bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributed empirical algorithms to estimate catchment scale sediment connectivity and yield in a subtropical region
Authors: Jamshidi Reza , Dragovich Deirdre , Webb Ashley A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe intensity of soil loss and sediment delivery, representing hydrologic and geomorphic processes within a catchment, accelerates with rapid changes in land cover and rainfall events. An underlying component of sustainable management of water resources is an understanding of spatial and temporal variability and the adverse influences of regional parameters involved in generating sediment following widespread changes in land cover. A calibrated algorithm of soil loss coupled with a sediment delivery ratio (SDR) was applied in raster data layers to improve the capability of a combined model to estimate annual variability in sediment yields related to changes in vegetation cover identified by analyses of SPOT imagery. Four catchments in Kangaroo River State forest were assessed for annual changes in sediment yields. Two catchments were selectively logged in 2007, while the two other sites remained undisturbed. Results of SDR estimates indicated that only a small proportion of total eroded sediment from hillslopes is transported to catchment outlets. Larger SDR values were estimated in regions close to catchment outlets, and the SDR reduced sharply on hillslopes further than 200–300 m from these areas. Estimated sediment yield increased by up to 30% two years after land cover change (logging) in 2009 when more storm events were recorded, despite the moderate density of vegetation cover in 2009 having almost recovered to its initial pre‐logging (2005) condition. Rainfall had the most significant influence on streamflow and sediment delivery in all catchments, with steeply sloping areas contributing large amounts of sediment during moderate and high rainfall years in 2007 and 2009. It is concluded that the current scenario of single‐tree selection logging utilized in the study area is an acceptable and environmentally sound land management strategy for preservation of soil and water resources. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
THE IMPACT OF FEATURE SELECTION: A DATA‐MINING APPLICATION IN DIRECT MARKETING
Authors: Tan Ding‐Wen , Yeoh William , Boo Yee Ling , Liew Soung‐Yue 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThe capability of identifying customers who are more likely to respond to a product is an important issue in direct marketing. This paper investigates the impact of feature selection on predictive models which predict reordering demand of small and medium‐sized enterprise customers in a large online job‐advertising company. Three well‐known feature subset selection techniques in data mining, namely correlation‐based feature selection (CFS), subset consistency (SC) and symmetrical uncertainty (SU), are applied in this study. The results show that the predictive models using SU outperform those without feature selection and those with the CFS and SC feature subset evaluators. This study has examined and demonstrated the significance of applying the feature‐selection approach to enhance the accuracy of predictive modelling in a direct‐marketing context. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gallai's Conjecture For Graphs of Girth at Least Four
Authors: Harding Peter , McGuinness Sean 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn 1966, Gallai conjectured that for any simple, connected graph G having n vertices, there is a path‐decomposition of G having at most paths. In this article, we show that for any simple graph G having girth , there is a path‐decomposition of G having at most paths, where is the number of vertices of odd degree in G and is the number of nonisolated vertices of even degree in G.
Quetiapine for the treatment of delirium
Authors: Hawkins Stefanie B. , Bucklin Mason , Muzyk Andrew J. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDDelirium is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized medically ill patients. Haloperidol has historically been the agent of choice for the treatment of delirium, but recent studies have explored the efficacy of second‐generation antipsychotics such as quetiapine. The unique pharmacology of quetiapine may allow it to treat delirium and provide sedation without causing significant extrapyramidal side effects.PURPOSETo evaluate the efficacy of quetiapine for the treatment of delirium.DATA SOURCESA search was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase (January 1960–December 2012) using keywords “quetiapine,” “second‐generation antipsychotic,” “atypical antipsychotic,” “delirium,” and “agitation.”STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTIONThe search was limited to English‐language articles and trials with treatment of delirium as the primary end point. Eight trials met this inclusion criterion.DATA SYNTHESISTwo randomized controlled trials, 5 open‐label studies, and 1 retrospective cohort study evaluating quetiapine for the treatment of delirium were reviewed. One randomized controlled trial showed no differences in total mean delirium scores, but found the rate of delirium improvement was significantly shorter with quetiapine. The second randomized controlled trial showed the time to first resolution of delirium was shorter with quetiapine compared to placebo. Results of the open‐label and retrospective cohort trials have also shown significant resolution of delirium from baseline and equal efficacy with quetiapine compared to amisulpride and haloperidol.CONCLUSIONSQuetiapine appears to be an effective and safe agent for the treatment of delirium in both general medicine and intensive care unit patients. The trials summarized suggest that quetiapine resolves symptoms of delirium more quickly than placebo and has equal efficacy compared to haloperidol and the atypical antipsychotic amisulpride. Further study is needed. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:215–220. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
In vivo imaging of paraCEST agents using frequency labeled exchange transfer MRI
Authors: Lin Chien‐Yuan , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Ratnakar James , Sherry A. Dean , van Zijl Peter C. M. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeA main obstacle to in vivo applications of paramagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (paraCEST) is interference from endogenous tissue magnetization transfer contrast (MTC). The suitability of excitation‐based frequency labeled exchange transfer (FLEX) to separate out such MTC effects in vivo was tested.MethodsThe FLEX sequence measures modulation of the water signal based on the chemical shift evolution of solute proton magnetization as a function of evolution time. Time‐domain analysis of this water signal allows identification of different solute components and provides a mechanism to separate out the rapidly decaying MTC components with short effective transverse relaxation time (
) values.ResultsFLEX imaging of paraCEST agents was possible in vitro in phantoms and in vivo in mouse kidneys and bladder. The results demonstrated that FLEX is capable of separating out the MTC signal from tissues in vivo while providing a quantitative exchange rate for the rapidly exchanging paraCEST water protons by fitting the FLEX time‐domain signal to FLEX theory.ConclusionsThe first in vivo FLEX images of a paraCEST agent were acquired, which allowed separation of the tissue MTC components. These results show that FLEX imaging has potential for imaging the distribution of functional paraCEST agents in biological tissues. Magn Reson Med 71:286–293, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Myelin water mapping by spatially regularized longitudinal relaxographic imaging at high magnetic fields
Authors: Labadie Christian , Lee Jing‐Huei , Rooney William D. , Jarchow Silvia , Aubert‐Frécon Monique , Springer Charles S. , Möller Harald E. 
Published: March 2013

PurposeMagnetic resonance T1‐weighted images are routinely used for human brain segmentation, brain parcellation, and clinical diagnosis of demyelinating diseases. Myelin is thought to influence the longitudinal relaxation commonly described by a mono‐exponential recovery, although reports of bi‐exponential longitudinal relaxation have been published. The purpose of this work was to investigate if a myelin water T1 contribution could be separated in geometrically sampled Look‐Locker trains of low flip angle gradient echoes.MethodsT1 relaxograms from normal human brain were computed by a spatially regularized inverse Laplace transform after estimating the apparent inversion efficiency.ResultsWith sufficiently long inversion‐time sampling (ca. 5 × T1 of cerebrospinal fluid), the T1 relaxogram revealed a short‐T1 peak (106–225 ms). The apparent fraction of this water component increased in human brain white matter from 8.3% at 3 T, to 11.3% at 4 T and 15.0% at 7 T. The T2* of the short‐T1 peak at 3 T was shorter, 27.9 ± 13.0 ms, than that of the long‐T1 peak, 51.3 ± 5.6 ms.ConclusionThe short‐T1 fraction is interpreted as the water resident in myelin. Its detection is facilitated by longer T1 of axoplasmic water at higher magnetic field. Magn Reson Med 71:375–387, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiband accelerated spin‐echo echo planar imaging with reduced peak RF power using time‐shifted RF pulses
Authors: Auerbach Edward J. , Xu Junqian , Yacoub Essa , Moeller Steen , Uğurbil Kâmil 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate an alternative method for generating multibanded radiofrequency (RF) pulses for use in multiband slice‐accelerated imaging with slice‐GRAPPA unaliasing, substantially reducing the required peak power without bandwidth compromises. This allows much higher accelerations for spin‐echo methods such as SE‐fMRI and diffusion‐weighted MRI where multibanded slice acceleration has been limited by available peak power.Theory and Methods:Multibanded “time‐shifted” RF pulses were generated by inserting temporal shifts between the applications of RF energy for individual bands, avoiding worst‐case constructive interferences. Slice profiles and images in phantoms and human subjects were acquired at 3 T.Results:For typical sinc pulses, time‐shifted multibanded RF pulses were generated with little increase in required peak power compared to single‐banded pulses. Slice profile quality was improved by allowing for higher pulse bandwidths, and image quality was improved by allowing for optimum flip angles to be achieved.Conclusion:A simple approach has been demonstrated that significantly alleviates the restrictions imposed on achievable slice acceleration factors in multiband spin‐echo imaging due to the power requirements of multibanded RF pulses. This solution will allow for increased accelerations in diffusion‐weighted MRI applications where data acquisition times are normally very long and the ability to accelerate is extremely valuable. Magn Reson Med 69:1261–1267, 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Supplier certification and quality investment in supply chains
Authors: Chen Ying‐Ju , Deng Mingcherng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGlobal sourcing has made quality management a more challenging task, and supplier certification has emerged as a solution to overcome suppliers' informational advantage about their product quality. This article analyzes the impact of certification standards on the supplier's investment in quality, when a buyer outsources the production process. Based on our results, deterministic certification may lead to under‐investment in quality improvement technology for efficient suppliers, thereby leading to potential supply chain inefficiency. The introduction of noisy certification may alleviate this under‐investment problem, when the cost of information asymmetry is high. While allowing noisy certification always empowers the buyer to offer a menu to screen among heterogeneous suppliers, the buyer may optimally choose only a limited number of certification standards. Our analysis provides a clear‐cut prediction of the types of certifiers the buyer should use for heterogeneous suppliers, and we identify the conditions under which the supplier benefits from noisy certification. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
The graph association problem: Mathematical models and a lagrangian heuristic
Authors: Tauer Gregory , Nagi Rakesh , Sudit Moises 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraph association is the problem of merging many graphs that collectively describe a set of possibly repetitive entities and relationships into a single graph that contains unique entities and relationships. As a form of data association, graph association can be used to identify when two sensors are observing the same object so information from both sensors can be combined and analyzed in a meaningful and consistent way. Graph association between two graphs is related to the problem of graph matching, and between multiple graphs it is related to the common labeling of a graph set (also known as multiple graph matching) problem. This article contribution is to formulate graph association as a binary linear program and introduce a heuristic for solving multiple graph association using a Lagrangian relaxation approach to address issues with between‐graph transitivity requirements. The algorithms are tested on a representative dataset. The developed model formulation was found to accurately solve the graph association problem. Furthermore, the Lagrangian heuristic was found to solve the developed model within 3% of optimal on many problem instances, and found better solutions to large problems than is possible by directly using CPLEX. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Efficient generation of densely packed convex polyhedra for 3D discrete and finite‐discrete element methods
Authors: Buechler S.R. , Johnson S.M. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYFor granular mechanics studies, efficiently creating a realistic consolidated pack is a challenging task. To achieve this, particle shapes are traditionally restricted to simple shapes (disks, ellipses, spheres, ellipsoids) or constructed from a library, loosely populated, and subsequently settled under gravity. These methods suffer from both a lack of physicality in terms of the particle shapes and impractically long sample preparation times. To address these shortcomings, we introduce a method to generate and pack polyhedra within arbitrary boundaries through a tetrahedral element erosion process. This approach yields tightly packed systems of convex hulls for traditional discrete element calculations and internal tetrahedral meshing of the individual bodies for use in finite‐discrete element or finite element calculations. To demonstrate the method, we present its application to packing sphere‐like and ellipsoid‐like particles for simple and complex bounding volumes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of reduced‐intensity allogeneic stem cell transplantation with imatinib in children with philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yamada Kayo , Yasui Masahiro , Kondo Osamu , Sato Maho , Sawada Akihisa , Kawa Keisei , Inoue Masami 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhiladelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph + ALL) in children is one of the highest‐risk ALL groups. Improved outcome in combination with imatinib has been reported. However, intensive chemotherapy or myeloablative conditioning followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be associated with significant adverse late effects. We report a case series of five children with Ph + ALL underwent reduced‐intensity allogeneic HSCT (RIST) after induction and consolidation in chemotherapy combined with imatinib. Four of the five patients remain first complete remission for a median of 3.1 years after RIST. These results are preliminary, but suggest the feasibility and effectiveness of RIST with imatinib. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:E60–E62. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Timing of Factor VIIa in Liver Transplantation Impacts Cost and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Scheffert Jenna L. , Taber David J. , Pilch Nicole A. , McGillicuddy John W. , Baliga Prabhakar K. , Chavin Kenneth D. 
Published: March 2013

Study ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and economic outcomes associated with the use of recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) in perioperative liver transplantation (LT).DesignRetrospective review.SettingAcademic medical center.PatientsA total of 63 adults who underwent LT between January 2000 and September 2008 and received rFVIIa prior to or during the procedure. Using a propensity‐scoring method, these patients were matched in a 1:2 ratio with 120 controls.Measurements and Main ResultsOf the 473 patients who received any LT during the study period, 63 (13%) received rFVIIa and were matched with propensity score matched controls at a ratio of approximately 1:2. Of those who received rFVIIa, 27 (43%) received preemptive administration and 14 (22%) received intraoperative administration. (The remaining 22 patients received rFVIIa outside of a 12‐hour window of time before or after surgery.) Clinical outcomes were similar between the preemptive and the control groups, although patients in the control group had a shorter length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and incurred fewer expenses. Compared with both the preemptive and the control groups, patients who received rFVIIa intraoperatively required more blood products, longer stays in the ICU, and incurred higher costs. They also had poorer graft survival and decreased overall survival rates at 30 days and 1 year.ConclusionIntraoperative administration of rFVIIa in LT was associated with higher blood product use, lower graft and patient survival rates, longer ICU stays, and higher overall costs compared with preemptive administration. The use of preemptive rFVIIa in select high‐risk LT patients may prevent the development of poor clinical outcomes and may be more cost effective compared with intraoperative administration.
Do healthcare professionals discuss the emotional impact of cancer with patients?
Authors: Bonito Allison , Horowitz Nina , McCorkle Ruth , Chagpar Anees B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that cancer may affect patients' emotions and their relationships with other people and that those with strong emotional support may enjoy improved outcomes. We sought to determine the frequency with which healthcare professionals discuss the impact of cancer on patients' emotions and relationships with others.MethodsData regarding healthcare professionals' discussions of the emotional impact of cancer and relevant covariates were obtained from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Statistical analyses were performed using sudaan software (Research Triangle Institute, Raleigh, NC, USA).ResultsOf the 2074 people with a prior diagnosis of cancer surveyed, 701 (33.8%) claimed that a doctor, nurse, or other healthcare professional had discussed with them ‘how cancer could affect their emotions or relationships with others’. Of these, 586 (84.5%) reported that they were ‘very satisfied’ with how well their emotional and social needs were met; 73.4% of those who had not had this discussion reported being very satisfied. Patients with leukemia/lymphoma, younger patients, African Americans, and those with a lower degree of education were most likely to report having discussions about emotional issues. Gender was not correlated with these discussions (30.6% in men vs. 33.3% in women). On multivariate analysis, age, race, and cancer type remained independent significant predictors of having a discussion regarding the emotional impact of cancer.ConclusionOnly a third of cancer patients discussed the emotional impact of a cancer diagnosis with their healthcare professional. Age, race, and type of malignancy affect the likelihood of having these discussions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combustion Mechanism of Triaminoguanidine Nitrate
Authors: Serushkin Valery V. , Sinditskii Valery P. , Egorshev Viacheslav Yu. , Filatov Sergey A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe combustion behavior of triaminoguanidine nitrate (TAGN) was investigated over a wide pressure range and a detailed combustion mechanism has been proposed. Temperature profiles in the TAGN combustion wave were measured with thin tungsten‐rhenium microthermocouples. It was shown that the surface temperature in combustion of TAGN as well as for other onium salts is controlled by the process of dissociation. The burning rate of TAGN is governed by processes in the condensed phase.
Development and Performance of Boron Carbide‐Based Smoke Compositions
Authors: Shaw Anthony P. , Poret Jay C. , Gilbert Robert A. , Domanico Joseph A. , Black Ernest L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPyrotechnic smoke compositions for visual obscuration containing boron carbide, potassium nitrate, potassium chloride, and various lubricants are described. Only the waxy lubricants stearic acid and calcium stearate slowed the burning rate into a range suitable for end‐burning smoke grenades. For compositions pressed into steel cans, the addition of just 2 wt‐% calcium stearate was shown to reduce the burning rate from 0.50 cm s−1to 0.09 cm s−1. In this system, potassium chloride serves as a diluent that reduces incandesence but also increases slag formation. Compositions containing potassium chloride in the 25–30 wt‐% range exhibited both acceptably low incandescense and slag formation upon burning, while also producing copious amounts of white smoke. These experimental compositions were loaded into full‐size grenade cans; field and smoke chamber testing revealed that they outperform the US Army’s in‐service M83 TA grenade both qualitatively and quantitatively. The photopic mass‐based figures of merit for experimental grenades KCl‐25, KCl‐30, and a production‐run M83 TA grenade were 2.51, 2.19, and 1.44 m2 g−1, respectively.
Modifying Aluminum Reactivity with Poly(Carbon Monofluoride) via Mechanical Activation
Authors: Sippel Travis. R. , Son Steven F. , Groven Lori J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractModification of the reactivity of micrometer‐sized aluminum through inclusion of low levels of poly(carbon monofluoride) (PMF) using mechanical activation (MA) is reported. Resulting composite particle combustion enthalpy, average particle size, and specific surface area depend on MA intensity, duration, and inclusion level, and range from 18.9 to 28.5 kJ g−1, 23.0 to 67.5 μm, and 5.3 to 34.8 m2 g−1, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry experiments in O2/Ar indicate that MA reduces the exotherm onset from 555 to 480 °C (70/30 wt‐%). Particles are sensitive to electrostatic discharge stimulus (11.5–47.5 mJ) but not to impact (>213 cm) or friction (>360 N) and some low energy MA particles are ignitable by optical flash. With their altered reactivity and high combustion enthalpy, these nanofeatured, micrometer‐sized particles may have use as replacements for aluminum in energetic applications.