bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of cyclic frequency on fracture mode transitions during corrosion fatigue cracking of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy
Authors: Hall Meryl M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThere are complex issues remaining to be resolved before environment-assisted cracking models can be included in structural mechanics programs that are currently used to analyze mechanical fatigue crack growth. Considered here is the effect of cyclic frequency on fracture mode transitions that occur during corrosion fatigue of high-strength Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys. These alloys are used in civilian and military aircraft applications where they are exposed to detrimental aqueous saline environments. A previously developed “critical hydrogen at a critical distance” crack growth model is used to rationalize the observed transitions in crack-path fracture-modes, from intergranular (IG), to brittle transgranular (BTG), to ductile transgranular (DTG), as the alternating stress intensity factor and cyclic frequency increase beyond critical values. Corrosion fatigue crack growth rate data obtained on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy 7017-T651 base metal and heat-affected “white zone” metal tested in aqueous NaCl solutions over a frequency range of 0.01–70 Hz are analyzed. For the white zone metal, dependence of the critical crack velocity on the critical frequency, at which the IG-BTG transition occurs, undergoes an abrupt reversal as the critical frequency increases above about 0.1 Hz. Mechanisms potentially responsible for this change in frequency dependency are discussed in the context of the critical hydrogen model. The transition from low to intermediate frequency behavior is speculated to be due to a change in the critical distance from microstructural control, for frequencies at or below 0.1 Hz, to control by the critical hydrogen criterion at higher frequencies. The low frequency behavior is discussed relative to the transition from static load stress corrosion cracking to low frequency corrosion fatigue, which occurs as cyclic frequency increases above zero.
A fetopathological and clinical study of the Dandy-Walker malformation and a literature review
Authors: Kitova Tanya , Kitov Borislav , Zhelyazkov Hristo , Milkov Denis , Chelli Dalenda , Masmoudi Aida , Gaigi Soumeya 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Aim: The Dandy-Walker malformation is a rare abnormality of the central nervous system pertaining to the group of cystic malformations. The frequency of occurrence of the malformation ranges from 1:800 to 35,000 live births. The aim of this study is to investigate the Dandy-Walker malformation in two cases – one by autopsy after abortion due to medical indications during the 25th gestational week at The Clinic of Embryo and Fetopathology, Center for Maternity and Neonatology, Tunis, Tunisia, and another case of a 1-year-old infant diagnosed with an acute internal hydrocephalus at The Clinic of Neurosurgery, Medical University Plovdiv, Bulgaria, and to compare the results with those in the literature.

Results: Both cases are of an isolated Dandy-Walker malformation without any associated abnormalities of the central nervous system and other organs and systems. After the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in the second case, the child’s condition was greatly improved.

Conclusion: The question arises whether the prenatal diagnosis of an isolated Dandy-Walker malformation is an indication for pregnancy termination, and who and after what examinations has the right to make this decision, given the favorable outcome after surgical treatment.
Compact MIMO Antenna for LTE Handsets
Authors: Wong H. S. , Kibria S. , Mansor M. F. B. , Islam M. T. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis paper presents a compact MIMO antenna for LTE 700, LTE 2300 and LTE 2500 applications. The antenna is configured by two symmetrical quarter wavelength meandered lines on the front side and a slotted ground plane at the back side. An decoupling patch is used to achieve good isolation between two symmetrical quarter wavelength meandered lines.
Mechanical properties of wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites coupled with waterborne silane-polyacrylate copolymer emulsion
Authors: Liu Ru , Luo Shupin , Cao Jinzhen , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Wood flour/polylactic acid (WF/PLA) composites were produced with a WF content of 50% based on three types of waterborne polyacrylate (PA) emulsions including a PA homopolymer emulsion and two types of silane-PA copolymer emulsions as coupling agents. Two silanes were in focus, namely, γ-methacryloxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (silane-1) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (silane-2). The emulsions and the modified WFs were characterized, and the effects were investigated in terms of emulsion type and their loading levels on the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. (1) Both types of silanes could be successfully copolymerized with PA to form stable emulsions. (2) With increasing PA loading, the mechanical properties (except for flexural modulus) of the composites increased at first before reaching the maximum values at 4% PA loading and then the properties worsened. However, these values were larger than those of pure composites, especially in cases when PA-silane emulsions were applied. (3) PA modified with silane-1 showed the best coupling effect among all the three PA emulsions. The results can be interpreted that PA emulsions are effective coupling agents for the preparation of high-performance WPCs.
Robust IMEX Schemes for Solving Two-Dimensional Reaction–Diffusion Models
Authors: Owolabi Kolade M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
In this paper, numerical simulations of two-dimensional reaction–diffusion (for single and multi-species) models are considered for pattern formation processes. The nature of our problems permits the use of two classical approaches. These semi-linear partial differential equations are split into a linear equation which contains the highly stiff part of the problem, and a nonlinear part that is expected to be varying slowly than the linear part. For the spatial discretization, we introduce higher-order symmetric finite difference scheme, and the resulting ordinary differential equations are then solved with the use of the family of implicit–explicit (IMEX) schemes. Stability properties of these schemes as well as the linear stability analysis of the problems are well presented. Numerical examples and results are also given to illustrate the accuracy and implementation of the methods.
No Need for Infinite Iteration
Authors: Sivertsen Sveinung Sundfør 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs part of his argument for a “Copernican revolution” in social ontology, Hans Bernhard Schmid (2005) argues that the individualistic approach to social ontology is critically flawed. This article rebuts his claim that the notion of mutual belief necessarily entails infinite iteration of beliefs about the intentions of others, and argues that collective action can arise from individual contributions without such iteration. What matters is whether or when there are grounds for belief, and while extant groups and social structures may be relevant to some forms of collective action, this does not show that all forms of collective action depends on such such pre-established collectivity.
Collective Intentionality and Causal Powers
Authors: Elder-Vass Dave 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBridging two traditions of social ontology, this paper examines the possibility that the concept of collective intentionality can help to explain the mechanisms underpinning the causal powers of some social entities. In particular, I argue that a minimal form of collective intentionality is part of the mechanism underpinning the causal power of norm circles: the social entities causally responsible for social norms. There are, however, many different forms of social entity with causal power, and the relationship of collective intentionality to these causal powers varies, depending on the form of the mechanism underpinning the power concerned. Some powers depend on collective intentionality, and others do not.
What ‘We’?
Authors: Lawford-Smith Holly 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to explain why certain authors – both popular and academic – are making a mistake when they attribute obligations to uncoordinated groups of persons, and to argue that it is particularly unhelpful to make this mistake given the prevalence of individuals faced with the difficult question of what morality requires of them in a situation in which there is a good they can bring about together with others, but not alone. I will defend two alternatives to attributing obligations to uncoordinated groups. The first solution has us build better people, who will coordinate their actions willingly and spontaneously when the occasion arises. The second solution has us build better groups, so that when the occasion arises, there is a framework in place for coordinating members into action.
Linguascaping the Other: Travelogues’ representations of Chinese languages
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis article examines how the travel sections of China Daily (CD) appropriate dominant tourism discourses in representing Chinese languages. Incorporating language ideology into critical discourse analysis, an examination of 223 CD travelogues reveals three discourse strands: naming Chinese cuisine, referring to Chinese languages, and metapragmatic comments on Chinese languages. It is argued that CD’s touristic representations of Chinese languages constitute part of the repertoire of dominant tourism discourses rather than a challenge or resistance against them, and CD travel writing does constitute a voice in the “contact zone,” which, however, speaks in a language that is essentially complicit in Othering China for tourist consumption.
Measurements of strain induced by chemical shrinkage in polymer composites
Authors: Osmęda Anna 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The aim of this work is to determine which of the techniques that allow to measure the strain induced in polymer composites by the chemical shrinkage of resin is most appropriate for predicting process-induced deformations. There are two approaches to determine the chemical strain: measurements in-plane and through-the-thickness of composite. In the following study, two methods were used for the measurement of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composite: novel one that employs a dynamic mechanical analyzer to measure through-the-thickness strain and one designed previously to measure in-plane strain. As the results of the methods were different, finite element simulation of process-induced deformation of C-sectioned composite element was carried out in order to verify the results. Comparison of numerical results with the real part deformation showed that the measurement of through-the-thickness chemical strain is the more accurate approach in the case of the prediction of deformation and that the novel method gives valid results.
Phrasal compounds are compatible with Lexical Integrity
Authors: Pafel Jürgen 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
As phrasal compounds seem to be words that contain syntactic phrases they are a prominent case against the strict separation of morphology from syntax. However, it is not obvious at all that phrasal compounds do contain syntactic phrases. First, as for phrasal compounds whose non-head constituent is a quote, there is every reason to assume that they are NN compounds – whether or not the quote is the quote of a phrase. Second, taking the different types of phrasal compounds into account it is justified to assume that they do not contain syntactic phrases if one acknowledges phrase-to-word conversion.
Cognitive effort and pupil
dilation in controlled
and automatic processes
Authors: Querino Emanuel , dos Santos Lafaiete , Ginani Giuliano , Nicolau Eduardo , Miranda Débora , Romano-Silva Marco , Malloy-Diniz Leandro 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The Five Digits Test (FDT) is a Stroop paradigm test that aims to evaluate executive functions. It is composed of
four parts, two of which are related to automatic and two of which are related to controlled processes. It is known
that pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand increases. In the present study, we evaluated
whether the pupillary diameter could distinguish cognitive effort between automated and controlled cognitive
processing during the FDT as the task progressed. As a control task, we used a simple reading paradigm with a
similar visual aspect as the FDT. We then divided each of the four parts into two blocks in order to evaluate the
differences between the first and second half of the task. Results indicated that, compared to a control task, the
FDT required higher cognitive effort for each consecutive part. Moreover, the first half of every part of the FDT
induced dilation more than the second. The differences in pupil dilation during the first half of the four FDT
parts were statistically significant between the parts 2 and 4 (p=0.023), and between the parts 3 and 4 (p=0.006).
These results provide further evidence that cognitive effort and pupil diameter can distinguish controlled from
automatic processes.
The emerging neuroprotective role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Normoyle Kieran P. , Kim Miri , Farahvar Arash , Llano Daniel , Jackson Kevin , Wang Huan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a multifaceted disease with intrinsically complex heterogeneity and remains a
significant clinical challenge to manage. TBI model systems have demonstrated many mechanisms that contribute
to brain parenchymal cell death, including glutamate and calcium toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and
mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are critically regulated by uncoupling proteins (UCP), which allow
protons to leak back into the matrix and thus reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential by dissipating the
proton motive force. This uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis
is potentially critical for protection against cellular injury as a result of TBI and stroke. A greater understanding
of the underlying mechanism or mechanisms by which uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) functions to maintain
or optimize mitochondrial function, and the conditions which precipitate the failure of these mechanisms,
would inform future research and treatment strategies. We posit that UCP2-mediated function underlies
the physiological response to neuronal stress associated with traumatic and ischemic injury and that clinical
development of UCP2-targeted treatment would significantly impact these patient populations. With a focus on
clinical relevance in TBI, we synthesize current knowledge concerning UCP2 and its potential neuroprotective
role and apply this body of knowledge to current and potential treatment modalities.
Expanding Universe with a Variable Cosmological Term
Authors: Blanco-Pérez Carlos , Fernández-Guerrero Antonio 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
We propose a model of expansion of the universe in which a minimal, ‘quantised’ rate is dependent upon the value of the cosmological constant Λ in Einstein’s field equations, itself not a constant but a function of the size and the entropy of the universe. From this perspective, we offer an expression which relates Hubble’s constant with the cosmological constant.
Gd4(BO2)O5F – a gadolinium borate fluoride oxide comprising a linear BO2 moiety
Authors: Höppe Henning A. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Gadolinium borate fluoride oxide Gd4(BO2)O5F crystallises in space group Pmmn (no. 59, a = 1574.6(4), b = 381.42(7), c = 660.88(11) pm, 565 refl., 28 parameters, R
1 = 0.039, wR
2 = 0.128, twin refinement) and comprises linear BO2
− anions between closely packed [GdO] layers formed by OGd4 tetrahedra and terminated by oxygen and fluorine atoms. The crystal structure’s relationship with the NiAs type is illustrated. The Raman spectrum recorded on a single crystal of Gd4(BO2)O5F comprises a single peak at 1364 cm−1 assigned to the only Raman-active vibrational mode ν
s of the linear triatomic O–B–O units besides very weak peaks at 805 and 2083 cm−1 (presumably the respective δ and ν
as modes).
Pricing Model for Convertible Bonds: A Mixed Fractional Brownian Motion with Jumps
Authors: Miao Jie , Yang Xu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractA mathematical model to price convertible bonds involving mixed fractional Brownian motion with jumps is presented. We obtain a general pricing formula using the risk neutral pricing principle and quasi-conditional expectation. The sensitivity of the price to changing various parameters is discussed. Theoretical prices from our jump mixed fractional Brownian motion model are compared with the prices predicted by traditional models. An empirical study shows that our new model is more acceptable.
Ottawa Ankle Rule: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Kumar Dharmendra , Singh Sudhir , Yadav Alok Kumar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Foot and ankle injuries are common clinical conditions treated by orthopedic surgeons accounting for 6 to 12% of the patients seen in emergency. Currently, almost all patients with foot and ankle injuries undergo radiographic examination to exclude fractures; however, fewer than 15% of these patients actually have fractures, thus, most of these radiographs are unnecessary. Unwarranted radiographic examination increases the demands on the healthcare system and also results in prolonged patient waiting times. Ottawa ankle rule (OAR) evolved to reduce the number of radiography and waiting time for patients in emergency department by excluding fractures using only clinical examination. Although, it has good sensitivity but it has not been much popular and not included in medical curriculum.

Aim
The aim of the study is to implement the OAR in an Indian tertiary care trauma setup with two different levels of clinical examiners (1st year postgraduate junior resident and senior resident) and report the finding.

Materials and methods
This prospective study was done in the Department of Orthopedics, for a period of 15 months. Clinical examiners were shown and given a video presentation about the Oar and a printed copy of the rules were provided to all. Clinical diagnosis of both levels of clinical examiners were evaluated and analyzed.

Results
Three hundred cases met our inclusion criteria. In first clinical examination done by junior resident, 115 clinically significant fractures were suspected while senior resident suspected 69 fractures. Radiography showed 5 cases with missed fractures. Accuracy of OAR by JR is 82.33% and by SR is 97.0%.

Conclusion
Ottawa ankle rule are very effective and can identify all clinically relevant fractures of ankle and foot with increased accuracy and sensitivity when applied by a trauma specialists. Although, these rules can also be applied by general doctors so as to help them to screen patients who need radiography in acute ankle injury, but it is more sensitive when it is applied by specialist doctor.

How to cite this article
Singh S, Kumar D, Yadav AK. Ottawa Ankle Rule: An Indian Perspective. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia- Pacific) 2015;2(1):8-12.
An Assessment of the Results of Controlled Fractional Distraction by Joshi's External Stabilization System in Club Foot
Authors: Sadana Ashwani , Pal Chandra Prakash , Dinkar Karuna Shankar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Club foot is amongst the most common of congenital deformities. Its incidence is 1 to 2 per 1000 live births. At birth, the diagnosis can be made by observing the foot for forefoot adduction, hindfoot inversion and equinus deformity. The study was conducted to evaluate the role of controlled fractional distraction in the management of neglected club feet by Joshi's external stabilization system (JESS). Total of 18 cases (22 feet) were studied, which were corrected by JESS. All cases were evaluated clinically, radiologically, podographically, and Pirani scoring system, both, before and after the correction. Severity of the deformities and clinical correction was assessed by Pirani score. All patients achieved good clinical results as per Pirani score, radiological evaluation showed that all subjects achieved the normal range of values.

How to cite this article
Sadana A, Pal CP, Dinkar KS. An Assessment of the Results of Controlled Fractional Distraction by Joshi's External Stabilization System in Club Foot. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):13-16.
Correlation of Foot Bimalleolar Angle with Pirani Scoring System in Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Authors: Dube Abhay Shankar , Gaur Manvender , Rastogi Avinash , Kapoor Rajat 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThe correlation of anteromedial foot bimalleolar angle with Pirani score evaluated prospectively in 120 children (204 feet) with congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). The patients were divided into groups I, II and III based on clinical severity before casting, having the Pirani score 0 to 2, 2.5 to 4 and 4.5 to 6 respectively. Mean foot bimalleolar angle 75.75°, 67.62° and 58.28° of groups I, II and III respectively was correlated by standard deviation with their Pirani scores to evaluate the severity difference among the groups before initiation of the casting treatment. The change in clinical severity or Pirani score was further correlated with the change in mean foot bimalleolar angle at the time of completion of casting and before bracing. The foot bimalleolar angle is an objective, quantitative and reproducible method which can be used to classify, prognosticate and to monitor the progress of the treatment.BackgroundThe prospective observational study on role of foot bimalleolar angle against the Pirani scoring in clinical evaluation of club foot in 120 children (204 feet) with mean age of 5.4 months treated by Ponseti technique of casting.How to cite this articleDube As, Gaur M, Rastogi A, Kapoor R. Correlation of Foot Bimalleolar Angle with Pirani Scoring System in Clinical Evaluation of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):17-21.
Subcutaneous Foot Phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria alternata
Authors: Jakkan Mithun Shriniwas , Agashe Vikas Madhav , Almeda Alan 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Alternaria alternata, a saprophytic pigmented fungus, usually manifests in immunocompromised hosts. A case of 53-year-old male who underwent renal transplant 4 years back with recurrent foot swelling and previously misdiagnosed and treated for actinomycosis is presented. The swelling was completely excised, staining and culture diagnosed it to be Alternaria alternata infection which responded very well to oral voriconazole.

How to cite this article
Jakkan MS, Agashe VM, Soman R, Almeda A. Subcutaneous Foot Phaeohyphomycosis due to Alternaria alternata. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1):44-46.
Os Intermetatarseum Revisited: A Case Report of Rare Variant and Review of Literature
Authors: Rachha Rajesh , Gorva Anand 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTOs intermetatarseum is the rarest accessory bone of the foot. It is usually found between 1st and the 2nd metatarsal bases arising typically from the base of the 2nd metatarsal. Only a few symptomatic cases have been reported in the literature, which were either unilateral or bilateral and radiographically they were of different shapes and sizes. We present a large, bilaterally symmetrical and unusual variant of os intermetatarseum. To our knowledge, such large, bilaterally symmetrical, fully formed os intermetatarseum, fusing to both metatarsals has not been described before. The case report also describes the surgical anatomy during the excision of os intermetatarseum and review of the literature to date.How to cite this articleRachha R, Gorva A. Os Intermetatarseum revisited: A Case Report of Rare Variant and Review of Literature. J Foot Ankle Surg (Asia-Pacific) 2015;2(1): 47-50.