bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term duration and safety of Radiesse (+) for the treatment of jawline
Authors: Green Jeremy B. , Del Campo Roberta , Durkin Alan J. , Funt David K. , Nasrallah Nicole , Martinez Keith , Moradi Amir 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundCalcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA)‐carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)+ has unique properties that make it optimal for lifting, contouring, and defining the jawline. This long‐term follow‐up of a randomized, multicenter, rater‐blinded trial reports efficacy and safety of CaHA‐CMC(+) through 48 and up to 60 weeks post‐treatment.MethodsEligible patients were randomized (2:1) to the treatment or the control/delayed treatment group to receive CaHA‐CMC(+) injections in both jawlines. While touch‐ups were permitted 4 weeks post‐treatment for both groups, only the treatment group was eligible for optional retreatment after 48 weeks. The primary outcome was ≥1‐point improvement on both jawlines on the Merz Jawline Assessment Scale (MJAS); secondary endpoints included the Subject Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (SGAIS) among others. Post hoc analysis included pooling up to 48‐week data from the combined treatment and control/delayed groups and 60‐week data for the treatment group.ResultsOverall, 175 received treatment. MJAS responder rates were 77.9%, 78.7%, and 62.9% at 12, 24, and 48 weeks post‐treatment, respectively. Responder rate on the MJAS at 60 weeks was 74.6% for those who received retreatment and 43.5% for those patients who received only the initial and touchup treatments. SGAIS scores demonstrated 93.4%, 85.6%, and 68.5% of patients rated themselves very much improved after 12, 24, and 48 weeks, respectively. Adverse events consisted of procedure or CaHA‐CMC(+)‐related events that were mostly resolved and overwhelmingly mild.ConclusionsCaHA‐CMC(+) produced clinically meaningful and long‐lasting improvements in jawline contour and was well tolerated in patients through 60 weeks.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03583359.
Pial collaterals limit stroke progression and metabolic stress in hypoperfused tissue: An MRI perfusion and mq‐BOLD study
Authors: Frank Franziska , Kaczmarz Stephan , Preibisch Christine , Deichmann Ralf , Nöth Ulrike , Wagner Marlies , Seiler Alexander 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large‐vessel occlusion (LVO), the relationship between cerebral oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) as the hallmark of the ischemic penumbra and leptomeningeal collateral supply is not well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pial collateralization and tissue oxygen extraction in patients with LVO using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsData from 14 patients with anterior circulation LVO who underwent MRI before acute stroke treatment were analyzed. In addition to diffusion‐weighted imaging and perfusion‐weighted imaging (PWI), the protocol comprised sequences for multiparametric quantitative blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent imaging for the calculation of relative OEF (rOEF). Pial collateral supply was quantitatively assessed by analyzing the signal variance in T2*‐weighted PWI time series. Relationships between collateral supply, infarct volume, rOEF in peri‐infarct hypoperfused tissue, and clinical stroke severity were assessed.ResultsThe PWI‐based parameter quantifying collateral supply was negatively correlated with baseline ischemic core volume and rOEF in the hypoperfused peri‐infarct area (p < .01). Both reduced collateral supply and increased rOEF correlated significantly with higher scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (p < .05). Increased rOEF within hypoperfused tissue was associated with higher baseline (p = .043) and follow‐up infarct volume (p = .009).ConclusionsSignal variance‐based mapping of collaterals with PWI depicts pial collateral supply, which is closely tied to tissue pathophysiology and clinical and imaging outcomes. Magnetic‐resonance‐derived mapping of cerebral rOEF reveals penumbral characteristics of hypoperfused tissue and might provide a promising imaging biomarker in AIS.
Attitudes and behaviours of mental health professionals in the care of transgender people: A qualitative study
Authors: Cutillas‐Fernández M. Asunción , Jiménez‐Ruiz Ismael , Herrera‐Giménez María , Jiménez‐Barbero Jose Antonio 
Published: June 2024

Accessible SummaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mental health professionals' beliefs about transgender individuals vary, often influenced by stereotypes.

There's recognition of healthcare needs, but limited knowledge impacts decision‐making.

Stereotypes persist regarding why transgender individuals seek mental health care.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Professionals' attitudes show both positive support and negative, discriminatory views.

Lack of training and knowledge gaps hinder effective care for transgender individuals.

Pathologising attitudes exist, associating gender diversity with mental health conditions.

What Are the implications for practice?

Addressing training gaps is crucial for equitable care for transgender individuals.

Challenging stereotypes and beliefs is necessary to reduce stigma and improve understanding.

Enhancing knowledge and evidence‐based tools will ensure safe and equal healthcare access.

AbstractIntroductionTransgender people face against significant barriers in accessing mental health services due to, among other reasons, discrimination and a lack of expertise among professionals.AimTo explore the beliefs and attitudes of professionals in the mental health network of the region of Murcia towards transgender people, focusing on aspects such as knowledge, perceptions, and prejudices about gender identity.MethodWe carried out a qualitative study involving 14 participants, conducting semi‐structured interviews based on prior knowledge of the topic. We asked the professionals about their experiences and challenges in their clinical interaction with transgender users and followed an inductive‐deductive process to analyse the data.ResultsTwo main themes were identified from the interviews, which were sub‐categorised into different sub‐themes: (a) beliefs about transgender people: underlying factors and origins of gender diversity, health needs, and stereotypes about the demand for health care; (b) attitudes and behaviours of professionals towards transgender people: pathologization and attitudes towards decision‐making.Discussion/Implications for PracticeOur findings suggest that mental health professionals tend to oversimplify the factors underlying gender diversity and hold certain stereotypical beliefs about these users that oversimplify the complexity of their experiences.
Ca2+‐mediated reactive oxygen species signaling regulates cell repair after mechanical wounding in the red alga Griffithsia monilis
Authors: Hong Chan Young , Yun Ji Ho , Kim Gwang Hoon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMechanical damage to a cell can be fatal, and the cell must reseal its membrane and restore homeostasis to survive. Plant cell repair involves additional steps such as rebuilding vacuoles, rearranging chloroplasts, and remodeling the cell wall. When we pierced a Griffithsia monilis cell with a glass needle, a large amount of intracellular contents was released, but the cell membrane resealed in less than a second. The turgor of the vacuole was quickly restored, and the punctured cell returned to its original shape within an hour. Organelles such as chloroplasts and nuclei migrated to the wound site for 12 h and then dispersed throughout the cell after the wound was covered by a new cell wall. Using fluorescent probes, high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were detected at the wound site from 3 h after wounding, which disappeared when cell repair was complete. Wounding in a solution containing ROS scavengers inhibited cellular repair, and inhibiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity or blocking calcium influx reversibly inhibited cell repair. Oryzalin reversibly inhibited both chloroplast movement and ROS production during cell repair. Our results show that cell repair in G. monilis is regulated by calcium‐mediated ROS signaling and that microtubules serve as mechanical effectors.
Oclacitinib (APOQUEL®) is a selective Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with efficacy in a canine model of flea allergic dermatitis
Authors: Gonzales Andrea J. , Aleo Michelle , Mahabir Sean , Messamore James , Stegemann Michael 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOclacitinib is a novel Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor that potently inhibits JAK1‐dependent cytokines involved in allergy, inflammation, and pruritus (IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐13, and IL‐31). Oclacitinib (Apoquel®, Zoetis Inc, Parsippany, NJ) is approved for the treatment/control of pruritus associated with allergic dermatitis and treatment/control of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs at least 12 months of age. To evaluate the effectiveness of oclacitinib in dogs with flea allergy dermatitis, the JAK1 selective inhibitor was tested in a placebo‐controlled, masked, single‐dose (0.4 mg/kg) or repeat‐dose (0.4 mg/kg, twice daily for 2 weeks) study. Pruritic behaviors were quantitated by video recording, and erythema and skin lesions were assessed using a 10‐cm visual analog scale (VAS). Results showed that oclacitinib reduced pruritus by 61% as early as 1.5 h after a single oral dose compared to placebo, with an average reduction (compared to placebo) of 85% 1–5 h after dosing (0.4 mg/kg; p < .0001). Oclacitinib also significantly reduced erythema (p < .0001) and skin lesion (p < .0005) VAS scores on Day 14 compared to placebo in a repeat dose study. No adverse events were noted during the conduct of these studies. IL‐31 concentrations were elevated in the majority of dogs after flea infestation, suggesting JAK1‐dependent cytokines may drive clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis. These findings show that oclacitinib, an inhibitor of JAK1‐dependent cytokines involved in allergy and inflammation can rapidly reduce clinical signs associated with flea allergic dermatitis in dogs.
The renal apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter expression rescue attenuates renal damage in diabetic nephropathy via farnesoid X receptor activation
Authors: Li Youmei , Pang Shuguang , Guo Honggang , Yang Shuo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimBile acids (BA) function as signalling molecules regulating glucose‐lipid homeostasis and energy expenditure. However, the expression of the apical sodium‐dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) in the kidney, responsible for renal BA reabsorption, is downregulated in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Using the db/db mouse model of DKD, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rescuing ASBT expression via adeno‐associated virus‐mediated delivery of ASBT (AAVASBT) on kidney protection.MethodsSix‐week‐old male db/db mice received an intraparenchymal injection of AAVASBT at a dose of 1 × 1011 viral genomes (vg)/animal and were subsequently fed a chow diet for 2 weeks. Male db/m mice served as controls. For drug treatment, daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist guggulsterone (GS, 10 mg/kg) were administered one day after initiating the experiment.ResultsAAVASBT treatment rescued renal ASBT expression and reduced the urinary BA output in db/db mice. AAVASBT treatment activated kidney mitochondrial biogenesis and ameliorated renal impairment associated with diabetes by activating FXR. In addition, the injection of FXR antagonist GS in DKD mice would reverse these beneficial effects by AAVASBT treatment.ConclusionOur work indicated that restoring renal ASBT expression slowed the course of DKD via activating FXR. FXR activation stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis while reducing renal oxidative stress and lipid build up, indicating FXR activation's crucial role in preventing DKD. These findings further suggest that the maintenance of renal BA reabsorption could be a viable treatment for DKD.
Long‐term soil warming changes the profile of primary metabolites in fine roots of Norway spruce in a temperate montane forest
Authors: Liu Xiaofei , Heinzle Jakob , Tian Ye , Salas Erika , Kwatcho Kengdo Steve , Borken Werner , Schindlbacher Andreas , Wanek Wolfgang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate warming poses major threats to temperate forests, but the response of tree root metabolism has largely remained unclear. We examined the impact of long‐term soil warming (>14 years, +4°C) on the fine root metabolome across three seasons for 2 years in an old spruce forest, using a liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry platform for primary metabolite analysis. A total of 44 primary metabolites were identified in roots (19 amino acids, 12 organic acids and 13 sugars). Warming increased the concentration of total amino acids and of total sugars by 15% and 21%, respectively, but not organic acids. We found that soil warming and sampling date, along with their interaction, directly influenced the primary metabolite profiles. Specifically, in warming plots, concentrations of arginine, glycine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan, mannose, ribose, fructose, glucose and oxaloacetic acid increased by 51.4%, 19.9%, 21.5%, 19.3%, 22.1%, 23.0%, 38.0%, 40.7%, 19.8% and 16.7%, respectively. Rather than being driven by single compounds, changes in metabolite profiles reflected a general up‐ or downregulation of most metabolic pathway network. This emphasises the importance of metabolomics approaches in investigating root metabolic pathways and understanding the effects of climate change on tree root metabolism.
Causal Models and Metaphysics—Part 2: Interpreting Causal Models
Authors: McDonald Jennifer 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the question of what constitutes an apt interpreted model for the purpose of analyzing causation. I first collect universally adopted aptness principles into a basic account, flagging open questions and choice points along the way. I then explore various additional aptness principles that have been proposed in the literature but have not been widely adopted, the motivations behind their proposals, and the concerns with each that stand in the way of universal adoption. I conclude that the remaining work of articulating aptness for a SEM analysis of causation is tied up with issues to do with modality, ontology, and mereology. Continuing this work is therefore likely to shed light on the relationship between these areas and causation more generally.
A longitudinal study of self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors transitions and help‐seeking intentions among young adults
Authors: Wang Juan , Han Meng , Xi Yingjun , He Xiaoxiao , Feng Yi , Chen Runsen 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeEngagement in self‐injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) is associated with low help‐seeking intentions. Nevertheless, prior research has primarily relied on cross‐sectional data, leaving uncertainties about the longitudinal dynamics between SITBs and help‐seeking intentions. This study aims to investigate the longitudinal relationship between SITBs and help‐seeking intentions for them.MethodA one‐year interval follow‐up investigation was conducted among 1788 Chinese students (71.5% girls, Mage = 19.5). Changes in help‐seeking intentions were initially analyzed among four SITBs transition groups. Subsequently, a cross‐lagged model was employed to explore the possible bidirectional associations.Results232 participants (12.90%) experienced changes in SITBs, while 65 participants (3.60%) exhibited sustained SITBs between two measurement time points. Changes in help‐seeking intentions varied across SITBs transition groups. Participants whose SITBs faded 1 year later showed a significant increase in help‐seeking intentions, whereas those who experienced newly developed SITBs across two measurement time points demonstrated a significant decline. The cross‐lagged analysis revealed that help‐seeking intentions negatively predicted the subsequent risk of experiencing SITBs.ConclusionsGreater help‐seeking intentions predicted decreased SITBs 1 year later. Changes in help‐seeking intentions serve as a valuable indicator for distinguishing between different types of SITBs transition. These findings underscore the importance of implementing prevention and intervention strategies targeted at enhancing help‐seeking intentions to reduce SITBs.
Genetically predicted TWEAK mediates the association between lipidome and Keratinocyte Carcinomas
Authors: Lei Hao , Chen Xin , Bai Ruimin , Wang Qian , Xian Ningyi , Zhao Xinrong , Zhou Xiaolin , Zheng Yan , Wang Guorong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundReports suggest that lipid profiles may be linked to the likelihood of developing skin cancer, yet the exact causal relationship is still unknown.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the connection between lipidome and skin cancers, as well as investigate any possible mediators.MethodsA two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted on 179 lipidomes and each skin cancer based on a genome‐wide association study (GWAS), including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Then, Bayesian weighted MR was performed to verify the analysis results of two‐sample MR. Moreover, a two‐step MR was employed to investigate the impact of TNF‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)‐mediated lipidome on skin cancer rates.ResultsMR analysis identified higher genetically predicted phosphatidylcholine (PC) (17:0_18:2) could reduce the risk of skin tumors, including BCC (OR = 0.9149, 95% CI: 0.8667–0.9658), SCC (OR = 0.9343, 95% CI: 0.9087–0.9606) and melanoma (OR = 0.9982, 95% CI: 0.9966–0.9997). The proportion of PC (17:0_18:2) predicted by TWEAK‐mediated genetic prediction was 6.6 % in BCC and 7.6% in SCC. The causal relationship between PC (17:0_18:2) and melanoma was not mediated by TWEAK.ConclusionThis study identified a negative causal relationship between PC (17:0_18:2) and keratinocyte carcinomas, a small part of which was mediated by TWEAK, and most of the remaining mediating factors are still unclear. Further research on other risk factors is needed in the future.
Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi‐component anti‐aging topical eye cream
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Xinyuan , Wang Hua , Guo Miao , Zhang Jinlong , Feng Xuejiao , Yu Jiayi , Yang Jiahui , Zhu Jinjin , Wang Yiyu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe delicate periorbital region is susceptible to skin dehydration, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Thus, targeted and effective anti‐aging interventions are necessary for the periorbital area.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new anti‐aging eye cream formulated with the active complex (Yeast/rice fermentation filtrate, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, palmityl tripeptide‐1, and palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7).MethodsThe cell viability and expressions of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the active complex were evaluated using a human skin fibroblast model. In the 12‐week clinical trial, skin hydration, elasticity, facial photographs, and collagen density following eye cream application were assessed using Corneometer, Cutometer, VISIA, and ultrasound device, respectively. Dermatologists and participants evaluated clinical efficacy and safety at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks.ResultsPCR and immunofluorescent analyses revealed that the active complex significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation (p < 0.05) and markedly promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Clinical findings exhibited a substantial enhancement in skin hydration (28.12%), elasticity (18.81%), and collagen production (54.99%) following 12 weeks of eye cream application. Dermatological evaluations and participants’ assessments reported a significant improvement in skin moisture, roughness, elasticity, as well as fine lines and wrinkles by week 8.ConclusionThe new anti‐aging eye cream, enriched with the active complex, demonstrates comprehensive rejuvenating effects, effectively addressing aging concerns in the periorbital area, coupled with a high safety profile.
The limited potential of soil and vegetation in urban greenspace for nature‐based offsetting of institutional carbon emissions
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Manning David A. C. , Werner David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe soil and vegetation of urban greenspace can potentially contribute to ambitious climate action plans declared by city institutions and councils. To assess how urban greenspace could make a contribution to institutional carbon management, we measured soil carbon at 42 sampling locations across three land‐covers and vegetation carbon of 490 trees (67 species), over the city campus of Newcastle University. Soil carbon varied with pH and land‐cover classes (lawned with some free‐standing trees, woodland park, sports fields), and tree cover significantly enhanced soil carbon storage. Soil carbon storage from 0 to 30 cm depth averaged 18.85 kg·m−2, more than double the tree carbon storage (average 7.66 kg·m−2) estimated using biomass empirical equations. According to our scenarios, even if all currently available urban greenspace were converted to woodland, this would offset only 1% of current annual greenhouse gas emissions of Newcastle University or, if implemented more widely, of Newcastle city overall. While urban woodland brings benefits beyond carbon storage, the limit to what can be achieved within cities emphasizes the need for urban–rural partnerships. In exchange for helping cities with carbon abatement, their surrounding rural regions could benefit from carbon offsetting payments to improve their infrastructure provision. Overall, a carbon‐friendly and nature‐based land management strategy should be developed with full consideration of collaborative partnerships between urban and surrounding rural areas, particularly placing a high value on soil and tree carbon.
Impact of blood donation biovigilance and transfusion‐transmitted infections on organ transplantation
Authors: Stewart Adam G. , Kotton Camille Nelson 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOver 118 million blood donations are collected globally each year. Recipients of blood products include those who experience major trauma or surgery, have acute blood loss and anemia, or impaired bone marrow function. Solid organ transplant recipients often require transfusion of blood products which places them at risk of transfusion‐associated adverse events including transfusion‐transmitted infection. National hemovigilance networks have documented low rates of transfusion‐transmitted infection in the general population. Incidence transfusion‐transmitted infection continues to occur in solid organ transplant patients and arises mainly from existing gaps in blood donor biovigilance processes. Emerging infectious diseases have highlighted existing gaps in the donor‐recipient pathway to administering safe blood products. This article reviews the current process and regulatory oversight of blood donor biovigilance, including donor screening and microbiological testing, highlights cases of transfusion‐transmitted infection documented in the literature, and addresses ways in which biovigilance may be improved, with a focus on the impact of solid organ transplantation.