bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an LC‐MS/MS method for determining the pharmacokinetics of clonidine following oral administration of Zhenju antihypertensive compound
Authors: Qin Jing , Wang Limin , Wu Lihong , Chen Jun , Shen Teng , Li Yongji , Han Limei , Wang Jianxin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractZhenju antihypertensive compound (ZJAHC) is a combined Chinese–Western medicine formula including clonidine (CLO), hydrochlorothiazide (HCT), rutin, Chrysanthemum indicum extract and pearl powder. Compared with CLO preparations, ZJAHC shows improved activities and decreased adverse effects. It is believed that the side effects of CLO are caused by its high peak plasma concentration. Hence, study of the influence of ZJAHC on the pharmacokinetic behaviors of clonidine seems essential. In present study, the plasma concentrations of CLO were determined with a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method. The MS/MS transitions monitored for clonidine and internal standard were 230.2 → 213.1 and 152.2 → 110.2, respectively. The analyte was quantified in a single run within 3 min. The pharmacokinetic study showed that the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of CLO in ZJAHC (60 µg/kg CLO) was similar to that of CLO‐HCT‐high (120 µg/kg CLO) but the peak concentration was much lower than that in CLO‐HCT‐high. ZJAHC could enhance the bioavailability without greatly increasing peak concentration of clonidine. This comprehensive effect of enhancing the bioavailability and avoiding the high peak plasma concentration for CLO might mainly result from the co‐contribution of Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), while the effect of TCM was stronger than that of Western medicine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of New 2.4 V Lithium‐Ion Cell with Carbon‐Coated LiTi2(PO4)3 as the Cathode
Authors: Aravindan Vanchiappan , Ulaganathan Mani , Ling Wong Chui , Madhavi Srinivasan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the present work, we present the successful fabrication of a 2.4 V Li‐ion cells with NASICON‐type carbon‐coated LiTi2(PO4)3 [C‐LiTi2(PO4)3] as the cathode and pre‐lithiated graphite (LiC6) as the anode . This class of 2.4 V Li‐ion cell, C‐LiTi2(PO4)3/LiC6, is capable of delivering charge and discharge capacities of approximately 108 and 113 mAh g−1 [based on C‐LiTi2(PO4)3 loading] at 0.05 mA cm−2 at ambient temperature. A good cyclability over 100 cycles is also observed for the low‐cost and ecofriendly configuration, which is certainly capable of powering various portable electronic devices. The LiTi2(PO4)3 nanoparticles are prepared by firstly using a Pechini‐type polymerizable‐complex method and subsequently carbon coating by decomposing glucose.
γH2AX responses in human buccal cells exposed to ionizing radiation
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad Sabbir , François Maxime , Fenech Michael F. , Leifert Wayne R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDNA double strand breaks are induced by ionizing radiation (IR), leading to the phosphorylation of the core histone protein H2AX (termed γH2AX). The understanding of the γH2AX responses in irradiated human buccal cells is still very limited. We used visual scoring and laser scanning cytometry (LSC) methods to investigate γH2AX signaling following exposure of human buccal cells (from six individuals) to ionizing radiation at 0–4 Gy. The frequency of nuclei containing 15–30 γH2AX foci was significantly elevated 30 min post‐IR exposure (by visual scoring). Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in the frequency of cells without foci following exposure to IR. IR‐induced γH2AX signal as determined by laser scanning cytometry (which included γH2AX integral and MaxPixel value) increased significantly in all individual's 2N nuclei 30 min post‐IR and was similar for all three nuclear shapes identified. Individuals with the lowest baseline γH2AX integral (i.e., in nonirradiated cells) showed the greatest fold stimulation of γH2AX and significant dose‐responses to IR doses of 1, 2, and 4 Gy. In 5 out of 6 individuals, the frequency of visually scored γH2AX in nuclei showed a strong correlation (up to r = 0.999) with LSC scored γH2AX integrals. The γH2AX response and subsequent decline varied between individuals but remained elevated above baseline levels 24 h post IR exposure. γH2AX response in irradiated human buccal cells has potential to be used as an index of baseline DNA damage in population studies. The variable response to IR exposure between individuals should be taken into consideration when using the γH2AX assay for radiation biodosimetry. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Structures and Properties of Luminescent Pentanitratoeuropate(III) Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao Ying , He Ling , Tang Ning , Qin Song , Tao Guo‐Hong , Liang Fu‐Xin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of luminescent ionic liquids based on pentanitratoeuropate(III) anions combined with imidazolium cations, namely, 1,2,3‐trimethylimidazolium {[MC1mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (1)}, 1,3‐dimethylimidazolium {[C1mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (2)}, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium {[C2mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (3)}, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimdazolium {[C4mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (4)}, 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazolium {[C6mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (5)}, and 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium {[C8mim]2[Eu(NO3)5] (6)}, were synthesized. These complexes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis. They exhibit high thermostability and wide liquidus ranges of more than 300 °C. Colorless plate crystals of 1 were isolated, and the crystal structure was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction [monoclinic system, C2/c space group with the cell parameters a = 21.6870(6) Å, b = 9.9807(4) Å, c = 15.0267(6) Å, β = 131.140(4)°, Z = 4]. In the [Eu(NO3)5]2– anion, the 10‐coordinate EuIII ion is coordinated by five bidentate nitrate ligands and has a highly symmetrical trigonal‐bipyramidal geometry. Compounds 1–6 exhibit bright red luminescence of high colorimetric purity. Only two characteristic narrow monochromatic bands, arising from the 5D0→7FJ (J = 1 and 2) intraconfigurational f–f transitions, were clearly observed in their emission spectra at 298 K. The intense red photoluminescence is still stable at 150 °C. These 10‐coordinated EuIII complexes are of interest as potential thermally stable luminescent soft materials.
Synthesis of Isoindoles by One‐Electron Reductions of Dibenzo[1,4]diazocines
Authors: Bovenkerk Marcel , Esser Birgit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA synthetic protocol to isoindoles is reported through one‐electron reductions of dibenzo[1,4]diazocines. The utility of the approach has been demonstrated through the synthesis of six novel isoindole derivatives. Photophysical measurements revealed emissions between 440 and 460 nm. A reaction mechanism, supported by experimental results and quantum chemical calculations, is postulated.
Spirangien Derivatives from the Myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biological Activity
Authors: Bruns Nicole , Collisi Wera , Bernecker Steffen , Stadler Marc , Richter Christian , Schwalbe Harald , Kalesse Markus 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn addition to spirangiens A (1) and B (2), 11 new spirangiens have been isolated from the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum (strain So ce90). Spirangiens A and B consist of a polyketide backbone with a spiroketal core, 13 stereocenters, and a conjugated pentaene chromophore with a terminal carboxylic acid. The structures of the derivatives were elucidated on the basis of NMR and MS data. The stereochemistry was determined by 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as by biosynthetic studies. Four derivatives 6–9 differ in the cis/trans double‐bond geometry of the pentaene chromophore side‐chain and four of them (4–6 and 10) are characterized by the absence of methoxy groups. Derivative 13 does not exhibit the spiroketal core due to reduction of the acetalic carbonyl group. In addition, 11 and 12 exhibit the opposite configuration at C‐20 compared with the known spirangiens A and B. Derivative 3 contains an additional hydroxy group at the end of the side‐chain. All the new spirangien derivatives, as well as spirangiens A and B, were tested in cytotoxicity assays against two different cell lines and showed strong cytotoxic activity. Even though spirangien A was identified as the most cytotoxic compound, other derivatives, such as 3, 4, 6, and 10, showed significantly higher activity against the KB‐3‐1 cell line than against the nontransformed cells (L‐929).
Preparation and characterization of nanomagnetic cross‐linked cellulase aggregates for cellulose bioconversion
Authors: Jafari Khorshidi Kaveh , Lenjannezhadian Hengameh , Jamalan Mostafa , Zeinali Majid 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCellulose as a renewable biomaterial has forced attention on the use of cellulose‐hydrolyzing enzymes for industrial bioconversion of lignocellulosic materials to glucose. This paper reports immobilization of cross‐linked cellulase aggregates (CLEA) on the amine‐functionalized Fe3O4@silica core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs).RESULTSThe optimum pH of the cellulase cocktail upon immobilization (cellulase CLEA–MNP) shifted a little to the acidic side whereas the optimum temperature did not change significantly. The behavior of CMCase activity in the cellulase CLEA–MNP at pH and temperature values higher than the optimum was significantly different compared with free cellulase. Cellulase CLEA–MNP retained about 45% of its maximum activity at pH values higher than 4.8, while free cellulase lost its activity sharply. Immobilized cellulase in contrast to the free form retained about 65% of its maximum activity at 80°C. Cellulase CLEA–MNP had improved thermal stability at 65°C. Operational stability of the immobilized cellulase was also noticeable. After a sharp decrease during two cycles of CMC hydrolysis, cellulase CLEA–MNP retained 30% of its initial activity through six cycles of reuse.CONCLUSIONSimple separation of MNPs from reaction medium and durability of CLEA–MNP composite during repeated use may overcome the major bottleneck against comprehensive applications of cellulase enzymes in industry. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Fair Business und Geschäftsanbahnung auf Auslandsmärkten
Authors: Schneider Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGerade im Export setzen Bergbauzulieferer häufig fremde Dritte wie Agenten oder Handelshäuser ein. Dieser Beitrag zeigt, welche Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein müssen, um nicht den Anschein steuer‐ und strafrechtlicher Verfehlungen zu wecken oder gar zu begehen.
Mathematical models for the non‐isothermal Johnson–Segalman viscoelasticity in porous media: stability and wave propagation
Authors: Franchi Franca , Lazzari Barbara , Nibbi Roberta 
Published: December 2014

We present a nonlinear model for Johnson–Segalman type polymeric fluids in porous media, accounting for thermal effects of Oldroyd‐B type. We provide a thermodynamic development of the Darcy's theory, which is consistent with the interlacement between thermal and viscoelastic relaxation effects and diffusion phenomena. The appropriate invariant convected time derivative for the flux vector and the stress tensor is discussed. This is performed by investigating the local balance laws and entropy inequality in the spatial configuration, within the single‐fluid approach. For constant parameters, our thermomechanical setting is of Jeffreys type with two delay time parameters, and hence, in the linear/linearized version, it is strictly related to phase‐lag theories within first‐order Taylor approximations.A detailed spectral analysis is carried out for the linearized version of the model, with a scrutiny to some significant limit situations, enhancing the stabilizing effects of the dissipative and elastic mechanisms, also for retardation responses.For polymeric liquids, rheological aspects, wave propagation properties and analogies with other theories with lagging are pointed out. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Under‐expression of α8 integrin aggravates experimental atherosclerosis
Authors: Menendez‐Castro Carlos , Cordasic Nada , Neureiter Daniel , Amann Kerstin , Marek Ines , Volkert Gudrun , Stintzing Sebastian , Jahn Angelika , Rascher Wolfgang , Hilgers Karl F , Hartner Andrea 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIntegrins play an important role in vascular biology. The α8 integrin chain attenuates smooth muscle cell migration but its functional role in the development of atherosclerosis is unclear. Therefore, we studied the contribution of α8 integrin to atherosclerosis and vascular remodelling. We hypothesized that α8 integrin expression is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, and that its under‐expression leads to a more severe course of atherosclerosis. α8 Integrin was detected by immunohistochemistry and qPCR and α8 integrin‐deficient mice were used to induce two models of atherosclerotic lesions. First, ligation of the carotid artery led to medial thickening and neointima formation, which was quantified in carotid cross‐sections. Second, after crossing into ApoE‐deficient mice, the formation of advanced vascular lesions with atherosclerotic plaques was quantified in aortic en face preparations stained with Sudan IV. Parameters of renal physiology and histopathology were assessed: α8 integrin was detected in the media of human and murine vascular tissue and was down‐regulated in arteries with advanced atherosclerotic lesions. In α8 integrin‐deficient mice (α8−/−) as well as α8+/− and α8+/+ littermates, carotid artery ligation increased media:lumen ratios in all genotypes, with higher values in ligated α8−/− and α8+/− compared to ligated α8+/+ animals. Carotid artery ligation increased smooth muscle cell number in the media of α8+/+ mice and, more prominently, of α8−/− or α8+/− mice. On an ApoE−/− background, α8+/− and α8−/− mice developed more atherosclerotic plaques than α8+/+ mice. α8 Integrin expression was reduced in α8+/− animals. Renal damage with increased serum creatinine and glomerulosclerosis was detected in α8−/− mice only. Thus, under‐expression of α8 integrin aggravates vascular lesions, while a complete loss of α8 integrin results in reduced renal mass and additional renal disease in the presence of generalized atherosclerosis. Our data support the hypothesis that integrin α8β1 has a protective role in arterial remodelling and atherosclerosis. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wild boar populations up, numbers of hunters down? A review of trends and implications for Europe
Authors: Massei Giovanna , Kindberg Jonas , Licoppe Alain , Gačić Dragan , Šprem Nikica , Kamler Jiří , Baubet Eric , Hohmann Ulf , Monaco Andrea , Ozoliņš Janis , Cellina Sandra , Podgórski Tomasz , Fonseca Carlos , Markov Nickolay , Pokorny Boštjan , Rosell Carme , Náhlik András 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcross Europe, wild boar numbers increased in the 1960s–1970s but stabilised in the 1980s; recent evidence suggests that the numbers and impact of wild boar has grown steadily since the 1980s. As hunting is the main cause of mortality for this species, we reviewed wild boar hunting bags and hunter population trends in 18 European countries from 1982 to 2012. Hunting statistics and numbers of hunters were used as indicators of animal numbers and hunting pressure. The results confirmed that wild boar increased consistently throughout Europe, while the number of hunters remained relatively stable or declined in most countries. We conclude that recreational hunting is insufficient to limit wild boar population growth and that the relative impact of hunting on wild boar mortality had decreased. Other factors, such as mild winters, reforestation, intensification of crop production, supplementary feeding and compensatory population responses of wild boar to hunting pressure might also explain population growth. As populations continue to grow, more human–wild boar conflicts are expected unless this trend is reversed. New interdisciplinary approaches are urgently required to mitigate human–wild boar conflicts, which are otherwise destined to grow further. © 2014 Crown copyright. Pest Management Science © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Examination of defects and the seed's critical thickness in HVPE‐GaN growth on ammonothermal GaN seed
Authors: Sochacki Tomasz , Amilusik Mikolaj , Fijalkowski Michal , Iwinska Malgorzata , Lucznik Boleslaw , Weyher Jan L. , Kamler Grzegorz , Kucharski Robert , Grzegory Izabella , Bockowski Michal 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIt is demonstrated in this paper that 1.9‐mm‐thick gallium nitride grown by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE) on an ammonothermally grown GaN seed can reproduce the structural, in terms of defects, properties of the seed. The etch pit density and its correlation to the threading dislocation density in the ammonothermal GaN substrate and the HVPE‐GaN layer is presented and analyzed. However, it has recently been observed that for HVPE‐GaN thicker than 2 mm some additional defects are formed in the new grown material. Therefore, three HVPE growth runs were performed in the same experimental conditions, using three structurally identical ammonothermally grown GaN seeds of different thicknesses. The influence of the thickness of the seeds on the crystallization process and the properties of the HVPE‐GaN layers is shown and discussed.
Perceived Changes in Social Relations after Earthquake Trauma among Eastern Anatolian Women: Associated Factors and Mental Health Consequences
Authors: Sezgin A. Ufuk , Punamäki Raija‐Leena 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this study, we examined social relations in women exposed to earthquake trauma in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. We examined women's perceptions regarding the changes in their social relations within their neighbourhood, within their marriage and with their children; analysed the factors that were associated with these relations; and tested the hypothesis that an improvement in social relations will protect women's mental health from the negative impact of earthquake trauma.Participants consisted of a random selection of 1253 women, who were interviewed regarding their psychosocial needs and mental health status 1 year after earthquake. They reported trauma‐related changes in their social relations; their mental health was evaluated using the Post Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale and Brief Symptom Inventory.Our study demonstrated severe earthquake trauma was associated with deteriorated social relations, especially neighbourhood and marital relations. Deteriorated marital and child relations were associated with increased levels of psychiatric distress; deteriorated neighbourhood relations were associated with intrusive posttraumatic stress symptoms. Improved neighbourhood relations, but not family relations, were able to protect women's mental health from the negative impact of trauma. The results are discussed regarding their relevance to gender effects and the provision of relation‐specific and symptom‐specific disaster relief. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac axis shift within the cardiac cycle of normal fetuses and fetuses with congenital heart defect
Authors: Zhao Y. , Abuhamad S. , Sinkovskaya E. , Mlynarczyk M. , Romary L. , Abuhamad A. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate changes in the cardiac axis (CAx) within the cardiac cycle of normal fetuses and fetuses with congenital heart defects (CHD).MethodsThis was a retrospective case–control study in which stored videoclips of four‐chamber views from 527 prenatal ultrasound examinations performed at 18 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks of gestation were reviewed. Among the ultrasound scans included, 287 were of normal fetuses (controls) and 240 were of fetuses with CHD. In each case, the CAx was measured at end systole (just before the atrioventricular (AV) valve opened) and at end diastole (just before the AV valve closed). CAx measurements of fetuses with CHD were compared to those of controls.ResultsThe mean CAx in the control group was 45.9 ± 8.5° at end systole and 38.3 ± 8.4° at end diastole (P < 0.001), resulting in an average difference of 7.6 ± 3.2°. The mean CAx in fetuses with CHD was 53.4 ± 17.8° at end systole and 47.5 ± 17.3° at end diastole (P < 0.001), resulting in an average difference of 5.9 ± 6.3°. However, in some forms of CHD, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome and L‐transposition of the great arteries, the CAx was greater at end diastole than at end systole, with a difference of more than 5°. In 21.3% of control fetuses, there was a CAx shift within the cardiac cycle of ≥ 10°. Abnormal CAx measured at end systole was strongly associated with CHD.ConclusionsMeasurement of the CAx at end systole provides values that differ from those when measured at end diastole, in both normal fetuses and those with CHD. We recommend that the CAx be measured at end systole as a greater proportion of fetuses with CHD and fewer normal fetuses have an abnormal CAx at this stage compared to at end diastole. The occurrence of an abnormal CAx and the CAx shift within the fetal cardiac cycle depend on the type of CHD. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Recurrent Symptoms After Heller Myotomy for Achalasia: Evaluation and Treatment
Authors: Patti Marco G. , Allaix Marco E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A laparoscopic Heller myotomy with partial fundoplication is considered today in most centers in the United States and abroad the treatment of choice for patients with esophageal achalasia. Even though the operation has initially a very high success rate, dysphagia eventually recurs in some patients. In these cases, it is important to perform a careful work‐up to identify the cause of the failure and to design a tailored treatment plan by either endoscopic means or revisional surgery. The best results are obtained by a team approach, in Centers where radiologists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons have experience in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
RECURSIVE CALCULATION OF RUIN PROBABILITIES AT OR BEFORE CLAIM INSTANTS FOR NON-IDENTICALLY DISTRIBUTED CLAIMS
Authors: Raducan Anisoara Maria , Vernic Raluca , Zbaganu Gheorghita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present recursive formulae for the ruin probability at or before a certain claim arrival instant for some particular continuous time risk model. The claim number process underlying this risk model is a renewal process with either Erlang or a mixture of exponentials inter-claim times (ICTs). The claim sizes (CSs) are independent and distributed in Erlang's family, i.e., they can have different parameters, which yields a non-homogeneous risk process. We present the corresponding recursive algorithm used to evaluate the above mentioned ruin probability and we illustrate it on several numerical examples in which we vary the model's parameters to assess the impact of the non-homogeneity on the resulting ruin probability.