bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diathermy versus scalpel in transverse abdominal incision in women undergoing repeated cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elbohoty Ahmed E. H. , Gomaa Mostafa F. , Abdelaleim Mohamed , Abd‐El‐Gawad Magdi , Elmarakby Mohamed 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the volume of blood loss, wound incision time and wound complication according to use of scalpel or electrosurgery during the creation of transverse abdominal incisions during repeated cesarean section (CS).Material and MethodsA randomized controlled trial was carried out at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. We recruited 130 women with a history of one previous CS at the time of their planned lower‐segment CS. Participants were randomized to anterior abdominal wall opening from subcutaneous tissue till the peritoneum by either the use of scalpel with disposable blade (No. 22) or diathermy using the standard diathermy pen electrode. The main outcome measures were the volume of blood loss from skin incision to the end of the peritoneal incision, the operative time and wound complication.ResultsWe observed a highly significant difference between the two groups in blood loss (median [interquartile range], 11 [8–15.25] g for the diathermy group vs 20 [18–23] g for the scalpel group, P < 0.001) and skin‐to‐peritoneum incision time (median [interquartile range], 7 [5–7.25] min for the diathermy group vs 10 [7–11] min for the scalpel group, P < 0.001). The postoperative pain was less in the diathermy group but wound complications showed no statistical difference.ConclusionThe use of diathermy in the opening of anterior abdominal wall during CS decreases blood loss and operative time but has no impact on postoperative pain or wound complications.
Cytokine (interleukin‐1beta) and MMP levels in gingival crevicular fluid after use of platelet‐rich fibrin or connective tissue graft in the treatment of localized gingival recessions
Authors: Eren G. , Tervahartiala T. , Sorsa T. , Atilla G. 
Published: October 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) in gingival crevicular fluid during the early and late stages of healing in gingival recession sites treated with coronally advanced flap plus platelet‐rich fibrin (CAF+PRF) compared with CAF plus connective tissue graft (CAF+CTG).Material and MethodsTwenty‐four nonsmoking patients with Miller Class I or Class II localized gingival recession defects in bilateral sites received treatment with either CAF+PRF (PRF group) or CAF+CTG (CTG group). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and at 10 d and 1 mo, 3 mo and 6 mo after surgery. The levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and IL‐1β in gingival crevicular fluid were measured using a time‐resolved immunofluorometric assay and ELISAs.ResultsGingival crevicular fluid levels of IL‐1β were significantly elevated in the CTG group at 10 d compared with baseline (p < 0.05). At 10 d after surgery, the levels of TIMP‐1 in gingival crevicular fluid showed a significant decrease in the CTG group compared with the PRF group (p < 0.05). The levels of IL‐1β and MMP‐8 in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in the PRF group than in the CTG group at 10 d (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in all clinical and biochemical parameters at 1, 3, and 6 mo between study groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionRoot coverage with CAF+PRF has a significant effect on increasing gingival crevicular fluid TIMP‐1 levels and suppressing gingival crevicular fluid MMP‐8 and IL‐β levels at 10 d. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP‐8, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and IL‐1β did not seem to be affected by the technique at later phases of wound healing.
Cross‐Language Activation Begins During Speech Planning and Extends Into Second Language Speech
Authors: Jacobs April , Fricke Melinda , Kroll Judith F. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThree groups of native English speakers named words aloud in Spanish, their second language (L2). Intermediate proficiency learners in a classroom setting (Experiment 1) and in a domestic immersion program (Experiment 2) were compared to a group of highly proficient English–Spanish speakers. All three groups named cognate words more quickly and accurately than matched noncognates, indicating that all speakers experienced cross‐language activation during speech planning. However, only the classroom learners exhibited effects of cross‐language activation in their articulation: Cognate words were named with shorter overall durations, but longer (more English‐like) voice onset times. Inhibition of the first language during L2 speech planning appears to impact the stages of speech production at which cross‐language activation patterns can be observed.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki
Oral Nadolol for Children with Infantile Hemangiomas and Sleep Disturbances with Oral Propranolol
Authors: Bernabeu‐Wittel José , Narváez‐Moreno Basilio , de la Torre‐García José Manuel , Fernández‐Pineda Israel , Domínguez‐Cruz Javier Jesús , Coserría‐Sánchez Félix , Álvarez‐del‐Vayo Concha , Conejo‐Mir Julián 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveOral propranolol has been shown to be safe and effective in infants with infantile hemangioma (IH). Side effects such as sleep disturbances have been associated with propranolol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral nadolol in a small series of patients whose propranolol therapy was discontinued due to sleep disturbances.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with IHs who were treated with oral nadolol due to propranolol‐related sleep disturbances at a pediatric tertiary care center between July 2008 and March 2013. Clinical response to oral nadolol and disappearance of propranolol‐related side effects were analyzed.ResultsA total of 97 patients presenting IH received oral propranolol. Nine patients (9.3%) developed sleep disturbances. Oral propranolol was discontinued in seven patients and switched to oral nadolol, with resolution of these side effects in 5 (71%) of the cases. One patient developed sleep disturbances again after four months of oral nadolol.LimitationsThe sample size was too small to draw generalizable conclusions and to draw any statistical inference as to the incidence of sleep disturbances with nadolol therapy.ConclusionsThe use of oral nadolol in the treatment of IH in our series of 7 patients, resolved the propranolol‐related sleep disturbances in 5 (71%), while in one patient the symptoms recurred after 4 months of oral nadolol at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. In most cases, switching beta‐blockers did not compromise efficacy, and is recommended when sleep disturbance necessitates discontinuation of beta‐blocker therapy of IH.
Orbital Hemangioma with Intracranial Vascular Anomalies and Hemangiomas: A New Presentation of PHACE Syndrome?
Authors: Antonov Nina K. , Spence‐Shishido Allyson , Marathe Kalyani S. , Tlougan Brook , Kazim Michael , Sultan Sally , Hess Christopher P. , Morel Kimberly D. , Frieden Ilona J. , Garzon Maria C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe present two cases of infants with a similar constellation of clinical findings: retro‐orbital infantile hemangioma (IH), internal carotid artery (ICA) arteriopathy, and intracranial IH. In both cases, intracranial vascular anomalies and hemangiomas were found incidentally during evaluation of unilateral proptosis. Neither infant had evidence of cutaneous segmental IH of the face or neck, which might have provided a clue to the diagnosis of PHACE syndrome or of intracranial hemangiomas. In one case, intracranial involvement was particularly extensive and function threatening, with mass effect on the brain parenchyma. These cases serve to highlight the fact that clinical findings of proptosis, globe deviation, and strabismus should prompt immediate imaging to confirm the presence of orbital IHs and to exclude other diagnoses. Moreover, based on our cases and the embryologic origin of the orbit as a unique developmental unit, patients with confirmed retro‐orbital IHs should undergo evaluation for anomalies associated with PHACE syndrome. Patients with orbital IHs and an additional major criterion for PHACE syndrome should be considered to have definite, and not just possible, PHACE syndrome.
A Survey to Assess Perceived Differences in Referral Pathways to Board‐Certified Pediatric Dermatologists
Authors: Fogel Alexander L. , Teng Joyce M. C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study surveyed all U.S. board‐certified pediatric dermatologists to determine referral pathways to the specialty; we obtained a 48% (108/226) response rate. Significantly higher self‐referral rates were found in private practice than in academic settings, and higher referral rates from specialist and generalist physicians were observed in academic practice. The substantial differences found in this preliminary study indicate that triage inefficiency may be occurring, and further study to investigate the causes for referral differences and their effect on clinical outcomes is needed.
Can International Relations and Comparative Politics Be Policy Relevant? Theory and Methods for Incorporating Political Context
Authors: Elliott Armijo Leslie , Rhodes Sybil 
Published: October 2015

How might one bring international relations (IR) and comparative politics (CP) observations into the public policy (PP) literature's predominant intellectual framing of policy, in which the normal analytical unit is a specific policy sector or type of regulatory institution? This article offers a practical framework to incorporate IR and CP directly into PP analyses. We present theory and methods for composing carefully structured, multiyear, analytical policy sector histories, suitable for international and comparative PP analysis, particularly when the research goal implies policy sector comparisons across wide variations of geography, culture, income, or historical epoch. Concretely, we propose two models, called the Leader State Framework in the case of international policy and the Varieties of Political Regimes Approach for policy at the national level, which should help policy analysts utilize important observations related to our disciplines’ understanding of the diverse host political systems within which policy sectors are embedded.Related Articles

Glen, Carol M. 2014. “” Politics & Policy 42 (): 635‐657. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.libproxy.library.wmich.edu/doi/10.1111/polp.12093/abstract

Khodr, Hiba, and
Isabella Ruble. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 656–689. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12033/full
Related Media
. 2015. “Davos 2015 ‐ Forum Debate: A Multipolar World?” January 23. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjGD_qFgPhE

. 2013. “Argentina Debt: What Is the pari passu saga?” April 10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGPfHrPQY6Y

. 2014. “Why U.S. and China Agreed on Climate Change Action.” November 12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmdyYgBtHSo
No Spring in Africa: How Sub‐Saharan Africa Has Avoided the Arab Spring Phenomenon
Authors: Antwi‐Boateng Osman 
Published: October 2015

This article explores in detail the conditions underpinning why Sub‐Saharan Africa has avoided the Arab Spring phenomenon—despite the existence of extremely fertile grounds for political revolutions. Using a historical comparative method, the study draws chiefly from three Arab Spring countries (Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya), and identifies the key factors that aided the domino‐effect of political revolutions in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. It then contrasts these with the domino‐inhibiting factors drawn from an examination of four Sub‐Saharan African countries: Chad, Sudan, Cameroon, and Angola. The central argument emphasizes contextual regional uniqueness. While a set of factors unique to the MENA region aided a revolution domino effect, a combination of structural, domestic, and external factors equally unique to Sub‐Saharan Africa have enabled the latter to evade the domino effect of the Arab Spring.Related Articles

Sarquís, David J. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 871‐903. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00381.x/abstract

Khodr, Hiba, and
Isabella Ruble. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 656‐689. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12033/abstract

Hiroi, Taeko, and
Sawa Omori. 2013. “.” Politics & Policy 41 (): 39‐64. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12001/abstract
Related Media

Watson, Ivan, and
Jomana Karadsheh. 2011. “The Tunisian Fruitseller who Kickstarted Arab Uprising.” CNN.com. http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/meast/03/22/tunisia.bouazizi.arab.unrest/

Al Jazeera. 2011. “The Arab Awakening ‐ Death of Fear.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8_4OzV8DLw

. 2011. “How FaceBook Changed The World: The Arab Spring.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnPR90dJ3Gk
Why Does More Pluralism Reduce Expenditure? The Case of How Mexico's Old Institutions Affect Waves of Democratic Reform
Authors: Meza Oliver 
Published: October 2015

This study is concerned with the broad question of why more pluralism reduces expenditure in local governments. According to the literature, proportional representation (PR) systems are associated with greater expenditure, but I offer empirical evidence showing that the case of Mexican local governments challenges this notion. An amendment to the Federal Constitution in 1983 allowed Mexican states to change the electoral rule for assigning incumbents to local councils in municipalities. Variations in the way state legislatures interpreted the Constitution produced two types of municipal councils, with majority representation or PR. These are examined in detail and tested using a difference‐in‐difference analysis to explore the decentralization reform and its wider ramifications. I conclude that more pluralism in conjunction with the current design of local councils increases the chances of gridlock. This is evident in budgetary decisions and explains why changes to electoral rules do not suffice to improve local government performance.Related Articles

Moreno‐Jaimes, Carlos. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 1021‐1052. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00328.x/abstract

French, P. Edward. 2003. “” Politics & Policy 31 (): 694–725. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2003.tb00168.x/abstract

Southwell, Priscilla L. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 979‐996. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00330.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2015. “SIMBAD: Sistema Estatal y Municipal de Bases de Datos.” http://sc.inegi.org.mx/cobdem/

. 2013. “Deuda de los estados y municipios” Youtube Video.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7KAENdctu4

Meza, Oliver D. 2015. “Ayuntamientos: arcaicos e ineficientes.” Revista Nexos, Junio, http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=24990
Social Environments, Genetics, and Black–White Disparities in Infant Mortality
Authors: El‐Sayed Abdulrahman M. , Paczkowski Magdalena , Rutherford Caroline G. , Keyes Katherine M. , Galea Sandro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundGenes and environments often interplay to produce population health. However, in some instances, the scientific literature has favoured one explanation, underplaying the other, even in the absence of rigorous support. We examine parental race disparity on the risk of infant mortality to see if such an analysis might provide clues to understanding the extent to which genes and environment may shape perinatal risks.MethodsWe assessed parental racial disparities in infant mortality among singletons by analysing the risk of infant mortality among racially consonant vs. dissonant couples over time between 1989–1997 and 1998–2006 in the state of Michigan (n = 1 428 199). We calculated the degree of modification of the relation between maternal race and infant mortality by paternal race dynamically across the two time periods.ResultsInfant mortality among interracial couples decreased with time relative to white–white couples, while infant mortality among black–black couples increased with time after adjusting for socio‐economic, demographic, and prenatal care differences. The degree to which paternal black race strengthened the relation between maternal black race and higher infant mortality risk relative to white mothers increased with time throughout our study.ConclusionsEvidence from these data suggests that environmental factors likely play the greater role in explaining the parental race disparity and risk of infant mortality.
Risk of Pregnancy Complications in Relation to Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index: Population‐Based Study from Finland 2006–10
Authors: Metsälä Johanna , Stach‐Lempinen Beata , Gissler Mika , Eriksson Johan G. , Koivusalo Saila 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundOverweight and obesity are well‐known risk factors for several pregnancy‐related complications, but the nature of the association between maternal adiposity and these complications has been less studied. The objective of the present study was to examine the shape and the magnitude of the association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and the risk of gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia of different severity, gestational hypertension, and obstetric cholestasis among Finnish primiparae women.MethodsData on all primiparae women who delivered a singleton newborn in Finland between 2006 and 2010 were identified from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register (n = 119 485). Associations were analysed using restricted cubic spline regression and logistic regression models.ResultsThere was a nonlinear dose‐dependent association between body mass index and the risk of gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia, and gestational hypertension, and the risk was increased already among normal weight primiparae women. However, in the presence of pre‐existing hypertension or diabetes body mass index was not associated with the risk of pre‐eclampsia.ConclusionsEfforts to reduce prepregnancy overweight and obesity need to be intensified, and also, measures to better identify those normal weight women who are at increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre‐eclampsia and gestational hypertension should be developed.
Corruption, Financial Resources and Exports
Authors: Liu Qing , Lu Ruosi , Ma Xiangjun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper argues that a country's comparative advantage in exports depends on both the factor abundance and the allocation efficiency of the endowments. However, the latter is not considered in the traditional Heckscher–Ohlin model. In line with the “sand” view of corruption, this paper empirically studies the role of corruption in shaping a country's export pattern by distorting the allocation of financial resources. We find that the resource misallocation resulting from corruption undermines the export growth promoted by the positive external financial shock. The negative effects are realized by the extensive margins instead of the intensive margins of heterogeneous firms.
Bone Fracture Enhances Trauma Brain Injury
Authors: Yang L. , Guo Y. , Wen D. , Yang L. , Chen Y. , Zhang G. , Fan Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in young individuals worldwide. However, the understanding of TBI at secondary phase remained obscure, and more knowledge of the pathophysiology of TBI is necessary. In this study, we examined the influence of bone fracture (BF) on TBI and investigated whether blocking high mobility group 1 (HMGB1) protein, an inflammatory mediator, could be effective to alleviate TBI. We found neurological severity was significantly increased by BF at 4 days post‐TBI with longer removal time of adhesive tape and higher percentage of left turn in the corner test compared to TBI treatment alone. Additionally, higher brain lesion volume and severer brain oedema in TBI + BF mice supports the negative effect of BF on TBI. HMGB1 level was significantly stimulated by BF, suggesting the important role of HMGB1 in the development of secondary TBI. Notably, ablation of HMGB1 significantly reduced this negative influence of BF on TBI. These results suggest that HMGB1 can be massively induced by the systemic immune activation triggered by BF, which in turn aggravates inflammation. Blocking HMGB1 reduced the inflammatory effect of BF and therefore helps lessen the severity of secondary TBI. In conclusion, these results provided the evidence that anti‐HMGB1 may be an effective and feasible method to alleviate TBI.
ABO blood group incompatibility as an adverse risk factor for outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia undergoing HLA‐matched peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation after reduced‐intensity conditioning
Authors: Hefazi Mehrdad , Litzow Mark , Hogan William , Gastineau Dennis , Jacob Eapen , Damlaj Moussab , Hashmi Shahrukh , Al‐Kali Aref , Patnaik Mrinal M. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDABO incompatibility is not a contraindication to hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), but it has been associated with additional risks including delayed engraftment, pure red cell aplasia (PRCA), and higher transfusion needs. Data on these events and on patient survival after reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) HCT are limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 127 consecutive patients, 86 with acute myeloid leukemia and 41 with myelodysplastic syndromes, who underwent HLA‐matched peripheral blood RIC allogenic HCT between 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTSEighty ABO‐compatible, 26 major/bidirectional, and 21 minor‐ABO‐mismatch HCT were identified. Compared to the ABO‐compatible group, major/bidirectional mismatches had increased red blood cell (RBC) transfusion requirement during the first 100 days (p = 0.009), delayed RBC and PLT engraftment (p = 0.0011 and p = 0.005, respectively), and higher incidence of grade II to IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD; p = 0.037). In multivariable analysis, major/bidirectional mismatches had significantly higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and inferior disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with ABO‐compatible patients (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, and p = 0.035, respectively). Minor ABO mismatch had no impact on survival (p = 0.99). Four (15%) of 26 major/bidirectional mismatches developed PRCA. There was a significant association between fludarabine plus busulfan conditioning and PRCA (p = 0.0046).CONCLUSIONMajor/bidirectional ABO mismatch is associated with higher NRM and shortened DFS and OS in the setting of RIC HCT. Increased transfusion need, delayed RBC and platelet engraftment, PRCA, and increased severity of aGVHD are additional complications contributing to the morbidity.