bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High efficiency triple junction thin film silicon solar cells with optimized electrical structure
Authors: Liu Bofei , Bai Lisha , Chen Ze , Zhang Xiaodan , Zhang Dekun , Ni Jian , Huang Qian , Wei Changchun , Sun Jian , Chen Xinliang , Ren Huizhi , Hou Guofu , Wang Guangcai , Zhao Ying 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe report on improving the performance of pin‐type a‐Si:H/a‐SiGe:H/µc‐Si:H triple‐junction solar cells and corresponding single‐junction solar cells in this paper. Based on wet‐etching sputtered aluminum‐doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) substrates with optimized surface morphologies and photo‐electrical material properties, after adjusting individual single‐junction solar cells utilized in triple‐junction solar cells with various optimization techniques, we pay close attention to the optimization of tunnel recombination junctions (TRJs). By means of the optimization of individual a‐Si:H/a‐SiGe:H and a‐SiGe:H/µc‐Si:H double‐junction solar cells, we compensated for the open circuit voltage (Voc) loss at the a‐Si:H/a‐SiGe:H TRJ by adopting a p‐type µc‐Si:H layer with a low activation energy. By combining the optimized single‐junction solar cells and top/middle, middle/bottom TRJs with little electrical losses, an initial efficiency of 15.06% was achieved for pin‐type a‐Si:H/a‐SiGe:H/µc‐Si:H triple‐junction solar cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
pH‐responsive near‐infrared emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles for cellular imaging and controlled‐drug delivery
Authors: Pennakalathil Jousheed , Özgün Alp , Durmaz Irem , Cetin‐Atalay Rengül , Tuncel Dönüs 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, pH‐responsive near‐infrared emitting conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) are prepared, characterized, and their stabilities are investigated under various conditions. These nanoparticles have capacity to be loaded with water insoluble, anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), with around 10% drug loading efficiency. The in vitro release studies demonstrate that the release of CPTs from CPNs is pH‐dependent such that significantly faster drug release at mildly acidic pH of 5.0 compared with physiological pH 7.4 is observed. Time and dose‐dependent in vitro cytotoxicity tests of blank and CPT‐loaded nanoparticles are performed by real‐time cell electronic sensing (RT‐CES) assay with hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Huh7). The results indicate that CPNs can be effectively utilized as vehicles for pH‐triggered release of anticancer drugs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 114–122
Material modelling as a tool for the quality assurance and product development of heavy plate steels for steel construction
Authors: Walter Peter , Kern Andreas 
Published: November 2014

AbstractShorter product development cycles and compliance with exact process parameters during the production of high‐strength heavy plate for heavy machine construction requires fast modelling of mechanical and technological material properties during the actual production process. To this end, the Heavy Plate Unit at ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG has used state‐of‐the‐art calculation tools from collections of process data and test value databases. This report describes the step‐by‐step development of the underlying material models, their implementation in practical computer software and their practical application illustrated by some selected examples.
An excel based design tool for end plate connections to Eurocode 3
Authors: Berrais Abbes , Pollitt Kieran 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe design of moment‐resisting joints can often be a laborious task if performed by manual calculation. This leads to potential rising of unnecessary labour costs when industry approved design tool would otherwise suffice. Steel connection designers are charged with specifying joint components such as plates, welds and bolts required that have structural capacity to transmit the loads which the connection is exposed to. This said connection design and its components need to be economical with regards to cost. However, a balance needs to be reached between the over‐design of the connection leading to excessive capacities, and the finite element design that provides the connection with just what it needs to resist such loads.The aim of this paper is the description of an Excel based tool for the detailed design of bolted end plate connections between beams and columns in accordance to Eurocode 3. The design tool is practical, user friendly with minimum manual input and relatively transparent such that it provides the user with an easy step‐by‐step guide during the design process.
The grid‐shell of Jinji Lake Mall
Authors: Plieninger Sven , Gebreiter Daniel , Mühlberger Jörg , Justiz Stefan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractJinji Lake Mall, a 290,000 m² shopping and entertainment centre, will be centrepiece to a development of several super‐high‐rise buildings by the waterfront of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, China. Visible from the surrounding skyscrapers, the appearance of the “fifth façade” became of paramount importance. In response, the architectural design foresaw a continuous, 35,000 m² free‐form glass roof to cover the four individual buildings of the mall ensemble.schlaich bergermann and partner consulting engineers were tasked with the structural design of the roof whose shape was inspired by the wings of a phoenix. To alleviate excessive in‐plane stresses in the roof, a rigid triangulated grid was discarded in favour of a more elastic quadrangular frame system, requiring the generation of a quad‐dominant topology on the free‐form surface. The complex interplay between base buildings and roof structure required that all analysis be done on a combined model including roof, tree columns and sub‐structure.Multi‐resolution mesh modelling stood at the core of a generative work‐flow which mathematically optimized for geometric and structural criteria in the same process. Furthermore, geometrically similar facets were grouped and subsequently assigned the same panel, reducing the unique panel count.
Cyclic behaviour of welded stiffened beam‐to‐column joints – experimental tests
Authors: Čermelj Blaž , Beg Darko 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSixteen cyclic tests on full‐strength welded stiffened beam‐to‐column joints were carried out to study their seismic performance. High‐strength steel (HSS) was used for composite columns acting as non‐dissipative elastic members and mild carbon steel (MCS) for the beams acting as dissipative members. Two types of welded full‐strength connections were studied: rib‐stiffened and cover‐plate connections. Additional parameters in the study were: different cyclic loadings and the presence of axial force in the column. Experimental results revealed the good behaviour of the joints in terms of relocation of inelastic action away from the face of the beam‐to‐column connection into the beam section, with correspondingly large ductility, low‐cycle fatigue resistance and minimization of damage in the column.
Ba2PO4I, Sr2PO4I, and Pb2PO4I – A New Structure Type and Three of Its Representatives
Authors: Haberkorn Robert , Bauer Jessica , Kickelbick Guido 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe compound Pb2PO4I was synthesized via a solid state reaction under inert conditions. None of the known structure types of other compounds of the type M2(P,V,As,Cr)O4(F,Cl,Br,I) provided a similar pattern. Structure solution was carried out by evaluation of an X‐ray diffractogram of polycrystalline powder using the methods simulated annealing and difference Fourier. Pb2PO4I crystallizes in the space group P21/c with the lattice parameters a = 9.0451(1) Å, b = 8.7593(1) Å, c = 8.5740(1) Å, and β = 111.128(1)°. The isotypic compounds Sr2PO4I and Ba2PO4I were synthesized, too. Their crystallographic structure was refined by Rietveld analysis. The structure of the three compounds is described and discussed.
Silicon‐Tin‐Ordering in RE3Rh9Si2Sn3 (RE = Y, Sm, Gd – Lu)
Authors: Voßwinkel Daniel , Niehaus Oliver , Gerke Birgit , Benndorf Christopher , Eckert Hellmut , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe quaternary intermetallic compounds RE3Rh9Si2Sn3 (RE = Y, Sm, Gd – Lu) were obtained from the elements by arc‐melting and investigated by powder X‐ray diffraction. Needle‐shaped single crystals of Ho3Rh9Si2Sn3 and Lu3Rh9Si2Sn3 were grown in bismuth fluxes and their structures were refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: P$\bar{6}$2m, a = 968.3(2), c = 345.6(1) pm, wR2 = 0.0278, 426 F2 values, 22 variables for Ho3Rh9Si2Sn3, and a = 962.4(2), c = 343.1(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0260, 501 F2 values, 23 variables for Lu3Rh9Si2Sn3. The phases RE3Rh9Si2Sn3 adopt a new simple structure type with complete silicon‐tin ordering. The silicon atoms have trigonal prismatic rhodium coordination (239 pm Si–Rh in Ho3Rh9Si2Sn3) and the tin atoms are located in slightly distorted square prisms of rhodium (268–274 pm Sn–Rh in Ho3Rh9Si2Sn3). Magnetic investigations were performed for RE3Rh9Si2Sn3 (RE = Y, Gd – Yb). Except of Y3Rh9Si2Sn3, all investigated compounds exhibit Curie‐Weiss paramagnetism, but ferromagnetic ordering could only be observed for samples containing Gd – Er as rare earth metal. 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopic measurements were carried out on Gd3Rh9Si2Sn3. A single resonance at an isomer shift of 1.52(1) mm·s–1 clearly underlines that tin is not part of the polyanionic network and therefore not of a stannide character. Representative 29Si solid state NMR spectroscopy investigations were carried out on the diamagnetic yttrium compound Y3Rh9Si2Sn3. The spectrum indicates the existence of only one distinct Si site consistant with the refined single crystal data.
Gestational syphilis and stillbirth in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Arnesen Lauren , Martínez Gerardo , Mainero Luis , Serruya Suzanne , Durán Pablo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo measure the association between gestational syphilis and stillbirth in Latin America and the Caribbean.MethodsIn a retrospective study, data on stillbirth and gestational syphilis extracted from the Sistema Informático Perinatal database were analyzed for deliveries in 11 countries between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012. Potential confounders were examined, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between gestational syphilis and stillbirth.ResultsAmong 368 151 deliveries, 3875 (1.1%) were by women with a positive syphilis test, and 1461 (0.4%) were stillbirths. Among the stillbirths, 29 (2.0%) were delivered by women with a positive syphilis test. After controlling for country, congenital anomalies, gestational age at labor, maternal age, and previous stillbirth, gestational syphilis was significantly associated with stillbirth (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.25–2.83;P= 0.002).ConclusionGestational syphilis contributes to stillbirth in Latin America and the Caribbean. Interventions targeting gestational syphilis are highly cost‐effective and should be implemented across the region.
PRICING A MOTOR EXTENDED WARRANTY WITH LIMITED USAGE COVER
Authors: Musakwa Fidelis T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractProviders of motor extended warranties with limited usage often face difficulty evaluating the impact of usage limits on warranty price because of incomplete usage data. To address this problem, this paper employs a non-parametric interval-censored survival model of time to accumulate a specific usage. This is used to develop an estimator of the probability that a provider is on risk at a specific time in service. The resulting pricing model is applied to a truck extended warranty case study. The case study demonstrates that interval-censored survival models are ideal for use in pricing motor extended warranties with limited usage cover. The results also suggest that employing a usage rate distribution to forecast the number of vehicles on risk can be misleading, especially on an extended warranty with a relatively high usage limit.
Dietary energy density: estimates, trends and dietary determinants for a nationally representative sample of the Irish population (aged 5–90 years)
Authors: O'Connor Laura , Walton Janette , Flynn Albert 
Published: November 2014

Higher dietary energy density (DED) has been reported to be associated with weight gain, obesity and poorer dietary quality, yet nationally representative estimates that would allow tracking of secular trends and inter-country comparisons are limited. The aims of the present study were to calculate DED estimates for the Irish population and to identify dietary determinants of DED. Weighed/semi-weighed food records from three cross-sectional surveys (the National Children's Food Survey, the National Teens’ Food Survey and the National Adult Nutrition Survey) were collated to estimate habitual dietary intakes for a nationally representative sample of the Irish population, aged 5–90 years (n2535). DED estimates, calculated using the total diet method, the food only method and a novel method, including foods and solids in beverages, were 3·70 (sd1·09), 7·58 (sd1·72) and 8·40 (sd1·88) kJ/g, respectively. Determinants of DED did not vary by the calculation method used. Variation in the intakes of fruit, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) across consumer groups contributed to the largest variance in DED estimates, followed by variation in the intakes of potatoes, fresh meat, bread, chips, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals, and confectionery. DED estimates were inversely associated with age group and consistently lower for females than for males. The inverse association of DED with age group was explained by higher intakes of vegetables, fruit, fish, potatoes, fresh meat and brown bread and lower intakes of SSB, chocolate confectionery, ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and savoury snacks in older age groups. Females consumed, on average, 1·5 times more fruit and vegetables combined when compared with males, largely explaining the sex differences in DED estimates. Current DED estimates for adults were similar to those calculated in a previous survey, carried out 10 years earlier. These estimates and determinants serve as a baseline for comparison for other works and public health campaigns.
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss as the first manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia: case report
Authors: Diao M , Tian F , Sun J 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground:Sudden sensorineural hearing loss rarely occurs in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia.Case report:We present a case report of a patient who presented with sudden sensorineural hearing loss as the first manifestation of chronic myeloid leukaemia, and review the mechanisms responsible for sudden sensorineural hearing loss in leukaemic patients.Results:A 31-year-old female presented to our clinic with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Pure tone audiometry revealed profound sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear at all frequencies. During an investigation into her hearing loss, the patient was found to have chronic myeloid leukaemia.Conclusion:Every case of sudden sensorineural hearing loss must be carefully evaluated, and haematological disorders must be considered in the differential diagnosis of sudden hearing loss.
XXIV.—Conditions for the Ergodicity of Non-homogeneous Finite Markov Chains
Authors: Mott J. L. 
Published: November 2014

SynopsisIn this note we study the asymptotic behaviour of a product of matrices where Pj is a matrix of transition probabilities in a non-homogeneous finite Markov chain. We give conditions that (i) the rows of P(n) tend to identity and that (ii) P(n) tends to a limit matrix with identical rows.
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF DIAGNOSTIC LOCALIZATION FOLLOWING BIOCHEMICAL PROSTATE CANCER RECURRENCE
Authors: Barocas Daniel A. , Bensink Mark E. , Berry Kristin , Musa Zahra , Bodnar Carolyn , Dann Robert , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess potential cost-effectiveness of using a prostate cancer specific functional imaging technology capable of identifying residual localized disease versus small volume metastatic disease for asymptomatic men with low but detectable prostate specific antigen (PSA) elevation following radical prostatectomy.Methods: Markov modeling was used to estimate the incremental impact on healthcare system costs (2012 USD) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of two alternative strategies: (i) using the new diagnostic to guide therapy versus (ii) current usual care—using a combination of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and bone scan to guide therapy. Costs were based on estimates from literature and Medicare reimbursement. Prostate cancer progression, survival, utilities, and background risk of all-cause mortality were obtained from literature. Base-case diagnostic sensitivity (75 percent), specificity (90 percent), and cost (USD 2,500) were provided by our industry partner GE Healthcare.Results: The new diagnostic strategy provided an average gain of 1.83 (95 percent uncertainty interval [UI]: 1.24–2.64) QALYs with added costs of USD 15,595 (95 percent UI: USD -6,330–44,402) over 35 years. The resulting incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was USD 8,516/QALY (95 percent UI: USD -2,947–22,372). Results were most influenced by the utility discounting rate and test performance characteristics; however, the new diagnostic provided clinical benefits over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: This analysis suggests a diagnostic technology capable of identifying whether men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy have localized versus metastatic disease would be a cost-effective alternative to current standard work-up. The results support additional investment in development and validation of such a diagnostic.
Macrofungi of Sitka spruce in Scotland
Authors: Alexander Ian , Watling Roy 
Published: November 2014

SynopsisEighty-four potentially mycorrhizal macrofungi have been recorded with Sitka spruce in Scotland. They derive primarily from the native flora of birch and pine and many are fungi with a wide host range. Specific mycorrhizal associates do not occur. In its native range hypogeous fungi are important but these are largely absent from Scotland. The regularly encountered mycorrhizal flora is less abundant and less diverse than that of Norway spruce or European larch and reflects the importation of Sitka spruce by seed and the ecological conditions to which it gives rise. The saprotrophic macrofungi are species which are widespread and common in a range of vegetation types.
Host–guest adsorption behavior of deuterated methane and molecular oxygen in a porous rare-earth metal–organic framework
Authors: Ogilvie Stephen H. , Duyker Samuel G. , Southon Peter D. , Peterson Vanessa K. , Kepert Cameron J. 
Published: November 2014

The yttrium-based metal–organic framework, Y(btc) (btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), shows moderate uptake of methane (0.623 mmol g−1) and molecular oxygen (0.183 mmol g−1) at 1 bar and 308 K. Neutron powder-diffraction data for the guest-free, CD4-, and O2-loaded framework reveal multiple adsorption sites for each gas. Both molecular guests exhibit interactions with the host framework characterised by distances between the framework and guest atoms that range from 2.83 to 4.81 Å, with these distances identifying interaction most commonly between the guest molecule and the carboxylate functional groups of the benzenetricarboxylate bridging ligand of the host.
Atrioventricular valve repair along with Fontan completion
Authors: Gil-Jaurena Juan M. , González-López María T. , Pérez-Caballero Ramón , Pita Ana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAtrioventricular valve regurgitation is widely known as a risk factor for Fontan completion in patients with univentricular physiology. To date, indications and timing for atrioventricular valve repair remain unclear and different surgical techniques have been advocated. Since 2013, 50 consecutive patients underwent extracardiac Fontan completion in our institution. Atrioventricular valve repair, by avoiding the use of a prosthetic ring, was performed as a concomitant procedure in three of them, with excellent short-term results. Beating-heart repair was performed in one of the patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome as the underlying disease. Valve repair when moderate or severe regurgitation is present may be performed at a low risk. Both the staged approach of atrioventricular valve repair followed by the Fontan as a separate operation and the combined approach of simultaneous atrioventricular valve repair and Fontan have a role in the management of these complex patients. We highlight the importance of the use of “easy and simple” surgical techniques for repairing the atrioventricular valve in order to provide a better life prognosis in Fontan patients.
Voluntary simplification as an alternative to collapse
Authors: Alexander Samuel 
Published: November 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to re-examine Tainter’s dismissal of the voluntary simplification strategy. Joseph Tainter argues that “sustainability” is about problem-solving and that problem-solving increases social complexity. But he also argues that social complexity requires energy and resources, and this implies that solving problems, including environmental problems, usually demands increases in energy and resource consumption, not reductions. For this reason Tainter argues that voluntary simplification – the strategy of choosing to reduce consumption – is not an available means of solving the problems of civilisation.Design/methodology/approach– This paper briefly outlines Tainter’s theory of diminishing returns on complexity and lays out his arguments against voluntary simplification. The critical sections of the paper examine those arguments and find certain ambiguities in them that open up space of voluntary simplification.Findings– Part of my disagreement with Tainter turns on differing notions of “sustainability.” Whereas Tainter seems to use sustainability to mean sustaining the existing civilisation, the author uses sustainability to mean changing the form of civilisation through voluntary simplification, insofar as that is required for humanity to operate within the carrying capacity of the planet. By exposing the indeterminate, value-laden nature of what constitutes a “problem” and what constitutes an appropriate “solution,” it becomes clear that some societal problems can be dissolved rather than solved, that problems have various solutions and that a society’s available energy supply can be redistributed to achieve voluntary simplification while still solving existing and ongoing problems.Originality/value– Given that Tainter seems to accept that his own conception of sustainability will eventually lead to collapse, the author feels he is wrong to be so dismissive of voluntary simplification as a strategy for potentially avoiding collapse. It is, the author argues, our only alternative to collapse, and if that is so, voluntary simplification ought to be given our most rigorous attention and commitment, even if the chances of success do not seem high at all. This paper provides a new analysis of the voluntary simplification strategy and shows that it holds more promise than Tainter appreciates.