bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 5-Day Method for Determination of Soluble Silicon Concentrations in Nonliquid Fertilizer Materials Using a Sodium Carbonate-Ammonium Nitrate Extractant Followed by Visible Spectroscopy with Heteropoly Blue Analysis: Single-Laboratory Validation
Authors: Sebastian Dennis , Rodrigues Hugh , Kinsey Charles , Korndörfer Gaspar , Pereira Hamilton , Buck Guilherme , Datnoff Lawrence , Miranda Stephen , Provance-Bowley Mary 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A 5-day method for determining the soluble silicon (Si) concentrations in nonliquid fertilizer products was developed using a sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)–ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) extractant followed by visible spectroscopy with heteropoly blue analysis at 660 nm. The 5-Day Na2CO3-NH4NO3 Soluble Si Extraction Method can be applied to quantify the plant-available Si in solid fertilizer products at levels ranging from 0.2 to 8.4% Si with an LOD of 0.06%, and LOQ of 0.20%. This Si extraction method for fertilizers correlates well with plant uptake of Si (r2= 0.96 for a range of solid fertilizers) and is applicable to solid Si fertilizer products including blended products and beneficial substances. Fertilizer materials can be processed as received using commercially available laboratory chemicals and materials at ambient laboratory temperatures. The single-laboratory validation of the 5-Day Na2CO3-NH4NO3 Soluble Si Extraction Method has been approved by The Association of American Plant Food Control Officials for testing nonliquid Si fertilizer products.
GreenLight™ Model 960
Authors: Fernandes Richard , Carey Conn , Hynes James , Papkovsky Dmitri 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The importance of food safety has resulted in a demand for a more rapid, high-throughput method for total viable count (TVC). The industry standard for TVC determination (ISO 4833:2003) is widely used but presents users with some drawbacks. The method is materials- and labor-intensive, requiring multiple agar plates per sample. More importantly, the method is slow, with 72 h typically required for a definitive result. Luxcel Biosciences has developed the GreenLight™ Model 960, a microtiter plate-based assay providing a rapid high-throughput method of aerobic bacterial load assessment through analysis of microbial oxygen consumption. Results are generated in 1–12 h, depending on microbial load. The mix and measure procedure allows rapid detection of microbial oxygen consumption and equates oxygen consumption to microbial load (CFU/g), providing a simple, sensitive means of assessing the microbial contamination levels in foods (1). As bacteria in the test sample grow and respire, they deplete O2, which is detected as an increase in the GreenLight probe signal above the baseline level (2). The time required to reach this increase in signal can be used to calculate the CFU/g of the original sample, based on a predetermined calibration. The higher the initial microbial load, the earlier this threshold is reached (1).
Validation of the Soleris® NF-TVC Method for Determination of Total Viable Count in a Variety of Foods
Authors: Mozola Mark , Gray Lucas R , Feldpausch Jill , Alles Susan , McDougal Susan , Montei Carolyn , Sarver Ron , Steiner Brent , Cooper Christine , Rice Jennifer 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of the Soleris Non-fermenting-Total Viable Count (NF-TVC) automated growth-based method for semiquantitative detection of mesophilic, aerobic microorganisms in a variety of food products. A probability of detection (POD) statistical model was used to compare Soleris results at multiple test thresholds (dilutions) with aerobic plate counts determined using reference dilution plating procedures. Nine naturally contaminated food products were tested, with Soleris testing performed at three or four threshold levels for each food. Using the POD model, all Soleris test results were in statistical agreement with the reference plating procedures with the exception of a single threshold level in two trials with black pepper, and a single threshold level in the independent laboratory trial with cheesecake. Results of ruggedness testing showed that the Soleris method produced accurate results even when minor variances in operating parameters, including sample volume and incubation temperature, were introduced. Results of the internal and independent laboratory validation studies showed that the Soleris NF-TVC method can be used as an accurate alternative to conventional dilution plating procedures for evaluation of microbial counts at threshold levels, while saving 24 h or more in analysis time.
3M™ Petrifilm™ Environmental Listeria Plate
Authors: Benesh DeAnn L , Crowley Erin S , Bird Patrick M 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
A validation study of the 3M™ Petrifilm™ Environmental Listeria (EL) Plate (3M Food Safety, St. Paul, MN) was conducted at Q Laboratories, Inc., Cincinnati, OH. The method was compared to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the analysis of stainless steel environmental surfaces. Twenty replicates of the environmental surface were analyzed at a low and a high inoculum level. The low-level sampling area was inoculated with 0.2–2 CFU/5 cm2, and the high-level sampling area was inoculated with 2–5 CFU/5 cm2. Five control replicates were also analyzed at 0 CFU/5 cm2. There was no significant difference in the number of positives detected by the 3M Petrifilm EL Plate method and the Health Canada MFHPB-30 reference method for the environmental surface analyzed in this study.
State-of-the-art Versus Time-triggered Object Tracking in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Authors: Koplin Moritz , Elmenreich Wilfried 
Published: April 2013

Most state-of-the-art driver assistance systems cannot guarantee that real-time images of object states are updated within a given time interval, because the object state observations are typically sampled by uncontrolled sensors and transmitted via an indeterministic bus system such as CAN. To overcome this shortcoming, a paradigm shift toward time-triggered advanced driver assistance systems based on a deterministic bus system, such as FlexRay, is under discussion. In order to prove the feasibility of this paradigm shift, this paper develops different models of a state-of-the-art and a time-triggered advanced driver assistance system based on multi-sensor object tracking and compares them with regard to their mean performance. The results show that while the state-of-the-art model is advantageous in scenarios with low process noise, it is outmatched by the time-triggered model in the case of high process noise, i.e., in complex situations with high dynamic.
Porosité des pratiques. Étanchéité du discours
Authors: Lefebvre Marie-Thérèse 
Published: April 2013

L’analyse du répertoire diffusé à l’époque pionnière de la radio soulève un problème de définition des genres. L’éventail des musiques dites « intermédiaires » que proposent les diffuseurs met en évidence la porosité entre les musiques classique et populaire. Cette musique hybride devient un produit de consommation culturelle largement accessible, mais elle se situe dans un contexte où la radio est tributaire du discours esthétique étanche porté par l’intelligentsia, ces défenseurs de la « bonne musique ». L’origine de ce courant provient d’un puissant groupe de pression américain, le « Make America Musical ». Il a infiltré le discours porté par les élites québécoises qui ont utilisé, sans toutefois être conscientes de son origine, la même rhétorique : la valorisation d’une certaine musique classique au détriment de la musique populaire. Les directeurs radiophoniques ont dû tenir compte de l’impact médiatique que pouvaient susciter leurs choix musicaux. Comment en sont-ils arrivés à contourner ce discours ? En rendant poreuses les frontières musicales étanches défendues par ce mouvement américain entre les différents genres musicaux, la radio a réussi à créer un genre musical radiophonique typique. Cette stratégie offrant un dégradé subtil des genres musicaux a permis à la radio de se développer et de conquérir un large public, au nom de la « démocratisation de la culture ».
Vie culturelle : la turbulence comme métaphore
Authors: Cambron Micheline , Roy André G. 
Published: April 2013

La connaissance historique a été marquée depuis ses débuts par quelques métaphores clés, offrant du passage du temps et des changements historiques des images d’une grande portée heuristique. En ce qui concerne l’histoire de la vie culturelle, les métaphores usuelles se sont graduellement émoussées : elles ne sont plus « vives » (Ricoeur). Après un bref examen de ces diverses métaphores usées, nous proposons une nouvelle métaphore, celle de la turbulence, dont nous examinons le potentiel métaphorique à partir des modèles en dynamique des fluides, en suggérant des applications théoriques fondées sur quelques questions en histoire de la vie culturelle québécoise.
Une Constitution pour l’Empire : sur les origines de l’idée fédérale au Québec, 1765-1815
Authors: Harvey Louis-Georges 
Published: April 2013

Dans le contexte du réaménagement de la gouvernance impériale qui s’amorce au milieu du XVIIIe siècle et se poursuit après la Révolution américaine, des officiers de la couronne dans les colonies anglo-américaines qui demeureront loyaux après 1783 tentent de jeter les bases d’une structure constitutionnelle impériale par la création d’une fédération des colonies américaines. Développés entre 1783 et 1815 dans les projets de William Smith et Jonathan Sewell, ces projets de fédération forment un pôle important du discours politique bas-canadien et ils définissent les mécanismes de la domination coloniale que les adeptes de l’Empire tentent d’imposer à la colonie après 1822. Dans le contexte politique bas-canadien, le fédéralisme représente donc un mécanisme de domination et un modèle de gouvernance permettant de perpétuer l’hégémonie politique impériale plutôt qu’une pensée annonciatrice de l’avènement du Canada moderne.
Jean-Charles Falardeau, sociologue et précurseur de la Révolution tranquille
Authors: Langlois Simon 
Published: April 2013

Jean-Charles Falardeau a été le premier sociologue francophone de carrière au sein de l’Université. Il a été l’instigateur de recherches empiriques sur la société québécoise, prenant la ville de Québec comme « laboratoire » dans la tradition de l’École de Chicago. Notre étude analyse quelle a été sa formation au sein de l’École des sciences sociales de l’Université Laval puis au département de sociologie de l’Université de Chicago. Le sociologue de Laval a été l’interprète d’une nouvelle définition de la société québécoise et du Canada français, montrant que le Québec était devenu une société industrialisée et urbaine. Le diagnostic qu’il a posé sur le décalage entre modes de vie et institutions reste dans la littérature sociologique comme un trait caractéristique du Québec d’avant la Révolution tranquille. Notre analyse met en évidence une facette peu connue de sa vie et de sa carrière : son engagement dans la vie publique québécoise et canadienne, faisant de lui un intellectuel et un précurseur de la Révolution tranquille.
La commémoration à Québec, 1828-2012
Authors: Harvey Fernand 
Published: April 2013

Québec possède plus d’une centaine de monuments historiques sur son territoire dont la majorité est localisée dans le Vieux-Québec ou sur la colline parlementaire. Cette analyse à la fois historique et sociographique se propose d’en dégager les grandes thématiques commémoratives. Les caractéristiques historiques de cette ville, à la fois place-forte militaire, capitale politique et centre religieux ont orienté le rapport que ses habitants entretiennent avec le passé. Deux grandes vagues de commémoration avec leurs caractéristiques politiques et esthétiques différentes ont pu être identifiées : la première autour des années 1890-1939 et la seconde, de 1980 à 2012. La réalisation de ces monuments et bustes commémoratifs comporte, par ailleurs, sa propre histoire qui reflète les intérêts convergents ou divergents des différents acteurs sociaux en cause. Parmi les caractéristiques générales qui se dégagent de l’analyse, le dualisme commémoratif est particulièrement significatif.
L’art des Huronnes vu par le frère récollet Gabriel Sagard en 1623-1624
Authors: Lacroix Laurier 
Published: April 2013

Parmi les récits qui présentent la vie des missionnaires en milieu autochtone, le texte du frère récollet Gabriel Sagard, Le Grand voyage au pays des Hurons, suivi du Dictionnaire de la langue huronne (1632), est reconnu comme le premier qui soit aussi complet sur cette nation. Sagard y relate son séjour de 1623-1624 auprès de la communauté de Carahouga, groupe huron qui n’a encore été que peu exposé directement au contact avec les Blancs. C’est un aspect particulier de sa relation qui m’intéresse ici, soit sa capacité de reconnaître comme des oeuvres d’art les artefacts produits par les femmes autochtones même si ce concept n’existait pas pour les Amérindiens.
« Elles font […] des paniers de jonc, & d’autres avec des escorces de Bouleaux […] elles font aussi comme une espece de gibesiere de cuir, ou sac à petun, sur lesquels elles font des ouvrages dignes d’admiration, avec du poil de porc espic, coloré de rouge, noir, blanc & bleu, qui sont les couleurs qu’elles font si vives, que les nostres ne semblent point en aprocher. […]. » Son regard émerveillé et curieux détaille ainsi les peintures corporelles, les wampums, les peaux peintes, les bijoux et l’ensemble de la production visuelle.
Sagard reconnaît la richesse et la diversité de leur production et il accorde à ces oeuvres des propriétés décoratives et esthétiques, les objets servant également comme moyens de communication ou comme offrandes lors des cérémonies funéraires. Son système de valeur l’empêche cependant de reconnaître la portée symbolique et mythologique de ces objets. Le texte de Sagard rend visible un moment de la culture matérielle des Hurons à la période de contact, production disparue à laquelle un travail d’interprétation pluridisciplinaire pourra en partie redonner vie.
Coevolution: Molecular
Authors: Adkins Ronald M 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Molecular coevolution is an ongoing process by which a change in the sequence or function of a nucleic acid or protein molecule alters the selective effect of substitutions in another molecule or at other sites in the same molecule. Examples are given that illustrate that coevolution can be the consequence of a variety of forces, including positive selection to maintain compatibility (e.g. gamete recognition proteins) in the interacting molecules or due to relaxation of selective constraints at some sites due to substitutions at other sites with which they interact (e.g. the growth hormone and its receptors). Methods to detect molecular coevolution are constantly developing, and examples of these are provided that generally indicate that explicit consideration of evolutionary relationships and of background neutral rates of substitution improves inferences.

Key Concepts:

The negative or positive selective pressures acting at a site in a molecule are conditional depending on the content of the molecular sites with which it interacts.

The acceptance of mutations into a population that can have important consequences for binding or function can be driven by positive selection for function or by neutral acceptance of formally deleterious mutations rendered permissible by changes at other interacting sites.

Coevolution is frequently accompanied by an increase in the rate of amino acid replacement.

Detection of coevolution is improved by accounting for the underlying patterns of relationship among the species and for the underlying rate of neutral mutation.

Coevolution of interacting molecules may reinforce reproductive isolation between species via gamete recognition or effects on molecular function.
Gene Structure: Evolution
Authors: Ohta Tomoko 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Two classes of genes are protein‐coding genes and
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
specifying genes. Their expression is controlled by regulatory elements: promoters and enhancers. Two fundamental processes in the evolution of gene structure in populations are the production of variations by mutations and the natural selection that filters these variations. Mutations occur randomly in genomes of germ cell lineages and are rejected or selected for, so that genes perform needed functions. Protein functions and genetic regulatory systems have been attained during the long course of evolution, and many mutations are deleterious. However, genetic systems are robust and many mutations have minute effects. As a result of minute effects of many mutations, both genetic drift and natural selection influence their fate in a population.

Key Concepts:

New genes may be acquired through genome or segmental duplication, unequal crossing‐over, gene conversion and duplicative transposition.

Because proteins, RNAs and genetic regulatory systems perform necessary functions for the organisms, most new mutations are deleterious.

Selective constraint is defined by the fraction of mutations that are removed by natural selection.

Genetic systems are robust and effects of mutations are often very small.

For mutations with very small effects, the interplay of drift and selection becomes important, that is, the near‐neutrality concept is applicable.

Under the nearly neutral process, modification and shifting of various interacting systems may occur, accompanying changes in gene structure.
Fugu: A Compact Model Vertebrate Genome
Authors: Ravi V , Venkatesh B 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The genome of the Japanese pufferfish,

Takifugu rubripes

(fugu), which is among the smallest vertebrate genomes, is an attractive model vertebrate genome and was the first vertebrate genome to be sequenced after the human genome. It has proved to be valuable for discovering novel genes and evolutionarily conserved regulatory elements in the human genome. Generation of a comprehensive genetic map of fugu and its integration with the genome assembly has increased the utility of fugu in genetic and evolutionary studies. The fugu genome resources should help to unravel the genetic basis of speciation in the
Takifugu
lineage, which has experienced an explosive speciation in the marine environment within a relatively short period. Given the plans to sequence genomes of up to 10 000 vertebrates in order to understand their evolutionary origin and diversity, fugu will continue to serve as a valuable ‘reference’ vertebrate genome.

Key Concepts:

Fugu, a marine pufferfish, was proposed as a model genome to understand better the human genome, mainly because of its compact genome size (1/8th the size of human genome).

Comparison of fugu and human genomes enabled the identification of many new human genes and a few thousand gene regulatory elements in the human genome.

The availability of a high‐resolution genetic map and its integration with the genome assembly has made fugu a more attractive genome model to study the evolution of vertebrates.

A combination of two alleles of the
Amhr2
gene determines sex in fugu.

Because of its phylogenetic position and compact genome size, fugu will continue to serve as a useful ‘reference’ vertebrate genome.
Abscission
Authors: Roberts Jeremy A , González‐Carranza Zinnia H 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

The abscission of organs takes place at discrete sites and at specific times during the life cycle of a plant. These observations suggest that the abscission zone comprises a layer of positionally differentiated cells that undergo separation from their neighbours in response to precise developmental and environmental cues. By studying mutants of
Arabidopsis
that exhibit an attenuated capacity to shed their floral organs, it has been possible to identify a number of genes that may play a role in both the differentiation of abscission zone cells and the timing of organ shedding. Recent advances in transcript profiling have also helped us unravel the changes in gene expression that accompany cell separation and further proteomic and metabolomic advancements will add to this knowledge over the coming years. The possible applications of this knowledge to agricultural and horticultural species are discussed.

Key Concepts:

The manipulation of abscission has been crucial during the history of agriculture and a more detailed understanding of the process could contribute to increases in both the quantity and quality of crop yield.

Organ shedding takes place at discrete sites termed abscission zones that are differentiated early in development.

The timing of organ shedding is regulated by distal tissues such as the leaf, flower or fruit.

The study of mutants in
Arabidopsis
has played a key role in identifying the genes involved in abscission zone differentiation and development.

The plant hormones auxin and ethylene play an important role in regulating when abscission takes place.

Abscission involves cell wall dissolution and the molecular and biochemical events that regulate it may account for the remodelling that takes place at other sites during plant growth and development.
Environmental Enrichment Improves Novel Object Recognition and Enhances Agonistic Behavior in Male Mice
Authors: Mesa‐Gresa Patricia , Pérez‐Martinez Asunción , Redolat Rosa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEnvironmental enrichment (EE) is an experimental paradigm in which rodents are housed in complex environments containing objects that provide stimulation, the effects of which are expected to improve the welfare of these subjects. EE has been shown to considerably improve learning and memory in rodents. However, knowledge about the effects of EE on social interaction is generally limited and rather controversial. Thus, our aim was to evaluate both novel object recognition and agonistic behavior in NMRI mice receiving EE, hypothesizing enhanced cognition and slightly enhanced agonistic interaction upon EE rearing. During a 4‐week period half the mice (n = 16) were exposed to EE and the other half (n = 16) remained in a standard environment (SE). On PND 56–57, animals performed the object recognition test, in which recognition memory was measured using a discrimination index. The social interaction test consisted of an encounter between an experimental animal and a standard opponent. Results indicated that EE mice explored the new object for longer periods than SE animals (P < .05). During social encounters, EE mice devoted more time to sociability and agonistic behavior (P < .05) than their non‐EE counterparts. In conclusion, EE has been shown to improve object recognition and increase agonistic behavior in adolescent/early adulthood mice. In the future we intend to extend this study on a longitudinal basis in order to assess in more depth the effect of EE and the consistency of the above‐mentioned observations in NMRI mice. Aggr. Behav. 39:269–279, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conduction Mechanisms and Structure–Property Relationships in High Energy Density Aromatic Polythiourea Dielectric Films
Authors: Burlingame Quinn , Wu Shan , Lin Minren , Zhang Q. M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAromatic polythiourea (ArPTU) is an amorphous, polar, glass‐phase dielectric polymer which features extremely high dielectric breakdown strength (>1.1 GV/m), low loss at high electric fields (10% at 1.1 GV/m), and a high maximum electrical energy density (>24 J/cm3). This work presents a study of the structure–property relationships and electrical conduction in ArPTU, and offers a phenomenological explanation for the experimentally observed high‐field loss characteristics which facilitate the excellent energy storage properties.