bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPORTS AND EXERCISE SAFETY IN FINLAND – LIVE: AN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM TO SPORT CLUBS AND SCHOOLS
Authors: Parkkari J , Jussila AM , Oksanen R , Pasanen K , Kannus P 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundNumber of sports injuries has increased in Finland during the past decades. Today sports injuries are the most common injury type. Especially children and youth are at high risk.ObjectiveThe purpose of the LiVE program is to increase safety of sports and exercise in a nationwide setting.MethodsSports specific injury incidence, risk factors and mechanisms were studied. Two prevention RCT's have been carried out, one among female athletes (Pasanenet al.BMJ2008) and another among army recruits (Parkkariet al.BMC Medicine2011), and finally a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in September 2013 on all randomised controlled intervention trials aiming at the prevention of sports injuries (Leppänenet al.submitted). The effectiveness of following interventions was studied: insoles, external joint supports, training programmes, stretching, protective head equipment, modified shoes, and injury prevention videos.ResultsImplementation of the findings of the above noted studies is now conducted in two nationwide projects; Healthy Athlete (2006-) and Safety in Schools (2010-). The primary target groups are young athletes, their coaches and parents, elementary school pupils and their teachers. Programs main communication channels are websites: www.terveurheilija.fi and www.tervekoululainen.fi. So far, the prevention program has educated over 80 tutors who work in different organisations (e.g. Finnish Ice Hockey Association and Finnish Gymnastic Federation), built up sport safety networks, introduced itself to projects target groups in numerous events, and organized several seminars to improve safety in sports. LiVE websites have attracted 6000-9000 visitors per month each. RE-AIM analyses will be presented during the conference.ConclusionsSuccessful development and implementation of preventive strategies against sports injuries are likely to result in reduction in the absolute number of health problems in sports, decrease in training, work and school absenteeism, and reduction in medical costs.
LOW BACK PAIN IN YOUNG TEAM SPORT PLAYERS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Pasanen K , Rossi M , Heinonen A , Parkkari J , Kannus P 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in general population affecting both genders and almost all age-groups. LBP is a common problem in sports as well, even in younger populations. LBP is prone to recur, thus there is a need for studies on the early phases of the problem in different sports.ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, nature, severity and risk factors of self-reported LBP in young team sport players.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingFinnish female and male basketball, floorball, ice hockey and volleyball teams.ParticipantsThis study is a part of an ongoing cohort study exploring risk factors for sports injuries. Players from 22 teams, a total of 464 young players (16±1.9 years), have been included.Risk factor assessmentPlayers' gender, age, sport and family LBP history were assessed as risk factors.Main outcome measurementsPrevalence of LBP provided by a standardized Nordic questionnaire. LBP was defined: ache, pain or discomfort of lumbar region with or without radiation to one or both legs.Results255 (54.9 %) of all players had suffered LBP during the previous year. 73 (15.7 %) had received medical attention for LBP. 51 players (11.0 %) had suffered over 4 weeks' total duration of pain symptoms during the previous year. 80 (17.2 %) reported missing training because of LBP. Male players had more time-loss from training due to LBP than females. Family history of LBP and higher age were associated with LBP in players.ConclusionsLow back pain is a relatively common complaint in young team sport players. Preventive measures are needed to reduce low back pain in youth sports.
VISUAL ASSESSMENT OF ACL INJURY RISK: CAN EXPERTISE BE ACHIEVED?
Authors: Petushek E , Cokely E , Ward P , Krosshaug T , Myer G 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIdentifying individuals with a high risk for ACL injury is important for injury prevention. Current screening methods exist but rely on expensive and time consuming biomechanical analysis, limiting large scale application.ObjectiveThe aim of this experiment was to investigate observational ACL injury risk assessment performance.DesignIndividual raters viewed 25 frontal plane video clips of female high school athletes performing a drop vertical jump. Five video clips were repeated. The decision task was to rate the athletes risk for an ACL injury on a 10 point scale (1=very low, 10=very high). Concurrent 3D peak knee abduction moment (KAM) was calculated for the video-taped athletes and served as the criterion for ACL injury risk level.SettingRaters viewed the video clips and responded using a computer.ParticipantsA convenience sample of 40 allied health professionals/students served as raters.Risk factor assessmentIn order to perform signal detection analysis on the judgments, ratings greater than 5 were considered high risk.Main outcome measurementsTo assess judgment performance, Spearman rho (ρ), sensitivity (A') and decision bias (BD) were calculated. Intra-rater consistency was assessed by calculating typical error between the 5 repeated video clips. Rater performance was also compared to the ACL Nomogram (KAM prediction model).ResultsCorrelation between continuous KAM and subjective ratings ranged from −0.16 to 0.39 (Nomogram ρ=0.64). However, the best performer (M.S. Physiotherapist) displayed a sensitivity value of 0.85 (BD=0.19) which was similar to the Nomogram measure of 0.97 (BD=−0.48). In general, intra-rater consistency was sufficient with 83% of raters displaying typical error values less than 1.ConclusionsSuperior performance during visual assessment of ACL injury risk appears to be difficult but achievable. Research describing expertise mechanisms is warranted.
HELMET USE AMONG SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA
Authors: Pfister K , Romanow N , Emery C , Meeuwisse W , Nettel-Aguirre A , Hagel B 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThere is little information on ski/snowboard helmet prevalence at ski areas in southern Alberta, with no published reports on correct helmet fit or helmet standards.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of helmet use and correct helmet fit among skiers/snowboarders at an Alberta ski area.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingAn urban ski area in Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsSkiers/snowboarders of all ages.Risk factor assessmentSkiers/snowboarders were interviewed (n=914) and systematically observed (n=2014) at the ski area.Main outcome measurementsHelmet use and correct helmet fit. Prevalence ratios (PR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each outcome separately for interviews and systematic observations.ResultsPreliminary results for helmet use indicate that the likelihood of wearing a helmet is higher for those <13 years old (PR 1.09; 95% CI 1.01–1.17) and for 13–17 year olds (PR 1.13; 95% CI 1.07–1.20) compared with older participants; skiing/snowboarding with adults (PR 1.24; 95% CI 1.11–1.40) vs. alone, and if adult companions were wearing a helmet (PR 3.01; 95% CI 1.71–5.30). Preliminary results for helmet fit indicate that the likelihood of wearing a helmet correctly increases if skiing/snowboarding with adults and children (PR 2.86; 95% CI 1.28–6.36) vs. no companions, and if the child was wearing a helmet (PR 4.45; 95%CI 1.22− 16.28). The likelihood of wearing a helmet correctly was lower for ages 13–17 (PR 0.80; 95% CI 0.69–0.93) compared with 18–54 and for snowboarders (PR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77–0.97) compared with skiers.ConclusionsThis information has the potential to influence policy regarding mandatory helmet use and may be used to educate those with an interest in helmet safety and the public on the use and correct use of a helmet.
DIMINISHED IMPACT ATTENUATION PROPERTIES OF TAEKWONDO AND BOXING HEADGEAR
Authors: Pieter W , O'Sullivan D , Fife G 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundOnly one study reported the impact attenuation of taekwondo headgear. Although Olympic boxing has discontinued the use of head protectors, similarities in designs are suggested to provide a framework for improving taekwondo helmets as a previous report determined poor testing results.ObjectiveTo assess attenuation of taekwondo and boxing headgear.DesignBetween-groups.Setting:Impact biomechanics laboratory.ParticipantsHelmets approved by the World Taekwondo Federation and those by the International Boxing Association.Risk Factor assessementA standardized (ASTM F-2397) martial arts headgear striker was used to impart impacts to a 50thPercentile Male Hybrid III Dummy (Hybrid III) head and neck complex. All impacts were imparted with a terminal striking velocity of 5.0 m/s (max-min=5.15–4.75 m/s). Each headgear model (boxing: Adidas and Green Hills; taekwondo: Adidas and Nike) were fitted to the Hybrid III and impacted a total of 60 times to the left side of the headgear.Main outcome measurementsResultant linear acceleration (RLA).ResultsThere was a significant difference in RLA between helmets (eta2=0.963, 95% CI: 0.881–0.987). Pairwise comparisons showed differences between the taekwondo Nike (129.48±8.18g) and boxing Green Hills helmets (109.48±10.11g) (d=2.19, 95% CI: –4.98–11.05). The boxing Adidas helmet (75.42±9.99g) recorded a higher RLA than its taekwondo counterpart (d=2.09, 95% CI: −6.67–5.82).ConclusionsBoth boxing and taekwondo helmets have a limited lifespan.
BEIGHTON SCORING OF JOINT LAXITY AND INJURY INCIDENCE IN ATHLETIC ADOLESCENT MALES
Authors: Rajeb A , Whiteley R 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe prevalence of Generalised Joint Laxity (GJL) in adolescent male athletes along with its relation to injury incidence in a sporting environment are unknown despite commonly held clinical and coaching beliefs. The degree of joint laxity is often measured using the Beighton scale which quantifies the presence of hyperlaxity in 9 clinically applied physical tests giving a score from 0–9. Two clinical categorisations are described defining GJL as a cut-off score of either 4 or 5/9.PurposeTo prospectively examine the relation between joint laxity and injury in adolescent athletes participating in contact and, non-contact sports.MethodsDuring routine pre-participation medical screening, 226 adolescent male athletes (mean age: 14.2 years SD: 1.7, Range: 10–18) at a Middle Eastern Athletic Academy had Beighton scores documented both as absolute values, and with both classifications. Athletes were considered as playing contact (Football and Combat sports) and Non-contact sports. Over the ensuing year, injuries related to sporting participation were recorded.ResultsThe greatest relative risk for injury was found to be in participating in a contact sport (HRR: 1.58 [95% CI: 1.30–1.92]). Within the entire cohort, there was a very small, non-significant effect of Generalised Joint Laxity on injury incidence; HRR=1.004 (0.95–1.06), and no effect of injury severity according to laxity classification (P>.37).Conclusion:Generalised Joint Laxity is not related to a significantly elevated injury risk, or injury severity for these adolescent male athletes.
THE RUN CLEVER STUDY PROTOCOL: THE DESIGN OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Ramskov D , Sørensen H , Parner E , Nielsen R , Lind M , Rasmussen S 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundWebpages, blogs and various magazines continuously publish “Start to Run” training programs with the purpose of guiding novice runners towards increased running performance and minimizing the risk of sustaining a running-related injury. However, to prescribe correct training guidelines, an understanding of the different training variables' effect on injury development is crucial.ObjectiveThe objective of the RUN-SAFE: Run Clever Study is to investigate the relationship between the emphasis in the training and the development of running-related injuries (RRI).HypothesisUsing a start to run program with a particular focus on distance is assumed to increase the risk of: patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band friction syndrome and patellar tendinopathy. While an emphasis on pace rather than distance is hypothesized to increase the risk of: Achilles tendinopathy, gastrocnemius injuries and plantar fasciitis.DesignRandomized controlled trial with 6-months follow-up including 200 healthy novice runners.Risk factor assessmentParticipants are randomized into one of the following four start to run programs: 1) high intensity/low volume, 2) low intensity/Hhgh volume, 3) high intensity/high volume, 4 ) low intensity/low volume. Training data is gathered using GPS based watches or mobile phones during each training session and uploaded to a web-based training diary (http://www.runsafe.dk).OutcomeThe outcome of interest is RRI. An RRI is defined as any running-related musculoskeletal ailment of the lower extremity or back, causing a restriction of running for at least one week. If a participant is injured, an appointment for clinical examination is made through the online training diary.PerspectivesCurrently the evidence-based knowledge on the relation between training variables and injury development is very limited. Hopefully, the present study provides useful guidelines for all people engaged in running, particularly regarding how to minimize injury risk by modifying training variables.
THE EFFICACY OF COMPREHENSIVE WARM-UP PROGRAM IN MALE ADOLESCENT FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Saho Y , Haruyasu K , Nakahori C , Matsuda T , Nakajo S , Shimada M , Kobayashi T , Fukubayashi T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundFIFA 11+ program has been shown to reduce injury risk in female football players but has not been evaluated in an Asian male adolescent players.ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of the FIFA 11 + on injury risk in a Japanese male adolescent football players.DesignCohort study.Setting6 Japanese U-18 (age: 16–18) and U-15 (age: 13–15) football teams followed for three seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012). The 2010 season, players completed the usual warm-up as control group, whereas the 2011 and 2011 players performed the FIFA 11+ throughout the entire season as intervention group.ParticipantsA total 986 male athletes (age: 12–18 years).InterventionsFIFA 11+program was conducted twice a week or more in entire season in 2010 and 2011.Main outcome measurementsInjury rate during football (match and training), match and training were reported as the number of injuries per 1000 player-hours.ResultsThe injury rate during football, match, and training in the control season were 4.0, 8.9, and 3.4 injuries per 1000 player-hours and 2.0, 4.4, and 1.5 injuries per 1000 player-hours in the intervention season. The intervention season had reductions in relative risk (RR) of game of 29% (RR=0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.664 −0.747), of match of 46% (RR=0.54, 95% CI=0.477–0.611), and of training of 28% (RR=0.72, 95% CI=0.674–0.768). The injury rate of lower extremity was reduced significantly in intervention season compared with control season.ConclusionsThe FIFA 11+ program reduced overall injury risk and lower extremity injury risk in a Japanese male adolescent football players.
EVALUATION OF A NEW QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE FOR THE PREVENTION OF SECONDARY CARTILAGE INJURY IN PATIENTS WITH PCL INSUFFICIENCY: COMPARISON OF TIBIAL MOVEMENT IN PRONE AND SITTING POSITIONS DURING THE EXERCISE
Authors: Sakai T , Koyanagi M , Nakae N , Kimura Y , Sanada Y , Nakamura N , Nakata K 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundQuadriceps strengthening exercise is recommended for patients with PCL insufficiency (PCLI), but posterior sag may occur under the influence of gravity in general leg extension in the sitting position (LES). We hypothesized that leg extension in the prone position (LEP) would be a safe strengthening exercise because the tibia is repositioned in patients with PCLI.ObjectiveTo compare tibial displacement (step off: SO) between LEP and LES, in order to verify the safety of LEP.DesignQuasi-experimental study.SettingControlled laboratory research.Patients6 patients with PCL insufficiency (SO 2.9±1.6 mm).Interventions:LEP and LES were performed for isometricstrengthening with a flexion angle of the knee of 60 degrees and consistent force of knee extension. SO was measured on lateral X-P images of the knee. Differences in tibial movement between LEP and LES were evaluated using a paired t-test (P<0.05).Main outcome measurementSO measured by digitized XP.ResultsAt the start position of LES, the tibia of all subjects was displaced posteriorly, and the tibia moved anteriorly 7.1±3.1 mm upon contraction of the quadriceps. In contrast, at the start position of LEP, the tibia was not displaced posteriorly in any subjects (SO=− 2.9±2.7 mm). Furthermore, there was significantly less anterior movement of the tibia during LEP (2.8±3.5 mm) than during LES (P<.05).ConclusionsSince LES produced excessive anterior movement of the tibia upon contraction of the quadriceps, secondary cartilage injury may occur because of increased compression and shear force. In contrast, the repositioning of the tibia in LEP by gravity indicates it could be a safe quadriceps strengthening exercise for PCL insufficiency.
THE EFFECT OF EDUCATIONAL LECTURE ON REDUCING REINJURY AFTER ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Sato K , Tsuchiya A , Kanisawa I , Takahashi K , Sakai H , Nagamine T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundAlthough anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs have been published, little is known about ACL reinjury prevention after ACL reconstruction. On the other hand, we have held educational lectures for patients before undergoing ACL reconstruction.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if this lecture was effective in reducing the reinjury rate.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingClinical setting with competitive and recreational athletes.Participants452 patients that underwent anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendons in our hospital between 2010 and 2012, participated in this study. Exclusion criteria consisted of bilateral ACL injuries and revision surgery. Two hundred fifty two patients (122 men, 130 women, mean age=27.8 years) who attended the lecture were defined as the intervention group. Two hundred patients (118 men, 82 women, mean age=26.5 years) who didn't attend the lecture were defined as the control group.InterventionKnee anatomy, operative procedure, postoperative rehabilitation, and risk of reinjury were explained in the two hour lecture.Main outcome measuresStandard reinjury rate and the reinjury rate within one year after surgery were investigated and compared between the groups using the chi-square test (P<.05).ResultsReinjury occurred in 8 patients (3.2%) in the intervention group, and 9 patients (4.5%) in the control group. No significant difference between the groups was observed. Reinjury within one year after surgery occurred in 3 patients (1.2%) in the intervention group, and 9 patients (4.5%) in the control group. There was a significant difference between the groups (P=.029).ConclusionAlthough no statistical difference in reinjury rate was observed between groups, the patients who attended the lecture had significantly lower rate of reinjury within one year after surgery than the patients who did not.
YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES HAVE CHANGED CONSIDERABLY IN THE TWO YEARS AFTER BASELINE EVALUATION IN A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Shima Y , Kitaoka K , Nakase J , Goshima K , Takahashi R , Toratani T , Kosaka M , Ohashi Y , Tsuchiya H , Munehiro T , Aiba T 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundA 3-year prospective cohort study has been initiated in Japanese young female handball and basketball players to identify risk factors for non-contact ACL injuries. Although we examined the baseline data of the players at their first year of high school, it raises concern about the use of the individual baseline data as the characteristics of the players (might be identified as a risk factor) in cases where the players get injured during their senior year of high school.ObjectivesTo compare the player's data examined at the first year and the senior year of high school.DesignCase-control study.Participants21 of 84 high school female players (handball: 4 players, basketball: 17 players) who participated in our prospective cohort study.MethodsBody compositions, static balance (locus length per unit area examined by stabilometer), dynamic balance (star excursion balance test; SEBT), isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps strength, isometric hipabduction strength, hamstrings flexibility, knee laxity (KT1000), navicular drop, generalized joint laxity (Beighton index), and psychological-competitive ability (DIPCA-3) were examined.ResultsSignificantly better result of isokinetic hamstrings/quadriceps strength, isometric hip abduction strength, and hamstrings flexibility were found at the senior. Significantly lower result of navicular drop was found at the senior. No significant differences were found between the groups in body compositions, static and dynamic balance, and DIPCA-3. Generalized joint laxity in the senior was significantly higher level of the index than that at the first.ConclusionsDuring two years after baseline evaluation, the players increased their hip and knee strength without matching increases of static and dynamic balance ability. Considering that even generalized joint laxity which assumed to be consistent had changed, careful interpretation is needed to use the baseline data as a risk factor in a prospective cohort study.
BIOMECHANICAL ASYMETRIES AND SPINAL LOADING IN ELIT ROWERS WITH AND WITHOUT LOW BACK PAIN
Authors: Steenman K , Wielaard K , Lezeman H , Hofmijster M , Faber G , Dieen J 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundBeing the first most common site for injury in junior elite (24.2%) and elite rowers (31.8%), low back pain (LBP) prevalence is still increasing. Of the rowers with LBP, 15.8% report LBP to be the reason to end their rowing careers. However, the exact extent of the factors associated with this problem is not well understood, making management and prevention of LBP in elite rowers difficult.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to establish whether spinal loading, mediolateral seat drift, and asymmetry in force generation between left and right legs during an incremental rowing performance was more prominent in rowers with a history of low back pain (LBP) as compared to a control group of rowers without LBP.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingLaboratory setup, elite rowers.PatientsThis study examined forty-two elite rowers (21 with a history of LBP; 21 without).Risk factor assessmentA 3-D motion analysis system was used during an incremental protocol on an instrumented rowing ergometer to measure spinal loading, mediolateral seat drift, and left-right leg force generation.Main outcome measurementsMediolateral seat drift in millimeters, spinal loading in Newton and difference between left and right leg force generation in Newton. T-test and Man Whitney U tests where used to compare data of the two groups.ResultsSignificant differences in mediolateral seat drift were shown between groups in the first two steps of the protocol (step 1: U:130 Z:-2.277 with P=.023; step 2: U:116 Z: −2.629 with P=.09). No significant difference was found in spinal loading or left-right leg force generation.ConclusionsThe greater mediolateral seat drift in rowers with a history of LBP is a start for preventing en managing LBP in elite rowers. But first, future research should focus on the origin of this mediolateral seat drift.