bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial (dys)function – a factor underlying the variability of efavirenz‐induced hepatotoxicity?
Authors: Polo M , Alegre F , Funes H A , Blas‐Garcia A , Victor V M , Esplugues J V , Apostolova N 
Published: November 2014

Background and PurposeThe non‐nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is associated with hepatic toxicity and metabolic disturbances. Although the mechanisms involved are not clear, recent evidence has pinpointed a specific mitochondrial action of efavirenz accompanied by the induction of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response in human hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to further investigate the involvement of this organelle by evaluating efavirenz's effects in cells lacking functional mitochondria (rho°) and comparing them with those of the typical mitotoxic agent rotenone, a standard complex I inhibitor, and the ER stress inducer thapsigargin.Experimental ApproachHep3B rho+ and rho° cells were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of efavirenz, then mitochondrial function and cytotoxicity were studied using standard cell biology techniques.Key ResultsEfavirenz‐treated rho° cells exhibited a substantial reduction in parameters indicative of mitochondrial interference, such as increased superoxide production, mitochondrial mass/morphology alterations and enhanced expression of LONP, a highly conserved mitochondrial protease. In line with these results, the cytotoxic effect (cell number, chromatin condensation, cell cycle alterations and induction of apoptosis) of efavirenz was less pronounced in Hep3B respiration‐depleted cells than in wild‐type cells. The effect of efavirenz was both similar and different from those of two distinct mitochondrial stressors, thapsigargin and rotenone.Conclusions and ImplicationsCells lacking normal mitochondria (rho°) are less vulnerable to efavirenz. Our results provide further evidence that the hepatic damage induced by efavirenz involves acute interference with mitochondria and extend our knowledge of the response of mitochondria/ER to a stress stimulus.
Explaining cross‐national variations in the prevalence of envelope wages: some lessons from a 2013Eurobarometer survey
Authors: Williams Colin C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this article is to evaluate competing theories that variously explain the greater prevalence of envelope wages in some countries either as: a legacy of under‐development (modernisation thesis); due to high taxes, state corruption and burdensome regulations and controls (neo‐liberal thesis), or a result of inadequate state intervention in work and welfare arrangements, which leaves workers less than fully protected (political economy thesis). Reporting a 2013 survey of cross‐national variations in the prevalence of envelope wages, the finding is that the results refute the neo‐liberal thesis but support both the modernisation and political economy theses, revealing that this illegitimate wage practice is more common in poorer, less equal countries with lower taxation and social protection levels and less effective redistribution via social transfers. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed.
Serum Cortisol Concentrations in Dogs with Pituitary‐Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism and Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Frank L.A. , Henry G.A. , Whittemore J.C. , Enders B.D. , Mawby D.I. , Rohrbach B.W. 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundAtypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC) is considered when dogs have clinical signs of hypercortisolemia with normal hyperadrenocorticism screening tests.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo compare cortisol concentrations and adrenal gland size among dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC), and healthy controls.AnimalsTen healthy dogs, 7 dogs withPDH, and 8 dogs withAHAC.MethodDogs were prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and January 2013. Dogs were diagnosed withPDHorAHACbased on clinical signs and positive screening test results (PDH) or abnormal extended adrenal hormone panel results (AHAC). Transverse adrenal gland measurements were obtained by abdominal ultrasound. Hourly mean cortisol (9 samplings), sum of hourly cortisol measurements and adrenal gland sizes were compared among the 3 groups.ResultsHourly (control, 1.4 ± 0.6 μg/dL;AHAC, 2.9 ± 1.3;PDH, 4.3 ± 1.5) (mean,SD) and sum (control, 11.3 ± 3.3;AHAC, 23.2 ± 7.7;PDH, 34.7 ± 9.9) cortisol concentrations differed significantly between the controls andAHAC(P < .01) andPDH(P < .01) groups. Hourly (P < .01) but not sum (P = .27) cortisol concentrations differed betweenAHACandPDHdogs. Average transverse adrenal gland diameter of control dogs (5.3 ± 1.2 mm) was significantly less than dogs withPDH(6.4 ± 1.4;P = .02) andAHAC(7.2 ± 1.5;P < .01); adrenal gland diameter did not differ (P = .18) between dogs withAHACandPDH.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSerum cortisol concentrations in dogs withAHACwere increased compared to controls but less than dogs withPDH, while adrenal gland diameter was similar between dogs withAHACandPDH. These findings suggest cortisol excess could contribute to the pathophysiology ofAHAC.
H and Cl isotope systematics of apatite in brecciated lunar meteorites Northwest Africa 4472, Northwest Africa 773, Sayh al Uhaymir 169, and Kalahari 009
Authors: Tartèse Romain , Anand Mahesh , Joy Katherine H. , Franchi Ian A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe have investigated the H and Cl systematics in apatite from four brecciated lunar meteorites. In Northwest Africa (NWA) 4472, most of the apatites contain ∼2000–6000 ppm H2O with δD between −200 and 0‰, except for one grain isolated in the matrix, which contains ∼6000 ppm H2O with δD of ∼500–900‰. This low‐δD apatite contains ∼2500–7500 ppm Cl associated with δ37Cl of ∼15–20‰, while the high‐δD grain contains ∼2500 ppm Cl with δ37Cl of ∼7–15‰. In NWA 773, apatites in a first group contain ∼700–2500 ppm H2O with δD values averaging around ∼0 ± 100‰, while apatites in a second group contain ∼5500–16500 ppm H2O with δD ∼250 ± 50‰. In Sayh al Uhaymir (SaU) 169 and Kalahari (Kal) 009, apatites are similar in terms of their H2O contents (∼600–3000 ppm) and δD values (−100 to 200‰). In SaU 169, apatites contain ∼6000–10,000 ppm Cl, characterized by δ37Cl of ∼5–12‰. Overall, most of the analyzed apatite grains have δD within the range reported for carbonaceous chondrites, similar to apatite analyzed in ancient (>3.9 Ga) lunar magmatic. One grain in NWA 4472 has H and Cl isotope compositions similar to apatite from mare basalts. With an age of 4.35 Ga, this grain could be a representative of the oldest known lunar volcanic activity. Finally, since numerous evolved clasts in NWA 773 formed through silicate liquid immiscibility, the apatite grains with extremely high H2O contents, reaching pure hydroxylapatite composition, could provide insights into the effects of such process on the evolution of volatiles in lunar magmas.
Non‐digestible oligosaccharides modulate intestinal immune activation and suppress cow's milk allergic symptoms
Authors: Kerperien J. , Jeurink P. V. , Wehkamp T. , van der Veer A. , van de Kant H. J. G. , Hofman G. A. , van Esch E. C. A. M. , Garssen J. , Willemsen L. E. M. , Knippels L. M. J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundCow's milk allergy is a common food allergy in childhood and no effective preventive or curative treatment is available. This study aimed at comparing single short‐chain galacto‐ (scGOS), long‐chain fructo‐ (lcFOS) or pectin‐derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOS) and/or mixtures of scGOS/lcFOS (GF) or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS (GFA) to prevent or treat food allergy.MethodsIn the preventive protocol, C3H/HeOuJ mice were fed diets containing single oligosaccharides or mixtures GF or GFA throughout the study protocol. In the treatment protocol, GF or GFA was provided for 4 wk starting after the last sensitization. The allergic skin response and anaphylaxis scores were determined, after oral challenge whey‐specific immunoglobulins were measured, and qPCR for T‐cell markers and Foxp3 counts using immunohistochemistry were performed on the small intestine and colon.ResultsOnly in the preventive setting, the GF or GFA mixture, but not the single oligosaccharides, reduced the allergic skin response and whey‐IgG1 levels in whey‐sensitized mice, compared to the control diet. Both GF and GFA increased the number of Foxp3+ cells in the proximal small intestine of whey – compared to sham‐sensitized mice. Expression of Th2 and Th17 mRNA markers increased in the middle part of the small intestine of whey‐sensitized mice, which was prevented by GF. By contrast, GFA enhanced Tbet (Th1), IL‐10 and TGF‐β mRNA expression compared to GF which was maintained in the distal small intestine and/or colon.ConclusionsDietary supplementation with scGOS/lcFOS or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS during sensitization, both effectively reduce allergic symptoms but differentially affect mucosal immune activation in whey‐sensitized mice.
Getting entangled with body image: Development and validation of a new measure
Authors: Ferreira Cláudia , Trindade Inês A. , Duarte Cristiana , Pinto‐Gouveia José 
Published: November 2014

ObjectivesSeveral studies have highlighted the role of cognitive fusion on human suffering and a wide range of psychopathological conditions. Namely, this process has been regarded as a core aspect in eating disorders. Nevertheless, the study of cognitive fusion on eating psychopathology is scarce and a measure that specifically concerns body image was still to be created. The present study aimed therefore at developing and validating such measure, the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire – Body Image (CFQ‐BI).Design and methodsThe current study was conducted using different samples of both genders, collected in the general and student populations. The dimensionality of the CFQ‐BI was tested through an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The scale's internal reliability and other psychometric qualities were also analysed.ResultsThe CFQ‐BI's final structure was one‐dimensional and comprised 10 items that assess body image‐related cognitive fusion. This final structure explained a total of 73.41% of the variance. The adequacy of the questionnaire was corroborated through a CFA which revealed that CFQ‐BI presents good global and local adjustment values and goodness‐of‐fit indices. Results also showed that the CFQ‐BI holds a very good internal consistency (α = .96), convergent, divergent and temporal reliabilities, and is able to discriminate cases from non‐cases of eating psychopathology.ConclusionsThe CFQ‐BI was thus established as a short, robust, and reliable measure of body image‐related cognitive fusion. This new measure may correspond to a significant contribution to research and clinical practice in the field of body image and eating‐related difficulties.Practitioner points

A new measure of body image‐related cognitive fusion (CFQ‐BI) was developed.

The CFQ‐BI was proved to be a short, robust, and reliable measure.

Body image‐related cognitive fusion was strongly linked to eating psychopathology.

CFQ‐BI may be useful in eating psychopathology's research and clinical practice.
A three‐dimensional head‐and‐neck phantom for validation of multimodality deformable image registration for adaptive radiotherapy
Authors: Singhrao Kamal , Kirby Neil , Pouliot Jean 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To develop a three‐dimensional (3D) deformable head‐and‐neck (H&N) phantom with realistic tissue contrast for both kilovoltage (kV) and megavoltage (MV) imaging modalities and use it to objectively evaluate deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms.Methods:The phantom represents H&N patient anatomy. It is constructed from thermoplastic, which becomes pliable in boiling water, and hardened epoxy resin. Using a system of additives, the Hounsfield unit (HU) values of these materials were tuned to mimic anatomy for both kV and MV imaging. The phantom opens along a sagittal midsection to reveal radiotransparent markers, which were used to characterize the phantom deformation. The deformed and undeformed phantoms were scanned with kV and MV imaging modalities. Additionally, a calibration curve was created to change the HUs of the MV scans to be similar to kV HUs, (MC). The extracted ground‐truth deformation was then compared to the results of two commercially available DIR algorithms, from Velocity Medical Solutions and mim software.Results:The phantom produced a 3D deformation, representing neck flexion, with a magnitude of up to 8 mm and was able to represent tissue HUs for both kV and MV imaging modalities. The two tested deformation algorithms yielded vastly different results. For kV–kV registration, mim produced mean and maximum errors of 1.8 and 11.5 mm, respectively. These same numbers for Velocity were 2.4 and 7.1 mm, respectively. For MV–MV, kV–MV, and kV–MC Velocity produced similar mean and maximum error values. mim, however, produced gross errors for all three of these scenarios, with maximum errors ranging from 33.4 to 41.6 mm.Conclusions:The application of DIR across different imaging modalities is particularly difficult, due to differences in tissue HUs and the presence of imaging artifacts. For this reason, DIR algorithms must be validated specifically for this purpose. The developed H&N phantom is an effective tool for this purpose.
Effect of Physical Activity, Nutritional Education, and Consumption of Extra Virgin Olive Oil on Lipid, Physiological, and Anthropometric Profiles in a Pediatric Population
Authors: Muros José Joaquín , Zabala Mikel , Oliveras-López María Jesús , Bouzas Paula Rodríguez , Knox Emily , Rufián-Henares José Ángel , de la Serrana Herminia López-García 
Published: November 2014

Background:The aim of this study was to determine the effects of nutritional education and vigorous physical activity on health-related parameters.Methods:The sample group consisted of 134 children from 5 rurally located schools. Participants were divided between 5 different experimental groups: control group (CG), physical activity group (PA), nutritional education group (NE), combined intervention group (PA+NE), and a combined intervention group with additional substitution of normally used oil for extra virgin olive oil (EVOO; PA+NE+EVOO). The intervention consisted of 60 minute sessions of physical activity held twice a week as well as nutritional education sessions held over 6 months.Results:Students in the groups receiving physical activity reduced their fat percentage and increased their muscle mass post intervention. At posttest the lipid profile improved in all intervention groups. The proportion of macronutrients and dietary cholesterol improved in the groups receiving nutritional education. The posttest comparison showed significantly lower fat percentage, sum of skinfolds and waist circumference in NE relative to CG and PA relative to CG. Diastolic blood pressure and glycaemia were significantly lower in PA+NE+EVOO relative to CG.Conclusion:A school-based program consisting of nutritional education or nutritional education plus a physical activity program showed a positive effect on health-related parameters in children.
Detection of Chikungunya Virus Antigen by a Novel Rapid Immunochromatographic Test
Authors: Okabayashi Tamaki , Sasaki Tadahiro , Masrinoul Promsin , Chantawat Nantarat , Yoksan Sutee , Nitatpattana Narong , Chusri Sarunyou , Morales Vargas Ronald E. , Grandadam Marc , Brey Paul T. , Soegijanto Soegeng , Mulyantno Kris Cahyo , Churrotin Siti , Kotaki Tomohiro , Faye Oumar , Faye Ousmane , Sow Abdourahmane , Sall Amadou Alpha , Puiprom Orapim , Chaichana Panjaporn , Kurosu Takeshi , Kato Seiji , Kosaka Mieko , Ramasoota Pongrama , Ikuta Kazuyoshi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTChikungunya fever is a mosquito-borne disease of key public health importance in tropical and subtropical countries. Although severe joint pain is the most distinguishing feature of chikungunya fever, diagnosis remains difficult because the symptoms of chikungunya fever are shared by many pathogens, including dengue fever. The present study aimed to develop a new immunochromatographic diagnosis test for the detection of chikungunya virus antigen in serum. Mice were immunized with isolates from patients with Thai chikungunya fever, East/Central/South African genotype, to produce mouse monoclonal antibodies against chikungunya virus. Using these monoclonal antibodies, a new diagnostic test was developed and evaluated for the detection of chikungunya virus. The newly developed diagnostic test reacted with not only the East/Central/South African genotype but also with the Asian and West African genotypes of chikungunya virus. Testing of sera from patients suspected to have chikungunya fever in Thailand (n= 50), Laos (n= 54), Indonesia (n= 2), and Senegal (n= 6) revealed sensitivity, specificity, and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) agreement values of 89.4%, 94.4%, and 91.1%, respectively. In our study using serial samples, a new diagnostic test showed high agreement with the RT-PCR within the first 5 days after onset. A rapid diagnostic test was developed using mouse monoclonal antibodies that react with chikungunya virus envelope proteins. The diagnostic accuracy of our test is clinically acceptable for chikungunya fever in the acute phase.
Use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Molds of the Fusarium Genus
Authors: Triest David , Stubbe Dirk , De Cremer Koen , Piérard Denis , Normand Anne-Cécile , Piarroux Renaud , Detandt Monique , Hendrickx Marijke 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

The rates of infection with
Fusarium
molds are increasing, and a diverse number of
Fusarium
spp. belonging to different species complexes can cause infection. Conventional species identification in the clinical laboratory is time-consuming and prone to errors. We therefore evaluated whether matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a useful alternative. The 289
Fusarium
strains from the Belgian Coordinated Collections of Microorganisms (BCCM)/Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Mycology (IHEM) culture collection with validated sequence-based identities and comprising 40 species were used in this study. An identification strategy was developed, applying a standardized MALDI-TOF MS assay and an in-house reference spectrum database.
In vitro
antifungal testing was performed to assess important differences in susceptibility between clinically relevant species/species complexes. We observed that no incorrect species complex identifications were made by MALDI-TOF MS, and 82.8% of the identifications were correct to the species level. This success rate was increased to 91% by lowering the cutoff for identification. Although the identification of the correct species complex member was not always guaranteed, antifungal susceptibility testing showed that discriminating between
Fusarium
species complexes can be important for treatment but is not necessarily required between members of a species complex. With this perspective, some
Fusarium
species complexes with closely related members can be considered as a whole, increasing the success rate of correct identifications to 97%. The application of our user-friendly MALDI-TOF MS identification approach resulted in a dramatic improvement in both time and accuracy compared to identification with the conventional method. A proof of principle of our MALDI-TOF MS approach in the clinical setting using recently isolated
Fusarium
strains demonstrated its validity.
Comparison of Chromogenic Media for Recovery of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and Evaluation of CPE Prevalence at a Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center
Authors: Pence Morgan A. , Hink Tiffany , Burnham Carey-Ann D. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the performance characteristics of chromID CARBA and HardyCHROM Carbapenemase for the detection of carbapenemase-producing
Enterobacteriaceae
(CPE). A CPE prevalence study was conducted using chromID CARBA; this demonstrated that in low-prevalence settings, CPE screening agars may lack specificity, and confirmation of putative isolates is necessary.
Identification of a Variant in KDR Associated with Serum VEGFR2 and Pharmacodynamics of Pazopanib
Authors: Maitland Michael L. , Xu Chun-Fang , Cheng Yu-Ching , Kistner-Griffin Emily , Ryan Kathleen A. , Karrison Theodore G. , Das Soma , Torgerson Dara , Gamazon Eric R. , Thomeas Vasiliki , Levine Matthew R. , Wilson Paul A. , Bing Nan , Liu Yuan , Cardon Lon R. , Pandite Lini N. , O'Connell Jeffrey R. , Cox Nancy J. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Ratain Mark J. , Shuldiner Alan R. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Purpose: VEGF receptor (VEGFR) kinases are important drug targets in oncology that affect function of systemic endothelial cells. To discover genetic markers that affect VEGFR inhibitor pharmacodynamics, we performed a genome-wide association study of serum soluble vascular VEGFR2 concentrations [sVEGFR2], a pharmacodynamic biomarker for VEGFR2 inhibitors.
Experimental Design: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of [sVEGFR2] in 736 healthy Old Order Amish volunteers. Gene variants identified from the GWAS were genotyped serially in a cohort of 128 patients with advanced solid tumor with baseline [sVEGFR2] measurements, and in 121 patients with renal carcinoma with [sVEGFR2] measured before and during pazopanib therapy.
Results: rs34231037 (C482R) in KDR, the gene encoding sVEGFR2 was found to be highly associated with [sVEGFR2], explaining 23% of the variance (P = 2.7 × 10−37). Association of rs34231037 with [sVEGFR2] was replicated in 128 patients with cancer with comparable effect size (P = 0.025). Furthermore, rs34231037 was a significant predictor of changes in [sVEGFR2] in response to pazopanib (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that genome-wide analysis of phenotypes in healthy populations can expedite identification of candidate pharmacogenetic markers. Genotyping for germline variants in KDR may have clinical utility in identifying patients with cancer with unusual sensitivity to effects of VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 365–72. ©2014 AACR.