bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional knowledge in an Italian population of children, pre-adolescents and adolescents
Authors: Tallarini Anna , Zabeo Alessandra , Ferraretto Anita 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate general knowledge about nutrition in an Italian population of children, pre-adolescents and adolescents.DesignKnowledge about nutrition-related items such as healthy eating, breakfast, snacks, fast food, beverages, fruits and vegetables, cereals and tubers, meat/fish/legumes/eggs, milk and dairy products, fats and dressings, and sweets was analysed by means of a self-administered questionnaire (QuesCA IT) containing thirty-one questions, that was translated and adapted from a Swiss version (QuesCA) previously used in Geneva and Vaud.SettingNorth of Italy (Bergamo, Milan).SubjectsStudents (n614) belonging to two different age groups: 9–11 years (GR1) and 12–16 years (GR2).ResultsData analysis showed that nutritional knowledge varied in relation to the age of the participants, increasing in particular in the older group, although this difference was not statistically significant for all the considered items. Nutritional knowledge also varied in relation to the gender of the participants, with females in particular seeming to possess better cognition. For each age group there was poor knowledge about the items healthy diet, snacks, milk and dairy products, meat/fish/legumes/eggs, and fats and dressings. Moreover, the percentage of participants who declared own knowledge as insufficient was higher in GR2 compared with GR1.ConclusionsThe present research demonstrates a lack of knowledge about the main concepts of healthy nutrition both in the youngest and oldest participants of the survey. This evidence, together with the presence of higher self-consciousness in GR2, should be taken into account in specific educational interventions during the school period.
Change of behaviour when selecting food products in a supermarket environment after reminding consumers about weight management
Authors: Saarela Anna-Maria 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim was to explore how the behaviour of consumers changed while they selected food in a supermarket environment after they were reminded about weight management. This investigation was carried out from the perspective of selection criteria, reading of package labels, nutritional quality of the products selected and time taken to select a product.DesignThe subjects, who were actively watching their weight, participated in two consecutive tasks in a supermarket. They were given a shopping list of eleven food categories and asked to think aloud while selecting from each category a product they usually buy and a product they would use for weight management. The data (n 792 selections) were collected through interviews and a verbal analysis protocol combined with wireless audio-visual observation.SubjectsThirty-six consumers were recruited from a sample of 367 supermarket customers.SettingKuopio, Finland.ResultsThe subjects’ behaviour changed radically after they were reminded about weight management. In the first selection, taste and familiarity were the main food selection criteria while in the latter selection the energy/fat content predominated. Consequently, the nutritional quality of products improved greatly because subjects read package labels twice as much in the latter selection. The time taken to select a product increased significantly, on average, from 23 (sd 10) to 60 (sd 51) s/product (P = 0·000).ConclusionsOnly by reminding consumers about weight management was there a significant impact on their food selection behaviour. Marketing communication should be developed which quickly and easily promotes consumers’ awareness of healthy food in supermarkets.
De Branges’ theorem on approximation problems of Bernstein type
Authors: Baranov Anton , Woracek Harald 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe Bernstein approximation problem is to determine whether or not the space of all polynomials is dense in a given weighted ${C}_{0} $-space on the real line. A theorem of de Branges characterizes non-density by existence of an entire function of Krein class being related with the weight in a certain way. An analogous result holds true for weighted sup-norm approximation by entire functions of exponential type at most $\tau $ and bounded on the real axis ($\tau \gt 0$ fixed).We consider approximation in weighted ${C}_{0} $-spaces by functions belonging to a prescribed subspace of entire functions which is solely assumed to be invariant under division of zeros and passing from $F(z)$ to $ \overline{F( \overline{z} )} $, and establish the precise analogue of de Branges’ theorem. For the proof we follow the lines of de Branges’ original proof, and employ some results of Pitt.
Astrometric observations of neutron stars
Authors: Chatterjee Shami 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAstrometric observations of neutron stars have been conducted with a variety of techniques and over a wide range of wavelengths, ranging from radio-pulse timing and Very Long Baseline Interferometry to optical and X-ray imaging. Here I review the techniques and scientific goals behind recent high-precision neutron-star astrometry. Such measurements can yield model-independent distances and velocities that can be exploited, for example, to locate neutron-star birth sites, establish reference-frame ties, model the Galactic electron-density distribution, and constrain the astrophysics of supernova explosions. Recently, the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope has identified several highly luminous recycled pulsars, and precise measurement of their distances is of paramount importance to understand their energetics and astrophysics. The ongoing science returns from precision astrometry will continue in the long term with improvements in technology such as focal-plane arrays and synergies with new telescopes such as Gaia and the Square Kilometer Array.
Parallaxes of metal-poor main-sequence stars
Authors: Chaboyer Brian , Feiden G. , Benedict G. F. , McArthur B. E. , Harrison T. E. , McWilliam A. , Nelan E. P. , Patterson R. J. , Sarajedini A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOur team was awarded 108 orbits of Hubble Space Telescope time to obtain parallaxes and photometry of nine metal-poor stars with [Fe/H] < −1.5 dex. The parallaxes are obtained from observations with the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS 1r; 11 orbits per star) and photometry was obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (one orbit per star). The first data were obtained in October 2008, and the data collection is ongoing. It is anticipated that the observations will be complete in June 2013. Preliminary data reduction has been completed for five of our target stars. The parallax errors vary from 0.12 to 0.16 milli-arcseconds, and the parallaxes are at least an order of magnitude more accurate than existing Hipparcos parallaxes for these stars. The errors in the true distance modulus range from 0.02 to 0.03 mag. Ground-based high-resolution spectra have been analyzed to obtain accurate abundances for three stars. The properties of the two stars with accurate abundances and parallaxes are in excellent agreement with those predicted by stellar evolution models.
Distance estimates in the Milky Way using tidal streams
Authors: Fantin Daniele S. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDuring the past 20 years, numerous stellar streams have been discovered in both the Milky Way and the Local Group. These streams have been tidally torn from orbiting systems, which suggests that most should roughly trace the orbit of their progenitors around the Galaxy. As a consequence, they play a fundamental role in understanding the formation and evolution of our Galaxy. This project is based on the possibility of applying a technique developed by Binney to various tidal streams and overdensities in the Galaxy. The aim is to develop an efficient method to constrain the Galactic gravitational potential, to determine its mass distribution, and to test distance measurements. Here we apply the technique to the Grillmair & Dionatos GD-1 cold stellar stream. In the unrealistic case of noise-free data, the results show that the technique provides excellent discrimination against incorrect potentials and that it is possible to predict the heliocentric distance very accurately. This changes dramatically when errors are taken into account, which wash out most of the results. Nevertheless, it is still possible to rule out spherical potentials and set constraints on the distance of a given stream.
Cepheid distances from the Baade–Wesselink method
Authors: Gieren Wolfgang , Storm Jesper , Nardetto Nicolas , Gallenne Alexandre , Pietrzyński Grzegorz , Fouqué Pascal , Barnes Thomas G. , Majaess Daniel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecent progress on Baade–Wesselink (BW)-type techniques to determine the distances to classical Cepheids is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the near-infrared surface-brightness (IRSB) version of the BW method. Its most recent calibration is described and shown to be capable of yielding individual Cepheid distances accurate to 6%, including systematic uncertainties. Cepheid distances from the IRSB method are compared to those determined from open cluster zero-age main-sequence fitting for Cepheids located in Galactic open clusters, yielding excellent agreement between the IRSB and cluster Cepheid distance scales. Results for the Cepheid period–luminosity (PL) relation in near-infrared and optical bands based on IRSB distances and the question of the universality of the Cepheid PL relation are discussed. Results from other implementations of the BW method are compared to the IRSB distance scale and possible reasons for discrepancies are identified.
VERA status and results
Authors: Kobayashi H. ,   the VERA collaboration
Published: February 2013

AbstractVERA is a Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) array for astrometry, composed of four 20 m radio telescopes. They are located over a range of around 2300 km in Japan. VERA consists of a two-beam system equipped with 2, 6.7, 8, 22, and 43 GHz receivers. The two-beam system is used for phase referencing of the VLBI observations, to compensate for atmospheric-turbulence effects between two nearby objects. It has achieved measurements of annual parallaxes within 5 kpc with 10% accuracy. Observed sources are water, SiO, and methanol masers, which are found in molecular gas around star-forming regions and evolved stars. We have carried out a large program of astrometry to reveal the Galaxy's structure and velocity field. VERA has already measured trigonometric parallaxes of more than 30 sources and observed around a hundred sources using the two-beam astrometry technique. Maser sources are associated with high-mass star-forming regions, which are thought to trace the arm structure of the Galaxy. Using annual parallax and proper-motion measurements, their structure will be shown without kinematic distance assumptions. Some sources exhibit large differences between trigonometric-parallax measurements and kinematic distances. We present the status of the VERA project as well as recent results.
Maximum-likelihood implementation of the tip-of-the-red-giant-branch method
Authors: Makarov Dmitry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe luminosity of the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) provides an excellent measure of galaxy distances and is easily determined in the resolved images of nearby galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). We use a maximum-likelihood algorithm to locate the TRGB in galaxy colour–magnitude diagrams. The algorithm is optimized by introducing reliable photometric errors and a completeness characterization determined based on artificial-star experiments. The program has been tested extensively using Monte Carlo simulations, artificial galaxies, and a sample of nearby dwarf galaxies observed with the HST's WFPC2 and ACS cameras. Our procedure is shown to be reliable, yield good accuracy, and does not introduce any systematic errors. The methodology is especially useful in cases in which the TRGB approaches the photometric limit and/or the RGB is poorly populated.
Improving Type Ia supernova characterization through multiwavelength studies of Type Ia supernova host galaxies
Authors: Tucker Brad , Schmidt Brian P. , Garnavich Peter 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPast investigations have shown a connection between the properties of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) and their host galaxies. We refine these studies using ultraviolet through mid-infrared observations of both nearby and distant SN Ia hosts. We present new results showing that the properties of SNe Ia, both intrinsic and with respect to their use as distance indicators, appear to depend on a combination of metallicity, stellar age, and star-formation rate of the host. We suggest that the stellar population age and location of the supernova progenitor all can play a roll in using SNe Ia as precision distance indicators, and advocate that a multiwavelength approach is one way to disentangle the different influences, resulting in an improvement of 8% in distance measurements.
Statistical analysis of the determinations of the Sun's Galactocentric distance
Authors: Malkin Zinovy 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on several tens of R0 measurements made during the past two decades, several studies have been performed to derive the best estimate of R0. Some used just simple averaging to derive a result, whereas others provided comprehensive analyses of possible errors in published results. In either case, detailed statistical analyses of data used were not performed. However, a computation of the best estimates of the Galactic rotation constants is not only an astronomical but also a metrological task. Here we perform an analysis of 53 R0 measurements (published in the past 20 years) to assess the consistency of the data. Our analysis shows that they are internally consistent. It is also shown that any trend in the R0 estimates from the last 20 years is statistically negligible, which renders the presence of a bandwagon effect doubtful. On the other hand, the formal errors in the published R0 estimates improve significantly with time.
Scientific goals of Nano-JASMINE
Authors: Yamada Yoshiyuki , Fujita Sho , Gouda Naoteru , Kobayashi Yukiyasu , Hara Takuji , Nishi Ryoichi , Yoshioka Satoshi , Hozumi Shunsuke ,   the JASMINE Working Group
Published: February 2013

AbstractNano-JASMINE is an ultrasmall Japanese satellite (with a weight of 35 kg), designed to carry out an astrometric mission. The target accuracy is 3 milliarcseconds (mas) for stars brighter than magnitude 7.5 at zw-band wavelengths of 0.6–1.0 μm. The observational strategy is the same as that of Gaia and Hipparcos. The time span of 20 years since the Hipparcos mission will enable us to update the proper motion data obtained at that time. With the help of these updated measurements, we expect that some stars will be resolved into multiple stars. In addition, taking advantage of the small primary mirror (with a diameter of 5 cm), we can measure bright stars which cannot be observed with Gaia because of saturation limits. The core data reduction for the Nano-JASMINE mission will use Gaia's Astrometric Global Iterative Solution (agis). A collaboration between the Gaiaagis and Nano-JASMINE teams was initiated in 2007.
Evaluation of microlens distributions in gravitationally lensed systems based on accurate radio observations
Authors: Zakharov Alexander F. , Simić Saša , Popović Luka Č. , Jovanović Predrag 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEnormous progress is being made in developing observational facilities. As a result, there are new opportunities to observe structures at sub-mas resolution. To explore gravitationally lensed systems, we simulate radio-lobe images distorted by microlensing. We show that the positions of ‘holes’ in lensed images may indicate the positions of microlens groups or overdensities.
Modeling and Simulation at the Interface of Nonclinical and Early Clinical Drug Development
Authors: Visser SAG , Manolis E , Danhof M , Kerbusch T 
Published: February 2013

The role of modeling and simulation (M&S) in early drug development was discussed in a break out session of the European Medicines Agency/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EMA/EFPIA) M&S workshop held in December 2011 in London, UK. The discussions were focused on two themes: (i) M&S in nonclinical and early clinical drug development and (ii) M&S for first‐in‐human (FIH) dose selection. Illustrative case studies were presented and links are listed in Table 1. Common objectives and next steps were identified, discussed, and agreed.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e30; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.3; advance online publication 27 February 2013
Modeling and Simulation in Clinical Pharmacology and Dose Finding
Authors: Staab A , Rook E , Maliepaard M , Aarons L , Benson C 
Published: February 2013

The breakout session 2 of the European Medicines Agency/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Modeling and Simulation (M&S) workshop focused on two topics: when and how M&S should be used and would be accepted by the authorities for the dose‐regimen selection; and when and how M&S can be applied to register a dosing regimen without the need for a specific study. Each topic was introduced by an industry and regulatory perspective, followed by case examples for illustration (Table 1).CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e29; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.5; advance online publication 27 February 2013
Volatile Flavor Constituents of Chamomile from Eight Different Areas of Greece
Authors: Gourna P. C. , Demertzis P. G. , Akrida-Demertzi K. 
Published: February 2013

Chamomile is a well-known medicinal plant species belonging to the Asteraceae (Compositae) family. Nowadays, chamomile is a highly favored and much-used medicinal plant in folk and traditional medicine throughout the world and can therefore be considered as an important medicinal species. It is an annual herb, growing up to 20–60 cm tall with branching stems. It has a typical compositae flower, with white rays and yellow conical center that is hollow. Although there are numerous varieties of chamomile, the two most popular are Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) and German or wild chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L. or Chamomilla recutita). Matricaria chamomilla is the only variety of this family that thrives in Greece.
The objective of this study was to identify the volatile constituents of chamomile (dried chamomile flower heads and chamomile infusions) from eight areas of Greece (Rodopi, Corfu, Ioannina, Karditsa, Evritania, Fthiotida, Chania and Rhodes). Chamomile samples were collected in two different time periods (during May of 2009 and 2010). The identification of volatile components was performed using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For the HS-SPME sampling two SPME fibers, coated with divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS 50/30 μm) and carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS 75 μm) were used. Each analysis was carried out in triplicate. Individual volatile compounds were identified by comparison of their retention indices (RIs) with those found in the literature and by comparison of the mass spectra of each compound with the Wiley mass spectral library as well as with the NIST mass spectral library. Sixty-nine compounds were totally identified in the dried chamomile flower heads, whereas fewer (twenty-six) compounds were identified in chamomile infusions. Between the two SPME fibers evaluated, the DVB/CAR/PDMS 50/30 μm fiber was shown to be the best choice for all the samples.
The brain uses adaptive internal models of scene statistics for sensorimotor estimation and planning
Authors: Kwon Oh-Sang , Knill David C. 
Published: February 2013

Significance
To test the hypothesis that the brain uses adaptive models of object statistics to interpret sensory information, we measured the statistical models used by subjects to estimate object speed when asked to hit a moving object. Subjects’ behavior showed perceptual biases to the mean speed within a stimulus set that accurately adapted to changes in the variance of a stimulus set. More significantly, the results show that the way that stimuli on one trial influence following trials adapts appropriately to changes in trial-to-trial correlations in a stimulus set, although subjects’ estimates of correlations retain erroneous positive biases.
PURTSCHER-LIKE RETINOPATHY IN ASSOCIATION WITH METASTATIC PANCREATIC ADENOCARCINOMA AND CAPECITABINE THERAPY
Authors: Shah Rohan J. , Choudhry Netan , Leiderman Yannek I. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:
To report a case of Purtscher-like retinopathy in association with capecitabine chemotherapy for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and cotton-wool spots in a predominantly juxtapapillary distribution were observed coincident with decreased vision. There was gradual improvement of the retinopathy and patient's vision over several months until the time of death.

Conclusion:
Metastatic pancreatic cancer and capecitabine, a fluoropyrimidine chemotherapeutic agent, are a rare cause of Purtscher-like retinopathy.
Metabolic Fluxes in an Illuminated Arabidopsis Rosette
Authors: Szecowka Marek , Heise Robert , Tohge Takayuki , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Vosloh Daniel , Huege Jan , Feil Regina , Lunn John , Nikoloski Zoran , Stitt Mark , Fernie Alisdair R. , Arrivault Stéphanie 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Photosynthesis is the basis for life, and its optimization is a key biotechnological aim given the problems of population explosion and environmental deterioration. We describe a method to resolve intracellular fluxes in intact Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes based on time-dependent labeling patterns in the metabolome. Plants photosynthesizing under limiting irradiance and ambient CO2 in a custom-built chamber were transferred into a 13CO2-enriched environment. The isotope labeling patterns of 40 metabolites were obtained using liquid or gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Labeling kinetics revealed striking differences between metabolites. At a qualitative level, they matched expectations in terms of pathway topology and stoichiometry, but some unexpected features point to the complexity of subcellular and cellular compartmentation. To achieve quantitative insights, the data set was used for estimating fluxes in the framework of kinetic flux profiling. We benchmarked flux estimates to four classically determined flux signatures of photosynthesis and assessed the robustness of the estimates with respect to different features of the underlying metabolic model and the time-resolved data set.