bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful treatment of methemoglobinemia in an elderly couple with severe cyanosis: two case reports
Authors: Su Ying-Fu , Lu Li-Hua , Hsu Tai-Hao , Chang Shih-Liang , Lin Rong-Tsung 
Published: September 2012

Abstract

Introduction
Methemoglobinemia should be considered in all cyanotic patients who remain unresponsive to oxygen therapy. Rapid diagnosis is very important in emergency cases. Here, we present the cases of two patients, a married couple, admitted to our hospital with methemoglobinemia after exposure to sodium nitrite.

Case presentation
Two patients, a married couple, presented with methemoglobinemia. The 72-year-old Taiwanese man and 68-year-old Taiwanese woman were referred to our hospital with dizziness and tachypnea. On examination, their mucous membranes were cyanotic, and their blood samples showed the classic ‘chocolate brown’ appearance. The man also reported having experienced twitching of his right arm for a few minutes before arrival at the hospital. The symptoms of both patients failed to improve in response to supplemental oxygen delivered via oxygen masks, although the arterial blood gas data of these patients were normal and their pulse oximetry showed oxyhemoglobin levels of approximately 85%. A carbon monoxide-oximeter showed that the man’s methemoglobin concentration was 48.3%, and the woman’s was 36.4%. Methylene blue (100mg) was administered intravenously to both patients, and their symptoms improved dramatically. They were admitted to the intensive care unit and discharged three days later, without neurological sequelae.

Conclusion
Severe methemoglobinemia is a life-threatening condition and, if untreated, may result in death. Early diagnosis and appropriate antidotal treatment are crucial in treating this emergency situation.
Ets-1 is a transcriptional mediator of oncogenic nitric oxide signaling in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer
Authors: Switzer Christopher H , Cheng Robert Y-S , Ridnour Lisa A , Glynn Sharon A , Ambs Stefan , Wink David A 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Introduction
The Ets-1 transcription factor is a candidate breast cancer oncogene that regulates the expression of genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Ets-1 signaling has also been linked to the development of a basal-like breast cancer phenotype. We recently described a nitric oxide (NO)-induced gene signature that is associated with poor disease outcome in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer and contains both stem cell-like and basal-like components. Thus, we examined the role of Ets-1 in NO signaling and NO-induced phenotypes in ER- human breast cancer cells.

Methods
Promoter region analyses were performed on genes upregulated in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) high expressing tumors for Ets-binding sites. In vitro mechanisms were examined in human basal-like breast cancer cells lines. NO signaling effects were studied using either forced NOS2 expression or the use of a chemical NO-donor, diethlylenetriamine NONOate (DETANO).

Results
Promoter region analysis of genes that are up-regulated in human ER-negative breast tumors with high NOS2 expression revealed that the Ets-binding sequence is the only common promoter element present in all of these genes, indicating that Ets-1 is the key transcriptional factor down-stream of oncogenic NOS2-signaling. Accordingly, both forced NOS2 over-expression and exposure to NO-donors resulted in significant Ets-1 transcriptional activation in ER- breast cancer cells. Functional studies showed that NO activated Ets-1 transcriptional activity via a Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway by a mechanism that involved Ras S-nitrosylation. RNA knock-down of Ets-1 suppressed NO-induced expression of selected basal-like breast cancer markers such as P-cadherin, S100A8, IL-8 and αβ-crystallin. Additionally, Ets-1 knock-down reduced NO-mediated cellular proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase and cathepsin B activities, as well as matrigel invasion.

Conclusions
These data show that Ets-1 is a key transcriptional mediator of oncogenic NO signaling that promotes the development of an aggressive disease phenotype in ER- breast cancer in an Ets-1 and Ras-dependent manner, providing novel clues of how NOS2 expression in human breast tumors is functionally linked to poor patient survival.
Palmitate Causes Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Prevention by AMPK Activator
Authors: Lu Jun , Wang Qinghua , Huang Lianghu , Dong Huiyue , Lin Lingjing , Lin Na , Zheng Feng , Tan Jianming 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Elevated circulating saturated fatty acids concentration is commonly associated with poorly controlled diabetes. The highly prevalent free fatty acid palmitate could induce apoptosis in various cell types, but little is known about its effects on human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, we report that prolonged exposure to palmitate induces human bone marrow-derived MSC (hBM-MSC) and human umbilical cord-derived MSC apoptosis. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is known to promote cell apoptosis. Palmitate activated XBP1 splicing, elF2α (eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α) phosphorylation, and CHOP, ATF4, BiP, and GRP94 transcription in hBM-MSCs. ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK phosphorylation were also induced by palmitate in hBM-MSCs. A selective p38 inhibitor inhibited palmitate activation of the ER stress, whereas the ERK1/2 inhibitors had no effect. The AMP-activated protein kinase activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide blocked palmitate-induced ER stress and apoptosis. These findings suggest that palmitate induces ER stress and ERK1/2 and p38 activation in hBM-MSCs, and AMP-activated protein kinase activator prevents the deleterious effects of palmitate by inhibiting ER stress and apoptosis.
Iron Indices and Intravenous Ferumoxytol: Time to Steady-State
Authors: Kapoian Toros , O'Mara Neeta Bahal , Carreon Myra , Gajary Amelia , Rizkala Adel , Lefavour Gertrude , Sherman Richard A , Walker John 
Published: September 2012

Background: The ongoing nature of iron loss in patients receiving hemodialysis makes it difficult to maintain adequate iron stores without supplementation. The effects of ferumoxytol on iron indices have been measured 35 days after baseline, but no study has assessed indices at earlier points in time. Objective: To evaluate the time to transferrin saturation (TSAT) and ferritin stabilization, the point at which TSAT and serum ferritin levels can be accurately measured during a 13-treatment period following a loading dose of ferumoxytol. Methods: Ferumoxytol was administered according to the package insert to 15 adults undergoing hemodialysis. Vital signs were recorded before treatment, 30 and 60 minutes after receiving ferumoxytol, and at the end of treatment to monitor for adverse reactions and hemodynamic Instability. Monitoring continued for a 13-treatment period (30 days) after drug administration. Blood was collected throughout the study to measure TSAT, ferritin, hemoglobin (Hb), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: TSAT values at 14, 21, and 28 days after drug administration were not significantly different from those at 7 days, signifying that TSAT values stabilized by day 7. Serum ferritin values at day 14 were significantly lower than those 7 days after drug administration (p = 0.023). Although serum ferritin values at days 21 and 28 tended to decrease relative to values at day 14, the differences were not statistically significant. Therefore, it appears (hat serum ferritin stabilized by day 14 after drug administration. Mean (SD) Hb values at screening and at end of the study were 11.7 (1.0) g/dL and 12.0 (0.9) g/dL, respectively (p = NS). CRP also did not change significantly throughout the study period. Conclusions: Dialysis patients achieve stable iron indices quickly. TSAT stabilized by day 7 and ferritin stabilized 14 days after a loading dose of ferumoxytol 1 g. Adverse effects were minimal and did not necessitate discontinuation of ferumoxylol.
Romidepsin: A Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor for Refractory Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Kim Miryoung , Thompson Lisa A , Wenger Sarah D , O'Bryant Cindy L 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of romidepsin in refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Data Sources: An English-language literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE (Nov 2011–April 2012) was performed using the terms romidepsin, CTCL, and depsipeptide (FK228). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, American Society of Clinical Oncology abstracts, American Society of Hematology abstracts, clinical trial registry, and prescribing information from the manufacturer were reviewed for additional information. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Phase 1 and 2 trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of romidepsin were reviewed with a specific focus on its use in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. All peer-reviewed articles with clinically relevant information were evaluated for inclusion. Data Synthesis: In advanced stage CTCL, single or combination chemotherapy regimen responses are variable and lack durability. Romidepsin is a histone deacetylase inhibitor approved for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, Romidepsin has shown an improvement in duration of response and pruritus over traditional therapy. In 2 independent Phase 2 trials, romidepsin showed an overall response rate of 34% and durable response of 13–15 months in patients with refractory CTCL. The most frequent toxicities of romidepsin include nausea. vomiting, fatigue, or myelosuppresston. Clinically insignificant QT interval changes have been observed but did not correlate with a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction, or elevated laboratory markers of myocardial damage. Conclusions: Romidepsin is an effective, durable, and well-tolerated single-agent therapy in patients with refractory CTCL and should be considered for formulary addition in this population.
Teplizumab for Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Skelley Jessica W , Elmore Lindsey K , Kyle Jeffrey A 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of teplizumab and evaluate relevant clinical trial data. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, ClinicalTrials.gov, American Diabetes Association scientific posters, and Google Scholar (1966-May 2012) were conducted using the key words teplizumab. anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, MGA031, and hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala). Searches were limited to articles published in English. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Clinical trials evaluating teplizumab for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) published in English were selected from the data sources. All published relevant abstracts were included. References cited in identified articles were used for additional citations. Data Synthesis: T1DM accounts for up to 10% of all cases of diabetes mellitus, T1DM is characterized as a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease leading to the destruction of insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreas. Teplizumab is a humanized Fc-mutated anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody that alters the function of the T-lymphocytes that mediate the destruction of the insulin-producing β-cells. While clinical data are limited, both Phase 2 and Phase 3 studies have demonstrated preserved C-peptide response as a measure of insulin production, decreased exogenous insulin use, and improved grycemic control following a 12- to 14-day teplizumab infusion in patients diagnosed with T1DM within the previous 6 weeks. However, 1 Phase 3 trial tailed to find the same benefits in those diagnosed with T1DM within the previous 12 weeks when a lower cumulative teplizumab dose was used. Initial studies indicated that teplizumab is well tolerated, with a self-limiting rash as the most commonly reported adverse effect. Conclusions: Teplizumab is an anti-CD3 human monoclonal antibody with promising activity in treatment of patients with T1DM, Results from Phase 3 trials are needed to further determine safety, efficacy, and dosing frequency.
Late Anisian platform drowning and radiolarite deposition as a consequence of the opening of the Neotethys ocean (High Karst nappe, Montenegro)
Authors: Gawlick Hans-Jürgen , Goričan Špela , Missoni Sigrid , Lein Richard 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
A short-term radiolarite interval of Late Anisian (Late Illyrian) age was dated by means of radiolarians and conodonts in the Dinarides, Montenegro. The radiolarites, with intercalations of filament-rich limestone layers in the higher part, were deposited in deeper-water shelf areas, as documented by the underlying and overlying shallow-water carbonate succession. This Illyrian radiolarite interval is widespread in the northwestern Tethyan realm, especially in the Dinarides, and was deposited in a phase when the carbonate production decreased. The radiolarite event occurred shortly after the main subsidence pulse and the final break-up of the Neotethys ocean, and was concomitant with a prominent sea-level highstand.
Middle Jurassic radiolarian assemblages from the sedimentary cover of the Adriatic margin (Zlatar Mountain, SW Serbia): 359-368
Authors: Djerić Nevenka , Schmid Stefan M. , Gerzina Nataša 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
This paper focuses on the age of radiolarite sequences that are believed to be part of the sedimentary cover of the Adriatic margin; they are found structurally underneath ophiolitic mélange formations forming the base of the obducted western Vardar Ophiolitic Unit. Three sections of radiolarian chert yielded moderate to well preserved radiolarian assemblages. The age range inferred for all the three studied sections spans the Late Bajocian to Early Callovian interval.
Distalization pattern of the maxillary arch depending on the number of orthodontic miniscrews
Authors: Bechtold Till E. , Kim Jin-Wook , Choi Tae-Hyun , Park Young-Chel , Lee Kee-Joon 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the effects of linear force vector(s) from interradicular miniscrews on the distalization pattern of the maxillary arch in adult Class II patients.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-five adult patients with mild to moderate Class II dentition and minimal crowding were collected. Either single (group A, n  =  12) or dual (group B, n  =  13) miniscrews were inserted on the posterior interradicular area to deliver a distalizing force to the main archwire. The displacement patterns of maxillary incisors and molars were measured and compared.

Results:
Significant distalization in the molars and incisors was shown in both groups. Significantly greater distalization and intrusion of the first molar and intrusive displacement of the incisor, together with significant reduction of the mandibular plane, were noted in group B, in contrast to the rotation of the occlusal plane in group A.

Conclusions:
Interradicular miniscrews predictably induced total arch distalization, leading to the correction of Class II. Additional miniscrews in the premolar area appear to facilitate intrusion and distalization of the entire arch according to the position of the force vectors.
Study of deoxynivalenol effect on metallothionein and glutathione levels, antioxidant capacity, and glutathione-S-transferase and liver enzymes activity in rats
Authors: Sobrova Pavlina , Vasatkova Anna , Skladanka Jiri , Beklova Miroslava , Zeman Ladislav , Kizek Rene , Adam Vojtech 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDeoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is one of several human mycotoxins acquired through residues in foods of plant origin (cereals) and through foods of animal origin (kidneys, liver, milk, eggs). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of deoxynivalenol-contaminated mouldy grain on the health status of rats and their ability to resist oxidative stress. The rats were fed a diet supplemented with DON along with organic and inorganic Zn(II), and vitamins for 28 days. The study focuses particularly on protective mechanisms and levels of reduced glutathione and metallothioneins (MT) against the adverse effects of xenobiotics. The highest concentrations of MT were detected in the tissues of kidneys ((6.70 ± 0.05) μg g−1) and liver ((6.00 ± 0.05) μg g−1), both of which are involved in detoxifying cationic xenobiotics. Lower concentrations were also detected in heart, brain, testes, and muscle tissues (approximately 3.0 μg g−1). Antioxidant capacity, glutathione-S-transferase, and liver enzymes activity were also studied. In conclusion, MT may play an important role in the detoxification of mycotoxins. Even though its role is not fully understood, MT are crucial for the redistribution of ions important for transcription factors and interaction with reactive oxygen species that form mycotoxins.
Fabrication of a micro-direct methanol fuel cell using microfluidics
Authors: Yunphuttha Chumphol , Bunjongpru Win , Porntheeraphat Supanit , Wongchaisuwat Atchana , Hruanun Charndet , Poyai Amporn , Viravathana Pinsuda 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA direct-methanol fuel cell containing three parts: microchannels, electrodes, and a proton exchange membrane (PEM), was investigated. Nafion resin (NR) and polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (PS) were used as PEMs. Preparation of PEMs, including compositing with other polymers and their solubility, was performed and their proton conductivity was measured by a four point probe. The results showed that the 5 % Nafion resin has lower conductivity than the 5 % PS solution. The micro-fuel cell contained two acrylic channels, PEM, and two platinum catalyst electrodes on a silicon wafer. The assembled micro-fuel cells used 2 M methanol at the flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 in the anode channel and 5 × 10−3 M KMnO4 at the flow rate of 1.5 mL min−1 in the cathode channel. The micro-fuel cell with the electrode distance of 300 μm provided the power density of 59.16 μW cm−2 and the current density of 125.60 μA cm−2 at 0.47 V.
Optimal glucose and inoculum concentrations for production of bioactive molecules by Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D
Authors: Serrano Nadja , Rodrigues Ligia , Hokka Carlos , Sousa Cristina , Teixeira José , Mussatto Solange 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe production of antimicrobial metabolites by Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D was assessed. Two process variables, glucose and inoculum concentrations, were evaluated at different levels (5–40 g L−1, and at φ r = 2.5–5.0 %, respectively), and their effects on biomass formation, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Escherichia coli, and surface tension reduction (STR) were studied. When the fermentation process was carried out under non-optimised conditions, the biomass, MIC, and STR achieved the following values: 0.6 g L−1, 1 g L−1, and 18.4 mN m−1, respectively. The optimum glucose (16 g L−1) and inoculum volume ratio (φ r = 5.0 %) were defined in order to maximise the biomass formation, with a low value of MIC and high STR of extract. The experiments carried out under optimal conditions showed the following values for the dependent variables: biomass concentration 2.05 g L−1, MIC 31.2 μg mL−1, and STR 10.7 mN m−1, which represented improvement of 241.7 %, 96.9 %, and 41.9 % for the responses of biomass, MIC, and STR, respectively. This is the first recorded study on the optimisation of culture conditions for the production of antimicrobial metabolites of P. polymyxa RNC-D, and constitutes an important step in the development of strategies to modulate the production of antimicrobial molecules by this microorganism at elevated levels.
Solutions to the direct and inverse navigation problems on the great ellipse
Authors: Sjöberg L. E. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract The Great Ellipse (GE) is the curve of intersection between the surface and a plane through the center of an ellipsoid. For arcs within a few thousands of kilometres it agrees within a few metres with the geodesic. As the direct and indirect navigation problems for the GE can be solved almost entirely by closed formulas (in contrast to the corresponding geodetic problems of the geodesic), navigation on the GE is mostly preferred. Here we take advantage of the Clairaut constant on the GE in solving the navigation problems.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Diagnostic Tool in Breast Cancer
Authors: Hnilicova P. , Dobrota D. 
Published: September 2012

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as a Diagnostic Tool in Breast CancerThe early detection and treatment of breast cancer is of direct benefit to patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising modality for detection, diagnosis, and staging of breast cancer. MRI enables two methods: the diffusion-weighted MRI (DW MRI) and the dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI). DW MRI reflects the diffusion of water molecules in the extracellular fluid space and allows the estimation of cellularity and tissue structure. The value of the diffusion of water in tissue is called the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). ADC values in malignant lesions are smaller than in benign tissue. DCE MRI yields appropriate pharmacokinetic data of physiological parameters that relate to tissue perfusion, microvascular vessel wall permeability and extracellular volume fraction. Gadolinium based contrast agent is usually used in breast DCE MRI diagnostics. Changes in the post-contrast signal intensity help to distinguish lesions according to characteristically enhanced accumulation of contrast agent. Malignant lesions are characterized by a faster and stronger signal enhancement than benign lesions which relate to their neoangiogenesis. Over the last few years, there has been appreciable interest in the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for the non-invasive analysis of breast tisue metabolites. One of the spectroscopic hallmarks of the neoplastic process appears to be the presence of total choline signal in thein vivospectrum. Despite the fact that MRI and MRS achieve excellent results, they are still not so frequently used in comparison to mammography and breast ultrasound.
USG in evaluation of patients with scrotal pain
Authors: Chhetri PK , Tayal A , Deka PK 
Published: September 2012

Based on physical examination alone it is often difficult to accurately make a clinical diagnosis and decide whether a palpable scrotal pathology arises from the testis itself or from extratesticular elements within the scrotum. Clinical examination of the testis is especially difficult due to pain, tenderness or when obscured by a large hydrocele. The aim of the study was thus undertaken to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (USG) in patients presenting with scrotal pain. 50 patients who presented to the surgical department with scrotal pain were subjected to USG. The commonest cause for scrotal pain was epididymitis with or without orchitis (40 %), followed in descending order by cystic lesions of the epididymis (18 %), varicocele (12 %), trauma (8 %), torsion (4 %) and tumour (2 %). No abnormality was seen on USG in 7 patients ( 14 %). This study concludes that USG is a sensitive and specific examination in patients with scrotal pain. Besides differentiating testicular from extratesticular origin it can also differentiate solid from cystic masses. Colour flow imaging is especially helpful in varicocele and testicular torsion. Torsion of the testis remains the most urgent and important entity dependent on USG for diagnosis. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-1, 18-22 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i1.6821