bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth inhibition of P. aeruginosa by methanol extract of Bridelia stipularis and identification of active components using in silico studies
Authors: Sini A. , Bindu T. K. , Raphael Vinod P. , Shaju K. S. , Sebastian Sherry 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Antimicrobial resistance among pathogens is an emerging problem, gaining significant importance recently. Pharmaceutical scientists are constantly exploring innovative and effective antibacterial agents. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a bacterium primarily responsible for pneumonia and infections in the liver, kidneys, and other body parts. It is a Gram-negative bacterium that can be controlled by antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. However, this pathogen sometimes exhibits resistance to these antibacterial agents.

Methods
Recognizing the well-known potential of plants as sources of medicinal compounds, our study focused on the ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extract of the leaves of Bridelia stipularis and its impact on the growth of P. aeruginosa using well diffusion method. To gain insight into the composition of the extract, we conducted GC–MS analysis. After identifying the components present in the extract, we assessed the drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) and conducted docking studies of the molecules with the selected structural receptors of P. aeruginosa to find out the active component present in the extract.

Results
Remarkably, only methanol extract of Bridelia stipularis demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against this pathogen. In silico investigations revealed that two compounds, namely ethyl iso-allocholate and toluene sulfonylhydrazone derivative, exhibited high inhibition potencies. All structural receptors of the pathogen taken for this study were well inhibited by ethyl iso-allocholate while the receptors such as laconizing lipase and penicillin-binding protein of the bacterium were bound well with the 4-phenyl-3-penten-2-one p-toluene sulfonylhydrazone.

Conclusions
Observations of this study clearly establish that the two phytochemicals present in the methanolic extract, i.e., ethyl iso-allocholate and toluene sulfonylhydrazone derivative of Bridelia stipularis leaves are highly active against the growth of the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa.

Graphical abstract
Assessing the acceptance of cultural policies among heritage homeowners: a study of Ahmedabad’s heritage TDR implementation, capacity building, and satisfaction
Authors: Routh Rajdeep , Bhavsar Dhruma 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the influence of the Heritage Transfer of Development Rights (HTDR) among heritage property owners and explores how its successful implementation has been hampered based on the study of two indicators—policy awareness and implementation efficiency—which are vital for generating initial interest among stakeholders and leading them to use the policy.The HTDR policy at Ahmedabad, introduced in 2015 as an incentive program supporting the conservation of privately owned properties within the old city of Ahmedabad, has failed to generate much interest among the local community. As per the documents available online on the website of Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, in the last 9 years, only 81 properties with TDR certificates. It is thus very pertinent to identify the reasons for its lack of influence and acceptance. In this study, a mixed method was adopted involving a closed-ended survey and semi structured interviews. The inferences are based on the responses gathered from heritage property owners currently living in heritage properties and those living elsewhere. The heritage properties were identified based on a random sampling method from the listed heritage properties spread across the 13 wards of the walled city. Based on the research findings, although most property owners are aware of the HTDR policy and find it an essential tool for conserving heritage in Ahmedabad, awareness of the whole mechanism and application process is significantly limited.The implementation of the HTDR policy is highly inefficient, and more awareness must be generated among owners. Moreover, more training or technical assistance needs to be provided to them to help them access the incentive program. The lack of a proper and comprehensible policy brief or document further hinders the situation. Overall, property owners are not completely satisfied with the HTDR policy and suggest critical revisions, such as reducing the file clearance time, calculating a new TDR amount, and modifying the stages of fund disbursement.
Outcome of novel combination of graphene nanoparticles and Moringa methyl ester fueled engine working under varying loads and compression ratios
Authors: Das Akkur Neele Gowda Mohan , Riyazuddin Haseebuddin Mohammad , Nagaraj Shreyas , Hebbal Umamaheshwar , Siddesh Jatin , Kamath Aditya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe widespread use of petroleum products in modern times has led to a search for alternative resources. Biofuel is a promising alternative to petroleum fuel, but biodiesel has a lower calorific value and is slightly more denser than diesel. To address this, a novel combination of GNA emulsified MME20 fuel is being investigated. This study aims to analyze the impact of a novel Nano additive blended biodiesel on engine performance and optimize the best compression ratio for the selected blend. The novelty of the study lies in the production of novel GNA emulsified MME fuel and its influence on a conventional CI engine. To achieve the objectives of the study, MME was produced using a two-phase transesterification method, and GNA was added to the MME20 at concentrations of 30, 60, and 90 ppm using the ultrasonication method. Engine experiments were then conducted using the prepared samples at CRs of 16, 17.5, and 19, and the results were compared with the standard diesel and MME20 blend. The results showed that the CP of the MME20 + GNA30 fuel at a CR 19 revealed a 14% increase compared to diesel. The ID of the fuel decreased by 20% compared to diesel at CR19, and there was a 23.5% increase in the CD for the MME20 + GNA30 blend compared to diesel at CR19. The BTHE for the MME20 + GNA30 fuel showed increases of 2.64% and BSFC and EGT decreases of 3.6% and 3.9%, respectively, at CR19 compared to the other blends. In summary, the study found that MME20 with GNA30, along with VCR, significantly enhanced the engine attributes compared to the pure diesel-operated standard CI engine conditions.
Correlation between worsening pneumonitis and right ventricular systolic function in critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Lashin Hazem , Aron Jonathan , Lee Shaun , Fletcher Nick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The pneumonitis associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection impacts the right ventricle (RV). However, the association between the disease severity and right ventricular systolic function needs elucidation.

Method
We conducted a retrospective study of 108 patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19 pneumonitis to examine the association between tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) by transthoracic echocardiography as a surrogate for RV systolic function with PaO2/FiO2 ratio as a marker of disease severity and other respiratory parameters.

Results
The median age was 59 years [51, 66], 33 (31%) were female, and 63 (58%) were mechanically ventilated. Echocardiography was performed at a median of 3 days [2, 12] following admission to critical care. The PaO2/FiO2 and TAPSE medians were 20.5 [14.4, 32.0] and 21 mm [18, 24]. There was a statistically significant, albeit weak, association between the increase in TAPSE and the worsening of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (r2 = 0.041, p = 0.04). This association was more pronounced in the mechanically ventilated (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.02). TAPSE did not correlate significantly with FiO2, PaO2, PaCO2, pH, respiratory rate, or mechanical ventilation. Patients with a TAPSE ≥ 17 mm had a considerably worse PaO2/FiO2 ratio than a TAPSE < 17 mm (18.6 vs. 32.1, p = 0.005). The PaO2/FiO2 ratio predicted TAPSE (OR = 0.94, p = 0.004) with good area under the curve (0.72, p = 0.006). Moreover, a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 26.7 (moderate pneumonitis) predicted TAPSE > 17 mm with reasonable sensitivity (67%) and specificity (68%).

Conclusion
In patients admitted to critical care with COVID-19 pneumonitis, TAPSE increased as the disease severity worsened early in the course of the disease, especially in the mechanically ventilated. A TAPSE within the normal range is not necessarily reassuring in early COVID-19 pneumonitis.
Digital Interventions to reduce hospitalization and hospital readmission for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient: systematic review
Authors: Mishra Vineet , Stuckler David , McNamara Courtney L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The high readmission rate following chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has created a significant global health challenge, with high healthcare costs and a growing burden of care. Digital interventions, including telemonitoring, Telehealth, web, or mobile-based, can address these challenges, but there has yet to be a systematic review of the impact of digital interventions on reducing hospital readmission for patients with COPD. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of digital interventions in lowering hospitalization and rehospitalization for patients with COPD.

Methods
We conducted a systematic literature search from PubMed and Scopus to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English with outcomes related to hospital admission or readmission within 30 days of hospital discharge.

Results
The search and selection process followed PRISMA guidelines and resulted in a final sample of 12 RCTs. We found mixed results. Of the 12 included studies, only four studies [mobile-based (n=1), Telehealth (n=1), Telemonitoring (n=2)] found positive effect of a digital intervention on hospital readmission. Seven studies [mobile-based (n=1), Telehealth (n=1), Telemonitoring (n=3), Web-based (n=2)] did not demonstrate clear evidence of a significant reduction in hospitalization rate. Based on these findings, the primary factors contributing to the outcome variation were differences in intervention components used and their operator, COPD severity, patient age, and sample size.

Conclusions
Systematic review provides the first insight into the impact of digital intervention on hospital readmission among patients with COPD . While some studies showed positive results, the evidence is mixed, and further research is needed. COVID-19 has accelerated the use of digital intervention and created the opportunity for comprehensive research and investigation with more updated information and further impact on readmission.
Isolating and Characterizing the Translatome From Human Alzheimer's Disease (AD) Brains
Authors: Ali Bangash Muhammad , Lin Julie Qiaojin 
Published: August 2024

AimsLocal protein synthesis at the synapse is a key determinant of learning and memory and is predicted to be severely disrupted in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Omics approaches have played a key role in deciphering molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathology. However, isolating the transcriptome may be biased due to inherent variations in transcript levels, or by transcription-on-demand models employed by several genes, whereas mass-spec based proteomics approaches fail to capture low abundance peptides. The translatome bypasses these inherent limitations of other omics methods by capturing actively translating mRNA species trapped inside ribosomes and subjecting them to unbiased RNA-seq analysis capturing even very low abundance transcripts.MethodsIsolating the neuronal ribosomes from human post-mortem brains without interference from non-neuronal cells remains a challenge. We used frozen brain tissue from Alzheimer's patients and healthy controls obtained from the Cambridge Brain Biobank. Synaptoneurosomal fractions were prepared using sucrose gradients in non-denaturing buffers with RNAse inhibitors to preserve ribosomal composition and trapped mRNA. We isolated functional ribosomes on affinity columns following recombinant RNAse digestion. Finally, actively translating ribosome-trapped mRNAs were sequenced using RNA-seq, aligned to human genome using STAR alignment and analysed for differential expression using DeSeq2 followed by pathway analysis.ResultsWe have successfully isolated ribosome-associated RNA transcripts in the dendritic spines from cortical neurons of postmortem Alzheimer's brains with little interference from glial and non-neuronal material. The novel AD translatome disruptions identified by isolating endogenous ribosome bound mRNA will help detect downstream molecular targets. We will also integrate targeted translatome data with published transcriptome and GWAS DNA variant data to identify novel biomarkers.ConclusionThis is the first successful isolation of the dendritic translatome from human postmortem AD brains. Future studies will verify functional significance of key targets using gain- and loss-of-function studies in animal models of AD and human iPSCs.
Stakeholders’ Experience of Postpartum Psychosis Recovery in UK Mother and Baby Units: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework
Authors: Barry Jillian 
Published: August 2024

Aims•Identify themes in experience of Postpartum Psychosis (PP) recovery in Mother and Baby Units (MBUs) from the perspective of mothers, partners and MBU professionals.•Develop a Conceptual Framework of recovery from PP in the MBU setting.MethodsSystematic review using published and unpublished literature identified through database searches and grey literature sources. A narrative synthesis approach was taken and used to form a Conceptual Framework of recovery from PP in the MBU setting.ResultsFour databases were searched, yielding 8 includable studies. A further 3 grey literature sources met the inclusion criteria. Most of the sources focussed on the womens' experience of recovery.Stakeholders experienced MBUs as providing a positive therapeutic milieu for recovery. The broad themes identified for improvement encompassed: knowledge of PP, accessibility of services and discharge practises.ConclusionThis review provides valuable insights into the experience of recovery from PP within UK MBUs from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders. Areas for improvement identified include antenatal education on PP, knowledge of PP amongst non-specialist healthcare professionals, partner involvement in care, and discharge processes.The outcomes of this review have the potential to shape the design, implementation, and expansion of MBUs and their practices both nationally and internationally.
An fMRI Based Study of the Neural Correlates of OCD Sub-Types
Authors: Chahal Shagun , Sharan Pratap , Kumaran Senthil , Hans Gagan 
Published: August 2024

Aims1.To study the neural correlates of OCD using functional MRI.2.To compare the neural correlates of the pure washer dimension of OCD with other dimensions of OCD and healthy controls.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional, case-control study conducted from 2018 to 2021. OCD patients were recruited with purposive sampling from outpatient attendance at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi following the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were divided into two groups i.e. washing sub-type and non-washing/other sub-type based on dimensional YBOCS score. The healthy control group consisted of age and sex-matched healthy individuals. Each group had 10 individuals. The participants underwent functional MRI with resting fMRI and activation task-based MRI. Activation tasks included a cognitive task i.e. Stroop test and an affective task which included trigger words for OCD tailored according to the patient's triggers for OCD.The results were studied for significance within a group and also compared among the three groups and between OCD patients and healthy controls as well.ResultsIn OCD-specific task using trigger words, the right frontal gyrus, right medial frontal gyrus, and left cingulate gyrus showed hyperactivation in the washer OCD subtype group. After correction for family-wise error, p-FWE (<0.05) corrected < 0.05, there was so significant result. The non-washing subtype had no significant areas of activity on the OCD specific task.But the combined OCD patient group (compared with controls), had hypoactivation of the right inferior frontal gyrus and fusiform gyrus at p-unc (<0.001) in the OCD task.In the Incongruent part of the Stroop task, the non-washer subtype had hypoactivation of the right caudate body compared with healthy controls at p-FWE (<0.05).In the congruent Stroop task, washer OCD subtype, the right insula was found to be hyperactive at p-FWE (<0.05).ConclusionPrevious studies comparing activation on cognitive tasks in OCD patients and healthy controls have revealed differences in CSTC circuits as well as cerebellum and parietal areas. The washing symptom dimension is associated with insular hyperactivity in both emotional and cognitive tasks. It is associated with stimuli related to disgust. The role of the insula is being researched in functions like attention and response inhibition. Our study, with all its limitations, could replicate the insular findings in washing-subtype of OCD. With a better sample size, we may be able to explore further the findings that have not attained levels of significance in our study.
Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Impact on Mental Health Outcomes in Adolescents and Adults With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chavda Seetal , Sarwar Amina , Batchelor-Parry Holly , Pankhania Kishan , Upthegrove Rachel 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe Mediterranean diet has shown to improve mental health outcomes in people with depressive disorder. However, little is known of the impact of the Mediterranean diet on severe mental illness. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of a Mediterranean diet on mental health and quality of life outcomes in adolescents and adults with severe mental illness (as defined by schizophrenia spectrum disorders, at risk mental states for psychosis, bipolar affective disorder and severe depression with psychosis).MethodsThe following databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE and EMBASE via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, PsychInfo via ProQuest, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov, using relevant subject headings and free text search terms to encompass severe mental illness and the Mediterranean diet. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were completed by two independent reviewers. Eligible study designs included randomised controlled trials, other non-controlled or controlled interventional or experimental studies, cohort studies, case-control studies and cross-sectional studies that included adults and adolescents. The search was not limited to a specific time frame or language. The Mediterranean diet and mental health and quality of life outcomes were defined by primary paper author definitions.ResultsThirteen eligible studies were identified: 4 interventional, 2 cohort, 2 case-control and 4 cross-sectional studies and 1 mixed methods (interventional and observational) study. Diagnoses in most studies were psychotic illness, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar affective disorder and depression with psychosis. There was a lack of studies found that included adolescents or participants with at-risk mental states for psychosis. A range of Mediterranean diet adherence scoring systems were used across studies, indicating a notable heterogeneity in the way adherence was evaluated. Most studies included other lifestyle exposures or interventions alongside the Mediterranean diet. There was a marked heterogeneity between studies in how mental health and quality of life outcomes were assessed. Although there was an overall trend towards improved mental health or quality of life outcomes in some studies, others reported no change or a negative association with the dietary/lifestyle exposure or intervention.ConclusionThe association between Mediterranean diet adherence and mental health outcomes and quality of life in adults and adolescents with severe mental illness remains inconsistent. Lifestyle-based interventions for the treatment of mental illness are cost-effective and relatively easy to implement with less concern about side effects. Therefore, this area requires further research.
Integrating Spirituality Into Mental Health Care
Authors: Barber Joanna , Cook Christopher 
Published: August 2024

AimsTo find how best to integrate religion/spirituality (R/S) into clinical care.MethodsThis was a qualitative study. 41 mental health patients of varying diagnoses in secondary care underwent semi-structured interviews describing their mental health and spiritual journeys and how these have interacted, before, during and after a period of acute illness. Grounded theory was used. Detailed coding was carried out and themes extracted.ResultsPreliminary results from this project have already been reported, (submitted for publication). 5 main processes by which R/S interacted positively or negatively with mental health recovery were identified:
•R/S experiences, (+ve or -ve),•Existential crisis, (-ve),•Influence of faith community, (+ve or -ve),•Finding a personally meaningful faith, (+ve),•Changing priorities to a more spiritual outlook, (+ve).Further analysis has allowed a comparison between our different participants who were at different stages of recovery:
1.Those who described themselves most as being in recovery tended to have more positive R/S experiences, support from a faith community, a personally meaningful faith and have changed their priorities. Most have also found clinical care helpful. However, often R/S was considered more helpful both for personal recovery and symptom relief. For others in this group, R/S enables living a satisfying life despite limitations of illness partially controlled by medication.2.Those who described themselves most as struggling with mental illness were much less likely to have a personally meaningful faith or had changed their priorities. They tended to have negative R/S experiences, persistent existential crisis and/or rejection from a faith community. Most of these people find both clinical care and R/S issues unhelpful. Some people were finding clinical care helpful but R/S barriers were blocking their recovery.Many people at all stages of recovery said they wanted more help with R/S issues. They often regard their illness as a spiritual problem and consider positive R/S experiences a key to recovery.ConclusionSpiritual health may be important for recovery from many mental health problems and needs to be addressed according to the 5 themes.
•Possible R/S barriers identified, even if symptoms seem to be responding to clinical treatment.•Positive R/S experiences and/or support from a faith community used to help overcome R/S barriers.•Support made available to find a personally meaningful faith and change priorities.•Referral to spiritual care offered more frequently.Clinical care will be most effective if combined with facilitating spiritual health.