bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Smectic Liquid Crystallinity on Lamellar Microdomain Structure in a Main‐Chain Liquid Crystal Block Copolymer Fiber
Authors: Koga Maito , Sato Kazunori , Kang Sungmin , Sakajiri Koichi , Watanabe Junji , Tokita Masatoshi 
Published: August 2013

The microlamellar and smectic liquid crystal (LC) structures of a block copolymer of a main‐chain LC polyester connected at both ends with poly(ethyl methacrylate) are investigated by fiber X‐ray scattering. In the as‐spun fiber, the lamellae are parallel to the fiber axis, while the smectic layers are perpendicular to it. Annealing the as‐spun fiber at a temperature higher than the isotropization temperature (Ti) of the LC segment preserves the lamellae, but the LC structure disappears. Further annealing the fiber at T < Ti improves the lamellar stacking coherence and aligns the smectic layers parallel to the lamellae. In contrast, annealing the as‐spun fiber at T < Ti conserves the smectic layers and arranges the lamellae in parallel to the smectic layers. Thus, the liquid crystallinity affects the lamellar ordering and orientation.
image
Population‐specific frequencies for LRRK2 susceptibility variants in the genetic epidemiology of Parkinson's disease (GEO‐PD) consortium
Authors: Heckman Michael G. , Soto‐Ortolaza Alexandra I. , Aasly Jan O. , Abahuni Nadine , Annesi Grazia , Bacon Justin A. , Bardien Soraya , Bozi Maria , Brice Alexis , Brighina Laura , Carr Jonathan , Chartier‐Harlin Marie‐Christine , Dardiotis Efthimios , Dickson Dennis W. , Diehl Nancy N. , Elbaz Alexis , Ferrarese Carlo , Fiske Brian , Gibson J. Mark , Gibson Rachel , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Hattori Nobutaka , Ioannidis John P.A. , Boczarska‐Jedynak Magdalena , Jasinska‐Myga Barbara , Jeon Beom S. , Kim Yun Joong , Klein Christine , Kruger Rejko , Kyratzi Elli , Lesage Suzanne , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Lynch Timothy , Maraganore Demetrius M. , Mellick George D. , Mutez Eugénie , Nilsson Christer , Opala Grzegorz , Park Sung Sup , Petrucci Simona , Puschmann Andreas , Quattrone Aldo , Sharma Manu , Silburn Peter A. , Sohn Young Ho , Stefanis Leonidas , Tadic Vera , Theuns Jessie , Tomiyama Hiroyuki , Uitti Ryan J. , Valente Enza Maria , Van Broeckhoven Christine , van de Loo Simone , Vassilatis Demetrios K. , Vilariño‐Güell Carles , White Linda R. , Wirdefeldt Karin , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Wu Ruey‐Meei , Hentati Faycal , Farrer Matthew J. , Ross Owen A. ,   on behalf of the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO‐PD) Consortium
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundVariants within the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 gene are recognized as the most frequent genetic cause of Parkinson's disease. Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 variation related to disease susceptibility displays many features that reflect the nature of complex, late‐onset sporadic disorders like Parkinson's disease.MethodsThe Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease Consortium recently performed the largest genetic association study for variants in the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 gene across 23 different sites in 15 countries.ResultsHerein, we detail the allele frequencies for the novel risk factors (p.A419V and p.M1646T) and the protective haplotype (p.N551K‐R1398H‐K1423K) nominated in the original publication. Simple population allele frequencies not only can provide insight into the clinical relevance of specific variants but also can help genetically define patient groups.ConclusionsEstablishing individual patient‐based genomic susceptibility profiles that incorporate both risk factors and protective factors will determine future diagnostic and treatment strategies. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Clinical presentation and early evolution of spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay
Authors: Duquette Antoine , Brais Bernard , Bouchard Jean‐Pierre , Mathieu Jean 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundAutosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix‐Saguenay (ARSACS) is an increasingly recognized form of spastic ataxia worldwide, but early diagnosis remains a challenge.MethodsWe reviewed the initial presentation (n = 40) and early clinical evolution (n = 50) of a large ARSACS cohort that was followed at the Saguenay Neuromuscular clinic.ResultsThe average age at presentation was 3.41 ± 1.55 years. Increased deep tendon reflexes were more common than spasticity initially, and the neuropathy only became apparent clinically in the second decade. Despite a homogeneous genetic background, some patients showed no signs of neuropathy or spasticity by the age of 18 years.ConclusionsAt presentation, ARSACS lacks certain features that are considered typical in adults after years of evolution. Considering that ARSACS is probably under‐diagnosed, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of early onset ataxias with or without pyramidal features and is worthwhile to consider in older patients, even when some features are absent. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A short proof of the generalized Bonnet theorem
Authors: Kanbay Filiz 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn three‐dimensional Euclidean space E3, the Bonnet theorem says that a curve on a ruled surface in three‐dimensional Euclidean space, having two of the following properties, has also a third one, namely, it can be a geodesic, that it can be the striction line, and that it cuts the generators under constant angle. In this work, in n dimensional Euclidean space En, a short proof of the theorem generalized for (k + 1) dimensional ruled surfaces by Hagen in is given. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint analysis of stochastic processes with application to smoking patterns and insomnia
Authors: Luo Sheng 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article proposes a joint modeling framework for longitudinal insomnia measurements and a stochastic smoking cessation process in the presence of a latent permanent quitting state (i.e., ‘cure’). We use a generalized linear mixed‐effects model and a stochastic mixed‐effects model for the longitudinal measurements of insomnia symptom and for the smoking cessation process, respectively. We link these two models together via the latent random effects. We develop a Bayesian framework and Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to obtain the parameter estimates. We formulate and compute the likelihood functions involving time‐dependent covariates. We explore the within‐subject correlation between insomnia and smoking processes. We apply the proposed methodology to simulation studies and the motivating dataset, that is, the Alpha‐Tocopherol, Beta‐Carotene Lung Cancer Prevention study, a large longitudinal cohort study of smokers from Finland. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phanerozoic surface history of the Slave craton
Authors: Ault Alexis K. , Flowers Rebecca M. , Bowring Samuel A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNew apatite (U‐Th)/He (AHe) thermochronometry data and key geologic constraints from Slave craton kimberlites are used to develop a model for the Phanerozoic burial, unroofing, and hypsometric history of the northwestern Canadian shield. AHe dates range from 210 ± 13 to 382 ± 79 Ma, are older in the eastern Slave craton and decrease westward, and resolve the spatial extent, thickness, and history of now‐denuded sedimentary units. Results indicate Paleozoic heating to temperatures ≥85–90°C, suggesting regional burial beneath ≥2.8 km of strata while the region was at sea level, followed by the westward migration of unroofing across the craton. This Paleozoic‐Mesozoic history does not correlate with sea level change, instead requiring Paleozoic subsidence of the craton followed by surface uplift. The AHe data restrict Cretaceous burial to ≤1.6 km, followed by unroofing, Eocene terrestrial sediment deposition, and removal of Phanerozoic sedimentary cover across the region by present day. The craton underwent ≥300 m of post‐100 Ma elevation gain, based on ~100 Ma marine sedimentary xenoliths entrained in ~75–45 Ma kimberlites at modern elevations of 550–600 m. The transition from Paleozoic‐Mesozoic subsidence to surface uplift may signal a change from predominantly northern (Franklinian‐Innuitian) to western (Canadian Cordillera) plate boundary controls on continental interior processes, with the latter driving the east‐to‐west wave of unroofing. Canadian Cordillera evolution also affected the Cretaceous‐early Tertiary history. Dynamic topography due to changing mantle flow regimes and proximity to sediment sources influenced the Phanerozoic surface evolution of the northwestern Canadian shield.
An upper size of vertical axis wind turbines
Authors: Ottermo F. , Bernhoff H. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe scaling behaviour of a straight‐bladed vertical axis wind turbine is considered. A scaling scheme is described that, in the presence of a wind shear profile, aims at leaving the material stresses of the scaled construction unchanged. On the basis of a recent 200 kW three‐bladed H‐rotor design, a structural upper size of the turbine is proposed, this size being the scale at which the gravitational force starts to become important. As gravity has a much worse scaling behaviour than the aerodynamic and centrifugal forces, the construction work will become increasingly more difficult above this scale. The upper size is estimated to be around 30 MW. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strong signatures of right-handed compositeness
Authors: Redi Michele , Sanz Veronica , de Vries Maikel , Weiler Andreas 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRight-handed light quarks could be significantly composite, yet compatible with experimental searches at the LHC and precision tests on Standard Model couplings. In these scenarios, that are motivated by flavor physics, one expects large cross sections for the production of new resonances coupled to light quarks. We study experimental strong signatures of right-handed compositeness at the LHC, and constrain the parameter space of these models with recent results by ATLAS and CMS. We show that the LHC sensitivity could be significantly improved if dedicated searches were performed, in particular in multijet signals.
Nontargeted Lipidomic Characterization of Porcine Organs Using Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography and Off‐Line Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cífková Eva , Holčapek Michal , Lísa Miroslav 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLipids form a significant part of animal organs and they are responsible for important biological functions, such as semi‐permeability and fluidity of membranes, signaling activity, anti‐inflammatory processes, etc. We have performed a comprehensive nontargeted lipidomic characterization of porcine brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, spinal cord, spleen, and stomach using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) to describe the representation of individual lipid classes in these organs. Detailed information on identified lipid species inside classes are obtained based on relative abundances of deprotonated molecules [M−H]−in the negative‐ion ESI mass spectra, which provides important knowledge on phosphatidylethanolamines and their different forms of fatty acyl linkage (ethers and plasmalogens), phosphatidylinositols, and hexosylceramides containing nonhydroxy‐ and hydroxy‐fatty acyls. The detailed analysis of identified lipid classes using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography in the second dimension was performed for porcine brain to determine more than 160 individual lipid species containing attached fatty acyls of different acyl chain length, double‐bond number, and positions on the glycerol skeleton. The fatty acid composition of porcine organs is determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after the transesterification with sodium methoxide.
Fatty Acid Profile of the Initial Oral Biofilm (Pellicle): an In‐Situ Study
Authors: Reich Marco , Kümmerer Klaus , Al‐Ahmad Ali , Hannig Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe first step of bioadhesion on dental surfaces is the formation of the acquired pellicle. This mainly acellular layer is formed instantaneously on all solid surfaces exposed to oral fluids. It is composed of proteins, glycoproteins and lipids. However, information on the lipid composition is sparse. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty acid (FA) profile of the in‐situ pellicle for the first time. Furthermore, the impact of rinses with safflower oil on the pellicle's FA composition was investigated. Pellicles were formed in situ on bovine enamel slabs mounted on individual upper jaw splints. The splints were carried by ten subjects over durations of 3–240 min. After comprehensive sample preparation, gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC–EI/MS) was used in order to characterize qualitatively and quantitatively a wide range of FA (C12–C24). The relative FA profiles of the pellicle samples gained from different subjects were remarkably similar, whereas the amount of FA showed significant interindividual variability. An increase in FA in the pellicle was observed over time. The application of rinses with safflower oil resulted in an accumulation of its specific FA in the pellicle. Pellicle formation is a highly selective process that does not correlate directly with salivary composition, as shown for FA.
Physicochemical Properties and Minor Lipid Components of Soybean Germ
Authors: Yu Dianyu , Elfalleh Walid , He Shenghua , Ma Ying , Jiang Lianzhou , Li Lin , Hu Lizhi , Zhang Jianing 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study aimed to determine and to compare the main phytochemicals from soybean and soybean germ of different Chinese varieties. The results indicate that the soybean germ contains low protein (38.19 %), lipids (10.98 %), and crude fiber (7.47 %) compared with soybean. Specific gravity, refractive index, and saponification values of soybean germ oil were comparable to those of soybean oil. However, unsaponifiable matter of the germ oil was significantly higher (6.982 %) than soybean oil (1.072 %). The tocopherol contents in soybean germ oil ranged as follows: γ‐tocopherol, 176.39 mg/100 g oil; δ‐tocopherol, 57.29 mg/100 g oil; α‐tocopherol, 50.67 mg/100 g oil; and β‐tocopherol, 8.15 mg/100 g oil. The main sterols in soy germ oil were β‐sitosterol (1,681.90 mg/100 g oil), crevesterol (358.02 mg/100 g oil), stigmasterol (189.62 mg/100 g oil), and brassicasterol (3.70 mg/100 g oil). Furthermore, soybean germ oil seemed to be an important source of triglyceride, fatty acids, and particularly the fatty acids in the sn‐2 position of triacylglycerol. The important nutritional value of all these phytochemicals makes soybean germ and particularly germ oil sources of functional molecules and additives for the food industry.
Getting to 70%: Barriers to modern contraceptive use for women in Rwanda
Authors: Brunie Aurélie , Tolley Elizabeth E. , Ngabo Fidèle , Wesson Jennifer , Chen Mario 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo identify reasons for non‐use of modern family planning in Rwanda, to examine specific barriers to contraception, and to explore psychosocial factors influencing modern contraceptive use.MethodsIn total, 637 in‐union, parous, and non‐pregnant women aged 21–49 years participated in a cross‐sectional community‐based survey in 5 districts. In‐depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with 54 women and 27 male partners. Multivariate logistic regression examined correlates of current non‐use. IDI transcripts were analyzed independently and compared thematically with survey findings.ResultsOverall, 50% of survey respondents were using a modern method. Fertility‐ and partner‐related variables were key correlates of non‐use. The most commonly reported reasons for non‐use were related to perceived fecundity. Men were mostly supportive of contraceptive use and had an important role in a woman's decision to use contraception. Women's IDIs revealed misperceptions about fertility leading to gaps in contraceptive coverage, particularly postpartum. Those IDIs also highlighted how provider practices, including screening for pregnancy through direct observation of menses, may hamper contraceptive use.ConclusionProgrammatic recommendations include increasing information efforts aimed at men; developing effective messages about postpartum risk of pregnancy and training providers on postpartum contraceptive eligibility and needs; and reinforcing use of alternative pregnancy‐screening methods.
How information systems help create OM capabilities: Consequents and antecedents of operational absorptive capacity
Authors: Setia Pankaj , Patel Pankaj C. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn contemporary business environments, the ability to manage operational knowledge is an important predictor of organizational competitiveness. Organizations invest large sums in various types of information technologies (ITs) to manage operational knowledge. Because of their superior storage, processing and communication capabilities, ITs offer technical platforms to build knowledge management (KM) capabilities. However, merely acquiring ITs are not sufficient, and organizations must structure information system (IS) designs to leverage ITs for building KM capabilities. We study how technical and strategic IS designs enhance operational absorptive capacity (OAC) – the KM capability of an operations management (OM) department. Specifically, we use a capabilities perspective of absorptive capacity to examine potential absorptive capacity (POAC) and realized absorptive capacity (ROAC) capabilities – the two OAC capabilities that create and utilize knowledge, respectively. Our theory proposes that integrated IS capability, – an aspect of technical IS design – is an antecedent of POAC and ROAC capabilities, and business‐IT alignment – an aspect of strategic IS design – moderates the relationship between integrated IS capability and ROAC capability. Combining data gleaned from a multi‐respondent survey with archival data from COMPUSTAT, we test our hypotheses using a dataset from 153 manufacturing organizations. By proposing that IS design enables an OM department's KM processes, i.e., the POAC and ROAC capabilities, our interdisciplinary theoretical framework opens the “black box” of OAC and contributes to improved understanding of IS and OM synergies. We offer a detailed discussion of our contributions to the literature at the IS‐OM interface and implications for practitioners.
Relationship between temporal and spatial averages in grid turbulence
Authors: Djenidi L. , Tardu S. F. , Antonia R. A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA long-time direct numerical simulation (DNS) based on the lattice Boltzmann method is carried out for grid turbulence with the view to compare spatially averaged statistical properties in planes perpendicular to the mean flow with their temporal counterparts. The results show that the two averages become equal a short distance downstream of the grid. This equality indicates that the flow has become homogeneous in a plane perpendicular to the mean flow. This is an important result, since it confirms that hot-wire measurements are appropriate for testing theoretical results based on spatially averaged statistics. It is equally important in the context of DNS of grid turbulence, since it justifies the use of spatial averaging along a lateral direction and over several realizations for determining various statistical properties. Finally, the very good agreement between temporal and spatial averages validates the comparison between temporal (experiments) and spatial (DNS) statistical properties. The results are also interesting because, since the flow is stationary in time and spatially homogeneous along lateral directions, the equality between the two types of averaging provides strong support for the ergodic hypothesis in grid turbulence in planes perpendicular to the mean flow.
Effect of hinged leaflets on vortex pair generation
Authors: Das Prashant , Govardhan R. N. , Arakeri J. H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe experimentally study the effect of having hinged leaflets at the jet exit on the formation of a two-dimensional counter-rotating vortex pair. A piston–cylinder mechanism is used to generate a starting jet from a high-aspect-ratio channel into a quiescent medium. For a rigid exit, with no leaflets at the channel exit, the measurements at a central plane show that the trailing jet in the present case is never detached from the vortex pair, and keeps feeding into the latter, unlike in the axisymmetric case. Passive flexibility is introduced in the form of rigid leaflets or flaps that are hinged at the exit of the channel, with the flaps initially parallel to the channel walls. The experimental arrangement closely approximates the limiting case of a free-to-rotate rigid flap with negligible structural stiffness, damping and flap inertia, as these limiting structural properties permit the largest flap openings. Using this arrangement, we start the flow and measure the flap kinematics and the vorticity fields for different flap lengths and piston velocity programs. The typical motion of the flaps involves a rapid opening and a subsequent more gradual return to its initial position, both of which occur when the piston is still moving. The initial opening of the flaps can be attributed to an excess pressure that develops in the channel when the flow starts, due to the acceleration that has to be imparted to the fluid slug between the flaps. In the case with flaps, two additional pairs of vortices are formed because of the motion of the flaps, leading to the ejection of a total of up to three vortex pairs from the hinged exit. The flaps’ length (${L}_{f} $) is found to significantly affect flap motions when plotted using the conventional time scale$L/ d$, where$L$is the piston stroke and$d$is the channel width. However, with a newly defined time scale based on the flap length ($L/ {L}_{f} $), we find a good collapse of all the measured flap motions irrespective of flap length and piston velocity for an impulsively started piston motion. The maximum opening angle in all these impulsive velocity program cases, irrespective of the flap length, is found to be close to 15°. Even though the flap kinematics collapses well with$L/ {L}_{f} $, there are differences in the distribution of the ejected vorticity even for the same$L/ {L}_{f} $. Such a redistribution of vorticity can lead to important changes in the overall properties of the flow, and it gives us a better understanding of the importance of exit flexibility in such flows.