bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary posterior interosseous nerve lesions associated with humeral fractures
Authors: Erra Carmen , De Franco Paola , Granata Giuseppe , Coraci Daniele , Briani Chiara , Paolasso Ilaria , Padua Luca 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionRadial nerve lesions associated with humeral shaft fractures are the most common traumatic nerve lesions observed with long bone fractures. Secondary indirect posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) lesions can be associated with traumatic radial nerve palsy. The aim of this study was to identify cases of traumatic double‐site radial nerve involvement through ultrasound (US).MethodsPatients with traumatic radial nerve lesions referred to our laboratory from January 2010 to January 2014 were evaluated.ResultsOf the 35 patients, 18 had US evidence of a radial nerve lesion at the fracture site associated with secondary PIN involvement at the arcade of Frohse.ConclusionsMultiple‐site nerve lesions are difficult to demonstrate through electrodiagnostic tests. In our case series, half of the patients with traumatic radial nerve damage had US evidence of PIN injury. Prospective studies with follow‐up are needed to determine the clinical and prognostic relevance of this finding and the best therapeutic approach. Muscle Nerve 53: 375–378, 2016
Direct infusion ESI‐IT‐MSn alkaloid profile and isolation of tetrahydroharman and other alkaloids from Bocageopsis pleiosperma maas (Annonaceae)
Authors: Soares Elzalina R. , da Silva Felipe M. A. , de Almeida Richardson A. , de Lima Bruna R. , da Silva Filho Francinaldo A. , Barison Andersson , Koolen Hector H. F. , Pinheiro Maria Lúcia B. , de Souza Afonso D. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Annonaceae family is known as a promising abundant source of secondary metabolites, especially annonaceous acetogenins, terpenoids and isoquinoline‐derived alkaloids. Although widely investigated from the phytochemical viewpoint, this family still presents some largely unexplored genera, e.g. the Bocageopsis.ObjectiveTo investigate the alkaloid content of Bocageopsis pleiosperma Maas using direct infusion electrospray ionisation ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MSn) analysis.MethodologyDichloromethane extracts of aerial parts were subjected to acid–base partitioning to yield the alkaloidal fractions. These fractions were analysed by direct infusion into a (+)ESI‐IT‐MSn system. The alkaloidal fraction from the leaves was also obtained on a large scale and subjected to chromatographic separation.ResultsThe tentative MSn‐based identification of alkaloids in leaves, twigs and trunk bark showed that aporphine alkaloids were restricted to the leaves and twigs, tetrahydroprotoberberine alkaloids were only found in the twigs and trunk bark while benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were found in the leaves, twigs and trunk bark. Chromatographic separation of the leaf alkaloidal fraction yielded the aporphine alkaloids nornuciferine, asimilobine and isoboldine, the β‐carboline alkaloid tetrahydroharman and some mixtures containing benzylisoquinoline and aporphine alkaloids, all described for the first time in the Bocageopsis genus. Furthermore, tetrahydroharman has not previously been reported in the Magnoliales order.ConclusionDirect infusion ESI‐IT‐MSn analysis of alkaloids allowed fast recognition of alkaloidal classes previously reported in the Annonaceae family, aiding the chromatographic step and allowing a selective isolation of compounds previously not identified in the Bocageopsis genus. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderating effect of perceived partner empathy on body image and depression among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Fang Su‐Ying , Chang Hong‐Tai , Shu Bih‐Ching 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aims of the study were the following: (1) to understand the relationship between women's perceptions of empathy from their partners and their depressive symptoms and body image and (2) to examine the moderating effects of women's perceptions of empathy from their partners on the relationship between body image and depressive symptoms.MethodsA cross‐sectional and correlational design was used, in which a convenience sample of 151 women who completed surgery and the necessary chemotherapy/radiotherapy were recruited from southern Taiwan. A structured questionnaire including the Other Dyadic Perspective‐Taking Scale, the Body Image Scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale were administered. Hierarchical regression was used to examine the moderating effects of empathy from partners between the women's body image and their level of depressive symptoms.ResultsThe results showed significant relationships between empathy from a partner and depressive symptoms (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant relationship between empathy from a partner and body image (p > 0.05). The moderating effect of empathy from a partner on the relationship between body image and depressive symptoms was also significant (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe more empathy women perceived from partners, the fewer depressive symptoms women reported. Empathy from a partner could moderate the impact of body image changes on depressive symptoms. Women's depressive symptoms, resulting from a change in body image after breast cancer surgery, might be minimized if they perceived greater empathy from their partners. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure–function correlations in tyrosinases
Authors: Kanteev Margarita , Goldfeder Mor , Fishman Ayelet 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTyrosinases are metalloenzymes belonging to the type‐3 copper protein family which contain two copper ions in the active site. They are found in various prokaryotes as well as in plants, fungi, arthropods, and mammals and are responsible for pigmentation, wound healing, radiation protection, and primary immune response. Tyrosinases perform two sequential enzymatic reactions: hydroxylation of monophenols and oxidation of diphenols to form quinones which polymerize spontaneously to melanin. Two other members of this family are catechol oxidases, which are prevalent mainly in plants and perform only the second oxidation step, and hemocyanins, which lack enzymatic activity and are oxygen carriers. In the last decade, several structures of plant and bacterial tyrosinases were determined, some with substrates or inhibitors, highlighting features and residues which are important for copper uptake and catalysis. This review summarizes the updated information on structure–function correlations in tyrosinases along with comparison to other type‐3 copper proteins.
Teaching and Learning the Purpose of Evidence for Knowledge and Knowing
Authors: Kirch Susan A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEvidence is a cultural tool for engaging in a variety of knowledge production practices including observation, inference making, argumentation, persuasion, and explanation. Identifying and using evidence, as called for in many learning standards, is necessary but not sufficient for understanding the concepts and purposes of evidence. Before identifying and using evidence, learners need to be engaged as researchers of knowledge production. It is only through studying evidence in the context of knowledge production that learning the processes and tools of this human activity becomes relevant to learners. By learning to identify and use evidence in the context of knowledge production students can build a deep understanding of the origins and purpose of evidence, which is necessary for generating intrinsic motives for critical use.
The complex of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS) proteins plays a central role in antagonistic interactions of genes for leaf polarity specification in Arabidopsis
Authors: Machida Chiyoko , Nakagawa Ayami , Kojima Shoko , Takahashi Hiro , Machida Yasunori 
Published: June 2015

Leaf primordia are born around meristem‐containing stem cells at shoot apices, grow along three axes (proximal–distal, adaxial–abaxial, medial–lateral), and develop into flat symmetric leaves with adaxial–abaxial polarity. Axis development and polarity specification of Arabidopsis leaves require a network of genes for transcription factor‐like proteins and small RNAs. Here, we summarize present understandings of adaxial‐specific genes, ASYMMETRIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2. Their complex (AS1–AS2) functions in the regulation of the proximal–distal leaf length by directly repressing class 1 KNOX homeobox genes (BP, KNAT2) that are expressed in the meristem periphery below leaf primordia. Adaxial–abaxial polarity specification involves antagonistic interaction of adaxial and abaxial genes including AS1 and AS2 for the development of two respective domains. AS1–AS2 directly represses the abaxial gene ETTIN/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ETT/ARF3) and indirectly represses ETT/ARF3 and ARF4 through tasiR‐ARF. Modifier mutations have been identified that abolish adaxialization and enhance the defect in the proximal–distal patterning in as1 and as2. AS1–AS2 and its modifiers synergistically repress both ARFs and class 1 KNOXs. Repression of ARFs is critical for establishing adaxial–abaxial polarity. On the other hand, abaxial factors KANADI1 (KAN1) and KAN2 directly repress AS2 expression. These data delineate a molecular framework for antagonistic gene interactions among adaxial factors, AS1, AS2, and their modifiers, and the abaxial factors ARFs as key regulators in the establishment of adaxial–abaxial polarity. Possible AS1–AS2 epigenetic repression and activities downstream of ARFs are discussed. WIREs Dev Biol 2015, 4:655–671. doi: 10.1002/wdev.196This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Plant Development > Vegetative Development
Plant Development > Cell Growth and Differentiation
Antitumor activity of a rhenium (I)-diselenoether complex in experimental models of human breast cancer
Authors: Collery Philippe , Mohsen Ahmed , Kermagoret Anthony , Corre Samantha , Bastian Gérard , Tomas Alain , Wei Ming , Santoni François , Guerra Nadia , Desmaële Didier , d’Angelo Jean 
Published: June 2015

SummaryRhenium (I)-diselenother (Re-diselenoether) is a water soluble metal-based compound, combining one atom of rhenium and two atoms of selenium. This compound has been reported to exhibit marked activities against several solid tumor cell lines. We now disclose an improved synthesis of this complex. The Re-diselenoether showed a potent inhibitory effect on MDA-MB231 cell division in vitro, which lasted when the complex was no longer present in the culture. Re-diselenoether induced a remarkable reduction of the volume of the primitive breast tumors and of the pulmonary metastases without clinical signs of toxicity, in mice-bearing a MDA-MB231 Luc+ tumor, orthotopically transplanted, after a daily oral administration at the dose of 10 mg/kg/d. Interestingly, an antagonism was observed when cisplatin was administered as a single i.p. injection 1 week after the end of the Re-diselenoether administration. In an effort to gain insight of the mechanisms of action of Re-diselenoether complex, interaction with 9-methylguanine as a nucleic acid base model was studied. We have shown that Re-diselenoether gave both mono- and bis-guanine Re adducts, the species assumed to be responsible for the DNA intrastrand lesions.
Initial Surgical Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fracture Predicts Difficulty Healing when Humeral Shaft Nonunion Occurs
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Davidovitch Roy I. , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: June 2015

Background Although most humeral nonunions are successfully treated with a single procedure, some humeral nonunions are more difficult to heal and require multiple procedures. Current literature does not provide evidence describing how the prognosis for surgical repair in patients who develop humeral diaphyseal nonunions may be affected by initial operative versus nonoperative treatment. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study was to assess whether operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute humeral shaft fractures impacts outcome of subsequent repairs of humeral nonunions (NU) including the need for additional surgery and a comparison of pain relief (Visual Analogue Scale for pain) and functional outcome (Short Musculoskeletal Functional Assessment). Methods Thirty-four patients with humeral shaft nonunion were evaluated of which 15 patients had been treated operatively (OF), and 19 patients had been treated nonoperatively (NO) for their initial humerus shaft fracture. All patients underwent plating with autogenous bone graft or allograft ± bone morphogenic protein (BMP) 2 or 7 as their final NU repair surgery prior to healing. We compared functional outcome and pain for both cohorts and determined risk factors for requiring more than 1 nonunion repair surgery. Results The mean time of final follow-up was 14.7 ± 10.4 months. Thirty-three of 34 NUs (97.1%) healed. Patients who underwent OF of their original fracture were more likely to require more than 1 NU repair surgery (66.7 vs. 0%, p < 0.01). Of the 15 patients who underwent initial OF, 33.0% required 1 NU surgery, 33.0% required 2 NU surgeries, and 33.0% required 3 NU surgeries. Patients who underwent initial OF were more likely to require >6 months to achieve union (40.0 vs. 10.5%, p = 0.04). At final follow-up, there was no difference in functional outcome or pain scores. Initial OF was the only independent predictor of needing more than 1 NU repair surgery (OR 70.1 CI 2.8–1762.3) to achieve healing. Conclusion Humeral shaft nonunions following initial operative fixation of the index fracture is more resistant to achieving union when compared to nonunions forming after initial nonoperative treatment. When final healing is achieved, there is no difference in function or pain.
How firm innovativeness and unexpected product reliability failures affect profitability
Authors: Mackelprang Alan W. , Habermann Marco , Swink Morgan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study examines relationships among a firm’s innovativeness, its unexpected product failure costs, and financial performance. When a firm chooses to develop more innovative products and processes, product reliability outcomes become more uncertain. These uncertainties in turn may lead to unexpected warranty claims costs, as well as other costs that can erode the advantages of an innovation leadership position. This study empirically tests these propositions using publically reported warranty and financial data from 2003 to 2013, representing 482 unique firms. Consistent with prior studies, our estimation of the direct effects of firm innovativeness on financial performance shows an inverted–u–shaped relationship. Importantly, we find that more innovative firms also experience more unexpected product failure costs, and, consistent with organizational information processing theory, the negative impacts of these costs on financial performance extend well beyond the direct costs associated with remediating warranty claims. Further, we find that this relationship is robust to differing levels of industry innovativeness. Hence, our study suggests that product failure risks associated with firm innovativeness are significant, and act to at least partially offset the financial benefits of innovation leadership. In addition, standard accounting for product warranty claims may substantially understate the true costs associated with product failures, which appear to generate significant SG&A, fixed asset, and inventory costs above and beyond direct warranty processing costs. Our study also demonstrates a novel usage of warranty claims data. We discuss the implications of these findings for both managers and researchers.
Fleeting Glory in a Wasteland: Wealth, Politics, and Autonomy in Northern Chad
Authors: Brachet Julien , Scheele Judith 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn January 2012, a newderdé(traditional leader) of the Teda in northern Chad was officially appointed. Held in the Tibesti, a remote, notoriously unruly but strategically important part of the Sahara, the investiture ceremony was attended by Teda from throughout the country and neighboring Libya and Niger, as well as by an impressive number of Chadian civil servants and international diplomats. Yet the ceremony itself was short and messy. Similarly, the historical underpinnings of the institution of thederdéand the selection process were unclear, leaving much room for debate. This uncertainty appears to lie at the heart of the institution of thederdé. Far from a resurgence of “traditional authority” to make up for “state failure” or to partake in the restructuring of postcolonial states—as observed elsewhere on the African continent—the investiture ceremony confirmed the decentralized nature of Teda social organization and the absence of even attempted governance, both with regards to the Chadian state and local political institutions. What mattered from a local point of view were not long-term strategies of power and control, but rather the immediate and gloriously wasteful distribution of wealth. Admiring eyes were turned not toward thederdéor the state officials who appointed him, but instead toward high-ranking military officers, well-dressed urban Libyan Teda, and trans-border smugglers, models of rapid but often short-lived success. This provides a counterexample to the current emphasis on governance and power in the analysis of African states and politics.
Zidovudine, an anti-viral drug, resensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine by inhibition of the Akt-GSK3β-Snail pathway
Authors: Namba T , Kodama R , Moritomo S , Hoshino T , Mizushima T 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPancreatic cancer is one of the most difficult malignancies to treat owing to the rapid acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy. Gemcitabine, a first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer, prolongs patient survival by several months, and combination treatment with gemcitabine and other anti-cancer drugs in the clinic do not show any significant effects on overall survival. Thus, identification of a drug that resensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance are critical to develop new therapeutic options for pancreatic cancer. Here, we report that zidovudine resensitizes gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer to gemcitabine as shown by screening a compound library, including clinical medicine, using gemcitabine-resistant cells. In analyzing the molecular mechanisms of zidovudine effects, we found that the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype and downregulation of human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) are essential for the acquisition of gemcitabine resistance, and zidovudine restored these changes. The chemical biology investigations also revealed that activation of the Akt-GSK3β-Snail1 pathway in resistant cells is a key signaling event for gemcitabine resistance, and zidovudine resensitized resistant cells to gemcitabine by inhibiting this activated pathway. Moreover, our in vivo study demonstrated that co-administration of zidovudine and gemcitabine strongly suppressed the formation of tumors by gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer and prevented gemcitabine-sensitive pancreatic tumors from acquiring gemcitabine-resistant properties, inducing an EMT-like phenotype and downregulating hENT1 expression. These results suggested that co-treatment with zidovudine and gemcitabine may become a novel therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer by inhibiting chemoresistance-specific signaling.
Imaging an aligned polyatomic molecule with laser-induced electron diffraction
Authors: Pullen Michael G. , Wolter Benjamin , Le Anh-Thu , Baudisch Matthias , Hemmer Michaël , Senftleben Arne , Schröter Claus Dieter , Ullrich Joachim , Moshammer Robert , Lin C. D. , Biegert Jens 
Published: June 2015

AbstractLaser-induced electron diffraction is an evolving tabletop method that aims to image ultrafast structural changes in gas-phase polyatomic molecules with sub-Ångström spatial and femtosecond temporal resolutions. Here we demonstrate the retrieval of multiple bond lengths from a polyatomic molecule by simultaneously measuring the C–C and C–H bond lengths in aligned acetylene. Our approach takes the method beyond the hitherto achieved imaging of simple diatomic molecules and is based on the combination of a 160 kHz mid-infrared few-cycle laser source with full three-dimensional electron–ion coincidence detection. Our technique provides an accessible and robust route towards imaging ultrafast processes in complex gas-phase molecules with atto- to femto-second temporal resolution.
Large Seebeck effect by charge-mobility engineering
Authors: Sun Peijie , Wei Beipei , Zhang Jiahao , Tomczak Jan M. , Strydom A.M. , Søndergaard M. , Iversen Bo B. , Steglich Frank 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Seebeck effect describes the generation of an electric potential in a conducting solid exposed to a temperature gradient. In most cases, it is dominated by an energy-dependent electronic density of states at the Fermi level, in line with the prevalent efforts towards superior thermoelectrics through the engineering of electronic structure. Here we demonstrate an alternative source for the Seebeck effect based on charge-carrier relaxation: a charge mobility that changes rapidly with temperature can result in a sizeable addition to the Seebeck coefficient. This new Seebeck source is demonstrated explicitly for Ni-doped CoSb3, where a marked mobility change occurs due to the crossover between two different charge-relaxation regimes. Our findings unveil the origin of pronounced features in the Seebeck coefficient of many other elusive materials characterized by a significant mobility mismatch. When utilized appropriately, this effect can also provide a novel route to the design of improved thermoelectric materials.
Exosomes released by keratinocytes modulate melanocyte pigmentation
Authors: Cicero Alessandra Lo , Delevoye Cédric , Gilles-Marsens Floriane , Loew Damarys , Dingli Florent , Guéré Christelle , André Nathalie , Vié Katell , van Niel Guillaume , Raposo Graça 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), exosomes and microvesicles, which transfer proteins, lipids and RNAs to regulate recipient cell functions. Skin pigmentation relies on a tight dialogue between keratinocytes and melanocytes in the epidermis. Here we report that exosomes secreted by keratinocytes enhance melanin synthesis by increasing both the expression and activity of melanosomal proteins. Furthermore, we show that the function of keratinocyte-derived exosomes is phototype-dependent and is modulated by ultraviolet B. In sum, this study uncovers an important physiological function for exosomes in human pigmentation and opens new avenues in our understanding of how pigmentation is regulated by intercellular communication in both healthy and diseased states.
Digital microfluidic immunocytochemistry in single cells
Authors: Ng Alphonsus H. C. , Chamberlain M. Dean , Situ Haozhong , Lee Victor , Wheeler Aaron R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report a new technique called Digital microfluidic Immunocytochemistry in Single Cells (DISC). DISC automates protocols for cell culture, stimulation and immunocytochemistry, enabling the interrogation of protein phosphorylation on pulsing with stimulus for as little as 3 s. DISC was used to probe the phosphorylation states of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and the downstream signalling protein, Akt, to evaluate concentration- and time-dependent effects of stimulation. The high time resolution of the technique allowed for surprising new observations—for example, a 10 s pulse stimulus of a low concentration of PDGF is sufficient to cause >30% of adherent fibroblasts to commit to Akt activation. With the ability to quantitatively probe signalling events with high time resolution at the single-cell level, we propose that DISC may be an important new technique for a wide range of applications, especially for screening signalling responses of a heterogeneous cell population.