bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of seismicity clustered near the Cordel Field, west central Alberta, and its relation to a nearby disposal well
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Stern Virginia , Gu Yu Jeffrey 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHistorically, seismicity documented in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin has been relatively quiescent and earthquakes are usually restricted to the foreland belt of the Rocky Mountains. However, exceptional clusters of events, which have remained active for decades, are recognized in Alberta. In this study we investigate the seismicity in this region using data obtained from recently established regional arrays, emphasizing the relationship between a disposal well in the Cordel Field and a nearby cluster of previously reported earthquakes. We explore temporal correlations of wastewater pumping rates and local seismic activity dating back to 1960. We find that the first statistically significant increase in seismicity lags the onset of wastewater injection (October 1991) by ~3.33 years. In particular, the waveform similarity of 32 events are analyzed from continuous data recorded at NOR, a nearby (~30 km) station operated by the University of Alberta starting in September of 2006. Results from this analysis suggest that many events are well correlated in the characteristics of the waveforms and thus are likely to share a similar origin and source mechanism. The most prolific of these multiplets repeats more than 10 times sporadically throughout the entire duration of recorded data from October 2006 to March 2012. Despite the limited availability of nearby stations, which adversely affects the resolution of our analysis, hypocenter depths could be relatively accurately determined from waveform synthesis and double difference methods. The results of our analysis provide first‐order evidence that the seismicity is consistent with fluid injection‐induced events.
Macrophysical and microphysical properties of monsoon clouds over a rain shadow region in India from ground‐based radiometric measurements
Authors: Harikishan G. , Padmakumari B. , Maheskumar R. S. , Pandithurai G. , Min Q. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe important radiative properties of clouds such as cloud optical depth (COD) and droplet effective radii (Re) are retrieved from the simultaneous measurements by ground‐based multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) and microwave radiometric profiler (MWRP), colocated at Mahabubnagar, a rain shadow region in southern Indian peninsula. Min and Harisson's (1996) retrieval algorithm is used for the first time to derive monsoon cloud properties in India. COD and liquid water path (LWP) retrieved from two independent instruments of MFRSR and MWRP showed reasonably good correlation. During monsoon (July to September) and postmonsoon (October) months, the maximum probability of occurrence of COD for overcast sky is 20. The maximum probability of occurrence of LWP is 100 gm−2 for water clouds during monsoon months, while October showed maximum occurrence at a lower value of 50 gm−2, where most of the times the cloud bases are above freezing level indicating mixed phase clouds. Maximum Re varied from 14–16 µm (10–12%) to 12 µm (9%) during monsoon to postmonsoon transition with very less probability of occurrence indicating the characteristic feature of this region. A case study showed that the mean Re from ground‐based and aircraft measurements are 12.0 ± 3.7 µm and 8.14 ± 1.4 µm, respectively, indicating a fairly good agreement within the experimental constraints. Intercomparison of ground‐based and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)‐Terra and MODIS‐Aqua‐derived COD, LWP and Re over the observational site for overcast and warm clouds indicates that on an average, MODIS‐retrieved mean COD and LWP are underestimated, while mean Re is overestimated as compared to ground retrievals.
Precipitation and air pollution at mountain and plain stations in northern China: Insights gained from observations and modeling
Authors: Guo Jianping , Deng Minjun , Fan Jiwen , Li Zhanqing , Chen Qian , Zhai Panmao , Dai Zhijian , Li Xiaowen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe analyzed 40 year data sets of daily average visibility (a proxy for surface aerosol concentration) and hourly precipitation at seven weather stations, including three stations located on the Taihang Mountains, during the summertime in northern China. There was no significant trend in summertime total precipitation at almost all stations. However, light rain decreased, whereas heavy rain increased as visibility decreased over the period studied. The decrease in light rain was seen in both orographic‐forced shallow clouds and mesoscale stratiform clouds. The consistent trends in observed changes in visibility, precipitation, and orographic factor appear to be a testimony to the effects of aerosols. The potential impact of large‐scale environmental factors, such as precipitable water, convective available potential energy, and vertical wind shear, on precipitation was investigated. No direct links were found. To validate our observational hypothesis about aerosol effects, Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations with spectral‐bin microphysics at the cloud‐resolving scale were conducted. Model results confirmed the role of aerosol indirect effects in reducing the light rain amount and frequency in the mountainous area for both orographic‐forced shallow clouds and mesoscale stratiform clouds and in eliciting a different response in the neighboring plains. The opposite response of light rain to the increase in pollution when there is no terrain included in the model suggests that orography is likely a significant factor contributing to the opposite trends in light rain seen in mountainous and plain areas.
Latest Quaternary paleoseismology and evidence of distributed dextral shear along the Mohawk Valley fault zone, northern Walker Lane, California
Authors: Gold Ryan D. , Briggs Richard W. , Personius Stephen F. , Crone Anthony J. , Mahan Shannon A. , Angster Stephen J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe dextral‐slip Mohawk Valley fault zone (MVFZ) strikes northwestward along the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada in the northern Walker Lane. Geodetic block modeling indicates that the MVFZ may accommodate ~3 mm/yr of regional dextral strain, implying that it is the highest slip‐rate strike‐slip fault in the region; however, only limited geologic data are available to constrain the system's slip rate and earthquake history. We mapped the MVFZ using airborne lidar data and field observations and identified a site near Sulphur Creek for paleoseismic investigation. At this site, oblique dextral‐normal faulting on the steep valley margin has created a closed depression that floods annually during spring snowmelt to form an ephemeral pond. We excavated three fault‐perpendicular trenches at the site and exposed pond sediment that interfingers with multiple colluvial packages eroded from the scarp that bounds the eastern side of the pond. We documented evidence for four surface‐rupturing earthquakes on this strand of the MVFZ. OxCal modeling of radiocarbon and luminescence ages indicates that these earthquakes occurred at 14.0 ka, 12.8 ka, 5.7 ka, and 1.9 ka. The mean ~4 kyr recurrence interval is inconsistent with slip rates of ~3 mm/yr; these rates imply surface ruptures of more than 10 m per event, which is geologically implausible for the subdued geomorphic expression and 60 km length of the MVFZ. We propose that unidentified structures not yet incorporated into geodetic models may accommodate significant dextral shear across the northern Walker Lane, highlighting the role of distributed deformation in this region.
Partner Characteristics and Social Contagion: Does Group Composition Matter?
Authors: Andrews Jessica J. , Rapp David N. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPeople's incorrect recalls can contaminate their collaborators' performance on subsequent tasks, referred to as the social contagion of memory. Research investigating how expectations about group members' abilities and affiliations relate to such contagion has given little attention to the mechanisms underlying any differential reliance on collaborators' contributions. In two experiments, we investigated whether expectations about a collaborative partner influence social contagion and whether source monitoring was related to any differential reliance. Contagion was reduced, for both accurate and inaccurate information, when participants worked with a partner perceived to be of low as compared with high credibility. Participants also showed reduced contagion after working with an out‐group as compared with an in‐group partner. These findings indicate that partner characteristics influence whether the information generated during a collaborative task is encoded and/or relied upon later. Expectations about potentially problematic sources can motivate resistance to misinformation through careful monitoring of partner contributions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mortality among a cohort of U.S. commercial airline cockpit crew
Authors: Yong Lee C. , Pinkerton Lynne E. , Yiin James H. , Anderson Jeri L. , Deddens James A. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWe evaluated mortality among 5,964 former U.S. commercial cockpit crew (pilots and flight engineers). The outcomes of a priori interest were non‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia, central nervous system (CNS) cancer (including brain), and malignant melanoma.MethodsVital status was ascertained through 2008. Life table and Cox regression analyses were conducted. Cumulative exposure to cosmic radiation was estimated from work history data.ResultsCompared to the U.S. general population, mortality from all causes, all cancer, and cardiovascular diseases was decreased, but mortality from aircraft accidents was highly elevated. Mortality was elevated for malignant melanoma but not for non‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CNS cancer mortality increased with an increase in cumulative radiation dose.ConclusionsCockpit crew had a low all‐cause, all‐cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality but elevated aircraft accident mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify the risk of CNS and other radiation‐associated cancers in relation to cosmic radiation and other workplace exposures. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:906–914, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do hearing protectors protect hearing?
Authors: Groenewold Matthew R. , Masterson Elizabeth A. , Themann Christa L. , Davis Rickie R. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundWe examined the association between self‐reported hearing protection use at work and incidence of hearing shifts over a 5‐year period.MethodsAudiometric data from 19,911 workers were analyzed. Two hearing shift measures—OSHA standard threshold shift (OSTS) and high‐frequency threshold shift (HFTS)—were used to identify incident shifts in hearing between workers' 2005 and 2009 audiograms. Adjusted odds ratios were generated using multivariable logistic regression with multi‐level modeling.ResultsThe odds ratio for hearing shift for workers who reported never versus always wearing hearing protection was nonsignificant for OSTS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92–1.64) and marginally significant for HFTS (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00–1.59). A significant linear trend towards increased risk of HFTS with decreased use of hearing protection was observed (P = 0.02).ConclusionThe study raises concern about the effectiveness of hearing protection as a substitute for noise control to prevent noise‐induced hearing loss in the workplace. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1001–1010, 2014. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Enantioselektive Addition von Siliciumnukleophilen an Aldimine mit einem präformierten NHC‐Kupfer(I)‐Komplex als Katalysator
Authors: Hensel Alexander , Nagura Kazuhiko , Delvos Lukas B. , Oestreich Martin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDiese Arbeit befasst sich mit einer noch verbliebenen, bedeutenden Herausforderung der asymmetrischen Addition von Siliciumnukleophilen an typische prochirale Akzeptoren, der enantioselektiven 1,2‐Addition an Aldimine. Die Aktivierung der Si‐B‐Bindung des Siliciumpronukleophils durch ein Kupfer(I)‐Alkoholat mit McQuades chiralem sechsgliedrigen N‐heterocyclischen Carben als Ligand setzt das Siliciumnukleophil frei, das mit hohen Enantioselektivitäten an verschiedenartige Aldimine addiert. Die neue Methode bietet einen katalytischen asymmetrischen Zugang zu α‐silylierten Aminen.
Short glass fiber reinforced radiation crosslinked shape memory SBS/LLDPE blends
Authors: Yongkun Wang , Guangming Zhu , Yusheng Tang , Tingting Liu , Jianqiang Xie , Fang Ren 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe poly(styrene‐b‐butadiene‐b‐styrene) triblock copolymer (SBS) and linear low density polyethylene(LLDPE) were blended and irradiated by γ‐rays to prepare shape memory polymer(SMP). Various amounts of short glass fiber (SGF) were filled into SMP to form a novel shape memory SGF/SBS/LLDPE composite. The effect of SGF on the shape memory SGF/SBS/LLDPE composite was studied in terms of mechanical, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and shape memory effects. It is found that the SGF act as reinforcing fillers and significantly augment the glassy and rubbery stated moduli, tensile strength and shape memory properties. When SGF content is <2.0 wt %, full recovery can be observed after only several minutes at different temperatures and shape recovery speed reduces as the SGF content increases. The shape recovery time decreases as the temperature of the shape memory test increases and the shape recovery rate decreases with increment of cycle times. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40691.
Preparation of a new superhydrophobic nanofiber film by electrospinning polystyrene mixed with ester modified silicone oil
Authors: Song Yan , Wang Lige , Wang Xiuling , Bian Kun , Yang Qingbiao , Li Yaoxian 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTA new superhydrophobic nanofiber membrane with certain mechanical strength was prepared by electrospinning the polystyrene (PS) with ester modified silicone oil (EMSO). To increase the roughness and tensile strength, the EMSO with low energy as hydrophobic macromolecular substance was added into PS precursor solution. Then during the process of electrospinning, some of the ester modified silicone oil was distribution on the surface of substrate (PS) fiber films to generate double structure which leaded to the superhydrophobicity. We probed into the relationship between the surface wettability, morphologies, mechanical property, and the mass ratios of ester modified silicone oil /PS, and with the increasing of EMSO, the water CA value increased from 135 ± 0.5° to 152 ± 0.2°and the tensile strength grown from 0.23 MPa to 0.92 MPa. The film shows a network structure consisting of numerous randomly oriented fibers, the diameters of which changed from 0.5 μm to 2.0 μm belong to relatively big diameter fibers, which has great significance to the research of superhydrophobic membrane with big diameter fibers and also this method is easy, convenient and environment friendly. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40718.
Dust aerosol drives upward trend of surface solar radiation during 1980–2009 in the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Fei Ye , Xia Xiangao , Che Huizheng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLong‐term trend of surface solar radiation (SSR) in the Taklimakan Desert (TD) during 1980–2009 and its relationship to total cloud cover (TCC), low cloud cover (LCC), water vapor content (WVC) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) were investigated. Annual mean SSR has increased by 1.21 W m−2 decade−1. Upward SSR trends were observed in seasons except winter. TCC, LCC and WVC have increased, however, AOD and occurrences of severe dust storms have decreased, which indicates that dust aerosol rather than cloud cover and water vapor drive long‐term upward trend of SSR in the TD.
Child Protection in Islamic Contexts: Identifying Cultural and Religious Appropriate Mechanisms and Processes Using a Roundtable Methodology
Authors: Hutchinson Aisha Jane , O'Leary Patrick , Squire Jason , Hope Kristen 
Published: April 2014

This paper reports on a piece of research which brought together eight Islamic scholars, four child protection academics and two international development agencies to identify mechanisms and processes which safeguard children from harm that are congruent with Islamic scholarship and practices. Roundtable methodology was used to share knowledge, build networks and increase engagement with child protection by bringing together different stakeholders to share experiences and encourage collaboration in a relatively cost‐effective manner. Four key themes were identified following initial qualitative data analysis of the roundtable discussion: (1) The convergence and divergence in Islamic thought on issues of child protection; (2) knowledge sharing and partnership working; (3) individual and collective wellbeing; and (4) mechanisms and tools for intervention. Findings from the roundtable indicate that a reliance on solely Western‐based models does not allow for the trust and credibility that enable intervention at a deeper level in Islamic communities. Critically, the roundtable highlighted a significant gap in how Islamic knowledge and principles are practically applied to child protection policy and practice in international development contexts. Next steps are identified for building a knowledge base that can be practised in Islamic communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Bringing together different stakeholders to share experiences and encourage collaboration in a relatively cost‐effective manner’Key Practitioner Messages

Religious communities are invaluable partners for protecting children and enhancing wellbeing.
Despite clear guidance from the Quran and the Sunna about the principles of child protection in Muslim communities, local customs and socio‐political contexts can challenge their application.
Mutual learning and shared knowledge between child protection actors and religious actors is key.
Community harmony needs to be considered alongside individual experiences within families.
Mistrust of ‘outsiders’ is a significant barrier to engaging with organic child protection mechanisms in Islamic contexts.
Modeling of Screening Processes with the Discrete Element Method Involving Non‐Spherical Particles
Authors: Kruggel‐Emden Harald , Elskamp Frederik 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPhenomena related to sieving of non‐spherical particles are investigated numerically in two batch apparatuses and on a horizontally aligned continuous sieve by particle‐based simulation approaches in the framework of the discrete element method. The feed material is approximated by complex‐shaped particles composed of clustered spheres. Comparisons are made with regard to the passage through the screen as well as the segregation and transportation on the screen. Results for passage are compared to data from literature, where simulations with spherical particles were performed of a laboratory‐scale sieve operated with non‐spherical quarry rock particles. Additionally, variations in screen inclination are investigated. Experimental results are matched by the simulations. A distinctive influence of particle shape on flow rates and residence times is identified.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of Knoevenagel Condensation in Planetary Ball Mills
Authors: Burmeister Christine F. , Stolle Achim , Schmidt Robert , Jacob Katharina , Breitung‐Faes Sandra , Kwade Arno 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe influence of several process parameters like milling time, ball‐to‐beaker volume ratio, diameter of milling balls, and rotation frequency on the Knoevenagel condensation of vanillin and barbituric acid in planetary ball mills was investigated. These parameters determine the amount of energy provided for the reaction. Additionally, numerical simulations were carried out to describe the stress conditions in detail and to compute the drive power and energy transfer which cannot be measured directly. The mill and experimental parameters were modeled by the discrete element method with adequate coefficients of friction and restitution required to describe the powder behavior in the system. The coefficients were determined by correlation of experiments and simulations.
Hydroxo‐Bridged Dimers of Oxo‐Centered Ruthenium(III) Triangle: Synthesis and Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Upadhyay Apoorva , Rajpurohit Jitendrasingh , Kumar Singh Mukesh , Dubey Richa , Kumar Srivastava Anant , Kumar Ashutosh , Rajaraman Gopalan , Shanmugam Maheswaran 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe homometallic hexameric ruthenium cluster of the formula [RuIII6(μ3‐O)2(μ‐OH)2((CH3)3CCO2)12(py)2] (1) (py=pyridine) is solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on 1 suggest that the antiferromagnetic interaction between the RuIII centers is dominant, and this is supported by theoretical studies. Theoretical calculations based on density functional methods yield eight different exchange interaction values for 1: J1=−737.6, J2=+63.4, J3=−187.6, J4=+124.4, J5=−376.4, J6=−601.2, J7=−657.0, and J8=−800.6 cm−1. Among all the computed J values, six are found to be antiferromagnetic. Four exchange values (J1, J6, J7 and J8) are computed to be extremely strong, with J8, mediated through one μ‐hydroxo and a carboxylate bridge, being by far the largest exchange obtained for any transition‐metal cluster. The origin of these strong interactions is the orientation of the magnetic orbitals in the RuIII centers, and the computed J values are rationalized by using molecular orbital and natural bond order analysis. Detailed NMR studies (1H, 13C, HSQC, NOESY, and TOCSY) of 1 (in CDCl3) confirm the existence of the solid‐state structure in solution. The observation of sharp NMR peaks and spin‐lattice time relaxation (T1 relaxation) experiments support the existence of strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic exchange interactions between the metal centers. A broad absorption peak around 600–1000 nm in the visible to near‐IR region is a characteristic signature of an intracluster charge‐transfer transition. Cyclic voltammetry experiments show that there are three reversible one‐electron redox couples at −0.865, +0.186, and +1.159 V with respect to the Ag/AgCl reference electrode, which corresponds to two metal‐based one‐electron oxidations and one reduction process.
Exploring the Potential Energy Surface of E2P4 Clusters (E=Group 13 Element): The Quest for Inverse Carbon‐Free Sandwiches
Authors: Castro Abril C. , Osorio Edison , Cabellos José Luis , Cerpa Erick , Matito Eduard , Solà Miquel , Swart Marcel , Merino Gabriel 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Gabriel Merino and Marcel Swart at Cinvestav, Unidad Mérida (Mexico) and the Universitat de Girona (Spain). The image depicts the HOMO of the Al2P4 cluster. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201304685.
Yoctowell Cavities on Magnetic Silica Nanoparticles for pH Stimuli‐Responsive Controlled Release of Drug Molecules
Authors: Bhosale Sheshanath V. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Sheshanath V. Bhosale at RMIT University (Australia). The image depicts the use of yoctowells in drug delivery systems. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201400279.
Versuche zu Lithium‐Ionen‐Akkus
Authors: Hasselmann Martin , Oetken Marco 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden völlig neuartige Experimente zum Themenfeld Lithium‐Ionen‐Akkumulatoren in Theorie und Praxis vorgestellt. Über eine einfache Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterie mit Graphitminen im Mikro‐Maßstab bis zu einem leistungsfähigen “Lithium‐Ionen‐Power‐Pack” werden verschiedene Typen von Akkumulatoren präsentiert. Erste elektrochemische Kenndaten dieser Akkus lassen sich mit einfachen Mitteln bestimmen. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie sich die elektrochemisch erzwungene Intercalation von Ionen mit einfachen Experimenten eindrucksvoll nachweisen lässt.