bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic and environmental drivers of fecundity in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus)
Authors: Ellis Charlie D. , Knott Hannah , Daniels Carly L. , Witt Matthew J. , Hodgson David J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Fecundity in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) has been shown to exhibit extensive spatial variation across northern Europe. Previously, this has been attributed to a lack of methodological standardization among samples. Instead, we show significant correlations between fecundity and both geographical and environmental drivers. We use linear mixed-effect models to assess the contribution of latitude, longitude, and measures of sea surface temperatures on the size–fecundity relationships of 1058 ovigerous females from 11 locations in the UK, Ireland, and Norway. We include new data for 52 lobsters from Falmouth, UK, the southwest limit of existing samples. Fecundity at mean female size correlated positively with eastings and greater annual ranges in sea surface temperature, but not with mean temperature or latitude. This contradicts the established latitudinal and mean temperature dependence reported for the closely related H. americanus. We postulate that proximity to stable Atlantic currents is the most likely driver of the relationship between fecundity and longitude. Mechanisms are discussed by which egg production or retention may be influenced by temperature range rather than by mean temperature. With further validation, we propose that temperature-correlated fecundity predictions will provide a valuable tool in ensuring that management thresholds are appropriate for the reproductive characteristics of lobster populations.
Norepinephrine Decreases Fluid Requirements and Blood Loss While Preserving Intestinal Villi Microcirculation during Fluid Resuscitation of Uncontrolled Hemorrhagic Shock in Mice
Authors: Harrois Anatole , Baudry Nathalie , Huet Olivier , Kato Hiromi , Dupic Laurent , Lohez Manuel , Ziol Marianne , Vicaut Eric , Duranteau Jacques 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAbstract
The administration of both norepinephrine with crystalloid (normal saline [NS]) led to less fluid requirements than when animals only received NS to reach a target blood pressure. There was also no significant difference in the intestinal villi microcirculatory perfusion in the animals resuscitated with NS alone compared to animals given NS and norepinephrine.

Background:
Norepinephrine administration is controversial during hemorrhagic shock resuscitation to stabilize mean arterial pressure (MAP) level because it could have deleterious effects on local circulations. The authors investigated the effect of norepinephrine on intestinal microcirculation during fluid resuscitation in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.

Methods:
Mice (n = 6 per group) submitted to an uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock by tail section were randomly assigned to a resuscitation with fluid but without norepinephrine to target a MAP level of 50 mmHg (FR50) or 60 mmHg (FR60) or a resuscitation with fluid and norepinephrine to target a MAP level of 50 mmHg (FRNE50) or 60 mmHg (FRNE60). Intestinal microcirculation was observed by intravital microscopy.

Results:
Fluid requirements were lower in groups resuscitated with fluid and norepinephrine than in groups resuscitated with fluid without norepinephrine (74.6 ± 45.1 in FR50
vs. 28.1 ± 10.0 µl/g in FRNE50; P = 0.004 and 161.9 ± 90.4 in FR60
vs. 44.5 ± 24.0 µl/g in FRNE60; P = 0.041). Blood loss was not statistically different between FR50 and FRNE50 (14.8 ± 8.3 vs. 8.5 ± 2.9 µl/g; P = 0.180) but was significantly lower in FRNE60 than in FR60 (10.1 ± 4.2 vs. 22.6 ± 9.6 µl/g; P = 0.015). This beneficial effect was associated with the restoration of intestinal microcirculation to the same extent in fluid resuscitated groups without norepinephrine (FR50 and FR60) and fluid resuscitated groups with norepinephrine (FRNE50 and FRNE60).

Conclusions:
During MAP-directed resuscitation of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock, the administration of norepinephrine decreased blood loss and fluid requirements while preserving intestinal villi microcirculation.
The Molecular Feature of HOX Gene Family in the Intramedullary Spinal Tumors
Authors: Gu Shixin , Gu Wentao , Shou Jiajun , Xiong Ji , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Bin , Yang Delin , Xie Rong 
Published: March 2015

Study Design.
The expression of HOXB13 and HOXA9 proteins was detected.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular signature of spinal ependymoma (EPN) and astrocytoma, 2 most common types of intramedullary spinal tumor.

Summary of Background Data.
Intramedullary spinal tumor is unusual. It leads to high neurological morbidity and mortality without treatment. Till now, its molecular feature has been elucidated up to a little extent.

Methods.
A total of 37 cases of spinal EPN, including 12 myxopapillary EPNs (MEPNs), 18 classic EPNs, and 7 anaplastic EPNs, and another 12 cases of astrocytoma were selected for this study. Immunohistochemical analysis of a large cohort of patients providing clinical tumor samples was performed to compare the expression of HOXB13 and HOXA9 not only between spinal EPN and astrocytoma but also among all 3 World Health Organization grades of spinal EPN.

Results.
The results showed that HOXB13 and HOXA9 were selectively expressed in spinal EPN instead of astrocytoma. Furthermore, we found the strongest positive response of HOXB13 in MEPN whereas that of HOXA9 was ubiquitously detected in all subgroups of EPN.

Conclusion.
Both specificity and sensitivity of HOXB13 in MEPN indicated that HOXB13 might be a diagnostic marker to distinguish MEPN from other 2 types of EPN and a promising therapeutic target for MEPN. The strong immunoreactivity of HOXA9 in spinal EPN suggested an indispensable role in the progression of spinal EPN, and further research on its molecular function will provide new clues for the development of treatment options.

Level of Evidence: N /A
Does Maternal Perinatal Probiotic Supplementation Alter the Intestinal Microbiota of Mother and Child?
Authors: Dotterud Christian K. , Avershina Ekaterina , Sekelja Monika , Simpson Melanie R. , Rudi Knut , Storrø Ola , Johnsen Roar , Øien Torbjørn 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Maternal probiotic supplementation has been shown to prevent the development of atopic dermatitis in the offspring. We aimed to investigate whether probiotics in pregnant and breast‐feeding mothers altered the colonization pattern and the diversity of the mothers' and children's intestinal microbiota.Methods:In a randomized, double‐blind trial, women received probiotic milk or placebo from 36 weeks of gestation up to 3 months postnatally while breast‐feeding. The probiotic milk contained Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L acidophilus La‐5, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb‐12. Stool samples were collected from the mothers at 30 to 36 weeks of gestation and 3 months after birth, and from the child at age 10 days, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years, and bacteria were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, stool samples from 3‐month‐old and 2‐year‐old children were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene deep sequencing to estimate the bacterial classes and genera, and the α‐ and β‐diversity.Results:Three months after birth, both the prevalence and the relative abundance of the administered probiotic bacteria were significantly increased among the mothers in the probiotic group compared with among those in the placebo group. Only the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteria colonized the children at 10 days and at 3 months of age. There were no significant differences in the abundance of the administered probiotic bacteria between the groups at 1 and 2 years of age. For the bacterial classes and genera, and α‐ and β‐diversity, there were no significant differences between the groups.Conclusions:Different probiotic bacteria seem to have different ability to transfer from the mother to the child. We found no evidence that the probiotics altered the microbial composition or α‐ and β‐diversity of the children.
Cupping (Hijama) Treatment: Benign or Sinister?
Authors: Nisar Muhammad K. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Cupping treatment is on the rise in the Western world as an alternative medicine modality.
We present a hitherto unreported complication of bilateral subdural hemorrhage associated with this therapy, highlighting the need for vigilance in patients presenting with headache because they may get misdiagnosed unless history for such therapies is explored.
Medications and Patient Characteristics Associated With Falling in the Hospital
Authors: O'Neil Caroline A. , Krauss Melissa J. , Bettale Jon , Kessels Anthony , Costantinou Eileen , Dunagan W. Claiborne , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate specific medications and patient characteristics as risk factors of falling in the hospital.

Methods
This is a case-control study comparing demographic, health, mobility, and medication data for 228 patients who fell between June 29, 2007, and November 14, 2007, at a large tertiary care hospital and 690 randomly selected control patients. Logistic regression was used to identify fall risk factors.

Results
Independent risk factors of falling included history of falls (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–4.2); needing an assistive device (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5–6.8) or person assistance (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3–3.3) to ambulate; being underweight (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2–4.7) or obese (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.0–2.5); confusion (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.5–4.0); dizziness (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1–4.3); incontinence (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.3); and an order for a hydantoin (OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.3–8.0) or benzodiazepine anticonvulsant (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5–3.3), haloperidol (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.2–6.8), tricyclic antidepressant (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2–4.9), or insulin (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0–2.1). Female sex (OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6–1.0), proton pump inhibitors (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9), and muscle relaxants (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.3–0.7) were associated with lower risk for falling.

Conclusions
This study identified medications and patient characteristics associated with increased risk for falling in the hospital. High-risk medications identified in this study may serve as targets for medication review or adjustment, which have been recommended as a component of multifaceted fall prevention programs.
Seamless Transitions: Achieving Patient Safety Through Communication and Collaboration
Authors: Radhakrishnan Kavita , Jones Terry L. , Weems Deborah , Knight Thomas W. , Rice William H. 
Published: March 2015

Background
Although more than a decade has passed since the imperative to reduce fragmentation of care, high rehospitalization rates among Medicare patients with chronic diseases persist; at least 25% of these are considered preventable. Transitional care models that emphasize coordination among providers have demonstrated significant reductions in hospitalization rates. However, achieving effective collaboration among providers across disciplines and/or facilities through implementation of transitional care models can be challenging.

Objectives
The aims of this article are to (1) describe a collaborative transitional care program implemented by a 7-hospital health care system and a postacute senior care service provider organization to pilot a transitional care program (Transitions Across Care Settings [TRACS]) for improving coordination of care for their mutual patients and (2) share results and lessons learned from this quality initiative.

Methods
The goal of the TRACS program, which used the Coleman Care Transitions Intervention model, was to reduce 30-day readmissions to lower than the national averages for an initial target population of inpatients with pneumonia, congestive heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction diagnoses.

Results
The overall readmission rate for 104 patients in the pilot TRACS program was 4.8%. Readmission rates were 0% for acute myocardial infarction, 7.1% for congestive heart failure, and 4.4% for pneumonia.

Conclusions
A culture of patient safety was facilitated by a registered nurse transitions coach through consistent communication and flow of patient information during patient hand offs across the care continuum. More than 1000 patients are already admitted to the next iteration of the TRACS program, resulting in a sustainable enterprise.
Examining Wrong Eye Implant Adverse Events in the Veterans Health Administration With a Focus on Prevention: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Neily Julia , Chomsky Amy , Orcutt James , Paull Douglas E. , Mills Peter D. , Gilbert Christina , Hemphill Robin R. , Gunnar William 
Published: March 2015

Objective
The study goals were to examine wrong intraocular lens (IOL) implant adverse events in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), identify root causes and contributing factors, and describe system changes that have been implemented to address this challenge.

Design
This study represents collaboration between the VHA's National Center for Patient Safety (NCPS) and the National Surgery Office (NSO).

Participants
This report includes 45 wrong IOL implant surgery adverse events reported to established VHA NCPS and NSO databases between July 1, 2006, and June 31, 2014. There are approximately 50,000 eye implant procedures performed each year in the VHA.

Methods
Wrong IOL implant surgery adverse events are reported by VHA facilities to the NCPS and the NSO. Two authors (A.C. and J.N.) coded the reports for event type (wrong lens or expired lens) and identified the primary contributing factor (coefficient κ = 0.837). A descriptive analysis was conducted, which included the reported yearly event rate.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome measure was the reported wrong IOL implant surgery adverse events.

Results
There were 45 reported wrong IOL implant surgery adverse events. Between 2011 and June 30, 2014, there was a significant downward trend (P = 0.02, R
2 = 99.7%) at a pace of −0.08 (per 10,000 cases) every year. The most frequently coded primary contributing factor was incomplete preprocedure time-out (n = 12) followed by failure to perform double check of preprocedural calculations based upon original data and implant read-back at the time the surgical eye implant was performed (n = 10).

Conclusions
Preventing wrong IOL implant adverse events requires diligence beyond performance of the preprocedural time-out. In 2013, the VHA has modified policy to ensure double check of preprocedural calculations and implant read-back with positive impact. Continued analysis of contributing human factors and improved surgical team communication are warranted.
Two variance component model improves genetic prediction in family data sets
Authors: Tucker George , Loh Po-Ru , MacLeod Iona M , Hayes Ben J , Goddard Michael E , Berger Bonnie , Price Alkes L 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGenetic prediction based on either identity by state (IBS) sharing or pedigree information has been investigated extensively using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) methods. Such methods were pioneered in the plant and animal breeding literature and have since been applied to predict human traits with the aim of eventual clinical utility. However, methods to combine IBS sharing and pedigree information for genetic prediction in humans have not been explored. We introduce a two variance component model for genetic prediction: one component for IBS sharing and one for approximate pedigree structure, both estimated using genetic markers. In simulations using real genotypes from CARe and FHS family cohorts, we demonstrate that the two variance component model achieves gains in predictionr2over standard BLUP at current sample sizes, and we project based on simulations that these gains will continue to hold at larger sample sizes. Accordingly, in analyses of four quantitative phenotypes from CARe and two quantitative phenotypes from FHS, the two variance component model significantly improves predictionr2in each case, with up to a 20% relative improvement. We also find that standard mixed model association tests can produce inflated test statistics in data sets with related individuals, whereas the two variance component model corrects for inflation.Author SummaryGenetic prediction has been well-studied in plant and animal breeding and has generated considerable recent interest in human genetics, both in family data sets and in population cohorts. Many prediction studies are based on the widely used Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) approach, which performs a mixed model analysis using a genetic relationship matrix that is either estimated from genotype data—thus measuring identity-by-state (IBS) sharing—or obtained from family pedigree information. We show here that a substantial improvement in prediction accuracy in family data sets can be obtained by jointly modeling both IBS sharing and approximate pedigree structure, both estimated using genetic markers, using separate variance components within a two variance component mixed model. We demonstrate the performance of this model in simulations and real data sets. We also show that previous mixed model association methods suffer from inflated test statistics in family data sets due to their failure to account for the different heritability parameters corresponding to IBS sharing vs. pedigree relatedness. Our two variance component model provides a solution to this problem without compromising statistical power.
Structured nucleosome fingerprints enable high-resolution mapping of chromatin architecture within regulatory regions
Authors: Schep Alicia N. , Buenrostro Jason D. , Denny Sarah K. , Schwartz Katja , Sherlock Gavin , Greenleaf William J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTranscription factors canonically bind nucleosome-free DNA, making the positioning of nucleosomes within regulatory regions crucial to the regulation of gene expression. We observe a highly structured pattern of DNA fragment lengths and positions generated by the assay of transposase accessible chromatin (ATAC-seq) around nucleosomes inS. cerevisiae, and use this distinctive two-dimensional nucleosomal “fingerprint” as the basis for a new nucleosome-positioning algorithm called NucleoATAC. We show that NucleoATAC can identify the rotational and translational positions of nucleosomes with up to base pair resolution and provide quantitative measures of nucleosome occupancy inS. cerevisiae,S. pombe, and human cells. We demonstrate application of NucleoATAC to a number of outstanding problems in chromatin biology, including analysis of sequence features underlying nucleosome positioning, promoter chromatin architecture across species, identification of transient changes in nucleosome occupancy and positioning during a dynamic cellular response, and integrated analysis of nucleosome occupancy and transcription factor binding.
The influence of the tax system on the location of holding companies in Switzerland
Authors: Cárdenas Cárdenas Gilberto , García Gamez Sofía 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the tax system constitutes a first-order element influencing the location of holding companies in Switzerland.

Design/methodology/approach
– To achieve this goal, the authors have estimated an econometric model using ordinary least squares. The authors also provide a unique statistical database of holding companies established in Switzerland. The independent tax variables revolve around concepts of tax burden and effort, whereas the non-tax variables are generally those referred to in the literature on location of investments.

Findings
– The study concludes that, in addition to the tax burden, there are other qualitative variables that show the same influence on the geographic location of holding companies in Switzerland.

Originality/value
– The study of holding companies as instruments of international tax planning is usually linked to law offices or consulting firms that specialize in the international tax system – not university academic research per se. The interaction of academic theory and international fiscal praxis provides an interesting perspective from which to approach this topic.
The role of joint actions in the performance of IT clusters in Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Martínez Isis , Duhamel François , Luna-Reyes Luis F. , Picazo-Vela Sergio , Huerta-Carvajal María Isabel 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to show the importance of joint actions and institutions for collaboration (IFCs) in the development and performance of information technology (IT) business clusters in the context of Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of the literature suggests the types of linkages that the clusters must develop to be successful in the context of emerging countries. Two IT clusters in the region of Puebla and Jalisco are compared to highlight the factors that differentiate successful and less successful clusters in this type of environment.

Findings
– The presence of an IFC, such as the Jalisco Institute of Information Technology in Jalisco, is a determinant factor of the performance of the IT cluster there, contrary to Puebla. A model of dynamic interactions in clusters is proposed as a result of the analysis of the two cases.

Research limitations/implications
– Our analysis included clusters from IT industry in Mexico. It needs to be extended to more clusters, more industries and other emerging countries settings for the sake of comparison and generalization.

Practical implications
– In the context of the relative scarcity of formal institutions in emerging country settings, the purposive collaboration of both private and public sectors in IFCs is necessary to ensure a long-standing development and performance of business clusters.

Originality/value
– In this article, we show the specific role of institutional arrangements in cluster development and performance in emerging countries, which has seldom been investigated both theoretically and empirically.