bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The key role of intercultural competencies for effective integration: from theory to practice
Authors: Pinna Pintor Stella , Premazzi Viviana 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore how intercultural competencies impact the employment of young people, and to showcase virtuous examples of practices by the University of Turin and the company Global Mindset Development.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon a comprehensive review of relevant literature, this paper highlights the theoretical foundations of intercultural competencies and their relevance to labor market integration. It examines their multidimensional nature, encompassing knowledge, skills, attitudes and awareness necessary for individuals to effectively navigate and engage with diverse cultural contexts. The paper then presents several good and promising practices realized by the University of Turin and the training and consultancy company Global Mindset Development. Furthermore, it addresses potential challenges associated with developing and implementing intercultural competencies in practice.

Findings
The study enriches the body of literature on the importance of intercultural competencies for young workers acquired through experiences such as international mobility for labor market integration.

Originality/value
The study presents some innovative approaches to training through experiential and mobility training programs. These new examples of practices can inspire further research and implementation.
Real‐world safety and efficacy of biologics in elderly patients with psoriasis: A multicenter observational study
Authors: Ohata Chika , Anezaki Hisataka , Yanase Tetsuji , Katayama Eri , Kaneko Sakae , Saito Kanami , Yamane Mariko , Nakamaru Sei , Tsuruta Noriko , Okazaki Fusako , Ito Kotaro , Kikuchi Satoko , Koike Yuta , Miyagi Takuya , Sugita Kazunari , Nakahara Takeshi , Takezaki Daiki , Saruwatari Hiroshi , Yoshida Yuichi , Yonekura Kentaro , Higashi Yuko , Sawada Yu , Chinuki Yuko , Yamaguchi Kazuki , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClinical trials of biologics have frequently excluded elderly patients, resulting in inadequate data on their safety and efficacy. Additionally, evidence of their safety and efficacy remains limited, despite some real‐world studies. To assess the safety and efficacy of biologics in elderly patients with psoriasis, we compared these outcomes in younger patients using data from the West Japan Psoriasis Registry (WJPR). The WJPR consists of approximately 30 facilities in Western Japan, including various healthcare settings. This study enrolled 1395 patients who participated in the 2022 follow‐up survey of the WJPR and were either using or had used biologics during the survey. These included 456 patients in the elderly group (≥65 years) and 939 patients in the younger group (<65 years). Treatment‐ending adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 15.8% and 11.3% of elderly and younger patients, respectively. The incidence rate per 1000 patient‐years (PY) for TEAEs was significantly higher in elderly patients than in younger patients (32.9 vs 23.2, p = 0.0234). Infectious diseases were more prevalent in the elderly group than the younger group; however, no significant difference in the frequency of infectious diseases was found between the two groups (p = 0.0807). Malignant neoplasms occurred significantly more frequently in the elderly group than in the younger group (p = 0.0169). Our results indicate a few concerns about infection when prescribing biologics to elderly patients. Biologics were effective for both elderly and younger patients. We found no significant differences in the proportion of patients with a body surface area score ≤3%, Physician's Global Assessment score 0/1, or Patient's Global Assessment score 0/1, as well as in the mean Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Itch Numerical Rating Scale between the younger and the elderly groups. Overall, our results confirm the appropriateness of using biologics in elderly patients with regard to safety and efficacy.
Exposure to parental problem drinking during adolescence and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: A Swedish national cohort study
Authors: Brolin Låftman Sara , Östberg Viveca , Wahlström Joakim , Ramstedt Mats , Raninen Jonas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionPrevious research has shown associations between parental problem drinking and adverse mental health outcomes in children. However, while many studies assess parental alcohol problems based on clinical measures, longitudinal studies that investigate the impact of potentially less severe levels of parental alcohol problems are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine if the existence and severity of child‐reported parental problem drinking in adolescence is associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adult men and women.MethodsData was obtained from the Swedish national cohort study Futura01, including 3143 participants born in 2001 who were surveyed in 2017 (age 15–16) and 2022 (age 20–21). Parental problem drinking was measured at age 15–16 with the short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test. Depression and anxiety symptoms were measured at age 20–21 with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐4. Registry information on gender, parental education and parental country of birth were included as covariates.ResultsThe results demonstrated an exposure‐response pattern, with greater severity of parental problem drinking associated with an increased probability of reporting depression and anxiety symptoms 5 years later. The association between parental problem drinking and subsequent depression symptoms was however present only in females.Discussion and ConclusionsAdolescents exposed to parental problem drinking have elevated risks of long‐term adverse mental health. These risks increase with greater severity of parental problem drinking. It is thus crucial with efforts preventing parental problem drinking and efforts promoting health among children and adolescents who are exposed.
Metagenomic insights into nitrogen cycling functional gene responses to nitrogen fixation and transfer in maize–peanut intercropping
Authors: Dong Qiqi , Su Huijie , Sun Yuexin , Zhao Yubiao , Zhou Dongying , Wang Xiaoguang , Jiang Chunji , Liu Xibo , Zhong Chao , Zhang He , Kang Shuli , Zhao Xinhua , Yu Haiqiu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe fixation and transfer of biological nitrogen from peanuts to maize in maize–peanut intercropping systems play a pivotal role in maintaining the soil nutrient balance. However, the mechanisms through which root interactions regulate biological nitrogen fixation and transfer remain unclear. This study employed a 15N isotope labelling method to quantify nitrogen fixation and transfer from peanuts to maize, concurrently elucidating key microorganisms and genera in the nitrogen cycle through metagenomic sequencing. The results revealed that biological nitrogen fixation in peanut was 50 mg and transfer to maize was 230 mg when the roots interacted. Moreover, root interactions significantly increased nitrogen content and the activities of protease, dehydrogenase (DHO) and nitrate reductase in the rhizosphere soil. Metagenomic analyses and structural equation modelling indicated that nrfC and nirA genes played important roles in regulating nitrogen fixation and transfer. Bradyrhizobium was affected by soil nitrogen content and DHO, indirectly influencing the efficiency of nitrogen fixation and transfer. Overall, our study identified key bacterial genera and genes associated with nitrogen fixation and transfer, thus advancing our understanding of interspecific interactions and highlighting the pivotal role of soil microorganisms and functional genes in maintaining soil ecosystem stability from a molecular ecological perspective.
“The loving queer gaze”: The epistemological significance of queer joy
Authors: Wright JJ , Falek Joshua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article contends with queer joy as an epistemology to highlight an affective experience that grounds a basis for revising dominant approaches to sexual ethics. Drawing on findings from a mixed‐methods study with 100 2SLGBTQ+ young adults from Canada and the US, we argue that queer and trans people mobilize queer sexual joy as an epistemology of script breaking that led participants to explore freedom and play, enjoy novel forms of care and communality, and to challenge oppression. We found that 2SLGBTQ+ young adults are undermining dominant sexual cultures which perpetuate gender‐based violence through cisheteronormative logics of objectification and dominance. Rather than simply producing misery, normative sex and gender regimes produced a disorientation among 2SLGBTQ+ young adults which was fruitful for breaking sexual scripts and developing approaches to sex and relationships grounded in greater authenticity, creativity, reciprocity, play, and joy. We propose that by taking queer joy as a way of knowing, we may learn how queer and trans people negotiate the performativity of gender and sex, their own bodily knowledge, and the epistemic injustices that have precluded this knowledge from being valued. Pushing against the “joy deficit” in sociology that constrains the field to the study of the misery that minority communities face, this paper not only demonstrates what sociologists might learn from the texture of queer and trans lives, but also how these lessons can help to undermine cisheteronormativity as a root cause of gender‐based violence.
Proximal lateral insertion portal of an intra‐articular arthroscopic stifle lever: A cadaveric study
Authors: Lotsikas Peter J. , Ramsey Harrison D. , Kieves Nina R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo (1) Describe the proximal lateral insertion portal for the placement of an intra‐articular distraction lever. (2) Assess for associated damage with the insertion of the lever and (3) evaluate the impact of duration of lever use on articular cartilage damage.Study designEx vivo canine cadaveric experimental study.AnimalsPaired canine stifles from seven cadavers (14 stifles from dogs weighing >20 kg).MethodsA separate 0.5 cm proximal lateral portal was established adjacent to the lateral scope portal. A standard Ventura stifle thrust lever (VSTL) was inserted without removing the arthroscope. In Group A, the VSTL was placed in distraction for 5 min while in Group B the VSTL was placed for 10 min. The stifle joints were disarticulated and evaluated for associated damage to the long digital extensor tendon and iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) via India ink assay.ResultsNo damage to the long digital extensor tendon was noted in any of the specimens during dissection. Superficial IACI was present in all specimens. There were no differences between groups when assessing for overall IACI.ConclusionA proximal lateral portal and insertion of a standard VSTL can be performed without removing the arthroscope.Clinical significanceThe use of a proximal lateral lever portal without repositioning the arthroscope was repeatable without damaging the long digital extensor tendon. A duration of up to 10 min in which the thrust lever was engaged did not result in increased visual cartilage damage.
Engineering-Guided Deep Learning of Melt-Pool Dynamics for Additive Manufacturing Quality Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Yang Hui , Yang Zhuo , Lu Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) fabricates three-dimensional parts via layer-by-layer deposition and solidification of materials. Due to the complexity of this process, advanced sensing is increasingly employed to facilitate system visibility, leading to a large amount of high-dimensional and complex-structured data. While deep learning brings attractive characteristics for data-driven process monitoring and quality prediction, it is currently limited in the ability to assimilate engineering knowledge and offer model interpretability for understanding process–quality relationships. In addition, due to spatiotemporal correlations in AM, a melt-pool anomaly observed during fabrication is not always indicative of abnormal quality characteristics. There is a pressing need to go beyond pointwise analysis of melt pools and consider spatiotemporal effects for quality analysis. In this paper, we propose a novel feature learning framework guided by engineering knowledge for AM quality monitoring. First, engineering knowledge is integrated with deep learning to delineate various sources of process variations and extract melt-pool features that reflect quality-related relationships. Second, a 3D neighborhood model is designed to characterize spatiotemporal variations of melt pools based on their domain-informed features. The resulting 3D neighborhood profiles enable us to go beyond pointwise analysis of melt pools for capturing process–quality relationships. Finally, we built a regression model to predict internal density variations using 3D neighborhood profiles. Our experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework significantly outperforms traditional hand-crafted method and black-box learning in both the ability to provide quality-related features and predict internal density variations.
Effect of Shear Localization on Surface Residual Stress Distribution in Machining of Waspaloy
Authors: Yang Shenliang , Jin Xiaoliang , Engin Serafettin , Kountanya Raja , El-Wardany Tahany 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the machining of high-strength materials, shear localization in serrated chip formation leads to time-varying thermo-mechanical loads exerted by the cutting tool on the machined surface. This results in periodic changes to surface integrity. This article explains the formation mechanism of machined surface microfeatures and residual stress fluctuations associated with serrated chip formation, based on a finite element model of machining Waspaloy using the coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method. The model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimentally measured chip morphologies and machined surface profiles. During machining with a constant chip thickness, the machined surface exhibits a uniformly distributed residual stress pattern along the cutting velocity direction. However, increased cutting velocity and serrated chip formation cause periodic shear bands, leading to time-varying location of the stagnation point on the cutting tool. This results in variations in the workpiece material volume and the thermo-mechanical loads in the plowing region. After machining, the periodical variation in the elastic recovery of the plowed material at the bottom of the cutting tool creates waveforms on the finished surface, accompanied by fluctuations in residual stress at the same frequency as chip serration. The simulations quantitatively determine the normal/shear contact force at the tool-workpiece interfaces to reveal the effect of the time-varying stagnation point location on surface topographies and residual stress distributions.
Deep Learning Conceptual Design of Sit-to-Stand Parallel Motion Six-Bar Mechanisms
Authors: Lyu Zhijie , Purwar Anurag 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The sit-to-stand (STS) motion is a crucial activity in the daily lives of individuals, and its impairment can significantly impact independence and mobility, particularly among disabled individuals. Addressing this challenge necessitates the design of mobility assist devices that can simultaneously satisfy multiple conflicting constraints. The effective design of such devices often involves the generation of numerous conceptual mechanism designs. This paper introduces an innovative single-degree-of-freedom (DOF) mechanism synthesis process for developing a highly customizable sit-to-stand (STS) mechanical device by integrating rigid body kinematics with machine learning. Unlike traditional mechanism synthesis approaches that primarily focus on limited functional requirements, such as path or motion generation, our proposed design pipeline efficiently generates a large number of 1DOF mechanism geometries and their corresponding motion paths, known as coupler curves. Leveraging a generative deep neural network, we establish a probabilistic distribution of coupler curves and their mapping to mechanism parameters. Additionally, we introduce novel metrics for quantitatively evaluating and prioritizing design concepts. The methodology yields a diverse set of viable conceptual design solutions that adhere to the specified constraints. We showcase various single-degree-of-freedom six-bar linkage mechanisms designed for STS motion, presenting them in a ranked order based on established criteria. While the primary focus is on the integration of STS motion into a versatile mobility assist device, the proposed approach holds broad applicability for addressing design challenges in various applications.
Rifabutin central nervous system concentrations in a rabbit model of tuberculous meningitis
Authors: Wasserman Sean , Antilus-Sainte Rosleine , Abdelgawad Noha , Odjourian Narineh M. , Cristaldo Melissa , Dougher Maureen , Kaya Firat , Zimmerman Matthew , Denti Paolo , Gengenbacher Martin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has a high mortality, possibly due to suboptimal therapy. Drug exposure data of antituberculosis agents in the central nervous system (CNS) are required to develop more effective regimens. Rifabutin is a rifamycin equivalently potent to rifampin in human pulmonary tuberculosis. Here, we show that human-equivalent doses of rifabutin achieved potentially therapeutic exposure in relevant CNS tissues in a rabbit model of TBM, supporting further evaluation in clinical trials.
Efficacy of the FIFA cooling break heat policy during an intermittent treadmill football simulation in hot conditions in trained males
Authors: Brown Harry A , Chalmers Samuel , Topham Thomas H , Clark Brad , Jowett Andrew , Meyer Tim , Jay Ollie , Périard Julien D 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) cooling break policy against alternative cooling configurations in attenuating thermal strain during simulated football in the heat.Methods12 males (age: 27±6 years, V̇O2peak: 61±7 mL/kg/min) completed five 90 min intermittent treadmill football match simulations in 40°C and 41% relative humidity (32°C wet-bulb globe temperature) with different cooling configurations: regular match without cooling breaks (REG), 3 min breaks without cooling (BRKno-cool), 3 min breaks with cooling (BRKcool: current FIFA policy; chilled fluid ingestion and ice towel across neck and shoulders), 5 min extended half-time without cooling breaks (ExtHTonly) and 3 min cooling breaks with 5 min ExtHT (ExtHTcool). Rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate, whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Data are presented as mean (95% CIs).ResultsFinal Trewas lower in BRKno-cool(0.20°C (0.01, 0.39), p=0.038), BRKcool(0.39°C (0.21, 0.57), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool(0.40°C (0.22, 0.58), p<0.001) than REG (39.1°C (38.8, 39.3)). Mean Trewas lower in ExtHTcool(38.2°C (38.0, 38.4)) than BRKcool(38.3°C (38.1, 38.5), p=0.018), BRKno-cooland ExtHTonly(38.4°C (38.2, 38.6), p<0.001) and REG (38.5°C (38.3, 38.7), p<0.001). Mean heart rate was lower during BRKcool(6 beats/min (4, 7), p<0.001) and ExtHTcool(7 beats/min (6, 8), p<0.001) compared with REG. WBSR was comparable across trials (p≥0.07) and RPE was attenuated during BRKcool(0.4 (0.1, 0.7), p=0.004) and ExtHTcool(0.5 (0.2, 0.7), p=0.002), compared with REG.ConclusionBRKcooland ExtHTcoolattenuated thermal, cardiovascular and perceptual strain during a simulated football match in the heat. Additional strategies may be required in field settings or under harsher conditions.
Interpretation of quantum theory in a cosmological perspective
Authors: Prosperi G. M. , Baldicchi M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe reconsider the problem of the interpretation of the quantum theory (QT) in the perspective of the entire universe and of the Bohr's idea that the classical language is the language of our experience and QT acquires a meaning only with a reference to it. We distinguish a classical or macroscopic state, and a quantum or microscopic one that is perceived only through the modifications that it induces in the first. The macroscopic state is specified by a set of variables, a classical energy–momentum tensor and conserved currents, which are supposed to have always a well-defined value. The microscopic state and dynamics are expressed by the usual QT formalism. For the macroscopic variables, a basic distribution of probability is postulated in terms of quantum operators and a statistical operator, what replace the usual probability rule of QT. For the universe, a variance of the ΛCDM model with $$\Omega = 1$$

Ω
=
1

is assumed, one inflaton, a Goldstone type potential, initial time at $$t = - \infty$$

t
=
-
∞

, expectation values of all fundamental fields vanishing for $$t \to - \infty$$

t
→
-
∞

. The scalar fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background is correctly explained, but the absence of the tensor fluctuations remains not understood. This seems to suggest that gravity is a pure classical phenomenon what perhaps could be accommodated in our framework.
CharacterGen: Efficient 3D Character Generation from Single Images with Multi-View Pose Canonicalization
Authors: Peng Hao-Yang , Zhang Jia-Peng , Guo Meng-Hao , Cao Yan-Pei , Hu Shi-Min 
Published: July 2024

BNRist, Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, China
In the field of digital content creation, generating high-quality 3D characters from single images is challenging, especially given the complexities of various body poses and the issues of self-occlusion and pose ambiguity. In this paper, we present CharacterGen, a framework developed to efficiently generate 3D characters. CharacterGen introduces a streamlined generation pipeline along with an image-conditioned multi-view diffusion model. This model effectively calibrates input poses to a canonical form while retaining key attributes of the input image, thereby addressing the challenges posed by diverse poses. A transformer-based, generalizable sparse-view reconstruction model is the other core component of our approach, facilitating the creation of detailed 3D models from multi-view images. We also adopt a texture-back-projection strategy to produce high-quality texture maps. Additionally, we have curated a dataset of anime characters, rendered in multiple poses and views, to train and evaluate our model. Our approach has been thoroughly evaluated through quantitative and qualitative experiments, showing its proficiency in generating 3D characters with high-quality shapes and textures, ready for downstream applications such as rigging and animation.