bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global versus Glocal Dimensions of the Post-1981 Indian English Novel
Authors: Rogobete Daniela 
Published: April 2015

In the context of endless theoretical debates on the benefices and drawbacks of cultural globalisation and the emergence of a global culture, the present article analyses different aspects of the rise of the Indian Novel written in English (INE). It focuses on various strategies of cultural legitimation and global recognition INE has found in its various stages of evolution and on the recent fictional formulae it has adopted, in order to see the extent to which the “global” paradigm can be applied to this type of writing. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that INE, though usually associated to the idea of “global novel” – on account of its hybrid status as a “born translated” postcolonial text, its global circulation, international recognition, impressive sales figures and extraordinary success – traverses a moment of relative crisis. Currently considered a complex literary phenomenon in possession of a recognized protean character and a successful formula of integration on globalised cultural markets, INE seems to escape close categorisations, to defy paradigms and to promote its own formula of glocalism. In order to meet this challenge, the article reviews some of the most important theoretical approaches to globalisation and glocalisation in relation to cultural productions, to the significant impact these have on the new economic and cultural reconfigurations of the contemporary world and to the clash between local and diasporic cultural identities. It also provides a short history of the evolution of the INE and of the current critical debates that divide the Indian literary stage on the issue of global versus local literatures in relation to such concepts as authenticity, cultural essentialism, cosmopolitanism and regionalism.
Care Partners and Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: McKenzie Tamara , Quig Mary Elizabeth , Tyry Tuula , Marrie Ruth Ann , Cutter Gary , Shearin Edward , Johnson Kamau , Simsarian James 
Published: April 2015

Background: Caring for someone with multiple sclerosis (MS) can be a stressful experience that requires clinical attention. We investigated the impact of caregiver stress on the emotional well-being and physical health of the MS care partner using the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) Registry.Methods: Care partners of NARCOMS participants were invited to complete an online questionnaire that captured demographic characteristics, health status, caregiver burden as measured by the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview, and impact of caregiving on employment.Results: Of 1446 care partners who agreed to participate, 1333 had complete data. Most were men (n = 825, 61.9%), with a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (11.2) years. The mean (SD) Zarit total score was 24.6 (15.1), placing the overall group in the mild caregiver burden range. Compared with male care partners, female care partners reported higher levels of burden and stress and more medication use for stress/anxiety and mood disorders. Male care partners were more likely to report physical concerns. Care partners of people with primary progressive MS reported greater perceived burden than did partners of people with secondary progressive MS and relapsing-remitting MS. More than 40% of care partners (559 of 1288) had missed work during the past year owing to caregiving responsibilities.Conclusions: Care partners of people with MS have substantial physical and psychological health concerns and experience an adverse impact on employment. Future research should evaluate how to mitigate the adverse effects of caregiving and evaluate positive aspects of the role.
Occurrence of greigite in the Pliocene sediments of Lake Qinghai, China, and its paleoenvironmental and paleomagnetic implications
Authors: Fu Chaofeng , Bloemendal Jan , Qiang Xiaoke , Hill Mimi J. , An Zhisheng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLake Qinghai in North China is the largest interior plateau lake in Central Asia and is climatically sensitive. An almost continuous 626 m long sediment core was drilled in an infilled part of the southern lake basin of Lake Qinghai. The magnetic susceptibility record reveals the presence of two distinct peaks within an interval of fine‐grained lacustrine sediments of Lower Pliocene age. We selected a depth interval of approximately 40 m spanning the magnetic susceptibility peaks for detailed rock magnetic and geochemical analyses in order to identify the magnetic mineralogy responsible and to assess its possible paleoenvironmental and paleomagnetic implications. Rock magnetic, X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive analysis of X‐ray (EDAX) analyses reveal that the main magnetic carrier is greigite (Fe3S4). The greigite is of early diagenetic origin and formed in an inerval of high lake level and inferred relatively warm, humid climate. The greigite‐enriched zones are separated by an interval of relatively high total sulfur and organic carbon content, and we infer that in the adjacent greigite‐bearing zones, the lower concentrations of sulfur and organic carbon, and high levels of reactive iron, arrested the process of pyritization resulting in the preservation of the greigite on a time scale of several million years. The greigite zones contain narrow intervals of normally magnetized sediments which may be previously unrecognized cryptochrons within the Gilbert Chron, or alternatively they may reflect the continued formation of greigite long after the age of deposition of the surrounding sediment matrix.
Time delay of interplanetary magnetic field penetration into Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Rong Z. J. , Lui A. T. Y. , Wan W. X. , Yang Y. Y. , Shen C. , Petrukovich A. A. , Zhang Y. C. , Zhang T. L. , Wei Y. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany previous studies have demonstrated that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) can control the magnetospheric dynamics. Immediate magnetospheric responses to the external IMF have been assumed for a long time. The specific processes by which IMF penetrates into magnetosphere, however, are actually unclear. Solving this issue will help to accurately interpret the time sequence of magnetospheric activities (e.g., substorm and tail plasmoids) exerted by IMF. With two carefully selected cases, we found that the penetration of IMF into magnetotail is actually delayed by 1–1.5 h, which significantly lags behind the magnetotail response to the solar wind dynamic pressure. The delayed time appears to vary with different auroral convection intensity, which may suggest that IMF penetration in the magnetotail is controlled considerably by the dayside reconnection. Several unfavorable cases demonstrate that the penetration lag time is more clearly identified when storm/substorm activities are not involved.
The impact of a slow interplanetary coronal mass ejection on Venus
Authors: Collinson Glyn A. , Grebowsky Joseph , Sibeck David G. , Jian Lan K. , Boardsen Scott , Espley Jared , Hartle Dick , Zhang Tielong L. , Barabash Stas , Futaana Yoshifumi , Kollmann Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present Venus Express observations of the impact of a slow interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME), which struck Venus on 23 December 2006, creating unusual quasi steady state upstream conditions for the 2 h close to periapsis: an enhanced (∼ nT) interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), radially aligned with the Sun‐Venus line; and a dense (∼ cm−3) solar wind. Contrary to our current understanding and expectations, the ionosphere became partially demagnetized. We also find evidence for shocked sheathlike solar wind protons and electrons in the wake of Venus, and powerful (≈ nT2/Hz) foreshock whistler mode waves radiating from the bow shock at an unexpectedly low frequency (0.6 Hz). Given the abnormally high density of escaping heavy ions at the magnetopause boundary (295 cm−3, one of the highest of the whole mission) and the enhanced density of escaping heavy ions in the wake, we find that even weak ICMEs with no driving shocks can increase atmospheric loss rates at Venus and suggests that the Bx component of the IMF may be a factor in atmospheric escape rates.
Substrate, sediment, and slope controls on bedrock channel geometry in postglacial streams
Authors: Whitbread Katie , Jansen John , Bishop Paul , Attal Mikaël 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe geometry of channels controls the erosion rate of rivers and the evolution of topography following environmental change. We examine how sediment, slope, and substrate interact to constrain the development of channels following deglaciation and test whether theoretical relationships derived from streams reacting to tectonic uplift apply in these settings. Using an extensive data set of channel geometry measurements from postglacial streams in the Scottish Highlands, we find that a power law width‐drainage area scaling model accounts for 81% of the spatial variation in channel width. Substrate influences channel form at the reach scale, with bedrock channels found to be narrower and deeper than alluvial channels. Bedrock channel width does not covary with slope, which may be due to downstream variations in sediment flux. Bedrock channel width‐to‐depth ratios increase with discharge (or area) and sediment flux, consistent with increasing bed cover promoting lateral widening. We find steep, wide, and shallow bedrock channels immediately below lakes, which we interpret as the result of limited erosion due to a lack of sediment “tools.” Where sediment supply is sufficient to exceed transport capacity, alluvial channels develop wider, shallower geometries constrained primarily by flow hydraulics. Our results indicate that simple scaling models of channel width with drainage area are applicable at regional scale, but locally, channel width varies with substrate, and in the case of bedrock channels, with sediment flux.
Quantifying the stratigraphic completeness of delta shoreline trajectories
Authors: Mahon Robert C. , Shaw John B. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Hobley Daniel E. J. , McElroy Brandon 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the incomplete nature of the stratigraphic record is fundamental for interpreting stratigraphic sequences. Methods for quantifying stratigraphic completeness for one‐dimensional stratigraphic columns, defined as the proportion of time intervals of some length that contain stratigraphy, are commonplace; however, quantitative assessments of completeness in higher dimensions are lacking. Here we present a metric for defining stratigraphic completeness of two‐dimensional shoreline trajectories using topset‐foreset rollover positions in dip‐parallel sections and describe the preservation potential of a shoreline trajectory derived from the geometry of the delta surface profile and the kinematics of the geomorphic shoreline trajectory. Two end‐member forward models are required to fully constrain the preservation potential of the shoreline dependent on whether or not a topset is eroded during base level fall. A laboratory fan‐delta was constructed under nonsteady boundary conditions, and one‐dimensional stratigraphic column and two‐dimensional shoreline completeness curves were calculated. Results are consistent with the hypothesis derived from conservation of sediment mass that completeness over all timescales should increase given increasing dimensions of analysis. Stratigraphic trajectories and completeness curves determined from forward models using experimental geomorphic trajectories compare well to values from transects when subsampled to the equivalent stratigraphic resolution as observed in the actual preserved sequence. The concept of stratigraphic completeness applied to two‐dimensional trajectory analysis and the end‐member forward models presented here provide novel tools for a conceptual understanding of the nature of stratigraphic preservation at basin scales.
Can we probe the conductivity of the lithosphere and upper mantle using satellite tidal magnetic signals?
Authors: Schnepf N. R. , Kuvshinov A. , Sabaka T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA few studies convincingly demonstrated that the magnetic fields induced by the lunar semidiurnal (M2) ocean flow can be identified in satellite observations. This result encourages using M2 satellite magnetic data to constrain subsurface electrical conductivity in oceanic regions. Traditional satellite‐based induction studies using signals of magnetospheric origin are mostly sensitive to conducting structures because of the inductive coupling between primary and induced sources. In contrast, galvanic coupling from the oceanic tidal signal allows for studying less conductive, shallower structures. We perform global 3‐D electromagnetic numerical simulations to investigate the sensitivity of M2 signals to conductivity distributions at different depths. The results of our sensitivity analysis suggest it will be promising to use M2 oceanic signals detected at satellite altitude for probing lithospheric and upper mantle conductivity. Our simulations also suggest that M2 seafloor electric and magnetic field data may provide complementary details to better constrain lithospheric conductivity.
Observed climate change hotspots
Authors: Turco M. , Palazzi E. , von Hardenberg J. , Provenzale A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe quantify climate change hotspots from observations, taking into account the differences in precipitation and temperature statistics (mean, variability, and extremes) between 1981–2010 and 1951–1980. Areas in the Amazon, the Sahel, tropical West Africa, Indonesia, and central eastern Asia emerge as primary observed hotspots. The main contributing factors are the global increase in mean temperatures, the intensification of extreme hot‐season occurrence in low‐latitude regions and the decrease of precipitation over central Africa. Temperature and precipitation variability have been substantially stable over the past decades, with only a few areas showing significant changes against the background climate variability. The regions identified from the observations are remarkably similar to those defined from projections of global climate models under a “business‐as‐usual” scenario, indicating that climate change hotspots are robust and persistent over time. These results provide a useful background to develop global policy decisions on adaptation and mitigation priorities over near‐time horizons.
Estimating and Investigating Organic Premiums for Retail‐Level Food Products
Authors: Jaenicke Edward C. , Carlson Andrea C. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTUsing 7 years of household‐level scanner data, we use a hedonic pricing model to estimate the organic price premium for four retail‐level food products. In each case, we find strong organic premiums of about 30% for bagged carrots, over 40% for canned soup, over 50% for coffee, and over 70% for milk. Using the estimated results from the hedonic price model, we pool the results across products, markets, and years, and then estimate a novel second‐stage model where we uncover retail‐level market factors associated with higher or lower premiums. For example, we find that category‐level organic sales are associated with higher organic price premiums, whereas category‐level nonorganic sales are associated with lower premiums. Taken collectively, our results suggest that organic price premiums are not threatened in the near term, but that several competing factors help moderate the size of the premiums.
Consumer Perception of Organic Food in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Saint Petersburg, Russia
Authors: Bruschi Viola , Shershneva Ksenia , Dolgopolova Irina , Canavari Maurizio , Teuber Ramona 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis study provides insights on urban Russian consumers’ attitudes and perceptions toward organic food, as well as factors that facilitate or prevent them from purchasing these products. We adopted an exploratory mixed‐method approach, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative investigations undertaken in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Our results suggest that organic food consumption is mainly motivated by personal well‐being and less by social or environmental concerns. Most participants perceive organic food as higher quality products, based upon which they show an acceptance of a price premium for organic food. The group of organic food consumers in our study relies on organic agriculture as one possible strategy to cope with food safety problems. The presence of strict standards for organic food, the trustworthiness of foreign certifications and the perceived higher quality of foreign products (especially from Europe) are perceived together as a safety guarantee. Our results further indicate that the widespread confusion regarding product recognition represents an important obstacle for organic food consumption growth. Implementing a coherent legislative framework to allow product labeling is apparently crucial yet not sufficient for developing the organic sector in Russia; moreover, trust in food labeling and control systems as well as awareness about organic standards is also required.
Cost of Coexistence of GM and Non‐GM Products in the Food Supply Chains of Rapeseed Oil and Maize Starch in Germany
Authors: Gabriel Andreas , Menrad Klaus 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to quantify with respect to national and EU regulations the costs of coexistence systems for genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food in Germany from the seed to the food level for rapeseed oil and maize starch intended for human consumption. The applied model follows the principle of aggregating all the costs of producing, transporting, and processing food crops on the different levels of the supply chains and increasing the non‐GM price premium of the final product for each level. Results indicate that ensuring coexistence results in a price some 7.4% to 13.8% higher for non‐GM food products depending on assumed segregation strategies in the two agri‐food supply chains analyzed. Altogether this study substantiates the suggestion that costs of GMO‐related coexistence in the food sector can only be traced by a case‐by‐case analysis and are influenced by multiple, dynamically changing factors [EconLit Subject Descriptors: L660, Q180].
Volatility Spillovers in the Spanish Food Marketing Chain: The Case of Tomato
Authors: Ait Sidhoum Amer , Serra Teresa 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis research aims to assess volatility spillovers along the Spanish tomato marketing chain. A multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MGARCH) model is fit to weekly tomato prices at different levels of the marketing chain (producers, wholesalers and consumers). Empirical results suggest significant price transmission and volatility spillovers between different market levels. While causality links flow in all directions, volatility transmission is stronger from the consumer to the producer and wholesale prices rather than the other way around. Consumer price first and second moments are quite rigid, while producer and wholesale prices tend to suffer from higher instability.
Synthesis of an [(NHC)2Pd(SiMe3)2] Complex and Catalytic cis‐Bis(silyl)ations of Alkynes with Unactivated Disilanes
Authors: Ansell Melvyn B. , Roberts Debbie E. , Cloke F. Geoffrey N. , Navarro Oscar , Spencer John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe novel complex cis‐[(ITMe)2Pd(SiMe3)2 (ITMe=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) has been synthesized by mild oxidative cleavage of Me3SiSiMe3 using [(ITMe)2Pd0]. The use of this complex as precatalyst for the cis‐bis(silyl)ation of alkynes using unactivated disilanes is reported.
Adult‐onset Diamond‐Blackfan anemia with a novel mutation in the exon 5 of RPL11: too late and too rare
Authors: Flores Ballester Elena , Gil‐Fernández Juan José , Vázquez Blanco Miguel , Mesa José M. , de Dios García Juan , Tamayo Ana T. , Burgaleta Carmen 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageDiamond‐Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a congenital erythroid aplasia usually diagnosed in the early infancy and associated with mutations or large deletions in 11 ribosomal protein (RP) genes. Adult patients with severe, transfusion dependence, aregenerative anemia might have a genetic‐in‐origin disease with an atypical presentation. Late onset nonclassical DBA should be ruled out and mutations of RP genes studied.
Geographical and Geological Origin of Natural Graphite Heavily Influence the Electrical and Electrochemical Properties of Chemically Modified Graphenes
Authors: Wong Colin Hong An , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNatural graphite is an important precursor for the production of chemically modified graphenes in bulk quantities for electrochemical applications. These natural graphites have varying fundamental properties due to the different geological processes and environments at their points of origin, which are expected to affect their chemical reactivity and hence the properties of the derived graphene materials. Four different natural graphites with known geographical and geological origins were exposed to a modified Hummers oxidation method and the resulting graphite oxides were studied. The graphite oxides were shown to have different extents of oxidation and types of oxygen groups, which directly influenced their electrochemical properties. These differences were propagated further in the subsequent chemical reduction of the graphite oxides, and the reduced graphene oxides exhibited significantly different reduction efficiencies and electrical conductivities. These findings show that the choice of natural graphite of known origin is important to synthesize chemically modified graphenes with a desired set of properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Resistivity, Magnetic, and Theoretical Study of ScUS3.
Authors: Prakash Jai , Mesbah Adel , Ward Matthew D. , Lebegue Sebastien , Malliakas Christos D. , Lee Minseong , Choi Eun Sang , Ibers James A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBlack needle‐shaped crystals of the title compound are prepared in high yield from stoichiometric amounts of the elements (1173 K, 96 h; slow cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Trivalent Cation‐Controlled Phase Space of New U(IV) Fluorides, Na3MU6F30 (M: Al3+, Ga3+, Ti3+, V3+, Cr3+, Fe3+): Mild Hydrothermal Synthesis Including an in situ Reduction Step, Structures, Optical, and Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Yeon Jeongho , Smith Mark D. , Morrison Gregory , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of the title compounds are hydrothermally synthesized in nearly quantitative yields from aqueous mixtures of UO2(OAc)2, NaF, HF, and Ti2O3, or V2O5, GaF3, or FeF2 for Na3MU6F30 (M: Ti, V, Ga, Fe), and from aqueous mixtures of NaUF5, HF, and Na3AlF6, or CrF3 for Na3MU6F30 (M: Al, Cr) (autoclave, 200 °C, 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Monomeric Keggin‐Type Phosphotungstate Containing Heterometallic {Ni6WNi} Clusters.
Authors: Liu Jing‐Wen , Liu Yong‐Chao , He Huan , Yang Bai‐Feng , Yang Guo‐Yu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe new compound [Ni(H2O)(en)2][WO4]{ [Ni6(OH)3(H2O)2(en)3 (imi)2](B‐α‐PW9O3 4)}·2H2O (imi: imidazole) is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of NiCl2, Na9[A‐α‐PW9O34], imi, en, and H2O (autoclave, 160 °C, 3 d, 56% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral β‐Hydroxy Sulfones via Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation in an Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Zhang Dacheng , Cheng Tanyu , Zhao Qiankun , Xu Jianyou , Liu Guohua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe nucleophilic substitution reaction of α‐bromoketones with sodium sulfinates followed by Ru‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation using sodium formate as hydrogen source provides β‐hydroxy sulfones in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities.