bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rules and Values: A Coordinated Regulatory and Educational Approach to the Public Health Crises of Chronic Pain and Addiction
Authors: Katzman Joanna G. , Comerci George D. , Landen Michael , Loring Larry , Jenkusky Steven M. , Arora Sanjeev , Kalishman Summers , Marr Lisa , Camarata Chris , Duhigg Daniel , Dillow Jennifer , Koshkin Eugene , Taylor Denise E. , Geppert Cynthia M.A. 
Published: June 2014

Chronic pain and opioid addiction are 2 pressing public health problems, and prescribing clinicians often lack the skills necessary to manage these conditions. Our study sought to address the benefits of a coalition of an academic medical center pain faculty and government agencies in addressing the high unintentional overdose death rates in New Mexico. New Mexico’s 2012–2013 mandated chronic pain and addiction education programs studied more than 1000 clinicians. Positive changes were noted in precourse and postcourse surveys of knowledge, self-efficacy, and attitudes. Controlled substance dispensing data from the New Mexico Board of Pharmacy also demonstrated safer prescribing. The total morphine and Valium milligram equivalents dispensed have decreased continually since 2011. There was also a concomitant decline in total drug overdose deaths.
Severe Physical Violence and Black Women’s Health and Well-Being
Authors: Lacey Krim K. , Sears Karen Powell , Matusko Niki , Jackson James S. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the association between intimate partner violence and the mental and physical health status of US Caribbean Black and African American women.Methods. We used 2001 to 2003 cross-sectional data from the National Survey of American Life—the most detailed study to date of physical and mental health disorders of Americans of African descent. We assessed participants’ health conditions by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (Washington, DC; American Psychological Association) Composite International Diagnostic Interview.Results. We found differences in health conditions between abused African American and Caribbean Black women. There were increased risks for lifetime dysthymia, alcohol dependence, drug abuse, and poor perceived health for African American victims of partner abuse, and binge eating disorder was associated with partner violence among Caribbean Black women.Conclusions. Severe intimate partner violence was associated with negative mental and physical health outcomes for US Black women, with different patterns between African American and Caribbean Blacks. Understanding intimate partner violence experiences of US Black women requires recognition of key intragroup differences, including nativity and immigrant status, and their differential relationships to women’s health.
Effects of Lowering the Minimum Alcohol Purchasing Age on Weekend Assaults Resulting in Hospitalization in New Zealand
Authors: Kypri Kypros , Davie Gabrielle , McElduff Patrick , Connor Jennie , Langley John 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We estimated the effects on assault rates of lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age in New Zealand from 20 to 18 years. We hypothesized that the law change would increase assaults among young people aged 18 to 19 years (the target group) and those aged 15 to 17 years via illegal sales or alcohol supplied by older friends or family members. Methods. Using Poisson regression, we examined weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization from 1995 to 2011. Outcomes were assessed separately by gender among young people aged 15 to 17 years and those aged 18 to 19 years, with those aged 20 and 21 years included as a control group. Results. Relative to young men aged 20 to 21 years, assaults increased significantly among young men aged 18 to 19 years between 1995 and 1999 (the period before the law change), as well as the postchange periods 2003 to 2007 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.39) and 2008 to 2011 (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.37). Among boys aged 15 to 17 years, assaults increased during the postchange periods 1999 to 2003 (IRR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.10, 1.49) and 2004 to 2007 (IRR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.45). There were no statistically significant effects among girls and young women. Conclusions. Lowering the minimum alcohol purchasing age increased weekend assaults resulting in hospitalization among young males 15 to 19 years of age.
Transition to Adulthood and Antiretroviral Adherence Among HIV-Positive Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Hussen Sophia A. , Andes Karen , Gilliard Danielle , Chakraborty Rana , del Rio Carlos , Malebranche David J. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We conducted a qualitative study of HIV-positive young Black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) to explore their experiences of living with HIV and adhering to antiretroviral medications (ARVs) within the developmental context of their transition to adulthood. Methods. We conducted life history interviews with 20 HIV-positive YBMSM in Atlanta, Georgia, engaged in outpatient HIV care. We addressed these questions: (1) How do YBMSM living with HIV experience the transition to adulthood? and (2) What are the important sociocontextual influences on ARV adherence for YBMSM? Results. Successful transition to adulthood and optimal ARV adherence were inextricably linked. HIV’s detrimental impact on development was moderated by the degree of physical illness at diagnosis. Many participants described resilient trajectories while coping with HIV. Adherence problems occurred primarily among participants who were not meeting their developmental goals. Conclusions. Our findings support the need for early diagnosis and linkage to care, as well as the need to develop holistic, resilience-based interventions focusing on transition to adulthood. These findings have implications for individual clinical outcomes as well as ARV-based prevention efforts among YBMSM.
Adolescent Immunization Coverage and Implementation of New School Requirements in Michigan, 2010
Authors: Potter Rachel C. , DeVita Stefanie F. , Vranesich Patricia A. , Boulton Matthew L. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the effect of Michigan’s new school rules and vaccine coadministration on time to completion of all the school-required vaccine series, the individual adolescent vaccines newly required for sixth grade in 2010, and initiation of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series, which was recommended but not required for girls. Methods. Data were derived from the Michigan Care Improvement Registry, a statewide Immunization Information System. We assessed the immunization status of Michigan children enrolled in sixth grade in 2009 or 2010. We used univariable and multivariable Cox regression models to identify significant associations between each factor and school completeness. Results. Enrollment in sixth grade in 2010 and coadministration of adolescent vaccines at the first adolescent visit were significantly associated with completion of the vaccines required for Michigan’s sixth graders. Children enrolled in sixth grade in 2010 had higher coverage with the newly required adolescent vaccines by age 13 years than did sixth graders in 2009, but there was little difference in the rate of HPV vaccine initiation among girls. Conclusions. Education and outreach efforts, particularly regarding the importance and benefits of coadministration of all recommended vaccines in adolescents, should be directed toward health care providers, parents, and adolescents.
Community Mobilization and Empowerment of Female Sex Workers in Karnataka State, South India: Associations With HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk
Authors: Beattie Tara S. H. , Mohan Harnalli L. , Bhattacharjee Parinita , Chandrashekar Sudha , Isac Shajy , Wheeler Tisha , Prakash Ravi , Ramesh Banadakoppa M. , Blanchard James F. , Heise Lori , Vickerman Peter , Moses Stephen , Watts Charlotte 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the impact of community mobilization (CM) on the empowerment, risk behaviors, and prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infection in female sex workers (FSWs) in Karnataka, India. Methods. We conducted behavioral–biological surveys in 2008 and 2011 in 4 districts of Karnataka, India. We defined exposure to CM as low, medium (attended nongovernmental organization meeting or drop-in centre), or high (member of collective or peer group). We used regression analyses to explore whether exposure to CM was associated with the preceding outcomes. Pathway analyses explored the degree to which effects could be attributable to CM. Results. By the final survey, FSWs with high CM exposure were more likely to have been tested for HIV (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 25.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 13.07, 48.34) and to have used a condom at last sex with occasional clients (AOR = 4.74; 95% CI =  2.17, 10.37), repeat clients (AOR = 4.29; 95% CI = 2.24, 8.20), and regular partners (AOR = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.43, 5.45) than FSWs with low CM exposure. They were also less likely to be infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.87). Pathway analyses suggested CM acted above and beyond peer education; reduction in gonorrhea or chlamydia was attributable to CM. Conclusions. CM is a central part of HIV prevention programming among FSWs, empowering them to better negotiate condom use and access services, as well as address other concerns in their lives.
Associations of Adolescent Hopelessness and Self-Worth With Pregnancy Attempts and Pregnancy Desire
Authors: Fedorowicz Anna R. , Hellerstedt Wendy L. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Bolland John M. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined the associations of pregnancy desire (ambivalence or happiness about a pregnancy in the next year) and recent pregnancy attempts with hopelessness and self-worth among low-income adolescents. Methods. To evaluate independent associations among the study variables, we conducted gender-stratified multivariable logistic regression analyses with data derived from 2285 sexually experienced 9- to 18-year-old participants in the Mobile Youth Survey between 2006 and 2009. Results. Fifty-seven percent of youths reported a desire for pregnancy and 9% reported pregnancy attempts. In multivariable analyses, hopelessness was positively associated and self-worth was negatively associated with pregnancy attempts among both female and male youths. Hopelessness was weakly associated (P = .05) with pregnancy desire among female youths. Conclusions. The negative association of self-worth and the positive association of hopelessness with pregnancy attempts among young men as well as young women and the association of hopelessness with pregnancy desire among young women raise questions about why pregnancy is apparently valued by youths who rate their social and cognitive competence as low and who live in an environment with few options for material success.
Socioeconomic Disparities in Telephone-Based Treatment of Tobacco Dependence
Authors: Varghese Merilyn , Sheffer Christine , Stitzer Maxine , Landes Reid , Brackman S. Laney , Munn Tiffany 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We examined socioeconomic disparities in tobacco dependence treatment outcomes from a free, proactive telephone counseling quitline. Methods. We delivered cognitive–behavioral treatment and nicotine patches to 6626 smokers and examined socioeconomic differences in demographic, clinical, environmental, and treatment use factors. We used logistic regressions and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to model abstinence and account for socioeconomic differences in the models. Results. The odds of achieving long-term abstinence differed by socioeconomic status (SES). In the GEE model, the odds of abstinence for the highest SES participants were 1.75 times those of the lowest SES participants. Logistic regression models revealed no treatment outcome disparity at the end of treatment, but significant disparities 3 and 6 months after treatment. Conclusions. Although quitlines often increase access to treatment for some lower SES smokers, significant socioeconomic disparities in treatment outcomes raise questions about whether current approaches are contributing to tobacco-related socioeconomic health disparities. Strategies to improve treatment outcomes for lower SES smokers might include novel methods to address multiple factors associated with socioeconomic disparities.
Determinants of Increased Opioid-Related Mortality in the United States and Canada, 1990–2013: A Systematic Review
Authors: King Nicholas B. , Fraser Veronique , Boikos Constantina , Richardson Robin , Harper Sam 
Published: June 2014

We review evidence of determinants contributing to increased opioid-related mortality in the United States and Canada between 1990 and 2013.We identified 17 determinants of opioid-related mortality and mortality increases that we classified into 3 categories: prescriber behavior, user behavior and characteristics, and environmental and systemic determinants. These determinants operate independently but interact in complex ways that vary according to geography and population, making generalization from single studies inadvisable. Researchers in this area face significant methodological difficulties; most of the studies in our review were ecological or observational and lacked control groups or adjustment for confounding factors; thus, causal inferences are difficult.Preventing additional opioid-related mortality will likely require interventions that address multiple determinants and are tailored to specific locations and populations.
State Medicaid Expansion, Community Interventions, and Health Care Disparities in a United States–Mexico Border Community
Authors: Langellier Brent A. , Guernsey de Zapien Jill , Rosales Cecilia , Ingram Maia , Carvajal Scott C. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We investigated whether access to and use of health care services increased among residents of a low-income, predominantly Mexican American border community affected by the expansion of Arizona’s Medicaid program in 2001 and multiple community-level programs and policies. Methods. We used data from a probability sample of 1623 adult residents of Douglas, Arizona, who participated in cross-sectional health surveys in 1998 and 2010. Response rates were 83% and 86%, respectively. Results. In 2010, participants were more likely to have a usual source of care, to have visited a provider in the previous year, and to have been screened for diabetes and hypertension and less likely to have delayed needed care or to have seen a regular provider in Mexico (P < .001 for all outcomes). Improvements in access to and use of health care were most pronounced among residents with less than a high school education, which reduced or eliminated educational disparities in health care. Conclusions. Expansion of public insurance programs can effectively reduce health care disparities when paired with other community-level policies and programs that target medically underserved populations.
Meta-analysis of All-Cause Mortality According to Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Garland Cedric F. , Kim June Jiwon , Mohr Sharif Burgette , Gorham Edward Doerr , Grant William B. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Baggerly Leo , Hofflich Heather , Ramsdell Joe Wesley , Zeng Kenneth , Heaney Robert P. 
Published: June 2014

We examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and all-cause mortality. We searched biomedical databases for articles that assessed 2 or more categories of 25(OH)D from January 1, 1966, to January 15, 2013. We identified 32 studies and pooled the data. The hazard ratio for all-cause mortality comparing the lowest (0–9 nanograms per milliliter [ng/mL]) to the highest (> 30 ng/mL) category of 25(OH)D was 1.9 (95% confidence interval = 1.6, 2.2; P < .001). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations less than or equal to 30 ng/mL were associated with higher all-cause mortality than concentrations greater than 30 ng/mL (P < .01). Our findings agree with a National Academy of Sciences report, except the cutoff point for all-cause mortality reduction in this analysis was greater than 30 ng/mL rather than greater than 20 ng/mL.
Health Literacy Environmental Scans of Community-Based Dental Clinics in Maryland
Authors: Horowitz Alice M. , Maybury Catherine , Kleinman Dushanka V. , Radice Sarah D. , Wang Min Qi , Child Wendy , Rudd Rima E. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives. We conducted health literacy environmental scans in 26 Maryland community-based dental clinics to identify institutional characteristics and provider practices that affect dental services access and dental caries education. Methods. In 2011–2012 we assessed user friendliness of the clinics including accessibility, signage, facility navigation, educational materials, and patient forms. We interviewed patients and surveyed dental providers about their knowledge and use of communication techniques. Results. Of 32 clinics, 26 participated. Implementation of the health literacy environmental scan tools was acceptable to the dental directors and provided clinic directors with information to enhance care and outreach. We found considerable variation among clinic facilities, operations, and content of educational materials. There was less variation in types of insurance accepted, no-show rates, methods of communicating with patients, and electronic health records use. Providers who had taken a communication skills course were more likely than those who had not to use recommended communication techniques. Conclusions. Our findings provide insight into the use of health literacy environmental scan tools to identify clinic and provider characteristics and practices that can be used to make dental environments more user friendly and health literate.
Development of Non-Aqueous/Low Density Scale Inhibitor Package for Down-hole Squeeze Treatments
Authors: Chen Ping , Juliussen Bjørn , Vikane Olav , Montgomerie Harry , Benvie Ronald , Frøytlog Cato , Haaland Torstein 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Some of the wells in a North Sea field have a relatively low reservoir pressure. For those wells without gas lift installed, lifting heavy fluid out of the well when flowing back can be a problem. For this type of well, one of the options for the inhibitor squeeze treatments is to use a low density package to avoid pumping a large amount of relatively heavy brine based inhibitor. Through a research program, a polymer inhibitor and non aqueous solvent based package was developed for the squeeze treatments for the field.
This paper will present the detailed discussions of the chemistry of the formulation package. A number of scale inhibitors were screened for the suitability with a low density solvent as a carrying fluid. Due to both environmental concern and different function groups attached on the inhibitors, very limited inhibitor candidates were found to be suitable for being formulated into the low density package. The paper will further present the laboratory evaluation results such as product compatibility, inhibitor partitioning from solvent to brine phase, inhibitor efficiency as well as core flood data.
The paper will also present the field evaluation data. One well treated with this low density package squeezed a water based inhibitor with several times in the past. Due to the reservoir pressure depletion, the low density package was developed for the squeeze treatments. The same inhibitor used in the water based squeeze was formulated into the non-aqueous package. The field trial results show that none of the wells experienced lifting problems while back producing the inhibitor pill. In most of the wells, an improved oil production was seen and maintained for a while after the treatments. A possible mechanism for this will be discussed. In addition, a comparison was made between the treatments from the water based and non-aqueous squeezes.
Successful Closure of Zonal Sand Production with Silica Gel in a Horizontal Well
Authors: Agerbæk M. K. , Gregersen S. H. , Eriksen K. , Noer J. , Mulrooney M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the 1990s, the wells drilled in the Dan field, located in the Danish sector of the North Sea, were primarily completed with sand fracture treatments separated with packers and pipe, which include sliding sleeves [Ref 1]. The zones were stimulated with normal 20/40 mesh sand with a tail of resin coated sand to keep the sand in the fracture.
As water injection was introduced in the Dan field, some water induced fracturing of the chalk reservoir occurred. In the production well DFE-05, a fracture created by a water injector hit the sand fractured zone in the well. Most likely causing damage to the resin coated seal in the zone and loose sand formed erosion holes in the tubing. Maersk Oil investigated the possible options to isolate the damaged zone without restricting the access to the well below the damaged zone. The investigation revealed that one option was to pump an environmental friendly colloidal silica gel into the zone to lock the sand in place.
Several onshore tests with frac sand and colloidal silica gel showed that it was possible to displace the uncured gel into a sand/water mixture and get the gel to set up. The resulting leak rate through a gel/sand plug at high differential pressure was low, and the sand was successfully held in place by the gel.
During the course of the intervention job the primary target zone of the gel was treated with good results. The neighbouring zone above the treated zone was also found to be producing sand. This zone was therefore treated as well. After the gel had cured, the inflatable bridge plugs used to place the gel correctly were removed and the well cleaned up and production restored from the remaining zones.
Six months after the treatment, the well is still producing at a stable rate with only minor traces of sand. The successful job has created valuable learning about the colloidal gel technology and the way it can work in sand fractures.
Critical-Buckling-Load Assessment of Drillstrings in Different Wellbores by Use of the Explicit Finite-Element Method
Authors: Hajianmaleki Mehdi , Daily Jeremy S. 
Published: June 2014

Summary
Previous theoretical formulations for sinusoidal and helical buckling of drillstrings vary significantly and are mostly proposed for frictionless pipes without tool joints. Finite-element-analysis (FEA) methods have the ability to consider geometric details and nonlinearities. However, traditional FEA methods use shell or solid elements for this problem and are computationally expensive. In this paper, an explicit FEA that is based on beam and connector elements implemented in the Abaqus software (2012) is used to study the problem in different wellbores. The wellbore geometry, formation stiffness, friction load, and friction-induced torque are modeled with connector elements. A typical drillstring in vertical, inclined, horizontal, and curved wellbores is simulated, and the explicit FEA results for sinusoidal- and helical-buckling loads are compared with different theoretical formulations and experimental results in the literature. The effects of length, inclination angle, and string effective weight caused by buoyancy as well as the effect of tool joints in straight and curved wellbores are also studied and compared with present formulations and published experimental results. A full-scale well-buckling test has also been simulated, and load-transfer data are compared with the real-world results. Overall, it is demonstrated that the use of explicit FEA can efficiently study drillstring buckling behavior in straight- and curved-wellbore conditions.