bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sedurot in orientalischen Bibelhandschriften
Authors: Oesch Josef M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The text of the Hebrew Bible is divided into sections, which are marked by Petuhot and Setumot. The Mishna prescribed their correct identification to the scribes (2nd century AD). Some medieval manuscripts also exhibit a third structural sign, the Sedura. Its form is described in detail in the Ashkenazi “Machsor Vitry,” but its function is not defined. This note proves that, contrary to popular belief, the sedura also occurs in oriental manuscripts, and I propose that it functions as a kind of “placeholder” in cases of uncertain transmission of the Petuhot or Setumot because its form allows the reciter to read it as Petuha or Setuma or to ignore it. Therefore I call for the correct identification of the Sedura in the Hebrew editions of the Bible which reproduce the text of the Codex Leningradensis.
Description of Aphelenchoides yixingensis n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) found in Pinus massoniana from China, and proposal for genus Ptychaphelenchus as a synonym of Aphelenchoides
Authors: Fang Yiwu , Gu Jianfeng , Ma Xinxin , Li Hongmei 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Aphelenchoides yixingensis n. sp. found in Chinese red pine (Pinus massoniana) in Yixing city, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China, is described. It is characterised by a very slim body (a = 50.8 (41.3-63.8) and 49.3 (42.3-55.1) for males and females, respectively), three (occasionally five) lateral lines in the lateral field, a short stylet (9-12 μm), the excretory pore located at the level of nerve ring, the vagina is not sclerotised and the vulva has slightly protruding lips and lacks a flap, the post-uterine sac is well developed and forms ca 29.0% (24.1-34.1%) of the vulva to anus distance. The spicules are smoothly arcuate, the apex and rostrum rounded and short, and the dorsal limb is 20.5 (16.9-22.2) μm long, the distal end bluntly rounded. Spicule sheath-like structure is present, triangular and outstretched when heat-killed in some individuals. The male tail bears three pairs (2 + 2 + 2) of caudal papillae. The tail of both sexes is sub-cylindrical, the terminus bearing a bluntly pointed mucron with tiny nodular protuberances, mainly at the distal part. The new species belongs to the Group 2 category of Aphelenchoides species sensu Shahina and is defined as A2-B1-C1-D1-E2-F2 according to the categorisation codes of OEPP/EPPO. Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S and 28S D2-D3 of rDNA, along with ITS and mtCOI, confirmed its status as a new species. A proposal for genus Ptychaphelenchus as a synonym of Aphelenchoides is also discussed.
Characterisation of ‘giant’ cysts of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, present in potato fields in Kenya
Authors: Price James A. , Hunt Kelsey , Nyagah Newton , Orage Calvince , Mwaura Onesmus , Haukeland Solveig , Coyne Danny , Jones John T. 
Published: July 2024

Summary
Potato production in East Africa is seriously impacted by the potato cyst nematode (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis, where it has been recorded in at least three countries. In Kenya, it is widespread in all major potato-growing regions, often at very high densities. Consecutive cropping of potato on the same land and a sub-tropical climate have influenced PCN biology. For example, unusually large cysts have been regularly recovered. We have analysed the biological properties of these ‘giant cysts’. The giant cysts contained more eggs than those recovered from UK fields. Egg size did not differ from UK populations and there was no difference in overall lipid content or lipid profile in J2 from giant cysts, compared to control samples. The nematodes in giant cysts were also genetically indistinguishable from any other G. rostochiensis sampled. When grown under UK glasshouse conditions, the offspring of nematodes from giant cysts were no different in size from those grown from control cysts, indicating that gigantism is not a heritable trait and may simply reflect favourable conditions for PCN under Kenyan farming systems. To date, all the PCN tested from Kenya, including those from giant cysts, are avirulent on potato cultivars containing the resistance gene.
The Impact of Domestic Japanese Politics on the English East India Company in Japan, 1613–1623
Authors: Fugetsu Shoya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The English East India Company’s (EIC) enterprise in Japan (1613–1623) is widely recognized as a failure. Scholars of the English-speaking world have emphasized the lack of vendible commodities, the EIC traders’ mismanagement, and Japanese hostility towards Christianity. Nevertheless, these narratives often overlook the political and strategic interests of Japan, in the era of political uncertainty after the long warring-states period. This paper re-examines the EIC traders’ records against recent studies on Japanese politics. The careful observations of political movements surrounding the Siege of Osaka (1614–1615) reveal how the EIC traders were involved in the dynamics of Japanese history. Within the framework of mercantile connections supported by “mutual benefits,” the present study demonstrates how the EIC gradually faced difficulties as the Japanese interests shifted, thus arguing that not only European overseas activity but also the active endeavor of the Asian counterparts significantly influenced global interactions of the early seventeenth century.
The Spiritual Garment in Medieval Islamic Mysticism and Kabbalah
Authors: Kahan Yinon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article seeks to compare two of the most significant mystical corpora of Judaism and Islam, Zoharic literature and the oeuvre of Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-ʿArabī (1165–1240) respectively. Following a few pioneering studies on relations between Jewish and Islamic mysticism in the medieval Iberian Peninsula from recent years, this article intends to contribute further to the understanding of such relations. It compares one motif or concept shared by both corpora, that of the spiritual garment, according to which the different realms of creation are divine “garments” that cover the Godhead or veil the primordial divine light. It suggests that the similarities between Zoharic literature and Ibn al-ʿArabī’s writings can be explained by their shared roots, which can be traced to the tradition of Arabic Neoplatonism. Some possible Neoplatonic sources for the similarity between the two corpora are also discussed.
‘Resisting’ while Collaboratively Informing in Communist Czechoslovakia
Authors: Holá Barbora , Drumbl Mark A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Informers in the service of state secret police collaborate with authorities and thus contribute to the power of repressive regimes. Through a case-study of Communist Czechoslovakia (1945–1989)—and drawing from secret police archives– this article presents selected stories of informers who in one way or another also ‘resisted’ collaboration with the Czechoslovak State Security (StB). By doing so, we try to further complexify the notions of ’everyday resistance’, on the one hand, and ‘collaboration’ on the other. We demonstrate that resistant acts, similar to collaborative acts, can be apolitically devoid of ideology, highly idiosyncratic, and motivated by private drivers. Informing can be a tool of social navigation—namely, making the most out of one’s circumstances—in repressive times. Hence, resisting while informing also can be approached as a method for an individual to maximize opportunities within the overlapping incentives—both public and private, personal and professional—that contour decision-making and social action in repressive regimes.
Autocracies and the International Criminal Court: Civil Society Engagement, Dissident ngo s, and the Pursuit of Justice
Authors: Lohne Kjersti 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The rising tide of autocratization does not bode well for the International Criminal Court (icc), which has almost exclusively intervened in contexts of autocratic rule. As the Court is dependent not only on state cooperation but also on non-governmental organizations (ngo s) for effectiveness and legitimacy, this article explores the role—if any—of dissident ngo s in the pursuit of justice for international crimes committed under autocratic regimes. It shows that, while ngo s have been fundamental to the working of the icc, autocratic states are particularly challenging for the icc and ngo s to operate in. Despite this, ngo s may have found new ways of holding autocratic states to account for international crimes—with or without the icc.
Authoritarianism, Popular Resistance and Regime Change in Zambia
Authors: McLoughlin Stephen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 1990, after 17 years of authoritarian rule under inaugural president, Kenneth Kaunda, Zambia looked to be on the precipice of prolonged instability and violence. Authoritarianism showed no signs of softening; the country’s economic decline continued to heap misery on a population where the vast majority were already living in poverty; and the banning of opposition parties in 1973 meant that there was no legitimate political opposition to challenge to Kaunda’s rule. Over the 1970s and 1980s, opposition to Kaunda found expression in various civil society organisations, eventually coalescing into a broad-church Movement for Multiparty Democracy (mmd). When the price of the national staple, maize, doubled overnight, protests quickly escalated into riots, killing dozens. However, instead of an escalation of violence, the mmd pushed Kaunda to engage in political reform. What followed was a decision by Kaunda to lift the ban on opposition parties, leading to his electoral defeat. How did the growing opposition rule precipitate a peaceful transition to multi-party democracy? In this article I argue that Kaunda’s inclusive ideology, which avoided the politicization of ethnicity allowed for a more inclusive and peaceful transition away from authoritarian rule.
Religion after Critique
Authors: Tayob Abdulkader 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the last few decades, religion and its terms have shown to be implicated in projects of colonial modernity. While this critique of religion is now generally accepted, the term continues to be used in the field with little regard to its history and its colonial construction. This essay aims to bring greater attention to the continuing relevance of religion in contemporary society as articulated in postcolonial scholarship. It proposes closer attention to the critique of religion in the work of David Chidester, Talal Asad and Charles Long. Two distinct dimensions of religion are identified in their work. The first is a construction of religion in colonial modernity, while the second suggests ways of studying religions in light of this construction. I show in this essay that their work points to multiple complementary ways of studying religions in the contemporary. Their work suggests that the field of religious studies cannot ignore its discursive history and construction.
The Bull, the Cave and the Angel
Authors: Lagioia Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article aims to reconsider some previous explanations, and to propose new reflections on the genesis and function of the hagiographical text known as the Apparitio Sancti Michaelis in Monte Gargano. After a brief consideration of the narrative’s environmental setting, the sections of the legend are presented and analysed. The analysis focuses on selected topics: the hagiographer’s intention to convey the idea of a cultic substitution in the Gargano, the hagiographical topos of the animal uncovering the divinity, and the symbolic value of the characters involved. The date of the work’s composition, its intent, and issues of authorship are therefore examined.
The End of the Eclipse for Enlightened Reformation: The Classics and New Interpretations
Authors: Pombo Nívia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article revisits classic historiographical discussions about the concepts of Enlightened Despotism and Enlightened Absolutism with the aim of identifying the role played by the related notion of Enlightened Reformism. It draws inspiration from new theoretical and methodological perspectives that challenge the traditional view of Enlightenment as a phenomenon centered on a single diffusion center, as exemplified by Global History, which emphasizes the co-produced nature of the Eighteenth-century Enlightenment. A turning point is considered to be the investigations carried out by historians in the 1970s, such as Franco Venturi, who, by acknowledging a "reforming eighteenth century," expanded the scope of Enlightened Reformism, seen beyond the Enlightenment and Absolutism. Enlightened Reformism is a central theme in Ibero-American historiography, increasingly viewed as an organizing concept for governmental actions in the Atlantic empires between 1750 and 1830. With a broader scope of discussions, research addresses the relationship between Enlightened Reformism and topics such as the management of distant territories, slavery, agricultural development, mineral extraction, scientific voyages, and resistance. Studies also delve deeper into the critique of the vocabulary and theories that underpinned reformist discourses, some of which laid the foundations for the processes of independence in the American colonies in the early 19th century.
Constitutional Damages in South Africa: A Transformative Approach
Authors: Zitzke Emile 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article explores when constitutional damages can and should be awarded in South African law. The history of the divergence between common-law damages and constitutional damages (and the uncertainty that might arise about which type of damages a victim of an injury ought to pursue) is explored. Thereafter, a critical and constructive interpretation of the case law on constitutional damages is provided, which sets the scene for a precedent-inspired three-step approach to constitutional damages adjudication. This approach is then defended as a transformative constitutional one which squares easily against the notion of constitutional adjudicative subsidiarity.
Organizational Partiality and Relational Equality
Authors: Rozeboom Grant J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
If you are a member of an organization, how should you be committed to its aims and values? I argue that relational equality requires organizational superiors – those endowed with higher authority within organizations – generally to make decisions on the basis of pertinent organizational aims and values, even when there are competing extra-organizational moral considerations. I start with cases of objectionable managerial moral activism, in which superiors take the moral law into their own hands, shirking organizational aims and values for the sake of extra-organizational moral considerations. Since these managerial decisions enforce moral norms on subordinates, and since the moral norms that superiors enforce do not correspond to reasonably expected organizational aims and values (at least those that are compatible with relational equality), the superiors thereby treat subordinates as moral inferiors. This implies that relational equality requires an important form of organizational partiality of organizational superiors.
Privacy and Security in the Cloud: Re-thinking about the State of Research in Tanzania and South Africa
Authors: Mwamlangala Doreen F. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cloud computing is widely embraced worldwide because of its significant economic advantages. Nevertheless, the implementation of this technology exacerbates concerns over privacy and security. This article seeks to examine the main body of research on privacy and security in cloud computing, with a specific emphasis on Tanzania and South Africa. The author claims that the literature is continuously developing. There is a need for more research on the subject from a technological standpoint. The survey indicates a distinct prospect for future investigation and governance. This article suggests that further investigation should be undertaken from a legal perspective.
Human Right to a Clean Environment: General Reflections
Authors: Fitzmaurice Malgosia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the substantive and procedural right to a clean environment. The universal right (based on the 2022 Resolution of the UNGA) is critically analysed from the point of view of its universality in the context of Global North and Global South. The procedural environmental right is less controversial. In this article is analysed within the context of the ECHR and the Aarhus Convention. Environmental Impact Assessment is dealt with from the points of view of environmental information and public participation in environmental matters.
Climate Change Litigation: General Perspectives and Emerging Trends
Authors: Rydberg Agnes Viktoria 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article provides an overview of the historical and current landscape of climate change litigation, highlighting its transformative impact on public perceptions and governmental policies globally. Ground-breaking cases have compelled States to adopt more ambitious greenhouse gas reduction targets, whilst emphasising a rights-based approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation measures. In fact, strategic climate change litigation is gaining momentum and is likely to continue in volume and importance. This allows for the targeting of a wider range of actors, not least within the private sector, which in turn can pose financial risks to fossil fuel firms. The article also discusses certain emerging trends in the context of climate change litigation, as well as the potential for a shift towards personal responsibility and inter-state arbitration in 2024. It concludes that climate change litigation emerges as a powerful strategy, capable of influencing policy, ensure accountability, and drive systemic change towards climate justice for present and future generations.
Stories Are Still Not Lived but Told
Authors: Ohara João 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In Adrian Currie and Daniel Swaim’s “minimal realism”, the stories we tell about the world can grasp better or worse certain patterns that exist independently of us in the world. Accordingly, from their perspective, disagreements about these stories could at least sometimes be solved by empirical means – by “looking at the world”. In this paper, I offer some reasons why a Minkean narrativist would not be moved by Currie and Swaim’s “minimal realism”, at least when it comes to human history. In short, the Minkean narrativist sees no compelling reasons to assume that the beginnings, middles, and endings of the stories we tell about the world correspond to beginnings, middles, and endings that are inherent in the phenomena themselves. These are not properties of events, but parts of the narrative structure through which we understand certain entities or processes in the world.
“The Hand That Tried to Feed You”
Authors: Milazzo Marzia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article offers an in-depth reading of Flora Veit-Wild’s They Called You Dambudzo: A Memoir (2020) and its contentious racial politics of representation. Through the memoir, which I contend is an apologia pro vita sua, a justification for the author’s own life and work, Veit-Wild seeks to dispel long-standing accusations that she has benefitted from Dambudzo Marechera and his legacy. As she depicts herself as a magnanimous activist and scholar, Veit-Wild reverses the script by portraying Marechera as a “galling scoundrel” who “depended on others to sustain him.” In the process, far from offering an authoritative portrait of Marechera that we can trust, the memoir dehumanises the writer. Suggesting that Veit-Wild’s relationship with Marechera was motivated more by racialised objectification than love and respect, the text reproduces a white saviour narrative that reinscribes racist tropes of representation. While it also engages other works by Veit-Wild, this article delves into They Called You Dambudzo’s (un)critical reception, its unsettling portrayal of Marechera as a spoilt, ungrateful, and mentally ill writer who “had a way of taking for granted whatever was done for him,” Veit-Wild’s self-representation as both Marechera’s victim and saviour, her misappropriation of Marechera’s thought to enforce colourblindness, and the vexed colonial politics of speaking for others that the memoir lays bare.
Liability of Non-State Actors for Scope 3-Emissions
Authors: Brans Edward , Peters Mathijs 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Scope 3 emissions of non-state actors are increasingly relevant. These emissions are becoming more significant in the legal debate regarding climate change mitigation and liability. There are various reasons for this trend, such as increasing attention for these emissions in litigation, ipcc reports and (legal) literature. This contribution focusses on the legal questions that arise in cases concerning scope 3 emissions. However, the focus in this contribution is primarily on the Milieudefensie/Shell case in which a significant best-efforts obligation has been imposed to reduce scope 3 emissions. A reduction order that seems to be unique worldwide.
Environmental Protections During Armed Conflict as Supportive Mechanisms for the Prevention of Atrocity Crimes
Authors: Breitwieser-Faria Yvonne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The potential exacerbating impact of environmental damage incurred during armed conflict has gained increasing attention in regional and international fora. The links between conflict and the environment are indirect, but irrefutable. Environmental damage further has the potential to adversely affect risk factors associated with atrocity crimes. It is necessary to consider adequate environmental protections to avoid serious and negative long-lasting effects, and to prevent the exacerbation of conflicts into atrocity crimes. The vulnerability of the population generally and the environment is evident in armed conflict. This article explores the nexus between environmental damage and atrocity crimes generally before considering existing environmental protections during armed conflict and opportunities for progressive development. It argues that the enhancement of existing international legal obligations either through additional protections or improved implementation measures is necessary to protect the environment and contribute to the reduction of the risk of atrocity crimes.
The Tundra Yukaghir Language in a Multilingual Environment
Authors: Pupynina Maria , Vakhtin Nikolai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The article presents the results of a longitudinal study of the language situation in a multilingual village of Andryushkino (northeast of the Sakha Republic). It is one of two localities where the endangered Tundra Yukaghir (TY) language is still used. Data on TY proficiency were collected in this village by one of the authors in 1987 and then, 35 years later, by the other author in 2022. In both cases, the same methodology for assessing the degree of language competence (DLC) with the help of experts was used. Comparison of data from 1987 and 2022 shows a significant decrease in DLC in younger and middle-aged generations. Our data include 13 people whose DLC was assessed in both studies. The degree of TY competence in six cases out of thirteen has increased over 35 years. The article provides several possible explanations for this growth against the background of linguistic biographies of the speakers and the multicultural and multilingual environment of the village of Andryushkino.