bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGRICULTURAL/URBAN/ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SHARING IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES: CAN ENGINEERS ENGAGE SOCIAL SCIENCE FOR SUCCESSFUL SOLUTIONS?
Authors: Smith Marylou M. , Smith Stephen W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThroughout the world, demand exceeds supply when it comes to water for agriculture, urban needs and a healthy environment. In the western United States water is being permanently transferred from agriculture, putting food security and the viability of rural communities at risk. The authors of this paper are separately and jointly involved in projects and studies to determine how water might be shared between agricultural, urban, and environmental sectors in ways that effectively stretch supplies, with benefits to all.Engineering solutions will be necessary. But legal and institutional changes and alternative approaches to achieve economic and other social benefits, must be addressed as well. Stakeholders from all sectors must be fully engaged at all levels.The authors present a water‐sharing model under development in the South Platte River Basin of Colorado in the western United States. They discuss the convening in 2010 of western United States water leaders from agricultural, urban, and environmental sectors to develop recommendations for western governors for overcoming obstacles to multi‐sector water sharing. The authors draw from examples provided by international academics and practitioners to show that our greatest challenge in this water balance puzzle is not technological but sociological. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In vivo evaluation of resorbable bone graft substitutes in beagles: Histological properties
Authors: Shih Tsai‐Chin , Teng Nai‐Chia , Wang Peter‐D. , Lin Che‐Tong , Yang Jen‐Chang , Fong Sheng‐Wei , Lin Hsi‐Kuei , Chang Wei‐Jen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCalcium phosphate cement (CPC) is a promising material for use in minimally invasive surgery for bone defect repairs due to its bone‐like apatitic final setting product, biocompatibility, bioactivity, self‐setting characteristics, low setting temperature, adequate stiffness, and easy shaping into complicated geometrics. However, even though CPC is stable in vivo, the resorption rate of this bone cement is very slow and its long setting time poses difficulties for clinical use. Calcium sulfate dehydrate (CSD) has been used as a filler material and/or as a replacement for cancellous bone grafts due to its biocompatibility. However, it is resorbed too quickly to be optimal for bone regeneration. This study examines the invivo response of a hydroxyapatite (HA), [apatitic phase (AP)]/calcium sulfate (CSD) composite using different ratios in the mandibular premolar sockets of beagles. The HA (AP)/CSD composite materials were prepared in the ratios of 30/70, 50/50, and 70/30 and then implanted into the mandibular premolar sockets for terms of 5 and 10 weeks. The control socket was left empty. The study shows better new bone morphology and more new bone area in the histological and the histomorphometric study of the HA (AP)/CSD in the 50/50 ratio. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Icariside II Reduces Testosterone Production by Inducing Necrosis in Rat Leydig Cells
Authors: Liu Jinwen , Li Weixuan , Piao Xiaoyu , Zhang Junwen , Zhang Dongzhi , Wei Ning , Hu Defu , Liu Shuqiang 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study demonstrates that Icariside II (10, 20, and 40 µM) reduced Leydig cell testosterone production and cell viability in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining indicated that no morphological changes in Leydig cell nuclear chromatin occurred, caspase‐3 expression also showed no significant change, but cell death was caused by the 10‐µM Icariside II treatment. Furthermore, a significant reduction in NAD+ levels was observed following Icariside II exposure (10, 20, and 40 µM). Cell death was avoided when Icariside II treated cells were incubated with extracellular NAD+ (5 and 10 mM). Moreover, the addition of NAD+ (5 and 10 mM) could restore ATP production and prevent cell death. The results suggest that Icariside II can reduce testosterone production by inducing necrosis, but not apoptosis, in rat Leydig cells. This mechanism may also account for the Icariside II induced depletion of NAD+ and ATP levels. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:243‐250, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21481
RING finger protein 10 regulates retinoic acid‐induced neuronal differentiation and the cell cycle exit of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells
Authors: Malik Yousra S. , Sheikh Muhammad A. , Lai Mingming , Cao Rangjuan , Zhu Xiaojuan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRnf10 is a member of the RING finger protein family. Recently, a number of RING finger proteins were reported to be involved in neuronal differentiation, development, and proliferation. In this study, we observed that the mRNA levels and protein expression of Rnf10 increase significantly upon the retinoic acid‐induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Knockdown of Rnf10 by RNA interference significantly impaired neuronal differentiation of P19 cells by attenuating the expression of neuronal markers. Cell cycle profiling revealed that Rnf10‐depleted cells were unable to establish cell cycle arrest after RA treatment. In agreement with flow cytometry analysis, increased cell proliferation was observed after RA induction in Rnf10 knockdown cells as determined by a BrdU incorporation assay. Moreover, like Rnf10, the mRNA levels and protein expression of p21 and p27 also increased upon RA induction. Rnf10 knockdown only resulted in a reduction of p21 expression, while p27 and p57 expression remained unchanged, indicating that Rnf10 may regulate cell cycle exit through the p21 pathway. Ectopic p21 expression partially rescued the effect of Rnf10 depletion on the neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. Collectively, these results showed that increase in Rnf10 expression upon RA induction is necessary for the positive regulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 expression, which leads to cell cycle arrest and is critical for neuronal differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2007–2015, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virtual bioreactor cultivation for operator training and simulation: application to ethanol and protein production
Authors: Gerlach Inga , Hass Volker C. , Brüning Simone , Mandenius Carl‐Fredrik 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDuring recent years several computer‐based operator training simulators (OTS) have been developed that are suitable for the virtual training of operators and other professionals. In the field of bioprocess engineering OTS are rarely used. Furthermore, the effects of using training simulators in bioprocess applications have not been evaluated.RESULTSThe OTS BioProcessTrainer was applied to bioreactor operations for two biological processes, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, for ethanol production, and recombinant Escherichia coli, for production of green fluorescence protein (GFP). The simulator used a multi‐shell model platform that described the biological and physical conditions of the bioreactor for the two bioprocess systems. The simulator enabled the user to plan, operate and control the processes in real or accelerated time. The training resulted in improved ability to manage the whole bioreactor procedure for the two processes.CONCLUSIONThe study showed that the simulator can be an efficient tool for training of operation, optimization and control of bioprocesses. The mathematical model framework of the simulator can be adapted to a variety of industrial bioprocesses. Thus, it appears likely that this type of OTS may serve as a useful resource in industry for training and continuing education of plant operators and engineers. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
A pH‐responsive drug release system based on doxorubicin conjugated amphiphilic polymer coated quantum dots for tumor cell targeting and tracking
Authors: Yang Bohan , Li Yapeng , Sun Xiaoran , Meng Xinlei , Chen Peng , Liu Nian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDA tumor‐targeted and pH‐responsive drug release system based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dodecylamine (DDA)‐modified poly itaconic acid (PIA) with doxorubicin (DOX) and quantum dots (QDs) (PIA‐PEG‐DDA‐DOX@QDs) has been constructed successfully. These nanocomposites with outstanding capabilities were further designed to target liver cancer cells with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) overexpressed.RESULTSThe nanoparticles constructed were spherical and monodispersed with very small diameter. The cumulative release rates of DOX conjugates were studied at pH 5.5 and pH 7.4, and the release behavior at pH 5.5 fit the first‐order kinetics model, Q=46.5991 –45.2394e‐0.24355t for PIA‐PEG‐DDA‐DOX and Q=46.7094–38.5588e‐0.20123t for PIA‐PEG‐DDA‐DOX@QDs. The nanoparticles show low cytotoxicity at pH 7.4 and high cytotoxicity at pH 5.5 in cell viability studies. In the intracellular localization observation, the targeting molecule anti‐VEGF conjugated NPs exhibited efficient receptor‐mediated endocytosis in anti‐VEGF receptor‐overexpressing cancer cells, compared with nontargeted nanoparticles.CONCLUSIONSThe targeting imaging and pH‐responsive drug release system could target the tumor cells and fluoresce quantum dots sensitively due to the conjugation of VEGF, and enabled pH‐controlled‐activation of the DOX. The water soluble conjugates have the potential of becoming a promising diagnostic tool in clinical application for cancer detection and treatment. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
High magnitude and rapid incision from river capture: Rhine River, Switzerland
Authors: Yanites Brian J. , Ehlers Todd A. , Becker Jens K. , Schnellmann Michael , Heuberger Stefan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLandscape evolution is controlled by the development and organization of drainage basins. As a landscape evolves, drainage reorganization events can occur via river capture or piracy, whereby one river basin grows at the expense of another. The river downstream of a capture location will generate a transient topographic response as the added water discharge increases sediment transport and erosion efficiency. This erosional response will propagate upstream through both the captured and original river basins. Here we focus on quantifying the impact of drainage reorganization along the Rhine/Aare River system (~45,000 km2) during the late Pliocene/early Pleistocene, where gravel remnants indicate total incision of ~650 m during the last ~4.2 Myr in the region of the recent Aare‐Rhine confluence. We develop a numerical model of drainage capture to quantify the range of possible magnitudes of erosion and the transient river response resulting from the reorganization of the Rhine River. The model accounts for both fluvial incision and sediment transport. Our model estimates 400–800 m of river elevation change (lowering profiles) during the last ~4 Myr due to river capture events, providing an important component to the recent exhumation budget of the Swiss Alpine Foreland. The model indicates a rapid response to capture events (re‐equilibration timescale of ~1 Myr). The predicted incision magnitudes are consistent with incision measured from the elevation of Pliocene and early Pleistocene river gravels, suggesting that across northern Switzerland, a significant amount of incision can be explained by drainage reorganization.
Incidence of cholinesterase inhibitor therapy initiation among hospitalized patients
Authors: Swan Joshua T. , Wagle Kamal C. , Thompson‐Moore Nathaniel , Taffet George E. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDInitiation of cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) therapy for delirium during hospitalization is ineffective and may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality.OBJECTIVETo describe the incidence of initiating ChEI therapy during hospitalization.DESIGNA retrospective cross‐sectional study.SETTINGA tertiary‐care academic medical center.PATIENTSInpatient admissions from September 2010 through March 2011 with ChEI administration.INTERVENTIONNone.MEASUREMENTSIncidence of ChEI exposure, initiation of ChEI therapy, initiation of antipsychotics and benzodiazepines, infection, in‐hospital mortality, and hospital length of stay.RESULTSThe incidence of adult admissions with ChEI exposure and ChEI initiation was 23.2 (95% confidence interval: 21.2–25.4) and 2 (95% confidence interval 1.5‐2.8) per 1000 admissions, respectively. Of 476 admissions receiving ChEI, 9% (n = 42) initiated therapy during the hospital stay and 91% (n = 434) continued on previously started therapy. Patients initiated on ChEI therapy frequently had infection (20 of 42) and were commonly initiated on antipsychotics (14 of 42) and benzodiazepines (13 of 42). Patients were hospitalized for a median of 2 days (interquartile range, 1–4) before initiation of ChEI and were exposed to therapy for a median of 3 days (interquartile range, 2–6). Of the 41 patients discharged from the hospital, 90% (n = 37) had orders to continue the ChEI postdischarge.CONCLUSIONSDespite a lack of evidence to support the practice, 9% of patients who received ChEI therapy were initiated during the inpatient setting. These patients were not routinely screened for delirium and frequently received treatments associated with delirium. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:304–308. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Clinical and technical considerations for high quality breast MRI at 3 tesla
Authors: Rahbar Habib , Partridge Savannah C. , DeMartini Wendy B. , Thursten Bonnie , Lehman Constance D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe use of breast MRI at 3 tesla (T) has increased in use substantially in recent years. Potential benefits of moving to higher field strength MRI include improved morphologic and kinetic assessment of breast lesions through higher spatial and temporal resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR examinations. Furthermore, higher field strength holds promise for the development of superior advanced breast MRI techniques, such as diffusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy. To fully realize the benefits of moving to 3T, a thorough understanding of the technical and safety challenges of higher field strength imaging specific to breast MRI is paramount. Through the use of advanced coil technology, parallel imaging, dual‐source parallel radiofrequency excitation, and image‐based shimming techniques, many of these limiting technical factors can be overcome to achieve high quality breast MRI at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:778–790. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pretherapeutic MRI for decision‐making regarding selective neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy for rectal carcinoma: Interim analysis of a multicentric prospective observational study
Authors: Ptok Henry , Ruppert Reinhard , Stassburg Joachim , Maurer Christoph Andreas , Oberholzer Katja , Junginger Theodor , Merkel Susanne , Hermanek Paul 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurpose:To study the accuracy of different cutoffs for an involved circumferential resection margin (CRM) compared with T and N categories measured by MRI as basis for selective application of neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (nRCT) in rectal carcinoma.Materials and Methods:In a prospective multicenter observational study involving 153 primarily operated patients, the preoperative results of MRI with pathohistological findings of resected specimens were compared.Results:For a cutoff of ≤1 mm for involvement of the CRM, the accuracy of preoperative MRI was 90.9% (139/153). The negative predictive value was 98.5% (134/136). The four participating departments did not differ significantly. For a cutoff of >2 mm and >5 mm, the rates of false‐positive findings increased significantly from 5% to 12% and 35% with a decrease in accuracy to 82% and 62%, respectively. In contrast, the accuracy in predicting T (69.3%) and N categories (61.4%) was much lower.Conclusion:The indication for nRCT should be based on the determination of the minimal distance of the tumor from mesorectal fascia with a cutoff point of >1 mm as measured by MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1122–1128. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictive value of apparent diffusion coefficient in evaluation of colorectal carcinoma hepatic metastases' response to radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Szurowska Edyta , Nowicki Tomasz K. , Izycka‐Swieszewska Ewa , Zadrozny Dariusz , Markiet Karolina , Studniarek Michal 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo establish the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) suitability to evaluate the radiofrequency ablation (RFA) outcome in patients with chemotherapy resistant or partially responding colorectal adenocarcinoma liver metastases.Materials and MethodsA total of 56 patients with 116 metastatic foci over 10 mm in diameter were examined with 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner 1 day before percutaneous RFA treatment. Lesions were evaluated in echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted images with b = 0, 15 and 500 s/mm2. On basis of computed tomography scan at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months after RFA and serum CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) level lesion were recognized as responding or nonresponding lesions. ADC values for b = 0–15 and 0–500 s/mm2 of responding and nonresponding lesions were compared.ResultsNoncomplete ablation concerned 28 lesions. Mean pretreatment ADC values for b = 0–15 and 0–500 s/mm2 of responding metastases were significantly lower (2.14 and 1.48 × 10−3 mm2/s) than those of nonresponding tumors (2.7 and 1.74 × 10−3 mm2/s). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ADC values for b = 0–15 s/mm2 were 79 (95%CI = 59–92), 85 (95%CI = 76–92), 84%; and for b = 0–500 s/mm2, the efficacy parameters were, respectively, 78 (95%CI = 56–92), 78 (95%CI = 67–86), and 78%. The P value was under 0.001 for both b parameters.ConclusionThe pretreatment ADCs values of chemotherapy resistant or partially responding colorectal adenocarcinoma liver metastatic lesion can be predictive factor of tumors response to RFA therapy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1027–1032. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Life‐long aerobic exercise preserved baseline cerebral blood flow but reduced vascular reactivity to CO2
Authors: Thomas Binu P. , Yezhuvath Uma S. , Tseng Benjamin Y. , Liu Peiying , Levine Benjamin D. , Zhang Rong , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: March 2013

PurposeTo examine the potential benefits of life‐long aerobic exercise on brain health, in particular cerebrovascular function.Materials and MethodsTen Masters athletes (MA) (seven males, three females; 74.5 ± 5.8 years) and 10 sedentary elderly individuals (SE) (eight males, two females; 75.4 ± 5.6 years) were recruited and baseline cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 were measured on a 3T MRI scanner. Nine sedentary young subjects were also recruited to serve as a control group to verify the age effect.ResultsWhen compared to the SE group, MA showed higher CBF in posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, which are key regions of the default‐mode‐network and are known to be highly sensitive to age and dementia. CVR in the MA brains were paradoxically lower than that in SE. This effect was present throughout the brain. Within the MA group, individuals with higher VO2max had an even lower CVR, suggesting a dose–response relationship.ConclusionLife‐long aerobic exercise preserved blood supply in the brain's default‐mode‐network against age‐related degradation. On the other hand, its impact on the cerebral vascular system seems to be characterized by a dampening of CO2 reactivity, possibly because of desensitization effects due to a higher lifetime exposure. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:1177–1183. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robotic‐assisted FAMM flap for soft palate reconstruction
Authors: Bonawitz Steven C. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothoses:TORS (Trans Oral Robotic Surgery) has been demonstrated to be an acceptable alternative to chemoradiation for the treatment of early stage malignant lesions of the oropharynx, with equivalent tumor control and enhanced functional outcomes. Surgical ablation of tumors of the oropharynx under conditions of limited access, however, creates the need to adapt the robotic platform to surgical reconstruction and to assess reconstructive outcomes. We present our experience with the Facial Artery Musculomucosal (FAMM) flap with robotic assistance for the reconstruction of defects of the soft palate.Methods:We reviewed the records of five patients who underwent combined robot‐assisted resection of malignant lesions of the oropharynx with immediate reconstruction. The reconstructions included four ispilateral and one bilateral FAMM flaps. Patients were assessed for complications and functional results.Results:Successful closure of the defect was achieved in all five patients. There were no major complications; however, three patients developed minor wound dehiscence and two were revised at the time of planned subsequent lymphadenectomy. All five patients achieved a good functional outcome.Conclusions:The FAMM flap is reliable and easy to raise and transfer, with the surgical robot making it a good candidate for reconstruction of moderate‐sized defects created by TORS applied to malignancies of the soft palate. Minor wound dehiscence is not infrequent, but reconstructive outcomes are nevertheless good. A unilateral FAMM flap will reach to the contralateral border of the uvula and is best limited to defects with a width of 2 cm or less.
Use of lean sigma principles in a tertiary care otolaryngology clinic to improve efficiency
Authors: Lin Sandra Y. , Gavney Dean , Ishman Stacey L. , Cady‐Reh Julie 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo apply Lean Sigma, a quality‐improvement strategy supported by tactical tools to eliminate waste and reduce variation, to improve efficiency of patient flow in a large tertiary otolaryngology clinic. The project goals were to decrease overall lead time from patient arrival to start of interaction with care provider, improve on‐time starts of patient visits, and decrease excess staff/patient motion.Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsPatient flow was mapped through the clinic, including preregistration processes. A time‐stamp observation study was performed on 188 patient visits over 5 days. Using Lean Sigma principles, time stamps were analyzed to identify patient flow constraints and areas for potential interventions. Interventions were evaluated and adjusted based on feedback from shareholders: removal of bottlenecks in clinic flow, elimination of non–value added registration staff tasks, and alignment of staff hours to accommodate times of high patient census. A postintervention time observation study of 141 patients was performed 5 months later.ResultsPatient lead time from clinic arrival to exam start time decreased by 12.2% on average (P = .042). On‐time starts for patient exams improved by 34% (χ2 = 16.091, P < .001). Excess patient motion was reduced by 74 feet per patient, which represents a 34% reduction in motion per visit.ConclusionsUse of Lean Sigma principles in a large tertiary otolaryngology clinic led to decreased patient wait time and significant improvements in on‐time patient exam start time. Process mapping, engagement of leadership and staff, and elimination of non–value added steps or processes were key to improvement.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2643–2648, 2013