bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicated Prevention of Childhood Anxiety and Depression: Results From a Practice-Based Study up to 12 Months After Intervention
Authors: Kösters Mia P. , Chinapaw Mai J. M. , Zwaanswijk Marieke , van der Wal Marcel F. , Koot Hans M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We investigated whether intervention effects of FRIENDS for Life, a school-based prevention program for children with anxiety or depression symptoms, were maintained over a period of 12 months after the intervention in a naturalistic setting. Methods. We used a quasi-experimental design, with 339 children in the intervention group and 157 in the control group (aged 8–13 years) in schools in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. We collected self-, teacher, and peer reports of anxiety and depression scores before and after intervention, and 6 and 12 months after intervention, from 2010 to 2012. Results. Intervention-group children reported a continuing and significant decrease in anxiety and depression scores compared with the control group. Twelve months after the intervention, participants’ anxiety and depression levels were comparable to those of the general population. Girls reported a stronger decrease in anxiety scores than did boys. Teacher reports suggested no effects. Although classmates reported increased internalizing problems in intervention-group children immediately after intervention, these effects disappeared over time. Conclusions. FRIENDS for Life, an indicated prevention program, yielded long-lasting and continuing reduction in anxiety and depression problems when implemented in daily school practice.
Firearm Prevalence and Homicides of Law Enforcement Officers in the United States
Authors: Swedler David I. , Simmons Molly M. , Dominici Francesca , Hemenway David 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. In the United States, state firearm ownership has been correlated with homicide rates. More than 90% of homicides of law enforcement officers (LEOs) are committed with firearms. We examined the relationship between state firearm ownership rates and LEO occupational homicide rates.Methods. We obtained the number LEOs killed from 1996 to 2010 from a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) database. We calculated homicide rates per state as the number of officers killed per number of LEOs per state, obtained from another FBI database. We obtained the mean household firearm ownership for each state from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.Results. Using Poisson regression and controlling for factors known to affect homicide rates, we associated firearm ownership with the homicide rates for LEOs (incidence rate ratio = 1.044; P = .005); our results were supported by cross-sectional and longitudinal sensitivity analyses. LEO homicide rates were 3 times higher in states with high firearm ownership compared with states with low firearm ownership.Conclusions. High public gun ownership is a risk for occupational mortality for LEOs in the United States. States could consider methods for reducing firearm ownership as a way to reduce occupational deaths of LEOs.
Suicide Rates and State Laws Regulating Access and Exposure to Handguns
Authors: Anestis Michael D. , Anestis Joye C. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. Using previous research, we examined the impact of 4 handgun laws (waiting periods, universal background checks, gun locks, and open carrying regulations) on suicide rates. Methods. We used publicly available databases to collect information on statewide laws, suicide rates, and demographic characteristics for 2013. Results. Each law was associated with significantly lower firearm suicide rates and the proportion of suicides resulting from firearms. In addition, each law, except for that which required a waiting period, was associated with a lower overall suicide rate. Follow-up analyses showed a significant indirect effect on overall suicide rates through the proportion of suicides by firearms, indicating that the reduced overall suicide rate was attributable to fewer suicide attempts, fewer handguns in the home, suicide attempts using less lethal means, or a combination of these factors. States that implemented any of these laws saw a decreased suicide rate in subsequent years, whereas the only state that repealed 1 of these laws saw an increased suicide rate. Conclusions. Our results were supportive of a potentially vital role in suicide prevention for state legislation that limits access and exposure to handguns.
“What Is Our Story?” Philip Morris’s Changing Corporate Narrative
Authors: McDaniel Patricia A. , Malone Ruth E. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We sought to learn how employees reacted to changes in the corporate narrative of Philip Morris Companies (PMC) in the late 1990s and early 2000s. Methods. We analyzed archival internal tobacco industry documents about PMC’s creation of a new corporate story. Results. In response to litigation and public opprobrium, PMC replaced its market success–oriented corporate narrative with a new one centered on responsibility. Although management sought to downplay inconsistencies between the old and new narratives, some employees reportedly had difficulty reconciling them, concerned that the responsibility focus might affect company profitability. However, others embraced the new narrative, suggesting radical ideas to prevent youth smoking. These ideas were not adopted. Conclusions. PMC’s new narrative was unconvincing to many of its employees, who perceived it either as a threat to the company’s continued profits or as incongruous with what they had previously been told. As it had done with the public, PMC misled its employees in explaining a narrative repositioning that would help the company continue business as usual. Moving toward a tobacco endgame will require ongoing discursive and symbolic efforts to disrupt this narrative.
Extensive Heterotopic Ossification After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Aspey Brad , Park Howard Young , Ostrander Roger 
Published: August 2015

Case:
A sixty-three-year-old woman who underwent routine arthroscopic rotator cuff repair developed extensive heterotopic ossification postoperatively. She required a reoperation for excision.

Conclusion:
Heterotopic ossification should be included in the differential diagnosis for postoperative stiffness after an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Feasibility and Evaluation of Surfactants and Gas Lift in Combination as a Severe-Slugging-Suppression Method
Authors: Sarica Cem , Yuan Ge , Shang Wei , Pereyra Eduardo , Kouba Gene 
Published: August 2015

Summary
An experimental study of severe-slugging suppression by use of a combination of surfactants and gas lift was conducted with a facility comprising a 3-in.-inner-diameter, 65-ft-long, -3°-inclined flowline, followed by a 45-ft-long vertical-riser system. Air and water were used as fluids. The surfactant used was a foaming agent capable of forming stable foams in all brines for a wide range of pH values. Pressure behavior in the flowline/riser system was monitored, and input-gas-, injection-gas-, liquid-, and surfactant-flow rates were measured continuously. In addition, visual observations were made to identify severe slugging. Effects of the proposed method were quantified with a modified elimination performance index (MEPI) that considered not only pressure fluctuations, but also backpressure effects.
Thirty tests were conducted. The data were analyzed for the severe-slugging suppression of the combination of surfactant and gas lift, the effect of gas lift on surfactant injection, and the effect of the surfactant on the reduction of the gas lift gas. The combination technique with the highest gas lift rate completely eliminated the severe slugging for all tests conducted. Surfactants were able to suppress severe slugging for most of the cases. The performance of the ’only-surfactant injection case’ increases as the gas/liquid ratio increases. For all of the tests, backpressure reduction was observed. The MEPI is used as the main parameter to assess the performance of the severe-slugging-suppression methods. Gas lift not only contributes to density reduction through volumetric increase of gas in the riser, but it also reduces the mixture density by promoting more foam generation. There were reductions in the gas lift rate from the original maximum gas lift injection rate for all the tests conducted with surfactant injection.
Using the GPU to Design Complex Profile Extrusion Dies
Authors: Gonçalves N. D. , Pereira S. P. , Ferrás L. L. , Nóbrega J. M. , Carneiro O. S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the present work the benefits of using graphics processing units (GPU) to aid the design of complex geometry profile extrusion dies, are studied. For that purpose, a 3D finite volume based code that employs unstructured meshes to solve and couple the continuity, momentum and energy conservation equations governing the fluid flow, together with a constitutive equation, was used. To evaluate the possibility of reducing the calculation time spent on the numerical calculations, the numerical code was parallelized in the GPU, using a simple programing approach without complex memory manipulations. For verification purposes, simulations were performed for three benchmark problems: Poiseuille flow, lid-driven cavity flow and flow around a cylinder. Subsequently, the code was used on the design of two real life extrusion dies for the production of a medical catheter and a wood plastic composite decking profile. To evaluate the benefits, the results obtained with the GPU parallelized code were compared, in terms of speedup, with a serial implementation of the same code, that traditionally runs on the central processing unit (CPU). The results obtained show that, even with the simple parallelization approach employed, it was possible to obtain a significant reduction of the computation times.
Mechanical Properties, Morphologies and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid) Toughened by Waste Rubber Powder
Authors: Yang J.-N. , Nie S.-B. , Ding G.-X. , Wang Z.-F. , Gao J.-S. , Zhu J.-B. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
To improve the impact resistance and reduce the product cost, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends containing varying mass fraction of waste rubber powder (WRP) were fabricated via melt compounding. The effects of WRP contents on the mechanical properties, morphologies and thermal stabilities of PLA/WRP blends were investigated. Mechanical tests showed that WRP could increase the ductilities of PLA, leading to the significant improvements in the impact toughness and elongation at break. In contrast, the tensile strength was just heightened slightly, while elastic modulus declined gradually. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that well bonded interfacial morphologies were formed between PLA and WRP. From the results of thermo gravimetric analysis, WRP decreased the onset and peak decomposition temperatures of PLA phase and increased the char contents of samples significantly. Average activation energies of samples were increased first and then decreased with increasing WRP. Finally, theoretical lifetimes of PLA/WRP blends were also estimated.
Heat Transfer Coefficient in Injection Molding of Polymers
Authors: Heinle M. , Drummer D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A polymer's thermal conditions during processing in injection molding define the polymer's structure and with this the properties of the final part. Thus prediction of the temperature in the part during processing is of great interest here. One important value for calculating the temperature is the heat transfer coefficient (HTC), or the thermal contact resistance (TCR) between polymer and mold. Because of this, significant work has been done on this topic. This article gives an impression of the importance of HTC in injection molding and an overview over work conducted in measuring and calculating the HTC and the up to now known influences on it.
Migración, inseguridad y vulnerabilidad en el corredor del Golfo de México
Authors: Córdova Rosío , Rodríguez Hipólito 
Published: August 2015

Since the 1980s, the different crises that have taken place in the south of Mexico and Central America have raised the migrant flow to the United States. In parallel, these crises have contributed to make the journey for those who want to gain access to the American market more difficult and unsafe. Although legal measures have tried to stop the flow of migrants, in the last decade migrants have faced other kinds of non-legal obstacles that make dangerous their displacement. This article explores the process that has led to conditions of insecurity and vulnerability for migrants. It is focused on the corridor of the Gulf of Mexico, one of the main routes of migration to the territory of the United States. Spanish
Desde los años ochenta del siglo pasado, diversas crisis económicas han detonado en el sur de México y en Centroamérica el incremento del flujo migratorio hacia EEUU. Colateralmente, las mismas crisis han propiciado la emergencia de circunstancias que hacen más difícil e inseguro el desplazamiento de quienes buscan acceder al mercado de trabajo de ese país. Si bien el crecimiento del flujo ha intentado ser detenido por medio de medidas legales, en la última década los migrantes han encontrado otro tipo de obstáculos no legales que han vuelto sumamente peligroso su tránsito. Este artículo explora el proceso que ha originado condiciones de inseguridad y vulnerabilidad para la población migrante y centra su atención en el corredor del Golfo de México, un territorio por el que pasa una de las principales rutas del movimiento migratorio hacia territorio estadounidense. French
Dans les années 1980, différentes crises économiques sont survenues dans le sud du Mexique et en Amérique centrale, favorisant ainsi l'essor de la migration vers les États-Unis. Par ailleurs, ces mêmes crises ont conduit à l'émergence de circonstances qui ont rendu difficiles et dangereux les déplacements des individus souhaitant accéder au marché du travail de ce pays. Alors que la tendance première des politiques avait été de restreindre l'essor des flux par des mesures légales, dans la dernière décennie, les migrants feront face à d'autres types d'obstacles non juridiques qui auront pour effet de rendre leur transit extrêmement dangereux. Cet article analyse le processus ayant conduit à l'émergence des conditions d'insécurité et de vulnérabilité chez les migrants et se concentre sur le corridor du golfe du Mexique, reconnu comme étant la principale zone de transit des flux migratoires en direction des Etats-Unis.
Genome size determination of <i>Eclipta alba</i> and <i>Aloe barbadensis </i>
Authors: Roy Anggana , Bashir Yasir , Rather Irfan Ahmad , Konwar Bolin Kumar 
Published: August 2015

<p class="Abstract">There is abundant genetic diversity of pharmacologically important plants around the globe and this pool of genetic variation serves as the base for selection as well as for plant improvement. The major cause of such genetic diversity is the variation in their genetic material, as called genome. In the present study, an attempt was made to determine the genome size of <em>Eclipta alba</em> and <em>Aloe barbadensis</em> by flow cytometry using Pisum sativum as a reference standard. The nuclear DNA was calculated as 8.7 pg for <em>E. alba</em> and 9.0 pg for <em>A. barbadensis</em>. The genome size of <em>E. alba</em> and <em>A. barbadensis</em> was estimated to be 4.27 x 10<sup>9</sup> bp and 4.42 x 10<sup>9</sup> bp, respectively. Information on genome size and DNA content of these two pharmacologically important plants would provide a useful tool for future molecular biological investigations.</p><p> </p>
Cytotype distribution patterns, ecological differentiation, and genetic structure in a diploid–tetraploid contact zone of Cardamine amara
Authors: Zozomová‐Lihová Judita , Malánová‐Krásná Iva , Vít Petr , Urfus Tomáš , Senko Dušan , Svitok Marek , Kempa Matúš , Marhold Karol 
Published: August 2015

• Premise of the study: Contact zones between diploids and their autopolyploid descendants represent a unique evolutionary venue for studying polyploid establishment, cytotype coexistence, and interactions. Here, we examine cytotype coexistence in a diploid–tetraploid contact zone of a perennial herb, Cardamine amara, located north of the Alps by assessing cytotype spatial patterns, ecological divergence, and genetic variation and structure.• Methods: Flow cytometry was applied to screen DNA ploidy levels in 302 populations (3296 individuals) and the genetic variation of a selection of 25 populations was examined using microsatellite and AFLP markers. Environmental (landscape and climatic) data were analyzed to assess ecological differentiation between the cytotypes.• Key results: A parapatric distribution of the cytotypes with a relatively wide (over 100 km in some regions) secondary contact zone was identified. Mixed‐ploidy populations, documented for the first time in this species, as well as triploid individuals were found along the diploid–tetraploid borderline. Different climatic requirements of the two main cytotypes were revealed, mirrored in their altitudinal separation. The tetraploids were genetically differentiated from both the diploids and the modeled, in silico autotetraploid genotypes, in accordance with the assumed polyploid origin and spread linked to past glaciations, and largely independent evolution in allopatry.• Conclusions: The observed spatial and genetic patterns likely reflect the evolutionary and colonization history of the two cytotypes and have been maintained by multiple factors such as ecological divergence, limited gene flow between the cytotypes, and the restricted dispersal capacity.
Hip Resurfacing Implants
Authors: Cadossi Matteo , Tedesco Giuseppe , Sambri Andrea , Mazzotti Antonio , Giannini Sandro 
Published: August 2015

Educational Objectives

As a result of reading this article, physicians should be able to:

1.
Describe the advantages of hip resurfacing.

2.
Describe the disadvantages of hip resurfacing.

3.
Identify the population in which hip resurfacing is most often indicated.

4.
Demonstrate how to properly postoperatively manage patients with metal-on-metal prostheses.

Hip resurfacing offers a suitable solution for young patients affected by hip disease who have high function demands and good bone quality. Bone stock preservation, restoration of the normal proximal femur anatomy, the lack of stress shielding, and the possibility of resuming sporting activity are proven advantages of hip resurfacing. However, there are some disadvantages, such as fracture of the femoral neck, onset of neck narrowing, and possible complications due to the metal-on-metal bearings, including pseudotumors, peri-implant osteolysis, and chronic elevation of metal ions in serum levels. Recent data suggest that the ideal candidate for hip resurfacing is an active male, younger than 65 years, with primary or posttraumatic osteoarthritis, and with a femoral head diameter larger than 50 to 54 mm. Based on these selection criteria, the literature reports implant survival to be similar to that of total hip arthroplasty. The current authors’ experience confirms a low failure rate and excellent functional outcomes, with metal ion serum levels becoming stable over time in well-functioning implants. Proper surgical technique, correct patient selection, and the right choice of a well-established prosthetic model are essential elements for the long-term success of these implants. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(8):504–509.]
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression Underlies Distinct Disease Profiles in Tuberculosis
Authors: Andrade Bruno B. , Pavan Kumar Nathella , Amaral Eduardo P. , Riteau Nicolas , Mayer-Barber Katrin D. , Tosh Kevin W. , Maier Nolan , Conceição Elisabete L. , Kubler Andre , Sridhar Rathinam , Banurekha Vaithilingam V. , Jawahar Mohideen S. , Barbosa Theolis , Manganiello Vincent C. , Moss Joel , Fontana Joseph R. , Marciano Beatriz E. , Sampaio Elizabeth P. , Olivier Kenneth N. , Holland Steven M. , Jackson Sharon H. , Moayeri Mahtab , Leppla Stephen , Sereti Irini , Barber Daniel L. , Nutman Thomas B. , Babu Subash , Sher Alan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by oxidative stress and lung tissue destruction by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The interplay between these distinct pathological processes and the implications for TB diagnosis and disease staging are poorly understood. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels were previously shown to distinguish active from latent TB, as well as successfully treated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. MMP-1 expression is also associated with active TB. In this study, we measured plasma levels of these two important biomarkers in distinct TB cohorts from India and Brazil. Patients with active TB expressed either very high levels of HO-1 and low levels of MMP-1 or the converse. Moreover, TB patients with either high HO-1 or MMP-1 levels displayed distinct clinical presentations, as well as plasma inflammatory marker profiles. In contrast, in an exploratory North American study, inversely correlated expression of HO-1 and MMP-1 was not observed in patients with other nontuberculous lung diseases. To assess possible regulatory interactions in the biosynthesis of these two enzymes at the cellular level, we studied the expression of HO-1 and MMP-1 in M. tuberculosis–infected human and murine macrophages. We found that infection of macrophages with live virulent M. tuberculosis is required for robust induction of high levels of HO-1 but not MMP-1. In addition, we observed that CO, a product of M. tuberculosis–induced HO-1 activity, inhibits MMP-1 expression by suppressing c-Jun/AP-1 activation. These findings reveal a mechanistic link between oxidative stress and tissue remodeling that may find applicability in the clinical staging of TB patients.
Role of B Cells in Mucosal Vaccine–Induced Protective CD8+ T Cell Immunity against Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Khera Amandeep K. , Afkhami Sam , Lai Rocky , Jeyanathan Mangalakumari , Zganiacz Anna , Mandur Talveer , Hammill Joni , Damjanovic Daniela , Xing Zhou 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a role of B cells in host defense against primary pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). However, the role of B cells in TB vaccine–induced protective T cell immunity still remains unknown. Using a viral-vectored model TB vaccine and a number of experimental approaches, we have investigated the role of B cells in respiratory mucosal vaccine–induced T cell responses and protection against pulmonary TB. We found that respiratory mucosal vaccination activated Ag-specific B cell responses. Whereas respiratory mucosal vaccination elicited Ag-specific T cell responses in the airway and lung interstitium of genetic B cell–deficient (Jh−/− knockout [KO]) mice, the levels of airway T cell responses were lower than in wild-type hosts, which were associated with suboptimal protection against pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. However, mucosal vaccination induced T cell responses in the airway and lung interstitium and protection in B cell–depleted wild-type mice to a similar extent as in B cell–competent hosts. Furthermore, by using an adoptive cell transfer approach, reconstitution of B cells in vaccinated Jh−/− KO mice did not enhance anti-TB protection. Moreover, respiratory mucosal vaccine–activated T cells alone were able to enhance anti-TB protection in SCID mice, and the transfer of vaccine-primed B cells alongside T cells did not further enhance such protection. Alternatively, adoptively transferring vaccine-primed T cells from Jh−/− KO mice into SCID mice only provided suboptimal protection. These data together suggest that B cells play a minimal role, and highlight a central role by T cells, in respiratory mucosal vaccine–induced protective immunity against M. tuberculosis.