bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicability of Ground Penetrating Radar on desert archaeological sites: a case study from the Saqqara necropolis in Egypt
Authors: Welc Fabian , Mieszkowski Radosław , Kowalczyk Sebastian , Trzciński Jerzy 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the preliminary results of ground penetrating radar sounding applied at the desert archaeological site in Saqqara (Egypt). The survey was carried out in 2012 within a project realized by Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw. One of the key aims of the research was testing the application of ground penetrating radar to non-invasive surveys of desert archaeological sites. Radargrams obtained for area of so called the Dry Moat channel surrounding the Step Pyramid complex have shown the geological structure of its filling. It comprises among others debris-sand conglomerate of diluval origin characterized by a significant content of the clay fraction and clay minerals. Such lithological content strongly attenuate the propagation of EM waves, restricting the depth range of the GPR survey. The conducted geophysical prospection west to the Step Pyramid in Saqqara has confirmed the high applicability of the GPR method in non-invasive studies of vast architectural structures, such as the monumental ditch surrounding the Step Pyramid known as the Dry Moat. It should summarised that high horizontal resolution obtained during GPR survey is a result of local geological structure of the searched area, i.e. strong lithological contrast of the sediments filling the Dry Moat, which, depending on their mineralogical composition
A Novel Virtual Motor Rehabilitation System for Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Authors: Forcano-García M. , Muñoz-Tomás M. T. , Manzano-Fernández P. , Solsona-Hernández S. , Mashat M. A. , Gil-Gómez J. A. , Albiol-Pérez S. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “New Methodologies for Patients Rehabilitation”.Objectives: For Guillain-Barré patients, motor rehabilitation programs are helpful at the onset to prevent the complications of paralysis and in cases of persistent motor impairment. Traditional motor rehabilitation programs may be tedious and monotonous, resulting in low adherence to the treatments. A Virtual Motor Rehabilitation system has been tested in Guillain-Barré patients to increase patient adherence and to improve clinical results.Methods: Two people with Guillain-Barré performed 20 rehabilitation sessions. We tested a novel system based on Motor Virtual Rehabilitation in three periods of time (baseline evaluation, final evaluation, and follow-up. In the training program, the participants carried out a specific treatment using the Active Balance Rehabilitation system (ABAR). The system is composed of customizable virtual games to perform static and dynamic balance rehabilitation.Results: Significant improvements in clinical results were obtained by both participants, with significant results in the static balance clinical test of the Anterior Reach test in the standing position and unipedal stance time. Other significant results were found in dynamic balance clinical tests in the Berg Balance Scale test and the 30-second Sit-to-Stand test. With regard to acceptance of the system, both patients enjoyed the experience, and both patients thought that this system was helpful for their rehabilitation.Conclusions: The results show that Virtual Motor Rehabilitation for Guillain-Barré patients provides clinical improvements in an entertaining way.
Simultaneous integrated boost with intensity modulated radiation therapy in brain oligometastases: A feasible technique for developing countries
Authors: Tiwari Vivek , Subodh Pande C. , Verma Kamal , Goel Sandeep 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction: To analyze the pattern of brain metastasis (BM), and to use intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for target dose escalation in cases with ≤3 metastatic lesions (oligometastases). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two consecutive cases of BM treated during September 2009 to August 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The study comprised 13 males (40.62%) and 19 females (59.37%). Thirteen (40%) patients presented with disseminated intracranial metastases, while 19 (60%) had ≤3 foci. In 25 cases (78%), the primary was located either in the breast (14 cases) or lung (11 cases). The 13 patients with disseminated intracranial metastases received whole brain radiation therapy to a dose of 30 Gy/10-12 daily fractions (Group A) while the 19 cases with ≤3 lesions received an additional dose of 6-10 Gy to gross lesions using a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) with IMRT thus receiving a total dose of 36-40 Gy/12-15 fractions (Group B). Overall survival (OS) for the breast primary was 6.3 and lung primary was 5.3 months, respectively. The mean OS for breast cases in Group B was higher (9.5 months) as compared to Group A cases (1.9 months) and was statistically significant (P = 0.0056). Similarly, primary lung cancer cases in Group B showed a mean OS of 8.75 months versus 2.6 months for Group A cases (P = 0.213). Conclusions: IMRT is a safe and effective technique in cases with oligometastases for dose escalation in the form of SIB.
Cancer related fatigue: A ubiquitous problem yet so under reported, under recognized and under treated
Authors: Kapoor Akhil , Singhal Mukesh Kumar , Bagri Puneet Kumar , Naraya Satya , Beniwal Surender , Kumar Harvindra Singh 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background: Cancer related fatigue (CRF) is a problem that is highly under reported, under recognized and thus, under treated. About 80% of patients receiving chemotherapy/radiotherapy experience CRF, making it the most common side effect of cancer treatment. Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue (FACIT-F) version-4 is a 13 item questionnaire that has been used to measure the level of fatigue of cancer patients during their daily activities over the past 7 days. Materials and Methods: 92 patients of age 18 years and above attending the oncology Out Patient Department (OPD) of a regional cancer center were recruited in this study and were given FACIT-F questionnaire. The relevant sociodemographic parameters were obtained from the medical records of the patients. The internal consistency of the 13 items was measured using the Cronbach′s alpha. Results: The Cronbach alpha coefficient for FACIT-F scale in our study was found to be 0.74. Kendall′s coefficient of concordance was estimated to be 0.080. The correlation between Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status and mean score of FACIT-F was studied, Pearson correlation coefficient was estimated to be 0.271 (P = 0.009). Conclusions: FACIT-F is a brief, simple, easy to administer and patient friendly tool to measure the fatigue in last 7 days. CRF should be given adequate attention from the beginning of the treatment to improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
Denominators: An attempt to adjust for cancer incidence and mortality rates and its role in cancer registries
Authors: Kalita Manoj , Nirmolia Tulika 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCancer is an important public health burden in India and around the Globe. Incident cases of cancer are reported continuously, and trends in incidence rates vary among five yearly age group. In India National census is carried out after every 10 years since 1951, the latest census is carried out in 2011. As Incident cases of cancer are reported continuously for 5 year age group and estimation of rates and trends for a given year of interest fall in-between two census period population estimation of five yearly age group, which serves as Denominator sense importance. Denominator serves as the most essential part of any cancer registry program as it used for calculation of various rates for five yearly age group such as age-standardized rate, crude rate, truncated rate, cumulative risk etc., Calculated by different registries and Individual Researchers, Government organizations, etc. Currently most of the registries used individual exponential growth rate and differential distribution method to estimate the growth rate. However, it is found that the calculated rates and risk be suffering from bias most of the time since some method over and underestimate the growth rate while some does not able to maintain consistency. Here, an attempt is made to adjust the world standard population with two census period to estimate the five yearly age group for a given year of interest of a geographical region falls in-between two census period. It is also shown here that how the proposed model "age-adjusted population growth model" maintain the overall growth as in exponential growth model and difference distribution method also maintains the estimated growth rate is as found in difference distribution method. Further, it is tried to highlight the points how these method overcomes the problems compared with other methods that are currently used by registries.
New agents for thromboprotection
Authors: Labberton L. , Kenne E. , Renné T. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBlood coagulation is essential for hemostasis, however excessive coagulation can lead to thrombosis. Factor XII starts the intrinsic coagulation pathway and contact-induced factor XII activation provides the mechanistic basis for the diagnostic aPTT clotting assay. Despite its function for fibrin formation in test tubes, patients and animals lacking factor XII have a completely normal hemostasis. The lack of a bleeding tendency observed in factor XII deficiency states is in sharp contrast to deficiencies of other components of the coagulation cascade and factor XII has been considered to have no function for coagulation in vivo. Recently, experimental animal models showed that factor XII is activated by an inorganic polymer, polyphosphate, which is released from procoagulant platelets and that polyphosphate-driven factor XII activation has an essential role in pathologic thrombus formation. Cumulatively, the data suggest to target polyphosphate, factor XII, or its activated form factor XIIa for anticoagulation. As the factor XII pathway specifically contributes to thrombosis but not to hemostasis, interference with this pathway provides a unique opportunity for safe anticoagulation that is not associated with excess bleeding.The review summarizes current knowledge on factor XII functions, activators and inhibitors.
Clinical Performance of Hybrid Capture 2 Human Papillomavirus Testing for Recurrent High-Grade Cervical/Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasm in Patients With an ASC-US Papanicolaou Test Result During Long-Term Posttherapy Follow-up Monitoring
Authors: De Vivar Andrea Diaz , Dawlett Marilyn , Wang Jian-Ping , Jack Annie , Gong Yun , Staerkel Gregg , Guo Ming 
Published: January 2015

Context
Women who have been treated for high-grade cervical or vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN or VAIN) or invasive carcinoma are at risk for recurrent/persistent disease and require long-term monitoring. The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in this setting is unclear.

Objective
To evaluate the clinical performance of the Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV test for recurrent/residual high-grade CIN or VAIN in patients with a posttherapy abnormal squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) Papanicolaou test result.

Design
We reviewed the follow-up data on 100 patients who had an ASC-US Papanicolaou test and HC2 HPV results after treatment for high-grade CIN/VAIN or carcinoma. Human papillomavirus genotyping was performed for women with a negative HC2 result whose follow-up biopsy revealed CIN/VAIN 2+.

Results
The patients' mean age was 47 years. The HC2 test result was positive in 33% of the patients. Follow-up biopsy was available for 17 of these patients (52%) and for 25 of the 67 patients (37%) with a negative HC2 result. A total of 5 of the patients (29%) with a positive HC2 result and 2 of the patients (8%) with a negative HC2 result had CIN/VAIN 3 on follow-up biopsy, a statistically insignificant difference (P = .10). Human papillomavirus 16/18 genotypes were detected in the CIN/VAIN 2+ lesions of 5 patients with a negative HC2 result.

Conclusion
HC2 yielded a false-negative rate of 8% for CIN 3. HC2 testing therefore may not be sufficient for triage of patients with an ASC-US Papanicolaou test result. Patients with ASC-US during long-term posttherapy follow-up need close monitoring, with colposcopic evaluation if clinically indicated.
The Empire of Value
Authors: Orléan André 
Published: January 2015

An argument that conceiving of economic value as a social force makes it possible to develop a new and more powerful theory of market behavior.
With the advent of the 2007–2008 financial crisis, the economics profession itself entered into a crisis of legitimacy from which it has yet to emerge. Despite the obviousness of their failures, however, economists continue to rely on the same methods and to proceed from the same underlying assumptions. André Orléan challenges the neoclassical paradigm in this book, with a new way of thinking about perhaps its most fundamental concept, economic value.
Orléan argues that value is not bound up with labor, or utility, or any other property that preexists market exchange. Economic value, he contends, is a social force whose vast sphere of influence, amounting to a kind of empire, extends to every aspect of economic life. Markets are based on the identification of value with money, and exchange value can only be regarded as a social institution. Financial markets, for example, instead of defining an extrinsic, objective value for securities, act as a mechanism for arriving at a reference price that will be accepted by all investors. What economists must therefore study, Orléan urges, is the hold that value has over individuals and how it shapes their perceptions and behavior.
Awarded the prestigious Prix Paul Ricoeur on its original publication in France in 2011, The Empire of Value has been substantially revised and enlarged for this edition, with an entirely new section discussing the financial crisis of 2007–2008.
A 2‐Week Elective Experience Provides Comparable Training as Longitudinal Exposure During Residency for Pelvic Sonography
Authors: Jang Timothy B. , Kaji Amy H. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of first‐trimester pelvic sonography done by physicians after a 2‐week emergency ultrasound elective to similarly numbered examinations done by physicians longitudinally over several years of residency training.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of a previously reported prospective study of pelvic sonography for symptomatic first‐trimester pregnancy. The 21st through 40th examinations were compared between those who completed an emergency ultrasound elective and those who did not. The reference standard was pelvic sonography done by the department of radiology.ResultsEighty‐six examinations (34%) were done by 12 operators who did not participate in an emergency ultrasound elective, and 171 examinations (67%) were done by 13 operators who completed an emergency ultrasound elective. There was no statistical difference between the groups with regard to identifying an intrauterine pregnancy, molar pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, or adnexal mass.ConclusionsThe accuracy of pelvic sonography for first‐trimester pregnancy was comparable between physicians who participated in a 2‐week emergency ultrasound elective and those who performed the same number of examinations over a longer period during residency training.
Classification of Breast Tumors Using Sonographic Texture Analysis
Authors: Ardakani Ali Abbasian , Gharbali Akbar , Mohammadi Afshin 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a computer‐aided diagnostic system with texture analysis to improve radiologists' accuracy in identification of breast tumors as malignant or benign.MethodsThe database included 20 benign and 12 malignant tumors. We extracted 300 statistical texture features as descriptors for each selected region of interest in 3 normalization schemes (default, μ − 3σ, and μ + 3σ, where μ and σ were the mean value and standard deviation, respectively, of the gray‐level intensity and 1%–99%). Then features determined by the Fisher coefficient and the lowest probability of classification error + average correlation coefficient yielded the 10 best and most effective features. We analyzed these features under 2 standardization states (standard and nonstandard). For texture analysis of the breast tumors, we applied principle component, linear discriminant, and nonlinear discriminant analyses. First–nearest neighbor classification was performed for the features resulting from the principle component and linear discriminant analyses. Nonlinear discriminant analysis features were classified by an artificial neural network. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used for examining the performance of the texture analysis methods.ResultsStandard feature parameters extracted by the Fisher coefficient under the default and 3σ normalization schemes via nonlinear discriminant analysis showed high perform‐ancefor discrimination between benign and malignant tumors, with sensitivity of 94.28%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 97.80%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.9714.ConclusionsTexture analysis is a reliable method and has the potential to be used effectively for classification of benign and malignant tumors on breast sonography.
Can Renal Sonography Be a Reliable Diagnostic Tool in the Assessment of Chronic Kidney Disease?
Authors: Lucisano Gaetano , Comi Nicolino , Pelagi Elena , Cianfrone Paola , Fuiano Laura , Fuiano Giorgio 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesKidney size has been found to be correlated with anthropometric features and kidney function. Therefore, we postulate that if the conventionally measured renal sonographic parameters (pole‐to‐pole length, width, and parenchymal thickness) are taken according to standardized rules and corrected for body height, their association with kidney function could be strengthened, thus helping validate renal sonographic information for a better assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) status.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 72 stable adult patients with stage 1 to 4 CKD. Sonographic parameters were obtained from both kidneys and averaged, and the measurements obtained were further corrected for patients' body height. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.ResultsParenchymal thickness and renal length showed the highest correlation level with the GFR. This significant correlation, however, was greatly ameliorated by the correction for patients' body height (r = 0.537; P < .001; r = 0.510; P < .001, respectively). Of note, the product of these two parameters corrected for body height showed the best degree of correlation with the GFR (r = 0.560; P < .001), as confirmed by analysis of variance after subdivision of the population into CKD stage groups according to the GFR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for discrimination of a GFR of less than 60 mL/min indentified the combined parameter as the one with the highest area under the curve (0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.89), followed renal length corrected for height (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.88).ConclusionsCorrection of renal sonographic parameters for body height strengthens the degree of the correlation of renal sonography with the GFR. The improved correlation with the GFR makes renal sonography a reliable tool for a more complete assessment of patients with CKD.
New geophysical constraints on a failed subduction initiation: The structure and potential evolution of the Gagua Ridge and Huatung Basin
Authors: Eakin Daniel H. , McIntosh Kirk D. , Van Avendonk H. J. A. , Lavier Luc 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe modeled the velocity structure of the Huatung Basin and Gagua Ridge using offshore wide‐angle seismic data along four ∼E‐W transects. These transects are accompanied by several multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) profiles that highlight the shallow deformation in this area east of Taiwan. Although it is agreed that the Gagua Ridge was the product of a transient compressional episode in the past, relatively few data have been collected that reveal the deeper structure resulting from this enigmatic process. The velocity models show evidence for normal, to thin, oceanic crustal thicknesses in the Huatung Basin and West Philippine Basin. Moho reflections from the associated MCS profiles confirm the thickness observed in the velocity models. The velocity models indicate significant crustal thickening associated with the Gagua Ridge, to 12–18 km along its entire length. Most importantly, the two central velocity models also show a significant asymmetry in the crustal thickening, suggesting a westward underthrusting of >20 km of WPB oceanic crust beneath that of the Huatung Basin. This geometry is extremely unexpected given interpretations that indicate the Huatung Basin could be significantly older than the West Philippine Basin (Early Cretaceous versus Eocene). Our observations, along with recent geophysical data concerning the age of the Huatung Basin, indicate that the Gagua Ridge was the result of a failed subduction event during the Miocene that may have existed simultaneously and for a short time, competed with the Manila subduction zone to the west in accommodating convergence between the Eurasia and Philippine Sea plates. In this scenario, the present‐day Gagua Ridge represents a snapshot of a failed subduction initiation preserved in the geologic record.
Cross‐polarization geophysical model function for C‐band radar backscattering from the ocean surface and wind speed retrieval
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Stoffelen Ad , van Zadelhoff Gerd‐Jan , Perrie William , Zhang Biao , Li Haiyan , Shen Hui 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe wind speed sensitivity of cross‐polarization (cross‐pol) radar backscattering cross section (VH) from the ocean surface increases toward high winds. The signal saturation problem of VH, if it exists, occurs at a much higher wind speed compared to the copolarization (copol: VV or HH) sea returns. These properties make VH a better choice over VV or HH for monitoring severe weather. Combined with high spatial resolution of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR), the development of hurricane wind retrieval using VH is advancing rapidly. This paper describes a cross‐pol C‐band radar backscattering geophysical model function (GMF) with incidence angle dependence for the full wind speed range in the available data sets (up to 56 m/s). The GMF is derived from RADARSAT‐2 (R2) dual‐polarization (dual‐pol) ScanSAR modes with 300 and 500 km swaths. The proposed GMF is compared to other published algorithms. The result shows that the simulated VH cross section and the retrieved wind speed with the proposed GMF is in better agreement with measurements. With careful treatment of noise, the VH‐retrieved wind speeds may extend to mild or moderate conditions. The higher fraction of non‐Bragg contribution in VH can be exploited for analysis of surface wave breaking.