bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Latent Bipolarity In Unipolar Depression: Experimental Findings, Conceptual Analysis And Implications For Treatment Strategies
Authors: Terziivanova Petya D. , Haralanov Svetlozar H. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have suggested that the two opposite poles of psychomotor disturbances in unipolar depression (UD) – retardation and agitation – require different treatment strategies as the psychomotor overactivation requires an augmentation of the antidepressant therapy with mood stabilizers and/or atypical antipsychotics.
Objective: The aim of the present study was to objectively identify and measure the psycho-motor disturbances in UD using differentiation between activity and reactivity.
Material and methods: An equilibriometric movement pattern analysis system that allows differentiation between psychomotor activity and reactivity was applied in 58 unipolar depressive patients and 76 healthy controls.
Results: Compared to controls, the patients as a group were significantly slower in their psychomotor reactivity. However, the subsequent subgrouping according to the direction of deviation of their objective psychomotor parameters revealed a disinhibition of psychomotor activity and/or reactivity in about one half of them. Such a contradictory combination of clinically manifested depressive mood and subclinically detected manic-like psychomotor overactivation might be regarded as belonging to the bipolar spectrum, since it was admitted that manic psychomotor disinhibition in unipolar depressive patients uncovers a latent bipolarity.
Conclusion: Not only prototypical depressive inhibition, but also prototypical manic-like disinhibition may underlie clinically manifested UD. Since the combination between depressive mood and psychomotor overactivation multiplies the suicidal risk, we may presume that the timely detection of this combination at a subclinical level would contribute to an earlier and more effective suicidal prevention by an objectively-guided optimization of pharmacological treatment.
Ethical Aspects of the Quality Assessment in Slovakia
Authors: Gluchman Vasil 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The aim of the paper is to study socio-ethical aspects of Slovak higher education policy in the context of contemporary discussions on university assessment criteria. I conduct an ethical analysis and assess the criteria introduced in Slovakia that consider employment opportunities and the graduate unemployment rate, publishing in high impact journals, participation in European research programmes, etc., which often discriminates against the humanities and social sciences. On the other hand, I also point to the absence of a social contract regarding the common good provided by Slovak universities, drawbacks of a legislative nature which often provide a basis for unethical behaviour within the Slovak academic community and, most often, problems concerning academic ethics in contemporary Slovakia.
The Principle of Non-Combatant Immunity – Interpretations, Challenges, Suggestions
Authors: Švaňa Lukáš 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The article deals with one of the most problematic principles of just war theory. It looks at the usage of the terms civilian, innocent and non-combatant and suggests how they can be interpreted. The principle of non-combatant immunity remains a real challenge for just war theory in the 21st century as it is designed to protect a specific group of people in times of war. The article considers the problematic issue of targeting non-combatants in war times as well as suggesting how we might better comprehend the problem.
From Technological Autonomy to Technological Bluff: Jacques Ellul and Our Technological Condition
Authors: Hanks J. Craig , Hanks Emily Kay 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The work of Jacques Ellul is useful in understanding and evaluating the implications of rapidly changing technologies for human values and democracy. Ellul developed three powerful theses about technology: technological autonomy, technological determinism, and technological bluff. In this essay, the authors explicate these views of technology, and place the work of Ellul in dialogue with the ides of other important theorists of technology (including Max Weber, Herbert Marcuse, Lewis Mumford, Langdon Winner, and Hans Jonas). Ellul’s too-often overlooked theses about technology are relevant to our present technological society
Quantum Theory of International Relations: Approaches and Possible Gains
Authors: Tesař Jakub 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper considers the possible application of quantum theory in political studies, especially in international relations. We introduce our classification based on three logical ways of how to connect areas so remote: through the relation of identity, analogy and metaphor which reflects three basic epistemic positions. Next, we review existing work against this classification before moving on to consider some of the uses and potential gains offered by quantum mind hypothesis, quantum models of reasoning and decisionmaking, and quantum metaphor.
Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker of Stress in Mothers and their Low Birth Weight Infants and Sample Collecting Challenges
Authors: Janevski Milica Ranković , Vujičić Ana Đorđević , Đukić Svjetlana Maglajić 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is a non-invasive method suitable for use in neonatal research. Mother-infant separation after birth represents stress and skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has numerous benefits. The aim of the study was to measure salivary cortisol in mothers and newborns before and after SSC in order to assess the effect of SSC on mothers’ and infants’ stress and to estimate the efficacy of collecting small saliva samples in newborns.
Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured in 35 mother-infant pairs before and after the first and the fifth SSC in small saliva samples (50 μL) using the high sensitivity Quantitative ELISA-Kit (0.0828 nmol/L) for low cortisol levels detection. Samples were collected with eye sponge during 3 to 5 minutes.
Results: Cortisol level in mothers decreased after SSC: the highest levels were measured before and the lowest after SSC and the differences in values were significant during both the first (p<0.001) and the fifth SSC (p<0.001). During the first SSC the cortisol level decrease was detected in 14 (40%) and an increase in 21 (60%) newborns, and during the fifth SSC a decrease was detected in 16 (45.7%) and an increase in 19 (54.3%) newborns, without confirmed significance of the difference. Saliva sampling efficacy using eye sponge was 75%.
Conclusions: Cortisol level decrease in mothers proves the stress reduction during SSC, while variable cortisol levels in infants do not indicate stress reduction and imply the need for further research. The used sampling method appeared to be one of the most optimal considering the sample volume, sampling time and efficacy.
Silencing of LncRNA HULC Enhances Chemotherapy Induced Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Song Xiaojing , Wang Xixun , Hu Jinchen , Jiang Lixin 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBackground:Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world; however, chemoresistance greatly decreases the efficacy of therapy in gastric cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a variety of biological processes, and we hypothesize that lncRNA HULC regulates the multidrug resistance in GC treatment.Methods:We obtained GC tissue samples from 42 GC patients and detected the expression level of HULC in the plasma and tissues via qRT-PCR. The relationship between HULC expression and survival rate was confirmed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We verified the expression of HULC in GC cell lines via qRT-PCR, and the function of HULC was detected via flow cytometry assay and CCK-8 assay.Results:HULC was highly expressed in the plasma and tissues of the GC patients compared with controls, with HULC high expression indicating lower survival rate. HULC knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in GC cells.Conclusions:Our results suggest that silencing lncRNA HULC could enhance chemotherapy induced apoptosis in GC cells, which could provide a novel approach for therapeutic strategies.
The Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (Dab) Framework for Profiling Learners’ Sustainability Competencies in Higher Education
Authors: Besong Frida , Holland Charlotte 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The concepts of sustainability and sustainability competence are controversial, complex, difficult to define and measure, and have varied meanings for different people and practices. Given the complex nature of sustainability, there is limited availability of paradigmatic frameworks to guide educators in assessing sustainability competencies. This paper introduces the Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (DAB) framework, which influenced the design of an intervention in 2013-2014 that profiled sustainability competencies among final year undergraduate students in a higher education institution. The results of the mixed methods study indicate that the DAB framework has good potential as a guide to educators or researchers in understanding and profiling sustainability- related abilities, attitudes and actions (areas of performance) of cohorts of students within higher education settings.
Communication Skills Training in Trainee Primary School Teachers in Spain
Authors: Gallego Ortega José Luis , Fuentes Antonio Rodríguez 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Research on teacher training often focuses on learners’ perceptions of that training. The focus of this paper, which uses a research-to-practice approach, is instead on the views of the trainers. It evaluates the perceptions of university lecturers teaching classes as part of primary teachers’ training degrees and assesses their views of the communication skills developed by their students to be used in their future careers. The study uses a 17-item ad-hoc questionnaire, completed by 152 lecturers from the University of Granada. Descriptive and inferential analyses are then carried out on the data collected using SPSS. The analysis results show how important lecturers believe it is for trainee teachers to develop communication skills, which they often lack. Although lecturers believe communication skills are very important, they also think that they are not developed as much as they should be in their classes, so trainee teachers cannot communicate as effectively as they should.
How Children can Support Their Learning to Write and Read by Computer in the Early Years of School
Authors: Nurmilaakso Marja 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Over the last decades the nature and form of what children can choose to read has changed radically, partly as a consequence of rapid technological advances and the increasing dominance of the image. The research questions were: 1) How do children learn to read and write by computer? 2) How can one support children’s learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school? and 3) How can we support learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school in the future? This work is based on a questionnaire that was sent to kindergarten and primary school teachers in the Helsinki area. Only 27 teachers in the pre-school or primary school answered the questionnaire. Following this, the questionnaire was also sent to kindergarten and primary school student teachers. The results show that that it is easy for children to acquaint themselves with the computer keyboard and that children actually enjoy playing by writing on computer. The respondents said that children must, at first, train to write by hand, then by computer.
First-principles study of atomic structure and electronic properties of Si and F doped anatase TiO2
Authors: Li Hongping , Chen Lin , Liu Shuai , Li Changsheng , Meng Jian , Wang Zhongchang 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Chemical doping represents one of the most effective ways in engineering electronic structures of anatase TiO2 for practical applications. Here, we investigate formation energies, geometrical structures, and electronic properties of Si-, F-doped and Si/F co-doped anatase TiO2 by using spin-polarized density functional theory calculation. We find that the co-doped TiO2 is thermodynamically more favorable than the Si- and F-doped TiO2- Structural analysis shows that atomic impurity varies crystal constants slightly. Moreover, all the three doped systems show a pronounced narrowing of band gap by 0.33 eV for the F-doped TiO2, 0.17 eV for the Si-doped TiO2, and 0.28 eV for the Si/F-co-doped TiO2, which could account for the experimentally observed redshift of optical absorption edge. Our calculations suggest that the Si/F-co-doping represents an effective way in tailoring electronic structure and optical properties of anatase TiO2.
Limitations of Extreme Nonlinear Ultrafast Nanophotonics
Authors: Kern Christian , Zürch Michael , Spielmann Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh-harmonic generation (HHG) has been established as an indispensable tool in optical spectroscopy. This effect arises for instance upon illumination of a noble gas with sub-picosecond laser pulses at focussed intensities significantly greater than 1012W/cm2. HHG provides a coherent light source in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, which is of importance in inner shell photo ionization of many atoms and molecules. Additionally, it intrinsically features light fields with unique temporal properties. Even in its simplest realization, XUV bursts of sub-femtosecond pulse lengths are released. More sophisticated schemes open the path to attosecond physics by offering single pulses of less than 100 attoseconds duration.Resonant optical antennas are important tools for coupling and enhancing electromagnetic fields on scales below their free-space wavelength. In a special application, placing field-enhancing plasmonic nano antennas at the interaction site of an HHG experiment has been claimed to boost local laser field strengths, from insufficient initial intensities to sufficient values. This was achieved with the use of arrays of bow-tie-shaped antennas of ∼ 100nm in length. However, the feasibility of this concept depends on the vulnerability of these nano-antennas to the still intense driving laser light.We show, by looking at a set of exemplary metallic structures, that the threshold fluence Fth of laser-induced damage (LID) is a greatly limiting factor for the proposed and tested schemes along these lines.We present our findings in the context of work done by other groups, giving an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Crystal structure of bis(ethyltriphenylphos-phonium) tetrabromidocobaltate(II), C40H40Br4CoP2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Schalekamp Henk , Betz Richard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractC40H40Br4CoP2, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 12.2640(7) Å, b = 21.131(1) Å, c = 16.432(1) Å, β = 111.029(2)°, V = 3974.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0346, wRref(F2) = 0.0772, T = 200 K.
Local Factors Influencing The Increase In Development Activity In Selected Cities Of Poland
Authors: Antczak-Stępniak Agata 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Development activity in Poland began to increase in the 1990's as a result of market-oriented reforms, with the process continuing to this day. The beginnings were, however, not easy due to, among others, the absence of many important legal regulations and the lack of commercial financing. The situation changed in the second half of the 1990's, positively affecting residential development activity. The years 2008 - 2009 were particularly relevant in the course of the studied trend as a sharp increase in the number of completed developer-built residential dwelling units was recorded at this time. After this period, a decline in the number of dwelling units completed by developers was recorded, which indicates its strong dependence on changes in the economic environment. Fluctuations in the number of dwelling units completed by developers were also visible before Poland's accession to the European Union. This means that the diversity of development activity is influenced by many factors.
The available literature generally states that the growth of the real estate market depends on demand. Effective demand for real estate is understood as the number of people who are willing and financially able to buy or rent a particular kind of property at different prices, at a given time and in a given market. Therefore, it can be assumed that local factors have a particular impact on the growth of development activity. However, the question arises as to which of the many local factors are important to the growth of development activity and what factors can be used by local authorities to more effectively stimulate the growth of residential housing in their area.
The aim of the paper is to determine by means of econometric instruments the significance of the impact of individual local factors on development activity in the residential housing market in the largest cities of Poland.
Synthesis of some novel 6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4′-bipyridine-3′-carbonitriles: assessment of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Hussein Essam M. , Al-Shareef Hossa F. , Aboellil Amany H. , Elhady Heba A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A series of novel substituted 6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4′-bipyridine-3′-carbonitriles with incorporated pyrazole and/or triazole moieties have been synthesized using 2-(6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3′-cyano-3,4′-bipyridin-2′-yloxy)acetohydrazide (3) as starting material. Also, the key intermediate 3 reacted with aromatic aldehydes and tosyl chloride to give the corresponding Schiff bases and tosyl hydrazide derivatives, respectively. The antimicrobial of these newly synthesized compounds was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria and Trichoderma viride as a fungus; some of these compounds such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 14 showed excellent activities as antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the most active compounds was assessed in vitro against human tumor liver cancer cell line (HEPG2); compounds 8, 10, 13a, and 14 showed potent activities relative to Doxorubicin which was used as a reference standard drug in this study.
4,15-Diamino[2.2]paracyclophane as a useful precursor for the synthesis of novelpseudo-geminal [2.2]paracyclophane compounds
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Mourad Aboul-Fetouh E. , Hassan Alaa A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractNew reactions of 4,15-diamino[2.2]paracyclophane (1) are described. When1is reacted with acetyl, benzoyl, or phthaloyl chloride, respectively, the amides2,6,7, and9are formed; the latter suffers loss of H2O to give the product8. Bromination of2yields thepseudo-geminally substituted derivative3exclusively; the formation of its expected regioisomer4is not observed. Heating of2with POCl3in ethanol furnishes the triply-bridged cyclophane5. Condensation of1with some selected carbonyl compounds (phthalaldehyde, formic acid, cyclohexane-1,3-dione, and terephthalaldehyde) provides the products17–20. Thiourea and isothiocyanate derivatives21and22were obtained on heating1in CS2. The structures of the products were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic and analytical data. Rationalizations for the formation of3,5,6, and17are presented.
Induction of Anti-Hebbian LTP in CA1 Stratum Oriens Interneurons: Interactions between Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and M1 Muscarinic Receptors
Authors: Le Duigou Caroline , Savary Etienne , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Miles Richard 
Published: October 2015

An anti-Hebbian form of LTP is observed at excitatory synapses made with some hippocampal interneurons. LTP induction is facilitated when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, presumably because Ca2+entry through Ca2+-permeable glutamate receptors is enhanced. The contribution of modulatory transmitters to anti-Hebbian LTP induction remains to be established. Activation of group I metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) is required for anti-Hebbian LTP induction in interneurons with cell bodies in the CA1 stratum oriens. This region receives a strong cholinergic innervation from the septum, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) share some signaling pathways and cooperate with mGluRs in the control of neuronal excitability.We therefore examined possible interactions between group I mGluRs and mAChRs in anti-Hebbian LTP at synapses which excite oriens interneurons in rat brain slices. We found that blockade of either group I mGluRs or M1 mAChRs prevented the induction of anti-Hebbian LTP by pairing presynaptic activity with postsynaptic hyperpolarization. Blocking either receptor also suppressed long-term effects of activation of the other G-protein coupled receptor on interneuron membrane potential. However, no crossed blockade was detected for mGluR or mAchR effects on interneuron after-burst potentials or on the frequency of miniature EPSPs. Paired recordings between pyramidal neurons and oriens interneurons were obtained to determine whether LTP could be induced without concurrent stimulation of cholinergic axons. Exogenous activation of mAChRs led to LTP, with changes in EPSP amplitude distributions consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression. LTP, however, required noninvasive presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the hippocampus, a form of NMDA receptor-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs at excitatory synapses made on some inhibitory neurons. This is preferentially induced when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, depends on Ca2+entry through Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, and has been labeled anti-Hebbian LTP. Here we show that this form of LTP also depends on activation of both group I mGluR and M1 mAChRs. We demonstrate that these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact, because the blockade of one receptor suppresses long-term effects of activation of the other GPCR on both LTP and interneuron membrane potential. This LTP was also detected in paired recordings, although only when both presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings did not perturb the intracellular medium. Changes in EPSP amplitude distributions in dual recordings were consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression.