bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Oriented, Temporally Sequential Smooth Muscle Cell-Endothelial Progenitor Cell Bi-Level Cell Sheet Neovascularizes Ischemic Myocardium
Authors: Shudo Yasuhiro , Cohen Jeffrey E. , MacArthur John W. , Atluri Pavan , Hsiao Philip F. , Yang Elaine C. , Fairman Alexander S. , Trubelja Alen , Patel Jay , Miyagawa Shigeru , Sawa Yoshiki , Woo Y. Joseph 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) possess robust therapeutic angiogenic potential, yet may be limited in the capacity to develop into fully mature vasculature. This problem might be exacerbated by the absence of a neovascular foundation, namely pericytes, with simple EPC injection. We hypothesized that coculturing EPCs with smooth muscle cells (SMCs), components of the surrounding vascular wall, in a cell sheet will mimic the native spatial orientation and interaction between EPCs and SMCs to create a supratherapeutic angiogenic construct in a model of ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results—
Primary EPCs and SMCs were isolated from Wistar rats. Confluent SMCs topped with confluent EPCs were spontaneously detached from the Upcell dish to create an SMC-EPC bi-level cell sheet. A rodent ischemic cardiomyopathy model was created by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats were then immediately divided into 3 groups: cell-sheet transplantation (n=14), cell injection (n=12), and no treatment (n=13). Cocultured EPCs and SMCs stimulated an abundant release of multiple cytokines in vitro. Increased capillary density and improved blood perfusion in the borderzone elucidated the significant in vivo angiogenic potential of this technology. Most interestingly, however, cell fate–tracking experiments demonstrated that the cell-sheet EPCs and SMCs directly migrated into the myocardium and differentiated into elements of newly formed functional vasculature. The robust angiogenic effect of this cell sheet translated to enhanced ventricular function as demonstrated by echocardiography.

Conclusions—
Spatially arranged EPC-SMC bi-level cell-sheet technology facilitated the natural interaction between EPCs and SMCs, thereby creating structurally mature, functional microvasculature in a rodent ischemic cardiomyopathy model, leading to improved myocardial function.
Outcomes of Patients Presenting With Acute Type A Aortic Dissection in the Setting of Prior Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Teman Nicholas R. , Peterson Mark D. , Russo Mark J. , Ehrlich Marek P. , Myrmel Truls , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Greason Kevin , Fillinger Mark , Forteza Alberto , Deeb George Michael , Montgomery Daniel G. , Eagle Kim A. , Isselbacher Eric M. , Nienaber Christoph A. , Patel Himanshu J. 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Prior cardiac surgery (PCS) can complicate the presentation and management of patients with type A acute aortic dissection (TAAAD). This report from the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection examines this hypothesis.

Methods and Results—

A total of 352 of 2196 patients with TAAAD (16%) enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection had cardiac surgery before dissection, including coronary artery bypass grafting (34%), aortic or mitral valve surgery (36%), aortic surgery (42%), and other cardiac surgery (16%). Those with PCS were older, had a higher frequency of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, and presented later from symptom onset to hospital presentation and diagnosis (all
P
<0.05). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher for PCS patients (34% versus 23%;
P
<0.001). Five-year mortality was independently predicted by PCS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–3.95), age >70 years (HR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.40–5.05), medical management (HR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.43–10.71), distal communication (HR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.35–5.14), and coma (HR, 9.50; 95% CI, 2.05–44.05). Among patients with PCS, in-hospital (43% medical versus 30% surgical;
P
=0.033) and intermediate-term mortality was higher in patients with medical versus surgical management. Propensity-matched analysis revealed significant increase in mortality with medical management, but not with PCS.

Conclusions—
PCS delays presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of TAAAD and is an important adverse risk factor for early and intermediate-term mortality. This effect may be because of increased medical management in this patient population.
Surgical Palliation Strategy Does Not Affect Interstage Ventricular Dysfunction or Atrioventricular Valve Regurgitation in Children With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome and Variants
Authors: Chetan Devin , Kotani Yasuhiro , Jacques Frederic , Poynter Jeffrey A. , Benson Lee N. , Lee Kyong-Jin , Chaturvedi Rajiv R. , Friedberg Mark K. , Van Arsdell Glen S. , Caldarone Christopher A. , Honjo Osami 
Published: September 2013

Background—
All 3 palliation strategies, Norwood, Sano, and Hybrid, currently used for hypoplastic left heart syndrome pose a risk of myocardial injury at different times and through different mechanisms. We sought to compare these strategies to understand longitudinal differences in interstage ventricular dysfunction and their subsequent impact on transplant-free survival and atrioventricular valve regurgitation (AVVR) as well as the relationship between adverse events and ventricular function.

Methods and Results—
Serial echocardiographic reports and clinical data were reviewed for 138 children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome who underwent stage I surgical palliation (Sano: 11; Norwood: 73; Hybrid: 54) between 2004 and 2011. Stage II palliation was achieved in 92 (67%) patients (Sano: 7; Norwood: 51; Hybrid: 34). Interstage transplant-free survival, ventricular dysfunction, and AVVR were equivalent among palliation strategies. Patients with preserved ventricular function had a higher rate of transplant-free survival and freedom from AVVR, regardless of palliation strategy. Patients who had cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (adverse events) experienced more transient and persistent ventricular dysfunction compared to those without adverse events. Surgical palliation strategies were not identified as risk factors for ventricular dysfunction or AVVR.

Conclusions—
Surgical palliation strategy does not affect mortality, interstage ventricular function, or interstage AVVR in children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Therefore, the different timing and mechanisms of myocardial injury among palliation strategies do not affect outcomes. Ventricular dysfunction adversely affects transplant-free survival and atrioventricular valve function. Adverse events are associated with the development of ventricular dysfunction. To improve outcomes, interstage treatment should focus on the preservation of ventricular function.
Creation of Nonischemic Functional Mitral Regurgitation by Annular Dilatation and Nonplanar Modification in a Chronic In Vivo Swine Model
Authors: Yamauchi Haruo , Feins Eric N. , Vasilyev Nikolay V. , Shimada Shogo , Zurakowski David , del Nido Pedro J. 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Mechanisms and treatments of nonischemic functional mitral regurgitation (NIMR) are not fully established, in part, because of a lack of proper large animal models. We developed a novel technique of NIMR creation in a swine model by making multiple small incisions in the mitral annulus.

Methods and Results—

Ex vivo experiments using isolated swine hearts (n=10) showed a 15% increase in annular area (6.8–7.8 cm
2
) after 16 incisions were made along the posterior mitral annulus of a pressurized left ventricle. In an in vivo swine model (n=7; 46.4±2.2 kg), NIMR was created by making fourteen to twenty-six 2-mm incisions in the atrial aspect of the mitral annulus using a cardioport video-assisted imaging system in the beating heart. Animals were euthanized at 4 weeks (n=4) and 6 weeks (n=3). Three-dimensional (3D) echocardiography was obtained before and immediately after NIMR creation and at euthanasia; vena contracta area, mitral annular dimension, left ventricular volume, and inter-papillary muscle distance were measured. The mitral annular incisions resulted in mild to moderate mitral regurgitation and an increased vena contracta area. NIMR creation altered mitral valve geometry by decreasing mitral annular nonplanarity and increasing annular area, primarily in the anteroposterior dimension. NIMR creation did not significantly change left ventricular volume or inter-papillary muscle distance. Longer follow-up period did not significantly affect these outcomes.

Conclusions—
NIMR can successfully be created in a beating heart swine model and results in dilatation and 3D changes in mitral annular geometry. This model can enhance the experimental validation of new valve repair devices and techniques.
“Playing the Football of Love on the Field of the Body”: The Contemporary Repertoire of Baul Songs
Authors: Lorea Carola Erika 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article analyzes the contemporary repertoire of a very popular genre of Bengali folk songs, performed by itinerant singers and practitioners of an esoteric cult known as Bauls. Considering the recent popularization and commercialization of Baul songs and their interference with the urban milieu, the discourse on the authenticity of Baul songs is explored from an inter-disciplinary perspective that embraces orality-literacy studies as well as social studies on cultural tourism, underlining the limits of previous academic works on the subject. This article offers, as an original contribution, the first results of ongoing fieldwork among the disciples of a śākta saint and composer of Baul songs known as Bhaba Pagla. Through discussion of the lyrics of songs performed in contemporary Baul festivals, this article argues that the contamination of Baul songs by urban élites and middle-class audiences, far from deteriorating the oral tradition, may enrich the vocabulary of the compositions and reinforce the underlying belief system. Contrarily to the popular and academic view of today’s Bauls, that labels the entertaining performer as a corrupted ally of show business, the priority of gānsādhanā (singing as a practice for self-realization) may be interpreted as an efficient way to conceal heterodox esoteric rituals vis-à-vis the increasing interest of cultural tourists in Baul culture and performances, protecting the secrecy of the tradition through an innovative and negotiated version of sandhyā-bhāṣā (twilight-language), the literary device that has accompanied Bengali esoteric songs since their origins.
Potential Vorticity Budgets in the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Deremble Bruno , Wienders N. , Dewar W. K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper focuses on potential vorticity (PV) budgets in the North Atlantic with an emphasis on the wind-driven subtropical gyre. Since PV is the key dynamical variable of the wind-driven circulation, these budgets are important to understand. PV is a conservative quantity on isopycnals and can only enter or exit through the boundaries, like the lateral topography or the surface. The latter fluxes are diagnosed and tested against the evolution of the PV content in an isopycnal layer. The former are computed using the Bernoulli function. The essential result is found for all the tested isopycnals, and the dominant feature of PV is recirculation, with very little added at the surface or the boundaries. Density coordinates are well suited to understanding PV circulation. A novel technique for computing the Bernoulli function is proposed. The Bernoulli function is governed by a simple elliptic equation and the solutions demonstrate the dominant contribution of PV advection.
Impaired aortic distensibility in hypothyroid patients with negative coronary angiograms: Simultaneous evaluation with 128-slice multiple row detector computed tomography
Authors: Dusak Abdurrahim , Gokalp Gokhan , Erdogan Cuneyt , Parlak Mufit 
Published: September 2013

Objective To determine the relationship between arterial distensibility and hypothyroidism by simultaneous assessment of coronary angiography and aortic distensibility, measured using 128-slice retrospective electrocardiogram-gated multiple row detector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods Untreated hypothyroid patients and age-matched euthyroid patients, who underwent 128-slice retrospective electrocardiogram-gated MDCT to evaluate the coronary arteries, were assessed. Intraluminal aortic areas in systolic and diastolic phases of the cardiac cycle were measured with multiphase reformation at predefined locations including the ascending aorta, proximal descending aorta and distal descending aorta in the widest axial plane. Results The study included 21 hypothyroid and 21 euthyroid patients. Patients with hypothyroidism exhibited decreased aortic distensibility between each location in the thoracic aorta (ascending aorta, proximal descending aorta and distal descending aorta) compared with euthryoid patients. Conclusions Hypothyroidism was associated with preclinical vascular alteration, characterized by impaired aortic distensibility at each location of the thoracic aorta, which has been shown to be related to increased cardiovascular risk. Monitoring of aortic distensibility is relevant for evaluating coronary artery disease progression and treatment choices.
Reframing Employee Engagement Within the Context of Meaning and Purpose
Authors: Shuck Brad , Rose Kevin 
Published: September 2013

The Problem Leaders who develop high levels of employee engagement within their organizations enjoy increased levels of competitive advantage. Consequently, organizations understandably desire higher levels of engagement. However, present research and perspectives on employee engagement have focused primarily on leveraging outcomes toward performance rather than the conditions that nurture performance. Such a unidimensional focus presents a gap in understanding how engagement emerges in practice and what strategies human resource development (HRD) practitioners can utilize to cultivate positive conditions for employee engagement. The Solution Reframing engagement within the context of meaning and purpose provides a unique lens from which to view the conditions that cultivate the development of engagement. In this article, we present an alternative, yet complementary view of employee engagement that focuses on how performance can be sustained within the context of meaning and purpose. Emerging implications for the field of HRD are explored. The Stakeholders The intended audience for this article includes HRD scholars, scholar-practitioners, practitioners, and students interested in the development and use of employee engagement, meaningful work, and the operationalization of meaning and purpose within an HRD context.
Public Opinion in the U.S. States: 1956 to 2010
Authors: Enns Peter K. , Koch Julianna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn this article, we create, validate, and analyze new dynamic measures of state partisanship, state policy mood, and state political ideology. The measures of partisanship and policy mood begin in 1956 and the measure of ideology begins in 1976. Our approach uses the advantages of two leading techniques for measuring state public opinion—multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) and survey aggregation. The resulting estimates are based on nearly 500 different surveys with a total of more than 740,000 respondents. After validating our measures, we show that during the last half century, policy preferences in the states have shifted in important and sometimes surprising ways. For example, we find that differences in political attitudes across time can be as important as differences across states.
The Direct Plantar Plate Repair Technique
Authors: McAlister Jeffrey E. , Hyer Christopher F. 
Published: September 2013

Lesser metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint instability is a common and painful condition that can severely limit activity and recreation. Synovitis and joint effusion may be seen early on with progression of instability to encompass predislocation and eventual complete dislocation of the MTP joint. Various surgical techniques have been described to treat lesser MTP joint instability and associated hammertoe deformities. Many surgeons experience frustration with the surgical outcome of metatarsal osteotomies and flexor transfers commonly used for this condition. The plantar plate apparatus is felt to be at the heart of the pathomechanics of this condition in many instances and is often misunderstood or even overlooked. Indirect dorsal approaches to plantar plate repair often require reliance on complex instrumentation and provide a limited view of the involved structures. The authors describe a direct plantar approach technique for plantar plate repair with realignment of the lesser MTP joint and hammertoe pathologies. Level of Evidence: V
Severe late-onset multisystem cytomegalovirus infection in a premature neonate previously treated for congenital infection
Authors: El-Sayed Manal F , Goldfarb David M , Fulford Martha , Pernica Jeffrey M 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Cytomegalovirus is the most common pathogen causing congenital infection and can result in significant neurodevelopmental adverse outcomes. For this reason, it is the standard of care in many regions to treat congenital cytomegalovirus infection involving the brain with six weeks of ganciclovir. There have been no reports in the published literature of significant cytomegalovirus neonatal infection in infants previously treated for congenital infection.

Case presentation
A preterm male infant with congenital symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection was initially treated with over 8 weeks of ganciclovir between the ages of 3 and 14 weeks. At four months chronologic age, just prior to planned discharge, he developed an episode of life-threatening multisystem cytomegalovirus disease notable for severe pneumonitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. This disease resolved after re-treatment with a prolonged course of intravenous ganciclovir and oral valganciclovir.

Conclusions
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of recurrence of congenital cytomegalovirus infection, especially in preterm infants. Serial plasma cytomegalovirus viral load monitoring may have a role in the management of premature infants treated with ganciclovir; had the diagnosis of recrudescent cytomegalovirus infection been considered sooner, specific therapy might have been more quickly initiated and perhaps further morbidity would have been prevented.
Exploring smooth muscle phenotype and function in a bioreactor model of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Riches Kirsten , Angelini Timothy G , Mudhar Gurprit S , Kaye Jean , Clark Emily , Bailey Marc A , Sohrabi Soroush , Korossis Sotirios , Walker Peter G , Scott D Julian A , Porter Karen E 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) are central to arterial structure and function yet their involvement in the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease is not well studied. The progressive and silent nature of AAA in man essentially restricts research to the use of “end-stage” tissue recovered during surgical repair. This study aimed to generate an ex vivo model of AAA using protease-treated porcine carotid arteries maintained in a novel bioreactor, and to compare the structural and functional changes in SMC cultured from the recovered vessels with those from human tissue acquired at elective surgical repair.

Methods
Freshly isolated porcine arteries were pretreated with collagenase and/or elastase before culturing under flow in a bioreactor for 12 days. Human end-stage aneurysmal tissue and saphenous veins from age-matched controls were collected from patients undergoing surgery. SMC were cultured and characterised (immunocytochemistry, measurement of spread cell area) and assessed functionally at the level of proliferation (cell-counting) and matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion (gelatin zymography). Cellular senescence was investigated using β-galactosidase staining and apoptosis was quantified using a fluorescence-based caspase 3 assay.

Results
Co-expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain confirmed all cell populations as SMC. Porcine SMC harvested and cultivated after collagenase/elastase pretreatment displayed a prominent “rhomboid” morphology, increased spread area (32%, P < 0.01), impaired proliferation (47% reduction, P < 0.05), increased senescence (52%, P < 0.001), susceptibility to apoptosis and reduced MMP-2 secretion (60% decrease, P < 0.01) compared with SMC from vehicle, collagenase or elastase pre-treated vessels. Notably, these changes were comparable to those observed in human AAA SMC which were 2.4-fold larger than non-aneurysmal SMC (P < 0.001) and exhibited reduced proliferation (39% reduction, P < 0.001), greater apoptosis (4-fold increase, P < 0.001), and increased senescence (61%, P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Combined collagenase/elastase exposure of porcine artery maintained in a bioreactor under flow conditions induced a SMC phenotype characteristic of those cultured from end-stage AAA specimens. This model has potential and versatility to examine temporal changes in SMC biology and to identify the molecular mechanisms leading to early aberrancies in SMC function. In the longer term this may inform new targets to maintain aortic SMC content and drive cells to a “reparative” phenotype at early stages of the disease.
DSM-5: a collection of psychiatrist views on the changes, controversies, and future directions
Authors: Nemeroff Charles B , Weinberger Daniel , Rutter Michael , MacMillan Harriet L , Bryant Richard A , Wessely Simon , Stein Dan J , Pariante Carmine M , Seemüller Florian , Berk Michael , Malhi Gin S , Preisig Martin , Brüne Martin , Lysaker Paul 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The recent release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association has led to much debate. For this forum article, we asked BMC Medicine Editorial Board members who are experts in the field of psychiatry to discuss their personal views on how the changes in DSM-5 might affect clinical practice in their specific areas of psychiatric medicine. This article discusses the influence the DSM-5 may have on the diagnosis and treatment of autism, trauma-related and stressor-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, mood disorders (including major depression and bipolar disorders), and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.