bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Down‐regulation of c‐fos by shRNA sensitizes adriamycin‐resistant MCF‐7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents via P‐glycoprotein inhibition and apoptosis augmentation
Authors: Shi Ruizan , Peng Hongwei , Yuan Xiangfei , Zhang Xiuli , Zhang Yanjun , Fan Dongmei , Liu Xuyi , Xiong Dongsheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMultidrug resistance (MDR) is a major hurdle in the treatment of cancer. Research indicated that the main mechanisms of most cancers included so‐called “pump” (P‐glycoprotein, P‐gp) and “non‐pump” (apoptosis) resistance. Identification of novel signaling molecules associated with both P‐gp and apoptosis will facilitate the development of more effective strategies to overcome MDR in tumor cells. Since the proto‐oncogene c‐fos has been implicated in cell adaptation to environmental changes, we analyzed its role in mediating “pump” and “non‐pump” resistance in MCF‐7/ADR, an adriamycin (ADR)‐selected human breast cancer cell line with the MDR phenotype. Elevated expression of c‐fos in MCF‐7/ADR cells and induction of c‐fos by ADR in the parental drug‐sensitive MCF‐7 cells suggested a link between c‐fos and MDR phenotype. Down‐regulation of c‐fos expression via shRNA resulted in sensitization of MCF‐7/ADR cells to chemotherapeutic agents, including both P‐gp and non‐P‐gp substrates. Further results proved that c‐fos down‐regulation in MCF‐7/ADR cells resulted in decreased P‐gp expression and activity, enhanced apoptosis, and altered expression of apoptosis‐associated proteins (i.e., Bax, Bcl‐2, p53, and PUMA). All above facts indicate that c‐fos is involved in both P‐gp‐ and anti‐apoptosis‐mediated MDR of MCF‐7/ADR cells. Based on these results, we propose that c‐fos may represent a potential molecular target for resistant cancer therapy, and suppressing c‐fos gene expression may therefore be an effective means to temper breast cancer cell's MDR to cytotoxic chemotherapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1890–1900, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway by high glucose can be reversed by parathyroid hormone‐related protein in osteoblastic cells
Authors: López‐Herradón Ana , Portal‐Núñez Sergio , García‐Martín Adela , Lozano Daniel , Pérez‐Martínez Francisco C. , Ceña Valentín , Esbrit Pedro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRecent in vivo findings suggest that the bone sparing effect of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) in diabetic mice might occur at least in part through targeting a suppressed Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in osteoblasts. We here aimed to examine the inhibitory action of a high glucose environment on specific components of the canonical Wnt pathway, and the putative compensatory effects of PTHrP, in osteoblastic cell cultures. Mouse osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells and primary cultures of fetal mouse calvaria were exposed to normal (5.5 mM) or high (25 mM) D‐glucose (HG), with or without PTHrP (1–36) or PTHrP (107–139) for different times. In some experiments, MC3T3‐E1 cells were incubated with the Wnt pathway activators Wnt3a and LiCl, or were transfected with plasmids encoding either a mutated β‐catenin that cannot be targeted for degradation or a human PTHrP (−36/+139) cDNA, or the corresponding empty plasmid, in the presence or absence of HG. The gene expression of Wnt3a and low density receptor‐like proteins (LRP)‐5 and 6, as well as β‐catenin protein stabilization and β‐catenin‐dependent transcription activity were evaluated. Oxidative stress status under HG condition was also assessed. The present data demonstrate that HG can target different components of the canonical Wnt pathway, while β‐catenin degradation appears to be a key event leading to inhibition of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in mouse osteoblastic cells. Both PTHrP peptides tested were able to counteract this deleterious action of HG. These in vitro findings also provide new clues to understand the underlying mechanisms whereby PTHrP can increase bone formation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1908–1916, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heat and radiofrequency plasma glow discharge pretreatment of a titanium alloy: Eveidence for enhanced osteoinductive properties
Authors: Rapuano Bruce E. , Singh Herman , Boskey Adele L. , Doty Stephen B. , MacDonald Daniel E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIt is believed that orthopedic and implant longevity can be improved by optimizing fixation, or direct bone‐implant contact, through the stimulation of new bone formation around the implant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether heat (600°C) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD) pretreatment of Ti6Al4V stimulated calcium‐phosphate mineral formation in cultures of attached MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cells with or without a fibronectin coating. Calcium‐phosphate mineral was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/electron dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDAX) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). RFGD and heat pretreatments produced a general pattern of increased total soluble calcium levels, although the effect of heat pretreatment was greater than that of RFGD. SEM/EDAX showed the presence of calcium‐and phosphorus‐containing particles on untreated and treated disks that were more numerous on fibronectin‐coated disks. These particles were observed earliest (1 week) on RFGD‐pretreated surfaces. FTIR analyses showed that the heat pretreatment produced a general pattern of increased levels of apatite mineral at 2–4 weeks; a greater effect was observed for fibronectin‐coated disks compared to uncoated disks. The observed findings suggest that heat pretreatment of Ti6Al4V increased the total mass of the mineral formed in MC3T3 osteoprogenitor cell cultures more than RFGD while the latter pretreatment hastened the early deposition of mineral. These findings help to support the hypothesis that the pretreatments enhance the osteoinductive properties of the alloy. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1917–1927, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aldolase sequesters WASP and affects WASP/Arp2/3‐stimulated actin dynamics
Authors: Lew Carolyn Ritterson , Tolan Dean R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn addition to its roles in sugar metabolism, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphate aldolase (aldolase) has been implicated in cellular functions independent from these roles, termed “moonlighting functions.” These moonlighting functions likely involve the known aldolase–actin interaction, as many proteins with which aldolase interacts are involved in actin‐dependent processes. Specifically, aldolase interacts both in vitro and in cells with Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein (WASP), a protein involved in controlling actin dynamics, yet the function of this interaction remains unknown. Here, the effect of aldolase on WASP‐dependent processes in vitro and in cells is investigated. Aldolase inhibits WASP/Arp2/3‐dependent actin polymerization in vitro. In cells, knockdown of aldolase results in a decreased rate of cell motility and cell spreading, two WASP‐dependent processes. Expression of exogenous aldolase rescues these defects. Whether these effects of aldolase on WASP‐dependent processes were due to aldolase catalysis or moonlighting functions is tested using aldolase variants defective in either catalytic or actin‐binding activity. While the actin‐binding deficient aldolase variant is unable to inhibit actin polymerization in vitro and is unable to rescue cell motility defects in cells, the catalytically inactive aldolase is able to perform these functions, providing evidence that aldolase moonlighting plays a role in WASP‐mediated processes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1928–1939, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Representations and Visual Synthesis in Engineering Design
Authors: Juhl Joakim , Lindegaard Hanne 
Published: March 2013

BackgroundEngineers who engage with innovation and design rely on cooperation and knowledge sharing across multiple disciplines. However, the traditional engineering curriculum promotes and emphasizes engineering sciences and monodisciplinary skills and gives less priority to important collaborative skills such as sketching and visualization.PurposeThis article addresses how students engage with engineering design challenges and use visual representations to develop and integrate recognitions. Our study explores how technical, analytical disciplinary competences are combined with those of qualitative, ethnographic user studies.Design/MethodThrough a qualitative field study and an analysis of a collection of representations produced during a design process by a team of engineering students, the role of representations in the early stages of collaborative engineering design is explored. After reassembling the representations according to dates and themes, we deployed various perspectives from science and technology studies and engineering studies to assess the students' epistemic journey.ResultsRepresentations not only communicate findings but also incorporate analysis in their creation, and facilitate what we call collaborative design synthesis. Successful representations present and organize recognitions so that they are recognizable across other disciplines and can be integrated into new recognitions. Representations therefore shape the collaborative base of the design process and emphasize the important competences that can produce them.ConclusionsThe analysis shows that collaborative design synthesis is an epistemology consisting of (1) exploration, (2) inscription, (3) collection, and (4) combining and refining. The important ability of representations to draw together is termed transferability, and the competence to produce them, disciplinary mastery.
Out‐of‐School Media Representations of Science and Technology and their Relevance for Engineering Learning
Authors: Tang Kok‐Sing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundMany adolescents develop ideas about and attitudes toward engineering through their exposure to out‐of‐school representations of science and technology. Yet few studies have investigated the nature of these representations and found ways to use them in formal engineering learning.PurposeThis article explores media representations of science and technology that today's adolescents are familiar with. It analyzes how the embedded representations compare with those found in academic engineering and examines how these representations influence students' knowledge of and dispositions toward engineering.Design/MethodIn a design‐based research project, a group of high school students personally selected texts (found in magazines, videos, Web sites) related to topics of mechanics and electricity. A constant comparative method was used to analyze student interviews, while discourse analysis was used to analyze their selected texts. The analyses of two exemplary texts, aMotor Trendautomobile magazine article and aMythbusterstelevision episode, are presented to illustrate the main findings.ResultsSeveral characteristics of out‐of‐school representations are similar to engineering representations in their explanations of technically complex systems, prototype building, and testing. Out‐of‐school representations also present contrasting views of technology due to the diverging practices and rhetorical purposes of media professionals. This contrast poses affective challenges for beginning engineering students.ConclusionsBecause out‐of‐school representations have the potential to shape adolescents' interests, we need to understand how they create both opportunities and obstacles for engineering education and public communication.
Colorimetric and microscopic study of the thermal behavior of new ceramic pigments
Authors: Saviuc‐Paval Ana Mihaela , Victor Sandu Andrei , Marcel Popa Ionel , Anca Sandu Irina Crina , Petru Bertea Andrei , Sandu Ion 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe article studies thermal resistance variation by analyzing the colorimetric parameters correlated with the optical microscopy data of two groups of ceramic pigments obtained by co‐precipitation in aqueous medium of phosphate anion and of a mixture of chromium phosphate with various chromophore cations. This research enabled us to reveal the thermal thresholds/domains within which significant color changes occur, thus allowing the choice of pigments compatible with the thermal varnishing‐glazing processes involved in the manufacture of tesserae for mosaic and stained glass and of colored materials for floor tiles, wall tiles and painted porcelain. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:564–571, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of the olfactory receptor organs, their GABAergic neural pathways, and modulation of mating behavior, in the giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Authors: Kruangkum Thanapong , Chotwiwatthanakun Charoonroj , Vanichviriyakit Rapeepun , Tinikul Yotsawan , Anuracpreeda Panat , Wanichanon Chaitip , Hanna Peter J. , Sobhon Prasert 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn the giant male prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the olfactory system is thought to be the main pathway for modulating sexual behavior through pheromone perception. In this report, we first used gross anatomical, histological, and SEM methods to describe the structures of the olfactory receptors (sensilla setae), their neural pathways, and possible role in modulating mating behavior. On the surfaces of antennule and antenna filaments there are four types of sensory receptors, viz single spike‐like setae, single flagellum‐like setae, multiple flagella‐like setae, and aesthetascs (ASs). The ASs, which had previously been proposed to be odor receptor setae, are found only on the short filament of lateral antennule (slAn). Each AS on the slAn connects with olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), whose axons form an outer central antennule nerve (ocAnNv), which then connects with the olfactory neutrophil (ON) of the brain. Thus, the slAn is the major olfactory organ that conveys sensory inputs from each AS to the ON within the deutocerebrum. GABA immunoreactivity was present in ASs, neurons of ORNs, inner central antennular, lateral tegumentary nerve, ocAnNv and the ON, inferring that GABA is the likely neurotransmitter in modulating olfaction. Disruption of the slAn by ablation or covering with Vaseline, resulted in significant reduction of mating behavior, indicating that this organ is crucial for sex pheromone perception. Identification of the active pheromones and further bioassays are now being performed.Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:572–587, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beyond statistical prediction: qualitative evaluation of the mechanisms by which pediatric early warning scores impact patient safety
Authors: Bonafide Christopher P. , Roberts Kathryn E. , Weirich Christine M. , Paciotti Breah , Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Keren Ron , Barg Frances K. , Holmes John H. 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUNDEarly warning scores (EWSs) assign points to clinical observations and generate scores to help clinicians identify deteriorating patients. Despite marginal predictive accuracy in retrospective datasets and a paucity of studies prospectively evaluating their clinical effectiveness, pediatric EWSs are commonly used.OBJECTIVETo identify mechanisms beyond their statistical ability to predict deterioration by which physicians and nurses use EWSs to support their decision making.DESIGNQualitative study.SETTINGA children's hospital with a rapid response system.PARTICIPANTSPhysicians and nurses who recently cared for patients with false‐positive and false‐negative EWSs (score failures).INTERVENTIONSemistructured interviews.MEASUREMENTSThemes identified through grounded theory analysis.RESULTSFour themes emerged among the 57 subjects interviewed: (1) The EWS facilitates safety by alerting physicians and nurses to concerning changes and prompting them to think critically about deterioration. (2) The EWS provides less‐experienced nurses with vital sign reference ranges. (3) The EWS serves as evidence that empowers nurses to overcome barriers to escalating care. (4) In stable patients, those with baseline abnormal physiology, and those experiencing neurologic deterioration, the EWS may not be helpful.CONCLUSIONSAlthough pediatric EWSs have marginal performance when applied to datasets, clinicians who recently experienced score failures still considered them valuable to identify deterioration and transcend hierarchical barriers. Combining an EWS with a clinician's judgment may result in a system better equipped to respond to deterioration than retrospective data analyses alone would suggest. Future research should seek to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of EWSs in real‐world settings. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:248–253. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Six‐week gait retraining program reduces knee adduction moment, reduces pain, and improves function for individuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Shull Pete B. , Silder Amy , Shultz Rebecca , Dragoo Jason L. , Besier Thor F. , Delp Scott L. , Cutkosky Mark R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examined the influence of a 6‐week gait retraining program on the knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee pain and function. Ten subjects with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and self‐reported knee pain participated in weekly gait retraining sessions over 6 weeks. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores and a 10‐point visual‐analog pain scale score were measured at baseline, post‐training (end of 6 weeks), and 1 month after training ended. Gait retraining reduced the first peak KAM by 20% (p < 0.01) post‐training as a result of a 7° decrease in foot progression angle (i.e., increased internal foot rotation), compared to baseline (p < 0.01). WOMAC pain and function scores were improved at post‐training by 29% and 32%, respectively (p < 0.05) and visual‐analog pain scale scores improved by two points (p < 0.05). Changes in WOMAC pain and function were approximately 75% larger than the expected placebo effect (p < 0.05). Changes in KAM, foot progression angle, WOMAC pain and function, and visual‐analog pain score were retained 1 month after the end of the 6‐week training period (p < 0.05). These results show that a 6‐week gait retraining program can reduce the KAM and improve symptoms for individuals with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis and knee pain. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1020–1025, 2013
Speleothem constraints on marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 relative sea levels, Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: MOSELEY GINA E. , SMART PETER L. , RICHARDS DAVID A. , HOFFMANN DIRK L. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRates of sea‐level fall at the termination of the last interglacial are poorly defined and archives from which sea‐level elevations are constrained during marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 in the western North Atlantic–Caribbean region are restricted spatially to a few key sites. Here, growth periods of presently submerged but subaerially deposited speleothems from the Yucatan Peninsula, south‐east Mexico, are dated using the 230Th/234U multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric method. The growth periods, used to constrain maximum elevations of relative sea level, are in agreement with glacio‐isostatic adjustment models for the near to intermediate region of the former North American ice sheets. Furthermore, our data provide additional constraints on the timing of peak relative sea levels during MIS 5a and 5c, and the timing of the regression following the last interglacial highstand. Combining our data with coral archives of minimum relative sea level from the same region provides a novel approach to calculating the rate of relative sea‐level fall, although initial estimates are poorly constrained because of the wide range in ages observed for the most suitable corals. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dem Trend in der Automobilindustrie folgen
Authors: Hasse Holger 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSind Sie Besitzer eines Automobils mit einer Erstzulassung ab etwa 2001? Wenn ja, dann sind Sie von Lasererzeugnissen förmlich umgeben. Denn seit gut einer Dekade werden neben den Airbags sowie Stahl‐ und Karosserieanwendungen, den bekanntesten Laseranwendungen im Automobilesektor, einige interessante Applikationen mehr im Automotive‐Bereich mittels CO2‐Lasertechnik realisiert.
Schaum überbrückt Fügespalt
Authors: Wissemborski Rüdiger , Klein Rolf 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLaserstrahlschweißen von thermoplastischen Kunststoffen kann heute bei der industriellen Herstellung von Kunststoffbauteilen zu den etablierten Fügeverfahren gezählt werden [1,2]. Das als Laserdurchstrahlschweißen bekannte Verfahren wird in Branchen wie Automobilbau, Medizintechnik, Elektronik oder Haushaltswaren erfolgreich eingesetzt.Als Verfahrensvarianten des Laserdurchstrahlschweißens haben sich bevorzugt das Konturschweißen und das Quasisimultanschweißen in der industriellen Praxis durchgesetzt. Speziell beim Laserkonturschweißen können vorhandene Fügespalte zu Störungen des Schweißprozesses mit verminderter Nahtqualität führen. Das neu entwickelte LIS‐Verfahren (Laser‐induziertes Schäumen) zum gezielten Aufschäumen von Kunststoffen durch Laserstrahlung kann hier Abhilfe leisten. Das LIS‐Verfahren wurde ursprünglich für das Laserstrahlmarkieren entwickelt, um erhabene Strukturen (z.B. Blindenschrift) auf der Kunststoffoberfläche zu erzeugen.
The effects of microwave heating on edible oils and lipid‐containing food
Authors: Inchingolo Raffaella , Cardenia Vladimiro , Rodriguez‐Estrada Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLipids and lipid‐containing foods are particularly sensitive to microwave heating as the specific heat of lipids is low and thus they are quickly warmed up. Microwave heating mainly promotes lipid oxidation, but it can also cause lipolysis and polymerization. This cooking method can differently impact lipid oxidation depending on the treatment conditions used (power, temperature and time), as well as on food composition. This review provides a picture of the main degradation effects of microwave heating on vegetable oils and lipid‐containing foods with emphasis on both fatty acids and cholesterol oxidation.
Using stable isotopes to trace diet‐induced shifts in pathways of lipid metabolism
Authors: Pu Shuaihua , Yang Haifeng , Jones Peter J.H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAdvances in the use of stable isotopes in tracer methodology have clearly improved our capacity to investigate in vivo lipid metabolism in humans. The introduction of the isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) provides higher precision of measurement of isotopic enrichment to track shifts in diet on the flux of tracers through metabolic pathways. Novel applications using stable isotopes including 2H, 13C, and 18O have allowed important discoveries to be made in areas of fat and cholesterol metabolism in ways that have assisted in understanding diet‐disease relationships.
Graphene Enhances the Shape Memory of Poly (acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) Grafted on Graphene
Authors: Dong Jun , Ding Jiabao , Weng Jian , Dai Lizong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAcrylamide and acrylic acid are grafted on graphene by free‐radical polymerization to produce a series of graphene–poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) hybrid materials with different contents of graphene. The materials demonstrate shape memory effect and self‐healing ability when the content of graphene is in the range of 10%–30% even though poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) itself had poor shape memory ability. The permanent shape of the materials can be recovered well after 20 cycles of cut and self‐healing. The result is attributed to the hard–soft design that can combine nonreversible “cross‐link” by grafting copolymer on graphene and reversible “cross‐link” utilizing the “zipper effect” of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) to form or dissociate the hydrogen‐bond network stimulated by external heating.
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