bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of absolute cerebral tissue oxygen saturation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Meex Ingrid , De Deyne Cathy , Dens Jo , Scheyltjens Simon , Lathouwers Kevin , Boer Willem , Vundelinckx Guy , Heylen René , Jans Frank 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Current monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is limited to clinical observation of consciousness, breathing pattern and presence of a pulse. At the same time, the adequacy of cerebral oxygenation during CPR is critical for neurological outcome and thus survival. Cerebral oximetry, based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), provides a measure of brain oxygen saturation. Therefore, we examined the feasibility of using NIRS during CPR.

Methods
Recent technologies (FORE-SIGHT™ and EQUANOX™) enable the monitoring of absolute cerebral tissue oxygen saturation (SctO2) values without the need for pre-calibration. We tested both FORE-SIGHT™ (five patients) and EQUANOX Advance™ (nine patients) technologies in the in-hospital as well as the out-of-hospital CPR setting. In this observational study, values were not utilized in any treatment protocol or therapeutic decision. An independent t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results
Our data demonstrate the feasibility of both technologies to measure cerebral oxygen saturation during CPR. With the continuous, pulseless near-infrared wave analysis of both FORE-SIGHT™ and EQUANOX™ technology, we obtained SctO2 values in the absence of spontaneous circulation. Both technologies were able to assess the efficacy of CPR efforts: improved resuscitation efforts (improved quality of chest compressions with switch of caregivers) resulted in higher SctO2 values. Until now, the ability of CPR to provide adequate tissue oxygenation was difficult to quantify or to assess clinically due to a lack of specific technology. With both technologies, any change in hemodynamics (for example, ventricular fibrillation) results in a reciprocal change in SctO2. In some patients, a sudden drop in SctO2 was the first warning sign of reoccurring ventricular fibrillation.

Conclusions
Both the FORE-SIGHT™ and EQUANOX™ technology allow non-invasive monitoring of the cerebral oxygen saturation during CPR. Moreover, changes in SctO2 values might be used to monitor the efficacy of CPR efforts.
Early intervention for psychosis in low- and middle-income countries needs a public health approach
Authors: Farooq Saeed 
Published: March 2013

SummaryEarly intervention in psychosis has significantly improved outcomes compared with standard treatment but it is considered as a luxury for low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries. However, a public health approach that is based on the principles of supplying all essential medication free of charge for at least the first 2 years of illness, medication being taken under supervision of a caregiver and treatment following a standardised treatment algorithm can prove a cost-effective early intervention model for LAMI countries.
Place of safety orders in England: changes in use and outcome, 1984/5 to 2010/11
Authors: Keown Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Aims and methodTo detail changes in the use of place of safety orders in England, including the outcome of these detentions, using publicly available data.ResultsThere was a sixfold increase in the rate of the Mental Health Act Section 136 detentions to places of safety in hospitals between 1984 and 2011. The use of Section 135 and the rate of subsequent detention under Section 2 or 3 also increased, but the proportion of people detained fell as the absolute rate of detention increased. There was a wide variation between regions in the use of hospitals or police stations as places of safety. The change in the annual rate of detention under Section 136 was associated with the annual change in the population of England.Clinical implicationsThe increase in detentions to places of safety in hospitals may in part reflect their move from police cells. It may also reflect a real increase in overall rate of detention and possibly a change in the threshold for the use of Section 136 detentions.
On the global estimates of geostrophic and Ekman surface currents
Authors: Sudre Joël , Maes Christophe , Garçon Véronique 
Published: March 2013

Lay AbstractA fundamental goal of physical oceanography is to provide a primary description of global ocean circulation. Historically, ocean surface currents were inferred from ship drift measurements, mainly in relation with navigational requirements. Ocean circulation was shown to play an important role in the last decades for studying the transport of heat, freshwater, momentum, and biogeochemical substances and is crucial to climate variability at both regional and global scales. It is particularly well known that, thanks to the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current, Europe has a relatively mild climate considering its latitude. Measuring the ocean currents with great accuracy is instrumental for studying the movement of any material in the sea, from marine algae to turtles, and from plastic debris to oil spills. The advent of remote sensing has allowed surface currents to be estimated accurately using wind and sea‐level data observed from space. Our GEKCO (Geostrophic and Ekman Current Observatory) estimates of currents cover the global ocean from the Arctic Ocean (82°N) to the Antarctic continent (82°S) at a horizontal resolution of a quarter of a degree (~28 km). Estimates are available on a daily basis over the 2000–2008 period and have been fully validated with several independent data sets. Among the full range of cross‐disciplinary applications requiring the knowledge of oceanic currents, two examples focusing on plankton dynamics resulting from an iron fertilization experiment and the mechanical action of currents on the displacement of marine animals are discussed.
Crys tal struc ture of catena[(μ3-2-pyridin-4-yl-1H-imidazole-4,5- dicarboxylate)-aqua-manganese(II)dihydrate], C10H11MnN3O7
Authors: Wu Wei , Qin Yan , Liang Peng , Yin Xian-Hong , Huang Pu-Hui 
Published: March 2013

Abstract C10H11MnN3O7, orthorhombic, Pna21 (no. 33), a = 7.861(6) A, b = 10.337(8) A, c = 15.92(1) A, V = 1293.5 A3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0481, wRref(F2) = 0.1313, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 2,3-bis(2,4-dimethylthiazole-3-yl)thiophene, C14H14N2S3
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Li Yajuan , Zhang Junna , Son Young-A , Shimada Yuta , Matsumoto Shinya 
Published: March 2013

Abstract C14H14N2S3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.3075(2) Å, b = 15.0363(4) Å, c = 11.0037(3) Å, β = 99.313(1)°, V = 1519.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0306, wRref(F2) = 0.0721, T = 296 K
International Perspectives
Authors: Bester Mary Estelle , Lovering Sandra , Arafat Layla 
Published: March 2013

The birthing experience is a universal experience but strongly influenced by the culture of the patient, health care providers, and institution. Arab Muslim patients’ spiritual and cultural values are intertwined and affect their lives, including pregnancy, labor, and neonatal care.
A review of the literature and practices within a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia describes the values of the Arab Muslim patient. The spiritual values based on Islam necessitate an understanding of practices such as using zam-zam water, praying, reading of the Qu’ran, and specific religious practices around the neonate including Adhan. Cultural practices specific to the perinatal period that need acknowledgment include the use of special phrases such as Ma’shalah, Bismi’ allah before caring for patients as protection against beliefs such as the Evil Eye.
In-Situ Tem-Investigations of Electromigration Induced Mass Transport in “Near-Bamboo” Al-Interconnects
Authors: Heinen Dirk , Schroeder Herbert , Schilling Werner 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTElectromigration(EM)-driven mass transport in “near-bamboo” Al-lines, which consist mostly of “blocking grains” is an important topic of research on ULSI-metallizations. Because the most easy diffusion path, i.e. grain boundaries parallel to the line, is suppressed in bamboo-like Al-lines other paths have to be considered. In this work two other possible paths of diffusion were examined by in-situ observations in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). For these experiments a special sample holder had to be constructed.One path is EM-driven intragranular diffusion in Al-lines. In this experiment, inert gas-filled voids with a mean diameter of about lOnm, so-called bubbles, which were created after gas implantation and annealing of the Al-lines, serve as indicators of mass (or vacancy) transport. The in-situ EM-tests reveal no intragranular void motion over a period of more than 100h at current densities of l-1.75MA/cm2 and temperatures of 150–225°C. This leads to an estimation of the maximum void diffusion velocity which was compared with calculated values of surface and volume diffusion controlled void motion, respectively. The second point of interest was the behavior of dislocations in Al-lines under an applied EM-force. The importance of their observed motion for intragranular mass transport will be discussed.
Thermal Evolution of Extrinsic Defects in Ion Implanted Silicon: Current Understanding and Modelling
Authors: Cristiano Fuccio , Colombeau Benjamin , Mauduit Bernadette de , Bonafos Caroline , Benassayag Gerard , Claverie Alain 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present an extensive study of the thermal evolution of the extended defects found in ion implanted Si as a function of annealing conditions. We will first review their structure and energetics and show that the defect kinetics can be described by an Ostwald ripening process whereby the defects exchange Si atoms and evolve in size and type to minimise their formation energy. Finally, we will present a physically based model to predict the evolution of extrinsic defects during annealing through the calculation of defect densities, size distributions, number of clustered interstitials and free-interstitial supersaturation. We will show some successful applications of our model to a variety of experimental conditions and give an example of its predictive capabilities at ultra low implantation energies.
Separation Anxiety in Children Ages 4 through 9 with Oral Clefts
Authors: Tyler Margaret C. , Wehby George L. , Robbins James M. , Damiano Peter C. 
Published: March 2013

Background Psychosocial research on children with oral clefts (OCs), i.e., clefts of the lip, palate, or lip and palate, has suggested that these children may have higher rates of anxiety in general, but overall results have been equivocal. In this study we estimated the prevalence of separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in a population-based sample of children with OCs and identified associated risk factors. Methods Parents of 279 children with OCs, identified through three state birth defect registries, responded to a postal survey that included the Separation Anxiety subscale of the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) and items regarding the child's OC and its sequelae, parent and child health, parent mental health, family structure, and socioeconomic status indicators. Associations with SA were evaluated using bivariate and multivariate statistics. Results One quarter (24%) of the children screened positive for SAD, which was substantially higher than the U.S. child population estimates of 3% to 5%. OC-related impairments in speaking and eating more than doubled the risk of SAD, as did lower socioeconomic status and lower maternal health rating. Maternal mental health and marital status remained in the logistic model but were not significant. Conclusions Children with OCs appear to be at increased risk for SAD as measured by the SCARED instrument. OC-related problems with speech and eating more than doubled the risk of SAD. The use of targeted screening tools may help refine our understanding of psychosocial adjustment in children with OCs.
Do Implant Length and Width Matter for Short Dental Implants (<10 mm)? A Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies
Authors: Monje Alberto , Fu Jia‐Hui , Chan Hsun‐Liang , Suarez Fernando , Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Catena Andrés , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2013

Background: This meta‐analysis of prospective clinical trials was conducted to determine the effects of dental implant length and width on implant survival rate of short (<10 mm) implants.Methods: An electronic search of the PubMed database for relevant studies published in English from November 1998 to March 2012 was performed. Selected studies were randomized clinical trials, human clinical trials, or prospective trials with a clear aim of investigating the success or survival rate of short (<10 mm) implants.Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were subsequently analyzed. A total of 525 short (<10 mm) dental implants were analyzed, of which 253 were 3.5 mm in diameter (48.19%), 151 were 4.0 mm (28.76%), 90 were 4.1 mm (17.14%), 21 were 4.8 mm (4%), and 10 were 5.1 mm (1.9%). All implants included in this meta‐analysis had a follow‐up period of 12 to 72 months. The included studies reported on the survival rate and diameter of the implants. Six of the studies used “short implants” (7 to 9 mm), and the remaining were classified as “extra‐short implants” (≤6 mm). Five‐year estimated failure rates were 1.61% and 2.92%, respectively, for extra‐short and short implants (z = −3.49, P <0.001, 95% confidence interval = 0.51% to 4.10%). Furthermore, it was found that the wider the implant, the higher the failure rate (estimated failure rate = 2.36%, 95% confidence interval = 1.07% to 5.23%).Conclusions: Neither implant length nor width seemed to significantly affect the survival rate of short implants (<10 mm). Nonetheless, further well‐designed randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Transferability of Genomic Simple Sequence Repeat and Expressed Sequence Tag‐Simple Sequence Repeat Markers from Sorghum to Miscanthus sinensis, a Potential Biomass Crop
Authors: Dai Lijing , Wang Bo , Zhao Hua , Peng Junhua 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTMiscanthus sinensis Andersson is a high‐yielding perennial rhizomatous biomass crop with C4 photosynthesis and an important germplasm for Miscanthus breeding. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are highly informative and widely used in many crop plants for genetic analyses and breeding applications. However, few SSR markers are available for M. sinensis research at present. In this study, 65 genomic SSR (gSSR) and 55 expressed sequence tag‐SSR (eSSR) markers covering 10 linkage groups of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] were evaluated for transferability to M. sinensis. Forty‐three (66%) gSSR and 35 (64%) eSSR markers of sorghum could amplify Miscanthus DNA and generate specific and sharp bands. In M. sinensis, the percentage of polymorphic alleles was 90.9% for gSSR and 81.5% for eSSR, indicating that gSSR revealed relatively higher polymorphism than eSSR. A moderately high genetic diversity was detected in the sample M. sinensis population. Phylogenetic tree unambiguously distinguished sorghum from M. sinensis and clustered 21 M. sinensis accessions mainly into two groups showing significant geographic substructure differentiation. Principal coordinate analysis showed similar results as the phylogenetic analysis. The transferable sorghum SSR markers tested in this study should be useful for germplasm evaluation, genetic mapping, and marker‐assisted selection of Miscanthus.
Genetic Mapping and Confirmation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Seed Protein and Oil Contents and Seed Weight in Soybean
Authors: Pathan Safiullah M. , Vuong Tri , Clark Kerry , Lee Jeong‐Dong , Shannon J. Grover , Roberts Craig A. , Ellersieck Mark R. , Burton Joseph W. , Cregan Perry B. , Hyten David L. , Nguyen Henry T. , Sleper David A. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDemand for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal has increased worldwide and soybean importers often offer premiums for soybean containing higher contents of protein and oil. Objectives were to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with soybean seed protein, oil, and seed weight in a soybean mapping population and confirm detected QTL across genetic backgrounds and environments. Two populations of 216 and 156 recombinant inbred lines were developed from Magellan × PI 438489B and Magellan × PI 567516C crosses, respectively, and grown in two Missouri environments in 2008. More than 900 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used for mapping in each population. Across environments and genetic backgrounds, we have identified seven QTL for protein, six for oil, and four for seed weight. Two QTL were detected in common for protein and oil, one on chromosome (Chr.) 5 and another on Chr. 6. Additionally, we have detected one new seed weight QTL on Chr. 6, in the same region of protein and oil QTL. Confirmed protein and oil QTL on Chrs. 5 and 6 may be important targets to find candidate genes involved in modification of protein and oil contents and seed weight using genetic and genomic approaches. Also, SSR and SNP markers closely associated with these QTL can be useful for marker‐assisted selection.
Foliar Absorption of Various Inorganic and Organic Nitrogen Sources by Creeping Bentgrass
Authors: Stiegler J. Chris , Richardson Michael D. , Karcher Douglas E. , Roberts Trenton L. , Norman Richard J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTFoliar N fertilization often makes up a major portion of the total N inputs applied to creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) golf greens. Many such applications are made using fertilizers that have been formulated and marketed as specialty foliar fertilizers. Various forms of inorganic and organic N are included in these specialty products. However, little is currently known about the foliar absorption efficiency among different chemical N forms routinely applied to putting greens. This project was conducted to evaluate the foliar uptake of N from several 15N‐labeled inorganic and organic sources. Three common N fertilizer forms {urea (NH2CONH2), ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4], and potassium nitrate (KNO3)} were used in the trial along with three amino acids (glycine, l‐glutamic acid, and l‐proline). All treatments were applied at a rate of 0.5 g N m⁻2 on 18 Sept. 2008, 14 Oct. 2008, and 24 June 2010 to plots within a ‘Penn G2’ creeping bentgrass research green. Plant tissue samples were taken 1 and 8 h after application for N analysis. Foliar uptake of the various N compounds ranged from 31 to 56% of the N applied at the final sampling time of 8 h after application. Nitrogen source had a significant effect on the amount of N fertilizer recovered within plant leaves and shoots. Foliar absorption of KNO3 into aerial plant parts was lower than most of the chemical forms tested while most of the compounds supplied N to the plant in similar proportions.
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and Medical Conditions Associated with Urinary Citrate Excretion
Authors: Mandel Ernest I. , Taylor Eric N. , Curhan Gary C. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Lower urinary citrate excretion is a risk factor for nephrolithiasis and associated with metabolic acidosis and higher prevalence of hypertension and insulin resistance. This study sought to quantify the independent predictors of urinary citrate excretion in population-based cohorts.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A cross-sectional study of 2561 individuals from the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study and Nurses’ Health Studies I and II who provided two 24-hour urine collections was conducted. Dietary data were ascertained from the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Lifestyle and disease data were derived from responses to biennial questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression was used to quantify the predictors of urinary citrate excretion.

Results
After adjusting for age, urinary creatinine, dietary, and other factors, higher intake of nondairy animal protein (per 10 g/d; −20 mg/d; 95% confidence interval [−29 to −11]), higher body mass index (per 1 kg/m2; −4 mg/d; [−6 to −2]), and history of nephrolithiasis (−57 mg/d; [−79 to −36]), hypertension (−95 mg/d; [−119 to −71]), gout (−104 mg/d; [−155 to −54]), and thiazide use (−34 mg/d; [−68 to −1]) were independently associated with lower 24-hour urinary citrate excretion. Higher intake of potassium (per 1000 mg/d; 53 mg/d; [33 to 74]), higher urinary sodium (per 100 mEq/d; 56 mg/d; [31 to 80]), and history of diabetes (61 mg/d; [21 to 100]) were independently associated with higher citrate excretion.

Conclusions
Several dietary and lifestyle factors and medical conditions are independently associated with urinary citrate excretion.
Diversity of the Larval Cranial Setae in Palaearctic Notodontidae (Noctuoidea) and and their Taxonomic Distribution
Authors: Dolinskaya I. V. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Larval cranial setae of each larval instar of 66 species belonging to 35 genera of Palaeartic Notodontid moths from Ukraine and Far East of Russia (Primorskii krai) was examined with the use of a scanning electron microscope. A comparison with outgroup species - Lasiocampoidea (Lasiocampidae), Sphingoidea (Sphingidae) and Noctuoidea (Erebidae: Lymantriinae, Arctiinae; Noctuidae) is conducted. Main kinds of setae during larval development and their transformation are discussed. Possible apomorphic and plesiomorphic states of the different characters are discussed in relation to the different taxa.
Risk factors of aseptic bone resorption: a study after autologous bone flap reinsertion due to decompressive craniotomy
Authors: Dünisch Pedro , Walter Jan , Sakr Yasser , Kalff Rolf , Waschke Albrecht , Ewald Christian 
Published: March 2013

Object
In patients who have undergone decompressive craniectomy, autologous bone flap reinsertion becomes necessary whenever the cerebral situation has consolidated. However, aseptic necrosis of the bone flap remains a concern. The aim of this study was to report possible perioperative complications in patients undergoing autologous bone flap reinsertion and to identify the risk factors that may predispose the bone flap to necrosis.

Methods
All patients admitted to the authors' neurosurgical department between September 1994 and June 2011 and who received their own cryoconserved bone flap after decompressive craniectomy were studied. The grade of the bone flap necrosis was classified into 2 types. Type II bone necrosis was characterized by aseptic resorption with circumscribed or complete lysis of tabula interna and externa requiring surgical revision. To define predisposing factors, a multivariate analysis was performed using bone necrosis as the dependent variable.

Results
Among the 372 patients (mean age 48.6 years, 57.4% males) who received 414 bone flaps during the observation period, 134 (36.0%) had a diffuse traumatic brain injury, 69 (18.5%) had subarachnoid hemorrhage, 58 (15.6%) had cerebral infarction, 56 (15.1%) had extraaxial bleeding, 43 (11.6%) had intracerebral bleeding, and 12 (3.2%) had a neoplasm. Surgical relevant Type II bone flap necrosis occurred in 85 patients (22.8%) and 91 bone flaps, after a median time of 15 months (interquartile range [IQR], 10–33 months). In a multivariate analysis with Type II necrosis as the dependent variable, bone flap fragmentation with 2 (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.59–7.01, p < 0.002) or more fragments (OR 24.00, 95% CI 10.13–56.84, p < 0.001), shunt-dependent hydrocephalus (OR 1.76, 95% CI 0.99–3.12, p = 0.04), and a younger age (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–0.99, p = 0.004) was associated with a higher risk for the development of an aseptic bone flap necrosis.

Conclusions
In patients undergoing bone flap reinsertion after craniotomy, aseptic bone necrosis is an underestimated problem during long-term follow-up. Especially in younger patients with an expected good neurological recovery and a fragmented bone flap, an initial allograft should be considered because of an increased risk for aseptic bone flap necrosis.