bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Severity of Periodontitis in Indonesian Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Susanto Hendri , Nesse Willem , Kertia Nyoman , Soeroso Juwono , Huijser van Reenen Yvonne , Hoedemaker Eveliene , Agustina Dewi , Vissink Arjan , Abbas Frank , Dijkstra Pieter U. 
Published: October 2012

Background: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may have more prevalent and severe periodontitis than healthy controls. Periodontitis may increase the systemic inflammation in RA. The aim of this study is to assess periodontitis prevalence and severity and its potential association with systemic inflammation in Indonesian patients with RA.Methods: A full‐mouth periodontal examination including probing depth, gingival recession, plaque index, and bleeding on probing was performed in 75 Indonesians with RA and 75 age‐, sex‐, and smoking‐matched Indonesian controls. A validated questionnaire was used to assess smoking, body mass index, education, and medical conditions. In addition, in all participants, the use of drugs was noted, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates and serum levels of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), rheumatoid factor, and anti‐citrullinated protein antibodies were measured. Differences in periodontitis prevalence and 12 measures of periodontitis severity between patients with RA and controls were analyzed using univariate analyses.Results: No significant differences in periodontitis prevalence and 11 measures of periodontitis severity between patients with RA and controls were observed. Conversely, patients with RA had a significantly lower surface area of healthy pocket epithelium versus controls (P = 0.008), and a tendency toward higher hsCRP levels was observed in patients with RA with severe periodontitis compared with patients with RA with no mild or moderate periodontitis (P = 0.063). It has to be noted that all patients with RA were on anti‐inflammatory drugs, whereas none of the controls used such drugs.Conclusion: Prevalence and severity of periodontitis in Indonesian patients with RA is comparable to controls but with less healthy pocket epithelium than in controls and a tendency toward a higher inflammatory state in patients with RA and severe periodontitis.
Periodontitis and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Non‐Smoking Females
Authors: Chokwiriyachit Anyarat , Dasanayake Ananda P. , Suwannarong Waraporn , Hormdee Doosasee , Sumanonta Gunniga , Prasertchareonsuk Witoon , Wara‐Aswapati Nawarat , Combellick Joan , Pitiphat Waranuch 
Published: October 2012

Background: Chronic inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Periodontal disease is associated with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and may be a risk factor for GDM. The authors aimed to examine the association between periodontitis and GDM among non‐smoking pregnant females.Methods: This case‐control study included 50 females who were diagnosed with GDM and 50 age‐ and hospital‐matched females without diabetes in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Full‐mouth periodontal examinations were performed during pregnancy by two calibrated dentists who were unaware of the case‐control status. Periodontitis was defined as ≥1 site with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≥2 mm at the same site. Serum samples were collected to measure C‐reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 levels. Analyses were performed using conditional logistic regression.Results: Fifty percent of the case females had periodontitis compared to 26% of the controls. Females with GDM had significantly higher mean PD and CAL, more sites with bleeding on probing, and increased levels of CRP compared to the controls. Periodontitis was significantly associated with GDM (odds ratio = 3.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.19 to 7.56). The association remained significant with additional adjustment for family history of diabetes, prepregnancy body mass index, and weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions: The results suggest that periodontitis is associated with GDM. Therefore, clinicians should assess periodontal conditions of pregnant females.
Formative Process Evaluation for Implementing a Social Marketing Intervention to Increase Walking Among African Americans in the Positive Action for Today’s Health Trial
Authors: Coulon Sandra M. , Wilson Dawn K. , Griffin Sarah , St. George Sara M. , Alia Kassandra A. , Trumpeter Nevelyn N. , Wandersman Abraham K. , Forthofer Melinda , Robinson Shamika , Gadson Barney 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. Evaluating programs targeting physical activity may help to reduce disparate rates of obesity among African Americans. We report formative process evaluation methods and implementation dose, fidelity, and reach in the Positive Action for Today’s Health trial.Methods: We applied evaluation methods based on an ecological framework in 2 community-based police-patrolled walking programs targeting access and safety in underserved African American communities. One program also targeted social connectedness and motivation to walk using a social marketing approach. Process data were systematically collected from baseline to 12 months.Results: Adequate implementation dose was achieved, with fidelity achieved but less stable in both programs. Monthly walkers increased to 424 in the walking-plus-social marketing program, indicating expanding program reach, in contrast to no increase in the walking-only program. Increased reach was correlated with peer-led Pride Strides (r = .92; P < .001), a key social marketing component, and program social interaction was the primary reason for which walkers reported participating.Conclusions: Formative process evaluation demonstrated that the walking programs were effectively implemented and that social marketing increased walking and perceived social connectedness in African American communities.
The Effect of Local Violence on Children’s Attention and Impulse Control
Authors: Sharkey Patrick T. , Tirado-Strayer Nicole , Papachristos Andrew V. , Raver C. Cybele 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We examined whether the burden of violence in a child’s community environment alters the child’s behavior and functioning in the classroom setting. Methods. To identify the effects of local violence, we exploited variation in the timing of local homicides, based on data from the Chicago Police Department, relative to the timing of interview assessments conducted as part of a randomized controlled trial conducted with preschoolers in Head Start programs from 2004–2006, the Chicago School Readiness Project. We compared children’s scores when exposed to recent local violence with scores when no recent violence had occurred to identify causal effects. Results. When children were assessed within a week of a homicide that occurred near their home, they exhibited lower levels of attention and impulse control and lower preacademic skills. The analysis showed strong positive effects of local violence on parental distress, providing suggestive evidence that parental responses may be a likely pathway by which local violence affects young children. Conclusions. Exposure to homicide generates acute psychological distress among caregivers and impairs children’s self-regulatory behavior and cognitive functioning.
Pregnancy as a Risk Factor for Ambulatory Limitation in Later Life
Authors: Aiken Abigail R. A. , Angel Jacqueline L. , Miles Toni P. 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We investigated the relationship between the number of times a woman has been pregnant and walking difficulty in later life. Methods. With data from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, a representative population-based cohort of Mexican Americans aged 65 years and older residing in 5 Southwestern states, we measured walking difficulty using 2 items from the performance-oriented mobility assessments: the timed walk and seated chair rise. Results. We observed significantly higher rates of ambulatory limitation among women with 6 or more pregnancies than among women with 4 or fewer pregnancies: 44.9% and 27.0%, respectively, were unable to perform or performed poorly in the seated chair rise and timed walk. Ordinal logistic regression models show that gravidity predicts level of performance in both mobility tasks and that higher gravidity is associated with worse performance, even after adjustment for both age and chronic disease. Conclusions. Gravidity is a risk factor for ambulatory limitation in old age. A life course approach to reproduction in public health research and practice is warranted.
Geomedicine: Area-Based Socioeconomic Measures for Assessing Risk of Hospital Reutilization Among Children Admitted for Asthma
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Simmons Jeffrey M. , Huang Bin , Kahn Robert S. 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. We assessed whether geographic information available at the time of asthma admission predicts time to reutilization (readmission or emergency department revisit). Methods. For a prospective cohort of children hospitalized with asthma in 2008 and 2009 in Cincinnati, Ohio, we constructed a geographic social risk index from geocoded home addresses linked to census tract extreme poverty and high school graduation rates and median home values. We examined geographic risk associations with reutilization and caregiver report of hardship. Results. Thirty-nine percent of patients reutilized within 12 months. Compared with those in the lowest geographic risk stratum, those at medium and high risk had 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.9, 1.9) and 1.8 (95% CI = 1.4, 2.4) the risk of reutilization, respectively. Caregivers of children at highest geographic risk were 5 times as likely to report more than 2 financial hardships (P < .001) and 3 times as likely to report psychological distress (P = .001). Conclusions. A geographic social risk index may help identify asthmatic children likely to return to the hospital. Targeting social risk assessments and interventions through geographic information may help to improve outcomes and reduce disparities.
Ethnic Density Effects on Physical Morbidity, Mortality, and Health Behaviors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bécares Laia , Shaw Richard , Nazroo James , Stafford Mai , Albor Christo , Atkin Karl , Kiernan Kathleen , Wilkinson Richard , Pickett Kate 
Published: October 2012

It has been suggested that people in racial/ethnic minority groups are healthier when they live in areas with a higher concentration of people from their own ethnic group, a so-called ethnic density effect. Ethnic density effects are still contested, and the pathways by which ethnic density operates are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature examining the ethnic density effect on physical health, mortality, and health behaviors. Most studies report a null association between ethnic density and health. Protective ethnic density effects are more common than adverse associations, particularly for health behaviors and among Hispanic people. Limitations of the literature include inadequate adjustment for area deprivation and limited statistical power across ethnic density measures and study samples.
Multiple resections for patients with glioblastoma: prolonging survival
Authors: Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Zadnik Patricia , Weingart Jon D. , Olivi Alessandro , Gallia Gary L. , Blakeley Jaishri , Lim Michael , Brem Henry , Quiñones-Hinojosa Alfredo 
Published: October 2012

Object
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults. These tumors recur regardless of intervention. This propensity to recur despite aggressive therapies has made many perceive that repeated resections have little utility. The goal of this study was to evaluate if patients who underwent repeat resections experienced improved survival as compared with patients with fewer numbers of resections, and whether the number of resections was an independent predictor of prolonged survival.

Methods
The records of adult patients who underwent surgery for an intracranial primary glioblastoma at an academic tertiary-care institution between 1997 and 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate proportionalhazards regression analysis was used to identify an association between glioblastoma resection number and survival after controlling for factors known to be associated with survival, such as age, functional status, periventricular location, extent of resection, and adjuvant therapy. Survival as a function of time was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival rates were compared using log-rank analysis.

Results
Five hundred seventy-eight patients with primary glioblastoma met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. At last follow-up, 354, 168, 41, and 15 patients underwent 1, 2, 3, or 4 resections, respectively. The median survival for patients who underwent 1, 2, 3, and 4 resections was 6.8, 15.5, 22.4, and 26.6 months (p < 0.05), respectively. In multivariate analysis, patients who underwent only 1 resection experienced shortened survival (relative risk [RR] 3.400, 95% CI 2.423–4.774; p < 0.0001) as compared with patients who underwent 2 (RR 0.688, 95% CI 0.525–0.898; p = 0.0006), 3 (RR 0.614, 95% CI 0.388–0.929; p = 0.02), or 4 (RR 0.600, 95% CI 0.238–0.853; p = 0.01) resections. These results were verified in a case-control evaluation, controlling for age, neurological function, periventricular tumor location, extent of resection, and adjuvant therapy. Patients who underwent 1, 2, or 3 resections had a median survival of 4.5, 16.2, and 24.4 months, respectively (p < 0.05). Additionally, the risk of infections or iatrogenic deficits did not increase with repeated resections in this patient population (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
Patients with glioblastoma will inevitably experience tumor recurrence. The present study shows that patients with recurrent glioblastoma can have improved survival with repeated resections. The findings of this study, however, may be limited by an intrinsic bias associated with patient selection. The authors attempted to minimize these biases by using strict inclusion criteria, multivariate analyses, and case-control evaluation.
An Architecture for Diversity-aware Search for Medical Web Content
Authors: Denecke K. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryObjectives: The Web provides a huge source of information, also on medical and health-related issues. In particular the content of medical social media data can be diverse due to the background of an author, the source or the topic. Diversity in this context means that a document covers different aspects of a topic or a topic is described in different ways. In this paper, we introduce an approach that allows to consider the diverse aspects of a search query when providing retrieval results to a user.Methods: We introduce a system architecture for a diversity-aware search engine that allows retrieving medical information from the web. The diversity of retrieval results is assessed by calculating diversity measures that rely upon semantic information derived from a mapping to concepts of a medical terminology. Considering these measures, the result set is diversified by ranking more diverse texts higher.Results: The methods and system architecture are implemented in a retrieval engine for medical web content. The diversity measures reflect the diversity of aspects considered in a text and its type of information content. They are used for result presentation, filtering and ranking. In a user evaluation we assess the user satisfaction with an ordering of retrieval results that considers the diversity measures.Conclusions: It is shown through the evaluation that diversity-aware retrieval considering diversity measures in ranking could increase the user satisfaction with retrieval results.
Corps et souffrances génocidaires
Authors: Jacques Alexia , Girard Noémie 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Cet article explore le processus de déshumanisation et ses effets sur les individus et plus particulièrement sur leur corps. Pour approcher l’univers de la déshumanisation, les auteurs se sont plongées dans l’irreprésentable des violences génocidaires survenues dans la région des Grands Lacs au Burundi. Deux grandes interrogations constituent le fil rouge de la réflexion : le corps et le paradoxal. Le cas de Nemesa, jeune ex-rebelle burundaise, a permis de penser la souffrance paradoxale liée aux violences extrêmes et inhumaines.
Le corps obèse, sémaphore de la souffrance familiale
Authors: Cuynet Patrice , Sanahuja Maria de la Almudena , Bernard Alexandra 
Published: October 2012

Résumé À travers le cas clinique d’une adolescente obèse, l’article postule que le corps « obèse » peut être l’espace d’expression de la conflictualité inter et transgénérationnelle. Le symptôme de l’obésité viendrait alors préserver l’homéostasie familiale. Cet écrit met le projecteur sur la dimension contenante de ce corps « encombrant », signifiant formel d’une enveloppe psychique porteuse de traces douloureuses appartenant au mémorial familial. Il expose ainsi une explication au phénomène de résistance à l’amaigrissement rencontré parfois dans la clinique de l’obésité.
Contenir, transformer, retraiter. Trois fonctions des visites médiatisées
Authors: Cornalba Vincent 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Dans ce présent article, il s’agit de définir les conditions à partir desquelles il est possible de convoquer la notion de « visite médiatisée ». Le dispositif mis en place dans le cadre de rencontres parent/enfant et nécessitant un travail de médiatisation doit pouvoir s’appuyer sur trois fonctions spécifiques. La première correspond à l’établissement d’un système pare-excitation susceptible d’accueillir et de réduire les effets des excitations générées dans et par la rencontre. La deuxième représente le travail de métabolisation des données de la rencontre en éléments psychiques, à travers les processus de traduction et de transformation. Enfin, la visite médiatisée doit contribuer au retraitement du négatif tel que l’histoire familiale en porte la trace. Ces fonctions s’inscrivent dans un principe de continuité sans lequel il est inapproprié de parler de médiatisation des visites.
Les chefs d'établissement : de nouveaux managers au sein d'organisations en mutation
Authors: Attarça Mourad , Chomienne Hervé 
Published: October 2012

Résumé En s’appuyant sur une enquête empirique, cet article vise à caractériser les mutations du rôle de chef d’établissement. Celui-ci apparaît comme un manager public en quête de légitimité et de référentiel professionnel afin de pouvoir assurer ses responsabilités de pilotage et son rôle de leadership. Il se trouve au cœur d’un champ de tensions résultant des évolutions structurelles des établissements scolaires, le conduisant à concilier trois modes de coordination : la standardisation des procédés, la standardisation des résultats imposée de façon croissante par la tutelle, et la standardisation des compétences indispensable à l’autonomie d’action des enseignants.
Crise ou déclassement ?
Authors: Nivet Bastien 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Les difficultés rencontrées par l’Union européenne (UE) dans sa gestion de la crise ont fait émerger un nouveau « discours inquiet sur l’Europe » dans les relations internationales. Venant tant de pays « du Sud » que des États-Unis, ce discours vient troubler l’image d’une UE davantage destinée à venir en aide aux autres qu’un acteur suscitant leur inquiétude. Il est nécessaire de le décrypter et de l’analyser, afin de comprendre s’il s’agit d’un discours symbolique ou s’il révèle, plus largement un déclassement de l’UE sur la scène mondiale.
L'État selon Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Lenoir Rémi 
Published: October 2012

Alors qu’il s’obligeait à ne pas utiliser le mot État dans ses travaux jusque dans la deuxième moitié des années 1980, Bourdieu lui a consacré son cours au Collège de France pendant trois ans (1989-1992). Pourquoi ? Leur édition récente permet de répondre à cette question. Il s’en explique lui-même en retraçant la sociogénèse de l’État en Europe, depuis le XII e siècle en relation avec ce qu’il appelait depuis le début des années 1970, le « champ du pouvoir ». Cet intérêt pour l’État doit l’essentiel à ses études sur les modes de domination et ses enquêtes sur les différentes fractions de la classe dominante (la « noblesse d’État ») qui ont beaucoup contribué à l’élaboration de la notion de capital symbolique dont l’accumulation primitive, est, selon Bourdieu, au fondement de l’émergence de l’État, principal agent et instrument primordial de construction de la réalité sociale.
Le gaullisme d'ordre des années 68
Authors: Audigier François 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Traumatisés par la crise de mai 1968 qu’ils lisent comme un plan organisé et secret de sédition, certains gaullistes organisent autour de cette menace de subversion une partie importante de leur action militante et de leur réflexion théorique. Avec l’appui du conseiller élyséen Jacques Foccart, ces gaullistes d’ordre assurent une veille et préparent la riposte autour d’associations et d’individus réunis en réseaux. Ils exercent, auprès du parti gaulliste, du gouvernement, du Parlement, des médias, une certaine influence, jouant le rôle de lobby afin de promouvoir, avec une efficacité inégale, une action répressive. Si ces réseaux manquent trop de cohérence pour être qualifiés totalement de courant politique, ils forment au sein du gaullisme des années 68 une tendance originale différente de l’anticommunisme classique de l’époque du Rassemble du peuple français (RPF).
La « petite lanterne du progrès »
Authors: Granger Christophe 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Entre 1890 et 1914, l’école primaire, centre laïcisé des existences locales, forme aussi le cœur d’une intense œuvre d’ « éducation populaire », celle des adultes autrement dit. Le soir, après la classe, les instituteurs accueillent la population locale et s’efforcent, en favorisant l’accès de chacun à la compréhension du monde et au débat d’opinion, de faire naître le « citoyen éclairé » que les républicains appellent de leurs vœux. La banlieue « ouvrière » qui s’organise alors aux portes de Paris se révèle d’une particulière vivacité. Outre les cours du soir, les maîtres y multiplient les conférences, auxquelles les projections lumineuses confèrent un succès considérable. Marqués par l’idéal d’une société solidaire, ils animent aussi de nombreuses amicales d’anciens élèves de l’école, qui assurent une importante entraide locale et la socialisation des jeunes par les aînés. Cette éducation populaire n’a rien de simples restes du festin scolaire de la République. Elle dit l’implication sociale des instituteurs, la plasticité de leur métier et l’inventivité pratique dont ils faisaient montre. Elle dit aussi l’intensité passée d’une croisade nationale, où se dessinaient les interrogations de la démocratie moderne.
Michel Debré et les avatars du libéralisme français (1936-1945)
Authors: Perrier Jérôme 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Haut fonctionnaire devenu homme politique, Michel Debré a toujours attaché une grande importance aux idées, préalable indispensable à l’action politique. Ses riches archives personnelles en témoignent et permettent de retracer avec précision son cheminement intellectuel entre 1936 et 1945, moment où les valeurs libérales fondatrices du modèle républicain français sont mises à rude épreuve. Jeune technocrate, Michel Debré vit avec douleur la crise du régime parlementaire jusqu’à l’effondrement de 1940, qui suscite chez lui une brève tentation autoritaire. Avant que son entrée dans la Résistance ne coïncide avec une forme de synthèse néolibérale visant à réconcilier liberté et autorité, aux antipodes du citoyen opposé aux pouvoirs incarné par le philosophe Alain, mais dans la lignée d’un libéralisme par l’État, hérité notamment des grands fondateurs de la Troisième République. Analyser en détail ce parcours fournit dès lors une contribution inédite à l’étude de la genèse de la Constitution de 1958.