bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Built environment and physical activity in New Zealand adolescents: a protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hinckson Erica A , Duncan Scott , Oliver Melody , Mavoa Suzanne , Cerin Ester , Badland Hannah , Stewart Tom , Ivory Vivienne , McPhee Julia , Schofield Grant 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionBuilt-environment interventions have the potential to provide population-wide effects and the means for a sustained effect on behaviour change. Population-wide effects for adult physical activity have been shown with selected built environment attributes; however, the association between the built environment and adolescent health behaviours is less clear. This New Zealand study is part of an international project across 10 countries (International Physical Activity and the Environment Network–adolescents) that aims to characterise the links between built environment and adolescent health outcomes.Methods and analysesAn observational, cross-sectional study of the associations between measures of the built environment with physical activity, sedentary behaviour, body size and social connectedness in 1600 New Zealand adolescents aged 12–18 years will be conducted in 2013–2014. Walkability and neighbourhood destination accessibility indices will be objectively measured using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Physical activity and sedentary behaviours will be objectively measured using accelerometers over seven consecutive days. Body mass index will be calculated as weight divided by squared height. Demographics, socioeconomic status, active commuting behaviours and perceived neighbourhood walkability will be assessed using the Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth and psychosocial indicators. A web-based computer-assisted personal interview tool Visualisation and Evaluation of Route Itineraries, Travel Destinations, and Activity Spaces (VERITAS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers will be used in a subsample of 300 participants. A qualitative research component will explore barriers and facilitators for physical activity in adolescents with respect to the built and social environment in a subsample of 80 participants.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approval from the Auckland University of Technology Ethics Committee (12/161). Data will be entered and stored into a secure (password protected) database. Only the named researchers will have access to the data. Data will be stored for 10 years and permanently destroyed thereafter. The results papers will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
The effect of delay in fixation on HER2 expression in invasive carcinoma of the breast assessed with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation
Authors: Lee Andrew H S , Key Heather P , Bell Jane A , Kumah Patrick , Hodi Zsolt , Ellis Ian O 
Published: April 2014

AimsAccurate assessment of HER2 status is essential for selection of patients for HER2-targeted treatment such as trastuzumab. This study investigated the hypothesis that delayed fixation impairs HER2 assessment.Methods9 carcinomas were received fresh, and samples were fixed immediately or put in fixative at time intervals up to 24 h. All carcinomas were scored as 3+ with immunohistochemistry in properly fixed tissue.Results2 of 9 carcinomas (95% CIs 6% to 56%) showed reduced immunohistochemical staining with delays in fixation of 1 and 8 h. One carcinoma showed low-level amplification with fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) when properly fixed and was not amplified after delayed fixation. The other carcinomas were amplified at all time points.ConclusionsDelayed fixation impaired HER2 protein expression assessed using immunohistochemistry in 22% of 3+ carcinomas. HER2 amplification assessed using FISH may be less affected.
Incidence and mechanisms of stroke after permanent carotid artery occlusion following temporary occlusion testing
Authors: Whisenant Justin T , Kadkhodayan Yasha , Cross DeWitte T , Moran Christopher J , Derdeyn Colin P 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposePatients who require sacrifice of the internal carotid artery (ICA) have a substantial risk of stroke, despite preoperative testing with temporary balloon occlusion (TBO). The purpose of this study is to examine the incidence and mechanisms of stroke after permanent carotid artery occlusion in this population.MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing TBO testing from March 2002 to December 2011 were identified. The protocol included 30 min of balloon occlusion, continuous intraprocedural neurological assessment, angiographic imaging of collateral flow during the occlusion, and perfusion imaging. Clinical records were reviewed for procedure results, procedural complications, and the incidence and causes of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) and death over 6 months. Strokes were categorized as thromboembolic or hypoperfusion based on available clinical and imaging data.ResultsOne hundred and fifty carotid occlusion tests were performed during the study period, including 84 women and 66 men. No procedural strokes were recorded. Thirty-seven patients (25%) had permanent occlusion of the tested ICA. Six of the 37 patients had ipsilateral stroke (16.2%) and three experienced TIA (8.1%). Two strokes occurred in the immediate postoperative period (thromboembolic), two strokes occurred within days of ICA occlusion (hypoperfusion), and two strokes occurred at least 30 days from the time of ICA occlusion (thromboembolic).ConclusionsThe rate of ischemic stroke following carotid sacrifice remains high and most strokes are thromboembolic in nature. Our testing protocol did not eliminate the risk of hypoperfusion-related stroke. Delayed venous phase by angiography may be a better indicator of hemodynamic tolerance than perfusion imaging.
A Small Molecule That Binds and Inhibits the ETV1 Transcription Factor Oncoprotein
Authors: Pop Marius S. , Stransky Nicolas , Garvie Colin W. , Theurillat Jean-Philippe , Hartman Emily C. , Lewis Timothy A. , Zhong Cheng , Culyba Elizabeth K. , Lin Fallon , Daniels Douglas S. , Pagliarini Raymond , Ronco Lucienne , Koehler Angela N. , Garraway Levi A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Members of the ETS transcription factor family have been implicated in several cancers, where they are often dysregulated by genomic derangement. ETS variant 1 (ETV1) is an ETS factor gene that undergoes chromosomal translocation in prostate cancers and Ewing sarcomas, amplification in melanomas, and lineage dysregulation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Pharmacologic perturbation of ETV1 would be appealing in these cancers; however, oncogenic transcription factors are often deemed “undruggable” by conventional methods. Here, we used small-molecule microarray screens to identify and characterize drug-like compounds that modulate the biologic function of ETV1. We identified the 1,3,5-triazine small molecule BRD32048 as a top candidate ETV1 perturbagen. BRD32048 binds ETV1 directly, modulating both ETV1-mediated transcriptional activity and invasion of ETV1-driven cancer cells. Moreover, BRD32048 inhibits p300-dependent acetylation of ETV1, thereby promoting its degradation. These results point to a new avenue for pharmacologic ETV1 inhibition and may inform a general means to discover small molecule perturbagens of transcription factor oncoproteins. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(6); 1492–502. ©2014 AACR.
Heparin Monotherapy or Bivalirudin During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With Non–ST-Segment–Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes or Stable Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Bangalore Sripal , Pencina Michael J. , Kleiman Neal S. , Cohen David J. 
Published: April 2014

Background—
The use of bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin monotherapy in patients without ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction is not well defined.

Methods and Results—

The study population consisted of patients enrolled in the Evaluation of Drug-Eluting Stents and Ischemic Events (EVENT) registry with either non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes or stable ischemic heart disease, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention with either unfractionated heparin or bivalirudin monotherapy. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for baseline characteristics. The primary bleeding (in-hospital composite bleeding—access site bleeding, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major/minor bleeding, or transfusion) and primary (in-hospital death/myocardial infarction) and secondary ischemic outcomes (death/myocardial infarction/unplanned repeat revascularization at 12 months) were evaluated. Propensity score matching yielded 1036 patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes and 2062 patients with stable ischemic heart disease. For the non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndrome cohort, bivalirudin use was associated with lower bleeding (difference, −3.3% [−0.8% to −5.8%];
P
=0.01; number need to treat=30) without increase in either primary (difference, 1.2% [4.1% to −1.8%];
P
=0.45) or secondary ischemic outcomes, including stent thrombosis (difference, 0.0% [1.3% to −1.3%];
P
=1.00). Similarly, in the stable ischemic heart disease cohort, bivalirudin use was associated with lower bleeding (difference, −1.8% [−0.4% to −3.3%];
P
=0.01; number need to treat=53) without increase in either primary (difference, 0.4% [2.3% to −1.5%];
P
=0.70) or secondary ischemic outcomes, including stent thrombosis (difference, 0.0% [0.7% to −0.7%];
P
=1.00) when compared with unfractionated heparin monotherapy.

Conclusions—
Among patients with non–ST-segment–elevation acute coronary syndromes or stable ischemic heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, bivalirudin use during percutaneous coronary intervention when compared with unfractionated heparin monotherapy was associated with lower bleeding without significant increase in ischemic outcomes or stent thrombosis.
Sex-Related Differences of Acute Stroke Unit Care
Authors: Gattringer Thomas , Ferrari Julia , Knoflach Michael , Seyfang Leonhard , Horner Susanna , Niederkorn Kurt , Culea Valeriu , Beitzke Markus , Lang Wilfried , Enzinger Christian , Fazekas Franz 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
Sex-related differences in quality of acute stroke care are an important concern with limited data available, specifically regarding stroke unit (SU) setting. We used the prospective nationwide Austrian SU registry to address this issue.

Methods—
Our analysis covered an 8-year time period (January 2005 to December 2012) during which all patients with transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke admitted to 1 of 35 Austrian SU had been captured in the registry. These data were analyzed for age-adjusted preclinical and clinical characteristics and quality of acute stroke care in men and women. In addition, we assessed the outcome at 3 months in multivariate analysis.

Results—
A total of 47 209 individuals (47% women) had received SU care. Women were significantly older (median age: 77.9 versus 70.3 years), had higher pre-existing disability and more severe strokes. Correcting for age, no significant sex-related differences in quality of care were identified with comparable onset-to-door times, times to and rates of neuroimaging, as well as door-to-needle times and rates of intravenous thrombolysis (14.5% for both sexes). Despite equal acute stroke care and a comparable rate of neurorehabilitation, women had a worse functional outcome at 3-month follow-up (modified Rankin scale 3–5: odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [1.17–1.36]), but a lower mortality (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [0.78–0.88]) after correcting for confounders.

Conclusions—
We identified no disproportions in quality of care in the acute SU setting between men and women, but the outcome was significantly different. Further studies on the poststroke period including socioeconomic aspects are needed to clarify this finding.
Assessing the Performance of the Framingham Stroke Risk Score in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Cohort
Authors: McClure Leslie A. , Kleindorfer Dawn O. , Kissela Brett M. , Cushman Mary , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Howard George 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
The most well-known stroke risk score is the Framingham Stroke Risk Score (FSRS), which was developed during the higher stroke risk period of the 1990s and has not been validated for blacks. We assessed the performance of the FSRS among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study to determine whether it is useful in both blacks and whites.

Methods—
Expected annualized stroke rates from the FSRS were compared with observed stroke rates overall and within strata defined by FSRS risk factors (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, use of antihypertensive medications, diabetes mellitus, smoking, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy, and prevalent coronary heart disease).

Results—
Among 27 748 participants stroke-free at baseline, 715 stroke events occurred over 5.6 years of follow-up. FSRS-estimated incidence rates of stroke were 1.6× higher than observed for black men, 1.9× higher for white men, 1.7× higher for black women, and 1.7× higher for white women. This overestimation was consistent among most subgroups of FSRS factors, although the magnitude of overestimation varied by the risk factor assessed.

Conclusions—
Although higher FSRS was associated with higher stroke risk, the FSRS overestimated the observed stroke rates in this study, particularly in certain subgroups. This may be because of temporal declines in stroke rates, secular trends in prevention treatments, or differences in populations studied. More accurate estimates of event rates are critical for planning research, including clinical trials, and targeting health-care efforts.
The Decimal Effect: Behavioral and Neural Bases for a Novel Influence on Intertemporal Choice in Healthy Individuals and in ADHD
Authors: Fassbender Catherine , Houde Sebastien , Silver-Balbus Shayla , Ballard Kacey , Kim Bokyung , Rutledge Kyle J. , Dixon J. Faye , Iosif Ana-Maria , Schweitzer Julie B. , McClure Samuel M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe identify a novel contextual variable that alters the evaluation of delayed rewards in healthy participants and those diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). When intertemporal choices are constructed of monetary outcomes with rounded values (e.g., $25.00), discount rates are greater than when the rewards have nonzero decimal values (e.g., $25.12). This finding is well explained within a dual system framework for temporal discounting in which preferences are constructed from separate affective and deliberative processes. Specifically, we find that round dollar values produce greater positive affect than do nonzero decimal values. This suggests that relative involvement of affective processes may underlie our observed difference in intertemporal preferences. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intertemporal choices with rounded values recruit greater brain responses in the nucleus accumbens to a degree that correlates with the size of the behavioral effect across participants. Our demonstration that a simple contextual manipulation can alter self-control in ADHD has implications for treatment of individuals with disorders of impulsivity. Overall, the decimal effect highlights mechanisms by which the properties of a reward bias perceived value and consequent preferences.
Grasping Execution and Grasping Observation Activity of Single Neurons in the Macaque Anterior Intraparietal Area
Authors: Pani Pierpaolo , Theys Tom , Romero Maria C. , Janssen Peter 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Primates use vision to guide their actions in everyday life. Visually guided object grasping is known to rely on a network of cortical areas located in the parietal and premotor cortex. We recorded in the anterior intraparietal area (AIP), an area in the dorsal visual stream that is critical for object grasping and densely connected with the premotor cortex, while monkeys were grasping objects under visual guidance and during passive fixation of videos of grasping actions from the first-person perspective. All AIP neurons in this study responded during grasping execution in the light, that is, became more active after the hand had started to move toward the object and during grasping in the dark. More than half of these AIP neurons responded during the observation of a video of the same grasping actions on a display. Furthermore, these AIP neurons responded as strongly during passive fixation of movements of a hand on a scrambled background and to a lesser extent to a shape appearing within the visual field near the object. Therefore, AIP neurons responding during grasping execution also respond during passive observation of grasping actions and most of them even during passive observation of movements of a simple shape in the visual field.
RETRACTED: Electrophysiological Evidence for Failures of Item Individuation in Crowded Visual Displays
Authors: Anderson David E. , Ester Edward F. , Klee Daniel , Vogel Edward K. , Awh Edward 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
By the request of the authors, the following two research articles will be retracted from the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience:
1. Anderson, D. E., Ester, E. F., Klee, D., Vogel, E. K., & Awh, E. (2014). Electrophysiological evidence for failures of item individuation in crowded visual displays. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 26(10), 2298– 2309. https://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00649.
2. Anderson, D. E., Bell, T. A., & Awh, E. (2012). Polymorphisms in the 5-HTTLPR gene mediate storage capacity of visual working memory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(5), 1069–1076. https://dx.doi. org/10.1162/jocn_a_00207.
On August 1, 2015, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) announced a settlement agreement with David E. Anderson, the Respondent (http://ori.hhs.gov/content/ case-summary-anderson-david). On the basis of the Respondent’s admission and an analysis by the University of Oregon, ORI concluded that the Respondent had engaged in research misconduct by falsifying and/or fabricating data in four publications. Those publications were retracted immediately after the release of the ORI findings.
Since that time, additional problems have been discovered with Article 1 above. Data points shown in Figure 8 were removed without justification and in contradiction to the analytic approach described in the methods and results. In light of this discovery and of the previous ORI findings, authors Bell and Awh no longer have confidence in the integrity of the data in Article 2. For these reasons, all authors on both articles (including the Respondent) have agreed to the retraction of Articles 1 and 2 above.
Spontaneous Neural Fluctuations Predict Decisions to Attend
Authors: Bengson Jesse J. , Kelley Todd A. , Zhang Xiaoke , Wang Jane-Ling , Mangun George R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Ongoing variability in neural signaling is an intrinsic property of the brain. Often this variability is considered to be noise and ignored. However, an alternative view is that this variability is fundamental to perception and cognition and may be particularly important in decision-making. Here, we show that a momentary measure of occipital alpha-band power (8–13 Hz) predicts choices about where human participants will focus spatial attention on a trial-by-trial basis. This finding provides evidence for a mechanistic account of decision-making by demonstrating that ongoing neural activity biases voluntary decisions about where to attend within a given moment.
Male courtship displays and vocal communication in the polygynous bat Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Knörnschild Mirjam , Feifel Marion , Kalko Elisabeth K.V. 
Published: April 2014

Male courtship behaviour towards choosy females often comprises elaborate displays that address multiple sensory channels. In bats, detailed quantitative descriptions of multimodal courtship displays are still fairly scarce, despite the taxon’s speciose nature. We studied male courtship behaviour in a polygynous Neotropical bat, Seba’s short-tailed fruit bat Carollia perspicillata, by monitoring harem males in a captive colony. Courting male C. perspicillata performed stereotypic tactile, visual and acoustic displays. A courtship sequence, directed at one female at a time, lasted up to 120 s. During courtship, males approached females by brachiating or flying, hovered in front of them, pursued them on the wing, sniffed them and repeatedly poked the females with one or both folded wings; the latter behaviour was the most conspicuous male courtship display. Immediately before copulation, males wrapped their wings around the females and bit their necks. As acoustic display, courting male C. perspicillata produced highly variable, monosyllabic courtship trills. The species’ vocal repertoire consisted of ten different social vocalisation types, three for benign interactions (courtship trills, wobbles, isolation calls), four for aggressive encounters (aggressive trills, down-sweeps, warbles, distress calls) and the remaining three for unknown behavioural contexts (V-shaped calls, flat down-sweeps, hooks). Courtship trills and aggressive trills were exclusively produced by males. We measured 245 courtship trills of five males and found statistical evidence for a strong individual signature which has the potential to facilitate female choice, mate recognition or neighbour–stranger recognition among male competitors.
A taxonomic review of the wolf spider genus Agalenocosa Mello-Leitão (Araneae, Lycosidae)
Authors: PIACENTINI LUIS N. 
Published: April 2014

The lycosid genus Agalenocosa Mello-Leitão, 1944 comprises at least eight species from northern and eastern Argentina and neighbouring countries: Agalenocosa velox (Keyserling, 1891) comb. nov. (from southern Brazil and Argentina), transferred here from Pirata Sundevall, 1833, A. tricuspidata (Tullgren, 1905) comb. nov. (from northwestern Argentina), transferred here from Pardosa C.L. Koch, 1847, A. luteonigra (Mello-Leitão, 1945) (from Argentina and Uruguay), A. punctata Mello-Leitão, 1944 (from Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, Argentina), A. gentilis Mello-Leitão, 1944 (from Buenos Aires, Argentina), and three new species: A. pirity sp. nov., A. gamas sp. nov. (from eastern Argentina), and A. grismadoi sp. nov. (from eastern Argentina and Paraguay). Agalenocosa singularis Mello-Leitão (type species of the genus) is considered a junior synonym of A. velox. Agalenocosa fimbriata Mello-Leitão, 1944 is considered species inquirenda; Agalenocosa bryantae (Roewer, 1951), A. chacoensis (Mello-Leitão, 1942), A. denisi (Caporiacco, 1947), A. kolbei (Dahl, 1908), A. melanotaenia (Mello-Leitão, 1941), A. pickeli (Mello-Leitão, 1937), A. yaucensis (Petrunkevitch, 1929), A. fallax (L. Koch, 1877), A. helvola (C. L. Koch, 1847), A. subinermis (Simon, 1897) are considered misplaced species. The subfamily placement of Agalenocosa is briefly discussed, and it could be placed in either Piratinae Zyuzin, 1993 or Venoniinae Lehtinen & Hippa, 1979.