bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Pore Defects in π‐Extended Pentadecabenzo[9]helicene
Authors: Zhu Ke‐Lin , Li Zhi‐Ao , Liang Jiaqi , Zou Kang‐Li , Shen Yun‐Jia , Gong Han‐Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe introduction of precise pore defects into nanocarbon structures results in the emergence of distinct physicochemical characteristics. However, there is a lack of research on non‐planar chiral nanographene involving precise pore defects. Herein, we have developed two analogues to the π‐extended pentadecabenzo[9]helicene (EP9H) containing embedded pore defects. Each molecules, namely extended dodecabenzo[7]helicene (ED7H; 1) or extended nonabenzo[5]helicene (EN5H; 2), exhibits dual‐state emission. Significantly, the value of |glum| of 1 is exceptionally high at 1.41×10−2 in solution and BCPL as 254 M−1 cm−1. In PMMA film, |glum| of 1 is 8.56×10−3, and in powder film, it is 5.00×10−3. This study demonstrates that nanocarbon molecules with pore defects exhibit dual‐state emission properties while maintaining quite good chiral luminescence properties. It was distinguished from the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect corresponding to the nanocarbon without embedded defect. Incorporating pore defects into chiral nanocarbon molecules also simplifies the synthesis process and enhances the solubility of the resulting product. These findings suggest that the introduction of pore defects can be a viable approach to improve nanocarbon molecules.
Vaporchromic Domino Transformation and Polarized Photonic Heterojunctions of Organoplatinum Microrods
Authors: Chen Jian‐Cheng , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Li Zhong‐Qiu , Zhao Yuan‐Yuan , Tang Kun , Ma Dian‐Xue , Xu Fa‐Feng , Zhong Yu‐Wu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotonic heterostructures with codable properties have shown great values as versatile information carriers at the micro‐ and nanoscale. These heterostructures are typically prepared by a step‐by‐step growth or post‐functionalization method to achieve varied emission colors with different building blocks. In order to realize high‐throughput and multivariate information loading, we report here a strategy to integrate polarization signals into photonic heterojunctions. A U‐shaped di‐Pt(II) complex has been assembled into highly polarized yellow‐phosphorescent crystalline microrods (Y‐rod) by strong intermolecular Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt interaction. Upon end‐initiated desorption of the incorporated CH2Cl2 solvents, the Y‐rod is transformed in a domino fashion into tri‐block polarized photonic heterojunctions (PPHs) with alternate red‐yellow‐red emissions or red‐phosphorescent microrods (R‐rods). The red emissions of these structures are also highly polarized; however, their polarization directions are just orthogonal to those of the yellow phosphorescence of the Y‐rod. With the aid of a patterned mask, the R‐rod can be further programmed into multi‐block PPHs with precisely controlled block sizes by side‐allowed adsorption of CH2Cl2 vapor. X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations suggest that the solvent‐regulated modulation of the crystal packing and excited‐state property is critical for the construction of these PPHs.
Engineering xylose induction in Vibrio natriegens for biomanufacturing applications
Authors: VanArsdale Eric , Kelly Erin , Sayer Cameron V. , Vora Gary J. , Tschirhart Tanya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractXylose is an abundant, inexpensive and readily available carbohydrate common in minimally processed feedstocks such as seaweed and algae. While a wide variety of marine microbes have evolved to utilize seaweed and algae, only a few currently have the requisite characteristics and genetic engineering tools necessary to entertain the use of these underutilized feedstocks. The rapidly growing Gram‐negative halophilic bacterium Vibrio natriegens is one such chassis. In this study, we engineered and tested xylose induction in V. natriegens as a tool for scalable bioproduction applications. First, we created a sensing construct based on the xylose operon from Escherichia coli MG1665 and measured its activity using a fluorescent reporter and identified that cellular import plays a key role in induction strength and that expression required the XylR transcription factor. Next, we identified that select deletions of the promoter region enhance gene expression, limiting the effect of carbohydrate repression when xylose is used as an inducer in the presence of industrially relevant carbon sources. Lastly, we used the optimized constructs to produce the biopolymer melanin using seawater mimetic media. One of these formulations utilized a nori‐based seaweed extract as an inducer and demonstrated melanin yields comparable to previously optimized methods using a more traditional and costly inducer. Together, the results demonstrate that engineering xylose induction in V. natriegens can provide an effective and lower cost option for timed biosynthesis in scalable biomanufacturing applications using renewable feedstocks.
AML cell‐derived exosomes suppress the activation and cytotoxicity of NK cells in AML via PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway
Authors: Wang Dandan , Zhou Fanchen , He Leiyu , Wang Xiaohong , Song Lingrui , Wang Haoyu , Sun Shibo , Guo Zhaoming , Ma Kun , Xu Jianqiang , Cui Changhao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes are bilayer lipid bodies and contain a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, and so forth. Exosomes derived from solid tumors may play critical roles in tumor development and immune evasion. However, the underlying effects of tumor‐derived exosomes on immune function in modulating intercellular crosstalk within the bone marrow niche during acute myeloid leukemia (AML) development and immune evasion remain largely elusive. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of AML‐exos in AML immune evasion. First, we isolated tumor‐derived exosomes from AML cells (AML‐exos) and revealed the presence of programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) protein in AML‐exos. Next, we demonstrated that AML‐exos can directly suppress the activation of natural killer (NK) cells and inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells, probably through activating the programmed cell death‐1 (PD‐1)/PD‐L1 pathway. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of AML‐exos on NK cells could be alleviated by either PD‐L1 inhibitor or antagonist. In summary, we demonstrated that AML‐exos possess a PD‐L1‐dependent tumor‐promoting effect which may contribute to immune tolerance in antitumor therapy, but blocking the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway may alleviate the tumor immunosuppression induced by AML‐exos. Our findings in this study may offer a new immunotherapy strategy to cure AML.
Annular papulovesicular lesions with a purpuric center in a female inpatient
Authors: Alvarez Martinez David , Kaya Gürkan , Menzinger Sébastien 
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical MessageEpidermal multinucleated keratinocytes, or epidermal grape cells, in the absence of any viral infection, are an important histological finding and a clue for the diagnosis of dermatoses induced by external irritation or aggression, dermatitis artefacta, and facticial dermatitis. Thermal damage such as cryogenic injury is part of the spectrum of causes to be evoked in case of their presence.
Stability and Solvation of Key Intermediates of Oxygen Evolution on TiO2, RuO2, IrO2 (110) Surfaces: A Comparative DFT Study
Authors: Inico Elisabetta , Di Liberto Giovanni , Giordano Livia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) is a fundamental process, with gold standards like RuO2 and IrO2. Recently, it was suggested that OER could go through unconventional intermediates, −O−H, −OO−H. −O−H is formed by the direct interaction of an adsorbed O species to a metal surface atom and a proton bound to a surface oxygen. Similarly, in −OO−H, an adsorbed −OO adduct interacts with a proton on a surface oxygen. This work compares the nature of key intermediates of OER on TiO2, RuO2, and IrO2(110) surfaces by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and Ab‐Initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD). We rationalized the nature, the relative stability trends in vacuum and the effect of water solvation of the species. −OO−H is preferred than −OOH. −OH is preferred than −O−H except for RuO2. We investigated the nature of the catalyst/water interfaces and the interaction of intermediates with water based on AIMD. On RuO2, −OH and −O−H display a different interaction with water. −OO−H is quite rigid on RuO2, while it is dynamic on IrO2 as the proton is shared between −OO and a surface oxygen atom. This study provides insights on the role of solvation to the nature of OER intermediates, that may help future studies.
Ullmann Coupling Reactions on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Ukah Nathaniel , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThere has been a plethora of experience in conducting organic reactions in solution, with little to no knowledge in organic reactions on surfaces. Broadening the horizon of organic on‐surface synthesis will enable creation of functional materials and direct integration into devices. Herein, we report an Ullmann reaction on thiol‐functionalized gold nanoparticles serving as reactant, stabilizing agent, catalyst and reducing agent in this transformation. The orientation of ligands and formation of Surface Assembled Monolayer (SAM) on the gold nanoparticles were exploited to attain selectivity of hetero‐ over homo‐Ullmann coupling, thus, expanding the toolbox of organic on‐surface synthesis to nanoparticles.
Unveiling the Twisted Aromatic Donor Effect on the Nonlinear Response of D‐π‐A Type Malononitrile‐Derived Chromophores
Authors: Zhu Xiang‐Zhao , Chen Song‐Hua , Xu Jia‐Bei , Huang Jian‐hua , Yan Jian‐Feng , Yuan Yao‐Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the design, synthesis, and comprehensive characterization of a novel series of D‐π‐A type malononitrile‐derived chromophores, BTC‐1–BTC‐4. Combining various spectroscopic techniques, nonlinear Z‐scan measurements, and quantum chemical calculations, we revealed the intricate relationship between nonlinear optical properties and the interplay of molecular structure, intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), and dipole moments (μ). Our experimental and computational findings corroborate that the polarization degree in the ground state, the charge separation in the excited state and twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) collectively dictate the nonlinear optical properties of the compounds. Notably, BTC‐1 exhibits an exceptional nonlinear absorption coefficient β value (2×10−8 m W−1), attributed to its optimized charge transfer efficiency and pronounced degree of charge separation. Our findings provide actionable insights for the rational design of high‐performance organic Nonlinear optics (NLO) materials with potential applications in advanced photonic devices.
Design, Synthesis, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of 4‐(5‐Aminosubstituted‐4‐cyanooxazol‐2‐yl)benzoic Acids
Authors: Kobzar Oleksandr , Beiko Alona , Merzhyievskyi Danylo , Shablykin Oleg , Brovarets Volodymyr , Tanchuk Vsevolod , Vovk Andriy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractXanthine oxidase is a known therapeutic target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and related diseases. Despite the availability of current drugs such as allopurinol and febuxostat, the search for new compounds to effectively inhibit this enzyme remains relevant. In our study, 75 virtual structures of 4‐(5‐aminosubstituted‐4‐cyanooxazol‐2‐yl)benzoic acids with structural similarity to febuxostat were designed for evaluation of their potency against xanthine oxidase. After molecular docking simulations, eight compounds were selected for synthesis and in vitro testing. The synthesized compounds were found to exhibit in vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the nanomolar concentration range. The most effective inhibitors with 4‐benzylpiperidin‐1‐yl or 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolin‐2‐yl substituents at position 5 of the oxazole ring had IC50 values close to that of febuxostat. The kinetic data suggest a mixed‐type inhibition when the inhibitor binds preferentially to the free enzyme rather than to the enzyme‐substrate complex. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations were carried out to get insight into the key interactions of the inhibitors bound to the xanthine oxidase active site.
Carbon‐Based 3D Architectures as Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Battery Systems
Authors: Aslam Junaid , Ahsan Waseem Muhammad , Zhang Yifan , Wang Yong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGraphite, with its exceptional cyclic performance, continues to dominate as the preferred anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. However as high‐energy application gains momentum, there is growing demand for higher capacities that alloying/de alloying and conversion type anode materials can offer. Despite their potential, these materials are plagued by challenges such as volumetric fluctuations, low conductivities, and poor cyclic stability. Carbon nanostructures, on the other hand, show tremendous promise with their low volume expansion, high ion diffusion rates, and excellent conductivity. Nevertheless, their limited areal and volumetric densities restrict their widespread utilization. To address these limitations, various strategies such as doping, composite formation, and structural modification have been proposed. This article provides a succinct overview of carbon nanomaterials and their electrochemical performance as 3D carbon‐based anodes, along with a comprehensive analysis of the strategies employed to overcome associated challenges while evaluating their potential prospects in the field.
Acoustic Shock‐Induced Low Dielectric Loss in Glycine and Oxalic Acid‐Based Single Crystals
Authors: Muniraj Deepa , Kumar Raju Suresh , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Kim Ikhyun , Dhas S. A. Martin Britto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlycinium oxalate (GO) and Bis(glycinium) oxalate (BGO) crystals are successfully grown using the slow evaporation solution growth technique. Following their growth, the crystals are subjected to a series of acoustic shock pulses. The effects of these shock pulses on the structural, optical, dielectric, and morphological properties of the crystals are comprehensively analyzed using various characterization techniques, including powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Visible spectroscopy, dielectric spectroscopy, and optical microscopy. Structural analysis through XRD reveals shifts in diffraction peak positions, indicating structural deformations. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis assesses the chemical stability of GO and BGO under shocked conditions. UV‐Visible spectroscopy shows alterations in optical transmission with successive shock pulses, attributed to structural and surface defects. Dielectric properties are investigated over a frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 MHz, revealing variations in dielectric constant and loss tangent, which provide insights into the electrical behavior of the materials under normal and shocked conditions. Optical and scanning electron microscopy examine surface morphology, visualizing defects induced by the shock pulses. This study highlights the significant impact of shock pulses on the structural properties, optical transmission, dielectric properties, and surface morphology of GO and BGO crystals, offering valuable information on their resilience under dynamic conditions and potential applications.
Immunostimulatory effects of Toll‐like receptor ligands as adjuvants in establishing a novel mouse model for pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Gao Changxing , Liu Mei , Xin Yue , Zeng Yong , Yang Hui , Fan Xinyu , Zhao Cheng , Zhang Bo , Zhang Lingzhi , Li Jing J. , Zhao Ming , Wang Zijun , Lu Qianjin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe meticulous selection of appropriate vaccine adjuvants is crucial for optimizing immune responses. Traditionally, pemphigus vulgaris (PV), an autoimmune disorder, has been modelled using complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). In this study, we aimed to discern potential variations in immune responses elicited by Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands as compared to CFA.MethodsA comprehensive investigation was conducted, comparing the effects of these adjuvants in conjunction with ovalbumin or desmoglein‐3. Flow cytometry was employed to analyse distinct cell subsets, while enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay quantified antigen‐specific antibodies and cytokine levels. Histological examination of harvested skin tissues and transcriptome analysis of skin lesions were performed to identify differentially expressed genes.ResultsTLR ligands demonstrated efficacy in inducing PV‐like symptoms in wild‐type mice, in contrast to CFA. This underscored the substantial impact of the adjuvant on self‐antigen tolerance. Furthermore, we proposed an enhanced method for establishing a PV model through adoptive transfer, substituting CFA with TLR ligands. Our results revealed that in contrast to the perception that CFA being the most potent immunopotentiator reported, CFA promoted regulatory T cells (Treg), follicular regulatory T cells and IL‐10‐producing neutrophils, whereas TLR ligands downregulated CCL17 and IL‐10. This suggested potential implications for the recruitment and activation of Treg subsets. While B cell and CD8+ T cell responses exhibited similarity, CFA induced less activation in dendritic cell subsets. A novel mouse model of PV and systemic comparison of immunostimulatory effects of adjuvants were provided by this study.ConclusionsThe systematic comparison of CFA and TLR ligands shed light on the distinctive properties of these adjuvants, presenting innovative mouse models for the investigation of pemphigus. This study significantly contributes to adjuvant research and advances our understanding of PV pathogenesis.Key points/highlights
Immunization with desmoglein 3 and Toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands effectively induces pemphigus symptoms in wild‐type mice, whereas complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) fails.
TLR ligands heightened the autoreactivity of donor cells in the adoptive transfer pemphigus model.
CFA promoted regulatory T cells and IL‐10‐producing neutrophils, whereas TLR ligands downregulated CCL17 and IL‐10, leading to more effective immune responses.
The clinicopathologic significance of psammoma bodies in cytology specimens: A series of 78 cases
Authors: Braun Ankica , Hassan Dina , Findley John , Cheng Lin , Yan Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently the clinicopathologic significance of psammoma bodies in cytology specimens are not completely understood, including types of cytology specimens and pathologic conditions frequently associated with this unique cytologic feature. In this study, we undertook a retrospective approach to review the specimen types, cytology preparations, patient characteristics, organs or tissues involved and differential diagnoses in cytology specimens with the finding of psammoma bodies.MethodsCytology cases with the finding of psammoma bodies from January 2004 to December 2022 were retrieved from our institution's pathology databases, and their clinicopathological features were reviewed.ResultsA total of 78 cytology specimens with the finding of psammoma bodies were recorded in our CoPath system. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years. The patient group showed female gender predominancy (90%). FNA specimens comprised about 38.5% of total cases. Other common specimen types were body cavity fluids (38.5%), including pleural effusion and peritoneal fluid, and about 20.5% of the cases were pelvic washing performed during gynecologic surgeries. Most cytology cases with psammoma bodies had a malignant diagnosis (69%). About 18% of the cases were in the indeterminate diagnostic categories, with 12% suspicious for malignancy and 6% of the cases with atypical cells. About 5% of cases were placed in the neoplastic category, while 8% of cases were negative for malignancy. About 79% of peritoneal cytology with psammoma bodies were neoplastic and mostly gynecologic tumors. Pleural fluids with psammoma bodies were very likely to be malignant and involved by serous carcinoma (15 of 16 cases, 94%). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the second most common malignancy in our series, present in about 53% of thyroid cytologies with the finding of psammoma bodies.ConclusionOur study showed that psammoma bodies in cytology preparations were more often associated with malignancies in our study of 78 cytology specimens (69%). The most sampled location in our study was peritoneal cavity, followed by pleural cavity, thyroid, lymph nodes, neck masses, and omentum. The clinicopathologic value of psammoma bodies in predicting malignancy varies depending on locations and specimen types.
In situ loading of a pore network model for quantitative characterization and visualization of gas seepage in coal rocks
Authors: Jiao Huazhe , Chen Xi , Zhang Tiegang , Michael Quilligan , Yang Yixuan , Yang Xiaolin , Yang Tongyi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe flow characteristics of coalbed methane (CBM) are influenced by the coal rock fracture network, which serves as the primary gas transport channel. This has a significant effect on the permeability performance of coal reservoirs. In any case, the traditional techniques of coal rock fracture observation are unable to precisely define the flow of CBM. In this study, coal samples were subjected to an in situ loading scanning test in order to create a pore network model (PNM) and determine the pore and fracture dynamic evolution law of the samples in the loading path. On this basis, the structural characteristic parameters of the samples were extracted from the PNM and the impact on the permeability performance of CBM was assessed. The findings demonstrate that the coal samples' internal porosity increases by 2.039% under uniaxial loading, the average throat pore radius increases by 205.5 to 36.1 μm, and the loading has an impact on the distribution and morphology of the pores in the coal rock. The PNM was loaded into the finite element program COMSOL for seepage modeling, and the M3 stage showed isolated pore connectivity to produce microscopic fissures, which could serve as seepage channels. In order to confirm the viability of the PNM and COMSOL docking technology, the streamline distribution law of pressure and velocity fields during the coal sample loading process was examined. The absolute permeability of the coal samples was also obtained in order for comparison with the measured results. The macroscopic CBM flow mechanism in complex low‐permeability coal rocks can be revealed through three‐dimensional reconstruction of the microscopic fracture structure and seepage simulation. This study lays the groundwork for the fine description and evaluation of coal reservoirs as well as the precise prediction of gas production in CBM wells.