bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First do no more harm …
Authors: Birnbaum David 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this article is to alert those in positions of trust and authority that there is an urgent need for improvement throughout the entire health profession credentialing process to fix defects at every stage, from employer responsibilities all the way up to licensing board responsibilities and government oversight.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper takes the form of a narrative review.

Findings
– The assumption that layers of safeguards prevent dangerously incompetent or impaired practitioners from continuing to practice in American hospitals is, unfortunately, just that – an assumption. While the vast majority of healthcare professionals uphold the standards of their professions, a recent public health vulnerabilities report reveals serious defects throughout those safeguard layers and widespread harm that results from actions of relatively few determined miscreants who manage to evade them. This not only undermines public trust, but underscores ways in which governing boards, hospital executives and directors have found themselves liable for failings of their institution's quality assurance provisions. That vulnerability report is the result of investigation into one healthcare worker whose narcotic thefts and drug tampering resulted in thousands of patients exposed, dozens infected with hepatitis C, across several states and multiple missed opportunities to constrain.

Originality/value
– Findings of the Maryland state investigation, coupled with other documents, show that long-recognized ethical and legal responsibilities are not being met effectively.
Numerical study of three-dimensional combined buoyancy and thermocapillary convection and evaluation of entropy generation
Authors: F. Oztop Hakan , Lioua Kolsi , Mohamad Naceur Borjini , Al-Salem Khaled 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The main purpose of this paper is to conduct on three-dimensional buoyancy and thermocapillary convection in an enclosure. Entropy generation is obtained from the calculated values of velocities and temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
– As numerical method, the vorticity-vector potential formalism allows, in a three-dimensional configuration, the elimination of the pressure, which is a delicate term to treat. The control volume finite difference method is used to discretize equations. The central-difference scheme for treating convective terms and the fully implicit procedure to discretize the temporal derivatives are retained. The grid is uniform in all directions with additional nodes on boundaries. The successive relaxation iterating scheme is used to solve the resulting non-linear algebraic equations.

Findings
– Results are presented via entropy generation due to heat transfer, entropy generation due to fluid friction and total entropy generation. It is found that Marangoni number becomes more effective parameter on total entropy generation for lower values of Rayleigh numbers.

Practical implications
– In any thermal system under buoyancy induced and thermocapillary flow.

Originality/value
– It is believed that this is the first paper on three-dimensional solution of entropy generation in a cubical cavity under thermocapillary buoyancy flow.
The Extended Project Qualification
Authors: William Stoten David 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the Extended Project Qualification (EPQ) is viewed by students and teachers and its value as a vehicle to promote self-directed independent learning.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed methods approach was adopted in three stages. Stages 1 and 2 structured questionnaires were issued to students and teachers were interviewed in a third and final stage. The second questionnaire relating to students’ views were analysed for statistical reliability using the χ2-test.

Findings
– The research suggests that EPQ is a possible vehicle to promote independent learning and negates some of the more negative aspects associated with classroom-based learning.

Research limitations/implications
– This research was based on research undertaken at two Sixth Form Colleges (SFCs). Although insightful and a useful description, it cannot claim to reflect the experience of EPQ at every institution in the SFC sector.

Originality/value
– The SFC sector is rarely reported on in the academic literature. This paper also reports on a relatively new and important initiative within the sector and offers a possible view of the future in the classroom.
The chronicity and severity of abuse among older persons by country: a European study
Authors: J.F. Soares Joaquim , Fraga Silvia , Viitasara Eija , Stankunas Mindaugas , Sundin Örjan , Gabriella Melchiorre Maria , Macassa Gloria , Barros Henrique 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate chronicity (frequency) in different abuse types (e.g. psychological) and overall abuse (all abuse types) by severity (minor, severe, total) in seven European cities, and scrutinize factors associated with high chronicity levels (frequency on the median and higher) in psychological and overall abuse by severity.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study design was cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 4,467 randomly selected women/men (2,559 women) aged 60-84 years from seven European cities, and data were analysed with bivariate and multivariate methods.

Findings
– Chronicity varied across country and by abuse type. For instance, Germany had the highest chronicity means in physical and sexual abuse; Greece in physical, injury, sexual and overall abuse; Lithuania in physical, injury, financial and overall abuse; Portugal in physical abuse; Spain in physical, sexual and financial abuse; and Sweden in psychological, injury, financial and overall abuse. In general, Italy had the lowest chronicity means. The main perpetrators were people close to the respondents and women (in some cases).

Research limitations/implications
– The independent relationship (regressions) between chronicity/severity of abuse, country and other variables (e.g. depression) was examined only for psychological and overall abuse. More research into this issue with other types of abuse (e.g. sexual) is warranted.

Originality/value
– The paper reports data from the ABUEL survey, which gathered population-based data on elderly abuse.
Violent state operations at Chiadzwa (Zimbabwe) diamond fields 2006-2009
Authors: Hove Mediel , Nyamunda Tinashe , Mukwambo Patience 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the debilitating socio-economic impact caused by the diamonds at Chiadzwa area in Zimbabwe on the illegal mining community that emerged and inhabited the hills of Chiadzwa between 2006 and the beginning of 2009. The research was carried out for academic proposes, as an advocacy strategy to expose the abuses and violent state operations perpetrated by the security forces. In addition, it intends to equip policy makers and implementers about the heavy handedness of Zimbabwe's security sector during its operations in the area in an effort to enable policy implementers to defend the rights of the affected people at Chiadzwa.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology engaged was chiefly qualitative and the study was a product of primary sources (especially in-depth interviews) and secondary sources (text books, journal articles, newspapers and the internet). Purposive and snowballing sampling techniques were used to collect the data between 2007 and 2009. Collected data were analysed and compiled between 2009 and 2013. Some of the names used in this study for our respondents are pseudo and this was done to ensure anonymity and secure the providers of information against possible retribution. On the other hand real names were used in particular where violent state driven operations were discussed.Findings– Initially the government of Zimbabwe was reluctant to intervene in the illegal extraction of diamonds in search of political leverage. Later it responded with violent manipulative strategies and operations with detrimental consequences on the illegal miners. The brutal strategies employed by individuals and the state led to injury, illness and death of people amid a harsh socio-economic environment.Research limitations/implications– A number of respondents preferred to use pseudonyms because they feared that information collected could be used against them.Practical implications– The study is a good example of conflict between the state machinery and its citizens over a natural resource. It reveals excessive use of force by the state which appears to be the norm in other countries where diamonds are dubbed “blood diamonds”.Social implications– In the midst of the diamond-related violence a new and vibrant social identity emerged commonly referred to asmagweja. The area experienced challenges especially with regards to the provision of health services and the traditional use of herbs was endangered by the destruction of vegetation.Originality/value– It reveals a milieu, state regulation enforcement and security agents,magombiro(armed robbers or murderers) all who discharged violence onmagwejathe foremost victims of the violent systems and practices. In addition, it encourages policy markers and implementers to devise non-violent strategies when dealing with illegal exploitation of natural resources.
Heavy work investment: its motivational make-up and outcomes
Authors: van Beek Ilona , W. Taris Toon , B. Schaufeli Wilmar , Brenninkmeijer Veerle 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The present study aims to investigate the motivational correlates of two types of heavy work investment: workaholism and work engagement. Building on Higgins's regulatory focus theory, the paper examines which work goals workaholic and engaged employees pursue and which strategies they use to achieve these goals. Furthermore, the paper examines how workaholism and work engagement relate to three different work outcomes: job satisfaction, turnover intention, and job performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data from a cross-sectional survey study among 680 Dutch employees in the banking industry were analysed using structural equation modeling.

Findings
– The analyses revealed that workaholism was primarily and positively associated with having a prevention focus, whereas work engagement was primarily and positively associated with having a promotion focus. Furthermore, workaholism was negatively related to job satisfaction and job performance, and positively related to turnover intention, whereas work engagement was positively associated with job satisfaction and job performance, and negatively associated with turnover intention. Both forms of heavy work investment almost fully mediated the associations between the regulatory foci and the three work outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
– The conclusions rely on self-report data, a relatively homogeneous sample, and a cross-sectional design. This may have biased our findings to some degree and does not allow inferring causal conclusions.

Practical implications
– The findings show that workaholic and engaged employees have different work goals and use different strategies to pursue these goals. Moreover, both forms of heavy work investment are oppositely related to work outcomes. Organizations may develop policies to reduce workaholism and to promote work engagement by influencing their employees' regulatory foci.

Originality/value
– The present study demonstrates that two types of heavy work investment can be distinguished, each with a unique motivational make-up and a unique pattern of work outcomes.
Underlying asset liquidity, heterogeneously informed investors, and REITs excess returns
Authors: Lu Chia-Wu , Chen Tsung-Kang , Liao Hsien-Hsing 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– Real estate investment trust (REIT) stocks are well known for limited management discretion in investment, financing, and payout policies, implying little information asymmetry between informed and uninformed investors. Besides, due to the renowned illiquidity and complexity of physical real estate markets, investors may be heterogeneously informed. The authors aim to investigate these arguments using REIT panel data from 1993 to 2010.Design/methodology/approach– The authors simultaneously investigate the effects of heterogeneous information (PSOS) and information asymmetry (ADJPIN) on REIT excess returns by estimating panel data regressions controlling for both firm- and time-fixed effects.Findings– The results confirm that heterogeneous information (PSOS) is significantly and positively associated with REIT excess returns while information asymmetry (ADJPIN) is insignificant when controlling for other variables well known for affecting REIT excess returns.Originality/value– The effects of information asymmetry (ADJPIN) and heterogeneous information (PSOS) on REITs excess returns are rarely simultaneously discussed in the related literature, especially from the perspectives of limited managerial discretions, regulated dividend policy, and underlying asset liquidity (physical real estate markets). The results confirm the heterogeneous information arguments. Besides, the heterogeneous information (PSOS) effects become stronger when leverage and dividend yield are higher. Finally, the above effects of PSOS and ADJPIN on REIT excess returns are also robust during the real estate market growth period (2001-2008).
A people's palace opens: the new Library of Birmingham
Authors: Freeman Mike 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this report is to provide an account of the UK's new public library of Birmingham.

Design/methodology/approach
– Details the construction, exterior and interior design, contents and location, including special collections, and describes the official opening.

Findings
– A large public library building which moves away from old conceptions of libraries, accommodating a variety of functions in a striking and accessible building.

Originality/value
– Provides a description of the new Library of Birmingham, the largest public library in Europe.
PCCs, neo-liberal hegemony and democratic policing
Authors: Turner Liz 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the recent introduction of directly elected police and crime commissioners (PCCs) in England and Wales, and to consider to what extent this new innovation should be considered as a positive contribution to the achievement of democratic policing.Design/methodology/approach– The paper draws on a range of key sources of academic literature on police accountability and the sociology of policing, as well as considering the content of government pronouncements and legislation.Findings– The central argument of the paper is that the introduction of PCCs needs to be examined within the context of the hegemony of neo-liberal logic in public services reform. It is argued that some enduring myths of policing, including the myth that the police impartially uphold an impartial law, lend themselves to the depoliticisation of policing which is necessary in order to facilitate neo-liberal colonisation of the service, which is inimical to democratic policing.Originality/value– The paper builds upon and contests some of the early critiques of the introduction of PCCs which have emerged and proposes a new direction for the development of critique in this area. It will be of interest to policing scholars as well as anyone concerned about the relationship between democracy and policing under current conditions of deep public service cuts and the colonisation of service provision by neo-liberal values.
A taxonomy of strategic sourcing for defense forces in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Mpeera Ntayi Joseph , Mugume Ephraim 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a taxonomy of strategic sourcing using the defense forces from a developing world context as a testing ground. This study builds upon the current resource-based conceptualization of strategic sourcing as a construct to introduce the institutional orientation.Design/methodology/approach– This study adopts a descriptive and analytical research design of cross-sectional nature to collect data from a sample of 120 respondents to examine the taxonomy of strategic sourcing for defense forces in sub-Saharan Africa. Data were collected using an interviewee administered questionnaire and analysed using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The conceptualization of strategic sourcing is presented using a CFA.Findings– Findings reveal that strategic sourcing is a multidimensional construct composed of: information sharing and risk management, strategic purchasing, institutions for sourcing, internal integration and performance assessment, supplier management and sourcing professionalism and ethics.Research limitations/implications– The study used cross-sectional research design which limits monitoring behaviour over time. Cross-sectional data do not allow control in the analysis for residual heterogeneity. Additionally, all item scales adapted in this study were developed in either manufacturing or profit-oriented sector.Originality/value– A taxonomy for strategic sourcing within the defense forces is presented. This study is based on the observation that despite increased research, there remains a certain level of confusion surrounding the conceptualization of “strategic sourcing”. Researchers attach a startling diversity of definitions and measures to the strategic sourcing concept. Its conceptualization and stability remains an important task for scholars to undertake. Besides, much research in strategic sourcing, are conceptual frameworks identifying key elements and procedures or processes to implement strategic sourcing with sparse empirical studies. The results of the study will be used for further research on strategic sourcing in the defense forces in sub-Saharan Africa.
Comparing the anterior nare bacterial community of two discrete human populations using Illumina amplicon sequencing
Authors: Camarinha‐Silva Amélia , Jáuregui Ruy , Chaves‐Moreno Diego , Oxley Andrew P.A. , Schaumburg Frieder , Becker Karsten , Wos‐Oxley Melissa L. , Pieper Dietmar H. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe anterior nares are an important reservoir for opportunistic pathogens and commensal microorganisms. A barcoded Illumina paired‐end sequencing method targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA V1‐2 hypervariable region was developed to compare the bacterial diversity of the anterior nares across distinct human populations (volunteers from Germany vs a Babongo Pygmy tribe, Africa). Of the 251 phylotypes detected, 231 could be classified to the genus level and 109 to the species level, including the unambiguous identification of the ubiquitous Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis. The global bacterial community of both adult populations revealed that they shared 85% of the phylotypes, suggesting that our global bacterial communities have likely been with us for thousands of years. Of the 34 phylotypes unique to the non‐westernized population, most were related to members within the suborder Micrococcineae. There was an even more overwelming distinction between children and adults of the same population, suggesting a progression of a childhood community of high‐diversity comprising species of Moraxellaceae and Streptococcaceae to an adult community of lower diversity comprising species of Propionibacteriaceae, Clostridiales Incertae Sedis XI, Corynebacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae. Thus, age was a stronger factor for accounting for differing bacterial assemblages than the origin of the human population sampled.
Overview of: “Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcome Results from a Multisite Evaluation of the G.R.E.A.T. Program”
Authors: Esbensen Finn‐Aage , Osgood D. Wayne , Peterson Dana , Taylor Terrance J. , Carson Dena C. 
Published: December 2013

Research SummaryThis article presents results from a randomized control trial of the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program; 3,820 students enrolled in 195 classrooms in 31 schools in seven cities were surveyed six times over 5 years (pretests and posttests in Year 1 and four annual follow‐up surveys). The results indicate that during the 4 years posttreatment, students who received the program had lower odds of gang membership compared with the control group. The treatment group also reported more prosocial attitudes on several program‐specific outcomes. In addition to examining the effectiveness for the full sample, we also report analyses that examine program effects by (a) site and (b) initial levels of risk for gang membership.Policy ImplicationsEffective youth violence‐prevention programs continue to be few in number; effective youth gang‐prevention programs are even rarer. Various rating systems exist (e.g., University of Colorado's Blueprint Model, Helping America's Youth, OJJDP Model Program Guide, and NIJ's Crime Solutions), but even application of the least rigorous standards fails to identify many promising or effective programs. Based on results reported in this article, the Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program holds promise as a universal gang‐prevention program.
Appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms in the era of laparoscopic appendicectomy
Authors: Davenport Emily , Courtney Edward D. , Benson‐Cooper Sarah , Bissett Ian P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncidental appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms are identified in 1% of surgical resections for suspected appendicitis. A proportion of these patients will require further surgery because of high risk features, which include mesoappendiceal involvement or an involved margin. While an open appendicectomy technique usually involves en bloc mesoappendiceal resection, the increasingly common laparoscopic method often skeletonizes the appendix, leaving the mesoappendix in situ. This retrospective observational study investigates whether routine resection of the mesoappendix rather than skeletonization would reduce the need for further surgery in patients with an incidental finding of appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasm.MethodsWe included appendicectomies performed over an 11‐year period at Auckland City Hospital and identified all cases of incidental appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasms. Histological data were collected to assess the risk of lymphatic spread and need for further surgery. Mesoappendix resection versus preservation and its effect on the recommendation for further surgery was recorded.ResultsAn appendiceal neuroendocrine neoplasm was present in 73 (1%) of 7109 appendicectomy specimens. Of these, 10 patients (14%) required right hemicolectomy. Five of these could potentially have been spared the need for further surgery had the mesoappendix been removed en bloc with the appendix.DiscussionWe recommend en bloc mesoappendix resection during appendicectomy in order to better stage the neoplasm and reduce the need for unnecessary further surgery.