bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designing Tunable Bio-nanostructured Materials via Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Lipids and Functionalized Nanotubes
Authors: Dutt Meenakshi , Kuksenok Olga , Balazs Anna C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTVia the Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) approach, we study the self-assembly of hybrid structures comprising lipids and end-functionalized nanotubes. Individual lipids are composed of a hydrophilic head group and two hydrophobic tails. Each bare nanotube encompasses an ABA architecture, with a hydrophobic shaft (B) and two hydrophilic ends (A). To allow for regulated transport through the nanotube, we also introduce hydrophilic hairs at one end of the tube. The amphiphilic lipids are composed of a hydrophilic head group (A) and two hydrophobic tails (B). We select the dimensions of the nanotube architecture to minimize its hydrophobic mismatch with the lipid bilayer. We find the amphiphilic lipids and functionalized nanotubes to self-assemble into a stable hybrid vesicle or a bicelle in the presence of a hydrophilic solvent. We demonstrate that the morphology of the self-assembled functionalized nanotube-lipid hybrid structures is controlled by the rigidity of the lipid molecules and concentration of the nanotubes.
Polybenzene multitori
Authors: Szefler Beata , Diudea Mircea 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Polybenzene unit BT_48 can dimerize either by identification of 8-membered rings to provide a diamond-like fcc net or by identifying the opening 12-membered rings to form intercalated dendrimer-dimers which can further grow and rather quickly superimpose over the diamond-like network. The third hypothetical moiety we consider here is an eclipsed isomer, that can form multitori as negatively curved structures of various complexity. Multitori can evolve spherically or show a linear periodicity, as in rods. The polybenzene (“armchair”) multitori BTA are compared to the (“zig-zag”) BTZ ones, proposed earlier by us. A graph-theoretical study related the structure of multitori to the genus of their embedding surface and established the lower and upper bound values of genus. The total energy per carbon atom, HOMO-LUMO gap and strain energy of BTA and BTZ multitori have been computed and the results obtained point to BTZ multitori to be at least as stable as C60 what suggests BTZ multitori can be eventually synthesized in laboratory.
Substituted homoallenyl aldehydes and their derivatives. Part 2: Azines
Authors: Galeta Juraj , Man Stanislav , Valoušková Aneta , Potáček Milan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the preparation of a variously substituted non-symmetrical azine set. The starting molecule for their preparation was a protected hydrazone. The protection was performed applying Zwierzak’s method. This procedure is based on the transfer of hydrazine to diethylhydrazidophosphate, which reacts with aldehydes to produce protected hydrazones. In the second step of the procedure, under the action of sodium hydride, the addition of another aldehyde affords non-symmetrical azines in the reaction with the protected hydrazine. The procedure was shown to be a useful and effective method. In this, the second part of our study, we present results devoted to the preparation and full identification of non-symmetrical azines.
Applicability of photochemically generated pendant benzoyl peroxides in both “grafting from” and “grafting to” techniques
Authors: Mosnáček Jaroslav , Lukáč Ivan , Bertoldo Monica , Ciardelli Francesco 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMethyl methacrylate and styrene copolymers containing pendant benzil groups, such as 1-[4-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,2-ethanedione-co-methyl metacrylate (BzMA/MMA), 1-[4-(2-methacroyloxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-1,2-ethanedione-co-styrene (BzMA/S), and 1-phenyl-2-(4-propenoylphenyl)-1,2-ethanedione-co-styrene (PCOCO/S), were prepared and used as precursors for photochemically generated pendant benzoyl peroxides. Decomposition of the pendant benzoyl peroxides was subsequently used in grafting processes. Either irradiation or a combination of irradiation with subsequent thermal treatment was adopted for grafting a thin layer of BzMA/MMA copolymer onto the surface of LDPE films. The grafting resulted in a significant decrease in contact angle of the film surface. The same activation strategy was successfully adopted to initiate the polymerisation of acrylic or methacrylic acids from the surface of styrene copolymer films containing the initiator precursor in the polymer side chains (BzMA/S and PCOCO/S). The successful surface grafting was proved by contact angles measurement as well as by infrared spectroscopic analysis.
The Magical Legalism of Marcel Aymé : Charming Rogues and the Suspension of Physical, Natural, and Positive Law
Authors: Miller Jeffrey 
Published: September 2012

Some of Marcel Aymé’s most delightful work concerns charming rogues, protagonists who lack the heroism of moral outlaws such as Robin Hood or the golem of Jewish literature but act outside the rule of law in a way that is psychologically if not always morally coherent. On other “law and literature” occasions, Aymé employs what is sometimes called fantasy, but has the sardonic bite of magical realism — what this analysis considers “magical legalism”, where individuals circumvent physical, natural, and positive law in attempts to achieve pure self-expression or egocentric notions of justice.
Muslim Children of Divorce Families: Exploring Their Perceptions and Experiences
Authors: Orcullo Daisy Jane C. 
Published: September 2012

This study aimed to describe and explore the experiences and perceptions of children of divorce families. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to provide depth understanding on 1.) Children experiences on parental divorce, 2.) The impact and effects of divorce, 3.) Their perceptions on marriage and divorce, 4.) Whether Islamic practices have helped them cope with the experience. In-depth interview with semi-structured questionnaire were tools in the study. The interviews were analyzed using inductive analysis. Data were transcribed and analyzed to identify themes generated from the interview. From the analysis effects of divorce were identified as internalizing effects, externalizing effects, and mediating effects. As the exploration and understanding of each frame go deeper and become more personal, various concepts emerge. The internalizing effects employ the direct approach of lived experiences, which were categorized into inciting negative reactions and continuing impact of divorce. The second frame on externalizing effects uses the indirect approach that results in providing risks and eliciting some positive effects. The last frame on mediating effects combined the direct and indirect approaches and revealed the coping and healing strategies and perceptions on family and divorce. The Islamic perspective on coping was a comfort to some of the participants. Keywords - divorce, marriage, perceptions, experiences, islam, muslim
High School Teenagers’ Linguistic Styles Used in Their Communication
Authors: Arong Cecilia D. 
Published: September 2012

Most teenagers nowadays value styles in speaking because they hero worship actors and actresses. Their languages were adopted from cellphones, internets, televisions, radios and face-to-face conversations with other influential teenagers using linguistics styles. This study determines the linguistic styles used by high school teenagers in their on-campus and off-campus oral and written communication in morphological transformation and in code switching utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods using simple stratified random sampling. Oral linguistic styles for morphological transformation in oncampus are phonological substitution and off-campus: orthographic reversal; for code switching in on- and off-campus was intrasentential; other linguistic styles were gay lingo and repeated words. Written linguistic styles for morphological transformation in on-campus and off-campus were: letters and numbers representing words; for code switching on-campus was intersentential while off-campus was letter and autograph activity. Other linguistic styles were gay lingo and repeated words in on-campus while letter and autograph activity for off-campus. Linguistic styles in on-campus and off-campus oral and written communication in morphological transformation and code switching do not differ significantly. Teachers should be aware of teenagers’ linguistic styles to avoid cheating during examination or to avoid cruelty to teachers they do not like. Similar research should be undertaken. Keywords - Linguistic styles, morphological transformation, code switching, phonological transformation, orthographic reversal, intrasentential, intersentential, eccentric spelling
Preferences for arthritis interventions: Identifying similarities and differences among African Americans and whites with osteoarthritis
Authors: Mingo Chivon A. , McIlvane Jessica M. , Jefferson Malcolm , Edwards Lloyd J. , Haley William E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there are differences or similarities in arthritis intervention preferences and barriers to participation between African Americans and whites with osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsUsing a needs assessment survey, intervention preferences and barriers to participation in arthritis interventions among African American (n = 60) and white (n = 55) adults with self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed OA were examined. T‐tests, chi‐square tests, and multiple regression analyses adjusting for covariates were examined to determine race effects.ResultsWhile there were many similarities, African Americans were more likely to report cost (P < 0.01), lack of trust (P = 0.04), fear of being the only person of their race (P < 0.001), lack of recommendation from their doctor (P = 0.04), and lack of recommendation of a family member or friend (P = 0.02) as barriers to participating in a community‐based self‐management arthritis intervention. After adjusting for covariates, African Americans preferred interventions that provide information on arthritis‐related internet sources (P = 0.04), solving arthritis‐related problems (P = 0.04), and talking to family and friends about their condition (P = 0.02) in comparison to whites. African Americans also preferred an intervention with child care services provided (P < 0.01), with instructors and participants of the same race (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) or sex (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively), that allows a friend (P = 0.001) or family member (P = 0.02) to attend, that is offered at a local church (P = 0.01) or clinic (P < 0.01), or that is mailed (P < 0.01).ConclusionFindings suggest that similar interventions are preferred across racial groups, but some practical adaptations could be made to existing arthritis interventions to minimize barriers, increase cultural sensitivity, and offer programs that would be appealing to African Americans and whites with arthritis.
Wollastonite Foams From an Extruded Preceramic Polymer Mixed with CaCO3 Microparticles Assisted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Bernardo Enrico , Parcianello Giulio , Colombo Paolo , Matthews Siobhan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWollastonite (CaSiO3) bioceramics have recently received great attention as hard tissue repairing material. In this paper we discuss a novel processing for open cell foams based on the mixing of a silicone resin with CaCO3 micron‐sized fillers, by means of conventional polymer extrusion assisted by supercritical carbon dioxide. The novel mixing was so effective that the wollastonite yield was comparable to that achieved employing much more reactive nanosized fillers, and led to silicone/CaCO3 extruded parts, embedding CO2. These parts can be easily converted into highly porous foams (porosity of about 80%) by a secondary low temperature treatment, before final ceramization at 900 °C. Depending on the conditions of secondary treatment, it was possible to obtain foams with similar density but different pore architecture, and consequently different strength, ranging from 0.45 to 6 MPa.
Determination of reduced folates in tumor and adjacent mucosa of colorectal cancer patients using LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Odin Elisabeth , Wettergren Yvonne , Carlsson Göran , Gustavsson Bengt 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method has been developed for the determination of 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate (methyleneTHF), tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (methylTHF) in colorectal mucosa and tumor tissues. The folate extraction method includes homogenization, heat and folate conjugase treatment to hydrolyze polyglutamyl folate to monoglutamyl folate. Before analysis on LC‐MS/MS, simple and fast sample purification with ultrafiltration (molecular weight cut‐off membrane, 10 kDa) was performed. Folates were detected and quantified using positive electrospray. The method described in the present paper was successfully applied to determine the level of three folate monoglutamates in mucosa and tumor samples from 77 colorectal cancer patients, starting from a limited amount of tissue. The results showed that the LC‐MS/MS method has a great advantage over other previously used methods because of its high sensitivity and selectivity. Significantly higher levels of methyleneTHF and THF were found in tumor compared with matched mucosa tissues. Folate levels in adjacent mucosa were associated with tumor location, age and gender. The correlation between folate levels and tumor site further strengthens the fact that development of right‐ and left‐sided tumors follows different pathways. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anatomy of female puberty: The clinical relevance of developmental changes in the reproductive system
Authors: Colvin Caroline Wingo , Abdullatif Hussein 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPuberty is the period of biologic transition from childhood to adulthood. The changes that occur at this time are related to the increasing concentrations of sex steroid hormones. In females, most pubertal changes are caused by estrogen stimulation that results from the onset of central puberty. Significant development occurs in the organs of the female reproductive system and results in anatomic changes that characterize reproductive maturity. Adrenal and ovarian androgens also increase during puberty, affecting change that includes the promotion of certain secondary sex characteristics. The ability to recognize normal pubertal anatomy and distinguish between estrogen and androgen effects is important in the ability to diagnose and treat disorders of sex development, precocious puberty, pubertal delay, and menstrual irregularities in children and adolescents. An understanding of this developmental process can also help clinicians identify and treat reproductive pathology in adultsand across all female life stages. Clin. Anat. 26:115–129, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modifying Transition Matrix to Evaluate Soil Quality: A Case Study in Karst Region in the West‐Southern China
Authors: Shi Hui , Shao Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe soil aggregate stability is a key property of soil quality and reflects soil quality and anti‐erosion ability. The transition matrix between initial and final aggregates condition was established by modifying Niewczas and Witkowska‐Walczak's method by not considering the artificial weights and each size of aggregates fraction on the basis of three reasonable assumptions, and soil aggregate stability index (ASI) was formed through preserving each size of aggregates probability. This ASI is identical to the result by reference, and the transition matrix can be showed to evaluate the soil aggregates stability. Using the transition matrix was furthermore to analyze anti‐breaking ability of different size aggregate by reference material. We found there were different effects for each size aggregate by four methods, simulation rainfall, one cycle of wetting–drying, ten cycles of wetting–drying, and Yoder wetting–sieving. The Yoder wetting–sieving is a severe method that destructed soil aggregates. The ASI by modifying transition matrix method was used to evaluate the aggregates stability under different land utilization in Karst region in Chongqing, China. The ASI of agricultural utilization was lower than abounded cultivated land, shrub‐grass land, secondary forest land, and primeval forest land. For some selected soil properties, when SOM content was <60 g/kg, ASI increased along with the SOM increase. Once the SOM content was >60 g/kg, the ASI was almost unchanged. The sorption moisture content of air‐drying acutely affected ASI too, and the ASI increased along the sorption moisture increasing. SOM content and sorption markedly affected the preserving probability of larger aggregates such as 10–5, 5–3, 3–2, 2–1, and 1–0.5 mm size class. Although CaCO3 and clay content did not influence preserving probability of each size class of aggregates fiercely, but the influence on small aggregates was higher than that of larger aggregates. The modified transition matrix method could not only calculate soil aggregates stability index, but also analyze more parameters of aggregate experiment, and bring out the each size aggregates characteristics. Thus, the modified transition matrix method could be a better tool to understand soil quality.
Quantification of Diclofenac in Hospital Effluent and Identification of Metabolites and Degradation Products
Authors: Minetto Luciane , Mayer Francieli M. , Mallmann Carlos A. , Martins Ayrton F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study the occurrence of diclofenac and sub‐products in effluent emerging from the University Hospital at the Federal University of Santa Maria was investigated. One metabolite was identified and, in aqueous solution, three degradation products. The quantification was conducted by means of HPLC‐DAD, and the determination of metabolite and degradation products by LC–ESI–MS/MS–QTrap. For the HPLC‐DAD method, a 70:30 mixture of methanol/sodium phosphate was used in isocratic mode. For the LC–ESI–MS/MS–QTrap determinations, a mobile phase, where phase A was an ammonium acetate solution 5 × 10−3 mol L−1, and phase B was methanol (5 × 10−3 mol L−1)/ammonium acetate (9:1, v/v), on gradient mode. The LDs for the HPLC and LC–MS/MS methods, respectively, were 2.5 and 0.02 µg L−1, the LQs, 8.3 and 0.05 µg L−1, and the linear range from 10 up to 2000 µg L−1 and 0.05 up to 10 µg L−1. As expected, the LC–ESI–MS/MS–QTrap method was more sensitive and less laborious. The metabolite 4′‐hydroxy‐diclofenac was identified. Photolysis was used for the degradation studies and three products of diclofenac were identified (m/z of 214, 286 and 303) in aqueous solution. These results notwithstanding, no degradation products of diclofenac were found in the hospital effluent.
Biodegradation of Herbicide Propanil and Its Subproduct 3,4‐Dichloroaniline in Water
Authors: Roehrs Rafael , Roehrs Miguel , Machado Sérgio L. de O. , Zanella Renato 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe rational use of pesticides generates an impact which is normally reversed and eliminated by the environment itself. However, the indiscriminate use of pesticides makes its natural degradation rhythm difficult, prolonging their presence in the soil for a great deal of time. Aiming towards a decrease in the environmental impact of pesticides, soil microorganisms capable of degrading pesticides, such as propanil, were investigated. An Enterobacter cloacae strain, isolated from rice field soil, was exposed to the herbicide propanil alone and in a mixture containing also bentazone, clomazone, quinclorac, and 2,4‐D. This bacterium was able to eliminate 100% of the applied propanil in 28 days. Propanil degradation in the 5‐herbicide mixture was much lower than that of individual pesticide degradation. The aeration of the system helped to degrade propanil and its subproduct 3,4‐dichloroaniline much faster. LC with UV detection was used to determine the remaining concentrations of the herbicides and their subproducts.
Interval‐Based Diagnosis of Biological Systems – a Powerful Tool for Highly Uncertain Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Authors: Alcaraz‐González Víctor , López‐Bañuelos Rubén Horacio , Steyer Jean‐Philippe , Méndez‐Acosta Hugo Oscar , González‐Álvarez Víctor , Pelayo‐Ortiz Carlos 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) is a highly nonlinear time‐varying process commonly used for biological wastewater treatment, which is subject to large disturbances of both influent concentrations, and flow rates that may lead the process to a breakdown. In order to compensate the effect of these disturbances, the dynamics of the main state variables – including biomass – must be closely monitored and used to improve the process performance. However, AD processes still suffer from a lack of reliable and cheap sensors of key process variables to insure the right process operation. This has led to the development of estimation schemes, which infer the information of such key variables from the available measurements. Nevertheless, reliable measurements are not always possible to get because these readings may be corrupted by noise or erroneous due to sensor failures and as a consequence, they may lead to deteriorated control efforts and the eventual crash of the AD process. In this article, we propose an integrated system for the detection, isolation, and analysis of faults in AD processes by using interval observers (IO). The proposed approach was experimentally implemented on a 1‐m3 pilot scale anaerobic digester. Based on the comparison between the measured outputs and their corresponding estimates, results show that this approach was able to detect sensor failures as well as faults in the basic hypotheses made during the design step.
Pontine Mechanisms of Respiratory Control
Authors: Dutschmann Mathias , Dick Thomas E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPontine respiratory nuclei provide synaptic input to medullary rhythmogenic circuits to shape and adapt the breathing pattern. An understanding of this statement depends on appreciating breathing as a behavior, rather than a stereotypic rhythm. In this review, we focus on the pontine‐mediated inspiratory off‐switch (IOS) associated with postinspiratory glottal constriction. Further, IOS is examined in the context of pontine regulation of glottal resistance in response to multimodal sensory inputs and higher commands, which in turn rules timing, duration, and patterning of respiratory airflow. In addition, network plasticity in respiratory control emerges during the development of the pons. Synaptic plasticity is required for dynamic and efficient modulation of the expiratory breathing pattern to cope with rapid changes from eupneic to adaptive breathing linked to exploratory (foraging and sniffing) and expulsive (vocalizing, coughing, sneezing, and retching) behaviors, as well as conveyance of basic emotions. The speed and complexity of changes in the breathing pattern of behaving animals implies that “learning to breathe” is necessary to adjust to changing internal and external states to maintain homeostasis and survival. © 2012 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol2:2443‐2469, 2012.