bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BEA: Building Engaging Argumentation
Authors: Aicher Annalena , Weber Klaus , André Elisabeth , Minker Wolfgang , Ultes Stefan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExchanging arguments and knowledge in conversations is an intuitive way for humans to form opinions and reconcile opposing viewpoints. The vast amount of information available on the internet, often accessed through search engines, presents a considerable challenge. Managing and filtering this overwhelming wealth of data raises the potential for intellectual isolation. This can stem either from personalized searches that create “filter bubbles” by considering a user’s history and preferences, or from the intrinsic, albeit unconscious, tendency of users to seek information that aligns with their existing beliefs, forming “self-imposed filter bubbles”.To address this issue, we introduce a model aimed at engaging the user in a critical examination of presented arguments and propose the use of a virtual agent engaging in a deliberative dialogue with human users to facilitate a fair and unbiased opinion formation. Our experiments have demonstrated the success of these models and their implementation. As a result, this work offers valuable insights for the design of future cooperative argumentative dialogue systems.
ArgServices: A Microservice-Based Architecture for Argumentation Machines
Authors: Lenz Mirko , Dumani Lorik , Schenkel Ralf , Bergmann Ralph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArgumentation is ubiquitous, and the development of argumentation machines could greatly assist humans in managing and navigating argumentation. However, the development of such systems is hindered by the lack of common standards and suitable tools, leading to ad-hoc solutions with little reuse value. Towards a more unified approach, we present an extensible microservice-based architecture for argumentation machines. Being built on the established gRPC framework, it provides strongly typed interfaces for the following services: (i) Argument Mining, (ii) Case-Based Reasoning on Arguments, (iii) Argument Retrieval and Ranking, and (iv) Quality Assessment of Arguments. Our system is designed to be extensible, allowing for easy integration of new tasks. We demonstrate the feasibility of our architecture via a proof-of-concept implementation and provide additional supplementary resources, such as a REST API gateway. Our contributions are publicly available on GitHub under the permissive MIT license.
Cluster-Specific Rule Mining for Argumentation-Based Classification
Authors: Klein Jonas , Kuhlmann Isabelle , Thimm Matthias 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe present a multi-step classification approach that combines classical machine learning methods with computational models for argumentation. In the first step, the dataset is divided into different groups using a clustering algorithm. In the second step, we employ rule-learning algorithms to extract frequent patterns and rules from each resulting cluster. In the last step, we interpret the rules as the input for structured argumentation approaches. Given a new observation, we first assign it to one of the previously generated clusters. Subsequently, the classification of the observation is determined by formulating arguments based on the respective cluster-specific rules for the different classes. Finally, the justification status of the arguments is determined using the argumentative inference method of the structured argumentation approach.
On the symmetry TFT of Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Argurio Riccardo , Benini Francesco , Bertolini Matteo , Galati Giovanni , Niro Pierluigi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Three-dimensional Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory has the peculiar property that its one-form symmetry defects have nontrivial braiding, namely they are charged under the same symmetry they generate, which is then anomalous. This poses a few puzzles in describing the corresponding Symmetry TFT in a four-dimensional bulk. First, the braiding between lines at the boundary seems to be ill-defined when such lines are pulled into the bulk. Second, the Symmetry TFT appears to be too trivial to allow for topological boundary conditions encoding all the different global variants. We show that both of these puzzles can be solved by including endable (tubular) surfaces in the class of bulk topological operators one has to consider. In this way, we are able to reproduce all global variants of the theory, with their symmetries and their anomalies. We check the validity of our proposal also against a top-down holographic realization of the same class of theories.
Life is better but not without challenges: experiences following discharge from community-based residential mental health rehabilitation–a qualitative content analysis
Authors: Parker Stephen , Chapman Maddison , Wyder Marianne , Pommeranz Matthew , Walgers Rebecca , Dark Frances , Meurk Carla 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Community-based residential mental health rehabilitation units for people experiencing severe and persistent mental illness are increasingly available in Australia. Research completed 20 years ago suggested that people leaving these services often experienced impoverished social lives and other challenges in the community. It is unclear whether contemporary consumers experience similar difficulties. This qualitative study explored contemporary consumers’ experiences after leaving community-based residential services.

Methods
An inductive qualitative content analysis of individual interviews was completed with consumers 12–18 months following discharge from three community care units (CCUs) in Queensland, Australia. The interview schedule explored three questions: (1) What does life look like after leaving the CCU, (2) Has the CCU impacted their life, and (3) How could the CCU experience be improved? A convenience sample was used, with sampling continuing until thematic saturation was achieved. A member of the research team who had relevant lived experience actively supported the analysis and interpretation.

Results
Seventeen interviews were completed. Three themes were identified: ‘life is better but not without challenges’, ‘the CCU helps you get ready to go out into the world’, and ‘strict rules are important but rigid expectations can be hard; things could be better’.

Conclusion
Consumers reflected positively on their lives post-discharge from a community-based residential rehabilitation unit and viewed the service as having supported improvements in their lives. The findings suggest the appropriateness of optimism about the possibility of sustained improvements in quality of life after leaving community-based transitional residential rehabilitation support.
The PATCH study: Prevalence of Hearing Loss During Ageing and Treatment Choices in Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Haumann Sara Kretzschmar , Sørensen Jesper Roed , Schmidt Jesper Hvass , Folkestad Lars 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of rare hereditary collagen disorders. Hearing loss (HL) is a known complication linked to changes in the bones of the middle ear seen in OI. We aimed to determine the prevalence, age at debut, incidence, and risk of HL, surgery on bones of the middle ear, and use of hearing aids. A Danish nationwide, register-based cohort study. Data were extracted from the Danish National Patient register. Anyone with an OI diagnosis between January 1st 1977 and December 31st 2018, matched 1:5 with a reference population (Ref.Pop) on birthyear and sex, were included. 864 persons (487 women) with OI were included in the study and 4276 (2330 women) in the Ref.Pop. The sub-hazard ratio (SHR) for any HL was 4.56 [95% CI 3.64–5.71], with a prevalence of 17.0% and 4.0% in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop. Median age at debut was 42 and 58 years, respectively. The risk of otosclerosis and/or surgery was higher in the OI cohort (SHR 22.51 [95% CI 12.62–40.14]), with a median age at debut of 43 and 32 years in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop, respectively. Hearing aid use was more frequent in the OI cohort (SHR 4.16 [95% CI 3.21–5.40]) than in the Ref.Pop. The median age at debut was 45 and 60 years in the OI cohort and Ref.Pop, respectively. Persons with OI have a higher risk and prevalence of HL, hearing aids, and surgery, debuting younger, and prevalence increases with age.
Radiation exposure and screening yield by digital breast tomosynthesis compared to mammography: results of the TOSYMA Trial breast density related
Authors: Sommer Alexander , Weigel Stefanie , Hense Hans-Werner , Gerß Joachim , Weyer-Elberich Veronika , Kerschke Laura , Nekolla Elke , Lenzen Horst , Heindel Walter ,   for the TOSYMA Screening Trial Study Group, Heindel Walter , Weigel Stefanie , Gerß Joachim , Hense Hans-Werner , Hecht Gerold , Sommer Alexander , Lenzen Horst , Czwoydzinski Jörg 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The randomized TOmosynthesis plus SYnthesized MAmmography (TOSYMA) screening trial has shown that digital breast tomosynthesis plus synthesized mammography (DBT + SM) is superior to digital mammography (DM) in invasive breast cancer detection varying with breast density. On the other hand, the overall average glandular dose (AGD) of DBT is higher than that of DM. Comparing the DBT + SM and DM trial arm, we analyzed here the mean AGD and their determinants per breast density category and related them to the respective invasive cancer detection rates (iCDR).

Methods
TOSYMA screened 99,689 women aged 50 to 69 years. Compression force, resulting breast thickness, the calculated AGD obtained from each mammography device, and previously published iCDR were used for comparisons across breast density categories in the two trial arms.

Results
There were 196,622 exposures of 49,227 women (DBT + SM) and 197,037 exposures of 49,132 women (DM) available for analyses. Mean breast thicknesses declined from breast density category A (fatty) to D (extremely dense) in both trial arms. However, while the mean AGD in the DBT + SM arm declined concomitantly from category A (2.41 mGy) to D (1.89 mGy), it remained almost unchanged in the DM arm (1.46 and 1.51 mGy, respectively). In relative terms, the AGD elevation in the DBT + SM arm (64.4% (A), by 44.5% (B), 27.8% (C), and 26.0% (D)) was lowest in dense breasts where, however, the highest iCDR were observed.

Conclusion
Women with dense breasts may specifically benefit from DBT + SM screening as high cancer detection is achieved with only moderate AGD elevations.

Clinical relevance statement
TOSYMA suggests a favorable constellation for screening with digital breast tomosynthesis plus synthesized mammography (DBT + SM) in dense breasts when weighing average glandular dose elevation against raised invasive breast cancer detection rates. There is potential for density-, i.e., risk-adapted population-wide breast cancer screening with DBT + SM.

Key Points

Breast thickness declines with visually increasing density in digital mammography (DM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT).

Average glandular doses of DBT decrease with increasing density; digital mammography shows lower and more constant values.

With the smallest average glandular dose difference in dense breasts, DBT plus SM had the highest difference in invasive breast cancer detection rates.
Assessing anorectal function in patients with recurrent ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wu Qiaoyan , Li Tongyu , Deng Fenglian , Yao Xuejie , Chen Xueqin , Jiang Qi , Ding Xiaoyun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease with an unclear etiology that can lead to irreversible changes in distal colonic function in chronic patients. This study investigated anorectal function in recurrent UC patients and identified influencing factors.

Methods
This prospective study enrolled 33 recurrent UC patients and 40 newly diagnosed patients from January 2019 to December 2022. Data collection included clinical records, scores, and anorectal function assessments. Regression analyses were used to identify factors impacting anorectal function.

Results
Recurrent UC patients had higher baseline CRP and fecal calprotectin levels, increased anxiety and depression, and more severe fecal incontinence. They also had lower BMIs, serum Hb and albumin (ALB) levels, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire scores than did initial-onset UC patients. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that long disease duration (coef. − 0.376, P < 0.001) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.656, P < 0.001) independently influenced the initial sensation threshold in recurrent UC patients. Additionally, high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.073, P = 0.013) and high Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score (coef. − 0.489, P = 0.001) were identified as two independent determinants of the defecation volume threshold. For the defecation urgency threshold, the independent factors included high disease duration (coef. − 0.358, P = 0.017) and high fecal calprotectin level (coef. − 0.499, P = 0.001). Similarly, the sole independent factor identified for the maximum capacity threshold was high fecal calprotectin (coef. − 0.691, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Recurrent UC patients had increased rectal sensitivity and compromised anorectal function, which significantly impacted quality of life. Proactively managing the disease, reducing UC relapses, and addressing anxiety are effective measures for improving anorectal function in these patients.
Activation of the interleukin-23/Th17 axis in major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moulton Calum D. , Malys Mantas , Hopkins Christopher W. P. , Rokakis Anna S. , Young Allan H. , Powell Nick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe interleukin-23/Th17 axis is a promising modifiable target for depression. However, its association with depression has not been systematically evaluated. We systematically searched four databases (EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed and PsycINFO) for studies comparing patients with major depression and healthy controls for plasma/serum levels of Th17 cells and their canonical cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-22, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). We also compared counts of Th1, Th2 and Th9 cells between depressed/non-depressed patients and their respective canonical cytokines. We performed random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in immune measures between groups. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Of 3154 studies screened, 36 studies were included in meta-analysis. Patients with depression had elevated IL-17A compared to controls (SMD = 0.80 [95% CI 0.03 to 1.58], p = 0.042), an association moderated by antidepressant use (Z = 2.12, p = 0.034). Patients with depression had elevated GM-CSF (SMD = 0.54 [95% CI 0.16 to 0.91], p = 0.0047), and a trend towards higher Th17 counts (SMD = 0.44 [− 0.01 to 0.88], p = 0.052). Whilst the Th2-associated cytokine IL-5 was elevated in depression (SMD = 0.36 [95% CI 0.05 to 0.66], p = 0.02), Th2 cell counts (p = 0.97), Th1 cell counts (p = 0.17) and interferon-γ (p = 0.22) were not. Data for Th9 cells, IL-9 and IL-22 were insufficient for meta-analysis. Respectively, 22, 25 and 5 studies were good, fair and poor in quality. Patients with major depression show peripheral over-activation of the IL-23/Th17 axis. Future interventional studies should test whether this is a modifiable target for depression.
Duplicated Heschl’s gyrus associations with phonological decoding
Authors: Eckert Mark A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe reason(s) for why a complete duplication of the left hemisphere Heschl’s gyrus (HG) has been observed in people with reading disability are unclear. This study was designed to replicate and advance understanding of the HG and phonological decoding association, as well as test competing hypotheses that this HG duplication association is specifically localized to the HG or could be due to co-occurring atypical development of other brain regions that support reading and language development. Participants were selected on the basis of having a duplicated left hemisphere HG (N = 96) or a single HG (N = 96) and matched according to age, sex, and research site in this multi-site study. Duplicated and single HG morphology specific templates were created to determine the extent to which HG sizes were related to phonological decoding within each HG morphology group. The duplicated HG group had significantly lower phonological decoding (F = 4.48, p = 0.04) but not verbal IQ (F = 1.39, p = 0.41) compared to the single HG group. In addition, larger HG were significantly associated with lower phonological decoding in the duplicated HG group, with effects driven by the size of the lateral HG after controlling for age, sex, research site, and handedness (ps < 0.05). Brain regions that exhibited structural covariance with HG did not clearly explain the HG and phonological decoding associations. Together, the results suggest that presence of a duplicated HG indicates some risk for lower phonological decoding ability compared to verbal IQ, but the reason(s) for this association remain unclear.
IGF-1 induces sex-specific oxidative damage and mortality in a songbird
Authors: Lendvai Ádám Z. , Tóth Zsófia , Mahr Katharina , Pénzes Janka , Vogel-Kindgen Sarah , Gander Bruno A. , Vágási Csongor I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a pleiotropic hormone that regulates essential life-history traits and is known for its major contribution to determining individual ageing processes. High levels of IGF-1 have been linked to increased mortality and are hypothesised to cause oxidative stress. This effect has been observed in laboratory animals, but whether it pertains to wild vertebrates has not been tested. This is surprising because studying the mechanisms that shape individual differences in lifespan is important to understanding mortality patterns in populations of free-living animals. We tested this hypothesis under semi-natural conditions by simulating elevated IGF-1 levels in captive bearded reedlings, a songbird species with an exceptionally fast pace of life. We subcutaneously injected slow-release biodegradable microspheres loaded with IGF-1 and achieved a systemic 3.7-fold increase of the hormone within the natural range for at least 24 h. Oxidative damage to lipids showed marked sexual differences: it significantly increased the day after the manipulation in treated males and returned to baseline levels four days post-treatment, while no treatment effect was apparent in females. Although there was no overall difference in survival between the treatment groups, high initial (pre-treatment) IGF-1 and low post-treatment plasma malondialdehyde levels were associated with enhanced survival prospects in males. These results suggest that males may be more susceptible to IGF-1-induced oxidative stress than females and quickly restoring oxidative balance may be related to fitness. IGF-1 levels evolve under opposing selection forces, and natural variation in this hormone’s level may reflect the outcome of individual optimization.
Weyl multipliers for $$(L^p, L^q)$$
Authors: Maity Arup Kumar , Ratnakumar P. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe discuss the Weyl multipliers for pairs of Lebesgue spaces, and identify some sub classes of $$B(L^2({\mathbb {R}}^n))$$

B
(

L
2

(

R

n

)

)

which form Weyl multipliers for $$(L^p, L^q), \, 1\le p,q \le \infty $$

(

L
p

,

L
q

)
,

1
≤
p
,
q
≤
∞

. Similar results are also obtained for Lorentz spaces.
Epilepsie und dissoziative Anfälle
Authors: Opp Joachim , Schöndienst Martin , Kreul Katja , Reuber Markus , Gülich Elisabeth , Höfler Julia , Frank-Job Barbara 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungIn unserem narrativen Review beschreiben wir die Besonderheiten der Interaktion von Patient:innen mit dissoziativen Anfällen. Wir zeigen, welches Potenzial in der Kenntnis dieser Besonderheiten liegt sowohl für die Differenzialdiagnose von epileptischen und dissoziativen Anfällen als auch für den klinischen Gebrauch. Patient:innen mit epileptischen Anfällen wollen das Gespräch mit der Ärztin/dem Arzt nutzen, um möglichst viel von dem nachvollziehbar zu machen, was mit ihnen im Anfall passiert und wie sie versuchen mit den Anfällen sinnvoll umzugehen. Wir berichten davon, wie sich nach unserer Erfahrung die Kommunikation unterscheidet, wenn wir mit Patient:innen mit dissoziativen Anfällen sprechen: Sie berichten eher ohne Details und ohne das subjektive Erleben des Anfalls zu schildern. In ihren Beschreibungen wird meist deutlich, wie stark sie dem Geschehen ausgeliefert sind. Sie sind eher irritiert von den Nachfragen zum Erleben im Anfall und lenken das Gespräch in andere Richtungen. Damit die Gespräche mit Patient:innen, die von dissoziativen Anfällen betroffen sind, nicht ins Leere laufen, ist es wichtig, diese kommunikativen Besonderheiten zu kennen und Einsicht in ihre Bedeutung für Diagnose und Therapie zu haben. Wir machen konkrete Vorschläge, wie Gesprächsführende mit der eigenen Irritation und mit den Aussagen der Patient:innen so umgehen, dass beide Seiten zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Situation kommen. So kann schon das Erstgespräch den Beginn der therapeutischen Arbeit einleiten. Wenn Kinder und Jugendliche zur Abklärung von Anfallsereignissen vorgestellt werden, so treten die Unterschiede in der Darstellung meist noch deutlicher zutage, da sie weniger Erzählroutine haben und eine meist deutlich kürzere Krankengeschichte.
Gibt es eine psychosomatische Epileptologie?
Authors: Schöndienst Martin , Wolf Peter 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDa sich in epileptischen Anfällen typischerweise organisch bedingte Veränderungen wie Bewusstseinsverlust, Zuckungen und auch neurovegetative Phänomene mit seelischen Aspekten verbinden wie etwa mit spezifischen Auslösern, Veränderungen des Ich-Erlebens oder der Wahrnehmung, läge deren psychosomatische Zusammenschau nahe. Dennoch ist eine solche in der Epileptologie eher ungebräuchlich. Im Artikel wird, ausgehend vom Gestaltkreiskonzept der anthropologischen Medizin, erläutert, mittels welcher Wahrnehmungsausrichtung Krankheitshintergründe zugänglich werden können. Dies wird an einer Kasuistik verdeutlicht, wonach schließlich das Potenzial einer psychosomatischen Ergänzung der epileptologischen Praxis erwogen wird.
A hyper-Kähler metric on the moduli spaces of monopoles with arbitrary symmetry breaking
Authors: Mendizabal Jaime 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe construct the hyper-Kähler moduli space of framed monopoles over $$\mathbb {R}^3$$

R

3

for any connected, simply connected, compact, semisimple Lie group and arbitrary mass and charge, and hence arbitrary symmetry breaking. In order to do so, we define a configuration space of pairs with appropriate asymptotic conditions and perform an infinite-dimensional quotient construction. We make use of the b and scattering calculuses to study the relevant differential operators.