bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of White Matter Integrity and Cognitive Functions in Patients With Subcortical Silent Lacunar Infarcts
Authors: Chen Yaojing , Wang Ailin , Tang Jinfu , Wei Dongfeng , Li Peng , Chen Kewei , Wang Yongyan , Zhang Zhanjun 
Published: March 2015

Background and Purpose—
Silent lacunar infarct (SLI) is a risk factor for dementia. This study investigated the white matter integrity abnormality and its relationship to the cognition impairments in SLI patients.

Methods—
Between 27 patients with SLI in basal ganglia and 30 healthy controls, we assessed the difference in a batter of neuropsychological tests and in white matter integrity measurements, fractional anisotropy, and mean diffusivity, using tract-based spatial statistics.

Results—
Compared with healthy controls, SLI patients performed worse in general mental status, memory, executive function, and language ability. They also had reduced fractional anisotropy and increase mean diffusivity in brain regions such as the body and genu of corpus callosum, the forceps minor, the bilateral superior and bilateral anterior corona radiate, and the left external capsule. Furthermore, we found that in SLI patients, fractional anisotropy measure in left external capsule was positively correlated to the performance in memory and language ability.

Conclusions—
SLI in basal ganglia leads to local and remote white matter integrity damages and to the cognition impairments.
First record of jaguar predation on giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis)
Authors: Ramalheira Claudiane dos Santos , Bozzetti Bruno F. , da Cruz Andrews D. , Palmeirim Ana Filipa , Cabral Márcia M.M. , Rosas Fernando C.W. 
Published: March 2015

Top of the food chain predators are often not predated upon. However, even though the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is in that category, the literature mentions many species as potential predators, including the jaguar (Panthera onca). Notwithstanding up until now there has been no registered confirmation of jaguar predation on giant otters. A predation of a jaguar on an adult female giant otter was recorded for the first time during our radio-telemetry study on giant otters in Balbina hydroelectric reservoir in Central Brazilian Amazon. The female had had a transmitter implanted on February 2012 and was killed by a jaguar ninety-four days after the surgery. This giant otter was a solitary specimen, which was captured by a jaguar while asleep in a shelter under a fallen tree trunk on the banks of one of the reservoir’s islands. The solitary pattern found in such individuals combined with the frequent use of shelters, allows predators to access them more easily and may have contributed to the predation observed in this study.
Considerations on systematics of the Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata), with definition of a new species group and description of a new species
Authors: TSOLAKIS HARALABOS , RAGUSA SALVATORE 
Published: March 2015

The authors debate some aspects of the classification of the Phytoseiidae, especially the subfamily Typhlodrominae. Within this taxon, the rhenanus group is the most numerous species group of Typhlodromus (Anthoseius), with 206 nominal species. Detailed observation of morphological characters of the species in this group showed a considerable variation, suggesting the presence of different natural lineages. The discovery of the new species here described, Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) sandrae Ragusa & Tsolakis n. sp., allowed the definition of the new porathi species group. Definition of the new species group, a dichotomous key as well as the description of the new species are given.
Endoscopic Management of Chronic Frontal Sinusitis
Authors: Askar Mohamed H. , Gamea Ahmed , Tomoum Mohamed O. , Elsherif Hossam S. , Ebert Charles , Senior Brent A. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Previous studies of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery have been primarily retrospective and focused on symptom relief only. Objectives: To prospectively assess the impact of endoscopic frontal sinus surgery on frontal sinus ostium patency and disease-specific quality of life as measured by the Rhinosinusitis Disability Index (RSDI). Study Design: A 60-patient cohort with chronic frontal sinusitis (100 diseased frontal sinuses) was prospectively evaluated using the RSDI, computed tomography (CT) imaging, and endoscopic examination. Image-guided endoscopic frontal sinusotomy (Draf 2a) was performed in each case. Patients were assessed with RSDI and endoscopic assessment at least 6 months postoperatively. Results: At a mean follow-up of 10 months, endoscopic assessment revealed patent frontal recesses in 90 of 100 frontal sinuses (90%), with significant improvement in the total RSDI score (41.98 ± 26.48 preoperatively to 17.15 ± 15.66 postoperatively) as well as each of its physical, emotional, and functional subscales from 16.3 ± 9.03, 12.23 ± 10.55, 13.45 ± 9.59 preoperatively to 5.95 ± 5.71, 5.55 ± 5.66, 5.65 ± 5.72 postoperatively, respectively. Similar improvement was seen in patients with asthma, polyps, and those undergoing revision sinus surgeries. Conclusions: With frontal recess mucosal preservation and meticulous postoperative endoscopic surveillance, endoscopic frontal sinusotomy results in high rates of frontal sinus ostium patency with significant improvement in quality of life.
Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dowling Nicki A , Cowlishaw Sean , Jackson Alun C , Merkouris Stephanie S , Francis Kate L , Christensen Darren R 
Published: March 2015

Objective: The aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse the prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders (DSM-IV Axis I disorders) among treatment-seeking problem gamblers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for peer-reviewed studies that provided prevalence estimates of Axis I psychiatric disorders in individuals seeking psychological or pharmacological treatment for problem gambling (including pathological gambling). Meta-analytic techniques were performed to estimate the weighted mean effect size and heterogeneity across studies. Results: Results from 36 studies identified high rates of co-morbid current (74.8%, 95% CI 36.5–93.9) and lifetime (75.5%, 95% CI 46.5–91.8) Axis I disorders. There were high rates of current mood disorders (23.1%, 95% CI 14.9–34.0), alcohol use disorders (21.2%, 95% CI 15.6–28.1), anxiety disorders (17.6%, 95% CI 10.8–27.3) and substance (non-alcohol) use disorders (7.0%, 95% CI 1.7–24.9). Specifically, the highest mean prevalence of current psychiatric disorders was for nicotine dependence (56.4%, 95% CI 35.7–75.2) and major depressive disorder (29.9%, 95% CI 20.5–41.3), with smaller estimates for alcohol abuse (18.2%, 95% CI 13.4–24.2), alcohol dependence (15.2%, 95% CI 10.2–22.0), social phobia (14.9%, 95% CI 2.0–59.8), generalised anxiety disorder (14.4%, 95% CI 3.9–40.8), panic disorder (13.7%, 95% CI 6.7–26.0), post-traumatic stress disorder (12.3%, 95% CI 3.4–35.7), cannabis use disorder (11.5%, 95% CI 4.8–25.0), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (9.3%, 95% CI 4.1–19.6), adjustment disorder (9.2%, 95% CI 4.8–17.2), bipolar disorder (8.8%, 95% CI 4.4–17.1) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (8.2%, 95% CI 3.4–18.6). There were no consistent patterns according to gambling problem severity, type of treatment facility and study jurisdiction. Although these estimates were robust to the inclusion of studies with non-representative sampling biases, they should be interpreted with caution as they were highly variable across studies. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for gambling treatment services to undertake routine screening and assessment of psychiatric co-morbidity and provide treatment approaches that adequately manage these co-morbid disorders. Further research is required to explore the reasons for the variability observed in the prevalence estimates.
Topographic distribution and characteristics of normal gastric regional lymph nodes on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mao Yun , Hedgire Sandeep S , Liao Gang , Lv Fajin , Li Yongmei , Li Qi , Wang Ziwei 
Published: March 2015

Background Current lack of recognition of normal gastric regional lymph nodes (GRLNs) and inherent defect of morphological imaging limit the accuracy of preoperative nodal (N) staging of gastric cancer. Purpose To map the distribution of normal GRLNs and evaluating the characteristics of GRLNs with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in healthy population. Material and Methods Forty-nine enrolled healthy volunteers were divided into two age groups and underwent conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DWI examinations. The characteristics of GRLNs in 14 regional stations, including short axis diameter (SD), short-to-long axis diameter ratio (SLR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), were recorded and compared between age groups and among different stations. Results The normal GRLNs were mainly distributed in station 7 in both age groups, followed by stations 3, 8, and 9. The SLR was lower in the young group than in the old group ( P = 0.034) while SD, SNR, CNR, and ADC were significantly higher in the young group compared to the old group, P = 0.045, 0.041, 0.037, and 0.042, respectively. SD was different among stations in both age groups ( P = 0.002, 0.001), especially bigger in station 8, and the SNRs and CNRs of stations 8 and 9 were relatively high in the old group ( P = 0.031, 0.035), while there was no difference in ADC value. Conclusion Better understanding of the appearances of normal GRLNs on conventional MRI and DWI may help to build more appropriate imaging criteria for GRLN assessment in gastric cancer.
Multi-detector CT and MRI of microembolized myocardial infarct: monitoring of left ventricular function, perfusion, and myocardial viability in a swine model
Authors: Saeed Maythem , Bajwa Hisham Z , Do Loi , Hetts Steven W , Wilson Mark W 
Published: March 2015

Background Patients with acute myocardial infarct (MI) show additional damage after coronary interventions. Purpose To longitudinally quantify structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) subjected to microembolized MI using multidisciplinary computed tomography (MDCT) and independent reference methods. Material and Methods Swine ( n = 20) served as controls (group I) or were subjected to a combination of coronary occlusion, microembolization, and reperfusion and imaged at 3 days (group II) or 3 days and 5 weeks (group III). LV volumes, perfusion, and MI mass were quantified on cine, perfusion, and delayed contrast enhancement (DE) MDCT. MRI, cardiac injury biomarkers, histochemical and histopathologic stains were used as independent references. Results MDCT showed a reduction in ejection fraction and increased end systolic volume (31 ± 2% and 82 ± 3 mL, respectively) of group III compared with I (48 ± 2% and 57 ± 1 mL, respectively). It also demonstrated perfusion deficits in microembolized MI and peri-infarcts. DE-MDCT delineated microvascular obstruction (MVO) zones embedded in acute microembolized MI and microinfarct specks resulting from persistent MVO by deposited microemboli in microvessels of peri-infarct zone. Bland-Altman test showed close agreements between the extents of microembolized MI measured on DE-MDCT, DE-MRI, and histochemical TTC staining, but not between these modalities and microscopy. MI resorption was evident between 3 days and 5 weeks (13.4 ± 0.5 g and 9.8 ± 0.5 g, P < 0.017) and histologic examination revealed incomplete healing. Injury biomarkers were increased after intervention. Conclusion MDCT can longitudinally quantify regional perfusion deficits, LV dysfunction, and resorption of microembolized MI. MDCT or MRI can be used alternatively after coronary interventions in cases of contraindications for one modality or the other.
Targeting pericranial nerve branches to treat migraine: Current approaches and perspectives
Authors: Ambrosini Anna , D’Alessio Carmelo , Magis Delphine , Schoenen Jean 
Published: March 2015

Background Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disorders and a major individual and societal burden. Migraine is not curable at the present time, but it is amenable to acute symptomatic and preventive pharmacotherapies. Summary Since the latter are frequently unsatisfactory, other treatment strategies have been used or are being explored. In particular, interventions targeting pericranial nerves are now part of the migraine armamentarium. We will critically review some of them, such as invasive and noninvasive neurostimulation, therapeutic blocks and surgical decompressions. Conclusions Although current knowledge on migraine pathophysiology suggests a central nervous system dysfunction, there is some evidence that interventions targeting peripheral nerves are able to modulate neuronal circuits involved in pain control and that they could be useful in some selected patients. Larger, well-designed and comparative trials are needed to appraise the respective advantages, disadvantages and indications of most interventions discussed here.
Arthroscopic Fragment Fixation Using Hydroxyapatite/Poly-L-Lactate Acid Thread Pins for Treating Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Uchida Soshi , Utsunomiya Hajime , Taketa Tomonori , Sakoda Shinsuke , Hatakeyama Akihisa , Nakamura Toshitaka , Sakai Akinori 
Published: March 2015

Background: Various procedures, such as arthroscopic debridement, osteochondral transplantation, and bone plug fixation, have been described for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the humeral capitellum. However, the use of hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lactate acid (HA/PLLA) thread pins to fix the osteochondral fragment in an OCD lesion is a recent development. Hypothesis: Adolescent throwing athletes would return to preinjury levels of function after arthroscopic osteochondral fragment fixation using HA/PLLA thread pins. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Enrolled in this prospective cohort study were 18 adolescent baseball players (mean age, 14.2 years; range 12-16, years) with elbow OCD who underwent arthroscopic fragment fixation with HA/PLLA thread pins between 2006 and 2009. All patients were affected on their dominant side. Plain radiographs taken before surgery showed an open physis in 13 patients (72%) and a closed physis in 5 patients (28%). During surgery, the condition of the OCD lesion was evaluated by use of the International Cartilage Research Society (ICRS) classification system; there were 5 grade II, 11 grade III, and 2 grade IV cases. Outcomes were assessed after 3 years (mean, 39 months; range, 36-50 months). Elbow function was measured using the Timmerman and Andrews score and the Mayo Elbow Performance Index. Return to sports activity was assessed as higher than preinjury, same level, lower level, or no return to sports. Results: The mean Timmerman and Andrews score improved significantly from 126.6 ± 6.5 to 197.5 ± 1.5, and the mean Mayo Elbow Performance Index improved significantly from 68.0 ± 2.1 to 98.06 ± 0.9 ( P = .0001 for both). Mean elbow extension improved significantly from −10° ± 10.4° to −0.8° ± 5.2° ( P = .006), and mean flexion improved significantly from 123.1° ± 17.9° to 138.6° ± 6.1° ( P = .001). Three patients had a loss of extension greater than 5°. Five patients returned to a higher level of sports activity, 10 patients returned to the same level, and 2 patients returned to a lower level. A remaining patient did not return to baseball. In one patient, the lesion did not heal, resulting in fragmentation at 1 year after surgery. This patient consequently underwent revision arthroscopy to remove the lesion, and he eventually returned to sports at the same level of activity. Conclusion: Arthroscopic fragment fixation using HA/PLLA thread pins provides a beneficial clinical outcome to adolescent baseball players with humeral capitellar OCD.
A Comparative Study With In Vitro Ultrasonographic and Histologic Grading of Metatarsal Head Cartilage in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Onodera Tomohiro , Kasahara Yasuhiko , Kasemura Toshiyuki , Suzuki Yuki , Kondo Eiji , Iwasaki Norimasa 
Published: March 2015

Background: Ultrasonography is among the valid methods to assess articular cartilage in the foot. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of ultrasonographic grading to assess metatarsal head articular cartilage for rheumatoid forefoot deformity in vivo and to compare the findings with in vitro ultrasonographic and histologic gradings. Methods: Participants were 15 patients scheduled to undergo resection arthroplasty of the metatarsal heads of the lesser toes because of rheumatoid arthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joints. Ultrasonographic examination was performed in vivo the day before surgery. Specimens of the second to fifth metatarsal heads taken intraoperatively were graded from in vitro ultrasonographic and histologic evaluations. Correlations among in vivo ultrasonographic, in vitro ultrasonographic, and histologic gradings were analyzed. Results: In 46 metatarsal heads, the distribution of grading ranged from grade 1 to 6 for in vivo ultrasonographic examinations and from grade 1 to 4 for histologic examinations. In vivo ultrasonographic grading showed significant correlation to both in vitro ultrasonographic grading ( P < .001, R = 0.74) and histologic grading ( P < .001, R = 0.67). Conclusions: The significant correlations between in vivo ultrasonographic and histologic gradings suggest that a semiquantitative in vivo ultrasonographic assessment of forefoot deformity in rheumatoid arthritis may be possible. Ultrasonographic grading may prove useful for pre- and postoperative evaluation of remaining joint function in rheumatoid forefoot deformity. An ultrasonographic grading system for remaining joint surfaces might be helpful in selecting surgical procedures such as joint-sparing osteotomy and metatarsal head resection. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
A Multidose Study to Examine the Effect of Food on Evacetrapib Exposure at Steady State
Authors: Small David S. , Zhang Wei , Royalty Jane , Cannady Ellen A. , Downs Delyn , Friedrich Stuart , Suico Jeffrey G. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose: To determine the effect of a high-fat meal on evacetrapib exposure at steady state in healthy participants. Methods: This was a randomized, 2-period, 2-sequence, open-label, crossover study. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatment sequences in which they received evacetrapib 130 mg/d for 10 days following a 10-hour fast each day or following a high-fat breakfast each day. Plasma samples collected through 24 hours were analyzed for evacetrapib concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameter estimates including area under the concentration–time curve during a dosing interval (AUCτ), maximum observed concentration (Cmax), and time of Cmax (tmax) were calculated. Pharmacodynamic parameters, including cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides, were also assessed. Results: A total of 34 males and 6 females, mean age 41.5 years and mean body mass index 26.6 kg/m2, were enrolled. Statistical analysis showed AUCτ was 44% higher (90% confidence interval [CI]: 29%-62%) and Cmax was 51% higher (90% CI: 28%-79%) in the fed state than in the fasted state, indicating an effect of food. Consistent with higher evacetrapib exposure, changes in HDL-C, LDL-C, and CETP activity appeared to be greater in the fed state than in the fasted state. There were no notable changes in total cholesterol or triglycerides following administration in the fed and fasted states. The 130-mg doses of evacetrapib were well tolerated with and without food. Conclusion: A high-fat meal increased evacetrapib mean exposure at steady state by 44% in healthy participants.
Reconsidering outdoor temperature and cognition in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Roberg Brandon L , Bruce Jared M 
Published: March 2015

Background: Research in multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests warmer weather plays a role in disease manifestation. Objective: This work sought to replicate the finding that warmer outdoor temperatures are significantly associated with poorer cognition in MS. Methods: Associations between outdoor temperature and cognition were examined in three studies with a total of 263 patients with MS. Results: Contrary to previous research, no significant relationship was found between cognitive performance and outdoor temperature in MS. Conclusions: The results of the current work underscore the need to better understand if, when, and how cognitive performance may be influenced by seasonal variables in MS.
Pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty: a medium to long term follow-up of a single surgeon series
Authors: Storey P. A. , Goddard M. , Clegg C. , Birks M. E. , Bostock S. H. 
Published: March 2015

We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive single surgeon series of 57 Ascension pyrocarbon proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties, with a mean follow-up of 7.1 years (range 2 years to 11 years 6 months). We assessed the ranges of motion, deformity, stability and pain of the operated joints, grip strength of the hand and patient satisfaction. Of the cases, 44 were for osteoarthritis, five for rheumatoid arthritis and eight for post-traumatic arthritis. The median post-operative active arc of motion was from 0° to 60°. The median post-operative visual analogue pain score was 0.3 out of ten. Thirty six of the joints had no complications; 14 had minor complications (squeak, slight swan neck); three required early reoperation (joint release, flexor tenodesis); and five required implant removal. A total of 69% of our patients would have the same operation if they had to make the decision again. The Kaplan-Meier survival method estimates the mean implant survival to be 10.7 years (95% confidence intervals 9.96–11.37 years). All five failures occurred during the first 2 years. Level of evidence 4 (Case-series).
The making of a filmmaker: Curating learning identities in early careers
Authors: Gilje Øystein , Groeng Linn M 
Published: March 2015

As the work with moving images has become digitized, the availability and affordability of filmmaking has facilitated new forms of creative content production in various genres and contexts. On an institutional level, the creative and cultural sector of work is increasingly characterized by more fluid organizational structures, which include competitive work arrangements, blurring boundaries between formal and informal education and flexible employment patterns. On an individual level, a growing number of young adults are aspiring to be professionals, perhaps famous, following new paths and learning trajectories as they work their way into the film and TV sector. This paper explores how five young aspiring filmmakers (two girls and three boys) are creating their individual learning trajectories in the pre-peripheral and peripheral stages in their career. By drawing on a sociocultural perspective and the notion of ‘figured worlds’, we aim to illustrate how the young filmmakers perform a learning identity in the research project Making a Filmmaker. In our discussion of using interviews as a research method, we explore the metaphor of curatorship to understand how the filmmakers are positioning themselves in the contexts researched here. The findings indicate that the filmmakers perform their identity as creators by positioning themselves in relation to others in collaborative work and by the ways in which they imagine themselves as future filmmakers working with specific styles and genres.