bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co-registration of glucose metabolism with positron emission tomography and vascularity with fluorescent diffuse optical tomography in mouse tumors
Authors: Tong Xiao , Garofalakis Anikitos , Dubois Albertine , Boisgard Raphaël , Ducongé Frédéric , Trébossen Régine , Tavitian Bertrand 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Bimodal molecular imaging with fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (fDOT) and positron emission tomography (PET) has the capacity to provide multiple molecular information of mouse tumors. The objective of the present study is to co-register fDOT and PET molecular images of tumors in mice automatically.

Methods
The coordinates of bimodal fiducial markers (FM) in regions of detection were automatically detected in planar optical images (x, y positions) in laser pattern optical surface images (z position) and in 3-D PET images. A transformation matrix was calculated from the coordinates of the FM in fDOT and in PET and applied in order to co-register images of mice bearing neuroendocrine tumors.

Results
The method yielded accurate non-supervised co-registration of fDOT and PET images. The mean fiducial registration error was smaller than the respective voxel sizes for both modalities, allowing comparison of the distribution of contrast agents from both modalities in mice. Combined imaging depicting tumor metabolism with PET-[18 F]2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose and blood pool with fDOT demonstrated partial overlap of the two signals.

Conclusions
This automatic method for co-registration of fDOT with PET and other modalities is efficient, simple and rapid, opening up multiplexing capacities for experimental in vivo molecular imaging.
Simulations of symptomatic treatments for Alzheimer's disease: computational analysis of pathology and mechanisms of drug action
Authors: Roberts Patrick D , Spiros Athan , Geerts Hugo 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
A substantial number of therapeutic drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD) have failed in late-stage trials, highlighting the translational disconnect with pathology-based animal models.

Methods
To bridge the gap between preclinical animal models and clinical outcomes, we implemented a conductance-based computational model of cortical circuitry to simulate working memory as a measure for cognitive function. The model was initially calibrated using preclinical data on receptor pharmacology of catecholamine and cholinergic neurotransmitters. The pathology of AD was subsequently implemented as synaptic and neuronal loss and a decrease in cholinergic tone. The model was further calibrated with clinical Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog) results on acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and 5-HT6 antagonists to improve the model's prediction of clinical outcomes.

Results
As an independent validation, we reproduced clinical data for apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes showing that the ApoE4 genotype reduces the network performance much more in mild cognitive impairment conditions than at later stages of AD pathology. We then demonstrated the differential effect of memantine, an N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) subunit selective weak inhibitor, in early and late AD pathology, and show that inhibition of the NMDA receptor NR2C/NR2D subunits located on inhibitory interneurons compensates for the greater excitatory decline observed with pathology.

Conclusions
This quantitative systems pharmacology approach is shown to be complementary to traditional animal models, with the potential to assess potential off-target effects, the consequences of pharmacologically active human metabolites, the effect of comedications, and the impact of a small number of well described genotypes.
A common copy-number breakpoint of ERBB2 amplification in breast cancer colocalizes with a complex block of segmental duplications
Authors: Marotta Michael , Chen Xiongfong , Inoshita Ayako , Stephens Robert , Thomas Budd G , Crowe Joseph P , Lyons Joanne , Kondratova Anna , Tubbs Raymond , Tanaka Hisashi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Introduction
Segmental duplications (low-copy repeats) are the recently duplicated genomic segments in the human genome that display nearly identical (> 90%) sequences and account for about 5% of euchromatic regions. In germline, duplicated segments mediate nonallelic homologous recombination and thus cause both non-disease-causing copy-number variants and genomic disorders. To what extent duplicated segments play a role in somatic DNA rearrangements in cancer remains elusive. Duplicated segments often cluster and form genomic blocks enriched with both direct and inverted repeats (complex genomic regions). Such complex regions could be fragile and play a mechanistic role in the amplification of the ERBB2 gene in breast tumors, because repeated sequences are known to initiate gene amplification in model systems.

Methods
We conducted polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays for primary breast tumors and analyzed publically available array-comparative genomic hybridization data to map a common copy-number breakpoint in ERBB2-amplified primary breast tumors. We further used molecular, bioinformatics, and population-genetics approaches to define duplication contents, structural variants, and haplotypes within the common breakpoint.

Results
We found a large (> 300-kb) block of duplicated segments that was colocalized with a common-copy number breakpoint for ERBB2 amplification. The breakpoint that potentially initiated ERBB2 amplification localized in a region 1.5 megabases (Mb) on the telomeric side of ERBB2. The region is very complex, with extensive duplications of KRTAP genes, structural variants, and, as a result, a paucity of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Duplicated segments are varied in size and degree of sequence homology, indicating that duplications have occurred recurrently during genome evolution.

Conclusions
Amplification of the ERBB2 gene in breast tumors is potentially initiated by a complex region that has unusual genomic features and thus requires rigorous, labor-intensive investigation. The haplotypes we provide could be useful to identify the potential association between the complex region and ERBB2 amplification.
Organellar proteomics reveals hundreds of novel nuclear proteins in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Oehring Sophie C , Woodcroft Ben J , Moes Suzette , Wetzel Johanna , Dietz Olivier , Pulfer Andreas , Dekiwadia Chaitali , Maeser Pascal , Flueck Christian , Witmer Kathrin , Brancucci Nicolas MB , Niederwieser Igor , Jenoe Paul , Ralph Stuart A , Voss Till S 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background
The post-genomic era of malaria research provided unprecedented insights into the biology of Plasmodium parasites. Due to the large evolutionary distance to model eukaryotes, however, we lack a profound understanding of many processes in Plasmodium biology. One example is the cell nucleus, which controls the parasite genome in a development- and cell cycle-specific manner through mostly unknown mechanisms. To study this important organelle in detail, we conducted an integrative analysis of the P. falciparum nuclear proteome.

Results
We combined high accuracy mass spectrometry and bioinformatic approaches to present for the first time an experimentally determined core nuclear proteome for P. falciparum. Besides a large number of factors implicated in known nuclear processes, one-third of all detected proteins carry no functional annotation, including many phylum- or genus-specific factors. Importantly, extensive experimental validation using 30 transgenic cell lines confirmed the high specificity of this inventory, and revealed distinct nuclear localization patterns of hitherto uncharacterized proteins. Further, our detailed analysis identified novel protein domains potentially implicated in gene transcription pathways, and sheds important new light on nuclear compartments and processes including regulatory complexes, the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and nuclear import pathways.

Conclusion
Our study provides comprehensive new insight into the biology of the Plasmodium nucleus and will serve as an important platform for dissecting general and parasite-specific nuclear processes in malaria parasites. Moreover, as the first nuclear proteome characterized in any protist organism, it will provide an important resource for studying evolutionary aspects of nuclear biology.
Improving the prediction of the functional impact of cancer mutations by baseline tolerance transformation
Authors: Gonzalez-Perez Abel , Deu-Pons Jordi , Lopez-Bigas Nuria 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh-throughput prioritization of cancer-causing mutations (drivers) is a key challenge of cancer genome projects, due to the number of somatic variants detected in tumors. One important step in this task is to assess the functional impact of tumor somatic mutations. A number of computational methods have been employed for that purpose, although most were originally developed to distinguish disease-related nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) from polymorphisms. Our new method, transformed Functional Impact score for Cancer (transFIC), improves the assessment of the functional impact of tumor nsSNVs by taking into account the baseline tolerance of genes to functional variants.
Loop: Corporeal and conceptual reflections on Loop (2011), an unsighted durational performance
Authors: Gray Victoria 
Published: November 2012

Loop (2011) was an unsighted, live durational work that unfolded over six hours. It was presented at Siobhan Davies Studios London as part of ‘What Now’ (2011),curated by Gill Clarke and Fiona Millward, co-directors of Independent Dance.‘What Now’ presented experimental
work by artists working with expanded notions of choreographic thinking, addressing time, space, movement and the body in innovative ways.
This article discusses the kinesthetic experience of the unsighted six-hour performance. Additionally, it aims to contextualize this experience by weaving
theoretical, critical and conceptual concerns from within the field of dance, with personal and affective reflections. It does so by highlighting the sub-headings; Gesture, Time, Anatomy, Seeing, Hearing and Embodiment, whose function is to act as readerly and writerly landmarks within the
landscape of a six-hour process and within the context of my practice more broadly.
The document is illustrated by a selection of images from the performance and a visual score.
German film distribution in Scandinavia during World War II
Authors: Winkel Roel Vande , Jönsson Mats , Sørensen Lars-Martin , Sørenssen Bjørn 
Published: November 2012

This article analyses Nazi Germany's film export policy towards Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) during World War II. The German film industry (Ufa, Tobis and others), steered by the German ministry of propaganda, took advantage of the military successes achieved by the Wehrmacht
and tried to become a dominant supplier of films, hoping to take over the leading position of the American film industry. However, each film market presented its own series of problems, created by the local industry, by local political organizations or by other German organizations (occupation
authorities) with agendas of their own. One of the side effects of Germany's aggressive film policy was, ironically, increased domestic production, enthusiastically embraced by film-goers eager to avoid German films.
This article is by and large based on archival documents, consulted in
the German Federal Archives, the Danish National Archives, the Danish Film Institute, the National Archives of Norway, the Swedish Film Institute and the Swedish National Archives. The article does not aspire to provide a definitive, in-depth analysis of German-Scandinavian film relations
during the war, but rather sketches an international framework that leaves room for amendments, corrections and future scholarship.
The Impact of Food Environment on Private Label versus Branded Produce Choice
Authors: Schroeter Christiane , Cai Xiaowei 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Over the past two decades, retailers are providing more Private label foods (PL), which are directly competing with the National brand (NB) products. For years, PLs competed as generic and cheaper versions with their high-priced NB substitute. However, modern PLs have improved in product quality relative to NBs and are available in the premium, organic, and even produce sections with the goal to distinguish themselves from their competitors’ product lines. One of the fastest growing segments in the produce industry consists of triple-washed cello-packed spinach. Using a two-step Heckman model, we determine the impact of household purchase information, demographics, and food environment on PL spinach purchasing behavior. Given its regional dominance with regard to spinach production and fresh spinach consumption, we focus on households residing in the U.S. West. Results show that food environment is the main driver for PL spinach purchases. We determine that specialty stores might be traditional channels for purchasing organic PL spinach, while supercenters might take the role of the main outlet for conventional NBs. An understanding of what factors might encourage increased consumption of healthful foods is important to producers and marketers for developing effective strategies in order to reach beyond the traditional consumer base.
The success of new exporting countries in a traditional Agri-business industry, 1961-2005
Authors: Parcero Osiris J. , Villanueva Emiliano 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
This paper looks at the evolution of the world wine industry in the period 1961-2005. A particular stylized fact is the appearance of non-traditional producing and exporting countries of wine from the beginning of the nineties. We show that the success of these new producing and exporting countries can be explained by the importance of the demand from non-producing countries with little or no tradition of wine consumption, relative to the world demand. This stylized fact is consistent with a testable implication of the switching cost literature and to the best of our knowledge this is the first time that this implication is tested.
Modeling and Simulation of a Packed-bed Reactor for Carrying out the Water-Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Manrique Yaidelin A. , Miguel Carlos V. , Mendes Diogo , Mendes Adelio , Madeira Luis M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this work the water-gas shift (WGS) process was addressed, with particular emphasis in the development of phenomenological models that can reproduce experimental results in a WGS reactor operating at low temperatures. It was simulated the conversion obtained in a fixed-bed reactor (PBR) packed with a Cu-based catalyst making use of a composed kinetic equation in which the Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate model was used for the lowest temperature range (up to 215 ºC), while for temperatures in the range 215 – 300 ºC a redox model was employed. Several packed-bed reactor models were then proposed, all of them without any fitting parameters. After comparing the simulations against experimental CO conversion data for different temperatures and space time values, it was concluded that the heterogeneous model comprising axial dispersion and mass transfer resistances shows the best fitting. This model revealed also good adherence to other experiments employing different feed compositions (CO and H2O contents); it predicts also the overall trend of increasing CO conversion with the total pressure. This modeling work is particularly important for small scale applications related with hydrogen production/purification for fuel cells.
Everywhere 𝒞α-estimates for a class of nonlinear elliptic systems with critical growth
Authors: Bulíček Miroslav , Frehse Jens , Steinhauer Mark 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.
We obtain everywhere 𝒞α-regularity for vector solutions to a class of nonlinear elliptic systems whose principal part is the Euler operator to a variational integral

∫
F
(
u
,
∇
u
)

d
x

${\int F(u,\nabla u)\, dx}$

with quadratic growth in

∇
u

${\nabla u}$

and which satisfies a generalized splitting condition that cover the case

F

(
u
,
∇
u
)

:
=

∑
i

Q
i

,

$
{F(u,\nabla u):= \sum _i Q_i},\vspace*{-2.27621pt}
$

where

Q
i

:
=

∑

α
β

A
i

α
β

(
u
,
∇
u
)

∇

u
α

·
∇

u
β

${Q_i := \sum _{\alpha \beta } A^{\alpha \beta }_i(u,\nabla u) \nabla u^{\alpha } \cdot \nabla u^{\beta }}$

, or the case

F

(
u
,
∇
u
)

:
=

∏
i

(
1
+

Q
i

)

θ
i

.

$
{F(u,\nabla u) := \prod _i (1+Q_i)^{\theta _i}}.\vspace*{-2.13394pt}
$

A crucial assumption is the one-sided condition

F
u

(
u
,
η
)

·
u
≥
-
K

$
F_u (u,\eta ) \cdot u \ge -K\vspace*{-0.62596pt}
$

and related generalizations. In the elliptic case we obtain existence of 𝒞α-solutions. If the leading operator is not necessarily elliptic but coercive,
possible minima are everywhere Hölder continuous and the same holds also for Noether solutions, i.e., extremals which are also stationary with respect to
inner variations. In particular if

A

α
β

(
u
,
∇
u
)

=

A

α
β

(
u
)

${A^{\alpha \beta }(u,\nabla u)=A^{\alpha \beta } (u)}$

, our result generalizes a result of Giaquinta and Giusti. The technique of our proof (using weighted norms and inhomogeneous hole-filling method) does not rely on

L
∞

${L^{\infty }}$

-a priori estimates for the solution.
Metrics in the family of star bodies
Authors: Sójka G. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In this paper we consider different ways of introducing metrics in the family of star bodies. We begin with basic properties of metrics commonly used. Then we use selectors (see Definition 4.1) to extend the radial metric (see Definition 3.2) over the class of all star bodies in n-dimensional euclidean space. This way we obtain two slightly different metrics δφ and δφker (see Definition 4.2). We show that both metric spaces obtained are separable. Further, we present an analytic approach to the radial function. It enables us to define the metric δφ
L ' (see Definition 5.3). We prove that if we use δφ
L ' in the family of star bodies whose kernels have non-empty interiors, then the mapping K 7→ kerK is continuous.
Expanded newborn screening and confirmatory follow-up testing for inborn errors of metabolism detected by tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ozben Tomris 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) is a coordinated comprehensive system consisting of education, screening, follow-up of abnormal test results, confirmatory testing, diagnosis, treatment, and evaluation of periodic outcome and efficiency. The ultimate goal of NBS and follow-up programs is to reduce morbidity and mortality from the disorders. Over the past decade, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has become a key technology in the field of NBS. It has replaced classic screening techniques of one-analysis, one-metabolite, one-disease with one analysis, many-metabolites, and many-diseases. The development of electrospray ionization (ESI), automation of sample handling and data manipulation have allowed the introduction of expanded NBS for the identification of numerous conditions on a single sample and new conditions to be added to the list of disorders being screened for using MS/MS. In the case of a screened positive result, a follow-up analytical test should be performed for confirmation of the primary result. The most common confirmatory follow-up tests are amino acids and acylcarnitine analysis in plasma and organic acid analysis in urine. NBS should be integrated with follow-up and clinical management. Recent improvements in therapy have caused some disorders to be considered as potential candidates for NBS. This review covers some of the basic theory of expanded MS/MS and follow-up confirmatory tests applied for NBS of IEM.
Substitution of phenol in phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins by wood tar for plywood adhesives
Authors: Lu Kun-Tsung , Wu Lang-Yue 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Wood tars from Acacia confusa Merr. and Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. were produced by reduced pressure distillation at 76 mm Hg and 50°C from the bottom layer of crude wood vinegars that had set for over 6 months. The feasibility of using water-soluble, resole-type, wood tar phenol-formaldehyde resins (WT-PF) was investigated. The resins were prepared from phenol (P) and wood tars (WTs) at weight ratios of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60 and F/P molar ratios of 1.5, 1.8 and 2.0 as plywood adhesives. The results demonstrated that WT-PF resins had a higher viscosity, shorter gel times, a higher polydispersity, a lower curing temperature and less heat of curing than conventional PF resins under the same conditions. The shear strength of plywood bonded with WT-PF resins was slightly lower than that of conventional PF resin. However, the WT-PF resin still met the CNS 1349 requirement for the dry test, and phenol substitution levels could be up to 60%, but only 20% for type I and type II plywood. The addition of A. confusa bark powder fillers could significantly improve the bonding strength of WT-PF resins, especially for the warm water soaking and soaking in boiling water tests. The required amounts of fillers added were up to 5% for A. confusa WT-PF resins and up to 3% for C. japonica resins.
Reducing copper leaching from treated wood by sol-gel derived TiO2 and SiO2 depositions
Authors: Mahr Muhammad Shabir , Hübert Thomas , Stephan Ina , Bücker Michael , Militz Holger 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The antileaching efficacy of sol-gel-derived TiO2- and SiO2-based precursors has been evaluated through laboratory leaching trials with pine sapwood in two different ways. In a one-step process, wood was vacuum impregnated by the precursor solutions containing CuCl2. The copper (Cu) emission rates of the sol-gel-based impregnated woods were up to 70% lower than that of wood treated with pure CuCl2 solution at the same level of concentration. More improvement (80%) could be achieved in a two-step process, in which sol-gel precursors were introduced into an already CuCl2-treated wood. The refinement was attributed to several effects. In the one-step approach, Cu was embedded in the TiO2/SiO2 gels formed in the wood texture. During a two-step impregnation, gel layers that were formed in the wooden interior acted as an effective diffusion barrier. The sol-gel impregnations made wood more hydrophobic; therefore, the low amount of water that penetrated the cell wall was less efficient to leach out Cu.
The adsorption and dispersing mechanisms of sodium lignosulfonate on Al2O3 particles in aqueous solution
Authors: Li Rong , Yang Dongjie , Guo Wenyuan , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The adsorption behavior and dispersion efficiency of sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on Al2O3 particles at different pH values were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, zeta potential measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. The effects of the additives urea, Na2SO4, and NaCl were tested. At low pH values, NaLS adsorbed on the Al2O3 particles in the form of aggregates and at high pH values as separated single molecules. At pH 3–11, the adsorption was not affected through addition of urea, ruling out hydrogen bond as a controlling factor. By adding Na2SO4 and NaCl, the main driving force was the synergistic effect of the electrostatic interaction and the metal cation-π interaction at pH<pHIEP (IEP, isoelectric point), whereas the metal cation-π interaction was dominant at pH>pHIEP. The dispersing mechanism was mainly attributed to the steric hindrance (at pH<pHIEP) and the electrostatic repulsive force (at pH>pHIEP) owing to the differences in the aggregation state of the adsorbed molecules.