bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematically reviewing and synthesizing evidence from conversation analytic and related discursive research to inform healthcare communication practice and policy: an illustrated guide
Authors: Parry Ruth H , Land Victoria 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare delivery is largely accomplished in and through conversations between people, and healthcare quality and effectiveness depend enormously upon the communication practices employed within these conversations. An important body of evidence about these practices has been generated by conversation analysis and related discourse analytic approaches, but there has been very little systematic reviewing of this evidence.MethodsWe developed an approach to reviewing evidence from conversation analytic and related discursive research through the following procedures:• reviewing existing systematic review methods and our own prior experience of applying these• clarifying distinctive features of conversation analytic and related discursive work which must be taken into account when reviewing• holding discussions within a review advisory team that included members with expertise in healthcare research, conversation analytic research, and systematic reviewing• attempting and then refining procedures through conducting an actual review which examined evidence about how people talk about difficult future issues including illness progression and dyingResultsWe produced a step-by-step guide which we describe here in terms of eight stages, and which we illustrate from our ‘Review of Future Talk’. The guide incorporates both established procedures for systematic reviewing, and new techniques designed for working with conversation analytic evidence.ConclusionsThe guide is designed to inform systematic reviews of conversation analytic and related discursive evidence on specific domains and topics. Whilst we designed it for reviews that aim at informing healthcare practice and policy, it is flexible and could be used for reviews with other aims, for instance those aiming to underpin research programmes and projects. We advocate systematically reviewing conversation analytic and related discursive findings using this approach in order to translate them into a form that is credible and useful to healthcare practitioners, educators and policy-makers.
Potentially inappropriate medications used by the elderly: prevalence and risk factors in Brazilian care homes
Authors: Vieira de Lima Thaís Jaqueline , Garbin Cléa Adas Saliba , Garbin Artênio José Ísper , Sumida Dóris Hissako , Saliba Orlando 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among the elderly is a serious public health problem because it is intrinsically linked to increased morbidity and mortality, causing high costs to public health systems. This study’s objective was to verify the prevalence of and the factors associated with the use of PIMs by elderly Brazilians in institutional settings.

Methods
We performed a transversal study, by consulting the case files of elderly people living in Long Term Care for the Elderly (LTC) in towns in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as structured interviews with the nurses responsible for them.
We identified PIMs using the list of recently updated Beers criteria developed by a group of specialists from the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), who reviewed the criteria based on studies with high scientific evidence levels. We defined the factors studied to evaluate the association with PIM use prior to the statistical analyses, which were the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.

Results
Among the elderly who used drugs daily, 82.6% were taking at least one PIM, with antipsychotics (26.5%) and analgesics (15.1%) being the most commonly used. Out of all the medications used, 32.4% were PIMs, with 29.7% of these being PIMs that the elderly should avoid independent of their condition, 1.1% being inappropriate medication for older adults with certain illnesses or syndromes, and 1.6% being medications that older adults should use with caution. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with PIM use were: polypharmacy (p = 0.0187), cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.0036), psychiatric disorders (p < 0.0001) and dependency (p = 0.0404).

Conclusions
The results of this study showed a high prevalence of PIM use in institutionalized elderly Brazilian patients. and the associated factors were polypharmacy, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular diseases and dependency.
Emergence of 16S rRNA methylase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in hospitals in Vietnam
Authors: Tada Tatsuya , Miyoshi-Akiyama Tohru , Kato Yasuyuki , Ohmagari Norio , Takeshita Nozomi , Hung Nguyen Viet , Phuong Doan Mai , Thu Truong Anh , Binh Nguyen Gia , Anh Nguyen Quoc , Nga Tran Thi Thanh , Truong Pham Hong , Xuan Phan Thi , Thu Le Thi Anh , Son Nguyen Truong , Kirikae Teruo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
16S rRNA methylase-producing Gram-negative bacteria are highly resistant to all clinically important aminoglycosides. We analyzed clinical strains of 16S rRNA methylase-producing Acinetobactor baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from clinical isolates in medical settings in Vietnam.

Methods
From 2008 to 2011, 101 clinical strains of A. baumannii and 15 of P. aeruginosa were isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) in two medical settings in Vietnam. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined using the microdilution method and epidemiological analysis was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and MLST. Genes encoding the 16S rRNA methylases, OXAs and CTX-Ms were analyzed by PCR and sequence analysis.

Results
16S rRNA methylase-producing Gram-negative pathogens were detected in two hospitals in Vietnam. Of the 101 clinical isolates of A. baumannii and the 15 of P. aeruginosa isolated from two ICUs in these hospitals, 72 (71.3%) were highly resistant to amikacin, arbekacin and gentamicin, with MICs greater than 1,024 mg/L. The 16S rRNA methylases ArmA and RmtB were produced by 61 and 9 isolates of A. baumannii, respectively, and RmtB was produced by 2 isolates of P. aeruginosa. Moreover, 52 of the A. baumannii isolates producing 16S rRNA methylases harbored both blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-51-like genes. Most A. baumannii isolates producing 16S rRNA methylase obtained in hospital A in Hanoi were ST91 and ST231, whereas most from hospital B in Ho Chi Minh City were ST136, ST195, and ST254.
The two P. aeruginosa isolates harboring rmtB showed different patterns on PFGE, one each corresponding to ST217 and ST313.

Conclusions
Gram-negative bacteria producing the 16S rRNA methylases ArmA and RmtB are emerging in medical settings in Vietnam. A. baumannii isolates in northern and southern regions of Vietnam may be of different lineages.
Hyaluronan fragments induce IFNβ via a novel TLR4-TRIF-TBK1-IRF3-dependent pathway
Authors: Black Katharine E , Collins Samuel L , Hagan Robert S , Hamblin Mark J , Chan-Li Yee , Hallowell Robert W , Powell Jonathan D , Horton Maureen R 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe extracellular matrix plays a critical role in insuring tissue integrity and water homeostasis. However, breakdown products of the extracellular matrix have emerged as endogenous danger signals, designed to rapidly activate the immune system against a potential pathogen breach. Type I interferons play a critical role in the immune response against viral infections. In the lungs, hylauronan (HA) exists as a high molecular weight, biologically inert extracellular matrix component that is critical for maintaining lung function. When lung tissue is injured, HA is broken down into lower molecular weight fragments that alert the immune system to the breach in tissue integrity by activating innate immune responses. HA fragments are known to induce inflammatory gene expression via TLR-MyD88-dependent pathways.MethodsPrimary peritoneal macrophages from C57BL/6 wild type, TLR4 null, TLR3 null, MyD88 null, and TRIF null mice as well as alveolar and peritoneal macrophage cell lines were stimulated with HA fragments and cytokine production was assessed by rt-PCR and ELISA. Western blot analysis for IRF3 was preformed on cell lysates from macrophages stimulate with HA fragmentsResultsWe demonstrate for the first time that IFNβ is induced in murine macrophages by HA fragments. We also show that HA fragments induce IFNβ using a novel pathway independent of MyD88 but dependent on TLR4 via TRIF and IRF-3.ConclusionsOverall our findings reveal a novel signaling pathway by which hyaluronan can modulate inflammation and demonstrate the ability of hyaluronan fragments to induce the expression of type I interferons in response to tissue injury even in the absence of viral infection. This is independent of the pathway of the TLR2-MyD88 used by these matrix fragments to induce inflammatory chemokines. Thus, LMW HA may be modifying the inflammatory milieu simultaneously via several pathways.
Gene regulation by the act of long non-coding RNA transcription
Authors: Kornienko Aleksandra E , Guenzl Philipp M , Barlow Denise P , Pauler Florian M 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are proposed to be the largest transcript class in the mouse and human transcriptomes. Two important questions are whether all lncRNAs are functional and how they could exert a function. Several lncRNAs have been shown to function through their product, but this is not the only possible mode of action. In this review we focus on a role for the process of lncRNA transcription, independent of the lncRNA product, in regulating protein-coding-gene activity in cis. We discuss examples where lncRNA transcription leads to gene silencing or activation, and describe strategies to determine if the lncRNA product or its transcription causes the regulatory effect.
LEDGINs inhibit late stage HIV-1 replication by modulating integrase multimerization in the virions
Authors: Desimmie Belete Ayele , Schrijvers Rik , Demeulemeester Jonas , Borrenberghs Doortje , Weydert Caroline , Thys Wannes , Vets Sofie , Van Remoortel Barbara , Hofkens Johan , De Rijck Jan , Hendrix Jelle , Bannert Norbert , Gijsbers Rik , Christ Frauke , Debyser Zeger 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
LEDGINs are novel allosteric HIV integrase (IN) inhibitors that target the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75 binding pocket of IN. They block HIV-1 integration by abrogating the interaction between LEDGF/p75 and IN as well as by allosterically inhibiting the catalytic activity of IN.

Results
Here we demonstrate that LEDGINs reduce the replication capacity of HIV particles produced in their presence. We systematically studied the molecular basis of this late effect of LEDGINs and demonstrate that HIV virions produced in their presence display a severe replication defect. Both the late effect and the previously described, early effect on integration contribute to LEDGIN antiviral activity as shown by time-of-addition, qPCR and infectivity assays. The late effect phenotype requires binding of LEDGINs to integrase without influencing proteolytic cleavage or production of viral particles. LEDGINs augment IN multimerization during virion assembly or in the released viral particles and severely hamper the infectivity of progeny virions. About 70% of the particles produced in LEDGIN-treated cells do not form a core or display aberrant empty cores with a mislocalized electron-dense ribonucleoprotein. The LEDGIN-treated virus displays defective reverse transcription and nuclear import steps in the target cells. The LEDGIN effect is possibly exerted at the level of the Pol precursor polyprotein.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that LEDGINs modulate IN multimerization in progeny virions and impair the formation of regular cores during the maturation step, resulting in a decreased infectivity of the viral particles in the target cells. LEDGINs thus profile as unique antivirals with combined early (integration) and late (IN assembly) effects on the HIV replication cycle.
See it with my eyes: artificial stream research communicated by an artist
Authors: Rinn Anne , Kivelitz Christoph , Berghahn Rüdiger 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Artist Anne Rinn takes the reader on an excursion to an indoor and outdoor artificial pond and stream mesocosm system. This device was constructed and put into operation in 2001 in order to carry out scientific investigations concerning the aquatic environment, with the main focus on fate and effects of pollutants. Both technical features of the facility and the work and ideas for scientists and technicians were translated by her into an art exhibition which also included a film. This report on the project consists of two different text parts, one by the third author, who is an aquatic toxicologist, and one by the second author, an art historian. Their different backgrounds are reflected in different thinking and styles of expression. The text is rounded off by the photos of the first author, the artist.
Early alterations of B cells in patients with septic shock
Authors: Monserrat Jorge , de Pablo Raul , Diaz-Martín David , Rodríguez-Zapata Manuel , de la Hera Antonio , Prieto Alfredo , Alvarez-Mon Melchor 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
It has recently been proposed that B lymphocytes are involved in sepsis pathogenesis. The goal of this study is to investigate potential abnormalities in a subset distribution and activation of circulating B lymphocytes in patients with septic shock.

Methods
This observational prospective study was conducted in a medical-surgical ICU. All patients with septic shock were eligible for inclusion. B-cell phenotypes (CD19+CD69+, CD19+CD23+, CD19+CD5+, CD19+CD80, CD19+CD86+, CD19+CD40 and CD19+CD95+) were assessed by quantitative flow cytometry upon admission to the ICU and 3, 7, 14 and 28 d later.

Results
Fifty-two patients were included. Thirty-six healthy volunteers matched for age and sex were used as controls. The patients had lymphopenia that was maintained during 28 d of follow-up. In patients with septic shock who died, the percentage of CD19+CD23+ was lower during the 7 d of follow-up than it was in survival patients. Moreover, the percentage of CD80+ and CD95+ expression on B cells was higher in patients who died than in survivors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a CD19+CD23+ value of 64.6% at ICU admission enabled discrimination between survivors and nonsurvivors with a sensitivity of 90.9% and a specificity of 80.0% (P = 0.0001).

Conclusions
Patients with septic shock who survive and those who don't have different patterns of abnormalities in circulating B lymphocytes. At ICU admission, a low percentage of CD23+ and a high of CD80+ and CD95+ on B cells were associated with increased mortality of patients with septic shock. Moreover, a drop in circulating B cells persisted during 28 d of ICU follow-up.
Anion-controlled Aggregation of a Porphyrin at Solid–Liquid Interfaces: A Distinguished Effect of Different Aggregates in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Arai Yonbon , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Simultaneous formation of H- and J-type aggregates of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin diacid at the interfaces of nanocrystalline TiO2–electrolytes and the remarkable compositional change of the aggregates by varying the electrolyte anion are demonstrated. Dye-sensitized solar cell studies demonstrate much higher photon-to-electron conversion efficiency of the J-type aggregate than the H-type aggregate and substantially different performance depending on the type of electrolyte anion.
Structural Analysis of a Polymeric Micelle Made from AB3-type Multiarmed Star-like Block Copolymer in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Sanada Yusuke , Sakamoto Shunsuke , Akiba Isamu , Takaki Toshihiko , Sakurai Kazuo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
To clarify the micellar structure of the AB3-type polyethylene (A)–poly(ethylene glycol) (B) block copolymer, small-angle X-ray scattering and light scattering coupled with field flow fractionation were carried out. The micelle did not take the spherical form that has been observed for most polymeric micelles. The best model to fit the SAXS data was a cubic core model, presumably, relating to that the core consists of the crystallite of PE.
Preparation of Trifluorovinyl Compounds by Lithium Salt-promoted Monoalkylation of Tetrafluoroethene
Authors: Ohashi Masato , Kamura Ryohei , Doi Ryohei , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Treatment of tetrafluoroethene (TFE) with diethylzinc in the presence of lithium iodide gave 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-butene in moderate yield. In the absence of lithium iodide, however, the nucleophilic addition of diethylzinc to TFE proceeded very slowly to afford ethyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutylzinc. The addition of lithium iodide to a solution of ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluorobutylzinc resulted in a smooth transformation into 1,1,2-trifluoro-1-butene. In the presence of lithium chloride, the reaction of TFE with benzyl or allyl Grignard reagents afforded the corresponding monosubstituted products in good to excellent yields.
Nickel-catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction of Bulky Enones with Simple Alkynes. The Effect of Bulkiness of Substituent Attached at β-Carbon
Authors: Abulimiti Abudoukadeer , Nishimura Akira , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of [Ni(cod)2] and PCy3, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of enones bearing a bulky substituent group at the β-position with simple alkynes occurs to give cyclobutenes. The bulky group at the β-position can suppress the insertion of either an enone to give a cyclohexene or an alkyne to give a cyclohexadiene.
Facile One-pot Synthesis of Naphthoquinone–1,3-Dithioles via 2,3-Dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and Amines Involving CS2
Authors: Huang Huanming , Han Jing , Xu Fang , Li Yujin , Dong Huaqing , Yu Wubin , Gao Jianrong 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
An efficient, simple, and facile one-pot approach of synthesizing naphthoquinone–1,3-dithioles via 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and amines involving CS2 was investigated. Both amino acid esters and aliphatic primary amines were applicable to this reaction and gave the corresponding heterocycles in good yields through the two-step sulfur-attack process.
Outcomes and complications of total hip replacement in super-obese patients
Authors: Rajgopal R. , Martin R. , Howard J. L. , Somerville L. , MacDonald S. J. , Bourne R. 
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the complications and outcomes of total hip replacement (THR) in super-obese patients (body mass index (BMI) > 50 kg/m2) compared with class I obese (BMI 30 to 34.9 kg/m2) and normal-weight patients (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), as defined by the World Health Organization. A total of 39 THRs were performed in 30 super-obese patients with a mean age of 53 years (31 to 72), who were followed for a mean of 4.2 years (2.0 to 11.7). This group was matched with two cohorts of normal-weight and class I obese patients, each comprising 39 THRs in 39 patients. Statistical analysis was performed to determine differences among these groups with respect to complications and satisfaction based on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index, the Harris hip score (HHS) and the Short-Form (SF)-12 questionnaire. Super-obese patients experienced significantly longer hospital stays and higher rates of major complications and readmissions than normal-weight and class I obese patients. Although super-obese patients demonstrated reduced pre-operative and post-operative satisfaction scores, there was no significant difference in improvement, or change in the score, with respect to HHS or the WOMAC osteoarthritis index. Super-obese patients obtain similar satisfaction outcomes as class I obese and normal-weight patients with respect to improvement in their scores. However, they experience a significant increase in length of hospital stay and major complication and readmission rates. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:758–63.
Aspherical plastic lens injection molding warpage and opto-mechanical analysis
Authors: Hsu Ming-Ying , Chang Shenq-Tsong , Huang Ting-Ming 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The aspherical plastic lens is commonly used in commercial optical products. The injection molding process introduces warpage and stress residue into the aspherical plastic lens. Mold flow software is generally used in injection molding simulation and successfully predicts molding warpage results. This paper attempts to link mold flow and optical design software by opto-mechanical analysis. The lens surface warpage can apply the Zernike polynomial and transform it to the optical aberration. Meanwhile, the injection molding process and the operation parameters also affect the plastic lens warpage value. Thus, according to optical software, the injection molding process parameters will affect lens optical performance. The plastic lens aberration results can evaluate the lens warpage effect and optimize the injection molding process parameters. Further, by reversing lens warpage aberration in the plastic lens model, it can preliminarily compensate for the warpage error in the lens design process.
Glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB plasma kinetics is not related to myocardial ischemia induced by exercise stress echo test
Authors: Dobric Milan , Giga Vojislav , Beleslin Branko , Ignjatovic Svetlana , Paunovic Ivana , Stepanovic Jelena , Djordjevic-Dikic Ana , Kostic Jelena , Nedeljkovic Ivana , Nedeljkovic Milan , Tesic Milorad , Dajak Marijana , Ostojic Miodrag 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background: Glycogen phosphorylase BB (GPBB) is released from cardiac cells during myocyte damage. Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the relation of enzyme release and reversible myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma kinetics of GPBB as a response to the exercise stress echocardiographic test (ESET), and to define the relationship between myocardial ischemia and enzyme plasma concentrations.

Methods: We studied 46 consecutive patients undergoing ESET, with recent coronary angiography. In all patients, a submaximal stress echo test according to Bruce protocol was performed. Concentration of GPBB was measured in peripheral blood that was sampled 5 min before and 10, 30 and 60 min after ESET.

Results: There was significant increase of GPBB concentration after the test (p=0.021). Significant increase was detected 30 min (34.9% increase, p=0.021) and 60 min (34.5% increase, p=0.016) after ESET. There was no significant effect of myocardial ischemia on GPBB concentrations (p=0.126), and no significant interaction between sampling intervals and myocardial ischemia, suggesting a similar release profile of GPBB in ischemic and non-ischemic conditions (p=0.558). Patients in whom ESET was terminated later (stages 4 or 5 of standard Bruce protocol; n=13) had higher GPBB concentrations than patients who terminated ESET earlier (stages 1, 2 or 3; n=33) (p=0.049). Baseline GPBB concentration was not correlated to any of the patients’ demographic, clinical and hemodynamic characteristics.

Conclusions: GPBB plasma concentration increases after ESET, and it is not related to inducible myocardial ischemia. However, it seems that GPBB release during ESET might be related to exercise load/duration.