bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of experience‐based MBA educational programs on international career mobility
Authors: Ryan Jason , Silvanto Sari , Brown Haakon T. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine empirically whether teaching methodologies that emphasize international experiential learning have a significant role in fostering or encouraging greater international mobility. To that end, it assesses whether MBA programs that emphasize experience‐based learning in the form of international travel, exchanges and internships have more internationally mobile graduates than programs that do not. It also discusses the broader role of experiential learning in teaching students skills relevant to international business.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses data from the Financial Times Global MBA Rankings and the A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Globalization Index to assess whether international experiential learning is conducive to the future international mobility of graduates. It employs a multivariate data analysis methodology to examine whether the international experience and exposure received during an MBA is a predictor of subsequent international mobility.FindingsThis study finds that MBA programs that use experiential teaching methods that emphasize international travel, exchanges and internships tend to have more internationally mobile graduates than those that do not, even after the influence of foreign students and location have been controlled for.Originality/valueRelatively few studies have examined the question of whether the international experiential teaching methods that many MBA programs use, such as exchanges, internships and travel, have an impact on the subsequent international mobility of graduates. This is an important research area as many MBA programs have embraced experiential learning techniques as the centerpiece of their efforts to train more culturally sensitive, adaptable and internationally‐minded graduates to work both domestically and overseas.
Reclaiming “Anthropology: the forgotten behavioral science in management history” – commentaries
Authors: Luthans Fred , Milosevic Ivana , Bechky Beth A. , Schein Edgar H. , Wright Susan , Van Maanen John , Greenwood Davydd J. 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis collection of commentaries on the reprinted 1987 article by Nancy C. Morey and Fred Luthans, “Anthropology: the forgotten behavioral science in management history”, aims to reflect on the treatment of the history of anthropological work in organizational studies presented in the original article.Design/methodology/approachThe essays are invited and peer‐reviewed contributions from scholars in organizational studies and anthropology.FindingsThe scholars invited to comment on the original article have seen its value, and their contributions ground its content in contemporary issues and debates.Originality/valueThe original article was deemed “original” for its time (1987), anticipating as it did considerable reclamation of ethnographic methods in organizational studies in the decades that followed it. It was also deemed of value for our times and, in particular, for readers of this journal, as an historical document, but also as one view of the unsung role of anthropology in management and organizational studies.
Thermally stable pigments based on mixed metal oxides
Authors: Fahim Abdel‐Mohsen Fawzia , Salah Aly Emira Hassan 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThis work aimed to prepare black transition metal oxide pigments to be used as solar absorbers in the solar selective and other industrial paints.Design/methodology/approachMixed metal oxide CoCuMnOx spinel pigments were synthesised via the sol‐gel route. These oxides, namely (I‐Co0.50Cu0.25Mn0.25)Ox, (II‐Co0.25Cu0.50Mn0.25)Ox and (III‐Co0.25Cu0.25Mn0.50)Ox, were prepared with different molar ratios and annealed at 600, 800 and 900°C, respectively. The prepared oxides were characterised by infrared spectrometer (IS), differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM).FindingsThe prepared pigments have a spinel structure with the composition CoCuMnOx. All synthesised pigments consisted of nano particles ranged from 10 to 80 nm. The optical properties showed high absorption and moderately low reflectance in the solar wavelength range.Research limitations/implicationsThe prepared samples, used in the present work, were synthesized from cobalt sulphate, copper chloride and manganese chloride. The salts were dispersed in polyacrylamide as a precursor.Practical implicationsThe prepared samples were thermally stable and had good optical properties. They could be used as absorber materials in the painting of solar collectors.Originality/valueThese thermally stable mixed metal oxides could be used in the painting of solar collectors. The three mixed metal oxides could be used as absorber materials for heating solar collectors due to their high absorption and moderately low reflectance in the solar wavelength range.
Growth behaviors of tin whisker in RE‐doped Sn‐Zn‐Ga solder
Authors: Ye Huan , Xue Songbai , Chen Cheng , Li Yang 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the growth behavior and mechanism of Sn whisker induced by RE addition in Sn‐Zn‐Ga‐Pr solder at ambient condition.Design/methodology/approachBy means of aging treatment, FIB and SEM microstructure analysis, the whisker growth behavior was investigated.FindingsIt was found that the morphologies of tin whisker are changed during air exposure. After 60 days aging, the average length of the longest whiskers could reach up to 70 μm, some whiskers even can grow to a length of 100 μm. It was discussed that the oxidation of Pr‐Sn intermetallics provides driving force for whisker growth.Originality/valueTin whisker growth is a complex reliability issue for lead‐free solder. The current research can be helpful in re‐understanding the issue of tin whisker growth as well as an enriched understanding on the effects of REs on lead‐free solders.
Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into the evolution and niche adaptation of marine Magnetospira sp. QH‐2 strain
Authors: Ji Boyang , Zhang Sheng‐Da , Arnoux Pascal , Rouy Zoe , Alberto François , Philippe Nadège , Murat Dorothée , Zhang Wei‐Jia , Rioux Jean‐Baptiste , Ginet Nicolas , Sabaty Monique , Mangenot Sophie , Pradel Nathalie , Tian Jiesheng , Yang Jing , Zhang Lichen , Zhang Wenyan , Pan Hongmiao , Henrissat Bernard , Coutinho Pedro M. , Li Ying , Xiao Tian , Médigue Claudine , Barbe Valérie , Pignol David , Talla Emmanuel , Wu Long‐Fei 
Published: June 2013

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are capable of synthesizing intracellular organelles, the magnetosomes, that are membrane‐bounded magnetite or greigite crystals arranged in chains. Although MTB are widely spread in various ecosystems, few axenic cultures are available, and only freshwater Magnetospirillum spp. have been genetically analysed. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a marine magnetotactic spirillum, Magnetospira sp. QH‐2. The high number of repeats and transposable elements account for the differences in QH‐2 genome structure compared with other relatives. Gene cluster synteny and gene correlation analyses indicate that the insertion of the magnetosome island in the QH‐2 genome occurred after divergence between freshwater and marine magnetospirilla. The presence of a sodium‐quinone reductase, sodium transporters and other functional genes are evidence of the adaptive evolution of Magnetospira sp. QH‐2 to the marine ecosystem. Genes well conserved among freshwater magnetospirilla for nitrogen fixation and assimilatory nitrate respiration are absent from the QH‐2 genome. Unlike freshwater Magnetospirillum spp., marine Magnetospira sp. QH‐2 neither has TonB and TonB‐dependent receptors nor does it grow on trace amounts of iron. Taken together, our results show a distinct, adaptive evolution of Magnetospira sp. QH‐2 to marine sediments in comparison with its closely related freshwater counterparts.
The microbial communities in two apparently physically separated deep subsurface oil reservoirs show extensive DNA sequence similarities
Authors: Lewin Anna , Johansen Jostein , Wentzel Alexander , Kotlar Hans Kristian , Drabløs Finn , Valla Svein 
Published: June 2013

SummaryIt is well established that micro‐organisms colonize a variety of extreme environments, including habitats like oil reservoirs deep inside the earth crust. Here, we present the results of a comparative high‐coverage DNA sequencing study of metagenomes derived from two different oil reservoirs, both located about 2.5 km subseafloor below the Norwegian Sea. A previously reported bioinformatic analysis of DNA sequence data derived from one of the reservoirs (Well I) indicated that the community is dominated by bacterial species with a smaller fraction of Archaea. Here, we report results of a similar analysis from another reservoir (Well II) located in the same geographical area, however, according to available geological knowledge lacking direct physical contact with Well I. Interestingly, the Well II community is largely dominated by Archaea with a subordinate fraction of Bacteria. Comparison of the two datasets showed that large fractions of the sequences are extremely similar, both with respect to identity (typically above 98%) and gene organization. We therefore conclude that both wells contain essentially the same organisms, but in different relative abundances. Assuming that the communities have been distinct for long timescales because of physical separation, the results also indicate that microbial growth in the reservoirs is extremely slow.
Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis or Lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes
Authors: Mogren Christina L. , Walton William E. , Trumble John T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractArsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000 μg/L of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) or Lysinibacillus sphaericus (Ls), with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index (RGI) calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. Larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 ± 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the LC50's and LC90's of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/Ls were higher than Cx. tarsalis. Cx. tarsalis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti LC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with Ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.
Combining dead recovery, auxiliary observations and robust design data to estimate demographic parameters from marked individuals
Authors: Kendall William L. , Barker Richard J. , White Gary C. , Lindberg Mark S. , Langtimm Catherine A. , Peñaloza Claudia L. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

When estimating demographic parameters for wild populations, using multiple data sources can increase robustness through greater precision, reducing bias and permitting the estimation of otherwise confounded parameters.

We present a method that combines recapture data from marked individuals, collected at a single study site, under a robust design framework, with dead recoveries and auxiliary resightings collected at any time and place. This model permits the joint modelling of survival, permanent and temporary emigration from the study area.

We demonstrate that the usefulness of this model is compelling in the case of long‐lived species with substantial rates of temporary emigration, to mitigate bias in survival at the end of the time series and to permit conservation decisions based on more current information. We use the case of Florida manatees as an example.

Our model can easily be extended to account for an arbitrary number of phenotypic states and account for state uncertainty. The increase in precision overall in vital rates, and the mitigation of bias in survival estimation in the final years of a time series, permits managers to base resource decisions on more robust and timely information. The model also provides the ability to adapt monitoring to changing conditions or specific management objectives, via dynamic allocation of effort to auxiliary resightings.
The conservation of arable weeds at crop edges of barley fields in northeast Spain
Authors: José‐María L. , Armengot L. , Chamorro L. , Xavier Sans F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe effects of weed control practices and fertilisation on weed flora and crop yield were evaluated in crop edges of barley fields in northeastern Spain. The study was carried out in four organic and four conventional barley fields. In each field, four permanent plots were delimited at the crop edge, and fertilisation and weed control treatments in a factorial design were applied over 3 years. Weed composition and the aboveground biomass of weeds and barley were recorded before the crop harvest in the first and the third year. We found relatively low values of species richness per field, as well as low values of weed biomass, especially in the organic crop edges (3.9% of total biomass). Weeds were significantly reduced by herbicide applications on conventional fields and were not affected by weed harrowing on organic fields or fertilisation. These results demonstrate that specific measures are needed to enhance biodiversity at crop edges both in organic and conventional fields. Our results also suggest that under Mediterranean conditions and among impoverished weed communities, limiting the use of herbicides is crucial to enhancing arable diversity and that, contrary to findings found in previous studies in temperate climates, fertilisation and weed harrowing have little effect on weeds.
Effects of oxidative stress caused by NaCl or Na2SO4 excess on lipoic acid and tocopherols in Genovese and Fine basil (Ocimum basilicum)
Authors: Tarchoune I. , Sgherri C. , Baâtour O. , Izzo R. , Lachaâl M. , Navari‐Izzo F. , Ouerghi Z. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWith this investigation, we aimed to study more deeply the antioxidative response to moderate doses of NaCl or Na2SO4 in two cultivars of basil differentially sensitive to salinity. Tolerance to salinity was previously evaluated by the extent of growth inhibition whereas the antioxidant response was assessed studying the changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as in the amounts of tocopherols and lipoic acid. To make possible the comparison of the responses of basil cv. Genovese and cv. Fine to different salts, the experiment was carried out with equimolar concentrations of Na+. The results showed that changes caused by salinity were dependent on cultivar and exposure time. In particular, cv. Genovese was more sensitive to Na2SO4 excess than cv. Fine whereas both of them had higher SOD activity under NaCl salinity. Generally, Fine basil withstood salinity better than Genovese, being endowed with higher constitutive levels of reduced lipoic acid [dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA)] as well as of α‐ and γ‐tocopherols. Moreover, cv. Fine showed the ability to utilise DHLA and to synthesise tocopherols during stressful conditions. Thus, more than one mechanism was involved in basil in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species during salt stress. In fact, when lipoic acid did not participate in the regeneration of reduced ascorbate and glutathione form, high amounts of tocopherols were present, likely protecting cell membranes from oxidative damage and making basil tolerant to moderate salinity.
Response of near‐isogenic sorghum lines, differing at the P locus for plant colour, to grain mould and head smut fungi
Authors: Funnell‐Harris D.L. , Prom L.K. , Sattler S.E. , Pedersen J.F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLeaves and stalks of many sorghum genotypes accumulate dark red or purple pigments upon wounding while some plants, called ‘tan,’ do not. Grains with unpigmented ‘white’ pericarps grown on tan plants are more desirable for food. The hypothesis tested was that pigments in plants protected grain against the panicle diseases grain mould and head smut. Near‐isogenic tan or purple plant colour genotypes with white grain were planted at Lincoln and Ithaca, NE and Corpus Christi, TX. The field grown grain was plated onto semi‐selective media to detect the presence of grain colonisation by mould genera Alternaria, Fusarium and Curvularia. More Fusarium and Curvularia spp. were recovered from grain grown at Corpus Christi than the Nebraska locations; however, there was no indication that the grain from purple plants was more resistant to the three fungal genera. Most fungi were identified morphologically as Alternaria alternata. Molecular identification of Fusarium species, using translation elongation factor 1‐α gene sequences, showed that Fusarium thapsinum and Fusarium proliferatum infected grain at all three locations. Head smut disease of panicles, caused by the fungus Sporisorium reilianum, was assessed at Corpus Christi; surprisingly, purple plants had significantly greater disease incidence than tan plants. We propose that the tan plant colour lines with white grain are promising for development of food‐grade sorghums not more susceptible than pigmented lines to grain mould and head smut.
Phenological growth stages of caper plant (Capparis spinosa L.) according to the Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical scale
Authors: Legua P. , Martínez J.J. , Melgarejo P. , Martínez R. , Hernández Fca. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCapparis spinosa is an evergreen perennial shrub known from ancient times. During the last years it has been intensively studied because of its multiple uses. The phenological growth stages of caper plant were described using the BBCH scale (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and CHemical industry). The decimal code established nine principal growth stages using a two‐digit numerical system, and every major stage was in turn subdivided into secondary growth stages.
Chronic pain and the development of a symptom checklist: a pilot study
Authors: KENDALL S. , HOLM N. R. , HØJSTED J. , FRICH L. , ROTBØLL NIELSEN P. , JENSEN N.‐H. , SJØGREN P. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThere is currently no instrument to systematically assess the range of symptoms/problems and their bothersomeness in patients with chronic non‐cancer pain (CNPN). Systematic assessment and prioritizing may target treatments and improve outcomes.MethodsThe authors developed a checklist of symptoms and problems, the Copenhagen Symptom Checklist (CSC), presented clinically by patients. Fifty‐three items representing biological, psychological and social areas were selected. Symptom/problem severity was rated on a 5‐point scale anchored at 0 = ‘not at all’ and 4 = ‘severe’. Patients ranked the five most bothersome symptoms/problems and could add five open‐ended items. Patients completed the CSC after the first visit at the multidisciplinary pain centre.ResultsOne hundred and twelve consecutive patients completed the CSC. Eighty‐nine percent scored pain as rather severe or very severe (score = 3 plus score = 4), followed by reduction in physical activity (67%), fatigue (66%) and sleep disturbance (53%). Pain and fatigue, but not reduction in physical activity, were given highest priority. Cognitive problems were important to a third of the patients. Depressive symptoms, cognitive problems and worry explained 17.5% of the total variance. Patients filled in the CSC without important loss of information, but a minority prioritized more than three areas or used the free text alternative.ConclusionsPatients prioritized pain and fatigue as the most burdensome symptoms, but reduction in physical activity and sleep problems were also highly ranked. Patients were positive to the idea of symptom reporting; however, the 53‐item number in this version of CSC is larger than may be necessary.
The Significance of Heat‐Shock Protein GP96 and its Receptors' CD91 and Toll‐Like Receptor 4 Expression at the Maternal Foetal Interface
Authors: Gulic Tamara , Laskarin Gordana , Redzovic Arnela , Eminović Senija , Haller Herman , Rukavina Daniel 
Published: June 2013

ProblemDifferences in the expression of gp96 and its receptors were analysed in normal and pathological human pregnancy.Material and MethodsImmunohistology and immunofluorescence of sections from decidual part of term placenta, first trimester normal decidua, missed abortion and blighted ovum decidua were performed together with reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry.ResultsIn missed abortion, gp96 was intensively stained, when compared to normal early pregnancy. The intensity of CD91 and TLR4 was higher in the first trimester pregnancy and blighted ovum, when compared to missed abortion. Decidual part of the term placenta is invaded with gp96+, CD91+ and TLR4+ trophoblast. Progesterone‐induced blocking factor (PIBF) decreased the frequency of TLR4+ T lymphocytes, CD91+ T, natural killer (NK) and mature dendritic cells after an 18‐h culture. Decidual mononuclear cells (DMCs) treated with PIBF down‐regulated CD91, TLR4 and gp96 gene expression.ConclusionThe presence of gp96, CD91 and TLR4 at the maternal–foetal interface provides a molecular basis for their interaction, particularly in the absence of PIBF.
Placental abruption and placental weight – implications for fetal growth
Authors: Ananth Cande V. , Williams Michelle A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivePlacental abruption is associated with increased risks of preterm delivery and fetal growth restriction. As abruption is apparently a disease of the placenta, the extent to which abruption impacts the growth and development of the placenta remains poorly understood. We reasoned that a study of fetal growth and placental growth in relation to abruption might provide some clues to understanding the process through which placental abruption impacts fetal growth.DesignMulticenter, prospective cohort study.SettingUSA, 1959–1966.PopulationA total of 38 684 pregnancies resulting in singleton live births (22–44 weeks).Main outcome measuresRisk ratio of placental ratio <10th centile for gestational age in relation to abruption. Placental ratio was defined as the difference between placental weight and birthweight divided by birthweight (and expressed per 100 births).ResultsMean birthweight and placental weight were, on average, lower among abruption than nonabruption births, but this difference was observed only among births at <37 weeks. Births with placental ratio <10th centile were lower among abruption than nonabruption births at 22–36 weeks (risk ratio 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.8), but not at term (risk ratio 0.9, 95% CI 0.6–1.2).ConclusionsIn normal pregnancies, fetal weight and placental weight may operate under independent mechanisms, but in the presence of abruption, the associations appear largely through an interaction of both the maternal and fetal environments. This study underscores the importance of examining both the maternal and fetal compartments – and their interactions – to fully understand the consequences of abruption on fetal growth impairment.