bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Tracks in the Western North Pacific through Data Mining. Part I: Tropical Cyclone Recurvature
Authors: Zhang Wei , Leung Yee , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper is the first of a two-part series of papers that employs the data-mining approach to analyze tropical cyclone (TC) movement in the western North Pacific Ocean. Part I unravels conditions under which TCs tend to recurve, and Part II uncovers conditions leading to TCs making landfall. Here in Part I, a detailed study is carried out into TC recurvature over the South China Sea and western North Pacific. The investigation focuses on the unraveling of rules governing TC recurvature hidden in TC data. The historical TC track database comprises recurving TCs and straight movers. Potential parameters affecting TC recurvature are categorized into three groups: large-scale circulation, circulations surrounding TCs, and variables characterizing TCs. The tree construction algorithm, C4.5, is applied to classify recurving and straight-moving TCs. Parameters measuring large-scale circulation patterns and characterizing TCs play significant roles in building the classification tree. Altogether, 18 rules are discovered from the processed database. Most of the 18 rules can be explained by existing theories and are supported by various empirical findings on TC recurvatures. Rules governing TC recurvature discovered by the present study contain quantitative descriptions of factors such as composite wind fields, geopotential heights, and deep-layer mean winds that are essential to the understanding, interpretation, and prediction of TC recurvatures.
Validation of the ATSR Reprocessing for Climate (ARC) Dataset Using Data from Drifting Buoys and a Three-Way Error Analysis
Authors: Lean Katie , Saunders Roger W. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (ATSR) Reprocessing for Climate (ARC) project aims to create an independent climate data record of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) covering recent decades that can be used for climate change analysis. Here, the ARC SSTs are assessed using comparisons with collocated drifting buoy observations and a three-way error analysis that also includes Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) data. The SSTs using the three-channel nighttime retrievals in the ARC data at 1-m depth are found to have a warm bias of 0.054 K (standard deviation 0.151 K) with respect to the drifting buoy data for the 1995–2009 time period using ATSR-2 and Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) instrument data. However, when studying the two-channel retrievals, the ATSR-1 data are found to be less stable and with more extreme values than in later years. Some dependence on latitude, season, and fields such as total column water vapor is found in the ATSR-2 and AATSR period. An assessment of the ARC SST uncertainty shows a stable bias for low uncertainty values but more deviation above 0.6 and 0.35 K for the two- and three-channel nighttime retrievals, respectively. The three-way error analysis reveals a standard deviation of error of 0.14 K for the ARC 1-m depth SSTs using the three-channel nighttime retrieval. Estimates of the standard deviation of error for the drifting buoys are also produced and show evidence of improvement in the buoy network in the years 2003–09 from 0.19 to 0.15 K.
Comparison of Cloud Properties from Ground-Based Infrared Cloud Measurement and Visual Observations
Authors: Liu Lei , Sun Xue-jin , Gao Tai-chang , Zhao Shi-jun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Cloud properties derived from the whole-sky infrared cloud-measuring system (WSIRCMS) are analyzed in relation to measurements of visual observations and a ceilometer during the period July–August 2010 at the Chinese Meteorological Administration Yangjiang Station, Guangdong Province, China. The comparison focuses on the performance and features of the WSIRCMS as a prototype instrument for automatic cloud observations. Cloud cover derived from the WSIRCMS cloud algorithm compares quite well with cloud cover derived from visual observations. Cloud cover differences between WSIRCMS and visual observations are within ±1 octa in 70.83% and within ±2 octa in 82.44% of the cases. For cloud-base height from WSIRCMS data and Vaisala ceilometer CL51, the comparison shows a generally good correspondence in the lower and midtroposphere up to the height of about 6 km, with some systematic difference due to different detection methods. Differences between the resulting cloud-type classifications derived from the WSIRCMS and from visual observations show that cumulus and cirrus are classified with high accuracy, but that stratocumulus and altocumulus are not. Stratocumulus and altocumulus are suggested to be treated as waveform cloud for classification purposes. In addition, it is considered an intractable problem for automatic cloud-measurement instruments to do cloud classification when the cloud amount is less than 2 octa.
Clinical Examination of Plantar Plate Abnormality
Authors: Klein Erin E. , Weil Lowell , Weil Lowell Scott , Coughlin Michael J. , Knight Jessica 
Published: January 2013

Background: Plantar plate tears can cause pain and deformity in the forefoot but are frequently missed on initial examination. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the diagnostic statistics of common clinical examination parameters using observed intraoperative abnormality as the referenced standard. Methods: Medical records of 90 patients (109 feet) who underwent a plantar plate repair were reviewed for the presence and onset of pain, plantar edema, instability of the second metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint (drawer sign), pain with range of motion of the lesser MTP joint, first MTP joint range of motion, crossover toes, previous first ray surgery, and previous corticosteroid injections. Clinical examination findings were compared with intraoperative findings. Diagnostic statistics were calculated. Results: Parameters with a high sensitivity (greater than 80%) were gradual onset of pain (93%), previous first ray surgery (100%), pain at the second metatarsal head (98%), edema at the second metatarsal head (95.8%), and a positive drawer sign (80.6%). High specificity (greater than 80%) was found for a positive drawer test (99.8%) and crossover toes (88.9%). Parameters with odds ratios greater than 1 were gradual onset of pain (1.104), pain at the second metatarsal head (6.125), edema at the second metatarsal head (2.875), and a positive drawer sign (1.389). Conclusion: Ninety-five percent of patients with a plantar plate tear presented with a gradual onset of forefoot pain, edema, and a positive drawer sign. A comprehensive clinical examination can heighten the suspicion for plantar plate tears when the data are interpreted correctly. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective, diagnostic.
Thrombin generation and whole blood viscoelastic assays in the management of hemophilia: current state of art and future perspectives
Authors: Young Guy , Sørensen Benny , Dargaud Yesim , Negrier Claude , Brummel-Ziedins Kathleen , Key Nigel S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHemophilia is a bleeding disorder that afflicts about 1 in 5000 males. Treatment relies upon replacement of the deficient factor, and response to treatment both in clinical research and practice is based upon subjective parameters such as pain and joint mobility. Existing laboratory assays quantify the amount of factor in plasma, which is useful diagnostically and prognostically. However, these assays are limited in their ability to fully evaluate the patient’s clot-forming capability. Newer assays, known as global assays, provide a far more detailed view of thrombin generation and clot formation and have been studied in hemophilia for about 10 years. They have the potential to offer a more objective measure of both the hemophilic phenotype as well as the response to treatment. In particular, in patients who develop inhibitors to deficient clotting factors and in whom bypassing agents are required for hemostasis, these assays offer the opportunity to determine the laboratory response to these interventions where traditional coagulation assays cannot. In this article we review the existing literature and discuss several controversial issues surrounding the assays. Last, a vision of future clinical uses of these assays is briefly described.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce defective LFA-1–directed T-cell motility by altering Rho GTPase signaling that is reversible with lenalidomide
Authors: Ramsay Alan G. , Evans Rachel , Kiaii Shahryar , Svensson Lena , Hogg Nancy , Gribben John G. 
Published: January 2013

Key Points
CLL cells induce defects in T-cell LFA-1–mediated migration by altering Rho GTPase activation signaling, downregulating RhoA and Rac1, and upregulating Cdc42. Lenalidomide repairs these T-cell defects by restoring normal Rho GTPase activation signaling.
Anti–protamine-heparin antibodies: incidence, clinical relevance, and pathogenesis
Authors: Bakchoul Tamam , Zöllner Heike , Amiral Jean , Panzer Simon , Selleng Sixten , Kohlmann Thomas , Brandt Sven , Delcea Mihaela , Warkentin Theodore E. , Sachs Ulrich J. , Greinacher Andreas 
Published: January 2013

Key PointsImmunization against protamine/heparin complexes was frequently observed in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Platelet-activating anti–protamine-heparin antibodies are a potential risk factor for early postoperative thrombosis and thrombocytopenia.
Steerable-filter based quantification of axonal populations at the developing optic chiasm reveal significant defects in Slit2 −/− as well as Slit1 −/− Slit2 −/− embryos
Authors: Down Matthew , Willshaw David A , Pratt Thomas , Price David J 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the axon guidance proteins Slit1 and Slit2 co-operate to establish the optic chiasm in its correct position at the ventral diencephalic midline. This is based on the observation that, although both Slit1 and Slit2 are expressed around the ventral midline, mice defective in either gene alone exhibit few or no axon guidance defects at the optic chiasm whereas embryos lacking both Slit1 and Slit2 develop a large additional chiasm anterior to the chiasm’s normal position. Here we used steerable-filters to quantify key properties of the population of axons at the chiasm in wild-type,Slit1−/−,Slit2−/−andSlit1−/−Slit2−/−embryos.ResultsWe applied the steerable-filter algorithm successfully to images of embryonic retinal axons labelled from a single eye shortly after they have crossed the midline. We combined data from multiple embryos of the same genotype and made statistical comparisons of axonal distributions, orientations and curvatures between genotype groups. We compared data from the analysis of axons with data on the expression ofSlit1andSlit2.The results showed a misorientation and a corresponding anterior shift in the position of many axons at the chiasm of bothSlit2−/−andSlit1−/−Slit2−/−mutants. There were very few axon defects at the chiasm ofSlit1−/−mutants.ConclusionsWe found defects of the chiasms ofSlit1−/−Slit2−/−andSlit1−/−mutants similar to those reported previously. In addition, we discovered previously unreported defects resulting from loss of Slit2 alone. This indicates the value of a quantitative approach to complex pathway analysis and shows that Slit2 can act alone to control aspects of retinal axon routing across the ventral diencephalic midline.
A survey-based study of knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease among health care staff
Authors: Smyth Wendy , Fielding Elaine , Beattie Elizabeth , Gardner Anne , Moyle Wendy , Franklin Sara , Hines Sonia , MacAndrew Margaret 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Continued aging of the population is expected to be accompanied by substantial increases in the number of people with dementia and in the number of health care staff required to care for them. Adequate knowledge about dementia among health care staff is important to the quality of care delivered to this vulnerable population. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge about dementia across a range of health care staff in a regional health service district.

Methods
Knowledge levels were investigated via the validated 30-item Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS). All health service district staff with e-mail access were invited to participate in an online survey. Knowledge levels were compared across demographic categories, professional groups, and by whether the respondent had any professional or personal experience caring for someone with dementia. The effect of dementia-specific training or education on knowledge level was also evaluated.

Results
A diverse staff group (N = 360), in terms of age, professional group (nursing, medicine, allied health, support staff) and work setting from a regional health service in Queensland, Australia responded. Overall knowledge about Alzheimer’s disease was of a generally moderate level with significant differences being observed by professional group and whether the respondent had any professional or personal experience caring for someone with dementia. Knowledge was lower for some of the specific content domains of the ADKS, especially those that were more medically-oriented, such as ‘risk factors’ and ‘course of the disease.’ Knowledge was higher for those who had experienced dementia-specific training, such as attendance at a series of relevant workshops.

Conclusions
Specific deficits in dementia knowledge were identified among Australian health care staff, and the results suggest dementia-specific training might improve knowledge. As one piece of an overall plan to improve health care delivery to people with dementia, this research supports the role of introducing systematic dementia-specific education or training.
Comparative proteomic analysis implicates eEF2 as a novel target of PI3Kγ in the MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cell line
Authors: Niu Meizhi , Klingler-Hoffmann Manuela , Brazzatti Julie A , Forbes Briony , Akekawatchai Chareeporn , Hoffmann Peter , McColl Shaun R 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundCancer cell migration is fundamentally required for breast tumour invasion and metastasis. The insulin-like growth factor 1 tyrosine kinase receptor (IGF-1R) and the chemokine G-protein coupled receptor, CXCR4 have been shown to play an important role in breast cancer metastasis. Our previous study has shown that IGF-1R can transactivate CXCR4 via a physical association in the human MDA-MB-231 metastatic breast cancer cell line and that this plays a key role in IGF-I-induced migration of these cells. In the present study we used pharmacological inhibition and RNAi to identify PI3Kγ as an important migration signalling molecule downstream of receptor transactivation in MDA-MB-231 cells. To identify PI3Kγ-regulated proteins upon transactivation of CXCR4 by IGF-I, we undertook a comparative proteomics approach using 2-D- Fluorescence Difference Gel Electrophoresis (DIGE) and identified the proteins by mass spectrometry.ResultsThese experiments identified eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) as a novel downstream target of PI3Kγ after activation of the IGF-1R-CXCR4 heterodimer by IGF-I. Further analysis demonstrated that eEF2 is phosphorylated in MDA-MB-231 cells in response to IGF-I and that this is dependent on PI3Kγ activity.ConclusionsOur data imply a novel role for PI3Kγ in facilitating cell migration by regulating phosphorylation of eEF2.
CDK-associated Cullin 1 can promote cell proliferation and inhibit cisplatin-induced apoptosis in the AGS gastric cancer cell line
Authors: Zheng Qi , Zhao Ling-Yu , Kong Ying , Nan Ke-Jun , Yao Yu , Liao Zi-Jun 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Gastric cancer is a common and highly lethal malignancy in the world, but its pathogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we focus on the biological functions of CDK-associated Cullin1 (CAC1), a novel gene of the cullin family, in gastric cancer, which may help us to further understand the origin of this malignancy.

Methods
The AGS and MGC803 gastric cancer cell lines and the GES-1 gastric mucosa cell line were selected for study. At first, CAC1 expressions of those cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot examinations, then CAC1 small interfering RNA (CAC1-siRNA) were designed and transfected into the AGS cell line with a relatively high level of CAC1. Once CAC1 was silenced, a series of biological characteristics of AGS cells such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and expressions of apoptosis-related genes (P53, BCL2 and BAX) were determined by MTT, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively.

Results

CAC1 expression of AGS or MGC803 was much higher than that of GES-1. After CAC1 expression was effectively depressed by RNA interference in AGS cells, significant cell growth inhibition occurred. Furthermore, the proportion of cells treated with CAC1-siRNA increased in the G1 phase and decreased in the S phase, indicative of G1 cell cycle arrest. More importantly, the proportions of early/late apoptosis in AGS cells were enhanced with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin, CDDP) treatment, but to a higher extent with cisplatin plus CAC1-siRNA. Interestingly, BCL2 mRNA copies showed about a 30% decrease in the cisplatin group, but dropped by around 60% in the cisplatin plus CAC1-siRNA group. Conversely, the P53 mRNA expressions obtained nearly a two-fold increase in the cisplatin group, in addition to a five-fold increase in the cisplatin plus CAC1-siRNA group, and the BAX mRNA levels had almost a two- and four-fold augmentation, respectively. Meanwhile, P53, BAX and BCL2 showed the same alteration patterns in western blot examinations.

Conclusions

CAC1 can promote cell proliferation in the AGS gastric cancer cell line. Moreover, it can prevent AGS cells from experiencing cisplatin-induced apoptosis via modulating expressions of P53, BCL2 and BAX.
Well-integrated ZnO nanorod arrays on conductive textiles by electrochemical synthesis and their physical properties
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Kim Myung Sub , Park Wook , Yu Jae Su 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe reported well-integrated zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays (NRAs) on conductive textiles (CTs) and their structural and optical properties. The integrated ZnO NRAs were synthesized by cathodic electrochemical deposition on the ZnO seed layer-coated CT substrate in ultrasonic bath. The ZnO NRAs were regularly and densely grown as well as vertically aligned on the overall surface of CT substrate, in comparison with the grown ZnO NRAs without ZnO seed layer or ultrasonication. Additionally, their morphologies and sizes can be efficiently controlled by changing the external cathodic voltage between the ZnO seed-coated CT substrate and the counter electrode. At an external cathodic voltage of −2 V, the photoluminescence property of ZnO NRAs was optimized with good crystallinity and high density.
Biological and therapeutic effects of ortho-silicic acid and some ortho-silicic acid-releasing compounds: New perspectives for therapy
Authors: Jurkić Lela Munjas , Cepanec Ivica , Pavelić Sandra Kraljević , Pavelić Krešimir 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element present in the Earth's crust besides oxygen. However, the exact biological roles of silicon remain unknown. Moreover, the ortho-silicic acid (H4SiO4), as a major form of bioavailable silicon for both humans and animals, has not been given adequate attention so far. Silicon has already been associated with bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, skin, hair and nails health atherosclerosis, Alzheimer disease, immune system enhancement, and with some other disorders or pharmacological effects. Beside the ortho-silicic acid and its stabilized formulations such as choline chloride-stabilized ortho-silicic acid and sodium or potassium silicates (e.g. M2SiO3; M= Na,K), the most important sources that release ortho-silicic acid as a bioavailable form of silicon are: colloidal silicic acid (hydrated silica gel), silica gel (amorphous silicon dioxide), and zeolites. Although all these compounds are characterized by substantial water insolubility, they release small, but significant, equilibrium concentration of ortho-silicic acid (H4SiO4) in contact with water and physiological fluids. Even though certain pharmacological effects of these compounds might be attributed to specific structural characteristics that result in profound adsorption and absorption properties, they all exhibit similar pharmacological profiles readily comparable to ortho-silicic acid effects. The most unusual ortho-silicic acid-releasing agents are certain types of zeolites, a class of aluminosilicates with well described ion(cation)-exchange properties. Numerous biological activities of some types of zeolites documented so far might probably be attributable to the ortho-silicic acid-releasing property. In this review, we therefore discuss biological and potential therapeutic effects of ortho-silicic acid and ortho-silicic acid -releasing silicon compounds as its major natural sources.
Copy number gain of MYCN gene is a recurrent genetic aberration and favorable prognostic factor in Chinese pediatric neuroblastoma patients
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhou Chunju , Cai Rongqin , Li Yong , Gong Liping 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
Amplification of MYCN oncogene is an established marker indicating aggressive tumor progression of neuroblastoma (NBL). But copy number analyses of MYCN gene in ganglioneuroblastoma (GNBL) and ganglioneuroma(GN) is poorly described in the literature. In the study, we evaluated the copy number aberrations of MYCN gene in clinical samples of NBLs, GNBLs and GNs and analyzed their association with clinical outcome of the patients.

Methods
In this study, we analyzed MYCN gene and chromosome 2 aneusomy by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method in a total of 220 patients with NBL, GNBL and GN cases. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated by using SPSS 12.0 software.

Results
Of 220 patients, 178 (81.0%) were NBLs, 32 (14.5%) were GNBLs and 10 (4.5%) were GNs. MYCN gain is a recurrent genetic aberration of neuroblastic tumors (71.8%, 158/220), which was found in 129 NBLs (58.6%, 129/220), 25 GNBLs (11.4%, 25/220) and 4 GN cases (1.8%, 4/220). However, MYCN amplification was only present in 24 NBL tumors (13.5%, 24/178) and 1 GNBL case (3.1%, 1/32). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that MYCN amplification is significantly correlated with decreased overall survival in NBLs (P=0.017). Furthermore, a better prognosis trend was observed in patients with MYCN gain tumors compared with those with MYCN gene normal copy number tumors and MYCN amplification tumors (P=0.012).

Conclusions
In summary, the frequency of MYCN amplification in NBLs is high and is rarely observed in GNBLs and GNs, which suggest MYCN plays an important role in neuroblastic tumors differentiation. MYCN gain appeared to define a subgroup of NBLs with much better outcome and classification of MYCN gene copy number alteration as three groups (amplification, gain and normal) can provide a powerful prognostic indicator in NBLs.

Virtual Slides
The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6417541528559124