bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
C1qrs292001 polymorphism and C1q antibodies in juvenile lupus and their relation to lupus nephritis
Authors: Mosaad Y M , Hammad A , Fawzy Z , El-Refaaey A , Tawhid Z , Hammad E M , Youssef L F , ElAttar E A A , Radwan D F , Fawzy I M 
Published: June 2015

SummaryC1q deficiency is related strongly to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but very few and inconsistent studies explored the single nucleotide polymorphisms of the C1q gene in relation to juvenile SLE (jSLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). The objective of this study was to analyse whether C1q rs 292001 polymorphism is associated with SLE and disease phenotype, especially nephritis, and to investigate the relation between this polymorphism and clinical data, treatment outcome, serum level of C1q protein and antibodies. Typing of C1q rs292001 polymorphism using restriction fragment length polymorphism and measuring serum levels of C1q protein and antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed for 130 children with SLE and 208 healthy controls. The A allele of C1q rs292001 was associated with jSLE and LN (P = 0·005 and 0·013, respectively) and the AA genotype was associated with jSLE (P = 0·036). Low serum levels of C1q protein were found in jSLE and LN (P &lt; 0·001 and 0·009, respectively), and these levels were increased after treatment in patients with LN (P = 0·009) and active renal disease (P = 0·027). Higher titres of C1q antibodies were found in patients with LN (P = 0·015) and correlated negatively with C1q protein level (P &lt; 0·001) and patient age (P = 0·04). The A allele and AA genotype of C1q rs292001 can be considered a susceptibility risk factor and the GG genotype could be considered protective for jSLE and LN in the studied cohort of Egyptian children. Decreased serum levels of C1q protein and increased titres of C1q antibodies may be involved in the pathogenesis of jSLE, especially LN.
Being counted? Examining the prevalence of looked‐after disabled children and young people across the UK
Authors: Hill Louise , Baker Claire , Kelly Bernadette , Dowling Sandra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSince the 1970s, there has been growing academic interest in children and young people living in state care and, more recently, in the lives of disabled children. However, there has been little attention on the lives of disabled children who are looked after by the state. This paper compares and critiques what is known about the numbers of disabled children who are looked after in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. We discuss the conceptual and methodological limitations of systematically collecting data on disabled children in state care across the UK. We argue that to ensure that the rights of disabled children in state care are identified, acknowledged and upheld, ‘being counted’ is a fundamental first step.
Immigrant Children: Their Experience of Violence at School and Community in Host Country
Authors: Brabant Louise Hamelin , Lapierre Simon , Damant Dominique , Dubé‐Quenum Mélissa , Lessard Geneviève , Fournier Claudia 
Published: June 2015

This article describes our qualitative sociological study of immigrant children's life experiences of violence. We conducted interviews with 42 first‐generation immigrant children from any country, aged 9–13 years old, living in the Quebec City region (Canada). Results from three main themes are presented: representations of violence and concrete violent acts experienced; perceived effects of violence on children health and well‐being; and reactions and coping strategies. Overall, the narratives show that they may experience racist peer violence in school that leads to suffering situations, and they consequently have to develop strategies to maintain their well‐being. Social implications are discussed.
Hand‐sewn coloanal anastomosis for low rectal cancer: technique and long‐term outcome
Authors: Tekkis P. , Tan E. , Kontovounisios C. , Kinross J. , Georgiou C. , Nicholls R. J. , Rasheed S. , Brown G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis study compared the operative outcome and long‐term survival of three types of hand‐sewn coloanal anastomosis (CAA) for low rectal cancer.MethodPatients presenting with low rectal cancer at a single centre between 2006 and 2014 were classified into three types of hand‐sewn CAA: type 1 (supra‐anal tumours undergoing transabdominal division of the rectum with transanal mucosectomy); type 2 (juxta‐anal tumours, undergoing partial intersphincteric resection); and type 3 (intra‐anal tumours, undergoing near‐total intersphincteric resection with transanal mesorectal excision).ResultsSeventy‐one patients with low rectal cancer underwent CAA: 17 type 1; 39 type 2; and 15 type 3. The median age of patients was 61.6 years, with a male/female ratio of 2:1. Neoadjuvant therapy was given to 56 (79%) patients. R0 resection was achieved in 69 (97.2%) patients. Adverse events occurred in 25 (35.2%) of the 71 patients with a higher complication rate in type 1 vs type 2 vs type 3 (47.1% vs 38.5% vs 13.3%, respectively; P = 0.035). Anastomotic separation was identified in six (8.5%) patients and pelvic haematoma/seroma in five (7%); two (8.3%) female patients developed a recto–vaginal fistula. Ten (14.1%) patients were indefinitely diverted, with a trend towards higher long‐term anastomotic failure in type 1 vs type 2 vs type 3 (17.6% vs 15.5% vs 6.7%). The type of anastomosis did not influence the overall or disease‐free survival.ConclusionCAA is a safe technique in which anorectal continuity can be preserved either as a primary restorative option in elective cases of low rectal cancer or as a salvage procedure following a failed stapled anastomosis with a less successful outcome in the latter. CAA has acceptable morbidity with good long‐term survival in carefully selected patients.
How has alcohol advertising in traditional and online media in Australia changed? Trends in advertising expenditure 1997–2011
Authors: White Victoria , Faulkner Agatha , Coomber Kerri , Azar Denise , Room Robin , Livingston Michael , Chikritzhs Tanya , Wakefield Melanie 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aim of this study was to determine changes in advertising expenditures across eight media channels for the four main alcohol beverage types and alcohol retailers in Australia.Design and MethodsYearly advertising expenditures between January 1997 and December 2011 obtained from a leading media‐monitoring company. Media channels assessed were: free‐to‐air television, newspapers, magazines, radio, outdoors (billboards), cinema, direct mail (from 2005) and online (from 2008). Data were categorised into alcohol retailers (e.g. supermarkets, off‐licences) or four alcoholic beverage types (beer, wine, spirits, premixed spirits/cider). Regression analyses examined associations between year and expenditure.ResultsTotal alcohol advertising expenditure peaked in 2007, then declined to 2011 (P = 0.02). Television advertising expenditure declined between 2000 and 2011 (P < 0.001), while outdoor advertising expenditure increased between 1997 and 2007. Alcohol retailers' advertising expenditure increased over time (P < 0.001), and from the mid‐2000s exceeded expenditure for any single beverage category. For both beer and spirits, television advertising expenditure declined over time (beer: P < 0.001; spirits: P < 0.001) while outdoor advertising expenditure increased (beer: P < 0.001; spirits: P = 0.02). However, the number of advertised beer (P < 0.001), spirits (P < 0.001) and wine (P = 0.01) products increased over time.Discussion and ConclusionsRetailers are playing an increasing role in advertising alcohol. As our study excluded non‐traditional advertising media (e.g. sponsorships, in‐store) we cannot determine whether declines in television advertising have been offset by increases in advertising in newer media channels. However, our findings that media channels used for alcohol advertising have changed over time highlights the need for adequate controls on alcohol advertising in all media channels. [White V, Faulkner A, Coomber K, Azar D, Room R, Livingston M, Chikritzhs T, Wakefield M. How has alcohol advertising in traditional and online media in Australia changed? Trends in advertising expenditure 1997–2011. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015]2015;34:521–530
Towards a Radical Re‐appropriation: Gender, Development and Neoliberal Feminism
Authors: Wilson Kalpana 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTTracing a complex trajectory from ‘liberal’ to ‘neoliberal’ feminism in development, this article argues that approaches to gender which are currently being promoted within neoliberal development frameworks, while often characterized as ‘instrumentalizing’ gender equality, in fact rely upon, extend and deepen gendered inequalities in order to sustain and strengthen processes of global capital accumulation in several ways. This is explored through development discourses and practices relating to microfinance, reproductive rights and adolescent girls. Drawing on examples from India, the article goes on to reflect on experiences of collective movements in which the assumptions underpinning this ‘Gender Equality as Smart Economics’ approach are challenged. Finally, it highlights several concepts associated with Marxist, Black, Post‐colonial and Queer feminisms and underlines their importance to projects seeking to critically redefine development, arguing for a radical re‐appropriation of gender in this context.
Development Alternatives
Authors: Radcliffe Sarah A. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTDevelopment alternatives arguably emerge out of practices, negotiations and critiques of dominant development narratives and paradigms. Critical Development Studies’ (CDS) practices of insightful critique and a willingness to challenge hegemonic paradigms are alive and well. Yet this article argues that CDS could fruitfully pay attention to emergent issues that have yet to receive sustained analysis and critique. The article focuses on three very different registers of development futures: evolutionary and resilience‐based thinking; post‐neoliberal experiments in Latin America; and the challenge of social heterogeneity. After summarizing the issues involved with respect to each topic, the article suggests some aspects that require further research and debate.
Discriminatory value of alanine aminotransferase for diabetes prediction: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Authors: Lorenzo C. , Hanley A. J. , Rewers M. J. , Haffner S. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine the incremental usefulness of adding alanine aminotransferase to established risk factors for predicting future diabetes.MethodsThe study population of the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study included 724 people aged 40–69 years. We excluded people who had excessive alcohol intake or were treated with lipid‐lowering agents. Incident diabetes was assessed after a mean follow‐up period of 5.2 years.ResultsAlanine aminotransferase had a non‐linear relationship with incident diabetes (Wald chi‐squared test, P < 0.001; P for linearity = 0.005) independent of demographic variables, family history of diabetes, BMI and fasting glucose; therefore, we used Youden's J statistic to dichotomize alanine aminotransferase [threshold ≥ 0.43 μkat/L ( ≥ 26 IU/l)]. Dichotomized alanine aminotransferase increased the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (0.805 vs. 0.823; P = 0.007) of a model that included demographic variables, family history of diabetes, BMI and fasting glucose as independent variables. The net reclassification improvement was 9.6% (95% CI 1.8–17.4; P = 0.016), and the integrated discrimination improvement was 0.031 (95% CI 0.011–0.050; P = 0.002). Dichotomized alanine aminotransferase reclassified a net of 9.6% of individuals more appropriately.ConclusionsAlanine aminotransferase may be useful for classifying individuals who are at risk of future diabetes after accounting for the effect of other risk factors, including family history, adiposity and plasma glucose.
An investigation into the relationship between thickness variations and manufacturing techniques of mouthguards
Authors: Farrington Timothy , Coward Trevor , Onambele‐Pearson Gladys , Taylor Rebecca L. , Earl Philip , Winwood Keith 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to measure the finished thickness of a single identical 4‐mm EVA mouthguard model from a large fabricated sample group and to evaluate the degree of material thinning and variations during the fabrication process.Materials and methodsTwenty boxes were distributed to dental technician participants, each containing five duplicated dental models (n = 100), alongside 5 × 4 mm mouthguard blanks and a questionnaire. The mouthguards were measured using electronic callipers (resolution: ±0.01 mm) at three specific points. The five thickest and thinnest mouthguards were examined using a CT scanner to describe the surface typography unique to each mouthguard, highlighting dimensional thinning patterns during the fabrication process.ResultsOf the three measurement points, the anterior sulcus point of the mouthguard showed a significant degree of variation (up to 34% coefficient of variation), in finished mouthguard thickness between individuals. The mean thickness of the mouthguards in the anterior region was 1.62 ± 0.38 mm with a range of 0.77–2.80 mm. This variation was also evident in the occlusion and posterior lingual regions but to a lesser extent (up to 12.2% and 9.8% variations, respectively).ConclusionThis study highlights variability in the finished thickness of the mouthguards especially in the anterior sulcus region measurement point, both within and between individuals. At the anterior region measurement point of the mouthguard, the mean thickness was 1.62 mm, equating to an overall material thinning of 59.5% when using a single 4‐mm EVA blank. This degree of thinning is comparative to previous single operator research studies.
The network structure of myrmecophilic interactions
Authors: CAGNOLO LUCIANO , TAVELLA JULIA 
Published: June 2015

1. Ants establish mutualistic interactions involving a wide range of protective relationships (myrmecophily), in which they provide defence against enemies and partners provide food rewards and/or refuge. Although similar in the general outcome, myrmecophilic interactions differ in some characteristics such as quantity and quality of rewards offered by partners which may lead to different specialisation levels and, consequently, to different network properties.2. The aim of this study was to identify structural patterns in myrmecophilic interaction networks, focusing on aspects related to specialisation: network modularity, nestedness and taxonomic relatedness of interaction ranges. To achieve this, a database of networks was compiled, including the following interactions: ants and domatia‐bearing plants (myrmecophytes); ants and extrafloral nectary‐bearing plants (EFNs); ants and floral nectary‐bearing plants (FNs); ants and Lepidoptera caterpillars; and ants andHemiptera.3. Myrmecophilic networks differed in their topology, with ant–myrmecophyte and ant–Lepidoptera networks being similar in their structural properties. A continuum was found, ranging from highly modular networks and phylogenetically structured interaction ranges in ant–myrmecophyte followed by ant–Lepidoptera networks to low modularity and taxonomically unrelated interaction ranges in ant–Hemiptera,EFNandFNnetworks.4. These results suggest that different network topologies may be found across communities of species with similar interaction types, but also, that similar network topologies can be achieved through different mechanisms such as those between ants and myrmecophytes orLepidoptera larvae. This study contributes to a generalisation of myrmecophilic network patterns and a better understanding of the relationship between specialisation and network topology.
Spatial and temporal patterns in fish community structure and abundance in the largest U.S. river swamp, the Atchafalaya River floodplain, Louisiana
Authors: Bennett Micah G. , Kozak Justin P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLong‐term monitoring is critical for documenting population and community trends and for management, especially in large river‐floodplain ecosystems that provide important services. Levees have reduced active floodplains in most large rivers, but connectivity in some reaches could promote community resilience. Using multivariate tools and regression, we examined spatial and temporal structure in fish community samples from two decades (>1000 samples, >100 sites) in one of the largest relatively intact river‐floodplain ecosystems in North America – the Atchafalaya River (ARB), Louisiana. Assemblages exhibited significant structure temporally and spatially, with most substantial effects of year and hydrologic subdivisions; however, season and water level also influenced community structure. Temporal trends in communities were limited to few areas, while declines in species richness were more widespread; however, rarefied richness trends suggested that declines were slight. Recent and long‐term declines in abundance of economically important species (e.g., Black Crappie, Largemouth Bass, Bigmouth Buffalo) and increases in others (e.g., Smallmouth Buffalo, Blue Catfish, Freshwater Drum) drove differences among time periods. Our results suggest that the hydrologic subdivisions of the ARB may be an appropriate scale at which to manage fish populations, hydrology and water quality. Although we could not account for several important factors affecting fish communities in the ARB (e.g., hurricanes, major floods), and were limited by sampling variability, our findings highlight the utility of long‐term datasets from large river‐floodplain ecosystems for identifying important scales for management, determining species contributions to community change and forming hypotheses about anthropogenic and environmental drivers of variation in fish communities.
The relationship between alexithymia, empathy and moral judgment in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gleichgerrcht E. , Tomashitis B. , Sinay V. 
Published: June 2015

Background and purposeConverging research in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has shown increased rates of alexithymia and disturbances in social cognition, including empathy and theory of mind. Moral judgment is one of the most complex spheres of human cognition, relying on intricate neural circuits related to many other affective, social, cognitive and behavioral processes.MethodsRelapsing−remitting MS patients (n = 38) and age‐, gender‐ and education‐matched controls (n = 38) completed a measure of alexithymia (Toronto Alexithymia Scale), a measure of empathy (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) and a series of moral dilemmas, for which measures of moral permissibility, emotional reactivity and moral relativity (the perception of how one's moral attitudes compare to the attitudes of the rest of the people) were derived.ResultsRelative to controls, patients exhibited decreased levels of other‐oriented empathy [empathic concern (P < 0.01) and fantasy (P < 0.01)], increased levels of self‐oriented personal distress (P < 0.01), as well as higher rates of alexithymia (P < 0.001). Moral permissibility was significantly reduced in patients with MS (P = 0.038), who also showed higher levels of emotional reactivity (P < 0.01). Additionally, a significantly higher number of patients than controls considered that respondents would deliver similar judgments to the same moral scenarios (P < 0.001).DiscussionUnderstanding such complex interactions between individual dispositions and moral cognition has the potential to contribute to the development of better assessment and intervention strategies for MS patients, enhancing quality of life by achieving better social participation.
Molecular phylogeny of Macrolycus (Coleoptera: Lycidae) with description of new species from China
Authors: Li Yun , Bocak Ladislav , Pang Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMacrolycus is a genus of net‐winged beetles with 69 species distributed in the eastern Palearctic and northernmost part of the Oriental region. The first molecular phylogeny of Macrolycus was produced using an rrnL + tRNA‐Leu + nad1 mtDNA fragment. The major lineages and species limits were identified with morphology and molecular data. We propose that Cerceros is a subgenus of Macrolycus to enable identification of all adult specimens in the genus without DNA sequencing. Two species groups are proposed in Macrolycus s. str. and six in Cerceros. Additionally, twelve Macrolycus species are newly described from China: M. aquilinus, M. baihualingensis, M. bicolor, M. guangxiensis, M. jianfenglingensis, M. kuatunensis, M. lizipingensis, M. parvus, M. phoeniceus, M. rhodoneurus, M. rosaceus and M. sichuanensis. Macrolycus holzschuhi is proposed to be a junior subjective synonym of M. jeanvoinei. The highest diversity of Macrolycus is found in southern China. The species from the main islands of Japan are placed in two species groups: M. excellens is a sister to remaining species of the M. murzini group and the M. flabellatus group is a monophylum of closely related species in a sister position to the M. bicolor group.
X‐linked focal epilepsy with reflex bathing seizures: Characterization of a distinct epileptic syndrome
Authors: Nguyen Dang Khoa , Rouleau Isabelle , Sénéchal Geneviève , Ansaldo Ana Inés , Gravel Micheline , Benfenati Fabio , Cossette Patrick 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe recently reported a Q555X mutation of synapsin 1 (SYN1) on chromosome Xp11‐q21 in a family segregating partial epilepsy and autistic spectrum disorder. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the epileptic syndrome in the original family.MethodsA total of 34 members from a large French‐Canadian family were evaluated. Family members with seizures or epilepsy underwent (when possible) clinical, neuropsychological, electrophysiologic, and neuroimaging assessments.ResultsEpilepsy was diagnosed in 10 family members (4 deceased, 6 living). In addition to occasional spontaneous complex partial seizures, seven family members clearly had reflex seizures triggered by bathing or showering. Hippocampal atrophy was found in two of five epileptic family members family members who underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Video–electroencephalography (EEG) recordings of three triggered seizures in two affected members showed rhythmic theta activity over temporal head regions. Ictal single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) showed temporoinsular perfusion changes. Detailed neuropsychological assessments revealed that SYN1 Q555X male mutation carriers showed specific language impairment and mild autistic spectrum disorder. Female carriers also exhibited reading impairments and febrile seizures but no chronic epilepsy.SignificanceAvailable evidence suggests that impaired SYN1 function is associated with hyperexcitability of the temporoinsular network and disturbance of high mental functions such as language and social interaction. The presence of reflex bathing seizures, a most peculiar clinical feature, could be helpful in identifying other patients with this syndrome.