bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Action of Capsular Polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Antibody Response
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Nakashima Izumi , Ohta Michio 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe neutral fraction (neutral CPS‐K) of Klebsiella pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (CPS‐K) from type 1, Kasuya strain, has already been reported as the active substance responsible for the strong adjuvant effect of CPS‐K. The present results demonstrate that neutral CPS‐K exhibits further common biological activities with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Salmonella enteritidis. The intensity of the lethality in mice of neutral CPS‐K by the intraperitoneal route is very similar to that of LPS. Its lethality for mice by the intravenous (i.v.) route is significantly stronger than that of LPS, because the degree of increase in the sensitivity to their lethality by i.v. challenge is smaller for LPS than for neutral CPS‐K. The intensity of the pyrogenicity of neutral CPS‐K in rabbits is approximately one‐tenth of that of LPS as judged by the minimal pyrogenic doses and fever indices. The skin‐preparatory potency of neutral CPS‐K for the dermal Shwartzman phenomenon in rabbits is also approximately one‐tenth of that of LPS compared on the basis of the minimal skin‐preparatory doses. When injected i.v., neutral CPS‐K exhibits a provocative effect on hemorrhagic reactions in skin sites prepared with neutral CPS‐K or LPS.
Studies on Delayed Hypersensitivity of Antigens Isolated from Mycoplasma pneumoniae Cells
Authors: Suzuki Masuko , Hayashi Yoshiro , Arai Sumio , Kumagai Katsuo 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTCells of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mac strain were fractionated into acetone‐soluble and insoluble fractions. Acetone‐insoluble fractions were digested with pronase and further purified by chromatography on Sephadex G‐75, yielding three water‐soluble fractions which were free from lipid and consisted mainly of polysaccharide‐protein complex. All these water‐soluble fractions possessed eliciting antigenicity to delayed hypersensitivity for M. pneumoniae as measured by skin reactions and macrophage migration inhibition tests, but not to complement‐fixing antibodies. In contrast, the acetone‐soluble fraction was reactive with the complement‐fixing antibodies but not for the delayed hypersensitivity.
Preferential Phosphorylation of NP‐Protein of Influenza A2 Virus by Virion‐Associated Protein Kinase
Authors: Sugiyama Kazuo , Kamada Tohru , Shimizu Kazufumi , Watanabe Yasushi 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTInfluenza A2 virions were found to contain protein kinase activity which was stimulated, like in other virion‐associated kinases, with Mg++ and Nonidet‐P 40 but not with cyclic AMP. The kinase phosphorylated only the NP‐protein fraction of the influenza virions in the in vitro reaction. In contrast, none of the influenza virion proteins were phosphorylated significantly during the process of virus production in infected chorioallantoic membranes, The in vitro and in vivo phosphorylations of influenza viral proteins were compared with those of Sendai virus (HVJ).
Transition in the Character of Immunological Memory in Mice after Immunization
Authors: Takaoki Muneo , Kawaguchi Susumu , Katsura Yoshimoto , Muramatsu Shigeru 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe immunological memory in antibody response of mice to bovine serum albumin was investigated at the level of IgM and IgG antibody‐forming cells. The antigen at a dose much lower than required for eliciting a detectable level of the primary antibody response could latently activate the immune machinery to an extent adequate for specific recall, whereas higher doses of antigen were effective in evoking strong anamnestic response. The potentiality to develop the anamnestic response was found even in the latent phase of the primary antibody response and was maintained for more than 2 months. The immunological memory acquired in an early phase after the primary immunization mainly involved IgM antibody response and late memory concerned IgG response.
Immune Response against Hamster Erythrocytes in the Low‐Responder Mouse Strains
Authors: Nomoto Kikuo , Harada Tatsushi , Koyanagi Rieko , Hosoi Masaharu , Takeya Kenji 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTEnhancing and suppressing effects of microbial adjuvants were studied in female mice of the C3H/He, AKR and SL strains. Propionibacterium acnes, Bordetella pertussis, BCG and yeast cell wall (YCW) were chosen as adjuvants. As antigens, we chose hamster erythrocytes (HRBC) which proved to be a weak antigen for mice. Adjuvants were given on day —7, day 0 or day 3, and HRBC were injected on day 0. The results were as follows. 1) P. acnes facilitated IgM and IgG antibody production in AKR mice and suppressed IgM antibody production in SL mice, when given on day —7. When P. acnes was given on day 0, they suppressed IgM antibody production in all of the strains used. 2) When B. pertussis was given on day 0, it exhibited enhancing effects on IgG antibody production in all of the strains and a suppressing effect on IgM antibody production in SL mice. 3) BCG suppressed IgM antibody production in all strains when given on day 0. 4) YCW showed no influence on antibody production in any combination used in this work. 5) SL mice were very sensitive to suppressing effects by adjuvants. Strain differences in the expression of enhancing and suppressing effects by adjuvants appear to be under some control independent of antigen‐specific immune response genes.
Inhibition of Intracellular Multiplication of Adenovirus by Interaction between Infected and Uninfected Cells
Authors: Imai Masao , Hamada Chuya , Uetake Hisao 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe possibility that virus multiplication may be inhibited by interaction of infected cells with uninfected cells was tested by experiments, using human adenovirus type 12 (Ad 12). Permissive human cells (human embryonic kidney = HEK, KB or HeLa) were infected and seeded on uninfected or infected “nonpermissive” cell (human embryonic lung = HEL) monolayers, and virus yields or proportions of viral antigen‐synthesizing cells were compared with each other. Both the virus yields and the proportions of viral antigen‐positive cells were not reduced significantly when seeded on infected HEL cells, while when seeded on uninfected HEL cells both of them were reduced remarkably, compared with the yield and the proportion of controls seeded on glass. Similar results were obtained regardless of the type of permissive cells, HEK, KB, or HeLa. Similar reduction of the yield was observed when seeded on HEL cells infected with Ad 12 inactivated by heat or by antiserum, and partial reduction was observed when seeded on HEL cells infected with UV‐inactivated Ad 12, depending on the extent of UV dosis. These experiments showed that intracellular virus multiplication may be inhibited by interaction of infected cells with uninfected cells, and this may be due to the difference in the cell surface structure.
Mechanisms of the Adjuvant Effect of Nystatin on In Vitro Antibody Response of Mouse Spleen Cells
Authors: Ishikawa Hiromich , Narimatsu Hisashi , Saito Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdjuvanticity of nystatin, one of the polyenic antifungal antibiotics having as its primary target the membrane sterol of eukaryotic cells, was investigated by examining its effect on several functions of mouse spleen cells relevant to immunological phenomena in vitro. Nystatin was found to stimulate significantly DNA synthesis in thymus‐independent (B) cells but not in thymus‐dependent (T) cells. Like the other B‐cell mitogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), nystatin elicited nonspecifically polyclonal antibody synthesis in mouse spleen cell cultures, and also restored antibody response of T cell‐deficient spleen cells of congenitally athymic nude mice to heterologous erythrocytes (RBC; thymus‐dependent antigen). Thus, nystatin and LPS appeared to cause similar changes in the functions of spleen cells relevant to immunological events. However, antagonism but no additive effect in the adjuvanticity was revealed between the two adjuvants. As an interesting finding, the polyclonal generation of anti‐RBC antibody‐forming cells (AFC) in the spleen cell cultures by stimulation with B‐cell mitogen, i.e., either nystatin or LPS, was not inhibited at all by inclusion of any anti‐RBC antiserum, whereas, as is well known, the generation of AFC by stimulation with the antigen was specifically suppressed by the corresponding antiserum, indicating a difference in the genesis between the mitogen‐induced AFC and the antigen‐induced AFC.
Difference in Genesis between Antigen‐Induced IgM Antibody‐Forming Cells and B‐Cell Mitogen‐Induced IgM Antibody‐Forming Cells in Mouse Spleen Cell Cultures
Authors: Ishikawa Hiromichi , Imanishi Kenichi , Saito Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTo determine the mechanisms in the triggering of thymus‐independent lymphocytes (B cells) for development into antibody‐forming cells (AFC), genesis of IgM AFC elicited polyclonally by nonspecific stimulation with B‐cell mitogen, such as nystatin and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, was compared with that of IgM AFC specifically elicited by antigenic stimulation, using mouse spleen cell cultures as an experimental system and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as a test antigen. Considering that differentiation and proliferation are necessary cellular events for precursor B cells to develop into AFC, the effect of different antimetabolic agents on the generation of each type of AFC in spleen cell cultures was examined. The generation of anti‐SRBC IgM hemolysin plaque‐forming cells (PFC) in B‐cell mitogen‐stimulated spleen cell cultures was found to be less susceptible to X‐irradiation or mitomycin C than that in the SRBC‐stimulated cultures. These apparently paradoxical results were affiirmed using colcemid as an inhibitor of cell mitosis and hydroxyurea (HU) as an inhibitor of cellular DNA synthesis. Thus, when spleen cell cultures responding to either SRBC or B‐cell mitogen were exposed to colcemid or HU during a period from 2 days to 3 days after the stimulation, the exponential generation of anti‐SRBC IgM PFC in the cultures responding to SRBC was completely halted, whereas that in the cultures responding to B‐cell mitogen was not. Furthermore, N6, O2′ ‐dibutyryl adenosine 3′, 5′ ‐cyclic monophosphoric acid was found to halt the exponential generation of antigen‐induced anti‐SRBC IgM PFC but not that of the B‐cell mitogen‐induced anti‐SRBC IgM PFC. From these results it was suggested that B‐cell mitogen might stimulate precursor Bμ cells at a late stage in the differentiative pathway to develop into AFC without cell division, and that antigenic stimulation might stimulate relatively primitive precursor Bμ cells to proliferate and then differentiate into AFC. Based on this idea, mechanisms in the triggering of B‐cell activation are discussed.
Toxin Isolation from a Kanagawa‐Phenomenon Negative Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Sochard M.R. , Colwell R.R. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProduction of a toxin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus Kanagawa‐phenomenon negative strains was examined. Ammonium sulfate fractions of broth culture filtrates were dialyzed, concentrated by lyophilization, and tested for toxic effects by mouse intraperitoneal injection. One fraction, which we think is a toxin, was isolated from a broth culture filtrate of V. parahaemolyticus FC 1011 (a Kanagawa‐phenomenon negative strain) and consistently produced lethal effects in mice at high concentrations and diarrhea in lower concentrations. The toxin was assayed for mouse LD50 and ability to produce diarrhea via forced feeding in mice. V. parahaemolyticus FC 1011 toxin was found to be protein, to be inactivated by heat or trypsin hydrolysis, and to produce positive skin permeability reactions in rabbits. However, it failed to induce fluid accumulation in ligated ileal loops in rabbits.
Antigenic Variation of Poliovirus Caused by Antibody Components with Different Specificities
Authors: Urasawa Shozo , Ishizawa Fumihiko , Urasawa Tomoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe possible role of antibody as a selective pressure on antigenic mutants of poliovirus in nature was investigated in vitro. A mutant resistant to a monospecific antibody with a definite specificity was readily obtained by several cycles of neutralization of Mahoney strain with a monospecific antibody and multiplication in monkey kidney (MS) cells. Mutants resistant to more than two different monospecific antibodies were also readily obtained in a similar manner. Studies on the antigenicity of these mutants by kinetic neutralization tests revealed that the Mahoney strain underwent a progressive serological variation as it became successively resistant to one to five different monospecific antibodies isolated from anti‐Mahoney serum.
Induction and Properties of DNP‐Specifie T Cells in Mice Sensitized to DNP‐Coupled Mycobacterium
Authors: Hirai Yoshikatsu , Kishimoto Tadamitsu , Suemura Masaki , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSplenic T lymphocytes from mice sensitized to 100 μg of DNP‐coupled mycobacterium (DNP‐Tbc) showed in vitro proliferative response against DNP‐or TNP‐conjugated protein antigens. The increased uptake of 3H‐thymidine induced by DNP‐HSA was partially inhibited by the addition of 10–4M DNP‐EACA. DNP‐AECM‐Ficoll did not induce any significant proliferative responses in DNP‐Tbc‐primed T cell population. However, priming with DNP‐Tbc augmented anti‐DNP IgG antibody response induced with DNP‐Ficoll. The augmentation of IgG response was not due to the presence of DNP‐primed B cells or anti‐DNP antibody. The results showed that the priming with DNP‐Tbc induced DNP‐reactive T helper cells which could be triggered with DNP‐Ficoll. The possible role of mycobacterium in the induction of hapten‐specific T helper cells is discussed.
Studies on the Pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Une Tsutomu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractComparative studies on pathogenicity between Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were performed using experimental infection systems in vivo and in vitro.All of thestra ins of both species successfully produced experimental enterocolitis in rabbits although the severity varied with the strains challenged. The changes were characterized by granulomatous lesions with necrobiotic centers in reticuloendothelial tissues of the intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen.These strains uniformly had the ability to penetrate HeLa cells and to survive or multiply within cultured rabbit peritoneal macrophages.In addition, in infections with strain TP‐2 or PST‐III of Y. pseudotuberculosis, catarrhal inflammation all over the small intestine and/or focal necrosis and parenchymatous degeneration in the liver were observed, along with the granulomatous lesions. These strains, at the same time, exhibited cytotoxic effects on the cultured cells.The pathogenic factors of Y. enterocolitica are discussed in comparison with those of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
Effects of Lectins on the Hemolysis of Rabbit Erythrocytes by Staphylococcal Alpha Toxin
Authors: Kato Iwao , Sakoda Keiko , Saito Masaru , Suzuki Yoshie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWhen concanavalin A (1 μg/ml) or wheat germ agglutinin (2 μg/ml) was preincubated with a suspension of 2% rabbit erythrocytes for 5 min at 20 C, the binding of [125I]‐labeled staphylococcal alpha toxin to these erythrocytes was greatly inhibited and the hemolytic action of alpha toxin was decreased. The inhibitory effect of concanavalin A on hemolysis by alpha toxin was completely reversed in the presence of 0.1 M α‐methyl‐D‐glucoside or α‐methyl‐D‐mannoside. Phytohemagglutinin‐P from Phaseolus vulgaris and soybean agglutinin inhibited hemolysis by the toxin at concentrations exceeding 20 μg/ml.The effect of concanavalin A on alpha‐toxin hemolysis was studied further to ascertain the nature of the inhibition. Double reciprocal plots were made of hemolysis against alpha toxin concentrations, and the data suggested that inhibition of the initial rate of the hemolysis by concanavalin A is competitive in nature. This was probably due to an interaction with the alpha toxin binding sites on the cell membrane surface.
Electron Microscopic Study of Hemadsorption on Vaccinia Virus Infected Cells
Authors: Saburi Yasuo , Okuda Kenji , Takahashi Toyozoh , Tadokoro Ichiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractHemadsorption (HAD) induced in HEp‐2 cells infected with vaccinia virus was observed. In ultrathin sections, binding of 36 red blood cells (RBCs) was examined in detail and 3 types of HAD were observed: (1) direct and close binding of RBCs to infected HEp‐2 cells (cyto‐HAD) was observed in cross sections of 27 RBCs, (2) binding of RBCs through microvilli of infected cells was found in 11 RBCs, and (3) five RBCs were distorted to form tentacle‐like projections by which they were bound to the HEp‐2 cell surface. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that more than 30% of the RBCs were bound to microvilli of vaccinia virus‐infected HEp‐2 cells, and that the number of microvilli twined round each RBC was over ten. RBCs were attached to certain microvilli through swollen sucker‐like tips which were not observable in non‐infected HEp‐2 cells. RBCs sometimes revealed a polygonal shape at regions of binding to microvilli. Virion‐mediated RBC‐HEp‐2 cell binding could not be observed.
Immunological Properties of Vibrio cholerae Lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Nakano Masayasu , Tanabe Masao J. , Hori Hideko , Kondo Seiichi , Hisatsune Kazuhito 
Published: November 2013

AbstractImmunological effects of wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations obtained from Vibrio cholerae Inaba 569B, Ogawa NIH 41 and NAG 4715 strains by the hot phenol‐water procedure were examined in mice. Although these LPS lack KDO, which are basic components of the core region of most gram‐negative LPS, they still have potencies as B‐cell mitogens, adjuvants, immunosuppressants, polyclonal B‐cell activators and phagocytic stimulants for macrophages. The activities of these V. cholerae LPS on murine immune system seemed to be weaker than those of Salmonella typhimurium LT2‐LPS. Among these V. cholerae LPS, NAG 4715‐LPS showed the strongest mitogenic activity and phagocytic stimulation, while the potencies of this NAG 4715‐LPS for the induction of polyclonal B cell activation, adjuvant effects and immunosuppression did not seem to be greater to those of the other LPS.
Temperature Sensitive R Plasmids Isolated from Proteus Strains
Authors: Odakura Yoshihiro , Hashimoto Hajime , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOut of 32 R plasmids isolated from Proteus strains, 17 were found to be temperature sensitive with respect to inheritance in E. coli cells. They were fi– and classified into incompatibility group T or V. Cells carrying T group Rms273 plasmid were temperature sensitive with respect to growth and conjugal transfer in both E. coli and Proteus. The V group YOR‐10 plasmid was stable in Proteus even at 42 C. However, the loss frequency of YOR‐10 plasmid in E. coli reached 100% after 4 hr of incubation at 42 C, in spite of stable inheritance at 25 C. Conjugal transfer of the YOR‐10 plasmid in E. coli was also strongly inhibited at 42 C. It has been concluded that instability of V group R plasmids in E. coli is due to their thermosensitive inheritance in the progeny cells at high temperatures.
Studies on the Minimum Reproducible Unit of Staphylococcal L‐Forms
Authors: Okuda Kenji , Takahashi Toyozoh , Tadokoro Ichiro , Eda Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe minimum size of a reproducible unit of staphylococcal L‐forms was determined by filtration and electron microscopic methods. Ultrathin sections of an induced strain of Staphylococcal L‐forms (STA‐EMT‐1) in liquid medium revealed several types of structures, all of which were bound by a single membrane and most of which possessed ribosome‐like granules. Many of the small granules were less than 0.3 μm and were attached to the membrane of the large bodies. Using a serial filtration method, it was observed that viable L‐forms were still detected in 0.22 μm filtrate, but the viable cell count of L‐forms decreased in number with the decrease in pore size of membrane filters. A fractionation technique, using L‐forms filtered through a membrane filter with a 0.45 μm pore size, revealed that there were three classes of small bodies but only the first class with ribosome‐like granules over approximately 0.2 μm in diameter seems to be able to reproduce.
Immunological Properties of Propionibacterium Acnes
Authors: Nagoya Takao , Kobayashi Fujio , Nomoto Kikuo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAdjuvant activity of phenol‐treated cells of Propionibacterium acnes C‐7 in antibody response was investigated in ICR mice. Simultaneous administration (day 0) of P. acnes (i.p.) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (i.v.) enhanced the formation of direct plaque‐forming cells (PFC) on day 2, and the formation of indirect PFC response on day 7 and thereafter. Conversely, pretreatment from 11 to 14 days before antigen injection suppressed markedly the antibody response. The potentiation and the suppression of immune response depended on doses of antigen and of P. acnes, the timing of adjuvant injection and the time of assay. The two opposite phenomena caused by P. acnes were also confirmed in antibody response against hamster red blood cells (HRBC). Pretreatment with P. acnes 1 to 14 days before antigen injection suppressed markedly anti‐HRBC antibody response, whereas P. acnes injected simultaneously with HRBC or one day after injection of the antigen induced prolongation of antibody response and the production of 2‐mercaptoethanol‐resistant antibody.
In Vivo Formation of Transmissible Resistance Factor by Recombination between Nontrans‐missible Resistance Factor and Col B Factor
Authors: Kameda Mitsuo , Suzuki Kaname , Mitsuhashi Susumu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractGerm‐free swine were artificially contaminated with tetracycline (TC) sensitive strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. One of these strains, E. coli 3306, was infected with a plasmid carrying kanamycin (KM) resistance, i.e., T‐kan factor. Another strain, E. coli P‐5, carried a conjugally transferable Col B factor. Among the nine strains used, only E. coli P‐38 became TC‐resistant after TC administration. Three types of TC‐resistant E. coli P‐38 strains were found; (a) one strain carried nontransferable TC resistance and could not produce colicin, (b) one strain carried TC resistance with a high transmission frequency which could not produce colicin, and (c) one strain carried TC resistance with a low transmission frequency that could produce colicin B. Genetic studies disclosed that the transmissible TC resistance factors, i.e., Rms105 (group b) and Rms104 (group c), were formed by recombination between Col B factor and nontransmissible TC‐resistance (let) determinant which appeared in E. coli P‐38 mutants.