bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Could California's groundwater resource management lessons be beneficial to England?
Authors: Parker Tom , Brown Anthony 
Published: August 2024

In California, Groundwater Sustainability Agencies (GSAs) are basin/catchment-specific water organizations mandated by the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act of 2014 to manage groundwater sustainably by 2040/2042. A GSA can charge replenishment fees for pumped groundwater and these fees can be used to: (a) monitor basin hydrologic conditions; (b) improve the water budget accuracy; (c) increase water availability through management actions and projects; (d) mitigate undesirable results; and/or (e) pay for activities including issuing allocations and limiting production to allocations.
In England, housing is frequently proposed in river basin catchments that face water resource challenges. High profile examples are the Arun Valley and Cambridge. The current National Planning Policy Framework manages water resource planning strategically through water company Water Resource Management Plans or Environment Agency River Basin Management Plans. These processes can be slow to respond to development requirements.
England might look to California's practices that require water users and developers to pay for ‘water credits’ or fees. This could involve a ‘Watermaster’ charged with local or catchment scale resource management and project implementation. This Watermaster could engage all stakeholders including the local water company, farmers, the Environment Agency and the local authority, none of whom is well positioned to act in isolation.
AmLuCEP: Amalgamating LUT-based Compression and Adaptive Encoding Assisted Block Placement To Improve Lifetime of PCM-based Main Memories
Authors: Nath Arijit , Kapoor Hemangee K. 
Published: August 2024

With the rising demands for high capacity memory and poor scalability of the existing DRAM-based main memories, the emerging Non-volatile memories captures higher attention due to their high density and low leakage power consumption. However, the possible consideration of such memories as alternatives of DRAM is largely hindered by their intrinsic drawbacks like high write latency, high write energy and low write endurance. In this article, we propose an integrated solution by combining the effect of compression and encoding assisted block placement to improve lifetime of NVMs. We have developed a compression technique called
LUT_Comp
by exploiting the word-level redundancy present in the words of the incoming cache blocks to NVM.
LUT_Comp
remains effective in reducing bit-flips in NVMs by offering a balance in compression ratio and coverage (Cov). Additionally, we also propose an encoding based block placement policy that places the compressed blocks in the appropriate half within the memory. The integrated approach of compression and block placement termed AmLuCEP offers a uniform bit-flips distribution while further reducing bit-flips in NVM. Experimental results show that AmLuCEP reduces bit-flips by 54%, 42%, 37%, 21%; energy consumption by 41%, 28%, 24%, 13%; and improves lifetime by 57%, 40%, 38%, 21% over baseline and the existing techniques READ [
38
], COEF [
39
] and SELEC [
13
], respectively.
Targeting PDHK1 by DCA to Restore NK Cell Function in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Yang Xinyi , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Peng , Li Min , Xiang Tong , Xie Songzuo , Li Minxing , Wang Yan , Weng Desheng , Zhao Jingjing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a crucial enzyme involved in the oxidation of glucose. It is regulated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. Studies have demonstrated that PDHK1, a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, behaves like oncogenes. It is highly expressed in tumors and is associated with poor patient prognosis. However, there is limited research on how PDHK1 affects immune cell function. We have established a model of NK cell exhaustion to investigate the impact of dichloroacetate (DCA) on NK cell function. The production of granzyme B, IFNγ, TNFα, and CD107a by NK cells was explored by flow cytometry. The real-time live-cell imaging system was used to monitor the ability of NK cells against tumor cells. The Seahorse analyzer was utilized to measure the oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate of NK cells. A mouse model was used to investigate the potential of combining DCA with adjuvant NK cell infusion. Our study demonstrated that the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment mediated NK cellular exhaustion and high expression of PDHK1 and reduced cytokine secretion. We discovered that the PDHK1 inhibitor DCA enhances the activity and function of exhausted NK cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, in a s.c. hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model, DCA combined with NK cell treatment resulted in retarding cancer progression. This study indicates the potential of DCA in rescuing NK cell exhaustion and eliciting antitumor immunity.
A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples
Authors: Arakawa Yasuhiro , Elloumi Fathi , Varma Sudhir , Khandagale Prashant , Jo Ukhyun , Kumar Suresh , Roper Nitin , Reinhold William C. , Robey Robert W. , Takebe Naoko , Gottesman Michael M. , Thomas Craig J. , Boeva Valentina , Berruti Alfredo , Abate Andrea , Tamburello Mariangela , Sigala Sandra , Hantel Constanze , Weigand Isabel , Wierman Margaret E. , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Del Rivero Jaydira , Pommier Yves 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly heterogeneous disease with a notably poor prognosis due to significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Emphasizing on the importance of precision medicine, there is an increasing need for comprehensive genomic resources alongside well-developed experimental models to devise personalized therapeutic strategies. We present ACC_CellMinerCDB, a substantive genomic and drug sensitivity database (available at https://discover.nci.nih.gov/acc_cellminercdb) comprising ACC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and responses to more than 2,400 drugs examined by the NCI and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. This database exposes shared genomic pathways among ACC cell lines and surgical samples, thus authenticating the cell lines as research models. It also allows exploration of pertinent treatment markers such as MDR-1, SOAT1, MGMT, MMR, and SLFN11 and introduces the potential to repurpose agents like temozolomide for ACC therapy. ACC_CellMinerCDB provides the foundation for exploring larger preclinical ACC models.

Significance:
ACC_CellMinerCDB, a comprehensive database of cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and drug responses, reveals shared genomic pathways and treatment-relevant markers in ACC. This resource offers insights into potential therapeutic targets and the opportunity to repurpose existing drugs for ACC therapy.
Raças e racismos, junções e disjunções
Authors: Guimarães Antonio Sérgio Alfredo 
Published: August 2024

Nesse artigo, exploro as razões para que se tenha desenvolvido no presente século, no interior da tradição das ciências sociais, a necessidade de se conceituar o racismo, assim como as razões por que tal conceituação é ainda, nos dias que correm, fortemente controversa. Isso me leva a discutir a relação entre racismo e raça, e o desenvolvimento do uso analítico do termo raça nas ciências sociais. Ao fazer essa discussão, defenderei duas teses simples, mas radicais: a de que não há como conceituar racismo sem referência a raças, assim como não há racismo sem agência humana.
Racismo no Brasil: de hipótese à premissa, sem passar por objeto
Authors: Campos Luiz Augusto 
Published: August 2024

The area study of race relations is one of the oldest and most consolidated in Brazilian Social Sciences. Yet paradoxically, there is still little research focused on understanding and explaining Brazil’s racism, its mechanisms and characteristics. In addition to illustrating these claims, this text aims to explain why the mechanisms of racial discrimination still manage to escape the radar of sociology and, above all, to outline the general lines of a research agenda that takes discrimination as an object of investigation. It seems that racial discrimination stopped being a research hypothesis, reformulated and tested in different ways between the 1970s and 1990s, to become a premise in the area from the 2000s onwards. However, this came to be without racism being properly constructed as an object of sociological research itself.
Radiomics Analysis of CTO Plaques for Predicting Successful Guidewire Crossing Within 30 Minutes of PCI
Authors: Xing Haoran , Tang Zhenchao , Zhang Lijun , Liu Zhenyu , Liu Yang , Fu Xu , Lin Ouya , Wang Qiang , Zhang Dongfeng , Feng Lanxin , Zhang Min , Xu Feng , Zhang Mingduo , Zhou Yuan , Fu Yuan , Li Chuang , Xu Li , He Yi , Zhang Hongjia , Song Xiantao , Liu Jiangang 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Coronary computed tomography angiography provides valuable information for evaluating the difficulty of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention. This study aimed to investigate the value of CTO plaque characteristics derived from radiomics analysis for predicting the difficulty of percutaneous coronary intervention.

METHODS:
Patients with CTO were retrospectively enrolled from a hospital as training and internal test sets and from the other 2 territory hospitals as external test sets. Radiomics characteristics were extracted from the CTO segment on coronary computed tomography angiography. Radiomics and combined models were developed to predict successful guidewire crossing within 30 minutes (guidewire success) of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention. Subgroup analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of potential risk factors on the radiomics model performance.

RESULTS:

A total of 551 patients (median, 60; interquartile range, 52.00–66.00 years, 460 men) with 565 CTO lesions were finally enrolled. In the training, internal test, and external test sets, 203 of 357, 85 of 149, and 38 of 59 CTO lesions achieved guidewire success, respectively. Six radiomics features were selected for constructing the radiomics model. In the external test set, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the radiomics model was significantly higher than prior prediction models (
P
<0.05 for all) with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.86, 74.58%, 81.58%, and 61.90%, respectively. The performance of the radiomics model was dependent on calcification, CTO location, adjacent branch(es), and operator caseload.

CONCLUSIONS:
CTO characteristics revealed by radiomics analysis can be used as effective imaging biomarkers for predicting guidewire success. However, the performance of the radiomics model depends on anatomic and operator factors.
Impaired Left Atrial Reserve Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Kagami Kazuki , Harada Tomonari , Yuasa Naoki , Saito Yuki , Sorimachi Hidemi , Murakami Fumitaka , Naito Ayami , Tani Yuta , Kato Toshimitsu , Wada Naoki , Adachi Takeshi , Ishii Hideki , Obokata Masaru 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Left atrial (LA) dysfunction is common in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction. However, data on the pathophysiologic impacts of impaired LA functional reserve remained limited. We sought to determine the association of abnormal LA dynamics during exercise with cardiovascular reserve, exercise capacity, and clinical outcomes.

METHODS:
Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (n=231) and controls without HF (n=219) underwent exercise stress echocardiography with simultaneous expired gas analysis. LA function was assessed at rest and during exercise using speckle-tracking echocardiography.

RESULTS:

Patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction demonstrated less increase in LA reservoir and booster pump strain during exercise than those in controls. The degree of LA dilation was more closely related to exercise LA reservoir strain than to resting LA strain (Meng test,
P
=0.002). The presence of impaired LA reservoir strain during exercise was associated with poorer biventricular systolic reserve and cardiac output augmentation, more severe right ventricular-pulmonary artery uncoupling, and lower peak oxygen consumption. Patients with a lower exercise LA reservoir strain had a 2.7-fold increased risk of HF events (hazard ratio, 2.66 [95% CI, 1.32–5.38];
P
=0.006). Among patients with follow-up echocardiography, initiation of guideline-directed medical therapy or atrial fibrillation ablation showed significant improvements in LA reservoir (
P
<0.001 and
P
=0.022) and booster pump strain (
P
=0.011 and 0.028) at rest and during exercise, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Impaired LA reservoir function during exercise in HF with preserved ejection fraction is associated with biventricular reserve limitations, exercise intolerance, and increased risks of HF events.
Hebbian Descent: A Unified View on Log-Likelihood Learning
Authors: Melchior Jan , Schiewer Robin , Wiskott Laurenz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study discusses the negative impact of the derivative of the activation functions in the output layer of artificial neural networks, in particular in continual learning. We propose Hebbian descent as a theoretical framework to overcome this limitation, which is implemented through an alternative loss function for gradient descent we refer to as Hebbian descent loss. This loss is effectively the generalized log-likelihood loss and corresponds to an alternative weight update rule for the output layer wherein the derivative of the activation function is disregarded. We show how this update avoids vanishing error signals during backpropagation in saturated regions of the activation functions, which is particularly helpful in training shallow neural networks and deep neural networks where saturating activation functions are only used in the output layer. In combination with centering, Hebbian descent leads to better continual learning capabilities. It provides a unifying perspective on Hebbian learning, gradient descent, and generalized linear models, for all of which we discuss the advantages and disadvantages. Given activation functions with strictly positive derivative (as often the case in practice), Hebbian descent inherits the convergence properties of regular gradient descent. While established pairings of loss and output layer activation function (e.g., mean squared error with linear or cross-entropy with sigmoid/softmax) are subsumed by Hebbian descent, we provide general insights for designing arbitrary loss activation function combinations that benefit from Hebbian descent. For shallow networks, we show that Hebbian descent outperforms Hebbian learning, has a performance similar to regular gradient descent, and has a much better performance than all other tested update rules in continual learning. In combination with centering, Hebbian descent implements a forgetting mechanism that prevents catastrophic interference notably better than the other tested update rules. When training deep neural networks, our experimental results suggest that Hebbian descent has better or similar performance as gradient descent.
Seeing the Forest but Naming the Trees: An Object-Over-Place Bias in Learning Noun Labels
Authors: Lin Yi , Dillon Moira R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objects and places are foundational spatial domains represented in human symbolic expressions, like drawings, which show a prioritization of depicting small-scale object-shape information over the large-scale navigable place information in which objects are situated. Is there a similar object-over-place bias in language? Across six experiments, adults and 3- to 4-year-old children were asked either to extend a novel noun in a labeling phrase, to extend a novel noun in a prepositional phrase, or to simply match pictures. To dissociate specific object and place information from more general figure and ground information, participants either saw scenes with both place information (a room) and object information (a block in the room), or scenes with two kinds of object information that matched the figure-ground relations of the room and block by presenting an open container with a smaller block inside. While adults showed a specific object-over-place bias in both extending novel noun labels and matching, they did not show this bias in extending novel nouns following prepositions. Young children showed this bias in extending novel noun labels only. Spatial domains may thus confer specific and foundational biases for word learning that may change through development in a way that is similar to that of other word-learning biases about objects, like the shape bias. These results expand the symbolic scope of prior studies on object biases in drawing to object biases in language, and they expand the spatial domains of prior studies characterizing the language of objects and places.
Rebalancing Investment Protection Standards
Authors: Teo Jeriel , Richter Jerome , Kadu Sayali , Khaw Tasmine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Treaty reform has largely focused on refining the various investment protection standards under IIAs to achieve a more appropriate balance between investment protection and preserving the state’s right to regulate. This article takes stock of the treaty language used to recalibrate investment protection standards and evaluates their effectiveness in preserving policy space. The article ultimately concludes that greater precision in the various investment protection standards has been effective in preserving regulatory space in some cases, notably in the case of indirect expropriation. By contrast, reform of the fair and equitable treatment may be of limited effectiveness, whereas the reforms of national treatment clauses and most favoured nation clauses have yet to be tested by arbitral treatment. While in principle the latter reforms appear to directly address the concerns raised by previous arbitral authority, it remains to be seen whether they will prove to be effective.
Mapping the Past, Present and Future of Belongingness Research: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis
Authors: Bano Samina , Srivastava Prakhar , S.M Sayed Ebrahim Mubasheer , Nishat Anam , Ahmad Insha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Our review combines bibliometric and thematic analysis to extensively explore belongingness research, using the SPAR-4-SLR protocol for systematic review. Analyzing 4,887 Scopus documents, we examined publication trends, intellectual structure, recent developments, and future research directions in the field. The bibliometric analysis revealed significant scholarly contributions and identified four foundational thematic clusters: The Birth of Belongingness, Self, Identity, and Belongingness, Suicide and Belongingness, and Social Exclusion and Belongingness. Recent trends highlight the link between thwarted belongingness and suicide, and underscore the importance of social inclusion in diverse settings. Future research directions include integrating belongingness into education, mental health, suicide prevention, community initiatives, digital connectivity, and policy development. This study is vital for scholars and practitioners, influencing academic discourse, policy discussions, and societal health. However, the study's scope is limited by its reliance on a single database, its focus on English-language publications, and the exclusion of grey literature.
Evaluation of postoperative delirium in geriatric patients given acetaminophen with and without melatonin: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Muehrcke Maria N. , Blackwelder Russell S. , Weeda Erin R. , Furlough Leah A. , Shelton Jessi E. , Brace Samantha M. , Bragg Scott W. 
Published: August 2024

Objective Postoperative delirium has many consequences and should be prevented when possible. Non-opioid pain treatments have known delirium prevention benefits, while melatonin has promising prevention data in non-surgical populations. The incidence of postoperative delirium was retrospectively compared in patients prescribed acetaminophen with and without melatonin following orthopedic surgery. Methods Retrospective data was analyzed in adults ≥65-years-old who were hospitalized within one health system following an orthopedic procedure. Patients receiving at least acetaminophen 1000 mg/day with and without melatonin 1 mg/day for at least 48 hours perioperatively were included. Patients were excluded if they had prior delirium, an intensive care unit placement >24 hours, or other risk factors for developing delirium to reduce confounders. The primary outcome was delirium incidence or positive CAM-ICU score. Key secondary endpoints included hospital length of stay and 30-day hospital readmission. Results Two hundred patients were assessed, and 134 patients were included in the analysis (ie, 66 acetaminophen plus melatonin, 68 acetaminophen alone). There was a lower rate of delirium when comparing the combination vs acetaminophen alone (5% vs 25%; P = 0.001). There were no differences in 30-day readmission. Patients taking the combination had a longer length of stay than acetaminophen alone (5 vs 4 days; P = 0.04). Conclusion Geriatric patients taking acetaminophen plus melatonin after orthopedic surgery had a significantly lower risk of delirium than patients receiving acetaminophen alone. Using combination melatonin and acetaminophen before orthopedic surgery is a promising delirium prevention strategy and should be considered in future prospective trials.
Evaluation of survivin expression and regulating miRNAs of survivin expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in systemic lupus erythematous patients
Authors: Bolouri Nasim , Mansouri Reza , Farhadi Elham , Soltani Samaneh , Akhtari Maryam , Madreseh Elham , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Jafarinejad-Farsangi Saeideh , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Mahmoudi Mahdi 
Published: August 2024

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multisystemic rheumatic disease with different clinical features. Disturbance in apoptosis regulation seems to be a major factor in SLE development. Objective Survivin plays a key role in mitosis and inhibiting apoptosis. A study was conducted to examine the expression level of survivin and miRNAs that affect survivin transcript levels in patients with SLE. Methods We isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 50 inactive SLE patients and 50 healthy controls. RNA is extracted and converted to cDNA. The quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction is conducted to assess the expression levels of survivin total and its variants with effective miRNAs in PBMCs. Results Expression levels of miR-34a-5p (fold change = 1.5, p ++ = 0.027), and 218-5p (fold change = 1.5, p ++ = 0.020) were significantly increased. While miR-150-5p (fold change = 0.56, p ++ = 0.003) was significantly decreased. The mRNA expression of survivin-WT (fold change = 0.63, p++ = 0.002) was significantly downregulated in SLE patients compared to the healthy controls. Survivin total and its two major variants (survivin-2B, and survivin-ΔEx3) did not differ significantly between SLE patients and controls. Conclusion Although survivin-TS and its two variants (survivin-2B, and survivin-ΔEx3) were not differently expressed in SLE patients, survivin-WT had altered expression. Despite aberrant miRNA expression in PBMCs from SLE patients, survivin and miRNA expression were not associated with leukopenia. The pathogenesis of SLE disorder might be linked to survivin’s other roles in the immune system aside from anti-apoptotic functions.