bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends in δ18O composition of precipitation in Germany: insights from time series modelling and trend analysis
Authors: Klaus Julian , Chun Kwok Pan , Stumpp Christine 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTemporal and spatial variations of stable oxygen (18O) and hydrogen (2H) isotope measurements in precipitation act as important proxies for changing hydro‐meteorological and regional and global climate patterns. Temporal trends in time series of the stable isotope composition in precipitation were rarely observed, and they are poorly understood. These might be a result of a lack of proper trend detection tools and effort for exploring trend processes. Here, we investigate temporal trends of δ18O in precipitation at 17 observation stations in Germany between 1978 and 2009. We test if significant trends in the isotope time series from different models can be observed. Mann–Kendall trend tests are applied on the isotope series, using general multiplicative seasonal autoregressive integrate moving average (ARIMA) models, which account for first and higher order serial correlations. Effects of temperature, precipitation, and geographic parameters on isotope trends are also investigated in the proposed models. To benchmark our proposed approach, the ARIMA results are compared with a trend‐free pre‐whitening procedure, the state of the art method for removing the first order autocorrelation in environmental trend studies. Moreover, we further explore whether higher order serial correlations in isotope series affects our trend results. Overall, three out of the 17 stations show significant changes when higher order autocorrelation are adjusted, and four show a significant trend when temperature and precipitation effects are considered. The significant trends in the isotope time series generally occur only at low elevation stations. Higher order autoregressive processes are shown to be important in the isotope time series analysis. Results suggest that the widely used trend analysis with only the first order autocorrelation adjustment may not adequately take account of the high order autocorrelated processes in the stable isotope series. The investigated time series analysis method including higher autocorrelation and external climate variable adjustments is shown to be a better alternative. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Dynamic Fuzzy Money Management Approach for Controlling the Intraday Risk‐Adjusted Performance of AI Trading Algorithms
Authors: Vella Vince , Ng Wing Lon 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe majority of existing artificial intelligence (AI) studies in computational finance literature are devoted solely to predicting market movements. In this paper we shift the attention to how AI can be applied to control risk‐based money management decisions. We propose an innovative fuzzy logic approach which identifies and categorizes technical rules performance across different regions in the trend and volatility space. The model dynamically prioritizes higher performing regions at an intraday level and adapts money management policies with the objective to maximize global risk‐adjusted performance. By adopting a hybrid method in conjunction with a popular neural network (NN) trend prediction model, our results show significant performance improvements compared with both standard NN and buy‐and‐hold approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cells producing their own nemesis: Understanding methylglyoxal metabolism
Authors: Chakraborty Sangeeta , Karmakar Kapudeep , Chakravortty Dipshikha 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMethylglyoxal, which is technically known as 2‐oxopropanal or pyruvaldehyde, shows typical reactions of carbonyl compounds as it has both an aldehyde and a ketone functional group. It is an extremely cytotoxic physiological metabolite, which is generated by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. The deleterious nature of the compound is due to its ability to glycate and crosslink macromolecules like protein and DNA, respectively. However, despite having toxic effects on cellular processes, methylglyoxal retains its efficacy as an anticancer drug. Indeed, methylglyoxal is one of the well‐known anticancer therapeutic agents used in the treatment. Several studies on methylglyoxal biology revolve around the manifestations of its inhibitory effects and toxicity in microbial growth and diabetic complications, respectively. Here, we have revisited the chronology of methylglyoxal research with emphasis on metabolism of methylglyoxal and implications of methylglyoxal production or detoxification on bacterial pathogenesis and disease progression. © 2014 IUBMB Life, 66(10):667–678, 2014
Quality changes during cod (Gadus morhua) desalting at different temperatures
Authors: Oliveira Helena , Gonçalves Amparo , Nunes Maria L , Vaz‐Pires Paulo , Costa Rui 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo advise consumers and manufacturers regarding decreasing the time needed to desalt salted cod (a time‐consuming process), there is a need to develop knowledge about quality changes at different desalting temperatures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physico‐chemical, microbiological and sensory quality changes and their causes during cod desalting at 5, 10 and 15 °C, using a cod/water ratio of 1:9 without water changes. The influence of slices with different thickness and different desalting times was also evaluated.RESULTSDesalting promoted a decrease in the levels of total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and free amino acids nitrogen (FAA‐N). The highest FAA‐N values were found in ‘thicker’ samples desalted at 15 °C due to the higher proteolytic bacteria number observed in these samples, which activity compensated the leaching of soluble components to the desalting solution. The water uptake and the salt leaching out of the muscle found during the processes created conditions for the bacterial growth, contributing to the spoilage at 15 °C. Based on fresh odour and ‘off’‐flavours results, ‘thicker’ samples desalted at 15 °C after 72 h were close to spoilage and on microbial levels were spoiled.CONCLUSIONIn order to extend the shelf life and safety of cod desalted products, desalting at temperatures above 10 °C is not advisable. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Incentives and Challenges in Community‐Based Rangeland Management: Evidence from Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Fekadu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper explores incentives and challenges in community‐based rangeland management. Results from three case studies indicate variability in herders' motivation to contribute to the conservation and management of rangeland resources. The basic reason behind the failure to ensure sustained collective action largely lies in the little effort made by the intervening agencies in creating awareness on the long‐term consequences of climate change and biodiversity loss. In some villages, observation of positive results maintained the motivation to conserve the range, while in others, the removal of external incentives seems to discourage continuity of management practices. Resource users put greater emphasis on short‐term economic gains that undermines the prospect to see long‐term impacts of the present action, refuting the theoretical argument that the absence of alternative livelihoods would force individuals to place emphasis on the possibility to generate income streams from a resource in the longer term. This implies that designing institutions for rangeland management contributes to its sustainable use. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refractive Index Mismatch Can Misindicate Anomalous Diffusion in Single‐Focus Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Lehmann Swen , Seiffert Sebastian , Richtering Walter 
Published: November 2014

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is often used to study diffusion in complex media, wherein the refractive index usually differs from that of the immersion medium. This paper assesses the effect of this refractive index mismatch. Confocal single‐focus and two‐focus fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (2fFCS) is used to probe the diffusion of tagged dextran tracers in water, dilute dextran solutions, acrylamide monomer solutions, polyacrylamide polymer solutions, and a cross linked polyacrylamide hydrogel. In these experiments, both the refractive index and the potential topological constraint and thermodynamic interaction to the probe‐diffusion are varied, and pairs of samples with same refractive indexes but different compositions are compared. Whereas 2fFCS shows no anomalous diffusion in any of them, single‐focus FCS indicates anomalous diffusion. In particular, the values of the stretching exponent of the fluorescence autocorrelation function, which is often interpreted to reflect the extent of anomaly of diffusion, do not vary systematically with the extent of topological or thermodynamic complexity of the different matrixes, but with their refractive index. This shows that apparent anomalous diffusion in FCS is at risk to be the result of refractive index mismatch rather than reflecting truly complex diffusion.
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The Zintl‐Klemm Concept – A Historical Survey
Authors: Nesper Reinhard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Zintl‐Klemm concept (ZKC) is a combination of a valence electron counting rule and a set of structure‐chemical considerations which works well for a continuously growing class of compounds between classical salts and classical covalent compounds on the on hand, and intermetallic phases on the other. In this historical article the lines of development of the ZKC are reviewed. They originate from Eduard Zintl in Darmstadt and were carried on and extended by Wilhelm Klemm in Münster, early on. After World War II different schools developed their own points of view on the ZKC which converged in the 1990s, backed by blossoming quantum mechanical schemes of treating complex solids. The limits of applicability of the ZKC are subject of ongoing investigations, still, and it seems that the concept has reached a state of quite general acceptance in solid state sciences.
The Stannides Nd3Pd5Sn5, Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5, and GdPdSn
Authors: Heying Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: November 2014

Abstract The stannides Nd3Pd5Sn5 and Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 were obtained by arc‐melting of the elements. Nd3Pd5Sn5 and Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 crystallize with the monoclinic Sm3Pd4.95Sn5 type structure, space group C2/m. Both structures were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: a = 1729.5(4), b = 454.51(8), c = 1428.2(3) pm, β = 99.71(2)°, wR2 = 0.0689, 2220 F2 values, 82 variables for Nd3Pd5Sn5 and a = 1712.2(2), b = 450.36(9) c = 1412.0(3) pm, β = 99.804(2)°, wR2 = 0.0526, 1834 F2 values, 83 variables for Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5. The Pd2 site of the gadolinium compound showed site occupancy of only 95.8(7) %. The palladium and tin atoms in these monoclinic stannides build up complex three‐dimensional [Pd5Sn5]δ– polyanionic networks, which leave cavities for the three crystallographically independent rare earth sites: RE1@Pd6Sn8, RE2@Pd7Sn8, and RE3@Pd6Sn9. The networks are stabilized by Pd–Sn, Pd–Pd as well as Sn–Sn bonding. The rare earth atoms bind to the networks via shorter RE–Pd contacts. The Gd3Pd4.96(1)Sn5 crystal showed an adherent second domain, which consisted of GdPdSn: TiNiSi type, Pnma, a = 725.6(3), b = 461.3(3), c = 790.6(3) pm, wR2 = 0.0973, 431 F2 values, 20 variables.
Synthesis, Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Three Series of Discrete or 1D Compounds based on Pyramidal [LnCu4] (Ln = Gd and Dy) Cluster and Formate Ligand
Authors: Li Zhong‐Yi , Zhang Jian‐Jun , Zhang Fu‐Qiang , Cao Guang‐Xiu , Zhai Bin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith formate as ligand, one discrete dragonfly‐like 3d–4f cluster showing beautiful pyramidal metal skeleton, [GdCu4(HCOO)5(μ3‐OH)4(NO3)2(H2O)7](H2O) (1Gd), was obtained by a self‐assembly reaction of Gd(NO3)3, Cu(NO3)2, and formate ligand. The two nitrates could be treated as the “wings” of the “dragonfly”, and the formate with a free oxygen atom could be regarded as the “tail”. When using perchlorate instead of nitrate, two series of 1D compounds based on the similar pyramidal [LnCu4] unit, linear {[GdCu4(HCOO)5(μ3‐[OH)4(H2O)8](ClO4)2(H2O)2}n (2Gd) and zigzag {[LnCu4Na2(HCOO)4(μ3‐OH)4(H2O)9(ClO4)5](H2O)2}n [Ln = Gd, (3Gd); Dy, (3Dy)] were synthesized by controlling the formate amount. They used μ5‐η1:η4 formate or [Na2(ClO4)4]2– unit as connectors to link the neighboring [LnCu4] units together, respectively. Magnetic analyses reveal that these four compounds all show ferromagnetic interactions, and 3Dy displays slow relaxation of the magnetization.
Structural and stability characteristics of jets in crossflow
Authors: Getsinger D. R. , Gevorkyan L. , Smith O. I. , Karagozian A. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis experimental study examines the relationship between transverse jet structural characteristics and the shear layer instabilities forming on the upstream side of the jet column. Jets composed of mixtures of helium and nitrogen were introduced perpendicularly into a low-speed wind tunnel using several alternative injectors: convergent circular nozzles mounted either flush with or elevated above the tunnel floor, and a flush-mounted circular pipe. Both non-intrusive optical diagnostics (planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and particle image velocimetry (PIV)) and intrusive probe-based (hot-wire anemometry) measurements were used to explore a range of jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios and density ratios for which previous studies have identified upstream shear layer transition from convective to absolute instability. Remarkable correspondences were identified between formation of the well-known counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) associated with the jet cross-section and conditions producing strong upstream shear layer vorticity rollup, arising typically from absolute instability in the shear layer. In contrast, asymmetries in the jet mean cross-sectional shape and/or lack of a clear CVP were observed to correspond to weaker, convectively unstable jet shear layers.
Libyan Heritage under threat: the case of Cyrene
Authors: Abdulkariem Ahmad , Bennett Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe archaeological heritage of Libya is at serious risk from uncontrolled development. The reasons for the situation are discussed, and the attendant difficulties in preventing encroachment on the archaeological zone. The case of Cyrene is not alone, but while the focus here is its particular problems, guidelines for safeguarding Libya's heritage are proposed, while acknowledging current efforts to counteract the state of play.
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2013: the seventh season of excavations in the Haua Fteah cave
Authors: Farr Lucy , Lane Ross , Abdulazeez Fadl , Bennett Paul , Holman James , Marasi Abdullah , Prendergast Amy , Al-Zweyi Mtaz , Barker Graeme 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe paper reports the preliminary results from the short season of fieldwork that the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project was able to undertake with a small Anglo-Libyan team in September 2013. The work concentrated on continuing the excavation of Trench M down the southern side of the Middle Trench and of Trench D on the southern side of the Deep Sounding below it, the eventual objective being to link these so as to provide a high quality dataset of sedimentary and cultural data from the top to the bottom of the Pleistocene occupation deposit (some 12 m). The ~1 m of sediments investigated in Trench M in the 2013 fieldwork includes carbonate crusts possibly formed in oscillating sub-humid to arid climatic pulses, perhaps likely during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4, around 60,000–70,000 years ago. One of these crusts formed the base on which a hearth-like structure had been built. In Trench D evidence for human occupation appears to decline moving up the profile, coinciding with sedimentary evidence of more frequent disruptive climatic events possibly associated with latter stages of MIS 5.
Ritratti di Leptis Magna: modelli, produzione, contesto tra la dinastia flavia e gli Antonini
Authors: Buccino Laura 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDifferent types of marble portraits are discussed: both official Imperial images as well as private portraits, with the intention of illustrating the relationship to Roman models and to highlight stylistic and technical characteristics belonging to local sculptors. The portraits belonged to honourific statues dedicated in Lepcis Magna in public prestigious areas (Old Forum, Theatre, Serapeum, Hadrianic Baths). In these public meeting places the Imperial government officials, civic authorities and the privateevergeteshad the opportunity of celebrating the central power and its representatives, from the Emperor and the members of his family to provincial functionaries; personal aspirations of Romanisation and of making a political and administrative career; one's own generosity, personal wealth, preeminent role in civic society, as well as accumulating honours, visibility and social prestige. In the case of some statues of private individuals it is uncertain whether they were intended to be honourific or funerary. The chronological span, extending from the Flavian to the end of the Antonine period, corresponds to the period of greatest social stability and economic prosperity in Tripolitania and in Lepcis Magna in particular. From the analysis carried out, certain distinctive traits of Lepcitan portraiture between the first and second century AD emerge. The influence of the Graeco-Alexandrine tradition, more or less filtered through Cyrene, which held a significant role throughout the early Imperial age, tends to weaken and, at the latest by the end of the Flavian period, to disappear altogether. Local workshops, by now well trained, and in some cases identifiable through a distinctive formal language, become strongly influenced by Rome, either directly or through Carthage, capital of the province of Africa Proconsularis. Alongside this component is the growing influence of Asia Minor, fed by the increasing importation of marble from the eastern part of the empire, which would also have a great deal of influence on architectural decoration. The presence of a masterpiece in the Asiatic style, the female portrait-statue from the Serapeum, is the most striking testimonial of this evolutionary trend.
Lamluda: from the excavation to the archaeometric analysis
Authors: Menozzi Oliva , Antonelli Sonia , Cinalli Angela , Mancini Maria Cristina , Agostini Silvano 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the last ten years the Archaeological Mission of Chieti University in Cyrenaica has investigated, through intensive field surveys and excavations, several contexts of the Cyrenaicanchora. Among the many recorded settlements, Lamluda is the most interesting because of its urban organisation, productivity and location at the intersection of the main road network. Our aim is to present the preliminary data from the mapping, survey and excavation of the site, including the results of the archaeometric analysis and the epigraphic study. Among the copious ceramic finds the Roman coarse wares and amphorae are particularly numerous, dating mainly to the Imperial, Late Roman and Byzantine periods. The pottery illustrates not only the longevity of the settlement, which lasted until the eighth or ninth century AD, but also helps to trace the evolution of agricultural wealth and trade. Through archaeometrical and archaeological research it is possible to identify the main local products and their circulation, as well as the imported or exported amphorae and hypothesise on the nature of their contents.
Small mammal assemblages from the Quaternary succession at Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, the Netherlands) and their significance for correlating the Oosterschelde fauna
Authors: Mayhew D.F. , Dieleman F.E. , Slupik A.A. , van den Hoek Ostende L.W. , Reumer J.W.F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe investigated fossil small mammals from a borehole near Moriaanshoofd (Zeeland, southwest Netherlands) in order to get better insights in the fossil mammal faunas that are found in the subsurface in the southwestern Netherlands, and to investigate the age and provenance of the mammal fauna that is being dredged from the deep tidal gullies in the nearby Oosterschelde estuary. The record in the borehole covers Gelasian (Early Pleistocene) to Holocene deposits, represented by six formations. Thirty-nine specimens of small mammals were obtained from the borehole. These fossils derived from the Early Pleistocene marine Maassluis Formation and from directly overlying deposits of a Late Pleistocene age. During Weichselian times (33–24 ka), a proto-Schelde River shaped the northern Oosterschelde area. The river reworked substantial amounts of Early and Middle Pleistocene deposits. At the base of the Schelde-derived fluvial sequence (regionally described as the Koewacht Formation), Gelasian vertebrate faunas were concentrated in the channel lag. The Late Pleistocene channel lag is almost certainly the main source for the rich Early Pleistocene vertebrate faunas with larger mammals dredged from the Oosterschelde.
Measurements on the transport of suspended particulate matter in the Vlie Inlet
Authors: Gerkema T. , Nauw J.J. , van der Hout C.M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractResults are presented from campaigns carried out in March and May 2012 across the main channel of the Vlie Inlet in the western Dutch Wadden Sea. On both occasions current velocities and concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were measured at six stations over one tidal cycle. Concentrations are found to be high only during late ebb and early flood, implying a brief but intense export and import of SPM, respectively. Transport of water and SPM occurs predominantly over the southwestern part of the channel. The tidal prism in the channel varies in the range of 5–7 × 108 m3. Gross amounts of SPM transported during ebb and flood are 6–8 × 106 kg during the first campaign, but only half that amount during the second, possibly due to a different wind direction. The limitations encountered when calculating net effects over a tidal cycle are discussed, such as the fundamental indeterminacy in the duration of the tidal period itself.