bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinnitus and cardiovascular disease: the population-based Tromsø Study (2015–2016)
Authors: Ausland Jannike Heyerdahl-Larsen , Engdahl Bo , Oftedal Bente , Hopstock Laila A , Johnsen Magnar , Krog Norun Hjertager 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPeople with tinnitus are likely to have other co-occurring disorders that should be considered when diagnosing and understanding tinnitus as a health problem. The association between tinnitus and cardiovascular health in the general population is, however, unclear. This study aimed to examine whether tinnitus is associated with the prevalence of hypertension, myocardial infarction or stroke, in the general adult population.MethodsWe used data from the seventh survey of the Tromsø Study, a comprehensive population-based health study carried out in 2015–2016. All inhabitants aged ≥40 years in the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, (n=32 591) were invited, of which 21 083 individuals (65%), aged 40–99, participated. Poisson regression was used to analyse the relationships between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease, while adjusting for relevant covariates. We used three separate tinnitus variables as exposures in analyses: (1) ‘tinnitus status’, measured with the question ‘During the last 12 months, have you experienced ringing in your ears lasting more than five min?’; (2) ‘tinnitus symptom intensity’, generated as a function of tinnitus frequentness and tinnitus bother; and (3) ‘tinnitus bother’, analysed only among participants with tinnitus. Hypertension (measured blood pressure and/or self-reported use of antihypertensives), and self-reported myocardial infarction and stroke were the outcomes of analyses.ResultsAnalyses of the complete sample (n=17 288, 51.2% women), in fully adjusted models, revealed non-significant and very weak associations between tinnitus status and all three cardiovascular outcomes (prevalence ratios (PRs): 1.04–1.11), while for tinnitus symptom intensity, we found significant positive associations between low-intensity tinnitus and hypertension (PR: 1.08, 95% CI: (1.01 to 1.16) and myocardial infarction (PR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.81). Among participants with tinnitus (n=3570), there were no associations between tinnitus bother and cardiovascular outcomes.ConclusionsResults from the present study indicate that there is a weak association between tinnitus and cardiovascular disease and that tinnitus should be taken seriously even at low intensities.
Developing a community-based model of care for venipuncture in children and young adults with an intellectual disability: a retrospective study
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Passarello Larissa , O’Hea Catherine , Lai Teresa , Reid Natasha , Farrell Bridget 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundRegular blood tests for monitoring metabolic side effects are often unable to be collected for people with an intellectual/developmental disability (ID/DD) and challenging behaviours (CBs) using usual pathways. We aimed to develop a model of care to facilitate venipuncture for children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs.MethodsA systematic tiered model of care was developed for venipuncture to suit the individual needs of children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs. A partnership was formed by the disability health team with a community pathology service provider. An observational retrospective study of the baseline demographic data, severity of disability and diagnosis, oral sedation requirement, and outcome data on the success/failure of venipuncture was done.Results14 children (mean (SD), 12.8 (3.1) years) had 17 attempted venipuncture with ‘reasonable adjustments’ such as preparation with social stories, distraction, low sensory strategies and oral sedation at school clinics. 14 (82%) attempts were successful. After the success of the pilot programme at school, venipuncture was replicated in settings such as home, day programmes, pathology centres and a respite facility. 16 people with ID/DD and CBs (mean (SD)17.3 (3.7) years), had 14 successful venipuncture performed out of 18 attempts (success rate, 77.7%). Overall, 11 attempts (31.4%) succeeded without requiring oral sedation using only reasonable adjustments. 16 attempts (45.7%) succeeded with conscious oral sedation along with reasonable adjustments. Of those 16, 10 required olanzapine (5 mg), 1 required olanzapine (10 mg), 1 required combination of risperidone (1 mg) and diazepam (5 mg), 1 required clonazepam (2.5 mg) and olanzapine (5 mg), 1 required combination of olanzapine (10 mg) and diazepam (10 mg), 1 required combination of olanzapine (10 mg) and diazepam (5 mg) while 1 required only diazepam (5 mg). One had to be switched to the tier-3 pathway.ConclusionA model of care was developed to ensure compassionate and non-stressful venipuncture for children and young adults with disabilities. We demonstrated that a significant proportion of carefully selected children and young adults with ID/DD and CBs, considered ‘challenging for blood collection’ can have venipuncture performed successfully in non-hospital settings using ‘reasonable adjustments’ and oral sedation.
Prognostic implications, genomic and immune characteristics of lung adenocarcinoma with lepidic growth pattern
Authors: Li Yue , Chen Donglai , Xu Yi , Ding Qifeng , Xu Xuejun , Li Yongzhong , Mi Yedong , Chen Yongbing 
Published: August 2024

AimsConflicting data were provided regarding the prognostic impact and genomic features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with lepidic growth pattern (LP+A). Delineation of the genomic and immune characteristics of LP+A could provide deeper insights into its prognostic implications and treatment determination.MethodsWe conducted a search of articles in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 2024. A domestic cohort consisting of 52 LUAD samples was subjected to whole-exome sequencing as internal validation. Data from The Cancer Genomic Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were obtained to characterise the genomic and immune profiles of LP+A. Pooled HRs and rates were calculated.ResultsThe pooled results indicated that lepidic growth pattern was either predominant (0.35, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.56, p<0.01) or minor (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.36 to 0.70, p<0.01) histological subtype was associated with favourable disease-free survival. Pooled gene mutation rates suggested higher EGFR mutation (0.55, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.64, p<0.01) and lower KRAS mutation (0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25, p=0.02) in lepidic-predominant LUAD. Lepidic-predominant LUAD had lower tumour mutation burden and pooled positive rate of PD-L1 expression compared with other subtypes. LP+A was characterised by abundance in resting CD4+memory T cells, monocytes and γδ T cells, as well as scarcity of cancer-associated fibroblasts.ConclusionsLP+A was a unique histological subtype with a higher EGFR mutation rate, lower tumour mutation burden and immune checkpoint expression levels. Our findings suggested potential benefits from targeted therapy over immunotherapy in LP+A.
Risk scores and coronary artery disease in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome and intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations
Authors: Perez-Vicencio Daniel , Thurston Alexander J F , Doudesis Dimitrios , O'Brien Rachel , Ferry Amy , Fujisawa Takeshi , Williams Michelle Claire , Gray Alasdair J , Mills Nicholas L , Lee Kuan Ken 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGuidelines recommend the use of risk scores to select patients for further investigation after myocardial infarction has been ruled out but their utility to identify those with coronary artery disease is uncertain.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study, patients with intermediate high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I concentrations (5 ng/L to sex-specific 99th percentile) in whom myocardial infarction was ruled out were enrolled and underwent coronary CT angiography (CCTA) after hospital discharge. History, ECG, Age, Risk factors, Troponin (HEART), Emergency Department Assessment of Chest Pain Score (EDACS), Global Registry of Acute Coronary Event (GRACE), Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation 2 and Pooled Cohort Equation risk scores were calculated and the odds ratio (OR) and diagnostic performance for obstructive coronary artery disease were determined using established thresholds.ResultsOf 167 patients enrolled (64±12 years, 28% female), 29.9% (50/167) had obstructive coronary artery disease. The odds of having obstructive disease were increased for all scores with the lowest and highest increase observed for an EDACS score ≥16 (OR 2.2 (1.1–4.6)) and a TIMI risk score ≥1 (OR 12.9 (3.0–56.0)), respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was low for all scores but was highest for a GRACE score >88 identifying 39% as high risk with a PPV of 41.9% (30.4–54.2%). The negative predictive value (NPV) varied from 77.3% to 95.2% but was highest for a TIMI score of 0 identifying 26% as low risk with an NPV of 95.2% (87.2–100%).ConclusionsIn patients with intermediate cardiac troponin concentrations in whom myocardial infarction has been excluded, clinical risk scores can help identify patients with and without coronary artery disease, although the performance of established risk thresholds is suboptimal for utilisation in clinical practice.Trial registration numberNCT04549805.
General analysis of Noether symmetries in Horndeski gravity
Authors: Miranda Marcello , Capozziello Salvatore , Vernieri Daniele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe explore Noether symmetries of Horndeski gravity, extending the classification of general scalar–tensor theories. Starting from the minimally coupled scalar field and the first-generation scalar–tensor gravity, the discussion is generalised to kinetic gravity braiding and Horndeski gravity. We highlight the main findings by focusing on the non-minimally coupled Gauss–Bonnet term and the extended cuscuton model. Finally, we discuss how the presence of matter can influence Noether symmetries. It turns out that the selected Horndeski functions are unchanged with respect to the vacuum case.
In Vitro and In Silico Anthelmintic Activity of Extracts of Lannea kerstingii and Ficus thonningii on Heligmosomoides polygyrus
Authors: Serena Ndjinkeu Ntcheuzing , Besati Masoud , Nadia Noumedem Anangmo Christelle , Yaghoobi Mahdi , Cédric Yamssi , Ciancia Claire , Sidiki Ngouyamsa Nsapkain Aboubakar , Payne Vincent Khan , Mbida Mpoame , Hu Haibo 
Published: August 2024

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the anthelmintic activity of Lannea kerstingii and Ficus thonningii, on a nematode model, to promote their use in the Cameroonian pharmacopoeia for the treatment of helminthiases.Methods: One nematode was used, Heligmosomoides polygyrus. First, the effect of the extracts on the eggs and larval stages (L1, L2, and L3) of H. polygyrus was evaluated, 100 μL of extract and 100 μL of parasite suspension (containing 50 eggs) were mixed in a 96‐well microplate. The 96‐well microplate was incubated for 20 h at 25°C in the WMicroTracker which measures the motility of the worms at various concentrations. Finally, docking studies were conducted by using the Glide module in Schrodinger Maestro.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. kerstingii with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1371 mg/mL produced a higher ovicidal effect than the effect produced by other extracts of these plants. However, with an IC50 of 0.31 mg/mL, the aqueous extract of F. thonningii showed the greatest effect on the L2 stage. The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of L. kerstingii and F. thonningii inhibited the development of the L3 larvae of H. polygyrus with a better effect for the ethanolic extracts.Conclusion: The use of L. kerstingii and F. thonningii for the treatment of helminthiasis has been proved in vitro and in silico by this research. However, more research is required, especially on the acute toxicity and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy to validate this scientific investigation.
Probiotic Chocolate Containing Lactobacillus plantarum Dad‐13 Alters the Gut Microbiota Composition of Undernourished Children in Lombok: A Randomized Double‐Blind Trial
Authors: Rahayu Endang S. , Yoga Wahyu K. , Komalasari Husnita , Mariyatun Mariyatun , Yuda Wednes A. , Manurung Nancy E. P. , Hasan Pratama N. , Suharman Suharman , Pamungkaningtyas Fathyah H. , Nurfiana Dina A. , Pramesi Putrika C. , Gatya Mifta , Therdtatha Phatthanaphong , Nakayama Jiro , Juffrie Mohammad , Djaafar Titiek F. , Marwati Tri , Utami Tyas 
Published: August 2024

The present study investigated the ingestion effect of chocolate probiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum Dad‐13 in undernourished children. A 100‐day observation was conducted on undernourished children in Lombok, who were divided into probiotic (n = 28) and placebo (n = 28) groups. Fecal sampling was performed on the 10th and 100th days and further analyzed for gut microbiota composition, short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA), and fecal pH. A significant difference was found in the diversity index, fecal pH, and several microbiotas at the phylum and genus levels. At the phylum level, Bacteroidetes was significantly higher in the probiotic group, and a higher relative abundance (RA) of Firmicutes was found in the placebo group. At the genus level, significant differences were observed in some bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Prevotella. Therefore, it can be concluded that the probiotic intervention in this study resulted in changes of gut microbiota diversity and fecal pH.Trial Registration: Thai Clinical Trials Registry identifier: TCTR20220425001
End of Life Wealth Portfolios in the Netherlands in 1921: The Memories Database
Authors: Peeters Ruben L. , de Vicq Amaury 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a newly constructed database: the Memories 1921 Dataset. The database is a representative sample drawn from the Tafel v-bis Dataset and consists of complete inheritance taxation records for 2,321 individuals who died in 1921. To increase the amount of information about these individuals, the authors connected the Memories 1921 Dataset to the original Tafel v-bis Dataset. This added information about the name, birthplace, place of residence, age, marital status, and profession of the deceased to his or her wealth portfolio. The database is open access and available via the Social Sciences and Digital Humanities Archive (sodha).
How Should the European Court of Human Rights Remedy Violations of Article 18 echr? The Case for Remedial Realignment
Authors: Finnerty Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article assesses whether the European Court of Human Right’s (Court) remedial reasoning in Article 18 European Convention on Human Rights (Convention) judgments coheres with the Court’s merits-based reasoning finding a violation of this particular provision. Article 18 violations have come to highlight structural problems in state parties, most notably complicity from domestic judiciaries and/or state prosecutors in state efforts to restrict Convention rights for anti-democratic ulterior purposes. The article finds that this substantive feature of Article 18 violations does not generally extend to the Court’s approach to formulating remedies and that the Article 18 violation judgments evidence the same remedial oversight generally present in the Court’s broader case law. The article argues, however, that the Court’s remedial approach in Article 18 violation judgments should be highly prescriptive and specific in respect of both individual and general measures on account of the reality that Article 18 serves both individual and constitutional justice and engages the positive dimension of subsidiarity.
Aetiology and management of persistent withdrawal occlusion in venous ports in oncology patients
Authors: Maňásek V , Zapletalová J , Olosová L , Filáková I , Kociánová I , Drdová K , Škarda J , Chovanec V , Vrána D 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Persistent withdrawal occlusion (PWO) is a specific catheter malfunction characterized by the inability to withdraw blood through the device. The most common cause of PWO in ports is the presence of a fibroblastic sleeve (FS). If malfunction occurs, medication can be applied incorrectly with the increased risk of complications. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven cases of PWO in venous ports were managed. We focused on evaluating the cause of PWO, the frequency of occurrence of FS, and the options to address the malfunction. The patients underwent fluoroscopy with a contrast agent administration. Mechanical disruption (MD) with a syringe of saline using the flush method was used; in case of its failure, subsequent administration of a lock solution with taurolidine and urokinase, or low-dose thrombolysis with alteplase was indicated. Demographic data were compared with a control group. Results: A significantly higher proportion of female patients was found in the cohort of patients with PWO (80.3% vs 66.3%, p = 0.004), dominantly patients with ovarian cancer (12.8% vs 4.8%, p = 0.022). No effect of the cannulated vein or the type of treatment on the incidence of PWO was demonstrated. The presence of FS was verified in 70% of cases. MD with a syringe was successful in 53.5% of cases. A significantly shorter time to referral (3 weeks) was demonstrated with successful management. The overall success rate of achieving desobliteration by MD alone or in combination with a thrombolytic (urokinase or alteplase) administration was 97.4%. Conclusion: We created a method for resolving PWO using MD +/- application of thrombolytics with 97.4% success rate. Current evidence showed that FS is not likely to be affected by thrombolytic drugs; however, we have ascertained an effect of these drugs, proposing a hypothesis of microthrombotic events at the tip of the catheter if fibroblastic sleeve is present.
Research in Psychiatry Medical Education through “MUST Enrich Grant”: A Scoping Review
Authors: Verma Nitisha , Gupta Snehil , Shatadal Pooja 
Published: August 2024

Background: The Indian Teachers of Psychiatry (IToP) forum introduced a unique research grant scheme- IToP-MUST (Minds United Scholarship for Teachers) Enrich Research Grant- for conducting research in psychiatry education. This scoping review’s objectives are to (a) assess the research areas and methodologies of MUST Enrich grant-supported research, (b) identify strengths and limitations of these research works, and (c) inform the researchers and funding agency concerning robust methodologies and study areas that can be considered in the future. Methods: We included all MUST-funded original educational research projects from their inception (2020) to the present, which were either published or, although unpublished, available in the public domain. Results: Eleven research projects were identified. Most awardees were junior academic faculty members (n = 9, 82%). Eight (73%) studies were related to Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) and were based on teaching-learning (TL) or related methods under the CBME framework, focusing on newer TL methods. Seven of eight (88%) were based on undergraduate TL. Most (n = 8, 73%) of the studies had an observational cross-sectional design, whereas the rest were interventional studies. Almost all were quantitative studies (n = 10, 91%). The prime themes of the research were students’ and teachers’ perspectives on the study topic, innovations in psychiatry TL, and their educational impact. Conclusion: This review’s findings will inform funders and researchers about future research areas and help formulate robust methodologies. Other funders must earmark their funding for educational research to grow this field.
Beyond Dependency in Puerto Rico: Exploring Social and Solidarity Industrial Policy as an Alternative for the Global South
Authors: Fuentes-Ramírez Ricardo R. 
Published: August 2024

This article challenges the mainstream economic argument that attributes Puerto Rico’s economic struggles to overly generous federal welfare programs or an excessively high minimum wage. It traces the root of the island’s structural economic issues to its mid-twentieth-century dependent growth strategy, pre-dating these commonly cited factors. Examining the role of Puerto Rican elites, the article argues that their vested interests in the current model could undermine a suitable industrial policy program. The article posits that the island’s vibrant worker cooperative movement and Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) offer a more promising foundation for an effective industrial policy agenda. Finally, it introduces the concept of Social and Solidarity Industrial Policy as a framework for sustainable development in Puerto Rico and potentially other Global South economies, leveraging democratic state firms, worker cooperatives, and other SSE initiatives. JEL Classification: B50, L52, O54
The role of diet in cancer: the potential of shaping public policy and clinical outcomes in the UK
Authors: Britten Oliver , Tosi Sabrina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCancer universally represents one of the largest public health concerns, substantially contributing to global disease burden and mortality. The multifaceted interplay of environmental and genetic factors in the disease aetiology and progression has required comprehensive research to elucidate modifiable elements which can reduce the risk of incidence and improve prognosis. Among these factors, diet and nutrition have emerged as the most fundamental with a significant potential for influence and effect. Nutrition is not only an essential part of human survival, but also a vital determinant of overall health. Certain dietary requirements are necessary to support normal physiology. This includes individualised levels of macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates and fats) and specific micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Extensive research has demonstrated that diet plays a role in cancer pathogenesis at the genetic, epigenetic and cellular level. Therefore, its potential as a modifiable determinant of cancer pathogenesis for the purpose of prevention and improving management of disease must be further explored and implemented. The ability to influence cancer incidence and outcomes through dietary changes is underutilised in clinical practice and insufficiently recognised among the general public, healthcare professionals and policy-makers. Dietary changes offer the opportunity for autonomy and control over individuals health outcomes. Research has revealed that particular dietary components, as well as cultural behaviours and epidemiological patterns may act as causative or protective factors in cancer development. This review aims to comprehensively synthesise this research to further explore how to best utilise this knowledge within the community and clinical environment for more effective cancer prevention and therapeutic strategies. The identified key areas for improvement include the development of more specific, widely accepted guidelines, promoting increased involvement of dieticians within cancer multidisciplinary teams, enhancing nutritional education for healthcare professionals and exploring the potential implementation of personalised nutrition tools. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between diet and cancer will facilitate informed clinical interventions and public health policies to reduce global cancer burden and improve care for cancer patients and survivors.