bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of ionizing radiation on the luminescence properties of Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles
Authors: Gaedtke Christin , Williams Grant V. M. , Janssens Stefaan , Raymond Sebastiampillai G. , Clarke Dave J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotoluminescence (PL), PL lifetime, and radioluminescence (RL) measurements were made on LaF3 nanoparticles doped with Eu3+ or Sm3+. The radiative lifetimes decreased with increasing rare earth concentrations, which can be attributed to energy transfer to the surface of the nanoparticles followed by non‐radiative recombination. The RL signal increases with increasing concentration for Eu3+ concentrations up to 20% Eu3+ but it saturates and disappears for >10% Sm3+. A dose‐independent RL was observed up to 10 kGy during continual X‐ray irradiation for Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped nanoparticles, which is advantageous for real time dosimetry applications (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence and scintillation properties of rare‐earth‐doped BaLu2F8 single crystals grown by the micro‐pulling‐down method
Authors: Pejchal Jan , Fukuda Kentaro , Futami Yoshisuke , Nikl Martin , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yokota Yuui , Kral Robert , Yoshikawa Akira 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe BaLu2F8 crystals doped with 1 mol% Tm, Nd and Er were prepared by micro‐pulling‐down method to study their scintillation and luminescence properties. The unwanted phase transition from orthorhombic structure to monoclinic one, which occurs some 50 °C below the melting point, was avoided using Li‐flux. No Li‐containing secondary phase was observed. Radioluminescence measurements of Nd‐doped samples revealed 5d‐4f Nd3+ luminescence situated around 180nm, the intensity of which was comparable with that of the LaF3:Nd 8% reference scintillator sample. Further slight enhancement of the Nd3+ 5d‐4f emission was achieved by Tm3+ co‐doping probably due to energy transfer from the Tm3+ 5d levels to the Nd3+ ones. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deprotonation/protonation‐induced spectral switching of naphthalimide‐coumarin chromophore
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Zhu Kaijuan , Jiang Wenjuan , Li Yajuan , Kim Hyungjoo , Son Younga 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this contribution, a new highly selective colorimetric chemosensors based on naphthalimide and coumarin was synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. In the presence of F‐or OH‐, the sensor change its color from light yellow to deep blue, which can easily be observed by the naked eye. The sensor shows good selectivity against other common anions. The effects of deprotonation/protonation on the absorption characteristics were investigated. The underlying signalling mechanism is photoinduced charge transfer (PCT). The observed effects of deprotonation upon colour were interpreted by the quantum chemical calculations of HOMO/LUMO and energy gap.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence spectra of TlInSe2
Authors: Wakita Kazuki , Araki Yoshito , Asaba Ryo , Shim YongGu , Mamedov Nazim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotoluminescence spectra of TlInSe2 crystals with quasi one‐dimensional structure have been investigated. The observed broad spectra have been found to result from overlapping of two peaks centered at 1.05 and 0.97 eV. Following the results of the examination of the excitation intensity dependence of the observed photoluminescence, the last peaks have been attributed to free‐to‐bound radiative transitions. The activation energy of donor or acceptor levels associated with these emissions has been tentatively evaluated. Furthermore, two sharp peaks located at 1.17 and 1.23 eV have been observed at 10 K in the excitation spectra of the observed photoluminescence (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pyridine adsorption on small Nin‐cluster (n = 2,3,4): A study of geometry and electronic structure
Authors: Ghatee Mohammad Hadi , Pakdel Leila 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAdsorption of pyridine on Nin‐clusters (with n = 2,3,4) is studied by quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/6‐311G** levels. First, Nin‐clusters are investigated for accessible structure and electronic states. The lowest electronic state with four unpaired electrons is predicted for Ni4‐cluster based on geometry and electronic structure, showing that the cluster stability nicely depends on number of unpaired electrons. Correction for basis set superposition error of metal‐metal bond is appreciable and has increasing effect on cluster binding energy. Next, adsorption of pyridine in planar and vertical adsorption modes is investigated on rhombus Ni4‐cluster. The vertical mode is found (at B3LYP/6‐311G** level) as the most favorable adsorption mode. Adsorption energy (ΔEads) depends on cluster size; adsorption on Ni4‐cluster is most favorable with ΔEads = −207.33 kJ/mol. The natural bond orbital analysis reveals the charge transfer in adsorbate/metal‐cluster. Results of investigations for the Ni2‐ and Ni3‐cluster are also presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CASOS: a subspace method for anomaly detection in high dimensional astronomical databases
Authors: Henrion Marc , Hand David J. , Gandy Axel , Mortlock Daniel J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe develop a novel algorithm for detecting anomalies. Our method has been developed to suit the challenging task of detecting anomalous sources in cross‐matched astronomical survey data. Our algorithm computes anomaly scores in lower‐dimensional subspaces of the data. By subspaces we mean, in this work, subsets of the original data variables. Our technique presents several advantages over existing methods: it can work directly on data with missing values; it addresses some of the problems posed by high‐dimensional data spaces; it is less susceptible to a masking effect from irrelevant features; it can be easily adapted to suit specific needs and it allows an easier interpretation of why a given object has a high combined anomaly score. One drawback of our method is that it cannot detect outliers that are only apparent in high‐dimensional spaces. Anomaly scores are computed using a nearest neighbor (NN) technique, but the algorithm works with any other method computing numerical anomaly scores. We demonstrate the properties of our algorithm and evaluate its performance on both simulated and real datasets. We show that it is capable of outperforming state‐of‐the‐art, full‐dimensional approaches in some situations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 53–72, 2013
Linking life history traits to pollinator loss in fragmented calcareous grasslands
Authors: Jauker Birgit , Krauss Jochen , Jauker Frank , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo gain insight into the drivers of pollinator loss, a holistic approach to land-use change including habitat size, isolation, habitat quality and the surrounding landscape matrix is necessary. Moreover, species’ responses to land-use change may differ depending on their life history traits such as dispersal ability, trophic level, or sociality. We assessed species richness and life history traits of wild bees in 32 calcareous grasslands in central Germany that differ in size, connectivity, resource availability and landscape context. Declining habitat area and, to a lesser degree, reduced diversity of the surrounding landscape were the key factors negatively influencing species richness. In the community-wide analysis, small body size and solitary reproduction were traits that made species particularly vulnerable to habitat loss. Contrary to our expectations, cleptoparasitic species were not more affected by reduced habitat area and landscape diversity than nest-building species. We performed further detailed trait analyses within the family Halictidae to prevent possible confounding effects due to trait correlations across families. Here, social as opposed to solitary species were more affected by habitat loss. We conclude that the opposite pattern observed for all social bees was mainly caused by large-sized social bumblebee species with high mobility and large foraging distances. Our results demonstrate the risks of concealed trait interference when analyzing community-wide patterns of life history traits. As a consequence, conservation requirements of small social bee species might be overlooked by generalizations from community responses.
CLA Reduces Inflammatory Mediators from A427 Human Lung Cancer Cells and A427 Conditioned Medium Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 Murine Muscle Cells
Authors: Oraldi Manuela , Maggiora Marina , Paiuzzi Elena , Canuto Rosa A. , Muzio Giuliana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractConjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is thought to have anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory properties, but its effect on cancer cachexia is unknown. Two effects were here investigated: that of CLA on inflammatory mediator production in human lung cancer cells, and that of reduced mediators on the myogenic differentiation of murine muscle C2C12 cells. The latter cells were grown in medium conditioned by human lung cancer A427 cells, with or without CLA, to mimic only the effect of molecules released from the tumor “in vivo”, excluding the effect of host‐produced cachectic factors. The results obtained show that CLA was found to reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but had no effect on IL‐6 production. The mechanisms underlying the effect of CLA on cytokine or PGE2 release in A427 cells are probably mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α, which increased at 24 h CLA treatment. In turn, the reduced content of inflammatory mediators in medium conditioned by A427 cells, in the presence of CLA, allowed muscle cells to proliferate, again by inducing PPAR. The involvement of PPARα was demonstrated by treatment with the antagonist MK‐886. The findings demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory and myogenic action of CLA and point to its possible application as a novel dietary supplement and therapeutic agent in inflammatory disease states, such as cachexia.
Outreach and support in South London (OASIS), 2001–2011: Ten years of early diagnosis and treatment for young individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis
Authors: Fusar-Poli P. , Byrne M. , Badger S. , Valmaggia L.R. , McGuire P.K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction:Prevention of psychosis has become a major objective of modern clinical psychiatry. An increasing number of new services have been established in Europe and in the world. The OASIS team has become an established model where clinical practice and research are fully integrated in the field of preventative interventions in psychosis.Method:Comprehensive analysis of different clinical and service measures describing the 2001–2011 implementation of the OASIS team.Results:Over the last decade, the OASIS team has received a total of 1102 referrals, mostly young males from ethnic minorities. After the assessment, 35% were diagnosed with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) while 32% were already psychotic. Within the ARMS, 70% met the inclusion criteria for the attenuated psychotic symptoms subgroup, 1% met the inclusion criteria for the genetic deterioration syndrome, 9% met inclusion criteria for a brief and self-limited intermittent psychotic episode and the others met inclusion criteria for more than one subgroup. Most of them had at least one comorbid diagnosis, mainly relating to anxiety and depressive domains. The majority of the OASIS clients received cognitive behavioural therapy alone or in combination with antidepressants/antipsychotics. Over the 2-year follow-up time, 44 subjects (15.2%) developed a frank psychotic episode.Conclusions:The OASIS service represents one of the largest and most established prodromal services in the world. The burden of research evidence and the translational impact produced on the clinical practice support the OASIS as a model for the development of similar services.
GesinE – ein Beitrag zur Gesundheitsberufsbildungsforschung in Europa
Authors: Selinger Yvonne , Ayerle Gertrud , Landenberger Margarete , Behrens Johann 
Published: November 2012

Einleitung
In Deutschland werden, anders als in den meisten europäischen Ländern, Abschlüsse in den Gesundheitsfachberufen bisher fast ausschließlich im sekundären und nicht im tertiären Bildungssektor erworben. Allein von der Verortung der Ausbildungen kann dabei nicht auf die Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen der Absolventen geschlossen werden. Hier sind Untersuchungen angezeigt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen den in verschiedenen Systemen erworbenen Abschlüssen und deren Nützlichkeit („Verwertbarkeit“) untersuchen.
AAL verändert Berufsfelder – spezifische Anforderungen an eine akademische Ausbildung
Authors: Erkens Elmar 
Published: November 2012

Einleitung
Der Artikel leitet vor dem Hintergrund des wachsenden Bedarfs an Angeboten im Rahmen des Ambient Assisted Livings (AAL) u.a. für die häusliche Umgebung sowie der Notwendigkeit zur Integration sich überschneidender Gewerke die Sinnhaftigkeit eines akademischen Studiums mit Querschnittkompetenzen aus verschieden Fachdisziplinen ab.
Hochschulische Qualifikationen für das Gesundheitswesen – Reaktionen auf die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates
Authors: Räbiger Jutta 
Published: November 2012

Einleitung
Der Wissenschaftsrat hat sich in seinen, Empfehlungen zu hochschulischen Qualifikationen für das Gesundheitswesen‘ vom 13.7.2012 für die (Teil-) Akademisierung der Gesundheitsfachberufe, insb. der Pflege, Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie, Logopädie und Hebammenwesen, ausgesprochen und den weiteren Ausbau der berufsqualifizierenden Studiengänge gefordert. Von diversen Verbänden und Gruppierungen liegen Stellungnahmen zu diesen Empfehlungen vor. Im Beitrag wird insbesondere auf Standpunkte von Verbänden und Kollegen aus den Pflege- und Therapiewissenschaften eingegangen.
Electron spin resonance optical dating of marine, estuarine, and aeolian sediments in Florida, USA
Authors: Burdette Kevin E. , Rink William J. , Mallinson David J. , Means Guy H. , Parham Peter R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFor the first time, electron spin resonance optical dating (ESROD) has been conducted on littorally transported and aeolian siliciclastic sediments in Florida. ESROD utilizes light-sensitive radiation-sensitive defects at silicon sites that have been replaced by aluminum and titanium atoms to give rise to a time-dependant signal. These defects saturate at higher levels of radiation dose, compared to optically stimulated luminescence, and therefore extend the optical dating range back into the millions of years. Our results show that the Trail Ridge Sequence is a multi-depositional unit that began deposition around 2.2 Ma and continued until 6 ka. The Osceola Cape, of the Effingham Sequence, was deposited around 1.5 Ma, and the Chatham Sequence was a multi-depositional terrace with at least three events preserved.
Cholera, Public Health, and the Politics of Water in Republican Guangzhou
Authors: POON SHUK-WAH 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlong with the establishment of the Department of Public Health in 1912, the implementation of public health policies became an integral part of city management in Republican Guangzhou. Yet the cholera outbreak of 1932 fully exposed the weaknesses of the medical and sanitary infrastructure of the city. Due to the Guangzhou government's inaction, the Fangbian Hospital, a local charitable hall founded in response to the bubonic plague of the 1890s, involuntarily took over the major responsibility for providing medical services for cholera patients in the early stage of the epidemic. Only after the death of hundreds of patients and Guangzhou being described as a ‘world of horror’ in the local press did the government-run hospital start to take a more active role. Epidemics have always served as catalysts for change in public health perceptions and practices. This paper attempts to explain how the cholera epidemic of 1932 changed the role of public health in the urban administration of the city. Emphasis is placed on analysing how the people of Guangzhou began to fight for a supply of clean drinking water once they came to realize the link between water and the spread of the fatal cholera epidemic in 1932. Clean water, which used to be seen as a commodity enjoyed by the privileged few, was now increasingly regarded as a citizen's right.
Assamese Language, Narrative and the Making of the North East Frontier of India: Beyond Regional Indian Literary Studies
Authors: BARUAH MANJEET 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper is divided into two broad sections. The first section deals with the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam (north east India) and its transformation into a frontier in the nineteenth century. The section also deals with how this process was closely linked to the re-interpretation of the region's relationship with Indo-Gangetic culture, and the impact on development of the modern ‘Assamese’ language. The second section interprets modern Assamese novels in the light of the issues raised in the first section. It explores how issues such as indigeneity, the concept of India and modern Assamese language, share a relation of conflict in modern Assamese fiction. It is suggested in the conclusion that, due to such historical specificities, the language and narrative of the frontier require a specific regional approach, and should not be subsumed within larger frameworks such as ‘the nation’ or ‘South Asia’.
Amyloid imaging in dementia
Authors: Ashraf A , Mehta P , Edison P 
Published: November 2012

SummaryA major advancement in the field of medicine has been the timely advent of amyloid imaging, which has allowed critical evaluation of the complex relationship between amyloid β peptide (Aβ) aggregation and Alzheimer's diseasein vivo. Most importantly, amyloid imaging has the potential to detect Aβ in mildly affected as well as asymptomatic individuals, when the therapeutic window of opportunity might still be open to pharmacological intervention. It also shows significant promise in differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or atypical dementias. Amyloid imaging studies support a model in which amyloid aggregation is considered an early event on the path of dementia, beginning insidiously in cognitively healthy individuals being accompanied by subtle cognitive, functional and structural brain alterations suggestive of incipient AD. As individuals progress to dementia, clinical decline and neurodegeneration accelerate and might proceed independently of amyloid accumulation. In this review we focus on amyloid imaging with particular emphasis on [11C]PIB in AD, mild cognitive impairment and other dementias, and discuss the advances made in this perplexing field.
A PDTB-styled end-to-end discourse parser
Authors: LIN ZIHENG , NG HWEE TOU , KAN MIN-YEN 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSince the release of the large discourse-level annotation of the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB), research work has been carried out on certain subtasks of this annotation, such as disambiguating discourse connectives and classifying Explicit or Implicit relations. We see a need to construct a full parser on top of these subtasks and propose a way to evaluate the parser. In this work, we have designed and developed an end-to-end discourse parser-to-parse free texts in the PDTB style in a fully data-driven approach. The parser consists of multiple components joined in a sequential pipeline architecture, which includes a connective classifier, argument labeler, explicit classifier, non-explicit classifier, and attribution span labeler. Our trained parser first identifies all discourse and non-discourse relations, locates and labels their arguments, and then classifies the sense of the relation between each pair of arguments. For the identified relations, the parser also determines the attribution spans, if any, associated with them. We introduce novel approaches to locate and label arguments, and to identify attribution spans. We also significantly improve on the current state-of-the-art connective classifier. We propose and present a comprehensive evaluation from both component-wise and error-cascading perspectives, in which we illustrate how each component performs in isolation, as well as how the pipeline performs with errors propagated forward. The parser gives an overall system F1 score of 46.80 percent for partial matching utilizing gold standard parses, and 38.18 percent with full automation.
The game of active search for extra-terrestrial intelligence: breaking the ‘Great Silence’
Authors: de Vladar Harold P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (SETI) has been performed principally as a one-way survey, listening of radio frequencies across the Milky Way and other galaxies. However, scientists have engaged in an active messaging only rarely. This suggests the simple rationale that if other civilizations exist and take a similar approach to ours, namely listening but not broadcasting, the result is a silent universe. A simple game theoretical model, the prisoner's dilemma, explains this situation: each player (civilization) can passively search (defect), or actively search and broadcast (cooperate). In order to maximize the payoff (or, equivalently, minimize the risks) the best strategy is not to broadcast. In fact, the active search has been opposed on the basis that it might be dangerous to expose ourselves. However, most of these ideas have not been based on objective arguments, and ignore accounting of the possible gains and losses. Thus, the question stands: should we perform an active search? I develop a game-theoretical framework where civilizations can be of different types, and explicitly apply it to a situation where societies are either interested in establishing a two-way communication or belligerent and in urge to exploit ours. The framework gives a quantitative solution (a mixed-strategy), which is how frequent we should perform the active SETI. This frequency is roughly proportional to the inverse of the risk, and can be extremely small. However, given the immense amount of stars being scanned, it supports active SETI. The model is compared with simulations, and the possible actions are evaluated through the San Marino scale, measuring the risks of messaging.