bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Spiropyrazoline‐β‐lactams and Spirocyclopropyl‐β‐lactams from 6‐Alkylidenepenicillanates.
Authors: Santos Bruna S. , Gomes Clara S. B. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMethoxycarbonyl‐, tert‐butoxycarbonyl‐, phenylcarbonyl‐ and methylcarbonyl‐6‐(Z)‐alkylidenepenicillanates are transformed with diazomethane, phenyl‐ and diphenyldiazomethane leading to stereoselective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions providing either single products or mixtures of two compounds as a result of a non‐regiospecific addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Calotropin: A Cardenolide from Calotropis gigantea that Inhibits Wnt Signaling by Increasing Casein Kinase 1α in Colon Cancer Cells.
Authors: Park Hyun Young , Toume Kazufumi , Arai Midori A. , Sadhu Samir K. , Ahmed Firoj , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCalotropin exhibits the highest inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway in comparison to five other isolated cardenolides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Sustainable Synthesis of the Natural Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol.
Authors: Deffieux Denis , Gossart Philippe , Quideau Stephane 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHydroxytyrosol is prepared from commercially available eugenol (4‐allyl‐2‐methoxyphenol) in four steps with an overall yield of 43%.
Phase 2 trial of high‐dose rituximab with high‐dose cytarabine mobilization therapy and high‐dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with central nervous system involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Chen Yi‐Bin , Batchelor Tracy , Li Shuli , Hochberg Ephraim , Brezina Mark , Jones Sooae , Del Rio Candice , Curtis Morgan , Ballen Karen K. , Barnes Jeffrey , Chi Andrew S. , Dietrich Jorg , Driscoll Jessica , Gertsner Elizabeth R. , Hochberg Fred , LaCasce Ann S. , McAfee Steven L. , Spitzer Thomas R. , Nayak Lakshmi , Armand Philippe 
Published: September 2014

BACKGROUNDHigh‐dose thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (TBC) with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement by non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Despite limited penetration into the CNS, rituximab is active in primary CNS NHL. Therefore, high‐dose rituximab was combined with TBC for ASCT in patients with CNS NHL.METHODSA single‐arm phase 2 trial using high‐dose rituximab with cytarabine for stem cell mobilization followed by high‐dose rituximab combined with thiotepa, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide (R‐TBC) for ASCT was conducted. Doses of rituximab at 1000 mg/m2 were given on days 1 and 8 of mobilization and on days −9 and −2 of TBC. The primary endpoint was efficacy.RESULTSThirty patients were enrolled. Eighteen patients had primary CNS NHL (12 with complete remission (CR)/first partial remission (PR1) and 6 with CR/PR2), and 12 patients had secondary CNS lymphoma (5 with CR/PR1 and 7 with CR/PR2 or beyond). All patients were in partial or complete remission. Twenty‐nine patients proceeded to R‐TBC ASCT. Two patients developed significant neurotoxicity. The 100‐day nonrelapse mortality rate was 0%, and 1 patient died because of nonrelapse causes 5 months after ASCT. For all patients, at a median follow‐up of 24 months (range, 12‐40 months), the estimated 2‐year progression‐free survival rate was 81% (95% confidence interval, 59%‐92%), and the 2‐year overall survival rate was 93% (95% confidence interval, 76%‐98%). There were no relapses or deaths among the 18 patients with primary CNS lymphoma.CONCLUSIONSFor patients with CNS involvement by B‐cell NHL and especially for patients with primary CNS NHL, R‐TBC ASCT shows encouraging activity and merits further study. Cancer 2015;121:226–33. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Blister Patterns and Energy Minimization in Compressed Thin Films on Compliant Substrates
Authors: Bedrossian Jacob , Kohn Robert V. 
Published: September 2014

This paper is motivated by the complex blister patterns sometimes seen in thin elastic films on thick, compliant substrates. These patterns are often induced by an elastic misfit that compresses the film. Blistering permits the film to expand locally, reducing the elastic energy of the system. It is therefore natural to ask: what is the minimum elastic energy achievable by blistering on a fixed area fraction of the substrate? This is a variational problem involving both the elastic deformation of the film and substrate and the geometry of the blistered region. It involves three small parameters: the nondimensionalized thickness of the film, the compliance ratio of the film/substrate pair, and the mismatch strain. In formulating the problem, we use a small‐slope (Föppl–von Kármán) approximation for the elastic energy of the film, and a local approximation for the elastic energy of the substrate.For a one‐dimensional version of the problem, we obtain “matching” upper and lower bounds on the minimum energy, in the sense that both bounds have the same scaling behavior with respect to the small parameters. The upper bound is straightforward and familiar: it is achieved by periodic blistering on a specific length scale. The lower bound is more subtle, since it must be proved without any assumption on the geometry of the blistered region.For a two‐dimensional version of the problem, our results are less complete. Our upper and lower bounds only “match” in their scaling with respect to the nondimensionalized thickness, not in the dependence on the compliance ratio and the mismatch strain. The lower bound is an easy consequence of our one‐dimensional analysis. The upper bound considers a two‐dimensional lattice of blisters and uses ideas from the literature on the folding or “crumpling” of a confined elastic sheet. Our main two‐dimensional result is that in a certain parameter regime, the elastic energy of this lattice is significantly lower than that of a few large blisters. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unveiling the performance‐energy trade‐off in iterative linear system solvers for multithreaded processors
Authors: Aliaga José I. , Anzt Hartwig , Castillo Maribel , Fernández Juan C. , León Germán , Pérez Joaquín , Quintana‐Ortí Enrique S. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this paper, we analyze the interactions occurring in the triangle performance‐power‐energy for the execution of a pivotal numerical algorithm, the iterative conjugate gradient (CG) method, on a diverse collection of parallel multithreaded architectures. This analysis is especially timely in a decade where the power wall has arisen as a major obstacle to build faster processors. Moreover, the CG method has recently been proposed as a complement to the LINPACK benchmark, as this iterative method is argued to be more archetypical of the performance of today's scientific and engineering applications. To gain insights about the benefits of hands‐on optimizations we include runtime and energy efficiency results for both out‐of‐the‐box usage relying exclusively on compiler optimizations, and implementations manually optimized for target architectures, that range from general‐purpose and digital signal multicore processors to manycore graphics processing units, all representative of current multithreaded systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas‐Phase Reaction of CeV2O7+ with C2H4: Activation of CC and CH Bonds
Authors: Ma Jia‐Bi , Yuan Zhen , Meng Jing‐Heng , Liu Qing‐Yu , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe reactivity of metal oxide clusters toward hydrocarbon molecules can be changed, tuned, or controlled by doping. Cerium‐doped vanadium cluster cations CeV2O7+ are generated by laser ablation, mass‐selected by a quadrupole mass filter, and then reacted with C2H4 in a linear ion trap reactor. The reaction is characterized by a reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. Three types of reaction channels are observed: 1) single oxygen‐atom transfer , 2) double oxygen‐atom transfer , and 3) CC bond cleavage. This study provides the first bimetallic oxide cluster ion, CeV2O7+, which gives rise to CC bond cleavage of ethene. Neither CexOy± nor VxOy± alone possess the necessary topological and electronic properties to bring about such a reaction.
Ab Initio H2O in Realistic Hydrophilic Confinement
Authors: Allolio Christoph , Klameth Felix , Vogel Michael , Sebastiani Daniel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA protocol for the ab initio construction of a realistic cylindrical pore in amorphous silica, serving as a geometric nanoscale confinement for liquids and solutions, is presented. Upon filling the pore with liquid water at different densities, the structure and dynamics of the liquid inside the confinement can be characterized. At high density, the pore introduces long‐range oscillations into the water density profile, which makes the water structure unlike that of the bulk across the entire pore. The tetrahedral structure of water is also affected up to the second solvation shell of the pore wall. Furthermore, the effects of the confinement on hydrogen bonding and diffusion, resulting in a weakening and distortion of the water structure at the pore walls and a slowdown in diffusion, are characterized.
TERS Detection of αVβ3 Integrins in Intact Cell Membranes
Authors: Wang Hao , Schultz Zachary D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntegrins are important membrane receptors that form focal adhesions with the extracellular matrix and are transmembrane signaling proteins. We demonstrate that nanoparticles functionalized with c‐RGDfC ligands bind to intact cell membranes and selectively enhance the amino acid signals of the integrin receptor when coupled with tip‐enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) detection. Controlling the plasmonic interaction between the functionalized nanoparticle and the TERS tip provides a clear Raman signal from αVβ3 integrins in the cell membrane that matches the signal of the purified integrin receptor. Random aggregation of nanoparticles on the cell does not provide the same spectral information. Chemical characterization of membrane receptors in intact cellular membranes is important for understanding membrane signaling and drug targeting. These results provide a new method to investigate the chemical interactions associated with ligand binding to membrane receptors in cells.
Caged Phosphate and the Slips and Misses in Determination of Quantum Yields for Ultraviolet‐A‐Induced Photouncaging
Authors: Anstaett Philipp , Leonidova Anna , Gasser Gilles 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe quantum yields for photouncaging reactions are mostly determined relative to other uncaging reactions, often using 1‐(2‐nitrophenyl)ethyl‐phosphate (“caged phosphate”). Herein, we demonstrate that the quantum yields acquired by using this method can be off by an order of magnitude at the typical irradiation wavelengths around 350 nm and describe an easy‐to‐use alternative procedure using inexpensive azobenzene.
Enantioselective Oxidation of Thioethers to Sulfoxides by Means of a Structural Template with Chiral‐at‐Metal Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Li Zheng‐Zheng , Yao Su‐Yang , Ye Bao‐Hui 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTreatment of cis‐[Ru(bpy)2Cl2]⋅2 H2O or Δ/Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(py)2]2+ (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine, py=pyridine) with the prochiral thioether ligands 2‐alkylthiobenzoic acid (HOSR) produces the corresponding thioether complexes rac‐[Ru(bpy)2(OSR)](PF6) (R=Me (rac‐1), iPr (rac‐2), 2‐benzylthiobenzonate (Bn) (rac‐3)) and Δ/Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2(OSR)](PF6) (R=Me (Δ‐1/Λ‐1), iPr (Δ‐2/Λ‐2), Bn (Δ‐3/Λ‐3)) with retention of the configurations at chiral metal centers. In situ oxidation of the thioether complexes by meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid provides the corresponding sulfoxide complexes rac‐[Ru(bpy)2(OSOR)](PF6) (OSOR is 2‐alkylsulfinylbenzonate, R=Me (rac‐1 a), iPr (rac‐2 a), Bn (rac‐3 a)), Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(R)‐OSOR}](PF6) (R=Me (Δ‐1 a), iPr (Δ‐2 a), Bn (Δ‐3 a)), and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐OSOR}](PF6) (R=Me (Λ‐1 a), iPr (Λ‐2 a), Bn (Λ‐3 a)) in yields of 95 % with 98 % ee values. The absolute configurations at the metal centers and sulfur atoms were determined by means of X‐ray crystallography. The results indicate that the configurations of the metal centers are retained and have the function of controlling sulfoxide chirality during the oxidation process. The Δ metal‐centered configuration enantioselectively generates an R‐configuration sulfoxide, and the Λ configuration enantioselectively forms an S‐configuration sulfoxide in the course of the in situ oxidation reaction, thereby resulting in a predetermined chirality of the sulfoxide ligands. The predetermined chirality of sulfoxides (S)‐HOSOR and (R)‐HOSOR were obtained by the treatments of the corresponding sulfoxide complexes Δ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(R)‐OSOR}](PF6) and Λ‐[Ru(bpy)2{(S)‐OSOR}](PF6) with trifluoroacetic acid in yields of 90 % with 83.5–92.9 % ee values.
Metal–Nitrogen Doping of Mesoporous Carbon/Graphene Nanosheets by Self‐Templating for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Shuang , Wu Dongqing , Liang Haiwei , Wang Jinzuan , Zhuang Xiaodong , Mai Yiyong , Su Yuezeng , Feng Xinliang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate a general and efficient self‐templating strategy towards transition metal–nitrogen containing mesoporous carbon/graphene nanosheets with a unique two‐dimensional (2D) morphology and tunable mesoscale porosity. Owing to the well‐defined 2D morphology, nanometer‐scale thickness, high specific surface area, and the simultaneous doping of the metal–nitrogen compounds, the as‐prepared catalysts exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in both alkaline and acidic media. More importantly, such a self‐templating approach towards two‐dimensional porous carbon hybrids with diverse metal–nitrogen doping opens up new avenues to mesoporous heteroatom‐doped carbon materials as electrochemical catalysts for oxygen reduction and hydrogen evolution, with promising applications in fuel cell and battery technologies.
A framework for high‐speed parallel‐prefix adder performance evaluation and comparison
Authors: Hobson Richard F. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryA new framework is proposed for the evaluation and comparison of high‐speed parallel‐prefix adders. The framework specifies input registers and latches and requires sum feedback for single cycle pipelined operation. Test pattern generation is also specified. A newly revised energy‐efficient 64‐bit carry select adder with distributed mixed valence logic to help reduce fan‐out and wire load is presented. Footless pulsed‐precharge domino and compound domino circuits, and smaller transistors help to reduce area and power. Detailed simulations with 65 nm CMOS models are compared with other parallel‐prefix adders that have been instantiated for comparison. Within this framework, energy reductions of 40% are obtained for the new adder versus two leading Kogge‐Stone designs, and 25% versus a new constant delay logic Sklansky style design, at similar cycle times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Context‐dependent latent inhibition in preweanling rats
Authors: Revillo D.A. , Gaztañaga M. , Aranda E. , Paglini M.G. , Chotro M.G. , Arias C. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTPreexposure to a conditioned stimulus (CS) usually weakens conditioning, an effect known as latent inhibition. Similar to other learning interference effects, latent inhibition has been characterized as context‐dependent, which means that the magnitude of this effect can be attenuated by changing the context between the different phases of the procedure (e.g., preexposure and conditioning). Latent inhibition has been found with a variety of procedures in infant rats, but the few studies that examined the context‐dependency of this phenomenon during this ontogenetic period found no context‐change effect. The present study explored the context‐dependency of latent inhibition during infancy using a conditioned taste aversion preparation and employing contexts enriched with distinctive odors to increase the possible efficacy of the context manipulation. Experiment 1 showed that three preexposures to the CS (saccharin) were sufficient to retard conditioning to the same CS, although this effect was also observed in a control group preexposed to an alternative taste stimulus (saline), in comparison with a non‐preexposed control group. In Experiment 2a, the CS‐preexposure effect was found to be specific to the preexposed CS when the number of preexposures was increased. This effect was revealed as context‐dependent in Experiment 2b, since it was attenuated by changing the context between preexposure and conditioning. The present result is consistent with recent studies showing the context‐dependency of extinction in preweanling rats, thus demonstrating these animals' capacity to learn about context early on in their development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1507–1517, 2014.
Upgrading Carbon Dioxide/Methane Mixtures by using a Hybrid Membrane–Condensed Rotational Separation Process
Authors: van Kemenade H. P. , van Benthum R. J. , Brouwers J. J. H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMembranes are used to upgrade heavily contaminated methane gas to pipeline specifications. However, the typical membrane process suffers from a considerable methane slip in the permeate flow. In the hybrid system considered in this Communication, the methane is removed from the permeate stream by using a low‐temperature distillation process with condensed rotational separation (CRS). Compared to a hybrid amine‐CRS process, the energy and volume use are reduced by a factor of two.
Gestational and Postpartum Weight Change Patterns in Mothers with Eating Disorders
Authors: Zerwas Stephanie C. , Von Holle Ann , Perrin Eliana M. , Cockrell Skinner Asheley , Reba‐Harrelson Lauren , Hamer Robert M. , Stoltenberg Camilla , Torgersen Leila , Reichborn‐Kjennerud Ted , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pregnancy can be associated with adaptive changes in weight and eating behaviour for women with eating disorders, less is known about whether these changes are maintained in the postpartum period. We used a longitudinal design to examine gestational and postpartum weight trajectories in mothers with and without eating disorders in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.MethodsFifty‐six women reported anorexia nervosa (AN), 636 bulimia nervosa, 3327 binge eating disorder and 69 eating disorder not otherwise specified, purging type. The referent group included 61 233 mothers with no eating disorder. We used a mixed effects model to predict weight change over time by eating disorder subtype.ResultsMothers with AN, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and eating disorder not otherwise specified had greater increases in body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and greater decreases in BMI over the first 6 months postpartum. Women with AN shifted from the underweight BMI range before pregnancy to the normal weight range at 36 months postpartumConclusionsPatterns of maternal weight gain and retention during the perinatal period vary across eating disorder subtype and warrant clinical attention. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Reaction‐to‐fire properties of polymer matrix composites with integrated intumescent barriers
Authors: Eibl Sebastian 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe integration of an intumescent barrier between the plies of prepreg based polymer matrix composite and sandwich panels is investigated in detail with regard to reaction‐to‐fire properties. Incident heat flux, panel thickness and insertion depth within the panel were varied systematically. Fire retarding effects are compared to the application of an intumescent and top coating on the surface. All tests were carried out with a commercial material: HexPly® 8552/IM7 by Hexcel. Design rules for an effective improvement of reaction‐to‐fire properties are derived. Two practical applications were identified not interfering with mechanical properties: A metal mesh as support for the intumescent material underneath a single top ply and the one‐sided integration in a sandwich with the possibility to expand into the honeycomb. Degradation mechanisms are characterized by cone calorimetry and temperature development throughout the specimens. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Functional Linear Models for Gene‐Based Case‐Control Association Studies
Authors: Fan Ruzong , Wang Yifan , Mills James L. , Carter Tonia C. , Lobach Iryna , Wilson Alexander F. , Bailey‐Wilson Joan E. , Weeks Daniel E. , Xiong Momiao 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBy using functional data analysis techniques, we developed generalized functional linear models for testing association between a dichotomous trait and multiple genetic variants in a genetic region while adjusting for covariates. Both fixed and mixed effect models are developed and compared. Extensive simulations show that Rao's efficient score tests of the fixed effect models are very conservative since they generate lower type I errors than nominal levels, and global tests of the mixed effect models generate accurate type I errors. Furthermore, we found that the Rao's efficient score test statistics of the fixed effect models have higher power than the sequence kernel association test (SKAT) and its optimal unified version (SKAT‐O) in most cases when the causal variants are both rare and common. When the causal variants are all rare (i.e., minor allele frequencies less than 0.03), the Rao's efficient score test statistics and the global tests have similar or slightly lower power than SKAT and SKAT‐O. In practice, it is not known whether rare variants or common variants in a gene region are disease related. All we can assume is that a combination of rare and common variants influences disease susceptibility. Thus, the improved performance of our models when the causal variants are both rare and common shows that the proposed models can be very useful in dissecting complex traits. We compare the performance of our methods with SKAT and SKAT‐O on real neural tube defects and Hirschsprung's disease datasets. The Rao's efficient score test statistics and the global tests are more sensitive than SKAT and SKAT‐O in the real data analysis. Our methods can be used in either gene‐disease genome‐wide/exome‐wide association studies or candidate gene analyses.