bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alemtuzumab based reduced intensity transplantation for pediatric severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Ngwube Alexander , Hayashi Robert J. , Murray Lisa , Loechelt Brett , Dalal Jignesh , Jaroscak Jennifer , Shenoy Shalini 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundHematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is curative in patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA). HCT is considered at presentation when a HLA‐matched related donor (MRD) is available and has a high success rate. Unrelated donor (URD) transplants are typically undertaken if immunosuppressive therapy fails. Increased toxicity and graft rejection are often encountered in this setting.ProcedureWe report a prospective multi‐center trial of HCT in 17 children with SAA following novel reduced intensity conditioning with alemtuzumab, fludarabine and melphalan, and the best available donor. Nine were URD transplants matched at 7–8/8 loci, and performed following failure of immune suppression. Median follow up was 61 months (range 6–128).ResultsAll patients engrafted. Estimated 5 year event‐free and overall‐survival was 88% (95%CI 65.7–96.7). Five year overall survival for MRD and URD transplants was 100% and 78% (95%CI 45–93.6) respectively. Median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 14 (range 10–27) and 23.5 (range 11–65) days respectively. Treatment related mortality was 12%. The incidence of grade II–IV and III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease was 29% and 18% respectively. At two years, all but one patient discontinued immunosuppression successfully. Laboratory measures of immune reconstitution normalized at one year and infection rates were low in the latter part of the first year.ConclusionsHCT using this RIC approach was well tolerated and successful in achieving donor engraftment and early immune reconstitution with good quality of life free of immune suppression. Children with SAA can be successfully transplanted using alemtuzumab based conditioning. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1270–1276. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteosarcoma in patients younger than 12 years old without metastases have similar prognosis as adolescent and young adults
Authors: Eleutério Sabrina Jeane Prates , Senerchia Andreza Almeida , Almeida Maria Teresa , Costa Cecilia Maria Da , Lustosa Daniel , Calheiros Luiz Mario , Barreto Jose Henrique Silva , Brunetto Algemir Lunardi , Macedo Carla Renata Pacheco Donato , Petrilli Antonio Sergio 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundChildhood cancer is relatively rare and tends to present specific age distribution, as a prognostic factor for some of these diseases. Information on how young age affects prognosis, response to chemotherapy, and local control options in children versus AYA with osteosarcoma (OST) is minimal.MethodsIn order to identify the main differences in clinicalpathologic features, surgical approaches and survival rates of primary high grade OST of the extremity between children (n = 156; <12 years old) and AYA (n = 397; 12–30 years old), the institutional database with 553 patients treated by BOTG studies over 15 years were reviewed.ResultsThere were no differences in metastasess at diagnosis, tumor size, and grade of necrosis between the two age groups. The rate of amputation was 30% higher in the children group (P = 0.018). The rate of limb salvage surgery using reconstruction with allograft or autograft was 70% higher in the children group (P = 0.018) while endoprosthesis rate was 40% higher in the AYA group (P = 0.018). The log rank test revealed that survival is similar between the two age groups for non‐metastatic patients (P = 0.424 for OS and P = 0.393 for EFS). Metastatic patients of both ages group had higher risk of dying compared to non‐metastatic (HR 3.283 95% CI 2.581–4.177; P < 0.001). Children with metastases at diagnosis had less OS time (P = 0.049) and EFS time (P = 0.032) than adolescents.ConclusionNon‐metastatic OST in preadolescent patients does not appear to be significantly differentfrom those seen in AYA patients, but has local control challenges. Children presenting with metastases should be considered an ultra‐high‐risk group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1209–1213. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safe integration of nelarabine into intensive chemotherapy in newly diagnosed T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group Study AALL0434
Authors: Winter Stuart S. , Dunsmore Kimberly P. , Devidas Meenakshi , Eisenberg Nancy , Asselin Barbara L. , Wood Brent L. , Leonard RN Marcia S. , Murphy John , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Carroll Andrew J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Loh Mignon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Winick Naomi J. , Carroll William L. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundNelarabine has shown impressive single agent clinical activity in T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL), but has been associated with significant neurotoxicities in heavily pre‐treated patients. We showed previously that it was safe to add nelarabine to a BFM‐86 chemotherapy backbone (AALL00P2). Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL0434 is a Phase III study designed to test the safety and efficacy of nelarabine when incorporated into a COG augmented BFM–based regimen, which increases exposure to agents with potential neurotoxicity compared to the historical AALL00P2 regimen.ProcedureAALL0434 included a safety phase to assess nelarabine toxicity. Patients with high‐risk (HR) T‐ALL were randomized to receive Capizzi‐style escalating methotrexate (MTX) plus pegaspargase or high dose (HD) MTX with/without six five‐days courses of nelarabine. We report results from 94 patients who participated in the initial safety phase of the study.ResultsThere were no differences in the incidence of peripheral motor neuropathies, sensory neuropathies or central neurotoxicities among those randomized to the nelarabine (n = 47) and non‐nelarabine arms (n = 47).ConclusionsThe addition of nelarabine to COG‐augmented BFM chemotherapy regimen is safe and feasible. The ongoing AALL0434 Efficacy Phase will determine whether the addition of nelarabine treatment improves outcome for patients with T‐ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1176–1183. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Participation in pediatric oncology research protocols: Racial/ethnic, language and age‐based disparities
Authors: Aristizabal Paula , Singer Jenelle , Cooper Renee , Wells Kristen J. , Nodora Jesse , Milburn Mehrzad , Gahagan Sheila , Schiff Deborah E. , Martinez Maria E. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundSurvival rates in pediatric oncology have improved dramatically, in part due to high patient participation in clinical trials. Although racial/ethnic inequalities in clinical trial participation have been reported in adults, pediatric data and studies comparing participation rates by socio‐demographic characteristics are scarce. The goal of this study was to assess differences in research protocol participation for childhood cancer by age, sex, race/ethnicity, parental language, cancer type, and insurance status.ProcedureData on enrollment in any protocol, biospecimen, or therapeutic protocols were collected and analyzed for newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer from 2008–2012 at Rady Children's Hospital.ResultsAmong the 353 patients included in the analysis, 304 (86.1%) were enrolled in any protocol. Enrollment in biospecimen and therapeutic protocols was 84.2% (261/310) and 81.1% (206/254), respectively. Logistic regression analyzes revealed significant enrollment underrepresentation in any protocol for Hispanics compared to Non‐Hispanic whites (81% vs. 91%; Odds Ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.21–0.90; P = 0.021) and among children of Spanish‐speaking vs. English‐speaking parents (78% vs. 89%; OR, 0.45; 95%CI, 0.23–0.87; P = 0.016). Compared to patients aged 0–4 years, significant underrepresentation was also found among patients 15–21 years old (92% vs.72%; OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.09–0.48; P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed when analyzing enrollment in biospecimen and therapeutic protocols separately.ConclusionsThere was significant underrepresentation in protocol participation for Hispanics, children of Spanish‐speaking parents, and patients ages 15–21. Research is needed to understand barriers to research participation among these groups underrepresented in pediatric oncology clinical trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1337–1344. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on fine motor function
Authors: Hoogendam Yoo Young , Schagen Sanne B. , Ikram M. Arfan , Boogerd Willem , Seynaeve Caroline , Seidler Rachael D. , Breteler Monique M. B. , Van der Geest Jos N. , Koppelmans Vincent 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer has been associated with deterioration of fine motor skill. Which aspects of motor performance are underlying this problem is unclear but important because manual motor deterioration could affect quality of life. The current study aims to investigate late effects of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on fine motor function, using both speed and accuracy measures.MethodWe compared fine motor function of 174 women who had received adjuvant Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate 5‐Fluorouracil chemotherapy for breast cancer on average 20 years ago with that of a population sample of 195 women without a history of cancer. Fine motor function was measured with the Purdue Pegboard Test and the Archimedes spiral test.ResultsThe group of chemotherapy‐exposed breast cancer survivors was slower in drawing an Archimedes spiral than the reference group. Furthermore, in the chemotherapy‐exposed subjects, we found that older age is related to more crossings of the spiral template, more return movements, and more deviations from the template. Such relationships were not observed within the reference group. No significant between‐group differences were found for any of the Purdue Pegboard measures.ConclusionsCompared with a population‐based reference group, Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate 5‐Fluorouracil chemotherapy‐exposed breast cancer survivors demonstrated motor slowing while drawing an Archimedes spiral, on average 20 years after completion of primary treatment. Furthermore, the Archimedes spiral test is a more sensitive measure than the Purdue Pegboard Test to assess fine manual motor performance in long‐term breast cancer survivors following chemotherapy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Switched capacitor charge pump used for low‐distortion imaging in atomic force microscope
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Lian Sheng , Feng Zhi Hua 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe switched capacitor charge pump (SCCP) is an effective method of linearizing charges on piezoelectric actuators and therefore constitute a significant approach to nano‐positioning. In this work, it was for the first time implemented in an atomic force microscope for low‐distortion imaging. Experimental results showed that the image quality was improved evidently under the SCCP drive compared with that under traditional linear voltage drive. SCANNING 37:232–236, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defect prediction as a multiobjective optimization problem
Authors: Canfora Gerardo , Lucia Andrea De , Penta Massimiliano Di , Oliveto Rocco , Panichella Annibale , Panichella Sebastiano 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we formalize the defect‐prediction problem as a multiobjective optimization problem. Specifically, we propose an approach, coined as multiobjective defect predictor (MODEP), based on multiobjective forms of machine learning techniques—logistic regression and decision trees specifically—trained using a genetic algorithm. The multiobjective approach allows software engineers to choose predictors achieving a specific compromise between the number of likely defect‐prone classes or the number of defects that the analysis would likely discover (effectiveness), and lines of code to be analysed/tested (which can be considered as a proxy of the cost of code inspection). Results of an empirical evaluation on 10 datasets from the PROMISE repository indicate the quantitative superiority of MODEP with respect to single‐objective predictors, and with respect to trivial baseline ranking classes by size in ascending or descending order. Also, MODEP outperforms an alternative approach for cross‐project prediction, based on local prediction upon clusters of similar classes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling dynamic stall on wind turbine blades under rotationally augmented flow fields
Authors: Guntur Srinivas , Sørensen Niels N. , Schreck Scott , Bergami Leonardo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents an investigation of two well‐known aerodynamic phenomena, rotational augmentation and dynamic stall, together in the inboard parts of wind turbine blades. This analysis is carried out using the following: (1) the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment Phase VI experimental data, including constant as well as continuously pitching blade conditions during axial operation; (2) data from unsteady delayed detached eddy simulations (DDES) carried out using the Technical University of Denmark's in‐house flow solver Ellipsys3D; and (3) data from a reduced order dynamic stall model that uses rotationally augmented steady‐state polars obtained from steady Phase VI experimental sequences, instead of the traditional two‐dimensional, non‐rotating data. The aim of this work is twofold. First, the blade loads estimated by the DDES simulations are compared with three select cases of the N‐sequence experimental data, which serves as a validation of the DDES method. Results show reasonable agreement between the two data in two out of three cases studied. Second, the dynamic time series of the lift and the moment polars obtained from the experiments are compared with those from the dynamic stall model. This allowed the differences between the stall phenomenon on the inboard parts of harmonically pitching blades on a rotating wind turbine and the classic dynamic stall representation in two‐dimensional flow to be investigated. Results indicated a good qualitative agreement between the model and the experimental data in many cases, which suggests that the current two‐dimensional dynamic stall model as used in blade element momentum‐based aeroelastic codes may provide a reasonably accurate representation of three‐dimensional rotor aerodynamics when used in combination with a robust rotational augmentation model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mussel-inspired surface modification of magnetic@graphite nanosheets composite for efficient Candida rugosa lipase immobilization
Authors: Hou Chen , Zhou Lincheng , Zhu Hao , Wang Xinyu , Hu Niran , Zeng Fang , Wang Liyuan , Yin Hang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
By the facile adhesion way, the novel composite complex by polydopamine (PDA) and magnetic graphite nanosheets (Fe3O4@GNSs) has been successfully synthesized. The resulting composite was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Meanwhile, the PDA functionalized Fe3O4@GNSs (Fe3O4@GNSs-PDA) was applied for Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilization covalently without any toxic coupling agent. Combining the superior physical properties and chemical stability of Fe3O4@GNSs and the well biocompatibility, functional characteristics of PDA, the Fe3O4@GNSs-PDA composite displayed several advantages, including the high enzyme capacity, enzyme activity and stability and a decrease in enzyme loss. Our work demonstrated that the mussel-inspired Fe3O4@GNSs can be extended to many other applications such as biocatalytic, genetic and industrial.
Postmortem distribution of MAB-CHMINACA in body fluids and solid tissues of a human cadaver
Authors: Hasegawa Koutaro , Wurita Amin , Minakata Kayoko , Gonmori Kunio , Nozawa Hideki , Yamagishi Itaru , Watanabe Kanako , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
During the latter part of 2014, we experienced an autopsy case in which 5-fluoro-ADB, one of the most dangerous synthetic cannabinoids, was identified and quantitated in solid tissues and in three herbal blend products [Forensic Toxicol (2015) 33:112–121]. At that time, although we suspected that there may be some drug(s) other than 5-fluoro-ADB in the herbal products, all trials to find it/them were unsuccessful. Subsequently, we carefully re-examined the presence of other synthetic cannabinoid(s) in the above herbal blend products using accurate mass spectrometry and found two new compounds, 5-fluoro-ADB-PINACA and MAB-CHMINACA (Forensic Toxicol. doi: 10.1007/s 11419-015-0264-y). In the present communication, we report the distribution of MAB-CHMINACA in body fluids and solid tissue specimens collected from the same deceased individual (kept frozen at −80 °C) as described above for demonstration of 5-fluoro-ADB. Unexpectedly, unchanged MAB-CHMINACA could be identified and quantitated in whole blood and in pericardial fluid specimens, but it was below the detection limit (0.1 ng/ml) in the urine specimen. A higher concentration of MAB-CHMINACA could be found in all of the nine solid tissues; the highest concentration of MAB-CHMINACA was found in the liver (156 ng/g), followed by the kidney, pancreas and so on. The compounds were detected in all nine solid tissues; their levels were generally higher than those in the whole blood and pericardial fluid. Contrary to expectations, the concentration of MAB-CHMINACA in the adipose tissue was relatively low. Our results show that the victim smoked one of the three herbal blend products containing both MAB-CHMINACA and 5-fluoro-ADB, resulting in the coexistence of both compounds. It should be concluded that 5-fluoro-ADB and MAB-CHMINACA synergically exerted their toxicities, leading to death after a short interval. The differences in the distribution of 5-fluoro-ADB and MAB-CHMINACA among the cadaver specimens were also discussed in view of the structures of both compounds. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate MAB-CHMINACA in biological/human specimens.
Clinical Comparison of Minifragment Plates versus Conventional Semitubular Plates for Fixation of Distal Fibula Fractures
Authors: Gentile John , Taylor Benjamin C. , Chan Raymond , French Bruce 
Published: March 2015

Background Although operative stabilization of unstable distal fibula fractures is frequently performed and discussed, the ideal implant and technique for these injuries is still debated. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to determine if minifragment plating of distal fibula fractures would clinically provide equivalent fixation and cost and minimize hardware prominence when compared with standard one-third tubular plating. Patients and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on 44 patients who had undergone operative stabilization of a displaced fibula fracture. Inclusion required fibula fixation with either a traditional one-third semitubular plate or a 2.7-mm minifragment plate. Retrospective review of the patient demographics, injury and surgical variables, and radiographs was completed by two surgeons not involved with the patients’ original care. Results The minifragment group demonstrated equivalency in maintenance of fracture reduction relative to standard tubular plating. Both groups were able to maintain the talocrural angle with less than 1° of change from initial postoperative to final postoperative radiographs. No significant differences were seen in postoperative hardware irritation between groups. Conclusions Use of a minifragment plating system for displaced fibula fractures appears to be safe but comes with the significant potential added cost of the technology. Interestingly, no significant differences were seen in implant-related irritation or implant removal, but further investigation with a larger study population would help better determine these outcomes.
In Vitro Kinematics of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in the Finger after Progressive Disruption of the Main Supporting Structures
Authors: Caravaggi Paolo , Shamian Benhoor , Uko Linda , Chen Linda , Melamed Eitan , Capo John T. 
Published: March 2015

Background Fractures and dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the fingers are among the most common causes of injury in the hand. Objective assessment of the kinematic alterations occurring when the supporting structures are disrupted is critical to obtain a more accurate indication of joint stability. Methods An in vitro cadaver model of the hand was used to evaluate the kinematics of the PIP joint in the finger during active unrestrained flexion and extension. The kinematics of the PIP joint following progressive disruption of the main supporting structures was measured using an optical tracking system and compared with those in the intact joint. Results Flexion of the intact PIP joint was associated with joint compression, volar displacement, and rotational movements. Release of the main soft-tissue stabilizers and 30 % of volar lip disruption resulted in substantial alteration of several kinematic variables. The normalized maximum dorsal/volar translation was 0.1±1.3 % in the intact group and 14.4± 11.3 % in the injured joint. Conclusions In the intact PIP joint, rotations and translation are strongly coupled to the amount of joint flexion. Gross instability of the PIP joint occurs when disruption of the collateral ligaments and volar plate is accompanied by resection of at least 30 % of volar lip of the middle phalanx. Collateral ligament injuries, volar plate injuries alone, and fractures at the volar base of the middle phalanx that involve less than 30 % of the articular surface are unlikely to result in gross instability and may be managed effectively with nonoperative treatments.
RNAi Targeting Putative Genes in Phosphatidylcholine Turnover Results in Significant Change in Fatty Acid Composition in Crambe abyssinica Seed Oil
Authors: Guan Rui , Li Xueyuan , Hofvander Per , Zhou Xue‐Rong , Wang Danni , Stymne Sten , Zhu Li‐Hua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of three enzymes, LPCAT, PDCT and PDAT, involved in acyl turnover in phosphatidylcholine in order to explore the possibility of further increasing erucic acid (22:1) content in Crambe seed oil. The complete coding sequences of LPCAT1‐1 and LPCAT1‐2 encoding lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT), PDCT1 and PDCT2 encoding phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PDCT), and PDAT encoding phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) were cloned from developing Crambe seeds. The alignment of deduced amino acid sequences displayed a high similarity to the Arabidopsis homologs. Transgenic lines expressing RNA interference (RNAi) targeting either single or double genes showed significant changes in the fatty acid composition of seed oil. An increase in oleic acid (18:1) was observed, to varying degrees, in all of the transgenic lines, and a cumulative effect of increased 18:1 was shown in the LPCAT‐PDCT double‐gene RNAi. However, LPCAT single‐gene RNAi led to a decrease in 22:1 accumulation, while PDCT or PDAT single‐gene RNAi had no obvious effect on the level of 22:1. In agreement with the abovementioned oil phenotypes, the transcript levels of the target genes in these transgenic lines were generally reduced compared to wild‐type levels. In this paper, we discuss the potential to further increase the 22:1 content in Crambe seed oil through downregulation of these genes in combination with fatty acid elongase and desaturases.