bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of habitual snoring and its correlates in young children across the Asia Pacific
Authors: Li Albert M , Sadeh Avi , Au Chun T , Goh Daniel YT , Mindell Jodi A 
Published: January 2013

AimsTo evaluate: (i) the prevalence of habitual snoring (HS) in a large sample of children aged from birth to 36 months in 14 countries across Asia Pacific; and (ii) the different correlates associated with HS in Caucasians, Chinese and non‐Chinese, non‐Caucasian Asians.MethodsThis was a multi‐centre, cross‐sectional survey conducted across Asia Pacific. Parents/caregivers of 23 481 infants and toddlers completed an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. We defined HS as snoring more than three nights per week.ResultsChinese and non‐Caucasian non‐Chinese (NCNC) children had a lower prevalence of HS across the age range from birth to 3 years than their Caucasian counterparts (6.2% and 5.1% vs. 11%, P < 0.01). Boys had a higher prevalence of HS compared to girls (χ2 = 98.5, P < 0.0001). History of prematurity (OR = 1.37–1.56, CI (1.1–2.17), P < 0.01) and gender (OR = 1.53–1.54, CI (1.26–1.85), P < 0.0001) were found to be significant predictors for HS. Current breastfeeding (OR = 0.69, CI (0.54–0.88), P < 0.005) and greater parental age (OR = 0.86, CI (0.78–0.96), P < 0.01) were protective against HS among NCNC children. HS was less prevalent in younger Chinese subjects (OR = 0.88, CI (0.84–0.93), P < 0.0001). In Caucasians, parents' education (OR = 0.78, CI (0.67–0.91), P < 0.005) and their not sleeping in the same room as their child (OR = 0.62, CI (0.45–0.86), P < 0.005) were negatively associated with parental report of HS.ConclusionsPrevalence of HS shows racial differences among countries across Asia Pacific. Future studies should assess craniofacial structure and body fat distribution as contributory factors for this differential prevalence.
Posterior urethral valves: Determinants of outcome in a developing country
Authors: Okafor Henrietta U , Ekenze Sebastian O , Uwaezuoke Samuel N 
Published: January 2013

AimThis study aims to evaluate posterior urethral valve (PUV) in a developing country with focus on the profile of the disease, determinants of outcome and the challenges of management.MethodsAnalysis of data collected prospectively from 31 patients managed for PUV at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu from January 2008 to December 2009.ResultsThe median age at presentation was 2.5 years (range 2 weeks–15 years). Only two (6.5%) had pre‐natal diagnosis. Twenty‐six (83.9%) had one or more complications of the disease at presentation. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate was 39.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (range 4.4–116.0). There was hydronephrosis involving 50 renal units, and vesicoureteral reflux involving 22 renal units. Eight cases required upper tract diversion and four required dialysis prior to definitive catheter ablation. After average follow‐up of 12.6 months (range 3–22 months), 18 (58.1%) cases had clinical and radiological improvement, 9 (29%) had persisting poor renal function and 4 (12.9%) died from acute renal failure and end‐stage renal disease. Associated pulmonary hypoplasia in neonates, presentation at adolescent age, bilateral vesicoureteral reflux and estimated glomerular filtration rate <10.0 at presentation adversely affected outcome. Delayed diagnosis, dearth of facilities and resource deficiency remain a challenge.ConclusionSignificant cases of PUV present late with complications in our setting and have high morbidity and mortality. The poor outcome may be related to delayed diagnosis, poor renal function at presentation and poor renal support. Improving time to diagnosis and renal support may lead to better outcome.
Preparation and Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody to Prunus necrotic ringspot virus
Authors: Shang Han‐Wu , Zhu Liang‐Jun , Zhao Wei‐Chun , Xu Dan , Wang Yi‐Fei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA cell line named PVRSV1D11 secreting monoclonal antibody (McAb) against the prokaryotically expressed coat protein (CP) of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) was developed using hybridoma technology including animal immunization, cell fusion, cell line culture and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐based for screening. The specificity, titre and detection sensitivity of the McAb were determined by indirect ELISA to establish optimal conditions. The antibody reacted strongly with PNRSV and showed no cross‐reactions with the proteins of Plum pox virus, Prunus dwarf virus, Apple stem pitting virus, Apple stem grooving virus, Apple mosaic virus or Apple chlorotic leafspot virus. The ascites developed with PNRSV1D11 cell line showed high absorbance until it was diluted to over 6.6 × 107 fold. The McAb belonged to IgG2a isotype and was diluted by 1.28 × 105 folds as an optimal detection concentration. The detection sensitivity of the monoclonal antibody was 11.7 ng/ml protein of PNRSV. The results indicated that the McAb against the CP of PNRSV is suitable for PNRSV detection in the plants and for monitoring the dynamics of the virus by using indirect ELISA.
Evaluation of the Use of Ammonium Bicarbonate and Oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) Extract on the Control of Apple Scab
Authors: Arslan Umit , Ilhan Kadir , Karabulut Ozgur Akgun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn vitro experiments showed that ammonium bicarbonate and aqueous extracts of oregano were effective in inhibiting conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of Venturia inaequalis. Complete inhibition was achieved by 1% ammonium bicarbonate, 2% oregano extract and 0.01% synthetic fungicide difenoconazole. Two orchard experiments were conducted on the highly susceptible cv. Mutsu to apple scab to investigate the efficacy of ammonium bicarbonate alone or in combination with an aqueous extract of oregano for the control of apple scab. In 2008 and 2009, except for the applications of 1% aqueous extract of oregano, the applications of ammonium bicarbonate (0.5 and 1%) and difenoconazole (0.01%) to trees at 10‐day intervals significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit compared to the water‐treated control. In both years, the efficacy of 0.5 and 1% ammonium bicarbonate in inhibiting both disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit was equally effective in all monthly assessments from June to September. Combining 0.5 and 1% ammonium bicarbonate with 1% aqueous extract of oregano did not significantly improve the efficacy of stand‐alone applications of treatments in the final assessment in 2008 and 2009. All treatments were neither phytotoxic to leaves and fruit nor did they adversely affect quality parameters of fruit including physiological disorders and taste both at harvest and after storage. These results indicate that ammonium bicarbonate treatment may be applied as an alternative chemical for the control of apple scab.
Influence of simethicone and alverine on stress-induced alterations of colonic permeability and sensitivity in rats: beneficial effect of their association
Authors: Bueno Lionel , Beaufrand Catherine , Theodorou Vassilia , Andro-Delestrain Marie-Christine 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Objectives
Alverine, an antispasmodic agent for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), may be combined with simethicone, a protective agent of the mucosa. Stress is a major factor triggering abdominal pain in IBS and causing hypersensitivity to colonic distension in animals through an increased colonic permeability. The antinociceptive effects of alverine and simethicone, separately or in association, were evaluated on stress-induced colonic hypersensitivity to distension in rats. The influence of simethicone on altered permeability was also tested.

Methods
Groups of 8–10 female adult Wistar rats (200–250 g) housed individually were used. Gut paracellular permeability was evaluated after 2 h of partial restraint stress using oral gavage with 51Cr-EDTA and 24 h of urine collection. The number of abdominal cramps during colonic distension was evaluated in animals equipped with electrodes on their abdominal striated muscles.

Key Findings
At 200 mg/kg p.o. twice a day, but not at lower doses, simethicone reduced stress-induced increase of colonic permeability and hypersensitivity to distension. Administered alone at 10 mg/kg p.o., alverine also reduced stress-induced hypersensitivity to distension; lower doses were inactive. However, alverine administered at an inactive dose with simethicone suppressed stress-induced hypersensitivity to distension.

Conclusions
We conclude that both simethicone and alverine have visceral antinociceptive effects by two different mechanisms and that simethicone exerts a potentiating effect on the antinociceptive action of alverine.
Expression of β‐Adrenoceptor Subtypes in Urothelium, Interstitial Cells and Detrusor of the Human Urinary Bladder
Authors: OTSUKA Atsushi , KAWASAKI Hideya , MATSUMOTO Rikiya , SHINBO Hitoshi , KURITA Yutaka , IWASHITA Toshihide , OZONO Seiichiro 
Published: January 2013

Objective: We examined whether interstitial cells (ICs) of the human urinary bladder expressed β‐adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes, and semiquantitatively compared the staining intensity among urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles.Methods: Paraffin sections of the human urinary bladder were obtained from histologically normal areas of formalin‐fixed specimens removed for bladder carcinoma. Double‐labeling immunohistochemical methods using antibodies against each β‐AR subtype and vimentin were performed to identify ICs of the human urinary bladder. The staining intensity of β‐ARs was semiquantitatively compared among urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles. Further, gender‐related difference or age‐related correlation in the staining intensity of β‐ARs was compared in the same cell types.Results: The expression of β1‐, β2‐, and β3‐AR was observed in vimentin‐positive ICs localized in suburothelium, between detrusor muscle bundles, and within these bundles of the human urinary bladder. The rank order of the staining intensity was urothelium > ICs = detrusor muscles in β1‐AR, urothelium > ICs > detrusor muscles in β2‐AR, whereas its order was ICs = detrusor muscles > urothelium in β3‐AR. Except for urothelial β1‐AR, there was no gender‐related difference in the signal intensity of β‐ARs in the urothelium, ICs or detrusor muscles. Age negatively correlated with the signal intensity of all β‐AR subtypes.Conclusion:β‐ARs were expressed in vimentin‐positive ICs of the human urinary bladder. As for β2‐ and β3‐AR, there was no gender‐related difference or age‐related correlation in urothelium, ICs and detrusor muscles. In the human urinary bladder, β‐ARs expressed in ICs may play a role in bladder physiology.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Male Urinary Incontinence: Results of a Korean Population‐Based Study
Authors: CHANG Sounghoon , KIM Hyeongsu , PARK Hyoung Keun , KIM Hyeong Gon , PALMER Mary H. , CHOI Heejung 
Published: January 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of and risk factors for urinary incontinence (UI) in Korean men.Methods: This epidemiologic survey adopted a two‐stage systematic sampling method. A total of 5831 men participated in this survey. Face‐to‐face interviews were used to collect data. Age, mobility, self‐care ability, comorbidities and smoking were included as potential risk factors. The type of UI was assessed with the Urogenital Distress Inventory‐6 questionnaire. To provide representative population prevalence estimates, the sample population was weighted by age.Results: The age‐adjusted prevalence of Korean male UI was 5.5%. Urgency urinary incontinence was the most prevalent incontinence type. Men aged 65 years and older had a rate of UI eight times that of men aged 19–44 years. Men with problems in mobility or self‐care had an OR of 2.3 and 1.7, respectively.Conclusion: The age‐adjusted prevalence of UI in community‐dwelling Korean men was 5.5%, which is lower than that of Korean women and higher than previously reported prevalence of Korean male incontinence. Age, immobility, and self‐care ability were risk factors for male UI.
Ethnic differences in creatinine kinetics in a New Zealand end‐stage kidney disease cohort
Authors: Sun Tina Y‐T , Lee Katie E , Kendrick‐Jones Jamie C , Marshall Mark R 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecent data have suggested that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is better predicted in New Zealand (NZ) Māori and Pacific People using the equations for Black people that predict higher GFR for any given serum creatinine. We hypothesized that this might be due to a higher rate of creatinine generation in NZ Māori and Pacific People.AimTo compare creatinine kinetics between different ethnic groups in a cohort of NZ peritoneal dialysis patients.MethodsIn this retrospective single‐centre observational study, creatinine kinetics in 181 patients were determined from timed serum samples, peritoneal dialysate and urine collections between 1 October 2004 and 31 July 2011. Ethnicity was classified as Asian, NZ European, NZ Māori and Pacific People.ResultsA total of 799 samples from 181 patients were analysed: 194 in Asians, 127 in NZ Europeans, 268 in NZ Māori, 207 in Pacific People. Pacific People had the highest serum creatinine and lean body mass, and the highest creatinine generation rate at 1349 mg/day, compared with 1049 for Asians, 1186 for NZ Europeans and 1094 for NZ Māori (P = 0.0001). After adjustment for confounding factors, Pacific People had a greater creatinine generation by 140 mg/day compared with NZ Europeans (P = 0.047).ConclusionPacific People on peritoneal dialysis in NZ have higher serum creatinine, lean body mass and creatinine generation than other ethnic groups. This is consistent with previous observations that equations for predicting GFR in Black people may have increased accuracy in some Australasian non‐White non‐Asian populations.
Predictors of response to individual and group cognitive behaviour therapy of social phobia
Authors: Mörtberg Ewa , Andersson Gerhard 
Published: January 2013

ObjectivesIncreased knowledge of factors that predict treatment outcome is important for planning and individualizing of treatment. This study analysed predictors of response to individual cognitive therapy (ICT), and intensive (3‐week) group cognitive treatment (IGCT) for social phobia.MethodParticipants (n = 54) met diagnostic criteria for social phobia within a randomized controlled trial. Predictors assessed were fear of negative evaluation, anticipatory worry, self‐directedness (SD) and cluster C personality disorder. Results were analysed by means of multiple regression analyses with both groups combined, and for each of the treatment groups.ResultsAnticipatory worry, an aspect of a harm‐avoidance personality trait, was the strongest negative predictor of outcome in ICT and IGCT both at post‐treatment and 1‐year follow‐up. Whereas low SD, signs of cluster C personality disorder and fear of negative evaluation were negative predictors of post‐treatment outcome in ICT, the corresponding pattern of results was not to be found in IGCT.ConclusionsAnticipatory worry appears to be a particularly important trait for explaining variance in the outcome of social phobia. The finding is consistent with the assumed stability of such personality traits over time. Further studies are warranted to replicate the finding.Practitioner Points
Anticipatory worry, an aspect of a harm‐avoidance personality trait was a strong negative predictor of outcome in a randomized trial of ICT and IGCT.
The results imply that this area of processing needs to be more carefully attended to in treatment and possibly, specific techniques for dealing with rumination might be of specific relevance.
Lethal Netherton Syndrome Due to Homozygous p.Arg371X Mutation in SPINK5
Authors: Diociaiuti Andrea , Castiglia Daniele , Fortugno Paola , Bartuli Andrea , Pascucci Monica , Zambruno Giovanna , El Hachem May 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHere we report a lethal case of Netherton syndrome presenting with neurologic complications, hypernatremic dehydration, failure to thrive, and episodes of sepsis. Molecular analysis of the serine protease inhibitor Kazal‐type 5 gene identified a homozygous mutation (c.1111C>T, p.Arg371X). This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis to start appropriate care in a timely fashion and prevent disease complications.
Cytokine concentrations and regulatory T cells in living donor and deceased donor liver transplant recipients
Authors: Briem‐Richter Andrea , Leuschner Alexander , Haag Friedrich , Grabhorn Enke , Ganschow Rainer 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOutcomes of pediatric liver transplantation have constantly improved in the last decade. Living‐related liver transplantation does not seem to improve long‐term outcomes following liver transplantation, but few studies have evaluated immunological parameters of the alloimmune response after living vs. deceased donor organ transplantation. We analyzed numbers of regulatory T cells, lymphocyte subsets, and serum cytokine concentrations in 12 pediatric recipients of living‐related liver transplants and in 28 pediatric recipients of deceased donor organs during their annual follow‐ups. Transplant recipients who underwent living donor organ transplantation had significantly higher numbers of regulatory T cells and IL‐4 serum concentrations than recipients of deceased donor organs; both of these factors are associated with beneficial outcomes and transplantation tolerance. Living‐related liver transplantation may have potentially beneficial immunological aspects, although long‐term outcomes do not seem to be better in recipients of living donor organs than in recipients of deceased donor organs. Further studies are needed to compare immunological aspects of the two transplant procedures.
On Du Bois’ Notion of Double Consciousness
Authors: Kirkland Frank M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe recent reception of Du Bois’ notion of “double consciousness” in the humanities has affirmed the notion as crucial and pivotal throughout his work. In contrast, its recent reception in the social sciences has tended to reject its centrality and importance. This essay will give general credence to the former position but, more importantly, show why a turn to Rousseau’s conception of amour‐propre may illuminate the importance of “double consciousness” in and for Du Bois’ 1903 work The Souls of Black Folk (SBF), despite the fact that he never elaborated on or embraced the notion in work subsequent to SBF’s publication.
Oppression, Privilege, & Aesthetics: The Use of the Aesthetic in Theories of Race, Gender, and Sexuality, and the Role of Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Philosophical Aesthetics
Authors: James Robin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractGender, race, and sexuality are not just identities; they are also systems of social organization – i.e., systems of privilege and oppression. This article addresses two main ways privilege and oppression (e.g., racism, misogyny, heteronormativity) are relevant topics in and for philosophical aesthetics: (i) the role of the aesthetic in privilege and oppression, and (ii) the role of philosophical aesthetics, as a discipline and a body of texts, in constructing and naturalizing relations of privilege and oppression (i.e., white heteropatriarchy). The first part addresses how systems of privilege and oppression use the aesthetic. I will discuss various ways race, gender, and sexuality, as both embodied identities and broader social institutions, work with and through “the aesthetic”. The second part addresses racism and (hetero) sexism in the discipline of aesthetics. Both in its history and its present practice aesthetics’apparentneutrality on questions of privilege and oppression is actually evidence of its investment in systems of privilege and oppression.
The Planning Theory of Law II: The Nature of Legal Norms
Authors: Plunkett David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper and its companion (“The Planning Theory of Law I: The Nature of Legal Institutions”) provide a general introduction to Scott Shapiro’s Planning Theory of Law as developed in his recent book Legality. The Planning Theory encompasses both an account of the nature of legal institutions and an account of the nature of legal norms. The first paper concerns the account of legal institutions. This paper concerns the account of legal norms.
The Planning Theory of Law I: The Nature of Legal Institutions1
Authors: Plunkett David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper and its companion (“The Planning Theory of Law II: The Nature of Legal Norms”) provide a general introduction to Scott Shapiro’s Planning Theory of Law as developed in his recent book Legality. The Planning Theory encompasses both an account of the nature of legal institutions and an account of the nature of legal norms. This first paper concerns the account of legal institutions. The second concerns the account of legal norms.
Adjustments in epidermal UV‐transmittance of leaves in sun‐shade transitions
Authors: Barnes Paul W. , Kersting Anna R. , Flint Stephan D. , Beyschlag Wolfram , Ryel Ronald J. 
Published: January 2013

Epidermal UV transmittance (TUV) and UV‐absorbing compounds were measured in sun and shade leaves of Populus tremuloides and Vicia faba exposed to contrasting light environments under field conditions to evaluate UV acclimation potentials and regulatory roles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV in UV‐shielding. Within a natural canopy of P. tremuloides, TUV ranged from 4 to 98% and showed a strong nonlinear relationship with mid‐day horizontal fluxes of PAR [photon flux density (PFD) = 6–1830 µmol m−2 s−1]; similar patterns were found for V. faba leaves that developed under a comparable PFD range. A series of field transfer experiments using neutral‐density shade cloth and UV blocking/transmitting films indicated that PAR influenced TUV during leaf development to a greater degree than UV, and shade leaves of both species increased their UV‐shielding when exposed to full sun; however, this required the presence of UV, with both UV‐A and UV‐B required for full acclimation. TUV of sun leaves of both species was largely unresponsive to shade either with or without UV. In most, but not all cases, changes in TUV were associated with alterations in the concentration of whole‐leaf UV‐absorbing compounds. These results suggest that, (1) moderate‐to‐high levels of PAR alone during leaf development can induce substantial UV‐protection in field‐grown plants, (2) mature shade leaves have the potential to adjust their UV‐shielding which may reduce the detrimental effects of UV that could occur following sudden exposures to high light and (3) under field conditions, PAR and UV play different roles in regulating UV‐shielding during and after leaf development.
Farming Systems and Rural Out‐Migration in Nang Rong, Thailand, and Chitwan Valley, Nepal
Authors: Piotrowski Martin , Ghimire Dirgha , Rindfuss Ronald 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing data from two postfrontier rural settings, Nang Rong, Thailand (N = 2,538), and Chitwan Valley, Nepal (N = 876), this article examines agricultural push factors determining the out‐migration of young people age 15 to 19. We focus on different dimensions of migration, including distance and duration. Our study examines a wide array of agricultural determinants, each with its own potential effect on migration. These determinants include land tenure, crop portfolios, animal husbandry activities, and use of farm inputs. We link these proximal causes to two underlying mechanisms: risk and amenities. We examine these determinants using separate models across settings. Our results indicate that agricultural factors are significant determinants of migration in both contexts. However, different factors operate in different settings, indicating the importance of contextual variation in explaining the manner in which risks and amenities influence agricultural determinants of migration.