bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of novel gain‐of‐function mutations of αIIbβ3: association with macrothrombocytopenia and glanzmann thrombasthenia‐like phenotype
Authors: Kashiwagi Hirokazu , Kunishima Shinji , Kiyomizu Kazunobu , Amano Yoshiro , Shimada Hiroyuki , Morishita Masashi , Kanakura Yuzuru , Tomiyama Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntegrin αIIbβ3 is indispensable for normal hemostasis, but its role for thrombopoiesis is still controversial. Recently, αIIb and β3 mutations have been identified in patients with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. We analyzed three unrelated Japanese families with congenital macrothrombocytopenia. Expression and activation state of αIIbβ3 in platelets was examined by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. Sequence of whole coding region and exon–intron boundaries of ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes was performed. The effects of mutations on αIIbβ3 activation state and phosphorylation of FAK were analyzed in transfected cells. We newly identified three mutations: two mutations in highly conserved Gly‐Phe‐Phe‐Lys‐Arg sequence in juxtamembrane region of αIIb, p.Gly991Cys and p.Phe993del, and one donor site mutation of intron 13 of ITGB3 leading to 40 amino acids deletion, p.(Asp621_Glu660del), in the membrane proximal β‐tail domain of β3. One patient, who showed Glanzmann thrombasthenia‐like marked reduction in surface αIIbβ3 expression (3–11% of normal control), was a compound heterozygote with ITGA2B p.Gly991Cys and a novel nonsense mutation, ITGA2B p.Arg422*. All three mutations, ITGA2B p.Gly991Cys, ITGA2B p.Phe993del, and ITGB3 p.(Asp621_Glu660del), led to highly activated conformation of αIIbβ3 and spontaneous tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK in transfected cells. These results suggest that gain‐of‐function mutations around membrane region of αIIbβ3 lead to abnormal platelet number and morphology with impaired surface αIIbβ3 expression.
Motor functioning during and following treatment with chemotherapy for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Green Jessica L. , Knight Sarah J. , McCarthy Maria , De Luca Cinzia R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis systematic review evaluated empirical studies examining motor skills in children during and following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Most studies indicated that children on‐treatment display poorer gross and fine motor abilities than healthy peers, but generally have intact visual‐motor integration skills. Studies have reported gross motor difficulties in 5–54% of survivors. There is some limited evidence for long‐term fine motor deficits. The evidence for visual‐motor integration difficulties in the survivor population is less consistent. Larger studies with a longitudinal design are needed to further specify the onset and timing of motor difficulties and ascertain risk factors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1261–1266. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Melt electrospinning writing of three‐dimensional star poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) scaffolds
Authors: Mota Carlos , Puppi Dario , Gazzarri Matteo , Bártolo Paulo , Chiellini Federica 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the last decade, the melt‐electrospinning technique has gained attention for the production of highly porous microfibrous tissue engineering scaffolds. The possibility of processing polymers without the use of organic solvents is one of the main advantages over solution electrospinning. In this study, computer‐controlled melt‐electrospinning of a commercial poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and of two batches with different molecular weights of a three‐arm star poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) by means of a screw‐extruder‐based additive manufacturing system is reported. Experimental parameters such as processing temperature, extrusion flow rate and applied voltage were studied and optimized in order to obtain non‐woven meshes with uniform fibre morphology. Applying the optimized parameters, three‐dimensional scaffolds were produced using a layer‐by‐layer approach (0 − 90° lay‐down pattern). © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Control of colloidal interactions between microgels with stimulus‐responsive properties
Authors: Umeda Yoshitaka , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMicrogels can switch their chemical/physical properties with external stimulus, and the colloidal behavior of microgels is strongly affected by interparticle interactions. In this article, we introduce smart microgels, focusing on Janus microgels and oscillating microgels developed by our group. Janus microgels show anisotropic shape and chemical/physical properties, and thus the structures of their flocs are also anisotropic. Oscillating microgels show autonomous swelling/deswelling and dispersing/flocculating oscillations through synchronization with chemical reactions. The interparticle interactions of these microgels are discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3021–3026
Structural relaxation behavior of strain hardened shape memory polymer fibers for self‐healing applications
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Li Guoqiang 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, shape‐memory polyurethane (SMPU) fibers were strain hardened by cold‐drawing programming (CDP) process. The programmed fibers are experimentally studied on the physical and thermomechanical properties. Structural relaxation, which determines shape memory capability of the SMP fibers, is quantified by conformational entropy change. Based on the entanglement tube theory and reptation theory, the entropic force is derived as a “bridge” to link the stress relaxation and structural relaxation, and thus structural relaxation can be evaluated by stress relaxation. It was found that the CDP SMPU fibers would still have good crackclosing capability after 13 years of hibernation in polymer matrix composite. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013, 51, 966–977
Interphase/interface modification on the dielectric properties of polycarbonate/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) multilayer films for high‐energy density capacitors
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Carr Joel , Mackey Matthew , Yin Kezhen , Schuele Donald , Zhu Lei , Baer Eric 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTUnique three‐component multilayer films with ATBTATBTA configuration were fabricated using forced assembly multilayer coextrusion for novel dielectric systems. The dielectric breakdown strength, displacement–electric field hysteresis, and dielectric spectroscopy of 65‐layer polycarbonate (PC)/tie/poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) were investigated with various tie materials. Three different tie materials, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile copolymer with 30% acrylonitrile content (SAN30), and poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐1,4‐cycohexanedimethylene terephthalate) (PETG) were chosen owing to their various degrees of interaction with either P(VDF‐HFP) or PC. The 65‐layer PC/PMMA/P(VDF‐HFP) films exhibited a 25% enhancement in breakdown properties, 50% higher energy density, 40% smaller hysteresis loop areas, and orders of magnitude slower ion migration relative to the 33‐layer PC/P(VDF‐HFP) control. These property improvements are mainly attributed to the localized interactions at PMMA/P(VDF‐HFP) and PMMA/PC interfaces, forming interphase regions. The modified PMMA/P(VDF‐HFP) interphase region can effectively hinder the migration of impurity ions in P(VDF‐HFP), reducing their mobility within the layer. Additionally, a small fraction of PMMA can lead to slightly increased dielectric constant of the composite films owing to strong interaction between PMMA and P(VDF‐HFP). The other two systems with PETG and SAN30 as tie layers exhibited marginal improvements in dielectric properties owing to their weaker interactions with the P(VDF‐HFP) layers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 978–991
An approach to sense pheromone concentration by pre‐concentration and gas sensors
Authors: Wehrenfennig Christoph , Schott Matthias , Gasch Tina , Meixner Daniel , Düring Rolf‐Alexander , Vilcinskas Andreas , Kohl Claus‐Dieter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this investigation we combined enrichment with different analysis techniques for in situ sensing of the pheromone main component of the European Grapevine Moth (Lobesia botrana). The electroantennographic detection (EAD) offers the lowest in situ detection limit, but has a limited lifetime of only few hours. Based on the enrichment it is possible to pre‐concentrate the natural pheromone level up to a threshold for biomimetic analytic systems. By metal‐oxide semiconductor gas sensors in a ‘selective odorant measurement of a multi‐sensor array’ (SOMMSA) setup it is possible to achieve a system with a suitable lifetime for monitoring applications. Due to the sequential desorption from the enrichment material with increasing temperature steps it is possible to eliminate interfering gas components and therefore increase the selectivity of the complete system and to achieve a tool for monitoring applications, e.g. in a vineyard.
Ionic liquids for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles
Authors: Richter Kai , Campbell Paul S. , Baecker Tobias , Schimitzek Agnes , Yaprak Damla , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) offer outstanding possibilities as media for manufacturing nanoparticles. Synthesis conditions with high reaction and nucleation rates are achievable leading to the formation of extremely small particles. The IL itself can act as an electronic as well as a steric stabiliser preventing particle growth and particle aggregation. In addition, as highly structured liquids, ILs have a strong effect on the morphology of the particles formed. We have developed two synthesis techniques for the generation of metal nanoparticles that take advantage of the unique properties that ILs offer when compared to conventional volatile organic solvents (VOCs): microwave (MW) synthesis and physical vapour deposition (PVD). The ionic character and high polarisability of the IL renders it highly susceptible to energy uptake via MWs and extreme heating and reaction rates can be achieved. To make full use of the possibilities that ILs offer we have designed a set of reducing ILs which can be used as direct reaction partners for the generation of metal nanoparticles. The negligible vapour pressure of many ILs makes experiments under high vacuum possible and allows for the PVD of metals into ILs. magnified imagePhysical vapour deposition (left) and microwave synthesis of metal nanoparticles in ILs.
Probability of occurrence of extreme magnetic storms
Authors: Kataoka Ryuho 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTo calculate the probability of extreme magnetic storms in the solar cycle 24, cumulative distribution functions are investigated using an 89 year list of magnetic storms recorded at Kakioka Magnetic Observatory. It is found that the probability of occurrence of extreme magnetic storms can be modeled as a function of maximum sunspot number of a solar cycle, and the probability of another Carrington storm occurring within the next decade is estimated to be 4–6%.
Statistical properties of the surface‐charging environment at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Thomsen Michelle F. , Henderson Michael G. , Jordanova Vania K. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBased on 13 years of data from the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzers on six Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) geosynchronous satellites, the statistical behavior of environmental conditions that cause strong surface charging on the satellites is examined. Analysis of the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzers data reveals the electron energy range (~5–10 keV) and threshold flux (1.4×103 cm–2 s–1 sr–1 eV–1 at 8 keV) that are most closely associated with satellite surface charging. We also find that the average ambient electron temperature in the plasma sheet correlates with the observed magnitude of the surface potential on the LANL satellites. Analysis of the statistical occurrence rates of (1) the observed surface potential on the LANL satellites, (2) 8 keV electron fluxes above the threshold, and (3) elevated values of the average electron temperature all reveal that an enhanced surface charging probability exists (a) during higher values of Kp, (b) in the local time range from premidnight through dawn, (c) during equinox seasons, and (d) during the declining phase of the solar cycle. With the exception of the solar cycle dependence, these are the same statistical dependences found by Choi et al. (2011) in the satellite anomaly database they examined. The local time dependence of those anomalies is a particularly strong diagnostic of surface charging as a probable cause of a significant number of them.
Motives of foreign MNCs investing in the United States and effect of company characteristics
Authors: Sokoya Sesan Kim , Tillery Kenneth R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGiven the recent influx of and changes in foreign direct investment, the purpose of this study is to identify the motives of foreign‐based multinational companies (MNCs) coming to the United States. Factor analysis is used to analyze the underlying pattern of the motives. The results are compared to findings of previous studies of FDI in the United States. The study also seeks differences among motives of different types of MNCs. Implications for policy and future research on FDI are discussed.
From bureaucratic company to entrepreneurial management: A process of change
Authors: Gayarre José Larrea 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn their efforts to adapt to a market economy and capitalism, companies in the Eastern and Central European countries find themselves confronted with a challenge in many ways similar to the situation faced by certain overly bureaucratic companies closed to the outside environment in the capitalist system today. Due to market conditions, monopolistic or oligopolistic concerns such as utilities, railway companies, and airlines are having to abandon traditional practice in order to become outward‐looking, customer‐oriented companies. This involves changing from bureaucratic management toward entrepreneurial management, from closed organizational systems to ones that are open and dynamic—a process affecting the management of all the different subsystems within the firm, including the production, finance, commercial and administration departments, and very especially the management of human resources. In the Eastern and Central European countries, the change will be especially profound since it affects nearly all the companies in the socialist economy. But for overly bureaucratic companies in the capitalist system, the challenge is equally great, since they are being forced into change by new demands arising from the market situation or, as in the case of Spain, by government demands for adequate profitability.
The collapse of the Soviet Ministries: Economic and legal transformation
Authors: Shama Avraham , Sementsov Sergey 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFacing a free‐falling economy, the presidents of the Commonwealth of Independent States (formerly the Soviet Union), led by Russian President Boris Yeltsin, began to administer shock therapy in order to transform their economy into a market‐driven economy as soon as possible. On January 1, 1992, a series of decrees by Yeltsin freed almost all prices, privatized ownership of most land, permitted privatization of collective farms, motivated privatization of all small enterprises, and enabled the transfer of almost all state enterprises into joint stock companies. A few days later, other Commonwealth states, such as the Ukraine and Byelorussia, adopted similar measures. As a result, five full years after the far‐reaching concept of perestroika was put forth by Mikhail Gorbachev, 1992 seems to be the year of the acid test of the market economy in the Commonwealth. In the meantime, over 80 ministries, which had controlled the Soviet economy, collapsed. What do these changes mean to the international executive in terms of risk, opportunity, and strategy?
A new look at ethics in international business
Authors: Deng Shengliang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn many countries there are stated rules that gift‐giving and solicitation in business practice are unethical and prohibited. However, except for the American FCPA, all the rules and guidelines seem to govern only domestic business practices and there are no clear‐cut rules for international business practices in this respect. This study investigates gift‐giving and solicitation in international business practice, using the data collected from 111 New Zealand international business firms. The research findings show variable conduct and contradictory attitudes. These findings suggest that, with the variety of ethical standards and levels of morality which exist in different cultures, neither Deontology nor Utilitarianism could be the answer to the dilemma of ethics and pragmatism that faces today's international business managers. Instead, “Culturalism,” as developed in this study, should be the guiding principle to international business ethics.
From command economy to market economy with a human face: The potential role of the stakeholder approach
Authors: Jacobson Dan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article questions the wisdom of the tendency to adopt managerial capitalism, in its purest form, as the only guiding principle of the new organizational philosophy now evolving in Eastern Europe. The article's main thesis is that following the demise of the command economy, the stakeholder approach can play a pivotal role in providing social legitimacy to organizations attempting to transform and revitalize in the newly created market economy in Eastern Europe. Rather than viewing maximization of profits to the stockholders as the enterprise's sole responsibility, this approach calls for a management strategy that matches the enterprise's “values” to the “values” of all its stakeholders optimizing, over the long‐term, the net (social and economic) value added to society. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Challenges in the education of the contemporary U.S. international manager
Authors: Petrick Joseph A. , Russell‐Robles Lisa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFailure rates of 30% for U.S. expatriate international managers relative to less than 10% for comparable Japanese and European international managers represent substantial costs to individuals, corporations, and U.S. global economic interests. The authors provide a profile of successful expatriate international managers and recommend four changes: (1) inclusion of international management development as a strategic U.S. corporate issue for global success; (2) alteration of current U.S. corporate selection procedures; (3) expanded implementation of rigorous leading edge international training programs; and (4) a renewed U.S. corporate‐academic‐government collaborative partnership to enhance international competitiveness.
Political risk and political loss for foreign investment
Authors: Howell Llewellyn D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn 1986, The Economist produced a risk analysis for 50 countries under the title “Countries in Trouble.” The analysis resulted in a risk rating based on scores from ten weighted political and social variables. This article examines the theoretical structure underlying the analysis and assesses the accuracy of The Economist's projections. Discussion includes considerations of variable choice, variable weights, and data derivation as well as the impact on the outcomes of implicit theory. Conclusions focus on the possibility that underlying theory has predetermined some results, altering the direction of foreign investment. The discussion stresses the connection between abstract theory and profit/loss consequences for businesses in the field of political risk analysis and, particularly, the need for assessing and measuring politically determined losses in order to statistically evaluate the accuracy and utility of risk assessments.
Pretraining Experience and Structure of Surgical Training at a Sub‐Saharan African University
Authors: Galukande Moses , Ozgediz Doruk , Elobu Emmanuel , Kaggwa Sam 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe common goal of surgical training is to provide effective, well‐rounded surgeons who are capable of providing a safe and competent service that is relevant to the society within which they work. In recent years, the surgical workforce crisis has gained greater attention as a component of the global human resources in health problems in low‐ and middle‐income countries. The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe the models for specialist surgical training in Uganda; (2) evaluate the pretraining experience of surgical trainees; (3) explore training models in the United States and Canada and areas of possible further inquiry and intervention for capacity‐building efforts in surgery and perioperative care.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional descriptive study conducted at Makerere University, College of Health Sciences during 2011–2012. Participants were current and recently graduated surgical residents. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire and were entered and analyzed using an excel Microsoft spread sheet. The Makerere University, College of Health Sciences Institutional Review Board approved the study.ResultsOf the 35 potential participants, 23 returned the questionnaires (65 %). Mean age of participants was 29 years with a male/female ratio of 3:1. All worked predominantly in general district hospitals. Pretraining procedures performed numbered 2,125 per participant, which is twice that done by their US and Canadian counterparts during their entire 5‐year training period.ConclusionsA rich pretraining experience exists in East Africa. This should be taken advantage of to enhance surgical specialist training at the institution and regional level.
Genome-scale modeling enables metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for succinic acid production
Authors: Agren Rasmus , Otero José Manuel , Nielsen Jens 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this work, we describe the application of a genome-scale metabolic model and flux balance analysis for the prediction of succinic acid overproduction strategies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The top three single gene deletion strategies, Δmdh1, Δoac1, and Δdic1, were tested using knock-out strains cultivated anaerobically on glucose, coupled with physiological and DNA microarray characterization. While Δmdh1 and Δoac1 strains failed to produce succinate, Δdic1 produced 0.02 C-mol/C-mol glucose, in close agreement with model predictions (0.03 C-mol/C-mol glucose). Transcriptional profiling suggests that succinate formation is coupled to mitochondrial redox balancing, and more specifically, reductive TCA cycle activity. While far from industrial titers, this proof-of-concept suggests that in silico predictions coupled with experimental validation can be used to identify novel and non-intuitive metabolic engineering strategies.
Mumic acids A–E: new diterpenoids from mumiyo
Authors: Kiren Yuko , Nugroho Alfarius Eko , Hirasawa Yusuke , Shirota Osamu , Bekenova Myrzaim , Narbekovich Narbekov Omorbay , Shapilova Marina , Maeno Hiromichi , Morita Hiroshi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Five new diterpenoids belonging to labdane and isopimarane skeletons, mumic acids A–E (1–5), have been isolated from mumiyo. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and chemical derivatization.