bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility and reproducibility of spirometry and inductance plethysmography in healthy Brazilian preschoolers
Authors: França Danielle C. , Camargos Paulo A.M. , Martins Jocimar A. , Abreu Mercês C.S. , e Araújo Gilda Helena Avelar , Parreira Verônica F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRationalePreschoolers show peculiarities that reinforce the importance of assessing their pulmonary function. However, there are few data on the success rate and between‐occasions reproducibility of pulmonary function tests in preschoolers, particularly in the Brazilian population.ObjectiveTo assess the success rate and between‐occasions reproducibility of the variables obtained by spirometry and respiratory inductive plethysmography in healthy children aged 4–6 years.MethodsBreathing pattern was assessed by plethysmography (tidal volume‐VT, respiratory rate‐f, inspiratory duty cycle‐Ti/Ttot, mean respiratory flow‐VT/Ti, displacement of the rib cage‐RC and phase relation during the total breath‐PhRTB) and spirometry (forced vital capacity‐FVC, forced expiratory volume in 0.5 sec‐FEV0.5 and forced expiratory volume in first second‐FEV1) in 47 healthy children, aged 4–6 years. To evaluate between‐occasions reproducibility, 10 children (according to the sample size calculation) were reassessed after 3 weeks. Between‐occasions reproducibility was evaluated by paired t‐test, considering significant P < 0.05, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation of method error (CVME).ResultsThe results showed an 83% success rate for spirometry and a 98% success rate for plethysmography. Regarding reproducibility, there were no significant differences between the variables of any test. Spirometry ICC was above 0.80 and the CVME was lower than 10%. The plethysmography ICC was between 0.61 and 0.95, and the CVME was between 2% and 31%.ConclusionsThese results suggest a high success rate in performing the pulmonary function tests and good between‐occasions reproducibility for spirometry and plethysmography in healthy preschoolers. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:716–724. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bronchoscopic assessment of airway involvement in children presenting with clinically significant airway obstruction due to tuberculosis
Authors: Goussard Pierre , Gie Robert P. , Kling Sharon , Andronikou Savvas , Lucas Susan , Janson Jacques , Roussouw Gawie 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of complicated lymph node disease in tuberculosis (TB) in children less than 15 years of age varies from 8% to 38%. There are few published studies on the bronchoscopic appearance and severity of airway obstruction caused by lymph node involvement of the airways resulting from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). The primary aim of the study was to describe the flexible bronchoscopic findings of lymph node involvement of the airways caused by MTB in children with severe airway obstruction. The secondary aim was to compare the degree of airway involvement in HIV negative to HIV positive children as well the airway involvement caused by drug susceptible and drug resistant MTB.Patients and MethodsAll children between 1 month and 13 years of age presenting with clinical and radiological signs of significant airway obstruction suspected of being the result of MTB infection were studied. In addition to routine examination for MTB disease a flexible bronchoscope and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for MTB culture were performed on all the children.ResultsTwo hundred fifty children (16% HIV positive) were studied. Median age was 14 months and the median weight 8.5 kg. MTB was cultured from 78% (n = 194) of children with the BAL positive in 44%. The BAL culture yield was significantly higher in children with radiological evidence of pneumonia when compared to children with airway involvement alone (P = 0.004). The bronchial tree was obstructed on the right in 85% (n = 212), the left in 66% (n = 164), and both sides in 53% (n = 132) of cases. The commonest sites of obstruction were bronchus intermedius (72%) and left main bronchus (62%). Drug resistance was present in 16% (n = 28). There was no difference in the site or severity of obstruction when comparing drug susceptible to drug resistant cases or HIV positive to HIV negative children.ConclusionsBronchus intermedius and left main bronchus were the commonest sites of airway obstruction. The MTB culture yield from BAL was higher in children with pneumonia when compared to those with airway involvement alone. HIV positive or children with drug resistant TB did not have more severe airway obstruction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1000–1007. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single‐cell analysis of circulating tumor cells identifies cumulative expression patterns of EMT‐related genes in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Chun‐Liang , Mahalingam Devalingam , Osmulski Pawel , Jadhav Rohit R. , Wang Chiou‐Miin , Leach Robin J. , Chang Tien‐Cheng , Weitman Steven D. , Kumar Addanki Pratap , Sun LuZhe , Gaczynska Maria E. , Thompson Ian M. , Huang Tim Hui‐Ming 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate tumors shed circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the blood stream. Increased evidence shows that CTCs are often present in metastatic prostate cancer and can be alternative sources for disease profiling and prognostication. Here we postulate that CTCs expressing genes related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are strong predictors of metastatic prostate cancer.METHODSA microfiltration system was used to trap CTCs from peripheral blood based on size selection of large epithelial‐like cells without CD45 leukocyte marker. These cells individually retrieved with a micromanipulator device were assessed for cell membrane physical properties using atomic force microscopy. Additionally, 38 CTCs from eight prostate cancer patients were used to determine expression profiles of 84 EMT‐related and reference genes using a microfluidics‐based PCR system.RESULTSIncreased cell elasticity and membrane smoothness were found in CTCs compared to noncancerous cells, highlighting their potential invasiveness and mobility in the peripheral circulation. Despite heterogeneous expression patterns of individual CTCs, genes that promote mesenchymal transitioning into a more malignant state, including IGF1, IGF2, EGFR, FOXP3, and TGFB3, were commonly observed in these cells. An additional subset of EMT‐related genes (e.g., PTPRN2, ALDH1, ESR2, and WNT5A) were expressed in CTCs of castration‐resistant cancer, but less frequently in castration‐sensitive cancer.CONCLUSIONSThe study suggests that an incremental expression of EMT‐related genes in CTCs is associated with metastatic castration‐resistant cancer. Although CTCs represent a group of highly heterogeneous cells, their unique EMT‐related gene signatures provide a new opportunity for personalized treatments with targeted inhibitors in advanced prostate cancer patients. Prostate 73: 813–826, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Near‐infrared fluorescence imaging of gastrin releasing peptide receptor targeting in prostate cancer lymph node metastases
Authors: Cai Quan‐Yu , Yu Ping , Besch‐Williford Cynthia , Smith Charles J. , Sieckman Gary L. , Hoffman Timothy J. , Ma Lixin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDevelopment of high affinity and specificity molecular imaging probes that increase accuracy for early detection of lymph node (LN) metastases is important for improving survivorship in prostate cancer. We evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of fluorescence‐labeled bombesin (BBN) peptides to detect LN and systematic metastases in orthotopic mouse models bearing gastrin releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)‐positive human prostate cancer.METHODSPC‐3 cells were orthotopically implanted in severe combined immunedeficient or thymic nude (nu/nu) male mice. Tumor growth was monitored using magnetic resonance imaging. Alexa Fluor 680 conjugated BBN[7‐14]NH2 (AF680‐BBN) peptides were administered intravenously at 4–7 weeks post‐tumor‐implantation. Near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging was performed for up to 6 hr post‐injection. The imaging sensitivity and specificity were assessed by co‐registration of AF680‐BBN NIRF imaging and luciferase bioluminescence imaging of the PC‐3/Luc+ orthotopic mouse model.RESULTSAF680‐BBN showed a high binding affinity and selectivity to GRPR‐positive cancer in vitro and in vivo. LN and peritoneal metastases were detected by NIRF imaging, and confirmed by histopathology. Tumor‐to‐muscle (T/M) ratio was the highest at 2‐hr post‐injection (4.12 ± 1.77). Blocking experiments, using unlabeled BBN as the inhibiting agent, significantly reduced the T/M ratio (1.64 ± 0.21, P = 0.02). AF680‐BBN NIRF imaging had a sensitivity of 89.4%, specificity of 92.9%, and accuracy of 90.2% for the detection of metastases in mice.CONCULSIONSThe studies suggest the potential of use and development of NIR‐fluorescent BBN probes as site‐directed agents to help improve the current detection and LN staging accuracy in prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 842–854, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association between calcium channel blocker use and prostate cancer outcome
Authors: Poch Michael A. , Mehedint Diana , Green Dawn J. , Payne‐Ondracek Rochelle , Fontham Elizabeth T.H. , Bensen Jeannette T. , Attwood Kristopher , Wilding Gregory E. , Guru Khurshid A. , Underwood Willie , Mohler James L. , Heemers Hannelore V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpidemiological studies indicate that calcium channel blocker (CCB) use is inversely related to prostate cancer (PCa) incidence. The association between CCB use and PCa aggressiveness at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP) and outcome after RP was examined.METHODSMedication use, PCa aggressiveness and post‐RP outcome were retrieved from a prospectively populated database that contains clinical and outcome for RP patients at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) from 1993 to 2010. The database was queried for anti‐hypertensive medication use at diagnosis for patients with ≥1 year follow‐up. Recurrence was defined using NCCN guidelines. Chi‐Square tests assessed the relationship between CCB use and PCa aggressiveness. Cox regression models compared the distribution of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with adjustment for covariates. Results for association between CCB usage and PCa aggressiveness were validated using data from the population‐based North Carolina‐Louisiana Prostate Cancer Project (PCaP).RESULTS48%, 37%, and 15% of RPCI's RP patients (n = 875) had low, intermediate, and high aggressive PCa, respectively. 104 (11%) had a history of CCB use. Patients taking CCBs were more likely to be older, have a higher BMI and use additional anti‐hypertensive medications. Diagnostic PSA levels, PCa aggressiveness, and margin status were similar for CCB users and non‐users. PFS and OS did not differ between the two groups. Tumor aggressiveness was associated with PFS. CCB use in the PCaP study population was not associated with PCa aggressiveness.CONCLUSIONSCCB use is not associated with PCa aggressiveness at diagnosis, PFS or OS. Prostate 73: 865–872, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms of synergism between antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone and antagonists of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone in shrinking experimental benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Rick Ferenc G. , Schally Andrew V. , Block Norman L. , Abi‐Chaker Andrew , Krishan Awtar , Szalontay Luca 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects aging men. Combined therapy with antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GHRH) and of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LHRH or GnRH) induces prostate shrinkage in rat models. We investigated the mechanisms of action of this combination on cell cycle traverse and expression of prostatic genes.METHODSEffects of GHRH antagonist, JMR‐132 (40 µg/day), the LHRH antagonist, cetrorelix (0.625 mg/kg), and their combination were evaluated on testosterone‐induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in male Wistar rats. Influence of JMR‐132, cetrorelix, and their combinations on cell viability was assessed by MTS assay in BPH‐1 human prostate epithelial cells and WPMY‐1 normal prostate stromal cells. Cell cycle was analyzed by laser flow cytometry. Real‐time PCR arrays were performed.RESULTSThe combination of antagonists caused marked shrinkage of rat prostate (29.5%). In vitro, JMR‐132 plus cetrorelix (both 5µM) produced synergistic (57.4%) inhibition of growth of BPH‐1 cells, but a lesser inhibition (46%) of WPMY‐1 cells. Co‐treatment of with JMR‐132 plus cetrorelix induced a significant increase of BPH‐1 cells blocked in S‐phase plus cells with lower G0/G1 and G2/M DNA content. Significant changes in expression of >40 gene transcripts related to growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, and signal transduction were identified.CONCLUSIONSGHRH antagonist and LHRH antagonist combination potentiates rat prostate weight reduction and synergistically inhibits of growth of BPH‐1 leading to cell cycle arrest in S‐phase. These effects were lesser in normal stromal prostate cell line, WPMY‐1. Our findings suggest that GHRH antagonists could be useful for BPH therapy, possibly in combination with LHRH antagonists. Prostate 73: 873–883, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endothelial‐rich microenvironment supports growth and branching morphogenesis of prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Bergthorsson Jon Thor , Magnusson Magnus Karl , Gudjonsson Thorarinn 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDDevelopment of epithelial organs depends on interaction between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme including the vasculature. The aim of this study was to explore the morphogenic effect of endothelial cells on prostate epithelial cell lines in 3D culture and to establish an in vitro model for prostate branching morphogenesis.METHODSA panel of eleven cell lines originating in normal or malignant prostate and primary prostate epithelial cells were cultured in reconstituted basement membrane (rBM) matrix with or without non‐proliferating but metabolically active endothelial cells. Morphogenesis was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and further characterized by immunocyto/histocemistry and confocal microscopy.RESULTSEndothelial cells induced clonogenic potential of most prostate cell lines and formation of branching and mesenchymal‐like colonies. One of the normal‐derived cell lines in the panel (PZ‐HPV‐7) displayed unique properties in rBM culture by forming large and complex branching structures resembling the ductal architecture of the prostate. This ability was highly dependent on epithelial seeding density and soluble factors derived from the endothelial cells. High seeding density suppressed branching of PZ‐HPV‐7 but survival was compromised at low density in the absence of endothelium.CONCLUSIONSWe have generated an endothelial‐based clonogenic assay to study prostate epithelial morphogenesis in three‐dimensional context. This assay will be important tool to study prostate epithelial–endothelial interactions in 3D context and open up possibilities to study molecular regulation of prostate morphogenesis and cancer progression. Prostate 73: 884–896, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prostate cancer patients older than 70 years treated by radical prostatectomy have higher biochemical recurrence rate than their matched younger counterpart
Authors: Ko Jennifer , Falzarano Sara M. , Walker Esteban , Streator Smith Karen , Stephenson Andrew J. , Klein Eric A. , Magi‐Galluzzi Cristina 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsensus on prostate cancer (PCA) treatment in older men is currently lacking. We evaluated clinicopathological and oncological outcomes in patients >70‐year‐old treated with radical prostatectomy (RP).METHODSClinicopathological and follow‐up (FU) data for >70‐year‐old RP men (2000–2011) were recorded. Association between preoperative features, extraprostatic extension (EPE) and biochemical failure (bF), and postoperative features and bF, was explored. Patients >70‐year‐old were matched with younger (50‐ to 70‐year‐old) men with similar RP features to analyze the effect of age on bF.RESULTSTwo hundred eighteen RP patients were >70‐year‐old. Clinical stage (cT) was T1 in 74.1%. Biopsy (Bx) Gleason score (GS) was 6 (35.8%), 7 (45.9%), and ≥8 (18.3%); RP GS was 6 (10.1%), 7 (63.3%), and ≥8 (26.6%). Median PSAD was 0.14 (range: 0.01–1.12). Pathologic stage (pT) was pT3 in 45.9%. bF occurred in 14.0%. Best preoperative predictive model for pT3 disease included D'Amico risk, number of Bx positive cores, PSAD, maximum % of PCA per core (P < 0.0001); cT, PSAD and primary Bx Gleason pattern best predicted bF preoperatively (P = 0.0031). Among postoperative features, high RP GS, positive margins, and pT3 were significantly associated with bF. Margin status and pT best predicted bF. Patients >70‐year‐old had 85% higher odds of bF compared to younger men (P = 0.036).CONCLUSIONSPCA detected in >70‐year‐old men shows adverse pathologic features. Failure rate is significantly higher in older than in matched younger patients. Prostate 73: 897–903, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ocean memory effect on the dynamics of coastal heavy precipitation preceded by a mistral event in the northwestern Mediterranean
Authors: Lebeaupin Brossier Cindy , Drobinski Philippe , Béranger Karine , Bastin Sophie , Orain Francoise 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examine the possible role of 3D oceanic circulation in ‘connecting’ a strong mistral windstorm in the northwestern Mediterranean with a heavy precipitating event in southern France in November 1999. These two events are both governed by intense air–sea exchanges and are only separated by a week. From an atmospheric point of view, these two events may be considered as fully uncorrelated and independent.However, using the MORCE regional coupled system with WRF atmospheric model and NEMO‐MED12 ocean model, we show that the oceanic cyclonic circulation is a key feature, which can trap strong modifications of the ocean mixed layer over few days. In our specific situation, the mistral (5–9 November 1999) induces a rapid mixed‐layer cooling. This cold anomaly is trapped in the cyclonic gyre in the Gulf of Lions and maintained over a week. This directly affects the following heavy precipitating event (12–13 November 1999) with less energy supplied where the cold anomaly is maintained and larger evaporation near the coast. This modulates the rainfall amounts over land, with an increase in the eastern part and a decrease in the western part compared to an uncoupled simulation. These simulations highlight the key role of the general ocean circulation, and especially of the dynamic of the cyclonic gyre in the Gulf of Lions on the ocean memory in the area. The ocean maintains the temperature anomaly over typical periods of a few days, which thus enables some indirect links between two weather systems in which air–sea interactions are significant.
Evaluation of the ECMWF ocean reanalysis system ORAS4
Authors: Balmaseda Magdalena Alonso , Mogensen Kristian , Weaver Anthony T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new operational ocean reanalysis system (ORAS4) has been implemented at ECMWF. It spans the period 1958 to the present. This article describes its main components and evaluates its quality. The adequacy of ORAS4 for the initialization of seasonal forecasts is discussed, along with the robustness of some prominent climate signals.ORAS4 has been evaluated using different metrics, including comparison with observed ocean currents, RAPID‐derived transports, sea‐level gauges, and GRACE‐derived bottom pressure. Compared to a control ocean model simulation, ORAS4 improves the fit to observations, the interannual variability, and seasonal forecast skill. Some problems have been identified, such as the underestimation of meridional overturning at 26°N, the magnitude of which is shown to be sensitive to the treatment of the coastal observations.ORAS4 shows a clear and robust shallowing trend of the Pacific Equatorial thermocline. It also shows a clear and robust nonlinear trend in the 0–700 m ocean heat content, consistent with other observational estimates. Some aspects of these climate signals are sensitive to the choice of sea‐surface temperature product and the specification of the observation‐error variances. The global sea‐level trend is consistent with the altimeter estimate, but the partition into volume and mass variations is more debatable, as inferred by discrepancies in the trend between ORAS4‐ and GRACE‐derived bottom pressure.
Comments on ‘Sensitivity of tropical‐cyclone models to the surface drag coefficient’
Authors: Bryan George H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSome conclusions from a recent numerical modeling study regarding the potential intensity of tropical cyclones are shown to be attributable to a relatively short model integration time. Three‐dimensional simulations that are long enough to allow for a quasi‐steady state of maximum intensity show a result consistent with theory, i.e., that maximum intensity is inversely proportional to surface drag coefficient. An alternative hypothesis for how tropical cyclones can intensify in numerical models in the absence of surface drag is also offered.
A two‐step variational method for analyzing severely aliased radar velocity observations with small Nyquist velocities
Authors: Xu Qin , Nai Kang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBy formulating the effect of radar velocity aliasing and the resulting zigzag discontinuities into the cost function for the velocity azimuth display (VAD) analysis, the previously developed alias‐robust VAD analysis, called AR‐VAD, can estimate the horizontal mean wind by directly fitting the VAD uniform‐wind model to raw aliased radial‐velocity observations. In this article, the AR‐VAD analysis is further developed into a two‐step alias‐robust variational analysis, called AR‐Var, to estimate the radial‐velocity field beyond the VAD uniform‐wind model from raw aliased radial‐velocity observations on each range circle. In the first step, the original AR‐VAD analysis is modified to fit the raw aliased radial‐velocity observations around each of the two zero radial‐velocity points on the selected range circle. The two analyzed radial‐velocity fields are then combined into a single radial‐velocity field not rigidly constrained by the VAD uniform‐wind assumption. This combined radial‐velocity field represents an improved fit to the observations over the entire range circle and thus can be used as the first‐guess background to refine and perform the AR‐Var analysis in the second step. The two‐step AR‐Var analysis can provide a reliable reference radial‐velocity field for the reference check in radar velocity de‐aliasing even when the Nyquist velocity is reduced below 12 m s−1, and this is illustrated by both idealized and real examples.