bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT enterography in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Jun‐qiang , Liu Jin‐lu , Qin Xin‐gan , Huang Yuan 
Published: January 2013

SummaryThe objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive and update overview of clinical application of CT enterography (CTE) in the evaluation of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). We performed a systematic review of relevant literatures in PubMed, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library and pooled the yield of CTE and the incremental yield (IY) of CTE over an alternate modality. A total of 18 studies (n = 660) reported the yield of CTE in evaluating OGIB and the pooled yield was 40% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33–49%). Seven studies (n = 279) compared the yield of CTE with capsule endoscopy (CE). The yield for CTE and CE for all findings was 34% and 53%, respectively (IY = −19%, 95% CI = −34% to −4%). When considering the types of identified lesions, the yield was significantly different for vascular and inflammatory lesions but not significantly different for neoplastic or other lesions. Two studies (n = 63) compared the yield of CTE with double‐balloon enteroscopy (DBE). The yield for CTE and DBE was 38% and 78%, respectively (IY = −40%, 95% CI = −55% to −25%). Three studies (n = 49) compared the yield of CTE with digital subtraction angiography. The yield for CTE and digital subtraction angiography was 64% and 60%, respectively (IY = 4%, 95% CI = −40% to 47%). CTE is an excellent diagnostic tool in patients with OGIB. It may play a complementary role to CE and can be used as a triage tool prior to DBE in evaluating OGIB.
Autophagy mediates caloric restriction‐induced lifespan extension in Arabidopsis
Authors: Minina Elena A. , Sanchez‐Vera Victoria , Moschou Panagiotis N. , Suarez Maria F. , Sundberg Eva , Weih Martin , Bozhkov Peter V. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryCaloric restriction (CR) extends lifespan in various heterotrophic organisms ranging from yeasts to mammals, but whether a similar phenomenon occurs in plants remains unknown. Plants are autotrophs and use their photosynthetic machinery to convert light energy into the chemical energy of glucose and other organic compounds. As the rate of photosynthesis is proportional to the level of photosynthetically active radiation, the CR in plants can be modeled by lowering light intensity. Here, we report that low light intensity extends the lifespan in Arabidopsis through the mechanisms triggering autophagy, the major catabolic process that recycles damaged and potentially harmful cellular material. Knockout of autophagy‐related genes results in the short lifespan and suppression of the lifespan‐extending effect of the CR. Our data demonstrate that the autophagy‐dependent mechanism of CR‐induced lifespan extension is conserved between autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Trichodysplasia spinulosa: A benign adnexal proliferation with follicular differentiation associated with polyomavirus
Authors: Lee Yvonne Y , Tucker Simon C , Prow Natalie A , Setoh Yin Xiang , Banney Leith A 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTrichodysplasia spinulosa is a rare polyomavirus‐associated cutaneous eruption occurring in the setting of immunosuppression. Clinically it is characterised by multiple centrofacial folliculocentric papules with spinous protuberances. The histopathology is distinct and treatment with antiviral agents appears to be the most effective.
Unexplained recurrent fever: when is autoinflammation the explanation?
Authors: Kallinich T. , Gattorno M. , Grattan C. E. , de Koning H. D. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C. , Feist E. , Krause K. , Lipsker D. , Navarini A. A. , Maurer M. , Lachmann H. J. , Simon A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecurrent fever can be the sole or leading manifestation of a variety of diseases including malignancies, autoimmune diseases and infections. Because the differential diagnoses are manifold, no formal guidelines for the approach of patients with recurrent fever exists. The newly recognized group of autoinflammatory diseases are often accompanied by repetitive fever attacks. As these episodes are frequently associated by a variety of divergent presentations, the differentiation of other causes for febrile illnesses can be difficult. In this article, we first review disease entities, which frequently present with the symptom of recurrent fever. In a next step, we summarize their characteristic pattern of disease presentation. Finally, we analyse key features of autoinflammatory diseases, which are helpful to distinguish this group of diseases from the other causes of recurrent fever. Recognizing these symptom patterns can provide the crucial clues and, thus, lead to the initiation of targeted specific diagnostic tests and therapies.
The antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 induces synthesis and release of cysteinyl leukotrienes from human eosinophils – implications for asthma
Authors: Sun J. , Dahlén B. , Agerberth B. , Haeggström J. Z. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundEosinophils and their products, including leukotrienes and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), are well‐known mediators of inflammation and tissue damage in asthma. The antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 exhibits a variety of immunomodulatory activities. However, the role of LL‐37 in asthma has not been fully addressed. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of LL‐37 on inducing inflammatory mediators in human eosinophils, probe the underlying mechanisms, and search for a clinical correlate.MethodsPrimary eosinophils were isolated from peripheral blood. Leukotriene and ECP levels were measured using EIAs or ELISAs. Activation of leukotriene‐synthesizing enzymes and signaling kinases was analyzed by Western blot or immunofluorescent imaging. LL‐37/its proform hCAP18 expression was analyzed by Western blot.ResultsLL‐37, via formyl peptide receptor‐2 (FPR‐2), triggered the release of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys‐LTs) from eosinophils. The release was more prominent in cells primed with the eosinophilopoietic cytokine GM‐CSF or IL‐5 or cells from asthmatic patients. LL‐37 stimulates lipid body formation and activates cys‐LT‐synthesizing enzymes by multiple mechanisms: enhancing cPLA2 activity by pERK1/2‐mediated phosphorylation and inducing intracellular translocation and assembly of 5‐LO and LTC4S at perinuclear locations and lipid bodies. In addition to cys‐LTs, LL‐37 enhances ECP release from eosinophils via pERK1/2. The expression of hCAP18 and its release following leukotriene stimulation are significantly higher in eosinophils from asthmatics.ConclusionsThis study identifies LL‐37 as an eosinophil‐activating peptide that triggers release of inflammatory mediators. The clinical correlation suggests that LL‐37/hCAP18 and its signaling pathway represent potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
Associated social factors of prevalent asthma in adults and the very old in the UK
Authors: Shiue I. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSocial determinants of asthma in adults and the very old have received little attention. Hence, it was aimed to examine social determinants of asthma in adults and the very old in a national population‐based setting. Data were analyzed in the UK Longitudinal Household Survey, 2009–2010. Information on demographics, living and work conditions, self‐reported ever asthma and age of onset was obtained by household interview. Regional difference was also examined. Analysis involved t‐test and logistic regression modeling. Of 50 994 people included in the cohort, 6269 (12.3%) had ever asthma. In 2977 people, it occurred in the adulthood (16+ years) and only 91 people had their first asthma (incident asthma) at the age when they were interviewed. Education was borderline associated with asthma in the very old. In the young and middle‐aged adults, however, birth place had a significant impact. Additionally, there was no regional difference in asthma prevalence across the entire UK.
Importance of serum basal tryptase levels in children with insect venom allergy
Authors: Yavuz S. T. , Sackesen C. , Sahiner U. M. , Buyuktiryaki B. , Arik Yilmaz E. , Sekerel B. E. , Soyer O. U. , Tuncer A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of serum basal tryptase (sBT) levels on patients with venom allergy is highlighted in recent adulthood studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sBT levels of venom‐allergic children with varying severity of clinical reactions. We also aimed to document the association between sBT levels and severe systemic reactions (SR).MethodsSerum basal tryptase levels were estimated by UniCAP (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden). Children who suffered from large local reaction (LLR) or SR after insect stings were included along with healthy control subjects without a history of any local or SR after insect stings.ResultsA total of 128 children (55 with SR, 18 with LLR, and 55 age and sex‐matched control subjects) with a median age of 8.9 years (range 3.2–17.4) were enrolled. Severe SR was encountered in 24 (44%) patients with SRs. The median level of sBT in children with SRs (median, interquartile range) [4.2 μg/l (3.6–4.9)] was significantly higher than in children with LLRs [3.1 μg/l (2.5–4.0)] and healthy control subjects [2.9 μg/l (2.3–3.4)] (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed sBT ≥ 4.8 μg/l as a significant risk factor for severe SR (5.7 [1.5–21.4]; P = 0.01) in children with venom allergy.ConclusionsOur results indicate that sBT levels are associated with a higher risk of severe SR in children with insect venom hypersensitivity. Determination of sBT levels may help clinicians to identify patients under risk of severe SRs and optimal and timely use of therapeutic interventions in children with venom allergy.
Conservative management of abnormally invasive placenta: four case reports
Authors: Ramoni Angela , Strobl Eva‐Maria , Tiechl Johanna , Ritter Magdalena , Marth Christian 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of placenta increta and percreta is essential to avoid potentially life‐threatening hemorrhage by optimizing peripartal management. Invasive placentation presents significant challenges at cesarean section even for highly skilled surgeons. In the four cases of placenta increta/percreta presented here we tried to avoid hysterectomy by leaving the placenta behind and tried to accelerate regression of placental tissue by administering methotrexate. The outcome in each of the four women was different, but no major bleeding occurred in any of the cases. Close follow‐up for many weeks is mandatory.
Early sudden unexpected death in infancy (ESUDI) – three case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Gnigler Maria , Ralser Elisabeth , Karall Daniela , Reiter Gernot , Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer Ursula 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimEarly sudden unexpected death in infancy (ESUDI) is a rare cause of death occurring in newborns during the first hours of life. Our aim was to find additional data for the identification of risk factors and establishment of prevention strategies.MethodsWe describe three cases of ESUDI and give an overview of the literature.ResultsESUDI was observed in term babies with normal birth weight after good postnatal adaptation within the first four hours of life. Maternal age was between 29 and 36 years, mothers were primiparous and of normal weight. All three events occurred during unobserved early skin‐to‐skin contact. Autopsy and post‐mortem metabolic screening revealed no cause of death. A search of the MEDLINE and Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) databases brought to light 132 cases of ESUDI reported in the literature from 1985 to 2012. Concurrent with our observations, first parity and unobserved early skin‐to‐skin contact seem to be prime predictors of ESUDI. Other pre‐described risk factors such as mode of delivery, birth weight, mother's age and body mass index were not seen in our patients.ConclusionClose observation during the first hours of life is essential and can be life‐saving, especially during early skin‐to‐skin contact.
Review article: the management of long‐term parenteral nutrition
Authors: Dibb M. , Teubner A. , Theis V. , Shaffer J. , Lal S. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryBackgroundHome parenteral nutrition (HPN) is currently the management of choice for patients with chronic intestinal failure.AimTo summarise the major issues in delivering long‐term parenteral nutrition (>3 months) and assess outcome as per complications, mortality and quality of life. To assess the evidence for the therapeutic use of trophic factors such as teduglutide and to review evolving therapeutic options in the treatment of chronic intestinal failure.MethodsA literature search using PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed.ResultsSafe delivery of HPN relies upon individualised formulations of parenteral nutrition administered via carefully maintained central venous catheters by trained patients or carers, supported by a skilled multidisciplinary team. Early diagnosis and treatment of complications including catheter‐associated blood stream infection (reported incidence 0.14–0.83 episodes/patient‐year on HPN) and central venous thrombosis (reported incidence 0.03 episodes/patient‐year) is important to minimise mortality and morbidity. There is a significant variation in the reported incidence of both hepatobiliary complications (19–75%) and advanced liver disease (0–50%). Five‐year survival rates in large centres are reported between 60% and 78% with survival primarily related to underlying diagnosis. Long‐term survival remains higher on HPN than with intestinal transplantation. The role of intestinal lengthening procedures is yet to be validated in adults.ConclusionsHome parenteral nutrition delivered by skilled nutrition teams has low incidences of catheter‐related complications. Most deaths relate to the underlying disease. Therapies such as teduglutide and small bowel transplantation appear promising, but home parenteral nutrition appears likely to remain the bedrock of management in the near term.
Milk production, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in lactating cows fed total mixed ration silages containing steam‐flaked brown rice as substitute for steam‐flaked corn, and wet food by‐products
Authors: Miyaji Makoto , Matsuyama Hiroki , Hosoda Kenji , Nonaka Kazuhisa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of substituting brown rice grain for corn grain in total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing food by‐products on the milk production, whole‐tract nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in dairy cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments: a diet containing 30.9% steam‐flaked corn (corn TMR) or 30.9% steam‐flaked brown rice (rice TMR) with wet soybean curd residue and wet soy sauce cake. Dietary treatment did not affect the dry matter intake, milk yield and compositions in dairy cows. The dry matter and starch digestibility were higher, and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR. The urinary nitrogen (N) excretion as a proportion of the N intake was lower for rice TMR than for corn TMR with no dietary effect on N secretion in milk and fecal N excretion. These results indicated that the replacement of corn with brown rice in TMR silage relatively reduced urinary N loss without adverse effects on feed intake and milk production, when food by‐products such as soybean curd residue were included in the TMR silage as dietary crude protein sources.
The effects of feeding a low level of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to yearling Holstein steers
Authors: Nade Toshihiro , Uchida Kyouhei , Omori Kouhei , Kimura Nobuhiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe examined the effects of feeding a low percentage of distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) to yearling Holstein beef steers during the late stage of the fattening period on growth performance and carcass quality. Fifteen animals were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) feed plus a DDGS supplement equal to 10% of the total feed weight for 3 months (DDGS group). The other 15 animals were fed TMR with no DDGS (Control group). The vitamin E (VE) levels in the blood from the DDGS group showed a tendency to be higher in the DDGS group (P = 0.056). Blood urea nitrogen levels in the DDGS group were also higher (P < 0.05). The Beef Color Standard (BCS) number for the DDGS group was also higher than that for the Control group (P < 0.05). Forty‐eight hours after cutting, the yellowness (b*) value for Longissimus muscle in the DDGS group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the redness (a*) value in the DDGS group tended to be higher than that in the Control group (P = 0.05). The study results show a potential for adding value to yearling beef by improving the ability to maintain meat color with an increase in VE content.
The impact of non‐aggressive behaviour early in aggressive interactions: Sex differences in direct and indirect aggression in response to provocation
Authors: Lawrence Claire , Hutchinson Laura 
Published: January 2013

Using an adapted form of the Taylor competitive reaction time task (TCRT: Taylor, 1967), we examined the effect of initially non‐aggressive behaviour during aggressive encounters. Specifically, if a person is initially non‐aggressive, but becomes more aggressive later, does an opponent respond more or less aggressively in response? Participants (N = 148) played a competitive reaction time task against a bogus partner, who was either initially non‐aggressive, or initially moderately aggressive, and then delivered increasingly loud noise blasts to participants on trials when the participant lost. Both direct (noise blasts delivered to the partner) and indirect aggression (damage to partner's reputation) were assessed. The impact of whether or not participants expected to meet the partner on direct and indirect aggression was also examined. All participants reduced their direct aggression towards an initially non‐aggressive partner and a partner they expected to meet. However, for females, the switch from initial non‐aggression to later aggression generated a negative evaluation of the partner, exhibited by indirect but not direct aggression.
Endosomal recruitment of the WASH complex: Active sequences and mutations impairing interaction with the retromer
Authors: Helfer Emmanuèle , Harbour Michael E. , Henriot Véronique , Lakisic Goran , Sousa‐Blin Carla , Volceanov Larisa , Seaman Matthew N.J. , Gautreau Alexis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground informationThe Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein and scar homolog (WASH) complex is the major Arp2/3 activator at the surface of endosomes. The branched actin network, that the WASH complex induces, contributes to cargo sorting and scission of transport intermediates destined for most endosomal routes. A major challenge is to understand how the WASH molecular machine is recruited to the surface of endosomes. The retromer endosomal machinery has been proposed by us and others to play a role in this process.ResultsIn this work, we used an unbiased approach to identify the endosomal receptor of the WASH complex. We have delineated a short fragment of the FAM21 subunit that is able to displace the endogenous WASH complex from endosomes. Using a proteomic approach, we have identified the retromer cargo selective complex (CSC) as a partner of the active FAM21 sequence displacing the endogenous WASH complex. A point mutation in FAM21 that abolishes CSC interaction also impairs WASH complex displacement activity. The CSC is composed of three subunits, VPS35, VPS29 and VPS26. FAM21 directly binds the VPS35 subunit of the retromer CSC. Additionally, we show that a point mutant of VPS35 that blocks binding to VPS29 also prevents association with FAM21 and the WASH complex revealing a novel role for the VPS35–VPS29 interaction in regulating retromer association with the WASH complex.ConclusionsThis novel approach of endogenous WASH displacement confirms previous suggestions that the retromer is the receptor of the WASH complex at the surface of endosomes and identify key residues that mediate this interaction. The interaction between these two endosomal machineries, the WASH complex and the retromer, is likely to play a critical role in forming platforms at the surface of endosomes for efficient sorting of cargoes.
Upregulation of transgelin is an independent factor predictive of poor prognosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhang Ruifeng , Zhang Lianfeng , Sun Yuling , Yao Weiyan , Zhao Ahong , Li Jiansheng , Yuan Yaozong 
Published: January 2013

Transgelin is a known actin‐binding protein, which plays a role in regulating the functions of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts. Recent evidence indicates that transgelin is involved in diverse human cancers, yet its role in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. We therefore evaluated the expression characteristics and function of transgelin in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of benign (n = 30 patients) and malignant (n = 114 patients) pancreatic ductal cells showed significantly higher transgelin staining in malignant cells. Lymph node metastasis (P = 0.026) and diabetes (P = 0.041) were shown to significantly correlate with transgelin protein expression. Patients with high transgelin expression showed a shorter 5‐year overall survival and a lower tumor‐specific survival than those with low transgelin expression. Multivariate analysis revealed that transgelin was an independent factor affecting pancreatic tumor‐specific survival (P = 0.025).In vitro,RNAinterference‐mediated transgelin knockdown resulted in inhibition of pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Depletion of transgelin expression could suppress pancreatic tumorigenicity and tumor growthin vivo, and produce enhanced cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells bothin vitroandin vivo. Our results indicate that transgelin plays a promoting role in tumor progression, and appears to be a novel prognostic marker for advanced pancreatic cancer.
4‐Aminoquinoline‐Triazine‐Based Hybrids with Improved In Vitro Antimalarial Activity Against CQ‐Sensitive and CQ‐Resistant Strains of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Manohar Sunny , Khan Shabana I. , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: January 2013

A systematic chemical modification in the triazine moiety covalently attached via suitable linkers to 4‐amino‐7‐chloroquinolines yielded a series of new 7‐chloro‐4‐aminoquinoline‐triazine hybrids exhibiting high in vitro activity against W2 (chloroquine‐resistant) and D6 (chloroquine‐sensitive) strains of Plasmodium falciparum without any toxicity against mammalian cell lines (Vero, LLC‐PK11, HepG2). Many of the compounds (6, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 27, 29 and 33) showed excellent potency against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains. In particular, compounds 6, 8, 14, 16 and 29 were found to be significantly more active than chloroquine against the chloroquine‐resistant strains (W2 clone) of P. falciparum.
The Biological Residue of Childhood Poverty
Authors: Miller Gregory E. , Chen Edith 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChildren raised in poverty are prone to physical health problems late in life. To understand these findings and address the scientific challenge they represent, we must formulate integrative conceptual frameworks at the crossroads of behavioral and biomedical science, with a strong developmental emphasis. In this article, we outline such a framework and discuss research bearing on its validity. We address how childhood poverty gets under the skin, at the level of tissues and organs, in a manner that affects later disease risks. We also tackle questions about resilience; even with lengthy exposure to childhood poverty, why does only a subset of people acquire diseases? Why are some individuals protected whereas others remain vulnerable? Maternal nurturance might be a source of resilience, buffering children from the long‐term health consequences of poverty. We conclude with research priorities.