bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aldosterone stimulates Na,K‐ATPase activity in basolateral membrane of rat kidney
Authors: Seok Jeong‐Ho , Kim Ju‐Byoung , Hong Jang‐Hee , Hur Gang‐Min , Jeon Jong‐Rye , Lim Kyu , Hwang Byung‐Doo , Lee Jae‐Heun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe changes of Na,K‐ATPase activity and its regulation have been investigated in the renal cortex and its basolateral membrane of aldosterone‐induced hypertensive rat. Ouabain‐sensitive Na,K‐ATPase activity and [3H]ouabain‐binding site (Bmax) in the hypertensive rat were significantly increased than those in the control. The levels of Na,K‐ATPase α1‐ and β1‐subunit mRNA of the renal cortex in hypertensive rat were more increased than those in the control, and their increases were repressed by actinomycin‐D. These results suggest that the increase of Na,K‐ATPase activities and ouabain binding sites in aldosterone‐induced hypertensive rat may be correlated with transcriptional regulation of Na,K‐ATPase gene expression.
Purification and cell attachment activity of a D‐galactose‐binding lectin from the skin of sea hare, Aplysia Kurodai
Authors: Ozeki Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA D‐galactose‐binding lectin which does not require Ca2+ or reducing reagents to induce activity was purified from skin of sea hare, Aplysia kurodai, by affinity chromatography. Skin lectin was confirmed to be a disulfide‐bonded heteromultimer with molecular mass of 200 kDa, consisting of 28 kDa and 26 kDa subunits by SDS‐PAGE and two‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. Human rhabdomyosarcoma cells attached to and spread on plastic plates coated with lectin. Cell adhesion induced by lectin was completely inhibited by the addition of lactose.
Biochemical characterization of the third domain From Bacillus thuringiensis CRY1A Toxins
Authors: Vázquez‐Padrón Robert I. , Martínez‐Gil Ariel F. , Ayra‐Pardo Camilo , González‐Cabrera Joel , Prieto‐Samsonov Dmitri L. , de la Riva Gustavo A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCry proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis have insecticidal properties. The function of domains I and II has been described but domain III has so far eluded understanding. Domain III from Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac has been cloned, expressed in E. coli and injected to rabbits with the aid of characterizing them immunologically. Interestingly, polyclonal antibodies against Cry1Ab fragment did not recognize either the native Cry1Ab toxin or the Cry1Ac fragment while those against the latter did recognize either the native Cry1Ac toxin or the Cry1Ab protein fragment. A combination of information from sequence comparison and hydrophobicity profile indicates that these protein fragments possibly adopt different spatial dispositions within the respective toxins.
The role of domain shuffling in the evolution of signaling networks
Authors: Di Roberto Raphael B. , Peisajovich Sergio G. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIn a seminal paper entitled “Evolution and Tinkering,” François Jacob affirmed that: “Novelties come from previously unseen association of old material. To create is to recombine” [Jacob F. (1977) Science 196:1161–1166]. In the 35 years that have passed since Jacob's insight, we have amassed enough data to actually shed light on many of the molecular mechanisms that enable evolution to create novelty by simply recombining what existed already. In this review, we will succinctly discuss the role that the recombination of protein domains has in the evolution of signaling networks, drawing from examples provided by diverse disciplines, including bioinformatics, systems and synthetic biology, and laboratory evolution. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 65–72, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An academic hospitalist model to improve healthcare worker communication and learner education: Results from a quasi‐experimental study at a veterans affairs medical center
Authors: Saint Sanjay , Fowler Karen E. , Krein Sarah L. , Flanders Scott A. , Bodnar Timothy W. , Young Eric , Moseley Richard H. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUNDAlthough hospitalists may improve efficiency and quality of inpatient care, their effect on healthcare‐worker communication and education has been less well‐studied.OBJECTIVETo test various approaches to improving healthcare‐worker communication and learner education within the context of a newly designed academic hospital medicine program.DESIGNBefore‐and‐after design with concurrent control group.SETTINGA Midwestern Veterans Affairs medical center.INTERVENTIONMultimodal systems redesign of 1 of 4 medical teams (Gold team) that included clinical modifications (change in rounding structure, with inclusion of nurses, a Clinical Care Coordinator, and a pharmacist) and educational interventions (providing explicit expectations of learners and providing a reading list for both learners and attending physicians).MEASUREMENTSNumber of admissions, length of stay, readmissions, house officer and medical student ratings of attendings' teaching, medical student internal medicine National Board of Medical Examiners Subject Examination (“shelf” exam) scores, and clinical staff surveys.RESULTSLength of stay was reduced by about 0.3 days on all teams after the initiative began (P = 0.004), with no significant differences between Gold and non‐Gold teams. The majority of physicians (83%) and nurses (68%) felt that including nurses during rounds improved healthcare‐worker communication; significantly more nurses were satisfied with communication with the Gold team than with the other teams (71% vs 53%; P = 0.02). Gold attendings generally received higher teaching scores compared with non‐Gold attendings, and third‐year medical students on the Gold team scored significantly higher on the shelf exam compared with non–Gold team students (84 vs 82; P = 0.006).CONCLUSIONSAcademic hospitalists working within a systems redesign intervention were able to improve healthcare‐worker communication and enhance learner education without increasing patient length of stay or readmission rates. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:702–710. 2013 The Authors. Journal of Hospital Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Hospital Medicine
ESTIMATING THE IMPACT OF A FINANCIAL CRISIS—COMBINING RAPID QUALITATIVE STUDIES WITH NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEYS
Authors: McCulloch Neil , Grover Amit 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper tests the conclusions of a qualitative study on the impact of the financial crisis on the labour market in Indonesia using evidence from nationally representative labour force surveys from before and after the onset of the crisis. We find that Indonesia weathered the storm rather well: there is no evidence for increased school dropout; labour force participation fell, particularly for young workers, whilst unemployment rose for the young, but fell for workers over 25 years old. Surprisingly, real wages for employees rose during the crisis period, although those in the informal sector did not benefit to the same extent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS ON DEVELOPMENT: WHITHER AFRICA?
Authors: Fosu Augustin Kwasi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe global economic crisis beginning in 2008 has come at an inopportune time for Africa. Economic growth had recovered, poverty had declined, and human development had improved. Then the crisis hit. Growth then fell by 60 per cent. The growth decline has been less than in previous economic crises though. Africa's resilience currently likely results from improvements in economic and political governance and to changes in the external environment. It appears that Africa will once again resume its path towards prosperity. However, although low‐income and ‘fragile’ countries appear to be holding up well, many of them critically depend on external assistance. Above all, the commitment to improved governance must continue. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular interplay among Th17, Th1, and Treg cells in HIV‐1 subtype “C” infection
Authors: Singh Alpana , Vajpayee Madhu , Ali Sharique A. , Chauhan Neeraj Kumar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractCD4 T cell depletion is central to HIV pathogenesis and disease progression. Different subsets of CD4 T cells cooperate to combat an infection. Therefore, the immune balance among Th17, Th1, and Treg cells may be critical in HIV immunopathogenesis which is not adequately defined yet. The impact of HIV‐1 infection on the interplay of Th17/Th1/Treg cells in HIV‐1 infected Indian individuals was examined in the present study and report that HIV‐1 Gag specific peripheral blood Th17 cells were significantly depleted in late infected subjects, compared to early infected subjects and slow progressors. Although, the gradual loss of Th1 cells was also reported during HIV‐1 disease progression but relative to Th17 cells, Th1 cells were found to be more resistant to HIV‐1 infection. Additionally, a significant and progressive gain in Treg cellular frequency was observed as disease progress from early to late stage of HIV‐1 infection. This study also indicate that slow progressors might have an intrinsic capacity to develop strong HIV‐1 specific Th17 and Th1 cell responses contrasted with a faint Treg cellular performance signifies the importance of these cellular subsets in progressive versus nonprogressive HIV‐1 infection. A significant gradual loss of Th17/Treg ratio was found to be associated with disease state, plasma viral load and immune activation. J. Med. Virol. 86:372–384, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infection of human islets of langerhans with two strains of coxsackie B virus serotype 1: Assessment of virus replication, degree of cell death and induction of genes involved in the innate immunity pathway
Authors: Anagandula Mahesh , Richardson Sarah J. , Oberste M. Steven , Sioofy‐Khojine Amir‐Babak , Hyöty Heikki , Morgan Noel G. , Korsgren Olle , Frisk Gun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus is believed to be triggered, in part, by one or more environmental factors and human enteroviruses (HEVs) are among the candidates. Therefore, this study has examined whether two strains of HEV may differentially affect the induction of genes involved in pathways leading to the synthesis of islet hormones, chemokines and cytokines in isolated, highly purified, human islets. Isolated, purified human pancreatic islets were infected with strains of Coxsackievirus B1.Viral replication and the degree of CPE/islet dissociation were monitored. The expression of insulin, glucagon, CXCL10, TLR3, IF1H1, CCL5, OAS‐1, IFNβ, and DDX58 was analyzed. Both strains replicated in islets but only one of strain caused rapid islet dissociation/CPE. Expression of the insulin gene was reduced during infection of islets with either viral strain but the gene encoding glucagon was unaffected. All genes analyzed which are involved in viral sensing and the development of innate immunity were induced by Coxsackie B viruses, with the notable exception of TLR3. There was no qualitative difference in the expression pattern between each strain but the magnitude of the response varied between donors. The lack of virus induced expression of TLR3, together with the differential regulation of IF1H1, OAS1 and IFNβ, (each of which has polymorphic variants influence the predisposition to type 1 diabetes), that might result in defective clearance of virus from islet cells. The reduced expression of the insulin gene and the unaffected expression of the gene encoding glucagon by Coxsackie B1 infection is consistent with the preferential β‐cell tropism of the virus. J. Med. Virol. 86:1402–1411, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GBV‐C viremia and clinical events in advanced HIV infection
Authors: Sahni Harleen , Kirkwood Katherine , Kyriakides Tassos C. , Stapleton Jack , Brown Sheldon T. , Holodniy Mark ,   for OPTIMA Study Team
Published: November 2013

AbstractGB Virus C (GBV‐C) is a non‐pathogenic flavivirus, commonly found in HIV infected patients. Studies suggest a survival benefit of GBV‐C viremia in HIV infection. Impact of GBV‐C viremia was evaluated on clinical outcome in multidrug‐resistant HIV. The OPTIMA study enrolled advanced multidrug‐resistant HIV patients with a CD4 count ≤300 cells/mm3. This study included a subset of OPTIMA patients. Primary endpoints included AIDS events or death. GBV‐C status was assessed at baseline and last time point on study by real‐time PCR. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine if CD4 count (</>100/mm3), treatment assignment, presence or disappearance of GBV‐C viremia, GBV‐C viral load level and Hepatitis C virus antibody status were associated with outcome. Of 288 patients (98% male, baseline mean age 48 years, HIV viral load 4.67 log10/ml, and CD4 127 cells/mm3), 62 (21.5%) had detectable GBV‐C viremia. The mortality rate for GBV‐C infected subjects was lower, 19/62 (30.7%) versus 87/226 (38.5%), and time to death shorter (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.41–1.11), but the results were not significantly different. The time to development of AIDS events was not different (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.52–1.53). Among covariates, only CD4 count (HR 0.28, CI 0.19–0.42) had a significant survival effect. A trend in decreased mortality was seen in GBV‐C+ patients with CD4 <100/mm3 in multivariate analyses. GBV‐C co‐infection in multidrug‐resistant HIV infected patients was associated with a trend in improved survival but not decreased AIDS events. Analysis was limited by cohort size. J. Med. Virol. 86:426–432, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fostering Entrepreneurship in China: A Survey of the Economic Literature
Authors: Milana Carlo , Wang Jinmin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe economic literature can help us find how to foster entrepreneurship in China in order to ensure a sustainable economic growth.Someone asked Confucius ‘Why do you not take part in government?’ The Master replied: ‘The Book of History says, Oh! Simply by being a good son and friendly to his brothers, a man can exert an influence upon government.” In so doing a man is, in fact, taking part in government.’(Confucius, The Anaclets, II.21. Translated by D.C. Lau, 1979)Zeal without knowledge is the sister of folly.(John Davies of Hereford, The Scourge of Folly, 1611)
Comparison of dietary tocotrienols from barley and palm oils in hen's egg yolk: transfer efficiency, influence of emulsification, and effect on egg cholesterol
Authors: Walde Constanze M , Drotleff Astrid M , Ternes Waldemar 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe main component in tocotrienols (T3) from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is α‐T3, the vitamer with the highest bioavailability, while palm oil T3 is particularly rich in γ‐T3. Unlike tocopherols, T3 are known for their cholesterogenesis‐inhibiting, neuroprotective and anticarcinogenic properties. In this study the oral bioavailabilities of T3 from barley oil (3.98 mg day−1) and T3 from palm oil (3.36 mg day−1) in nanoemulsified formulations (NE) and self‐emulsifying systems (SES) were compared using hen's eggs as a bioindicator. In addition, the transfer efficiencies of barley oil T3 and palm oil T3 into egg yolk were compared, as well as their effects on egg cholesterol levels.RESULTSNanoemulsification led to T3 levels (132.9 µg per egg) higher than with non‐emulsified barley oil (112.8 µg per egg) and barley oil SES (116.7 µg per egg) owing to the high proportions of α‐T3 (99–117 µg per egg), which has a particularly high transfer efficiency (4.32–6.75%). T3 contents of eggs from hens fed barley oil supplements (112–132 µg per egg) were significantly higher than those of eggs from hens fed palm oil supplements (70–78 µg per egg). Addition of barley and palm oils to laying hen feed decreased egg yolk cholesterol by 4 and 6% respectively.CONCLUSIONResults from this animal study may help to establish T3 from barley as a dietary supplement and to develop nutritionally improved hen's eggs. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Does the mode of surgical resection affect the prognosis/recurrence in patients with thymoma?
Authors: Nakagawa Kazuo , Asamura Hisao , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Watanabe Shun‐Ichi , Tsuta Koji 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAmong the various controversies in the treatment strategies for patients with thymoma, the optimal mode of resection needs to be defined. To explore whether or not the mode of resection affects the prognosis/recurrence in patients with thymoma, we evaluated the treatment outcome of patients with resected thymoma.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐three nonmyasthenic patients with stage I or II resected thymoma were studied. Patients were divided into two groups: a thymomectomy (resection of thymoma without total thymectomy) group (n = 100) and a thymothymomectomy (resection of thymoma with total thymectomy) group (n = 73). The differences in the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between the two groups were examined.ResultsMyasthenia gravis developed postoperatively in three patients (3%) in the thymomectomy group and in 6 (8%) in the thymothymomectomy group. The 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival rates in the thymomectomy group were 96.7% and 92.2%, and those in the thymothymomectomy group were 94.0% and 86.2%, respectively (P = 0.755). Two patients (2%) in the thymomectomy group and 4 (5%) in the thymothymomectomy group experienced recurrence.ConclusionsThere was no difference in prognosis/recurrence between the two groups. Thymothymomectomy might not always be necessary for nonmyasthenic patients with stage I or II thymoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:179–183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimulation of denervated muscle promotes selective reinnervation, prevents synkinesis, and restores function
Authors: Zealear David L. , Mainthia Rajshri , Li Yike , Kunibe Isamu , Katada Akihiro , Billante Cheryl , Nomura Kenichiro 
Published: November 2013

Objectives/HypothesisPreviously, electrical stimulation of denervated canine laryngeal muscle was shown to promote reinnervation by native over foreign motoneurons. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of different stimulus paradigms on reinnervation quality and functional recovery.Study DesignA prospective study of six canines over 8 to 20 months.MethodsA clinical model of laryngeal paralysis was used, where recurrent laryngeal nerves of the animals were sectioned and ventilation compromised. The abductor, posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles were implanted bilaterally with electrodes from an implantable pulse generator. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups to assess the effect of different stimulus paradigms: 1) 40 pulses per second (pps) train, 2) 10 pps train, 3) no stimulation. Spontaneous vocal fold movement was measured endoscopically during hypercapnia. Exercise tolerance was measured on a treadmill using pulse oximetry. In the terminal session, electromyography (EMG) potentials were recorded during superior laryngeal nerve stimulation to index foreign reinnervation of the PCA by reflex glottic closure (RGC) motoneurons.ResultsAfter reinnervation started, nonstimulated and stimulated 40 pps animals displayed paradoxical closure of the glottis during hypercapnia and severely decreased exercise tolerance due to faulty reinnervation. In contrast, stimulated 10 pps animals displayed minimal paradoxical closure and normal exercise tolerance (12 minutes up to 8 mph). EMG findings in this group demonstrated significantly less PCA reinnervation by foreign RGC motoneurons.ConclusionPCA stimulation with low frequency reduced synkinetic reinnervation by foreign RGC motoneurons. Paradoxical closure of the glottis with inspiration was reduced and exercise tolerance restored to normal.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 124:E180–E187, 2014
Optical coherence tomography as a method to identify parathyroid glands
Authors: Ladurner Roland , Hallfeldt Klaus K.J. , Al Arabi Norah , Stepp Herbert , Mueller Susanna , Gallwas Julia K.S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe identification of parathyroid glands can be a major problem in parathyroid surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in distinguishing between parathyroid tissue, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes, and adipose tissue.MethodsEx vivo OCT images as well as histological sections were generated from parathyroid glands, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes and fat in order to define significant morphologic differences between these entities. As a second step all OCT images were separately evaluated by two blinded investigators and later compared to the corresponding histology. Sensitivity and specificity of OCT in distinguishing between the different tissues were determined. To assess the interobserver agreement, κ coefficients were calculated from the ratings of each investigator for each OCT image seen.ResultsA total of 320 OCT images from 32 patients undergoing thyroid surgery, parathyroidectomy or lymphadenectomy were compared with the corresponding histology. The sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing parathyroid tissue from the other entities was 84% (second investigator: 82%) and 94% (93%) respectively. Unweighted κ using four diagnostic categories was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94–0.99) showing substantial agreement between both investigators.ConclusionOCT is highly sensitive in distinguishing between parathyroid tissue, thyroid tissue, lymph nodes and adipose tissue. These ex vivo results should be confirmed by using OCT imaging intraoperatively. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:654–659, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of the mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cytotoxic effects of the green tea catechin, (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate, in oral cells
Authors: Tao Ling , Forester Sarah C. , Lambert Joshua D. 
Published: November 2013

ScopeThe tea catechin, (–)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), has potential cancer preventive effects. The prooxidant activity of EGCG may play a role in these effects.Methods and resultsHere, we report that EGCG exerted cytotoxic effects against oral cancer cell lines (IC50 = 83–95 μM). EGCG treatment resulted in formation of extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), however, these ROS were rapidly cleared (half‐life = 1.7 h). EGCG treatment increased the production of mitochondrial H2O2 in SCC‐25 cells (0–6 h) before the induction of apoptosis. Subsequently, an opening of the mitochondrial transition pore and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential were observed. The mitochondria‐specific antioxidant, MitoTEMPO, reduced these effects. HGF‐1 human gingival fibrobasts were resistant to EGCG (IC50 > 200 μM) and EGCG‐induced ROS. EGCG induced differential expression of genes related to antioxidant defense in oral cancer cells and gingival fibroblasts: metallothionein 3, superoxide dismutase 2/3, and thioredoxin reductase 2 were downregulated in SCC‐25 cells, but upregulated in HGF‐1 cells.ConclusionWe conclude that induction of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction by EGCG play a role in the inhibition of oral cancer, and that gingival fibroblasts are spared from these effects in part because of a selective induction of antioxidant responsive genes.