bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying High‐Quality Non‐Instrumental Dysphagia Screening Tools for Detection of Adult Dysphagia Case in Acute‐Care Settings: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chang Yu‐Chun , Wu Meng‐Shan , Siao Shu‐Fen , Wang Ming‐Jhuan , Xu Yu‐Juan , Chen Cheryl Chia‐Hui 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionAs patients nowadays tend to have multiple diseases and complex medical histories, our aim was to identify high‐quality, non‐instrumental dysphagia screening tools used for the detection of adult dysphagia cases in all disease categories in acute‐care settings.MethodA literature search was conducted in five databases from each database's earliest inception to 31 July 2021 and guided by five keywords: ‘dysphagia’, ‘deglutition’, ‘screening’, ‘test’ and ‘measure’. Without limiting the search in any specific disease category, reviewers assessed original studies and identified tools if they had been validated against instrumental evaluations and if they had been designed as a pass–fail procedure to screen whether dysphagia is absent or present. We further excluded any tool if it was (1) for pediatric focus, or (2) a patient self‐report questionnaire. All final tool candidates underwent a methodological quality appraisal using the Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS‐2).ResultOut of 195 studies with 165 tools identified, 20 tool candidates underwent QUADAS‐2 review. We found six high‐quality, non‐instrumental screening tools for detecting adult dysphagia cases in acute‐care settings, including the Yale Swallow Protocol, Gugging Swallowing Screen, Toronto Bedside Swallowing Screening Test (both English and Portuguese versions), Sapienza Global Bedside Evaluation of Swallowing and Two‐Step Thickened Water Test. These high‐quality tools were developed primarily for patients with stroke. Only Yale Swallow Protocol was originally tested for heterogeneous populations with stroke, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, oesophageal surgery, neurosurgery and head‐and‐neck cancer.ConclusionsThe results highlight the gap in the unavailability of high‐quality dysphagia screening tool in several emerged high‐risk populations including elderly inpatients, or patients following endotracheal extubation. Further research is needed to determine whether these six tools can be effectively applied across different high‐risk populations in acute‐care settings to screen for cases finding.
CLosure of Abdominal MidlineS Survey (CLAMSS): A national survey investigating current practice in the closure of abdominal midline incisions in UK surgical practice
Authors: Messenger David E. , Rajaretnam Niroshini , Slade Dominic A. J. ,   CLosure of Abdominal MidlineS Survey (CLAMSS) Collaborative, Abdominal Wall Subcommittees of the Association of Coloproctologists of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) and the British Hernia Society (BHS), The Dukes' Club
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimIncisional herniation (IH) is a frequent complication following midline abdominal closure with significant associated morbidity. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that the small bites technique (SBT) and prophylactic mesh augmentation (PMA) may reduce IH compared to mass closure techniques, but data are lacking on their implementation in contemporary surgical practice. This survey aimed to evaluate the use of the SBT and PMA and to identify factors associated with their adoption.MethodBetween 22 January 2023 and 16 March 2023, consultant surgeons across the UK were asked to complete a 25‐question survey on closure of an elective primary midline incision.ResultsResponses were received from 267 of 675 eligible surgeons (39.6%) in 38 NHS Trusts. Respondents were evenly split between tertiary centres (47.6%) and district general hospitals (49.4%). SBT and PMA were used by 19.9% and 3.0% of respondents, respectively. Compared to other techniques, surgeons using the SBT were more likely to close the anterior aponeurotic layer only, use single suture filaments, 2–0 gauge sutures and sharp needle points and routinely dissect abdominal layers to aid closure (all p < 0.001). Attendance at lectures/conferences on SBT (p = 0.043) and basing practice on available evidence (p < 0.001) were independently associated with use of the SBT. The commonest barriers to adopting SBT were a perceived lack of evidence (23.8%) and belief that personal IH rates were low (16.8%).ConclusionA minority of UK consultant surgeons have adopted the SBT or PMA. Practice change should be driven by more widespread dissemination of current evidence and procedural information.
Matilda Smith, her life and work forCurtis's Botanical Magazine
Authors: Rix Alison 
Published: June 2024

SummaryThe artist Matilda Smith (1854–1926) is probably best known for her major contribution toCurtis's Botanical Magazine,for which she drew well over 2000 plates during her career at Kew, which lasted for over forty years, from 1878–1920.
The hibernation promoting factor of Betaproteobacteria Comamonas testosteroni cannot induce 100S ribosome formation but stabilizes 70S ribosomal particles
Authors: Ueta Masami , Wada Akira , Wada Chieko 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBacteria use several means to survive under stress conditions such as nutrient depletion. One such response is the formation of hibernating 100S ribosomes, which are translationally inactive 70S dimers. In Gammaproteobacteria (Enterobacterales), 100S ribosome formation requires ribosome modulation factor (RMF) and short hibernation promoting factor (HPF), whereas it is mediated by only long HPF in the majority of bacteria. Here, we investigated the role of HPFs of Comamonas testosteroni, which belongs to the Betaproteobacteria with common ancestor to the Gammaproteobacteria. C. testosteroni has two genes of HPF homologs of differing length (CtHPF‐125 and CtHPF‐119). CtHPF‐125 was induced in the stationary phase, whereas CtHPF‐119 conserved in many other Betaproteobacteria was not expressed in the culture conditions used here. Unlike short HPF and RMF, and long HPF, CtHPF‐125 could not form 100S ribosome. We first constructed the deletion mutant of Cthpf‐125 gene. When the deletion mutant grows in the stationary phase, 70S particles were degraded faster than in the wild strain. CtHPF‐125 contributes to stabilizing the 70S ribosome. CtHPF‐125 and CtHPF‐119 both inhibited protein synthesis by transcription‐translation in vitro. Our findings suggest that CtHPF‐125 binds to ribosome, and stabilizes 70S ribosomes, inhibits translation without forming 100S ribosomes and supports prolonging life.
Pain experiences of nephrolithiasis patients planned for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A qualitative study
Authors: Deniz Doğan Sevgi , Yurtseven Şeyma , Köse Tosunöz İpek 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the pain experienced by nephrolithiasis patients scheduled for PNL and the methods of coping with pain. The qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 22 patients aged between 23 and 75 years who experienced pain due to nephrolithiasis. The data were collected between January and November 2023 using the “Personal Information Form” and “Semi‐structured Interview Form”. The content analysis was used to investigate the pain experienced by patients. Patients reported the character of pain as pulling, stabbing, scratching, swelling, pressing, and indescribable, and the intensity of the pain as the most severe pain experienced, unbearable, and killing. Patients reported the effects of the pain as tiring, immobilized, breathtaking, and appetite suppressant. The methods used by the patients were categorized under two themes: pain‐orientated and directed at the source of pain. In addition to pharmacological methods to cope with pain, patients reported hot application and distraction techniques. Patients also reported using some herbs in addition to the medical treatments recommended by the physician to reduce kidney stones to cope with the pain they experienced. In line with these results, the subjective nature of pain should not be forgotten during pain assessment, which is one of the most important steps in controlling the pain of patients with renal colic due to nephrolithiasis, and pain should be evaluated in all its dimensions. Considering that patients also use nonpharmacological methods to control this severe pain, these methods should be questioned.
Chalcogenide mid‐infrared 3 × 1 fiber combiner for highly efficient 2–5 µm power and wavelength combining
Authors: Gu Xiaonan , Qiu Tianying , Xiao Feixiang , Gao Mingkang , Qi Sisheng , Feng Xian , Tian Kangzhen , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFiber combiner is an effective device to enhance the power level or broaden the spectral wavelengths through a single monolithic output aperture, by fusing multiple fibers together. This is particularly important in mid‐infrared (MIR) 2–5 µm range, in which the output power of a single laser is limited. Due to the high MIR transmission, chalcogenide glass is an ideal host for constructing MIR fiber combiner. In this study, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a homemade 3 × 1 chalcogenide glass fiber combiner. The fiber combiner includes a 3 × 1 As–S input fiber bundle and an output fiber. The input fiber bundle was made by tapering three As–S multimode fibers with a core diameter of 200 µm and a cladding diameter of 250 µm. The taper reduction ratio R was 2, and the length of the taper transition region was ∼2 cm. The output fiber with core diameter of 360 µm and cladding diameter of 570 µm was then spliced with the tapered end of the fiber bundle. The total length of the combiner was ∼53 cm. The measurement of power combination at 4.56 µm indicated that the transmission efficiency of three ports reached 80%, whereas the power combining efficiency of the combiner was measured to be ∼48%. In addition, efficient wavelength combining over one octave has been demonstrated, by launching three different lasers at 2.1, 3.39, and 4.56 µm through the 3 × 1 combiner. It proves that chalcogenide fiber combiner is promising for the applications of high‐level power combination and broadband wavelength combining in MIR 2–5 µm range.
Psychosocial and mental impact of alopecia areata: Analysis of the Danish Skin Cohort
Authors: Clemmesen Maria Elise Ross , Gren Susanne Thiesen , Frøstrup Anne Grete , Thomsen Simon Francis , Egeberg Alexander , Thein David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractImportanceAlopecia areata (AA) carries a psychological burden for patients beyond hair loss. However, quality‐of‐life measurement tools such as EQ‐5D used in clinical trials may not adequately capture the burden of AA, the perceived stigmatization or the psychosocial impact of AA.ObjectiveTo investigate the potential association between disease severity and the degree of social isolation, perceived stigmatization, anxiety and depression, alcohol consumption and work absenteeism using multiple PRO measures in patients with AA.Design, Setting and ParticipantsUsing the Danish Skin Cohort, the study included adult patients diagnosed with AA. The study included multiple PRO measures, including Skindex‐16, EQ‐5D‐5L, Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) and the Alopecia Areata Symptom Impact Scale (AASIS). The questionnaires were dispatched to the patients in January 2023. The severity of AA was determined based on scalp involvement using a modified Alopecia Areata Scale. Multiple multivariate linear regressions were conducted using Skindex‐16, AASIS and WPAI, while multivariate logistic regressions were applied to HADS, AUDIT‐C and EQ‐5D‐5L.ResultsA total of 376 patients were included, of which 177 (47%) had severe disease, 41 (11%) had moderate disease, 94 (25%) had mild disease, and 64 (17%) were in remission. The median age of patients was 55 (IQR, 47–66 years) and most were female (70%). Skindex‐16 and AASIS were the only PRO measures able to distinguish between severity. For these scores, moderate and severe diseases, female sex, and involvement of eyebrows increased the score and negatively impacted patient quality of life.Conclusion and RelevanceThe results indicate the importance of using the proper tool for the intended measurement of quality of life and that factors such as the severity of AA, as well as female sex and involvement of the eyebrows, may potentially increase the psychosocial burden of AA.
ICE1 interacts with IDD14 to transcriptionally activate QQS to increase pollen germination and viability
Authors: Luo Landi , Zheng Yan , Li Xieshengyang , Chen Qian , Yang Danni , Gu Zhijia , Yang Ya , Yang Yunqiang , Kong Xiangxiang , Yang Yongping 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTIn flowering plants, sexual reproductive success depends on the production of viable pollen grains. However, the mechanisms by which QUA QUINE STARCH (QQS) regulates pollen development and how transcriptional activators facilitate the transcription of QQS in this process remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1), a basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factor, acts as a key transcriptional activator and positively regulates QQS expression to increase pollen germination and viability in Arabidopsis thaliana by interacting with INDETERMINATE DOMAIN14 (IDD14). In our genetic and biochemical experiments, overexpression of ICE1 greatly promoted both the activation of QQS and high pollen viability mediated by QQS. IDD14 additively enhanced ICE1 function by promoting the binding of ICE1 to the QQS promoter. In addition, mutation of ICE1 significantly repressed QQS expression; the impaired function of QQS and the abnormal anther dehiscence jointly affected pollen development of the ice1‐2 mutant. Our results also showed that the enhancement of pollen activity by ICE1 depends on QQS. Furthermore, QQS interacted with CUT1, the key enzyme for long‐chain lipid biosynthesis. This interaction both promoted CUT1 activity and regulated pollen lipid metabolism, ultimately determining pollen hydration and fertility. Our results not only provide new insights into the key function of QQS in promoting pollen development by regulating pollen lipid metabolism, but also elucidate the mechanism that facilitates the transcription of QQS in this vital developmental process.
Predictive model of IVF outcomes for polycystic ovarian morphology and polycystic ovary syndrome in GnRH antagonist protocol using AMH‐MoM and ovarian sensitivity index
Authors: Ko Yoo Ra , Yu Eun Jeong , Park Jae Eun , Park Jae Kyun , Eum Jin Hee , Kim Tae Hyung , Lee Woo Sik , Lee Hee Jun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the relationship between AMH and ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in women with PCOM and PCOS.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 559 patients who underwent the IVF‐ET cycle between January 2018 and December 2022 at Gangnam Cha Hospital. Patients were divided into 3 groups matched for age and BMI: the PCOS group (n = 54), based on the new 2023 PCOS guideline; the PCOM group (n = 53); and the control group (n = 452) with normal ovaries. Serum AMH levels were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) for each corresponding age. The ovarian sensitivity index (OSI) was calculated as the number of retrieved oocytes divided by the total dose of recombinant FSH administered (per 1000 IU).ResultsThere were significant differences in AMH‐MoM value among women with PCOS [2.7 ± 1.3 (95% CI 2.3–3.0)], those with PCOM [2.0 ± 1.0 (95% CI 1.7–2.3)], and controls [0.8 ± 0.7 (95% CI 0.8–0.9)] (p < 0.001). The abortion rates in the normoovulatory, PCOM, and PCOS groups were 18.2%, 21.1%, and 25.0%, respectively. OSI and live birth rate were positively correlated with the AMH‐MoM value in normoovulatory women (r = 0.389, p < 0.05, r = 0.122, p < 0.05), while no such correlation was observed in women with PCOM and PCOS.ConclusionsOvarian response and live birth rate are possibly correlated with the AMH‐MoM value in normoovulatory women, but not in women with PCOM and PCOS.
Towards addressing the awarding gap—Using critical race theory to contextualise the role of intersectionality in Black pharmacy student attainment
Authors: Mawdsley Andrew , Magola‐Makina Esnath , Willis Sarah C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe awarding gap between White and Black students in UK health curricula is well established. Critical race theory (CRT) is a lens to deconstruct pedagogic practice and consider the intersectionality of Black student lived experience to provide a realist critique of the phenomenon of Whiteness in higher education and the impact this has on Black attainment. Using one UK pharmacy programme as a case study, this paper aims to explore Black lived experience as a means of problematising and disrupting structural oppressions.MethodsSixteen Black students from one UK pharmacy degree programme were purposively recruited to the study. Love and breakup letter methodology (LBM) was used to facilitate sharing experiences of intersectionality in relation to their undergraduate education, with data thematically analysed through the lens of CRT.ResultsTwo meta‐themes (identity and inclusion; and cultural capital) and four subthemes (social capital; access; family expectations; and help‐seeking) were identified. The intersectionality of Black students was articulated as not possessing the social capital and the ‘language’ to succeed within the White structures of the curriculum. The conflict of capital and the absence of Black culture gave rise to confined help‐seeking behaviours. Whilst Black students experienced equality of access to the curriculum, an absence of rights to legitimate involvement (inclusion) worked to diminish participation in the curriculum.DiscussionThis is the first study to consider the intersectionality of Black pharmacy students in relation to academic awarding gaps and has found that oppressive educational structures marginalise and other Black experience. Black students experience the curriculum as a place where their social and cultural capital is undervalued, and as a White space where they lack the artefacts to succeed, leading to peripheral participation and detachment. The approach used in this study can be adopted across medical and health education as a means to problematise racial inequality through the exemplar of White:Black awarding gaps.
Surgical treatment compared with “wait and see” in patients affected by oral leukoplakia to prevent oral cancer: Preliminary data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lombardi Niccolò , Arduino Paolo G. , Lampiano Marta , Gambino Alessio , Broccoletti Roberto , Varoni Elena M. , Lodi Giovanni 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveOral leukoplakia (OL) is one of the most common and investigated oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Preventing OSCC occurrence should be the primary outcome in the clinical management of OL. Surgical removal of OL is performed by most clinicians, although its effectiveness in reducing OSCC onset has still not been established by randomized controlled trials (RCT). Wait and see approach is characterized by frequent clinical examinations and periodical biopsies of OL, avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures.This is the first multicenter RCT in literature aiming at comparing the effectiveness of surgical removal and the “wait and see” approach in preventing OSCC onset in patients affected by dysplastic and non‐dysplastic OL.MethodsTwo Italian referral care centres for oral diseases were involved in this multicenter two‐arm RCT comparing the surgical removal of OL (group A) and the “wait and see” approach (group B), with the aim of reducing oral cancer onset.ResultsThis report shows preliminary data on the first 161 patients, with a mean follow‐up of 19.14 ± 11.25 months. Eight cases of OSCC occurred (6 out 8 involving the tongue): one case in group A and seven cases in group B. Moreover, OL recurred in 13 (20%) cases after surgical excision.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this preliminary report, these initial data underline the increased risk of OSCC onset in the case of OL of the tongue in the presence of epithelial dysplasia in group B (“wait and see”) compared to group A (surgery). This RCT is currently ongoing at the same clinical departments, with the aim of enrolling 310 patients and collecting data at 5‐year follow‐up, in order to achieve conclusive results, in an evidence‐based medicine approach.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish Version of the Oral Behaviors Checklist
Authors: Yıldız Nazım Tolgahan , Kocaman Hikmet , Bingöl Hasan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Oral Behavior Checklist (OBC‐TR).Materials and MethodsThe study included 223 patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and 94 individuals without TMD. Face and content validity were analyzed. Structural (with confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]), convergent (with pain intensity, Fonseca Anamnestic Index [FAI], Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], and Oral Health Impact Profile [OHIP‐14]), divergent (with active pain‐free maximum mouth opening [MMO]), and discriminant validity were investigated to evaluate the construct validity. Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test–retest reliability were computed.ResultsFace and content validity were satisfactory. The CFA has verified the structural validity of the OBC‐TR. Strong associations between the OBC‐TR score and pain intensity (r = 0.88), FAI (r = 0.90), HADS (r = 0.82–0.86), and OHIP‐14 (r = 0.83) scores, and MMO (r = −0.85) verified the convergent and divergent validity of the OBC‐TR. Concerning discriminant validity, the OBC‐TR discriminated between patients with TMD and individuals without TMD (p < 0.05). Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.89) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.91) were satisfactory.ConclusionThe OBC‐TR is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the frequency of oral parafunctional behaviors in Turkish‐speaking patients with TMD.
Factors influencing the therapeutic effect of hyperopic correction on esotropia in patients with partially accommodative esotropia
Authors: Li Xinnan , Kang Ying , Chen Linxing , Yang Hui , Shen Tao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo collate data on partially accommodative esotropia (PAET) to better understand this condition's aetiology and to evaluate and predict the therapeutic effect of a hyperopic correction on PAET.MethodsEighty‐nine consecutive patients diagnosed with PAET with a spherical equivalent (SE) refractive error >+2.50 D were included in this retrospective review. Clinical characteristics, including gender, age, SE, angle of esodeviation, accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, near‐distance disparity (NDD) and anatomical features of the rectus muscles were compared among different PAET subgroups. Multiple linear regression was used to identify independent factors that influenced the therapeutic effect of a hyperopic correction on esotropia.ResultsNo significant differences were observed for the angle of esodeviation as a function of age in individuals with PAET. The incidence of SE in PAET participants >9 years old was significantly greater than in those <5 and 6–8 years of age. The therapeutic effect of hyperopic correction on esotropia was positively associated with SE both at distance and near. In addition, the limbus insertion distance (LID) of the lateral rectus (LR) muscle was positively associated with NDD at distance, but negatively associated at near.ConclusionA greater incidence of hyperopia was observed in older (>9 years old) PAET patients. A hyperopic correction had a greater effect on esotropia in individuals with a higher SE, larger LID of the LR muscle and a smaller NDD.