bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The social wasp community (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) and new distribution record of Polybia ruficeps in an area of Caatinga Biome, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Melo André Carneiro , Barbosa Bruno Corrêa , Castro Mariana Monteiro de , Santos Gilberto Marcos de Mendonça , Prezoto Fábio 
Published: January 2015

Social wasps are broadly distributed in Brazil, and their distribution is closely related to local plant composition. However, only a few studies on the diversity of these insects have been carried out in northeastern Brazil, and in Caatinga Biome the diversity is probably underestimated due to the lack of inventories for the region. Aiming at advancing the knowledge about the wasp fauna, we carried out this study from October 2005 to September 2006 in Ibipeba, northeastern Brazil. We collected 172 wasps of five genera and eight species, and recorded Polybia ruficeps Schrottky, 1902 for the first time in the state of Bahia. The most abundant species was Polybia ignobilis (Haliday, 1836) (n = 69), and the least abundant were Brachygastra lecheguana (Latreille, 1824) (n = 2) and Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758) (n = 2). The present study inventory focused exclusively on the diversity of social wasps in an area of Caatinga, which contributes to advance the local fauna knowledge.
First records of the invasive spider Badumna longinqua (L. Koch) (Desidae) in southern Brazil with notes on the habitats and the species’ dispersion
Authors: Simó Miguel , Laborda Álvaro , Núñez Martín , Brescovit Antonio D. 
Published: January 2015

The invasive species Badumna longinqua and the family Desidae are recorded for the first time for Brazil. The spiders were collected in urban habitats of two cities from the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil. Specimens and their webs were found in public parks, window frames and in a cemetery. The absence of this species along a national highway route and its dispersion in Brazil are discussed.
Photoluminescence of Cu(In1-X, GaX)Se2 Epitaxial Thin Films Grown by MOVPE
Authors: Rega N. , Siebentritt S. , Albert J. , Lux M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo study the intrinsic defect structure, detailed photoluminescence (PL) measurements of epitaxial Cu-rich Cu(In1-X, GaX)Se2 grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) were performed. Distinct emissions appear at an energy position 80-150meV below the bandgap. Excitation-power-dependent measurements showed blue shifts up to 18meV/decade for these emissions. The temperature dependent PL results in a defect energy for this emission of 50-80meV due to a free-to-bound (FB) transition. This indicates that the emissions of this material are controlled by fluctuating potentials due to high compensation or compositional inhomogeneity. The compositional inhomogeneity is detected by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and occurs especially for epitaxial layers grown at 570°C.
Guided Tissue Regeneration to Treat Mucogingival Defects Using a Collagen Sponge as a Space‐Filler Material for Cell Proliferation: Clinical Case Reports With Long‐Term Follow‐Up
Authors: Carnio João , Ribas Josimara T. , Lipton David , Brown Jeffrey 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) protocols for root coverage have proposed space‐filler artifacts to create an area between the membrane and the root surface to provide adequate space for cell migration. Extensive instrumentation of the root to obtain a concave shape, suturing of the membrane to keep it convex, or the use of titanium‐reinforced membranes are some of the most common techniques for creating the space needed for regeneration. The primary objective of these case reports is to show the clinical application of collagen sponge as a space‐filler material in cases in which GTR procedures were used to treat marginal tissue recession.Case Presentation: These case reports describe the results obtained with root‐coverage procedures of a Miller Class I defect on the buccal surface of tooth #11 in two patients. Bioabsorbable polyglactin 910 and non‐absorbable expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier membranes were used along with a collagen sponge interposed on the root surface. It should be emphasized that the use of the collagen sponge was to create a biologic space and thereby induce cellular proliferation at the site of the recession. Three years after surgery, the treated areas showed complete root coverage with an increase of keratinized and attached gingiva with appropriate contour and thickness.Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of using a collagen sponge as a space‐filler material in cases in which the principles of GTR are used in the successful treatment of root recession.
Complete Coverage of a Class III (RT2) Gingival Recession With the Combination of a Free Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft and a Laterally Positioned Flap
Authors: Ioannou Andreas L. , Kotsakis Georgios A. , Kamintzi Georgia I. 
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Gingival recession (GR) presents a major concern for patients, especially when associated with tooth sensitivity or esthetic concerns.Case Presentation: This report describes the complete coverage of a Class III GR with the combination of a free subepithelial connective tissue graft and a laterally positioned flap. After treatment for GR of the mandibular right canine with 12 mm of clinical attachment loss, there was complete coverage and an increase in keratinized gingiva.Conclusion: A promising technique is presented that yielded 100% defect coverage and gingival tissue enhancement.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Tax Avoidance, and Earnings Performance
Authors: Watson Luke 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
I investigate the influence of pretax earnings performance on the relation between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and tax avoidance. Prior studies of the relation between CSR and tax avoidance find mixed results. Based on slack resource theory (Penrose 1959), I predict and find that the relation between CSR and tax avoidance is moderated by earnings performance. The evidence shows that a lack of social responsibility is positively associated with tax avoidance in firms with low current or future earnings performance, but this effect is diminished when current or future earnings performance is high. There is some evidence that corporate social responsibility is positively associated with tax avoidance when current or future earnings performance is low but, again, the effect disappears when current or future earnings performance is high. Overall, my results suggest that attention to the demands of non-shareholder stakeholders is curtailed when firms face scarce resources.
Glycemic Variability Is Associated With Reduced Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fleischer Jesper , Lebech Cichosz Simon , Hoeyem Pernille , Laugesen Esben , Loegstrup Poulsen Per , Sandahl Christiansen Jens , Tarnow Lise , Krarup Hansen Troels 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the sex differences in cardiac autonomic modulation in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and to determine whether cardiac autonomic modulation is associated with glycemic variability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We investigated a cohort consisting of 48 men and 39 women with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a known duration of diabetes &lt;5 years. All patients were equipped with a continuous glucose monitoring sensor for 3 days, and the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) was calculated to obtain individual glycemic variability. Cardiac autonomic modulation was quantified by analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in time and frequency domains and during cardiovascular reflex tests (response to standing [RS], deep breathing [expiration–inspiration], and Valsalva maneuver).

RESULTS
Sex differences in age- and heart rate–adjusted HRV measures were observed in both active and passive tests. Low frequency (LF; P = 0.036), LF/high frequency (HF; P &lt; 0.001), and RS (P = 0.006) were higher in men, whereas expiration–inspiration (P &lt; 0.001), but not HF, was higher in women. In women, reduced cardiac autonomic modulation as assessed by the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (P = 0.001), the root mean square of successive differences (P = 0.018), LF (P &lt; 0.001), HF (P = 0.005), total power (P = 0.008), RS ratio (P = 0.027), and expiration-to-inspiration ratio (P = 0.006) was significantly associated with increased glycemic variability as assessed by MAGE. This was not the case in men. The association in women persisted in a multivariate regression analysis controlling for weight, mean heart rate, blood pressure (systolic), and triglycerides.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with newly diagnosed and well-controlled type 2 diabetes, increased glycemic variability was associated with reduced cardiac autonomic modulation in women but not in men.
Decrease in Circulating Concentrations of Soluble Receptors for Advanced Glycation End Products at the Time of Seroconversion to Autoantibody Positivity in Children With Prediabetes
Authors: Salonen Kirsi M. , Ryhänen Samppa J. , Forbes Josephine M. , Borg Danielle J. , Härkönen Taina , Ilonen Jorma , Simell Olli , Veijola Riitta , Groop Per-Henrik , Knip Mikael 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
Dietary advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their interactions with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE) may play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. This study set out to assess whether there is any association of circulating concentrations of soluble RAGE (sRAGE), AGEs, and their ratio with the appearance of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in children progressing to clinical diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serum concentrations of sRAGE, N-ε(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) adducts, and the sRAGE/CML ratio were analyzed in children who progressed to type 1 diabetes. The samples were taken at four time points: before seroconversion, at the time of the first autoantibody-positive sample, at the time of the first sample positive for multiple (&gt;2) autoantibodies, and close to the disease diagnosis. Samples of autoantibody-negative controls matched for age, sex, and HLA-conferred diabetes risk were analyzed at corresponding time points.

RESULTS
The prediabetic children had higher sRAGE concentrations before seroconversion (Pc = 0.03), at the appearance of multiple autoantibodies (Pc = 0.008), and close to diagnosis (Pc = 0.04). Close to diagnosis, the cases had lower CML concentrations than the controls (Pc = 0.004). Prediabetic children had a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than the controls before seroconversion (Pc = 0.008) and at diagnosis (Pc &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Prediabetic children have higher concentrations of sRAGE and a higher sRAGE/CML ratio than healthy controls. Circulating sRAGE concentrations seem to decline with the appearance of diabetes-predictive autoantibodies in children progressing to type 1 diabetes. The higher sRAGE/CML ratio in prediabetic children may reflect a higher AGE scavenger capacity.
Insulin Cessation and Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery in Adults With Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ardestani Ali , Rhoads David , Tavakkoli Ali 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
The impact of bariatric surgeries on insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (I-T2D) in the general population is largely undocumented. We assessed changes in insulin treatment after bariatric surgery in a large cohort of I-T2D patients, comparing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) with laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), controlling for differences in weight loss between procedures.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Of 113,638 adult surgical patients in the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database (BOLD), 10% had I-T2D. Analysis was restricted to 5,225 patients with I-T2D and at least 1 year of postoperative follow-up. Regression models were used to identify factors that predict cessation of insulin therapy. To control for differences in weight loss patterns between RYGB and LAGB, a case-matched analysis was also performed.

RESULTS
Of I-T2D patients who underwent RYGB (n = 3,318), 62% were off insulin at 12 months compared with 34% (n = 1,907) after LAGB (P &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that RYGB strongly predicted insulin cessation at both 1 and 12 months postoperatively. In the case-matched analysis at 3 months, the proportion of insulin cessation was significantly higher in the RYGB group than in the LAGB group (P = 0.03), and the diabetes remission rate was higher at all time points after this surgery. RYGB was a weight-independent predictor of insulin therapy cessation early after surgery, whereas insulin cessation after LAGB was linked to weight loss.

CONCLUSIONS
I-T2D patients have a greater probability of stopping insulin after RYGB than after LAGB (62% vs. 34%, respectively, at 1 year), with weight-independent effects in the early months after surgery. These findings support RYGB as the procedure of choice for reversing I-T2D.
Risk and Recurrence of Serious Adverse Outcomes in the First and Second Pregnancies of Women With Preexisting Diabetes
Authors: Tennant Peter W.G. , Bilous Rudy W. , Prathapan Shamini , Bell Ruth 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVEWomen with preexisting (type 1 or type 2) diabetes experience an increased risk of serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. It is not known, however, how these risks change between the first and second pregnancy and whether there is an increased risk of recurrence. This study describes the absolute risks and recurrence of serious adverse pregnancy outcomes in 220 women with preexisting diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 440 pregnancies occurring in 220 women with preexisting diabetes who delivered successive singleton pregnancies in the North of England during 1996–2008 were identified from the Northern Diabetes in Pregnancy Survey (NorDIP). Predictors of serious adverse outcome were estimated by competing-risks regression.RESULTSSixty-seven first pregnancies (30.5%) ended in serious adverse outcome, including 14 (6.4%) with congenital anomalies and 53 (24.1%) additional fetal or infant deaths. Thirty-seven second pregnancies (16.8%) ended in serious adverse outcome—half the rate among first pregnancies (P = 0.0004)—including 21 (9.5%) with congenital anomalies and 16 (7.3%) additional fetal or infant deaths. Serious adverse outcomes in the second pregnancy occurred twice as frequently in women who experienced a previous adverse outcome than in those who did not (26.9% vs. 12.4%, P = 0.004), but previous adverse outcome was not associated with preparation for the following pregnancy.CONCLUSIONSSerious adverse outcomes are less common in the second pregnancies of women with preexisting diabetes, although the risk is comparable in those whose first pregnancy ends in adverse outcome. Reducing the risk of recurrence may require more support in the immediate period after an adverse pregnancy outcome.
n-3 Fatty Acids Attenuate the Risk of Diabetes Associated With Elevated Serum Nonesterified Fatty Acids: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Steffen Brian T. , Steffen Lyn M. , Zhou Xia , Ouyang Pamela , Weir Natalie L. , Tsai Michael Y. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVE
Chronically high nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are a marker of metabolic dysfunction and likely increase risk of type 2 diabetes. By comparison, n-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to have various health benefits and may protect against disease development. In 5,697 participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we examined whether serum levels of NEFAs relate to risk of incident type 2 diabetes and further tested whether plasma n-3 FA levels may interact with this relation.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
NEFAs were measured in fasting serum using an enzymatic colorimetric assay and phospholipid n-3 FAs eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids were determined in plasma through gas chromatography-flame ionization detection in 5,697 MESA participants. Cox proportional hazards regression evaluated the association between NEFA levels and incident type 2 diabetes and whether plasma n-3 FAs modified this association adjusting for age, sex, race, education, field center, smoking, and alcohol use.

RESULTS
Over a mean 11.4 years of the study period, higher diabetes incidence was found across successive NEFA quartiles (Q) (hazard ratio [95% CI]): Q1, 1.0; Q2, 1.35 (1.07, 1.71); Q3, 1.58 (1.24, 2.00); and Q4, 1.86 (1.45, 2.38) (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). A significant interaction of n-3 FAs on the relation between NEFAs and type 2 diabetes was also observed (Pinteraction = 0.03). For individuals with lower n-3 levels (&lt;75th percentile), a higher risk of type 2 diabetes was observed across quartiles of NEFAs: Q1, 1.0; Q2, 1.41 (1.07, 1.84); Q3, 1.77 (1.35, 2.31); and Q4, 2.18 (1.65, 2.88) (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). No significant associations were observed in those with n-3 FAs ≥75th percentile (Ptrend = 0.54).

CONCLUSIONS
NEFAs are a marker of type 2 diabetes and may have clinical utility for detecting risk of its development. The modifying influence of n-3 FAs suggests a protective effect against disease and/or metabolic dysfunction related to NEFAs and requires further study.
Maxillary and Mandibular Rehabilitation in the Esthetic Zone Using a Digital Impression Technique and CAD/CAM-fabricated Prostheses: A Multidisciplinary Clinical Report
Authors: Abdel-Azim T , Zandinejad A , Metz M , Morton D 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARYInterdisciplinary treatment planning is necessary in certain clinical situations to optimize esthetic treatment outcomes. Patients presenting with severe wear of their anterior teeth from iatrogenic influences pose a particularly difficult problem in terms of esthetic treatment planning. Collaboration of practitioners from the disciplines of orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry is essential for the treatment of patients with complex esthetic dental needs. Careful assessment of clinical situations and corresponding specialty consultations are of utmost importance to achieve more predictable and esthetic treatment outcomes. The purpose of this clinical case is to report to the readership a novel digital fabrication of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing milled acrylic provisional restorations and final lithium disilicate definitive restorations after orthodontic and periodontal therapy with virtual master impressions, casts, and articulation.
Enamel Bond Strength of New Universal Adhesive Bonding Agents
Authors: McLean DE , Meyers EJ , Guillory VL , Vandewalle KS 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY

Purpose
Universal bonding agents have been introduced for use as self-etch or etch-and-rinse adhesives depending on the dental substrate and clinician's preference. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to enamel using universal adhesives compared to a self-etch adhesive when applied in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes over time.

Methods and Materials
Extracted human third molars were used to create 120 enamel specimens. The specimens were ground flat and randomly divided into three groups: two universal adhesives and one self-etch adhesive. Each group was then subdivided, with half the specimens bonded in self-etch mode and half in etch-and-rinse mode. The adhesives were applied as per manufacturers' instructions, and composite was bonded using a standardized mold and cured incrementally. The groups were further divided into two subgroups with 10 specimens each. One subgroup was stored for 24 hours and the second for six months in 37°C distilled water and tested in shear. Failure mode was also determined for each specimen.

Results
A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) found a significant difference between groups based on bonding agent (p&lt;0.001) and surface treatment (p&lt;0.001) but not on time (p=0.943), with no significant interaction (p&gt;0.05). Clearfil SE in etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes had more mixed fractures than either universal adhesive in either mode.

Conclusions
Etching enamel significantly increased the SBS of composite to enamel. Clearfil SE had significantly greater bond strength to enamel than either universal adhesive, which were not significantly different from each other.
Bonding of Adhesive Luting Agents to Caries-affected Dentin Induced by a Microcosm Biofilm Model
Authors: Peixoto AC , Bicalho AA , Isolan CP , Maske TT , Moraes RR , Cenci MS , Soares CJ , Faria-e-Silva AL 
Published: January 2015

SUMMARY

Objectives
To evaluate the bond strength of adhesive luting agents applied to caries-affected dentin (CAD).

Methods
Thirty-six noncarious human third molars were abraded to expose an occlusal dentin surface. Caries lesions were induced in half of the samples using a microcosm biofilm model. Biofilm was cultivated under an anaerobic atmosphere for 14 days in a medium enriched with mucin. The same medium containing 1% sucrose was alternated for 4 hours per day. Cylinders of resin cement (RelyX ARC, RelyX U200, or BisCem) were built up over the dentin substrate and submitted to shear bond load. The samples were then longitudinally sectioned. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin were measured at different depths from the occlusal surface. A three-dimensional finite element simulation was performed to analyze the residual stress distribution during the shear bond strength test. Bond strength data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hardness and elastic modulus by split-plot ANOVA. Multiple comparisons were performed with the SNK test (α=0.05).

Results
For all cements, the highest bond strengths were observed in sound dentin. Relyx ARC bond strength was similar to that of RelyX U200 for both substrates; BisCem had the lowest values. CAD had lower hardness (above a depth of 100 μm) and elastic modulus (above a depth of 150 μm) values than sound dentin. Stress distribution during the bond strength test was similar under all experimental conditions.

Conclusion
Impairment of the mechanical properties of dentin promoted by carious lesions reduced the bond strength of adhesive luting agents.