bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Waste Treatment Options: The New VDI Guideline 3925 for Decision Support
Authors: Simon Franz‐Georg , Hiebel Markus 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDie neue VDI Richtlinie 3925 stellt Bewertungswerkzeuge vor, die es erlauben, ökologische, ökonomische und inzwischen auch soziale Aspekte und Auswirkungen verschiedener Abfallbehandlungsverfahren miteinander zu vergleichen. Die Richtlinie verfolgt das Ziel, die Anwendung von geeigneten wissenschaftlich‐technischen Bewertungsmethoden auf abfallwirtschaftliche Fragen zu beschreiben. Die Methoden, deren Einsatz, Anwendung, Komplexität, Möglichkeiten und Grenzen werden anhand von Praxisbeispielen erläutert.
On the Determination of Bubble Volumes
Authors: Nüllig Marius , Peters Franz 
Published: October 2014

AbstractZur Untersuchung von Mehrphasenströmungen wird u. a. das Volumen individueller Blasen benötigt. Natürliche Asymmetrien und Schwankungen der Blasenform legen eine sehr aufwändige 3D‐Formanalyse nahe. An drei Beispielen mit ansteigendem Schwierigkeitsgrad wird gezeigt, dass bereits digitale 2D‐Aufnahmen die Ermittlung des Blasenvolumens erlauben, wenn zuvor eine Kalibration durchgeführt wird. In der Kalibration wird die Analyse der digitalen Bilder auf Bilder genau bekannter Blasengrößen normiert. Bei starken Formschwankungen werden statistische Mittelwerte gebildet, die das richtige Volumen ergeben.
Graphene Oxide Nanosheets at the Water–Organic Solvent Interface: Utilization in One‐Pot Adsorption and Reactive Extraction of Dye Molecules
Authors: Sharma Ponchami , Borah Dipankar J. , Das Manash R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) is amphiphilic in nature, due to its structure, which consists of hydrophilic oxygen‐containing functional groups and a hydrophobic basal plane of polyaromatic benzene rings. Due to this amphiphilicity, GO can create stable bubbles at water–organic solvent interfaces. In this study, the formation of bubbles at aqueous–organic interfaces in the presence of GO is investigated with different organic solvents. Bubble formation and transfer of GO from water to the organic phase is more prominent in aromatic solvents compared to aliphatic solvents, due to π–π interactions. Maximum transfer of GO from the aqueous to the organic phase is achieved at pH 2, and decreases with rising pH of the aqueous phase. Based on this property, and the ability of GO to adsorb cationic and anionic dye molecules, its application as a carrier for reactive extraction of cationic and anionic dye molecules is explored in toluene, kerosene, and carbon tetrachloride at pH 2 and 25 °C. The kinetics of the adsorption of the dyes onto GO nanosheets that takes place in the aqueous phase is also evaluated with different models, and a pseudo‐second‐order (linear) model is found to be the best fit. The adsorption isotherm data are also analyzed with different isotherm models. The electrostatic interaction and π–π interaction between the dye molecules and GO nanosheets leads to dye extraction of up to 98.2 % using this technique. The dye extraction is maximum in toluene and at low dye concentration.
Systolic blood pressure and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure: insights from the AFFIRM and AF‐CHF studies
Authors: Tremblay‐Gravel Maxime , Khairy Paul , Roy Denis , Leduc Hugues , Wyse D. George , Cadrin‐Tourigny Julia , Macle Laurent , Dubuc Marc , Andrade Jason , Rivard Lena , Guerra Peter G. , Thibault Bernard , Ahmed Ali , Talajic Mario , Guertin Marie‐Claude , White Michel 
Published: October 2014

AimsTo investigate the association between baseline systolic blood pressure levels and mortality in patients with AF with or without LV dysfunction. Hypertension leads to cardiovascular disease but, in specific groups, low blood pressure has been associated with a paradoxical increase in mortality. In patients with AF and heart failure, the relationship between blood pressure and death remains largely unknown.Methods and resultsWe conducted a post‐hoc combined analysis on pooled data from AFFIRM and AF‐CHF trials and assessed the relationship between baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mortality and hospitalizations. Patients were classified according to LVEF (>40%, ≤40%) and baseline SBP (<120 mmHg, 120–140 mmHg, >140 mmHg). A total of 5436 patients with non‐permanent AF were followed for 41 ± 16 months. In patients with LVEF >40%, baseline SBP was not related to mortality using multivariate Cox regression analyses to adjust for baseline differences (P = 0.563). In contrast, in patients with LVEF ≤40% (n = 1980), SBP <120 mmHg and SBP >140 mmHg were both associated with a significant increase in total mortality compared with SBP 120–140 mmHg [hazard ratio (HR) 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.41–2.17; and HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.04–1.90, respectively]. Hospitalizations were unrelated to SBP regardless of LVEF.ConclusionsMortality is modulated by baseline SBP levels in patients with AF and depressed EF but not in patients with normal EF. Targeted therapy of AF patients based on SBP merits further prospective investigation.
Acyloxyphosphonium versus Aminophosphonium Intermediates: Application to the Synthesis of N‐Acylbenzotriazoles
Authors: Duangkamol Chuthamat , Wangngae Sirilak , Pattarawarapan Mookda , Phakhodee Wong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn attempts to convert carboxylic acids directly into N‐acylbenzotriazoles by using Ph3P/I2 as an acid‐activating system, the outcome of the reaction is reversed from no reaction to almost quantitative yield of the expected product simply by switching the order of the addition of the reagents to the presumed acyloxyphosphonium intermediate. If triethylamine was present before treatment with 1H‐benzotriazole, anhydride was always exclusively generated without a detectable amount of the expected product. However, if the base was applied after the addition of 1H‐benzotriazole, the reaction proceeded smoothly to afford N‐acylbenzotriazoles in good to excellent yields within short reaction times. 31P NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of a benzotriazophosphonium species in preventing the formation of the anhydride by attack of the carboxylate anion at the acyl function of the acyloxyphosphonium salt.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Azlactones to α,β‐Unsaturated Trichloromethyl Ketones: Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Liu Xihong , Wu Chongyang , Zhang Panpan , Chen Jianbo , Wang Rui 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe first asymmetric 1,4‐addition of azlactones to α,β‐unsaturated trichloromethyl ketones catalyzed by cinchona alkaloid derived bifunctional thiourea catalysts was developed. A series of α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid derivatives bearing a quaternary stereocenter at the α‐position were obtained in high yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr and 99 % ee). In addition, the trichloromethyl moiety in these adducts was identified as a good leaving group.
Spontaneous Deposition of Prussian Blue on Reduced Graphene Oxide – Gold Nanoparticles Composites for the Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors
Authors: Bai Xiaoyun , Shiu Kwok‐Keung 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA reduced graphene oxide‐gold nanoparticles‐Prussian blue (RGO‐AuNPs‐PB) composite was prepared by spontaneous deposition of PB on RGO‐AuNPs surface. The GC/RGO‐AuNPs‐PB modified electrode offered good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, indicating the possible synergistic effects of the RGO‐AuNPs‐PB composite material. Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase (GOD) can be realized after codeposition of GOD and chitosan (CHIT) coating on GC/RGO‐AuNPs‐PB electrode. The resulting GC/RGO‐AuNPs‐PB/GOD‐CHIT biosensor exhibited an excellent amperometric response to glucose with a sensitivity of 84 mA M−1 cm−2, and a linear range from 13 µM to 2.0 mM at +0.1 V vs. Ag|AgCl reference.
Biocompatibility property of 100% strontium‐substituted SiO2–Al2O3–P2O5–CaO–CaF2 glass ceramics over 26 weeks implantation in rabbit model: Histology and micro‐Computed Tomography analysis
Authors: Basu Bikramjit , Sabareeswaran A. , Shenoy S. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractOne of the desired properties for any new biomaterial composition is its long‐term stability in a suitable animal model and such property cannot be appropriately assessed by performing short‐term implantation studies. While hydroxyapatite (HA) or bioglass coated metallic biomaterials are being investigated for in vivo biocompatibility properties, such study is not extensively being pursued for bulk glass ceramics. In view of their inherent brittle nature, the implant stability as well as impact of long‐term release of metallic ions on bone regeneration have been a major concern. In this perspective, the present article reports the results of the in vivo implantation experiments carried out using 100% strontium (Sr)‐substituted glass ceramics with the nominal composition of 4.5 SiO2–3Al2O3–1.5P2O5–3SrO–2SrF2 for 26 weeks in cylindrical bone defects in rabbit model. The combination of histological and micro‐computed tomography analysis provided a qualitative and quantitative understanding of the bone regeneration around the glass ceramic implants in comparison to the highly bioactive HA bioglass implants (control). The sequential polychrome labeling of bone during in vivo osseointegration using three fluorochromes followed by fluorescence microscopy observation confirmed homogeneous bone formation around the test implants. The results of the present study unequivocally confirm the long‐term implant stability as well as osteoconductive property of 100% Sr‐substituted glass ceramics, which is comparable to that of a known bioactive implant, that is, HA‐based bioglass. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1168–1179, 2015.
Determination of Nicotinamide in Food and Human Fluid Samples by Capillary
Authors: Han Suqin , Wu Kegang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA rapid and simple capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with chemiluminescence (CL) detection was proposed for analysis of nicotinamide. This method was based on the inhibitory effect of nicotinamide to CL reaction of luminol‐K3Fe(CN)6 in alkaline aqueous solution. Under the optimal conditions, nico‐tinamide can be assayed in the range of 0.01–10.0 μM with a limit of detection of 3.0 nM. The whole analysis process can be completed within 11 min. The relative standard deviations of the signal intensity and the migration time were 3.0% and 1.5% for a standard sample at 0.1 μM, respectively. The presented CE‐CL method was successfully applied to the determination of nicotinamide in yogurt, human urine and plasma samples.
Dose selection for the investigational anticancer agent alisertib (MLN8237): Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and exposure–safety relationships
Authors: Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Zhou Xiaofei , Ecsedy Jeffrey , Mould Diane R. , Liu Hua , Danaee Hadi , Fingert Howard , Kleinfield Robert , Milton Ashley 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report population pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic‐safety analyses to support phase II/III dose/regimen selection of alisertib, a selective Aurora A kinase (AAK) inhibitor. Phase I studies in adult cancer patients evaluated dosing on Days 1–7 in 21‐day cycles or Days 1–21 in 35‐day cycles, with corresponding maximum tolerated doses of 50 mg twice daily (BID) and 50 mg QD, respectively. Population pharmacokinetic analyses supported dose‐ and time‐linear pharmacokinetics without identification of clinically meaningful covariates. Exposure‐related increases in skin mitotic index and decreases in chromosomal alignment/spindle bipolarity in tumor mitotic cells confirmed AAK inhibition. Exposures in the 7‐day schedule at or near 50 mg BID are expected to result in tumor AAK inhibition based on pharmacodynamic assessment in patient tumors. Exposure‐safety analyses of data from patients receiving doses of 5–200 mg/day in the 7‐day schedule support a low (∼7%) predicted incidence of dose‐limiting toxicity at 50 mg BID. Taken together, these analyses support a pharmacologically active and acceptably tolerated dose range of alisertib for future clinical development.
Multi‐objective optimisation for design and operation of anaerobic digestion using GA‐ANN and NSGA‐II
Authors: Huang Mingzhi , Han Wei , Wan Jinquan , Ma Yongwen , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDue to the complexity of nonlinear and biochemical phenomena involved in anaerobic wastewater treatment units, efficient operation and control is limited and difficult. The objective of this study was to implement a new multi‐objective control strategy to simultaneously optimise the effluent chemical oxygen demand (CODeff) and the biogas flow rate (Qgas) in an anaerobic bioreactor using non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithms‐II (NSGA‐II) and genetic algorithm–artificial neural network (GA‐ANN). The novel approach considered two operational objectives, i.e. control of the effluent quality and control of the maximum production rate of biogas, and took advantage of the difference between the dynamics of the liquid and gas phases using variables from both phases.RESULTSBased on the relatively lower values for the mean square error, the root mean square normalised error, and the mean absolute percentage error, as well as higher values for the correlation coefficient, GA‐ANN models achieve better performances than ANN models. Based on GA‐ANN and NSGA‐II, a more flexible and precise optimisation process was allowed, and an optimal balance between effluent quality and biogas flow rate of the anaerobic bioreactor can be achieved.CONCLUSIONThe proposed GA‐ANN models were shown to be capable of dynamically predicting CODeff and Qgas. Meanwhile the optimisation system developed may offer a useful tool for simulation, design, control and optimisation of anaerobic biodigesters. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of pectin‐derived oligosaccharides from lemon peels by extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane filtration
Authors: Gómez Belén , Yáñez Remedios , Parajó Juan Carlos , Alonso José Luis 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is growing interest in the search for new prebiotics with improved functional properties. In this field, pectin‐derived oligosaccharides (POS) have been identified as promising prebiotics. Lemon peels (an abundant agro‐industrial by‐product) can be used as a raw material for manufacturing a variety of POS, whose prebiotic properties depend on their chemical structure and composition. This work deals with the production of POS by partial enzymatic hydrolysis under a variety of operational conditions, with their purification by membrane filtration and detailed chemical characterisation.RESULTSAs a result of a three‐stage process (water extraction, enzymatic hydrolysis and membrane filtration), two POS refined concentrates were obtained after 7.5 or 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis (the contents of the non‐volatile impurities were 5.8 and 11.8 wt%, respectively), mainly made up of oligogalacturonides with different molar mass distribution and degree of methylation (43.4 and 37.4%, respectively) and degree of acetylation (5.5 and 8.6%, respectively) at yields of 13.1 and 10.8 g 100 g−1 dry lemon peel wastes, respectively.CONCLUSIONA high‐yield process (based on simple and scalable technologies) enabled the production of two POS mixtures with different chemical characteristics, fulfilling the compositional requirements to be used as prebiotics. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Noninvasive prenatal testing: Impact on genetic counseling, invasive prenatal diagnosis, and trisomy 21 detection
Authors: Wax Joseph R. , Cartin Angelina , Chard Renée , Lucas F. Lee , Pinette Michael G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare rates of genetic counseling, invasive prenatal diagnosis, and trisomy 21 detection among women at increased risk for aneuploidy, before versus after the availability of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT).MethodsThis institutional review board–exempt retrospective study included all women who had an ultrasound (US) examination between 10 0/7 and 21 6/7 weeks' gestation and were eligible for NIPT (ie, age ≥35 years, US findings suggestive of increased aneuploidy risk, positive aneuploidy screen, prior trisomic fetus, parental balanced translocation with increased risk for trisomy 13 or 21) between June 1, 2012 and February 1, 2013. NIPT was performed by a single laboratory after patients received genetic counseling. We also identified a comparison group of women evaluated between December 1, 2010 and November 30, 2011, who would have been eligible for NIPT had it been available. The two groups were compared for maternal demographics, aneuploidy risk factors, rates of genetic counseling, invasive diagnostic procedures, and trisomy 21 detection.ResultsThe before‐NIPT and after‐NIPT groups contained 1,464 and 1,046 subjects, respectively. All 33 fetuses with trisomy 21 in the two groups were identified by positive aneuploidy screening. After the introduction of NIPT, genetic counseling for aneuploidy risk increased (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.77 [1.49–2.11]; p < 0.0001) and the overall invasive diagnosis (aOR, 0.42 [0.32–0.55]; p < 0.0001), including amniocentesis (aOR, 0.37 [0.27–0.52], p < 0.0001), decreased, whereas the prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 21 remained similar (88% versus 100%; p = 0.86).ConclusionsNIPT in clinical practice uses more genetic counseling resources but requires significantly fewer invasive procedures to maintain the detection rates of trisomy 21. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:1–6, 2015
Quick method (FT‐NIR) for the determination of oil and major fatty acids content in whole achenes of milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.)
Authors: Koláčková Pavla , Růžičková Gabriela , Gregor Tomáš , Šišperová Eliška 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCalibration models for the Fourier transform–near infrared (FT‐NIR) instrument were developed for quick and non‐destructive determination of oil and fatty acids in whole achenes of milk thistle. Samples with a range of oil and fatty acid levels were collected and their transmittance spectra were obtained by the FT‐NIR instrument. Based on these spectra and data gained by the means of the reference method – Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography (GC) – calibration models were created by means of partial least square (PLS) regression analysis.RESULTSPrecision and accuracy of the calibration models was verified via the cross‐validation of validation samples whose spectra were not part of the calibration model and also according to the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) and the validation coefficient of determination (R2). R2 for whole seeds were 0.96, 0.96, 0.83 and 0.67 and the RMSEP values were 0.76, 1.68, 1.24, 0.54 for oil, linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1) and palmitic (C16:0) acids, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe calibration models are appropriate for the non‐destructive determination of oil and fatty acids levels in whole seeds of milk thistle. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Acceptability and characterization of extruded pinto, navy and black beans
Authors: Simons Courtney W , Hall Clifford , Tulbek Mehmet , Mendis Mihiri , Heck Taylor , Ogunyemi Samuel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDConsumption of dry beans has been relatively flat over the last decade. Creating new bean products may increase the consumption of beans and allow more consumers to obtain the health benefits of beans. In this study, pinto, navy and black beans were milled and the resulting flours extruded into puffs. Unflavored extruded puffs were evaluated by untrained panelists using a hedonic scale for appearance, flavor, texture and overall acceptability. The compositions of raw flours and extrudates were characterized.RESULTSSensory results indicated that all beans met or exceeded the minimum requirement for acceptability. Overall acceptability of navy and pinto beans was not significantly different, while acceptability of black bean puffs was significantly lower. Total protein (198–217 g kg−1) in extrudates was significantly different among the three beans. Total starch ranged from 398 to 406 g kg−1 and was not significantly different. Resistant starch, total extractable lipid and raffinose contents were significantly reduced by extrusion. Extrusion did not affect crude fiber and phytic acid contents.CONCLUSIONThe minimal effects on protein and fiber contents, the significant reduction in raffinose content and the acceptability of the unflavored extruded puffs support using various bean flours as ingredients in extruded puffed products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Quality attributes and composition of meat from red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and Aberdeen Angus and Holstein cattle (Bos taurus)
Authors: Bureš Daniel , Bartoň Luděk , Kotrba Radim , Hakl Josef 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of venison from deer species has increased in recent years owing to presumably positive health effects. Therefore a comparison was made of the physical characteristics, chemical composition and sensory attributes of meat obtained from red deer, fallow deer and Aberdeen Angus and Holstein cattle raised under conditions typical for commercial farming practice and slaughtered at similar ages.RESULTSVenison had one‐quarter the crude fat content, lower total collagen and a higher proportion of heat‐soluble collagen. It was darker and less yellow than beef. Deer species provided meat with higher polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio and lower atherogenic index. In addition, the venison of red deer contained five times as much n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids as the beef. Steaks prepared from venison were scored higher than beef for flavour and aroma intensity; they were also tenderer and more easily chewable.CONCLUSIONCompared with beef, venison from two widely farmed deer species was superior in nutrient composition, thus offering potential benefits for human consumption, and it received higher scores for most of the sensory attributes examined. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
An Extended Search for Generic Consumer–Brand Relationships
Authors: Fritz Wolfgang , Lorenz Bettina , Kempe Michael 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTRelatively few empirical studies address the question of generic relationships between consumers and brands. But a relationship‐oriented brand communication seems to have become increasingly important to companies. In this article, the authors present details of a study on generic consumer–brand relationships conducted in Germany. Based on the data of more than 900 consumers, four different types of consumer–brand relationships emerge, characterized as “best friendship,” “unemotional purpose‐based relationship,” “loose contact,” and “happy partnership.” An extended analysis of the data using advanced statistical methods supports these findings to a high degree. Furthermore, as the results of the extended analysis also suggest, numerous well‐known brands often appear within less favorable relationships like “unemotional purpose‐based relationship” and “loose contact.” These findings indicate important shortcomings of relationship‐oriented brand management in many companies and suggest the need for further work in this area.