bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PPARγ mutations, lipodystrophy and diabetes
Authors: Astapova Olga , Leff Todd 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The focus of this review is the lipodystrophy syndrome caused by mutation in the PPARγ nuclear receptor – partial familial lipodystrophy FPLD3. To provide a broader context for how these mutations act to generate the clinical features of partial lipodystrophy we will review the basic biology of PPARγ and also survey the set PPARγ genetic variants that do not cause lipodystrophy, but are nonetheless associated with clinically related syndromes, specifically type 2 diabetes.
Nutrition: a promising route for prevention and management of obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Tarantino Giovanni 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
When dealing with the treatment of obesity-linked illnesses – in particular nonalcoholic fatty liver disease – beyond diet, various nutritional ingredients are reported to be useful as silymarin, spirulina, choline, folic acid, methionine and vitamin E, all of them showing promising but not definite results. An emerging field of study is represented by prebiotics/probiotics and restoration of normal gut flora, which could play a fundamental role diet and various its components. It is noteworthy to point out that both improving or reducing the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease bear a positive consequence on evolution of atherosclerosis and its cardiovascular-associated disease, such as coronary artery disease, even though the involved immunologic mechanisms are gaining greater credit in the most recent literature, without excluding the role of nutrition in modulating the acquired immunity in this condition.
Effects of lifetime tobacco, alcohol and drug use on psychological and behavioral problems among 10th grade students in Istanbul
Authors: Evren Cuneyt , Evren Bilge , Bozkurt Muge , Ciftci-Demirci Arzu 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of life-time tobacco, alcohol, and substance use on psychological and behavioral variables among 10th grade students in Istanbul/Turkey.
Materials and methods: This study employed a cross-sectional online self-report survey conducted in 45 schools from the 15 districts in Istanbul. The questionnaire featured a section about use of substances, including tobacco, alcohol, and drugs. The depression, anxiety, anger, assertiveness, sensation seeking and impulsiveness subscales of the Psychological Screening Test for Adolescents (PSTA) were used. The analyses were conducted based on 4957 subjects.
Results: Logistic regression analyses were conducted with each school with the related and behavioral variables as the dependent variables. Gender, tobacco, alcohol, and drug use being the independent variables. All four independent variables predicted the dependent variables. Lifetime tobacco and drug use had significant effects on all the subscale score, whereas lifetime alcohol use had significant effects on all the subscale scores other than lack of assertiveness, and male gender was a significant covariant for all the subscale scores. Drug use showed the highest effect on dependent variables. Interaction was found between effects of tobacco and alcohol on anxiety, whereas interactions were found between effects of tobacco and drugs on lack of assertiveness and impulsiveness.
Conclusion: The findings suggested that male students with lifetime tobacco, alcohol or drug use have particularly high risk of psychological and behavioral problems. The unique effects of substance clusters on these problems may be useful in developing secondary preventive practices for substance use and abuse problems in Istanbul.
Safety and Security in Fresh Good Supply Chain
Authors: Bruzzone Agostino G. , Longo Francesco , Massei Marina , Nicoletti Letizia , Agresta Matteo 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper proposes a model aimed at investigating safety and security issues in fresh good supply chain. Particular attention is paid on fresh goods contamination since the increasing complexity of supply chains makes these events more likely to happen. To this end, a discrete event simulator (DES) underpinned by an analytical model has been developed as a support tool for prevention and mitigation. Indeed, the simulation model is able to recreate the disruption wave propagation along the supply chain due to a contamination event as well as the effects on the dynamic evolution of contaminated products demand taking into account complex phenomena like media campaigns. In addition, even the economic impacts in terms of costs (i.e. transportation costs, inventory costs, and lost sales) can be assessed. The potentials of the proposed simulation framework have been investigated in a real case study of a fresh food supply chain located in the north of Italy.
Optimization of Gluten-Free Cake Prepared from Chestnut Flour and Transglutaminase: Response Surface Methodology Approach
Authors: Yildiz Önder , Dogan Ismail Sait 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this study, the possible usage of chestnut flour in gluten-free cake formulation was investigated. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of water, xanthan and guar gum mixture and potato starch. Crust and crumb attributes, sensory and textural properties of the cake samples were investigated. Considering all cake properties, better results were obtained by increasing xanthan gum in the gum blend. Increasing the amount of potato starch in the chestnut flour–potato starch blend decreased the batter density, consistency, hardness and chewiness, but increased the specific volume, cohesiveness and scores of the interior and exterior attributes. Optimum concentration of gum mixture was found as 0.225% xanthan gum, 0.075% guar gum and ratio of chestnut flour to potato starch was 7:3. Then, four different levels of transglutaminase were added to control and optimized gluten-free cake formula. The highest desirability value was obtained in gluten-free formula containing 0.25% transglutaminase. According to the results of the sensory analyses, no significant difference was observed between control and gluten-free cake.
Effect of Pulsed Electric Field on Freeze-Drying of Potato Tissue
Authors: Wu Yali , Zhang Dongguang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The influence of pulsed electric field (PEF) on the drying behavior of potato was investigated, and the optimal parameters were determined. Drying experiments were conducted with different PEF pre-treatments. The effects of process parameters of PEF pre-treatment were examined with respect to drying rate, drying time, productivity per unit area, and energy consumption. Results showed that the three parameters investigated were significant in the following sequence: pulse number, electric field strength, and pulse width. The optimal electric field strength, pulse width, and pulse number were 1,500 V cm−1, 120 μs, and 45 pulses, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, productivity per unit area increased by 32.28%, specific energy consumption decreased by 16.59%, drying time was shortened by 31.47%, and drying rate improved by 14.31% compared with the control group.
Derivation of the mechanical and thermodynamic potentials from the
generalized BMP model under shear-banding flow
Authors: Castillo Hugo A. , Castillo Tejas Jorge , García-Sandoval Juan Paulo , Matus Oscar , Bautista Fernando , Puig Jorge E. , Manero Octavio 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate that the thermodynamic potential calculated
from the steady-state flow curve using the definition of free energy
from irreversible thermodynamics, and the mechanical potential derived
from the generalized BMP constitutive equation provide the same information
in the unstable and metastable regions of the flow curve. The contribution
of normal stresses in both potentials as well as its weight on the
position of the stress plateau are explicitly exposed. The plateau
stress is univocally defined by the location of the critical shear rates corresponding to the minima in the potential. This demonstration
is carried out using experimental data of wormlike micellar solutions
for various concentrations and temperatures, including regions close
to the non-equilibrium critical point.
A method to accurately determine
the non-equilibrium critical point (or the critical temperature) in
a direct form is provided here. Bifurcation points are defined, notably
one located at the high shear-rate branch of the flow curve separating
the regions of one real solution and three real solutions.
The first normal stress difference exhibits three real solutions as sources of elastic instabilities in the high shear band. The contribution of the second
normal-stress difference in both the mechanical and thermodynamic
potentials is clearly exposed. These results demonstrate that the
non-equilibrium phase transition and the mechanical instability as
sources of the banded flow are essentially two manifestations of the
same reality.
An Optical OFDM Modem with Adaptive Volterra Equalizer
Authors: Tawade Laxman , Pinjarkar Umesh , Awade Kavita , Bapu Aboobacker Abida , Gosavi Manisha , Bhatlawande Yogeshwari 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt addresses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission over optical links with high spectral efficiency, i.e. by using high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Here we address especially coherent optical OFDM modem in long distance which is affected by nonlinear distortion caused by fiber nonlinearity. Fiber nonlinearity is a majo performance-limiting factor in advanced optical communication systems. We proposed a nonlinear electrical equalization scheme based on the Volterra model. To compare with other popular linear compensation technique such as the least mean square (LMS), simulation results are presented to demonstrate the capability of a Volterra model based electrical equalizer used in a coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system. It is shown that the Volterra model based equalizer can significantly reduce nonlinear distortion.
Uncertainty quantification of world population growth: A self-similar PDF model
Authors: Heinz Stefan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The uncertainty of world population growth represents a serious global problem. Existing methods for quantifying this uncertainty face a variety of questions. An essential problem of these methods is the lack of direct evidence for their validity, for example by means of comparisons with independent observations like measurements. A way to support the validity of such forecast methods is to validate these models with reference models, which play the role of independent observations. Desired properties of such a reference model are formulated here. A new reference world population model is formulated by a probabilistic extension of recent deterministic UN projections. This model is validated in terms of theory and observations: it is shown that the model has all desired properties of a reference model, and its predictions are very well supported by the known world population development from 1980 till 2010. Applications of this model as a reference model demonstrate the advantages of the stochastic world population model presented here.
Einen Zedel fechter ich mich ruem/Im Schwerd vnd Messer vngestuem. Fechtmeister als Protagonisten und als (fach-)literarisches Motiv in den deutschsprachigen Fechtlehren des Mittelalters und der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Bauer Matthias Johannes 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe group of fencing masters of the 14th to 16th century is investigated according to their function as a literary motif in fencing treatises written in German. One example is the attribution of a particular set of instructions to ‘mystical’ founding figures like Johannes Liechtenauer‚ who serves as an authentication strategy and proof of authority of the particular record. The texts themselves claim to record mnemonics of traditional teachings that were originally only passed down orally in an encrypted language. Here the mnemonics attributed to the original master remain unchanged and are merely interpreted and commented on. Analogies to bible exegesis that support the creation myth surrounding Johannes Liechtenauer become apparent. This phenomenon exists side by side with a synchronic polemic against false masters (
‘The Military Mirror of Kai’: Swordsmanship and a Medieval Text in Early Modern Japan
Authors: Wert Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSwordsmanship emerged as a new field of knowledge in early modern Japan (1600–1868), a time of relative peace. During the most violent periods of Japanese history, the latter half of the medieval period (1185–1600), samurai conducted warfare mostly on horseback, using the bow and arrow, or by leading massive armies filled with soldiers who used pikes, halberds, and even firearms. In this paper, I will trace the origins of early modern swordsmanship to the late 16th century during the transition between the medieval and early modern periods, when teachers of swordsmanship and their sword ‘styles’ first appeared in texts. Of these texts I will focus on ‘The Military Mirror of Kai’, purportedly written during the late 16th century, and a widely-read text among samurai of the early modern period. A mix of fact and fiction, the ‘Mirror’ became a source of fantasy and inspiration for samurai and non-samurai alike. It is also the earliest source of writing about swordsmanship, which was influenced by, and grew alongside, other medieval cultural arts such as
Numerical study of filling strategies in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
During the filling process of vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), the infusion pressure gradient causes the resin flow and preform thickness variation. Even after the resin infusion discontinues, the resin keeps on flowing until the unnecessary resin is removed. In this study, a one-dimensional flow model coupled to the preform deformation is numerically analyzed to assess the influences of various processing scenarios on the infusion and post-infusion stages. The numerical model is implemented using a finite difference method. Results show that two strategies effectively reduce the filling process. One is to infuse less excess resin and the other is to turn the inlet into the additional vent. For a typical process using a one-sided vent, the theoretically optimum scenario is to infuse the exact required resin volume into the preform. From a practical standpoint, excess resin infusion is inevitable and a robust scenario is proposed by integrating the concept of fully filled preform and two strategies. Additional cases are performed using a vacuum assisted compression RTM (VACRTM) process for comparison purposes. Through the numerical work, a tool for optimization of the VARTM process is provided to reduce the filling process, resin waste and variability in the final composite part.
Investigation on corrosion performance of multilayer Ni-P/TiO2 composite coating on steel
Authors: Sahayaraj M. Edwin , Jappes J.T. Winowlin , Siva I. , Rajini N. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Electroless nickel coating treatment improves the corrosion resistance of mild steel. This work aims at studying the corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P/TiO2 composite and multilayer coatings applied to the mild steel substrate as their as-plated state and furnace annealed at various temperatures and compared both the coatings’ corrosion performance. The corrosion behavior of the deposits was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization studies in 3.5 wt% sodium chloride solution. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of the multilayer coating was two times higher compared to the composite coatings. Further, the corrosion mechanism was discussed in terms of microstructure, phase transformation, grain size, and microstrain.
Von »Israeliten« zu »Ausländern«: Zur Entwicklung anti-samaritanischer Polemik ab der hasmonäischen Zeit
Authors: Hensel Benedikt 
Published: December 2014

In Josephus and in certain biblical traditions (Ezra/Neh; II Reg 17,24 ff.) the Samaritans are designated as »foreigners« who would have had nothing in common with Israel, so that violent conflicts would have developed between the two groups in the Persian and early Hellenistic periods. The article analyses the non-biblical sources in which the »foreigner-polemic« is attested. After its origins in Hasmonaean times (Sir 50,25), this polemic first becomes more extensive in Josephus (»Cuthaeans«). But it only found general circulation and full development in the Amoraic period (3rd cent. AD). It involves a purely literary polemic (»Othering«), since from a religious and cultural point of view Samaritans and Jews were only marginally distinct until the Byzantine period. Both belonged to »Israel«. The development of anti-Samaritan polemic is a further proof that conflicts between the Gerizim and Jerusalem communities only began in the 2nd cent. BC.Les Samaritains sont désignés comme »étrangers« par Fl. Josèphe et par certaines traditions bibliques (Esdr. – Néh.; II Rois 17,24ss.): ils n’auraient rien en commun avec Israël, d’où les conflits violents qui se seraient développés entre ces deux groupes à l’époque perse et proto-hellénistique. Cette étude analyse les documents extra-bibliques qui font référence à cette polémique des »étrangers«. Après son apparition à l’époque hasmonéenne (Sir. 50,25), cette polémique est exposée plus largement chez Fl. Josèphe (»Cuthéens«). Elle ne se généralisera, pleinement exposée, qu’à l’époque amoréenne (3ème siècle ap. J.-C.): il s’agit alors d’une polémique purement littéraire, car du point de vue de l’histoire de la religion et de la culture, Samaritains et Judéens ne se distinguent guère jusqu’à l’époque byzantine. Les deux appartiennent à »Israël«. Cette évolution de la polémique anti-samaritaine constitue un témoignage supplémentaire que les tensions entre les communautés du Garizim et de Jérusalem ne débutent qu’au 2ème siècle av. J.-C.Die Samaritaner werden bei Josephus und in bestimmten biblischen Traditionen (Esr/Neh; II Reg 17,24 ff.) als »Ausländer« bezeichnet, die mit Israel nichts gemein hätten, woraus sich heftige Streitigkeiten zwischen beiden Gruppen in persischer und früh-hellenistischer Zeit entwickelt hätten. Der Artikel analysiert die nicht-biblischen Evidenzen, in denen sich die »Ausländer«-Polemik belegen lässt. Nach Anfängen in der hasmonäischen Zeit (Sir 50,25) wird die Polemik erst bei Josephus breiter ausgeführt (»Kuthäer«). Allgemein verbreitet und voll ausgeformt wird diese allerdings erst in amoräischer Zeit (3. Jh. n. Chr.). Es handelt sich um eine rein literarische Polemik (»Othering«), denn religionswie kulturgeschichtlich unterscheiden sich Samaritaner und Judäer bis in byzantinische Zeit nur marginal voneinander. Beide zählen zu »Israel«. Die Entwicklung der anti-samaritanischen Polemik ist ein weiterer Beleg dafür, dass sich Streitigkeiten zwischen Garizim- und Jerusalemer Gemeinde erst im 2. Jh. v. Chr. entwickeln.
Prophetie, Weisheit und Gebet
Authors: Saur Markus 
Published: December 2014

In the »Words of Agur« in Prov 30,1–9 it is possible to identify both motifs from the realm of the Psalms and especially prophetic forms of speech and motifs. This reflects a coming together of different theological traditions in the context of the history of the redaction and composition of the book of Proverbs. In addition, by their literary and theological resonances with certain parts of the books of Job and Qoheleth the »Words of Agur« bear witness to the attempt of the groups which transmitted them to anchor the critique of traditional knowledge and the challenge to human intellectual faculties, which were the central theme of Job and Qoheleth, within the book of Proverbs itself.Dans les paroles d’Agûr en Prov. 30,1–9, on peut repérer, à côté de motifs provenant des Psaumes, des formes de discours et des motifs prophétiques qui reflètent une convergence de diverses traditions théologiques dans le cadre de l’histoire de la rédaction et de la composition du livre des Proverbes. A partir des échos littéraires et théologiques avec certaines sections des livres de Job et du Qohélèt, les paroles d’Agûr attestent de plus un essai de leur cercle de traditeurs d’ancrer déjà dans le livre des Proverbes ce qui constitue la thématique centrale des livres de Job et du Qohélèt, à savoir: la mise en question du savoir transmis et de l’interrogation quant aux possibilités de la connaissance humaine.In den Worten Agurs in Prov 30,1–9 lassen sich neben Motiven aus dem Bereich der Psalmen vor allem prophetische Sprachformen und Motive herausarbeiten, die eine Konvergenz unterschiedlicher theologischer Traditionen im Kontext der Redaktions- und Kompositionsgeschichte des Proverbienbuches spiegeln. Aufgrund der literarischen und theologischen Anklänge an bestimmte Partien des Hiob- und Koheletbuches bezeugen die Worte Agurs darüber hinaus den Versuch ihrer Trägerkreise, das im Hiob- und Koheletbuch zentrale Motiv der Problematisierung überkommenen Wissens und der Infragestellung menschlicher Erkenntnisfähigkeiten bereits im Proverbienbuch zu verankern.
Protein acetylation affects acetate metabolism, motility and acid stress response in Escherichia coli
Authors: Castaño‐Cerezo Sara , Bernal Vicente , Post Harm , Fuhrer Tobias , Cappadona Salvatore , Sánchez‐Díaz Nerea C , Sauer Uwe , Heck Albert JR , Altelaar AF Maarten , Cánovas Manuel 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAlthough protein acetylation is widely observed, it has been associated with few specific regulatory functions making it poorly understood. To interrogate its functionality, we analyzed the acetylome in Escherichia coli knockout mutants of cobB, the only known sirtuin‐like deacetylase, and patZ, the best‐known protein acetyltransferase. For four growth conditions, more than 2,000 unique acetylated peptides, belonging to 809 proteins, were identified and differentially quantified. Nearly 65% of these proteins are related to metabolism. The global activity of CobB contributes to the deacetylation of a large number of substrates and has a major impact on physiology. Apart from the regulation of acetyl‐CoA synthetase, we found that CobB‐controlled acetylation of isocitrate lyase contributes to the fine‐tuning of the glyoxylate shunt. Acetylation of the transcription factor RcsB prevents DNA binding, activating flagella biosynthesis and motility, and increases acid stress susceptibility. Surprisingly, deletion of patZ increased acetylation in acetate cultures, which suggests that it regulates the levels of acetylating agents. The results presented offer new insights into functional roles of protein acetylation in metabolic fitness and global cell regulation.