bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to Choose Core Outcome Measurement Sets for Clinical Trials: OMERACT 11 Approves Filter 2.0
Authors: Boers Maarten , Kirwan John R. , Gossec Laure , Conaghan Philip G. , D’Agostino Maria-Antonietta , Bingham Clifton O. , Brooks Peter M. , Landewé Robert , March Lyn , Simon Lee , Singh Jasvinder A. , Strand Vibeke , Wells George A. , Tugwell Peter 
Published: March 2014

Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) initiative works to develop core sets of outcome measures for trials and observational studies in rheumatology. At the OMERACT 11 meeting, substantial time was devoted to discussing a conceptual framework and a proposal for a more explicit working process to develop what we now propose to term core outcome measurement sets, collectively termed “OMERACT Filter 2.0.”Methods.Preconference work included a literature review, and discussion of preliminary proposals through face-to-face discussions and Internet-based surveys with people within and outside rheumatology. At the conference, 5 interactive sessions comprising plenary and small-group discussions reflected on the proposals from the viewpoint of previous and ongoing OMERACT work. These considerations were brought together in a final OMERACT presentation seeking consensus agreement for the Filter 2.0 framework.Results.After debate, clarification, and agreed alterations, the final proposal suggested all core sets should contain at least 1 measurement instrument from 3 Core Areas: Death, Life Impact, and Pathophysiological Manifestations, and preferably 1 from the area Resource Use. The process of core set development for a health condition starts by selecting core domains within the areas (“core domain set”). This requires literature searches, involvement (especially of patients), and at least 1 consensus process. Next, developers select at least 1 applicable measurement instrument for each core domain. Applicability refers to the original OMERACT Filter and means that the instrument must be truthful (face, content, and construct validity), discriminative (between situations of interest) and feasible (understandable and with acceptable time and monetary costs). Depending on the quality of the instruments, participants formulate either a preliminary or a final “core outcome measurement set.” At final vote, 96% of participants agreed “The proposed overall framework for Filter 2.0 is a suitable basis on which to elaborate a Filter 2.0 Handbook.”Conclusion.Within OMERACT, Filter 2.0 has made established working processes more explicit and includes a broadly endorsed conceptual framework for core outcome measurement set development.
Protective Immunity and Defects in the Neonatal and Elderly Immune Response to Sepsis
Authors: Gentile Lori F. , Nacionales Dina C. , Lopez M. Cecilia , Vanzant Erin , Cuenca Angela , Cuenca Alex G. , Ungaro Ricardo , Szpila Ben E. , Larson Shawn , Joseph Anna , Moore Frederick A. , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Baker Henry V. , Moldawer Lyle L. , Efron Philip A. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Populations encompassing extremes of age, including neonates and elderly, have greater mortality from sepsis. We propose that the increased mortality observed in the neonatal and elderly populations after sepsis is due to fundamental differences in host-protective immunity and is manifested at the level of the leukocyte transcriptome. Neonatal (5–7 d), young adult (6–12 wk), or elderly (20–24 mo) mice underwent a cecal slurry model of intra-abdominal sepsis. Both neonatal and elderly mice exhibited significantly greater mortality to sepsis (p &lt; 0.05). Neonates in particular exhibited significant attenuation of their inflammatory response (p &lt; 0.05), as well as reductions in cell recruitment and reactive oxygen species production (both p &lt; 0.05), all of which could be confirmed at the level of the leukocyte transcriptome. In contrast, elderly mice were also more susceptible to abdominal peritonitis, but this was associated with no significant differences in the magnitude of the inflammatory response, reduced bacterial killing (p &lt; 0.05), reduced early myeloid cell activation (p &lt; 0.05), and a persistent inflammatory response that failed to resolve. Interestingly, elderly mice expressed a persistent inflammatory and immunosuppressive response at the level of the leukocyte transcriptome, with failure to return to baseline by 3 d. This study reveals that neonatal and elderly mice have profoundly different responses to sepsis that are manifested at the level of their circulating leukocyte transcriptome, although the net result of increased mortality is similar. Considering these differences are fundamental aspects of the genomic response to sepsis, interventional therapies will require individualization based on the age of the population.
Aspergillus and Fusarium Corneal Infections Are Regulated by Th17 Cells and IL-17–Producing Neutrophils
Authors: Taylor Patricia R. , Leal Sixto M. , Sun Yan , Pearlman Eric 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Fusarium and Aspergillus species of mold are major causes of corneal infections in the United States and worldwide, resulting in severe visual impairment and blindness. As there is evidence for T cell responses to these pathogenic fungi in infected individuals, we examined the role of IL-17A (IL-17) and IFN-γ in murine models of fungal keratitis. We found that C57BL/6 mice given intratracheal or s.c. immunization of conidia prior to corneal infection exhibited enhanced fungal killing and lower corneal opacity compared with unimmunized mice. Protective immunity was associated with temporal recruitment of IL-17–producing neutrophils and Th17 and Th1 cells and dependent on production of IL-17 but not IFN-γ. Protection was also impaired in neutrophil-depleted and Rag2−/− mice. Together, the results of these studies identify an essential role for IL-17–producing neutrophils and Th17 cells in regulating the growth of fungal hyphae and the severity of corneal disease.
Oxypurinol Directly and Immediately Activates the Drug-Specific T Cells via the Preferential Use of HLA-B*58:01
Authors: Yun James , Marcaida Maria J. , Eriksson Klara K. , Jamin Heidi , Fontana Stefano , Pichler Werner J. , Yerly Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAllopurinol (ALP) hypersensitivity is a major cause of severe cutaneous adverse reactions and is strongly associated with the HLA-B*58:01 allele. However, it can occur in the absence of this allele with identical clinical manifestations. The immune mechanism of ALP-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions is poorly understood, and the T cell–reactivity pattern in patients with or without the HLA-B*58:01 allele is not known. To understand the interactions among the drug, HLA, and TCR, we generated T cell lines that react to ALP or its metabolite oxypurinol (OXP) from HLA-B*58:01+ and HLA-B*58:01− donors and assessed their reactivity. ALP/OXP-specific T cells reacted immediately to the addition of the drugs and bypassed intracellular Ag processing, which is consistent with the “pharmacological interaction with immune receptors” (p-i) concept. This direct activation occurred regardless of HLA-B*58:01 status. Although most OXP-specific T cells from HLA-B*58:01+ donors were restricted by the HLA-B*58:01 molecule for drug recognition, ALP-specific T cells also were restricted to other MHC class I molecules. This can be explained by in silico docking data that suggest that OXP binds to the peptide-binding groove of HLA-B*58:01 with higher affinity. The ensuing T cell responses elicited by ALP or OXP were not limited to particular TCR Vβ repertoires. We conclude that the drug-specific T cells are activated by OXP bound to HLA-B*58:01 through the p-i mechanism.
NOD2 Regulates CXCR3-Dependent CD8+ T Cell Accumulation in Intestinal Tissues with Acute Injury
Authors: Wu Xingxin , Lahiri Amit , Haines G. Kenneth , Flavell Richard A. , Abraham Clara 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Polymorphisms in NOD2 confer risk for Crohn’s disease, characterized by intestinal inflammation. How NOD2 regulates both inflammatory and regulatory intestinal T cells, which are critical to intestinal immune homeostasis, is not well understood. Anti-CD3 mAb administration is used as therapy in human autoimmune diseases, as well as a model of transient intestinal injury. The stages of T cell activation, intestinal injury, and subsequent T tolerance are dependent on migration of T cells into the small intestinal (SI) lamina propria. Upon anti-CD3 mAb treatment of mice, we found that NOD2 was required for optimal small intestinal IL-10 production, in particular from CD8+ T cells. This requirement was associated with a critical role for NOD2 in SI CD8+ T cell accumulation and induction of the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10, which regulate T cell migration. NOD2 was required in both the hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic compartments for optimal expression of CXCR3 ligands in intestinal tissues. NOD2 synergized with IFN-γ to induce CXCL9 and CXCL10 secretion in dendritic cells, macrophages, and intestinal stromal cells in vitro. Consistent with the in vitro studies, during anti-CD3 mAb treatment in vivo, CXCR3 blockade, CD8+ T cell depletion, or IFN-γ neutralization each inhibited SI CD8+ T cell recruitment, and reduced chemokine expression and IL-10 expression. Thus, NOD2 synergizes with IFN-γ to promote CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression, thereby amplifying CXCR3-dependent SI CD8+ T cell migration during T cell activation, which, in turn, contributes to induction of both inflammatory and regulatory T cell outcomes in the intestinal environment.
The Degree of CD4+ T Cell Autoreactivity Determines Cellular Pathways Underlying Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Perng Olivia A. , Aitken Malinda , Rankin Andrew L. , Garcia Victoria , Kropf Elizabeth , Erikson Jan , Garlick David S. , Caton Andrew J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Although therapies targeting distinct cellular pathways (e.g., anticytokine versus anti–B cell therapy) have been found to be an effective strategy for at least some patients with inflammatory arthritis, the mechanisms that determine which pathways promote arthritis development are poorly understood. We have used a transgenic mouse model to examine how variations in the CD4+ T cell response to a surrogate self-peptide can affect the cellular pathways that are required for arthritis development. CD4+ T cells that are highly reactive with the self-peptide induce inflammatory arthritis that affects male and female mice equally. Arthritis develops by a B cell–independent mechanism, although it can be suppressed by an anti-TNF treatment, which prevented the accumulation of effector CD4+ Th17 cells in the joints of treated mice. By contrast, arthritis develops with a significant female bias in the context of a more weakly autoreactive CD4+ T cell response, and B cells play a prominent role in disease pathogenesis. In this setting of lower CD4+ T cell autoreactivity, B cells promote the formation of autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells (including Th17 cells), and IL-17 is required for arthritis development. These studies show that the degree of CD4+ T cell reactivity for a self-peptide can play a prominent role in determining whether distinct cellular pathways can be targeted to prevent the development of inflammatory arthritis.
Behavior of Ultrafine versus Superfine Powders in a Binary‐Mixture Semi‐Batch Circulating Fluidized Bed
Authors: Abdelghany Emad A. M. , Abdelkareem Mohammad A. , Mahmoud Ibrahim H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe solid circulation rates of a binary mixture of ultrafine or superfine Al(OH)3 powders and fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) particles were investigated in a semi‐batch circulating fluidized bed. The circulation rates were measured at different loadings of fine powders and different equilibrium water contents of the FCC particles. At a certain loading of ultrafine powders, the circulation rates were much smaller than in the presence of the superfine powders. The circulation rates were controlled by the strong cohesive property of the ultrafine powders, irrespective of the water contents of the FCC particles. Slight increases in the circulation rates were observed during fluidization of the ultrafine powders, even at higher equilibrium water contents of the FCC particles.
Multi‐Stage Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction for the Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Eggersgluess Jan K. , Richter Michael , Dieterle Michael , Strube Jochen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUsing monoclonal antibodies in a cell culture harvest as an example for complex biomolecules, a mini‐plant‐scale aqueous two‐phase purification process was studied. The results of this study indicate that antibodies can be concentrated and purified in a single extraction step employing a small phase ratio. Following the extraction step, a multi‐stage wash‐extraction for further purification was investigated. Starting at a test tube‐scale cross‐current wash, the process was advanced towards a continuous counter‐current mixer‐settler and column wash process. It was shown that a test tube cross‐current extraction operation can predict the multi‐stage purity reasonably well. The hydrodynamic process performance for the multi‐stage wash column was evaluated and related to the separation performance.
Pressure Drop Models for Gas/Non‐Newtonian Power‐Law Fluids Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Xu Jing‐yu , Gao Meng‐chen , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractModels commonly used in literature are evaluated versus 696 data points to predict the pressure drop of gas/non‐Newtonian power‐law fluids flow in horizontal pipes. Suitable models are recommended. A new correlation is developed by ignoring the pressure drop across the gas slug and adopting the liquid slug holdup of gas/non‐Newtonian fluid flow into the homogeneous model. The theoretical curves can capture the test data trends and the overall agreement of predicted values with experimental data is sufficient to be practically applied in industry.
Unpromoted and Mn‐Promoted Cobalt Catalyst Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Rose Amadeus , Thiessen Johannes , Jess Andreas , Curulla‐Ferré Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractLangmuir‐Hinselwood (LH) and power rate equations were applied to describe the kinetics of the Fischer‐Tropsch reaction on cobalt catalysts and manganese‐doped cobalt catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). LH‐based kinetics characterize the activity behavior of the unpromoted Co/CNT system satisfactorily, but fail with respect to the manganese‐promoted Co/CNT catalyst. An alternative LH equation is able to fit the experimental data, but the fitting parameters are out of the range of usual values and underrate the activity at ambient pressure regardless of manganese promotion. Application of power law rate expressions results in satisfying characterization of the kinetics in the whole CO pressure range in the promoted case and within a defined range of CO pressure in the unpromoted case.
Recommendations for scale‐up of community‐based misoprostol distribution programs
Authors: Robinson Nuriya , Kapungu Chisina , Carnahan Leslie , Geller Stacie 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCommunity‐based distribution of misoprostol for prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in resource‐poor settings has been shown to be safe and effective. However, global recommendations for prenatal distribution and monitoring within a community setting are not yet available. In order to successfully translate misoprostol and PPH research into policy and practice, several critical points must be considered. A focus on engaging the community, emphasizing the safe nature of community‐based misoprostol distribution, supply chain management, effective distribution, coverage, and monitoring plans are essential elements to community‐based misoprostol program introduction, expansion, or scale‐up.
Heat shock induces expression of OSTC/DC2, a novel subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Chen Chien‐Ming , Tseng Chao‐Neng , Cho Jonathan J. , Lee Ya‐Zhe , Kao Chiu‐Li , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Hong Yi‐Ren , Cho Chung‐Lung 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMammalian oligosaccharyltransferase complex subunit OSTC/DC2 protein has recently been shown to be a new subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase; however, its physiological role is still unclear. Here, we report the expression pattern of OSTC/DC2 protein in the context of heat shock stress. Its upregulation was detected both in cells treated with heat shock in vitro and in an animal model of heat shock in vivo. Northern blot analysis indicated that OSTC/DC2 mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in various human tissues, with abundant expression in the placenta and liver. The temporal changes of OSTC/DC2 protein expression following acute heat shock in human malignant glioblastoma cell line U87MG and mice were analyzed by Western blot assay. In general, expression of OSTC/DC2 protein was elevated after heat shock; however, the time courses of the change of OSTC/DC2 protein expression varied in different tissues. In the cerebellum, heat shock induction of OSTC/DC2 protein and activation of AKT, a key regulator of stress response, followed a similar time course. These results suggest that the upregulation of OSTC/DC2, a novel component of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, is part of the mammalian heat shock response.
Poststroke Shoulder Pain and Its Association With Upper Extremity Sensorimotor Function, Daily Hand Activities, Perceived Participation, and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Lindgren Ingrid , Brogårdh Christina 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the differences in upper extremity sensorimotor function, daily hand activities, and perceived participation and life satisfaction between individuals with and without poststroke shoulder pain (PSSP), and to determine how PSSP is associated with these variables.DesignA cross‐sectional study of a convenience sample.ParticipantsForty‐nine community‐dwelling individuals (mean ± standard deviation [SD] age, 64 ± 9 years), 24 with PSSP and 25 without (non‐PSSP) were assessed, in mean ± SD 15 ± 8 months after stroke.MethodsUpper extremity sensorimotor function was assessed, and daily hand activities, perceived participation, and life satisfaction were reported. Demographics were described, and shoulder pain characteristics were recorded in the PSSP group. Between‐group differences and regression analyses were conducted.ResultsThe PSSP group had significantly decreased passive shoulder abduction (P = .001) and upper extremity motor function (P = .03) in comparison with the non‐PSSP group, but there were no significant differences between the groups in daily hand activities, perceived participation, or life satisfaction. In the multivariate analyses, PSSP (odds ratio [OR] 4.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.21‐16.24]; P = .03) and proprioception (OR 10.28 [95% CI, 1.1‐96.01]; P = .04) were associated with upper extremity motor function, whereas perceived participation was associated with life satisfaction (OR 1.08 [95% CI, 1.03‐1.13]; P = .002). Passive shoulder abduction, resistance to passive movements, and proprioception explained 45% of variance of daily hand activities, whereas daily hand activities, vocational situation, and gender explained 40% of variance of perceived participation.ConclusionsThis cross‐sectional study indicated that there is an association between PSSP and upper extremity motor function, whereas the association between PSSP, daily hand activities, perceived participation, and life satisfaction is less clear. PSSP is commonly described as a severely disabling condition, but our results imply that, in individuals with mild‐to‐moderate upper extremity paresis, it may not have a great impact on their life situation.
Global integrated drought monitoring and prediction system
Authors: Hao Zengchao , AghaKouchak Amir , Nakhjiri Navid , Farahmand Alireza 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDrought is by far the most costly natural disaster that can lead to widespread impacts, including water and food crises. Here we present data sets available from the Global Integrated Drought Monitoring and Prediction System (GIDMaPS), which provides drought information based on multiple drought indicators. The system provides meteorological and agricultural drought information based on multiple satellite-, and model-based precipitation and soil moisture data sets. GIDMaPS includes a near real-time monitoring component and a seasonal probabilistic prediction module. The data sets include historical drought severity data from the monitoring component, and probabilistic seasonal forecasts from the prediction module. The probabilistic forecasts provide essential information for early warning, taking preventive measures, and planning mitigation strategies. GIDMaPS data sets are a significant extension to current capabilities and data sets for global drought assessment and early warning. The presented data sets would be instrumental in reducing drought impacts especially in developing countries. Our results indicate that GIDMaPS data sets reliably captured several major droughts from across the globe.
No Association of Plasma Levels of Adiponectin and c-peptide with Risk of Aggressive Prostate Cancer in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort
Authors: Stevens Victoria L. , Jacobs Eric J. , Sun Juzhong , Gapstur Susan M. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background: Obesity is associated with a higher risk of aggressive prostate cancer and alters circulating levels of insulin and adiponectin, two hormones that influence biologic processes implicated in carcinogenesis. Results of some studies showed associations of circulating levels of adiponectin, insulin, and c-peptide (a marker of insulin secretion) with aggressive prostate cancer, but the size of these studies was limited.
Methods: A nested case–control study of 272 aggressive prostate cancer cases [Gleason score ≥7 (4+3) or T3-T4] and 272 age- and race-matched controls from the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort was conducted to determine the associations of prediagnostic plasma levels of c-peptide and adiponectin with risk of aggressive prostate cancer.
Results: Neither circulating adiponectin nor c-peptide was associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer. In analyses of the highest-risk aggressive prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥8 or T3-T4), the highest quartile of c-peptide, compared with the lowest, was associated with an OR of 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.72–2.78].
Conclusions: Our findings provide no support for the hypothesis that adiponectin is associated with risk of aggressive prostate cancer but a possible association of high levels of c-peptide with particularly high-risk prostate cancer cannot be ruled out.
Impact: These results indicate that changes in circulating levels of adiponectin and c-peptide do not play an important role in risk of aggressive prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 890–2. ©2014 AACR.