bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide attempts and correlates among in-school adolescents in Benin City, Nigeria
Authors: Jegede T. O. , Jegede T. O. , Omoaregba J. O. , Arigbede O. O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe aim to add to the literature on suicidality in Africa by estimating the prevalence and exploring the behavioural correlates of suicide attempts among in-school adolescents in Benin City, Nigeria. Utilising a cross-sectional design, participants were a random, stratified sample of students who filled out questionnaires to identify various determinants of suicidal attempts among adolescents between the ages of 10 and 19. We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine associations between suicide attempts and other variables. A total of 725 adolescents completed the instruments. Over 13.5% reported suicidal ideation, and approximately 10.5% reported that they had attempted suicide in the last year. At the multivariate level, adolescents who attempted suicide had significantly greater odds of being anxious, lonely, or victims of bullying behaviour. Individuals experiencing persistently sad moods, suicidal thoughts and plans were significantly associated with suicide attempts. Suicidal ideation and attempts are prevalent among adolescents. Assessment of anxiety, loneliness, and persistently sad moods as risk factors for suicide attempts among adolescents is vital. Indicators of bullying appear to be particularly relevant to the risk of suicide attempts among adolescents and should be given attention as part of risk assessments. We suggest that bullying prevention programs and early identification of the risk factors be a vital part of strategies for initiating and maintaining public health interventions pitched toward suicide prevention in Nigeria and Africa. This study will, in addition, provide a baseline for future studies on suicidal behaviour.
The Role of Continental Alkaline Magmatism in Mantle Carbon Outflux Constrained by a Machine Learning Analysis of Zircon
Authors: Wang Lu , Liu Jia , Spencer Christopher J. , Wu Sensen , Li Anzhou , Qiu Chengfeng , Wu Qi , Jia Zubing , Wang Zizhen , Sun Hao , Xia Qun‐Ke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractContinental alkaline magmatism has been suggested to play a significant role in releasing deep mantle carbon into the atmosphere, which can greatly impact the global climate. However, the temporal variations of alkaline magmatism and their potential to modulate climate over geologic time remain poorly constrained. The detrital zircon record is a frequently used proxy for tracking secular variations in particular magmatism. Here, we use a novel machine‐learning technique to discriminate zircon from carbonatites, kimberlites, and other alkaline rocks. A global compilation of detrital zircon yields continental alkaline magmatic flare‐ups between 1,050−850, 650−500, 250−200, and 50−0 Ma. Our estimates indicate relatively elevated contributions of total magmatic carbon outgassing from alkaline magmatism during the aforementioned magmatic flare‐ups. We infer that anomalous alkaline magmatism may influence global warming during specific intervals of geologic time, but when they are not that voluminous or persistent extensive arc magmatism may drive warming conditions.
Is El Niño‐Southern Oscillation a Tipping Element in the Climate System?
Authors: Bayr Tobias , Lübbecke Joke F. , Fiedler Stephanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObserved El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) varies between decades with high ENSO amplitude and more extreme Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events and decades with low ENSO amplitude and mainly weak El Niño events. Based on experiments with the CESM1 model, ENSO may lock‐in into an extreme EP El Niño‐dominated state in a +3.7 K warmer climate, while in a −4.0 K cooler climate ENSO may lock‐in into a weak El Niño‐dominated state. The state shift of ENSO with global warming can be explained by the location and amplitude of the strongest warming over the eastern equatorial Pacific, which amplifies the Bjerknes feedback and allows a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone onto the equator, a prerequisite of extreme EP El Niños. In light of these results, we discuss to what extent the state of ENSO may be a tipping element in the climate system.
Impact of a rash management guide in patients receiving apalutamide for high-risk localized prostate cancer in the Apa-RP study
Authors: Shore Neal , Hafron Jason , Saltzstein Daniel , Bhaumik Amitabha , Aggarwal Pankaj , Phillips Jennifer , McGowan Tracy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background/objectives
Based on the SPARTAN and TITAN studies, apalutamide is approved for patients with nonmetastatic castration-resistant and metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Skin rash was a common adverse reaction across indications. We hypothesized that earlier identification and intervention could improve rash outcomes.

Subjects/methods
A prespecified rash management guide outlining recommended skin care practices was provided to all patients enrolled in Apa-RP (NCT04523207). Rash-related safety data from Apa-RP were compared descriptively with data from SPARTAN and TITAN.

Results
Patients in Apa-RP experienced improved rash-related outcomes vs those in SPARTAN and TITAN.

Conclusions
Increased vigilance and proactive management may reduce the incidence, severity, and duration of rash during apalutamide treatment.
Phase separation of RNF214 promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: He Zheng-Jie , He Ke , Cai Song-Wang , Zhang Rui , Shao Zhong-Bao , Wang Sheng-Te , Li Xiao-Peng , Li Yan-Chi , Liu Wei-Jing , Zhu You-Qing , Zeng Shi-Jie , Su Yu-Bin , Shi Zhi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors, and the expression and function of an uncharacterized protein RNF214 in HCC are still unknown. Phase separation has recently been observed to participate in the progression of HCC. In this study, we investigated the expression, function, and phase separation of RNF214 in HCC. We found that RNF214 was highly expressed in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. RNF214 functioned as an oncogene to promote the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of HCC. Mechanically, RNF214 underwent phase separation, and the coiled-coil (CC) domain of RNF214 mediated its phase separation. Furthermore, the CC domain was necessary for the oncogenic function of RNF214 in HCC. Taken together, our data favored that phase separation of RNF214 promoted the progression of HCC. RNF214 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
Facile and efficient synthesis of N-benzyl chitosan via a one-pot reductive amination utilizing 2-picoline borane
Authors: Miyake Junpei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the use of 2-picoline borane (pic-BH3) as a reducing agent for the reductive amination of chitosan is reported for the first time. By optimizing the feed molar ratio of chitosan, benzaldehyde and pic-BH3, a high yield of isolated N-benzyl chitosan with a nearly perfect degree of substitution is successfully obtained. This material has rarely been obtained with previous methods. The newly developed synthetic method herein has many advantages, including being more facile, more efficient, and less harmful than conventional methods; thus, this method is applicable to other aldehydes or ketones, leading to wide varieties of N-modified chitosan in the future.
Atmospheric oxidation drove climate change on Noachian Mars
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Michalski Joseph R. , Wang Zhicheng , Gao Wen-Sheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractModern Mars is bipolar, cold, and oxidizing, while early Mars was characterized by icy highlands, episodic warmth and reducing atmosphere. The timing and association of the climate and redox transitions remain inadequately understood. Here we examine the spatiotemporal distribution of the low surface iron abundance in the ancient Martian terrains, revealing that iron abundance decreases with elevation in the older Noachian terrains but with latitude in the younger Noachian terrains. These observations suggest: (a) low-temperature conditions contribute to surface iron depletion, likely facilitated by anoxic leaching through freeze-thaw cycles under a reducing atmosphere, and (b) temperature distribution mode shifted from elevation-dominant to latitude-dominant during the Noachian period. Additionally, we find iron leaching intensity decreases from the Early to Late Noachian epoch, suggesting a gradual atmospheric oxidation coupled with temperature mode transition during the Noachian period. We think atmospheric oxidation led to Mars becoming cold and bipolar in its early history.
A shape-driven reentrant jamming transition in confluent monolayers of synthetic cell-mimics
Authors: Arora Pragya , Sadhukhan Souvik , Nandi Saroj Kumar , Bi Dapeng , Sood A. K. , Ganapathy Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMany critical biological processes, like wound healing, require densely packed cell monolayers/tissues to transition from a jammed solid-like to a fluid-like state. Although numerical studies anticipate changes in the cell shape alone can lead to unjamming, experimental support for this prediction is not definitive because, in living systems, fluidization due to density changes cannot be ruled out. Additionally, a cell’s ability to modulate its motility only compounds difficulties since even in assemblies of rigid active particles, changing the nature of self-propulsion has non-trivial effects on the dynamics. Here, we design and assemble a monolayer of synthetic cell-mimics and examine their collective behaviour. By systematically increasing the persistence time of self-propulsion, we discovered a cell shape-driven, density-independent, re-entrant jamming transition. Notably, we observed cell shape and shape variability were mutually constrained in the confluent limit and followed the same universal scaling as that observed in confluent epithelia. Dynamical heterogeneities, however, did not conform to this scaling, with the fast cells showing suppressed shape variability, which our simulations revealed is due to a transient confinement effect of these cells by their slower neighbors. Our experiments unequivocally establish a morphodynamic link, demonstrating that geometric constraints alone can dictate epithelial jamming/unjamming.
Numerical simulations suggest asteroids (101955) Bennu and (162173) Ryugu are likely second or later generation rubble piles
Authors: Walsh K. J. , Ballouz R-L. , Bottke W. F. , Avdellidou C. , Connolly Jr H. C. , Delbo M. , DellaGiustina D. N. , Jawin E. R. , McCoy T. , Michel P. , Morota T. , Nolan M. C. , Schwartz S. R. , Sugita S. , Lauretta D. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRubble pile asteroids are widely understood to be composed of reaccumulated debris following a catastrophic collision between asteroids in the main asteroid belt, where each disruption can make a family of new asteroids. Near-Earth asteroids Ryugu and Bennu have been linked to collisional families in the main asteroid belt, but surface age analyses of each asteroid suggest these bodies are substantially younger than their putative families. Here we show, through a coupled collisional and dynamical evolution of members of these families, that neither asteroid was likely to have been created at the same time as the original family breakups, but rather are likely remnants of later disruptions of original family members, making them second, or later, generation remnants. Our model finds about 80% and 60% of asteroids currently being delivered to near-Earth orbits from the respective families of New Polana and Eulalia are second or later generation. These asteroids delivered today in the 0.5-1 km size range have median ages since their last disruption that are substantially younger than the family age, reconciling their measured crater retention ages with membership in these families.
Surface photogalvanic effect in Ag2Te
Authors: Xie Xiaoyi , Leng Pengliang , Ding Zhenyu , Yang Jinshan , Yan Jingyi , Zhou Junchen , Li Zihan , Ai Linfeng , Cao Xiangyu , Jia Zehao , Zhang Yuda , Zhao Minhao , Zhu Wenguang , Gao Yang , Dong Shaoming , Xiu Faxian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) in non-centrosymmetric materials has attracted significant attention in recent years due to its potential to surpass the Shockley-Queisser limit. Although these materials are strictly constrained by symmetry, progress has been made in artificially reducing symmetry to stimulate BPVE in wider systems. However, the complexity of these techniques has hindered their practical implementation. In this study, we demonstrate a large intrinsic photocurrent response in centrosymmetric topological insulator Ag2Te, attributed to the surface photogalvanic effect (SPGE), which is induced by symmetry reduction of the surface. Through diverse spatially-resolved measurements on specially designed devices, we directly observe that SPGE in Ag2Te arises from the difference between two opposite photocurrent flows generated from the top and bottom surfaces. Acting as an efficient SPGE material, Ag2Te demonstrates robust performance across a wide spectral range from visible to mid-infrared, making it promising for applications in solar cells and mid-infrared detectors. More importantly, SPGE generated on low-symmetric surfaces can potentially be found in various systems, thereby inspiring a broader range of choices for photovoltaic materials.
A data science roadmap for open science organizations engaged in early-stage drug discovery
Authors: Edfeldt Kristina , Edwards Aled M. , Engkvist Ola , Günther Judith , Hartley Matthew , Hulcoop David G. , Leach Andrew R. , Marsden Brian D. , Menge Amelie , Misquitta Leonie , Müller Susanne , Owen Dafydd R. , Schütt Kristof T. , Skelton Nicholas , Steffen Andreas , Tropsha Alexander , Vernet Erik , Wang Yanli , Wellnitz James , Willson Timothy M. , Clevert Djork-Arné , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Schiavone Lovisa Holmberg , Schapira Matthieu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Structural Genomics Consortium is an international open science research organization with a focus on accelerating early-stage drug discovery, namely hit discovery and optimization. We, as many others, believe that artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to be a main accelerator in the field. The question is then how to best benefit from recent advances in AI and how to generate, format and disseminate data to enable future breakthroughs in AI-guided drug discovery. We present here the recommendations of a working group composed of experts from both the public and private sectors. Robust data management requires precise ontologies and standardized vocabulary while a centralized database architecture across laboratories facilitates data integration into high-value datasets. Lab automation and opening electronic lab notebooks to data mining push the boundaries of data sharing and data modeling. Important considerations for building robust machine-learning models include transparent and reproducible data processing, choosing the most relevant data representation, defining the right training and test sets, and estimating prediction uncertainty. Beyond data-sharing, cloud-based computing can be harnessed to build and disseminate machine-learning models. Important vectors of acceleration for hit and chemical probe discovery will be (1) the real-time integration of experimental data generation and modeling workflows within design-make-test-analyze (DMTA) cycles openly, and at scale and (2) the adoption of a mindset where data scientists and experimentalists work as a unified team, and where data science is incorporated into the experimental design.
Economic segregation is associated with reduced concerns about economic inequality
Authors: Davidai Shai , Goya-Tocchetto Daniela , Lawson M. Asher 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEconomic segregation is the geographical separation of people with different economic means. In this paper, we employ an archival study of attitudes in regions with varying degrees of economic segregation and a series of experimental studies measuring reactions to hypothetical levels of segregation to examine how segregation affects concerns about inequality. Combining correlational and experimental methods and examining attitudes about economic inequality in both the United States and South Africa, we show that when individuals of different means are segregated from each other, people are less likely to engage in economic comparisons and are therefore less concerned by inequality. Moreover, we find that this is true even when people are exposed to (and are aware of) the same levels of inequality, suggesting that segregation in and of itself affects attitudes about inequality. Our findings highlight the importance of economic segregation in shaping public attitudes about organizational and societal economic inequality.
Alternative molecular mechanisms for force transmission at adherens junctions via β-catenin-vinculin interaction
Authors: Morales-Camilo Nicole , Liu Jingzhun , Ramírez Manuel J. , Canales-Salgado Patricio , Alegría Juan José , Liu Xuyao , Ong Hui Ting , Barrera Nelson P. , Fierro Angélica , Toyama Yusuke , Goult Benjamin T. , Wang Yilin , Meng Yue , Nishimura Ryosuke , Fong-Ngern Kedsarin , Low Christine Siok Lan , Kanchanawong Pakorn , Yan Jie , Ravasio Andrea , Bertocchi Cristina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractForce transmission through adherens junctions (AJs) is crucial for multicellular organization, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Recent studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction at the AJs. However, the canonical model fails to explain force transmission when essential proteins of the mechanotransduction module are mutated or missing. Here, we demonstrate that, in absence of α-catenin, β-catenin can directly and functionally interact with vinculin in its open conformation, bearing physiological forces. Furthermore, we found that β-catenin can prevent vinculin autoinhibition in the presence of α-catenin by occupying vinculin´s head-tail interaction site, thus preserving force transmission capability. Taken together, our findings suggest a multi-step force transmission process at AJs, where α-catenin and β-catenin can alternatively and cooperatively interact with vinculin. This can explain the graded responses needed to maintain tissue mechanical homeostasis and, importantly, unveils a force-bearing mechanism involving β-catenin and extended vinculin that can potentially explain the underlying process enabling collective invasion of metastatic cells lacking α-catenin.
tracerDB: a crowdsourced fluorescent tracer database for target engagement analysis
Authors: Dopfer Johannes , Vasta James D. , Müller Susanne , Knapp Stefan , Robers Matthew B. , Schwalm Martin P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInvestigating ligand-protein complexes is essential in the areas of chemical biology and drug discovery. However, detailed information on key reagents such as fluorescent tracers and associated data for the development of widely used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assays including NanoBRET, time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays are not easily accessible to the research community. We created tracerDB, a curated database of validated tracers. This resource provides an open access knowledge base and a unified system for tracer and assay validation. The database is freely available at https://www.tracerdb.org/.
CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice
Authors: Colella Pasqualina , Sayana Ruhi , Suarez-Nieto Maria Valentina , Sarno Jolanda , Nyame Kwamina , Xiong Jian , Pimentel Vera Luisa Natalia , Arozqueta Basurto Jessica , Corbo Marco , Limaye Anay , Davis Kara L. , Abu-Remaileh Monther , Gomez-Ospina Natalia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHematopoietic stem cell transplantation can deliver therapeutic proteins to the central nervous system (CNS) through transplant-derived microglia-like cells. However, current conditioning approaches result in low and slow engraftment of transplanted cells in the CNS. Here we optimized a brain conditioning regimen that leads to rapid, robust, and persistent microglia replacement without adverse effects on neurobehavior or hematopoiesis. This regimen combines busulfan myeloablation and six days of Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX3397. Single-cell analyses revealed unappreciated heterogeneity of microglia-like cells with most cells expressing genes characteristic of homeostatic microglia, brain-border-associated macrophages, and unique markers. Cytokine analysis in the CNS showed transient inductions of myeloproliferative and chemoattractant cytokines that help repopulate the microglia niche. Bone marrow transplant of progranulin-deficient mice conditioned with busulfan and PLX3397 restored progranulin in the brain and eyes and normalized brain lipofuscin storage, proteostasis, and lipid metabolism. This study advances our understanding of CNS repopulation by hematopoietic-derived cells and demonstrates its therapeutic potential for treating progranulin-dependent neurodegeneration.
Future trends of marine fish biomass distributions from the North Sea to the Barents Sea
Authors: Gordó-Vilaseca Cesc , Costello Mark John , Coll Marta , Jüterbock Alexander , Reiss Henning , Stephenson Fabrice 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate warming is one of the facets of anthropogenic global change predicted to increase in the future, its magnitude depending on present-day decisions. The north Atlantic and Arctic Oceans are already undergoing community changes, with warmer-water species expanding northwards, and colder-water species retracting. However, the future extent and implications of these shifts remain unclear. Here, we fitted a joint species distribution model to occurrence data of 107, and biomass data of 61 marine fish species from 16,345 fishery independent trawls sampled between 2004 and 2022 in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, including the Barents Sea. We project overall increases in richness and declines in relative dominance in the community, and generalised increases in species’ ranges and biomass across three different future scenarios in 2050 and 2100. The projected decline of capelin and the practical extirpation of polar cod from the system, the two most abundant species in the Barents Sea, drove an overall reduction in fish biomass at Arctic latitudes that is not replaced by expanding species. Furthermore, our projections suggest that Arctic demersal fish will be at high risk of extinction by the end of the century if no climate refugia is available at eastern latitudes.