bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying Machine Learning Models Derived From Administrative Claims Data to Predict Medication Nonadherence in Patients Self-Administering Biologic Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Rhudy Christian , Perry Courtney , Wesley Michael , Fardo David , Bumgardner Cody , Hassan Syed , Barrett Terrence , Talbert Jeffery 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Adherence to self-administered biologic therapies is important to induce remission and prevent adverse clinical outcomes in Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to use administrative claims data and machine learning methods to predict nonadherence in an academic medical center test population.

Methods
A model-training dataset of beneficiaries with IBD and the first unique dispense of a self-administered biologic between June 30, 2016 and June 30, 2019 was extracted from the Commercial Claims and Encounters and Medicare Supplemental Administrative Claims Database. Known correlates of medication nonadherence were identified in the dataset. Nonadherence to biologic therapies was defined as a proportion of days covered ratio &lt;80% at 1 year. A similar dataset was obtained from a tertiary academic medical center's electronic medical record data for use in model testing. A total of 48 machine learning models were trained and assessed utilizing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve as the primary measure of predictive validity.

Results
The training dataset included 6998 beneficiaries (n = 2680 nonadherent, 38.3%) while the testing dataset included 285 patients (n = 134 nonadherent, 47.0%). When applied to test data, the highest performing models had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.55, indicating poor predictive performance. The majority of models trained had low sensitivity and high specificity.

Conclusions
Administrative claims-trained models were unable to predict biologic medication nonadherence in patients with IBD. Future research may benefit from datasets with enriched demographic and clinical data in training predictive models.
Latent profiles of global electrical heterogeneity: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Authors: Tereshchenko Larisa G , Haq Kazi T , Howell Stacey J , Mitchell Evan C , Martínez Jesús , Hyde Jessica , Briceno Genesis , Pena Jose , Pocius Edvinas , Khan Akram , Soliman Elsayed Z , Lima João A C , Kapadia Samir R , Misra-Hebert Anita D , Kattan Michael W , Kansal Mayank M , Daviglus Martha L , Kaplan Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aims
Despite the highest prevalence of stroke, obesity, and diabetes across races/ethnicities, paradoxically, Hispanic/Latino populations have the lowest prevalence of atrial fibrillation and major Minnesota code–defined ECG abnormalities. We aimed to use Latent Profile Analysis in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) population to obtain insight into epidemiological discrepancies.

Methods and results
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline HCHS/SOL visit. Global electrical heterogeneity (GEH) was measured as spatial QRS-T angle (QRSTa), spatial ventricular gradient azimuth (SVGaz), elevation (SVGel), magnitude (SVGmag), and sum absolute QRST integral (SAIQRST). Statistical analysis accounted for the stratified two-stage area probability sample design. We fitted a multivariate latent profile generalized structural equation model adjusted for age, sex, ethnic background, education, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidaemia, obesity, chronic kidney disease, physical activity, diet quality, average RR’ interval, median beat type, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) to gain insight into the GEH profiles. Among 15 684 participants (age 41 years; 53% females; 6% known CVD), 17% had an increased probability of likely abnormal GEH profile (QRSTa 80 ± 27°, SVGaz −4 ± 21°, SVGel 72 ± 12°, SVGmag 45 ± 12 mVms, and SAIQRST 120 ± 23 mVms). There was a 23% probability for a participant of being in Class 1 with a narrow QRSTa (40.0 ± 10.2°) and large SVG (SVGmag 108.3 ± 22.6 mVms; SAIQRST 203.4 ± 39.1 mVms) and a 60% probability of being in intermediate Class 2.

Conclusion
A substantial proportion (17%) in the Hispanic/Latino population had an increased probability of altered, likely abnormal GEH profile, whereas 83% of the population was resilient to harmful risk factors exposures.
Chromosome-Level Assembly and Annotation of the Genome of the Endangered Giant Patagonian Bumble Bee Bombus dahlbomii
Authors: Martínez Lican , Zattara Eduardo E , Arbetman Marina P , Morales Carolina L , Masonbrink Rick E , Severin Andrew J , Aizen Marcelo A , Toth Amy L 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article describes a genome assembly and annotation for Bombus dahlbomii, the giant Patagonian bumble bee. DNA from a single, haploid male collected in Argentina was used for PacBio (HiFi) sequencing, and Hi-C technology was then used to map chromatin contacts. Using Juicer and manual curation, the genome was scaffolded into 18 main pseudomolecules, representing a high-quality, near chromosome-level assembly. The sequenced genome size is estimated at 265 Mb. The genome was annotated based on RNA sequencing data of another male from Argentina, and BRAKER3 produced 15,767 annotated genes. The genome and annotation show high completeness, with &gt;95% BUSCO scores for both the genome and annotated genes (based on conserved genes from Hymenoptera). This genome provides a valuable resource for studying the biology of this iconic and endangered species, as well as for understanding the impacts of its decline and designing strategies for its preservation.
Balancing Act: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Trade-offs in Reproducing Females
Authors: Josefson Chloe C , Fitzwater Brooke M , Beltran Roxanne S , Costa Daniel P , Fornara Josephina H , Garland Theodore , Harris Breanna N , Hinde Katie , Hood Wendy R , Hunt Eloise , Kenagy G J , Liebl Andrea L , Litmer Allison R , Lopes Patricia C , Misra Deblina , Meuti Megan , Place Ned J , Powers Lisa E , Saltzman Wendy , Orr Teri J 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Trade-offs resulting from the high demand of offspring production are a central focus of many subdisciplines within the field of biology. Yet, despite the historical and current interest on this topic, large gaps in our understanding of whole-organism trade-offs that occur in reproducing individuals remain, particularly as it relates to the nuances associated with female reproduction. This volume of Integrative and Comparative Biology (ICB) contains a series of papers that focus on reviewing trade-offs from the female-centered perspective of biology (i.e., a perspective that places female reproductive biology at the center of the topic being investigated or discussed). These papers represent some of the work showcased during our symposium held at the 2024 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) in Seattle, Washington. In this roundtable discussion, we use a question-and-answer format to capture the diverse perspectives and voices involved in our symposium. We hope that the dialogue featured in this discussion will be used to motivate researchers interested in understanding trade-offs in reproducing females and provide guidance on future research endeavors.
Insect Flight: State of the Field and Future Directions
Authors: Treidel Lisa A , Deem Kevin D , Salcedo Mary K , Dickinson Michael H , Bruce Heather S , Darveau Charles-A , Dickerson Bradley H , Ellers Olaf , Glass Jordan R , Gordon Caleb M , Harrison Jon F , Hedrick Tyson L , Johnson Meredith G , Lebenzon Jacqueline E , Marden James H , Niitepõld Kristjan , Sane Sanjay P , Sponberg Simon , Talal Stav , Williams Caroline M , Wold Ethan S 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
The evolution of flight in an early winged insect ancestral lineage is recognized as a key adaptation explaining the unparalleled success and diversification of insects. Subsequent transitions and modifications to flight machinery, including secondary reductions and losses, also play a central role in shaping the impacts of insects on broadscale geographic and ecological processes and patterns in the present and future. Given the importance of insect flight, there has been a centuries-long history of research and debate on the evolutionary origins and biological mechanisms of flight. Here, we revisit this history from an interdisciplinary perspective, discussing recent discoveries regarding the developmental origins, physiology, biomechanics, and neurobiology and sensory control of flight in a diverse set of insect models. We also identify major outstanding questions yet to be addressed and provide recommendations for overcoming current methodological challenges faced when studying insect flight, which will allow the field to continue to move forward in new and exciting directions. By integrating mechanistic work into ecological and evolutionary contexts, we hope that this synthesis promotes and stimulates new interdisciplinary research efforts necessary to close the many existing gaps about the causes and consequences of insect flight evolution.
Artificial intelligence co-regulation? The role of standards in the EU AI Act
Authors: Cantero Gamito Marta , Marsden Christopher T 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines artificial intelligence (AI) co-regulation in the EU AI Act and the critical role of standards under this regulatory strategy. It engages with the foundation of democratic legitimacy in EU standardization, emphasizing the need for reform to keep pace with the rapid evolution of AI capabilities, as recently suggested by the European Parliament. The article highlights the challenges posed by interdisciplinarity and the lack of civil society expertise in standard-setting. It critiques the inadequate representation of societal stakeholders in the development of AI standards, posing pressing questions about the potential risks this entails to the protection of fundamental rights, given the lack of democratic oversight and the global composition of standard-developing organizations. The article scrutinizes how under the AI Act technical standards will define AI risks and mitigation measures and questions whether technical experts are adequately equipped to standardize thresholds of acceptable residual risks in different high-risk contexts. More specifically, the article examines the complexities of regulating AI, drawing attention to the multi-dimensional nature of identifying risks in AI systems and the value-laden nature of the task. It questions the potential creation of a typology of AI risks and highlights the need for a nuanced, inclusive, and context-specific approach to risk identification and mitigation. Consequently, in the article we underscore the imperative for continuous stakeholder involvement in developing, monitoring, and refining the technical rules and standards for high-risk AI applications. We also emphasize the need for rigorous training, certification, and surveillance measures to ensure the enforcement of fundamental rights in the face of AI developments. Finally, we recommend greater transparency and inclusivity in risk identification methodologies, urging for approaches that involve stakeholders and require a diverse skill set for risk assessment. At the same time, we also draw attention to the diversity within the European Union and the consequent need for localized risk assessments that consider national contexts, languages, institutions, and culture. In conclusion, the article argues that co-regulation under the AI Act necessitates a thorough re-examination and reform of standard-setting processes, to ensure a democratically legitimate, interdisciplinary, stakeholder-inclusive, and responsive approach to AI regulation, which can safeguard fundamental rights and anticipate, identify, and mitigate a broad spectrum of AI risks.
Where Do Trolls Say They Are? Understanding the Use of Place Claims in Nation State Influence Operations
Authors: Linvill Darren , Warren Jayson , Warren Patrick L , White David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study employs the full public Twitter information operations archive and its nearly 90,000 accounts from at least 22 actors to examine one particular element of the strategies employed by state-backed influence actors—strategic use of place claims. Academic research exploring state-affiliated social media influence operations has, to date, focused on one or a handful of campaigns. We argue this focus has the potential to miss tactics and strategies other nations’ operations may be effectively using. Specifically, we examine account self-identified place claims to build an understanding of when and why these strategies are employed, and how these place claims relate to campaign targeting of specific populations. We examine where accounts claim to be located and how these claims relate to what we know about the targeting of each campaign. We also explore what other account behaviors are correlated with accounts’ use of specific place claims.
Comparing Agenda-Setting Effects for the Issue of Migration Measured with Three Different Indicators of the Public Agenda
Authors: Maurer Marcus , Jost Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent agenda-setting studies have increasingly replaced survey data with readily available, nonreactive data that at first glance might serve as indicators of the public agenda to the same extent: the amount of online search queries regarding an issue and the volume of donations for non-profit organizations that are collecting money for problem solving related to an issue. This raises the question of whether the results of agenda-setting studies depend on which of these indicators is used to measure the public agenda. In this study, we compare the agenda-setting effect of media coverage of migration on the public salience of this issue in Germany between 2015 and 2020 as measured by three different indicators of the public agenda on a monthly basis: survey data, Google Trends data, and fundraising data. Our analyses show significant simultaneous correlations between the media agenda and all three indicators of the public agenda, with a smaller influence of the media agenda on fundraising data than in the other two cases. However, when Granger causality is used to identify causal relationships, a positive influence of the media agenda on the public agenda is only found when the public agenda is measured with survey data.
Competition policy and the consumer welfare standard
Authors: Vickers John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper, which was given as the 2024 Bellamy Lecture, reviews the law and economics of the consumer welfare standard in competition policy, particularly in relation to mergers and abuse of dominance. With qualifications relating to input markets, the consumer welfare approach is defended against arguments for its relaxation, and against contrary criticisms that it is unduly permissive.
Do Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) mite flows between Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies bias colony infestation evaluation for resistance selection?
Authors: Guichard Matthieu , von Virag Adrien , Droz Benoît , Dainat Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the global invasion of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman), selection of mite-resistant honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies appears challenging and has to date not broadly reduced colony mortality. The low published estimated heritability values for mite infestation levels could explain the limited genetic progresses obtained so far. We hypothesize that intercolonial horizontal mite transmission could differentially affect the single colonies located in a given apiary and therefore invisibly bias colony infestation phenotypes. This bias may be lower in regions with lower colony density, providing suitable conditions to set up evaluation apiaries. To verify these hypotheses, we monitored mite infestation and reinvasion in experimental colonies, as well as infestation in neighboring colonies belonging to beekeepers in three areas with variable colony densities in the canton of Bern, Switzerland during three consecutive beekeeping seasons. Mite immigration fluctuated between apiaries and years and significantly contributed to colony infestation level. Depending on apiary and year, 17–48% of the mites present in the experimental colonies at the time of the summer oxalic acid final treatment potentially derived from mite immigration that had occurred since mid-spring. Mite immigration was not linked to local colony density or the infestation levels of beekeepers’ colonies located within 2 km. Our results do not prove that apiaries for colony evaluation should necessarily be established in areas with low colony density. However, they highlight the high impact of beekeeping management practices on mite colony infestation levels.
Comprehensive mapping of immune perturbations associated with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Chen Yinchun , Deng Haimei , Zhou Ruiqing , Jiang Xiaotao , Wang Huijuan , Xin Songqing , Mo Wenjian , Wang Shunqing , Liu Yufeng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by immune disorders. It is imperative to elucidate the immunophenotypic panorama and the interactions among these cells in patients. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from healthy donors and sHLH patients and tested using multicolor flow cytometry. We used FlowSOM to explore and visualize the immunophenotypic characteristics of sHLH. By demonstrating the phenotypes of immune cells, we discovered that sHLH patients had significantly higher levels of CD56+ monocytes, higher levels of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, low-density neutrophil-to-T cell ratio, and higher heterogeneous T cell activation than healthy donors. However, natural killer cell cytotoxicity and function were impaired. We then assessed the correlations among 30 immune cell types and evaluated metabolic analysis. Our findings demonstrated polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, CD56+ monocytes, and neutrophil-to-T cell ratio were elevated abnormally in sHLH patients, which may indicate an association with immune overactivation and inflammatory response. We are expected to confirm that they are involved in the occurrence of the disease through further in-depth research.
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2: an emerging immune checkpoint for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Cao Zeya , Wang Youping , Cheng Shih-Chin , He Nanhai 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2 (HHLA2), a member of the B7 family of co-signaling molecules, is aberrantly expressed in various human cancers and has emerged as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. It exhibits a unique structure and tissue distribution pattern compared to other B7 family members, where its expression is regulated by the complex physiological and tumor microenvironment. HHLA2 plays a crucial but contradictory role in immune modulation and is thereby associated with heterogeneous prognostic implications across different cancer types. It interacts with two distinct receptors: transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain-containing 2 (TMIGD2), which is predominantly expressed on naïve T and natural killer (NK) cells to deliver co-stimulatory signals to T cells and NK cells, and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three immunoglobulin domains, and long cytoplasmic tail (KIR3DL3), which is prevalent on terminally differentiated T and CD56dim CD16+ NK cells to transmit inhibitory signals. The expression dynamics of these receptors on immune cells contribute to the maintenance of immune response homeostasis. Therapeutic strategies targeting the HHLA2 immune checkpoint aim to selectively inhibit the immunosuppressive HHLA2–KIR3DL3 pathway while preserving the HHLA2–TMIGD2 signaling. Several anti-HHLA2 and anti-KIR3DL3 antibodies are currently under investigation in early clinical trials, building upon encouraging results observed in humanized mouse models. Notably, the nonoverlapping expression of HHLA2 and PD-L1 in tumors suggests potential synergistic benefits of combining HHLA2–KIR3DL3-targeted therapies with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade or anti-CTLA-4 to augment antitumor activity.
A multi-informant qualitative analysis of desired features for an mHealth tool for youth living with HIV in South Carolina
Authors: Miller Sarah J , Weaver Katherine E , Harrison Sayward E 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Youth living with HIV (YLHIV) in the southern United States experience poor outcomes across the HIV care continuum and are at high-risk for virologic failure. This study used a qualitative, community-engaged approach to inform the development of a tailored mobile Health (mHealth) tool for YLHIV in South Carolina (SC).

Methods
Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with YLHIV in SC (n = 16) and their HIV care providers (n = 15). Focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted with HIV-focused community-based organization staff (n = 23). Interviews and FGDs queried desired components for a future mHealth tool tailored for YLHIV. Data were analyzed using a team-based rapid qualitative approach.

Results
Across informants, key themes emerged related to medical management of HIV, including a desire for connections with medical providers, appointment and medication reminders, and accurate HIV information. In addition, informants voiced a desire for mental health resources to be integrated into the app. Connection with HIV-positive peers also emerged as a key desire from youth informants. In terms of app design, informants emphasized the need for strict privacy practices, a youth-friendly design, compensation for use, and integration with existing healthcare systems.

Conclusions
mHealth interventions developed for YLHIV should meet the mental health and social needs of YLHIV in addition to their medical needs. In addition, the highly stigmatized nature of HIV requires careful consideration when designing digital tools—youth want their privacy prioritized, but also express strong desire for social support to help cope with the isolation and stigma of this chronic health condition.
The Independent Works of Luke: Further Evidence on the Early Christian Reception of Luke and Acts
Authors: Davis Lilly Hannah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Literary and rhetorical analysis has led scholars to approach the Gospel of Luke and the Book of Acts as a two-volume work, often referred to as Luke-Acts. In response to increased attention to Luke-Acts, there is renewed interest in the early reception history of these books. Research has focused primarily on the second century ce and yielded little to support the assumption that early recipients consistently read these books together. This lack of evidence for the unified reading of Luke-Acts, heightened by Acts’ own varied reception, has enlivened the discussion of how one should approach the study of Luke and Acts today. This paper seeks to contribute to the discussion by examining early Christian prologues to Luke’s writings, ranging from the second century to the sixth century ce. The prologues will be examined in light of three questions: (1) How do the prologues describe the author of Luke and Acts? (2) How do they engage with Luke’s own prefaces to the books? (3) How do they frame Luke and Acts in light of other literature? What emerges from these texts is that early readers were aware of a connection between Luke and Acts, but such a connection was overshadowed by other associations.