bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexation‐Induced Supramolecular Assembly Drives Metal‐Ion Extraction
Authors: Ellis Ross J. , Meridiano Yannick , Muller Julie , Berthon Laurence , Guilbaud Philippe , Zorz Nicole , Antonio Mark R. , Demars Thomas , Zemb Thomas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCombining experiment with theory reveals the role of self‐assembly and complexation in metal‐ion transfer through the water–oil interface. The coordinating metal salt Eu(NO3)3 was extracted from water into oil by a lipophilic neutral amphiphile. Molecular dynamics simulations were coupled to experimental spectroscopic and X‐ray scattering techniques to investigate how local coordination interactions between the metal ion and ligands in the organic phase combine with long‐range interactions to produce spontaneous changes in the solvent microstructure. Extraction of the Eu3+–3(NO3−) ion pairs involves incorporation of the “hard” metal complex into the core of “soft” aggregates. This seeds the formation of reverse micelles that draw the water and “free” amphiphile into nanoscale hydrophilic domains. The reverse micelles interact through attractive van der Waals interactions and coalesce into rod‐shaped polynuclear EuIII‐containing aggregates with metal centers bridged by nitrate. These preorganized hydrophilic domains, containing high densities of O‐donor ligands and anions, provide improved EuIII solvation environments that help drive interfacial transfer, as is reflected by the increasing EuIII partitioning ratios (oil/aqueous) despite the organic phase approaching saturation. For the first time, this multiscale approach links metal‐ion coordination with nanoscale structure to reveal the free‐energy balance that drives the phase transfer of neutral metal salts.
New Synthesis of α′‐Hydroxydienones
Authors: Tata Rama Rao , Hampton Carissa S. , Altenhofer Erich F. , Topinka Michael , Ying Weijiang , Gao Xuefeng , Harmata Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHerein, attempted oxidation of selected allenols with PCC affording α′‐hydroxydienones rather than simple oxidation products is described. The formation of the products observed is rationalized via a series of sigmatropic shifts, followed by hydrolysis.
Choosing and using diversity indices: insights for ecological applications from the German Biodiversity Exploratories
Authors: Morris E. Kathryn , Caruso Tancredi , Buscot François , Fischer Markus , Hancock Christine , Maier Tanja S. , Meiners Torsten , Müller Caroline , Obermaier Elisabeth , Prati Daniel , Socher Stephanie A. , Sonnemann Ilja , Wäschke Nicole , Wubet Tesfaye , Wurst Susanne , Rillig Matthias C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBiodiversity, a multidimensional property of natural systems, is difficult to quantify partly because of the multitude of indices proposed for this purpose. Indices aim to describe general properties of communities that allow us to compare different regions, taxa, and trophic levels. Therefore, they are of fundamental importance for environmental monitoring and conservation, although there is no consensus about which indices are more appropriate and informative. We tested several common diversity indices in a range of simple to complex statistical analyses in order to determine whether some were better suited for certain analyses than others. We used data collected around the focal plant Plantago lanceolata on 60 temperate grassland plots embedded in an agricultural landscape to explore relationships between the common diversity indices of species richness (S), Shannon's diversity (H'), Simpson's diversity (D1), Simpson's dominance (D2), Simpson's evenness (E), and Berger–Parker dominance (BP). We calculated each of these indices for herbaceous plants, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, aboveground arthropods, belowground insect larvae, and P. lanceolata molecular and chemical diversity. Including these trait‐based measures of diversity allowed us to test whether or not they behaved similarly to the better studied species diversity. We used path analysis to determine whether compound indices detected more relationships between diversities of different organisms and traits than more basic indices. In the path models, more paths were significant when using H', even though all models except that with E were equally reliable. This demonstrates that while common diversity indices may appear interchangeable in simple analyses, when considering complex interactions, the choice of index can profoundly alter the interpretation of results. Data mining in order to identify the index producing the most significant results should be avoided, but simultaneously considering analyses using multiple indices can provide greater insight into the interactions in a system.
Ontogeny of the Major Xenobiotic‐Metabolizing Enzymes Expression and the Dietary Lipids Modulatory Effect in the Rat Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene‐Induced Breast Cancer Model
Authors: Manzanares Miguel Ángel , Solanas Montserrat , Moral Raquel , Escrich Raquel , Vela Elena , Escrich Eduard 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBreast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. Environmental factors such as xenobiotic exposure and lifestyle and nutrition play a key role in its etiology. This study was designed to evaluate the age‐related changes in the expression of major xenobiotic‐metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) in the rat liver and the mammary gland in the dimethylbenz(a)anthracene‐induced breast cancer model. The influence of dietary lipids on the ontogeny of XMEs was also evaluated. mRNA and protein levels of phase I (CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP1B1) and phase II (NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 and GSTP1) enzymes were analyzed, as well as their regulation by AhR and Nrf2, respectively. Results showed differences in the phase I enzymes expression, whereas little changes were obtained in phase II. High corn oil and olive oil diets differentially influenced the expression of age‐related changes, suggesting that the different susceptibility to xenobiotic exposure depending upon the age may be modulated by dietary factors.
HN1 Negatively Influences the β‐Catenin/E‐Cadherin Interaction, and Contributes to Migration in Prostate Cells
Authors: Varisli Lokman , Ozturk Bilge E. , Akyuz Gencer K. , Korkmaz Kemal S. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPreviously, it has been reported that HN1 is involved in cytoplasmic retention and degradation of androgen receptor in an AKT dependent manner. As HN1 is a hormone inducible gene, and has been shown that it is upregulated in various cancers, we studied the importance of HN1 function in β‐catenin signaling in prostate cancer cell line, PC‐3 and mammary cancer cell line MDA‐MB231. Here, we demonstrated that HN1 physically associates with GSK3β/β‐catenin destruction complex and abundantly localizes to cytoplasm, especially when the GSK3β is phosphorylated on S9 residue. Further, ectopic HN1 expression results an increase in the β‐catenin degradation leading to loss of E‐cadherin interaction, concurrently contributing to actin re‐organization, colony formation and migration in cancer cell lines. Thus, we report that HN1 is an essential factor for β‐catenin turnover and signaling, augments cell growth and migration in prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 170–178, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design of autostereoscopic two‐view 3D that uses the spherical concave surface and the parallax barrier
Authors: Hong Hyungki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAutostereoscopic display where circular concave display was used was investigated in case of the parallax barrier and two‐view 3D. Equation of the barrier pitch of the parallax barrier was derived that depended on the radius of the curved display. Trajectories of the rays coming from the curved display through the parallax barrier were calculated. Calculated distribution of ray trajectories for the autostereoscopic display using curved display showed trends similar to those for the flat display.
Quality measurement in breast cancer
Authors: Edge Stephen B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVariation in the quality of breast care affects outcomes. Objective measurement tools are central to this effort. Most quality measures are process measures. Application of these improves quality. Many national organizations are promoting them for purposes ranging from feedback to providers to public reporting and directing payment. Surgeons should evaluate their own practices and should be involved in local, regional and national efforts to assess and improve breast care. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:509–517. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improvement in Power Conversion Efficiency and Performance of P3HT/PCBM Solar Cells Using Dithiafulvalene‐Based π‐Conjugated Oligomers
Authors: Yang Po‐Chih , Wen Hua‐Wen , Huang Cheng‐Chieh , Yang Zheng‐Huie , Liao Hung‐Lun 
Published: August 2014

The improvement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and performance of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) solar cells are reported by using dithiafulvalene (DTF)‐based conjugated oligomers ((poly[2‐(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)‐4,5‐bis(hexylthio)‐1,3‐dithiole‐ran‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PTBT) and poly[2,7‐(9,9‐dihexyl­fluorene)‐ran‐(2‐(9H‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene)‐4,5‐bis(hexylthio)‐1,3dithiole]‐ran‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFTBT)) that contain a DTF unit, which serves as an electron‐rich donor, and a benzothiadiazole group, which serves as an electron‐deficient acceptor in the main chain. A P3HT/PCBM device with 5 wt% PTBT exhibits an efficiency of up to 1.78%, which is higher than that of a device composed only of a P3HT/PCBM blend (1.01%). Introducing 2 wt% PTBT into the P3HT/PCBM blend substantially increases the charge‐carrier mobility from 2.01 × 10−4 to 4.59 × 10−4 cm2 V−1s−1. The improvement of the PCE is attributed to improved charge transport in the device and an increased open‐circuit voltage, suggesting that blending PTBT increases the intermolecular interaction of the molecules. In addition, doping the oligomer in ambient atmospheric conditions enhances the stability of these devices.
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Discovery of a Katablepharis sp. in the Columbia River estuary that is abundant during the spring and bears a unique large ribosomal subunit sequence element
Authors: Kahn Peter , Herfort Lydie , Peterson Tawnya D. , Zuber Peter 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHeterotrophic protists play significant roles in pelagic food webs as bacterivorous and herbivorous consumers. However, heterotrophic protists—unlike autotrophic ones—are often difficult to track since they tend to lack features such as photosynthetic pigments that allow for remote sensing or for bulk characterization. Difficulty in the identification of heterotrophic protists has often resulted in lumping them into broad groups, but there is a strong need to develop methods that increase the spatial and temporal resolution of observations applied to particular organisms in order to discover the drivers of population structure and ecological function. In surveys of small subunit rRNA, gene (SSU) sequences of microbial eukaryotes from the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean, the heterotrophic flagellate Katablepharis sp. were found to dominate protist assemblages (including autotrophic and heterotrophic fractions) in the spring, prior to the freshet. We discovered a 332 base pair unique sequence element (USE) insertion in the large subunit rRNA gene (28S) that is not present in other katablepharids or in any other eukaryote. Using this USE, we were able to detect Katablepharis within mixed assemblages in river, estuarine, and oceanic samples and determine spatial and temporal patterns in absolute abundance through quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Given their high abundance and repeatable temporal patterns of occurrence, we hypothesize that the Columbia River Estuary Katablepharis (Katablepharis CRE) plays an important role in estuarine biogeochemical and ecosystem function.
Peripheral nerve stimulation‐optimal gradient waveform design
Authors: Schulte Rolf F. , Noeske Ralph 
Published: August 2014

PurposeModern magnetic resonance imaging scanners with high‐performance gradient systems have high maximum gradient strength (Gmax) and slew rate (Smax). Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is often a more limiting factor for gradient waveform design than Gmax and Smax. Traditionally, the slew rate is derated globally to adhere to PNS limitations.MethodsIn this work, the PNS limitation is already included in the gradient waveform design in the form of a time‐varying slew rate, hence shortening the overall gradient duration.ResultsSpiral and echo‐planar imaging trajectories were designed with a multitude of parameters, and it was demonstrated that trajectory durations from conventional to PNS‐optimal design can be shortened by 8 and 3%, respectively.ConclusionIncluding PNS‐limits in the gradient waveform design can shorten the duration of gradient trajectories, thereby reducing associated artifacts. Magn Reson Med 74:518–522, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oscillating gradient diffusion MRI reveals unique microstructural information in normal and hypoxia‐ischemia injured mouse brains
Authors: Wu Dan , Martin Lee J. , Northington Frances J. , Zhang Jiangyang 
Published: August 2014

PurposeWe investigated whether oscillating gradient diffusion MRI (dMRI) can provide information on brain microstructural changes after formaldehyde fixation and after hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) injury beyond that provided by conventional dMRI.MethodsPulsed gradient spin echo (PGSE) and oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE) dMRI of the adult mouse brain was performed in vivo (50–200 Hz, b = 600 mm2/s), and a similar protocol was applied to neonatal mouse brains at 24 h after unilateral hypoxia‐ischemia. Animals were perfusion fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for ex vivo dMRI and histology.ResultsApparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) measured in the live adult mouse brain presented tissue‐dependent frequency‐dependence. In vivo OGSE‐ADC maps at high oscillating frequencies (>100 Hz) showed clear contrast between the molecular layer and granule cell layer in the adult mouse cerebellum. Formaldehyde fixation significantly altered the temporal diffusion spectra in several brain regions. In neonatal mouse brains with HI injury, in vivo ADC measurements from edema regions showed diminished edema contrasts at 200 Hz compared with the PGSE results. Histology showed severe tissue swelling and necrosis in the edema regions.ConclusionThe results demonstrate the unique ability of OGSE‐dMRI in delineating tissue microstructures at different spatial scales. Magn Reson Med 72:1366–1374, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of tandem organic solar cells comprising subcells of identical absorber material
Authors: Timmreck R. , Leo K. , Riede M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecently organic tandem solar cells with record efficiency had been shown comprising identical absorber materials in both subcells. Such structures pose new challenges for characterization. The standard test methods for measuring spectral response of tandem solar cells can not be applied. The standard procedures demand for different bias illumination during measuring spectral response allowing to select the subcell being current limiting. With subcells comprising identical absorber materials, thus having identical absorption spectra, such a selection is not trivial. In this paper, we show that with the help of detailed optical simulations of such tandem organic solar cells, their characterization is possible, and we apply the proposed method to a sample structure. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of chemical functionalization on the mechanical properties of polypropylene hollow fiber membranes
Authors: Alexander Joseph V. , Neely James W. , Grulke Eric A. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTChemical treatment of polymeric hollow fiber membranes (HFMs) is used to prepare their exterior surfaces for coatings. Typical treatments can cleave both CC and CH bonds of polypropylene, leading to lower mechanical strength of the fibers. This study evaluated the yield strength, maximum strain, ultimate tensile strength, and burst strength of HFMs treated with each of three common oxidizing reagents: ozone as a gas phase system, aqueous solutions of potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate for liquid phase systems. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of HFMs decreased continuously with increasing ozonation time. Batch treatments with aqueous oxidizing systems showed limiting values of the yield and ultimate tensile strengths with time. Swelling the hollow fibers with methanol prior to oxidation caused less reduction of the mechanical properties after persulfate treatment. Fibers pretreated with methanol showed lower losses of mechanical properties strength with aqueous oxidation systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1366–1373
Implication of two different regeneration systems in limb regeneration
Authors: Makanae Aki , Mitogawa Kazumasa , Satoh Akira 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLimb regeneration is a representative phenomenon of organ regeneration in urodele amphibians, such as an axolotl. An amputated limb starts regenerating from a remaining stump (proximal) to lost finger tips (distal). In the present case, proximal−distal (PD) reorganization takes place in a regenerating tissue, called a blastema. It has been a mystery how an induced blastema recognizes its position and restores an exact replica of missing parts. Recently, a new experimental system called the accessory limb model (ALM) has been established. The gained ALM phenotypes are demanding to reconsider the reorganization PD positional values. Based on the ALM phenotype, it is reasonable to hypothesize that reorganization of positional values has a certain discontinuity and that two different regeneration systems cooperatively reorganize the PD axis to restore an original structure. In this review, PD axis reestablishments are focused on limb regeneration. Knowledge from ALM studies in axolotls and Xenopus is providing a novel concept of PD axis reorganization in limb regeneration.
Reversible data hiding exploiting high‐correlation regulation for high‐quality images
Authors: Wang Xing‐Tian , Li Ming‐Chu , Wang Szu‐Ting , Chang Chin‐Chen 
Published: August 2014

AbstractReversible data hiding enables the cover image to be restored from the stego image without any loss after the secret message is extracted. In this paper, we proposed a novel reversible data‐hiding scheme for high image quality based on the histogram‐shifting method. In our scheme, we proposed two mechanisms for choosing reference pixels according to the high correlation of adjacent pixels. The differences between reference pixels and their corresponding, neighboring, non‐reference pixels are exploited to hide secret messages according to the difference shifting mechanism. To achieve larger embedding capacity, the reference pixels are designed to further carry secret messages based on the interpolation prediction method. Experimental results showed that our proposed scheme achieved higher embedding payload while maintaining better visual quality of the images than did other schemes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cylindrical vortex wake model: right cylinder
Authors: Branlard E. , Gaunaa M. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe vortex system consisting of a bound vortex disk, a root vortex and a vortex cylinder as introduced by Joukowski in 1912 is further studied in this paper. This system can be used for simple modeling of rotors (e.g. wind turbines) with infinite number of blades and finite tip‐speed ratios. For each vortex element, the velocity components in all directions and in the entire domain are computed analytically in a novel approach. In particular, the velocity field from the vortex actuator disk is derived for the first time. The induction from the entire vortex system is studied and is seen to recall results from 1D momentum theory. It is shown that a superposition of concentric cylindrical systems predicts the independence of annuli, which is assumed in blade element theory and stream‐tube analyses. A simple example of application for the estimation of the velocity deficit upstream of a wind turbine is provided. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preventable and Potentially Preventable Deaths in Severely Injured Elderly Patients: A Single‐Center Retrospective Data Analysis of a German Trauma Center
Authors: Schoeneberg Carsten , Schilling Marc , Probst Thomas , Lendemans Sven 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundDue to widespread demographic changes, populations in industrial countries are ageing. A common tool for quality improvement of trauma care is the analysis of deaths in trauma patients. This study focuses on preventable or potentially preventable deaths, and on patterns of errors in severely injured elderly patients, a group that is under‐represented in the literature.MethodsData from a level 1 trauma center in Germany were analyzed for this study. A retrospective chart analysis was performed for all deceased patients older than 75 years with an Injury Severity Score greater than 15. Additionally, the data from the Trauma Registry of the German Society for Trauma Surgery were used. According to a Trauma Division Morbidity and Mortality conference, and after a review of all authors, deaths were classified as preventable, potentially preventable, and non‐preventable.ResultsOf the 2,304 patients admitted to the trauma room, 108 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 62 (57.41 %) patients died. Two deaths were declared as preventable deaths (3.23 %) and eight as potentially preventable (12.90 %). The most common preclinical error was associated with airway management. Hemorrhage control was the leading error in the clinical setting. Excessive fluid volume resuscitation was the second most common error detected.ConclusionThe rate of preventable or potentially preventable deaths in severely injured elderly patients is similar to that reported for other age groups. Thus, most errors were human judgment errors or human treatment errors; therefore, education and training in the treatment of severely injured patients is extremely important.