bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative methods in penalty finite element discretizations for the Steady Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Huang Pengzhan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThree penalty finite element methods are designed to solve numerically the steady Navier–Stokes equations, where the Stokes, Newton, and Oseen iteration methods are used, respectively. Moreover, the stability analysis and error estimate for these nine algorithms are provided. Finally, the numerical tests confirm the theoretical results of the presented algorithms. Meanwhile, the numerical investigations are provided to show that the proposed methods are efficient for solving the steady Navier–Stokes equations with the different viscosity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 74‐94, 2014
A numerical method for solving the nonlinear fermi–pasta–ulam problem
Authors: Ren Jincheng , Sun Zhi‐zhong , Cao Hai‐yan 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn effective finite difference scheme for solving the nonlinear Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) problem is derived. The most important feature of the scheme inherits energy conservation property from the nonlinear FPU problem. The unique solvability and the convergence of the difference scheme are proved by the energy method. The convergence order is in the maximum norm, where τ is the temporal grid size and h is the spatial grid size, respectively. In addition, the stability of the difference scheme is obtained. Numerical results are presented to support the theoretical analysis and verify numerically the energy conservation property.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 187‐209, 2014
Development and Initial Testing of Functional Task Exercise on Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment at Risk of Alzheimer's Disease – FcTSim Programme – A Feasibility Study
Authors: Law Lawla L. F. , Barnett Fiona , Yau Matthew K. , Gray Marion A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to illustrate the development of a new functional task‐based exercise programme and initially test its feasibility as well as effectiveness for older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). This study used a single‐group repeated‐measures design. A total of 11 patients (mean age 71.8 years) were recruited to participate in a structured functional task exercise programme for 10 weeks. All outcome measures were undertaken at baseline, post‐intervention and post‐3‐month follow‐up using the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT), Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL) and Problems in Everyday Living test (PEDL). Data were analysed using a repeated‐measures analysis of variance. Cohen'sdeffect size was used to assess the practical significant effects. The participants showed significant improvement in NCSE composite score, VFT, CVVLT total free recall, CVVLT 10‐minute delayed free recall, Lawton IADL and PEDL. Results of this study demonstrate that the newly designed functional task exercise programme, which uses simulated tasks, is feasible and beneficial to cognitive functions and functional status of older persons with MCI. The findings of the current study further reinforce occupational therapy practitioners' understanding that “occupation” is a “means” and an “end”. Further study with a larger population is needed to draw more definitive conclusions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensity‐modulated radiation therapy with dose‐painting for pediatric sarcomas with pulmonary metastases
Authors: Yang Joanna C. , Wexler Leonard H. , Meyers Paul A. , Happersett Laura , La Quaglia Michael P. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe examined patterns of failure in pediatric patients with thoracic sarcoma and pulmonary metastases treated with intensity‐modulated radiation therapy with dose‐painting (DP‐IMRT).ProcedureEleven pediatric patients, five with Ewing sarcoma family tumors (ESFT) and six with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), with primary thoracic tumors and pulmonary metastases underwent DP‐IMRT with chemotherapy for definitive treatment. Eight patients also underwent surgery. Median time to RT was 21 (15–31) weeks. Nine patients received 45–50.4–Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions to the primary tumor (n = 3) or post‐operative tumor bed (n = 6). Two patients ≤4 years received 12 Gy intraoperative radiation therapy and 30.6–36 Gy IMRT postoperatively to the tumor bed. All patients received 14–16.8 Gy in 0.54–0.88 Gy fractions to the whole lungs (n = 6) or hemithorax (n = 5) using dose‐painting technique. A representative case was re‐planned with IMRT plus standard AP/PA whole lung irradiation (WLI) for dosimetric comparison.ResultsWith 27‐month median follow‐up, 3‐year pulmonary relapse‐free survival in all patients was 61%: 80% for RMS and 40% for ESFT. Five patients (4 ESFT and 1 RMS) experienced pulmonary relapse at median 16 (9–41) months. There were no local failures. Our representative case demonstrated more homogeneous target volume coverage of the whole lungs and decreased mean dose to esophagus (15%), heart (31%), spinal cord (15%), and liver (19%) with DP‐IMRT.ConclusionsThe treatment of children with a primary thoracic tumor and pulmonary metastases poses a significant challenge. DP‐IMRT is one solution to this technical problem. Initial data from this small series suggest DP‐IMRT is feasible and produces superior sparing of critical normal tissues. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1616–1620. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of an Eastern Blotting Technique for the Visual Detection of Aristolochic Acids in Aristolochia and Asarum Species by Using a Monoclonal Antibody Against Aristolochic Acids I and II
Authors: Li Xiao‐Wei , Morinaga Osamu , Tian Min , Uto Takuhiro , Yu Jie , Shang Ming‐Ying , Wang Xuan , Cai Shao‐Qing , Shoyama Yukihiro 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIntroductionAristolochic acids (AAs) are naturally occurring nephrotoxicants and human carcinogens. Aristolochic acid I (AA‐I) and aristolochic acid II (AA‐II) are two important AAs with clear toxicity.ObjectiveTo obtain a monoclonal antibody (MAb) recognising AA‐I and AA‐II and develop an Eastern blotting technique for the specific visualisation and easy determination of AA‐I and AA‐II in plant extracts or tissues of Aristolochia and Asarum species.MethodsA hybridoma secreting MAb against AAs was prepared by cell fusion with splenocytes derived from a mouse immunised with AA‐I‐keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) conjugate and the myeloma cell line SP2/0‐Ag14. AA‐I and AA‐II were separated by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and then blotted onto a positively charged polyethersulphone (PES) membrane using a modified carbodiimide method. The resulting membrane‐bound AA‐protein conjugates were linked to the newly prepared MAb and then to the secondary antibody labelled with peroxidase. 4‐Chloro‐1‐naphthol was then added as the peroxidase substrate for staining.ResultsMAb 2A10‐10B showed a high specificity for AA‐I (100%) and AA‐II (69.3%) and low cross reactivity (≤ 2.2%) toward analogues that may disrupt detection of AA‐I and AA‐II in plants. An established Eastern blotting method was applied to the immunohistolocalisation of AA‐I and AA‐II in dry plant tissues, and this analysis showed that the phelloderm, cortex and phloem of Aristolochia manshuriensis stem may contain higher amounts of total AA‐I and AA‐II as compared with the pith and xylem.ConclusionThis method was extremely useful for the visual screening of AA‐I and AA‐II among easily mistaken herbal medicines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Which patients with type 2 diabetes attend secondary care clinics?
Authors: Findlay Hamish , Hallett Kimberley , Sivakumar Arthy , Simmons David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for patients with type 2 diabetes continuing to attend a specialist clinic with an active discharge policy.Clinic letters of 526 patients with type 2 diabetes who attended annual review over one year were audited to identify the major reasons for them remaining in the clinic.The majority of patients (97.3%) fulfilled current specialist clinic criteria for remaining in the clinic. Poor glycaemic control, nephropathy, ongoing changes to management and diabetes foot problems were common reasons found. In 9% of cases, patient choice was identified as a factor. For 2.7% of patients no clear reason could be identified.It was concluded that while most patients fulfilled the criteria to continue attending the clinic at that time, some patients chose to remain even though they were fit for discharge. The reasons why patients choose to remain under secondary care need to be investigated as they could guide how primary and secondary care should work together. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Trajectories of caregiver depressive symptoms while providing end‐of‐life care
Authors: Tang Siew Tzuh , Huang Guan‐Hua , Wei Yu‐Chung , Chang Wen‐Cheng , Chen Jen‐Shi , Chou Wen‐Chi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe course of caregivers' depressive symptoms may not be homogenous. This study identified trajectories of depressive symptoms among caregivers providing end‐of‐life care to cancer patients and profiled the unique characteristics of caregivers within each trajectory.MethodsTrajectories of depressive symptoms were explored in 447 caregivers who completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale over four periods close to the patient's death (1–30, 31–90, 91–180, and >180 days). Distinct trajectories were identified by latent class analysis.ResultsFour trajectories were identified as endurance, resilience, moderately symptomatic, and chronically distressed and contained 32.0%, 11.4%, 36.9%, and 19.7% of the sample, respectively. Caregivers in the endurance trajectory were relatively well‐adjusted individuals with less education, adequate financial support, and ample psychological resources but provided care to older patients with greater symptom distress. They perceived less subjective caregiving burden than caregivers with moderate or chronic depressive symptoms. Caregivers in the resilience trajectory were in a more vulnerable position than those in other trajectories when they first transitioned into the caregiving role because they were more likely to be the patient's spouse, have greater educational attainment and insufficient finances, provide higher intensity assistance to a younger relative, and have weaker psychological resources. However, they were older, reported greater confidence in caregiving, and perceived less caregiving burden than caregivers in other trajectories. The moderately symptomatic and chronically distressed trajectories were differentiated only by the strength of psychological resources.ConclusionsCaregivers of terminally ill cancer patients follow distinct depressive‐symptom trajectories while providing end‐of‐life care. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical ventilatory constraints during incremental exercise in healthy and cystic fibrosis children
Authors: Borel Benoit , Leclair Erwan , Thevenet Delphine , Beghin Laurent , Gottrand Frédéric , Fabre Claudine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimTo analyze breathing pattern and mechanical ventilatory constraints during incremental exercise in healthy and cystic fibrosis (CF) children.MethodsThirteen healthy children and 6 children with cystic fibrosis volunteered to perform an incremental test on a treadmill. Exercise tidal flow/volume loops were plotted every minute within a maximal flow/volume loop (MFVL). Expiratory flow limitation (expFL expressed in %Vt) was evaluated and end‐expiratory and end‐inspiratory lung volumes (EELV and EILV) were estimated from expiratory reserve volume relative to vital capacity (ERV/FVC) and from inspiratory reserve volume relative to vital capacity (IRV/FVC).ResultsDuring the incremental exercise, expFL was first observed at 40% of maximal aerobic speed in both groups. At maximal exercise, 46% of healthy children and 83% of CF children presented expFL, without significant effect of cystic fibrosis on the severity of expFL. According to the two‐way ANOVA results, both groups adopted similar breathing pattern and breathing strategies as no significant effect of CF has been revealed. But, according to one‐way ANOVA results, a significant increase of ERV/FVC associated with a significant decrease of IRV/FVC from resting value shave been observed in healthy children at maximal exercise, but not in CF children.DiscussionThe hypothesis of this study was based on the assumption that mild cystic fibrosis could induce more frequent and more severe mechanical ventilatory constraints due to pulmonary impairment and breathing pattern disturbances. But, this study did not succeed to highlight an effect of mild cystic fibrosis on the mechanical ventilatory constraints (expFL and dynamic hyperinflation) that occur during an incremental exercise. This absence of effect could be due to the absence of an impact of the disease on spirometric data, breathing pattern regulation during exercise and breathing strategy. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:221–229. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deregulation of FoxO3a accelerates prostate cancer progression in TRAMP mice
Authors: Shukla Sanjeev , Bhaskaran Natarajan , MacLennan Gregory T. , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDForkhead box, class “O” (FoxO) transcription factors are involved in multiple signaling pathways and possess tumor suppressor functions. Loss of PTEN and activation of PI3K/Akt is frequently observed in prostate cancer, which may potentially inactivate FoxO activity. We therefore investigated the role of FoxO transcription factors in prostate cancer progression, in particular FoxO3a, in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, which mimics progressive forms of human disease.METHODSProstate cancer progression in TRAMP mice was followed from 8 to 28 weeks. Expression patterns of Akt, FoxO1a, FoxO3a, FoxO4, and their phosphorylated form, DNA binding activity and downstream signaling molecules during different stages of disease progression were examined by immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of FoxO3a activity was attained by using FoxO3a peptide treatment to TRAMP mice.RESULTSIn TRAMP mice, FoxO3a activity is negatively regulated by Akt/PKB through post‐translational modification. Progressive increase in Akt activation during prostate cancer progression led to increase phosphorylation of FoxO3a and binding with 14‐3‐3, which potentially affected its transcriptional activity in age‐specific manner. Furthermore, blocking FoxO3a activity resulted in accelerated prostate cancer progression in these mice, which was associated with the loss of cell cycle control and increased proliferation and survival markers.CONCLUSIONSRestoration of FoxO3a activity represents an attractive therapeutic target in the chemoprevention and possibly in inhibition of progression of prostate cancer. Prostate 73: 1507–1517, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laboratory evaluation of alternative control methods against the false tiger, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae)
Authors: Sánchez‐Ramos Ismael , Pascual Susana , Marcotegui Aránzazu , Fernández Cristina E. , González‐Núñez Manuel 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMonosteira unicostata is an important pest of almond tree in the Mediterranean region requiring control methods alternative to synthetic pesticides. The efficacy of kaolin, azadirachtin and potassium salts of fatty acids combined with thyme essential oil against adults and fourth instar nymphs of this tingid was evaluated in laboratory assays.RESULTSIn no choice assays with adults, kaolin significantly increased mortality compared to control (42.7% versus 23.8%) and reduced the oviposition of females (11.8 versus 35.3 eggs), the feeding activity (169.6 versus 471.2 excrements) and the damage caused (1.1 versus 2.3 damage index). In choice assays with adults, the repellence index calculated for kaolin (48.2%) was significantly higher compared to control (−15.3%), resulting in oviposition, feeding and damage deterrence indices also significantly higher than the control. In no choice assays with nymphs, all products increased mortality and reduced the feeding activity and the damage caused on leaves. Potassium soap with thyme essential oil and azadirachtin were the most effective compounds (98.0% and 97.6% mortality versus 13.3% control mortality, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe products tested have shown high and different efficacy on nymphs and adults of Monosteira unicostata. This activity might be suitable for the practical application of these compounds to control its populations under real field conditions. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
On the applicability of reliable transport protocols in satellite delay tolerant and disruptive networks
Authors: Celandroni N. , Ferro E. , Gotta A. , Luglio M. , Roseti C. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYDelay tolerant networking (DTN) is an emerging technology introduced for deep‐space communications to address both very large propagation delay or link disruptions. The DTN paradigm results promising in several satellite‐based scenarios where either physical or service interruption might be experienced. This paper focuses on a set of selected satellite‐based scenarios, where the DTN paradigm adoption greatly improves the unicast and multicast communications' performance with limited costs in terms of both software add‐ons and architectural modifications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrauterine Inflammation Increases Materno‐Fetal Transfer of Gold Nanoparticles in a Size‐Dependent Manner in Murine Pregnancy
Authors: Tian Xin , Zhu Motao , Du Libo , Wang Jing , Fan Zhenlin , Liu Jun , Zhao Yuliang , Nie Guangjun 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe materno‐fetal transfer of nanoparticles is a critical issue in designing theranoustic nanoparticles for in vivo applications during pregnancy. Recent studies have reported that certain nanoparticles can cross the placental barrier in healthy pregnant animals depending on the size and surface modification of the nanoparticles and the developmental stages of the fetuses. However, materno‐fetal transfer under pathological pregnant conditions has not been examined so far. Here, it is shown that intrauterine inflammation can enhance the materno‐fetal transfer of nanoparticles in the late gestation stage of murine pregnancy in a size‐dependent manner. Three different‐sized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with diameters of 3 (Au3), 13 (Au13) and 32 (Au32) nm are applied. The accumulation of Au3 and Au13 nanoparticles in the fetuses is significantly increased in intrauterine inflammatory mice compared with healthy control mice: the concentration of Au3 is much higher than Au13 in fetal tissues of intrauterine inflammatory mice. In contrast, Au32 nanoparticles cannot cross the placental barrier either in healthy or in intrauterine inflammatory mice. The possible underlying mechanism of the increased materno‐fetal transfer of small‐sized nanoparticles on pathological conditions is inferred to be the structural and functional abnormalities of the placenta under intrauterine inflammation. The size of the nanoparticles is one of the critical factors which determines the extent of fetal exposure to nanoparticles in murine pregnancy under inflammatory conditions.
Newton‐X: a surface‐hopping program for nonadiabatic molecular dynamics
Authors: Barbatti Mario , Ruckenbauer Matthias , Plasser Felix , Pittner Jiri , Granucci Giovanni , Persico Maurizio , Lischka Hans 
Published: June 2013

The Newton‐X program is a general‐purpose program package for excited‐state molecular dynamics, including nonadiabatic methods. Its modular design allows Newton‐X to be easily linked to any quantum‐chemistry package that can provide excited‐state energy gradients. At the current version, Newton‐X can perform nonadiabatic dynamics using Columbus, Turbomole, Gaussian, and Gamess program packages with multireference configuration interaction, multiconfigurational self‐consistent field, time‐dependent density functional theory, and other methods. Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations with a hybrid combination of methods, such as Quantum‐Mechanics/Molecular‐Mechanics, are also possible. Moreover, Newton‐X can be used for the simulation of absorption and emission spectra. The code is distributed free of charge for noncommercial and nonprofit uses at www.newtonx.org. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:26–33. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1158This article is categorized under:

Software > Quantum Chemistry
Software > Simulation Methods
cp2k: atomistic simulations of condensed matter systems
Authors: Hutter Jürg , Iannuzzi Marcella , Schiffmann Florian , VandeVondele Joost 
Published: June 2013

cp2k has become a versatile open‐source tool for the simulation of complex systems on the nanometer scale. It allows for sampling and exploring potential energy surfaces that can be computed using a variety of empirical and first principles models. Excellent performance for electronic structure calculations is achieved using novel algorithms implemented for modern and massively parallel hardware. This review briefly summarizes the main capabilities and illustrates with recent applications the science cp2k has enabled in the field of atomistic simulation. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2014, 4:15–25. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1159This article is categorized under:

Software > Simulation Methods
Alternative RNA splicing and cancer
Authors: Liu Sali , Cheng Chonghui 
Published: June 2013

Alternative splicing of pre‐messenger RNA (mRNA) is a fundamental mechanism by which a gene can give rise to multiple distinct mRNA transcripts, yielding protein isoforms with different, even opposing, functions. With the recognition that alternative splicing occurs in nearly all human genes, its relationship with cancer‐associated pathways has emerged as a rapidly growing field. In this review, we summarize recent findings that have implicated the critical role of alternative splicing in cancer and discuss current understandings of the mechanisms underlying dysregulated alternative splicing in cancer cells. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:547–566. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1178This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Neighborhood Crime and School Climate as Predictors of Elementary School Academic Quality: A Cross‐Lagged Panel Analysis
Authors: McCoy Dana Charles , Roy Amanda L. , Sirkman Gabriel M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPast research has found negative relationships between neighborhood structural disadvantage and students’ academic outcomes. Comparatively little work has evaluated the associations between characteristics of neighborhoods and schools themselves. This study explored the longitudinal, reciprocal relationships between neighborhood crime and school‐level academic achievement within 500 urban schools. Results revealed that higher neighborhood crime (and particularly violent crime) predicted decreases in school academic achievement across time. School climate emerged as one possible mechanism within this relationship, with higher neighborhood crime predicting decreases in socioemotional learning and safety, but not academic rigor. All three dimensions of school climate were predictive of changes in academic achievement. Although this research supports a primarily unidirectional hypothesis of neighborhoods’ impacts on embedded settings, additional work is needed to understand these relationships using additional conceptualizations of neighborhood climate.