bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Insights into Project Management Research: A Natural Sciences Comparative
Authors: Joslin Robert , Müller Ralf 
Published: April 2015

In this article, a new research perspective toward project management phenomena is developed; it builds on the existing natural science theory of genotyping and phenotyping by developing a contemporary comparative model for project management research, which compares natural science molecular biology (genomics) as a way to investigate social science (specifically, project management) phenomena. The comparative maps concepts and terminology and, in doing so, explains why phenomena in genomics (study of genetics) can be compared with practices, behaviors, and established thinking in project management. To support the theory building process, the attributes of complex adaptive systems (CAS) are used to validate the constructs of the research. The comparative is then used to answer the research question by identifying two social science phenomena: “lessons intentionally not learned” and “bricolage of competing methodology subelements,” followed by a detailed explanation of the reasons for the phenomena using the attributes of the comparative. This article provides further examples of phenomena that were derived from the comparative model as well as the types of research questions where the model would provide insight. The authors believe that using a comparative model will challenge established thinking so that many aspects of project management will be seen in a new light in both the research and practitioner communities of project management.
Toxocariasis: An unusual cause of pleural effusion
Authors: Vallentin Blandine , Carsin Ania , Dubus Jean‐Christophe 
Published: April 2015

SummaryToxocara canis, one of the most frequent parasites worldwide, rarely triggers respiratory symptoms. We report the case of a 5‐year‐old girl hospitalized for a unilateral eosinophilic pleural effusion due to Toxocara canis. Besides the fact that she was living in a squat, no other medical condition was reported. There was no other site of infection caused by the parasite and she was successfully treated with albendazole. This case report is obviously unique as very few cases of pleural effusion due to Toxocara canis are reported in literature, all in adult patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:E35–E36. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TLR4 activation by lipopolysaccharide confers survival advantage to growth factor deprived prostate cancer cells
Authors: Jain Sumeet , Suklabaidya Sujit , Das Biswajit , Raghav Sunil K. , Batra Surinder K. , Senapati Shantibhusan 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) cells express Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4), a known pro‐tumorigenic molecule for different cancer cells. The cancer cells residing in the avascular region of the tumor confront various metabolic stresses and continuously adapt mechanisms to overcome them. We hypothesized that TLR4 activation might provide direct survival advantage to metabolically stressed PCa cells.METHODSWe first investigated the effect of LPS on survival of serum deprived PCa cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in TLR4 mediated PCa survival, we next investigated change in expression of markers for apoptosis, senescence and autophagy. Ultimately, the effect of LPS on established prostate tumors was confirmed in vivo using a syngeneic rat model for PCa.RESULTSLipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐mediated TLR4 activation significantly enhanced survival of serum deprived (SD) PC3, DU145 and MAT‐LyLu PCa cells. TLR4 inhibition by a specific inhibitor resulted in rapid death of SD‐PC3 cells, which was significantly suppressed by LPS. Interestingly, LPS treatment suppressed macroautophagy in SD‐PC3 cells and increased expression of CCL2 (C–C motif ligand‐2), a known autophagy inhibitor and pro‐survival factor. Intra‐tumor LPS injection resulted in increased tumor mass, induced TLR4 activation, suppressed autophagy, and increased the macrophage population in MAT‐LyLu‐tumors.CONCLUSIONSOur study reveals that bacterial LPS enhance survival of PCa cells under conditions of nutrient stress through TLR4 activation. Moreover, LPS induces overexpression of CCL2 involved in the suppression of starvation‐induced macroautophagy in PCa cells, and enhanced macrophage population in prostate tumors in vivo. Taken together, the current study suggests the importance of bacterial infection or TLR4‐activation in prostate cancer pathogenesis. Prostate 75:1020–1033, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progesterone receptor expression during prostate cancer progression suggests a role of this receptor in stromal cell differentiation
Authors: Yu Yue , Yang Ou , Fazli Ladan , Rennie Paul S. , Gleave Martin E. , Dong Xuesen 
Published: April 2015

BACKGROUNDThe progesterone receptor, like the androgen receptor, belongs to the steroid receptor superfamily. Our previous studies have reported that the PR is expressed specifically in prostate stroma. PR inhibits proliferation of, and regulates cytokine secretion by stromal cells. However, PR protein expression in cancer‐associated stroma during prostate cancer progression has not been profiled. Since the phenotypes of prostate stromal cells change dynamically as tumors progress, whether the PR plays a role in regulating stromal cell differentiation needs to be investigated.METHODSImmunohistochemistry assays measured PR protein levels on human prostate tissue microarrays containing 367 tissue cores from benign prostate, prostate tumors with different Gleason scores, tumors under various durations of castration therapy, and tumors at the castration‐resistant stage. Immunoblotting assays determined whether PR regulated the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), vimentin, and fibroblast specific protein (FSP) in human prostate stromal cells.RESULTSPR protein levels decreased in cancer‐associated stroma when compared with that in benign prostate stroma. This reduction in PR expression was not correlated with Gleason scores. PR protein levels were elevated by castration therapy, but reduced to pre‐castration levels when tumors progressed to the castration‐resistant stage. Enhanced PR expression in human prostate stromal cells increased α‐SMA, but decreased vimentin and FSP protein levels ligand‐independently.CONCLUSIONThese results suggest that PR plays an active role in regulating stromal cell phenotypes during prostate cancer progression. Prostate 75:1043–1050, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Flaviviral NS4b, chameleon and jack‐in‐the‐box roles in viral replication and pathogenesis, and a molecular target for antiviral intervention
Authors: Zmurko Joanna , Neyts Johan , Dallmeier Kai 
Published: April 2015

SummaryDengue virus and other flaviviruses such as the yellow fever, West Nile, and Japanese encephalitis viruses are emerging vector‐borne human pathogens that affect annually more than 100 million individuals and that may cause debilitating and potentially fatal hemorrhagic and encephalitic diseases. Currently, there are no specific antiviral drugs for the treatment of flavivirus‐associated disease. A better understanding of the flavivirus–host interactions during the different events of the flaviviral life cycle may be essential when developing novel antiviral strategies. The flaviviral non‐structural protein 4b (NS4b) appears to play an important role in flaviviral replication by facilitating the formation of the viral replication complexes and in counteracting innate immune responses such as the following: (i) type I IFN signaling; (ii) RNA interference; (iii) formation of stress granules; and (iv) the unfolded protein response. Intriguingly, NS4b has recently been shown to constitute an excellent target for the selective inhibition of flavivirus replication. We here review the current knowledge on NS4b. © 2015 The Authors. Reviews in Medical Virology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Zugverankerung von gelenkig aufgelagerten Kranbahnträgern – Unerwartet hohe Ermüdungsbeanspruchung und verbesserte Detaillösung
Authors: Unterweger Harald , Taras Andreas , Kugler Paul 
Published: April 2015

AbstractKranbahnträger, die gelenkig auf Stützen aufgelagert sind, weisen häufig konstruktive Zugverankerungen gegen Abhebekräfte in Form von vertikalen Schrauben zwischen Trägeruntergurt und Stützenkopf auf. Bei Kranüberfahrt führt die vertikale Trägerdurchbiegung auch zu Auflagerverdrehungen. Die dadurch bedingten Relativverformungen zwischen Trägeruntergurt und Stützenkopfplatte führen zu außergewöhnlich hohen Zwängungsbeanspruchungen dieser Schrauben, wie anhand der FEM‐Analyse eines Beispiels dargestellt wird. Für die Abschätzung der Zwängungsbeanspruchung in den Schrauben wird ein einfaches Ingenieurmodell vorgestellt, das alle wesentlichen Parameter für die unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen beinhaltet und am FEM‐Modell überprüft wurde. Abschließend werden erste Ansätze für eine verbesserte Detaillösung dargestellt.Uplift fixing bolts in simply supported crane girders – unexpectedly high fatigue stresses and improved detailing solution. Crane girders with hinged supports on top of the columns are often fixed to the column head by placing vertical bolts between the girder’s lower flange and the column’s head plate, in order to prevent uplift of the girder. The passing of the crane load over the girder causes a deflection of the latter, which in turn leads to rotations of the girder end cross‐sections. The relative movements and rotations between the girder’s lower flange and the column’s head plate can lead to exceptionally large bending stresses in the fixing bolts, as is illustrated by means of a numerical (FEM) example in this paper. A simple engineering model, which is however capable of capturing all the relevant parameters for the different types of fixing detailing, is developed for the determination of these additional bending stresses and was verified by comparisons with the FEM models. Finally, proposals for an improved detailing solution are presented.
Die neue Straßenbrücke in Torun´, Polen – Teil 1: Planung und Bau
Authors: Wąchalski Krzysztof , Cywin´ski Zbigniew 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDie neue Straßenbrücke Torun´ (deutsch: Thorn) wurde 2013 errichtet und ist heute die vierte Querung der Weichsel im Stadtgebiet – historisch aber ist sie die fünfte. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt nach einem kurzen historischen Rückblick die Überbauten der Bogenbrücke vor – zwei Bögen mit 270 m Spannweite und 50 m Pfeilhöhe. Im ersten Teil werden der Entwurf und der Bau beschrieben sowie auf die kulturelle Bedeutung der Brücke eingegangen. Die theoretischen und experimentellen Nachweise sind Gegenstand von Teil 2, der in der nächsten Ausgabe dieser Zeitschrift publiziert werden wird.Der Aufsatz ist dem unlängst verstorbenen Marek Sudak gewidmet, der neben dem erstgenannten Verfasser der zweite Hauptprojektant dieser Brücke war.The new road bridge in Torun´, Poland – Part 1: design and construction. The new road bridge represents in modern times the fourth and historically already the fifth crossing of the river Vistula in Torun´ (Thorunium). Together with a short reference to the history of the city and its earlier constructed bridges, this paper shows the newest bridge – an arch bridge of 270 m span length and 50 m rise of both its superstructures. The first part contains details on the design and the construction, as well as the cultural background of the bridge. Part 2 presents the theoretical and experimental controls, which are competent for the bridge mounting and load test.This contribution is devoted to the lately passed Marek Sudak, who was besides the first here mentioned author the second chief designer of that bridge.
Zur Biegebemessung von Flachdecken in Verbundbauweise
Authors: Schäfer Markus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBasierend auf den Forderungen nach schlanken Konstruktionen und einer Optimierung des Bauablaufs, gewinnt die Slim‐Floor‐Bauweise zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die Bemessung solcher Bauteile kann jedoch nicht allein auf Grundlage der Europäischen Regelwerke für den Verbundbau erfolgen. Es gelten einige Besonderheiten, die durch ergänzende Bemessungsregeln zu erfassen sind. An dieser Stelle wird die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Bemessung im Bauzustand, die Querschnittsklassifizierung und die Biegebemessung gelenkt. Neben den klassischen Querschnitten, bestehend aus gewalzten Profilen mit untergeschweißter Gurtplatte, werden dabei auch in die Decke integrierte hohlkastenartige Profilformen untersucht.Determination of moment resistance for composite shallow‐floor beams – Additional design rules for slim‐floor beams. Due to the demand for sustainable buildings and slim constructions, composite slim‐floor systems become more important. The present European Codes do not include complete design rules for shallow‐floor beams. In the design, additional regulations have to be considered for ultimate limit state, serviceability limit state and fire design. In this paper the characteristics in erection state, for the cross section classification, the plastic moment resistance and the influence of transverse bending moments are presented. Apart from traditional sections consisting of rolled profiles also floor slabs with integrated steel box‐sections have been considered.
Development of a Fluorescent Reporter System to Delineate Cancer Stem Cells in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Thiagarajan Praveena S. , Hitomi Masahiro , Hale James S. , Alvarado Alvaro G. , Otvos Balint , Sinyuk Maksim , Stoltz Kevin , Wiechert Andrew , Mulkearns-Hubert Erin , Jarrar Awad M. , Zheng Qiao , Thomas Dustin , Egelhoff Thomas T. , Rich Jeremy N. , Liu Huiping , Lathia Justin D. , Reizes Ofer 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Advanced cancers display cellular heterogeneity driven by self-renewing, tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs). The use of cell lines to model CSCs is challenging due to the difficulty of identifying and isolating cell populations that possess differences in self-renewal and tumor initiation. To overcome these barriers in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we developed a CSC system using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter for the promoter of the well-established pluripotency gene NANOG. NANOG-GFP+ cells gave rise to both GFP+ and GFP− cells, and GFP+ cells possessed increased levels of the embryonic stem cell transcription factors NANOG, SOX2, and OCT4 and elevated self-renewal and tumor initiation capacities. GFP+ cells also expressed mesenchymal markers and demonstrated increased invasion. Compared with the well-established CSC markers CD24−/CD44+, CD49f, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, our NANOG-GFP reporter system demonstrated increased enrichment for CSCs. To explore the utility of this system as a screening platform, we performed a flow cytometry screen that confirmed increased CSC marker expression in the GFP+ population and identified new cell surface markers elevated in TNBC CSCs, including junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A). JAM-A was highly expressed in GFP+ cells and patient-derived xenograft ALDH+ CSCs compared with the GFP− and ALDH− cells, respectively. Depletion of JAM-A compromised self-renewal, whereas JAM-A overexpression induced self-renewal in GFP− cells. Our data indicate that we have defined and developed a robust system to monitor differences between CSCs and non-CSCs in TNBC that can be used to identify CSC-specific targets for the development of future therapeutic strategies. Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2015;33:2114–2125
A Kindergartner's Emergent Strategy Use During Wordless Picture Book Reading
Authors: Lysaker Judith , Hopper Elizabeth 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDecades of research in emergent reading demonstrate that children don't come to print reading as if it were a completely new activity. Emergent reading practices such as wordless book reading are often seen as precursors to the meaning making that comes later during print reading. Yet often, the specific strategies noted in children's emergent readings are seen as distinct, and not readily linked to those they will use later in more mature print reading. In this article, we examine the strategy use of one kindergartener as she engages in wordless book reading. Using Clay's overarching idea of monitoring and the related strategies of searching, cross‐checking, self‐correcting and rereading, we analyze children's wordless book readings for “print like” strategy use. We suggest that wordless book reading is an underutilized context for developing emergent comprehension prior to a focus on decoding.
Courage to Love
Authors: Wall Heather , Palmer Michelle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInstructional coaches continue to be an important part of school reform and professional development, and yet few studies have examined the impact of the language coaches use when working with teachers. The authors work to contribute towards filling this gap by describing a self‐;study examining their own language as instructional coaches and its impact on teachers. Paulo Freire's theories about dialogical interactions are used as a model framework. Freire outlined five conditions that must be in place to allow dialogue to occur: love, humility, faith in humankind, hope, and critical thinking. Each of these is examined regarding its impact on the coach‐teacher relationship and specific examples of situations from the self‐study are described. The authors describe how coaching dialogically can lead to greater teacher empowerment and stronger approaches to professional development.
Building Intercultural Understandings Through Global Literature
Authors: Martens Prisca , Martens Ray , Doyle Michelle Hassay , Loomis Jenna , Fuhrman Laura , Furnari Christie , Soper Elizabeth , Stout Robbie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this article the authors share how they use global literature picturebooks with pre‐kindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade children in the context of A Curriculum That is International to develop the children's intercultural understandings. The picturebooks, shared through read alouds, individual and partner reading, and browsing, is focused particularly on children's personal identities as cultural beings and their identifying issues for which they take action to make the world a better place. In addition, the illustrations are discussed to develop the children's understandings of creating meaning through art. The authors argue that by through experiences with global literature children develop richer understandings of themselves as complex cultural beings and a perception of themselves as capable problem‐solvers who identify issues and take action to solve them.
Serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history
Authors: Wright D. , Papadopoulos S. , Silva M. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) in screening for pregnancy complications.MethodsMaternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum free β‐hCG was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 and 30 + 0 to 34 + 6 weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of free β‐hCG were determined from a linear mixed‐effects multiple regression.ResultsSerum free β‐hCG was measured in 94 985 cases in the first trimester, 7879 in the second trimester and 8424 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum free β‐hCG were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, age and racial origin, cigarette smoking, method of conception, diabetes mellitus and family history of pre‐eclampsia (PE) in the mother of the patient. The effects of some variables were similar and those for others differed in each trimester. Random‐effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum free β‐hCG and express the values as multiples of the median (MoMs). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of MoM values for all covariates both in pregnancies that developed PE and in those without this pregnancy complication.ConclusionsA model was fitted to express measured serum free β‐hCG across the three trimesters of pregnancy as MoMs after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A in the three trimesters of pregnancy: effects of maternal characteristics and medical history
Authors: Wright D. , Silva M. , Papadopoulos S. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo define the contribution of maternal variables which influence the measured level of maternal serum pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) in screening for pregnancy complications.MethodsMaternal characteristics and medical history were recorded and serum PAPP‐A was measured in women with a singleton pregnancy attending for three routine hospital visits at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6, 19 + 0 to 24 + 6 and 30 + 0 to 34 + 6 weeks' gestation. For pregnancies delivering phenotypically normal live births or stillbirths ≥ 24 weeks' gestation, variables from maternal demographic characteristics and medical history that are important in the prediction of PAPP‐A were determined from a linear mixed‐effects multiple regression.ResultsSerum PAPP‐A was measured in 94 966 cases in the first trimester, 7785 in the second trimester and 8286 in the third trimester. Significant independent contributions to serum PAPP‐A were provided by gestational age, maternal weight, height, racial origin, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus, method of conception, previous pregnancy with or without pre‐eclampsia (PE) and birth‐weight Z‐score of the neonate in the previous pregnancy. The effects of some variables were similar and those for others differed in the three different trimesters. Random‐effects multiple regression analysis was used to define the contribution of maternal variables that influence the measured level of serum PAPP‐A and express the values as multiples of the median (MoMs). The model was shown to provide an adequate fit of MoM values for all covariates, both in pregnancies that developed PE and in those without this pregnancy complication.ConclusionsA model was fitted to express the measured serum PAPP‐A across the three trimesters of pregnancy as MoMs, after adjusting for variables from maternal characteristics and medical history that affect this measurement. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.