bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secreted Semaphorin 5A Activates Immune Effector Cells and Is a Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Gras Christiane , Eiz‐Vesper Britta , Jaimes Yarua , Immenschuh Stephan , Jacobs Roland , Witte Torsten , Blasczyk Rainer , Figueiredo Constança 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of the multifunctional protein semaphorin 5A (Sema5A) in modulating cellular immune responses and as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsA soluble form of recombinant Sema5A was used to assess its effect on the functions of primary T cells and natural killer (NK) cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors. Cell proliferation and expression of transcription factors were determined by flow cytometry. Cytokine secretion was analyzed using Luminex technology. Serum samples obtained from 145 patients with RA and control serum samples obtained from healthy individuals or patients with non‐RA rheumatic diseases were analyzed for the presence of secreted Sema5A, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting.ResultsSoluble Sema5A strongly increased T cell and NK cell proliferation and induced the secretion of proinflammatory Th1/Th17 cytokines. Accordingly, Sema5A stimulation caused significant up‐regulation of T‐bet and retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt levels in T cells. In addition, significantly elevated levels of secreted Sema5A were detected in the serum of patients with RA compared with control serum. Sema5A levels were highest in patients with RA who were positive for the RA biomarker anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (P < 0.001 versus patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patients with Sjögren's syndrome) and correlated with the levels of rheumatoid factor.ConclusionSoluble Sema5A is a potent activator of T cells and NK cells in vitro, and high serum levels of Sema5A are associated with RA. Taken together, the results indicate that Sema5A contributes to the pathogenesis of RA through antigen‐independent T cell and NK cell activation. Hence, Sema5A is a promising complementary biomarker for the diagnosis of RA.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution over Hierarchical Composites of ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets Grown on MoS2 Slices
Authors: Tian Guohui , Chen Yajie , Ren Zhiyu , Tian Chungui , Pan Kai , Zhou Wei , Wang Jiaqi , Fu Honggang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA highly active hierarchical MoS2/ZnIn2S4 composite catalyst was synthesized in situ by using a facile controlled‐growth approach through a solvothermal process. During the solvothermal reaction, 2D ultrathin curled ZnIn2S4 nanosheets grew on the surface of MoS2 slices, which could help to form a more‐homogeneous mixture, effective interfacial contact, and strong interactions between the ZnIn2S4 nanosheets and the MoS2 slices. The intimate contact between ZnIn2S4 and MoS2 favored the formation of junctions between the two components, thereby improving the charge separation and prolonging the mean lifetime of the electron–hole pairs. Moreover, growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets by visible‐light catalysis on MoS2 slices afforded a higher number of available catalytically active sites. So, the photocatalytic hydrogen‐evolution performance of the hierarchical MoS2/ZnIn2S4 composite was significantly enhanced, owing to a synergistic effect of these factors. This work could provide new insights into the fabrication of a highly efficient and low‐cost non‐noble‐metal co‐catalyst for visible‐light H2 generation.
Stereogenic Phosphorus‐Induced Diastereoselective Formation of Chiral Carbon during Nucleophilic Addition of Chiral HP Species to Aldehydes or Ketones
Authors: Zhang He , Sun Yong‐Ming , Yao Lan , Ji Si‐Yu , Zhao Chang‐Qiu , Han Li‐Biao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractP,C‐Stereogenic α‐hydroxyl phosphinates or phosphine oxides were prepared from the additions of (RP)‐phosphinate to ketones or (RP)‐phosphine oxide to aldehydes, respectively, catalyzed by bases at room temperature in up to >99:1 diasteromeric ratio (d.r.P/d.r.C) and 99 % yields. The diastereoselectivity was induced by reversible equilibrium and different stabilities between two diastereomers of adduct, which was caused by the spatial interaction between menthoxyl or menthyl to alkyl groups of aldehydes or ketones.
Asymmetric Decarboxylative 1,4‐Addition of Malonic Acid Half Thioesters to Vinyl Sulfones: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of 3‐Monofluoromethyl‐3‐Arylpropanoic Esters
Authors: Qiao Baokun , Liu Qian , Liu Hongjun , Yan Lin , Jiang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAn asymmetric decarboxylative 1,4‐addition of malonic acid half thioesters (MAHTs) to 2‐aryl‐substituted vinyl sulfones has been developed, yielding adducts with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). In view of tuning pKa values, a quinine‐based benzyl‐substituted thiourea was designed and demonstrated as the most efficient catalyst. The enantioselective synthesis of 3‐monofluorinated analogues of 3‐methyl indanone and (+)‐turmerone has been accomplished from decarboxylative 1,4‐addition adducts with satisfactory results.
Anwendungsmöglichkeit von Befestigungen in Sicht‐Stein‐Beton
Authors: Zeman Oliver , Voit Klaus , Bergmeister Konrad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDie Zulassung bzw. Beurteilung der Eignung von nachträglichen Befestigungen für sicherheitsrelevante Anwendungen in Beton ist in Europa in der Richtlinie ETAG 001 (1997) geregelt. In dieser Richtlinie wird als Standardbeton zur Durchführung von Eignungsversuchen eine Festigkeitsklasse des Betons von C 20/25 bzw. C 50/60 vorausgesetzt. Außerdem wird ein Bereich vorgegeben, in welchem sich die Sieblinie der Gesteinskörnung zu bewegen hat (siehe Anhang A zur ETAG 001). Bei Tunnelbauprojekten fallen große Mengen an Gesteinsmaterial als Tunnelausbruch an. Aus ökologischen und ökonomischen Gründen wird zunehmend versucht, diesen mineralischen Rohstoff aufzubereiten und beim Ausbau der Tunnelanlage u. a. als Gesteinskörnung für Beton wiederzuverwerten. Spätestens beim Einbringen der Tunnelausstattung sind Befestigungen in diesem Beton unumgänglich, wodurch sich zwangsläufig die Frage nach einem Einfluss auf die Auszugslast der Befestigungen stellt.Zur Beurteilung des Tragverhaltens von nachträglichen Befestigungen in einem Betonelement mit Kalkschiefer (Bündnerschiefer aus dem Vortrieb des Brenner Basistunnels) als Gesteinskörnung wurden Versuche mit unterschiedlichen Befestigungssystemen durchgeführt. Zu Vergleichszwecken wurden mit denselben Befestigungssystemen in gleicher Anzahl Referenzversuche im ungerissenen Beton der Betonfestigkeitsklasse C 20/25 durchgeführt.Application of fastening systems in rock exposing concreteThe approval procedure of post‐installed anchors for structural applications is generally regulated in the European Technical Approval Guideline ETAG 001. In this guideline a concrete compressive strength class of C20/25 resp. C50/60 is stated as standard concrete for the required tests. In addition a range for the grain‐size distribution curve is given in Annex A of ETAG 001. At large tunnel projects large quantities of excavation material are generated. Due to economic and ecological reasons research is done for using these mineral resources as aggregate for concrete which can be used in the construction of the tunnel itself. At the application of the tunnel equipment post‐installed fastening systems will be used and hence the influence on the pull‐out capacities has to be considered.For the evaluation of post‐installed fastening systems in a concrete member made of aggregate from tunnel excavation material (Bündnerschiefer from the Brenner Base Tunnel) various fastening systems were tested. The results of the pull‐out tests were compared to reference tests which were performed under the same conditions in concrete C20/25.
Süderweiterung NürnbergMesse – Entwurf Halle 3A
Authors: Böttcher Christian , Hübener Jan , Mai Alexander 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDas Nürnberger Messegelände wird nach Süden erweitert. Insbesondere Besucher und Aussteller der weltbekannten Spielwarenmesse werden ab 2014 in den Genuss der von Zaha Hadid Architects entworfenen neuen Halle 3A kommen. Der Wunsch einer bezahlbaren und im vorgesehenen engen Zeitfenster realisierbaren Ausnahmearchitektur erforderte angesichts der bautechnischen Komplexität bereits während der Architekturstudie im Jahr 2010 eine interdisziplinäre und am räumlichen Gesamtsystem durchgeführte Bearbeitung.Für die Tragwerksplanung galt es, zahlreiche Herausforderungen zu meistern, primär bei Entwicklung und Nachweis der prägenden Stahlbau‐Dachkonstruktion mit Spannweiten von über 75 m. Dabei waren die Bauzustände bereits zu berücksichtigen. Ähnlich anspruchsvoll gestaltete sich wegen hoher Sichtbetonanforderungen bei zugleich komplexen Geometrien der Massivbau des ca. 105 m langen und fugenlosen Hallenriegels sowie der Verbindung zur bestehenden Halle 4A. Grundbautechnisch ergaben sich durch die gemischte Gründung aus Großbohrpfählen im Hallenbereich und Flachgründung des Hallenriegels, die schadensfreie Herstellung der Baugrube direkt neben einem großen Abwassersammler sowie dessen anschließende Überbauung zahlreiche Besonderheiten.South extension of Nuremberg fairground – Design of Hall 3AThe Nuremberg fairground will be extended southwards. From 2014 on, visitors and exhibitors of the world‐famous Toy Fair will be able to enjoy the new Hall 3A designed by Zaha Hadid Architects. Already during the initial architecture study of 2010, the need for an exceptional architecture was determined, with the prerequisite to be affordable and feasible in the provided tight time window. Due to this and the technical complexity, the requirement of an interdisciplinary and fully 3D‐based approach was given.For structural engineering numerous challenges did exist, primary within development and analysis of the architecturally exposed steel structure of the roof with spans of more than 75 m. Already during the early structural design phases, the construction sequence had to be taken into account. Additionally, the solid construction works of the approximately 105 m long, joint‐less edge wing as well as for the connection to the existing Hall 4A got ambitious due to architecturally exposed concrete along with complex geometries. The mixed foundation with large bore piles in the hall area in combination with a slab foundation for the edge wing, the needs for a large building pit adjacent to a main municipal sewer and its subsequent superstructure led to geotechnical engineering challenges as well.
Durchstanzbewehrung für Elementdecken nach Eurocode 2
Authors: Siburg Carsten , Hegger Josef , Furche Johannes , Bauermeister Ulrich 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDas Tragverhalten von speziellen Gitterträgern als Durchstanzbewehrung wurde in Bauteilversuchen an 18 cm bis 36 cm dicken teilvorgefertigten Stahlbetonplatten mit horizontaler Verbundfuge untersucht. Variiert wurde unter anderem auch die Anordnung der vorgefertigten Platten. Die ermittelten Durchstanzwiderstände und das beobachtete Tragverhalten bestätigen die Effektivität dieser Bewehrungselemente. Die Versuche führten zur Erteilung einer europäischen technischen Zulassung (ETA) auf der Bemessungsgrundlage von Eurocode 2.Punching shear reinforcement for semi precast slabs according to Eurocode 2The load bearing behaviour of special lattice girders functioning as punching shear reinforcement has been tested in full scale tests with 18 cm up to 36 cm thick semi precast slabs with horizontal composite joints. Varied was among other parameter also the arrangement of the precast plates. The determined punching shear resistance and the load bearing behaviour confirmed the effectiveness of this reinforcement. These tests had led to an European Technical Approval (ETA) based on Eurocode 2.
Textilbetonherstellung im Gießverfahren mit Hilfe von Abstandhaltern
Authors: Walther Tobias , Schladitz Frank , Curbach Manfred 
Published: March 2014

AbstractZur effizienten und seriellen Herstellung von Textilbetonplatten im Gießverfahren fehlten bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt geeignete Abstandhalter, mit denen eine sichere Fixierung der textilen Bewehrung in einer Schalung möglich ist. Das Abstandhaltersystem DistTEX eröffnet jedoch diese Möglichkeiten. Die Lage der textilen Bewehrung bleibt während des Gießprozesses erhalten. Die Handhabung und die Einflüsse auf die Eigenschaften von Textilbetonbauteilen mit diesem neuen Abstandhaltersystem wurden an der TU Dresden untersucht und ausgewertet. Die Abstandhalter überzeugten in ihrer Anwendung und ihren Eigenschaften. Es konnte keine Minderung der Tragfähigkeit festgestellt werden. Die visuellen Untersuchungen der Betonoberflächen ergaben, dass die verwendeten Abstandhalter weder unter Normbedingungen noch unter Temperaturschwankungen von bis zu 60 K negativen Einfluss haben. Bei der Überprüfung der Lage der textilen Bewehrung konnten nur leichte Abweichungen von der Solllage festgestellt werden.Textile Reinforced Concrete produced in casting process with SpacerUp to now, an efficient or serial fabrication of textile reinforced concrete slabs through casting was impossible due to the lack of spacers for fixing the textile reinforcement in a formwork. However, the spacer‐system DistTEX makes this possible now. The position of the textile reinforcement remains the same during the casting process. The handling of textile reinforced parts with this new spacer‐system and its influence on the properties were researched and analysed at TU Dresden. The spacer‐system was convincing with regard to its application and properties. Apparently, the load‐bearing capacity was not reduced. A visual analysis of the concrete surface did not reveal any negative influences of the applied spacer‐system either under normal conditions or under temperature variation of up to 60 K. The position of the textile reinforcement proved to have drifted only slightly from the reference position.
Self‐Immolative Bioluminogenic Quinone Luciferins for NAD(P)H Assays and Reducing Capacity‐Based Cell Viability Assays
Authors: Zhou Wenhui , Leippe Donna , Duellman Sarah , Sobol Mary , Vidugiriene Jolanta , O'Brien Martha , Shultz John W. , Kimball Joshua J. , DiBernardo Céline , Moothart Leonard , Bernad Laurent , Cali James , Klaubert Dieter H. , Meisenheimer Poncho 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHighly sensitive self‐cleavable trimethyl lock quinone‐luciferin substrates for diaphorase were designed and synthesized to measure NAD(P)H in biological samples and monitor viable cells via NAD(P)H‐dependent cellular oxidoreductase enzymes and their NAD(P)H cofactors.
RNA‐Directed Amino Acid Coupling as a Model Reaction for Primitive Coded Translation
Authors: Harada Kazuo , Aoyama Shoko , Matsugami Akimasa , Kumar Penmetcha K. R. , Katahira Masato , Kato Nobuo , Ohkanda Junko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe stereochemical theory claims that primitive coded translation initially occurred in the RNA world by RNA‐directed amino acid coupling. In this study, we show that the HIV Tat aptamer RNA is capable of recognizing two consecutive arginine residues within the Tat peptide, thus demonstrating how RNA might be able to position two amino acids for sequence‐specific coupling. We also show that this RNA can act as a template to accelerate the coupling of a single arginine residue to the N‐terminal arginine residue of a peptide primer. The results might have implications for our understanding of the origin of translation.
A case of self‐harm by alcohol intoxication resulted in unintended in‐hospital death
Authors: Nagashima Goro , Kamimura Miho , Kato Akihito , Fukuda Yasunobu , Noda Masayuki , Morishima Hiroyuki , Tanaka Taku , Umano Yuki 
Published: March 2014

Key Clinical MessageIn‐hospital hanging during a confusional state from alcohol intoxication is rare. To treat cases of acute alcohol intoxication, careful observation will be needed to avoid accidental psychological reactions.
Renal failure with a large bladder calculus related to a foreign body: a case report
Authors: Minter Janelle , Chiovaro Joseph 
Published: March 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe encountered a patient with renal failure in the setting of long‐standing difficulty urinating, which he previously treated with intermittent self‐catheterizations. Imaging showed a large urinary calculus in the bladder. This case illustrates the importance of taking a detailed history and the dramatic long‐term effects of bladder calculi.
Whole‐Cell Teabag Catalysis for the Modularisation of Synthetic Enzyme Cascades in Micro‐Aqueous Systems
Authors: Wachtmeister Jochen , Jakoblinnert Andre , Kulig Justyna , Offermann Heike , Rother Dörte 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCombining enzymes to form multi‐step enzyme cascades has great potential to replace existing chemical routes with high atom‐efficient and eco‐efficient synthesis strategies as well as to grant access to new products, especially those with multi‐stereogenic centres. However, easy solutions and tools for setting up appropriate reaction conditions and process modes are hardly available. The utilisation of teabags filled with whole cells has several advantages, such as 1) simplified handling and recovery of catalyst, 2) easy combination of various catalysts from catalyst toolboxes, 3) fast testing of different operating modes during cascadation and 4) simplified downstream processing. One of the main advantages is that lyophilised whole‐cell catalysts can be applied in micro‐aqueous media, allowing high substrate loads (also of poorly water‐soluble substrates) and concomitantly enabling high catalyst stability. This was demonstrated herein for a synthetic two‐step cascade towards chiral 1,2‐diols starting from cheap aldehydes. The carboligation of two aldehydes using Pseudomonas fluorescens benzaldehyde lyase and subsequent oxidoreduction with Ralstonia sp. alcohol dehydrogenase yielded 1‐phenylpropane‐1,2‐diol [(1R,2R)‐PPD] in concentrations of up to 339 mM and excellent enantiomeric and diastereomeric excesses >99 %. Therefore, the combination of whole‐cell catalysis and teabag modularisation allows cheap, easy‐to‐apply and efficient catalyst preparation to test enzyme combinations and optimal reaction conditions up to the preparative scale. By circumventing catalyst purification and immobilisation, and enabling high substrate loadings compared to those in aqueous systems, efficient production of a chiral diol with extraordinarily high product concentrations can be achieved.
One‐Step Production of Sulfur and Nitrogen Co‐doped Graphitic Carbon for Oxygen Reduction: Activation Effect of Oxidized Sulfur and Nitrogen
Authors: Wang Jing , Xu Zheng , Gong Yutong , Han Chuanlong , Li Haoran , Wang Yong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOxidized sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped graphitic carbon (SN‐G) was one‐step synthesized simply by annealing a solid mixture of D‐glucosamine hydrochloride, melamine, and trithiocyanuric acid. By tailoring the additive dosage and the pyrolysis temperature, correlations between the structure, composition, and electrochemical performance of SN‐G were systematically elucidated. To our excitement, the SN3‐G sample pyrolyzed at 900 °C with a dominant oxidized sulfur content exhibited striking electrocatalytic activity in alkaline medium, which was free from the crossover effect, and its long‐term durability was superior to that of commercial Pt/C (20 wt %). Furthermore, oxidized sulfur that was reported to be chemically inactive for the ORR was proven to be active, which was supported by both experimental results and density functional theory calculations.
A Simple Non‐Gassing, Direct Current, Electro‐Osmotic Pump: Carbon Paper/Ceramic Frit/Carbon Paper
Authors: Nagarale Rajaram K. , Heller Adam 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report the simplest of the small, non‐gassing, low‐voltage, direct‐current, electro‐osmotic pumps, providing enough flow for the delivery of drugs. It consists merely of a ceramic frit sandwiched between two plasma‐treated carbon paper electrodes; the plasma treatment adds electro‐oxidizable hydroquinone and electro‐reducible quinone surface functions. Protons released upon the electro‐oxidation of the hydroquinone surface functions move concertedly in the applied electric field at the ceramic membrane water interface and by dragging bulk water, causing water to flow at a rate of 10 μL cm−2 min−1 at an applied potential of 1 V across a 2 mm‐thick membrane. Following plasma treatment of the carbon paper for 45 min, the flow persists for 18 h, in which 10 mL cm−2 of water is pumped.
Flexible and Rigid Amine‐Functionalized Microporous Frameworks Based on Different Secondary Building Units: Supramolecular Isomerism, Selective CO2 Capture, and Catalysis
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Reddy Sandeep K. , Suresh Venkata M. , Mohapatra Sudip , Balasubramanian Sundaram , Maji Tapas Kumar 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report the synthesis, structural characterization, and porous properties of two isomeric supramolecular complexes of ([Cd(NH2bdc)(bphz)0.5]⋅DMF⋅H2O}n (NH2bdc=2‐aminobenzenedicarboxylic acid, bphz=1,2‐bis(4‐pyridylmethylene)hydrazine) composed of a mixed‐ligand system. The first isomer, with a paddle‐wheel‐type Cd2(COO)4 secondary building unit (SBU), is flexible in nature, whereas the other isomer has a rigid framework based on a μ‐oxo‐bridged Cd2(μ‐OCO)2 SBU. Both frameworks are two‐fold interpenetrated and the pore surface is decorated with pendant −NH2 and NN functional groups. Both the frameworks are nonporous to N2, revealed by the type II adsorption profiles. However, at 195 K, the first isomer shows an unusual double‐step hysteretic CO2 adsorption profile, whereas the second isomer shows a typical type I CO2 profile. Moreover, at 195 K, both frameworks show excellent selectivity for CO2 among other gases (N2, O2, H2, and Ar), which has been correlated to the specific interaction of CO2 with the −NH2 and NN functionalized pore surface. DFT calculations for the oxo‐bridged isomer unveiled that the −NH2 group is the primary binding site for CO2. The high heat of CO2 adsorption (ΔHads=37.7 kJ mol−1) in the oxo‐bridged isomer is realized by NH2⋅⋅⋅CO2/aromatic π⋅⋅⋅CO2 and cooperative CO2⋅⋅⋅CO2 interactions. Further, postsynthetic modification of the −NH2 group into −NHCOCH3 in the second isomer leads to a reduced CO2 uptake with lower binding energy, which establishes the critical role of the −NH2 group for CO2 capture. The presence of basic −NH2 sites in the oxo‐bridged isomer was further exploited for efficient catalytic activity in a Knoevenagel condensation reaction.
Absolute Stereochemistry of a 4 a‐Hydroxyriboflavin Analogue of the Key Intermediate of the FAD‐Monooxygenase Cycle
Authors: Iwahana Soichiro , Iida Hiroki , Yashima Eiji , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo , Petrovic Ana G. , Berova Nina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe biological action of flavoenzymes, such as flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)‐containing monooxygenase, involves the formation of oxygenated flavin derivatives, such as 4 a‐hydroperoxyflavin and 4 a‐hydroxyflavin, in which a new center of chirality is created at the 4 a position during the enzymatic reactions. So far, the absolute configuration of this center of chirality in natural 4 a‐oxygenated flavins has remained unknown in spite of its key importance for the diverse functions of flavoenzymes. Herein, we report the 4 a‐hydroxy adduct 3 of 3‐benzyl‐5‐ethyl‐10‐(tetraacetyl‐D‐ribityl)flavinium (1), one of the key intermediates involved in the enantioselective organocatalytic oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides. The 4 a‐hydroxyflavin diastereomers (+)‐3 and (−)‐3, separated by HPLC, were characterized by electronic circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Their absolute configurations at the 4 a position were, for the first time, determined by comparing experimental CD spectra with those calculated by means of time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) on DFT‐optimized structures obtained after an extensive conformation analysis.