bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthesia with Disuse Leads to Autophagy Up-regulation in the Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Kashiwagi Aki , Hosokawa Sachiko , Maeyama Yoshihiro , Ueki Ryusuke , Kaneki Masao , Martyn J. A. Jeevendra , Yasuhara Shingo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAbstract
Using Western blotting and histology in mice, it was found that short-term disuse without anesthesia did not lead to autophagy, but anesthesia with disuse leads to marked up-regulation of autophagy.

Background:
It has been known that skeletal muscles show atrophic changes after prolonged sedation or general anesthesia. Whether these effects are due to anesthesia itself or disuse during anesthesia has not been fully clarified. Autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in muscle-wasting conditions. This study tested the hypothesis that the magnitude of skeletal muscle autophagy is affected by both anesthesia and immobility.

Methods:
The extent of autophagy was analyzed chronologically during general anesthesia. In vivo microscopy was performed using green fluorescent protein–tagged LC3 for the detection of autophagy using sternomastoid muscles of live mice during pentobarbital anesthesia (n = 6 and 7). Western blotting and histological analyses were also conducted on tibialis anterior muscles (n = 3 to 5). To distinguish the effect of anesthesia from that due to disuse, autophagy was compared between animals anesthetized with pentobarbital and those immobilized by short-term denervation without continuation of anesthesia. Conversely, tibialis anterior and sternomastoid muscles were electrically stimulated during anesthesia.

Results:
Western blots and microscopy showed time-dependent autophagy up-regulation during pentobarbital anesthesia, peaking at 3 h (728.6 ± 93.5% of basal level, mean ± SE). Disuse by denervation without sustaining anesthesia did not lead to equivalent autophagy, suggesting that anesthesia is essential to cause autophagy. In contrast, contractile stimulation of the tibialis anterior and sternomastoid muscles significantly reduced the autophagy up-regulation during anesthesia (85% at 300 min). Ketamine, ketamine plus xylazine, isoflurane, and propofol also up-regulated autophagy.

Conclusions:
Short-term disuse without anesthesia does not lead to autophagy, but anesthesia with disuse leads to marked up-regulation of autophagy.
Predictors and Patterns of Local, Regional, and Distant Failure in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Cromi Antonella , Serati Maurizio , Uccella Stefano , Donato Violante Di , Casarin Jvan , Naro Edoardo Di , Ghezzi Fabio 
Published: December 2014

Objective:
To identify factors predicting for recurrence in vulvar cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment.

Methods:
We retrospectively evaluated data of consecutive patients with squamous cell vulvar cancer treated between January 1, 1990 and December 31, 2013. Basic descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis were used to design predicting models influencing outcomes. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed using the Cox model.

Results:
The study included 101 patients affected by vulvar cancer: 64 (63%) stage I, 12 (12%) stage II, 20 (20%) stage III, and 5 (5%) stage IV. After a mean (SD) follow-up of 37.6 (22.1) months, 21 (21%) recurrences occurred. Local, regional, and distant failures were recorded in 14 (14%), 6 (6%), and 3 (3%) patients, respectively. Five-year DFS and OS were 77% and 82%, respectively. At multivariate analysis only stromal invasion >2 mm (hazard ratio: 4.9 [95% confidence interval, 1.17-21.1]; P=0.04) and extracapsular lymph node involvement (hazard ratio: 9.0 (95% confidence interval, 1.17-69.5); P=0.03) correlated with worse DFS, although no factor independently correlated with OS. Looking at factors influencing local and regional failure, we observed that stromal invasion >2 mm was the only factor predicting for local recurrence, whereas lymph node extracapsular involvement predicted for regional recurrence.

Conclusions:
Stromal invasion >2 mm and lymph node extracapsular spread are the most important factors predicting for local and regional failure, respectively. Studies evaluating the effectiveness of adjuvant treatment in high-risk patients are warranted.
Locally Advanced Malignant Myoepithelioma of the Parotid Gland Treated With Radiotherapy
Authors: Caon Julianna , Alexander Cheryl , Kader Hosam A. 
Published: December 2014

Objectives:
Malignant myoepithelioma of salivary glands is a rare neoplasm; most arise in the parotid gland and minor salivary glands of the palate. Surgery has been the mainstay of treatment.

Methods:
This is case report of a patient treated with primary radical radiotherapy and retrospective review of institutional experience.

Results:
An 87-year-old man with locoregionally advanced malignant myoepithelioma of the parotid gland received radiotherapy alone with complete clinical response and sustained 39 months of posttreatment. Between 1981 and 2012, 15 cases of malignant myoepithelioma of the parotid were seen. Thirteen patients received surgical excision and adjuvant radiotherapy. At a median follow-up of 47 months, 12 patients were alive without recurrence, 2 died without recurrence, and 1 died with metastatic myoepithelioma.

Conclusions:
Durable locoregional disease control and disease-free-survival was achieved in the majority of patients. The case reported suggests radiation therapy may be an effective treatment option for inoperable cases.
Regulation of Specialized Metabolism by WRKY Transcription Factors
Authors: Schluttenhofer Craig , Yuan Ling 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
WRKY transcription factors (TFs) are well known for regulating plant abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. However, much less is known about how WRKY TFs affect plant-specialized metabolism. Analysis of WRKY TFs regulating the production of specialized metabolites emphasizes the values of the family outside of traditionally accepted roles in stress tolerance. WRKYs with conserved roles across plant species seem to be essential in regulating specialized metabolism. Overall, the WRKY family plays an essential role in regulating the biosynthesis of important pharmaceutical, aromatherapy, biofuel, and industrial components, warranting considerable attention in the forthcoming years.
Establishment of hepatitis E virus infection‐permissive and ‐non‐permissive human hepatoma PLC/PRF/5 subclones
Authors: Shiota Tomoyuki , Li Tian‐Cheng , Yoshizaki Sayaka , Kato Takanobu , Wakita Takaji , Ishii Koji 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPLC/PRF/5 cells show limited permissiveness, meaning that almost all subclones are permissive; however, some subclones do not exhibit permissiveness for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection. In this study, the single‐cell cloning of PLC/PRF/5 was performed and heterogeneous subclones characterized. Notably, the efficiency of intracellular virus replication did not correlate with the permissiveness for HEV infection. However, as well as binding permissive subclones, virus‐like particles bound non‐permissive subclones on various levels, suggesting that these subclones have some deficiencies in the attachment and entry steps of infection. Our data would be useful for investigating the HEV life cycle.
Granzyme B mediates both direct and indirect cleavage of extracellular matrix in skin after chronic low‐dose ultraviolet light irradiation
Authors: Parkinson Leigh G. , Toro Ana , Zhao Hongyan , Brown Keddie , Tebbutt Scott J. , Granville David J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryExtracellular matrix (ECM) degradation is a hallmark of many chronic inflammatory diseases that can lead to a loss of function, aging, and disease progression. Ultraviolet light (UV) irradiation from the sun is widely considered as the major cause of visible human skin aging, causing increased inflammation and enhanced ECM degradation. Granzyme B (GzmB), a serine protease that is expressed by a variety of cells, accumulates in the extracellular milieu during chronic inflammation and cleaves a number of ECM proteins. We hypothesized that GzmB contributes to ECM degradation in the skin after UV irradiation through both direct cleavage of ECM proteins and indirectly through the induction of other proteinases. Wild‐type and GzmB‐knockout mice were repeatedly exposed to minimal erythemal doses of solar‐simulated UV irradiation for 20 weeks. GzmB expression was significantly increased in wild‐type treated skin compared to nonirradiated controls, colocalizing to keratinocytes and to an increased mast cell population. GzmB deficiency significantly protected against the formation of wrinkles and the loss of dermal collagen density, which was related to the cleavage of decorin, an abundant proteoglycan involved in collagen fibrillogenesis and integrity. GzmB also cleaved fibronectin, and GzmB‐mediated fibronectin fragments increased the expression of collagen‐degrading matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) in fibroblasts. Collectively, these findings indicate a significant role for GzmB in ECM degradation that may have implications in many age‐related chronic inflammatory diseases.
Exploring a public–private partnership new‐graduate physiotherapy recruitment program: a qualitative study
Authors: Schmidt David , Dmytryk Neil 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveDifficulty in attracting allied health staff to rural areas is well known. In 2012, a small rural health facility and local private practice created an informal public–private partnership to recruit two new‐graduate physiotherapists. Graduates were employed part‐time in both the public and private sectors.DesignThis qualitative case study employed an appreciative enquiry framework to explore this partnership model. Three focus groups were held, and a combination of content and thematic analysis was used to derive and organise themes arising from the data.SettingA regional public health service and private physiotherapy practice in the Bega Valley region of south‐eastern New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsNew‐graduate and second‐year physiotherapists (n = 5), private sector managers (n = 3), and public sector managers (n = 4).Main outcome measuresPerceived benefits of the partnership model and improvements that could be made to further develop the model.ResultsOrganisational benefits of a shared public–private role included the ability to attract high‐quality applicants to difficult‐to‐fill positions, reduced the risk of new‐graduate attrition due to social isolation, enhanced networking between sectors, and enhanced staff skill development through a broad range of clinical and non‐clinical experiences. The model relied on management flexibility and has potential to expand to other areas and professions. Dedicated funding support, targeted recruitment strategies and increased planning to ease the transition into the workplace would further enhance the model.ConclusionsAn informal public–private partnership to overcome established workforce shortages has proven successful to the benefit of the new graduates and both the public and private sectors.
Knowledge, skills and attitudes of rural and remote psychologists
Authors: Sutherland Carly Rose , Chur‐Hansen Anna 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a list of knowledge, skills and attitudes (KSAs, components of competencies) considered required or desirable by rural and remote psychologists for rural and remote psychology practice.DesignSemi‐structured qualitative telephone interviews. Data were analysed thematically.SettingRural and remote regions of South Australia.ParticipantsNine registered psychologists living and working in rural and remote South Australia (as defined by ARIA++ classification categories excluding Highly Accessible communities). All participants were women.ResultsSeven competencies were identified, relating to two broad themes: ‘Professional Isolation’ (competencies arising from being the sole psychologist or one of few in the community); and ‘rural life’ (competencies relating to the need to manage features of the rural context). The seven competencies (managing professional development, supervision, the lack of other services, dual relationships, visibility, confidentiality and appreciation of the rural context) encompassed a number of corresponding and overlapping KSAs. Personality characteristics, including autonomy, resilience and confidence were also identified as important for working in rural areas.ConclusionsCompetencies and KSAs identified were consistent with issues identified in previous research for rural and remote psychologists and other health professionals. The present study contributes by providing a comprehensive checklist of KSAs for rural practice identified by rural psychologists. With further development, the competencies outlined could be used in conjunction with rural placements as part of competency‐based training.
Retinoic acids change gene expression profiles of bovine intramuscular adipocyte differentiation, based on microarray analysis
Authors: Taniguchi Daiki , Mizoguchi Yasushi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBeef marbling is caused by intramuscular deposition and it is an economically important trait in the beef industry. Vitamin A (VA) is an important feed supplement for cattle, but it can hinder marbling if provided in excess. In cattle, VA forms various derivatives such as all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9‐cis retinoic acid (9cRA). Therefore, we investigated the genes involved in bovine intramuscular adipogenesis after VA treatment with ATRA and 9cRA. Differential gene expression levels were validated by microarray analysis in a clonal bovine intramuscular preadipocyte (BIP) cell line derived from the intramuscular adipose tissue of Japanese Black cattle. BIP cells were harvested 6 days after adipogenic stimulation with either 1 μmol/L ATRA, 1 μmol/L 9cRA or non‐retinoic acid control. The ATRA‐ and 9cRA‐treated cells exhibited reduced transcription of genes involved in the circulatory system and muscle development compared with the no retinoic acid (RA) treatment. In addition, the ATRA‐ and 9cRA‐treated cells exhibited increased transcription of genes involved in the immune system, protein kinase B signaling and responses to various stimuli. These results demonstrate the lower expression of muscle development in ATRA‐ and 9cRA‐treated BIP cells during adipogenesis.
Effect of applying lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage on the Tibetan plateau
Authors: Zhang Jie , Guo Gang , Chen Lei , Li Junfeng , Yuan Xianjun , Yu Chengqun , Shimojo Masataka , Shao Tao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate effects of lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage by using a small‐scale fermentation system on the Tibetan plateau. (i) An inoculant (Lactobacillus plantarum) (L) or (ii) propionic acid (P) or (iii) inoculant + propionic acid (PL) were used as additives. After fermenting for 60 days, silos were opened and the aerobic stability was tested for the following 15 days. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH and NH3‐N, and high lactic acid content and V‐scores. L and PL silages showed higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid and crude protein content than the control silage. P silage inhibited lactic acid production. Under aerobic conditions, L silage had similar yeast counts as the control silage (> 105 cfu/g fresh matter (FM)); however, it numerically reduced aerobic stability for 6 h. P and PL silages showed fewer yeasts (< 105 cfu/g FM) (P < 0.05) and markedly improved the aerobic stability (> 360 h). The result suggested that PL is the best additive as it could not only improved fermentation quality, but also aerobic stability of oats‐common vetch mixed silage on the Tibetan plateau.
Effects of different rearing systems on meat production traits and meat fiber microstructure of Beijing‐you chicken
Authors: Fu Dezhi , Zhang Daixi , Xu Guiyun , Li Kaiyang , Wang Qiong , Zhang Zebin , Li Junying , Chen Yu , Jia Yaxiong , Qu LuJiang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBeijing‐you is a Chinese local chicken which is raised for both meat and eggs. In the present study, we detected the effects of different rearing systems on growth, slaughtering performances and meat quality of Beijing‐you chickens at 26–40 weeks of age. Six hundred Beijing‐you hens were randomly allocated into two groups at 16 weeks of age and raised in free range or battery cage systems. The body weight, slaughtering performance and meat quality were measured for each group at the ages of 26, 30, 35 and 40 weeks. Some of the traits were dramatically influenced by the two systems, although most of them did not show significant changes. For the meat fiber microstructure, we found that the diameter of thigh and breast muscle fiber in the free range group were significantly increased than in the cage group (P < 0.05) at 26 weeks of age. The ratio of fast muscle fiber in thigh muscle samples of the free range group was significantly reduced compared to that of cage group at both 35 (P < 0.01) and 40 (P < 0.01) weeks of age, indicating that the free range system could promote the transforming of fast muscle fiber to slow muscle fiber.
Female reproductive morphology of coral‐inhabiting gall crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Cryptochiridae)
Authors: Vehof Juliane , van der Meij Sancia E. T. , Türkay Michael , Becker Carola 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGall crabs are obligate associates of stony corals in which they induce skeletal modifications. In some cryptochirid species, females live in open depressions accessible to males; while in others, females are rather isolated in semiclosed galls, which necessitates elaborate sperm storage capabilities by the female. In this study we investigate the female gross morphology and reproductive systems of Fungicola syzygia lodged in semiclosed flattened pits, Opecarcinus cathyae with semiopen pits and Pseudocryptochirus viridis from shallow open depressions using line drawings and histological methods. The general morphology of the cryptochirids' reproductive systems is uniform and conforms to other thoracotreme brachyurans: paired muscular vaginae of the concave pattern lead from the sternal gonopores into paired seminal receptacles where sperm is stored. The seminal receptacle is internally lined by distinct types of epithelia: a cuticle underlined by a columnar epithelium ventrally, a monolayered secretory epithelium dorsally and a multilayered transfer tissue where the oviducts enter the seminal receptacle. In all studied specimens, the seminal receptacle contained free spermatozoa; however, in specimens of Pseudocryptochirus viridis it also contained spermatophores, indicating a recent insemination. In contrast to most other brachyurans ovaries of the investigated cryptochirids extend into the pleon. The specific degree of ovary extension differs between the studied species and is closely related to female body shape.
Immunotherapy with the trifunctional anti‐CD20 x anti‐CD3 antibody FBTA05 (Lymphomun) in paediatric high‐risk patients with recurrent CD20‐positive B cell malignancies
Authors: Schuster Friedhelm R. , Stanglmaier Michael , Woessmann Wilhelm , Winkler Beate , Siepermann Meinolf , Meisel Roland , Schlegel Paul G. , Hess Jürgen , Lindhofer Horst , Borkhardt Arndt , Buhmann Raymund 
Published: December 2014

SummaryChildren with B cell malignancies refractory to standard therapy are known to have a poor prognosis and very limited treatment options. Here, we report on the treatment and follow‐up of ten patients diagnosed with relapsed or refractory mature B‐cell Non Hodgkin Lymphoma (B‐NHL), Burkitt leukaemia (B‐AL) or pre B‐acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (pre B‐ALL). All children were treated with FBTA05 (now designated Lymphomun), an anti‐CD3 x anti‐CD20 trifunctional bispecific antibody (trAb) in compassionate use. Within individual treatment schedules, Lymphomun was applied (a) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT, n = 6) to induce sustained long‐term remission, or (b) stand alone prior to subsequent chemotherapy to eradicate residual disease before allo‐SCT (n = 4). Nine of ten children displayed a clinical response: three stable diseases (SD), one partial remission (PR) and five induced or sustained complete remissions (CR). Five of these nine responders died during follow‐up. The other patients still maintain CR with a current overall survival of 874–1424 days (median: 1150 days). In conclusion, despite the dismal clinical prognosis of children refractory to standard therapy, immunotherapy with Lymphomun resulted in a favourable clinical outcome in this cohort of refractory paediatric patients.
The comorbid relationship between migraine and epilepsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Keezer M. R. , Bauer P. R. , Ferrari M. D. , Sander J. W. 
Published: December 2014

A number of studies have suggested a pathophysiologic link between migraine and epilepsy. Our aim was to examine the relative lifetime prevalence of migraine in people with epilepsy (PWE) as well that of epilepsy in migraineurs. We carried out a systematic review, searching five electronic databases, specified bibliographies and conference abstracts in order to identify population‐based studies that measured the lifetime co‐prevalence of migraine and epilepsy. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts, carried out a risk of bias assessment and extracted the data. Meta‐analyses were carried out using random effects models. Of the 3640 abstracts and titles screened, we identified 10 eligible studies encompassing a total of 1 548 967 subjects. Few of the studies used validated case ascertainment tools and there were inconsistent attempts to control for confounding. There was an overall 52% increase in the prevalence of migraine among PWE versus those without epilepsy [PR: 1.52 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.79)]. There was an overall 79% increase in the prevalence of epilepsy among migraineurs versus those without migraine [PR: 1.79 (95% CI: 1.43, 2.25)]. Subgroup analyses revealed that the method of ascertaining the epilepsy or migraine status of subjects was an important source of inter‐study heterogeneity. Additional high quality primary studies are required, ones that use validated and accurate methods of case ascertainment as well as control for potential confounders.