bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation: Guest Editor’s Introduction
Authors: Salter Michael 
Published: July 2015

One of the most unnerving aspects of child sexual abuse is that it is constantly manifesting in unexpected ways. The current Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse has collected testimony of abuse in churches, schools, out-of-home care, hospitals and religious communities, demonstrating the breadth of institutional arrangements whose structures and cultures have facilitated child sexual abuse. Cases of serious and prolonged sexual abuse in family contexts have been excluded from the terms of reference of the Royal Commission but nonetheless continue to surface in media reports. In 2013, twelve children were permanently removed from an extended family living in rural NSW in what has been described as one of the worst cases of child abuse in Australia, involving intergenerational incest going back at least three generations (Auebach 2014). Another recent high-profile case involved the use of the Internet to facilitate the sexual exploitation of an adopted child by his parents in Queensland (Ralston 2013). These cases challenge the received wisdom that child sexual abuse is characterised by the victimisation of one child by one opportunistic offender. Such incidents suggest instead that child sexual abuse takes varied and systemic forms, and can operate to perpetuate and entrench toxic cultures and power structures. This special issue on Child Sexual Abuse and Exploitation is a timely contribution to ongoing efforts to understand the multiplicity of child sexual abuse. It is an interdisciplinary collection of insights drawn from criminology, sociology, psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis, and includes papers from academic researchers alongside academic practitioners whose writing is grounded in their work with affected individuals and communities. A key aim of the special issue is to contextualise the diversity of child sexual abuse socially, politically and historically, recognising the dynamic and iterative relationships between sexual abuse and the contexts in which it takes place. The contributions to this special issue examine how the diversity and dynamics of abuse unfold at the individual, community and social level, and across time. The issue is focused on emerging or under-recognised forms of child sexual abuse, such as organised abuse and sexual exploitation, which illustrate recent shifts in the knowledge base and require new and innovative criminological thinking.Download the PDF file from this page to find out more about this special edition.
Foreign Direct Investment within the Country of Libya as Post-Conflict Region: The Image of Oil Industry after (2011)
Authors: Almnfi Mohamed , Yang Dr. Lihua 
Published: July 2015

<p><span>The editorial board announced that this article has been retracted on July 01, 2015, If you have any further question, please contact us at: <a>ijld@macrothink.org</a></span></p>
GESTÃO FLORESTAL NO MARANHÃO: ESTRUTURA ESTADUAL PÓS-DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO
Authors: De Sá Rocha José Das Dores , Silva José Arimatéa , Hoeflich Vitor Afonso , Campello Francisco Carneiro Barreto 
Published: July 2015

As instituições dos estados do Nordeste que assumiram a gestão florestal foram diagnosticadas pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente em 2009. Decorrente deste estudo regional, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos: i) Caracterizar os instrumentos de política e de gestão florestal no estado do Maranhão; ii) Analisar o atual modelo de gestão florestal estadual. Os dados foram obtidos de fontes secundárias na rede mundial de computadores e através da aplicação de questionários em dois Seminários realizados no próprio estado. Os instrumentos de política e gestão florestal foram classificados segundo suas características legais, econômicas e administrativas afetas ao tema. O modelo de gestão florestal foi analisado com base no modelo de excelência em gestão pública, adaptado para o estudo. As principais conclusões foram: há conflitos legais de competências da gestão florestal no estado, entre a SEMA e a SEAGRO; a SEMA é responsável pela política e pela gestão florestal maranhense; uma Superintendência de Gestão Florestal, ainda não institucionalizada, estava, na prática operando a gestão florestal; planejamento, execução e controle da gestão florestal foram avaliados, de modo geral, em situação insatisfatória, tanto pelo público interno da SEMA quanto pelos seus usuários.Palavras-chave: Modelo de gestão florestal; descentralização; Nordeste do Brasil. AbstractForest management in the State of Maranhão, beyond decentralization. The institutions in the Northeastern states that assumed forest management were diagnosed by the Ministry of Environment in 2009. Due to this regional study, this paper aims to: i) characterize the fundamentals of policy and forest management in the state of Maranhão, ii) analyze the current model of state forest management. Data were obtained from secondary sources on the World Wide Web and through questionnaires in two seminars held within the state. The fundamentals of policy and forest management were characterized on the basis of legal instruments, administrative and economic sympathetic to the issue. The forest management model was analyzed based on the model of excellence in public management, adapted for the study. The main conclusions were: conflicts of legal jurisdiction in the state of forest management, and between SEAGRO and SEMA.SEMA is responsible for forest management policy and Maranhão, a Superintendent of Forest Management, not yet institutionalized, was in practice the operating forest management, planning, execution and control of forest management were evaluated, in general, an unsatisfactory situation, both the public and internal SEMA by its users.Keywords: Forest Management model; decentralization; Northeast of Brazil.
COMPORTAMENTO SAZONAL DA EXPORTAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE CELULOSE PARA A CHINA ENTRE 1997 E 2012
Authors: Soares Philipe Ricardo Casemiro , Cardoso Marcos Vinícius , Schirigatti Elisangela Lobo , De Almeida Alexandre Nascimento , Da Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro , Timofeiczyk Junior Romano 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a sazonalidade do preço da celulose brasileira comercializada com a China como ferramenta para auxiliar na tomada de decisão sobre a comercialização do produto no mercado externo. Para isso, foram coletados, no Sistema ALICE-WEB, dados de quantidade e valores totais das exportações brasileiras de celulose para a China e, após deflacionamento, foram estimados os preços de venda do produto, para a determinação do índice sazonal para diferentes períodos entre 1997 e 2012. Os resultados mostraram que o preço do produto é instável durante o ano, no entanto tende a ser superior durante o segundo semestre, mais especificamente no terceiro trimestre. Essas informações indicam que as empresas devem fortalecer o comércio de celulose com a China nesses períodos, buscando mercados alternativos quando os preços estiverem mais baixos.Palavras-chave: Sazonalidade; comércio internacional; pasta química de madeira; competitividade. AbstractSeasonal behavior of Brazilian pulp exports to China between 1997 and 2012. This study aimed to evaluate the seasonality of the price of Brazilian pulp traded with China as a tool to assist in decision making about commercialization of this product in external market. For this, data of quantity and total value from the Brazilian pulp exports to China were collected, in ALICE-WEB database, and after deflation, prices of product sales were estimated to determine the seasonal index for different periods between 1997 and 2012. The results showed that the price of the product is unstable during the year, but tends to be higher in the second semester, more specifically in the third trimester. This information indicates that companies should strengthen pulp trade pulp trade with China during these periods, seeking alternative markets when prices are lower.Keywords: Seasonality; international trade; chemical wood pulp; competitiveness.
A EXPANSÃO DOS REFLORESTAMENTOS DE EUCALIPTO NO ESTADO DE GOIÁS
Authors: Angelo Humberto , Paulucio Felipe Ferreira , Almeida Alexandre Nascimento de , Matricardi Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli , Soares Philipe Ricardo Casemiro 
Published: July 2015

O reflorestamento com eucalipto está em franca expansão no Brasil devido à demanda dessa matéria-prima na indústria e construção civil. No entanto, apesar da importância das florestas plantadas como principal insumo para a indústria de base florestal e outros produtos, o eucalipto no estado de Goiás tem sido pouco estudado. Um dos motivos para a ausência de estudos no estado deve-se à falta de dados desagregados e à grande pulverização dos plantios, dificultando o levantamento dos mesmos. Este trabalho teve com objetivo levantar e analisar a evolução da área destinada ao plantio do eucalipto em três municípios do estado de Goiás. Como base metodológica, empregaram-se técnicas de análise de regressão e geoprocessamento com dados de sensoriamento remoto. Os resultados deste estudo indicam um forte potencial da atividade florestal não verticalizada nos municípios goianos de Alexânia, Abadiânia e Anápolis.Palavras-chave: Goiás; plantações florestais; Eucalyptus spp.; geoprocessamento. AbstractEvolution of eucalyptus plantations in the Goiás State. Reforestation with eucalyptus is booming in Brazil due to the demand of this raw material in industry and construction. However, despite the importance of planted forests as the main raw material for the forest-based industry and other products, the eucalyptus in the Goias State has been little studied. One reason for the lack of studies in the Goias State is due to the lack of disaggregated data and large spray of eucalyptus plantations in the state, making it difficult to obtain forestry statistics. The objective is to collect and analyze the evolution of the area planted with eucalyptus in three municipalities from Goias state. The methodology is composed by regression analysis and geoprocessing with remote sensing data. The results of this study indicate a strong potential forest from private nonindustrial lands in the municipalities of Alexânia, Abadiânia Anápolis.Keywords: Goias State; forest plantations; Eucalyptus spp.; geoprocessing.
INFLUENCIA DO HIDROGEL NO CRESCIMENTO E NO TEOR DE NUTRIENTES DAS MUDAS DE Eucalyptus dunnii
Authors: Navroski Márcio , Araujo Maristela Machado , Reiniger Lia Rejane Silveira , Muniz Marlove Fátima Brião , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira 
Published: July 2015

Objetivou-se avaliar doses do hidro-retentor adicionado ao substrato sobre crescimento, teor nutricional e qualidade de mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, constituídos de concentrações crescentes do hidrogel (0; 1,5; 3,0; 4,5 e 6,0 g.L-1). Foram utilizadas seis repetições, cada uma composta por 24 plantas. Aos 90 dias após a semeadura, foi realizada a avaliação de parâmetros morfológicos das mudas e análise nutricional da parte aérea. A dose em torno de 4,5 g.L-1 ocasiona a melhor resposta quanto às variáveis avaliadas, proporcionando maior altura, diâmetro de coleto, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O uso de doses abaixo de 3 g.L-1 ou acima de 4,5 g.L-1 diminuíram a qualidade das mudas. Todos os macronutrientes apresentaram maior teor na parte aérea (caule + folhas) na presença do hidrogel. O teor dos macronutrientes na parte aérea das mudas aumenta com a adição do hidrogel, porém diminui o teor dos micronutrientes. Em geral, o uso do polímero hidro-retentor aumentou a qualidade das mudas de E. dunnii.Palavras-chave: Produção de mudas; polímero hidroretentor; retenção de água e nutrientes; análise nutricional. AbstractDoses of hydrogel influencing growth and nutritional content in seedlings Eucalyptus dunnii. The objective was to evaluate different dosages of hidroretentor added to the substrate on the growth, nutrient content and quality of Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with six treatments, and increasing concentrations of the hydrogel (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 g.L-1). Were six replicates, each consisting of 24 plants. At 90 days after sowing was evaluated morphological parameters of seedlings and nutritional analysis of the seedlings. The dose around 4.5 g.L-1 brings the best answer for the variables evaluated, providing greater height, diameter collect, shoot dry mass, root parts and Dickson quality index. The use of doses below 3 g.L -1 or above 4.5 g.L -1 decreased the quality of seedlings. All macronutrients showed higher content in shoots (leaves + stem) in the presence of the hydrogel. The macronutrient content of the shoots of seedlings increases with the addition of the hydrogel, but decreases the content of micronutrients. In general, the use of polymer hidroretentor increased the quality of the seedlings of E. dunnii.Keywords: Seedling production; polymer hidroretentor; retention of water and nutrients; nutritional analysis.
POPULATION STRUCTURE OF Araucaria angustifolia IN THE IGUAÇU NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Albiero Junior Alci , Temponi Lívia Godinho , Galvão Franklin , Botosso Paulo Cesar , Guimarães Ana Tereza Bittencourt 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze the population structure, regeneration and spatial distribution of Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz. within a natural forest and in forest edge with agricultural monoculture. All araucaria individuals from 10 cm high were recorded in 200 plots of 10 x 10 m. 479 individuals were sampled (416 at the edge and 63 inside). Of these, 33 were females, 37 males, 49 juveniles and 360 regenerating individuals. The population structure performance was similar to standard inverted-J. Regenerating individuals had mainly the aggregate distribution pattern, while juveniles, males and females had a uniform pattern. Density of the canopy affected frequency of the individuals, where higher frequencies at higher densities were observed, indicating that regeneration of this species is more effective in shadowed environments. Due to the large number of individuals sampled in different size classes, the Iguaçu National Park is an important conservation remaining of A. angustifolia.Keyword: Density canopy; mixed temperate rain forest; spatial distribution; regeneration. ResumoEstrutura populacional de Araucaria angustifolia no Parque Nacional do Iguaçu. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a estrutura populacional, regeneração e distribuição espacial de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntz no interior de uma floresta natural e na borda de uma floresta com monocultura agrícola. Todos os indivíduos de araucária a partir de 10 cm de altura foram registrados em 200 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, sendo amostrados 479 indivíduos (416 na borda e 63 no interior). Desses, 33 eram fêmeas, 37 machos, 49 juvenis e 360 regenerantes. A estrutura da população apresentou padrão semelhante ao J-invertido. Os indivíduos regenerantes apresentaram principalmente o padrão agregado de distribuição, já para os juvenis, machos e fêmeas o padrão foi uniforme. A densidade do dossel influenciou a frequência de indivíduos, sendo observadas maiores frequências em maiores densidades, indicando que a regeneração da espécie é mais efetiva em ambientes sombreados. Devido ao grande número de indivíduos amostrados em diferentes classes de tamanho, o Parque Nacional do Iguaçu representa um importante remanescente na conservação de A. angustifolia.Palavras-chave: Densidade do dossel; Floresta Ombrófila Mista; distribuição espacial; regeneração.
PAINÉIS CIMENTO-MADEIRA DE Eucalyptus saligna COM DIFERENTES ADITIVOS QUÍMICOS E MÉTODOS DE FORMAÇÃO
Authors: Castro Vinicius Gomes , Braz Rafael Leite , Azambuja Rafael Rosa , Loiola Pedro Lício , Iwakiri Setsuo , Matos Jorge Luis Monteiro 
Published: July 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial de uso de diferentes aditivos químicos e métodos de formação na produção de compósitos cimento-madeira com clone de Eucalyptus saligna. Utilizou-se o cimento Portland tipo CP II-Z, como aglutinante mineral, e cloreto de cálcio (CaCl2) e cloreto de magnésio (MgCl2),como aceleradores de cura do cimento. Os painéis cimento-madeira foram produzidos pelo método de prensagem na prensa de pratos de 50,5 x 38,5 x1,5 cm, e pelo método de adensamento por vibrocompactação em dimensões de 35 x 7 x1,5 cm. Os painéis foram formados com densidade nominal de 1 g/cm³ e relação cimento:madeira de 2,75:1. Com base nos resultados, pode-se concluir que: (I) os testes de hidratação mostraram que a madeira é compatível com o cimento Portland tipo II; (II) o uso de cloreto de cálcio e de magnésio na proporção de 3% em relação à massa do cimento proporcionou incremento nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis produzidos pelos dois métodos de formação avaliados; (III) os painéis produzidos pelo método de adensamento por vibrocompactação apresentaram menor densidade média, maior estabilidade dimensional e melhor tração perpendicular do que os painéis produzidos pelo método tradicional de prensa de pratos.Palavras-chave: Compósito cimento-madeira; vibro compactação; aceleradores de cura. AbstractWood-cement boards of Eucalyptus saligna with different chemical additives and methods of formation. The aim of this work was evaluate the potential use of different chemical additives and methods of formation for wood-cement composites with Eucalyptus saligna clones. Portland cement type II-Z was used as mineral bonding and Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as accelerator of the cement hydration. The wood-cement panels were produced by the cold press method with dimensions of 50.5 x 38.5 x1.5 cm, and by vibro-compaction densification with 35 x 7 x 1.5 cm. Both methods used a nominal density of 1.0 g/cm3 and wood: cement ratio of 1:2.75. Main results: (I) Hydration tests showed that E. saligna wood is compatible with Portland cement type II; (II) Use of Calcium and magnesium chlorides at 3% in relation of the cement dry weight improve physical and mechanical properties of wood-cement composites produced by studied methods; (III) Composites produced by vibro-compaction densification presented lower density, higher dimensional stability and higher internal bond than composites produced by the traditional cold press method.Keywords: Cement-wood composites; vibro-compaction; chemical accelerators.
European Online Marketplace – New Measures for Consumer Protection against “Old Conflict of Laws Rules”
Authors: Jaroszek Agata 
Published: July 2015

The paper aims at discussing the rationale for protecting consumers under the new directive on consumer rights (CRD) and its relation to conflict of law rules under the Regulation on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I).The author is of the opinion the newly adopted legal framework for consumer protection under the directive on consumer rights seems to be more predictable especially in terms of supporting consumers with more mandatory information before the conclusion of a contract with a professional as well as a single 14 day withdrawal period for all Member States. However, the level of consumer protection in the purchase of digital content is insufficient and from the perspective of conflict of laws rules for consumer contracts under Rome I, a consumer who actively makes a purchase from a professional from another Member State or a third country cannot expect the special protective rules envisaged in the regime under CRD and Rome I to be applied by default; rather, the general rules come into play.
Mutual Legal Assistance & Other Mechanisms for Accessing Extraterritorially Located Data
Authors: Osula Anna-Maria 
Published: July 2015

This article discusses the role of Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA) and other established mechanisms of international cooperation in the fight against cyber crime. The analysis is limited to mechanisms facilitating access to extraterritorially located data. After a brief account on the legal prerequisites of successful fight against cyber crime, the article proceeds to exploring both traditional as well as alternative cooperation mechanisms for transborder data access. Given the realistic assessment that the amount of digital evidence to be accessed extraterritorially will only increase with time, the article focuses on the difficulties in accessing data under the current MLA procedures. The article reiterates that States are in need for more time-effective measures for transborder data access. Unless the identified inefficiencies pertaining to MLA are addressed, the traditional focus on territoriality, and assuming the other State being the primary counterpart for carrying out investigative measures requiring transborder access to evidence, will continue to gradually shift to more operational mechanisms that do not necessarily require the prior authorisation of the State where the data is located.
Social Media - Cyber trap door to defamation
Authors: Lewis Coleen 
Published: July 2015

Social media is increasing being used by persons worldwide. The nature and characteristics of social media serve to advance the exercise of the human right to freedom of expression. This article argues that while these qualities of social media has its positives, it also conversely exacerbate the risk of social media users being culpable for claims of defamation worldwide.The recently enacted Jamaican Defamation Act 2013 includes provisions which are applicable to publications via social media. This article will review those.
The New EU Regulation on Online Resolution for Consumer Disputes
Authors: Bogdan Michael 
Published: July 2015

This paper deals with the central provisions of the new EU Regulation No 524/2013 on Online Dispute Resolution for Consumer Disputes, which will apply from 9 January 2016. The purpose of the Regulation is to create a European userfriendly interactive website (“ODR platform”) for out-of-court, independent, impartial, inexpensive and fast resolution of disputes stemming from online sale or service contracts between a consumer resident in the EU and a trader established in the EU. The paper presents the principal features of the Regulation and discusses its potential contribution to improved functioning of the EU internal market.