bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxicity Profile of Highly Hydrogenated Graphene
Authors: Chng Elaine Lay Khim , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGraphene and its graphene‐related counterparts have been considered the future of advanced nanomaterials owing to their exemplary properties. An increase in their potential applications in the biomedical field has led to serious concerns regarding their safety and impact on health. To understand the toxicity profile for a particular type of graphene utilized in a given application, it is important to recognize the differences between the graphene‐related components and correlate their cellular toxicity effects to the attributed physiochemical properties. In this study, the cytoxicity effects of highly hydrogenated graphene (HHG) and its graphene oxide (GO) counterpart on the basis of in vitro toxicological assessments are reported and the effects correlated with the physiochemical properties of the tested nanomaterials. Upon 24 h exposure to the nanomaterials, a dose‐dependent cellular cytotoxic effect was exhibited and the HHG was observed to be more cytotoxic than its GO control. Detailed characterization revealed an extensive CH sp3 network on the carbon backbone of HHG with few oxygen‐containing groups, as opposed to the presence of large amounts of oxygen‐containing groups on the GO. It is therefore hypothesized that the preferential adsorption of micronutrients on the surface of the HHG nanomaterial by means of hydrophobic interactions resulted in a reduction in the bioavailability of nutrients required for cellular viability. The nanotoxicological profile of highly hydrogenated graphene is assessed for the first time in our study, thereby paving the way for further evaluation of the toxicity risks involved with the utilization of various graphene‐related nanomaterials in the real world.
Enantiopure O‐Ethyl Phenylphosphonothioic Acid: A Solvating Agent for the Determination of Enantiomeric Excesses
Authors: Matsumoto Kazushige , Sawayama Jun , Hirao Shotaro , Nishiwaki Nagatoshi , Sugimoto Ryuichi , Saigo Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTAn improved method, which is highly reproducible, was developed for the enantioseparation of racemic O‐ethyl phenylphosphonothioic acid (1a) with brucine by introducing seeding to a supersaturated solution of the diastereomeric salt mixture. The present method gave both diastereomeric salts in high yields with a diastereomeric ratio of >99.5:0.5 upon choosing the crystallization solvent (MeOH for the ((R)-1a salt and MeOH/H2O for the ((S)-1a salt). The enantiopure acid (R)-1a, (S)-1a showed a good chirality recognition ability for not only strong bases, such as amines and amino alcohols, but also weakly basic alcohols and was applicable as a solvating agent to the 1H NMR determination of the enantiomeric excess of chiral amines, amino alcohols, and alcohols, including aliphatic substrates. Chirality 26:614–619, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solubility of Supercritical Fluids in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Türk M. , Metzner René 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEine umfangreiche Literaturrecherche zur Löslichkeit von nahe‐ bzw. überkritischen Fluiden (SCF) in Ionischen Flüssigkeiten (IL) zeigte, dass in der Regel die Gaslöslichkeit in den IL mit zunehmendem Druck und sinkender Temperatur zunimmt und dass unpolare, im Gegensatz zu polaren, SCF nur begrenzt in IL löslich sind. Diese Daten konnten mithilfe der Peng‐Robinson‐Zustandsgleichung unter Verwendung der Van‐der‐Waals‐Mischungsregeln mit zwei binären Wechselwirkungsparametern sehr gut beschrieben werden.
Patterns of symptom burden during radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer: A prospective analysis using the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck Module
Authors: Rosenthal David I. , Mendoza Tito R. , Fuller Clifton D. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Wang X. Shelley , Hanna Ehab Y. , Lu Charles , Garden Adam S. , Morrison William H. , Cleeland Charles S. , Gunn G. Brandon 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUNDA prospective longitudinal study to profile patient‐reported symptoms during radiotherapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for head and neck cancer was performed. The goals were to understand the onset and trajectory of specific symptoms and their severity, identify clusters, and facilitate symptom interventions and clinical trial design.METHODSParticipants in this questionnaire‐based study received RT or CCRT. They completed the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Symptom Inventory‐Head and Neck Module before and weekly during treatment. Symptom scores were compared between treatment groups, and hierarchical cluster analysis was used to depict clustering of symptoms at treatment end. Variables believed to predict symptom severity were assessed using a multivariate mixed model.RESULTSAmong the 149 patients studied, the majority (47%) had oropharyngeal tumors, and nearly one‐half received CCRT. Overall symptom severity (P < .001) and symptom interference (P < .0001) became progressively more severe and were more severe for those receiving CCRT. On multivariate analysis, baseline Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (P < .001) and receipt of CCRT (P < .04) correlated with higher symptom severity. Fatigue, drowsiness, lack of appetite, problem with mouth/throat mucus, and problem tasting food were more severe for those receiving CCRT. Both local and systemic symptom clusters were identified.CONCLUSIONSThe findings from this prospective longitudinal study identified a pattern of local and systemic symptoms, symptom clusters, and symptom interference that was temporally distinct and marked by increased magnitude and a shift in individual symptom rank order during the treatment course. These inform clinicians about symptom intervention needs, and are a benchmark for future symptom intervention clinical trials. Cancer 2014;120:1975–1984. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Dense femtocell networks power self‐optimization: an exact potential game approach
Authors: Wang Xidong , Zheng Wei , Lu Zhaoming , Wen Xiangming , Li Wei 
Published: April 2014

SummaryFemtocell is regarded as a promising technology to enhance indoor coverage and improve network capacity. However, highly dense and self‐organized femtocells in urban environment will result in serious inter‐femtocell interference. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a distributed power self‐optimization scheme for the downlink operation of dense femtocell networks. First, a novel convex pricing mechanism is presented to price the transmit power of femtocells and construct the utility function of femtocells. Then, a noncooperative game framework for power self‐optimization of femtocells in dense femtocell networks is established on the basis of the exact potential game theory, which is demonstrated to converge to a pure and unique Nash equilibrium. Finally, combined with firefly algorithm, an effective power self‐optimization algorithm with guaranteed convergence is proposed to achieve the Nash equilibrium of the proposed game. With practical LTE parameters and a 3GPP dual‐strip femtocell model, simulation results show that the proposed game with convex pricing mechanism increases the femtocell network throughput by 7% and reduces the average transmit power of femtocells by 50% in dense femtocell networks, with respect to the compared schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Plasmonic Properties of Core–Shell Bimetallic Silver–Gold Nanoprisms Obtained through an Organometallic Route
Authors: Crespo Julian , Ibarra Alfonso , López‐de‐Luzuriaga José M. , Monge Miguel , Olmos M. Elena 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAg–Au core–shell nanoprisms were obtained through the deposition of Au atoms over hexadecylamine‐stabilized Ag nanoparticles through the mild decomposition of an organometallic AuI precursor. The effects of the amount of precursor [Au(C6F5)(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) added and the reaction time on the size, shape, and composition of the core–shell Ag–Au nanostructures obtained have been studied by TEM, high‐angle annular dark field/scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM), EDS, UV/Vis, and 19F NMR spectroscopic analysis. The anisotropic growth of the prismatic metallic shell and its composition has been controlled through the addition of different amounts of AuI precursor, thus leading to a delicate tuning of the plasmonic properties of these nanostructures.
Heterogeneous next‐generation wireless network interference model—and its applications
Authors: Mahmood Nurul H. , Yilmaz Ferkan , Alouini Mohamed‐Slim , Øien Geir E. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTNext‐generation wireless systems facilitating better utilisation of the scarce radio spectrum have emerged as a response to inefficient and rigid spectrum assignment policies. These are comprised of intelligent radio nodes that opportunistically operate in the radio spectrum of existing primary systems, yet unwanted interference at the primary receivers is unavoidable. In order to design efficient next‐generation systems and to minimise the adverse effect of their interference, it is necessary to realise how the resulting interference impacts the performance of the primary systems. In this work, a generalised framework for the interference analysis of such a next‐generation system is presented where the next‐generation transmitters may transmit randomly with different transmit powers. The analysis is built around a model developed for the statistical representation of the interference at the primary receivers, which is then used to evaluate various performance measures of the primary system. Applications of the derived interference model in designing the next‐generation network system parameters are also demonstrated. Such approach provides a unified and generalised framework, the use of which allows a wide range of performance metrics can be evaluated. Findings of the analytical performance analyses are confirmed through extensive computer‐based Monte‐Carlo simulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Options and Limitations of Methanol‐Based Production and Storage for Mobile Applications
Authors: Poetzsch D. , Bach T. , Zerpa Unda J. E. , Roduner E. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMethanol is considered a promising liquid fuel in context with electrochemical energy conversion and storage for mobile applications. It is shown here that a direct methanol fuel cell can be used for spontaneous charging and discharging a supercapacitor (SC) for intermediate storage of chemical energy. Thereby, protons and electrons of the methanol‐derived hydrogen are stored separately in the electrical double layer of the SC electrode. The charging and discharging of this fuel cell–SC hybride device is investigated in experiments of spontaneous conditions (closed circuit) and also under externally enforced constant voltage sweep rate (cyclic voltammetry) and under constant current conditions. Alternatively, gas phase hydrogen is generated from methanol in an electro‐reforming process. When more efficient anode electrocatalysts become available this may become the method of choice for on‐board and on demand hydrogen production in mobile applications.
Analysis of spatio‐temporal brain imaging patterns by hidden markov models and serial MRI images
Authors: Wang Ying , Resnick Susan M. , Davatzikos Christos ,   the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2014

AbstractBrain changes due to development and maturation, normal aging, or degenerative disease are continuous, gradual, and variable across individuals. To quantify the individual progression of brain changes, we propose a spatio‐temporal methodology based on Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and apply it on four‐dimensional structural brain magnetic resonance imaging series of older individuals. First, regional brain features are extracted in order to reduce image dimensionality. This process is guided by the objective of the study or the specific imaging patterns whose progression is of interest, for example, the evaluation of Alzheimer‐like patterns of brain change in normal individuals. These regional features are used in conjunction with HMMs, which aim to measure the dynamic association between brain structure changes and progressive stages of disease over time. A bagging framework is used to obtain models with good generalization capability, since in practice the number of serial scans is limited. An application of the proposed methodology was to detect individuals with the risk of developing MCI, and therefore it was tested on modeling the progression of brain atrophy patterns in older adults. With HMM models, the state‐transition paths corresponding to longitudinal brain changes were constructed from two completely independent datasets, the Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. The statistical analysis of HMM‐state paths among the normal, progressive MCI, and MCI groups indicates that, HMM‐state index 1 is likely to be a predictor of the conversion from cognitively normal to MCI, potentially many years before clinical symptoms become measurable. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4777–4794, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Head and neck multidisciplinary team meetings: Effect on patient management
Authors: Brunner Markus , Gore Sinclair M. , Read Rebecca L. , Alexander Ashlin , Mehta Ankur , Elliot Michael , Milross Chris , Boyer Michael , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was for us to present our findings on the prospectively audited impact of head and neck multidisciplinary team meetings on patient management.MethodsWe collected clinical data, the pre‐multidisciplinary team meeting treatment plan, the post‐multidisciplinary team meeting treatment plans, and follow‐up data from all patients discussed at a weekly multidisciplinary team meeting and we recorded the changes in management.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐two patients were discussed in 39 meetings. In 52 patients (30%), changes in management were documented of which 20 (67%) were major. Changes were statistically more likely when the referring physician was a medical or radiation oncologist, when the initial treatment plan did not include surgery, and when the histology was neither mucosal squamous cell cancer nor a skin malignancy. Compliance to the multidisciplinary team meeting treatment recommendation was 84% for all patients and 70% for patients with changes in their treatment recommendation.ConclusionHead and neck multidisciplinary team meetings changed management in almost a third of the cases. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1046–1050, 2015
A Convenient and Simple Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Cyclopenta[cd]azulenes and Cyclopenta[ef]heptalenes
Authors: Devendar Badugu , Ku Chien‐Kuo , Cheng Ling‐Yu , Yang Shu‐Juan , Chen Jun‐Xiong , Wu Chi‐Phi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSyntheses of novel cyclopenta[cd]azulenes, 5, 8, and 13, 1,2‐dihydrocyclopenta[cd]azulenes, 6 and 12, and cyclopenta[ef]heptalenes, 10, 15, and 16, by simple procedures starting from tropolone in 6–8 steps are described.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Botryolide E and Ophiocerin C
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Mallikarjuna Reddy N. , Ataur Rahman Md. , Mallikarjuna Reddy A. , Prasad Attaluri R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA highly stereoselective approach to the total synthesis of the γ‐lactone derivative botryolide E and tetrahydropyran derivative ophiocerin C via a common polyketide precursor by means of Prins cyclization and MacMillan α‐aminoxylation sequence is described. The method can conveniently be utilized for the preparation of further related γ‐lactone and tetrahydropyran derivatives.
Further Biphenyl Lignans with a Tetrahydrofuran Moiety from Gymnotheca chinensis
Authors: Xiao Shiji , He Dahai , Fang Dongmei , Chen Fang , Ding Lisheng , Zhou Yan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFour new biphenyl lignans, 1–4, with a tetrahydrofuran moiety were isolated from the MeOH extract of the whole plant of Gymnotheca chinensis. Their chemical structures were established by means of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and comparison with previously reported data. Compounds 1–4 occur as mixtures of atropisomers as revealed by variable‐temperature NMR experiments.
Further Diterpenes from the Seeds of Caesalpinia minaxHance
Authors: Ma Guo‐Xu , Wu Hai‐Feng , Yuan Jing‐Quan , Wei Hua , Wang Shuo , Zhang Xiao‐Po , Tian Yu , Yang Jun‐Shan , Xu Xu‐Dong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThree new cassane‐type diterpenes, neocaesalpin AF (1), neocaesalpin AG (2), and neocaesalpin AH (3), were isolated from the seeds of Caesalpinia minax Hance. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. The partially hydrogenated lactone unit in a tetracyclic cassane diterpene in 2 is rarely encountered in the cassane diterpenes isolated from the genus Caesalpinia. All compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against HCT‐8 and MCF‐7 human cancer cell lines.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Oxylipins: (6S,7E,9R,10S)‐6,9,10‐Trihydroxyoctadec‐7‐enoic Acid and (6Z,8R,9R,10S)‐8,9,10‐Trihydroxyoctadec‐6‐enoic Acid
Authors: Singh Yadav Jhillu , Shiva Shankar Kattela , Srinivas Reddy Anugu , Subba Reddy Basi V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe stereoselective total syntheses of oxylipins 1b and 1c are described starting from readily accessible natural sugars via the Grubbs cross‐metathesis, Wittig olefination, and Zn‐mediated reductive elimination as key steps.
Population pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic modeling analysis of intrinsic FXa and bleeding from edoxaban treatment
Authors: Song SaeHeum , Kang Dongwoo , Halim Abdel‐Baset , Miller Raymond 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEdoxaban is an oral, once‐daily, direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor that has been evaluated for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the clinical data from phase 1 and 2 studies to determine the relationship among PK exposure, PD response, and bleeding risk. Population PK/PD modeling was performed using plasma edoxaban concentration data from combined phase 1 and 2 studies and using intrinsic FXa data from a phase 2 AF study. A 2‐compartment PK model adequately described the combined PK data, and a dynamic binding model characterized the dynamics of the intrinsic factor X activity (iFXa) data. Logistic regression analysis then identified the relationship between the iFXa and the observed bleeding risk. The more protracted suppression of FXa over the dosing interval for a 30‐mg twice‐daily dose compared with a 60‐mg once‐daily dose offers an explanation for the significantly higher bleeding rate at the former dose.
Reproductive responses of the endangered snail kite to variations in prey density
Authors: Cattau Christopher E. , Darby Philip C. , Fletcher Robert J. , Kitchens Wiley M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how predators respond to fluctuations in prey density has important conservation and management implications, particularly for threatened and endangered specialists. However, directly linking prey densities to predator behavior and demography over broad spatial and temporal scales is rare, in part, because it can be prohibitively expensive and time‐consuming to quantify prey density over large areas. We link nesting data collected by a long‐term monitoring program for the endangered snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) with 44 density estimates of its primary prey, the Florida apple snail (Pomacea paludosa), collected by multiple, smaller‐scale studies from 2002 to 2010. We found evidence that key components of kite breeding biology—nest density and the number of young fledged per successful nest—were positively related to snail density. Although previous studies have shown that densities greater than approximately 0.1–0.2 snails/m2may be necessary to sustain profitable foraging and that capture times for individual foraging kites begin to level off as snail densities exceed approximately 0.4 snails/m2, we found continued numerical responses in snail kite reproductive parameters at greater snail densities. At occupied sites (i.e., snail‐sampling sites in which ≥1 snail kite nest was present within a 2‐km radius during the primary sampling period: Mar–May), the average snail density was 0.45 snails/m2(SE = 0.12,n = 17), whereas that of unoccupied sites was 0.12 snails/m2(SE = 0.02,n = 27). Along the snail density gradient from 0.2 to 0.4 to 1.2 snails/m2, model predictions indicated that 1) the probability of site occupancy (by nesting kites) increased from 0.48 to 0.69 to 0.90, 2) local nest abundance of occupied sites increased from 4 to 7 to 16 nests, and 3) the probability of a successful nesting attempt fledging more than 1 young increased from 0.02 to 0.07 to 0.43. We found no evidence of a snail density effect on nest survival. Understanding the differential effects of snail density on various components of snail kite breeding biology is essential to the development and implementation of management tools used for snail kite conservation and Everglades restoration. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Progressive hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in premanifest Huntington's disease
Authors: Hoffmann Rainer , Stüwe Sven H. , Goetze Oliver , Banasch Matthias , Klotz Peter , Lukas Carsten , Tegenthoff Martin , Beste Christian , Orth Michael , Saft Carsten 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundA subclinical, hepatic involvement in manifest and premanifest Huntington's disease (HD) was recently demonstrated by using the 13C‐methionine breath test (MeBT). In this longitudinal pilot study, we investigated whether there is evidence for progressive hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction in premanifest HD.MethodsThe MeBT was performed within a group of 25 well‐characterized premanifest HD mutation carriers at baseline and in a 14.5‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe total group of mutation carriers (P = 0.033; Cohen's d = 0.6) and the subgroup of mutation carriers from our PreHD‐B subgroup (nearer to disease onset; P = 0.030; Cohen's d = 1.12) revealed a lower amount of exhaled 13CO2 in the follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates in vivo progressive, subclinical, hepatic involvement in premanifest HD. Limitations of the study, such as high variance in breath test results, are discussed. &copy 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society