bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric ice-sheet retreat pattern around northern Scotland revealed by marine geophysical surveys
Authors: Bradwell Tom , Stoker Martyn 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThis study uses marine geophysical data, principally single-beam and high-resolution multibeam echo sounder bathymetry, combined with seismic sub-bottom profiles, and existing Quaternary geological information, to map the glacial geomorphology of a large area of seafloor (∼50,000 km2) on the continental shelf around northern Scotland, from west of Lewis to north of the Orkney Islands. Our new mapping reveals the detailed pattern of submarine glacial landforms, predominantly moraines, relating to ice sheets that covered Scotland and much of the continental shelf during the Late Weichselian glaciation and earlier in the Mid to Late Pleistocene. The reconstructed retreat pattern based on geomorphological evidence highlights the large number of different retreat stages and the asymmetric, non-uniform evolution of this ice sheet sector during Late Weichselian deglaciation. Time-equivalent ice-front reconstructions show that marine sectors of the ice sheet, such as the Minch, changed their geometry significantly, perhaps rapidly; whilst other sectors remained relatively unchanged and stable. We suggest that this behaviour, governed principally by bed topography/bathymetry and ice dynamics, led to reorganisation of the Late Weichselian ice sheet as it retreated back to two main ice centres: one in Western Scotland and the other over Orkney and Shetland. This retreat pattern suggests relatively early deglaciation of NW Lewis (ca. 25 ka BP) and the mountains of far NW Scotland – the latter possibly forming a substantial ice-free land corridor. Our reconstructions differ from most previous syntheses, but are strongly supported by the independently-mapped offshore Quaternary succession and key onshore dating constraints.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: High-rate aluminium yolk-shell nanoparticle anode for Li-ion battery with long cycle life and ultrahigh capacity
Authors: Li Sa , Niu Junjie , Zhao Yu Cheng , So Kang Pyo , Wang Chao , Wang Chang An , Li Ju 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAlloy-type anodes such as silicon and tin are gaining popularity in rechargeable Li-ion batteries, but their rate/cycling capabilities should be improved. Here by making yolk-shell nanocomposite of aluminium core (30 nm in diameter) and TiO2 shell (∼3 nm in thickness), with a tunable interspace, we achieve 10 C charge/discharge rate with reversible capacity exceeding 650 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles, with a 3 mg cm−2 loading. At 1 C, the capacity is approximately 1,200 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. Our one-pot synthesis route is simple and industrially scalable. This result may reverse the lagging status of aluminium among high-theoretical-capacity anodes.
Critical role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 in the disruption of cerebrovascular integrity in experimental stroke
Authors: Kim Gab Seok , Yang Li , Zhang Guoqi , Zhao Honggang , Selim Magdy , McCullough Louise D. , Kluk Michael J. , Sanchez Teresa 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe use and effectiveness of current stroke reperfusion therapies are limited by the complications of reperfusion injury, which include increased cerebrovascular permeability and haemorrhagic transformation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a potent modulator of vascular integrity via its receptors (S1PR). By using genetic approaches and a S1PR2 antagonist (JTE013), here we show that S1PR2 plays a critical role in the induction of cerebrovascular permeability, development of intracerebral haemorrhage and neurovascular injury in experimental stroke. In addition, inhibition of S1PR2 results in decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity in vivo and lower gelatinase activity in cerebral microvessels. S1PR2 immunopositivity is detected only in the ischemic microvessels of wild-type mice and in the cerebrovascular endothelium of human brain autopsy samples. In vitro, S1PR2 potently regulates the responses of the brain endothelium to ischaemic and inflammatory injury. Therapeutic targeting of this novel pathway could have important translational relevance to stroke patients.
Selective enhancement of insulin sensitivity in the mature adipocyte is sufficient for systemic metabolic improvements
Authors: Morley Thomas S. , Xia Jonathan Y. , Scherer Philipp E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDysfunctional adipose tissue represents a hallmark of type 2 diabetes and systemic insulin resistance, characterized by fibrotic deposition of collagens and increased immune cell infiltration within the depots. Here we generate an inducible model of loss of function of the protein phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), a phosphatase critically involved in turning off the insulin signal transduction cascade, to assess the role of enhanced insulin signalling specifically in mature adipocytes. These mice gain more weight on chow diet and short-term as well as long-term high-fat diet exposure. Despite the increase in weight, they retain enhanced insulin sensitivity, show improvements in oral glucose tolerance tests, display reduced adipose tissue inflammation and maintain elevated adiponectin levels. These improvements also lead to reduced hepatic steatosis and enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity. Prolonging insulin action selectively in the mature adipocyte is therefore sufficient to maintain normal systemic metabolic homeostasis.
Assessing the contribution of interferon antagonism to the virulence of West African Ebola viruses
Authors: Dunham Eric C. , Banadyga Logan , Groseth Allison , Chiramel Abhilash I. , Best Sonja M. , Ebihara Hideki , Feldmann Heinz , Hoenen Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe current Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa is unprecedented in terms of both its size and duration, and there has been speculation and concern regarding the potential for EBOV to increase in virulence as a result of its prolonged circulation in humans. Here we investigate the relative potency of the interferon (IFN) inhibitors encoded by EBOVs from West Africa, since an important EBOV virulence factor is inhibition of the antiviral IFN response. Based on this work we show that, in terms of IFN antagonism, the West African viruses display no discernible differences from the prototype Mayinga isolate, which corroborates epidemiological data suggesting these viruses show no increased virulence compared with those from previous outbreaks. This finding has important implications for public health decisions, since it does not provide experimental support for theoretical claims that EBOV might gain increased virulence due to the extensive human-to-human transmission in the on-going outbreak.
The effect of SUV discretization in quantitative FDG-PET Radiomics: the need for standardized methodology in tumor texture analysis
Authors: Leijenaar Ralph T.H. , Nalbantov Georgi , Carvalho Sara , van Elmpt Wouter J.C. , Troost Esther G.C. , Boellaard Ronald , Aerts Hugo J.W.L , Gillies Robert J. , Lambin Philippe 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFDG-PET-derived textural features describing intra-tumor heterogeneity are increasingly investigated as imaging biomarkers. As part of the process of quantifying heterogeneity, image intensities (SUVs) are typically resampled into a reduced number of discrete bins. We focused on the implications of the manner in which this discretization is implemented. Two methods were evaluated: (1) RD, dividing the SUV range into D equally spaced bins, where the intensity resolution (i.e. bin size) varies per image; and (2) RB, maintaining a constant intensity resolution B. Clinical feasibility was assessed on 35 lung cancer patients, imaged before and in the second week of radiotherapy. Forty-four textural features were determined for different D and B for both imaging time points. Feature values depended on the intensity resolution and out of both assessed methods, RB was shown to allow for a meaningful inter- and intra-patient comparison of feature values. Overall, patients ranked differently according to feature values–which was used as a surrogate for textural feature interpretation–between both discretization methods. Our study shows that the manner of SUV discretization has a crucial effect on the resulting textural features and the interpretation thereof, emphasizing the importance of standardized methodology in tumor texture analysis.
Barnidipine or Lercanidipine on Echocardiographic Parameters in Hypertensive, Type 2 Diabetics with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Mugellini Amedeo , Querci Fabrizio , Franzetti Ivano , Maria Pesce Rosa , D’Angelo Angela , Maffioli Pamela 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lercanidipine or barnidipine on echocardiographic parameters, in hypertensive, type 2 diabetics with left ventricular hypertrophy. One hundred and forty-four patients were randomized to lercanidipine, 20 mg/day, or barnidipine, 20 mg/day, in addition to losartan, 100 mg/day, for 6 months. We evaluated: blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), sodium, potassium and acid uric. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 6 months. Both lercanidipine and barnidipine decreased blood pressure. Left ventricular mass index was reduced to a greater extent with barnidipine + losartan. Interventricular septal thickness in diastole was reduced by barnidipine + losartan. Posterior wall thickness in diastole was decreased by both treatments, even if barnidipine + losartan were more effective. Ratio of peak early diastolic filling velocity to peak filling velocity at atrial contraction was increased by barnidipine + losartan, but not by lercanidipine + losartan. Finally, isovolumetric relaxation and time and left atrial volume index were reduced by barnidipine + losartan, while lercanidipine + losartan did not affect them. In conclusion, barnidipine + losartan provided a greater improvement of echocardiographic parameters compared to lercanidipine + losartan.
Regulation of PLCβ2 by the electrostatic and mechanical properties of lipid bilayers
Authors: Arduin Alessia , Gaffney Piers R. J. , Ces Oscar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPhosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) is an important family of enzymes constituting a junction between phosphoinositide lipid signaling and the trans-membrane signal transduction processes that are crucial to many living cells. However, the regulatory mechanism of PLC is not yet understood in detail. To address this issue, activity studies were carried out using lipid vesicles in a model system that was specifically designed to study protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions in concert. Evidence was found for a direct interaction between PLC and the GTPases that mediate phospholipase activation. Furthermore, for the first time, the relationships between PLC activity and substrate presentation in lipid vesicles of various sizes, as well as lipid composition and membrane mechanical properties, were analyzed. PLC activity was found to depend upon the electrostatic potential and the stored curvature elastic stress of the lipid membranes.
Photosensitized production of functionalized and unsaturated organic compounds at the air-sea interface
Authors: Ciuraru Raluca , Fine Ludovic , van Pinxteren Manuela , D’Anna Barbara , Herrmann Hartmut , George Christian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe sea-surface microlayer (SML) has different physical, chemical and biological properties compared to the subsurface water, with an enrichment of organic matter i.e., dissolved organic matter including UV absorbing humic substances, fatty acids and many others. Here we present experimental evidence that dissolved organic matter, such as humic acids, when exposed to sunlight, can photosensitize the chemical conversion of linear saturated fatty acids at the air-water interface into unsaturated functionalized gas phase products (i.e. saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and acids, alkenes and dienes,…) which are known precursors of secondary organic aerosols. These functionalized molecules have previously been thought to be of biological origin, but here we demonstrate that abiotic interfacial photochemistry has the potential to produce such molecules. As the ocean is widely covered by the SML, this new understanding will impact on our ability to describe atmospheric chemistry in the marine environment.
Field-effect control of superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling in top-gated LaAlO3/SrTiO3 devices
Authors: Hurand S. , Jouan A. , Feuillet-Palma C. , Singh G. , Biscaras J. , Lesne E. , Reyren N. , Barthélémy A. , Bibes M. , Villegas J. E. , Ulysse C. , Lafosse X. , Pannetier-Lecoeur M. , Caprara S. , Grilli M. , Lesueur J. , Bergeal N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe recent development in the fabrication of artificial oxide heterostructures opens new avenues in the field of quantum materials by enabling the manipulation of the charge, spin and orbital degrees of freedom. In this context, the discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2-DEGs) at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces, which exhibit both superconductivity and strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC), represents a major breakthrough. Here, we report on the realisation of a field-effect LaAlO3/SrTiO3 device, whose physical properties, including superconductivity and SOC, can be tuned over a wide range by a top-gate voltage. We derive a phase diagram, which emphasises a field-effect-induced superconductor-to-insulator quantum phase transition. Magneto-transport measurements show that the Rashba coupling constant increases linearly with the interfacial electric field. Our results pave the way for the realisation of mesoscopic devices, where these two properties can be manipulated on a local scale by means of top-gates.
Auxiliary KCNE subunits modulate both homotetrameric Kv2.1 and heterotetrameric Kv2.1/Kv6.4 channels
Authors: David Jens-Peter , Stas Jeroen I. , Schmitt Nicole , Bocksteins Elke 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe diversity of the voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel subfamily Kv2 is increased by interactions with auxiliary β-subunits and by assembly with members of the modulatory so-called silent Kv subfamilies (Kv5-Kv6 and Kv8-Kv9). However, it has not yet been investigated whether these two types of modulating subunits can associate within and modify a single channel complex simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate that the transmembrane β-subunit KCNE5 modifies the Kv2.1/Kv6.4 current extensively, whereas KCNE2 and KCNE4 only exert minor effects. Co-expression of KCNE5 with Kv2.1 and Kv6.4 did not alter the Kv2.1/Kv6.4 current density but modulated the biophysical properties significantly; KCNE5 accelerated the activation, slowed the deactivation and steepened the slope of the voltage-dependence of the Kv2.1/Kv6.4 inactivation by accelerating recovery of the closed-state inactivation. In contrast, KCNE5 reduced the current density ~2-fold without affecting the biophysical properties of Kv2.1 homotetramers. Co-localization of Kv2.1, Kv6.4 and KCNE5 was demonstrated with immunocytochemistry and formation of Kv2.1/Kv6.4/KCNE5 and Kv2.1/KCNE5 complexes was confirmed by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer experiments performed in HEK293 cells. These results suggest that a triple complex consisting of Kv2.1, Kv6.4 and KCNE5 subunits can be formed. In vivo, formation of such tripartite Kv2.1/Kv6.4/KCNE5 channel complexes might contribute to tissue-specific fine-tuning of excitability.
Morphological and community changes of turf algae in competition with corals
Authors: Cetz-Navarro Neidy P. , Quan-Young Lizette I. , Espinoza-Avalos Julio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe morphological plasticity and community responses of algae competing with corals have not been assessed. We evaluated eight morphological characters of four species of stoloniferous clonal filamentous turf algae (FTA), including Lophosiphonia cristata (Lc) and Polysiphonia scopulorum var. villum (Psv) and the composition and number of turf algae (TA) in competition for space with the coral Orbicella spp. under experimental and non-manipulated conditions. All FTA exhibited morphological responses, such as increasing the formation of new ramets (except for Psv when competing with O. faveolata). Opposite responses in the space between erect axes were found when Psv competed with O. faveolata and when Lc competed with O. annularis. The characters modified by each FTA species and the number and composition of TA species growing next to coral tissue differed from that of the TA growing at ≥3 cm. The specific and community responses indicate that some species of TA can actively colonise coral tissue and that fundamental competitive interactions between the two types of organisms occur within the first millimetres of the coral−algal boundary. These findings suggest that the morphological plasticity, high number and functional redundancy of stoloniferous TA species favour their colonisation of coral tissue and resistance against coral invasion.
Perioperative chemotherapy more of a benefit for overall survival than adjuvant chemotherapy for operable gastric cancer: an updated Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Ya’nan , Yin Xue , Sheng Lei , Xu Shan , Dong Lingling , Liu Lian 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo clarify the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) on the survival outcomes of operable gastric cancers, we searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library for randomized clinical trials published until June 2014 that compared NAC-containing strategies with NAC-free strategies in patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach or the esophagogastric junction, who had undergone potentially curative resection. The adjusted pooled hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival (OS) was insignificant when comparing the NAC-containing arm with the NAC-free arm. Subgroup analysis showed that the OS of the treatment arm that involved both adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) and NAC was significantly improved over the control arm (AC only) (HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.35–0.67; P < 0.001). While NAC alone plus surgery did not show any survival benefit over surgery alone. Perioperative chemotherapy (PC) also showed a significant increase in PFS and a significant reduction in distant metastasis compared to surgery alone. Therefore, in patients with resectable gastric cancer, NAC alone is not enough and AC alone is not good enough to definitely improve their OS. Collectively, PC combined with surgery could maximize the survival benefit for patients with resectable gastric cancer.
Neural signatures of response planning occur midway through an incoming question in conversation
Authors: Bögels Sara , Magyari Lilla , Levinson Stephen C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA striking puzzle about language use in everyday conversation is that turn-taking latencies are usually very short, whereas planning language production takes much longer. This implies overlap between language comprehension and production processes, but the nature and extent of such overlap has never been studied directly. Combining an interactive quiz paradigm with EEG measurements in an innovative way, we show that production planning processes start as soon as possible, that is, within half a second after the answer to a question can be retrieved (up to several seconds before the end of the question). Localization of ERP data shows early activation even of brain areas related to late stages of production planning (e.g., syllabification). Finally, oscillation results suggest an attention switch from comprehension to production around the same time frame. This perspective from interactive language use throws new light on the performance characteristics that language competence involves.
Semi‐analytic design method for dual‐band power amplifiers
Authors: Dai Zhijiang , He Songbai , Pang Jingzhou , Huang Chaoyi 
Published: August 2015

A semi‐analytic method is presented for dual‐band power amplifier design. A commensurate transmission line is applied to reduce the number of independent variables in a given topology so that the optimisation algorithm would be more robust to handle it. At the same time, it could be described as a rational function. To pursue a good performance at the two bands, continuous mode is also considered for controlling the harmonics. The impedance of the lower band is controlled up to the third harmonic, while that of the upper band is up to the second harmonic. The efficiency of the dual band is, respectively, 69.4 and 70.7%, and the corresponding output power is 41.7 and 41.5 dBm at 2.4 and 3.45 GHz, respectively.
Wearable fabric antenna on upper arm for MedRadio band applications with reconfigurable beam capability
Authors: Kang Seonghun , Jung Chang Won 
Published: August 2015

A wearable fabric antenna on the upper arm is presented for on‐body applications in the MedRadio band. The antenna was manufactured on a fabric substrate and operated at the Medical Device Radio Communications Service band (MedRadio band: 401–406 MHz). The antenna was designed to steer the beam directions. The use of two artificial switches enables a beam‐steering capability. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 50 × 20.5 × 0.66 mm3 (676.5 mm3), and it utilises a fabric substrate (εr = 1.92, tan δ = 0.023). A one‐layer skin model (εr = 46.74, σ = 0.69 S/m) is adopted for antenna simulation and measurement.
Correcting systematic bias and instrument measurement drift with mzRefinery
Authors: Gibbons Bryson C. , Chambers Matthew C. , Monroe Matthew E. , Tabb David L. , Payne Samuel H. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Systematic bias in mass measurement adversely affects data quality and negates the advantages of high precision instruments.
Results: We introduce the mzRefinery tool for calibration of mass spectrometry data files. Using confident peptide spectrum matches, three different calibration methods are explored and the optimal transform function is chosen. After calibration, systematic bias is removed and the mass measurement errors are centered at 0 ppm. Because it is part of the ProteoWizard package, mzRefinery can read and write a wide variety of file formats.
Availability and implementation: The mzRefinery tool is part of msConvert, available with the ProteoWizard open source package at http://proteowizard.sourceforge.net/
Contact: samuel.payne@pnnl.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
NAM: association studies in multiple populations
Authors: Xavier Alencar , Xu Shizhong , Muir William M. , Rainey Katy Martin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Mixed linear models provide important techniques for performing genome-wide association studies. However, current models have pitfalls associated with their strong assumptions. Here, we propose a new implementation designed to overcome some of these pitfalls using an empirical Bayes algorithm.
Results: Here we introduce NAM, an R package that allows user to take into account prior information regarding population stratification to relax the linkage phase assumption of current methods. It allows markers to be treated as a random effect to increase the resolution, and uses a sliding-window strategy to increase power and avoid double fitting markers into the model.
Availability and implementation: NAM is an R package available in the CRAN repository. It can be installed in R by typing install.packages (‘NAM’).
Contact: krainey@purdue.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary date are available at Bioinformatics online.