bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed perforation: A hazardous complication of endoscopic resection for non‐ampullary duodenal neoplasm
Authors: Inoue Takuya , Uedo Noriya , Yamashina Takeshi , Yamamoto Sachiko , Hanaoka Noboru , Takeuchi Yoji , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu , Iishi Hiroyasu , Tatsuta Masaharu , Takahashi Hidenori , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Ohigashi Hiroaki 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundPerforation is a major complication of endoscopic resection for gastrointestinal neoplasms. However, little is known about delayed perforation after endoscopic resection for non‐ampullary duodenal neoplasm. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of delayed perforation after endoscopic resection for non‐ampullary duodenal neoplasm.Patients and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a referral cancer center. A total of 63 patients (41 with adenomas and 22 with carcinomas) underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from January 1993 to December 2011. Incidence, outcome, and factors associated with occurrence of delayed perforation were investigated.ResultsDelayed perforation occurred in four patients (6.3%). All lesions were located distal to Vater's ampulla. Three of four delayed perforations occurred within 36 h after endoscopic resection. All patients developed retroperitonitis, and two also had retroperitoneal abscesses. Although three patients were cured with conservative management, a long hospital stay was required (28‐, 80‐, and 81‐day hospital stay, respectively). One patient required emergency surgery as a result of panperitonitis. There was, fortunately, no mortality in this series. The significant predictors of delayed perforation were location (distal to Vater's ampulla, P = 0.007) and resection method (ESD and piecemeal EMR, P = 0.003).ConclusionEndoscopic resection for non‐ampullary duodenal neoplasms has a possible risk of morbid complication i.e. delayed perforation, especially in patients with lesions located on the side distal from the ampulla and who are treated with piecemeal EMR or ESD.
Evaluation of a new image‐enhanced endoscopic technology using band‐limited light for detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kodashima Shinya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Ono Satoshi , Niimi Keiko , Mochizuki Satoshi , Asada‐Hirayama Itsuko , Konno‐Shimizu Maki , Matsuda Rie , Minatsuki Chihiro , Nakayama Chiemi , Takahashi Yu , Sakaguchi Yoshiki , Yamamichi Nobutake , Tanaka Chinari , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical utility of a new image‐enhanced endoscopy (IEE) technology called optical enhancement imaging (OEI‐1, ‐2, ‐3) by quantitatively evaluating diagnostic performance in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in order to facilitate detection and characterization of gastrointestinal tumors.Patients and MethodsThe study involved 10 esophageal SCC resected endoscopically at our hospital. Ex vivo observation of the boundary area between normal and SCC was done using each mode (white light image [WLI], OEI‐1, OEI‐2, and OEI‐3) with and without magnification. The additional effect of OEI on WLI was evaluated by calculating the color difference (expressed as ΔE94) between SCC and normal epithelium, and that between the intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL) and inter‐vascular background coloration (IVBC).ResultsMean ΔE94 values between SCC and normal epithelium for WLI, OEI‐1, OEI‐2, and OEI‐3 were 9.37 ± 4.64, 13.82 ± 4.46,13.26 ± 4.73, and 16.44 ± 4.83, respectively; the corresponding values between IPCL and IVBC were 17.57 ± 10.17, 29.32 ± 9.95, 25.41 ± 11.72, and 23.71 ± 11.58, respectively. Compared with WLI, all OEI exhibited significant additional effect on ΔE94. Furthermore, we found significant additional effect of OEI‐3 in observing SCC and normal epithelium, and of OEI‐1 in observing IPCL and IVBC, compared with other OEI.ConclusionThese results suggest that OEI improves endoscopic detection and characterization of esophageal SCC compared with WLI. Moreover, the data indicate that OEI‐3 is useful for detection and OEI‐1 is useful for characterization of esophageal SCC.
Novel antireflux covered metal stent for recurrent occlusion of biliary metal stents: A pilot study
Authors: Hamada Tsuyoshi , Isayama Hiroyuki , Nakai Yousuke , Kogure Hirofumi , Togawa Osamu , Kawakubo Kazumichi , Yamamoto Natsuyo , Ito Yukiko , Sasaki Takashi , Tsujino Takeshi , Sasahira Naoki , Hirano Kenji , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundFeasibility of antireflux metal stent (ARMS), designed to prevent duodenobiliary reflux, was reported in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction. In this prospective pilot study, we aimed to evaluate a newly designed ARMS as a reintervention for self‐expandable metallic stent (SEMS) occlusion believed to be caused by duodenobiliary reflux.Patients and MethodsPatients with non‐resectable distal malignant biliary obstruction were included in whom a prior SEMS was occluded as a result of sludge or food impaction between March 2010 and January 2012 at two Japanese tertiary referral centers. The occluded SEMS were endoscopically removed, if possible, and subsequently replaced by a newly designed ARMS. We evaluated the technical success rate and complications of ARMS and compared the time to occlusion of ARMS with that of prior SEMS.ResultsA total of 13 patients were included. ARMS was successfully placed in all patients in a single procedure. No procedure‐related complications were identified. ARMS occlusion occurred in two patients (15%), the causes of which were sludge in one patient and unknown in the other. ARMS migration occurred in four patients (31%). ARMS patency time was significantly longer than that of prior SEMS (median, not available vs 58 days; P = 0.039).ConclusionsThis newly designed ARMS is a technically feasible, safe, and effective reintervention for SEMS occlusion as a result of sludge or food impaction. An anti‐migration mechanism to improve the outcomes of ARMS should be considered.
Melanocytomas of the Central Nervous System: a clinicopathological and molecular study
Authors: Wang Hai , Zhang Shu , Wu Chun , Zhang Zhiyuan , Qin Taichun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundMelanocytomas of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are rare and benign lesions. These slow‐growing tumours can behave aggressively, with local recurrence. Various genetic aberrations occur in malignant melanomas and raise possible new therapeutic options. However, little information is available regarding these characteristic genetic alterations in melanocytomas of the CNS. This study was designed to better understand the clinicopathological and molecular features of melanocytomas.Materials and MethodsTwenty cases of melanocytoma were studied by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Clinical characteristics, therapeutic options and prognosis were analysed. BRAF, NRAS and KIT gene mutations were tested by direct DNA sequencing.ResultsFourteen of twenty patients had intracranial tumours including one associated with naevus of Ota and six were spinal. Histologically, these tumours contain fusiform and epithelioid cells with little or no cellular pleomorphism and rare mitoses. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural findings confirmed the origin of tumour cells as melanocytic. None of the melanocytomas harboured BRAF, NRAS and KIT mutations. Patients with complete resection had no tumour recurrence. Moreover, patients with incomplete tumour resection followed by radiotherapy showed a higher local control (LC) rate than incomplete resection alone (P < 0·05).ConclusionsBRAF, NRAS and KIT mutations appear to be rare, if not completely absent in melanocytomas of the CNS. The complete resection of the tumour or incomplete resection followed by radiotherapy should be considered as better therapeutic options to reduce the tumour recurrence.
Motivation to study dental professions in one London Dental Institute
Authors: Belsi A. , Asimakopoulou K. , Donaldson N. , Gallagher J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionWhile past research has explored dental students' motivation to study, there is limited understanding in the reasons behind career choice for hygienists/therapists and dental nurses. The aim of this study was to investigate simultaneously the views of students of dentistry, hygiene/therapy and dental nursing in King's College London and explore similarities or differences in career choice.MethodsAll first‐year students were invited to the questionnaire survey, exploring motivation to study using a 23‐item instrument. Data were analysed using SPSS v18; statistical analysis included one‐way analyses of variance and factor analysis.ResultsThe overall response rate to the study was 75% (n = 209). Ten out of 23 factors were considered important by more than 80% of respondents, with ‘job security’ (93.8%), ‘desire to work with people’ (88%) and ‘degree leading to recognised job’ (87.5%) being top three. Analysis suggested that 52% of the total variation in motivating influences was explained by four factors: ‘features of the job’ (26%), ‘education/skills’ (11%), ‘public service’ (8%) and ‘careers‐advising’ (7%); at group level ‘features of the job’ were significantly more important for the direct entrants to dentistry (P = 0.001).DiscussionThe findings suggest that across groups students were motivated to study by common influences reflecting altruistic, but also pragmatic and realistic motives, while ‘features of the job’ were more important for the direct entrants to dentistry.
Distance from Water, Sex and Approach Direction Influence Flight Distances Among Habituated Black Swans
Authors: Guay Patrick‐Jean , Lorenz Rachael D. A. , Robinson Randall W. , Symonds Matthew R. E. , Weston Michael A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn many animals, response to predators occurs at greater distances the further an individual is from a refuge, but this has rarely been investigated in birds. Here, we test the hypothesis that the further from refuge (i.e. water) a foraging black swan Cygnus atratus is situated, the longer its flight initiation distance (FID) in response to a pedestrian approach on land. As predicted, swans situated farther from water exhibited longer FIDs compared with those closer to the shore. In addition, there was the possibility of an interesting interaction effect (p < 0.061) of sex and direction of approach on FID. Whilst males tended to not alter their response in relation to the angle of approach relative to the water, females tended to respond at longer distances, when approached from the shore than when approached from the land or parallel to the shore. This is one of the first reports of sex differences in FIDs for birds, with sex differences only manifesting themselves under certain approach types. Group size, the order of repeated approaches, and time of day did not influence responses, although starting distance of approach was positively related to FID.
Variations in Member States’ Preliminary References to the Court of Justice—Are Structural Factors (Part of) the Explanation?
Authors: Broberg Morten , Fenger Niels 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe preliminary reference procedure in Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which enables national courts to request the Court of Justice to provide a ruling on the interpretation or validity of an EU legal act, is widely considered to be the jewel in the crown of EU law. When considering the number of references from different Member States, it will become immediately apparent that there are considerable variations. This article examines to what extent these variations may be explained by three structural factors, namely (1) population size, (2) willingness to litigate and (3) Member State compliance with EU law. It is concluded that some—but not all—of the variations in number of references from Member State judiciaries may be attributed to structural factors rather than being merely a reflection of different Member State courts’ willingness to make use of Article 267 TFEU on such references (the so‐called behavioural factors).
miR‐155 is involved in tumor progression of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Moyal Lilach , Barzilai Aviv , Gorovitz Batia , Hirshberg Avi , Amariglio Ninette , Jacob‐Hirsch Jasmine , Maron Leah , Feinmesser Meora , Hodak Emmilia 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiopsy specimens from 23 early stage and 19 tumor‐stage mycosis fungoides (MF) patients were evaluated for miR‐155 expression by real‐time qualitative PCR and compared with 15 biopsy specimens from patients with T‐cell‐rich inflammatory skin diseases. Significant upregulation of miR‐155 was found in MF tumors compared with both early‐stage MF lesions and controls. There was no difference in miR‐155 expression between early‐stage and inflammatory dermatoses. Using laser capture microdissection, it was found that miR‐155 was significantly higher in the lymphoma cells in tumor stage compared with the intraepidermal lymphocytes in early stage. In contrast, there was no difference in miR‐155 expression between the intraepidermal lymphocytes and the dermal lymphocytes in early‐stage MF. These findings suggest that although miR‐155 expression cannot serve to discriminate early‐stage MF from inflammatory dermatoses; however, it is involved in the switch from the indolent early stage into the aggressive tumor stage of the disease.
Convergent responses of nitrogen and phosphorus resorption to nitrogen inputs in a semiarid grassland
Authors: Lü Xiao‐Tao , Reed Sasha , Yu Qiang , He Nian‐Peng , Wang Zheng‐Wen , Han Xing‐Guo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHuman activities have significantly altered nitrogen (N) availability in most terrestrial ecosystems, with consequences for community composition and ecosystem functioning. Although studies of how changes in N availability affect biodiversity and community composition are relatively common, much less remains known about the effects of N inputs on the coupled biogeochemical cycling of N and phosphorus (P), and still fewer data exist regarding how increased N inputs affect the internal cycling of these two elements in plants. Nutrient resorption is an important driver of plant nutrient economies and of the quality of litter plants produce. Accordingly, resorption patterns have marked ecological implications for plant population and community fitness, as well as for ecosystem nutrient cycling. In a semiarid grassland in northern China, we studied the effects of a wide range of N inputs on foliar nutrient resorption of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinensis and Stipa grandis. After 4 years of treatments, N and P availability in soil and N and P concentrations in green and senesced grass leaves increased with increasing rates of N addition. Foliar N and P resorption significantly decreased along the N addition gradient, implying a resorption‐mediated, positive plant–soil feedback induced by N inputs. Furthermore, N : P resorption ratios were negatively correlated with the rates of N addition, indicating the sensitivity of plant N and P stoichiometry to N inputs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that N additions accelerate ecosystem uptake and turnover of both N and P in the temperate steppe and that N and P cycles are coupled in dynamic ways. The convergence of N and P resorption in response to N inputs emphasizes the importance of nutrient resorption as a pathway by which plants and ecosystems adjust in the face of increasing N availability.
Genome‐wide analysis of histone H3 lysine9 trimethylation by ChIP‐seq in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of uremia patients
Authors: Sui Weiguo , He Huiyan , Yan Qiang , Chen Jiejing , Zhang Ruohan , Dai Yong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTreatment of uremia is now dominated by dialysis, in some cases, patients are treated with dialysis for decades, but overall outcomes are disappointing. A number of studies have confirmed the relevance of several experimental insights to the pathogenesis of uremia, but the specific biomarkers of uremia have not been fully elucidated. Studies of the epigenome have attracted little interest in nephrology, especially in uremia. However, to date, our knowledge about the alterations in histone methylation in uremia is unclear. H3K9me3 variations were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 uremia patients and 10 healthy subjects, using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq). There were 96 genes with significantly different expressions in the uremia patients compared with the normal controls. Forty‐two increased and 54 decreased H3K9me3 genes displaying significant differences were found in uremia patients compared with healthy subjects. Five positive genes, ras‐related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (RAC3), polycomb group ring finger 2 (PCGF2), myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3), noggin (NOG), serpin peptidase inhibitor 8 (SERPINB8), were selected and quantified. Our studies indicate that there are significant alterations of H3K9me3 in uremia patients; these significant H3K9me3 candidates may help to explain the immunological disturbance and high cardiovascular complications in uremia patients. Such novel findings show the significance of H3K9me3 as a potential biomarker or promising target for epigenetic‐based uremia therapies.
Differential expression analysis of Golgi apparatus proteomes in hepatocellular carcinomas and the surrounding liver tissues
Authors: Yang Yaying , Luo Yi , Li Xiujun , Yi Yongfen 
Published: April 2013

AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Liver is the largest human digestive gland with abundant Golgi apparatus involved in cell division, migration and apoptosis and others.MethodsIn the present study, Golgi apparatus of HCC and the surrounding liver tissues were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and identified by electron microscopy and enzymology methods. Using 2‐D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, 17 differentially expressed protein of Golgi apparatus in HCC and the surrounding liver tissue were screened and identified in the Mascot database.ResultsOf those differentially expressed proteins, six were upregulated and 11 were downregulated, some of them were related to the biological processes such as protein sorting, glycosylation, cell cycle regulation, transcription regulation and Golgi integrity. One protein, annexin A5, was verified to be upregulated in HCC by western blot.ConclusionThe differentially expressed proteins may provide new insight into HCC biology and potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
Patient information comes of age
Authors: Murphy Jeannette 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis virtual issue (VI) has been assembled to coincide with the 8th Annual Patient Information Conference 2013 organised by the UK Patient Information Forum (PiF). The conference theme ‘Information and support – a service in its own right’ is a response to policy documents and initiatives in both Scotland and England which signal the coming of age of patient/consumer information. The VI consists of a collection of open access articles and addresses the question ‘What can health science librarians do to ensure that the public are able to find, appraise and use health information?’ This material provides research evidence, and examples of the types of initiatives librarians have undertaken to make information a health and care service in its own right. Two recurrent messages are that health science librarians need to form partnerships with healthcare providers and they have a role to play in improving health literacy skills.
Local extinction processes rather than edge effects affect ground beetle assemblages from fragmented and urbanised old beech forests
Authors: Gaublomme Eva , Eggermont Hilde , Hendrickx Frederik 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLocal extinction of specialist species due to fragmentation is one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Increased extinction rates in smaller fragments are expected to result from both smaller local population sizes, which increase the effect of environmental or demographic stochasticity, and increased edge effects. The relative effect sizes of these two factors are still poorly investigated, however.We attempt to disentangle these effects on ground beetle communities of temperate broadleaved woodland fragments situated in one of the most urbanised regions in Belgium. Assemblages were sampled along transects that extended from 30 m outside to 100 m inside both small and large historical forest fragments.Although species assemblages within the forest were highly distinct compared to those sampled outside the forest, species turnover along these transects was less pronounced within forest fragments indicating only weak edge effects. The magnitude of edge effects did not differ significantly between large and small fragments. Nevertheless, larger differences in species composition were observed with respect to fragment size, wherein highly specialised species persisted only in the largest fragment.In summary, increased local extinction processes in smaller fragments, which led to a strong reduction in specialised and wingless forest species, appeared to be the most important factor that drives changes in species composition in this historical and fragmented woodland complex.
Role of NF‐κB in the pathogenesis of psoriasis elucidated by its staining in skin biopsy specimens
Authors: Moorchung Nikhil , Kulaar Janmeet S. , Chatterjee Manas , Vasudevan Biju , Tripathi Tanu , Dutta Vibha 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundNF‐κB is a transcription factor belonging to the Re1 family, and it regulates the activity of a large number of proinflammatory genes. Its role in psoriasis, which is a prototype chronic inflammatory disease, is therefore expected to be considerable. It has been found that many of the triggering factors for psoriasis initiate inflammation by activation of NF‐κB.MethodsSkin biopsies of 74 psoriatic cases were studied for the grade of NF‐κB staining. They were then correlated with the histopathological indices of severity, especially epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrate.ResultsEpidermal nuclear positivity for NF‐κB correlated with the grade of epidermal hyperplasia (P = 0.043). There was a significant correlation between grade of basal cell positivity of NF‐κB and inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.004). Lymphocyte staining showed a strong correlation with epidermal and basal cell staining pattern for NF‐κB (P = 0.004 and 0.003, respectively). There was, however, no correlation of lymphocyte staining with any histopathological parameter. There was also a peculiar propensity for NF‐κB to show a positive nuclear stain at the tips of dermal papillae.ConclusionsThe study has demonstrated that translocation of NF‐κB in the epidermis and basal cells is responsible for two of the key pathological features of psoriasis, epidermal hyperplasia, and inflammation. We have postulated that translocation of NF‐κB in lymphocytes, in psoriatic skin leads to NF‐κB translocation in the epidermis and basal cells. NF‐κB is therefore likely to be one of the key molecules in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.