bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crestal bone loss related to immediate implants in crestal and subcrestal position: a pilot study in dogs
Authors: Calvo‐Guirado Jose Luis , López‐López Patricia Jara , Mate Sanchez Jose Eduardo , Gargallo Albiol Jordi , Velasco Ortega Eugenio , Delgado Ruiz Rafael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare crestal bone loss with different implant designs inserted immediately in crestal or subcrestal position in post‐extraction sockets in a dog model.Materials and MethodsThe mandibular second, third, fourth premolars, and the first molars of six adult fox hound dogs were extracted bilaterally, and 48 implants were placed immediately in both hemi‐arches of each dog. Randomly, eight implants (sky classic ® and blue sky ®) were inserted, four crestally (control group) and four 2 mm subcrestally (test group). Both groups were treated with a minimal mucoperiosteal flap elevation approach. After a 12‐week healing period, the animals were sacrificed, and samples were obtained. Biopsies were processed for ground sectioning. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out to compare buccal and lingual bone height loss.ResultsAll implants were clinically and histologically osseointegrated. Healing patterns examined microscopically at eight and 12 weeks for both groups (crestal and subcrestal) yielded similar qualitative bone findings. At 12 weeks, the distance from the top of the implant collar to the first BIC (ISBc) showed significant difference between implant positions (crestal or subcrestal) in the buccal aspect (P = 0.1253), values for the crestal group being higher (1.79 ± 0.3 mm) in comparison with the subcrestal group (0.89 ± 0.5 mm). Better results were achieved by both implant designs when implants were placed in the deeper position. No significant differences were found in BIC values (P > 0.05). The total BIC at 8 weeks was (46.22 ± 4.29%) for the crestal group and (49.72 ± 2.21%) for the subcrestal group; at 12 weeks, it was (41.54 ± 3.87%) for the crestal group and (56.87 ± 3.46%) for the subcrestal group.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, the findings suggest that apical positioning of the top of the implant does not jeopardize bone crest and peri‐implant tissue remodeling. However, less resorption of the lingual and buccal crest may be expected when implants are placed 2 mm subcrestally, but this is not related to implant design. Moreover, implants placed subcrestally produced better bone‐to‐implant contact measurements.
Experience of a specialist centre in the management of anastomotic sinus following leaks after low rectal or ileal pouch–anal anastomosis with diverting stoma
Authors: Zhuo C. , Trencheva K. , Maggiori L. , Milsom J. W. , Sonoda T. , Shukla P. J. , Vitellaro M. , Makino T. , Lee S. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe natural history and appropriate management of anastomotic sinus has not been clearly defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, management and outcomes of anastomotic sinus.MethodThe medical records of all patients who underwent a low anterior resection (LAR) or an ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) with a diverting loop ileostomy (LI) and with contrast enema performed before planned stoma closure between 2001 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. The radiological features of the sinus tract, treatment and outcome of anastomotic sinus were studied.ResultsTwenty patients (8.2%) were found to have anastomotic sinuses out of the total of 244 patients who had undergone LAR (n = 146) or IPAA (n = 98) with LI. Of these, 13 (65%) had prior symptomatic leaks, while seven did not. Twelve patients (60%) were found to have simple sinus tracts, while eight had complex sinuses (associated with either pelvic cavities or severe strictures). Five patients with simple tracts were treated with observation alone. Fifteen patients underwent surgical interventions. Overall, with a median follow‐up of 28 (6–73) months, 16 patients (80%) had resolution of their sinuses. All of 12 patients (100%) with simple sinus tracts and four of eight patients (50%) with complex sinuses underwent successful stoma reversals after 8 (3.5–24) months following the initial surgery (P = 0.01).ConclusionPatients with simple tracts are significantly more likely to have complete resolution of sinuses than patients with complex sinuses. Persistent sinus associated with either a pelvic cavity or severe stricture despite surgical intervention is likely to lead to a permanent stoma.
Mini‐probe ultrasonography for the staging of colon cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gall T. M. H. , Markar S. R. , Jackson D. , Haji A. , Faiz O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimWith an increasing array of treatment modalities available for colon cancer, it is increasingly important to stage tumours accurately to allocate the appropriate management. This study evaluated the accuracy of mini‐probe endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in assigning clinical stage to colon cancer.MethodAn electronic search was performed in January 2013 using the Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases. This was supplemented by a hand search of published abstracts from scientific meetings. Trials evaluating the accuracy of the mini‐probe EUS compared with histopathological grade in determining the clinical stage of colon cancer were included in this pooled analysis. The main outcome measures included accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for T and N staging.ResultsTen studies were identified which compared the mini‐probe EUS staging of 642 colon or rectal cancers with the histopathological specimen. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for staging were 0.91 and 0.98 for T1 tumours, 0.78 and 0.94 for T2 tumours, 0.97 and 0.90 for T3/T4 tumours and 0.63 and 0.82 for nodal staging. Eight per cent of T1/T2 tumours were upstaged to T3/T4 tumours and 5% of T3/T4 tumours were downstaged.ConclusionMini‐probe EUS is highly effective for assigning clinical stage in colon cancer and in identifying patients who may be suitable for nonsurgical treatment including neoadjuvant chemotherapy or endoscopic resection.
Abdominal computed tomography, colonography and radiation exposure: what the surgeon needs to know
Authors: Steward M. J. , Taylor S. A. , Halligan S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimAbdominal computed tomography (CT) improves the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and facilitates patient management. Radiation exposure must be considered by requesting clinicians and is especially relevant owing to the increasing use of CT colonography for diagnosis and screening of colorectal disorders. This review describes the radiation dose of abdominopelvic CT and colonography and attempts to quantify the risk for the clinician.MethodArticles were searched in the PubMed and Medline databases using combinations of the MeSH terms ‘radiation’, ‘abdominal computed tomography’ and ‘colonography’. Electronic English language abstracts were read by two reviewers and the full article was retrieved if relevant to the review.ResultsAbdominopelvic CT and CT colonography convey significant radiation dose to the patient but also have considerable diagnostic potential. In the right clinical context, the radiation risk should not be overestimated. Techniques to reduce the dose should be used. Repeated imaging in certain patients is a concern and should be monitored.ConclusionRadiation risk can be quantified and presented simply in a manner that both patients and doctors can comprehend and evaluate. This approach will diminish misconceptions and allow a rational choice of diagnostic test.
Evaluating Conservation Flagships and Flagship Fleets
Authors: Veríssimo Diogo , Fraser Iain , Girão Weber , Campos Alberto A. , Smith Robert J. , MacMillan Douglas C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFlagship species are widely used in conservation but this single species approach has attracted criticism. One response is the “flagship fleet,” which uses several flagship species in one conservation marketing campaign. However, marketing theory suggests multibrand campaigns can be counter‐productive. Here, we develop an evaluation strategy for conservation flagships, and use it to: measure the effectiveness of an existing bird flagship species; detect whether additional species are needed; and, if appropriate, identify which species should be added to create a flagship fleet. We show the bird species has high levels of visibility and recognition, but has traits that appeal to only half the target audience. We also show that this shortcoming could be overcome by forming a flagship fleet based on adding an endemic mammal or fish species but there are additional strategic considerations that must be taken into account, namely in terms of costs and potential future conflicts.
Higher anti‐tumour efficacy of platinum(IV) complex LA‐12 is associated with its ability to bypass M‐phase entry block induced in oxaliplatin‐treated human colon cancer cells
Authors: Vondálová Blanářová O. , Jelínková I. , Hyršlová Vaculová A. , Sova P. , Hofmanová J. , Kozubík A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesTherapeutic potential of conventionally used platinum‐based drugs in treatment of colorectal tumours has been limited due to high incidence of tumour resistance to them and to their severe side effects. This evokes a search for more suitable anti‐cancer drugs. We have compared ability of oxaliplatin and a novel platinum(IV) complex, LA‐12, to modulate the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT116 wt and p53/p21 null cells, and have investigated molecular mechanisms involved.Materials and methodsCell cycle‐related changes were analysed by flow cytometry (bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide staining, histone H3 phosphorylation). Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry (assays monitoring caspase activity) and fluorescence microscopy (nuclear morphology). Changes in levels of genes/proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were examined by RT‐PCR and western blotting.ResultsOur results highlight the outstanding ability of LA‐12 to induce effective elimination of colon cancer cells independently of p53/p21, and in significantly lower doses compared to oxaliplatin. While oxaliplatin induced p53‐ and p21‐dependent G2‐phase arrest associated with downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1, LA‐12 allowed cells to enter M‐phase of the cell cycle regardless of p53/p21 status.ConclusionsHigher malignant cell toxicity and ability to bypass cell cycle arrest important for the cell damage repair suggest LA‐12 to be a more effective candidate for elimination of colon tumours from a variety of genetic backgrounds, compared with oxaliplatin.
ABO incompatible living donor kidney transplantation in Korea: highly uniform protocols and good medium‐term outcome
Authors: Kong Jin Min , Ahn Jeongmyung , Park Jae Beom , Chung Byung‐Ha , Yang Jaeseok , Kim Joong Kyung , Huh Kyu Ha , Kim Jong Man 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe organ shortage is as serious in Korea as in other parts of the world. As about one‐third of the potential living donors are ABO incompatible (ABOi), transplantation across the blood group barrier can help overcome this shortage. One hundred and twenty‐five ABOi kidney transplantations (KTs) were performed between 2007 and 2010 in Korea. We collected the perioperative and follow‐up data for 118 of these patients until September 2011. The preconditioning and immunosuppressive protocols were almost identical across the different transplant centers, with rituximab but no splenectomy; pre‐transplant plasmapheresis (PP) with target anti‐A/B titer 8 or 16 on transplant day, on‐demand, rather than routine, post‐transplant PP, and tacrolimus‐based immunosuppressants. The number of patients and participating centers showed a rapid increase over time, and in 2010, ABOi KT (n = 79) comprised 10% of all the living donor KTs in Korea. The mean follow‐up period was 21 months (range, 1–56 months). Sixteen (14%) patients developed acute rejection, and three of these had antibody‐mediated rejection (AMR). Two‐yr patient and graft survival were 99.2% and 97.5%, respectively. No graft was lost due to AMR. ABOi KT is rapidly expanding in Korea with excellent medium‐term outcome and will help mitigate the organ shortage.
Pilot study of non‐contrast‐enhanced MRI vs. ultrasound in renal transplant recipients with acquired cystic kidney disease: a prospective intra‐individual comparison
Authors: Mühlfeld Anja S. , Lange Christian , Kroll Gisela , Floege Jürgen , Krombach Gabriele A. , Kuhl Christiane , Eitner Frank , Schrading Simone 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) after kidney transplantation is 15‐fold increased. Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is one of the known risk factors. We performed a small pilot study to assess the role of non‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool for intensified screening in renal transplant recipients with ACKD. Renal ultrasound was used to assess the native kidneys of 215 renal transplant recipients. Thirty patients with 54 kidneys, fulfilling the criteria of ACKD, underwent non‐enhanced MRI at 1.5T using T2‐ and T1‐weighed as well as diffusion‐weighted sequences with a high spatial resolution. Among the 54 kidneys assessed by both methods, three RCCs were identified (6%). Of those, one RCC was detected by both imaging methods (33%), while two RCCs were diagnosed by MRI alone (67%). MRI identified an additional four proteinaceous or hemorrhagic cysts that did not fulfill the criteria for RCC but were classified as suspicious. All of these lesions were stable in size and appearance in follow‐up studies. In conclusion, non‐enhanced MRI was more sensitive than ultrasound in identifying RCCs and lesions suspicious for RCC and thus appears to be a useful secondary screening tool in patients with ACKD after renal transplantation.
Sample Size Verification for Clinical Trials
Authors: Shuster Jonathan J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we shall provide simple methods where nonstatisticians can evaluate sample size calculations for most large simple trials, as an important part of the peer review process, whether a grant, an Institutional Review Board review, an internal scientific review committee, or a journal referee. Through the methods of the paper, not only can readers determine if there is a major disparity, but they can readily determine the correct sample size. It will be of comfort to find in most cases that the sample size computation is correct, but the implications can be major for the minority where serious errors occur. We shall provide three real examples, one where the sample size need was seriously overestimated, one (HIP PRO‐test of a device to prevent hip fractures) where the sample size need was dramatically underestimated, and one where the sample size was correct. The HIP PRO case is especially troubling as it went through an NIH study section and two peer reviewed journal reports without anyone catching this sample size error of a factor of more than five‐fold.
Bioclimatic velocity: the pace of species exposure to climate change
Authors: Serra‐Diaz Josep M. , Franklin Janet , Ninyerola Miquel , Davis Frank W. , Syphard Alexandra D. , Regan Helen M. , Ikegami Makihiko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the velocity of species‐specific exposure to climate change for mid‐ and late 21st century and develop metrics that quantify exposure to climate change over space and time.LocationCalifornia Floristic Province, south‐western USA.MethodsOccurrences from presence/absence inventories of eight Californian endemic tree species (Pinus balfouriana [Grev.&Balf.], Pinus coulteri [D.Don], Pinus muricata [D.Don.], Pinus sabiniana [D.Don], Quercus douglasii [Hook.&Arn.], Quercus engelmannii [Greene], Quercus lobata [Nee] and Quercus wislizeni [A.DC.]) were used to develop eight species distribution models (SDMs) for each species with the BIOMOD platform, and this ensemble was used to construct current suitability maps and future projections based on two global circulation models in two time periods [mid‐century: 2041–2070 and late century (LC): 2071–2100]. From the resulting current and future suitability maps, we calculated a bioclimatic velocity as the ratio of temporal gradient to spatial gradient. We developed and compared eight metrics of temporal exposure to climate change for mid‐ and LC for each species.ResultsThe velocity of species exposure to climate change varies across species and time periods, even for similarly distributed species. We find weak support among the species analysed for higher velocities in exposure to climate change towards the end of the 21st century, coinciding with harsher conditions. The variation in the pace of exposure was greater among species than for climate projections considered.Main conclusionsThe pace of climate change exposure varies depending on period of analysis, species and the spatial extent of conservation decisions (potential ranges versus current distributions). Translating physical climatic space into a biotic climatic space helps informing conservation decisions in a given time frame. However, the influence of spatial and temporal resolution on modelled species distributions needs further consideration in order to better characterize the dynamics of exposure and species‐specific velocities.
Abiotic surrogates for temperate rocky reef biodiversity: implications for marine protected areas
Authors: Rees Matthew J. , Jordan Alan , Price Owen F. , Coleman Melinda A. , Davis Andrew R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the potential of remotely sensed abiotic measures as surrogates for the abundance, diversity and community composition of temperate rocky reef fishes and sessile invertebrates.LocationBatemans Marine Park, south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe used high‐resolution bathymetric side‐scan sonar imagery to quantify abiotic measures of rocky reef habitat, within a marine protected area (MPA), and examine the relationship between abiotic measures and (1) sessile invertebrate abundance, (2) sessile invertebrate species richness, (3) total fish abundance, (4) fish species richness, and (5) Monacanthidae abundance using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). We chose GAMMs as the preferred statistical analysis to account for the spatial autocorrelation present in our data.ResultsWe found a strong positive relationship between abiotic measures and sessile invertebrate abundance and diversity (r2 > 0.64). By far the most important predictor was vertical relief within a 75 m radii seascape surrounding the faunal survey. Overall, abiotic measures were poor predictors of total fish abundance (r2 = 0.175) and fish species richness (r2 = 0.276), with minimum adequate models producing low explanatory power. In contrast, Monacanthids exhibited a strong positive relationship with abiotic variables (r2 = 0.385), with increased abundance associated with greater depth and distance from soft sediment.Main conclusionsRemotely sensed abiotic measures are important predictors in describing the spatial patterns of sessile invertebrate abundance and diversity and Monacanthid abundance. In contrast, abiotic variables were poor predictors of total fish abundance and diversity. Habitat could be a useful cost‐effective surrogate to determine areas of conservation value for certain temperate rocky reef assemblages. This information is valuable for future MPA development and design.
A cohort study on full breastfeeding and child neuropsychological development: the role of maternal social, psychological, and nutritional factors
Authors: Julvez Jordi , Guxens Monica , Carsin Anne‐Elie , Forns Joan , Mendez Michelle , Turner Michelle C , Sunyer Jordi 
Published: October 2013

AimThis study investigated whether duration of full breastfeeding is associated with child neuropsychological development and whether this association is explained by social, psychological, and nutritional factors within families.MethodParticipants in this study were a population‐based birth cohort in the city of Sabadell (Catalonia, Spain). Females were recruited during the first trimester of pregnancy between July 2004 and July 2006. Information about parental characteristics and breastfeeding was obtained through questionnaires. Full breastfeeding was categorized as never, short term (≤4mo), long term (4–6mo), or very long term (>6mo). A trained psychologist assessed the neuropsychological development of children at 4 years of age (n=434) using the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA).ResultsFull breastfeeding showed an independent association with child general MSCA scores after adjusting for a range of social, psychological, and nutritional factors (>6mo, coefficient=7.4 [95% confidence interval=2.8–12.0], p=0.011). Maternal social class, education level, and IQ were also associated with child neuropsychological scores, but did not explain breastfeeding associations. Omega‐3 (n3) fatty acid levels were not associated with child neuropsychological scores.InterpretationVery long‐term full breastfeeding was independently associated with neuropsychological functions of children at 4 years of age. Maternal indicators of intelligence, psychopathology, and colostrum n3 fatty acids did not explain this association.
Retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and geriatric scale scores in elderly people with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Le Floch J.‐P. , Doucet J. , Bauduceau B. , Verny C. ,   SFD/SFGG Intergroup
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo analyse the relationships between retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy and geriatric scale scores in elderly people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsGERODIAB is the first French multi‐centre, prospective, observational study designed to assess the influence of glycaemic control on mortality and morbidity through a 5‐year follow‐up study in people with Type 2 diabetes aged 70 years and older. In this report the relationships at baseline between retinopathy, nephropathy and peripheral neuropathy, and five geriatric scale scores in 987 people, using bivariate and multivariate analyses are analysed.ResultsRetinopathy (26%) was significantly associated with impaired scores on the Mini Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale. Logistic regression showed that the duration of diabetes, BMI, Mini Geriatric Depression Scale, hypoglycaemia and HbA1c were associated with retinopathy (concordance 69.1%; P < 0.001). Nephropathy (47.4%, including 34.8% with Modification of Diet in Renal Disease < 60 ml/min) was significantly associated with impaired Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale scores. Using the logistic model, the most significant factors were age, duration of diabetes, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypoglycaemia, hypertension and BMI (concordance 66.3%; P < 0.001). Peripheral neuropathy (28.2%) was associated with impaired scores on the Mini Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Mini Geriatric Depression Scales. In the logistic model, diastolic blood pressure, duration of diabetes and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Mini Geriatric Depression Scale and Mini Mental State Examination scales were included (concordance 69.8%; P < 0.001).ConclusionIn this specific sample, classical microvascular complications of diabetes were found to be associated with impaired geriatric scale scores. This highlights the benefits of systematic assessment in elderly people with Type 2 diabetes.