bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the OBS seafloor compliance signal removal with a stationarity and stacking-based approach: the BRUIT-FM toolbox
Authors: Rebeyrol Simon , Ker Stéphan , Duval Laurent , Crawford Wayne C 
Published: August 2024

SUMMARY
This study focuses on improving the seafloor compliance noise removal method, which relies on estimates of the compliance transfer function frequency response (the deformation of the seafloor under long-period pressure waves). We first propose a new multiscale deviation analysis of broad-band ocean–bottom seismometer data to evaluate stationarity properties that are key to the subsequent analysis. We then propose a new approach to removing the compliance noise from the vertical channel data, by stacking daily estimated transfer function frequency responses over a period of time. We also propose an automated transient event detection and data selection method based on a cross-correlation criterion. As an example, we apply the method to data from the Cascadia Initiative (network 7D2011). We find that the spectral extent of long-period forcing waves varies significantly over time so that standard daily transfer function calculation techniques poorly estimate the transfer function frequency response at the lowest frequencies, resulting in poor denoising performance. The proposed method more accurately removes noise at these lower frequencies, especially where coherence is low, reducing the mean deviation of the signal in our test case by 27 per cent or more. We also show that our calculated transfer functions can be transferred across time periods. The method should allow better estimates of seafloor compliance and help to remove compliance noise at stations with low pressure-acceleration coherence. Our results can be reproduced using the BRUIT-FM Python toolbox, available at https://gitlab.ifremer.fr/anr-bruitfm/bruit-fm-toolbox.
Mirikizumab Sustained Impact on Fatigue in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Crohn’s Disease in the Phase 2 AMAG Study
Authors: Regueiro Miguel , Fischer Monika , Bossuyt Peter , McGinnis Kim , Protic Marijana , Hunter Gibble Theresa , Panni Tommaso , Chan Lai Shan , Hibi Toshifumi , Rubin David T 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Fatigue is a burdensome, under-recognized, multidimensional symptom experienced by patients with Crohn’s disease (CD). We evaluated the impact of mirikizumab on fatigue and the association between changes in select patient-reported outcomes and clinical measures with changes in fatigue from baseline to week 104 (W104).

Methods
Patients (N = 191) were randomized (2:1:1:2) to receive placebo (PBO), 200 mg, 600 mg, or 1000 mg of mirikizumab, administered intravenously (IV) every 4 weeks at W0, W4, and W8. Patients who achieved ≥1 point improvement in Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) and received mirikizumab at W12 (rerandomized maintenance cohort) were rerandomized to continue induction IV treatment assignment (IV-C) or received 300 mg of mirikizumab subcutaneously (SC) until W52. Nonrandomized maintenance cohort had endoscopic nonimprovers (1000 mg) and PBO patients (PBO/1000 mg) who received 1000 mg of mirikizumab until W52. Subjects from the maintenance period with clinical benefit received 300 mg SC Q4W from W52 to W104. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) questionnaire was used to assess fatigue, and the FACIT-F associations were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
At W12, mirikizumab groups reported improved FACIT-F scores compared with PBO, and improvement was maintained through W52 and W104. Changes in FACIT-F at W52 and W104 had strong correlations with changes at the same time point in quality of life (QoL) scores but lacked correlations with changes in inflammatory biomarkers.

Conclusions
Mirikizumab treatment significantly improved fatigue in patients with moderately to severely active CD, which was sustained to W104. The improvement in fatigue was correlated with improvement in clinical measures and was strongly correlated with improvement in QoL.
Modeling Organismal Responses to Changing Environments
Authors: Greenlee Kendra J , Padilla Dianna K 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
Throughout their lives, organisms must integrate and maintain stability across complex developmental, morphological, and physiological systems, all while responding to changing internal and external environments. Determining the mechanisms underlying organismal responses to environmental change and development is a major challenge for biology. This is particularly important in the face of the rapidly changing global climate, increasing human populations, and habitat destruction. In January 2024, we organized a symposium to highlight some current efforts to use modeling to understand organismal responses to short- and long-term changes in their internal and external environments. Our goal was to facilitate collaboration and communication between modelers and organismal biologists, which is one of the major aims of the Organismal Systems-type Modeling Research Coordination Network, OSyM. Accompanying this introduction are a series of papers that are aimed to enhance research and education in linking organismal biology and modeling and contribute to building a new community of scientists to tackle important questions using this approach.
Law’s ideology: Neoliberalism and developmentalism in Egyptian jurisprudence
Authors: Sultany Nimer 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article contrasts neoliberal and developmental Egyptian judicial responses to questions of social justice to examine the role of law in shaping the economy. It argues that the Supreme Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence, both before and after the Arab Spring, has advanced a neoliberal counterrevolution and legitimated an anti-egalitarian and unjust social order. In contrast, administrative courts’ rulings, particularly those that challenged the privatization of public assets after the Arab Spring, represent a developmental approach that exposes neoliberal fallacies and advances social justice and the common good. Notwithstanding neoliberal invocations of constitutional legitimacy and the rule of law, the existence of an alternative within the field of legal interpretation illustrates that constitutionalism is a site for ideological contestation between opposing visions of the social order.
Regular Subgraphs of Linear Hypergraphs
Authors: Janzer Oliver , Sudakov Benny , Tomon István 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We prove that the maximum number of edges in a 3-uniform linear hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no 2-regular subhypergraph is $n^{1+o(1)}$. This resolves a conjecture of Dellamonica, Haxell, Łuczak, Mubayi, Nagle, Person, Rödl, Schacht, and Verstraëte. We use this result to show that the maximum number of edges in a $3$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices containing no immersion of a closed surface is $n^{2+o(1)}$. Furthermore, we present results on the maximum number of edges in $k$-uniform linear hypergraphs containing no $r$-regular subhypergraph.
Fluoroquinolones and the risk for incidental seizures: a comparative retrospective study
Authors: Gueta Itai , Yonath Hagith , Fluss Ronen , Oberman Bernice , Oppenheim Amit , Ozeri David , Kreiss Yitshak , Loebstein Ronen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Over the years, reports have associated fluoroquinolones (FQ) with seizures. The incidence and whether FQ compared to non-epileptogenic antibiotic are associated with increased risk of seizures has yet to be examined.

Methods
A retrospective observational study of hospitalized patients treated with FQ (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) or macrolides (MA: azithromycin or roxithromycin) between January 2009 and January 2021 in a large tertiary academic medical centre. The outcome was the occurrence of a seizure during treatment. The Naranjo scale was used to assess causality between FQ treatment and seizures. Comparative analysis was conducted using propensity score matching to correct for possible bias due to non-random selection, followed by inverse probability weighting (IPW) to estimate the difference in seizure risk between FQ and MA.

Results
Overall, 52 722 patients were treated with FQ during a total of 178 982 days. Mean age was 65 (±19) years and 47% were females. Thirty-three patients (0.06%) experienced a seizure, yielding an incidence of 1:5422 treatment days. Causality was deemed probable and possible among 9/33 and 24/33, respectively. The MA group composed of 8522 patients treated during 17 954 treatment days. Mean age was 65 (±21) years, 49% were females. Six (0.07%) patients experienced each a single seizure. IPW estimated OR for seizures among the FQ versus MA group was 1.44 (95%CI 0.59–3.5, P = 0.42).

Discussion
The incidence of FQ associated seizures among hospitalized patients is low and the risk did not significantly exceed that under macrolides. Our results provide evidence for clinicians and decision-makers when balancing fluoroquinolones risks and benefits.
Lamivudine dosing for preterm infants exposed to HIV: a population pharmacokinetic modelling and simulation study
Authors: Bekker Adrie , Capparelli Edmund V , Mirochnick Mark , Clarke Diana F , Cotton Mark F , Shapiro Roger , McCarthy Katie , Moye Jack , Violari Avy , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya , Abrams Elaine , Penazzato Martina , Ruel Theodore D , Cressey Tim R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop a pragmatic twice daily lamivudine dosing strategy for preterm infants from 24 to 37 completed weeks of gestation.

Methods
Data were combined from eight pharmacokinetic studies in neonates and infants receiving lamivudine oral solution. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using non-linear mixed effects regression. Different lamivudine dosing strategies, stratified by gestational age at birth (GA) bands, were simulated in a virtual population of preterm infants, aimed at maintaining lamivudine drug exposures (AUC0-12) within a reference target range of 2.95 to 13.25 µg·h/mL, prior to switching to WHO-weight band doses when ≥4 weeks of age and weighing ≥3 kg.

Results
A total of 154 infants (59% female) contributed 858 lamivudine plasma concentrations. Median (range) GA at birth was 38 (27–41) weeks. At the time of first pharmacokinetic sampling infants were older with median postnatal age (PNA) of 6.3 (0.52–26.6) weeks. Lamivudine concentrations were described by a one-compartment model, with CL/F and V/F allometrically scaled to weight. Maturation of CL/F was described using an Emax model based on PNA. CL/F was also adjusted on GA to allow extrapolation for extreme prematurity. Simulations predicted an optimal lamivudine dosing for infants GA ≥24 to &lt;30 weeks of 2 mg/kg twice daily from birth until weighing 3 kg; and for GA ≥30 to &lt;37 weeks, 2 mg/kg twice daily for the first 4 weeks of life, followed by 4 mg/kg twice daily until weighing 3 kg.

Conclusions
Model-based predictions support twice daily pragmatic GA band dosing of lamivudine for preterm infants, but clinical validation is warranted.
Microbiological insights and dermatological applications of live biotherapeutic products
Authors: Locker Jessica , Serrage Hannah J , Ledder Ruth G , Deshmukh Shivprasad , O'Neill Catherine A , McBain Andrew J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As our understanding of dermatological conditions advances, it becomes increasingly evident that traditional pharmaceutical interventions are not universally effective. The intricate balance of the skin microbiota plays a pivotal role in the development of various skin conditions, prompting a growing interest in probiotics, or live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), as potential remedies. Specifically, the topical application of LBPs to modulate bacterial populations on the skin has emerged as a promising approach to alleviate symptoms associated with common skin conditions. This review considers LBPs and their application in addressing a wide spectrum of dermatological conditions with particular emphasis on three key areas: acne, atopic dermatitis, and wound healing. Within this context, the critical role of strain selection is presented as a pivotal factor in effectively managing these dermatological concerns. Additionally, the review considers formulation challenges associated with probiotic viability and proposes a personalised approach to facilitate compatibility with the skin’s unique microenvironment. This analysis offers valuable insights into the potential of LBPs in dermatological applications, underlining their promise in reshaping the landscape of dermatological treatments while acknowledging the hurdles that must be overcome to unlock their full potential.
Adaptive-conditional loss and correction module enhanced informer network for long-tailed fault diagnosis of motor
Authors: Huang Mei , Sheng Chenxing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the motor fault diagnosis facing the long-tailed distribution data, characterized by a multitude of fault types with limited data per category and the healthy state with massive data. This skewed distribution makes the traditional diagnostic models fail to identify less frequent faults. To this end, we introduce a novel fault diagnosis model, named Transformer- and gated-recurrent unit (GRU)-based network (TransGRU), to improve the diagnosis accuracy with the long-tailed distribution data. The TransGRU has two main modules, i.e., the feature extraction module and the correction module. The former is based on the Informer encoder with ProbSparse self-attention to extract features from the long-range multi-sensor data. The latter employs the GRU network addressing the long-tail effect by adjusting the diagnosis results via the gate mechanism. Besides, we informatively design an adaptive-conditional loss (ACL) function for the long-tailed fault diagnosis by integrating the properties of focal loss, class-tailored weights, and confusion weights. ACL concentrates on challenging classifications while balancing the representation and significance of various fault modes. Validation on experimental motor data confirms the capability of our TransGRU in identifying a wide range of fault types with limited fault data compared with the Transformer and state-of-the-art methods.
Comparing the biological effectiveness of low energy 100 kV and high energy 5 MeV X-rays against Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Follett Peter A , Fezza Thomas J , Ladizinsky Nicolas C , Liang Pei-Shih 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Radioisotope irradiators (using cesium-137 or cobalt-60) are used as sources of ionizing radiation to control quarantine or phytosanitary insect pests in internationally traded fresh commodities and to sterilize insects used in sterile insect release programs. There are institutional initiatives to replace isotopic irradiators (producing γ-rays) with lower-energy X-ray machines due to concerns about radiological terrorism and increasingly stringent regulations on the movement of radioisotopes. Questions remain about whether the biological effects of low-energy X-rays are comparable to those of γ-rays since differences in energy levels and dose rates of X-rays may have different efficacies. We compared adult emergence, flight ability, and adult survival in the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritdae), after irradiation of third instar larvae with 100 kV or 5 MeV (5,000 kV) X-rays at 20 and 40 Gy in replicated studies. At 20 Gy, the adult emergence rate was significantly lower after irradiation with 100 kV compared to 5 MeV X-rays, suggesting higher efficacy at the lower energy level. In a follow-up study using 100 kV X-rays, applying 20 Gy using a slow dose rate (0.24 Gy min−1) resulted in significantly higher adult emergence than did a fast dose rate (3.3 Gy min−1), suggesting lower efficacy. Although our study suggests higher efficacy of low energy 100 kV X-rays, there is uncertainty in measuring the dose from an X-ray tube operating at 100 kV using an ionization chamber; we discuss how this uncertainty may change the interpretation of the results. Using a 100 kV X-ray irradiator to develop a phytosanitary treatment may underestimate the dose required for insect control using commercial high-energy γ-ray or X-ray systems.
Evaluating the feasibility of medium-chain oleochemical synthesis using microbial chain elongation
Authors: Agena Ethan , Gois Ian M , Bowers Connor M , Mahadevan Radhakrishnan , Scarborough Matthew J , Lawson Christopher E 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Chain elongating bacteria are a unique guild of strictly anaerobic bacteria that have garnered interest for sustainable chemical manufacturing from carbon-rich wet and gaseous waste streams. They produce C6–C8 medium-chain fatty acids, which are valuable platform chemicals that can be used directly, or derivatized to service a wide range of chemical industries. However, the application of chain elongating bacteria for synthesizing products beyond C6–C8 medium-chain fatty acids has not been evaluated. In this study, we assess the feasibility of expanding the product spectrum of chain elongating bacteria to C9–C12 fatty acids, along with the synthesis of C6 fatty alcohols, dicarboxylic acids, diols, and methyl ketones. We propose several metabolic engineering strategies to accomplish these conversions in chain elongating bacteria and utilize constraint-based metabolic modelling to predict pathway stoichiometries, assess thermodynamic feasibility, and estimate ATP and product yields. We also evaluate how producing alternative products impacts the growth rate of chain elongating bacteria via resource allocation modelling, revealing a trade-off between product chain length and class versus cell growth rate. Together, these results highlight the potential for using chain elongating bacteria as a platform for diverse oleochemical biomanufacturing and offer a starting point for guiding future metabolic engineering efforts aimed at expanding their product range.

One-Sentence Summary
In this work, the authors use constraint-based metabolic modelling and enzyme cost minimization to assess the feasibility of using metabolic engineering to expand the product spectrum of anaerobic chain elongating bacteria.
Practicing Censorship? Paper, Print, and Democracy in India
Authors: Prasad Ritika 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Examining a series of legal challenges by newspaper companies in the first half-century after Indian Independence (1947), this essay examines the legal boundaries and practical content of press freedom in postcolonial India. The cases, which were concerned with official regulation of page length, newsprint allocation, and customs duties, were far from obvious attempts at censorship. And yet the petitioners claimed that such regulation of form, price, and material did, in fact, violate their constitutionally guaranteed right to freedom of speech and expression. Meanwhile, the newly democratic Indian state contended that its prescriptive directives were affirmative measures intended to protect fledgling newspapers from competition with larger conglomerates—and, thus, necessary to ensure such diversity of news and opinion as fostered genuine freedom of the press. In drawing attention to more prosaic and oblique ways in which the press can be controlled, this essay highlights the complexity of defining press freedom in practice, especially in functioning democracies that not only hope to maintain that status but also retain international credibility. The legal battles point to the tension between abstract ideas of freedom and affirmative commitments to equity as it materialized in a newly independent country with tremendous diversity. Given that these cases stretch across the Emergency (1975–77)—which remains a defining event in terms of formal state censorship in postcolonial India—they also demonstrate how routine strategies of control often have a more subterranean timeline that traverses formal disruptions in state–press relations, including, in this case, the transition from colonialism to independence.
Printing Capitalism in Nineteenth-Century Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Zeltsman Corinna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article reconstructs the commercial networks and practical strategies that Latin American and Caribbean printers developed to acquire equipment and supplies in the nineteenth century. It argues that the exchange of letters, catalogues, and technologies at printers’ behest constituted a transnational printing capitalism that linked practitioners in newly independent Latin American nations and Spanish Caribbean colonies with key manufacturing cities like New York and Philadelphia. In contrast to Benedict Anderson’s notion of print capitalism, which foregrounds readers and shared reading practices as the basis of national identity, the article examines how the simultaneous experiences of building local printing trades after colonialism—and the subsequent emergence of new imperial projects by the end of the nineteenth century—shaped transnational professional imaginaries among craftsmen throughout Latin America. Far from a deterministic relationship in which technology shaped subjectivity, the creation of print’s material infrastructures was itself rooted in social relationships that changed over time. By examining these shifting relations, the article contributes to scholarship that is “relativizing” Anderson’s concept in diverse historical contexts.
Introduction: Rethinking Colonial Print through Practices
Authors: Prasad Ritika , Zeltsman Corinna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
What was colonial about colonial print culture? By analyzing the social and material dimensions of print—its practices, communities, networks, and technologies—our special issue probes whether and how colonialism shaped the specific print cultures that took shape across varied and geographic and temporal contexts. In so doing, we contribute to a wide-ranging intervention on print that has, in recent decades, dismantled teleological narratives linking global modernity with the diffusion of European printing. Contributors make the case for situating histories of print and the public sphere within the world of comparative social analysis, rather than singularly within book, cultural, or intellectual history. By attending to the materiality of printing and the ground-level practices and “tactics” of production and circulation, contributors not only reveal the wide range of social actors who helped to shape the uses and meanings of print—including colonial and postcolonial officials and journalists as well as manufacturers, artisans, merchants, and collectors—but also identify overlooked connections within and between regions that linked practitioners and readers rooted in diverse colonial and postcolonial contexts. Rather than charting a linear march towards mass printing or a homogenous global printing industry, the essays highlight the temporal asymmetries of colonial printing and the political and economic forces and human actors that shaped the specific regional and local trajectories of print.