bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkali Metals: Inorganic Chemistry
Authors: Leung Wing‐Por , Chan Yuk‐Chi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article is updated to cover the literature in the area of inorganic chemistry of alkali metals since 2006. The advancement in instrumentation and spectroscopic techniques in recent two decades has provided researchers with more powerful tools for structure determination of compounds. In this respect, mixed‐sandwich electrides of alkali metals, complexes with dimers or chains of alkali metal anions, electrides with alkali metal ions intercalated into zeolites, and interstitial hydride enclosed by an unusual (Li+)8cubic cage and a simpler more definedLiH‐containing complex have recently been reported in the literature. Alkali metal ozonides, mixed alkali metal ozonide superoxide, and alkali metal suboxides have also been reported. The preparation ofNa3N,K3N, ternary and higher nitride compounds of lithium are included in this article. The exact composition of “NaB6” and “KB6” is also included. The role of alkali metals in trielide clusters of traditional Zintl polyanions has been shown. Synthesis and structures of trimetallic Li–Na–K amide‐alkoxide compounds, alkoxide compounds, enolates, and highly aggregated cage structures of lithium‐heavier alkali metal alkoxides and heterotrimetallic alkoxide are included.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Fluorosilylation of 2‐Phenylpyridines: Synthesis of Silafluorene Equivalents
Authors: Xiao Qing , Meng Xiangtai , Kanai Motomu , Kuninobu Yoichiro 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTreatment of 2‐phenylpyridines with amino(1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)diphenylsilane produced fluorosilylated 2‐phenylpyridines in good to excellent yields under palladium catalysis. This reaction is the first example of CH fluorosilylation. Single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis revealed a Lewis acid–base interaction between the silicon and nitrogen atoms, and the obtained fluorosilylated products are silafluorene equivalents. The fluorosilylated products showed stronger fluorescence than the corresponding silafluorene derivative.
Collagen‐based biomaterials for wound healing
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sayani , Raines Ronald T. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWith its wide distribution in soft and hard connective tissues, collagen is the most abundant of animal proteins. In vitro, natural collagen can be formed into highly organized, three‐dimensional scaffolds that are intrinsically biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic upon exogenous application, and endowed with high tensile strength. These attributes make collagen the material of choice for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. In this article, we review the structure and molecular interactions of collagen in vivo; the recent use of natural collagen in sponges, injectables, films and membranes, dressings, and skin grafts; and the on‐going development of synthetic collagen mimetic peptides as pylons to anchor cytoactive agents in wound beds. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 821–833, 2014.
Implementation of Sustainability Management and Company Size: A Knowledge‐Based View
Authors: Hörisch Jacob , Johnson Matthew P. , Schaltegger Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImplementing corporate sustainability strategies requires knowledge and application of sustainability management tools. While much progress has been made in developing such tools in both small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) and large companies, the literature claims company size positively affects application. However, the role of knowledge as a mediating factor has not yet been investigated. Using the knowledge‐based view as a theoretical underpinning, this paper draws on empirical survey data from SMEs and large companies in Germany. It analyzes how company size affects the degree of knowledge and application of sustainability management tools. Even though the results reaffirm that SMEs know and apply significantly less tools, company size does not influence the share of tools applied once they are known. Thus, knowledge is identified as a key difference between SMEs and large companies as well as an important mediator to promote sustainability management. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Choice of Vein‐Harvest Technique for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Rationale and Design of the REGROUP Trial
Authors: Zenati Marco A. , Gaziano J. Michael , Collins Joseph F. , Biswas Kousick , Gabany Jennifer M. , Quin Jacquelyn A. , Bitondo Jerene M. , Bakaeen Faisal G. , Kelly Rosemary F. , Shroyer A. Laurie , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe Randomized Endo‐vein Graft Prospective (REGROUP) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01850082) is a randomized, intent‐to‐treat, 2‐arm, parallel‐design, multicenter study funded by the Cooperative Studies Program (CSP No. 588) of the US Department of Veterans Affairs. Cardiac surgeons at 16 Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers with technical expertise in performing both endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) and open vein harvesting (OVH) were recruited as the REGROUP surgeon participants. Subjects requiring elective or urgent coronary artery bypass grafting using cardiopulmonary bypass with use of ≥1 saphenous vein graft will be screened for enrollment using pre‐established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Enrolled subjects (planned N = 1150) will be randomized to 1 of the 2 arms (EVH or OVH) after an experienced vein harvester has been assigned. The primary outcomes measure is the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization. Subject assessments will be performed at multiple times, including at baseline, intraoperatively, postoperatively, and at discharge (or 30 days after surgery, if still hospitalized). Assessment of leg‐wound complications will be completed at 6 weeks after surgery. Telephone follow‐ups will occur at 3‐month intervals after surgery until the participating sites are decommissioned after the trial's completion (approximately 4.5 years after the full study startup). To assess long‐term outcomes, centralized follow‐up of MACE for 2 additional years will be centrally performed using VA and non‐VA clinical and administrative databases. The primary MACE outcome will be compared between the 2 arms, EVH and OVH, at the end of the trial duration.
Joint overlay and underlay resource allocation with weighted fairness in OFDM‐based cognitive radio systems
Authors: Xu Wenjun , Wang Yan , Niu Kai , He Zhiqiang , Lin Jiaru 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of hybrid overlay and underlay spectrum access is investigated for OFDM‐based cognitive radio (CR) systems. Both the metrics for system (e.g. capacity) and users (e.g. fairness) are integrated into the unified framework of weighted‐capacity maximization with the interference constraint in CR systems. For easing the procedure of resource allocation, two criteria, respectively, for subcarrier assignment and power allocation are theoretically derived based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions. Under the guidance of the two criteria, max‐capacity subcarrier assignment and optimal power allocation are proposed to flexibly distribute spectrum resources to secondary users. In order to reduce the computational complexity further, a suboptimal power allocation algorithm, referred to as cap‐limited waterfilling, is also presented by decomposing the interference constraint. Simulation results show that the capacity and fairness performance of the proposed algorithms is considerably better than the conventional ones in references. The proposed suboptimal algorithm with substantially lower complexity approaches to optimal power allocation in the vicinity of only 1% performance gap. Meanwhile, joint access model is greatly beneficial to spectrum efficiency enhancement in CR systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Green Star Fading? A Critical Assessment of Swedish Environmental Policy Change
Authors: Hysing Erik 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFrontrunner states have been shown to be highly important for the development and diffusion of progressive environmental policies. History shows, however, that frontrunner status is dynamic and that previous leader countries have become laggards. Here I assess recent policy changes in Sweden – a state widely recognized as an environmental frontrunner – arguing that environmental policy practice within areas prioritized by the Government (biodiversity, sustainable energy, the marine environment and climate change) has experienced high‐profile, and from a green perspective highly controversial policy changes. This policy development raises critical concerns for the future role of Sweden as an environmental frontrunner. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A comparative study of removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) from treated wastewater using highly crosslinked polymeric adsorbents and activated carbon
Authors: Solak Seyhan , Vakondios Nikos , Tzatzimaki Ioanna , Diamadopoulos Evan , Arda Müşerref , Kabay Nalan , Yüksel Mithat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRemoval of some EDCs, such as triclosan including its metabolites (2,4‐dichloro phenol and 2,3,4‐trichloro phenol), estrogens (estrone, 17‐β‐estradiol and 17‐α‐ethinyl estradiol) and some pharmaceuticals (clofibric acid, clofibrate, clofibrate methyl ester, carbamazepine) from water and treated wastewater by commercial highly crosslinked polymer adsorbents (Diaion SP207, Diaion SP825, Dowex L493) and activated carbon was investigated using batch adsorption. The analyses of EDCs were performed by solid phase micro‐extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.RESULTSThe optimum dosages of polymer adsorbents were in the range 0.2–1.2 g L‐1, while the respective values for activated carbon were in the range 0.05–0.2 g L‐1. When treated municipal wastewater was used as the water matrix, removal rates of EDCs for activated carbon clearly deteriorated compared with pure water solutions. However, when the synthetic resins were tested in treated effluent, most substances exhibited similar or even higher removals.CONCLUSIONSPolymer adsorbents exhibited good performance for removal of EDCs from water. Their use in biologically treated effluent for EDCs removal is also a viable option. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.
Satellite observations of land surface temperature patterns induced by synoptic circulation
Authors: Lensky Itamar M. , Dayan Uri 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLand surface temperature (LST) controls physical, chemical and biological processes on earth, and is used for assessing climatic changes. The seasonal and diurnal cycles, cloud cover, surface properties and atmospheric processes at several scales govern the LST, leading to its high spatial and temporal variability. In this study, a first attempt to assess the contribution of the synoptic scale circulation on LST is carried over using 2000–2012 MODIS data over the East Mediterranean (EM). This is demonstrated for 6 out of 19 synoptic circulation patterns characterizing the EM in the winter, summer and spring. Mean LST data calculated for each synoptic category (LSTsyn_cat) showed mainly the seasonality, i.e. climatological signal (LSTclim). In order to remove the seasonality, we used the LST anomaly (LSTsyn_cat − LSTclim), which ‘cleaned’ also the effects of vegetation and mineralogy, revealing the effects of circulation. Surface air temperature anomalies (at 995 sigma level) retrieved from NCEP/NCAR reanalysis calculated for the same synoptic categories were consistent with those of LST. This confirms the ability of remote sensing to detect the effect of the synoptic scale circulation on the spatial distribution of LST.
Parametric Approximation of the Pareto Set in Multi‐Objective Optimization Problems
Authors: Mehta Vivek Kumar , Dasgupta Bhaskar 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a methodology for the systematic parametric representation for approximating the Pareto set of multi‐objective optimization problems has been proposed. It leads to a parametrization of the solutions of a multi‐objective optimization problem in the design as well as in the objective space, which facilitates the task of a decision maker in a significant manner. This methodology exploits the properties of Fourier series basis functions to approximate the general form of (piecewise) continuous Pareto sets. The structure of the problem helps in attacking the problem in two parts, linear and nonlinear least square error minimization. The methodology is tested on the bi‐objective and tri‐objective problems, for which the Pareto set is a curve or surface, respectively. For assessing the quality of such continuous parametric approximations, a new measure has also been suggested in this work. The proposed measure is based on the residuals of Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions and quantifies the quality of the approximation as a whole, as it is defined as integrals over the domain of the parameter(s). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of cortical myoclonus
Authors: Ganos Christos , Kassavetis Panagiotis , Erro Roberto , Edwards Mark J. , Rothwell John , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe putative involvement of the cerebellum in the pathogenesis of cortical myoclonic syndromes has been long hypothesized, as neuropathological changes in patients with cortical myoclonus have most commonly been found in the cerebellum rather than in the suspected culprit, the primary somatosensory cortex. A model of increased cortical excitability due to loss of cerebellar inhibitory control via cerebello‐thalamo‐cortical connections has been proposed, but evidence remains equivocal. Here, we explore this hypothesis by examining syndromes that present with cortical myoclonus and ataxia. We first describe common clinical characteristics and underlying neuropathology. We critically view information on cerebellar physiology with regard to motorcortical output and compare findings between hypothesized and reported neurophysiological changes in conditions with cortical myoclonus and ataxia. We synthesize knowledge and focus on neurochemical changes in these conditions. Finally, we propose that the combination of alterations in inhibitory neurotransmission and the presence of cerebellar pathology are important elements in the pathogenesis of cortical myoclonus. © 2014 Movement Disorder Society
Course of depressive symptoms and treatment in the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery (LABS‐2) study
Authors: Mitchell James E. , King Wendy C. , Chen Jia‐Yuh , Devlin Michael J. , Flum David , Garcia Luis , Inabet William , Pender John R. , Kalarchian Melissa A. , Khandelwal Saurabh , Marcus Marsha D. , Schrope Beth , Strain Gladys , Wolfe Bruce , Yanovski Susan 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo examine changes in depressive symptoms and treatment in the first 3 years following bariatric surgery.MethodsThe longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery‐2 (LABS‐2) is an observational cohort study of adults (n = 2,458) who underwent a bariatric surgical procedure at 1 of 10 US hospitals between 2006 and 2009. This study includes 2,148 participants who completed the Beck depression inventory (BDI) at baseline and ≥ one follow‐up visit in years 1‐3.ResultsAt baseline, 40.4% self‐reported treatment for depression. At least mild depressive symptoms (BDI score ≥ 10) were reported by 28.3%; moderate (BDI score 19‐29) and severe (BDI score ≥30) symptoms were uncommon (4.2 and 0.5%, respectively). Mild‐to‐severe depressive symptoms independently increased the odds (OR = 1.75; P = 0.03) of a major adverse event within 30 days of surgery. Compared with baseline, symptom severity was significantly lower at all follow‐up time points (e.g., mild‐to‐severe symptomatology was 8.9%, 6 months; 8.4%, 1year; 12.2%, 2 years; 15.6%, 3 years; ps < 0.001), but increased between 1 and 3 years postoperatively (P < 0.01). Change in depressive symptoms was significantly related to change in body mass index (r = 0.42; P < 0001).ConclusionBariatric surgery has a positive impact on depressive features. However, data suggest some deterioration in improvement after the first postoperative year. LABS‐2, #NCT00465829, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00465829.
Regional adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production before and after weight loss in abdominally obese women
Authors: You Tongjian , Wang Xuewen , Murphy Karin M. , Lyles Mary F. , Demons Jamehl L. , Yang Rongze , Gong Da‐Wei , Nicklas Barbara J. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the regional differences in subcutaneous adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production in abdominally obese women during weight loss.MethodsForty‐two abdominally obese, older women underwent a 20‐week weight loss intervention composed of hypocaloric diet with or without aerobic exercise (total energy expenditure: ∼2800 kcal/week). Subcutaneous (gluteal and abdominal) adipose tissue biopsies were conducted before and after the intervention. Adipose tissue gene expression and release of leptin, adiponectin, and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) were determined.ResultsThe intervention resulted in significant weight loss (−10.1 ± 0.7 kg, P < 0.001). At baseline, gene expression of adiponectin were higher (P < 0.01), and gene expression and release of IL‐6 were lower (both P < 0.05) in abdominal than in gluteal adipose tissue. After intervention, leptin gene expression and release were lower in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue compared to baseline (P < 0.05‐0.01). Abdominal, but not gluteal, adipose tissue adiponectin gene expression and release increased after intervention (both P < 0.05).ConclusionA 20‐week weight loss program decreased leptin production in both gluteal and abdominal adipose tissue, but only increased adiponectin production from abdominal adipose tissue in obese women. This depot‐specific effect may be of importance for the treatment of health complications associated with abdominal adiposity.
RAFT polymerization of alternating styrene‐pentafluorostyrene copolymers
Authors: Brummelhuis Niels ten , Weck Marcus 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTReversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT) polymerization was used to control the alternating copolymerization of styrene and 2,3,4,5,6‐pentaflurostyrene. The RAFT polymerization yields a high degree of control over the molecular weight of the polymers and does not significantly influence the reactivity ratios of the monomers. The controlled free‐radical polymerization could be initiated using AIBN at elevated temperatures or using a redox couple (benzoyl peroxide/N,N‐dimethylaniline) at room temperature, while maintaining control over molecular weight and dispersity. The influence of temperature and solvent on the molecular weight distribution and reactivity ratios were investigated. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1555–1559
Molecular physiology of the tensin brotherhood of integrin adaptor proteins
Authors: Haynie Donald T. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTNumerous proteins have been identified as constituents of the adhesome, the totality of molecular components in the supramolecular assemblies known as focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions and other kinds of adhesive contact. The transmembrane receptor proteins called integrins are pivotal adhesome members, providing a physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton. Tensins are ever more widely investigated intracellular adhesome constituents. Involved in cell attachment and migration, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction and other processes relevant to cancer research, tensins have recently been linked to functional properties of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and a mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK), to cell migration in breast cancer, and to metastasis suppression in the kidney. Tensins are close relatives of phosphatase homolog/tensin homolog (PTEN), an extensively studied tumor suppressor. Such findings are recasting the earlier vision of tensin (TNS) as an actin‐filament (F‐actin) capping protein in a different light. This critical review aims to summarize current knowledge on tensins and thus to highlight key points concerning the expression, structure, function, and evolution of the various members of the TNS brotherhood. Insight is sought by comparisons with homologous proteins. Some historical points are added for perspective. Proteins 2014; 82:1113–1127. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors for human papillomavirus persistence among women undergoing cold‐knife conization for treatment of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Baser Eralp , Ozgu Emre , Erkilinc Selcuk , Togrul Cihan , Caglar Mete , Gungor Tayfun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors potentially associated with high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence in women undergoing cold‐knife conization (CKC) for treatment of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).MethodsMedical records of women who underwent CKC for treatment of CIN 2/3 between 2007 and 2012 at a tertiary hospital in Ankara, Turkey, were retrospectively analyzed. Cases involving persistent HPV infection after 1 year of follow‐up were identified. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, the impact of various factors such as patient age, menopausal status, parity, high‐risk HPV type, excised cone dimensions (width, height, and depth), and surgical margin status on high‐risk HPV persistence was assessed.ResultsA total of 292 women underwent CKC for treatment of CIN 2/3 within the study period. After women with a subsequent diagnosis of cervical cancer, subsequent total hysterectomy, and inadequate follow‐up data were eliminated, 113 women were eligible for final analysis. High‐risk HPV persistence was detected in 24 (21.2%) women, and multivariate analysis revealed that patient age and cone depth were significant independent predictors (P < 0.05).ConclusionHigh‐risk HPV persistence may be encountered after CKC procedures. It is important to evaluate persistent HPV infections after treatment because affected women are at increased risk for disease persistence, recurrence, and progression.
Mutations in the lipase‐H gene causing autosomal recessive hypotrichosis and woolly hair
Authors: Mehmood Sabba , Jan Abid , Muhammad Dost , Ahmad Farooq , Mir Hina , Younus Muhammad , Ali Ghazanfar , Ayub Muhammad , Ansar Muhammad , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHypotrichosis is characterised by sparse scalp hair, sparse to absent eyebrows and eyelashes, or absence of hair from other parts of the body. In few cases, the condition is associated with tightly curled woolly scalp hair. The present study searched for disease‐causing sequence variants in the genes in four Pakistani lineal consanguineous families exhibiting features of hypotrichosis or woolly hair. A haplotype analysis established links in all four families to the LIPH gene located on chromosome 3q27.2. Subsequently, sequencing LIPH identified a novel non‐sense mutation (c.328C>T; p.Arg110*) in one and a previously reported 2‐bp deletion mutation (c.659_660delTA, p.Ile220ArgfsX29) in three other families.
Raman spectroscopy provides a noninvasive approach for determining biochemical composition of the pregnant cervix in vivo
Authors: O'Brien Christine M. , Vargis Elizabeth , Paria Bibhash C. , Bennett Kelly A. , Mahadevan‐Jansen Anita , Reese Jeff 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe molecular changes that occur with cervical remodelling during pregnancy are not completely understood. This study reviews Raman spectroscopy, an optical technique for detecting changes in the pregnant cervix, and reports preliminary studies on cervical remodelling in mice that suggest that the technique provides advantages over other methods.ConclusionRaman spectroscopy is sensitive to biochemical changes in the pregnant cervix and has high potential as a tool for detecting premature cervical remodelling in pregnant women.