bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial Displacement Calcaneal Osteotomy Using Minimally Invasive Technique
Authors: Kheir Ehab , Borse Vishal , Sharpe Jon , Lavalette David , Farndon Mark 
Published: October 2014

Background: Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy is a common procedure often used as part of pes planovalgus deformity correction. Traditionally the osteotomy is performed using a direct lateral or extended lateral approach, which may carry the risk of wound problems, infection and neurovascular injury. The authors describe a minimally invasive technique to perform the osteotomy and achieve the desired correction. The article illustrates our experience and learning curve with the use of this technique as an option for calcaneal osteotomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of a sequential series of patients since 2011 whose calcaneal osteotomies were performed by 2 surgeons, after cadaveric training using a minimally invasive operative approach. Prior to 2011, similar surgeries, performed by the senior authors, were undertaken using a direct lateral approach. Thirty cases were identified; 29 had tibialis posterior reconstruction coupled with calcaneal osteotomy for acquired flexible planovalgus deformity and 1 patient had surgery for a malunited calcaneal fracture. Results: Radiological and clinical union occurred in all 30 cases (100%). The radiographs of all cases were reviewed by a specialist musculoskeletal radiologist. There were no neurovascular or wound complications. All patients had restoration of neutral hindfoot alignment. One patient required screw removal after union, resolving all symptoms. Conclusion: This series suggests that minimally invasive calcaneal osteotomy surgery can achieve excellent union rates aiding correction of deformity with no observed neurovascular or soft tissue complications. For surgeons experienced in open surgery, there is a short learning curve after appropriate training. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Operative Results of Periprosthetic Fractures of The Distal Femur In A Single Academic Unit
Authors: Leino O. K. , Lempainen L. , Virolainen P. , Sarimo J. , Pölönen T. , Mäkelä K.T. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Aims: Periprosthetic supracondylar fractures after total knee arthroplasty are often associated with poor bone stock, fracture comminution, and loose components. Current operative methods include plating, intramedullary nailing, and re-arthroplasty, depending on the fracture type. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of operatively treated periprosthetic supracondylar fractures at our institute with special interest on the use of strut grafts in association with plating. Materials and Methods: In all, 68 patients were included in the study. They had been treated operatively due to a periprosthetic supracondylar fracture at our center between 2000 and 2010. The data of these patients were retrospectively collected from the electronic patient archives. Fractures with a fixed prosthesis component were treated using internal fixation provided that there was enough bone for osteosynthesis in the distal fracture fragment (39 patients). Fractures with a loose prosthesis component were treated using re-arthroplasty (29 patients). The demographics of the two treatment groups did not differ statistically significantly. Death or any re-operation was chosen as the endpoint of follow-up. Cumulative survival percentages were estimated for each treatment group. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups regarding clinical outcome. Clinical outcome was not assessable in nine patients. A positive clinical outcome was reported in 52 cases (88.1%). The survival of both laminofixation and re-arthroplasty was 75% at 3 years, but the survival of laminofixated fractures with strut graft was 80% compared to that of 51% without strut grafts. In all, 16 patients (24%) had a post-operative surgical site complication: seven infections (10%), six non-unions (15%), and three patellar dislocations (11%). Conclusions: Post-operative surgical site complications were relatively common in these mainly elderly female patients. The survival percentages of the re-arthroplasty and laminofixation groups were similar. The use of strut grafts in association with plating may decrease re-operation rate.
Does kidney transplantation to iliac artery deteriorate ischemia in the ipsilateral lower extremity with peripheral arterial disease?
Authors: Northcutt Ashley , Zibari Gazi , Tan Tze-Woei , Coulter Amy H , Zhang Wayne W 
Published: October 2014

Objectives This study was conducted to investigate the progression of lower extremity ischemia following kidney transplantation to iliac artery in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Methods A retrospective chart review of all renal transplant patients completed at a university teaching medical center from January 2006 to December of 2011 was performed. A total of 219 patients underwent successful kidney transplantation to the common, external, or internal iliac artery. Pre- and post-transplantation ischemic changes in the ipsilateral lower extremity were reviewed and analyzed. Results Thirty-eight of the 219 patients had ipsilateral peripheral arterial disease and seven of them were symptomatic. Six of the seven symptomatic patients remained stable and one patient’s rest pain improved, postoperatively. Eight patients developed new symptoms of ischemia 12 months later, including four with claudication, two with ischemic ulcers, and two with gangrene toes. The ulcers were healed following superficial femoral artery stenting and wound care. Toe amputation was performed in two patients with gangrene. No major amputation was required up to 48 months of follow-up. Conclusions Transplanted kidney to iliac artery does not significantly deteriorate ischemia in adults with ipsilateral lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. Late developed ischemic complications may be due to the progression of underlying arterial disease.
Revising the negative meaning of chronic pain – A phenomenological study
Authors: Ojala Tapio , Häkkinen Arja , Karppinen Jaro , Sipilä Kirsi , Suutama Timo , Piirainen Arja 
Published: October 2014

Objectives Chronic pain may disable the body, depress the mind and ruin the quality of life. The aim of this study was to use the participants’ personal experiences to explore the meaning of the experience of chronic pain and to find successful ways to manage chronic pain. Methods Thirty-four participants with chronic pain were interviewed. The transcribed interviews were analysed using Giorgi’s phenomenological method consisting of four phases: (1) reading the transcriptions several times, (2) discriminating meaning units, (3) collecting meaning units into groups and (4) the synthesis. Results The participants stated that the key to managing chronic pain was to reconsider the individual meaning of the experience of pain. As a result of the interviews, seven subthemes were found based on the ‘Negativity of chronic pain’, namely, ‘State of reflection’, ‘Reconsidering values’, ‘Acceptance of pain’, ‘Support network’, ‘Altered self’, ‘Joys in life’ and ‘Pain dissociation’. Conclusions Pain is an aversive sensation, which leads to the conclusion that the meaning of the experience is also negative, but it can be reversed. In clinical practice, the focus should be on revising the subjective meaning of pain in order to manage pain and to restore positivity in personal life.
Correlation between total vitamin D levels and psychotic psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia: therapeutic implications for add-on vitamin D augmentation
Authors: Yüksel Rabia Nazik , Altunsoy Neslihan , Tikir Baise , Cingi Külük Merve , Unal Kubranur , Goka Sema , Aydemir Cigdem , Goka Erol 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the implicated factors in ethio-pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Low serum vitamin D levels have been reported in many schizophrenia studies. However, the question is still not answered: Is there a correlation between disease activity and serum vitamin D levels? This is the first study evaluating the relationship between serum total vitamin D levels and disease activity, by comparing total vitamin D levels in two schizophrenia groups abruptly different in terms of disease activity. Methods: 41 patients with schizophrenia in remission, 40 patients with schizophrenia those in an acute episode and 40 age- and sex -matched controls with no major psychopatology were recruited in this study. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression – Severety scale (CGI-S) were used to evaluate disease activity. A demographic data form that included entries on age, gender, ethnicity, weight, skin color, daily duration of sun exposure and nutritional assessment were used. Blood samples were taken from all patients and controls. Total vitamin D (D2+D3), calcium, phosphor, parathyroid hormone values were measured. Results: Patients in an acute episode had significantly lower vitamin D levels compared to patients in remission and to healthy controls (in terms of median values respectively, 7.18, 15.03, 15.02, p < 0.001). We observed negative and moderate correlations between vitamin D levels and CGI scores ( r = −0.624, p < 0.001), vitamin D levels and PANNS scores ( r = −0.508, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of serum P, Ca and PTH levels ( p = 0.099, p = 0.943, p = 0.762). We could not detect any significant impact of weekly duration of sun exposure, skin color, ethnicity or nutrition on total vitamin D levels. Conclusions: Even though important factors for vitamin D synthesis were similar, there was severe vitamin D deficiency in patients presenting with an acute episode, significantly different from those in remission. Is vitamin D deficiency the result or the cause of an acute episode? Our results contribute to the idea that vitamin D deficiency and schizophrenia may have interactions with an unknown pathway. Present data points out a possible influence at a genomic level. Future trials may investigate this association with longer follow up. We recommend that, serum vitamin D levels should be measured in patients with schizophrenia especially in long term care. Appropriate further treatment with add-on vitamin D supplements and diets that are rich in vitamin D should be considered.
Noncovalent stabilization of the factor VIII A2 domain enhances efficacy in hemophilia A mouse vascular injury models
Authors: Leong Lilley , Sim Derek , Patel Chandra , Tran Katherine , Liu Perry , Ho Elena , Thompson Thomas , Kretschmer Peter J. , Wakabayashi Hironao , Fay Philip J. , Murphy John E. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Increasing FVIIIa by stabilizing the A2 domain association enhances its function in vitro and in vivo in hemophilia. Stabilized FVIIIa improved efficacy in several vascular injury models, including laser injury, in which it was particularly effective.
Global transcriptome analysis and enhancer landscape of human primary T follicular helper and T effector lymphocytes
Authors: Weinstein Jason S. , Lezon-Geyda Kimberly , Maksimova Yelena , Craft Samuel , Zhang Yaoping , Su Mack , Schulz Vincent P. , Craft Joseph , Gallagher Patrick G. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsTranscriptomes and enhancers of human CD4+ Tfh and non-Tfh T effector cells reveal cell type–specific differences. These data are a significant resource for understanding mechanisms of normal and perturbed Tfh cell function.
Functional factor XIII-A is exposed on the stimulated platelet surface
Authors: Mitchell Joanne L. , Lionikiene Ausra S. , Fraser Steven R. , Whyte Claire S. , Booth Nuala A. , Mutch Nicola J. 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsFactor XIII-A is exposed in protruding caps on the activated platelet surface. Platelet FXIII-A exerts antifibrinolytic function by cross-linking α2AP to fibrin.
Rituximab plus liposomal doxorubicin in HIV-infected patients with KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Uldrick Thomas S. , Polizzotto Mark N. , Aleman Karen , Wyvill Kathleen M. , Marshall Vickie , Whitby Denise , Wang Victoria , Pittaluga Stefania , O’Mahony Deirdre , Steinberg Seth M. , Little Richard F. , Yarchoan Robert 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsRituximab plus liposomal doxorubicin is active and tolerated in patients with symptomatic KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease. This is a safe and effective initial regimen for concurrent symptomatic KSHV-associated multicentric Castleman disease and Kaposi sarcoma.
The effect of pristine carbon-based nanomaterial on the growth of green gram sprouts and pH of water
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Zhou Zhihua , Lu Dejiong , Dong Xinwei , Xu Minghan , Wei Liangming , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We examined the toxicity of four carbon-based nanomaterials (unmodified) by using carbon quantum dots (CQDs), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene oxide (GO), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to cultivate bean sprout. Results showed that the toxicity of these four carbon nanomaterials increases with the increasing of concentration and cultivating time. In addition, pH test was applied to study the effect of carbon-based nanomaterials on water. pH of culture solution displayed unconspicuous dose-dependent, but nanomaterials indeed have a considerable impact on the pH even at low concentration.
Characterization of Actinomycetes and Trichoderma spp. for cellulase production utilizing crude substrates by response surface methodology
Authors: Pirzadah Tanveer , Garg Shashank , Singh Joginder , Vyas Ashish , Kumar Manish , Gaur Naseem , Bala Madhu , Rehman Reiaz , Varma Ajit , Kumar Vivek , Kumar Manoj 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLaboratory bench scaling was done and an average of 1.85 fold increase by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimization was obtained. It was found that the predicted value (4.96 IU/ml) obtained by RSM is in close accordance with observed activity 5.14 IU/ml. Endoglucanases are mainly induced by CMC while Wheat bran (natural substrate) exoglucanase is more active when induced by avicel and cellulose. Addition of substrate beyond a level caused inhibition of cellulase production. The molecular weight of protein as determined by SDS-PAGE is very similar to molecular weight of cellulase ofTrichoderma viride(T. viride) cellulase andTrichoderma reesei(T. reesei) endoglucanase.T. reeseiβ-glucosidase has high enzymatic activity on CMC substrate when compared withT. virideβ-glucosidase. Secondary structure analysed by using Circular Dichroism confirmed that composition of celluase system is very similar to other analysed species. The cellulase was found to be active in pH range of 4.8-5.5; while temperature range varied from 50°C to 70°C. Although the enzymatic activity produced by mutants were lesser than the parent, but in one case mutants ofTrichodermareesei’s BGL has shown higher activity on cellulose.
Biomarker Analyses in CLEOPATRA: A Phase III, Placebo-Controlled Study of Pertuzumab in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive, First-Line Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Baselga José , Cortés Javier , Im Seock-Ah , Clark Emma , Ross Graham , Kiermaier Astrid , Swain Sandra M. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose To explore the prognostic and/or predictive value of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) pathway–related biomarkers in the phase III CLEOPATRA study of pertuzumab plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel versus placebo plus trastuzumab plus docetaxel as first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods Mandatory tumor and serum samples were collected (N = 808; 58% to 99.8% were assessable), and amphiregulin, betacellulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha, EGF receptor, HER2, HER3, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, PTEN, phosphorylated AKT, PIK3CA, CMYC, serum HER2 extracellular domain (sHER2), and FCγR were assessed using appropriate assays. Two types of correlations were investigated using univariable Cox regression: predictive effects (qualitative association of biomarkers with pertuzumab progression-free survival [PFS] benefit) and prognostic effects independent of treatment arm (relationship of each biomarker to clinical outcome in both arms pooled). Results Pertuzumab consistently showed a PFS benefit, independent of biomarker subgroups (hazard ratio < 1.0), including estrogen receptor–negative and –positive subgroups. High HER2 protein, high HER2 and HER3 mRNA levels, wild-type PIK3CA, and low sHER2 showed a significantly better prognosis (P < .05). PIK3CA showed the greatest prognostic effect, with longer median PFS for patients whose tumors expressed wild-type versus mutated PIK3CA in both the control (13.8 v 8.6 months) and pertuzumab groups (21.8 v 12.5 months). Conclusion Through comprehensive prospective analyses, CLEOPATRA biomarker data demonstrate that HER2 is the only marker suited for patient selection for the trastuzumab plus pertuzumab–based regimen in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. HER2, HER3, and PIK3CA were relevant prognostic factors.
Tumor Marker Usage and Medical Care Costs Among Older Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Henry N. Lynn , Gralow Julie R. , Mirick Dana K. , Barlow William , Etzioni Ruth , Mummy David , Thariani Rahber , Veenstra David L. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeAlthough American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines discourage the use of tumor marker assessment for routine surveillance in nonmetastatic breast cancer, their use in practice is uncertain. Our objective was to determine use of tumor marker tests such as carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 15-3/CA 27.29 and associated Medicare costs in early-stage breast cancer survivors.MethodsBy using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare records for patients diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer between 2001 and 2007, tumor marker usage within 2 years after diagnosis was identified by billing codes. Logistic regression models were used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with use of tumor markers. To determine impact on costs of care, we used multivariable regression, controlling for other factors known to influence total medical costs.ResultsWe identified 39,650 eligible patients. Of these, 16,653 (42%) received at least one tumor marker assessment, averaging 5.7 tests over 2 years, with rates of use per person increasing over time. Factors significantly associated with use included age at diagnosis, diagnosis year, stage at diagnosis, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and urban/rural status. Rates of advanced imaging, but not biopsies, were significantly higher in the assessment group. Medical costs for patients who received at least one test were approximately 29% greater than costs for those who did not, adjusting for other factors.ConclusionBreast cancer tumor markers are frequently used among women with early-stage disease and are associated with an increase in both diagnostic procedures and total cost of care. A better understanding of factors driving the use of and the potential benefits and harms of surveillance-based tumor marker testing is needed.
edgeR: a versatile tool for the analysis of shRNA-seq and CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screens
Authors: Dai Zhiyin , Sheridan Julie M. , Gearing Linden J. , Moore Darcy L. , Su Shian , Wormald Sam , Wilcox Stephen , O'Connor Liam , Dickins Ross A. , Blewitt Marnie E. , Ritchie Matthew E. 
Published: October 2014

Pooled library sequencing screens that perturb gene function in a high-throughput manner are becoming increasingly popular in functional genomics research. Irrespective of the mechanism by which loss of function is achieved, via either RNA interference using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) or genetic mutation using single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with the CRISPR-Cas9 system, there is a need to establish optimal analysis tools to handle such data. Our open-source processing pipeline in edgeR provides a complete analysis solution for screen data, that begins with the raw sequence reads and ends with a ranked list of candidate genes for downstream biological validation. We first summarize the raw data contained in a fastq file into a matrix of counts (samples in the columns, genes in the rows) with options for allowing mismatches and small shifts in sequence position. Diagnostic plots, normalization and differential representation analysis can then be performed using established methods to prioritize results in a statistically rigorous way, with the choice of either the classic exact testing methodology or generalized linear modeling that can handle complex experimental designs. A detailed users’ guide that demonstrates how to analyze screen data in edgeR along with a point-and-click implementation of this workflow in Galaxy are also provided. The edgeR package is freely available from http://www.bioconductor.org.
Metabolomics in psoriatic disease: pilot study reveals metabolite differences in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Armstrong April W. , Wu Julie , Johnson Mary Ann , Grapov Dmitry , Azizi Baktazh , Dhillon Jaskaran , Fiehn Oliver 
Published: October 2014

Importance:While “omics” studies have advanced our understanding of inflammatory skin diseases, metabolomics is mostly an unexplored field in dermatology.Objective:We sought to elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriatic diseases by determining the differences in metabolomic profiles among psoriasis patients with or without psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls.Design:We employed a global metabolomics approach to compare circulating metabolites from patients with psoriasis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and healthy controls.Setting:Study participants were recruited from the general community and from the Psoriasis Clinic at the University of California Davis in United States.Participants:We examined metabolomic profiles using blood serum samples from 30 patients age and gender matched into three groups: 10 patients with psoriasis, 10 patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and 10 control participants.Main outcome(s) and measures(s):Metabolite levels were measured calculating the mean peak intensities from gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Results:Multivariate analyses of metabolomics profiles revealed altered serum metabolites among the study population. Compared to control patients, psoriasis patients had a higher level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso: 288 ± 88; Control: 209 ± 69; p=0.03), a lower level of asparagine (Pso: 5460 ± 980; Control: 7260 ± 2100; p=0.02), and a lower level of glutamine (Pso: 86000 ± 20000; Control: 111000 ± 27000; p=0.02). Compared to control patients, patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had increased levels of glucuronic acid (Pso + PsA: 638 ± 250; Control: 347 ± 61; p=0.001). Compared to patients with psoriasis alone, patients with both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had a decreased level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso + PsA: 186 ± 80; Pso: 288 ± 88; p=0.02) and an increased level of lignoceric acid (Pso + PsA: 442 ± 280; Pso: 214 ± 64; p=0.02).Conclusions and relevance:The metabolite differences help elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and they may provide insights for therapeutic development.