bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ekstraksi Dan Karakterisasi Kitosan Dari Kulit Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Serta Proses Depolimerisasi Kitosan Dengan Hidrogen Peroksida Berdasarkan Variasi Suhu Pemanasan
Authors: Tanasale Matheis F.J.D.P. , Telussa Ivonne , Sekewael Serly J. 
Published: August 2024

An extraction of chitin from shell of the tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), a convertion chitin into chitosan and depolymerization chitosan into oligochitosan using hydrogen peroxide based on variations in heating temperature have been done. Chitosan had depolymerized and itâ€™s molecular weight had tested by end group analysis method and itâ€™s degree of deacetylation had tested by UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. Oligochitosan had obtained from the conversion of chitin is isolated from the shell of tiger shrimp and from commercial chitin. The content of chitin obtained in tiger shrimp shells was 35.90% while the result of the conversion of commercial chitin into chitosan amounted to 62.33%. Characterization of functional groups using FTIR spectrophotometry showed that the conversion of chitosan from chitin commercial have absorption bands of 3617.56 (OH), 3050.47 - 3127.63 (-NH stretching), 2894.24 (-CH methylene), 1679.06 (-C = O), 1564.30 (-NH bending), and 1076.30 cm-1 (-CO-). The commercial chitosan which is characterized by FTIR spectrophotometric method also supports the results of the conversion of chitosan from chitin commercial. In the process of depolymerization of chitosan by hydrogen peroxide was found that the greater heating temperature was used, the smaller the percent yield and molecular weight of oligochitosan were at 40 oC, 50 oC, 60 oC and 70 oC gained weight average molecular oligochitosan were 1030.12 g/mol, 1019, 28 g/mol, 978.12 g/mol, and 908.82 g/mol, respectively
Pembuatan Bioetanol Berbahan Baku Kertas Bekas menggunakan Metode Hidrolisis Asam dan Fermentasi
Authors: Ramayanti Cindi , Giasmara Ketty R. 
Published: August 2024

The enormous global daily consumption of liquid fuels is of the order of 80 million barrels/day (equivalent of 12.7 million m3/day). The sugar cane area required to produce the same volume of ethanol about 700 million hectares, assuming a yield of 6.5 m3/ha/year of ethanol. This study focus to use the second generation feedstock for bioethanol production. Waste papers have cellulose biomass in high percentage so that can be used as potential alternative biomass feedstock to convert bioethanol. Alkaline delignification was conducted by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and then hydrolyzed using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) diluted with various concentrations (2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, and 5% (v/v) and then fermentation was carried out by Saccharomyces cereviciae with the variation fermentation time (4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and 8 days). Ethanol will be produced after separated using evaporation process. The results for the paper inked with the highest ethanol content of 6,12 % (v/v) was obtained at a concentration of 4% sulfuric acid (v / v) and 7 days fermentation time. While the paper without ink obtained the highest ethanol content of 8,13 % (v / v) sulfuric acid at a concentration of 4% (v/v) and 7 days fermentation time
Produksi Ekstrak Bioaktif Untuk Aditif Pangan Dari Limbah Kulit Buah Naga: Pengaruh Metode Pre-Treatment Dan Ekstraksi
Authors: Shofinita Dian , Bindar Yazid , Jaelawijaya Arwinda Aprillia , Harimawan Ardiyan , Fawwaz Mifta 
Published: August 2024

Dragon fruit is one of the tropical fruits can be grown in Indonesia. The skin of dragon fruit, which is accounted for 30-35% of the whole fruit usually thrown away as waste. This study aims to produce a bioactive extract from extraction of dragon fruit skin that is rich in phenolic and pigment compounds then it used as food additives. The variation that was used in this study includes the application of drying as pre-treatment of dragon fruit skin and the extraction methods (maceration and Soxhlet extraction). The obtained extracts were evaluated for the amount of total phenolic compounds and pigments (anthocyanin and betacyanin). Drying of dragon fruit skin was found to yield lower amounts of bioactive materials, which may occur due to the thermal degradation even though a low drying temperature was used. In addition, the maceration method was found to give a higher amount of bioactive materials compared with the Soxhlet method. The extraction with the highest yield of bioactive materials was obtained by the use of fresh dragon fruit skin and maceration for 240 minutes, which gave amounts of anthocyanin, betacyanin, and total phenolic compounds of 0.08, 0.04, dan 0.35 mg/g fresh dragon fruit skin, respectively.
Study of Molecular Docking of Alkaloid Derivative Compounds from Stem Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) Against α-glucosidase Enzymes
Authors: Mulyati Budi , Seulina Panjaitan Riong 
Published: August 2024

Karamunting plant (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) is a traditional medicinal plant. The leaves, roots, stems, and fruits of Karamunting have been identified, and their biological activities are antioxidants, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer that contained alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids. The types of alkaloids found in karamunting stems are homolycorine, ismine, lycorine, maritidine and tazetine. This study aims to determine the binding score of alkaloid-derived compounds with protein α-glucosidase and determine the protein's active site bound to the ligand. The method used in this research is Protein-Ligand ANT-System (PLANTS). The results showed that the anchoring score of homolycorine was -60.83 kcal/mol, ismine -64.42 kcal/mol, lycorine -71.20 kcal/mol, maritidine -61.82 kcal/mol, and tazetine -65.02 kcal/mol. The active sites used for binding are Glu526, Gly555, and Pro556. The average score for anchoring alkaloid-derived compounds with protein Î±-glucosidase is 83.84%. This number indicates that karamunting stems can be used as antidiabetic.
Manusia sebagai Citra Allah di Bait Semesta: Tinjauan terhadap Imago Dei, Homo Liturgicus, dan Implikasi terhadap Pendidikan Kristen
Authors: Yohanes Hendra 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak. Pendidikan Kristen yang terlalu menekankan aspek rasio dari natur manusia terpengaruh oleh rasionalisme yang mereduksi konsep imago Dei. Di dalam tulisan ini, saya menyajikan studi biblis dan ekstrabiblis tentang gambar dan rupa Allah. Visi citra Allah yang diciptakan untuk menyembah Allah dan mewakili pemerintahan-Nya di bait semesta merupakan kemuridan yang menjadi tujuan dari pendidikan Kristen. Konsep imago Dei di bait semesta ini diperbandingkan juga dengan model homo liturgicus yang diajukan oleh James K. A. Smith. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan Kristen tidak berhenti pada hanya mengomunikasikan bahan ajar Kristiani, melainkan pembentukan orang-orang yang hasratnya diarahkan kepada Kerajaan Allah.Abstract. Christian education which places too much emphasis on the rational aspect of human nature is influenced by rationalism which reduces the concept of the imago Dei. In this article, I present a biblical and extrabiblical study of the image and likeness of God. The vision of the image of God created to worship God and represent His reign in the universal temple is the discipleship that is the goal of Christian education. The concept of the imago Dei in this cosmic temple is also compared with the homo liturgicus model proposed by James K. A. Smith. The results of this study show that Christian education does not stop at only communicating Christian teaching materials, but rather forms people whose desires are directed towards the Kingdom of God.
Удосконалення способу регулювання тиску повітря в герметичних кабінах літака-винищувача при їх несанкціонованій розгерметизації
Authors: Проценко О. І. , Померанцев А. О. , Лещенко Р. В. , Мартинюк В. А. 
Published: August 2024

У статті запропоновано заходи щодо підвищення захисту льотчика літака-винищувача від дії негативних висотних факторів, що можуть трапитися в польоті, при неконтрольованій розгерметизації кабіни літака. Запропоновані заходи полягають в удосконаленні управління засобами захисту та корекції закону зміни тиску повітря в герметичній кабіні при його падінні за допомогою встановлення додаткового каналу подачі повітря. Розглянуто причини виникнення авіаційних подій, пов'язаних з висотною декомпресійною хворобою, що виникає при раптовій розгерметизації кабіни літака. Обґрунтовано шляхи запобігання випадкам часткової або повної втрати льотним складом здатності виконувати навчально-бойові завдання. Проведено аналіз вимог і обмежень функціонування системи регулювання тиску в герметичній кабіні літака для забезпечення життєдіяльності льотчика під час виконання польоту. Запропоновано напрям удосконалення способу регулювання тиску повітря в герметичних кабінах літака-винищувача при їх несанкціонованій розгерметизації, сутність якого полягає в створенні додаткового каналу подачі повітря та встановленні додаткового регулятора подачі повітря. Обґрунтовано напрям удосконалення бортових засобів систем забезпечення життєдіяльності льотчика з урахуванням досвіду ведення бойових дій.
Assessment of the GNSS Data Collected at the Main Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) of the Iraqi Geodetic Network
Authors: Mahdi Hussein Alwan , Ahmed Ehssan Ali 
Published: August 2024

The Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network has several stations that collect and record data from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) constellations. These stations run continuously in an automated manner to collaborate and interact with different users for positioning services. In this study, the collected GNSS data at five CORS sites of the Iraqi Geodetic network was assessed to determine if there were any significant changes in the positions of these stations for a long time. This change gives a clear interpretation of the impact of different geophysical phenomena (e.g. tectonic plate motion) on the stability of positions within time. Therefore, the collected data at ZAXO, ISER, ISBA, ISKU and ISNA stations were analysed for seven years 2015 – 2022 (i.e. from 1st Jan 2015 to 31st Dec 2021). The daily position of each station can be computed from 24-hour recording data at a 30-second rate using GAPS or CSRS free software for Precise Point Positioning (PPP). Thus, 8806 observation daily files were used. The processed data was represented as a time series in Easting, Northing and Up coordinates for each station to analyse the trend of movement in these stations. It was found that the change in both Easting and Northing coordinates has a linear trend, which agrees with the general trend of tectonic motion in this part of the world. The mean yearly change was within 22-27 mm. On the other hand, the change in the Up coordinate with time had a fluctuated change over time "wave behaviour" or exhibited periodic variations.
Effect of the tube material on the thermal performance of automobile (radiator) of cooling system
Authors: Abdul Jabbar Ali , Khalefa Kadhim Zena , A. Khalaf Kamel 
Published: August 2024

The car cooling systems, was considered one of the most important parts which work in dissipated the heat is generating by engine of the car. This study used simulation of CFD to optimize the radiator thermal performance by changing the pipe material while maintaining the same cross-sectional area. By used water-Ethelyn-glycol mixture (50:50) as a hot fluid at flow rates of (12) and (24) litters/hour at different temperatures (85, 90, 95) oC, air was considered a cold fluid with different speeds, respectively (1.5, 2.5, 4.5, 5.5) m /s and its inlet temperature (35) oC . It was clear from the results that there was a significant convergence in heat transfer rates when replacing the pipe metal from copper to aluminium for the improved model compared to the basic model. They are approximately equal at some air velocity. with a small advantage for copper of approximately 5% in terms of heat transfer rate and overall heat transfer coefficient.
Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Transfer Pricing Pada Perusahaan Sektor Consumer Non-Cyclicals Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022
Authors: Peng wi  , Sulistiyowati Rina , Trida  
Published: August 2024

Transfer pricing merupakan suatu harga atas transfer barang atau jasa dengan nama dan dalam bentuk apapapun antar perusahaan yang mempunyai hubungan istimewa baik didalam negri ataupun luar negri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji apakah firm size, leverage, dan profitability, mempunya pengaruh terhadap transfer pricing. Metode sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan, terdapat 20 perusahaan perusahaan yang cocok dengan kriteria sampel penelitian. Dari jumlah sampel 20 perusahaan selama 4 tahun berturut-turut diperoleh total sampel sebanyak 80 sampel. Data penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS versi 25 dengan uji analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t dan uji f. Hasil penelitian secara parsial menunjukan bahwa variabel firm size, dan leverage, berpengaruh terhadap transfer pricing, sedangkan profitability tidak berpengaruh terhadap transfer pricing, dan firm size, leverage, dan profitability secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap transfer pricing.
PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI DASAR MEMAHAMI PRINSIP KERJA SISTEM PENGAPIAN ELEKTRONIK SEPEDA MOTOR DENGAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA TRAINER
Authors: Husein Bakhtiar Saddam , Suwignyo Joko , Ariwibowo Bayu , Aqil Sonafi Mustofa 
Published: August 2024

Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK)ini bertujuan (1) mengkaji peningkatan kompetensi peserta didik (2)mengkaji peningkatan keaktifan siswa dan (3) mengkaji penerapan metode pembelajaran oleh guru kompetensi system pengapian elektronik. Subyekdalam penelitian ini adalah guru dan siswa kelas XI TBSM 1 SMK Pembangunan Nasional Purwodadi-Grobogan
Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) penerapan metode pembelajaran problem based learning dapat meningkatkan kompetensi system pengapian elektronikdengan media trainer pada kelas XI TBSM 1 SMK Pembangunan Nasional Purwodadi-Grobogan ,terbukti adanya peningkatan dari prasiklus sebesar 39,39%,siklus I sebesar 63,63%,siklus II sebesar 93,93%.sehingga lebih besar dari indicator keberhasilan penelitian sebesar 85% dan dilihat dari hasil ulangan nilai rata-rata prapenelitian 69,5,siklus I sebesar 74,5 dan siklus II sebesar 79,3 sehingga lebih besar dari indicator keberhasilan penelitian 76.(2)penerapan pembelajaran problem based learning dengan media Trainer dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa dan (3) penerapan metode oleh guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar mendapat kategori sangat baik.

Kata Kunci : Peningkatan system pengapian elektronik, problem based learning.
Soft Skill Components in Structured Nursing Clinical Skill Assessment on Assisted Procedures: A Clinical Audit
Authors: Jamaludin Sumaiyah , Nurumal Mohd. Said , Ahmad Norfadzilah , Muhammad Siti Aesah@Naznin , Chong Mei Chan 
Published: August 2024

Background: Assisted procedures in nursing involve scenarios where nurses are tasked with supporting physicians in the execution of medical procedures. Nursing academics play a crucial role in cultivating appropriate attitudes towards nursing students. This study aimed to examine the soft skill elements in objectively structured clinical skill assessment on assisted procedures in the undergraduate nursing programme.
Methods: A clinical audit was carried out on the retrospective structured clinical skill assessment exam questions by using the clinical skill assessment index V (CSAI-V) instrument. A total of 3 assisted procedures set of exam questions were collected from 7 higher learning institutions in Malaysia where they offered the undergraduate nursing programme. The data were analysed descriptively.
Results: There were 3 assisted procedures out of 237 collected exam documents found and analysed in this study. The assisted procedures were grouped into 7 types to make them more specific. Although there are nine soft skill elements were identified in relation to assisted procedures, including communication, social and responsibility, critical thinking, problem-solving, teamwork, leadership, professional and ethical decision-making, numeracy, and interpersonal skills. However, none of the identified nine soft skill elements were found in the assessment rubrics.
Conclusion: Thus, the current assisted procedure checklist needs improvement, especially the soft skills components. Besides, higher-learning nursing institutions should visit and revise the content of their checklist and the related materials if they are concerned about quality graduates.
Parent-Child Relationship: Life Narratives of Elderly Parents as Care Receiver
Authors: Bermas Mary Joy , Baltazar Aira Juliana , Rungduin Teresita 
Published: August 2024

Background: As children age, caring for their parents becomes a significant responsibility. In line with this, all parents as they age also undergo drastic life role shifts in their lives. From parents’ responsibility of caring for their children to children’s responsibility of caring for their parents. In the Philippines, an adult child shouldering the responsibility of being their caregiver is normal as it is a Filipino cultural trait that can be traced to the Filipino culture of “utang na loob.”
Methods: To further explore and understand this concept, this study utilized a qualitative narrative inquiry design that focuses on understanding the life narratives of Filipino elderly parents regarding the parent-child relationship and care being a care receiver. A semi-structured and open-ended one-on-one interview was conducted with 5 Filipino elderly parents eligible for the participant’s criteria of this study.
Results: The findings showed that the development of the parent-child relationship from the role of parents as care providers until it shifts to being a care receiver, influences the type and quality of care the caregiver provides. Moreover, most Filipino elderly parents regardless of sex prefer their daughters as their primary caregivers as they elicit more caregiving behavior, unlike their sons.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the parent-child relationship plays a significant role in the care elderly parents receive from their adult childcare providers. Moreover, elderly parents consider caring for them as their children’s obligation towards them.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Terhadap Kemampuan Pemahaman Konsep dan Kreativitas Siswa SMP
Authors: Situmeang Lamria Indriani 
Published: August 2024

Motivasi penelitian ini dipengaruhi tingkat kesulitan yang tinggi yang dialami peserta didik dalam memahami konsep matematika, serta kurangnya kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengekspresikan kreativitas mereka melalui ide dan pemikiran di dalam kelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai apakah kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan kreativitas siswa di SMP dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dibandingkan dengan metode pembelajaran konvensional. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas VII SMPN 10 Kota Serang. Siswa tersebut berada pada kelas VII B dan VII D, diambil dengan menerapkan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode kuantitatif dengan desain Non Equivalent Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Pengumpulan data melalui instrumen tes pemahaman konsep dan angket kreativitas. Penelitian ini menghasilkan fakta bahwa kemampuan pemahaman konsep dan kreativitas siswa yang diberi pembelajaran berbasis proyek lebih baik dari siswa yang diberi pembelajaran konvensional. Sesuai dengan hasil independent sample t-test diperoleh signifikansi dari data posttest adalah 0,004 dan 0,026, artinya sig.<0,05=α.
Effect of Coupling Chain Length on the Electro –Optic Properties of Side Chain Liquid Crystal Polymers Adding BaTiO3 Nanoparticles
Authors: Kadhum Zahraa , Shaker Alaa , Hussien Falih 
Published: August 2024

A series of siloxine centered side chain liquid crystal polymers have been arranged with asystematic variation in spacer length. All the polymer shown a nematic phase, for which the nematic-isotropic transition temperature increased as the spacer length bigger. The mesogenic group has syano head groups (C N) to which positive dielectric anisotropic ( ) is accredited to bind the mesgneic group with the backbone we have used elastic spascer of (CH3) which changes from )2) to (6) units. The nematic cells that have been arranged have planer reorientation to notice the changes inside electro-optic cell Frederick's transition manner. It found that with increasing spacer length (n) of polymer the threshold voltage is let down. It been also institute that there is a reverse relationship between temperature and response times this scholarship also deals with the effect of elastic spacer on response times and it has been learned the response times of the polymer with short spacers are longer than response times of the polymers with long spacers, in addition the response times of the three polymers are in reorientation the spacer length lastly we have been found that there the increase in applied voltages lead to the lessening in turn on times (TON)with the turn off times (TOFF).The difference of the threshold voltage ascends from changes to the intrinsic curvature elasticity rather than to the differences in the orientation demand
Brief review on: Fabrication of single electron nano-devices
Authors: S. Manji Haider 
Published: August 2024

This paper discusses the fabrication techniques and the fabrication technique of single electron transistor (SET). The SET differs from the conventional CMOS in the sense that it has the ability to control an electron movement so that single electron can be transport at a time, meaning that one by one electron along the channel. This is due to its stunning technique that has the ability of controlling the electron tunneling. The SET represents a promising technology as it offers several unique advantages, example, small size, high operating frequency, and low power consumption. Several SET of fabrication technologies were reviewed in this paper, including quantum dot, carbon nanotube, graphene, and zinc oxide.