bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tubercular meningitis with hydrocephalus with HIV co-infection: role of cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedures
Authors: Sharma Raman Mohan , Pruthi Nupur , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan , Somanna Sampath , Devi Bhagavathula Indira , Pandey Paritosh 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Hydrocephalus is one of the commonest complications of tubercular meningitis (TBM), and its incidence is increasing with the HIV epidemic. Literature evaluating the role of ventriculoperitoneal shunts in HIV-positive patients with TBM and their long-term prognosis is scarce.

METHODS
Between June 2002 and October 2012, 30 HIV-positive patients with TBM and hydrocephalus underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement. Thirty age-, sex-, and grade-matched HIV-negative patients with TBM and hydrocephalus were randomly selected as the control group. Outcome was analyzed at discharge (short-term outcome) and at follow-up (long-term outcome). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to look for predictors of outcome; p < 0.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS
There were no differences in the clinical, radiological, or biochemical parameters between the 2 groups. Short-term outcome was better in the HIV-negative group (76.7% improvement) than in the HIV-positive group (70%). However, the long-term outcome in HIV-positive patients was very poor (66.7% mortality and 76.2% poor outcome) compared with HIV-negative patients (30.8% mortality and 34.6% poor outcome). Seropositivity for HIV is an independent predictor of poor outcome both in univariate and multivariate analyses (p = 0.038). However, in contrast to previous reports, of 5 patients with TBM in good Palur grades among the HIV-positive patients, 4 (80%) had good outcome following shunt placement.

CONCLUSIONS
The authors recommend that shunt treatment should not be performed in HIV-positive patients in poor Palur grade with hydrocephalus. A trial of external ventricular drainage should be undertaken in such patients, and shunt treatment should be performed only if there is any improvement. However, HIV-positive patients in good Palur grades should undergo VP shunt placement, as these patients have better outcomes than previously reported.
Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression
Authors: Ko Andrew L. , Ozpinar Alp , Lee Albert , Raslan Ahmed M. , McCartney Shirley , Burchiel Kim J. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECT
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression (NVC). While microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective treatment for TN, it is not possible when NVC is not present. Therefore, the authors sought to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of internal neurolysis (IN), or “nerve combing,” as a treatment for TN without NVC.

METHODS
This was a retrospective review of all cases of Type 1 TN involving all patients 18 years of age or older who underwent evaluation (and surgery when appropriate) at Oregon Health & Science University between July 2006 and February 2013. Chart reviews and telephone interviews were conducted to assess patient outcomes. Pain intensity was evaluated with the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity scale, and the Brief Pain Inventory–Facial (BPI-Facial) was used to assess general and face-specific activity. Pain-free survival and durability of successful pain relief (BNI pain scores of 1 or 2) were statistically evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were identified and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS
A total of 177 patients with Type 1 TN were identified. A subgroup of 27 was found to have no NVC on high-resolution MRI/MR angiography or at surgery. These patients were significantly younger than patients with classic Type 1 TN. Long-term follow-up was available for 26 of 27 patients, and 23 responded to the telephone survey. The median follow-up duration was 43.4 months. Immediate postoperative results were comparable to MVD, with 85% of patients pain free and 96% of patients with successful pain relief. At 1 year and 5 years, the rate of pain-free survival was 58% and 47%, respectively. Successful pain relief at those intervals was maintained in 77% and 72% of patients. Almost all patients experienced some degree of numbness or hypesthesia (96%), but in patients with successful pain relief, this numbness did not significantly impact their quality of life. There was 1 patient with a CSF leak and 1 patient with anesthesia dolorosa. Previous treatment for TN was identified as a poor prognostic factor for successful outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
This is the first report of IN with meaningful outcomes data. This study demonstrated that IN is a safe, effective, and durable treatment for TN in the absence of NVC. Pain-free outcomes with IN appeared to be more durable than radiofrequency gangliolysis, and IN appears to be more effective than stereotactic radiosurgery, 2 alternatives to posterior fossa exploration in cases of TN without NVC. Given the younger age distribution of patients in this group, consideration should be given to performing IN as an initial treatment. Accrual of further outcomes data is warranted.
Étalonnage des blocs de Corsi sur une population d'enfants scolarisés du CP à la 6 e
Authors: Fournier Maryline , Albaret Jean-Michel 
Published: February 2015

L’épreuve des blocs de Corsi mesure la composante visuo-spatiale de la mémoire de travail, mais fait appel à des processus cognitifs variés. Elle consiste à reproduire, dans le même ordre ou en ordre inverse, une séquence de mouvements de pointage de différents cubes montrée par l’observateur. La présente étude donne les résultats d’un étalonnage réalisé sur une population française de 456 enfants scolarisés du CP à la 6 e pour les conditions de rappel endroit et envers.
La recherche sur le dessin : quelles questions se pose-t-on actuellement en psychologie ?
Authors: Picard Delphine 
Published: February 2015

Le dessin est une activité grapho-motrice typique de l’enfance qui a régulièrement été l’objet de recherches dans le domaine de la psychologie. Dans cet article, nous nous attachons à dégager les principales questions de recherche qui sont actuellement posées en psychologie sur le dessin. Pour cela, notre méthodologie consiste (i) à rassembler les articles scientifiques publiés en langue anglaise dans des revues internationales à comité de lecture de 2011 à 2013 (inclus) qui comportent le mot « dessin » dans leur titre, puis (ii) à catégoriser ce corpus en un ensemble limité de thématiques récurrentes afin de dégager les principaux axes de recherche actuels sur le dessin. Enfin, (iii) nous procédons à une analyse qualitative et quantitative de ce corpus et illustrons chaque axe de recherche identifié par la présentation d’études représentatives de leur catégorie.
Compartilhamento de conhecimento: os meios utilizados no contexto da educação a distância
Authors: Nunes Carolina Schmitt , Rissi Maurício , Nakayama Marina Keiko , Pacheco Andressa Sasaki Vasques 
Published: February 2015

O objetivo do artigo é identificar e analisar os meios pelos quais os integrantes de um curso de graduação na modalidade a distância utilizam para compartilhar conhecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada com agentes do curso de graduação a distância em Administração na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas 29 entrevistas com participantes de seis diferentes funções no curso. Como principais resultados, verificou-se que o compartilhamento de conhecimento ocorre de espontâamente e também formalmente. Usam-se diferentes meios para o compartilhamento, os mais recorrentes são: e-mail, site, blogs, chats e redes sociais como meios que fazem uso de tecnologias da informação. Observou-se também que os encontros presenciais são momentos de compartilhamento intenso e o polo de apoio presencial se caracteriza como um ambiente adequado para que esse processo ocorra.
Zes bedenkingen bij de blijde boodschap van Benjamin Barber
Authors: Herweijer Michiel 
Published: February 2015

Six reservations about the gospel of Benjamin Barber
At December 1st 2014 in the Dutch city of Nijmegen (known from the Treaty of Nijmegen, 1678) the yearly VanHeste-lecture took place. This year the mayors Hubert Bruls of Nijmegen (Netherlands) and Louis Tobback of Leuven (Belgium) discussed the binding role of the modern mayor. Their starting point was the latest book of the American political scientist Benjamin Barber ‘If mayors ruled the world’. Michiel Herweijer, professor of Public Administration at Radboud University Nijmegen, is supposed to lead the discussion. To structure the discussion between the two mayors he formulates six questions, which contain six reservations about the gospel of Benjamin Barber. His conclusion is that Barber has written a fascinating book that has aroused much discussion worldwide. This debate is a good thing, because there are at least six good reasons (the six reservations mentioned by Herweijer himself in this contribution) to abandon the idea of a global parliament of mayors.
Politieke participatie en de omvang van het lokaal bestuur
Authors: van Houwelingen Pepijn 
Published: February 2015

Political participation and the size of local government
Does scaling up municipalities strengthen or does it weaken (local) political participation? This is an important question because of the intention – as it is written down in the Dutch coalition agreement – to gradually scale up Dutch municipalities to 100.000+ inhabitants. This article answers the question on the basis of a meta-analysis, voter turnouts, the national election study and interviews. The author has also examined behavioural indicators for political participation, especially the turnout figures at local elections. The conclusion from this analysis by the author is clear and unambiguous: as the size of the local government (the municipality) increases (local) political participation decreases. For a lot of forms of political participation a size of about 10.000 inhabitants seems to be the optimal scale for local government. Because other (recent) research in the Netherlands has shown that the assumed cost savings from municipal amalgamation are not achieved, the desirability of (further) upscaling of Dutch municipalities can be questioned.
Moord en doodslag gevolgd door een clandestiene begraving van het slachtoffer
Authors: Buijt Romano , Pellemans Chris , van Wilsem Johan 
Published: February 2015

Homicide followed by victim burial in clandestine grave
This article focuses on Dutch homicide cases involving victim burial in a clandestine grave. There is a lack of adequate criminological research about the nature of this kind of homicide. The results indicate that there are differences between the ‘regular’ homicide cases and clandestine burial cases. For example, clandestine burial cases included a higher proportion of sexual homicides. Second, different types of burial cases were analysed through cluster analysis, based on victim, offender and crime characteristics. Three distinct types of burial cases were defined which differ substantially with respect to the gender of the victim, where the burial took place and the relationship between victim and offender.
Discrimination of Gentiana rigescens from Different Origins by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometric Methods
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Zhang Ji , Jin Hang , Zhang Jinyu , Shen Tao , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Gentiana rigescens (“DianLongdan” in Chinese) medicinal plant is usually used for its activities of liver protection, cholagogic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, anti-hyperthyroidism, anti-hypertension, hyperglycemia, and relieving spasm and pain. In this study, methods for thediscrimination of different geographical origins of G. rigescens by FTIR spectroscopy in hyphenation with chemometric methods were developed. Different pretreatments including standard normalvariate, multiplicative scatter correction, first orsecond derivative, Savitzky-Golay filter, and Norrisderivative filter were applied on the spectra to optimize the calibrations. According to spectrum SD, spectrum ranges (3559–2709 and 2026–756 cm–1) were selected, and principalcomponent analysis-Mahalanobis distance (PCA-MD) model was built [the cumulative contribution rate of the first 10 principal components, determination coefficient (R2), root-mean-square error of calibration (RMSEC), and root-mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP), and prediction accuracy were 96.4%,98.6%, 0.5031, 0.7758, and 96.23%, respectively]. The spectral regions (3791–3442, 3043–2765, and 2013–646 cm–1) wereselected by using the variable importance in projection, and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) model was built (the cumulative contribution rate of the first 10 principal components, R2, RMSEC, RMSEP, and prediction accuracy were 91.3%, 92.0%, 0.1171, 0.1806, and 100%, respectively). This research showed that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics methods (PCA-MD and PLS-DA) was suitable for the discrimination of different geographical origins of G. rigescens. Furthermore, it was found that PLS-DA provided better results than PCA-MD.
Development and Validation of a Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Hydrocortisone Acetate Active Ingredient, Propyl Parahydroxybenzoate and Methyl Parahydroxybenzoate Preservatives, Butylhydroxyanisole Antioxidant, and Their Degradation Products in a Rectal Gel Formulation
Authors: Ascaso Magda , Pérez-Lozano Pilar , García Mireia , García-Montoya Encarna , Miñarro Montse , Ticó Josep R , Fàbregas Anna , Carrillo Carolina , Sarrate Rocío , Suñé-Negre Josep M 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A stability indicating method was established through a stress study, wherein different methods of degradation (oxidation, hydrolysis, photolysis, and temperature) were studied simultaneously to determine the active ingredient hydrocortisone acetate, preservatives propyl parahydroxybenzoate, and methyl parahydroxybenzoate, antioxidant butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), and their degradation products in a semisolid dosage gel form. The proposed method was suitably validated using a Zorbax SB-Phenyl column and gradient elution. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of methanol, acetonitrile, and water in different proportions according to a planned program at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. The diode array detector was set at 240 nm for the active substance and two preservatives,and 290 nm for BHA. The validation study was conducted according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines for specificity, linearity, repeatability, precision, and accuracy. The method was usedfor QC of hydrocortisone acetate gel and for the stability studies with the aim of quantifying the active substance, preservatives, antioxidant, and degradation products. It has proved to be suitable as a fast and reliable method for QC.
Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd Medi·Ca CC for Enumeration of Coliform Bacteria
Authors: Saito Fumihiko , Shimizu Mai , Suzuki Takeo , Hamada Chie , Iwase Tatsuhiko , Okochi Norihiko , Yamazaki Mamoru , Kyotani Hitoshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A ready-made dry medium method for coliform count, the Medi·Ca CC method, was compared to the Violet Red Bile Agar method (BacteriologicalAnalytical Manual, Chapter 4, Enumeration of Escherichia coli and the ColiformBacteria, Section G) for nine raw foods from four food categories: raw ground pork, raw lamb, raw groundchicken, raw tuna fillet, raw salmon fillet, raw shrimp, fresh peeled banana, fresh cut pineapple, and fresh cut apple. The 95% confidence interval for the mean difference between the two methods at each contamination level for seven matrixes from all four categories fell within the range of –0.50 to 0.50, and no statistical difference was observed at allthree contamination levels for four matrixes from three categories. These results demonstrated that the Medi·Ca CC method is a reasonable alternativeto the reference method for raw meat, raw poultry, raw fish, and fresh fruits.
Climate forcing of unprecedented intense‐hurricane activity in the last 2000 years
Authors: Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Hawkes Andrea D. , Lane Philip , MacDonald Dana , Shuman Bryan N. , Toomey Michael R. , van Hengstum Peter J. , Woodruff Jonathan D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHow climate controls hurricane variability has critical implications for society is not well understood. In part, our understanding is hampered by the short and incomplete observational hurricane record. Here we present a synthesis of intense‐hurricane activity from the western North Atlantic over the past two millennia, which is supported by a new, exceptionally well‐resolved record from Salt Pond, Massachusetts (USA). At Salt Pond, three coarse grained event beds deposited in the historical interval are consistent with severe hurricanes in 1991 (Bob), 1675, and 1635 C.E., and provide modern analogs for 32 other prehistoric event beds. Two intervals of heightened frequency of event bed deposition between 1400 and 1675 C.E. (10 events) and 150 and 1150 C.E. (23 events), represent the local expression of coherent regional patterns in intense‐hurricane–induced event beds. Our synthesis indicates that much of the western North Atlantic appears to have been active between 250 and 1150 C.E., with high levels of activity persisting in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico until 1400 C.E. This interval was one with relatively warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the main development region (MDR). A shift in activity to the North American east coast occurred ca. 1400 C.E., with more frequent severe hurricane strikes recorded from The Bahamas to New England between 1400 and 1675 C.E. A warm SST anomaly along the western North Atlantic, rather than within the MDR, likely contributed to the later active interval being restricted to the east coast.
Anthropogenic influence on the changing likelihood of an exceptionally warm summer in Texas, 2011
Authors: Rupp David E. , Li Sihan , Massey Neil , Sparrow Sarah N. , Mote Philip W. , Allen Myles 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe impact of anthropogenic forcing on the probability of high mean summer temperatures being exceeded in Texas in the year 2011 was investigated using an atmospheric circulation model to simulate large ensembles of the world with 2011 level forcing and 5 “counterfactual” worlds under preindustrial forcing. In Texas, drought is a strong control on summer temperature, so an increased frequency in large precipitation deficits and/or soil moisture deficits that may result from anthropogenic forcing could magnify the regional footprint of global warming. However, no simulated increase in the frequency of large precipitation deficits, or of soil moisture deficits, was detected from preindustrial to year 2011 conditions. Despite the lack of enhancement to warming via these potential changes in the hydrological cycle, the likelihood of a given unusually high summer temperature being exceeded was simulated to be about 10 times greater due to anthropogenic emissions.
Accelerated deforestation in the humid tropics from the 1990s to the 2000s
Authors: Kim Do‐Hyung , Sexton Joseph O. , Townshend John R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing a consistent, 20 year series of high‐ (30 m) resolution, satellite‐based maps of forest cover, we estimate forest area and its changes from 1990 to 2010 in 34 tropical countries that account for the majority of the global area of humid tropical forests. Our estimates indicate a 62% acceleration in net deforestation in the humid tropics from the 1990s to the 2000s, contradicting a 25% reduction reported by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization Forest Resource Assessment. Net loss of forest cover peaked from 2000 to 2005. Gross gains accelerated slowly and uniformly between 1990–2000, 2000–2005, and 2005–2010. However, the gains were overwhelmed by gross losses, which peaked from 2000 to 2005 and decelerated afterward. The acceleration of humid tropical deforestation we report contradicts the assertion that losses decelerated from the 1990s to the 2000s.
Modern inhalation anesthetics: Potent greenhouse gases in the global atmosphere
Authors: Vollmer Martin K. , Rhee Tae Siek , Rigby Matt , Hofstetter Doris , Hill Matthias , Schoenenberger Fabian , Reimann Stefan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractModern halogenated inhalation anesthetics undergo little metabolization during clinical application and evaporate almost completely to the atmosphere. Based on their first measurements in a range of environments, from urban areas to the pristine Antarctic environment, we detect a rapid accumulation and ubiquitous presence of isoflurane, desflurane, and sevoflurane in the global atmosphere. Over the past decade, their abundances in the atmosphere have increased to global mean mole fractions in 2014 of 0.097ppt, 0.30ppt, and 0.13ppt (parts per trillion, 10−12, in dry air), respectively. Emissions of these long‐lived greenhouse gases inferred from the observations suggest a global combined release to the atmosphere of 3.1 ± 0.6 million t CO2 equivalent in 2014 of which ≈80% stems from desflurane. We also report on halothane, a previously widely used anesthetic. Its global mean mole fraction has declined to 9.2ppq (parts per quadrillion, 10−15) by 2014. However, the inferred present usage is still 280 ±120t yr−1.
An optimum solar wind coupling function for the AL index
Authors: McPherron Robert L. , Hsu Tung‐Shin , Chu Xiangning 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe define a coupling function as a product of solar wind factors that partially linearizes the relation between it and a magnetic index. We consider functions that are a product of factors of solar wind speed V, density N, transverse magnetic field B⊥, and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) clock angle θc each raised to a different power. The index is the auroral lower (AL index) which monitors the strength of the westward electrojet. Solar wind data 1995–2014 provide hour averages of the factors needed to calculate optimum exponents. Nonlinear inversion determines both the exponents and linear prediction filters of short data segments. The averages of all exponents are taken as optimum exponents and for V, N, B⊥, and sin(θc/2) are [1.92, 0.10, 0.79, 3.67] with errors in the second decimal. Hourly values from 1966 to 2014 are used next to calculate the optimum function (opn) and the functions VBs (eys), epsilon (eps), and universal coupling function (ucf). A yearlong window is advanced by 27 days calculating linear prediction filters for the four functions. The functions eps, eys, ucf, and opn, respectively, predict 43.7, 61.2, 65.6, and 68.3% of AL variance. The opn function is 2.74% better than ucf with a confidence interval 2.60–2.86%. Coupling strength defined as the sum of filter weights (nT/mV/m) is virtually identical for all functions and varies systematically with the solar cycle being strongest (188 nT/mV/m) at solar minimum and weakest (104) at solar maximum. Saturation of the polar cap potential approaching solar maximum may explain the variation.