bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do columnar cell lesions exist in the male breast?
Authors: Verschuur‐Maes Anoek H J , Kornegoor Robert , de Bruin Peter C , Oudejans Joost J , van Diest Paul J 
Published: November 2013

AimsIn females, columnar cell lesions (CCLs) have been recognized as putative precursor lesions of low‐grade breast cancer, but their role in male breast carcinogenesis is as yet unclear.Methods and resultsWe reviewed surgical resections from males with breast cancer (n = 89), gynaecomastia (n = 20) and normal breast specimens from autopsies (n = 5) for the presence of CCL. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6), CK14 and oestrogen receptor alpha (ER). In 19 of 89 resections (two DCIS cases and 17 invasive carcinoma), some individual ducts were found to contain cells with snouts on the luminal border but lacking further typical columnar cell lesion features. We mainly found three‐layered ductal epithelium, characteristic for gynaecomastia and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, we found a few ducts in male breast cancer sections that were clonally negative for basal cytokeratins.ConclusionWe found no lesions with convincing CCL morphology at the periphery of invasive male breast cancers, in gynaecomastia or in normal male breast specimens. Although we cannot completely exclude the existence of CCLs in the male breast, these lesions seem to be very uncommon and are therefore unlikely to play a major role in male breast carcinogenesis.
Evaluating the performance of a rapid antigen test for the detection of influenza virus in clinical specimens from children in Cameroon
Authors: Kenmoe Sebastien , Tchendjou Patrice , Moyo Tetang Suzie , Mossus Tatiana , Njankouo Ripa Mohammed , Guillet Marlène , Kfutwah Anfumbom , Njouom Richard 
Published: November 2013

The performance of SD Bioline rapid antigen test (RAT) was evaluated using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) as gold standard. A total of 718 nasal swabs, including 102 rRT‐PCR positive and 616 rRT‐PCR negative swabs, were tested. RAT demonstrates a sensitivity of 29·4% with a specificity of 100%. The positivity rate of RAT was highly associated with lower cycle threshold (Ct) values (P < 0·0001). The excellent specificity of the RAT allowed for the rapid identification of influenza cases. However, negative results should be verified by rRT‐PCR test because of limitations observed in sensitivity.
The Effectiveness of Dual Antiplatelet Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Intracranial Arterial Stenosis: A Subgroup Analysis of CLAIR Study
Authors: Wang Xin , Lin Wen Hua , Zhao Yu Dong , Chen Xiang Yan , Leung Thomas W. , Chen Christopher , Fu Jianhui , Markus Hugh , Hao Qing , Wong Ka Sing ,   for the CLAIR Study Investigators
Published: November 2013

Background Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin reduces the presence and number of microembolic signals in patients with large artery disease. However, whether it is effective in patients with intracranial disease alone remains uncertain. We performed a subgroup analysis of the The CLopidogrel plus Aspirin for Infarction Reduction (CLAIR in acute stroke or transient ischemic attack patients with large artery stenosis and microembolic signals) study of only patients with intracranial occlusive disease, excluding those with extra cranial disease. Methods CLAIR was a randomized-controlled, open-label, multicenter clinical trial with blinded outcome evaluation, which recruited patients with symptoms of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within seven-days of onset, with large artery stenosis verified by transcranial Doppler and carotid ultrasound, and with microembolic signals detected by transcranial Doppler recording. All patients were randomized to receive clopidogrel plus aspirin daily for seven-days (dual treatment), or aspirin alone for seven-days (monotherapy). Repeated transcranial Doppler recordings for microembolic signals were made on day one, two, and seven. This subgroup study only analyzed the patients with purely intracranial large artery disease and excluded those with extra cranial stenosis. Results There were 70 patients recruited with purely intracranial stenosis, 34 in the dual treatment group and 36 in the monotherapy group. The proportion of the patients with positive emboli at day seven in the dual treatment group was significantly lower than that in the monotherapy group (relative risk reduction 56·5%, 95% confidence interval 2·5–80·6; P = 0·029). The number of emboli in the dual treatment group decreased significantly at day two ( P = 0·043) and day seven ( P = 0·018) compared with the monotherapy group. After adjustment for the number of emboli at day one, the effect of dual treatment was still significant for the reduction of presence (relative risk reduction 56·0%; 95% confidence interval 5·4–79·6; P = 0·036) and number (adjusted mean difference −0·9; 95% confidence interval −1·5 to −0·3; P = 0·004) of positive emboli at day seven. Conclusions Dual treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin for seven-days is more effective than aspirin alone to reduce microembolic signals in patients with intracranial arterial stenosis.
Constructed Wetland Treatment of Nitrates: Removal Effectiveness and Cost Efficiency
Authors: Collins Alan R. , Gillies Neil 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA constructed wetland (CW) was strategically placed to treat nitrates in groundwater as part of a watershed‐based farmer engagement process. Using stream water quality data collected before and after installation, this CW was found to reduce stream concentrations of nitrogen from nitrate (NO3‐N) during the growing season by about 0.14 mg/l at mean streamflow, a 17% reduction. Based upon realistic ecological and economic assumptions, about 80 kg of NO3‐N were removed annually by the CW at a cost of around US$30/kg. This per unit cost is at the low range of small wastewater treatment plant costs for nitrates, but higher than the costs of reduced fertilizer application.
Cluster and meta‐analyses of genetic parameters for feed intake traits in growing beef cattle
Authors: Diaz I.D.P.S. , Crews D.H. , Enns R.M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryA data set based on 50 studies including feed intake and utilization traits was used to perform a meta‐analysis to obtain pooled estimates using the variance between studies of genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG); residual feed intake (RFI); metabolic body weight (MBW); feed conversion ratio (FCR); and daily dry matter intake (DMI) in beef cattle. The total data set included 128 heritability and 122 genetic correlation estimates published in the literature from 1961 to 2012. The meta‐analysis was performed using a random effects model where the restricted maximum likelihood estimator was used to evaluate variances among clusters. Also, a meta‐analysis using the method of cluster analysis was used to group the heritability estimates. Two clusters were obtained for each trait by different variables. It was observed, for all traits, that the heterogeneity of variance was significant between clusters and studies for genetic correlation estimates. The pooled estimates, adding the variance between clusters, for direct heritability estimates for ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR were 0.32 ± 0.04, 0.39 ± 0.03, 0.31 ± 0.02, 0.31 ± 0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.03, respectively. Pooled genetic correlation estimates ranged from −0.15 to 0.67 among ADG, DMI, RFI, MBW and FCR. These pooled estimates of genetic parameters could be used to solve genetic prediction equations in populations where data is insufficient for variance component estimation. Cluster analysis is recommended as a statistical procedure to combine results from different studies to account for heterogeneity.
A genome‐wide association study for canine cryptorchidism in Siberian Huskies
Authors: Zhao X. , Onteru S. , Saatchi M. , Garrick D. , Rothschild M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryCryptorchidism is a condition whereby one or both testes fail to descend into the scrotal sac. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) with both a case–control analysis using the GEMMA software accounting for population structure and a BayesB approach in the GenSel software applied to every 1 Mb window of SNPs or haplotypes. The haplotypes were constructed from a genealogical tree using the population of 204 Siberian Huskies. The BayesB analyses identified six putative genomic candidate regions on CFA6, 9, 24, 27 and X. These regions explained a high percentage of genetic variance when compared with other genomic regions. The positional candidate genes Q9TSI5_CANFA (matrix metalloproteinase 9 precursor) on CFA24, ADAMTS20 (ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 20) on CFA27 and MID1IP1 (MID1 interacting protein 1) on CFAX are known to be functionally related to extracellular matrix remodelling, which might be important for gubernaculum elongation and thus interrupting normal testicular descent. Further mutation screening in these candidate regions on CFA6, 9, 24, 27 and X is needed. Next generation sequencing will help to uncover rare variants associated with cryptorchidism in this dog population.
The biogeographical boundaries of northern Australia: evidence from ecological niche models and a multi‐locus phylogeny of Uperoleia toadlets (Anura: Myobatrachidae)
Authors: Catullo Renee A. , Lanfear Robert , Doughty Paul , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimOur aim was to test hypothesized biogeographical barriers using small‐bodied terrestrial Uperoleia frogs, to identify Pleistocene refugia and to define biogeographical units.LocationThe Australian Monsoonal Tropics, defined as the open woodlands and savanna north of the inland arid and eastern winter‐rainfall zones.MethodsA multi‐locus molecular phylogeny of the Uperoleia lithomoda, U. trachyderma and U. minima species complex, with supporting morphological and acoustic data, was generated to test species boundaries and clarify distributions. Ecological niche modelling with current climate and Last Glacial Maximum climate data was used to identify biogeographical units, barriers to dispersal, and regions of stability that may have served as Pleistocene refugia.ResultsOur combined data supported five clades that comprise four allopatric species. Ecological niche models of the resolved species suggest that the Kimberley Plateau represents a distinct bioregion, the Top End extends from the edge of the Kimberley Plateau to the Carpentarian Gap, and the transition from sandstone escarpments to flat, sandy soils represents a major barrier to dispersal between the Top End and the Northern Deserts. The Northern Deserts were found to comprise two distinct subregions. Population‐ and species‐level divergences were evident in a north–south line in the Northern Territory, representing a newly identified biogeographical break. Putative Pleistocene refugia were predicted in the north‐west Kimberley Plateau, the western half of the Top End, the Selwyn Range and western Cape York.Main conclusionsBy combining detailed genetic, morphological and acoustic data with newly developed statistical methods, we have delineated species boundaries, identified cryptic species and provided a region‐wide assessment of the biogeography of northern Australia. We have identified previously unrecognized biogeographical barriers, better defined biogeographical regions, and proposed new hypotheses about the effects of Pleistocene climate cycles on the present‐day diversity of northern Australia. Our work provides a solid foundation for the investigation of biogeographical patterns in other taxa.
Distinctive Patterns of Dominant Frequency Trajectory Behavior in Drug‐Refractory Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Preliminary Characterization of Spatiotemporal Instability
Authors: SALINET JOÃO L. , TUAN JIUN H. , SANDILANDS ALISTAIR J. , STAFFORD PETER J. , SCHLINDWEIN FERNANDO S. , NG G. ANDRÉ 
Published: November 2013

Frequency Trajectory of Atrial FibrillationIntroductionThe role of substrates in the maintenance of persistent atrial fibrillation (persAF) remains poorly understood. The use of dominant frequency (DF) mapping to guide catheter ablation has been proposed as a potential strategy, but the characteristics of high DF sites have not been extensively studied. This study aimed to assess the DF spatiotemporal stability using high density noncontact mapping (NCM) in persAF.Methods and ResultsEight persAF patients were studied using NCM during AF. Ventricular far‐field cancellation was performed followed by the calculation of DF using Fast Fourier Transform. Analysis of DF stability and spatiotemporal behavior were investigated including characteristics of the highest DF areas (HDFAs). A total of 16,384 virtual electrograms (VEGMs) and 232 sequential high density 3‐dimensional DF maps were analyzed. The percentage of DF stable points decreased rapidly over time. Repetition or reappearance of DF values were noted in some instances, occurring within 10 seconds in most cases. Tracking the HDFAs' center of gravity revealed 3 types of propagation behavior, namely (i) local, (ii) cyclical, and (iii) chaotic activity, with the former 2 patterns accounting for most of the observed events.ConclusionsDF of individual VEGMs was temporally unstable, although reappearance of DF values occurred at times. Hence, targeting sites of ‘peak DF’ from a single time frame is unlikely to be a reliable ablation strategy. There appears to be a predominance of local and cyclical activity of HDFAs hinting a potentially nonrandom temporally periodic behavior that provides further mechanistic insights into the maintenance of persAF.
Crossroads: The Intersection of Immigrant Enforcement and the Child Welfare System
Authors: Hidalgo Rosie 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDiana's children were placed in foster care when they were one‐ and three‐year‐olds. Their mother was arrested when she fought back to defend herself against an attack by her abusive boyfriend, Thomas. Thomas assaulted her in her apartment when she tried to end their relationship. A neighbor heard screams and called the police. When officers arrived, Thomas told his version of the events, but Diana was not able to communicate with the officers, since they did not speak Spanish and did not obtain the assistance of interpreters. The officers saw scratches on Thomas and a possible bite mark, in addition to bruises and scratches on Diana, arrested both of them, and called Child Protective Services (CPS) to take the children. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) soon issued a detainer when they obtained a copy of Diana's fingerprints through the Secure Communities program in effect in her local jurisdiction. Upon further review of the circumstances, the prosecutor decided to drop the charges against Diana; however, ICE took custody of her. She was subsequently transferred to a different immigrant detention center 300 miles away.The CPS caseworker placed Diana's children in temporary foster care with foster parents who did not speak Spanish, instead of with a willing aunt who had undocumented immigration status. Diana's children, born in the United States, are U.S. citizens. As the months passed, the children were no longer learning Spanish. The children did not visit with or talk with their mother for over six months because the CPS caseworker was unsure of Diana's whereabouts and how to communicate with her, despite that the original case plan called for reunification. As a result, the goal of the case plan was revised to pursue the termination of parental rights instead of family reunification.
Transforming Teens: Measuring the Effects of Restorative Justice Principles in a Teen Court Setting
Authors: Laundra Kenneth , Rodgers Keyria , Zapp Heidi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of restorative justice principles in a teen court setting. Specifically, our research attempts to quantitatively measure learning of certain restorative justice principles through the teen court process by comparing matched, pre‐ and post‐survey responses to questions involving the adolescent's ability to understand their crime as a violation of relationships within their community, as opposed to merely a violation of law. Qualitative responses regarding the efficacy of the teen court program from both teen participants and their parents are also examined in the context of restorative justice principles. Finally, the efficacy of the teen court model is discussed in terms of recidivism rates compared to teens who do not experience the teen court process.
The prevalence of vertebral deformities is increased with higher egg incubation temperatures and triploidy in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L.
Authors: Fraser T W K , Hansen T , Fleming M S , Fjelldal P G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSuboptimal egg incubation temperature is a risk factor for the development of skeletal deformities in teleosts. Triplicate diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., egg batches were incubated at 6, 8 and 10 °C up until first feeding, whereupon fish were reared on a natural temperature before examination for externally visible skeletal deformities (jaw and spine) and radiographed for vertebral deformities and morphology at the parr stage. Increasing incubation temperatures and triploidy increased the number of fish showing one or more deformed vertebrae. Triploids had significantly higher mean vertebrae cranio‐caudal length (L) and dorsal‐ventral height (H) ratio at 6 and 10 °C than diploids, but triploidy had no effect on mean vertebrae centra area. Triploids demonstrated an increase in lower jaw deformities with increased incubation temperature, whereas jaw deformities were rare in diploids. Fish incubated at 10 °C had a significantly lower mean vertebral number than fish incubated at 6 °C, and triploids had lower mean vertebral numbers than diploids. Diploid fish with 58 vertebrae had a significantly higher mean vertebral centra area than fish with 59 vertebrae, but vertebral number did not affect the mean vertebral L/H ratio. The results are discussed with respect to the welfare and production of farmed salmonids.
Racial and Sex Differences in Associations Between Activities of Daily Living and Cognition in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Garrett Stephanie L. , Sawyer Patricia , Kennedy Richard E. , McGuire Dawn , Simon Roger P. , Strothers Harry S. , Allman Richard M. 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the association between function measured according to activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activ1ities of daily living (IADLs), and cognition assessed according to Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of older African‐American and non‐Hispanic white community‐dwelling men and women.DesignCross‐sectional study assessing associations between self‐reported ADL and IADL difficulty and MMSE scores for race‐ and sex‐specific groups.SettingHomes of community‐dwelling older adults.ParticipantsA random sample of 974 African‐American and non‐Hispanic white Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older living in west‐central Alabama and participating in the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging, excluding those with reported diagnoses of dementia or with missing data.MeasurementsFunction, based on self‐reported difficulty in performing ADLs and IADLs, and cognition, using the MMSE. Multivariable linear regression models were used to test the association between function and cognition in race‐ and sex‐specific groups after adjusting for covariates.ResultsMini‐Mental State Examination scores were modestly correlated with ADL and IADL difficulty in all four race‐ and sex‐specific groups, with Pearson correlation coefficients ranging from −0.189 for non‐Hispanic white women to −0.429 for African‐American men. Correlations between MMSE and ADL or IADL difficulty in any of the race‐ and sex‐specific groups were no longer significant after controlling for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities.ConclusionMini‐Mental State Examination was not significantly associated with functional difficulty in older African‐American and non‐Hispanic white men and women after adjusting for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, suggesting a mediating role in the relationship between cognition and function.
Executive Function and Mortality in Homebound Elderly Adults
Authors: Vu Linh N. , Dean Michael J. , Mwamburi Mkaya , Au Rhoda , Qiu Wei Qiao 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo determine the association between executive function and mortality in homebound elderly adults.DesignLongitudinal study.SettingFour home care agencies in the Boston area.ParticipantsHomebound adults aged 60 and older with 8‐year follow‐up for mortality (N = 1,172).MeasurementsCognitive domains including executive, memory, and language functions were evaluated at baseline. Executive function was measured using the Trail‐Making Test Part B (TMT B), and subjects were divided into four subgroups from lowest to highest TMT B score. The second cross‐group analyses were used to compare those who were alive and those who had died. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether there was an association between TMT B scores and mortality.ResultsAt baseline, 436 (37.2%) homebound elderly adults had the highest TMT B scores (≥300), which indicated the slowest performance. At 8‐year follow‐up, 381 (32.5%) participants had died. Participants with the highest TMT B scores were more than twice as likely to have died as those with the lowest scores (0–99) (odds ratio = 2.39, 95% confidence interval = 1.27–4.52, P = .003) after adjusting for confounders including medical comorbidities related to death. The other cognitive domains, including memory and language, were not associated with mortality in the same model.ConclusionMany homebound elderly adults have multiple medical conditions, and executive function may be critical in their ability to manage their medical conditions and may affect the outcome of death.
The nature of affect attunement used by disability support workers interacting with adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Forster S. , Iacono T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe interactions experienced by adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) with their disability support workers (DSWs) may have a large impact on life quality. However, defining good‐quality interaction has presented challenges for this group. It has been suggested that in typically developing infant–mother dyads, the presence of affect attunement may be an indicator of quality. Affect attunement refers to the recasting of one person's affect by another with emphasis.MethodThe presence and nature of affect attunement in interactions between 21 pairs of adults with PIMD and their DSWs were explored in this study. Natural interactions were videorecorded for 21 pairs of adults with PIMD and their DSWs. The recordings were analysed for the presence and nature of affect attunement incidents, and analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsAffect attunement incidents were observed in 16 of the pairs. The DSW's attunement behaviour was in response to subtle, short duration behaviours of participants with PIMD.ConclusionThese brief moments of connection may be a basis of good‐quality interaction.