bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil moisture variability in Iowa
Authors: Khong Angela , Wang Jessica K. , Quiring Steven M. , Ford Trent W. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThirty years (1954–1983) of soil moisture data from 60 sites in Iowa are used to identify the dominant modes of spatial and temporal variability. Both soil moisture and precipitation exhibit a northwest to southeast gradient across Iowa, with wetter conditions in the southeast and drier conditions in the northwest. Climate and soil characteristics are responsible for the spatial variations in soil moisture. There is a pronounced annual soil moisture cycle that has three distinct phases: a moist phase (April–June), a drying phase (June–September), and a recharge phase (September–November). Spring soil moisture is strongly controlled by the amount of recharge during the previous fall. There is no evidence of a long‐term trend in soil moisture; however there is significant interannual variability and about 20% of the variance is attributable to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The warm (cold) phase of ENSO is associated with above (below) average soil moisture in Iowa. The multi‐decadal soil moisture record is used to analyse drought frequency and magnitude in Iowa, and to place the 2012 Midwest drought in historical context. In general, Iowa drought is more common during the latter part of the warm season (August through November), but tends to be more severe during the early part of the warm season (April–July). We find that the 2012 drought was unusual because it persisted and intensified throughout the growing season.
Changing temperature and precipitation extremes in the Hindu Kush‐Himalayan region: an analysis of CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations and projections
Authors: Panday Prajjwal K. , Thibeault Jeanne , Frey Karen E. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe Hindu Kush‐Himalayan (HKH) region epitomizes a geographic region where cryospheric processes coupled with hydrological regimes are under threat owing to a warming climate and shifts in climate extremes. In this study, we analyse global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) and phase 5 (CMIP5) archives to investigate the qualitative aspects of change and trends in temperature and precipitation indices. Specifically, we examine and evaluate multi‐model, multi‐scenario climate change projections and seven extreme temperature and precipitation indices over the eastern Himalaya (EH) and western Himalaya‐Karakoram (WH) regions for the 21st century. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 1960–2000 period. Multi‐model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. Time series of all MMA precipitation indices exhibit significant increasing trends over the 1901–2099 period. By comparison, time series of temperature indices show decreases in the intra‐annual extreme temperature range and total number of frost days, as well as increases in warm nights. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions.
Spurious resonance suppression for a THz single bandpass filter using lossy glass substrates
Authors: Kim Dongju , Eo Sung‐Hwa , Oh Se‐I , Jang Jae‐Hyung 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTNarrowband metamaterial‐based filters using an array of split ring resonator (SRR) unit cells exhibit multiband operating characteristics due to the low frequency L‐C resonance together with the high frequency dipole resonance of the SRR structure. To obtain single‐band characteristics from the metamaterial‐based terahertz (THz) band pass filter (BPF), the unwanted dipole resonance at high frequency should be suppressed. A lossy glass was used for a substrate for THz BPF that consists of a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) to suppress the undesirable resonances at higher frequencies. The resulting CSRR filter on a glass substrate exhibited single‐band BPF characteristics with a spurious band rejection ratio over 50 dB. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:58–60, 2015
A compact CRLH unit cell loaded triple‐band monopole antenna
Authors: Reddy S. Venkatrami , Sarkar Debdeep , Saurav Kushmanda , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a microstrip‐fed triple‐band monopole antenna loaded with a composite right/left handed (CRLH) unit cell is presented. The proposed CRLH unit cell comprises of shunt spiral inductors and series interdigital capacitors. Loading of the monopole with CRLH unit cell induces two additional lower order frequency bands below the λ/4 resonance of the monopole. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The radiation patterns at the three operating frequencies are quasi‐omnidirectional. The proposed antenna can be used in GSM‐900/WLAN/LTE2500 applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:115–119, 2015
Inkjet‐printed loop radiators design and testing by near field scanning
Authors: Kalinichev Victor , Vesnik Mikhail , Ryabokul Artem , Krol Anton , Efremov Alexey , Kohtina Julia , Nisan Anton , Pavlov Nikolai 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTCharacteristics of inkjet‐printed loop radiators in the 2–3 GHz range are studied. Main attention is given to antennas on a paper‐based substrate. Radiation characteristics are tested using the EMSCAN™ technology of near field scanning. Main prospective applications are in construction of RFID tags. Further research in this area is in demand. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:127–132, 2015
A compact dual‐wideband bandpass filter using two triple‐mode resonators for S‐band applications
Authors: Qiang Tian , Wang Cong , Kim Nam Young 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA compact dual‐wideband bandpass filter (BPF) is proposed using two triple‐mode resonators (TMRs) for S‐band applications. The proposed TMRs loaded with two folded open‐ended stubs exhibit triple‐mode property and realize dual‐band performance by sharing a common input and output. Due to the symmetrical structure of the TMRs, even‐odd‐mode analysis is applied to explain the modal characteristics. Finally, a dual‐wideband triple‐mode BPF is designed and measured. The proposed pattern without via satisfied the specification of the lower passband and the upper passband as the lower insertion loss of 0.87 dB and 0.93 dB, respectively and the wider fractional bandwidth of 13.9 and 17.7%, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:153–157, 2015
Linearly‐polarized patch PIFA for GPS/GLONASS operation for tablet‐computer applications
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTA linearly‐polarized, planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) embedded inside a large‐sized tablet computer with a complete, metal back cover for global positioning system and global navigation satellite system operations is proposed. The antenna was constructed by stamping a flat plate and bent two times to form a compact structure with dimensions 6 × 9 × 50 mm3. The patch PIFA was fed and short‐circuited at the top patch above the antenna ground with a vertical ground wall, connecting there between and facing the interior of the tablet. This wall can be used to alleviate the electromagnetic interaction between the antenna and the conducting components in the vicinity. Effects of various antenna locations on the right‐hand circularly‐polarized and the left‐hand circularly‐polarized patterns were also analyzed. Detailed design and the results, thereof, are described and discussed in the article. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:149–153, 2015
A highly transparent broadside patch antenna
Authors: Wan Shaopeng , Huang Kama 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe transparent antenna can potentially be combined with solar cells to create multifunctional compact systems. In this article, an optically transparent broadside antenna is presented. Based on a meshed patch antenna which has three horizontal lines and three vertical lines, the antenna has four more lines to increase the bandwidth. The antenna is fed by a top fed for simple structure, and the area of the feed line is much smaller than the one of a side fed. The transparency is much better because of the low ratio of metal area, which can be further reduced without destroying the performance of the antenna. The transparent broadside antenna is studied at 2.5 GHz. On the upper surface of the antenna, the ratio of metal area is 3.2%, and the measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is close to 60 MHz. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:146–149, 2015
Wide band frequency selective surface for angular and polarization independent operation
Authors: da Silva Segundo F. C. G. , Campos A. L. P. S. , Braz E. C. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the authors propose the use of Cantor dust fractal geometry design frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with wideband, angular, and polarization independent operation aiming ultrawide band (UWB) applications. The simulated results were obtained with the computer program Ansoft Designer™. A prototype of the designed FSS was built and its transmission characteristics were measured for vertical and horizontal polarization. A good agreement between simulated and measured results was obtained. The FSS was stable angularly and in terms of polarization and proved to be useful for UWB applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:216–219, 2015
Theoretical analyses of chemical dissolution‐front instability in fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions
Authors: Zhao Chongbin , Hobbs B. E. , Ord A. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper mainly deals with the theoretical aspects of chemical dissolution‐front instability problems in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions. In the case of the mineral dissolution ratio (that is defined as the ratio of the dissolved‐mineral equilibrium concentration in the pore fluid to the molar concentration of the dissolvable mineral in the solid matrix of the fluid‐saturated porous medium) approaching zero, the corresponding critical condition has been mathematically derived when temperature variation effects are considered. As a complementary tool, the computational simulation method is used to simulate the morphological evolution of chemical dissolution fronts in two‐dimensional fluid‐saturated porous media under non‐isothermal conditions. The related theoretical and numerical results have demonstrated that: (i) a temperature increase in a non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system can have some influence on the propagation speed of the planar chemical dissolution front in the system. Generally, the chemical dissolution front in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system propagates slower than that in the counterpart isothermal chemical dissolution system when the temperature of the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system is higher than that of the counterpart isothermal chemical dissolution system; (ii) a temperature increase in the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system can stabilize the chemical dissolution front propagating in the system, because it can cause a decrease in the Zhao number of the system but does not affect the critical Zhao number of the system; and (iii) the temperature gradient in the upstream direction of a chemical dissolution front is smaller than that in the downstream direction of the chemical dissolution front when the non‐isothermal chemical dissolution system is supercritical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An essential role for Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS) in early white adipogenesis
Authors: Park Jun Hong , Lee Sean Bong 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveWhite adipose tissue is important for mammalian energy homeostasis and metabolism. It was previously demonstrated that Ewing sarcoma gene (EWS) is essential for early classical brown fat lineage determination, but its role in white adipocyte differentiation is not known.MethodsMouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Ews and shRNA‐mediated silencing of Ews in 3T3L1 preadipocytes were used to investigate the role of EWS in adipogenesis. White fat differentiation was determined by analyzing the expression of key adipogenic genes and by Oil red O staining.ResultsFollowing adipogenic stimulation, Ews expression arose rapidly in 3T3L1 cells during early induction period. Ews‐null MEFs and 3T3L1 cells with reduced Ews expression failed to undergo adipogenesis. This was accompanied by significant reduction in the expression of critical early adipogenic regulators, Bmp2, Bmp4 (bone morphogenic protein 2 and 4), Cebpβ, and Cebpδ (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β and δ). Complementation of recombinant BMP2 or BMP4 partially rescued adipogenesis in Ews‐depleted 3T3L1 cells.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that EWS is essential during the early steps of white adipocyte differentiation, at least in part through its regulation of BMP2 and BMP4 expression.
Mixed Aggregates of 1‐Methoxyallenyllithium with Lithium Chloride
Authors: Pratt Lawrence M. , Dixon Darryl D. , Tius Marcus A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA combined computational and 13C NMR study was used to investigate the formation of mixed aggregates of 1‐methoxyallenyllithium and lithium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution. The observed and calculated chemical shifts, as well as the calculated free energies of mixed aggregate formation (MP2/6‐31+G(d)), are consistent with the formation of a mixed dimer as the major species in solution. Free energies of mixed dimer, trimer, and tetramer formation were calculated by using the B3LYP and MP2 methods and the 6‐31+G(d) basis set. The two methods generated different predictions of which mixed aggregates will be formed, with B3LYP/6‐31+G(d) favoring mixed trimers and tetramers in THF solution, and MP2/6‐31+G(d) favoring mixed dimers. Formation of the sterically unhindered mixed dimers is also consistent with the enhanced reactivity of these compounds in the presence of lithium chloride. The spectra are also consistent with some residual 1‐methoxyallenyllithium tetramer, as well as small amounts of higher mixed aggregates. Although neither computational method is perfect, for this particular system, the calculated free energies derived using the MP2 method are in better agreement with experimental data than those derived using the B3LYP method.
X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of gold nanowire arrays embodied in ion‐track template
Authors: Yao Huijun , Xie Lu , Duan Jinglai , Mo Dan , Chen Yonghui , Lv Shuangbao , Liu Jie , Sun Youmei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe gold nanowire arrays with different diameter and length were successfully prepared in etched ion‐track template assisted with electrochemical deposition method and the nanowire's crystal structure and morphology were characterized by transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM). The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyse the electronic states of gold nanowire arrays embodied in the template. It was found that the 4f core level binding energy of gold nanowire shifted toward higher binding energy when comparing with bulk gold. The positive binding energy shift increased significantly with decreasing nanowire's length or diameter. The enhanced final‐state effect was considered to explain the 4f binding energy shift of gold nanowire arrays embodied in template finally. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation and properties of SiC and C particle nano‐colloids in non‐polar liquids
Authors: Hajjaji Hamza , Zakharko Yuriy , Alekseev Sergeï , Guillot Gérard , Philippon David , Vergne Philippe , Bluet Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElectrochemical etching of polycrystalline SiC is used in order to form SiC nanoparticles. During the process, both SiC and carbon‐related nanoparticles like onion like carbon are formed. The two different species can be selected by centrifugation. Both nanoparticles have been functionalized for dispersion in non‐polar liquids. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improving Efficiency and Patient Satisfaction in a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Center Using Lean-Based Methodology
Authors: Zhu Ying , Lu Zhenqi , Dai Hongqin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: The peripherally inserted central catheter implantation and maintenance process was optimized at Shanghai Fu Dan University Cancer Center using lean-based methodology. Problems addressed were coping with capacity limitations and streamlining the process of patient care to reduce potential complications associated with delays in catheter administration. These clinical processes were evaluated with regard to pretreatment areas—such as booking, waiting, and patient education—and solutions were recommended to the problems that were identified.
Methods: Lean methodology was used under actual clinical settings to improve the clinical process, using observations, patient surveys, interviews, data analysis, and a kaizen workshop. Three tools were applied from lean methodology: value stream mapping, bottleneck calculation, and fishbone root cause analysis. The philosophy of kaizen was used to enhance teamwork, boost morale, and encourage all members of the frontline nursing team and administration leaders to contribute ideas and suggestions for improvement.
Results: A value stream map and a redesigned future value stream map were plotted at the workshop to identify problems related to inefficiency and waste and to aid in proposing solutions. Implementation of these solutions resulted in smooth and steady patient distributions on days with the largest patient volume during a typical week and an increase of 30% in the number of patients that could be seen in a week.
Conclusions: The economic methodology of lean manufacturing, especially value stream mapping, can be a powerful tool for visualizing and better understanding processes to reduce waste and reengineer a standardized workstream in settings where peripheral intravenous central catheters are placed.
Data-driven traffic and diffusion modeling in peer-to-peer networks: A real case study
Authors: HOLLANDERS ROMAIN , BERNARDES DANIEL F. , MITRA BIVAS , JUNGERS RAPHAËL M. , DELVENNE JEAN-CHARLES , TARISSAN FABIEN 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPeer-to-peer systems have driven a lot of attention in the past decade as they have become a major source of Internet traffic. The amount of data flowing through the peer-to-peer network is huge and hence challenging both to comprehend and to control. In this work, we take advantage of a new and rich dataset recording the peer-to-peer activity at a remarkable scale to address these difficult problems. After extracting the relevant and measurable properties of the network from the data, we develop two models that aim to make the link between the low-level properties of the network, such as the proportion of peers that do not share content (i.e., free riders) or the distribution of the files among the peers, and its high-level properties, such as the Quality of Service or the diffusion of content, which are of interest for supervision and control purposes. We observe a significant agreement between the high-level properties measured on the real data and on the synthetic data generated by our models, which is encouraging for our models to be used in practice as large-scale prediction tools. Relying on them, we demonstrate that spending efforts to reduce the amount of free riders indeed helps to improve the availability of files on the network. We observe however a saturation of this phenomenon after 60% of free riders.
Unilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder: retrocochlear lesion in disguise?
Authors: Mohammadi A , Walker P , Gardner-Berry K 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjective:To investigate whether the aetiology for hearing impairment in neonates with unilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder could be explained by structural abnormalities such as cochlear nerve aplasia, a cerebellopontine angle tumour or another identifiable lesion.Methods:In this prospective case series, 17 neonates were diagnosed with unilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder on electrophysiological testing. Diagnostic audiology testing, including auditory brainstem response testing, was supplemented with computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging.Results:Ten of the neonates (59 per cent) showed evidence for cochlear nerve aplasia. Of the remaining seven, four were shown to have another abnormality of the temporal bone on imaging. Only three neonates (18 per cent) were not diagnosed with cochlear nerve aplasia or another lesion. Three computed tomography scans were reported as normal, but subsequent magnetic resonance imaging revealed cochlear nerve aplasia.Conclusion:Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder as a unilateral condition mandates further investigation for a definitive diagnosis. This series demonstrates that most neonates with unilateral auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder had pathology as visualised on computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging scans. Magnetic resonance imaging is an appropriate first-line imaging modality.
Social Investment after Neoliberalism: Policy Paradigms and Political Platforms
Authors: DEEMING CHRISTOPHER , SMYTH PAUL 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe concept of the ‘social investment state’ refocuses attention on the productive function of social policy eclipsed for some time by the emphasis on its social protection or compensation roles. Here we distinguish between different social investment strategies, the Nordic ‘heavy’ and the Liberal ‘light’, with particular reference to the inclusive growth approach adopted in Australia. In 2007, social democrats in Australia returned to government with a clear mandate to reject the labour market deregulation and other neoliberal policies of its predecessor, and to tackle entrenched social and economic disadvantage in Australian society. For the last five years, social investment and inclusive growth has been at the centre of the Australian social policy agenda. Against this background, the article examines and critically assesses the (re)turn to ‘social investment’ thinking in Australia during Labor's term in office (2007–13). Analysis focuses not just on what was actually achieved, but also on the constraining role of prevailing economic and political circumstances and on the processes that were used to drive social investment reform. In many ways, the article goes some way to exposing ongoing tensions surrounding the distinctiveness of ‘social investment’ strategies pursued by leftist parties within the (neo)liberal state.
The movement of thought in Erskine's writings
Authors: Andersen Michael Asgaard 
Published: November 2014

In the 1960s and '70s Ralph Erskine wrote a number of articles where he manifested and developed his view on architecture and its role in society. These articles are important to understand his oeuvre, but have not received the same attention as his built work. This essay aims at explicating the central themes as well as tracing changes and recurrences in the articles during the most important decades of his lifelong career.The articles were published in a range of different magazines, some in rather marginal ones with a limited distribution, others only in the Swedish language. This accounts in part for the reason his thoughts are primarily known through secondary sources. Nonetheless, his writings present significant and sometimes even original thoughts on architecture.