bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability of cutaneous and nasal population levels between patients colonized and infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria in two Brazilian intensive care units
Authors: Damaceno Quésia , Nicoli Jacques R , Oliveira Adriana 
Published: January 2015

Objective: To compare cutaneous and nasal population levels between patients colonized and infected by multidrug-resistant organisms in two intensive care units. Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed in adult intensive care units of two hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (April 2012 to February 2013). Clinical and demographic data were first collected by reviewing patients’ charts. Then, samples collected with nasal, groin, and perineum swabs were cultivated in selective media for 48 h at 37°C. After isolation, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility and biochemical identification were performed. Results: A total of 53 cases of colonization were observed by the following bacteria in decreasing frequencies: imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (50.9%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (43.4%), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.7%), imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32.1%), oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7.5%), and imipenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (5.7%). Among these colonization cases, 26 (49.0%) were followed by infection with bacteria phenotypically similar to those of the colonization. A relation between high population levels of colonization by most of the multidrug-resistant organisms at anatomical sites and a subsequent infection was observed. After colonization/infection, bacterial population levels decreased progressively and spontaneously until disappearance by day 45 in all the anatomical sites and for all the multidrug-resistant organisms. Conclusion: There was a correlation between high population levels of colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms at anatomical sites and a subsequent infection. Reduction in multidrug-resistant organism populations after colonization at anatomical sites could be a preventive measure to reduce evolution to infection as well as transmission of these bacteria between patients in intensive care unit.
Efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of screening colonoscopy according to the adenoma detection rate
Authors: Hassan Cesare , Rex Douglas K , Zullo Angelo , Kaminski Michal F 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe adenoma detection rate of the endoscopist has been related to the post‐colonoscopy interval risk of colorectal cancer.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to estimate the impact of adenoma detection rate on the long‐term colorectal cancer prevention rate.MethodsA Markov model was constructed to simulate the efficacy and cost of colonoscopy screening according to the adenoma detection rate of the endoscopist in 100,000 individuals. Post‐colonoscopy interval colorectal cancer risk and the relative risk of interval cancer among endoscopists with different adenoma detection rates were extracted from the literature. A 1.5 relative risk was assumed between endoscopists with low and average adenoma detection rates, and a relative risk of 11 between those with average and high adenoma detection rates. Both efficacy and costs were projected over a steady‐state American population.ResultsScreening colonoscopy performed by endoscopists with low adenoma detection rates resulted in a 7% absolute reduction in the long‐term colorectal cancer incidence prevention rate as compared to the same procedure performed by those with an average adenoma detection rate (70% vs. 77%). This difference increased to 21% when comparing endoscopists with an average with those with a high adenoma detection rate. When projected on the US population, this reduced efficacy resulted in an additional 1728 and 16,123 colorectal cancer cases and the loss of $117 million and $906 million per year in the two scenarios, respectively. These estimates were sensitive to the risk of post‐colonoscopy interval colorectal cancer.ConclusionsA substantial reduction in long‐term colorectal cancer prevention rate may be expected when screening colonoscopy is performed by endoscopists with a suboptimal adenoma detection rate. A substantial saving may be expected when implementing policies to improve endoscopist adenoma detection rate.
Monads for framed sheaves on Hirzebruch surfaces
Authors: Bartocci Claudio , Rava Claudio L. S. , Bruzzo Ugo 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
We define monads for framed torsion-free sheaves on Hirzebruch surfaces and use them to construct moduli spaces for these objects. These moduli spaces are smooth algebraic varieties, and we show that they are fine by constructing a universal monad.
Geodesic vectors and subalgebras in two-step nilpotent metric Lie algebras
Authors: Nagy Péter T. , Homolya Szilvia 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A metric Lie algebra is a Lie algebra endowed with a Euclidean inner product. A subalgebra is called flat, respectively totally geodesic, if its exponential image in the corresponding Lie group with left invariant Riemannian metric is flat, respectively a totally geodesic submanifold. A non-zero vector is geodesic, if the generated one-dimensional subspace is totally geodesic. We study geodesic vectors and flat totally geodesic subalgebras in two-step nilpotent metric Lie algebras and show that their linear structure is independent of the inner product of the metric Lie algebra. We determine the geodesic vectors and the flat totally geodesic subalgebras in the two-step nilpotent metric Lie algebras of dimension ≤ 6.
Komplexe Modellsysteme in der automatisierten Beatmung
Authors: Kretschmer Jörn , Schranz Christoph , Riedlinger Axel , Möller Knut 
Published: January 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die künstliche Beatmung stellt eine etablierte Therapie in der Intensivmedizin dar. Trotz der routinemäßigen Anwendung kann es bei
schwerkranken Patienten zu Komplikationen kommen. Die modellbasierte Entscheidungsunterstützung erlaubt eine Verbesserung der Therapie,
indem an den Patienten angepasste Modelle für Prädiktionen genutzt und damit Therapieeinstellungen individuell optimiert werden. Die
eingesetzten Modelle sollten dabei an den Krankheitszustand des Patienten, an die vorliegenden Daten sowie an die aktuelle klinische
Fragestellung anpassbar sein und neben der Atemmechanik ebenfalls die wichtigen Bereiche Gasaustausch und Hämodynamik umfassen. Die
gezeigten hierarchisch geordneten Modellfamilien erlauben eine flexible Anpassung an die aktuelle klinische Situation, eine robuste
Identifikation der Modellparameter sowie eine umfassende Abbildung des Patienten.
CVD Diamond Coating on Al-Interlayered FeCoNi Alloy Substrate: An Interfacial Study
Authors: Li Y.S. , Sun X.Y. , Yang L.Z. , Kurmaev E.Z. , Yang Q. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study, an Al thin film interlayer of 80 nm thick has been applied on FeCoNi alloy substrate which possesses a low coefficient of thermal expansion, to enhance the interfacial adhesion of diamond films produced by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Characterization of the top deposit, interlayer and the underlying substrate was performed by Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy, X-scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Al interlayer has effectively inhibited the formation of graphitic carbon and markedly enhanced the nucleation, growth and adhesion of diamond films. The beneficial role Al plays is primarily attributed to the formation of an alumina barrier layer on the substrate surface, as verified by interfacial analysis.
Metal Loss of Steam-Oxidized Alloys after Exposures at 675°C and 725°C for 500 Hours
Authors: Dudziak T. , Grobauer S. , Simms N. , Krupp U. , Łukaszewicz M. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper reports metal loss data and general overview of steam oxidation behaviour of the selected alloys in water steam under atmospheric pressure in temperature range of 675–725°C. In this research, T22, T23, TP347HFG, HR3C and 718+ alloys were used. In this study, kinetics and metal loss data were obtained for better understanding corrosion degradation of the exposed materials. All the samples after 500-h exposure were characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in backscattered mode (BSE) with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results indicate that the highest corrosion degradation and metal loss were observed in T22, T23 alloys, moderate degradation was found in TP347HFG, whereas HR3C and 718+ nickel-based alloy showed good corrosion resistance.
Termite diversity in the Abobral region of the Pantanal wetland complex, Brazil
Authors: Cunha Hélida Ferreira da , Carrijo Tiago Fernades , Abot Alfredo Raul , Barbosa Carolina Da Silva 
Published: January 2015

This is the first termite survey using standard protocols in the Abobral region of the Pantanal complex of South America. Abobral, which is primarily composed of four physiognomies: 1) campo, annually flooded grassland; 2) capão, which are islands of semi-deciduous forests; 3) carandazal, annually flooded vegetation composed of a native palm; and 4) paratudal, annually flooded savanna vegetation. Ten species of termites were sampled in the capões, three in the grasslands, two in the paratudal and no species in the carandazal. The diversity of termites in the Abobral Pantanal is concentrated in the capões, which stay above water level during the flood season. In the others physiognomies of the Abobral, the termite fauna is poor. The species composition of termites of the Abobral Pantanal seems to be more related to the Cerrado and Chaco faunas than to the Amazonia and Atlantic Forest faunas.
Micropillar Compression of MoSi2 Single Crystals
Authors: Nakatsuka Satoshi , Kishida Kyosuke , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTDeformation behavior of MoSi2 has been studied by micropillar compressions of single crystalline specimens prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) technique as a function of crystal orientation at room temperature. Activation of the {011}<100> and {01$\overline 3$}<331> slip systems were observed in the micropillars compressed along [$\overline 1$10] and [0 15 1], respectively. The CRSS values for each slip system exhibit an approximate power law relationship with the edge length of micropillar. The {01$\overline 3$}<331> slip exhibit much stronger size-dependence than the {011}<100> slip system.
Air Pollution and Its Control
Authors: Lukacs J. , Rossano A.T. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the more important aspects of air pollution, stressing the role of the engineer in its control. The three basic criteria of atmospheric pollution - the source, the meteorological conditions and the effects of pollution - are discussed, and, with these in mind, consideration is given to air pollution in Alberta. Finally, a program for air quality control is proposed.

Introduction
Air pollution is a complex and pervasive problem. However, it is the intent of this paper to point out some of the more important aspects of atmospheric contamination, particularly the role of the petroleum and chemical engineer in an air resource management program.
Monitoring, Controlling and Optimizing Pattern Waterflood Performance with the Computer
Authors: Davies C.A. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper describes a method, currently in use, which helps maintain control of a pattern-type waterflood and requires a minimum of supervision. The control is accomplished by using the computer to automatically schedule production and injection on a monthly basis, having taken into account the previous months' production and injection volumes. The program also calculates the monthly and cumulative voidage status of each pattern. A minimum of supervision has been achieved through the use of seven brief information reports which present all the pertinent data required to supervise the flood. The program produces the monthly operations report for distribution to the Unit partners and a considerable amount of organized data necessary to study the effectiveness of the flood and to allow a more accurate prediction of future equipment requirements.
The Significance of Post-Injection Pressure in Well Treatments
Authors: Shaw G.C. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The behaviour of wellhead pressure immediately following the injection of liquids or slurries used in well completion and workover treatments can often indicate the success of the operation. Because the rate of wellhead pressure build-down after injection is related to the transmissibility of the exposed formation to the treating fluid, an interpretation of the success or failure of the fluid to communicate with the reservoir is possible. Treatments designed to plug-up or clean-out formation flow channels can both be evaluated. Several examples are given· which illustrate how immediate estimates of treatment effectiveness and well quality can be made. Such early appreciation can speed completion and workover operations. The importance of improved data collection is stressed and a minor change in fracturing job procedure is suggested. Reference is made to additional knowledge that may be gained by quantitative analysis of post-injection pressures.
K-Values in the Reservoir
Authors: Lohrenz John 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Vapour-liquid equilibrium K-values for in-situ reservoir fluids are predicted from experimental data and/or correlations. In either case, "perfect" K-values for reservoir calculations are unattainable. Further, the given reservoir fluid compositions may be in error. How do these errors in K-values and compositions affect the results of computations? The question is not simple because it has many answers, depending on the type of computation, the composition and the conditions. To answer the question, saturation pressure, flash and solubility computations were performed for black oil, volatile oil and gas condensate reservoir fluids. Computations were performed with the various arbitrary "errors" that occur. The magnitude of the effect of these errors can then be defined.
Equipment Performance in an Alberta High-Pressure Steam Injection
Authors: Brusset M.J. , Edgington A.N. , Gilmour R.F. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
An experimental steam injection project conducted by Northwestern Refining Co. and McWood Corporation during 1966 at Hughenden, Alberta has shown that it is feasible to inject high-pressure steam (1,500–1,600 psig) at high rates (22 MM Btu per hour) into a sandstone reservoir containing an 18°-A.P.I.-gravity crude oil at a depth in excess of 2,500 feet without experiencing serious mechanical problems and without excessive heat losses. Conventional gas-fired treaters have proved adequate in handling any emulsion problems encountered to date.
Modelling of a Thermally Stimulated Oil Reservoir - An Evaluation of Theoretical and Numerical Methods
Authors: Flock D.L. , Quon D. , Leal M.A. , Thachuk A.R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A two-dimensional mathematical model was formulated to describe the injection or steam into an oil reservoir assuming that a step-function satisfactorily approximates the actual temperature profile within the permeable sand. The model was applied to a homogeneous isotropic reservoir to calculate the temperature in the surrounding strata and the thermal efficiency of the injection process. For a particular set of reservoir conditions, the comparison of the results with a published analytical solution for the one-dimensional case showed that there exists a particular injection rate and pay thickness below which the one-dimensional heat transfer model may not be valid. A second model was formulated to describe the backflow period. The thermal behaviour of the non-permeable strata was accounted for by dividing the surrounding formation into two sets of semi-infinite concentric cylinders and applying the one-dimensional heat flow equation to each shell. The fluid mechanics aspect was described by applying Darcy's equation under plug-fluid flow conditions. With the exception of viscosity, all physical properties were assumed to be independent of temperature and were calculated at an average temperature. The trend of the results of two example calculations is consistent with that generally observed from pilot tests reported in Western Canada.
The Oil Sands of Alberta
Authors: Webber H.J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The heavy hydrocarbon deposits in the Cold Lake area of Alberta are described, and some observations on other Alberta oil sands, particularly the Athabasca deposit, are presented.

Introduction
This contribution was presented in a slightly different form at the Seventh World Petroleum Congress in Mexico City in April, 1967 as a discussion under Panel Discussion No. 13, "Occurrence and Prospects of Tar Sands," of a paper by Dr. P. H. Phizackerley and Miss L. O. Scott entitled "The Major Tar Sand Deposits of the World." In accordance with Congress rules against printing of discussions, this contribution is not being published in the Proceedings of the Congress. The purpose of this presentation is to supplement the recorded summary of 'world oil sands deposits with a discussion of the important Cold Lake deposits and with selected observations on the nature and properties of the other Alberta deposits, particularly the Athabasca deposit.
The True-Positive Rate of a Screening Questionnaire for Temporomandib-ular Disorders
Authors: Nishiyama Akira , Otomo Natsuko , Tsukagoshi Kaori , Tobe Shoko , Kino Koji 
Published: January 2015

Background:
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) occur at an incidence of 5–12% in the general population. We aimed to investigate the rate of true-positives for a screening questionnaire for TMD (SQ-TMD) and differences in the characteristics between the true-positive and false-negative groups.
Materials and

Methods:
Seventy-six individuals (16 men, 60 women; mean age, 41.1 ± 16.5 years) were selected from pa-tients with TMD who had visited the Temporomandibular Joint Clinic at Tokyo Medical and Dental University. The patients were assessed using a questionnaire that contained items on TMD screening (SQ-TMD); pain intensity (at rest, maximum mouth-opening, and chewing), as assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS); and TMD-related limitations of daily func-tion (LDF-TMD). A logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors potentially influencing the true-positive rate.

Results:
Of the 76 subjects, 62 (81.6%) were true-positive for the questionnaire based on the SQ-TMD scores. The mean VAS score for maximum mouth-opening and chewing and the mean LDF-TMD score were significantly greater in the true-positive group than those in the false-negative group. The results of the logistic regression analysis showed that only the VAS score for chewing was a statistically significant factor (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The true-positive rate of TMD using SQ-TMD was very high. The results indicate that SQ-TMD can be used to screen TMD in patients with moderate or severe pain and difficulty in living a healthy daily life.
Persistent Wound Drainage After Tumor Resection and Endoprosthetic Reconstruction of the Proximal Femur
Authors: Hettwer Werner H. , Horstmann Peter F. , Grum-Schwensen Tomas A. , Petersen Michael M. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose:
To examine the prevalence of prolonged wound drainage (PWD) after tumor resection and endoprosthetic reconstruction of the hip.

Methods:
Retrospective review of 86 consecutive patients with metastatic bone disease, malignant hematologic bone disease or bone sarcoma, treated with tumor resection and subsequent endoprosthetic reconstruction of the proximal femur, between 2010 and 2012, in a single center.

Results:
PWD for 7 days or more was observed in 41 cases (48%). The wounds only ceased oozing after a mean of 8.4 days, leading to prolonged administration of prophylactic antibiotics (mean 8.7 days) and length of hospital stay (mean 10.2 days). Total femur replacement, bone sarcoma and additional pelvic reconstruction were identified as significant independent risk factors for an even longer duration of PWD.

Conclusion:
Compared to conventional hip arthroplasty, PWD appears to be significantly more prevalent in patients undergoing tumor arthroplasty procedures of the hip. Given the potentially increased risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), increased awareness, identification and implementation of adequate strategies for prevention and treatment of this avoidable complication are warranted.
The Kyoto Protocol and the JUSCANNZ/Umbrella Group Countries - Party and Political System-Conditioned Determinants
Authors: Gnaś Herbert 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGlobal Warming and the Kyoto Protocol are tssues that raise many controverts. This matter is especially visible in the countries which formed the JUSCANNZ, later renamed the Umbrella Group, which is an alliance in the climate negotiations process that consists of non-European Union developed states that - above all - oppose new greenhouse gases emissions reductions commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol itself and the aforementioned commitments were and still are the sources of conflicts on the international and country levels. On the country level these conflicts are highly noticeable in four Umbrella Group countries: United States, Australia, New Zealand and Canada and they occurred on various levels in regard to the Kyoto Protocol: negotiation (case of the United States), ratification (cases of the United States and Australia), implementation (cases of the Australia and New Zealand) and a level that can be called a “withdrawal" level (case of Canada). All these conflicts were caused by differences in main political parties' positions towards the Kyoto Protocol and/or by differences in the look on that matter presented by the legislative branch and the executive branch. In this article the abovementioned issues will be examined.
Determinants of Poland's Endeavors for the Accession to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Authors: Błazejcżyk Artur 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnalysis of the consequences of power balance disturbance in the Central-Eastern Europe after the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and regaining sovereignty by states remaining under the dominance of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics after World War II leads to recognizing Poland's accession to NATO as Poland's indisputable diplomatic success providing it with a new instrument serving to implement its
The Affiliation between State and Churches: The Case Study of Greece
Authors: Koutras Nikos 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe issue of State-Church relations should be examined in detail, to reveal why Christian Orthodox Church and State in Greece are two sides of the same coin. For many centuries, both Christian Orthodox Church and State have been the pillars of social cohesion in Greek society. This paper highlights the importance of Church and State separation in Greece nowadays.
Мовна політика в Україні в умовах парламентських виборів 2012 року
Authors: Терес Наталія 
Published: January 2015

AbstractСтаття присвячена особливостям здійснення мовної політики в Україні, її змісту, обумовленого ступенем поширення і вживання української та російської мов, мов національних меншостей. Розкриваються причини і перебіг політичної боротьби навколо мовного питання в умовах ухвалення Закону України «Про засади державної мовної політики в Україні» напередодні парламентських виборів 2012 року, особливостям мовного питання в перевиборних програмах лідерів парламентських перегонів.
Перспективи зовнішньої політики України з огляду на результати… парламентських виборів 2012 в оцінках оглядачів
Authors: Яковенко Наталя 
Published: January 2015

AbstractВ статті представлено оцінки ЗМІ, спостерігачів міжнародних організацій, провідних полі- тиків щодо перебігу парламентських виборів 2012 року в Україні, висунуто прогнози стосовно подальшого зовнішньополітичного курсу новообраної Верховної Ради.