bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Employment Status Change for Practicing Pharmacists
Authors: Mott David A , Arya Vibhuti , Bakken Brianne K , Doucette William R , Gaither Caroline , Gilson Aaron , Kreling David H , Schommer Jon C , Witry Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in health care workers experiencing temporary or permanent changes in employment due to layoffs, quits, and postpandemic increased job demand. Analyzing the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with employment changes and results of changes for practicing pharmacists and understanding the associations with demographic and work-related factors could inform practice, policy, and educational programs. This study aimed to explore the frequency, characteristics, and results of employment status changes (ESCs) experienced by pharmacists practicing pharmacy in March 2020 (ie, the start of the COVID-19 pandemic).

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey research design was used to collect data from a random sample of 93,990 licensed pharmacists in the United States. The study team developed an online survey questionnaire designed to assess the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacists’ work and work-life. The survey items used for this study related to ESCs, work-life characteristics, work characteristics in March 2020 and 2022, and demographic variables. A total of 4947 usable responses were received between November 2022 and January 2023.

Results
Overall, 36.4% of respondents reported experiencing an ESC and approximately 70% of those reporting an ESC reported experiencing just 1 ECS. Overall, 39.5% of respondents who experienced an ESC stopped working (ie, were unemployed) pursuant to an ESC. Respondents who experienced an ESC reported significantly lower levels of work exhaustion and interprofessional disengagement and significantly higher levels of professional fulfillment in their current employment than respondents that did not experience an ESC.

Conclusion
The overall increase in demand for workers in the health care sector appeared to provide opportunities for pharmacists, especially pharmacists with 1 to 10 years of experience, to change their employment situation, resulting in better work-life characteristics. Given projections of a pharmacist shortage, research, policy, and educational programs could determine the best practices to improve work settings and the work-life characteristics of practicing pharmacists to improve the health of the current pharmacist workforce.
The highly dynamic satellitomes of cultivated wheat species
Authors: Gálvez-Galván Ana , Garrido-Ramos Manuel A , Prieto Pilar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Durum wheat, Triticum turgidum, and bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, are two allopolyploid species of very recent origin that have been subjected to intense selection programmes during the thousands of years they have been cultivated. In this paper, we study the durum wheat satellitome and establish a comparative analysis with the previously published bread wheat satellitome.

Methods
We revealed the durum wheat satellitome using the satMiner protocol, which is based on consecutive rounds of clustering of Illumina reads by RepeatExplorer2, and we estimated abundance and variation for each identified satellite DNA (satDNA) with RepeatMasker v4.0.5. We also performed a deep satDNA family characterization including chromosomal location by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in durum wheat and its comparison with FISH patterns in bread wheat. BLAST was used for trailing each satDNA in the assembly of durum wheat genome through NCBI’s Genome Data Viewer and the genome assemblies of both species were compared. Sequence divergence and consensus turnover rate between homologous satDNA families of durum and bread wheat were estimated using MEGA11.

Key Results
This study reveals that in an exceedingly short period, significant qualitative and quantitative changes have occurred in the set of satDNAs of both species, with expansions/contractions of the number of repeats and the loci per satellite, different in each species, and a high rate of sequence change for most of these satellites, in addition to the emergence/loss of satDNAs not shared between the two species analysed. These evolutionary changes in satDNA are common between species but what is truly remarkable and novel is that these processes have taken place in less than the last ~8000 years separating the two species, indicating an accelerated evolution of their satDNAs.

Conclusions
These results, together with the relationship of many of these satellites with transposable elements and the polymorphisms they generate at the level of centromeres and subtelomeric regions of their chromosomes, are analysed and discussed in the context of the evolutionary origin of these species and the selection pressure exerted by humans throughout the history of their cultivation.
Successful treatment of acute device thrombosis of patent foramen ovale with slow infusion of low-dose thrombolytic therapy
Authors: Akyol Selahattin , Bayam Emrah , Avci Anıl , Güler Ünal , Kargin Ramazan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is used in selected individuals to eliminate the risk of recurrent cerebral embolism due to paradoxical embolization. Although device thrombosis is rare, it can cause serious complications. Herein, we report a 40-year-old woman who developed acute PFO closure device-associated thrombus and was subsequently treated with slow infusion of low-dose tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (25 mg/6 h).

Case summary
A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of an cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated the presence of an ischaemic lesion in the right cerebellar infarct. Since no pathological finding was detected that could cause CVA, it was considered that there might be paradoxical embolism due to PFO. Percutaneous PFO closure was decided by the heart and brain team. The occluder was implanted under transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and fluoroscopy guidance. Although activated clotting time was 250 s, hypermobile acute thrombus measuring 11 × 5 mm was seen on the left atrial side of the PFO device. Slow infusion of low-dose t-PA treatment was given. As soon as after a single-dose t-PA, control TEE was performed and it was seen that almost the entire thrombus was lysed. The patient did not have any complications during the treatment period.

Discussion
Acute PFO device thrombosis is a rare but important complication. If there is no contraindication for lytic treatment in acutely developing large PFO device thrombosis, slow infusion of low-dose t-PA may be useful.
Colchicine prevents accelerated atherosclerosis in TET2-mutant clonal haematopoiesis
Authors: Zuriaga María A , Yu Zhi , Matesanz Nuria , Truong Buu , Ramos-Neble Beatriz L , Asensio-López Mari C , Uddin Md Mesbah , Nakao Tetsushi , Niroula Abhishek , Zorita Virginia , Amorós-Pérez Marta , Moro Rosa , Ebert Benjamin L , Honigberg Michael C , Pascual-Figal Domingo , Natarajan Pradeep , Fuster José J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Somatic mutations in the TET2 gene that lead to clonal haematopoiesis (CH) are associated with accelerated atherosclerosis development in mice and a higher risk of atherosclerotic disease in humans. Mechanistically, these observations have been linked to exacerbated vascular inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate whether colchicine, a widely available and inexpensive anti-inflammatory drug, prevents the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with TET2-mutant CH.

Methods
In mice, TET2-mutant CH was modelled using bone marrow transplantations in atherosclerosis-prone Ldlr−/− mice. Haematopoietic chimeras carrying initially 10% Tet2−/− haematopoietic cells were fed a high-cholesterol diet and treated with colchicine or placebo. In humans, whole-exome sequencing data and clinical data from 37 181 participants in the Mass General Brigham Biobank and 437 236 participants in the UK Biobank were analysed to examine the potential modifying effect of colchicine prescription on the relationship between CH and myocardial infarction.

Results
Colchicine prevented accelerated atherosclerosis development in the mouse model of TET2-mutant CH, in parallel with suppression of interleukin-1β overproduction in conditions of TET2 loss of function. In humans, patients who were prescribed colchicine had attenuated associations between TET2 mutations and myocardial infarction. This interaction was not observed for other mutated genes.

Conclusions
These results highlight the potential value of colchicine to mitigate the higher cardiovascular risk of carriers of somatic TET2 mutations in blood cells. These observations set the basis for the development of clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of precision medicine approaches tailored to the effects of specific mutations linked to CH.
Systemic inflammation and health outcomes in patients receiving treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mazhar Faizan , Faucon Anne-Laure , Fu Edouard L , Szummer Karolina E , Mathisen Jimmi , Gerward Sofia , Reuter Simon Bertram , Marx Nikolaus , Mehran Roxana , Carrero Juan-Jesus 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The burden and outcomes of inflammation in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are not well defined beyond the controlled settings of trials and research cohorts.

Methods
This was an observational study of ASCVD adults undergoing C-reactive protein testing in Stockholm’s healthcare (2007–21). After excluding C-reactive protein tests associated with acute illness or medications/conditions that bias C-reactive protein interpretation, systemic inflammation was evaluated over a 3-month ascertainment window. Determinants of C-reactive protein ≥ 2 mg/L were explored with logistic regression. C-reactive protein categories were compared via negative-binomial/Cox regression for subsequent healthcare resource utilization and occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalization, and death.

Results
A total of 84 399 ASCVD adults were included (46% female, mean age 71 years, 59% with C-reactive protein ≥ 2 mg/L). Female sex, older age, lower kidney function, albuminuria, diabetes, hypertension, and recent anaemia were associated with higher odds of C-reactive protein ≥ 2 mg/L. The use of renin–angiotensin system inhibitors, antiplatelets, and lipid-lowering therapy was associated with lower odds. Over a median of 6.4 years, compared with C-reactive protein &lt; 2 mg/L, patients with C-reactive protein ≥ 2 mg/L had higher rates of hospitalizations, days spent in hospital, outpatient consultations, and dispensed medications (P &lt; .05 for all). They also had a higher rate of major adverse cardiovascular events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27–1.33], heart failure (HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.20–1.30), and death (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.31–1.39). Results were consistent across subgroups and granular C-reactive protein categories and robust to the exclusion of extreme C-reactive protein values or early events.

Conclusions
Three in five adults with ASCVD have systemic inflammation, which is associated with excess healthcare resource utilization and increased rates of cardiovascular events and death.
Comprehensive analysis of substernal lead removal: experience from EV ICD Pilot, Pivotal, and Continued Access Studies
Authors: Sagi Venkata , Murgatroyd Francis , Boersma Lucas V A , Manlucu Jaimie , Knight Bradley P , Leclercq Christophe , Amin Anish , Birgersdotter-Green Ulrika Maria , Chan Joseph Yat Sun , Roukoz Henri , Biffi Mauro , Haqqani Haris , Denman Russell , Wiggenhorn Christopher , Holmes Thomas R , Lulic Thomas , Friedman Paul , Crozier Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aims
The extravascular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (EV ICD) has been shown to be safe and effective for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death, but little is known about EV ICD lead removal in humans. This analysis aimed to characterize the EV ICD lead removal experience thus far.

Methods and results
This was a retrospective analysis of lead removals from the EV ICD Pilot, Pivotal, and Continued Access Studies. Patients with a successful EV ICD implant who underwent lead removal were included. The main objective was lead removal success. Ancillary objectives included characterizing technique used, procedure complications, and reimplantation status. An EV ICD system was successfully implanted in 347 patients across the 3 studies (25.9% female; 53.4 ± 13.3 years; left ventricular ejection fraction: 39.7 ± 15.9). Of these patients, 29 (8.4%) underwent lead removal with a mean lead dwell time of 12.6 ± 14.3 months (0.2–58.4). The main reason for lead removal was lead dislodgement (n = 9, 31.0%). Lead removal was successful in 27/29 (93.1%) cases [100% (19/19) success rate &lt;1 year and 80% (8/10) success rate &gt;1 year post-implant]. Simple traction was used in 22/26 (84.6%) and extraction tools in 4/26 (15.4%) successful cases where technique was known. No complications were reported for any of the removal procedures. All 11 EV ICD reimplant attempts were successful.

Conclusion
Complete removal of the EV ICD lead was successful in 93.1% of cases, and simple traction was sufficient in most instances. Based on these results, lead removal from the substernal space was safe and achievable up to 3 years post-implant.
Dementia-focused programs in older adult centers and health care use among individuals with dementia
Authors: Akincigil Ayse , Bhagianadh Divya , Scher Clara J , Somerville Ceara , Coyle Caitlin , Pope Natalie E , Greenfield Emily A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
There is growing attention to community-based services for preventing adverse health care outcomes among people aging with dementia. We explored whether the availability of dementia-centered programming within older adult centers (ie, senior centers)—specifically, adult day services (ADS), social adult day centers (SADCs), memory cafes, and caregiver support—is associated with reduced hospitalization, emergency room use, and total Medicare costs for community-dwelling individuals ages 75 and older with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), and whether associations differ by the relative size of the local jurisdiction. We used a novel dataset that links Medicare claims data with data from an organizational census of municipally based Massachusetts older adult centers. Living in a community with an older adult center that facilitates access to ADS and/or SADCs was associated with reduced hospital utilization and costs among residents in smaller jurisdictions. We found no evidence for associations concerning memory cafes or support groups. These findings underscore the potential of older adult centers in curbing health care costs and acute care usage among individuals with ADRD, particularly in smaller communities with centers that provide access to ADS.
Eudaimonic media for social good: the influence of meaningful media experiences on connectedness and health persuasion
Authors: Duong Hue Trong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Emerging research suggests that entertainment media consumption may elicit meaningful emotions that can be leveraged for social good. This study combines theories of eudaimonic media and social identity to test the outward-focused mechanism explaining how meaningful media experiences might influence health persuasion outcomes. Two experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of meaningful media experiences in changing vaccine-hesitant individuals’ vaccination attitudes and intentions in the context of entertainment social media consumption and incidental exposure to vaccination messages embedded in user comments. Results showed that viewing meaningful music videos was associated with elevation, ingroup identification, and universal orientation. Elevation and ingroup identification mediated the association between media consumption and vaccination attitudes and intentions. Results offered theoretical and practical insights concerning the outward-focused mechanism underlying the impact of media-induced elevation on health persuasion.
Bone turnover, areal BMD, and bone microarchitecture by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in transfusion-dependent thalassemia
Authors: Das Liza , Khadwal Alka , Malhotra Pankaj , Ghosh Jayaditya , Dhiman Vandana , Sharma Vivek , Singhmar Shallu , Ahuja Chirag Kamal , Saikia Uma Nahar , Bhadada Sanjay Kumar , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Thalassemic osteopathy includes low bone mass and impaired bone microarchitecture. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of bone quantity (osteoporosis) and quality (microarchitecture) in a cohort of adult patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Patients with TDT (n = 63) and age- and BMI-matched controls (n = 63) were recruited in the study. Areal bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using DXA Hologic scanner. P1NP and β-CTX were estimated by electrochemiluminescence assay. Bone geometry and volumetric BMD (vBMD) were estimated by second-generation high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Bone turnover marker β-CTX was significantly lower in the TDT group, but there was no difference in P1NP levels. Low bone mass (Z ≤ −2) was present in greater proportion of patients both at lumbar spine (LS) (54 vs 0%; p = .001) and femoral neck (FN) (33 vs 8%; p = .001). Hypogonadism was associated with low BMD at FN (OR 10.0; 95% CI, 1.2–86; p = .01) and low hemoglobin with low BMD at LS (OR 1.58; 95% CI, 0.96–2.60; p = .07). The mean trabecular bone score was also significantly lower in patients compared with controls (1.261 ± 0.072 vs 1.389 ± 0.058). Total, cortical and trabecular vBMD were significantly lower in cases than controls. The trabecular number and cortical thickness were significantly lower and trabecular separation higher in cases than controls. Adults with TDT have significantly lower areal, cortical and trabecular vBMD. The bone microarchitecture is also significantly impaired in terms of lower number and wider spacing of trabeculae as well as lower cortical thickness and area at both radius and tibia.
Functional and evolutionary insights into chemosensation and specialized herbivory from the genome of the red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus (Cerambycidae: Lamiinae)
Authors: Adams Richard , Sylvester Terrence , Mitchell Robert F , Price Mathew A , Shen Rongrong , McKenna Duane D 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tetraopes are aposematic longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae) that feed primarily on toxic plants in the genus Asclepias (milkweeds). Studies of Tetraopes and their host plants have revealed compelling evidence for insect–plant coevolution and cospeciation. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genome of the common red milkweed beetle, Tetraopes tetrophthalmus, and explored gene content and evolution, focusing on annotated genes putatively involved in chemosensation, allelochemical detoxification, and phytophagy. Comparisons were made to the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) genome. The genome assembly comprised 779 Mb distributed across 1,057 contigs, with an N50 of 2.21 Mb and 13,089 putative genes, including 97.3% of expected single-copy orthologs. Manual curation identified 122 putative odorant receptors (OR) and 162 gustatory receptors (GR), the former number similar to A. glabripennis but the latter only 69% of the A. glabripennis suite. We also documented a greater percentage of pseudogenic GRs and ORs compared to A. glabripennis, suggesting an ongoing reduction in chemosensory function, perhaps related to host specialization. We found lower diversity within certain well-studied gene families predicted to encode putative plant cell wall degrading enzymes in the T. tetrophthalmus genome, perhaps also due to host specialization. Exploring genes relevant to stress and allelochemical detoxification revealed evidence of an abundance of ABC-family genes in the T. tetrophthalmus genome, which may be related to sequestering toxic cardiac glycosides. Our studies further illuminate the genomic basis and evolution of chemosensation in longhorn beetles and provide a new vantage point from which to explore the ecology and evolution of specialized plant-feeding in Tetraopes and other phytophagous beetles.
Understanding VA Maternity Care Coordinators Interactions and Collaboration With Primary Care Providers
Authors: Farkas Amy H , Bopp Katherine , Ndakuya-Fitzgerald Florine , Lopez Alexa A , Haeger Kristin O , Whittle Jeffrey , Mu Qiyan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Maternal morbidity is higher among the Veteran population in part because of high rates of chronic medical and mental health conditions. To improve care for pregnant Veterans, the Department of Veteran Affairs created the position of the Maternity Care Coordinator (MCC) to provide care coordination during a Veteran’s pregnancy. Maternity Care Coordinators must work with primary care providers (PCPs); yet, little is known about their collaboration and interaction. The objective of this work is to better understand how MCCs interact with PCPs.

Method
Between March and May of 2021, we conducted qualitative interviews with 30 MCCs using a semi-structured interview guide to learn about their role and interactions with PCPs.

Results
We identified 3 main themes in interactions between MCCs and PCPs, which correlated to times during the Veteran’s pregnancy: initial interactions, care coordination during the pregnancy, and end of pregnancy transitions of care. Most MCCs indicated a positive and collaborative relationship with PCPs. There was significant variability in how closely MCCs worked with PCPs. MCCs reported that PCPs were not always comfortable caring for pregnant Veterans.

Discussion
Although MCCs generally indicated a positive and collaborative interaction with PCPs, our data suggest that there are opportunities to improve communication between PCPs and MCCs and to educate PCPs on knowledge of maternity benefits, the role of the MCC, and how to care for pregnant and postpartum Veterans. The Veteran Affairs MCC can also serve as a model for other health systems aiming to improve care coordinator among pregnant patients.