bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transnational Business and US Diplomacy in Late Nineteenth-Century South America: W. R. Grace & Co. and the Chilean Crises of 1891
Authors: RICE MARK 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe final decades of the nineteenth century were marked by diplomatic confrontations between Chile and the United States. In 1891 the killing of US Navy sailors in a riot in Valparaíso threatened to provoke armed conflict, an event known as the Baltimore Crisis. This article investigates how William Russell Grace, the head of a merchant firm based in New York, played a central role in negotiating between Chile and the United States. By placing his activities in a transnational framework, Grace responded to the demands of multiple nation-states in the Americas. Observing changes in Grace's transnational economic infrastructure can help to identify larger long-term shifts in diplomacy and power on South America's Pacific coast in the late nineteenth century, especially Chile's emergence as a regional hegemon. The actions of Grace also raise larger questions regarding the power of business in the Americas in the late nineteenth century, especially with regard to growing US interests in the region.
Solitary and freak waves in superthermal plasma with ion jet
Authors: ABDELSALAM U. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe nonlinear solitary and freak waves in a plasma composed of positive and negative ions, superthermal electrons, ion beam, and stationary dust particles have been investigated. The reductive perturbation method is used to obtain the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation describing the system. The latter admits solitary wave solution, while the dynamics of the modulationally unstable wavepackets described by the KdV equation gives rise to the formation of freak/rogue excitation described by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In order to show that the characteristics of solitary and freak waves are influenced by plasma parameters, relevant numerical analysis of appropriate nonlinear solutions are presented. The results from this work predict nonlinear excitations that may associate with ion jet and superthermal electrons in Herbig–Haro objects.
Symptom-specific self-referential cognitive processes in bipolar disorder: a longitudinal analysis
Authors: Pavlickova H. , Varese F. , Turnbull O. , Scott J. , Morriss R. , Kinderman P. , Paykel E. , Bentall R. P. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAlthough depression and mania are often assumed to be polar opposites, studies have shown that, in patients with bipolar disorder, they are weakly positively correlated and vary somewhat independently over time. Thus, when investigating relationships between specific psychological processes and specific symptoms (mania and depression), co-morbidity between the symptoms and changes over time must be taken into account.MethodA total of 253 bipolar disorder patients were assessed every 24 weeks for 18 months using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD), the Bech–Rafaelsen Mania Assessment Scale (MAS), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (RSEQ), the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS), the Internal, Personal and Situational Attributions Questionnaire (IPSAQ) and the Personal Qualities Questionnaire (PQQ). We calculated multilevel models using thextregmodule of Stata 9.1, with psychological and clinical measures nested within each participant.ResultsMania and depression were weakly, yet significantly, associated; each was related to distinct psychological processes. Cross-sectionally, self-esteem showed the most robust associations with depression and mania: depression was associated with low positive and high negative self-esteem, and mania with high positive self-esteem. Depression was significantly associated with most of the other self-referential measures, whereas mania was weakly associated only with the externalizing bias of the IPSAQ and the achievement scale of the DAS. Prospectively, low self-esteem predicted future depression.ConclusionsThe associations between different self-referential thinking processes and different phases of bipolar disorder, and the presence of the negative self-concept in both depression and mania, have implications for therapeutic management, and also for future directions of research.
‘Ontological’ arguments from experience: Daniel A. Dombrowski, Iris Murdoch, and the nature of divine reality
Authors: BURNS ELIZABETH D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDombrowski and Murdoch offer versions of the ontological argument which aim to avoid two types of objection – those concerned with the nature of the divine, and those concerned with the move from an abstract concept to a mind-independent reality. For both, the nature of the concept of God/Good entails its instantiation, and both supply a supporting argument from experience. It is only Murdoch who successfully negotiates the transition from an abstract concept to the instantiation of that concept, however, and this is achieved by means of an ontological argument from moral experience which, in a reversal of the Kantian doctrine, depends ultimately on a form of the cosmological argument.
Experiences of ageing and aged care in Australia of older survivors of genocide
Authors: TESHUVA KAREN , WELLS YVONNE 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study investigated the ageing and aged care experiences in Australia of two cohorts of older survivors of genocide: Jewish Holocaust survivors and older Cambodian genocide survivors. It was carried out in response to an identified need to better train aged care workers who are in contact with these groups. In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 community-dwelling survivors aged 65 and over. Credibility was ensured by methodological triangulation and peer debriefing. The study highlighted the importance of understanding older survivors’ ageing and aged care experiences in the context of their entire lifecourse and in terms of both vulnerability and resilience. It showed that trauma history can heighten older survivors’ sensitivity to many aspects of the social and physical environments in residential, community and home-based aged care settings. The study also uncovered the potential for aged care services to help older survivors cope with the psycho-social and emotional effects of resurfacing post-traumatic stress symptoms. The implications of the study findings for care practice include the importance of recognising older survivors of genocide as a distinct group of clients and the need to distinguish staff training for caring for this client group from general cultural awareness training.
Who cares? A comparison of informal and formal care provision in Spain, England and the USA
Authors: SOLÉ-AURÓ AÏDA , CRIMMINS EILEEN M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the prevalence of incapacity in performing daily activities and the associations between household composition and availability of family members and receipt of care among older adults with functioning problems in Spain, England and the United States of America (USA). We examine how living arrangements, marital status, child availability, limitations in functioning ability, age and gender affect the probability of receiving formal care and informal care from household members and from others in three countries with different family structures, living arrangements and policies supporting care of the incapacitated. Data sources include the 2006 Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe for Spain, the third wave of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (2006), and the eighth wave of the USA Health and Retirement Study (2006). Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions are used to estimate the probability of receiving care and the sources of care among persons age 50 and older. The percentage of people with functional limitations receiving care is higher in Spain. More care comes from outside the household in the USA and England than in Spain. The use of formal care among the incapacitated is lowest in the USA and highest in Spain.
Application of statistical techniques in modeling and optimization of a snake robot
Authors: Kalani Hadi , Akbarzadeh Alireza , Bahrami Hossein 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYThis paper provides a general framework based on statistical design and Simulated Annealing (SA) optimization techniques for the development, analysis, and performance evaluation of forthcoming snake robot designs. A planar wheeled snake robot is considered, and the effect of its key design parameters on its performance while moving in serpentine locomotion is investigated. The goal is to minimize energy consumption and maximize distance traveled. Key kinematic and dynamic parameters as well as their corresponding range of values are identified. Derived dynamic and kinematic equations of n-link snake robot are used to perform simulation. Experimental design methodology is used for design characterization. Data are collected as per full factorial design. For both energy consumption and distance traveled, logarithmic, linear, and curvilinear regression models are generated and the best models are selected. Using analysis of variance, ANOVA, effects of parameters on performance of robots are determined. Next, using SA, optimum parameter levels of robots with different number of links to minimize energy consumption and maximize distance traveled are determined. Both single and multi-criteria objectives are considered. Webots and Matlab SimMechanics software are used to validate theoretical results. For the mathematical model and the selected range of values considered, results indicate that the proposed approach is quite effective and efficient in optimization of robot performance. This research extends the present knowledge in this field by identifying additional parameters having significant effect on snake robot performance.
A force observation method for tracking control of flexible-link manipulators
Authors: Atashzar S. Farokh , Shahbazi M. , Talebi H. A. , Towhidkhah F. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, a composite controller is proposed for single-link flexible manipulators exposed to external tip force disturbances. In the proposed scheme, the extended Kalman filter is utilized to observe the environmental forces and the Lyapunov redesign robust controller is applied to control the destabilizing effect of the observation errors in noisy situations. The observed force can be utilized in different applications (such as tele-surgical robotics) in order to eliminate the necessity of additional force sensors. This fact is important for structural miniaturization and cost reduction. The main contributions of this paper are (1) proposing a disturbance observation technique for in-contact flexible link manipulators (note that the challenge of Jacobian singularity is studied as a possible diverging factor of the observation) and (2) proposing the composite robust controller to eliminate the destabilizing effect of estimation errors. The advantages of the proposed control scheme over the conventional techniques are analyzed. Simulation results are given for a single-link flexible manipulator to illustrate the effectiveness of the composite control technique and experimental results are given to validate the performance of the observation method.
Synthesis, structural and electrical characterizations of Er0.33Sr1.67Ni0.8Cu0.2O4−δ
Authors: Hamdi Salwa , Ouni Samia , Chaker Hanen , Ben Hassen Rached 
Published: November 2012

A new compound Er0.33Sr1.67Ni0.8Cu0.2O4−δ (ErSr5Ni2.4Cu0.6O11) was prepared using the conventional solid state method and annealed at 1423 K in 1 atm of oxygen gas flow. The oxygen non-stoichiometry (δ = 0.47) was determined by iodometric titration. Rietveld refinement using powder X-ray diffraction data confirms that the sample adopts the K2NiF4-type structure (space group I4/mmm (Z = 2), a = 3.760 56(4) and c = 12.3889(1) Ǻ). The final reliability factors were: Rwp = 10.75%, χ2 = 2.51, Rp = 14.80%, RB = 4.77% and RF = 2.73%. Four probe electrical resistivity measurements were performed vs. temperature in the range of 320–540 K. A semiconducting behaviour over the whole range of temperature, with a maximum conductivity of 0.026 S cm−1 is observed at 439 K.
X-ray powder diffraction data for a PicoPtBr2, cis-amminedibromo(2-methylpyridine)platinum complex [Pt(NH3)(2-pic)Br2]
Authors: Maixner J. , Pažout R. , Hrdá M. , Kačer P. 
Published: November 2012

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for a novel platinum-based anticancer complex, Pt(C6H10N2)Br2, are presented [a = 10.049 (1) Å, b = 9.240 (2) Å, c = 11.497 (2) Å, β = 101.945 (3)°, unit-cell volume V = 1044.41 Å3, Z = 4, and space group P21/c]. All the measured lines were indexed and are consistent with the P21/c space group. No detectable impurities were observed.
A novel powder diagrams indexing, using classical geometry
Authors: Ettorche M.L. , Sebais M. , Hammoudi Z. 
Published: November 2012

Based only on a geometrical approach, we present a technique to index powder diffraction diagrams. This would allow us to find the cell parameters from the experimental data. It is well known that methods proposed in the literature make a direct use of the experimental data to build the cell, whereas our approach exploits them to calculate theoretical values, which could be multiples of two of the three vectors' lengths of the unit cell,and then uses them along with the experimental values. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, several examples, requiring only minor limitations in linear dimensions (<35 Å) and volume (<4500 Å3), are treated. For all considered cases, except the triclinic symmetry that is time consuming, the corresponding FORTRAN routine is executed in a reasonable time (<3 min with a 3 GHz processor).
A review of the use of complex systems applied to risk appetite and emerging risks in ERM practice
Authors: Allan Neil , Cantle Neil , Godfrey Patrick , Yin Yun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Management Board of the UK Actuarial Profession has identified enterprise risk management (ERM) as an area of growth, particularly within the financial sector. It is an area which offers opportunities for actuaries, working with other disciplines, to move out of their traditional sectors of employment, with the skill set required fitting well with an actuary's training and practical focus.Members of the Profession also highlighted ERM as one of the two main areas where they wanted the Profession to focus their research efforts in the membership survey in 2009. Consequentially the Management Board allocated funds to support research projects in ERM in 2010–2011 and has worked with the ERM Practice Area Committee to identify the topics that they feel most suited to external research where the outputs will have a broad strategic value to the financial services sector.
Meeting recommended dietary intakes in meal plans with ≥4 servings of grain-based foods daily
Authors: Probst Yasmine , Tapsell Linda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo develop meal plans using grain-based foods demonstrating how to incorporate wholegrain foods into a balanced diet for weight maintenance for different cuisines. The present study examines the ability of meal plans with ≥4 grain-based servings daily to meet nutrient recommendations using lacto-ovo vegetarian and rice-based cuisines.DesignEighteen plans from each cuisine for three age brackets for both genders were developed. Plans aimed for ≥4 servings of grain-based foods daily, with separate plans for all wholegrain, all refined-grain and half wholegrain–half refined-grain foods. Meal plans followed an isoenergetic approach and were designed to meet specific Australian nutrient reference values and serving sizes.ResultsAll plans met the Recommended Dietary Intake or Adequate Intake for targeted nutrients except for Fe in the rice-based meal plan for females aged ≥19 years (17 mg). In the plans for 14–18 year and ≥19 year age groups, four servings of grain-based foods could be accommodated. In the plans for 9–13 years, increasing the number of grain-based food servings to four reduced micronutrients levels delivered by the total diet. Specific food choices were made to ensure nutrient targets were met across each category for wholegrain and refined-grain plans. The major difference in nutrients between wholegrain and refined-grain foods was found in the vegetarian cuisine, where the meal plans containing whole grains produced on average 30 % higher fibre (38–53 g) levels than those with refined grains (27–40 g).ConclusionsWith careful food selection, meal plans with ≥4 servings of grain-based foods daily can meet nutrient reference values for lacto-ovo vegetarian and rice-based cuisines.
A proposed method to determine fumonisin exposure from maize consumption in a rural South African population using a culturally appropriate FFQ
Authors: Lombard Martani , Steyn Nelia , Burger Hester-Mari , Charlton Karen , Gelderblom Wentzel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo develop an FFQ for estimating culture-specific maize intake that can distinguish between home-grown and commercial maize. Home-grown maize is more likely to be contaminated with fumonisins, mycotoxins that are associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer.DesignAn existing FFQ developed for use in urban Xhosa populations was used as the initial framework for the maize-specific FFQ (M-FFQ). The existing questionnaire contained 126 food items divided into ten food groups (bread, cereals, vegetables, fruit, meat, dairy, snacks, condiments, beverages and fat). The M-FFQ was developed based on additional data obtained from a literature search, 24 h recalls (n159), in-depth interviews (n4), focus group discussions (n56) and expert consultation. Food items available in local shops (n3) were compared with information obtained from focus group discussions.SettingFive villages in two rural isiXhosa-speaking areas of the Eastern Cape Province, known to have a high incidence of oesophageal cancer, were randomly selected.SubjectsWomen aged 18–55 years were recruited by snowball sampling and invited to participate.ResultsThe final M-FFQ comprised twenty-one maize-based food items, including traditional Xhosa dishes and beverages. The questionnaire focused on maize-specific dishes and distinguished between home-grown maize and commercial maize consumption.ConclusionsA culturally specific dietary assessment method was designed to determine maize consumption and therefore fumonisin exposure. The questionnaire will be tested against 24 h recalls and other methods to determine its validity, after which it will be used in various epidemiological studies to determine fumonisin exposure.
“The Hora Staccato in Swing!”: Jascha Heifetz's Musical Eclecticism and the Adaptation of Violin Miniatures
Authors: WALDEN JOSHUA S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractJascha Heifetz (1901–87) promoted a modern brand of musical eclecticism, recording, performing, and editing adaptations of folk and popular songs while remaining dedicated to the standard violin repertoire and the compositions of his contemporaries. This essay examines the complex influences of his displacement from Eastern Europe and assimilation to the culture of the United States on both the hybridity of his repertoire and the critical reception he received in his new home. It takes as its case study Heifetz's composition of the virtuosic showpiece “Hora Staccato,” based on a Romany violin performance he heard in Bucharest, and his later adaptation of the music into an American swing hit he titled “Hora Swing-cato.” Finally, the essay turns to the field of popular song to consider how two of the works Heifetz performed most frequently were adapted for New York Yiddish radio as Tin Pan Alley–style songs whose lyrics narrate the early twentieth-century immigrant experience. The performance and arrangement history of many of Heifetz's miniatures reveals the multivalent ways in which works in his repertoire, and for some listeners Heifetz himself, were reinterpreted, adapted, and assimilated into American culture.
Morton Feldman's Graphic Notation:Projectionsand Trajectories
Authors: BOUTWELL BRETT 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the winter of 1950–51 Morton Feldman composed a series of pieces titledProjectionsin a new notation of his own invention. The first-known graphically scored works of the postwar era, theProjectionswere immediately championed by Feldman's friend John Cage in the language of his budding philosophy of non-intention, a framework of thought largely alien to Feldman. In later years, Feldman instead explained theProjectionsthrough the discourse of abstract-expressionist painting, substituting its model of willful creative action for Cage's Zen-inspired doctrine of aesthetic indifference. Yet the story behind his graphic notation is more tangled still, for its sources included both Edgard Varèse and Stefan Wolpe, composers whose spatialized vision of sound influenced Feldman's new conception of the creative act. An examination of the origin and reception of theProjectionsoffers insight into the forces that catalyzed experimental notation in postwar New York and the rationales that were ultimately ascribed to it.
Evaluation of permeability and non‐Darcy flow in vuggy macroporous limestone aquifer samples with lattice Boltzmann methods
Authors: Sukop Michael C. , Huang Haibo , Alvarez Pedro F. , Variano Evan A. , Cunningham Kevin J. 
Published: November 2012

Key PointsWithCTdata, Lattice Boltzmann methods can measure extreme permeabilitesLattice Boltzmann methods are capable of simulating non‐Darcy flowsIn some aquifers, non‐Darcy flows can occur at low gradients
Contribution of ocean current to the increase in N abundance in the Northwestern Pacific marginal seas
Authors: Kim Seung‐Kyu , Chang Kyung‐Il , Kim Bongguk , Cho Yang‐Ki 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the northwestern Pacific marginal seas, there has been a rapid temporal increase and spatial variability in the relative abundance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen over dissolved inorganic phosphate. The cause and mechanisms of this temporal and spatial variation is under debate. Recently, atmospheric deposition of nitrogen has been shown to be the major cause of the spatio‐temporal variation in the concentration ratio of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate. We show that the transport by ocean currents is a more crucial factor causing the spatio‐temporal variation in the ratio of dissolved nitrogen and phosphate in the study area.
Pc1–2 auroral pulsations
Authors: Roldugin V. C. , Roldugin A. V. , Pilgaev S. V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBy observations at Lovozero station (64.3 N, 114.3 E CGM coordinates), we have investigated two events of auroral pulsations of Pc1–2 type with periods in the range 2.5–7 s accompanied by similar geomagnetic pulsations. Luminous variations in different parts of the sky were found by photometric measurements of the frames of all‐sky camera, which was operated at the rate of one frame per second. The pulsations under study are associated with the diffuse aurora. For the event with 7 s period, a phase relationship between auroral and magnetic pulsations is as follows: the luminosity bursts are coincident with positive half periods in the Z component and negative ones in the D component, while positive peaks in the H component lag behind the luminous peaks by about π/2. For the event with 2.5 s period, this relationship appears different. Within one of 10‐min intervals, Pc2 pulsations observed in both magnetic field and aurora were superposed by regular Pc4 pulsations of 1‐min period. For these, the luminosity bursts corresponded to negative half periods in the Z component. A connection between auroral and magnetic pulsations is discussed.