bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Changes in Emergency Medical Services Advanced Airway Management
Authors: Wang Henry E. , Yu Mengda Ivy , Crowe Remle P. , Nassal Michelle M. J. , Gage Christopher , Hyer J. Madison , Powell Jonathan , Ulintz Alexander , Sharkey-Toppen Travis , Wei Lai , Moeller Kim , Panchal Ashish R. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceIdentifying longitudinal changes in advanced airway management by emergency medical services (EMS) is crucial for understanding practice patterns and optimizing care.ObjectiveTo examine the longitudinal trends in endotracheal intubation (ETI) and supraglottic airway (SGA) utilization in a national EMS cohort.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed 2011 to 2022 data from the ESO Data Collaborative, a national database of US prehospital electronic health records. The study included all 911 EMS events in which advanced airway management was attempted. Data were analyzed from November 2022 to January 2024.ExposuresAdvanced airway management attempts, including ETI, SGA, and surgical airways.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe annual percentage of ETI and SGA attempts, stratified by underlying condition (cardiac arrest, nonarrest medical, nonarrest trauma, pediatrics).ResultsAmong 47.5 million EMS activations, 444 041 (mean [SD] age, 60.6 [19.8] years; 273 296 [61.5%] men) involved advanced airway management, including 305 584 (68.8%) that used ETI and 200 437 (45.1%) that used SGA. The overall incidence was 9.3 per 1000 EMS events. In the cardiac arrest cohort from 2011 to 2022, EMS events with ETI attempts decreased from 2470 of 2831 (87.3%) to 40 083 of 72 793 (55.1%) and those with SGA attempts increased from 711 of 2831 (25.1%) to 44 386 of 72 793 (61.0%). In the pediatric subset, there were similarly large decreases in ETI attempts, from 117 of 182 EMS events (97.3%) to 1573 of 2307 EMS events (68.2%), and increases in SGA attempts, from 11 of 182 EMS events (6.6%) to 1058 of 2307 EMS events (45.9%). In the nonarrest medical and nonarrest trauma cohorts, ETI attempts decreased and SGA attempts increased but to a much lower extent.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this national cross-sectional study of EMS care episodes, there were marked shifts in advanced airway management practices, with the increased use of SGA and decreased use of ETI. These observations highlight current trends in EMS airway management practices.
Enhancing Root Canal Therapy with NIR‐II Semiconducting Polymer AIEgen and Low‐Concentration Sodium Hypochlorite Synergy
Authors: Zhou Yuanzhu , Li Dan , Yue Xin , Shi Yang , Li Cong , Wang Yuhan , Chen Yao , Liu Qian , Ding Dan , Wang Dong , Shen Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite significant efforts to eliminate bacterial biofilm within root canals, achieving effective disinfection remains challenging due to the complex anatomy and limitations of disinfectants. In this study, a second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) semiconducting polymer with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties, named PIDT‐TBT, is deliberately designed and synthesized. This proposes an AIE luminogen‐based sterilization strategy in synergy with a low concentration of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO). Water‐dispersible PIDT‐TBT nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared, demonstrating good biocompatibility, as well as photothermal and photodynamic properties. Subsequent antibacterial tests show that PIDT‐TBT NPs exhibit excellent bactericidal effects against three bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Enterococcus faecalis, upon 808 nm laser irradiation. In synergy with a low concentration of NaClO (0.5%) solution, PIDT‐TBT NPs significantly improves the outcome of root canal treatment under 808 nm laser irradiation in a human extracted tooth root canal infection model. Additionally, it is found that PIDT‐TBT NPs combine with a low concentration of NaClO solution could safely dissolve dentin debris and further increase the efficiency of root canal preparation by altering the elemental composition of the inner root canal wall.
Systemic Multifunctional Nanovaccines for Potent Personalized Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Tanzhen , Cui Guanhong , Ye Ruonan , Wan Wenjun , Liu Tianhui , Zheng Yiran , Zhong Zhiyuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHematological malignancies (HM) like acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are often intractable. Cancer vaccines possibly inducing robust and broad anti‐tumor immune responses may be a promising treatment option for HM. Few effective vaccines against blood cancers are, however, developed to date partly owing to insufficient stimulation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the body and lacking appropriate tumor antigens (Ags). Here it is found that systemic multifunctional nanovaccines consisting of nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 (NOD2) and Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists – muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and CpG, and tumor cell lysate (TCL) as Ags (MCA‐NV) induce potent and broad immunity against AML. MCA‐NV show complementary stimulation of DCs and prime homing to lymphoid organs following systemic administration. Of note, in orthotopic AML mouse models, intravenous infusion of different vaccine formulations elicits substantially higher anti‐AML efficacies than subcutaneous administration. Systemic MCA‐NV cure 78% of AML mice and elicit long‐term immune memory with 100% protection from rechallenging AML cells. Systemic MCA‐NV can also serve as prophylactic vaccines against the same AML. These systemic nanovaccines utilizing patient TCL as Ags and dual adjuvants to elicit strong, durable, and broad immune responses can provide a personalized immunotherapeutic strategy against AML and other HM.
Highly Luminescent Manganese‐Doped 2D Hybrid Perovskite Nanoplatelets with Dual Emissions Controlled Through Layer Thickness Modulation
Authors: Yadav Amar Nath , Jang Sung Woo , Samanta Tuhin , Seo Jeong Min , Han Joo Hyeong , Viswanath Noolu Srinivasa Manikanta , Park Yong Min , Im Won Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDoping semiconductor nanomaterials with manganese ion (Mn2+) introduce a well‐defined photoactive d‐d level within the band structure, paving the way for diverse applications. Although Mn doping in single‐layer 2D hybrid perovskites (n = 1) has been extensively studied, limited research has been conducted on doping with modulation of the layer thickness. Herein, Mn2+ doping in hybrid 2D perovskite nanoplatelets (NPLs), L2An‐1[Pb1‐xMnx]nBr3n+1 (where L = butylammonium, A = methylammonium), with variations in Mn concentration (x = 0–0.60) and layer thickness (n = 1–3) is reported. Substitutional doping of Mn significantly increases the photoluminescence quantum yield as well as the rate of energy transfer efficiency, which strongly depends on the layer thickness of NPLs. The Mn concentration in 2D NPLs determines the rate of forward and backward energy transfer. Low‐temperature emission spectra allow to determine thickness‐dependent exciton binding energy for Mn‐doped 2D NPLs (x = 0.5) with values of 410 ± 11 meV (n = 1), 188 ± 9 meV (n = 2), and 151 ± 17 meV (n = 3). The faster dissociation of band‐edge excitons into free carriers at Mn2+ sites results in high brightness with an excellent CRI of 89.2 for the white light‐emitting diode.
Optical Temperature Sensing and Bioimaging of Aquatic Invertebrates With Nd3+‐ Sensitized Core@Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Przybylska Dominika , Jurga Natalia , Ekner‐Grzyb Anna , Stopikowska Natalia , Grześkowiak Bartosz F. , Runowski Marcin , Grzyb Tomasz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn biomedical and optical applications, multifunctional upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) play an essential role where non‐invasive temperature sensing and imaging are necessary. UCNPs smaller than 20 nm, which can be excited under 808 nm wavelength, are particularly promising in this area and can be implemented in humans or other mammals. However, new versatile nanoprobes are still needed for biology, especially for challenging studies of small aquatic invertebrates. Such tools allow better monitoring and understanding of their physiology, biochemistry, and ecological responses, which is crucial due to the growing pollution of water reservoirs and climate change. Herein, multifunctional NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaNdF4:Yb3+ core@shell NPs (15 nm), forming stable aqueous colloids, exhibiting intense emissions under excitation in the first biological window (808 nm), and presenting high thermal sensitivity and resolution related to the thermally coupled energy levels of Er3+ ions, are designed and synthesized. Such properties of UCNPs are further utilized for optical imaging of aquatic invertebrates (Daphnia magna) and temperature detection inside their bodies under 808 nm excitation. This pioneering application of NaYF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaNdF4:Yb3+ demonstrates the high potential of developed UCNPs for multifunctional applications, especially for bioimaging and temperature sensing within whole organisms.
Synthesis and HHDH‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Propargylic Epoxides
Authors: Kolman Robert J. , Švaco Petra , Majerić Elenkov Maja , Dokli Irena 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe versatile reactivity of propargylic epoxides and alcohols, due to the presence of a triple bond, is used in the synthesis of various organic compounds and building blocks. However, there are not many known methods for the preparation of optically pure propargylic epoxides and alcohols, and the existing ones often require specific reagents. Halohydrin dehalogenases (HHDHs) can be used to obtain enantiomerically pure compounds from racemic epoxides. These important biocatalysts facilitate epoxide ring‐opening reactions with unnatural nucleophiles such as azides. Here we report the biocatalytic transformation of propargylic epoxides using HHDHs. Six propargylic epoxides with different substituents were synthesized. Kinetic resolution reactions catalyzed by HHDHs in the presence of azide were performed. Two enzymes with opposite stereoselectivities, HheC and HheA2‐N178A were used and yielded azido alcohols (98–>99% ee, E‐value >200) and epoxides (29–88% ee). The best performing p‐tolyl propargylic epoxide derivative was used in a sequence of two enzymatic reactions to obtain both enantiomers of the β‐azido alcohol and the (R)‐enantiomer of the α‐azido alcohol, each in >99% ee, through complete conversion of the starting epoxide. The obtained azido alcohols were used in further transformations. The click reactions with terminal acetylenes gave triazolyl propargylic alcohols (>99% ee, 90–98% yield). In the case of the α‐azido alcohol, the click reaction was followed by intramolecular cyclization to form the dihydrofuranyl triazole motif that is found in biologically active compounds.
The EU target for organic farming: Potential economic and environmental impacts of two alternative pathways
Authors: Kremmydas Dimitrios , Beber Caetano , Baldoni Edoardo , Ciaian Pavel , Fellmann Thomas , Gocht Alexander , Hristov Jordan , Pignotti Davide , Vicario Dolores Rey , Stepanyan Davit , Tillie Pascal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe EU aims to reach 25% of the total agricultural area under organic farming by 2030. Interlinking a farm‐level and agro‐economic market model, we assess impacts of achieving the target either at Member State or aggregated EU level. Results show that flexible budget allocation across Member States would be more cost‐efficient and less detrimental to EU production. Conversely, targeting at Member State level proves more effective in generating greater aggregated and more evenly distributed environmental benefits across EU regions. The results indicate the importance of leveraging tailored approaches to optimize organic farming outcomes across the EU.
Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of biosimilar ABP 959 and eculizumab reference product in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Kulasekararaj Austin , Lanza Francesco , Arvanitakis Alexandros , Langemeijer Saskia , Chonat Satheesh , Tombak Anil , Hanes Vladimir , Cao Jia , Miller Mieke Jill , Colbert Alexander , Shander Benjamin , Mytych Daniel T. , Chow Vincent , Henary Haby 
Published: August 2024

AbstractABP 959 is a biosimilar to the eculizumab reference product (RP), which is approved for the treatment of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). This multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, two‐period crossover study randomized eculizumab RP‐treated patients with PNH to one of two treatment sequences (ABP 959/eculizumab RP or eculizumab RP/ABP 959) to evaluate the clinical similarity of ABP 959 when compared with eculizumab RP. This study evaluated the efficacy of ABP 959 when compared with eculizumab RP based on control of intravascular hemolysis as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and by the time‐adjusted area under the effect curve of LDH. Secondary outcomes included safety, pharmacokinetics, and immunogenicity. Forty‐two patients were randomized (20 in the ABP 959/eculizumab RP group and 22 in the eculizumab RP/ABP 959 group) across 25 centers. Similarity of efficacy was established by a ratio of geometric least squares means of LDH (ABP 959/eculizumab RP) of 1.0628, with a one‐sided 97.5% upper CI of 1.1576 at week 27, and a geometric means ratio of time‐adjusted area under the effect curve (ABP 959 vs. eculizumab RP) of LDH of 0.981, with a 90% CI of 0.9403–1.0239 from week 13 to 27, week 39 to 53, and week 65 to 79. All secondary efficacy endpoints were comparable between treatment groups. No new safety concerns were identified. The results of this study in patients with PNH, along with previously demonstrated similarity of analytical, nonclinical, and clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy volunteers support a demonstration of no clinically meaningful differences between ABP 959 and eculizumab RP.Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03818607.
A Review of Multi‐Order Diffraction Beams: From Phase Gradient Metasurface to Metagratings
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Yuan Yueyi , Zhang Kuang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces have attracted progressive attention as 2D metamaterials in recent years. Due to the ability to manipulate the phase, amplitude, and polarization of electromagnetic waves, metasurfaces have become a feasible way to control the wavefront. Here, two main platforms for exciting multi‐order diffraction beams in the far field based on metasurfaces, i.e., phase gradient metasurfaces (PGMs) and metagratings (MGs) are reviewed. First, the concept of generalized Snell's law (GSL) as well as the related works are presented. Then the connection between GSL and diffraction law is elaborated. The multi‐order diffraction methods based on the combination of the two principles are introduced. Following the discussion on several kinds of PGMs platforms for achieving multiple beams, the physical mechanisms of MGs are reviewed and recent progress is summarized. Finally, the typical challenges are outlined and the future development directions are prospected.
Performance Analysis of Microwave Photonic Spectral Filters based on Optical Microcombs
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Yang , Wu Jiayang , Ren Guanghui , Xu Xingyuan , Corcoran Bill , Chu Sai Tak , Little Brent E. , Morandotti Roberto , Mitchell Arnan , Moss David J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrowave transversal filters, which are implemented based on the transversal filter structure in digital signal processing, offer a high reconfigurability for achieving a variety of signal processing functions without changing hardware. When implemented using microwave photonic (MWP) technologies, also known as MWP transversal filters, they provide competitive advantages over their electrical counterparts, such as large operation bandwidth, strong immunity to electromagnetic interference, and low loss when processing signals at high frequencies. Recent advances in high‐performance optical microcombs provide compact and powerful multi‐wavelength sources for MWP transversal filters that require a larger number of wavelength channels to achieve high performance, allowing for the demonstration of a diverse range of filter functions with improved performance and new features. Here, a comprehensive performance analysis for microcomb‐based MWP spectral filters based on the transversal filter approach is presented. First, the theoretical limitations are investigated in the filter spectral response induced by finite tap numbers. Next, the distortions are analyzed in the filter spectral response resulting from experimental error sources. Finally, the influence of input signal's bandwidth on the filtering errors is assessed. These results provide a valuable guide for the design and optimization of microcomb‐based MWP transversal filters for a variety of applications.
Stability assessment of PTB7‐Th and a quinoxaline‐based polymer in both organic thin film transistors and in organic photovoltaic devices
Authors: Laventure Audrey , Brixi Samantha , Welch Gregory C. , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, we perform a stability assessment of two conjugated polymers that are conventionally used as electron donor polymers in the active layer of organic photovoltaic (OPV). More specifically, the impact of thermal annealing, a post‐treatment commonly applied in the OPV community, is evaluated in terms of device performance and stability. The two polymers are PTB7‐Th and QX1, and they are respectively blended with a non‐fullerene electron acceptor, herein a derivative of N‐annulated perylene diimide, that is, tPDI2N‐EH. These blends are targeted for their relatively high power conversion efficiency in outdoor conditions, but also for their potential as efficient active layer in low‐intensity (indoor) conditions—while these blends have been reported, no study on the impact of thermal annealing on their stability has been performed yet. The performance stability of these devices, tracked via the open circuit voltage, the short‐circuit current, the fill factor, and the power conversion efficiency metrics, were evaluated each day for 2 weeks and correlated to an evaluation of the microstructure of the active layer, evaluated using atomic force microscopy and UV–visible absorbance spectroscopy. Finally, transistors were prepared using only the two electron donor polymers, PTB7‐Th and QX1, to assess if some correlations could be made between the behaviour of the OPV devices and that of the electronic charge mobilities. Results contribute to identify which molecular structures and which post‐treatments are ideal to promote the stability of the active layers in the context of OPV devices.
Drought response of zoysiagrass with varying leaf texture under progressive deficit irrigation
Authors: Meeks Meghyn , Chandra Ambika 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImproving drought resistance in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) is a target for both private and public breeding programs. The performance of 26 elite experimental zoysiagrasses was compared under progressive drought stress with Palisades, Diamond, and Zeon. Environmental conditions were warmer and drier in 2020 (66 days) than 2021 (45 days). Irrigation was applied once weekly using potential evapotranspiration (ETo) rates and crop coefficients (Kc) of 0.6 (non‐stress), or 0.40, 0.30, and 0.25 deficit treatments. Turfgrass quality, leaf wilt, normalized difference vegetative index, normalized difference red edge, and volumetric water content were recorded weekly. Genotypes with the highest means (statistical “a” group) contributed to a turfgrass performance index (TPI). Elite zoysiagrass with TPI ≥ Palisades (19) were Zoysia japonica Steud. ecotypes DALZ 1311 (22), 1601 (19), and 1603 (21), and finer textured interspecific hybrids, DALZ 1701 (18), 1713 (26), 1714 (18), and 1801 (24). Relative to an irrigation schedule using a 0.6 Kc, these genotypes survived extreme deficit irrigation, which conserved 40.1% (45,859.6 L) and 66.4% (44, 592.2 L) of water in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrated that significant water consumption could be reduced with proper cultivar selection and deficit‐based irrigation management while maintaining an acceptable turfgrass quality under drought conditions.
Wing technique as a comprehensive method for stator and rotor inter‐turn fault diagnosis in wound rotor induction motors
Authors: Dongare Ujwala V. , Umre Bhimrao S. , Ballal Makarand S. , Dongare Vikas P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCondition monitoring plays a pivotal role in safeguarding three‐phase induction motors (IMs) commonly utilized in industrial and commercial settings. This study focuses on wound rotor induction motors (WRIMs), specifically addressing the adverse impact of the stator and rotor winding inter‐turn short circuits. Unlike prevalent literature concentrating on squirrel cage induction motors (SCIMs) and emphasizing stator inter‐turn and broken rotor bar faults, this paper introduces a comprehensive technique applicable to detecting inter‐turn faults (ITFs) in WRIMs. The proposed method ensures stable motor operation and averts catastrophic failures.Experimental validation is conducted on a three‐phase, 7.5 hp, 415 V WRIM, affirming the technique's effectiveness under conditions of unbalanced source voltages and asymmetries in stator and rotor windings. The approach employs motor currents‐based experimental emulation, utilizing loci of instantaneous symmetrical components of three‐phase stator currents, £ (is1 – is2) and rotor currents £ (ir1 – ir2) for stator and rotor ITFs detection, respectively. Termed the ‘Wing Technique’ (WT), this method derives its name from the distinctive ‘Wing Shape’ formed by these loci.
Cyclic‐di‐GMP induces inflammation and acute lung injury through direct binding to MD2
Authors: Qian Chenchen , Zhu Weiwei , Wang Jiong , Wang Zhe , Tang Weiyang , Liu Xin , Jin Bo , Xu Yong , Zhang Yuyang , Liang Guang , Wang Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere bacterial infections can trigger acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with bacterial pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) exacerbating the inflammatory response, particularly in COVID‐19 patients. Cyclic‐di‐GMP (CDG), one of the PAMPs, is synthesized by various Gram‐positve and Gram‐negative bacteria. Previous studies mainly focused on the inflammatory responses triggered by intracellular bacteria‐released CDG. However, how extracellular CDG, which is released by bacterial autolysis or rupture, activates the inflammatory response remains unclear.MethodsThe interaction between extracellular CDG and myeloid differentiation protein 2 (MD2) was investigated using in vivo and in vitro models. MD2 blockade was achieved using specific inhibitor and genetic knockout mice. Site‐directed mutagenesis, co‐immunoprecipitation, SPR and Bis‐ANS displacement assays were used to identify the potential binding sites of MD2 on CDG.ResultsOur data show that extracellular CDG directly interacts with MD2, leading to activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway and lung injury. Specific inhibitors or genetic knockout of MD2 in mice significantly alleviated CDG‐induced lung injury. Moreover, isoleucine residues at positions 80 and 94, along with phenylalanine at position 121, are essential for the binding of MD2 to CDG.ConclusionThese results reveal that extracellular CDG induces lung injury through direct interaction with MD2 and activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway, providing valuable insights into bacteria‐induced ALI mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bacterial co‐infection in COVID‐19 patients.