bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porcelain Veneers as an Alternative for Esthetic Treatment: Clinical Report
Authors: Rotoli BT , Lima DANL , Pini NP , Aguiar FHB , Pereira GDS , Paulillo LAMS 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARY
This case report describes the restoration of the anterior dentition with porcelain laminate veneers. The advances in bonding of porcelain to tooth structure make this treatment a feasible alternative to restore teeth with alteration in shape and position in cases in which the esthetic demand is high. The rationale for various choices in this treatment protocol is detailed with reference to the pertinent literature. Thus, the clinical success of the technique depends on the correct identification of a case for which this treatment is appropriate and the successful execution of the clinical steps involved.
Longevity of Direct Restorations in Stress-Bearing Posterior Cavities: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rho Y-J , Namgung C , Jin B-H , Lim B-S , Cho B-H 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYThe aims of this retrospective clinical study were to compare the longevities of direct posterior amalgam restorations (AMs) and resin composite restorations (RCs) that were subjected to occlusal stresses and to investigate variables predictive of their outcome. A total of 269 AMs and RCs filled in Class I and II cavities of posterior teeth were evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival estimator and multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Seventy-one retreated restorations were reviewed from dental records. The other 198 restorations still in use were evaluated according to modified US Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria by two investigators. The longevity of RCs was significantly lower than that of AMs (AM = 8.7 years and RC = 5.0 years, p&lt;0.05), especially in molars. The prognostic variables, such as age, restorative material, tooth type, operator group, diagnosis, cavity classification, and gender, affected the longevity of the restorations (multivariate Cox regression analysis, p&lt;0.05). However, among the restorations working in oral cavities, their clinical performance evaluated with modified USPHS criteria showed no statistical difference between both restoratives. In contrast to the short longevity of RCs relative to AMs, the clinical performance of RCs working in oral cavities was observed to be not different from that of AMs. This suggests that once a RC starts to fail, it happens in a rapid progression. As posterior esthetic restorations, RCs must be observed carefully with periodic follow-ups for early detection and timely repair of failures.
Willingness to pay for rice traits in Kurunegala and Hambantota districts: an application of a spatial hedonic pricing model
Authors: Mendis Sachintha , Edirisinghe Jagath C 
Published: April 2013

The common understanding by the research community is that farmers like to adopt high-yielding varieties. While this is true in general, we often see that some high-yielding varieties are not accepted by farmers. The reasons for such can be many. In this study, an attempt is made to verify whether there are any other traits that farmers seek in a paddy variety. We select several traits including those related to yield and production aspects as well as ultimate consumer preferences, and assess their relative importance by way of willingness to pay. This is achieved by estimating a Hedonic Pricing model. We further hypothesise that there are spatial relations in the willingness to pay for such traits and incorporate that into the analysis which resulted in a Spatial Hedonic Pricing Model. Data for the study was collected by using a pre-tested questionnaire from 148 farmers in Kurunegala and Hambantota districts. The estimated function confirms that there is a spatial relationship in paddy prices by a significant spatial correlation coefficient in the order of 0.35. Therefore, the estimated marginal willingness to pay values is corrected for the spatial correlation. These estimates provide us insights on characteristics other than yield such as empty seed percentage of seed paddy, disease resistance, and demand conditions of the ultimate consumer(types of rice), that farmers consider in choosing paddy varieties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v8i1.5376 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, vol.8, no1 p.1-7
The Corpse as Text:
Authors: Cervone Thea 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT
When history and legend unite they produce a unique form of creative energy. In the case of the deaths of Charles I and Oliver Cromwell, that energy revolves around literary and folkloric efforts to establish a posthumous relationship between them. The two men “speak” to and about each other from beyond the grave in poems, treatises, epitaphs, and via ghost legend. This “dialogue” continues by way of each man's burial place and tomb monuments, sites that are used by the living to “locate” each man and establish his place in English memory. This posthumous relationship is imagined largely during the seventeenth century, but it persists into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Music Teacher Perceptions of Issues and Problems in Urban Elementary Schools
Authors: Doyle Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of music teachers in urban elementary schools. Title I public elementary schools (N = 221) in two counties in the Southeastern United States were surveyed for demographic information, and 71 of the music teachers from those schools participated in the survey designed for this study. The Doyle (2009) survey reported an overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.91. The survey was intended to accumulate data representing urban music education in respect to the independent variables of student demographics, teacher demographics, student/teacher demographic differences, teacher preparation, and teacher support; the dependent variables examined were teacher attitudes about urban elementary music teaching and teacher expectations of their urban elementary music students. Results indicated that most of the teachers mismatched demographically with their students. Teacher/student socioeconomic matches were correlated with Attitudes; teacher/student ethnicity and socioeconomic status matches were correlated with Expectations. Professional support was positively correlated with preparation. Support was negatively correlated with the socioeconomic variables, and positively correlated with both attitudes and expectations.
Geste graphique et technicité
Authors: Hameau Philippe 
Published: April 2013

L’une des particularités du motif peint sur une paroi est qu’il garde la mémoire du geste qui l’a produit. Toutefois, il n’est possible de restituer valablement ce geste qu’en contextualisant le motif, c’est-à-dire en invoquant les paramètres culturels (des circonstances de sa production à son choix) et physiques (les matériaux dont il est fait et sa morphologie) qui ont accompagné sa réalisation. On l’étudie donc dans le cadre d’une anthropologie des gestes associés aux expressions picturales du Néolithique, sachant qu’avec le recul du temps, il nous faudra préalablement présenter des paramètres tels que les contraintes culturelles qui président à l’emplacement des figures et les pratiques rituelles à l’origine de l’expression graphique, sans oublier la topographie des parois et des sites. En effet, le scripteur perçoit, s’adapte et agit en fonction de cet environnement spatial et social. Quelques stratégies culturelles sont évoquées ici : l’attention portée à la microtopographie de la paroi selon les signes à tracer, le respect de certains des critères qui déterminent le choix du site comme l’humidité des lieux et la teinte orangée des parois, la volonté de peindre aux limites de l’accessibilité du site et de la paroi, l’usage d’outils-traceurs augmentant les capacités du corps. L’efficacité du geste consiste alors dans la réalisation d’un motif porteur de sens parce qu’il est en adéquation avec la perception culturellement orientée des caractéristiques de son support. De cette analyse structurée sur un terrain ancien, on tire des éléments de réflexion anthropologique pour d’autres pratiques graphiques, notamment contemporaines et urbaines (tags, street art, etc.)
Suivre les actions de l'autre
Authors: Voilmy Dimitri 
Published: April 2013

Les salles de classe se caractérisent par des pratiques organisationnelles établies et sont des environnements riches en technologies matérielles. Un outil tel que le tableau soutient l’activité en classe, et est l’objet vers lequel les participants à l’événement que constitue la classe coordonnent leur attention mutuelle. L’organisation locale de l’interaction en classe est accomplie à la fois par le parler et par les regards, les gestes, la posture corporelle. De quelle manière la conduite incarnée est-elle rendue observable pour la gestion endogène (émique) de l’activité ? Comment le fait de pouvoir suivre et comprendre les gestes des autres permet-elle la co-orientation vers un même moment interactionnel ? Cet article examine un moment de transition entre deux activités avec le tableau interactif pendant lequel l’institutrice manipule l’outil et interroge les élèves concernant la consigne et l’utilisation du tableau pour l’activité future. Cette situation concrète d’enseignement a été enregistrée selon la perspective de l’analyse vidéo de l’ordre local en classe, dont l’exigence de base est de préserver les ressources exploitées et mobilisées par les participants à l’interaction. Nous nous intéressons à la manière dont les élèves suivent les différentes actions de l’institutrice, lèvent la main pour se présélectionner, commencent à répondre pour attirer l’attention, et pointent vers le tableau de manière publiquement intelligible. Nous interrogeons la manière dont, à travers leur conduite incarnée (verbale et gestuelle), les enfants montrent leurs orientations vers, et leur capacité à gérer, l’observabilité de leur conduite en classe.
Le chant comme geste vocal
Authors: Gervasi Flavia 
Published: April 2013

Dans cet article nous cherchons à dégager les critères opératoires qui régissent un répertoire de chants de travail du sud de l’Italie en reportant notre regard analytique sur la perception physique – et pas seulement acoustique et « proprement musicale » – qu’en ont les tenants de la tradition. Afin de mener à bien notre étude, ce qui nous intéresse est ainsi la compréhension du mode d’être du sujet dans son environnement, en cherchant à découvrir comment l’interaction d’un corps avec son espace physique et social peut être porteur d’un sens, du point de vue de la construction et de la mise en oeuvre d’une pratique vocale. L’étude des références expressives et conceptuelles, ainsi que des patterns de comportements corporels, devrait nous permettre de comprendre le principe constructeur à la base de la performance des arie dites « deltrainieri », chantées par les paysans d’un village au sud de l’Italie appelé Martano.
Composite Right‐/Left‐Handed Transmission Line Metamaterials
Authors: Durán‐Sindreu Miguel , Naqui Jordi , Selga Jordi , Vélez Paris , Bonache Jordi , Martín Ferran 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article is focused on transmission line metamaterials, that is, metamaterials implemented by loading a host transmission line with reactive elements (capacitors, inductors, and/or resonators). It is mainly devoted to transmission line metamaterials exhibiting a composite right‐/left‐handed (CRLH) behavior, that is, supporting left‐handed (or backward) wave propagation in certain frequency bands and right‐handed (or forward) wave propagation in other frequency intervals. The analysis of these transmission lines (on the basis of the equivalent circuit models) and their main relevant applications are reviewed in this article.
Solution‐Diffusion Processes
Authors: Verliefde Arne R. D. , Van der Meeren Paul , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe solution‐diffusion model has been widely used to describe solute and solvent transport through high pressure membranes. The main proposition of the theory is that the driving force is a gradient in (electro)chemical potential. This makes the theory applicable to all dense membrane processes because common membrane driving forces such as gradients in temperature, electromotive forces, concentration, and pressure can in fact be translated to (electro)chemical potential gradients. This review describes the origin of the solution‐diffusion model and the premises on which it was built. The theory is derived in more detail for reverse osmosis and the strong and weak points are highlighted. Possible adaptations such as convection–diffusion models and extended Nernst–Planck approaches are elaborated on.
Fouling in Membrane Bioreactors
Authors: Kola Anusha , Ye Yun , Chen Vicki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMembrane bioreactors (MBRs) have become increasingly popular in water and wastewater treatment as an alternative to the conventional activated sludge process. However, membrane fouling is still a key issue in the MBR system that significantly influences the system operation and maintenance cost. In this paper, key factors influencing membrane fouling are reviewed and discussed. The fundamental fouling mechanisms of the MBR system are explored via analyzing different fractions of the MBR feed solution and their corresponding fouling propensities. With the aid of fouling layer fractionation and advanced characterization techniques, the preferential deposition of different foulants is clearly highlighted. Furthermore, different operation conditions and parameters for fouling limitation and removal are reviewed and compared.
Micro‐Engineered Membranes
Authors: van Rijn Cees J. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicroengineering refers to the technology and practice of making three‐dimensional structures and devices, with dimensions at the order of micrometers in particular monocrystalline silicon substrates. An overview of techniques is presented. Next, membranes are designed and made, with a number of relevant microengineering techniques, for the formation of micro‐ and nanopores in a thin, but strong membrane structure. Finally, a number of applications are being discussed.
Nanofiltration
Authors: Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanofiltration (NF) is, formally, the pressure‐driven membrane process that fills the gap between reverse osmosis (RO) and ultrafiltration (UF). Because the name of the process was introduced and accepted rather late (in the 1980s), the process boundaries are not well defined, so that NF has features of both neighboring processes, combined with the process' own specificities. This transitional profile makes NF to an exceptionally interesting technology, particularly because it operates in the range of applications for removal of small organic solutes in the range of 200–2000 g/mol, and (partial) removal of inorganic ions, with the additional potential of separating mono‐ and multivalent ions. The combination of the dual nature of NF as a process intermediate to RO and UF and its specific challenges and opportunities are shown in this article. Membrane materials and synthesis methods are described in brief and to the extent that they differ from general methods of membrane manufacturing. Properties of membranes and membrane materials prove to be necessary for understanding the performance of filtration and separation, which will be shown through a combined approach based on experimental insights and modeling.Solvent‐resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) is described separately as one of the newly emerging membrane processes, with a very large potential for separations in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical, as well as food and related industries. The performance of SRNF will be related to physicochemical parameters, which eventually should allow prediction of the process performance.For aqueous applications, special attention is paid to membrane fouling in NF, which remains one of the main points of attention. The approach followed here is that of the resistance‐in‐series model, in which flux decline is split up into its different contributing effects, aiming at identifying and controlling the most significant contributors. It is suggested that adsorption of organic solutes and pore blocking are potentially the most important mechanisms of flux decline that are difficult to control.The most important applications of NF (in aqueous solutions) are outlined: production of drinking water (with focus on newly emerging applications such as the removal of a wide range of micropollutants), applications in wastewater treatment and water recycling, and the use of NF in fractionation processes.Finally, a brief indication is given of the challenges for NF and NF membranes that remain to be solved.
Membrane Reactors, Applications
Authors: Basile Angelo , Liguori Simona , Iulianelli Adolfo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe development of new value‐added products and the application of innovative technologies are attracting considerable attention in the context of modernization of the oil‐refining, chemical, and petrochemical industries,involving the treatment of aromatic hydrocarbons and olefins and the production of green energy while preserving the environment. Membrane technology can constitute a key challenge in the promotion of scale‐up from fundamental research to large‐scale industry owing to the offer of attractive opportunities in the design, rationalization, and optimization of, for example, energy production. Different operations can be integrated in the same industrial field, leading to important benefits of product quality, plant compactness, and lower environmental impact. As a specific case, high competitiveness and innovation are expected from integrated membrane reactor technology in many segments of conventional industrial activities, especially in areas such as the production of hydrogen from the reforming of hydrocarbons and alcohols or from the exploitation of new greener and alternative energy sources such as biofuels.
Gas Separation, Applications
Authors: Brunetti Adele , Barbieri Giuseppe , Drioli Enrico 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMembrane‐based gas separation (GS) systems are today widely accepted and, in some cases, used as a unit operation for generation, separation, and purification of gases in gas, chemical, petroleum, and allied industries. There are several fields of application of membrane GS, and several membrane materials and membrane modular solutions are available today for the various fields of interest. However, the growth of large‐scale industrial applications is still far from reaching the real potential that membrane GS can offer. Together with the investigation of new materials with improved properties, a key role for widespread use of this technology is represented by the development of new knowledge for better utilization of the unit operations already available on the market in integrated membrane systems combining various membrane operations in the industrial process. The role of membrane engineering is crucial to overcome this hurdle.This article describes the application fields of membranes in GS. In addition, it addresses the critical needs in the development of this technology and some of the factors that are impeding the growth of GS membranes. After an overview on the membrane materials and membrane modules now available on the market, or being studied in the laboratory, a description of the main GS processes involving membranes is presented, as well as a comparison with traditional technologies currently in use.
Analytical Applications of Membranes
Authors: Bruening Merlin L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRoles of membranes in analytical chemistry range from creating potentials in ion‐selective electrodes to catalyzing protein digestion before mass spectrometry. This article focuses on membrane‐based analyte extraction and also briefly discusses recent catalytic membranes that facilitate analyte derivatization or digestion. Membrane‐based liquid‐liquid extraction avoids mixing and subsequent collection of the two phases and the recent development of hollow‐fiber microextraction is particularly attractive for small‐volume, potentially‐automated analyses. Microdialysis sampling is now a widespread tool for analyte collection from a variety of tissues, while membrane introduction mass spectrometry combined with miniaturized mass spectrometers facilitates remote or portable environmental analyses. Derivatization of membranes affords adsorptive materials for solid‐phase extraction. In particular, growth of functionalized polymer brushes in pores yields membrane adsorbers that capture tagged proteins. Moreover, simple methods for enzyme adsorption in porous membranes give reactors that catalyze rapid proteolysis for mass spectrometry. In addition to their history in ion‐selective electrodes and filtration, future membranes will play a significant role in sample purification and derivatization because they provide convenient methods for rapidly concentrating or modifying small‐volume samples.
Silk‐inspired polyurethane containing GlyAlaGlyAla tetrapeptide. II. physical properties and structure
Authors: Liu Hongtao , Zhou Jiangang , Liu Xiuying , Zuo Danying , Gu Shaojin , Xu Weilin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiomedical polyurethane (BPU) and silk fibroin have similarly molecular architecture in their primary and aggregate structure, both of which have amide bonds and microphase separation, and they have been employed as scaffold materials for biomedical applications. Based on this, as the featured peptide sequence of silkworm silk fibroin, GlycineAlanineGlycineAlanine (GlyAlaGlyAla) tetrapeptide was synthesized by using traditional liquid‐phase peptide synthesis method with Boc‐protected glycine and alanine as starting materials, and was transformed to its derivative with two amine‐terminated functional groups. The derivative was introduced as a chain extender into the backbone to form the hard segment of a silk‐inspired PU with urea‐linkage. Related measurements show that molecular weight of the synthesized silk‐inspired PU ranged from 13,000 to 15,000. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption bands of Amides I and II are at 1651 cm−1 and 1534 cm−1, and Raman absorption band of Amide III is at 1302 cm−1. UV‐Vis absorption peak of the silk‐inspired PU is at 266 nm. This new concept and strategy may allow the fabrication of a new class of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers to mimic the structure and properties of silk fibroin of silkworms and spiders. Information provided by this study may be used to better understand the correlation between the natural and man‐made materials. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Synchronization Criteria for Neutral Complex Dynamic Networks with Interal Time‐Varying Coupling Delays
Authors: Duan Wenyong , Du Baozhu , You Jing , Zou Yun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper deals with a synchronization problem of a class of neutral‐type complex dynamic networks with interval time‐varying coupling delays under a pair of nonlinear constraints. Some delay‐dependent synchronization criteria are derived in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) based on a modified Lyapunov‐Krasovskii (LK) functional approach. By a convexity analysis of the matrix function, a free‐weighting matrix method is employed for the purpose of reducing the conservatism of the existing results. Two illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Spitzendruck bei Sondierungen. Einflußgrößen und Prognose
Authors: Schumacher L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIm Beitrag werden wesentliche, spitzendruckbestimmende Einflußgrößen aufgezeigt, die Möglichkeit der Bestimmung des Spitzendrucks aus Rammsondierungen dargestellt und ein Berechnungsalgorithmus zur Prognose des Spitzendrucks abgeleitet. Der Berechnungsalgorithmus basiert auf einer multiplen nichtlinearen Regressionsanalyse.