bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene markers in brain tumors: What the epileptologist should know
Authors: Ostrom Quinn , Cohen Mark L. , Ondracek Annie , Sloan Andrew , Barnholtz‐Sloan Jill 
Published: December 2013

SummaryGene markers or biomarkers can be used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes for all different types of complex disease, including brain tumors. Prognostic markers can be useful to explain differences not only in overall survival but also in response to treatment and for development of targeted therapies. Multiple genes with specific types of alterations have now been identified that are associated with improved response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, such as O6‐methylguanine methyltranferase (MGMT) or loss of chromosomes 1p and/or 19q. Other alterations have been identified that are associated with improved overall survival, such as mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and/or isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) or having the glioma CpG island DNA methylator phenotype (G‐CIMP). There are many biomarkers that may have relevance in brain tumor–associated epilepsy that do not respond to treatment. Given the rapidly changing landscape of high throughput “omics” technologies, there is significant potential for gaining further knowledge via integration of multiple different types of high genome‐wide data. This knowledge can be translated into improved therapies and clinical outcomes for patients with brain tumors.
The role of functional imaging in the tumor patient
Authors: Wehner Tim 
Published: December 2013

SummaryFunctional imaging studies complement structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment of patients with brain tumor–associated focal epilepsy. 11C‐Methionine (MET) and 18F‐fluoro‐ethyl‐l‐tyrosine (FET) are amino acid analogues that highlight metabolically active areas in positron emission tomography (PET). Ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can provide information about perilesional areas of seizure onset and early propagation. Functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allow noninvasive identification of potentially eloquent motor, sensory, and language cortical areas and pathways with an accuracy of 10–15 mm compared to electrocortical stimulation (ECS). Repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) allows even more precise noninvasive delineation of primary motor cortex. Information from functional imaging studies helps in the planning of brain tumor biopsies, resections, and the planning of intracranial video–electroencephalography (EEG) studies.
Is an epilepsy presurgical evaluation necessary for mid‐grade and high‐grade brain tumors presenting with seizures?
Authors: Hamer Hajo M. , Hong Seung Bong 
Published: December 2013

SummaryPatients with epilepsy caused by mid‐grade and high‐grade tumors do not usually undergo formal presurgical epilepsy evaluations before tumor resection. However, a minority of these patients may benefit significantly from just such a structured presurgical evaluation especially when seizure freedom or seizure reduction is a surgical aim in addition to total tumor resection. Typical cases comprise patients with multifocal tumors, tumors with bilateral extension, tumors over eloquent cortex, and the need for differentiation of spells of an uncertain nature, for example, epileptic versus psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. If they are epileptic, the definition of the epileptic lesion versus the epileptogenic zone and eloquent cortex can be another reason for monitoring. In addition to noninvasive recordings, invasive studies that use subdural or depths electrodes can be of special importance in these patients, leading to an exact delineation of the epileptogenic zone, usually extending beyond the epileptic lesion, and allow safe differentiation of epileptic from eloquent cortex.
Resection strategies in tumoral epilepsy: Is a lesionectomy enough?
Authors: Tandon Nitin , Esquenazi Yoshua 
Published: December 2013

SummaryResection strategies in patients with tumor‐related epilepsy vary from lesionectomy to larger epilepsy operations with no consensus on optimal approaches. The objective of this study is to use our prior experience in the management of these patients, to derive optimal strategies for the surgical management of epilepsy related to brain tumors. A prospectively compiled database of epilepsy and tumor patients was used to identify patients who underwent surgical resection of a neoplasm but then developed epilepsy, or who presented with epilepsy and were found to harbor a brain tumor. Seizure frequency, histopathology, type of surgical resection, and outcomes were compiled. Of 235 epilepsy surgery patients and 75 low/intermediate grade glioma surgery patients, 13 (5.5%) and 21 (28%) patients, respectively, had tumoral epilepsy. Twenty‐two patients were male and 18 tumors were in the left hemisphere. Tumoral epilepsy occurred predominantly in temporal (50%) and perirolandic (26.5%) locations. The etiology was WHO grade I tumors in 29%, grade II in 35%, and grade III in 33%. In the epilepsy group, following lesionectomy in three and tailored resections in the majority, seizure outcomes were Engel class I in all except one case. In the tumor group, after the initial operation seven additional resections were performed due to seizure recurrence. Outcomes in this group were Engel class 1A in 18 patients and 1B, 1C and IIA in 1 patient each. Drawing upon these data, we propose a classification of the likely reasons of failure in seizure control in patients with tumoral epilepsy. This review reiterates the concept that a complete resection of the lesion is the best approach for dealing with tumors presenting with epilepsy. Overall excellent outcomes can be accomplished following aggressive initial tumor resection, re‐resection in the context of recurrence, and epilepsy style operations in selected patients with a longer history of seizures.
Brain mapping in tumors: Intraoperative or extraoperative?
Authors: Duffau Hugues 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIn nontumoral epilepsy surgery, the main goal for all preoperative investigation is to first determine the epileptogenic zone, and then to analyze its relation to eloquent cortex, in order to control seizures while avoiding adverse postoperative neurologic outcome. To this end, in addition to neuropsychological assessment, functional neuroimaging and scalp electroencephalography, extraoperative recording, and electrical mapping, especially using subdural strip‐ or grid‐electrodes, has been reported extensively. Nonetheless, in tumoral epilepsy surgery, the rationale is different. Indeed, the first aim is rather to maximize the extent of tumor resection while minimizing postsurgical morbidity, in order to increase the median survival as well as to preserve quality of life. As a consequence, as frequently seen in infiltrating tumors such as gliomas, where these lesions not only grow but also migrate along white matter tracts, the resection should be performed according to functional boundaries both at cortical and subcortical levels. With this in mind, extraoperative mapping by strips/grids is often not sufficient in tumoral surgery, since in essence, it allows study of the cortex but cannot map subcortical pathways. Therefore, intraoperative electrostimulation mapping, especially in awake patients, is more appropriate in tumor surgery, because this technique allows real‐time detection of areas crucial for cerebral functions—eloquent cortex and fibers—throughout the resection. In summary, rather than choosing one or the other of different mapping techniques, methodology should be adapted to each pathology, that is, extraoperative mapping in nontumoral epilepsy surgery and intraoperative mapping in tumoral surgery.
An Examination of Cannibalization Effects within the Riverboat Gaming Industry: The Case of Illinois‐Area Casinos
Authors: Gallagher Ryan M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAs states become increasingly reliant on taxable casino revenues to augment their budgets, questions concerning optimal casino location have entered into policy dialogues across the country. Notably, policy makers have become concerned with the presence and size of so‐called “cannibalization effects” within the casino industry whereby casinos operating within overlapping markets capture one another's business. However, the size, significance, and underlying mechanics of these effects have received very little attention in the academic literature. Using a unique data panel for the Illinois region that spans over a decade, this paper develops a working framework for identifying the presence of intra‐industry cannibalization effects for the riverboat gaming industry. Evidence suggests cannibalization effects do indeed exist and are largely a function of new casino development, not the expansion of pre‐existing casinos. These effects also attenuate rather quickly with distance.
T lymphocytes targeting native receptors
Authors: Rooney Cliona M. , Leen Ann M. , Vera Juan F. , Heslop Helen E. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe adoptive transfer of T cells specific for native tumor antigens (TAs) is an increasingly popular cancer treatment option because of the ability of these cells to discriminate between normal and tumor tissues and the corresponding lack of short or long‐term toxicities. Infusions of antigen‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells targeting viral antigens derived from Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) induce sustained complete tumor remissions in patients with highly immunogenic tumors such as post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease, although resistance occurred when the infused T‐cell population had restricted antigen specificity. T cells specific for EBV antigens have also produced complete remissions of EBV‐positive nasopharyngeal carcinomas and lymphomas developing in immunocompetent individuals, even though in these patients tumor survival is dependent on their ability to evade T‐cell immunity. Adapting this strategy to non‐viral tumors is more challenging, as the target antigens expressed are less immunogenic and the tumors lack the potent danger signals that are characteristic of viruses. The goals of current studies are to define conditions that promote expansion of antigen‐specific T cells ex vivo and to ensure their in vivo persistence and survival by combining with maneuvers such as lymphodepletion, checkpoint inhibition, cytokine infusions, or genetic manipulations. More pragmatic goals are to streamline manufacturing to facilitate the transition of these therapies to late phase trials and to evaluate closely histocompatibility antigen (HLA)‐matched banked antigen‐specific T cells so that T‐cell therapies can be made more broadly available.
Austerity's Wasted Years
Authors: MITCHELL AUSTIN 
Published: December 2013

Austerity has become the norm of economic management in the EU, Britain and the USA. In each it is offered as the answer to different problems but everywhere the result is cuts in public spending, higher unemployment and low growth, none of which helps recovery from recession.Labour's response should not be to endorse or continue austerity but to initiate a Keynesian expansionary stimulus based on borrowing and spending on a huge programme of building public housing for rent. This should be accompanied by a competitive exchange rate, an industrial policy to boost the manufacturing sector and a National Investment Bank, the aim being to expand the production base so that it can pay the nation's way in the World and support the structure and the improvements Labour needs. This makes the choice at the next election the issue of what kind of Britain the electorate wants to see: a low wage, mean economy or a determined attempt to rebuild a stronger nation with a more powerful economy.
Nurse home visitors' perceived awareness of mandatory reporting requirements: pregnant women's and children's exposure to intimate partner violence
Authors: Davidov Danielle M. , Jack Susan M. ,   the NFP IPV Research Team
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo examine nurse home visitors' perceived awareness of reporting requirements for intimate partner violence during pregnancy and children's exposure to such violence.BackgroundMany home visitation programmes employ nurses to deliver prenatal and parenting education and services to pregnant women and mothers. Although home visitors are responsible for reporting child maltreatment, the extent to which mandated reporting laws apply to intimate partner violence perpetrated against pregnant women and children's exposure varies considerably between jurisdictions.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive survey design.MethodsA web‐based survey was sent to all home visitors in the Nurse‐Family Partnership programme in April/May 2010. The survey contained two vignettes describing client disclosure of intimate partner violence when: (1) the client is pregnant; and (2) the client's child is in her arms during the violent episode. Participants were asked about perceived reporting requirements and factors that guide reporting decisions.FindingsApproximately half of the target population returned completed surveys (n=532). Over a quarter of the sample believed that they were mandated to report abuse of a pregnant woman and two‐thirds indicated awareness of a mandate to report when the child was in the mother's arms during the violence. Most nurses indicated that reporting decisions should be based on state law.ConclusionNurse home visitors may believe that they are mandated to report children's exposure to intimate partner violence when the child is at risk of physical harm. Home visitation providers likely consider multiple factors when determining whether to report intimate partner violence and children's exposure to intimate partner violence.
Naked M&A Transactions: How the Lack of Local Expertise in Cross‐Border Deals Can Negatively Affect Acquirer Performance – and How Informed Institutional Investors can Mitigate This Effect
Authors: Faelten Anna , Gietzmann Miles , Vitkova Valeriya 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper tests how informed investors with local expertise can affect cross‐border deal success using a comprehensive dataset of corporate acquirers’ share registers. We posit that deals in which long‐term investors have a high level of expertise in the target firm's region are more likely to perform better than if the deal is ‘naked’, i.e., when such regional expertise amongst the investors is low. We show that the strength of this effect depends upon an index of country‐level M&A maturity which measures the relative divergence between acquirer and target countries. Specifically, we investigate whether acquirers investing in countries with low M&A maturity gain greater benefit from investors with regional expertise. We present evidence which confirms the hypothesis that acquirers in cross‐border corporate transactions are more likely to be successful if the acquirer's investors have a higher level of expertise in the target region, and that this effect is strongest when the maturity for corporate transactions of the target country is low. This provides a specific setting which is consistent with earlier theoretical work that argues in general that information flows should not just be from firms to capital markets but also in the opposite direction, and that this flow of information is particularly important whenever information is dispersed.
Standardized endoscopic reporting
Authors: Aabakken Lars , Barkun Alan N , Cotton Peter B , Fedorov Evgeny , Fujino Masayuki A , Ivanova Ekaterina , Kudo Shin‐ei , Kuznetzov Konstantin , de Lange Thomas , Matsuda Koji , Moine Olivier , Rembacken Björn , Rey Jean‐Francois , Romagnuolo Joseph , Rösch Thomas , Sawhney Mandeep , Yao Kenshi , Waye Jerome D 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe need for standardized language is increasingly obvious, also within gastrointestinal endoscopy. A systematic approach to the description of endoscopic findings is vital for the development of a universal language, but systematic also means structured, and structure is inherently a challenge when presented as an alternative to the normal spoken word.The efforts leading to the “Minimal Standard Terminology” (MST) of gastrointestinal endoscopy offer a standardized model for description of endoscopic findings. With a combination of lesion descriptors and descriptor attributes, this system gives guidance to appropriate descriptions of lesions and also has a normative effect on endoscopists in training.The endoscopic report includes a number of items not related to findings per se, but to other aspects of the procedure, formal, technical, and medical. While the MST sought to formulate minimal lists for some of these aspects (e.g. indications), they are not all well suited for the inherent structure of the MST, and many are missing. Thus, the present paper offers a recommended standardization also of the administrative, technical, and other “peri‐endoscopic” elements of the endoscopic report; important also are the numerous quality assurance initiatives presently emerging.Finally, the image documentation of endoscopic findings is becoming more obvious—and accessible. Thus, recommendations for normal procedures as well as for focal and diffuse pathology are presented.The recommendations are “minimal,” meaning that expansions and subcategories will likely be needed in most centers. Still, with a stronger common grounds, communication within endoscopy will still benefit.
UKowner preferences for treatment of feline injection site sarcomas
Authors: Carwardine D. , Friend E. , Toscano M. , Bowlt K. 
Published: December 2013

OBJECTIVESFeline injection site sarcomas are therapeutically challenging because of their locally invasive nature. Several protocols recommend that the two perceived high‐risk adjuvanted vaccines should be administered into distinct anatomical sites (“left hind leg leukaemia, right hind leg rabies”), which should aid surgical resection. This has resulted in a change in tumour distribution with an increased proportion situated caudal to the diaphragm when such a policy is adopted. The aim of this study was to determineUKcat owners’ attitudes towards surgical treatments of different anatomical regions.METHODSA cross‐sectional study of an anonymous convenience sample ofUKcat owners was conducted from September to December, 2012 using an internet‐based survey.RESULTSThere were a total of 208 respondents: 39% would pursue surgery regardless of tumour site. One percent would not pursue surgery. Of the remainder, respondents would not allow amputation of the forelimb (20%), hindlimb (15%) or tail (15%). Twenty‐six, 32 and 27% would not have surgical treatment of the inter‐scapular region, chest or abdomen, respectively. The majority of respondents were willing to travel up to 100 miles for radiotherapy or chemotherapy (66 and 69%, respectively).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe current feline vaccine site recommendations may not be appropriate forUKcat owners.
Inferring the contribution of sexual reproduction, migration and off‐season survival to the temporal maintenance of microbial populations: a case study on the wheat fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici
Authors: Ali Sajid , Gladieux Pierre , Rahman Hidayatur , Saqib Muhammad S. , Fiaz Muhammad , Ahmad Habib , Leconte Marc , Gautier Angélique , Justesen Annemarie F. , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Enjalbert Jérôme , de Vallavieille‐Pope Claude 
Published: December 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the mode of temporal maintenance of plant pathogens is an important domain of microbial ecology research. Due to the inconspicuous nature of microbes, their temporal maintenance cannot be studied directly through tracking individuals and their progeny. Here, we suggest a series of population genetic analyses on molecular marker variation in temporally spaced samples to infer about the relative contribution of sexual reproduction, off‐season survival and migration to the temporal maintenance of pathogen populations. We used the proposed approach to investigate the temporal maintenance of wheat yellow rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (PST), in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. Multilocus microsatellite genotyping of PST isolates revealed high genotypic diversity and recombinant population structure across all locations, confirming the existence of sexual reproduction in this region. The genotypes were assigned to four genetic groups, revealing a clear differentiation between zones with and without Berberis spp., the alternate host of PST, with an additional subdivision within the Berberis zone. The lack of any differentiation between samples across two sampling years, and the very infrequent resampling of multilocus genotypes over years at a given location was consistent with limited over‐year clonal survival, and a limited genetic drift. The off‐season oversummering population in the Berberis zone, likely to be maintained locally, served as a source of migrants contributing to the temporal maintenance in the non‐Berberis zone. Our study hence demonstrated the contribution of both sexual recombination and off‐season oversummering survival to the temporal maintenance of the pathogen. These new insights into the population biology of PST highlight the general usefulness of the analytical approach proposed.
Effects of education in an obesity control program for obese homemakers on body fat and flexibility in Korea
Authors: Song Min‐Sun , Yoo Yong‐Kwon , Kim Nam‐Cho 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the effects of education in an obesity‐control program (EOCP) on the percentage of body fat and flexibility in obese women in Korea. Women with over 30% body fat were offered EOCP between July 2012 and October 2012. The EOCP consisted of an educational program, exercise program, and counseling. The numbers of participants both in the EOCP and control group were 17. The study was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed‐rank test using the Statistical Analysis System package. The EOCP participants presented statistically significant increases in the degree of forward trunk flexion, but only the percentage of the body fat showed differences within the EOCP group. The EOCP improved flexibility in obese women, and can be used in local obesity‐control programs.
Pseudotumor Cerebri Associated with Cyclosporine Use in Severe Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Blasco Morente Gonzalo , Tercedor Sánchez Jesús , Garrido Colmenero Cristina , Martínez García Eliseo , Molina‐Carballo Antonio 
Published: December 2013

AbstractCyclosporine use can cause neurologic complications in 0.5% to 35% of cases, although the appearance of pseudotumor cerebri (PC) is exceptional. PC secondary to the use of cyclosporine is described mainly in individuals who have received a bone marrow transplant. We report the first case, to our knowledge, of PC secondary to the use of cyclosporine in a child with severe atopic dermatitis, with satisfactory resolution and without vision sequelae.