bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of ethyl 4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4H-pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole-3-carboxylate
Authors: Kumar Balbir , Kour Manmeet , Paul Satya , Kant Rajni , Gupta Vivek K. 
Published: August 2015

In the title compound, C20H17ClN2O2S, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzothiazole fused ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 Å) and the chlorobenzene ring is 89.62 (12)°. The ester C—O—C—C side chain has anantiorientation [torsion angle = −155.2 (3)°]. In the crystal, weak aromatic π–π stacking interactions are observed between the phenyl and pyrimidine rings [centroid–centroid seperation = 3.666 (2) Å].
Can reflection boost competences development in organizations?
Authors: Nansubuga Florence , Munene John C , Ntayi Joseph M 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the gaps in some existing competence frameworks and investigate the power of reflection on one’s behavior to improve the process of the competences development.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors used a correlational design and a quasi-experimental non-equivalent group design involving a baseline assessment (pre-test) of participants’ ability to reflect on their actions instead of applying the standardized competences. Participants were placed in a treatment group and control groups. The treatment group was exposed to a coaching intervention in reflection and operant competence development. Six months later, the authors conducted post-test assessment to assess effect size caused by the coaching intervention regarding the treatment group’s ability to reflect and transform standardized competences into operant competences.

Findings
– The results showed that reflection and operant competences correlates significantly. Second, there was a larger effect size between the pre-test and post-test assessment results for the treatment group implying change in reflective practice and acquisition of operant competences.

Practical implications
– The results demonstrated the need to utilize reflection as a component that will add value to the existing competence frameworks.

Originality/value
– The research adds value to the existing competence development frameworks by introducing reflective practice among managers to create competences that are compatible with the operational context.
On the conditions for the cooperative relations between family businesses: the role of trust
Authors: Hadjielias Elias , Poutziouris Panikkos 
Published: August 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the conditions underpinning the cooperative relationships between family businesses. The role of trust is also explored, given the focus on informal conditions nested within the cooperation between firms.Design/methodology/approach– A case study research method is adopted in this paper. This research is conducted within a cooperative association in Cyprus where 40 retail family businesses trade under the same brand.Findings– The findings suggest that cooperation between family businesses emerges and unfolds as a result of the presence and interrelationships between a number of critical conditions: trust, altruism, collective thinking, stewardship, friendship, and family values congruence. The work illustrates that trust becomes a catalyst to the emergence and maintenance of cooperative relations between family businesses. Trust between family leaders is important in building altruism, collective thinking, and stewardship norms amongst them, and helps in sustaining the cooperation between their respective firms. At the same time, trust (stemming from past friendship and values congruence between diverse family leaders) becomes important in bringing family businesses to cooperate together at first instance. Further, the findings stress the role of critical events and self-interest in moderating the role and influence of trust on the cooperation between family businesses.Originality/value– This paper contributes to the family business field through new knowledge on the relations between family businesses and the unique conditions that shape their long-term cooperation.
Societal institutions and control system characteristics: empirical evidence from the UAE
Authors: Youssef Mayada Abd El-Aziz , Moustafa Essam 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to explore the existence of two sets of factors societal institutions and management control systems’ (MCS) characteristics in the UAE business entities. Subsequently, this paper empirically examines the bilateral and the multivariate associations between the two sets. The societal institutions include six factors categorised in three main groups: cultural conventions, state structures and policies and skill development and control. The MCS characteristics consist of four factors which are: reliance on formal rules, control over the behaviour of employees, involvement of subordinates in target setting and performance evaluation and scope of information used in performance evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Whitley’s model (1999) is adopted in the UAE business environment and the analyses are performed at the organisational level. Qualified accounting officials and managers are surveyed. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman’s partial correlation and multiple regression are used for data analyses.

Findings
– Findings reveal the characteristics of the UAE societal institutions and the MCS in UAE organisations. They also reveal significant associations among four of the societal institution factors and most of the MCS characteristics. The results highlight the role played by the government structures and policies group in influencing the MCS characteristics in the UAE organisations. However, these results do not entirely agree with Whitley’s model.

Research limitations/implications
– The results of this study are restricted by the typical constraints associated with the survey method. The obtained results have implications for researchers and managers in facilitating the understanding of the relations among the various societal institutions and the MCS characteristics.

Originality/value
– This research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, provides significant new empirical evidence into the relation between societal institutions and MCS characteristics in a non-Western economy.
Assessing the contribution of Islamic finance to economic growth
Authors: Abd. Majid M. Shabri , H. Kassim Salina 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the contribution of the Islamic banking and financial institutions (IBFIs) to economic growth in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
– Focusing on the post-1997 economic turmoil, the paper relies on several time series tests, such as autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL), vector error correction model (VECM) and variance decompositions (VDCs).

Findings
– The paper documents significant role played by the IBFIs in Malaysian economy. In particular, significant unidirectional causality was found from the IBFIs development to economic growth, supporting the finance-growth led hypothesis or the supply-leading view.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper only focuses its analysis on the role of the IBFIs in the Malaysian economy and not the financial sector as a whole. Thus, the findings of this paper are indicative, but inconclusive for the entire financial sector in the country.

Practical implications
– Continuous efforts should be undertaken to promote the development of the Islamic banking industry due to its significant contribution to Malaysia’s economic growth by further improving the Islamic financial infrastructure, increasing the pool of human capital in the Islamic banking industry, providing conducive legal environment to the IBFIs and maintaining the Islamic financial sector stability.

Originality/value
– This paper is the first attempt to empirically assess the contribution of Islamic banking institutions in Malaysia using ARDL, VECM and VDCs.
Earnings management behaviour of Shariah-compliant firms and non-Shariah-compliant firms
Authors: Farooq Omar , AbdelBari Allaa 
Published: August 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to answer the following questions by using the data from the MENA region (Morocco, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Kuwait and Bahrain): Do Shariah-compliant firms differ from other firms in the quality of information disclosure? and Can investors consider information disclosed by Shariah-compliant firms more truthful than information disclosed by other firms?

Design/methodology/approach
– Using regression analysis, this paper examines the relationship between earnings management and Shariah compliance during the period between 2005 and 2009.

Findings
– Results show that Shariah-compliant firms engage in lower earnings management than non-Shariah-compliant firms. This paper argues that financial characteristics of Shariah-compliant firms (i.e. low leverage, low account receivables and low cash) provide lower chances to managers to misreport earnings. It is also shown that external conditions can minimize the difference in earnings management between the two groups. Results show no significant difference between earnings management of Shariah-compliant firms and earnings management of non-Shariah-compliant firms in the common law countries and during the crisis period. This paper considers high risk of litigation in common law countries and enhanced monitoring of stock market participants during the crisis period main factors behind these results. This paper argues that external governance mechanisms can result in improving disclosure practices of non-Shariah-compliant firms to a level that minimizes the impact of Shariah compliance on earnings management.

Practical implications
– Results have implications for investors and regulators functioning in the MENA region. These results indicate that non-Shariah-compliant firms, being more prone to earnings misreporting, need more scrutiny from regulators than Shariah-compliant firms.

Originality/value
– The authors believe that this paper is the first attempt to argue that it is the financial characteristics of Shariah-compliant firms (i.e. low leverage, low account receivables and low cash) that result in better disclosure of reported earnings.
Economic Growth, Globalisation and Beer Consumption
Authors: Colen Liesbeth , Swinnen Johan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe analyse the evolution of beer consumption between countries and over time. Historically, there have been major changes in beer consumption in the world. In recent times, per capita consumption has decreased in traditional beer drinking countries while it increased strongly in emerging economies. Recently, China has overtaken the US as the largest beer economy. A quantitative empirical analysis studies the relationships among economic growth, globalisation and beer consumption. The relationship between income and beer consumption has an inverse U‐shape. Beer consumption initially increases with rising incomes; but at higher levels of income beer consumption falls. Increased globalisation has contributed to a convergence in alcohol consumption patterns across countries. In countries that were originally beer drinking countries, the share of beer in total alcohol consumption reduced, while this is not the case in countries which traditionally drank mostly wine or spirits.
A Selective Review of the Economic Analysis of Animal Health Management
Authors: Jarvis Lovell S. , Valdes‐Donoso Pablo 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEconomists and veterinarians use similar approaches to analyse animal health threats, but veterinarians are concerned primarily with providing practical guidelines to peers and/or policy‐makers, while economists focus more on understanding the benefits to society as a whole and often provide only general guidelines to policy‐makers and little specific direction to practicing veterinarians. Despite the benefits of working together, differences in perspective and analytical approach often cause economists and veterinarians to struggle in dialogue and to lose some of the mutual gains that could be achieved through collaboration. This article discusses the use of economics in animal health management, identifies several useful literature reviews, and analyses a number of recent studies to explore the advantages and disadvantages of different conceptual and methodological approaches.
Shells and Bones: A Forensic Medicine Study of the Association of Terrestrial Snail Allopeas micra with Buried Human Remains in Brazil
Authors: Galvão Malthus Fonseca , Pujol‐Luz José Roberto , Pujol‐Luz Cristiane Vieira de Assis , de Rosa Cássio Thyone Almeida , Simone Luiz Ricardo L. , Báo Sônia Nair , Barros‐Cordeiro Karine Brenda , Pessoa Larissa , Bissacot Giovanna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLittle is known regarding the scavenger fauna associated with buried human corpses, particularly in clandestine burials. We report the presence of 20 shells of the terrestrial snail Allopeas micra, within hollow bones of human remains buried for 5 years, during the process of collecting DNA material. The fact that a large number of shells of A. micra had been found in the corpse and in the crime scene supports the assumption that there was no attempt to remove the corpse from the area where the crime occurred. Despite this, our observations cannot be used to estimate the postmortem interval because there is no precise knowledge about the development of this species. This is the first record of a terrestrial snail associated with a human corpse and its role in this forensic medicine case.
The Natures of War
Authors: Gregory Derek 
Published: August 2015

Abstract“Nature” is more than a resource bank whose riches can trigger armed conflict and finance its depredations; it is also a medium through which military and paramilitary violence is conducted. The militarisation of nature is part of a dialectic in which earthy, vibrant matter shapes the contours of conflict and leaves its marks on the bodies of soldiers who are both vectors and victims of military violence. Three case studies identify some of the central bio‐physical formations that became entangled with armed conflict in the twentieth century: the mud of the Western Front in the First World War, the deserts of North Africa in the Second World War, and the rainforests of Vietnam. Taken together, these reveal vital connections between the materiality and corporeality of modern war and their continued relevance to its contemporary transformations.
Finnish guidelines for the treatment of laryngitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis in children
Authors: Tapiainen Terhi , Aittoniemi Janne , Immonen Johanna , Jylkkä Heli , Meinander Tuula , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Peltola Ville , Salo Eeva , Seuri Raija , Walle Satu‐Maaria , Korppi Matti 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEvidence‐based guidelines are needed to harmonise and improve the diagnostics and treatment of children's lower respiratory tract infections. Following a professional literature search, an interdisciplinary working group evaluated and graded the available evidence and constructed guidelines for treating laryngitis, bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis and bronchiolitis.ConclusionCurrently available drugs were not effective in relieving cough symptoms. Salbutamol inhalations could relieve the symptoms of wheezing bronchitis and should be administered via a holding chamber. Nebulised adrenaline or inhaled or oral glucocorticoids did not reduce hospitalisation rates or relieve symptoms in infants with bronchiolitis and should not be routinely used.
Response of native versus exotic plant guilds to cattle and elk herbivory in forested rangeland
Authors: Pekin Burak K. , Wisdom Michael J. , Parks Catherine G. , Endress Bryan A. , Naylor Bridgett J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQuestionsAre exotic plant species favoured by non‐native ungulate herbivores and disadvantaged by native herbivores in forested rangelands? Do the impacts of ungulates on exotic vs native plants depend on forest management activities such as prescribed fire and stand thinning?LocationNortheastern Oregon, USA.MethodsWe recorded changes in richness and cover of different exotic and native plant life forms in experimental plots that were grazed only by cattle (a non‐native herbivore), only by elk (a native herbivore) or not grazed by any ungulate over a 7‐yr period at both managed (recently burned and thinned) and unmanaged (where no fire and thinning has occurred in >40 yr) forest stands.ResultsThere was a general decrease in exotic plant species richness and cover across all treatments. However, the decrease in exotic richness, particularly of exotic annual forbs, was slightly lower in plots grazed by elk than in ungrazed plots at managed stands. Managed stands also displayed a larger increase in native annual forb richness and exotic graminoid richness, and a larger decrease in native perennial graminoid cover with cattle grazing than elk grazing. At unmanaged stands, cover of woody native plants such as shrubs, sub‐shrubs and trees as well as native perennial forbs decreased or remained relatively constant with elk grazing while increasing strongly at plots that were ungrazed or grazed by cattle.ConclusionsCattle and elk have variable effects on different plant guilds at managed vs unmanaged forest stands. Overall, cattle grazing tends to have a larger impact on herbaceous plant guilds at managed stands, while elk grazing tends to have a larger impact on woody plant guilds at unmanaged stands. However, in contrast to findings from other ecosystems, grazing only has a minor impact on exotic plant dynamics in our study area, and cattle grazing does not favour exotic plants any more than grazing by elk or ungulate exclusion.
Amnesia and future thinking: Exploring the role of memory in the quantity and quality of episodic future thoughts
Authors: Cole Scott N. , Morrison Catriona M. , Barak Ohr , Pauly‐Takacs Katalin , Conway Martin A. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo examine the impact of memory accessibility on episodic future thinking.DesignSingle‐case study of neurological patient HCM and an age‐matched comparison group of neurologically Healthy Controls.MethodsWe administered a full battery of tests assessing general intelligence, memory, and executive functioning. To assess autobiographical memory, the Autobiographical Memory Interview (Kopelman, Wilson, & Baddeley, 1990. The Autobiographical Memory Interview. Bury St. Edmunds, UK: Thames Valley Test Company) was administered. The Past Episodic and Future Episodic sections of Dalla Barba's Confabulation Battery (Dalla Barba, 1993, Cogn. Neuropsychol., 1, 1) and a specifically tailored Mental Time Travel Questionnaire were administered to assess future thinking in HCM and age‐matched controls.ResultsHCM presented with a deficit in forming new memories (anterograde amnesia) and recalling events from before the onset of neurological impairment (retrograde amnesia). HCM's autobiographical memory impairments are characterized by a paucity of memories from Recent Life. In comparison with controls, two features of his future thoughts are apparent: Reduced episodic future thinking and outdated content of his episodic future thoughts.ConclusionsThis article suggests neuropsychologists should look beyond popular conceptualizations of the past–future relation in amnesia via focussing on reduced future thinking. Investigating both the quantity and quality of future thoughts produced by amnesic patients may lead to developments in understanding the complex nature of future thinking disorders resulting from memory impairments.Practitioner points

We highlight the clinical importance of examining the content of future thoughts in amnesic patients, rather than only its quantitative reduction.

We propose an explanation of how quantitative and qualitative aspects of future thinking could be affected by amnesia. This could provide a useful approach to understand clinical cases of impaired prospection.

Limitations

Systematic group investigations are required to fully examine our hypothesis.

Although the current study utilized typical future thinking measures, these may be limited and we highlight the need to develop clinically relevant measures of prospection.
Job market signalling, stereotype threat and counter‐stereotypical behaviour
Authors: Chisik Richard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractI introduce stereotype threat in a multiple‐productivity signalling model. Existence of multiple self‐fulfilling stereotypes, which can generate statistical discrimination, is more likely if there is less variance in the ability distribution. A low endogenously correct stereotype about a group forces higher‐ability group members to choose a higher‐productivity and a higher separating signal, thereby engaging in counter‐stereotypical behaviour. This counter‐stereotypical behaviour causes the remaining partially pooling group to have lower average productivity, reinforcing the negative stereotype. The co‐existence of stereotype threat and counter‐stereotypical behaviour can explain the simultaneity of lower wages and higher education attainment in a group facing labour‐market discrimination.
Functional swallowing outcomes following treatment for oropharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review of the evidence comparing trans‐oral surgery versus non‐surgical management
Authors: Dawe N. , Patterson J. , O'Hara J. 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundTrans‐oral surgical and non‐surgical management options for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) appear to offer similar survival outcomes. Functional outcomes, in particular swallowing, have become of increasing interest in the debate regarding treatment options. Contemporary reviews on function following treatment frequently include surrogate markers and limit the value of comparative analysis.Objectives of reviewA systematic review was performed to establish whether direct comparisons of swallowing outcomes could be made between trans‐oral surgical approaches (trans‐oral laser microsurgery (TLM)/trans‐oral robotic surgery (TORS)) and (chemo)radiotherapy ((C)RT).Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane databases were interrogated using the following MeSH terms: antineoplastic protocols, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, deglutition disorders, swallowing, lasers, and trans‐oral surgery.Evaluation methodTwo authors performed independent systematic reviews and consensus was sought if opinions differed. The WHO ICF classification was applied to generate analysis based around body functions and structure, activity limitations and participation restriction.ResultsThirty‐seven citations were included in the analysis. Twenty‐six papers reported the outcomes for OPSCC treatment following primary (C)RT in 1377 patients, and 15 papers following contemporary trans‐oral approaches in 768 patients. Meta‐analysis was not feasible due to varying methodology and heterogeneity of outcome measures. Instrumental swallowing assessments were presented in 13/26 (C)RT versus 2/15 TLM/TORS papers. However, reporting methods of these studies were not standardised. This variety of outcome measures and the wide‐ranging intentions of authors applying the measures in individual studies limit any practical direct comparisons of the effects of treatment on swallowing outcomes between interventions.ConclusionsFrom the current evidence, no direct comparisons could be made of swallowing outcomes between the surgical and non‐surgical modalities. Swallowing is a multidimensional construct, and the range of assessments utilised by authors reflects the variety of available reporting methods. The MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory is a subjective measure that allows limited comparison between the currently available heterogeneous data, and is explored in detail. The findings highlight that further research may identify the most appropriate tools for measuring swallowing in patients with OPSCC. Consensus should allow their standardised integration into future studies and randomised control trials.