bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Liposome‐Based Immunochromatographic Strip Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in Pure Culture
Authors: Leem Hyerim , Shukla Shruti , Song Xinjie , Heu Seunggi , Kim Myunghee 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study was aimed to develop specific antibody against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and to confirm the originality and sensitivity of a liposome‐based immunochromatographic strip assay. Liposomes were prepared through a reverse‐phase evaporation method and conjugated with goat anti‐Salmonella immunoglobulin G (IgG) in order to produce immunoliposomes. For the developed assay, a plastic‐backed nitrocellulose strip (HiFlow Plus HFB09004, Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA) was coated with two antibody zones. The lower zone (test line) of the strip was coated with 11.2 μg/μL of laboratory‐produced rabbit anti‐S. Typhimurium IgG, while the upper zone (control line) was coated with 1.2 μg/μL of rabbit anti‐goat IgG. The prepared strips were allowed for capillary migration with wicking solution (mixture of diluted liposome and bacterial culture). S. Typhimurium was captured with surface bound immunoliposomes at lower zone, while the unbound liposomes migrated and bounded to the upper zone. The detection limit of the developed immunochromatographic strip assay was found to be 106–107 cfu/mL with a total analysis time of 10 min. When the cross‐reactivity of the developed laboratory‐produced rabbit anti‐S. Typhimurium IgG coated immunochromatographic strips were compared with commercial immunochromatographic detection kit and commercial antibody‐coated immunochromatographic strips, the developed test strips showed similar detection limit to commercial ones; however, they were specific to S. Typhimurium only.Practical ApplicationSalmonella pathogens have become major cause of food‐borne diseases worldwide, raising a great safety concern to consumers and public health. A number of Salmonella serotypes responsible for severe foodborne outbreaks are found in various foods including fresh vegetables, dairy and meat products, as well as in human host. Such implications caused by these Salmonella pathogens have sustained the demand for their on‐site detection using some advance techniques. In this context, we have developed an efficient liposome‐based immunochromatographic strip assay for the sensitive detection of Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) in pure cultures. This immunochromatographic strip prepared by using laboratory‐produced rabbit anti‐S. Typhimurium IgG antibody was found specific to S. Typhimurium and showed better detection limit as compared with commercial immunochromatographic detection kit. Possible applications may be applied in food industry for the rapid and sensitive detection of S. Typhimurium in various food samples contaminated with this pathogenic bacterium.
Endogenous neurotoxic dopamine derivative covalently binds to Parkinson's disease‐associated ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 and alters its structure and function
Authors: Contu Viorica Raluca , Kotake Yaichiro , Toyama Takashi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Miyara Masatsugu , Sakamoto Shuichiro , Samizo Shigeyoshi , Sanoh Seigo , Kumagai Yoshito , Ohta Shigeru 
Published: May 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. A mutation in ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) is responsible for a form of genetic PD which strongly resembles the idiopathic PD. We previously showed that 1‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (3′,4′DHBnTIQ) is an endogenous parkinsonism‐inducing dopamine derivative. Here, we investigated the interaction between 3′,4′DHBnTIQ and UCH‐L1 and its possible role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PD. Our results indicate that 3′,4′DHBnTIQ binds to UCH‐L1 specifically at Cys152 in vitro. In addition, 3′,4′DHBnTIQ treatment increased the amount of UCH‐L1 in the insoluble fraction of SH‐SY5Y cells and inhibited its hydrolase activity to 60%, reducing the level of ubiquitin in the soluble fraction of SH‐SY5Y cells. Catechol‐modified UCH‐L1 as well as insoluble UCH‐L1 were detected in the midbrain of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine‐treated PD model mice. Structurally as well as functionally altered UCH‐L1 have been detected in the brains of patients with idiopathic PD. We suggest that conjugation of UCH‐L1 by neurotoxic endogenous compounds such as 3′,4′DHBnTIQ might play a key role in onset and progression of idiopathic PD.
image
We investigated the interaction between ubiquitin C‐terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH‐L1) and the brain endogenous parkinsonism inducer 1‐(3′,4′‐dihydroxybenzyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (3′,4′DHBnTIQ). Our results indicate that 3′,4′DHBnTIQ binds to UCH‐L1 specifically at cysteine 152 and induces its aggregation. 3′,4′DHBnTIQ also inhibits the hydrolase activity of UCH‐L1. Catechol‐modified as well as insoluble UCH‐L1 were detected in the midbrains of MPTP‐treated Parkinson's disease (PD) model mice. Conjugation of UCH‐L1 by neurotoxic endogenous compounds like 3′,4′DHBnTIQ might play a key role in onset and progression of PD.
THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION ON REGIONAL WAGE INEQUALITY: A SEMIPARAMETRIC APPROACH
Authors: Dickey Heather 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTAccording to economic theory, regional migration is a primary mechanism through which regional wage convergence is predicted to occur. However, this does not necessarily imply that regional migration has an equalizing effect on regional inequality. Despite considerable literatures on regional migration and regional wage inequality, little attention has focused on the relationship between the two. This paper investigates one of the primary mechanisms through which migration affects individual region's wage distributions. It adopts a semiparametric procedure to examine how the regional wage distributions in Great Britain have changed as a result of migration using British Household Panel Survey data for 1991–2007.
Fire frequency, agricultural history and the multivariate control of pine savanna understorey plant diversity
Authors: Veldman Joseph W. , Brudvig Lars A. , Damschen Ellen I. , Orrock John L. , Mattingly W. Brett , Walker Joan L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractQuestionHuman‐altered disturbance regimes and agricultural land uses are broadly associated with reduced plant species diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we seek to understand how fire frequency and agricultural land‐use history influence savanna understorey plant diversity through complex relationships (i.e. indirect effects) among multiple biophysical variables.LocationFort Bragg, NC, US, Savannah River Site, SC, US and Fort Stewart, GA, US.MethodsWe use structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the relationships among six groups of predictor variables and their influence on local‐scale species richness in pine savannas at 256 sites from three locations in the southeastern USA. In the model, fire frequency and agricultural history are hypothesized to control richness through a combination of direct effects, and indirect effects mediated by resource availability, tree abundance, understorey plant abundance and the O horizon (litter and duff depth).ResultsFrequent fires promote richness by limiting tree abundance, which increases understorey abundance and reduces the O horizon. Frequent fires also limit the O horizon independent of tree abundance. Of the total positive effect of fire on richness, 70% is attributable to reductions in the O horizon and 30% to reduced tree abundance. Agricultural history has a negative effect on richness through a positive correlation with tree abundance, which decreases understorey abundance and increases the O horizon. Agricultural history has a modest negative effect on richness by reducing resource availability as well as a strong direct negative effect (38% of the total effect) that is unrelated to other modelled variables.ConclusionsThrough a multivariate framework and large‐scale data set, this study unites and tests our understanding of the factors that control plant species diversity in a fire‐dependent ecosystem. We show that the effects of fire frequency and agricultural history on richness are largely mediated through other ecosystem attributes, including vegetation structure (i.e. tree and understorey abundance), resource availability and the O horizon. Persistent, negative effects of agricultural history demonstrate the slow rates of savanna plant community recovery on post‐agricultural land and highlight the conservation value of frequently burned savanna remnants.
The Woody Allen Puzzle: How ‘Authentic Alienation’ Complicates Autonomy
Authors: Killmister Suzy 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTheories of autonomy commonly make reference to some form of endorsement: an action is autonomous insofar as the agent has a second‐order desire towards the motivating desire, or takes it to be a reason for action, or is not alienated from it. In this paper I argue that all such theories have difficulty accounting for certain kinds of agents, what I call ‘Woody Allen cases’. In order to make sense of such cases, I suggest, it is necessary to disambiguate two distinct forms of endorsement, both of which contribute to autonomy.
Efficacy of Withania somnifera chemotypes NMITLI – 101R, 118R and Withaferin A against experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Tripathi C. D. P. , Gupta R. , Kushawaha P. K. , Mandal C. , Misra Bhattacharya S. , Dube A. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe immunoprophylactic and therapeutic potentials of root extracts of Withania somnifera chemotypes (NMITLI‐118, NMITLI‐101) and pure withanolide–withaferin A was investigated against Leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. The naive animals, fed orally with immunostimulatory doses of chemotypes 101R, 118R (10 and 3 mg/kg) and withaferin A (9 and 3 mg/kg) for five consecutive days and challenged with Leishmania parasites on day 6, were euthanized on days 30 and 45 p.c. for the assessment of parasite clearance, real‐time analysis of mRNAs of Th1/Th2 cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐12, TNF‐α, iNOS/IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β), NO production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lymphocyte transformation test and antibody responses. By day 45 p.c., there was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of iNOS, IFN‐γ, IL‐12 and TNF‐α but decrease in IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β, an enhanced Leishmania‐specific LTT response as well as ROS, NO and antileishmanial IgG2 levels in 101R‐treated hamsters followed by 118R‐ and withaferin A‐treated ones, respectively. When these chemotypes were given to L. donovani‐infected hamsters at different doses, there was moderate therapeutic efficacy of chemotype 101R (~50%) at 30 mg/kg × 5 followed by the other two. The results established that the 101R is the most potential chemotype and can be evaluated for combination therapy along with available antileishmanials.
Cannabis smoking and respiratory health: Consideration of the literature
Authors: Gates Peter , Jaffe Adam , Copeland Jan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe respiratory health effects from tobacco smoking are well described. Cannabis smoke contains a similar profile of carcinogenic chemicals as tobacco smoke but is inhaled more deeply. Although cannabis smoke is known to contain similar harmful and carcinogenic substances to tobacco smoke, relatively little is understood regarding the respiratory health effects from cannabis smoking. There is a need to integrate research on cannabis and respiratory health effects so that gaps in the literature can be identified and the more consistent findings can be consolidated with the purpose of educating smokers and health service providers. This review focuses on several aspects of respiratory health and cannabis use (as well as concurrent cannabis and tobacco use) and provides an update to (i) the pathophysiology; (ii) general respiratory health including symptoms of chronic bronchitis; and (iii) lung cancer.
The Determinants of Salience of Energy Issues
Authors: Lowry William R. , Joslyn Mark 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStudies show that salience of an issue influences the behavior of political elites, policy responses, and the attitudes of the public. Yet while the effects of salience are given considerable attention, less is known about the factors that produce salience. Specifically, what are the determinants of an issue's salience? We examine salience of energy issues in theUnitedStates over the past six decades and make two contributions. First, we provide systematic explanations of issue salience. Second, contrary to popular conceptions that energy salience is driven entirely by gasoline prices, or some scholarly analyses that salience depends on crises, we argue that other factors increase salience. Specifically, we find that political actors and activities increase energy salience, even after controlling for higher gas prices and shocks. This is an important finding; political dynamics enhance salience. Meaningful political action, therefore, driven by enhanced salience, is not entirely dependent on market forces or unplanned events.
Retailer Supply Chain and Market Access: Evidence From French Agri‐food Firms Certified with Private Standards
Authors: Latouche Karine , Chevassus‐Lozza Emmanuelle 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper explores an original data set identifying French agri‐food firms certified with two European private standards: the International Food Standard and/or the British Retail Consortium standard (BRC). Certified firms complying with such requirements are able to supply some European retailers with products sold under their retailers' own private label. Our analysis revealed that certified firms were among the biggest and most productive firms in the sample. Then, based on recent developments in international economics, we propose a modification of Chaney's model and estimations to test for the hypothesis that entering retailer networks reduces export costs faced by certified firms to access European union (EU) markets. After controlling for size and productivity effects, model estimations show that French firms who adopt BRC and enter the corresponding network benefit from better access through a significant decrease in their entry costs to certain EU markets.
A functional coupling between extrasynaptic NMDA receptors and A‐type K+ channels under astrocyte control regulates hypothalamic neurosecretory neuronal activity
Authors: Naskar Krishna , Stern Javier E. 
Published: May 2014

Key points
In hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells, activation of glutamate NMDA receptors leads to inhibition of the transient voltage‐gated A‐type K+ current (IA), in a Ca2+‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent manner.
The negative NMDAR–IA functional coupling involves activation of extrasynaptic (e)NMDARs. The eNMDAR–IA coupling is engaged by endogenous extracellular glutamate, whose levels are controlled by astrocyte glutamate GLT1 transporters.
The eNMDAR–IA coupling is enhanced during dehydration, a condition in which astrocyte GLT1 efficiency is blunted.
The eNMDAR–IA coupling results in increased neuronal excitability and firing activity in magnocellular neurosecretory neurons.
Taken together these studies support the concept that the eNMDAR–IA coupling is a powerful mechanism by which glutamate increases magnocellular neurosecretory excitability and firing activity.
AbstractNeuronal activity is controlled by a fine‐tuned balance between intrinsic properties and extrinsic synaptic inputs. Moreover, neighbouring astrocytes are now recognized to influence a wide spectrum of neuronal functions. Yet, how these three key factors act in concert to modulate and fine‐tune neuronal output is not well understood. Here, we show that in rat hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs), glutamate NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are negatively coupled to the transient, voltage‐gated A‐type K+ current (IA). We found that activation of NMDARs by extracellular glutamate levels influenced by astrocyte glutamate transporters resulted in a significant inhibition of IA. The NMDAR–IA functional coupling resulted from activation of extrasynaptic NMDARs, was calcium‐ and protein kinase C‐dependent, and involved enhanced steady‐state, voltage‐dependent inactivation of IA. The NMDAR–IA coupling diminished the latency to the first evoked spike in response to membrane depolarization and increased the total number of evoked action potentials, thus strengthening the neuronal input/output function. Finally, we found a blunted NMDA‐mediated inhibition of IA in dehydrated rats. Together, our findings support a novel signalling mechanism that involves a functional coupling between extrasynaptic NMDARs and A‐type K+ channels, which is influenced by local astrocytes. We show this signalling complex to play an important role in modulating hypothalamic neuronal excitability, which may contribute to adaptive responses during a sustained osmotic challenge such as dehydration.
Genome Sequence of Serratia plymuthica V4
Authors: Cleto S. , Van der Auwera G. , Almeida C. , Vieira M. J. , Vlamakis H. , Kolter R. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Serratia
spp. are gammaproteobacteria and members of the family
Enterobacteriaceae
. Here, we announce the genome sequence of
Serratia plymuthica
strain V4, which produces the siderophore serratiochelin and antimicrobial compounds.
Complete Genome of the Attenuated Sparfloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strain 138spar
Authors: Pridgeon Julia W. , Zhang Dunhua , Zhang Lee 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Through the selection of resistance to sparfloxacin, an attenuated
Streptococcus agalactiae
strain, 138spar, was obtained from its virulent parent strain,
S. agalactiae
138P. The full genome of
S. agalactiae
138spar is 1,838,126 bp. This genome will allow comparative genomics to identify genes associated with virulence, antibiotic resistance, or other characteristics.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bordetella bronchiseptica S798, an Isolate from a Pig with Atrophic Rhinitis
Authors: Okada Keisuke , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Abe Akio , Kuwae Asaomi , Horiguchi Yasuhiko , Abe Hiroyuki 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Bordetella bronchiseptica
colonizes the respiratory tracts of a wide variety of mammals and causes a range of diseases, from lethal pneumonia to asymptomatic chronic infection. We report the complete genome sequence of
Bordetella bronchiseptica
strain S798, isolated from a pig with atrophic rhinitis in Japan.
Complete Genome Sequences of Noncoding Regions of Korean Equine H3N8 Influenza Virus
Authors: Na Woonsung , Hong Minki , Yeom Minju , Kim Sanghyun , Kim Jeong-Ki , Song Daesub 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
We analyzed the complete genome sequence containing the 3′ and 5′ noncoding regions (NCRs) of the Korean H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), which will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of EIV.
Comparative efficacy and safety of treatments for localised prostate cancer: an application of network meta-analysis
Authors: Xiong Tengbin , Turner Rebecca M , Wei Yinghui , Neal David E , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Higgins Julian P T 
Published: May 2014

ContextThere is ongoing uncertainty about the optimal management of patients with localised prostate cancer.ObjectiveTo evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of different treatments for patients with localised prostate cancer.DesignSystematic review with Bayesian network meta-analysis to estimate comparative ORs, and a score (0–100%) that, for a given outcome, reflects average rank order of superiority of each treatment compared against all others, using the Surface Under the Cumulative RAnking curve (SUCRA) statistic.Data sourcesElectronic searches of MEDLINE without language restriction.Study selectionRandomised trials comparing the efficacy and safety of different primary treatments (48 papers from 21 randomised trials included 7350 men).Data extraction2 reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias.ResultsComparative efficacy and safety evidence was available for prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy (different types and regimens), observational management and cryotherapy, but not high-intensity focused ultrasound. There was no evidence of superiority for any of the compared treatments in respect of all-cause mortality after 5 years. Cryotherapy was associated with less gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity than radiotherapy (SUCRA: 99% and 77% for gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity, respectively).ConclusionsThe limited available evidence suggests that different treatments may be optimal for different efficacy and safety outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of informed patient choice and shared decision-making about treatment modality and acceptable trade-offs between different outcomes. More trial evidence is required to reduce uncertainty. Network meta-analysis may be useful to optimise the power of evidence synthesis studies once data from new randomised controlled studies in this field are published in the future.
Non-cancer morbidity among Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Rahu Kaja , Bromet Evelyn J , Hakulinen Timo , Auvinen Anssi , Uusküla Anneli , Rahu Mati 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo examine non-cancer morbidity in the Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers cohort compared with the population sample with special attention to radiation-related diseases and mental health disorders.DesignRegister-based cohort study.SettingEstonia.ParticipantsAn exposed cohort of 3680 men (cleanup workers) and an unexposed cohort of 7631 men (population sample) were followed from 2004 to 2012 through the Population Registry and Health Insurance Fund database.MethodsMorbidity in the exposed cohort compared with the unexposed controls was estimated in terms of rate ratio (RR) with 95% CIs using Poisson regression models.ResultsElevated morbidity in the exposed cohort was found for diseases of the nervous system, digestive system, musculoskeletal system, ischaemic heart disease and for external causes. The most salient excess risk was observed for thyroid diseases (RR=1.69; 95% CI 1.38 to 2.07), intentional self-harm (RR=1.47; 95% CI 1.04 to 2.09) and selected alcohol-related diagnoses (RR=1.25; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.39). No increase in morbidity for stress reactions, depression, headaches or sleep disorders was detected.ConclusionsNo obvious excess morbidity consistent with biological effects of radiation was seen in the exposed cohort, with the possible exception of benign thyroid diseases. Increased alcohol-induced morbidity may reflect alcohol abuse, and could underlie some of the higher morbidity rates. Mental disorders in the exposed cohort were probably under-reported. The future challenge will be to study mental and physical comorbidities in the Chernobyl cleanup workers cohort.