bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of outcomes between minimally invasive oesophagectomy and open oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer
Authors: Xiong Wen‐Ling , Li Rui , Lei Hai‐Ke , Jiang Zheng‐Ying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundA systematic review with meta‐analysis was performed to compare perioperative outcomes between minimally invasive oesophagectomy (MIE) and open oesophagectomy (OE).MethodsPubMed and Cochrane databases were searched up to January 2015 using keywords: esophageal cancer, MIE, OE, hybrid MIE. Randomized controlled trials or prospective studies comparing the efficacy of OE with MIE or hybrid MIE in oesophageal cancer patients were included. Sensitivity analysis and quality assessment were performed.ResultsMIE required longer operation time (pooled standardized difference in means = 0.565; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.272, 0.858; P < 0.001) than OE, but resulted in less blood loss, shorter hospital stays, lower incidence of pneumonia and vocal cord palsy (P values ≤0.026). There was no difference between MIE and OE regarding lymph node yield (pooled standardized difference in means = 0.078; 95% CI = −0.111, 0.267; P = 0.419). Length of intensive care unit stay, in‐hospital mortality and 30‐day mortality were also similar (P values ≥0.419) in both groups.ConclusionsRegarding certain clinical outcomes, MIE may be more beneficial than OE.
Laparoscopic adjustable gastric band revisional surgery: a single surgeon series
Authors: Lewin Joel , Campbell Beth , Sanghvi Kaushal A. , Skinner Christine , Hopkins George 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a safe and proven surgical option for morbid obesity; however, the need for revisional surgery is being increasingly reported. This study reports outcomes and incidence for a large cohort of patients requiring revisional LAGB surgery for various indications.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data for 1524 primary LAGB placed between 2003 and 2013 by a single surgeon at a single institution was performed, analysing data for all patients in this cohort requiring revisional LAGB surgery.ResultsA total of 434 revisions were performed on 349 patients. A total of 278 patients had a single revision, with 71 patients having two or more revisions. Revisions amounting to 213 were band repositions, 68 were band removal only and 153 were band removal with conversion to another bariatric procedure, mostly Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (n = 143). A total of 47 (35.1%) ‘band‐to‐band’ revision patients were lost to follow‐up. Patients undergoing ‘band‐to‐band’ revision for a slipped band, patient intolerance and mechanical band failure had mean excess weight loss (EWL) at 4 years of 49.9% (n = 35), 38.6% (n = 10) and 67.4% (n = 6), respectively. Port or tubing revisions were not included. Mean follow‐up for ‘band‐to‐band’ revision patients was 33.4 months (standard deviation 26.4 months). 22.9% of patients required one or more band revision procedures by 2013, increased from 13% in 2008.ConclusionContinued EWL is achieved with repositioning or replacement of a LAGB. However, a significant and increasing rate of re‐operation over time exists.
Food Culture, Preferences and Ethics in Dysphagia Management
Authors: Kenny Belinda 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdults with dysphagia experience difficulties swallowing food and fluids with potentially harmful health and psychosocial consequences. Speech pathologists who manage patients with dysphagia are frequently required to address ethical issues when patients' food culture and/ or preferences are inconsistent with recommended diets. These issues incorporate complex links between food, identity and social participation.A composite case has been developed to reflect ethical issues identified by practising speech pathologists for the purposes of illustrating ethical concerns in dysphagia management. The case examines a speech pathologist's role in supporting patient autonomy when patients and carers express different goals and values. The case presents a 68‐year‐old man of Australian/Italian heritage with severe swallowing impairment and strong values attached to food preferences. The case is examined through application of the dysphagia algorithm, a tool for shared decision‐making when patients refuse dietary modifications. Case analysis revealed the benefits and challenges of shared decision‐making processes in dysphagia management. Four health professional skills and attributes were identified as synonymous with shared decision making: communication, imagination, courage and reflection.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a multinational, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Landfeldt Erik , Lindgren Peter , Bell Christopher F , Guglieri Michela , Straub Volker , Lochmüller Hanns , Bushby Katharine 
Published: October 2015

AimTo estimate health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD).MethodHRQOL was assessed using the Health Utilities Index Questionnaire (HUI) and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) neuromuscular module version 3.0 online. Results were stratified by disease stage (early/late ambulatory/non‐ambulatory) and caregivers’ perceptions of patients’ health and mental status.ResultsA total of 770 patient–caregiver pairs (173 German, 122 Italian, 191 UK, and 284 USA) participated. Most caregivers (>84%) perceived their patients as happy/somewhat happy and in excellent/very good/good health, irrespective of current ambulatory class. In contrast, mean patient utility (reflecting public preferences: 0, dead; 1, perfect health) deteriorated with disease course, from 0.75 in early ambulatory males to 0.15 in the most severely affected patients. Mean patient PedsQL scores (0–100, higher score indicating better HRQOL) decreased from 80 to 57 across ambulatory classes.InterpretationHRQOL in DMD, measured through public preferences, is substantially impaired in relation to the general population and significantly associated with disease progression. Still, most patients are perceived as happy and in good health by their caregivers, indicating that influential domains of HRQOL remain intact through the disease progression. Our findings emphasize the challenges in measuring HRQOL in a rare, progressive childhood condition such as DMD.
One‐hour plasma glucose as a predictor of the development of Type 2 diabetes in Japanese adults
Authors: Oka R. , Aizawa T. , Miyamoto S. , Yoneda T. , Yamagishi M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo test the hypothesis that 1‐h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test is a better predictor of the development of diabetes than 2‐h plasma glucose, independently of indices of insulin secretion or action in Japanese adults.MethodsA historical cohort study was conducted in 1445 Japanese workers who did not have diabetes. The association between 1‐h plasma glucose and the development of Type 2 diabetes was analysed.ResultsOverall, 95 of the study participants developed Type 2 diabetes during a mean follow‐up of 4.5 years. The area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve for 1‐h plasma glucose for future diabetes [0.88 (95% CI 0.84–0.91)] was greater than that for 2‐h plasma glucose [0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.84)], and for insulinogenic [0.73 (95% CI 0.68–0.78)] and disposition indices [0.79 (95% CI 0.74–0.84); P < 0.05]. Compared with the first quartile, the hazard ratio for future diabetes in the fourth quartile of 1‐h plasma glucose was 42.5 [95% CI 5.7–315.2 (P < 0.05)] and the hazard ratio in the fourth quartile of 2‐h plasma glucose was 4.4 [95% CI 1.8–10.8 (P < 0.05)], after adjustments for covariates including fasting plasma glucose. The significance of the elevated hazard ratio in the fourth quartile of 1‐h plasma glucose was maintained after adjustments for 2‐h plasma glucose, insulinogenic index or disposition index, whereas the elevation of the hazard ratio in the fourth quartile of 2‐h plasma glucose was diminished and was no longer significant after adjustments for 1‐h plasma glucose.ConclusionsOne‐hour plasma glucose had a greater association with the future development of Type 2 diabetes than did 2‐h plasma glucose, independently of oral glucose tolerance test‐derived indices of insulin action in a Japanese population.
Protecting against ischaemic stroke in rats by heat shock protein 20‐mediated exercise
Authors: Lin Chien‐Min , Chang Cheng‐Kuei , Chang Ching‐Ping , Hsu Yu‐Chih , Lin Mao‐Tsun , Lin Jia‐Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundExercise preconditioning (EP+) has been widely accepted as a being of safe and effective preventive measure for stroke. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether EP+ improves outcomes of ischaemic stroke by promoting neuronal and glial expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 20.Materials and methodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats (288 in number) were used to investigate the contribution of HSP20‐containing neurons and HSP20‐containing glial cells in the exercise‐mediated neuroprotection in the stroke condition using middle cerebral artery occlusion.ResultsExercise preconditioning, in addition to increasing the numbers of both the HSP20‐containg neurons (88 ± 8 vs. 43 ± 4; n = 8 each group; P < 0·05) and the HSP20‐containg astrocytes (102 ± 10 vs. 56 ± 5; n = 8; P < 0·05) significantly attenuated stroke‐induced brain infarct (140 ± 9 vs. 341 ± 20 mm3; n = 8 per group; P < 0·01), neuronal apoptosis (20 ± 5 vs. 87 ± 7; n = 8 per group; n = 8; P < 0·01), glial apoptosis (29 ± 5 vs. 101 ± 4; n = 8; P < 0·01), and neurological deficits (6·6 ± 0·3 vs. 11·7 ± 0·8; n = 8 per group; P < 0·01). Reducing the numbers of both HSP20‐containing neurons and HSP20‐contaiing glia by intracerebral injection of pSUPER small interfering RNAί expressing HSP20 significantly reversed the beneficial effects of EP+ in attenuating stroke‐induced cerebral infarct, neuronal and glial apoptosis, and neurological deficits.ConclusionsThe numbers of both the HSP20‐containing neurons and the HSP20‐containing glia inversely correlated with the outcomes of ischaemic stroke. In addition, preischaemic treadmill exercise improves outcomes of ischaemic stroke by increasing the numbers of both the HSP20‐containing neurons and the HSP20‐containing glia.
Diagnosis and management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in Australia: findings from the first 5 years of the Australian TTP/thrombotic microangiopathy registry
Authors: Blombery P. , Kivivali L. , Pepperell D. , McQuilten Z. , Engelbrecht S. , Polizzotto M. N. , Phillips L. E. , Wood E. , Cohney S. ,   on behalf of the TTP registry steering committee
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare, life‐threatening thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). In 2009, the Australian TTP/TMA registry was established to collect data on patients presenting with TTP/TMA throughout Australia.AimTo summarise information on the diagnosis and management of patients with TTP collected in the first 5 years (2009–2014) of the Australian TTP registry.MethodsRegistry data from June 2009 to October 2014 were reviewed.ResultsFifty‐seven patients were identified with TTP (defined as ADAMTS13 activity <10%), accounting for 72 clinical episodes. ADAMTS13 inhibitor testing was performed in nine out of 57 patients (16%), reflecting the limited availability of accredited testing facilities. Sixty‐seven out of 72 episodes were treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (PEx) using cryodepleted plasma (40% of episodes), fresh frozen plasma (36%) or a mixture (22%). Median exposure to plasma products was 55.9 L. PEx was commenced ≥2 days from stated diagnosis in 15% of episodes. Adverse reactions to PEx were common with documented allergic reactions (including life threatening) in 21% of episodes. Adjunctive immunosuppression was documented in 76% of episodes (corticosteroid 71% and rituximab 39%). Platelet transfusion was administered in 15% of episodes.ConclusionsData from the Australian TTP/TMA registry suggest a heterogenous approach to the diagnosis and management of TTP in Australia over the assessed period. These observations highlight areas for improvement and standardisation of practice, including comprehensive diagnostic testing, more immediate access to PEx and a more uniform approach to adjunctive immunosuppression and supportive care.
Melatonin inhibits apoptosis and improves the developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Ming , Hao Hai‐Sheng , Du Wei‐Hua , Zhao Shan‐Jiang , Wang Hao‐Yu , Wang Na , Wang Dong , Liu Yan , Qin Tong , Zhu Hua‐Bin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVitrification of oocytes has been shown to be closely associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptotic events. However, little information is available the effect of melatonin on the ROS levels and apoptotic events in vitrified oocytes. Therefore, we studied the effect of melatonin on ROS and apoptotic events in vitrified bovine oocytes by supplementing vitrification solution or in vitro maturation (IVM) and vitrification solution with 10−9 m melatonin. We analyzed the ROS, mitochondrial Ca2+ (mCa2+) and membrane potential (ΔΨm), externalization of phosphatidylserine (PS), caspase‐3 activation, DNA fragmentation, mRNA expression levels of Bax and Bcl2 l1, and developmental potential of vitrified bovine oocytes. Vitrified bovine oocytes exhibited increased levels of ROS, mCa2+, Bax mRNA, and caspase‐3 protein and higher rates of PS externalization and DNA fragmentation, and decreased ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level. However, melatonin supplementation in vitrification solution or IVM and vitrification solution significantly decreased the levels of ROS, mCa2+, Bax mRNA expression, and caspase‐3 protein, and PS externalization and DNA fragmentation rates, and increased the ΔΨm and Bcl2 l1 mRNA expression level in vitrified oocytes, resulting in an increased developmental ability of vitrified bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation. The developmental ability of vitrified oocytes with melatonin supplementation in IVM and vitrification solution was similar to that of fresh ones. This study showed that supplementing the IVM and vitrification medium or vitrification medium with 10−9 m melatonin significantly decreased the ROS level and inhibited apoptotic events of vitrified bovine oocytes, consequently increasing their developmental potential.
Drivers of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) daily activity: prey availability, human disturbance or habitat structure?
Authors: Díaz‐Ruiz F. , Caro J. , Delibes‐Mateos M. , Arroyo B. , Ferreras P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDaily activity patterns in mammals depend on food availability, reproductive stage, habitat selection, intraspecific interactions and predation risk, among other factors. Some mammals exhibit behavioral plasticity in activity patterns, which allows them to adapt to environmental changes. A good example of this can be found in the red fox Vulpes vulpes. This species is adapted to living in highly humanized environments, where it is often culled because it may affect human interests (e.g. through the consumption of game species or livestock). We assessed the potential main drivers of the daily activity patterns of the red fox in 12 Iberian Mediterranean areas through the use of camera traps. Among drivers, we considered main prey availability (European wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus), degree of human disturbance (e.g. distance to human settlements, and intensity of predator control) and habitat structure. Our results revealed a predominantly crepuscular and nocturnal activity of foxes with local variations. Although overall fox activity increased with rabbit availability, the temporal overlap with prey activity was on average low, because foxes increased activity when rabbits decreased theirs (twilight‐night). Red fox activity rhythms seemed to be determined by human presence where human disturbance is high. In addition, diurnal activity decreased in areas with higher levels of human disturbance (closer to human settlements and high predator control intensity) and increased in dense habitats. Our study shows that daily activity patterns of highly adaptable species are determined by several interacting drivers, resulting in complex behavioral patterns. This suggests that further ecological studies should consider different factors simultaneously for a better understanding of daily activity patterns of wildlife in different landscapes.
The Multivalent Adhesion Molecule SSO1327 plays a key role in Shigella sonnei pathogenesis
Authors: Mahmoud Rasha Y. , Stones Daniel Henry , Li Wenqin , Emara Mohamed , El‐domany Ramadan A. , Wang Depu , Wang Yili , Krachler Anne Marie , Yu Jun 
Published: October 2015

SummaryShigella sonnei is a bacterial pathogen and causative agent of bacillary dysentery. It deploys a type III secretion system to inject effector proteins into host epithelial cells and macrophages, an essential step for tissue invasion and immune evasion. Although the arsenal of bacterial effectors and their cellular targets have been studied extensively, little is known about the prerequisites for deployment of type III secreted proteins during infection. Here, we describe a novel S. sonnei adhesin, SSO1327 which is a multivalent adhesion molecule (MAM) required for invasion of epithelial cells and macrophages and for infection in vivo. The S. sonnei MAM mediates intimate attachment to host cells, which is required for efficient translocation of type III effectors into host cells. SSO1327 is non‐redundant to IcsA; its activity is independent of type III secretion. In contrast to the up‐regulation of IcsA‐dependent and independent attachment and invasion by deoxycholate in Shigella flexneri, deoxycholate negatively regulates IcsA and MAM in S. sonnei resulting in reduction in attachment and invasion and virulence attenuation in vivo. A strain deficient for SSO1327 is avirulent in vivo, but still elicits a host immune response.
Proterozoic photosynthesis – a critical review
Authors: Butterfield Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractChlorophyll‐based photosynthesis has fuelled the biosphere since at least the early Archean, but it was the ecological takeover of oxygenic cyanobacteria in the early Palaeoproterozoic, and of photosynthetic eukaryotes in the late Neoproterozoic, that gave rise to a recognizably modern ocean–atmosphere system. The fossil record offers a unique view of photosynthesis in deep time, but is deeply compromised by differential preservation and non‐diagnostic morphologies. The pervasively polyphyletic expression of modern cyanobacterial phenotypes means that few Proterozoic fossils are likely to be members of extant clades; rather than billion‐year stasis, their similarity to modern counterparts is better interpreted as a combination of serial convergence and extinction, facilitated by high levels of horizontal gene transfer. There are few grounds for identifying cyanobacterial akinetes or crown‐group Nostocales in the Proterozoic record. Such recognition undermines the results of various ancestral state reconstruction analyses, as well as molecular clock estimates calibrated against demonstrably problematic Proterozoic fossils. Eukaryotic organisms are likely to have acquired their (stem‐group nostocalean) photoendosymbionts/plastids by at least the Palaeoproterozoic, but remained ecologically marginalized by incumbent cyanobacteria until the late Neoproterozoic appearance of suspension‐feeding animals.
The key regulator of submergence tolerance, SUB1A, promotes photosynthetic and metabolic recovery from submergence damage in rice leaves
Authors: Alpuerto Jasper Benedict , Hussain Rana Muhammad Fraz , Fukao Takeshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe submergence‐tolerance regulator, SUBMERGENCE1A (SUB1A), of rice (Oryza sativa L.) modulates gene regulation, metabolism and elongation growth during submergence. Its benefits continue during desubmergence through protection from reactive oxygen species and dehydration, but there is limited understanding of SUB1A's role in physiological recovery from the stress. Here, we investigated the contribution of SUB1A to desubmergence recovery using the two near‐isogenic lines, submergence‐sensitive M202 and tolerant M202(Sub1). No visible damage was detected in the two genotypes after 3 d of submergence, but the sublethal stress differentially altered photosynthetic parameters and accumulation of energy reserves. Submergence inhibited photosystem II photochemistry and stimulated breakdown of protein and accumulation of several amino acids in both genotypes at similar levels. Upon desubmergence, however, more rapid return to homeostasis of these factors was observed in M202(Sub1). Submergence considerably restrained non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) in M202, whereas the value was unaltered in M202(Sub1) during the stress. Upon reaeration, submerged plants encounter sudden exposure to higher light. A greater capability for NPQ‐mediated photoprotection can benefit the rapid recovery of photosynthetic performance and energy reserve metabolism in M202(Sub1). Our findings illuminate the significant role of SUB1A in active physiological recovery upon desubmergence, a component of enhanced tolerance to submergence.
The individual and relational risks of providing support to an inconsolable partner
Authors: KARIMIHA GELAREH , REHMAN UZMA S. , MACDONALD TARA K. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe two studies in this article examined how perceptions of partner inconsolability are associated with the self‐esteem and relationship satisfaction of the caregiver. Study 1 documented a negative correlation between perceptions of partner inconsolability and relationship satisfaction, particularly among those high in rejection sensitivity. This association held even when controlling for both self‐ and partner‐reported levels of caregiving, as well as individual characteristics of both partners that may bias perceptions of inconsolability. In Study 2, participants who recalled a time when their partner was inconsolable reported lower state self‐esteem, and among individuals high in rejection sensitivity, lower relationship satisfaction.
Cell morphology and life history of Dictyocha octonaria (Dictyochophyceae, Ochrophyta) from Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
Authors: Chang F. Hoe 
Published: October 2015

SummaryEven though many aspects of Dictyocha fibula and D. speculum have long been studied, very little is known about D. octonaria. For the first time a clonal culture derived from a single cell of D. octonaria from Wellington Harbour was studied in detail. In the skeleton‐bearing stage three morphotypes were observed – skeleton bearing, mucocyst‐bearing and amoeboid, while in the naked stage only the naked form was studied. In this study the mucocyst‐bearing form was described as a new morphotype. Vegetative reproduction of the skeleton‐bearing form in the exponential growth phase was by both direct binary fission and by first forming a doublet and then two separate daughter cells, while that of naked form was by simple binary fission. Occasionally double skeletons were observed as end products of both the vegetative and sexual reproductions. In sexual reproduction all three forms in the skeleton‐bearing stage exhibited the same polymorphic life history involving a multinucleate stage. The newly formed daughter cells of all three forms developed individual siliceous skeletons prior to being released from the parent cell. The naked form in the naked stage, however, exhibited a separate polymorphic life history that produced only skeleton‐free daughter cells. For the first time both vegetative and sexual reproduction of D. octonaria were documented.