bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single population and common natal origin for Adriatic Scomber scombrus stocks: evidence from an integrated approach
Authors: Papetti Chiara , Di Franco Antonio , Zane Lorenzo , Guidetti Paolo , De Simone Valeria , Spizzotin Marianna , Zorica Barbara , Čikeš Keč Vanja , Mazzoldi Carlotta 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPapetti, C., Di Franco, A., Zane, L., Guidetti, P., De Simone, V., Spizzotin, M., Zorica, B., Čikeš Keč, V. and Mazzoldi, C. 2013. Single population and common natal origin for Adriatic Scomber scombrus stocks: evidence from an integrated approach – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 387–398. In order to implement proper fishery management strategies aimed at avoiding stock declines, information about connectivity among stocks and populations is critically required. In this perspective, the present study investigated population structure of the Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus in the northern–central Adriatic Sea by integrating multiple approaches (analysis of fisheries data, population genetics, and otolith chemistry). Monthly data of fishery landings indicate a latitudinal trend along the western Adriatic coast, with Atlantic mackerel disappearing from the northern waters in winter, corresponding to the reproductive season. Population genetic analyses by genotyping of eight microsatellites clearly point to the presence of a single panmictic population in the northern–central Adriatic Sea. Otolith cores of samples from the northern–central Adriatic were chemically homogeneous, suggesting a common spawning ground. These results strongly suggest that Atlantic mackerel perform an autumn–winter migration in the northern–central Adriatic Sea, from the northern to the central sector, to reach a single spawning ground, and that a single population is present in this area. Considering that S. scombrus has shown a marked decline in the last 40 years in the Adriatic, this study highlights a potential high vulnerability to collapse by overfishing for the Atlantic mackerel stocks in this geographic area.
Spatial and temporal variability of the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) distribution in the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Tseng Chen-Te , Su Nan-Jay , Sun Chi-Lu , Punt André E. , Yeh Su-Zan , Liu Don-Chung , Su Wei-Cheng 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Tseng, C-T., Su, N-J., Sun, C-L., Punt, A. E., Yeh, S-Z., Liu, D-C., and Su, W-C. 2013. Spatial and temporal variability of the Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) distribution in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 991–999. Logbook data for the Taiwanese Pacific saury fishery and multi-sensor satellite images for 2006–2010 were used to characterize the habitat of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) in the northwestern Pacific (NWP). An empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) approach identified that high cpue (catch per unit of effort) of Pacific saury occurred when sea surface temperature (SST) ranged from 14 to 16°C, chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl a) ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 mg m−3, and net primary production (NPP) ranged from 600 to 800 mg C m−2 d−1. A generalized additive model (GAM) and spatial non-stationary geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied to predict the habitats of Pacific saury in the NWP. The spatial distributions of Pacific saury in the NWP estimated using the two approaches were similar and matched the nominal cpue distributions and those inferred from preferred habitat ranges based on ECDF. The density of Pacific saury is higher in coastal waters close to the island of Hokkaido and near the southern Kuril Islands than in the open sea. SST, Chl a, and NPP were substantially higher in the fishing grounds for Pacific saury during the main fishing season (September and October), corresponding to a high cpue for Pacific saury (23.1 t fishing day−1). The GAM explained more variability in spatial distribution (35.7%) than GWR (20.5%) VGPM (Vertically Generalized Production Model). Results derived from this study could improve our understanding of Pacific saury habitat distributions, which could be used to forecast fishing grounds and to develop fishery management advice based on oceanographic conditions that might be impacted by climate change.
First Report of Calonectria Leaf Spot on Ohelo in Hawaii
Authors: Keith L. M. , Matsumoto T. K. , Zee F. T. P. 
Published: January 2013

Ohelo, Vaccinium reticulatum (Smith), is an endemic Hawaiian shrub, less than 1 m tall, which grows between 640 and 3,700 m elevation on disturbed volcanic sites on the islands of Maui and Hawaii (3). Ohelo berries are made into jams, jellies, and pie filling and are also a food source for the endemic nene goose, the state bird of Hawaii (3). In the summer of 2010, Ohelo berry plants grown in a greenhouse nursery located in Hilo, Hawaii, exhibited severe disease symptoms including leaf spots, stem lesions, and defoliation. The leaf spots appeared rapidly and were fairly severe. Subsequent field surveys of areas of naturally growing Ohelo within Hawaii Volcanoes National Park and along the roadside of Saddle Road were negative. An anamorphic state of Cylindrocladium was consistently isolated from the diseased portions of plants on potato dextrose agar (PDA). To determine the species, single-conidial isolates of the fungus were cultured for 14 days at 25°C under 12 h of light/dark conditions. Conidia were produced on penicillately branched condiophores having a stipe extension of 101.5 to 231.3 × 1.9 to 3.5 μm, terminating in a narrowly clavate vesicle, 2.4 to 3.5 μm. Conidia were hyaline, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, straight, three septate, and 58.6 to 77.77 × 4.29 to 5.72 μm. The nucleotide sequence of the partial β-tubulin gene was determined for strain Vr1 and a BLAST analysis of the β-tubulin sequence (GenBank Accession No. JX852715) revealed 99% similarity (337/341 bp) with the sequence of Calonectria pseudocolhounii strain CMW27213 (HQ285789) (1). Based on morphology and molecular sequencing, the fungus was identified as Calonectria irrespective of the teleomorphic stage in accordance with Lombard et al. (2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray inoculating eight Ohelo seedlings and eight Ohelo variety N06-7 (‘Kilauea’) plants with a spore suspension (105 conidia per ml) of one isolate of the pathogen obtained from 14-day-old single-spore colonies grown on PDA at 25°C. Following inoculation, all plants were maintained in plastic bags in a growth chamber at 25 ± 1°C and 90 to 95% relative humidity. Four plants were used as a control. After 5 to 7 days, foliar symptoms resembling those seen in the nursery were detected on inoculated plants; leaf drop was first observed after day 7. No symptoms were detected on the control plants. The Calonectria sp. was reisolated from the artificially infected tissues. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a Calonectria sp. causing disease on Ohelo berry in Hawaii. References: (1) S. F. Chen et al. Persoonia 26:1, 2011. (2) L. Lombard et al. Stud. Mycol. 66:1, 2010. (3) F. Zee et al. F&N-16, May 2011.
First Report of a 16SrIX Group (Pigeon Pea Witches'-Broom) Phytoplasma Associated with Sesame Phyllody in Turkey
Authors: Catal M. , Ikten C. , Yol E. , Üstün R. , Uzun B. 
Published: January 2013

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crops widely grown in the southern regions of Turkey. Sesame seeds are primarily used in production of tahini as well as a garnish on sweets and bakery products in the country. Sesame plants with phyllody disease symptoms have increasingly been observed in the fields of Antalya province since 2007. The disease incidence in these fields was found to range from 37 to 62% (2). Infected plants display a variety of the disease symptoms such as virescence, asymptomatic shoot proliferation, infertile flower formation, reduced leaf size, and thin and weak capsule development. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples collected from symptomatic (10 plants) and asymptomatic healthy-looking plants (10 plants) using a CTAB method and amplified with universal primers P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 in direct and nested PCR, respectively (1,3). Amplifications of the DNA from the symptomatic plants yielded a product of 1.8 kb in direct and 1.2 kb in nested PCR assays. No amplification was observed in symptomless plants of the same age and collected from the same fields. Amplicons were purified, cloned in a pTZ57R/T Vector, and sequenced using a Beckman Coulter 8000 CEQ Genetic Analysis System. Four aligned 16S rDNA sequences (1,845 bp) were found to be all identical and belonging to one species. One sequence was deposited in GenBank under the accession number KC139791. A BLAST similarity search revealed that the sequence shared 99% homology with the sequences of the members of 16SrIX group phytoplasmas, ‘Brassica rapa’ phyllody phytoplasma (HM559246.1) and Iranian Almond witches'-broom phytoplasma (DQ195209.1) available in GenBank. In addition, iPhyClassifier software (4) was employed to create a virtual RFLP profile. The analysis showed that the RFLP profile of the sesame phytoplasma 16S rDNA sequence is identical (a similarity coefficient of 1.00) to the profile of the 16Sr group IX phytoplasma reference sequence (Y16389). A phylogenetic tree was also constructed using the neighbor joining plot option of the Clustal X program. The sequence clustered together with 16SrIX group phytoplasmas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a natural infection of sesame by a new phytoplasma species from the 16SrIX group in Turkey. References: (1) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (2) C. Ikten et al. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 1:101, 2011. (3) C. D. Smart et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:2988, 1996. (4) Y. Zhao et al. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59:2582, 2009.
Peutz‐Jegher Syndrome in Childhood
Authors: Goldstein Stephanie A. , Hoffenberg Edward J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:We reviewed our institution's experience with Peutz‐Jegher syndrome (PJS) in children to determine whether current recommendations on timing of screening and follow‐up should be modified.Methods:We reviewed the charts of all of the children with a diagnosis of PJS at our institution from 2000 to 2011 abstracting data on intussusceptions events, polyp characteristics, Sertoli cell (SC) tumors, family history, imaging, and interventions.Results:Of 14 children identified, 10 were boys. Median age at first clinical evaluation was 4.5 years, and family history and/or mucocutaneous pigmentation were the 2 most common factors stimulating screening. Median age at first screening test was 5 years (range 1–16), and at first polyp identification, 5 years (range 1 to 18). There were 7 intussusception events in 5 children, with median age of 10 and range 5 to 16 for first event. Two boys had SC tumors at 8 and 11 years. Polyps were identified during initial screening in 9 of 14 patients. Polyps were found in the stomach or duodenum in 5 (36%), small bowel in 7, (50%) and colon in 3 (21%) children. Large polyps were identified in 9 children at median age of 7 years.Conclusions:Polyps causing significant clinical consequences can occur frequently in children with PJS younger than 8 years. Revised guidelines should consider initial screening at age 4 to 5 with capsule endoscopy and upper and lower endoscopy as well as evaluation for SC tumors and re‐evaluation whenever symptoms suggest polyp‐associated complications.
Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease in Children Younger Than 2 Years
Authors: Mišak Zrinjka , Hojsak Iva , Jadrešin Oleg , Kekez Alemka Jaklin , Abdović Slaven , Kolaček Sanja 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:To diagnose coeliac disease (CD) in children younger than 2 years, the old ESPGHAN criteria based on 3 small bowel biopsies were recommended until recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the applicability of only 1 small intestinal biopsy plus positive serology for the diagnosis of CD in children younger than 2 years.Methods:A prospective cohort study included 81 patients younger than 2 years with symptoms suggestive of CD, who all completed the diagnostic procedure based on 3 small bowel biopsies. According to the finding of the third biopsy, patients were divided into group A—CD confirmed (N = 44), and group B—CD not confirmed, after the gluten challenge (N = 37).Results:At the time of the first biopsy, total villous atrophy (Marsh IIIc) was found more often in group A than in group B (77% vs 27%, P < 0.01). Also, all of the studied antibodies were more frequently positive in group A than in group B (P < 0.01 for all of the tested antibodies). Positive anti‐endomysial antibodies and Marsh IIIc finding were the best discriminators between the group A and the group B and considerably contributed to the prediction of CD.Conclusions:The second and the third biopsies (before and after the gluten challenge) may also be avoided when diagnosing CD in children younger than 2 years provided that the child, at the time of presentation, has positive anti‐endomysial antibodies and Marsh IIIc on the small bowel biopsy. A gluten challenge should be still considered in all other children younger than 2 years.
Cimetidine, C10H16N6S, form C: crystal structure and modelling of polytypes using the superspace approach
Authors: Arakcheeva Alla , Pattison Philip , Bauer-Brandl Annette , Birkedal Henrik , Chapuis Gervais 
Published: January 2013

The H2 antagonist cimetidine forms many polymorphs, several of which have resisted structural analysis thus far. Using single-crystal X-ray measurements obtained from synchrotron radiation, the crystal structure of cimetidine form C has been solved. This layered structure crystallizes in space groupC2/cwith an unusually large lattice parameter,a= 82.904 Å. The thickness of each layerLis equal toa′ =a/6 = 13.82 Å, anda= 6a′ originates from a sixfoldLLLL′L′L′ sequence withLandL′ differing by 0.5b. This packing is reminiscent of polytypic stacking in metals. A (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace model is derived and used to explain and predict many polytypic modifications. This model is characterized by (i) the (3 + 1)-dimensional symmetry groupX2/c(α0γ)00, whereX= 0\textstyle{1 \over 2}0\textstyle{1 \over 2}; (ii) the lattice parametera′ and modulation vectorq= 1/n(a′*); (iii) the atomic positions of a single molecule of cimetidine form C; (iv) the primary variable, 1/n. The model reproduces the previously solved structure, the 6M polytype, and generates the related polytypesnM with lattice parameteranM =na′ forn= 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. A comparison of powder X-ray diffraction patterns available for cimetidine form C with those simulated for thenM polytypes suggests that the powder samples published previously probably contain a mixture of various polytypes.
Inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Hard Clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) by High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) and the Effect of HHP on the Physical Characteristics of Hard Clam Meat
Authors: Mootian Gabriel K. , Flimlin George E. , Karwe Mukund V. , Schaffner Donald W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractShellfish may internalize dangerous pathogens during filter feeding. Traditional methods of depuration have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective was to explore high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) as an alternative to the traditional depuration process. The effect of HHP on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in live clams (Mercanaria mercanaria) and the impact of HHP on physical characteristics of clam meat were investigated. Clams were inoculated with up to 7 log CFU/g of a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains via filter feeding. Clams were processed at pressures ranging from 250 to 552 MPa for hold times ranging between 2 and 6 min. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level (<101 CFU/g), achieving >5 log reductions. The volume of clam meat (processed in shell) increased with negligible change in mass after exposure to pressure at 552 MPa for 3 min, while the drip loss was reduced. Clams processed at 552 MPa were softer compared to those processed at 276 MPa. However, all HHP processed clams were found to be harder compared to unprocessed. The lightness (L*) of the meat increased although the redness (a*) decreased with increasing pressure. Although high pressure‐processed clams may pose a significantly lower risk from V. parahaemolyticus, the effect of the accompanied physical changes on the consumer's decision to purchase HHP clams remains to be determined.Practical Application: Shellfish may contain dangerous foodborne pathogens. Traditional methods of removing those pathogen have been found ineffective against certain pathogens. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on V. parahaemolyticus in clams. Processing conditions of 450 MPa for 4 min and 350 MPa for 6 min reduced the initial concentration of V. parahaemolyticus to a nondetectable level, achieving >5 log reductions.
Presence of Electrostatically Adsorbed Polysaccharides Improves Spray Drying of Liposomes
Authors: Karadag Ayse , Özçelik Beraat , Sramek Martin , Gibis Monika , Kohlus Reinhard , Weiss Jochen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSpray drying of liposomes with conventional wall materials such as maltodextrins often yields nonfunctional powders, that is, liposomes break down during drying and rehydration. Electrostatically coating the surface of liposomes with a charged polymer prior to spray drying may help solve this problem. Anionic lecithin liposomes (approximately 400 nm) were coated with lower (approximately 500 kDa, LMW‐C) or higher (approximately 900 kDa, HMW‐C) molecular weight cationic chitosan using the layer‐by‐layer depositing method. Low (DE20, LMW‐MD) or high molecular weight (DE2, HMW‐MD) maltodextrin was added as wall material to facilitate spray drying. If surfaces of liposomes (1%) were completely covered with chitosan (0.4%), no bridging or depletion flocculation would occur, and mean particle diameters would be approximately 500 nm. If maltodextrins (20%) were added to uncoated liposomes, extensive liposomal breakdown would occur making the system unsuitable for spray drying. No such aggregation or breakdown was observed when maltodextrin was added to chitosan‐coated liposomes. Size changed little or even decreased slightly depending on the molecular weight of maltodextrin added. Scanning electron microscopy images of powders containing chitosan‐coated liposomes revealed that their morphologies depended on the type of maltodextrin added. Powders prepared with LMW‐MD contained mostly spherical particles while HMW‐MD powders contained particles with concavities and dents. Upon redispersion, coated liposomes yielded back dispersions with particle size distributions similar to the original ones, except for LMW‐C coated samples that had been spray dried with HMW‐MD which yielded aggregates (approximately 30 μm). Results show that coating of liposomes with an absorbing polymer allows them to be spray dried with conventional maltodextrin wall materials.Practical Application: Liposomes have attracted considerable attention in the food and agricultural, biomedical industries for the delivery of functional components. However, maintaining their stability in aqueous dispersion represents a challenge for their commercialization. Spray drying may promise a solution to that problem. However, prior to this study spray drying of liposomes often led to the loss of structural integrity. Results of this study suggest that spray drying might be used to produce commercially feasible liposomal powders if proper combinations of adsorbing and nonadsorbing polymers are used in the liquid precursor system.
Comparison of the Proteolytic Activities of New Commercially Available Bacterial and Fungal Proteases toward Meat Proteins
Authors: Ha Minh , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din , Carne Alan , Hopkins David L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe hydrolytic activity of 3 commercially available protease preparations (bacterial protease G, fungal 31000, and fungal 60000) were examined using fluorescent‐labeled casein, azo dye‐impregnated collagen, and meat protein extracts from bovine M. semimembranosus and Achilles tendon, and compared to that of papain. Assays showed that all proteases exhibited little activity at low temperature (5 °C), and maximal activity at 45 °C. The pH, at which optimal activity was observed for each of the protease preparations, differed and ranged from pH 5.0 to 8.0. Kinetic parameters (KM and Vmax) were also different between protease preparations, with the bacterial protease G and papain exhibiting significantly higher Vmax values (P < 0.001) and lower KM values (P < 0.01) for the casein substrate than the 2 fungal protease preparations. Meat protein hydrolysis was displayed on SDS‐PAGE and proteins analyzed with mass spectrometry. The protease preparations were shown to have varying affinity toward different meat proteins. The bacterial protease G preparation was efficient at hydrolyzing most myofibril and collagen proteins, and appeared to be more efficient than papain at hydrolyzing collagen proteins. On the other hand the 2 fungal protease preparations showed a selective specificity toward meat myofibrillar proteins, and the fungal 60000 protease preparation exhibited high affinity toward collagen γ and collagen type I chain B proteins. The results generated in this study demonstrated that these commercial proteases have good potential for use in meat tenderization applications due to their mild and complementary effects on different meat proteins.Practical Application: Bacterial and fungal protease preparations exhibited varying affinities for hydrolyzing meat proteins. This selective moderate capability of microbial proteases compared to papain is potentially an advantage in avoiding over‐tenderization in meat. On the other hand, the bacterial protease G preparation, which appeared to be more efficient at hydrolyzing connective tissue proteins than papain, could be beneficial in tenderizing meat with high connective tissue content. The synergistic effect of these protease preparations could be incorporated into a meat tenderizing formula to give the tenderizer a broad activity spectrum, thus able to target different cuts of meat.