bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reinforced Concrete‐Gap‐Element against earthquake – experimental and numerical study
Authors: Fehling Ekkehard , Aldoghaim Eyad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA large proportion of damage as well as loss of health and life in earthquake case occurs due to failures on masonry structures. Unreinforced masonry, as common in many countries, naturally has limited resistance to earthquakes because tensile stresses and forces cannot be absorbed as in reinforced concrete and steel structures. For this reason, attempts have been made using various methods to improve bearing capacities of masonry in the case of earthquake. One of these attempts is the use of a reinforced concrete beam with corner notches (Concrete‐Gap‐Element). In practice, the Gap‐Element can be easily connected with use of normal mortar on the concrete slab. The ease of manufacture and application of the Concrete‐Gap‐Element in masonry walls provide a cheap and simple method for improving the seismic capacity of a masonry building in practice.In this article it will be shown how masonry walls with arranged notched reinforced concrete beams behave as a typical bearing wall in a masonry building. A special pseudo‐dynamic algorithm was developed in order to simulate the boundary conditions of the masonry wall in a building and during an earthquake closely to reality.Bewehrte Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalken zur Verbesserung des Erdbebenwiderstandes von Mauerwerk – Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen. Mauerwerk ist in Mitteleuropa weit verbreitet und hat sich als Bauweise in vielerlei Hinsicht bewährt. Sprödes Versagen sollte jedoch besonders im Erdbebenfall vermieden werden, da dann zum einen der Erdbebenwiderstand wegen der geringen Zugtragfähigkeit begrenzt ist und zum anderen die Gefahr besteht, dass die vorhandenen Vertikallasten während bzw. nach einem Erdbeben nicht abgetragen werden können. Bei unbewehrtem Mauerwerk muss daher das Ziel sein, durch nachgiebiges Bauteilverhalten die auftretenden Horizontallasten zu reduzieren und zu begrenzen. Aus diesem Grund wurde bereits mit unterschiedlichen Methoden versucht, den Widerstand von Mauerwerk im Erdbebenfall zu verbessern. Einer dieser Versuche ist die Verwendung eines Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalkens mit Eckaussparungen. In der Praxis kann der Lagerbalken leicht unter Verwendung von Normalmörtel auf Beton‐Deckenplatten aufgesetzt werden. Die einfache Herstellung und Anwendung des Lagerbalkens bei Mauerwerkswänden bietet eine wirtschaftliche und einfache Methode zur Verbesserung der seismischen Kapazität von Mauerwerksgebäuden in der Praxis.In diesem Artikel wird gezeigt, wie sich eine Mauerwerkswand mit Stahlbeton‐Lagerbalken als eine typische tragende Wand in einem Mauerwerks‐Gebäude verhält. Um das Verhalten von solchen Gebäuden mit Mauerwerkswänden und Lagerbalken im Erdbebenfall experimentell mit möglichst geringem Aufwand zu untersuchen, wurde die Pseudo‐Dynamische Versuchstechnik verwendet und dafür ein besonderer Algorithmus entwickelt, der eine realitätsnahe Simulation des Erdbebenfalls erlaubt.
Perspektiven für das “Rote Hamburg“ – zwischen Erhalt, Sanierung und Neubau
Authors: Gerbitz Jan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBacksteinfassaden prägen wesentlich Hamburgs Gesicht. Mit Backstein entstanden wertvolle ortstypische Stadtbilder, die für die Identität der Gesamtstadt wichtig sind. Fritz Schumacher und Gustav Oelsner mit ihren historischen Backsteinbauten sind wichtige Protagonisten einer modernen Stadtgestalt. Ihre Arbeiten stehen unverändert für eine weit über Hamburg hinaus bekannte Architektur. Mit den gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Energieeinsparung und den Klimaschutz wachsen die Befürchtungen vor einem radikalen Wandel des “Roten Hamburgs“. Bereits in den vergangenen Jahren sind ganze Straßenzüge mit Wärmedämmverbundsystemen modernisiert worden und haben so jeglichen Bezug zur Historie und ihren architektonischen Anspruch verloren. Auf verschiedenen Ebenen engagieren sich Behörden, Verbände und Einzelpersonen, um die besonderen Charakteristika der “Backsteinstadt Hamburg“ für die Zukunft zu erhalten.Prospects for the “Red Hamburg“ between preservation, retrofitting and new build. Red brick buildings form the typical Hamburg town picture. Unique and valuable cityscapes were made with red bricks and are necessary for the identity of the whole city. Fritz Schumacher and Gustav Oelsner and their historic buildings are protagonists of a modern urban structure and are representatives of several others of well‐known architects. With the rising aims to reduce energy consumption and to fulfill the international CO2‐reduction targets, the fear of a radical change of the “Red Hamburg” is growing. Several streets of houses are already covered by thermal insulation without any reference to the historical roots and with little architectural ambitions. On different levels, authority, associations and individuals are getting involved to find a way to save the “Red Brick City Hamburg” for the future.
Rapid and slow responders to eating disorder treatment: A comparison on clinically relevant variables
Authors: McFarlane Traci L. , MacDonald Danielle E. , Royal Sarah , Olmsted Marion P. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveSpeed of response to eating disorder treatment is a reliable predictor of relapse, with rapid response predicting improved outcomes. This study investigated whether rapid, slow, and nonresponders could be differentiated on clinically relevant variables, and possibly identified prior to treatment.MethodFemale patients (N = 181) were classified as rapid, slow, or nonresponders based on the speed and magnitude with which they interrupted their bingeing and/or vomiting symptoms, and were compared on eating disorder behaviors and psychopathology and general psychopathology.ResultsThe rapid response group was marginally older and had a slightly shorter course of treatment than the slow response group. The rapid response group also had significantly fewer pretreatment binge episodes, and a longer course of treatment than the nonresponse group. However, the three response groups were not significantly different on any other examined variables.DiscussionThe only pretreatment variable that differentiated response groups was symptom frequency, in that rapid responders had fewer binge episodes than nonresponders. No pre‐existing variables differentiated rapid and slow response. Given that few individual pre‐existing differences that might account for speed of response were identified, the clinical importance of facilitating a rapid response to treatment for all patients is discussed. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:563–566)
Population genetic patterns among social groups of the endangered Central American spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) in a human‐dominated landscape
Authors: Hagell Suzanne , Whipple Amy V. , Chambers Carol L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSpider monkeys (Genus:Ateles) are a widespread Neotropical primate with a highly plastic socioecological strategy. However, the Central American species,Ateles geoffroyi, was recently re‐listed as endangered due to the accelerated loss of forest across the subcontinent. There is inconsistent evidence that spider monkey populations could persist when actively protected, but their long‐term viability in unprotected, human‐dominated landscapes is not known. We analyzed noninvasive genetic samples from 185 individuals in 14 putative social groups on the Rivas Isthmus in southwestern Nicaragua. We found evidence of weak but significant genetic structure in the mitochondrial control region and in eight nuclear microsatellite loci plus negative spatial autocorrelation in Fst and kinship. The overall pattern suggests strong localized mating and at least historical female‐biased dispersal, as is expected for this species. Heterozygosity was significantly lower than expected under random mating and lower than that found in other spider monkey populations, possibly reflecting a recent decline in genetic diversity and a threat from inbreeding. We conclude that despite a long history of human disturbance on this landscape, spider monkeys were until recently successful at maintaining gene flow. We consider the recent decline to be further indication of accelerated anthropogenic disturbance, but also of an opportunity to conserve native biodiversity. Spider monkeys are one of many wildlife species in Central America that is threatened by land cover change, and an apt example of how landscape‐scale conservation planning could be used to ensure long‐term persistence.
Cage Metal Complexes: Synthesis, X‐ray Structure, and Spectral and Redox Behavior of the First Hybrid Iron(II) Clathrochelatoscorpionate and Its Pyrazoloxime‐Armed Macrocyclic Intermediate3
Authors: Varzatskii Oleg A. , Kats (Menkach) Svitlana V. , Penkova Larysa V. , Volkov Sergey V. , Dolganov Alexander V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Bubnov Yurii N. , Voloshin Yan Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Yan Voloshin at Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The image shows the X‐ray structure of the first hybrid clathrochelatoscorpionate with an encapsulated iron(II) ion.
Toxic effects of triacylglycerol polymer on macrophages in vitro
Authors: Cao Wenming , Wang Xiang , Zhang Weiyun , Wang Xingguo 
Published: April 2013

Edible vegetable oil usually produces high concentration triglyceride polymer (TGP) after highly oxidative deterioration, and the toxic effects of TGP in animals are still under debate, with no definitive evidence supporting the toxicity of TGP in animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of TGP on murine immunocytes. Cultured macrophages were treated with different concentrations of TGP, and then the quantity of live cells, phagocytic activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined. Additionally, apoptosis was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was also determined by flow cytometry. The results showed that the viability and phagocytic activity of macrophages were significantly inhibited by TGP, and elevated LDH release was observed in TGP‐treated macrophages. TGP also significantly increased the intracellular ROS level and thus resulted in apoptosis of macrophages. These results suggest that TGP has obvious toxicity against immune function.Practical applications: Triacylglycerols in edible vegetable oil may form polar oxidized TGP by oxidization during the processes of storage, cooking and refining, especially high‐temperature frying. The present study has demonstrated that TGP may cause significant toxicity in macrophages and therefore it can be employed as a quality control index for consumer cooking oil.
Recent warming at Summit, Greenland: Global context and implications
Authors: McGrath Daniel , Colgan William , Bayou Nicolas , Muto Atsuhiro , Steffen Konrad 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObservations at Summit, Greenland suggest that the annual mean near‐surface air temperature increased at 0.09 ± 0.01°C/a over the 1982–2011 climatology period. This rate of warming, six times the global average, places Summit in the 99th percentile of all globally observed warming trends over this period. The rate of warming at Summit is increasing over time. During the instrumental period (1987–2011), warming has been greatest in the winter season, although the implications of summer warming are more acute. The annual maximum elevation of the equilibrium line and dry snow line has risen at 44 and 35 m/a over the past 15 and 18 years, respectively. Extrapolation of this observed trend now suggests, with 95% confidence intervals, that the dry snow facies of the Greenland Ice Sheet will inevitably transition to percolation facies. There is a 50% probability of this transition occurring by 2025.
The Interaction of Maternal Personality Traits and Intimate Partner Violence as Influences on Maternal Representations
Authors: Lannert Brittany K. , Levendosky Alytia A. , Bogat G. Anne 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMaternal representations of the infant and self‐as‐mother predict attachment security and may be differentially influenced by environmental stressors such as intimate partner violence (IPV), but no study has yet examined potential direct and interactive effects of maternal personality. Maternal representations (Working Model of the Child Interview; C.H. Zeanah, D. Benoit, L. Hirshberg, M.L. Barton, & C. Regan, 1994), maternal personality (Revised NEO Personality Inventory; P.T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992), and experiences of domestic violence (Severity of Violence Against Women Scales; L. Marshall, 1992) were assessed in a community sample of 180 women during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum. Logistic regression analyses assessed main and interaction effects of personality traits and IPV exposure on maternal representations in pregnancy and stability and change over the first year of life. Maternal openness and agreeableness increased the odds of balanced prenatal representations while extraversion predicted change from nonbalanced to balanced representations when the child was age 1 year. The relationship with conscientiousness and openness was moderated by IPV exposure. The authors conclude that the interaction of IPV and maternal personality has significant implications for the earliest substrates of parenting. Future research may include maternal personality variables to further explicate their role as broad predictors of caregiving representations. Clarification of the role of neuroticism is needed. These findings may inform the development of family‐based interventions targeting caregiving and insecure attachment relationships.
Nitrous oxide decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream with a RhOx/Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/alumina catalyst
Authors: Inger Marek , Wilk Marcin , Parres‐Esclapez Sonia , Illán‐Gómez Maria José , Salinas-Martínez de Lecea Concepción , Bueno‐López Agustín 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundN2O is a powerful greenhouse gas emitted in nitric acid plants, and emission control technologies are required.ResultsA 0.25%Rh/50%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst has been prepared and tested for N2O decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream. The catalyst is active enough to achieve 100% N2O removal, maintaining a constant catalytic activity after 40 h operation without deactivating. Characterization of the fresh and used catalyst, using different techniques, revealed no changes during the N2O decomposition experiments: (i) XRD and Raman spectroscopy show the fluorite structure of the Ce–Pr mixed oxide before and after the catalytic tests, (ii) the crystal size of the Ce–Pr mixed oxide particles and the BET surface area of the catalyst is maintained, evidencing no sintering of ceria particles, (iii) H2‐TPR indicates that the reducibility of the catalyst is similar before and after the catalytic tests, revealing chemical stability, and (iv) TEM and XPS analysis indicated the high stability of the rhodium particle size and oxidation state.ConclusionAn active and stable catalyst with formulation 0.25%Rh/50%Ce0.9Pr0.1O2/γ‐Al2O3 has been prepared and successfully tested for N2O decomposition in a real nitric acid plant gas stream. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Imaging of reactive oxygen species burst from mitochondria using laser scanning confocal microscopy
Authors: Xu Jingman , Hao Zhimei , Gou Xiangbo , Tian Wei , Jin Yulan , Cui Shuxia , Guo Jing , Sun Yujie , Wang Ya , Xu Zhelong 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjective: Although several methods have been used to detect the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, it is still difficult to determine where ROS generate from. This study aimed to demonstrate whether ROS generate from mitochondria during oxidative stress induced mitochondria damage in cardiac H9c2 cells by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Methods: Cardiac H9c2 cells were exposed to H2O2 (1200μM) to induce mitochondrial oxidant damage. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by staining cells with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE); ROS generation was measured by staining cells with dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA). Results: A rapid/transient ROS burst from mitochondria was induced in cardiac cells treated with H2O2 compared with the control group, suggesting that mitochondria are the main source of ROS induced by oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. Meanwhile, the TMRE fluorescence intensity of mitochondria which had produced a great deal of ROS decreased significantly, indicating that the burst of ROS induces the loss of ΔΨm. In addition, the structure of mitochondria was damaged seriously after ROS burst. However, we also demonstrated that the TMRE fluorescence intensity might be affected by H2DCFDA. Conclusions: Mitochondria are the main source of ROS induced by oxidative stress in H9c2 cells and these findings provide a new method to observe whether ROS generate from mitochondria by LSCM. However, these observations also suggested that it is inaccurate to test the fluorescence intensities of cells stained with two or more different fluorescent dyes which should be paid more attention to. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:612–617, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An analytic drain current model for long‐channel undoped gate stack surrounding‐gate MOSFETs including interface fixed charges
Authors: Wang Danghui , Zhang Man , Han Ru , Lu Yuhao , He Lu 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYOn the basis of the exact solution of Poisson's equation and Pao–Sah double integral for long‐channel bulk MOSFETs, a continuous and analytic drain current model for the undoped gate stack (GS) surrounding‐gate (SRG) metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) including positive or negative interface fixed charges near the drain junction is presented. Considering the effect of the interface fixed charges on the flat‐band voltage and the electron mobility, the model, which is expressed with the surface and body center potentials evaluated at the source and drain ends, describes the drain current from linear region to saturation region through a single continuous expression. It is found that the surface and body center potentials are increased/decreased in the case of positive/negative interface fixed charges, respectively, and the positive/negative interface fixed charges can decrease/increase the drain current. The model agrees well with the 3D numerical simulations and can be efficiently used to explore the effects of interface fixed charges on the drain current of the gate stack surrounding‐gate MOSFETs of the charge‐trapped memory device. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Social Media to Co‐Create New Business Strategies at Environmental Resources Management
Authors: Cheuk Bonnie , Li Honglei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCompanies are increasingly integrating social media tools such as Twitter, blogs, Wiki pages, forums, and virtual communities into their intranet. The process of implementing such Enterprise 2.0 tools and encouraging employees to contribute to them is challenging. Environmental Resources Management (ERM) used an award‐winning social media tool, Minerva, to enable knowledge sharing and collaboration among its global employees. A report on three implementation stages over six months illustrates the activities that were undertaken to encourage a high level of employee participation, which enabled them to better serve their clients' needs in the post‐recession era. ERM's experiences show that the implementation of Enterprise 2.0 tools requires the support of top management in the creation of a “knowledging” and communicating process aimed at generating ideas and information from employees throughout the organization, regardless of their location. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Purification of β‐lactoglobulin with a high‐capacity anion exchanger: High‐throughput process development and scale‐up considerations
Authors: Ng Paul K , Snyder Mark A 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDβ‐Lactoglobulin is the most abundant protein in bovine whey. It is a valuable nutriceutical with multiple physiological functions. There are many ongoing efforts to improve approaches by which this whey protein can be conveniently and economically purified in significant quantities. High‐capacity resins for protein fractionation are currently available in the biotech industry. One such resin is evaluated in the present investigation.RESULTSThis work describes a high‐capacity ion exchange chromatography method for one‐column fractionation of β‐lactoglobulin from whey. It was obtained with a >90% purity. The dynamic binding capacity was measured in packed columns. Comparable value predicted on the basis of Langmuir isotherm analysis from batch adsorption data in a high‐throughput 96‐well format is shown. Scale‐up considerations are discussed with respect to feed concentration and binding capacity.CONCLUSIONSThe feasibility of preparing purified β‐lactoglobulin with a single high‐capacity anion exchanger step was demonstrated. A capacity of >200 mg mL−1 was obtained. A significant improvement in productivity can be realized by a simultaneous increase of binding capacity and feed concentration. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
MT‐CYB mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hagen Christian M. , Aidt Frederik H. , Havndrup Ole , Hedley Paula L. , Jespersgaard Cathrine , Jensen Morten , Kanters Jørgen K. , Moolman‐Smook Johanna C. , Møller Daniel V. , Bundgaard Henning , Christiansen Michael 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction is a characteristic of heart failure. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA, particularly in MT‐CYB coding for cytochrome B in complex III (CIII), have been associated with isolated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We hypothesized that MT‐CYB mutations might play an important causal or modifying role in HCM. The MT‐CYB gene was sequenced from DNA isolated from blood from 91 Danish HCM probands. Nonsynonymous variants were analyzed by bioinformatics, molecular modeling and simulation. Two germline‐inherited, putative disease‐causing, nonsynonymous variants: m.15024G>A; p.C93Y and m.15482T>C; p.S246P were identified. Modeling showed that the p.C93Y mutation leads to disruption of the tertiary structure of Cytb by helix displacement, interfering with protein–heme interaction. The p.S246P mutation induces a diproline structure, which alters local secondary structure and induces a kink in the protein backbone, interfering with macromolecular interactions. These molecular effects are compatible with a leaky phenotype, that is, limited but progressive mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, we find that rare, putative leaky mtDNA variants in MT‐CYB can be identified in a cohort of HCM patients. We propose that further patients with HCM should be examined for mutations in MT‐CYB in order to clarify the role of these variants.
Component importance for linear consecutive‐ k ‐Out‐of‐ n and m ‐Consecutive‐ k ‐Out‐of‐ n systems with exchangeable components
Authors: Eryilmaz Serkan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMeasuring the relative importance of components in a mechanical system is useful for various purposes. In this article, we study Birnbaum and Barlow‐Proschan importance measures for two frequently studied system designs: linear consecutive k ‐out‐of‐ n and m ‐consecutive‐ k ‐out‐of‐ n systems. We obtain explicit expressions for the component importance measures for systems consisting of exchangeable components. We illustrate the results for a system whose components have a Lomax type lifetime distribution. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013