bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of neutrinoless double beta decay in the Standard Model extended with sterile neutrinos
Authors: Das Debashree Priyadarsini , Mishra Sasmita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe study a model where the Standard Model is augmented with three sterile neutrinos. By adopting a particular parameterization of a $$(6\times 6)$$

(
6
×
6
)

unitary matrix—in this context, light neutrino masses being generated via a type-I seesaw mechanism—we analytically derive the masses of the sterile states using an exact seesaw relation. The masses of the sterile states are derived in terms of the lightest mass of active neutrinos and active–active and active–sterile mixing angles and phases; they can be all light, all heavy, or a mixture of light and heavy compared to the active states. This can be attributed to the interplay of the CP-violating (CPV) phases of the mixing matrix. As both active and sterile states can mediate the neutrinoless double beta decay ($$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) process, their contributions to the effective mass of the electron neutrino, $$|m_{ee}|$$

|

m

ee

|

, become a function of the mass of the lightest active state and active–active and active–sterile mixing angles and phases. We explore the parameter space of $$|m_{ee}|$$

|

m

ee

|

, keeping in mind the present and future sensitivity of $$0\nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

decay searches. By making use of constraints from charged lepton flavor-violating (cLFV) processes and non-unitarity, we explore the role of additional CPV phases and active–sterile mixing angle values. The numerical values thus obtained for $$|m_{ee}|$$

|

m

ee

|

can vary from as low as $$\mathscr {O}(10^{-4})$$

O
(

10

-
4

)

to saturating the present experimental limit. We also check the reliability of our result by calculating the branching ratio of $$\mu \rightarrow e \gamma $$

μ
→
e
γ

, a prominent cLFV process, and non-unitarity in this framework.
Water Crossover in Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Friedrichs-Schucht M. , Hasché F. , Oezaslan M. 
Published: July 2024

Water management is critical for high performance of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). In this work, we investigated the water crossover for 5 cm2 PEMWE single cell by varying the temperature (40–80 °C), current density (0–2 A cm−2
geo), cathode pressure (ambient, 310 kPagauge,inlet), and nitrogen purge rate (50, 100 nccm). Using an advanced gravimetric method, the water crossover to the cathode could be established very accurately and also corrected by the water vapor fraction. Here, we pointed out that the cathode exhaust gas is saturated with water vapor, either from diffusion or by proton drag at low or high current densities, respectively. Very importantly, the water crossover at high current density is controlled by the proton drag and are used to extract the temperature-dependent proton drag coefficient at 1 A cm−2
geo. Our results reveal that the proton drag coefficient increases from 2.5 ± 0.2 at 40 °C to 3.2 ± 0.2 at 80 °C (+28%). Altogether, we have developed a sophisticated gravimetric method to accurately determine the water crossover under PEMWE operating conditions and proposed a model of the temperature-dependent proton drag coefficient. Unravelling the proton drag and diffusion is very important for modeling of water transport in PEMWE.
Blockade of IL1β and PD1 with Combination Chemotherapy Reduces Systemic Myeloid Suppression in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer with Heterogeneous Effects in the Tumor
Authors: Oberstein Paul E. , Dias Costa Andressa , Kawaler Emily A. , Cardot-Ruffino Victoire , Rahma Osama E. , Beri Nina , Singh Harshabad , Abrams Thomas A. , Biller Leah H. , Cleary James M. , Enzinger Peter , Huffman Brandon M. , McCleary Nadine J. , Perez Kimberly J. , Rubinson Douglas A. , Schlechter Benjamin L. , Surana Rishi , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Wang S. Jennifer , Remland Joshua , Brais Lauren K. , Bollenrucher Naima , Chang Eugena , Ali Lestat R. , Lenehan Patrick J. , Dolgalev Igor , Werba Gregor , Lima Cibelle , Keheler C. Elizabeth , Sullivan Keri M. , Dougan Michael , Hajdu Cristina , Dajee Maya , Pelletier Marc R. , Nazeer Saloney , Squires Matthew , Bar-Sagi Dafna , Wolpin Brian M. , Nowak Jonathan A. , Simeone Diane M. , Dougan Stephanie K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Innate inflammation promotes tumor development, although the role of innate inflammatory cytokines in established human tumors is unclear. Herein, we report clinical and translational results from a phase Ib trial testing whether IL1β blockade in human pancreatic cancer would alleviate myeloid immunosuppression and reveal antitumor T-cell responses to PD1 blockade. Patients with treatment-naïve advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 10) were treated with canakinumab, a high-affinity monoclonal human antiinterleukin-1β (IL1β), the PD1 blocking antibody spartalizumab, and gemcitabine/n(ab)paclitaxel. Analysis of paired peripheral blood from patients in the trial versus patients receiving multiagent chemotherapy showed a modest increase in HLA-DR+CD38+ activated CD8+ T cells and a decrease in circulating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) by flow cytometry for patients in the trial but not in controls. Similarly, we used patient serum to differentiate monocytic MDSCs in vitro and showed that functional inhibition of T-cell proliferation was reduced when using on-treatment serum samples from patients in the trial but not when using serum from patients treated with chemotherapy alone. Within the tumor, we observed few changes in suppressive myeloid-cell populations or activated T cells as assessed by single-cell transcriptional profiling or multiplex immunofluorescence, although increases in CD8+ T cells suggest that improvements in the tumor immune microenvironment might be revealed by a larger study. Overall, the data indicate that exposure to PD1 and IL1β blockade induced a modest reactivation of peripheral CD8+ T cells and decreased circulating monocytic MDSCs; however, these changes did not lead to similarly uniform alterations in the tumor microenvironment.
Vascular Calcification Is Accelerated by Hyponatremia and Low Osmolality
Authors: Matsueda Shumei , Yamada Shunsuke , Torisu Kumiko , Kitamura Hiromasa , Ninomiya Toshiharu , Nakano Toshiaki , Kitazono Takanari 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Hyponatremia, frequently observed in patients with chronic kidney disease, is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hyponatremia or low osmolality induces oxidative stress and cell death, both of which accelerate vascular calcification (VC), a critical phenotype in patients with chronic kidney disease. Whether hyponatremia or low osmolality plays a role in the pathogenesis of VC is unknown.

METHODS:
Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and mouse aortic rings were cultured in various osmotic conditions and calcifying medium supplemented with high calcium and phosphate. The effects of low osmolality on phenotypic change and oxidative stress in the cultured VSMCs were examined. Microarray analysis was conducted to determine the main signaling pathway of osmolality-related VC. The transcellular sodium and calcium ions flux across the VSMCs were visualized by live imaging. Furthermore, the effect of osmolality on calciprotein particles (CPPs) was investigated. Associations between arterial intimal calcification and hyponatremia or low osmolality were examined by a cross-sectional study using human autopsy specimens obtained in the Hisayama Study.

RESULTS:
Low osmolality exacerbated calcification of the ECM (extracellular matrix) of cultured VSMCs and mouse aortic rings. Oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs were identified as the underlying mechanisms responsible for low osmolality-induced VC. Microarray analysis showed that low osmolality activated the Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)-Akt (protein kinase B) pathway and reduced NCX1 (Na-Ca exchanger 1) expression. Live imaging showed synchronic calcium ion efflux and sodium ion influx via NCX1 when extracellular sodium ion concentrations were increased. An NCX1 inhibitor promoted calcifying media-induced VC by reducing calcium ion efflux. Furthermore, low osmolality accelerated the generation and maturation steps of CPPs. The cross-sectional study of human autopsy specimens showed that hyponatremia and low osmolality were associated with a greater area of arterial intimal calcification.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hyponatremia and low osmolality promote VC through multiple cellular processes, including the Rac1-Akt pathway activation.
Genome-wide identification, structural and gene expression analysis of BTB gene family in soybean
Authors: Elsanosi Hind Abdelmonim , Zhang Jianhua , Mostafa Salma , Geng Xiaoyan , Zhou Guisheng , Awdelseid Atef Hemaida Mohammed , Song Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The Bric-a-Brac/Tramtrack/Broad Complex (BTB) gene family plays essential roles in various biological processes in plants. These genes encode proteins that contain a conserved BTB domain, which is involved in protein-protein interactions and regulation of gene expression. However, there is no systematic reports on the BTB gene family in G.max.

Results
In total, 122 soybean BTB genes were identified, which were classified into four groups based on the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structures analysis indicated that the number of exon–intron in GmBTBs ranges from 0 to18. Cis-element analysis revealed that most GmBTB genes contained cis-elements related to an abiotic stress response. In addition, qRT-PCR analyses indicated that most GmBTBs are significantly up-regulated under salinity, drought, and nitrate stresses. They suggested their potential for targeted improvement of soybean response to multiple abiotic stresses and nitrate availability.

Conclusion
These results provide valuable information for identifying the members of the GmBTB gene family in soybean and could provide a functional characterization of GmBTB genes in further research.
An adult with hemorrhagic varicella co-infects with cytomegalovirus: a case report
Authors: Shi Si-Man , Li Zhan-Hong , Xu Jie-Ru , Cai Xue-Xin , Zhou Xiu-Xian , Zheng Rong-Chang , Wen Ju 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Hemorrhagic varicella (HV) is a particular form of chicken pox.,with high mortality in adults. This form of the disease is rare, to date, approximately 4 cases have been reported. Occasional cases of HV have been documented in adults with hematologic disorders or other diseases. While there is one reported case of simultaneous reactivation of cytomegalovirus in an adult with chickenpox, there is a lack of information regarding changes in liver function indicators for such patients. This is unfortunate, as CMV reactivation can further exacerbate liver failure and increase mortality. In this report, we present a case of hemorrhagic varicella reactivation with cytomegalovirus and provide some relevant discussions.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 25-year-old male with HV, who had a history of nephrotic syndrome generally controlled with orally administered prednisone at a dosage of 50 mg per day for two months. The patient arrived at the emergency room with complaints of abdominal pain and the presence of hemorrhagic vesicles on his body for the past 3 days. Despite medical evaluation, a clear diagnosis was not immediately determined. Upon admission, the leukocyte count was recorded as 20.96 × 109/L on the first day, leading to the initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Despite the general interpretation that a positive IgG and a negative IgM indicate a previous infection, the patient’s extraordinarily elevated IgG levels, coupled with a markedly increased CMV DNA quantification, prompted us to suspect a reactivation of the CMV virus. In light of these findings, we opted for the intravenous administration of ganciclovir as part of the treatment strategy. Unfortunately,,the patient succumbed to rapidly worsening symptoms and passed away. Within one week of the patient’s demise, chickenpox gradually developed in the medical staff who had been in contact with him. In such instances, we speculate that the patient’s diagnosis should be classified as a rare case of hemorrhagic varicella.

Conclusion
Swift identification and timely administration of suitable treatment for adult HV are imperative to enhance prognosis.
The impact of diet, exercise, and sleep on Helicobacter pylori infection with different occupations: a cross-sectional study
Authors: He Shiwen , He Xue , Duan Yinglong , Luo Yating , Li Yuxuan , Li Jing , Li Ying , Yang Pingting , Wang Yaqin , Xie Jianfei , Liu Min , SK Cheng Andy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors vary greatly by geographic location. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the Hunan cohort of central China and analyze the associations between Helicobacter pylori infection and lifestyle factors in different occupations.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Participants who received an annual physical examination were invited. Helicobacter pylori infection was detected by the 13 C-urea breath test. Self-reported physical examination questionnaires were used to analyze participants’ demographic information, diet, exercise status, and sleep situations.

Results
23254 participants finished this study. The Helicobacter pylori infection rate in the Hunan area was 25.8%, with the lowest prevalence in students (8.5%) and the highest prevalence in business managers (29.9%). The risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection were marital status (divorced or married) (OR:1.16, 95%CI:1.090–1.234), overeating (OR:1.105, 95%CI: 1.001–1.220), and consumption of eggs (OR:1.047, 95%CI:1.004–1.092), animal viscera (OR: 1.077, 95%CI:1.014–1.144) and coffee (OR:1.074, 95%CI:1.019–1.132). Participants’ education level (OR:0.911, 95%CI:0.881-0942), consumption of midnight snack (OR:0.926, 95%CI:0.877–0.977), and vegetable (OR:0.927, 95%CI: 0.884–0.972) were protective factors against Helicobacter pylori infection. Whether participants exercised regularly or had sleep problems had no significant effect on Helicobacter pylori infection. Different professionals showed significant differences in the rates of overeating, eating three meals on time, midnight snack, and consuming coffee, eggs, animal viscera, and vegetables > 3 times/week (P values < 0.05).

Conclusions
Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significant relationship with dietary factors, but not significantly with sleep and exercise factors. Different occupations showed different dietary tendencies related to Helicobacter pylori infection. The design of an occupation-based Helicobacter pylori screening and prevention program is supported.
Impact of different obstetric interventions and types of delivery on breastfeeding: a nationwide cross-sectional survey of Hungarian women
Authors: Hulman Anita , Pakai Annamária , Csákvári Tímea , Varga Katalin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
We assessed the effect of different obstetric interventions and types of delivery on breastfeeding.

Methods
A quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out using an online questionnaire. Data collection was performed in 2021 in Hungary. We included biological mothers who had raised their at least 5-year-old child(ren) at home (N = 2,008). The questionnaire was completed anonymously and voluntarily. In addition to sociodemographic data (age, residence, marital status, education, occupation, income status, number of biological children, and anthropometric questions about the child and the mother), we asked about the interventions used during childbirth, and the different ways of infant feeding used. Statistical analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS 25.0. Descriptive statistics, two-sample t tests, χ2 tests and ANOVA were used to analyse the relationship or differences between the variables (p < 0,05).

Results
We found that in deliveries where synthetic oxytocin was used for both induction and acceleration, there was a higher incidence of emergency cesarean section. However, the occurrence of vaginal deliveries was significantly higher in cases where oxytocin administration was solely for the purpose of accelerating labour (p < 0.001).Mothers who received synthetic oxytocin also received analgesics (p < 0.001). Women giving birth naturally who used oxytocin had a lower success of breastfeeding their newborn in the delivery room (p < 0.001). Children of mothers who received obstetric analgesia had a higher rate of complementary formula feeding (p < 0.001). Newborns born naturally had a higher rate of breastfeeding in the delivery room (p < 0.001) and less formula feeding in the hospital (p < 0.001). Infants who were breastfed in the delivery room were breastfed for longer periods (p < 0.001). Exclusive breastfeeding up to six months was longer for infants born naturally (p = 0.005), but there was no difference in the length of breastfeeding (p = 0.081).

Conclusions
Obstetric interventions may increase the need for further interventions and have a negative impact on early or successful breastfeeding.

Trial registration
Not relevant.
Survival of advanced/recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Taiwan: a nationwide registry study
Authors: Tsai Hui-Jen , Shan Yan-Shen , Yang Ching-Yao , Hsiao Chin-Fu , Tsai Chung-Hsin , Wang Chuan-Cheng , Lin Ming-Tsan , Ting Chun-Fu , Chan De-Chuan , Chen Te-Hung , Yen Chueh-Chuan , Chen Yen-Yang , Lin Hsuan-Yu , Yeh Ta-Sen , Ho Ching-Liang , Shieh Tze-Yu , Bai Li-Yaun , Hsu Jun-Te , Chen I-Shu , Chen Li-Tzong , Yeh Chun-Nan , Liu Tsang-Wu , Chuang Chieh-Han , Wang Tsang-En ,   Taiwan Cooperative Oncology Group (TCOG) GIST Study Group
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) harbor c-KIT or PDGFRA mutations. Administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has significantly improved the survival of patients with GISTs. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of advanced or recurrent GIST patients in Taiwan.

Methods
Patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2020 were enrolled. The collected data included baseline characteristics, treatment pattern, treatment outcome, genetic aberrations and survival status. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed and plotted with the Kaplan–Meier method. Cox regression analysis was used to analyze the prognostic factors of survival.

Results
A total of 224 patients with advanced or recurrent GISTs treated with TKIs were enrolled. All patients received imatinib treatment. Ninety-three and 42 patients received sunitinib and regorafenib treatment, respectively. The 48-month PFS and OS rates for patients treated with imatinib were 50.5% and 79.5%, respectively. c-KIT exon 9 and PDGFRA mutations were prognostic factors for a poor PFS and PDGFRA mutation was a prognostic factor for a poor OS in patients treated with imatinib in multivariate Cox regression analysis. The median PFS of patients who received sunitinib treatment was 12.76 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.01–14.52). Patients with c-KIT exon 9 mutations had a longer PFS than those with other genetic aberrations. The median PFS of patients treated with regorafenib was 7.14 months (95% CI, 3.39–10.89).

Conclusions
We present real-world clinical outcomes for advanced GIST patients treated with TKIs and identify mutational status as an independent prognostic factor for patient survival.
Impact of baseline body composition on prognostic outcomes in urological malignancies treated with immunotherapy: a pooled analysis of 10 retrospective studies
Authors: Ma Wangbin , Shi Qiao , Zhang Lilong , Qiu Zhendong , Kuang Tianrui , Zhao Kailiang , Wang Weixing 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
Numerous epidemiological investigations have explored the impact of body composition on the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in urological malignancies (UM) patients, yielding conflicting findings. As a result, our study aims to elucidate the influence of baseline body composition on the long-term prognosis of UM patients treated with ICIs.

Methods
We employed a rigorous systematic search across various databases, including PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, to identify studies meeting our inclusion criteria. Our primary endpoints of interest encompassed overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
This analysis included a total of 10 articles with a combined patient cohort of 707 individuals. Our findings revealed a noteworthy association between several body composition parameters and unfavorable OS outcomes, including low psoas muscle index (PMI; HR: 3.88, p < 0.001), low skeletal muscle index (SMI; HR: 1.63, p < 0.001), sarcopenia (HR: 1.88, p < 0.001), low visceral adipose index (VAI; HR: 1.38, p = 0.018) and low subcutaneous adipose index (SAI; HR: 1.37, p = 0.018). Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that low PMI (HR: 2.05, p = 0.006), low SMI (HR: 1.89, p = 0.002), sarcopenia (HR: 1.80, p < 0.001), and low VAI (HR:1.59, p = 0.005) were significantly correlated with inferior PFS. Conversely, SAI did not manifest a pronounced association with PFS in UM patients treated with ICIs.

Conclusion
Collectively, our study findings underscore a substantial relationship between baseline body composition and reduced clinical efficacy in UM patients undergoing ICI therapy.
Circ_0000069 promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating CCL25
Authors: Zeng Junshao , Feng Yi , Lin Liwen , Ye Huifeng , Shen Haoming , Sun Yifan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, influenced by aberrant circRNA expression. Investigating circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions can unveil underlying mechanisms of HCC and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods
In this study, we conducted differential analyses of mRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs, and established their relationships using various databases such as miRanda, miRDB, and miTarBase. Additionally, functional enrichment and immune infiltration analyses were performed to evaluate the roles of key genes. We also conducted qPCR assays and western blotting (WB) to examine the expression levels of circRNA, CCL25, and MAP2K1 in both HCC cells and clinical samples. Furthermore, we utilized overexpression and knockdown techniques for circ_0000069 and conducted wound healing, transwell invasion assays, and a tumorigenesis experiment to assess the migratory and invasive abilities of HCC cells.

Results
Our findings revealed significant differential expression of 612 upregulated genes and 1173 downregulated genes in HCC samples compared to normal liver tissue. Additionally, 429 upregulated circRNAs and 453 downregulated circRNAs were identified. Significantly, circ_0000069 exhibited upregulation in HCC tissues and cell lines. The overexpression of circ_0000069 notably increased the invasion and migration capacity of Huh7 cells, whereas the downregulation of circ_0000069 reduced this capability in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, this effect was counteracted by CCL25 silencing or overexpression, separately. Animal studies further confirmed that the overexpression of hsa_circ_0000069 facilitated tumor growth in xenografted nude mice, while the inhibition of CCL25 attenuated this effect.

Conclusion
Circ_0000069 appears to promote HCC progression by regulating CCL25, suggesting that both circ_0000069 and CCL25 can serve as potential therapeutic targets.