bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uncovered – Performing everyday clothes
Authors: Penna Xristina 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Uncovered is an interactive installation based on a simple yet complex performance system that uses the participants’ clothes as a springboard for devising material for the show ad hoc. Everyday clothes are performing in Uncovered and consist the material for the show. They are the objects that tranverse from a ‘silent existence’ to an ‘oral state’ open to appropriation (Barthes [1957] 2009: 131). Gaston Bachelard would argue that ‘immensity is an intimate dimension’ (Bachelard [1958] 1994: 194) and also that ‘immensity is a philosophical category of a daydream’ ([1958] 1994: 183). During an interview session the audience/participant encounters the projected image of one of his or her clothes and re-thinks, rejects, remembers, reflects, resists with this image. The artist makes a rough copy of the garment using white fabric while the sound designer picks up sound from the clothes and composes a short sound piece. The team of three (performer, sound designer and the artist) with the use of projection, live camera feed, sound, the body of the performer and the piece of clothing itself, present a two-minute improvisation to each one of the audience/participants. The audience are invited in an intimate space to daydream and reflect by looking at the image of one of their clothes. In this visual essay I will use the metaphor of zooming in the network-like-texture of a fabric in an attempt to communicate the experience of Uncovered: the layers and immense weaving of thoughts, emotions, memories that was triggered by the delimiting image of the participants’ clothes.
What is it then, this Grammaticalization?
Authors: Mengden Ferdinand von , Simon Horst J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSo. . . what is it then, this grammaticalization? Probably every linguist who is interested in language change will have raised this question at some point. And many of them will also have some answer more or less at hand. The problem is that these answers may all differ in one detail or other. A likely reason for this is the great success (or, for that matter, popularity) that the concept of grammaticalization has enjoyed in historical linguistics to date. Therefore, maybe inevitably, the proliferation of analyses within the domain of grammaticalization studies has also led to a proliferation of terms and notions, not all of them sharply defined. This, in turn, has produced a certain dissatisfaction with the state of the field among many more sceptical (or maybe just more cautious) linguists. Hence, the most important aim of the present collection of articles (which presents a selection of the papers presented at the workshop “Refining Grammaticalization” at Freie Universität Berlin in February 2012) is to try to come to grips with the notion of grammaticalization and related concepts in the light of recent theorizing in historical linguistics.
Quo vadis grammaticalization theory? Why complex language change is like words
Authors: Wiemer Björn 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe article addresses structural aspects of language change which have been ascribed to grammaticalization and have tacitly been presupposed by diverse accounts (i) of the motives of complex changes, (ii) of the role of language contact, and (iii) by attempts to create areal profiles of language types and zones of convergence. We discuss some of the preconditions for a comprehensive and yet unified treatment of changes in which grammaticalization would not become an anythinggoes concept of grammatical change. Starting from a reconsideration of Lehmann’s parameters and their treatment in the literature, we first address problems connected to accounts based on prototypes (or checklists). Parameters belonging to the syntagmatic axis are analyzed in more detail. Even though parameters may be ranked within prototype-based approaches, such an approach is shown to be insufficient in articulating a coherent theory. An alternative might consist in the application of a superordinate principle based on relative discourse prominence (together with conventionalization). The advantages and drawbacks of both approaches are investigated, and it is argued that they should be employed as complementary parts of a coherent grammaticalization theory that is yet to be detailed.
What is secondary grammaticalization? Trying to see the wood for the trees in a confusion of interpretations
Authors: Breban Tine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOver the years, several studies on grammaticalization have used the contrasting terms primary and secondary grammaticalization for, roughly speaking, changes from lexical to grammatical and from grammatical to (more) grammatical. Primary grammaticalization has been treated as instantiating prototypical grammaticalization. This article scrutinizes the concept of secondary grammaticalization with the goal of assessing whether it has explanatory power and encompasses processes of grammaticalization that are sufficiently different from primary grammaticalization to justify distinct terminology. In the first part of the article, I take stock of the different definitions and interpretations of the concept of secondary grammaticalization in the literature. I conclude from this review that there is no unified definition and that the concept has in fact been applied to an array of widely differing changes. In the second part, I take a closer look at five distinct interpretations, which together cover the spectrum of phenomena featuring in the literature, in order to assess their explanatory power and relevance. The conclusion from this exercise is that the changes identified in each of the five definitions can be captured within a general definition of grammaticalization, and neither of them necessitates the addition of secondary grammaticalization as a separate notion.
Difference in mental state between Internet-addicted and non-addicted Japanese undergraduates
Authors: Hirao Kazuki 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Internet addiction (IA) is a common disorder among adolescents throughout most of the industrialized world. The purpose of this study was to compare mental states between Japanese undergraduates with IA and those without IA.
Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 165 healthy participants were assessed for IA using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), for the frequency and quality of flow experiences in daily life using the Flow Experience Checklist (FEC), and for depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS).
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of IA in the participants of this study was 15% and the frequencies of flow experience and depressive symptoms were significantly higher in the IA group.
Conclusion: The results indicate that IA affects a significant number of Japanese university students and is associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms, suggesting a need for intervention programs as part of student mental health services.
Multiple sexual partnerships among female adolescents in rural Uganda: the effects of family structure and school attendance
Authors: Pilgrim Nanlesta A. , Ahmed Saifuddin , Gray Ronald H. , Sekasanvu Joseph , Lutalo Tom , Nalugoda Fred , Serwadda David , Wawer Maria J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background: A better understanding is needed of the contextual factors that influence HIV risk behaviors among female adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of family structure on lifetime sexual partners and on the number of sexual partners in the last year among female adolescents in rural Rakai, Uganda. In addition, the study assessed whether the influence of family structure on these outcomes differed by the school attendance status of the adolescents.

Methods: The sample consisted of 2337 unmarried adolescent girls, aged 15–19, enrolled in the Rakai Community Cohort Study. The last survey interview within the time period of 2001–2008 available for each girl was used. Analyses were stratified by age (15–17 year olds and 18–19 year olds) and school status. Multinomial logistic and poisson regressions were used.

Results: Living in a household with a biological father was protective against both outcomes. Family structure was not associated with the outcomes among in-school adolescents but it was significantly associated with the outcomes among out-of-school adolescents.

Conclusion: The findings suggest that understanding the familial context in which female adolescents develop, as well as its interaction with school attendance, is important for HIV prevention efforts. Both research and programmatic initiatives must consider the interplay between the family and school domains when considering ways to reduce HIV acquisition among adolescent women.
The Wartime Origins of the Wirtschaftswunder: The Growth of West German Industry, 1938-55
Authors: Vonyó Tamás 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The paper offers a detailed quantitative account of industrial development in West Germany between 1938 and 1955. It presents value-added, labour and capital input, labour productivity and TFP at industry level. Even though productivity growth was rapid by historical standards in the reconstruction phase after 1948, the expansion of industrial production between 1938 and 1955 was entirely input-driven. The resulting backlog in productivity growth allowed German industry to retain remarkably high growth rates until the end of the Golden Age. The post-war productivity gap took a decade to close after 1945 because the economy remained dislocated for much longer than previously thought. The main dislocating factors besides labour misallocation resulting from the war-induced urban housing shortage were structural disproportions in industrial production caused by the division of Germany. During the Wirtschaftswunder, industrial recovery could tap into surplus capacity and increased market potential.
How did the Capital Market Evaluate Germany’s Prospects for Winning World War I? Evidence from the Amsterdam Market for Government Bonds
Authors: Jopp Tobias A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This study uses prices for the German 3 percent imperial loan issued in several tranches since 1890 and still traded during World War I to measure capital market players’ real-time perceptions of the prospects for Germany as the war proceeded. Price data are gathered from the Amsterdam market for government bonds; the Netherlands remained neutral throughout war. Focusing on the window from August 24th 1915 to August 11th 1919, ten (twelve) turning points are identified in a baseline (extended) model. Each implies a significant adjustment of lenders’ confidence in Germany being able, or willing, to service its debts in the future. Two turning points stand out. In early January 1916, the price plummeted by 14.3 percent between the first and eleventh of the month, which was most likely due to the Military Service Act discussed in the British parliament. On September 19th 1918, the price dropped by 17.5 percent compared to the last available price quote from the end of July. This coincides with the Allied Powers’ revival on all fronts since the summer, leading to the ultimate collapse of the German lines.
Status of Prison Library and Information Resources and Facilities in Nigeria: A Focus at the East
Authors: Eze Jacintha Ukamaka , Dike Virginia W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConsidering the need for sound library and information services to be provided to all in the society of today, this research examined the status of prison library and information resources and facilities in Nigeria with a focus on the southeast geopolitical zone. Seven prison libraries in five States in the zone were used for the study. An observation checklist/ guide was used to collect the required data about the availability, adequacy and functionality of the human and material resources and facilities in these prison libraries. Data generated from the survey was quantitatively analyzed and interpreted in relation to the population of prisoners using the American Library Association’s ASCLA Standards for Adult Correctional Institution and Prison Libraries as a “bench mark”. Findings showed that although the different prisons had apartments for library and had some resources and facilities in place, these resources and facilities were grossly inadequate considering the population of prisoners being served. Facilities like library buildings in these prisons were not to standard, and reading tables and chairs, shelves and library collections (books, periodicals) were all very inadequate. Further findings showed gross inadequacy in number and qualifications of their human resources - librarians and other library workers. Recommendations were made towards enhancing the prison library resources and facilities.
Uranium determination in groundwater using laser spectroscopy
Authors: Jung Euo Chang , Cho Hye-Ryun , Cha Wansik , Park Jong-Ho , Baik Min Hoon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work is to review the laser-based analytical techniques for the quantitative determination of uranium in aqueous solutions. Among the various types of laser-based analytical techniques, two different spectroscopic techniques based on the measurement of laser-induced luminescence of hexavalent uranium ions [U(VI)] in groundwater are reviewed in detail. In the first technique, called time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy, the time-resolved laser-induced luminescence intensities of U(VI) as a function of uranium concentration are measured to obtain the calibration curve. In the second technique, which is based on the simultaneous measurement of the U(VI) luminescence and Raman scattering of water, the calibration curve is obtained by measuring the ratio of the luminescence intensity of U(VI) to the Raman scattering intensity of water for the quantitative determination of uranium. A limit of detection of 0.03 μg/l was achieved at an excitation wavelength of 266 nm using these laser spectroscopic techniques. The results determined using these techniques are in good agreement with the results determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Thus, these laser-based analytical techniques will be useful to personnel requiring a rapid determination of uranium before the shipment of samples to an accredited laboratory, where relatively intricate and expensive apparatuses, such as ICPMS and radiochemical spectrometry, are used.
A structure's deflection measurement and monitoring
system supported by a vision system
Authors: Kohut Piotr , Ga̧ska Adam , Holak Krzysztof , Ostrowska Ksenia , Sładek Jerzy , Uhl Tadeusz , Dworakowski Ziemowit 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
In this paper a vision-based method for measuring vertical
deflection of large engineering structures under load is presented in
example of crane working arm deflection measurements. The deflection is
computed by means of a digital image correlation technique embedded in the
vision-based system. The results of measurements performed on the vision
system were compared with data obtained using a Leica Laser Tracker system.
The comparison revealed proper functioning of the developed vision system in
industrial conditions.
Design Optimization of a Centrifugal Fan with Splitter Blades
Authors: Heo Man-Woong , Kim Jin-Hyuk , Kim Kwang-Yong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMulti-objective optimization of a centrifugal fan with additionally installed splitter blades was performed to simultaneously maximize the efficiency and pressure rise using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Two design variables defining the location of splitter, and the height ratio between inlet and outlet of impeller were selected for the optimization. In addition, the aerodynamic characteristics of the centrifugal fan were investigated with the variation of design variables in the design space. Latin hypercube sampling was used to select the training points, and response surface approximation models were constructed as surrogate models of the objective functions. With the optimization, both the efficiency and pressure rise of the centrifugal fan with splitter blades were improved considerably compared to the reference model.
Kinetic Evaluation of Spin Trapping Rate Constants of New CYPMPO-type Spin Traps for
Superoxide and Other Free Radicals
Authors: Sueishi Yoshimi , Kamogawa Erisa , Nakamura Hideo , Ukai Mitsuko , Kunieda Michio , Okada Taiichi , Shimmei Masashi , Kotake Yashige 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
CYPMPO (5-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propoxyl
cyclophosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide) is a phosphorus
containing spin trap that has been useful in aqueous media. Using
a kinetic ESR spin trapping technique, we evaluated free radical
trapping rate constants of two newly synthesized CYPMPO-type spin
traps, including 2,2-dibutyl-substituted CYPMPO (DBCYP) and
5-phenyl-substituted CYPMPO (PhCYP). We investigated the spin trapping
of five free radical species, i. e., superoxide, hydroxyl radical,
alkoxyl radical, alkyl peroxyl radical and methyl radical. Other than
superoxide, spin trapping rate constants of DBCYP and PhCYP are
comparable to CYPMPO, ranging from 43.9% to 101% of
CYPMPO's corresponding rate constants. However, PhCYP's spin-trapping
rate constant against superoxide was 44% higher than that of
CYPMPO. The results indicate that DBCYP and PhCYP may be the spin
traps as useful as CYPMPO either in aqueous or non-aqueous medium.
Assembly of a Versatile Micro Dispenser Using Off-The-Shelf Components for Applications in Microfluidics
Authors: Mohar Harjyot , O Annie , Jimenez Steven , Munoz Leonel , Hernandez Victor , Estrada Arturo , Fan Sewan , Fatuzzo Laura 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe designed and constructed a drop-on-demand (DOD) droplet dispenser using the piezo inkjet technique that is simple to construct and operate and makes use of readily available components. The droplet dispenser can be easily fitted with cost effective glass nozzles and can be readily tuned to produce consistent drop sizes. The dynamics of the droplet motion are obtained using a calibrated analog video imaging system. We observed very high accelerations for the ejected droplets that corroborate with the applied drive pulse amplitudes. The acceleration measured, near the ejection nozzle, was many times the acceleration of gravity with the largest value of 34g’s. We successfully dispensed glycol water solutions and aqueous suspensions of titanium oxide nanoparticles, with values greater than 10 in the measured pH. For the inkjet droplets deposited on smooth gold/chromium substrates (±3nm surface roughness variation), we observed the well-known coffee ring effect using optical microscopy and nanoparticle morphology using an atomic force microscope.
A Europa e a Ásia: histórias e historiografias comparadas
Authors: Curto Diogo Ramada , Domingos Nuno , Jerónimo Miguel Bandeira 
Published: November 2014

Basendo-se na interpretação dos principais debates suscitados pela obra seminal de Kenneth Pomeranz A grande divergência, recentemente traduzida para o português, este artigo procura reconstituir as dinâmicas historiográficas que nas últimas décadas têm discutido comparativamente o desenvolvimento da Europa e da Ásia. Neste artigo, procura-se, por um lado, realçar a relevância de um conjunto de estudos na reformulação da história das sociedades asiáticas desde a Idade Moderna, entre as quais se destaca o trabalho de Pomeranz. Por outro lado, este artigo identifica e analisa criticamente os principais temas e problemas que decorrem desse movimento historiográfico.
Assessing health-related quality of life in children with spina bifida
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Bishop E. Ralee' , Scogin Mallory A. , Hopson Betsy D. , Arynchyna Anastasia A. , Boddiford Christina J. , Shannon Chevis N. , Blount Jeffrey P. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The purpose of this study is to explore various aspects of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with spinal dysraphism.

METHODS
The authors enrolled a prospective cohort of 159 patients from the multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic. Surveys were distributed to caregivers of patients with spina bifida who were 5 years old and older. Data were collected using the Health Utilities Index Mark 3 focusing on vision, speech, hearing, dexterity, ambulation, cognition, emotions, and pain. Each participant received an overall HRQOL utility score and individual domain subscores. These were correlated with demographic and treatment variables. Analysis was done using SPSS statistics (version 21).

RESULTS
There were 125 patients with myelomeningocele, 25 with lipomyelomeningocele, and 9 with other dysraphisms. Among patients with myelomeningocele, 107 (86%) had CSF shunts in place, 14 (11%) had undergone Chiari malformation Type II decompression, 59 (47%) were community ambulators, and 45 (36%) were nonambulatory. Patients with myelomeningocele had significantly lower overall HRQOL scores than patients with closed spinal dysraphism. Among patients with myelomeningocele, younger patients had higher HRQOL scores. Patients with impaired bowel continence had lower overall HRQOL scores. History of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was associated with worse HRQOL (overall score, ambulation, and cognition subscores). History of Chiari malformation Type II decompression was associated with worse overall, speech, and cognition scores. Patients who could ambulate in the community had higher overall and ambulation scores. A history of tethered cord release was correlated with lower pain subscore. No association was found between sex, race, insurance type, or bladder continence and HRQOL.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with myelomeningocele have significantly lower HRQOL scores than those with other spinal dysraphisms. History of shunt treatment and Chiari decompression correlate with lower HRQOL scores.