bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nadir hemoglobin is associated with poor outcome from intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chang Tiffany R , Boehme Amelia K , Aysenne Aimee , Albright Karen C , Burns Christopher , Beasley T Mark , Martin-Schild Sheryl 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective
Examine the relationship between anemia and outcomes from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods
Patients admitted with spontaneous ICH between July 2008 and December 2010 were identified from our prospective stroke registry. Patients were divided into two groups based on admission hemoglobin (low vs. normal based on laboratory reference range for gender). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups using Chi-square, t-tests and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests. Primary outcome was functional status at discharge, with modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 5–6 considered a poor outcome. Cumulative logit and logistic regression models were used to assess the relationships between baseline hemoglobin, nadir hemoglobin, and transfusion with outcomes.

Results
Of the 109 patients, 28% (n = 30) were anemic on admission. Baseline anemia did not predict the primary outcome. Nadir hemoglobin was associated with poor functional outcome at discharge (OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.31-1.90, p < 0.0001) and remained significant after adjusting for age, baseline NIHSS, transfusion, and length of stay (OR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.06-1.94, p = 0.02). Patients who received a transfusion had 9 times greater odds of having a discharge mRS 5–6 (OR 9.37, 95% CI 2.84-30.88, p = 0.0002) compared with patients who did not receive transfusion. This was no longer statistically significant after adjusting for other factors impacting outcome (OR 4.01, 95% CI 0.64-25.32, p = 0.1392). Neither nadir hemoglobin nor transfusion was found to be independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion
This study suggests that nadir hemoglobin, not admission hemoglobin, can be used to predict poor functional outcome. Transfusion was not an independent predictor of poor outcome from ICH.
Bioprocess and biotechnology: effect of xylanase from Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus on pulp biobleaching and enzyme production using agroindustrial residues as substract
Authors: de Alencar Guimaraes Nelciele Cavalieri , Sorgatto Michele , Peixoto-Nogueira Simone de Carvalho , Betini Jorge Henrique Almeida , Zanoelo Fabiana Fonseca , Marques Maria Rita , de Moraes Polizeli Maria de Lourdes Teixeira , Giannesi Giovana C 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This study compares two xylanases produced by filamentous fungi such as A. niger and A. flavus using agroindustrial residues as substract and evaluated the effect of these enzymes on cellulose pulp biobleaching process. Wheat bran was the best carbon source for xylanase production by A. niger and A. flavus. The production of xylanase was 18 and 21% higher on wheat bran when we compare the xylanase production with xylan. At 50°C, the xylanase of A. niger retained over 85% activity with 2 h of incubation, and A. flavus had a half-life of more than 75 minutes. At 55°C, the xylanase produced by A. niger showed more stable than from A. flavus showing a half-life of more than 45 minutes. The xylanase activity of A. niger and A. flavus were somehow protected in the presence of glycerol 5% when compared to the control (without additives). On the biobleaching assay it was observed that the xylanase from A. flavus was more effective in comparison to A. niger. The kappa efficiency corresponded to 36.32 and 25.93, respectively. That is important to emphasize that the cellulase activity was either analyzed and significant levels were not detected, which explain why the viscosity was not significantly modified.
Problem gambling and family violence: family member reports of prevalence, family impacts and family coping
Authors: Suomi Aino , Jackson Alun C , Dowling Nicki A , Lavis Tiffany , Patford Janet , Thomas Shane A , Harvey Peter , Abbott Max , Bellringer Maria E , Koziol-McLain Jane , Cockman Sue 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
There exists only a small number of empirical studies investigating the patterns of family violence in problem gambling populations, although some evidence exists that intimate partner violence and child abuse are among the most severe interpersonal correlates of problem gambling. The current article reports on the Australian arm of a large-scale study of the patterns and prevalence of co-occurrence of family violence and problem gambling in Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong. The current study screened 120 help-seeking family members of problem gamblers in a range of clinical services for both family violence and problem gambling. The main results showed that 52.5% reported some form of family violence in the past 12 months: 20.0% reported only victimisation, 10.8% reported only perpetration and 21.6% reported both victimisation and perpetration of family violence. Parents, current and ex-partners were most likely to be both perpetrators and victims of family violence. There were no gender differences in reciprocal violence but females were more likely to be only victims and less likely to report no violence in comparison to males. Most of the 32 participants interviewed in depth, reported that gambling generally preceded family violence. The findings suggest that perpetration of family violence was more likely to occur as a reaction to deeply-rooted and accumulated anger and mistrust whereas victimisation was an outcome of gambler’s anger brought on by immediate gambling losses and frustration. While multiple and intertwined negative family impacts were likely to occur in the presence of family violence, gambling-related coping strategies were not associated with the presence or absence of family violence. The implications of the findings for service providers are discussed.
Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga for Sleep Quality Among Cancer Survivors
Authors: Mustian Karen M. , Sprod Lisa K. , Janelsins Michelle , Peppone Luke J. , Palesh Oxana G. , Chandwani Kavita , Reddy Pavan S. , Melnik Marianne K. , Heckler Charles , Morrow Gary R. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThirty percent to 90% of cancer survivors report impaired sleep quality post-treatment, which can be severe enough to increase morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle interventions, such as exercise, are recommended in conjunction with drugs and cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of impaired sleep. Preliminary evidence indicates that yoga—a mind-body practice and form of exercise—may improve sleep among cancer survivors. The primary aim of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to determine the efficacy of a standardized yoga intervention compared with standard care for improving global sleep quality (primary outcome) among post-treatment cancer survivors.Patients and MethodsIn all, 410 survivors suffering from moderate or greater sleep disruption between 2 and 24 months after surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy were randomly assigned to standard care or standard care plus the 4-week yoga intervention. The yoga intervention used the Yoga for Cancer Survivors (YOCAS) program consisting of pranayama (breathing exercises), 16 Gentle Hatha and Restorative yoga asanas (postures), and meditation. Participants attended two 75-minute sessions per week. Sleep quality was assessed by using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy pre- and postintervention.ResultsIn all, 410 survivors were accrued (96% female; mean age, 54 years; 75% had breast cancer). Yoga participants demonstrated greater improvements in global sleep quality and, secondarily, subjective sleep quality, daytime dysfunction, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, and medication use at postintervention (all P ≤ .05) compared with standard care participants.ConclusionYoga, specifically the YOCAS program, is a useful treatment for improving sleep quality and reducing sleep medication use among cancer survivors.
Photoelectric Conversion Properties of Compositionally Graded Dye–Titania Electrode
Authors: Setiawan Rudi Agus , Nishikiori Hiromasa , Tanaka Nobuaki , Fujii Tsuneo 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The compositionally graded dye–titania electrode (WE-C) was prepared by combining thin films having different compositions of dye and titania through a sol–gel process. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of WE-C was higher than the normal electrode (WE-N) because a step-like band structure was formed due to the difference in the conduction band level of the thin layers in the WE-C. This structure is presumed to provide the driving force of the electron transport and inhibit the back electron transfer.
Regulation of CYP3A genes by glucocorticoids in human lung cells
Authors: Roberts Jessica K , Moore Chad D , Romero Erin G , Ward Robert M , Yost Garold S , Reilly Christopher A 
Published: August 2013

Inhaled glucocorticoids are the first-line treatment for patients with persistent asthma. However, approximately thirty percent of patients exhibit glucocorticoid insensitivity, which may involve excess metabolic clearance of the glucocorticoids by CYP3A enzymes in the lung. CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7 enzymes metabolize glucocorticoids, which in turn induce CYP3A genes. However, the mechanism of CYP3A5 mRNA regulation by glucocorticoids in lung cells has not been determined. In hepatocytes, glucocorticoids bind to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which induces the expression of the constitutive androstane receptor or pregnane X receptor; both of which bind to the retinoid X receptor alpha, leading to the induction of CYP3A4, 3A5, and 3A7. There is also evidence to suggest a direct induction of CYP3A5 by GR activation in liver cells. In this study, these pathways were evaluated as the mechanism for CYP3A5 mRNA induction by glucocorticoids in freshly isolated primary tracheal epithelial, adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial (A549), immortalized bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B), primary normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE), primary small airway epithelial (SAEC), and primary lobar epithelial lung cells. In A549 cells, beclomethasone 17-monopropionate ([M1]) induced CYP3A5 mRNA through the glucocorticoid receptor. CYP3A5 mRNA induction by five different glucocorticoids was attenuated by inhibiting the glucocorticoid receptor using ketoconazole, and for beclomethasone dipropionate, using siRNA-mediated knock-down of the glucocorticoid receptor. The constitutive androstane receptor was not expressed in lung cells. SAEC cells, a primary lung cell line, expressed CYP3A5, but CYP3A5 mRNA was not induced by glucocorticoid treatment despite evaluating a multitude of cell culture conditions. None of the other lung cells expressed CYP3A4, 3A5 or 3A7 mRNA. These studies demonstrate that CYP3A5 mRNA is induced by glucocorticoids in A549 cells via the glucocorticoid receptor, but that additional undefined regulatory processes exist in primary lung cells.
Technical and Economic Assessment of Protection Methods against Noise (as exemplified by the Noise of Refinery Furnaces’ Burner Units)
Authors: Катин  , Katin V. , Косыгин  , Kosygin V. 
Published: August 2013

The technical and economic assessment of noise-protective actions is made during the operation of refinery furnaces’ burner units. The presented assessment technique is applicable to evaluation of protection measures against noise created by several sources.
The assessment problem is solved with application of Lagrange multiplier method.
The Brazilian sertão as post-national landscape in the work of Marcelo Gomes
Authors: Dennison Stephanie 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article takes as its main focus Marcelo Gomes’s 2005 Cinema, Aspirins and Vultures and examines the extent to which, through Gomes’ work, we can identify the emergence of a new, ‘post-national’ cinema in Brazil. Such post-national film-making represents a move beyond concerns for the need to represent in an authentic fashion the nation on screen and discussions of national identity, more broadly speaking, that have marked Brazilian cinema for decades, and particularly in relation to the representation of the sertão or Brazilian backlands as a site of ‘cultural purity’. Instead, it opens up the possibility of reading Brazilian films in a much wider framework such as that of World Cinema.
Filming Fierro: Aesthetics and politics in film adaptations of national-epic poetry
Authors: Bollig Ben 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Adaptations of epics such as Beowulf or the Odyssey generally treat their source material as narrative, relating plot and character at the expense of poetics. José Hernández’s gaucho epic poem ‘Martín Fierro’/‘La vuelta de Martín Fierro’ can now lay claim to half a dozen versions in film and animation. Hernández’s work has proved remarkably adaptable to a range of political and artistic interpretations; the poem has been read as a nostalgic celebration of a rural culture quickly disappearing, as a conservative reaction to modernizing national projects, and as a model of artistic-cultural integration for a new, modern nation. Cinematic versions have offered equally varied approaches to its politics. This article uses the fictional adaptation of Fierro proposed in Thomas Pynchon’s 1973 novel Gravity’s Rainbow as a starting point for an examination of the poetics of filmic adaptation. What of the poem’s specific prosodic features – the use of a traditional verse form, its rhythm, rhyme and distinctive lexis – are adopted and/or adapted by filmic versions, and what relationship, if any, can be detected between the implicit political standpoints of different versions and the aesthetic approach to the source text? If Pynchon’s fictional adaptation formed part of an anarchist plot, what political plotting can be detected in real-life film adaptations of the poem?
Ultrasensitive serum thyroglobulin measurement is useful for the follow-up of patients treated with total thyroidectomy without radioactive iodine ablation
Authors: Nascimento C , Borget I , Troalen F , Al Ghuzlan A , Deandreis D , Hartl D , Lumbroso J , Chougnet C N , Baudin E , Schlumberger M , Leboulleux S 
Published: August 2013

ContextThyroglobulin (Tg) measurement is a major tool for the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients; however, in patients who do not undergo radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation, normal ultrasensitive Tg levels measured under levothyroxine treatment (usTg/l-T4) are not well defined.Objective and designThis single-center retrospective study assessed usTg/l-T4 level in 86 consecutive patients treated with total thyroidectomy without RAI ablation for low-risk DTC (n=77) or for tumors of uncertain malignant potential (TUMP) (n=9).ResultsDTCs were classified as pT1, pT2, and pT3 in 75, 1, and 1 case respectively and pN0, pN1, and pNx in 40, 6, and 31 respectively. Following surgery, ten patients had Tg antibodies (TgAb). Among those without TgAb, the first usTg/l-T4 determination obtained at a mean time of 9 months after surgery was ≤0.1 ng/ml in 62% of cases, ≤0.3 ng/ml in 82% of cases, ≤1 ng/ml in 91%, and ≤2 ng/ml in 96% of cases. After a median follow-up of 2.5 years (range: 0.6–7.2 years), one patient had persistent disease with an usTg/l-T4 at 11 ng/ml and an abnormal neck ultrasonography (US) and two patients had usTg/l-T4 level >2 ng/ml (3.9 and 4.9 ng/ml) with a normal neck US. Within the first 2 years following total thyroidectomy without RAI ablation, usTg/l-T4 level is ≤2 ng/ml in 96% of the cases.ConclusionAfter total thyroidectomy, sensitive serum Tg/l-T4 level is ≤2 ng/ml in most patients and can be used for patient follow-up.
Functional Abdominal Pain in Childhood and Long-term Vulnerability to Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Shelby Grace D. , Shirkey Kezia C. , Sherman Amanda L. , Beck Joy E. , Haman Kirsten , Shears Angela R. , Horst Sara N. , Smith Craig A. , Garber Judy , Walker Lynn S. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND:
Cross-sectional studies link functional abdominal pain (FAP) to anxiety and depression in childhood, but no prospective study has evaluated psychiatric status in adulthood or its relation to pain persistence.

METHODS:
Pediatric patients with FAP (n = 332) and control subjects (n = 147) were tracked prospectively and evaluated for psychiatric disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) at follow-up in adolescence and young adulthood (mean age = 20.01 years). Participants were classified according to presence (FGID-POS) or absence (FGID-NEG) of FGIDs at follow-up.

RESULTS:
Lifetime and current risk of anxiety disorders was higher in FAP than controls (lifetime: 51% vs 20%; current: 30% vs 12%). Controlling for gender and age, the odds ratio was 4.9 (confidence interval = 2.83–7.43) for lifetime anxiety disorder and 3.57 (confidence interval = 2.00–6.36) for current anxiety disorder at follow-up for FAP versus controls. Lifetime risk of depressive disorder was significantly higher in FAP versus controls (40% vs. 16%); current risk did not differ. In most cases, initial onset of anxiety disorders was before pediatric FAP evaluation; onset of depressive disorders was subsequent to FAP evaluation. Within the FAP group, risk of current anxiety disorders at follow-up was significantly higher for FGID-POS versus FGID-NEG (40% vs 24%), and both were higher than controls (12%); current depressive disorders did not differ across FGID-POS, FGID-NEG, and controls.

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with FAP carry long-term vulnerability to anxiety that begins in childhood and persists into late adolescence and early adulthood, even if abdominal pain resolves.
Ethnic Differences in the Link Between Insulin Resistance and Elevated ALT
Authors: DeBoer Mark D. , Wiener R. Constance , Barnes Barrett H. , Gurka Matthew J. 
Published: August 2013

BACKGROUND:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits tight links with insulin resistance (IR) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic black adolescents have more IR but a lower prevalence of NAFLD and MetS. Our hypothesis was that IR would be a better predictor of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations than is MetS among non-Hispanic blacks.

METHODS:
We analyzed data from 4124 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years in the 1999 to 2010 NHANES, using unexplained elevations in ALT (&gt;30 U/L) to characterize presumed NAFLD and using a pediatric adaptation of the Adult Treatment Panel III definition of MetS.

RESULTS:
Prevalence of elevated ALT varied by race/ethnicity (Hispanics 13.7%, non-Hispanic white 8.6%, non-Hispanic blacks 5.4%, P &lt; .0001). Among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics, a classification of MetS performed well in identifying adolescents with elevated ALT (odds ratios [ORs] 9.53 and 5.56, respectively), as did MetS-related indices. However, among non-Hispanic blacks, the association between MetS and ALT elevations was smaller in magnitude and technically nonsignificant (OR = 3.24, P = .051). Furthermore, among non-Hispanic blacks, the presence of IR and elevated waist circumference performed more poorly at identifying ALT elevations (ORs 3.93 and 2.28, respectively: significantly smaller than ORs for non-Hispanic whites, P &lt; .05), with triglyceride elevations being a better predictor (OR = 4.44).

CONCLUSIONS:
Non-Hispanic black adolescents exhibit a lower relationship between IR and elevated ALT, supporting racial/ethnic differences in the link between MetS and NAFLD. These data may have implications regarding triggers for screening for NAFLD among non-Hispanic black adolescents, focusing particularly on those with triglyceride elevations.
Disparities in Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: Biological, Social, and Health System Determinants and Opportunities for Research
Authors: Wheeler Stephanie B. , Reeder-Hayes Katherine E. , Carey Lisa A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Racial disparities in breast cancer mortality have been widely documented for several decades and persist despite advances in receipt of mammography across racial groups. This persistence leads to questions about the roles of biological, social, and health system determinants of poor outcomes. Cancer outcomes are a function not only of innate biological factors but also of modifiable characteristics of individual behavior and decision making as well as characteristics of patient-health system interaction and the health system itself. Attempts to explain persistent racial disparities have mostly been limited to discussion of differences in insurance coverage, socioeconomic status, tumor stage at diagnosis, comorbidity, and molecular subtype of the tumor. This article summarizes existing literature exploring reasons for racial disparities in breast cancer mortality, with an emphasis on treatment disparities and opportunities for future research. Because breast cancer care requires a high degree of multidisciplinary team collaboration, ensuring that guideline recommended treatment (such as endocrine therapy for hormone receptor positive patients) is received by all racial/ethnic groups is critical and requires coordination across multiple providers and health care settings. Recognition that variation in cancer care quality may be correlated with race (and socioeconomic and health system factors) may assist policy makers in identifying strategies to more equally distribute clinical expertise and health infrastructure across multiple user populations.
Acute Metabolic Effects of Exenatide in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes With and Without Residual Insulin to Oral and Intravenous Glucose Challenges
Authors: Ghazi Tara , Rink Linda , Sherr Jennifer L. , Herold Kevan C. 
Published: August 2013

OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that is released from the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment with GLP-1 analogs has proven to be of clinical use for patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes, particularly those with residual β-cell function, may also respond to treatment, but the acute metabolic effects of GLP-1 analogs on these patients in reaction to both oral and intravenous glucose challenges are not well understood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Seventeen patients with type 1 diabetes, half of whom had residual insulin production, underwent two mixed-meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) and two intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs), with and without pretreatment with exenatide. No exogenous bolus insulin was administered for the studies. Glucose excursions, insulin secretion rates (ISRs), and levels of glucagon, endogenous GLP-1, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were measured after the meal or glucose loads.

RESULTS
During the MMTT, glucose levels were suppressed with exenatide in patients with or without residual insulin production (P = 0.0003). Exenatide treatment did not change the absolute ISR, but the ISR to glucose levels were increased (P = 0.0078). Gastric emptying was delayed (P = 0.0017), and glucagon was suppressed (P = 0.0015). None of these hormonal or glucose changes were detected during the IVGTT with exenatide administration.

CONCLUSIONS
Exenatide showed a significant antidiabetogenic effect prior to an oral meal in patients with type 1 diabetes involving glucagon suppression and gastric emptying, while preserving increased insulin secretion. GLP-1 analogs may be useful as an adjunctive treatment in type 1 diabetes.