bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depth of Investigation and Depletion in Unconventional Reservoirs With Fast-Marching Methods
Authors: Xie Jiang , Yang Changdong , Gupta Neha , King Michael J. , Datta-Gupta Akhil 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe concept of depth of investigation is fundamental to well-test analysis. Much of the current well-test analysis relies on solutions based on homogeneous or layered reservoirs. Well-test analysis in spatially heterogeneous reservoirs is complicated by the fact that Green's function for heterogeneous reservoirs is difficult to obtain analytically. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for computing the depth of investigation and pressure response in spatially heterogeneous and fractured unconventional reservoirs.In our approach, we first present an asymptotic solution of the diffusion equation in heterogeneous reservoirs. Considering terms of highest frequencies in the solution, we obtain two equations: the Eikonal equation that governs the propagation of a pressure “front” and the transport equation that describes the pressure amplitude as a function of space and time. The Eikonal equation generalizes the depth of investigation for heterogeneous reservoirs and provides a convenient way to calculate drainage volume. From drainage-volume calculations, we estimate a generalized pressure solution on the basis of a geometric approximation of the drainage volume. A major advantage of our approach is that one can solve very efficiently the Eikonal equation with a class of front-tracking methods called the fast-marching methods. Thus, one can obtain transient-pressure response in multimillion-cell geologic models in seconds without resorting to reservoir simulators.We first visualize the depth of investigation and pressure solution for a homogeneous unconventional reservoir with multistage transverse fractures, and identify flow regimes from a pressure-diagnostic plot. And then, we apply the technique to a heterogeneous unconventional reservoir to predict the depth of investigation and pressure behavior. The computation is orders-of-magnitude faster than conventional numerical simulation, and provides a foundation for future work in reservoir characterization and field-development optimization.
Production-Data Analysis of Gas Reservoirs With Apparent-Permeability and Sorbed-Phase Effects: A Density-Based Approach
Authors: Vardcharragosad Pichit , Ayala H. Luis F. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Accounting for depletion-dependent permeability and sorbed-phase effects is an important step toward achieving reliable analysis of production performance in unconventional gas systems. This study demonstrates how to account for pressure-dependent apparent-permeability (e.g., gas-slippage) and desorption effects in gas-production analysis of boundary-dominated data with a density-based approach. In this work, apparent-permeability and desorption models are incorporated into the original density-based approach by modifying the definitions of depletion-driven variables that are the basis of the density-based type of analysis. The proposed modification of the original approach successfully enables associated analysis techniques to be applicable to natural-gas reservoirs with gas slippage and adsorbed gas. Results indicate that by modifying the definitions of the depletion-driven variables, the density approach can effectively and successfully capture the effects from gas slippage and desorption. Through a number of case studies, we show that gas-flow rate can be successfully predicted by rescaling liquid solution with the modified density-based variables. As an illustration, we show that resource calculations able to fully take into account these effects are possible when long-term production data are available. This work details the methodology required to do so, and illustrates its application to production-data prediction analysis for unconventional assets.
Revisiting the Dual-Porosity/Dual-Permeability Modeling of Unconventional Reservoirs: The Induced-Interporosity Flow Field
Authors: Fuentes-Cruz Gorgonio , Valkó Peter P. 
Published: January 2015

Summary
This work presents a new approach to account for variable matrix-block size in the well performance of unconventional shale reservoirs. In contrast to the standard models that consider either a fixed matrix-block size or a stochastic distribution of sizes with no particular dependence on the spatial location, in this model we consider the case when the characteristic length of the blocks depends on the distance from the main hydraulic-fracture plane. In particular, we assume that, as a result of the hydraulic-fracturing treatment, the density of microfractures (natural and induced) is high near the hydraulic-fracture face, but gradually decreases away from it. In other words, the matrix-block size is an increasing function of the distance from the fracture face.
We show that the boost of the contact area between the matrix blocks and the microfractures can be the determinant feature of hydrocarbon production from shale reservoirs, even when the natural and induced microfractures do not have uniform density throughout the whole stimulated reservoir volume. In addition, the elongated linear flow (the consensus characteristic signature in the well performance of shale systems) may be the result of an induced interporosity flow when the matrix-/fracture-permeability ratio is small. The duration of this flow regime increases if the effective size of the matrix-block distribution increases. On the other hand, the linear flow can be the result of the total-system response when the matrix-/fracture-permeability ratio is high; in this case, the beginning of the linear flow is strongly affected by the small matrix blocks near the hydraulic-fracture faces.
The resulting mathematical model in Laplace space has a fundamentally different structure compared with standard dual-porosity models because of the spatial dependence of the parameters characterizing the interporosity flow. In this work, we develop the Airy-spline scheme, a new technique to calculate the pressure solution in an efficient way. Closed-form approximate formulae in the time domain are also provided, revealing that during the induced linear-interporosity-flow period, the production behavior is controlled by the logarithmic mean of the minimum and maximum matrix-block size. A field example from the Barnett shale is presented to illustrate the use of the new model.
A Multi‐Band Semi‐Analytical Algorithm for Estimating Chlorophyll‐a Concentration in the Yellow River Estuary, China
Authors: Chen Jun , Quan Wenting , Cui Tingwei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT: In this study, two sample semi‐analytical algorithms and one new unified multi‐band semi‐analytical algorithm (UMSA) for estimating chlorophyll‐a (Chla) concentration were constructed by specifying optimal wavelengths. The three sample semi‐analytical algorithms, including the three‐band semi‐analytical algorithm (TSA), four‐band semi‐analytical algorithm (FSA), and UMSA algorithm, were calibrated and validated by the dataset collected in the Yellow River Estuary between September 1 and 10, 2009. By comparing of the accuracy of assessment of TSA, FSA, and UMSA algorithms, it was found that the UMSA algorithm had a superior performance in comparison with the two other algorithms, TSA and FSA. Using the UMSA algorithm in retrieving Chla concentration in the Yellow River Estuary decreased by 25.54% NRMSE (normalized root mean square error) when compared with the FSA algorithm, and 29.66% NRMSE in comparison with the TSA algorithm. These are very significant improvements upon previous methods. Additionally, the study revealed that the TSA and FSA algorithms are merely more specific forms of the UMSA algorithm. Owing to the special form of the UMSA algorithm, if the same bands were used for both the TSA and UMSA algorithms or FSA and UMSA algorithms, the UMSA algorithm would theoretically produce superior results in comparison with the TSA and FSA algorithms. Thus, good results may also be produced if the UMSA algorithm were to be applied for predicting Chla concentration for datasets of Gitelson et al. (2008) and Le et al. (2009).
Tyrosine Phosphatase–Related Islet Antigen 2(256–760) Autoantibodies, the Only Marker of Islet Autoimmunity That Increases by Increasing the Degree of BMI in Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Buzzetti Raffaella , Spoletini Marialuisa , Zampetti Simona , Campagna Giuseppe , Marandola Lidia , Panimolle Francesca , Dotta Francesco , Tiberti Claudio ,   for the NIRAD Study Group (NIRAD 8)
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVESince patients with type 2 diabetes and positive for type 1 diabetes–specific antibodies have wide variations in BMI, this study evaluated whether the frequency and pattern of islet autoantibody positivity is related to BMI.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSClinical and biochemical characteristics and islet autoantibodies including GAD and protein tyrosine phosphatases islet antigen-2 (IA-2)IC and IA-2(256–760) were evaluated in 1,850 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Non–Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes study cohort. BMI was evaluated in all patients, who were then subdivided in three groups according to BMI (&lt;25, ≥25 to &lt;30, and ≥30 kg/m2).RESULTSOut of 1,850, 120 (6.5%) patients were positive for at least one of the following antibodies: GAD (4.1%), IA-2(256–760) (3.3%), or IA-2IC (1.1%). GAD and IA-2IC antibodies showed decreasing frequencies with increasing BMI (P &lt; 0.0001 and 0.0006, respectively, for trend); in contrast, the frequency of IA-2(256–760) antibodies increased with increasing BMI (P = 0.005 for trend). Patients with type 2 diabetes positive for IA-2(256–760) alone showed a phenotype resembling classical obese type 2 diabetes, with higher BMI, waist circumference, and uric acid (P &lt; 0.005 for all), lower thyroid peroxidase antibodies, and lower progression to insulin requirement than GAD antibody–positive patients (P = 0.04 and P = 0.0005, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe IA-2(256–760) antibody appears to represent an antibody marker that mainly identifies a clinical phenotype very similar to obese type 2 diabetes, suggesting a possible different pathogenetic mechanism.
The Importance of the Collection of Oskar Kolberg for Contemporary Choreological Studies
Authors: Nowak Tomasz 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The mainstream fields of Polish dance research were defined
in 1818–1847 by Józef Elsner, Kazimierz Brodziński, Łukasz
Gołębiowski and Karol Czerniawski, who broadly characterized some
elements of the dances considered as national (the polonaise, mazur,
krakowiak and kozak). Oskar Kolberg knew very well the works of all
these authors and referred to them many times. However, he was unique
in his extensive documentation of dance melodies, information about
their geographic origin, and local terminology. He also characterized
the dances with regard to their sequence in the traditional context and
described the dance technique in an instructive manner.

Oskar Kolberg’s documentation for quite a long time remained
outside the scope of mainstream research and publications about
dance in Poland. In the 1930s Polish representatives of the newly
defined field of ethnochoreology were the first to include examples
from Kolberg in their works on the ritual dances, regional dances
and characteristic dance behaviour types and forms. Kolberg’s works
increased in popularity after the World War II. Today the materials left
by Oskar Kolberg allow us to establish to a large extent the geographic
range and perspective on the changes of dance repertoire, both with regard
to choreographic technique and dance types, or a more detailed and critical
perspective on the problems of folk terminology in dance phenomena.
It may also serve as the point of departure for wider retrospective
or comparative studies – which may not be very fashionable today, but
which have never been adequately conducted in Poland.
Kolberg’s opinions on changes in the choice of instruments in 19th century folk music
Authors: Przerembski Zbigniew Jerzy 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the second half of the 19th century, when Oskar Kolberg conducted
his folkloristic and ethnographic work, folk song and music were still
alive and, to a great extent, functioned in their natural culture context.
However, already at that time, and especially in the last decades of the
century, gradual changes were taking place within folk tradition. Those
changes were brought about by industrialization and factors in the
development of urban civilization, which varied in intensity depending
on the region. Folk music was also influenced by those changes and they
themselves were further fuelled by the final (third) Partition of Poland
by Austria, Prussia and Russia, declared in 1795 and lasting till the end
of World War I.

Oskar Kolberg noticed and described changes in the musical
landscape of villages and little towns of the former Polish Republic
in the 19th century, as well as in the choice of instruments. To be quite
precise, musical instruments are not featured as a separate subject of his
research, but various references, though scattered, are quite numerous,
and are presented against a social, cultural and musical background,
which provides an opportunity to draw certain conclusions concerning
folk music instrumental practice.

However, changes in the makeup of folk music ensembles resulted in
the disappearance of traditional instruments, which were being replaced
by the newer, factory-produced ones. This process worried Kolberg
and he noticed its symptoms also in a wider, European context, where
bagpipes or dulcimers were being supplanted not only by “itinerant
orchestras” but also by barrel organs or even violins. Writing about
our country, Poland, he combined a positive opinion on the subject
of improvised and expressive performance of folk violinists with
a negative one on clarinet players and mechanical instruments.

Summing up, the musical landscape of Polish villages and both
small and larger towns was definitely influenced in the 19th century
by the symptoms of phenomena which much later acquired a wider
dimension and were defined as globalization and commercialization.
Sensing them, Oskar Kolberg viewed the well-being of the traditional
culture heritage with apprehension.
African Oil Palms, Colonial Socioecological Transformation and the Making of an Afro-Brazilian Landscape in Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Watkins Case 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Environmental histories of the African diaspora challenge Eurocentric interpretations of the Columbian Exchange by identifying African antecedents in New World landscapes and cultures. This paper joins that effort by tracing the formation of African oil palm (
Elaeis guineensis
Jacq.) landscapes in Bahia, Brazil. Long essential in many West African societies, the African oil palm and its products diffused to Bahia early in the colonial period. Palm oil became an integral component of Afro-Brazilian culture and cuisine, and the palm groves that yield the oil represent an Afro-Brazilian landscape. Although the palm's West African origins are well known, and despite its importance in local cultures and global economies, studies of Bahia's African oil palm landscapes remain rare and generally ahistorical. This paper marshals evidence from colonial archives, traveller's accounts, ethnographies, fieldwork and digital geographic data to analyse the formation of Bahia's Dendê Coast (
Costa do Dendê
, or Palm Oil Coast). While Africans and Afro-Brazilians emerge as principal actors, the analysis places humans within a broader socioecological framework to demonstrate how historical processes, geographies, agroecologies and human agency all coalesced to establish and sustain Bahia's Afro-Brazilian landscape.
Cancer screening in the United States, 2015: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Manassaram‐Baptiste Deana , Brooks Durado , Doroshenk Mary , Fedewa Stacey , Saslow Debbie , Brawley Otis W. , Wender Richard 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEEach year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection along with a report on data and trends in cancer screening rates and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, we summarize current ACS cancer screening guidelines. The latest data on utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) also is described, as are several issues related to screening coverage under the Affordable Care Act, including the expansion of the Medicaid program. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:30–54. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Le site marécageux de l'étang des Oussines (Corrèze) : une toposéquence phytosociologique remarquable (The marshy site of the Oussines pond (Correze district) : a noteworthy phytosociological succession)
Authors: Botineau Michel , Ghestem Axel , Vilks Askolds 
Published: January 2015

Sur le Plateau de Millevaches existent un certain nombre d'étangs ou de lacs de retenue autour desquels s'observent des zones humides plus ou moins vastes.
Parmi ceux-ci, l'Etang de Saint-Merd-les-Oussines (Corrèze) est formé grâce à une retenue sur la Vézère non loin de sa source. Situé dans un alvéole granitique vers 840 m d'altitude, ce plan d'eau présente dans ses ceintures une grande diversité de milieux marécageux.
La séquence des groupements végétaux est analysée en fonction du gradient hydrique et de la topographie à l'aide d'une trentaine de relevés de végétation. Sont successivement abordés :
- la végétation d'hygrophytes ;
- la végétation oligotrophe de nanophanérophytes ;
- la végétation de grandes herbes vivaces du bord des eaux ;
- les ceintures amphibies de niveau supérieur (la végétation mésotrophe à Mentha arvensis ef la végétation oligotrophe à Agrostis canina et Carex curta) ;
- le bas marais acide avec ses aspects particuliers (ruisselets, vasques, landes tourbeuses) ;
- la pelouse oligotrophe hygrophile de contact.
L'intérêt biologique de ce site est renforcé par sa situation géographique, point de rencontre des domaines atlantique d'une part, montagnard et boréal d'autre part.
La présence d'un certain nombre d'espèces exceptionnelles, végétales (Luronium natans, Isoetes echinospora...) et animales (Balbuzard pêcheur, Circaète Jean- le-Blanc.) ont justifié la protection du milieu par un arrêté préfectoral de biotope.
Cependant, la déprise agricole d'une part, et l'envasement de l'étang d'autre part, constituent des menaces sur la pérennité du site. Des moyens de gestion conservatoire sont donc à envisager.
Bilan de six années de gestion et de suivi de la réserve naturelle du marais de Lavours (Ain, France) (Evaluation of 6-years ecological management and survey in the natural reserve of the marais de Lavours, Ain, France)
Authors: Manneville Olivier , Majchrzak Yves , Pautou Guy 
Published: January 2015

Le marais de Lavours, dans la vallée du Haut-Rhône français, a été partiellement mis en réserve naturelle en 1984 au vu de ses grandes richesses tant floristiques que faunistiques et suite à des modifications rapides (boisement par abandon de certains secteurs, destruction d'autres secteurs par la mise en culture de maïs, déséquilibres hydrologiques consécutifs à l'aménagement du Rhône). Pour en maintenir ou restaurer la biodiversité, diverses méthodes de gestion conservatoire ont été choisies {fauche et débroussaillage et surtout pâturage par des races rustiques de bovins - Highland cattle - et de chevaux - camarguais et Pottok).
Un suivi scientifique des diverses composantes du milieu (sol, eau) et des biocénoses (végétation, avi faune, amphibiens, arthropodes) a été mis en place ; cet article présente les principaux résultats du suivi de la végétation des portions du marais soumises au pâturage extensif. Les techniques employées sont variées (cartographie des formations, relevés linéaires annuels effectués selon un échantillonnage systématique stratifié à partir de 1 10 stations fixes dont des parcelles- témoins, traitements informatiques des données par A.F.P. et A.C.P., comparaison qualitative avec des secteurs analogues fauchés à l'extérieur des enclos).
Certains des objectifs ont été atteints (ouverture des formations herbacées hygrophiles, réapparition d'espèces des stades pionniers, contrôle des grands hélophytes et de la majorité des ligneux), mais Alnus glutinosa, espèce peu appétible pour les herbivores, continue sa progression et il apparaît des déséquilibres dans révolution de la flore suite au pâturage. Ceci a donc nécessité la révision du plan de gestion :
- mélange des troupeaux de bovins et de camarguais pour annuler certains effets néfastes du comportement respectif des deux types d'animaux ; léger abaissement de la charge pastorale pour maintenir un pâturage extensif ; de plus, pour des raisons zootechniques, le pâturage hivernal, par ailleurs peu efficace, est supprimé ;
- débroussaillage à ras du sol important renouvelable éventuellement, puis suivi des aulnes que l'on espère ensuite contenir pour des méthodes moins brutales ;
- suivi de certaines espèces végétales critiques (par exemple, Sanguisorba offi- cinalis, plante-hôte de 2 papillons rares, du genre Maculinea,) qui semblent défavorisées par le pâturage et préfèrent la fauche ; - maintien du suivi scientifique, mais avec un allégement du dispositif initial ; on passe ainsi de 110 stations relevées tous les ans à 76, dont chaque moitié est analysée tous les deux ans par alternance.
Contrôle au faciès : une cérémonie de dégradation
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel 
Published: January 2015

Si une partie des contrôles d’identité sont organisés dans des lieuxciblés car réputés être fréquentés par des « sans-papiers », la majorité de ces interpellations visent des habitants connus pour être en situation régulière et dont l’identité ne fait même aucun doute aux yeux des agents contrôleurs. Les premiers légitiment cependant les seconds, et le Gisti s’emploie avec d’autres associations à combattre l’usage du contrôle d’identité par les forces de police comme d’une arme symbolique d’humiliation de certaines populations.
De la citoyenneté sociale au « tourisme social »
Authors: Isidro Lola 
Published: January 2015

Dans le droit communautaire, le principe d’égalité de traitement entreles citoyens européens qui prime sur le droit de séjour a permis que soit reconnu, sans discrimination, un droit aux prestations d’assistance sociale. Néanmoins, dans les années récentes, l’ouverture de l’UE aux États d’Europe de l’Est a introduit une suspicion qui a donné du « tourisme social » une interprétation négative.
Emplois fermés : une exclusion illégitime
Authors: Slama Serge 
Published: January 2015

Alors que, au cours des années 1990 et 2000, la plupart des professionset emplois fermés aux étrangers ont peu à peu été ouverts aux citoyens européens, au prix de longues batailles juridiques, ils sont restés interdits aux ressortissants des pays tiers. On peut dès lors se demander ce qui justifie une telle discrimination.
Une école discriminante ?
Authors: Primon Jean-Luc , Brinbaum Yaël 
Published: January 2015

Dans le cadre scolaire, la question des discriminations dites « ethno-raciales » n’a été soulevée que depuis peu en France. L’institution scolaire a longtemps éludé le problème jusqu’à ce que plusieurs études fassent apparaître des groupes minorisés chez lesquels le sentiment de discrimination est fréquent. L’enquête Trajectoires et Origines, co-conduite par l’Insee et l’Ined, met en évidence la réalité des parcours scolaires et les injustices ressenties par les descendant·e·s d’immigré·e·s.
Faire sombrer Frontex
Authors: Intran Caroline , Sibley Anna 
Published: January 2015

C’est pour lutter contre le déni, l’hypocrisie et le cynisme des politiqueseuropéennes de lutte contre l’immigration qu’a été lancée en 2013 la campagne Frontexit. Elle appelle à la suppression de l’agence Frontex, qu’elle désigne comme le bras opérationnel d’une vision inhumaine des migrations, fondée sur la fermeture des frontières et niant les droits fondamentaux.