bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Life Writing and the Victorians
Authors: Broughton Trev 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter uses Margaret Oliphant’s work on a biography of the deposed Church of Scotland preacher Edward Irving (1792–1834) as a case study in the professionalization of Life writing in the nineteenth century. It points to some of the literary developments and fashions that made biography popular despite its tendency to over-respectful, hyper-respectable treatment of its subjects. It charts some of the challenges and opportunities biographical evidence and research afforded, including the chance to probe the conventions of gender. It argues that biography offered a space in which authors—including authors outside the academy—could participate in the writing of the past and in the representation of local and national identities, as well as in the ongoing discussion about heroes and their role in Victorian culture.
Globalization and Economics
Authors: Çelikkol Ayşe 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Facing rapid capitalist expansion in the nineteenth century, Britons reflected on the webs of commercial exchange in which they were embedded. Focusing on John Stuart Mill’s notion of the perpetual reproduction of capital alongside literary forms and tropes (Gothicism, mythological imagery, the theme of speculation, and treasure-hunt plots), this essay explores Victorian global consciousness. The past employment of slave labour in the colonies haunted the Victorians, who were also increasingly alarmed by finance capitalism’s reliance on abstractions. Cosmopolitan sympathy for the nation’s trading partners flourished in literature alongside the effort to obscure the foreign sources of the nation’s wealth.
Qualitative Research in Music Education
Authors: Matsunobu Koji , Bresler Liora 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Qualitative research is an umbrella term for a wide array of genres. Recognizing the differences in intellectual traditions, purposes, units of analysis, and foci of qualitative research, this chapter examines the shared assumptions within qualitative inquiry, its broad goals, key concepts, general characteristics, and methods. The epistemological, methodological, and ethical underpinnings of qualitative research are discussed through current research examples in music education. Central to the discussion is reflexive, recursive, responsive, and collaborative aspects of qualitative research, as well as its emergent research design and interpretive process. Related issues to be discussed are the criteria of process and product, including trustworthiness and validity of interpretation, the situated nature of the researcher, subjectivity, the role of senses, and empathetic, case-specific understanding. We also discuss how the processes and characteristics of music and sound can inform the ways we conduct and think of qualitative research.
Case Study in Music Education
Authors: Barrett Janet R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses the widespread prevalence of case studies and the role they play in music education research. It has five goals: to address divergent definitions of case study; to represent key dimensions of case studies drawn from these definitions in a diagram; to address common criticisms and misconceptions related to tensions between theoretical and context-dependent knowledge, generalizability, and rigor; to apply resulting analytical insights to select case studies drawn from music education journals; and to propose avenues for improving the overall impact and utility of case studies within music education based on their particularity and complexity.
Phenomenological Research in Music Education
Authors: Hourigan Ryan M. , Edgar Scott N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Phenomenology is at the heart of all qualitative exploration. This chapter considers the foundations of phenomenology, phenomenological inquiry in general, as well as music education. In addition, the potential uses of phenomenology in music education research are explored in order to identify models of phenomenological inquiry for future use in music education. A methodological and philosophical clarification is considered to show how the phenomenological lens can be used to interpret the lived experience of all participants, including the researcher, as well as suggestions for future uses of phenomenology in music education.
Narrative Inquiry and the Uses of Narrative in Music Education Research
Authors: Stauffer Sandra L. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Narrative inquiry is a relatively recent edition to qualitative scholarship, related to the narrative turn in social science research. Three distinct pathways to narrative are summarized in the first half of this chapter: narrative knowing as described by Jerome Bruner; narrative inquiry as described by F. Jean Clandinin and Michael Connelly; and critical storytelling as described by Tom Barone. Descriptions of each pathway include theoretical underpinnings as well as examples of studies from various disciplines, including music education, in which authors claim narrative inquiry or make use of narrative techniques. The second half of the chapter includes descriptions of five markers or characteristics of narrative scholarship and the tensions within those markers given the three narrative pathways and the diverse uses of narrative by scholars in the social sciences. Comments on assessing narrative scholarship conclude the chapter.
Mixed Methods Research in Music Education
Authors: Fitzpatrick Kate R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter discusses the use of qualitative research within mixed methods studies in music education. The chapter begins with a definition of mixed methods research, followed by a discussion of the emergence of mixed methods research in music education. An overview of the basic foundations of mixed methods research is then presented, including a description of mixed methods philosophical foundations, purposes, designs, and strategies for data integration. Then, in alignment with the purpose of this book, the final part of the chapter raises issues for consideration within the qualitative research community regarding the emergence of mixed methods research in music education.
Inservice Music Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Conway Colleen M. , Edgar Scott N. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This chapter reviews the qualitative studies within music education that have examined music teacher professional development. Professional development is defined in the opening of the chapter and then studies are presented within the broad categories of (a) professional development of beginning music teachers and (b) professional development of experienced music teachers. The beginning teacher section includes: (a) challenges faced by beginning music teachers and (b) supporting beginning music teachers in mentoring and induction. The experienced teacher section includes: (a) communities of practice, (b) music-making as professional development, (c) graduate school as professional development, and (d) action research/teacher research as professional development. The final section of the chapter addresses research on the music teacher career cycle.
Crime Policies of Small Countries
Authors: Hamilton Claire 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article discusses crime policy in small jurisdictions which to date have been underexamined in the criminological literature. In Section I, arguments concerning the dynamics of small-scale systems and the manner in which elite networks operating within them can act to resist larger transformative processes are discussed. In Section II, the impact of country size on penal policy is examined in more detail, with a view to assessing whether it can act as a protective factor against punitiveness. In Section III, the limits of macro-level accounts of punitiveness are explored through a number of small-country case studies.
Liver Involvement in the Hispanic Population of North America With Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Wagener Jeffrey S. , Woo Marlyn S. , Pasta David J. , Konstan Michael W. , Morgan Wayne J. ,   Investigators and Coordinators of the Epidemiologic Study of Cystic Fibrosis
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present article was to determine the prevalence of liver involvement in Hispanic patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and identify associations with age and severity of liver involvement.Methods:We used 1994–2005 Epidemiologic Study of CF data to compare abnormal liver findings between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic white patients with CF.Results:Of 30,727 patients with CF, 5015 had liver involvement. Of 1957 Hispanic patients, 20.8% had liver involvement compared with 16.0% of 28,770 non‐Hispanic white patients (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23–1.54). This higher prevalence of liver involvement persisted after adjusting for demographics and meconium ileus and was especially high in the first year of life (adjusted OR 3.14, 95% CI 2.27–4.35). Ten percent of infants with only elevated liver enzymes progressed to more severe liver disease.Conclusions:The Hispanic population with CF has more liver involvement (both elevated liver enzymes and clinical liver disease) than the non‐Hispanic white population with CF, especially during the first year of life.
Auxin Input Pathway Disruptions Are Mitigated by Changes in Auxin Biosynthetic Gene Expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Spiess Gretchen M. , Hausman Amanda , Yu Peng , Cohen Jerry D. , Rampey Rebekah A. , Zolman Bethany K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAuxin is a phytohormone involved in cell elongation and division. Levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the primary auxin, are tightly regulated through biosynthesis, degradation, sequestration, and transport. IAA is sequestered in reversible processes by adding amino acids, polyol or simple alcohols, or sugars, forming IAA conjugates, or through a two-carbon elongation forming indole-3-butyric acid. These sequestered forms of IAA alter hormone activity. To gain a better understanding of how auxin homeostasis is maintained, we have generated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants that combine disruptions in the pathways, converting IAA conjugates and indole-3-butyric acid to free IAA. These mutants show phenotypes indicative of low auxin levels, including delayed germination, abnormal vein patterning, and decreased apical dominance. Root phenotypes include changes in root length, root branching, and root hair growth. IAA levels are reduced in the cotyledon tissue but not meristems or hypocotyls. In the combination mutants, auxin biosynthetic gene expression is increased, particularly in the YUCCA/Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis1 pathway, providing a feedback mechanism that allows the plant to compensate for changes in IAA input pathways and maintain cellular homeostasis.
Comparative pollination biology in two sympatric varieties of Cypripedium macranthos (Orchidaceae) on Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Sugiura Naoto , Takahashi Hideki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCypripedium macranthos sensu lato typically has purple‐pink flowers with no nectar and harvestable pollen. On Rebun Island, Hokkaido, Japan, purple‐pink‐flowered C. macranthos var. macranthos individuals rarely grow among numerous pale‐cream‐flowered C. macranthos var. rebunense plants. In both varieties, flower size is similar, their flowering periods completely overlap, and they share the same pollinator (Bombus pseudobaicalensis). However, in only one of 12 years from 2001 to 2012 did var. macranthos attain an annual fruit‐set ratio (an estimate of pollination success) higher than that of sympatric var. rebunense plants. These findings strongly suggest that in C. macranthos on Rebun Island, flower color results in the differential pollination success, because the pollinator prefers pale‐cream Cypripedium flowers and/or avoids purple‐pink ones, thereby producing pollinator‐mediated selection favoring pale‐cream flowers.
The Old SardinianCondaghes: a syntactic study
Authors: Wolfe Sam 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article presents findings of a syntactic study of two Old Sardinian legal documents. It is proposed that Old Sardinian had a verb‐initial syntax, which at face value appears quite distinct from the verb‐second (V2) syntax reported elsewhere in Old Romance. It is suggested, however, that this verb‐initial order is derived by V‐to‐C movement, a feature which is inherited from late Latin and represents a synchronic point of continuity in the syntax of Old Romance varieties. Old Sardinian matrix clauses show evidence for a rich set of left peripheral projections to which subjects can raise, leading to anSVO/VSOalternation which is sensitive to the information structure of the subject constituent in question. There is no direct evidence for these discourse‐related projections in the C‐layer in embedded contexts, leading to a strictVSOword order and suggesting that Old Sardinian may have an impoverished embedded left periphery.
Geminate reduction and high vowel syncope in West Saxon weak past participles
Authors: Scott Penelope Jane 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHigh vowel syncope, when applying in Old English past participles, is expected only to affect those that (a) contain a heavy root syllable, and (b) are inflected. However, numerous exceptions are noted in traditional handbooks (e.g. Campbell 1959). In particular, West Saxon displays a process by which high vowel syncope over‐applies in weak Class 1 past participles with roots ending in t/d, with deletion occurring after light syllables, as in settan ‘set’ set+ed+um(Past.Part.Dat.) ➝ settum, and also in uninflected participles: seted ➝ sett. The root‐final dental and the stem‐forming ‐ed come together following deletion to form a geminate: lǣded+e ‘led’ ➝ lǣdde. However, phonological pressures cause the geminates to be simplified in certain environments. This paper focuses on the interaction of high vowel syncope and degemination, and aims to provide a synchronic account of both processes, arguing that deletion in dental‐final forms is in fact not merely the extension of high vowel syncope. The paper also challenges the view that final geminates are merely orthographic in Old English. The analysis, which is formed within Optimality Theory (OT), is supported by newly collected data for the West Saxon past participles, which are taken from Cosijn's Altwestsächsische Grammatik glossary (1888).
Meta‐analysis of prospective studies on the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus 对食用坚果对高血压和2型糖尿病的影响的前瞻性研究进行的meta分析
Authors: Guo Kai , Zhou Zhiwen , Jiang Yibo , Li Wei , Li Yigang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundInconclusive reports have been published on the consumption of nuts and the risk of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We performed a meta‐analysis of prospective studies to assess the effects of nut consumption on hypertension and T2DM risks.MethodsA PUBMED and EMBASE database search was performed. Summary relative risks (SRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random‐effects model. Q and I2 statistics were used to examine between‐study heterogeneity.ResultsA total of eight articles with nine prospective cohort studies (three hypertension studies and six T2DM studies) were selected. Using random effects models, we found that compared with never/rare consumers of nuts, those consuming >2 servings per week had an 8% lower risk of hypertension (SRR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.97, P heterogeneity = 0. 590, I2 = 0%), while consumption of nuts at one serving per week had similar risk (SRR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.83–1.13). In addition, nuts consumption was not associated with risk of T2DM (SRRs = 0. 98, 95% CI: 0.84–1.15; Pheterogeneity = 0. 008, I2 = 67.7%) on the basis of the highest versus lowest analysis. This null association was also shown in the dose‐response analysis.ConclusionFindings from this meta‐analysis indicate that consumption of nuts (>2 servings/week) may be inversely associated with hypertension risk, but not with T2DM risk.
The prefrontal dysfunction in individuals with Internet gaming disorder: a meta‐analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies
Authors: Meng Yajing , Deng Wei , Wang Huiyao , Guo Wanjun , Li Tao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWith the advancement in high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology and automated analysis, studies on functional MRI (fMRI) made it possible to identify the functional activity of brain in vivo in individuals with Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and to explore the underpinning neuroscience basis of IGD. Yet, no available literature has systemically reviewed the fMRI studies of IGD using meta‐analyses. This study reviewed 61 candidate articles and finally selected 10 qualified voxel‐wise whole‐brain analysis studies for performing a comprehensive series of meta‐analyses employing effect size signed differential mapping approach. Compared with healthy controls, subjects with IGD showed a significant activation in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and the left cingulate gyrus, as well as the left medial temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus. Furthermore, the on‐line time of IGD subjects was positively correlated with activations in the left MFG and the right cingulated gyrus. These findings implicate the important role of dysfunctional prefrontal lobe in the neuropathological mechanism of IGD. Considering the overlapped role of prefrontal lobe in the reward and self‐regulatory system, our results provided supportive evidence for the reclassification of IGD as a behavioural addiction.
New method for viewing Krehbiel flow by polymethylmethacrylate particles suspended in fluorescein solution
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko , Ohta Kiyohiko , Shiraishi Atsushi , Sakane Yuri , Zheng Xiaodong , Kamao Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Yasuaki , Inoue Yasushi , Ohashi Yuichi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the changes in the tear flow velocities caused by ageing.MethodsNinety‐nine subjects (41 men, mean age 48.3 ± 20.7 years) were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmology of the Ehime University Hospital. None of the subjects had serious abnormalities of the external surface of the eye. The Krehbiel flow of tears was determined by 40‐μm polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads suspended in a fluorescein sodium solution (PPF). The movement of the beads was video recorded through a slit‐lamp during normal blinking. The flow of the beads was determined with a Motion analyzer®software (KEYENCE Co., Osaka, Japan). The velocity of the beads in young age, 20–40 years, middle age, 41–60 years and old age, ≥61 years, groups was determined.ResultsThe equation describing the velocity (mm/second) of the PMMA particles as a function of age in the lower tear meniscus measured in the direction of the lacrimal punctum was Y = 2.49−0.04X, where Y = velocity and X = age (r2 = 0.214; p < 0.0001). For the upper meniscus, the equation was Y = 4.83−0.05X (r2 = 0.195, p < 0.0001). The average velocity was 0.70 ± 1.66 mm/second in the lower and 2.16 ± 1.93 mm/second in the upper tear meniscus (p < 0.0001). The particle velocity decreased significantly with increasing age, but no significant difference between the male and female groups except for the lower tear meniscus when all subjects were analysed.ConclusionThe PPF technique is a simple method of examining Krehbiel flow of tears and may be used for evaluating functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction quantitatively.
Using a prescribed fire to test custom and standard fuel models for fire behaviour prediction in a non‐native, grass‐invaded tropical dry shrubland
Authors: Pierce Andrew D. , McDaniel Sierra , Wasser Mark , Ainsworth Alison , Litton Creighton M. , Giardina Christian P. , Cordell Susan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractQuestionsDo fuel models developed for North American fuel types accurately represent fuel beds found in non‐native, grass‐invaded tropical dry shrublands? Do standard or custom fuel models used in fire behaviour models with in situ or remote automated weather stations (RAWS) measured fuel moistures affect the accuracy of predicted fire behaviour in grass‐invaded tropical shrublands?LocationHawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawai'i, USA.MethodsPre‐fire fuel loads of coarse woody debris, live herbaceous and live woody fuel loads were quantified with Brown's transects and biomass sampling to create a custom fuel model for non‐native grass‐invaded tropical dry shrublands in Hawai'i. In situ fuel moistures were quantified using oven‐dried vegetation samples, and compared to RAWS estimated fuel moistures. Fire behaviour was recorded on a stationary video camera to quantify flame length (FL) and rate of spread (ROS). Observed fire behaviour was compared to BehavePlus predicted fire behaviour parameterized with both standard and customized fuel models, and in situ and RAWS‐based estimates of fuel moisture.ResultsThe custom fuel model and measured fuel moistures performed better than most standard models, but over‐predicted actual ROS and top decile FL by 29% and 26%, respectively. The best match between observed and modelled fire behaviour came from a standard fuel model for shrublands with a grassy matrix (23% under‐prediction for ROS and 9% under‐prediction for FL) using measured fuel moistures. Using fuel moistures and wind speeds estimated from the nearest RAWS station (5 km from the fire) substantially decreased prediction accuracy of the custom fuel model and increased its relative error to 71% over‐prediction of ROS and 45% over‐prediction of FL.ConclusionsFire behaviour in at least some tropical fuel beds can be accurately modelled using certain standard or custom fuel models. Standard fuel models should not be applied uncritically to systems outside of North America, as our comparison showed widely ranging accuracy across six standard models. In addition, the current reliance on RAWS data for meteorological inputs to predict fire behaviour in the tropics, especially in the US‐affiliated tropical Pacific, must be used with caution. Instead, field‐measured fuel moistures should be used when possible.
Innovations in Practice: Piloting electronic session‐by‐session monitoring in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a preliminary study
Authors: Hall Charlotte L. , Moldavsky Maria , Taylor John , Marriott Michael , Goodman Robert , Sayal Kapil , Hollis Chris 
Published: June 2014

BackgroundRecent UK initiatives have advocated the use of session‐by‐session outcome measurement in CAMHS. However, little is known about the feasibility of this approach.MethodThe PROMPT study (Patient Reported Outcome Monitoring Progress Tracker) piloted an iPad administered brief session‐by‐session measure (S × S) related to the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire impact supplement in three CAMHS teams. We report adherence to electronic S × S monitoring and a preliminary analysis of sensitivity to change.ResultsAdherence to S × S was 57%, which is higher than the completion rates for the standard set of outcome measures usually completed by clinicians and young people. S × S showed some sensitivity to change.ConclusionsSession‐by‐session monitoring in CAMHS is worthy of further pursuit.