bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster-Randomized Trial to Increase Hepatitis B Testing among Koreans in Los Angeles
Authors: Bastani Roshan , Glenn Beth A. , Maxwell Annette E. , Jo Angela M. , Herrmann Alison K. , Crespi Catherine M. , Wong Weng K. , Chang L. Cindy , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Tung T. , Chen Moon S. , Taylor Victoria M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background: In the United States, Korean immigrants experience a disproportionately high burden of chronic hepatitis B (HBV) viral infection and associated liver cancer compared with the general population. However, despite clear clinical guidelines, HBV serologic testing among Koreans remains persistently suboptimal.
Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial to evaluate a church-based small group intervention to improve HBV testing among Koreans in Los Angeles. Fifty-two Korean churches, stratified by size (small, medium, large) and location (Koreatown versus other), were randomized to intervention or control conditions. Intervention church participants attended a single-session small-group discussion on liver cancer and HBV testing, and control church participants attended a similar session on physical activity and nutrition. Outcome data consisted of self-reported HBV testing obtained via 6-month telephone follow-up interviews.
Results: We recruited 1,123 individuals, 18 to 64 years of age, across the 52 churches. Ninety-two percent of the sample attended the assigned intervention session and 86% completed the 6-month follow-up. Sample characteristics included were as follows: mean age 46 years, 65% female, 97% born in Korea, 69% completed some college, and 43% insured. In an intent-to-treat analysis, the intervention produced a statistically significant effect (OR = 4.9, P &lt; 0.001), with 19% of intervention and 6% of control group participants reporting a HBV test.
Conclusion: Our intervention was successful in achieving a large and robust effect in a population at high risk of HBV infection and sequelae.
Impact: The intervention was fairly resource efficient and thus has high potential for replication in other high-risk Asian groups. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(9); 1341–9. ©2015 AACR.
Enhanced Delivery of SN-38 to Human Tumor Xenografts with an Anti-Trop-2–SN-38 Antibody Conjugate (Sacituzumab Govitecan)
Authors: Sharkey Robert M. , McBride William J. , Cardillo Thomas M. , Govindan Serengulam V. , Wang Yang , Rossi Edmund A. , Chang Chien-Hsing , Goldenberg David M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPurpose: This study examined the delivery of SN-38 to Trop-2–expressing tumors and assessed the constitutive products in the serum, liver, and small intestine in nude mice bearing human tumor xenografts (Capan-1 or NCI-N87) given a single injection of irinotecan (40 mg/kg; ∼0.8 mg/mouse, containing ∼460 μg SN-38 equivalents) or sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132), an antibody–drug conjugate composed of a humanized anti-Trop-2 IgG coupled site specifically with an average of 7.6 molecules of SN-38.Experimental Design: At select times, tissues were extracted and concentrations of the products measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: In serum, &gt;98% irinotecan cleared within 5 minutes; peak levels of SN-38 and SN-38G (glucuronidated SN-38) were detected in equal amounts at this time, and no longer detected after 6 to 8 hours. IMMU-132 was detected in the serum over 3 days, and at each interval, ≥95% of total SN-38 was bound to the antibody. Intact IMMU-132 cleared with a half-life of 14 hours, which closely reflected the in vitro rate of SN-38 released from the conjugate in mouse serum (i.e., 17.5 hours), whereas the IgG portion of the conjugate cleared with a half-life of 67.1 hours. In vitro and in vivo studies disclosed IgG-bound SN-38 was protected from glucuronidation. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis indicated that IMMU-132 delivers 20-fold to as much as 136-fold more SN-38 to tumors than irinotecan, with tumor:blood ratios favoring IMMU-132 by 20- to 40-fold. Intestinal concentrations of SN-38/SN-38G also were 9-fold lower with IMMU-132.Conclusions: These studies confirm a superior SN-38 tumor delivery by IMMU-132 compared with irinotecan. Clin Cancer Res; 21(22); 5131–8. ©2015 AACR.
Apixaban in Comparison With Warfarin in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Valvular Heart Disease
Authors: Avezum Alvaro , Lopes Renato D. , Schulte Phillip J. , Lanas Fernando , Gersh Bernard J. , Hanna Michael , Pais Prem , Erol Cetin , Diaz Rafael , Bahit M. Cecilia , Bartunek Jozef , De Caterina Raffaele , Goto Shinya , Ruzyllo Witold , Zhu Jun , Granger Christopher B. , Alexander John H. 
Published: June 2015

Background—
Apixaban is approved for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. However, the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial included a substantial number of patients with valvular heart disease and only excluded patients with clinically significant mitral stenosis or mechanical prosthetic heart valves.

Methods and Results—

We compared the effect of apixaban and warfarin on rates of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, and death in patients with and without moderate or severe valvular heart disease using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Of the 18 201 patients enrolled in ARISTOTLE, 4808 (26.4%) had a history of moderate or severe valvular heart disease or previous valve surgery. Patients with valvular heart disease had higher rates of stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding than patients without valvular heart disease. There was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin in patients with and without valvular heart disease in reducing stroke and systemic embolism (hazard ratio [HR], 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51–0.97 and HR, 0.84; 95%, CI 0.67–1.04; interaction
P
=0.38), causing less major bleeding (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.61–1.04 and HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55–0.77; interaction
P
=0.23), and reducing mortality (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.84–1.22 and HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73–0.96; interaction
P
=0.10).

Conclusions—
More than a quarter of the patients in ARISTOTLE with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation had moderate or severe valvular heart disease. There was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin in reducing stroke or systemic embolism, causing less bleeding, and reducing death in patients with and without valvular heart disease.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Intensive Versus Distributed Aphasia Therapy
Authors: Dignam Jade , Copland David , McKinnon Eril , Burfein Penni , O’Brien Kate , Farrell Anna , Rodriguez Amy D. 
Published: June 2015

Background and Purpose—
Most studies comparing different levels of aphasia treatment intensity have not controlled the dosage of therapy provided. Consequently, the true effect of treatment intensity in aphasia rehabilitation remains unknown. Aphasia Language Impairment and Functioning Therapy is an intensive, comprehensive aphasia program. We investigated the efficacy of a dosage-controlled trial of Aphasia Language Impairment and Functioning Therapy, when delivered in an intensive versus distributed therapy schedule, on communication outcomes in participants with chronic aphasia.

Methods—
Thirty-four adults with chronic, poststroke aphasia were recruited to participate in an intensive (n=16; 16 hours per week; 3 weeks) versus distributed (n=18; 6 hours per week; 8 weeks) therapy program. Treatment included 48 hours of impairment, functional, computer, and group-based aphasia therapy.

Results—

Distributed therapy resulted in significantly greater improvements on the Boston Naming Test when compared with intensive therapy immediately post therapy (
P
=0.04) and at 1-month follow-up (
P
=0.002). We found comparable gains on measures of participants’ communicative effectiveness, communication confidence, and communication-related quality of life for the intensive and distributed treatment conditions at post-therapy and 1-month follow-up.

Conclusions—
Aphasia Language Impairment and Functioning Therapy resulted in superior clinical outcomes on measures of language impairment when delivered in a distributed versus intensive schedule. The therapy progam had a positive effect on participants’ functional communication and communication-related quality of life, regardless of treatment intensity. These findings contribute to our understanding of the effect of treatment intensity in aphasia rehabilitation and have important clinical implications for service delivery models.
Evaluation of the FlowCapt Acoustic Sensor for the Aeolian Transport of Snow
Authors: Trouvilliez Alexandre , Naaim-Bouvet Florence , Bellot Hervé , Genthon Christophe , Gallée Hubert 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFlowCapt acoustic sensors, designed for measuring the aeolian transport of snow fluxes, are compared to the snow particle counter S7optical sensor, considered herein as the reference. They were compared in the French Alps at the Lac Blanc Pass, where a bench test for the aeolian transport of snow was set up. The two existing generations of FlowCapt are compared. Both seem to be good detectors for the aeolian transport of snow, especially for transport events with a flux above 1 g m−2 s−1. The second-generation FlowCapt is also compared in terms of quantification. The aeolian snow mass fluxes and snow quantity transported recorded by the second-generation FlowCapt are close to the integrative snow particle counter S7 fluxes for an event without precipitation, but they are underestimated when an event with precipitation is considered. When the winter season is considered, for integrative snow particle counter S7 fluxes above 20 g m−2 s−1, the second-generation FlowCapt fluxes are underestimated, regardless of precipitation. In conclusion, both generations of FlowCapt can be used as a drifting snow detector and the second generation can record an underestimation of the quantity of snow transported at one location: over the winter season, the quantity of snow transported recorded by the SPC is between 4 and 6 times greater than the quantity recorded by the second-generation FlowCapt.
The importance of least restrictive care: the clinical implications of a recent High Court decision on negligence
Authors: Ryan Christopher James , Callaghan Sascha , Large Matthew 
Published: June 2015

Objective: This paper aims to explain the meaning and implications for practice of the High Court of Australia’s finding in the negligence case, Hunter and New England Local Health District v McKenna [2014] HCA 44. Method: The facts of the case and the law of negligence are reviewed before reporting the Court’s decision. Results: The High Court found that the obligation upon doctors to provide the least restrictive option for care that was imposed by the, then applicable, Mental Health Act 1990 (NSW) was inconsistent with an obligation that might otherwise be imposed by a common law duty to have regard to the interests of those with whom a psychiatric patient may come into contact if not detained. Conclusions: The Court’s finding underlines the importance of clinicians documenting their clinical reasoning around why their negotiated management plan was the option least restrictive of the patient’s freedom and most protective of his or her human rights.
Treating OCD: what to do when first-line therapies fail
Authors: Castle David , Bosanac Peter , Rossell Susan 
Published: June 2015

Objective: To provide a clinically-focused review of the biological treatment of treatment-resistant obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Conclusions: There is a paucity of research on how to manage OCD patients who fail to respond adequately to first line therapies. High-dose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and clomipramine have good evidence-based data. Combinations of SSRIs have little support in clinical trials, but the combination of SSRIs and clomipramine can be helpful: careful clinical and cardiac monitoring is required. Certain adjunctive antipsychotics have a reasonable evidence base in OCD, but their use also needs to be weighed against the potential side effect burden. In patients with substantial generalised anxiety symptoms, clonazepam is worth considering. Of the other augmenting strategies, memantine and ondansetron appear useful in some cases, and are well tolerated. Topiramate might ameliorate compulsions to some degree, but it is less well tolerated. If all these strategies, along with expert psychological therapy, fail, careful consideration should be given to deep brain stimulation (DBS), which has an emerging evidence base and which can result in dramatic benefits for some individuals. For some patients, gamma radiosurgery might also still have a place.
Psychological treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder: an update
Authors: Crino Rocco D 
Published: June 2015

Objective: The objective of this article is to provide an update on current psychological treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Conclusions: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT), incorporating exposure and response prevention, remains the non-pharmacological treatment of choice for OCD. Recent developments highlight the importance of family involvement in adult OCD treatment, and the use of alternative ‘third-wave’ interventions. Internet-delivered CBT may provide an opportunity to overcome barriers to effective treatment, such as distance and lack of trained clinicians.
Using Star Wars’ supporting characters to teach about psychopathology
Authors: Friedman Susan Hatters , Hall Ryan CW 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: The pop culture phenomenon of Star Wars has been underutilised as a vehicle to teach about psychiatry. It is well known to students, registrars, and consultants alike. New Star Wars films are expected out in 2015, which will likely lead to further popularity. The purpose of this article is to illustrate psychopathology and psychiatric themes demonstrated by supporting characters, and ways they can be used to teach concepts in a hypothetical yet memorable way. Conclusions: Using the minor characters as a springboard for teaching has the benefit of students not having preconceived notions about them. Characters can be used to approach teaching about ADHD, anxiety, kleptomania and paedophilia.
Reactions to driving cessation: a qualitative study of people with dementia and their families
Authors: Chacko Emme Elizabeth , Wright Wendy Margaret , Worrall Richard Charles , Adamson Carole , Cheung Gary 
Published: June 2015

Objectives: A proportion of older people with mild dementia are safe to drive. However, driving cessation is recommended at some point as the disease progresses. Driving cessation can have significant psychological and social consequences on people with dementia and their carers. This paper aims to explore the psychosocial and adjustment issues following driving cessation for people with dementia and their supporters. Method: Participants and their supporters were interviewed within 1 month of driving-cessation advice, and again 6 months later. Issues associated with driving cessation were explored in semi-structured interviews. Results: Seven participants and their supporters were recruited. This has generated a total of 22 transcripts for qualitative analysis including follow-up interviews. For those who could remember the details of driving cessation, most were unhappy with the decision. Carers who were supportive of driving cessation questioned the legality of it. Most participants minimised the impact of their driving cessation on their supporters. Most supporters were negatively affected by the decision. Conclusions: The preliminary findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive process for driving cessation in those with dementia, with closer links to regulatory bodies, and increased support for their families/carers.
ECT and lithium in old age depression – cause or treatment of rapid cycling?
Authors: Huber Jacqueline P , Burke David 
Published: June 2015

Objective: This article presents the case of an elderly woman experiencing a depressive phase of Bipolar Affective Disorder 1 (BPAD1), who required electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), prior to which her lithium was ceased, and who developed ultra-ultra-rapid cycling (UURC) and ultra-rapid cycling (URC). This resolved with the recommencement of lithium and continuation of ECT. Method: Case report and review of the relevant literature. Results: The patient’s mood stabilized with recommencement of lithium and continuation of ECT. Conclusions: Ceasing lithium prior to ECT may carry a risk of URC or UURC in BPAD1.
The relationship between cognitive function and high-resolution diffusion tensor MRI of the cingulum bundle in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koenig Katherine A , Sakaie Ken E. , Lowe Mark J , Lin Jian , Stone Lael , Bermel Robert A , Beall Erik B , Rao Stephen M. , Trapp Bruce D , Phillips Micheal D 
Published: June 2015

Background: Imaging can provide noninvasive neural markers of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) that are related to behavioral and cognitive symptoms. Past work suggests that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides a measure of white matter pathology, including demyelination and axonal counts. Objectives: In the current study, the authors investigate the relationship of DTI measures in the cingulum bundle to common deficits in MS, including episodic memory, working memory, and information processing speed. Methods: Fifty-seven patients with MS and 17 age- and education-matched controls underwent high-spatial resolution diffusion scans and cognitive testing. Probabilistic tracking was used to generate tracks from the posterior cingulate cortex to the entorhinal cortex. Results: Radial and axial diffusivity values were significantly different between patients and controls ( p < 0.031), and in patients bilateral diffusion measures were significantly related to measures of episodic memory and speed of processing ( p < 0.033). Conclusions: The tractography-based measures of posterior cingulum integrity reported here support further development of DTI as a viable measure of axonal integrity and cognitive function in patients with MS.
The relationship between child- and parent-reported shared decision making and child-, parent-, and clinician-reported treatment outcome in routinely collected child mental health services data
Authors: Edbrooke-Childs Julian , Jacob Jenna , Argent Rachel , Patalay Praveetha , Deighton Jessica , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: June 2015

Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) between service users and providers is increasingly being suggested as a key component of good healthcare. The aim of this research was to explore whether child- and parent-reported experience of SDM was associated with child- and parent-reported improvement in psychosocial difficulties and clinician-reported functioning at the end of treatment in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). Method: The sample comprised N = 177 children (62% female; 31% aged 6–12 and 69% aged 13–18) with a variety of mental health problems from 17 services where routinely collected data consisted of presenting problems at outset, child- and parent-reported change in symptoms between Time 1 and Time 2 (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ), clinician-reported change in functioning between Time 1 and Time 2 (Children’s Global Assessment Scale; CGAS), and experience of SDM at Time 2 (as measured by responses to the Experience of Service Questionnaire; ESQ). Results: Analysis revealed that both child- and parent-reported experience of SDM were associated with higher levels of child- and parent-reported improvement in psychosocial difficulties. However, child-reported experience of SDM was only associated with higher levels of child-reported improvement when their parents also reported higher levels of SDM. Conclusion: In CAMHS, involving both children and parents in decision making may contribute to enhanced treatment outcomes.
UK policy on social networking sites and online health: From informed patient to informed consumer?
Authors: Hunt Daniel , Koteyko Nelya , Gunter Barrie 
Published: June 2015

Background Social networking sites offer new opportunities for communication between and amongst health care professionals, patients and members of the public. In doing so, they have the potential to facilitate public access to health care information, peer-support networks, health policy fora and online consultations. Government policies and guidance from professional organisations have begun to address the potential of these technologies in the domain of health care and the responsibilities they entail for their users. Objective Adapting a discourse analytic framework for the analysis of policy documents, this review paper critically examines discussions of social networking sites in recent government and professional policy documents. It focuses particularly on who these organisations claim should use social media, for what purposes, and what the anticipated outcomes of use will be for patients and the organisations themselves. Conclusion Recent policy documents have configured social media as a new means with which to harvest patient feedback on health care encounters and communicate health care service information with which patients and the general public can be ‘empowered’ to make responsible decisions. In orienting to social media as a vehicle for enabling consumer choice, these policies encourage the marketization of health information through a greater role for non-profit and commercial organisations in the eHealth domain. At the same time, current policy largely overlooks the role of social media in mediating ongoing support and self-management for patients with long-term conditions.
Risk-adapted therapy for early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma: analysis from a multicenter study
Authors: Yang Yong , Zhu Yuan , Cao Jian-Zhong , Zhang Yu-Jing , Xu Li-Ming , Yuan Zhi-Yong , Wu Jun-Xin , Wang Wei , Wu Tao , Lu Bing , Zhu Su-Yu , Qian Li-Ting , Zhang Fu-Quan , Hou Xiao-Rong , Li Ye-Xiong 
Published: June 2015

Key Points
Patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NKTCL were classified as low risk or high risk using 5 independent prognostic factors. Risk-adapted therapy of RT alone for the low-risk group and RT consolidated by CT for the high-risk group proved the most effective treatment.
Competency-Based Training and Worker Turnover in Community Supports for People With IDD: Results From a Group Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bogenschutz Matthew , Nord Derek , Hewitt Amy 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Turnover among direct support professionals (DSPs) in community support settings for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) has been regarded as a challenge since tracking of this workforce began in the 1980s. This study utilized a group randomized controlled design to test the effects of a competency-based training intervention for DSPs on site-level turnover rates over a one year period. Results suggested that, compared with the control group, sites receiving the training intervention experienced a significant decrease in annual turnover, when multiple factors were controlled. Implications, including the importance of considering quality training as a long term organizational investment and intervention to reduce turnover, are discussed.
Acute Phase Proteins as Markers of Infectious Diseases in small Animals / Proteini Akutne Faze Kao Markeri Infektivnih Bolesti Malih Životinja
Authors: Schmidt Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos , Eckersall Peter David 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
During the acute phase response, there is an increased production and release of certain proteins known as acute phase proteins (APPs) which can be produced by hepatocytes and peripheral tissues such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP). These proteins have been investigated as markers of various infectious diseases in small animals and the purpose of this review is to update the current knowledge about APPs in infectious diseases in dogs and cats.