bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Tests in Cyber-Physical Mode for an Energy Management System Including Renewable Sources and Industrial Symbiosis
Authors: Ferrari Mario Luigi , Gini Lorenzo , Pascenti Matteo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper regards the laboratory validation of an energy management system (EMS) for an industrial site on the Eigerøy island (Norway). It will be the demonstration district in the ROBINSON project, for a consequent concept replication. This activity in cyber-physical mode is an innovative approach to finalize the EMS tool with real measurement data with prime movers available at laboratory level, considering the necessary EMS robustness and flexibility for replication on other industrial islands. This EMS was designed and developed to minimize variable costs, producing on/off and set-point signals that, through a Model Predictive Control (MPC) software, establish the system status. This smart grid includes renewable sources (e.g., solar panels, a wind turbine, and syngas) and traditional prime movers, such as a steam boiler for the industry needs. Moreover, an energy storage device is installed composed of an electrolyzer with a hydrogen pressure vessel.
The main results reported in this work regard 26-hour tests performed in cyber-physical mode thanks to the real-time interaction of hardware and software. So, a real microturbine and real photovoltaic panels were managed by the EMS in conjunction with software models for components not physically present in the laboratory. Although the optimization target was cost minimization, significant improvement was also obtained in terms of efficiency increase and CO2 emission decrease.
Experimental and Numerical Study on Turbulent Flow Heat Transfer and Turbulent Flow in Rotating Channel Roughened With Vortex Ribs
Authors: Xu Chao , Rao Yu , Chen Jianian , Luan Yong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of novel vortex rib in a cooling channel have been investigated both experimentally and numerically under the Reynolds number (Re) from 10,000 to 80,000 and Rotation number (Ro) Ro = 0–0.385. The vortex rib cooling structure is proposed by combining W-shaped rib and W-shaped elongated dimple. Compared with the W-shaped rib, the vortex rib strengthens heat transfer by 2.6%–11.4% while reducing the pressure loss by 0.6%–18.7% under non-rotating and rotating conditions. Compared to the W-oblong-dimple, the heat transfer of the vortex rib increases by 2.0%–47.9%. The heat transfer dead zones are significantly improved by near-wall vortex induced by vortex rib. It is also noted that the vortex rib can appreciably reduce the turbulent mixing intensity in the mainstream of the cooling fluid but keep the near-wall high turbulent mixing intensity region, guaranteeing the near-wall turbulent heat transport capacity.
Turbulence Generation Mechanisms in Compressor Boundary Layers
Authors: Dellacasagrande Matteo , Przytarski Pawel J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Turbomachinery flows are highly unsteady and feature complex interactions between stationary and rotating blades coupled with high freestream turbulence effects. This unsteadiness can lead to a variety of transition mechanisms. A detailed investigation of turbulence production under various levels of freestream unsteadiness in attached and separated boundary layers may guide the definition of “laminar” and “turbulent” kinetic energies for the development of highly accurate transition models based on laminar kinetic energy concept. For this purpose, high-fidelity scale-resolving simulations of a compressor blade-row exposed to turbulent inflow conditions were studied. The conditions were chosen such that the suction side boundary layer was either predominantly attached or separated. Using a turbulent event recognition technique a local laminar-turbulent discretization of the flow was obtained providing the reference value of the local boundary layer intermittency. Then, the contribution of turbulence production associated with different flow scales was computed for the attached and the separated boundary layers. Comparing the local levels of turbulence production with the local value of the boundary layer intermittency function allowed classifying the individual flow features as “laminar” and “turbulent” depending on their role in transition. It is shown that the fluctuations originating from vortex shedding in separated boundary layers should be classified and included in the turbulent kinetic energy budget. On the other hand, low frequency shear layer fluctuations and streaky structures are seen to mostly contribute to the laminar kinetic energy budget. Data presented in this work is expected to provide insight into the turbulence generation mechanisms in turbomachinery flows and can be adopted for the future construction of physics-based transition models.
A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Resolution of Turbine Engine Performances’ Inverse Problems
Authors: Vu Dong Quan , Razakarivony Sebastien , Marnissi Yosra , Nocture Michel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Turbine engine monitoring is a well-known and well-studied subject that proves to be essential for the aeronautic industry. A popular approach in engine monitoring is constructing indicators that reflect systems’ health states by leveraging operational measurements (i.e., sensors’ data during flights) — this is known as the engine performance’s inverse problem. There exists an extensive literature on this topic, especially revolving around two well-used types of performance indicators of aircraft engines: efficiencies and air mass flow rates of engine’s modules. This review aims to provide a comprehensive survey of this particular literature, which so far has not been properly organized and structured. Our first contribution is to propose a novel taxonomy of the relevant methods. In particular, we consider the role of physics-based models — an element that provides specific advantages and challenges in the context of aircraft engines monitoring — and see if each method exploits such models inside or outside the main algorithmic process (or not exploiting them at all). Our second contribution is to identify the pros and cons of each method, along with additional insights with respect to two commonly encountered challenges: under-determined scenarios and time-series data. Finally, we give some guidelines for selecting appropriate strategies in practical situations and perspectives for future works.
FlameSheet™ Combustion System Operation and Experience With Refinery Offgas in a 7FA Gas Turbine
Authors: Hernandez Fred , Yaquinto Matthew , Kalb Bryan , Paskin Marc 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The petroleum refining industry is a significant industrial consumer of energy and consequently is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Certain processes such as fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) produce significant quantities of by-product gases. Onsite recycling and consumption of by-product gases is critical in reducing sources of GHG in a refinery. This paper describes the operational experience on a 7FA Gas Turbine at a powerplant that is co-located at a petroleum refinery. The 7FA Gas turbine, originally designed for operation with natural gas, was retrofitted with a FlameSheet™ combustion system and additional output and efficiency upgrade. It was then demonstrated to operate with a blend of natural gas (NG) and refinery off-gas (ROG) whose composition was varied throughout the validation. The blend gas into the gas turbine operated up to &gt; 80%mass of ROG and low methane levels &lt; 30%vol of CH4. The blend gas variations tested had significant quantities of ethane/ethylene, propane/propene and hydrogen. Hydrogen levels greater than 20%vol were demonstrated in steady operation. At all times, emissions compliance was held with Gas Turbine output emissions &lt; 9 ppm NOx and CO measured at load levels up to baseload and peak overfire. This paper demonstrates the operation experience and presents the detailed results of combustor tuning and operability with ROG blends relative to the baseline Natural Gas operation, as well as provides potential reasons for the changes in observed combustor performance.
High-Fidelity Numerical Investigation of a High Pressure Turbine Cooled Vane
Authors: Gokenis Furkan , Peneklioglu Kagan , Oksuz Ozhan , Erdem Erinc , Eyi Sinan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A significant portion of a turbine blade/vane might experience a transitional boundary layer presumably on the suction surface, which affects the rate of heat transfer. Appropriate choice of the turbulence model on predicting a realistic heat transfer rate in the vicinity of the transition region is therefore imperative. Current study presents the numerical assessment effort of an industry-standard Energy Efficient Engine (E3) high pressure turbine (HPT) second stage cooled vane in terms of flowfield and wall temperatures. In order to assess numerical predictions, wall temperature distributions at the cooling design point at 65% and 95% span locations reported by NASA, deduced from core engine tests accompanied with thermal analyses, are utilised. Conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analyses are carried out to reveal wall temperatures. External flow field is examined through the given normalized velocity distributions provided in the NASA reports.
For these studies various turbulence models; k-ω SST, k-ω SST ɣ-Reϴ transitional, Lag EB k-ε (EBL) and V2F were used. As an alternative, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) is conducted on external flow domain to validate the flow field around the vane by comparing the HTC distributions with the other turbulence models. However, LES analysis did not give promising results. It is found that near the end of leading edge region, metal temperatures are significantly overpredicted when the effect of laminar to turbulent transition is not taken into account. In all of the turbulence models, EBL model has captured the laminar-to-turbulent transition and give the best results. Finally, when the platform solid added to the CFD model, the simulation results get close to the NASA results due to conduction.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of biomarkers predicting decompensation in patients with compensated cirrhosis
Authors: Gananandan Kohilan , Singh Rabiah , Mehta Gautam 
Published: August 2024

Background and aimsThe transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis is crucial, drastically reducing prognosis from a median survival of over 10 years to 2 years. There is currently an unmet need to accurately predict decompensation. We systematically reviewed and meta-analysed data regarding biomarker use to predict decompensation in individuals with compensated cirrhosis.MethodsPubMed and EMBASE database searches were conducted for all studies from inception until February 2024. The study was carried out according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The Quality of Prognosis Studies framework was used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analysis was conducted with a random effects model using STATA software.ResultsOf the 652 studies initially identified, 63 studies (n=31 438 patients) were included in the final review, examining 49 biomarkers. 25 studies (40%) were prospective with the majority of studies looking at all-cause decompensation (90%). The most well-studied biomarkers were platelets (n=17), Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (n=17) and albumin (n=16). A meta-analysis revealed elevated international normalised ratio was the strongest predictor of decompensation, followed by decreased albumin. However, high statistical heterogeneity was noted (l2result of 96.3%). Furthermore, 21 studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias (34%), 26 (41%) moderate risk and 16 (25%) high risk.ConclusionsThis review highlights key biomarkers that should potentially be incorporated into future scoring systems to predict decompensation. However, future biomarker studies should be conducted with rigorous and standardised methodology to ensure robust and comparable data.
Two-fractionated stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy for patients with prostate cancer (SMART PRO trial): protocol for a confirmatory clinical trial
Authors: Zenda Sadamoto , Kashihara Tairo , Saito Tetsuo , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Kadoya Noriyuki , Chiba Takahiro , Noda Shin-ei , Kawaguchi Takashi , Jingu Keiichi , Shibuya Keiko , Uno Takashi , Igaki Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn an MRI-guided linear accelerator (MR-LINAC) system, the planned doses for organs at risk and for tumours are assessed by MR imaging and re-contouring at every treatment. This allows treatment to be safer and more precise by ensuring that it is suitable for the state of the patient’s organs on that day, as well as by allowing images to be acquired during radiation therapy to prevent radiation while organs are in motion.Here, we will conduct a confirmatory study of two-fractionated stereotactic magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiation therapy for patients with localised prostate cancer.Methods and analysisThis will be a single-arm study to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of ultra-hypofractionated radiation (26 Gy/2 Fr) using an MR-LINAC system in patients with very low-intermediate risk prostate cancer.The primary endpoint will be the incidence of grade ≥2 acute urinary tract adverse events occurring within 90 days of the start of radiation therapy.The sample size has been determined to be 58.Ethics and disseminationThis study is performed in accordance with Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects, published by Japan’s Ministry of Education, Science and Technology and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and the modified act on the Protection of Personal Information as well as the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the National Cancer Center on 20 November 2021.The findings of this trial will be submitted to an international peer-reviewed journal and the key findings will be presented at an international scientific conference.Authorship will be ascribed in accordance with the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors guidance.Trial registration numberUMIN000049746.
Longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)-related healthcare: a province-based study
Authors: Kendzerska Tetyana , Povitz Marcus , Gershon Andrea S , Ryan Clodagh M , Talarico Robert , Saymeh Mouaz , Robillard Rebecca , Ayas Najib T , Pendharkar Sachin R 
Published: August 2024

RationaleFollowing marked reductions in sleep medicine care early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there is limited information about the recovery of these services. We explored long-term trends in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) health services and service backlogs during the pandemic compared with pre-pandemic levels in Ontario (the most populous province of Canada).MethodsIn this retrospective population-based study using Ontario (Canada) health administrative data on adults, we compared rates of polysomnograms (PSGs), outpatient visits and positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy purchase claims during the pandemic (March 2020 to December 2022) to pre-pandemic rates (2015–2019). We calculated projected rates using monthly seasonal time series auto-regressive integrated moving-average models based on similar periods in previous years. Service backlogs were estimated from the difference between projected and observed rates.ResultsCompared with historical data, all service rates decreased at first during March to May 2020 and subsequently increased. By December 2022, observed service rates per 100 000 persons remained lower than projected for PSGs (September to December 2022: 113 vs 141, 95% CI: 121 to 163) and PAP claims (September to December 2022: 50 vs 60, 95% CI: 51 to 70), and returned to projected for outpatient OSA visits. By December 2022, the service backlog was 193 078 PSGs (95% CI: 139 294 to 253 075) and 57 321 PAP claims (95% CI: 27 703 to 86 938).ConclusionAs of December 2022, there was a sustained reduction in OSA-related health services in Ontario, Canada. The resulting service backlog has likely worsened existing problems with underdiagnosis and undertreatment of OSA and supports the adoption of flexible care delivery models for OSA that include portable technologies.
Esophageal oxyhemoglobin saturation as a resuscitative metric in hemorrhagic shock
Authors: Garcia Mancebo Julia , Sack Kristen , Romfh Padraic , Peng Yifeng , Kheir John 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMixed venous saturation (SvO2) is considered the gold standard to assess the adequacy of tissue oxygen delivery (DO2) in shock states. However, SvO2 monitoring is challenging as it requires an invasive catheter and frequent blood sampling. Non-invasive methods, including near-infrared spectroscopy, have demonstrated low sensitivity to tissue dysoxia.MethodsWe fabricated a new device that uses resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) to quantify oxyhemoglobin saturation (ShbO2) in the esophagus (eShbO2), tongue (tShbO2), and liver (hShbO2). In two rat models of hemorrhagic shock, we quantified (1) The correlation of RRS-measured ShbO2 to SvO2 during progressive hemorrhage (n=20) and (2) The value of these metrics to predict near-term mortality in fixed, severe hemorrhage (mean blood pressure =25 mm Hg; n=18).ResultsIn model 1, eShbO2 (r=0.705, p<0.0001) and tShbO2 (r=0.724, p<0.0001) correlated well with SvO2 and with serum lactic acid (eShbO2-lactate r=0.708, p<0.0001; tShbO2-lactate r=0.830, p<0.0001). hShbO2 correlated poorly with both SvO2 and lactic acid. Using time-matched ShbO2-SvO2 pairs, the performance of ShbO2 to detect severe tissue hypoxia (SvO2<20%) was excellent (AUC 0.843 for eShbO2, 0.879 for tShbO2). In model 2, eShbO2 showed a maximized threshold of 40% with 83% of animals dying within 45 minutes of this cut-off, demonstrating accuracy as a monitoring device. This was similar for tShbO2, with a threshold of 50%, predicting death within 45 minutes in 76% of animals. ShbO2 showed superior sensitivity to invasive monitoring parameters, including MABP<30 mm Hg (sensitivity 59%), pulse pressure<15 mm Hg (sensitivity 50%), and heart rate>220 bpm (sensitivity 39%, p=0.004).ConclusionseShbO2 represents a new paradigm to assess the adequacy of DO2 to a tissue. It constitutes a promising monitoring method to evaluate tissue oxygen saturation in real time and non-invasively, correlating with SvO2 and time to death.Level of evidenceLevel III, therapeutic/care management.
Effectiveness of multimedia education on the childbearing intention in one-child women: a field trial study
Authors: Aghazadeh Nasrin , Jabbari Farooji Saber , Haghani Shima , Amini Leila 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
childbearing is a key component of population movements and sustainable development in low-fertility nations. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the impact of multimedia education on the childbearing intention in One-child women of Maragheh city.

Method
In this intervention study in Maragheh in 2023, 94 women with one child were randomly selected and placed in two intervention and control groups. Before the intervention, people were examined using demographic information and Miller’s questionnaire of desire to have children. Then, For the intervention group, three 60-minute multimedia training videos were shown in person for three weeks, and the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected using the researcher’s demographic questionnaire and Miller’s childbearing questionnaire in three stages before the intervention, immediately after and six weeks after the intervention. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 16 software.

Results
There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of the average score of desire to have children and demographic variables (p > 0.05). Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the demographic characteristics of the subjects and the average score of women’s willingness to have children in the positive and negative dimensions. While after the multimedia educational intervention, the average score of desire to have children in positive and negative dimensions, immediately after the intervention and six weeks after the intervention, had a significant difference compared to before the intervention (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The findings of the study showed that carrying out multimedia educational interventions to single-child women can have a positive effect on their desire to have children. It seems that the implementation of such programs is effective in the conscious decision of families to have children and ultimately increases the intention of the individual to carry out the behavior.

Trial registration
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20230227057549N1. Date of registration: 16/04/2023. URL: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir/.
Extracellular vesicle therapy in neurological disorders
Authors: Putthanbut Napasiri , Lee Jea Young , Borlongan Cesario V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are vital for cell-to-cell communication, transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in various physiological and pathological processes. They play crucial roles in immune modulation and tissue regeneration but are also involved in pathogenic conditions like inflammation and degenerative disorders. EVs have heterogeneous populations and cargo, with numerous subpopulations currently under investigations. EV therapy shows promise in stimulating tissue repair and serving as a drug delivery vehicle, offering advantages over cell therapy, such as ease of engineering and minimal risk of tumorigenesis. However, challenges remain, including inconsistent nomenclature, complex characterization, and underdeveloped large-scale production protocols. This review highlights the recent advances and significance of EVs heterogeneity, emphasizing the need for a better understanding of their roles in disease pathologies to develop tailored EV therapies for clinical applications in neurological disorders.Graphical abstract
Systematic review of phenotypes in McLeod syndrome and case report of a progressive supranuclear palsy in a female carrier
Authors: Braun Andreas Albert , Jung Hans Heinrich 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
We present a systematic review of phenotypes of McLeod syndrome (MLS) and a case of a 73-year-old female carrier of the genetic alteration leading to MLS with the typical progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) phenotype.

Methods
To facilitate clinical reasoning and enable targeted diagnosis, we conducted a systematic review of the papers describing symptomatic cases of confirmed McLeod syndrome. This review follows the PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews (Page et al in Syst Rev 10(1):89, 2021).

Results
The average onset of MLS was at 40.2 years of age with chorea (46%), seizures and psychiatric changes (each 13%). Very common are weakened Kell antigen (100%), changes in muscle biopsy (100%), genetic alterations in XK (100%), elevated creatine kinase (97%), acanthocytes (96%), MRI changes (95%), chorea (84%) and hyporeflexia (82%).

Conclusion
This review of 65 males and 11 females gives a concise overview of clinical phenotypes in MLS, reinforcing our view that this female patient had PSP independent of MLS carrier status. This report highlights the pitfalls of anchoring in medical decision-making, particularly the possible diagnostic bias of a known genetic carrier status of a very rare disease.