bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biodétérioration microbienne des déchets : définitions, principes et méthodes d'évaluation
Authors: Gourdon Rémy , Bayard Rémy , Valla G. 
Published: June 2015

During their re-utilization or after disposal, wastes may undergo various agressions of microbial origins, even when the scenario of disposal or utilization is designed to reduce them. The mechanisms of biodeterioration may be direct (when micro-organisms metabolize the constituents of the waste), or undirect (when the metabolites are responsible for the deterioration). Biodeterioration may have significant effects when the waste or its environment contains or provides such substances as organic matter, sulfur - or nitrogen - containing substances, or iron. It may be partly or totally inhibited under unfavorable physical-chemical conditions such as low water content, high pH and poor oxygenation. The methods of evaluation are based on accelerated assays designed to improve the contact between waste constituents and micro-organisms, and simulation tests designed to reproduce the conditions of disposal or utilization.
Lors de leur stockage ou de leur valorisation, les déchets peuvent être soumis à des agressions d'origine microbienne, même lorsque les conditions de stockage ou valorisation sont destinées à les réduire. Les mécanismes de biodétérioration peuvent être directs lorsque les micro-organismes transforment les constituants des déchets, ou indirects lorsque ce sont leurs métabolites qui sont agressifs. La biodétérioration peut s'avérer significative lorsque le déchet ou son environnement contient ou apporte des substances telles que matière organique, composés soufrés, composés azotés, fer. Elle peut être ralentie ou empêchée par des conditions physico-chimiques défavorables, notamment de faible teneur en eau, pH très alcalin et mauvaise oxygénation. Les méthodes d'évaluation reposent sur des essais accélérés qui tentent d'optimiser le contact déchet/micro-organismes, et des tests de simulation visant à reproduire le scénario de stockage ou utilisation envisagé.
EX SITU DEGRADATION OF SILICONE RUBBERS WITH DIFFERENT HARDNESS IN A CATHODE OUTLET SOLUTION OF PEMFC
Authors: Li Ke , Zhang Haining , Pan Mu 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) require gaskets and seals in each cell to keep the reactant gas and liquid within their respective regions. The durability of sealing materials is crucial to the operating life as well as the electrochemical performance of fuel cell stacks. In this study, the aging process of silicone rubbers, often used as gasket materials for fuel cells, with hardnesses of 30, 40, and 50 (Shore A) in a solution collected from the cathode of PEMFC is investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer are used to study the chemical composition of the samples before and after exposure to the test environment over time. It is suggested that the degradation of silicone rubbers is attributed to the chemical decomposition of silicon-based backbone and the leaching of fillers. Although the silicone rubber with higher hardness loses more weight due to its larger amount of fillers, it seems more stable and durable in mechanical properties and surface morphology.
Programma Aanpak Stikstof ter inzage
Authors: van der Feltz G.C.W. (Godert) 
Published: June 2015

Programma Aanpak Stikstof ter inzage. Spanning tussen natuur en economie
Van 10 januari tot 20 februari jl. lagen voor zienswijzen ter inzage: het ontwerp voor het Programma Aanpak Stikstof (het PAS, te onderscheiden van de programmatische aanpak stikstof, de PAS), het bijbehorend plan-MER, inclusief passende beoordeling (met enkele achtergrondrapporten) en de gebiedsanalyses van alle Natura 2000-gebieden waar sprake is van (bedreiging van) habitats die gevoelig zijn voor stikstof (‘de gebiedsanalyses’). Tegelijkertijd zijn openbaar gemaakt: de ontwerpen voor het Besluit grenswaarden programmatische aanpak stikstof en de Regeling programmatische aanpak stikstof (ieder met een eigen toelichting), de Overeenkomst generieke maatregelen in verband met het programma aanpak stikstof en een groot aantal achtergronddocumenten. In deze bijdrage bespreek ik het systeem van de PAS en de bouwstenen ervan, de ter inzage gelegde documenten, op hun juridische merites. De kernvraag luidt of Nederland met de PAS, zoals geconcretiseerd in het PAS en gebiedsanalyses, in overeenstemming handelt met (art. 6 van) de Habitatrichtlijn.
SPICE ISLAND STEW: CREOLIZATION OF FOODWAYS ON COLONIAL ERA NUTMEG PLANTATIONS, MALUKU PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Jordan Amy 
Published: June 2015

The Banda Islands, in modern Indonesia’s Maluku Province, were the world’s sole source of nutmeg in the 16th Century. Control over the spice trade was a major goal for European powers. Consequently, the Banda Islands were a location of early disputes and colonial experimentation. After eradicating most of the indigenous population, the Dutch East India Company established a plantation system in 1621 on the islands. The plantation system fundamentally altered the lifeways of all inhabitants of the Banda Islands but there is little evidence regarding how the alterations and adaptations occurred or why. Excavations at three nutmeg plantations reveal that the inhabitants engaged with multiple strategies of both subsistence and trade. By examining multiple lines of evidence including ceramic, faunal, and starch grain analysis, a more comprehensive understanding of social adaptations to colonialism can be demonstrated.
InSAR measurement of the deformation around Siling Co Lake: Inferences on the lower crust viscosity in central Tibet
Authors: Doin Marie‐Pierre , Twardzik Cédric , Ducret Gabriel , Lasserre Cécile , Guillaso Stéphane , Jianbao Sun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Siling Co Lake is the largest endorheic lake in Central Tibet. Altimetric measures, combined with lake contours, show that in 1972–1999 its water level remained stable, while it increased by about 1.0 m/yr in the period 2000–2006. The increased rate gradually stepped down to 0.2 m/yr in 2007–2011. The ground motion associated with the water load increase is studied by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) using 107 ERS and Envisat SAR images during the period 1992–2011. The deformation amplitude closely follows the lake level temporal evolution, except that subsidence continues in 2008–2011, while the lake level stagnated. This temporal evolution suggests a non elastic relaxation process taking place at a decade timescale. Phase delay maps are used to constrain possible layered viscoelastic rheological models. An elastic model could partly explain the observed subsidence rate if elastic moduli are about twice lower than those extracted from VP/VS profiles. The surface deformation pattern is also extracted by projecting the phase delay maps against the best fit model temporal behavior. It shows that deep relaxation in the asthenosphere is negligible at the decade timescale and favors the existence of a ductile channel in the deep crust above a more rigid mantle. Overall, the best fit model includes a ductile lower crust, with a viscosity of 1–3 × 1018 Pa s between 25 and 35 km and the Moho (at 65 km), overlying a rigid mantle.
Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Necklace‐Like Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Schwab Matthias Georg , Narita Akimitsu , Osella Silvio , Hu Yunbin , Maghsoumi Ali , Mavrinsky Alexey , Pisula Wojciech , Castiglioni Chiara , Tommasini Matteo , Beljonne David , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with an unprecedented “necklace‐like” structure were synthesized through a bottom‐up chemical approach, based on the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of tailor‐made polyphenylene precursors. A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of 84 sp2 carbons (C84) was also synthesized and characterized as a model compound. Characterizations by a combination of MALDI‐TOF MS and FTIR, Raman, and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy validated the formation of the necklace‐like GNRs. The absorption spectrum and DFT calculations revealed a bandgap of approximately 1.4 eV for this novel GNR system, which has not been attained with other GNR structures, enabling further fine‐tuning of GNR bandgaps by structural modulation.
Low glucose depletes glycan precursors, reduces site occupancy and galactosylation of a monoclonal antibody in CHO cell culture
Authors: Villacrés Carina , Tayi Venkata S. , Lattová Erika , Perreault Hélène , Butler Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractControlled feeding of glucose has been employed previously to enhance the productivity of recombinant glycoproteins but there is a concern that low concentrations of glucose could limit the synthesis of precursors of glycosylation. Here we investigate the effect of glucose depletion on the metabolism, productivity and glycosylation of a chimeric human‐llama monoclonal antibody secreted by CHO cells. The cells were inoculated into media containing varying concentrations of glucose. Glucose depletion occurred in cultures with an initial glucose ≤5.5 mM and seeded at low density (2.5 × 105 cells/mL) or at high cell inoculum (≥2.5 × 106 cells/mL) at higher glucose concentration (up to 25 mM). Glucose‐depleted cultures produced non‐glycosylated Mabs (up to 51%), lower galactosylation index (GI <0.43) and decreased sialylation (by 85%) as measured by mass spectrometry and HPLC. At low glucose a reduced intracellular pool of nucleotides (0.03–0.23 fmoles/cell) was measured as well as a low adenylate energy charge (<0.57). Low glucose also reduced GDP‐sugars (by 77%) and UDP‐hexosamines (by 90%). The data indicate that under glucose deprivation, low levels of intracellular nucleotides and nucleotide sugars reduced the availability of the immediate precursors of glycosylation. These results are important when applied to the design of fed‐batch cultures.
The satisfaction and stress of being a market maven: A social network perspective
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Leizerovici Gail , Zhang Shuoyang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCompared with the average consumer, market mavens possess a unique set of characteristics including a greater depth of knowledge of the marketplace and its products, as well as a strong social network. Based on a field study of an emerging social network of Canadian undergraduate students (N = 71), we examine the level of satisfaction and stress that market mavens experience as a result of their network participation. First, market mavens (versus non‐mavens) are more satisfied with their network if they occupy central network positions. Simultaneously, however, mavens incur more stress if they occupy these central positions. Further, market mavens have a lower rate of network growth and build a more a selective network of like‐minded others over time. This suggests that market mavens seek to interact with other market mavens more so than with non‐mavens about product‐related and market‐related information. Together, we provide new insights into the personal outcomes of market mavens' network positions and their networking behavior. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Faraday Rotation of Overdense Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Rajaei L. , Miraboutalebi S. , Nejati M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this study, we investigate Faraday rotation of electromagnetic waves that are anomalously transmitted through an over‐dense magnetized plasma layer. Here, magnetized plasma indicates that the plasma layer is immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Firstly, normally opaque over‐dense magnetized plasma is shown to be transparent to obliquely incident electromagnetic waves. This high transparency can be achieved by providing conditions for resonant excitations of plasmonic modes. The resonant characteristics of the transmission coefficient of the considered structure are determined and discussed. The conditions under which the magnetized plasma behaves as a complete reflector are also obtained. Faraday rotation is shown to be enhanced under high transparency conditions. The reflected wave also exhibits Faraday rotation and is enhanced under total reflection conditions. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Creativity as a Sociocultural Act
Authors: Glăveanu Vlad Petre 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe present article introduces, develops, and illustrates a perspectival framework for the creative process drawing on current developments within the cultural psychology of creativity and the social theory of George Herbert Mead. The creative process is conceptualized as a form of action by which actors, materially and symbolically, alone and in collaboration with others, move between different positions and, in this process, imaginatively construct new perspectives on their course of action which afford greater reflexivity and the emergence of novelty. The article begins by locating this approach within a broader conception of distributed creativity and the role of difference—social, material, and temporal—for creative expression. It then outlines four key premises of the perspectival framework before illustrating it with the help of a subjective camera study of a painter's creative activity. In the end, some important questions are raised concerning the theoretical and practical implications of this new model.
Cell wall proteomics contributes to explore the functional proteins of Brachypodium distachyon grains
Authors: Fang Xianping , Chen Wenyue , Ma Huasheng 
Published: June 2015

The plant cell wall is the first barrier in response to external stimuli and cell wall proteins (CWPs) can play an important role in the modulation of plant growth and development. In the past 10 years, the plant cell wall proteomics has increasingly become a very active research filed, which provides a broader understanding of CWPs for people. The cell wall proteome of Arabidopsis, rice, and other model plants has begun to take shape, and proteomic technology has become an effective way to identify the candidate functional CWPs in large scale. The challenging work of Francin‐Allami et al. (Proteomics 2015, 15, 2296–2306) is a vital step toward building the most extensive cell wall proteome of a monocot species. They identified 299 cell wall proteins in Brachypodium distachyon grains, and also compared the grain cell wall proteome with those of B. distachyon culms and leaves, which provides a new perspective for further explaining the plant cell wall structures and remodeling mechanism.
Relationships between syn-orogenic sedimentation and nappe emplacement in the hinterland of the Variscan belt in NW Iberia deduced from detrital zircons
Authors: MARTÍNEZ CATALÁN JOSÉ R. , GONZÁLEZ CLAVIJO EMILIO , MEIRELES CARLOS , DÍEZ FERNÁNDEZ RUBÉN , BEVIS JAMES 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFlysch-type, syn-orogenic deposits of Carboniferous age occur in relation to the emplacement of a large allochthonous nappe stack in the Variscan belt of NW Iberia. New U–Pb age populations of detrital zircons obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) are considered together with others from previously dated samples to establish the relationships between sedimentation and thrusting. The age populations of four syn-orogenic formations are compared with those of the pre-orogenic sequence in the Autochthon and Parautochthon, representing the Gondwanan passive margin, and in the Allochthon, formed by peri-Gondwanan and oceanic terranes. In addition, a new structural study has been carried out to understand the relationships between the syn-orogenic deposits and the development of Variscan structures. The aims are to identify the sources of sediments and to establish the relationship between Variscan structural evolution and syn-orogenic sedimentation. Development of a forebulge outwards from the allochthonous front, deduced from the structural study, suggests the existence of depocentres that hosted the syn-orogenic sediments. Together with the trend shown by the more recent zircons in each formation, that are younger towards the external zones, the data suggest that sedimentation occurred in progressively migrating depocentres formed in front of the allochthonous wedge during its emplacement. The zircon age populations point to the Allochthon as the main source of detritus for the syn-orogenic basins, with perhaps a limited participation of the Parautochthon and Autochthon in the younger formations.
An Organizational Field Approach to Corporate Rationality: The Role of Stakeholder Activism
Authors: O’Connell Lenahan L. , Stephens Carroll U. , Betz Michael , Shepard Jon M. , Hendry Jamie R. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract:This paper contends that rationality is more properly evaluated as a property of an organization’s relationships with its stakeholders than of the organization itself. We predicate our approach on the observation that stakeholders can hold goals quite distinct from those of owners and top managers, and these too can be rationally pursued. We build upon stakeholder theory and Weber’s classic distinction betweenwertrationalitatandzweckrationalitat, adding to them the “new institutionalist” concept of the organization field (1983, 1991). Stakeholders employ a variety of direct and indirect mechanisms to rationalize relations with the firm. We discuss four: internal subunits, legislated stakeholder participation, legislated access to information, and direct stakeholder activism. These developments are blurring the distinction between the environment and the organization by importing the values and goals of external stakeholders into the internal organization. They are also precipitating a more structured set of relationships among the actors who comprise the field. To the extent that thezweckrationalitatvalues of managers and owners as well as thewertrationalitatconcerns of stakeholders are met, the firm is more rational.
Entanglement dynamics in the presence of controlled unital noise
Authors: Shaham A. , Halevy A. , Dovrat L. , Megidish E. , Eisenberg H. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractQuantum entanglement is notorious for being a very fragile resource. Significant efforts have been put into the study of entanglement degradation in the presence of a realistic noisy environment. Here, we present a theoretical and an experimental study of the decoherence properties of entangled pairs of qubits. The entanglement dynamics of maximally entangled qubit pairs is shown to be related in a simple way to the noise representation in the Bloch sphere picture. We derive the entanglement level in the case when both qubits of a Bell state are transmitted through any arbitrary unital Pauli channel and compare it to the case when the channel is applied only to one of the qubits. The dynamics of both cases was verified experimentally using an all-optical setup. We further investigated the evolution of partially entangled initial states. Different dynamics was observed for initial mixed and pure states of the same entanglement level.
Change of Electronic Structures by Dopant-Induced Local Strain
Authors: Hyeong Kim Gyu , Jeong Sukmin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAg-induced Si(111)-"Equation missing" surfaces ("Equation missing"-Ag) exhibit unusual electronic structures that cannot be explained by the conventional rigid band model and charge transfer model. The ("Equation missing"-Ag surfaces feature a free-electron-like parabolic band, the S1 band, that selectively shifts downward upon the adsorption of noble metal or alkali metal adatoms. Furthermore, the downward shift of S1 is independent of the type of dopants, Au, Ag and Na. According to charge transfer analysis, Au adatoms accumulate electrons from the substrate and become negatively charged, whereas Na adatoms become positively charged, which indicates that S1 should shift in the opposite direction for both the adatoms. Investigation of calculated structures, calculation of model structures and tight-binding analysis disclose that the changes in the electronic structure are closely related to the average Ag-Ag distance in the substrate and have their origin in the local strain induced by dopants (adatoms). This explanation implies that the electronic structure is irrespective of the dopant characters itself and paves a new way for understanding the electronic structures associated with the presence of dopants.
CAN Canopy Addition of Nitrogen Better Illustrate the Effect of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition on Forest Ecosystem?
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shen Weijun , Zhu Shidan , Wan Shiqiang , Luo Yiqi , Yan Junhua , Wang Keya , Liu Lei , Dai Huitang , Li Peixue , Dai Keyuan , Zhang Weixin , Liu Zhanfeng , Wang Faming , Kuang Yuanwen , Li Zhian , Lin Yongbiao , Rao Xingquan , Li Jiong , Zou Bi , Cai Xian , Mo Jiangming , Zhao Ping , Ye Qing , Huang Jianguo , Fu Shenglei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIncreasing atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition could profoundly impact community structure and ecosystem functions in forests. However, conventional experiments with understory addition of N (UAN) largely neglect canopy-associated biota and processes and therefore may not realistically simulate atmospheric N deposition to generate reliable impacts on forest ecosystems. Here we, for the first time, designed a novel experiment with canopy addition of N (CAN) vs. UAN and reviewed the merits and pitfalls of the two approaches. The following hypotheses will be tested: i) UAN overestimates the N addition effects on understory and soil processes but underestimates those on canopy-associated biota and processes, ii) with low-level N addition, CAN favors canopy tree species and canopy-dwelling biota and promotes the detritus food web and iii) with high-level N addition, CAN suppresses canopy tree species and other biota and favors rhizosphere food web. As a long-term comprehensive program, this experiment will provide opportunities for multidisciplinary collaborations, including biogeochemistry, microbiology, zoology and plant science to examine forest ecosystem responses to atmospheric N deposition.
Single-chip photonic transceiver based on bulk-silicon, as a chip-level photonic I/O platform for optical interconnects
Authors: Kim Gyungock , Park Hyundai , Joo Jiho , Jang Ki-Seok , Kwack Myung-Joon , Kim Sanghoon , Gyoo Kim In , Hyuk Oh Jin , Ae Kim Sun , Park Jaegyu , Kim Sanggi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWhen silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs), defined for transmitting and receiving optical data, are successfully monolithic-integrated into major silicon electronic chips as chip-level optical I/Os (inputs/outputs), it will bring innovative changes in data computing and communications. Here, we propose new photonic integration scheme, a single-chip optical transceiver based on a monolithic-integrated vertical photonic I/O device set including light source on bulk-silicon. This scheme can solve the major issues which impede practical implementation of silicon-based chip-level optical interconnects. We demonstrated a prototype of a single-chip photonic transceiver with monolithic-integrated vertical-illumination type Ge-on-Si photodetectors and VCSELs-on-Si on the same bulk-silicon substrate operating up to 50 Gb/s and 20 Gb/s, respectively. The prototype realized 20 Gb/s low-power chip-level optical interconnects for λ ~ 850 nm between fabricated chips. This approach can have a significant impact on practical electronic-photonic integration in high performance computers (HPC), cpu-memory interface, hybrid memory cube and LAN, SAN, data center and network applications.