bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dermatoscopic imaging of skin lesions by high school students: a cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Marchetti Michael A. , Fonseca Maira , Dusza Stephen W. , Scope Alon , Geller Alan C. , Bishop Marilyn , Marghoob Ashfaq A. , Oliveria Susan A. , Halpern Allan C. 
Published: March 2015

Background: The ability of novices to perform imaging of skin lesions is not well studied.
Objectives: To determine the ability of 12th grade high school students without formal training to take clinical and dermatoscopic images of skin lesions on patient-actors.
Patients/Methods: Nineteen participants were divided into 11 gender-specific groups of 1-2 students. Groups were provided written instructions and assessed in their ability to (a) identify 8 pre-specified skin lesions, (b) take overview clinical images, and (c) take contact, polarized dermatoscopic images. Groups captured the same images twice using two different cameras [NikonTM 1 J1 / VEOS HD1 and a VEOS DS3 (Canfield Scientific, Inc.)]. The sequence of camera use was determined using block randomization. If students made visibly poor skin contact during dermatoscopic imaging using their first camera, study investigators provided verbal instructions to place the second camera directly onto the skin. Students completed anonymous surveys before and after the imaging activity.
Results: Students were proficient at identifying the correct pre-specified skin lesions (86/88, 98%), capturing sufficient quality overview clinical images of the back and legs (41/42, 98%), and taking dermatoscopic images of the entire skin lesion (174/176, 99%). Regarding dermatoscopic image quality, 116 of 175 (66%) images were in focus. Out of focus images were attributed to poor skin contact. Groups that received feedback (n=4) were able to obtain a significantly higher proportion of in focus dermatoscopic images using their second camera compared to their first camera (16% to 72%, P<0.001).
Conclusions: We identified several barriers that exist for participant-acquired dermatoscopic imaging. Instructions emphasizing the importance of skin contact are useful. Our results may help guide future patient-acquired teledermatoscopy efforts.
L’autochtonie dans l’art actuel québécois. Une question partagée
Authors: Uzel Jean-Philippe 
Published: March 2015

À l’heure où les artistes visuels autochtones (Premières Nations, Inuits et Métis) se détachent de la « politique de l’identité », les artistes allochtones (d’ascendance européenne) font de plus en plus souvent référence dans leurs oeuvres à des questions en lien avec l’autochtonie. Cet article examine certaines de ces questions en établissant trois dialogues entre le travail d’un artiste autochtone et d’un artiste allochtone vivant au Québec : l’exploitation industrielle des territoires autochtones dans le Nord du Québec, par l’Algonquine Nadia Myre et l’artiste d’origine suisse Thomas Kneubühler ; les nouvelles attitudes et comportements générés par la société d’hyperconsommation, par l’artiste laich-kwil-tach Sonny Assu et le collectif BGL ; les relations entre Autochtones et colons durant le régime colonial français, chez l’artiste innue Sonia Robertson et l’artiste montréalaise Cynthia Girard. Bien que l’autochtonie, à travers ces trois dialogues, apparaisse comme une question partagée par les artistes actuels autochtones et allochtones, à aucun moment il n’est possible d’établir une équivalence entre les uns et les autres. Alors que chez les artistes allochtones l’autochtonie est traitée comme un motif secondaire, passant parfois inaperçue aux yeux des critiques d’art, elle constitue toujours le thème central des artistes autochtones chez qui elle s’ancre dans le destin, souvent tragique, de leur communauté.
Documentaire et jeux de fiction. Le cas du cinéma québécois1
Authors: Thériault Mélissa 
Published: March 2015

Ce texte propose d’étudier, du point de vue de la philosophie contemporaine, les rapports qu’entretiennent fiction et non-fiction à l’aide de quelques exemples choisis de la cinématographie québécoise des cinquante dernières années. L’examen de ce va-et-vient entre les genres (c’est-à-dire du jeu de brouillage volontairement opéré sur la frontière), qui est une tendance persistante au sein du cinéma québécois, permettra d’identifier et de discuter les problèmes théoriques posés par toute tentative de démarcation. Cela permettra également d’observer ce qui distingue et rapproche la fiction du documentaire dans l’expression d’une réalité sociale singulière, rapport constamment (re)négocié à mesure que les genres se développent et remettent en question leurs frontières habituelles, au gré des tendances artistiques, des modes et des expérimentations. Il s’agira d’abord d’esquisser quelques remarques sur les concepts de fiction et de documentaire à l’aide des récentes propositions des philosophes Gregory Currie et Noel Carroll. Nous fournirons ensuite quelques exemples issus du corpus qui nous intéresse, ce qui nous permettra d’exposer les motifs qui sous-tendent cette tendance marquée aux « jeux de fictions ». Ce regard contemporain sur l’histoire du cinéma québécois permettra enfin d’esquisser quelques remarques générales sur l’ontologie du septième art.
Sonographic Evaluation of Hydronephrosis in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Walker Marc R. , Babikian Sarkis , Ernest Alexander J. , Koch Troy S. , Lustik Michael B. , Rooks Veronica J. , McMann Leah P. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesStandardized protocols exist for diuretic renography. There are no specific guidelines regarding hydration before renal sonography. This study assessed the importance of the hydration status by sonographic measurements of the anteroposterior diameter and its effect on Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) hydronephrosis grading.MethodsChildren aged 6 weeks to 16 years (mean age, 22 months) with unilateral SFU grade 3 or 4 hydronephrosis requiring diuretic renal scintigraphy were recruited to undergo prehydration and posthydration renal sonography. Hydrated diuretic renal scintigraphy, or “well‐tempered” renography, was then performed. Renal sonograms were reviewed by a blinded pediatric radiologist and pediatric urologist. Two‐sided statistical tests assessed whether SFU grades and the anteroposterior diameter changed significantly after hydration.ResultsAmong 67 kidneys, the pediatric urologist (L.P.M.) and pediatric radiologist (V.J.R.) reported no SFU grade change in 45 (67%) and 52 (78%) kidneys after hydration. In kidneys that changed, the posthydration grade was more likely to be higher. This difference was statistically significant (14 of 22 and 13 of 15 differences were higher grades after hydration for L.P.M. and V.J.R., respectively; P= .06; P= .007). Most kidneys that changed with hydration differed by only 1 SFU grade. Differences greater than 1 grade were seen in 5 control kidneys, which increased from SFU grade 0 to 2. The mean anteroposterior diameter increased significantly between prehydration and posthydration sonography for both hydronephrotic kidneys (1.46 versus 1.72 cm; P< .001) and control kidneys (0.22 versus 0.39 cm; P= .019), but did not correlate with increased SFU grades.ConclusionsHydration does have a substantial effect on the anteroposterior diameter, but it does not correlate with a substantial effect on the SFU grade; therefore, well‐tempered sonography seems unnecessary.
Real‐time Sonoelastography of the Quadriceps Tendon in Patients Undergoing Chronic Hemodialysis
Authors: Teber Mehmet A. , Oğur Törel , Bozkurt Alper , Er Bülent , Turan Aynur , Gülbay Mutlu , Akdağ İbrahim 
Published: March 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare sonoelastographic findings for the quadriceps tendon in patients with chronic renal failure who were in a dialysis program to findings in a control group.MethodsFifty‐three randomly allocated patients (mean age, 54.3 years; range, 27–86 years) with chronic renal failure who were in a dialysis program 3 days a week between January and May 2012 were included. The measurements were performed in both knees of 53 patients undergoing dialysis and 25 individuals in the control group. The tendons were classified as follows: type 1, very stiff tissue (blue); type 2, stiff tissue (blue‐green); and type 3, intermediate tissue (green‐yellow) according to color mapping.ResultsThe mean quadriceps tendon thicknesses in the patient group were 4.9 mm (range, 1.9–6.5 mm) for the right knee and 4.9 mm (1.4–6.5 mm) for the left knee; the values in the control group were 5.4 mm (3.6–7.0 mm) for the right knee and 5.4 mm (3.4–7.0 mm) for the left knee. The mean elasticity scores in the patient group were 3.14 (1.03–5.23) for the right knee and 3.33 (1.29–5.00) for the left knee; in the control group, the values were 3.79 (1.73–5.23) and 3.69 (1.23–5.53) for the right and left knees, respectively (right knee,P= .025; left knee,P= .018; Mann‐WhitneyUtest). The quadriceps tendons were significantly thinner in the patient group (right knee,P= .054; left knee,P= .015; Mann‐WhitneyUtest).ConclusionsQuadriceps tendons in patients with chronic renal failure are thinner and have lower elasticity scores compared to controls.
Impact of occupational cadmium exposure on spirometry, sputum leukocyte count, and lung cell DNA damage among Indian goldsmiths
Authors: Moitra Subhabrata , Chakraborty Kaustav , Bhattacharyya Arindam , Sahu Subhashis 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundCadmium is frequently used in manual jewelry industries. Although its toxicity on lung function is well‐known, the mechanism is not well‐understood.MethodsAmong 26 goldsmiths exposed to cadmium (mean age 35.9 ± 5.0 years) and 17 referent workers without direct exposure (36.6 ± 6.6 years), we measured blood and urinary cadmium concentration and performed spirometry and quantified leukocytes and comet formation in the cells from spontaneously expectorated sputum samples.ResultsThe goldsmiths had higher cadmium concentration in urine (mean 6.14 ± 1.63 vs. 0.47 ± 0.17 μg/dl) and blood (0.90 ± 0.23 vs. 0.02 ± 0.007 μg/dl) than the referents, which were inversely associated with FEV1/FVC. Cadmium exposure also resulted in higher neutrophils (%) and lower macrophage (%) prevalence in the sputum and also caused substantial DNA damage in the lung cells among the goldsmiths than the referents (69 vs. 14%).ConclusionAltered lung function among cadmium‐exposed goldsmiths was associated with enhanced inflammatory response and increased cellular DNA damage in the lungs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:617–624, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Combined Geophysical Approach in a Complex Arctic Archaeological Environment: A Case Study from the LdFa‐1 Site, Southern Baffin Island, Nunavut
Authors: Landry David B. , Ferguson Ian J. , Milne S. Brooke , Park Robert W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn 2014, we mapped the complex landscape of component Area 5 at LdFa‐1, a 3000‐year‐old Palaeoeskimo site located in the deep interior of southern Baffin Island, using a combined magnetic and electromagnetic approach to define the physical characteristics of any large‐ or small‐scale anthropogenic anomalies. Measurements were made using a GEM Systems Overhauser magnetometer‐gradiometer and Geonics EM31 instrument, and a survey configuration designed to map in high resolution the total magnetic field, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity responses of the underlying soils. Data‐reduction methods were used for each survey, including, for example, removal of temporal drift, to produce final responses related closely to the subsurface physical properties. Six geophysical responses are presented in the results: total magnetic field, vertical magnetic gradient, horizontal‐ and vertical‐dipole‐mode apparent susceptibility, and horizontal‐ and vertical‐dipole‐mode apparent conductivity. Spatial assemblages of small‐scale (<2 m) anomalies, correlated between the magnetic and magnetic susceptibility results and interpreted to be associated with groupings of igneous boulders in the shallow subsurface, define three areas of archaeological interest. One grouping is a roughly circular arrangement of anomalies with a diameter of 4 m. Its spatial correlation with a productive excavation unit at the site suggests an anthropogenic origin. The complementarity of data acquired at this site reduces the chances of misidentifying anomalies, for example, the apparent conductivity results support interpretation of larger‐scale anomalies observed at the site as being of lithogenic origin. This archaeogeophyiscal case study demonstrates the value of geophysical investigation in a complex Arctic archaeological environment and its role in providing information on subsurface archaeological features. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Fuzzy PD+ Control for Attitude Maneuver of Rigid Spacecraft
Authors: Chen Zhen , Zhong Li , Liu Xiangdong , Cong Binglong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an adaptive fuzzy PD+ controller is proposed for the attitude maneuver of rigid spacecraft. The novel controller adjusts the gains of the PD+ attitude controller online according to attitude errors and angular velocity errors during the maneuver procedure. Therefore, quick response and avoidance of actuator saturation can be achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the adaptation mechanism is designed, based on Lyapunov theory, to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system. To achieve good performance of the closed‐loop system under the constraint of actuator saturation, controller parameter optimization is developed on the basis of a genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that the transient performance and robustness against parametric uncertainty and environmental disturbance of the adaptive fuzzy PD+ controller are better than those of a constant PD+ controller.
Understanding the Construct of Maximizing Tendency: A Theoretical and Empirical Evaluation
Authors: Dalal Dev K. , Diab Dalia L. , Zhu Xiaoyuan ( Susan) , Hwang Timothy 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMore attention is being given to the stable, dispositional tendency to maximize when making decisions. Within the growing body of research has been an exchange regarding the appropriate means of measuring maximizing tendency. Guided primarily by psychometric and statistical analyses, these studies have critiqued and revised existing maximizing tendency scales and/or introduced new measures. Importantly, many of these discussions seem to ignore theoretical considerations of the construct of maximizing. In this article, we revisit the original work of Herbert Simon, from where the theory of maximizing tendency was developed, and provide a theoretical account for how maximizers can be distinguished from satisficers and the implications therein for the measurement of maximizing tendency. Across two studies, we provide an updated psychometric, correlational, and behavioral comparison of the two most popular maximizing tendency scales: the Maximization Scale and the Maximizing Tendency Scale. Results demonstrate that the Maximizing Tendency Scale is more theoretically and psychometrically valid than the Maximization Scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adding Only One Priority Rule Allows Extending CIP Rules to Supramolecular Systems
Authors: Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José , Cintas Pedro 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThere are frequent situations both in supramolecular chemistry and in crystallography that result in stereogenic centers, whose absolute configuration needs to be specified. With this aim we propose the inclusion of one simple additional rule to the Cahn‐Ingold‐Prelog (CIP) system of priority rules stating that noncovalent interactions have a fictitious number between 0 and 1. Chirality 27:339–343, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Can Silicon Make an Excellent Drug Even Better? An in vitro and in vivo Head‐to‐Head Comparison between Loperamide and Its Silicon Analogue Sila‐Loperamide
Authors: Geyer Marcel , Wellner Eric , Jurva Ulrik , Saloman Sebastian , Armstrong Duncan , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLoperamide (1a), an opioid receptor agonist, is in clinical use as an antidiarrheal agent. Carbon/silicon exchange (sila‐substitution) at the 4‐position of the piperidine ring of 1a (R3COH→R3SiOH) leads to sila‐loperamide (1b). Sila‐loperamide was synthesized in a multistep procedure, starting from triethoxyvinylsilane and taking advantage of the 4‐methoxyphenyl (MOP) unit as a protecting group for silicon. The in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of the C/Si analogues 1a and 1b were determined and compared. Despite significant differences in the in vitro PK properties of loperamide and sila‐loperamide regarding clearance, permeability, and efflux, both compounds exhibited nearly identical in vivo PK profiles. The increase in metabolic stability of the silicon compound 1b observed in vitro seems to be counterbalanced by an increase in efflux and diminished permeability compared to the parent carbon compound 1a. Overall, sila‐loperamide exhibits high unbound clearance (CLu), leading to a significant decrease in unbound concentration (Cu) and unbound area under the curve (AUCu) after oral exposure, compared to loperamide. In vitro and in vivo metabolic studies showed an altered profile of biotransformation for the silicon compound 1b, leading to the formation of a more polar and quickly cleared metabolite and preventing the formation of the silicon analogue of the neurotoxic metabolite observed for the parent carbon compound 1a. These differences can be correlated with the different chemical properties of the C/Si analogues 1a and 1b. This study provides some of the most detailed insights into the effects of a carbon/silicon switch and how this carbon/silicon exchange affects overall drug properties.
Dependency‐based collaborative design: a comparison of modeling methods
Authors: Drabble Brian 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe ability to provide support to a group of designers, analysts and other users who are collaborating on an evolving design requires the dual capabilities of managing options for an individual designer while at the same time managing the dependencies between different sets of designer's options. For example, if designer A is creating a design for a helicopters hydraulics system and this is dependent on electrical power (EP) from a sub‐system from designer B then how can the workflows, decisions and options of the two designers be managed so that each can understand the implications of their own design decisions and more importantly the implications and design decisions they force on others? The proposed CAPS system employs two dependency reasoning engines: one handles quantitative values and other qualitative ones. The quantitative engine can identify that a motor with an output of 3000 rpm allows a generator to output 100 V or that a hydraulic pump is dependent on the 240v output of the motor. Alternatively, the qualitative engine could rule out several motors options if the overall design state that the weight of a helicopter's transmission needs to be comparable to that of the engine or the positioning of a sensor makes it susceptible to an EM process that could affect its function. A mapping capability is provided allowing analysis to be passed between the two engines. Three different types of dependency‐based quantitative engine designs have been developed and evaluated. The first quantitative engine design focuses on modeling components at their output level and propagating level values from component to component, component to sub‐system, etc. The second quantitative engine design focuses on modeling components at the node level so as to identify key components, sub‐systems, etc. in terms of their overall dependency to the design. The third engine employs a hybrid of the previous two approaches and was identified through feedback from designers. These engines are designed to be complimentary with the node‐based and hybrid approaches being used to identify the key capabilities and dependencies of the design. The output‐based approach is then used to explore in greater detail the outputs and dependencies of the components and sub‐systems identified as key via the node/hybrid‐based approach. The proposed CAPS architecture has been initially evaluated against a large collaborative design task involving the design of a helicopter's electrical, hydraulic, structural and mechanical systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotubular Heterostructure of Tin Dioxide/Titanium Dioxide as a Binder‐Free Anode in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Kim Myungjun , Lee Joobong , Lee Seonhee , Seo Seongrok , Bae Changdeuck , Shin Hyunjung 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2), tin dioxide (SnO2), and heterostructured TiO2/SnO2 nanotube (NT) arrays have been fabricated by template‐assisted atomic‐layer deposition (ALD) for use as anodes in a lithium‐ion battery (LIB). TiO2 NT arrays with 8 nm thick walls showed higher capacity (≈250 mA h g−1 after the 50th cycle at a rate of C/10) than the typical theoretical capacity of bulk TiO2 and a radically improved capacity retention property upon cycling. SnO2 NT arrays with different wall thicknesses (8, 10, 13, and 20 nm) were also fabricated and their electrochemical performances were measured. All of the SnO2 NT arrays showed substantially higher initial irreversible capacity and higher reversible capacity than those of bulk TiO2. Thinner walls of the SnO2 NTs result in better capacity retention. Heterotubular structures of TiO2 (5 nm)/SnO2 (10 nm)/TiO2 (5 nm) were successfully fabricated, and displayed a sufficiently high capacity (≈300 mA h g−1 after 50 cycles) with exceptionally improved cycling performance up to the 50th cycle.
Flux Crystal Growth of the Ternary Polygermanide LaPtGe2, a p‐Type Metal
Authors: Bugaris Daniel E. , Sturza Mihai , Han Fei , Im Jino , Chung Duck Young , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLarge plate crystals of LaPtGe2 have been grown by using an inert indium metal flux. This compound crystallizes in the CeNiSi2‐type structure (orthorhombic space group Cmcm) with lattice parameters a = 4.3770(9) Å, b = 17.186(3) Å, and c = 4.3942(9) Å. The structure of LaPtGe2 is a three‐dimensional framework with alternating PbO‐type layers of PtGe and infinite Ge chains, separated by La atoms. Electrical resistivity and Hall effect measurements characterize LaPtGe2 as a metal with holes that act as the charge carriers. Strong temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient and a violation of Kohler's rule (from magnetoresistance data) both indicate possible multiband effects. The electronic structure calculations suggest the metallic nature of LaPtGe2 and show that the strongest bonding exists between Pt and Ge within the PbO‐type layers.
Room‐Temperature Hydrogenation of Citral Catalyzed by Palladium–Silver Nanocrystals Supported on SnO2
Authors: Wang Shuo , Shen Rongan , Chen Zheng , Wang Jiaxi , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe have developed two strategies to optimize Pd catalysts. On one hand, Ag was introduced into Pd and then they were applied to the selective hydrogenation of citral under mild conditions. The addition of metallic Ag could tune the selectivity of Pd and made it suitable for the selective hydrogenation of the conjugated double bond. The selectivity of citronellal increased from 0 (for Pd/C and Pd0.7Ag0.3/C) to 96 % (for Pd0.4Ag0.6/C) as the Ag content increased. On the other hand, the addition of SnO2 made the Pd catalysts more inclined to activate the C=O bond and gave better performance for the hydrogenation of the conjugated double bond compared with the corresponding Pd–Ag catalysts. The selectivity of citronellal increased from 0 (for Pd0.7Ag0.3/C) to 76 % (for Pd0.7Ag0.3–SnO2/C was used) after the addition of SnO2. On the basis of these results, we developed a catalyst (Pd0.6Ag0.4–SnO2/C) with the best catalytic performance for the selective hydrogenation of citral (the conversion of citral reached 99 %, and the selectivity was up to 96 %).