bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel nucleotide mutation leading to a recurrent amino acid alteration in SH3BP2 in a patient with cherubism
Authors: Sangu Noriko , Shimosato Tsuyoshi , Inoda Hirosato , Shimada Shino , Shimojima Keiko , Ando Tomohiro , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCherubism is a rare genetic disorder characterized by progressive facial deformity caused by non‐neoplastic bone lesions in the mandible and/or the maxilla. Src homology‐3 binding protein 2 gene (SH3BP2) has been found to be the responsible gene, with alterations in six amino acids noted in patients with this condition. Recently, mutations in this domain have been found to cause stabilization of SH3BP2 by uncoupling with tankyrase. In this study, we identified a new 2‐bp mutation that led to a recurrent amino acid change in a sporadic case of cherubism. Our findings indicate that it is important to understand the pattern of progress in typical cherubism.
Effect of glacial acetic acid pre‐treatment of cervical liquid‐based cytology specimens on the molecular detection of human papillomavirus
Authors: Moore C. , Cuschieri K. , McQueen F. , Duvall E. , Graham C. , Cubie H. A. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveCytology laboratories routinely treat cervical liquid‐based cytology (LBC) specimens that are heavily contaminated with blood with glacial acetic acid (GAA) in order to lyse red blood cells and facilitate assessment. However, the impact on downstream human papillomavirus (HPV) detection is not well understood. This study examines the effect of GAA pre‐treatment of ThinPrep® Preservcyt® specimens on the molecular detection of HPV.MethodsA panel of 150 routinely collected cervical LBC specimens was tested with two commercial HPV tests, the Abbott RealTime High Risk HPV test (rtHPV) and the Qiagen Hybrid Capture 2 High Risk HPV DNA test (HC2), as aliquots before and after GAA treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using McNemars test and Bland and Altman plots.ResultsAgreement between the results of the rtHPV test on GAA‐untreated and GAA‐treated specimens was 95.7%, with no evidence of a significant difference in the distribution of the discrepant results (P = 0.414). HC2 test agreement on GAA‐untreated and GAA‐treated specimens was 91% at a cut‐off of 1 relative light unit index (RLUI) and 92% at a cut‐off of 2 RLUI. There was no evidence of a difference in the distribution of discordant results at a cut‐off of 1 (P = 0.405) and 2 RLUI (P = 0.564).ConclusionsGAA pre‐treatment of cervical ThinPrep Preservcyt LBC specimens had little effect on the two commercial HPV tests used in this study. The impact of GAA treatment on HPV testing should, however, be validated for all HPV tests and all LBC collection media used in each particular diagnostic setting.
Are environmental transitions more prone to biological invasions?
Authors: van Rensburg Berndt J. , Hugo Sanet , Levin Noam , Kark Salit 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo examine whether at a subcontinental‐scale ecotonal areas of transition between vegetation communities are at higher risk of plant invasion.LocationSouth Africa and Lesotho.MethodsUsing plant data on native and established alien species in South Africa, we examined the relationship between plant richness (native and alien) in each grid cell (quarter‐degree resolution) in the study area and the distance of the grid cell to the nearest ecotone between vegetation communities. We used a residual analysis to estimate each grid cell's relative invasibility (i.e. susceptibility to invasion) relative to its ecotone distance. We further explored the relative importance of ecotones in relation to large‐scale environmental variation, and the importance of ecotonal spatial heterogeneity, in structuring alien species richness patterns.ResultsBoth alien and native richness patterns become higher with declining distance to ecotones, suggesting that transitional environments are more susceptible to invasion than areas located farther away; however, levels of invasibility vary across South Africa. The negative relationship between ecotone distance and alien species richness remained negative and significant for the whole of South Africa, grassland and Nama‐Karoo, after controlling for environmental variables. Several sources of environmental heterogeneity, which were shown here to be associated with ecotones, were also found to be important determinants of alien species richness.Main conclusionsWhile most of the current conservation efforts at the regional and global scales are currently directed to distinct ecosystems, our results suggest that much more effort should be directed to the transitions between them, which are small in size and have high native richness, but are also under greater threat from invasive alien species. Understanding how alien species richness and invasibility change across transitions and sharp gradients, where environmental heterogeneity is high, is important for ongoing conservation planning in a biogeographical context.
Comparison of independent and combined metabolic effects of chronic treatment with (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 and long‐acting GLP‐1 and GIP mimetics in high fat‐fed mice
Authors: Irwin N. , Hunter K. , Montgomery I. A. , Flatt P. R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe incretin hormones, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) are gastrointestinal peptides with important physiological effects. However, rapid enzymatic degradation results in short‐lived biological actions.MethodsThis study has examined metabolic actions of exendin‐4, GIP[mPEG] and a novel CCK‐8 analogue, (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 as enzymatically stable forms of GLP‐1, GIP and CCK, respectively.ResultsAll peptides significantly (p < 0.01–p < 0.001) stimulated insulin secretion from BRIN BD11 cells, and acute in vivo experiments confirmed prominent antihyperglycaemic and insulinotropic responses to GLP‐1 or GIP receptor activation in normal mice. Twice daily injection of (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 alone and in combination with exendin‐4 or GIP[mPEG] in high fat‐fed mice significantly decreased accumulated food intake (p < 0.05–p < 0.01), body weight gain (p < 0.05–p < 0.01) and improved (p < 0.05) insulin sensitivity in high fat‐fed mice. However, there was no evidence for superior effects compared to (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 alone. Combined treatment of (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 and exendin‐4 resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lowered circulating glucose levels and improved (p < 0.05) intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. These effects were superior to either treatment regime alone but not associated with altered insulin concentrations. A single injection of (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8, or combined with exendin‐4, significantly (p < 0.05) lowered blood glucose levels 24 h post injection in untreated high fat‐fed mice.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential of (pGlu‐Gln)‐CCK‐8 alone and in combination with incretin hormones for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Overwintering strategy of endoparasitoids in Chilo suppressalis: a perspective from the cold hardiness of a host
Authors: Quan Wei‐Li , Zheng Xia‐Lin , Li Xin‐Xin , Zhou Xing‐Miao , Ma Wei‐Hua , Wang Xiao‐Ping 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough parasitoids ultimately kill their host, koinobiont parasitoids must protect not only themselves but also their hosts against extreme environments. In this study, the parasitism rate of Chilo suppressalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated, and the average body weights, supercooling points, and concentrations of glycerol (acting as a cryoprotectant) in the hemolymph were compared between parasitized and non‐parasitized larvae. Five species of koinobiont endoparasitoids parasitized the overwintering C. suppressalis larvae and the total parasitism rate was 47.6% (n = 1 537). Average body weight of parasitized larvae was significantly lower than that of non‐parasitized larvae, and the parasitism rate of the lighter group (20–30 mg) was highest. The supercooling point of parasitized C. suppressalis larvae (−15.7 ± 0.3 °C) was significantly lower than that of the non‐parasitized larvae (−14.3 ± 0.2 °C). In addition, supercooling points were not correlated with body weights between parasitized and non‐parasitized larvae, indicating that cold hardiness of parasitized larvae was enhanced by endoparasitoids. Furthermore, the concentration of glycerol in the hemolymph was significantly higher in parasitized larvae (205.0 ± 7.1 μmol ml−1) than in non‐parasitized larvae (169.8 ± 14.4 μmol ml−1), which suggests that the mechanism that decreases the supercooling point of parasitized larvae was associated with glycerol. All these results indicated that the cold hardiness of parasitized C. suppressalis larvae was enhanced by their endoparasitoids, which benefitted overwintering endoparasitoids.
Effect of glutamate receptor antagonists on migrating neural progenitor cells
Authors: Jansson Linda C. , Louhivuori Lauri , Wigren Henna‐Kaisa , Nordström Tommy , Louhivuori Verna , Castrén Maija L. , Åkerman Karl E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNeurotransmitters such as glutamate are potential regulators of neurogenesis. Interference with defined glutamate receptor subtypes affects proliferation, migration and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The cellular targets for the actions of different glutamate receptor ligands are less well known. In this study we have combined calcium imaging, measurement of membrane potential, time‐lapse imaging and immunocytochemistry to obtain a spatial overview of migrating mouse embryonic neural progenitor cell‐derived cells responding to glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists. Responses via metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 correlated with radial glial cells and dominated in the inner migration zones close to the neurosphere. Block of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 resulted in shorter radial glial processes, a transient increase in neuron‐like cells emerging from the neurosphere and increased motility of neuron‐like cells. α‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptors are present on the majority of migrating neuronal cells, which with time accumulate at the outer edge of the migration zone. Blocking these receptors leads to an enhanced extension of radial glial processes and a reduced motility of neuron‐like cells. Our results indicate that functional glutamate receptors have profound effects on the motility of neural progenitor cells. The main target for metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 appears to be radial glial cells while AMPA/kainate receptors are mainly expressed in newborn neuronal cells and regulate the migratory progress of these cells. The results suggest that both metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 and AMPA/kainate receptors are of importance for the guidance of migrating embryonic progenitor cells.
Reproductive success of the Argentine anchovy, Engraulis anchoita, in relation to environmental variability at a mid‐shelf front (Southwestern Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Marrari Marina , Signorini Sergio R. , McClain Charles R. , Pájaro Marcelo , Martos Patricia , Viñas María Delia , Hansen Jorge , Dimauro Roxana , Cepeda Georgina , Buratti Claudio 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe mid‐shelf front (MSF) of the Buenos Aires province continental shelf in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean plays a central role in the pelagic ecosystem of the region acting as the main spring reproductive area for the northern population of the Argentine anchovy Engraulis anchoita and supporting high concentrations of chlorophyll as well as zooplankton, the main food of anchovy. To investigate the influence of environmental variability on the reproductive success of E. anchoita, we analyzed a 13‐yr time series (1997–2009) of environmental data at MSF including chlorophyll dynamics, as well as zooplankton composition and abundance, ichthyoplankton distributions, and recruitment of E. anchoita. Spring chlorophyll concentrations showed high interannual variability and were mainly influenced by changes in water temperature and vertical stratification, which in turn control nutrient supply to the surface. Chlorophyll dynamics (magnitude, timing, and duration of the spring bloom) explained most of the variability observed in E. anchoita recruitment, most likely via fluctuations in the availability of adequate food for the larvae. Our results suggest that satellite ocean color products can be valuable tools for understanding variability in ecosystem dynamics and its effects on the recruitment of fish.
3. INDIGENOUS EMPIRES AND NATIVE NATIONS: BEYOND HISTORY AND ETHNOHISTORY IN PEKKA HÄMÄLÄINEN'S THE COMANCHE EMPIRE
Authors: JACOBY KARL 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTHow should historians write Native history? To what extent should one privilege Native terms, sources, chronologies, and epistemologies? And to what extent should historians align Native history with concepts developed for other peoples and places? These crucial questions about emic (insider) and etic (outsider) approaches to the past are cast into sharp relief in Pekka Hämäläinen's award‐winning The Comanche Empire. This essay charts the perils and possibilities of each position. It then explores possible ways to move beyond the emic/etic division that has dominated many of the recent debates about Native history through a rereading of an episode in which Comanche history collides with US and Mexican history.
5. IMPERIAL SPACES IN PEKKA HÄMÄLÄINEN'S THE COMANCHE EMPIRE
Authors: ST. JOHN RACHEL 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis review focuses on Pekka Hämäläinen's characterization and analysis of the Comanche empire as a spatial category in The Comanche Empire and discusses how this work relates to broader discussions about space and power in borderlands and imperial histories. Although empires have long been central actors in borderlands histories, “empire” has not necessarily been a category of spatial organization and analysis and certainly not one used to describe spaces controlled by Native peoples. By contrast, while Hämäläinen emphasizes the imperial characteristics of the economic, political, and cultural dimensions of Comanche history (as other contributors to this forum discuss), he also uses “empire” to characterize Comanche dominance spatially. Hämäläinen helps us to rethink the spatial dynamics that both shaped and were produced by the encounters between Comanches and Spaniards, French, Mexicans, Americans, and other Native peoples in the Great Plains during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. By analyzing how Comanches came to control vast stretches of the southern plains, The Comanche Empire challenges our assumptions about how Native polities and imperial powers (and groups like the Comanches that Hämäläinen argues were both) thought about territorial claims and how they employed more nuanced spatial strategies to assert their authority, extend their cultural influence, and control trade and resources.
Fluorescent prey traps in carnivorous plants
Authors: Kurup R. , Johnson A. J. , Sankar S. , Hussain A. A. , Kumar C. Sathish , Sabulal B. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCarnivorous plants acquire most of their nutrients by capturing ants, insects and other arthropods through their leaf‐evolved biological traps. So far, the best‐known attractants in carnivorous prey traps are nectar, colour and olfactory cues. Here, fresh prey traps of 14 Nepenthes, five Sarracenia, five Drosera, two Pinguicula species/hybrids, Dionaea muscipula and Utricularia stellaris were scanned at UV 366 nm. Fluorescence emissions of major isolates of fresh Nepenthes khasiana pitcher peristomes were recorded at an excitation wavelength of 366 nm. N. khasiana field pitcher peristomes were masked by its slippery zone extract, and prey capture rates were compared with control pitchers. We found the existence of distinct blue fluorescence emissions at the capture spots of Nepenthes, Sarracenia and Dionaea prey traps at UV 366 nm. These alluring blue emissions gradually developed with the growth of the prey traps and diminished towards their death. On excitation at 366 nm, N. khasiana peristome 3:1 CHCl3–MeOH extract and its two major blue bands showed strong fluorescence emissions at 430–480 nm. Masking of blue emissions on peristomes drastically reduced prey capture in N. khasiana pitchers. We propose these molecular emissions as a critical factor attracting arthropods and other visitors to these carnivorous traps. Drosera, Pinguicula and Utricularia prey traps showed only red chlorophyll emissions at 366 nm.
Three‐dimensional power Doppler and endometrial volume as predictors of malignancy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Makled Ahmed K. , Elmekkawi Sherif F. , El‐Refaie Tamer A. , El‐Sherbiny Mohammed A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 3D power Doppler angiography (3D‐PDA) for distinguishing between benign endometrial lesions and endometrial carcinoma in patients with postmenopausal bleeding (PMB).Material and MethodsOne‐hundred and fifty women with PMB and an endometrial thickness (ET) of ≥4 mm on 2D sonography were assessed by 3D‐PDA before endometrial sampling to obtain definitive histological diagnosis of endometrial pathology. Endometrial volume (EV), vascularity index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularity‐flow index (VFI) were calculated by computer‐aided analysis.ResultsOf the 150 women, 114 (76%) had benign endometrial lesions and 36 (24%) had endometrial carcinoma. Patients with endometrial carcinoma had significantly thicker endometrium (15.8 ± 7.7 vs 9.9 ± 5.9 mm; P < 0.001), larger EV (9.1 ± 4.7 vs 2.6 ± 3.5 mL, P < 0.001) and higher 3D‐PDA indices (P < 0.001) than patients with benign endometrial lesions. The best variable for distinguishing between benign and malignant endometrium was VI, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86. In contrast, the ET had an AUC of only 0.62. The best‐fit logistic regression model for the diagnosis malignancy contained only VI as an independent factor (P = 0.002).Conclusion3D‐PDA measurements may be useful for distinguishing between benign endometrial lesions and endometrial carcinoma in patients with postmenopausal bleeding.
The Effect of Data Inaccuracy on Tests of Space‐Time Interaction
Authors: Malizia Nicholas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSpace‐time event data are often subject to deficiencies in: (1) locational accuracy; (2), temporal accuracy; and (3) completeness. This work explores how these failings in the quality of input data may affect the results of global space‐time interaction tests. While previous work has partially investigated the impact of locational inaccuracy on the results of these tests, more work remains. The impacts of temporal inaccuracy and incomplete data reporting on the results of these tests remain completely unexplored. This study examines the influence of these problems individually and collectively, using a series of simulations. Findings demonstrate that even in cases of slight inaccuracy or underreporting, the consequences on results are potentially severe. Although the study is couched in terms of data inaccuracy, its relevance to situations where inaccuracy is replaced with uncertainty is self‐evident.
An eye for a tooth
Authors: Kiderman Alexander , Tair Jawad A. A. 
Published: February 2013

Objective:  To propose a possible link between dental extraction and intra‐ocular complications.Background:  Several publications in medical literature describe intra‐ocular complications after different dental procedures.Results:  Retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage following dental extraction with an appropriate anesthesia.Conclusion:  Systemic complications following dental treatments should not be neglected and proper medical treatment must be provided as soon as possible.
Development of the NIH PROMIS® Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Flynn Kathryn E. , Lin Li , Cyranowski Jill M. , Reeve Bryce B. , Reese Jennifer Barsky , Jeffery Diana D. , Smith Ashley Wilder , Porter Laura S. , Dombeck Carrie B. , Bruner Deborah Watkins , Keefe Francis J. , Weinfurt Kevin P. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We describe the development and validation of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® Sexual Function and Satisfaction (PROMIS® SexFS; National Institutes of Health) measures, version 1.0, for cancer populations.

Aim
To develop a customizable self-report measure of sexual function and satisfaction as part of the U.S. National Institutes of Health PROMIS Network.

Methods
Our multidisciplinary working group followed a comprehensive protocol for developing psychometrically robust patient-reported outcome measures including qualitative (scale development) and quantitative (psychometric evaluation) development. We performed an extensive literature review, conducted 16 focus groups with cancer patients and multiple discussions with clinicians, and evaluated candidate items in cognitive testing with patients. We administered items to 819 cancer patients. Items were calibrated using item-response theory and evaluated for reliability and validity.

Main Outcome Measures
The PROMIS SexFS measures, version 1.0, include 81 items in 11 domains: Interest in Sexual Activity, Lubrication, Vaginal Discomfort, Erectile Function, Global Satisfaction with Sex Life, Orgasm, Anal Discomfort, Therapeutic Aids, Sexual Activities, Interfering Factors, and Screener Questions.

Results
In addition to content validity (patients indicate that items cover important aspects of their experiences) and face validity (patients indicate that items measure sexual function and satisfaction), the measure shows evidence for discriminant validity (domains discriminate between groups expected to be different) and convergent validity (strong correlations between scores on PROMIS and scores on conceptually similar older measures of sexual function), as well as favorable test–retest reliability among people not expected to change (interclass correlations from two administrations of the instrument, 1 month apart).

Conclusions
The PROMIS SexFS offers researchers a reliable and valid set of tools to measure self-reported sexual function and satisfaction among diverse men and women. The measures are customizable; researchers can select the relevant domains and items comprising those domains for their study.
Efficacy of grapefruit, tangerine, lime, and lemon oils as solvents for softening gutta‐percha in root canal retreatment procedures
Authors: Jantarat Jeeraphat , Malhotra Warunee , Sutimuntanakul Supachai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimIn the present study, we evaluate the efficiency of four kinds of oil as solvents for softening gutta‐percha in root canal retreatment procedures. The performance of grapefruit, tangerine, lime, and lemon oils specifically were evaluated and compared to chloroform.MethodsEighty‐four cylinder‐shaped glass tubes (5 × 30 mm) were filled with gutta‐percha. A total of 0.1 mL solvent was added to the upper part of the glass tubes. After 5 min, the spreader attached to the universal testing machine was moved downward through gutta‐percha with header speed of 5 mm/min into a depth of 5 mm. An initial depth of spreader penetration without force produced was recorded in millimeters. The load used to penetrate the spreader into the 5‐mm depth was recorded in Newton.ResultsThe results of the surface‐dissolving depth and maximum force used to penetrate the spreader to 5 mm revealed that chloroform was significantly the best solvent in softening gutta‐percha (P < 0.05), followed by grapefruit oil and tangerine oil, while the least effective solvents were lime oil and lemon oil.ConclusionsUnder the conditions of the present study, grapefruit oil and tangerine oil performed best as gutta‐perch solvents among four natural oils.