bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Approach for Permeability Estimation in Carbonate Rocks
Authors: Trevizan W. , Coutinho B. , Netto P. , Rios E. , Ramos P. , Salazar J. , Bressan M. 
Published: October 2015

Complex pore structure in carbonate rocks causes the petrophysical characterization and formation evaluation a challenge. Permeability is one of the main evaluation parameters for determining the potential production of a reservoir because it defines the ability of fluids to flow through rocks. It is not possible to directly measure permeability using a wireline tool; one method to obtain it, however, is from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) logs using various models such as Timur-Coates, T2LM (Kenyon) and P-connectivity which are adjusted using laboratory core analysis.
Interpretation methods were developed to obtain permeability of the formation from NMR readings. These models relate permeability with other petrophysical properties such as porosity that can be directly estimated using well log information. The NMR models include parameters such as c, m, n and T2,cutoff, that must be calibrated with NMR laboratory analyses because they vary for each formation. In some cases, NMR models must be modified to estimate rock permeability more accurately.
This paper presents a workflow to modify the NMR models to determine permeability in carbonate rocks. The correlation between conventional laboratory core analysis and NMR permeability from Timur-Coates and Kenyon models is improved using an adjustment factor applicable for each equation. The adjustment factor can be correlated with petrophysical properties of the rocks such as NMR porosity, the irreducible fluid volume (BVI) and the moveable fluid volume (BVM). The results of calculating NMR permeability in carbonate rocks applying the modified equations to laboratory data and NMR log is also presented. Permeability from formation tests is used to correlate with NMR permeability using log data.
Mésaventure ou mauvaises habitudes ?
Authors: Côté Denyse , Simard Étienne 
Published: October 2015

Les groupes de femmes du Québec ont progressivement arrimé leurs interventions à une nouvelle arène politique : la « gouvernance partagée » régionale (Côté et Tremblay-Fournier, 2011; Masson, 2001). Dès 1997, le gouvernement du Québec consacrait en effet la « place des femmes en développement régional », créant par la suite, en 2003, une obligation de résultat dans ce domaine. Parallèlement, il mettait sur pied en 1996 un fonds local de soutien à l’économie sociale pour répondre aux demandes du mouvement féministe de la Marche « Du pain et des roses ». Mais les femmes semblent avoir disparu depuis du discours local sur l’économie sociale. Cette absence se vérifie-t-elle toujours? Cet article tente de répondre à la question à l’aide d’une recherche de terrain effectuée auprès d’intervenants locaux en économie sociale.
Management of acute pain
Authors: Goldstein Frederick J 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In the United States, acute pain is still an undertreated condition. Effective management requires: (1) an understanding of the neurophysiologic, pathologic, sociologic, psychologic, and spiritual components present in the suffering patient; (2) proper and continual assessment using a pain scale (preferably 0 to 10); (3) charting the pain as the fifth vital sign; (4) use of preemptive analgesia to reduce postsurgical pain; (5) knowledge of barriers that exist among healthcare professionals, patients, and health care systems so that they can be countered; (6) recognition that neuropathic pain may be more effectively treated with local anesthestics, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants than with opioids; (7) knowledge that in certain conditions, nonsteroidalanti-inflammatory drugs will be more effective than acetaminophen. The physician must also clearly understand that opioids do not cause addiction (psychological dependence). Osteopathic physicians also have the additional benefit of providing nonpharmacologic treatment to patients presenting with acute pain.
Osteopathic manipulation for management of pain
Authors: Nicholas Alexander S , Bezilla Todd A , Jones Ruth 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Pain, both acute and chronic, is a common problem among patients seeking treatment. Mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli alone or in combination initiate acute pain that if sufficiently intense and prolonged, can produce somatic dysfunction. Early diagnosis followed by commencement of osteopathic manipulative treatment suchas high-velocity, low-amplitude; muscle energy; counterstrain; facilitated positional release; and myofascial release can reduce acute pain and prevent its transformation into a chronic disorder.
Professional identification and affiliation of the 1992 graduate class of the colleges of osteopathic medicine
Authors: Aguwa Margaret I , Liechty Daniel Koop 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This survey of the 1992 graduates of colleges of osteopathic medicine included questions regarding their identification with the osteopathic medical profession from application to medical school through residency training and practice. Findings of the study demonstrate that a large majority of graduates regard the profession positively. However, many express concerns about the limited training in advanced osteopathic manipulative skills, with several indicating a low level of confidence in integrating osteopathic techniques into clinical practice. Study respondents also assert that the osteopathic medical profession has yet to effectively project and promote its distinctiveness to the general public. These factors affect the overall identification and affiliation of the respondents to the osteopathic medical profession.Previous anecdotal and research reports suggested that a migration of graduates into non osteopathic postgraduate training programs and the de-emphasis of osteopathic manipulative medicine in clinical training sites have created an identity crisis within the profession. These reports stimulated the undertaking of this study. Challenges to the profession addressed in this paper include: (1) requiring advanced training in osteopathic manipulative medicine after the second year of medical school; (2) creating an awareness of the need for increased professional visibility; (3) producing effective public relations strategies to portray the osteopathic medical profession accurately; and (4) generating sufficient funds to carry out these strategies.
Current management of Heliobacter pylori infection
Authors: Pasternak Herbert I 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection continues to be one of the hottest topics in gastroenterology, challenging the primary care physician daily with the clinical application of its new developments and frequency of involvement in differential diagnosis. This article offers'the primary care physician a practical approach to the dyspeptic office patient that emphasizes the differential diagnosis of H pylori. Included is a strategy for rapid patient evaluation through key questions in the history, simple maneuvers in the physical examination, and a logical approach to testing and therapy based on the latest literature. The recommendations for all these office-based steps are designed to be efficient, cost-effective, and clinically relevant.
Management of behavioral problems in elderly patients with dementia
Authors: Komara Francis A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A major challenge confronting healthcare providers in geriatrics involves the treatment of behavior problems in the elderly patient with dementia. The agitation affects the patient and the caregiver and their quality of life. A definitive diagnosis is difficult, and treatment often involves the injudicious use of medications. The purpose of this article is to identify the disorders involved, the assessment strategies, and pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic modes of therapy.
Pigmented Skin Lesion Biopsies After Computer-Aided Multispectral Digital Skin Lesion Analysis
Authors: Winkelmann Richard R. , Tucker Natalie , White Richard , Rigel Darrell S. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Background: The incidence of melanoma has been rising over the past century. With 37% of patients presenting to their primary care physician with at least 1 skin problem, primary care physicians and other nondermatologist practitioners have substantial opportunity to make an impact at the forefront of the disease process. New diagnostic aids have been developed to augment physician analysis of suspicious pigmented skin lesions (PSLs).

Objective: To determine the effects of computer-aided multispectral digital skin lesion analysis (MSDSLA) on dermatologists’ and nondermatologist clinicians’ decisions to biopsy suspicious PSLs after clinical and dermatoscopic evaluation.

Methods: Participants were shown 6 images of PSLs. For each PSL, participants were asked 3 times if they would biopsy the lesion: first after reviewing a clinical image of the PSL, again after reviewing a high-resolution dermatoscopic image, and again after reviewing MSDSLA probability findings. An answer was right if a melanoma or high-risk lesion was selected for biopsy or a low-risk lesion was not selected for biopsy. An answer was wrong if a melanoma or high-risk lesion was not selected for biopsy or a low-risk lesion was selected for biopsy. Clinicians’ decisions to biopsy were evaluated using χ2 analysis for proportions.

Results: Data were analyzed from a total of 212 participants, 177 of whom were dermatologists. Overall, sensitivity of clinical image review was 63%; dermatoscopic image review, 5%; and MSDSLA, 83%. Specificity of clinical image review was 59%; dermatoscopic image review, 40%; and MSDSLA, 76%. Biopsy decision accuracy was 61% after review of clinical images, 52% after review of dermatoscopic images, and 80% after review of MSDSLA findings. The number of lesions participants indicated that they would biopsy increased significantly, from 52% after reviewing clinical images to 63% after reviewing dermatoscopic images (P<.001). However, the overall number of specimens that participants indicated they would biopsy did not change significantly after they reviewed MSDSLA findings (53%).

Conclusion: Sensitivity, specificity, and biopsy decision accuracy increased after clinicians reviewed MSDSLA findings. The use of objective, computer-based diagnostic aids such as MSDSLA during clinical evaluations of ambiguous PSLs could aid clinicians’ decisions to biopsy such lesions.
Learning With Reflection: Practices in an Osteopathic Surgery Clinical Clerkship Through an Online Module
Authors: Lewis Kadriye O. , Farber Susan , Chen Haiqin , Peska Don N. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Context: The value of reflective practices has gained momentum in osteopathic medical education. However, the use of reflective pedagogies has not been explored in the larger context of medical course delivery and design, to the authors’ knowledge.

Objective: To determine the types of reflection demonstrated by osteopathic medical students on an online discussion board and to explore differences in discussion engagement caused by the use of a reflective learning self-assessment tool.

Methods: Using a mixed-method approach, reflection processes in an osteopathic surgery clinical clerkship online module were investigated in third-year osteopathic medical students. Discussion board messages were captured and coded. Both manual coding techniques and automated interrogation using NVivo9 (a computer program) for qualitative data were applied. Correlations of scores across 4 case-based discussion tasks and scores for self-reflection were computed as quantitative data.

Results: Twenty-eight students were included. Four main types of reflection (ie, content, contextual, dialogic, and personal) along with corresponding differentiated subthemes for each type of case-based discussion board group message were identified. Group collaboration revealed insights about the reflection process itself and also about the evidence of collective efforts, group engagements, and intragroup support among students. Student preparation revealed that students’ metacognition was triggered when they judged their own contributions to group work. Challenges in completing readings and meeting deadlines were related to the students’ long work hours.

Conclusion: Reflective practices are essential to the practice of osteopathic medicine and medical education. Curricula can promote the development of reflective skills by integrating these deliberate practices in educational activities.
Twelve-Month Contraceptive Supply Policies and Medicaid Contraceptive Dispensing
Authors: Rodriguez Maria I. , Meath Thomas H. A. , Daly Ashley , Watson Kelsey , McConnell K. John , Kim Hyunjee 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceNineteen states have passed legislation requiring insurers to cover the dispensation of a 12-month supply of short-acting, hormonal contraception.ObjectiveTo determine whether 12-month contraceptive supply policies were associated with an increase in the receipt of 12-month or longer supply of contraception.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included data from all female Medicaid enrollees aged 18 to 44 years who used short-acting hormonal contraception (ie, pill, patch, or ring) from 2016 to 2020.ExposuresEleven treatment states where legislation required insurers to cover a 12-month supply of contraception to continuing users and 25 comparison states without such legislation prior to December 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresProportion of contraception months received via a single 12-month or longer fill.ResultsThis study included 48 255 512 months of dispensed oral pill, patch, and ring contraception prescription supply among 4 778 264 female Medicaid enrollees. The majority of months of supplied contraception were for the contraceptive pill rather than the patch or ring. In a staggered difference-in-differences model, the 12-month supply policy was associated with an estimated 4.39–percentage point (pp) increase (95% CI, 4.38 pp-4.40 pp) in the proportion of contraception dispensed as part of a 12-month or longer supply, from a mean of 0.11% in treatment states during the first quarter of the study period. Investigating the heterogeneity in policy association across states, California stood out with a 7.17-pp increase (95% CI, 7.15 pp-7.19 pp) in the proportion of contraception dispensed as a 12-month or longer supply; in the other 10 treatment states, the policy association was less than 1 pp.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of Medicaid recipients using short-acting hormonal contraception, the passage of a 12-month contraceptive supply policy was associated with a minimal increase in the proportion of contraception dispensed through a 12-month or longer supply.
Acute Kidney Injury and High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Levels in the Emergency Department
Authors: Cyon Love , Kadesjö Erik , Edgren Gustaf , Roos Andreas 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe clinical implications of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) measurements in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the emergency department (ED) are largely unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate associations between serum creatinine (SCr) concentrations and hs-cTnT kinetics, as well as the clinical accuracy of hs-cTnT for myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with AKI.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study included 15 111 patient visits to 7 EDs in Sweden from December 9, 2010, to August 31, 2017, by patients 18 years or older fulfilling AKI criteria with 2 or more SCr measurements and 1 or more hs-cTnT measurement. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2, 2022, to September 28, 2023.ExposureDynamic change in SCr during the ED visits.Main Outcomes and MeasuresLinear mixed-effects models were used to estimate the log-linear regression of kinetic change in hs-cTnT. Logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for change in hs-cTnT indicating acute myocardial injury (Δhs-cTnT &amp;gt;20% and elevated hs-cTnT &amp;gt;14 ng/L) in association with change in SCr, and to assess the diagnostic performance of hs-cTnT for MI in patients with chest pain.ResultsThere was a total of 15 211 visits by 13 638 patients (median age, 74 years [IQR, 64-83 years]; 8709 men [57%]), of whom 1174 (8%) had an MI. Overall, 11 353 of patients at 14 037 visits without an MI diagnosis (81%) had myocardial injury, and 4396 patients at 14 037 visits (31%) had acute myocardial injury. The change in hs-cTnT among patients without MI was 1.8-fold higher in the highest vs the lowest change in SCr quartile (64.7% [95% CI, 58.4%-71.5%] vs 36.3% [95% CI, 32.4%-40.7%]; exponentiated β coefficient, 1.78 [95% CI, 1.62-1.96]). Patients in the former group were twice as likely to have acute myocardial injury (39% [1378 of 3516 visits] vs 23% [817 of 3507 visits]; adjusted OR, 2.32 [95% CI, 2.08-2.59]). Using a 0 hours hs-cTnT cutoff value of 52 ng/L or higher assigned 627 of 2388 patients (26%) with chest pain to a high-risk group in whom the specificity and positive predictive value for MI was low (78.5% [95% CI, 76.7%-80.2&amp;amp;] and 27.6% [95% CI, 24.1%-31.3%], respectively).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study of patients in the ED suggests that dynamic change in SCr among patients with AKI was associated with hs-cTnT concentrations indicative of acute myocardial injury. These observations were accompanied by poor performance of recommended hs-cTnT–based algorithms for MI risk stratification.
Cancer Care Terminology in African Languages
Authors: Simba Hannah , Mutebi Miriam , Galukande Moses , Mahamat-Saleh Yahya , Aglago Elom , Addissie Adamu , Abebe Lidya Genene , Onwuka Justina , Odongo Grace Akinyi , Onyije Felix M. , Chimera Bernadette , Motlhale Melitah , de Paula Silva Neimar , Malope Desiree , Narh Clement T. , Msoka Elizabeth F. , Schüz Joachim , Prah Efua , McCormack Valerie 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceEffective communication between patients and health care teams is essential in the health care setting for delivering optimal cancer care and increasing cancer awareness. While the significance of communication in health care is widely acknowledged, the topic is largely understudied within African settings.ObjectiveTo assess how the medical language of cancer and oncology translates into African languages and what these translations mean within their cultural context.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this multinational survey study in Africa, health professionals, community health workers, researchers, and scientists involved in cancer care and research and traditional healers were invited to participate in an online survey on a voluntary basis through online platforms. The survey provided 16 cancer and oncologic terms used in cancer diagnosis and treatment (eg, cancer, radiotherapy) to participants, mostly health care workers, who were asked to provide these terms in their local languages (if the terms existed) followed by a direct or close translation of the meaning in English. The survey was open from February to April 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPatterns of meaning that recurred across languages were identified using thematic analysis of 16 English-translated terms categorized into 5 themes (neutral, negative, positive, phonetic or borrowed, and unknown).ResultsA total of 107 responses (response rate was unavailable given the open and widespread distribution strategy) were collected from 32 countries spanning 44 African languages, with most participants (63 [59%]) aged 18 to 40 years; 54 (50%) were female. Translations for cancer were classified as phonetic or borrowed (34 [32%]), unknown (30 [28%]), neutral (24 [22%]), and negative (19 [18%]), with the latter category including universal connotations of fear, tragedy, incurability, and fatality. Similar elements connoting fear or tragedy were found in translations of terms such as malignant, chronic, and radiotherapy. The term radiotherapy yielded a high percentage of negative connotations (24 [22%]), with a prevailing theme of describing the treatment as being burned or burning with fire, heat, or electricity, which may potentially hinder treatment.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of cancer communication and the translation of oncology terminology in African languages, the findings suggest that the terminology may contribute to fear, health disparities, and barriers to care and pose communication difficulties for health professionals. The results reinforce the need for culturally sensitive cancer terminology for improving cancer awareness and communication.
Classical Monocytes Shuttling for Precise Delivery of Nanotherapeutics to Glioblastoma
Authors: Li Congwen , Niu Congyi , Chen Lin , Yu Baichao , Luo Feifei , Qie Jingbo , Yang Hui , Qian Jiawen , Chu Yiwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor for which current therapies have limited efficacy. Immunosuppression and difficulties in accessing tumors with therapeutic agents are major obstacles for GBM treatments. Classical monocytes (CMs) possess the strongest infiltration among myeloid cells recruited into tumors during tumorigenesis. In this study, CMs are utilized to deliver the small‐molecule CUDC‐907 encapsulated in nanoparticles (907‐NPs@CMs) for GBM therapy. Hitchhiking on CMs enables more 907‐NPs to successfully penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reach the interior of tumors. Results demonstrate that 907‐NPs@CMs significantly improve the survival rates by suppressing tumor growth and reversing the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, the high delivery efficiency of CMs reduces the amount of CUDC‐907 required for treatments, reducing the physiological toxicity and off‐target effects caused by high doses. 907‐NPs@CMs is a safe and versatile therapeutic system that provides a platform for targeted drug delivery to tumors and the ability to treat GBM through a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
Fungal Enzyme‐Responsive Hydrogel Drug Delivery Platform for Triggered Antifungal Release
Authors: Vera‐González Noel , Deusenbery Carly , LaMastro Veronica , Shukla Anita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFungal infections can lead to debilitating consequences if they are not treated effectively. Antifungal drugs used to treat these infections can be toxic and overuse contributes to growing antifungal resistance. Candida spp., particularly C. albicans, are implicated in a majority of these infections. Virulent C. albicans produce secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) that aid in pathogen tissue invasion and proliferation at an infected site. Here, fungi‐responsive hydrogels are developed that degrade in the presence of Saps to provide a triggered release of encapsulated liposomal antifungals. The hydrogel backbone incorporates a Sap‐cleavable peptide sequence enabling Sap‐responsive degradation. Hydrogels are found to effectively degrade in the presence of Saps extracted from C. albicans. Encapsulated liposomal antifungals show similar release kinetics as hydrogel degradation products in the presence of Saps, supporting a degradation‐dependent release mechanism. Antifungal liposome‐loaded responsive hydrogels exhibit successful eradication of C. albicans cultures and remain stable in sterile murine wound fluid. Finally, no significant cytotoxicity is observed for murine fibroblast cells and red blood cells exposed to hydrogel degradation products. These fungi‐responsive hydrogels have the potential to be used for local, on‐demand delivery of antifungal drugs, for effective treatment of fungal infections while helping to limit unnecessary exposure to these therapeutics.