bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer in Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers
Authors: Hillmann Jörg , Walzel Peter 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn den Wänden geschabte Apparate werden großtechnisch häufig als Wärmetauscher für Systeme mit Feststoffbildungen oder hohen Viskositäten eingesetzt. Bei geringen Länge/Durchmesser‐Verhältnissen hat dabei die Rückvermischung einen maßgeblichen Einfluss auf den prozessseitigen Wärmetransport. In dieser Arbeit zeigt sich, dass bei laminarem Durchfluss eines Rührbehälters mit wandschabenden Einbauten der Wärmetransport durch Erhöhung der Drehzahl reduziert wird. In dem vergleichsweise kurzen Apparat kann dieses Verhalten auf die Abhängigkeit des Wärmetransports vom Strömungsprofil zurückgeführt werden.
Photochemical Behavior of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in the Presence of Propylamine
Authors: Maeda Yutaka , Hasuike Yuhei , Ohkubo Kei , Tashiro Atsushi , Kaneko Shinya , Kikuta Masayuki , Yamada Michio , Hasegawa Tadashi , Akasaka Takeshi , Zhou Jing , Lu Jing , Nagase Shigeru , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis report describes the photochemical behavior of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in the presence of propylamine. The SWNTs are characterized by absorption and Raman spectroscopy. The spectral changes due to photoirradiation indicate that reactions occur predominantly with the metallic SWNTs and small‐diameter SWNTs. The detection of amine radicalcation species by ESR spectroscopy reveals photoinduced electron transfer from the amine to the excited SWNTs. After exposure of the photoirradiated SWNTs to air, the characteristic spectra were recovered, except for that of the small‐diameter SWNTs. The results suggest that, after photoreduction of the SWNTs, subsequent selective sidewall functionalization of the small‐diameter SWNTs occurs.
Reducing Mass‐Transport Limitations in Cobalt‐Electrolyte‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by Photoanode Modification
Authors: Trang Pham Thi Thu , Koh Teck Ming , Nonomura Kazuteru , Lam Yeng Ming , Mathews Nripan , Mhaisalkar Subodh 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMass transport has been identified as a limiting problem in the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells based on electrolytes consisting of ionic liquids or cobalt complexes. A mixed TiO2 macroporous–mesoporous morphology employed as photoanode is demonstrated to assist the diffusion of electrolytes with higher viscosity or consisting of bulky redox mediators, such as cobalt di‐tert‐butyl bipyridine [Co(dtb)3]2+/3+. This morphology with large pores improves the non‐linearity of photocurrent response to light intensity indicating better diffusion. The incorporated sub‐micrometer pores also reduce recombination and decrease diffusion resistance, as revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Enhanced Conversion of Carbohydrates to the Platform Chemical 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Designer Ionic Liquids
Authors: Siankevich Sviatlana , Fei Zhaofu , Scopelliti Rosario , Laurenczy Gabor , Katsyuba Sergey , Yan Ning , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a key platform chemical that may be obtained from various cellulosic (biomass) derivatives. Previously, it has been shown that ionic liquids (ILs) facilitate the catalytic conversion of glucose into HMF. Herein, we demonstrate that the careful design of the IL cation leads to new ionic solvents that enhance the transformation of glucose and more complex carbohydrates into HMF significantly. In Situ NMR spectroscopy and computational modeling pinpoint the key interactions between the IL, catalyst, and substrate that account for the enhanced reactivities observed.
Expression pattern of an evolutionarily conserved splice variant in the rat Tacc2 gene
Authors: Padhi Bhaja K. , Zigler J. Samuel , Padhi Piyush , Hose Stacey , Sinha Debasish 
Published: April 2014

SummaryThe transforming acidic coiled‐coil containing protein 2 (Tacc2) gene and its paralogs, Tacc1 and Tacc3 encode proteins that are associated with the centrosome and involved in microtubule assembly during the cell cycle. Tacc2 produces several splice variants, which are poorly characterized, especially in the rat. Characterization of the temporal/spatial expression patterns of these isoforms would be useful in understanding their distinct and overlapping functions. By comparative sequence analyses of Tacc2 in multiple species, we identified a third splice variant in rat, which is much shorter in size (1,021 aa) than the longest isoform (2,834 aa). This newly identified Tacc2 splice variant (isoform 3) uses a distinct first exon and generates a different open reading frame. Although Isoform 3 is expressed predominantly during developmental stages, the long Tacc2 isoform (isoform 1) is distributed mainly in adult tissues. Multiple protein sequence analyses revealed that Tacc2 Isoform 3 could be the ancient form, as it is conserved in mammals, birds, and amphibians; whereas the long Tacc2 isoforms may have evolved in the mammalian lineage by adding exons toward the 5′ region of the ancient isoform. genesis 52:378–386, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Centralspindlin is required for thorax development during Drosophila metamorphosis
Authors: Sfregola Michael 
Published: April 2014

SummaryEpithelial morphogenesis is an essential process in all metazoans during both normal development and pathological processes such as wound healing. The coordinated regulation of cell shape, cell size, and cell adhesion during the migration of epithelial sheets ultimately gives rise to the diversity of body plans among different organisms as well as the diversity of cellular structures and tissues within an organism. Metamorphosis of the Drosophila pupa is an excellent system to study these transformative events. During pupal development, the cells of the wing imaginal discs migrate dorsally and fuse to form the adult thorax. Here I show centralspindlin, a protein complex well known for its role in cytokinesis, is essential for migration of wing disc cells and proper thorax closure. I show the subcellular localization of centralspindlin is important for its function in thorax development. This study demonstrates the emerging role of centralspindlin in regulating cell migration and cell adhesion in addition to its previously known function during cytokinesis. genesis 52:387–398, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of sex ratio and female unmatedness under haplodiploidy
Authors: Gardner Andy 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHaplodiploid sex determination allows unmated females to produce sons. Consequently, a scarcity of males may lead to a significant proportion of females remaining unmated, which may in turn give rise to a surfeit of males in the following generation. Stable oscillation of the sex ratio has been predicted by classic models, and it remains a puzzle as to why this is not observed in natural populations. Here, I investigate the dynamics of sex allocation over ecological and evolutionary timescales to assess the potential for sustained oscillation. I find that, whilst stable oscillation of the sex ratio is possible, the scope for such dynamical behavior is reduced if sex allocation strategies are evolutionary labile, especially if mated females may facultatively adjust their sex allocation according to the present availability of mating partners. My model, taken together with empirical estimates of female unmatedness in haplodiploid taxa, suggests that sustained oscillation of the sex ratio is implausible in natural populations. However, this phenomenon may be relevant to artificially introduced biological control agents.
Evaluation of a rice bran oil‐derived spread as a functional ingredient
Authors: Bakota Erica L. , Winkler‐Moser Jill K. , Liu Sean X. 
Published: April 2014

As consumers continue to become more interested in the health properties of the food ingredients they purchase, the market potential for new functional ingredients, such as structured lipids and spreadable products, continues to grow. Recently we reported a solvent fractionation procedure for the production of a spreadable product derived from rice bran oil. This material is enriched in phytosterols and rice bran wax relative to crude rice bran oil and has rheological properties that differ vastly from the constituent oil. Here we evaluate the suitability of such a spread for use as a functional ingredient. Two potential avenues are explored: the use of the material as an antioxidant source in frying oils, and the use of this material as a fat replacer in baked goods. As an additive, the material was shown to impart oxidative stability to the oil. This spread was also successfully incorporated into two baked goods with consistently high acceptability ratings for both baked goods tested.Practical applications: We have created a novel semisolid material from crude rice bran oil that can serve as a functional ingredient in a variety of capacities. In this work we incorporate the material into edible oils and baked goods to evaluate its suitability for continued development as an ingredient. In a frying oil, this material may extend the life of the oil by protecting the oil from oxidation during heating. We also show through sensory studies that this material can be successfully used in a bread or granola as a substitute for a portion of the butter or margarine. The high stability and positive sensory reception of this ingredient suggest that this spread might be suitable for further development into a functional food that is allergen‐free, trans‐fat free, and high in antioxidants.
Epigenetic alterations in metastatic cutaneous carcinoma
Authors: Darr Owen A. , Colacino Justin A. , Tang Alice L. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Bellile Emily L. , Bradford Carol R. , Prince Mark P. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Rozek Laura S. , Moyer Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are the 2 most common cutaneous carcinomas. Molecular profiles predicting metastasis of these cancers have not been identified.MethodsEpigenetic profiles of 37 primary cases of cutaneous SCC and BCC were quantified via the Illumina Goldengate Cancer Panel. Differential protein expression by metastatic potential was analyzed in 110 total cases by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.ResultsUnsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that metastatic BCCs had a methylation profile resembling cutaneous SCCs. Metastatic cutaneous SCCs were found to be hypermethylated at FRZB (median methylation: 46.7% vs 4.7%; p = 4 × 10−5). Metastatic BCCs were found to be hypomethylated at MYCL2 (median methylation: 3.8% vs 83.4%; p = 1.9 × 10−6). Immunohistochemical staining revealed few differences between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancers.ConclusionMetastatic primary BCCs and cutaneous SCCs had distinct epigenetic profiles when compared to their nonmetastatic counterparts. Epigenetic profiling may prove useful in future diagnosis and prevention of advanced nonmelanoma skin cancers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 994–1001, 2015
Performance characteristics of a new electronic snow water equivalent sensor in different climates
Authors: Johnson Jerome B. , Gelvin Arthur B. , Duvoy Paul , Schaefer Garry L. , Poole Garry , Horton Glenn D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe US Army ERDC CRREL and the US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service developed a square electronic snow water equivalent (e‐SWE) sensor as an alternative to using fluid‐filled snow pillows to measure SWE. The sensors consist of a centre panel to measure SWE and eight outer panels to buffer edge stress concentrations. Seven 3 m square e‐SWE sensors were installed in five different climate zones. During the 2011–2012 winter, 1.8 and 1.2 m square e‐SWE sensors were installed and operated in Oregon. With the exception of New York State and Newfoundland, the e‐SWE sensors accurately measured SWE, with R2 values between the sensor and manual SWE measurements of between 0.86 and 0.98. The e‐SWE sensor at Hogg Pass, Oregon, accurately measured SWE during the past 8 years of operations. In the thin, icy snow of New York during midwinter 2008–2009, the e‐SWE sensors overmeasured SWE because of edge stress concentrations associated with strong icy layers and a shallow snow cover. The New York e‐SWE sensors' measurement accuracy improved in spring 2009 and further improved during the 2011–2012 winter with operating experience. At Santiam Junction, measured SWE from the 1.8 and 1.2 m square e‐SWE sensors agreed well with the snow pillow, 3 m square e‐SWE sensor, and manual SWE measurements until February 2013, when dust and gravel blew onto the testing area resulting in anomalous measurements. © 2014 The Authors. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Minority College Student Mental Health: Does Majority Status Matter? Implications for College Counseling Services
Authors: Smith Kellie M. , Chesin Megan S. , Jeglic Elizabeth L. 
Published: April 2014

This study compared mental health among diverse college students to understand whether majority status buffered hypothesized relationships between poor mental health outcomes and minority status. Contrary to expectations, students at the majority‐minority college (i.e., the college in which the majority of students were ethnic minorities), regardless of race or ethnicity, reported poorer mental health than their White peers at the predominantly White college. Internalizing symptoms were associated with minority race or ethnicity. These findings may inform the adaptation of college mental health services for diverse student bodies.Este estudio comparó la salud mental de diversos estudiantes universitarios para comprender si el estatus de mayoría amortigua las hipotéticas relaciones entre el estatus de minoría y pobres resultados en salud mental. Contrariamente a lo que se esperaba, los estudiantes en universidades con mayoría minoritaria (es decir, universidades en las que la mayoría de estudiantes pertenece a minorías étnicas) reportaron peor salud mental, sin importar su raza o etnicidad, que sus compañeros blancos en universidades predominantemente blancas. Se asociaron síntomas de interiorización con raza o etnicidad minoritaria. Estos resultados pueden proporcionar información para la adaptación de los servicios de salud mental en campus para distintos grupos de estudiantes universitarios.
Social Support and Acculturation in Chinese International Students
Authors: Bertram David M. , Poulakis Mixalis , Elsasser Betsy Shaw , Kumar Ekta 
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the effects of social support on acculturation and acculturative stress in Chinese international students. A consensual qualitative research method analysis was performed on data gathered from semistructured interviews with 8 Chinese international students. Results indicated that the students experienced differences between their pre‐ and postsojourn perceptions of the United States, encountered various forms of acculturative stress, and sought support from multiple sources. Study implications, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.Este estudio investigó los efectos del apoyo social sobre la aculturación y el estrés aculturativo en estudiantes internacionales chinos. Se realizó un análisis consensuado de investigación cualitativa sobre datos recopilados de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 8 estudiantes internacionales chinos. Los resultados indicaron que los estudiantes experimentaron diferencias entre sus percepciones de los Estados Unidos anteriores y posteriores a su estancia, se encontraron con varias formas de estrés aculturativo y buscaron apoyo en múltiples fuentes. Se discuten las implicaciones, limitaciones y direcciones para investigaciones futuras.
Characteristics of iron‐loaded TiO2‐supported montmorillonite catalysts: β‐Naphthol degradation under UV‐A irradiation
Authors: Ökte A. Neren , Tuncel Duygu , Pekcan A.Hazal , Özden Taner 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, a ternary system was synthesized by Fe loading on TiO2‐supported montmorillonite catalysts (Fe‐TiO2‐MMT) and characterized by various means. The catalytic activities of the supported catalysts were examined in the presence of β‐Naphthol molecule under UV‐A irradiation.RESULTSThe in situ growth of TiO2 nanoparticles and Fe species on the MMT surface varied the morphology of the raw clay. The supported catalysts exhibited higher surface areas, pore volumes and extended absorption profiles through longer wavelengths. The mesoporous structures of the supported catalysts improved their dark adsorption capacities and degradation abilities. The mixed valence existence of Fe enhanced the electron transfer reactions in the catalytic runs. Kinetics was controlled by following a Langmuir–Hinshelwood model.CONCLUSIONThe repeatability of the photocatalytic reactions provides an important practical advantage in the use of as‐prepared supported catalysts. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Research perspectives: The 2013 AAOS/ORS research symposium on Bone Quality and Fracture Prevention
Authors: Donnelly Eve , Lane Joseph M. , Boskey Adele L. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTBone fracture resistance is determined by the amount of bone present (“bone quantity”) and by a number of other geometric and material factors grouped under the term “bone quality.” In May 2013, a workshop was convened among a group of clinicians and basic science investigators to review the current state of the art in Bone Quality and Fracture Prevention and to make recommendations for future directions for research. The AAOS/ORS/OREF workshop was attended by 64 participants, including two representatives of the National Institutes of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and 13 new investigators whose posters stimulated additional interest. A key outcome of the workshop was a set of recommendations regarding clinically relevant aspects of both bone quality and quantity that clinicians can use to inform decisions about patient care and management. The common theme of these recommendations was the need for more education of clinicians in areas of bone quality and for basic science studies to address specific topics of pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of altered bone quality. In this report, the organizers with the assistance of the speakers and other attendees highlight the major findings of the meeting that justify the recommendations and needs for this field. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:855–864, 2014.
Impact of nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE packaging on quality of fresh‐cut sugarcane
Authors: Luo Zisheng , Wang Yansheng , Wang Haohui , Feng Simin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to evaluate the effects of nano‐CaCO3‐based low density polyethylene (nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE) packaging on the quality of fresh‐cut sugarcane, concentrations of O2 and CO2 within the packages, overall visual quality (OVQ), total bacterial count (TBC), yeast and mould count (YMC), reducing sugar content and total phenolic content, respiration, ethylene production, and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI) were examined during storage at 10 °C for 5 days.RESULTSThe transmission rate of O2 and CO2 of the nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE material was lower than that of LDPE, which lead to the more rapid formation of gas environment with low O2 and high CO2 concentration in the package. TBC and YMC counts of fresh‐cut sugarcane were significantly retarded by nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE packaging. Nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE packaging fresh‐cut sugarcane exhibited significantly lower activities of PAL, PPO, POD AI and NI than LDPE packaging fresh‐cut sugarcanes during the storage. Meanwhile, nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE packaging significantly inhibited the increase of browning index and total phenolic content, while improving OVQ.CONCLUSIONOur results indicated that nano‐CaCO3‐LDPE packaging together with the cold storage is a promising approach in inhibiting browning and maintaining quality of fresh‐cut sugarcane. [[ArtCopyrightmsg]]
Impact of overexpression of Sushi repeat‐containing protein X‐linked 2 gene on outcomes of gastric cancer
Authors: Yamada Takanobu , Oshima Takashi , Yoshihara Kazue , Sato Tsutomu , Nozaki Akito , Shiozawa Manabu , Ota Mitsuyoshi , Yoshikawa Takaki , Akaike Makoto , Numata Kazushi , Rino Yasushi , Kunisaki Chikara , Tanaka Katsuaki , Imada Toshio , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSushi repeat‐containing protein X‐linked 2 (SRPX2) was first described as a downstream target gene for E2A‐HLA, which causes pro‐B acute leukemia. SRPX2 is considered to promote cellular migration and adhesion in cancers. Our objective was to evaluate the relative expression of the SRPX2 gene and to determine whether such expression correlates with outcomes in patients with gastric cancer.MethodsSurgical specimens of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa obtained from 227 patients with previously untreated gastric cancer were examined. SRPX2 mRNA expression levels of cancer tissue and adjacent normal mucosa were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. We evaluated the clinicopathological significance of the relative expression of SRPX2 in patients with gastric cancer.ResultsSRPX2 expression was higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.001). On analysis of the relations between gene expression and clinicopathological factors, SRPX2 expression correlated with tumor size and distant metastasis. Overall survival was significantly lower in patients whose tumors had high SRPX2 expression than in those who had low SRPX2 expression (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that high SRPX2 expression was an independent predictor of survival (HR = 2.028, 95% CI = 1.265–3.251).ConclusionsSRPX2 expression was significantly higher in gastric cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa, and overexpression of the SRPX2 gene is considered a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 109:836–840. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Direct laser writing of symmetry‐broken spiral tapers for polarization‐insensitive three‐dimensional plasmonic focusing
Authors: Li Jiafang , Mu Jiajia , Wang Benli , Ding Wei , Liu Ju , Guo Honglian , Li Wuxia , Gu Changzhi , Li Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPlasmonic focusing with metallic probes has attracted extensive studies due to its successful applications in advanced technologies such as near‐field scanning optical microscopy and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Here the fabrication and characterization of a unique spiral metallic taper with polarization‐insensitive three‐dimensional (3D) plasmonic focusing properties are reported. Metallic probes with spiral corrugations are readily fabricated along the surfaces of the conical structures with a 3D direct laser writing method followed by a metal deposition process. With the broken structural symmetry induced by the spiral corrugations, plasmonic focusing is demonstrated under excitation of linearly polarized light with different polarization directions. Moreover, apertures with various sizes can be flexibly introduced at the apex of the conical probe structures with direct fabrication, which enables the observation of scattered light from waveguide modes, cutoff of waveguide modes and scattering from surfaces plasmons, respectively. The studies provide a novel methodology of design, realization, and application of 3D plasmonic focusing structures.