bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How We Hurt The Ones We Love
Authors: Albrecht Ingrid V. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractParadoxically, the practical necessity of love seems to combine the personal character of psychological necessity with the inescapable and authoritative quality of moral necessity. Traditionally, philosophers have avoided this paradox by treating love as an amalgam of impersonal evaluative judgments and affective responses. On my account, love participates in a different form of practical necessity, one characterized by a non‐moral yet normative type of expectation. This expectation is best understood as a kind of second‐personal address that does not support derivative third‐personal demands. It is revealed when we react with hurt feelings instead of resentment upon its disappointment.
Exploring the link between maternal attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance and mindful parenting: The mediating role of self‐compassion
Authors: Moreira Helena , Carona Carlos , Silva Neuza , Nunes Joana , Canavarro Maria Cristina 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveMindful parenting has been described as a set of parental practices or skills that seek to enhance moment‐to‐moment awareness in the parent–child relationship. Although it has been suggested that adopting a mindful approach in parenting may foster positive parent–child relationships and promote the psychological functioning of children and parents, little is known about the factors that may be associated with this parental skill. In this study, we aimed to examine whether attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance were associated with mindful parenting through self‐compassion.Design and methodsThe sample included 290 mothers of school‐aged children and adolescents recruited in school settings, who completed self‐reported measures of adult attachment (Experiences in Close Relationships – Relationships Structures), self‐compassion (Self‐compassion Scale), and mindful parenting (Interpersonal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale).ResultsStructural equation modelling was used to test the proposed mediation model and to ascertain direct and indirect effects among study variables. Whereas attachment avoidance had a direct effect on mindful parenting, attachment anxiety was indirectly associated with mindful parenting through self‐compassion. Specifically, higher levels of anxiety were associated with lower self‐compassion, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of mindful parenting. Higher levels of avoidance were directly associated with lower levels of mindful parenting.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that mothers’ attachment dimensions play an important role in their levels of mindful parenting, although through different pathways. Interventions aimed at promoting mindful parenting skills should attempt to promote parents’ self‐compassion and consider parents’ levels of attachment insecurity.Practitioner points

The results underline the important role of mothers’ attachment on levels of mindful parenting and evidence different pathways through which attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance are associated with this parental skill.

Higher levels of attachment avoidance were directly associated with lower levels of mindful parenting, whereas higher levels of anxiety were indirectly associated with lower levels of mindful parenting through lower levels of self‐compassion.

Mothers who are more self‐compassionate are more able to adopt a mindful stance in the parent–child relationship.

Parenting interventions aimed at promoting mindfulness skills in the parenting context can benefit from including self‐compassionate exercises and are particularly important for insecurely attached parents.
Lights Out and an Ethics of Spectatorship, or Can the Subaltern Scream?
Authors: Lieder K. Frances 
Published: October 2015

In her seminal work on the body in pain, Elaine Scarry theorizes a chasm of incommunicability between the person in pain and other persons to whom she might try to communicate that pain. This chasm suggests that any performative representation of pain will not only be incapable of capturing the experience of the original person in pain, but will also always‐already be incapable of communicating the nature of that experience to an audience. For those who hope that performances, both live and mediated, can help to communicate across lines of gender, class, culture, and life experience, to promote intercultural understanding and international social justice, this chasm of incommunicability seems potentially dangerous—and potentially productive. One cannot know exactly the pain of another, regardless of similarity or difference, and so one must find other ways to affectively empathize with the experience of pain.In this paper, I examine the play Lights Out, by Manjula Padmanabhan, with a specific eye to how this play might provide us with a new argument for ethically witnessing the pain of others. Lights Out is centered on an “Other”, her experience of pain, and her desperate plea for help. This cry for help is concretized in the screams of that woman (who, importantly, never appears on‐stage) who is being gang‐raped in the abandoned apartment building directly next‐door to the building in which the play is set. Can this woman's scream create a space in which she can represent herself? Can we apply an analysis of her scream to a larger historiographical project? By connecting theories of ethical encounters with the other, voice, subaltern studies, and affective response, I argue for the importance of the expression of pain in creating the potential for subaltern representation and ethical response.
In Situ Photo Sonosynthesis of Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites on Wool Fabric Introducing Multifunctional Properties
Authors: Behzadnia Amir , Montazer Majid , Mahmoudi Rad Mahnaz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHere, a novel and efficient process is introduced for producing wool fabric with multifunctional features through facile in situ photosonochemical synthesis of organic/inorganic nanocomposites. The fabric was treated with titanium isopropoxide, silver nitrate and ammonia in a sonobath for 1 h at 75–80°C. The crystal phase of the sono‐treated samples was characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The uniform distribution of the nanocomposite on the fiber surface was proved by field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray and mapping patterns. Further, the composition of the nanocomposites was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The sono‐treated wool fabrics illustrated excellent photocatalytic activities toward discoloration of Methylene Blue under sunlight and UV‐A irradiation. Also the fabrics indicated reasonable antibacterial/antifungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The tensile properties of the sono‐treated fabrics enhanced comparing to the untreated and even conventional stirrer‐treated fabrics. Moreover, a central composite design based on response surface methodology was used to study the influence of titanium isopropoxide and silver molar ratio on the prepared nanocomposites sonobath. Finally, the optimum molar ratio was reported for the best responses.
Polymicrobial community‐acquired pneumonia: An emerging entity
Authors: Cillóniz Catia , Civljak Rok , Nicolini Antonello , Torres Antoni 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPolymicrobial aetiology in community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is more common than previously recognized. This growing new entity can influence inflammation, host immunity and disease outcomes in CAP patients. However, the true incidence is complicated to determine and probably underestimated due mainly to many cases going undetected, particularly in the outpatient setting, as the diagnostic yield is restricted by the sensitivity of currently available microbiologic tests and the ability to get certain types of clinical specimens. The observed rate of polymicrobial cases may also lead to new antibiotic therapy considerations. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, microbial interactions in pneumonia, epidemiology, biomarkers and antibiotic therapy for polymicrobial CAP.
An Immune Genetic Algorithm to Buildings Displacement in Cartographic Generalization
Authors: Sun Yageng , Guo Qingsheng , Liu Yuangang , Ma Xiaoya , Weng Jie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpatial conflicts may occur when map data are displayed at a scale smaller than that of the source map. This study applies the displacement operator in cartographic generalization to resolve such spatial conflicts and to improve the clarity and legibility of map. The immune genetic algorithm (IGA) is used in this study for buildings displacement to solve conflicts. IGA is based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and employs the self‐adjusting mechanism of antibody concentration to enhance population diversity. Meanwhile, the elitism retention strategy is adopted in IGA to guarantee that the best individual (antibody) is not lost and destroyed in the next generation to strengthen convergence efficiency. The compared experiment between IGA and GA shows that the displacement result produced by IGA performs better than GA. Finally, in order to make the displaced map more attractive to cartographers, two constraints – the building alignment constraint and building tangent relation constraint – are applied in IGA to restrict the buildings’ displacement. The same experimental data are adopted to prove that the improved IGA is useful for maintaining the two constraints.
Ketamine suppresses hypoxia‐induced inflammatory responses in the late‐gestation ovine fetal kidney cortex
Authors: Chang Eileen I. , Zárate Miguel A. , Rabaglino Maria B. , Richards Elaine M. , Keller‐Wood Maureen , Wood Charles E. 
Published: October 2015

Key points
The fetus responds to decreases in arterial partial pressure of oxygen by redirecting the blood flow mainly to the brain and the heart, at a cost to other peripheral organs like the kidneys.
Renal hypoxia and ischaemia stimulate inflammatory and apoptotic responses.
Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is able to reduce renal immune and inflammatory gene expressions stimulated by hypoxia.
Ketamine may have therapeutic potential for protection against ischaemic renal damage in fetuses subjected to acute hypoxia.
AbstractAcute fetal hypoxia is a form of fetal stress that stimulates renal vasoconstriction and ischaemia as a consequence of the physiological redistribution of combined ventricular output. Because of the potential ischaemia–reperfusion injury to the kidney, we hypothesized that it would respond to hypoxia with an increase in the expression of inflammatory genes, and that ketamine (an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist) would reduce or block this response. Hypoxia was induced for 30 min in chronically catheterized fetal sheep (125 ± 3 days), with or without ketamine (3 mg kg−1) administered intravenously to the fetus 10 min prior to hypoxia. Gene expression in fetal kidney cortex collected 24 h after the onset of hypoxia was analysed using ovine Agilent 15.5k array and validated with qPCR and immunohistochemistry in four groups of ewes: normoxic control, normoxia + ketamine, hypoxic control and hypoxia + ketamine (n = 3–4 per group). Significant differences in gene expression between groups were determined with t‐statistics using the limma package for R (P ≤ 0.05). Enriched biological processes for the 427 upregulated genes were immune and inflammatory responses and for the 946 downregulated genes were metabolic processes. Ketamine countered the effects of hypoxia on upregulated immune/inflammatory responses as well as the downregulated metabolic responses. We conclude that our transcriptomics modelling predicts that hypoxia activates inflammatory pathways and reduces metabolism in the fetal kidney cortex, and ketamine blocks or ameliorates this response. The results suggest that ketamine may have therapeutic potential for protection from ischaemic renal damage.
The role of cyclo‐oxygenase‐1 in high‐salt diet‐induced microvascular dysfunction in humans
Authors: Cavka Ana , Cosic Anita , Jukic Ivana , Jelakovic Bojan , Lombard Julian H. , Phillips Shane A. , Seric Vatroslav , Mihaljevic Ivan , Drenjancevic Ines 
Published: October 2015

Key points
Recent studies have shown that some of the deleterious effects of a high‐salt (HS) diet are independent of elevated blood pressure and are associated with impaired endothelial function.
Increased generation of cyclo‐oxygenase (COX‐1 and COX‐2)‐derived vasoconstrictor factors and endothelial activation may contribute to impaired vascular relaxation during HS loading.
The present study aimed to assess the regulation of microvascular reactivity and to clarify the role of COX‐1 and COX‐2 in normotensive subjects on a short‐term HS diet.
The present study demonstrates the important role of COX‐1 derived vasoconstrictor metabolites in regulation of microvascular blood flow during a HS diet.
These results help to explain how even short‐term HS diets may impact upon microvascular reactivity without changes in blood pressure and suggest that a vasoconstrictor metabolite of COX‐1 could play a role in this impaired tissue blood flow.
AbstractThe present study aimed to assess the effect of a 1‐week high‐salt (HS) diet on the role of cyclo‐oxygenases (COX‐1 and COX‐2) and the vasoconstrictor prostaglandins, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), on skin microcirculatory blood flow, as well as to detect its effect on markers of endothelial activation such as soluble cell adhesion molecules. Young women (n = 54) were assigned to either the HS diet group (N = 30) (∼14 g day–1 NaCl ) or low‐salt (LS) diet group (N = 24) (<2.3 g day–1 NaCl ) for 7 days. Post‐occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) in the skin microcirculation was assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. Plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, plasma and 24 h urine sodium and potassium, plasma concentrations of TXB2 (stable TXA2 metabolite) and PGF2α, soluble cell adhesion molecules and blood pressure were measured before and after the diet protocols. One HS diet group subset received 100 mg of indomethacin (non‐selective COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibitor), and another HS group subset received 200 mg of celecoxib (selective COX‐2 inhibitor) before repeating laser Doppler flowmetry measurements. Blood pressure was unchanged after the HS diet, although it significantly reduced after the LS diet. Twenty‐four hour urinary sodium was increased, and plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone levels were decreased after the HS diet. The HS diet significantly impaired PORH and increased TXA2 but did not change PGF2α levels. Indomethacin restored microcirculatory blood flow and reduced TXA2. By contrast, celecoxib decreased TXA2 levels but had no significant effects on blood flow. Restoration of of PORH by indomethacin during a HS diet suggests an important role of COX‐1 derived vasoconstrictor metabolites in the regulation of microvascular blood flow during HS intake.
A Novel Bacteriophage Targeting Cronobacter sakazakii Is a Potential Biocontrol Agent in Foods
Authors: Lee Ju-Hoon , Bai Jaewoo , Shin Hakdong , Kim Yeran , Park Bookyung , Heu Sunggi , Ryu Sangryeol 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Cronobacter sakazakii
is an important pathogen that causes high mortality in infants. Due to its occasional antibiotic resistance, a bacteriophage approach might be an alternative effective method for the control of this pathogen. To develop a novel biocontrol agent using bacteriophages, the
C. sakazakii-
infecting phage CR5 was newly isolated and characterized. Interestingly, this phage exhibited efficient and relatively durable host lysis activity. In addition, a specific gene knockout study and subsequent complementation experiment revealed that this phage infected the host strain using the bacterial flagella. The complete genome sequence analysis of phage CR5 showed that its genome contains 223,989 bp of DNA, including 231 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), and it has a G+C content of 50.06%. The annotated ORFs were classified into six functional groups (structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions); no gene was found to be related to virulence or toxin or lysogen formation, but >80% of the predicted ORFs are unknown. In addition, a phage proteomic analysis using SDS-PAGE and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) revealed that seven phage structural proteins are indeed present, supporting the ORF predictions. To verify the potential of this phage as a biocontrol agent against
C. sakazakii
, it was added to infant formula milk contaminated with a
C. sakazakii
clinical isolate or food isolate, revealing complete growth inhibition of the isolates by the addition of phage CR5 when the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 10
5
.
Anodes Stimulate Anaerobic Toluene Degradation via Sulfur Cycling in Marine Sediments
Authors: Daghio Matteo , Vaiopoulou Eleni , Patil Sunil A. , Suárez-Suárez Ana , Head Ian M. , Franzetti Andrea , Rabaey Korneel 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTHydrocarbons released during oil spills are persistent in marine sediments due to the absence of suitable electron acceptors below the oxic zone. Here, we investigated an alternative bioremediation strategy to remove toluene, a model monoaromatic hydrocarbon, using a bioanode. Bioelectrochemical reactors were inoculated with sediment collected from a hydrocarbon-contaminated marine site, and anodes were polarized at 0 mV and +300 mV (versus an Ag/AgCl [3 M KCl] reference electrode). The degradation of toluene was directly linked to current generation of up to 301 mA m−2and 431 mA m−2for the bioanodes polarized at 0 mV and +300 mV, respectively. Peak currents decreased over time even after periodic spiking with toluene. The monitoring of sulfate concentrations during bioelectrochemical experiments suggested that sulfur metabolism was involved in toluene degradation at bioanodes. 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina sequencing of the bulk anolyte and anode samples revealed enrichment with electrocatalytically active microorganisms, toluene degraders, and sulfate-reducing microorganisms. Quantitative PCR targeting the α-subunit of the dissimilatory sulfite reductase (encoded bydsrA) and the α-subunit of the benzylsuccinate synthase (encoded bybssA) confirmed these findings. In particular, members of the familyDesulfobulbaceaewere enriched concomitantly with current production and toluene degradation. Based on these observations, we propose two mechanisms for bioelectrochemical toluene degradation: (i) direct electron transfer to the anode and/or (ii) sulfide-mediated electron transfer.
The Microbiota of Freshwater Fish and Freshwater Niches Contain Omega-3 Fatty Acid-Producing Shewanella Species
Authors: Dailey Frank E. , McGraw Joseph E. , Jensen Brittany J. , Bishop Sydney S. , Lokken James P. , Dorff Kellen J. , Ripley Michael P. , Munro James B. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Approximately 30 years ago, it was discovered that free-living bacteria isolated from cold ocean depths could produce polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (20:5n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6n-3), two PUFA essential for human health. Numerous laboratories have also discovered that EPA- and/or DHA-producing bacteria, many of them members of the
Shewanella
genus, could be isolated from the intestinal tracts of omega-3 fatty acid-rich marine fish. If bacteria contribute omega-3 fatty acids to the host fish in general or if they assist some bacterial species in adaptation to cold, then cold freshwater fish or habitats should also harbor these producers. Thus, we undertook a study to see if these niches also contained omega-3 fatty acid producers. We were successful in isolating and characterizing unique EPA-producing strains of
Shewanella
from three strictly freshwater native fish species, i.e., lake whitefish (
Coregonus clupeaformis
), lean lake trout (
Salvelinus namaycush
), and walleye (
Sander vitreus
), and from two other freshwater nonnative fish, i.e., coho salmon (
Oncorhynchus kisutch
) and seeforellen brown trout (
Salmo trutta
). We were also able to isolate four unique free-living strains of EPA-producing
Shewanella
from freshwater habitats. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses suggest that one producer is clearly a member of the
Shewanella
morhuae
species and another is sister to members of the marine PUFA-producing
Shewanella baltica
species. However, the remaining isolates have more ambiguous relationships, sharing a common ancestor with non-PUFA-producing
Shewanella putrefaciens
isolates rather than marine
S. baltica
isolates despite having a phenotype more consistent with
S. baltica
strains.
Changing Feeding Regimes To Demonstrate Flexible Biogas Production: Effects on Process Performance, Microbial Community Structure, and Methanogenesis Pathways
Authors: Mulat Daniel Girma , Jacobi H. Fabian , Feilberg Anders , Adamsen Anders Peter S. , Richnow Hans-Hermann , Nikolausz Marcell 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Flexible biogas production that adapts biogas output to energy demand can be regulated by changing feeding regimes. In this study, the effect of changes in feeding intervals on process performance, microbial community structure, and the methanogenesis pathway was investigated. Three different feeding regimes (once daily, every second day, and every 2 h) at the same organic loading rate were studied in continuously stirred tank reactors treating distiller's dried grains with solubles. A larger amount of biogas was produced after feeding in the reactors fed less frequently (once per day and every second day), whereas the amount remained constant in the reactor fed more frequently (every 2 h), indicating the suitability of the former for the flexible production of biogas. Compared to the conventional more frequent feeding regimes, a methane yield that was up to 14% higher and an improved stability of the process against organic overloading were achieved by employing less frequent feeding regimes. The community structures of bacteria and methanogenic archaea were monitored by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA and
mcrA
genes, respectively. The results showed that the composition of the bacterial community varied under the different feeding regimes, and the observed T-RFLP patterns were best explained by the differences in the total ammonia nitrogen concentrations, H
2
levels, and pH values. However, the methanogenic community remained stable under all feeding regimes, with the dominance of the
Methanosarcina
genus followed by that of the
Methanobacterium
genus. Stable isotope analysis showed that the average amount of methane produced during each feeding event by acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis was not influenced by the three different feeding regimes.