bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular-based detection of the gastrointestinal pathogen Campylobacter ureolyticus in unpasteurized milk samples from two cattle farms in Ireland
Authors: Koziel Monika , Lucey Brigid , Bullman Susan , Corcoran Gerard D , Sleator Roy D 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni and coli are collectively regarded as the most prevalent cause of bacterial foodborne illness worldwide. An emerging species, Campylobacter ureolyticus has recently been detected in patients with gastroenteritis, however, the source of this organism has, until now, remained unclear. Herein, we describe the molecular-based detection of this pathogen in bovine faeces (1/20) and unpasteurized milk (6/47) but not in poultry (chicken wings and caeca). This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of the presence of this potential gastrointestinal pathogen in an animal source, possibly suggesting a route for its transmission to humans.
Suboptimal health: a new health dimension for translational medicine
Authors: Wang Wei , Yan Yuxiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOne critical premise of disease‐related biomarkers is the definition of the counterpart normality. Contrary to pre‐clinical models that can be carefully tailored according to scientific need, heterogeneity and uncontrollability is the essence of humans in health studies. Fully characterization of consistent parameters that define the normal population is the basis to individual differences normalization irrelevant to a given disease process. Self claimed normal status may not represent health because asymptomatic subjects may carry chronic diseases or diseases at their early stage such as cancer, diabetes and hypertension.MethodsThis paper exemplifies the characterization of the suboptimal health status (SHS) which represents a new public health problem in a population with ambiguous health complaints such as general weakness, unexplained medical syndrome and chronic fatigue. We applied clinical informatics approaches and developed a questionnaire for measuring SHS. The validity and reliability of this approach were evaluated in a small pilot study and then in a cross‐sectional study of 3,405 individuals.ResultsThe final questionnaire congregated into a score (SHSQ‐25) which could significantly distinguish among several abnormal conditions.ConclusionSHSQ‐25 could be used as a translational medicine instrument for health measuring in the general population.
Long-Term Update of US GI Intergroup RTOG 98-11 Phase III Trial for Anal Carcinoma: Survival, Relapse, and Colostomy Failure With Concurrent Chemoradiation Involving Fluorouracil/Mitomycin Versus Fluorouracil/Cisplatin
Authors: Gunderson Leonard L. , Winter Kathryn A. , Ajani Jaffer A. , Pedersen John E. , Moughan Jennifer , Benson Al B. , Thomas Charles R. , Mayer Robert J. , Haddock Michael G. , Rich Tyvin A. , Willett Christopher G. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeOn initial publication of GI Intergroup Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 98-11 [A Phase III Randomized Study of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), Mitomycin, and Radiotherapy Versus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin and Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Anal Canal], concurrent chemoradiation (CCR) with fluorouracil (FU) plus mitomycin (MMC) decreased colostomy failure (CF) when compared with induction plus concurrent FU plus cisplatin (CDDP), but did not significantly impact disease-free survival (DFS) or overall survival (OS) for anal canal carcinoma. The intent of the updated analysis was to determine the long-term impact of treatment on survival (DFS, OS, colostomy-free survival [CFS]), CF, and relapse (locoregional failure [LRF], distant metastasis) in this patient group.Patients and MethodsStratification factors included sex, clinical node status, and primary size. DFS and OS were estimated univariately by the Kaplan-Meier method, and treatment arms were compared by log-rank test. Time to relapse and CF were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and treatment arms were compared by using Gray's test. Multivariate analyses used Cox proportional hazard models to test for treatment differences after adjusting for stratification factors.ResultsOf 682 patients accrued, 649 were analyzable for outcomes. DFS and OS were statistically better for RT + FU/MMC versus RT + FU/CDDP (5-year DFS, 67.8% v 57.8%; P = .006; 5-year OS, 78.3% v 70.7%; P = .026). There was a trend toward statistical significance for CFS (P = .05), LRF (P = .087), and CF (P = .074). Multivariate analysis was statistically significant for treatment and clinical node status for both DFS and OS, for tumor diameter for DFS, and for sex for OS.ConclusionCCR with FU/MMC has a statistically significant, clinically meaningful impact on DFS and OS versus induction plus concurrent FU/CDDP, and it has borderline significance for CFS, CF, and LRF. Therefore, RT + FU/MMC remains the preferred standard of care.
RET Fusions Define a Unique Molecular and Clinicopathologic Subtype of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wang Rui , Hu Haichuan , Pan Yunjian , Li Yuan , Ye Ting , Li Chenguang , Luo Xiaoyang , Wang Lei , Li Hang , Zhang Yang , Li Fei , Lu Yongming , Lu Qiong , Xu Jie , Garfield David , Shen Lei , Ji Hongbin , Pao William , Sun Yihua , Chen Haiquan 
Published: November 2012

Purpose The RET fusion gene has been recently described in a subset of non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Because we have limited knowledge about these tumors, this study was aimed at determining the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with NSCLC harboring the RET fusion gene. Patients and Methods We examined the RET fusion gene in 936 patients with surgically resected NSCLC using a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus quantitative real-time PCR strategy, with validation using immunohistochemical and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays. A subset of 633 lung adenocarcinomas was also studied for EGFR, KRAS, HER2, and BRAF mutations, as well as ALK rearrangements. Patient characteristics, including age, sex, smoking history, stage, grade, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification of subtypes of lung adenocarcinoma, and relapse-free survival, were collected. Results Of 936 patients with NSCLC, the RET fusion gene was exclusively detected in 13 patients (11 of 633 patients with adenocarcinomas and two of 24 patients with adenosquamous cell carcinomas). Of the 13 patients, nine patients had KIF5B-RET, three patients had CCDC6-RET, and one patient had a novel NCOA4-RET fusion. Patients with lung adenocarcinomas with RET fusion gene had more poorly differentiated tumors (63.6%; P = .029 for RET v ALK, P = .007 for RET v EGFR), with a tendency to be younger (≤ 60 years; 72.7%) and never-smokers (81.8%) and to have solid subtype (63.6%) and a smaller tumor (≤ 3 cm) with N2 disease (54.4%). The median relapse-free survival was 20.9 months. Conclusion RET fusion occurs in 1.4% of NSCLCs and 1.7% of lung adenocarcinomas and has identifiable clinicopathologic characteristics, warranting further clinical consideration and targeted therapy investigation.
Gonadal Function and Fertility in Survivors After Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment Within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD13 to HD15 Trials
Authors: Behringer Karolin , Mueller Horst , Goergen Helen , Thielen Indra , Eibl Angelika Diana , Stumpf Volker , Wessels Carsten , Wiehlpütz Martin , Rosenbrock Johannes , Halbsguth Teresa , Reiners Katrin S. , Schober Thomas , Renno Jorg H. , von Wolff Michael , van der Ven Katrin , Kuehr Marietta , Fuchs Michael , Diehl Volker , Engert Andreas , Borchmann Peter 
Published: November 2012

Purpose To optimize fertility advice in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) before therapy and during survivorship, information on the impact of chemotherapy is needed. Therefore, we analyzed gonadal functions in survivors of HL. Patients and Methods Women younger than age 40 and men younger than 50 years at diagnosis in ongoing remission at least 1 year after therapy within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD13 to HD15 trials for early- and advanced-stage HL were included. Hormone parameters, menstrual cycle, symptoms of hypogonadism, and offspring were evaluated. Results A total of 1,323 (55%) of 2,412 contacted female and male survivors were evaluable for the current analysis (mean follow-up, 46 and 48 months, respectively). Follicle-stimulating hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and inhibin B levels correlated significantly with therapy intensity (P < .001). Low birth rates were observed in survivors after advanced-stage treatment within the observation time (women, 6.5%; men, 3.3%). Regular menstrual cycle was reported by more than 90% of female survivors of early-stage HL (recovery time mostly ≤ 12 months). After six to eight cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone, menstrual activity was strongly related to age (< v ≥ 30 years: 82% v 45%, respectively; P < .001; prolonged recovery time). Thirty-four percent of women age ≥ 30 years suffered severe menopausal symptoms (three- to four-fold more frequently than expected). In contrast, male survivors had mean levels of testosterone within the normal range and reported no increased symptoms of hypogonadism. Conclusion The present analysis in a large group of survivors of HL provides well-grounded information on gonadal toxicity of currently used treatment regimens and allows risk-adapted fertility preservation and comprehensive support during therapy and follow-up.
Optimal Morphologic Response to Preoperative Chemotherapy: An Alternate Outcome End Point Before Resection of Hepatic Colorectal Metastases
Authors: Shindoh Junichi , Loyer Evelyne M. , Kopetz Scott , Boonsirikamchai Piyaporn , Maru Dipen M. , Chun Yun Shin , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Curley Steven A. , Charnsangavej Chusilp , Aloia Thomas A. , Vauthey Jean-Nicolas 
Published: November 2012

Purpose The purposes of this study were to confirm the prognostic value of an optimal morphologic response to preoperative chemotherapy in patients undergoing chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab before resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) and to identify predictors of the optimal morphologic response. Patients and Methods The study included 209 patients who underwent resection of CLM after preoperative chemotherapy with oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based regimens with or without bevacizumab. Radiologic responses were classified as optimal or suboptimal according to the morphologic response criteria. Overall survival (OS) was determined, and prognostic factors associated with an optimal response were identified in multivariate analysis. Results An optimal morphologic response was observed in 47% of patients treated with bevacizumab and 12% of patients treated without bevacizumab (P < .001). The 3- and 5-year OS rates were higher in the optimal response group (82% and 74%, respectively) compared with the suboptimal response group (60% and 45%, respectively; P < .001). On multivariate analysis, suboptimal morphologic response was an independent predictor of worse OS (hazard ratio, 2.09; P = .007). Receipt of bevacizumab (odds ratio, 6.71; P < .001) and largest metastasis before chemotherapy of ≤ 3 cm (odds ratio, 2.12; P = .025) were significantly associated with optimal morphologic response. The morphologic response showed no specific correlation with conventional size-based RECIST criteria, and it was superior to RECIST in predicting major pathologic response. Conclusion Independent of preoperative chemotherapy regimen, optimal morphologic response is sufficiently correlated with OS to be considered a surrogate therapeutic end point for patients with CLM.
Association of Postburn Fatty Acids and Triglycerides with Clinical Outcome in Severely Burned Children
Authors: Kraft Robert , Herndon David N. , Finnerty Celeste C. , Hiyama Yaeko , Jeschke Marc G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractContext:Free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TGs) are altered postburn, but whether these alterations are associated with postburn outcomes is not clear.Objective:The aim of the present study was to analyze lipid metabolic profiles in pediatric burn patients and to correlate these profiles with patient outcomes and hospital courses.Design and Setting:We conducted a prospective cohort study at an academic pediatric hospital burn center.Patients:Our study included 219 pediatric burn patients.Main Outcome Measures:Patients were stratified according to their plasma TG and FFA levels. Main patient outcomes, such as postburn morbidity and mortality, and clinical metabolic markers were analyzed.Results:All groups were similar in demographics and injury characteristics. Patients with elevated TGs had significantly worse clinical outcomes associated with increased acute-phase protein synthesis indicating augmented inflammation and hypermetabolism, whereas increased FFAs did not seem to profoundly alter postburn outcomes.Conclusions:Elevated TGs, but not FFAs, postburn are associated with worsened organ function and clinical outcomes.
The Antidiabetic Activities of the Methanolic Root Bark Extract of Afzelia africana in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice
Authors: Odo Rita I. , Asuzu Isaac Uzoma , Aba Patrick Emeka 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The methanolic root bark extract of Afzelia africana was tested for antidiabetic activities in-vivo. The acute toxicity of the extract was tested in mice and the result showed that the extract has low toxicity. Investigation on the phytochemical constituents of the plant extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. The plant extract was tested for antidiabetic activities in alloxan - induced diabetic mice at doses of 62.5 mg/kg, 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg over a period of 6 hours. The activity was found to be both dose and time dependent. Optimum activity was noted at the dose of 250 mg/kg and 6 hours post treatment. Distilled water (10 ml/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) were used as negative and positive controls respectively. The extract showed antidiabetic activity which did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from glibenclamide.Column and thin layer chromatography revealed the presence of 5 fractions in the plant extract out of which fraction 3 was found to be active.
Do Rising Top Income Shares Affect the Incomes or Earnings of Low and Middle-Income Families?
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey P. , Leight Elias 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper uses US state panel data to explore the relationship between the share of income received by affluent households and the level of income and earnings received by low and middle-income families. A rising top share of income can potentially lead to increases in the incomes of low and middle-income families if economic growth is sufficiently responsive to increases in inequality. A substantial literature on the impacts of inequality on economic growth exists, but has failed to achieve consensus, with various studies finding positive impacts, negative impacts, and no impacts on growth from increased levels of income inequality. This paper departs from that literature by exploring the effect of inequality on the standard of living of middle-income and low-income families. In the context of rising inequality, increased overall growth is not necessarily a suitable proxy for overall standard of living, since growth patterns are not uniform for the entire income distribution. The results of this study indicate that increases in the top share of income (particularly the top one percent) are associated with declines in the actual incomes (and earnings) of middle income families, but have no clear impact on families at the bottom of the income distribution.
Competitive Mixed Bundling of Vertically Differentiated Products
Authors: Ahn Illtae , Yoon Kiho 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We examine mixed bundling in a competitive environment that incorporates vertical product differentiation. We show that, compared to the equilibrium without bundling, (i) prices, profits and social welfare are lower, whereas (ii) consumer surplus is higher in the equilibrium with mixed bundling. In addition, the population of consumers who purchase both products from the same firm is larger in the equilibrium with mixed bundling. These results are largely in line with those obtained in the previous literature on competitive mixed bundling with horizontal differentiation. Further, we conduct a comparative static analysis with respect to changes in quality differentiation parameters. When the quality gap between brands narrows under no bundling and symmetric mixed bundling, prices and profits decrease. When quality differentiation is asymmetric across products, however, complicated effects occur on prices and profits due to strategic interdependence that mixed bundling creates.
A practical tutorial for generating ISO 10110 drawings
Authors: Lane Jason 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This tutorial provides a brief introduction to the ISO 10110 optical drawing standard. The indications included on an ISO 10110 optical drawing are defined, and an example drawing is provided to illustrate how the information is commonly presented. To aid the designer who may not be familiar with the capabilities of optical shops, a set of specification values are provided, which illustrate easy, typical, and difficult values to achieve in fabrication. The same type of information is presented for lens dimensions. Finally, a set of design best practices are presented to aid in reducing fabrication difficulty and cost.
The emerging roles for histone demethylases in the modulation of signaling pathways
Authors: Di Stefano Luisa , Dyson Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSince their discovery in 2004, histone demethylases have emerged as key regulators of chromatin. Recent studies have started to reveal the interconnections between histone demethylases and signaling pathways, suggesting that this interplay drives fundamental biological processes. Here, we summarize the different families and subfamilies of histone demethylases and the insights into the biological roles of these enzymes that have been provided by the analysis of mutant animals. We then review recent work linking demethylases and signaling pathways. These studies suggest that demethylase activities are a component of the critical connections that enable environmental signals to modulate the epigenetic landscape of a cell. A greater mechanistic understanding of the network of signals that control chromatin states during normal cellular processes, together with a better understanding of the ways that epigenetic alterations lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, might help in the design of effective tools for cancer therapy.
Cytochrome P450 2B6: function, genetics, and clinical relevance
Authors: Turpeinen Miia , Zanger Ulrich M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 belongs to the set of important hepatic drug-metabolizing CYPs. It makes up roughly 3%–6% of total hepatic CYP content and metabolizes several pharmaceuticals including bupropion, efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, pethidine, ketamine and propofol. The enzyme is susceptible to drug-drug interactions by enzyme induction and inhibition. In addition to drugs, CYP2B6 is able to both detoxify and bioactivate a number of procarcinogens and environmental agents including pesticides and herbicides. There is an extensive interindividual variability in the expression of CYP2B6, which is in part explained by extensive genetic polymorphism. CYP2B6 is one of the most polymorphic CYP genes in humans with over 100 described SNPs, numerous complex haplotypes and distinct ethnic and racial frequencies. This review summarizes the basic properties of CYP2B6 and the main characteristics of clinical relevance.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-dione
Authors: Kuran Bożena , Krawiecka Mariola , Kossakowski Jerzy , Szymanek Ksenia , Kierzkowska Marta , Młynarczyk Grażyna 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Five aminoalkyl 1H-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2H)-diones were synthesized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Microorganisms used in this study included aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and obligatory anaerobes Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Propionibacterium acnes. Moreover, Candida albicans yeast was used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the test compounds. Among the tested derivatives, two compounds 1 and 2 have shown the most potent antibacterial as well as antifungal activities.
Coating matters: the influence of coating materials on the optical properties of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Chanana Munish , Liz-Marzán Luis M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn essential element in the synthesis of nanomaterials based on gold nanoparticles comprises the control over parameters such as size, shape and composition, due to their strong influence on the properties of the particles. However, it is the coating material which often plays the primary role in tuning the size, morphology, and even plasmon resonance wavelength or mode multiplicity, as well as colloidal stability and functional versatility, ultimately determining the physical, chemical, optical, electronic and catalytic properties of the nanoparticles. Therefore, it is utterly important to select the adequate wet chemistry synthetic approach with the most suitable coating material for the preparation of gold nanoparticles with the desired requirements. Within this context, this review is focused on describing various types of organic and inorganic coating materials for gold nanoparticles that may notably affect their optical properties by either directly influencing the synthesis procedure or by changing their chemical and physical properties upon post-synthetic modifications, such that they exhibit novel and useful optical properties.
Effects of surface treatments of AA 2024-T3 aluminum sheet on bonding to epoxy-based film adhesive
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Tang , Liu Yung-Lung , Liao Yean-Ho , Tsai Peir-An 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Four different surface treatments were performed on aluminum sheets that were then bonded with an epoxy-based film adhesive in an autoclave to achieve good adhesion. Specimens were examined to determine the microstructure of the porous oxide layer on the aluminum sheet surface and its effects on the bonding performance. Based on the failure modes of the bonded surfaces, the peeling strength, and an analysis of the microstructure of the porous oxide layer, this study showed that chromic anodizing the aluminum sheet had the best bonding performance, whereas sulfuric and hard anodizing exhibited the worst bonding performance. Hot etching exhibited a bonding performance somewhere between that of chromic anodizing and that of sulfuric anodizing. The chromic anodizing surface treatment can produce more pores on the oxide layer of aluminum sheet surface, which can enlarge the bonding areas and consequently enhance its bonding performance.