bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological deficits in past suicide attempters with varying levels of depression severity
Authors: Keilp J. G. , Beers S. R. , Burke A. K. , Melhem N. M. , Oquendo M. A. , Brent D. A. , Mann J. J. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundOur previous work identified deficits in interference processing and learning/memory in past suicide attempters who were currently depressed and medication-free. In this study, we extend this work to an independent sample studied at various stages of illness and treatment (mild symptoms, on average) to determine if these deficits in past suicide attempters are evident during a less severe clinical state.MethodA total of 80 individuals with a past history of major depression and suicide attempt were compared with 81 individuals with a history of major depression and no lifetime suicide attempts on a battery of neurocognitive measures assessing attention, memory, abstract/contingent learning, working memory, language fluency and impulse control.ResultsPast attempters performed more poorly in attention, memory and working memory domains, but also in an estimate of pre-morbid intelligence. After correction for this estimate, tests that had previously distinguished past attempters – a computerized Stroop task and the Buschke Selective Reminding Test – remained significantly worse in attempters. In a secondary analysis, similar differences were found among those with the lowest levels of depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score <10), suggesting that these deficits may be trait markers independent of current symptomatology.ConclusionsDeficits in interference processing and learning/memory constitute an enduring defect in information processing that may contribute to poor adaptation, other higher-order cognitive impairments and risk for suicidal behavior.
Environmental attitudes associated with large-scale cultural differences, not local environmental conflicts
Authors: GANGAAS KRISTIN E. , KALTENBORN BJØRN P. , ANDREASSEN HARRY P. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYSpecies and ecosystems are under constant pressure from a rapidly-growing human population. Human tolerance of carnivores, including the willingness to live in areas with these predators, is key to the success of large carnivore conservation. In the Scandinavian Peninsula, large carnivore populations conflict with human activity; low tolerance among local people may lead to illegal hunting. A survey of 2521 Scandinavian respondents to measure environmental value orientation, using the new environmental paradigm (NEP) scale and attitudes toward large carnivores, revealed attitudes towards the presence of carnivores were not related to carnivore abundance. Nor was there a significant relationship between environmental value orientation and personal experiences with loss of domestic sheep or hunting dogs. Environmental values were mainly explained by country differences; Swedes had a more ecocentric value orientation than Norwegians. Significantly more Norwegians (45 %) than Swedes (19 %) responded that there were too many carnivores in their country. Historic differences in how government is perceived between Norway and Sweden may result in different attitudes towards illegal hunting and towards carnivores. Specifically, Norwegians may hold a more anthropocentric view, based on a suspicion of central authorities, whereas Swedes may hold a more ecocentric view.
Impact of diabetes on clinical presentation and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis in Beijing
Authors: HONGGUANG C. , MIN L. , SHIWEN J. , FANGHUI G. , SHAOPING H. , TIEJIE G. , NA L. , ZHIGUO Z. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYDiabetes mellitus (DM) is currently known to be one of the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and the proportion of DM in PTB is rising along with the increased prevalence of DM in countries with high PTB burden. This study was designed to explore the impact of DM on clinical presentation and treatment outcome of PTB in China. In an urban setting in Beijing, 1126 PTB patients, 30·6% with positive sputum smear, registered in two PTB dispensaries from January 2010 to December 2011 were screened for DM and were followed up prospectively during PTB treatment. DM was observed in 16·2% of patients with PTB. PTB with DM appeared to be associated with older age and a higher proportion of re-treatment. On presentation, DM was associated with more severe PTB signs with higher proportions of smear positivity [odds ratio (OR) 2·533, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·779–3·606], cavity (OR 2·253, 95% CI 1·549–3·276) and more symptoms (OR 1·779, 95% CI 1·176–2·690). DM was also associated with non-TB deaths (OR 5·580, 95% CI 2·182–14·270,P < 0·001) and treatment failure (OR 6·696, 95% CI 2·019–22·200,P = 0·002). In Beijing, the findings of this study underlined the need to perform early bi-directional screening programmes and explore the underlying mechanism for different treatment outcomes for PTB with DM.
Exercise-induced cardiac fatigue in low and normal birth weight young black adults
Authors: Chifamba Jephat , Mapfumo Chidochashe , Mawoneke Dorcas W. , Gwaunza Lenon T. , Allen Larry A. , Chinyanga Herbert M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe objective of the study was to compare the change in diastolic function, E/A ratio, in response to prolonged exercise in low birth weight and normal birth weight individuals. Using a case–control study design, 23 students of the University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences who had neonatal clinic cards as proof of birth weight were recruited into the study. Measurements of diastolic function, E/A ratio, were obtained using an echocardiogram before and after 75 minutes of exercise. Among the cohort, seven had low birth weight – <2500 g, three female patients and four male patients – and 16 had normal birth weight – six female patients and 10 male patients). The mean age was 20.7±3.3 years. After prolonged exercise for 75 minutes of running on a treadmill, decreases in diastolic function, E/A ratio, were significantly greater in low birth weight than in normal birth weight individuals (0.48±0.27 versus 0.19±0.18 p<0.05, respectively). There was a significant association between low birth weight and exercise-induced cardiac fatigue (the χ2test p<0.05, odds ratio 4.64, 95% confidence interval 1.19–18.1). We conclude that low birth weight is associated with exercise-induced diastolic dysfunction in young adults.
Horner’s syndrome after paediatric cardiac surgery: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nasser Bana A. , Mesned Abdulrahman , Moazamy Yousry E. , Kabbani Mohamed S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIatrogenic Horner’s syndrome is a rare complication that can occur after trauma, cervical central line insertion, chest tube insertion, and rarely following adult thoracic and neck surgery, especially in high risk patients with hypertension and diabetes. The majority of cases reported in the literature describe non-iatrogenic Horner’s syndrome in adults as an unusual presentation for cervical tumours or apical lung carcinoma. In children, there are some reports describing acquired Horner’s syndrome following trauma or invasive intervention near the cervical–thoracic area. Less has been written about the incidence of Horner’s syndrome following paediatric cardiac surgery.
Thoracotomy Paraplegia: A Case Report from the PACU
Authors: Huang Tzu H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe aim of this case report is to present the rare yet devastating complication of post-thoracotomy paraplegia and to raise awareness of the causative factors, as well as to discuss the nursing observation for prompt and effective clinical management in order to achieve successful healthcare outcomes. This case was secondary to the use of haemostatic agents during thoracotomy, and delayed post-operative identification of complication and management leading to long-term spinal cord impairment. Routine neurologic assessment focusing on movement and sensation of the extremities is recommended post-operatively to detect the potential complications as early as possible.
Reduced growth and proliferation dynamics of nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells in nasal polyps in vitro
Authors: Yu Xue Min , Li Chun Wei , Chao Siew Shuen , Li Ying Ying , Yan Yan , Zhao Xue Ning , Yu Feng Gang , Liu Jing , Shen Liang , Pan Xin Liang , Shi Li , Wang De Yun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBasal cells in nasal epithelium have stemness/progenitor characters and play essential roles in the epithelial remodeling in nasal polyps (NP). We investigate whether the human nasal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (hNESPCs) from patients with NP are inherently distinct from those obtained from healthy controls. Epithelial basal cells were isolated and cultured for four passages from NP tissues and control nasal mucosa. hNESPCs from controls were stained positively with stem cell marker p63 and KRT5 and presented a consistent high Ki67 expression level over four passages. In contrast, hNESPCs from NP patients showed: i). a reduced growth and proliferation rate at each passage by evaluating colony-forming efficiency and doubling time; ii). a lower percentage of Ki67+ cells among p63+ cells in the colonies in late passages, which was also confirmed by immunostaining in the NP tissues. Thus reduced growth/proliferation dynamics in hNESPCs from NP could be an important pathological phenomenon in NP development.
Six-dimensional quantum dynamics study for the dissociative adsorption of DCl on Au(111) surface
Authors: Liu Tianhui , Fu Bina , Zhang Dong H. 
Published: April 2014

We carried out six-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations for the dissociative adsorption of deuterium chloride (DCl) on Au(111) surface using the initial state-selected time-dependent wave packet approach. The four-dimensional dissociation probabilities are also obtained with the center of mass of DCl fixed at various sites. These calculations were all performed based on an accurate potential energy surface recently constructed by neural network fitting to density function theory energy points. The origin of the extremely small dissociation probability for DCl/HCl (v = 0, j = 0) fixed at the top site compared to other fixed sites is elucidated in this study. The influence of vibrational excitation and rotational orientation of DCl on the reactivity was investigated by calculating six-dimensional dissociation probabilities. The vibrational excitation of DCl enhances the reactivity substantially and the helicopter orientation yields higher dissociation probability than the cartwheel orientation. The site-averaged dissociation probability over 25 fixed sites obtained from four-dimensional quantum dynamics calculations can accurately reproduce the six-dimensional dissociation probability.
Importance of positioning for microbial evolution
Authors: Kim Wook , Racimo Fernando , Schluter Jonas , Levy Stuart B. , Foster Kevin R. 
Published: April 2014

SignificanceMicrobes commonly form dense communities that are central to many diseases and bioremediation. Here we demonstrate a simple and general principle of living in dense communities: microbes will commonly compete to reach nutrients at the community edge, akin to plants competing for light. We follow the evolution of a highly competitive genotype in colonies of a soil bacterium. We show that the genotype gains its advantage not from its intrinsic growth rate but by positioning itself at the surface of the community, where it gains preferential access to oxygen. A large-scale genetic analysis reveals striking parallel evolution and evidence of strong natural selection. Our work suggests that positioning is a major basis for evolutionary competition in dense microbial communities.
The Myth of ‘Three Italies’: Differences and Similarities in Environmental Values Between Macro-Regions
Authors: Veltri Giuseppe A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
One of the most frequently perceived divisions in Italy is that of a substantial cultural discrepancy in the environmental values of the North, the Centre and the South. The recent and prolonged waste crisis in Southern Italy reinforced this common public discourse. There are, however, no recent studies that have explored these alleged differences. This study aims to fill this hiatus by analysing differences across macro-regions in terms of the endorsement of basic environmental values. Differences in environmental values are examined using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale with a multi-level variance components analysis. The findings suggest that whilst dissimilarities between macro-regions do exist, they are not in fact as significant as might be expected, thus indicating the existence of a national cultural homogeneity in terms of ‘primitive’ beliefs towards nature and humanity's relationship with it. The findings also highlight the problems of ‘Ecological Fallacy’ and underscore the complexity of the relationship between values and behaviour.
ProQM-resample: improved model quality assessment for membrane proteins by limited conformational sampling
Authors: Wallner Björn 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Summary: Model Quality Assessment Programs (MQAPs) are used to predict the quality of modeled protein structures. These usually use two approaches: methods using consensus of many alternative models and methods requiring only a single model to do its prediction. The consensus methods are useful to improve overall accuracy; however, they frequently fail to pick out the best possible model and cannot be used to generate and score new structures. Single-model methods, on the other hand, do not have these inherent shortcomings and can be used to both sample new structures and improve existing consensus methods. Here, we present ProQM-resample , a membrane protein-specific single-model MQAP, that couples side-chain resampling with MQAP rescoring by ProQM to improve model selection. The side-chain resampling is able to improve side-chain packing for 96% of all models, and improve model selection by 24% as measured by the sum of the Z-score for the first-ranked model (from 25.0 to 31.1), even better than the state-of-the-art consensus method Pcons. The improved model selection can be attributed to the improved side-chain quality, which enables the MQAP to rescue good backbone models with poor side-chain packing.
Availability and implementation: http://proqm.wallnerlab.org/download/ .
Contact: bjornw@ifm.liu.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Measuring Adverse Events in Hospitalized Patients: An Administrative Method for Measuring Harm
Authors: Martin John , Benjamin Evan M. , Craver Christopher , Kroch Eugene A. , Nelson Eugene C. , Bankowitz Richard 
Published: April 2014

Context
Current methods for tracking harm either require costly full manual chart review (FMCR) or rely on proxy methods that have questionable accuracy. We propose an administrative measure of harm detection that uses electronically captured data.

Objective
Determine the level of agreement on harm event occurrence when harm is detected based on an administrative harm measurement tool (AHMT) compared with FMCR.

Design
A retrospective chart review was used to measure the level of agreement in harm detection between an AHMT that uses electronically captured data and a FMCR.

Setting
The inpatient hospital setting was used.

Patients
Approximately 771 medical records from 5 hospitals were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measures
Measures of positive predictive value, negative predictive value, weighted sensitivity, weighted specificity, and concordance were used to evaluate agreement between the 2 methods.

Results
Although there was agreement at the harm-event level, the results were not all as high as desired: adjusted sensitivity 65%, adjusted specificity 85%, positive predictive value (PPV) 59%, negative predictive value (NPV) 88%, and concordance 75%. The patient-level results show greater agreement: adjusted sensitivity 95%, adjusted specificity 86%, PPV 61%, NPV 99%, and concordance 81%.

Conclusion
The AHMT is sufficiently accurate for use as a within hospital tool to reliably detect and track harm. Nevertheless, it is not recommended as a tool to make comparisons across institutions, which has policy and payment implications. Further research using administrative harm detection, including the use of a broader set of measures and electronic health records, is needed.
Plasma Membranes Are Subcompartmentalized into a Plethora of Coexisting and Diverse Microdomains inArabidopsisandNicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Jarsch Iris K. , Konrad Sebastian S.A. , Stratil Thomas F. , Urbanus Susan L. , Szymanski Witold , Braun Pascal , Braun Karl-Heinz , Ott Thomas 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEukaryotic plasma membranes are highly compartmentalized structures. So far, only a few individual proteins that function in a wide range of cellular processes have been shown to segregate into microdomains. However, the biological roles of most microdomain-associated proteins are unknown. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of distinct microdomains and the complexity of their coexistence. This diversity was determined in living cells of intact multicellular tissues using 20 different marker proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, mostly belonging to the Remorin protein family. These proteins associate with microdomains at the cytosolic leaflet of the plasma membrane. We characterized these membrane domains and determined their lateral dynamics by extensive quantitative image analysis. Systematic colocalization experiments with an extended subset of marker proteins tested in 45 different combinations revealed the coexistence of highly distinct membrane domains on individual cell surfaces. These data provide valuable tools to study the lateral segregation of membrane proteins and their biological functions in living plant cells. They also demonstrate that widely used biochemical approaches such as detergent-resistant membranes cannot resolve this biological complexity of membrane compartmentalization in vivo.
Identifying the prevalence of aggressive behaviour reported by Registered Intellectual Disability Nurses in residential intellectual disability services: an Irish perspective
Authors: Crotty G. , Doody O. , Lyons R. 
Published: April 2014

Purpose– Despite the high incidence of aggressive behaviours among some individuals with intellectual disability, Ireland has paid little attention to the prevalence of aggressive behaviours experienced by Registered Intellectual Disability Nurses (RNID). Within services the focus is mainly on intervention and management of such behaviours. Therefore a disparity occurs in that these interventions and management strategies have become the exclusive concern. Resulting in aggressive behaviour being seen as a sole entity, where similar interventions and management strategies are used for ambiguously contrasting aggressive behaviours. Consequently the ability to document and assess-specific behaviour typologies and their prevalence is fundamental not only to understand these behaviour types but also to orient and educate RNIDs in specific behaviour programme development. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This study reports on a survey of the prevalence of verbal aggression, aggression against property and aggression against others experienced by RNIDs’ within four residential settings across two health service executive regions in Ireland. A purposeful non-random convenience sampling method was employed. Totally, 119 RNIDs responded to the survey which was an adaptation of Crockeret al.(2006) survey instrument Modified Overt Aggression Scale.Findings– The findings of this study showed the experienced prevalence rate of verbal aggression, aggression against property and aggression against others were 64, 48.9 and 50.7 per cent, respectively. Cross-tabulation of specific correlates identifies those with a mild and intellectual disability as displaying a greater prevalence of verbal aggression and aggression against property. While those with a moderate intellectual disability displayed a higher prevalence of aggression against others. Males were reported as more aggressive across all three typologies studied and those aged between 20 and 39 recorded the highest prevalence of aggression across all three typologies. The practice classification areas of challenging behaviour and low support reported the highest prevalence of aggression within all typologies.Originality/value– The health care of the person with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour presents an enormous challenge for services. In-order to improve considerably the quality of life for clients, services need to take a careful considered pragmatic view of the issues for the person with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour and develop realistic, proactive and responsive strategies. To do this, precise knowledge of the prevalence of aggressive behaviours needs to be obtained. This study is the first of its kind in the Republic of Ireland.
Integrative psychotherapy in intellectual disabilities: using cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic formulations
Authors: Drury Helena , Alim Nadja 
Published: April 2014

Purpose
– This purpose of this paper is to outline how a combination of different psychological models may inform formulation and treatment, and the benefits for the client and the therapist of working in this way.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is a single case study, describing an integrative approach in which psychodynamic ideas were used to inform cognitive-behavioural treatment.

Findings
– The integrated approach reported here not only allowed the client to develop his skills in problem solving and taking different perspectives, but also to take a more active role in decisions about his life.

Practical implications
– Integrative approaches may be of particular use for individuals who have not shown a full response to interventions based on a single theoretical model. Malan's triangles of insight provide a clear structure to psychodynamic formulation that is easily accessible to emerging psychodynamic practitioners.

Originality/value
– Little previous research has described integrative approaches for psychological difficulties in people with an intellectual disability. The approach outlined in this study describes reasons for using an integrative approach, provides one example of how different models may be combined in practice, and describes ways in which the integrative approach enriched the intervention.