bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melt infiltration into quartzite during partial melting in the Little Cottonwood Contact Aureole (UT, USA): implication for xenocryst formation
Authors: WOHLERS A. , BAUMGARTNER L. P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMelt infiltration into quartzite took place due to generation and migration of partial melts within the high‐grade metamorphic rocks of the Big Cottonwood (BC) formation in the Little Cottonwood contact aureole (UT, USA). Melt was produced by muscovite and biotite dehydration melting reactions in the BC formation, which contains pelite and quartzite interlayered on a centimetre to decimetre scale. In the migmatite zone, melt extraction from the pelites resulted in restitic schollen surrounded byK‐feldspar‐enriched quartzite. Melt accumulation occurred in extensional or transpressional domains such as boudin necks, veins and ductile shear zones, during intrusion‐related deformation in the contact aureole. The transition between the quartzofeldspathic segregations and quartzite shows a gradual change in texture. Here, thinK‐feldspar rims surround single, round quartz grains. The textures are interpreted as melt infiltration texture. Pervasive melt infiltration into the quartzite induced widening of the quartz–quartz grain boundaries, and led to progressive isolation of quartz grains. First as clusters of grains, and with increasing infiltration as single quartz grains in theK‐feldspar‐rich matrix of the melt segregation. A 3D–μCT reconstruction showed that melt formed an interconnected network in the quartzites. Despite abundant macroscopic evidence for deformation in the migmatite zone, individual quartz grains found in quartzofeldspathic segregations have a rounded crystal shape and lack quartz crystallographic orientation, as documented with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Water‐rich melts, similar to pegmatitic melts documented in this field study, were able to infiltrate the quartz network and disaggregate grain coherency of the quartzites. The proposed mechanism can serve as a model to explain abundant xenocrysts found in magmatic systems.
Fluid record of rock exhumation across the brittle–ductile transition during formation of a Metamorphic Core Complex (Naxos Island, Cyclades, Greece)
Authors: SIEBENALLER L. , BOIRON M. ‐C. , VANDERHAEGHE O. , HIBSCH C. , JESSELL M. W. , ANDRE‐MAYER A. ‐S. , FRANCE‐LANORD C. , PHOTIADES A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFluid inclusions trapped in quartz veins hosted by a leucogneiss from the southern part of the Naxos Metamorphic Core Complex (Attic‐Cycladic‐Massif, Greece) were studied to determine the evolution of the fluid record of metamorphic rocks during their exhumation across the ductile/brittle transition. Three sets of quartz veins (V‐M2, V‐BD & V‐B) are distinguished. The V‐M2 and V‐BD are totally or, respectively, partially transposed into the foliation of the leucogneiss. They formed by hydrofracturing alternating with ductile deformation accommodated by crystal‐plastic deformation. The V‐B is discordant to the foliation and formed by fracturing during exhumation without subsequent ductile transposition. Fluids trapped during crystal–plastic deformation comprise two very distinct fluid types, namely a CO2‐rich fluid and a high‐salinity brine, that are interpreted to represent immiscible fluids generated from metamorphic reactions and the crystallization of magmas respectively. They were initially trapped at ∼625 °C and 400 MPa and then remobilized during subsequent ductile deformation resulting in various degrees of mixing of the two end‐members with later trapping conditions of ∼350 °C and 140 MPa. In contrast, brittle microcracks contain aqueous fluids trapped at 250 °C and 80 MPa. All veins display a similar δ13C pointing to carbon that was trapped at depth and then preserved in the fluid inclusions throughout the exhumation history. In contrast, the δD signature is marked by a drastic difference between (i) V‐M2 and V‐BD veins that are dominated by carbonic, aqueous‐carbonic and high‐salinity fluids of metamorphic and magmatic origin characterized by δD between −56‰ and −66‰, and (ii) V‐B veins that are dominated by aqueous fluids of meteoric origin characterized by δD between −40‰ and −46‰. The retrograde P–T pathway implies that the brittle/ductile transition separates two structurally, chemically and thermally distinct fluid reservoirs, namely (i) the ductile crust into which fluids originating from crystallizing magmas and fluids in equilibrium with metamorphic rocks circulate through a geothermal gradient of 30 °C km−1 at lithostatic pressure, and (ii) the brittle upper crust through which meteoric fluids percolate through a high geothermal gradient of 55 °C km−1 at hydrostatic pressure.
Identification of Colletotrichum Species Causing Bitter Rot of Apple and Pear in Croatia
Authors: Ivic Dario , Voncina Darko , Sever Zdravka , Simon Silvio , Pejic Ivan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSymptoms of bitter rot were observed on apple and pear fruits in the field and in storage in Croatia between 2009 and 2011. Fifteen Colletotrichum isolates from apple and two from pear were collected and identified by sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ten isolates from apple and two isolates from pear could be identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae, five isolates from apple were clustered in Colletotrichum clavatum, while one isolate was in the Colletotrichum acutatum A7 group. All isolates caused typical bitter rot symptoms when inoculated on apple and pear fruits.
Daytime course of sleepiness in de novo Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Giganti Fiorenza , Ramat Silvia , Zilli Iole , Guidi Sara , Raglione Laura Maria , Sorbi Sandro , Salzarulo Piero 
Published: November 2012

SummaryNormal subjects show an increase of sleepiness in the morning, early afternoon and before sleep. In the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) the mean level of sleepiness is quite high, while with respect to healthy subjects it seems to be unchanged in the early stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time–course of the sleepiness level during the wakefulness period in untreated patients with early‐stage Parkinson's disease. Eighteen Parkinson's disease patients who had never been treated before with dopaminergic drugs (male = 9, female = 9, age: 68.39 ± 1.89, mean ± standard error) and 18 healthy subjects (male = 9, female = 9, age: 67.22 ± 1.98) were recruited for this study. All subjects underwent continuous actigraphic recording for three consecutive days, during which they also completed the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) once an hour throughout wakefulness. Our results showed a higher level of sleepiness in the patients than the controls in the hours following awakening and in the early afternoon, specifically at 08:00 and 14:00 hours (08:00 hours, PD patients, KSS: 3 ± 0.3 versus healthy subjects, KSS: 2 ± 0.2, P < 0.05; 14:00 hours, PD patients, KSS: 4.4 ± 0.5 versus healthy subjects, KSS: 3 ± 0.3, P < 0.05). We suggest that some daytime hours are sensitive windows showing the first increase of sleepiness which will spread later to the whole daytime.
Shiftworkers report worse sleep than day workers, even in retirement
Authors: Monk Timothy H. , Buysse Daniel J. , Billy Bart D. , Fletcher Mary E. , Kennedy Kathy S. , Begley Amy E. , Schlarb Janet E. , Beach Scott R. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe aim of this study was to explore how the level of shiftwork exposure during an individual's working life might be related to subjectively reported sleep quality and timing during retirement. Telephone interviews regarding past employment and sleep timing and quality (among other variables) were conducted using a pseudo‐random age‐targeted sampling process. Subjective sleep quality was assessed using a telephone version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Timing of reported habitual bedtimes and rise‐times were assessed using the Sleep Timing Questionnaire. Questions measuring morningness and subjective health were also given. Retired seniors (aged >65 years, n = 1113) were studied. Analysis was by analysis of variance, with shiftwork exposure in three bins [0 (n = 387), 1–15 (n = 371) and >15 years (n = 355)], gender (n = 634 male, 479 female) and former occupation [in two broad categories, ‘managerial’ (n = 437) versus ‘other’ (n = 676)] as factors. In retired shiftworkers, relative to retired day workers, past exposure to shiftwork was associated with higher (worse) PSQI scores by 1.0 units (1–15 years) and 0.6 units (>15 years) (main effect P = 0.005). There were also main effects of gender and former occupation (males and managerials reporting better sleep), but neither variable interacted with shiftwork exposure. The timing of current mean habitual bedtimes and rise‐times (and also the variance around them) were very similar for the three shiftwork exposure groups. The shiftwork exposure effect did not appear to be mediated by either morningness or current health. Prior exposure to shiftwork would appear to be related to currently reported sleep problems during retirement.
Cirrhosis is associated with development of tolerance to cardiac chronotropic effect of endotoxin in rats
Authors: Jazaeri Farahnaz , Tavangar Seyed M. , Ghazi‐Khansari Mahmoud , Khorramizadeh Mohammad R. , Mani Ali R. , Dehpour Ahmad R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/AimsSepsis is a common complication of cirrhosis with a high mortality. Cirrhosis is associated with cardiac chronotropic and inotropic dysfunction, which is known as cirrhotic cardiomyopathy and might be linked to endotoxaemia. This study was aimed to explore the hypothesis that the inflammatory response induced by administration of low dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbates cardiac chronotropic dysfunction in cirrhotic rats; and if so, whether this is associated with altered cardiac toll‐like receptor expression.MethodsCirrhosis was induced by surgical ligation of the bile duct in male Wister rats. Four weeks after bile duct ligation or sham surgery, the subjects were given intraperitoneal injection of either saline or LPS (0.1 mg/kg). Five hours after LPS injection, the atria were isolated and spontaneously beating rate and chronotropic responsiveness to β‐adrenergic stimulation was assessed using standard organ bath. The expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) was assessed the atria using immunohistochemistry as well as quantitative RT‐PCR.ResultsLPS injection could induce a significant hypo‐responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation in sham‐operated rats. However, in cirrhotic rats, the chronotropic responses did not change after acute injection of LPS. Immunohistochemical study showed that TLR4 is mainly expressed in the myocardium in control atria and its expression is markedly decreased in myocardial layer following chronic bile duct ligation.ConclusionOur data showed that cirrhosis is associated with development of tolerance to cardiac chronotropic effect of LPS in rats and this might be caused by altered localization of TLR4 in myocardium.
A 24‐week dietary and physical activity lifestyle intervention reduces hepatic insulin resistance in the obese with chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Pattullo Venessa , Duarte‐Rojo Andres , Soliman Wael , Vargas‐Vorackova Florencia , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Fantus Ivan G. , Allard Johane , Heathcote Jenny 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/AimsObesity‐ and virus‐mediated insulin resistance (IR) are associated with adverse hepatic and metabolic outcomes in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). This study evaluates the tolerability and effects of a dietary and physical activity (PA) intervention in obese patients with insulin‐resistant CHC.MethodsObese patients (body mass index, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) with CHC were recruited prospectively. Non‐diabetic patients with IR (homeostasis model assessment of IR, HOMA‐IR >2.0) proceeded to a 24‐week lifestyle intervention comprising pedometer monitored increase in PA (≥10 000 steps/day) and an individualised dietary plan.ResultsTen non‐cirrhotic and six cirrhotic patients [age 52 ± 8.5 years, BMI 35.9 (31.46–38.21)kg/m2] were recruited, of whom all 16 (100%) completed the 24‐week protocol. Increase in PA from 6853 (2440–9533) to 10 697 (7959–13566) steps/day (P = 0.001) and reduction in caloric intake from 2263 (1805.4–2697.0) to 1281 (1099.5–1856.3) kcal/day (equivalent to reduction of median 33% (25.3–49.8%), P < 0.001) were achieved. These behaviour changes led to a BMI reduction to 31.21 (28.72–36.10) (P < 0.001) and the HOMA‐IR fell from 3.62 (2.75–4.87) to 2.08 (1.82–3.59) (P = 0.002). The hepatic insulin sensitivity index (ISI) improved significantly, but the skeletal muscle ISI did not. At week 24, 8/16 (50%) patients were no longer insulin‐resistant (P = 0.008).ConclusionsThis 24‐week intervention reduced BMI and reversed IR in significant proportion of patients. Such adjunctive therapy may improve hepatic and metabolic status in obese insulin‐resistant CHC.
A family of secreted pathogenesis‐related proteins in Candida albicans
Authors: Röhm M. , Lindemann E. , Hiller E. , Ermert D. , Lemuth K. , Trkulja D. , Sogukpinar O. , Brunner H. , Rupp S. , Urban C. F. , Sohn K. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAnalysing culture supernatants of yeast and hyphal cells of Candida albicans, we found two close homologues of pathogenesis‐related (PR‐) 1 proteins, Rbe1p and Rbt4p, in the secretome. Due to sequence homology, three additional, yet not characterized open reading frames, ORF19.6200, ORF19.2787 and ORF19.2336, together with RBE1 and RBT4 were assigned to a novel family of CaPRY proteins. In a Δrbe1/Δrbt4 deletion strain, genome‐wide transcriptional analysis revealed differential transcription of only a limited set of genes implicated in virulence and oxidative stress response. Single deletion of RBE1 or RBT4 in a clinical C. albicans isolate resulted in a moderate but significant attenuation in virulence in a mouse model for disseminated candidiasis. However, a synergistic effect was observed in a Δrbe1/Δrbt4 double deletion strain, where virulence was strongly affected. Remarkably, transcription of RBT4 and RBE1 was each upregulated in blastospores of Δrbe1 or hyphae of Δrbt4 deletion strains respectively, indicating functional complementation thereby compensating a potential virulence defect in the single deletion strains. Furthermore, the double deletion strain showed increased sensitivity to attack by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Therefore, the crucial contribution of both C. albicans pathogenesis‐related proteins to virulence might be vested in protection against phagocyte attack.
Family‐based models for childhood‐obesity intervention: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sung‐Chan P. , Sung Y. W. , Zhao X. , Brownson R. C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryEffective interventions are needed to address the growing epidemic of childhood obesity. In the past 35 years, family‐based approach has gradually developed as a preferred intervention. This review aimed to examine the methodological rigour and treatment effectiveness of family‐based interventions according to intervention types and theoretical orientations. A total of 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of family‐based lifestyle interventions for children and adolescents aged 2–19 years were included. The adapted Methodological Quality Rating Scales (MQRS) and a four‐grade qualitative scoring scheme were adopted to evaluate the methodological rigour and the effectiveness of treatment, respectively. The average MQRS score was 7.93 out of 14 points. Ten of the 15 RCTs had well aligned their research questions with appropriate research methods. The overall short‐term outcome of the15 RCTs were satisfactory with an average score of 3.1. Family‐based interventions rooted in behaviour theory achieved better results than those theoretically connected to family systems theory in terms of treatment effectiveness. Results suggest future studies to improve the methodological design and continue to explore the potential of the family systems approach.
Effect of short‐term propofol administration on pancreatic enzymes and lipid biochemistry in children between 1 month and 36 months
Authors: Chauhan Munish , Garg Ashish , Bharadwaj Avnish 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundUse of propofol in pediatric age group has been marred by reports of its adverse effects like hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis, although a causal relation has not yet been established.ObjectivesThis prospective, clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of short‐term propofol administration on serum lipid profile and serum pancreatic enzymes in children of ASA physical status I and II aged between 1 month and 36 months.MethodsAnesthesia was induced with Propofol (1%) in the dose of 3 mg·kg−1 intravenously and was maintained by propofol infusion (0.5%) at the rate of 12 mg·kg−1·h−1 for the first 20 min and at 8 mg·kg−1·h−1 thereafter. The mean dose of propofol administered was 12.02 ± 2.75 mg·kg−1 (fat load of 120.2 ± 27.5 mg·kg−1). Lipid profile, serum amylase, and lipase were measured before induction of anesthesia, at 90 min, 4 h, and finally 24 h after induction.ResultsSerum lipase levels (P < 0.05), serum triglyceride levels (P < 0.05), and serum very low‐density lipoproteins VLDL levels (P < 0.05) were raised significantly after propofol administration from baseline although remained within normal limits. Serum cholesterol levels and serum low‐density lipoproteins LDL levels showed a statistically significant fall over 24 h. No significant changes in serum pancreatic amylase levels were seen (P > 0.05). None of the patients developed any clinical features of pancreatitis in the postoperative period.ConclusionWe conclude that despite a small, transient increase in serum triglycerides and pancreatic enzymes, short‐term propofol administration in recommended dosages in children of ASA status I and II aged between 1 month and 36 months does not produce any clinically significant effect on serum lipids and pancreatic enzymes.
Response of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to coffee waste application on a humid tropical sandy soil
Authors: Kasongo R. K. , Verdoodt A. , Kanyankogote P. , Baert G. , Van Ranst E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the effect of coffee waste (CW) application on growth and mineral nutrition of Italian ryegrass in a tropical Arenosol. Dry CW was applied at three rates (5, 10, 20 t/ha) and thoroughly mixed with topsoil (0–25 cm), placed in pots and seeded with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) according to a completely randomized design with six replicates. The application of CW greatly stimulated uptake of Ca, Mg, K, N and P, resulting in a significantly increased dry matter (DM) production over three consecutive cropping cycles. DM increases of at least 52, 87 and 81% compared with the unamended controls were obtained for the first, second and third cuts, respectively. Soil analysis after cultivation found that all CW‐amended soils still contained available macronutrients (Ca, Mg, K, N), which could produce residual effects in subsequent crops. Furthermore, CW application increased soil pH owing to its liming effect. This brought about an increase in cation exchange capacity with substantial reduction in phytotoxic Al and a decrease in availability of a number of metals (Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe) and significantly reduced their uptake by ryegrass. The study reveals a high potential of CW to improve the fertility of sandy soils in the humid tropics.
Donation by donors with an atypical pulse rate does not increase the risk of cardiac ischaemic events
Authors: Germain M. , Delage G. , Grégoire Y. , Robillard P. 
Published: November 2012

Background and Objectives  In many jurisdictions, blood donors who have an atypical pulse rate are temporarily deferred. This practice is not supported by evidence. We evaluated whether accepting donors with an atypical pulse rate increases their risk of cardiac ischaemic events.Methods  We measured the cumulative incidence of hospitalizations and deaths for coronary heart disease within 1 year of follow‐up among donors who, between 2002 and 2006, were temporarily deferred because of an atypical pulse (<50 beats/min, >100 beats/min, or irregular). We compared this incidence to that observed among donors who also had an atypical pulse but who were allowed to donate, following a change in our deferral policy in 2007. The occurrence of cardiac events was determined through hospital discharge and death registries.Results  Among 6076 donors who were temporarily deferred for an atypical pulse, the 1‐year rate of hospitalization or death for cardiac ischaemic events was 3·5/1000, compared to 2·4 in donors who had an atypical pulse but who were allowed to donate (n = 10 671), for an adjusted odds ratio of 1·7 (95% CI, 0·9–3·0, P = 0·08).Conclusion  Regardless of the clinical significance of an atypical pulse rate, our data show that accepting donors with this condition does not increase the occurrence of serious cardiac ischaemic events. We conclude that pulse rate measurement in prospective donors is not warranted.
Acquisition of Meningococcal Serogroup W-135 Carriage in Turkish Hajj Pilgrims Who Had Received the Quadrivalent Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine
Authors: Ceyhan M. , Celik M. , Demir E. T. , Gurbuz V. , Aycan A. E. , Unal S. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT
Invasive meningococcal disease is a recognized public health problem worldwide, with a dynamic and changeable epidemiology. In Turkey, the second most common pathogenic meningococcal serogroup (after serogroup B) is W-135, including an epidemic in 2005, which has been strongly associated with Hajj pilgrims and their close contacts. In two studies conducted in 2010, we assessed meningococcal carriage in intending Turkish pilgrims to the Hajj when they attended to receive a plain polysaccharide vaccine against serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y and, upon their return, to determine the acquisition of meningococcal carriage by the pilgrims themselves and subsequently their household contacts. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from pilgrims before the Hajj and upon their return. Swabs were then obtained from 39 household contacts of pilgrims who were shown to have acquired carriage during the Hajj. Of the 472 pilgrims before the Hajj, 63 (13%) were positive for meningococcal carriage, of which 52 cases (83%) were serogroup W-135. In the 296 pilgrims tested after the Hajj, 81 (27%) were positive for meningococcal carriage, including 74 (91%) with W-135. In 11 family members of pilgrims who acquired W-135 carriage at the Hajj, 10 (91%) had acquired carriage of serogroup W-135. This study illustrates the acquisition of meningococcal carriage, predominantly of serogroup W-135 by pilgrims attending the Hajj, and the transmission of this carriage to their family members on their return, explaining the source of W-135 meningococcal disease in Turkey.
Complete Genome Sequence of Burkholderia phenoliruptrix BR3459a (CLA1), a Heat-Tolerant, Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Mimosa flocculosa
Authors: de Oliveira Cunha Cláudio , Goda Zuleta Luiz Fernando , Paula de Almeida Luiz Gonzaga , Prioli Ciapina Luciane , Lustrino Borges Wardsson , Pitard Rosa Maria , Baldani José Ivo , Straliotto Rosangela , de Faria Sérgio Miana , Hungria Mariangela , Sousa Cavada Benildo , Mercante Fábio Martins , Ribeiro de Vasconcelos Ana Tereza 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

The genus
Burkholderia
represents a challenge to the fields of taxonomy and phylogeny and, especially, to the understanding of the contrasting roles as either opportunistic pathogens or bacteria with biotechnological potential. Few genomes of nonpathogenic strains, especially of diazotrophic symbiotic bacteria, have been sequenced to improve understanding of the genus. Here, we contribute with the complete genome sequence of
Burkholderia phenoliruptrix
strain BR3459a (CLA1), an effective diazotrophic symbiont of the leguminous tree
Mimosa flocculosa
Burkart, which is endemic to South America.