bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss‐tolerant authentication with digital signatures
Authors: Lv Xixiang , Mu Yi , Li Hui 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTConsider a signed file that cannot be verified because of some fraction loss or noise, which might not affect the business of users. It would be desirable for the verifier to locate the damaged fractions so that the authenticity of other components of the file can be ensured. Thereafter, the verifier can decide whether or not to accept it. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a loss‐tolerant authentication scheme, which allows the verifier to locate the damaged elements in the signed file stream. Our idea is to allow the signed file to be fragmented, and each fragment is appended a short authentication tag, which enables the verifier to find the modified fragments in the signed file and verify the signature even if some fragments are lost. The proposed scheme adopts a combination of Reed–Solomon error correction and erasure codes, aiming to allow verifiers to locate the modified fractions and thereafter reconstruct the signature when sufficient original fractions of the file are obtained. Our scheme offers many potential applications such as loss‐tolerant transmission and storage. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of landscape characteristics on retention of expandable radiocollars on young ungulates
Authors: Grovenburg Troy W. , Klaver Robert W. , Jacques Christopher N. , Brinkman Todd J. , Swanson Christopher C. , DePerno Christopher S. , Monteith Kevin L. , Sievers Jaret D. , Bleich Vernon C. , Kie John G. , Jenks Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTOne tool used for wildlife management is the deployment of radiocollars to gain knowledge of animal populations. Understanding the influence of individual factors (e.g., species, collar characteristics) and landscape characteristics (e.g., forested cover, shrubs, and fencing) on retention of expandable radiocollars for ungulates is important for obtaining empirical data on factors influencing ecology of young‐of‐the‐year ungulates. During 2001–2009, we captured and radiocollared 198 white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns, 142 pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) fawns, and 73 mule deer (O. hemionus) fawns in South Dakota, Minnesota, and California, USA. We documented 72 (36.4%), 8 (5.6%), and 7 (9.6%) premature (<270 days post‐capture) collar losses among white‐tailed deer, pronghorn, and mule deer, respectively. Probability of a collar being retained for 270 days was 0.36 (SE = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.27–0.47), 0.91 (SE = 0.03, 95% CI = 0.82–0.96), and 0.87 (SE = 0.05, 95% CI = 0.73–0.94) for white‐tailed deer, pronghorn, and mule deer fawns, respectively. Agricultural fencing, which varied among study areas and thus species, seemed to influence collar retention; fencing density was 69% lower in areas where fawns retained collars ( = 1.00 km/km2, SE = 0.1, n = 75) compared with areas where fawns shed collars ( = 3.24 km/km2, SE = 0.1, n = 56) prior to 270 days. Researchers of fawns should consider that radiocollars can be shed prematurely when estimating desired sample size to yield a suitable strength of inference about some natural process of interest. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Monitoring whooping crane abundance using aerial surveys: Influences on detectability
Authors: Strobel Bradley N. , Butler Matthew J. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe whooping crane (Grus americana), an endangered species, has been counted on its winter grounds in Texas, USA, since 1950 using fixed‐wing aircraft. Many shortcomings of the traditional survey technique have been identified, calling into question its efficacy, defensibility, repeatability, and usefulness into the future. To improve and standardize monitoring effort, we began investigating new survey techniques. Here we focus on efficacy of line transect‐based distance sampling during aerial surveys. We conducted a preliminary test of distance sampling during winter 2010–2011 while flying the traditional survey, which indicated that detectability within 500 m of transects was 0.558 (SE = 0.031). We then used an experimental decoy survey to evaluate impacts of observer experience, sun position, distance from transect, and group size on detectability. Our results indicated decoy detectability increased with group size and exhibited a quadratic relationship with distance likely due to pontoons on the aircraft. We found that detectability was 2.704 times greater when the sun was overhead and 3.912 times greater when the sun was at the observer's back than when it was in the observer's eyes. We found that an inexperienced observer misclassified non‐target objects more often than an experienced observer. During the decoy experiment we used marks on the struts to categorize distances into intervals, but we found that observers misclassified distances 46.7% of the time (95% CI = 37.0–56.6%). Also, we found that detectability of individuals within detected groups was affected by group size and distance from transect. We discuss how these results inform design and implementation of future whooping crane monitoring efforts. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Regulatory variation: an emerging vantage point for cancer biology
Authors: Li Luolan , Lorzadeh Alireza , Hirst Martin 
Published: November 2013

Transcriptional regulation involves complex and interdependent interactions of noncoding and coding regions of the genome with proteins that interact and modify them. Genetic variation/mutation in coding and noncoding regions of the genome can drive aberrant transcription and disease. In spite of accounting for nearly 98% of the genome comparatively little is known about the contribution of noncoding DNA elements to disease. Genome‐wide association studies of complex human diseases including cancer have revealed enrichment for variants in the noncoding genome. A striking finding of recent cancer genome re‐sequencing efforts has been the previously underappreciated frequency of mutations in epigenetic modifiers across a wide range of cancer types. Taken together these results point to the importance of dysregulation in transcriptional regulatory control in genesis of cancer. Powered by recent technological advancements in functional genomic profiling, exploration of normal and transformed regulatory networks will provide novel insight into the initiation and progression of cancer and open new windows to future prognostic and diagnostic tools. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2014, 6:37–59. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1250This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
FRENCH CROSSINGS IV: VAGARIES OF PASSION AND POWER IN ENLIGHTENMENT PARIS
Authors: Jones Colin 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper examines female libertinism in eighteenth-century France, highlighting the hybrid identity of actress, courtesan and prostitute of female performers at the Paris Opéra. The main focus is on the celebrated singer, Sophie Arnould. She and others like her achieved celebrity by moving seamlessly between these three facets of their identity. Their celebrity also allowed them to circulate within the highest social circles. Feminists of the 1790s such as Olympe de Gouges and Théroigne de Méricourt had pre-Revolutionary careers that were very similar to those of Arnould. It is suggested that understanding this kind of individual in Ancien Régime France can help us to identify a neglected libertine strand within Enlightenment culture, that merged into proto-feminism in the French Revolution. The paper offers a new approach to some of the origins of modern French feminism.
SAFETY FIRST: THE SECURITY OF BRITONS IN INDIA, 1946–1947
Authors: Talbot Ian 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA month into his viceroyalty, Lord Mountbatten took time out from sounding Indian political opinion about independence to discuss the future security of British residents with his provincial governors. By this stage, the concerns stemmed from fears of a general breakdown in law and order and Hindu–Muslim conflict rather than nationalist assault. Detailed plans were developed for a sea-borne evacuation. In the event, the only Britons who were evacuated were those airlifted from Srinagar in November 1947 as they were in the path of an invasion of the disputed Kashmir territory by Pakhtun tribesmen from Pakistan. Despite numerous articles on the British departure from India and the aftermath of Partition, little has been written about either the airlift or the broader strategic planning for European evacuation. The paper will focus on this neglected corner of the history of the transfer of power. It argues that while anti-British sentiment declined from a peak around the time of the Indian National Army trials, of 1945–6, the memories of the wartime chaotic flight from Burma and Malaya and the irreparable damage this had done to British prestige in Asia coloured the safety first approach adopted in 1947.
Overview: A Closer Look At The ‘Remarkable Decade’
Authors: Archibald Zosia 
Published: November 2013

A wealth of data, providing both nuanced understanding and occasionally ‘white noise’Last year I referred to the ‘remarkable decade’ of archaeological investigation, the decade following the turn of the millennium, when Greece as a nation, and the city of Athens and Attica at large, prepared for the 2004 Olympic Games; when cities and countryside benefited in a variety of ways from the cumulative cultural investment of European Union, philanthropic and commercial funding to expand the scope of the country's heritage. New sites were investigated and new museums opened their doors, with a host of conservators and designers deployed to support them. That was before the economic downturn of 2008 and the consequent contraction of fieldwork, of professional and technical staff, and of research services in general.The fruits of the ‘remarkable decade’ are nevertheless continuing to appear in books and journals. Robert Pitt provided the first glimpse of these developments in his report on Athens and Attica (AR 57 [2010–2011] 31–48), drawing on the first fascicule of volumes 56–59 [2001–2004] of ADelt, to which archaeologists are required to report their work in the year in which it took place. ADelt is a necessarily cumbersome and slow publication, whose future is uncertain, as Cathy Morgan explained in her introduction to AG 2009–2010 (AR 56 [2009–2010] 1). The complexity of the process of collating, editing, and publishing archaeological work, of all periods, in a single book seems even less viable today as government budgets have become tightly constrained.
Thessaly (Prehistoric to Roman)
Authors: Stamatopoulou Maria 
Published: November 2013

In this year's report I will focus on the presentation of the proceedings of AEThSE 3 which were distributed in spring 2013. The publication contains many very interesting articles on Thessaly that demonstrate the vitality and variety of the archaeological work (fieldwork, research and archival studies) conducted in the region, often under difficult circumstances. Although it has often been pointed out (during the conferences) that these meetings have become almost unmanageable, due to the very large number of participants (the volume on Thessaly is over 700 pages long), their importance is obvious. The regularity of the meetings and their prompt publication have increased our essential evidence for the region, but also enable scholars to draw comparisons and discern links among sites and between classes of material, and to illustrate the diachronic importance of key sites in the Thessalian landscape, thus adding greatly to our understanding of the region synchronically and diachronically.As a number of articles from this volume were the focus of last year's report (for example: Roman Demetrias: Triantaphylopoulou [2012]; Kastro/Palaia Volou: Skafida [2012]; Phthiotic Thebes/Nea Anchialos: Dina [2012]; Tempe: Sdrolia [2012b]; Toufexis et al. [2012b]; fortification walls of Late Roman Larisa: Kontogiannopoulou [2012]; Kazanaki: Stantzouris and Panagiotis [2012]), I will concentrate here on new sites/material for reasons of brevity.
Synchronic variation in the expression of French negation: A Distributed Morphology approach
Authors: MEISNER CHARLOTTE , POMINO NATASCHA 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis article discussesne-variation in French sentential negation based on the phonologically transcribed corpus T-zéro (cf. Meisner, in preparation) which allows a new interpretation of the facts. In the last decades, sociolinguistic and stylistic approaches to linguistic variation in French (cf. Armstrong, 2001) have shown that extra-linguistic factors, such as the speaker's age, sex, social background or geographic origin as well as the communication situation may have considerable influence on variablene-omission. However, in contrast to most sociolinguistic studies dedicated to this phenomenon (cf. Ashby, 1976, 1981, 2001; Armstrong and Smith, 2002; Coveney, 2002) we will focus on the linguistic factors influencingne-variation, since their importance is empirically evident but not yet fully exploited on a theoretical level.One leading assumption with respect tone-variation in literature is that the particleneis most frequently retained in combination with a proper name or a full DP and is commonly omitted when combined with clitic subjects. However, there are many exceptions to this rule which, as we argue, can be better explained by considering the phonological form of the involved subject.Ne-realisation is treated here as an inner-grammatical phenomenon that is triggered by context sensitivity with regard to the element to its left, i.e. usually the grammatical subject, and not as a consequence of ‘code-switching’ between two grammars nor as a sociolinguistic variable characterising certain groups of speakers in the Labovian sense (cf. Labov, 1972), since we seek to describe general variational tendencies, present in nearly all speakers of contemporary European French. Our analysis, which is implemented in a Distributed Morphology framework (Halle & Marantz, 1994), is compatible, however, with stylistic approaches tone-variation, such as audience design (cf. Bell, 1984, 2001).
Reintroducing domesticated wild mice to sociality induces adaptive transgenerational effects on MUP expression
Authors: Nelson Adam C. , Cauceglia Joseph W. , Merkley Seth D. , Youngson Neil A. , Oler Andrew J. , Nelson Randy J. , Cairns Bradley R. , Whitelaw Emma , Potts Wayne K. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
When wild-derived laboratory mice are reintroduced to socially competitive populations, they quickly adapt by producing attractive sons that otherwise have no fitness advantages, consistent with the sexy sons model of sexual selection. These attractive sons inherit up-regulated expression of several pheromones belonging to the major urinary protein (MUP) family. Up-regulation is controlled by maternal social experience, and is associated with epigenetic modifications of MUP promoters that could enhance transcription. Inheritance of up-regulated MUPs is likely adaptive because females have odor preferences for male scent marks with higher MUP concentration. These results represent one of only a few cases where parental social experience adaptively modifies progeny phenotype.
Reporter islets in the eye reveal the plasticity of the endocrine pancreas
Authors: Ilegems Erwin , Dicker Andrea , Speier Stephan , Sharma Aarti , Bahow Alan , Edlund Patrick Karlsson , Leibiger Ingo B. , Berggren Per-Olof 
Published: November 2013

Significance
An adaptive plasticity of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells, located in the islets of Langerhans, is essential for maintaining proper blood glucose homeostasis under various functional demands. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of beta cell mass and function is critically dependent on an in vivo monitoring system that can continuously report on the functional status of the islets. Because direct inspection of these islets is obstructed due to the fact that they are deeply embedded and scattered within the pancreas, we propose the use of “reporter islets” transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye, serving as optically accessible indicators of islet plasticity in the pancreas and as a tool to individually assess effectiveness of specific treatment regimens.
Organic chemistry of balms used in the preparation of pharaonic meat mummies
Authors: Clark Katherine A. , Ikram Salima , Evershed Richard P. 
Published: November 2013

SignificanceThis unique research on the chemical composition of organic balms of food mummies completes the trilogy of mummy types known from Ancient Egypt, complementing previous investigations of human and animal mummies. Our findings show that the Ancient Egyptians prepared the food offerings they made to their dead using preservation techniques at least as exotic as those used in embalming human and animal mummies. The discovery of the preciousPistaciaresin on a beef rib mummy is especially noteworthy because the use of this substance is rare even in human mummies.
RNA-sequencing from single nuclei
Authors: Grindberg Rashel V. , Yee-Greenbaum Joyclyn L. , McConnell Michael J. , Novotny Mark , O’Shaughnessy Andy L. , Lambert Georgina M. , Araúzo-Bravo Marcos J. , Lee Jun , Fishman Max , Robbins Gillian E. , Lin Xiaoying , Venepally Pratap , Badger Jonathan H. , Galbraith David W. , Gage Fred H. , Lasken Roger S. 
Published: November 2013

Significance
One of the central goals of developmental biology and medicine is to ascertain the relationships between the genotype and phenotype of cells. Single-cell transcriptome analysis represents a powerful strategy to reach this goal. We advance these strategies to single nuclei from neural progenitor cells and dentate gyrus tissue, from which it is very difficult to recover intact cells. This provides a unique means to carry out RNA sequencing from individual neurons that avoids requiring isolation of single-cell suspensions, eliminating potential changes in gene expression due to enzymatic-cell dissociation methods. This method will be useful for analysis of processes occurring in the nucleus and for gene-expression studies of highly interconnected cells such as neurons.
Staphylococcus aureusthiaminase II: oligomerization warrants proteolytic protection against serine proteases
Authors: Begum Afshan , Drebes Julia , Kikhney Alexey , Müller Ingrid B. , Perbandt Markus , Svergun Dmitri , Wrenger Carsten , Betzel Christian 
Published: November 2013

Staphylococcus aureusTenA (SaTenA) is a thiaminase type II enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of aminopyrimidine, as well as the cleavage of thiamine into 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (HMP) and 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (THZ), within thiamine (vitamin B1) metabolism. Further, by analogy with studies ofBacillus subtilisTenA,SaTenA may act as a regulator controlling the secretion of extracellular proteases such as the subtilisin type of enzymes in bacteria. Thiamine biosynthesis has been identified as a potential drug target of the multi-resistant pathogenS. aureusand therefore all enzymes involved in theS. aureusthiamine pathway are presently being investigated in detail. Here, the structure ofSaTenA, determined by molecular replacement and refined at 2.7 Å resolution to anRfactor of 21.6% with one homotetramer in the asymmetric unit in the orthorhombic space groupP212121, is presented. The tetrameric state of wild-type (WT)SaTenA was postulated to be the functional biological unit and was confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments in solution. To obtain insights into structural and functional features of the oligomericSaTenA, comparative kinetic investigations as well as experiments analyzing the structural stability of the WTSaTenA tetramerversusa monomericSaTenA mutant were performed.
Oral Toxicological Studies of Pueraria Flower Extract: Acute Toxicity Study in Mice and Subchronic Toxicity Study in Rats
Authors: Takano Akira , Kamiya Tomoyasu , Tsubata Masahito , Ikeguchi Motoya , Takagaki Kinya , Kinjo Junei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractKudzu has been widely used as an herbal medicine in China. The root of the kudzu is also well known as an antipyretic and analgesic in treatment of the common cold, while its flower has been used to treat alcohol intoxication, alcohol abuse, and dysentery. Pueraria flower extract (PFE) is a hot water extract derived from the flower of the kudzu, Pueraria thomsonii Benth. (Fabaceae), oral intake of which exhibits anti‐obesity properties in mice and humans. In this study, we conducted acute and subchronic toxicity studies for an evaluation of safety. In the acute study, PFE (5 g/kg body weight) was orally administered to ddY mice. For 14 d after administration, no deaths or abnormal changes were observed in general signs, body weight (BW), or food consumption, and no abnormal findings were observed in the major organs and tissues of either males or females at necropsy. The oral LD50 of PFE was therefore estimated to be higher than 5 g/kg BW. In the subchronic study, PFE was mixed into the diet in place of powdered CRF‐1 and administered at concentrations of 0% (control), 0.5%, 1.5%, and 5.0% to male and female Sprague–Dawley rats for 90 d. No mortality or toxicological changes were observed during the experimental period. Blood biochemical, hematological, and urinary parameters revealed no toxicologically significant changes. Furthermore, no anatomical or histopathological changes due to PFE were observed. The no‐observed adverse‐effect‐level of PFE was thus estimated to be 5.0% in the diet (male: 3.0 g/kg BW/d; female: 3.5 g/kg BW/d).
Total polyphenol of Anemarrhena asphodeloides ameliorates advanced glycation end products‐induced endothelial dysfunction by regulation of AMP‐Kinase (知母多酚通过激活AMP‐激酶来缓解糖基化终末产物引起的内皮损伤)
Authors: Zhao Qianwen , Sun Yan , Ji Yu , Xu Lihua , Liu Kang , Liu Baolin , Huang Fang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveAnemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge is widely used in China for the treatment of diabetes and the polyphenol components are responsible for its anti‐diabetic action. This study aimed to investigate the effect of total polyphenol of Anemarrhena asphodeloides (TPAA) on endothelial dysfunction and to elucidate underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe stimulated endothelial cells with advanced glycation end products (AGEs) to establish the model of endothelial dysfunction in vitro and observed the effect of TPAA (10, 30, or 100 μg/mL) on AMP‐Kinase (AMPK) activation implicated in regulation of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) production. Meanwhile, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and eNOS expression were investigated by western blot, fluorescence microscopy and real time‐quantitative PCR analysis, respectively.ResultsTotal polyphenol of Anemarrhena asphodeloides enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and promoted the basal NO production along with the inhibition of ET‐1 secretion in endothelial cells. TPAA inhibited NF‐κB activation by attenuating p65 phosphorylation and suppressed ROS production, well demonstrating its action in inhibition of ROS‐associated inflammation in the endothelium. Meanwhile, TPAA protected mitochondrial function and endothelial homeostasis against AGEs insult by restoring ΔΨm and mRNA expression of eNOS. AGEs stimulation inhibited AMPK activation and induced the loss of NO production together with increased secretion of ET‐1, but these changes were reversed by TPAA in a concentration‐dependent manner. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, attenuated the effects of TPAA mentioned above, indicating the involvement of AMPK.ConclusionsTotal polyphenol of Anemarrhena asphodeloides inhibited AGEs‐induced ROS‐associated inflammation and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction through beneficial regulation of AMPK activation.