bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poster 316: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Total Knee Arthroplasty after Cruciate Ligament Surgery: A Study of the UK BioBank
Authors: Inclan Paul , Brophy Robert , Saccone Nancy , Ma Yinjiao , Pham Vy , Yanik Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine an individual’s age-specific prevalence of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and revision TKA after ACL reconstruction (ACLr) and to identify clinical and genetic risk factors associated with undergoing TKA. Methods: The UK Biobank – a prospective cohort of 500,000 adults (age 40-69 at time of enrollment) containing health, physical measures, genotyping data, and linked data on hospitalizations – was utilized to identify individuals with a history of ACL surgery (i.e., “cruciate ligament surgery”) during initial health interviews. Individuals were considered to have progressed to end-stage knee osteoarthritis requiring arthroplasty (i.e., “osteoarthritis”) if they endorsed a procedural history of TKA at time of enrollment or underwent hospitalization with a procedural code for TKA after enrollment in the Biobank cohort. To define an individual’s relative risk of TKA following ACLr, age-specific cumulative incidence of TKA was compared between patients WITH and WITHOUT a history of ACLr. To determine clinical risk factors associated with undergoing TKA after ACLr, age-adjusted logistic regression modeling was utilized to calculate odds ratios (OR) for undergoing TKA. A Manhattan plot was constructed to analyze the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of TKA after ACLr. Results: A total of 2,576 individuals with a history of ACLr were identified, with 290 (11.3%) undergoing TKA. In patients with prior ACLr, prevalence of TKA was 0.75% at 45 years of age, 9.1% at 65 years of age, and 20.43% at 80 years of age (Figure 1). Patients with prior ACLr were 4.6x more likely to have undergone TKA by age 55. In the ACLr cohort, BMI >30 kg/m2 (odds ratio = 4.01, 95% confidence interval = 2.74–5.87) (Table 1),  a job that always involved heavy manual or physical labor (odds ratio=2.72, 95% confidence interval=1.57-4.71) or walking and standings (odds ratio=2.58, 95% confidence interval=1.58–4.20) were associated with greater TKA prevalence. After adjusting for age, no difference was noted in revision rates between individuals with TKA after ACLr and individuals undergoing TKA without a history of ACLr (Figure 2). No SNP was associated with undergoing TKA after ACLr (Figure 3). Conclusions: Patients with prior ACLr are 4.6x more likely to undergo TKA by age 55 than the general population. Patients with BMI >30 and jobs that involve heavy manual labor or walking/standing are at greatest risk for undergoing TKA. These data can be used to counsel patients at time of index ACLr on both their life-time risk of TKA and lifestyle modifications that may limit the need for future TKA. After adjusting for age, ACLr was not independently associated with revision TKA. [Figure: see text][Figure: see text][Figure: see text]
Iron deficiency resolution and time to resolution in an American health system
Authors: Cogan Jacob C. , Meyer Julia , Jiang Ziou , Sholzberg Michelle 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a global health problem with consequences independent of anemia, including impaired cognition and exercise tolerance. The time from laboratory diagnosis to resolution of ID has not been defined. In a retrospective review of electronic medical record data from a Minnesota statewide health system, we identified patients with ID (ferritin level ≤25 ng/mL). Patients with at least 1 follow-up ferritin level within 3 years were included. Patients with a subsequent ferritin of ≥50 ng/mL were classified as having resolved ID. Descriptive statistics and time-to-event analyses were used to determine proportion of ID resolution and time to resolution, and to evaluate characteristics predictive of resolution. We identified 13 084 patients with ID between 2010 to 2020. We found that 5485 (41.9%) had resolution within 3 years of diagnosis, whereas 7599 (58.1%) had no documented resolution. The median time to resolution was 1.9 years (interquartile range, 0.8-3.9). Factors associated with greater likelihood of resolution included age of ≥60 years (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-1.69]), male sex (aHR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.48-1.70]) and treatment with intravenous iron (aHR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.66-3.30). Black race was associated with a lower likelihood of resolution (aHR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.66-0.80). We observed a high proportion of persistent ID and prolonged time to resolution overall, with greater risk of lack of resolution among females and Black individuals. Targeted knowledge translation interventions are required to facilitate prompt diagnosis and definitive treatment of this prevalent and correctable condition.
European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
Authors: McCarthy Cormac , Bonella Francesco , O'Callaghan Marissa , Dupin Clairelyne , Alfaro Tiago , Fally Markus , Borie Raphael , Campo Ilaria , Cottin Vincent , Fabre Aurelie , Griese Matthias , Hadchouel Alice , Jouneau Stephane , Kokosi Maria , Manali Effrosyni , Prosch Helmut , Trapnell Bruce C. , Veltkamp Marcel , Wang Tisha , Toews Ingrid , Mathioudakis Alexander G. , Bendstrup Elisabeth 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare syndrome caused by several distinct diseases leading to progressive dyspnoea, hypoxaemia, risk of respiratory failure and early death due to accumulation of proteinaceous material in the lungs. Diagnostic strategies may include computed tomography (CT) of the lungs, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), evaluation of antibodies against granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), genetic testing and, eventually, lung biopsy. The management options are focused on removing the proteinaceous material by whole lung lavage (WLL), augmentation therapy with GM-CSF, rituximab, plasmapheresis and lung transplantation. The presented diagnostic and management guidelines aim to provide guidance to physicians managing patients with PAP.MethodsA European Respiratory Society Task Force composed of clinicians, methodologists and patients with experience in PAP developed recommendations in accordance with the ERS Handbook for Clinical Practice Guidelines and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) approach. This included a systematic review of the literature and application of the GRADE approach to assess the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. The Task Force formulated five PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) questions and two narrative questions to develop specific evidence-based recommendations.ResultsThe Task Force developed recommendations for the five PICO questions. These included management of PAP with WLL, GM-CSF augmentation therapy, rituximab, plasmapheresis and lung transplantation. Also, the Task Force made recommendations regarding the use of GM-CSF antibody testing, diagnostic BAL and biopsy based on the narrative questions. In addition to the recommendations, the Task Force provided information on the hierarchy of diagnostic interventions and therapy.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of PAP is based on CT and BAL cytology or lung histology, whereas the diagnosis of specific PAP-causing diseases requires GM-CSF antibody testing or genetic analysis. There are several therapies including WLL and augmentation therapy with GM-CSF available to treat PAP, but supporting evidence is still limited.
LPG 18:0 is a general biomarker of asthma and inhibits the differentiation and function of regulatory T-cells
Authors: Aili Abudureyimujiang , Wang Yuqing , Shang Ying , Zhang Lijiao , Liu Huan , Li Zemin , Xue Lixiang , Chen Yahong , Sun Yongchang , Zhang Xu , Jin Rong , Chang Chun 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe diagnosis, severity assessment, and development of therapeutic strategies for asthma are crucial aspects of disease management. Since biomarkers are reliable tools in disease management, we aimed to identify and explore asthma-associated biomarkers and investigate their mechanisms.MethodsLipidomics was used to profile serum glycerophospholipids in asthmatic patients and controls. The absolute concentration of lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) 18:0 was quantified in various asthma subtypes. Mouse asthma models were used to confirm its potential as a biomarker and investigate its mechanismsin vivo.The effects of LPG 18:0 on CD4+T-cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis were assessedin vitroby flow cytometry, while mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated through mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species and ATP production measurements. The intracellular mechanism of LPG 18:0 in regulatory T-cells (Tregs) was investigated using small-molecule inhibitors.ResultsThe serum glycerophospholipid profile varied between asthmatic patients and control group, with LPG 18:0 levels being notably higher in asthmatic patients, correlating with asthma severity and control level.In vivoandin vitrostudies revealed that LPG 18:0 impaired naïve CD4+T-cell differentiation into Tregs and compromised their suppressive function. Further investigation demonstrated that LPG 18:0 treatment reduced the FOXP3 protein levelviaSIRT1-mediated deacetylation during Treg differentiation.ConclusionsThis study identifies that serum levels of LPG 18:0 are generally elevated in asthmatics and serve as a biomarker for asthma. LPG 18:0 impairs Treg functionviathe NAD+/SIRT1/FOXP3 pathway. Our research reveals the potential of LPG 18:0 as a biomarker for asthma, elucidating its role in asthma diagnosis and treatment.
Optimizing Multi-Row Cam Roller Bearing for Long Fatigue Life of Hydraulic Motors
Authors: Fang Yu , Su Qi , Dong Pengpeng , Yang Yu , Xu Bing , Zhang Chao , Zhang Junhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCam-lobe radial-piston hydraulic motors are widely used as rotation driving units for various marine machinery owing to their ultrahigh output torque (more than 100 kN m). A multi-row cam roller bearing (MCRB) is the key component that directly determines the fatigue life of a cam-lobe radial-piston hydraulic motor. However, compact geometry and complex loads render MCRB susceptible to fatigue failure, highlighting the need for an optimized MCRB to achieve longer fatigue life and higher reliability. Therefore, this study proposes an innovative geometry optimization method for an MCRB to improve its fatigue life. In this method, a quasi-static model was developed to calculate the load distribution, with the fatigue life of the MCRB calculated using both basic dynamic loading and load distribution. Subsequently, a genetic algorithm was used to obtain the optimized geometry parameters, which significantly improved the fatigue life of the MCRB. Finally, a loading test was conducted on a hydraulic motor installed with both the initial and optimized MCRB to validate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method. This study provides a theoretical guideline for optimizing the design of MCRB, thereby increasing the fatigue life of hydraulic motors.
Effects of moisture content on the behaviour of Scots pine heartwood and sapwood under impact
Authors: Hassan Vand Mojtaba , Tippner Jan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe material properties of sapwood and heartwood vary within various wood species and even they can show significant differences within a single tree. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), a species that plays a crucial role in timber production for joinery and building construction applications, is among those that show a notable distinction between its heartwood and sapwood. To examine the influence of moisture content (MC) on the impact behaviour of the sapwood and heartwood of pine, we tested specimens with two distinct moisture levels: a low moisture content (LMC) group with 12% MC and a high moisture content (HMC) group with 45% MC. In our study, we investigated deflection, normal strain and force development of the specimens during the short period of an impact, and also calculated the impact bending strength (IBS) of samples, using an impact testing machine equipped with a high-speed camera and digital image correlation method. Our results indicate that the differences between sapwood and heartwood at LMC were insignificant in the case of maximum deflection and normal strain, thus there is no need for differentiation; however, these differences became more pronounced, and non-negligible, with an increase in MC. We also evaluated the IBS of both heartwood and sapwood and found that, at LMC, heartwood had greater impact bending strength than sapwood, making it a preferable choice as a material subjected to impact loadings. Conversely, at HMC, both heartwood and sapwood would be equally strong against impacts, indicating that pine green wood shows no sensitivity to the ratio of sapwood to heartwood in the tree.
Correlations between local geoclimatic variables and hatchling body size in the sea turtles Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas
Authors: Regalado Fernández Omar Rafael , Parsi-Pour Parima , Nyakatura John A. , Wyneken Jeanette , Werneburg Ingmar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt has been widely demonstrated that air and sand temperatures influence the anatomy of sea turtle hatchlings. We examined the impact of precipitation during the nesting season on the hatchling body size of loggerhead and green turtles from 37 beaches worldwide. Longitudinal data collected between 2012 and 2018 from Florida (US) and from a sample on Bõa Vista Island (Cabo Verde) carried out in 2019 showed that loggerhead body size at hatching was negatively correlated with precipitation, while precipitation was not correlated with hatchling body size in green turtles. A meta-analysis revealed that precipitation is positively correlated with hatchling mass in loggerhead turtles, while it is positively correlated with straight carapace length and width in green turtle hatchlings. The strongest influence of precipitation was found in the middle of the incubation period of loggerhead turtles in Cabo Verde, and we posit that this is due to an increase in the uptake of water for embryonic growth. These findings highlight the great importance of understanding the correlated effects of regional environmental variables, such as precipitation, on the development of sea turtle hatchlings and will have an impact on the evaluation of ongoing conservation and climate change discussions.
The impact of filamentous plant pathogens on the host microbiota
Authors: Flores-Nunez Victor M. , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen a pathogen invades a plant, it encounters a diverse microbiota with some members contributing to the health and growth of the plant host. So far, the relevance of interactions between pathogens and the plant microbiota are poorly understood; however, new lines of evidence suggest that pathogens play an important role in shaping the microbiome of their host during invasion. This review aims to summarize recent findings that document changes in microbial community composition during the invasion of filamentous pathogens in plant tissues. We explore the known mechanisms of interaction between plant pathogens and the host microbiota that underlie these changes, particularly the pathogen-encoded traits that are produced to target specific microbes. Moreover, we discuss the limitations of current strategies and shed light on new perspectives to study the complex interaction networks between filamentous pathogens and the plant microbiome.
Overall and cause-specific mortality among patients diagnosed with gastric precancerous lesions in Sweden between 1979 and 2014: an observational cohort study
Authors: Sun Yawen , Yin Li , Nesheli Dariush Nasrollahzadeh , Yu Jingru , Franzén Joar , Ye Weimin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The Correa’s cascade, encompassing chronic non-atrophic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia, represents the well-recognized pathway for the development of non-cardia gastric cancer. Population-based studies on all-cause and cause-specific mortalities among patients with gastric lesions in Correa’s cascade are scarce.

Methods
We compiled a cohort of 340 744 eligible patients who had undergone endoscopy with biopsy for non-malignant indications during the period 1979–2011, which was followed up until 2014. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) provided estimation of the relative risk, using the general Swedish population as reference. Cox regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of death for internal comparison.

Results
A total of 306 117 patients were included in the final analysis, accumulating 3,049,009 person-years of follow-up. In total 106,625 deaths were observed during the study period. Compared to the general population, excess risks of overall mortality were noted in all subgroups, with SMRs ranging from 1.11 (95% CI 1.08–1.14) for the normal mucosa group to 1.54 (95% CI 1.46–1.62) for the dysplasia group. For cause-specific mortalities, mortality from gastric cancer gradually increased along Correa’s cascade, with excess risk rising from 105% for patients with chronic gastritis to more than 600% for the dysplasia group. These results were confirmed in the comparison with the normal mucosa group. For non-cancer conditions, increased death risks were noted for various diseases compared to the general population, especially among patients with more severe gastric precancerous lesions. But the results were confirmed only for “infectious diseases and parasitic diseases”, “respiratory system diseases”, and “digestive system disease”, when using the normal mucosa group as reference.

Conclusions
Increased mortality from gastric cancer suggests that early recognition and intervention of gastric precancerous lesions probably benefit the patients. Excess mortality due to non-cancer conditions should be interpreted with caution, and future studies are warranted.
Meldonium, as a potential neuroprotective agent, promotes neuronal survival by protecting mitochondria in cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Yang Weijie , Lei Xiuxing , Liu Fengying , Sui Xin , Yang Yi , Xiao Zhenyu , cui Ziqi , Sun Yangyang , Yang Jun , Yang Xinyi , Lin Xueyang , Bao Zhenghao , Li Weidong , Ma Yingkai , Wang Yongan , Luo Yuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Stroke is a globally dangerous disease capable of causing irreversible neuronal damage with limited therapeutic options. Meldonium, an inhibitor of carnitine-dependent metabolism, is considered an anti-ischemic drug. However, the mechanisms through which meldonium improves ischemic injury and its potential to protect neurons remain largely unknown.

Methods
A rat model with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to investigate meldonium’s neuroprotective efficacy in vivo. Infarct volume, neurological deficit score, histopathology, neuronal apoptosis, motor function, morphological alteration and antioxidant capacity were explored via 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, Longa scoring method, hematoxylin and eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay, rotarod test, transmission electron microscopy and Oxidative stress index related kit. A primary rat hippocampal neuron model subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation reperfusion was used to study meldonium’s protective ability in vitro. Neuronal viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial morphology, respiratory function, ATP production, and its potential mechanism were assayed by MTT cell proliferation and cytotoxicity assay kit, cell-permeant MitoTracker® probes, mitochondrial stress, real-time ATP rate and western blotting.

Results
Meldonium markedly reduced the infarct size, improved neurological function and motor ability, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis in vivo. Meldonium enhanced the morphology, antioxidant capacity, and ATP production of mitochondria and inhibited the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus during cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats. Additionally, meldonium improved the damaged fusion process and respiratory function of neuronal mitochondria in vitro. Further investigation revealed that meldonium activated the Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway to inhibit mitochondria-dependent neuronal apoptosis.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that meldonium shows a neuroprotective function during CIRI by preserving the mitochondrial function, thus prevented neurons from apoptosis.
Handwriting speed in juvenile idiopathic arthritis using the detailed assessment of speed of handwriting
Authors: Marchak C. A. , James S. , Davidson I. , Brown J. , Houghton K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Handwriting is a commonly reported functional limitation for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of this study was to evaluate handwriting in children with JIA.

Findings
Twelve children (mean age 13.0 years, SD = 1.9; range 9.1 to 15.6 years) with JIA completed the Detailed Assessment of Speed of Handwriting (DASH). The presence of hand and wrist arthritis, grip strength, disability, pain, and quality of life (QOL) was also assessed. The mean DASH score was 34.5th percentile (SD = 22.5). Eight (75%) scored below the 50th centile. DASH scores were negatively associated with grip strength (r = -0.31).

Conclusions
Handwriting difficulties are common in children with JIA. Handwriting assessment may be helpful to direct treatments, and advocate for support and accommodations in school.