bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French Philosophy during the First World War
Authors: Hanna Martha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During the First World War, French philosophers debated whether German philosophy—and Kantianism, in particular—could be held responsible for the outbreak of war in 1914. Many Catholic philosophers and all who identified with the neo-royalists of the Action française endorsed this proposition unreservedly. Neo-Kantians, many of whom held prominent positions within the French academic establishment, denied categorically that Kantian principles constituted the intellectual foundation of German militarism. Much lauded during the war years, this ‘mobilization of intellect’ came under increasing criticism thereafter and contributed in the 1920s to a reorientation of French philosophy. Neo-Kantians suffered attacks from the right for their defence of German philosophy and from the left for their apparent willingness to subordinate their intellectual independence to the needs of patriotism. As a result, there was a significant shift in French philosophy by the end of the 1920s, away from neo-Kantianism and towards neo-Hegelianism and phenomenology.
Bergson after Boutroux on Freedom and Contingency
Authors: Sinclair Mark 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Henri Bergson seldom refers to Emile Boutroux directly, and for this reason his relation to his teacher has often been neglected. On the basis of some of Bergson’s remarks about contingency in his recently published 1904–05 lecture course on the Evolution of the Problem of Freedom, this chapter shows how his whole philosophical career develops the ideas of Boutroux’s 1874 On the Contingency of Laws of Nature. The first part of the chapter concentrates in particular on how Bergson’s notion of free will in the third chapter of his primary doctoral dissertation develops Boutroux’s ideas about contingency in the psychological domain. The second part of the chapter focuses on Boutroux’s account of contingency in the natural world and shows that Bergson is more reluctant than his teacher to reject the truth of mechanistic philosophy and to adopt entirely a philosophy of contingency.
The Environment, the Constitution, and the Legal Framework at the National Level
Authors: Divan Shyam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Constitution of India profoundly influences environmental law making and policy. Express provisions in the Constitution elevate environmental protection to a high national goal. The federal structure created by the Constitution demarcates and distributes law-making power amongst the Union government and the states. The fundamental right to life guaranteed in Part III of the Constitution has been interpreted to embrace the right to a clean environment. The Constitution provides for a dispute resolution machinery through constitutional courts which lay down guiding principles of environmental law. The challenges posed by climate change will require creating new institutions within the constitutional framework that can effectively respond to the drastic impacts that will shortly befall the subcontinent.
Bilateral Investment Treaties and the Environment
Authors: Ranjan Prabhash 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Several investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) cases demonstrate that the goal of investment protection and the state’s right to adopt environment-related regulatory measures might come face to face. Given this global backdrop, this chapter studies India’s bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and investment chapters in free trade agreements to find out whether they contain provisions that allow the host state to adopt measures for the protection of the environment. Most BITs signed by India during the period 1994 to 2010 contained very few provisions for the protection of the environment. India’s new treaty practice heralded by the adoption of the Model BIT in 2016 has changed this pattern.
Periodic Rolling and Bumping
Authors: Jenkins James T , Valance Alexandre 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We consider a sphere that rolls down an inclined corrugation of identical, frictional circular cylinders in contact. We assume that the motion is a periodic succession of rolling and bumping that results in a velocity that is, on average, steady. We use balances of force and moment and impulse and momentum change to calculate the instantaneous and average velocities, the tangential and normal contact forces, and their ratio in rolling regimes that involve no sliding, some sliding and a transition between these at contact. We compare the predictions for the steady average velocity versus the inclination for different sphere to cylinders radii ratio and the predictions for the angle of inclination versus the radii ratio for stopping, initiation of sliding and loss of contact with the results of numerical simulations.
Distinct phenotype and prognosis of immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy based on clinical–serological–pathological classification
Authors: Yang Hongxia , Zhang Lining , Tian Xiaolan , Li Wenli , Liu Qingyan , Peng Qinglin , Jiang Wei , Wang Guochun , Lu Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics and prognosis of patients with immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) based on clinical, serological and pathological classification.

Methods
A total of 138 patients with IMNM who met the 2018 European Neuromuscular Center criteria for IMNM including 62 anti-SRP, 32 anti-HMGCR-positive and 44 myositis-specific antibody–negative were involved in the study. All patients were followed up and evaluated remission and relapse. Clustering analysis based on clinical, serological and pathological parameters was used to define subgroups.

Results
Clustering analysis classified IMNM into three clusters. Cluster 1 patients (n = 35) had the highest creatine kinase (CK) levels, the shortest disease course, severe muscle weakness and more inflammation infiltration in muscle biopsy. Cluster 2 patients (n = 79) had the lowest CK level and moderate inflammation infiltrate. Cluster 3 patients (n = 24) had the youngest age of onset, the longest disease course and the least frequency of inflammatory infiltration. Patients in cluster 3 had the longest time-to-remission [median survival time: 61 (18.3, 103.7) vs 20.5 (16.2, 24.9) and 27 (19.6, 34.3) months] and shorter relapse-free time than those in cluster 1 and 2 [median remission time 95% CI 34 (19.9, 48.0) vs 73 (49.0, 68.7) and 73 (48.4, 97.6) months]. Patients with age of onset &gt;55 years, more regeneration of muscle fibres, more CD4+ T infiltration and membrane attack complex deposition had more favourable outcomes regarding time to achieving remission.

Conclusions
Stratification combining clinical, serological and pathological features could distinguish phenotypes and prognosis of IMNM. The pathological characteristics may impact the long-term prognosis of patients with IMNM.
Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and serious infections in granulomatosis with polyangiitis treated with rituximab
Authors: Mendel Arielle , Behlouli Hassan , Vinet Évelyne , Curtis Jeffrey R , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the association of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis with serious infections in rituximab-treated patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included adults with GPA (2011–2020) within the United States Merative™ Marketscan® Research Databases with ≥6 months’ enrolment prior to first (index) rituximab treatment. We defined TMP-SMX prophylaxis as a ≥28-day prescription dispensed after or overlapping the index date. Serious infection was a hospital primary diagnosis for infection (excluding viral or mycobacterial codes). Secondary outcomes were outpatient infection, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and adverse events potentially attributable to TMP-SMX. Cox proportional hazards regression assessed the association of time-varying TMP-SMX with outcomes of interest, adjusting for potential confounders. Individuals were followed until the outcome of interest, end of database enrolment or 31 Decamber 2020.

Results
Among 919 rituximab-treated individuals (53% female), mean (s.d.) age was 52.1 (16) years and 281 (31%) were dispensed TMP-SMX within 30 days of index date. Over a median of 496 (interquartile range 138–979) days, 130 serious infections occurred among 104 individuals (incidence 6.1 [95% CI: 5.0, 7.4] per 100 person-years). Time-varying TMP-SMX was negatively associated with serious infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3, 0.9). The aHR for outpatient infections was 0.8 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.1). The estimate for PJP was imprecise (13 events, unadjusted HR 0.2; 95% CI: 0.03–1.8). TMP-SMX was potentially associated with adverse events (aHR 1.3; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.9).

Conclusions
TMP-SMX prophylaxis was associated with reduced serious infections in rituximab-treated GPA, but may increase adverse events, warranting further study of optimal prophylaxis strategies.
Targeting POLD1 to suppress the proliferation and migration of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines by downregulation of SIRT1
Authors: Salih Areege Ibrahim , Al-Sudani Basma Talib , Mshimesh Bahir Abdul-Razzaq 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The resistant and aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) renders it mostly incurable even following extensive multimodal treatment. Therefore, more studies are required to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. SIRT1 is a class III histone deacetylase NAD + -dependent enzyme that is interlinked in tumor progression, apoptosis, metastasis, and other mechanisms of tumorigenesis, while DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) functions as a gene coding for p125, which plays an important role in genome stability and DNA replication.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the downstream signaling pathway of EX-527, a potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitor, in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, and the crosstalk between SIRT1 and POLD1, which is essential for the activities of polymerase δ.

Methods
The antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of EX-527 on MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed by MTT and annexin V/PI double staining assays. Migration and invasion activity of MDA-MB-231 cells were assessed by wound-healing scratch and transwell assays. Protein expressions were examined using Western Blot analysis.

Results
MDA-MB-231 cells treatment with IC50 values of 45.3 μM EX-527 significantly suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by down-regulating SIRT1. Also, it significantly repressed migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells as evaluated by wound healing and transwell invasion assays. Western blot results showed that decreased expression of SIRT1 is positively correlated with expression of p53 along with down-regulating POLD1.

Conclusion
SIRT1 could have an oncogenic role in breast cancer development and progression via activating POLD1. These conclusions present new insights into the underlying mechanisms of TNBC.
Deciphering the evolutionary landscape of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus across East Asia
Authors: Park Dongbin , Kim Kwan Woo , Kim Young-Il , Casel Mark Anthony B , Jang Hyunwoo , Kwon Woohyun , Kim Kanghee , Kim Se-Mi , N Monford Paul Abishek , Kim Eun-Ha , Jang Hobin , Hwang Suhee , Yun Seok-Min , Lee Joo-Yeon , Jeong Hye Won , Park Su-Jin , Choi Young Ki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) poses a significant public health challenge in East Asia, necessitating a deeper understanding of its evolutionary dynamics to effectively manage its spread and pathogenicity. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the genetic diversity, recombination patterns, and selection pressures across the SFTSV genome, utilizing an extensive dataset of 2041 sequences from various hosts and regions up to November 2023. Employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees (BEAST), we elucidated the phylogenetic relationships among nine distinct SFTSV genotypes (A, B1, B2, B3, B4, C, D, E, and F), revealing intricate patterns of viral evolution and genotype distribution across China, South Korea, and Japan. Furthermore, our analysis identified 34 potential reassortments, underscoring a dynamic genetic interplay among SFTSV strains. Genetic recombination was observed most frequently in the large segment and least in the small segment, with notable recombination hotspots characterized by stem-loop hairpin structures, indicative of a structural propensity for genetic recombination. Additionally, selection pressure analysis on critical viral genes indicated a predominant trend of negative selection, with specific sites within the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and glycoprotein genes showing positive selection. These sites suggest evolutionary adaptations to host immune responses and environmental pressures. This study sheds light on the intricate evolutionary mechanisms shaping SFTSV, offering insights into its adaptive strategies and potential implications for vaccine development and therapeutic interventions.
Knowledge and Utilization of Sex-Specific Lead Aprons Among Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgeons
Authors: Mengers Sunita , Emara Ahmed , Maheshwer Bhargavi , Lopresti Julia , Mistovich R. Justin 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Orthopaedic surgeons routinely face exposure to ionizing radiation during intraoperative use of fluoroscopy. Lead personal protective equipment reduces occupational radiation exposure. Female-specific lead aprons are designed with expanded lateral coverage to improve protection of breast tissue against radiation beams. The purpose of this study was to identify current trends in knowledge and utilization of female-specific lead aprons as well as any barriers to utilization.

Methods:
An anonymous electronic survey including 20 multiple choice and multiple selection responses was distributed to all members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). Respondents who reported the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy in their practice were included in the study.

Results:
Most respondents were attending surgeons (91%) and practiced in an academic setting (85%) in an urban environment (75%). Most respondents reported using a lead apron for every case (76%) and a thyroid shield for every case (75%), while most respondents reported they do not wear lead glasses (73%). Fifty-one percent of respondents were aware of female-specific lead aprons. The majority of respondents reported female-specific lead is unavailable (45%) or available in insufficient quantities (5.5%) at their institution. Ninety percent of females reported they do not wear female-specific lead with the common reasons being lack of availability and discomfort.

Conclusions:
Knowledge of female-specific lead is low with lack of availability as a common barrier to utilization. As female presence in the field of orthopaedic surgery expands, efforts should be made to improve education and availability of sex-specific lead aprons.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Medication Treated Preschool-Age Children Without and With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Developmental-Behavioral Research Network Study
Authors: Friedman Sandra L. , Shults Justine , Barbaresi William , Bax Ami , Cacia Jaclyn , Deavenport-Saman Alexis , LaRosa Angela , Loe Irene M. , Mittal Shruti , Vanderbilt Douglas L. , Blum Nathan , Harstad Elizabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract:

Objectives:
The study objective was to compare preschool children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder without autism spectrum disorder (ADHD − ASD) with those with ADHD and ASD (ADHD + ASD), treated with stimulant or alpha-2-agonist (A2A) medications.

Methods:
Retrospective electronic health record review of 497 children from 7 developmental behavioral pediatrics research network sites. Children were younger than 72 months when treated with medication for ADHD from January 1, 2013, to January 7, 2017. We analyzed differences in children with ADHD − ASD versus ADHD + ASD treated with stimulants or A2As, including demographics, coexisting conditions, medication effectiveness, medication, discontinuation factors, and adverse effects.

Results:
Of the 497 preschool-age children with ADHD, 389 had ADHD − ASD and 108 had ADHD + ASD. No statistically significant differences were found in demographics between the groups. At baseline, ADHD + ASD group reported more sleep problems. For the ADHD − ASD group, stimulant medication was significantly more effective than A2As; no significant differences were found in medication effectiveness of stimulants versus A2As for the ADHD + ASD group. Children with ADHD − ASD experienced more appetite suppression and stomachaches on stimulants. No associations were found between ASD status and rates of common adverse effects for children initiated on A2As.

Conclusion:
We found more similarities than differences when comparing ADHD − ASD preschool-age children with those with ADHD + ASD. For children with ADHD − ASD, stimulant medications were significantly more effective than A2As. Overall, there was notable overlap in presentation, response to medication, coexisting conditions, and effectiveness of medication classes.
Closed Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy on Free Flap Donor Sites: A Meta-analysis of Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Le Paulina B. , Martinez O. Parker , Mujadzic Tarik , Yturralde Kylee , Gilstrap Jarom N. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Closed incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) has become increasingly used on surgical sites to attempt to minimize postoperative complications. The literature describing the benefits of ciNPT in reducing donor site morbidity after free tissue transfer is limited. This review compares the effectiveness of ciNPT and conventional dressings in reducing donor site complications after free tissue transfer.

Methods:
A systematic review of PubMed and Ovid (MEDLINE) utilizing the search terms ((flap) AND (donor)) AND ((negative pressure) OR (vacuum)) was conducted. Bibliographies of selected articles were also searched. Relevant outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results:
After screening 156 articles, 12 studies were included in the study with a total of 1074 donor sites. The following postoperative complications at the donor site after a free tissue transfer were analyzed: wound dehiscence, infection, seroma, hematoma, and skin necrosis. Use of ciNPT was associated with lower incidence of wound dehiscence compared with conventional dressings (OR: 0.37; 95% CI, 0.23–0.58). The incidence of infection, seroma, hematoma, and skin necrosis were overall lower in the ciNPT group; although, this was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
Use of ciNPT was associated with a significantly lower incidence of free flap donor site wound dehiscence compared with conventional dressings. The use of ciNPT on free flap donor sites appears to have overall lower rates of other wound complications such as seroma, hematoma, skin necrosis, and infection.
Shorter Telomere Length Is Associated With Older Age, Poor Sleep Hygiene, and Orthopedic Injury, but Not Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, in a Cohort of Canadian Children
Authors: Salberg S. , Smith M. J. , Lamont R. , Chen Z. , Beauchamp M. H. , Craig W. , Doan Q. , Gravel J. , Zemek R. , Lannin N.A. , Yeates K. O. , Mychasiuk R. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Predicting recovery following pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains challenging. The identification of objective biomarkers for prognostic purposes could improve clinical outcomes. Telomere length (TL) has previously been used as a prognostic marker of cellular health in the context of mTBI and other neurobiological conditions. While psychosocial and environmental factors are associated with recovery outcomes following pediatric mTBI, the relationship between these factors and TL has not been investigated. This study sought to examine the relationships between TL and psychosocial and environmental factors, in a cohort of Canadian children with mTBI or orthopedic injury (OI).

Methods:
Saliva was collected at a postacute (median 7 days) timepoint following injury to assess TL from a prospective longitudinal cohort of children aged 8 to 17 years with either mTBI (n = 202) or OI (n = 90), recruited from 3 Canadian sites. Questionnaires regarding psychosocial and environmental factors were obtained at a postacute follow-up visit and injury outcomes were assessed at a 3-month visit. Univariable associations between TL and psychosocial, environmental, and outcome variables were assessed using Spearman’s correlation. Further adjusted analyses of these associations were performed by including injury group, age, sex, and site as covariates in multivariable generalized linear models with a Poisson family, log link function, and robust variance estimates.

Results:
After adjusting for age, sex, and site, TL in participants with OI was 7% shorter than those with mTBI (adjusted mean ratio = 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-0.98; P = .003). As expected, increasing age was negatively associated with TL (Spearman’s r = −0.14, P = .016). Sleep hygiene at 3 months was positively associated with TL (adjusted mean ratio = 1.010; 95% confidence interval, 1.001-1.020; P = .039).

Conclusion:
The relationships between TL and psychosocial and environmental factors in pediatric mTBI and OI are complex. TL may provide information regarding sleep quality in children recovering from mTBI or OI; however, further investigation into TL biomarker validity should employ a noninjured comparison group.
Characterizing HIV Acquisition Risk, Treatment Gaps, and Populations Reached Through Venue-Based Outreach and Clinical Services in Blantyre, Malawi: Findings From a District-wide CLOVE Study
Authors: Singogo Emmanuel , Weir Sharon S. , Kudowa Evaristar , Chagomerana Maganizo , Chapola John , Edwards Jessie K. , Banda Confidence , Kawalazira Gift , Kamgwira Yohane , Jahn Andreas , Bourdin Sarah , Hartney Thomas , Platt Lucy , Rice Brian , Hargreaves James R. , Hosseinipour Mina C. ,   CLOVE Study Group
Published: July 2024

Background:
In 2017, Blantyre district had the highest adult HIV prevalence in Malawi (17.7%) and lowest viral suppression (60%). In response, the Ministry of Health expanded prevention and treatment services. We assessed whether outreach to social venues could identify individuals with increased HIV acquisition risk or with unsuppressed HIV not currently reached by clinic-based services.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional biobehavioral survey in Blantyre, Malawi, from January to March 2022. We visited social venues where people meet new sexual partners and government clinics providing HIV testing or STI screening. Participants older than 15 years were interviewed and tested for HIV infection if not on ART. HIV recency tests were performed on those testing positive, and dried blood spots (DBS) were collected to quantify viral load and also to identify acute infection in those with HIV- results.

Results:
HIV prevalence (18.5% vs 8.3%) and unsuppressed HIV infection (3.9% vs 1.7%) were higher among venue-recruited (n = 1802) than among clinic-recruited participants (n = 2313). Among PLHIV at both clinics (n = 199) and venues (n = 289), 79% were virally suppressed. Few had acute (n = 1) or recent infection (n = 8). Among women, HIV prevalence was 4 times higher (38.9% venue vs 8.9% clinic). At clinics, PLHIV reporting visiting venues were less likely to be suppressed (54.6 vs 82.6%). More men at venues than at clinics reported paying for sex (49% vs 30%) or having multiple sex partners in the past 4 weeks (32% vs 16%).

Conclusions:
Enhanced venue-based prevention and testing for men and women could reduce treatment lapses, onward transmission, and improve HIV treatment outcomes.