bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide in psychiatric inpatients in Ireland
Authors: Corcoran Eleanor , Walsh Dermot 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectives:To establish suicide rates of psychiatric inpatients in Ireland and the characteristics, demographic, social and medical, of the patients involved.Method:Clinical, post mortem and inquest data on all such deaths from 1983-1992 were examined. Suicide rates were calculated using ‘person year method’.Results:The suicide rate for short stay inpatients (stay less than one year) was 319/100,000, and 118/100,000 for long stay patients. The average duration of illness at time of suicide was 10 years. A fourfold increase in suicide rate of inpatients over the century was associated with a similar increase in the suicide rate in the general population. Thirty five per cent of suicides were aged 25-34 years. The risk of suicide was higher the shorter the time interval after admission. Three quarters of suicide deaths in registered inpatients occurred away from hospital grounds.Conclusions:Social factors which contribute to an increase in the suicide rate in the general population are relevant to the increase in hospital inpatient suicides. More effective and comprehensive services to meet the needs of those with severe mental illness, particularly young adults, are essential. The results emphasise the importance of managing inpatients in a safe, secure environment. The person year method is appropriate for monitoring changes in suicide rates.
The Kansas University rewrite engine
Authors: SCULTHORPE NEIL , FRISBY NICOLAS , GILL ANDY 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWhen writing transformation systems, a significant amount of engineering effort goes into setting up the infrastructure needed to direct individual transformations to specific targets in the data being transformed.Strategic programming languagesprovide general-purpose infrastructure for this task, which the author of a transformation system can use for any algebraic data structure. The Kansas University Rewrite Engine (KURE) is a typed strategic programming language, implemented as a Haskell-embedded domain-specific language. KURE is designed to supporttypedtransformations overtypeddata, and the main challenge is how to make such transformations compatible with generic traversal strategies that should operate overanytype. Strategic programming in a typed setting has much in common withdatatype-generic programming. Compared to other approaches to datatype-generic programming, the distinguishing feature of KURE's solution is that the user can configure the behaviour of traversals based on thelocationof each datum in the tree, beyond their behaviour being determined by thetypeof each datum. This article describes KURE's approach to assigning types to generic traversals, and the implementation of that approach. We also compare KURE, its design choices, and their consequences, with other approaches to strategic and datatype-generic programming.
Seventeen years of progress for supportive care services: A resurvey of National Cancer Institute–designated comprehensive cancer centers
Authors: Hammer Sheila L. , Clark Karen , Grant Marcia , Loscalzo Matthew J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:We replicated a 1994 study that surveyed the state of supportive care services due to changes in the field and the increased need for such services. We provide an updated assessment, comparing the changes that have occurred and describing the current status of supportive care services in comprehensive cancer settings.Method:We used Coluzzi and colleague's 60-question survey from their 1995 Journal of Clinical Oncology article to frame the 98-question survey employed in the current study. Medical and palliative care directors for the 2011 National Cancer Institute (NCI) comprehensive cancer centers were surveyed regarding their supportive care services and their subjective review of the overall effectiveness of the services provided.Results:We achieved a 76% response rate (n = 31). The data revealed increases in the number of cancer beds in the hospitals, the degree of integration of supportive care services, the availability of complementary services, and the number of pain and palliative care services offered. There was also an overall shift toward centers becoming more patient centered, as 65% reported now having a patient and family advisory council. Our findings revealed a growing trend to offer distress screening for both outpatients and inpatients. Medical and palliative care directors' evaluations of the supportive care services they offered also significantly improved. However, the results revealed an ongoing gap in services for end-of-life care and timely referrals for hospice services.Significance of results:Overall, both the quantity and quality of supportive care services in the surveyed NCI-designated cancer centers has improved.
A comparison of the revised Delirium Rating Scale (DRS–R98) and the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) in a palliative care cohort with DSM–IV delirium
Authors: O'Sullivan Roisin , Meagher David , Leonard Maeve , Watne Leiv Otto , Hall Roanna J , Maclullich Alasdair M.J. , Trzepacz Paula , Adamis Dimitrios 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:Assessment of delirium is performed with a variety of instruments, making comparisons between studies difficult. A conversion rule between commonly used instruments would aid such comparisons. The present study aimed to compare the revised Delirium Rating Scale (DRS–R98) and Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) in a palliative care population and derive conversion rules between the two scales.Method:Both instruments were employed to assess 77 consecutive patients with DSM–IV delirium, and the measures were repeated at three-day intervals. Conversion rules were derived from the data at initial assessment and tested on subsequent data.Results:There was substantial overall agreement between the two scales [concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.70 (CI95 = 0.60–0.78)] and between most common items (weighted κ ranging from 0.63 to 0.86). Although the two scales overlap considerably, there were some subtle differences with only modest agreement between the attention (weighted κ = 0.42) and thought process (weighted κ = 0.61) items. The conversion rule from total MDAS score to DRS–R98 severity scores demonstrated an almost perfect level of agreement (r = 0.86, CCC = 0.86; CI95 = 0.79–0.91), similar to the conversion rule from DRS–R98 to MDAS.Significance of results:Overall, the derived conversion rules demonstrated promising accuracy in this palliative care population, but further testing in other populations is certainly needed.
The changing face of personhood at the end of life: The ring theory of personhood
Authors: Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha , Kwek Suat Yee 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:The manner in which personhood or “what makes you who you are” is conceived is key to the provision of patient-centered care and maintenance of the dignity and quality of life of terminally ill patients. However, there is little agreement on how this pivotal concept ought to be defined. Some have argued in favor of an innate concept of personhood, while others see an individual as a reflection of their familial identity or their conscious function, and all share a common position that personhood is unchanging, and hinges upon the central theme of their respective concepts. The present paper aims to explore a more clinically influenced perspective of personhood.Method:We report the case of a 42-year-old Malay Singaporean who had been a caregiver for her husband throughout his cancer and then became a cancer patient herself after his passing. This case explores her changing and multifaceted conceptions of personhood throughout her life and illness, and discussions about end-of-life care.Results:The patient reports a concept of personhood that encompasses the innate, individual, relational, and societal aspects, which are interlinked and vary in terms of depth and conviction according to the various times in her life and illness.Significance of results:Our findings support the ring theory of personhood, which provides a clinically supported model of the conception of personhood that is context dependent and encompasses the four abovementioned aspects.
Exploring the relationship between spiritual well-being and quality of life among patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer
Authors: Bai Mei , Lazenby Mark , Jeon Sangchoon , Dixon Jane , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjective:In our context, existential plight refers to heightened concerns about life and death when people are diagnosed with cancer. Although the duration of existential plight has been proposed to be approximately 100 days, evidence from longitudinal studies raises questions about whether the impact of a diagnosis of advanced cancer may require a longer period of adjustment. The purpose of our study was to examine spiritual well-being (SpWB) and quality of life (QoL) as well as their interrelationship in 52 patients with advanced cancer after 100 days since the diagnosis at one and three months post-baseline.Method:The study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cluster randomized clinical trial involving patients with stage 3 or 4 cancer undergoing treatment. SpWB was measured using the 12-item Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT–Sp–12); common factor analyses revealed a three-factor pattern on the FACIT–Sp–12. Quality of life was measured with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT–G). We limited our sample to participants assigned to the control condition (n = 52).Results:SpWB and QoL remained stable between one and three months post-baseline, which were a median of 112 and 183 days after diagnosis, respectively. SpWB was found to be associated with QoL more strongly than physical and emotional well-being. Peace and Meaning each contributed unique variance to QoL, and their relative importance shifted over time. Faith was positively related to QoL initially. This association became insignificant at three months post-baseline.Significance of results:This study underscores the significance of SpWB for people newly diagnosed with advanced cancer, and it highlights the dynamic pattern of Peace, Meaning, and Faith in association with QoL. Our results confirm that patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer experience an existential crisis, improve and stabilize over time. Future studies with larger samples over a longer period of time are needed to verify these results.
EXOSC8 mutations alter mRNA metabolism and cause hypomyelination with spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar hypoplasia
Authors: Boczonadi Veronika , Müller Juliane S. , Pyle Angela , Munkley Jennifer , Dor Talya , Quartararo Jade , Ferrero Ileana , Karcagi Veronika , Giunta Michele , Polvikoski Tuomo , Birchall Daniel , Princzinger Agota , Cinnamon Yuval , Lützkendorf Susanne , Piko Henriett , Reza Mojgan , Florez Laura , Santibanez-Koref Mauro , Griffin Helen , Schuelke Markus , Elpeleg Orly , Kalaydjieva Luba , Lochmüller Hanns , Elliott David J. , Chinnery Patrick F. , Edvardson Shimon , Horvath Rita 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe exosome is a multi-protein complex, required for the degradation of AU-rich element (ARE) containing messenger RNAs (mRNAs). EXOSC8 is an essential protein of the exosome core, as its depletion causes a severe growth defect in yeast. Here we show that homozygous missense mutations in EXOSC8 cause progressive and lethal neurological disease in 22 infants from three independent pedigrees. Affected individuals have cerebellar and corpus callosum hypoplasia, abnormal myelination of the central nervous system or spinal motor neuron disease. Experimental downregulation of EXOSC8 in human oligodendroglia cells and in zebrafish induce a specific increase in ARE mRNAs encoding myelin proteins, showing that the imbalanced supply of myelin proteins causes the disruption of myelin, and explaining the clinical presentation. These findings show the central role of the exosomal pathway in neurodegenerative disease.
Trends in management and outcomes of COPD patients in primary care, 2000–2009: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: James Gareth D , Donaldson Gavin C , Wedzicha Jadwiga A , Nazareth Irwin 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Background:
Since the introduction of the Quality and Outcomes framework, there has been some evidence of improvement in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in the United Kingdom through increasing rates of smoking cessation advice and immunisations against influenza. However, it is unknown whether disease-specific management criteria, disease outcomes and diagnosis have improved.

Aims:
To describe changes in the management and outcomes of patients with COPD in UK general practice between 2000 and 2009.

Methods:
The study was done on a retrospective cohort using data from The Health Improvement Network UK primary care database. We calculated age at diagnosis of COPD and death, total number of short-term oral corticosteroid courses and consultations, and proportion of patients with very severe COPD and on triple inhaled therapy for each year between 2000 and 2009.

Results:
We identified 92,576 patients with COPD. The mean age at COPD diagnosis decreased from 68.1 years in 2000 to 66.7 years in 2009. The mean age at death increased from 78.2 years in 2000 to 78.8 years in 2009. The number of prescribed courses of oral corticosteroids increased from 0.6 in 2000 to 0.8 in 2009. The number of consultations increased from 9.4 in 2004 to 11.3 in 2009. The risk of having very severe COPD decreased from 9.4% in 2004 to 6.8% in 2009. The likelihood of patients with very severe COPD receiving triple therapy increased from 25% in 2004 to 59% in 2009.

Conclusions:
The trends suggest that management and outcomes observed in patients with COPD may have improved since the year 2000.
A systematic analysis reveals an essential role for high-affinity iron uptake system, haemolysin and CFEM domain-containing protein in iron homoeostasis and virulence in Candida glabrata
Authors: Srivastava Vivek Kumar , Suneetha Korivi Jyothiraj , Kaur Rupinder 
Published: July 2014

Iron is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and human pathogens employ a battery of factors to scavenge iron from the high-affinity iron-binding host proteins. In the present study, we have elucidated, via a candidate gene approach, major iron acquisition and homoeostatic mechanisms operational in an opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata. Phenotypic, biochemical and molecular analysis of a set of 13 C. glabrata strains, deleted for proteins potentially implicated in iron metabolism, revealed that the high-affinity reductive iron uptake system is required for utilization of alternate carbon sources and for growth under both in vitro iron-limiting and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, we show for the first time that the cysteine-rich CFEM (common in fungal extracellular membranes) domain-containing cell wall structural protein, CgCcw14, and a putative haemolysin, CgMam3, are essential for maintenance of intracellular iron content, adherence to epithelial cells and virulence. Consistent with their roles in iron homoeostasis, mitochondrial aconitase activity was lower and higher in mutants disrupted for high-affinity iron transport, and haemolysin respectively. Additionally, we present evidence that the mitochondrial frataxin, CgYfh1, is pivotal to iron metabolism. Besides yielding insights into major in vitro and in vivo iron acquisition strategies, our findings establish high-affinity iron uptake mechanisms as critical virulence determinants in C. glabrata.
Hybrid phase shifted full bridge and LLC half bridge DC–DC converter for low‐voltage and high‐current output applications
Authors: Yu Mengyuan , Sha Deshang , Liao Xiaozhong 
Published: July 2014

A hybrid phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) and LLC half bridge (HB) DC–DC converter for low‐voltage and high‐current output applications is proposed in this study. The PSFB shares its lagging leg with the LLC‐HB and their outputs are parallel connected. When the output current is small, the energy of LLC circuit in combination with the energy stored in the leakage inductance of PSFB's transformer can help the lagging leg switches to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn on, which can reduce voltage stress and avoid annoying voltage spikes over switches. For the power distribution at rated power, the PSFB converter undergoes most of the power whereas the LLC‐HB converter working as an auxiliary part converts only a small portion of the total power. To improve the conversion efficiency, synchronous rectification technique for the PSFB DC–DC converter is implemented. The design principle is given in view of ZVS for lagging leg switches and low transconductance of LLC converter. The validity of the proposed converter has been verified by experimental results of a 2.5 kW prototype.
Current‐sharing bus and fuzzy gain scheduling of proportional–integral controller to control a parallel‐connected AC/DC converter
Authors: Kanthaphayao Yutthana , Chunkag Viboon 
Published: July 2014

In this study, a current‐sharing bus and fuzzy gain scheduling of proportional–integral (PI) controller to control a parallel‐connected AC/DC converter are proposed. A simple current‐sharing circuit is applied to divide the load current to calculate the peak input current of each converter module. Fuzzy gain scheduling of PI controller is used to compensate for the error of the output voltage. The dsPIC30F6010 microcontroller is applied in the voltage loop control. In addition, a hysteresis control circuit is used to control the current loop. The experimental performance evaluation is conducted on a prototype, with three converter modules that are parallel‐connected, has 250 W/module and has a −48 V DC output voltage. The system offers the following advantages: the tight output voltage regulates both the steady‐state operation and the transient response. The current sharing is quite good, and it is simpler to operate in the redundant mode.
Invasive plants have broader physiological niches
Authors: Higgins Steven I. , Richardson David M. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Invasibility (the vulnerability of a receiving environment to invasion) and invasiveness (the capacity of an organism to invade) are fundamental metrics in theoretical ecology. However, attempts to apply these concepts to the question of whether an introduced species will invade have failed. Here, we use a model that characterizes the physiological niche of plants to successfully predict invasive success of 749 species. We find that, although invasive success is dependent on different factors in different ecological contexts, the modeled global potential range of species integrates these contingencies to produce a reliable and interpretable indicator of the likelihood that a species will reproduce and spread.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to decrease transforming growth factor β1-induced hepatic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA expression in HepG2 cells
Authors: Matsui Sho , Yamane Takumi , Kobayashi-Hattori Kazuo , Oishi Yuichi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF) β1-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is one of factors associated with the development of hepatic fibrosis. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) shows hepatoprotective effect during hepatic injuries, including fibrosis. However, the effects of CGRP on PAI-1 expression induced by TGFβ1 are unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of CGRP on TGFβ1-induced PAI-1 expression and its regulatory mechanisms in HepG2 cells. CGRP inhibited TGFβ1-induced PAI-1 expression. H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, abolished the inhibition of TGFβ1-induced PAI-1 expression by CGRP. TGFβ1 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun NH2-terminal kinase, and p38, and this activation was abolished by CGRP. These results show that the CGRP-induced cAMP/PKA activation suppresses activation of MAPK induced by TGFβ1, leading to decreased PAI-1 expression in HepG2 cells.
q-Deformed U(5) Limit in s, d IBM for Nuclei
Authors: XiangZheng Fang , JianYou Guo , XianYin Li , TuNan Ruan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The q-deformed Hamiltonian with U(5) symmetry in s, d interacting boson model can be constructed by using quantum algebra SUq(2), SUq(1,1) and q-deformed boson operator. The energy spectra and E2 transition rates of 110~114Cd isotopes are calculated. The calculated results agree with the experimental data rather well. Analyses on the calculated results show that the q-deformed U(5) limit is deviated from the symmetry in the original model and the degree of deviation is dependent on the deformation parameter.
Screening from the Met, the NT, or the House: what changes with the live relay
Authors: Cochrane Bernadette , Bonner Frances 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTheatre, opera, and dance all call for distinct performance and viewing practices, but when they are relayed into cinemas (live or faux-live) there tends to be some flattening of this distinctiveness. There are also slippages between elements of the relays in terms both of their original form and the adjustments made in the course of recording for relay. The changes made in the movement from performance space to cinema reception are adaptations that are in the first instance technically motivated rather than dramaturgically initiated. Some, such of the use of camera angles unavailable to theatre audiences, or time spent backstage during intervals, contribute to the creation of a different relationship to the play, opera, or dance, while not necessarily always making the relay more like a film. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which the assertions of liveness, of the sameness of the experience, and the difference from filmed or televised productions are sustainable for a range of performance types viewed close to the source of the event and remote from it. It centres on instances from NT Live, but also draw on ones from The Met in HD, NDT in cinema, and the multiple passages of the radio show ‘This American Life’ first to the stage and then on relay to cinemas.