bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strengths and weaknesses of working with the Global Trigger Tool method for retrospective record review: focus group interviews with team members
Authors: Schildmeijer Kristina , Nilsson Lena , Perk Joep , Årestedt Kristofer , Nilsson Gunilla 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesThe aim was to describe the strengths and weaknesses, from team member perspectives, of working with the Global Trigger Tool (GTT) method of retrospective record review to identify adverse events causing patient harm.DesignA qualitative, descriptive approach with focus group interviews using content analysis.Setting5 Swedish hospitals in 2011.Participants5 GTT teams, with 5 physicians and 11 registered nurses.Intervention5 focus group interviews were carried out with the five teams. Interviews were taped and transcribed verbatim.Results8 categories emerged relating to the strengths and weaknesses of the GTT method. The categories found were:Usefulness of the GTT, Application of the GTT, Triggers, Preventability of harm, Team composition, Team tasks, Team members’ knowledge development and Documentation. Gradually, changes in the methodology were made by the teams, for example, the teams reported how the registered nurses divided up the charts into two sets, each being read respectively. The teams described the method as important and well functioning. Not only the most important, but also the most difficult, was the task of bringing the results back to the clinic. The teams found it easier to discuss findings at their own clinics.ConclusionsThe GTT method functions well for identifying adverse events and is strengthened by its adaptability to different specialties. However, small, gradual methodological changes together with continuingly developed expertise and adaption to looking at harm from a patient's perspective may contribute to large differences in assessment over time.
Pharmacist intervention for glycaemic control in the community (the RxING study)
Authors: Al Hamarneh Yazid N , Charrois Theresa , Lewanczuk Richard , Tsuyuki Ross T 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of a community pharmacist prescribing intervention on glycaemic control in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes.DesignPragmatic, before–after design.Setting12 community pharmacies in Alberta, Canada.ParticipantsType 2 diabetes receiving oral hypoglycaemic medications and with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 7.5–11%.InterventionPharmacists systematically identified potential candidates by inviting patients with type 2 diabetes to test their HbA1c using validated point-of-care technology. Pharmacists prescribed 10 units of insulin glargine at bedtime, adjusted by increments of 1 unit daily to achieve a morning fasting glucose of ≤5.5 mmol/L. The patients were followed up at 2, 4, 8, 14, 20 and 26 weeks.Primary outcomeChange in HbA1c from baseline to week 26.Secondary outcomesProportion of patients achieving target HbA1c, changes in oral hypoglycaemic agents, quality of life and patient satisfaction, persistence on insulin glargine, number of insulin dosage adjustments per patient and number of hypoglycaemic episodes.ResultsWe screened 365 patients of whom 111 were eligible. Of those, 100 (90%) were enrolled in the study; all 11 patients who did not consent refused to use insulin. Average age was 64 years (SD 10.4), while average diabetes duration was 10.2 years (SD 7). HbA1c was reduced from 9.1% (SD 1) at baseline to 7.3% (SD 0.9); a change of 1.8% (95% CI 1.4 to 2, p<0.001). Fasting plasma glucose was reduced from 11 (SD 3.3) to 6.9 mmol/L (SD 1.8); a change of 4.1 mmol/L (95% CI of 3.3 to 5, p=0.007). Fifty-one per cent of the patients achieved the target HbA1c of ≤7% at the end of the study.ConclusionsThis is the first completed study of independent prescribing by pharmacists. Our results showed similar improvements in glycaemic control as previous physician-led studies. RxING provides further evidence for the benefit of pharmacist care in diabetes.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov; Identifier:NCT01335763.
The effects of UV light on calcium metabolism in ball pythons (Python regius)
Authors: Hedley J. , Eatwell K. 
Published: September 2013

Despite the popularity of keeping snakes in captivity, there has been limited investigation into the effects of UV radiation on vitamin D levels in snakes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV‐b radiation on plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and ionised calcium concentrations in ball pythons (Python regius). Blood samples were taken from 14 ball pythons, which had never been exposed to UV‐b light, to obtain baseline 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels and ionised calcium concentrations. Blood samples were then taken again from the same snakes 70 days later after one group (Group 1, n=6 females) were exposed to UV‐b radiation daily, and the other group (Group 2, n=5 males and 3 females) were exposed to no UV‐b radiation. Mean±sd 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels on day 0 in Group 1 were 197±35 nmol/l, and on day 70 were 203.5±13.8 nmol/l. Mean±sd 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in Group 2 on day 0 were 77.7±41.5 nmol/l, and on day 70 were 83.0±41.9 nmol/l. Mean±sd ionised calcium levels at day 0 were 1.84±0.05 mmol/l for Group 1, and on day 70 were 1.78±0.07 mmol/l. Mean±sd ionised calcium levels at day 0 were 1.79±0.07 mmol/l for Group 2, and on day 70 were 1.81±0.05 mmol/l. No association was demonstrated between exposure to UV‐b radiation and plasma 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and ionised calcium concentrations. These results may provide baseline parameters for future studies in this and other snake species to determine ability to utilise UV‐b light for vitamin D production.
Palaeoclimatic imprint, distribution and genesis of Zechstein Main Dolomite (Upper Permian) petroleum source rocks in Poland: Sedimentological and geochemical rationales
Authors: Słowakiewicz Mirosław , Gąsiewicz Andrzej 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Arid palaeoclimatic conditions and marine current circulation influenced organic matter productivity and its distribution and preservation in the Upper Permian (Zechstein) Main Dolomite (Ca2) source rocks in Poland. The gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons occurring within the Main Dolomite show distinctive geochemical characteristics which distinguish them from those derived from Carboniferous or other Permian strata and indicate that the main type of organic matter from which they were derived was of microbial origin. It is suggested here that the majority of the Ca2 hydrocarbons come from
in situ
organic matter (intraformational deposits). The lagoonal and slope zones are enriched in total organic carbon (TOC) compared to both the oolite shoal and basinal facies. These sedimentary settings were dominated by various biolaminated microbialite facies. The basinal areas, previously believed to be the location of the main source rocks for hydrocarbons found in the Main Dolomite, appear to have little source rock potential. Geochemical and geological features such as high organic productivity in lagoonal and slope zones of the Main Dolomite indicate that at least some of the hydrocarbons may have been generated from
in situ
deposited and degraded organic matter. This conclusion may improve prediction of the occurrence of hydrocarbon deposits in the Ca2.
Spontaneous Peripheral T-cell Responses toward the Tumor-Associated Antigen Cyclin D1 in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Dannenmann Stefanie R. , Hermanns Thomas , Bransi Ali , Matter Claudia , von Boehmer Lotta , Stevanovic Stefan , Schraml Peter , Moch Holger , Knuth Alexander , van den Broek Maries 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a heterogeneous group of kidney cancers with clear cell RCC (ccRCC) as the major subgroup. To expand the number of clinically relevant tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that can be targeted by immunotherapy, we analyzed samples from 23 patients with primary ccRCC for the expression and immunogenicity of various TAAs. We found high-frequency expression of MAGE-A9 and NY-ESO-1 in 36% and 55% of samples, respectively, and overexpression of PRAME, RAGE-1, CA-IX, Cyclin D1, ADFP, C-MET, and RGS-5 in many of the tumor samples. We analyzed the blood of patients with HLA-A2+ ccRCC for the presence of CD8+ T cells specific for TAA-derived HLA-A2–restricted peptides and found spontaneous responses to cyclin D1 in 5 of 6 patients with Cyclin D1–positive tumors. Cyclin D1–specific CD8+ T cells secreted TNF-α, IFN-γ, and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and degranulated, indicating the presence of polyfunctional tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in the blood of these patients with ccRCC. The high frequency (43%) of Cyclin D1 overexpression and the presence of functional cyclin D1–specific T cells in 83% of these patients with ccRCC suggest that cyclin D1 may be a target for immunotherapeutic strategies. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 288–95. ©2013 AACR.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Right Ventricular Geometry and Tricuspid Valve Tethering Area in Patients Undergoing Tricuspid Annuloplasty
Authors: Yiu Kai-Hang , Wong Arthur , Pu Lijun , Chiang Man-Fung , Sit Ko-Yung , Chan Daniel , Lee Hou-Yee , Lam Yui-Ming , Chen Yan , Siu Chung-Wah , Lau Chu-Pak , Au Wing-Kok , Tse Hung-Fat 
Published: September 2013

Background—
Patients who undergo tricuspid annuloplasty during left-side heart valve surgery have a poor postoperative clinical outcome. However, preoperative right ventricular (RV) echocardiography parameters that predict adverse events in these patients are poorly understood.

Methods and Results—

We studied 74 patients (age, 58±10 years; men, 27%) with significant tricuspid regurgitation who consequently underwent tricuspid annuloplasty during left-side heart valve surgery. A total of 26 adverse events (22 heart failures and 4 cardiovascular deaths) occurred during a median follow-up of 26 months. RV midcavity diameter (hazard ratio=2.44; 95% confidence interval=1.48–4.02;
P
<0.01), RV longitudinal dimension (hazard ratio=1.64; 95% confidence interval=1.10–2.45;
P
=0.02), and tricuspid valve tethering area (hazard ratio=3.25; 95% confidence interval=1.71–6.19;
P
<0.01) were independently associated with adverse events after adjustment for age and New York Heart Association class III/IV. Receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that RV midcavity diameter (area under the curve=0.74;
P
<0.01) and tricuspid valve tethering area (area under the curve=0.70;
P
=0.04) were most associated with adverse events at the 1-year follow-up. The presence of either a large RV midcavity diameter or tricuspid valve tethering area was predictive of adverse outcome at 1 year after tricuspid annuloplasty.

Conclusions—
The present study demonstrates that RV geometry dimensions, namely RV midcavity diameter and tricuspid valve tethering area, are important preoperative measures associated with adverse events in patients undergoing tricuspid annuloplasty.
The Efficacy of Single-Trial Multisensory Memories
Authors: Thelen Antonia , Murray Micah M. 
Published: September 2013

This review article summarizes evidence that multisensory experiences at one point in time have long-lasting effects on subsequent unisensory visual and auditory object recognition. The efficacy of single-trial exposure to task-irrelevant multisensory events is its ability to modulate memory performance and brain activity to unisensory components of these events presented later in time. Object recognition (either visual or auditory) is enhanced if the initial multisensory experience had been semantically congruent and can be impaired if this multisensory pairing was either semantically incongruent or entailed meaningless information in the task-irrelevant modality, when compared to objects encountered exclusively in a unisensory context. Processes active during encoding cannot straightforwardly explain these effects; performance on all initial presentations was indistinguishable despite leading to opposing effects with stimulus repetitions. Brain responses to unisensory stimulus repetitions differ during early processing stages (∼100 ms post-stimulus onset) according to whether or not they had been initially paired in a multisensory context. Plus, the network exhibiting differential responses varies according to whether or not memory performance is enhanced or impaired. The collective findings we review indicate that multisensory associations formedviasingle-trial learning exert influences on later unisensory processing to promote distinct object representations that manifest as differentiable brain networks whose activity is correlated with memory performance. These influences occur incidentally, despite many intervening stimuli, and are distinguishable from the encoding/learning processes during the formation of the multisensory associations. The consequences of multisensory interactions thus persist over time to impact memory retrieval and object discrimination.
Forecast of Icing Events at a Wind Farm in Sweden
Authors: Davis Neil , Hahmann Andrea N. , Clausen Niels-Erik , Žagar Mark 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis paper introduces a method for identifying icing events using a physical icing model, driven by atmospheric data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and applies it to a wind park in Sweden. Observed wind park icing events were identified by deviation from an idealized power curve and observed temperature. The events were modeled using a physical icing model with equations for both accretion and ablation mechanisms (iceBlade). The accretion model is based on the Makkonen model but was modified to make it applicable to the blades of a wind turbine rather than a static structure, and the ablation model is newly developed. The results from iceBlade are shown to outperform a 1-day persistence model and standard cylinder model in determining the times when any turbine in the wind park is being impacted by icing. The icing model was evaluated using inputs from simulations using nine different WRF physics parameterization combinations. The combination of the Thompson microphysics parameterization and version 2 of the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino PBL scheme was shown to perform best at this location. The distribution of cloud mass into the appropriate hydrometeor classes was found to be very important for forecasting the correct icing period. One concern with the iceBlade approach was the relatively high false alarm rates at the end of icing events due to the ice not being removed rapidly enough.
Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Vascular or Viral?
Authors: Linthicum Fred H. , Doherty Joni , Berliner Karen I. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveTo demonstrate that sudden sensorineural hearing loss is possibly of viral origin rather than vascular.Study DesignThe histopathologic morphology in 7 temporal bones with known vascular impairment due to surgical interventions was compared with that of 11 bones with a history of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). Attention was paid to the spiral ligament, stria vascularis, organ of Corti hair cells, tectorial membrane, ganglion cell population, and degree of perilymph fibrosis and the auditory nerve.SettingA temporal bone laboratory that has been in operation for more than 50 years and includes a database consisting of clinical and histopathological information that facilitates quantitative and qualitative analysis.SubjectsEight hundred forty‐nine individuals who pledged their temporal bones for scientific study, of which 18 were selected for this study by means of the database criteria of sudden sensorineural hearing loss and postmiddle fossa and retro sigmoid sinus tumor removal or vestibular nerve section.ResultsSudden sensorineural hearing loss bones exhibited no perilymph fibrosis compared with 6 of 7 vascular cases with fibrosis (P ≤. 001), exhibited less loss of ganglion cells (P ≤. 026), exhibited greater survival of spiral ligament (P ≤. 029), and averaged twice the survival of hair cells and more widespread tectorial membrane abnormalities.ConclusionAnalysis of human temporal bones from patients with a sudden sensorineural hearing loss does not support a vascular insufficiency but is more suggestive of a viral etiology.
A study of clinical complications and risk factors in 1001 native and transplant kidney biopsies in Sweden
Authors: Peters Björn , Andersson Yvonne , Stegmayr Bernd , Mölne Johan , Jensen Gert , Dahlberg Per , Holm-Gunnarsson Inger , Ekberg Jana , Bjurström Karl , Haux Stina-Britta , Hadimeri Henrik 
Published: September 2013

Background In Sweden, native and transplant kidney biopsies are usually performed in major renal medical centers. Purpose To clarify risk factors in native and transplant kidney biopsies to improve patient safety. Material and Methods A total of 1001 biopsies (in 352 women and 565 men) were included. The median age was 54 years (range, 16–90 years). Data were derived from 826 native kidney biopsies (640 prospective and 186 retrospective) and 175 transplant kidney biopsies (170 prospective and 5 retrospective). Various factors and complications were registered while performing native and transplant kidney biopsies, focusing on major (e.g. blood transfusions, invasive procedures) and minor complications. The prospective protocol was used at six centers and at one center data were obtained retrospectively. Results Women were at greater risk of overall complications than men (12.2% vs. 6.5%; P = 0.003; odds ratio [OR], 2.0; confidence interval [CI], 1.3–3.1) as well as of major complications (9.6% vs. 4.5%; P = 0.002; OR, 2.2, CI 1.3–3.7). Major complications occurred more commonly after biopsies from the right kidney, in women than in men (10.8% vs. 3.1%; P = 0.005; OR, 3.7; CI, 1.5–9.5), and in patients with lower BMI (25.5 vs. 27.3, P = 0.016) and of younger age (45 years vs. 52.5 years; P = 0.001). Lower mean arterial pressure in transplant kidney biopsies indicated a risk of major complications (90 mmHg vs. 98 mmHg; P = 0.039). Factors such as needle size, number of passes, serum creatinine, and eGFR did not influence complication rates. Conclusion The present findings motivate greater attention being paid to the risk of major side-effects after right-side biopsies from women’s kidneys, as well as after biopsies from younger patients and patients with lower BMI.
Patterns and predictors of naturally occurring change in depressive symptoms over a 30-month period in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Ensari Ipek , Motl Robert W , McAuley Edward , Mullen Sean P , Feinstein Anthony 
Published: September 2013

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet there is little information about the pattern and predictors of changes in depressive symptoms over time. Objective: We examined changes in depressive symptoms over a 30-month period and the demographic, clinical and behavioral predictors of such changes in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: 269 persons with RRMS completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and a demographic/clinical scale, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) scale every 6 months over a 30-month period. Data were analyzed using latent class growth modeling (LCGM). Results: LCGM identified a two-class model for changes in HADS depression scores over time. Class 1 involved lower initial status (i.e. fewer depressive symptoms) and linear decreases in depressive symptoms over time (i.e. improving HADS scores), whereas Class 2 involved higher initial status (i.e. more depressive symptoms) and linear increases in depressive symptoms over time (i.e. worsening HADS scores). LCGM further indicated that being older (OR = 2.46; p < .05), married (OR = 2.62; p < .05), employed (OR = 4.29; p < .005) and physically active (OR = 2.71; p < .05) predicted a greater likelihood of belonging to C1 than C2. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms change over time in persons with RRMS, and the pattern of change can be predicted by modifiable and non-modifiable factors.
Biodiesel effects on transient needle motion and near-exit flow characteristics of a high-pressure diesel injector
Authors: Moon Seoksu , Tsujimura Taku , Gao Yuan , Park Suhan , Wang Jin , Kurimoto Naoki , Nishijima Yoshiaki , Oguma Mitsuharu 
Published: September 2013

In this study, biodiesel effects on transient needle motion and near-exit flow characteristics of a single-orifice high-pressure diesel injector were investigated in terms of needle-lift, needle speed, exit velocity and near-exit flow structure under various injection pressures. Ultrafast x-ray phase-contrast imaging technique was employed in this study to analyze the transient needle motion and near-exit flow characteristics. High-energy sub-nanosecond x-ray pulses have a potential to visualize the needle inside the nozzle and near-exit dense supersonic flow which speed reaches over 600 m/s. Transient needle motion and the structure and velocity of near-exit supersonic flows can be obtained by fabricated analysis of the x-ray images regardless of fuel, injection condition and type of injector. High bulk modulus and viscosity of biodiesel normally slow down the needle movement and decrease the flow performance. During opening-transient, sharp increase and following overshoot in needle speed and exit velocity were observed with a concurrent increase in spray width. The biodiesel showed a slower increase in needle speed, exit velocity and spray width but a higher degree of velocity overshoot during opening-transient. At steady-state, the biodiesel showed less turbulent flow structure and smaller spray width than diesel. During closing-transient, an abrupt increase in needle speed and decrease in exit velocity were observed with a concurrent increase in spray width. The biodiesel showed the retarded start of closing-transient and longer total injection duration under same energizing pulse duration. The difference between biodiesel and diesel became insignificant at low injection pressures roughly below 100 MPa.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in vitamin C-treated AGS cells
Authors: Nagappan Arulkumar , Park Hyeon Soo , Park Kwang Il , Kim Jin A , Hong Gyeong Eun , Kang Sang Rim , Zhang Jue , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Won Sup , Won Chung Kil , Kim Gon Sup 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an essential nutrient of most living tissues that readily acts as a strong reducing agent, which is abundant in fruits and vegetables. Although, it inhibits cell growth in many human cancer cells in vitro, treatment in cancer is still controversial. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on AGS cell growth, and protein profiles in AGS cells after exposure to vitamin C treatment, by using proteomic tools.

Results
Vitamin C showed a cytotoxic effect on AGS cells (IC50 300 μg/mL) and, 20 differentially expressed proteins (spot intensities which show ≥2 fold change and statistically significant, p<0.05 between the control and vitamin-C treated group) were successfully identified by assisted laser desorption/ ionization-time of flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Of the 20 proteins, six were up-regulated and fourteen were down-regulated. Specifically, 14-3-3σ, 14-3-3ϵ, 14-3-3δ, tropomyosin alpha-3 chain and tropomyosin alpha-4 chain were down-regulated and peroxiredoxin-4 and thioredoxin domain-containing proteins 5 were up-regulated. The identified proteins are mainly involved in cell mobility, antioxidant and detoxification, signal transduction and protein metabolism. Further, the expressions of 14-3-3 isoforms were verified with immuno-blotting analysis.

Conclusions
Our proteome results suggest that the apoptosis related proteins were involved in promoting and regulating cell death of AGS cells, and might be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of vitamin C on AGS cell growth inhibition.