bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida albicans aspects of novel silane system–coated titanium and zirconia implant surfaces
Authors: Villard Nicolas , Seneviratne Chaminda , Tsoi James Kit Hon , Heinonen Markku , Matinlinna Jukka 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of novel silane system coatings on zirconia and titanium implant surfaces and the attachment of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.Materials and methodsTitanium and zirconia specimens were silica‐coated and silanized either with a commercial silane primer (RelyX Ceramic Primer™, 3M ESPE) or a novel silane system primer. The novel silane system primer was a blend of 1.0 vol% 3‐acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.3 vol% bis‐1,2‐(triethoxysilyl)ethane diluted in acidified ethanol‐water solvent. The surface roughness (Ra), the surface free energy and the chemical composition of substrate surfaces after treatments were evaluated. C. albcans biofilms were developed on silica‐coated + silanized surfaces during 48 h of incubation time. Colony forming units (CFU) and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) quantified the cells on the material surfaces. Statistical analyses were carried out by 1‐way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc and Games Howell post hoc test at 5% significance level (p).ResultsOn zirconia and titanium surfaces, the Ra and the chemical composition of the specimens were equal (P < 0.05). The surface free energy was decreased on titanium specimens and increased on zirconia specimen after silanization. CFU of C. albicans was significantly lower on zirconia coated with RelyX Ceramic Primer™, (P < 0.001) and on titanium coated with both silanes (P = 0.002). RT‐PCR revealed no differences between the mean quantities of C. albicans (P ≥ 0.067).ConclusionSilica‐coating and silanization had modified the titanium and zirconia surfaces significantly. Both the control and experimental silane primers might inhibit the biofilm formation of C. albicans.
Fragrance allergy and quality of life – a case–control study
Authors: Heisterberg Maria V. , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundFragrance ingredients can cause contact allergy, which may affect quality of life (QoL). However, few studies have investigated this topic.ObjectivesTo investigate QoL life among subjects with a fragrance allergy as compared with other eczema patients.MethodsA case–control survey was sent to subjects with a positive patch test reaction to a fragrance ingredient/marker (n = 550) and to a control group (n = 1100). It contained questions on eczema and the newly developed fragrance QoL index. Participants had been consecutively patch tested at Gentofte University Hospital (2000–2010). The response rate was 65.7%. Information on patch test data was retrieved from the National Contact Dermatitis Database.ResultsAn increase in impairment of QoL was observed in women with fragrance allergy as compared with the control group (p = 0.042), which was not found among men. Several factors played a significant role in impairment of QoL in women: (i) number of fragrance allergies, (ii) severity of the patch test reaction, (iii) age combined with recent diagnosis; and (iv) allergy to specific fragrance ingredients/markers.ConclusionFragrance‐allergic subjects are just as affected in their QoL as other eczema patients. However, women, and in particular recently diagnosed young women, seem to be more impaired in their QoL than other eczema patients.
Delayed Endoluminal Vacuum Therapy for Rectal Anastomotic Leaks after Rectal Resection in a Swine Model: A New Treatment Option
Authors: Rosenberger Laura H. , Shada Amber , Ritter Lane A. , Mauro David M. , Mentrikoski Mark J. , Feldman Sanford H. , Kleiner Daniel E. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAnastomotic leaks are a dreaded surgical complication following colorectal operations. Creation of a temporary proximal diverting ileostomy is used in high‐risk anastomoses, however, additional surgical risk is accumulated with its creation and reversal. Endoluminal vacuum therapy has been shown to seal anastomotic defects in the prophylactic setting in a pig model and we hypothesized it could be utilized in a delayed fashion to rescue subjects with an active anastomotic leak. Yorkshire pigs underwent rectal resection, intentional leak confirmed by fluoroscopy, and endoluminal vacuum therapy device placement to low continuous suction. Following treatment, a contrast enema and necropsy was performed for gross and histopathology. Pigs underwent 2 (or 5) days of free intraperitoneal leak prior to device placement and 5 (or 7) subsequent days of endoluminal vacuum therapy. Six of seven early‐treated pigs sealed their anastomotic defect, while two of the four treated pigs in this extended group sealed the defect. Endoluminal vacuum therapy is feasible and well tolerated in a pig model, and it has been shown to seal a significant number of freely leaking anastomoses in the early period (86%). This technology warrants further study as it may provide a noninvasive means to treatment of anastomotic leaks.
Public Interest in Medical Research Participation: Differences by Volunteer Status and Study Type
Authors: Cobb Enesha M. , Singer Dianne C. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPurposeWe assessed national levels of public interest in medical research participation (MRP) and factors associated with interest as a healthy volunteer; as a diagnosed volunteer; and in seven study types.MethodCross‐sectional, Web‐based survey of the US population in June 2012. Descriptive statistics estimated interest in MRP and multivariable logistic regression determined associations between respondent‐level predictors and interest in MRP.ResultsOf 2,668 respondents (response rate = 61%), 41% were interested in MRP as healthy volunteers and 60% as diagnosed volunteers. Respondents with some college (OR = 1.54, 1.09–2.19) or higher education (OR = 1.86, 1.29–2.70) had higher adjusted odds of interest as healthy volunteers. Non‐Hispanic black race (OR = 0.56, 0.37–0.86) and education below high school (OR = 0.57, 0.35–0.92) were associated with lower adjusted odds of interest as diagnosed volunteers. Non‐Hispanic black race was associated with lower odds of interest in medication trials as diagnosed volunteers (OR = 0.61, 0.40–0.93).ConclusionsWe found high levels of interest in MRP that contrast with low levels of prior research participation. Interest is higher in medical research involving noninvasive designs. Comparatively lower levels of interest in MRP among non‐Hispanic blacks and those with less education raise concerns about disparities in future study enrollment.
Harvard Catalyst | The Clinical Translational Science Center IND/IDE Consult Service: Providing an IND/IDE Consult Service in a Decentralized Network of Academic Healthcare Centers
Authors: Kim Min J. , Winkler Sabune J. , Bierer Barbara E. , Wolf Delia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations require sponsors of clinical investigations involving an investigational drug or device to submit an Investigational New Drug (IND) or Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) application. Strict adherence to applicable regulations is vital to the success of clinical research. Unlike most major pharmaceutical sponsors, investigator sponsors often do not fully appreciate their regulatory obligations nor have resources to ensure compliance. As a result they can place themselves and their institutions at risk. Nevertheless, investigator‐initiated clinical trials are vital to the further development of innovative drugs, biologics, and medical devices. The IND/IDE Subcommittee under the Regulatory Knowledge and Support Program at Harvard Catalyst, The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center worked in collaboration with Harvard and Harvard affiliated institutions to create and launch an IND/IDE Consult Service in a decentralized network of collaborating Academic Healthcare Centers (AHC). The IND/IDE Consult Service offers expertise, resources, and shared experiences to assist sponsor‐investigators and IRBs in meeting regulatory requirements for conducting and reviewing investigator‐initiated IND/IDE studies. The scope of the services provided by the Harvard Catalyst IND/IDE Consult Service are described, including the specifics of the service, lessons learned, and challenges faced, in a scalable model that builds inter‐institutional capacity.
Diagnostic yield of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography‐based cytology for distinguishing malignant and benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Suzuki Rei , Thosani Nirav , Annangi Srinadh , Komarraju Aparna , Irisawa Atsushi , Ohira Hiromasa , Obara Katsutoshi , Fleming Jason B. , Guha Sushovan , Bhutani Manoop S. 
Published: January 2014

Background and AimPublished studies have revealed the diagnostic yield of cytology obtained from endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in distinguishing malignant and benign intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN). However as a result of small sample sizes, the overall magnitude of benefit is unknown. Additionally, the optimal endoscopic procedure for cytology acquisition is also unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of ERCP‐based cytology in patients with IPMN and clarify the optimal sampling technique.MethodsRelevant studies with a reference standard of definitive surgical histology were identified via MEDLINE and SCOPUS. Malignant IPMN included invasive adenocarcinoma, carcinoma in situ, and high‐grade dysplasia. For ERCP, studies using aspiration, brush, and lavage cytology were included. The main objective was the diagnostic yield (pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio) of cytology obtained from ERCP to distinguish malignant and benign IPMN.ResultsMeta‐analysis of 13 international studies with 483 IPMN patients was conducted. Pooled sensitivity was 35.1%, specificity 97.2%, and accuracy 92.9%. Among the three ERCP techniques, lavage cytology showed the best diagnostic ability (sensitivity 45.8%, specificity 97.9%). Malignant IPMN were observed in 45.1% (218/483) of patients in ERCP studies.ConclusionsCytology from ERCP has good specificity but poor sensitivity in distinguishing benign from malignant IPMN. Newer techniques or markers are needed to improve diagnostic yield.
Intra‐epidermal nerve fibres in human skin: back to the roots
Authors: Abels Christoph 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRegarding the existence and the role of intra‐epidermal nerve fibres, the literature is ambiguous. However, performing a literature search, a landmark paper turned up that even many dermatologists seem to have forgotten, or may not even know at all. This paper is entitled ‘The innervation of human epidermis’ written by Arthur and Shelley (J Invest Dermatol, 32, 1959, 397). The full text is available via http://www.nature.com/jid/journal/v32/n3/pdf/jid195969a.pdf. The authors present data on intra‐epidermal nerves at 16 representative body areas. The existence of intra‐epidermal nerve fibres is undisputable and does not only explain clinical symptoms but may even provide a promising target for drug development.
S100B as a potential biomarker for the detection of cytotoxicity of melanocytes
Authors: Cheong Kyung Ah , Noh Minsoo , Kim Chang‐Hyun , Lee Ai‐Young 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSkin irritation is one of the most common adverse reactions in hydroquinone (HQ) and retinoic acid (RA). Although melanocytes have rarely been considered to be involved in skin irritation, RA and particularly HQ could induce melanocyte toxicity, resulting in depigmentation. We chose S100B as a candidate gene for melanocytotoxicity from a genome‐wide transcriptional profiling analysis after applying irritant doses of HQ, RA and sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) to cultures of keratinocytes and/or melanocytes. In this study, the role of S100B on melanocyte viability and cytotoxicity was examined. S100B was detected in melanocytes, but not in keratinocytes or fibroblasts. Melanocytes after treatment with increasing concentrations of HQ, RA, SLS and urushiol showed significant increases in intracellular and extracellular S100B expression with reduced viable cell number and increased release of lactate dehydrogenase. No RAGE expression and no significant function of CD166/ALCAM in melanocyte survival and cytotoxicity favoured the role of intracellular S100B in chemically irritated melanocytes. S100B knock‐down increased apoptosis through inhibition of PI3K/AKT, NF‐κB and ERK activation, suggesting the increased intracellular S100B expression by chemical irritation as a compensatory reaction to reduce cytotoxicity. The numerical decrease in S100B/c‐kit‐double‐positive melanocytes was also examined in human skin epidermis irritated by HQ or RA with stronger staining intensities of S100B. Collectively, the decrease in viable cell number by reduced intracellular S100B levels in vitro and by chemical irritation in vivo suggests that S100B could be a potential biomarker for melanocytes cytotoxicity.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass in older adults
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Soo , Park Kyung‐Sun , Kim Moon‐Jong , Kim Soo‐Kyung , Cho Yong‐Wook , Park Seok Won 
Published: January 2014

AimsOur aim was to clarify the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of low muscle mass in older adults.MethodsIn the present study, 414 adults aged 65 years or older (144 patients with type 2 diabetes and 270 control participants) were included. Body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. Low muscle mass was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle mass/height2 (ASM/Ht2) or appendicular skeletal muscle mass/weight (ASM/Wt) of <2 SD below the sex‐specific normal mean of the young reference group, or <lower 20th percentile of total body skeletal muscle mass/weight (TSM/Wt) from control participants.ResultsOlder men with type 2 diabetes showed significantly lower appendicular skeletal muscle mass than those without diabetes (19.5 ± 3.5 kg vs 21.0 ± 2.8 kg, P < 0.001). The prevalence of low muscle mass was consistently higher in older men with diabetes than those without diabetes defined by ASM/Ht2 (57.6% vs 41.5%, P = 0.040), ASM/Wt (23.7% vs 12.3%, P = 0.046) and TSM/Wt (49.2% vs 20.0%, P < 0.001). In older women with diabetes, the prevalence of low muscle mass was higher than those without diabetes by ASM/Wt (25.9% vs 15.0%, P = 0.044) and TSM/Wt (32.9% vs 20.0%, P = 0.030), but not by ASM/Ht2 (7.1% vs 8.6%, P = 0.685). The risk of low muscle mass was approximately two‐ to fourfold higher in older adults with type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for age, body mass index, current smoking and other risk factors.ConclusionsIn Korean older adults, type 2 diabetes is associated with low muscle mass. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 115–121.
Epidemiology of sarcopenia among community‐dwelling older adults in Taiwan: A pooled analysis for a broader adoption of sarcopenia assessments
Authors: Wu I‐Chien , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Hsiung Chao A. , Wang Ching‐Yi , Wu Chih‐Hsing , Chan Ding‐Cheng Derrick , Li Tsai‐Chung , Lin Wen‐Yuan , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Chen Ching‐Yu , Hsu Chih‐Cheng ,   Sarcopenia and Translational Aging Research in Taiwan (START) Team
Published: January 2014

AimTo develop cut‐off points of muscle mass, gait speed and handgrip strength; and to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia, and the relationship between sarcopenia stages and functional limitations and disability by using these cut‐off points.MethodsWe pooled individual participant data of 2867 community‐dwelling older adults from five cohort studies. We defined the cut‐off point of a muscle mass index (ASM/ht2) as the values of two standard deviations below the sex‐specific means of a young population or as the 20th percentile of the sex‐specific distribution in our study population. The gait speed and handgrip strength cut‐off points were defined as the 20th percentile of their population distributions. We also measured functional limitations, using the Short Physical Performance Battery, and the number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living difficulties.ResultsWe identified the cut‐off points of ASM/ht2, gait speed and handgrip strength. By applying these cut‐off points to our study population, the prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 3.9% (2.5% in women and 5.4% in men) to 7.3% (6.5% in women and 8.2% in men). A higher sarcopenia stage was independently associated with a lower summary performance score, as well as more activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living difficulties (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in community‐dwelling older adults is comparable with those in other populations. A dose–response relationship exists between sarcopenia stages and functional limitations/disability. The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People consensus definition using these cut‐off points is suitable for determining sarcopenia cases in the elderly population of Taiwan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 52–60.
Development of a simple screening test for sarcopenia in older adults
Authors: Ishii Shinya , Tanaka Tomoki , Shibasaki Koji , Ouchi Yasuyoshi , Kikutani Takeshi , Higashiguchi Takashi , Obuchi Shuichi P , Ishikawa‐Takata Kazuko , Hirano Hirohiko , Kawai Hisashi , Tsuji Tetsuo , Iijima Katsuya 
Published: January 2014

AimTo develop a simple screening test to identify older adults at high risk for sarcopenia.MethodsWe studied 1971 functionally independent, community‐dwelling adults aged 65 years or older randomly selected from the resident register of Kashiwa city, Chiba, Japan. Data collection was carried out between September and November 2012. Sarcopenia was defined based on low muscle mass measured by bioimpedance analysis and either low muscle strength characterized by handgrip or low physical performance characterized by slow gait speed.ResultsThe prevalence of sarcopenia was 14.2% in men and 22.1% in women. After the variable selection procedure, the final model to estimate the probability of sarcopenia included three variables: age, grip strength and calf circumference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, a measure of discrimination, of the final model was 0.939 with 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.918–0.958 for men, and 0.909 with 95% CI of 0.887–0.931 for women. We created a score chart for each sex based on the final model. When the sum of sensitivity and specificity was maximized, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for sarcopenia were 84.9%, 88.2%, 54.4%, and 97.2% for men, 75.5%, 92.0%, 72.8%, and 93.0% for women, respectively.ConclusionsThe presence of sarcopenia could be detected using three easily obtainable variables with high accuracy. The screening test we developed could help identify functionally independent older adults with sarcopenia who are good candidates for intervention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 93–101.
Sarcopenia, and its association with cardiometabolic and functional characteristics in Taiwan: Results from I‐Lan Longitudinal Aging Study
Authors: Liu Li‐Kuo , Lee Wei‐Ju , Chen Liang‐Yu , Hwang An‐Chun , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Peng Li‐Ning , Chen Liang‐Kung 
Published: January 2014

AimSarcopenia is a well‐recognized geriatric syndrome, which is associated with a variety of adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of sarcopenia and its associative clinical characteristics in Taiwan.MethodsData of the I‐Lan Longitudinal Aging Study (ILAS) were retrieved for this study. Sarcopenia was defined according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria, and comparisons of demographic characteristics, physical performance, body composition, cardiometabolic profiles and functionality indicators were carried out.ResultsOverall, data of 1008 participants (mean age 65.2 ± 9.3 years, male 50.6%) were retrieved for analysis. The cut‐off value of relative appendicular skeletal muscle was 7.0 kg/m2 for men and 5.9 kg/m2 for women. Sarcopenia was significantly related to low body mass index, smaller waist circumference, poor nutrition and poor cognition. The mean carotid intima‐media thickness and cardiometabolic parameters showed no statistically significant findings.ConclusionsThe present paper showed the epidemiology of sarcopenia, and the strong connection to functionality indicators. However, sarcopenia was not associated with cardiometabolic risk or carotid intima media thickness in the present study. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 36–45.
Age‐associated decline of muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed: A 4‐year longitudinal study of 3018 community‐dwelling older Chinese
Authors: Auyeung Tung Wai , Lee Shun Wah Jenny , Leung Jason , Kwok Timothy , Woo Jean 
Published: January 2014

AimsStudies about sarcopenia in Asia are fewer, and started later than in Europe and America. We attempted to examine the decline in muscle mass, grip strength and gait speed in a cohort of older Chinese prospectively over 4 years.MethodsWe recruited 4000 community‐living Chinese older than 64 years, and measured their appendicular skeletal mass (ASM) by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, grip strength, and gait speed at baseline and after 2 years. Muscle mass and gait speed were additionally measured after 4 years.ResultsAfter 4 years, 3018 participants completed all the measurements. The annualized decline in grip strength (−0.798 kg/year vs −1.239 kg/year) and gait speed (−0.019 m/s/year vs – 0.025 m/s/year) was faster in women than in men. Muscle mass was relatively preserved in comparison with grip strength and gait speed. The percentage loss of ASM in 4 years was −1.59% and −2.02% in men and women, respectively. The percentage decline in gait speed after 4 years was −8.2% in men and −9.0% in women. However, the decline in grip strength was more rapid, particularly in women, which was −10.0% in 2 years and less so in men, −3.85% in 2 years.ConclusionCompared with black people and white people, the older Chinese have less muscle mass, weaker grip strength and slower gait speed. Although the rate of loss of ASM was modest, the decline in gait speed was rapid and the decline in grip strength was particularly fast in older Chinese women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 76–84.
Age‐related changes in skeletal muscle mass among community‐dwelling Japanese: A 12‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Shimokata Hiroshi , Ando Fujiko , Yuki Atsumu , Otsuka Rei 
Published: January 2014

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate age‐related changes in skeletal muscle mass among community‐dwelling middle‐aged and elderly Japanese.MethodsThis 12‐year longitudinal study of a community‐dwelling population in Japan included 15 948 examinations of 1962 men and 1990 women. We assessed appendicular muscle mass (AMM) using dual X‐ray absorptiometry and calculated the skeletal muscle index (SMI) using the AMM divided by height squared (kg/m2). Low muscle mass was defined as muscle mass minus two standard deviations below the mean for young healthy adults. Leg extension power (watts) was measured as an index of muscle function. Longitudinal data of skeletal muscle mass were analyzed using a general linear mixed‐effect model.ResultsThe prevalence of low muscle mass at the first wave of examinations was 27.1% in men and 16.4% in women. Longitudinal analysis showed that skeletal muscle mass decreased with aging during the 12‐year study period except in middle‐aged men, and to a greater extent in elderly men (P for trend, <0.001). Skeletal muscle mass decreased slightly, but significantly, in women. Although a cross‐sectional analysis showed that SMI did not differ with age in women, leg extension power per leg muscle mass and grip strength per arm muscle mass as indices of muscle quality were significantly lower in older women (P for trend, <0.001 for both).ConclusionAge‐related decreases in muscle mass were trivial, especially in women, but the quality of muscle decreased with aging in both sexes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14 (Suppl. 1): 85–92.