bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on the kappa statistic for clustered dichotomous data
Authors: Zhou Ming , Yang Zhao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe kappa statistic is widely used to assess the agreement between two raters. Motivated by a simulation‐based cluster bootstrap method to calculate the variance of the kappa statistic for clustered physician–patients dichotomous data, we investigate its special correlation structure and develop a new simple and efficient data generation algorithm. For the clustered physician–patients dichotomous data, based on the delta method and its special covariance structure, we propose a semi‐parametric variance estimator for the kappa statistic. An extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is performed to evaluate the performance of the new proposal and five existing methods with respect to the empirical coverage probability, root‐mean‐square error, and average width of the 95% confidence interval for the kappa statistic. The variance estimator ignoring the dependence within a cluster is generally inappropriate, and the variance estimators from the new proposal, bootstrap‐based methods, and the sampling‐based delta method perform reasonably well for at least a moderately large number of clusters (e.g., the number of clusters ). The new proposal and sampling‐based delta method provide convenient tools for efficient computations and non‐simulation‐based alternatives to the existing bootstrap‐based methods. Moreover, the new proposal has acceptable performance even when the number of clusters is as small as K = 25. To illustrate the practical application of all the methods, one psychiatric research data and two simulated clustered physician–patients dichotomous data are analyzed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hocheffiziente RF‐Impedanzanpassnetzwerke
Authors: Beckmann Rudolf , Rack Andreas , Gesche Roland , Scherer Joachim 
Published: February 2014

AbstractInduktiv gekoppelte Plasmen (ICP) bieten im Gegensatz zu kapazitiv gekoppelten Plasmen (CCP) eine höhere Plasmadichte und ermöglichen daher höhere Beschichtungs‐ bzw. Ätzraten und damit eine hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit bei industriellen Niederdruck‐ Plasmaverfahren.Wir werden im Folgenden ein neuartiges Impedanzanpassnetzwerk vorstellen, das für die hohe Anforderung zum Betrieb von induktiven Plasmen und speziell für den Betrieb in einer industriellen Anwendung entwickelt wurde.Für die Anwendung in Produktionsanlagen sind genaue Kenntnisse der Plasmaeigenschaften, wie der Homogenität und der Ionenenergieverteilung erforderlich. Plasmadiagnostische Untersuchungen und Berechnungen der Plasmadichteverteilung werden hierzu dargestellt. Abschließend wird die Anwendungen in einer Produktionsanlage vorgestellt, die auf einer kompakten Stellfläche von nur 19 m2 1200 Substrate der Größe 156 mm × 156 mm vollautomatisiert pro Stunde beschichten kann.
Soil–structure reliability of offshore wind turbine monopile foundations
Authors: Carswell Wystan , Arwade Sanjay Raja , DeGroot Don J. , Lackner Matthew A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn overview of offshore wind turbine (OWT) foundations is presented, focusing primarily on the monopile foundation. The uncertainty in offshore soil conditions as well as random wind and wave loading is currently treated with a deterministic design procedure, though some standards allow engineers to use a probability‐based approach. Laterally loaded monopile foundations are typically designed using the American Petroleum Institute p‐y method, which is problematic for large OWT pile diameters. Probabilistic methods are used to examine the reliability of OWT pile foundations under serviceability limit states using Euler–Bernoulli beam elements in a two‐dimensional pile–spring model, non‐linear with respect to the soil springs. The effects of soil property variation, pile design parameters, loading and large diameters on OWT pile reliability are presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Zinc(II) and Nickel(II) Complexes Based on Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Luminescent and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Qin Xiaoting , Ji Yufei , Gao Yanfei , Yan Lei , Ding Shuai , Wang Yanqin , Liu Zhiliang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThree new phenolate oxygen bridged transition metal complexes [Zn3(HL1)3(μ3‐CH3O)]·(ClO4)2(H2O)3 (1), [Ni2(HL1)2(μ1,1‐N3)(o‐vanillin)]·H2O (2), [Ni3(HL2)2(PhCOO)2(PhCOOH)2(EtOH)2] (3) have been synthesized by metal ions and potentially multidentate Schiff base ligands (H2L1 = 2‐((1‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropan‐2‐ylimino) methyl)‐6‐methoxyphenol; H3L2 = (E)‐1‐((2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐benzylidene)amino)ethane‐1,2‐diol). All the three complexes 1, 2, and 3 have been characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Crystal structures reveal that complex 1 is a trinuclear incomplete cubane‐like zinc cluster whereas complex 2 is a dinuclear nickel complex bridged by azide, and compound 3 is a trinuclear nickel complex. The luminescent property for complex 1 and magnetic behaviors for complexes 2 and 3 have been investigated.
Role of Ki‐67 Proliferation Index in the Assessment of Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasias Regarding the Stage of Disease
Authors: Miller H. C. , Drymousis P. , Flora R. , Goldin R. , Spalding D. , Frilling A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine neoplasias (NEN) of the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) system frequently present with metastatic deposits. The proliferation marker Ki‐67 is used for diagnosis and to assess the prognosis of disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of Ki‐67 % in the assessment of NEN patients with regard to their disease stage in clinical practice. Additionally, a comparative analysis of Ki‐67 levels among different sites of disease was performed.MethodsThis retrospective study included patients with GEP NEN referred to our center from 2010 to 2012. The NEN diagnosis was confirmed by standard histopathology. Ki‐67 immunohistochemistry was done on paraffin‐embedded sections using an automated Leica immunohistochemistry machine. NEN grading was carried out according to European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society recommendations (low grade [G1] to intermediate grade [G2], well to moderately differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms; high‐grade [G3], moderately to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms). Results of tumor staging and grading were correlated. In a subgroup of cases, comparative analysis of Ki‐67 levels in different sites of disease was carried out.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐one GEP NEN patients were included in the study. Metastatic disease was seen in 46.1 % (53/115) of G1 tumors, 77.8 % (28/36) of G2 tumors, and 100 % of (10/10) G3 tumors (p = 0.0002). When stratified according to primary tumor site, metastatic disease was documented in 42.9 % (36/84) of patients with pancreatic NEN and in 91.9 % (34/37) of those with small intestinal primary. Stage IV metastatic disease was present in 27.8 % (32/115) and 72.2 % (26/36) of the G1 and G2 tumors, respectively, and in 90 % (9/10) of the G3 tumors. Assessment of the Ki‐67 index for a subset of cases at metastatic sites as well as the primary tumor site showed discrepancies in 35.3 % cases. In 7/9 (77.8 %) patients with liver metastases, Ki‐67 % was higher in the liver lesions than in the primary tumor.ConclusionsPatients with GEP NEN exhibiting a high Ki‐67 proliferation index present with metastatic disease in the vast majority of cases. Depending upon the primary tumor site, metastases are to be expected also in tumors with low Ki‐67 %, although they are considered less aggressive. Different disease sites may express heterogeneous Ki‐67 levels.
Natural course of Fabry disease and the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rombach Saskia M. , Smid Bouwien E. , Linthorst Gabor E. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Hollak Carla E. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveCurrent available evidence on long‐term effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for Fabry disease is limited. More insight is needed whether ERT effectiveness differs in patients with and without baseline end‐organ damage.DesignThrough a systematic review, untreated and ERT treated males and females with Fabry disease were compared for main clinical outcomes: renal function, left ventricular mass (LVmass), cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) and end‐organ complications. Through a meta‐analysis ERT effectiveness was estimated in different disease stages.Data extractionTwo reviewers assessed quality of the included studies according to guidelines for prognosis research. Data were synthesized using a random effects meta‐analysis.ResultsThirty‐one studies were systematically reviewed while six studies were included in the meta‐analysis. In patients with a GFR > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, decline of renal function was similar for treated and untreated patients. Only ERT treated males with a GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 had a slower rate of decline in renal function, possibly attributable to anti‐proteinuric therapy. Regardless of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) at baseline, LVmass remained stable or increased in males despite ERT, however at a slower rate compared to untreated male patients. In ERT treated females with LVH LVmass decreased, and remained stable in females without LVH. WMLs can not be prevented by ERT. Stroke, cardiac and end‐stage renal complications develop, though the incidence of new complications seems to be reduced during ERT.ConclusionERT is effective in reducing LVH, but has a limited effect on renal function. Improved treatment options are needed for Fabry disease.
Interfacial and Demulsifying Behavior of Novel Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polymers
Authors: Li Yifei , Wang Xi , Zhang Huimin , Wang Yan , Yan Yucai , Zhang Yin , Zhao Yongxiang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn our previous study, a series of novel hyperbranched fluoropolymers with polyglycerol as the core and poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate) as hydrophobic arms were synthesized. As potential demulsifier for lubricants, the demulsification behavior, dynamic interfacial tension, and dilational rheological properties of the fluorinated polymers were investigated in this paper. The influence of polymer concentration and molecular structure on the interfacial properties was analyzed. We conclude that the diffusion rate of the polymers and the viscoelastic properties of the water–oil interface are critical factors in determining the demulsification performance. The longer hydrophobic chains of the fluorinated polymers leads to a faster and more effective interfacial adsorption, which is favorable to improve demulsification efficiency. In contrast, the longer hydrophobic chain also enhances the elastic property of interface due to its entangled structure, which is unfavorable to demulsification. As a result, the polymer with medium hydrophobic chain length show the best demulsification performance.
Marriage Duration and Divorce: The Seven-Year Itch or a Lifelong Itch?
Authors: Kulu Hill 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that the risk of divorce is low during the first months of marriage; it then increases, reaches a maximum, and thereafter begins to decline. Some researchers consider this pattern consistent with the notion of a “seven-year itch,” while others argue that the rising-falling pattern of divorce risk is a consequence of misspecification of longitudinal models because of omitted covariates or unobserved heterogeneity. The aim of this study is to investigate the causes of the rising-falling pattern of divorce risk. Using register data from Finland and applying multilevel hazard models, the analysis supports the rising-falling pattern of divorce by marriage duration: the risk of marital dissolution increases, reaches its peak, and then gradually declines. This pattern persists when I control for the sociodemographic characteristics of women and their partners. The inclusion of unobserved heterogeneity in the model leads to some changes in the shape of the baseline risk; however, the rising-falling pattern of the divorce risk persists.
Digestible indispensable amino acid score and digestible amino acids in eight cereal grains
Authors: Cervantes-Pahm Sarah K. , Liu Yanhong , Stein Hans H. 
Published: January 2014

To determine values for the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS), it is recommended that ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility values obtained in growing pigs are used to characterise protein quality in different foods. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the standardised ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in eight cereal grains (yellow dent maize, Nutridense maize, dehulled barley, dehulled oats, polished white rice, rye, sorghum and wheat) fed to pigs, where SID values in pigs can be used to calculate approximate DIAAS values in humans. In the present experiment, twenty-four barrows with a T-cannula inserted in the distal ileum were allotted to eight diets and fed for three periods to give a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Each period lasted 14 d, and ileal digesta samples were collected on days 13 and 14. Among the SID values obtained for all cereal grains, values for total indispensable AA were greatest (P< 0·05) in rice and lowest (P< 0·05) in rye and sorghum. The concentrations of SID indispensable AA in rice were less (P< 0·05) than in dehulled oats, but greater (P< 0·05) than in the other cereal grains, and the concentrations of SID indispensable AA in Nutridense maize were greater (P< 0·05) than in yellow dent maize and sorghum, but less (P< 0·05) than in the other cereal grains, except rye. In conclusion, results indicate that to meet dietary requirements for AA in humans, diets based on yellow dent maize or sorghum require more AA supplementation than diets based on other cereal grains.
Supplementation of the diet with Salecan attenuates the symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium in mice
Authors: Zhou Mengyi , Wang Zhongqiu , Chen Jinping , Zhan Yibei , Wang Tao , Xia Lin , Wang Shiming , Hua Zichun , Zhang Jianfa 
Published: January 2014

As a water-soluble extracellular β-glucan produced by Agrobacterium sp. ZX09, Salecan has an excellent toxicological profile and exerts multiple physiological effects. The aims of the present study were to investigate the protective effects of a Salecan diet in the well-defined dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model of experimental murine colitis and to elucidate the mechanism involved in its effects with special attention being paid to its effect on the production of TNF-α, a primary mediator involved in the inflammatory response. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with either 4 or 8 % Salecan for 26 d and DSS was administered to induce acute colitis during the last 5 d of the experimental period. Several clinical and inflammatory parameters as well as mRNA expression of TNF-α and Dectin-1 were evaluated. The results indicated that the dietary incorporation of Salecan attenuated the severity of DSS colitis as evidenced by the decreased disease activity index, reduced severity of anaemia, attenuated changes in colon architecture and reduced colonic myeloperoxidase activity. This protection was associated with the down-regulation of TNF-α mRNA levels, which might derive from its ability to increase Dectin-1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, the present study suggests that Salecan contributes to the reduction of colonic damage and inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis and holds promise as a new, effective nutritional supplement in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Computed tomography features of luetic osteitis (otosyphilis) of the temporal bone
Authors: Ogungbemi A , Dudau C , Morley S , Beale T 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjective:We report a missed case of otosyphilis presenting as otic capsule lucencies on temporal bone computed tomography.Methods:A 58-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of bilateral, mixed hearing loss together with otic capsule lucencies, subsequently confirmed as otosyphilis. A literature review of otosyphilis was undertaken based on a PubMed search of studies published between 1988 and 2012, using the key words ‘otosyphilis’, ‘otodystrophy’, ‘otic capsule lucencies’ and ‘luetic osteitis’.Results and conclusion:Although rare, otosyphilis is important to recognise as it is one of the few treatable causes of deafness when diagnosed early. The differentiating computed tomography features of luetic osteitis (otosyphilis) of the temporal bone have only rarely been described. We emphasise how these imaging features can be used to distinguish the rare but treatable condition of luetic osteitis from other, more common conditions with similar imaging findings.
Clinicoradiological characteristics of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and renal metastasis: case series with follow up
Authors: Kand P , Basu S 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground:Renal metastasis is relatively unusual in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods:The clinicoradiological parameters of a series of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and renal metastasis were assessed, together with follow-up data.Results and conclusion:The series comprised 4 male patients over the age of 45 years with extensive disease at the primary site. Retro-sternal extension of a large goitre was observed in three patients. The primary tumour was 4 cm or larger in all patients (range, 4–14 cm), and three patients had associated lymph node metastasis. None had any genito-urinary symptoms at presentation. Two patients had isolated renal metastases with no other distant metastases, while the others had extensive multi-organ involvement. The bilateral occurrence of lesions was a hallmark, being observed in all cases. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology and 131I scintigraphy were pivotal in confirming the diagnosis. Evidence of ‘flip-flop’ between 131I study and fluoro-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography was noted in one patient, while the other three demonstrated concordant lesions in both modalities. At a minimum follow-up period of four years after diagnosis, three patients demonstrated stable disease with radioiodine therapy, and one had expired due to a poorly differentiated lung carcinoma which developed subsequently.
Transient left ventricular wall thickening in a 14-year-old girl with influenza A myocarditis
Authors: Wittlieb-Weber Carol A. , Harris Matthew A. , Rossano Joseph W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe describe a case of influenza A myocarditis and transient left ventricular wall thickening in a 14-year-old girl presenting with acute heart failure. Admission echocardiogram revealed significant left ventricular hypertrophy with depressed left ventricular systolic function. The aetiology of the ventricular thickening was demonstrated to be myocardial oedema using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The natural course of this unusual clinical presentation of acute myocarditis and the importance of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in this challenging clinical setting are discussed.
Shaping the ‘China Problem’ of Colonial Southeast Asia
Authors: Yamamoto Nobuto 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the early 1920s Southeast Asia, before communism compelled the creation of inter-colonial intelligence networks in the late period of the decade, a situation that can be called the ‘China problem’ emerged as an issue for the colonial powers in the region. This problem refers to the political activities by local Chinese populations in response to events that were taking place in China. The colonial powers, however, could not find a common solution to this issue, but instead dealt with it individually. An explanation to this lies in the fact that, unlike in Northeast Asia where the ‘Washington System’ shaped international politics in the 1920s, in Southeast Asia no such official framework had been established to deal with regional issues. This article sets out to demonstrate that under Britain's ‘informal empire’ in Southeast Asia, the colonial powers informally started to exchange information on domestic Chinese politics in their colonies as well as the political development in China. The ‘China problem’ was thus a catalyst that brought to the region ‘international’ politics and in particular the politics of immigration control.
Measured forward‐scatter sea clutter at near‐zero grazing angle: analysis of spectral and statistical properties
Authors: Gashinova Marina , Kabakchiev Kalin , Daniel Liam , Hoare Edward , Sizov Vladimir , Cherniakov Mikhail 
Published: February 2014

To develop forward‐scatter radar (FSR) systems for use in maritime applications, a fundamental understanding of the operating environment is required. Currently, there is a lack of published experimental FSR sea clutter data at very low (near‐zero) grazing angle over the sea. This data is necessary for the development of FSR systems for maritime applications. Therefore to facilitate further investigation, clutter data for such a system has been recorded at frequencies of 7.5 and 24 GHz with static, medium gain antennas for low sea states 1–3 on the Douglas scale. Analysis of forward scatter propagation phenomena is presented, and spectral and statistical analysis of forward‐scatter clutter is performed.
Kaplansky Theorem for completely regular spaces
Authors: Li Lei , Wong Ngai-Ching 
Published: January 2014

Let

X
,
Y

X, Y

be realcompact spaces or completely regular spaces consisting of

G
δ

G_\delta

-points. Let

ϕ
\phi

be a linear bijective map from

C
(
X
)

C(X)

(resp.

C
b

(
X
)

C^b(X)

) onto

C
(
Y
)

C(Y)

(resp.

C
b

(
Y
)

C^b(Y)

). We show that if

ϕ
\phi

preserves nonvanishing functions, that is,
\[

f
(
x
)
≠
0
,
∀

x
∈
X
,

⟺

ϕ
(
f
)
(
y
)
≠
0
,
∀

y
∈
Y
,

f(x)\neq 0,\forall \, x\in X, \quad \Longleftrightarrow \quad \phi (f)(y)\neq 0, \forall \, y\in Y,

\]
then

ϕ
\phi

is a weighted composition operator
\[

ϕ
(
f
)
=
ϕ
(
1
)
⋅
f
∘
τ
,

\phi (f)=\phi (1)\cdot f\circ \tau ,

\]
arising from a homeomorphism

τ
\tau

from

Y
Y

onto

X
X

. This result is applied also to other nice function spaces, e.g., uniformly or Lipschitz continuous functions on metric spaces.
Automorphisms of affine smooth varieties
Authors: Jelonek Zbigniew , Lenarcik Tomasz 
Published: January 2014

Let

k
k

be an algebraically closed field. If

X
X

is a smooth projective variety over

k
k

and

H
⊂
X

H\subset X

is a very ample hypersurface without ruled components, then the group

A
u
t

(
X
∖
H
)

\mathrm {Aut}(X\setminus H)

is finite and equal to

S
t
a
b

X

(
H
)
=
{
ϕ
∈

A
u
t

(
X
)
:
ϕ
(
H
)
=
H
}
.

\mathrm {Stab}_X(H)=\{ \phi \in \mathrm {Aut}(X): \phi (H)=H\}.