bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of ultrasound‐guided microwave ablation for pediatric thyroid nodules‐ a single center research
Authors: Zhang Hongxia , Yu Mingzhu , Chen Jingyu , Hu Caihui , Tang Yi , Zhao Zhenzhen , Du Yifei , Sun Jian , Zhou Jianwu , Yang Chao , Deng Xiaobin , Kong Xiangru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo provide a new minimally invasive treatment for children with benign thyroid nodules, and to provide clinical data for applying microwave ablation (MWA) to children. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 21 pediatric patients with benign thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound‐guided MWA at the Children's Hospital affiliated with Chongqing Medical University from July 2022 to August 2023. The safety, clinical efficacy, volume reduction ratio and prognostic value of the treatment were evaluated. The participants were followed for at least 4 months (median 7 months, range 4–16 months). The average (range) ablation time for the 21 patients was only(233.90 ± 184.97) (40–660)seconds, with intraoperative bleeding less than 0.5 mL. No complications such as hoarseness, seizures or coughing during drinking water were observed after ablation treatment. All the participants' hormone reflecting thyroid function remained in the normal ranges after treatment. Besides, these hormones at 12 h after surgery and 1 month after surgery were not statistically different from those before surgery. Immediate postoperative ultrasound imaging showed a significant decrease in volume of benign thyroid nodules, the volume of nodules at 1 month postoperatively (M, 1.39), and the volume of nodules at 4 months postoperatively (M, 0.40) significantly smaller than that before surgery (M, 4.94). Ultrasound‐guided MWA is a new option for the treatment of benign thyroid nodules in children, with advantages such as minimal invasiveness, good clinical effect, high safety, little damage to thyroid function, short operation time, less intraoperative bleeding, low pain sensation and aesthetic appearance.
A systematic review of the impact of pulmonary thromboendarterectomy on health‐related quality of life
Authors: Raguragavan Aarohanan , Jayabalan Dujinthan , Dhakal Sugam , Saxena Akshat 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is the current gold standard treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and is a viable treatment option for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD). The progressive nature of both diseases severely impacts health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) across a variety of domains. This systematic review was performed to evaluate the impact of PTE on short‐ and long‐term HRQoL. A literature search was conducted on PubMed for studies matching the eligibility criteria between January 2000 and September 2022. OVID (MEDLINE), Google Scholar, EBSCOhost (EMBASE), and bibliographies of included studies were reviewed. Inclusion of studies was based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Quality appraisal and data tabulation were performed using predetermined forms. Results were synthesized by narrative review. The structure of this systematic review follows the PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review was prospectively registered in the PROSPERO register (CRD42022342144). Thirteen studies (2184 patients) were included. Within 3 months post‐PTE, HRQoL improved in both CTEPD and CTEPH as measured by disease‐specific and generic questionnaires. HRQoL improvements were sustained up to 5 years postoperatively in patients with CTEPH post‐PTE. PTE remains the gold standard for treating CTEPH and improving HRQoL. Residual pulmonary hypertension and comorbidities such as COPD and coronary artery disease decrement HRQoL over time. The impact of mPAP and PVR on HRQoL outcomes postoperatively remain ambiguous. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy remains the gold standard for treating CTEPH and has shown to improve HRQoL outcomes at 3‐month sustaining improvements up to 5‐year postoperatively. Residual pulmonary hypertension and comorbidities hinder HRQoL outcomes post‐PTE.
Distributed event‐triggered fixed‐time formation tracking control for multi‐spacecraft systems based on adaptive immersion and invariance technique
Authors: Wu Xia , Wei Caisheng , Wang Zheng , Ning Xin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this study, the problem of fixed‐time formation tracking for multi‐spacecraft systems without internal collisions was investigated. Aiming to ensure that the formation members can accurately realize and maintain the required configuration within the user‐given time, we designed a novel adaptive immersion and invariance (I&I)‐based control protocol. The novelty here lies in two aspects. First and foremost, this study was based on the adaptive I&I technique, combined with a new artificial potential function, to achieve the desired formation tracking without internal collision. Second, unlike the asymptotic convergence of the traditional I&I‐related works, to guarantee the fixed‐time stability, the proposed protocol introduced the prescribed performance control, which can also alleviate the possible system performance degradation caused by the non‐periodic control signal update of the event‐triggered mechanism. Further, the introduction of the event‐triggered mechanism can reduce the unnecessary information interaction. Lyapunov stability analysis shows that this proposed protocol can enable the defined implicit manifold to converge to the origin for the most initial conditions. Also, benefiting from the prescribed performance techniques, the convergence time can eliminate the dependence of the system on designed controller parameters or initial system conditions, relying only on the actual mission requirements. In addition, we adopted a linear extended state observer to deal with the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances, and used the I&I adaption to estimate the observer errors, thus further improving the system performance. Moreover, a new exponential‐type artificial potential function was designed to avoid close proximity between formation members and prevent internal collisions. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to verify the theoretical results.
Design of Atomically Dispersed CoN4 Sites and Co Clusters for Synergistically Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Rong Jian , Chen Wangyi , Gao Erhao , Wu Jing , Ao Huaisheng , Zheng Xudong , Zhang Yuzhe , Li Zhongyu , Kim Minjun , Yamauchi Yusuke , Wang Chaohai 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConstructing dual‐site catalysts consisting of atomically dispersed metal single atoms and metal atomic clusters (MACs) is a promising approach to further boost the catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, a porous CoSA‐AC@SNC featuring the coexistence of Co single‐atom sites (CoN4) and S‐coordinated Co atomic clusters (SCo6) in S, N co‐doped carbon substrate is successfully synthesized by using porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (Co‐TPyP MOF) as the precursor. The introduction of the sulfur source creates abundant microstructural defects to anchor Co metal clusters, thus modulating the electronic structure of its surrounding carbon substrate. The synergistic effect between the two types of active sites and structural advantages, in turn, results in high ORR performance of CoSA‐AC@SNC with half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.86 V and Tafel slope of 50.17 mV dec−1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also support the synergistic effect between CoN4 and SCo6 by detailing the catalytic mechanism for the improved ORR performance. The as‐fabricated Zn–air battery (ZAB) using CoSA‐AC@SNC demonstrates impressive peak power density of 174.1 mW cm−2 and charge/discharge durability for 148 h. This work provides a facile synthesis route for dual‐site catalysts and can be extended to the development of other efficient atomically dispersed metal‐based electrocatalysts.
High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Organic Battery with a Photo‐Responsive Covalent Organic Framework Cathode
Authors: Wang Shoucheng , Zhu Congcong , Ji Jiale , Li Mengyuan , Zhao Lei , Cai Fengshi , Tao Zhanliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCovalent organic framework (COF) materials, known for their robust porous character, sustainability, and abundance, have great potential as cathodes for aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). However, their application is hindered by low reversible capacity and discharge voltage. Herein, a donor–acceptor configuration COF (NT‐COF) is utilized as the cathode for ZIBs. The cell exhibits a high discharge voltage plateau of ≈1.4 V and a discharge capacity of 214 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 when utilizing the Mn2+ electrolyte additive in the ZnSO4 electrolyte. A synergistic combination mechanism is proposed, involving the deposition/dissolution reactions of Zn4SO4(OH)6·4H2O and the co‐(de)insertion reactions of H+ and SO42− in NT‐COF. Meanwhile, the NT‐COF with a donor–acceptor configuration facilitates efficient generation and separation of electron‐hole pairs upon light exposure, thereby enhancing electrochemical reactions within the battery. This leads to a reduction in charging voltage and internal overvoltage, ultimately minimizing electricity consumption. Under ambient weather conditions, the cell exhibits an average discharge capacity of 430 mAh g−1 on sunny days and maintains consistent cycling stability for a duration of 200 cycles (≈19 days) at 0.2 A g−1. This research inspires the advancement of Zn‐organic batteries for high‐energy‐density aqueous electrochemical energy storage systems or photo‐electrochemical batteries.
Non‐thermal technologies for broiler litter processing: Microbial safety, chemical composition, nutritional value, and fermentation parameters in vitro
Authors: Vaghar Seyedin Seyed Morteza , Mojtahedi Mohsen , Farhangfar Seyed Homayoun , Ghiasi Seyed Ehsan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnnually, a massive amount of broiler litter (BL) is produced in the world, which causes soil and surface water pollution due to its high nitrogen content and microbial count. While ruminants can use this non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) source for microbial protein synthesis. This issue becomes more critical when protein sources are unavailable or very expensive. One of the sources of NPN is BL which is produced at a considerable amount in the world yearly.ObjectivesThis aim of this research was to conduct a survey of non‐thermal technologies such as electrocoagulation (EC), ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and ultrasound (US) waves on the microbial safety and nutritional value of BL samples as a protein source in ruminant diets.Materials and methodsThe methodology of this study was based on the use of an EC device with 24 V for 60 min, UV‐C light radiation (249 nm) for 1 and 10 min, and US waves with a frequency of 28 kHz for 5, 10 and 15 min to process BL samples compared with shade‐dried samples. Chemical composition and nutritional values of processed samples were determined by gas production technique and measurement of fermentation parameters in vitro.ResultsBased on the results, microbial safety increased in the samples processed with the US (15 min). The EC method had the best performance in reducing the number of fungi and mould. However, none of the methods could remove total bacteria and fungi. Digestibility of BL was similar in shade‐dried, EC, and US (10 min) treatments. In general, the use of EC and US15 without having adverse effects on gas production caused a decrease in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. In contrast, it caused a decrease in neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the investigated substrate.ConclusionsIn general, it can be concluded that the use of US5 and EC methods without having a negative effect on the parameters of gas production and fermentation in vitro, while reducing NDF, causes a significant reduction in the microbial load, pathogens, yeast, and mould. Therefore, it is suggested to use these two methods to improve feed digestibility for other protein and feed sources.
Towards a flexible and personalised development of veterinarians and veterinary nurses working in a companion animal referral care setting
Authors: Favier Robert , Proot Joachim , Matiasovic Matt , Roos Arno , Knaake Frans , van der Lee Annette , den Toom Marjolein , Paes Geert , van Oostrom Hugo , Verstappen Frank , Beukers Martijn , van den Herik Theo , Bergknut Niklas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the Netherlands, the demand for veterinarians and veterinary nurses (VNs) working within referral care is rapidly growing and currently exceeds the amount of available board‐certified specialists. Simultaneously, a transparent structure to guide training and development and to assess quality of non‐specialist veterinarians and VNs working in a referral setting is lacking. In response, we developed learning pathways guided by an entrustable professional activity (EPA) framework and programmatic assessment to support personalised development and competence of veterinarians and VNs working in referral settings. Between 4 and 35 EPAs varying per discipline (n = 11) were developed. To date, 20 trainees across five disciplines have been entrusted. Trainees from these learning pathways have proceeded to acquire new EPAs in addition to their already entrusted set of EPAs or progressed to specialist training during (n = 3) or after successfully completing (n = 1) the learning pathway. Due to their outcome‐based approach, the learning pathways support flexible ways of development.
Introduction: K-Politeness Across Online and Offline Interactions
Authors: Kim Mary Shin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis book investigates how Korean politeness (“K-politeness”) is perceived, practiced, and negotiated across diverse interactional contexts and communication platforms, both online and offline. The research examines K-politeness from not only the standpoint of Korean speakers but also from the vantage point of K-wave fans, viewers, and learners of Korean language and culture. The research offers a comprehensive and emic perspective on K-politeness, incorporating multidisciplinary and multimodal analysis.
Negotiating Age, Epistemic Stance, and Category Memberships in Korean Talk Shows
Authors: Kim Mary Shin , Jo Jaehyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines an integral part of Korean politeness—age. Prior research has focused on investigating age as a key determining factor that influences speakers’ choice of speech styles, address terms, and word choices. On the other hand, this study explores what speakers do with age and how age is relevant to them at the moment of their interaction. The focus of the study is on media talk as it reveals how age is represented, negotiated, and utilized by social members in public discourse. The study identifies a categorial practice related to age by utilizing (Stokoe, Discourse Studies 14:277–303, 2012)) five guiding principles for membership categorization analysis (MCA). A collection of data segments from various talk show interviews shows that the speakers routinely evoke age while displaying an epistemic stance, such as in claiming or disclaiming their epistemic rights, to the matter being discussed. Moreover, speakers classify themselves and others into age categories (Stokoe, Discourse Studies 14:277–303, 2012; e.g., the old, the young, acessi) based on their epistemic status or rights. These categories are determined not by the speakers’ chronological age, which is external to the interaction, but are rather spontaneously formulated in the local context of the interaction, which are subject to challenge, resistance, and negotiation by speakers. The study reveals how speakers use age as an interactional tool to negotiate their epistemic stance and category membership.
Implementation of external magnetic field to improve strength of St37 steel resistance spot weld
Authors: Mohammed Nafea Azhar A. , Elyasi Majid , Aghajani Derazkola Hamed 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe magnetic assist technique involves the interaction between an external magnetic field and electrical current which produces Lorentz force that influences the flow pattern of molten metal and ultimately impacts the appearance and microstructure of the weld. Many parameters may influence on this process such as welding current, time, and force as well as the working magnet distance (MD). In this study, the effects of the distance between the permanent magnet’s MD on the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and weld nugget zone (NZ) were examined through mechanical and macro- and microstructural analyses. The results demonstrated that MD has a strong influence on the magnetic flux density which determines the joint appearance, quality, and microstructure of St37 steel. Results showed that with increasing MD, HAZ increased from 8 to 22 mm2 while NZ decreased from 26 to 19 mm2, and also, the grain size increased with increasing MD and reaching 48 µm at MD was set to 9 cm. Moreover, hardness decreased at both areas through increasing MD from (120–110) HV at HAZ and from (170–150) HV at NZ. Under the action of (electromagnetic filed) EMF, weld tensile shear strength and the cross tensile strength give the highest values equal to 172 MPa and 155 MPa, respectively, when MD is set to 4.5 cm. Besides, soundness joint was obtained at MD = 4.5 cm which confirms that this is the best distance between magnets.
Air-breathing rotating detonation engine supplied with liquid kerosene: propulsive performance and combustion stability
Authors: Perkowski W. , Bilar A. , Augustyn M. , Kawalec M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExperimental results are presented for a rotating detonation engine supplied with liquid kerosene and preheated air without liquid or gaseous additions to the propellant mixture. Various combustion modes for the generic combustor geometry design were observed—from deflagration, through pulsed combustion and high-frequency instabilities, to stable detonation propagation. Attention was paid to detonation stability (if present), its characteristics, and the propulsive performance of the combustor with a focus on specific thrust and pressure gain through thrust and outlet total pressure measurement. These parameters measured for the observed modes were compared. The stability of the detonation combustion proved not to be critical to achieve high performance of the combustion chamber. For example, high performance was achieved for combustion modes with high-frequency instabilities.
Analysis of the cell wall binding domain in bacteriocin-like lysin LysL from Lactococcus lactis LAC460
Authors: Mokhtari Samira , Li Yanru , Saris Per E. J. , Takala Timo M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWild-type Lactococcus lactis strain LAC460 secretes prophage-encoded bacteriocin-like lysin LysL, which kills some Lactococcus strains, but has no lytic effect on the producer. LysL carries two N-terminal enzymatic active domains (EAD), and an unknown C-terminus without homology to known domains. This study aimed to determine whether the C-terminus of LysL carries a cell wall binding domain (CBD) for target specificity of LysL. The C-terminal putative CBD region of LysL was fused with His-tagged green fluorescent protein (HGFPuv). The HGFPuv_CBDlysL gene fusion was ligated into the pASG-IBA4 vector, and introduced into Escherichia coli. The fusion protein was produced and purified with affinity chromatography. To analyse the binding of HGFPuv_CBDLysL to Lactococcus cells, the protein was mixed with LysL-sensitive and LysL-resistant strains, including the LysL-producer LAC460, and the fluorescence of the cells was analysed. As seen in fluorescence microscope, HGFPuv_CBDLysL decorated the cell surface of LysL-sensitive L. cremoris MG1614 with green fluorescence, whereas the resistant L. lactis strains LM0230 and LAC460 remained unfluorescent. The fluorescence plate reader confirmed the microscopy results detecting fluorescence only from four tested LysL-sensitive strains but not from 11 tested LysL-resistant strains. Specific binding of HGFPuv_CBDLysL onto the LysL-sensitive cells but not onto the LysL-resistant strains indicates that the C-terminus of LysL contains specific CBD. In conclusion, this report presents experimental evidence of the presence of a CBD in a lactococcal phage lysin. Moreover, the inability of HGFPuv_CBDLysL to bind to the LysL producer LAC460 may partly explain the host’s resistance to its own prophage lysin.
Categorification of the plurigenera of Gorenstein normal surface singularities
Authors: Némethi András , Schefler Gergő 
Published: July 2024

AbstractConsider a complex normal surface singularity and its three plurigenera, the m-th $$L^2$$

L
2

–plurigenus of Watanabe, the m-th plurigenus of Knöller and the m-th log-plurigenus of Morales. For any of these invariants we construct a double graded $$\mathbb {Z}[U]$$

Z
[
U
]

–module, whose Euler characteristic is the chosen plurigenus. The three outputs are compared with the analytic lattice cohomology of the germ, whose Euler characteristic is the classical geometric genus.
Integrable Systems on Rectangular $$\mathcal {W}$$-Superalgebras via Super Adler-Type Operators
Authors: Carpentier Sylvain , Lee Gahng Sahn , Suh Uhi Rinn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a class of super Adler-type operators associated with the Lie superalgebra $$\mathfrak {gl}(m|n)$$

gl
(
m
|
n
)

. We show that these operators generate Poisson vertex superalgebras which are isomorphic to the classical $$\mathcal {W}$$
W
-superalgebras associated with $$\mathfrak {gl}(m|n)$$

gl
(
m
|
n
)

and some rectangular nilpotent elements. We use this isomorphism to construct integrable hierarchies on these rectangular $$\mathcal {W}$$
W
-superalgebras.
Non-existence and Strong lll-posedness in $$C^{k,\beta }$$ for the Generalized Surface Quasi-geostrophic Equation
Authors: Córdoba Diego , Martínez-Zoroa Luis 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider solutions to the generalized Surface Quasi-geostrophic equation ($$\gamma $$
γ
-SQG) when the velocity is more singular than the active scalar function (i.e. $$\gamma \in (0,1)$$

γ
∈
(
0
,
1
)

). In this paper we establish strong ill-posedness in $$C^{k,\beta }$$

C

k
,
β

($$k\ge 1$$

k
≥
1

, $$\beta \in (0,1]$$

β
∈
(
0
,
1
]

and $$k+\beta >1+\gamma $$

k
+
β
>
1
+
γ

) and we also construct solutions in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$

R

2

that initially are in $$C^{k,\beta }\cap L^2$$

C

k
,
β

∩

L
2

but are not in $$C^{k,\beta }$$

C

k
,
β

for $$t>0$$

t
>
0

. Furthermore these solutions stay in $$H^{k+\beta +1-2\delta }$$

H

k
+
β
+
1
-
2
δ

for some small $$\delta $$
δ
and an arbitrarily long time.
On $$G_2$$ Manifolds with Cohomogeneity Two Symmetry
Authors: Aslan Benjamin , Trinca Federico 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe consider$${{\,\mathrm{G_2}\,}}$$G2manifolds with a cohomogeneity two$${{\,\mathrm{\mathbb {T}}\,}}^2\times {{\,\textrm{SU}\,}}(2)$$T2×SU(2)symmetry group. We give a local characterization of these manifolds and we describe the geometry, including regularity and singularity analysis, of cohomogeneity one calibrated submanifolds in them. We apply these results to the manifolds recently constructed by Foscolo–Haskins–Nordström and to the Bryant–Salamon manifold of topology$$/\!\!\!S(S^3)$$/S(S3). In particular, we describe new large families of complete$${{\,\mathrm{\mathbb {T}}\,}}^2$$T2-invariant associative submanifolds in them.