bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogeny of Chinese raspy crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) reveals incongruences in current classification
Authors: Li Shi-Yu , Liu Yi-Jiao , Xu Jing-Yi , Yin Zi-Xu , He Zhu-Qing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The current classification system of the family Gryllacrididae primarily relies on morphological characteristics, with limited molecular studies conducted. In this study, we sequenced five genes (COI, COII, Cytb, 18S, and 28S) from a total of 46 gryllacridid individuals mainly from China. Subsequently, we utilized both the maximum likelihood method and the Bayesian inference method to construct a phylogenetic tree, aiming to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships within Gryllacrididae from China. Our results indicate that the genera Phryganogryllacris Karny, Capnogryllacris Karny, and Eugryllacris Karny are not monophyletic. Thus, we redescribe these genera, resurrect two genera (Marthogryllacris Karny stat. resurr. and Borneogryllacris Karny stat. resurr.), erect six new genera (Dracogryllacris gen. nov., Magnigryllacris gen. nov., Radigryllacris gen. nov., Sericgryllacris gen. nov., Bicornisgryllacris gen. nov., and Tenuigryllacris gen. nov.), and described two new species (Tenuigryllacris huanglianensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov. and Tenuigryllacris yingjiangensis Li, Yin & He sp. nov.). Besides, subgenus Bianigryllacris Cadena-Castañeda is a synonym of Apterolarnaca Gorochov.
Auditory Steady-State Responses: Multiplexed Amplitude Modulation Frequencies to Reduce Recording Time
Authors: Sonck Rien , Vanthornhout Jonas , Bonin Estelle , Francart Tom 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
This study investigated the efficiency of a multiplexed amplitude-modulated (AM) stimulus in eliciting auditory steady-state responses. The multiplexed AM stimulus was created by simultaneously modulating speech-shaped noise with three frequencies chosen to elicit different neural generators: 3.1, 40.1, and 102.1 Hz. For comparison, a single AM stimulus was created for each of these frequencies, resulting in three single AM conditions and one multiplex AM condition.

Design:
Twenty-two bilaterally normal-hearing participants (18 females) listened for 8 minutes to each type of stimuli. The analysis compared the signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and amplitudes of the evoked responses to the single and multiplexed conditions.

Results:
The results revealed that the SNRs elicited by single AM conditions were, on average, 1.61 dB higher than those evoked by the multiplexed AM condition (p < 0.05). The single conditions consistently produced a significantly higher SNR when examining various stimulus durations ranging from 1 to 8 minutes. Despite these SNR differences, the frequency spectrum was very similar across and within subjects. In addition, the sensor space patterns across the scalp demonstrated similar trends between the single and multiplexed stimuli for both SNR and amplitudes. Both the single and multiplexed conditions evoked significant auditory steady-state responses within subjects. On average, the multiplexed AM stimulus took 31 minutes for the lower bound of the 95% prediction interval to cross the significance threshold across all three frequencies. In contrast, the single AM stimuli took 45 minutes and 42 seconds.

Conclusions:
These findings show that the multiplexed AM stimulus is a promising method to reduce the recording time when simultaneously obtaining information from various neural generators.
Performance Status and End-of-Life Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mellgard George , Saffran Nathaniel , Chakrani Zakaria , McCroskery Stephen , Taylor Nicole , Patel Mann , Liaw Bobby , Galsky Matthew , Oh William , Tsao Che-Kai , Patel Vaibhav 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
Androgen receptor targeted therapies (ARTs) are widely preferred over taxane chemotherapy due to their good tolerability and similar efficacy. However, there is a paucity of data that support the use of ART therapy or describe end-of-life (EOL) outcomes in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with reduced performance status (PS) (European Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] ≥2).

Methods:
We performed a retrospective, single-institution study of 142 patients with mCRPC who received ART therapy between 2010 and 2021. We assessed each record for baseline demographic and clinical information, ART treatment course, and survival and EOL outcomes. Our primary aim was to compare overall survival (OS) between the two groups (ECOG ≥2 vs 0 to 1), and our secondary aim was to describe EOL outcomes. Fisher exact tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare baseline characteristics. Cox regression was used to compare OS for patients with ECOG ≥2 at the start of treatment with those who had an ECOG of 0 or 1. Descriptive analyses were performed to assess EOL outcomes between the groups.

Results:
Patients with mCRPC and decreased PS experienced shorter OS on ART compared with those with higher PS. Moreover, when examining EOL outcomes, a near majority of these patients died in the hospital, with a greater percentage among those with an ECOG ≥2.

Conclusion:
These findings highlight the need for continual assessment of PS, improved shared decision-making in ART treatment, and additional research exploring the association between PS and EOL outcomes.
Ten Myths in Nerve Surgery
Authors: Duraku Liron S. , Eberlin Kyle R. , Moore Amy , Lu Johnny , Chaudhry Tahseen , George Samuel , Burahee Abdus S. , Zuidam J. Michiel , Bertelli Jayme , Power Dominic M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Surgical innovation has provided new options for the management of complex peripheral nerve injuries, generating renewed interest in this field. Historic literature may be misinterpreted or misquoted, or create dogma, which is perpetuated in teaching, research publications, and clinical practice. The management of peripheral nerve injuries is based on complex decision-making, with potential lifelong ramifications for patients incorrectly receiving an expectant or surgical management plan.

Methods:
This article includes opinion from expert leaders in the field of peripheral nerve surgery and questions some of the current assumptions and preconceptions around nerve surgery based on clinical evidence. There was extensive debate regarding the contents of the final article, and the different opinions expressed represent the uncertainty in this field and the differing levels of confidence in available published evidence.

Results:
Individual practices vary and, therefore, absolute consensus is impossible to achieve. The work is presented as 10 myths which are assessed using both historical and emerging evidence, and areas of uncertainty are discussed.

Conclusions:
It is important to learn lessons from the past, and scholars of history bear the task of ensuring references are accurately quoted. Expunging myths will enhance care for patients, focus research efforts, and expand on the surgical possibilities within this specialty.
A Simple and Effective Approach to Defatting Large Surface Area Full-thickness Skin Grafts
Authors: Roblee Cole V. , Mankowski Peter , Marquette Lauren , Gast Katherine M. , Kuzon William M. 
Published: August 2024

Summary:
Skin grafting is a fundamental tool in plastic surgery for the resurfacing of wounds resulting from burns, necrotizing infections, trauma, oncologic resections, donor site defects, and other causes. Compared with split-thickness skin grafts, full-thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) undergo less secondary contracture and often result in better aesthetic outcomes. To assure graft take, FTSGs require thorough defatting and adequate contact between the graft and the underlying wound bed. Conventionally, during the defatting process, FTSGs are stabilized on the surgeon’s fingers, whereas curved scissors are used to remove the subcutaneous tissue. This approach is effective for small grafts, but for large FTSGs, it is time-consuming and ergonomically challenging.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Collaboration in Plastic Surgery Clinical Research
Authors: Ewing Jane N. , Lemdani Mehdi S. , Gala Zachary , Amro Chris , Broach Robyn B. , Serletti Joseph , Fischer John P. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Few dedicated, funded clinical research fellowship positions exist in plastic surgery. This study provides insights from an established clinical research fellowship, highlighting its educational impact and confirming the impact of positive institutional support and a collaborative-first approach.

Methods:
All research fellows within the program from 2008 to 2020 were examined during their year of employment and subsequent 2 years. Internal and external collaboration trends were assessed using PubMed affiliations. Correlation between external collaborations and research impact were examined. Research impact was characterized by publication count, journal impact factor, and journal diversity.

Results:
Thirty-one research fellows were identified, with a 100% match rate. Four phases of development were identified, and a three-period cycle of productivity was noted to occur every 3 years. A shift toward more external collaborations occurred after 2016 (P = 0.008). A positive correlation was observed between external collaborations and academic output (r = 0.72, P = 0.004), journal diversity (r = 0.74, P = 0.004), and journal impact (r = 0.63, P < 0.05). Significant growth was observed in the collaborative networks (P = 0.002), publications (P = 0.003), journal diversity (P < 0.001), and research personnel (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:
As a result of our strategic decision to engage collaborators across multiple disciplines, there is discernible improvement in measurable impact, contributing to the growth of our program. Dedicating resources to foster deeper collaborations can enrich the field of plastic surgery research, recognizing that this investment fuels the cycle of productivity, offering promising returns to the future.
Intraocular Pressure Response to Perceived Stress in Juvenile-Onset Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Abokyi Samuel , Mordi Prince , Ntodie Michael , Ayobi Benedict , Kwasi Abu Emmanuel 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
High perceived stress from academic pressure is associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and reduced fluctuation in juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma patients. Personalized stress assessment and relief strategies may serve as an adjunct therapy in glaucoma.

Objective:
To evaluate the effect of higher perceived stress, resulting from academic pressure, on IOP in juvenile-onset open angle glaucoma (JOAG) patients compared with healthy individuals.

Methods:
The study included 48 university students aged 18–27 years, comprising 24 JOAG patients on antiglaucoma eyedrops and 24 healthy controls. In an examiner-blind pretest-posttest design, participants’ IOP was measured weekly using Goldmann tonometry during three follow-up visits at the beginning and end of the academic semester. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores were also evaluated at these 2-time points to capture the contrast in perceived stress between periods of low and high academic pressure.

Results:
The baseline PSS score at the semester’s start was lower in both groups (14.1±1.9 in glaucoma vs. 13.5±2.4 in control) and significantly increased by the end of the semester (29.2±2.1 vs. 28.5±1.3; P<0.001), indicating increased perceived stress. Concurrently, IOP rose from 22.01±5.87 to 25.08±5.84 mm Hg in the glaucoma group and from 11.36±2.03 to 13.65±2.11 mm Hg in the control group. Factorial analysis revealed a significant interaction between stress and JOAG (F
(1,94)=15.94, P=0.001), partial η2=0.08, with stress having a greater increase on IOP in the glaucoma group (+3.10 mm Hg) compared with the control group (+2.23 mm Hg) (t
(94)=4.457, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Higher perceived stress significantly increases IOP, especially in JOAG patients, suggesting personalized stress management as a potential adjunct therapy for patients.
Epidemiologic changes in thyroid disease
Authors: Acosta Gonzalo J. , Singh Ospina Naykky , Brito Juan P. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
To analyze the evolving epidemiologic trends in thyroid disease, focusing on risk factors, underlying drivers of these changes, and their implications on clinical practice and research priorities.

Recent findings
Thyroid disease remains one of the most prevalent groups of disorders globally, and the shift in its frequency and distribution is multifactorial. The prevalence of hypothyroidism increases with age, although normal thyrotropin ranges appear to be age-dependent, raising concern for potentially inappropriate levothyroxine use. Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ disease continue to be predominant in reproductive-age women but exhibit a milder phenotype at diagnosis. Thyroid nodules are increasingly found in asymptomatic patients, likely from more widespread use of neck and chest imaging. Thyroid cancer incidence has risen exponentially over the years, mostly driven by overdiagnosis of low-risk tumors; however, a small rise in incidence of higher risk tumors has been noted. Obesity appears to be a risk factor for thyroid cancer occurrence and more aggressive forms of the disease.

Summary
Understanding epidemiologic trends in thyroid disease is crucial for guiding clinical practice and research efforts, aiming to optimize patient outcomes while preventing unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions.
The Contribution of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT to Staging and Prognosis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Beyhan Ediz , Çermik Tevfik Fikret , Erol Fenercioğlu Özge , Şahin Rahime , Alçin Göksel , Aksoy Tamer , Arslan Esra , Ergül Nurhan 
Published: August 2024

Aim
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic capabilities of 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging in staging gastric carcinoma, exploring the impact of 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT on treatment planning and its prognostic significance.

Methods
The research included 31 patients undergoing staging for gastric cancer, who received both 18F-FDG PET/CT and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT scans. We compared the SUVmax and SUVmean of the primary tumor and lymph nodes, the count of organ metastases, tumor-to-background ratios, and overall staging accuracy. Additionally, the study evaluated radiological progression-free survival and overall survival rates.

Results
The 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT demonstrated superior efficacy in identifying the primary tumor compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT, particularly in cases of poorly cohesive, signet-ring cell, and mucinous subtypes, with detection rates of 96.7% versus 77.4% (P = 0.006 and P = 0.008, respectively). Analysis of lymph nodes showed a significantly higher detection of positive nodes with 68Ga-FAPI-04 (P = 0.026), although no significant differences were observed in SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratio on a patient basis (P > 0.05). SUVmax and tumor-to-background ratios for peritoneal involvement were notably higher with 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT (P = 0.04 for both). No significant differences were found in the detection of organ metastases and disease stage between the 2 imaging modalities (P > 0.05). Primary tumor uptake did not significantly impact radiological progression-free survival or overall survival in either modality.

Conclusions

68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging surpasses 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting the primary tumor, especially in poorly cohesive and signet-ring cell gastric cancer types, and offers improved accuracy in disease staging. This indicates its potential to enhance treatment management and prognostic assessment in gastric cancer patients.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Optic Neuritis Subtypes From Ocular Fundus Photographs
Authors: Bénard-Séguin Étienne , Nielsen Christopher , Sarhan Abdullah , Al-Ani Abdullah , Sylvestre-Bouchard Antoine , Waldner Derek M. , De Lott Lindsey B. , Subramaniam Suresh , Costello Fiona ,   on behalf of COIL (Calgary Ophthalmology Innovation Laboratory)
Published: August 2024

Background:
Optic neuritis (ON) is a complex clinical syndrome that has diverse etiologies and treatments based on its subtypes. Notably, ON associated with multiple sclerosis (MS ON) has a good prognosis for recovery irrespective of treatment, whereas ON associated with other conditions including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease is often associated with less favorable outcomes. Delay in treatment of these non-MS ON subtypes can lead to irreversible vision loss. It is important to distinguish MS ON from other ON subtypes early, to guide appropriate management. Yet, identifying ON and differentiating subtypes can be challenging as MRI and serological antibody test results are not always readily available in the acute setting. The purpose of this study is to develop a deep learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to predict subtype based on fundus photographs, to aid the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected ON.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study of patients with ON seen at our institution between 2007 and 2022. Fundus photographs (1,599) were retrospectively collected from a total of 321 patients classified into 2 groups: MS ON (262 patients; 1,114 photographs) and non-MS ON (59 patients; 485 photographs). The dataset was divided into training and holdout test sets with an 80%/20% ratio, using stratified sampling to ensure equal representation of MS ON and non-MS ON patients in both sets. Model hyperparameters were tuned using 5-fold cross-validation on the training dataset. The overall performance and generalizability of the model was subsequently evaluated on the holdout test set.

Results:
The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the developed model, evaluated on the holdout test dataset, yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–0.92). The model attained an accuracy of 76.2% (95% CI, 68.4–83.1), a sensitivity of 74.2% (95% CI, 55.9–87.4) and a specificity of 76.9% (95% CI, 67.6–85.0) in classifying images as non-MS–related ON.

Conclusions:
This study provides preliminary evidence supporting a role for AI in differentiating non-MS ON subtypes from MS ON. Future work will aim to increase the size of the dataset and explore the role of combining clinical and paraclinical measures to refine deep learning models over time.
Estimating the Preferred Walking Speeds Based on the Center of Mass Work Analysis
Authors: Hosseini-Yazdi Seyed-Saleh , Bertram John EA 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of optimal push-off impulses in minimizing the total mechanical work dissipation per step, aiming to achieve passive single support work performance for a variety of walking conditions. By optimizing push-offs to cover the entire step’s energy demands, the single support work may become only storage and release of mechanical energy through tendons and tissues. Our simulations indicate that for each walking speed, there is an optimal push-off impulse that ensures energy balance without the need for additional energy input or dissipation during the subsequent single support phase when the soft tissue dissipation is negligible. For this circumstance, the step total dissipation is minimum. For level ground (even terrain), the estimated preferred walking speeds align closely with literature values for young adult (∼ 1.2 m.s−1)and older adult (∼ 1.0 m.s−1) self-selected speeds, with a reduction observed for the restricted view of oncoming irregularities in the substrate terrain (15%). For walking on uneven surfaces, terrain amplitude was shown to impact walking costs quadratically, with optimal speeds declining by approximately 20% per unit increase in terrain amplitude. Key findings include evidence that net single support work remains near zero when push-off optimally covers collision and gravity work, confirming the passive nature of single support work under this condition. We also observed that the preferred speeds for older adults tend to be 12-15% lower than for younger adults, likely due to biomechanical adaptations. Beyond certain terrain amplitudes, no preferred walking speed allowed fully passive single support work, highlighting a possible biomechanical threshold where ankle push-off alone becomes insufficient and hip torque compensation may be necessary. This approach provides a framework for estimating preferred walking speeds across different terrain amplitudes (continuous parameter), varying conditions and demographics, with potential applications in designing assistive devices and gait rehabilitation protocols that reduce metabolic cost through optimal mechanical work management.
The Powered Simplest Walking Model Explains the Different Vertical Ground Reaction Force Amplitudes at Elevated Walking Speeds
Authors: Hosseini-Yazdi Seyed-Saleh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe vertical component of walking ground reaction force (GRF) has attracted much attention in analyzing human gait. Its typical trajectory shows two peaks at the beginning and end of the stance phase. The first peak signifies step load acceptance, while the second peak is to accelerate the center of mass (COM) for the next step. As walking speed increases, these peaks grow at different rates, with the first peak’s amplitude becoming larger. No mechanistic explanation has been provided for this change. Here, we used a simple walking model and the COM work rate trajectory to investigate the vertical GRF profile change. A step is usually energized by positive work (push-off) at its start, followed by energy dissipation. It is suggested that push-off is exerted by the ankle joint. At elevated walking speeds, the ankle’s biomechanical power generation capacity may not be sufficient to energize the entire gait. Since push-off also limits the magnitude of step energy dissipation (collision), any shortfall in push-off is followed by increased collision, reflected in the first peak’s rise in vertical GRF. This is supported by the observation that collision work exceeds push-off beyond a certain walking speed threshold (even walking v = 1.35 m · s-1). Therefore, we also expect to observe different vertical GRF peak amplitudes when terrain challenges limit or disrupt the ankle’s mechanical energy output. The vertical GRF unequal peaks may indicate that lower limbs are subjected to higher dissipations that might overstress them, and the required compensation is provided by over actuating of the other joint that might yield to their faster deterioration.