bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Behavior of Concrete Cantilever Retaining Walls During Far-Field and Near-Fault Earthquakes
Authors: Mhawish Ayah Hameed , Risan Hussam K. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The dynamic behavior of retaining walls is a complicated subject and a considerable design challenge, particularly under seismic conditions. Seismologists and investigators have an interest in near-fault earthquakes with significant velocity pulses because it can cause considerable displacements in constructions with respect to far-field earthquakes and consequently rise the hazard of earthquake-caused failure of structures. Despite there are several studies have investigated the seismic behavior of retaining structures, but the researches about retaining walls subjected to the influence of near fault like pulse earthquakes is still not adequate. The current study targets to numerically assess the dynamic performance of concrete cantilever retaining walls during far field ground motions (FFGMs) and near-fault ground motions (NFGMs). The nonlinear analysis of time history is conducted using the finite element method for three cantilever retaining wall models. The results of the analysis gained in terms of top horizontal displacement of the wall, active seismic earth pressure, and acceleration response of the system, which have been considered to recognize the impact of near fault earthquake on retaining structures. Additionally, the influence of different PGA of NF and FF earthquakes has been studied.
An Assessment of the Contribution of Vehicular Traffic to Ambient Air Quality - A Case Study of Nairobi Expressway Corridor
Authors: Matara Caroline , Osano Simpson , Yusuf Amir , Akech Elisha 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In this study, the vehicular air pollution from the Nairobi Expressway corridor was estimated by simulation using AERMOD dispersion model. The Vehicle Kilometer Travelled (VKT), emission factors, and traffic data were used to estimate the pollutants from vehicular traffic.. The highest modelled 24-hour and annual concentrations of PM2.5 were 0.274 µg/m3 and 0.152 µg/m3, whereas the highest 24-hour and annual concentrations of PM10 were 0.405 µg/m3 and 0.225 µg/m3, respectively. The maximum 24-hour and annual concentrations of Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOCs) were 20.8 µg/m3 and 11.5 µg/m3, respectively, whereas the maximum 8-hour and annual concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were 319 µg/m3 and 177 µg/m3, respectively. The highest modeled 24-hour and annual concentrations of NO2 were 28.2 µg/m3 and 15.7 µg/m3, respectively. The 24-hour average measured TVOCs values showed that Nairobi expressway traffic contributed 3.5 percent to the measured TVOCs concentration value, but CO accounted for 55 percent of the measured value. According to the simulated PM2.5 and PM10 concentration values, Nairobi expressway traffic contributed 1.1 and 1.6 percent, respectively, to the 24-hour average measured concentration levels.
Tensile Forces Behavior on Longitudinal Reinforcement and CFRP Strips on Circular Hollow Reinforced Concrete Columns
Authors: Dewi Sri Hartati , Thamrin Rendy , Haris Sabril , Yastari Febi Putri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Currently, there is not much research on strengthening structural elements with hollows. This manuscript presents the test results from twelve circular reinforced concrete column specimens strengthened with CFRP strips. This study focuses on the strain behavior of longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips due to high shear force intensity. Hollows in the cross-section are used to see the effect of voids on the column strain distribution. Nine specimens have a hollow cross-section with hollow diameters of 1.5", 2.5", and 3.5" for each of the three specimens. Meanwhile, the other three specimens have a solid crosssection. All specimens do not use stirrups to determine the contribution of concrete and CFRP strips to resist shear. Strain gauges are placed in certain positions to read the strain on the longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips. The test results are in the form of tensile forces and are then analyzed to obtain the movement pattern of tensile forces in the longitudinal reinforcement and CFRP strips. Numerical analysis using a fiber element model is used to obtain the strain in each reinforcement layer. The numerical analysis results were then compared with the test results and showed close results. Then, an equation for calculating the tensile force in CFRP strips is proposed. The proposed equation approximates the test results with an accuracy level of 90%.
The Effectiveness of Innovative Systems Technologies in Smart Building Structuers
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed A. , Jaber Hind T. , Al-Haydary Montaqa M. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Today's industrial processes use a variety of smart structure systems technologies. Various construction devices can significantly enhance a structure's ability to adapt to environmental changes. Smart structures are essential to the development of building technology. These forms of technologies are developing intelligent structural systems that behave like living systems and can perceive their environment. The objective of the research is to examine the connection of these professional systems, which become increasingly dependent over time. The research acknowledges and give emphasis to the significant role played by different types of systems (passive, semi-active, active, and hybrid) in formative the scope of construction through the analysis of novel techniques and innovative approaches. The paper state the assorted classification of smart structure schemes that have a significant role to serve the cycle life of the structure by reducing severe subjected damage to it. The study aims to investigate how these schemes of callings are inseparably connected, creating ever more advantageously as time goes on. The think about state and recognize the significant part of different categories of schemes (inactive, semi-active, active, and hybrid schemes) within the development scope through examination, unused methods and inventive strategies. The paper displayed the different categories of shrewd structure schemes that have a critical part to serve the cycle life of the structure by diminishing serious subjected harm to it.t. Furthermore, the research also demonstrated the smart structure's useful behavior, which is taken into account at every stage of the civil engineering design process.
Development of Higher Order Stiffened Shell Element (HOST9) for the Static Analysis of Stiffened Laminated Plates
Authors: Sheth Karan , Joshi Rajendra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A new higher order stiffened shell element (HOST9) is developed comprising of a 9 noded flat shell element and a 3 noded stiffener element for analysis of stiffened laminated plates. The shell element is a lagrangian element. The stiffener is a beam element. The stiffness of the stiffener is computed separately and added to that of the shell element at appropriate locations. As a result, the stiffener can be located arbitrarily in the shell element. Static analysis of stiffened laminated plate is carried out using the newly developed element and is validated with the existing literature. It is seen that the proposed element gives comparable results and can be used for the analysis.
Non-Linear Analysis of Hybrid Reinforced T-Beam with Partial Substitution Recycled Rubberized Concrete
Authors: Ahmed Sulaiman Nayef , Almutairi Ahmad L. , Domat Wassim B. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
At present, the need to make use of industrial waste materials is increasing due to their harmful effects on the environment. In the present work, the behavior of hybrid reinforced T-Beam by steel, and CFRP with rubber is studied. The finite element modeling by using ANSYS version 15 program. It contains also all the required steps needed to create the concrete models that were prepared to study the behavior of beams with rubber concrete. The reinforcement of beams was various combinations of polymer CFRP and steel bars. The crumb rubberized concrete mixes were prepared by partial substitution (5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 17.5 %, 20 %, 22.5 %, and 25 % replacements by volume). Due to the large number of parameters affecting the behavior of Hybrid Reinforced T- Beam with rubber concrete, an extensive parametric study was performed using ANSYS version 15 program. Three parameters were investigated namely: Bottom RFT, compressive strength of concrete, and the existence of opening. The analytical results agree well with the experimental results in terms of mode of failure and the failure load values. The results indicated that although the flexural capacity of the tested specimen decreased with the addition of Crumb Rubber and reduced its self-weight. The failure load of the beam increases with bottom reinforcement by the GFRP bar or CFRP bar. Also, reinforced beams by CFRP bars had a higher failure load than reinforced beams by GFRP bars. Having an opening in hybrid reinforced T-Beam with rubber concrete reduced the beam load capacity and maximum deflection. Also, using GFRP bars, and CFRP bars in the vicinity of openings in hybrid reinforced T-Beams increased the load capacity of these beams.
Experimental Investigation on Performance of Hollow Brick with Fly Ash, Cement and Sand
Authors: Reddy Maddikera Lokanath , Lingeshwaran N 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks have been used as a construction material in many developed and developing countries. Many emerging and underdeveloped nations have utilised cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks as building materials. In India, Andhra Pradesh local makers prepare these cement clay interlocking (CCI) hollow bricks by simply mixing clay, cement, and sand in a traditional method, without following strict design criteria or rules. Previous research has demonstrated that the mechanical characteristics of CCI hollow bricks gathered from various locations in detailed manner respect to hand books on Civil Engineering as per Indian Standards. Bricks from one region had compressive strengths that were significantly lower than the other region Indian Community Standards. Various methods were employed in this investigation to enhance the mechanical characteristics of CCI bricks. New mix patterns were created with the use of sand, cement, and fly ash in this research paper.
Assessing Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Household Solid Waste Management in Northern Vietnam
Authors: Thi Hue Hoang , Hong Hanh Nguyen Thi , Thu Trang Bui Thi , Van Tinh Tran , Quang Tri Doan , Hoai Thuong Nguyen Thi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rapid urbanization and population growth in Northern Vietnam have exacerbated in domestic solid waste (DSW), posing environmental challenges. Law on environmental protection (2020) promoting source separation, a disconnect persists between policy and public action. This study addresses this gap by employing a Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior (KAB) approach to conduct a novel regional analysis of DSW management practices. A stratified random sampling design was utilized, with 1,000 people participating from five different regions of Northern Vietnam: delta rural areas, mountainous rural areas, coastal rural areas, tourism development areas, and urban areas. Data analytic techniques, including descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis, were employed to uncover factors that influence DSW management behavior in each location. The research revealed significant regional variations in KAB aspects of DSW services. While positive attitudes towards responsible SWM practices (80% of people) were evident, the number of factors influencing DSW management varied (3-6) across regions. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, guiding the development of targeted interventions that align with national law. This paves the way for more effective, regionally-tailored waste management practices in Vietnam.
Behavior of Lightweight Aggregate Wide Reinforced Concrete Beams with Shear Steel Plates Under Repeated Loading
Authors: Mufeed Abd-al-Ghafoor Lubna , Harba Ibrahim S. I. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study describes an experimental research focusing on the behaviour of Lightweight Aggregate Wide Reinforced Concrete Beams (LAWRCB) using shear steel plates. This technique represents an inexpensive way which reduces structural and building complexities. Wide beams can provide adequate cross-sectional areas to meet the specified capacity in a shallower depth than a system of narrower beams placed similarly in the design. Also, WB treats the crowd of stirrups because the shear component provided by concrete is very small compared with high depth concrete Beams. This research is also trying to minimize the weight of a wide concrete beam using light weight concrete instead of using conventional concrete which has effects on the deflection, crack patterns, and load carrying capacity. This investigation consists of reviewing the previous work and an experimental program consisting of testing mixes to produce lightweight concrete. In addition, several simply supported wide beams with various parametric studies will be designed, cast, and tested. After the specimen tests are carried out, comparisons and discussions of the results will be made with code requirements.
Characterization of Mineral Meposits Using the Magnetic Method: The Case of the Aïn Beida Mine in Bouarfa, Morocco
Authors: Bahi Anas , Zerradi Youssef , Bziaz Mohammed , Tlidi Younes , Soufi Amine , Bennouna Rhita , Chakiri Said 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Geophysical methodologies represent a paramount approach for assessing the mining potential of a given area. Among these methodologies, the magnetic method stands out as indispensable for the exploration of metalliferous deposits. This method facilitates the characterization of both the lateral extent and vertical depth of anomalous bodies within the surveyed region, as discerned from their influence on the total magnetic field. In the case of the manganese-rich mining zone situated in Bouarfa, particularly in Aïn Beida, the mineral deposit genesis typically involves the association of manganese with ferruginous minerals, significantly perturbing the total magnetic field. However, the initial findings necessitate meticulous corrections to isolate the exclusive impact of anomalous bodies on the magnetic field. Accordingly, correction procedures must address diurnal variations prior to executing a Reduction to the Pole (RTP), enabling the identification of well-defined and unipolar anomalies crucial for precise delineation of potentially mineralized zones. Integration of spatially interpolated data yields comprehensive maps delineating areas of mining significance and elucidating pertinent geological phenomena within the study area. Subsequently, employing 2D modeling techniques on magnetic survey results facilitates accurate estimation of mineralized horizon extents and thicknesses. Ultimately, these synthesized maps serve as valuable guides for subsequent mechanical prospecting endeavors aimed at corroborating findings derived from geophysical methodologies.
Flexural Strength of RC Continuous Beams Strengthened by CFRP Using EBR and EBROG Methods: Experimental and Analytical Study
Authors: Qassim Hanan J. , Mashrei Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Recently, a new proposed technique named; Externally Bonded Reinforcement on Grooves (EBROG) has been presented as a strengthening method to postpone or eliminate the undesirable debonding failure mode that is accompanying to Externally Bonded Reinforcement (EBR) method. This paper introduces an experimental and analytical study to evaluate the validity and accuracy of the formulas that were introduced by the standard codes and researchers, in estimating the ultimate load of RC continuous beams strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets in flexure. The experimental program includes testing of ten RC beams with cross section of (200×130) mm and two equal spans, each span has a 1050 mm length. The comparison between the ultimate load collected from the test results and that predicted using ten different analytical models is conducted. It is found that the ACI 440.2R-17 and most of other analytical models well predicted the ultimate load of RC beams strengthening with one layer of CFRP sheets using EBR, but most of these models significantly underestimate the ultimate load of tested beams that were strengthened using EBROG method. ACI, Shehata el. al., and Teng et al. models give close predicted load to the experimental results in case of EBR beams strengthened with two layers.
Perioperative nutrition optimization: a review of the current literature†
Authors: Li Jin-Shuai , Shuang Wei-Bing 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
This article aims to elaborate the recent research status of perioperative nutrition optimization, in order to help clinical practice.

Methods
This study employed a comprehensive and systematic method to search prominent databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, using carefully selected keywords. Following meticulous screening, the inclusion of high-quality studies was prioritized, and a thorough review of the references was conducted to comprehensively analyze the latest evidence on perioperative nutrition optimization.

Results
The main contents include preoperative nutritional risk screening and assessment, nutritional support pathway, immune enhancing nutrition, preoperative and postoperative nutritional management, as well as personalized nutrition optimization strategies for specific populations (such as children, bariatric surgery patients, and cancer patients).

Conclusions
In clinical practice, the importance of perioperative nutrition should be emphasized, and personalized nutrition management plans should be developed based on the characteristics and needs of patients. Further research and promotion of perioperative nutrition optimization strategies will help improve the overall prognosis and quality of life of surgical patients.
Mothers’ challenges and experiences of children with cerebral palsy: a qualitative meta-synthesis
Authors: Peng Meng-Yun , Lu Yi-Fu 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To examine what challenges and experiences a mother faces in caring for children with cerebral palsy (CP). As the main caregiver of children with CP, mothers are under multiple pressures. Even though mothers’ challenges and experiences of children with CP will affect their quality of life and the rehabilitation of the children, little is known about their challenges and experiences during the whole care.

Methods
A qualitative meta-synthesis was conducted to extract and analyze qualitative research from the PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Ovid and MEDLINE databases. Thirteen articles were selected and analyzed using thematic syntheses.

Results
From 2522 screened abstracts, 84 texts were reviewed, and 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Mothers’ challenges and experiences of children with CP include 4 themes, both positive and negative.

Conclusions
The mothers of children with CP suffer from physical burden, as well as psychological pressure, in the care experience; social and healthcare support are their main challenges. Interventions to help them face the difficulties and adapt to the role of caregivers as soon as possible should target multiple aspects in order to maximize effectiveness, to promote the healthy growth of children with CP.
Peer pressure and academic stress among junior high school students: a cross-sectional study†
Authors: Sarfika Rika , Saifudin I Made Moh. Yanuar , Malini Hema , Effendi Nursyirwan , Wenny Bunga Permata 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of the study was to explore the connection between peer pressure and academic stress among junior high school students.

Methods
This descriptive correlational study was conducted to investigate the link between perceived peer pressure and academic stress. The study involved a total of 525 adolescents, aged 14–19 years, drawn from 6 public junior high schools (PJHS) in Padang, Indonesia, using purposive sampling. Academic stress and perceived peer pressure were assessed using the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA) and the Perceived Peer Pressure Scale (PPPS).

Results
The findings indicated significant variations in stress levels among students in different grade levels (7th, 8th, and 9th grades) (P < 0.05), while there were no noteworthy differences in peer pressure across these grade levels (P > 0.05). Additionally, there was a positive correlation observed between perceived peer pressure and academic stress (r = 0.14, P < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple regression analyses, incorporating demographic variables and perceived peer pressure as independent factors, yielded statistically significant results (adjusted R
2 = 0.082, F = 4.33, P < 0.001). Notably, peer pressure had a direct impact on academic stress among adolescents, with class level and parents’ educational background mediating the relationship between academic stress and adolescent behavioral problems.

Conclusions
These findings underscore the importance of addressing both external and internal factors at the individual, family, school, and societal levels to enhance adolescents’ psychological resilience and mitigate problem behaviors.
Novel Materials and Additive Manufacturing in Relation to Global Security
Authors: Dumitrache Adrian 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Additive Manufacturing, also popularly known as “3D printing” and Novel Materials which can also be named “Advanced Materials” are part of Emerging and Disruptive Technologies because of their actual use nowadays, in the case of Additive Manufacturing and the big potential it could have on the world, in case of Novel Materials. More interestingly, both Additive Manufacturing and Novel Materials can be used together and would change many things about how we think in society, even starting from how we construct bridges and houses (AM can make both of them) to combining them and having impressive directions. In terms of Global Security, both Additive Manufacturing and Novel Materials can help on the military part.
Harmonizing Virtual Currency Use in the EU: The Evolution and Impact of MiCA Regulation
Authors: Frunzeti Teodor , Dumitru Alexandru-Cosmin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the regulatory framework for virtual currencies in the European Union, tracing the development from several national laws to the comprehensive Markets in Crypto-assets (MiCA) regulation. At first, EU member states had different methods for regulating virtual currencies, creating a fragmented regulatory landscape that posed difficulties for market integrity, consumer protection, and cross-border transactions. This article covers the many regulatory responses before MiCA, explores the reasons for regulatory harmonization, and delves into the legislative process that resulted in the creation and proposal of MiCA. We examine how MiCA tackles the deficiencies of past regulations and its impact on standardizing virtual currency processes throughout the EU. MiCA's importance rests in its ability to provide a cohesive legal structure that harmonizes innovation with the requirements of financial stability and consumer safeguarding. This article explores how MiCA will influence member states' laws and the virtual currency market, providing insight into the future of EU financial regulation in the digital era.