bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post Modern Public Administration in the Land of Promise: The Basic Ecclesial Community Movement of Mindanao
Authors: Holden William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent discussions of sustainable development have come to see the dominant neoliberal development paradigm receive criticism for creating environmental degradation coupled with increased inequality of wealth and power. In the developing world, sustainable development has increasingly come to be sought by postmodern public administration, which consists of efforts undertaken by the poor themselves to improve their conditions in life without changing power relations in society. This paper discuss the efforts undertaken by the Roman Catholic Church's Basic Ecclesial Communities, on the island of Mindanao, in the Philippines, to improve the conditions of the poor without changing power relations in society. The paper discusses the emergence of the Basic Ecclesial Communities, the programs they provide for their members, the successes, and failures of these programs in providing participatory sustainable development, and the outlook for the future.
Engaging Islamic Views on Human-Animal Relations: Towards an Adab-centred Approach
Authors: Keshani Hussein 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn the coming years, human-animal relations can be expected to be an increasing concern in the Islamic world and among the Muslim diaspora given the pressures applied by the globalizing network of industrial economies and rapid advancements in the biological sciences. The issue of how to effectively engage Islamic discourse in global dialogues on human-animal relations can also be expected to become more pressing. This paper argues that the current strategies of producing and engaging Islamic discourse do not take into account the complexities of how Islamic discourse is generated and are both limited by a legalistic or sharia focus. Instead an Adab-centred approach is proposed as a means of cultivating both a more engageable form of Islamic discourse and a broader global dialogue on human-animal relations.
Subjectivity and Suffering: Transgenic Animals, Christianity, and the need to Re-evaluate
Authors: Eaton Heather 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe many facets of transgenic animals are not addressed by secular or religious voices, and for many reasons; ignorance, absence of public debate, acceleration of the research, and apathy towards animals. There is a need to understand the basic parameters of transgenic animal research. Second, it is important to investigate Christian actual and potential responses, as well as grapple with the strengths and limits. Third, work in transgenic animals comes out of a deprived affective, aesthetic and ethical milieu where there is no rapport with animals as inherent subjects. With new insights from religion and animal studies, it may be possible to transform the prevailing utilitarian view of animals.
Dirt, Collapse, and Eco-responsibility: "Natural" Evils and the Eager Longing for Eco-justice
Authors: Admirand Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs a theologian seeking to evaluate the meaning of "nature" or the "natural"—especially as contained in the problematic term "natural evils"—I will turn predominantly to an anthropologist-poet (Loren Eiseley), a professor of evolutionary biology (Jared Diamond), and a geomorphologist (David Montgomery). Ultimately, I will assess the value of creation and the question of responsibility in light of the staggering and senseless loss of so much life. I contend that theists will find unexpected allies in historical and anthropological works that examine how human action (and inaction) causes or exacerbates much of the destruction "natural" disasters unleash. Questions to investigate include: (1) How responsible are humans for the suffering inflicted by "natural" disasters? (2) If human beings are not solely culpable for such affliction, how should this impact a theist's faith position and the value of creation? (3) How can the findings and analysis of the scientists consulted in this article support a Levinasian priority of the ethical and liberation theologians' option for the poor? (4) How can a pluralized, ambiguous interpretation of the natural spur a deeper sense of eco-responsibility? (5) Which theological approach is best able to respond to the reality of our depleted and ravaged biosphere?
The Jurisprudence of Thomas Berry
Authors: Burdon Peter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractOn June 1 2009 Fr Thomas Berry passed away at his home in Greensboro N.C. In his final book before passing, Berry challenged human society to a carry out a transition from a period of human devastation of the Earth to a period when humans would be present to the planet in a mutually beneficial manner. This 'Great Work' encompassed religion, education, science and law. In this paper I will address Berry's argument that our current legal system supports the destruction of the environment and outline two ideas he put forward for evolving law. The first idea recognises that human law operates within and should be bound by the overarching laws of the natural world. From this perspective, the laws of nature are primary and human law would receive its legal quality and authority from its conformity with this law. The second proposal was to recognise that the earth consists of subjects, not objects and that all subjects are capable of holding rights. I will consider this argument in the context of two recent enactments of 'rights for nature' legislation in municipalities in the United States and in the constitution of Ecuador.
Nature, Environment and Beauty: An Examination of the Beliefs of Modern Black Churchgoers and John Muir
Authors: Smith-Cavros Eileen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis qualitative research examined participants in environment-related projects in Miami, Florida, who were Black churchgoers driven by a sense of spirituality and stewardship. An examination of interviews and participant observations demonstrated that participants were strongly influenced by a shared concept of "beauty" in nature. This use of the word and concept of "beauty" to refer to nature was connected both to Black history and religion in inspiring participants' actions and attitudes toward environmental preservation. This emphasis on "beauty" as it relates to nature was independent from, yet quite similar to, the idea and language of spiritual "beauty" displayed in the writings of early U.S. conservationist John Muir. These similarities suggest commonalities where sometimes only division is perceived, and underscore the importance and applicability of interconnectedness in the contemporary environmental protection movement.
A Feng Shui landscape and Tree Planting with explanation based on Feng Shui Diaries: A case study of Mainland Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Nakama Yuei , Chen Bixia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractHigh mountains in back and facing the sea is an ideal Feng Shui village landscape in Okinawa. Such a location is perfect for semi-agricultural and semi-fishing production.When and how a Feng Shui village came into being is still a myth to the historians. The only complete records of Feng Shui village inspections of Inamine and its close neighbor, Makija hamlets, by Feng Shui masters from 1857 to 1888 exist there. These items of literature allow us to have a rough look at Feng Shui layout in then early-modern Ryukyu. On basis of Feng Shui diaries and remnant huge Fukugi trees, this study aims to clarify the settlement and the development process of Feng Shui village landscape in Okinawa.Tree planting has been highlighted in these Feng Shui diaries. Utakis, the local sacred places usually covered with lush forests, are the primary concern of village Feng Shui. Dense forests were required to be planted on the Feng Shui sites, a spot or an area of significance to the whole village Feng Shui. Tree planting around the houses, along the coastline, and even along rivers has effectively protected the village houses and paddy fields from strong winds. All remnant huge Fukugi trees older than 200 years were found in Muranaha, the hamlet center and also the oldest part of Inamine hamlet. About 14 big trees were standing in village Ho:go, among which 13 were on the coastline. Ho:go is a particular Feng Shui word in Okinawa, literally means embraced protection. Ho:go is also used to refer to forest belts that surround a house, a village or coastline. It is assumed that Ho:go might have been recommended by the central government around 1737-1750 in Okinawa. The biggest tree found in Inamine is estimated to be around 298 years old. From the remnant trees, a number of houses in Inamine might have existed early to 300 years ago. It might have been considered as an administrative hamlet by the central government around 1751, with the planting of village Ho:go. The oldest houses were first built in the center and, with the population increase, later spread to the surrounding areas.
China's Environmental Crisis: Practical Insights from Chinese Religiosity
Authors: Chang Peter T. C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConfronted with a looming ecological crisis, calls are intensifying for modern China to rekindle its ancient naturalistic worldview. My paper explores the practical implications of these exhortations, namely, the requisite actions to transform contemporary Chinese into citizenry committed to sustainable living. Two trademarks of the traditional Chinese moral enterprise will be elaborated. The first is the doctrine of concentric circle. I will explain that the Confucian strategy to fulfill humankind's universal obligation is to begin with rectifying the self, the local community and extending incrementally towards the embracing of all things. The process to heal nature's wounds henceforth must similarly commence with disciplined self-cultivation anchored in the nuclear family. The second is ancestral worship, which I plan to argue has efficacy in strengthening people's resolve to subsist sacrificially for the sake of their descendents. As a platform to venerate the dead, this ritual also serves as conduit to a spiritual realm that awakens the living and reinforces our bond to the future generation.
“Our native place — our cinema”: Nation, State and Colony in the Amoy-Dialect Film Industry of the 1950s
Authors: Taylor Jeremy 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the origins, rise, and rapid decline of the Amoy-dialect film industry — an industry which was centered on the production of commercial Hokkien films in Hong Kong for mass consumption amongst Hokkien-speaking audiences throughout East and Southeast Asia in the 1950s. Building on recent research into “Diasporic Chinese film markets,” it examines this industry in light of the social and political changes (e.g. decolonization, the formation of new, postcolonial nation-states, etc.) that were occurring throughout the course of the 1950s in those areas in which substantial Hokkien-speaking communities existed. It also suggests that the very nature of the Amoy-dialect film industry should prompt us to rethink how we approach the study of “national” and “transnational” cinemas in Asia during the postwar period.
Vietnamese or Chinese: Viet-kieu in the Vietnam-China Borderlands
Authors: Chan Yuk Wah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article examines the contested identity of a particular group of Viet-kieu, who were born in China and who returned to Vietnam in the 1970s, by looking into their personal histories, descent backgrounds and the political and socio-economic processes they lived through in the past few decades. Unlike other Viet-kieu who returned from the West, the Viet-kieu in the borderlands rarely received any attention from the media or academia. They led a double life both in China and in Vietnam and experienced dramatic changes of fate from the 1970s, through the 1980s, to the 1990s. Their hybrid cultural endowment and cross-border familial ties were both detrimental and beneficial to their social and economic life within different historical contexts. Reopened borders around the world in the post-Cold War era have generated discourses on transnational economic integration, regional connectedness, as well as fluid mobility and identities. It has become a fashion to criticize the study of culture and identity as rigid entities, while the increasing stress on subjectivity and agency has made identity seem ever more evolving and changing. Putting aside the romantic notion of fluid and multiple identities, this article brings up a number of empirical cases to illustrate how identity is often shaped by the possibilities and constraints under different politico-economic circumstances.
Preparing Opium for America: Hong Kong and Cultural Consumption in the Chinese Diaspora
Authors: Sinn Elizabeth 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article studies how emigrants' consumption, conditioned by social values and taste transplanted from the home country, affected long distance trade. As tens of thousands of Chinese went to North America, Australia and New Zealand from the time of the Gold Rush, a market for Chinese consumption goods arose, with prepared opium being a leading commodity. Chinese, both at home and abroad, consumed opium by smoking and demanded opium to be boiled in a particular way. As brands prepared in Hong Kong were widely acknowledged as the best, the export trade in Hong Kong's opium to these high-end markets became extremely lucrative. Producers elsewhere resorted to different ploys to get a Hong Kong stamp on their products. The Hong Kong government manipulated different groups of Chinese merchants inside and outside Hong Kong to maximize its revenue from the opium farm, while rival merchant groups sometimes combined to trump the government. The situation not only offers a lesson for the study of state-business relations but also undermines the popular claim that the Hong Kong government practiced laissez-fairism. On another level, the study, by highlighting the consumption of one particular commodity, draws attention to the Chinese diaspora as transnational cultural space.
Entanglement of Business and Politics in the Chinese Diaspora: Interrogating the Wartime Patriotism of Aw Boon Haw
Authors: Huang Jianli 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article focuses on the wartime experiences of Aw Boon Haw who was the renowned billionaire peddler of the Tiger Balm ointment and owner of an influential chain of regional newspapers. After the Sino-Japanese War broke out in July 1937, he traveled from Singapore to the wartime Chinese capital of Chongqing to meet up with Chiang Kai-shek and his Guomindang leaders. But soon after, he opted to stay in Hong Kong throughout the occupation period and became closely associated with the Japanese-sponsored government of Wang Jingwei, even making a trip to Tokyo to meet the Japanese Prime Minister. When the war ended, amidst accusations of him having been a traitor who collaborated with the occupation authorities, he switched his loyalty back to China and the British colonial settlements and resumed his business operations and philanthropic activities. This wartime experience of Aw brings into sharp relief the sort of political entanglement which prominent Chinese overseas business people can be entrapped in. Suspicions about his wartime patriotism initially hounded him and he had to issue denials. However, in the midst of confusion over the outbreak of the Chinese Civil War and the American reversal of occupation policy in Japan, there was an absence of formal governmental or public actions, allowing the issue to fade away and Aw's business and charity to return to normalcy. It was more than 30 years later, at the height of the economic reopening of Communist mainland China and the renewed importance of Chinese overseas capital in the 1980s and 1990s, that Aw's wartime patriotism was re-examined, this time calculated to pass a new and presumably last verdict that Aw had been most unfairly judged and that he was actually an iconic true overseas Chinese patriot. This posthumous honor was conferred on him despite the fact that the supposedly new empirical evidence was far from conclusive. It was an act of political restoration in semi-academic garb and enacted with an eye to facilitating further business ties between a resurgent China and the Chinese diaspora.
An Excursion into Cai Peihuo's Colonial Diary, 1929–36
Authors: Heylen Ann 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis essay proposes an excursion into the labyrinth of Cai Peihuo's (1889–1983) self-reflection recorded in a diary that he kept between 1929 and 1936. Cai is canonized as an anti-colonial figure and one of the key players in the home front Taiwanese mobilization movement during the 1920s and 1930s when the island was under Japanese rule. The analysis of his diaristic writing is significant in two respects. First, it sheds light on the divergent manners in which this first generation of Japanese-educated, bilingual middlemen envisioned their futures within particular temporal and spatial settings. Second, it examines ways of comprehending how the recorded experiences of Cai's encounter with social change reflect his inner dilemma in identifying with the colonial Weltanschauung. To this end, I focus on those passages in the diary that elucidate Cai's linguistic activism, language proposals and orthographic alternations that characterize the diary narrative.
Kuomintang Soldiers and Their Descendants in Northern Thailand: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Duan Ying 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis research explores the community and the life of the Yunnanese Chinese comprising KMT soldiers and their descendants in northern Thailand. By describing three generations of these villagers, the article shows how the original Kuomintang soldiers and their descendants have adapted to life in northern Thailand, and become a category of Chinese there. Despite the influence of Thai culture especially on the young, certain aspects of Chinese tradition have remained important for their cultural identity, while Chinese education reinforces the socialization of Chinese cultural values.
Changing Roles, Continuing Ideas: Tan Kah Kee in 1949 and 1950
Authors: Lu Hu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article examines the activities of Tan Kah Kee in China and Singapore from 1949 to 1950 when Tan's role changed from that of leader of the overseas Chinese to chief representative of the overseas Chinese, to representative of New China, and finally to representative of the returned overseas Chinese. It argues that Tan continued to hold on to his ideas despite the changes in his roles. He went to China without the intention of never revisiting or returning to Singapore. He rarely criticized the British as he did the Americans. Almost all his proposals were still related to the reform of social habits and public health in overseas Chinese society. In continuing to hope that the new government in China would facilitate interaction between the overseas Chinese and China, Tan thus entertained hopes for the overseas Chinese to remain free to move between their place of domicile, China and even Britain.
From Demand for Asiatic Labor to Importation of Indentured Chinese Labor: Race Identity in the Recruitment of Unskilled Labor for South Africa's Gold Mining Industry, 1903–1910
Authors: Tu T. Huynh 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDespite international protests against bonded labor, the flow of indentured laborers during the 19th and early decades of the 20th centuries was extensive compared to the earlier centuries. The focus of this article is on the particularity of the “Chinese coolies experiment” in South Africa's gold mining industry which commenced in 1904. This 20th-century episode of indentured labor is notable for several reasons, and it serves as a springboard for the discussion of some fundamental issues in capitalist development, labor and identity formation. This article emphasizes the last, examining how a “Chinese” identity was formed through the development of the gold fields and, in turn, how this formation reinforced a nascent white labor aristocracy. It discusses two dimensions of this labor “experiment” in South Africa: (1) the heady debate on the decision to look to China for cheap labor and (2) desertion by the indentured Chinese laborers from various mining compounds in the Witwatersrand.
Sinifying New Spain: Cathay's Influence on Colonial Mexico via the Nao de China
Authors: Slack, Jr. Edward 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe study of Asian migration to colonial Mexico via the nao de China — especially by Chinese and mestizos living in the Philippines — has been languishing in academic oblivion. This article reveals how transpacific relations between Manila and Acapulco profoundly affected the social, economic, religious, and political spheres of activity in New Spain. Aside from the challenges encountered by chinos acclimating to a Castilian race-based hierarchy, it also probes the reasons behind widespread social amnesia in the mid-to-late 18th century with respect to Mexico's Oriental heritage. Furthermore, this article contests accepted scholarly definitions of mestizaje (mixed-race heritage) that emphasize a purely Atlantic pedigree. Reconstructing the process of sinification in colonial Mexico is imperative to “reorienting” its history and chronologically repositioning studies on the Chinese diaspora in the Americas.
Chinese Chicago: Transnational Migration and Businesses, 1870s‐1930s
Authors: Ling Huping 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEmploying the theoretical framework of transnationalism, this study closely examines how the transnational kinship networks played out in various aspects of the Chinese businesses in Chicago, through reconstructing the transnational Chinese businesses during the period from the 1870s to the1930s. Utilizing primary sources in both English and Chinese, in particular the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) Chicago Chinese Case Files (CCCF) and Chinese gazetteers, it also demonstrates how the Chinese community in Chicago served as a vital link of the transnational migration and business networks and a center of commerce and trade in the American Midwest during this period.
Diaspora in the United States: Chinese and Indians Compared
Authors: Skop Emily , Li Wei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn recent years, the migration rates from both China and India to the U.S. have accelerated. Since 2000 more than a third of foreign-born Chinese and 40% of foreign-born Indians have arrived in that country. This paper will document the evolving patterns of immigration from China and India to the U.S. by tracing the history of immigration and racial discrimination, the dramatic transitions that have occurred since the mid-20th century, and the current demographic and socioeconomic profiles of these two migrant groups.
From Sojourning to Citizenship: The Chinese Community in St. John’s, Newfoundland, 1895-1967
Authors: Sparrow John K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis report examines the experiences of the Chinese community in St. John’s, Newfoundland, prior to Confederation with Canada in 1949. It argues that before Confederation, life for the Chinese in St. John’s was lonely, filled with tedious drudgery, and alienating. It was not until Newfoundland’s union with Canada in 1949 and eventual changes in immigration law in 1967 that potential for a meaningful future for both themselves and their families took hold. These political changes eventually allowed the Chinese in Newfoundland to become an official part of the social fabric of Newfoundland and validated their cultural traditions as ethnic Chinese.