bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'analyse du procès : un exemple d'articulation entre sémantique et syntaxe
Authors: Triquenot Anne 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : Cet article a pour objectif de présenter, à travers l’exemple de quelques verbes dits « de déplacement », notamment venir et voler , un point de vue particulier concernant l’analyse du sens des unités verbales. Il s’attachera à montrer que celles-ci peuvent être abordées sous le prisme d’une analyse, qualifiable de « sémantique du procès », qui envisage l’unité verbale dans son interrelation, au sein de l’énoncé, avec les autres unités qui concourent à l’expression du procès. Cette présentation montrera en quoi une telle analyse lie sens et syntaxe, d’une part, et sens et forme, d’autre part.
De la linéarisation marquée de l'énoncé à la cohérence du discours : l'après-dernière position ( Nachfeld ) en allemand contemporain
Authors: Vinckel-Roisin Hélène 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : À l’inverse de « l’attaque » de l’énoncé allemand, la clôture de l’énoncé, i.e. la périphérie droite, présente encore de nombreux phénomènes susceptibles d’être explorés. Parmi les laissés-pour-compte de la syntaxe allemande figure l’occupation de l’ après-dernière position ( Nachfeld ) par un constituant sans verbe. La linéarisation de l’énoncé ainsi agencé relève du type « marqué ». Située à l’extrême fin de l’énoncé verbal, l’après-dernière position − une position structurellement facultative au niveau de l’énoncé − est fréquemment exploitée dans les discours politiques, à mi-chemin entre oral et écrit. À quelle(s) fin(s) le locuteur retarde-t-il l’apparition d’une information au poids communicatif important dans la dynamique textuelle ? Quels sont les enjeux de l’occupation de l’après-dernière position dans les discours politiques ? À l’interface entre syntaxe et pragmatique lato sensu , cette analyse empirique vise à mettre en évidence la participation des constituants post-derniers à la structuration, et par-delà, à la cohérence du discours.
Affixal Negation – Direct, Indirect and their Subtypes
Authors: Joshi Shrikant 
Published: January 2015

Cet article a pour but d’examiner le phénomène de la négation à l’aide de l’affixation et particulièrement sa catégorisation en deux grandes classes : directe (ex. : direct vs indirect en anglais) et indirecte (ex. : to understand vs to misunderstand en anglais). Ces deux catégories englobent les deux types aristotéliciens de négation : « négation contraire » et « négation contradictoire ». Il est à noter que ces deux catégories (directe et indirecte) ne sont pas mutuellement exclusives. Il est difficile de dire a priori si un dérivé appartient à l’une ou l’autre des catégories, mais sa paraphrase pourrait y aider.
L’opposition : analyse logique d'une notion flottante
Authors: Schang Fabien 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Une théorie logique des oppositions traite la relation entre des propositions et leurs valeurs de vérité. Sur la base d’une sémantique formelle procédant par questions-réponses, trois thèses sont défendues dans ce qui suit : (1) le concept d’opposition renvoie ordinairement à l’idée d’incompatibilité, mais notre analyse logique insiste sur une relation plus large de différence ; (2) l’opposition renvoie plus généralement à l’idée de négativité, et notre sémantique rend compte de celle-ci par le biais d’opérateurs formateurs d’opposés ; (3) la subalternation est un cas particulier de non-contradiction et exprime une « opposition d’opposition », elle n’est donc pas une opposition à part entière, mais sa signification en dépend. Il n’y a pas une mais plusieurs expressions de négativité, et l’article propose une analyse détaillée de ces expressions « flottantes » à double titre : la quantification flottante est étroitement liée aux opérations logiques de négation propositionnelle et de dénégation ; nous verrons dans quelle mesure les langues naturelles n’expriment pas clairement le sens d’une pensée négative, exemples à l’appui.
Distinguo, concedo, nego : la réfutation par distinguo
Authors: Schapira Charlotte 
Published: January 2015

Résumé Le but du présent travail est d’étudier la figure rhétorique du distinguo, son expression linguistique et son fonctionnement argumentatif. Le distinguo est un terme d’argumentation scolastique signifiant « je distingue ». Il est employé en rhétorique afin d’indiquer que, dans une proposition, l’on accorde une partie ( concedo ) et nie l’autre ( nego ) (Littré, Larousse). Inséré par définition dans un dialogue réel ou feint, le distinguo reprend l’argument de l’opposant, en y cernant, d’une part, ce qui peut faire l’objet d’un consensus et en focalisant, d’autre part, le point précis que le locuteur tient à réfuter. Du point de vue linguistique, le principe de la stratégie argumentative à distinguo est donc d’introduire dans un mécanisme binaire une négation située toujours en deuxième position, et constituant le temps fort d’un rapport dans lequel le premier élément est le temps faible.
Les langues artificielles sont-elles des langues ? Étude contrastive de l'espéranto et de la caractéristique universelle
Authors: Marlaud Sarah 
Published: January 2015

Résumé : La présente étude a pour but de comparer langues artificielles et langues naturelles selon des critères fonctionnels afin de dégager des caractéristiques essentielles des langues naturelles. Les langues artificielles considérées sont choisies selon la présence d’un fonctionnement dit « taxonomique explicite », qui retranscrit les relations sémantiques de genre et d’espèce dans le signifié : la langue philosophique est illustrée par la caractéristique universelle et la non philosophique par l’espéranto. Elles sont envisagées à partir des propriétés communes à l’ensemble des langues naturelles orales dégagées par Charles F. Hockett, réévaluées afin de tenir compte des langues signées. L’absence de certaines des quatorze propriétés des langues naturelles dans la caractéristique universelle mais non dans l’espéranto est envisagée comme un effet du fonctionnement taxonomique explicite.
Prédicats atypiques en néerlandais contemporain : le cas du type overvallen
Authors: Pekelder Jan 
Published: January 2015

Il est connu qu’en néerlandais contemporain le sujet nominal défini / indéfini précède en règle générale le COD nominal défini / indéfini en zone médiane, i. e. l’espace entre le verbe conjugué et le reste verbal (Nieuwborg 1968 : 57-258 ; Haeseryn et al. 1997 : 1322). Cependant, un certain nombre d’exceptions ont été relevées (Nieuwborg 1968 : 118-119 ; Godin 1992 : 101, Broekhuis 1997 : 38-39 ; Haeseryn et al. 1997 : 1322, 1333-1335). Dans cette contribution, nous nous limiterons aux énoncés tels que toen overviel (prédicat) de soldaten (objet direct) een hevig heimwee (sujet) (« à ce moment-là, les soldats furent envahis par un mal du pays intense »). D’après Nieuwborg (1968 : 118-119), l’ordre sujet-COD est permutable si le sujet et le prédicat sont de nature abstraite et émotive. Haeseryn et al. (1997 : 1322, 1335), quant à eux, observent que l’ordre COD-sujet est acceptable à condition que le COD désigne une entité animée et le sujet une entité non animée. L’objectif de cette contribution consiste à montrer que les conditions ainsi formulées ne permettent pas de rendre compte de manière satisfaisante des phénomènes à partir du moment où l’on élargit le champ d’investigation. Aussi, nous nous attacherons à une reformulation des conditions de permutation sujet-COD. Elle passera par l’introduction de quatre nouveaux paramètres, i. e. (1) la valence du prédicat, (2) l’affectation du COD, (3) l’informativité et la définitude du sujet et du COD et (4) le poids syntaxique du sujet.
Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements of Choroidal Thickness in Healthy Eyes: Correlation With Age and Axial Length
Authors: Abbey Ashkan M. , Kuriyan Ajay E. , Modi Yasha S. , Thorell Mariana R. , Nunes Renata P. , Goldhardt Raquel , Yehoshua Zohar , Gregori Giovanni , Feuer William , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) in healthy eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and provide correlations between age and axial length.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Enhanced depth SD-OCT imaging was performed with Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) and Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) instruments. CT was measured from the outer limit of the retinal pigment epithelium to the inner surface of the sclera.

RESULTS:

The study enrolled 155 patients, with at least 20 in each decade between 22 and 89 years old. Mean axial length was 23.6 mm. Mean Heidelberg subfoveal CT was 286 µm. The correlation between Heidelberg and Zeiss subfoveal CT measurements was strong (
r
= .978) and significant (
P
< .001). Mean subfoveal CT was 7.7 µm thinner by Heidelberg versus Cirrus (
P
< .001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age (
P
< .001), axial length (
P
= .001), and sex (
P
= .025) were significantly related to Heidelberg subfoveal CT.

CONCLUSION:

There is a strong negative correlation between CT and age (
P
<.001), with a 25 µm decrease in CT for each decade of life. Increasing axial length demonstrated a negative correlation with CT, decreasing 24.9 µm for each mm of axial length. Future studies of CT measurements can be performed on either instrument and must account for axial length, age, and sex to make appropriate conclusions.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:18–24.]
Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Blood Flow After Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection in Eyes With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Authors: Okamoto Masahiro , Matsuura Toyoaki , Ogata Nahoko 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To quantitatively evaluate choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal blood flow in the subfoveal region after intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prospective, comparative study of 20 eyes with chronic CSC and and 20 fellow eyes treated with 1.25 mg/0.05 mL IVB. Subfoveal CT and serous retinal detachment height were measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Subfoveal choroidal blood flow was assessed by the mean blur rate of laser speckle flowgraphy. IOP, blood pressure, and pulse rate, and ocular perfusion pressure were also measured. All measurements were made before and after IVB.

RESULTS:
Subfoveal fluid was not present after IVB in the affected eyes. The mean subfoveal CT decreased from 335 µm at baseline to 304 and 291 µm at 1 and 3 months, respectively, after IVB. Average mean blur rate ratio decreased from baseline to 92.9% and 88.0% at 1 and 3 months, respectively. In the fellow eyes, subfoveal CT and choroidal blood flow decreased slightly from baseline. There was a significant correlation between the decrease in subfoveal CT and choroidal blood flow after IVB in affected eyes. IOP, mean arterial pressure, pulse rate, and ocular perfusion pressure did not change significantly after IVB.

CONCLUSION:
IVB significantly reduced subfoveal CT, choroidal blood flow, and subretinal fluid absorption in eyes with chronic CSC. The reduction of subfoveal CT after IVB was likely caused by the reduction of subfoveal choroidal blood flow.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2015;46:25–32.]
Choroidal Thickness in Macular Holes: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Xu Lucy T. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Ehlers Justis P. , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate choroidal thickness of patients with unilateral full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) and contralateral vitreomacular adhesion (VMA) and healthy eyes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective case-control study of patients with unilateral FTMH and contralateral VMA and matched healthy controls was performed. Choroidal thickness was measured at five locations (subfoveal and 1 mm and 2 mm from the center of the fovea nasally and temporally) and compared between groups.

RESULTS:
Nineteen case patients and 19 control patients were analyzed. Eyes with FTMH had thinner choroids compared with the contralateral eyes with VMA and the control eyes at all locations except 2 mm temporal from the fovea. Eyes with VMA had thinner choroids nasally from the fovea compared with control eyes.

CONCLUSION:
Choroidal thickness was significantly decreased in eyes with FTMH except at 2 mm temporal to the fovea and decreased in contralateral eyes with VMA in the nasal directions, suggesting an association between choroidal thinning and macular hole.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:33–37.]
Recovery of Photoreceptor Layer on Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography After Vitreous Surgery Combined With Air Tamponade in Chronic Idiopathic Macular Hole
Authors: He Feng , Dong Fangtian , Yu Weihong , Dai Rongping 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Studies using sterilized air in chronic idiopathic macular holes show varying success rates, and the impact of a shorter duration of tamponade on photoreceptor layer recovery is not fully elucidated.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Surgical outcomes of 35 cases (seven in stage 3 and 28 in stage 4) were assessed for best corrected visual acuity and with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

The primary closure rate was 91.4%, and the closed cases and unclosed cases were significantly different in the preoperative (
P
= .042) and postoperative (
P
= .040) diameter of the photoreceptor layer defect. After surgery, there was a significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity and a decrease in the photoreceptor layer defect. The postoperative logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution was significantly correlated with the preoperative hole diameter (
P
= .003) and the postoperative diameter of the photoreceptor layer defect (
P
= .005).

CONCLUSION:
Air tamponade is a safe and effective treatment for chronic and severe macular holes, with several spectral-domain optical coherence tomography parameters highly predictive of postoperative visual acuity

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:44–48.]
Retina Evaluation With Nonmydriatic Ultrawide-Field Color Imaging After Cataract Extraction Surgeries in Asymptomatic Patients
Authors: Schwartz Shulamit , Gonzalez Carmen Luz , Bhandari Ramanath , Oliver Scott N. , Mandava Naresh , Quiroz-Mercado Hugo 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the role of nonmydriatic ultrawide-field (UWF) color retinal imaging as a screening tool in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients after cataract extraction surgeries.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, observational case series. A review of electronic medical records identified patients after cataract extraction followed with UWF retinal imaging (Optos 200Tx; Optos, Dunfermline, Scotland). Images were graded and reviewed by a retina specialist. Outcome measures included image quality, the detection of peripheral lesions, and association with perioperative risk factors.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six eyes of 58 consecutive patients were enrolled. A good visualization of the peripheral retina was accomplished in more than 90% of patients. Peripheral lesions were identified in 40 eyes (52.6%) with no surgery-related retinal breaks and/or detachments. Additional pathologies were found in 35 eyes (46.1%).

CONCLUSION:
Nonmydriatic UWF color retinal imaging was found to be a useful screening tool in the follow-up of asymptomatic patients after cataract extraction in this series.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:50–55.]
Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant for Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Khurana Rahul N. , Palmer James D. , Porco Travis C. , Wieland Mark R. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Diabetic patients are at a higher risk of developing pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) after cataract surgery. This study evaluated the effect of dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX Implant 0.7 mg, Ozurdex; Allergan, Irvine, CA) in diabetic patients with PCME.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective case series, six patients with diabetes who developed PCME despite topical anti-inflammatory therapy were treated with a single dexamethasone implant. Outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfoveal thickness.

RESULTS:

The mean increase in BCVA from baseline to day 180 was 14 letters (
P
= .03); four of six patients (67%) achieved greater than 10-letter improvement in BCVA. The mean decrease in central subfoveal thickness was 100 µm (
P
< .01 vs baseline) by day 30 and 72 µm by day 180 (
P
= .004).

CONCLUSIONS:
A dexamethasone implant may be an effective treatment for diabetic patients who develop pseudophakic cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:56–61.]
Fluidics Comparison Between Dual Pneumatic and Spring Return High-Speed Vitrectomy Systems
Authors: Brant Fernandes Rodrigo A. , Diniz Bruno , Falabella Paulo , Ribeiro Ramiro , Teixeira Anderson G. , Magalhães Octaviano , Moraes Nilva , Maia Andre , Farah Michel E. , Maia Mauricio , Humayun Mark S. 
Published: January 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare the water and vitreous flow rates and duty cycle (DC) between two ultrahigh-speed vitrectomy systems: pneumatic with spring return (SR) and dual pneumatic (DP) probes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The flow rate was calculated using a high-sampling precision balance that measured the mass of water and vitreous removed from a vial by a vitreous cutter. Frame-by-frame analysis of a high-speed video of the cutter was used to determine the DC. Three cutters of each gauge (20, 23, and 25 G) were tested with an SR and a DP system using the standard DC setting (biased open) at 0 (water only), 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, and 5,000 cuts per minute (CPM) with aspiration levels of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mm Hg.

RESULTS:
The DC was slightly higher with the SR system using most parameters and gauges although without statistical significance. The water flow rate was somewhat higher with the SR system, except for 25 G with 4,000 and 5,000 CPM. The vitreous flow rate was similar using most parameters, with the SR system showing higher flows at lower cut rates (1,000–3,000 CPM).

CONCLUSIONS:
SR and DP systems produced similar water and vitreous flow rates. Additional studies in human eyes are necessary to confirm these findings.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:68–72.]
Improvements of Infrared Touch Screen Calibration Algorithm Based on Affine Transformation
Authors: Guo Wen Ming , Wang Gang 
Published: January 2015

Because the affine transformation can realize the coordinate translation, rotation, scaling, it is applied to calibrate the touch screen. But,requirements for touch errors of Windows 8 is ±0.5mm,and the pass rate of sample point must reach 4%.Therefore,	simply use the method of draw-point to collect the sample point has been unable to meet the requirement of accuracy. This paper tries to propose two improved calibration algorithm based on affine transform, one method use drawing lines instead of marking point, the other devides the screen into a plurality of areas to use multiple calibration. This two kind of methods can effectively improve the calibration precision.
A longitudinal study to assess the impact of exercise on clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric parameters among the type 2 diabetes patients of South India
Authors: Sukla Pradeep , Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Aim: Aim of the study isto assess the scope of physical activity among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients residing in an urban area of SouthIndia. Materials and Methods: A longitudinal interventional study was conducted for a period of 8months (January 2014-August 2014) among patients of T2DM accessing the healthcare services at an Urban Health and Training Center (UHTC) of a Medical College located in Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Universal sampling method was employed and all diagnosed T2DM patients attending UHTC during the month of January were enrolled in the study provided they satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall 151 participants were considered for final analysis and all of them were subjected to indulge in moderate type of aerobic exercise in the form of brisk walking for 2.5 h spread over a period of 1 week, for the next 6months. Before and after the exercise regimen, cases were subjected to clinical evaluation, measurement of weight and waist circumference, and estimation of fasting and postprandial blood sugar; and the results were compared with the baseline estimates.The associations were tested using paired t-test for continuous (mean ΁ standard deviation ( SD)) variables. Results: Majority (86, 57%) of the diabetics were from the age group of 40-60 years with a definite female preponderance (82/151) in contrast to males (69/151). A significant reduction in both fasting and postprandial sugar was observed before and after the exercise. However, from the perspective of the weight and waist circumference, although a reduction was observed, the association was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The findings of the present longitudinal study suggest that compliance with moderate type of physical activity can significantly improve the fasting and postprandial blood sugar, apart from reduction in weight of T2DM patients.
Ventricular septal defect and bivalvular endocarditis
Authors: Birkenkamp Kate E , Jin Jay J , Shivashankar Raina , Jouni Hayan , Baddour Larry M , Blauwet Lori A 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA 63-year-old man presented with generalized fatigue, chills, malaise, dyspnea, intermittent fevers, and 50-pound weight loss of 4 months′ duration. Blood cultures were positive for pan-sensitive Streptococcus anginosus. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an 11 mm × 3 mm mobile mass attached to the mitral valve, a 16 mm × 16 mm mobile mass attached to the pulmonary valve, and a small membranous ventricular septal defect. The patient received 12 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics with eventual resolution of the masses. Multi-valve endocarditis involving both the left and right chambers is rarely reported without prior history of IV drug use or infective endocarditis. Our case emphasizes the importance of careful assessment for ventricular septal defects or extra-cardiac shunts in individuals who present with simultaneous right and left-sided endocarditis.
Renewing the Covenant with Eugene Borowitz
Authors: Novak David 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This essay continues a dialogue of many years between Eugene Borowitz and the author over the meaning of Covenant in Jewish theology today. The main point of difference between them is whether it is necessary theologically to literally affirm the Bible's representation of the God who speaks (i.e., the doctrine of verbal revelation). Following Buber, Rosenzweig, and Heschel, Borowitz only affirms a nonverbal revelation: it is the human recipients of God's revelation who supply its verbal content. The author argues that this gives too much authority to human autonomy. Nevertheless, he recognizes that Borowitz has taught him to emphasize human autonomy in his own covenantal theology more than he had done theretofore.
A Zealous (but Respected) Adversary: John Lewis's Correspondence with John Wesley
Authors: Maddox Randy L. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article contains annotated transcriptions of several previously unknown letters between John Wesley and Revd John Lewis of Holt, Wiltshire, in the mid-1740s. Holt's letters articulate the concerns of a typical Anglican parish priest about irregular ecclesial practices and some doctrinal emphases of the Methodist revival. Wesley's responses contain his most frank (or pessimistic) evaluation of Anglican clergy—that two thirds of those he has known are ‘blind leaders of the blind, dumb dogs that cannot bark, priests of Baal rather than God’. Together the letters provide an instructive window into the reception of early Methodism.