bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Leukocyte Concentration on the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Riboh Jonathan C. , Saltzman Bryan M. , Yanke Adam B. , Fortier Lisa , Cole Brian J. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) is hypothesized to be more suitable for intra-articular injection than leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes and rates of adverse reactions between LP-PRP and LR-PRP for this application. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were reviewed. The primary outcome was the incidence of local adverse reactions. Secondary outcomes were the changes in International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score between baseline and final follow-up measurements. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed, with a post hoc meta-regression to correct for baseline differences in WOMAC scores. Treatment rankings were based on surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities. Results: Included in the analysis were 6 randomized controlled trials (evidence level 1) and 3 prospective comparative studies (evidence level 2) with a total of 1055 patients. Injection of LP-PRP resulted in significantly better WOMAC scores than did injection of hyaluronic acid (mean difference, −21.14; 95% CI, −39.63 to −2.65) or placebo (mean difference, −17.84; 95% CI, −34.95 to −0.73). No such difference was observed with LR-PRP (mean difference, −14.28; 95% CI, −44.80 to 16.25). All treatment groups resulted in equivalent IKDC subjective scores. The SUCRA analysis showed that LP-PRP was the highest ranked treatment for both measures of clinical efficacy (WOMAC and IKDC). Finally, PRP injections resulted in a higher incidence of adverse reactions than hyaluronic acid (odds ratio, 5.63; 95% CI, 1.38-22.90), but there was no difference between LR-PRP and LP-PRP (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.05-11.93). These reactions were nearly always local swelling and pain, with a single study reporting medical side effects including syncope, dizziness, headache, gastritis, and tachycardia (17/1055 total patients). Conclusion: LP-PRP results in improved functional outcome scores compared with hyaluronic acid and placebo when used for treatment of knee osteoarthritis. LP-PRP and LR-PRP have similar safety profiles, although both induce more transient reactions than does hyaluronic acid. Adverse reactions to PRP may not be directly related to leukocyte concentration.
Prevalence of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Surgery in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Conte Stan A. , Fleisig Glenn S. , Dines Joshua S. , Wilk Kevin E. , Aune Kyle T. , Patterson-Flynn Nancy , ElAttrache Neal 
Published: April 2015

Background: While the high rate of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries in professional baseball is widely discussed in the media and medical literature, the actual prevalence of UCL reconstruction has not been documented. Hypothesis: The prevalence of UCL reconstruction will be higher among pitchers than nonpitchers, and Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers will have a higher prevalence than will minor league pitchers. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to all 30 MLB organizations. Certified athletic trainers from each team administered the questionnaire to all players in the organization, including major league players and 6 levels of minor league players. Demographic data were compared between major and minor league players. Continuous variables (age, years of professional baseball, country of origin, etc) were compared with Student t tests ( P < .05). Categorical variables (level, position, etc) were compared using chi-square analysis ( P < .05). Results: A total of 5088 professional baseball players (722 major league and 4366 minor league) participated in the survey. Pitchers represented 53% of all players, and 497 players reported at least 1 UCL reconstruction, demonstrating a prevalence rate of 10% (497 of 5088). Pitchers reported a significantly higher prevalence of UCL reconstruction (16%; 437 of 2706) than nonpitchers (3%; 60 of 2382; P < .001). Among major league pitchers, 25% (96 of 382) had a history of UCL reconstruction, while minor league pitchers showed a 15% (341 of 2324) prevalence ( P < .001). Major league pitchers were also significantly older (28.8 ± 3.9 years) than minor league pitchers (22.8 ± 3.0; P < .001). The majority of major leaguers (86%) had their UCL reconstruction as professional pitchers, whereas the majority of minor league pitchers (61%) underwent their UCL reconstruction during high school and college ( P < .001). The rates of UCL revision, prior elbow surgery, prior shoulder surgery, and types of UCL graft were similar between the major league and minor league pitchers. No difference in prevalence was shown between pitchers born in the United States versus Latin American countries. Conclusion: Pitchers have a high prevalence of UCL reconstruction in professional baseball, with 25% of major league pitchers and 15% of minor league pitchers having a history of the surgery.
Lung cancer risk by years since quitting in 30+ pack year smokers
Authors: Pinsky Paul F , Zhu Claire S , Kramer Barnett S 
Published: April 2015

Objective Current United States recommendations for low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung cancer screening limit eligibility to ever-smokers with 30+ pack-years, with former smokers eligible only within 15 years of quitting. The 15 year limit is partly based on perceived decreases in lung cancer risk as years since quitting (YSQ) increase. We examine the relationship between lung cancer risk and YSQ among 30+ pack-year former smokers. Methods In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian trial, participants aged 55–74 were randomized to screening or usual care; screened subjects received annual chest-radiographs for lung cancer screening. Subjects completed a baseline questionnaire; smoking history included average cigarettes per day and age at starting and stopping smoking. Subjects were followed 13 years. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) associated with YSQ, with YSQ treated as a time-varying covariate. The models adjusted for age and sex. Results Of 154899 subjects randomized, 27101 were former smokers with 30+ pack-years, and 69182 were never smokers. HRs relative to never smokers ranged from 30.8 (95% CI:23.4–40.5) for YSQ ≤5 to 6.4 (95% CI:5.1–8.0) for YSQ > 30. For YSQ of >10–15, >15–20, and >20–25, HRs were 14.8 (95% CI:11.9–18.2), 13.5 (95% CI:11.3–16.2), and 9.9 (95% CI: 8.1–12.0), respectively. Conclusions Lung cancer risk decreases gradually with YSQ in 30+ pack year former smokers. A range of upper limits on YSQ may be supportable for LDCT screening.
Ethical Decisions in Palliative Care
Authors: Hernández-Marrero Pablo , Pereira Sandra Martins , Carvalho Ana Sofia 
Published: April 2015

Background: Ethical decisions are part of contemporary practices in palliative care. The need of making such decisions is associated to higher burnout levels and other work related problems among healthcare professionals. Aims: As part of the project entitled “Decisions in End-of-Life Care in Spain and Portugal” (DELiCaSP), this study aims to (i) identify the most common ethical decisions made by Portuguese palliative care teams and (ii) understand how the making of such decisions relates to burnout. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted with 9 palliative care teams, using (i) questionnaires of socio-demographic and professional variables, work-related experiences, (ii) the Maslach Burnout Inventory, (iii) interviews and (iv) observations. These teams were geographically dispersed across the country, covering the North, Centrum and South regions, and heterogeneous: Five palliative care units for inpatients; three home care teams; and one hospital support team. A total of 20 interviews and 240 hours of observations were completed until reaching saturation. Results: The most common ethical decisions were related to communication issues (information disclosure of the diagnosis and prognosis), forgoing treatment and sedation. Although perceived as stressful, emotionally demanding and challenging, ethical decisions were not significantly associated with burnout. Conclusions: Making ethical decisions is not associated with higher burnout levels among professionals working in Portuguese palliative care teams. This can be explained by the interprofessional decision-making process followed by these teams, which promotes a sense of shared-decision and team-based empowerment; and by the advanced level of interdisciplinary education in palliative care that these professionals have.
Infection Control in Design and Construction Work
Authors: Collinge William H. 
Published: April 2015

Objective: To clarify how infection control requirements are represented, communicated, and understood in work interactions through the medical facility construction project life cycle. To assist project participants with effective infection control management by highlighting the nature of such requirements and presenting recommendations to aid practice. Background: A 4-year study regarding client requirement representation and use on National Health Service construction projects in the United Kingdom provided empirical evidence of infection control requirement communication and understanding through design and construction work interactions. Methods: An analysis of construction project resources (e.g., infection control regulations and room data sheets) was combined with semi-structured interviews with hospital client employees and design and construction professionals to provide valuable insights into the management of infection control issues. Results: Infection control requirements are representationally indistinct but also omnipresent through all phases of the construction project life cycle: Failure to recognize their nature, relevance, and significance can result in delays, stoppages, and redesign work. Construction project resources (e.g., regulatory guidance and room data sheets) can mask or obscure the meaning of infection control issues. Conclusions: A preemptive identification of issues combined with knowledge sharing activities among project stakeholders can enable infection control requirements to be properly understood and addressed. Such initiatives should also reference existing infection control regulatory guidance and advice.
Injury to the Posterior Tibial Tendon After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of the Medial Malleolus
Authors: DeMill Shyler L. , Bussewitz Bradly W. , Philbin Terrence M. 
Published: April 2015

The management of ankle fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been a proven method to help prevent deformity and posttraumatic arthritis. The incidence of continued ankle pain due to retained hardware after ORIF of ankle fractures has been documented. The goal of this study was to determine if the starting point for medial malleolus screw placement is associated with posterior tibial tendon (PTT) damage when performing ORIF of the medial malleolus. Patients that had ORIF of the medial malleolus and subsequent repair of the PTT with medial malleolar hardware removal were identified. Zones were established and labeled 1 through 3 as described in the literature. This template was used as an overlay on lateral ankle radiographs to analyze the position and assign zones to the medial malleolus screws. Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Three screws were found in zone 1, 11 in zone 2, and 1 in zone 3. The middle and posterior zones (zones 2 and 3) contained 80% of the screws, which may potentially cause risk to the PTT. We conclude that there is an increased probability that medial malleolar hardware in zones 2 and 3 can compromise the PTT. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Resolving the multifaceted mechanisms of the ferric chloride thrombosis model using an interdisciplinary microfluidic approach
Authors: Ciciliano Jordan C. , Sakurai Yumiko , Myers David R. , Fay Meredith E. , Hechler Beatrice , Meeks Shannon , Li Renhao , Dixon J. Brandon , Lyon L. Andrew , Gachet Christian , Lam Wilbur A. 
Published: April 2015

Key Points
The multivariate mechanism of FeCl3-induced thrombosis is rooted in colloidal chemistry, mass transfer, and biological clotting. FeCl3-induced thrombosis is mediated by charge-based binding of proteins (cell surface bound and soluble) to the Fe3+ ion.
Copper-mediated One-pot Synthesis of Trifluorostyrene Derivatives from Tetrafluoroethylene and Arylboronate
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Sakaguchi Hironobu , Saijo Hiroki , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
We developed the copper-mediated synthesis of trifluorostyrene derivatives. β-Fluorine elimination of a 2-aryl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylcopper complex, generated in situ from arylboronate, copper tert-butoxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) via carbocupration, was promoted by the addition of a Lewis acid. The present reaction system was applied to the one-pot synthesis of various trifluorostyrene derivatives, through the transmetalation–carbocupration–β-fluorine elimination sequence.
Creating art-based approaches in working life development: The shift from success to significance
Authors: Hiltunen Mirja , Rantala Pälvi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse and identify the structure of activities occurring during a series of art workshops conducted in one particular work-based community, with a view to exploring links between modern working life and the fields of art and art education. The researchers took part in the workshops as participant observers. The research showed that art-oriented activities can make different organizational cultures more visible and open to further development. Participants can apply the experience gained in art workshops to their own work practice, using it to strengthen group coherence, to express ideas better and to become more emotionally engaged in their jobs. It can foster mental strength and faith in a personal way of working, and encourage people to try things that they have not tried before.
Artikkelissa tavoitteemme on tunnistaa ja analysoida taidelähtöisen toiminnan prosessia eräässä työyhteisössä toteutetussa työpajasarjassa. Artikkeli osallistuu ajankohtaiseen keskusteluun työelämän ja taiteen sekä taidekasvatuksen suhteesta. Artikkelin kirjoittajat olivat mukana työpajoissa tutkijoina ja ­osallistuvina ­havainnoijina. Tutkimus osoitti, että taidelähtöinen toiminta voi tuoda organisaatiokulttuuria näkyväksi ja avoimeksi keskustelulle. Osallistujat voivat käyttää taidetoiminnassa kertyneitä kokemuksia ja osaamista omassa työssään. Taidetoiminta voi esimerkiksi vahvistaa työyhteisön yhteishenkeä ja parantaa ilmapiiriä, auttaa tuomaan omia ideoita esiin, ja auttaa sitoutumaan työhön paremmin. Se voi antaa luottamusta omaan tapaan tehdä työtä, ja rohkaista kokeilemaan asioita joita ei aiemmin ole ajatellut osaavansa. Taidetoiminta voi havahduttaa työyhteisöä siirtämään painopistettä ulkoisen menestyksen tavoittelun sijasta työn sisällölliseen merkityksellistämiseen.
Going commercial: Navigating student radio in a deregulated media marketplace
Authors: Reilly Brendan , Farnsworth John 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This article describes an unusual form of student instructional radio, which is organized to run as a fully commercial broadcaster. Drawing on the case of a New Zealand student station, Mode 96.1FM, we look at how it functions in a highly competitive commercial environment. The student-run station reformats itself every year and attempts to emulate the styles and success of much larger national and local commercial music stations. We investigate two aspects. First, the tensions this creates between commercial, industry and educational objectives. Second, how students become located within the commodified speech practices intrinsic to marketing and branding. We also discuss how the station attempts to reconcile these in terms of seeking out diverse listening publics.
Psychiatric disorders and Nesfatin-1<p>Psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve Nesfatin-1
Authors: Algül Şermin 
Published: April 2015

<p>Nowadays psychiatric disorders is complex group of diseases that many factors play a role in the etiology and prevalence of it's very higher. Neurotransmitters levels such as serotonin norepinefrin and dopamine in the brain is changed in case of illness. For instance Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinefrin and dopamine is decreased in depression and dopamine is increased in schizophrenia. Many of the antidepressants drugs that used in the treatment of depression leads to weight gain in patients. Nesfatin-1 is expressed that recently discovered, being an anorexigenic peptid and derived NEFA / nukleobindin2 (NUCB2) in the brain's stress-related field. Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were found to be very high psychiatric patients than normal people with. Peptids' brings to mind the idea that may be important in the prognosis of the disease which the decreased of the level of hormone following treatment process and high in case of illness. It's will provide a better understanding of the prognosis of the disease that can also be explained the effect of these hormones under stress in this disease. In future studies, to understand the antidepressants effect of nesfatin-1 the important molecular mechanisms related with the nesfatin-1 receptor should be necessary to define. In light of recent studies, it is thought that nesfatin-1 could be a important antidepressant drug in the near future.</p><p><strong>Özet </strong><br />Psikiyatrik hastalıklar günümüzde prevalansı çok yüksek olan etiyolojisinde birçok faktörün rol oynadığı yaygın ve kompleks bir hastalık grubudur. Hastalık durumunda beyinde serotonin, norepinefrin, dopamin gibi nörotransmitterlerin düzeyleri değişmektedir. Örneğin depresyonda serotonin, norepinefrin ve dopamin azalmaktayken; şizofrenide ise dopamin artmaktadır. Major depresyon tedavisinde kullanılan antidepresan ilaçların çoğu hastalarda kilo alımına yol açmaktadır. NEFA/nukleobindin2 (NUKB2)'den kaynaklanan son yıllarda keşfedilen anoreksijenik bir peptid olan nesfatin-1, beynin stresle alakalı alanlarında bulunmaktadır. Psikiyatrik hastalarda normal insanlara kıyasla plazma nesfatin-1 düzeyi çok yüksek bulunmuştur. Hastalık durumunda yüksek iken, tedavi sürecini takiben hormon seviyesinin düşmesi peptidin hastalığın prognozunda önemli olabileceği fikrini akla getirmektedir. Bu rahatsızlıklarda stres altında bu gibi hormonların etkilerinin açıklanması hastalığın prognozunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır. Gelecek çalışmalarda, nesfatin-1'in antidepresif etkisini anlamak için; nesfatin-1 reseptörleri ile ilgili önemli moleküler mekanizmaların tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Son yapılan çalışmaların ışığında, nesfatin-1'in yakın gelecekte önemli bir antidepresan ilacı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.</p>
How to define a significant deviation from the expected internal quality control result
Authors: Ceriotti Ferruccio , Brugnoni Duilio , Mattioli Sonia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInternal quality control (IQC) is an everyday practice described in several documents. Its planning requires the definition of quality goals and a documentation system able to provide alarms as soon as the goals are not reached. We propose the use of the uncertainty approach to develop an effective alarm system.The use of the uncertainty information to verify the conformity to specifications is described. A top-down approach to the definition of the uncertainty of the method is described. Once the uncertainty is calculated, the complete measurement result (result±expanded uncertainty) is compared with the maximum permissible error (quality goal). An alternative and more immediate presentation is obtained defining an “acceptance zone” derived from the maximum permissible error reduced on either sides by expanded uncertainty. This approach is applied to two analytes: glucose and creatinine.The relationship between quality goal and expanded uncertainty defines the width of the acceptance zone; if uncertainty is equal or larger than the quality goal, the goal is not attainable.The proposed approach uses an information, expanded uncertainty, that each laboratory seeking ISO 15189 accreditation should already have. The data presentation is immediate and easy to interpret allowing a direct comparison between the performance of the method and the quality goals.
Multilingual learners and foreign language acquisition: Insights into the effects of prior linguistic knowledge
Authors: de la Fuente Anahí Alba , Lacroix Hugues 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn foreign language classrooms we often find that, in addition to their mother tongue (L1), learners already speak – or are learning – at least one other language. As a result, they already have an array of linguistic and cognitive skills that may prove very useful if they are adequately exploited during the language learning process. However, in contrast with the growing interest displayed by researchers in the processes involved in the acquisition of a third or subsequent language (e.g.
Code-switching and plurilingualism in English-medium education for academic and professional purposes
Authors: Gotti Maurizio 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the process of internationalization of their teaching programmes many universities all over the world are now offering courses in English. This is a typical English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) situation in which both lecturers and students – although they are not native speakers of English – use this language as a common means of communication and instruction. This article examines communicative interactions taking place in such contexts. The data are taken from “international” courses in specialized disciplines offered by the University of Bergamo. In particular, the article examines the role of code-switching and the use of other languages employed by lecturers to explain the main specialized terms and technical concepts concerning the specific courses they are teaching. The methodology employed for the analysis of the data is mainly qualitative and is based on selected pieces of the lectures recorded. The data presented show that code-switching and the recourse to words belonging to other languages play a relevant role among the main strategies employed by both lecturers and students in the realization of their communicative efforts, and increases the degree of cooperativeness on both sides so as to guarantee a successful outcome of the specialized communication in which they are involved.