bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marginal Zone B Cells Transport IgG3-Immune Complexes to Splenic Follicles
Authors: Zhang Lu , Ding Zhoujie , Xu Hui , Heyman Birgitta 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAg administered together with specific IgG3 induces a higher Ab response than Ag administered alone, an effect requiring the presence of complement receptors 1 and 2 (CR1/2). In this study, we have investigated the fate of Ag, the development of germinal centers (GCs), and the Ab response after i.v. administration of IgG3 anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) in complex with OVA-TNP. After 2 h, OVA-TNP was detected on marginal zone (MZ) B cells, and a substantial amount of Ag was detected in splenic follicles and colocalized with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). After 10 d, the percentage of GCs and the IgG responses were markedly higher than in mice immunized with uncomplexed OVA-TNP. The effects of IgG3 were dependent on CR1/2 known to be expressed on B cells and FDCs. Using bone marrow chimeric mice, we demonstrate that an optimal response to IgG3-Ag complexes requires that CR1/2 is expressed on both cell types. These data suggest that CR1/2+ MZ B cells transport IgG3-Ag-C complexes from the MZ to the follicles, where they are captured by FDCs and induce GCs and IgG production. This pathway for initiating the transport of Ags into splenic follicles complements previously known B-cell dependent pathways where Ag is transported by 1) MZ B cells, binding large Ags-IgM-C complexes via CR1/2; 2) recirculating B cells, binding Ag via BCR; or 3) recirculating B cells, binding IgE-Ag complexes via the low-affinity receptor for IgE, CD23.
Antigen-Specific Naive CD8+ T Cells Produce a Single Pulse of IFN-γ In Vivo within Hours of Infection, but without Antiviral Effect
Authors: Hosking Martin P. , Flynn Claudia T. , Whitton J. Lindsay 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In vitro studies have shown that naive CD8+ T cells are unable to express most of their effector proteins until after at least one round of cell division has taken place. We have reassessed this issue in vivo and find that naive CD8+ T cells mount Ag-specific responses within hours of infection, before proliferation has commenced. Newly activated naive Ag-specific CD8+ T cells produce a rapid pulse of IFN-γ in vivo and begin to accumulate granzyme B and perforin. Later, in vivo cytolytic activity is detectable, coincident with the initiation of cell division. Despite the rapid development of these functional attributes, no antiviral effect was observed early during infection, even when the cells are present in numbers similar to those of virus-specific memory cells. The evolutionary reason for the pulse of IFN-γ synthesis by naive T cells is uncertain, but the lack of antiviral impact suggests that it may be regulatory.
The Ability To Rearrange Dual TCRs Enhances Positive Selection, Leading to Increased Allo- and Autoreactive T Cell Repertoires
Authors: Ni Peggy P. , Solomon Benjamin , Hsieh Chyi-Song , Allen Paul M. , Morris Gerald P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Thymic selection is designed to ensure TCR reactivity to foreign Ags presented by self-MHC while minimizing reactivity to self-Ags. We hypothesized that the repertoire of T cells with unwanted specificities such as alloreactivity or autoreactivity are a consequence of simultaneous rearrangement of both TCRα loci. We hypothesized that this process helps maximize production of thymocytes capable of successfully completing thymic selection, but results in secondary TCRs that escape stringent selection. In T cells expressing two TCRs, one TCR can mediate positive selection and mask secondary TCR from negative selection. Examination of mice heterozygous for TRAC (TCRα+/−), capable of only one functional TCRα rearrangement, demonstrated a defect in generating mature T cells attributable to decreased positive selection. Elimination of secondary TCRs did not broadly alter the peripheral T cell compartment, though deep sequencing of TCRα repertoires of dual TCR T cells and TCRα+/− T cells demonstrated unique TCRs in the presence of secondary rearrangements. The functional impact of secondary TCRs on the naive peripheral repertoire was evidenced by reduced frequencies of T cells responding to autoantigen and alloantigen peptide–MHC tetramers in TCRα+/− mice. T cell populations with secondary TCRs had significantly increased ability to respond to altered peptide ligands related to their allogeneic ligand as compared with TCRα+/− cells, suggesting increased breadth in peptide recognition may be a mechanism for their reactivity. Our results imply that the role of secondary TCRs in forming the T cell repertoire is perhaps more significant than what has been assumed.
Cutting Edge: RIPK1 Kinase Inactive Mice Are Viable and Protected from TNF-Induced Necroptosis In Vivo
Authors: Polykratis Apostolos , Hermance Nicole , Zelic Matija , Roderick Justine , Kim Chun , Van Trieu-My , Lee Thomas H. , Chan Francis K. M. , Pasparakis Manolis , Kelliher Michelle A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The serine/threonine kinase RIPK1 is recruited to TNFR1 to mediate proinflammatory signaling and to regulate TNF-induced cell death. A RIPK1 deficiency results in perinatal lethality, impaired NFκB and MAPK signaling, and sensitivity to TNF-induced apoptosis. Chemical inhibitor and in vitro–reconstitution studies suggested that RIPK1 displays distinct kinase activity–dependent and –independent functions. To determine the contribution of RIPK1 kinase to inflammation in vivo, we generated knock-in mice endogenously expressing catalytically inactive RIPK1 D138N. Unlike Ripk1−/− mice, which die shortly after birth, Ripk1D138N/D138N mice are viable. Cells expressing RIPK1 D138N are resistant to TNF- and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid–induced necroptosis in vitro, and Ripk1D138N/D138N mice are protected from TNF-induced shock in vivo. Moreover, Ripk1D138N/D138N mice fail to control vaccinia virus replication in vivo. This study provides genetic evidence that the kinase activity of RIPK1 is not required for survival but is essential for TNF-, TRIF-, and viral-initiated necroptosis.
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Orchestrates Invariant NKT Cell Differentiation and Effector Function
Authors: Zhang Lianjun , Tschumi Benjamin O. , Corgnac Stéphanie , Rüegg Markus A. , Hall Michael N. , Mach Jean-Pierre , Romero Pedro , Donda Alena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play critical roles in bridging innate and adaptive immunity. The Raptor containing mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) has been well documented to control peripheral CD4 or CD8 T cell effector or memory differentiation. However, the role of mTORC1 in iNKT cell development and function remains largely unknown. By using mice with T cell–restricted deletion of Raptor, we show that mTORC1 is selectively required for iNKT but not for conventional T cell development. Indeed, Raptor-deficient iNKT cells are mostly blocked at thymic stage 1–2, resulting in a dramatic decrease of terminal differentiation into stage 3 and severe reduction of peripheral iNKT cells. Moreover, residual iNKT cells in Raptor knockout mice are impaired in their rapid cytokine production upon αGalcer challenge. Bone marrow chimera studies demonstrate that mTORC1 controls iNKT differentiation in a cell-intrinsic manner. Collectively, our data provide the genetic evidence that iNKT cell development and effector functions are under the control of mTORC1 signaling.
Cell Cycle Control and HIV-1 Susceptibility Are Linked by CDK6-Dependent CDK2 Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 in Myeloid and Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Pauls Eduardo , Ruiz Alba , Badia Roger , Permanyer Marc , Gubern Albert , Riveira-Muñoz Eva , Torres-Torronteras Javier , Álvarez Mar , Mothe Beatriz , Brander Christian , Crespo Manel , Menéndez-Arias Luis , Clotet Bonaventura , Keppler Oliver T. , Martí Ramon , Posas Francesc , Ballana Ester , Esté José A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Proliferating cells are preferentially susceptible to infection by retroviruses. Sterile α motif and HD domain–containing protein-1 (SAMHD1) is a recently described deoxynucleotide phosphohydrolase controlling the size of the intracellular deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) pool, a limiting factor for retroviral reverse transcription in noncycling cells. Proliferating (Ki67+) primary CD4+ T cells or macrophages express a phosphorylated form of SAMHD1 that corresponds with susceptibility to infection in cell culture. We identified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 6 as an upstream regulator of CDK2 controlling SAMHD1 phosphorylation in primary T cells and macrophages susceptible to infection by HIV-1. In turn, CDK2 was strongly linked to cell cycle progression and coordinated SAMHD1 phosphorylation and inactivation. CDK inhibitors specifically blocked HIV-1 infection at the reverse transcription step in a SAMHD1-dependent manner, reducing the intracellular dNTP pool. Our findings identify a direct relationship between control of the cell cycle by CDK6 and SAMHD1 activity, which is important for replication of lentiviruses, as well as other viruses whose replication may be regulated by intracellular dNTP availability.
Structure of the Superantigen Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Complex with TCR and Peptide–MHC Demonstrates Absence of TCR–Peptide Contacts
Authors: Rödström Karin E. J. , Elbing Karin , Lindkvist-Petersson Karin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Superantigens are immune-stimulatory toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus, which are able to interact with host immune receptors to induce a massive release of cytokines, causing toxic shock syndrome and possibly death. In this article, we present the x-ray structure of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) in complex with its receptors, the TCR and MHC class II, forming a ternary complex. The structure, in combination with functional analyses, clearly shows how SEB adopts a wedge-like position when binding to the β-chain of TCR, allowing for an interaction between the α-chain of TCR and MHC. Furthermore, the binding mode also circumvents contact between TCR and the peptide presented by MHC, which enables SEB to initiate a peptide-independent activation of T cells.
Obstructions of Connectivity Two for Embedding Graphs into the Torus
Authors: Mohar Bojan , Škoda Petr 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe complete set of minimal obstructions for embedding graphs into the torus is still not determined. In this paper, we present all obstructions for the torus of connectivity 2. Furthermore, we describe the building blocks of obstructions of connectivity 2 for any orientable surface.
On the Structure of Cuntz Semigroups in (Possibly) Nonunital C*-algebras
Authors: Peter Tikuisis Aaron , Toms Andrew 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe examine the ranks of operators in semi-finite C*-algebras as measured by their densely defined lower semicontinuous traces. We first prove that a unital simple C*-algebra whose extreme tracial boundary is nonempty and finite contains positive operators of every possible rank, independent of the property of strict comparison. We then turn to nonunital simple algebras and establish criteria that imply that the Cuntz semigroup is recovered functorially from the Murray–von Neumann semigroup and the space of densely defined lower semicontinuous traces. Finally, we prove that these criteria are satisfied by not-necessarily-unital approximately subhomogeneous algebras of slow dimension growth. Combined with results of the first author, this shows that slow dimension growth coincides with Z-stability for approximately subhomogeneous algebras.
Dihedral Groups of Order 2p of Automorphisms of Compact Riemann Surfaces of Genus p – 1
Authors: Yang Qingjie , Zhong Weiting 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper we prove that there is only one conjugacy class of dihedral group of order 2p in the 2(p – 1) × 2(p – 1) integral symplectic group that can be realized by an analytic automorphism group of compact connected Riemann surfaces of genus p – 1. A pair of representative generators of the realizable class is also given.
Study of the characteristic parameters of the normal voices of Argentinian speakers
Authors: Bonzi Edgardo , Grad Gabriela , Maggi Alicia , Muñoz Marta 
Published: July 2014

The voice laboratory permits to study the human voices using a method that is objective and noninvasive. In this work, we have studied the parameters of the human voice such as pitch, formant, jitter, shimmer and harmonic-noise ratio of a group of young people. This statistical information of parameters is obtained from Argentinian speakers.Received: 29 December 2013, Accepted: 27 May 2014; Reviewed by: J. Brum, Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Edited by: E. Mizraji; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.060002Cite as: E V Bonzi, G B Grad, A M Maggi, M R Muñoz, Papers in Physics 6, 060002 (2014)
Alteration of Naïve and Memory B-Cell Subset in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Patients After Treatment With Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Peng Yanwen , Chen Xiaoyong , Liu Qifa , Xu Dijing , Zheng Haiqing , Liu Longshan , Liu Qiuli , Liu Muyun , Fan Zhiping , Sun Jing , Li Xiaobo , Zou Ruifeng , Xiang Andy Peng 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory properties and exhibit promising efficacy against chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), little is known about the immune changes by which MSCs ameliorate cGVHD in vivo. Recent studies have suggested that B lymphocytes might play an important role in the pathogenesis of cGVHD. In this study, we investigated changes in the numbers, phenotypes, and subpopulations of B lymphocytes in cGVHD patients who showed a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), or no response (NR) after MSC treatment. We found that the frequencies and numbers of CD27+ memory and pre-germinal center B lymphocytes were significantly increased in the CR and PR cGVHD patients after MSC treatment but decreased in the NR patients. A further analysis of CR/PR cGVHD patients showed that MSC treatment led to a decrease in the plasma levels of B cell-activating factor (BAFF) and increased expression of the BAFF receptor (BAFF-R) on peripheral B lymphocytes but no changes in plasma BAFF levels or BAFF-R expression on B lymphocytes in NR patients. Overall, our findings imply that MSCs might exert therapeutic effects in cGVHD patients, accompanied by alteration of naïve and memory B-cell subsets, modulating plasma BAFF levels and BAFF-R expression on B lymphocytes.
Laminin-111 Improves Skeletal Muscle Stem Cell Quantity and Function Following Eccentric Exercise
Authors: Zou Kai , De Lisio Michael , Huntsman Heather D. , Pincu Yair , Mahmassani Ziad , Miller Matthew , Olatunbosun Dami , Jensen Tor , Boppart Marni D. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Laminin-111 (α1, β1, γ1; LM-111) is an important component of the extracellular matrix that is required for formation of skeletal muscle during embryonic development. Recent studies suggest that LM-111 supplementation can enhance satellite cell proliferation and muscle function in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which LM-111 can alter satellite and nonsatellite stem cell quantity following eccentric exercise-induced damage in young adult, healthy mice. One week following injection of LM-111 or saline, mice either remained sedentary or were subjected to a single bout of downhill running (EX). While one muscle was preserved for evaluation of satellite cell number, the other muscle was processed for isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs; Sca-1+CD45−) via FACS at 24 hours postexercise. Satellite cell number was approximately twofold higher in LM-111/EX compared with all other groups (p &lt; .05), and the number of satellite cells expressing the proliferation marker Ki67 was 50% to threefold higher in LM-111/EX compared with all other groups (p &lt; .05). LM-111 also increased the quantity of embryonic myosin heavy chain-positive (eMHC+) fibers in young mice after eccentric exercise (p &lt; .05). Although MSC percentage and number were not altered, MSC proinflammatory gene expression was decreased, and hepatocyte growth factor gene expression was increased in the presence of LM-111 (p &lt; .05). Together, these data suggest that LM-111 supplementation provides a viable solution for increasing skeletal muscle stem cell number and/or function, ultimately allowing for improvements in the regenerative response to eccentric exercise.
Concise Review: Injectable Biomaterials for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Peripheral Artery Disease: Translational Challenges and Progress
Authors: Ungerleider Jessica L. , Christman Karen L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Recently, injectable biomaterial-based therapies for cardiovascular disease have been gaining attention, because they have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models for myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Naturally derived (e.g., alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, or extracellular matrix-based) or synthetic (e.g., peptide or polymer-based) materials can enhance stem cell survival and retention in vivo, prolong growth factor release from bulk hydrogel or particle constructs, and even stimulate endogenous tissue regeneration as a standalone therapy. Although there are many promising preclinical examples, the therapeutic potential of biomaterial-based products for cardiovascular disease has yet to be proved on a clinical and commercial scale. This review aims to briefly summarize the latest preclinical and clinical studies on injectable biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD. Furthermore, our overall goal is to highlight the major challenges facing translation of these therapies to the clinic (e.g., regulatory, manufacturing, and delivery), with the purpose of increasing awareness of the barriers for translating novel biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD and facilitating more rapid translation of new biomaterial technologies.
L’approche inductive : cinq facteurs propices à son émergence
Authors: d’Arripe Agnès , Oboeuf Alexandre , Routier Cédric 
Published: July 2014

Cet article montre pourquoi nous avons fait le choix d’une approche inductive dans une recherche interdisciplinaire effectuée au sein d’un établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes. Nous indiquons les conditions qui ont impliqué le recours à cette approche et son intérêt. Cinq facteurs sont discutés : l’interdisciplinarité, la flexibilité du travail collaboratif, la dimension « action » de la recherche, notre proximité avec l’interactionnisme symbolique et notre ancrage communicationnel. Nous montrons enfin comment les résultats de ce travail reflètent notre démarche inductive.
Problématiser en muséologie : quels paradigmes sous-jacents?
Authors: Soulier Virginie 
Published: July 2014

L’article présente notre parcours épistémologique et méthodologique dans le cadre d’une recherche en muséologie. Le processus de recherche en muséologie demeure rarement explicité. L’article vise ainsi à rendre compte des tournures que notre recherche a empruntées. Aborder les différentes versions de notre thèse consiste à retracer les gestes implicites posés dans ce régime d’incertitude et à formaliser notre cheminement intellectuel. Nous proposons d’analyser une série d’énoncés de la problématique de 2010 à 2013 à la lumière de l’approche méthodologique de la théorisation enracinée telle que définie par Guillemette et Luckerhoff (2009), Luckerhoff et Guillemette (2012) et Plouffe et Guillemette (2012). L’exercice vise à analyser le cadrage épistémologique et ses paradigmes sous-jacents. Trois ancrages ressortent dans notre approche inductive : ancrages en méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE), en phénoménologie et en herméneutique.
Discussion on “Big N Auditors and Earnings Response Coefficients – A Comparison Study between the US and China”
Authors: Joanna L. Ho 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Research on auditor reputation and clients’ financial reporting quality can be traced back to Teoh and Wong’s (1993) study, which provides empirical evidence of Big 8 audit firms having higher financial reporting credibility than non-Big 8 audit firms in the US market. In their study, Du and Zhou (hereinafter, DZ) replicate Teoh and Wong (1993) using a longer and more recent sample period in the US (1983-2012)2 and China (1995-2012) to examine whether the positive association between Big N auditors and perceived audit quality (ERCs) still holds after a major regulatory intervention in early 2000 and to compare this association in the US and China. This comparison is important because China is the largest emerging economy and the second largest economy in the world. DZ’s comprehensive evidence helps us to better understand if market reaction to ERCs in China differs from that in the US. I also commend that DZ provide detailed information on the market shares of Big N auditors in the US and Chinese markets respectively during this long sample period, demonstrating that while Big N auditors play a dominant role in the US market, their market shares are much smaller in the Chinese market.
Synthesis ZrO2-Montmorillonite and Application as Catalyst in Catalytic Cracking of Heavy Fraction of Crude Oil
Authors: Fatimah Is , Wijaya Karna , Setyawan Khoirul Himmi 
Published: July 2014

Research on synthesis and characterization of ZrO2-Montmorillonit and its application as catalyst in heavy fraction of crude oil (HFCO) conversion has been investigated. Synthesis of catalyst was done by pillarization of ZrO2 into silicate interlayer of montmorillonite structure. The success in synthesis is shown by XRD and BET surface area measurement in that basal spacing d001 was increase after pillarization. Activity test of material was showed that ZrO2 dispersion affected catalytic activity in liquid production and the activity was increased asn increasing temperature in the range of 473K-673K. Composition of liquid product indicated that ZrO2-Montmorillonit tend to produce kerosene related to metal oxide distribution in synthesis. © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Ekstraksi Kalium dari Abu Tandan Kosong Sawit Sebagai Katalis Pada Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Sawit
Authors: Imaduddin Mohammad , Yoeswono Yoeswono , Wijaya Karna , Tahir Iqmal 
Published: July 2014

Process of the transesterification reaction of palm oil with methanol by using ash of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) as base catalyst has been conducted. The studied variables were effect of weight ash of EFB (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 g) and the molar ratio (3:1; 6:1; 9:1; and 12:1) of methanol to palm oil. Sample of ash was prepared through heating, screening, and reashing. A certain amount of ash was extracted in methanol with mixing for about 1 h at room temperature and the product was used as catlayst for transesterification process. The composition of the methyl esters (biodiesel) was analyzed using GC-MS and 1H NMR, whereas characters of biodiesel were analyzed using ASTM methods. The results of AAS analysis showed that potassium carbonate content in ash of EFB was 25.92% w/w. The main components of biodiesel were mixture of methyl palmitate and methyl oleat as the major compounds. The increasing of EFB ash weight (catalyst concentration) in reaction of transesterification enhanced the biodiesel conversion of 53.0; 76.9; 88.2; 90.5 and 97.8% (w/w) respectively. The increasing of the molar ratio of methanol to palm oil, the biodiesel conversion enhanced too, that were 74.0; 90.5; 92.3 and 98.8% (w/w) respectively. The properties of biodiesel were relatively conformed with specification of biodiesel (ASTM D 6751). © 2008 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)