bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the difference in the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 between deciduous and evergreen forests in the southeastern United States
Authors: Novick Kimberly A. , Oishi A. Christopher , Ward Eric J. , Siqueira Mario B. S. , Juang Jehn‐Yih , Stoy Paul C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe southeastern United States is experiencing a rapid regional increase in the ratio of pine to deciduous forest ecosystems at the same time it is experiencing changes in climate. This study is focused on exploring how these shifts will affect the carbon sink capacity of southeastern US forests, which we show here are among the strongest carbon sinks in the continental United States. Using eight‐year‐long eddy covariance records collected above a hardwood deciduous forest (HW) and a pine plantation (PP) co‐located in North Carolina, USA, we show that the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) was more variable in PP, contributing to variability in the difference in NEE between the two sites (ΔNEE) at a range of timescales, including the interannual timescale. Because the variability in evapotranspiration (ET) was nearly identical across the two sites over a range of timescales, the factors that determined the variability in ΔNEE were dominated by those that tend to decouple NEE from ET. One such factor was water use efficiency, which changed dramatically in response to drought and also tended to increase monotonically in nondrought years (P < 0.001 in PP). Factors that vary over seasonal timescales were strong determinants of the NEE in the HW site; however, seasonality was less important in the PP site, where significant amounts of carbon were assimilated outside of the active season, representing an important advantage of evergreen trees in warm, temperate climates. Additional variability in the fluxes at long‐time scales may be attributable to slowly evolving factors, including canopy structure and increases in dormant season air temperature. Taken together, study results suggest that the carbon sink in the southeastern United States may become more variable in the future, owing to a predicted increase in drought frequency and an increase in the fractional cover of southern pines.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly patients with dementia
Authors: Namioka Nayuta , Hanyu Haruo , Hatanaka Hirokuni , Fukasawa Raita , Sakurai Hirofumi , Iwamoto Toshihiko 
Published: August 2014

AimWe have recently developed and validated a screening test for comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) named “Dr. SUPERMAN”. We compared the results obtained by the CGA of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and determined the relationship between functional deficits and clinical characteristics in each type of dementia.MethodsWe used Dr. SUPERMAN to examine patients with AD (24 men and 53 women, mean age 83.0 ± 5.1 years), VaD (10 men and 12 women, mean age 80.4 ± 5.0 years) and DLB (28 men and 20 women, mean age 81.2 ± 5.5 years).ResultsPatients with DLB or VaD had functional deficits more frequently than those with AD in many fields. Significant correlations between functional impairments and clinical characteristics, such as age, sex and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, in the non‐AD group (including DLB and VaD) were found in more extensive fields than those in the AD group.ConclusionsPatients with dementia, particularly DLB, have several geriatric problems. Correlations between functional deficits and clinical characteristics differ between the AD group and the non‐AD group. Non‐AD patients of older age who are male and have advanced dementia are more likely have several functional deficits. In addition to age and severity of dementia, the type of dementia should be considered in the treatments and interventions of elderly patients with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 27–33.
Severity of cognitive impairment as a prognostic factor for mortality and functional recovery of geriatric patients with hip fracture
Authors: Tarazona‐Santabalbina Francisco José , Belenguer‐Varea Ángel , Rovira Daudi Eduardo , Salcedo Mahiques Enmanuel , Cuesta Peredó David , Doménech‐Pascual Juan Ramón , Gac Espínola Homero , Avellana Zaragoza Juan Antonio 
Published: August 2014

AimTo identify how the severity of dementia influences functional recovery and mortality in elderly patients hospitalized for hip fracture.MethodsAn observational retrospective study of 1258 patients aged older than 69 years and diagnosed with hip fracture who received care within an orthogeriatrics unit from 2004 to 2008 was carried out. During a 12‐month follow‐up period, functional recovery and mortality outcomes were measured.ResultsDementia was present in 383 (28.1%) patients: it was mild in 183 (48%), moderate in 102 (26.5%) and severe in 98 (25.5%). Compared with patients with preserved cognitive status, patients with dementia had the following statistically significant differences (means [standard deviation] or percentage): older age (preserved, 82.29 years [6.5 years]; mild, 83.63 years [6.1 years]; moderate, 83.47 years [5.9 years]; severe, 84.46 years [6.1 years]; P < 0.001); lower Barthel Index (89.7 [21.6], 72.7 [24.6], 58.9 [28.6], 38.0 [28.1]; P < 0.001); delirium (11.7%, 25.6%, 37.6%, 44.7%; P < 0.001); less ambulation at 6 months postdischarge (83.9%, 72.8%, 56.9%, 41.7%; P < 0.001); and higher mortality at discharge (4%, 5.7%, 8.2%, 10.6%; P < 0.001) and 12 months after discharge (21.2%, 32.3%, 46.3%, 53.5%; P < 0.001). Patients with severe dementia had lower probability of functional recovery at discharge (OR 0.272, 95% CI 0.140–0.526, P < 0.001) and 6 months after discharge (OR 0.439, 95% CI 0.197–0.979, P = 0.04), as well as a greater probability of dying (HR 1.640, 95% CI 1.020–2.635, P = 0.04).ConclusionsWe observed higher 12‐month mortality and less functional recovery with increasing severity of dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 289–295.
Macronutrients intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Aimin , Lin Yan , Wu Yili , Zhang Dongfeng 
Published: August 2014

AimsWe carried out a meta‐analysis to summarize the evidence from published studies on macronutrients intake and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsPertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Embase. Study‐specific effect was combined with the random‐effect model. The dose–response relationship was assessed by the restricted cubic spline.ResultsFor highest versus lowest level of intake, the relative risk (RR) of PD was 1.13 (95% CI 0.88–1.44) for protein (7 articles including 1570 PD cases among 357 827 subjects), RR 1.24 (95% CI 1.05–1.48) for carbohydrate (8 articles including 1482 PD cases among 232 869 subjects), RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.74–1.06) for fat (12 articles including 2936 PD cases among 374 124 subjects), RR 0.97 (95% CI 0.75–1.26) for cholesterol (6 articles including 1713 PD cases among 170 058 subjects) and 1.39 (95% CI 1.01–1.92) for energy (8 articles including 1553 PD cases among 170 317 subjects), respectively. Among prospective studies adjusting for smoking and coffee/caffeine, no associations were found between PD risk and intake of protein (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.80–1.30), carbohydrate (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.86–1.43), fat (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.70–1.16), cholesterol (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.74–1.09) and energy (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.93–1.02); however, polyunsaturated fatty acid (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64–0.96) was inversely associated with PD risk. Limited data showed a linear dose–response relationship between the aforementioned macronutrients and PD risk.ConclusionsDietary intake of protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol and energy might be not independently associated with PD risk. Higher intake of polyunsaturated fatty acid might be inversely associated with PD risk. Confounding by smoking and coffee/caffeine should be considered regarding the association between fat intake and PD risk in further studies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 606–616.
Older adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain are at increased risk of recurrent falls and the brief pain inventory could help identify those most at risk
Authors: Stubbs Brendon , Eggermont Laura , Patchay Sandhi , Schofield Pat 
Published: August 2014

AimChronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) and falls are common among community‐dwelling older adults. The study aims were: (i) to investigate the relationship between CMP and any falls (≥1), single falls and recurrent falls (≥2) in community‐dwelling older adults; and (ii) to determine the discriminative validity of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) to differentiate between non‐fallers and (a) any and (b) recurrent fallers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study involving 295 community‐dwelling participants (mean age 77.5 ± 8.1 years, 66.4% female) was carried out. CMP was assessed and classified as none (comparison group), single and multisite (≥2). The BPI severity and interference subscales were used, and falls were recorded over 12 months. Data were analyzed with logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC).ResultsOver half of the participants (154/295, 52.2%) had CMP (41.6% single and 58.4% multisite pain). Participants with CMP were at increased risk of recurrent falls (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.03–4.88), and this risk was highest in those with multisite CMP (OR 3.43, CI 1.34–8.65). The BPI severity subscale showed good discriminative ability to differentiate between recurrent and non‐fallers with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.731 (95% CI 0.635–0.826); a mean score of 5.1 had a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 56.7%. The AUC for the BPI interference subscale was 0.724 (95% CI 0.630–0.818), and a cut‐off score of 4.6 had a sensitivity of 84.4% and specificity of 57.8%ConclusionOlder adults with multisite CMP are at greatest risk of recurrent falls. In clinical settings, the BPI could prove useful to discriminate between recurrent and non‐fallers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 881–888.
Risk factors for severe or fatal drug‐induced liver injury from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid
Authors: Yazici Cemal , Mutlu Ece , Bonkovsky Herbert L. , Russo Mark W. 
Published: August 2014

AimTo identify risk factors for severe liver injury or mortality from drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. To determine if co‐administration of potentially hepatotoxic drugs was associated with an increased risk of DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of the published work and data extraction of articles on DILI injury from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Potentially hepatotoxic drugs were defined as medications with DILI listed in the package insert or reported in the published work. Individual patient data were entered into an SPSS (version 17.0; Chicago, IL, USA) database and were analyzed using the χ2‐test or Fisher's exact test; Student's t‐test; and non‐parametric tests such as Mann–Whitney U‐test as appropriate.ResultsWe identified 3932 articles of which 41 publications with 255 reported cases met inclusion criteria. Mortality from DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid was increased among patients receiving concomitant potentially hepatotoxic drugs compared with patients not on concomitant potential hepatotoxic drugs (21.4% [3/14] vs 2.3% [2/89], P = 0.017]. The most common classes of concomitant drugs were: antimicrobials, analgesics and hormonal therapy. Female patients were more likely to receive a concomitant potentially hepatotoxic medication (25% vs 9.1% for men, P = 0.05).ConclusionPatients who developed severe or fatal DILI from amoxicillin–clavulanic acid were more likely to be on concomitant hepatotoxic medications. Female patients were more likely to receive concomitant hepatotoxic drugs. Further studies are needed to investigate drug interaction between amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and concomitant potentially hepatotoxic drugs.
Inhibition of the CXCL12/CXCR4 chemokine axis with AMD3100, a CXCR4 small molecule inhibitor, worsens murine hepatic injury
Authors: Saiman Yedidya , Jiao JingJing , Fiel M. Isabel , Friedman Scott L. , Aloman Costica , Bansal Meena B. 
Published: August 2014

AimActivation of hepatic stellate cells and development of chronic inflammation are two key features in the progression of hepatic fibrosis. We have shown that in vitro activated stellate cells increase their expression of CXCL12 as well as the receptor CXCR4 and that receptor engagement promotes a profibrogenic phenotype. Furthermore, injury promotes increased hepatic expression of CXCL12 and a massive infiltration of CXCR4‐expressing leukocytes, granulocytes and myeloid cells. The primary site of inflammatory cell accumulation is around the CXCL12‐rich portal tracts and within fibrotic septae, indicating a role for CXCR4 during injury. In order to characterize the relevance of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis during hepatic injury we inhibited the axis using AMD3100, a CXCR4 small molecule inhibitor, in models of chronic and acute liver injury.MethodsMice were subjected to acute and chronic CCl4 liver injury with and without AMD3100 administration. The degree of liver injury, fibrosis and the composition of the intrahepatic inflammatory response were characterized.ResultsTreatment of mice with AMD3100 in the chronic CCl4 model of liver injury led to an increase in hepatic inflammation and fibrosis with a specific increase in intrahepatic neutrophils. Furthermore, in an acute model of CCl4‐induced liver injury, AMD3100 led to an increase in the number of intrahepatic neutrophils and a trend towards worse necrosis.ConclusionTogether, this data suggests that inhibition of the CXCR4/CXCL12 chemokine axis is injurious through modulation of the hepatic inflammatory response and that this axis may serve a protective role in liver injury.
Online health information seeking: how people with multiple sclerosis find, assess and integrate treatment information to manage their health
Authors: Synnot Anneliese J. , Hill Sophie J. , Garner Kerryn A. , Summers Michael P. , Filippini Graziella , Osborne Richard H. , Shapland Sue D.P. , Colombo Cinzia , Mosconi Paola 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe Internet is increasingly prominent as a source of health information for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). But there has been little exploration of the needs, experiences and preferences of people with MS for integrating treatment information into decision making, in the context of searching on the Internet. This was the aim of our study.DesignSixty participants (51 people with MS; nine family members) took part in a focus group or online forum. They were asked to describe how they find and assess reliable treatment information (particularly online) and how this changes over time. Thematic analysis was underpinned by a coding frame.ResultsParticipants described that there was both too much information online and too little that applied to them. They spoke of wariness and scepticism but also empowerment. The availability of up‐to‐date and unbiased treatment information, including practical and lifestyle‐related information, was important to many. Many participants were keen to engage in a ‘research partnership’ with health professionals and developed a range of strategies to enhance the trustworthiness of online information. We use the term ‘self‐regulation’ to capture the variations in information seeking behaviour that participants described over time, as they responded to their changing information needs, their emotional state and growing expertise about MS.ConclusionsPeople with MS have developed a number of strategies to both find and integrate treatment information from a range of sources. Their reflections informed the development of an evidence‐based consumer web site based on summaries of MS Cochrane reviews.
Interacting influences of climate factors and land cover types on the distribution of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in streams of a central European low mountain range
Authors: Kusch Jürgen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEffects of various climatic factors, altitude and land cover types on the distribution of eight caddisfly species were modelled from occurrence data by the use of the maximum entropy method. The predicted habitat use and the most contributing environmental factors differed considerably among species. Those differences of responses may be a basis for changes of assemblage structures with climate changes.Precipitation in late spring to early summer, minimum temperatures in the second half of the year, and temperature seasonality, or other bioclimatic factors that give information about the temporal stability of temperatures (‘diurnal range’, ‘isothermality’), were key climate factors influencing the distribution of most of the studied species. Therefore, climate change may affect Trichoptera assemblages not only by the height of mean temperatures but also by temperature variability.Land cover types contributed to the development of distribution models for several caddisfly species. Forests promoted most of the species, whereas cultivated and managed areas were less preferred. Few species concentrated on individual land cover types, e.g.Wormalida occipitalison coniferous forest. Therefore, different adaptations of caddisfly species to land cover types, in addition to climatic factors, seam to occur, and are discussed to facilitate niche partitioning.Environmental variables that were observed to affect the distribution of caddisflies, i.e. temperature, precipitation, and vegetation, may interact with each other. Climate changes may influence caddisflies not only via temperature changes, but by related changes of precipitation regimes, and by a long‐term change of vegetation types, e.g. tree species predominant in forests.
Integrative species delimitation and conservation of tarantulas (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) from a North American biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Hendrixson Brent E. , Guice Alexis V. , Bond Jason E. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

The Madrean Sky Islands of northern Mexico and the south‐western United States are located in the Madrean pine–oak woodlands ‘biodiversity hotspot’. This area is renowned for its exceptional flora and fauna, but comparatively little is known about arthropod diversity in this region. We obtained specimens of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma from five different mountain ranges (Huachucas, Pajaritos, Peloncillos, Santa Catalinas, and Santa Ritas) to assess patterns of diversity within the group.

Species delimitation in tarantulas is difficult because they possess few informative morphological features. We implemented a rigorous methodological framework for delimiting species that incorporated multiple lines of evidence (molecules, distributional information, morphology, and breeding period) in an explicitly hypothesis‐driven manner.

Our integrative taxonomic approach delimited three species (all undescribed): one endemic to the Peloncillos, one endemic to the Santa Catalinas, and one that is more widely distributed in the Huachucas, Santa Ritas, and Pajaritos. These patterns of diversity and endemicity are comparable to other arachnids in the region and suggest that species‐level diversity of stenotypic/dispersal‐limited arthropods throughout the Madrean Sky Island Region may be underestimated.

Ecological data are not widely available for Madrean Sky Island tarantulas and it is difficult to evaluate their conservation status. Several intrinsic (patterns of endemicity, limited vagility, and life history) and extrinsic (habitat degradation, commercial exploitation, and climate change) factors, however, suggest that these spiders may be of conservation concern. The approach taken in this study highlights the importance of considering multiple lines of evidence when species delimitation has direct implications on conservation.
Impact of appearance on degree of liking and eating quality expectations of selected apple cultivars
Authors: van der Merwe Anreza , Muller Magdalena , van der Rijst Marieta , Labuschagné Iwan F. , Næs Tormod , Steyn Willem J. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThis study investigated the effect of taste expectations based on cultivar recognition on the preference for apple‐eating quality. Consumer preference for eating quality was assessed using three levels of product information, viz. (i) no visual information, (ii) a photograph depicting the typical appearance of the specific cultivar and (iii) an incorrect photograph, misleadingly depicting a different cultivar. Consumers scored the eating quality of ‘Pink Lady™’ served with the correct photograph significantly higher compared with presentation without pictorial information, suggesting a positive image for this trademark cultivar. Conversely, consumers had lower eating quality expectations for ‘Starking’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ indicated by lower scores when supplied with matching photos. Cultivar developers and researchers should be mindful of the confounding effect of fruit appearance on the hedonic assessment of eating quality. The order of presentation (matching or wrong photograph first) affected the preference scores and should be considered in future studies.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour: applying lessons to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hill K. , Gardiner P. A. , Cavalheri V. , Jenkins S. C. , Healy G. N. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn health and disease, the benefits of regular participation in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity are well documented. However, individuals with chronic conditions, such as those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), typically do very little activity at a moderate or vigorous intensity. Much of their day is instead spent in sedentary behaviour, such as sitting or reclining, which requires very little energy expenditure. This high level of time spent in sedentary behaviour can have serious health consequences, including increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. There is emerging evidence to suggest that participation in light intensity physical activities (e.g. standing or slow walking) may have benefits for cardio‐metabolic health. Given the low aerobic capacity of individuals with moderate to severe COPD, increasing light intensity activity (through reducing sedentary time) may be a feasible additional strategy to improve health in this population, alongside traditional recommendations to increase the time spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. This review provides an overview of physical activity and sedentary behaviour, with a particular emphasis on these behaviours for people with COPD. It provides suggestions for the measurement of these behaviours within the clinical setting, as well as for interventions that may be effective at increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in this population.