bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A power electronics controlled current source based on a double-converter topology
Authors: Gwóźdź Michał 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a conception of power electronics voltage controlled current source (VCCS) which is able much more precise mapping of its an output current in a reference signal, compared to a typical converter solution. It can be achieved by means of such interconnection of two separate converters that one of them corrects a total output current towards a reference signal. An output power of auxiliary converter is much smaller than an output power of main one. Thanks to continuous work of this converter also pulse modulation components in this current are minimized. These benefits are paid for by a relatively small increase in the complexity and the cost of the system. This conception of a converter has been called the double-converter topology (DCT). In the author opinion presented solution of the system can find application in many power electronics equipment and, therefore, will be developed. In the paper DCT basics, simulation experiments, and possible practical arrangement of the DCT are presented
Application of the matrix converter to power flow control
Authors: Szcześniak P. , Fedyczak Z. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Advanced power electronic converters can provide the means to control power flow and ensure proper and secure operation of the future power grid. The small electrical energy sources dispersed in electrical power systems referred to as distributed generation are one of the most significant parts of future grids - Smart Grids. The threephase, direct matrix converter is an alternative solution to the conventional AC-DC-AC converter for interfacing two AC systems in distributed power generation with different voltage and/or frequency parameters. This paper presents a control analysis of a threephase matrix converter employed as a power interface of future electrical grids. The proposed system has been successfully tested for bidirectional power flow operation with different grid operating conditions, such as, frequency and voltage variation
Application of the second order generalized integrator in digital control systems
Authors: Możdżyński Kamil , Rafał Krzysztof , Bobrowska-Rafał Małgorzata 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper describes second order generalized integrator (sogi) which is specialized in band-pass filtering and orthogonalization of periodic signals. Modifications of the structure and the influence of parameters on the system performance is described. The article highlights the particular importance of model discretization method in the practical implementation, as well as reviews estimation methods of the: amplitude, frequency, offset and phase angle of the periodic signal. Examples of simulation and experimental results are presented
DC-link voltage balancing in cascaded H-Bridge converters
Authors: Lewicki Arkadiusz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper a DC-link voltage balancing strategy for multilevel Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) converter is proposed. Presented solution bases on optimal choice of active vector durations in Space-Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SV-PWM). It makes it possible to DC-link voltages control and to properly generate the output voltage vector in the case of DC-link voltage unbalance. Results of simulation and experimental researches on proposed control strategy are presented in the paper
Optimal LQR controller in CSC based STATCOM using GA and PSO
Authors: Gupta Sandeep , Tripathi Ramesh Kumar 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is the multipurpose FACTS device with the multiple input and multiple output system for the enhancement of its dynamic performance in power system. Based on artificial intelligence (AI) optimization technique, a novel controller is proposed for CSC based STATCOM. In this paper, the CSC based STATCOM is controlled by the LQR. But the best constant values for LQR controller's parameters are obtained laboriously through trial and error method, although time consuming. So the goal of this paper is to investigate the ability of AI techniques such as genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods to search the best values of LQR controller's parameters in a very short time with the desired criterion for the test system. Performances of the GA, PSO & ABC based LQR controllers are also compared. Applicability of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through simulation in MATLAB and the simulation results are shown an improvement in the input-output response of CSC-STATCOM
Diabetes Mellitus in Cats Relevant to Human Type 2 Diabetes – Current Knowledge and New Treatment Strategies – A Review
Authors: Palus Katarzyna , Całka Jarosław 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most commonly encountered endocrinopathies in domestic cats. Numerous studies have shown that feline diabetes mellitus (FDM) closely resembles human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a common pathogenesis including insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion as well as the same risk factors. This similarity provides ground for better understanding of their pathogenesis as well as more efficient management, novel treatment and prevention options for the disease in both species. Recently, modulation of the incretin system has become a new area of active investigations by several pharmaceutical companies. Concerning the role of incretins in glucose homeostasis, therapies based on activating the incretin axis have proved highly effective in treating T2DM. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptors agonists and dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have been recently developed agents for diabetes therapy. Furthermore, studies in healthy cats demonstrated that those drugs stimulate insulin secretion and lower glucagon levels. There is a need of additional clinical evaluation of action of the drugs in cats suffering from FDM. Moreover, studies in cats may contribute to the development of knowledge on the use of new drugs in treatment of human T2DM because cats are an excellent model for the study of diabetes.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling Flows and Flame Dynamics
Authors: Abricka M. , Barmina I. , Valdmanis R. , Zake M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The effect of swirling air on the flow dynamics was investigated for the cold non-reacting flows and the flame arising at thermo-chemical conversion of biomass pellets downstream of a cylindrical channel. Under experimental and numerical investigation was the swirling flow dynamics with the primary axial air supply below a biomass layer and swirling air supply above it. The results indicate that for cold flows the swirling air jet outflow from tangential nozzles leads to the formation of a complex flow dynamics which is influenced both by upstream and downstream air swirl propagation near the channel walls, with correlating swirl-enhanced formation of the upstream and downstream axial flows close to the flow centreline depending on the swirling air supply rate. These axial flows can be completely balanced at their stagnation within the axial recirculation zone. It is shown that at equal boundary conditions for the swirling flame and the cold flows the swirling flow dynamics is influenced by the upstream air swirl-enhanced mixing of the reactants below the air swirl nozzles. This determines the formation of a downstream reaction zone with correlating development of the flow velocity, temperature and composition profiles in the downstream flame regions with improved combustion stability. The low swirl intensity in these regions prevents the formation of a recirculation zone
Unified Model of Multiple Wind Turbines
Authors: Mutule A. , Kochukov O. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
An approach is proposed to the modelling of wind farms in the electric power system long-term planning. It allows a specialist to perform calculations based on scanty information and offers a set of ready-to-use data for easy, fast, and precise modelling. The authors exemplify the calculations of wind speed probability density and power curves and give an idea for relevant corrections. They also show how to pass from a single wind turbine model to the unified model of multiple wind turbines which would meet the requirements of long-term planning tasks. The paper presents the data on wind farms that are operating in UK and Oceania
Infrastructure of Baltic Region Transmission System: Analysis of Technical and Economic Factors of its Development
Authors: Obushevs A. , Oleinikova I. , Mutule A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The operational conditions of new networks dictate new requirements for the transmission planning, which would include the electricity market figures and a sizable involvement of renewable generation. This paper focuses on the transmission expansion planning techniques based on the calculations of optimal power flows and on the concept of development planning and sustainability. A description is given for the mathematical model of calculations and analysis of transmission system. The results have shown that the Baltic transmission system infrastructure can successfully be analyzed based on the proposed methodology and developed mathematical model
Optimized Deposition of Graphene Oxide Langmuir-Blodgett Thin Films
Authors: Dravniece A. , Gerca L. , Kundzins K. , Teivena K. , Kampars V. , Rutkis M. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Single sheet graphene (SG) is an innovative transparent material with high electrical and thermal conduction the use of which in transparent electrodes instead of traditional materials improves the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) has been obtained by a modified Hummer`s method followed by an advanced technique of water removal (lyophilisation). The Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method was applied to transfer GO from suspension to substrate. To optimize the deposition process, as suspending and spreading solvents the benzene and benzene/methanol mixtures were chosen instead of previously studied water suspensions. The number of GO layers in suspension is reduced by exfoliation in order to obtain a single GO monolayer. For this purpose, sonication and centrifugation of GO sheets are carried out. Finally, the effect of variously treated glass substrate surfaces on the deposition efficiency has been studied. In the work, it is shown that ozonization of glass substrate improves the deposition outcome, while ozonization of indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate is necessary to perform such deposition. The obtained GO suspensions and LB thin films have been studied using a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Seasonal and Regional Differences in Lighting Conditions and their Influence on Melatonin Secretion
Authors: Błażejczyk Krzysztof , Morita Takeshi , Ueno-Towatari Tomoko , Błażejczyk Anna , Wieczorek Joanna 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper presents essential results of multidisciplinary research dealing with differences in lighting conditions (natural and/or artificial) and their possible influence on melatonin secretion studied in Fukuoka (Japan) and in Warszawa (Poland). Several characteristics of lighting were considered (intensity of global 0.4-3.0 μm, visible 0.4 0.76 μm solar radiation, illuminance (lux), peak irradiance (μW∙cm−2∙nm−1), Color Corresponded Temperature (CCT, K) and peak wave length (nm)). Diurnal cycle of melatonin secretion was examined at volunteers (Poland - 15, Japan - 18), young male and female (21-33 years). Saliva samples were collected at 3h intervals, beginning at 10:00h on Thursday with subsequent sampling times at 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 22:00 and at 01:00, 04:00 07:00h on Friday. Melatonin concentration (MC) was measured by commercials ELISA kit tests.
The Degree of Landscape Openness as a Manifestation of Cultural Metamorphose
Authors: Plit Joanna , Myga-Piątek Urszula 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The issues of aesthetic assessment of landscapes has now become important due to the need of rational and balanced cultural landscape management and the implementation of the provisions of the European Landscape Convention. The aim of this article is to show the methodology of the assessment and interpretation of the degree of the current openness of the cultural landscape of Poland as an effect of a historical process. The chronological analysis made it possible to single out stages of opening/enclosing of the landscapes of Poland with reference to crucial natural, historical and cultural factors. The degree of landscape openness may be treated as a synthetic indicator of the natural and cultural environment evolution. When a landscape type is viewed as a result of natural and anthropogenic processes, the analysis of proportions between the surface of natural and cultural elements becomes of prime importance. In the historical times, the process of landscape enclosing was not unidirectional. Four stages of transformation of cultural landscapes in Poland have been distinguished. These stages are characterized by differences of the landscape openness. It can be interpreted as the result of cultural metamorphosis.
Lord Atkin
Authors: Lewis Geoffrey 
Published: September 2014

One of the greatest of all English common lawyers,Lord Atkin it was who asked the question in Donoghue v. Stevenson ‘Who then in law is my neighbour?’ which became the foundation of the whole modern law of negligence. His courageous dissent in the wartime detention case of Liversidge v. Anderson is now recognised as a historic stand on principle. This book contains absorbing accounts of the background to these two great cases, as well as an assessment of their significance in the legal history of this century.
It is the only legal biography of its kind. Instead of taking the conventional narrative form it treats individually the principal themes of Lord Atkin’s decisions and illuminates some less well known aspects of his work including the critical series of Canadian constitutional appeals in 1936.
In showing the strong influence on his thinking of Lord Atkin’s home life and upbringing in the Welsh countryside, this study confirms Lord Wright’s conclusion that it was first and foremost a liberal spirit which animated Atkin’s work.
This is a reprint of a work first published by Butterworths in 1983.
UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF OLIGOMERIC RESINS ON TRACTION AND ROLLING RESISTANCE OF SILICA-REINFORCED TIRE TREADS
Authors: Vleugels N. , Pille-Wolf W. , Dierkes W. K. , Noordermeer J. W. M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT
This study concerns the silica reinforcement of styrene–butadiene rubber compounds for passenger car tire treads, with the objective of gaining greater insight into the beneficial effects of oligomeric resins. The major tire performance factors predicted are rolling resistance and (wet) skid resistance measured on a laboratory scale. Three types of resins were tested: a polyterpene, a terpene-phenolic, and a pure vinyl-aromatic hydrocarbon resin, at various concentrations, namely, 2, 4, and 6 parts per hundred of rubber (phr). Laboratory scale dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Mooney viscosity, cure meter, and tensile and hardness tests were used to assess the behavior of these resins in the rubber and to characterize the processibility of the compounds. The DMA shows that the resins and rubber compounds are partially compatible for the low resin quantities used. The tan δ loss factor versus temperature was used as an indication for wet skid and rolling resistance. The shift to a higher temperature in the tan δ peak, due to the contribution of the tan δ peak shift of the resins, is the reason for improved wet skid performance. A maximum improvement of about 35% in the wet skid region (0 °C–30 °C) is found. The improved tan δ at 60 °C, indicative for rolling resistance, accounts for reduced interaction between filler particles. This is also confirmed by a decrease in the Payne effect. A maximum improvement of about 15% is found in the rolling resistance temperature range, dependent on the particular choice of the resin.
Idéologie et traduction : la réception des traductions de Lu Xun en France
Authors: Gao Fang 
Published: September 2014

Lu Xun (1881-1936), le plus grand écrivain de la littérature chinoise du xxe siècle, exerce, par ses écrits de différents genres et ses pensées, une influence durable et vivante en Chine. Ses principales oeuvres ont été traduites dans une vingtaine de langues, ce qui a beaucoup contribué à élargir l’influence de l’écrivain à l’étranger. Or, l’acte de traduire n’est un acte ni isolé, ni purement linguistique. Sa fonction et son fonctionnement varient selon le temps et l’espace. Le contexte historique et social des pays récepteurs étant variable, le choix et la traduction des oeuvres d’un auteur comme Lu Xun sont donc marqués, nécessairement, par la variabilité des modes d’interprétation et des motifs de traduction, et sont conditionnés par divers facteurs. Ceci constitue autant d’épreuves pour la diffusion et la réception des oeuvres de Lu Xun dans un pays comme la France. En essayant d’examiner les conditions historiques de la rencontre de Lu Xun avec les Français, les facteurs qui déterminent le choix des oeuvres à traduire et les intentions des traducteurs, le présent article attache une attention plus particulière au facteur politico-idéologique qui participe activement à la traduction et à la réception de Lu Xun dans l’hexagone. Une traduction idéologique accentue une réception idéologique qui, à son tour, renforce la dimension idéologique de l’image de Lu Xun.
La littérature québécoise traduite au Mexique : trois anthologies à la Foire internationale du livre de Guadalajara
Authors: Stratford Madeleine , Jolicoeur Louis 
Published: September 2014

Le Québec était l’invité d’honneur de la Foire internationale du livre de Guadalajara tenue au cours de l’année 2003. Trois anthologies de littérature québécoise paraissent alors au Fondo de Cultura Económica mexicain : Latinos del norte, qui propose un tour d’horizon des principales tendances de la poésie québécoise de 1930 à 1960 ; El hilo de la memoria, qui présente vingt-quatre essayistes, nés entre 1920 et 1958, représentatifs du genre au Québec ; ¿ Un continente a la deriva ?, qui réunit les textes de seize nouvellistes contemporains, nés pour la plupart dans les années 1940 ou 1950. D’emblée, les trois publications semblent ainsi établir un parallèle entre le passé littéraire québécois et la poésie, entre le présent littéraire et la prose. Nous nous pencherons sur la façon dont ces trois livres présentent la littérature et la culture québécoises au lectorat mexicain et montrerons que le paratexte des ouvrages invite à les considérer comme complémentaires. Après avoir cerné leurs contextes de publication, de diffusion et de réception, nous les envisagerons d’un point de vue global en nous attardant aux éléments paratextuels (péritexte et épitexte) qui les distinguent : jaquettes, titres, préfaces, sélection des auteurs et des textes et discours ayant circulé dans la presse écrite.
Prevalence of transmitted HIV‐1 antiretroviral resistance among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Brazil: a surveillance study using dried blood spots
Authors: de Moraes Soares Celina M P , Vergara Tania R C , Brites Carlos , Brito Jose D U , Grinberg Gorki , Caseiro Marcos M , Correa Carlos , Suffert Theodoro A , Pereira Flavio R , Camargo Michelle , Janini Luiz M , Komninakis Shirley , Sucupira Maria C A , Diaz Ricardo S 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionIn Brazil, the use of antiretrovirals is widespread: more than 260,000 individuals are currently undergoing treatment. We conducted a survey targeting antiretroviral‐naïve individuals who were initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) according to local guidelines. This survey covered five Brazilian regions.MethodsThe HIV Threshold Survey methodology (HIV‐THS) of the World Health Organization was utilized, and subjects were selected from seven highly populated cities representative of all Brazilian macro‐regions. Dried blood spots (DBS) were collected on SS903 collection cards and were transported by regular mail at room temperature to a single central laboratory for genotyping.ResultsWe analysed samples from 329 individuals initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 39 (11.8%) of whom were harbouring transmitted drug resistance (TDR). The mean CD4+ T cell count was 253 cells/µL, and the mean viral load was 142,044 copies/mL. The regional prevalence of resistance was 17.0% in the Northeast, 12.8% in the Southeast, 10.6% in the Central region, 8.5% in the North and 8.5% in the South. The inhibitor‐specific TDR prevalence was 6.9% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 4.9% for non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 3.9% for protease inhibitors; 3.6% of individuals presented resistance to more than one class of inhibitors. Overall, there were trends towards higher prevalences of subtype C towards the South and subtype F towards the North. Of the DBS samples collected, 9.3% failed to provide reliable results.DiscussionWe identified variable TDR prevalence, ranging from intermediate to high levels, among individuals in whom HIV disease progressed, thus implying that resistance testing before initiating ART could be effective in Brazil. Our results also indicate that the use of DBS might be especially valuable for providing access to testing in resource‐limited and remote settings.
Southern Ocean carbon trends: Sensitivity to methods
Authors: Fay Amanda R. , McKinley Galen A. , Lovenduski Nicole S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Southern Ocean is highly under‐sampled with respect to variables needed to assess trends in air‐sea carbon dioxide fluxes. Multiple investigators have made use of sparse measurements of surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), but there remains a lack of consensus as to recent trends in the carbon sink here. We analyze impacts of specific methodological choices on pCO2 trends, with a focus on regional binning, time series length, and spatial biases. We find the most robust approach to include binning based on geographic areas, the removal of spatial gradients in climatological pCO2, the use of annual‐average data, and the consideration of trends across multiple combinations of start and end years. Applying this approach, we find that Southern Ocean carbon uptake slowed from about 1990 to 2006 and subsequently strengthened from 2007 to 2010. More data are needed to reduce uncertainties and increase our ability to diagnose change in the carbon sink.
Impact angle control of interplanetary shock geoeffectiveness
Authors: Oliveira D. M. , Raeder J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe use Open Geospace General Circulation Model global MHD simulations to study the nightside magnetospheric, magnetotail, and ionospheric responses to interplanetary (IP) fast forward shocks. Three cases are presented in this study: two inclined oblique shocks, hereafter IOS‐1 and IOS‐2, where the latter has a Mach number twice stronger than the former. Both shocks have impact angles of 30° in relation to the Sun‐Earth line. Lastly, we choose a frontal perpendicular shock, FPS, whose shock normal is along the Sun‐Earth line, with the same Mach number as IOS‐1. We find that, in the IOS‐1 case, due to the north‐south asymmetry, the magnetotail is deflected southward, leading to a mild compression. The geomagnetic activity observed in the nightside ionosphere is then weak. On the other hand, in the head‐on case, the FPS compresses the magnetotail from both sides symmetrically. This compression triggers a substorm allowing a larger amount of stored energy in the magnetotail to be released to the nightside ionosphere, resulting in stronger geomagnetic activity. By comparing IOS‐2 and FPS, we find that, despite the IOS‐2 having a larger Mach number, the FPS leads to a larger geomagnetic response in the nightside ionosphere. As a result, we conclude that IP shocks with similar upstream conditions, such as magnetic field, speed, density, and Mach number, can have different geoeffectiveness, depending on their shock normal orientation.