bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of collisions on mode competition between the two-stream and Weibel instabilities
Authors: HUMPHREY K. A. , TRINES R. M. G. M. , SPEIRS D. C. , NORREYS P. , BINGHAM R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present results from numerical simulations conducted to investigate a potential method for realizing the required fusion fuel heating in the fast ignition scheme to achieving inertial confinement fusion. A comparison will be made between collisionless and collisional particle-in-cell simulations of the relaxation of a non-thermal electron beam through the two-stream instability. The results presented demonstrate energy transfer to the plasma ion population from the laser-driven electron beam via the nonlinear wave–wave interaction associated with the two-stream instability. Evidence will also be provided for the effects of preferential damping of competing instabilities such as the Weibel mode found to be detrimental to the ion heating process.
The plasma wake field excitation: Recent developments from thermal to quantum regime
Authors: FEDELE RENATO , TANJIA FATEMA , DE NICOLA SERGIO , JOVANOVIĆ DUŠAN 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTo describe the transverse nonlinear and collective self-consistent interaction of a long relativistic electron or positron beam with an unmagnetized plasma, a pair of coupled nonlinear differential equations were proposed by Fedele and Shukla in 1992 (Fedele, R. and Shukla, P. K. 1992a Phys. Rev. A 45, 4045). They were obtained within the quantum-like description provided by the thermal wave model and the theory of plasma wake field excitation. The pair of equations comprises a 2D Schrödinger-like equation for a complex wave function (whose squared modulus is proportional to beam density) and a Poisson-like equation for the plasma wake potential. The dispersion coefficient of the Schrödinger-like equation is proportional to the beam thermal emittance. More recently, Fedele–Shukla equations have been further applied to magnetized plasmas, and solutions were found in the form of nonlinear vortex states and ring solitons. They have been also applied to plasma focusing problems and extended from thermal to quantum regimes. We present here a review of the original approach, and subsequent developments.
Ferroelectric translational antiphase boundaries in nonpolar materials
Authors: Wei Xian-Kui , Tagantsev Alexander K. , Kvasov Alexander , Roleder Krystian , Jia Chun-Lin , Setter Nava 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFerroelectric materials are heavily used in electro-mechanics and electronics. Inside the ferroelectric, domain walls separate regions in which the spontaneous polarization is differently oriented. Properties of ferroelectric domain walls can differ from those of the domains themselves, leading to new exploitable phenomena. Even more exciting is that a non-ferroelectric material may have domain boundaries that are ferroelectric. Many materials possess translational antiphase boundaries. Such boundaries could be interesting entities to carry information if they were ferroelectric. Here we show first that antiphase boundaries in antiferroelectrics may possess ferroelectricity. We then identify these boundaries in the classical antiferroelectric lead zirconate and evidence their polarity by electron microscopy using negative spherical-aberration imaging technique. Ab initio modelling confirms the polar bi-stable nature of the walls. Ferroelectric antiphase boundaries could make high-density non-volatile memory; in comparison with the magnetic domain wall memory, they do not require current for operation and are an order of magnitude thinner.
The WNK-regulated SPAK/OSR1 kinases directly phosphorylate and inhibit the K+–Cl− co-transporters
Authors: de los Heros Paola , Alessi Dario R. , Gourlay Robert , Campbell David G. , Deak Maria , Macartney Thomas J. , Kahle Kristopher T. , Zhang Jinwei 
Published: January 2014

Precise homoeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl− is achieved via the co-ordinated activities of the Cl− influx and efflux. We demonstrate that the WNK (WNK lysine-deficient protein kinase)-activated SPAK (SPS1-related proline/alanine-rich kinase)/OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1) known to directly phosphorylate and stimulate the N[K]CCs (Na+–K+ ion co-transporters), also promote inhibition of the KCCs (K+–Cl− co-transporters) by directly phosphorylating a recently described C-terminal threonine residue conserved in all KCC isoforms [Site-2 (Thr1048)]. First, we demonstrate that SPAK and OSR1, in the presence of the MO25 regulatory subunit, robustly phosphorylates all KCC isoforms at Site-2 in vitro. Secondly, STOCK1S-50699, a WNK pathway inhibitor, suppresses SPAK/OSR1 activation and KCC3A Site-2 phosphorylation with similar efficiency. Thirdly, in ES (embryonic stem) cells lacking SPAK/OSR1 activity, endogenous phosphorylation of KCC isoforms at Site-2 is abolished and these cells display elevated basal activity of 86Rb+ uptake that was not markedly stimulated further by hypotonic high K+ conditions, consistent with KCC3A activation. Fourthly, a tight correlation exists between SPAK/OSR1 activity and the magnitude of KCC3A Site-2 phosphorylation. Lastly, a Site-2 alanine KCC3A mutant preventing SPAK/OSR1 phosphorylation exhibits increased activity. We also observe that KCCs are directly phosphorylated by SPAK/OSR1, at a novel Site-3 (Thr5 in KCC1/KCC3 and Thr6 in KCC2/KCC4), and a previously recognized KCC3-specific residue, Site-4 (Ser96). These data demonstrate that the WNK-regulated SPAK/OSR1 kinases directly phosphorylate the N[K]CCs and KCCs, promoting their stimulation and inhibition respectively. Given these reciprocal actions with anticipated net effects of increasing Cl− influx, we propose that the targeting of WNK–SPAK/OSR1 with kinase inhibitors might be a novel potent strategy to enhance cellular Cl− extrusion, with potential implications for the therapeutic modulation of epithelial and neuronal ion transport in human disease states.
Working with the Lost Boys
Authors: Min Ye 
Published: January 2014

This paper expresses some personal thoughts about anger management coupled with references to the story of Peter Pan and how aspects of that story could provide insight when working with familial and peer relationships. I have been concerned that anger management in its simplest form can be construed as a ‘cure all' for a client's behavioural problems whereas dramatherapy can unravel the complex story that produced them and allow an embodied response. This article looks at some of the reasons that drew me to connect dramatherapy, anger management and family and peer relationships to the story of Peter Pan and how it has guided my work particularly with one individual case.
Healthcare-Associated Influenza in Canadian Hospitals from 2006 to 2012
Authors: Taylor Geoffrey , Mitchell Robyn , McGeer Allison , Frenette Charles , Suh Kathryn N. , Wong Alice , Katz Kevin , Wilkinson Krista , Amihod Barbara , Gravel Denise ,   Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program
Published: January 2014

Objective.To determine trends, patient characteristics, and outcome of patients with healthcare-associated influenza in Canadian hospitals.Design.Prospective surveillance of laboratory-confirmed influenza among hospitalized adults was conducted from 2006 to 2012. Adults with positive test results at or after admission to the hospital were assessed. Influenza was considered to be healthcare associated if symptom onset was equal to or more than 96 hours after admission to a facility or if a patient was readmitted less than 96 hours after discharge or admitted less than 96 hours after transfer from another facility. Baseline characteristics of influenza patients were collected. Patients were reassessed at 30 days to determine the outcome.Setting.Acute care hospitals participating in the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program.Results.A total of 570 (17.3%) of 3,299 influenza cases were healthcare associated; 345 (60.5%) were acquired in a long-term care facility (LTCF), and 225 (39.5%) were acquired in an acute care facility (ACF). There was year-to-year variability in the rate and proportion of cases that were healthcare associated and variability in the proportion that were acquired in a LTCF versus an ACF. Patients with LTCF-associated cases were older, had a higher proportion of chronic heart disease, and were less likely to be immunocompromised compared with patients with ACF-associated cases; there was no significant difference in 30-day all-cause and influenza-specific mortality.Conclusions.Healthcare-associated influenza is a major component of the burden of disease from influenza in hospitals, but the proportion of cases that are healthcare associated varies markedly from year to year, as does the proportion of healthcare-associated infections that are acquired in an ACF versus an LTCF.
Adductor Canal Block versus Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kim David H. , Lin Yi , Goytizolo Enrique A. , Kahn Richard L. , Maalouf Daniel B. , Manohar Asha , Patt Minda L. , Goon Amanda K. , Lee Yuo-yu , Ma Yan , YaDeau Jacques T. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background:
This prospective double-blinded, randomized controlled trial compared adductor canal block (ACB) with femoral nerve block (FNB) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The authors hypothesized that ACB, compared with FNB, would exhibit less quadriceps weakness and demonstrate noninferior pain score and opioid consumption at 6 to 8 h postanesthesia.

Methods:
Patients received an ACB or FNB as a component of a multimodal analgesic. Quadriceps strength, pain score, and opioid consumption were assessed on both legs preoperatively and at 6 to 8, 24, and 48 h postanesthesia administration. In a joint hypothesis test, noninferiority was first evaluated on the primary outcomes of strength, pain score, and opioid consumption at 6 to 8 h; superiority on each outcome at 6 to 8 h was then assessed only if noninferiority was established.

Results:
Forty-six patients received ACB; 47 patients received FNB. At 6 to 8 h postanesthesia, ACB patients had significantly higher median dynamometer readings versus FNB patients (median [interquartile range], 6.1 kgf [3.5, 10.9] (ACB) vs. 0 kgf [0.0, 3.9] (FNB); P < 0.0001), but was not inferior to FNB with regard to Numeric Rating Scale pain scores (1.0 [0.0, 3.5] ACB vs. 0.0 [0.0, 1.0] FNB; P = 0.019), or to opioid consumption (32.2 [22.4, 47.5] ACB vs. 26.6 [19.6, 49.0]; P = 0.0115). At 24 and 48 h postanesthesia, there was no significant statistical difference in dynamometer results, pain scores, or opioid use between the two groups.

Conclusion:
At 6 to 8 h postanesthesia, the ACB, compared with the FNB, exhibited early relative sparing of quadriceps strength and was not inferior in both providing analgesia or opioid intake.
Sedation Using Propofol Induces Similar Diaphragm Dysfunction and Atrophy during Spontaneous Breathing and Mechanical Ventilation in Rats
Authors: Bruells Christian S. , Maes Karen , Rossaint Rolf , Thomas Debby , Cielen Nele , Bergs Ingmar , Bleilevens Christian , Weis Joachim , Gayan-Ramirez Ghislaine 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background:
Mechanical ventilation is crucial for patients with respiratory failure. The mechanical takeover of diaphragm function leads to diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy (ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction), with an increase in oxidative stress as a major contributor. In most patients, a sedative regimen has to be initiated to allow tube tolerance and ventilator synchrony. Clinical data imply a correlation between cumulative propofol dosage and diaphragm dysfunction, whereas laboratory investigations have revealed that propofol has some antioxidant properties. The authors hypothesized that propofol reduces markers of oxidative stress, atrophy, and contractile dysfunction in the diaphragm.

Methods:
Male Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were subjected to either 24 h of mechanical ventilation or were undergone breathing spontaneously for 24 h under propofol sedation to test for drug effects. Another acutely sacrificed group served as controls. After sacrifice, diaphragm tissue was removed, and contractile properties, cross-sectional areas, oxidative stress, and proteolysis were examined. The gastrocnemius served as internal control.

Results:
Propofol did not protect against diaphragm atrophy, oxidative stress, and protease activation. The decrease in tetanic force compared with controls was similar in the spontaneous breathing group (31%) and in the ventilated group (34%), and both groups showed the same amount of muscle atrophy. The gastrocnemius muscle fibers did not show atrophy.

Conclusions:
Propofol does not protect against ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction or oxidative injury. Notably, spontaneous breathing under propofol sedation resulted in the same amount of diaphragm atrophy and dysfunction although diaphragm activation per se protects against ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. This makes a drug effect of propofol likely.
Nuclear export signal within CALM is necessary for CALM‐AF10‐induced leukemia
Authors: Suzuki Mai , Yamagata Kazutsune , Shino Mika , Aikawa Yukiko , Akashi Koichi , Watanabe Toshio , Kitabayashi Issay 
Published: January 2014

The CALM–AF10 fusion gene, which results from a t(10;11) translocation, is found in a variety of hematopoietic malignancies. Certain HOXA cluster genes and MEIS1 genes are upregulated in patients and mouse models that express CALM‐AF10. Wild‐type clathrin assembly lymphoid myeloid leukemia protein (CALM) primarily localizes in a diffuse pattern within the cytoplasm, whereas AF10 localizes in the nucleus; however, it is not clear where CALM‐AF10 acts to induce leukemia. To investigate the influence of localization on leukemogenesis involving CALM‐AF10, we determined the nuclear export signal (NES) within CALM that is necessary and sufficient for cytoplasmic localization of CALM‐AF10. Mutations in the NES eliminated the capacity of CALM‐AF10 to immortalize murine bone‐marrow cells in vitro and to promote development of acute myeloid leukemia in mouse models. Furthermore, a fusion of AF10 with the minimal NES can immortalize bone‐marrow cells and induce leukemia in mice. These results suggest that during leukemogenesis, CALM‐AF10 plays its critical roles in the cytoplasm.
Experimental infection of brown‐marbled grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Forskal), with Vibrio parahaemolyticus identifies parvalbumin beta‐2 subunit I, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, nattectin and immunoglobulin light chain, differentially expressed in resistant grouper
Authors: Low C‐F , Nor Shamsudin M , Abdullah M , Chee H‐Y , Aliyu‐Paiko M 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe mechanisms through which brown‐marbled grouper accomplishes resistance to infection, particularly against Vibrios, are not yet fully understood. In this study, brown‐marbled grouper fingerlings were experimentally infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, to identify disease resistance grouper, and the serum proteome profiles were compared between resistant and susceptible candidates, via two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). The results showed that putative parvalbumin beta‐2 subunit I, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, nattectin and immunoglobulin light chain proteins were among proteins that significantly overexpressed in the resistant fish as compared to the susceptible group of fish, whereas apolipoprotein E and immunoglobulin light chain proteins were observed to be differentially overexpressed in the susceptible fish. Further analysis by peptide sequencing revealed that the immunoglobulin light chain proteins identified in the resistant and susceptible groups differed in amino acid composition. Taken together, the results demonstrated for the first time that putative parvalbumin beta‐2 subunit I, alpha‐2‐macroglobulin, nattectin and immunoglobulin light chain are among important proteins participating to effect disease resistance mechanism in fish and were overexpressed to function collectively to resist V. parahaemolyticus infection. Most of these molecules are mediators of immune response.
Leaf surface wax is a source of plant methane formation under UV radiation and in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Bruhn D. , Mikkelsen T. N. , Rolsted M. M. M. , Egsgaard H. , Ambus P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe terrestrial vegetation is a source of UV radiation‐induced aerobic methane (CH4) release to the atmosphere. Hitherto pectin, a plant structural component, has been considered as the most likely precursor for this CH4 release. However, most of the leaf pectin is situated below the surface wax layer, and UV transmittance of the cuticle differs among plant species. In some species, the cuticle effectively absorbs and/or reflects UV radiation. Thus, pectin may not necessarily contribute substantially to the UV radiation‐induced CH4 emission measured at surface level in all species. Here, we investigated the potential of the leaf surface wax itself as a source of UV radiation‐induced leaf aerobic CH4 formation. Isolated leaf surface wax emitted CH4 at substantial rates in response to UV radiation. This discovery has implications for how the phenomenon should be scaled to global levels. In relation to this, we demonstrated that the UV radiation‐induced CH4 emission is independent of leaf area index above unity. Further, we observed that the presence of O2 in the atmosphere was necessary for achieving the highest rates of CH4 emission. Methane formation from leaf surface wax is supposedly a two‐step process initiated by a photolytic rearrangement reaction of the major component followed by an α‐cleavage of the generated ketone.
Heart rate, startle response, and intrusive trauma memories
Authors: Chou Chia‐Ying , Marca Roberto La , Steptoe Andrew , Brewin Chris R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe current study adopted the trauma film paradigm to examine potential moderators affecting heart rate (HR) as an indicator of peritraumatic psychological states and as a predictor of intrusive memories. We replicated previous findings that perifilm HR decreases predicted the development of intrusive images and further showed this effect to be specific to images rather than thoughts, and to detail rather than gist recognition memory. Moreover, a group of individuals showing both an atypical sudden reduction in HR after a startle stimulus and higher trait dissociation was identified. Only among these individuals was lower perifilm HR found to indicate higher state dissociation, fear, and anxiety, along with reduced vividness of intrusions. The current findings emphasize how peritraumatic physiological responses relate to emotional reactions and intrusive memory. The moderating role of individual difference in stress defense style was highlighted.
Telomere repeat binding proteins are functional components of Arabidopsis telomeres and interact with telomerase
Authors: Procházková Schrumpfová Petra , Vychodilová Ivona , Dvořáčková Martina , Majerská Jana , Dokládal Ladislav , Schořová Šárka , Fajkus Jiří 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAlthough telomere‐binding proteins constitute an essential part of telomeres, in vivo data indicating the existence of a structure similar to mammalian shelterin complex in plants are limited. Partial characterization of a number of candidate proteins has not identified true components of plant shelterin or elucidated their functional mechanisms. Telomere repeat binding (TRB) proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana bind plant telomeric repeats through a Myb domain of the telobox type in vitro, and have been shown to interact with POT1b (Protection of telomeres 1). Here we demonstrate co‐localization of TRB1 protein with telomeres in situ using fluorescence microscopy, as well as in vivo interaction using chromatin immunoprecipitation. Classification of the TRB1 protein as a component of plant telomeres is further confirmed by the observation of shortening of telomeres in knockout mutants of the trb1 gene. Moreover, TRB proteins physically interact with plant telomerase catalytic subunits. These findings integrate TRB proteins into the telomeric interactome of A. thaliana.
Data Transmission System of Rotating Electric Field Mill Network Using Microcontroller and GSM Module
Authors: Nawawi Zainuddin , Abu Bakar Sidik Muhammad , Boon Kean Mook , Ahmad Hussein , Buntat Zolkafle , Ahmad Noor Azlinda , Jambak Muhammad ‘Irfan 
Published: January 2014

Lightning is an environmental phenomena that cause many fatalities and property destructions in Malaysia since the country is located in the high isokeraunic area. To reduce the fatalities an alert system should be developed. The alert system can consist of several Rotating Electric Field Mill sensors which are installed in spread. Data from the sensors must be gathered in a data centre building for observation, analysis, and triggering an alert signal. Therefore, the objective of this work is to develop a data transmission system by using a wireless method. The wireless data transmission system consists of a microcontroller, voltage divider, and GSM module. Hardware and software development is carried out to achieve the objective. Furthermore, to test the transmission system a function generator is connected to the analog digital converter input of the microcontroller. By varying the magnitude of the function generator output an observation on data transmission is carried out. It is found that the magnitude of receiving data which is displayed on the website is exactly the same with the sent data. In here in lab wireless data transmission system devices and a website to observe the transmitted data from Rotating Electric Field Mill sensors has been successfully developed.
Atmospheric Electric Field Data Logger System
Authors: Sidik Muhammad Abu Bakar , Che Mohd Shukri Nuru Saniyyati , Ahmad Hussein , Buntat Zolkafle , Bashir Nouruddeen , Zulardiansyah Arief Yanuar , Nawawl Zainuddin , Jambak Muhammad 'Irfan 
Published: January 2014

Weather can be unpredictable as there are a lot of uncertainties in predicting thunderstorms. Most of our navigation systems, including those on air, land and water, as well as broadcasting systems, are directly affected by the weather on a daily basis. The inconsistent and unreliable nature of storms brings out the importance of research in atmospheric electric field data logging systems. This paper presents a study to develop a virtual instrument with the capability to analyse and store the magnitude (data) of atmospheric electric fields. The study was carried out using a LabVIEW virtual instrument and tested using data acquisition (DAQ) and a function generator. The developed virtual instrument consists of waveform chart, tabulated data, and histogram for real time observation. Moreover, it has feature to save and recall data for further analysis.