bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Inner and Outer Retinal Thickness in Patients Receiving Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Dursun Ayhan , Ozec Ayşe Vural , Kirboga Kadir , Dursun Feyza Gulac , Toker Mustafa Ilker , Erdogan Haydar , Arici Mustafa Kemal 
Published: July 2015

Purpose To measure inner and outer retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients in whom intravitreal ranibizumab was administered due to diabetic macular edema (DME) and to investigate its relation to the visual prognosis. Methods In this retrospective case series, there were 60 consecutive eyes with DME in which intravitreal ranibizumab injection was performed for 3 times in 1-month intervals. All patients underwent full ophthalmic examination and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT). The total retinal thickness, the inner thickness, and the outer thickness in 4 parafoveal subfields were measured. The correlation between the retinal thickness and logMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was investigated. Results No significant correlation was found between the total retinal thickness in the central and other subfields and either the baseline or final visit logMAR BCVA values (p>0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the final visit logMAR BCVA values and pretreatment inner retinal thickness in the nasal and inferior subfields (r = 0.270, p = 0.037, and r = 0.410, p = 0.001, respectively). There was significant negative correlation between the final visit logMAR BCVA values and pretreatment outer retinal thickness in nasal and temporal parafoveal subfields (r = −0.297, p = 0.021, and r = −0.268, p = 0.038, respectively). Conclusions It could be beneficial to use inner and outer retinal thickness instead of total retinal thickness in determination of short-term prognosis in patients who had intravitreal ranibizumab injection for DME.
Screening for Lynch Syndrome among Patients with Newly Diagnosed Endometrial Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Aguirre Elena , Grana Begoña , Boudet Miguel , Balmana Judith 
Published: July 2015

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by an increased risk of hereditary colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, pancreatic, urinary tract, and gastric cancer. It is estimated that around 5% of all endometrial cancer (EC) cases are due to an inherited predisposition, of which LS might be the most frequent. The lifetime risk of developing EC in women with LS ranges between 40% and 71% depending on the type of mutation. In many cases, this risk may even exceed their risk of developing colon cancer. Moreover, in 60% of these women, EC will be the first primary malignancy diagnosed and the sentinel diagnosis of the syndrome. Therefore, it is essential to identify which women with EC have LS in order to allow implementation of individualized screening and preventive strategies.
Wireless capsule endoscopy in adolescents with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Cavallo Debora , Ballardini Giovanni , Ferrari Andrea , Delconte Gabriele , Signoroni Stefano , Sala Paola , Chiaravalli Stefano , Massimino Maura , Bertario Lucio , Vitellaro Marco 
Published: July 2015

Aims and background Guidelines for surveillance in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) recommend mutation carriers to undergo periodic colorectal examination starting in the early teens. Performing colonoscopy in children may lead to complications. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been introduced recently to evaluate both the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract, and seems suitable as a first screening examination for adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pros and cons of WCE. Methods This was a retrospective review of a single institution database of adolescent patients with FAP identified through the Hereditary Colorectal Tumor Registry between 2007 and 2013. The main outcomes were identification of upper and lower gastrointestinal tract polyps, tolerance of the examination, and number and size of polyps. Results Of 46 adolescent patients with FAP, 14 (30.4%) patients carrying adenomatous polyposis coli gene ( APC) mutation, 6 male and 8 female, age (median, range) 12 (10-17) years, body mass index 19 (13-24), underwent WCE as first screening examination. The examination was completed in 13 patients (93.3%). Wireless capsule endoscopy identified the duodenal papilla in 4 patients and colonic and rectal polyps in all 13 patients. In 7 patients, fewer than 25 polyps were identified. No complications were recorded related to the use of the video capsule. Conclusions Wireless capsule endoscopy is feasible and well-tolerated as a first screening examination in adolescent patients. It cannot be used as alternative to the colonoscopy, but could improve compliance with colonoscopy, and increase early adherence to a surveillance program.
The Management of Small Renal Masses: What is Likely to Change?
Authors: Selli Cesare , Turri Filippo M. , Mariani Chiara , Manassero Francesca 
Published: July 2015

The diffusion of imaging has determined an increased discovery of small renal masses (SRMs). Recent publications have been reviewed to present the state of the art in the management of SRMs and to try to foresee the next steps in this challenging condition. The role of percutaneous biopsies is expanding, since management algorithms include also active surveillance and ablative therapies. However up to 30% of biopsies fail to provide histological diagnosis and there is the risk of under-evaluating high-grade tumors. Active surveillance has been proposed in patients with reduced life expectancy and numerous comorbidities. The average growth of SRMs is slow, and metastatic progression has been observed in about 1%. Ablative therapies (cryotherapy and radiofrequency ablation) are used in patients with relevant comorbidities or advanced age and unfit for surgery, but who desire active treatment. Compared to conservative surgical treatment both techniques have increased local progression rates, while metastatic progression is relatively low. Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the recommended curative treatment for SRMs and can be performed open, laparoscopically or robotically. Open PN represents the benchmark, with similar cancer specific survival and better preservation of renal function compared to nephrectomy. Laparoscopy is comparable to open surgery in terms of oncologic results, but a long learning curve is necessary. Perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted PN appear superior to laparoscopy and the learning curve is shorter, but data for oncological results are still immature. With the increasing diffusion of robotic technology it is likely more SRMs will be managed with this approach.
Unconditioned Subjectivity: Immanent Synthesis in Kant's Third Antinomy
Authors: Basterra Gabriela 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Kant's third antinomy introduces freedom as the unconditioned cause that allows reason to form a synthesis of causal linkage. What different thinking conditions, I ask, does this antinomy open up for reason even to entertain any possibility of success? Reason's ability to form a synthesis depends on acknowledging the role in Kant's argument of a subject that does not need to be envisioned as a standpoint—whether intelligible or empirical, as Kant's explicit solution has it—but, rather, as the site of a relationship between the series and its outside. We may call it “unconditioned subjectivity,” clarifying from the outset that subjectivity in this sense names a structural position that plays an exceptional role in the series: it is the element that exceptionally introduces a boundary, a fleeting moment of closure. Unconditioned subjectivity would name the relationship and boundary that anchor the phenomenal series time and again. I argue, moreover, that the synthesis of causality forming here coheres as a dynamic system that is not stable or self-contained but, rather, contingent and “in progress.” Perhaps unexpectedly, the potential of this antinomy to form this dynamic system hinges on the fact that its antithesis denies freedom.
Husserl's Phenomenology of Poiesis: Philosophy as Production
Authors: Miettinen Timo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
This article deals with the topic of production in the framework of Husserlian phenomenology. It argues for the centrality of the often-neglected thematic of production for Husserl's late phenomenology of generativity and its broadened understanding of human subjectivity as “poietic being.” As the article shows, this understanding had significant consequences for Husserl's understanding of philosophy not so much as an individualistic attitude but as the creation of a new type of communal accomplishment, the ideas, and a new type of producing community.
Metaphorical Transcendence: Notes on Levinas's Unpublished Lecture on Metaphor
Authors: Davidson Scott 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In his published work, Levinas only mentions metaphor for the sake of dismissing its relevance to his ethics of transcendence. Metaphor is aligned with the poetic imagery and the rhetorical devices that weave together an ontology of immanence, whereas transcendence is said to occur through an immediate encounter with the other. But Levinas's unpublished lecture “La Métaphore” is of interest precisely because it troubles this distinction through the notion of a “metaphorical transcendence.” Although Levinas abandons this terminology after his lecture, this article suggests that an implicit, but unavowed, operation of metaphor persists in the guise of his ethics of substitution.
An Event Worthy of the Name, a Name Worthy of the Event
Authors: Smith Daniel 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In a number of his later works, Derrida makes reference to the concept of the “event.” However, unlike for many of the other concepts developed in this phase of his writing (the gift, hospitality, and so on), we do not find one “basic” or “primary” text in which he develops the logic of the concept. We find him alluding to it in different contexts and making use of it in certain ways, but, at least with this concept, he leaves much of the philosophical “work” to readers. The aim of this article is to elucidate Derrida's concept of the event, to lay out as clearly as possible the way in which the concept functions. In the first part, I go through the logic, working out step by step what makes an “event worthy of the name” (to use Derrida's preferred idiom). In the second part, I deal with the paradoxes that arise when we ask how it is possible to say anything about an event, how one might go about constructing a “name worthy of the event.”
On the Subject of Badiou: A Deleuzian Critique
Authors: Adkins Brent 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In the Deleuze–Badiou debate most criticisms of Badiou focus on how Badiou gets Deleuze wrong. What this defensive posture does not exploit, though, is the way in which Deleuze and Guattari can be seen to have anticipated and criticized Badiou's work. I argue that in A Thousand Plateaus, particularly “On Several Regimes of Signs,” Badiou's theory of the subject can be read as an attempt to extract a passional, postsignifying regime out of its mixture with a despotic, signifying regime. It is here that we can locate all of Badiou's concerns about subject formation in fidelity to an event.
Whistlers observed outside the plasmasphere: Correlation to plasmaspheric/plasmapause features
Authors: Adrian M. L. , Fung S. F. , Gallagher D. L. , Green J. L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWhistlers observed outside the plasmasphere by Cluster have been correlated with the global plasmasphere using Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration‐Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (IMAGE‐EUV) observations. Of the 12 Cluster‐observed whistler events reported, EUV is able to provide global imaging of the plasmasphere for every event and demonstrates a direct correlation between the detection of lightning‐generated whistlers beyond the plasmapause and the presence of a global perturbation of the local plasmapause. Of these 12 correlated events, seven of the Cluster‐observed whistlers (or 58%) are associated with the Cluster spacecraft lying radially outward from a plasmaspheric notch. Two of the Cluster‐observed whistlers (17%) are associated with the low‐density region between the late afternoon plasmapause and the western wall of a plasmaspheric drainage plume. The final three Cluster‐observed whistler events (25%) are associated with a nonradial, nonazimuthal depletion in plasmaspheric He+ emission that are termed “notch‐like” crenulations. In one of these cases, the notch‐like crenulations appear to be manifestations entrained within the plasmasphere boundary layer of a standing wave on the surface of the plasmasphere. The correlated Cluster/IMAGE‐EUV observations suggest that the depleted flux tubes that connect the ionosphere to the low‐density regions of plasmaspheric trough and inner magnetosphere facilitate the escape of whistler waves from the plasmasphere.
Evaluation of the impact of AIRS profiles on prediction of Indian summer monsoon using WRF variational data assimilation system
Authors: Raju Attada , Parekh Anant , Kumar Prashant , Gnanaseelan C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of temperature and moisture profiles from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the prediction of the Indian summer monsoon, using the variational data assimilation system annexed to the Weather Research and Forecasting model. In this study, three numerical experiments are carried out. The first is the control and includes no assimilation; in the second, named Conv, assimilation of conventional Global Telecommunication System data is performed. The third one, named ConvAIRS, is identical to the Conv except that it also includes assimilation of AIRS profiles. The initial fields of tropospheric temperature and water vapor mixing ratio showed significant improvement over the model domain. Assimilation of AIRS profiles has significant impact on predicting the seasonal mean monsoon characteristics such as tropospheric temperature, low‐level moisture distribution, easterly wind shear, and precipitation. The vertical structure of the root‐mean‐square error is substantially affected by the assimilation of AIRS profiles, with smaller errors in temperature, humidity, and wind magnitude. The consequent improved representation of moisture convergence in the boundary layer (deep convection as well) causes an increase in precipitation forecast skill. The fact that the monsoonal circulation is better captured, thanks to an improved representation of thermal gradients, which in turn leads to more realistic moisture transport, is particularly noteworthy. Several previous data impact studies with AIRS and other sensors have focused on the short or medium range of the forecast. The demonstrated improvement in all the predicted fields associated with the Indian summer monsoon, consequent to the month long assimilation of AIRS profiles, is an innovative finding with large implications to the operational seasonal forecasting capabilities over the Indian subcontinent.
A statistical study of fundamental toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves using THEMIS ion bulk velocity data
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Hartinger Michael D. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Glassmeier Karl‐Heinz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have studied the statistical properties of toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves with a fundamental eigenmode structure along the field line, denoted T1 waves, in the L range 7–12, using THEMIS‐D data for 2008–2013. T1 wave events were identified in hourly data segments using an automated procedure that detects narrowband oscillations in the azimuthal component of the ion bulk velocity. For each event we determined the frequency, amplitude, ellipticity, and the orientation angle of the polarization ellipse, and we examined the L and magnetic local time dependence of the detection rate and physical properties of the T1 waves. Confirming previous observations in space and on the ground, we found a pronounced dawn‐dusk asymmetry in the wave detection rate and amplitude. The detection rate in the dawn sector is approximately twice as high as that in the dusk sector, and the amplitude in the dawn sector is larger by ∼50%. The same asymmetry is also evident in the velocity amplitude averaged in the fixed Pc5 band (1.7–6.7 mHz) and in the amplitude of the electric field and field line displacement that are derived from the velocity amplitude. The ellipticity and the orientation angle of the polarization ellipse are organized by local time, in accordance with the theoretical prediction of toroidal mode waves excited by field line resonance with tailward propagating waves in the magnetosphere, which are in turn driven by external sources. Although infrequently, T1 waves are also detected in the midnight sector, suggesting magnetotail sources for this subset of events.
FDTD simulation of LEMP propagation over lossy ground: Influence of distance, ground conductivity, and source parameters
Authors: Aoki Masanori , Baba Yoshihiro , Rakov Vladimir A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe have computed lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMPs), including the azimuthal magnetic field Hφ, vertical electric field Ez, and horizontal (radial) electric field Eh that propagated over 5 to 200 km of flat lossy ground, using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method in the 2‐D cylindrical coordinate system. This is the first systematic full‐wave study of LEMP propagation effects based on a realistic return‐stroke model and including the complete return‐stroke frequency range. Influences of the return‐stroke wavefront speed (ranging from c/2 to c, where c is the speed of light), current risetime (ranging from 0.5 to 5 µs), and ground conductivity (ranging from 0.1 mS/m to ∞) on Hφ, Ez, and Eh have been investigated. Also, the FDTD‐computed waveforms of Eh have been compared with the corresponding ones computed using the Cooray‐Rubinstein formula. Peaks of Hφ, Ez, and Eh are nearly proportional to the return‐stroke wavefront speed. The peak of Eh decreases with increasing current risetime, while those of Hφ and Ez are only slightly influenced by it. The peaks of Hφ and Ez are essentially independent of the ground conductivity at a distance of 5 km. Beyond this distance, they appreciably decrease relative to the perfectly conducting ground case, and the decrease is stronger for lower ground conductivity values. The peak of Eh increases with decreasing ground conductivity. The computed Eh/Ez is consistent with measurements of Thomson et al. (1988). The observed decrease of Ez peak and increase of Ez risetime due to propagation over 200 km of Florida soil are reasonably well reproduced by the FDTD simulation with ground conductivity of 1 mS/m.
Spectral calculations of Rayleigh‐scattering optical depth at Arctic and Antarctic sites using a two‐term algorithm
Authors: Tomasi Claudio , Petkov Boyan H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA two‐term algorithm is defined to evaluate the Rayleigh‐scattering optical depth (ROD) in the Arctic and Antarctic atmospheres at ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared wavelengths. The first term accounts for the tropospheric contribution up to 8 km altitude and the second for the upper troposphere and low stratosphere (UTLS) region and the upper atmosphere up to 120 km altitude. In these calculations, the vertical profiles of pressure p(z) and temperature T(z) are used, as derived from the multiyear sets of radiosounding measurements performed from 2000 to 2006 at four Arctic stations (Cambridge Bay, Resolute Bay, Danmarkshavn, and Alert) and four Antarctic stations (Neumayer, McMurdo, Dome C, and South Pole). By analyzing the radiosonde data sets collected at the eight sites, the daily average values of tropospheric ROD are calculated and their seasonal variations versus the mean tropospheric temperature and surface level temperature are determined in order to evaluate the temperature correction functions for tropospheric ROD. Similarly, the vertical profiles of p(z) and T(z) defined in the stratosphere and upper atmosphere are examined in order to (i) calculate the “stratospheric” ROD contribution, (ii) analyze its annual temporal variations, (iii) calculate the average temperature in the UTLS region, and (iv) determine the most suitable temperature anomaly corrections at the eight chosen polar sites. The spectral evaluations of the tropospheric and “stratospheric” ROD terms are given at 21 selected wavelengths from 0.30 to 4.00 µm for each polar site. The present two‐term algorithm incorporates the tropospheric and “stratospheric” ROD terms, along with the correction factors derived for the actual pressure and temperature conditions, and can be used to calculate accurate overall ROD values at the given Arctic and Antarctic sites for the average annual thermal conditions of the atmosphere and the average seasonal variations characterizing the temperature conditions of the UTLS region. The ROD estimates obtained using the present method constitutes a nontrivial improvement over estimates made with the traditional method.
Nocardia
Authors: Goodfellow Michael , Maldonado Luis A. 
Published: July 2015

No.card'ia. N.L. fem. n.Nocardianamed after Edmond Nocard (1850–1903), a French veterinarian who first isolated members of this taxon.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Corynebacteriales / Nocardiaceae / NocardiaAerobic,Gram‐stain‐positive to Gram‐stain‐variable,nonmotile catalase‐positive actinomycetes which are typically acid–alcohol‐fast at some stages of the growth cycle.Rudimentary to extensively branched,substrate hyphae that often fragmentin situor on mechanical disruption into coccoid to rod‐shaped,nonmotile elements.Aerial hyphae,at times visible only microscopically,are almost always present. Colonial appearance is variable; colonies may be smooth to granular and irregular, wrinkled or heaped. Carotenoid‐like pigments confer various shades of orange, pink, red, or yellow to colonies growing on solid culture media. Soluble brown or yellowish diffusible pigments may be produced.Chemo‐organotrophic with an oxidative type of carbohydrate metabolism.Arylsulfatase‐negative. Most strains grow well from 20°C up to 45°C.DNA G+C content(mol%): 63–72% (HPLC,Tm).Type species:Nocardia asteroides(Eppinger 1891) Blanchard 1896, 856VP.
Blattabacterium
Authors: Kambhampati Srinivas 
Published: July 2015

Blat.ta.bac.te'ri.um. L. fem. n.blattaan insect that shuns the light, the cockroach, chafer, moth, etc.; L. neut. n.bacteriumrod; N.L. neut. n.Blattabacterium, an endosymbiotic bacterium harbored by cockroaches and one termite species.Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Blattabacteriaceae / BlattabacteriumBlattabacteriumare present only asintracellular symbionts(endosymbionts) in almost all species of cockroaches (Blattaria: Dictyoptera) studied so far and one species of termite,Mastotermes darwiniensis(Mastotermitidae: Isoptera). Lo, Bandi, Watanabe, Nalepa and Beninati (2007) reported that they could not detect the presence ofBlattabacteriumin members of the cockroach genusNocticola.Plump,slightly curved and straight rods, about 1 µm in diameter and 1.6–9.0 µm in length, usually with rounded ends. Length slightly variable among cockroach species. Within a cockroach species, longer forms occur inside specialized cells of abdominal fat body calledmycetocytes; shorter forms occur in gonads and embryos. Binary fission pairs are common in mycetocytes.Enveloped by host cell membranes. Gram‐stain‐variable to Gram‐stain‐positive staining but has aGram‐negative type cell‐wallstructure composed of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane.Nonmotile.Nonflagellated.Possesses enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory cytochromes.DNA G+C content(mol%): 26–28 (Bd).Type species:Blattabacterium cuenoti(Mercier 1906) Hollande and Favre 1931, 754AL(Bacillus cuenotiMercier 1906, 684).