bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adult pre B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with unusually large proportion of bone marrow CD45 bright/high SSc blasts
Authors: Shahal‐Zimra Yael , Rotem Zohar , Chezar Judith , Oniashvili Nino , Leader Avi , Raanani Pia , Rabizadeh Esther 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundWe present a pre B‐ALL patient with the rare clinical manifestation of extramedullary disease, and a normal hemogram. This patient's blasts expressed bright CD45 and high side scatter (SSc) placing the cells in the monocyte gate.MethodsSamples from peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) aspirate from a 50‐year‐old female patient were immunophenotyped by multiparametric flow cytometry.ResultsFlow cytometry studies of the BM aspirate showed a large monocyte gate with 90‐95% of the cells expressing an abnormal B cell phenotype. Peripheral white blood cells count was normal and cytogenetic analysis of the BM revealed a normal karyotype.ConclusionIt was not possible, based on CD45/SSc to identify a lymphoblast population in this pre B‐ALL patient. Although bright expression of CD45 B‐ALL blasts has been associated with poor prognosis to the best of our knowledge, the combination of bright CD45 blasts with high SSc has not been reported. As CD45 expression vs. SSc is routinely measured in the diagnostics of acute leukemias, a possible association between CD45 bright positivity and extramedullary disease or prognosis warrants further exploration. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Steroid Sulfatase Inhibitors Based on Phosphate and Thiophosphate Flavone Analogs
Authors: Kozak Witold , Daśko Mateusz , Masłyk Maciej , Kubiński Konrad , Rachon Janusz , Demkowicz Sebastian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

A series of phosphate and thiophosphate flavone derivatives were synthesized and biologically evaluated in vitro for inhibition of steroid sulfatase (STS) activity. The described synthesis includes the straightforward preparation of 7‐hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one 3a, 2‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐7‐hydroxy‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one 3b, 7‐hydroxy‐2‐(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one 3c, 7‐hydroxy‐2‐(p‐tolyl)‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one 3d modified with different phosphate or thiophosphate moieties. The inhibitory properties of the synthesized compounds were tested against human placenta STS. Some of the novel STS inhibitors had good activities against STS. In particular, the bis‐(4‐oxo‐2‐(p‐tolyl)‐4H‐chromen‐7‐yl) hydrogenthiophosphate, 6i had the most potent inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 3.25 µM as compared to an IC50 value of 8.50 µM for the 2‐(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐chromen‐4‐one‐7‐O‐sulfamate used as a reference. Drug Dev Res 76 : 450–462, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of sensory modality in prepulse inhibition: An ontogenetic study
Authors: Moran Landhing M. , Hord Lauren L. , Booze Rosemarie M. , Harrod Steven B. , Mactutus Charles F. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDeficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of sensorimotor gating, are observed in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the large PPI literature, the majority of studies characteristically employ tests with one interstimulus interval (ISI), of one modality, at one age. In the context of the auditory startle response (ASR), the present study examined (1) the profile for the ontogeny of PPI through adulthood in Long–Evans hooded rats with a reasonably comprehensive ISI function, (2) whether the ontogenetic profile for PPI is sensitive to modality of the prepulse stimulus, as a within‐session variable, and (3) whether the maturation of PPI differs for males and females. Despite the basic effect of more pronounced PPI in adult relative to preweanling animals, each sensory modality displayed a unique ontogenetic profile for PPI, without any compelling evidence for major differences between males and females, in accordance with the known temporal course of peripheral and central maturational profiles of sensory systems in the rat. The context for assessing auditory PPI (auditory and tactile vs. auditory and visual prepulses) influenced the overall startle response, i.e., a shift in the height of the entire profile, but did not significantly impact the auditory PPI profile per se. The translational relevance of preclinical sensorimotor assessments to patients with neurodevelopmental and/or neuropsychiatric disorders depends partly on an understanding of the ontogeny of sensorimotor gating in different sensory systems, and can be strengthened with the use of a reasonably comprehensive number of ISIs to provide relatively precise and defined response functions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 211–222, 2016.
DPP‐4 inhibitors and risk of infections: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Wenjia , Cai Xiaoling , Han Xueyao , Ji Linong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the risk of infections in the treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors.MethodsA literature search was conducted through electronic databases. The inclusion criteria included study duration of no less than 12 weeks developed in type 2 diabetes patients, the use of a randomized control group receiving a DPP‐4 inhibitor and the availability of outcome data for infections. Out of 2181 studies, 74 studies were finally included.ResultsThe risk of overall infection for DPP‐4 inhibitors treatment was comparable to placebo (odds ratio (OR) = 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91 to 1.04, p = 0.40), metformin treatment (OR = 1.22, 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.56, p = 0.12), sulphonylurea treatment (OR = 1.09, 0.93 to 1.29, p = 0.29), thiazolidinedione treatment (OR = 0.86, 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.14, p = 0.29) and alpha glucosidase inhibitor treatment (OR = 1.03, 95% CI, 0.33 to 3.22, p = 0.96). When compared different DPP‐4 inhibitors with placebo treatment, risks of infections were comparable for alogliptin, linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin. Compared with placebo or active comparator treatment, risks of infection in different systems for DPP‐4 inhibitors were all comparable.ConclusionsThe overall risk of infections of DPP‐4 inhibitor was not increased compared with control groups. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of standardized versus individualized caloric prescriptions in the nutritional rehabilitation of inpatients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Haynos Ann F. , Snipes Cassandra , Guarda Angela , Mayer Laurel E. , Attia Evelyn 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveSparse research informs how caloric prescriptions should be advanced during nutritional rehabilitation of inpatients with anorexia nervosa (AN). This study compared the impact of a standardized caloric increase approach, in which increases occurred on a predetermined schedule, to an individualized approach, in which increases occurred only following insufficient weight gain, on rate, pattern, and cumulative amount of weight gain and other weight restoration outcomes.MethodThis study followed a natural experiment design comparing AN inpatients consecutively admitted before (n = 35) and after (n = 35) an institutional change from individualized to standardized caloric prescriptions. Authors examined the impact of prescription plan on weekly weight gain in the first treatment month using multilevel modeling. Within a subsample remaining inpatient through weight restoration (n = 40), multiple regressions examined the impact of caloric prescription plan on time to weight restoration, length of hospitalization, maximum caloric prescription, discharge BMI, and incidence of activity restriction and edema.ResultsThere were significant interactions between prescription plan and quadratic time on average weekly weight gain (p = .03) and linear time on cumulative weekly weight gain (p < .001). Under the standardized plan, patients gained in an accelerated curvilinear pattern (p = .04) and, therefore, gained cumulatively greater amounts of weight over time (p < .001). Additionally, 30% fewer patients required activity restriction under the standardized plan.DiscussionStandardized caloric prescriptions may confer advantage by facilitating accelerated early weight gain and lower incidence of bedrest without increasing the incidence of refeeding syndrome. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:50–58).
Design and Synthesis of an Au@MIL‐53(NH2) Catalyst for a One‐Pot Aerobic Oxidation/Knoevenagel Condensation Reaction
Authors: Qi Yue , Luan Yi , Peng Xiong , Yang Ming , Hou Junying , Wang Ge 
Published: September 2015

AbstractHighly dispersed gold nanoparticles were deposited on an amino‐functionalized Al‐based MIL‐53 metal–organic framework by a facile adsorption/reduction strategy. The aromatic amino groups were utilized for adsorption and stabilization of AuCl4– and as basic catalytic sites in the Knoevenagel reaction. The bifunctional Au@MIL‐53(NH2) catalyst was utilized to develop an efficient one‐pot aerobic oxidation of alcohols/Knoevenagel condensation reaction that takes advantage of Au0 and NH2 incorporation at the same time. The roles of Au and NH2 groups were systematically investigated to elucidate their functionality during the one‐pot reaction. In addition, the Au@MIL‐53(NH2) catalyst can be easily recycled up to five times without leaching of the active centres or significant loss of catalytic activity.
Placebo and nocebo effects on itch: effects, mechanisms, and predictors
Authors: Bartels Danielle J.P. , van Laarhoven Antoinette I.M. , van de Kerkhof Peter C.M. , Evers Andrea W.M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPlacebo and nocebo effects have been extensively studied in the field of pain and more recently also on itch. In accordance with placebo research on pain, expectancy learning via verbal suggestion or conditioning has shown to induce placebo and nocebo effects on itch, in which the combination of both procedures seems most promising. Moreover, itch can also be transferred ‘contagiously’ in which suggestion and social behavioural learning seem to play a role. With regard to predictors of placebo and nocebo responding on itch and contagious itch, preliminary evidence suggests a role for individual psychological characteristics and personality traits regarding negative outcome expectancies. Although findings on placebo and nocebo effects on itch seem comparable to pain, we have only just begun to understand the underlying mechanisms and predictors of placebo and nocebo effects on itch.
Role of personality and expectations for itch and scratching induced by audiovisual itch stimuli
Authors: Schut C. , Rädel A. , Frey L. , Gieler U. , Kupfer J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractItch is an unpleasant, bodily sensation, which – similar to pain – evokes behavioral reactions. As a response to itch, people start scratching. There are different ways to provoke itch and subsequent scratching in experimental settings. A non‐invasive method to induce itch and scratching is the presentation of itch‐related (audio‐) visual stimulus material, like slide‐supported lectures on skin diseases or crawling insects. Also, watching videos showing other people scratching provokes itch and the desire to scratch. In this review, we focus on psychological factors, which were shown to be associated with itch and scratching provoked by (audio‐) visual itch stimuli. First, we summarize the findings on the relationship between personality characteristics and (audio‐) visually induced itch. Agreeableness and self‐consciousness were shown to be associated with induced itch and scratching in patients with chronic skin diseases, while neuroticism was linked to induced itch in healthy subjects. Second, we present results of a recent study, in which we altered the expectations towards audio‐visually induced itch and scratching by changing the information given on upcoming itch stimuli. It was shown that subjects being informed about itch stimuli in a neutral way displayed a shorter scratch duration in itch inducing situations than subjects having catastrophizing expectations. Also, the increase in scratch duration and in the number of scratch movements induced by audiovisual itch stimuli was higher when the patients were not informed about itch induction. Thus, in itch patients neither catastrophizing nor trivializing symptoms seems to be helpful.
Malignancy‐associated pruritus
Authors: Rowe B. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMalignancy‐associated pruritus can be the result of a neoplasm's local effect on tissue or due to the systemic reaction to malignancy. A systemic reaction to malignancy has been termed ‘paraneoplastic itch’ and can be the first sign of an underlying malignancy. Paraneoplastic itch is most commonly caused by lymphoproliferative malignancies, and severity of itch correlates with stage of disease in Hodgkin's lymphoma and polycythemia vera. Non‐melanoma skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy‐associated pruritus, and recent data indicate that pruritus is associated with more than one‐third of non‐melanoma skin cancers. Cutaneous T‐cell lymphomas (CTCL), particularly more advanced stages, cause intractable pruritus and recent investigations into the pathophysiology of CTCL‐associated itch have implicated cyotokine interleukin‐31 as a putative mediator. Treatments that reduce itch in CTCL patients, such as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), Mogamulizumab, a novel monoclonal antibody against chemokine receptor type‐4, and oral corticosteroids, have demonstrated a correlation between their anti‐pruritic effect and reduced serum levels of interleukin‐31.
Photoelectrochemical Aptasensor for the Sensitive Detection of Microcystin‐LR Based on Graphene Functionalized Vertically‐aligned TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Meichuan , Yu Jing , Ding Xue , Zhao Guohua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this work, a visible‐light driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor with high sensitivity and selectivity for cyanobacterial toxin Microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR) has been developed. MC‐LR aptamers, serving as the specific recognition element, were conveniently immobilized onto vertically‐aligned titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2 NTs) photoanode substrate with the aid of graphene via π–π stacking interactions between the graphene hexagonal cells and the nucleobases of the DNA. The functionalization of graphene further endowed the constructed aptasensor visible‐light response activity. The aptasensor was used for the label‐free analysis of MC‐LR by monitoring the increase in photocurrent that resulted from the binding of MC‐LR and its aptamers. Results showed that the photocurrent increment had a linear relationship with logarithm of MC‐LR concentration in the range from 1.0 to 500 fM and the limit of detection reached as low as 0.5 fM. Furthermore, the aptasensor exhibited high selectivity while used to detect 100‐fold concentration other several potential coexisting interferents. A promising PEC aptasensing platform for highly sensitive and selective monitoring of MC‐LR has thus been established.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Serpentine Flow Fields for Improving Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Performance
Authors: Sudaroli B. Mullai , Kolar A. Kumar 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMethanol crossover is an important issue as it affects direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. But it may be controlled by selecting a proper flow field design. Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of single, double and triple serpentine flow field configurations on a DMFC with a 25 cm2 membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a constant open ratio. A three dimensional model was also developed for the anode of the DMFC to predict methanol concentration and cell current density distributions. Experimental and model results show that at lower methanol concentrations (0.25–0.5M), single serpentine flow field (SSFF) provides high peak power density, while a double serpentine flow field (DSFF) gives high peak power density at a high methanol concentration (1–2M). Single and double serpentine flow fields exhibit the same peak power density (33 mW cm−2) at 1M. But the cell efficiency of double serpentine flow field is 12.5% which is 3.5% point greater than single serpentine flow field. This is attributed to reduced mixed potential. triple serpentine flow field (TSFF) shows the lowest peak power density and cell efficiency, which is attributed to high mass transfer resistance.
Reward breaks through center‐surround inhibition via anterior insula
Authors: Wang Lihui , Yu Hongbo , Hu Jie , Theeuwes Jan , Gong Xiaoliang , Xiang Yang , Jiang Changjun , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFocusing attention on a target creates a center‐surround inhibition such that distractors located close to the target do not capture attention. Recent research showed that a distractor can break through this surround inhibition when associated with reward. However, the brain basis for this reward‐based attention is unclear. In this fMRI study, we presented a distractor associated with high or low reward at different distances from the target. Behaviorally the low‐reward distractor did not capture attention and thus did not cause interference, whereas the high‐reward distractor captured attention only when located near the target. Neural activity in extrastriate cortex mirrored the behavioral pattern. A comparison between the high‐reward and the low‐reward distractors presented near the target (i.e., reward‐based attention) and a comparison between the high‐reward distractors located near and far from the target (i.e., spatial attention) revealed a common frontoparietal network, including inferior frontal gyrus and inferior parietal sulcus as well as the visual cortex. Reward‐based attention specifically activated the anterior insula (AI). Dynamic causal modelling showed that reward modulated the connectivity from AI to the frontoparietal network but not the connectivity from the frontoparietal network to the visual cortex. Across participants, the reward‐based attentional effect could be predicted both by the activity in AI and by the changes of spontaneous functional connectivity between AI and ventral striatum before and after reward association. These results suggest that AI encodes reward‐based salience and projects it to the stimulus‐driven attentional network, which enables the reward‐associated distractor to break through the surround inhibition in the visual cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5233–5251, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A parsimonious statistical method to detect groupwise differentially expressed functional connectivity networks
Authors: Chen Shuo , Kang Jian , Xing Yishi , Wang Guoqing 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGroup‐level functional connectivity analyses often aim to detect the altered connectivity patterns between subgroups with different clinical or psychological experimental conditions, for example, comparing cases and healthy controls. We present a new statistical method to detect differentially expressed connectivity networks with significantly improved power and lower false‐positive rates. The goal of our method was to capture most differentially expressed connections within networks of constrained numbers of brain regions (by the rule of parsimony). By virtue of parsimony, the false‐positive individual connectivity edges within a network are effectively reduced, whereas the informative (differentially expressed) edges are allowed to borrow strength from each other to increase the overall power of the network. We develop a test statistic for each network in light of combinatorics graph theory, and provide p‐values for the networks (in the weak sense) by using permutation test with multiple‐testing adjustment. We validate and compare this new approach with existing methods, including false discovery rate and network‐based statistic, via simulation studies and a resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging case–control study. The results indicate that our method can identify differentially expressed connectivity networks, whereas existing methods are limited. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5196–5206, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patient specific hemodynamic response functions associated with interictal discharges recorded via simultaneous intracranial EEG‐fMRI
Authors: Beers Craig A. , Williams Rebecca J. , Gaxiola‐Valdez Ismael , Pittman Daniel J. , Kang Anita T. , Aghakhani Yahya , Pike G. Bruce , Goodyear Bradley G. , Federico Paolo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSimultaneous collection of scalp EEG and fMRI has become an important tool for studying the hemodynamic changes associated with interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in persons with epilepsy, and has become a standard presurgical assessment tool in some centres. We previously demonstrated that performing EEG‐fMRI using intracranial electrodes (iEEG‐fMRI) is of low risk to patients in our research centre, and offers unique insight into BOLD signal changes associated with IEDs recorded from very discrete sources. However, it is unknown whether the BOLD response corresponding to IEDs recorded by iEEG‐fMRI follows the canonical hemodynamic response. We therefore scanned 11 presurgical epilepsy patients using iEEG‐fMRI, and assessed the hemodynamic response associated with individual IEDs using two methods: assessment of BOLD signal changes associated with isolated IEDs at the location of the active intracranial electrode, and by estimating subject‐specific impulse response functions to isolated IEDs. We found that the hemodynamic response associated with the intracranially recorded discharges varied by patient and by spike location. The observed shape and timing differences also deviated from the canonical hemodynamic response function traditionally used in many fMRI experiments. It is recommended that future iEEG‐fMRI studies of IEDs use a flexible hemodynamic response model when performing parametric tests to accurately characterize these data. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5252–5264, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural basis of disgust perception in racial prejudice
Authors: Liu Yunzhe , Lin Wanjun , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Dandan , Luo Yuejia 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWorldwide racial prejudice is originated from in‐group/out‐group discrimination. This prejudice can bias face perception at the very beginning of social interaction. However, little is known about the neurocognitive mechanism underlying the influence of racial prejudice on facial emotion perception. Here, we examined the neural basis of disgust perception in racial prejudice using a passive viewing task and functional magnetic resonance imaging. We found that compared with the disgusted faces of in‐groups, the disgusted faces of out‐groups result in increased amygdala and insular engagement, positive coupling of the insula with amygdala‐based emotional system, and negative coupling of the insula with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)‐based regulatory system. Furthermore, machine‐learning algorithms revealed that the level of implicit racial prejudice could be predicted by functional couplings of the insula with both the amygdala and the ACC, which suggests that the insula is largely involved in racially biased disgust perception through two distinct neural circuits. In addition, individual difference in disgust sensitivity was found to be predictive of implicit racial prejudice. Taken together, our results suggest a crucial role of insula‐centered circuits for disgust perception in racial prejudice. Hum Brain Mapp 36:5275–5286, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.