bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of ankylosis in the incisor for orthodontic tooth movement in rats
Authors: Cuoghi Osmar Aparecido , Tondelli Pedro Marcelo , Sonoda Celso Koogi , Aiello Carlos Alberto , de Mendonça Marcos Rogério , Costa Silvano Cesar da 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackground/AimThe present research evaluated the induction of ankylosis and the eruption rate in rat incisors, with the aim of achieving stable anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) of the molars.Material and methodsFifteen male Wistar rats were used. In the Experimental group, the right superior incisor of each animal was extracted, denuded of the PDL and the dental papilla, and reimplanted. The Control group was the left superior incisors. The eruption rate was measured at 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days after replantation. NiTi closed springs with a 50cN release force were installed for additional 9 days, and the eruption rate was determined. Then, the rats were sacrificed, and ankylosis was examined by microscopic analysis. Differences withP < 0.01 were defined as statistically significant.ResultsThe eruption rates were 0 and 0.39 mm day−1in the Experimental group and Control group, respectively. All incisors of the Experimental group showed ankylosis according to histological analysis.ConclusionsThe methodology used to induce ankylosis in this study was effective for anchoring the incisors during the OTM of rat molars, eliminating the undesirable effects consequent to continuous eruption.
Does Index Speculation Impact Commodity Prices? An Intraday Analysis
Authors: Tse Yiuman , Williams Michael R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUsing intraday data, we find unidirectional causality from commodity index‐linked futures to nonindex‐linked commodity futures for up to one hour which disappears when using daily data. Also, the economic significance of index‐linked to nonindex commodity transmission declines to zero within about an hour. Finally, we find that the magnitude of index‐linked to nonindex return transmission is positively related to the amount of speculation, both long and short, in S&P GSCI commodity index futures.  We conclude that speculative pressures exerted by commodity index futures can impact nonindex commodities, mainly through the activity of uninformed, positive feedback traders.
Species richness, species turnover and functional diversity in nematodes of the deep Mediterranean Sea: searching for drivers at different spatial scales
Authors: Gambi Cristina , Pusceddu Antonio , Benedetti‐Cecchi Lisandro , Danovaro Roberto 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAimUnderstanding how biodiversity varies at different spatial scales and the drivers behind these patterns is a crucial issue in ecology. This is evident for the deep sea, the largest biome of the biosphere, where there is little information available on the spatial and temporal variability of biodiversity. Here, we investigated the variability and potential drivers of species richness, turnover and functional biodiversity of deep‐sea nematodes at a depth of 3000 m across different spatial scales and in two periods of contrasting pelagic productivity.LocationThe Mediterranean Sea.MethodsWe used for the first time a hierarchical sampling strategy that includes different spatial scales, from tens of metres (small scale) to hundreds of kilometres (macroscale).ResultsWe show that the variability in biodiversity is greatest at the macroscale, although the rate of variability is about two‐ to three‐fold lower than observed for nematode abundance. Also, turnover diversity is highest at the macroscale (and uncoupled from species richness), and significantly decreases to the meso‐ and local scales. Functional diversity is positively related to species richness and its variability is associated with the change in richness of predators. The drivers of spatial variability of biodiversity are different at different spatial scales. Our data identify the pivotal role of food quantity in the control of variability in biodiversity attributes at the macroscale, while the quality and bioavailability of food sources have a key role in driving beta diversity and biodiversity attributes at small spatial scales. Also, the largest variations in biodiversity attributes at both macroscales and mesoscales are related to periods of high food input from the euphotic zone.Main conclusionsWe conclude that changes in food availability, which can also be expected as a consequence of climate change, have a significant impact in setting biodiversity attributes at different spatial scales in the deep sea.
Salivary cytokine profile in elders with Candida‐related denture stomatitis
Authors: Pesee Siripen , Arpornsuwan Teerakul 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThis study investigated risk factors of denture stomatitis, and the levels of cytokines in the saliva of elderly Candida‐related denture stomatitis participants compared with adult individuals.Material and methodsThe occurrence of denture stomatitis in 128 patients with upper removable dentures was clinically examined. Participants were divided into two age groups as adult and elder. Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis were evaluated by questionnaire and oral and dental prosthesis examination. The quality of dentures was evaluated by direct examination. Palatal mucosa was swabbed for Candida carriage investigation, and whole unstimulated saliva was collected for cytokine detection. Salivary cytokines (interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α) were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe associations between the occurrence of denture stomatitis and either the quality of dentures or Candida isolation on palatal mucosa were significant. However, differences in the levels of salivary IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17, ICAM‐1 and TNF‐α between the denture wearers with and without denture stomatitis were undetectable. Adult and elderly Candida‐related denture stomatitis patients also showed a similar level of salivary IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17, ICAM‐1 and TNF‐α. No correlation between the presence of denture stomatitis in the elder and the quantity of Candida infection was found.ConclusionNo association was found between the occurrence of Candida‐related denture stomatitis and the concentrations of salivary IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐17, ICAM‐1 and TNF‐α, regardless of age.
EQ‐5D rated by proxy in institutionalized older adults with dementia: Psychometric pros and cons
Authors: Diaz‐Redondo Alicia , Rodriguez‐Blazquez Carmen , Ayala Alba , Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Forjaz Maria João ,   Spanish Research Group on Quality of Life and Aging
Published: July 2013

AimMeasurement of health‐related quality of life in people with dementia is a challenge, because of their special characteristics and the difficulties that this term entails itself. The present study aimed at assessing the psychometric properties of the EQ‐5D rated by a familiar or a professional caregiver of institutionalized older adults with dementia.MethodsWe analyzed the EQ‐5D psychometric properties from 525 questionnaires rated by proxy, in a sample of institutionalized older adults with dementia.ResultsThe mean EQ‐5D index score was 0.11 ± 0.38, and 51.54 ± 21.47 for the visual analog scale. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.72. Regarding internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was 0.64, and the item‐total correlation ranged from 0.33 to 0.53. Exploratory factor analysis identified a functional and a subjective factor, accounting for 67.35% of the variance. Convergent validity of EQ‐5D with Quality of Life Alzheimer's Disease by proxy and Quality of Life in Late‐stage Dementia scales was satisfactory (r = 0.36–0.58). The EQ‐5D showed appropriate discriminative validity among patients grouped into several categories. Multiple linear regression models, using EQ‐index and visual analog scale as dependent variables, identified dependence level, proxy characteristics, leisure and comorbidity as determinants of quality of life.ConclusionsDespite some limitations in the more subjective dimensions, the proxy‐rated EQ‐5D showed satisfactory psychometric properties in the present study, suggesting that it is a valid and alternative instrument to assess quality of life in institutionalized older people with dementia. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2014; 14: 346–353.
Postmortem examination in the morbidly obese
Authors: Fryer Eve , Roberts Ian S D , Sheppard Mary N , Verrill Clare 
Published: July 2013

AimsThe incidence of obesity is rising, and morbid obesity is associated with increased mortality rates. Pathologists will therefore encounter increasing numbers of postmortems in the morbidly obese. It is essential that pathologists recognize morbid obesity and can identify its consequences at postmortem. The aims of this study were to assess how often obesity is included in the cause of death of morbidly obese individuals, and whether obesity‐related causes of death are being missed.Methods and resultsThe postmortem database of the John Radcliffe Hospital was searched to identify all medicolegal postmortems performed on morbidly obese individuals between January 2007 and September 2012. Of 4742 coronial postmortems performed, 3911 (82%) reports contained a record of height and weight, allowing body mass index calculation. Two hundred and two (5.2%) were performed on morbidly obese individuals. Death resulted from natural causes in 189 (93.6%), of which obesity was included in the medical certificate of cause of death in 41 (22%).ConclusionsPostmortems in the morbidly obese represent a significant percentage of the total performed, but recognition of the contribution of obesity to death and of obesity‐associated conditions is poor. Postmortems performed on the morbidly obese represent a distinct group with specific causes of death, and should be approached as such.
Evidence‐based management of primary and localized Merkel cell carcinoma: a review
Authors: Ellis Dana L. , Davis Ronald S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMerkel cell carcinoma is a rare and often lethal cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy with a tendency for early and frequent locoregional and distant metastasis and relapses. It is a tumor of the elderly and immunosuppressed, which most often appears on sun‐exposed areas of the body. There is growing interest in characterization of the disease and the best approach to its management. Despite the lack of prospective randomized clinical trials, treatment is evolving.ObjectiveTo provide an updated review of the most current and relevant data concerning the surgical (± radiological) management of Merkel cell carcinoma, including the role of Mohs micrographic surgery.MethodsUsing relevant MeSH terms, we performed a review of the literature on the above subjects from 1981 to 2011.Results and conclusionFor primary tumors without evidence of organ metastases, surgical excision should be the primary therapy. Owing to the high rate of local metastases, a safety margin of at least 2 cm should be considered. In situations where small, localized tumors and/or special locations necessitate a smaller safety margin, compensation by complete histological examination of the excision margins and perhaps adjuvant radiation therapy should be undertaken. The literature states that benefits of Mohs micrographic surgery (over wide local excision) include tissue conservation and identification of tumors that may require extremely wide excision margins. The majority of data to date supports the use of Mohs surgery in the treatment of Merkel cell carcinoma.
Clinical and laboratory features of chronic idiopathic urticaria in the elderly
Authors: Magen Eli , Mishal Joseph , Schlesinger Menachem 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are few data regarding epidemiology and clinical features of urticarial diseases in the elderly population.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) in the geriatric population.MethodsElectronic medical records of outpatient allergy consultations due to a diagnosis of CIU were retrospectively reviewed to collect demographic data, urticaria activity score, results of autologous serum skin test (ASST), and laboratory workup.ResultsFrom 1598 patients with chronic urticaria, there were 1319 (82.5%) adult (adult CIU group) and 124 (9.4%) elderly subjects (elderly CIU group). The elderly CIU group was characterized by lower prevalence (46.7%) of women compared to the adult CIU group (69.2%; P = 0.022); fewer wheals (1.4 ± 0.5) vs. (2.3 ± 0.7; P < 0.001); lower rates of concomitant symptomatic dermographism 2 (2.2%) vs. 121 (12.6%; P = 0.003); and lower rates of angioedema, 3 (14.1%) vs. 362 (37.8%; P < 0.001). Fewer elderly patients with CIU (18.1%) than adult patients with CIU (44.7%; P = 0.019) demonstrated a positive ASST. There were no differences in laboratory data between the study groups.ConclusionCIU in the elderly population is nearly equally distributed in both sexes and is characterized by fewer wheals, lower rates of concomitant symptomatic dermographism, lower rates of angioedema, and lower ASST positivity.
Repigmentation of vitiligo‐associated leukotrichia after autologous, non‐cultured melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation
Authors: Al Jasser Mohammed I. , Ghwish Bassel , Al Issa Ahmed , Mulekar Sanjeev V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundMany cases of leukotrichia are associated with vitiligo. Hair follicles are believed to be the source of melanocytes for skin repigmentation using standard medical therapy for vitiligo. Vitiliginous areas with overlying leukotrichia usually fail to achieve repigmentation by conventional medical treatments as a result of a deficient melanocyte reservoir. Even after the successful repigmentation of vitiliginous skin by medical therapies, leukotrichia hairs may remain depigmented, causing a major psychological impact to the patient. In such cases, surgical treatments may help to achieve the repigmentation of leukotrichia hairs. Reports of successful repigmentation in leukotrichia using different surgical treatments for vitiligo are few.ObjectiveThis study reports the benefit of autologous non‐cultured melanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation (MKT) in patients with vitiligo‐associated leukotrichia.MethodsWe report four cases of vitiligo‐associated leukotrichia treated with MKT.ResultsAll four patients showed significant repigmentation in vitiligo‐associated leukotrichia after MKT.ConclusionsMelanocyte‐keratinocyte transplantation may represent a good therapeutic option for the repigmentation of vitiligo‐associated leukotrichia. This series includes only four responsive cases. Larger prospective studies are needed to determine the true response rate and mechanism of repigmentation.
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of the face presenting as rhinoentomophthoramycosis
Authors: Mahajan Vikram K. , Chauhan Pushpinder S. , Mehta Karaninder S. , Abhinav C. , Sharma Vikas , Thakur Kamlesh 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectivesSubcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is the most common variety of phaeohyphomycosis and presents as asymptomatic or mildly painful, localized cysts, abscesses, or sometimes chromoblastomycosis‐like lesions over the feet, legs, or hands in about 60–85% of cases. It usually afflicts adults with some degree of immunosuppression.MethodsWe report a 30‐year‐old man, who presented with features of recurrent sinusitis (episodes of fever, nasal stuffiness, paranasal sinus pain, and tenderness), mucosal hypertrophy of the maxillary sinuses, and mid‐face swelling that was freely mobile and suggestive of rhinoentomophthoramycosis. He had no other associated illness.ResultsHistology suggested tumid lupus erythematosus. The diagnosis was based onFonsecaea pedrosoicultured from a biopsy specimen.ConclusionsCombination therapy with itraconazole and saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) was more effective than itraconazole used alone.
Polymorphisms in HLA‐related genes and psoriasis heredity in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Vasku Anna , Bienertova‐Vasku Julie , Izakovicova‐Holla Lydie , Pavkova Goldbergova Monika , Kozacikova Zuzana , Splichal Zbynek , Vasku Vladimir 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate possible associations of the five DNA polymorphic genotypes in the HLA region (transporter associated with antigen processing [TAP1; TAP1 333 a/b, TAP1 637 c/d], the HLA‐DRB1*1501‐rs3135388, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]α [−238 G/A] and NcoI TNFβ) with characteristics of family history in patients with psoriasis vulgaris.Materials and methodsA total of 201 Czech patients with psoriasis were enrolled in the study. The patients were genotyped for the five common polymorphisms in TAP1, TNFα, and TNFβ genes (6p21.3) using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism‐based methodology.ResultsWe observed significantly higher prevalence of Ile333Ile TAP1 allele in patients whose first‐degree relatives had a positive family history of psoriasis (Pa = 0.04). No differences related to family history of psoriasis were observed in HLA‐DRB1*1501 polymorphism. As for the TNFα (−238 G/A) polymorphism, a significant increase of the GG genotype was observed in patients, especially men with second‐ and third‐degree relatives with psoriasis (Pg = 0.008). Similarly, the B2B2 genotype of NcoI TNFβ polymorphism was more frequent in psoriatic patients, especially women, whose second‐ and third‐degree relatives had psoriasis (Pg = 0.004). Finally, the haplotype analysis of all five polymorphisms revealed that the frequency of haplotype bcCB1A was different between not only men and women with psoriasis (P = 0.007) but also between men and women without a family history of psoriasis (P = 0.007).ConclusionsHaplotype association of HLA gene polymorphisms with genealogy aspects of psoriasis facilitates a better understanding of etiopathogenetic aspects of the diseases.
HLA‐G 5′ URR SNPs and 3′ UTR 14‐bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in an Afro‐Brazilian population from Paraná State
Authors: Tureck L. V. , Santos L. C. , Wowk P. F. , Mattar S. B. , Silva J. S. , Magalhães J. C. M. , Roxo V. M. M. S. , Bicalho M. G. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryThe present study investigated 23 SNPs in the 5′URR promoter region and the 14 bp ins/del polymorphism at the 3′UTR region of the HLA‐G gene in 150 individuals with Afro‐Brazilian ancestry. Three haplotypes were found to be the most frequent. Comparing these polymorphisms in other samples, our data suggest that Afro‐Brazilians are more similar to the Euro‐Brazilians than to Hutterite population.
The use of propranolol for complicated infantile hemangiomas
Authors: Vercellino Nadia , Romanini Maria Victoria , Pelegrini Monica , Rimini Alessandro , Occella Corrado , Dalmonte Pietro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess propranolol efficacy and safety in complicated infantile hemangiomas in two different age groups.Patients and methodsWe report on 68 infants with infantile hemangiomas treated with oral propranolol at the lowest effective dose at different ages for a period of six months. Inclusion criteria were life‐threatening hemangiomas, function‐threatening hemangiomas, facial hemangiomas with risk for disfigurement, and extensive and ulcerated hemangiomas. A previously designed safety protocol was applied to all patients. The evolution of all hemangiomas since baseline (pre‐therapy) until the end of follow‐up was assessed on the basis of clinical features (color, palpable softening, size, and volume) and taken at follow‐up visits.ResultsOur results showed that propranolol was effective in arresting the proliferative phase and in accelerating the involution of infantile hemangiomas in 92.6% of cases. Propranolol efficacy was clear even when it was started after 12 months of life at low dose; after discontinuation of therapy there was a moderate‐to‐severe regrowth in 9.3% of cases and a mild regrowth in 22.5%. No adverse events were observed.ConclusionsPropranolol should be used as first‐line medical treatment in all cases of complicated infantile hemangiomas.
Trabajar, Pedir, Vender. El Caso de los Vendedores Ambulantes en Trenes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Perelman Mariano D. 
Published: July 2013

ResumenEste artículo se basa en el trabajo de campo con enfoque etnográfico que desarrollo con vendedores ambulantes en trenes de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Me concentro en cómo los actores se presentan y realizan diferentes performances para poder vender sus productos. Mi argumento es que estas diferencias están basadas en los discursos sociales sobre la pobreza (legítima e ilegítima) y sobre el trabajo, pero que estos discursos y prácticas son reinterpretadas por las personas de carne y hueso. Ello ocurre durante las interacciones entre los vendedores, los pasajeros y otros actores presentes en el trayecto del ferrocarril y a partir de las trayectorias de los vendedores. El artículo busca contribuir a la comprensión de la forma en que miles de personas se ganan la vida realizando actividades localizadas en una zona gris entre el trabajo y el no trabajo, entre la legalidad y la ilegalidad, legitimidad e ilegitimidad.
“We are all Chiquitano”: Struggles over Territory and Sovereignty in Lowland Bolivia
Authors: Weber Katinka 
Published: July 2013

ResumenEste artículo explora las diferentes maneras en que los blancos y mestizos de Concepción, una sede municipal en el departamento de Santa Cruz en el oriente Boliviano, buscan deslegitimizar el proyecto político indígena chiquitano. Una manera popular entre las élites de neutralizar la amenaza que este proyecto supone para su soberanía sobre los recursos, la tierra y la población en esa región, es utilizando un discurso regional de mestizaje que pretende minar la frontera étnica (cf. Barth 1969) creada por los chiquitanos para diferenciarse de los blancos y mestizos. Con el fin de explicar esta estrategia, presento un resumen de los acontecimientos históricos que han contribuido a crear el clima político contemporáneo local, y discuto los vínculos de dicha estrategia con el surgimiento del regionalismo Cruceño.
Withholding Recess From Elementary School Students: Policies Matter
Authors: Turner Lindsey , Chriqui Jamie F. , Chaloupka Frank J. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDRecess is a key aspect of a healthy elementary school environment and helps to keep students physically active during the school day. Although national organizations recommend that students not be withheld from recess, this practice occurs in schools. This study examined whether district policies were associated with school practices regarding the withholding of recess for behavior management or academic reasons, as well as the use of physical activity (eg, running laps) for behavior management.METHODSData were gathered from administrators at US public elementary schools by mail‐back surveys conducted during the spring of the 2008‐2009, 2009‐2010, and 2010‐2011 school years. Corresponding school district policies were gathered and coded. Each year's sample was nationally representative and data were analyzed as a stacked cross‐sectional sample. A total of 1,919 surveys were received (61.2% response rate).RESULTSAveraged over the 3 years, students were not withheld from recess for poor behavior or academic reasons at 28.3% and 26.7% of elementary schools, respectively. Strong district policy was associated with an increased odds of not withholding students from recess for poor behavior (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.27, p < .001) or completing schoolwork (adjusted OR = 1.99, p < .001). Withholding recess was less common in the South versus the West, Midwest, and Northeast. Use of physical activity for behavior management was rare and not associated with district policy.CONCLUSIONSStrengthening district policies may be an effective strategy for changing school practices pertaining to withholding of recess, and to ensure that all students have opportunities to be physically active during the school day.