bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The significance of partnership as a marketing strategy for Islamic spiritual tourism
Authors: Muhammad Haq Farooq 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to highlight the significance of partnership among stakeholders as a marketing strategy for Islamic spiritual tourism. Partnership as a marketing strategy is studied by interviewing stakeholders on the supply side of Islamic tourism. Only recently, Islamic spiritual tourism has been identified, not recognised yet, as a growing segment of Islamic tourism that needs to be effectively marketed.Design/methodology/approach– Convenient sampling was used in this exploratory research to select and interview tourism operators selling in-bound and out-bound Islamic spiritual tourism in Australia and Pakistan. Cross-case content analysis was used to identify critical themes related to marketing Islamic spiritual tourism.Findings– Three issues emerged from the content analysis in this study: political, commercial and religious. The management of these three issues is found necessary to effectively build and implement horizontal partnerships among stakeholders on the supply side in Islamic spiritual tourism.Research limitations/implications– The selected sample is not the representation of the population based in the two countries. Only few potential participants agreed to be interviewed due to the perceived threat of manipulation of their views. Findings of this research contribute to the theory of marketing Islamic tourism specifically, and tourism in general.Practical implications– The three issues found in this study provide a guideline for crafting strategies to market Islamic spiritual tourism based on local and global partnerships.Social implications– The three issues found in this study provide a platform for cultural understanding and coherence.Originality/value– This original study advocates partnerships among tourism operators, government bodies, destination managers and religious organisations involved in Islamic spiritual tourism. The structure and implementation of partnerships should critically consider the political, commercial and religious issues.
Disproportional representation of minorities in special education
Authors: S. Maydosz Ann 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a brief exploration of the disproportional representation of African American students in special education with a focus on addressing racial bias in the identification process at the school level.

Design/methodology/approach
– This inquiry was conducted through a literature search of data and extant literature on school-level remedies to disproportional representation, particularly bias in the process of special education identification.

Findings
– While racial bias in any process remains difficult to expose, it cannot be eliminated as a contributing factor in the disproportional representation of African American students in special education. This review will acquaint the reader with competing explanations and proposed remedies.

Originality/value
– Critics have proposed that the disproportional representation of African American students in special education and in discipline statistics has become a way to segregate minority students, therefore an exploration of this practice merits concern.
Shared leadership, diversity, and information sharing in teams
Authors: E. Hoch Julia 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– Shared leadership is increasingly important in today's organizations. The purpose of this paper is to examine the association between shared leadership and team performance, the moderating role of demographic diversity and the mediating role of information sharing on this relationship.Design/methodology/approach– The research used a field study design, quantitative data of employees from two different organizations. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling analyses.Findings– Shared leadership was positively associated with team performance and this association was mediated by information sharing. Demographic diversity moderated the relationship between shared leadership and team performance, such that shared leadership was more strongly associated with team performance in more diverse teams and less in less diverse teams.Research limitations/implications– The results found support for moderating and mediating variables, explaining under what conditions and how shared leadership is associated with team performance in organizations.Practical implications– The findings highlight the importance of nurturing shared leadership, in particular as teams tend to grow more diverse in our todays’ work settings. They also highlight the importance of diversity in how shared leadership unfolds its potential.Social implications– The research highlights that shared leadership, diversity, and information are increasingly important in today's organizations and should be considered from a more positive standpoint.Originality/value– This research explored the association between shared leadership, demographic diversity, and information sharing with team performance. It represents a first step in examining the moderating and mediating variables of the shared leadership and team performance association.
Self-perceived employability, organization-rated potential, and the psychological contract
Authors: Dries Nicky , Forrier Anneleen , De Vos Ans , Pepermans Roland 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between self-perceived employability resources and perceived psychological contract (PC) obligations. To examine the extent to which organizational ratings of potential, through their “signaling” function, might serve as a buffer between employability and PC perceptions that are undesirable from an employer's point of view.Design/methodology/approach– Both self-report data (i.e. self-perceived employability resources and perceived PC obligations) and data reported by the HR departments of the participating organizations (i.e. organizational ratings of potential) were collected in a case-control design (n=103).Findings– Self-perceived employability resources are not related to lower intentions to stay with one's current employer. High-potential employees did not perceive themselves as particularly obliged to reciprocate their organizations’ additional investments in them by expressing longer term loyalty, or a higher performance level.Practical implications– Organizations should not be hesitant to assist their employees in enhancing their employability resources. In addition, they should engage in deliberate PC building with their high-potential employees so as to align their perceived PC obligations with the organizational agenda.Originality/value– The relationship between self-perceived employability resources and perceived PC obligations has been underexamined; hardly any PC research has taken organizational variables into account; hardly any research exists on the psychological implications of being identified as a high potential; and the study draws both on self-report data and data reported by the HR departments of the participating organizations.
Accountability and satisfaction: organizational support as a moderator
Authors: Wikhamn Wajda , T. Hall Angela 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how perceived organizational support (POS) moderates accountability's relationship with job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach– Self-report data were collected from one organizational sample from the USA and one organizational sample from Sweden.Findings– The results support the hypothesis that POS moderates the relationship between accountability and job satisfaction in the two samples. Specifically, the findings show that accountability relates positively to satisfaction under high support conditions and, in one sample, negatively to satisfaction under low support condition.Research limitations/implications– The current results suggest that social context is vital to a more informed evaluation of how accountability relates to work outcomes. Organizations should show their employees that they care about them. This can be achieved through starting, maintaining, and nurturing those initiatives that are interpreted positively by the employees.Social implications– Scandals represent examples of accountability failures. The implications of these scandals are not merely limited to individual companies and their employees. The wellbeing of the employees is part of the wellbeing of the society.Originality/value– This study offers new insights on the relationship between accountability and job satisfaction. First, it demonstrates how organizational support perception functions as a moderator of this relationship. Second, it reports replicable results from two organizational samples – one from North America and one from Europe.
Analyzing organization through disagreements: the concept of managerial controversy
Authors: Hussenot Anthony 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop the concept of managerial controversy. This concept focusses on organizational disagreements in order to understand the emergence of organization, and also postulates that researchers can better understand organizational phenomena through the ruptures that occur in an organization's everyday activities.Design/methodology/approach– While the concept of controversy was initially developed to understand the emergence of outputs, this paper develops the concept of managerial controversy in order to understand the emergence of ways of working.Findings– The concept of managerial controversy demonstrates that the authors can improve the understanding of organization by focussing on the disagreements, the associations of heterogeneous elements, the mediators, and the traces left by actors, as well as by considering the viewpoints of these actors.Research limitations/implications– The concept of managerial controversy can be used as a framework for describing the development of organization over time. This concept is suitable for management and organization scholars interested by issues related to organization and organizing.Originality/value– This paper offers an analytical framework for analyzing the emergence of organizational features from ruptures. Furthermore, the concept of managerial controversy extends to not only the literature of actor-network theory, but also to the literature related to organizing.
Examining entrepreneurial intention through cognitive approach using Malaysia GEM data
Authors: Zamberi Ahmad Syed , Roland Xavier Siri , Rahim Abu Bakar Abdul 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore entrepreneurial intentions among Malaysia adult population through the cognitive approach model.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is based on Global Entrepreneurship Monitor nation-wide survey which includes questions about entrepreneurial perceptions of the country's population.Findings– Three kinds of perceptions are identified: individual perceptions, perceptions about entrepreneurial opportunities and socio-cultural perceptions. Their effect on intentions is tested along with some control variables.Practical implications– The result of this study provides empirically rigorous evidence for understanding the entrepreneurial intention of individuals in Malaysia.Originality/value– This study is very relevant as it attempt to close this gap by not only providing further insights and understanding of the entrepreneurial intention, but also for the more general understanding of the economic development in developing nation.
Semantic ontologies for multimedia indexing (SOMI)
Authors: Bendib Issam , Ridda Laouar Mohamed , Hacken Richard , Miles Mathew 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The overwhelming speed and scale of digital media production greatly outpace conventional indexing methods by humans. The management of Big Data for e-library speech resources requires an automated metadata solution. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A conceptual model called semantic ontologies for multimedia indexing (SOMI) allows for assembly of the speech objects, encapsulation of semantic associations between phonic units and the definition of indexing techniques designed to invoke and maximize the semantic ontologies for indexing. A literature review and architectural overview are followed by evaluation techniques and a conclusion.Findings– This approach is only possible because of recent innovations in automated speech recognition. The introduction of semantic keyword spotting allows for indexing models that disambiguate and prioritize meaning using probability algorithms within a word confusion network. By the use of AI error-training procedures, optimization is sought for each index item.Research limitations/implications– Validation and implementation of this approach within the field of digital libraries still remain under development, but rapid developments in technology and research show rich conceptual promise for automated speech indexing.Practical implications– The SOMI process has been preliminarily tested, showing that hybrid semantic-ontological approaches produce better accuracy than semantic automation alone.Social implications– Even as testing proceeds on recorded conference talks at the University of Tebessa (Algeria), other digital archives can look toward similar indexing. This will mean greater access to sound file metadata.Originality/value– Huge masses of spoken data, unmanageable for a human indexer, can prospectively find semantically sorted and prioritized indexing – not transcription, but generated metadata – automatically, quickly and accurately.
Crowdsourcing content analysis for managerial research
Authors: Conley Caryn , Tosti-Kharas Jennifer 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel method for performing content analysis in managerial research – crowdsourcing, a system where geographically distributed workers complete small, discrete tasks via the internet for a small amount of money.Design/methodology/approach– The authors examined whether workers from one popular crowdsourcing marketplace, Amazon's Mechanical Turk, could perform subjective content analytic tasks involving the application of inductively generated codes to unstructured, personally written textual passages.Findings– The findings suggest that anonymous, self-selected, non-expert crowdsourced workers were applied content codes efficiently and at low cost, and that their reliability and accuracy compared to that of trained researchers.Research limitations/implications– The authors provide recommendations for management researchers interested in using crowdsourcing most effectively for content analysis, including a discussion of the limitations and ethical issues involved in using this method. Future research could extend the findings by considering alternative data sources and coding schemes of interest to management researchers.Originality/value– Scholars have begun to explore whether crowdsourcing can assist in academic research; however, this is the first study to examine how crowdsourcing might facilitate content analysis. Crowdsourcing offers several advantages over existing content analytic approaches by combining the efficiency of computer-aided text analysis with the interpretive ability of traditional human coding.
Does media pressure moderate CSR disclosures by external directors?
Authors: Garcia-Sanchez Isabel-Maria , Cuadrado-Ballesteros Beatriz , Sepulveda Cindy 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating effect of media pressure on external directors in relation to disclosure of information on corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approach– The paper adopts a multilevel approach, integrating the institutional, organisational and individual levels of analysis in a whole model that explains corporate transparency. The paper uses a sample composed of 98 non-financial listed Spanish companies for the period 2004-2010,Findings– The results show heterogeneity between external board members. Proprietary directors, representing shareholders, tend to promote adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines in order to increase value for shareholders. On the contrary, independent directors are risk adverse in relation to the effect that CSR information disclosure could have on their professional reputations.Research limitations/implications– The sample could be improved, including companies from different countries and more years for the analysis, since the period studied comprises a particular economic setting (2008-2010), a global financial crisis.Practical implications– Although these results from the Spanish context, the authors recommend that regulatory bodies incorporate provisions into good governance codes that guarantee the existence of quality and comparable CSR information that favours stakeholders’ decision taking.Originality/value– The image that society has about a company comes from the opinions created from the mass media. The arguments proposed by agenda-setting theory can be managed by companies as a strategic mechanism to respond to society expectations. At present, two of the most studied aspects are the ethical and sustainable behaviours of organisations. These aspects are related to the characteristics of boards of directors, especially to external directors. Independent directors may disagree with disclosing information about CSR practices because they fear that this information would affect their professional reputations, since they are not specialised in these topics. However, proprietary directors favour the disclosure of this information in an attempt to reduce the cost of capital and risk perceived by investors, especially in more sustainable companies.
Performance measurement system design in service operations
Authors: Mohd Amir Amizawati 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of firm size on the performance measurement system (PMS) design in the service context. Focusing on several aspects of the PMS design, i.e. the significance of the information attributes (PMS attributes), the way the system is used (PMS use) and the measurement mechanisms (PMS mechanisms), the significance of firm size was explored.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected by administering a mail questionnaire survey to the top-level management of private service firms operating in Malaysia. The sampling frame was based on information provided by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia, and the Central Bank of Malaysia. An extensive search of directories/portals was undertaken to compile the mailing list of each service sector. Samples were randomly selected from the list using proportionate stratified sampling.

Findings
– The findings suggest that firm size influences the way their PMS was designed. The larger the firm size, the greater the emphasis placed on designing a sophisticated PMS. The results also indicate that size has a greater effect on the PMS of professional service firms, compared to mass service firms.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitation of the study pertains to the objective to observe the practice among service organizations on a broad scale, thus limiting the ability to comprehend the reasons for the findings.

Practical implications
– To the PMS designers and users, the understanding may offer a basic knowledge for designing and developing an effective and efficient PMS to be a useful tool in facing the continuous growth and stringent service market competition.

Originality/value
– Rather than restricted to a specific service industry, the study removes the traditional perception that insists that each service activity and problem is unique, by examining the practice of PMS among service firms from a broad-based perspective. The focus is on the commonalities that exist between them in facing the consequences of the service revolution.
Capital structure and corporate governance of soccer clubs
Authors: Dimitropoulos Panagiotis 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The present study aims to examine the impact of corporate governance quality on the capital structure of European soccer clubs and specifically on the level of debt that soccer clubs decide to issue.Design/methodology/approach– A sample from 67 European soccer clubs over the period of 2005-2009 was analyzed, and panel data techniques were performed to assess the impact of specific corporate governance provisions on the capital structure of football clubs (FCs).Findings– Evidence indicate that efficient corporate governance mechanisms such as the increased board size and independence and the existence of more dispersed ownership (managerial and institutional) result in a reduction in the level of leverage and debt, thus reducing the risk of financial instability.Practical implications– This evidence suggests that corporate governance could be used as a monitoring mechanism for reducing the fictitious level of debt that characterizes the majority of European soccer clubs. This study could prove useful to Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) regulators because it provides an additional insight for the importance of establishing sound governance principles in European soccer so as to enhance the effectiveness of the recent “financial fair play” regulation which was launched in 2010, as well as to improve the financial status of the clubs and sustain their future viability.Originality/value– This is the first study internationally that examines capital structure within FCs, thus extending the existent empirical evidence in the literature and adding to a growing body of research on the issues of corporate governance and financing decisions.