bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underwater Glider Observations in the Oxygen Minimum Zone off Central Chile
Authors: Pizarro Oscar , Ramírez Nadin , Castillo Manuel I. , Cifuentes Ursula , Rojas Winston , Pizarro-Koch Matias 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Gliders have become an efficient and reliable oceanographic platform for measuring physical and biogeochemical properties of the seawater, and the global glider fleet is rapidly expanding. In Chile, glider observations have been carried out in very different oceanographic environments, from the mild upwelling region of subtropical northern Chile to the channels of southern Patagonia. Herein, we briefly present observations and results obtained in the oxygen minimum zone off Concepcion (∼36°30′S). Many new features have been observed in this region thanks to the relatively high resolution of the glider measurements. Future plans for the glider program include an oceanic time series off central Chile that will contribute to the regional observing system of the ocean and allow evaluations of low-frequency changes like those associated with El Niño and La Niña events.
Use of X-Band Differential Reflectivity Measurements to Study Shallow Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds
Authors: Oue Mariko , Galletti Michele , Verlinde Johannes , Ryzhkov Alexander , Lu Yinghui 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMicrophysical processes in shallow Arctic precipitation clouds are illustrated using measurements of differential reflectivity ZDR from the U.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program polarimetric X-band radar deployed in Barrow, Alaska. X-band hemispheric range height indicator scans used in conjunction with Ka-band radar and lidar measurements revealed prolonged periods dominated by vapor depositional, riming, and/or aggregation growth. In each case, ice precipitation fell through at least one liquid-cloud layer in a seeder–feeder situation before reaching the surface. A long period of sustained low radar reflectivity ZH (<0–5 dBZ) and high ZDR (6–7.5 dB) throughout the depth of the cloud and subcloud layer, coinciding with observations of large pristine dendrites at the surface, suggests vapor depositional growth of large dendrites at low number concentrations. In contrast, ZDR values decreased to 2–3 dB in the mean profile when surface precipitation was dominated by aggregates or rimed dendrites. Small but consistent differences in zenith Ka-band radar Doppler velocity and lidar depolarization measurements were found between aggregation- and riming-dominated periods. The clean Arctic environment can enhance ZDR signals relative to more complex midlatitude cases, producing higher values.
Improving Parameterization of Entrainment Rate for Shallow Convection with Aircraft Measurements and Large-Eddy Simulation
Authors: Lu Chunsong , Liu Yangang , Zhang Guang J. , Wu Xianghua , Endo Satoshi , Cao Le , Li Yueqing , Guo Xiaohao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis work examines the relationships of entrainment rate to vertical velocity, buoyancy, and turbulent dissipation rate by applying stepwise principal component regression to observational data from shallow cumulus clouds collected during the Routine Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility (AAF) Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign over the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site near Lamont, Oklahoma. The cumulus clouds during the RACORO campaign simulated using a large-eddy simulation (LES) model are also examined with the same approach. The analysis shows that a combination of multiple variables can better represent entrainment rate in both the observations and LES than any single-variable fitting. Three commonly used parameterizations are also tested on the individual cloud scale. A new parameterization is thus presented that relates entrainment rate to vertical velocity, buoyancy, and dissipation rate; the effects of treating clouds as ensembles and humid shells surrounding cumulus clouds on the new parameterization are discussed. Physical mechanisms underlying the relationships of entrainment rate to vertical velocity, buoyancy, and dissipation rate are also explored.
A Microscale View of Mixing and Overturning across the Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Authors: Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Polzin Kurt L. , Ferrari Raffaele , Zika Jan D. , Forryan Alexander 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe relative roles of isoneutral stirring by mesoscale eddies and dianeutral stirring by small-scale turbulence in setting the large-scale temperature–salinity relation of the Southern Ocean against the action of the overturning circulation are assessed by analyzing a set of shear and temperature microstructure measurements across Drake Passage in a “triple decomposition” framework. It is shown that a picture of mixing and overturning across a region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) may be constructed from a relatively modest number of microstructure profiles. The rates of isoneutral and dianeutral stirring are found to exhibit distinct, characteristic, and abrupt variations: most notably, a one to two orders of magnitude suppression of isoneutral stirring in the upper kilometer of the ACC frontal jets and an order of magnitude intensification of dianeutral stirring in the subpycnocline and deepest layers of the ACC. These variations balance an overturning circulation with meridional flows of O(1) mm s−1 across the ACC’s mean thermohaline structure. Isoneutral and dianeutral stirring play complementary roles in balancing the overturning, with isoneutral processes dominating in intermediate waters and the Upper Circumpolar Deep Water and dianeutral processes prevailing in lighter and denser layers.
An Improved Liquid Water Absorption Model at Microwave Frequencies for Supercooled Liquid Water Clouds
Authors: Turner D. D. , Kneifel S. , Cadeddu M. P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn improved liquid water absorption model is developed for frequencies between 0.5 and 500 GHz. The empirical coefficients for this model were retrieved from a dataset that consists of both laboratory observations of the permittivity of liquid water (primarily at temperatures above 0°C) and field observations collected by microwave radiometers in three separate locations with observations at temperatures as low as −32°C. An optimal estimation framework is used to retrieve the model’s coefficients. This framework shows that there is high information content in the observations for seven of the nine model coefficients, but that the uncertainties in all of the coefficients result in less than 15% uncertainty in the liquid water absorption coefficient for all temperatures between −32° and 0°C and frequencies between 23 and 225 GHz. Furthermore, this model is more consistent with both the laboratory and field observations over all frequencies and temperatures than other popular absorption models.
Assessing the Surface Solar Radiation Budget in the WRF Model: A Spatiotemporal Analysis of the Bias and Its Causes
Authors: Ruiz-Arias José A. , Arbizu-Barrena Clara , Santos-Alamillos Francisco J. , Tovar-Pescador Joaquín , Pozo-Vázquez David 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Solar radiation plays a key role in the atmospheric system but its distribution throughout the atmosphere and at the surface is still very uncertain in atmospheric models, and further assessment is required. In this study, the shortwave downward total solar radiation flux (SWD) predicted by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at the surface is validated over Spain for a 10-yr period based on observations of a network of 52 radiometric stations. In addition to the traditional pointwise validation of modeled data, an original spatially continuous evaluation of the SWD bias is also conducted using a principal component analysis. Overall, WRF overestimates the mean observed SWD by 28.9 W m−2, while the bias of ERA-Interim, which provides initial and boundary conditions to WRF, is only 15.0 W m−2. An important part of the WRF SWD bias seems to be related to a very low cumulus cloud amount in the model and, possibly, a misrepresentation of the radiative impact of this type of cloud.
Traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and health-risk behavior in relation to injury among University of Nairobi students in Kenya
Authors: Othieno Caleb J , Okoth Roselyne , Peltzer Karl , Pengpid Supa , Malla Lucas O 
Published: November 2015

Objective To describe the prevalence and types of injuries in relation to traumatic experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, and health-risk behaviors among university students in Kenya. Method A cross-sectional study collected data on a random sample of university students using a questionnaire to record sociodemographic variables while injuries experiences recorded using the Centers for Disease control criteria and Breslau’s seven-item screener was used to identify post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Depressive symptoms were measured using Center for Epidemiological Studies Short Depression Scale. Results Nine hundred and twenty-three students (525 male and 365 female) were included in the study, mean age 23 years (SD 4.0). Serious injury in the previous 12 months was reported by 29.00% of the students. PTSD was present in 15.67% (men 15.39% and women 16.1%). Out of the total, 41.33% of the students had depressive symptoms (35.71% mild–moderate symptoms and 5.62% severe). In the multivariable logistic regression being poor, binge drinking, tobacco use, ever been diagnosed with HIV, physically abused as a child, high PTSD score, and depression (adjusted odds ratio 5.49, 95% confidence interval 4.32–13.21) were significantly ( p value < 5%) associated with injury in the last 12 months. Conclusion Unintentional injuries and PTSD symptoms are common in this student population and are positively linked to depression and other risky behaviors. Measures aimed at improving the mental health, such as early identification and treatment of depression, may be useful in reducing the prevalence of such injuries among the youth.
Short‐term Quality‐of‐Life Outcomes following Transoral Diverticulotomy for Zenker’s Diverticulum
Authors: Van Abel Kathryn M. , Tombers Nicole M. , Krein Kari A. , Moore Eric J. , Price Daniel L. , Kasperbauer Jan L. , Hinni Michael L. , Lott David G. , Ekbom Dale C. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo prospectively analyze quality‐of‐life outcomes following transoral diverticulotomy with cricopharyngeal myotomy (DCPM) for Zenker’s diverticulum (ZD).Study DesignProspective single‐group study.SettingsTertiary academic institution.Subjects and MethodsA prospective multicenter study performed from January 1, 2012, to July 1, 2014, included 18 patients presenting with ZD undergoing DCPM. Standardized questionnaires—including the 10‐item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT‐10), Functional Outcome of Swallowing Scale (FOSS), and the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI)—were completed preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Videofluoroscopic studies were obtained and analyzed by our senior speech‐language pathologist, who was blinded to the clinical outcomes.ResultsEighteen patients were included (11 women; mean age, 72.6 years; range, 53‐86 years). All patients had ZD on preoperative videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. The most common comorbidities included hypertension (10 of 18, 55.6%), dyslipidemia (8 of 18, 44.4%), hiatal hernia (6 of 18, 33.3%), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (5 of 18, 27.8%). Median preoperative RSI was 27 (interquartile range [IQR], 22.5‐31.5); FOSS, 2 (IQR, 2‐3); and EAT‐10, 21.5 (IQR, 13.5‐27.5). The 3‐month questionnaire (88.9% completion) demonstrated an improved median RSI of 5 (IQR, 1‐7.5; P <. 001), FOSS of 0 (IQR, 0; P <. 001), and EAT‐10 of 0 (IQR, 0‐3; P <. 001). Fourteen patients (77.8%) completed the 6‐month questionnaire, demonstrating a median RSI of 4 (IQR, 0‐8), FOSS of 0 (IQR, 0‐0.5), and EAT‐10 of 1 (IQR, 0‐3). While regurgitation decreased following surgery (P =. 007), nighttime cough did not (P =. 25).ConclusionThis study supports an improvement in functional outcome and quality of life in patients with ZD undergoing DCPM.
Author Self‐Citation in the Otolaryngology Literature
Authors: Tolisano Anthony M. , Song Sungjin A. , Cable Benjamin B. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of author self‐citation in the field of otolaryngology.Study Design and SettingA retrospective review of bibliographic references in 5 otolaryngology journals.Subjects and MethodsFive high‐impact otolaryngology journals were reviewed over a 3‐month period between January and March 2014 to identify the pattern of author self‐citations. Data included study type, otolaryngology topic, authorship, total citations, author self‐citations, and country of origin.ResultsNearly two‐thirds of articles contained at least 1 self‐citation, with an average of 2.6 self‐citations per article. Self‐citations represented nearly 10% of total citations. Articles with at least 1 self‐citation had more authors (5.8 vs 4.9, P <. 01) and more citations (30.4 vs 22.2, P <. 01) per article than did those without self‐citations. There was no difference in self‐citation practices between articles originating within the United States and abroad (P =. 65). Last authors were the most frequent self‐citers and were more likely than lead authors to cite themselves (P <. 01). Original reports contained the highest percentage of self‐citations per article as compared with reviews and case reports (P <. 01).ConclusionAuthor self‐citation in the otolaryngology literature is common and compares similarly to other medical specialties previously studied. Self‐citation should not be considered inappropriate, as it is often done to expand on earlier research. Nevertheless, editors, researchers, and readers should be aware of this increasingly recognized phenomenon and its associated potential implications to the process of scientific inquiry.
Machine-Learning-Based Prediction of a Missed Scheduled Clinical Appointment by Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Kurasawa Hisashi , Hayashi Katsuyoshi , Fujino Akinori , Takasugi Koichi , Haga Tsuneyuki , Waki Kayo , Noguchi Takashi , Ohe Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2015

Background: About 10% of patients with diabetes discontinue treatment, resulting in the progression of diabetes-related complications and reduced quality of life. Objective: The objective was to predict a missed clinical appointment (MA), which can lead to discontinued treatment for diabetes patients. Methods: A machine-learning algorithm was used to build a logistic regression model for MA predictions, with L2-norm regularization used to avoid over-fitting and 10-fold cross validation used to evaluate prediction performance. Data associated with patient MAs were extracted from electronic medical records and classified into two groups: one related to patients’ clinical condition (X1) and the other related to previous findings (X2). The records used were those of the University of Tokyo Hospital, and they included the history of 16 026 clinical appointments scheduled by 879 patients whose initial clinical visit had been made after January 1, 2004, who had diagnostic codes indicating diabetes, and whose HbA1c had been tested within 3 months after their initial visit. Records between April 1, 2011, and June 30, 2014, were inspected for a history of MAs. Results: The best predictor of MAs proved to be X1 + X2 (AUC = 0.958); precision and recall rates were, respectively, 0.757 and 0.659. Among all the appointment data, the day of the week when an appointment was made was most strongly associated with MA predictions (weight = 2.22). Conclusions: Our findings may provide information to help clinicians make timely interventions to avoid MAs.
Pain-related Somato Sensory Evoked Potentials: a potential new tool to improve the prognostic prediction of coma after cardiac arrest
Authors: Zanatta Paolo , Linassi Federico , Mazzarolo Anna Paola , Aricò Maria , Bosco Enrico , Bendini Matteo , Sorbara Carlo , Ori Carlo , Carron Michele , Scarpa Bruno 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionEarly prediction of a good outcome in comatose patients after cardiac arrest still remains an unsolved problem. The main aim of the present study was to examine the accuracy of middle-latency SSEP triggered by a painful electrical stimulation on median nerves to predict a favorable outcome.MethodsNo- and low-flow times, pupillary reflex, Glasgow motor score and biochemical data were evaluated at ICU admission. The following were considered within 72 h of cardiac arrest: highest creatinine value, hyperthermia occurrence, EEG, SSEP at low- (10 mA) and high-intensity (50 mA) stimulation, and blood pressure reactivity to 50 mA. Intensive care treatments were also considered. Data were compared to survival, consciousness recovery and 6-month CPC (Cerebral Performance Category).ResultsPupillary reflex and EEG were statistically significant in predicting survival; the absence of blood pressure reactivity seems to predict brain death within 7 days of cardiac arrest. Middle- and short-latency SSEP were statistically significant in predicting consciousness recovery, and middle-latency SSEP was statistically significant in predicting 6-month CPC outcome. The prognostic capability of 50 mA middle-latency-SSEP was demonstrated to occur earlier than that of EEG reactivity.ConclusionsNeurophysiological evaluation constitutes the key to early information about the neurological prognostication of postanoxic coma. In particular, the presence of 50 mA middle-latency SSEP seems to be an early and reliable predictor of good neurological outcome, and its absence constitutes a marker of poor prognosis. Moreover, the absence 50 mA blood pressure reactivity seems to identify patients evolving towards the brain death.
Non-volcanic crustal movements of the northernmost Philippine Sea plate detected by the GPS-acoustic seafloor positioning
Authors: Watanabe Shun-ichi , Ishikawa Tadashi , Yokota Yusuke 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRepeatedly performing the GPS-acoustic seafloor positioning, we first succeeded in detecting non-volcanic seafloor movements on the Philippine Sea plate (PHS) subducting along the Sagami Trough. At a seafloor geodetic site on the northernmost part of the PHS off the Boso Peninsula, we detected significant eastward motion with respect to the central part of the PHS. This is unaccountable by the coupling between the Pacific plate and the PHS along the Izu-Bonin (Ogasawara) Trench because it would cause the westward elastic deformation at BOSS. It is rather consistent with the rigid motion of the tectonic block in the fore-arc along the Izu-Bonin Trench, associated with the back-arc rift. The other site on the western side of the Sagami Bay had moved toward the north relative to the Izu Peninsula. It suggests that the Izu microplate obviously moves relative to the northern PHS. The difference between the velocities of the Sagami Bay and the Izu Peninsula indicates the coupling on the boundary fault as well.
Club Policies for Mouth Protectors and Dental Emergency Cover in Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) Affiliated Junior Teams
Authors: Broad Mike , Welbury Richard 
Published: November 2015

Aims To determine whether club policies exist for junior players concerning the wearing of mouth protectors during training and playing, and whether dental emergency cover is present on both training and match days at Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) affiliated junior clubs. Method A self-reporting structured questionnaire, sent to all SRU affiliated clubs with junior playing members. Results Response rate was 77% (117 out of 151 clubs) showing a wide variation in policies and implementation. Exclusion was reported from training in 11% (13 out of 151) and from playing on match days in 17% (20 out of 151) of clubs if a mouth protector was not worn. The majority of clubs advocated that shop-bought protectors were satisfactory. First aiders were present at training at 86% (130 out of 151) and on match days at 95% (143 out of 151) of clubs. Fewer than 1% had a dentist and only 3% a doctor present at training. On match days fewer than 2% had a dentist and fewer than 20% a doctor present. Conclusion There is a wide variation in club policies and guidelines thus allowing parents, players and club staff considerable latitude in interpretation. A significant number of youngsters will be at increased risk of dental injury. First aiders are present in a significant number of clubs during training and playing.
Curiosity over conformity: The Maker’s Palette – a case for hands-on learning
Authors: Blakey Sharon , McFadyen Jane 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Maker’s Palette is a creative model delivering hands-on learning and teaching. Devised in 2007 in response to increasingly risk-averse students within the Manchester School of Art, its craft centred approach empowers the individual to take ownership of their personal creative development. Informed by the creative thinking theories of J. P. Guilford and the professional practice of the author, the implementation of the model into the undergraduate curriculum resulted in unexpected impact beyond the university. Consciously designed with flexible parameters that enabled a variety of delivery modes it offered opportunities to address teacher development and the challenges of embedding process focused creative methodologies into the classroom. This article argues that the Maker’s Palette provides a compelling model for hands-on learning and offers evidence that could be further developed and used to support, validate and underpin an approach currently at threat within academic establishments at every level of education.
Undergraduate student involvement in Fashion and Textile research
Authors: Burbidge Helen 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This work provides an insight into a functioning partnership between one academic member of staff and one student. The student was effectively paid to learn in an area that benefitted their interests and employability, as they undertook an internship and the academic acquired an extra pair of hands to carry out the tasks that they had difficulty finding the time to do. These tasks were the first stages of research enquiry, where the time intensity of their practical nature had meant the academic had failed to embark on their research journey sooner. This case study reviews the impact of taking on an undergraduate student as a paid intern to help an academic begin their research. The benefits and draw backs from the academic and student perspective are discussed, as are the difficulties found in establishing a foothold on the first steps to research. Whilst beginning research can be difficult, it is a requirement of the academic role. With much debate surrounding the quality of work nationally from Fashion and Textile (F&T) contributions, it could be seen as a level of judgment that is preferably avoided. Statistics discussed in the work show little involvement from F&T academics and this was felt to be a result of a lack of time and guidance. Where the internship was expected to free up the academic’s time there were unseen problems that hindered progress, but also benefits that helped to shape the direction of research. Student involvement in research helped to narrow the academic’s focus into an achievable outcome and has highlighted the benefit of working with others. The findings detail the partnership as a positive experience and raises awareness of areas that need to be addressed within Institutions, so that academics can be helped into beginning research, particularly in F&T subjects.