bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiver Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Symptoms in African‐Americans with Schizophrenia: An Attempt to Understand the Paradoxical Relationship
Authors: Gurak Kayla , Weisman de Mamani Amy 
Published: October 2015

Expressed emotion (EE) is a family environmental construct that assesses how much criticism, hostility, and/or emotional over‐involvement a family member expresses about a patient (Hooley, Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 2007, 3, 329). Having high levels of EE within the family environment has generally been associated with poorer patient outcomes for schizophrenia and a range of other disorders. Paradoxically, for African‐American patients, high‐EE may be associated with a better symptom course (Rosenfarb, Bellack, & Aziz, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2006, 115, 112). However, this finding is in need of additional support and, if confirmed, clarification. In line with previous research, using a sample of 30 patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers, we hypothesized that having a caregiver classified as low‐EE would be associated with greater patient symptom severity. We also aimed to better understand why this pattern may exist by examining the content of interviews taken from the Five‐Minute Speech Sample. Results supported study hypotheses. In line with Rosenfarb et al. (2006), having a low‐EE caregiver was associated with greater symptom severity in African‐American patients. A content analysis uncovered some interesting patterns that may help elucidate this finding. Results of this study suggest that attempts to lower high‐EE in African Americans may, in fact, be counterproductive.
Carbon and sulfur isotopic signatures of ancient life and environment at the microbial scale: Neoarchean shales and carbonates
Authors: Williford K. H. , Ushikubo T. , Lepot K. , Kitajima K. , Hallmann C. , Spicuzza M. J. , Kozdon R. , Eigenbrode J. L. , Summons R. E. , Valley J. W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn approach to coordinated, spatially resolved, in situ carbon isotope analysis of organic matter and carbonate minerals, and sulfur three‐ and four‐isotope analysis of pyrite with an unprecedented combination of spatial resolution, precision, and accuracy is described. Organic matter and pyrite from eleven rock samples of Neoarchean drill core express nearly the entire range of δ13C, δ34S, Δ33S, and Δ36S known from the geologic record, commonly in correlation with morphology, mineralogy, and elemental composition. A new analytical approach (including a set of organic calibration standards) to account for a strong correlation between H/C and instrumental bias in SIMS δ13C measurement of organic matter is identified. Small (2–3 μm) organic domains in carbonate matrices are analyzed with sub‐permil accuracy and precision. Separate 20‐ to 50‐μm domains of kerogen in a single ~0.5 cm3 sample of the ~2.7 Ga Tumbiana Formation have δ13C = −52.3 ± 0.1‰ and −34.4 ± 0.1‰, likely preserving distinct signatures of methanotrophy and photoautotrophy. Pyrobitumen in the ~2.6 Ga Jeerinah Formation and the ~2.5 Ga Mount McRae Shale is systematically 13C‐enriched relative to co‐occurring kerogen, and associations with uraniferous mineral grains suggest radiolytic alteration. A large range in sulfur isotopic compositions (including higher Δ33S and more extreme spatial gradients in Δ33S and Δ36S than any previously reported) are observed in correlation with morphology and associated mineralogy. Changing systematics of δ34S, Δ33S, and Δ36S, previously investigated at the millimeter to centimeter scale using bulk analysis, are shown to occur at the micrometer scale of individual pyrite grains. These results support the emerging view that the dampened signature of mass‐independent sulfur isotope fractionation (S‐MIF) associated with the Mesoarchean continued into the early Neoarchean, and that the connections between methane and sulfur metabolism affected the production and preservation of S‐MIF during the first half of the planet's history.
Association between apical periodontitis lesions and plasmatic levels of C‐reactive protein, interleukin 6 and fibrinogen in hypertensive patients
Authors: Vidal F. , Fontes T. V. , Marques T. V. F. , Gonçalves L. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo test the null hypothesis of association between chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) and plasmatic levels of the C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and fibrinogen in a population of severely hypertensive patients.MethodologyOne hundred and seventy patients with severe refractory hypertension were selected. All patients were submitted to radiographic, clinical and periodontal evaluation. Plasmatic levels of CRP, IL‐6 and fibrinogen were measured on the morning of the first periodontal appointment using commercially available kits. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to appraise the effect of the co‐variables on the plasmatic levels of the inflammatory markers assessed.ResultsOf the 170 subjects who participated, 105 (61.8%) were females and the median age of the participants was 53 years (range: 40–78). The adjusted multiple linear analyses demonstrated that plasmatic levels of CRP levels were associated with the body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.259, P < 0.001) and residual tooth roots (RTR) (r = 0.191, P = 0.041). IL‐6 and fibrinogen levels showed associated with BMI (r = 0.400, P < 0.001 and r = 0.214, P = 0.002 respectively). CAP correlated weakly with CRP (r = 0.250, P = 0.005), IL‐6 (r = 0.174, P = 0.020) and fibrinogen (r = 0.393, P < 0.001) levels.ConclusionThe null hypothesis was rejected in favour of the alternative hypothesis. In other words, the presence of chronic apical periodontitis was associated with higher plasmatic levels of CRP, IL‐6 and fibrinogen, in a population of severely hypertensive patients. However, the weak association between CAP and each dependent variable suggests a modest participation of endodontic infection on the plasmatic levels of biomarkers.
The role of Eph receptors and Ephrins in the skin
Authors: Wijeratne Dulharie T. , Rodger Jennifer , Wood Fiona M. , Fear Mark W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEph receptors and Ephrin ligands are widely expressed in the skin. Various studies have been carried out to identify the effects of these molecules on many aspects of skin development. Here we summarize the literature that has identified roles for Eph receptors and Ephrins in the skin, focusing mainly on the epidermis, hair follicles, and cutaneous innervation. This review may help direct and focus further investigations into the role of Eph receptors and Ephrins in the development, maintenance, and repair processes in cutaneous biology.
Primary cutaneous lymphoma in southern Brazil: a 12‐year single‐center experience
Authors: Nudelmann Lisia M. , Bonamigo Renan R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrimary cutaneous lymphomas (PCL) are a group of extranodal non‐Hodgkin lymphomas presenting with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. Few longitudinal studies ofPCLhave been conducted, particularly in South American populations. Our objective was to describe the behavior ofPCLand evaluate patient survival in a cohort of patients from southern Brazil.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients with a histopathological diagnosis ofPCLreceiving care at a tertiary referral center in southern Brazil from 2000 to 2012. Clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data, treatment variables, and survival curves were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐nine patients withPCLwere included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 58.9 years. Cutaneous T‐cell and natural killer (NK) cell lymphomas (CTCL/NKCL) accounted for 78.4% of cases and cutaneous B‐cell lymphomas (CBCL) for 21.6%; 57.4% of patients withCTCL/NKCLand 50% of patients withCBCLwere male. Half of all cases were mycosis fungoides (MF). The 5‐year survival rate was 74.8% forMF, 61% for Sézary syndrome, 87.5% for primary cutaneousCD30+ lymphoproliferative disorders, and 88.9% for primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma.ConclusionsIn this cohort of patients withPCLfrom southern Brazil,CTCL/NKCLwas more prevalent thanCBCL, and theMFsubtype was predominant. Survival curves were similar to those reported in the literature, except for Sézary syndrome, which had a better prognosis in this sample.
Effect of excimer laser treatment on vitiliginous areas with leukotrichia after confirmation by dermoscopy
Authors: Kim Min Seok , Cho Eun Byul , Park Eun Joo , Kim Kwang Ho , Kim Kwang Joong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundLeukotrichia is clinically common in patients with vitiligo, and dermoscopy is useful for finding white vellus hair. The use of phototherapy in the repigmentation of vitiliginous areas with leukotrichia is usually difficult because of a deficient melanocyte reservoir.ObjectivesWe sought to evaluate the effect of leukotrichia on the clinical outcomes of excimer laser treatment.MethodsWe treated 77 patients with vitiligo using excimer laser therapy. Vitiligo is classified into two types: segmental vitiligo (SV) and nonsegmental vitiligo (NSV). Before starting the treatment, we confirmed the leukotrichia of vitiliginous lesions by dermoscopy and then treated the areas once weekly for 24 weeks. At the beginning and 24 weeks later, we took clinical pictures and graded the repigmentation from 1 to 4. Grades 1 and 2 were defined as a poor response and grades 3 and 4 as a good response.ResultsThirty‐one of 77 patients with vitiligo had SV. Among those with SV, 24 (77.4%) had leukotrichia, and these patients showed a poor response compared to those without leukotrichia (P = 0.272). Three of 24 patients with SV and leukotrichia showed a good response. Among the 46 patients with NSV, 18 (39.1%) had leukotrichia and showed a poor response. Twenty‐eight (60.9%) of the 46 patients with NSV without leukotrichia showed a good response in contrast to those with leukotrichia (P < 0.01). Comparison of the response to the excimer laser treatment, regardless of vitiligo type, showed that leukotrichia was a significant negative factor in the repigmentation of vitiliginous areas (P < 0.01).ConclusionExcimer laser therapy was satisfactory in patients with vitiligo, including SV. Confirming the presence of leukotrichia in patients with vitiligo before excimer laser treatment would be helpful in predicting the response to treatment.
Self‐reported tattoo reactions in a cohort of 448 French tattooists
Authors: Kluger Nicolas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐reported complaints in people having tattoos, including swelling, itch, and photosensitivity, are frequent. Tattooists are usually heavily tattooed with multiple extended colored tattoos and constitute a specific population of interest.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of cutaneous complications on tattoos among a cohort of French tattooists.MethodsAn observational self‐reported internet survey was performed among the tattooists of the French Tattoo Union in November 2013 to report on complaints about their tattoos.ResultsOf the 448 respondents, 42.6% reported a “tattoo reaction” on a least one of their previous tattoos: transient itch (45.7%), wax‐and‐waning swelling (57%), and swelling after sun exposure (23%). A tattoo “allergy” on one color of the tattoo was found in 8%. Permanent itch, swelling, and cutaneous infection were rare. No skin cancer on tattoos was reported. The binary regression analysis revealed that the area of the tattooed body surface was the main driver of the risk of developing a tattoo reaction, mainly transient or permanent swelling triggered by sun exposure or not. The tattoo reaction, transient itch, and swelling on tattoos seemed to be associated with the sun protection habits of the tattooed individuals.ConclusionProfessional tattooists have a high prevalence of minor complaints (transient itch and swelling) and photosensitivity on their tattoos such as in the general tattooed population.
The perioperative time course and clinical significance of the chemokine CXCL16 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Dreymueller Daniela , Goetzenich Andreas , Emontzpohl Christoph , Soppert Josefin , Ludwig Andreas , Stoppe Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor CXCR6 have been linked to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic cardiovascular disease. However, data on the clinical significance of CXCL16 in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) are still lacking. Therefore, we determined CXCL16 in the serum of cardiac surgery patients and investigated its kinetics and association with the extent of organ dysfunction. 48 patients underwent conventional cardiac surgery with myocardial I/R and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were consecutively enrolled in the present study. We investigated the peri‐ and post‐operative profile of CXCL16. Clinical relevant data were assessed and documented throughout the entire observation period. To identify the influence of myocardial I/R and CPB on CXCL16 release data were compared to those received from patients that underwent off‐pump procedure. Pre‐operative serum CXCL16 levels were comparable to those obtained from healthy volunteers (1174 ± 55.64 pg/ml versus 1225 ± 70.94). However, CXCL16 levels significantly increased during surgery (1174 ± 55.64 versus 1442 ± 75.42 pg/ml; P = 0.0057) and reached maximum levels 6 hrs after termination of surgery (1174 ± 55.64 versus 1648 ± 74.71 pg/ml; P < 0.001). We revealed a positive correlation between the intraoperative serum levels of CXCL16 and the extent of organ dysfunction (r2 = 0.356; P = 0.031). Patients with high CXCL16 release showed an increased extent of organ dysfunction compared to patients with low CXCL16 release. Our study shows that CXCL16 is released into the circulation as a result of cardiac surgery and that high post‐operative CXCL16 levels are associated with an increased severity of post‐operative organ dysfunctions.
Predictors of tooth loss due to periodontal disease in patients following long‐term periodontal maintenance
Authors: Martinez‐Canut Pedro 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo analyse patient‐related factors (PRFs) and tooth‐related factors (TRFs) associated with tooth loss due to periodontal disease (TLPD) in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance (PM).Material and MethodsThe sample consisted of 500 patients (mean follow‐up of 20 years). The impact of PRFs on TLPD was analysed with Poisson regression and multivariate logistic regression. The simultaneous impact of PRFs and TRFs was analysed with multilevel logistic regression and Cox regression.ResultsTooth loss due to periodontal disease was 515 (mean 0.05 patient/year). The significant PRFs were severe periodontitis (p < 0.001), aggressive periodontitis (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.018), bruxism (p = 0.022) and baseline number of teeth (p = 0.001). These PRFs allowed characterizing patients losing more teeth. The whole TRFs analysed were significant, depending on the type of tooth and the category of each factor (e.g. mobility 0, 1, 2, and 3). The significant PRFs increased the risk of TLPD by 2 to 3 times while TRFs increased the risk to a higher extent. Mobility was the main TRF.ConclusionsSevere periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, smoking, bruxism and baseline number of teeth, as well as the whole TRFs analysed, were associated with TLPD.
Different role of zinc transporter 8 between type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yi Bo , Huang Gan , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiabetes can be simply classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), a novel islet autoantigen, is specifically expressed in insulin‐containing secretory granules of β‐cells. Genetic studies show that the genotypes ofSLC30A8can determine either protective or diabetogenic response depending on environmental and lifestyle factors. The ZnT8 protein expression, as well as zinc content in β‐cells, was decreased in diabetic mice. Thus, ZnT8 might participate in insulin biosynthesis and release, and subsequently involved deteriorated β‐cell function through direct or indirect mechanisms in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. From a clinical feature standpoint, the prevalence of ZnT8A is gradiently increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 1 diabetes mellitus. The frequency and epitopes of ZnT8‐specific T cells and cytokine release by ZnT8‐specific T cells are also different in diabetic patients and healthy controls. Additionally, the response to ZnT8 administration is also different in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present review, we summarize the literature about clinical aspects of ZnT8 in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and suggest that ZnT8 might play a different role between type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Biochemical Characterization of Branched Chain Amino Acids Uptake in Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Manchola Nubia C. , Rapado Ludmila N. , Barisón María J. , Silber Ariel M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTrypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. During its life cycle, it alternates among vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Metabolic flexibility is a main biochemical characteristic of this parasite, which is able to obtain energy by oxidizing a variety of nutrients that can be transported from the extracellular medium. Moreover, several of these metabolites, more specifically amino acids, have a variety of functions beyond being sources of energy. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), beyond their role in ATP production, are involved in sterol biosynthesis; for example, leucine is involved as a negative regulator of the parasite differentiation process occurring in the insect midgut. BCAA are essential metabolites in most nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes, including trypanosomes. In view of this, the metabolism of BCAA in T. cruzi depends mainly on their transport into the cell. In this work, we kinetically characterized the BCAA transport in T. cruzi epimastigotes. Our data point to BCAA as being transported by a single saturable transport system able to recognize leucine, isoleucine and valine. In view of this, we used leucine to further characterize this system. The transport increased linearly with temperature from 10 to 45 °C, allowing the calculation of an activation energy of 51.30 kJ/mol. Leucine uptake was an active process depending on ATP production and a H+ gradient, but not on a Na+ or K+ gradient at the cytoplasmic membrane level.
The Peptide Oxytocin Antagonist F‐792, When Given Systemically, Does Not Act Centrally in Lactating Rats
Authors: Leng G. , Russell J. A. 
Published: October 2015

Oxytocin secreted by nerve terminals in the posterior pituitary has important actions for ensuring a successful outcome of pregnancy: it stimulates uterine contractions that lead to birth and it is essential in the milk‐ejection reflex, enabling milk to be expelled from the mammary glands into the mouths of suckling young. Oxytocin also has important actions in the brain: released from dendrites of neurones that innervate the posterior pituitary, oxytocin auto‐excites the neurones to fire action potentials in co‐ordinated bursts, causing secretion of pulses of oxytocin. Central oxytocin actions are blocked by an oxytocin antagonist given into the brain and, consequently, milk transfer stops. Systemic peptide oxytocin antagonist (atosiban) treatment is used clinically in management of pre‐term labour, a major obstetric problem. Hence, it is important to know whether an oxytocin antagonist given peripherally can enter the brain and interfere with central oxytocin actions. In the present study, we tested F792, a peptide oxytocin antagonist. In urethane‐anaesthetised suckled rats, we show that the mammary gland responsiveness to oxytocin is blocked by i.v. injections of 7 μg/kg of F792, and the milk‐ejection reflex is blocked when F792 is given directly into the brain at a dose of 0.2 μg. To critically test whether F792 given systemically can enter the brain, we recorded the suckling‐ and oxytocin‐induced burst‐firing of individual antidromically identified oxytocin neurones in the paraventricular nucleus. Given systemically at 100 μg/kg i.v., F792 acted only peripherally, blocking the milk‐ejecting actions of oxytocin, but not the burst‐firing of oxytocin neurones during suckling (n = 5 neurones in five rats). Hence, this peptide oxytocin antagonist does not enter the brain from the circulation to interfere with an essential oxytocin function in the brain. Furthermore, the functions of oxytocin in the brain evidently cannot be explored with a systemic peptide antagonist.
The Calm before the Storm
Authors: AKBAS FERHAT 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTI provide evidence that stocks experiencing unusually low trading volume over the week prior to earnings announcements have more unfavorable earnings surprises. This effect is more pronounced among stocks with higher short‐selling constraints. These findings support the view that unusually low trading volume signals negative information, since, under short‐selling constraints, informed agents with bad news stay by the sidelines. Changes in visibility or risk‐based explanations are insufficient to explain the results. This evidence provides insights into why unusually low trading volume predicts price declines.
Human factors – recognising and minimising errors in our day to day practice
Authors: Green B , Tsiroyannis C , Brennan PA 
Published: October 2015

A significant cause of mistakes in healthcare and which are potentially harmful or fatal to patients can result from both individual clinicians and their employing organisations. The understanding and recognition of the role of human error within the healthcare setting is improving, but we still have much to learn when compared with other high‐risk organisations such as aviation where such errors can be devastating at a much larger scale.The importance of both organisational issues and human factor issues at a more personal level including tiredness, the effect of emotions and the role of situational awareness, needs to be understood by all those involved in healthcare. Potential mistakes can be reduced with simple measures which need to be recognised by, emphasised and embedded in both teams and individuals.In this review, we address the need for greater awareness of human factors, assessing the path to error and how this can be reduced to minimum levels in clinical practice.
Clinical evaluation of the Shin‐Nippon SRW‐5000 autorefractor in adults: an update
Authors: Mallen Edward A. H. , Gilmartin Bernard , Wolffsohn James S. , Tsujimura Sei‐ichi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeThe Shin‐Nippon SRW‐5000 is an open view autorefractor that superseded the Canon R‐1 autorefractor in the mid‐1990s and has been used widely in optometry and vision science laboratories. It has been used to measure refractive error, accommodation responses both statically and dynamically, off‐axis refractive error, and adapted to measure pupil size. This paper presents an overview of the original 2001 clinical evaluation of the SRW‐5000 in adults (Mallen et al., Ophthal Physiol Opt 2001; 21: 101) and provides an update on the use and modification of the instrument since the original publication.Recent findingsThe SRW‐5000 instrument, and the family of devices which followed, have shown excellent validity, repeatability, and utility in clinical and research settings. The instruments have also shown great potential for increased research functionality following a number of modifications.SummaryThe SRW‐5000 and its derivatives have been, and continue to be, of significant importance in our drive to understand myopia progression, myopia control techniques, and oculomotor function in human vision.