bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of silicone rubber filled with aluminum nitride and aluminum powder
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Tang , Liu Yung-Lung , Lin Chih-Wei , Shong Zhi-Jian , Tsai Peir-An 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The effects of aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum powder (Al) on thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of silicone rubber compounds were investigated and it was found that the thermal conductivity increased with increased fillers content. Silicone rubber filled with Al powder of 45 μm over 50 phr, exhibits higher thermal conductivity as compared to that filled with AlN powder of 4 μm at the same filler content. The results indicate that the particle size effect played a significant role on thermal conductivity. In addition, it was found that electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity increased proportionally when the Al powder content increased. In contrast, only the thermal conductivity kept increasing proportionally, but the electrical conductivity almost remained unchanged for the rubber with AlN. Furthermore, a new type of silicone rubber compound with a combination of the two fillers, comprising 100 phr of AlN powder and 50 phr of Al powder, was developed, which lead to synergistic enhancement of the thermal conductivity. The improvement in thermal stability of the new type of silicone rubber compounds enables use in high temperature environments.
Ten Years of European Impact Assessment: How It Works, for What and for Whom
Authors: Melloni Erica 
Published: July 2013

AbstractEuropean Impact Assessment (IA) has been in place for the last 10 years. By and large, this is deemed best practice within the context of the various endeavours in the direction of “Better Regulation” which have burgeoned in the last few years or so internationally. IA is based on common guidelines for all Commission services; the sharing of methodologies for impact analysis of the proposals; various forms of cooperation among General Directorates. In this article it is argued that IA has served to enhance the coordination role of the Secretariat-General and a more integrated decision-making process within Directorates. These outcomes have been favoured by a set of mechanisms triggered by the design of the procedure.
Is the Use of Biologic Additions Necessary to Optimize Periodontal Regenerative Efforts?
Authors: Rosen Paul S. , Froum Stuart J. , Reynolds Mark A. 
Published: July 2013

Background: A myriad of techniques are available for clinicians attempting to regenerate periodontal osseous lesions. In the past decade, the use of biologic agents has been added to periodontal regenerative materials in an attempt to achieve optimal and predictable success. There is a clear need for these agents because graft materials and scaffolding agents vary significantly in their intrinsic inductivity and ability to attract the cells necessary to achieve the histologic endpoint of forming new bone, cementum, and a functionally oriented periodontal ligament. Moreover, biologics have been proven to enhance angiogenesis and facilitate wound closure, which may further optimize results.Summary: The era of biologics has ushered in an opportunity for clinicians to provide their patients with predictable results that acheive not only quantitative clinical results but also qualitative histologic results that demonstrate regeneration of the lost periodontium. Clinicians must weigh the benefits versus the added risks and cost to determine the best course of treatment for their patients.Conclusion: The addition of biologics to graft materials on a routine basis should be considered for regenerative procedures with the possible exception of the 3‐wall intrabony lesion in which many different approaches have been found to be efficacious.
XBRL-Enabled, Spreadsheet, or PDF? Factors Influencing Exclusive User Choice of Reporting Technology
Authors: Janvrin Diane J. , Pinsker Robert E. , Mascha Maureen Francis 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
U.S. adoption of eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL)-enabled technology has been slow. Prior experimental evidence suggests that even when XBRL-enabled technology is available, almost 50 percent of participants do not use it. This study informs AIS researchers on the state of XBRL-enabled technology by using an exclusive choice experimental design to examine (1) which reporting technology nonprofessional investors will choose to complete a financial analysis task (XBRL-enabled, portable document file, or spreadsheet), and (2) why they choose the specific technology.
Findings indicate that 66 percent of nonprofessional investors chose XBRL-enabled technology, while 34 percent chose spreadsheets. Participants who chose the former perceived that it reduces the time to complete the task (i.e., increases task efficiency), while participants who chose the latter indicated their choice was driven by prior technology experience. Study results have implications for the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), researchers examining nonprofessional investor behavior, user choice literature, and XBRL-enabled technology adoption.
Characterization of Water Sorption, Solubility, and Roughness of Silorane- and Methacrylate-based Composite Resins
Authors: Giannini M , Di Francescantonio M , Pacheco RR , Boaro LC Cidreira , Braga RR 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARY

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness (SR), water sorption (WS), and solubility (SO) of four composite resins after finishing/polishing and after one year of water storage.

Materials and Methods
Two low-shrinkage composites (Filtek Silorane [3M ESPE] and Aelite LS [Bisco Inc]) and two composites of conventional formulations (Heliomolar and Tetric N-Ceram [Ivoclar Vivadent]) were tested. Their respective finishing and polishing systems (Sof-Lex Discs, 3M ESPE; Finishing Discs Kit, Bisco Inc; and Astropol F, P, HP, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used according to the manufacturers' instructions. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each composite resin were made for each evaluation. Polished surfaces were analyzed using a profilometer after 24 hours and one year. For the WS and SO, the discs were stored in desiccators until constant mass was achieved. Specimens were then stored in water for seven days or one year, at which time the mass of each specimen was measured. The specimens were dried again and dried specimen mass determined. The WS and SO were calculated from these measurements. Data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc test (α=0.05).

Results
Filtek Silorane showed the lowest SR, WS, and SO means. Water storage for one year increased the WS means for all composite resins tested.

Conclusions
The silorane-based composite resin results were better than those obtained for methacrylate-based resins. One-year water storage did not change the SR and SO properties in any of the composite resins.
IMMUNE RESPONSE CAPABILITY OF `SHUVRA CHICKEN
Authors: Sabrin M. S. , Saha S. , Amin M. M. 
Published: July 2013

The study was carried out to determine the humoral immune response to Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and Bangladesh Agricultural University Fowl cholera (BAUFC) vaccines in Shuvra chicken, a newly develop chicken strain by BLRI (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute). Ten Shuvra chickens were vaccinated with Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (BCRDV) at day 7 through intra ocular route (i/o) and with Ranikhet Disease Vaccine (RDV) at day 35 through intramuscular (i/m) route. Vaccine induced serum Haemagglunination Inhibition (HI) antibodies were measured by HI test. Two weeks after final immunization all vaccinated and control Shuvra chickens were challenged with virulent field isolates of NDV where all the vaccinated birds survived without showing any typical signs of NDV during the period of ten days observation period and all the control chickens died. Another 10 Shuvra were vaccinated twice with BAUFC vaccine through intramuscular route at day 42 and 70, and 10 Shuvra chickens were kept as unvaccinated control. This vaccine also induced significantly higher level of antibody titre as determined by Passive Haemagglutination (PHA) test. Vaccinated chickens showed significantly higher survival (80%) following challenge with virulent fowl cholera isolate and all the control birds died within 10 days of observation period. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15639Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2012). 10 (1&2): 1-7
IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIAL FLORA ISOLATED FROM APPARENTLY HEALTHY WATER BIRDS OF DHAKA ZOO OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Sarker M. A. H. , Jahan M. , Parvin M. N. , Malek M. A. , Hossain M. T. 
Published: July 2013

A total of 72 samples (Oral swab, cloacal swab and faeccal sample) were aseptically collected from different species (Purple Heron, Demoiselle Crane Pond Heron (adult), Pond Heron (young), Cattle Egret, Night Heron (adult), Night Heron (young) and Little Cormorant) of apparently healthy water birds of Dhaka Zoo of Bangladesh for The isolation and identification of bacterial flora. All the collected samples were inoculated in different bacteriological media for the study of their cultural properties. Grams staining, motility test and biochemical tests were also performed for the proper diagnosis of the isolated bacteria. Slide agglutination test was also performed to confirm the suspected Salmonella. Five types of bacteria were isolated and identified. The antibiogram of five randomly selected isolated bacteria of each genus were also studied. Among the isolated bacteria the isolation rate of E. coli was 54.16 % followed by Salmonella spp.31.94 %, Staphylococcus spp. 27.78%, Bacillus spp. 26.38 % and Proteus spp. 8.33%. Among the isolates, E.coli was found to be most prevalent bacteria. Among the samples the isolation rate of bacteria was higher in cloacal swab 54.16%, followed by oral swab 51.38% and faecal sample 43.05%. There was marked variation in the antibiotic sensitivity and resistant patterns of the isolated bacteria to the antibiotics available in the markets. It was found that most of the isolated bacteria were highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Ampicillin and furazolidone could not affect the growth of any isolated bacteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15642
EFFECTS OF TULSI, BLACK PEPPER AND CLOVES EXTRACT AS A GROWTH PROMOTER IN BROILER
Authors: Nath D. D. , Rahman M. M. , Akter F. , Mostofa M. 
Published: July 2013

This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of tulsi (Vitex negundo) leaves, black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cloves (Curcuma longa) extract (TBC extract) as a growth promoter in broilers. A total of 20 day-old broiler chicks were purchased from Nourish Hatchery and after seven days of acclimatization the chicks were randomly divided into two equal groups A and B. No vaccination schedule was practiced and no antibiotics were added in ration of either group A or group B. Group A served as control without any supplement while group B was supplemented with TBC extract @ 1ml/litre in drinking water. Weekly observations were recorded for live body weight gain upto 6th weeks and blood tests were performed at 21st and 42nd day to find out hematological changes between control A and treatment B group. The food conversion ratio (FCR) in group A was 1.94 while that in group B was 1.87. The result suggests that TBC extract played a vital role in gaining body weight in the treatment group B which gained significantly (p <0.01) higher body weight (1660±32.80 gm) in comparison to control group A (1550±21.20 gm). For the hematological parameters (TEC, PCV, Hb and ESR) no significant change was observed between treatment A and control B group suggesting no side effects of herbal extracts in broiler. From the findings of the present study it can be concluded that the TBC extract is economic and safe in broiler production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15644
A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI NON-0157 ISOLATED FROM CATTLE IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Musa J. A. , Kazeem H. M. , Raji M. A. , Useh N. M. 
Published: July 2013

A total of two hundred and forty (240) faecal samples were obtained from apparently healthy (233) and diarrhoeic (7) cattle in 8 randomly selected commercial farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Presumptive E. coli colonies from 76 (31.2 %) faecal samples were confirmed based on standard procedure. Characterization of isolates revealed three heterogeneous serogroups (O111, O118 and O126) from 6 apparently healthy cattle, while no E. coli serogroup was isolated from diarrhoeic cattle. Six (6) non-O157 serogroups obtained from cattle faeces were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. The antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that isolates from cattle faeces were 100 % resistant to nitrofurantoin, amoxicillin and cefuroxime, and 100 % sensitive to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. The study confirmed cattle as important source of antibiotic-resistant enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Kaduna state, Nigeria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15647
INVESTIGATION ON THE COUNTERACTING EFFECT OF SPIRULINA AGAINST POTENTATED SULFONAMIDES (COTRIM DS®) SIDE EFFECTS IN RAT
Authors: Islam M. K. , Akter S. , Bala S. , Hossain M. Z. , Akter M.S. 
Published: July 2013

An experiment was conducted to investigate the counteracting effects of spirulina in Long Evans rats exposed to oral potentiated sulfonamide administration. 20 rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups (A, B, C and D) and were fed with standard broiler pellet (25g/rat/day) throughout the experimental period of 60 days. Rats of Group A were fed only with pellet without any experimental diet and were defined as control. Rats of Group B were treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day orally whereas Group C was treated with potentiated sulfonamide @ 96 mg/rat/day plus spirulina (Spirulina maxima) @ 50 mg/rat/day orally (low dose spirulina). In Group D, potentiated sulfonamide and spirulina (Spirulina maxima) were given through feed @ 96 mg/rat/day and @ 100 mg/rat/day (high dose spirulina) respectively. Hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and absolute count of lymphocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil) and hispathological profile of liver and kidney were recorded. The investigation revealed that the oral administration of sulfonamide significantly (p<0.01) decreased the TEC (5.93±0.24) value, number of lymphocyte (581.76±3.70) and neutrophil (581.76±3.70) compared to other treated groups and control group. On the other hand significant (p<0.01) increase (422.86±2.34) in eosinophil population has been found in rats fed on sulfonamide irrespective of spirulina supplementation on the final day of experiment compared to other treated group and control group. From this experiment it is evidenced that spirulina has a potential counteracting effect against sulfonamide. Histopathology of kidney and liver was done at the end of experiment (60 days) and no significant change was found except in the kidney of Group B and C.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15650
INTESTINAL MICROORGANISMS AFTER PROBIOTIC TREATMENT IN RAT
Authors: Mustari A. , Ahmad N. , Saha S. , Paul P. 
Published: July 2013

The study was carried out to know the effect of probiotics (Bio-Top®, Curd) supplementation on intestinal microorganisms in rats (Rattus norvegicus) during the period of 01 March to 20 April 2011. A total of twelve (12), one month old rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: A, B and C, with 04 rats in each group. Group C was fed with commercial rat pellet (20 gm/rat) without supplementation of probiotics (control), group A was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with addition natural probiotic (Curd) and group B was fed with commercial ration (20 gm/rat) with the addition of commercial probiotic (Bio-Top®) feed for 7 weeks. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. The result showed that intestinal bacterial population changed in probiotics treated groups compared to control group. Bacillus spp. was isolated from Bio-Top®, Curd and Probiotic treated rats. Whereas E. coli was present in control rats, indicating environmental contamination which is hazardous for public health. The study suggests that probiotics supplementation helps in maintaining normal haematobiochemical values and beneficial gut microbes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v10i1-2.15654
99mTc-Szintigraphie versus Farbduplex-Sonographie
Authors: Truong P. N. , Bockisch B. , Zaplatnikov K. , Kranert W. T. , Korkusuz H. , Ackermann H. , Grünwald F. , Happel C. 
Published: July 2013

SummarySince the development of colour coded duplex-sonography (ccds), several attempts have been made to implement this technique for diagnosis of focal lesions in the thyroid. There are controversial discussions on whether ccds might replace thyroid scintigraphy in diagnosis of hyperfunctional thyroid nodules. Aim of this study was the comparison of ccds and thyroid scintigraphy in diagnosis of functional thyroid autonomy. Patients, material and methods: 192 patients with thyroid nodules > 10mm detected by conventional sonography underwent thyroid scintigraphy. Additionally, these patients were subjected to ccds of the thyroid. In total, 286 thyroid nodules were examined by scintigraphy, ccds and blood tests. Results: Thyroid scintigraphy showed 67% of thyroid nodules as hyperfunctional, 19% indifferent and 14% as hypofunctional. Mean 99mTc uptake of hyperfunctional nodules was 2.19%, of indifferent nodules 1.12% and of hypofunctional nodules 1.06% respectively. The ccds allowed perinodular measurement of flow speed (hyperfunctional: 0.23 ± O.1 m/s; hypofunctional: 0.22 ± 0.1; indifferent: 0.21 ± 0.09), resistance index (hyperfunctional: 1.21 ± 1.16; hypofunctional: 0.62 ± 0.48; indifferent: 0.93 ± 1.02) and pulsatility index (hyperfunctional: 0.97 ± 0.45; hypofunctional: 0.84 ± 0.4; indifferent: 1.04 ± 0.6) in all nodules as well as intranodular measurement in some of the nodules (24% in hyperfunctional, 2% in indifferent and 15% in hypofunctional nodules). Statistic analysis of the obtained ccds data did not show any practically relevant correlations (p>0.05) with 99mTc uptake, basal TSH, fT3 or fT4. Conclusion: Thyroid scintigraphy cannot be replaced by ccds for diagnosis of functional thyroid autonomy. Reliable diagnostics still require a combination of thyroid scintigraphy, sonography and blood tests.
Development and testing of new gene‐homologous EST‐SSRs for Eucalyptus gomphocephala (Myrtaceae)
Authors: Bradbury Donna , Smithson Ann , Krauss Siegfried L. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: New microsatellite (simple sequence repeat [SSR]) primers were developed from Eucalyptus expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and optimized for genetic studies of the southwestern Australian tree E. gomphocephala, which is severely impacted by tree health decline and habitat fragmentation.• Methods and Results: A total of 133 gene‐homologous EST‐SSR primer pairs were designed for Eucalyptus, and 44 were screened in E. gomphocephala. Of these, 17 produced reliable amplification products and 11 were polymorphic. Between two and 13 alleles were observed per locus, and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.172 to 0.867. All 17 EST‐SSRs that amplified E. gomphocephala cross‐amplified to at least one of E. marginata, E. camaldulensis, and E. victrix.• Conclusions: This set of EST‐SSR primer pairs will be valuable tools for future population genetic studies of E. gomphocephala and other eucalypts, particularly for studying gene‐linked variation and informing seed‐sourcing strategies for ecological restoration.
Les clauses environnementales dans les accords de libre-échange entre pays développés et pays émergents. Analyse des déterminants
Authors: Tariq Rana Arslan , Saucier Philippe 
Published: July 2013

S’appuyant sur la base de données de la Banque mondiale “ Global Preferential Trade Agreements Data Base ” qui recense 268 accords de libre-échange, l’article analyse les clauses environnementales figurant dans ces accords, en particulier dans ceux impliquant pays développés et pays émergents. Une première partie, qualitative, dégage les traits essentiels des phénomènes observés. Une seconde, économétrique, fondée sur la méthode logit, identifie les facteurs déterminants de l’introduction, sous leurs différentes formes, des clauses environnementales, dans les accords de libre-échange, régionaux ou non, multilatéraux ou bilatéraux, et tente de dégager les enjeux environnementaux dans les négociations Nord-Sud.
Réforme des industries de réseau en Afrique et développement durable : le cas du transport ferroviaire au Cameroun
Authors: Biwolé Fouda Jean 
Published: July 2013

Dans les pays africains comme le Cameroun, la réforme des industries de réseau intervient dans un contexte caractérisé par l’absence de marché financier, un manque de culture actionnariale, une absence de régulation et une inefficacité de l'actionnariat public : d'où la question de savoir si, dans un tel contexte, le développement durable de ces industries est possible. Nous étudions le cas du transport ferroviaire au Cameroun et montrons que dans de telles conditions, l'industrie traverse successivement les phases d'opportunisme et de responsabilité sociale, pour atteindre celle de maturité. Ce n'est qu'à la dernière phase qu'elle amorce éventuellement un développement durable.
Stability of external and internal implant connections after a fatigue test
Authors: Feitosa Paulo Cesar Pinheiro , de Lima Ana Paula Barbosa , Silva-Concílio Laís Regiane , Brandt William Cunha , Claro Neves Ana Christina 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT
Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the torque and detorque values of screw intermediates of external hexagon, internal hexagon, and Morse taper implants in single restorations before and after mechanical cycling. Materials and Methods: The study sample was divided into three groups (n = 10) as follows: group EH - external hexagon implant, group IH - internal hexagon implant, and group MT - Morse taper implant. Universal abutments were screwed on the implants, and metal crowns were cemented onto the abutment. The samples were submitted to a mechanical testing of 1 million cycles, with a frequency of 8 cycles per second under a 400 N load. The application and registration of the screw torque (T0) and detorque (T1) values of the intermediate were performed before and after the test. The results were statistically evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey′s test (α = 0.05). Results: There was no difference between the values of T0 and T1 in the intra-group samples. However, the inter-group difference in T0 between the EH (12.8 N cm) and MT (18.6 N cm) groups and in T1 between the EH (10.4 N cm) and IH (13.8 N cm), EH and MT (19.4 N cm), and MT and IH (P = 0.001) groups were significant. The MT group showed a lower variation of T0 and T1. Conclusion: The internal implants, particularly MT, showed better stability in these cases when used for single restorations.