bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Characterization of Hydraulically Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs Production History Matching
Authors: Nejadi Siavash , Leung Juliana Y. , Trivedi Japan J. , Virues Claudio.J. J 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Advancements in horizontal well drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing have made gas production from tight formations economically viable. Reservoir simulation models play an important role in the production forecasting and field development planning. To enhance their predictive capabilities and capture the uncertainties in model parameters, stochastic reservoir models should be calibrated to both geologic and flow observations.
In this paper, a novel approach to characterization and history matching of hydrocarbon production from a hydraulic fractured shale gas is presented. This new methodology includes generating multiple discrete fracture network (DFN) models, upscaling the models for numerical multiphase flow simulation, and updating the DFN model parameters using dynamic flow responses. First, measurements from hydraulic fracture treatment, petrophysical interpretation, and in-situ stress data are used to estimate the initial probability distribution of hydraulic and induced micro fractures parameters, and multiple initial DFN models are generated. Next, the DFN models are upscaled into an equivalent continuum dual porosity model using either analytical (Oda) or flow-based techniques. The upscaled models are subjected to the flow simulation, and their production performances are compared to the actual responses. Finally, an assisted history matching algorithm is implemented to assess the uncertainties of the DFN model parameters. Hydraulic fracture parameters including half-length, shape, and conductivity are updated together with the length, conductivity, intensity, and spatial distribution of the induced fractures are optimized in the algorithm.
The proposed methodology is applied to facilitate characterization of fracture parameters of a multi-fractured shale gas well in the Horn River basin. Fracture parameters and stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) derived from the updated DFN models are in agreement with estimates from micro-seismic interpretation and rate transient analysis. The key advantage of this integrated assisted history matching approach is that uncertainties in fracture parameters are represented by the multiple equall-probable DFN models and their upscaled flow simulation models, which honor the hard data and match the dynamic production history. This work highlights the significance of uncertainties in SRV and hydraulic fracture parameters. It also provides insight into the value of micro-seismic data when integrated in a rigorous production history matching workflow.
Benefits of Controlled Hydraulic Fracture Placement: Theory and Field Experiment
Authors: Desroches J. , Lecampion B. , Ramakrishnan H. , Prioul R. , Brown E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Today, shale reservoirs are completed with multiple hydraulic fractures. For efficiency reasons, hydraulic fracturing is typically "staged", each stage comprising of multiple perforation clusters with the aim of initiating one hydraulic fracture per cluster. Cluster spacing is an important parameter to optimize, but the following is still unanswered: What is the minimum spacing that can be achieved between hydraulic fractures, given that both formation heterogeneity and stress shadow play a governing role? This paper uses a new model for the simultaneous initiation and propagation of hydraulic fractures from a horizontal well. Based on this model and observed field results from a well completed with 92 single-entry fracture treatments, new insights on the lack of robustness associated with multiple cluster plug-and-perf completion are presented. Without a large perforation friction pressure drop, there is a minimum spacing of clusters below which, fractures are "shut down" by the stress shadow effect. The stress shadow can, however, be mitigated with a large perforation pressure drop when there is no stress variation between clusters. Moreover, significant stress variations along clusters can be overcome by engineering the limited entry technique (choking down clusters in low stress zones), provided that the corresponding stress variations are known.
The limited entry technique however fails to enable hydraulic fracture initiation and development from all of the perforation clusters if there is a significant variation of near-wellbore pressure drop associated with the complexity of the fracture geometry in the near-wellbore when re-orienting toward the far-field in-situ stress direction.
Downhole pressure measurements from an experimental well completed with 92 single-entry fractures show large variations in near-wellbore pressure drop, highly correlated with the variations in breakdown pressures even though the stress variation estimated from the mineralogy are very small along the lateral. Had this well been completed with stages of 4 clusters each, a significant portion of the clusters would not have initiated and most of the slurry would have been taken by less than half of the clusters. Using the single-entry fracturing technique, each of the perforation clusters has initiated and propagated fractures as designed.
Successful Application of Horizontal Through Pipe Petrophysical Technology to Model the Montney Formation
Authors: Kramer Hermann , Yaxley Tiffiny , Williams Jay , Nevokshonoff Glen , Haysom Steve 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Worldwide the oil and gas industry acknowledges that technology is, and will continue to be, the driving force in allowing oil and gas producers and service companies; to continue to deliver results that will improve production performance in a safe, environmentally sound and cost-effective manner. This is especially true for unconventional producers who are also faced with unlocking the technical challenges of unconventional reservoirs.
To aid in evaluating the Montney liquids-rich resource play, a new through pipe well logging technology was utilized to provide reservoir formation log data through drill pipe on new horizontal wells and through casing on a vertical well. This technology was run in the 7GEN KAKWA 13-24-65-5W6 cased vertical well, then compared to open hole well logs and to core data, both standard and special core analysis. The same through drill pipe logs were run in 14 horizontal wells in the Kakwa and Karr fields. The data collected in the horizontal wells was compared to the vertical core well and to the strip log data on each well. Calibration of the vertical though casing log data to core analysis provides an accurate determination of the reservoir properties in the lateral section of the horizontal wells.
The cost / benefit of utilizing through pipe technology was analyzed. The analysis took into consideration direct and indirect costs associated with data collection and risks associated with horizontal data collection. By evaluating the associated costs and risks it was determined that through pipe data acquisition provides much lower risks and costs less than other data acquisition methods.
Assimilation of New Hires in Public Accounting
Authors: Church Pamela H. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARY:
In spite of vast resources committed to orientation programs, many promising recruits never fully assimilate into public accounting firms. The resulting impact on commitment and early turnover can be devastating for individuals and firms. This study uses in-depth personal accounts of current and former employees to derive a model that may assist firms and their employees. Participants asserted that diverse measures, including careful job choice by recruits, daily supervision and team building, partners' involvement with new hires, and predictable periods of normalcy, can assist in new hires' adaptation to large public accounting firms.
Remediating Past Images. The Temporality of “Found Footage” in Gábor Bódy’s American Torso
Authors: Pieldner Judit 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Along Laura U. Marks’s thoughts on the “disappearing image” as embodied experience, the article proposes to bring into discussion particular modes of occurrence of “past images,” whether in form of the use of archival/found footage or of creating visual archaisms in the spirit of archival recordings, within the practice of the Hungarian experimental film making of the 1970s and 1980s, more speciflcally, in Gábor Bódy’s films. The return to archival/found footage as well as the production of visual archaisms reveal an attempt of remediation (Bolter and Grusin) that goes beyond the cultural responsibility of preservation: it confronts the film medium with its materiality, historicity, and temporality, and creates productive tensions between the private and the historical, between the pre-cinematic and the texture of motion pictures, between the documentary value of the image and its rhetorical dimension. The paper argues that the authenticity of the moving image in Gábor Bódy’s American Torso (Amerikai anzix, 1975) is achieved through a special combination of the immediacy and the hypermediacy of experience. Bódy’s interest in “past images” goes beyond the intention of experimentation with the medium; it is aimed at a profound, reconsidered archaeology of the image and a distinct sensing of the cinema.
Quasi-Bodies and Kafka’s Castle in Sion Sono’s Crime Noir Guilty of Romance (2011)
Authors: Kuo Chia-wen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Sion Sono’s Guilty of Romance (Koi no tsumi, 2011) was adapted from an actual crime in Tokyo’s love hotel: an educated woman (a prostitute at night) was found decapitated and her limbs were re-assembled with a sex-doll. Sono renders this through his cinematic narrative blurring the distinction between true crime and fictional sin like Rancière’s idea that everything is a narrative dissipating the opposition between “fact and fiction,” and “quasi-body” becomes a product of human literarity while an imaginary collective body is formed to fill the fracture in-between. In Sono’s story, the victim is a literature professor tormented by an incestuous desire for her father, whose favorite book is Kafka’s Castle. Thus she compares the love-hotel district where she turns loose at night as a castle of lusts. Here the narrative becomes a collective body that puppeteers human “quasi-bodies” in a Kafkaesque spatio-temporal aporia, and time’s spatialized horizontally with the germs of desire spread like a contagion on a Deleuzian “plane of immanence.”
Sensations of the Past: Identity, Empowerment, and the British Monarchy Films
Authors: Győri Zsolt 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Royal bio-pics have always enjoyed a high priority among cinematic representations of British history and taken a lion’s share in defining Britishness to audiences at home and abroad. These historical narratives never render national identity by capturing the past of historians, instead reconstruct the past as a mirror of contemporary reality and in a way as to satisfy their audience’s demand for both romantic qualities and antiquarian nostalgia, for sensations they regard their own. The author’s basic assumption is that such cinema does not represent history but exploits spectatorial desire for a mediated reality one inhabits through the experience of an empowered identity. The first part of the article examines how private-life films (a subgenre of royal bio-pics) mythologized and idealized Tudor monarchs in the 1930s, while in the second part, contemporary representatives of the subgenre are analysed as they portray the challenges of the Monarchy in its search for a place within modern British identity politics. Analysed films include The Private Life of Henry VIII (Alexander Korda, 1933), The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (Michael Curtiz, 1939), Mrs Brown (John Madden, 1997), The Queen (Stephen Frears, 2006), and The King’s Speech (Tom Hooper, 2010).1
The Machine Translation Leaderboard
Authors: Matt Post , Adam Lopez 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Much of an instructor's time is spent on the management and grading of homework. We present the Machine Translation Leaderboard, a platform for managing, displaying, and automatically grading homework assignments. It runs on Google App Engine, which provides hosting and user management services. Among its many features are the ability to easily define new assignments, manage submission histories, maintain a development / test set distinction, and display a leaderboard. An entirely new class can be set up in minutes with minimal configuration. It comes pre-packaged with five assignments used in a graduate course on machine translation.
An Open-Source Web-Based Tool for Resource-Agnostic Interactive Translation Prediction
Authors: Daniel Torregrosa , Mikel L. Forcada , Juan Antonio Pérez-Ortiz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We present a web-based open-source tool for interactive translation prediction (ITP) and describe its underlying architecture. ITP systems assist human translators by making context-based computer-generated suggestions as they type. Most of the ITP systems in literature are strongly coupled with a statistical machine translation system that is conveniently adapted to provide the suggestions. Our system, however, follows a resource-agnostic approach and suggestions are obtained from any unmodified black-box bilingual resource. This paper reviews our ITP method and describes the architecture of Forecat, a web tool, partly based on the recent technology of web components, that eases the use of our ITP approach in any web application requiring this kind of translation assistance. We also evaluate the performance of our method when using an unmodified Moses-based statistical machine translation system as the bilingual resource.
Seoseid puistu juurdekasvu ja koosseisu vahel hariliku männi (Pinus sylvestris L.) enamusega segametsades / Relationships between stand volume growth and composition in mixed stands dominated by Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
Authors: Lilleleht Ando 
Published: September 2014

Abstract.
Relationships between the volume growth of mixed stands and their species composition were analyzed in order to examine the so-called “mixture effect” on stand productivity. The influence of co-species was studied using multiple linear regression analysis. Stand level basal area and height growth models were constructed in order to find out which stand characteristics can be used to describe mixture-effects. The study material originates from the Estonian network of permanent forest growth plots, only stands consisting of mainly (≥ 50% of volume) Scots Pine with Norway spruce and/or Birch spp. as co-species were used. Sample size was 139 5-year measurement periods on 88 plots; stand ages range from 14 to 167 years. The study results indicate that an increasing proportion of birch in the stand causes a negative effect on both basal area and height growth. Spruce seems to be a weaker competitor than other pines as its trend in the model is positive. Also, height growth is more rapid when the mean diameter of spruce is smaller than that of pine. Species composition coefficients for co-species (calculated by standing volume) proved to be the most significant variables that describe stand composition in the models
Metsa lehepinnaindeksi kaardistamine lennukilidari, satelliidipiltide ja maapealsete mõõtmiste abil Järvselja VALERI testalal / Leaf area index mapping with airborne lidar, satellite images and ground measurements in Järvselja VALERI test site
Authors: Kodar Ave , Lang Mait , Arumäe Tauri , Eenmäe Alo , Pisek Jan , Nilson Tiit 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compile the leaf area index (LAI) map of a 3×3 km VALERI test site in Järvselja, Estonia. Canopy transmittance measurements of LAI by LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzers and digital cameras supplied with fisheye converters were carried out on 42 elementary sampling units at ground level and at breast height level. The vegetation LAI was estimated as a sum of the tree canopy true green LAI obtained from the inversion of canopy gap fraction data and of the ground vegetation effective LAI. Red channel from SPOT-4 HRV-IR image and airborne lidar data based canopy transmittance were used for up-scaling. The LAI map was compared with standard LAI products from Terra MODIS and ENVISAT MERIS. We found that lidar data based LAI estimate on up-scaled map saturated at high values (LAI > 4.5) compared to the LAI estimates based on SPOT-4 HRV-IR red channel. Validation of MODIS LAI product revealed substantial underestimates of LAI compared to the up-scaled field measurements and rather large random noise. ENVISAT MERIS LAI product was more similar to up-scaled field measurements; however, rather large unexpected random variations exist in its time series.
Evaluation of the basal area growth models in the Finnish stand simulator MOTTI with data from the Estonian network of permanent forest growth plots / Soome puistukasvusimulaatori MOTTI rinnaspindala juurdekasvumudelite prognoositäpsuse hindamine Eesti metsa kasvukäigu püsiproovitükkide võrgustiku mõõtmisandmete põhjal
Authors: Lilleleht Ando , Sims Allan , Kiviste Andres , Hynynen Jari , Lehtonen Mika 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Forest management has become a more complex issue than it has ever been before. Foresters need to fulfill the demands of several interest groups, often which are conflicting. Finding the balance between different management objectives can be facilitated with the use of decision support systems. Since no decision support systems have been developed in Estonia, the aim of this study is to assess the applicability of the Finnish stand growth simulator MOTTI in Estonia. The evaluation focuses on the basal area growth models; the data used originates from the Estonian network of permanent forest growth plots. Tree-level bias models were constructed for all major tree species in order to assess model performance. Also, bias was examined visually with the use of residual plots. Results show that bias levels and variables which contribute to bias differ by species. Based on the fit statistics of the bias models, Common aspen shows the highest bias level whereas the growth of Gray alder seems to be predicted most accurately. Although model performance is decent for a model that is used outside of its application limits, calibration should still be considered as a prerequisite to implement the MOTTI system in Estonian forestry practice.
Use of Misoprostol in the Management of Early Pregnancy Loss
Authors: Gurung G , Rana A , Baral J 
Published: September 2014

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of Misoprostol administered vaginally to assist complete evacuation in early pregnancy losses (incomplete abortion, missed abortion and blighted ovum). Methods: It is a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Ob/Gyn and Emergency Department Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital. All women with clinical/USG diagnosis of incomplete abortion, missed abortion and blighted ovum ≤12 weeks POG either from last menstrual period (LMP) or USG were inserted tab. misoprostol 800 mcg in the posterior fornix. Same dose was repeated when the evacuation was incomplete on day 3 of follow-up. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) was offered on day 14 if evacuation was incomplete or any complications like excessive bleeding/severe pain occurred during this period. Results: A hundred and thirty three women with incomplete/missed/blighted ovum were reported, of which 112 (84.3%) were analyzed as 21(15.7%) lost to follow up. Among the 112, 51 (45.5%) were incomplete abortion, 34(30.3%) blighted and 27 (24.1%) missed abortion. Complete evacuation was achieved in 98/112 (87.5%) cases [73 (65%) cases with single dose & 25(22.3%) with double doses]. Evacuation was failed in 14(12.5%) cases [incomplete abortion 6 (42%), blighted 7 (50%) & missed abortion 1 (7.1%)]. Failure for complete evacuation (n=14) related to gestational age: 10-12 weeks 9/14(64%), 7-9 weeks 5 (35%) and none in the ≤6 weeks. Although the plan was to evacuate on day 14 of follow-up for incomplete evacuation which was applicable only in 11(78.5%) cases, 3(21.5%) cases were surgically (MVA) treated beforehand (2 for excessive bleeding, 1 for severe pain). No severe complications and side effects requiring treatment were observed. Conclusions: Vaginal Misoprostol is proved to be effective and safe in cases of incomplete abortion, missed abortion and blighted ovum. In the cases that failed to achieve complete evacuation by medical means using misoprostol were subjected to surgical manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) on day 14 of follow-up. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11133 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 9-13
Non-descent Vaginal Hysterectomy: Safety and Feasibility
Authors: Saha R , Shrestha NS , Thapa M , Shrestha J , Bajracharya J , Padhye SM 
Published: September 2014

Aims: To assess safety and feasibility of non-descent vaginal hysterectomy. Methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2011. All the patients undergoing non -descent vaginal hysterectomy for benign indication, without suspected adnexal pathology were included in the study. Vaginal hysterectomy was done in usual manner. In bigger size uterus morcellation techniques like bisection, debulking, myomectomy, slicing, or combination of these were used to remove the uterus. Data regarding age, parity, uterine size ,estimated blood loss, length of operation, complication and hospital stay were recorded. Results: A total of 50 cases were selected for non-descent vaginal hysterectomy. Among them 43 cases successfully underwent non-descent vaginal hysterectomy. Commonest age group was (41-45 years) i.e. 40%. All patients were parous. Uterus size was <10 weeks in 27 cases and >10 weeks in 23 cases. Commonest indication was leiomyoma of uterus (63%). Mean duration of surgery was two hours. Mean blood loss was 205.26ml. Reasons for failure to perform NDVH was difficulty in opening pouch of Douglas in three cases. In rest of four cases there was difficulty in reaching the myoma and transverse diameter was too large so as to prevent descent of the uterus. The most common complication was post –operative pain in 23% of cases. Febrile morbidity was present in 4.6% of cases. Blood transfusion was required in seven cases. Average duration of hospital stay was three days. Conclusions: Vaginal hysterectomy for benign gynecological causes other than prolapse is safe and feasible. For successful outcome size of uterus, size in all dimensions and location of fibroid should be taken into consideration.Today in the era of minimally invasive surgery, non descent vaginal hysterectomy needs to be considered and seems to be a safe option. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11134 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 14-16
Missed Diagnosis of a Heterotopic Pregnancy with Tubal Rupture: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma B 
Published: September 2014

We report a combined intra-uterine and ruptured tubal pregnancy following ovulation induction by clomiphene citrate(CC).She was a 35 year old multigravida who presented with a ruptured tubal pregnancy and underwent right salphingectomy. Three months later, she presented with amenorrhea from the time of operation and an intra-uterine pregnancy was confirmed. Previous ultrasound at her initial presentation, did not reveal an intra-uterine pregnancy. The second ultrasound dating indicated that the intra-uterine conception had occurred before the tubal pregnancy was diagnosed. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for heterotopic pregnancy is needed in woman taking ovulation inducing drugs. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11142 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 40-42