bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrative review of the impact of clinical psychiatry attachments on attitudes to psychiatry
Authors: Qureshi Henna , Carney Stuart , Iversen Amy 
Published: March 2013

Aims and methodPsychiatry in the UK has long-standing issues in recruiting UK-trained doctors. A key potential influence on interest in psychiatry during medical school is the clinical attachment. This narrative review investigates how the clinical experience of psychiatry affects medical students' attitudes towards the specialty.ResultsWe identified 107 studies, of which 46 were included. They showed that clinical attachments in psychiatry did result in more positive attitudes towards the specialty and increased career interest. There was inconsistent evidence on whether interest was maintained, with some studies indicating that the increase is transient. Factors which may influence attitudes include attachment setting, duration and student demographics.Clinical implicationsThe results suggest a need to actively maintain interest in psychiatry throughout medical school. Research with long-term follow-up and evaluation of schemes to maintain students' interest is needed.
Kinase Inhibitors: Adverse Effects Related to the Endocrine System
Authors: Lodish Maya B. 
Published: March 2013

Context:The use of kinase inhibitors (KIs) in the treatment of cancer has become increasingly common, and practitioners must be familiar with endocrine-related side effects associated with these agents. This review provides an update to the clinician regarding the management of potential endocrinological effects of KIs.Evidence Acquisition:PubMed was employed to identify relevant manuscripts. A review of the literature was conducted, and data were summarized and incorporated.Evidence Synthesis:KIs, including small molecule KIs and monoclonal antibodies directed against kinases, have emerged over the past decade as an important class of anticancer agents. KIs specifically interfere with signaling pathways that are dysregulated in certain types of cancers and also target common mechanisms of growth, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Currently, at least 20 KIs are approved as cancer therapeutics. However, KIs may affect a broad spectrum of targets and may have additional, unidentified mechanisms of action at the cellular level due to overlap between signaling pathways in the tumor cell and endocrine system. Recent reports in the literature have identified side effects associated with KIs, including alterations in thyroid function, bone metabolism, linear growth, gonadal function, fetal development, adrenal function, and glucose metabolism.Conclusions:Clinicians need to monitor the thyroid functions of patients on KIs. In addition, bone density and vitamin D status should be assessed. Special care should be taken to follow linear growth and development in children taking these agents. Clinicians should counsel patients appropriately on the potential adverse effects of KIs on fetal development.
Cancer Protection Elicited by a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Close to the Adrenomedullin Gene
Authors: Martínez-Herrero Sonia , Martínez Alfredo 
Published: March 2013

Context:
The risk of developing cancer is regulated by genetic variants, including polymorphisms. Characterizing such variants may help in developing protocols for personalized medicine.

Objective:
Adrenomedullin is a regulatory peptide involved in cancer promotion and progression. Carriers of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the proximity of the adrenomedullin gene have lower levels of circulating peptide. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether carriers of this SNP (rs4910118) are protected against cancer.

Design:
This was a retrospective study. DNA samples were obtained from the Carlos III DNA National Bank (University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain).

Setting:
Samples represent a variety of donors and patients from Spain.

Patients or Other Participants:
DNA from patients with breast cancer (n = 238), patients with lung cancer (n = 348), patients with cardiac insufficiency (n = 474), and healthy donors of advanced age (n = 500) was used.

Interventions:
All samples were genotyped using double-mismatch PCR, and confirmation was achieved by direct sequencing.

Main Outcome Measures:
The minor allele frequency was calculated in all groups. The Pearson χ2 was used to compare SNP frequencies.

Results:
Of 1560 samples, 14 had the minor allele, with a minor allele frequency in healthy donors of 0.90%. Patients with cancer had a statistically significantly lower frequency than healthy donors (odds ratio = 0.216, 95% confidence interval = 0.048–0.967, P = .028).

Conclusions:
Carriers of the minor allele have a 4.6-fold lower risk of developing cancer than homozygotes for the major allele. Knowledge of the rs4910118 genotype may be useful for stratifying patients in clinical trials and for designing prevention strategies.
Phosphorylation regulates coilin activity and RNA association
Authors: Broome Hanna J. , Carrero Zunamys I. , Douglas Heather E. , Hebert Michael D. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
The Cajal body (CB) is a domain of concentrated components found within the nucleus of cells in an array of species that is functionally important for the biogenesis of telomerase and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. The CB is a dynamic structure whose number and size change during the cell cycle and is associated with other nuclear structures and gene loci. Coilin, also known as the marker protein for the CB, is a phosphoprotein widely accepted for its role in maintaining CB integrity. Recent studies have been done to further elucidate functional activities of coilin apart from its structural role in the CB in an attempt to explore the rationale for coilin expression in cells that have few CBs or lack them altogether. Here we show that the RNA association profile of coilin changes in mitosis with respect to that during interphase. We provide evidence of transcriptional and/or processing dysregulation of several CB-related RNA transcripts as a result of ectopic expression of both wild-type and phosphomutant coilin proteins. We also show apparent changes in transcription and/or processing of these transcripts upon coilin knockdown in both transformed and primary cell lines. Additionally, we provide evidence of specific coilin RNase activity regulation, on both U2 and hTR transcripts, by phosphorylation of a single residue, serine 489. Collectively, these results point to additional functions for coilin that are regulated by phosphorylation.
Causality, Agency, and the Limits of Medicine
Authors: Holmes Brooke 
Published: March 2013

Abstract The difference between ancient Greek medicine and ancient Greek philosophy has often been seen by scholars in terms of two targets of expertise: the body and the soul. In this paper, I argue that we can better understand the boundaries between medicine and philosophy in antiquity by focusing instead on the difference between causes and motivations (or causes and desires). The reason is this. It is not the case that the writers of the Hippocratic Corpus are uninterested in the soul (psychē). They are, however, reluctant to address their therapies to expressions of the patient’s own agency, despite tacitly acknowledging such agency as a causal force that cannot be reduced to the automatic behavior of the body. I go on to show how thinkers like Plato and Democritus zero in on the problem of perverted desires as part of a strategy of establishing a new domain of therapy, a domain that comes to be classified as the therapy of the soul.
Towards improved receptor targeting: anterograde transport, internalization and postendocytic trafficking of neuropeptide Y receptors
Authors: Babilon Stefanie , Mörl Karin , Beck-Sickinger Annette G. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The neuropeptide Y system is known to be involved in the regulation of many central physiological and pathophysiological processes, such as energy homeostasis, obesity, cancer, mood disorders and epilepsy. Four Y receptor subtypes have been cloned from human tissue (hY1, hY2, hY4 and hY5) that form a multiligand/multireceptor system together with their three peptidic agonists (NPY, PYY and PP). Addressing this system for medical application requires on the one hand detailed information about the receptor-ligand interaction to design subtype-selective compounds. On the other hand comprehensive knowledge about alternative receptor signaling, as well as desensitization, localization and downregulation is crucial to circumvent the development of undesired side-effects and drug resistance. By bringing such knowledge together, highly potent and long-lasting drugs with minimized side-effects can be engineered. Here, current knowledge about Y receptor export, internalization, recycling, and degradation is summarized, with a focus on the human Y receptor subtypes, and is discussed in terms of its impact on therapeutic application.
Crystal structure of 2,2-dimethyl-1-(6-nitro-1H-indazol-1-yl)propan-1- one, C12H13N3O3
Authors: Zou Baohua , Fang Zheng , Guo Kai 
Published: March 2013

Abstract C12H13N3O3, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 7.477(2) Å, b = 6.792(1) Å, c = 12.191(2) Å, β = 92.72(3)°, V = 618.4 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0574, wRref(F2) = 0.1751, T = 293 K.
Redetermination of the structure of 9,10-dibromoanthracene, C14H8Br2
Authors: Isloor Arun M. , Vijesh A. M. , Gerber Thomas , Hosten Eric , Betz Richard 
Published: March 2013

Abstract C14H8Br2, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.0107(1) Å, b = 8.8373(3) Å, c = 16.1148(5) Å, α = 78.658(2)°, β = 83.321(1)°, γ = 80.259(1)°, V = 549.9 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0211, wRref(F2) = 0.0526, T = 200 K.
Crystal structure of mercury disulfate, Hg[S2O7], HgO7S2
Authors: Logemann Christian , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract HgO7S2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 5.1467(2) Å, b = 12.9327(4) Å, c = 8.2178(3) Å, β = 92.519(1)°, V = 546.5 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0170, wRref(F2) = 0.0450, T = 153 K.
Variation in Surgical Outcomes for Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Jan Sophia , Slap Gail , Dai Dingwei , Rubin David M. 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE:To examine whether hospital type (children’s hospital or generalist hospital) and surgeon specialty are associated with variations in surgical outcomes for hospitalized adolescents and young adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) requiring surgery.METHODS:The 2007–2009 Perspective Data Warehouse was used to identify a retrospective cohort study of all inpatients 16 to 25 years old who received surgery for IBD. Multivariate regression, clustered at the hospital level, examined the association of hospital type and surgical specialty with surgical complications and 30-day readmissions.RESULTS:Surgery was performed in 917 hospitalizations of 598 patients across 20 children’s hospitals and 198 general hospitals by 566 general surgeons, 46 pediatric surgeons, and 305 colorectal surgeons. After adjustment, children’s hospitals had higher predicted probabilities of surgical complication (predicted probability [PP]: 35% [95% confidence interval (CI): 28–42]) compared with general hospitals (PP: 26% [95% CI: 23–29]). Despite higher complications among children’s hospitals, pediatric surgeons had lowest predicated probabilities of surgical complication or 30-day readmission (PP: 24% [95% CI: 10–39]) compared with general surgeons (PP: 39% [95% CI: 35–43]) and colorectal surgeons (PP: 35% [95% CI: 28–42]).CONCLUSIONS:Disparate outcomes for adolescents and young adults receiving care in children’s versus generalist hospitals and from different types of surgeons reveal the need to better understand how practice setting and surgical specialty may modify outcomes for a population that traverses a variety of health care settings.
Protein synthesis in crustaceans: a review focused on feeding and nutrition
Authors: Carter Chris , Mente Elena 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This review aimed to place crustacean research on in vivo protein synthesis into a broader context, assess its potential for providing further insights into crustacean nutrition and physiology, and recommend future directions relevant to crustacean aquaculture. In crustaceans the flooding dose measurement of protein synthesis is the only method that has been used, it is relatively complex, time consuming and uses radioactive labels. Protein synthesis provides a subtle approach to assessing imbalances and deficiencies in dietary amino acid and energy. In addition, the calculation of protein synthesis retention efficiency (SRE) is recommended in order to understand and optimize parameters such as feeding regime and diet composition. For prawns, SRE was highest at optimum dietary protein content and quality. Similarly the most efficient feeding regimes in juvenile lobsters were demonstrated by the highest efficiency of retaining synthesized protein. Understanding how various abiotic and biotic factors influence protein synthesis has great potential for improving different aspects of crustacean aquaculture but very few studies have done this; better knowledge of how abiotic and biotic factors affect crustacean protein synthesis will contribute to optimising growth of crustaceans in culture.
The rib head as a landmark in the anterolateral approach to the thoracic spine: a computed tomography–based morphometric study
Authors: Papadimitriou Kyriakos , Amin Anubhav G. , Kretzer Ryan M. , Chaput Christopher , Tortolani P. Justin , Wolinsky Jean-Paul , Gokaslan Ziya L. , Baaj Ali A. 
Published: March 2013

Object
The rib head is an important landmark in the anterolateral approach to the thoracic spine. Resection of the rib head is typically the first step in gaining access to the underlying pedicle and ultimately the spinal canal. The goal of this work is to quantify the relationship of the rib head to the spinal canal and adjacent aorta at each thoracic level using CT-based morphometric measurements.

Methods
One hundred thoracic spine CT scans (obtained in 50 male and 50 female subjects) were evaluated in this study. The width and depth of each vertebra body were measured from T-1 to T-12. In addition, the distance of each rib head to the spinal canal was determined by drawing a line connecting the rib heads bilaterally and measuring the distance to this line from the most ventral aspect of the spinal canal. Finally, the distance of the left rib head to the thoracic aorta was measured at each thoracic level below the aortic arch.

Results
The vertebral body depth progressively increased in a rostral to caudal direction. The vertebral body width was at its minimum at T-4 and progressively increased to T-12. The rib head extended beyond the spinal canal maximally at T-1. This distance incrementally decreased toward the caudal levels, with the tip of the rib head lying approximately even with the ventral canal at T-11 and T-12. The distance between the aorta and the left rib head increased in a rostral to caudal direction as well.

Conclusions
The rib head is an important landmark in the anterolateral approach to the thoracic spine. At more cephalad levels, a larger portion of rib head requires resection to gain access to the spinal canal. At more caudad levels, there is a safer working distance between the rib head and aorta.
Long-term outcome of laminectomy for cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
Authors: Lee Soo Eon , Chung Chun Kee , Jahng Tae-Ahn , Kim Hyun-Jib 
Published: March 2013

Object
Although laminectomy is an effective surgical technique for the treatment of multilevel cervical stenotic lesions, postoperative kyphosis and neurological deterioration have been frequently reported after laminectomy. Hence, laminectomy without fusion is seldom performed nowadays. However, the clinical impression from the long-term follow-up of patients who had undergone laminectomy does not support that postoperative kyphosis is common in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). In this paper, the authors assessed the long-term outcome of laminectomy for cervical OPLL in terms of the changes in the cervical curvature and in the neurological status.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed medical records and radiological images in patients who had undergone cervical laminectomy between 1999 and 2009. The preoperative and the final follow-up status recovery rate were assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale. The cervical global angle and range of motion (ROM) were measured preoperatively and at the last follow-up. The cervical spine was classified into 3 types: lordotic, straight, and kyphotic.

Results
A total of 34 patients were available for medical record review and telephone interviews. There were 28 men and 6 women, whose mean age at the time of surgery was 57.8 years. The mean follow-up period was 57.5 months. The mean preoperative JOA score was 10.7, and the JOA score at the last follow-up was significantly improved to 14.3 (p < 0.001) with a recovery rate of 56.3%. The JOA score at each postoperative follow-up point increased until 6 years postoperatively; thereafter, it gradually decreased. The mean preoperative global angle was −11.3° and the most recent global angle was −8.4°. The preoperative ROM was 33.9° and the most recent ROM was 27.4°. There was no statistical significance in the change of cervical curvature or ROM. Preoperatively, 29 of the 34 patients had a lordotic cervical curvature and 5 patients had a straight spine. At last follow-up, 24 patients had a lordotic curvature, 3 patients changed from lordosis to kyphosis, and 7 patients had a straight spine. One patient whose cervical curvature changed from lordosis to kyphosis during the follow-up period underwent cervical fusion 9 years after the laminectomy procedure.

Conclusions
The long-term outcome of laminectomy for cervical OPLL is satisfactory in terms of the clinical and radiological aspects. The risk of postlaminectomy kyphosis was not high, raising the possibility that the OPLL itself may serve as a support for the spinal column.
Outcomes of nasal bridling to secure enteral tubes in burn patients
Authors: Parks Jennifer , Klaus Susan , Staggs Vincent , Pena Maria 
Published: March 2013

Background
Reliable securement of nasally inserted enteral tubes is a problem in patients with facial burns that make use of traditional adhesive tape ineffective.

Objective
To implement the nasal bridle as a way to decrease inadvertent removal of nasally inserted enteral tubes and improve subsequent patient outcomes.

Methods
The nasal bridle was implemented in the burn unit of the University of Kansas Hospital, Kansas City, Kansas, as a quality improvement project. Outcomes for the calendar year 2010 were measured in patients treated before use of the bridle (prebridle control group) and in patients for whom the bridle was used. The groups were compared on measures of tube insertions per tube day, abdominal radiographs per tube day, and a number of complications.

Results
A total of 50 patients were studied: 33 in the control group and 17 in the bridle group. Baseline characteristics of age and sex did not differ between the groups. The bridle group had significantly fewer tube insertions and abdominal radiographs per tube day than the control group. Although complications were generally less common in the bridle group, the differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusions
In burn patients, use of a nasal bridle to secure nasally inserted tubes had clinical advantages over securement with traditional adhesive tape. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2013;22:136–142)
An Empirical Analysis of the Association between Social Interaction and Self-Rated Health
Authors: Mukerjee Swati 
Published: March 2013

Purpose. To empirically investigate the relationship of social interactions with self-rated health status. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. The United States, 1972–2008. Subjects. 53,043 respondents interviewed. Measures. In-person interviews were conducted by the National Opinion Research Center. Health is measured via self-assessment, and a binary indicator defines whether the respondent reports excellent or good health. Impersonal social interaction is binary, reflecting membership in at least one organization; personal interaction is binary, reflecting whether the respondent visits relatives, neighbors, friends, or bars at least once a month. Demographic, region, and time variables are standard controls. Analysis. Probit models were estimated at aggregated and disaggregated (race, gender, age, and education) levels. Results. Impersonal interaction fell 5% between 1974 and 1994, with deeper declines (12%) in personal interaction. Neighbor visits fell most (24%), but friends gained (5%). Marginal estimates indicate both personal and impersonal interactions are associated with better health. However, friends show the strongest effect. A 1-SD increase in the probability of meeting friends versus joining a club or association is associated with a higher (.019 vs. .014) probability of being in very good or excellent health. Conclusion. Social interaction, impersonal or personal, is significantly associated with health. Public policy facilitating greater interactions of the type that benefits different demographic groups may be health promoting. Results are suggestive of potential network effects at the individual and community levels, which have implications for designing and targeting more effective health interventions.
Measurement of the Residual Gases O2 and CO2 in Meat Products Packed in Modified Atmosphere
Authors: Čapla Jozef , Zajác Peter , Čurlej Jozer , Lopašovský Ľubomí­r , Vietoris Vladimí­r 
Published: March 2013

Nowadays, consumers have increased demand for quality and food safety and also rising demand for natural foods without chemical additives. There are many ways to presserve freshness of these products, one of them is modified atmosphere packaging, which can mean elimination and/or replacement surrounding the product before closing it in package with a mixture of gases other than the original ambient air atmosphere. for replacement of atmosphere are generally used three types of gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen. this type of packaging is often used for meat and meat products, which belongs to foods that are under normal conditions perishable and for increasing the shelf life of meat products are also used various other preservation methods or their combinations. Packaging of meat and meat products in modified atmosphere is usually made with a high content of carbon dioxide, which has good bacteriostatic and fungistatic effect and is also an effective mean for increasing the shelf life of packaged products during storage and sale.