bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amyloid beta–independent sleep markers associated with early regional tau burden and cortical thinning
Authors: Stankeviciute Laura , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Levin Raina , Pinilla Valentina , Schultz Aaron P. , Redline Susan , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. , Kozhemiako Nataliia , Purcell Shaun , Djonlagic Ina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONSleep is crucial for memory consolidation and the clearance of toxic proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between sleep characteristics and imaging biomarkers of early amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathology as well as neurodegeneration in brain regions known to be affected in the incipient stages of AD.METHODSThirty‐nine cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants of the Harvard Aging Brain Study underwent at‐home polysomnography as well as tau positron emission tomography (flortaucipir‐PET), amyloid PET (Pittsburgh compound B [PiB]‐PET), and magnetic resonance imaging–derived assessment of cortical thickness (CT).RESULTSIncreased N1 sleep was associated with a higher tau PET signal (β = 0.009, p = 0.001) and lower CT in the temporal composite region of interest (β = –0.017, p = 0.007). Decreased slow‐wave sleep (SWS) was associated with higher tau burden in the temporal composite (β = –0.008, p = 0.005) and lower CT (β = 0.008, p = 0.002), even after controlling for global PiB‐PET.DISCUSSIONIn CU older adults, lower SWS and higher N1 sleep were associated with higher tau burden and lower CT in brain regions associated with early tau deposition and vulnerable to AD‐related neurodegeneration through mechanisms dissociable from amyloid deposition.Highlights
We report the results of an observational study, which leveraged ‐a well‐characterized cohort of healthy aging (Harvard Aging Brain Study) by adding in‐home full polysomnograms.
By adding at‐home polysomnograms to this unique and deeply phenotyped cohort, we examined variations in sleep architecture that are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologic changes.
Our results confirmed the association of sleep changes with early tau and cortical neurodegenerative changes that were independent of amyloid.
The results will be of importance in monitoring sleep‐related variations in relation to the natural history of AD pathology and in designing sleep‐focused clinical trials.
NODDI in gray matter is a sensitive marker of aging and early AD changes
Authors: Yu Xi , Przybelski Scott A. , Reid Robert I. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Raghavan Sheelakumari , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Lowe Val J. , Kantarci Kejal , Knopman David S. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Vemuri Prashanthi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAge‐related and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia–related neurodegeneration impact brain health. While morphometric measures from T1‐weighted scans are established biomarkers, they may be less sensitive to earlier changes. Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), offering biologically meaningful interpretation of tissue microstructure, may be an advanced brain health biomarker.METHODSWe contrasted regional gray matter NODDI and morphometric evaluations concerning their correlation with (1) age, (2) clinical diagnosis stage, and (3) tau pathology as assessed by AV1451 positron emission tomography.RESULTSOur study hypothesizes that NODDI measures are more sensitive to aging and early AD changes than morphometric measures. One NODDI output, free water fraction (FWF), showed higher sensitivity to age‐related changes, generally better effect sizes in separating mild cognitively impaired from cognitively unimpaired participants, and stronger associations with regional tau deposition than morphometric measures.DISCUSSIONThese findings underscore NODDI's utility in capturing early neurodegenerative changes and enhancing our understanding of aging and AD.Highlights
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging can serve as an effective brain health biomarker for aging and early Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Free water fraction has higher sensitivity to normal brain aging.
Free water fraction has stronger associations with early AD and regional tau deposition.
Sepsis shapes the human γδ TCR repertoire in an age‐ and pathogen‐dependent manner
Authors: Giannoni Eric , Sanchez Sanchez Guillem , Verdebout Isoline , Papadopoulou Maria , Rezwani Moosa , Ahmed Raya , Ladell Kristin , Miners Kelly L. , McLaren James E. , Fraser Donald J. , Price David A. , Eberl Matthias ,   Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study, Agyeman Philipp K.A. , Schlapbach Luregn J , Vermijlen David 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSepsis affects 25 million children per year globally, leading to 2.9 million deaths and substantial disability in survivors. Extensive characterization of interactions between the host and bacteria in children is required to design novel preventive and therapeutic strategies tailored to this age group. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the first T cells generated in humans. These cells are defined by the expression of Vγ9Vδ2 T‐cell receptors (TCRs, using the TRGV9 and TRDV2 gene segments), which react strongly against the prototypical bacterial phosphoantigen HMBPP. We investigated this reactivity by analyzing the TCR δ (TRD) repertoire in the blood of 76 children (0–16 years) with blood culture‐proven bacterial sepsis caused by HMBPP‐positive Escherichia coli or by HMBPP‐negative Staphylococcus aureus or by HMBPP‐negative Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strikingly, we found that S. aureus, and to a lesser extent E. coli but not S. pneumoniae, shaped the TRDV2 repertoire in young children (<2 years) but not in older children or adults. This dichotomy was due to the selective expansion of a fetal TRDV2 repertoire. Thus, young children possess fetal‐derived Vγ9Vδ2 T cells that are highly responsive toward specific bacterial pathogens.
Regiospecific Conversion of Aliphatic Allenes to Dithioacetals via Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Hydrothiolation
Authors: Thakuri Rajendr S. , Rina Yesmin A. , Schmidt Joseph A. R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnlike aromatic allenes, the hydrothiolation of aliphatic allenes has proven challenging for previously developed catalysts. Herein, a 3‐iminophosphine supported palladium catalyst is shown to be highly effective for the double hydrothiolation of aliphatic allenes, producing dithioacetals in a regioselective and atom‐efficient manner. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated for twelve new dithioacetals formed from aliphatic allenes and aryl thiols and isolated in moderate to excellent yields in all cases.
Synthesis and Characterization of (OC‐6‐33)‐Dichloridobis((4‐(13C2)ethoxy)‐4‐(13C4)oxobutanoato)bis((15N)ethylamine)platinum(IV). Time‐Dependent NMR Spectroscopy and HPLC‐MS Investigations on its Stability in Cell Culture Medium
Authors: Maier Thomas , Keppler Bernhard K. , Galanski Mathea S. , Varbanov Hristo P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to investigate the stability of an experimental anticancer platinum(IV) prodrug in cell culture media, (OC‐6‐33)‐dichloridobis((4‐ethoxy)‐4‐oxobutanoato)bis(ethylamine)‐platinum(IV) was synthesized with 15N labeled equatorial and fully 13C labeled axial ligands. The title compound as well as its stability in cell culture media was investigated in depth by 1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC‐MS. Different platinum(IV) compounds as a result of hydrolysis were detected in cell culture media as main species. Besides hydrolysis of one or both equatorial chlorido ligands, also hydrolysis of the ester moiety in the axial ligands and release of ethanol could be observed. The different mono and dihydroxidoplatinum(IV) species were proven by 195Pt and 13C NMR spectroscopy as well as HPLC coupled to MS and HRMS. Reduction of the title compound to the corresponding platinum(II) analog or reaction of the complex with ingredients of the cell culture media were not observed. In cell culture medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS), the formation of hydrolysis species was slowed down by a factor of two.
Building resilience in Sub‐Saharan Africa's food systems: Diversification, traceability, capacity building and technology for overcoming challenges
Authors: Mekonnen Solomon Abate , Jalata Dassalegn Daraje , Onyeaka Helen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review explores the intricate landscape of food system resilience in Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), focusing on the region's unique challenges and vulnerabilities. SSA confronts a myriad of obstacles, including climate change impacts, inadequate infrastructure and limited access to resources. Nevertheless, our analysis reveals promising drivers of food system resilience that offer a path forward. We emphasize the substantial potential inherent in SSA countries to bolster food system resilience (FSR). Abundant agricultural resources, genetic diversity and a youthful population represent untapped assets that can transform the region's food systems. Strategies such as diversifying suppliers, empowering local farmers and reducing reliance on external sources emerge as pivotal steps to fortify SSA's food system resilience. These initiatives enhance self‐sufficiency and foster economic growth and sustainable practices throughout SSA. Furthermore, our review underscores the crucial role of educational programmes and farmer training initiatives in building local capacity. Equipping communities with sustainable agricultural practices and market insights at the grassroots level reinforces resilience. Additionally, knowledge‐sharing platforms and stakeholder collaboration bridge gaps and facilitate the dissemination of best practices. In the digital age, harnessing technology and data becomes paramount in strengthening SSA's food system resilience. Digital tools and data‐driven approaches offer valuable insights and support adaptive strategies. By integrating these multifaceted drivers, SSA can embark on a comprehensive and holistic journey towards a more resilient and secure food system.
Factors affecting food addiction: emotional eating, palatable eating motivations, and BMI
Authors: Bozkurt Osman , Çamli Ayşe , Kocaadam‐Bozkurt Betül 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvaluating the factors leading to adult food addiction should shed light on potential preventive and treatment strategies for obesity and eating disorders. This research aimed to assess the relationship between food addiction, emotional eating, palatable eating motivations, and the factors that affected them. Five hundred twenty‐two adults participated in this descriptive, cross‐sectional study in Erzurum, Turkey. Participants completed a questionnaire that included a general information form, anthropometric measurements, Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). In total, 181 (34.7%) men and 341 (65.3%) women participated in the study. While 24.7% were overweight or obese, 65.7% had normal BMI (body mass index). Food addiction (FA) was determined in 18.2% of the participants. The FA group had significantly higher PEMS and EEQ scores (p < .001). The risk of FA was 3.18 times higher in women than in men (95% CI = 1.65, 6.13, p = .001). Significant positive associations between FA, BMI (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.11, p = .021), and EEQ (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.23, 1.38, p = .000) were found. Emotional eating behavior and palatable eating motivations are more common in individuals with food addiction than nonfood addiction. Female gender, emotional eating, and high BMI values were determined as risk factors for food addiction.
Nonindustrial pretreatment and enzymes can yield sufficient calories from lignocellulosic biomass for human survival
Authors: Siva Niroshan , Anderson Charles T. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFollowing a global catastrophe causing reduced sunlight, the environment would become unfavorable for crop growth. Under such conditions, people might need to convert inedible plant biomass into food to meet their daily nutritional requirements. However, the possibility of converting biomass into food under low‐resource conditions has not been thoroughly studied. To address this uncertainty, we evaluated the potential for using resources available in a typical household to extract sugars from willow biomass and meet the carbohydrate needs of an adult. Grinding willow biomass in a household blender for 24 min produced willow particles similar to those produced in a laboratory‐scale Wiley mill. Thermal treatments of these particles with hot water extraction, pressure cooking, or microwaving only extracted 0.5%–0.8% (w/w) glucose from the biomass. Household acid or alkali treatments yielded only 0.5% (w/w) glucose. These sugar yields would be insufficient to provide nutrition to an adult. In contrast, enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated willow at 50°C for 72 h yielded 2%–8% (w/w) glucose, and pretreating willow with sodium hydroxide and pressure before enzymatic treatment increased glucose yields to 28% (w/w). With this pretreatment approach and subsequent enzymatic conversion, ~1.4 kg of biomass/day could potentially fulfill the energy needs of an adult under post‐catastrophic conditions. We posit that while biomass can be successfully pretreated for enzymatic deconstruction at a household level, producing sufficient enzymes for efficient sugar extraction from inedible plant biomass in a post‐catastrophic environment might not be feasible at the household scale, thus requiring community‐scale infrastructure and coordination.
Myelin debris phagocytosis in demyelinating disease
Authors: Gao Rui , Song Sheng‐Jiao , Tian Meng‐Yuan , Wang Li‐Bin , Zhang Yuan , Li Xing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDemyelinating diseases are often caused by a variety of triggers, including immune responses, viral infections, malnutrition, hypoxia, or genetic factors, all of which result in the loss of myelin in the nervous system. The accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion site leads to neuroinflammation and inhibits remyelination; therefore, it is crucial to promptly remove the myelin debris. Initially, Fc and complement receptors on cellular surfaces were the primary clearance receptors responsible for removing myelin debris. However, subsequent studies have unveiled the involvement of additional receptors, including Mac‐2, TAM receptors, and the low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 1, in facilitating the removal process. In addition to microglia and macrophages, which serve as the primary effector cells in the disease phase, a variety of other cell types such as astrocytes, Schwann cells, and vascular endothelial cells have been demonstrated to engage in the phagocytosis of myelin debris. Furthermore, we have concluded that oligodendrocyte precursor cells, as myelination precursor cells, also exhibit this phagocytic capability. Moreover, our research group has innovatively identified the low‐density lipoprotein receptor as a potential phagocytic receptor for myelin debris. In this article, we discuss the functional processes of various phagocytes in demyelinating diseases. We also highlight the alterations in signaling pathways triggered by phagocytosis, and provide a comprehensive overview of the various phagocytic receptors involved. Such insights are invaluable for pinpointing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of demyelinating diseases by targeting phagocytosis.
Examining the relationship between demographic variables and perceived health literacy challenges in Tasmania, Australia
Authors: Spencer Madeline , Kemp Nenagh , Cruickshank Vaughan , Nash Rosie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIssue AddressedWhilst there is a relationship between health literacy and health outcomes, the importance of social and personal demographic characteristics remains understudied., Identifying the factors responsible for creating health literacy challenges would help ensure that responses are tailored to individual or community needs.MethodsThis survey included questions from five domains from the Health Literacy Questionnaire. Descriptive analyses and hierarchical regression were used to explore the relationship between the demographic characteristics and health literacy. Qualitative questions were subjected to thematic analysis, to identify the current barriers and proposed solutions.ResultsA total of 255 participants completed the survey. Demographic characteristics that significantly predicted lower Health Literacy Questionnaire scores were having one or more chronic health conditions and living in an area of more socioeconomic disadvantage. Participants found ‘navigating the health care system’ the most difficult of the five elements measured. A total of 276 individual barriers to health literacy were identified and 162 solutions proposed.ConclusionsThis study provides an overview of our sample's health literacy and how their social demographic characteristics may predict their health literacy challenges. Findings from this study can be used to develop targeted interventions to respond to specific health literacy challenges identified within this population.So What?Distinct from other research, whereby solutions are proposed by researchers, the participants in this study were encouraged to share their health literacy challenges and outline potential solutions to address these in their local context.
Revolutionizing diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis treatment: A case report and literature review on “no‐distension” hysteroscopic myomectomy with thoracic tissue forceps
Authors: Zhang Zhengping , Yang Haikun , Pan Ru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiffuse uterine leiomyomatosis (DUL) is a prevalent leiomyoma variant in women of childbearing age, characterized by a uniformly enlarged uterus with numerous interconnected small myomas. Given that most DUL patients are in their reproductive years, treatments that preserve fertility are increasingly vital. This case report introduces an innovative hysteroscopic technique that forgoes uterine distension to remove multiple submucosal fibroids in a single procedure, maintaining endometrial integrity and fertility. A 27‐year‐old single woman experienced prolonged and heavier menstruation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed an enlarged uterus with several round‐like masses in the uterine wall/submucosa. Addressing the patient's financial limitations and treatment preferences, a groundbreaking hysteroscopic surgery was performed using thoracic tissue forceps, alongside bedside ultrasonography, enabling fibroid excision without uterine distension. In total, 38 uterine fibroids were successfully excised without complications such as uterine perforation or hyponatremia. According to the FIGO classification system: three were type III, nine were type II, 15 were type I, and 11 were type 0. Postoperative follow‐up indicated normalized menstrual cycles, improved hemoglobin levels, and no recurrence of fibroids. A hysteroscopic examination 1 month after surgery revealed no significant fibroids or endometrial thickening. This case report underscores the effectiveness of a novel hysteroscopic surgical approach in treating DUL. This method eliminates the need for multiple staged surgeries and the risks of endometrial damage inherent in traditional techniques. It offers a minimally invasive, fertility‐preserving alternative for young DUL patients, marking a significant advancement in gynecologic surgery.
Importance of In Vitro Embryo Model Procedure Standardization
Authors: Kılıç Kubilay Doğan , Yılmaz Zeynep Simge 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn vivo studies offer a detailed understanding of organism functioning, surpassing the insights provided by in vitro studies. These experiments are crucial for comprehending disease emergence, progression, and associated mechanisms in humans, as well as for developing treatments. When choosing experimental models, factors such as genomic similarity, physiological relevance, ethical appropriateness, and economic feasibility must be considered. Standardized protocols enhance the reliability, and reproducibility of scientific methods, promoting the assessment of research in the scientific literature. Researchers conducting embryo studies should establish and document standardized protocols for increased data comparability. Standardization is vital for scientific validity, reproducibility, and comparability in both in vivo and in vitro studies, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of experimental results and advancing scientific knowledge.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Loading Dose Optimization of Intravenous Valproic Acid in Hospitalized Thai Patients
Authors: Sitaruno Sirima , Chumin Tusavadee , Ngamkitpamot Yada , Boonchu Warunee , Setthawatcharawanich Suwanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur goal is to create a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model and identify the best loading dose (LD) of intravenous valproic acid for hospitalized Thai patients. Data from patients who received intravenous valproic acid and underwent measurement of serum valproic acid concentrations during hospitalization were collected retrospectively. A nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling approach was conducted to estimate the PK parameters of valproic acid. Covariates affecting the PK parameters of valproic acid were examined and ranked based on their impact on the model's performance. Monte Carlo simulations of 1000 patients were conducted to estimate the optimal LD of valproic acid. A total of 120 hospitalized patients (51.7% male) with 167 valproic acid concentrations were included in the study. A linear one‐compartment model with constant residual error was the best base model. An age‐covariate model was the best predictor of valproic acid clearance (CL). The typical values of CL and volume of distribution for valproic acid were 0.77 L/h and 14.56 L, respectively. The LD of 1000‐1200 mg intravenous was identified as the pragmatic option as an empirical regimen for hospitalized Thai patients. The recommended time to initiate maintenance dose (MD) is 4‐8 h following the LD. The population PK model and optimal LD of valproic acid in hospitalized Thai patients has been established, and it may be advisable to initiate the MD at a later time for the elderly.
Amendments promote Douglas‐fir survival on Formosa Mine tailings
Authors: Johnson Mark G. , Olszyk David , Bollman Michael , Storm Marjorie J. , Coulombe Rob A. , Nash Maliha , Manning Viola , Trippe Kristin , Watts Donald , Novak Jeffrey 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile mining provides valuable metals and minerals to meet societal demands, it can cause environmental contamination from the residuals (i.e., tailings) of mining. Tailings are often acidic, laden with heavy metals, and lacking adequate nutrients and physical conditions for plant growth, precluding the establishment of plant cover to reduce the offsite movement of mining wastes. This paper describes a case study at the Formosa Mine in Douglas County, Oregon, where tailings were amended with a mixture of lime, biosolids, biochar, and microbial inoculum to facilitate establishment of Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirbel] Franco) seedlings. Results show that the tailings pH increased, and Douglas‐fir seedlings survived and grew with these amendments. After 2 years, pH did, however, decrease in some downslope locations and was associated with an increase in tree mortality. This suggests that tailings conditions should be monitored, and amendments should be reapplied as needed, particularly in areas receiving acidic runoff from unamended upslope tailings, until the seedlings are fully established. This study not only provides a prescription for the addition of biochar and other amendments to enhance plant growth for revegetation purposes in low‐pH, metal‐contaminated mine tailings, but it also demonstrates a method that can be used to address similar problems at other mine sites.