bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission Properties of Atypical Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: a Clue to Disease Etiology?
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Parchi Piero , Yamada Masahito , Brown Paul , Saverioni Daniela , Matsuura Yuichi , Takeuchi Atsuko , Mohri Shirou , Kitamoto Tetsuyuki 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The genotype at polymorphic codon 129 of the
PRNP
gene has a profound influence on both phenotypic expression and prion strain susceptibility in humans. For example, while the most common sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) subtype, sporadic CJD-MM1 (M1 strain), induces a single phenotype after experimental transmission regardless of the codon 129 genotype of the recipient animal, the phenotype elicited by sporadic CJD-VV2 (V2 strain), the second most common subtype, varies according to the host codon 129 genotype. In particular, the propagation of the V2 strain in codon 129 methionine homozygotes has been linked only to acquired forms of CJD such as plaque-type dura mater graft-associated CJD (dCJD), a subgroup of iatrogenic CJD with distinctive phenotypic features, but has never been observed in sporadic CJD cases. In the present report, we describe atypical CJD cases carrying codon 129 methionine homozygosity, in a neurosurgeon and in a patient with a medical history of neurosurgery without dural grafting, showing the distinctive phenotypic features and transmission properties of plaque-type dCJD. These findings raise the possibility that the two cases, previously thought to represent sporadic CJD, might actually represent acquired CJD caused by infection with the V2 strain. Thus, careful analyses of phenotypic features and transmission properties in atypical cases may be useful to distinguish acquired from sporadic cases of CJD.

IMPORTANCE
Susceptibility to and phenotypic expression of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) depend on both the prion strain and genotype at polymorphic codon 129 of the
PRNP
gene. For example, propagation of the second most common sporadic CJD strain (V2 strain) into codon 129 methionine homozygotes has been linked to plaque-type dura mater graft-associated CJD (dCJD), a subgroup of iatrogenic CJD with distinctive phenotypic features, but has never been observed in sporadic CJD. In the present report, we describe atypical CJD cases in a neurosurgeon and in a patient with a medical history of neurosurgery without dural grafting, showing the distinctive phenotypic features and transmission properties of plaque-type dCJD. These findings raise the possibility that the two cases, previously considered to represent sporadic CJD, might actually represent acquired CJD caused by infection with the V2 strain.
The Susceptibility of Primate Lentiviruses to Nucleosides and Vpx during Infection of Dendritic Cells Is Regulated by CA
Authors: Barateau Véronique , Nguyen Xuan-Nhi , Bourguillault Fanny , Berger Grégory , Cordeil Stéphanie , Cimarelli Andrea 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT

The block toward human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of dendritic cells (DCs) can be relieved by Vpx (viral protein X), which degrades sterile alpha motif-hydroxylase domain 1 (SAMHD1) or by exogenously added deoxynucleosides (dNs), lending support to the hypothesis that SAMHD1 acts by limiting deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). This notion has, however, been questioned. We show that while dNs and Vpx increase the infectivity of HIV-1, only the latter restores the infectivity of a simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques variant, SIV
MAC
ΔVpx virus. This distinct behavior seems to map to CA, suggesting that species-specific CA interactors modulate infection of DCs.
An index for quantifying female education and child health in emerging economies
Authors: Rodríguez Martín José Antonio , Holgado Molina María del Mar , Salinas Fernández José Antonio 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTo construct an index to measure female education and child health in the least developed countries (LDCs) of Asia.Methods and resultsThe design of our index includes the variables of female education and child health defined in the goals of the Millennium Declaration. For this purpose, we used Pena's P2distance method for 2011, the last year for which data were available for the set of variables.ConclusionWe have proposed a territorial measure and classification of female education and child health in the LDCs of Asia. We believe that the most striking differences between countries relate to basic female education variables such as girls’ primary completion rate, and female literacy.
CLINICAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE WRIST WITHOUT OSTEOARTHRITIS AND ITS RELATIONS TO AGE AND SEX IN JAPANESE
Authors: Katayama Takeshi , Ono Hiroshi , Furuta Kazuhiko , Akahane Manabu , Omokawa Shohei 
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify a clinical radiographic features containing the measurements of carpal alignment, configuration, and joint space width of the wrist without osteoarthritis (OA) in Japanese. We also aimed to analyse age-related correlations in these parameters with reference to the difference between men and women.A total of 184 cases were analysed to establish the following relations: (1) Sex-related differences in the morphology and joint space width of the wrist without OA; (2) correlation coefficient between these parameters and age according to sex.This study suggests that carpal height ratio (CHR) was higher in men than in women. Also the ulnar variance (UV) increased and the radial inclination (RI) decreased with age in both men and women, and the volar tilt (VT) decreased with age in women.
Analysis of a Fractal Boundary: The Graph of the Knopp Function
Authors: Ben Slimane Mourad , Mélot Clothilde 
Published: January 2015

A usual classification tool to study a fractal interface is the computation of its fractal dimension. But a recent method developed by Y. Heurteaux and S. Jaffard proposes to compute either weak and strong accessibility exponents or localLpregularity exponents (the so-calledp-exponent). These exponents describe locally the behavior of the interface. We apply this method to the graph of the Knopp function which is defined forx∈0, 1asFx=∑j=0∞2-αjϕ2jx, where0<α<1andϕx=distx, z. The Knopp function itself has everywhere the samep-exponentα. Nevertheless, using the characterization of the maxima and minima done by B. Dubuc and S. Dubuc, we will compute thep-exponent of the characteristic function of the domain under the graph ofFat each point(x, F(x))and show thatp-exponents, weak and strong accessibility exponents, change from point to point. Furthermore we will derive a characterization of the local extrema of the function according to the values of these exponents.
Progress in interventional cardiology: challenges for the future
Authors: Liehn Elisa , Militaru Constantin , Vogt Felix , Simsekyilmaz Sakine 
Published: January 2015

SummaryCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the western and developing countries. Percutaneous transluminal coronary interventions have become the most prevalent treatment option for coronary artery disease; however, due to serious complications, such as stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis (ISR), the efficacy and safety of the procedure remain important issues to address. Strategies to overcome these aspects are under extensive investigation. In this review, we summarise relevant milestones during the time to overcome these limitations of coronary stents, such as the development of polymer-free drug-eluting stents (DES) to avoid pro-inflammatory response due to the polymer coating or the developement of stents with cell-directing drugs to, simultaneously, improve re-endothelialisation and inhibit ISR amongst other techniques most recently developed, which have not fully entered the clinical stage. Also the novel concept of fully biodegradable DES featured by the lack of a permanent foreign body promises to be a beneficial and applicable tool to restore a natural vessel with maintained vasomotion and to enable optional subsequent surgical revascularisation.
Variable Activation of the DNA Damage Response Pathways in Patients Undergoing Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Hee Lee Won , Nguyen Patricia , Hu Shijun , Liang Grace , Ong Sang-Ging , Han Leng , Sanchez-Freire Veronica , Lee Andrew S. , Vasanawala Minal , Segall George , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: January 2015

Background—
Although single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT MPI) has improved the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with suspected coronary artery disease, it remains a primary source of low-dose radiation exposure for cardiac patients. To determine the biological effects of low-dose radiation from SPECT MPI, we measured the activation of the DNA damage response pathways using quantitative flow cytometry and single-cell gene expression profiling.

Methods and Results—
Blood samples were collected from patients before and after SPECT MPI (n=63). Overall, analysis of all recruited patients showed no marked differences in the phosphorylation of proteins (H2AX, protein 53, and ataxia telangiectasia mutated) after SPECT. The majority of patients also had either downregulated or unchanged expression in DNA damage response genes at both 24 and 48 hours post-SPECT. Interestingly, a small subset of patients with increased phosphorylation had significant upregulation of genes associated with DNA damage, whereas those with no changes in phosphorylation had significant downregulation or no difference, suggesting that some patients may potentially be more sensitive to low-dose radiation exposure.

Conclusions—
Our findings showed that SPECT MPI resulted in a variable activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Although only a small subset of patients had increased protein phosphorylation and elevated gene expression postimaging, continued care should be taken to reduce radiation exposure to both the patients and operators.
Risk Profiles for Aortic Dissection and Ruptured or Surgically Treated Aneurysms: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Landenhed Maya , Engström Gunnar , Gottsäter Anders , Caulfield Michael P. , Hedblad Bo , Newton‐Cheh Christopher , Melander Olle , Smith J. Gustav 
Published: January 2015

Background

Community screening to guide preventive interventions for acute aortic disease has been recommended in high‐risk individuals. We sought to prospectively assess risk factors in the general population for aortic dissection (
AD
) and severe aneurysmal disease in the thoracic and abdominal aorta.

Methods and Results

We studied the incidence of
AD
and ruptured or surgically treated aneurysms in the abdominal (
AAA
) or thoracic aorta (
TAA
) in 30 412 individuals without diagnosis of aortic disease at baseline from a contemporary, prospective cohort of middle‐aged individuals, the Malmö Diet and Cancer study. During up to 20 years of follow‐up (median 16 years), the incidence rate per 100 000 patient‐years at risk was 15 (95%
CI
11.7 to 18.9) for
AD
, 27 (95%
CI
22.5 to 32.1) for
AAA
, and 9 (95%
CI
6.8 to 12.6) for
TAA
. The acute and in‐hospital mortality was 39% for
AD
, 34% for ruptured
AAA
, and 41% for ruptured
TAA
. Hypertension was present in 86% of individuals who subsequently developed
AD
, was strongly associated with incident
AD
(hazard ratio [
HR
] 2.64, 95%
CI
1.33 to 5.25), and conferred a population‐attributable risk of 54%. Hypertension was also a risk factor for
AAA
with a smaller effect. Smoking (
HR
5.07, 95%
CI
3.52 to 7.29) and high apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio (
HR
2.48, 95%
CI
1.73 to 3.54) were strongly associated with
AAA
and conferred a population‐attributable risk of 47% and 25%, respectively. Smoking was also a risk factor for
AD
and
TAA
with smaller effects.

Conclusions

This large prospective study identified distinct risk factor profiles for different aortic diseases in the general population. Hypertension accounted for more than half of the population risk for
AD
, and smoking for half of the population risk of
AAA
.
LABLE: A Multi-Institutional, Student-Led, Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment
Authors: Klein P. , Bonin T. A. , Newman J. F. , Turner D. D. , Chilson P. B. , Wainwright C. E. , Blumberg W. G. , Mishra S. , Carney M. , Jacobsen E. P. , Wharton S. , Newsom R. K. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper presents an overview of the Lower Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (LABLE), which included two measurement campaigns conducted at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program Southern Great Plains site in Oklahoma during 2012 and 2013. LABLE was conducted as a collaborative effort between the University of Oklahoma (OU), the National Severe Storms Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and the ARM program. LABLE can be considered unique in that it was designed as a multiphase, low-cost, multiagency collaboration. Graduate students served as principal investigators and took the lead in designing and conducting experiments aimed at examining boundary layer processes.
The main objective of LABLE was to study turbulent phenomena in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere over heterogeneous terrain using a variety of novel atmospheric profiling techniques. Several instruments from OU and LLNL were deployed to augment the suite of in situ and remote sensing instruments at the ARM site. The complementary nature of the deployed instruments with respect to resolution and height coverage provides a near-complete picture of the dynamic and thermodynamic structure of the atmospheric boundary layer. This paper provides an overview of the experiment including 1) instruments deployed, 2) sampling strategies, 3) parameters observed, and 4) student involvement. To illustrate these components, the presented results focus on one particular aspect of LABLE: namely, the study of the nocturnal boundary layer and the formation and structure of nocturnal low-level jets. During LABLE, low-level jets were frequently observed and they often interacted with mesoscale atmospheric disturbances such as frontal passages.
Dapagliflozin
Authors: Davis Portia N. , Ndefo Uche Anadu , Oliver Ashley 
Published: January 2015

Objective: To review clinical evidence for the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dapagliflozin (Farxiga-AstraZeneca), a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, as monotherapy or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Data Sources: Literature was identified through a systematic MEDLINE search of clinical trial results for dapagliflozin. Data Synthesis: Multiple controlled clinical trials have established the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of dapagliflozin as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies for type 2 diabetes. Dapagliflozin is approved by Food and Drug Administration as monotherapy or as an add-on to other glucose lowering agents including insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Dapagliflozin is effective for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
In vitro culture of stress erythroid progenitors identifies distinct progenitor populations and analogous human progenitors
Authors: Xiang Jie , Wu Dai-Chen , Chen Yuanting , Paulson Robert F. 
Published: January 2015

Key Points
Murine stress erythroid progenitors develop through a series of progenitors that express CD34, CD133, Kit, and Sca1. Human stress erythroid progenitors can be expanded using the same culture system and are predisposed to express γ-globin.
Blood Spotlight on iAMP21 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a high-risk pediatric disease
Authors: Harrison Christine J. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21) defines a distinct cytogenetic subgroup of childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Breakage-fusion-bridge cycles followed by chromothripsis and other complex structural rearrangements of chromosome 21 underlie the mechanism giving rise to iAMP21. Patients with iAMP21 are older (median age 9 years), with a low white cell count. They have a high relapse rate when treated as standard risk. Recent studies have shown improved outcome on intensive therapy. Molecular targets for therapy are being sought.
Mapping interactions between complement C3 and regulators using mutations in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Schramm Elizabeth C. , Roumenina Lubka T. , Rybkine Tania , Chauvet Sophie , Vieira-Martins Paula , Hue Christophe , Maga Tara , Valoti Elisabetta , Wilson Valerie , Jokiranta Sakari , Smith Richard J. H. , Noris Marina , Goodship Tim , Atkinson John P. , Fremeaux-Bacchi Veronique 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsC3 mutations in aHUS commonly result in impaired complement regulation, C3 consumption, and a poor renal outcome. C3 mutations tend to cluster at the protein surface and facilitate mapping of putative binding sites for the regulatory proteins.
Simulating Continuous Time Production Flows in Food Industry by Means of Discrete Event Simulation
Authors: Bursi Fabio , Ferrara Andrea , Grassi Andrea , Ronzoni Chiara 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The paper presents a new framework for carrying out simulations of continuous-time stochastic processes by exploiting a discrete event approach. The application scope of this work mainly refers to industrial production processes executed on a continuous flow of material (e.g. food and beverage industry) as well as production processes working on discrete units but characterized by a high speed flow (e.g. automated packaging lines). The proposed model, developed adopting the Discrete EVent system Specification (DEVS) formalism, defines a single generalized base unit able to represent, by means of an event scheme generated by state changes, the base behaviors needed for the modeling of a generic manufacturing unit, that is, (i) breakdowns and repairs, (ii) speed and accumulation, and (iii) throughput time. Moreover, the possibility to keep trace of additional measures of parameters related to the process and the flowing material (i.e. temperature, concentration of pollutant, and so on) is also considered. Since these parameters can change over time in a continuous manner, a specific discretization approach has been introduced to avoid the need to integrate parameter variation functions over time.
Speciation of citric acid on anatase (TiO2)–water interface and its effect on Eu(III) sorption
Authors: Kasar Sharayu , Kumar Sumit , Raut Vaibhavi Vishwajeet , Jeyakumar Subbiah , Tomar Bhupendra Singh 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Citric acid is one of the low molecular weight organic acids which are ubiquitous in nature. In this study the sorption of citric acid
at titania (anatase)/water interface was investigated using batch adsorption experiment and attenuated total reflectance – Fourier
transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) over wide experimental conditions of pH, surface loading and ionic strengths. The batch
adsorption experiment showed typical anionic characteristics; higher sorption was observed at lower pH values and sorption decreases
with increasing pH. Strong dependence of sorption on ionic strength shows formation of citrate surface species in outer-sphere binding
mode. At lower pH, ATR-FTIR spectra of aqueous citrate differs from that of sorbed citrate ions indicating lowering of
pK
a values of surface sorbed citrate compared to that present in solution. Detailed analysis of FTIR spectra of
sorbed citrate in light of that of aqueous and Ca(II)/Eu(III) complexed citrate revealed formation of an inner sphere complex of
citrate on anatase surface along with the outer sphere complex. Wavenumber difference between the asymmetric and symmetric COO
–

peaks (Δυ = 159 cm
–1) implies inner-sphere complex in bidentate bridging mode. These results help in
explaining the sorption behaviour of Eu(III) on anatase in presence of citric acid.
La flexibilidad estricta en la Lectura y la Escritura
Authors: Rodríguez Barón Constanza 
Published: January 2015

Este artículo plantea la necesidad de darle más impor- tancia a la lectura y escritura en todos los contextos académicos. Para este fin, los primeros que tenemos que involucrarnos en estas prácticas, que posteriormente serán transmitidas a los estudiantes, somos los maestros. Por otra parte, el artículo pretende hacer reflexionar a los docentes que en los colegios y pregrados no aprovechan el interés que los estudiantes tienen en la tecnología y no los guían en su uso como herramienta para fomentar la lectura. Por último, cuestiona la exclusión, que en algunos casos, las instituciones educativas ponen en práctica al no tener en cuenta la heterogenei- dad de bagaje e intereses de lectura y escritura con que llegan los estudiantes.
Revisitando la crítica a la teoría fundamentada
Authors: Escalante Gómez Eduardo 
Published: January 2015

El propósito de este artículo es examinar algunas de las críticas relacionadas con la perspectiva de investigación desde la teoría fundamentada. Al interior del enfoque interpretativista se encuentran numerosos métodos para construir conocimiento y cada uno tiene su fundamento filosófico, prácticas, y métodos de interpretación. La teoría fundamentada es una de tales metodologías. Sin embargo, ésta en particular, a veces se percibe como cercana al positivismo y al funcionalismo, que enfatiza los procedimientos metodológicos para analizar datos y generar teorías. Este artículo discute la teoría fundamentada, principalmente desde sus presupuestos filosóficos de la metodología y procede a examinar algunos de los conceptos claves asociados con este enfoque.
Análisis de percepción de marca Producto Miel de Abejas en el mercado de Bogotá
Authors: Erasso Arango Natalia , Montoya Restrepo Luz Alexandra 
Published: January 2015

La miel es un producto que, por tradición, se ha consumido en los hogares colombianos y en particular en su capital. Sin embargo, poco se ha explorado sobre las razones y los motivos que orientan, desde el comprador y desde el ofertante, la decisión de compra. Este trabajo presenta un análisis soportado en información y datos desde el interior del sector y a partir del punto de vista del consumidor, identifica la percepción que se tiene sobre el producto en el entorno de Bogotá, específicamente en las localidades con mayor ingreso per cápita. Adicionalmente, permite visualizar en qué medida se reconocen las marcas a la vez que determina a través de cuáles características se puede trabajar un desarrollo de marca para un producto nuevo en esta categoría.
La calidad, valor diferencial de la televisión informativa en el nuevo mercado de la comunicación: el caso de Colombia
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Juan Camilo , Gómez Giraldo Juan Carlos , Gutiérrez Coba Liliana María , Arango Forero Germán Antonio 
Published: January 2015

Los telediarios que triunfan, en el vorazmercado de la información, son aquellos que reconocen en la calidadperiodística un parámetro diferencial de competitividad y, por tanto, su másimportante fuente de rentabilidad. Desafortunadamente en Colombia losnoticieros de la televisión abierta no le otorgan importancia a lainvestigación propia, a la consulta diversificada de fuentes, a la búsqueda deun equilibrio informativo y al uso de elementos de contexto; todos, componentesde calidad; tal como se evidencia eneste artículo, que recoge una parte de los hallazgos de una observaciónsistemática a estos tele informativos que elaboró el Observatorio de Medios dela Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de La Sabana y financiada por laComisión Nacional de Televisión.