bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dysphagia before and after deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Silbergleit Alice K. , LeWitt Peter , Junn Fred , Schultz Lonni R. , Collins Denise , Beardsley Tausha , Hubert Meghan , Trosch Richard , Schwalb Jason M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough dysphagia is a common problem for many Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, the effect of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on swallowing is unclear. Fourteen subjects with advanced PD underwent videofluorographic swallowing studies prior to bilateral DBS of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and at 3 and 12 months postprocedure. They were tested under several stimulation and medication conditions. Subjects completed the Dysphagia Handicap Index at each time. There was a strong trend toward improved swallowing response for solid intake in the medication‐free condition with the stimulator on compared with the stimulator off (P = .0107). Also, there was a trend toward improved oral preparation of thin liquids (P = .0368) in the medication‐free condition when the stimulator was on versus off 12 months later. The remaining swallowing parameters showed no change or worsening of swallowing function regardless of stimulator or medication status. Results of the Dysphagia Handicap Index revealed significant improvement in subject self‐perception of swallowing 3 and 12 months following the procedure compared with baseline on the functional subscale (P = .020 and P = .010, respectively), the emotional subscale (P = .013 and P = .003, respectively), and the total score (P = .025 and P = .003, respectively). These data suggest that bilateral STN‐DBS does not substantively impair swallowing in PD. In addition, it may improve motor sequencing of the oropharyngeal swallow for solid consistencies (which are known to provide increased sensory feedback to assist motor planning of the oropharyngeal swallow). Subjects with advanced PD who are undergoing DBS may perceive significant improvement in swallowing ability despite the lack of objective improvements in swallowing function. © 2012 Movement Disorder Society
Germ line specific expression of a vasa homologue gene in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus): Evidence for vasa localization at cleavage furrows in euteleostei
Authors: Lin Fan , Xu Shihong , Ma Daoyuan , Xiao Zhizhong , Zhao Chunyan , Xiao Yongshuang , Chi Liang , Liu Qinghua , Li Jun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSpecification of primordial germ cells during early embryogenesis is a critical biological issue in reproduction and development. Yet, little is known in marine economic fish species. Vasa, a component of germ plasm, is the most‐documented germ cell marker in teleosts. We isolated a full‐length vasa cDNA (Smvas) from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a marine Euteleostei species, and investigated its expression patterns by RT‐PCR and in situ hybridization during embryogenesis and gametogenesis to identify the germ cell lineage in this species. The deduced amino acid sequence of the isolated cDNA shared typical characteristics of Vasa protein and high identity to Vasa homologues in medaka (76.9%) and zebrafish (68.5%). The Smvas transcripts were exclusively detected in germ cells of testis and ovary, and exhibited an interesting dynamic localization pattern during oogenesis. The distribution pattern of Smvas during embyogenesis in this Euteleostei closely resembled the pattern observed in zebrafish (belonging to Osteriophysans) rather than medaka (belonging to Euteleostei). Thus, it is concluded that Smvas isolated in this study is a germ cell specific molecular marker in turbot. Furthermore, we hypothesize that Euteleostei could localize vasa mRNA by a special mode. The results not only facilitate the germ cell manipulation of the turbot, but also improve our understanding of germline development and evolution of vasa localization in teleost. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 79: 803–813, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single‐Point Intrinsic Viscosity and Density Measurements for In‐Line MIMO Control Purposes of a Lumped‐Distributed Polymeric System
Authors: Vega Márcia P. , Bellumat Ernanda , Lima Enrique L. , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSimulation and experimental studies are carried out for peroxide‐initiated styrene solution polymerization in a lumped‐distributed reactor. Weight‐average molecular weight (intrinsic viscosity measurements) and conversion (density data) are the output signals, while the manipulated variables are jacket reactor temperature and feed modifier (tert‐dodecylmercaptan) concentration. A simple in‐line viscometrical method makes the in‐line control of weight‐average molecular weight in solution polymerization feasible, using independent conversion measurements from an in‐line densitometer. Successful closed‐loop servo and regulatory control results are obtained. magnified image
B‐spline collocation algorithm for numerical solution of the generalized Burger's‐Huxley equation
Authors: Mohammadi Reza 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe cubic B‐spline collocation scheme is implemented to find numerical solution of the generalized Burger's–Huxley equation. The scheme is based on the finite‐difference formulation for time integration and cubic B‐spline functions for space integration. Convergence of the scheme is discussed through standard convergence analysis. The proposed scheme is of second‐order convergent. The accuracy of the proposed method is demonstrated by four test problems. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the exact solutions. Results are compared with other results given in literature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Uncoupling evolutionary groundwater‐surface water flows using the Crank–Nicolson Leapfrog method
Authors: Kubacki Michaela 
Published: November 2012

AbstractConsider an incompressible fluid in a region Ωf flowing both ways across an interface into a porous media domain Ωp saturated with the same fluid. The physical processes in each domain have been well studied and are described by the Stokes equations in the fluid region and the Darcy equations in the porous media region. Taking the interfacial conditions into account produces a system with an exactly skew symmetric coupling. Spatial discretization by finite element method and time discretization by Crank–Nicolson LeapFrog give a second‐order partitioned method requiring only one Stokes and one Darcy subphysics and subdomain solver per time step for the fully evolutionary Stokes‐Darcy problem. Analysis of this method leads to a time step condition sufficient for stability and convergence. Numerical tests verify predicted rates of convergence; however, stability tests reveal the problem of growth of numerical noise in unstable modes in some cases. In such instances, the addition of time filters adds stability. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Regulation of the immune and inflammatory responses by the 'atypical' chemokine receptor D6
Authors: Graham Gerard J , Locati Massimo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractChemokines and their receptors are key regulators of leukocyte migration and intra‐tissue accumulation under both homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Regulation of chemokine‐dependent responses, particularly those relating to inflammation, is essential to avoid the development of inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies. Recently, a new subfamily of chemokine receptors referred to as the 'atypical' chemokine receptors has emerged, members of which have been shown to play important roles in controlling in vivo chemokine biology. Here we review the basic biology of the chemokine and chemokine receptor family, introduce the topic of 'atypical' chemokine receptor biology and focus specifically on the best‐characterized of the 'atypical' chemokine receptors, D6. D6 is a 'scavenging' receptor for inflammatory CC chemokines and plays a central role in the resolution of in vivo inflammatory responses. We describe the biology, biochemistry and pathological relevance of D6 and outline emerging data suggesting that it has additional important roles in integrating innate and adaptive immune responses.
Proximal tubular cells contain a phenotypically distinct, scattered cell population involved in tubular regeneration
Authors: Smeets Bart , Boor Peter , Dijkman Henry , Sharma Shagun V , Jirak Peggy , Mooren Fieke , Berger Katja , Bornemann Jörg , Gelman Irwin H , Floege Jürgen , van der Vlag Johan , Wetzels Jack FM , Moeller Marcus J 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRegeneration of injured tubular cells occurs after acute tubular necrosis primarily from intrinsic renal cells. This may occur from a pre‐existing intratubular stem/progenitor cell population or from any surviving proximal tubular cell. In this study, we characterize a CD24‐, CD133‐, and vimentin‐positive subpopulation of cells scattered throughout the proximal tubule in normal human kidney. Compared to adjacent ‘normal’ proximal tubular cells, these CD24‐positive cells contained less cytoplasm, fewer mitochondria, and no brush border. In addition, 49 marker proteins are described that are expressed within the proximal tubules in a similar scattered pattern. For eight of these markers, we confirmed co‐localization with CD24. In human biopsies of patients with acute tubular necrosis (ATN), the number of CD24‐positive tubular cells was increased. In both normal human kidneys and the ATN biopsies, around 85% of proliferating cells were CD24‐positive – indicating that this cell population participates in tubular regeneration. In healthy rat kidneys, the novel cell subpopulation was absent. However, upon unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the novel cell population was detected in significant amounts in the injured kidney. In summary, in human renal biopsies, the CD24‐positive cells represent tubular cells with a deviant phenotype, characterized by a distinct morphology and marker expression. After acute tubular injury, these cells become more numerous. In healthy rat kidneys, these cells are not detectable, whereas after UUO, they appeared de novo – arguing against the notion that these cells represent a pre‐existing progenitor cell population. Our data indicate rather that these cells represent transiently dedifferentiated tubular cells involved in regeneration. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fullerene‐based processable polymers as plausible acceptors in photovoltaic applications
Authors: Perrin Lara , Nourdine Ali , Planes Emilie , Carrot Christian , Alberola Nicole , Flandin Lionel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo develop n‐type processable polymeric materials for photovoltaic applications, a series of polymers was synthesized by grafting fullerene C60 onto polystyrene (PS). Grafted polymers were studied and compared with PS:fullerene blends. Electronical and electrical properties were first measured to define the minimal amount of C60 required for solar cells application. Then, thermal properties and rheological behavior of grafted polymers were analyzed to determine whether they could be processed from the melt. A throughout experimental study revealed that C60‐grafted polymers exhibit two thresholds. The first threshold at 3–4 vol % (detected by electrical conductivity, electron mobility, and melt viscosity measurements) is associated to the percolation of C60 molecules. The second threshold (evidenced by glass transition and melt viscosity measurements and confirmed by optical and atomic force micrograph observations) at about 12–13 vol % is assumed to be related to the formation of C60 aggregates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Dosage consistency is the key factor in avoiding evolution of resistance to phosphine and population increase in stored‐grain pests
Authors: Shi Mingren , Collins Patrick J , Ridsdill‐Smith T James , Emery Robert N , Renton Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDControl of pests in stored grain and the evolution of resistance to pesticides are serious problems worldwide. A stochastic individual‐based two‐locus model was used to investigate the impact of two important issues, the consistency of pesticide dosage through the storage facility and the immigration rate of the adult pest, on overall population control and avoidance of evolution of resistance to the fumigant phosphine in an important pest of stored grain, the lesser grain borer.RESULTSA very consistent dosage maintained good control for all immigration rates, while an inconsistent dosage failed to maintain control in all cases. At intermediate dosage consistency, immigration rate became a critical factor in whether control was maintained or resistance emerged.CONCLUSIONAchieving a consistent fumigant dosage is a key factor in avoiding evolution of resistance to phosphine and maintaining control of populations of stored‐grain pests; when the dosage achieved is very inconsistent, there is likely to be a problem regardless of immigration rate. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Polydopamine Spheres as Active Templates for Convenient Synthesis of Various Nanostructures
Authors: Yan Jian , Yang Liping , Lin Meng‐Fang , Ma Jan , Lu Xuehong , Lee Pooi See 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this work, monodisperse polydopamine (PDA) spheres with tunable diameters have been synthesized through a facile and low cost method using a deionized water and alcohol mixed solvent. The PDA spheres possess surface functional groups (–OH, –NH2), exhibiting an extraordinary versatile active nature. It is demonstrated that the PDA spheres could serve as an active template for the convenient synthesis of various nanostructures, e.g., MnO2 hollow spheres or PDA/Fe3O4 and PDA/Ag core/shell nanostructures. No surface modification or special treatment is required for the synthesis of these nanostructures, which makes the fabrication process simple and very convenient. The novel application of PDA/Fe3O4 spheres as fillers in nanocomposites for high‐performance capacitors is demonstrated, indicating a promising practicality. The PDA spheres provide a new general platform not only for the facile assembly of nanostructures but also a green synthetic template for practical applications.
Water‐Dispersible Fullerene Aggregates as a Targeted Anticancer Prodrug with both Chemo‐ and Photodynamic Therapeutic Actions
Authors: Fan Jianquan , Fang Gang , Zeng Fang , Wang Xiaodan , Wu Shuizhu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProdrug therapy is one strategy to deliver anticancer drugs in a less reactive manner to reduce nonspecific cytotoxicity. A new multifunctional anticancer prodrug system based on water‐dispersible fullerene (C60) aggregates is introduced; this prodrug system demonstrates active targeting, pH‐responsive chemotherapy, and photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) properties. Incorporating (via a cleavable bond) an anticancer drug, which is doxorubicin (DOX) in this study, and a targeting ligand (folic acid) onto fullerene while maintaining an overall size of approximately 135 nm produces a more specific anticancer prodrug. This prodrug can enter folate receptor (FR)‐positive cancer cells and kill the cells via intracellular release of the active drug form. Moreover, the fullerene aggregate carrier exhibits PDT action; the cytotoxicity of the system towards FR‐positive cancer cells is increased in response to light irradiation. As the DOX drug molecules are conjugated onto fullerene, the DOX fluorescence is significantly quenched by the strong electron‐accepting capability of fullerene. The fluorescence restores upon release from fullerene, so this fluorescence quenching–restoring feature can be used to track intracellular DOX release. The combined effect of chemotherapy and PDT increases the therapeutic efficacy of the DOX–fullerene aggregate prodrug. This study provides useful insights into designing and improving the applicability of fullerene for other targeted cancer prodrug systems.
Revealing Rotational Modes of Functionalized Gold Nanorods on Live Cell Membranes
Authors: Gu Yan , Sun Wei , Wang Gufeng , Zimmermann Michael T. , Jernigan Robert L. , Fang Ning 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA full understanding of cell mechanics requires knowledge of both translational and rotational dynamics. The single particle orientation and rotational tracking (SPORT) technique is combined here with correlation analysis to identify the fundamental rotational modes: in‐plane rotation and out‐of‐plane tilting, as well as other more complex rotational patterns, from the vast image data captured at a temporal resolution of 5 ms for single gold nanorod probes in live cell imaging experiments. The unique capabilities of visualizing and understanding rotational motions of functional nanoparticles on live cell membranes allow correlation of the rotational and translational dynamics in unprecedented detail and provide new insights into complex membrane processes. Particles with functionalized surfaces, which interact with the membrane in fundamentally different ways, can exhibit distinct rotational modes and are, for the first time, directly visualized, and these show the early events for membrane approach and attachment.
Transparent Nanowire Network Electrode for Textured Semiconductors
Authors: Gao Jinwei , Pei Ke , Sun Tianyi , Wang Yaohui , Zhang Linghai , Peng Weijin , Lin Qinggeng , Giersig Michael , Kempa Krzysztof , Ren Zhifeng , Wang Yang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work presents an inexpensive and easily manufacturable, highly conductive and transparent nanowire network electrode for textured semiconductors. It is based on lines of silver nanoparticles transformed into a nanowire network by microwave or furnace sintering. The nanonetwork electrode on crystalline silicon is demonstrated experimentally, with the nanoparticles self‐assembling in the valleys between the pyramids of the textured surface. Optical experiments show that this conductive nanowire network electrode can be essentially ‘invisible’ when covered with the conventional anti‐reflection coating (ARC), and thus could be employed in photovoltaic applications.
Features of Transport in Ultrathin Gold Nanowire Structures
Authors: Pud Sergii , Kisner Alexandre , Heggen Marc , Belaineh Dagmawi , Temirov Ruslan , Simon Ulrich , Offenhäusser Andreas , Mourzina Yulia , Vitusevich Svetlana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe origin of the interface formation appearing due to the realization of contacts to ultrathin gold nanowire devices is revealed. Such interfaces play an important role in transport mechanisms in nanowire structures and can determine the electrical and operating parameters of a nanodevice. Based on experimental results, the specific electrical properties of bundles of ultrathin gold nanowires fabricated by wet chemical synthesis and subsequently assembled and contacted with gold electrodes are reported. It is demonstrated that these properties are strongly affected by the monolayers of organic molecules inevitably present on the surface of the nanowires due to synthetic conditions. In particular, such layers form a potential barrier to tunneling of the electrons from contacts to the nanowires. The electric transport behavior of the investigated nanowire structures in the temperature range from 500 mK to 300 K obeys the model of thermal fluctuation‐induced tunneling conduction through the nanowire‐metal electrode molecular junction. Application of this model allows calculation of the parameters of the molecular potential barrier. The formation of such a molecular barrier is verified by scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements performed using a supporting graphene layer. These findings are important for designing novel nanodevices for molecular electronics on the basis of ultrathin nanowires.
Picture This: Visual Literacy as a Pathway to Character Understanding
Authors: Prior Lori Ann , Willson Angeli , Martinez Miriam 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe literary element of character is critical to literary meaning‐making, and in picturebooks images provide information important to understanding characters. This manuscript shares results of an investigation that explored the kinds of pictorial information young children use to gain insights into the characters and provide practical ways teachers can extend their own as well as children's engagement with visual text. Following read alouds of three picturebooks, second graders were shown pre‐selected illustrations from the books and interviewed. Insights gained suggest children are aware of important visual information and use certain types of visual information to understand character. Yet, many children were not attuned to several intentional visual devices used by illustrators. Therefore, teachers have important work to do in fostering children's visual literacy. Teachers must value, draw attention to, and explore illustrations and artistic devices illustrators utilize to facilitate visual literacy and character development.
Effective Approaches to Motivate and Engage Reluctant Boys in Literacy
Authors: Senn Nicole 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this article was to investigate the reasons why elementary‐aged boys often lack motivation in literacy and to provide teachers with useful approaches to engage reluctant boys in reading and writing. Following a comprehensive search of multiple university data base search engines, the author critically evaluated 21 peer‐reviewed sources written within the last ten years, as well as two sources from the last 14 years. Gender‐based brain research studies revealed to the author that differences in brain design and development create learning differences between males and females. Evidence from Qualitative and Mixed Method studies also led the author to find lack of confidence, interest level, and topic choice to be significant factors affecting a boy's motivation to read and/or write. Included in the article are strategy suggestions that teachers may implement in their classrooms to better engage boys in literacy.
Teaching Memoir in the Elementary School Classroom: A Genre Study Approach
Authors: Gibney Tara 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article describes how one teacher implemented a memoir genre study in her sixth grade classroom using a writing workshop approach. It begins by outlining the author's philosophy and rationale for teaching writing in this manner. This is followed by a discussion of how one could organize one's classroom for a memoir genre study. Several significant mini‐lessons are then described which focus on brainstorming, planning, developing effective titles, leads and conclusions, structuring a memoir texts, the use of the senses in memoir writing and strategies for revision. The aim of this article is to equip practitioners with the practical knowledge they need if they are seeking to implement a memoir genre study in their elementary school classroom.
Moment‐To‐Moment Emotions During Reading
Authors: Graesser Arthur C. , D'Mello Sidney 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMoment‐to‐moment emotions are affective states that dynamically change during reading and potentially influence comprehension. Researchers have recently identified these emotions and the emotion trajectories in reading, tutoring, and problem solving. The primary learning‐centered emotions are boredom, frustration, confusion, flow (engagement), delight, surprise, and anxiety. Emotion transitions occur when the text becomes too difficult or easy for the reader and when conceptual obstacles create cognitive disequilibrium. Teachers and computer environments have the potential to improve reading comprehension by detecting and strategically handling the readers’ boredom, frustration, and confusion. One frontier in reading research is to understand the complex dance between comprehension and emotions.