bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Forensic Autopsy in 120 Cases of Medical Disputes Among Different Levels of Institutional Settings
Authors: Yu Lin‐Sheng , Ye Guang‐Hua , Fan Yan‐Yan , Li Xing‐Biao , Feng Xiang‐Ping , Han Jun‐Ge , Lin Ke‐Zhi , Deng Miao‐Wu , Li Feng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDespite advances in medical science, the causes of death can sometimes only be determined by pathologists after a complete autopsy. Few studies have investigated the importance of forensic autopsy in medically disputed cases among different levels of institutional settings. Our study aimed to analyze forensic autopsy in 120 cases of medical disputes among five levels of institutional settings between 2001 and 2012 in Wenzhou, China. The results showed an overall concordance rate of 55%. Of the 39% of clinically missed diagnosis, cardiovascular pathology comprises 55.32%, while respiratory pathology accounts for the remaining 44. 68%. Factors that increase the likelihood of missed diagnoses were private clinics, community settings, and county hospitals. These results support that autopsy remains an important tool in establishing causes of death in medically disputed case, which may directly determine or exclude the fault of medical care and therefore in helping in resolving these cases.
Powdered Activated Carbon: An Alternative Approach to Genomic DNA Purification
Authors: Barbarić Lucija , Bačić Ivana , Grubić Zorana 
Published: April 2015

AbstractForensic evidence samples are routinely found as stains on various substrates, which may contain substances known to inhibit polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The goal of this study was to evaluate post‐Chelex®100 purification using powdered activated carbon (PAC). Mock crime scene DNA extracts were analyzed using quantitative PCR and short tandem repeat (STR) profiling to test the DNA recovery and inhibitor removal using PAC with those of the Amicon®Ultra 100K. For extracted bloodstains on soil and wood substrates, PAC and Amicon®Ultra 100K generated similar DNA yield and quality. Moreover, the two methods significantly decreased the concentration of humic substances and tannins compared to nonpurified extracts (p < 0.001). In instances where extracts contained indigo dye (bloodstains on denim), Amicon®Ultra 100K performed better than PAC due to improved amplifiability. Efficient adsorption of humic substances and tannins, which are common inhibitors, indicates PAC's potential application in the purification of high‐template DNA extracts.
Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Subduction‐related Rocks with High Sr/Y Ratios in the Zedong Area: Implications for the Magmatism in Southern Lhasa Terrane during Late Cretaceous
Authors: Yanhong CHEN , Jingsui YANG , Fahui XIONG , Lan ZHANG , Shengmin LAI , Mei CHEN 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe southern Lhasa Terrane is famous for its huge magmatic belt which records the magmatism during Mesozoic and Cenozoic. Although the Mesozoic continental‐margin setting in the southern Lhasa Terrane has been identified, details of this tectonic setting and the evolution history during the Late Cretaceous remain unclear. To further constrain these issues, we present zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb, Hf isotopic and geochemical data of the Gongbari dacites (of the Sangri Group) which intruded by Paleocene granodiorites from the eastern part of the southern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. New age data indicate that the dacites were generated at ∼95.4 Ma, which suggests the Sangri Group volcanism may last to Late Cretaceous. The Gongbari dacites are characterized by high Sr (428–758 ppm) contents, low concentration of heavy rare earth elements and Y (e.g. Yb=0.78–1.14 ppm; Y=8.85–11.4 ppm) with high Sr/Y (41.91–67.59) and La/Yb (22.64–30.64) ratios, similar to those of adakite. The rocks are calc‐alkaline, metaluminous, enriched in LILEs, depleted in HFSEs, and have positive εHf(t) values (+7.7 to +11.6). The Gongbari dacites were probably produced by partial melting of young and hot subducted Neo‐Tethyan oceanic crust under amphibolite to garnet amphibolite‐facies conditions. Though the Gangdese Mountains may have formed before Indo‐Asian collision, the southern margin of Lhasa Terrane might not go through obviously crustal thickening during the northward subduction of Neo‐Tethyan oceanic lithosphere.
Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al Chronology of the Last Glaciation of the Palaeo‐Daocheng Ice Cap, Southeastern Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhigang ZHANG , Jian WANG , Xiaobin XU , Shibiao BAI , ZhiYang CHANG 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe glacial landforms of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) provide a unique opportunity to research hemispheric and global environmental changes. In this study, we focus on the glacial history of the palaeo‐Daocheng Ice Cap (p‐DIC) in the southeastern QTP during the last glacial cycle. Based on field investigations, morphostratigraphy, and surface exposure dating of roche moutonnée, polished surface and moraine debris through the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (TCN) 10Be and 26A1. We identify glacial deposits of the last deglaciation, with minimum ages of 14.9±1.3–18.7±1.7 ka, the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) of 24.7±2.2 ka, and the early part of the last glacial period (marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 3) of 37.1±3.4–45.2±3.9 ka. Our results show that in this region, the extent of the glacial advance during MIS 3 was larger than that during the traditional LGM (MIS 2). These ages are consistent with prior chronologies, and the 10Be age is consistent with the 26Al age for the same sample. Thus, these data provide reliable constraints on climate change in the QTP, during the last glaciation.
A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Gold Deposits in China
Authors: Chenghui WANG , Denghong WANG , Jue XU , Lijuan YING , Lijun LIU , Shanbao LIU 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGold is one of the most important mineral resources in China with its rich mineral resources. In recent years, significant progress has been made on the process of gold resource exploration. Some large and giant gold deposits were newly found and some important expansions in the main mining regions were also been completed. Studies on metallogenic regularity of gold deposits in China also have made achievements with a long‐term work. This review aims to conclude the achievements of research on gold metallogenic regularity in China. Based on the data of about 2000 gold deposits and other ore (mineralized) occurrences, gold deposits in China were classified into five prediction types: gold deposits genetically related to granite–greenstone formation, gold deposits related to sedimentary formation (including the Carlin type and the metamorphosed clastic rock related vein gold deposit), gold deposits genetically related to volcanic rocks (including the continental and marine types), gold deposits genetically related to intrusions (including the porphyry type and the inner intrusion and contact zone related gold deposit), gold deposits of supergenesis (including fracture zone–altered rock gold deposit, placer gold deposit, gossan type gold deposit and soil type gold deposit). Statistics on precise chronology data of gold deposits indicate that there occurred 5 main periods of gold–mineralization in geological history of China. They were Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic, Meso–Neoproterozoic, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. Gold deposits in China mainly formed in the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. On the studies of the spatial‐temporal distribution characteristics of gold deposits, 53 gold‐forming belts were delineated in China. The metallogenic regularity of gold deposits was preliminarily summarized and 71 gold metallogenic series were proposed in China. This suggests that it is necceary to deepen the study on metallogenic regularity of gold deposits and to provide the theory guide for the ore–prospecting for gold resources in China.
Clinical and laboratory profiles of primary Sjogren's syndrome in a Chinese population: A retrospective analysis of 315 patients
Authors: Li Xiaomei , Xu Bei , Ma Yan , Li Xiangpei , Cheng Qi , Wang Ximei , Wang Guosheng , Qian Long , Wei Li 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimTo assess the clinical and laboratory features of primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) in a large teaching hospital in China.MethodsThree hundred and fifteen pSS patients diagnosed according to American‐European Classification Criteria and consecutively admitted to Anhui Provincial Hospital from 1 January 1999 to 30 September 2012 were retrospectively selected in this study.ResultsThe median age was 46.8 ± 14.4 years (range 13–83 years) and the majority of patients were female (96.5%). The common clinical features at initial presentations were dry mouth (50.2%), dry eyes (31.4%) and joint pain (24.8%); 92.6% of patients had positive anti‐SSA antibody and 49.2% patients had positive anti‐SSB antibody. One hundred and eighteen patients underwent labial salivary gland biopsy. According to Chisholm grading criteria, grade 3 to 4 was present in 58.5% of the patients. The frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) occurred (20.9%) in the patients with systemic extraglandular manifestations. The patients with ILD were frequently associated with positive anti‐SSA (P = 0.005) and low levels of C3. The most common impairment of lung function was small airway function abnormalities. Sixty‐six pSS patients with ILD (pSS‐ILD) were diagnosed with high‐resolution computed tomography and treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants, in which 18 patients had improved pulmonary function.ConclusionLabial salivary gland biopsy and anti‐nuclear antibodies spectrum were important to the diagnosis of pSS. The pSS patients had high percentage of ILD, especially small airway function abnormalities. The combination of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants appears to be effective in treatment of pSS patients with ILD.
Clinical evaluation of postoperative chemotherapy based on genetic testing in patients with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Miao Jinbai , Zhang Wenqian , Hu Xiaoxing , Chen Shuo , Hu Bin , Li Hui 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe performed a retrospective analysis to evaluate whether a postoperative chemotherapy selection method based on four tumoral gene expression tests would improve prognosis in patients with stage IIIA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after surgery.MethodsBetween January 2007 and July 2011, 148 patients with stage IIIA NSCLC underwent radical lobectomy with four cycles of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. Forty‐five patients had tailored treatment plans based on the results of tumoral gene expression tests. The tests consisted of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses to measure the messenger ribonucleic acid levels of the excision repair cross‐complementing gene 1, ribonucleotide reductase Ml, type III β‐tubulin, and thymidylate synthase genes in tumor tissues. One hundred and three patients received conventional chemotherapy. Disease responses were assessed after two cycles and every three months after the first four cycles of chemotherapy. The one and two‐year survival rates and diesease‐free survival (DFS) rates were recorded, and the adverse effects documented.ResultsThe one and two‐year DFS rates in the genetically tested group were better than those in the non‐tested group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The two‐year Kaplan–Meier DFS curve analysis results were significantly better in the genetically tested group (X2 = 8.228, P = 0.004). The adverse effects during the treatments were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups.ConclusionsThe chemotherapy selection method based on four tumoral gene expression tests demonstrated its feasibility to improve the efficacy of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy and benefit stage IIIA NSCLC patients by yielding better DFS without increasing the adverse effects of chemotherapy.
Demographics and trends in the acute presentation of diverticular disease: a national study
Authors: Vather Ryash , Broad Joanna B. , Jaung Rebekah , Robertson Jason , Bissett Ian P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundDiverticular disease (DD) is a major health problem in the Western world. The aim of this study was to describe demographics and trends in acute DD admissions in New Zealand.MethodsInformation pertaining to acute hospital admissions between January 2000 and June 2012 for a primary diagnosis of large bowel DD was retrieved from a national database.ResultsThere were 25 167 admissions for acute DD. Mean age of presentation decreased from 65.9 years in 2000 to 64.1 years in 2012 (P < 0.001). Mean age was lower in men than women (61.4 versus 67.4 years, P < 0.001). Although men comprised 45.2% of the cohort they were over‐represented in the 18–44 years stratum (68.6 versus 31.4%; P < 0.001). Europeans accounted for 84.8% of admissions and presented at an older age (65.8 years) than Māori (56.2 years), Pacific Islanders (58.4 years) or Asians (58.9 years) (P < 0.001). Acute DD admissions were higher in more deprived populations (P < 0.001). Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) reduced from 5.8 days in 2000 to 4.1 days in 2012 (P < 0.001). LOS increased with age (P < 0.001) and deprivation (P = 0.013), but did not differ between ethnicities (P = 0.088). Computed tomography scanning of acute admissions doubled from 2000 to 2012 (29.7–59.2%; P < 0.001) with a halving in the use of acute in‐patient colonoscopy (26.1–13.2%; P < 0.001) and emergent surgery (14.8–7.2%; P < 0.001). Percutaneous drain use increased from 0.6% in 2000 to 1.1% in 2012 (P = 0.003).ConclusionAcute DD is a source of considerable morbidity in New Zealand and there have been significant changes in its admission demographics and trends over the last decade.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: comparison between therapeutic regimens for paediatric chronic hepatitis C
Authors: El Sherbini A. , Mostafa S. , Ali E. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundTo decide when and how to treat children with chronic hepatitis C is an ongoing debate.AimTo compare the outcomes of therapy for children with chronic hepatitis C.MethodsAn electronic database assessed clinical trials with sustained virological response rates specified by genotype. The data were extracted according to the therapeutic regimen; interferonα±ribavirin and pegylated interferonα±ribavirin.ResultsThe search sourced 23 peer‐reviewed articles which enrolled 934 cases, aged 2–19 years. Sustained virological response rates were significantly higher with the addition of ribavirin to either interferonα or pegylated nterferonα vs. their monotherapies for genotypes 1,2&3 with crude and weighted estimates. The weighted estimate indicated higher sustained virological response rates for those treated with pegylated interferonα+ribavirin vs. interferonα+ribavirin for genotype 1 (50% vs. 40%) and genotypes 2&3 (90% vs. 84%), (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.2–1.8, and 1.8, 1.2–2.9 respectively). Cases with genotype 4 treated with pegylated interferonα+ribavirin had a lower sustained virological response (41%) vs. genotype 1 (1.4, 1.2–1.8), and vs. genotypes 2&3 (13.5, 10.3–17.9). Some adverse events were significantly higher among cases treated with pegylated interferonα+ribavirin vs. interferonα+ribavirin.ConclusionsDespite the superiority of pegylated interferonα+ribavirin to interferonα+ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C among children, the significant higher adverse events along with the modest outcome for genotypes 1&4 render that regimen a suboptimal therapy. These data indicated the need for the future comparison with clinical trials of direct anti‐viral drugs for children with chronic hepatitis C.
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have elevated serum concentrations of and altered GABAA receptor sensitivity to allopregnanolone
Authors: Hedström Helena , Bäckström Torbjörn , Bixo Marie , Nyberg Sigrid , Wang Mingde , Gideonsson Ida , Turkmen Sahruh 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjectiveSeveral studies have reported that γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) ergic circuits are involved in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The progesterone metabolite allopregnanolone is a potent GABAA‐receptor‐modulating steroid, and patients may have increased concentrations of allopregnanolone or altered GABAA receptor sensitivity. We investigated both of these possibilities in this study.PatientsWe enrolled 9 women with PCOS and 24 age‐matched eumenorrhoeic controls, who were divided into two groups by body mass index (BMI) (16 normal weight and 8 overweight).MeasurementsWe investigated the effects of allopregnanolone injection on GABAA receptor sensitivity in both groups of women. All women received a single intravenous dose of allopregnanolone (0·050 mg/kg). GABAA receptor sensitivity was assessed with the saccadic eye velocity (SEV) over 30° (SEV30°), the SEV30°/allopregnanolone concentration ([Allo]) ratio, and sedation, which were measured together with serum allopregnanolone at intervals for 180 min after injection. The controls were tested in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle.ResultsBaseline allopregnanolone concentrations were higher in the PCOS women than in the normal‐weight (P = 0·034) and overweight controls (P = 0·004). The allopregnanolone concentrations after injection were higher in the PCOS women (P = 0·006) and overweight controls (P = 0·037) than in the normal‐weight controls. All groups showed a decline in the SEV30°/[Allo] ratio after injection. Allopregnanolone had a smaller effect on the SEV30°/[Allo] ratio in the overweight women (PCOS, P = 0·032; controls, P = 0·007) than in the normal‐weight controls. The sedation score after allopregnanolone injection was lower in the PCOS patients than in the controls, but was not different between the two control groups.ConclusionsPCOS women had elevated baseline allopregnanolone concentrations compared with follicular‐phase controls. All overweight women (PCOS and controls) were less sensitive to allopregnanolone than normal‐weight controls.
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma – case series with emphasis on a late fibrotic variant
Authors: Wilk Michael , Zelger Bettina G. , Debiec‐Rychter Maria , Sciot Raf , Zelger Bernhard 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundAngiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) is a rare, low‐grade malignant, subcutaneous neoplasm in children or young adults.MethodsAFHs in different disease stages were studied histologically, in part, also immunohistologically, and by fluorescence in situ hybridization.ResultsDepending on the degree of fibrosclerosis, nine AFH were divided into the following categories: classic type (n = 3): well‐defined subcutaneous lesions composed of multinodular spindle to epithelioid (histiocytoid) cells surrounding a pseudoangiomatous space filled with blood. Peripherally, there is a fibrous pseudocapsule and an inflammatory infiltrate. Early sclerotic type (n = 4): the fibrous capsule extends more to the inner circle of the lesion, focally replacing the cellular neoplastic component and pseudoangiomatous spaces. Late sclerotic type (n = 2): the architecture of AFH with its zonal arrangement of an outer fibrous and inner cellular component is largely replaced by fibrosis occluding the pseudovascular space in the center of the lesion. Immunohistochemistry was available in 5/9 cases with positivity for EMA (5/5), desmin (3/5), caldesmon (1/2), and CD99 (2/5). One of two cases tested displayed EWSR1 rearrangement.ConclusionLate‐stage AFH may present with marked fibrosis obscuring the real nature of the lesion and may easily be misinterpreted by the unwary as a harmless fibrotic condition.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria – a management pathway for patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Termeer Christian , Staubach Petra , Kurzen Hjalmar , Strömer Klaus , Ostendorf Rolf , Maurer Marcus 
Published: April 2015

SummaryChronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common and challenging disease, especially with respect to healthcare provision in the context of the German statutory health insurance system. If treatment with second‐generation antihistamines is unsuccessful, current guidelines recommend further therapeutic options. However, most of these are off‐label. This discrepancy between treatment according to guidelines and the ability to prescribe drugs at the expense of the statutory health insurance (reimbursability) often leads to uncertainties in everyday clinical practice. In addition, physicians prescribing certain drugs are faced with the difficulty of measuring and documenting therapeutic success/outcome. Respective outcome measurement methods have not yet been established in daily practice. Using a consensus process, a working group composed of dermatologists in private practice and specialized urticaria centers has defined a practical pathway for the implementation of current treatment recommendations based on the 2013 S3 guidelines for urticaria. Here, we present a diagnostic and therapeutic management pathway for CSU. Further, we discuss prescription issues in daily practice, including updosing of antihistamines, with regard to cost‐effectiveness and drug approval on the basis of published studies and current legislation. Constituting the highest treatment level, the use of cyclosporine A, montelukast, and omalizumab, which has recently become available as therapeutic option, is reviewed. The urticaria control test (UCT) is presented as a valid outcome measure in routine practice. Our objective was to provide physicians in private practice with a practical guideline‐based therapeutic decision tool, taking into account the requirements imposed by the statutory health insurance system. It is not meant to replace individualized history taking or treatment of this heterogeneous disease. Rather, we would like to suggest reference points for clinical diagnosis and treatment of CSU.
Introduction to Innovation WITHIN and ACROSS Borders: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Carrillo Janice E. , Druehl Cheryl , Hsuan Juliana 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTInnovation is an integral part of every firm's ongoing operations. While new product and service creation is an essential task to ensure a firm's immediate success in the marketplace, process and supply chain innovations can also create a unique source of competitive advantage for the future. Encouraging innovative thinking, developing new innovations, and managing the processes by which those innovations are developed are critical aspects of today's firm. Consequently, research which aids in the creation and maintenance of innovative firms is an important topic of inquiry for research communities on innovation management, including the operations management and information systems communities. We review the literature in this important area and offer suggestions for future research on the following topics: innovation within a firm and across the supply chain, technology management, and new product and service development.