bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noncortical coding of biological motion in newborn chicks’ brain
Authors: Lorenzi Elena , Nadalin Giulia , Morandi-Raikova Anastasia , Mayer Uwe , Vallortigara Giorgio 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Biological motion, the typical movement of vertebrates, is perceptually salient for many animal species. Newly hatched domestic chicks and human newborns show a spontaneous preference for simple biological motion stimuli (point-light displays) at birth prior to any visual learning. Despite evidence of such preference at birth, neural studies performed so far have focused on a specialized neural network involving primarily cortical areas. Here, we presented newly hatched visually naïve domestic chicks to either biological or rigid motion stimuli and measured for the first time their brain activation. Immediate Early Gene (c-Fos) expression revealed selective activation in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and the nucleus taeniae of the amygdala. These results suggest that subpallial/subcortical regions play a crucial role in biological motion perception at hatching, paving the way for future studies on adult animals, including humans.
Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19 Requiring Oxygen Support: A Cross-Study Comparison From 2 Large, Open-Label Studies
Authors: Fusco Dahlene , Malenica Ivana , Günthard Huldrych F , Gupta Samir K , Kurbegov Dax , Balani Bindu , Olender Susan , Aberg Judith A , Telep Laura E , Tian Yuan , Blair Christiana , Wu George , Haubrich Richard H , Wang Chen-Yu , Chokkalingam Anand P , Osinusi Anu O , Wendtner Clemens-Martin , Gottlieb Robert L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Remdesivir, an RNA-polymerase prodrug inhibitor approved for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), shortens recovery time and improves clinical outcomes. This prespecified analysis compared remdesivir plus standard of care (SOC) with SOC alone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring oxygen support in the early stage of the pandemic.

Methods
Data for 10-day remdesivir treatment plus SOC from the extension phase of an open-label study (NCT04292899) were compared with real-world, retrospective data on SOC alone (EUPAS34303). Both studies included patients aged ≥18 years hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 up to 30 May 2020, with oxygen saturation ≤94% on room air or supplemental oxygen (all forms), and with pulmonary infiltrates. Propensity score weighting was used to balance patient demographics and clinical characteristics across treatment groups. The primary endpoint was time to all-cause mortality or end of study (day 28). Time to discharge, with a 10-day landmark to account for duration of remdesivir treatment, was a secondary endpoint.

Results
A total of 1974 patients treated with remdesivir plus SOC, and 1426 with SOC alone, were included after weighting. Remdesivir significantly reduced mortality versus SOC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval, .39–.54). This association was observed at each oxygen support level, with the lowest HR for patients on low-flow oxygen. Remdesivir significantly increased the likelihood of discharge at day 28 versus SOC in the 10-day landmark analysis (HR, 1.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.43–1.87).

Conclusions
Remdesivir plus early-2020 SOC was associated with a 54% lower mortality risk and shorter hospital stays compared with SOC alone in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 requiring oxygen support.
Clinical Trials Registration. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04292899 and EUPAS34303.
Risks of SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Infection and COVID-19–Associated Emergency Department Visits/Hospitalizations Following Updated Boosters and Prior Infection: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Chong Cheryl , Wee Liang En , Jin Xuan , Zhang Mengyang , Malek Muhammad Ismail Abdul , Ong Benjamin , Lye David , Chiew Calvin J , Tan Kelvin Bryan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Data on protection afforded by updated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines (bivalent/XBB 1.5 monovalent) against the emergent JN.1 variant remain limited.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study among all boosted Singaporeans aged ≥18 years during a COVID-19 wave predominantly driven by JN.1, from 26 November 2023 to 13 January 2024. Multivariable Cox regression was used to assess risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19–associated emergency department (ED) visits/hospitalizations, stratified by vaccination status/prior infection; with individuals last boosted ≥1 year used as the reference category. Vaccination and infection status were classified using national registries.

Results
A total of 3 086 562 boosted adult Singaporeans were included in the study population, accounting for 146 863 476 person-days of observation. During the JN.1 outbreak, 28 160 SARS-CoV-2 infections were recorded, with 2926 hospitalizations and 3747 ED visits. Compared with individuals last boosted ≥1 year earlier with ancestral monovalent vaccines, receipt of an updated XBB.1.5 booster 8–120 days earlier was associated with lower risk of JN.1 infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.59 [95% confidence interval (CI), .52–.66]), COVID-19–associated ED visits (0.50 [.34–.73]), and hospitalizations (0.58 [.37–.91]), while receipt of a bivalent booster 121–365 days earlier was associated with lower risk of JN.1 infection (0.92 [.88–.95]) and ED visits (0.80 [.70–.90]). Lower risk of COVID-19 hospitalization during the JN.1 outbreak (aHR, 0.57 [95% CI, .33–.97]) was still observed following receipt of an updated XBB.1.5 booster 8–120 days earlier, even when analysis was restricted to previously infected individuals.

Conclusions
Recent receipt of updated boosters conferred protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and ED visits/hospitalizations during a JN.1 variant wave, in both previously infected and uninfected individuals. Annual booster doses confer protection during COVID-19 endemicity.
Situational privacy: theorizing privacy as communication and media practice
Authors: Möller Johanna E 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Under dataveillance as the “new normal,” datafied societies render privacy seemingly impossible. Communication and media privacy scholars foster relational and contextual perspectives to explore how agents and infrastructures could nevertheless maintain a certain degree of self-determined control over the flow of data. Situational privacy accesses this debate from an alternative practice-based perspective. Putting emphasis on the ongoing transformation of privacy, this contribution leverages recent empirical and theoretical thoughts of practice-based privacy research as well as conceptual work on the notion of the situation in social theory. Shifting the focus onto privacy breakdown, mundane criticism, and pragmatic measures of “good enough privacy,” it anchors privacy in everyday routines and situations. Situational privacy offers a communication and media perspective on privacy as a critical concept in transformation.
Favouritism, Patronage and the ‘Family System’ in England, c.1700–1850
Authors: Begiato Joanne 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This article examines the interrelationships between familial, social, political and professional ideas about favouritism in England. It shows that there was a cross-fertilisation of discourses over the century-and-a-half between c.1700 and 1850, when favouritism was increasingly problematised in the domestic, social and professional spheres. Although several issues were identified as emanating from its practice, it was the very role of the family itself that increasingly made favouritism so deeply objectionable to those who articulated a vision of social and professional mobility and advancement based on merit rather than interpersonal relationships and family structures. Indeed, the link between the body politic and family was reformulated from the age of reform onwards as concerns about favouritism were directed inward to the privatised family and then to the pathologised individual. Overall, therefore, this article demonstrates that the institution of the family was both conceptually and practically fundamental to the meta-structure of social, professional and political life, long beyond the early modern period.
Robot Imports and Firm-Level Outcomes
Authors: Bonfiglioli Alessandra , Crinò Rosario , Fadinger Harald , Gancia Gino 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We use French data over the 1994–2013 period to study how imports of industrial robots affect firm-level outcomes. Guided by a simple model, we develop a novel empirical strategy to identify the causal effects of robot adoption. Our results suggest that, while demand shocks generate a positive correlation between robot imports and employment at the firm level, exogenous exposure to automation leads to job losses. We also find that robot exposure increases labour productivity and some evidence that it may raise the relative demand for high-skill professions.
Do Motivated Classmates Matter for Educational Success?
Authors: Bietenbeck Jan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
I provide evidence of social spillovers of personality by showing that being in class with motivated peers affects educational success. I first document that academic motivation, a key aspect of personality in the context of education, predicts own achievement, classroom behaviour, the high school grade point average and college-test taking among elementary school students. Exploiting random assignment of students to classes, I then show that exposure to motivated classmates causally affects achievement, an effect that operates over and above spillovers of classmates’ past achievement and socio-demographic composition. However, peer motivation in elementary school does not affect own motivation and long-term educational success.
Assessment of prognostic factors in pediatric adrenocortical tumors: the modified pediatric S-GRAS score in an international multicenter cohort—a work from the ENSAT-PACT working group
Authors: Riedmeier Maria , Agarwal Shipra , Antonini Sonir , Costa Tatiana E I Jaick B , Diclehan Orhan , Fassnacht Martin , Figueiredo Bonald C , Guran Tulay , Härtel Christoph , Haubitz Imme , Idkowiak Jan , Kuhlen Michaela , Noronha Lúcia , Parise Ivy Zortéa S , Redlich Antje , Puglisi Soraya , Saniye Ekinci , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Yalcin Bilgehan , Wiegering Verena 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma (pACC) is rare, and prognostic stratification remains challenging. We aimed to confirm the prognostic value of the previously published pediatric scoring system (pS-GRAS) in an international multicenter cohort.

Design
Analysis of pS-GRAS items of pACC from 6 countries in collaboration of ENSAT-PACT, GPOH-MET, and IC-PACT.

Methods
We received patient data of the pS-GRAS items including survival information from 9 centers. PS-GRAS score was calculated as a sum of tumor stage (1 = 0; 2-3 = 1; 4 = 2 points), grade (Ki67 index: 0%-9% = 0; 10%-19% = 1; ≥20% = 2 points), resection status (R0 = 0; RX/R1/R2 = 1 point), age (&lt;4 years = 0; ≥4 years = 1 point), and hormone production (androgen production = 0; glucocorticoid-/mixed-/no-hormone production = 1 point) generating 8 scores and 4 groups (1: 0-2, 2: 3-4, 3: 5, 4: 6-7). Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).

Results
We included 268 patients with median age of 4 years. The analysis of the pS-GRAS score showed a significantly favorable prognosis in patients with a lower scoring compared to higher scoring groups (5-year OS: Group 1 98%; group 2 87% [hazard ratio {HR} of death 3.6, 95% CI of HR 1.6-8.2]; group 3 43% [HR of death 2.8, 95% CI 1.9-4.4]; group 4: OS 18% [HR of death 2.1, 95% CI 1.7-2.7]). In the multivariable analysis, age (HR of death 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-7.0), resection status (HR of death 5.5, 95% CI 2.7-11.1), tumor stage (HR of death 1.9, 95% CI of HR 1.2-3.0), and Ki67 index (HR of death 1.7, 95% CI 1.2-2.4) remained strong independent outcome predictors. Especially infants &lt; 4 years showed more often low-risk constellations with a better OS for all tumor stages.

Conclusion
In an international multicenter study, we confirmed that the pS-GRAS score is strongly associated with overall survival among patients with pACC. Age, resection status, stage, and Ki67 index are important parameters for risk stratification.
Management of cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Kouranos Vasileios , Cooper Leslie T , Metra Marco , Ristic Arsen , Heidecker Bettina , Baksi John , Wicks Eleanor , Merino Jose L , Klingel Karin , Imazio Massimo , de Chillou Christian , Tschöpe Carsten , Kuchynka Petr , Petersen Steffen E , McDonagh Theresa , Lüscher Thomas , Filippatos Gerasimos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a form of inflammatory cardiomyopathy associated with significant clinical complications such as high-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, and heart failure as well as sudden cardiac death. It is therefore important to provide an expert consensus statement summarizing the role of different available diagnostic tools and emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. By integrating clinical information and the results of diagnostic tests, an accurate, validated, and timely diagnosis can be made, while alternative diagnoses can be reasonably excluded. This clinical expert consensus statement reviews the evidence on the management of different CS manifestations and provides advice to practicing clinicians in the field on the role of immunosuppression and the treatment of cardiac complications based on limited published data and the experience of international CS experts. The monitoring and risk stratification of patients with CS is also covered, while controversies and future research needs are explored.
The legal boundaries of coexistence: reframing liberty of conscience as a tool of toleration in the French Wars of Religion
Authors: Jones Elisa J 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In histories of the Wars of Religion and narratives of rights and the rise of the state, ‘freedom of conscience’ is often treated as self-evident. However, this article demonstrates its contested meaning through French Protestant and Catholic reactions to liberty of conscience as granted by the monarchy in 1563, when its particular use as the legal framework for the toleration of Calvinists can be identified. As a malleable tool of toleration, this politicized liberty of conscience protected conscience in households, but separated it from the exercise of religion, a formula for pacification repeated in the 1598 Edict of Nantes. Not only did this usage conflict with theological interpretations of conscience, but it disrupted notions of French citizenship and reinforced royal power by framing heresy as sedition. Far from freeing individual consciences, this article concludes that royal liberty of conscience constrained the actions of Catholics and Protestants while enforcing their coexistence.
A Novel Approach to Comparative RNA-Seq Does Not Support a Conserved Set of Orthologs Underlying Animal Regeneration
Authors: Sierra Noémie C , Olsman Noah , Yi Lynn , Pachter Lior , Goentoro Lea , Gold David A 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Molecular studies of animal regeneration typically focus on conserved genes and signaling pathways that underlie morphogenesis. To date, a holistic analysis of gene expression across animals has not been attempted, as it presents a suite of problems related to differences in experimental design and gene homology. By combining orthology analyses with a novel statistical method for testing gene enrichment across large data sets, we are able to test whether tissue regeneration across animals shares transcriptional regulation. We applied this method to a meta-analysis of six publicly available RNA-Seq data sets from diverse examples of animal regeneration. We recovered 160 conserved orthologous gene clusters, which are enriched in structural genes as opposed to those regulating morphogenesis. A breakdown of gene presence/absence provides limited support for the conservation of pathways typically implicated in regeneration, such as Wnt signaling and cell pluripotency pathways. Such pathways are only conserved if we permit large amounts of paralog switching through evolution. Overall, our analysis does not support the hypothesis that a shared set of ancestral genes underlie regeneration mechanisms in animals. After applying the same method to heat shock studies and getting similar results, we raise broader questions about the ability of comparative RNA-Seq to reveal conserved gene pathways across deep evolutionary relationships.
Limited Parallelism in Genetic Adaptation to Brackish Water Bodies in European Sprat and Atlantic Herring
Authors: Pettersson Mats E , Quintela María , Besnier François , Deng Qiaoling , Berg Florian , Kvamme Cecilie , Bekkevold Dorte , Mosbech Mai-Britt , Bunikis Ignas , Lille-Langøy Roger , Leonori Iole , Wallberg Andreas , Glover Kevin A , Andersson Leif 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The European sprat is a small plankton-feeding clupeid present in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea, and in the brackish Baltic Sea and Black Sea. This species is the target of a major fishery and, therefore, an accurate characterization of its genetic population structure is crucial to delineate proper stock assessments that aid ensuring the fishery's sustainability. Here, we present (i) a draft genome assembly, (ii) pooled whole genome sequencing of 19 population samples covering most of the species’ distribution range, and (iii) the design and test of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-chip resource and use this to validate the population structure inferred from pooled sequencing. These approaches revealed, using the populations sampled here, three major groups of European sprat: Oceanic, Coastal, and Brackish with limited differentiation within groups even over wide geographical stretches. Genetic structure is largely driven by six large putative inversions that differentiate Oceanic and Brackish sprats, while Coastal populations display intermediate frequencies of haplotypes at each locus. Interestingly, populations from the Baltic and the Black Seas share similar frequencies of haplotypes at these putative inversions despite their distant geographic location. The closely related clupeids European sprat and Atlantic herring both show genetic adaptation to the brackish Baltic Sea, providing an opportunity to explore the extent of genetic parallelism. This analysis revealed limited parallelism because out of 125 independent loci detected in the Atlantic herring, three showed sharp signals of selection that overlapped between the two species and contained single genes such as PRLRA, which encodes the receptor for prolactin, a freshwater-adapting hormone in euryhaline species, and THRB, a receptor for thyroid hormones, important both for metabolic regulation and the development of red cone photoreceptors.
Using Runs of Homozygosity and Machine Learning to Disentangle Sources of Inbreeding and Infer Self-Fertilization Rates
Authors: Zeitler Leo , Gilbert Kimberly J 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRuns of homozygosity (ROHs) are indicative of elevated homozygosity and inbreeding due to mating of closely related individuals. Self-fertilization can be a major source of inbreeding which elevates genome-wide homozygosity and thus should also create long ROHs. While ROHs are frequently used to understand inbreeding in the context of conservation and selective breeding, as well as for consanguinity of populations and their demographic history, it remains unclear how ROH characteristics are altered by selfing and if this confounds expected signatures of inbreeding due to demographic change. Using simulations, we study the impact of the mode of reproduction and demographic history on ROHs. We apply random forests to identify unique characteristics of ROHs, indicative of different sources of inbreeding. We pinpoint distinct features of ROHs that can be used to better characterize the type of inbreeding the population was subjected to and to predict outcrossing rates and complex demographic histories. Using additional simulations and four empirical datasets, two from highly selfing species and two from mixed-maters, we predict the selfing rate and validate our estimations. We find that self-fertilization rates are successfully identified even with complex demography. Population genetic summary statistics improve algorithm accuracy particularly in the presence of additional inbreeding, e.g. from population bottlenecks. Our findings highlight the importance of ROHs in disentangling confounding factors related to various sources of inbreeding and demonstrate situations where such sources cannot be differentiated. Additionally, our random forest models provide a novel tool to the community for inferring selfing rates using genomic data.
Joint inversion of ERT and ambient noise surface wave data with DPC-guided fuzzy c-means clustering for near-surface imaging
Authors: Shi Zhanjie , Wang Chao 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
We present a novel strategy for performing joint inversion with guided fuzzy c-means (GFCM) clustering coupling and apply it to electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ambient noise surface wave (ANSW) data. To accurately extract a priori clustering information, we use density peak clustering (DPC) rather than fuzzy c-means (FCM). The number and centres of resistivity and shear-wave velocity a priori clusters are extracted by DPC and then used to guide the joint inversion with the GFCM clustering coupling of ERT and ANSW data. Synthetic and field data are used to evaluate the flow and algorithm of DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion. The results of synthetic examples show that the models recovered by the DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion are nearly the same as the true models and are more accurate than those inverted using individual inversion and FCM-GFCM clustering joint inversion. In the field case, the depths of the stratigraphic interfaces shown in the resistivity and shear-wave velocity models inverted by DPC-GFCM clustering joint inversion are nearly consistent with those from the drilling data. In contrast, the strata recovered by the individual inversion and FCM-GFCM clustering joint inversion significantly differ from the drilling results. Both the synthetic and field examples verify the effectiveness of the DPC-GFCM clustering coupling method used for the joint inversion of ERT and ANSW data acquired from the near surface with strong heterogeneity. This novel approach can also be applied to other types of geophysical data.