bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Taylor–Melcher leaky dielectric model as a macroscale electrokinetic description
Authors: Schnitzer Ory , Yariv Ehud 
Published: July 2015

While the Taylor–Melcher electrohydrodynamic model entails ionic charge carriers, it addresses neither ionic transport within the liquids nor the formation of diffuse space-charge layers about their common interface. Moreover, as this model is hinged upon the presence of non-zero interfacial-charge density, it appears to be in contradiction with the aggregate electro-neutrality implied by ionic screening. Following a brief synopsis published by Baygents & Saville (Third International Colloquium on Drops and Bubbles, AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 7, 1989, American Institute of Physics, pp. 7–17) we systematically derive here the macroscale description appropriate for leaky dielectric liquids, starting from the primitive electrokinetic equations and addressing the double limit of thin space-charge layers and strong fields. This derivation is accomplished through the use of matched asymptotic expansions between the narrow space-charge layers adjacent to the interface and the electro-neutral bulk domains, which are homogenized by the strong ionic advection. Electrokinetic transport within the electrical ‘triple layer’ comprising the genuine interface and the adjacent space-charge layers is embodied in effective boundary conditions; these conditions, together with the simplified transport within the bulk domains, constitute the requisite macroscale description. This description essentially coincides with the familiar equations of Melcher & Taylor (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 1, 1969, pp. 111–146). A key quantity in our macroscale description is the ‘apparent’ surface-charge density, provided by the transversely integrated triple-layer microscale charge. At leading order, this density vanishes due to the expected Debye-layer screening; its asymptotic correction provides the ‘interfacial’ surface-charge density appearing in the Taylor–Melcher model. Our unified electrohydrodynamic treatment provides a reinterpretation of both the Taylor–Melcher conductivity-ratio parameter and the electrical Reynolds number. The latter, expressed in terms of fundamental electrokinetic properties, becomes $O(1)$ only for intense applied fields, comparable with the transverse field within the space-charge layers; at this limit the asymptotic scheme collapses. Surface-charge advection is accordingly absent in the macroscale description. Owing to the inevitable presence of (screened) net charge on the genuine interface, the drop also undergoes electrophoretic motion. The associated flow, however, is asymptotically smaller than that corresponding to the Taylor–Melcher circulation. Our successful matching procedure contrasts the analysis of Baygents & Saville, who considered more general electrolytes and were unable to directly match the inner and outer regions. We discuss this difference in detail.
Buoyancy-induced turbulent mixing in a narrow tilted tank
Authors: Lin Tiras Y. , Caulfield C. P. , Woods Andrew W. 
Published: July 2015

We describe a series of experiments in which a constant buoyancy flux $B_{s}$ of salty dyed water of density ${\it\rho}_{s}$ is introduced at the top of a long narrow tank of square cross-section tilted at an angle ${\it\theta}$ to the vertical. The tank is initially filled with fresh clear water of density ${\it\rho}_{0}<{\it\rho}_{s}$, and we investigate the resulting buoyancy-driven turbulent mixing at various tilt angles ${\it\theta}$. Using a light-attenuation image analysis method, we determine the evolution of the reduced gravity $g^{\prime }=g({\it\rho}-{\it\rho}_{0})/{\it\rho}_{0}$ of the mixed fluid in time and space as it propagates towards the bottom of the tank. For all tilt angles tested (${\it\theta}=0^{\circ }$ to ${\it\theta}=45^{\circ }$), we focus exclusively on high-Reynolds-number experiments, where the flow remains turbulent both along the length and across the width of the tank. We find that when ${\it\theta}>0^{\circ }$, the cross-tank component of gravity acts to segregate the dense fluid from the relatively lighter fluid, and a statically stable gradient of $g^{\prime }$ across the width of the tank occurs more frequently than a statically unstable gradient, i.e. $(\partial g^{\prime }/\partial x)<0$ occurs more frequently than $(\partial g^{\prime }/\partial x)>0$. This is in contrast to the case when ${\it\theta}=0^{\circ }$, where instantaneous cross-tank gradients of reduced gravity may be positive or negative, but are equal to zero in an ensemble average. We observe that when ${\it\theta}>0^{\circ }$, the cross-tank gradient of reduced gravity induces a turbulent counterflow where dense fluid flows down the upward-facing surface of the tank and lighter fluid flows in the opposing direction above. We model the evolution of the cross-tank averaged, ensemble averaged reduced gravity $\langle \overline{g^{\prime }}\rangle _{e}$ as a diffusive process using Prandtl’s mixing length theory, building on the model of van Sommeren et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 701, 2012, pp. 278–303) who considered purely vertical tanks. We model the fluctuations (from the cross-tank averaged quantity) of reduced gravity $\langle {\hat{g}}^{\prime }\rangle _{e}$ and counterflow velocity $\langle {\hat{w}}\rangle _{e}$ by characterising the mixing across the width of the tank with a cross-tank turbulent diffusivity ${\it\kappa}_{T,x}$, which we assume is constant in the cross-tank coordinate $x$. We show that the counterflow that exists when ${\it\theta}>0^{\circ }$ acts directly to enhance the effective along-tank turbulent diffusivity ${\it\kappa}_{T,z}$, and from experiments, we find that the mixing length increases approximately linearly with ${\it\theta}$, and that both ${\it\kappa}_{T,x}$ and ${\it\kappa}_{T,z}$ are proportional to $(\partial \langle \overline{g^{\prime }}\rangle _{e}/\partial z)^{1/2}$.
NONREGULAR GRAPHS WITH MINIMAL TOTAL IRREGULARITY
Authors: ABDO HOSAM , DIMITROV DARKO 
Published: July 2015

Thetotal irregularityof a simple undirected graph$G$is defined as$\text{irr}_{t}(G)=\frac{1}{2}\sum _{u,v\in V(G)}|d_{G}(u)-d_{G}(v)|$, where$d_{G}(u)$denotes the degree of a vertex$u\in V(G)$. Obviously,$\text{irr}_{t}(G)=0$if and only if$G$is regular. Here, we characterise the nonregular graphs with minimal total irregularity and thereby resolve the recent conjecture by Zhuet al. [‘The minimal total irregularity of graphs’, Preprint, 2014, arXiv:1404.0931v1] about the lower bound on the minimal total irregularity of nonregular connected graphs. We show that the conjectured lower bound of$2n-4$is attained only if nonregular connected graphs of even order are considered, while the sharp lower bound of$n-1$is attained by graphs of odd order. We also characterise the nonregular graphs with the second and the third smallest total irregularity.
A Hittite treaty tablet from Oylum Höyük in southeastern Turkey and the location of Ḫaššu(wa)
Authors: Ünal Ahmet 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn the summer of 2012 Oylum Höyük yielded its first Hittite cuneiform tablet and thus joined five other Hittite tabletyielding sites in southeastern Anatolia and northern Syria. The tablet was probably removed from a nearby Hittite imperial-period monumental building, which seems to have been the Hittites’ administrative centre at Oylum, and incorporated into Iron Age debris. The wording of the text, in its preserved parts, shares traits with Hittite state treaties. It also has striking similarities with Hittite instruction texts, due to the generic affinities between these two genres. However, on the basis of the overall structure of the Oylum tablet and, most significantly, the inclusion of a list of oath gods at the end of the text, it is proposed that we are dealing here with a treaty. This article clarifies the genre and comprehensible context of the tablet, provides a transliteration and, as far as it is possible, a translation of the text, provides some philological comments and ends with the suggestion that the ancient name of Oylum Höyük was Ḫaššu(wa).
A new statue-base for Constantius II and the fourth-century imperial cult at Oinoanda
Authors: Milner N.P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA long-unpublished statue base for the emperor Constantius II was rediscovered at Oinoanda in 2010. It contains information that Oinoanda was a neokoros city, that is, having a special status in the imperial cult. The article attempts to trace the significance of neokoria and of images in the imperial cult in the fourth century AD, an era of rapid religious change when the Christianity of the emperors and many ordinary people co-existed with deep and widespread pagan traditions that flowed throughout Roman society.
The lowest common denominator between species for teaching behaviors
Authors: Badets Arnaud , Osiurak François 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe propose that an underestimated albeit fundamental mechanism in teaching behavior is perceptual resonance. With this mechanism, many animals, including humans, are able to learn from each other by sharing and processing relevant events in the environment. For teaching, we suggest a triadic principle involving the teacher, the learner, and the events to be learned from the world.
Variations in teaching bring variations in learning
Authors: Koenig Melissa 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA unified account of teaching such as Kline's can and should accommodate facts about teaching in nonhuman animals and culturally diverse populations. But to benefit from Kline's insights, we need to understand how her taxonomy of teaching maps onto a taxonomy of learning. The crux of the problem for scientists studying humans and nonhumans is to determine not only how different models teach, but how individuals select models, and how they learn differently from different models.
The parental brain: A neural framework for study of teaching in humans and other animals
Authors: Kim Hesun Erin , Torres-Garcia Adrianna , Swain James E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParenting, conceptualized as a specific form of teaching, may inform mentalistic, culture-based, and functional definitions. Combined brain-imaging, hormone-measurement, and cognitive-behavioral analyses indicate the importance of mentalization circuits. These circuits appear to function according to culture, and cross animal species. Further, these approaches shed light on sex differences through work on fathers as well as mothers, are affected by psychopathology, and may be amenable to treatment in ways that may be applied to optimize teaching.
Models for cognition and emotion: Evolutionary and linguistic considerations
Authors: Montemayor Carlos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA central claim in Luiz Pessoa's (2013) book is that the terms “emotion” and “cognition” can be useful in characterizing behaviors but will not be cleanly mapped into brain regions. In order to be verified, this claim requires models for the integration and interfacing of emotion and cognition; yet, such models remain problematic.
The cognitive-emotional brain: Opportunitvnies and challenges for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Shackman Alexander J. , Fox Andrew S. , Seminowicz David A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMany of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders are marked by prominent disturbances of cognition and emotion. Characterizing the complex neural circuitry underlying the interplay of cognition and emotion is critically important, not just for clarifying the nature of the mind, but also for discovering the root causes of a broad spectrum of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety, schizophrenia, and chronic pain.
Assessing the trend of HIV/AIDS mortality rate in Asia and North Africa: an application of latent growth models
Authors: ZAYERI F. , TALEBI GHANE E. , BORUMANDNIA N. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYOver the last 30 years, HIV/AIDS has emerged as a major global health challenge. This study evaluates the change of HIV/AIDS mortality rates in Asian and North African countries from 1990 to 2010 using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. HIV/AIDS mortality rates were derived from the GBD database from 1990 to 2010, for 52 countries in Asia and North Africa. First, a Latent Growth Model was employed to assess the change in AIDS mortality rate over time in six different regions of Asia, and also the change in AIDS mortality rate over time for males and females in Asia and North Africa. Finally, Latent Growth Mixture Models (LGMMs) were applied to identify distinct groups in which countries within each group have similar trends over time. Our results showed that increase in mortality rate over time for males is about three times greater than for females. The highest and lowest trend of AIDS mortality rates were observed in South-East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions, respectively. The LGMM allocated most countries in the South and South-East region into two classes with the highest trend of AIDS mortality rates. Although the HIV/AIDS mortality rates are decreasing in some countries and clusters, the general trend in the Asian continent is upwards. Therefore, it is necessary to provide programmes to achieve the goal of access to HIV prevention measures, treatment, care, and support for high-risk groups, especially in countries with a higher trend of AIDS mortality rates.
A comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus WHO-defined severe pneumonia in Moroccan children
Authors: JROUNDI I. , MAHRAOUI C. , BENMESSAOUD R. , MORALEDA C. , TLIGUI H. , SEFFAR M. , KETTANI S. E. C. EL , BENJELLOUN B. S. , CHAACHO S. , MUÑOZ-ALMAGRO C. , RUIZ J. , ALONSO P. L. , BASSAT Q. 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARYAcute respiratory infections remain the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in Moroccan children. Besides bacterial infections, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are prominent among other viruses due to their high prevalence and association with severe clinical episodes. We aimed to describe and compare RSV- and hMPV-associated cases of WHO-defined severe pneumonia in a paediatric population admitted to Morocco's reference hospital. Children aged 2–59 months admitted to the Hôpital d'Enfants de Rabat, Morocco meeting WHO-defined severe pneumonia criteria were recruited during 14 months and thoroughly investigated to ascertain a definitive diagnosis. Viral prevalence of RSV, hMPV and other viruses causing respiratory symptoms was investigated in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples through the use of molecular methods. Of the 683 children recruited and included in the final analysis, 61/683 (8·9%) and 124/683 (18·2%) were infected with hMPV and RSV, respectively. Besides a borderline significant tendency for higher age in hMPV cases, patients infected with either of the viruses behaved similarly in terms of demographics, patient history, past morbidity and comorbidity, vaccination history, socioeconomic background and family environment. Clinical presentation on arrival was also similar for both viruses, but hMPV cases were associated with more severity than RSV cases, had a higher risk of intensive care need, and received antibiotic treatment more frequently. RSV and hMPV are common and potentially life-threatening causes of WHO-defined pneumonia in Moroccan children. Both viruses show indistinctive clinical symptomatology, but in Moroccan children, hMPV was associated with a more severe evolution.
Focus marking asymmetries in Colloquial and Standard French: A stochastic optimality-theoretic account
Authors: DESTRUEL EMILIE 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the grammatical realization of the notion of focus in Colloquial French and Standard French. Based on two production experiments, the article reveals three findings: (i) focus marking is not as categorical as previously acknowledged, (ii) focus marking asymmetry for subjects vs. non-subjects is only supported in CoF and (iii) there is no strict relationship between focus realization and interpretation in either variety. I develop a stochastic optimality-theory analysis, which explains the canonical-cleft sentence alternation in terms of prosody and expands on past literature by accounting for the variation observed both within and across language variety.
From Federalism to Binationalism: Hannah Arendt's Shifting Zionism
Authors: RUBIN GIL 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe German-Jewish intellectual Hannah Arendt (1906–1975) had famously opposed the establishment of a Jewish nation state in Palestine. During the Second World War, however, Arendt also spoke out repeatedly against the establishment of a binational Arab-Jewish state. Rejecting both alternatives, Arendt advocated for the inclusion of Palestine in a multi-ethnic federation that would not consist only of Jews and Arabs. Only in 1948, in an effort to forestall partition, did Arendt revise her earlier critique and endorse a binational solution for Palestine. This article offers a new reading of the evolution of Arendt's thought on Zionism and argues that her support for federalism must be understood as part of a broader wartime debate over federalism as a solution to a variety of post-war nationality problems in Europe, the Middle East and the British Empire. By highlighting the link between debates on wartime federalism and the future of Palestine, this article also underscores the importance of examining the legacy of federalism in twentieth century Europe for a more complete understanding of the history of Zionism.
Shared and Divergent Auditory and Tactile Processing in Children with Autism and Children with Sensory Processing Dysfunction Relative to Typically Developing Peers
Authors: Demopoulos Carly , Brandes-Aitken Annie N. , Desai Shivani S. , Hill Susanna S. , Antovich Ashley D. , Harris Julia , Marco Elysa J. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare sensory processing in typically developing children (TDC), children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and those with sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) in the absence of an ASD. Performance-based measures of auditory and tactile processing were compared between male children ages 8–12 years assigned to an ASD (N=20), SPD (N=15), or TDC group (N=19). Both the SPD and ASD groups were impaired relative to the TDC group on a performance-based measure of tactile processing (right-handed graphesthesia). In contrast, only the ASD group showed significant impairment on an auditory processing index assessing dichotic listening, temporal patterning, and auditory discrimination. Furthermore, this impaired auditory processing was associated with parent-rated communication skills for both the ASD group and the combined study sample. No significant group differences were detected on measures of left-handed graphesthesia, tactile sensitivity, or form discrimination; however, more participants in the SPD group demonstrated a higher tactile detection threshold (60%) compared to the TDC (26.7%) and ASD groups (35%). This study provides support for use of performance-based measures in the assessment of children with ASD and SPD and highlights the need to better understand how sensory processing affects the higher order cognitive abilities associated with ASD, such as verbal and non-verbal communication, regardless of diagnostic classification. (JINS, 2015,21, 444–454)
Multilevel Faktorenanalyse für Fragebögen zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation
Authors: Sengewald Erik , Vetterlein Anja 
Published: July 2015

Zur Überprüfung der postulierten Messmodelle für Fragebögen zur Lehrveranstaltungsevaluation (LVE) werden konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen (CFA) entweder auf Studenten- oder Veranstaltungsebene durchgeführt. Der resultierende Modellfit ist oft inakzeptabel ( Marsh et al., 2009 ). Die vorliegende Studie vergleicht die konventionellen CFA-Verfahren in der LVE mit einer Multilevel-CFA anhand eines empirischen Beispiels mit 183 334 Studentenurteilen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen die Überlegenheit der Multilevel-CFA für die Analyse des Messmodells eines Fragebogens zur LVE. Es werden die Vorteile der Multilevel-CFA für die Erfassung der multidimensionalen Veranstaltungsqualität aufgezeigt und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten für die Hochschulforschung diskutiert.
Inconsistency Index for the Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality	Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ)
Authors: Aluja Anton , Blanch Angel , Martí-Guiu Maite , Blanco Eduardo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The purpose of this study is the development of an index to assess inconsistency in the answers of Zuckerman-Kuhlman-Aluja Personality Questionnaire (ZKA-PQ) in order to identify and discard inconsistent subjects in applied psychology, as clinical, forensics, or personnel selection. The procedure consists in the use of 10 pairs of highly correlated items in a wide sample of voluntary and anonymous subjects of both sexes (n = 5.644). We inserted random cases to the original data in order to obtain simulated scores of inconsistency and we established a cut-off criterion to discriminate between consistent and inconsistent subjects according to a 70 T Score. A score higher than 10 points discriminated the 3.7% of the subjects. Cronbach’s alpha average for facets was calculated by ZKA-PQ facets distributed in 8 (α: 0.79), 9–10 (α: 0.67), and above 10 points (α: .50) of the inconsistency index. The Feldt test indicates that alpha differences were significant. The inconsistency score did not affect the factorial structure of the ZKA-PQ. We discussed the utility of this index to identify inconsistent subjects with the ZKA-PQ, as, for instance, those with individual difficulties (a limited vocabulary, poor verbal comprehension, an idiosyncratic way of interpreting item meanings, carelessness, inattentiveness…).
Imagined Intergroup Contact and Common Ingroup	Identity
Authors: Vezzali Loris , Stathi Sofia , Crisp Richard J. , Giovannini Dino , Capozza Dora , Gaertner Samuel L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract. We conducted two studies involving two different age groups (elementary school children and adults) aimed at integrating imagined contact and common ingroup identity models. In the first study, Italian elementary school children were asked to imagine interacting with an unknown immigrant peer as members of a common group. Results revealed that common ingroup imagined contact, relative to a control condition, improved outgroup helping intentions assessed 1 week and 2 weeks after the intervention. In the second study, common ingroup imagined contact led Italian university students to display higher intentions to have contact with immigrants compared to control conditions. In conclusion, results from both studies demonstrate that imagining an intergroup interaction as members of the same group strengthens the effects of imagined contact. These findings point to the importance of combining the common ingroup identity model and the imagined contact theory in order to increase the potentiality of prejudice reduction interventions.