bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the Wells Clinical Prediction Rule for Pulmonary Embolism in Older Ambulatory Adults
Authors: Schouten Henrike J. , Geersing Geert‐Jan , Oudega Ruud , van Delden Johannes J.M. , Moons Karel G.M. , Koek Huiberdina L. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesTo determine whether the Wells clinical prediction rule for pulmonary embolism (PE), which produces a point score based on clinical features and the likelihood of diagnoses other than PE, combined with normal D‐dimer testing can be used to exclude PE in older unhospitalized adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingPrimary care and nursing homes.ParticipantsOlder adults (≥60) clinically suspected of having a PE (N = 294, mean age 76, 44% residing in a nursing home).MeasurementsThe presence of PE was confirmed using a composite reference standard including computed tomography and 3‐month follow‐up. The proportion of individuals with an unlikely risk of PE was calculated according to the Wells rule (≤4 points) plus a normal qualitative point‐of‐care D‐dimer test (efficiency) and the presence of symptomatic PE during 3 months of follow‐up within these patients (failure rate).ResultsPulmonary embolism occurred in 83 participants (28%). Eighty‐five participants had an unlikely risk according to the Wells rule and a normal D‐dimer test (efficiency 29%), five of whom experienced a nonfatal PE during 3 months of follow‐up (failure rate = 5.9%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5–13%). According to a refitted diagnostic strategy for older adults, 69 had a low risk of PE (24%), two of whom had PE (failure rate = 2.9%, 95% CI = 0.8–10%).ConclusionThe use of the well‐known and widely used Wells rule (original or refitted) does not guarantee safe exclusion of PE in older unhospitalized adults with suspected PE. This may lead to discussion among professionals as to whether the original or revised Wells rule is useful for elderly outpatients.
Nursing practice in the prevention of pressure ulcers: an observational study of German Hospitals
Authors: Hoviattalab Khadijeh , Hashemizadeh Haydeh , D'Cruz Gibson , Halfens Ruud JG , Dassen Theo 
Published: November 2014

Aims and objectivesThe study aimed to establish the range and extent of preventive interventions undertaken by nurses for patients who are at high risk of developing or currently have a pressure ulcer.BackgroundSince 2000, the German National Expert Standard for the prevention of pressure ulcers has provided evidence‐based recommendations, but limited studies have been published on its adherence in hospitals. There are also limited observational studies that investigated whether patients who are at risk of or have pressure ulcers are provided with appropriate preventative measures.DesignA nonparticipant observational descriptive design was used.MethodsA sample of 32 adult patients who were at high risk of developing or currently had a pressure ulcer were observed during all shifts in medical and surgical wards in two general hospitals in Germany.ResultsA range of preventive interventions that were in line with the German National Expert Standard was observed. The most frequent preventive measures were ‘cleaning the patients’ skin’ and ‘minimizing exposure to moisture’ that were undertaken in more than 90% of all patients. The least frequent measures were ‘patient and relative education’, ‘assessment and recording of nutritional status’.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the pressure ulcers preventive interventions as set out in the German National Expert Standard were not fully implemented. The study highlights the need for further studies on the barriers that impede the undertaking of the interventions that may prevent the development or deterioration of pressure ulcers and the delivery of evidence‐based preventative care.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides an insight into the extent of pressure ulcers preventive practices used by nurses. The results may serve as a basis for developing an effective strategy to improve nursing practice in this area and the promotion of evidence‐based practice. However, our results refer to two general hospitals and for a broader population, further studies with larger data samples are needed.
Experiences of diabetes self‐management: a focus group study among Australians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Carolan Mary , Holman Jessica , Ferrari Michelle 
Published: November 2014

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences and concerns of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in a predominantly low socio‐economic setting.BackgroundCurrently, approximately 1 million Australians have diabetes and rates have more than doubled since 1989. Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for approximately 85% of diabetes cases. Risk factors include obesity, older age, low socio‐economic status, sedentary lifestyle and ethnicity. Older individuals from low socio‐economic backgrounds are particularly at risk of both developing and of mismanaging their condition.DesignExploratory qualitative design.MethodsFocus groups were used to collect data from 22 individuals, aged 40 to more than 70 years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who were attending local health services for their diabetes care. Focus groups ranged in size from four to eight individuals and all were recorded, transcribed and analysed. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsParticipants described their experiences of managing their diabetes as emotionally, physically and socially challenging. Data analysis revealed four main themes including: (1) diabetes the silent disease; (2) a personal journey (3) the work of managing diabetes; and (4) access to resources and services. Throughout, participants highlighted the impact of diabetes on the family, and the importance of family members in providing support and encouragement to assist their self‐management efforts.ConclusionsParticipants in this study were generally satisfied with their diabetes care but identified a need for clear simple instruction immediately post‐diagnosis, followed by a need for additional informal information when they had gained some understanding of their condition.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings reveal a number of unmet information and support needs for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In particular, it is important for healthcare professionals and family members to recognise the significant emotional burden that diabetes imposes, and the type and quantity of information individuals with diabetes prefer. It is also important to consider levels of health literacy in the community when developing diabetes‐related information or programmes.
Randomized prospective study comparing Monarc and Miniarc suburethral slings
Authors: Foote Andrew 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimRecently a miniature version of the Monarc suburethral sling has been introduced. This paper aims to evaluate the postoperative recovery, effectiveness and complications of these two types of suburethral sling.MethodsThis was a prospective randomized series of 50 female patients with stress incontinence who underwent either a Monarc or Miniarc suburethral sling.ResultsThe only significant intraoperative difference was a shorter operation time for the Miniarc (18.8 vs 22.4 min). The success rates were similar at 6 weeks and 6 months.ConclusionThere were no significant differences between the Miniarc and Monarc, except for a significantly shorter Miniarc sling operating time.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratios in patients with endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Authors: Mete Ural Ülkü , Şehitoğlu İbrahim , Bayoğlu Tekin Yeşim , Kir Şahin Figen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimNeutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) may indicate the systemic inflammatory response associated with various cancers. We aimed to investigate the relationship between NLR, PLR, PDW and endometrial pathologies including hyperplasia and cancer.MethodsIn this study, 472 cases who underwent endometrial biopsy were included. Three groups were constituted with respect to biopsy results: group 1, endometrial cancer patients (n = 54); group 2, endometrial hyperplasia patients (n = 152); and group 3, patients with normal biopsy results (n = 281). White blood cell and platelet counts as well as NLR, PLR and PDW recorded from complete blood counts obtained on the same day of biopsy were compared in the three groups.ResultsEndometrial cancer patients were significantly older than the cases in the other two groups (P < 0.001). The NLR in group 1 was significantly higher than group 3 (P = 0.02). However, there was no difference between the three groups with respect to PLR (P = 0.167). PDW was increased in group 1 compared to group 3 (P < 0.001).ConclusionResults of our study have shown that NLR, PLR and PDW are simple, readily available and robust inflammatory markers that may be used in the management of endometrial pathologies. However, the actual predictive potential of these biomarkers still warrants further trials.
Comparison of severe pelvic inflammatory disease, pyosalpinx and tubo‐ovarian abscess
Authors: Kim Ho Yeon , Yang Jeong In , Moon ChongSoo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimInflammation of the upper genital tract causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which may be complicated by pelvic abscesses, such as pyosalpinx and tubo‐ovarian abscess (TOA). This study aimed to determine the clinical differences between pyosalpinx and TOA in patients with PID.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 458 female patients who were admitted to Hallym University Kang Dong Sacred Heart Hospital for a clinical diagnosis of PID from 1 January 2007 to 30 April 2012. Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were compared among the non‐abscess, pyosalpinx, and TOA groups.ResultsWe identified 110 patients (24%) diagnosed with pelvic abscess associated with PID, including 34 with pyosalpinx and 76 with TOA. The pyosalpinx group had shorter hospital stays (P = 0.007), lower C‐reactive protein levels (P = 0.015), smaller mass sizes (P < 0.001), and fewer surgical interventions (P < 0.001) than the TOA group.ConclusionsPyosalpinx is a less severe form of PID that leads to shorter hospital stays and more favorable outcomes than TOA.
Oxic microshield and local pHenhancement protectsZostera muellerifrom sediment derived hydrogen sulphide
Authors: Brodersen Kasper Elgetti , Nielsen Daniel Aagren , Ralph Peter J. , Kühl Michael 
Published: November 2014

SummarySeagrass is constantly challenged with transporting sufficient O2from above‐ to belowground tissue via aerenchyma in order to maintain aerobic metabolism and provide protection against phytotoxins.Electrochemical microsensors were used in combination with a custom‐made experimental chamber to analyse the belowground biogeochemical microenvironment ofZostera muelleriunder changing environmental conditions.Measurements revealed high radial O2release of up to 500 nmol O2 cm−2 h−1from the base of the leaf sheath, maintaining ac. 300‐μm‐wide plant‐mediated oxic microzone and thus protecting the vital meristematic regions of the rhizome from reduced phytotoxic metabolites such as hydrogen sulphide (H2S). H2S intrusion was prevented through passive diffusion of O2to belowground tissue from leaf photosynthesis in light, as well as from the surrounding water column into the flow‐exposed plant parts during darkness. Under water column hypoxia, high belowground H2S concentrations at the tissue surface correlated with the inability to sustain the protecting oxic microshield around the meristematic regions of the rhizome. We also found increased pHlevels in the immediate rhizosphere ofZ. muelleri, which may contribute to further detoxification of H2S through shifts in the chemical speciation of sulphide.Zostera muellerican modify the geochemical conditions in its immediate rhizosphere, thereby reducing its exposure to H2S.
RGS16 Restricts the Pro‐Inflammatory Response of Monocytes
Authors: Suurväli J. , Pahtma M. , Saar R. , Paalme V. , Nutt A. , Tiivel T. , Saaremäe M. , Fitting C. , Cavaillon J.M. , Rüütel Boudinot S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractImmune cells express powerful and harmful effectors that require tight regulation. Heterotrimeric G proteins are critical mediators in translating extracellular signals into cell responses, which need a fine‐tuned regulation for the control of cell activation. Regulator of G‐protein signalling 16 (RGS16) has been identified as a key factor of G protein‐mediated activation in lymphocytes, modulating inflammatory and survival responses of various cell types. However, data about the expression of this regulatory protein in monocytes are scarce, and it has remained unclear whether activation and migration of these cells are regulated by RGS16. In this study, the impact of RGS16 on the production of inflammatory cytokines by activated human monocytes was investigated in vitro using the human promonocytic cell line THP‐1 as a model. Gain and loss of function experiments showed that RGS16 overexpression reduces the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNFα, while RGS16 knockdown by RNAi upregulates IL‐1β, IL‐6 and TNFα but not IL‐8. RGS16 knockdown was also shown to enhance Pam3‐mediated induction of the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10. Our results indicate that RGS16 restricts the activation‐induced pro‐inflammatory profile in myeloid cells.
Human Plasma Lipidome Is Pleiotropically Associated With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Death
Authors: Bellis Claire , Kulkarni Hemant , Mamtani Manju , Kent Jack W. , Wong Gerard , Weir Jacquelyn M. , Barlow Christopher K. , Diego Vincent , Almeida Marcio , Dyer Thomas D. , Göring Harald H.H. , Almasy Laura , Mahaney Michael C. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Williams-Blangero Sarah , Meikle Peter J. , Blangero John , Curran Joanne E. 
Published: November 2014

Background—
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in the United States and is associated with a high economic burden. Prevention of CVD focuses on controlling or improving the lipid profile of patients at risk. The human lipidome is made up of thousands of ubiquitous lipid species. By studying biologically simple canonical lipid species, we investigated whether the lipidome is genetically redundant and whether its genetic influences can provide clinically relevant clues of CVD risk.

Methods and Results—
We performed a genetic study of the human lipidome in 1212 individuals from 42 extended Mexican American families. High-throughput mass spectrometry enabled rapid capture of precise lipidomic profiles, providing 319 unique species. Using variance component–based heritability analyses and bivariate trait analyses, we detected significant genetic influences on each lipid assayed. Median heritability of the plasma lipid species was 0.37. Hierarchical clustering based on complex genetic correlation patterns identified 12 genetic clusters that characterized the plasma lipidome. These genetic clusters were differentially but consistently associated with risk factors of CVD, including central obesity, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, raised serum triglycerides, and metabolic syndrome. Also, these clusters consistently predicted occurrence of cardiovascular deaths during follow-up.

Conclusions—
The human plasma lipidome is heritable. Shared genetic influences reduce the dimensionality of the human lipidome into clusters that are associated with risk factors of CVD.
Influence of patterned sapphire substrates with different symmetry on the light output power of InGaN-based LEDs
Authors: You Yao-Hong , Su Vin-Cent , Ho Ti-En , Lin Bo-Wen , Lee Ming-Lun , Das Atanu , Hsu Wen-Ching , Kuan Chieh-Hsiung , Lin Ray-Ming 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the light output power (LOP) of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) with different symmetry. The GaN epitaxial layers grown on the hexagonal lattice arrangement PSS (HLAPSS) have a lower compressive strain than the ones grown on the square lattice arrangement PSS (SLAPSS). The quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) is also affected by the residual compressive strain. Based on the experimentally measured data and the ray tracing simulation results, the InGaN-based LED with the HLAPSS has a higher LOP than the one with the SLAPSS due to the weaker QCSE within multiple-quantum wells (MQWs).
Bulk effect of the deltoid muscle on the glenohumeral joint
Authors: Rosso Claudio , Mueller Andreas M , McKenzie Brett , Entezari Vahid , Cereatti Andrea , Croce Ugo Della , Ramappa Arun J , Nazarian Ara , DeAngelis Joseph P 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
There remains controversy on the role of the deltoid on glenohumeral translations during basic and pitching motions. We thus studied the passive effect of the deltoid on the deltoid glenohumeral joint center (GHJC).

Methods
Six shoulders were tested using an automated mechanical system. A baseline motion pattern of the intact specimen was contrasted with glenohumeral translation after removal of the deltoid. Each condition was evaluated in abduction (ABD) and an abbreviated throwing motion (ATM) using retro-reflective, bone-embedded markers. The absolute trajectory and the area under the curve (AUC) for each motion were calculated and glenohumeral kinematics with respect to the GH translation were compared.

Results
The removal of the deltoid resulted in significant changes of the GH translation. During 30-60° of ABD, it resulted in a superior and more anterior GH translation, while in the 60-90° segment in a more inferior and medial GH translation. During 90-120°, the GH translation was medialized. In the pitching motion from maximum external rotation to 90° of external rotation (ER), the removal of the deltoid resulted in a more superior, anterior and lateral GH translation. Thus limits anterior translation in the abduction-external rotation position. In the remaining segments (90-80° and 80-45° of ER), it resulted in a lateralization of the GH translation.

Conclusions
Modelling the throwing shoulder, the deltoid has a significant influence on glenohumeral motion. Athletes with deltoid dysfunction and limited range of motion are at risk for injury due to the resulting change in their throwing mechanics.
Height in relation to dementia death: individual participant meta-analysis of 18 UK prospective cohort studies
Authors: Russ Tom C. , Kivimäki Mika , Starr John M. , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Batty G. David 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundThat risk factors measured in middle age may not fully explain future dementia risk implicates exposures acting earlier in life. Height may capture early-life illness, adversity, nutrition and psychosocial stress.AimsTo investigate the little-explored association between height and dementia death.MethodIndividual participant meta-analysis using 18 prospective general population cohort studies with identical methodologies (1994–2008;n= 181 800).ResultsMean follow-up of 9.8 years gave rise to 426 and 667 dementia deaths in men and women respectively. The mean heights were 174.4cm (s.d. = 7.3) for men and 161.0cm (s.d. = 6.8) for women. In analyses taking into account multiple covariates, increasing height was related to lower rates of death from dementia in a dose–response pattern (P⩽0.01 for trend). There was evidence of a differential effect by gender (P= 0.016 for interaction). Thus, the association observed in men (hazard ratio per s.d. decrease in height 1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39) was markedly stronger than that apparent in women (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.24).ConclusionsEarly-life circumstances, indexed by adult height, may influence later dementia risk.
INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS OF FINANCIAL CAPITAL MOBILIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Barhatov Igor , Biruykova Ekaterina , Afanasev Igor 
Published: November 2014

This article views the mechanism and modern forms of financial capital mobilization in risky and uncertain conditions of the economic environment. From the perspective of the institutional approach, there is a group of problems typical for two different financial capital mobilization models: the bank loans market and the stock market. It reveals some contradictions of capital mobilization mechanism through bank lending by a critical assessment of subjective and purely subject-object relations; the major participant currently is the State. The features of the process of investing in a portfolio of securities in the current environment of high volatility of systematic and specific nature are defined, which ultimately determine the need to revise the prerequisites of classical portfolio theory and the development of new algorithms for redistribution of capital.Solving the problem of the role of the State in the financial capital mobilization will allow the mechanism to adjust itself in the direction of growth in bank lending instruments. Simultaneously, there is an increase in the growth rate in the real sector of the Russian economy. The proposed mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory, based on uncertainty factors variety of the economic system being considered, is capable of minimizing the portfolio investment risk.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNAL DIRECTIVES OF THE UNIVERSITY FOR THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION
Authors: Čorejová Andrea , Jarošová Jana 
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we investigate the management system for intellectual property (IP) within the Center for Technology Transfer (CTT) currently operating in the University Science Park–organizational unit of the University of Žilina. The CTT deals with procedural issues: acquisition of intellectual property rights, IP protection, and IP commercialization. In solving selected issues involving the Internal Directive´s content regulating the IP protection and commercialization in CTT of the University of Žilina, we are using available information and knowledge of the directives from both domestic and international universities.This investigation helps the CTT in formulating more effective directive contents for University Science Park in Žilina. The entire system of research and development funding through projects requires accurate and complex monitoring of the use of allocated funds for various activities and persons. For internal usage, it is necessary to obtain discreet evidence that would allow accurate identification of funding received directly from IP creation-related projects.
CREATIVE WORK UNDER COGNITIVE CAPITALISM CONDITIONS
Authors: Barhatov Viktor , Kapkaev Yuner , Dyachenko Oleg 
Published: November 2014

The transformation of production relations, which we have all witnessed during the last 20 years, has shown outdated existing theoretical approaches toward an understanding of the economy. The search for alternative ways of the economic development involves representatives of various scientific fields: post industrialism, information economy, sustainable economic development, new economy and others. Of particular interest is the concept of cognitive capitalism, which allows us to consider the transformation occurring “inside” of capitalism. This article proposes an approach to the study of the cognitive capitalism nature from the perspective of the Marxian theory, productive forces of society, and psychology. Methodological framework used has revealed contradictions of existing liberal-capitalist vector of development and the innovation-oriented economic formation. This is based on the exploitation of economic agent’s creative work. The technique, which allows us to assess the involvement of management in cognitive capitalism, is provided.