bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A test of the compensatory mortality hypothesis in mountain lions: A management experiment in West‐Central Montana
Authors: Robinson Hugh S. , Desimone Richard , Hartway Cynthia , Gude Justin A. , Thompson Michael J. , Mitchell Michael S. , Hebblewhite Mark 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMountain lions (Puma concolor) are widely hunted for recreation, population control, and to reduce conflict with humans, but much is still unknown regarding the effects of harvest on mountain lion population dynamics. Whether human hunting mortality on mountain lions is additive or compensatory is debated. Our primary objective was to investigate population effects of harvest on mountain lions. We addressed this objective with a management experiment of 3 years of intensive harvest followed by a 6‐year recovery period. In December 2000, after 3 years of hunting, approximately 66% of a single game management unit within the Blackfoot River watershed in Montana was closed to lion hunting, effectively creating a refuge representing approximately 12% (915 km2) of the total study area (7,908 km2). Hunting continued in the remainder of the study area, but harvest levels declined from approximately 9/1,000 km2in 2001 to 2/1,000 km2in 2006 as a result of the protected area and reduced quotas outside. We radiocollared 117 mountain lions from 1998 to 2006. We recorded known fates for 63 animals, and right‐censored the remainder. Although hunting directly reduced survival, parameters such as litter size, birth interval, maternity, age at dispersal, and age of first reproduction were not significantly affected. Sensitivity analysis showed that female survival and maternity were most influential on population growth. Life‐stage simulation analysis (LSA) demonstrated the effect of hunting on the population dynamics of mountain lions. In our non‐hunted population, reproduction (kitten survival and maternity) accounted for approximately 62% of the variation in growth rate, whereas adult female survival accounted for 30%. Hunting reversed this, increasing the reliance of population growth on adult female survival (45% of the variation in population growth), and away from reproduction (12%). Our research showed that harvest at the levels implemented in this study did not affect population productivity (i.e., maternity), but had an additive effect on mountain lion mortality, and therefore population growth. Through harvest, wildlife managers have the ability to control mountain lion populations. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
More Powerful Femtosecond Lasers
Authors: Kienle Florian , Achenbach Daniel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThere is a constant race for more power and higher pulse energies from femtosecond lasers to cater for demanding applications in materials processing such as TFT‐display mask repair, glass scribing, stent cutting or composite materials machining. This puts more and more stringent requirements on the components used in the oscillators as well as amplifiers of such laser systems, particularly the laser gain medium. We would like to present our recent results with what we identified to be appropriate gain media and which were used in regenerative amplifier systems. The experiments were performed in our R&D labs as well as in the High Q Laser in‐house application lab (cutting‐edge pico‐ and femtosecond laser systems as well as laser scanning and microscopy tools).
Ultrafast laser inscription: perspectives on future integrated applications
Authors: Choudhury Debaditya , Macdonald John R. , Kar Ajoy K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent advancements achieved using ultrafast laser inscription (ULI) that highlight the cross‐disciplinary potential of the technology. An overview of waveguide fabrication is provided and the three distinct types of waveguide cross‐section architectures that have so far been fabricated in transparent dielectric materials are discussed. The paper focuses on two key emergent technologies driven by ULI processes. First, the recently developed photonic devices, such as compact mode‐locked waveguide sources and novel mid‐infrared waveguide lasers are discussed. Secondly, the phenomenon and applications of selective etching in developing ultrafast laser inscribed structures for compact lab‐on‐chip devices are elaborated. The review further discusses the conceivable future of ULI in impacting the aforementioned fields.
Quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of glycoproteins combined with enrichment methods
Authors: Ahn Yeong Hee , Kim Jin Young , Yoo Jong Shin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) has been a core technology for high sensitive and high‐throughput analysis of the enriched glycoproteome in aspects of quantitative assays as well as qualitative profiling of glycoproteins. Because it has been widely recognized that aberrant glycosylation in a glycoprotein may involve in progression of a certain disease, the development of efficient analysis tool for the aberrant glycoproteins is very important for deep understanding about pathological function of the glycoprotein and new biomarker development. This review first describes the protein glycosylation‐targeting enrichment technologies mainly employing solid‐phase extraction methods such as hydrizide‐capturing, lectin‐specific capturing, and affinity separation techniques based on porous graphitized carbon, hydrophilic interaction chromatography, or immobilized boronic acid. Second, MS‐based quantitative analysis strategies coupled with the protein glycosylation‐targeting enrichment technologies, by using a label‐free MS, stable isotope‐labeling, or targeted multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) MS, are summarized with recent published studies. © 2014 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Rapid Commun. Mass Spec Rev 34:148–165, 2015.
Rainfall estimation by S‐band polarimetric radar in Korea. Part I: preprocessing and preliminary results
Authors: You Cheol‐Hwan , Kang Mi‐Young , Lee Dong‐In , Uyeda Hiroshi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe empirical relationships used to estimate rainfall amounts from polarimetric radar observations were developed and tested by using long‐period drop size distribution (DSD) data and monitoring of rainfall events prior to operational use in Korea. Rainfall associated with Typhoon Meari in 2011 was selected to assess the performance of these relationships for point and areal rainfall amounts. Data quality was checked in regions of light rain to enable the quantitative use of polarimetric variables. The distributions of the cross‐correlation co‐efficient and standard deviation of the differential phase shift agreed with those established in a previous study, but the absolute average deviation of differential reflectivity (ZDR) was a little distorted. Biases in reflectivity (Z) and differential reflectivity were calculated following established methods and found to be –0.18 and 0.47 dB, respectively. The accuracy of rainfall amounts calculated from R(KDP) and R(KDP, ZDR) was poor. The best estimates of rainfall were obtained using R(Z, ZDR) based on DSDs from Oklahoma (OKC) in the USA and Busan (BSC) for both the point and areal mean cases. Correlation co‐efficients of R(Z, ZDR) using the BSC DSDs were better than those using the OKC DSDs for areal mean rainfall amounts. Rainfall amounts in this particular case in Korea were estimated more accurately using the Brandes drop shape for R(Z, ZDR) than the equilibrium drop shape.
Simulation of non‐planar three‐dimensional hydraulic fracture propagation
Authors: Gupta P. , Duarte C. A. 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYHydraulic fracturing is the method of choice to enhance reservoir permeability and well efficiency for extraction of shale gas. Multi‐stranded non‐planar hydraulic fractures are often observed in stimulation sites. Non‐planar fractures propagating from wellbores inclined from the direction of maximum horizontal stress have also been reported. The pressure required to propagate non‐planar fractures is in general higher than in the case of planar fractures. Current computational methods for the simulation of hydraulic fractures generally assume single, symmetric, and planar crack geometries. In order to better understand hydraulic fracturing in complex‐layered naturally fractured reservoirs, fully 3D models need to be developed. In this paper, we present simulations of 3D non‐planar fracture propagation using an adaptive generalized FEM. This method greatly facilitates the discretization of complex 3D fractures, as finite element faces are not required to fit the crack surfaces. A solution strategy for fully automatic propagation of arbitrary 3D cracks is presented. The fracture surface on which pressure is applied is also automatically updated at each step. An efficient technique to numerically integrate boundary conditions on crack surfaces is also proposed and implemented. Strongly graded localized refinement and analytical asymptotic expansions are used as enrichment functions in the neighborhood of fracture fronts to increase the computational accuracy and efficiency of the method. Stress intensity factors with pressure on crack faces are extracted using the contour integral method. Various non‐planar crack geometries are investigated to demonstrate the robustness and flexibility of the proposed simulation methodology. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parp‐1 genetic ablation in Ela–myc mice unveils novel roles for Parp‐1 in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Martínez‐Bosch Neus , Iglesias Mar , Munné‐Collado Jessica , Martínez‐Cáceres Carlos , Moreno Mireia , Guerra Carmen , Yélamos Jose , Navarro Pilar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPancreatic cancer has a dismal prognosis and is currently the fourth leading cause of cancer‐related death in developed countries. The inhibition of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (Parp‐1), the major protein responsible for poly(ADP‐ribosy)lation in response to DNA damage, has emerged as a promising treatment for several tumour types. Here we aimed to elucidate the involvement of Parp‐1 in pancreatic tumour progression. We assessed Parp‐1 protein expression in normal, preneoplastic and pancreatic tumour samples from humans and from K‐Ras‐ and c‐myc‐driven mouse models of pancreatic cancer. Parp‐1 was highly expressed in acinar cells in normal and cancer tissues. In contrast, ductal cells expressed very low or undetectable levels of this protein, both in a normal and in a tumour context. The Parp‐1 expression pattern was similar in human and mouse samples, thereby validating the use of animal models for further studies. To determine the in vivo effects of Parp‐1 depletion on pancreatic cancer progression, Ela–myc‐driven pancreatic tumour development was analysed in a Parp‐1 knock‐out background. Loss of Parp‐1 resulted in increased tumour necrosis and decreased proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Interestingly, Ela–myc:Parp‐1−/− mice displayed fewer ductal tumours than their Ela–myc:Parp‐1+/+ counterparts, suggesting that Parp‐1 participates in promoting acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia, a key event in pancreatic cancer initiation. Moreover, impaired macrophage recruitment can be responsible for the ADM blockade found in the Ela–myc:Parp‐1−/− mice. Finally, molecular analysis revealed that Parp‐1 modulates ADM downstream of the Stat3–MMP7 axis and is also involved in transcriptional up‐regulation of the MDM2, VEGFR1 and MMP28 cancer‐related genes. In conclusion, the expression pattern of Parp‐1 in normal and cancer tissue and the in vivo functional effects of Parp‐1 depletion point to a novel role for this protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis and shed light into the clinical use of Parp‐1 inhibitors. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A New Computer Code for Prediction of Enthalpy of Fusion and Melting Point of Energetic Materials
Authors: Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe prediction of phase change properties of energetic materials is important for the assessment of hazardous energetic materials. A novel user‐friendly computer code, written in Visual Basic, is introduced to predict the melting point and the enthalpy of fusion of energetic materials by only using their molecular structure parameters. It can be used for different types of energetic compounds including polynitro arenes, polynitro heteroarenes, acyclic and cyclic nitramines, nitrate esters, and nitroaliphatic. The predicted results were compared with several of the best available methods, which confirmed the higher reliability of the new computer code for some new and well‐known energetic compounds with complex molecular structures. This code can be used for designing of energetic compounds with desirable phase change properties.
Additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rossi A. C. , Prefumo F. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo analyze literature on the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing central nervous system (CNS) anomalies suspected by ultrasound.MethodsA search was performed of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library and the reference lists of identified articles. Inclusion criteria were CNS anomalies suspected/diagnosed by ultrasound, MRI performed after ultrasound, and postmortem examination by autopsy or postnatal assessment. MOOSE guidelines were followed. Outcomes assessed were positive/negative agreement between ultrasound and MRI, additional information provided by MRI, and discordance between ultrasound and MRI. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of MRI were calculated using the DerSimonian–Laird method. Postnatal/postmortem examinations were used as the reference standard.ResultsWe identified thirteen articles which included 710 fetuses undergoing both ultrasound and MRI. MRI confirmed ultrasound‐positive findings in 65.4% of fetuses and provided additional information in 22.1%. MRI disclosed CNS anomalies in 18.4% of fetuses. In 2.0% of cases, ultrasound was more accurate than MRI. In 30% of fetuses, MRI was so different from ultrasound that the clinical management changed. Agreement was observed mainly for ventriculomegaly (51.3%). Disagreement was noted mainly for midline anomalies (48.6%). Pooled sensitivity of MRI was 97% (95% CI, 95–98%) and pooled specificity was 70% (95% CI, 58–81%).ConclusionsMRI supplements the information provided by ultrasound. It should be considered in selected fetuses with CNS anomalies suspected on ultrasound. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Oberflächenfunktionalisierung von Kunststoffoptik
Authors: Schulz Ulrike 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTransparente Polymere werden zunehmend in vielen Bereichen der Optik eingesetzt. Ihre Oberflächen müssen unter anderem durch dünne Schichten entspiegelt und gehärtet werden. Für Glasoptiken etablierte Beschichtungsprozesse können dabei in den meisten Fällen nicht angewendet werden. Die komplexe organische Chemie der Polymeroberflächen und Vielfalt der Materialien bedingen besondere Technologien für die Beschichtung. Der erste Teil dieses Tutorials gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die am häufigsten verwendeten transparenten Kunststoffe und ihre beschichtungsrelevanten Eigenschaften.
Spectroscopy and microscopy of graphene on metals:
Authors: Dedkov Yuriy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractGraphene is an intriguing object of condensed mater physics. Discovery of its fascinating transport properties renewed the interest to the studies of graphene on metallic surfaces. That leads to the technological breakthrough showing that graphene on metals can be used as a protective layer and that its synthesis on metals is the most promising way to prepare huge graphene layers. However, all technology‐related and fundamental studies of the graphene‐metal interfaces require the understanding of the bonding mechanism at the interface and the consequent modifications of the electronic structure of graphene compared to the free‐standing case. Here we consider two representative examples of the strongly and weakly bonded graphene on metals demonstrating how surface science methods help to understand the origin of the bonding at the graphene‐metal interface. These methods help to trace all modifications in the electronic structure of graphene on the microscopic and macroscopic levels.
Vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) of stainless steel
Authors: Teeuwsen Anke 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHigh costs for vacuum generation and maintenance can be overcome by replacing steam ejector pumps with mechanical vacuum pumps, initially for the vacuum degassing (VD) process but later also for the vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) process. Initial concerns about the technical suitability of mechanical pumps for vacuum processing of large heat weights have proven unfounded. There is no real technical upper limit. With detailed knowledge about the vacuum process mechanical vacuum pumps can be successfully engineered for any heat weight where a steam ejector pump would previously have been selected. In fact, suction speed of mechanical vacuum pumps can be ideally controlled to fit the various phases of vacuum processing. This article will show how mechanical vacuum pumps contribute to significant cost reduction and to the possibility of automation of decarburisation, thereby achieving better process control.
Data privacy
Authors: Torra Vicenç , Navarro‐Arribas Guillermo 
Published: June 2014

Data privacy studies methods, tools, and theory to avoid the disclosure of sensitive information. Its origin is in statistics with the goal to ensure the confidentiality of data gathered from census and questionnaires. The topic was latter introduced in computer science and more particularly in data mining, where due to the large amount of data currently available, has attracted the interest of researchers, practitioners, and companies. In this paper we will review the main topics related to data privacy and privacy‐enhancing technologies.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Application Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Recent development of antifouling polymers: structure, evaluation, and biomedical applications in nano/micro‐structures
Authors: Liu Lingyun , Li Wenchen , Liu Qingsheng 
Published: June 2014

Antifouling polymers have been proven to be vital to many biomedical applications such as medical implants, drug delivery, and biosensing. This review covers the major development of antifouling polymers in the last 2 decades, including the material chemistry, structural factors important to antifouling properties, and how to challenge or evaluate the antifouling performances. We then discuss the applications of antifouling polymers in nano/micro‐biomedical applications in the form of nanoparticles, thin coatings for medical devices (e.g., artificial joint, catheter, wound dressing), and nano/microscale fibers.WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol2014, 6:599–614. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1278This article is categorized under:Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanomaterials and Implants
Post‐release acclimation of translocated low‐elevation, non‐migratory bighorn sheep
Authors: Clapp Justin G. , Beck Jeffrey L. , Gerow Kenneth G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTUse of global positioning system (GPS) transmitters provides opportunities to evaluate ecological questions associated with fine‐scale animal movements. One important application is to evaluate how animals acclimate to new surroundings after translocation. Our objective was to quantify temporal acclimation for low‐elevation, non‐migratory bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from 3 translocations to the Seminoe Mountains in south‐central Wyoming, USA, from 2009 to 2010 (n = 38) as well as for bighorns captured and released on‐site in 2011 (n = 24). We used number of days for movements from individual bighorn to stabilize as a measure of acclimation. Mean acclimation for translocated bighorns after release was 29.3 days (SE = 2.5, range = 0–70). Mean acclimation for bighorns captured and released on‐site was 5.0 days (SE = 2.4, range = 0–52). Paired comparisons indicated acclimation for 16 previously translocated bighorns that were captured and released on‐site was reduced by 30.8 days (SE = 5.0) or 86%. Within translocation efforts, bighorn females in supplemental releases acclimated an average of 19.5 days sooner (or in 57% of the time) than animals from the first translocation. Because acclimation periods after translocation releases are associated with increased mortality risk, managers should consider supplemental releases to minimize acclimation periods. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Is Radical Surgery Feasible in Liver Hydatid Cysts in Contact with the Inferior Vena Cava?
Authors: Ramia J. M. , Serrablo A. , De la Plaza R. , Esarte J. , Gijón L. , Sarria L. , Figueras J. , García‐Parreño J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundCysts in contact with the inferior vena cava (IVC) represent a challenge for hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary surgeons. Although the literature on the topic is scarce, the most widely accepted approach is conservative surgery. Partial cyst resection is recommended, because radical resection is considered a high‐risk procedure.Study designThis was a retrospective study over the period January 2007–December 2012. We operated on 103 patients with liver hydatidosis. A total of 32 patients (31 %) had a liver cyst in contact with the IVC. We proposed a cyst classification based on location of the cyst and length of contact and degrees of involvement of the IVC.ResultsMedian size of the contacting cyst measured by computed tomography (CT) was 12 cm. On CT, median length of contact with the IVC was 37 mm. The median degree of involvement was 90°. Radical surgery was performed in 20 patients (62.5 %). No IVC resection was done. Morbidity rate was 28 %, and mortality was 3 %. In follow‐up (median 27 months), no relapses or problems related to IVC flow were detected. Postoperative stay and transfusion rate were higher in the conservative surgery group, but these patients presented fewer complications. There was no relationship between circumferential grades and length of contact with the IVC and the type of surgery performed.ConclusionsLiver hydatid cysts in contact with the IVC are large cysts usually located in the right liver. They do not normally cause clinical symptoms related to IVC contact. Radical surgery is feasible, and was performed in 60 % of our series, but it is technically demanding. We propose a classification of cysts in contact with the IVC.
Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal head engagement
Authors: Dimassi Kaouther , Anissa Ben Amor  , Belghith Cyrine , Mohamed Amine Ben Khedija  , Triki Amel , Mohamed Faouzi Gara  
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare clinical data and transperineal ultrasound results for the diagnosis of fetal head engagement.MethodsThe present prospective longitudinal study enrolled 100 term women attending the Mongi Slim Hospital, La Marsa, Tunisia, between July and September 2012. The clinical assessment of fetal engagement was compared with ultrasound measurements. Ultrasound examination was performed in the delivery room. The probe was placed on the ano‐vulvar area. The measure used was the distance between the perineum and external table of fetal skull.ResultsThe ultrasound measures of the perineum to external table of fetal skull ranged from 13 to 75 mm. The measures of the perineum to succedaneum bump ranged from 22 to 68 mm. A threshold of 55 mm was determined as the perineum to fetal head distance above which a diagnosis of engagement would be reversed. This proposed threshold had a positive predictive value of 98.6%, a sensitivity of 86.7%, and a specificity of 94.1%.ConclusionTransperineal ultrasound is a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for the diagnosis of fetal head engagement. It can be used in the delivery room in addition to clinical examination and when the latter is hampered by a succedaneum bump.