bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Studies of Dimethylamino Derivatives of Fluorene
Authors: Heldt J. , Heldt J. R. , Redzimski T. , Diehl H. , Schultz P. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
2-dimethylamino-9-fluorenol and 2-dimethylamino-9(4'dimethylamino)phenyl-9-fiuorenol in polar solvents in the excited state undergo conformation changes in which two fluorescent isomers are created. The isomers (in the local excited (LE) and charge transfer (CT) configuration) possess separate fluorescence bands, one appearing from the S1 (LE) state and the second from the intramolecular charge transfer state S1 (CT) of the neutral, aromatic molecule. Both bands show a solvatochromic effect. Using the method of the solvent induced Stokes shift of the absorption and fluorescence spectra the permanent dipole moment of the excited state of fluorene and its two derivatives have been determined. The dipole moment of the ground state and the Onsager cavity radius of the studied molecules were calculated with the Auestion Model 1 (AM1) program.
High Dimensional Schwartz KP Equations
Authors: Lou Sen-yue 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The usual (2+1)-dimensional Schwartz Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation is extended to (n+1)-dimensions. The extension is Painleve integrable in the sense that it possesses the Painleve property. A (3+1)-dimensional special one is just found when we solve a real (3+1)-dimensional KP equation approximately.
On the Entropy Flow between Parts of Multi-component Systems, Partial Entropies and the Implications for Observations
Authors: Diebner Hans H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The concept of the time dependent instantaneously occupied phase space volume is applied to multi-component systems. It allows for the investigation of entropy flows betweeen the components of the system and the evaluation of partial entropies assigned to the subsystems. We give numerical examples by means of molecular dynamics simulations of a 100-particle gas. Using a symplectic exactly reversible algorithm, a consistent and reliable evalutation of energy and entropy exchanges as well as the intake of work is achieved. The entropy flow which is related to an information flow is linked to an observational situation. This yields a further indication for the necessity of an intrinsic observer for a better understanding of the physical world. In addition, it indicates the Gödelian structure of cognition in a most serious way because only “first-principle” assumptions are made. Thereby, the paradoxical situation which is created by Jaynes’ concept of an “anthropomorphic entropy” can be resolved by putting the anthropomorphic contents of thermodynamics down to an ontological basis. This is a straightforward extension of Szilard’s and Brillouin’s information theoretical treatment of cognition
Covariant Regularization of Nonlinear Spinorfield Quantum Theories and Probability Interpretation
Authors: Stumpf Harald 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
By a decomposition theorem a higher order nonlinear spinorfield equation can be transformed into a set of first order nonlinear spinorfield equations, i. e. into an auxiliary field formulation which allows canonical quantization. The quantum dynamics of the auxiliary fields is expressed in algebraic Schrödinger representation and admits only unphysical state spaces with indefinite metric. Regularization of the classical theory is transferred into quantum field theory by a noninvertible map from the corresponding auxiliary field state space into an associated physical state space, the metric of which is positive definite. For the effective dynamics in the physical state space probability current conservation is proved, and for physical states which describe composite particle configurations the existence of the state space is demonstrated
Analysis of the Dielectric Anisotropy of Typical Nematics with the Aid of the Maier-Meier Equations
Authors: Urban Stanisław , Kędzierski Jerzy , Dąbrowski Roman 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using the experimental data on the dielectric anisotropy, density, polarizability, dipole moment, and order parameter in the nematic phase of seven typical liquid crystalline substances, the applicability of the Maier-Meier theory for the description of the dielectric properties of nematics is checked. Substanc-es with different polarity and different tendency to form associates in the nematic phase were studied. It is found that the Maier-Meier equations describe fairly well the dielectric permittivity components of nematics. The estimated values of the angle β formed by the dipole moment with the long molecular axis are compared with those obtained in other studies
Photorecombination of Electrons in Dense Plasmas
Authors: Jung Young-Dae , Rhee Soo-Yong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The plasma screening effect on the photorecombination of free electrons, with ions in a weakly plas-ma is investigated. The recombination cross section is obtained by the principle of detailed balance with the photoionization cross section of the hydrogenic ion including the plasma screening effects on the bound and continuum states of the electron. It is found that the plasma screening effects on the recom-bination cross section are less than 11% when the Debye length (Λ) is greater than ten times of the Bohr radius (az) of the hydrogenic ion with nuclear charge Z
Transition from Regular to Stochastic Vibrational Motion in H+
3 Molecule: An ab initio Classical Trajectory Study
Authors: Babinec P. , Jakubíková E. , Leszczynski J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An ab initio classical trajectory study of intramolecular vibrational dynamics in H+
3 molecule revealed a transition from regular quasiperiodic to stochastic motion at an energy slightly higher than the zero point vibrational energy
Shear Viscosity of the Homologous Series of wCHBT (n = 0 ÷ f 12) in the Isotropic and Nematic Phases
Authors: Jadżyn J. , Dąbrowski R. , Glumiak K. , Czechowski G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents results of shear viscosity measurements performed on nematogenic 4-(trans-4'-n-alkylcyclohexyl)isothiocyanatobenzenes (CnH 2n + 1-CyHx-Ph-N=C=S, /nCHBT) in the isotropic (n = 0 ÷ 12) and nematic (« = 4 ÷ 12) phases. The viscosity measured in the nematic phase is, due to the flow alignment phenomenon, close to the Migsowicz T? 2 viscosity coefficient. An odd-even effect in the n dependence of the viscosity-activation energy is observed both in the nematic and isotropic phases of nCHBT.
Sub-Doppler Saturation Spectroscopy of HCN up to 1 THz and Detection of J = 3 —> 2 (4—> 3) Emission from TMC1
Authors: Ahrens Volker , Lewen Frank , Takano Shuro , Winnewisser Gisbert , Urban Štepán , Negirev A. A. , Koroliev A. N. 
Published: February 2015

Very high-resolution ( ∼ 30 kHz) and very precise (±2 kHz) saturation dip and crossover dip measurements are reported for HCN. Nine consecutive rotational transitions of the vibrational ground state were recorded, covering the rotational spectrum up to the J = 11 ← 10 transition at 975 GHz. Commencing the saturation dip measurements with the J = 3 ← 2 transition located at 265 886.4 MHz, all rotational transitions were measured up to J = 11 ← 10 (ΔF = 1), positioned at a center frequency of 974 487.2 MHz. It has become possible to resolve the hyperfine structure of every rotational transition to varying degrees. Transitions obeying the selection rules ΔJ = 1, ΔF = 0 are have been resolved, those obeying the selection rules J = 1, F = 1 are only resolved for transitions lower than the J = 6 ← 5 transition.
These new experimental saturation dip data, together with the molecular beam maser emission data of the J = 1 → 0 and J = 2 → 1 transitions reported by De Lucia and Gordy, (Phys. Rev. 187, 58 (1969)), and the recent terahertz measurements performed in this laboratory up to J = 22-21 at 1.946 THz (Maiwald et al., J. Mol. Spectrosc. 202, 166 (2000)), were subjected to a least squares analysis which yielded a highly precise set of molecular constants for the ground state of HCN: B = 44 315.974 970 (156) MHz, D = 0.087 216 35 (169) MHz, H = 0.086 96 (242) Hz; eQq = -4.709 03 (162) MHz, eQqJ = 0.244 (88) Hz, CN = 10.09 (38) kHz, CNJ = -0.0143 (86) mHz.
Two constants, the hydrogen spin-rotation, CH = -4.35 (5) kHz, and the spin-spin interaction between the proton and nitrogen nucleus, SNH = 0.154 (3) kHz, can not be determined from the saturation dip measurements and have been taken from Ebenstein and Muenter, J. Chem. Phys. 80, 3989 (1984). There also a value for the ground state permanent electric dipole moment (in Debye’s) is given, which we quote for completeness: 〈μ〉000 = 2.985 188 (3) D.
We also report the discovery of the J = 3 → 2 and J = 4 → 3 ground state rotational transitions of HCN in the dark, cold molecular cloud TMC1 by using the KOSMA 3m-Submillimeter Telescope located in the central Swiss Alps. For the J = 3 → 2 transition the hyperfine splitting has partly been resolved. The intensities of the hyperfine components are anomalous, and they are not in thermodynamic equilibrium.
Thermochromic Absorption, Fluorescence Band Shifts and Dipole Moments of BADAN and ACRYLODAN
Authors: Kawski A. , Kukliński B. , Bojarski P. 
Published: February 2015

Using the thermochromic shift method of absorption and fluorescence bands, the electric dipole moments in the ground (μg) and excited (μe) state are simultaneously determined for BADAN (6-bromoacetyl-2-dimethylamino-naphtalene) and ACRYLODAN (6-acrylolyl-2-dimethylamino-naphtalene) in ethyl acetate. For these compounds the same ratio μe/μg = 2.9 was found, which is similar to that of PRODAN (6-propionyl-2-dimethylamino-naphtalene).
The estimated empirical Onsager radii afor BADAN and ACRYLODAN are the same, and they are somewhat smaller than the calculated geometrical values.
Molecular Ordering in Non-Liquid Crystalline versus Liquid Crystalline Materials with Special Reference to DADMBP – A Computational Analysis
Authors: Ojha Durga Prasad 
Published: February 2015

DADMBP
A computational analysis of the molecular ordering of the non-liquid crystalline biphenyl derivative 4,4ʹ-diamino-3,3ʹ-dimethylbiphenyl () has been performed. The CNDO/2 method has been employed to compute the net atomic charge and atomic dipole components at each atomic centre. The modified Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory along with the multicentered-multipole expansion method has been employed to evaluate the long-range interactions, while a “6-exp” potential function has been assumed for short-range interactions. On the basis of stacking, in-plane and terminal interaction energy calculations, all possible arrangements of a molecular pair have been considered. It is found that, if a suitable functional group is attached to DADMBP, so that the length to breadth ratio is increased, the molecule will show a change in the long-range order, the phase transition temperature and other liquid crystalline properties. The results are compared with those for the liquid crystalline compounds 4-(4ʹ-ethoxyphenylazo)phenyl valerate (EPPV) and 4,4ʹ-di-n-propoxy-azoxybenzene (DPAB).
Disk Instantons, Mirror Symmetry and the Duality Web
Authors: Aganagic Mina , Klemm Albrecht , Vafa Cumrun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We apply the methods recently developed for computation of type IIA disk instantons using mirror symmetry to a large class of D-branes wrapped over Lagrangian cycles of non-compact Calabi-Yau 3-folds. Along the way we clarify the notion of “flat coordinates” for the boundary theory. We also discover an integer IR ambiguity needed to define the quantum theory of D-branes wrapped over non-compact Lagrangian submanifolds. In the large N dual Chern-Simons theory, this ambiguity is mapped to the UV choice of the framing of the knot. In a type IIB dual description involving (p; q) 5-branes, disk instantons of type IIA get mapped to (p; q) string instantons. The M-theory lift of these results lead to computation of superpotential terms generated by M2 brane instantons wrapped over 3-cycles of certain manifolds of G2 holonomy.
Microstructure and Electrochemical Behaviour of some SnO2-based Inert Electrodes in Aluminium Electrolysis
Authors: Popescu Ana-Maria , Mihaiu Suzana , Zuca Stefania 
Published: February 2015

Some types of anodes that could replace the usual carbon anodes in aluminium production by the Hall-Heroult process are based on SnO2. The present investigation deals with SnO2-Sb2O3-CuO ceramics having an SnO2 content of ≥96%), Sb2O3 and CuO being dopants. The ceramic pellets, thermally treated at 1400 °C for 4 hours, were analysed by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The structural analysis of the samples evidenced an SnO2 (ss) type solid solution. All samples were electronically conductive (small negative values of the Seebeck coefficients), having an activation energy ranging within 0.02 - 0.3 eV.
The anodic polarisation curves obtained with those anodes in an electrolyte of 88% Na3AlF6, 7% Al2O3 and 5% CaF2 were studied. The results were correlated with the microstructure of the investigated samples.
Molecular Organization in Langmuir Films of a Dichroic Azo Dye-Liquid Crystal Mixture. I. Thermodynamic Data and BAM Observations
Authors: Martyński T. , Miyake J. 
Published: February 2015

1
Two-component films of 4-octyl-4’-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) and a nonamphiphilic azo dye on an airwater interface have been studied by means of surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherm measurement, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and absorption spectroscopy. Conventional Langmuir technique was used to form /8CB (guest-host) films during compression and expansion of an area occupied by the molecules. The pure dye, spread on the air-water interface, formed irregular three-dimensional structures (3D), visible by the naked eye. In 1/8CB films the dye was distributed homogeneously only at low mole fraction. At mole fractions higher than 0.3, just after spreading the 1/8CB solution at the interface part of 1 formed 3D structures. On the basis of π-A isotherm, information about the miscibility of the two components in the 1/8CB mixtures was obtained by using the area additivity criterion and surface phase rule. BAM images allowed to draw conclusions on the molecular organization of mixed Langmuir films at the air-water interface. The presence of 1, roughly up to a mole fraction of 0.5, causes the mixed film to be less compressible and more thermodynamically stable (with higher collapse surface pressure). The absorption spectra of the films of 1/8CB mixtures revealed the formation of dye aggregates.
Defect Model of a Tetragonal Sm3+ Center Found from EPR Measurements in CaF2 and SrF2 Crystals
Authors: Zheng Wen-Chen , Dong Hui-Ning , Wu Shao-Yi , Tang Sheng 
Published: February 2015

The EPR parameters (g factors g∥, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A∥, A⊥) of a tetragonal
(C4v) Sm3+ center in CaF2 and SrF2 crystals are calculated by considering the crystal-field Jmixing
among the ground 6H5/2, the first excited 6H7/2 and second excited 6H9/2 state multiplets.
In the calculations the free-ion and crystal-field parameters of the tetragonal Sm3+-F− center
obtained from polarized laser-selective excitation spectroscopy are used. The calculated results
suggest that the tetragonal Sm3+-F− center is the Sm3+ center found by later EPR measurements.
The g factors g∥, g⊥ and hyperfine structure constants A∥, A⊥ of this EPR center are satisfactorily
explained.
Theoretical Studies of the Optical Spectra and EPR Parameters of CaWO4: Sm3+ Crystal
Authors: Donga Hui-Ning , Donga Hui-Ning , Donga Hui-Ning , Tanga Hong , Luoc Xiao-Bing , Wub Shao-Yi , Wub Shao-Yi 
Published: February 2015

The optical spectra and EPR parameters (g factors g||, g⊥ and hyperfine structure parameters A||,
A⊥ of 147Sm and 149Sm) of Sm3+ in CaWO4 crystal are calculated from the second-order perturbation
formulas of EPR parameters for a 4f5 ion in tetragonal symmetry. In these formulas, the Jmixing
among the 6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2 and 9/2) states via crystal-field interactions, the mixtures among
the states with the same J value via spin-orbit coupling interaction and the interactions between the
lowest Kramers doublet Γ γ and the same irreducible representations in the other 11 Kramers doublets
Γx via the crystal-field and orbital angular momentum (or hyperfine structure) are considered.
The theoretical results agree reasonably with the observed values.
Mini Fission-Fusion-Fission Explosions (Mini-Nukes). A Third Way Towards the Controlled Release of Nuclear Energy by Fission and Fusion
Authors: Winterberg F. 
Published: February 2015

Chemically ignited nuclear microexplosions with a fissile core, a DT reflector and U238 (Th232) pusher, offer a promising alternative to magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, not only burning DT, but in addition U238 (or Th232), and not depending on a large expensive laser of electric pulse power supply. The prize to be paid is a gram size amount of fissile material for each microexplosion, but which can be recovered by breeding in U238.
In such a “mini-nuke” the chemical high explosive implodes a spherical metallic shell onto a smaller shell, with the smaller shell upon impact becoming the source of intense black body radiation which vaporizes the ablator of a spherical U238 (Th232) pusher, with the pusher accelerated to a velocity of ∼200 km/s, sufficient to ignite the DT gas placed in between the pusher and fissile core, resulting in a fast fusion neutron supported fission reaction in the core and pusher. Estimates indicate that a few kg of high explosives are sufficient to ignite such a “mini-nuke”, with a gain of ∼103, releasing an energy equivalent to a few tons of TNT, still manageable for the microexplosion to be confined in a reactor vessel.
A further reduction in the critical mass is possible by replacing the high explosive with fast moving solid projectiles. For light gas gun driven projectiles with a velocity of ∼ 10 km/s, the critical mass is estimated to be 0.25 g, and for magnetically accelerated 25 km/s projectiles it is as small as ∼ 0.05 g.
With the much larger implosion velocities, reached by laser- or particle beam bombardment of the outer shell, the critical mass can still be much smaller with the fissile core serving as a fast ignitor.
Increasing the implosion velocity decreases the overall radius of the fission-fusion assembly in inverse proportion to this velocity, for the 10 km/s light gas gun driven projectiles from 10 cm to 5 cm, for the 25 km/s magnetically projectiles down to 2 cm, and still more for higher implosion velocities.
Preparation, Characterization and Crystal Structure of the Room Temperature Phase of [(CH3)(C6H5)3P]2[ZnBr4]: A Member of the A2BX4 Family
Authors: Mostafa Mohga F. , Youssef Ahmed A. , El-Dean Thanaa S. , Mostafa Aisha M. , Farag Ibrahim S 
Published: February 2015

The compound bis(methyltriphenylphosphonium) tetrabromozincate(II), [C19H18P]2[ZnBr4], Mr = 939.640, has a monoclinic unit cell, space group P21. The lattice parameters are a = 9.7693(4) Å , b = 12.5508(4) Å , c = 16.5372(6) Å , α = 90.00°, β = 105.2670(11)°, γ = 90.00°, V = 1956.11(11) Å3, Z = 2, Dx = 1.595 mgm−3 at T = 298 K. The structure consists of one distorted [ZnBr4]2− tetrahedron and two [(CH3)(C6H5)3P]+ cations. Differential scanning calorimetry indicates a continuous second-order transition at (276±2) K that may be classified as a commensurate to incommensurate transformation. A first-order transition to a higher symmetry is associated with a four-fold rotation of the [ZnBr4]2− ion and a change of entropy ΔS = 22.92 J/(K· mol) at T = (362±3) K.
Dilatometric measurements showed a decrease of the lattice parameters in the temperature range 230 - 260 K, confirmed the transition at (276±2) K, and indicated the presence of a third transition at 282 K.
Chlorine Solutions in Molten Alkali Chlorides
Authors: Kolobov Artem , Khokhlov Vladimir , Potapov Alexei , Kochedykov Victor 
Published: February 2015

Electronic absorption spectra of gaseous chlorine and their saturated solutions in molten alkali chlorides were studied in wide ranges of temperature and wavelength. It was found that gaseous chlorine has a wide absorption band between 20 000 and 43 500 cm−1. There is a tendency to both widening of the band and shifting of the absorption maximum to the short-waves region with rising temperature.
The absorption bands of saturated solutions of chlorine in all molten alkali chlorides show a maximum in the neighborhood of 30 000 cm−1. A good correlation was found between the optical density of molten salt-Cl2 systems and the solubility of chlorine.
Dynamic Dipole and Quadrupole Phase Transitions in the Kinetic Metamagnetic Spin –3 / 2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths Model
Authors: Kırak Muharrem , Canko Osman , Keskin Mustafa 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We study, within a mean-field approach, the stationary states of the kinetic metamagnetic spin −3/2 Blume-Emery-Griffiths model under the presence of a time-varying (sinusoidal) magnetic field.We use the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics to describe the time evolution of the system. The behaviour of the time dependence of the average order parameters in a period, which are also called the dynamic order parameters, as functions of the reduced temperature are investigated. The natures (continuous or discontinuous) of the transitions are characterized by investigating the behaviours of the thermal variations of the dynamic order parameters. The dynamic phase transition points are obtained and the phase diagrams are constructed in the plane of the reduced temperature (T) and the amplitude of the magnetic field (h), and sixteen fundamental types of phase diagrams are found. The phase diagrams exhibit one, two, three or four dynamic tricritical points and a dynamic double-critical end point, and, besides a disordered and three ordered phases, seven coexistence regions or mixed phases depending on the interaction parameters. We also investigate the influence of the reduced biquadratic exchange parameter (k) and obtain nine different phase diagram topologies in the (k,T) plane
Symbolic Computation Study of a Generalized Variable-Coefficient Two-Dimensional Korteweg-de Vries Model with Various External-Force Terms from Shallow Water Waves, Plasma Physics, and Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Lü Xing , Li Li-Li , Yao Zhen-Zhi , Geng Tao , Cai Ke-Jie , Zhang Cheng , Tian Bo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The variable-coefficient two-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) model is of considerable significance in describing many physical situations such as in canonical and cylindrical cases, and in the propagation of surface waves in large channels of varying width and depth with nonvanishing vorticity. Under investigation hereby is a generalized variable-coefficient two-dimensional KdV model with various external-force terms. With the extended bilinear method, this model is transformed into a variable-coefficient bilinear form, and then a Bäcklund transformation is constructed in bilinear form. Via symbolic computation, the associated inverse scattering scheme is simultaneously derived on the basis of the aforementioned bilinear Bäcklund transformation. Certain constraints on coefficient functions are also analyzed and finally some possible cases of the external-force terms are discussed