bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of a healthcare management system with the use of multimodal interaction and 3D simulation
Authors: AlFalah Salsabeel F.M. , Harrison David K. , Charissis Vassilis , Evans Dorothy 
Published: January 2013

PurposeCurrent healthcare applications produce a complex and inaccessible set of data that often needs to be investigated simultaneously. As such the conflicting software applications and mental effort being demanded from the user result in time‐consuming analysis and diagnosis. The purpose of this paper is to provide a prototype, interactive system for management of multiple data sets, currently used for gait analysis capturing, reconstruction and diagnosis. In summary, this work is concerned with the development of interactive information‐visualisation software that assists medical practitioners in simplifying and enhancing the retrieval, visualisation and analysis of medical data with the intention of improving the overall system leading to an improved service for the user and patient experience.Design/methodology/approachThe design of the proposed system aims to combine all the related existing software currently used for gait analysis and diagnosis under one, user‐friendly package. The latter will have the capacity to offer also real‐time, three dimensional (3D) representations of all the derived data (CT, MRI, motion capture) in an interactive virtual reality (VR) environment.FindingsIt is intended that the proposed prototype solutions will enhance interactive systems for management of multiple data sets, currently used for gait analysis capturing, reconstruction and diagnosis. The derived data encapsulate a plethora of multimedia information aiming to enhance medical visualisation.Originality/valueThe proposed system offers simulation capacity and a VR visualisation experience, which enhances the gait analysis diagnostic process. The 3D data can be manipulated in real‐time through a novel human‐computer interface which uses multimodal interaction through the use of graphical user interfaces and gesture recognition. The system aims towards a cost‐effective, clearly presented and timely accessible system that follows a threefold approach; It entails managing the extensive amount of the daily produced medical data, combining the scattered information related to one patient in one interface with a filtering criteria to the required information, and visualising in 3D the data from different sources, in order to improve 3D mental mapping, increase productivity and consequently ameliorate quality of service and management.
What's special about the extensive and intensive margins in Chinese manufacturing exports?
Authors: Zhou Yan , Tong Jiadong , Sun Puyang 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of gravity variables and trade costs on China's export margins.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the structural gravity model with firm heterogeneity, the paper measures the extensive margins and intensive margins of China's export across 46 export destinations and estimates the linkage between export margins and its potential determinants.FindingsThe empirical results confirm the gravity relationship hold for bilateral trade and export margins. Furthermore, trade costs have different influence on extensive margins and intensive margins as the structural gravity model with firm heterogeneity expected. The paper also shows the rapid growth of China's export is mainly along the intensive margins which are increasing in fixed cost for export.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the measurements of China's export margins and the empirical research on effects of trade liberalization on China's foreign trade.
Exploring vocation following brain injury: a qualitative enquiry
Authors: Conneeley Anne Louise 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the transition to community life, in relation to vocational goals and aspirations, for 18 people with traumatic brain injury following the discharge from a neurological rehabilitation hospital.Design/methodology/approachThe study was a longitudinal qualitative study, framed within interpretivism. A phenomenological approach was employed. Participants, their significant other, and members of the rehabilitation team involved in their care were interviewed at the time of discharge from the ward, after six months and one year following discharge from the ward.FindingsThemes which emerged from the data gave insights into the meaning and value of vocational occupations, impact of rehabilitation, insight and awareness, environmental influences, alteration to the life‐course and moving forward to a new life. Throughout, issues of identity and reconstruction were identified.Practical implicationsUse of alternative paradigms to the traditional medical viewpoint can raise awareness of issues of identity and biographical reconstruction which are less widely reported in rehabilitation literature.Originality/valueGoals could be re‐framed and include moving forward to a life with meaning and purpose. For many, this could involve work and vocational occupations but for others it may not. The need to address concerns which are priorities of those in receipt of care is highlighted in order to support interventions and the reconstruction of identity and a life with value.
Teens' blog accounts of the role of adults in youth alcohol consumption
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Pescud Melanie , Jarvis Wade , Webb Dave 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the role of parents and other adults in preventing and facilitating teen binge drinking.Design/methodology/approachTeens' discussions on internet websites were accessed to examine their opinions of their alcohol‐related interactions with adults.FindingsThe results show that in the context of a western society such as Australia, the role of adults in endorsing a culture of excessive alcohol consumption may be considerable.Practical implicationsSocial marketing campaigns are needed to sensitise adults to this situation and outline strategies that can be used by adults to reduce negative impacts and enhance their potential to reduce alcohol consumption among young people.Originality/valuePrevious research into teenagers' alcohol consumption behaviours has focused on self‐reports obtained via surveys or focus groups. Such data collection processes are likely to be subject to considerable social desirability bias. The present study demonstrates that the internet can constitute a valuable alternative source of data relating to young people's engagement in unhealthy behaviours and the factors impacting their decisions to enact these behaviours.
Ecological and phytohormonal aspects of plant volatile emission in response to single and dual infestations with herbivores and phytopathogens
Authors: Ponzio Camille , Gols Rieta , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn their natural environment, plants are faced with a multitude of attackers, of which insect herbivores and plant pathogens are an important component. In response to these attacks, plants release volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which play an important role in the communication between plants and the associated community members, such as other herbivores, phytopathogens and the natural enemies of herbivores.While numerous studies have focused on either plant–pathogen or plant–insect interactions, less is known when these two sets of interactions co‐occur. Depending on the mode of attack of the pathogen (necrotroph vs. biotroph) or herbivore (chewing vs. piercing‐sucking) they will activate different defence pathways in the plant in which the phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) play key roles. As these pathways can crosstalk, a pathogen infection can interfere in a plant's defence response to herbivory, and vice versa.Infestation of a plant with organisms inducingSAsignalling prior to – or simultaneously with – attack by organisms that induce theJApathway often suppressesJAsignalling. However, the impact of this signalling pathway crosstalk onVOCinduction is not clear cut, as there is high variability in the effects on volatile emissions, ranging from suppression to enhanced emission. The effects of the modified volatile blends on the foraging success of carnivorous natural enemies of herbivorous insects have started to be investigated. Foraging success of natural enemies generally withstands this modification of the host‐inducedVOCblend, but the presence or absence of key compounds is an important determinant of the response of certain carnivores.Further studies incorporating plant–insect and plant–pathogen interactions at different levels of biological integration will provide valuable insight in how plants integrate signals from different suites of attacking organisms into an adaptive defence response.
Predators, alternative prey and climate influence annual breeding success of a long‐lived sea duck
Authors: Iles David T. , Rockwell Robert F. , Matulonis Paul , Robertson Gregory J. , Abraham Kenneth F. , Davies J. Chris , Koons David. N. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryPerturbations to ecosystems have the potential to directly and indirectly affect species interactions, with subsequent impacts on population dynamics and the vital rates that regulate them.The few long‐term studies of common eider breeding ecology indicate that reproductive success is low in most years, interrupted by occasional boom years. However, no study has explicitly examined the drivers of long‐term variation in reproductive success.Here, we use encounter history data collected across 41 years to examine the effects of arctic foxes (a terrestrial nest predator), local abundance and spatial distribution of lesser snow geese (an alternative prey source), and spring climate on common eider nest success.Eider nest success declined over the course of the study, but was also highly variable across years. Our results supported the hypothesis that the long‐term decline in eider nest success was caused by apparent competition with lesser snow geese, mediated by shared predators. This effect persisted even following a large‐scale exodus of nesting geese from the eider colony. Nest success was also lowest in years of low arctic fox index, presumably driven by prey switching in years of low small mammal availability. However, increased snow goose abundance appeared to buffer this effect through prey swamping. The effect of spring climate depended on the stage of the breeding season; cold and wet and warm and dry conditions in early spring were correlated with decreased nest success, whereas warm and wet conditions in late spring increased eider nest success.These results underscore the significance of both trophic interactions and climate in regulating highly variable vital rates, which likely have important consequences for population dynamics and the conservation of long‐lived iteroparous species.
Relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese men
Authors: Dou Jianxin , Ma Xiaojing , Fang Qichen , Hao Yaping , Yang Rong , Wang Feifei , Zhu Jiaan , Bao Yuqian , Jia Weiping 
Published: January 2013

Summary
The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese men.
In all, 1558 men (21–78 years old) were recruited to the study. Serum osteocalcin, glucose and lipid profiles were determined. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. All participants underwent hepatic ultrasonographic examination.
Serum osteocalcin levels were significantly lower in subjects with NAFLD than those without (P < 0.01). All study subjects were divided into four subgroups according to quartiles of serum osteocalcin levels. The frequency of NAFLD increased progressively with declining serum osteocalcin levels (Ptrend < 0.01). Serum osteocalcin levels were inversely correlated with NAFLD (P < 0.01). However, the significant association between serum osteocalcin levels and NAFLD disappeared in logistic regression analyses. Furthermore, multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that serum osteocalcin levels were independently associated with serum alanine aminotransferase levels in Chinese men (P < 0.01).
The findings of the present study suggest that serum osteocalcin levels are not directly correlated with NAFLD.
Trends in the prevalence, risk and pregnancy outcome of multiple births with congenital anomaly: a registry‐based study in 14 European countries 1984–2007
Authors: Boyle B , McConkey R , Garne E , Loane M , Addor MC , Bakker MK , Boyd PA , Gatt M , Greenlees R , Haeusler M , Klungsøyr K , Latos‐Bielenska A , Lelong N , McDonnell R , Métneki J , Mullaney C , Nelen V , O'Mahony M , Pierini A , Rankin J , Rissmann A , Tucker D , Wellesley D , Dolk H 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the public health consequences of the rise in multiple births with respect to congenital anomalies.DesignDescriptive epidemiological analysis of data from population‐based congenital anomaly registries.SettingFourteen European countries.PopulationA total of 5.4 million births 1984–2007, of which 3% were multiple births.MethodsCases of congenital anomaly included live births, fetal deaths from 20 weeks of gestation and terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly.Main outcome measuresPrevalence rates per 10 000 births and relative risk of congenital anomaly in multiple versus singleton births (1984–2007); proportion prenatally diagnosed, proportion by pregnancy outcome (2000–07). Proportion of pairs where both co‐twins were cases.ResultsPrevalence of congenital anomalies from multiple births increased from 5.9 (1984–87) to 10.7 per 10 000 births (2004–07). Relative risk of nonchromosomal anomaly in multiple births was 1.35 (95% CI 1.31–1.39), increasing over time, and of chromosomal anomalies was 0.72 (95% CI 0.65–0.80), decreasing over time. In 11.4% of affected twin pairs both babies had congenital anomalies (2000–07). The prenatal diagnosis rate was similar for multiple and singleton pregnancies. Cases from multiple pregnancies were less likely to be terminations of pregnancy for fetal anomaly, odds ratio 0.41 (95% CI 0.35–0.48) and more likely to be stillbirths and neonatal deaths.ConclusionsThe increase in babies who are both from a multiple pregnancy and affected by a congenital anomaly has implications for prenatal and postnatal service provision. The contribution of assisted reproductive technologies to the increase in risk needs further research. The deficit of chromosomal anomalies among multiple births has relevance for prenatal risk counselling.
Beyond the mean: sensitivities of the variance of population growth
Authors: Trotter Meredith V. , Krishna‐Kumar Siddharth , Tuljapurkar Shripad 
Published: January 2013

Summary

Populations in variable environments are described by both a mean growth rate and a variance of stochastic population growth. Increasing variance will increase the width of confidence bounds around estimates of population size, growth, probability of and time to quasi‐extinction. However, traditional sensitivity analyses of stochastic matrix models only consider the sensitivity of the mean growth rate.

We derive an exact method for calculating the sensitivity of the variance in population growth to changes in demographic parameters. Sensitivities of the variance also allow a new sensitivity calculation for the cumulative probability of quasi‐extinction. We apply this new analysis tool to an empirical dataset on at‐risk polar bears to demonstrate its utility in conservation biology.

We find that in many cases a change in life history parameters will increase both the mean and variance of population growth of polar bears. This counterintuitive behaviour of the variance complicates predictions about overall population impacts of management interventions. Sensitivity calculations for cumulative extinction risk factor in changes to both mean and variance, providing a highly useful quantitative tool for conservation management.

The mean stochastic growth rate and its sensitivities do not fully describe the dynamics of population growth. The use of variance sensitivities gives a more complete understanding of population dynamics and facilitates the calculation of new sensitivities for extinction processes.
Using genetic information from candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies in risk prediction for alcohol dependence
Authors: Yan Jia , Aliev Fazil , Webb Bradley T. , Kendler Kenneth S. , Williamson Vernell S. , Edenberg Howard J. , Agrawal Arpana , Kos Mark Z. , Almasy Laura , Nurnberger John I. , Schuckit Marc A. , Kramer John R. , Rice John P. , Kuperman Samuel , Goate Alison M. , Tischfield Jay A. , Porjesz Bernice , Dick Danielle M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFamily‐based and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported numerous associated variants. The clinical validity of these variants for predicting AD compared with family history information has not been reported. Using the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) and the Study of Addiction: Genes and Environment (SAGE) GWAS samples, we examined the aggregate impact of multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on risk prediction. We created genetic sum scores by adding risk alleles associated in discovery samples, and then tested the scores for their ability to discriminate between cases and controls in validation samples. Genetic sum scores were assessed separately for SNPs associated with AD in candidate gene studies and SNPs from GWAS analyses that met varying P‐value thresholds. Candidate gene sum scores did not exhibit significant predictive accuracy. Family history was a better classifier of case‐control status, with a significant area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.686 in COGA and 0.614 in SAGE. SNPs that met less stringent P‐value thresholds of 0.01–0.50 in GWAS analyses yielded significant AUC estimates, ranging from mean estimates of 0.549 for SNPs with P < 0.01 to 0.565 for SNPs with P < 0.50. This study suggests that SNPs currently have limited clinical utility, but there is potential for enhanced predictive ability with better understanding of the large number of variants that might contribute to risk.
Clinical evaluation of different adhesives used in the restoration of non‐carious cervical lesions: 24‐month results
Authors: Tuncer D , Yazici AR , Özgünaltay G , Dayangac B 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare after 24 months the clinical performance of cervical restorations placed with the use of an etch‐and‐rinse and an all‐in‐one adhesive.MethodsTwenty‐four patients with at least one pair of non‐carious cervical lesions participated in this study. One hundred and twenty‐three cervical lesions were restored (62 etch‐and‐rinse adhesive, Solobond M; 61 all‐in‐one adhesive, Futurabond NR). A nanohybrid resin composite, Grandio, was used as the restorative material. Restorations were evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria by two independent examiners. The survival rates of the restorations were calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier estimator and log‐rank test. The restorations in each category were compared using the Pearson chi‐square test, while the performance of restorations at the baseline and at each recall time was evaluated by McNemar's test (p < 0.05).ResultsThe recall rate of patients was 100%. The retention rates were 82% and 75% at 6 months and 77% and 62% at 12 months for Solobond M and Futurabond NR, respectively. At the 24‐month recall, the retention rate was 69% for Solobond M and 49% for Futurabond NR, and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found for colour match, marginal staining, or marginal adaptation between the adhesives (p > 0.05). None of the restorations had secondary caries, loss of anatomical form, or surface texture changes.ConclusionsCervical restorations placed with an etch‐and‐rinse adhesive showed higher retention than an all‐in‐one adhesive.
Developing consensus on hospital prescribing indicators of potential harms amenable to decision support
Authors: Thomas Sarah K. , McDowell Sarah E. , Hodson James , Nwulu Ugochi , Howard Rachel L. , Avery Anthony J. , Slee Ann , Coleman Jamie J. 
Published: January 2013

AimsTo develop a list of prescribing indicators specific for the hospital setting that would facilitate the prospective collection of high‐severity and/or high‐frequency prescribing errors, which are also amenable to electronic clinical decision support.MethodsA two‐stage consensus technique (electronic Delphi) was carried out with 20 experts across England. Participants were asked to score prescribing errors using a five‐point Likert scale for their likelihood of occurrence and the severity of the most likely outcome. These were combined to produce risk scores, from which median scores were calculated for each indicator across the participants in the study. The degree of consensus between the participants was defined as the proportion that gave a risk score in the same category as the median. Indicators were included if a consensus of 80% or more was achieved.ResultsA total of 80 prescribing errors were identified by consensus as being high or extreme risk. The most common drug classes named within the indicators were antibiotics (n = 13), antidepressants (n = 8), nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (n = 6) and opioid analgesics (n = 6). The most frequent error type identified as high or extreme risk were those classified as clinical contraindications (n = 29 of 80).ConclusionsEighty high‐risk prescribing errors in the hospital setting have been identified by an expert panel. These indicators can serve as a standardized, validated tool for the collection of prescribing data in both paper‐based and electronic prescribing processes. This can assess the impact of safety improvement initiatives, such as the implementation of electronic clinical decision support.