bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la broue dans l’toupet ou Non, les parents boivent moins !
Authors: Paradis Catherine , Demers Andrée , Nadeau Louise , Picard Élyse 
Published: February 2013

Objectif : L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer si les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille modèrent l’association entre la parentalité et la consommation d’alcool parmi les adultes canadiens en emploi. Méthode : En s’appuyant sur le pendant canadien de l’étude GENACIS internationale (GENder Alcohol and Culture: an International Study), l’échantillon est composé de 3 403 femmes et 3 295 hommes en emploi, âgés de 18 à 55 ans et qui ont indiqué avoir consommé de l’alcool au moins une fois au cours des 12 mois précédant l’enquête. Des analyses de régression hiérarchique ont été effectuées afin de tester l’hypothèse de modération. Résultats : Les principales conclusions peuvent être résumées comme suit : i) le rôle parental est négativement associée à la consommation d’alcool ; ii) les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille ne sont pas associés à la consommation d’alcool chez les hommes et ils ne sont que marginalement associés à la consommation d’alcool chez les femmes ; iii) les stresseurs du conflit travail-famille ne modèrent pas l’association entre le rôle parental et la consommation d’alcool. Conclusion : Les futures recherches devraient porter sur les processus spécifiques selon lesquels la parentalité structure la consommation d’alcool. Il serait aussi pertinent de vérifier si l’effet du rôle parental sur la consommation d’alcool est plus marqué dans des contextes de consommation qui favorisent la consommation abusive d’alcool.
Children's role in the community response to HIV in Zimbabwe
Authors: Skovdal Morten , Magutshwa‐Zitha Sitholubuhle , Campbell Catherine , Nyamukapa Constance , Gregson Simon 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionRecent debates on how to achieve an optimal HIV response are dominated by intervention strategies that fail to recognize children's role in the community response to HIV. Whilst formal responses are key to the HIV response, they must recognize and build on indigenous community resources. This study examines adult's perspectives on the role of children in the HIV response in the Matobo District of southern Zimbabwe.MethodsThrough a mix of individual interviews (n=19) and focus group discussions (n=9), 90 community members who were active in social groups spoke about their community response to HIV. Transcripts were subjected to a thematic analysis and coding to generate key concepts and representations.FindingsIn the wake of the HIV epidemic, traditional views of children's social value as domestic “helpers” have evolved into them being regarded as capable and competent actors in the care and support of people living with HIV or AIDS, and as integral to household survival. Yet concurrent representations of children with excessive caregiving responsibilities as potentially vulnerable and at risk suggest that there is a limit to the role of children in the HIV response.ConclusionCommunity volunteers and health staff delivering HIV services need to recognize the “behind the scene” role of children in the HIV response and ensure that children are incorporated into their modus operandi – both as social actors and as individuals in need of support.
Money devaluation
Authors: Ratliff Melissa 
Published: February 2013

Abstract“Money” has a multitude of meanings, but here our discussion will be limited to coinage. In antiquity coins originally had intrinsic value – the earliest Greek and Roman coins had worth equivalent to the quantity of metal they contained. Over time they lost value as rulers reduced the amount (fineness and weight) of gold and silver in the precious metal coinage. This eventually led to a system where the coins' values were completely unrelated to their metal content, creating fiduciary coinage, requiring trust between the people and the issuing state.
Investigation of the Thermal Shock Behavior of Ceramic Using a Combination of Experimental Testing and FE‐Simulation Methods
Authors: Zhang Wei , Doynov Nikolay , Wolf Matthias , Dreibati Ossama , Ossenbrink Ralf , Michailov Vesselin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThermal shock behavior of ceramics plays a decisive role in their broad industrial applications. For enhanced understanding of damage and failure mechanism under thermal shock loading, in the present work, a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation methods has been used. The thermal shock behavior of the alumina (99.7%) disk samples has been investigated by using a plasma test stand: the bottom of the ceramic disks were locally heated in the center by plasma beam; during the heat treatment the temperature distribution at the top of the sample was recorded with a thermographic system. To characterize the thermal shock resistance, a thermomechanical simulation was subsequently carried out. It calculates the temperature and stress distribution within the ceramic disks. The calculated critical thermal tension stresses are reported, which led to the failure of the ceramic disks under thermal shock loading. The effect of the sample thickness on the temperature and stress distribution is presented. Compared with the experimental results the simulated results show excellent agreement. As conclusion, it is possible to determine the thermal shock behavior of ceramic materials by the combination of experimental testing and numerical simulation.
Simulation study on the liquid‐crystalline ordering and fluidity of energetic diblock copolymers based on poly[3,3‐bis(azidomethyl) oxetane]
Authors: Yang Zhou , Xin‐Ping Long , Qing‐Xuan Zeng 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe liquid‐crystalline ordering and fluidity of energetic diblock copolymers based on poly[3,3‐bis(azidomethyl) oxetane] (BAMO) and 3‐nitratomethyl‐3′‐methyloxetane (NMMO) were investigated by the dissipative particle dynamics method. The results show that these copolymers, with moderate BAMO block lengths (x's), experienced the disorder, nematic, and smectic phases with decreasing temperature. The nematic phase was suppressed when the rod length was too long or short. After the formation of the smectic phase, the fluidity had a sharp decline. The temperature forming the smectic phase was defined as the order–disorder transition temperature (TODT) and depended strongly on x. A simple scaling rule, TODT ≈ e−x, between TODT and x was constructed. The effect of the soft NMMO block fraction on the fluidity emerged before the formation of the smectic phase. These results can help researchers design and synthesize new energetic copolymers with an appropriate melting temperature range for use as binders of solid propellants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Improving weathering resistance of flame‐retarded polymers
Authors: Wilén Carl‐Eric , Pfaendner Rudolf 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMost flame‐retarded polymer products need to be highly durable throughout their service lifetime in many demanding applications areas such as construction, transportation, electric equipment, and textiles, where low flammability in combination with high resistance toward oxidative deterioration triggered by the action of light, heat, and/or mechanical stress is a mandatory quality. To achieve this, it is essential to better understand the overall interplay (both physical and chemical processes) between different components such as different flame retardant structures in their respective polymers and in the presence of coadditives such as processing stabilizers, antioxidants, light stabilizers, metal deactivators, filler deactivators, ultraviolet absorbers, and so on, in the flame‐retarded polymer product. In this article, the key difficulties in improving weathering resistance of flame‐retarded polymers are reviewed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Improved conductivity and thermal stability by the formation of a charge‐transfer complex in β‐nucleation‐agent‐nucleated and MWCNT‐filled iPP composites
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Hong , Zhang Lei , Li Xinpeng , Du Hainan , Zhang Jie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this study, the influence of β‐nucleation agent (β‐NA) on the morphology and properties of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filled isotactic polypropylene (iPP) composites was explored in details. The results show that the incorporation of β‐NA has promoted the dispersion of MWCNT in the iPP matrix, which is profitable for improving the thermal stability and conductivity properties of MWCNT‐iPP composites. Besides, the 0.05 wt % β‐NA nucleated samples exhibit higher impact toughness than that of un‐β‐NA‐nucleated ones. Further SEM observations show that the morphology of MWCNT changes from large agglomerations to small clusters with doping of β‐NA. The main reason is that the incorporation of β‐NA (TMB‐5) in MWCNT filled iPP matrix has led to the formation of a charge‐transfer complex. Some of these clusters act as nucleation sites for inducing crystallization of α spherulites, which have a compete growth with β‐NA induced β crystals. Meanwhile, other clusters exist in the inter‐lamella amorphous phase of β crystals, some of them even combine two adjacent β spherulites. Accordingly, a large conductive network comes into being. Based on the investigated results, a mechanism model is proposed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Clasaurertobelviadukt – Integrale Instandsetzung eines Mauerwerksviadukts
Authors: Jäger Thomas 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDer Clasaurertobelviadukt der Rhätischen Bahn liegt auf der Strecke Chur – Arosa und wurde im Jahr 1914 als Natursteinmauerwerksviadukt mit sechs Bogenöffnungen erstellt. Aufgrund andauernder Geländeverschiebungen wurde das Bauwerk seit der Inbetriebnahme stark beschädigt. Zur Sicherstellung der Betriebssicherheit war eine umfangreiche Instandsetzung unumgänglich.Mit dem umfangreichen Umbau des Brückentragwerks resultierte eine signifikante Änderung des Kraftflusses. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Problemstellung auf und behandelt anschließend die konzeptionellen Überlegungen bei der Entwicklung des Tragwerksmodells sowie ausgewählte Resultate der Tragwerksanalyse. Die komplexen Randbedingungen erforderten im Weiteren eine Abstimmung der einzelnen Bauphasen.Clasaurer Valley Bridge – Integral Structural Repair of a Masonry BridgeThe Clasauerer Valley Bridge of the Rhaetian Railway is located on the track Coire – Arosa. It was built as a masonry arch bridge with six openings in 1914. Due to significant ground movements, the structure suffered heavy damage. To ensure the operating safety an extensive overhaul was necessary.An extensive modification of the structure was executed, resulting in a significant change of the flow of forces. This paper presents the problems and treats conceptual considerations as well as the development of the structural model including a discussion of selected results, respectively. Furthermore, the complex boundary conditions required a detailed planning of the construction work.
Influence of outer membrane c‐type cytochromes on particle size and activity of extracellular nanoparticles produced by Shewanella oneidensis
Authors: Ng Chun Kiat , Sivakumar Krishnakumar , Liu Xin , Madhaiyan Munusamy , Ji Lianghui , Yang Liang , Tang Chuyang , Song Hao , Kjelleberg Staffan , Cao Bin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe metal‐reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis is capable of reducing various metal(loid)s and produces nanoparticles (NPs) extracellularly, in which outer membrane c‐type cytochromes (OMCs) have been suggested to play important roles. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of the OMCs, that is, MtrC and OmcA, on the size and activity of the extracellular silver NPs (AgNPs) and silver sulfide NPs (Ag2S NPs) produced by S. oneidensis MR‐1. We found that (i) the lack of OMCs on S. oneidensis cell surface decreased the particle size of the extracellular biogenic AgNPs and Ag2S NPs; (ii) the biogenic AgNPs from the mutant lacking OMCs showed higher antibacterial activity; and (iii) the biogenic Ag2S NPs from the mutant lacking OMCs exhibited higher catalytic activity in methylviologen reduction. The results suggest that it may be possible to control particle size and activity of the extracellular biogenic NPs via controlled expression of the genes encoding surface proteins. In addition, we also reveal that in extracellular biosynthesis of NPs the usually neglected non‐cell‐associated NPs could have high catalytic activity, highlighting the need of novel methods that can efficiently retain extracellular NPs in the biosynthesis processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1831–1837. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering of a bacterial tyrosinase for improved catalytic efficiency towards D‐tyrosine using random and site directed mutagenesis approaches
Authors: Molloy Susan , Nikodinovic‐Runic Jasmina , Martin Leona B. , Hartmann Hermann , Solano Francisco , Decker Heinz , O'Connor Kevin E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe tyrosinase gene from Ralstonia solanacearum (GenBank NP518458) was subjected to random mutagenesis resulting in tyrosinase variants (RVC10 and RV145) with up to 3.2‐fold improvement in kcat, 5.2‐fold lower Km and 16‐fold improvement in catalytic efficiency for D‐tyrosine. Based on RVC10 and RV145 mutated sequences, single mutation variants were generated with all variants showing increased kcat for D‐tyrosine compared to the wild type (WT). All single mutation variants based on RV145 had a higher kcat and Km value compared to the RV145 and thus the combination of four mutations in RV145 was antagonistic for turnover, but synergistic for affinity of the enzyme for D‐tyrosine. Single mutation variant 145_V153A exhibited the highest (6.9‐fold) improvement in kcat and a 2.4‐fold increase in Km compared to the WT. Two single mutation variants, C10_N322S and C10_T183I reduced the Km up to 2.6‐fold for D‐tyrosine but one variant 145_V153A increased the Km 2.4‐fold compared to the WT. Homology based modeling of R. solanacearum tyrosinase showed that mutation V153A disrupts the van der Waals interactions with an α‐helix providing one of the conserved histidine residues of the active site. The kcat and Km values for L‐tyrosine decreased for RV145 and RVC10 compared to the WT. RV145 exhibited a 2.1‐fold high catalytic efficiency compared to the WT which is a 7.6‐fold lower improvement compared to D‐tyrosine. RV145 exhibited a threefold higher monophenolase:diphenolase activity ratio for D‐tyrosine:D‐DOPA and a 1.4‐fold higher L‐tyrosine:L‐DOPA activity ratio compared to the WT. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1849–1857. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial on the effect of coffee on postoperative ileus following elective colectomy (Br J Surg 2012; 99: 1530–1538)
Authors: Griffiths S N , Bailey J , Kenefick N J 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Die Verfügbarkeit von Hochtechnologie‐Rohstoffen
Authors: Melcher Frank , Wilken Hildegard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie deutsche Industrie ist in hohem Maße von einer sicheren Rohstoffversorgung abhängig. Vierzehn mineralische Rohstoffe werden von der Europäischen Union als kritisch bewertet. Obwohl die Rohstoffsicherung primär als Aufgabe der Industrie anzusehen ist, geben die Bundesregierung und die EU wesentliche Impulse für eine nachhaltige und zukunftsorientierte Rohstoffstrategie. Teil dieser Strategie ist die Gründung der DERA als zentrale deutsche Beratungsstelle für die Wirtschaft.Die Reservensituation für die kritischen Rohstoffe ist in den allermeisten Fällen unbedenklich, und es gibt genügend Möglichkeiten, Rohstoffe aus bisher nicht genutzten Vorkommen zu gewinnen, zu substituieren oder zu recyceln. Es sind vielmehr Faktoren wie die technische Verfügbarkeit, geostrategische Risiken und Marktmacht, die bei allen diesen Metallen kritisch bewertet werden. Darauf müssen sich Firmen einstellen und reagieren. Ein wichtiger Punkt ist die Entwicklung der BRIC‐Staaten, allen voran Chinas; zum einen haben diese Länder durch den Aufbau ihrer Wirtschaften einen sehr hohen Rohstoffbedarf, zum anderen entwickeln sie zunehmend Technologien zur Rohstoffveredelung im eigenen Land. Dies verringert – vor allem in einem sehr rohstoffreichen Land mit niedrigem Lohnniveau wie China – die Kapazitäten der für den Export vorgesehenen Rohstoffe, was sich wiederum in höheren Preisen auswirkt. Der Bedarf an Rohstoffen, die nicht aus Ländern mit hohem Eigenbedarf oder Exportquoten kommen, steigt. Dies führt wiederum dazu, dass die Rohstoffversorgung auch auf Länder zugreift, in denen keine gesicherten Standards im Bergbau, Umweltmanagement, oder sozialer Sicherheit gelten oder in denen der Rohstoffabbau mit der Finanzierung von Konflikten einhergeht. Zukünftig werden Weltwirtschaft und Verbraucher für diese artisanal geförderten Rohstoffe die Umsetzung von Mindeststandards verlangen.
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Functionalised UiO‐66 Frameworks: Characterisation, Stability and CO2 Adsorption Properties
Authors: Biswas Shyam , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA general synthetic strategy has been developed, which can be used for the preparation of all the known as well as five new functionalised UiO‐66‐X compounds [X = H, F, F2, Cl, Cl2, Br, Br2, I, CH3, (CH3)2, CF3, (CF3)2, NO2, NH2, OH, (OH)2, OCH3, (CO2H)2, SO3H, C6H4]. Starting from a reaction mixture of ZrOCl2·8H2O, H2BDC‐X (BDC: 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate), formic acid and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) having a molar ratio of 1:1:100:104.44, all the UiO‐66‐X compounds, except UiO‐66‐CO2H, were obtained under solvothermal conditions (150 °C, 24 h). The phase purity of all the compounds was ascertained by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis, DRIFT spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Determination of lattice parameters from the XRPD patterns of the new thermally activated UiO‐66‐X {X = CF3 (1‐CF3), (CO2H)2 [2‐(CO2H)2], F2 (3‐F2), Cl2 (4‐Cl2), Br2 (5‐Br2)} compounds revealed their structural similarity with the unfunctionalised UiO‐66. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) indicate that the five new compounds are stable in the range 290–390 °C in air. Except for 3‐F2, the new compounds maintain their structural integrity in water, acetic acid and 1 M HCl, as verified by XRPD analysis of the samples recovered after suspending them in the respective liquids. As confirmed by N2 and CO2 sorption analyses, all of the new thermally activated compounds exhibit significant microporosity values (SLangmuir = 217–836 m2 g–1), which are lower than that of the parent UiO‐66. Comparative CO2 sorption studies reveal that the UiO‐66‐X compounds with X = NO2, NH2, OH, CH3 and (CH3)2 show enhanced CO2 uptake compared to that of the parent compound at 1 bar and 0 °C.
Enantioselective Reduction of 3‐Aryl‐2‐oxo‐propanoic Acids: A Comparison of Enzymatic and Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Methods
Authors: Lüttenberg Sebastian , Ta Tien Dat , von der Heyden Jan , Scherkenbeck Jürgen 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhenyllactic acids are important constituents of depsipeptides, which are a large class of natural products expressing a wide range of biological activities. Despite there being several methods for the enantioselective synthesis of α‐hydroxy acids, almost no studies are available addressing the substrate selectivity of transition‐metal and enzyme‐catalyzed methods for the preparation of substituted phenyllactic or more general aryllactic acids. We report herein comparative results for Rh‐DiPAMP (DiPAMP = 1,2‐ethandiylbis[(o‐methoxyphenyl)phenylphosphane]) and lactate dehydrogenase catalyzed enantioselective reductions of several 3‐aryl‐2‐oxopropanoic acids.
A General Synthesis of Bis‐α‐acyloxy‐1,4‐ and ‐1,5‐diketones Through Catalytic Oxidative Opening of Acylated THF and THP Diols
Authors: Piccialli Vincenzo , D'Errico Stefano , Borbone Nicola , Oliviero Giorgia , Centore Roberto , Zaccaria Sabrina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe first general synthesis of bis‐α‐acyloxy‐1,4‐ and ‐1,5‐diketones has been accomplished in a catalytic oxidative opening of bis‐acylated THF and THP (tetrahydropyran) diols, which were synthesised by osmium‐ or ruthenium‐catalysed oxidative cyclisation of 1,5‐ and 1,6‐dienes. The overall sequence corresponds to the regioselective double ketoacyloxylation of the starting diene. The synthesised bis‐α‐acyloxy‐1,5‐dicarbonyl compounds have been transformed into pyridine‐based oxido pincer ligands or pyrazinedimethanol substances, leading to the discovery of unprecedented aromatisation routes.
COMPARATIVE ACUTE AND CHRONIC SENSITIVITY OF FISH AND AMPHIBIANS: A CRITICAL REVIEW OF DATA
Authors: Weltje Lennart , Simpson Peter , Gross Melanie , Crane Mark , Wheeler James R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The relative sensitivity of amphibians to chemicals in the environment, including plant protection product active substances, is the subject of ongoing scientific debate. The objective of this study was to compare systematically the relative sensitivity of amphibians and fish to chemicals. Acute and chronic toxicity data were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) ECOTOX database and were supplemented with data from the scientific and regulatory literature. The overall outcome is that fish and amphibian toxicity data are highly correlated and that fish are more sensitive (both acute and chronic) than amphibians. In terms of acute sensitivity, amphibians were between 10- and 100-fold more sensitive than fish for only four of 55 chemicals and more than 100-fold more sensitive for only two chemicals. However, a detailed inspection of these cases showed a similar acute sensitivity of fish and amphibians. Chronic toxicity data for fish were available for 52 chemicals. Amphibians were between 10- and 100-fold more sensitive than fish for only two substances (carbaryl and dexamethasone) and greater than 100-fold more sensitive for only a single chemical (sodium perchlorate). The comparison for carbaryl was subsequently determined to be unreliable and that for sodium perchlorate is a potential artifact of the exposure medium. Only a substance such as dexamethasone, which interferes with a specific aspect of amphibian metamorphosis, might not be detected using fish tests. However, several other compounds known to influence amphibian metamorphosis were included in the analysis, and these did not affect amphibians disproportionately. These analyses suggest that additional amphibian testing is not necessary during chemical risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:984–994. © 2013 SETAC