bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chylothorax Complicating Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Liu Chao‐Yu , Hsu Po‐Kuei , Huang Chien‐Sheng , Sun Yung‐Han , Wu Yu‐Chung , Hsu Wen‐Hu 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground
Chylothorax is an infrequent but well‐known complication in lung cancer surgery. Previous published studies on this topic are limited, and thoracotomy has been the main surgical approach for treatment. However, chylothorax after lung cancer surgery performed solely by video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has rarely been investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate chylothorax after VATS for lung cancer.MethodsThe records of 776 patients with primary non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent VATS for pulmonary resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND) at our hospital from January 2010 to August 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty patients with chylothorax (2.58 %) were included in the analysis.ResultsThe 20 patients with chylothorax were all treated conservatively, but five patients (25 %) subsequently required reoperation for chylothorax. In patients with pleural drainage of less than 400 ml the first postoperative day, the chylothorax resolved with conservative treatment. Chylothorax also resolved in patients with pleural drainage of more than 400 ml the first or second postoperative day if drainage was less than 400 ml on postoperative day 4 and thereafter. Reoperations were required in cases with an increasing amount of pleural drainage on postoperative day 4 and thereafter.ConclusionsMost of the chylothorax following VATS for lung cancer can be treated conservatively. However, the timing of surgical intervention for chylothorax following VATS for lung cancer can be earlier if pleural drainage does not show a trend toward decreasing with conservative treatment.
Magic Moment? Maternal Marriage for Children Born Out of Wedlock
Authors: Gibson-Davis Christina 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
To test the existence of the “magic moment” for parental marriage immediately post-birth and to inform policies that preferentially encourage biological over stepparent marriage, this study estimates the incidence and stability of maternal marriage for children born out of wedlock. Data came from the National Survey of Family Growth on 5,255 children born nonmaritally. By age 15, 29 % of children born nonmaritally experienced a biological-father marriage, and 36 % experienced a stepfather marriage. Stepfather marriages occurred much later in a child’s life—one-half occurred after the child turned age 7—and had one-third higher odds of dissolution. Children born to black mothers had qualitatively different maternal marriage experiences than children born to white or Hispanic mothers, with less biological-parent marriage and higher incidences of divorce. Findings support the existence of the magic moment and demonstrate that biological marriages were more enduring than stepfather marriages. Yet relatively few children born out of wedlock experienced stable, biological-parent marriages as envisioned by marriage promotion programs.
Global stability analysis of flow through a fusiform aneurysm: steady flows
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shyam Sunder , Pier Benoît , Biesheuvel Arie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe global linear stability of steady axisymmetric flow through a model fusiform aneurysm is studied numerically. The aneurysm is modelled as a Gaussian-shaped inflation on a vessel of circular cross-section. The fluid is assumed to be Newtonian, and the flow far upstream and downstream of the inflation is a Hagen–Poiseuille flow. The model aneurysm is characterized by a maximum height $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H$ and width $W$, non-dimensionalized by the upstream vessel diameter, and the steady flow is characterized by the Reynolds number of the upstream flow. The base flow through the model aneurysms is determined for non-dimensional heights and widths in the physiologically relevant ranges $0.1 \leq H \leq 1.0$ and $0.25 \leq W \leq 2.0$, and for Reynolds numbers up to 7000, corresponding to peak values recorded during pulsatile flows under physiological conditions. It is found that the base flow consists of a core of relatively fast-moving fluid, surrounded by a slowly recirculating fluid that fills the inflation; for larger values of the ratio $H/W$, a secondary recirculation region is observed. The wall shear stress (WSS) in the inflation is vanishingly small compared to the WSS in the straight vessels. The global linear stability of the base flows is analysed by determining the eigenfrequencies of a modal representation of small-amplitude perturbations and by looking at the energy transfer between the base flow and the perturbations. Relatively shallow aneurysms (of relatively large width) become unstable by the lift-up mechanism and have a perturbation flow which is characterized by stationary, growing modes. More localized aneurysms (with relatively small width) become unstable at larger Reynolds numbers, presumably by an elliptic instability mechanism; in this case the perturbation flow is characterized by oscillatory modes.
Dominance of the semi-wild honeybee as coffee pollinator across a gradient of shade-tree structure in Ethiopia
Authors: Samnegård Ulrika , Hambäck Peter A. , Nemomissa Sileshi , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: July 2014

Abstract:Mass-flowering plant species are often pollinated by social bees that are able to use the abundant resource by recruiting workers from their colonies. In this study we surveyed pollinators on the mass-flowering perennial crop coffee (Coffea arabica) in its native range in Ethiopia. Previous studies in areas where coffee is introduced often find the social honeybee, Apis mellifera, to be the dominant pollinator. In those areas, the bee-species composition visiting coffee varies with a higher bee diversity closer to forest or in less modified habitats. We surveyed pollinators of coffee under different shade-tree structures, by collecting hoverflies and bees landing on coffee flowers in 19 sites in south-west Ethiopia. We found the native honeybee (A. mellifera) to be the dominant visitor of coffee flowers in all sites. Honeybee abundance was not affected by the local shade-tree structure, but was positively affected by the amount of coffee flower resources. Other pollinators were positively affected by complex shade-tree structures. To conclude, the honeybee is clearly the dominant pollinator of coffee in Ethiopia along the whole shade-tree structure gradient. Its high abundance could be a consequence of the provision of traditional bee hives in the landscape, which are colonized by wild swarming honeybees.
Inhibition of apoptotic Bax translocation to the mitochondria is a central function of parkin
Authors: Charan R A , Johnson B N , Zaganelli S , Nardozzi J D , LaVoie M J 
Published: July 2014

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1–3% of the population over 65. Mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase parkin are the most common cause of autosomal recessive PD. The parkin protein possesses potent cell-protective properties and has been mechanistically linked to both the regulation of apoptosis and the turnover of damaged mitochondria. Here, we explored these two functions of parkin and the relative scale of these processes in various cell types. While biochemical analyses and subcellular fractionation were sufficient to observe robust parkin-dependent mitophagy in immortalized cells, higher resolution techniques appear to be required for primary culture systems. These approaches, however, did affirm a critical role for parkin in the regulation of apoptosis in primary cultured neurons and all other cells studied. Our prior work demonstrated that parkin-dependent ubiquitination of endogenous Bax inhibits its mitochondrial translocation and can account for the anti-apoptotic effects of parkin. Having found a central role for parkin in the regulation of apoptosis, we further investigated the parkin-Bax interaction. We observed that the BH3 domain of Bax is critical for its recognition by parkin, and identified two lysines that are crucial for parkin-dependent regulation of Bax translocation. Last, a disease-linked mutation in parkin failed to influence Bax translocation to mitochondria after apoptotic stress. Taken together, our data suggest that regulation of apoptosis by the inhibition of Bax translocation is a prevalent physiological function of parkin regardless of the kind of cell stress, preventing overt cell death and supporting cell viability during mitochondrial injury and repair.
Medium‐voltage level dynamic voltage restorer compensation strategy by positive and negative sequence extractions in multiple reference frames
Authors: Chen Guodong , Zhu Miao , Cai Xu 
Published: July 2014

This paper presents a new compensation strategy based on the instantaneous reactive power theory which can be used in the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). This strategy uses a multiple DQ transformation with separation modules to extract the positive and the negative sequence components from the fundamental and the harmonic waves so as to analyse and adjust each component separately. As a result of this new strategy, the dynamic response and the tracking accuracy are improved and the fluctuations of the DQ components are decayed. To verify its effectiveness, a cascade DVR simulation model has been built in MATLAB/SINMULINK and a series of simulations have been performed. The results show that the DVR is competent to make a better compensation with this new strategy in the case of the complex conditions such as sags, harmonics and unbalances. The compensation strategy is tested by a 10 kV/500 kVA voltage drop generator test rig and the experimental results validate that the strategy can improve the dynamic response and obtain a high accuracy in both the dynamic and the steady states. Therefore the strategy has potential engineering application values.
Translation of tobacco control programs in schools: findings from a rapid review of systematic reviews of implementation and dissemination interventions
Authors: Wolfenden L. , Carruthers J. , Wyse R. , Yoong S. 
Published: July 2014

Issue addressedSchool‐based programs targeting the prevention of tobacco use are a key strategy for reducing the overall tobacco‐related mortality and morbidity in the community. While substantial research investment has resulted in the identification of various effective tobacco prevention interventions in schools, this research investment will not result in public health benefits, unless effectively disseminated and implemented. This rapid review aimed to identify effective implementation or dissemination interventions, targeting the adoption of school‐based tobacco prevention programs.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify published systematic reviews that examined the effectiveness of implementation and dissemination strategies for facilitating the adoption of tobacco policies or programs in schools from 1992 to 2012.ResultsThe search yielded 1028 results, with one relevant systematic review being identified. The review included two controlled studies examining the implementation and dissemination of tobacco prevention programs and guidelines. The two randomised trials examined the delivery of active face‐to‐face training to implement a school‐based curriculum compared with video‐delivered or mail‐based training. Improvements in the implementation of the programs were reported for the faceto‐face training arm in both trials.ConclusionsLittle rigorous evidence exists to guide the implementation and dissemination of tobacco prevention programs in schools.So what?Few systematic reviews exist to inform the implementation of evidence‐based tobacco prevention programs in schools. In the absence of a strong evidence base, health care policymakers and practitioners may need to draw on setting‐based frameworks or parallel evidence from other settings to design strategies to facilitate the adoption of tobacco prevention initiatives.
Plasma Volume Expansion with 5% Albumin Compared to Ringer’s Acetate during Normal and Increased Microvascular Permeability in the Rat
Authors: Bansch Peter , Statkevicius Svajunas , Bentzer Peter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background:
It is believed that the effectiveness of colloids as plasma volume expanders is dependent on the endothelial permeability for macromolecules. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the plasma volume expanding effect of 5% albumin relative to that of a crystalloid solution is reduced if microvascular permeability is increased.

Methods:
A control group was resuscitated with either 5% albumin (8 ml/kg) or Ringer’s acetate (36 ml/kg) immediately after a hemorrhage of 8 ml/kg (n = 29). In a second group, permeability was increased by inducing sepsis through cecal ligation and incision (n = 28). Three hours after cecal ligation and incision, the animals were resuscitated with either 5% albumin in a ratio of 1:1 relative to the volume of lost plasma, or Ringer’s acetate in a ratio of 4.5:1.

Results:
In the hemorrhage group, plasma volumes at 15 min after resuscitation with albumin or Ringer’s acetate had increased by 9.8 ± 2.6 ml/kg (mean ± SD) and 7.4 ± 2.9 ml/kg and were similar at 2 and 4 h. Plasma volume 3 h after cecal ligation and incision had decreased by approximately 7 ml/kg, and at 15 min after resuscitation with albumin or Ringer’s acetate it had increased by 5.7 ± 2.9 and 2.4 ± 3.0 ml/kg, respectively (P < 0.05). At 2 and 4 h after resuscitation, plasma volumes did not differ between the groups.

Conclusion:
This study does not support the hypothesis that the plasma-volume-expanding effect of albumin relative to that of crystalloids is decreased under conditions characterized by increased permeability.
Comparison of Bioactivities of Talactoferrin and Lactoferrins From Human and Bovine Milk
Authors: Jiang Rulan , Du Xiaogu , Lönnerdal Bo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron‐binding glycoprotein present in high concentration in human milk. It is a pleiotropic protein and is involved in diverse bioactivities, such as stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, immune competence, antimicrobial activities, anti‐infection, and anticancer activities. Lf has been shown to be partly resistant to proteolysis in the gastrointestinal tract and may thus play important roles in the intestine and liver during infancy. Talactoferrin alfa (TLf) is a recombinant human Lf shown to protect against sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis as well as cancer. Because bovine Lf (bLf) and human Lf have different amino acid composition and all 3 Lfs differ in glycosylation, they may have different functions/potency. The objective of the present study was to investigate and compare bioactivities of TLf and Lfs from human and bovine milk and thus to provide a better understanding of the bioactivities of different forms of Lf and their potential applications.Methods:In the present study, Caco‐2 and C3A cells were used as intestine and liver models to evaluate internalization of Lfs by intestine and liver cells, effects of Lfs on cell proliferation and differentiation, growth of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 20 (CCL20) secretion, and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 expression. In addition, HT‐29 cells were used as a colon cancer cell model to examine the effects of Lfs on apoptosis.Results:All Lfs significantly enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation, apoptosis, CCL20 secretion, and TGF‐β1 expression. They also markedly suppressed growth of EPEC. Compared with bLf, TLf showed stronger effects on suppression of EPEC growth and enhancement of TGF‐β1 secretion, whereas bLf exhibited more potent effects on cell differentiation, apoptosis, and CCL20 secretion.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that TLf has several bioactivities similar to human Lf and bLf from milk and may play critical roles in immune and intestinal development in infants as well as having anti‐cancer activities in adults. TLf and bLf may be used for different applications owing to their various potencies. TLf may preferentially be used for anti‐bacterial applications, whereas bLf may be used for cancer therapy because it exhibits stronger effects on CCL20 secretion, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.
Modeling Cellular Information Processing Using a Dynamical Approximation of Cellular mRNA
Authors: Alicea Bradly 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHow does the regulatory machinery of an animal cell ensure its survival during large-scale biochemical and phenotypic transitions? When a cell is strongly perturbed by an environmental stimulus, it can either die or persist with compensatory changes. But what do the dynamics of individual genes look like during this process of adaptation? In a previous technical paper, two approaches (drug treatments and polysome isolation) were used in tandem to demonstrate the effects of perturbation on cellular phenotype. In this paper, we can use these data in tandem with a discrete, first-order feedback model that incorporates leaky components to better characterize adaptive responses of mRNA regulation related to information processing in the cell. By evaluating the dynamic relationship between mRNA associated with transcription (translatome) and mRNA associated with the polysome (transcriptome) at multiple timepoints, hypothetical conditions for decay and aggregation are found and discussed. Our feedback model allows for the approximation of fluctuations and other aspects of cellular information processing, in addition to the derivation of three information processing principles. These results will lead us to a better understanding of how mRNA provides variable information over time to the complex intracellular environment, particularly in the context of large-scale phenotypic change.
A solution to the biodiversity paradox by logical deterministic cellular automata
Authors: Kalmykov Lev V. , Kalmykov Vyacheslav L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe paradox of biological diversity is the key problem of theoretical ecology. The paradox consists in the contradiction between the competitive exclusion principle and the observed biodiversity. This principle was formulated incorrectly because of limitations of the traditional black-box models of interspecific competition. The principle is very important as the basis for understanding evolutionary processes. Our white-box multiscale models are based on logical deterministic individual-based cellular automata. This approach allows to provide an automatic deductive inference on the basis of a system of axioms and to get a direct holistic insight into the studied system. It is one of the most promising methods of artificial intelligence. Here on simplest models we show a mechanism of competitive coexistence which violates the known formulations of the competitive exclusion principle. We reformulate and generalize the competitive exclusion principle and explain why our formulations provide a solution of the biodiversity paradox. In addition, we propose a principle of competitive coexistence.Graphical abstract
Reproduction and mode of delivery in women with vaginismus or localised provoked vestibulodynia: a Swedish register‐based study
Authors: Möller L , Josefsson A , Bladh M , Lilliecreutz C , Sydsjö G 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo compare sociodemographics, parity and mode of delivery between women diagnosed with vaginismus or localised provoked vestibulodynia (LPV) to women without a diagnosis before first pregnancy.DesignRetrospective, population‐based register study.SettingSweden.SampleAll women born in Sweden 1973–83 who gave birth for the first time or remained nulliparous during the years 2001–09.MethodsNationally linked registries were used to identify the study population. Women diagnosed with vaginismus or LPV were compared to all other women. Odds ratios for parity and mode of delivery were calculated using multinominal regression analysis and logistic regression.Main outcome measuresParity and mode of delivery.ResultsWomen with vaginismus/LPV were more likely to be unmarried (P = 0.001), unemployed (P = 0.012), have a higher educational level (P < 0.001), a lower body mass index (P < 0.001) and use nicotine during pregnancy (P = 0.008). They were less likely to give birth (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.61, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.56–0.67). Women with vaginismus/LPV more often delivered by caesarean section (P < 0.001) especially for maternal request (adjusted OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.45–4.39). In women having vaginal delivery, those with vaginismus/LPV were more likely to suffer a perineal laceration (adjusted OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.56–2.25).ConclusionsWomen with vaginismus/LPV are less likely to give birth and those that do are more likely to deliver by caesarean section and have a caesarean section based upon maternal request. Those women delivering vaginally are more likely to suffer perineal laceration. These findings point to the importance of not only addressing sexual function in women with vaginismus/LPV but reproductive function as well.
Limonoid derivatives and its pesticidal activities
Authors: Park Eun Sil , Bae In Kyung , Jeon Hwang Ju , Lee Sung‐Eun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDiverse pesticidal activities of anthothecol derived from Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae) and three limonoids (gedunin, limonin and obacunone) were determined using six phytopathogenic fungi and four insect pests. Anthothecol showed fungicidal activity to Puccinia recondita with control rates of 90, 76 and 53% at concentrations 0.5, 0.25 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively, while the other limonoids exhibited little inhibitory effect on the fungal survival. The currently used fungicide mancozeb possessed potent fungicidal activity on P. recondite, with 92.3% controlling effect at a concentration of 0.005 mg/mL. Anthothecol exhibited larvicidal activity to Plutella xylostella with 80, 50 and 30% mortality at concentrations of 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Anthothecol showed selective pesticidal activity on P. recondita and P. xylostella. Structural re‐examination of anthothecol was conducted and is reported.
Membrane fatty acid composition and fluidity are involved in the resistance to freezing of Lactobacillus buchneri R1102 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175
Authors: Louesdon Séverine , Charlot‐Rougé Séverine , Tourdot‐Maréchal Raphaëlle , Bouix Marielle , Béal Catherine 
Published: July 2014

SummaryDeterminations of membrane fatty acid composition and fluidity were used together with acidification activity and viability measurements to characterize the physiological state after freezing of Lactobacillus buchneri R1102 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 cells harvested in the exponential and stationary growth phases. For both strains, lower membrane fluidity was achieved in cells harvested in the stationary growth phase. This change was linked to a lower unsaturated‐to‐saturated fatty acid ratio for both strains and a higher cyclic‐to‐saturated fatty acid ratio for L. buchneri R1102 alone. These membrane properties were linked to survival and to maintenance of acidification activity of the cells after freezing, which differed according to the strain and the growth phase. Survival of B. longum R0175 was increased by 10% in cells with low membrane fluidity and high relative saturated fatty acid contents, without any change in acidification activity. Acidification activity was more degraded (70 min) in L. buchneri R1102 cells displaying low membrane fluidity and high saturated and cyclic fatty acid levels. Finally, this study showed that membrane modifications induced by the growth phase differed among bacterial strains in terms of composition. By lowering membrane fluidity, these modifications could be beneficial for survival of B. longum R0175 during the freezing process but detrimental for maintenance of acidification activity of L. buchneri R1102.