2 vapor, respectively. The structural properties of Mg2Si and MnSi1.7 nanowires and the fabrication phenomenon of them were in‐vestigated. The syntheses of Mg2Si and MnSi1.7 nano‐wires were carried out at 500 °C and 600 °C for 5 h, respectively, and the morphology of the Si nanowires was preserved after reaction. The density of Mg2Si nanowire bundles was increased compared to that of the Si nanowire arrays, and the density of MnSi1.7 nanowire bundles was decreased. These reactions provided the low‐cost and controllable synthetic techniques to synthesize large scale and one‐dimensional semi‐conducting metal silicides for thermoelectric applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Engineering thin film β‐FeSi2/Si heterojunctions to harvest solar energy
Authors: Liew S. L. , Chai Y. , Tan H. R. , Hui H. K. , Chi D. Z. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThin film β ‐FeSi2/Si heterojunction solar cells were engineered through magnetron‐sputtering of FeSi2 and Al onto n ‐Si(001) substrates and annealing by rapid thermal processing. Al was incorporated through co‐sputtering with β ‐FeSi2 and also as an interlayer between the co‐sputtered film and Si substrate. The resulting FeSi2(Al) was polycrystalline, orthorhombic and semiconducting. Under AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm2 illumination, devices prepared with Al interlayers exhibited short‐circuit current and open‐circuit voltage improvement over devices without interlayers. These devices were found to exhibit improved interface quality and reduced dark current. Spectral response measurements revealed photocarriers contribution from β ‐FeSi2(Al) film and Si which increased with Al concentration. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of substrate pretreatment and deposition conditions for epitaxial growth of β‐FeSi2 film on Si(100)
Authors: Yamaguchi Kenji , Hamamoto Satoshi , Hojou Kiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEffect of substrate treatment conditions, deposition temperature and deposition rate on the crystallinity of β‐FeSi2 films formed on Si substrate was investigated. The substrates were treated with Ne+ ion beams at room temperature and then annealed at 1073 K prior to film fabrication by means of ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD) method. Combinations of experimental parameters which promote the film growth with an epitaxial relationship of β‐FeSi2 (100) // Si (100) were identified. These results were explained qualitatively in terms of the substrate treatment conditions, deposition temperature, as well as on the local Fe/Si ratio. The observed dependence of the film structure on these experimental parameters indicated that careful optimization of substrate treatment conditions and deposition parameters would further stimulate effort to fabricate β‐FeSi2 films with excellent crystalline properties. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation and thermoelectric properties of Mg2Si0.9‐xSnx Ge0.1
Authors: Tada S. , Isoda Y. , Udono H. , Fujiu H. , Kumagai S. , Shinohara Y. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe investigated the thermoelectric properties of non‐doped Mg2Si0.9‐xSnx Ge0.1 (x = 0, 0.60, 0.65, 0.75, and 0.90) solid solutions of quaternary systems prepared using a liquid–solid reaction and hot‐pressing methods. All the sintered compact samples consisted of a single phase with an anti‐fluorite structure, which was revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The lattice constant increased linearly with increasing amounts of Sn in the sample. Mg2Si0.90Ge0.10 and Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 exhibited n‐type conduction and possessed a negative Seebeck coefficient. On the other hand, Mg2Si0.25Sn0.65Ge0.10, Mg2Si0.15Sn0.75Ge0.10, and Mg2Sn0.90Ge0.10 exhibited positive conduction. The resistivities ranged from 3.22 × 10‐5 Ω m for Mg2Si0.90Ge0.10 to 1.37 × 10‐2 Ω m for Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 at 300 K. The thermal conductivity varied depending on the amount of Sn in the samples. The minimum value of the thermal conductivity was 1.93 W m‐1 K‐1 for Mg2Si0.30Sn0.60Ge0.10 and Mg2Si0.25Sn0.65Ge0.10 at 450 K. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solid‐phase growth of Mg2Si by annealing in inert gas atmosphere
Authors: Ikehata Takashi , Ando Tatsuya , Yamamoto Takuya , Takagi Yuta , Sato Naoyuki , Udono Haruhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMagnesium silicide (Mg2Si) is an attractive semiconductor material for application to thermo‐electric conversion devices because it consists of non‐toxic and resource‐abundant elements. There were difficulties, however, in preparation of Mg2Si thin films coming from large difference in thermodynamic properties between Mg and Si. In the present study, preparation of Mg2Si thin films by solid‐phase synthesis; thermal annealing of metallic Mg on a Si substrate in argon gas atmosphere, is tested and optimum annealing conditions for the synthesis are explored. As a result, it is found that the optimum annealing temperature is 300‐350 °C and the argon gas pressure should be higher than 50 Pa. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation and optical properties of semiconducting thick Ca silicide films and Si/CaxSi/Si heterostructures on Si(111) substrate
Authors: Galkin Nikolay G. , Bezbabnyi Dmitri A. , Galkin Konstantin N. , Dotsenko Sergei A. , Zielony Eunika , Kudrawiec Robert , Misiewicz Jan 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSi/Ca2Si/Si(111) and Si/Ca3Si4/Si(111) heterostructures have been formed by procedure of layer‐by‐layer deposition of Ca at 130 °C or 500 °C on previously formed layer of amorphous Si or on a polycrystalline Si layers. Features of electronic structure, optical and electrical properties were established by in situ and ex situ methods. Strong direct interband transitions at 0.89 and 0.912 eV were firstly found for Ca3Si4 film grown at 500 °C. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of magnetron sputtered and pulsed beam annealed Ge/Si layers
Authors: Galkin K. N. , Batalov R. I. , Bayazitov R. M. , Novikov H. A. , Shustov V. A. , Bizyaev D. A. , Gaiduk P. I. , Ivlev G. D. , Prokopyev S. L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecently the significant progress in the creation of thin film structures effectively emitting light in the near infrared region (1.5‐1.6 μm) at room temperature has been reached for Ge/Si system by UHV growth techniques by Kimerling's group (Ref. [13]). In this work vacuum deposition of Ge thin films onto Si substrates by magnetron sputtering followed by nanosecond pulsed annealing was performed. During deposition sputtering time (t = 3‐20 min) and substrate temperature (T = 20‐300 °C) were varied. During pulsed treatments powerful laser radiation (λ = 690 nm) or high current ion beams (C+, H+, E = 300 keV, J ≤ 150 A/cm2) were used. The dependence of structural and optical properties of Ge/Si films on parameters of magnetron sputtering and pulsed treatments was investigated. Optimum parameters for deposition and pulsed treatments resulted in light emitting layers are determined. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth, structure, optical and electrical properties of Si/2D Mg2Si/Si(111) double heterostructures and Schottky diodes on their base
Authors: Galkin Konstantin N. , Galkin Nikolay G. , Dózsa László , Dotsenko Sergei A. , Chernev Igor M. , Vavanova Svetlana V. , Dobos László , Pécz Béla 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMg2Si layers were grown on silicon by RDE at 150 °C and by SPE at 160 °C, and they were covered by silicon cap grown by MBE at 150‐180 °C. The silicide layers and the silicon cap were investigated by in situ and ex situ methods. The 2D Mg2Si layer continuity and electrical properties were conserved during cap growth. The point defects in the structure are dominated by contamination of the substrate and by diffusion of the not reacted Mg into silicon. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
filtering of nonlinear plants over networks
Authors: Charandabi Behnam Allahverdi , Marquez Horacio J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the filtering problem for Lipschitz systems in a networked environment. We assume that the measurements transmitted over the network are subject to quantization, uncertain delays and communication constraints. We first analytically demonstrate how each of the these issues affect the filtering problem. Second, we tackle the filter design as an optimization problem with LMI constraints. The optimization maximizes the Lipschitz constant and thus the region of attraction for which the filter is stable and an bound is satisfied by the error system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐annual variability, risk and confidence intervals associated with propagation statistics. Part I: theory of estimation
Authors: Jeannin Nicolas , Boulanger Xavier , Féral Laurent , Castanet Laurent , Lacoste Frédéric 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis set of two companion papers aims at providing a statistical framework to quantify the inter‐annual variability observed on the statistics of rain attenuation or rainfall rate derived from Earth‐space propagation measurements. This part I is more specifically devoted to the theoretical study of the variance of estimation of empirical complementary cumulative distribution functions (ECCDFs) derived from Earth‐space rain attenuation or rainfall rate time series. To focus the analysis on the statistical variability but without loss of generality, synthetic rain attenuation time series are considered. A large variability on the ECCDFs, which depends on the duration of the synthetic data, is first put into evidence. The variance of estimation is then derived from the properties of the statistical estimator. The formulation is validated numerically, by comparison with the ECCDF variances derived from the synthetic data. The variance of the fluctuations around the CCDF is then shown to be dependent on the average of the correlation function of the time series, on the probability level and on the measurement duration. This variance of estimation is needed as a prerequisite in conjunction with the knowledge of the climatic variability to characterize the yearly fluctuations of propagation statistics computed from experimental time series. The extensions from simulations to experiments as well as the application to system planning are detailed in part II. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling of the learning process in centipede games
Authors: Westveld Anton H. , Hoff Peter D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAccording to classic game theory, individuals playing a centipede game learn about the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium via repeated play of the game. We employ statistical modeling to evaluate the evidence of such learning processes while accounting for the substantial within‐player correlation observed for the players’ decisions and rates of learning. We determine the probabilities of players’ choices through a quantal response equilibrium. Our statistical approach additionally (i) relaxes the assumption of players’ a priori global knowledge of opponents’ strategies, (ii) incorporates within‐subject dependency through random effects, and (iii) allows players’ decision probabilities to change with repeated play through an explicit covariate. Hence, players’ tendencies to correctly assess the utility of decisions are allowed to evolve over the course of the game, and both adaptive behavior as one accrues experience and the difference in this behavior between players are appropriately reflected by the model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd