bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease risk in people of African ancestry with HIV in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ko Stephanie , Dominguez‐Dominguez Lourdes , Ottaway Zoe , Campbell Lucy , Fox Julie , Burns Fiona , Hamzah Lisa , Ustianowski Andrew , Clarke Amanda , Kegg Stephen , Schoeman Sarah , Jones Rachael , Pett Sarah L. , Hudson Jonathan , Post Frank A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur objective was to describe the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in people of African ancestry with HIV in the UK.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of CVD risk factors in Black people with HIV aged ≥40 years and estimated the 10‐year CVD risk using QRISK®3‐2018. Correlations between body mass index (BMI) and CVD risk factors were described using Pearson correlation coefficients, and factors associated with 10‐year CVD risk ≥5% were described using logistic regression.ResultsWe included 833 Black people with HIV and a median age of 54 years; 54% were female, 50% were living with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), 61% had hypertension, and 19% had diabetes mellitus. CVD risk >5% ranged from 2% in female participants aged 40–49 years to 99% in men aged ≥60 years, and use of statins ranged from 7% in those with CVD risk <2.5% to 64% in those with CVD risk ≥20%. BMI was correlated (R2 0.1–0.2) with triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure in women and with glycated haemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total:high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio in men. In both female and male participants, older age, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, and kidney disease were strongly associated with CVD risk ≥5%, whereas obesity, total:HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and smoking status were variably associated with CVD risk ≥5%.ConclusionsWe report a high burden of CVD risk factors, including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, in people of African ancestry with HIV in the UK. BMI‐focused interventions in these populations may improve CVD risk while also addressing other important health issues.
Evolutionary genomics analysis reveals a unique lineage of Megachile pruina found in an isolated population in Bermuda
Authors: Rose Jennifer , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Outerbridge Mark , Morales Hernán E. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The decline in bee diversity, largely driven by habitat loss, climate change and invasive species, is well‐documented. Within this context, the genus Megachile Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), a diverse group of solitary leafcutter bees, lacks comprehensive species‐level conservation and taxonomic assessments, potentially concealing population declines and extinctions.
Megachile pruina is one of Bermuda's three bee species and possibly the last native bee on the island. Formerly distributed widely across the island, it is now restricted to a small 11.5 ha area within the Castle Harbour Islands Nature Reserve.
Classified as ‘Vulnerable’ under the Bermuda Protected Species Act, its taxonomic and conservation status remains uncertain, particularly its evolutionary relationships with populations in the United States.
Here, we analyse nuclear genomes and mitochondrial genomes to reveal that Bermuda's M. pruina population is genetically distinct from mainland US populations and show no close association with any sampled US population, suggesting that Bermuda's represent a unique evolutionary lineage.
Our genetic diversity assessment shows lower genetic diversity in Bermuda's population compared with the United States, highlighting a higher level of vulnerability than originally thought.
We recommend maintaining its current protection status and advocate for the pressing need of expanding ecological and biological studies to facilitate appropriate conservation and monitoring measures.
How Does Nature Exposure Affect Adults With Symptoms of Mental Illness? A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Bettmann Joanna E. , Speelman Elizabeth , Blumenthal Ellison , Couch Scott , McArthur Tara 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTExisting research on the effects of nature exposure on the mental health of adults indicates that spending time in nature reduces depressive symptoms and stress, increases quality of life and mood and improves mental health. This meta‐analysis aimed to answer the question: what are the effects of nature exposure on the social, mental and physical health of adults with symptoms of mental illness? The meta‐analysis included all studies relevant to the study research questions which collected quantitative data on nature exposure using validated instruments for at least two time points on each participant and which were published between 1990 and 2020. Regarding the impact of nature exposure on adults with symptoms of mental illness, analyses showed significant, moderate effect sizes for all studies and smaller, but significant, effect sizes for studies with control groups Analyses also yielded critical information regarding the effect size of the type of nature dosage, nature setting, nature‐based activity, key mental health outcomes and other factors. These findings from the present study results have important implications regarding the potential benefits of nature exposure for adults and its role in healthcare.
Mental Health Crisis: An Evolutionary Concept Analysis
Authors: Hudson Emilie , Pariseau‐Legault Pierre , Cassivi Christine , Chouinard Chad , Goulet Marie‐Hélène 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe term ‘mental health crisis’ is a widely used concept in clinical practice and research, appearing prominently in mental health literature across healthcare and social science disciplines. Within these contexts, the term is frequently either left undefined or defined rather narrowly, confined to clinical observations or guidelines targeted at healthcare providers and negating the multifaceted nature of crisis as described by those with lived experience. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the characteristics of and provide a conceptual definition for the concept of ‘mental health crisis’. Rodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis was employed and 34 articles, ranging from 1994 to 2021 and a variety of disciplines, were analysed. The results highlighted the contrast between clinically oriented surrogate terms and related concepts and those used by individuals with lived crisis experience. Antecedents of crisis included underlying vulnerabilities, relational dysfunction, collapse of life structure and struggles with activities of daily living. The concept's attributes encompassed the temporality of crisis, signs and symptoms of crisis, functional decline and crisis in family and caregivers. Finally, the consequences comprised looking inward for help, looking outward for help, and opportunities and dangers. This concept analysis serves as a foundational step in understanding ‘mental health crisis’ and its various dimensions, facilitating more nuanced discussions and interventions in the realm of mental healthcare.
Outcomes of a honey and olive oil‐based dressing material on wounds of women that have had a caesarean section in south‐western Uganda
Authors: Ngonzi Joseph , Ssenkumba Brian , Nambogo Nuriat , Ssedyabane Frank , Kamugisha Arnold , Nkwangu David , Okoth Thomas , Tibaijuka Leevan , Mulogo Edgar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPostpartum sepsis following caesarean sections among women in Uganda remains a risk. However, erratic supplies of standard dressing material make the risk a reality. Alternative wound dressing materials, therefore, remain a viable option. This study examined the outcome of a honey and olive oil‐based dressing material on caesarean section wound healing. Using the Uganda Industrial Research Institute (UIRI), the study team created I‐Dress, a wound dressing made of honey and olive oil. A case‐series study was conducted on 25 women who received I‐Dress following caesarean births at three health facilities in south‐west Uganda. Vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate) were measured, along with wound induration, dehiscence, and discharge. The primary outcome was the length of time it took for the wound to heal. The average age of the women who received I‐Dress was 27.5 (±4.8) years. Following the application of I‐Dress, all of the women (100%) had no wound induration or dehiscence, with only two (13%) experiencing wound discharge. The vast majority of the women (88%) had never had a Caesarean section before. The mean time required for wound healing was 2.2 (±0.7) days. The findings indicate that honey and olive oil‐based dressings improve Caesarean section wound healing in terms of wound induration, dehiscence, and time to healing. These dressing materials can therefore supplement the standard dressing materials, especially in resource‐constrained settings.
‘A potentially ticking time bomb’ – barriers for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease in people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Plasil Tanja , Ersfjord Ellen Margrete Iveland , Berge Kim , Oldervoll Line M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundResearch suggests that people with intellectual disabilities have a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than the general population. The aim of this study was to identify barriers for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular disease for people with intellectual disabilities.MethodWe conducted individual interviews with relatives and general practitioners and focus group interviews with staff working at an assisted home facility, a cardiac ward, an obesity clinic and two rehabilitation centres (n = 33) in Norway. Inductive approach and thematic analysis were used to analyse the data.ResultsWe identified barriers on an individual and a structural level. The underlying reason for these barriers is that health problems, such as cardiovascular disease, are regularly overlooked as the condition of intellectual disability overshadows other possible diagnoses.ConclusionThis focus on intellectual disability rather than other explanations leads to shortcomings in the prevention, diagnoses, and treatment of cardiovascular disease in this group.
The Bio‐Restorative Concept for Implant‐Supported Restorations
Authors: Pedrinaci Ignacio , Hamilton Adam , Lanis Alejandro , Sanz Mariano , Gallucci German O. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aims to present the bio‐restorative approach in implant dentistry, which combines biological and restorative concepts through digital planning. This concept combines periodontal, surgical, and prosthetic variables, aiming to reduce patient morbidity while achieving satisfactory esthetic and functional outcomes in implant‐supported restorations in the long term.OverviewImplant dentistry evolved from a primarily surgical to a recent prosthetically driven approach. This evolution was partly due to advancements in bone reconstructive techniques and an increased demand for esthetic outcomes. Recently, digital planning has introduced a new paradigm that allows for the full integration of both approaches. The bio‐restorative concept considers functional, esthetic, and biological variables in a virtual planning environment. This is achieved through the simultaneous digital assessment of (A) anatomical site characteristics and (B) implant restorative variables. These variables include digital tooth arrangement, soft–hard tissue conditions, implant variables, supra‐platform components, and a surgical plan that respects or modifies peri‐implant phenotype.ConclusionsThe bio‐restorative concept is intended to improve contemporary implant dentistry by integrating updated biological and prosthetic notions through digital planning. Adopting this paradigm has the potential to redefine the standards in implant dentistry, fostering a holistic and patient‐centered approach.Clinical ConsiderationsIt enhances patient and clinician satisfaction through more efficient and less invasive procedures. Significantly, it improves predictability, leading to successful implant‐supported restorations in the long term.
The mutual influence of microtubules and the cortical ER on their coordinated organisation
Authors: Pal Lalita , Belausov Eduard , Dwivedi Vikas , Yechezkel Sela , Sadot Einat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in terms of membrane content, occupying the entire cytoplasmic volume. It is tethered to the cell cortex through ER‐plasma membrane contact sites (EPCS). Previous studies have shown that EPCSs labelled by VAP27 align with cortical microtubules, and that ER tubules elongate along microtubules. Here, we addressed the question whether this relationship is bidirectional, with EPCSs influencing microtubule organisation. Using TIRF microscopy to track EPCSs and microtubule dynamics simultaneously, we demonstrate that while EPCSs remain stable, microtubules are highly dynamic and can adjust their positioning based on nearby EPCS in Arabidopsis cotyledon epidermis. In lobes of epidermal cells enclosed by two indentations, where microtubules bundle together, EPCSs flank the bundles and exhibit a distinctive arrangement, forming symmetric arcs in relation to the lobe axis. In guard cells, transversely oriented ER tubules co‐align with microtubules. Disrupting microtubules with the drug oryzalin leads to transient guard cells‐ER remodelling, followed by its reorganisation into transverse tubules before microtubule recovery. Taken together our observations suggest, that the positioning of EPCSs and cortical microtubules, can affect each other and the organisation of cortical ER.
Efficacy of a Combination Treatment of Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy and Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor for Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Peng Hao , Ran Xuehui , Yang Xia , Zhou Guoyu , Lin Xiaoxi , Shen Lingyue , Wu Xianglei 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAtrophic acne scars (AAS) are disfiguring and permanent changes caused by inflammatory acne. Fractional carbon dioxide is a common ablative device used to treat this condition. However, issues such as unclear effectiveness, frequent treatments, and potential side effects exist. In recent years, recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) has also been frequently reported for its application in the treatment of acne scars.ObjectiveTo explore the potential synergistic effect of fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with rhEGF in AAS treatment.MethodsWe enrolled 15 patients with AAS. They received fractional carbon dioxide laser treatment and were then randomly assigned to receive either rhEGF or a placebo on one side of the face. The procedure was repeated three times, and the results were evaluated using the échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné (ECCA) score and analyzed using the CBS camera system, 3D analysis (3DMD). Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) examination was also conducted.ResultsBoth sides exhibited significant improvement in the appearance of the acne scars after treatment, as confirmed by the ECCA score, 3DMD data, and CBS texture score. On the rhEGF‐treated side, the pore number and epidermal pigment area significantly improved as compared to the control side, whereas no significant differences were observed in the other data. Under RCM, a significant increase in epidermal thickness and appearance of reticular collagen fibers in the dermal layer after treatment was observed.ConclusionCompared to the sole use of laser, the combination of fractional carbon dioxide laser and rhEGF does not significantly enhance scar therapeutic effects. However, it does shorten the recovery period after laser treatment and improves the pore appearance.
Intravenous administration of quinidine and metoprolol for treatment of atrial fibrillation in 2 neonatal foals
Authors: Leduc Laurence , Abraham Michelle , Slack JoAnn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a rarely reported arrhythmia in otherwise healthy newborn foals, with a single case of cardioversion using procainamide administration described in the literature. Two neonatal Thoroughbred colts were presented to an equine hospital because of an irregularly irregular tachyarrhythmia and poor latching when trying to nurse. History, physical examination, and initial diagnostic testing including ECG and echocardiography confirmed AF without structural heart disease. The 1st foal converted into normal sinus rhythm after treatment with IV metoprolol and quinidine. The 2nd foal converted to normal sinus rhythm after a single IV dose of metoprolol, intended for rate control. Demeanor and nursing behavior improved markedly after conversion. The 2 foals had normal heart rates and sinus rhythm that persisted for 6 weeks until euthanasia in the 1st foal and for 2 years in the 2nd foal. Rate control and cardioversion should be considered as a treatment for persistent lone AF in neonatal foals.
Need for Cognition, Neuromyths, and Knowledge about the Brain in Aspiring Teachers
Authors: Boyle Eimear , Lyddy Fiona 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeuromyths are pervasive misconceptions about the brain and its functioning. They are widely held by the general population, as well as by teachers and by preservice teachers. Need for cognition (NfC) may offer a protective effect against misconceptions. The current study examined endorsement of neuromyths in a sample of aspiring teachers and other students as a function of NfC. In an online survey, participants rated agreement with a range of misconceptions and factual statements about the brain and completed a scale measuring NfC. Results showed that participants correctly rejected two thirds of the misconception statements, but there was a high level of agreement for some neuromyth items. Aspiring teachers performed better on factual statements but not neuromyths compared to those not aspiring to teach. NfC was positively associated with ratings of the factual statements, but not with the misconceptions. The findings suggest that some neuromyths remain pervasive and NfC does not confer protection.
Imaging Hypoxia to Predict Primary Neuronal Cell Damage in Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion
Authors: Jamal Sara Z. , Dieckmann Blake W. , McCollum Gary W. , Penn John S. , Jayagopal Ashwath , Imam Uddin MD 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo develop a reliable method to generate a mouse model of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) using laser‐induced thrombosis of a major artery in the mouse retina. Also, to develop a reliable method to detect retinal hypoxia as predictive biomarker for the risk of neuronal cell damage in BRAO.MethodsA reliable and reproducible model of laser‐induced BRAO was developed in mouse retina using Rose Bengal. To characterize retinal hypoxia in BRAO, pimonidazole immunostaining and HYPOX‐4 molecular imaging methods were used. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) was used to characterize neuronal cell damage in the BRAO retina. Expression of mRNA in retinal tissues from BRAO and age‐matched control retinas were analyzed using qRT‐PCR.ResultsOcclusion of a branch retinal artery near the optic nerve head (ONH) caused a pattern of retinal tissue hypoxia covering about 12.5% of the entire retina. TUNEL‐positive cells were localized in all layers in BRAO retinal tissue cross sections. In addition, qRT‐PCR data analysis suggests that BRAO is associated with both inflammation and hypoxia.ConclusionsThis study provides a reliable method for BRAO in mouse retina and demonstrates the utility of molecular imaging method to detect retinal hypoxia as predictive biomarker for the risk of neuronal cell damage in BRAO. In addition, our data suggest that BRAO retinas are associated with inflammation and also associated with hypoxia‐related neuronal cell damage.PerspectivesImaging areas of retinal hypoxia may provide accurate diagnosis, evaluating retinal tissue injury from BRAO.
Triangulating learner corpus and online experimental data: Evidence from gender agreement and relative clauses in L2 Greek
Authors: Papadopoulou Despina , Amvrazis Nikolaos , Douka Gerakini , Tantos Alexandros 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe article introduces triangulation to converge evidence from corpus and experimental data, by means of two case studies in second language (L2) learners of Greek. The first case study investigates the acquisition of gender agreement, while the second probes the development of relative clauses. In both studies, findings from the corpus are tested against online experimentation using eye‐tracking and self‐paced reading tasks, a combination that is scarce in research implementing triangulation. The findings suggest that methodological convergence yields both congruous and incongruous evidence. However, both types of evidence contribute to a nuanced understanding of the linguistic phenomena under study, as well as the different perspectives from which they are approached. The article concludes that such an approach to triangulation can significantly contribute to enhancing the reliability and validity of the findings, provided that methodological convergence has been achieved at the design level of the study.
Maize mutant screens: from classical methods to new CRISPR‐based approaches
Authors: Lorenzo Christian Damian , Blasco‐Escámez David , Beauchet Arthur , Wytynck Pieter , Sanches Matilde , Garcia del Campo Jose Rodrigo , Inzé Dirk , Nelissen Hilde 
Published: August 2024

SummaryMutations play a pivotal role in shaping the trajectory and outcomes of a species evolution and domestication. Maize (Zea mays) has been a major staple crop and model for genetic research for more than 100 yr. With the arrival of site‐directed mutagenesis and genome editing (GE) driven by the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), maize mutational research is once again in the spotlight. If we combine the powerful physiological and genetic characteristics of maize with the already available and ever increasing toolbox of CRISPR‐Cas, prospects for its future trait engineering are very promising. This review aimed to give an overview of the progression and learnings of maize screening studies analyzing forward genetics, natural variation and reverse genetics to focus on recent GE approaches. We will highlight how each strategy and resource has contributed to our understanding of maize natural and induced trait variability and how this information could be used to design the next generation of mutational screenings.
How Family Dynamics Shape Income Inequality Between Families With Young Children: The Case of Sweden, 1995–2018
Authors: Billingsley Sunnee , Gonalons‐Pons Pilar , Duvander Ann‐Zofie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncreased gender equality in the labor market and the home are both cited as stabilizers to income inequality between households, but shifts in the economic organization of families over the life course instead appear to amplify household income inequality. Using the case of Sweden, where men have taken longer parental leave in recent years and the age at parenthood continues to advance, we analyze between‐family income inequality for couples with a young child. Based on income data from population registers, we decompose how changes in family dynamics, pre‐ and postparenthood, contributed to income inequality in families with children between the years 1995 and 2018. Analyses show no evidence that assortative mating has increased and that a minor decline in inequality between couples over this 24‐year period resulted from two opposing trends: Dis‐equalizing changes related to women's postbirth income advancements were eclipsed by equalizing changes related to the postponement of parenthood. Postbirth income trends reveal how between‐family inequality increased through women's income development and decreased through men's. Our findings confirm the importance of family processes to household inequality and show the complex effects of both changes in the timing of parenthood and improved gender equality.