bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of tribbles protein-1 attenuates radioresistance in human glioma cells
Authors: Tang Bo , Wu Wei , Zhang Qing , Sun Yongjin , Cui Yifen , Wu Fei , Wei Xiaowei , Qi Guangying , Liang Xingsi , Tang Fang , Li Yunqian , Fan Wenhai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRadiotherapy is one of the remedies in the treatment of glioma. The radioresistance is a major drawback, of which the mechanism is unclear. Tribble protein and histone deacetylase are involved in the cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to test a hypothesis that the histone deacetylase inhibitors attenuate the radioresistance in human glioma cells. In this study, human glioma cells were cultured. The cells were treated with irradiation with or without a histone deacetylase inhibitor, butyrate. Apoptosis of the glioma cells was assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that human glioma cells expressed a low level of Trib1, which was significantly up regulated by exposure to small doses (2 Gy/day for 4 days) of irradiation. Trib1-deficient glioma cells showed an enhanced response to irradiation-induced apoptosis. Exposure to small doses of irradiation, Trib1 formed a complex with pHDAC1 (phosphor histone deacetylase-1) to inhibit p53 expression in glioma cells. The presence of HDAC1 inhibitor, butyrate or parthenolide, significantly enforced irradiation-induced glioma cell apoptosis. In conclusion, the Trib1 plays a critical role in the development of radioresistance of glioma cells. The data suggest that inhibition of Trib1 or HDAC1 has the potential to prevent or attenuate the radioresistance.
Plastid control of abaxial-adaxial patterning
Authors: Mateo-Bonmatí Eduardo , Casanova-Sáez Rubén , Quesada Víctor , Hricová Andrea , Candela Héctor , Micol José Luis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTranslational regulation, exerted by the cytosolic ribosome, has been shown to participate in the establishment of abaxial-adaxial polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana: many hypomorphic and null alleles of genes encoding proteins of the cytosolic ribosome enhance the leaf polarity defects of asymmetric leaves1 (as1) and as2 mutants. Here, we report the identification of the SCABRA1 (SCA1) nuclear gene, whose loss-of-function mutations also enhance the polarity defects of the as2 mutants. In striking contrast to other previously known enhancers of the phenotypes caused by the as1 and as2 mutations, we found that SCA1 encodes a plastid-type ribosomal protein that functions as a structural component of the 70S plastid ribosome and, therefore, its role in abaxial-adaxial patterning was not expected.
Mapping of multi-elements during melting and solidification using synchrotron X-rays and pixel-based spectroscopy
Authors: Liotti E. , Lui A. , Connolley T. , Dolbnya I.P. , Sawhney K.J.S. , Malandain A. , Wilson M.D. , Veale M.C. , Seller P. , Grant P.S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA new synchrotron-based technique for elemental imaging that combines radiography and fluorescence spectroscopy has been developed and applied to study the spatial distribution of Ag, Zr and Mo in an Al alloy during heating and melting to 700 and then re-soldification. For the first time, multi-element distributions have been mapped independently and simultaneously, showing the dissolution of Ag- and Zr-rich particles during melting and the inter-dendritic segregation of Ag during re-solidification. The new technique is shown to have wide potential for metallurgical and materials science applications where the dynamics of elemental re-distribution and segregation in complex alloys is of importance.
NAA10 mutation causing a novel intellectual disability syndrome with Long QT due to N-terminal acetyltransferase impairment
Authors: Casey Jillian P. , Støve Svein I. , McGorrian Catherine , Galvin Joseph , Blenski Marina , Dunne Aimee , Ennis Sean , Brett Francesca , King Mary D. , Arnesen Thomas , Lynch Sally Ann 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report two brothers from a non-consanguineous Irish family presenting with a novel syndrome characterised by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, scoliosis and long QT. Their mother has a milder phenotype including long QT. X-linked inheritance was suspected. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel missense variant (c.128 A > C; p.Tyr43Ser) in NAA10 (X chromosome) as the cause of the family’s disorder. Sanger sequencing confirmed that the mutation arose de novo in the carrier mother. NAA10 encodes the catalytic subunit of the major human N-terminal acetylation complex NatA. In vitro assays for the p.Tyr43Ser mutant enzyme showed a significant decrease in catalytic activity and reduced stability compared to wild-type Naa10 protein. NAA10 has previously been associated with Ogden syndrome, Lenz microphthalmia syndrome and non-syndromic developmental delay. Our findings expand the clinical spectrum of NAA10 and suggest that the proposed correlation between mutant Naa10 enzyme activity and phenotype severity is more complex than anticipated; the p.Tyr43Ser mutant enzyme has less catalytic activity than the p.Ser37Pro mutant associated with lethal Ogden syndrome but results in a milder phenotype. Importantly, we highlight the need for cardiac assessment in males and females with NAA10 variants as both patients and carriers can have long QT.
Generation of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene knockout rabbits by homologous recombination and gene trapping through somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Yin Mingru , Jiang Weihua , Fang Zhenfu , Kong Pengcheng , Xing Fengying , Li Yao , Chen Xuejin , Li Shangang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe rabbit is a common animal model that has been employed in studies on various human disorders and the generation of genetically modified rabbit lines is highly desirable. Female rabbits have been successfully cloned from cumulus cells and the somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology is well established. The present study generated hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene knockout rabbits using recombinant adeno-associated virus-mediated homologous recombination and SCNT. Gene trap strategies were employed to enhance the gene targeting rates. The male and female gene knockout fibroblast cell lines were derived by different strategies. When male HPRT knockout cells were used for SCNT, no live rabbits were obtained. However, when female HPRT+/− cells were used for SCNT, live, healthy rabbits were generated. The cloned HPRT+/− rabbits were fertile at maturity. We demonstrate a new technique to produce gene-targeted rabbits. This approach may also be used in the genetic manipulation of different genes or in other species.
The relationship between weight change and risk of hip fracture: meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Lv Qing-Bo , Fu Xin , Jin Hai-Ming , Xu Hai-Chao , Huang Zhe-Yu , Xu Hua-Zi , Chi Yong-Long , Wu Ai-Min 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe relationship between weight change and risk of hip fracture is still controversial. We searched PubMed and Embase for studies on weight change and risk of hip fracture. Eight prospective studies were included. The weight loss studies included 85592 participants with 1374 hip fractures and the weight gain studies included 80768 participants with 732 hip fractures. Weight loss is more likely a risk factor of hip fracture, with an adjusted RR (Relative Risk) (95% CI) of 1.84 (1.45, 2.33). In contrast, weight gain can decrease the risk of hip fracture, with an adjusted RR (95% CI) of 0.73 (0.61, 0.89). Dose-response meta-analysis shows that the risk of hip fracture is an ascending curve, with an increase of weight loss above the line of RR = 1; this trend is consistent with the results of forest plots that examine weight loss and hip fracture. For weight gain and risk of hip fracture, the descending curve below the line of RR = 1; this trend is consistent with the results of forest plots that examine weight gain and hip fracture. Our meta-analysis suggests that weight loss may be a risk factor for hip fracture and that weight gain may be a protective factor for hip fracture.
Chronic lung infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is cured by L-Methionine in combination with antibiotic therapy
Authors: Gnanadhas Divya Prakash , Elango Monalisha , Datey Akshay , Chakravortty Dipshikha 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBacterial biofilms are associated with 80–90% of infections. Within the biofilm, bacteria are refractile to antibiotics, requiring concentrations >1,000 times the minimum inhibitory concentration. Proteins, carbohydrates and DNA are the major components of biofilm matrix.Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) biofilms, which are majorly associated with chronic lung infection, contain extracellular DNA (eDNA) as a major component. Herein, we report for the first time that L-Methionine (L-Met) at 0.5 μM inhibitsPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) biofilm formation and disassembles established PA biofilm by inducingDNaseexpression. FourDNasegenes (sbcB,endA,eddBandrecJ) were highly up-regulated upon L-Met treatment along with increased DNase activity in the culture supernatant. Since eDNA plays a major role in establishing and maintaining the PA biofilm, DNase activity is effective in disrupting the biofilm. Upon treatment with L-Met, the otherwise recalcitrant PA biofilm now shows susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. This was reflectedin vivo, in the murine chronic PA lung infection model. Mice treated with L-Met responded better to antibiotic treatment, leading to enhanced survival as compared to mice treated with ciprofloxacin alone. These results clearly demonstrate that L-Met can be used along with antibiotic as an effective therapeutic against chronic PA biofilm infection.
Image Artifacts
Authors: DePuey E. Gordon 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Artifacts and normal variants are a significant source of false-positive interpretations of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This chapter discusses how, by anticipating and recognizing such findings, the astute technologist and interpreting physician can increase test specificity in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and avoid unnecessary catheterization of normal patients.
Role of Imaging in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Cuocolo Alberto , Zampella Emilia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Although there has been a marked decline in mortality due to coronary artery disease (CAD) in the overall population in the past three decades, reducing CAD mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) has proven exceptionally difficult. Several epidemiological studies have shown that DM is associated with a marked increase in the risk of CAD. The symptoms are not a reliable means of identifying patients at higher risk considering that angina is threefold less common in DM than in non-DM. Noninvasive cardiac imaging, such as echocardiography, nuclear cardiology, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, can provide insight into different aspects of the disease process, from imaging at the cellular level to microvascular and endothelial dysfunction, autonomic neuropathy, coronary atherosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis with scar formation. In particular, stress myocardial perfusion imaging has taken a central role in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of CAD in DM patients.
Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging
Authors: Morrison Alan R. , Wu Joseph C. , Sadeghi Mehran M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Cardiovascular molecular imaging is a relatively young but rapidly expanding discipline that consists of a biologically-targeted approach to the assessment of physiologic and pathologic processes in vivo. This novel approach to imaging involves the integration of multiple disciplines such as cell and molecular biology, chemistry, and imaging sciences. The ultimate goal is quantitative assessment of cardiovascular processes at the cellular and molecular level, moving beyond traditional diagnostic information, in order to guide individually tailored therapy. In fact, it is likely that specific approaches to molecular imaging will be developed in tandem with the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Recent advances in probe development and imaging systems have contributed to evolution of molecular imaging toward clinical translational. These include technological progress in traditional imaging platforms; along with the emergence of newer imaging modalities such as photoacoustic imaging. In addition, hybrid imaging (e.g. nuclear imaging with CT or MRI) has the potential for improved spatial localization, and more accurate quantification by coupling anatomic and biological information. In addition to potential clinical applications that address existing diagnostic gaps in cardiovascular medicine, molecular imaging allows for unique approaches to studying pathophysiology. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the state of the art in cardiovascular molecular imaging, highlighting how it may improve the management of major cardiovascular diseases.
Use of Artificial Intelligence Including Decision Support Systems in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Garcia Ernest V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Artificial intelligence methods, including clinical decision support systems will continue to evolve with, and adapt to, nuclear cardiology and the changing needs of physicians in specific, and to nuclear medicine technology and the health care system in general. The high level of automation already achieved in myocardial perfusion imaging is unmatched by any other cardiac imaging modality, and continues to be its major strength. In addition, strong statistical evaluations of the accuracy and validity of the various techniques have been made possible simply because of the large amount of objectivity and standardization in the automated processes. These strengths when applied to decision support systems that are affordable and easily accessible should allow most nuclear cardiology physicians to perform at a high level of expertise when interpreting imaging studies to demonstrate the value of nuclear cardiology in patient management, and most importantly, to maintain the highest quality clinical care.
Physician Certification and Lab Accreditation
Authors: Van Decker William A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Physician Certification and Lab Accreditation in Nuclear Cardiology are two key cornerstones of the Quality Program of this medical field. The ability and privilege to handle Isotopes for medical use is regulated by NRC with federal laws on training and experience (10CFR 35) incorporated into clinical training guidelines. Core Cardiology Training Symposium (COCATS) and documents sponsored (and updated) by the American College of Cardiology (ACC) specify the clinical training necessary to independently practice nuclear cardiology. Certification Board of Nuclear Cardiology (CBNC) collects appropriate prerequisite statements of training that match guidelines and administers a well- constructed examination leading to physician certification in recognition of meeting national standards to practice Nuclear Cardiology. Policies and procedures of NRC/COCATS/CBNC are reviewed in this chapter and near term challenges to evolving physician certification in a complex healthcare system are explored. Lab Accreditation is a quality process that goes beyond physicians to assess equipment, staff, policies and procedures, image quality, and reporting. Lab accreditation by one of three recognized accrediting bodies is now mandated for reimbursement of advanced imaging in Medicare program. Intersociety Accreditation Commission (IAC, Nuclear/PET division) is a recognized body for lab accreditation and has placed special emphasis on clinical reporting/outcomes and meaningful quality improvement activities. IAC Nuclear cardiology Standards are reviewed as opportunities to externally be recognized for meeting quality standards within a protected peer review climate. As with certification, near term challenges exist for evolving lab accreditation and these are explored as well in this chapter.
Endovascular approach to the trauma patient
Authors: Diamantopoulos Athanasios , Katsanos Konstantinos 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A 34-year-old male was admitted to the A&E department as a result of a motorcycle accident. The patient complained of mild left upper quadrant abdominal pain. He had normal vital signs and was haemodynamically stable. His haemoglobin (Hb) was 13.5g/dl on admission. As per institute protocol the patient underwent abdominal ultrasonography (US), which at the time showed no signs of intra-abdominal free fluid or other site-specific organ injury. The patient was admitted to the hospital for observation and reassessment as necessary. An hour later the patient started complaining of worsening pain and a second haemoglobin sample showed a drop of 2.1g/dl (Hb = 11.4g/dl). As active bleeding was suspected, the patient underwent a contrast-enhanced CT scan which identified contrast extravasation in the spleen. The consensus was to immediately transfer him to the angiographic suite for embolization in order to control the bleeding. Selective angiography of the splenic artery verified the presence of an intra-parenchymal active bleeding site and the appropriate branches were selectively catheterized and embolized using a microcatheter and microcoils with a satisfactory final angiographic result. The patient had an uneventful recovery without any signs of post-embolization syndrome and was discharged from the hospital three days later. In this case we discuss the indications and techniques used in the endovascular management of trauma-related injuries.
Percutaneous varicelectomy: coils or sclerosant agents?
Authors: Venettucci Piero , Krokidis Miltiadis , Iaccarino Vittorio 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Varicocele is the most common treatable cause of male infertility. However, definitive treatment is very challenging, and there is a high recurrence rate after the majority of surgical and percutaneous procedures. A meticulous knowledge of the anatomy and the physiology of the venous plexus of the internal spermatic vein is required to understand the principles of endovascular treatment and to make the most appropriate choice of the required embolic agent. In this case we describe a 19-year-old male who was treated with surgical ligation but varicocele recurred two years later. The patient was treated with percutaneous sclerotheraphy with excellent results.
Malignant biliary strictures: covered or uncovered stents?
Authors: Krokidis Miltiadis , Hatzidakis Adam 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The vast majority of cases of malignant jaundice are due to a non-operable tumour. Palliation is of paramount importance for the quality of life of such patients. Stents have an established role in the palliation of malignant biliary disease, aiming for drainage of bile towards the duodenum and the resolution of jaundice. The first stents that were introduced in clinical practice were plastic; these were soon replaced by self-expandable metallic stents because of their longer patency. However, bare metallic stents tend to become occluded by tumour in-growth and therefore covered metallic stents were developed. We describe a case where a covered metallic stent was used for the palliation of a patient with malignant jaundice due to a pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and we review the current evidence in the literature.
Vertebroplasty of the cervical spine
Authors: Tsoumakidou Georgia , Gangi Afshin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A case of cervical level primary aneurysmal bone cyst treated percutaneously with vertebroplasty is discussed. The patient presented with local pain due to vertebral body fracture with no signs of radiculopathy or neurological deficit. The procedure was performed under general anaesthesia and combined CT-fluoroscopic guidance. An anterior approach was used with the needle trajectory between the carotid sheath laterally, and the thyroid gland and oesophagus medially. The patient was symptom free immediately after the procedure. The short- and long-term clinical and imaging follow-up was satisfactory
Percutaneous neurolytic coeliac plexus block
Authors: Galea Angie , Guinness Richard , Watkinson Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Coeliac axis neurosis involves injection of a neuroleptic agent under imaging guidance into the retrocrural space. This is a palliative technique that is generally used to control pain secondary to pancreatic cancer. This case highlights the key steps involved using a practical example and discusses anatomy, indications, complications, and results. Whilst nothing can replace hands-on experience, a few technical, clinical, and expert tips are offered to familiarize the radiologist with the challenging concepts involved in this uncommon procedure.
Video Protocols and Techniques for Movement Disorders
Authors: Barton Brandon R , Hall Deborah A 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Movement-disorder neurology is an inherently visual-based subspecialty in which the type of movement, its distribution, and its impact on activities or rest are the most important elements that lead to accurate diagnosis. No amount of words in a chart can convey as much useful information as the direct visualization of the patient at rest and during activity. Despite the importance of videotaping to the field, there has been no standardization of protocols for videotaping movement disorders patients. Video recordings help document the phenomenology of the movements, their anatomical distributions, their impact on activities of daily living, and responses to treatment. Further, they are teaching tools that can help educate health professionals so that they can rate the severity of a given disorder, providing a visual document to review and discuss with one’s peers. The challenges of visual recording are several, and we will cover technical issues as well as medical decisions on exactly what to film and how to capture the essential features of a given patient’s disorder. We have chosen videos out of our recent practice that represent the “real life,” practical application of videotaping in practice. The most important overall impact of careful videotaping is improved patient care.
Dyskinesia
Authors: Barton Brandon R. , Hall Deborah A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Dyskinesia is a general term that refers to any kind of abnormal/bad (dys-) involuntary movements (-kinesia). Dyskinesias in Parkinson Disease (PD) can be both choreic and dystonic in nature, and are a nearly universal complication of drug therapy in PD. Videos done specifically to measure dyskinesias in PD are most helpful in settings for screening for clinical trials and pre-surgical evaluations. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a general term that applies to movement disorders resulting from long-term therapy with dopamine receptor-blocking medications. The most common manifestation of TD are repetitive, stereotypic chewing-like movements of the mouth, jaw, and/or tongue. Many patients also have combined choreic movements of the limbs.
Instructions for the Videographer
Authors: Barton Brandon R. , Hall Deborah A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The videographer helps to pick the appropriate videotaping protocol, maximize accuracy and completeness of video exams, and interact with clinical staff to provide further clinical information about the patient. Though a dedicated videographer is ideal to complete the full protocol, many institutions may not have staffing to accomplish this degree of detailed video documentation; in this case the videographer (a physician or medical trainee) may only be able to highlight the main features of the examination. Efficient communication will make the video session effective. The protocol for each movement disorder should be followed as closely as possible. General rules of courtesy and professionalism should be emphasized.