bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dicarbazolyldicyanobenzenes as Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Effect of Substitution Position on Photoluminescent and Electroluminescent Properties
Authors: Li Bo , Nomura Hiroko , Miyazaki Hiroshi , Zhang Qisheng , Yoshida Kou , Suzuma Yoshinori , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We demonstrate two efficient blue-green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) compounds comprising a dimeric phenylcarbazole and four cyano substituents on the phenyl rings. A comparison of the 2,6-dicyano-substituted derivative (26IPNDCz) with the 3,5-dicyano-substituted derivative (35IPNDCz) shows that 26IPNDCz provides a larger dihedral angle and a lower decrease in the energy difference between the first singlet and triplet excited states (ΔEST) and the TADF lifetime. An organic light-emitting diode based on 26IPNDCz afforded an external quantum efficiency of 10% with reduced efficiency roll-off.
Synthesis of Silica Vesicles with Small Sizes and Reduced Aggregation for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Yang Yannan , Karmakar Surajit , Yu Meihua , Popat Amirali , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Silica vesicles (SVs) with a diameter of 30 nm and reduced aggregation have been successfully synthesized using mixed triblock copolymer surfactants as the structure-directing agents, tetraethyl orthosilicate and tetrapropyl orthosilicate as mixed silica sources. Silicon phthalocyanine dichloride (SiPC) has been loaded into SV, significantly enhancing the delivery and photodynamic therapy efficiency of SiPC into cancer cells.
Robust Superhydrophobic Zinc Oxide Film
Authors: Xin Yan , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A robust superhydrophobic surface of hexagonal ZnO microrods with a sole microscale structure was achieved via a controlled shape-preserving hydrothermal reaction. The obtained surface showed superhydrophobic properties with good mechanical properties by means of a tribological tester, which may provide an insight into designing robust water-repellent surfaces on various substrates and offer opportunities for developing various promising applications for biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces.
Geoscience of Climate and Energy 12. Water Quality Issues in the Oil Sands Region of the Lower Athabasca River, Alberta
Authors: Schindler David W. 
Published: November 2013

I summarize the controversies about industrial pollutants in freshwaters near the oil sands industrial area of Alberta, the inadequacies in environmental monitoring that have led to widespread misconceptions, and recent attempts to correct the problems. Adequate data are available to show that mercury, other trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic compounds are being added by industry to the Athabasca river system and its watershed, although the relative contributions of industrial development and natural sources remain in question. Recent improvements in water monitoring by Environment Canada show promise of resolving the controversies, although independent governance for Canada’s and Alberta’s water monitoring programs in the lower Athabasca River will be necessary to rebuild public confidence in the data and their interpretation by government and industry. I document one success story in the Athabasca River: the elimination of dioxins from pulp mills in the mid-1990s has caused a consumption advisory for fish in the river to be repealed.SOMMAIREJe présente ci-dessous un résumé des controverses concernant les polluants industriels dans les eaux douces à proximité de la zone industrielle des sables bitumineux de l'Alberta, des lacunes dans la surveillance des milieux de vie à l’origine d’idées fausses répandues, et de récentes tentatives visant à corriger les problèmes. Des données adéquates démontrent que l’industrie ajoute du mercure et d'autres métaux traces ainsi que des composés aromatiques polycycliques dans le système fluvial de la rivière Athabasca et dans son bassin versant, bien que les contributions relatives provenant de ces activités industrielles et de sources naturelles demeurent toujours en litige. De récentes améliorations apportées au contrôle des eaux par Environnement Canada permettent d’espérer une résolution des controverses, mais l’application d’une gouvernance indépendante des programmes de contrôle de l'eau de l'Alberta du Canada dans la partie inférieure du fleuve Athabasca sera nécessaire pour rétablir la confiance de la population à l’égard des données présentées et de leur interprétation par le gouvernement et l'industrie. Je décrie l’histoire d’une intervention réussie dans la rivière Athabasca, soit l'élimination de dioxines provenant des usines de pâte du milieu des années 1990 et qui a abouti à l’abrogation d’un avis de limitation de la consommation de poisson dans la rivière.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.012
The Minkowski problem, new constant curvature surfaces in ℝ3, and some applications
Authors: Alarcón Antonio , Souam Rabah 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Let

𝔪
∈
ℕ

${\mathfrak {m}\in \mathbb {N}}$

,

𝔪
≥
2

${\mathfrak {m}\ge 2}$

, and let

{

p
j

}

j
=
1

𝔪

${\lbrace p_j\rbrace _{j=1}^\mathfrak {m}}$

be a finite subset of 𝕊2 such that

0
→

∈

ℝ
3

${\vec{0}\in \mathbb {R}^3}$

lies in its positive convex hull. In this paper we make use of the classical Minkowski problem, to show the complete family of smooth convex bodies 𝒦 in ℝ3 whose boundary surface consists of an open surface S with constant Gauss curvature (respectively, constant mean curvature) and 𝔪 planar compact discs

D
¯

1

,
...
,

D
¯

𝔪

${\overline{D}_1,\ldots ,\overline{D}_\mathfrak {m}}$

, such that the Gauss map of S is a homeomorphism onto

𝕊
2

-

{

p
j

}

j
=
1

𝔪

${\mathbb {S}^2-\lbrace p_j\rbrace _{j=1}^\mathfrak {m}}$

and

D
j

⊥

p
j

${D_j\bot p_j}$

, for all

j
.

${j.}$

We derive applications to existence of harmonic diffeomorphisms between domains of 𝕊2, existence of capillary surfaces in ℝ3, and a Hessian equation of Monge–Ampère type.
The limit of the Yang–Mills flow on semi-stable bundles
Authors: Jacob Adam 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

By the work of Hong and Tian it is known that given a holomorphic vector bundle E over a compact Kähler manifold X, the Yang–Mills flow converges away from an analytic singular set. If E is semi-stable, then the limiting metric is Hermitian-Einstein and will decompose the limiting bundle E
∞ into a direct sum of stable bundles. Bando and Siu prove E
∞ can be extended to a reflexive sheaf

E
^

∞

${\hat{E}_\infty }$

on all of X. In this paper, we construct an isomorphism between

E
^

∞

${\hat{E}_\infty }$

and the double dual of the stable quotients of the graded Seshadri filtration

Gr

s

(
E
)

*
*

${{\rm Gr}^{\hspace*{0.56905pt}s}(E)^{**}}$

of E.
Linear stability of Perelman's ν-entropy on symmetric spaces of compact type
Authors: Cao Huai-Dong , He Chenxu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Following [`Gaussian densities and stability for some Ricci solitons', preprint 2004], in this paper we study the linear stability of Perelman's ν-entropy on Einstein manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. We observe the equivalence between the linear stability (also called ν-stability in this paper) restricted to the transversal traceless symmetric 2-tensors and the stability of Einstein manifolds with respect to the Hilbert action. As a main application, we give a full classification of linear stability of the ν-entropy on symmetric spaces of compact type. In particular, we exhibit many more ν-stable and ν-unstable examples than previously known and also the first ν-stable examples, other than the standard spheres, whose second variations are negative definite.
Placental syndecan-1 and sulphated glycosaminoglycans are decreased in preeclampsia
Authors: Heyer-Chauhan Narinda , Ovbude Ihinosen J. , Hills Anne A. , Sullivan Mark H. , Hills Frank A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans are found in extracellular matrix and on the cell surface in the form of proteoglycans. There is evidence that these molecules regulate biological processes, including cell survival, migration and angiogenesis. Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy disorder associated with insufficient placental development. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of glycosaminoglycans and the proteoglycan syndecan-1 within villous trophoblast and to investigate changes associated with preeclampsia. Seventy-five placental samples collected from third trimester singleton pregnancies were divided into term placentas following labour onset, gestational age-matched placentas prior to labour onset and preterm placentas. Preterm placentas were divided into three gestational age-matched groups, spontaneous preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and preterm preeclampsia. Sulphated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) concentrations in placental extracts were quantified using a modified 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue assay. Syndecan-1 expression was localised using immunohistochemistry and concentrations in placental extracts determined by immunoassay. Preterm placentas had significantly lower sGAG concentrations compared to term tissues and concentrations were significantly lower in preeclampsia compared to spontaneous preterm labour (medians 5.80 and 10.0 μg/mg protein respectively, P<0.05). Syndecan-1 expression was localised to syncytiotrophoblast and median concentrations were lower in preeclampsia compared to PPROM material (preeclampsia median = 41.7, PPROM 74.4 ng/mg tissue) but not significantly different to concentrations in spontaneous preterm labour. Multivariate analysis revealed that decreased sGAG and syndecan-1 in preeclampsia were independent of labour, gestational age and birthweight centile. These findings may provide insights into a role for these molecules in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Impact of IGF(CA)19 gene polymorphism on the metabolic response to GH therapy in adult GH-deficient patients
Authors: Giavoli C , Profka E , Sala E , Filopanti M , Barbieri A M , Bergamaschi S , Ferrante E , Arosio M , Ambrosi B , Lania A G , Spada A , Beck-Peccoz P 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveA polymorphism in the promoter region of theIGF1gene has been linked to serum IGF1 levels, risk of diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of this polymorphism on the short-term (1 year,n=98) and long-term (5 years,n=50) metabolic response to recombinant human GH (rhGH) in GH-deficient (GHD) adults.Design and methodsProspective study on GHD adults. Different genotypes were studied by microsatellite method. According to the most frequent 192 bp allele (19 cytosine–adenosine-repeats), subjects were divided into homozygous (19/19), heterozygous (19/X), and noncarriers (X/X).ResultsBasal characteristics of patients as well as their response to rhGH in terms of decrease in body fat percentage and increase in IGF1 levels were not different in the three genotype-groups. Conversely, after 1-year rhGH, a significant worsening of insulin sensitivity (i.e. increase in fasting glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and a significant improvement in lipid profile (i.e. reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol) were recorded only in homozygous subjects. In the long-term, insulin sensitivity was restored in all the patients, while a significant improvement in lipid profile was observed in homozygous and heterozygous subjects, but not in noncarrier subjects. No difference in rhGH dose among groups was recorded throughout the study.ConclusionsIn GHD adults, the presence of the WT allele in the IGF1 gene promoter may enhance sensitivity to either negative or positive metabolic changes induced by rhGH.
Long-term remission and recurrence rates after first and second transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's disease: care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region
Authors: Dimopoulou C , Schopohl J , Rachinger W , Buchfelder M , Honegger J , Reincke M , Stalla G K 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveTranssphenoidal surgery (TSS) presents the treatment of choice for Cushing's disease (CD). Remission and recurrence rates vary dependent on tumor size, extension, adenoma visibility on magnetic resonance imaging, and neurosurgical expertise. Other than published from single-surgeon neurosurgical series so far, we have aimed to describe long-term remission and recurrence rates of CD in a series incorporating different neurosurgeons, trying to reflect care reality in the Munich Metropolitan Region, which is accommodated by three tertiary university and multiple, smaller neurosurgical centers.DesignWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 120 patients who underwent first and 36 patients who underwent second TSS as treatment for CD between 1990 and 2012.MethodsPatients were divided into three groups according to remission status. Potential risk factors for recurrence, pituitary function, and strategy in persistent disease were assessed.ResultsThree outcome groups were identified according to remission status after first TSS (mean follow-up 79 months): remission, 71% (85/120), disease persistence, 29% (35/120), and disease recurrence, 34% (29/85) (mean time to recurrence 54 months). After second TSS (n=36, mean follow-up 62 months), we documented remission in 42% (15/36), disease persistence in 58% (21/36), and disease recurrence in 40% (6/15) (mean time to recurrence 42 months). Postoperative hypocortisolism after first, though not after second, TSS was associated with a lower risk of suffering disease recurrence (risk=0.72; 95% CI 0.60–0.88; exact significance (two-sided) P=0.035).ConclusionsOur study shows higher recurrence rates of CD after first TSS than previously reported. Second TSS leads an additional 8% of the patients to long-term CD remission.
Role of UGT1A1 and ADH gene polymorphisms in pegvisomant-induced liver toxicity in acromegalic patients
Authors: Filopanti M , Barbieri A M , Mantovani G , Corbetta S , Gasco V , Ragonese M , Martini C , Bogazzi F , Colao A , Ferone D , Peri A , Pigliaru F , Angeletti G , Arosio M , Beck-Peccoz P , Lania A G , Spada A 
Published: November 2013

ContextHepatotoxicity is one of the most serious adverse effects in acromegalic patients treated with pegvisomant (PEG-V). Recent studies have found an association between this adverse event and the UGT1A1 allele 28 polymorphism associated with Gilbert's syndrome.ObjectiveTo determine whether UGT1A1*28 and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) polymorphisms influence liver toxicity during PEG-V treatment.Design and settingMulticenter observational retrospective study conducted in 13 tertiary care endocrinology units in Italy.PatientsA total of 112 patients with active disease resistant to somatostatin analogs (SSTa) and 108 controls were enrolled.InterventionsClinical and biochemical data were recorded by electronic clinical reporting forms. Blood or DNA samples were sent to the coordinating center for genotyping.ResultsNo differences in genotypes between patients and controls were found. During PEG-V therapy liver function tests (LFT), abnormalities and overt hepatotoxicity developed in 17 and 4.5% of patients respectively. Logistic and linear regression analyses showed an association between LFT abnormalities during the follow-up visit and prior events of LFT abnormalities in medical history (odds ratio=1.25;P=0.04) and the number of concomitant medications, other than SSTa (B=3.9;P=0.03). No correlation between LFT alterations and UGT1A1 allele 28 as well as ADH1C and B polymorphisms was found.ConclusionsUGT1A1 allele 28 and ADH1C and B polymorphisms do not predict increased risk of hepatotoxicity during PEG-V therapy. Conversely, patients with multi-therapies and with previous episodes of liver disease should be carefully managed, due to the observed association between these conditions and LFT abnormalities during PEG-V therapy.
Abnormal metabolic phenotype in middle-aged GH-deficient adults despite long-term recombinant human GH replacement
Authors: Claessen K M J A , Appelman-Dijkstra N M , Pereira A M , Joustra S D , de Mutsert R , Gast K B , den Heijer M , Smit J W A , Dekkers O M , Biermasz N R 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundAdult GH deficiency (GHD) is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement has beneficial short-term metabolic effects. Although these positive effects sustain during longer follow-up, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) remains increased in comparison with population data not adjusted for the higher mean BMI in GHD adults.ObjectiveTo explore whether middle-aged patients with proposed physiological rhGH replacement have been normalized with respect to MS and its individual components in comparison with the general population, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.MethodsOne hundred and sixty-one GHD patients (aged 40–70 years) were studied before the start and after 5 years of rhGH replacement, and were compared with 1671 subjects (aged 45–66 years) from the general population (NEO Study).ResultsMS proportion in GHD patients was 41.0% before the start of rhGH suppletion, increasing to 53.4% after 5 years (P=0.007). Despite chronic rhGH replacement, GHD patients had a 1.3-times higher MS proportion than the general population, independently of age, sex, and BMI (95% CI 1.1–1.5, P=0.008). The GHD population showed a different metabolic profile than the general population with similar BMI: an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia (adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) 2.0, 95% CI 1.7–2.3) and low HDL-C (adjusted PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5–2.2), but less hyperglycemia (adjusted PR 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.7).ConclusionsDespite 5 years of rhGH replacement, GHD patients still have a different metabolic profile and more frequently MS than the general population. These differences were independent of BMI, and resemble the unfavorable metabolic profile of untreated GHD patients, pointing to question the long-term benefits of rhGH replacement.
Overweight Adolescents and Life Events in Childhood
Authors: Lumeng Julie C. , Wendorf Kristen , Pesch Megan H. , Appugliese Danielle P. , Kaciroti Niko , Corwyn Robert F. , Bradley Robert H. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVES:
To test the association of life events in childhood with overweight risk in adolescence; to examine the effects of chronicity, timing, intensity, valence, and type of life events; and to test potential moderators.

METHODS:
Mothers of children enrolled in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development responded to the Life Experiences Survey at ages 4, 9, and 11 years. Using logistic regression analysis, we tested the association of experiencing many negative life events with being overweight at age 15 years, controlling for child gender, race/ethnicity, maternal education, and maternal obesity. Child gender, maternal education, maternal obesity, child’s ability to delay gratification for food, and maternal sensitivity were tested as moderators.

RESULTS:
Among the 848 study children (82% non-Hispanic white), experiencing many negative life events was associated with a higher risk of overweight (odds ratio: 1.47 [95% confidence interval: 1.04–2.10]). Greater chronicity and negative valence of the event were associated with greater overweight risk; timing of exposure and maternal reported impact of the event were not. The association was more robust for events related to family physical or mental health and among children of obese mothers and children who waited longer for food.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who experience many negative life events are at higher risk of being overweight by age 15 years. Future work should investigate mechanisms involved in this association, particularly those connected to appetitive drive and self-regulation; these mechanisms may hold promise for obesity prevention strategies.
Serum Tocopherol Levels in Very Preterm Infants After a Single Dose of Vitamin E at Birth
Authors: Bell Edward F. , Hansen Nellie I. , Brion Luc P. , Ehrenkranz Richard A. , Kennedy Kathleen A. , Walsh Michele C. , Shankaran Seetha , Acarregui Michael J. , Johnson Karen J. , Hale Ellen C. , Messina Lynn A. , Crawford Margaret M. , Laptook Abbot R. , Goldberg Ronald N. , Van Meurs Krisa P. , Carlo Waldemar A. , Poindexter Brenda B. , Faix Roger G. , Carlton David P. , Watterberg Kristi L. , Ellsbury Dan L. , Das Abhik , Higgins Rosemary D. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:Our aim was to examine the impact of a single enteral dose of vitamin E on serum tocopherol levels. The study was undertaken to see whether a single dose of vitamin E soon after birth can rapidly increase the low α-tocopherol levels seen in very preterm infants. If so, this intervention could be tested as a means of reducing the risk of intracranial hemorrhage.METHODS:Ninety-three infants &lt;27 weeks’ gestation and &lt;1000 g were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of vitamin E or placebo by gastric tube within 4 hours of birth. The vitamin E group received 50 IU/kg of vitamin E as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate (Aquasol E). The placebo group received sterile water. Blood samples were taken for measurement of serum tocopherol levels by high-performance liquid chromatography before dosing and 24 hours and 7 days after dosing.RESULTS:Eighty-eight infants received the study drug and were included in the analyses. The α-tocopherol levels were similar between the groups at baseline but higher in the vitamin E group at 24 hours (median 0.63 mg/dL vs 0.42 mg/dL, P = .003) and 7 days (2.21 mg/dL vs 1.86 mg/dL, P = .04). There were no differences between groups in γ-tocopherol levels. At 24 hours, 30% of vitamin E infants and 62% of placebo infants had α-tocopherol levels &lt;0.5 mg/dL.CONCLUSIONS:A 50-IU/kg dose of vitamin E raised serum α-tocopherol levels, but to consistently achieve α-tocopherol levels &gt;0.5 mg/dL, a higher dose or several doses of vitamin E may be needed.
Advancing Cervical Cancer Prevention in India: Implementation Science Priorities
Authors: Krishnan Suneeta , Madsen Emily , Porterfield Deborah , Varghese Beena 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in India, accounting for 17% of all cancer deaths among women aged 30 to 69 years. At current incidence rates, the annual burden of new cases in India is projected to increase to 225,000 by 2025, but there are few large-scale, organized cervical cancer prevention programs in the country. We conducted a review of the cervical cancer prevention research literature and programmatic experiences in India to summarize the current state of knowledge and practices and recommend research priorities to address the gap in services. We found that research and programs in India have demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of cervical cancer prevention efforts and that screening strategies requiring minimal additional human resources and laboratory infrastructure can reduce morbidity and mortality. However, additional evidence generated through implementation science research is needed to ensure that cervical cancer prevention efforts have the desired impact and are cost-effective. Specifically, implementation science research is needed to understand individual- and community-level barriers to screening and diagnostic and treatment services; to improve health care worker performance; to strengthen links among screening, diagnosis, and treatment; and to determine optimal program design, outcomes, and costs. With a quarter of the global burden of cervical cancer in India, there is no better time than now to translate research findings to practice. Implementation science can help ensure that investments in cervical cancer prevention and control result in the greatest impact.