bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction of inclined femtosecond laser by periodically poled lithium niobate nonlinear grating
Authors: Li Jiacheng , Hong Lihong , Zou Yu , Chen Jianluo , Li Zhi-Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
When a pump laser beam strikes the surface of a nonlinear crystal with modulated second-order nonlinearity, various nonlinear diffraction phenomena occur, with nonlinear Raman-Nath diffraction (NRND) being a prominent example. In this study, we use an 800 nm Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser beam to pump the surface of a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal thin-plate nonlinear grating. By rotating the crystal, we change the incidence angle and observe and measure the exit angle, polarization, and power of NRND spots on the other side of the crystal. The experiment shows that NRND characteristics are highly sensitive to the incidence angle of the pump laser beam, which are consistent with the theoretical prediction. We expect that this research will advance the understanding of nonlinear diffraction and provide valuable insights for nonlinear optical interaction in complicated geometric and physical configurations.
Welcome from the new Editor-in-Chief
Authors: Pavlova Marina A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this Editorial, as the new Editor-in-Chief of Cerebral Cortex, I make a tribute to its well-known founders, late Patricia S. Goldman-Rakić and Paško Rakić. A couple with great synergies, they created a very special journal with a unique spirit, one of the premier venues to publish the best neuroscience research. For the journal’s future, my intentions are threefold: (i) to maintain and advance the high publication standards and traditions that contribute to the exceptional reputation of Cerebral Cortex in the scientific community, (ii) to follow the principles established by its founders, and (iii) to reflect novel trends in scientific publishing that have been crucially altered in recent years.
Post-artesunate delayed hemolysis in African children with severe malaria: incidence, medical impact and prevention
Authors: Carret Valentine , Sossou Darius , Yakoubou Annatou , Fievet Nadine , Gay Frédérick , Tielli Alexandra , Chambrion Charlotte , Fernando Aurax , Houngbegnon Parfait , Allaf Bichr , Nouatin Odilon , Adimi Elisée , Akoho Romuald , Diallo Aissatou , Chadli Nora , Ouorou Rachidou , Bello El’ Mourchid , Linard Cyril , Koehl Bérengère , Massougbodji Achille , Taudon Nicolas , Siriez Jean-Yves , Buffet Pierre , Alao Jules , Ndour Papa Alioune 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Post-Artesunate Delayed Hemolysis (PADH) occurs in 7-25% of adults with severe imported malaria. Whether it exists in African children is controversial.

Methods
351 children treated with artesunate were enrolled in a prospective severe malaria study in Benin. Clinical, epidemiological and biological data, plasma concentrations of antimalarials were captured or determined on admission then at 3, 5, 14, 21 and 28 days after starting treatment. PADH was defined by a &gt;10% drop in hemoglobin level and/or a &gt;10% rise in LDH concentrations beyond Day 5.

Results
14 children (4%) died before D14. While 10% of guardians declared administration of anti-malarial drugs before admission, 316/350 (90%) of children had measurable plasma levels of lumefantrine (n=279), quinine (n=104), sulfadoxine (n=67), artemisinin (n=28), chloroquine (n=16), or other antimalarials (n=9). PADH occurred in 76/332 children (22.9%). Levels of pitted RBC were higher and recovery from anemia was slower in these children. Severe anemia and transfusion were more frequent between D14 and D28 in children with PADH compared to children without PADH (10.6%v0.4%, 9.8%v0%). During follow-up, children with PADH were more frequently hospitalized (11.1%vs1.6%) and had more frequent infectious events (6.9%v0.4%) than children without PADH. Children who received 2 transfusions within 3 days post-admission had a lower incidence of PADH than untransfused children (12.5% v 26.8%, p=0.015).

Conclusions
Despite widespread self-medication with antimalarials, PADH affects 23% of African children treated with artesunate for severe malaria, of whom more than 15% suffer from severe anemia and/or infectious events. Liberal early transfusion may be protective against PADH.
Tofacitinib for Hospitalized Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Management (the TRIUMPH study)
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Pray Cara , Hamam Hasan , Peerani Farhad , Hansen Tawnya , Bessissow Talat , Bressler Brian , Arun Arathi , Schmit Maria , Castelli Jane , Marshall John K ,   Canadian IBD Research Consortium (CIRC)
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Tofacitinib is a rapidly acting Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor with increasing evidence of effectiveness in patients with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). However, there are scarce prospective data analyzing the efficacy and rapidity of action in hospitalized ASUC.

Methods
The TRIUMPH study is a prospective open-label interventional trial of tofacitinib in hospitalized patients with ASUC conducted in five hospitals across Canada (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04925973). Eligible participants included biologic-naïve and experienced patients with ASUC refractory to three days of intravenous (IV) corticosteroids (Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index [MTWSI] &gt; 10 despite steroids). Participants were treated with tofacitinib 10mg twice daily and assessed daily while in hospital. The primary outcome was day 7 clinical response (MTWSI reduction of &gt; 3 from baseline and &lt; 10).

Results
Among 24 subjects, 33.3% (8/24) had previous anti-TNF failure. Day 7 clinical response was achieved in 58.3% (14/24). The mean number of days to achieve clinical response was 2.4 (SD 1.3). Marked reduction in C-reactive protein was observed in responders within the first two days after tofacitinib initiation compared to non-responders. Colectomy occurred in 25% (6/24) by six months, with no additional colectomy beyond this time point. Five participants reported a total of 13 adverse events.

Conclusion
Tofacitinib is an effective rescue therapy in hospitalized patients with steroid-refractory ASUC. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to compare JAK inhibitors with other rescue therapies including infliximab in steroid refractory ASUC (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04925973).
Adjusting to Urban Stress: How Eurasian Tree Sparrows Modulate Multiple Physiological and Nutritional Markers Across Sexes
Authors: Ahmad Ibrahim M , Zhang Qian , Liu Xu , Ge Shiyong , Nabi Ghulam , Wingfield John C , Li Dongming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization, navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors. While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season, the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction, and the maintenance of sex-specific differences, remain less understood. Using an urban exploiter, the Eurasian tree sparrow (ETS; Passer montanus), we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition, body condition, oxidative stress, and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage. Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs, characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyric acid, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol, alongside lower levels of triglycerides, glucose (Glu), and fat content (FC). No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers. Additionally, both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers, unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males. Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization, likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments. Furthermore, sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition, body condition, oxidative stress, and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.
Transgenerational Inheritance of Hepatic Steatosis in Mice: Sperm methylome is largely reprogrammed and inherited but does not globally influence liver transcriptome
Authors: Ribó Sílvia , Ramon-Krauel Marta , Marimon-Escude Josep M , Busato Florence , Palmieri Flavio , Mourin-Fernandez Marta , Palacios-Marin Ivonne , Diaz Ruben , Lerin Carles , Oliva Rafael , Tost Jorg , Jiménez-Chillarón Josep C 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nutritional challenges and obesity can contribute to the transmission of metabolic diseases through epigenetic mechanisms. Among them, DNA methylation stands out as a potential carrier of information because germline cytosine methylation responds to environmental factors and can be transmitted across generations. Yet, it remains unclear whether inherited DNA methylation plays an active role in the inheritance of metabolic phenotypes or solely influences expression of a few genes that cannot recapitulate the whole metabolic spectrum in the next generation offspring.
Previously, we established a mouse model of childhood obesity by reducing litter size at birth. Mice raised in small litters (SL) developed obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. The offspring (SL-F1) and grand-offspring (SL-F2) of SL males also exhibited hepatic steatosis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether germline DNA methylation could serve as a carrier of phenotypic information, hepatic steatosis, between generations.
Litter size reduction significantly altered global DNA methylation profile in the sperm of SL-F0 males. Remarkably, 8% of these methylation marks remained altered in the sperm of SL-F1 mice and in the liver of SL-F2 mice. These data suggest that germline DNA methylation is sensitive to environmental challenges and holds significant heritability, either through direct germline transmission and/or through sequential erasure and reestablishment of the marks in the following generations.
Yet, DNA methylation did not strongly correlate with the hepatic transcriptome in SL-F2 mice, suggesting that it does not directly drive phenotypes in the F2. As an alternative, germline DNA methylation could potentially influence the phenotype of the next generation by modulating the expression of a reduced number of key transcription factors that, through an amplification cascade, drive phenotypic outcomes in subsequent generations. HighlightsEarly obesity induced epigenetic inheritance of hepatic steatosis until the F2Childhood obesity broadly modified sperm DNA methylation in the exposed individualsA substantial number of sperm-borne methyl-marks were transmitted (i.e., inherited) to the offspring and grand-offspring.Sperm-bone methyl-marks do not seem to influence global transcription profile, and therefore phenotypic outcomes, in the F2.Instead, germline DNA methylation may influence the phenotype of the next generation by modulating the expression of a select group of key transcription factors.
Mid-term outcomes of intervalvular fibrosa body reconstruction with Commando variants for active infective endocarditis
Authors: Forteza-Gil Alberto , Sandoval Elena , Martínez-López Daniel , Pereda Daniel , De Villarreal-Soto Juan Esteban , Castellá Manuel , Centeno-Rodríguez Jorge , Alcocer Jorge , Martin-López Carlos Esteban , Rubio Brayan , Quintana Eduard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Infective endocarditis (IE) with intervalvular fibrosa (IVF) involvement is a life-threatening condition. Fibrous skeleton reconstructive options encompass variants of the Commando operation dictated by surgical findings. We aim to review the characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing different iterations of this operation.

METHODS
Retrospective analysis of patients who underwent IVF reconstruction in the setting of acute IE at two national referral centres from April 2014 to November 2023. Patients were divided into two groups, regarding the extend of surgery at the aortic root level: non-ROOT (Commando) and ROOT (Root-Commando: commando with root replacement).

RESULTS
Seventy-eight patients were included; thirty (38.5%) in ROOT group and 48 (61.5%) non-ROOT. There were no differences in perioperative mortality, postoperative complications, and follow-up reoperations or reinfections. There were no relapses in both groups. Median follow-up was 4.69 years (95% CI 3.10—5.13). Overall, in-hospital and/or 30-day mortality was 14 (17.9%), without differences between groups. Overall survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 76.2% and 67.2%, respectively. Overall survival was 74%, 74% and 68% in the non-ROOT group and 79%, 79% and 63% in the ROOT group; respectively at 1, 2 and 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Variants of the Commando operation offer stable cardiac fibrous skeleton reconstructions to patients without alternative repair options. Provided that surgical reconstruction is achieved, there are no differences in early and mid-term outcomes based on the use of root replacement. Absence of relapses can be achieved with these techniques.
Improving genomic selection in hexaploid wheat with sub-genome additive and epistatic models
Authors: Tessele Augusto , González-Diéguez David O , Crossa José , Johnson Blaine E , Morris Geoffrey P , Fritz Allan K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The goal of wheat breeding is the development of superior cultivars tailored to specific environments, and the identification of promising crosses is crucial for the success of breeding programs. Although genomic estimated breeding values were developed to estimate additive effects of genotypes before testing as parents, application has focused on predicting performance of candidate lines, ignoring non-additive genetic effects. However, non-additive genetic effects are hypothesized to be especially important in allopolyploid species due to the interaction between homeologous genes. The objectives of this study were to model additive and additive-by-additive epistatic effects to better delineate the genetic architecture of grain yield in wheat and to improve the accuracy of genomewide predictions. The dataset utilized consisted of 3740 F5:6 experimental lines tested in the K-State wheat breeding program across the years 2016 and 2018. Covariance matrices were calculated based on whole and sub-genome marker data and the natural and orthogonal interaction approach (NOIA) was used to estimate variance components for additive and additive-by-additive epistatic effects. Incorporating epistatic effects in additive models resulted in non-orthogonal partitioning of genetic effects but increased total genetic variance and reduced deviance information criteria. Estimation of sub-genome effects indicated that genotypes with the greatest whole genome effects often combine sub-genomes with intermediate to high effects, suggesting potential for crossing parental lines which have complementary sub-genome effects. Modeling epistasis in either whole-genome or sub-genome models led to a marginal (3%) improvement in genomic prediction accuracy, which could result in significant genetic gains across multiple cycles of breeding.
Association of plasma fatty acid profile with trajectory of multimorbidity and mortality: A community-based longitudinal study
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jiao , Miao Yuyang , Dunk Michelle M , Maioli Silvia , Fang Zhongze , Zhang Qiang , Xu Weili 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Plasma fatty acids have been linked to various chronic diseases and mortality, but the extent to which fatty acids are associated with the trajectory of multimorbidity remains unclear. We investigated the association of fatty acid profile with multimorbidity trajectories and event-free survival.

Methods
Within the UK Biobank, 138,685 chronic disease-free participants were followed for up to 16 years. 17 plasma fatty acids were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance. A comprehensive healthy fatty acid score (HFAS) was constructed using LASSO regression. Incidence of chronic diseases and death were ascertained through linkages to medical and death records. Event-free survival was defined as survival without chronic diseases or death. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model, Cox regression, and Laplace regression.

Results
High HFAS was associated with lower risk of chronic diseases/death (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.907, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.888-0.925) and prolonged event-free survival time by 0.636 (95% CI: 0.500-0.774) years compared to low HFAS. High HFAS was also associated with a slower accumulation trajectory of multimorbidity (β: -0.042, 95% CI: -0.045 to -0.038). There was a significant multiplicative interaction between moderate-to-high HFAS and healthy lifestyle on chronic disease/death (P for interaction = 0.002) and multimorbidity accumulation trajectories (P for interaction&lt;0.001).

Conclusions
A healthier plasma fatty acid metabolic profile is associated with a slower accumulation of multimorbidity and prolonged event-free survival time. A healthy lifestyle may strengthen the protective association of HFAS with the risk of chronic diseases/death and the accumulation trajectory of multimorbidity.
Can we borrow your intervention? A randomized controlled trial of an older adult telehealth wellness promotion program in middle-aged adults with physical disability
Authors: Molton Ivan R , Singsank Katie , Rivera Nova , Munroe Leah , Flaster Aaron , Humbert Andrew , Daymon Deidre , Thompson Meghan , Yang Bishan , Denison Paige 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The widespread availability of evidence-based, community embedded health promotion programs for older adults represents a major achievement in gerontology. Many of these programs may also be suitable for younger adults with early-acquired disability, creating an opportunity to leverage existing resources and networks. However, the evidence base supporting these programs has often excluded people with early-acquired or long-term disability.

Research Design and Methods
This project represented a “bridging” partnership among a group of academic disability researchers and a community service organization serving older adults. The team identified an existing health coaching program for older adults (EnhanceWellness), engaged in a formal adaptation process, and conducted a 3-arm randomized controlled trial in 505 middle-aged adults with long-term, physical disability. Participant reported outcomes (mood, community participation and self-efficacy) were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention (3 months), post-intervention (6 months) and 12 months, utilizing PROMIS measures. Enhance Wellness was compared to health education or treatment as usual.

Results
Participants were middle-aged (M=55.8 years) and primarily women (79%), who had lived with a disability-associated health condition for an average of 23 years. Linear mixed effects modeling suggested superiority of Enhance Wellness in increasing participation outcomes, and effects were maintained at the 12-month follow-up. Intervention effects were partially mediated by improvements in disease management self-efficacy. There were no significant treatment effects on depression.

Discussion and Implications
Results emphasize the potential for adaptation as a strategy to extend the existing network of older adult interventions to serve those living with long-term disability.
Enteric methane emission classification and ranking of growing steers during the backgrounding and finishing phases
Authors: de J. Vargas Juan , Manriquez Diego , Swenson Maya , Carvalho Pedro H V , Place Sara E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There is limited information regarding the effect of beef cattle enteric methane (CH4) classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases and the impact of using metabolic modulators such as growth-promoting implants. This experiment aimed to determine how CH4 and residual CH4 emission (RME) classification impact gas flux and whether implanted or non-implanted growing steers maintain the same CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases. A total of 46 Angus steers (approximately 8 months of age and 244 ± 11.1 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were enrolled. During the finishing phase, 23 steers were implanted, while 23 did not receive an implant. Individual animal growth performance and gas flux (CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and oxygen (O2) consumption) were determined during the backgrounding and finishing phases. In addition, RME was individually determined using metabolic BW and dry matter intake (DMI). In the backgrounding and finishing phases, steers were ranked in ascending order according to their CH4 production (g/d), CH4 yield (g/ kg of DMI), CH4 intensity (g/ kg of average daily gain), and RME. Consequently, steers were classified as low, medium, and high emitters based on the quartile distribution. Then, gas flux was analyzed using a completely randomized design for each phase. The relationship between the initial CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and the subsequent classification during finishing was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Steers classified as low CH4 or RME had lower (P &lt; 0.05) CH4 production than high emitters during the backgrounding and finishing phases. The production of CO2 varies among classification groups regarding the growing phase and the use of growth-promoting implants. The consumption of O2 was lower (P &lt; 0.05) in steers classified as low CH4 emitters during the backgrounding but not (P &gt; 0.05) during the finishing phase. In addition, between 35 and 83% of the steers re-ranked according to CH4 and RME classification from the backgrounding to the finishing phase. In conclusion, the classification of growing steers using CH4 production, yield, intensity, or RME results in animals with lower CH4 production during the backgrounding and finishing phases. However, CH4 or RME classification should be conducted in each phase because growing steers re-ranked when changing from the backgrounding to the finishing phase.
Retrospective Fentanyl Analysis in the Hair of Workplace Drug Testing Subjects
Authors: Stowe G. Neil , Paulsen Ryan B , Schaffer Michael I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The powerful opioid analgesic fentanyl has become readily available in the most recent phase of the ongoing opioid crisis. While fentanyl does have important medicinal uses, it is highly prone to misuse and non-medical use. In addition, the relative ease of fentanyl synthesis lends it subject to structural modifications by clandestine chemists to produce fentanyl analogs (often termed fentalogs) that are designed to evade detection by law enforcement and forensic toxicologists. Herein, we report fentanyl data as measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with extensively washed hair as the matrix in the United States workforce population over the years 2019 to 2024. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation for our method was set at 1.0 pg analyte/mg hair. From our data, we find that approximately 94% of samples with concentrations above 150 pg fentanyl/mg hair contained measurable norfentanyl metabolite above 1.0 pg/mg hair. In our studied population, only one sample containing the presence of a fentanyl analog was observed in the absence of fentanyl itself. It thus appears that fentanyl analogs are most often found in combination with, or as contaminants of, fentanyl consumed by our study population.