bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRANSFORMASI PRANATA PATRONASE MASYARAKAT NELAYAN: DARI EKONOMI MORALITAS MENUJU EKONOMI PASAR
Authors: - Mirajiani , S.Wahyuni Ekawati , Satria Arif , - Saharuddin , Kusumastanto Tridoyo 
Published: June 2014

Masyarakat nelayan mengalami transformasi sosial ekonomi akibat penetrasi pembangunan dan pasar. Transformasi sosial ekonomi yang terjadi membawa perubahan signifikan pranata ekonomi nelayan, karena nelayan harus mengkonstruksikan pranata ekonomi baru yang dianggap dapat mempertahankan penghidupan nelayan pada kondisi survival dan sesuai dengan perubahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini mendalami bagaimana transformasi pranata patronase yang terjadi dan keterkaitannya dengan keterjaminan ekonomi pada masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Ujung Kulon. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Ujung Kulon mengalami transformasi pranata ekonomi dari patronase berbasis moralitas menjadi berbasis norma ekonomi pasar. Di era ekonomi pasar, patronase merupakan suatu alternatif pranata ekonomi nelayan yang dibangun untuk tetap bertahan dengan situasi krisis dan ketidakpastian ekonomi serta mata pencaharian yang bersifat fluktuatif. Ditinjau dari keterjaminan ekonomi, pranata patronase moralitas di masa lalu lebih memberikan jaminan ekonomi nelayan pada situasi krisis daripada pranata patronase berbasis norma ekonomi pasar. Pada situasi di mana pranata patronase tidak bisa sepenuhnya berfungsi sebagai pranata jaminan ekonomi nelayan, maka untuk tetap bertahan pada situasi ekonomi yang kurang terjamin nelayan mengandalkan relasi ekonomi alternatif yang disediakan pasar di luar patronase. Fishing communities experiencing socio-economic transformation as a result of development and market penetration. Socio-economic transformation is followed by significant change in economic institutions, as fishermen have to construct a new economic institutions which are supposed to maintain the livelihood in survival conditions and in accordance with the changes. This research was to explore how economic institution transformation happens and its effect on economic security in coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon. The method uses a qualitative approach and the type of research uses a case study research. Results of the research showed coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon transformed economic institutions of patronage based morality becomes the norm based market economy. In the era of market economy, patronage remains an alternative economic institutions built to survive the crisis and uncertainty and livelihood fluctuated. The fact is related to economic security, institutional patronage morality in the past to provide security over the fishing economy in crisis situations rather than norm -based patronage institutions of the market economy. In situations where the institution of patronage can not fully function as economic security institutions of fishermen, then to survive on less secure economic situation of fishermen rely on alternative economic relations are provided markets outside patronage
RELASI JARINGAN ORGANISASI PEMUDA DALAM PEMILIHAN GUBERNUR SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Amin Muryanto 
Published: June 2014

Penelitian ini dilatari oleh munculnya para ”preman” sebagai aktor lokal di Sumatera Utara yang berperan mendukung Syamsul Arifin sebagai calon Gubernur Sumatera Utara tahun 2008. Sebagian aktor lokal itu berasal dari kader Pemuda Pancasila. Mereka mengandalkan kekerasan dan uang yang dimiliki untuk memperoleh serta memaksimalkan akses sumber daya dari pemerintah daerah. Untuk menjelaskan model relasi jaringan yang digunakan Pemuda Pancasila sebagai modal memenangkan calon gubernur yang didukung, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pendekatan studi kasus dan analisis tipologi dipilih sebagai sebagai cara untuk menyusun interpretasi atas data tertulis, wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model relasi yang terjalin antara Pemuda Pancasila dengan birokrasi, pengusaha, dan media cetak lokal dilakukan atas dasar hubungan yang saling menguntungkan atau simbiosis mutualisme. Jalinan relasi jaringan tersebut dilakukan dengan cara yang beragam, saling mengait, dan penuh intrik untuk mempertahankan akses kekuasaan dan memanfaatkan sumber daya yang dikuasai. Pemuda Pancasila tetap ingin memperoleh akses sumber daya yang dikuasai negara di tingkat lokal. Sementara, para pejabat birokrasi, pengusaha, dan pengelola media cetak lokal membutuhkan kekuatan Pemuda Pancasila untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan dan usaha mereka seperti menghindari ancaman dan menjaga keamanan di lokasi-lokasi kekuasaan dan usaha mereka. The background of this study is the emergence of “gangsters”—some of whom were cadres of Pemuda Pancasila—as local actors who played an important role to support Syamsul Arifin as governor candidates in North Sumatera. They rely intimidated with violence and money to gain access resources from the local government and maximize them. This study used qualitative methods that would explain network relation models of Pemuda Pacasila used as capital backed winning candidate for governor. The qualitative analysis with typology technique is chosen as a way to arrange interpretations on data—written materials, in depth interviews, and observations. The findings showed that the network relation models among Pemuda Pancasila, bureaucracy, businessman, and local print media was performed based on mutualistic symbiosis. Interwoven network of relationships is done in stepwise manner, interlocking, full of intrigue, and power to maintain access and utilize resources owned. Pemuda Pancasila still want to gain resources accsess that local state controlled. While bureaucrats, businessman, and local media managers need strength of Pemuda Pancasila to maintain their power and attempt to avoid such threats and security at sites and their efforts.
Managing temperate forests for carbon storage: impacts of logging versus forest protection on carbon stocks
Authors: Keith Heather , Lindenmayer David , Mackey Brendan , Blair David , Carter Lauren , McBurney Lachlan , Okada Sachiko , Konishi-Nagano Tomoko 
Published: June 2014

Management of native forests offers opportunities to store more carbon in the land sector through two main activities. Emissions to the atmosphere can be avoided by ceasing logging. Removals of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere can be increased by allowing forests to continue growing. However, the relative benefits for carbon storage of managing native forests for wood production versus protection are contested. Additionally, the potential for carbon storage is impacted upon by disturbance events, such as wildfire, that alter the amount and longevity of carbon stocks.Using a case study of montane ash forests in southeastern Australia, we demonstrated that the total biomass carbon stock in logged forest was 55% of the stock in old growth forest. Total biomass included above‐ and belowground, living and dead. Biomass carbon stock was calculated spatially as an average across the landscape, accounting for variation in environmental conditions and forest age distribution. Reduction in carbon stock in logged forest was due to 66% of the initial biomass being made into products with short lifetimes (<3 years), and to the lower average age of logged forest (<50 years compared with >100 years in old growth forest). Only 4% of the initial carbon stock in the native forest was converted to sawn timber products with lifetimes of 30–90 years.Carbon stocks are depleted in a harvested forest system compared with an old growth forest, even when storage in wood products and landfill are included. We estimated that continued logging under current plans represented a loss of 5.56 Tg C over 5 years in the area logged (824 km2), compared with a potential gain of 5.18–6.05 TgC over 5 years by allowing continued growth across the montane ash forest region (2326 km2). Avoiding emissions by not logging native forests and allowing them to continue growing is therefore an important form of carbon sequestration. The mitigation value of forest management options of protection versus logging should be assessed in terms of the amount, longevity and resilience of the carbon stored in the forest, rather than the annual rate of carbon uptake.
Individual variation in migratory path and behavior among Eastern Lark Sparrows
Authors: Ross Jeremy D. , Bridge Eli S. , Rozmarynowycz Mark J. , Bingman Verner P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo general migration strategies prevail among temperate-breeding migratory songbirds of North America. Most “Eastern” birds migrate relatively directly from breeding to wintering grounds immediately after molting, whereas a substantial proportion of “Western” species depart breeding grounds early, and molt during extended migratory stopovers before reaching wintering areas. The Lark Sparrow is one of a few Western Neotropical migrants with a breeding range that extends into regions dominated by Eastern species. We sought to determine whether Eastern Lark Sparrows migrated in a manner consistent with Western conspecifics or follow typical Eastern songbird migratory patterns. To do so, we tracked individual Eastern Lark Sparrows equipped with geolocators between their breeding grounds in Ohio and their unknown wintering locations. Data from three Ohio Lark Sparrows revealed 1) individual variation in the duration and directness of autumn migrations, 2) autumn departures that consistently preceded molt, 3) wintering grounds in the central highlands of Mexico, and 4) brief and direct spring migrations. These observations suggest that eastern populations of prevailingly Western migrants, such as Lark Sparrows, may be behaviorally constrained to depart breeding grounds before molt, but may facultatively adjust migration en route.
Detection of ionospheric signatures from GPS-derived total electron content maps
Authors: Durgonics T. , Prates G. , Berrocoso M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The processing of measurement data from satelliteconstellations such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS), including the well-known Global PositioningSystem (GPS), have been successfully applied to virtuallyall areas of geophysical sciences. In this work, amethod is described where Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are employed to build hourly ionospheric TotalElectron Content (TEC) maps for 2011 over the southernIberian Peninsula. The maps used GPS-derived geometryfreelinear combinations attained from station data fromthe Algarve, Alentejo (Portugal), Andalusia, Murcia andValencia (Spain) regions. Following the construction ofthe ionospheric maps, it was possible to relate these resultsto natural phenomena. The observed phenomena includeddiurnal and seasonal variations: daytime TEC maxima,nighttime TEC peaks, summer TEC value decreases,and spring and fall TEC maxima. After validation of theseperiodic phenomena, detection of non-periodic changes,such as solar flares and tectonic interactions with the ionospherewere attempted. The results showed a TEC increasefollowing a selected solar flare event and a potential TECbuild-up prior to the 2011 Lorca earthquake. Further studiescould open up the possibility of building early warningsystems. The presented methods, based on available softwarepackages, are also of value in monitoring the effect ofthe ionosphere on radio signals, satellite and mobile communication,power grids, and for accurate GNSS navigation.
Molecular identification of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Lama guanicoe from Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Petrigh R. , Fugassa M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is the major inhabitant and the largest wild artiodactyl in Patagonia. The introduction of invasive species into its ecological niche poses ecological risks, since invasive species may introduce harmful parasites to this native species. In this work, filariform larvae of the Nematodirus genus were found in feces of guanacos from the Perito Moreno National Park in Argentina. All species were characterized according to morphological features and molecular analyses using ribosomal DNA (rDNA). For the molecular analysis, rDNA fragments were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The results of the BLASTN comparison threw a 99 % of identity with Nematodirus spathiger and 97 % with N. helvetianus, suggesting that N. spathiger is the infecting parasite. Nematodirus spathiger together with N. filicollis and N. battus causes diarrhea and deaths in sheep and, in some cases, in South American camelids. The availability of more accurate diagnostic methods such as PCR could improve the control measures for gastrointestinal helminthiasis.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Oesophagostomum stephanostomum in wild lowland gorillas at Moukalaba-Doudou National Park, Gabon
Authors: Makouloutou P. , Mbehang Nguema P. , Fujita S. , Takenoshita Y. , Hasegawa H. , Yanagida T. , Sato H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Using a sedimentation method, the prevalence of the nodular worm Oesophagostomum stephanostomum (Nematoda: Strongylida) in western lowland gorillas at Moukalaba-Doudou National Park (MDNP), Gabon, was determined in fecal samples collected between January 2007 and October 2011, along with their coprocultures. Concurrently, possible zoonotic Oesophagostomum infections in villagers living near MDNP were assessed from their fecal samples collected during October and November of 2011. In the gorillas, strongylid (Oesophagostomum and/or hookworm) eggs were found in 47 of 235 fecal samples (20.0 %) and Oesophagostomum larvae were detected in 101 of 229 coprocultures (44.1 %). In the villagers, strongylid eggs were found in 9 of 71 fecal samples (12.7 %), but no Oesophagostomum larvae were detected in coprocultures. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit-1 (cox-1) region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of coprocultured Oesophagostomum larvae were amplified using parasite DNA extracted from 7–25 larvae/sample, cloned into Escherichia coli, and sequenced. Sequenced rDNA contained 353/354-bp long ITS1, 151-bp long 5.8S rDNA, and 227-bp long ITS2. Parts of clones showed variations at 1–3 bases in the ITS1 region at a frequency of 24/68 (35.3 %) and at 1–2 bases in the ITS2 region at a frequency of 7/68 (10.3 %), whereas the 5.8S rDNA was essentially identical. Sequenced cox-1 gene of the parasites, 849 bp in length, showed a higher number of nucleotide variations, mainly at the third nucleotide position of the codon. The majority of clones (27/41 (65.9 %)) had an identical amino acid sequence. These results suggest that at MDNP, Gabon, only a single population of O. stephanostomum with a degree of genetic diversity is prevalent in western lowland gorillas, without zoonotic complication in local inhabitants. The possible genetic variations in the ITS region of rDNA and cox-1gene of mtDNA presented here may be valuable when only a limited amount of material is available for the molecular species diagnosis of O. stephanostomum.
Endoparasitoses in hospitalised paediatric patients with pulmonary disease
Authors: Juriš P. , Dudlová A. , Fábry J. , Melter J. , Miškovská M. , Mindžáková E. , Jarčuška P. , Krčméry V. , Čisláková L. , Papajová I. , Sysel D. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Faeces examination of hospitalised paediatric patients with respiratory diseases (recurrent and chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, contact with TBC, active TBC, rhinopharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis, fluidothorax, pleuropneumonia) revealed the total prevalence of endoparasites of 19.85 %, out of which the prevalence of helminth was 7.35 %. Following genera, or species were represented Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichuria, Hymenolepis spp., Enterobius vermicularis. The total prevalence of protozoa was 12.50 % in the following representation: Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba spp., Isospora spp., Giardia spp. Out of helminthoses the greatest representation was in Ascaris lumbricoides 4.41 %, and out of protozoa Cryptosporidium spp. 6.62 %. In paediatric patients the increased levels of IgE antibodies were found for individual age groups as well as higher values of eosinophiles (Eo > 5 %), lymphocytes (Lym > 56 %), and Creactive protein (CRP > 8 mg.l−1). Statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher level (above the reference values) of IgE, Eo, Lym were found in the patients with helminthoses.
Comparative morphological and molecular identification of Haemonchus species in sheep
Authors: Vadlejch J. , Lukešová D. , Vašek J. , Vejl P. , Sedlák P. , Čadková Z. , Langrová I. , Jankovská I. , Salaba O. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A combined approach in the determination of Haemonchus nematodes from sheep was applied in this trial. Using selected morphological characters 90.2 % females and 84.2 % males of Haemonchus contortus and 9.8 % females and 15.8 % males of Haemonchus placei were identified. Although cluster analysis based on morphological identification clearly separated two Haemonchus species, H. contortus was exclusively detected in all specimens using restriction cleavage of the ITS-2 region with FspBI endonuclease as well as through the sequencing analysis. Because sheep from both farms have never had contact with other ruminants, and the farmers apply only closed flock turnover, we assume that only H. contortus mono-infection occurred on both farms. This opinion is also supported by molecular data. The most striking result of our study was the finding which indicates that the discriminant function is not able to accurately identify Haemonchus males at the species level.
Steinernema kraussei (Steiner, 1923) (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) — the first record from Poland
Authors: Tumialis D. , Gromadka R. , Skrzecz I. , Pezowicz E. , Mazurkiewicz A. , Popowska - Nowak E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This study reports the first record of Steinernema kraussei from Poland. The nematode was isolated from coniferous woodlands in 4 localities in central Poland. Preliminary identification of the species was done based on morphometric measurements. To confirm nematode species of the genus Steinernema the result was supported by the description of the ITS region.
Analyzing scientific knowledge in documents: The case of regulatory impact assessment
Authors: Staroňová Katarína 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is seen as a tool for increasing evidence-based policy making and as such it is being integrated into decision-making procedures on a wide range of issues. Based on systematic consultation, clear criteria for policy choice, and economic analysis of how costs and benefits impact on a wide range of affected parties, this tool operates by using scientific knowledge and technical analysis rather than political considerations. Scientific knowledge can be used to achieve instrumental learning (Radaelli, 2009, OECD), policy change (Sabatier, 1999), to impact on decision making (Caplan, 1979; C.H.Weiss, 1999) but also to seek legitimacy from the policy environment (Edelman, 1985; Schrefler, 2010). This article suggests an analytical framework for analysing RIA documents with insight from knowledge utilization theories. We argue that in order to better understand the RIA itself, we need to look at institutional factors as well. The combination of institutional context variables and variables for RIA document content analysis which make up worldviews in this framework provide the basis for the document analysis and exploration of RIA in its context.
Tools for transferring lay knowledge into local municipal public policy in Slovak local municipalities
Authors: Čupka Matúš , Števove Katarína 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Citizen participation can be considered a key part of public policy making and is also one of the reasons for the growing expert interest in this issue. This article focuses on specific knowledge, socalled “lay knowledge”, which can be identified as knowledge gained from “non experts” through civic participation. The article establishes when and how this type of knowledge enters the policy-making process via specific selected tools and provides practical examples from local and municipal public policy.
The impact of land use and water quality on the flora of ecotones along a small lowland river (Central Poland)
Authors: Kopeć Dominik , Dałkowski Radosław , Walisch Marek , Woziwoda Beata , Strumiłło Marta 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The presented study describes the plant species diversity within the terrestrial-water ecotone in relation to the land-use form in a river valley. The study was performed in a lowland river valley where the main forms of riparian zones are partially urbanized, forested and agricultural; the latter being most commonly observed in the investigated region. The present study examines the vascular flora of ecotones where more than 100 plant species were identified. Ecological indices were calculated at all sampling sites based on Zarzycki’s ecological values and biodiversity indices. In addition, the aim of the study was to identify the relationships between the physico-chemical parameters of the water and the floristic indicators in the neighbouring ecotones.
Effect of extremely severe winters on under-ice phytoplankton development in a mesotrophic lake (Eastern Poland)
Authors: Wojciechowska Władysława , Lenard Tomasz 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The research was carried out in a mesotrophic and dimictic lake during winters with ice cover. In the last forty years, the development of phytoplankton was analyzed in five extreme winter seasons. The studies of phytoplankton characteristics in the water column took into account values of biomass, concentration of chlorophyll-a and species composition, including dominant species. Differences in the vertical distribution of flagellate and non-flagellate species belonging to cyanobacteria and algae were analyzed in the gradient of light and thermal conditions. The phytoplankton biomass was low and vertically differentiated, with the lowest values at the deeper part of the water column. Flagellate species from the group of Cryptophyceae, Chrysophyceae and Dinophyceae were most abundant. Species biodiversity was low but every winter the dominant species represented different taxonomic groups. In some periods, larger non-motile phytoplankton species from green or blue-green algae dominated. The research proved that the development of phytoplankton under the ice cover was limited mainly by light and, to a lesser extent, by temperature.