bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Internet as a Source of Information for De Quervain's Tendinitis
Authors: Heap James C. , Dezfuli Bobby , Bennett David M. , Chapman Eric , DeSilva Gregory L. 
Published: June 2014

Background Many individuals are turning to the Internet for information about various health conditions, and in our study we evaluated the quality and readability of information on the internet about De Quervain's tendinitis. Methods We chose the search terms “De Quervain's Tendinitis,” “De Quervain's Tenosynovitis,” and “De Quervain's Syndrome,” and entered them into the search engines “Google,” “Bing,” and “Yahoo” and compiled the search results. The websites were then evaluated and assigned a quality score, a Flesch-Kincaid (FK) reading level, and a subjective quality score. They were then grouped according to the search term used, search engine used and the order (priority) returned by the search engines. ANOVA analysis and pairwise comparisons of quality and readability among groups, as well as correlation analysis were performed. Results The FK readability average was 10.3, above the recommended level. The search term De Quervain's tenosynovitis returned the highest objective quality results. There was no statistical difference found between the different search engines. The first 10 results from the searches were of higher quality than results 11–20, and there was a positive correlation between objective and subjective quality scores but no correlation between readability and objective quality. Conclusions We concluded that quality information about De Quervain's tendinitis is available on the internet and is most likely to be found using the search term De Quervain's tenosynovitis and in the first 10 results of an internet search. However, most information is written above the recommended 6th grade reading level.
Selective Separation of Mono Glyceryl Ferulate Using Water from an Ionic Liquid Solution of Enzymatic Transesterification
Authors: Sun Shangde , Chen Xiaowei , Bi Yanlan , Yang Guolong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMono glyceryl ferulate (MFG), an all‐natural derivative of ferulic acid, can be used as antioxidant and a UV filter in food and cosmetic formulations. However, the applications of MFG in these fields are limited due to its low availability in nature. In this work, a novel method for selective separation of MFG from a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) solution of enzymatic transesterification of ethyl ferulate with glycerol was investigated. The effects of different extractants and extraction conditions on the selective separation of MFG were also studied. High extraction yields of MFG (98.23 ± 1.09 %) and the relative content of MFG in the extracts (97.76 ± 1.25 %) were achieved using neutral deionized water as extractant under the following conditions: 0.5:1 volume ratio of water to RTIL solution, extraction time of 6 min, centrifugation time of 6 min, and extraction done eight times. The extraction thermodynamics showed that the extraction of MFG was an exothermic process. The purified MFG exhibited good UV adsorbing properties at 280–360 nm with a λmax at 322 nm.
Two-dimensional planar plumes and fountains
Authors: van den Bremer T. S. , Hunt G. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractClosed-form solutions describing the behaviour of two-dimensional planar turbulent rising plumes and fountains from horizontal planar area and line sources in unconfined quiescent environments of uniform density are proposed. Extending the analysis on axisymmetric releases by van den Bremer & Hunt (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 644, 2010, pp. 165–192) to planar releases, the local flux balance parameter$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\varGamma =\varGamma (z)$is instrumental in describing the bulk behaviour of steady Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq planar plumes and the initial rise behaviour of Boussinesq planar fountains as a function of height$z$. Expressions for the asymptotic virtual source correction are developed and the results elucidated by ‘scale diagrams’ (cf. Morton & Middleton,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 58, 1973, pp. 165–176) showing certain characteristic heights for different source conditions. These diagrams capture all the different manifestations of plume behaviour, encompassing fountains, jets, source-momentum-dominated or ‘forced’ plumes, pure plumes and source-buoyancy-dominated or ‘lazy’ plumes, and their associated key features. Other flow features identified include a gravity-driven deceleration regime and a mixing-driven regime for forced fountains. Deceleration in lazy fountains is purely gravity-driven. The results can be shown to be valid for both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq plumes (but not for non-Boussinesq fountains) thus resulting in universal solutions valid for both cases provided the entrainment velocity is unaffected by non-Boussinesq effects. This paper presents and explores these universal solutions. An accompanying paper (van den Bremer & Hunt,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 750, 2014, pp. 245–258) examines the implications for non-Boussinesq plumes. The existing solutions of Lee & Emmons (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 11, 1961, pp. 353–368) generalized herein are valid for a constant entrainment coefficient$\alpha $. New results for an entrainment coefficient that varies linearly with$\varGamma (z)$and thus captures experimental values far more realistically are presented for forced plumes.
Resolution of three cryptic agricultural pests (Ceratitis fasciventris, C. anonae, C. rosa, Diptera: Tephritidae) using cuticular hydrocarbon profiling
Authors: Vaníčková L. , Virgilio M. , Tomčala A. , Břízová R. , Ekesi S. , Hoskovec M. , Kalinová B. , Do Nascimento R. R. , De Meyer M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDiscrimination of particular species within the species complexes of tephritid fruit flies is a very challenging task. In this fruit-fly family, several complexes of cryptic species have been reported, including the African cryptic species complex (FAR complex). Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) appear to be an excellent tool for chemotaxonomical discrimination of these cryptic species. In the present study, CHC profiles have been used to discriminate among three important agricultural pests from the FAR complex,Ceratitis fasciventris, Ceratitis anonaeandCeratitis rosa. Hexane body surface extracts of mature males and females were analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection and differences in CHC profiles between species and sexes tested through multivariate statistics and compared with species identification by means of microsatellite markers. Quantitative as well as qualitative CHC profile differences between sexes and species are reported. The CHC profiles consisted of a mixture of linear, internally methyl-branched and mono-, di- and tri-unsaturated alkanes. Twelve compounds were pinpointed as potential chemotaxonomical markers. The present study shows that presence or absence of particular CHCs might be used in the chemical diagnosis of the FAR complex. Moreover, our results represent an important first step in the development of a useful chemotaxonomic tool for cryptic species identification of these important agricultural pests.
Leaders, Followers, and Risk Dynamics in Industry Equilibrium
Authors: Carlson Murray , Dockner Engelbert J. , Fisher Adlai , Giammarino Ron 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study the distinct impacts of own and rival actions on risk and return when firms strategically compete in the product market. Contrary to simple intuition, a competitor’s options to adjust capacity reduce own-firm risk. For example, if a rival possesses a growth option, an increase in industry demand directly enhances profits but also encourages value-reducing competitor expansion. The rival option thus acts as a natural hedge. Within the industry, we obtain endogenous differences in expected returns. In a leader-follower equilibrium, own-firm and competitor risks and required returns move together through contractions and oppositely during expansions, providing testable new predictions.
Nervus intermedius meningioma
Authors: Rodgers B , Chamoun R , Newell K , Lin J 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:To report a case of meningioma arising from the nervus intermedius.Methods:This paper comprises a case report, literature review, and discussion regarding the presentation of a nervus intermedius meningioma, comparing and contrasting this to other relevant neoplasms of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle.Results:Tumours of the cerebellopontine angle include vestibular schwannomas, facial schwannomas and, more rarely, nervus intermedius schwannomas. The nervus intermedius is a division of the facial nerve at the cerebellopontine angle, with parasympathetic and afferent somatic components. Our patient presented with progressive hearing loss. An ipsilateral internal auditory canal mass at the fundus, as indicated by magnetic resonance imaging and electroneuronography, was suggestive of vestibular schwannoma. Intra-operative dissection revealed a nervus intermedius tumour. Histological evaluation indicated a meningioma rather than a schwannoma.Conclusion:This is the first reported case of meningioma involving the nervus intermedius. The implications this pathology may have on surgical approach, facial nerve outcomes, and the need for improved pre-operative imaging and intra-operative monitoring are discussed. A review of the current literature on nervus intermedius tumour is provided.
Air travellers' awareness of the preventability of otic barotrauma
Authors: Mitchell-Innes A , Young E , Vasiljevic A , Rashid M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective:Otic barotrauma is common among air travellers and can cause severe otalgia, perforation of the tympanic membrane and hearing loss. Many prevention measures exist, with varying evidence to support their use. There are no data to establish if air travellers are aware of them or indeed use them. We aimed to establish air travellers' knowledge of such prevention measures.Methods:We surveyed air travellers at two UK airports by means of a questionnaire. Answers to the questionnaire were collected over a two-week period.Results:Overall, 179 air travellers with a mean age of 28 years (range: 15–72 years) completed the questionnaire. There were 66 female and 113 male air travellers. The majority (84 per cent) complained of symptoms while flying and 30 per cent were not aware of any prevention measures. Barotrauma-related symptoms were reported in 25 per cent of air travellers who were unaware of any prevention measures. Nearly all air travellers (86 per cent) indicated that more information regarding prevention measures would be useful.Conclusion:Air travellers are often not aware of prevention measures to avoid otic barotrauma, and the majority suffer as a result. Increasing public awareness of simple prevention measures would have a significant impact on air travellers.
Genitive variation: the niche role of the oblique genitive
Authors: PAYNE JOHN , BERLAGE EVA 
Published: June 2014

This article discusses the niche role that the oblique genitive of the type the friend of John’s occupies in the context of genitive variation. The article shows that the oblique genitive should be considered an independent construction which competes marginally in two syntactic contexts with the s-genitive (as in John's friend) and the of-genitive (as in the friend of John). The first context is one in which all three constructions function as the predicative complement of the clause (e.g. He is a friend of John's / John's friend / a friend of John). Note that in this context the definiteness effect of the s-genitive is downplayed, so that competition is possible with indefiniteness of the other two constructions. The second context is one where the oblique genitive and the of-genitive are introduced by the determiner the. Contrary to the claim that oblique genitive constructions introduced by the definite article must receive restrictive modification of the head (see e.g. Barker 1998; Lyons 1986), the quantitative data presented in this article reveal that oblique genitives introduced by the determiner the are not confined to pre- or postmodification of the head but can occur, albeit rarely, without any modification as in the example the executor of Sir Ralph’s.The article further compares the oblique genitive, s-genitive and of-genitive with respect to the following five features: noun-headed vs pronoun dependent; animacy of the dependent; length of the noun-headed dependent; determiner of the head; and the semantic relations that can hold between head (e.g. friend) and dependent (e.g. John). The most intriguing theoretical conclusion is that the semantic relations available to head and dependent in the oblique genitive are a subset of those found in the s-genitive, which, again constitute a subset of those that exist in the of-genitive. This means that variation between all three constructions is not only restricted to the two syntactic contexts outlined above but also to a shared set of semantic relations.
Exposure–Response Modeling of Clinical End Points Using Latent Variable Indirect Response Models
Authors: Hu C 
Published: June 2014

Exposure–response modeling facilitates effective dosing regimen selection in clinical drug development, where the end points are often disease scores and not physiological variables. Appropriate models need to be consistent with pharmacology and identifiable from the time courses of available data. This article describes a general framework of applying mechanism‐based models to various types of clinical end points. Placebo and drug model parameterization, interpretation, and assessment are discussed with a focus on the indirect response models.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e117; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.15; published online 4 June 2014
Identification and Multiplicity of Double Vowels in Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Kwon Bomjun J. , Perry Trevor T. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose

The present study examined cochlear implant (CI) users' perception of vowels presented concurrently (i.e.,
double vowels
) to further our understanding of auditory grouping in electric hearing.

Method
Identification of double vowels and single vowels was measured with 10 CI subjects. Fundamental frequencies (F0s) of vowels were either 100 + 100 Hz or 100 + 300 Hz. Vowels were presented either synchronously or with a time delay. In “Double” sessions, subjects were given only double vowels. In “Double + Single” sessions, while double and single vowels were presented, subjects reported the number and identity of the vowel(s). In addition to clinical settings, stimuli were delivered via an experimental method that interleaved pulse streams of two vowels.

Results
Although the time delay between vowels had a large effect on identification, the effect of change in fundamental frequency (ΔF0) was modest. Enumeration was poor in general, and identification of synchronous vowels was above chance in only the Double sessions with a priori knowledge about presentation. Interleaved presentation of vowel streams provided no benefit for identification and a marginal benefit for enumeration.

Conclusions
The results demonstrate the importance of episodic context for CI users. Unreliable perception of multiplicity observed in the present results suggests that auditory grouping in CIs may be driven by a schema-based process.
High‐voltage boost quasi‐Z‐source isolated DC/DC converter
Authors: Siwakoti Yam P. , Blaabjerg Frede , Loh Poh Chiang , Town Graham E. 
Published: June 2014

A high‐voltage gain two‐switch quasi‐Z‐source isolated DC/DC converter has been presented in this study. It consists of a quasi‐Z‐source network at its input, a push–pull square‐wave inverter at its middle, and a voltage‐doubler rectifier at its output. When coordinated appropriately, the new converter uses less switches, a smaller common duty cycle and less turns for the transformer when compared with existing topologies. Its size and weight are therefore smaller, whereas its efficiency is higher. It is therefore well‐suited for applications, where a wide range of voltage gain is required like renewable energy systems, DC power supplies found in telecom, aerospace and electric vehicles. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed converter, a 400 V, 500 W prototype has been implemented in the laboratory. Efficiency of the prototype measured is found to vary from 89.0 to 97.4% when its input voltage changes from 44 to 82 V at full load.
A Critical Assessment of RIN Price Behavior and the Implications for Corn, Ethanol, and Gasoline Price Relationships
Authors: Whistance Jarrett , Thompson Wyatt 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study observationally and statistically assesses theories put forth regarding expected price behavior of Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs) using a dataset of daily RIN price observations from January 2009 through May 2013. RIN price behavior tends to follow theoretical expectations, but some notable exceptions occur, the causes of which remain uncertain. Information provided by RIN prices is used to test the implications of a binding renewable fuel standard (RFS) versus a nonbinding RFS on ethanol‐gasoline and corn‐gasoline price relationships. In certain cases, cointegration tests provide evidence that the relationships are weaker when the RFS mandates are believed to be binding.
SMaSH: a benchmarking toolkit for human genome variant calling
Authors: Talwalkar Ameet , Liptrap Jesse , Newcomb Julie , Hartl Christopher , Terhorst Jonathan , Curtis Kristal , Bresler Ma’ayan , Song Yun S. , Jordan Michael I. , Patterson David 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMotivation: Computational methods are essential to extract actionable information from raw sequencing data, and to thus fulfill the promise of next-generation sequencing technology. Unfortunately, computational tools developed to call variants from human sequencing data disagree on many of their predictions, and current methods to evaluate accuracy and computational performance are ad hoc and incomplete. Agreement on benchmarking variant calling methods would stimulate development of genomic processing tools and facilitate communication among researchers.Results: We propose SM a SH, a benchmarking methodology for evaluating germline variant calling algorithms. We generate synthetic datasets, organize and interpret a wide range of existing benchmarking data for real genomes and propose a set of accuracy and computational performance metrics for evaluating variant calling methods on these benchmarking data. Moreover, we illustrate the utility of SM a SH to evaluate the performance of some leading single-nucleotide polymorphism, indel and structural variant calling algorithms.Availability and implementation: We provide free and open access online to the SM a SH tool kit, along with detailed documentation, at smash.cs.berkeley.eduContact: ameet@cs.berkeley.edu or pattrsn@cs.berkeley.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tedna: a transposable element
de novo
assembler
Authors: Zytnicki Matthias , Akhunov Eduard , Quesneville Hadi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Motivation : Recent technological advances are allowing many laboratories to sequence their research organisms. Available de novo assemblers leave repetitive portions of the genome poorly assembled. Some genomes contain high proportions of transposable elements, and transposable elements appear to be a major force behind diversity and adaptation. Few de novo assemblers for transposable elements exist, and most have either been designed for small genomes or 454 reads.
Results : In this article, we present a new transposable element de novo assembler, Tedna, which assembles a set of transposable elements directly from the reads. Tedna uses Illumina paired-end reads, the most widely used sequencing technology for de novo assembly, and forms full-length transposable elements.
Availability and implementation : Tedna is available at http://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/Tools/Tedna , under the GPLv3 license. It is written in C++11 and only requires the Sparsehash Package, freely available under the New BSD License. Tedna can be used on standard computers with limited RAM resources, although it may also use large memory for better results. Most of the code is parallelized and thus ready for large infrastructures.
Contact : matthias.zytnicki@toulouse.inra.fr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Severe Morbidity and Mortality Risk From Malaria in the United States, 1985–2011
Authors: Hwang Jimee , Cullen Karen A. , Kachur S. Patrick , Arguin Paul M. , Baird J. Kevin 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background.  Recent reports of Plasmodium vivax associated with severe syndromes and mortality from malaria endemic areas questions the “benign” course of non-falciparum malarias.
Methods.  We retrospectively analyzed data from patients reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention with a diagnosis of malaria parasite single-species infection between 1985 and 2011. Patients classified as having severe illness were further classified according to outcome (survival versus death) and clinical syndrome.
Results.  Among all cases, .9% of Plasmodium falciparum cases resulted in death and 9.3% were classified as severe, whereas .09% of P. vivax cases resulted in death and 1.3% were classified as severe. The odds ratios for severe illness among 15 272 diagnoses of P. falciparum relative to patients diagnosed with P. vivax (n = 12 152), Plasmodium malariae (n = 1254), or Plasmodium ovale (n = 903) was 7.5, 5.7, and 5.0, respectively (P &lt; .0001 for all); in contrast, the corresponding odds ratios for death among those severely ill was 1.6, 1.1, and .8 (P &gt; .1 for all), respectively. Compared with P. vivax (n = 163), the odds of P. falciparum cases classified as severely ill (n = 1416) were 1.9 (P = .0006), .5 (P = .001), and 1.3 times (P = .1) as likely to present as cerebral, acute respiratory distress, and renal syndromes, respectively.
Conclusions.  Although less common, patients presenting with non-falciparum even in the United States can develop severe illness, and severe illness in patients having malaria of any species threatens life.
A Role for CHH Methylation in the Parent-of-Origin Effect on Altered Circadian Rhythms and Biomass Heterosis inArabidopsisIntraspecific Hybrids
Authors: Ng Danny W.-K. , Miller Marisa , Yu Helen H. , Huang Tien-Yu , Kim Eun-Deok , Lu Jie , Xie Qiguang , McClung C. Robertson , Chen Z. Jeffrey 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHybrid plants and animals often show increased levels of growth and fitness, a phenomenon known as hybrid vigor or heterosis. Circadian rhythms optimize physiology and metabolism in plants and animals. In plant hybrids and polyploids, expression changes of the genes within the circadian regulatory network, such as CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), lead to heterosis. However, the relationship between allelic CCA1 expression and heterosis has remained elusive. Here, we show a parent-of-origin effect on altered circadian rhythms and heterosis in Arabidopsis thaliana F1 hybrids. This parent-of-origin effect on biomass heterosis correlates with altered CCA1 expression amplitudes, which are associated with methylation levels of CHH (where H = A, T, or C) sites in the promoter region. The direction of rhythmic expression and hybrid vigor is reversed in reciprocal F1 crosses involving mutants that are defective in the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway (argonaute4 and nuclear RNA polymerase D1a) but not in the maintenance methylation pathway (methyltransferase1 and decrease in DNA methylation1). This parent-of-origin effect on circadian regulation and heterosis is established during early embryogenesis and maintained throughout growth and development.