bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subversión y mímesis en el mundo evangélico. Exploraciones sobre las minorías religiosas ascendentes en Argentina
Authors: Algranti Joaquín 
Published: September 2012

L'un des traits formels qui caractérise les groupes évangéliques en Argentine est la forme à travers laquelle ils entrent en relation avec le catholicisme, religion hégémonique dans ce pays. De fait, ils adoptent une attitude critique à l’encontre de ses privilèges institutionnels, tout en essayant d’occuper des espaces de distinction similaires. Cet article explore donc le rapport qui s’établit entre ces deux religions, en proposant une analyse centrée, d’une part, sur l'importance du » catholicisme intégral » dans l'histoire religieuse de l’Argentine et, d’autre part, sur le changement que génèrent les formes d'organisation collective des méga-églises évangéliques. Enfin, cette étude soulève la question de la viabilité de la laïcité dans l’actuelle société argentine.
Los clivajes Estado/Iglesia y centro/periferia en el México del siglo XXI. Reflexiones respecto a la actualidad y funcionalidad de la teoría de clivajes para el caso mexicano
Authors: Martínez Rubén Torres 
Published: September 2012

Durant le XXe siècle, le système de parti hégémonique au Mexique n’a pas permis d’entrevoir l’existence de clivages politiques et sociaux au sein de la société mexicaine. Les analystes et les chercheurs ne se sont jamais occupés d’employer la théorie des clivages pour un cas comme celui du Mexique. À partir de l’an 2000, on peut observer deux projets de nation historiquement opposés. Ces deux projets sont aujourd’hui représentés par deux partis politiques : le Parti Action Nationale et le Parti de la Révolution Démocratique. En suivant cette même logique, on peut constater l’existence de deux clivages : a) le clivage État-Église, et b) le clivage centre-périphérie, ou en direction du nationalisme mexicain. À partir de l’utilisation du concept de clivage en tant qu’outil d’analyse, il devient possible de valider des lignes de rupture et de confrontation existantes dans le Mexique contemporain.
Effects of acute organophosphate ingestion on cognitive function, assessed with the mini mental state examination
Authors: Jayasinghe SS 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Chronic damage to the central nervous system resulting in cognitive impairment has been shown with repeated, low doses of organophosphorus (OP) exposure over month or years.

Aim:
The study aimed to find out whether there is any cognitive impairment following acute OP exposure that could be detected by a simple screening instrument, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), in clinical settings.

Settings and Design:
A cohort study.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted with matched controls. Consecutive patients admitted to the hospital with acute ingestion of OP were recruited. Cognitive function was assessed with the MMSE, digit span test, test of long-term memory function and concentration. Patients were assessed twice: at 1 and 6 weeks of exposure.

Statistical Analysis:
Continuous variables were analyzed with the paired and unpaired T-tests. Non-normally distributed data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Discrete variables were analyzed with the Chi-square test.

Results:
There were 60 patients and 61 controls. The mean age (SD) of the patients and controls was 31.5 (11.6) and 31.3 (11.8) years, respectively. Forty-two patients turned up for the second assessment. Significant impairment of cognitive function was seen in the total score of MMSE (95% CI −2.5 to −0.3), orientation (95% CI −1 to −0.2) and language (95% CI −0.9 to −0.1) domains of MMSE, digit span test (95% CI 0.1-1.7) and test of long-term memory function (95% CI 0.3-2.3) in the first assessment compared with the controls. When the results of the second assessment were compared with the controls, no significant differences were seen.

Conclusion:
Although there was a slight transient cognitive impairment detected with the screening tests following acute OP ingestion, no long-term cognitive defects was detected.
Trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in referral hospitals in northern India
Authors: Maurya AK , Kant S , Nag VL , Kushwaha RAS , Dhole TN 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of major current challenges to global public health. The transmission of resistant strains is increasing as a burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in India.

Aim and Objectives:
The aim was to study trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of EPTB in referral hospitals in northern India.

Study Design and Setting:
A prospectively observational study and referral medical institutions in northern India.

Materials and Methods:
All EPTB specimens were processed for Ziehl Neelsen staining, BACTEC culture and BACTEC NAP test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. All M. tuberculosis complex isolates were performed for radiometric-based drug susceptibility pattern against streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol using the 1% proportion method.

Results:
We found that 165/756 (20.5%) isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis complex by the NAP test. We observed that 39.9% were resistant to first-line antitubercular drugs. The resistance rate was higher in previously treated patients: H (30.3%), R (16.3%), E (15.7%) and S (16.3%). MDR-TB was observed in 13.4%, but, in new cases, this was 11.4% and 19.1% of the previously treated patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion:
MDR-TB is gradually increased in EPTB cases and predominant resistance to previous treated cases of EPTB. The molecular drug sensitivity test (DST) method can be an early decision for chemotherapy in MDR-TB patients. The International Standards of TB Care need to be used by the RNTCP and professional medical associations as a tool to improve TB care in the country.
Does follistatin gene have any direct role in the manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome in Indian women?
Authors: Dasgupta S , Pisapati SVS , Kudugunti N , Kathragadda A , Godi S , Reddy MB 
Published: September 2012

Background:
Out of a panel of 37 candidate genes tested for linkage with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the strongest evidence of linkage was reported in the follistatin (FST) gene region. Subsequently, a couple of studies outside India investigated the FST gene for the presence of any mutations and its association with PCOS and the results were found to be largely inconsistent probably due to differences in the ethnic backgrounds and small sample sizes.

Aims:
To screen the FST gene for mutations and to establish their association pattern with PCOS among a large cohort of South Indian women.

Settings and Design:
Case-control study.

Materials and Methods:
PCOS cases were recruited according to the 2003 Rotterdam diagnostic criteria. All the exons of the FST gene were amplified and analyzed in all the cases and controls for the presence of mutations using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing.

Results:
A total of 549 women consisting of 250 PCOS cases and 299 controls were recruited for the study. No mutations were found in any of the exons of the FST gene in our Indian sample which is consistent with an earlier finding among the Asian women from Singapore. Although three of the four cohorts of Caucasian background studied earlier reported variants, none of them could establish a strong association with PCOS.

Conclusions:
The occurrence of the exonic variants of FST gene seems to be dependent on the ethnic background of the subjects under study and its role in the PCOS pathophysiology cannot be established with hitherto available evidence.
Mejores son huertos de cacao y achiote que minas de oro y plata: huertos especializados de los choles del Manche y de los k’ekchi’es
Authors: Barrera Laura Caso , Fernández Mario Aliphat 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEste artículo examina, desde una perspectiva etnohistórica, las relaciones económicas y sociales entre los choles del Manché, lacandones y acaláes, hablantes de choltí, de las tierras bajas mayas del sur, con los k’ekchi’es del Ah Xoy y la Verapaz, basadas en los agrosistemas de producción de la triada de cacao-achiote-vainilla, durante los siglos dieciséis y diecisiete. El intercambio de cacao y achiote por plumas de quetzal, algodón, copal, sal, así como hachas y machetes de origen europeo, constituyó un complejo sistema de intercambio entre choles, lacandones y k’ekchi’es. Se establecieron relaciones entre puntos de encuentro y puertos de entrada de gran importancia para entender los sistemas de comercio prehispánicos. Entre 1689 y 1695 las poblaciones choles y lacandonas fueron sometidas por los españoles y reubicadas fuera de sus territorios, lo que ocasionó su extinción. Con la desaparición de estos grupos se pensó que el conocimiento del cultivo asociado de cacao-achiote-vainilla se había perdido; sin embargo, este trabajo demuestra que los kekchi’es se convirtieron en receptores de esa sabiduría. Este artículo analiza el impresionante agrosistema cacao, achiote y vainilla de los antiguos choles y lacandones y su pervivencia hasta la actualidad en los huertos especializados de los k’ekchi’es del norte de Alta Verapaz.
Le Nouveau Management Public est-il pathogène ?
Authors: Abord de Chatillon Emmanuel , Desmarais Céline 
Published: September 2012

Le Nouveau Management Public (NMP) induit de profonds changements dans les services publics de nombreux pays depuis trente ans. S’il existe un ensemble de discours sur les conséquences humaines des changements organisationnels et managériaux qu’il entraîne, l’impact de ces changements sur la souffrance au travail n’a pas été mesuré empiriquement. Notre recherche se propose d’examiner l’impact de ces évolutions sur une forme spécifique de souffrance au travail : l’épuisement professionnel. Pour cela nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée dans une collectivité territoriale française mettant en relation la perception, par les agents, de changements liés au NMP et des indicateurs d’intensification et de souffrance au travail. L’analyse réalisée sur un échantillon de 1118 agents publics permet d’indiquer que le NMP a un impact sur l’épuisement professionnel par l’intermédiaire de ses effets sur la charge de travail perçue par les agents et sur le climat de violence psychologique.
Débat public et jeux sur les indicateurs. L’exemple du « taux d’élucidation » et du « nombre de gardes à vue »
Authors: Gibert Patrick , Benzerafa Alilat Manel 
Published: September 2012

Le « taux d’élucidation » des crimes et délits est un indicateur de mesure de la performance de la police. Sévèrement critiqué, il fait néanmoins partie du dispositif de management par objectifs de la sécurité intérieure en France. Le nombre de gardes à vue a nourri un débat public très vif dans les années 2009-2011. Les deux indicateurs sont liés par l’hypothèse selon laquelle la garde à vue serait un levier majeur du taux d’élucidation. La mise en exergue d’effets de structures, explique l’essentiel de l’amélioration de la performance, et contredit la rationalité de l’augmentation des mesures de contrainte.
La gestion des « déviances » des associations par les pouvoirs publics : une autonomie conditionnelle
Authors: Valéau Patrick , Annette Fréderic 
Published: September 2012

Souvent qualifiées de « parapubliques », les associations financées par les pouvoirs publics ne peuvent être réduites à de simples exécutants. Cet article présente une série de neuf exemples de « déviance » d’associations, puis examine les moyens dont disposent les représentants des pouvoirs publics pour les contrôler. Partant de là, nous recommandons une gestion qualifiée d’« autonomie conditionnelle » : une autonomie a priori très large, mais révocable lorsque les « déviances » observées dépassent le seuil jugé raisonnable. Nous discutons, ce faisant, de la question des coûts d’agence dans le cadre des partenariats asymétriques.
Chirality
Authors: Lakhtakia Akhlesh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChiral media have the ability to discriminate between left‐handed and right‐handed electromagnetic fields. These media can be classified into two types: (1) isotropic chiral media and (2) structurally chiral media. The molecules of a naturally occurring isotropic chiral medium are handed, while an artificial chiral medium can be made by randomly dispersing electrically small, handed inclusions (such as springs) in an isotropic achiral host medium. The molecules or inclusions in a structurally chiral medium, such as a chiral nematic liquid crystal, are randomly positioned but have helicoidal orientational order. Structurally chiral media can also be artificially fabricated either as stacks of uniaxial laminae or using thin‐film technology. Formulations for electromagnetic fields in both classes of chiral media are succinctly presented here.
Introduction
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The TNM system is the most widely used means for classifying the extent of cancer spread. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, Sixth Edition provides the new, internationally agreed‐upon standards to describe and categorize cancer stages and progression. Published in affiliation with the International Union Against Cancer (UICC), this guide contains important new and updated organ‐specific classifications that oncologists and other professionals who treat patients with cancer must use to adequately classify tumours for prognosis and treatment. This introduction provides a history of the TNM system, the principles of the classification of cancers and general rules of the TNM system applicable to all sites. Headings used in the TNM system to classify tumours for specific anatomical regions and sites are also provided with definitions.
Head and Neck Tumours
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
In TNM 7, there is a change in the T1 and T2 categories of nasopharynx, and a subdivision of T1 thyroid carcinoma, but the Head and Neck chapter remains largely unaltered. A new classification of upper aerodigestive malignant melanoma is introduced. These highly malignant tumours are classified in a manner similar to anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, i.e., omitting T1 and T2 and keeping only stages III and IV.
Pharynx
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Lung and Pleural Tumours
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The classification of lung carcinoma in TNM‐7 has had major changes. These were based on a retrospective study of over 80,000 cases carried out by a committee of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) working closely with the UICC and AJCC. The lung classification provides a single scheme applicable to all histological types of lung carcinoma and is also applicable for carcinoids. There are important changes in the T3, T4, and M categories as well as in stage grouping. For example, T3: separate nodule(s) in same lobe (was T4 in TNM 6) T4: separate tumour nodule(s) in a different ipsilateral lobe (was M1 in TNM 6) M1a: malignant pleural or pericardial effusion (was T4 in TNM 6)
Urethra
Authors: Sobin L. H. , Gospodarowicz M.K. , Wittekind Ch. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

The TNM system is used to describe and classify cancer stages and progression based on the assessment of three components:

T

The extent of the primary tumour

N

The absence or presence and extent of regional lymph node metastasis

M

The absence or presence of distant metastasis.

TNM classification for the above site is described under the following headings:

Rules for classification with the procedures for assessing T, N, and M categories; additional methods may be used when they enhance the accuracy of appraisal before treatment

Anatomical sites and subsites where appropriate

Definition of the regional lymph nodes

TNM Clinical classification

pTNM Pathological classification

G Histopathological grading

Stage grouping

Summary
Hemoglobin decline, function, and mortality in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study
Authors: Zakai Neil A. , French Benjamin , Arnold Alice M. , Newman Anne B. , Fried Linda F. , Robbins John , Chaves Paulo , Cushman Mary 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhile anemia is associated with poor functional and mortality outcomes in the elderly, the impact of hemoglobin decline is less studied. We evaluated the determinants and consequences of hemoglobin decline in 3,758 non‐anemic participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, a prospective cohort of community‐dwelling elderly ≥65 years old at baseline and followed for up to 16 years. Hemoglobin was measured at baseline and 3 years later and anemia defined by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. We modeled hemoglobin decline in two ways: (1) per each 1 g/dL decrease in hemoglobin and (2) development of anemia by the WHO criteria. Among participants without baseline anemia, hemoglobin decreased by 0.4 g/dL and 9% developed anemia over 3 years. Baseline increasing age, female sex, diabetes, and kidney disease predicted hemoglobin decline over 3 years. Baseline increasing age, being African‐American, and kidney disease predicted anemia development over 3 years. Hemoglobin decline was associated with subsequent worse cognitive function in men and anemia development with subsequent worse cognitive function in women. Both anemia development (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15, 1.69) and hemoglobin decline (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04, 1.18 per 1 g/dL decrease) predicted subsequent mortality in men and women. Hemoglobin decreases identified a large group of elderly individuals at risk for subsequent adverse outcomes who would not be identified using the WHO anemia criteria. These data may allow clinicians to identify at‐risk elderly individuals for early intervention to improve the quality and quantity of life. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromosome 2p gain in monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis and in early stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fabris Sonia , Mosca Laura , Cutrona Giovanna , Lionetti Marta , Agnelli Luca , Ciceri Gabriella , Barbieri Marzia , Maura Francesco , Matis Serena , Colombo Monica , Gentile Massimo , Recchia Anna Grazia , Anna Pesce Emanuela , Di Raimondo Francesco , Musolino Caterina , Gobbi Marco , Di Renzo Nicola , Mauro Francesca Romana , Brugiatelli Maura , Ilariucci Fiorella , Lipari Maria Grazia , Angrilli Francesco , Consoli Ugo , Fragasso Alberto , Molica Stefano , Festini Gianluca , Vincelli Iolanda , Cortelezzi Agostino , Federico Massimo , Morabito Fortunato , Ferrarini Manlio , Neri Antonino 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent studies have described chromosome 2p gain as a recurrent lesion in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We investigated the 2p gain and its relationship with common prognostic biomarkers in a prospective series of 69 clinical monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis (cMBL) and 218 early stage (Binet A) CLL patients. The 2p gain was detected by FISH in 17 patients (6%, 16 CLL, and 1 cMBL) and further characterized by single nucleotide polymorphism‐array. Overall, unfavorable cytogenetic deletions, i.e., del(11)(q23) and del(17)(p13) (P = 0.002), were significantly more frequent in 2p gain cases, as well as unmutated status of IGHV (P < 1 × 10−4) and CD38 (P < 1 × 10−4) and ZAP‐70 positive expression (P = 0.003). Furthermore, 2p gain patients had significantly higher utilization of stereotyped B‐cell receptors compared with 2p negative patients (P = 0.009), and the incidence of stereotyped subset #1 in 2p gain patients was significantly higher than that found in the remaining CLLs (P = 0.031). Transcriptional profiling analysis identified several genes significantly upregulated in 2p gain CLLs, most of which mapped to 2p. Among these, NCOA1 and ROCK2 are known for their involvement in tumor progression in several human cancers, whereas among those located in different chromosomes, CAV1 at 7q31.1 has been recently identified to play a critical role in CLL progression. Thus, 2p gain can be present since the early stages of the disease, particularly in those cases characterized by other poor prognosis markers. The finding of genes upregulated in the cells with 2p gain provides new insights to define the pathogenic role of this lesion. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas/Festkörper‐Reaktionen aliphatischer Amine mit Thiohydantoinen: Kraftmikroskopie und neue Mechanismen
Authors: Kaupp Gerd , Schmeyers Jens 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAutoren, die eine „Zuschrift”︁ veröffentlichen wollen, sollten vor der Abfassung ihres Manuskripts unbedingt die „Hinweise für Autoren”︁ lesen, die jeweils im Januarheft eines Jahrgangs nach dem Inhaltsverzeichnis gedruckt sind; auf Anforderung können sie auch von der Redaktion erhalten werden.
Comparative assessment of scoring methods to evaluate the conservation value of pond and small lake biodiversity
Authors: Rosset V. , Simaika J. P. , Arthaud F. , Bornette G. , Vallod D. , Samways M. J. , Oertli B. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Fresh waters are among the most endangered ecosystems in the world. Practical tools to measure their biodiversity value are needed for their effective conservation. Besides species richness, other aspects of biodiversity, including the threat level of species also need to be considered. Currently, existing scoring methods for assessing the conservation value of freshwater fauna and flora assemblages are varied, and guidelines to select an appropriate method are lacking.
In this paper, it is hypothesized that scores to assess the conservation value of assemblages can vary markedly according to the type of method used. To test this, four types of scoring methods were applied differing in the weight given to Red List categories and in the expression of the score, i.e. either using mean per species or the assemblage as a whole, on sets of dragonfly and macrophyte data collected from varied types of small lakes and ponds in three different countries (France, Switzerland and South Africa).
The comparison of the different types of methods showed that the type of method used had a marked impact on the assessment of the conservation value of a water body: the expression per species or per assemblage as the weight given to Red List categories changed the value of a given water body.
Overall, results also confirmed that the different types of methods could be applicable in different geographical areas and types of standing water bodies, independently of the original area where the method was developed.
Results illustrated that, besides the species richness assessment commonly used, calculating conservation value as a mean per species is useful because it provides additional information. Overall, using methods expressed as a mean per species and coupling the Red List with other criteria gave the best performance.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.