bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Amok!”: Mutinies and Slaves on Dutch East Indiamen in the 1780s
Authors: van Rossum Matthias 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn September 1782, a violent and partly successful mutiny of Balinese slaves shocked the Dutch East India Company (VOC). This article will reconstruct the history of the mutiny of theMercuur, tracing its significance in the context of slavery, labour, war, and the series of “Asian mutinies” that occurred in the 1780s. The revolt of the Balinese sheds light on the development of amok as a tradition of resistance. The purpose of calling amok cannot only be explained as a direct, impulsive response to perceived injustice or violation of codes of honour. It functioned as a conscious call to arms, signalling the start of collective and organized resistance. The Balinese mutiny was both similar to and different from other European and Asian forms of revolt.
Vision-based mobile robot motion control combining T2 and ND approaches
Authors: Bonin-Font Francisco , Antich Tobaruela Javier , Rodriguez Alberto Ortiz , Oliver Gabriel 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYNavigating along a set of programmed points in a completely unknown environment is a challenging task which mostly depends on the way the robot perceives and symbolizes the environment and decisions it takes in order to avoid the obstacles while it intends to reach subsequent goals. Tenacity and Traversability (T2)1-based strategies have demonstrated to be highly effective for reactive navigation, extending the benefits of the artificial Potential Field method to complex situations, such as trapping zones or mazes. This paper presents a new approach for reactive mobile robot behavior control which rules the actions to be performed to avoid unexpected obstacles while the robot executes a mission between several defined sites. This new strategy combines the T2 principles to escape from trapping zones together with additional criteria based on the Nearness Diagram (ND)13 strategy to move in cluttered or densely occupied scenarios. Success in a complete set of experiments, using a mobile robot equipped with a single camera, shows extensive environmental conditions where the strategy can be applied.
The use of combined heart rate response and accelerometry to assess the level and predictors of physical activity in tuberculosis patients in Tanzania
Authors: FAURHOLT-JEPSEN M. , FAURHOLT-JEPSEN D. , RANGE N. , PRAYGOD G. , JEREMIAH K. , AABYE M. G. , CHANGALUCHA J. , KRARUP H. , CHRISTENSEN D. L. , ANDERSEN Å. B. , BRAGE S. , FRIIS H. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYWe assessed the role of tuberculosis (TB) disease and HIV infection on the level of physical activity. A combined heart rate and movement sensor was used to assess habitual physical activity in TB patients and non-TB controls. The association between sputum-negative TB, sputum-positive TB, HIV and physical activity estimates were assessed in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, haemoglobin and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP). Sputum-positive [eB0·43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·29–0·64] and sputum-negative (eB0·67, 95% CI 0·47–0·94) TB as well as HIV infection (eB0·59, 95% CI 0·46–0·75) were associated with reduced activity compared to controls. Anaemia accounted for a substantial part of the effects of HIV, while elevated AGP primarily mediated the TB effect. The level of physical activity is highly influenced by TB and HIV, and mainly mediated through anaemia of infection and associated with elevated acute phase response.
Twenty years of active bat rabies surveillance in Germany: a detailed analysis and future perspectives
Authors: SCHATZ J. , OHLENDORF B. , BUSSE P. , PELZ G. , DOLCH D. , TEUBNER J. , ENCARNAÇÃO J. A. , MÜHLE R.-U. , FISCHER M. , HOFFMANN B. , KWASNITSCHKA L. , BALKEMA-BUSCHMANN A. , METTENLEITER T. C. , MÜLLER T. , FREULING C. M. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYIn Germany, active bat rabies surveillance was conducted between 1993 and 2012. A total of 4546 oropharyngeal swab samples from 18 bat species were screened for the presence of EBLV-1- , EBLV-2- and BBLV-specific RNA. Overall, 0·15% of oropharyngeal swab samples tested EBLV-1 positive, with the majority originating fromEptesicus serotinus. Interestingly, out of seven RT–PCR-positive oropharyngeal swabs subjected to virus isolation, viable virus was isolated from a single serotine bat (E. serotinus). Additionally, about 1226 blood samples were tested serologically, and varying virus neutralizing antibody titres were found in at least eight different bat species. The detection of viral RNA and seroconversion in repeatedly sampled serotine bats indicates long-term circulation of the virus in a particular bat colony. The limitations of random-based active bat rabies surveillance over passive bat rabies surveillance and its possible application of targeted approaches for future research activities on bat lyssavirus dynamics and maintenance are discussed.
Improving syntactic rule extraction through deleting spurious links with translation span alignment
Authors: ZHU JINGBO , LI QIANG , XIAO TONG 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMost statistical machine translation systems typically rely on word alignments to extract translation rules. This approach would suffer from a practical problem that even one spurious word alignment link can prevent some desirable translation rules from being extracted. To address this issue, this paper presents two approaches, referred to as sub-tree alignment and phrase-based forced decoding methods, to automatically learn translation span alignments from parallel data. Then, we improve the translation rule extraction by deleting spurious links and inserting new links based on bilingual translation span correspondences. Some comparison experiments are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
Malnutrition in older adults on financial assistance in an urban Asian country: a mixed methods study
Authors: Koo Yu Xuan , Kang Min Li , Auyong Angie , Liau Glen Zq , Hoe Jeremy , Long Melody , Koh Aaron , Koh Frederick , Liu Rain , Koh Gerald 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe objectives of the present study were to assess the nutritional status, identify factors for malnutrition risk and evaluate barriers to adequate nutrition among recipients of the Public Assistance (PA) scheme for socio-economically disadvantaged Singaporeans.DesignUsing a cross-sectional study design, we assessed PA recipients’ malnutrition risk using the DETERMINE Nutritional Health checklist and the full Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA), as well as their nutritional knowledge, co-morbidity burden, depression risk, instrumental and basic activities of daily living (IADL and BADL), and awareness and utilization of available food services. In-depth interviews were also conducted on malnourished individuals (MNA score < 17) to understand barriers to adequate nutrition.SettingHomes of community-living older adults and nursing homes of institutionalized older adults.SubjectsAll PA recipients aged ≥55 years in Central Singapore District.ResultsFour hundred and sixty-five of 511 (91·0 %) eligible PA recipients participated in the study. The prevalence of malnutrition in the study population was 2·8 %. However, 50·3 % were at risk of malnutrition. Among community-dwelling respondents, the risk of malnutrition was independently associated with age >75 years, currently unmarried, BADL impairment, depression risk and BMI < 19·0 kg/m2. Qualitative analysis revealed that financial, social and physical barriers and lack of knowledge were the main contributors to poor nutritional status. Only half were aware of subsidized food services and education increased interest in utilizing food services. Among nursing home respondents, those who were BADL impaired were more likely to be at risk of malnutrition.ConclusionsAmong PA recipients, the prevalence of malnutrition is low but the risk of malnutrition is high. Education on adequate nutrition and food services are recommended.
Faith-based Diplomacy: Conservative Evangelicals and the United States Military
Authors: Marsden Lee 
Published: September 2013

AbstractReligion is becoming an increasingly important factor for theorists and policy makers alike in the consideration of United States foreign policy. In recent years a new school of faith-based diplomacy advocacy has emerged and begun to resonate with foreign policy practitioners. This article examines the efficacy of such faith-based approaches to foreign policy problems with a religious component and argues that such an approach is inherently flawed. The article argues that a combination of a distinct military culture, which feels itself morally superior to its civilian leadership and the activism of conservative evangelicals in the chaplaincy and military leadership makes such faith-based approaches unrealistic. While acknowledging a role for pluralist religious actors in foreign policy the article rejects a faith-based advocacy approach which can exacerbate rather than resolve foreign policy problems.
Brain site-specific proteome changes in aging-related dementia
Authors: Manavalan Arulmani , Mishra Manisha , Feng Lin , Sze Siu Kwan , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Heese Klaus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study is aimed at gaining insights into the brain site-specific proteomic senescence signature while comparing physiologically aged brains with aging-related dementia brains (for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD)). Our study of proteomic differences within the hippocampus (Hp), parietal cortex (pCx) and cerebellum (Cb) could provide conceptual insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in aging-related neurodegeneration. Using an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) brain site-specific proteomic strategy, we identified 950 proteins in the Hp, pCx and Cb of AD brains. Of these proteins, 31 were significantly altered. Most of the differentially regulated proteins are involved in molecular transport, nervous system development, synaptic plasticity and apoptosis. Particularly, proteins such as Gelsolin (GSN), Tenascin-R (TNR) and AHNAK could potentially act as novel biomarkers of aging-related neurodegeneration. Importantly, our Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA)-based network analysis further revealed ubiquitin C (UBC) as a pivotal protein to interact with diverse AD-associated pathophysiological molecular factors and suggests the reduced ubiquitin proteasome degradation system (UPS) as one of the causative factors of AD.
Dislocation reactions, grain boundaries, and irreversibility in two-dimensional lattices using topological tweezers
Authors: Irvine William T. M. , Hollingsworth Andrew D. , Grier David G. , Chaikin Paul M. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The properties of real-world materials are typically determined by small collections of defects within them. One common defect––a dislocation––results from removing half a row of atoms from a crystal, leaving behind the other half that now ends abruptly at a tip in the crystal. The termination point behaves like a point “particle” that carries a topological charge, obeys dynamical laws, and interacts with other such particles to create grain boundaries. We report a method to precisely manipulate dislocations by using specially designed light fields (“topological tweezers”) to massage an experimental model system consisting of microscopic colloids. We use this tool to study their interactions and complex collective dynamics that are not always as reversible as one might think.
Origin and provenance of spherules and magnetic grains at the Younger Dryas boundary
Authors: Wu Yingzhe , Sharma Mukul , LeCompte Malcolm A. , Demitroff Mark N. , Landis Joshua D. 
Published: September 2013

SignificanceThis study ties the spherules recovered in Pennsylvania and New Jersey to an impact in Quebec about 12,900 y ago at the onset of Younger Dryas. Our discovery resulted from an exhaustive search that examined the question of whether there is any evidence of extraterrestrial platinum group metals present in the bulk sediments, magnetic grains, and spherules recovered from the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB). We find that the spherules are likely quenched silicate melts produced following the impact at the YDB. The source of spherule osmium, however, is likely terrestrial and not meteorite derived.
Assessing the utility of coevolution-based residue–residue contact predictions in a sequence- and structure-rich era
Authors: Kamisetty Hetunandan , Ovchinnikov Sergey , Baker David 
Published: September 2013

Significance
We develop an improved method for predicting residue–residue contacts in protein structures that achieves higher accuracy than previous methods by integrating structural context and sequence coevolution information. We then determine the conditions under which these predicted contacts are likely to be useful for structure modeling and identify more than 400 protein families where these conditions are currently met.
Abundance and Size Structure of Shortnose Sturgeon in the Altamaha River, Georgia
Authors: Peterson Douglas L. , Bednarski Michael S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEndangered Shortnose Sturgeon Acipenser brevirostrum inhabit large tidal rivers along the Atlantic coastline of North America, ranging from the St. John River, Canada, southward to the St. Johns River, Florida. Currently, long‐term assessments of the abundance and age structure of southern populations are completely lacking. To address this information gap, we assessed recent changes in Shortnose Sturgeon abundance and age structure by sampling with anchored entanglement gear in the Altamaha River, Georgia, during summer in 2004–2010. To estimate abundance, we used the Huggins closed‐capture model in Program MARK. We assessed size structure by interpreting the first, second, and third quartiles of the FL of individuals captured during each year. In total, we captured 1,737 Shortnose Sturgeon (72 recaptures). Total estimated abundance was variable, ranging from 1,206 individuals (95% lognormal confidence interval [CI] = 566–2,759) in 2009 to 5,551 individuals (95% CI = 2,804–11,304) in 2006. Much of the annual variation in total abundance was attributable to wide variations in juvenile abundance, which ranged from a low of 62 individuals (95% CI = 24–181) in 2009 to a high of 3,467 individuals (95% CI = 1,744–7,095) in 2006. Annual shifts in size structure were indicative of rapid population turnover, probably resulting from a combination of mortality and permanent emigration. Although the Altamaha River Shortnose Sturgeon population shares several characteristics with northern populations (e.g., variable juvenile abundance and stable adult abundance), our results suggest that southern populations are more susceptible to decline because of their accelerated life cycle and inherently lower abundances.
Using Seasonal Variation in Otolith Microchemical Composition to Indicate Largemouth Bass and Southern Flounder Residency Patterns across an Estuarine Salinity Gradient
Authors: Farmer Troy M. , DeVries Dennis R. , Wright Russell A. , Gagnon Joel E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEstuaries are transitional zones where salinity largely controls the distribution of both freshwater and marine species. However, the degree to which freshwater and marine species use these variable habitats as year‐round residents or transient migrants is largely unknown. We used otolith strontium: calcium ratios (Sr: Ca) as a marker for salinity exposure to reconstruct lifetime salinity exposure plots for individual Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma collected across a seasonally variable estuarine salinity gradient. Initially, we determined that a definable relationship existed between salinity, water chemistry, and otolith Sr: Ca for both species. We then used otolith Sr: Ca profiles to indicate lifetime salinity exposure and subsequently classified each fish as either a freshwater resident, transient (combination of freshwater and estuarine signals in otolith), or estuarine resident. For Southern Flounder we also used Sr: Ca profiles from the otolith core to classify each individual as having either a freshwater core or estuarine or marine core. For Largemouth Bass, most (88%) individuals in the lower estuary were estuarine residents, whereas most (77%) individuals in the upper estuary were freshwater residents. These data support the hypothesis that adult Largemouth Bass in lower portions of the estuary do not migrate to avoid salinity, but rather remain in lower portions of the estuary throughout life. For Southern Flounder, 45% of individuals had estuarine or marine core Sr: Ca signals, while 55% had freshwater Sr: Ca core signals. Combining core and residency classification patterns revealed that three patterns described 95% of the Southern Flounder collected: (1) freshwater core and freshwater resident (16%), (2) freshwater core and estuarine resident (37%), and (3) estuarine or marine core and estuarine resident (42%). These data demonstrate that both tidal freshwater and low‐salinity estuarine habitats are important nursery areas for Southern Flounder.
Evidence for Density‐Dependent Changes in Growth, Downstream Movement, and Size of Chinook Salmon Subyearlings in a Large‐River Landscape
Authors: Connor William P. , Tiffan Kenneth F. , Plumb John M. , Moffitt Christine M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe studied the growth rate, downstream movement, and size of naturally produced fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha subyearlings (age 0) for 20 years in an 8th‐order river landscape with regulated riverine upstream rearing areas and an impounded downstream migration corridor. The population transitioned from low to high abundance in association with U.S. Endangered Species Act and other federally mandated recovery efforts. The mean growth rate of parr in the river did not decline with increasing abundance, but during the period of higher abundance the timing of dispersal from riverine habitat into the reservoir averaged 17 d earlier and the average size at the time of downstream dispersal was smaller by 10 mm and 1.8 g. Changes in apparent abundance, measured by catch per unit effort, largely explained the time of dispersal, measured by median day of capture, in riverine habitat. The growth rate of smolts in the reservoir declined from an average of 0.6 to 0.2 g/d between the abundance periods because the reduction in size at reservoir entry was accompanied by a tendency to migrate rather than linger and by increasing concentrations of smolts in the reservoir. The median date of passage through the reservoir was 14 d earlier on average, and average smolt size was smaller by 38 mm and 22.0 g, in accordance with density‐dependent behavioral changes reflected by decreased smolt growth. Unexpectedly, smolts during the high‐abundance period had begun to reexpress the migration timing and size phenotypes observed before the river was impounded, when abundance was relatively high. Our findings provide evidence for density‐dependent phenotypic change in a large river that was influenced by the expansion of a recovery program. Thus, this study shows that efforts to recover native fishes can have detectable effects in large‐river landscapes. The outcome of such phenotypic change, which will be an important area of future research, can only be fully judged by examining the effect of the change on population viability and productivity.
Use of Laparoscopy for Sex Identification of Asp Aspius aspius
Authors: Falahatkar Bahram , Tolouei Gilani Mohammad H. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Asp Aspius aspius is an endangered rheophilic cyprinid species. This study describes a laparoscopic technique for Asp sex identification that also permits observations of the gonads. Seventeen fish (790–3,020 g, 41.4–73.6 cm TL, age 2–5) were examined using a laparoscope for gender determination. The cystoscope sheath was inserted into the body cavity through a small (0.9–1 cm) incision in the left flank, after which the gonads were visualized using a monitor. All fish but one were correctly sexed using this procedure in a minimal amount of time. Histological preparations showed the gonads to be at different stages of maturity in both sexes. This study demonstrated that laparoscopy can be used as an effective and minimally invasive diagnostic technique for sex identification and maturity stage determination in Asp that are under propagation and used for stock rehabilitation.
Received March 26, 2013; accepted June 13, 2013
The Southern European Welfare model in the post-industrial order
Authors: Marí-Klose Pau , Moreno-Fuentes Francisco Javier 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
The discussion on the existence of a distinctive ‘Mediterranean’ welfare model has focused on the historical and politico-institutional dynamics, as well as on the policy traits of the welfare arrangements found in Southern European countries. Particular attention has been given to the external pressures and internal constraints faced by the welfare systems of these countries, as well as to what extent there is a common response to such challenges. In this article, we claim that while researchers were embarked in this scholarly effort, Southern European societies kept changing, transforming the nature of existing arrangements in not always forecasted directions, to the point of questioning the adequacy of clustering them under a common type. The current context of economic and financial crisis introduces additional factors in the process of transformation and reform of the welfare schemes of these countries, placed at the epicentre of the turmoil shattering European economies and societies.
Female employment and the economic crisis
Authors: Andreotti Alberta , Mingione Enzo , Pratschke Jonathan 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
One of the characteristics of the Italian peninsula is a sharp North-South gradient on many economic and labour market variables. This gradient is particularly marked in relation to female employment, making Italy a particularly useful ‘laboratory’ for studying changes in gender roles. Esping-Andersen's description of the decline of the ‘male breadwinner’ model and the search for a ‘new equilibrium’ in gender roles is suggestive, but the assumption that current processes will inevitably converge towards a relatively homogeneous social configuration (exemplified by the Scandinavian countries) is rather unconvincing. We will show in this article that the Italian case comprises macro-regions with very different female employment rates and highly differentiated welfare systems. Furthermore, one of the effects of the economic crisis has been to obstruct the entry of women into paid work, particularly in the South where employment rates are already at a very low level. When discussing trends and changes in women's roles, it is important to remember that the resulting transformations are plural, contingent and discontinuous and strongly shaped by prevailing socio-economic conditions. In the context of a prolonged and severe crisis, the differences between Northern and Southern Italy have been further accentuated, impeding the development of coherent policy responses and obstructing change in gender roles.