bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acemannan sponges stimulate alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament regeneration in a canine class II furcation defect model
Authors: Chantarawaratit P. , Sangvanich P. , Banlunara W. , Soontornvipart K. , Thunyakitpisal P. 
Published: May 2013

Background and ObjectivePeriodontal disease is a common infectious disease, found worldwide, causing the destruction of the periodontium. The periodontium is a complex structure composed of both soft and hard tissues, thus an agent applied to regenerate the periodontium must be able to stimulate periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone regeneration. Recent studies demonstrated that acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe vera gel, stimulated both soft and hard tissue healing. This study investigated effect of acemannan as a bioactive molecule and scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration.Material and MethodsPrimary human periodontal ligament cells were treated with acemannan in vitro. New DNA synthesis, expression of growth/differentiation factor 5 and runt‐related transcription factor 2, expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein‐2 and type I collagen, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized nodule formation were determined using [3H]‐thymidine incorporation, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay, biochemical assay and alizarin red staining, respectively. In our in vivo study, premolar class II furcation defects were made in four mongrel dogs. Acemannan sponges were applied into the defects. Untreated defects were used as a negative control group. The amount of new bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation were evaluated 30 and 60 d after the operation.ResultsAcemannan significantly increased periodontal ligament cell proliferation, upregulation of growth/differentiation factor 5, runt‐related transcription factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein 2, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineral deposition as compared with the untreated control group in vitro. Moreover, acemannan significantly accelerated new alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament formation in class II furcation defects.ConclusionOur data suggest that acemannan could be a candidate biomolecule for periodontal tissue regeneration.
Migration of human dental follicle cells in vitro
Authors: Felthaus O. , Gosau M. , Ettl T. , Prantl L. , Morsczeck C. 
Published: May 2013

Background and objectivesThe objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of different growth factors on the migration of dental follicle cells (DFCs). DFCs are ectomesenchymally derived easily accessible multipotent stem cells. Cell migration is a crucial step in many biological processes but also for tissue engineering. Growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP2) or transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) can be used to modify the behavior of cells.Material and MethodsWe used different migration assays (gel spot assay, scratch assay, transwell assay) to evaluate the influence of EGF, BMP2 and TGF‐β1 on the migration of DFCs. We investigated the expression of migration‐related genes after growth factor stimulation using the PCR array human cell motility.ResultsDFCs treated with BMP2 or TGF‐β1 migrated faster than DFCs treated with EGF. Additionally, more migration‐related genes are regulated after treatment with BMP2 or TGF‐β1 than with EGF. TGF‐β1 additionally functions as a chemoattractant for DFCs. Osteogenic differentiation markers were regulated after BMP2 treatment only.ConclusionWhereas the strong migration induced by BMP2 was accompanied by beginning osteogenic differentiation the strong migration induced by TGF‐β1 was directional. EGF exhibited not only the weakest migration stimulation but also the weakest induction of differentiation into mineralizing cells.
Periodontitis in pregnant baboons: systemic inflammation and adaptive immune responses and pregnancy outcomes in a baboon model
Authors: Ebersole J. L. , Holt S. C. , Cappelli D. 
Published: May 2013

Background/ObjectivesChronic periodontal infections have been suggested to contribute to the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Material and MethodsThis study describes the relationship of patterns of systemic inflammatory mediators and IgG antibody to 20 oral bacteria in pregnant female baboons (Papio anubis) coupled with clinical features of ligature‐induced periodontitis, as risk indicators for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Animals showing a preterm delivery and/or low birth weight newborns, as well as those pregnancies resulting in spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or fetal demise were tabulated as adverse pregnancy outcomes.ResultsA significantly greater frequency of the periodontitis group neonates had a low birth weight (18.1%; p = 0.008) and decreased gestational age (9.8%). Spontaneous abortion/stillbirth/fetal demise were increased in the periodontitis (8.7%) versus the control group (3.8%) (p = 0.054). The baseline oral clinical presentation of the experimental animals did not relate to the adverse pregnancy outcomes. Animals with the greatest extent/severity of periodontitis progression during the initial ½ of gestation (ie. to mid‐pregnancy) had the greatest risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Baseline biological parameters indicating historical responses of the animals to periodontal challenge demonstrated individual variation in selected mediators, some of which became more differential during ligature‐induced periodontitis. The relationship of clinical parameters to systemic inflammatory responses was consistent with a temporal contribution to adverse pregnancy outcomes in a subset of the animals.ConclusionsThese results support a link between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the baboons and provide a prospective experimental model for delineating the biologic parameters that contribute to a causal relationship between chronic oral infections and birth events.
CTassessment of the influence of dynamic loading on physiological incongruency of the canine elbow
Authors: Burton N. J. , Warren‐Smith C. M. R. , Roper D. P. , Parsons K. J. 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo present a novel technique for loading of the canine elbow joint and to quantify changes in congruency with increasing load using computed tomography.Materials and MethodsFive pairs of thoracic limbs were mounted at a mid stance angle in a custom made jig. Elbow joints were loaded to 0, 33, 66 and 100% of total individual cadaver bodyweight. At each load computed tomography of the elbow was performed. Joint space measurement was performed on sagittal plane central, lateral and medial compartment images at humero‐radial (R1, R2, R3), humero‐ulnar (U1,U2) and radio‐ulnar loci. The effect of loading on joint spaces was assessed (P<0·05).ResultsWith increasing load; for central an increase inR1and radio‐ulnar distance and decreasedR3 occurred; for medialR1increased; and for lateralR1and radio‐ulnar distance increased. The largest increases were seen in the lateral compartment.Clinical SignificanceSignificant changes in humero‐radio‐ulnar congruency occurred suggesting pronation of the radius with respect to the ulna was induced during loading. This movement may influence the load experienced by the medial coronoid process and could play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of medial coronoid process disease.
Distribution of ejecta from small impact craters
Authors: Shuvalov Valery , Dypvik Henning 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe present study focuses both on the influence of impact scale on ejecta expansion and on specific features of ejecta deposits around relatively small craters (i.e., those a few kilometers in width). The numerical model is based on the SOVA multimaterial multidimensional hydrocode, considering subaerial vertical impacts only, applying a 2‐D version of the code to projectiles of 100, 300, and 1000 m diameter. Ejecta can roughly be divided into two categories: “ballistic” ejecta and “convective” ejecta; the ballistic ejecta are the ejecta with which the air interacts only slightly, while the convective ejecta motion is entirely defined by the air flow. The degree of particle/air interaction can be defined by the time/length of particle travel before deceleration. Ejecta size‐distributions for the impacts modeled can be described by the same power law, but the size of maximum fragment increases with scale. There is no qualitative difference between the 100 m diameter projectile case and the 300 m diameter projectile impact. In both cases, fine ejecta decelerate in the air at a small distance from launching point and then rise to the stratosphere by air flows induced by the impacts. In the 1000 m‐scale impact, the mass of ejecta is so large that it moves the atmosphere itself to high altitudes. Thus, the atmosphere cannot decelerate even the fine ejecta and they consequently expand to the rarefied upper atmosphere. In the upper atmosphere, even fine ejecta move more or less ballistically and therefore may travel to high altitudes.
In situ laser ablation ICP‐MS analyses of dimict diogenites: Further evidence for harzburgitic and orthopyroxenitic lithologies
Authors: Beck Andrew W. , McSween Harry Y. , Bodnar Robert J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTrace element concentrations in pyroxene, plagioclase, and olivine were measured in five diogenite breccias previously identified as containing distinct harzburgitic (ol+opx) and orthopyroxenitic (opx) lithologies (dimict). Three samples show two distinct populations of pyroxene trace element abundances, supporting their classification as dimict. These three meteorites show increases in Y, Yb, and HREE concentrations from harzburgitic to orthopyroxenitic pyroxenes, supporting the hypothesis that the lithologies are related through fractional crystallization whereby harzburgite olivine and pyroxene crystallized from the magma first followed by orthopyroxenite pyroxene. Depletions in LREE and Eu concentrations in the orthopyroxenitic lithology are most likely due to equilibration with LREE and Eu‐rich phases, likely plagioclase, which is found primarily in that lithology.Two samples do not show evidence supporting a dimict classification. Large pyroxene trace element variation in one sample indicates that it is polymict, while uniform trace element distribution in the other suggests that it may be a monomict breccia.
Population biology of establishment in New Zealand hedgehogs inferred from genetic and historical data: conflict or compromise?
Authors: Bolfíková Barbora , Konečný Adam , Pfäffle Miriam , Skuballa Jasmin , Hulva Pavel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe crucial steps in biological invasions, related to the shaping of genetic architecture and the current evolution of adaptations to a novel environment, usually occur in small populations during the phases of introduction and establishment. However, these processes are difficult to track in nature due to invasion lag, large geographic and temporal scales compared with human observation capabilities, the frequent depletion of genetic variance, admixture and other phenomena. In this study, we compared genetic and historical evidence related to the invasion of the West European hedgehog to New Zealand to infer details about the introduction and establishment. Historical information indicates that the species was initially established on the South Island. A molecular assay of populations from Great Britain and New Zealand using mitochondrial sequences and nuclear microsatellite loci was performed based on a set of analyses including approximate Bayesian computation, a powerful approach for disentangling complex population demographies. According to these analyses, the population of the North Island was most similar to that of the native area and showed greatest reduction in genetic variation caused by founder demography and/or drift. This evidence indicated the location of the establishment phase. The hypothesis was corroborated by data on climate and urbanization. We discuss the contrasting results obtained by the molecular and historical approaches in the light of their different explanatory power and the possible biases influencing the description of particular aspects of invasions, and we advocate the integration of the two types of approaches in invasion biology.
Conserving genetic diversity in the honeybee: Comments on Harpur et al. (2012)
Authors: De la Rúa Pilar , Jaffé Rodolfo , Muñoz Irene , Serrano José , Moritz Robin F. A. , Kraus F. Bernhard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe article by Harpur et al. (2012) ‘Management increases genetic diversity of honey bees via admixture’ concludes that ‘…honey bees do not suffer from reduced genetic diversity caused by management and, consequently, that reduced genetic diversity is probably not contributing to declines of managed Apis mellifera populations’. In the light of current honeybee and beekeeping declines and their consequences for honeybee conservation and the pollination services they provide, we would like to express our concern about the conclusions drawn from the results of Harpur et al. (2012). While many honeybee management practices do not imply admixture, we are convinced that the large‐scale genetic homogenization of admixed populations could drive the loss of valuable local adaptations. We also point out that the authors did not account for the extensive gene flow that occurs between managed and wild/feral honeybee populations and raise concerns about the data set used. Finally, we caution against underestimating the importance of genetic diversity for honeybee colonies and highlight the importance of promoting the use of endemic honeybee subspecies in apiculture.
A Generalized Integrated Corridor Diversion Control Model for Freeway Incident Management
Authors: Liu Yue , Li Peng , Wehner Kevin , Yu Jie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents a generalized diversion control model for freeway incident management that is capable of concurrently optimizing the detour rates and arterial signal timings over multiple roadway corridor segments between the freeway and its neighboring arterial. To capture various operational complexities due to the interactions between multiple diversions, this study has developed an extended corridor traffic flow model and integrated it in the overall optimization process. A biobjective control model is developed to maximize the utilization of available corridor capacity while not significantly increasing the total time spent by travelers on the detour route to ensure their compliance to the routing guidance. Genetic algorithm integrated with the rolling time horizon approach is employed to solve the proposed model. Case studies with a stretch of the I‐94 corridor westbound from downtown Milwaukee to Waukesha have demonstrated the potential of the developed model for use in nonrecurrent congestion management.
Ve1‐mediated resistance against Verticillium does not involve a hypersensitive response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Zhao , van Esse H. Peter , van Damme Mireille , Fradin Emilie F. , Liu Chun‐Ming , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThe recognition of pathogen effectors by plant immune receptors leads to the activation of immune responses that often include a hypersensitive response (HR): rapid and localized host cell death surrounding the site of attempted pathogen ingress. We have demonstrated previously that the recognition of the Verticillium dahliae effector protein Ave1 by the tomato immune receptor Ve1 triggers an HR in tomato and tobacco. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that tomato Ve1 provides Verticillium resistance in Arabidopsis upon Ave1 recognition. In this study, we investigated whether the co‐expression of Ve1 and Ave1 in Arabidopsis results in an HR, which could facilitate a forward genetics screen. Surprisingly, we found that the co‐expression of Ve1 and Ave1 does not induce an HR in Arabidopsis. These results suggest that an HR may occur as a consequence of Ve1/Ave1‐induced immune signalling in tomato and tobacco, but is not absolutely required for Verticillium resistance.
Heidegger's Critique of Aquinas on Truth: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Orr James 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFew more sophisticated or more divergent treatments of the relation between truth and the divine are to be found than those offered in the writings of Thomas Aquinas and Martin Heidegger. This paper traces the differing approaches of these two thinkers in order to attempt a partial elucidation of that relation. One motivation for this contrastive analysis is the conviction that recent treatments of Heidegger's readings of Aquinas have tended too hastily to deny the possibility of fruitful or substantive dialogue between them. In contrast to these accounts, I argue that Heidegger's three central criticisms of Aquinas’ conception of truth – that it posits a subject-oriented and representionalist theory of knowledge, an unwarranted intellectualism, and an ontotheological grounding of truth's objectivity – paradoxically expose vulnerable flanks in his own constructive account. The argument proceeds by way of: (i) an exposition of these three strands of Heidegger's critique, focusing inter alia on some overlooked lectures delivered during the composition of Sein und Zeit; and (ii) a critical assessment of those strands by reference to relevant passages in Aquinas’ writings on truth.
Interaction between Cardioverter Defibrillator and Enhanced External Counterpulsation Device
Authors: CELIK OMER , AYDIN ALPER , YILMAZER MUSTAFA S. , SARIGUL NEDIM U. , GUROL TAYFUN , DAGDEVIREN BAHADIR 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPotential interference between implanted cardiac devices and other medical instruments is an important concern. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the possible device interaction between implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) and external enhanced counterpulsation (EECP) treatment.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with an implanted ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT‐D) were enrolled into the study. EECP had applied as two sessions of 5 minutes. Data from device interrogations before and after the first EECP session and during second EECP session were recorded and analyzed for signs of possible device interaction.ResultsThere was no sign of inappropriate sensing or noise during EECP session. There was no difference regarding electrode impedance, pacing, and sensing values before and after EECP. There was a statistically significant difference regarding heart rates during EECP therapy between rate response off and on modes (68.69 ± 5.92 beats/min and 90.32 ± 11.05 beats/min, respectively P = 0,001). In four patients with CRT‐D and unipolar left ventricular pacing, counterpulsation could not be done because of QRS sensing problems.ConclusionsEECP seems to be a safe treatment modality in patients with implanted ICD and CRT‐D devices. It should be kept in mind that in those patients with CRT‐D, rate responsive mode is on; inappropriate sinus tachycardia can be seen during EECP therapy. Also in patients with CRT‐D using a unipolar sensing mode, problems of QRS complex sensing by the EECP may occur and, therefore, this effects synchronization and success of EECP therapy.
Assessment of Interleukin‐1 Gene Cluster Polymorphisms in Lone Atrial Fibrillation: New Insight into the Role of Inflammation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: GUNGOR BARIS , EKMEKCI AHMET , ARMAN AHMET , OZCAN KAZIM S. , UCER EKREM , ALPER AHMET T. , CALIK NAZMI , YILMAZ HALE , TEZEL TUNA , COKER AJDA , BOLCA OSMAN 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundSystemic inflammation is accepted as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF). The role of inflammation has been shown previously. Interleukin (IL) system is the main modulator of the inflammatory responses and genetic polymorphisms of IL‐1 cluster genes are associated with increased risk for inflammatory diseases.ObjectivesTo investigate the association between polymorphisms of IL‐1 cluster genes and lone AF.Subjects and MethodsDNA samples were collected from 70 proven lone AF patients and 70 healthy subjects. Genomic DNA was typed for the variable number of the tandem repeat (VNTR) IL‐1 receptor antagonist (RN) gene polymorphism, IL‐1B –511 C > T(rs16944) promoter polymorphism, and +3953 C > T(rs1143634) polymorphism in exon 5 by polymerase chain reaction.ResultsIn lone AF group the frequency of IL‐1RN2/2 and IL‐1RN1/2 genotypes were higher than in the control group (7.2% vs 4.3% and 48.5% vs 22.8%, respectively; χ2 = 14.1; P = 0.028). The frequency of allele 2 was significantly higher in the lone AF group (32.1% vs 15.7%; χ2 = 10.7; P = 0.005). Allele and genotype distribution of IL‐1B –511 C > T and +3953 C > T polymorphisms were not statistically different between the groups. C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels were higher in lone AF patients compared to the control group (median = 1.25, interquartile range [IQR] = 0.85 vs median = 1.08, IQR 0.46 mg/L, respectively; P = 0.02). In multivariate regression analysis, presence of allele 2 of IL‐1 VNTR polymorphism and elevated plasma high‐sensitive‐CRP levels were the independent predictors of lone AF.ConclusionPresence of allele 2 of VNTR polymorphism of IL‐1RN gene may cause increased risk for lone AF probably due to the inadequate limitation of inflammatory reactions.
Gamete quality and broodstock management in temperate fish
Authors: Migaud Herve , Bell Gordon , Cabrita Elsa , McAndrew Brendan , Davie Andrew , Bobe Julien , Herráez M.P. , Carrillo Manuel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to fully control sexual maturation and spawning and to produce large numbers of high quality seeds ‘on demand’ (i.e. all year long) is a primary requirement for the successful development of aquaculture. This relies on optimal broodstock management practices based on extensive knowledge of the nutritional and environmental requirements of fish in captivity. However, for many established, emerging and new farmed fish species, such knowledge is limited or not available yet. The level of domestication also plays an essential role as stocks with improved traits in farming conditions are selected. Importantly, reliable indicators of egg quality are still lacking and hatcheries still rely on wild harvested broodstocks in many farmed fish species. These key challenges must be addressed urgently to ensure the sustainable development of the European fish farming sector. This review gives an overview of methods to assess egg/sperm quality and many of the most important factors affecting gamete production and quality, including broodstock nutrition, environmental and spawning induction protocols, genetic management, gamete preservation and new reproductive strategies.