bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of Determining the Triaxial Stress State in the Rock Mass with Directed Hydrofracturing / Metoda Określania Trójosiowego Stanu Naprężenia W Górotworze Z Użyciem Ukierunkowanego Hydroszczelinowania
Authors: Makówka Janusz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Stress state in the rock mass determines design of mine workings, their proper maintenance, and safety of the personnel working there. That is why numerous methods of determining stress state in the rock mass have been devised. One of the categories of such methods are hydraulic ones. The most commonly known methods of hydrofracturing and the HTPF have certain limitations resulting from their assumptions. The presented method based on directed hydrofracturing of rocks enables determining values and directions of principal stresses in the rock mass, independently on the complexity of local stress state. The essence of the method, conditions of conducting tests and the method of calculating components of stress state basing on underground measurements are presented.
Determination of Critical Conditions of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal in Longwall Gob Areas / Wyznaczanie Warunków Krytycznych Samozapalania Węgla W Zrobach Ścian
Authors: Cygankiewicz Janusz 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Decades of experience in the fight against endogenous fire hazard in coal mines indicate a major influence of certain conditions in a given area of the mine on the possibility of fire occurrence, such as:
susceptibility of coals to spontaneous combustion,
oxygen content in the air incoming to the self-heating coal,
conditions of heat exchange between the self-heating coal mass and the environment
This paper presents a numerical method for determining the critical conditions of spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall gob areas, i.e. conditions under which spontaneous combustion may occur. It has been assumed that crushed coal in the gob has a shape of a flat layer adjacent from the roof and floor side to the rocks.
Our considerations have been limited to coals containing small amount of moisture. A simple model of oxidation kinetics on the coal surface expressed by the Arrhenius equation has been adopted. This model assumes that oxidation rate is independent of the amount of oxygen absorbed by coal. The rate of reaction depends only on temperature, with the parameters of the equation changing after the coal has reached the critical temperature.
The article presents also a mathematical model of spontaneous heating of the coal layer in the gob area. It describes the heat balance in the coal as well as the oxygen and heat balance in the flowing gases. The model consists of a system of differential equations which are solved using numerical techniques. The developed computer program enables to perform the relevant calculations.
In this paper, on the example of coal from a seam 405, we present the method for determining the following critical parameters of the layer of crushed coal: thickness of the layer, oxygen content in a stream of gases flowing through the layer and thermal conductivity of surrounding rocks.
Decision Trees in the Analysis of the Intensity of Damage to Portal Frame Buildings in Mining Areas / Drzewa Decyzyjne W Analizie Intensywności Uszkodzeń Budynków Halowych Na Terenach Górniczych
Authors: Firek Karol , Rusek Janusz , Wodyński Aleksander 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article presents a preliminary database analysis regarding the technical condition of 94 portal frame buildings located in the mining area of Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM), using the methodology of decision trees. The scope of the analysis was divided into two stages. The first one included creating a decision tree by a standard CART method, and determining the importance of individual damage indices in the values of the technical wear of buildings. The second one was based on verification of the created decision tree and the importance of these indices in the technical wear of buildings by means of a simulation of individual dendritic models using the method of random forest. The obtained results confirmed the usefulness of decision trees in the early stage of data analysis. This methodology allows to build the initial model to describe the interaction between variables and to infer about the importance of individual input variables.
Underground Tourist Routes in the Context of Sustainable Development / Podziemne Trasy Turystyczne W Procesie Zrównoważonego Rozwoju
Authors: Wieja Tomasz , Chmura Janusz , Bartos Maciej 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Recent years paved the way for progress focused on maximising the financial and political profits, leading in consequence to a social and economic crisis and environmental disasters. In response to those negative impacts, the concept of sustainable development appeared, understood as the need to improve life quality at the same time retaining social balance, bio-diversity of species and the variety of natural resources.
A society that is active and has a full awareness of those issues will play a major role in sustainable development. On one hand, it will control the impacts the economy has on the environment, whilst on the other, the condition of the social capital guarantees the continuity of the progress envision and planning of its implementation.
Protection of old underground sites is in line with the principles of sustainable development. Well preserved underground sites opened to visitors are a part of the cultural heritage, ensuring that historic, cultural , natural and utility values are maintained. Recently a great deal of attention has been given to revival and revitalisation of old historical underground sites and giving them a new function. Revitalisation and preservation of old abandoned excavations is a most complicated process aimed at restoring the functional utility of abandoned or disused infrastructure.
Practical design should envision activities well in line with natural processes. Underground sites being preserved and adapted have to be visitor - friendly and acceptable, being a vital component of cultural heritage viewed in the context of sustainable development. Engineering problems involve not only the practical application of science, but also the way the world is defined. That is why the social and even spiritual aspects of revitalisation projects are recalled: recreation of human interactions with the nature and with the entire surroundings.
Underground tourist routes should be harmonised with land development in the area and the residence patterns that have emerged over centuries. Well - preserved and protected excavations are the relics of the past, are part of the cultural heritage and become a rich source of knowledge about history.
A new locality of Carex pediformis (Cyperaceae) in Poland
Authors: Nobis Marcin , Nobis Agnieszka 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Carex pediformis C. A. Meyer is a component of dry grasslands (Festucetalia valesiacae order). It is very rare and red-listed in Poland. To date the species is know from less than ten localities in Poland of which four are currently confirmed. The paper presents a data on new locality of the species in the Central Poland (Malopolska Upland), together with remarks on its population size and habitat requirements. The distribution map of the species in Poland is also presented.
Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres
Authors: Hu Ran , Zhang Min , Adhikari Benu , Liu Yaping 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWheat bran is rich in dietary fibre and its annual output is abundant, but underutilized. Insoluble dietary fibre often influences food quality negatively; therefore, how to improve the physical and chemical properties of insoluble dietary fibre of wheat bran for post processing is a challenge. Insoluble dietary fibre was obtained from wheat bran and micronized using high-pressure homogenization, high-intensity sonication, and a combination of these two methods. The high-pressure homogenization and high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication treatments significantly (p<0.05) improved the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, and cation exchange capacities. The improvement of the above properties by high-intensity sonication alone was marginal. In most cases, the high-pressure homogenization process was as good as the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process in improving the above-mentioned properties; hence, the contribution of high-`intensity sonication in the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process was minimal. The best results show that the minimum particle size of wheat bran can reach 9 μm, and the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, cation exchange capacities change significantly.
Influence of soil properties on crop yield: a multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Juhos Katalin , Szabó Szilárd , Ladányi Márta 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was to reveal the relationship between soil properties and grain yields in an East Hungarian region in regard to weather conditions. Soil pH, EC, carbonate content, soluble and exchangeable Na+, texture, organic carbon, and nutrient contents were analyzed. Yield data (maize, winter wheat, sunflower) from 10 years were standardized using calculated relative yield and yield variability. Weather conditions were characterized by the Pálfai Drought Index. Hydrological and topographical conditions were characterized by the mean altitude of plots. The ranged pedological variables were analyzed using principal component analysis with Varimax rotation. The principal component analysis showed that three principal components with eigenvalues greater than one explained more than 84% of the variability of soil properties. The multiple stepwise principal regression analysis showed that the mean relative yield was linearly correlated with all the three principal component factors (R2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). In droughty years, the sodification, salinization, soil texture, and nutrient contents determined the yields (R2 = 0.30, p < 0.05). In humid years, the lower topographical position, soil organic matter, and nutrient contents were the main limiting factors (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.01). Consequently, the variables can effectively explain the yield variability together with other variables as linear combinations.
Hydrophysical characteristics of selected soils from arctic and temperate zones
Authors: Witkowska-Walczak Barbara , Bartmiński Piotr , Sławiński Cezary 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Hydrophysical characteristics of arctic and temperate zones soils were determined. The soils from the temperate zone showed a greater capability of water retention than those from the arctic zone. In both investigated depths (surface and subsurface layers), the highest water content was observed for the Sądecki Regosol, and the lowest one for Turbic Cryosol formed in the cell forms from Spitsbergen at all soil water potentials. The differences between water content for these soils at the same soil water potentials varied between 20 and 25% vol. in the surface layer, and from 19 to 22% vol. in the subsurface, respectively. The lowest differences (2.7-5.0% vol.) in water content were noticed between the Wyspowy Regosol and Turbic Cryosol (Skeletic) derived in the sorted circles. In both depths, higher values of water conductivity were observed for Regosols than for Cryosols at high soil water potentials, from -0.1 till -7 kJ m-3. These differences were especially high at -0.1 kJ m-3 and they were three or four times higher for soils from the temperate zone than from the arctic ones. For lower water potentials, the differences in water conductivity do not exceed one order in the surface layer and two orders in the subsurface.
Prevalence of Fractures in Upper Front Incisors and its Relationship with Overjet in Costa Rica
Authors: Ulate Jiménez Joseph , De la Cruz Rojas Ronald 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>At the present time, in Costa Rica did not exist a national research on dental trauma, an issue that has become a worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries of permanent maxillary incisors. Thus, 1 626 Costa Rican school students of 12 years old were evaluated. The national prevalence of children with at least one fracture was 20.17 %, males showed a higher prevalence than women (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, i</span><span>t was observed that the group of students with more than 6 mm of overjet had a higher prevalence of fractures (p &lt; 0.05). </span></p>
Amelogenesis Imperfecta. The Likelihood of Genetic Transmission to the Next Generation in Costa Rican Families
Authors: Murillo Knudsen Gina , Silva de la Fuente Sandra , Mata Martínez Mariana , Esquivel Hidalgo María José 
Published: November 2015

<p><span>Amelogenesis Imperfecta describes a group of structural anomalies of dental enamel whose inheritance pattern may be dominant or recessive autosomal, or sex-linked pattern to X chromosome. It also can be linked to spontaneous genetic mutation called as novo mutation. Members of seven Costa Rican families, affected and not affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta, were studied with the objective of determining the probability of future generations manifesting the condition in dental enamel. Subjects were referred by students and faculty members, of the postgraduate program in pediatric dentistry of dental school. Private practitioners also referred some patients. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of the office of research of the University of Costa Rica, and each participant provided written informed consent. Family pedigrees and genetic information was entered into computer software using the Cyrillic program. Data was extracted from clinical records of the University of Costa Rica dental school, and direct family histories were obtained from the subjects. Data was organized in Punnett Squares, and analysis performed according to Mendelian Laws. Analysis of the pathological manifestation of Amelogenesis Imperfecta according to recessive, dominant or indeterminate patterns enabled a more precise determination of the likelihood of heritability in future generations. The results lead to a better understanding of the origin of this enamel condition and explain better its heritability to next generations of the same families. In order to confirm the precise genetic mutation(s) it is essential to collect and analyze DNA from saliva or blood of each subject. This is an additional line of research, not included within the scope of this text. </span></p>
API - AGRO: An Open Data and Open API platform to promote interoperability standards for Farm Services and Ag Web Applications
Authors: Sine Mehdi , Theo-Paul Haezebrouck , Emeric Emonet 
Published: November 2015

In accordance to National Program of Agricultural and Rural Development objectives, the project API-AGRO has been selected to improve interoperability and data exchange between agricultural stakeholders. This project is a non-contradictive new oncoming about the previous projects working on agricultural data exchanges trying to standardizing data format to insure exchange. Based on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), this emerging digital distribution channel enables data sharing with clear rules of use.
APIs can provide a hook for partners or third party developers to access data and services to build applications or to offer new services for different Farm Management Information Systems. In the French Ecophyto program, we observed that centralizing data from many different FMIS has shown its limits; all FMIS have their own standards, constraints and goals. This has led to the creation of a new FMIS to receive all the data collected from the farms national networks. In this context, APIs seem to be an innovative solution to expand data exchanges and promote open-innovation. Thus, we made the assumption that pooling data sets produced by different partners, or web services provided by API, will facilitate the design of the new FMIS.
We also believe that APIs could boost innovation in the agricultural ecosystem by integrating new players (start-up, for example) promoting co-development of disruptive web applications for e-agriculture.
So we designed the API-AGRO platform from an agronomic references inventory existing in each program’s partner. The platform offers unified access to a data set in open or private mode and a set of Open or Private-APIs (reserved for specific partners or clients) This paper will present the main functionalities of the full platform. We will focus on user interfaces with the visualization and the data extraction tools and on the API console designed for developers.
From science to practice: Bringing innovations to agronomy and forestry
Authors: Willems Don , Koenderink Nicole J.J.P. , Top Jan L. 
Published: November 2015

The challenge of the work presented here is to make innovative research output in the agronomy and forestry domain accessible to end-users, so that it can be practically applied. We have developed an approach that consists of three key-elements: an ontology with domain knowledge, a set of documents that have been annotated and meta-annotated, and a system (ask-Valerie) that is based on a dialogue to represent the interaction between end user and system.
We show that the dialogue-metaphor is a good way of modelling the interaction between user and system. The system helps the user in formulating his question and in answering it in a useful way. Meta-annotations of key-paragraphs in the document-base turn out to be relevant in assessing in one glance what the content of a document is.
End-users are very enthusiastic about the possibilities that ask-Valerie offers them in translating scientific results to their own situation.
Caracterización de tres organizaciones de producción agrícola de la subregión CARAIGRES: Parte 2. Estadísticas descriptivas de los productores
Authors: Vargas Jarquín Edgardo 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">Se realizó un estudio para caracterizar a los asociados de tres organizaciones de carácter agropecuario: la Asociación de Productores Agropecuarios de los cantones de Acosta y Aserrí (ASOPROAAA), la Asociación de Familias Orgánicas de los Cerros Caraigres (AFAORCA) y la Asociación de Apicultores de la Región Caraigres (APICARAIGRES), ubicadas en los cantones de Acosta, Aserrí, Desamparados, León Cortés y Corralillo, al sur de San José. </p><p class="p1">El estudio pretendió caracterizar tanto las cadenas de producción en las que participan los agricultores como a estos últimos. Además, se buscó identificar los diferentes vínculos de los asociados dentro de su organización, haciendo énfasis en las relaciones productivas e identificando las estructuras subyacentes en las relaciones de producción. </p><p class="p1">La recolección de información se realizó por medio de una encuesta que se aplicó a la totalidad de los miembros de AFAORCA y APICARAIGRES. Sin embargo, en el caso de ASOPROAAA se tomó una muestra, debido al tamaño de esta organización. </p><p class="p1">Los resultados de las agrocadenas se presentaron en un primer artículo, entretanto, los del análisis de redes se incluyen en la tercera publicación de esta serie. En el presente artículo se incluyen los datos y análisis que permiten caracterizar a los agricultores que conforman estas agrupaciones. </p><p class="p1">Al considerar los datos de las edades de los productores de las organizaciones estudiadas, se evidencia que las fincas se encuentran en manos de personas de la segunda y tercera edad. Además, no se vislumbra un cambio generacional, ya que los familiares no aportan sus servicios a las actividades de las fincas. </p>
Desafíos en la gestión de residuos sólidos para las ciudades de países en desarrollo
Authors: Abarca-Guerrero Lilliana , Maas Ger , Hogland William 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">El manejo de residuos sólidos es un desafío para las autoridades de las ciudades de los países en desarrollo, principalmente debido al incremento en su generación, la carga impuesta sobre el presupuesto municipal como resultado de los altos costos asociados a su manejo, la falta de comprensión sobre una diversidad de factores que afectan las diferentes etapas del manejo de residuos y los vínculos necesarios para habilitar el funcionamiento de todo el sistema de manejo. Un análisis de la literatura sobre el trabajo realizado y reportado principalmente en publicaciones de 2005 a 2011, relacionadas con el manejo de residuos en los países en desarrollo, demostró que pocos artículos brindan información cuantitativa. El análisis se realizó en dos de las revistas científicas más importantes en gestión de residuos, <em>Waste Management Journal </em>y <em>Waste Management and Research</em>. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las acciones y el comportamiento de los actores sociales que juegan un papel en el proceso de manejo de residuos y analizar factores influyentes en el sistema, en más de 30 áreas urbanas en 22 países en desarrollo de tres continentes. En este estudio se utilizó una combinación de métodos para evaluar a los actores sociales involucrados y los factores que influyen en el manejo de residuos en las ciudades. Se recogieron datos de la literatura científica, bases de datos existentes, observaciones realizadas durante visitas a áreas urbanas, entrevistas estructuradas con profesionales de relevancia, ejercicios suministrados a los participantes en talleres y un cuestionario aplicado a los actores involucrados. Se utilizaron métodos estadísticos descriptivos e inferenciales para sacar conclusiones. El resultado de la investigación es una lista completa de los actores sociales involucrados que son pertinentes en los sistemas de manejo de residuos y un juego de factores que revelan las causas más importantes del fracaso de los sistemas. La información brindada es muy útil para la planificación, cambio o implementación de los sistemas de manejo de residuos en las ciudades. </p>
Comparación interlaboratorial de cronómetros 2014
Authors: Fallas-Cordero Oscar , Castro-Blanco Isabel , Sánchez-Vargas Harold 
Published: November 2015

<p class="p1">Los cronómetros y temporizadores se utilizan para numerosas aplicaciones y se encuentran entre los dispositivos más comunes calibrados por laboratorios de metrología. Las calibraciones de cronómetros suelen realizarlas tanto los laboratorios secundarios, como los laboratorios estatales o privados. Sin embargo, en países pequeños, el instituto nacional de metrología (INM) a menudo acepta cronómetros para la calibración con el patrón nacional. </p><p class="p1">En este trabajo se describe y presentan los resultados de una comparación de cronómetros que se llevó a cabo en Costa Rica, entre marzo del 2014 hasta octubre del mismo año, por el Laboratorio Metrológico de Variables Eléctricas (LMVE) del Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (ICE), como INM designado en Costa Rica para Electricidad, Magnetismo, Tiempo y Frecuencia. La comparación involucró 6 laboratorios participantes y un cronómetro patrón viajero. </p>