bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships Between Water Table and Model Simulated ET
Authors: Jayakody Priyantha , Parajuli Prem B. , Sassenrath Gretchen F. , Ouyang Ying 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis research was conducted to develop relationships among evapotranspiration (ET), percolation (PERC), groundwater discharge to the stream (GWQ), and water table fluctuations through a modeling approach. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrologic and crop models were applied in the Big Sunflower River watershed (BSRW; 7660 km2) within the Yazoo River Basin of the Lower Mississippi River alluvial plain. Results of this study showed good to very good model performances with the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index from 0.4 to 0.9, respectively, during both hydrologic and crop model calibration and validation. An empirical relationship between ET, PERC, GWQ, and water table fluctuations was able to predict 64% of the water table variation of the alluvial plain in this study. Thematic maps were developed to identify areas with overuse of groundwater, which can help watershed managers to develop water resource programs.
Slug Tests in Wells Screened Across the Water Table: Some Additional Considerations
Authors: Butler J.J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe majority of slug tests done at sites of shallow groundwater contamination are performed in wells screened across the water table and are affected by mechanisms beyond those considered in the standard slug‐test models. These additional mechanisms give rise to a number of practical issues that are yet to be fully resolved; four of these are addressed here. The wells in which slug tests are performed were rarely installed for that purpose, so the well design can result in problematic (small signal to noise ratio) test data. The suitability of a particular well design should thus always be assessed prior to field testing. In slug tests of short duration, it can be difficult to identify which portion of the test represents filter‐pack drainage and which represents formation response; application of a mass balance can help confirm that test phases have been correctly identified. A key parameter required for all slug test models is the casing radius. However, in this setting, the effective casing radius (borehole radius corrected for filter‐pack porosity), not the nominal well radius, is required; this effective radius is best estimated directly from test data. Finally, although conventional slug‐test models do not consider filter‐pack drainage, these models will yield reasonable hydraulic conductivity estimates when applied to the formation‐response phase of a test from an appropriately developed well.
Detection of Mixing Dynamics During Pumping of a Flooded Coal Mine
Authors: Elliot Trevor , Younger Paul L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn complex hydrogeological environments the effective management of groundwater quality problems by pump‐and‐treat operations can be most confidently achieved if the mixing dynamics induced within the aquifer by pumping are well understood. The utility of isotopic environmental tracers (C‐, H‐, O‐, S‐stable isotopic analyses and age indicators—14C, 3H) for this purpose is illustrated by the analysis of a pumping test in an abstraction borehole drilled into flooded, abandoned coal mineworkings at Deerplay (Lancashire, UK). Interpretation of the isotope data was undertaken conjunctively with that of major ion hydrochemistry, and interpreted in the context of the particular hydraulic setting of flooded mineworkings to identify the sources and mixing of water qualities in the groundwater system. Initial pumping showed breakdown of initial water quality stratification in the borehole, and gave evidence for distinctive isotopic signatures (δ34S(SO4) ≅ −1.6‰, δ18O(SO4) ≅ +15‰) associated with primary oxidation of pyrite in the zone of water table fluctuation—the first time this phenomenon has been successfully characterized by these isotopes in a flooded mine system. The overall aim of the test pumping—to replace an uncontrolled outflow from a mine entrance in an inconvenient location with a pumped discharge on a site where treatment could be provided—was swiftly achieved. Environmental tracing data illustrated the benefits of pumping as little as possible to attain this aim, as higher rates of pumping induced in‐mixing of poorer quality waters from more distant old workings, and/or renewed pyrite oxidation in the shallow subsurface.
A 48‐week telaprevir‐based triple combination therapy improves sustained virological response rate in previous non‐responders to peginterferon and ribavirin with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C: A multicenter study
Authors: Shimada Noritomo , Tsubota Akihito , Atsukawa Masanori , Abe Hiroshi , Ide Tatsuya , Takaguchi Koichi , Chuganji Yoshimichi , Toyoda Hidenori , Yoshizawa Kai , Ika Makiko , Sato Yoshiyuki , Kato Keizo , Kumada Takashi , Sakamoto Choitsu , Aizawa Yoshio , Sata Michio 
Published: March 2014

AimThe sustained virological response (SVR) rate of non‐responders to peginterferon and ribavirin therapy (PR) is low for 24‐week telaprevir‐based triple combination therapy (T12PR24), compared to that of treatment‐naïve patients or previous‐treatment relapsers. This study investigated which characteristics of non‐responders were associated with a better SVR rate to 48‐week therapy (T12PR48).MethodsA total of 103 Japanese non‐responders with genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C received telaprevir‐based therapy. Among them, 81 patients (50 partial and 31 null responders) received T12PR24 and 22 (seven partial and 15 null responders) who agreed to the extended therapy received T12PR48.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis for SVR identified the interleukin‐28B (IL28B) rs8099917 TT genotype (P = 0.0005, odds ratio [OR] = 10.38), extended rapid virological response (P = 0.0008, OR = 7.02), T12PR48 regimen (P = 0.0016, OR = 9.31) and previous partial responders (P = 0.0022, OR = 5.89). Among partial responders, the SVR rate did not differ significantly between T12PR48 (85.7%) and T12PR24 (70.0%). Among null responders, the SVR rate was significantly higher with T12PR48 than T12PR24 (66.7% vs 22.6%, P = 0.0037). Among patients with the IL28B non‐TT genotype, the SVR rate was significantly higher with T12PR48 than T12PR24 (68.8% vs 37.7%, P = 0.0288). Moreover, among null responders with the non‐TT genotype, the SVR rate was significantly higher with T12PR48 than T12PR24 (66.7% vs 9.1%, P = 0.0009).ConclusionT12PR48 improves the SVR rate in null responders, patients with the non‐TT genotype, and null responders with a non‐TT genotype.
Trends in door‐to‐balloon time and outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: an Australian perspective
Authors: Brennan A. L. , Andrianopoulos N. , Duffy S. J. , Reid C. M. , Clark D. J. , Loane P. , New G. , Black A. , Yan B. P. , Brooks M. , Roberts L. , Carroll E. A. , Lefkovits J. , Ajani A. E. ,   Melbourne Interventional Group Investigators
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines for patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction include a door‐to‐balloon time (DTBT) of ≤90 min for primary percutaneous coronary intervention.AimThe aim of this study was to assess temporal trends (2006–2010) in DTBT and determine if a reduction in DTBT was associated with improved clinical outcomes.MethodsWe compared annual median DTBT in 1926 STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention from the Melbourne Interventional Group registry. ST‐elevation myocardial infarction presenting >12 h and rescue percutaneous coronary intervention was excluded. Major adverse cardiac events were analysed according to DTBT (dichotomised as ≤90 min vs >90 min). A multivariable analysis for predictors of mortality (including DTBT) was performed.ResultsBaseline demographics, clinical and procedural characteristics were similar in the STEMI cohort across the 5 years, apart from an increase in out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (3.6% in 2006 vs 9.4% in 2010, P < 0.0001) and cardiogenic shock (7.7–9.6%, P = 0.07). The median DTBT (interquartile range) was reduced from 95 (74–130) min in 2006 to 75 (51–100) min in 2010 (P < 0.01). In this period, the proportion of patients achieving a DTBT of ≤90 min increased from 45% to 67% (P < 0.01). Lower mortality and major adverse cardiac event rates were observed with DTBT ≤90 min (all P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that a DTBT of ≤90 min was associated with improved clinical outcomes at 12 months (odds ratio 0.48; 95% confidence interval 0.33–0.73, P < 0.01).ConclusionThere has been a decline in median DTBT in the Melbourne Interventional Group registry over 5 years. DTBT of ≤90 min is associated with improved clinical outcomes at 12 months.
Can hospital‐based doctors change their working hours? Evidence from Australia
Authors: Norman R. , Hall J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsTo explore factors predicting hospital‐based doctors’ desire to work less, and then their success in making that change.MethodsConsecutive waves of an Australian longitudinal survey of doctors (Medicine in Australia – Balancing Employment and Life). There were 6285 and 6337 hospital‐based completers in the two waves, consisting of specialists, hospital‐based non‐specialists and specialist registrars.ResultsForty‐eight per cent stated a preference to reduce hours. Predictive characteristics were being female and working more than 40 h/week (both P < 0.01). An inverted U‐shape relationship was observed for age, with younger and older doctors less likely to state the preference. Factors associated with not wanting to reduce working hours were being in excellent health and being satisfied with work (both P < 0.01). Of those who wanted to reduce working hours, only 32% successfully managed to do so in the subsequent year (defined by a reduction of at least 5 h/week). Predictors of successfully reducing hours were being older, female and working more than 40 h/week (all P < 0.01).ConclusionSeveral factors predict the desire of hospital‐based doctors to reduce hours and then their subsequent success in doing so. Designing policies that seek to reduce attrition may alleviate some of the ongoing pressures in the Australian hospital system.
Can a Click be a Word?: Infants' Learning of Non‐Native Words
Authors: May Lillian , Werker Janet F. 
Published: March 2014

Forms that are nonlinguistic markers in one language (i.e., “tsk‐tsk” in English) may be part of the phoneme inventory—and hence part of words—in another language. In the current paper, we demonstrate that infants' ability to learn words containing unfamiliar language sounds is influenced by the age and vocabulary size of the infant learner, as well as by cues to the speaker's referential intent. When referential cues were available, infants at 14 months learned words with non‐native speech sounds, but at 20 months only those infants with smaller vocabularies succeeded. When no referential cues were present, infants at both 14 and 20 months failed to learn the same words. The implications of the relation between linguistic sophistication and non‐native word learning are discussed.
What is the Point of Sufficiency?
Authors: Segall Shlomi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTelic sufficientarians hold that there is something special about a certain threshold level such that benefiting people below it, or raising them above it, makes an outcome better in at least one respect. The article investigates what fundamental value might ground that view. The aim is to demonstrate that sufficientarianism, at least on this telic version, is groundless and as such indefensible. The argument is advanced in three steps: first, it is shown that sufficientarianism cannot be grounded in a personal value. Neither, secondly, is it committed to the person‐affecting view, the view that says that nothing can be better (worse) if there is no one for whom it is better (worse). This, in itself, is of interest because some sufficientarians reject egalitarianism precisely for its alleged incompatibility with the person‐affecting view. Sufficientarians' disavowal of the person‐affecting view implies that their view, similarly to egalitarianism (and, perhaps less famously, prioritarianism), must be anchored in some impersonal value. But crucially, and this is the third step of the argument, there is no apparent value that can fit that role. We must conclude, then, that telic sufficientarianism is groundless.
“My Older Clients Fall Through Every Crack in the System”: Geriatrics Knowledge of Legal Professionals
Authors: Soones Tacara , Ahalt Cyrus , Garrigues Sarah , Faigman David , Williams Brie A. 
Published: March 2014

With the number of older adult arrestees and prisoners increasing rapidly, legal professionals increasingly provide front‐line identification and response to age‐related health conditions (including cognitive and physical impairments) that may affect legal outcomes, such as the ability to participate in one's defense or stay safe in jail. The goals of this study were to assess the ability of legal professionals to recognize and respond to age‐related conditions that could affect legal outcomes and to identify recommendations to address important knowledge gaps. This was a mixed quantitative–qualitative study. Legal professionals (N = 72) in the criminal justice system were surveyed to describe their demographic characteristics, expertise, and prior aging‐related training and to inform the qualitative interview guide. Those surveyed included attorneys (district attorneys (25%), public defenders and legal advocates (58%)), judges (6%), and court‐affiliated social workers (11%). In‐depth qualitative interviews were then conducted with a subset of 10 legal professionals who worked with older adults at least weekly. Results from the surveys and interviews revealed knowledge deficits in four important areas: age‐related health, identification of cognitive impairment, assessment of safety risk, and optimization of services upon release from jail. Four recommendations to close these gaps emerged: educate legal professionals about age‐related health, train professionals to identify cognitive and sensory impairment, develop checklists to identify those at risk of poor health or safety, and improve knowledge of and access to transitional services for older adults. These findings suggest that geriatrics knowledge gaps of legal professionals exist that may contribute to adverse medical or legal outcomes for older adults involved in the criminal justice system and that partnerships between healthcare and legal professionals are needed to address these challenges.
Case of uterine papillary serous carcinoma following tamoxifen treatment that could not be diagnosed during screening
Authors: Maenaka Takahide , Egawa‐Takata Tomomi , Hisamoto Koji , Kunishige Ichiro , Nishio Yukihiro , Tsujimoto Masahiko 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis case involved a 69‐year‐old woman who had been taking tamoxifen for 5 years after breast cancer surgery. She was referred to our clinic for endometrial cancer screening when tamoxifen was first prescribed. Subsequently, transvaginal ultrasonography and endometrial cytology were performed every 6 months. Despite these regular examinations, stage IVb papillary serous carcinoma was detected 8 months after the end of tamoxifen administration. Total abdominal hysterectomy was performed, but only a small polyp was seen upon macroscopic examination of the uterus. However, papillary serous carcinoma was found microscopically in almost all lymphovascular spaces in the uterus from the endometrium to the serosa. On the surface of the polyp, only endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma with positive immunostaining for p53 was detected. Chemotherapy, including a platinum compound, was administrated, but unfortunately it was ineffective and the patient died of her disease 14 months after the operation.
A controlled trial on the effect of feeding dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate on liver function in newborn calves
Authors: Wieland M. , Weber B. K. , Hafner‐Marx A. , Sauter‐Louis C. , Bauer J. , Knubben‐Schweizer G. , Metzner M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBeginning in the fall of 2010, an increasing and alarming number of cases of calves suffering from liver dystrophy were reported in the south of Germany. An epidemiological investigation was carried out by the authors between November 2010 and July 2011, leading to the implication of a commercial dietary supplement as the potential cause for this outbreak. The components of this product were first tested in a cell culture model and two of them (dietary chestnut extract and glycerol monolaurate) showed a cytotoxic effect. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect of supplemental feeding of both components alone or in combination on liver function in newborn calves on a commercial dairy farm. Ten calves were enrolled in each of the three treatment groups and the control group (group O) following a blocked design. Treatment consisted of supplementation with chestnut extract at 0.02% of birth body mass (BM) (group C), supplementation with glycerol monolaurate at 0.006% of BM (group G) or a combined treatment (group CG) for five consecutive days. The effect of treatments on liver function was evaluated clinically and by measurement of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities as well as the determination of the concentrations of glucose, L‐lactate and total bilirubin in serum. There was a significant increase in GLDH and AST activities and a significant decrease in glucose concentration in treatment groups C and CG compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.035), whereas no difference was shown for group G. Survival was significantly decreased in groups C (p = 0.029) and CG (p = 0.001) compared with both group G and the control group. These results suggest that dietary chestnut extract in an amount of 0.02% of BM alone or in combination has a toxic effect on liver function in newborn calves.
Cystatin C is differentially involved in multiple system atrophy phenotypes
Authors: Urbizu Aintzane , Canet‐Pons Julia , Munoz‐Marmol Ana M. , Aldecoa Iban , Lopez Maria T. , Compta Yaroslau , Alvarez Ramiro , Ispierto Lourdes , Tolosa Eduardo , Ariza Aurelio , Beyer Katrin 
Published: March 2014

AimsAs cystatin C (CysC) is involved in some forms of neurodegeneration, we investigated the possible relationship between CysC and multiple system atrophy (MSA), including its parkinsonian (MSAp) and cerebellar (MSAc) phenotypes.MethodsCystatin C gene (CST3) haplotypes were determined by PCR followed by KspI digestion in 50 MSA patients and 108 controls. CST3 and cathepsins B, D and L1 mRNA levels were studied in frozen post‐mortem caudate nucleus and cerebellar samples of eight MSAp, four MSAc and 18 control brains and analysed by the ΔΔCt method. CysC immunohistochemistry was performed on three MSAp, three MSAc and three control cerebella. Additionally, determination of CST3 and cathepsins B, D and L1 mRNA levels and immunohistochemistry for CysC were carried out in cerebella from three patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, three with spinocerebellar ataxia (type 3, SCA3) and three with cerebellar ischaemia (CI).ResultsIn the set of blood samples, the CST3 B‐haplotype was associated with MSAp (OR 4.86, confidence interval 1.84–13.3). High CST3 mRNA levels were found in MSAp caudate nuclei [expression change: 3.08 (2.98–3.18)] and MSAc cerebella [expression change: 2.44 (2.14–2.88)]. In the latter there was CysC over‐expression in Purkinje cells, Bergmann glia and dentate nucleus neurones. No cathepsin increase was detected in MSA cerebella. High mRNA levels of CST3 and cathepsins B and L1 were observed in SCA3 and CI brains.ConclusionsCysC changes are differentially present in the parkinsonian and cerebellar forms of MSA and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this neurodegenerative condition.
A comparison of paravertebral nerve block catheters and thoracic epidural catheters for postoperative analgesia following the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum repair
Authors: Hall Burton Denise M. , Boretsky Karen R. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryIntroductionThoracic epidurals (TE) have been advocated as a superior method for controlling postoperative pain after repair of pectus excavatum with a Nuss procedure. However, three recent reports of permanent neurologic injury after the Nuss procedure with concurrent TE analgesia have raised concerns about the safety of this combination. Paravertebral nerve blocks (PVNB) are used successfully for analgesia of the chest, but no studies are available comparing TE and PVNB catheters for postoperative analgesia in this patient population. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of PVNB catheters with TE catheters for postoperative analgesia in pediatric patients undergoing the Nuss procedure.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 20 adolescent males undergoing a thoracoscopic Nuss procedure with either bilateral PVNB catheters (n = 10) or TE catheter (n = 10) and compared postoperative opiate consumption and pain scores.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences between the groups with respect to demographics, opiate consumption measured in morphine equivalents, and pain scores.DiscussionIn this small series, bilateral PVNB catheters resulted in equivalent opioid consumption and pain scores when compared to TE for postoperative pain management in pediatric patients undergoing the Nuss procedure. Large prospective studies are needed to further compare the efficacy, incidence of side effects, and complications of TE and PVNB catheters for postoperative analgesia in this pediatric population.
Predicting onset of chronic lung disease using cord blood cytokines
Authors: Takao Daishi , Ibara Satoshi , Tokuhisa Takuya , Ishihara Chie , Maede Yoshinobu , Matsui Takako , Tokumasu Hironobu , Sato Kyoko , Hirakawa Eiji , Kabayama Chika , Yamamoto Masakatu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundApplicability of cord blood interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) as markers for early prediction of the onset of chronic lung disease (CLD) due to intrauterine infection was investigated in the present study.MethodsEighty very low‐birthweight infants with chorioamnionitis were divided into two groups: the CLD group (42 patients) and the non‐CLD group (38 patients), according to the presence or absence of CLD, and the clinical background and cord blood IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels in each group were compared and investigated.ResultsThe CLD group had significantly longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization (P < 0.05) and significantly higher IL‐6 and IL‐8 (P < 0.01) than the non‐CLD group. Using the receiver operating characteristic curves of CLD onset for both IL‐6 and IL‐8, the cut‐off value of IL‐6 for predicting onset of CLD was 48.0 pg/mL, and its sensitivity and specificity were 76% and 96%, respectively. The cut‐off value for IL‐8 was 66.0 pg/mL, and its sensitivity and specificity were 71% and 82%, respectively.ConclusionThe cord blood levels of both IL‐6 and IL‐8 were significantly higher in the CLD group, indicating that both IL‐6 and IL‐8 are useful predictors of onset of CLD.
Time-correlated single-photon counting range profiling and reflectance tomographic imaging
Authors: Sjöqvist Lars , Henriksson Markus , Jonsson Per , Steinvall Ove 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) range profiling and imaging provide high resolution laser radar data applicable in several optical remote sensing applications at short and long distances. Excellent range resolution, below centimetres, can be obtained and information about remote objects can be extracted from TCSPC range profiles. The present study describes a TCSPC range profiling system with subcentimetre range resolution applied for remote sensing of objects at short and longer ranges. Experimental results from interrogation of geometrical shapes, reflectance tomographic imaging and range profiling at longer distance in daylight conditions are presented.