bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gesundheitsökonomische Forschung in Hannover – das Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH)
Authors: Zeidler Jan , Prenzler Anne , Amelung Volker , Krauth Christian , von der Schulenburg J.-Matthias Graf 
Published: September 2013

Einleitung
Das Center for Health Economics Research Hannover (CHERH) ist eines von vier geförderten Zentren der gesundheitsökonomischen Forschung in Deutschland. Die Forschungsschwerpunkte der Kooperation aus Leibniz Universität Hannover und der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover liegen auf der Analyse von Routinedaten der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung, gesundheitsökonomischen Evaluationen, Verteilungsgerechtigkeit sowie der Messung von Patient Reported Outcomes. Das übergreifende Ziel des CHERH ist die gesundheitsökonomische Analyse und Optimierung von Versorgungsstrukturen.
Ethische Probleme wettbewerblicher Steuerung
Authors: Staber Jeanine , Pundt Johanne 
Published: September 2013

Einleitung
Die zunehmend wettbewerbliche Steuerung in der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung hat das Ziel, Qualität und Effizienz der Gesundheitsversorgung zu verbessern. Allerdings können sich auch Marktergebnisse einstellen, die diesen Zielen zuwiderlaufen und gleichzeitig ethische Probleme hervorrufen, wie beispielsweise die Folgen der Vergütung im stationären Sektor zeigen. Daher sollten wettbewerbliche Regulierungen regelmäßig auf ihre Marktergebnisse hin beurteilt sowie ggf. geändert werden.
An ice-free Arctic Ocean: history, science, and scepticism
Authors: Luedtke Brandon 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTOver the last three centuries, geographers, oceanographers, geophysicists, glaciologists, climatologists, and geoengineers have shown great interest in Arctic Ocean sea ice extent. Many of these experts envisaged an ice-free Arctic Ocean. This article studies three stages of that narrative: the belief in an ice-free Arctic Ocean, the potential for one, and the threat of one. Eighteenth and nineteenth century interest in accessing navigable polar sea routes energised the belief in an iceless polar sea; an early twentieth century North Hemispheric warm spell combined with mid-century cold war geostrategy to open the potential for drastic sea ice loss; and, most recently, climate models have illuminated the threat of a seasonally ice-free future, igniting widespread concerns about the impact this might have on Earth's natural and physical systems. This long narrative of an ice-free Arctic Ocean can help to explain modern-day scepticism of human-induced environmental change in the far north.
Trial KV (1969), A Middle Minoan Building at Knossos
Authors: Younger J. , Popham Mervyn R. , Warren P. 
Published: September 2013

The excavation to be described below was an emergency undertaking and no more than a test in size and purpose. The finds, though by no means spectacular, were considerable in number and, being mostly contemporary, deserve publication despite the provisional nature of the excavation.A villager planting tomatoes at Knossos brought to light a mass of plain pottery in the field of Michaelis Phrondarakis, situated in plot no. 2173 on the Greek Economic Survey (1950) Plan of the village; the locality is called Sochara and lies on the rising ground above the village coffee-shops, almost due west of the Palace. The discovery was reported to the Greek Archaeological Service which, after a little digging, collected much pottery and some plaster objects. Considering the site deserved fuller investigation, the Ephor, Dr. St. Alexiou, invited the School to carry out this work as a matter of urgency.
Notes from Knossos, Part I
Authors: Popham Mervyn 
Published: September 2013

Rearrangement of the Stratigraphical Museum at Knossos, emergency digs, chance finds, and interrupted projects of study have combined to leave the author with material which is largely disjointed though some can be welded into cohesive units. Presented partly in the form of a catalogue and partly as expanded notes, it may be useful to those working in the various periods and fields of Minoan studies.The catalogue below covers some of the finds preserved in the Stratigraphical Museum from the excavations of Evans and Curators at Knossos, which they did not publish or which have been subsequently restored; to these have been added more recent chance finds and objects from emergency excavations in the Knossos area for which the author was responsible. This is followed by an account of some of Evans's deposits from the Palace which have a bearing on the relationship of MM IIIB and LM IA pottery.
Late Minoan Vases and Bronzes in Oxford
Authors: Catling H. W. 
Published: September 2013

The Ashmolean Museum, with the help of the Sir Arthur Evans Fund, has recently acquired three sets of material, vases and bronzes, said to have been found in Crete. Such a provenance is confirmed by the nature of the objects themselves. The three sets were acquired at different times on the London market, but the first (sixteen painted vases) and the second (eleven bronze weapons and tools) were said to have come from one and the same site, reputed to be somewhere in the region of Siteia. The remaining set of objects (eleven painted vases) has no more precise provenance than ‘Crete’.The material appears all to be of Late Minoan III date; the twenty-seven painted vases include examples of Late Minoan IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC date, and there is probably a similar chronological spread among the bronzes. As comparatively little material of the same categories has been published in detail, the opportunity is taken to illustrate and describe these Oxford acquisitions as a contribution to Late Minoan III studies.
Knossos Neolithic, Part II
Authors: Warren Peter , Jarman M. R. , Jarman H. N. , Shackleton N. J. , Evans J. D. 
Published: September 2013

All the axes are of Cretan materials. The majority, fifty-nine out of seventy-one, are of altered basic igneous rock consisting of various minerals, usually with much chlorite and serpentine. Group A is called serpentine as this mineral is predominant. In appearance the axes are blue/grey/black mottled, sometimes with brown mottling also. Group B is called greenstone since the minerals epidote and chlorite are present in large quantities and the specimens have a distinct greyish-green appearance. Group C is again altered basic rock, including chlorite and serpentine, though neither predominates.There are a number of outcrops of chlorite and serpentine among the limestones of Crete, especially in the northern and southern foothills of the Mt. Ida massif.Two axes appear to be of haematite, which occurs in Crete, two of limestone and one of schist. The materials of seven others are not certain, though several are probably of altered basic rock (see The Catalogue).The materials agree with those of other stone axes from Crete, for serpentiniferous basic rock and greenstone examples have been picked up in various parts of the island. Greenstone and haematite were the predominant materials of the Late Neolithic axes from Magasá near Palaikastro.
‘Melian Reliefs’ in the collection of the British School at Athens
Authors: Stilp Florian 
Published: September 2013

In the collection of the Museum of the British School at Athens two specimens of the so-called ‘Melian Reliefs’ have been discovered. Sphinxes are already known in this class of reliefs, but these two furnish a new iconographical type: the isolated crouching sphinx. A similar type is very well attested among the widespread Corinthian terracotta-reliefs which are, however, clearly to be distinguished from our ‘Melian’ class.At an iconographical level, a short study related to the gender of Greek sphinxes is able to demonstrate that male sphinxes were not foreign to Greek perception. The two new female sphinxes presented here furnish the first examples of sickle-shaped wings known within the class of ‘Melian Reliefs’.
The Dating of some Burials in Tumuli in South Albania
Authors: Hammond N. G. L. 
Published: September 2013

In May 1970 an Albanian delegation attended the Second International Congress of Southeast European Studies at Athens, and one of the delegates, Professor Frano Prendi, with his characteristic kindness, sent me copies of three Communications which were delivered to the Congress. As the illustrations in these Communications were of poor quality, he sent me two photographs from which two of the illustrations had been made. I reproduce these photographs here as Plates 34 and 35.The general thesis of the delegation was that the formation of the Illyrian ethnos in central and south Albania began at the end of the ‘Eneolithic’ period; that an autochthonous evolution followed which spanned the entire Bronze Age and continued into the Early Iron Age; and that during this long period the ‘Ur-Illyrians’, if I may style them so, had reciprocal exchanges with other people, but preserved their own ethnic character.
Termites facilitate root foraging by trees in a Bornean tropical forest
Authors: Lu Mingzhen , Davidescu Mircea , Sukri Rahayu Sukmaria , Daskin Joshua H. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract:Plants can develop novel adaptations for nutrient acquisition in nutrient-limited ecosystems. These adaptations include colonization by roots of tree trunks and logs that can act as nutrient reservoirs. Termites may facilitate this root colonization by digging tunnels and accelerating decomposition in logs and tree trunks. We measured the frequency with which above-ground tree root colonization co-occurs with the presence of termites or their tunnels inside living trees above 20 cm dbh (n = 178) and dead tree trunks and logs at least 15 cm in diameter (n = 146) in a Bornean tropical forest. Roots above the soil surface co-occur with termite tunnels 39% more frequently than expected by chance in trunks of living trees and 17% more frequently than expected by chance in logs. By categorizing logs according to hardness through ease of penetration, we found that softer logs at a late stage of decay did not show co-occurrence of termite activity and roots to the same extent as harder logs. This suggests that trees forage where termites have removed physical barriers to colonization. In this fashion, termites may accelerate nutrient cycling in tropical rain forests.
San Francisco in Five Hundred Words or Less
Authors: Brody Richard A. 
Published: September 2013

The only salutary consequence of the failure of the APSA dues increase to attract fifty percent plus one of the voters is that those who attend the San Francisco Convention will be spared a long essay on the pleasures of the flesh—eating and sightseeing—in the convention city. That essay would have afforded me room to describe my thirty-five year love affair with this city and to detail why I believe it to be the most exciting and satisfying forty-two square urban miles on earth. Since I lack the space, you will have to make do with a more succinct statement.First things first, let's consider food: You can do advanced research to prepare yourself for the convention week—lest you “waste” one lunch or dinner on “ordinary” fare—or you can follow your fancy, get yourself into the right area of theCity(too humble for all caps, but surely not lower case) and look around for the great buys (they exist aplenty).For the research oriented: The indispensable tool isJack Shelton's Private Guide. This monthly newsletter, because it is monthly, is the only really reliable guide (Shelton's identity is unknown to the restauranteurs, he bases a judgment on no fewer than three visits, he knows food, his tastes generally agree with mine). I would behoove the Association to have a file of Shelton's newsletters available for those who wish to plan their day.
The Politics of American Political Scientists
Authors: Ladd Everett Carll , Lipset Seymour Martin 
Published: September 2013

At the heart of the debates which have resounded around political science these past few years are charges and countercharges as to the “politics” of the contenders. Terms likeconservative, liberalandradical areno longer reserved for analysis of positions in the larger society; they have become part of the regular vocabulary with which political scientists evaluate their colleagues. This increase in visible and self-conscious political dissensus extends, of course, throughout the university, but it has left a special mark on political science and the other social sciences where the issues and objects of political disagreement are so enmeshed with the regular subject matter of the discipline.In spite of all of the discussion, and the now seemingly general recognition that the politics of members of the profession has a lot to do with its development and contributions, we still don't have very much firm information on the distribution of political views among the approximately 6,000 faculty members regularly engaged in the teaching of political science in the United States. There have been a number of studies, of course, of party identification and voting behavior, showing political science to be one of the most Democratic fields in academe.
The NSF Law and Social Sciences Program
Authors: Wasby Stephen L. 
Published: September 2013

The National Science Foundation provides support for basic social science research on law and legal institutions through the Law and Social Sciences Program. The primary emphasis of the program is on research that will enhance understanding of the nature and sources of variation in legal rules and institutions and their consequences. Proposals directed to developing methodologies for the social scientific study of law are also considered. Proposals concerning criminal aspects of the law will be considered if they relate primarily to theoretical questions in the social scientific study of the law. However, the central focus of the Law and Social Sciences Program is on noncriminal aspects of the legal system.Those who anticipate submitting proposals might keep in mind the broad concerns that are central to the program:1. The capacity of law, through statutes, administrative regulations, and court decisions, to affect individual and organizational behavior, its limitations in regulating action, conditions which enhance or diminish the impact of law, and the processes by which that impact is achieved or diminished.2. The use of alternative methods, both formal (legal) and informal (extra-legal), for dealing with disputes, and factors that contribute to the selection of the alternatives used.3. Change in the legal system, its causes and the processes by which it occurs, with particular emphasis on factors affecting the use of law as an instrument of social control.
Relevant Data for Political Science in the 1970 Census
Authors: Goldfield Edwin D. 
Published: September 2013

If, prior to the 1968 election, anyone had any doubts that the population statistics from the 1970 census would be of value to political scientists, those doubts would have been dispelled by the intensive use of census data in a publication of the U. S. Senate Republican Policy Committee on “Where the Votes Are,” and by the following statements in its introduction:—Important laws may hinge on particular present or future population figures. Examples: Medicare, Mass Transit, Water Supply, School Classrooms, Food Production.—Population data and projections are of great importance in considering legislation for the good of the Nation, regardless of political affiliation.—Prosposed new legislation, or Government and political party policies, may depend upon—and with increasing frequency—the type and variety and number of America's population.—And, also, elections are won or lost by these votes.Although the 1970 census reflects major changes in the method of collecting the data in the field, of processing the data, and disseminating the statistics, the content of the questionnaire does not differ significantly from 1960. Virtually all of the key items included in the 1960 census have been retained in 1970; a few new inquiries have been added on a sample basis; several questions have been reworded; and there are some changes in sampling rates.
The National Capital Area Political Science Association 1981 Pi Sigma Alpha Award: The Public Side of Political Science
Authors: Kirkpatrick Evron M. 
Published: September 2013

I am delighted to be here and am greatly honored by your award. All the more honored because of my distinguished predecessors who have received it: Ernest Griffith, Francis Wilcox, Alan (Scotty) Campbell, and Donna Shalala. I always have believed that the knowledge we gain as scholars should provide a basis for others or for ourselves to play an active, effective and sound role in government and politics.This belief is exemplified in a statement that for years I have included in the printed program of our Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association:“There is the statesmanship of thought and there is the statesmanship of action … the man who has the time, the discrimination, and the sagacity to collect and comprehend the principal facts and the man who must act upon them must draw near to one another and feel that they are engaged in a common enterprise.”
America's Declining Industrial Competitiveness: Protectionism, the Marketplace and the State
Authors: Walters Robert S. 
Published: September 2013

A rising protectionist tide is threatening to undermine the domestic political foundation necessary to sustain America's liberal trade posture through the 1980s. U.S. trade officials and recent administrations remain committed to a liberal trade order, but severe crises in key economic sectors of the economy, regionally concentrated in the traditional industrial region of the country, are cutting the ground from beneath them internationally and domestically.At the recent GATT ministerial meeting in Geneva, for example, the United States pressed hard for expanding international trade liberalization in agriculture, services, and high technology industries—all areas of economic activity in which the United States enjoys a strong competitiye position and trade surpluses. American trade officials in Geneva had the burden of advancing their arguments for further trade liberalization against the backdrop of recent U.S. actions, taken in response to domestic pressures, which imposed import quotas on European steel and Japanese automobiles and which adopted a more restrictive trade regime for textiles and apparel in the renewal of the Multi-Fiber Agreement. While the GATT meeting was in progress, the U.S. Congress was considering a domestic content bill that would require auto-makers selling over 900,000 vehicles in the American market to use 90 percent U.S. labor and parts by 1985. U.S. trade representative William Brock III called this “the worst piece of economic legislation since the 1930s.” The House passed the bill with 215 votes, but it died in the Senate. The bill will certainly be re-introduced in the more protectionist 98th Congress.
Constituencies and Strategies
Authors: Hamilton Charles V. 
Published: September 2013

Whether it is the politics of the nomination process, the politics of the general election, or the politics of governance, it is safe to say that all candidates will firmly announce that they represent “all the people.” Each will pronounce profusely that he or she “owes no one or no special interest group.” And each will insist that he or she will pursue policies based on principles, not on pressures.So much for the rhetoric, and it is quite expected and understandable. Of course, it is acceptable to be against “big government” or “big business” or “special interests.” That, too, is expected. A serious (meaning, even slightly possible) contender for, and occupant of the White House will not long remain so if he or she bluntly announces otherwise, that is, that one's candidacy is largely reliant on farmers, or business, or unions, or minorities (racial or otherwise).The reality, however, is frequently somewhat different, and it is not necessarily a matter of political cynicism to say this. The nature of the three forms of the electoral/ governance system almost dictates that people who strive to governonesystem develop strategies to appeal toseveralconstituencies. Specifically, in order to be nominated one must court delegates. In order to be elected, one must count state electoral votes. In order to govern, one must construct still other kinds of coalitions. Always, at each step, the system mandates strategies that disaggregate the electorate into manageable blocs and available constituencies.
Business Involvement in Campaign Finance: Factors Influencing the Decision to Form a Corporate PAC
Authors: Andres Gary J. 
Published: September 2013

When Justin Dart, Chairman of Dart Industries, said in 1978, “talking with politicians is a fine thing, but with a little money they hear you better,” his colleagues apparently concurred. As Figure 1 indicates, subsequent to several congressional. Federal Election Commission and Supreme Court decisions which clarified some ambiguity concerning their legality, the surge in corporate PAC growth was extremely impressive. The advent of the growth in corporate PACs represented a fundamental shift in the way business money is funneled into electoral politics. Prior to the 1970s, business executives contributed to politicians in an unsystematic, ad hoc manner. Traditionally, corporate executives got together and bankrolled candidates of their choice with little pressure or need to disclose the recipients of their largess.Gone are those days when the so-called “corporate bag-men” would pass out envelopes filled with cash on the 17th green of some exclusive country club. Today, computerized records of congressmen's roll-call votes and lists of potential PAC contributors have replaced the nine iron as an effective corporate political tool.
Expert vs. Expert: Lessons from Badham v. Eu
Authors: Wuffle A. 
Published: September 2013

Professors Cain and Grofman were kind enough to suggest that I review the expert witness declarations inBadham v. Eu(D.C. California, 1984) in the light of my own previous research on expert witness testimony to identify frequently used modes of argumentation.The single most important observation I can make about the nature of the expert witness testimony inBadhamis to note its high quality. The experts inBadhamare addressing real issues. The differences among these experts rest on differing normative views and on disputes about difficult empirical and methodological questions. Moreover, the genuine expertise of these social scientists cannot be in dispute. Thus, the most common techniques used in disputations among experts: (1) impeaching an expert witness' motives (e.g., accusing him of being a “hired gun” or an “ideological partisan”); (2) downgrading his academic credentials or claims to subject matter expertise; and (3) finding instances where his testimony has been repudiated by the courts, are simply inapplicable. This has not left the experts inBadhamat a loss for words—but none of the disagreements among them are in the nature of ad hominem attacks.