bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An XA21-Associated Kinase (OsSERK2) regulates immunity mediated by the XA21 and XA3 immune receptors
Authors: Chen Xuewei , Zuo Shimin , Schwessinger Benjamin , Chern Mawsheng , Canlas Patrick E. , Ruan Deling , Zhou Xiaogang , Wang Jing , Daudi Arsalan , Petzold Christopher J. , Heazlewood Joshua L. , Ronald Pamela C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe rice XA21 immune receptor kinase and the structurally related XA3 receptor, confer immunity toXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo), the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight. Here we report the isolation of OsSERK2 (rice somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 2) and demonstrate that OsSERK2 positively regulates immunity mediated by XA21 and XA3 as well as the rice immune receptor FLS2 (OsFLS2). Rice plants silenced forOsSerk2display altered morphology and reduced sensitivity to the hormone brassinolide. OsSERK2 interacts with the intracellular domains of each immune receptor in the yeast-two-hybrid system in a kinase activity dependent manner. OsSERK2 undergoes bidirectional trans-phosphorylation with XA21in vitroand forms a constitutive complex with XA21in vivo. These results demonstrate an essential role for OsSERK2 in the function of three rice immune receptors and suggest that direct interaction with the rice immune receptors is critical for their function. Taken together, our findings suggest that the mechanism of OsSERK2-meditated regulation of rice XA21, XA3 and FLS2 differs from that of AtSERK3/BAK1-mediated regulation of Arabidopsis FLS2 and EFR.
Clinical and regulatory implications of active run‐in phases in long‐term studies for bipolar disorder
Authors: Cipriani A. , Barbui C. , Rendell J. , Geddes J. R. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveThe integration of new treatments into the market and routine clinical practice should be dependent on robustness of evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We assessed study designs of long‐term studies for bipolar disorder of all second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the completeness of evidence submitted to the regulatory agency.MethodSystematic review of double‐blind RCTs comparing SGAs with placebo or active drugs in adults. FDA website and electronic databases were searched until July 2013.ResultsSix placebo‐controlled trials comparing aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine and ziprasidone were found in the FDA website. Electronic searches found four additional RCTs about aripiprazole, olanzapine or quetiapine. All RCTs (either submitted to FDA or not) selected patients who responded to acute treatment to increase the treatment effect observed in the long‐term phase (enrichment design). By contrast, in the prescribing information sheets for all SGAs, the reported indication was ‘maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder’.ConclusionExtrapolation of results from enrichment studies to the more general population of patients should be carried out cautiously because average treatment benefits are likely to be less in unselected patients. Clear guidance for regulatory submission of RCTs is needed.
Secrets of platelet exocytosis – what do we really know about platelet secretion mechanisms?
Authors: Golebiewska Ewelina M. , Poole Alastair W. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryUpon activation by extracellular matrix components or soluble agonists, platelets release in excess of 300 active molecules from intracellular granules. Those factors can both activate further platelets and mediate a range of responses in other cells. The complex microenvironment of a growing thrombus, as well as platelets' roles in both physiological and pathological processes, require platelet secretion to be highly spatially and temporally regulated to ensure appropriate responses to a range of stimuli. However, how this regulation is achieved remains incompletely understood. In this review we outline the importance of regulated secretion in thrombosis as well as in ‘novel’ scenarios beyond haemostasis and give a detailed summary of what is known about the molecular mechanisms of platelet exocytosis. We also discuss a number of theories of how different cargoes could be released in a tightly orchestrated manner, allowing complex interactions between platelets and their environment.
Macrophage inhibitory factor 1 acts as a potential biomarker in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and is a target for antibody‐based therapy
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Bing , Jiang Xing‐Ran , Yu Xi‐Ying , Wang Lin , He Shun , Feng Fei‐Yue , Guo Li‐Ping , Jiang Wei , Lu Shih‐Hsin 
Published: November 2013

Macrophage inhibitory factor 1 (MIC1) is frequently altered in various cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of MIC1 for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Serum MIC1 of 286 ESCC and 250 healthy subjects was detected, the diagnostic performance was assessed and compared with SCC, CEA, CA199 and CA724, and the value as a prognostic indicator was also evaluated. The expression of MIC1 in ESCC cell lines, tissues were detected, and the inhibition of MIC1 antibody on ESCC was carried out in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the serum MIC1 of ESCC was significantly higher than normal groups (P < 0.001), and was positively associated with tumor invasion (P = 0.030) as well as lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007). The sensitivity of MIC1 was significantly better than SCC, CEA, CA199 and CA724, especially for stage I ESCC. Patients with higher serum MIC1 also had a poorer prognosis in relapse‐free (P = 0.050) and tumor‐specific survival (P = 0.005). In vitro studies showed that the expression of MIC1 was upregulated in 37.5% (3/8) ESCC cell lines and 45% (18/40) tissues, and the transcription of MIC1 in tumor tissues was significantly higher than paired adjacent normal tissues (P = 0.001). The antibody of MIC1 inhibited the tumor growth (P < 0.001), and showing preference for tumor tissues in xenograft model. The decreased formation of neovascularization lumen may be involved in the mechanism. We conclude that MIC1 plays an important role in the progression of ESCC and can serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC.
Image Space Rendering of Point Clouds Using the HPR Operator
Authors: Machado e Silva R. , Esperança C. , Marroquim R. , Oliveira A. A. F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe hidden point removal (HPR) operator introduced by Katz et al. [KTB07] provides an elegant solution for the problem of estimating the visibility of points in point samplings of surfaces. Since the method requires computing the three‐dimensional convex hull of a set with the same cardinality as the original cloud, the method has been largely viewed as impractical for real‐time rendering of medium to large clouds. In this paper we examine how the HPR operator can be used more efficiently by combining several image space techniques, including an approximate convex hull algorithm, cloud sampling, and GPU programming. Experiments show that this combination permits faster renderings without overly compromising the accuracy.
Modelling of Non‐Periodic Aggregates Having a Pile Structure
Authors: Sakurai K. , Miyata K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure for modelling aggregates such as piles that consist of arbitrary components. The method generates an aggregate of components that need to be accumulated, and an aggregate shape represents the surface of the target aggregate. The number of components and their positions and orientations are controlled by five parameters. The components, the aggregate shape and the parameters are the inputs for the method which involves placement and refinement steps. In the placement step, the orientation and initial position of a component are determined by a non‐periodic placement such that each component overlaps its neighbours. In the refinement step, to construct a pile structure, the position of each component is adjusted by reducing the overlap.
On Perception of Semi‐Transparent Streamlines for Three‐Dimensional Flow Visualization
Authors: Mishchenko O. , Crawfis R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne of the standard techniques to visualize three‐dimensional flow is to use geometry primitives. This solution, when opaque primitives are used, results in high levels of occlusion, especially with dense streamline seeding. Using semi‐transparent geometry primitives can alleviate the problem of occlusion. However, with semi‐transparency some parts of the data set become too vague and blurry, while others are still heavily occluded. We conducted a user study that provided us with results on perceptual limits of using semi‐transparent geometry primitives for flow visualization. Texture models for semi‐transparent streamlines were introduced. Test subjects were shown multiple overlaying layers of streamlines and recorded how many different flow directions they were able to perceive. The user study allowed us to identify a set of top scoring textures. We discuss the results of the user study, provide guidelines on using semi‐transparency for three‐dimensional flow visualization and show how varying textures for different streamlines can further enhance the perception of dense streamlines. We also discuss the strategies for dealing with very high levels of occlusion. The strategies are per‐pixel filtering of flow directions, when only some of the streamlines are rendered at a particular pixel, and opacity normalization, a way of altering the opacity of overlapping streamlines with the same direction. We illustrate our results with a variety of visualizations.
Occupational airborne contact dermatitis from benzodiazepines and other drugs
Authors: Swinnen Inge , Ghys Katrien , Kerre Stefan , Constandt Lieve , Goossens An 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundHealthcare workers (or relatives) crushing drug tablets for patients with difficulties in swallowing are at risk of developing sensitization via airborne exposure. Tetrazepam, in particular, is increasingly being described as an important occupational allergen in this regard, although other drugs are also involved.ObjectivesTo identify the allergenic culprits in 4 patients, namely 2 nurses, 1 pharmacy assistant, and 1 spouse, who all regularly crushed tablets of systemic drugs and presented with severe airborne dermatitis.MethodsThe patients were patch tested with all of the drugs that they handled, as well as with potential cross‐sensitizing molecules.ResultsAll 4 patients reacted to tetrazepam and other benzodiazepines, some of which they had not previously come into contact with, which favours cross‐reactivity rather than concomitant sensitization. These patients also had positive reactions to several other non‐structurally related drugs for which, in some cases, there was no history of exposure.ConclusionsSubjects having to crush drugs, in either an occupational or a non‐occupational context, and who present with dermatitis suspected of being airborne‐induced, should be patch tested with all contacted medicaments, as well as with possible cross‐reacting molecules. Prevention by the use of crushing devices and protective measures (gloves and masks) when medications are handled should be advised.
Synthesis of methine dyes derived from indol‐2‐ones and their dyeability on polyester fibres
Authors: Qi Zhen , Ailin Yuan , Chunling Zheng , Shuyuan Bai , Haibo Wang 
Published: November 2013

Three series of methine dyes were synthesised by the condensation of indol‐2‐ones with aryl acroleins. The structures of these dyes were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra of the dyes were examined in different solvents. The maximum absorption wavelength ranged from 386 to 495 nm. The dyes were applied to polyester fibres, and the colour gamut and dyeing properties were investigated. Results showed that the dye uptake (percentage exhaustion) was 86.9–92.0%, with the hue changing from yellow to red. The rubbing fastness, wash fastness, and sublimation fastness were between 4 and 5.
The correlation between the interference colour and growth procedure of anodic titanium dioxide nanotube arrays
Authors: Moon Jongyun , Kemell Marianna , Park Byungki , Suominen Arho , Mäkilä Ermei , Punkkinen Risto , Hedman Hannu‐Pekka , Kim Hong , Lassila Lippo V , Tuominen Aulis 
Published: November 2013

Titanium dioxide nanotube arrays were anodised from titanium foils in an aqueous electrolyte solution of hydrofluoric acid. The formed oxide showed visually different colours owing to light interference in the titanium dioxide layer. The behaviour of interference colour in anodic titanium dioxide film was investigated by varying anodisation parameters such as the applied voltage and the anodisation time. The morphologies and the crystalline phases of anodised samples were studied on a field emission scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffractometer. The correlation between the interference colour and growth procedure of anodic titanium dioxide nanotube arrays was studied. The anodic films prepared under different conditions consisted of a compact oxide film with a nanoporous/tubular structure upon/beneath it. The crystalline phase of the anodic oxide layer was amorphous. The optical properties of the oxide film were investigated on a spectrophotometer. Optical interference could be detected in compact oxide layers when the thickness of the titanium dioxide was as small as 70 nm. In general, the interferences of the nanoporous/tubular structures were lower than those for compact structures. The empirical colour properties were estimated by the L*a*b* system. The relationships between the interference colour of anodic titanium dioxide film and its thickness and morphology are discussed.
Eradication of cats (Felis catus) from subantarctic Macquarie Island
Authors: Robinson Susan A. , Copson Geoffrey R. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe feral Cat (Felis catus) population on Macquarie Island was targeted for eradication between 1996 and 2002, with 761 cats captured during this period. After 22 years of cat control from 1974 integrated with control programmes for other pests, effort intensified for 2 years before a dedicated eradication programme began in 1998. The primary knock‐down for the eradication used cage trapping and shooting, with most surviving cats captured with leg‐hold traps. A total of 6298 field days and 216 574 trap nights were recorded in this operation. Factors contributing to the success of the programme included extensive planning, increased staff numbers at critical times, better access to remote areas of the island, introduction of leg‐hold traps, sufficient operational funding and good collaboration between government agencies operating on the island. The programme would have benefited from earlier deployment of detector dogs and better posteradication monitoring of a broader range of native species impacted by cats. The successful eradication of cats from Macquarie Island, being the second largest achieved to date, provides valuable experience for cat eradication attempts on other large remote islands. This programme relied on ground‐based techniques with minimal use of poisons and provides possible options for sites where broad‐scale poisoning, or where aerial distribution of poisons, cannot be used.
Understanding fisheries credit systems: potentials and pitfalls of managing catch efficiency
Authors: Van Riel Maria C , Bush Simon R , van Zwieten Paul A M , Mol Arthur P J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFollowing implementation in a range of other resource sectors, a number of credit‐like systems have been proposed for fisheries. But confusion exists over what constitutes these nascent ‘fisheries credit’ systems and how they operate. Based on a review of credit systems in other sectors, this study fills this gap by defining how credit systems function and what credits add to prevailing fisheries management. In doing so, we distinguish ‘mitigation’ and ‘behavioural’ fishery credits. Mitigation credits require resource users to compensate for unsustainable catches of target species, by‐catch species or damaging practices on the marine environment by investing in conservation in a biologically equivalent habitat or resource. Behavioural credit systems incentivize fishers to gradually change their fishing behaviour to more sustainable fishing methods by rewarding them with, for instance, extra fishing effort to compensate for less efficient but more sustainable fishing methods. The choice of credit system largely depends on the characteristics of specific fisheries and the management goals agreed upon by managers, scientists and the fishing industry. The study concludes that fisheries credit systems are different but complimentary to other forms of management by focusing on ‘catchability’ or gear efficiency in addition to effort or catch quota, affecting overall economic efficiency by setting specific goals as to how fish are caught. Credit systems therefore incentivize specific management interventions that can directly improve stock sustainability, conserve habitat and endangered species, or decrease by‐catch.
The reprogramming factor nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2 cannot replace octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 function in the self‐renewal of embryonic stem cells
Authors: Choi Kyeng‐Won , Oh Hye‐rim , Lee Jaeyoung , Lim Bobae , Han Yong‐Mahn , Oh Junseo , Kim Jungho 
Published: November 2013

Although octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct‐4) is one of the most intensively studied factors in mammalian development, no cellular genes capable of replacing Oct‐4 function in embryonic stem (ES) cells have been found. Recent data show that nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2 (Nr5a2) is able to replace Oct‐4 function in the reprogramming process; however, it is unclear whether Nr5a2 can replace Oct‐4 function in ES cells. In this study, the ability of Nr5a2 to maintain self‐renewal and pluripotency in ES cells was investigated. Nr5a2 localized to the nucleus in ES cells, similarly to Oct‐4. However, expression of Nr5a2 failed to rescue the stem cell phenotype or to maintain the self‐renewal ability of ES cells. Furthermore, as compared with Oct‐4‐expressing ES cells, Nr5a2‐expressing ES cells showed a reduced number of cells in S‐phase, did not expand normally, and did not remain in an undifferentiated state. Ectopic expression of Nr5a2 in ES cells was not able to activate transcription of ES cell‐specific genes, and gene expression profiling demonstrated differences between Nr5a2‐expressing and Oct‐4‐expressing ES cells. In addition, Nr5a2‐expressing ES cells were not able to form teratomas in nude mice. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the gene regulation properties of Nr5a2 and Oct‐4 and their abilities to confer self‐renewal and pluripotency of ES cells differ. The present study provides strong evidence that Nr5a2 cannot replace Oct‐4 function in ES cells.
Peculiar monomeric interferon gammas, IFNγrel 1 and IFNγrel 2, in ginbuna crucian carp
Authors: Shibasaki Yasuhiro , Yabu Takeshi , Araki Kyosuke , Mano Nobuhiro , Shiba Hajime , Moritomo Tadaaki , Nakanishi Teruyuki 
Published: November 2013

The existence of fish‐specific isoforms of interferon (IFN)γ, known as IFNγ‐related (IFNγrel), has been reported in several fish species. However, comparisons with deduced amino acid sequences of known IFNγrels among several fish species have indicated significant differences at the C‐terminus basic amino acid continuous sequences, which indicate the existence of multiple IFNγrel isoforms. Two distinct cDNAs, encoding two IFNγrels, ifngrel 1 and ifngrel 2, were cloned from ginbuna crucian carp (Carassius auratus langsdorfii). Recombinant IFNγrel 1 and IFNγrel 2 have shown high antiviral activities against the lethal crucian carp hematopoietic necrosis virus. Both ligands exhibit biological activity as monomers despite the fact that the functional conformation of IFNγ is a homodimer. Both interferons have a high degree of sequence similarity, but differ in the C‐terminus region. In this region, IFNγrel 1 contains a functional nuclear localization sequence which induces the translocation of green fluorescent protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. IFNγrel 2 lacks this sequence. These results indicate that IFNγrel 1 and IFNγrel 2 are functional antiviral cytokines. These structurally related ligands play distinct antiviral roles through different intracellular translocation mechanisms. Thus, IFNγrels form a novel, distinct subtype included in type II IFNs. The cyprinid fish IFNγ subtype currently consists of four members, including two IFNγ isoforms and two distinct additional IFNγrel isoforms specific to the fish.
Changes of physicochemical and sensory characteristics of packed ripe table olives from Spanish cultivars during shelf‐life
Authors: García‐García Pedro , Sánchez‐Gómez Antonio Higinio , Garrido‐Fernández Antonio 
Published: November 2013

SummaryChanges in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of commercial plain (whole) and pitted ripe olives of the Gordal, Manzanilla, Hojiblanca and Cacereña cultivars were studied during a three‐year period in conditions that mimicking the storage of such products in real life. No spoilage was developed during this period. Throughout the shelf‐life, the pH of the cover brines had a marked valley decrease at the beginning of storage followed by a progressive further decline, the surface colour (measured instrumentally) and firmness of the olives followed a first‐order kinetic decay, mitigated according to the iron and calcium contents. Also, a slight browning of the cover brines at the beginning of the storage was observed. No significant changes in most of the sensory characteristics were observed by the panel test during shelf‐life except for a limited change in olive surface colour. At the end of the shelf‐life, most of the samples were classified as ‘extra’ category according to the IOC sensory evaluation method and only plain Gordal presentation was classified as ‘first, choice or select’.
The rice OsV4 encoding a novel pentatricopeptide repeat protein is required for chloroplast development during the early leaf stage under cold stress
Authors: Gong Xiaodi , Su Qianqian , Lin Dongzhi , Jiang Quan , Xu Jianlong , Zhang Jianhui , Teng Sheng , Dong Yanjun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, characterized by tandem arrays of a 35 amino acid motif, have been suggested to play central and broad roles in modulating the expression of organelle genes in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms of most rice PPR genes remains unclear. In this paper, we isolated and characterized a temperature‐conditional virescent mutant, OsV4, in rice (Oryza sativa cultivar Jiahua1 (WT, japonica rice variety)). The mutant displays albino phenotype and abnormal chloroplasts at the three leaf stage, which gradually turns green after the four leaf stage at a low temperature (20 °C). But the mutant always develops green leaves and well‐developed chloroplasts at a high temperature (32 °C). Genetic and molecular analyses uncovered that OsV4 encodes a novel chloroplast‐targeted PPR protein including four PPR motifs. Further investigations show that the mutant phenotype is associated with changes in chlorophyll content and chloroplast development. The OsV4 transcripts only accumulate to high levels in young leaves, indicating that its expression is tissue‐specific. In addition, transcript levels of some ribosomal components and plastid‐encoded polymerase‐dependent genes are dramatically reduced in the albino mutants grown at 20 °C. These findings suggest that OsV4 plays an important role during early chloroplast development under cold stress in rice.