bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mark‐resight abundance estimation under incomplete identification of marked individuals
Authors: McClintock Brett T. , Hill Jason M. , Fritz Lowell , Chumbley Kathryn , Luxa Katie , Diefenbach Duane R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryOften less expensive and less invasive than conventional mark–recapture, so‐called 'mark‐resight' methods are popular in the estimation of population abundance. These methods are most often applied when a subset of the population of interest is marked (naturally or artificially), and non‐invasive sighting data can be simultaneously collected for both marked and unmarked individuals. However, it can often be difficult to identify marked individuals with certainty during resighting surveys, and incomplete identification of marked individuals is potentially a major source of bias in mark‐resight abundance estimators. Previously proposed solutions are ad hoc and will tend to underperform unless marked individual identification rates are relatively high (>90%) or individual sighting heterogeneity is negligible.Based on a complete data likelihood, we present an approach that properly accounts for uncertainty in marked individual detection histories when incomplete identifications occur. The models allow for individual heterogeneity in detection, sampling with (e.g. Poisson) or without (e.g. Bernoulli) replacement, and an unknown number of marked individuals. Using a custom Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to facilitate Bayesian inference, we demonstrate these models using two example data sets and investigate their properties via simulation experiments.We estimate abundance for grassland sparrow populations in Pennsylvania, USA when sampling was conducted with replacement and the number of marked individuals was either known or unknown. To increase marked individual identification probabilities, extensive territory mapping was used to assign incomplete identifications to individuals based on location. Despite marked individual identification probabilities as low as 67% in the absence of this territorial mapping procedure, we generally found little return (or need) for this time‐consuming investment when using our proposed approach. We also estimate rookery abundance from Alaskan Steller sea lion counts when sampling was conducted without replacement, the number of marked individuals was unknown, and individual heterogeneity was suspected as non‐negligible.In terms of estimator performance, our simulation experiments and examples demonstrated advantages of our proposed approach over previous methods, particularly when marked individual identification probabilities are low and individual heterogeneity levels are high. Our methodology can also reduce field effort requirements for marked individual identification, thus, allowing potential investment into additional marking events or resighting surveys.
Does Documentation in Nursing Records of Nutritional Screening on Admission to Hospital Reflect the Use of Evidence‐Based Practice Guidelines for Malnutrition?
Authors: Geurden Bart , Wouters Conny , Franck Erik , Weyler Joost , Ysebaert Dirk 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo describe the documentation of nutrition‐related data and wards referral to dieticians in a Belgian university hospital.MethodRetrospective analysis of 506 nursing records.FindingsBody weight and height are documented in 22%. “Feeding assistance” and “usual food intake pattern” are documented in 68% of all cases, and in 71% it is marked whether the patient is on a diet. Eight percent of the patients are referred to a dietician, but the indications for these referrals are not clear.ConclusionGiven the poor documentation, most likely these patients are not adequately screened for malnutrition as recommended.Implications for Nursing PracticeNurses' documentation of nutrition‐related data should be improved to facilitate treatment of malnutrition with tailored multidisciplinary interventions.DoelEen beschrijving van de documentatie van essentiële voedingsparameters in het verpleegdossier, alsook de verwijzing van patiënten naar de diëtist, in een Belgisch universitair ziekenhuis.MethodRetrospectieve analyse van 506 verpleegdossiers.ResultatenIn 22% van alle dossiers wordt gewicht en lengte gedocumenteerd. “Hulp bij voeding” en “voedingspatroon” wordt gedocumenteerd in 68% van alle dossiers, en in 71% wordt er aangegeven of de patiënt al dan niet een dieet volgt. 8% van alle patiënten werd verwezen naar een diëtist maar de criteria om te verwijzen blijven onduidelijk.ConclusieGezien de gebrekkige documentering werden deze patiënten waarschijnlijk niet, zoals aanbevolen, adequaat gescreend voor ondervoeding.Implicaties Voor De Verpleegkundige PraktijkBehandeling van ondervoeding met aangepaste multidisciplinaire interventies mag niet langer belemmerd worden door een gebrekkige documentatie door de verpleegkundigen van essentiële voedingsparameters.
Effectiveness and tolerance of anti‐inflammatory drugs' add‐on therapy in major mental disorders: a systematic qualitative review
Authors: Fond G. , Hamdani N. , Kapczinski F. , Boukouaci W. , Drancourt N. , Dargel A. , Oliveira J. , Le Guen E. , Marlinge E. , Tamouza R. , Leboyer M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTo provide a systematic review of the literature regarding the efficacy of anti‐inflammatory drugs in three major mental disorders [major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia and bipolar disorders].MethodFour databases were explored, without any year or language restrictions. The baseline search paradigm was limited to open‐labelled clinical and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).ResultsFour major classes of anti‐inflammatory drugs were identified, namely polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, anti‐TNFalpha and minocycline. Effectiveness and benefit/risk ratio of each class in MDD, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia was detailed when data were available. Several meta‐analyses indicated effectiveness of PUFAs in MDD with a good tolerance profile. One meta‐analysis indicated that COX‐2 specific inhibitors showed effectiveness in schizophrenia. Anti‐TNFalpha showed important effectiveness in resistant MDD with blood inflammatory abnormalities. Minocycline showed effectiveness in schizophrenia.ConclusionPolyunsaturated fatty acids seem to have the best benefit/risk ratio profile but proved their effectiveness only in MDD. A number of anti‐inflammatory drugs are available as adjunct treatment for treatment‐resistant patients with MDD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. If used with caution regarding their possible side‐effects, they may be reasonable therapeutic alternatives for resistant symptomatology.
Therapeutic effect of farnesylthiosalicylic acid on adjuvant-induced arthritis through suppressed release of inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Aizman E , Blacher E , Ben-Moshe O , Kogan T , Kloog Y , Mor A 
Published: November 2013

SummaryRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by pronounced inflammation and leucocyte infiltration in affected joints. Despite significant therapeutic advances, a new targeted approach is needed. Our objective in this work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Ras inhibitor farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, an experimental model for RA. Following AIA induction in Lewis rats by intradermal injection of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rats were treated with either FTS or dexamethasone and assessed daily for paw swelling. Joints were imaged by magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography and analysed histologically. The anti-inflammatory effect of FTS was assessed by serum assay of multiple cytokines. After adjuvant injection rats demonstrated paw swelling, leucocyte infiltration, cytokine secretion and activation of Ras-effector pathways. Upon FTS treatment these changes reverted almost to normal. Histopathological analysis revealed that the synovial hyperplasia and leucocyte infiltration observed in the arthritic rats were alleviated by FTS. Periarticular bony erosions were averted. Efficacy of FTS treatment was also demonstrated by inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation and of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17 release. The Ras effectors PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), p38, and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) were significantly attenuated and forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) transcription factor, a marker of regulatory T cells, was significantly increased. Thus, FTS possesses significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic properties and accordingly shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent for RA. Its effects are apparently mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines.
Immediate Loading of Two Dental Implants, in Edentulous Mandibles, with Locator® Attachments or Dolder® Bars: First Results from a Prospective Randomized Clinical Study
Authors: Kappel Stefanie , Eberhard Lydia , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas , Rammelsberg Peter , Eiffler Constantin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate survival and the incidence of complications for pairs of implants placed in the frontal area of edentulous mandibles and immediately loaded with either bar or Locator® (Zest Anchors LLC, Escondido, CA, USA) attachments.Material and MethodsForty‐six patients (mean age 69.4 years; 73.9% male) with edentulous mandibles each received two immediately loaded implants in the interforaminal area of the symphysis. Immediately after implant placement, Dolder® bar (Sub‐Tec Wirobond; BEGO Implant Systems GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany) or Locator® attachments, allocated randomly, were attached, and both clips and a framework were incorporated into the denture by the dental technician. The implants were loaded within 72 hours.ResultsDuring a mean observation period of 6 months (maximum 24 months, SD 0.43) eight implants in five patients were lost. Survival was 93.5% for the Locator® group and 89.1% for the bar group. Estimated cumulative survival after 1 year of function was 93.4% for the Locator® group and 87.1% for the bar group.During the observation period, 12 prosthetic complications required aftercare. No superstructure was lost or had to be remade for prosthetic reasons, but five dentures had to be removed or reworked after implant failure. Survival of the original dentures was, therefore, 95.7% for the Locator® group and 93.5% for the bar group.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, immediate loading of two implants in the edentulous mandible with either Locator® or bar attachments did hardly differ. Ease of repair and cleaning, in particular, might be arguments for choosing the single attachment system.
Treatment with corticosteroids and the risk of anastomotic leakage following lower gastrointestinal surgery: a literature survey
Authors: Eriksen T. F. , Lassen C. B. , Gögenur I. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimBackground Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication in colorectal surgery. Treatment with corticosteroids is known to impair wound healing but their effect on the healing of a colorectal anastomosis remains unclear, and studies have reported conflicting results. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the current evidence regarding the effect of corticosteroids on the risk of anastomotic leakage following colorectal surgery.MethodSearch strategy A systematic review was conducted following a search of PubMed and Embase. Selection criteria Inclusion criteria were studies published in English and involving humans. A minimum cohort of 50 patients was required and anastomoses involving the ileum, colon and rectum were included. Studies that investigated corticosteroids as a risk factor for anastomotic leakage were included regardless of the duration and the dose of corticosteroids. Data Collection and analysis A comparison was conducted between anastomotic leakage in noncorticosteroid‐ and corticosteroid‐treated patients. The main outcome measure was the risk of anastomotic leakage.ResultsTwelve studies with a total of 9564 patients were included in the review. In total, 1034 patients received corticosteroids in the preoperative period, and 344 patients were diagnosed with anastomotic leakage, 70 of whom had received corticosteroids. Six of the 12 studies showed an increased risk for anastomotic leakage in the corticosteroid group. Overall, the anastomotic leakage rate was 6.77% (95% CI: 5.48–9.06) in the corticosteroid group and 3.26% (95% CI: 2.94–3.58) in the noncorticosteroid group.ConclusionCaution should be shown in patients scheduled for lower gastrointestinal surgery with anastomosis.
Implicit Transfer of Reversed Temporal Structure in Visuomotor Sequence Learning
Authors: Tanaka Kanji , Watanabe Katsumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome spatio‐temporal structures are easier to transfer implicitly in sequential learning. In this study, we investigated whether the consistent reversal of triads of learned components would support the implicit transfer of their temporal structure in visuomotor sequence learning. A triad comprised three sequential button presses ([1][2][3]) and seven consecutive triads comprised a sequence. Participants learned sequences by trial and error, until they could complete it 20 times without error. Then, they learned another sequence, in which each triad was reversed ([3][2][1]), partially reversed ([2][1][3]), or switched so as not to overlap with the other conditions ([2][3][1] or [3][1][2]). Even when the participants did not notice the alternation rule, the consistent reversal of the temporal structure of each triad led to better implicit transfer; this was confirmed in a subsequent experiment. These results suggest that the implicit transfer of the temporal structure of a learned sequence can be influenced by both the structure and consistency of the change.
Microcolumn adsorption studies of acid/basic dyes related to the physicochemical properties of the adsorbent
Authors: Iriarte‐Velasco Unai , Álvarez‐Uriarte Jon I , González‐Marcos María P , González‐Velasco Juan R 
Published: November 2013

The adsorptive removal of cationic Methylene Blue and anionic Alizarin Red S was analysed in microcolumn tests. A detailed analysis of the influence of adsorbent surface acidity/basicity, elemental composition, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller area, pore distribution, and point‐of‐zero‐charge pH on breakthrough properties was carried out. The characteristics of the mass transfer zone were used for evaluation of column performance. Four different activated carbons with different physical and chemical properties were analysed. It was concluded that, for adsorbents containing pores smaller than 1.7 times the solute molecular radius, the interactions between surface and solute have the greatest influence on the effective usage of column uptake capacity. A column packed with adsorbent characterised by large enough pores readily removed either anionic or cationic solutes. Partial correlation analysis revealed that the adsorption of cationic dye (Methylene Blue) was more sensitive to adsorbent textural properties in comparison with anionic dye (Alizarin Red S). Maximum column capacities were 3–4 times higher for cationic Methylene Blue than for anionic Alizarin Red S, with values of 494 and 107 mg/g respectively. The higher solubility of Alizarin Red S could be responsible for its lower and more even removal efficiencies. Finally, the surface chemistry of the adsorbent affected how the operating conditions influenced the column performance, as deduced from the opposite effect of flow rate on the adsorption of Methylene Blue by each adsorbent.
Selective importance of the rat anterior thalamic nuclei for configural learning involving distal spatial cues
Authors: Dumont Julie R. , Amin Eman , Aggleton John P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo test potential parallels between hippocampal and anterior thalamic function, rats with anterior thalamic lesions were trained on a series of biconditional learning tasks. The anterior thalamic lesions did not disrupt learning two biconditional associations in operant chambers where a specific auditory stimulus (tone or click) had a differential outcome depending on whether it was paired with a particular visual context (spot or checkered wall‐paper) or a particular thermal context (warm or cool). Likewise, rats with anterior thalamic lesions successfully learnt a biconditional task when they were reinforced for digging in one of two distinct cups (containing either beads or shredded paper), depending on the particular appearance of the local context on which the cup was placed (one of two textured floors). In contrast, the same rats were severely impaired at learning the biconditional rule to select a specific cup when in a particular location within the test room. Place learning was then tested with a series of go/no‐go discriminations. Rats with anterior thalamic nuclei lesions could learn to discriminate between two locations when they were approached from a constant direction. They could not, however, use this acquired location information to solve a subsequent spatial biconditional task where those same places dictated the correct choice of digging cup. Anterior thalamic lesions produced a selective, but severe, biconditional learning deficit when the task incorporated distal spatial cues. This deficit mirrors that seen in rats with hippocampal lesions, so extending potential interdependencies between the two sites.
The ecology of sexual conflict: ecologically dependent parallel evolution of male harm and female resistance inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Arbuthnott Devin , Dutton Emily M. , Agrawal Aneil F. , Rundle Howard D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe prevalence of sexual conflict in nature, along with the potentially stochastic nature of the resulting coevolutionary trajectories, makes it an important driver of phenotypic divergence and speciation that can operate even in the absence of environmental differences. The majority of empirical work investigating sexual conflict's role in population divergence/speciation has therefore been done in uniform environments and any role of ecology has largely been ignored. However, theory suggests that natural selection can constrain phenotypes influenced by sexual conflict. We use replicate populations ofDrosophila melanogasteradapted to alternative environments to test how ecology influences the evolution of male effects on female longevity. The extent to which males reduce female longevity, as well as female resistance to such harm, both evolved in association with adaptation to the different environments. Our results demonstrate that ecology plays a central role in shaping patterns of population divergence in traits under sexual conflict.
Transcriptomic responses to high water temperature in two species of Pacific salmon
Authors: Jeffries Ken M. , Hinch Scott G. , Sierocinski Thomas , Pavlidis Paul , Miller Kristi M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCharacterizing the cellular stress response (CSR) of species at ecologically relevant temperatures is useful for determining whether populations and species can successfully respond to current climatic extremes and future warming. In this study, populations of wild‐caught adult pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon from the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, were experimentally treated to ecologically relevant ‘cool’ or ‘warm’ water temperatures to uncover common transcriptomic responses to elevated water temperature in non‐lethally sampled gill tissue. We detected the differential expression of 49 microarray features (29 unique annotated genes and one gene with unknown function) associated with protein folding, protein synthesis, metabolism, oxidative stress and ion transport that were common between populations and species of Pacific salmon held at 19°C compared with fish held at a cooler temperature (13 or 14°C). There was higher mortality in fish held at 19°C, which suggests a possible relationship between a temperature‐induced CSR and mortality in these species. Our results suggest that frequently encountered water temperatures ≥19°C, which are capable of inducing a common CSR across species and populations, may increase risk of upstream spawning migration failure for pink and sockeye salmon.
No effect of seed source on multiple aspects of ecosystem functioning during ecological restoration: cultivars compared to local ecotypes of dominant grasses
Authors: Baer Sara G. , Gibson David J. , Gustafson Danny J. , Benscoter Allison M. , Reed Lewis K. , Campbell Ryan E. , Klopf Ryan P. , Willand Jason E. , Wodika Ben R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGenetic principles underlie recommendations to use local seed, but a paucity of information exists on the genetic distinction and ecological consequences of using different seed sources in restorations. We established a field experiment to test whether cultivars and local ecotypes of dominant prairie grasses were genetically distinct and differentially influenced ecosystem functioning. Whole plots were assigned to cultivar and local ecotype grass sources. Three subplots within each whole plot were seeded to unique pools of subordinate species. The cultivar of the increasingly dominant grass,Sorghastrum nutans, was genetically different than the local ecotype, but genetic diversity was similar between the two sources. There were no differences in aboveground net primary production, soil carbon accrual, and net nitrogen mineralization rate in soil between the grass sources. Comparable productivity of the grass sources among the species pools for four years shows functional equivalence in terms of biomass production. Subordinate species comprised over half the aboveground productivity, which may have diluted the potential for documented trait differences between the grass sources to influence ecosystem processes. Regionally developed cultivars may be a suitable alternative to local ecotypes for restoration in fragmented landscapes with limited gene flow between natural and restored prairie and negligible recruitment by seed.
Climate change and timing of avian breeding and migration: evolutionary versus plastic changes
Authors: Charmantier Anne , Gienapp Phillip 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThere are multiple observations around the globe showing that in many avian species, both the timing of migration and breeding have advanced, due to warmer springs. Here, we review the literature to disentangle the actions of evolutionary changes in response to selection induced by climate change versus changes due to individual plasticity, that is, the capacity of an individual to adjust its phenology to environmental variables. Within the abundant literature on climate change effects on bird phenology, only a small fraction of studies are based on individual data, yet individual data are required to quantify the relative importance of plastic versus evolutionary responses. While plasticity seems common and often adaptive, no study so far has provided direct evidence for an evolutionary response of bird phenology to current climate change. This assessment leads us to notice the alarming lack of tests for microevolutionary changes in bird phenology in response to climate change, in contrast with the abundant claims on this issue. In short, at present we cannot draw reliable conclusions on the processes underlying the observed patterns of advanced phenology in birds. Rapid improvements in techniques for gathering and analysing individual data offer exciting possibilities that should encourage research activity to fill this knowledge gap.