bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial genetic structure and asymmetrical gene flow within the Pacific walrus
Authors: Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Jay Chadwick V. , Fischbach Anthony S. , Sage George K. , Talbot Sandra L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) occupying shelf waters of Pacific Arctic seas migrate during spring and summer from 3 breeding areas in the Bering Sea to form sexually segregated nonbreeding aggregations. We assessed genetic relationships among 2 putative breeding populations and 6 nonbreeding aggregations. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence data suggest that males are distinct among breeding populations (ΦST = 0.051), and between the eastern Chukchi and other nonbreeding aggregations (ΦST = 0.336–0.449). Nonbreeding female aggregations were genetically distinct across marker types (microsatellite FST = 0.019; mtDNA ΦST = 0.313), as was eastern Chukchi and all other nonbreeding aggregations (microsatellite FST = 0.019–0.035; mtDNA ΦST = 0.386–0.389). Gene flow estimates are asymmetrical from St. Lawrence Island into the southeastern Bering breeding population for both sexes. Partitioning of haplotype frequencies among breeding populations suggests that individuals exhibit some degree of philopatry, although weak. High levels of genetic differentiation among eastern Chukchi and all other nonbreeding aggregations, but considerably lower genetic differentiation between breeding populations, suggest that at least 1 genetically distinct breeding population remained unsampled. Limited genetic structure at microsatellite loci between assayed breeding areas can emerge from several processes, including male-mediated gene flow, or population admixture following a decrease in census size (i.e., due to commercial harvest during 1880–1950s) and subsequent recovery. Nevertheless, high levels of genetic diversity in the Pacific walrus, which withstood prolonged decreases in census numbers with little impact on neutral genetic diversity, may reflect resiliency in the face of past environmental challenges.
Effects of repeated sterilization cycles on primary stability of orthodontic mini-screws
Authors: Akyalcin Sercan , McIver Holly P. , English Jeryl D. , Ontiveros Joe C. , Gallerano Ron L. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine if repeated sterilization has deleterious effects on the clinical stability of mini-screws.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty each of the following mini-screws were tested: Aarhus (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wisc), VectorTAS (Ormco Corporation, Orange, Calif), Dual-Top (RMO, Denver, Colo), and Ortho Anchor (KLS Martin, Jacksonville, Fla). Controls were sterilized once using a steam autoclave (Statim 5000, SciCan USA, Canonsburg, Pa). Each group of mini-screws was divided into three groups: the control (n  =  10) and two test groups (n  =  10, each). Test groups were cycled five and 10 times respectively. All screws were inserted into custom-designed synthetic blocks that simulated mandibular bone. Maximum insertion torque and lateral displacement force data were recorded and subjected to statistical testing. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and three-way mixed ANOVA were used for statistical analyses for maximum insertion torque data and lateral displacement force data, respectively. Level of significance was established at P &lt; .05.

Results:
Insertion torque values displayed significant differences between both of the groups and sterilization cycles (P &lt; .05). Significant differences were observed between American Aarhus mini-screws and both RMO and KLS Martin mini-screws. Ormco Vector mini-screws also differed significantly from the KLS Martin mini-screws in this comparison (P &lt; .05). For lateral displacement, there was a significant main effect of groups, F(1,36)  =  14.5 (P &lt; .05). Significant differences were observed between American Aarhus mini-screws and all three of the other groups (P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
The examined groups displayed statistical differences of variable quality that may not affect their clinical stability.
Baseline Findings of an HIV Incidence Cohort Study to Prepare for Future HIV Prevention Clinical Trials in Kisumu, Kenya
Authors: Chege Wairimu , Pals Sherri L , McLellan-Lemal Eleanor , Shinde Sanjyot , Nyambura Monicah , Otieno Frederick O , Gust Deborah A , Chen Robert T , Thomas Timothy 
Published: December 2012

Introduction: In an analysis of baseline findings of an HIV incidence cohort study, an assessment was made of HIV prevalence among persons presenting for enrollment and any differences in demographic characteristics between persons not enrolled compared to those enrolled. We also described and compared HIV risk behaviors in males and females enrolled in the study. Methodology: A computer-assisted survey was administered to collect baseline demographic and HIV risk data from 1,277 men and women aged 18-34 years. Testing for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI) was conducted. Out of 1,277 persons prescreened for eligibility, 625 were enrolled. Results: HIV prevalence of all persons who completed screening was 14.8% (females: 21.1%; males: 8.1%). The odds of being enrolled in the study were higher for persons 18-24 years compared to those 30-34 years of age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.18, CI=1.13, 4.21] and males compared to females [AOR=2.07, CI=1.43, 2.99]. Among those enrolled in the study, the most prevalent HIV risk behaviors were unprotected sex (49%), alcohol use (45%), and transactional sex (30%) in the last three months. Compared to females, a significantly greater proportion of males reported using any alcohol or recreational drug in the last three months, a history of oral sex, sex with partner other than a spouse or main partner, ever having a blood transfusion, ever being treated for an STI, and having knowledge of their last HIV test result.Conclusion: The Kisumu Field Station successfully recruited individuals with HIV risk characteristics for the HIV incidence cohort study.
Influence of Software Upgrade on Detection of Localized Nerve Fiber Defects with the RTVue Optical Coherence Tomograph in Glaucoma
Authors: Naghizadeh Farzaneh , Holló Gábor 
Published: December 2012

Purpose To investigate the influence of a software version upgrade of the RTVue-100 Fourier-domain optical coherence tomograph (RTVue-OCT) on the detection of localized retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defects in glaucoma. Case Report In software version 4.0 of RTVue-OCT 16, 22.5°-sized RNFL sectors are compared to the normative database, respectively, while in the 6.3 version, 8 45°-sized RNFL sectors are investigated and compared to the same normative database. We investigated data of 56 glaucomatous eyes with one or more localized RNFL defects found using software version 4.0, and reanalyzed them using software version 6.3. A corresponding localized visual field defect was seen for all localized RNFL defects. We found 37 RNFL defects which extended to only one 22.5°-sized sector surrounded by an area labeled as within normal limits. Six of them (3 classified as borderline and 3 as outside normal limits by software version 4.0) were classified as within normal limits when they were analyzed with software version 6.3. The other 31 focal RNFL defects and all wider localized RNFL defects which extended to 2 neighboring 22.5°-sized sectors were detected with both software versions. Conclusions A software upgrade of the RTVue-OCT, which doubles the size and reduces the number of RNFL sectors, decreases the probability of detection of narrow focal RNFL defects in glaucoma. RTVue-OCT users need to know this, and in order to detect localized RNFL thinning in glaucoma they should rely on other features of the report.
Extended Traffic Crash Modelling through Precision and Response Time Using Fuzzy Clustering Algorithms Compared with Multi-layer Perceptron
Authors: Aghayan Iman , Noii Nima , Kunt Mehmet Metin 
Published: December 2012

This paper compares two fuzzy clustering algorithms – fuzzy subtractive clustering and fuzzy C-means clustering – to a multi-layer perceptron neural network for their ability to predict the severity of crash injuries and to estimate the response time on the traffic crash data. Four clustering algorithms – hierarchical, K-means, subtractive clustering, and fuzzy C-means clustering – were used to obtain the optimum number of clusters based on the mean silhouette coefficient and R-value before applying the fuzzy clustering algorithms. The best-fit algorithms were selected according to two criteria: precision (root mean square, R-value, mean absolute errors, and sum of square error) and response time (t). The highest R-value was obtained for the multi-layer perceptron (0.89), demonstrating that the multi-layer perceptron had a high precision in traffic crash prediction among the prediction models, and that it was stable even in the presence of outliers and overlapping data. Meanwhile, in comparison with other prediction models, fuzzy subtractive clustering provided the lowest value for response time (0.284 second), 9.28 times faster than the time of multi-layer perceptron, meaning that it could lead to developing an on-line system for processing data from detectors and/or a real-time traffic database. The model can be extended through improvements based on additional data through induction procedure.
Being on top versus not dangling at the bottom: Popularity motivation and aggression in youth
Authors: Lansu Tessa A. M. , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhereas research on aggression and status motivation in youth has predominantly looked at a promotion focus (striving for popularity), a prevention focus (wanting to avoid low popularity) could also be an important determinant of aggression, as youth who fear low popularity may use strategic aggression to secure their position. The aim of the current study was to develop reliable measures for both popularity motivations, and examine how both motivations are uniquely and jointly related to aggression. Participants were 1123 Dutch secondary school students (M age = 14.4 years, 48% girls), who completed a 3‐item measure of striving for high popularity based on existing questionnaires (Li & Wright, 2014; Ojanen et al., 2005), and a 3‐item measure of avoiding low popularity consisting of an adapted version of the high popularity items. Aggressive behavior was measured through peer nominations. Motivations were moderately correlated (r = .51), but did not always co‐occur within the same person, as 17% of the sample belonged to a cluster that scored low on striving for popularity, but moderately high on avoiding low popularity. When considered simultaneously, striving for high popularity was not related to any type of aggression, whereas avoiding affiliation with unpopular peers was related to strategic aggression. For physical and verbal aggression, gossiping, excluding and bullying, the association of avoiding low popularity with aggression was strongest when youth also strived for high popularity. Future work should take both popularity motivations into account to better understand, predict and intervene on youth's aggression toward peers.
Syncopated Chronologies: Architectural Conservation and Spectral Documentation
Authors: Stebbing Cameron 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFrom its very inception, architectural preservation, and the specialist conservation practices that have evolved to support it, have occupied a shifting territory of constant quantification and continually evolving legislation. Architectural designer Cameron Stebbing evokes a menagerie of philosophical ideas used to illustrate and explore the notion that traditional recording techniques ignore hidden and veiled presences within our built environment.
Hard Spirits: Architectural Apparitions in Hayao Miyazaki's Spirited Away
Authors: Chapman Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFilm has a long history of spectral association, from the possibilities of projection, the dancing image that hangs in the air, to the translucence of the media itself. Taking inspiration from a Japanese animation, Michael Chapman, Professor and Chair of Architecture and Industrial Design at Western Sydney University, has created a series of works that seek to fill in the haunted blanks and uncanny parallaxes that exist between the space we view and perceive in the filmic sequence and an ‘objective’ reality of that architecture. He uses some of the compositional protocols of the traditional scroll and machinery to produce his proposal – a parallel world that haunts the absences and holes within the original.
Ensemble Feature Selection for Clustering Damage Modes in Carbon Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Sandwich Composites Using Acoustic Emission
Authors: Gulsen Abdulkadir , Kolukisa Burak , Caliskan Umut , Bakir‐Gungor Burcu , Gungor Vehbi Cagri 
Published: July 2024

Acoustic emission (AE) serves as a noninvasive technique for real‐time structural health monitoring, capturing the stress waves produced by the formation and growth of cracks within a material. This study presents a novel ensemble feature selection methodology to rank features highly relevant with damage modes in AE signals gathered from edgewise compression tests on honeycomb‐core carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer. Two distinct features, amplitude and peak frequency, are selected for labeling the AE signals. An ensemble‐supervised feature selection method ranks feature importance according to these labels. Using the ranking list, unsupervised clustering models are then applied to identify damage modes. The comparative results reveal a robust correlation between the damage modes and the features of counts and energy when amplitude is selected. Similarly, when peak frequency is chosen, a significant association is observed between the damage modes and the features of partial powers 1 and 2. These findings demonstrate that, in addition to the commonly used features, other features, such as partial powers, exhibit a correlation with damage modes.
Integration of Heterogeneous Interfaces and Multi‐Dimensional Encapsulation Structure in Fe2N@CNTs Enabling Highly Efficient Thermal Management and Microwave Absorption
Authors: Wang Jian , Miao Zeqing , Gao Kesheng , Li Zhiqiang , Zhang Xiaoning , Yang Chao , Iqbal Safdar , Xiang Gaoming , Cui Anguo , Liu Linhua , Sun Changlong , Wu Hongjing , Yang Jia‐Yue 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe opposing effects of interface effect on phonon heat conduction and microwave absorption hinder the integration of thermal conduction with microwave absorption. Reconciling this contradiction by rationally optimizing the material structure remains a challenge. Herein, Fe2N@CNTs with heterogeneous interfaces and multi‐dimensional encapsulated structures are fabricated through in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to realize excellent thermal conductivity and microwave absorption. When the mass fraction of active material is 40 wt.%, the thermal conductivity (λ//) of Fe2N@CNTs composite films is 6.69 W m−1 K−1. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) is up to −54.55 dB at a thickness of 3.43 mm, and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 5.52 GHz at 1.82 mm. The well‐designed Fe2N@CNTs is an ideal model for gaining insight into electron transportation and phonon multi‐dimensional heat transport. Heterogeneous interface improves the dielectric loss and facilitates microwave and phonon absorption and conversion. The multi‐dimensional encapsulation structure increases the electron transport path and phonon heat transport paths making axial and radial co‐transfer possible. The multi‐dimensional encapsulation structure demonstrates extremely high microwave absorption and thermal management capabilities, which open up new possibilities for multifunctional applications in host materials with internal hollows.
Toward Full‐Color Vision Restoration: Conjugated Polymers as Key Functional Materials in Artificial Retinal Prosthetics
Authors: Askew Leslie , Sweeney Aimee , Cox David , Shkunov Maxim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the prosthetic retina, a device replacing dysfunctional cones and rods, with the ability to mimic the spectral response properties of these photoreceptors and provide electrical stimulation signals to activate residual visual pathways, can relay sufficient data to the brain for interpretation as color vision. Organic semiconductors including conjugated polymers with four different bandgaps providing wavelength‐specific electrical responses are ideal candidates for potential full‐color vision restoration. Here, conjugated polymer photocapacitor devices immersed in electrolyte are demonstrated to elicit a photovoltage measured by a Ag/AgCl electrode 100 microns from the device of ≈−40 mV for 15–39 µW mm−2of incident light power density at three wavelengths: 405 nm for blue photoreceptor candidate material, 534 nm for green, 634 nm for red. Photoresponse is substantially improved by introducing polymer donor/acceptor molecules bulk heterojunctions. Devices with bulk heterojunction configurations achieved at least −70 mV for green candidates with the highest at −200 mV for red cone candidates. These findings highlight the potential for organic materials to bridge the gap toward natural vision restoration for retinal dystrophic conditions such as age‐related macular degeneration, Stargardt disease, or retinitis pigmentosa and contribute to the ongoing advancements in visual prosthetic devices.
Copper‐Cysteine Nanostructures for Synergetic Photothermal Therapy and Chemodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Skin Abscesses
Authors: Bagheri Hadi , Bochani Shayesteh , Seyedhamzeh Mohammad , Shokri Zahra , Kalantari‐Hesari Ali , Turner Raymond J. , Kharaziha Mahshid , Esmaeilzadeh Kimia , Golami Mehdi , Zeighami Habib , Maleki Aziz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSkin lesions, including skin bacterial abscesses, have become one of the most important health challenges and usually need systemic high‐dose antibiotics. Therefore, it is of particular importance to develop novel approaches for treating this ever‐growing challenge to human health. To address this challenge, herein a copper nanostructure is developed giving combined photothermal and chemodynamic therapies for focal infection treatment. The Cu‐based nanostructures with intrinsic catalytic properties are prepared by D‐L or L cysteine (Cys) as ligand and copper ions. It is shown that the multifunctional copper‐Cys (Cu‐Cys) nanostructures can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and they exhibit near infrared (NIR)‐enhanced catalytic activities to improve ROS production for highly efficient eradication of bacteria. Moreover, the results proved O2 evolution property of the Cu‐Cys nanoparticles (NPs). The nanostructures show shape‐dependent antibacterial activity where DL‐Cu‐Cys NPs show higher bactericidal performance than L‐Cu‐Cys NPs. In vitro results demonstrate that 2.5 and 1.25 µg mL−1 of DL‐Cu‐Cys NPs is enough to achieve rapid killing of Escherichia coli (E. coli) or Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) respectively under 808 nm light irradiation in 10 min. This work introduces a unique photoactive nanoagent to efficiently treat subcutaneous abscess by combining NIR light‐triggered photothermal effect and catalytic generation of ROS without using any antibiotic.
All‐in‐One, Wireless, Multi‐Sensor Integrated Athlete Health Monitor for Real‐Time Continuous Detection of Dehydration and Physiological Stress
Authors: Kim Ka Ram , Kang Tae Woog , Kim Hodam , Lee Yoon Jae , Lee Sung Hoon , Yi Hoon , Kim Hyeon Seok , Kim Hojoong , Min Jihee , Ready Jud , Millard‐Stafford Melinda , Yeo Woon‐Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAthletes are at high risk of dehydration, fatigue, and cardiac disorders due to extreme performance in often harsh environments. Despite advancements in sports training protocols, there is an urgent need for a non‐invasive system capable of comprehensive health monitoring. Although a few existing wearables measure athlete's performance, they are limited by a single function, rigidity, bulkiness, and required straps and adhesives. Here, an all‐in‐one, multi‐sensor integrated wearable system utilizing a set of nanomembrane soft sensors and electronics, enabling wireless, real‐time, continuous monitoring of saliva osmolality, skin temperature, and heart functions is introduced. This system, using a soft patch and a sensor‐integrated mouthguard, provides comprehensive monitoring of an athlete's hydration and physiological stress levels. A validation study in detecting real‐time physiological levels shows the device's performance in capturing moments (400–500 s) of synchronized acute elevation in dehydration (350%) and physiological strain (175%) during field training sessions. Demonstration with a few human subjects highlights the system's capability to detect early signs of health abnormality, thus improving the healthcare of sports athletes.
Granulosa Cell‐Layer Stiffening Prevents Escape of Mural Granulosa Cells from the Post‐Ovulatory Follicle
Authors: Wang Xiaodong , Liao Jianning , Shi Hongru , Zhao Yongheng , Ke Wenkai , Wu Hao , Liu Guoshi , Li Xiang , He Changjiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOvulation is vital for successful reproduction. Following ovulation, cumulus cells and oocyte are released, while mural granulosa cells (mGCs) remain sequestered within the post‐ovulatory follicle to form the corpus luteum. However, the mechanism underlying the confinement of mGCs has been a longstanding mystery. Here, in vitro and in vivo evidence is provided demonstrating that the stiffening of mGC‐layer serves as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that prevents mGCs from escaping the post‐ovulatory follicles. The results from spatial transcriptome analysis and experiments reveal that focal adhesion assembly, triggered by the LH (hCG)‐cAMP‐PKA‐CREB signaling cascade, is necessary for mGC‐layer stiffening. Disrupting focal adhesion assembly through RNA interference results in stiffening failure, mGC escape, and the subsequent development of an abnormal corpus luteum characterized by decreased cell density or cavities. These findings introduce a novel concept of “mGC‐layer stiffening”, shedding light on the mechanism that prevents mGC escape from the post‐ovulatory follicle.
pH Sensitive Dual Cross‐Linked Anionic and Amphoteric Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels for Adsorptive Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sabbir , Maniruzzaman Md. , Al‐Mamun Md. Rubel , Kanok Kibreya Kabir , Rahman Badal Md. Mizanur , Aziz Md. Abdul , Mazumder Mohammad A. Jafar , Ahamed Parbhej 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe contamination of water by organic dye compounds are worldwide environmental problem due to their highly toxic nature. To address this environmental issue, a simple technique with highly efficient dye removal was developed to prepare pH‐ sensitive dual‐crosslinked anionic and amphoteric interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogels based on Na‐carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC) using jute stick‐based cellulose. Crosslinked Na‐CMC and crosslinked κ‐carrageenan (KC) were interlaced by H‐bonding in anionic IPN hydrogel (An‐gel), but crosslinked Na‐CMC and crosslinked Chitosan (CS) were interlaced by electrostatic interaction in amphoteric IPN hydrogel (Am‐gel). In various operating conditions (pH, temperature, etc.) An‐gel displayed a higher number of swelling ratios of about 2560% at pH 7.2 and Am‐gel of about 1874% at pH 5.5. Based on the point of zero charge, An‐gel achieved the maximum removal efficiency of 81.62 % for methylene blue (MB) at pH 7.2, whereas Am‐gel achieved 85.38% removal efficiency for eosin yellow (EY) at pH 5.5. The adsorption kinetics of IPN hydrogels followed a pseudo‐second order model and best fitted by Langmuir isotherm model. The removal efficiency of MB and EY decreased slightly with increasing temperature. The values of ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° indicated an exothermic, spontaneous, and disordered adsorption process.