bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Driven Atom‐Thin Materials for Fragrance Sensing
Authors: Liu Juanjuan , Sun Ruijia , Bao Xuan , Yang Jiefu , Chen Yanling , Tang Bijun , Liu Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFragrance plays a crucial role in the daily lives. Its importance spans various sectors, from therapeutic purposes to personal care, making the understanding and accurate identification of fragrances essential. To fully harness the potential of fragrances, efficient and precise fragrance sensing and identification are necessary. However, current fragrance sensors face several limitations, particularly in detecting and differentiating complex scent profiles with high accuracy. To address these challenges, the use of atom‐thin materials in fragrance sensors has emerged as a groundbreaking approach. These atom‐thin sensors, characterized by their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, offer significant improvements over traditional sensing technology. Moreover, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) into fragrance sensing has opened new opportunities in the field. ML algorithms applied to fragrance sensing facilitate advancements in four key domains: accurate fragrance identification, precise discrimination between different fragrances, improved detection thresholds for subtle scents, and prediction of fragrance properties. This comprehensive review delves into the synergistic use of atom‐thin materials and ML in fragrance sensing, providing an in‐depth analysis of how these technologies are revolutionizing the field, offering insights into their current applications and future potential in enhancing the understanding and utilization of fragrances.
Adsorbed Carbon Monoxide‐Enabled Self‐Terminated Au‐Grafting on Pt6 Nanoclusters for Enhanced Methanol Electrooxidation
Authors: Mymoona Paloli , Shibu Edakkattuparambil Sidharth , Jeyabharathi Chinnaiah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe study presents the first example of an adsorbed carbon monoxide (CO) enabled self‐terminated Au‐grafting on triphenylphosphine (PPh3) stabilized Pt6 nanoclusters (NCs) (Pt6 (PPh3)4Cl5 NCs or Pt6 NCs). Adsorbed PPh3 ligands weaken the Pt‐CO bond enabling the self‐terminated Au‐grafting on Pt6 NCs. The Au‐grafted Pt6 NCs exhibit enhanced methanol electrooxidation (MOR) in acidic solutions. The surface is composed of a PtAu ensemble exhibiting enhanced MOR and CO tolerance due to the synergistic interaction of Pt with Au and PPh3. The hydrogen underpotential deposition (H‐UPD) signal from a CO‐covered surface reveals the existence of free‐Pt sites on the PtAu ensemble causing higher MOR reactivity. The Au and PPh3 ensure electrocatalytic activity of the NCs, depriving of them at anodic potentials results in “a death‐valley” trend.
Micropattern Fabricated by Acropetal Migration Controlled through Sequential Photo and Thermal Polymerization
Authors: Gao Xiaxin , Li Jin , Yuan Wenqiang , Yan Shuzhen , Ma Xiaodong , Li Tiantian , Jiang Xuesong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBottom‐up patterning technology plays a significant role in both nature and synthetic materials, owing to its inherent advantages such as ease of implementation, spontaneity, and noncontact attributes, etc. However, constrained by the uncontrollability of molecular movement, energy interaction, and stress, obtained micropatterns tend to exhibit an inevitable arched outline, resulting in the limitation of applicability. Herein, inspired by auxin's action mode in apical dominance, a versatile strategy is proposed for fabricating precision self‐organizing micropatterns with impressive height based on polymerization‐induced acropetal migration. The copolymer containing fluorocarbon chains (low surface energy) and tertiary amine (coinitiator) is designed to self‐assemble on the surface of the photo‐curing system. The selective exposure under a photomask establishes a photocuring boundary and the radicals would be generated on the surface, which is pivotal in generating a vertical concentration difference of monomer. Subsequent heating treatment activates the material continuously transfers from the unexposed area to the exposed area and is accompanied by the obviously vertical upward mass transfer, resulting in the manufacture of a rectilinear profile micropattern. This strategy significantly broadens the applicability of self‐organizing patterns, offering the potential to mitigate the complexity and time‐consuming limitations associated with top‐down methods.
Ultrafast 2D Nanosheet Assembly via Spontaneous Spreading Phenomenon
Authors: Shi Yue , Li Hong , Tsunematsu Hirofumi , Ozeki Harumi , Kano Kimiko , Yamamoto Eisuke , Kobayashi Makoto , Abe Hiroya , Chen Chun‐Wei , Osada Minoru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn 2D materials, a key engineering challenge is the mass production of large‐area thin films without sacrificing their uniform 2D nature and unique properties. Here, it is demonstrated that a simple fluid phenomenon of water/alcohol solvents can become a sophisticated tool for self‐assembly and designing organized structures of 2D nanosheets on a water surface. In situ, surface characterizations show that water/alcohol droplets of 2D nanosheets with cationic surfactants exhibit spontaneous spreading of large uniform monolayers within 10 s. Facile transfer of the monolayers onto solid or flexible substrates results in high‐quality mono‐ and multilayer films with high coverages (>95%) and homogeneous electronic/optical properties. This spontaneous spreading is quite general and can be applied to various 2D nanosheets, including metal oxides, graphene oxide, h‐BN, MoS2, and transition metal carbides, enabling on‐demand smart manufacture of large‐size (>4 inchϕ) 2D nanofilms and free‐standing membranes.
Phylogenetic patterns in fossil and living billfishes (Istiophoriformes, Istiophoridae): evidence from the Central Mediterranean
Authors: De Gracia Carlos , Villalobos‐Segura Eduardo , Ballen Gustavo A. , Carnevale Giorgio , Kriwet Jürgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudy of the relationships of fossil and living billfishes is crucial for understanding the ecological drivers that control their biodiversity through time and how distributional patterns of extant populations may be affected by current abiotic events. Here we describe six istiophorid species that lived sympatrically in the central Mediterranean Sea during the Late Miocene, based on fossil istiophorids from Italy. Of these, †Pizzikoskerma salentina, †Sicophasma macrocanalata, †Makaira adensa and †Makaira cyclovata are new, while †M. belgica and †M. cf. colonense were described previously. The taxon Istiophorus is reported here for the first time in the Tortonian based on an unidentified species. We reconstructed the evolutionary direction of morphological traits by including the earliest known billfish, †Hemmingwaya sarissa, in our phylogenetic analysis as outgroup. A bill with circular cross‐section, 12 caudal vertebrae, a slim body and elongated first dorsal fin are shown to be plesiomorphic traits, while 13 caudal vertebrae, fusiform body, a shorter and pointed first dorsal fin, lateral process and quadrangular spines on the vertebral centra are traits associated with larger body sizes. The Makaira species described here have trabecular bone in the premaxilla forming the rostrum, an unusual pattern interpreted as an adaptation to reduce weight while simultaneously increasing body size. The fossil billfish assemblage suggests sea‐surface temperatures between 23°C and 24°C, much warmer than the modern central portion of the Mediterranean. The exquisite preservation of one specimen shows a trophic interaction between marlins and barracudas, the first direct evidence of predator–prey relationships in fossil istiophorids.
Boosting Metamorphic Relation Prediction via Code Representation Learning: An Empirical Study
Authors: Zheng Xuedan , Jiang Mingyue , Quan Zhou Zhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMetamorphic testing (MT) is an effective testing technique having a broad range of applications. One key task for MT is the identification of metamorphic relations (MRs), which is a fundamental mechanism in MT and is critical to the automation of MT. Prior studies have proposed approaches for predicting MRs (PMR). One major idea behind these PMR approaches is to represent program source code information via manually designed code features and then to apply machine‐learning–based classifiers to automatically predict whether a specific MR can be applied on the target program. Nevertheless, the human‐involved procedure of selecting and extracting code features is costly, and it may not be easy to obtain sufficiently comprehensive features for representing source code. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we explore and evaluate the effectiveness of code representation learning techniques for PMR. By applying neural code representation models for automatically mapping program source code to code vectors, the PMR procedure can be boosted with learned code representations. We develop 32 PMR instances by, respectively, combining 8 code representation models with 4 typical classification models and conduct an extensive empirical study to investigate the effectiveness of code representation learning techniques in the context of MR prediction. Our findings reveal that code representation learning can positively contribute to the prediction of MRs and provide insights into the practical usage of code representation models in the context of MR prediction. Our findings could help researchers and practitioners to gain a deeper understanding of the strength of code representation learning for PMR and, hence, pave the way for future research in deriving or extracting MRs from program source code.
Antinociceptive and wound healing effects of a commercial formulation of lidocaine, bupivacaine, adrenaline and cetrimide applied topically to superficial skin wounds in horses
Authors: Pratt Shaun , Sole‐Guitart Albert , de Klerk Karla , Evans Elizabeth , Hume Jane , Palmieri Chiara , Rainger Joanne , Goodwin Wendy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundPost‐traumatic distal limb wounds cause discomfort and heal gradually by second intention. The topical application of Tri‐Solfen (lidocaine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, adrenaline acid tartrate and cetrimide [LBAC]) produces effective postsurgical cutaneous analgesia in lambs, calves and piglets; however, its effect on wounds in horses is unknown.MethodsThe antinociceptive effect, measured by mechanical threshold (MT), and the wound healing impacts of LBAC compared with saline were investigated on surgically created 20 × 20 mm distal limb wounds in 10 horses. Treatment was applied once daily for 7 days following wounding on day 0. Mechanical thresholds were measured after treatment on days 1, 2 and 3. Healing was observed for 25 days.ResultsThe topical application of LBAC immediately following wounding and its reapplication 24 hours later increased the average MT on the first post‐traumatic day by 3 Newtons. However, no antinociceptive benefit was observed on days 2 or 3. Treatment with LBAC did not adversely affect wound healing when compared with saline.LimitationsMethodological differences preclude absolute MT comparisons between studies. The experimental design did not include a model of contaminated or naturally occurring wounds.ConclusionLBAC may provide an early antinociceptive benefit when applied to uncontaminated surgically created wounds without compromising healing.
Clinical management and case review of a presumptive novel clinical presentation of protothecosis in donkeys causing ulcerated nodular lesions in the ear pinnae of 18 animals
Authors: Kay Gigi , Knottenbelt Derek , Millins Caroline , Tligui Noursaid , Azelhak Rabia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis is a retrospective case series that describes a novel syndrome seen in 18 donkeys in Morocco that presented to this author,'s clinic with ulcerated nodular lesions of the ear pinnae. In the majority of cases, the lesions are confined to the ears, they are always bilateral and can occasionally progress to other areas of the body. Macroscopically, the lesions in all 18 donkeys are very uniform in presentation, even if the size of the nodules varies. This case series reviews the presentation, investigation, treatment and outcome for 18 cases presented to these authors’ clinics from 2011 to 2021. Skin biopsies from a subset of eight cases showed similar changes in chronic pyogranulomatous, dermatitis with myriad intra‐ and extra‐histiocytic organisms, the morphology of which is most consistent with that of Prototheca spp. infection. This is a novel presentation that represents a significant welfare issue for donkeys, as well as having important economic consequences for owners in the developing world.
Mechanisms and regulation of spliceosome‐mediated pre‐mRNA splicing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Senn Katherine Anne , Hoskins Aaron A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPre‐mRNA splicing, the removal of introns and ligation of flanking exons, is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression. The spliceosome, a macromolecular complex made up of five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and dozens of proteins, assembles on introns via a complex pathway before catalyzing the two transesterification reactions necessary for splicing. All of these steps have the potential to be highly regulated to ensure correct mRNA isoform production for proper cellular function. While Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) has a limited set of intron‐containing genes, many of these genes are highly expressed, resulting in a large number of transcripts in a cell being spliced. As a result, splicing regulation is of critical importance for yeast. Just as in humans, yeast splicing can be influenced by protein components of the splicing machinery, structures and properties of the pre‐mRNA itself, or by the action of trans‐acting factors. It is likely that further analysis of the mechanisms and pathways of splicing regulation in yeast can reveal general principles applicable to other eukaryotes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
Synthesis and anti-leishmanial activities of uniflorol analogues
Authors: da Silva Cardoso Paula , Niero Luana Budny , Frizon Tiago Elias Allievi , DalBó Silvia , Le Lamer Anne Cécile , Gouault Nicolas , de Aguiar Amaral Patrícia , Barlow James W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChromanones are a subset of the benzopyran family, and display diverse biological activities, both as natural products and synthetic derivatives. Among these, we selected the natural product uniflorol, a 4-chromanone with an α,β-unsaturated ketone side chain, as a lead compound due to its reported anti-leishmanial properties. We designed and synthesised four series of novel compounds, varying the substitution patterns around the benzopyran core, and evaluated the compounds for anti-leishmanial activity against amastigotes of L. infantum. We prepared and characterised 24 novel compounds; upon screening, 12 compounds demonstrated activity values of <50 μM, with the most potent compound, 16d, having an IC50 of 7.29 μM. Activity was favoured in compounds bearing a phenylalkenyl motif, such as cinnamyl, styryl or a more lipophilic extension, and amide analogues retained activity. Uniflorol analogues display promise as novel architectures towards the development of potential anti-leishmanial agents.
Evaluation of microstructural changes in the brain in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients with advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques
Authors: Genç Barış , Aslan Kerim , Atay Memiş Hilmi , Akan Hüseyin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) is associated with iron accumulation in the body and an increased tendency for thrombosis. With the increased life expectancy in these patients, the detection of neurocognitive complications has gained importance. This study investigates the microstructural changes in TDT patients using advanced diffusion MRI techniques and their relationship with laboratory parameters.

Methods
The study included 14 TDT patients and 14 control subjects. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to examine differences in DTI parameters such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in thalassemia patients using multi-shell DWI images. The mean kurtosis (MK) difference was investigated using diffusion kurtosis imaging. Fiber density (FD), fiber cross-section (FC), and fiber density and cross-section (FDC) differences were examined using fixel-based analysis. In the patient group, correlative tractography was used to investigate the relationship between DTI parameters and platelet (PLT) and ferritin levels.

Results
Increase in RD and MD was observed, particularly in the white matter tracts of the corona radiata in patient group. Additionally, an increase in AD was detected in a limited area. Correlative tractography in thalasemia patients showed a positive correlation between increases in RD, MD, and AD with PLT and ferritin. Fixel-based analysis demonstrated a dispersed distribution in white matter fibers, with a more pronounced decrease in FD, FC, and FDC in the internal capsule.

Conclusion
There is widespread involvement in the white matter and fiber tracts in thalassemia patients, which is highly correlated with thrombotic parameters.
Prunus dulcis response to novel defense elicitor peptides and control of Xylella fastidiosa infections
Authors: Moll Luis , Giralt Núria , Planas Marta , Feliu Lidia , Montesinos Emilio , Bonaterra Anna , Badosa Esther 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Key message
New defense elicitor peptides have been identified which control Xylella fastidiosa infections in almond.

Abstract
Xylella fastidiosa is a plant pathogenic bacterium that has been introduced in the European Union (EU), threatening the agricultural economy of relevant Mediterranean crops such as almond (Prunus dulcis). Plant defense elicitor peptides would be promising to manage diseases such as almond leaf scorch, but their effect on the host has not been fully studied. In this work, the response of almond plants to the defense elicitor peptide flg22-NH2 was studied in depth using RNA-seq, confirming the activation of the salicylic acid and abscisic acid pathways. Marker genes related to the response triggered by flg22-NH2 were used to study the effect of the application strategy of the peptide on almond plants and to depict its time course. The application of flg22-NH2 by endotherapy triggered the highest number of upregulated genes, especially at 6 h after the treatment. A library of peptides that includes BP100-flg15, HpaG23, FV7, RIJK2, PIP-1, Pep13, BP16-Pep13, flg15-BP100 and BP16 triggered a stronger defense response in almond plants than flg22-NH2. The best candidate, FV7, when applied by endotherapy on almond plants inoculated with X. fastidiosa, significantly reduced levels of the pathogen and decreased disease symptoms. Therefore, these novel plant defense elicitors are suitable candidates to manage diseases caused by X. fastidiosa, in particular almond leaf scorch.
Synovial calprotectin in prosthetic joint infection. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature
Authors: Festa E. , Ascione T. , Di Gennaro D. , De Mauro D. , Mariconda M. , Balato G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Calprotectin is a protein endowed with antimicrobial properties, rendering it a distinctive marker for infection. Two methods are currently available for the assay of calprotectin: the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the lateral flow test (LFT). We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of synovial fluid calprotectin and to compare the accuracy of the laboratory-based test and the qualitative assessment for the diagnosis of hip and knee prosthetic infection.

Materials and methods
We searched (from inception to November 2023) MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane for studies on calprotectin in the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR), and diagnostic odds ratio were analyzed. The receiver-operating curve for each method was calculated.

Results
We included 14 articles in our meta-analysis, including 902 patients who underwent total hip and knee arthroplasties revision; 331 (37%) had a joint infection according to MSIS, MSIS-modified criteria, ICM 2018 and EBJIS 2021. Considering the false-positive result rate of 6% and false-negative result rate of 7%, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI 0.89–0.94) and 0.93 (0.91–0.95), respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.93 (95% CI 0.91–0.94). No statistical differences in terms of sensitivity and specificity were found between ELISA and LFT. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of the two calprotectin assessment methods were: LFT 0.90 (95% CI 0.869–0.935) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.894–0.941), respectively; ELISA 0.96 (95% CI 0.914–0.986) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.934–0.988), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio of the ELISA was superior to that of the LFT (906.6667, 95% CI 271.2686–3030.3712 versus 113.8886, 95% CI 70.4001-184.2414; p < 0.001). The AUC for ELISA and LFT was 0.968 (95% CI 0.944–0.984) and 0.915 (95% CI 0.895–0.933), respectively.

Conclusions
Detection of synovial calprotectin is an accurate test for diagnosis of hip and knee prosthetic infections. The diagnostic accuracy of the two calprotectin assessment methods is almost comparable. The LFT is a valid, rapid, and more available diagnostic tool, particularly to rule out PJI.
Fertility-sparing strategy in a rare case of highly malignant Dicer-1-associated sarcoma of the cervix
Authors: Altmann J. , Kubiak K. , Sehouli J. , Roser E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
We present the rare case of an 18-year-old patient with a Dicer-1 mutation-associated sarcoma of the cervix uteri.

Case
The patient presented with irregular vaginal bleeding in July 2022. The clinical examination showed an exophytic tumor of the cervix, uterus and ovaries were normal in sonogram. The tumor of the cervix was resected, followed by a diagnostic hysteroscopy and abrasion of the uterine cervix and cavity. Hysteroscopy showed normal findings of the cervix and uterus. After diagnosis of a highly malignant Dicer-1 mutation-associated sarcoma of the cervix, cryopreservation of oocytes was realized. Based on the principle of obtaining maximum oncological safety while preserving fertility in this 18-year-old patient, we recommended chemotherapy rather than radiation with its far severe implications on the patient´s reproductive organs. 4 cycles of chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin and ifosfamide were applied until December 2022. After re-staging in December 2022 via CT scan and MRI, the abdomen and pelvis as well as control hysteroscopy and abrasion were unremarkable. Until now, the patient is tumor free.

Discussion
Primary sarcomas of the cervix are very rare. Recent literature hints towards a distinct DICER-1 sarcoma entity characterized by specific mutational clusters. Limited follow-up data suggested that DICER1-mutant tumors might exhibit a less aggressive clinical course than DICER1-wild-type tumors.

Conclusion
Decision-making in case of rare histological entities with sparse recommendations in the literature poses a challenge to the treating physician. Treatment strategies should consider oncological safety as well as options of preserving fertility. Gonadotoxic potential of different strategies should be taken into consideration and discussed in detail with the affected patient.