bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pastoralism in the high tropical Andes: A review of the effect of grazing intensity on plant diversity and ecosystem services
Authors: Duchicela Sisimac Alli , Llambí Luis Daniel , Bonnesoeur Vivien , Román‐Dañobeytia Francisco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsPastoralism is a land‐use system that involves the care and use of grazing livestock and has been more common in areas of low resource availability. In this review, we analyze the impact of pastoralism on biodiversity and ecosystem services across the tropical Andes. This region is the most extensive and populated tropical mountain region in the world and presents a high diversity of biomes, livestock types and management histories. Given that pastoralism is a main land use here, understanding its impacts is important for providing appropriate recommendations for sustainable management.LocationTropical Andes; Venezuela to the north of Argentina and Chile.MethodsTo understand these impacts, we performed a systematic literature search (August 2021) and obtained 103 articles. We created a conceptual framework to map how available research has contributed to our understanding of the main pastoral systems, their associated management strategies and the impact of different grazing intensities on vegetation cover/diversity and ecosystem services.ResultsWe found that research has focused on two leading pastoral systems in the region: bovines in the páramo biome of the northern Andes and camelids in the puna biome of the central Andes. We found important environmental impacts at high grazing intensities for both the puna camelid and páramo bovine pastoral systems, including a decrease in soil organic carbon and an increase in soil compaction, a decrease in above‐ground biomass, plant species richness, and graminoid cover, as well as clear changes in the growth‐form composition of vegetation.ConclusionsGiven these findings, we recommend coordinated research efforts using common methodologies, documenting current and previous land use, including stocking rates, and combining observational and experimental approaches to develop a more integrated understanding of pastoralism's impacts across this diverse and vulnerable region.
Listening quality leads to greater working alliance and well‐being: Testing a social identity model of working alliance
Authors: Lee Georgina C. , Platow Michael J. , Cruwys Tegan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesCharacterization of psychotherapy as the “talking cure” de‐emphasizes the importance of an active listener on the curative effect of talking. We test whether the working alliance and its benefits emerge from expression of voice, per se, or whether active listening is needed. We examine the role of listening in a social identity model of working alliance.MethodsUniversity student participants in a laboratory experiment spoke about stress management to another person (a confederate student) who either did or did not engage in active listening. Participants reported their perceptions of alliance, key social‐psychological variables, and well‐being.ResultsActive listening led to significantly higher ratings of alliance, procedural justice, social identification, and identity leadership, compared to no active listening. Active listening also led to greater positive affect and satisfaction. Ultimately, an explanatory path model was supported in which active listening predicted working alliance through social identification, identity leadership, and procedural justice.ConclusionsListening quality enhances alliance and well‐being in a manner consistent with a social identity model of working alliance, and is a strategy for facilitating alliance in therapy.
The clinical and predictive value of 18F‐FDG PET/CT metabolic patterns in a clinical Chinese cohort with autoimmune encephalitis
Authors: Dai Yuwei , Zhu Zehua , Tang Yongxiang , Xiao Ling , Liu Xianghe , Zhang Min , Xiao Bo , Hu Kai , Long Lili , Xie Yuanyuan , Hu Shuo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsTo investigate the diagnostic and predictive role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in patients with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as a whole group.MethodsThrty‐five patients (20 females and 15 males) with AE were recruited. A voxel‐to‐voxel semi‐quantitative analysis based on SPM12 was used to analyze 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging data compared to healthy controls. Further comparison was made in different prognostic groups categorized by modified Rankin Scale (mRS).ResultsIn total, 24 patients (68.6%) were tested positive neuronal antibodies in serum and/or CSF. Psychiatric symptoms and seizure attacks were major clinical symptoms. In the acute stage, 13 patients (37.1%) demonstrated abnormal brain MRI results, while 33 (94.3%) presented abnormal metabolism patterns. 18F‐FDG PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI (p < 0.05). Patients with AE mainly presented mixed metabolism patterns compared to the matched controls, demonstrating hypermetabolism mainly in the cerebellum, BG, MTL, brainstem, insula, middle frontal gyrus, and relatively hypometabolism in the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, temporal gyrus, right parietal gyrus, left cingulate gyrus (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). After a median follow‐up of 26 months, the multivariable analysis identified a decreased level of consciousness as an independent risk factor associated with poor outcome of AE (HR = 3.591, p = 0.016). Meanwhile, decreased metabolism of right superior frontal gyrus along with increased metabolism of the middle and upper brainstem was more evident in patients with poor outcome (p < 0.001, uncorrected).Conclusion18F‐FDG PET/CT was more sensitive than MRI to detect neuroimaging abnormalities of AE. A mixed metabolic pattern, characterized by large areas of cortical hypometabolism with focal hypermetabolism was a general metabolic pattern. Decreased metabolism of right superior frontal gyrus with increased metabolism of the middle and upper brainstem may predict poor long‐term prognosis of AE.
Prognostic Value of the 18F‐FDG PET/CT and Haematological Parameters in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Wakisaka Risa , Kumai Takumi , Komatsuda Hiroki , Yamaki Hidekiyo , Kono Michihisa , Sato Ryosuke , Ohara Kenzo , Kishibe Kan , Hayashi Tatsuya , Okizaki Atsutaka , Takahara Miki 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionFluorine 18‐fluoro‐glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) is commonly used for the staging of head and neck cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between 18F‐FDG PET/CT, haematological parameters and prognosis in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.MethodsThis was a single‐institutional retrospective study of 83 patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging before initial treatment between 2014 and 2018. 18F‐FDG PET/CT after treatment was performed in 57 patients. The prognostic parameters of the pre‐ and post‐treatment maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of primary tumours and haematological parameters were analysed to evaluate the association between overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsPre‐MTV, pre‐TLG and post‐SUVmax were significantly associated with poor OS and PFS (p < 0.05). Haematological parameters, including pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and C‐reactive protein/albumin ratio, were associated with 18F‐FDG PET/CT parameters. In multivariate analysis, post‐SUVmax was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS.ConclusionA correlation between PET/CT metabolic and haematological parameters was observed. The volume and intensity of 18F‐FDG uptake region, in addition to haematological parameters, are feasible markers for predicting the progression of HNSCC in daily practice. Further, post‐SUVmax could be an independent parameter for predicting poor survival.
The place for people in rewilding
Authors: Glentworth Joseph , Gilchrist Anna , Avery Rowan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRewilding, although controversial, is increasingly presented as humanity's best hope of addressing the global biodiversity crisis, but it remains unclear how restoring nonhuman autonomy affects people's relationships with nature. We conceptualized 3 human–nature relationships (HNRs) that could occur when restoring nonhuman autonomy: human–nature dichotomy, human–nature compromise, and human–nature mutualism. Through 51 interviews, we then empirically tested the occurrence of these HNRs across diverse actors living and working in 2 longstanding British rewilding initiatives to better understand the place for people in rewilding. Actors’ HNRs aligned with the 3 conceptual framings, but these relationships were complex. Individuals often demonstrated multiple perspectives that transcended conventional actor categorization. The tripartite framing also revealed conflicting values across and within individuals, resulting in pluralistic HNRs. Our work adds to the theory and practice surrounding the place for people in rewilding by cautioning against a single preferred HNR when restoring nonhuman autonomy and advocating that a diversity of human interactions with nature should be integrated into the global rewilding movement.
The impact of primary‐care led, faecal immunochemical test‐based, triage of new‐onset colorectal symptoms on time to diagnosis of colorectal cancer—An observational study
Authors: Atwal Gurpreet K. , Digby Jayne , Nobes Jennifer , Strachan Judith , Mowat Craig 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimSince December 2015, a faecal immunochemical test (FIT) has been provided to primary care in NHS Tayside as an adjunct to clinical acumen in the assessment of new‐onset bowel symptoms. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of this approach on time to diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodNHS Tayside Cancer audit data from January 2013 to December 2019 were reviewed to identify all CRC patients diagnosed via the primary‐care referral pathway for a period before and after the introduction of FIT. Their electronic patient records were accessed and date of referral and any contemporaneous FIT and full blood count (FBC) result were recorded. Time from referral to diagnosis of CRC was calculated for each patient and compared between subgroups.ResultsThe study cohort consisted of 959 patients: 378 and 581 from the time periods before and after the introduction of FIT, respectively. The median time to diagnosis before FIT was 30 days [interquartile range (IQR) 16–57 days] versus 25 days (IQR 14–47 days) following the introduction of FIT (p = 0.006). Following the introduction of FIT, patients who completed a FIT had a median of time to diagnosis of 23 days (IQR 14–43 days) compared with 30 days (IQR 16–62 days) for patients not completing a FIT (p = 0.019). FBC results were available for 97.5% of FIT patients to aid safety‐netting of patients with a low or undetectable faecal haemoglobin concentration.ConclusionThe introduction of FIT‐based triage of new bowel symptoms in primary care as an adjunct to clinical acumen is associated with a reduced time to CRC diagnosis.
Feasibility, reliability and satisfaction of (automated) capillary carcinoembryonic antigen measurements for future home‐based blood sampling: the prospective CASA‐I study
Authors: Voigt Kelly R. , Wullaert Lissa , Gobardhan P. D. , Doornebosch P. G. , Verhoef Cornelis , Husson Olga , Ramakers Christian , Grünhagen Dirk J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimFollow‐up for colorectal cancer (CRC) necessitates regular monitoring of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) at the hospital. Capillary home‐based blood collection, including minimally invasive techniques such as lancet sampling or an automated upper arm device (TAP‐II), has the potential to replace a significant portion of hospital‐based blood sampling, thereby enhancing self‐reliance and quality of life. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility, reliability and preference for CEA blood collection.MethodsBaseline venous and capillary (by lancet and TAP‐II) blood samples were collected from 102 participants, including 20 CRC patients with elevated CEA levels, 60 CRC patients undergoing postoperative outpatient monitoring and 20 healthy volunteers. The second group performed capillary blood collections at home on two consecutive follow‐up appointments and subsequently sent them to the hospital. Satisfaction was assessed via patient reported outcome measures on pain, burden, ease of use and preference.ResultsThe Pearson's correlation test of all usable samples resulted in a linear coefficient of 0.998 (95% CI 0.997–0.998) for the TAP‐II method and 0.997 (95% CI 0.996–0.998) for the lancet method, both compared to venipuncture. Following the initial blood collection, 86% of the participants (n = 102) favoured the TAP‐II, rating it as the least painful and burdensome option. After two home‐based blood samples, the preference for the TAP‐II method persisted, with 64% of the patients endorsing its use.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the feasibility of home‐based capillary sampling of CEA. The TAP‐II blood collection is the most reliable method and is preferred by patients over venipuncture and lancet sampling.
The last stand: Demographic and population genomic analysis reveals terminal endangerment in tropical timber species Vatica guangxiensis
Authors: Luo Wenji , Tang Qian , Chattopadhyay Balaji , Garg Kritika M. , Rheindt Frank E. , Wee Alison K. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTropical and subtropical trees provide key ecosystem services but are facing global population decline due to logging, habitat degradation, land conversion, and climate change. Vatica guangxiensis used to be a characteristic timber species of China's tropical forests but is now terminally endangered (280 individuals) and fragmented into three relictual populations in southwest China. Generating genome‐wide DNA for ∼82% of all living tree individuals of this species complex, we found evidence for a late Pliocene division into two species‐level lineages that have not had gene flow for approximately 3 million years. All three relictual populations exhibited a loss of genetic diversity and recent bottlenecks. In addition, forward simulations indicated a likely population collapse in all three populations within the next century. Our study generates a model framework for the integration of genomic evidence—including evolutionary history, current genetic variation, and future projections—into conservation planning.
Biodiversity monitoring in Europe: User and policy needs
Authors: Moersberger Hannah , Valdez Jose , Martin Juliette G. C. , Junker Jessica , Georgieva Ivelina , Bauer Silke , Beja Pedro , Breeze Tom D. , Fernandez Miguel , Fernández Néstor , Brotons Lluís , Jandt Ute , Bruelheide Helge , Kissling W. Daniel , Langer Christian , Liquete Camino , Lumbierres Maria , Solheim Anne Lyche , Maes Joachim , Morán‐Ordóñez Alejandra , Moreira Francisco , Pe'er Guy , Santana Joana , Shamoun‐Baranes Judy , Smets Bruno , Capinha César , McCallum Ian , Pereira Henrique M. , Bonn Aletta 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo achieve the goals of the 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework, the European Biodiversity Strategy, and the EU Green Deal, biodiversity monitoring is critical. Monitoring efforts in Europe, however, suffer from gaps and biases in taxonomy, spatial coverage, and temporal resolution, resulting in fragmented and disconnected data. To assess user and policy needs in biodiversity monitoring, we employed a four‐step user‐centered stakeholder engagement process with over 300 stakeholders including a public stakeholder workshop, online survey, interviews, and a meeting with experts from 18 EU member states, the European Commission, and the European Environment Agency. The stakeholders identified policy needs, current challenges, and potential solutions. Based on the policy and stakeholder assessment, we recommend establishing a European Biodiversity Observation Coordinating Centre to optimize existing observation efforts, harmonize data, and enhance our ability to predict and respond to key challenges related to biodiversity loss in Europe.
A phase I randomized study to evaluate safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of SIR2446M, a selective RIPK1 inhibitor, in healthy participants
Authors: Sun Ana Liza Andresan , Gillies John David , Shen Yang , Deng Huajun , Xue Fenchao , Ma Yongfen , Song Linan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractActivation of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a broadly expressed serine/threonine protein kinase, by pro‐inflammatory cytokines and pathogens can result in apoptosis, necroptosis, or inflammation. RIPK1 inhibition has been shown to reduce inflammation and cell damage in preclinical studies and may have therapeutic potential for degenerative and inflammatory diseases. SIR2446 is a potent and selective novel small molecule RIPK1 kinase inhibitor. This phase I, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in Australia (ACTRN12621001621808) evaluated the safety (primary objective), pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single (3–600 mg) and multiple (5–400 mg for 10 days) ascending oral doses of SIR2446M (SIR2446 magnesium salt form) in healthy adults from Nov 24, 2021, until May 01, 2023. All treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild/moderate. The most reported TEAEs were vascular access site pain, headache, and rash morbilliform. SIR2446M plasma half‐lives ranged from 11 to 19 h and there were no major deviations from dose proportionality for maximum concentration and area under the curve across doses. Renal excretion of unchanged SIR2446 was minimal. No marked accumulation was observed (mean accumulation ratio, 1.2–1.6) after multiple daily doses. A high‐fat meal mildly reduced the exposure but was not considered clinically significant. SIR2446M had a rapid and sustained inhibitory effect on the activity of RIPK1, with an overall 90% target engagement at repeated doses ranging from 30 to 400 mg in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ex vivo stimulated to undergo necroptosis. The favorable safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profile of SIR2446M in healthy participants supports its further clinical development in patients with degenerative and inflammatory diseases.
Age‐related off‐label drug prescribing in pediatric patients in South Korea and consistency of labeling compared to the United States, Europe, and Japan
Authors: Park Bojung , Lee Hyesung , Choi Hyeyoung , Lee Jaehyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInsufficient labeling information regarding the appropriate age for prescribing drugs to the pediatric population is challenging. This study aimed to analyze the off‐label prescription of age‐related drugs for pediatric patients using claims data from South Korea and to assess the consistency of the approved age in South Korea, the United States, Europe, and Japan. In 2020, 1004 unique drugs were prescribed to the pediatric population in South Korea. We found that 641 drugs (63.8%, p < 0.0001) were related to off‐label prescriptions for age‐related use at least once, and the total number of off‐label prescriptions was 2,236,669 (62.2%, p < 0.0001). Chlorpheniramine (28%) was the most frequently prescribed drug for pediatric patients with an age‐related off‐label, followed by budesonide (9%) and epinephrine (9%). The degree of agreement in the approved age range for 641 off‐label drugs across countries was assessed using the overall kappa coefficient. We observed slight agreement in labeling across all countries (κ: 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14–0.18). The highest degree of agreement was observed between the United States and Europe (0.41, 0.37–0.45) due to pediatric‐population‐specific legislation. South Korea showed the lowest degree of agreement with the United States and Europe (0.10, 0.06–0.14). The United States, Europe, and Japan showed fair agreement (0.23, 0.21–0.26). However, the degree of agreement between South Korea, the United States, and Japan (0.09, 0.06–0.11) and South Korea, Europe, and Japan (0.08, 0.05–0.10) was low. This study highlights the need for South Korean regulatory agencies to consider introducing pediatric legislation to prescribe evidence‐based drugs for safe and effective use.
Variational autoencoders for generative modeling of drug dosing determinants in renal, hepatic, metabolic, and cardiac disease states
Authors: Titar Raginee R. , Ramanathan Murali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhysiological determinants of drug dosing (PDODD) are a promising approach for precision dosing. This study investigates the alterations of PDODD in diseases and evaluates a variational autoencoder (VAE) artificial intelligence model for PDODD. The PDODD panel contained 20 biomarkers, and 13 renal, hepatic, diabetes, and cardiac disease status variables. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements (body weight, body surface area, waist circumference), blood (plasma volume, albumin), renal (creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio), and hepatic (R‐value, hepatic steatosis index, drug‐induced liver injury index), blood cell (systemic inflammation index, red cell, lymphocyte, neutrophils, and platelet counts) biomarkers, and medical questionnaire responses from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. The tabular VAE (TVAE) generative model was implemented with the Synthetic Data Vault Python library. The joint distributions of the generated data vs. test data were compared using graphical univariate, bivariate, and multidimensional projection methods and distribution proximity measures. The PDODD biomarkers related to disease progression were altered as expected in renal, hepatic, diabetes, and cardiac diseases. The continuous PDODD panel variables generated by the TVAE satisfactorily approximated the distribution in the test data. The TVAE‐generated distributions of some discrete variables deviated from the test data distribution. The age distribution of TVAE‐generated continuous variables was similar to the test data. The TVAE algorithm demonstrated potential as an AI model for continuous PDODD and could be useful for generating virtual populations for clinical trial simulations.