bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Lightning Mortality in the United States from 1979 – 2022
Authors: Marion Jason W , Lanning Eli , Brown D. Gary 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Climate change has been linked to an increased prevalence of lightning activity associated with hazardous storm formation. An increased frequency in lightning activity in the United States (US) would presumably increase the risk and incidence for lightning-related injuries and fatalities. Using cause of death data available from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) via their WONDER online databases and the National Weather Service, the results showed a steady decline in the lightning-related mortality incidence and incidence rates in the US from 1979–2022. In the early 1980s, U.S. death rates were near four per 10 million, and are now near one per 10 million. Death rates in the American South are higher, but have also experienced improvement, having fallen from near six per 10 million in the early 1980s to two per 10 million in recent years. A limitation of this study is a lack of data on lightning-related injuries. Overall, the steady decline in lightning-related deaths in the US likely is related to a multitude of factors including early storm reporting, improved risk communication, improved public education regarding the hazard, increased urbanization and mechanization of outdoor work, improvements in emergency medical care, among other weather-related risk reduction strategies. These results highlight the success of risk reduction strategies for reducing lightning-associated mortality in the US while the threat of hazardous lightning has likely continued to increase.
Characteristics of Macrobenthic Communities and their Response to Environmental Changes in East Taihu Lake, China
Authors: Yang Changming , Ding Shuhan , Niu Yangdan , Zhang Xiang , Li Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

As an important component of aquatic ecosystems, benthic animals are sensitive bioindicators for evaluating water pollution. In this study, we investigated the diversity of macrobenthic communities and analyzed the pivotal environmental factors affecting alterations in the macrobenthic communities of East Taihu Lake. This analysis was augmented by controlled laboratory simulation experiments designed to elucidate and validate the responses of critical indicator species within various functional zones to environmental shifts. This study shows:(1) Bellamya purificata, Limnodrilus and Tubifex were the dominant species on a year-round scale. Water depth was the most important environmental factor affecting the macrobenthic communities;(2) Simulation experiments revealed that the growth condition of Bellamya was significantly worse in the simulated entrance area than in the simulated original enclosure aquaculture and wetland areas. The growth of Radix auricularia was significantly better in the presence of aquatic plants than in the absence of plants, and was more significantly influenced by environmental factors closely related to aquatic plants. The densities of Annelida were significantly higher in the treatment group without plants than that with plants, generally showing the trend of the simulated original enclosure aquaculture area > the simulated entrance area > the simulated wetland area. The trend of diversity was mainly influenced by environmental factors such as turbidity and eutrophication index of the water, which was consistent with the results of the field survey.
Predicting the state of charge of lithium ion battery in E Vehicles using Box-Jenkins combined Artificial Neural Network Model
Authors: Louis Glarida Amala , Sampathkumar Siddharth 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This manuscript used artificial neural networks to predict the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. For this, a hybrid model that combined Box–Jenkins and artificial neural network techniques was used. The original Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) model was developed in three stages: finding the best fit using Auto-Correlation Function (ACRF) and Partial Auto-Correlation Function (PACRF) in the first stage, parameter estimation in stage two & verification in stage three using the Ljung-box technique. For the purpose of estimating the dynamic system response, the second model was developed using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network with feedforward backpropagation. Prediction accuracy was significantly increased by the combination model, which integrated non-linear Artificial Neural Network model with linear Auto-Regressive Moving Average model. Notably, the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles could be accurately predicted using a four-parameter model that included Charge Rate, Voltage, Depth of Discharge, and Energy Density.
Associations between novel anthropometric indices and cognitive function among U.S. older adults
Authors: Tan Zhichun , Deng Hongmei , Nie Yaxin , Yan Ning , Ai Lixin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous obesity indices have struggled to accurately account for the relationship between obesity and cognitive function, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between two novel anthropometric indices: A body size index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI), and cognitive function in an older population in the United States.
Methods
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2012 and 2013–2014. To evaluate cognitive function, three cognitive assessments were employed: the Consortium for the Establishment of an Alzheimer's Disease Registry (CERAD) test, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Logistic regression analyses were further applied to investigate the association between ABSI/BRI and cognitive test scores, as well as with the odds of cognitive impairment (CI) prevalence, respectively. A smoothed fitting curve was also used to describe the nonlinear negative association between the above two novel anthropometric indices and cognitive function. Interaction tests and subgroup analyses were also performed.
Results
The study included 2639 older participants aged 60 years and older. After adjusting for confounding variables, our analyses revealed a statistically significant negative association between ABSI and BRI and cognitive function. Compared with individuals in the lowest quartile of the ABSI, individuals in the highest quartile had decreased CERAD scores (β = -0.69, 95% CI: -1.36, -0.03, p-value = 0.0401) and decreased DSST scores (β = -2.15, 95% CI: -3.58, -0.72, p-value = 0.0033). Individuals in the second quartile had decreased CERAD scores compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of BRI (β = -0.68, 95% CI: -1.35, -0.01, p-value = 0.0479). In addition, higher ABSI was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of CI, with an increased odds of CI prevalence in individuals in the highest quartile compared to individuals in the lowest quartile of ABSI (CERAD OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.24, p-value < 0.0458; DSST OR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.33, p-value = 0.0093).
Conclusions
ABSI and BRI were strongly associated with cognitive decline among US. older adults. In addition, higher ABSI levels may be positively associated with the odds of CI prevalence.
Relationship between Prices of Fixed-dose and Free-equivalent Combination: A Survey of Medicines in China's National Reimbursement Drug List
Authors: FENG YIMAN , Li Wei , Wang Jiayun , Ding Jinxi , Jin Chunlin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives This study investigates the relationship between the prices of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) and free-equivalent combinations (FECs) within China's National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL). The focus is on comparing their price ratios.Methods We identified FDCs and FECs listed in the NRDL, along with recent bidding data. Publicly listed prices and characteristics of these medications were collected from Chinese government websites and commercial databases. Price ratios were calculated after adjusting for the active pharmaceutical ingredient's strength and dosage form, following the "Chinese Pharmaceutical Differential Pricing Rules."Results The analysis showed that the price ratios of FDCs to FECs in the NRDL averaged 1.11 ± 0.77 (Mean ± Standard Deviation). The price ratios varied significantly across different therapeutic areas, with the highest ratios observed in cardiovascular system drugs, followed by systemic anti-infective agents, digestive tract and metabolism drugs, and respiratory system drugs. FDCs in the negotiation catalog had lower and more stable price ratios compared to those in the regular catalog. The significant price reduction of FECs or FDCs due to the volume-based procurement (VBP) program also affected their price ratios.Conclusions The relationship between the prices of FDCs and FECs within China's NRDL is not clearly defined. These price ratios vary substantially across different therapeutic areas and drug categories and are influenced by the VBP program. These findings provide valuable insights for decision-makers on pricing strategies for newly reimbursed FDCs.
IMEGAR: An Enhanced Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Dynamic Influence Maximization in Social Networks
Authors: Iranmanesh Amir , Rahgozar Masoud 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

During the last decade, social networks have received particular attention as a new platform for advertising and the diffusion of information, especially in viral marketing. In addition, we recently witnessed that the structure of social networks is continuously changing and expanding in terms of size and complexity. Generally, social networks consist of nodes and communication edges between them. Precisely, these edges determine the communication between people in the network. This communication can be supportive, educational, friendly, political, etc., depending on the type of social network. When we consider the fact that humans with all their unique qualities, mentally and physically, are the nodes of these social networks, we face challenges and complications that cannot be solved and paid attention in any of the previous methods for the IM problem in the past. In this paper, we employed an optimized heuristic to disseminate practical information in the least amount of time, followed by leveraging social reinforcement and memory. Furthermore, by utilizing an advanced and efficient genetic algorithm with novel and enhanced operators, we can effectively address the Influence Maximization problem and identify the most influential set of seeds within the dynamic social network, as demonstrated in the experiments section.
Structural, thermal and electrical properties of Na1+xAlxTi2-xP3O12 (x = 0.3) solid electrolytes
Authors: Adetona Ademola J. , Wang Ge , Nejo Ayorinde O. , Shaw Cheryl , Siame Beatia In 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Investigation of the commercially available Na1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (NATP) solid electrolyte for Na-ion solid-state batteries (SIBs) application requires a comprehensive understanding of its microstructural, thermal behaviour and electrical properties. In this study, we investigated the solid electrolyte properties of NATP through different spectroscopic techniques, including XRD, SEM, DSC/TGA, Dilatometer, and Impedance Spectroscopy. The impact of sintering temperature on the densification, microstructural and electrical properties was investigated. Both Archimedes and geometric density measurement methods were utilised to determine the relative density (ρr) of the sintered ceramics. Additionally, we investigated the optimum temperature at which the AlPO4 secondary phase is suppressed/minimised for this solid electrolyte. Refinement of the phases present in the NATP was studied using Topas 5 software to provide insight into the crystalline structure of the ceramic. The ionic conductivity studies of the NATP solid electrolyte were found to be in the range of 10− 7 – 10− 8 S/cm at 25°C, and the activation energies were in the range of 0.46 ± 0.35 eV. This study provides a thorough understanding of NATP properties, indicating its potential as a solid electrolyte.
Player Walkovers in Professional Men’s Tennis Tournaments from 1973 to 2019
Authors: Casals Martí , Curbelo Victoria Peña , Pablo Bernat , Ampuero Rodrigo , Cortés Jordi , Baiget Ernest 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In tennis, there exist different types of situations in which players are unable to finish a match or a tournament. Walkovers (W/O) refer to when a player wins a match due to the absence of his/her opponent. This investigation aimed to describe W/O in Association of Tennis Professional (ATP) tournaments between 1973 and 2019, analysing epidemiological patterns and associated factors.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted, analysing 168137 matches. Factors that might influence W/O were studied by epidemiological measures, including both absolute and relative measures of risk incidence proportion (IP) per 1000 played matches and cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) are provided as association measures.
Results
The IP was 4.2 (95%CI: 3.9–4.5). Master tournaments showed the higher IP (5.5; 95%CI: 4.6–6.6). Carpet courts were the ones with a higher IP (6.3; 95%CI: 5.2–7.6). The matches with 3 sets had a 2.5% greater risk comparing with those with 5. The primary causes of W/O were attributed to injuries (28.7%), illnesses (7.8%), and personal reasons (2.5%), although the majority of reasons remained unknown (61.0%).
Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of W/O in professional tennis, highlighting epidemiological patterns. These findings have practical implications for athletes, coaches, and organizers, guiding preventive strategies and future research.
Tripotent Lgr5 stem cells in the posterior tongue generate non-taste lingual, taste bud and salivary gland cells
Authors: Verweij Laurens , Kim Seok-Young , Laskaris Dimitirios , Lin Lin , Son Gijs van , Ringnalda Femke , Winkel Chris , Slack Jay , Sanders Karin , Rheenen Jacco van , de Wetering Marc van , Clevers Hans 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The circumvallate papillae (CVP) and foliate papillae (FoP) of the posterior tongue contain taste buds in close proximity to specialized salivary glands, known as von Ebner and minor salivary glands, respectively. The developmental relationship between taste buds and these salivary glands remains largely unexplored. Lineage tracing studies in mice have revealed that Lgr5 marks taste bud stem cells. Here, we report single-cell RNA sequencing of the entire CVP and FoP of mice, providing a transcriptional atlas of cells from tongue surface epithelium, taste buds and the associated salivary glands. We unveil a developmental trajectory in which taste buds, the associated salivary glands and the non-taste tongue surface epithelium originate from a common Lgr5+ cell. We confirm this tripotency at the clonal level in vitro, and with multicolor lineage tracing in vivo. Thus, CVP and FoP harbor chemosensory units composed of taste bud and salivary gland cells derived from the same parental Lgr5+ stem cell.
Gradient All-Nanostructured Aerogel Fibers for Enhanced Thermal Insulation and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ye Dongdong , Fu Xiaotong , Si Lianmeng , Zhang Zhaoxin , Yang Tingting , Song Jianwei , Zhu Shuze 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lightweight, nanoporous aerogel fibers are crucial for personal thermal management and specialized heat protection. However, wet-spinning methods, exemplified by aramid aerogels, inevitably form a dense outer layer, significantly reducing the volume fraction of efficient thermal barrier nanovoids and limiting the development of ultimate thermal resistance in fibers. Herein, we develop a microfluidic spinning method to prepare gradient all-nanostructure aramid aerogel fibers (GAFs). Benefiting from the simultaneous shear alignment and diffusion dilution of a good solvent within the channels, the precursor gel fibers assemble into a structure with a sparse exterior and dense interior, which reverses during supercritical drying to form sheath and core layers with average pore diameters of 150 nm and 600 nm, respectively. Experiments and simulations reveal that the gradient nanostructure creates high interfacial thermal resistance at heat transfer interfaces, resulting in a GAF radial thermal conductivity as low as 0.0228 W m–1 K–1, far below that of air and wet-spun aerogel fibers. Moreover, GAF's unique nano-entangled network efficiently dissipates stress, achieving exceptionally high tensile strength (29.5 MPa) and fracture strain (39.2%). This work establishes a correlation between multiscale nanostructures and superlative performance, thereby expanding the scope of aerogel applications in intricate environments.
Single-molecule detection of transient dimerization of opioid receptors 1: Homodimers’ effect on signaling and internalization
Authors: Zhou Peng , Tsunoyama Taka A. , Kasai Rinshi S. , Hirosawa Koichiro M. , Kalay Ziya , Aladag Amine , Fujiwara Takahiro K. , Pigolotti Simone , Kusumi Akihiro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Opioid receptors (ORs) are critical for endogenous and synthetic analgesics. Their homodimerization is considered important for their pharmacological diversities, but whether they form homodimers remains controversial. Here, we established that the three classical ORs, mu-, kappa-, and delta-ORs (MOR, KOR, and DOR, respectively) undergo repeated transient (120-180 ms) homodimerizations every few seconds. This was done by using single-molecule imaging and developing theories for analyzing single-molecule colocalization data, which provide the key parameters, homodimer-monomer dissociation equilibrium constants and rate constants. Their 9-26 amino-acid C-terminal cytoplasmic domains, without sequence similarities, are involved in specific homodimerization, whereas the transmembrane domains provide less specific affinities. Using the membrane-permeable peptides mimicking the C-terminal homodimerization sequences which block homodimerizations, functions of monomers and homodimers were dissected. KOR and DOR homodimers, but not MOR homodimers, activate downstream G-proteins differently from monomers upon agonist addition, without influencing OR internalization. These findings could guide strategies to enhance OR-based analgesia.
Abstractive Text Summarisation using T5 Transformer Architecture with analysis
Authors: Bhukya Vasanth Kumar , Bhukya Umesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Now a days, Text summarization has become important as the amount of text data available online grows at an exponential rate. Most of the text classification systems require going through a huge amount of data. In general, Producing exact and meaningful summaries of big texts is a time-consuming endeavour. Hence generating abstract summaries which retain the key information of the data and using it to train machine learning models will make these models space and time-efficient. Abstractive text summarization has been successful in moving from linear models to nonlinear neural network models using sparse models [1]. This success comes from the application of deep learning models on natural language processing tasks where these mod-els are capable of modeling the interrelating patterns in data without hand-crafted features. The Text to Text Transfer Transformer(T5) approach was used to investigate the text summarization problem, and the results showed that the Transfer Learning based model performed significantly better for abstractive text summarization than the Sequence to Sequence Recurrent Model.
BARRAGENS DE REJEITOS DE MINERAÇÃO: DESAFIOS E AVANÇOS NA PERSPECTIVA DA SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Rodrigues Oliveira Patrocínio Fani , Bizawu Sébastien Kiwonghi , Moreira Silva Isabela 
Published: August 2024

Nos últimos anos os desastres socioambientais causados pelo rompimento de barragens de rejeitos provocaram mortes e considerável impacto ambiental, demonstrando a fragilidade humana em gerenciar os empreendimentos minerários ao redor do mundo. O Brasil como um país de vocação mineral, possui centenas de barragens de rejeitos distribuídas pelo território nacional, sendo um desafio gerenciar esses empreendimentos de maneira segura, evitando rompimentos que possam causar danos à vida e ao meio ambiente. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os desafios apresentados nos métodos construtivos das barragens, bem como a sua segurança, e pesquisar alternativas utilizadas na gestão dos rejeitos como forma de mitigar os impactos dessa atividade contribuindo para uma mineração sustentável. O estudo realizado demonstrou avanços no estabelecimento de leis que regulamentam o método construtivo das barragens, entendendo que essas construções fazem parte da prevenção e segurança. O gerenciamento da segurança das barragens por meio de cadastros e monitoramentos demonstrou boa estratégia para acompanhar as situações de riscos e danos potenciais associados. A pesquisa também constatou iniciativas para a utilização do rejeito de minério, na fabricação de diversos produtos como tijolos, telhas, escórias para estradas, vidros, entre outros. Considerando o estudo realizado, a construção regulamentada com garantia da segurança nas barragens, bem como a gestão adequada dos rejeitos de minério com maiores investimentos em pesquisas para seu aproveitamento em outros setores, atreladas a medidas de preservação e mitigação, demonstram que pode ser um caminho para minimizar os desafios no gerenciamento das barragens e avançar rumo a mineração sustentável.
Comparative Study on Disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting (ISR) Based on the ISR Index between Islamic Banking in Asia and Africa
Authors: Mariana Anita , Warno Warno , Rahmiyanti Firdha 
Published: August 2024

Purpose - This study aims to compare the level of disclosure of Islamic Social Reporting between Islamic banking in Asia and Islamic banking in Africa using the ISR index approach. Method - The data analysis in this study used content analysis. The sample in the study was 18 Islamic Commercial Banks with purposive sampling method.Result - The results of the study show that there are differences in the implementation of social performance of Islamic banking in Asia and Africa. This is proven by the results of the Mann Whitney test with a sig value of 0.001 greater than α = 5%. There is some evidence that of all Islamic banks, both Asian and African, none has yet achieved 100% (one hundred percent) implementation and disclosure of the ISR Index.Implication - This research uses secondary data in the form of annual reports and annual financial reports on the respective official websites of Islamic Commercial Banks in Asia and Africa during the 2012-2020 period.Originality- Further research is expected to be able to use or add variables and increase the research sample so as to obtain results that better describe the actual situation.