bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispensing of potentially teratogenic drugs before conception and during pregnancy: a population‐based study
Authors: Zomerdijk IM , Ruiter R , Houweling LMA , Herings RMC , Straus SMJM , Stricker BH 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo study the dispensing of potentially teratogenic drugs in the 12‐month period before as well as during pregnancy in the Netherlands.DesignPopulation‐based study.SettingA cohort was constructed using a linkage between the PHARMO Database Network and the Netherlands Perinatal Registry (PRN).PopulationA total of 203 962 Dutch pregnancies reported between 1999 and 2007MethodsDrug‐dispensing information was identified from the PHARMO Database Network for the 12‐month period before conception and during pregnancy. Drugs with either a Swedish FASS ‘D’ classification, an Australian ADEC or American FDA ‘D’ or ‘X’ classification were considered potentially teratogenic (n = 202).Mean outcome measuresProportion of pregnancies that received potentially teratogenic drugs in the 12‐month period before and during pregnancy and specific for the risk category X drugs and newly initiated drugs.ResultsSixteen percent of the pregnancies received a potentially teratogenic drug in the 12‐month period before and 5.07% during pregnancy. Doxycycline and paroxetine were most frequently received during pregnancy by 1.01% and 0.85% of women, respectively; 0.66% of the women received a risk category X drug during pregnancy which most frequently consisted of triptorelin (0.25%), norethisterone (0.22%) and simvastatin (0.03%). Fifty‐three percent of the women who received a potentially teratogenic drug during pregnancy received this for the first time during the study period. These percentages were heterogeneous between therapeutic drug classes.ConclusionsFive percent of the pregnancies received a potentially teratogenic drug during pregnancy and 0.66% received a drug from the risk category X. It may be possible to reduce these proportions when reasons for prescription have been explored.
Psychological distress, burnout level and job satisfaction in emergency medicine: A cross‐sectional study of physicians in China
Authors: Xiao Yunbei , Wang Jinguo , Chen Si , Wu Zhigang , Cai Jian , Weng Zhiliang , Li Chengdi , Zhang Xiaowei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundChinese physicians are not only facing heavy work overloads, but also abuse and injury because of patient mistrust of physicians. The primary objective of the present study was to measure psychological distress, burnout levels and job satisfaction among Chinese emergency physicians.MethodsAll the physicians from the EDs of three large general hospitals were recruited to undertake a questionnaire‐based survey from March to April 2012. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire were used. Correlations between job satisfaction and psychological distress and burnout were calculated using the Pearson correlation. An outcome was considered statistically significant if P < 0.05.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 205 (82.0%) physicians. The mean HADS anxiety subscale scores for the ED physicians and general population were 7.8 ± 3.4 and 4.7 ± 3.5, respectively (t = 1.526, P < 0.05). Additionally, the mean HADS depression subscale scores were 7.9 ± 3.6 and 4.7 ± 3.9, respectively (t = 1.567, P < 0.05). Fifty‐two (25.4%) exhibited high levels of career burnout. All aspects of job satisfaction were significantly lower in the ED physicians compared with a previous report (P < 0.05). Burnout was significantly negatively correlated with intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction in the sampled population.ConclusionPsychological distress is prevalent in this group of ED physicians, and it deserves attention from the whole society. Burnout and job satisfaction among ED physicians are at a ‘moderate’ level. Burnout is negatively associated with higher job satisfaction.
Coherences of Instrumental and Sensory Characteristics: Case Study on Cherry Tomatoes
Authors: Csambalik László , Divéky‐Ertsey Anna , Pap Zoltán , Orbán Csaba , Stégerné Máté Mónika , Gere Attila , Stefanovits‐Bányai Éva , Sipos László 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate 6 cherry tomato varieties in terms of morphological, instrumental, and sensory attributes. Hungarian cherry tomato landraces have not been investigated in comparison with new commercial varieties for these traits. Parameters investigated were water‐soluble antioxidant capacity (FRAP, DPPH, and TEAC), and total polyphenol, vitamin C, β‐carotene, lycopene, total soluble solids, and acid contents. Colorimetric measurements as well as sensory analyses were conducted. It was concluded that varied antioxidant assays should be used in parallel to overcome the selectivity of any 1 method. Total phenolic content significantly contributed to results of antioxidant assays for the investigated varieties. The sensory profiles of the 6 cherry tomato varieties have been created. The differences between the products based on the 18 attributes were analyzed by Tukey post hoc test. The biplot of the principal component analysis showed that the sensory panel could discriminate the samples along the principal components. No correlation was found between colorimetric data a* and b* measured from pulp and lycopene, but a negative connection of β‐carotene and hue was noted. Total polyphenol content showed correlations with colorimetric results, except for b*. The influence of tomato skin color on color perception is significant as in the present study instrumental data measured from pulp did not match that of the panelists evaluating intact fruit. Instrumental results of sugar content were supported by the ratings of the sensory panel.
Effect of Nicorandil in Patients with Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhao Fujie , Chaugai Sandip , Chen Peng , Wang Yan , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackground and purposeIt is unclear whether nicorandil, a metabolic therapeutic drug, can be applied clinically to therapy of heart failure (HF). This meta‐analysis evaluated therapeutic effects of nicorandil on HF patients.Experimental approachWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published studies evaluating effect of nicorandil on HF patients. Studies were stratified according to controlled versus uncontrolled designs and analyzed using random‐effects meta‐analysis models.Key resultsWe identified a total of 20 studies with a total of 1222 patients. In five randomized controlled studies, nicorandil treatment resulted in reduction in all‐cause mortality and hospitalization for cardiac causes (HR: 0.35, P < 0.001) and improved cardiac pump function (SMD: 0.31, P = 0.02). In 15 observational studies, nicorandil therapy increases cardiac pump function (SMD: 0.75, P < 0.001), improves NYHA functional class (WMD: −1.33, P < 0.001), decreases PCWP (WMD: −6.86 mm Hg, P < 0.001), and pulmonary arterial pressure (SMD: −0.84, P < 0.001).Conclusions and implicationsThe use of nicorandil in HF patients exerts substantial beneficial effects, suggesting that it may be an additional therapeutic agent for HF.
Rosuvastatin May Reduce the Incidence of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Receiving Percutaneous Coronary Intervention by Suppressing miR‐155/SHIP‐1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Xie Wenchao , Li Ping , Wang Zhengdong , Chen Jian , Lin Zhihai , Liang Xiangwen , Mo Yingxi 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPurposeThe beneficial effect of rosuvastatin against percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) related procedural myocardial injury has been determined mostly in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). However, the detailed therapeutic mechanism has not been well studied.MethodsPatients with ACS receiving PCI (n = 159) were randomized to control group (placebo treatment) or to rosuvastatin group (20 mg 12 h before PCI, and a further 20 mg 2 h preprocedure dose). Levels of INF‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐6, miR‐155/SHIP‐1, and CD4+FoxP3+Treg in peripheral blood were detected before PCI and 24 h after PCI. Clinical data of these patients were also collected in this prospective study.ResultsCompared with placebo, rosuvastatin treatment significantly reduced the incidence of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) and levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) associated with decreased relative expression of serum miR‐155, levels of inflammatory cytokines (INF‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐6), increased SHIP‐1 expression and CD4+FoxP3+Treg percentage values (P < 0.05). In addition, patients with rosuvastatin pretreatment also reduced incidence of 30 days major adverse cardiac events (MACE) compared to the patients with placebo treatment (16 patients vs. 28 patients, P = 0.038).ConclusionsOur study suggests that high loading dose rosuvastatin pretreatment may reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events and levels of inflammatory markers in patients with ACS receiving PCI, which may be explained at least in part, by mechanism involving suppression of miR‐155/SHIP‐1 signaling pathway.
Comparison of osteotomy versus non‐osteotomy approach for congenital scoliosis: a retrospective study of three surgical techniques
Authors: Li Shenghua , Ou Yunsheng , Liu Bo , Zhu Yong , Quan Zhengxue , Jiang Dianming 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there are many reports about congenital scoliosis (CS) treatment, but there are still controversies existing with respect to selecting its surgical methods.MethodsRetrospective analyses were conducted on 31 CS patients. The surgical treatments included the following: posterior instrumentation (10 patients; group 1), pedicle subtraction osteotomy (11 patients; group 2) and vertebral column resection (10 patients; group 3).ResultsAll patients had remarkable improvements in morphology, image findings, visual analogue scale and American Spinal Injury Association classification. Groups 2 and 3 had greater preoperative sagittal Cobb's angle (25.0, 62.2 and 9.2°, respectively), greater intra‐operative blood loss (604.5, 620.0 and 460.0 mL, respectively) and fewer fused segments (5.8, 6.3 and 9.2, respectively) than group 1. As compared with group 1, groups 2 and 3 had greater correction rate of coronal Cobb's angle (79.6 ± 12.8, 78.2 ± 10.1% versus 56.1 ± 11.1%), and coronal trunk inclination (77.6 ± 14.2, 85.2 ± 11.0% versus 45.0 ± 42.5%). The sagittal Cobb's angle correction rates of three groups were 67.7 ± 42.9, 79.3 ± 27.6, 84.3 ± 12.1%, respectively, which showed no significant difference (P = 0.461). With an average follow‐up of 3.5, 3.2 and 4.0 years, the correction loss rate of coronal Cobb's angle in group 1 was higher than those of groups 2 and 3.ConclusionFor CS patients, osteotomy procedure had less fused segments, along with a greater correction rate and lower correction loss, which were more advantageous for those with severe deformity in sagittal plane or nerve decompression requirements.
Quantitative efficacy of soy isoflavones on menopausal hot flashes
Authors: Li Lujin , Lv Yinghua , Xu Ling , Zheng Qingshan 
Published: October 2014

AimThis study aimed to quantitate the efficacy of soy isoflavones in the treatment of menopausal hot flashes.MethodsModel based meta‐analysis (MBMA) was used to quantitate the efficacy of soy isoflavones. We conducted a systemic literature search to build a time–effect model for placebo and soy isoflavones in treating menopausal hot flashes. Studies were identified, subjected to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed.ResultsFrom 55 articles, 16 studies of soy isoflavones met the inclusion criteria, and contained 65 and 66 mean effect values in placebo and soy isoflavone groups, respectively, from about 1710 subjects. Interestingly, the developed model was found to describe adequately the time course of hot flashes reduction after administration of placebo and soy isoflavones. Using this model, we found that the maximal percentage change of hot flashes reduction by soy isoflavones was 25.2% after elimination of the placebo effect, accounting for 57% of the maximum effects of estradiol (Emax‐estradiol = 44.9%). However, a time interval of 13.4 weeks was needed for soy isoflavones to achieve half of its maximal effects, much longer than estradiol, which only required 3.09 weeks. These results suggest that treatment intervals of 12 weeks are too short for soy isoflavones, which require at least 48 weeks to achieve 80% of their maximum effects.ConclusionsSoy isoflavones show slight and slow effects in attenuating menopausal hot flashes compared with estradiol.
A Joint Model for Multistate Disease Processes and Random Informative Observation Times, with Applications to Electronic Medical Records Data
Authors: Lange Jane M. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Inoue Lurdes Y. T. , Minin Vladimir N. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMultistate models are used to characterize individuals’ natural histories through diseases with discrete states. Observational data resources based on electronic medical records pose new opportunities for studying such diseases. However, these data consist of observations of the process at discrete sampling times, which may either be pre-scheduled and non-informative, or symptom-driven and informative about an individual's underlying disease status. We have developed a novel joint observation and disease transition model for this setting. The disease process is modeled according to a latent continuous-time Markov chain; and the observation process, according to a Markov-modulated Poisson process with observation rates that depend on the individual's underlying disease status. The disease process is observed at a combination of informative and non-informative sampling times, with possible misclassification error. We demonstrate that the model is computationally tractable and devise an expectation-maximization algorithm for parameter estimation. Using simulated data, we show how estimates from our joint observation and disease transition model lead to less biased and more precise estimates of the disease rate parameters. We apply the model to a study of secondary breast cancer events, utilizing mammography and biopsy records from a sample of women with a history of primary breast cancer.
Papier‐mach(in)e: Thinking with “sticky”paper in the cloud
Authors: Enriquez‐Gibson Judith 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere is nothing less about paper and its use when it comes to academic study as we experience increasingly converging media spaces and functionalities of online applications within the screens of our laptops, mobile phones and tablet devices. The paper persists, and the paperless office, classroom and pedagogy become nothing but pure rhetoric. Hence, it is most pertinent to focus on paper and its “stickiness” in maintaining educational structures and practices. Usually hidden from view or neglected in educational technology studies is a consideration on how we think and interact not only with our mind but also with our heads and limbs. This paper will argue that paper has a composite place or bearing, a kind of stickiness to our technologised bodies, digital mobilities and hybrid practices in what I have coined here aspapier‐mach(in)e. This claim will be supported by evidence that demonstrates how we simply think both practically and pathically and that our mobilities in media and physical spaces are in one form or another meshed with paper. In fact, a drive towards a paperless classroom or pedagogy is without much foundation when it comes to mobilising a sustainable agenda for technology‐enhanced learning.
Increasing performance by differentiated teaching? Experimental evidence of the student benefits of digital differentiation
Authors: Haelermans Carla , Ghysels Joris , Prince Fernao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the effect of digital differentiation on student performance using a randomized experiment. The experiment is conducted in a second year biology class among 115 prevocational students in the Netherlands. Differentiation allowed students in the treatment group to work at three different levels. The results show that there is a significant effect of digital differentiation on the posttest score. This effect is robust to adding covariates such as students' ability, grade repetition, age, gender, class and average neighborhood income. There are no differential effects when dividing students in three groups, by ability. The results imply that differentiation in large classrooms is possible and beneficial for all students, once done digitally.
The scale for the self‐efficacy and perceptions in the safe use of the Internet for teachers: The validity and reliability studies
Authors: Cavus Nadire , Ercag Erinc 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThere has been an increase in the vulnerability in Internet security, and the unconscious usage of the Internet is a very important issue throughout the world as it is in Cyprus today. The best way to solve such an issue would be to make people aware of this situation. Based on this idea, teachers should firstly be trained to use the Internet in a safe and conscious manner so to be able to aid their students and the student's parents in the correct and safe usage of the Internet. The aim of this study is to determine teachers' self‐efficacy and perceptions in safer use of the Internet so to be able to identify and develop a multidimensional tool, which is both valid and reliable, and can be therefore used in other scientific studies as well. Through a confirmatory factor analysis, the “Scale for the Self‐Efficacy and Perceptions in the Safe Use of the Internet for Teachers” was validated in four dimensions: “Security in Social Networking Sites,” “Malicious Software,” “Web Security & Social Engineering” and “Computer Security,” The scale developed has the characteristics of being the first of its kind in a developing country such as Cyprus. According to the results of the study, the scale in terms of validity and reliability was found to be appropriate in all aspects of the necessary criteria. As a result, the developed scale could help or be used by teachers, in Cyprus and in other countries, to be able to access the Internet safely and aid them in other scientific areas of study in determining teachers' self‐efficacy.
Internal structure of virtual communications in communities of inquiry in higher education: Phases, evolution and participants' satisfaction
Authors: Gutierrez‐Santiuste Elba , Gallego‐Arrufat Maria‐Jesus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the phases of development of synchronous and asynchronous virtual communication produced in a community of inquiry (CoI) by analyzing the internal structure of each intervention in the forum and each chat session to determine the evolution of their social, cognitive and teaching character. It also analyzes the participating higher education students' satisfaction with the activities, with the professors' actions, and with themselves. We use a mixed methodology that includes content analysis of the virtual communications by crossing two categorization systems: (1) type of communication according to the model adopted from Garrison, Anderson and Archer (social, cognitive and teaching presence) and (2) phases in the evolution of the communication (initiation, proposal, development, opinion/closing and good‐byes). The data are relevant to the students' satisfaction and grades earned. The results suggest differences in the quantity and content of the communication in each phase and an evolution from social to cognitive elements, ending with social contributions. The students are satisfied with the virtual communications related to both the activities and the professors and evaluate themselves positively.
Barriers to blended digital distance vocational learning for non‐traditional students
Authors: Safford Kimberly , Stinton Julia 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis research identifies and examines the challenges of blending digital distance and vocational learning for non‐traditional and low‐socio‐economic status students who are new to university education. A survey of students in vocational primary education and early years qualifications in a distance university is illuminated by interviews with individual students and video diaries recorded by them during module study. Barriers to study include where and when to go online, finding support for digital study, navigating virtual learning environments and knowing what is relevant, variable or no technologies in the workplace, making connections between workplace technologies and ICT for study, and storing and organising digital information. As university education goes increasingly online, the research aims to improve institutional awareness and provision for widening participation. The research findings suggest practical changes to ameliorate experiences of digital distance vocational learning and by these means to improve student retention, progression and completion.
Sjögren Syndrome‐associated lymphomas: an update on pathogenesis and management
Authors: Nocturne Gaetane , Mariette Xavier 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPrimary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. Lymphomas complicating pSS are mostly low‐grade B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, predominantly of marginal zone histological type. Mucosal localization is predominant, notably mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Lymphomas often develop in organs where pSS is active, such as salivary glands. Germinal centre (GC)‐like structures, high TNFSF13B (BAFF) and Flt3‐ligand (FLT3LG) levels and genetic impairment of TNFAIP3 are new predictors of lymphoma development. These new findings allow a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to lymphoma. We propose the following scenario: auto‐immune B cells with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity are continuously stimulated by immune complexes containing antibodies against more specific auto‐antigens, such as SSA/Ro, SSB/La or others. Germline abnormality of TNFAIP3 leads to a decreased control of the NF‐kB pathway and thus promotes survival of B cells and oncogenic mutations especially in GC structure. Moreover, B cells are stimulated by a positive loop of activation induced by BAFF secretion. Thus, lymphomagenesis associated with pSS exemplifies the development of antigen‐driven B‐cell lymphoma. The control of disease activity by a well‐targeted immunosuppressor is the primary objective of the management of the patient in order to repress chronic B cell stimulation.