bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactive web‐based simulations for strategy and sustainability: The MIT Sloan LearningEdge management flight simulators, Part II
Authors: Sterman John 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe MIT Sloan School of Management has created a set of interactive, web‐based management flight simulators to teach key ideas in business, strategy, sustainability and related fields. The simulations are freely available through the MIT Sloan LearningEdge portal (mitsloan.mit.edu/LearningEdge). In these notes I describe six simulations available as of 2014. Part I describes Salt Seller (a multiplayer commodity pricing simulation); Eclipsing the Competition (learning curves, using the solar photovoltaic industry as the example); and Platform Wars (competition in the presence of network externalities using the video game industry as the context). Part II describes Fishbanks (the Tragedy of the Commons in the context of renewable resource management, updating the classic game by Dennis Meadows); CleanStart (building a startup firm, with clean tech as an example); and World Climate (an interactive role play of global climate negotiations). Each simulator enables participants to learn experientially about important concepts in management, strategy or sustainability. Each is grounded in a particular industry or firm, and comes with original case studies or briefing material describing the strategic challenges in these settings. Through these simulations, students, executives, policymakers and others can explore the consequences of different strategies so they can learn for themselves about the complex dynamics of important issues. I describe their purpose and use, illustrate their dynamics, and outline the instructor resources available for each. Copyright © 2014 System Dynamics Society
A critical review of African species of Eucyon (Mammalia; Carnivora; Canidae), with a new species from the Pliocene of the Woranso‐Mille Area, Afar Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Werdelin Lars , Lewis Margaret E. , Haile‐Selassie Yohannes 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEucyon is a paraphyletic genus of jackal‐sized canids that predated the appearance of true Canis in North America, Eurasia and Africa. In this study, we describe a new species of Eucyon, E. kuta, from the Woranso‐Mille Area, Afar Region, Ethiopia. The new species differs from all other described Eucyon in having the distal cusps of the p4 united into a crest. It may be the youngest Eucyon known from Africa and is larger than described Eucyon from that continent. Other described African Eucyon are briefly reviewed, and we suggest that some material may be referable to foxes (Vulpini), while other material may belong to the small bear‐dog Bonisicyon illacabo (Amphicyonidae) or a closely related taxon.
Technological Capabilities of Vacuum Arc Plasma Sources
Authors: Bystrov Yu. A. , Vetrov N. Z. , Lisenkov A. A. , Kostrin D. K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVacuum arc plasma sources based on the self‐maintained discharge developing in the cathode material vapor enable plasmochemical synthesis of nitride and carbide compounds. Reactive gas is injected in the metal plasma flux to implement the plasmochemical synthesis of compounds. By controlling the plasma flux parameters and taking into account the ion current density distribution in the active volume, properties of the formed coating may be managed. The development of plasma technology leads to possibility of fine controlling of gas pressure and reactive gas composition, degree of plasma flux focusing, flux separation from the drop fraction. If the plasma flux is free of droplets the composition and structure of a coating can be effectively controlled by varying technological parameters.
Wind energy literature survey no. 34
Authors: Pavese Christian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAs a service to readers, Wind Energy regularly conducts literature surveys and publishes lists of relevant articles drawn from recent issues of Wind Energy itself and a large number of periodicals including Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, International Journal of Energy Research, Renewable Energy, Energy Sources, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Electric Power Components and Systems along with a number of periodicals published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, etc. The list is limited exclusively to journals not specifically devoted to wind energy and its applications. To assist the reader, the list is separated into broad categories. Although many papers fit several categories, each paper is listed only once under the category thought most appropriate. Please note that the inclusion in the list is not an endorsement of a paper's quality. Compiled by Christian Pavese, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, PO 49, DK‐4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Please email any suggestions to cpav@dtu.dk. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Transition Metal Thiocyanato Coordination Compounds with 4‐(4‐Chlorobenzyl)pyridine as Ligand
Authors: Werner Julia , Neumann Tristan , Näther Christian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractReactions of transition metal thiocyanates with 4‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)pyridine (Clbp) lead to the formation of compounds of composition M(NCS)2(4‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)pyridine)4 (Mn‐1, Fe‐1/I, Fe‐1/II, Ni‐1, and Cd‐1) and M(NCS)2(4‐(4‐chlorobenzyl)pyridine)2 (Mn‐2, Ni‐2, and Cd‐2). In the crystal structures of compounds M‐1 the metal cations are octahedrally coordinated by two terminal N‐bonded thiocyanato anions and four Clbp ligands, whereas in compounds M‐2 the metal cations are linked by μ‐1, 3‐bridging anionic ligands. IR spectroscopic investigations show that the value of the asymmetric C–N stretching vibration depends on the coordination mode of the thiocyanato ligand and the nature of the metal cations. The thermal properties were investigated by simultaneous differential thermoanalysis and thermogravimetry as well as temperature dependent X‐ray powder diffraction. On heating compound Ni‐1 looses half of the Clbp ligands and transforms into Ni‐2. Clbp deficient intermediates were also detected on thermal decomposition of Mn‐1 and Fe‐1/I but the samples are of low crystallinity and therefore, their structures cannot be determined. Magnetic investigations reveal that Ni‐2 shows only Curie‐Weiss paramagnetism without any magnetic anomaly.
Relic density computations at NLO: infrared finiteness and thermal correction
Authors: Beneke Martin , Dighera Francesco , Hryczuk Andrzej 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in accurate dark matter relic density predictions, which requires next-to-leading order (NLO) calculations. The method applied up to now uses zero-temperature NLO calculations of annihilation cross sections in the standard Boltzmann equation for freeze-out, and is conceptually problematic, since it ignores the finite-temperature infrared (IR) divergences from soft and collinear radiation and virtual effects. We address this problem systematically by starting from non-equilibrium quantum field theory, and demonstrate on a realistic model that soft and collinear temperature-dependent divergences cancel in the collision term. Our analysis provides justification for the use of the freeze-out equation in its conventional form and determines the leading finite-temperature correction to the annihilation cross section. This turns out to have a remarkably simple structure.
Risk Factors for Malignancy in Branched‐Type Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas During the Follow‐Up Period
Authors: Kato Yuichiro , Takahashi Shinichiro , Gotohda Naoto , Konishi Masaru 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe international consensus guidelines for the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas were revised in 2012 Tanaka (Pancreatology 12(3):183–197, 2012), making the indications for operation less aggressive. Therefore, the number of branch duct‐type IPMN (BD‐IPMN) patients requiring follow‐up care is expected to increase in the future.MethodsThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for malignancy in BD‐IPMN patients during the follow‐up period. This study included 47 BD‐IPMN patients without a mural nodule (MN) at the time of initial diagnosis and who subsequently underwent resection after a follow‐up period of more than 3 months. Data for the patients were reviewed retrospectively, and the clinicopathological factors were investigated.ResultsIn a univariate analysis, age (≧65 years), an increase in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter, the MPD diameter at resection (≧5 mm), and the occurrence of MN were significantly associated with malignancy. The occurrence of MN was the only significant factor in a multivariate analysis. In addition, 7 of the 17 patients (41.2 %) who only exhibited an increase in the cyst diameter during the follow‐up period were diagnosed as having malignancies. All 6 patients who exhibited an increase in the cyst diameter of 100 % or more were diagnosed as having carcinoma.ConclusionsDuring the follow‐up period, the incidence of malignancy was higher among patients with BD‐IPMNs and the occurrence of MN, an increase in the MPD diameter, or an increase ratio of 100 % or more in cyst diameter than the others; resection was recommended for these patients.
Genome-wide screening of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes required to foster tolerance towards industrial wheat straw hydrolysates
Authors: Pereira Francisco B , Teixeira Miguel C , Mira Nuno P , Sá-Correia Isabel , Domingues Lucília 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The presence of toxic compounds derived from biomass pre-treatment in fermentation media represents an important drawback in second-generation bio-ethanol production technology and overcoming this inhibitory effect is one of the fundamental challenges to its industrial production. The aim of this study was to systematically identify, in industrial medium and at a genomic scale, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes required for simultaneous and maximal tolerance to key inhibitors of lignocellulosic fermentations. Based on the screening of EUROSCARF haploid mutant collection, 242 and 216 determinants of tolerance to inhibitory compounds present in industrial wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) and in inhibitor-supplemented synthetic hydrolysate were identified, respectively. Genes associated to vitamin metabolism, mitochondrial and peroxisomal functions, ribosome biogenesis and microtubule biogenesis and dynamics are among the newly found determinants of WSH resistance. Moreover, PRS3, VMA8, ERG2, RAV1 and RPB4 were confirmed as key genes on yeast tolerance and fermentation of industrial WSH.
Phase 1 trial of tivantinib in combination with sorafenib in adult patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Puzanov Igor , Sosman Jeffrey , Santoro Armando , Saif Muhammad W. , Goff Laura , Dy Grace K. , Zucali Paolo , Means-Powell Julie A. , Ma Wen Wee , Simonelli Matteo , Martell Robert , Chai Feng , Lamar Maria , Savage Ronald E. , Schwartz Brian , Adjei Alex A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryPurpose This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of tivantinib combined with sorafenib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Materials and Methods A standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design was used. At the RP2D, expansion cohorts in 5 tumor types could be enrolled. Pharmacogenetic and pharmacodynamic analysis were performed. Results Eighty-seven patients received the study treatment. The combination had no unexpected toxicities. The most common treatment-related adverse events (AE) were rash (40 %), diarrhea (38 %), and anorexia (33 %). The RP2D was tivantinib 360 mg BID and sorafenib 400 mg BID for all cancer histologies, except in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients tivantinib was 240 mg BID plus sorafenib 400 mg BID. The overall response rate was 12 % in all patients, 26 % in melanoma, 15 % in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 10 % in HCC, and 0 % in other patients. Disease control rate (CR, PR and SD ≥8 weeks) was 58 % in all patients, 90 % in RCC, 65 % in HCC, 63 % in melanoma, 40 % in breast cancer, and 8 % in NSCLC patients. Conclusions The combination treatment could be administered at full standard single-agent doses in all patients except those with HCC, where tivantinib was lowered to 240 mg BID. Preliminary evidence of anticancer activity was observed in patients with RCC, HCC, and melanoma, including patients refractory to sorafenib and/or other anti-VEGF pathway therapies. The combination treatment has therapeutic potential in treating a variety of solid tumors.
Inferior vena cava filters in patients with advanced-stage cancer
Authors: Mansour Asem , Ismael Yousef , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND:
Cancer and its treatment are recognized risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are utilized to provide mechanical thromboprophylaxis to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) or to avoid bleeding from systemic anticoagulation.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective analysis of 107 cancer patients who had IVC filters inserted and followed up at our institution was performed. All patients had active cancer; a majority (> 90%) had advanced-stage disease, whereas only five patients (5.8%) had stages I or II disease.

RESULTS:
Eighty six patients (80.3%) had their IVC filter placed through a jugular approach. Filter insertion was not without complications; recurrent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was reported in 10 (9.3%), PE in three (2.8%) and filter thrombosis in one patient. The value of IVC filter in patients with advanced stage disease was very limited: among 59 patients with stage IV disease for whom survival data was available, the median survival was only 1.31 months (0.92-2.20) with 23 patients (39.0%) surviving less than a month, and 40 (67.8%) surviving less than three months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Systemic anticoagulation can be safely offered for the majority of cancer patients. When the risk of bleeding or PE is high, IVC filters can be utilized. However, the placement of such filters should take into consideration the stage of disease and life expectancy of such patients. Patients with advanced-stage disease may gain little benefit from IVC filter insertion.
ON SARMANOV MIXED ERLANG RISKS IN INSURANCE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Hashorva Enkelejd , Ratovomirija Gildas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper we consider an extension to the aggregation of the FGM mixed Erlang risks, proposed by Cossette et al. (2013 Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 52, 560–572), in which we introduce the Sarmanov distribution to model the dependence structure. For our framework, we demonstrate that the aggregated risk belongs to the class of Erlang mixtures. Following results from S. C. K. Lee and X. S. Lin (2010 North American Actuarial Journal, 14(1) 107–130), G. E. Willmot and X. S. Lin (2011 Applied Stochastic Models in Business and Industry, 27(1) 8–22), analytical expressions of the contribution of each individual risk to the economic capital for the entire portfolio are derived under both the TVaR and the covariance capital allocation principle. By analysing the commonly used dependence measures, we also show that the dependence structure is wide and flexible. Numerical examples and simulation studies illustrate the tractability of our approach.
Dynamics of pulsatile flow through model abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shyam Sunder , Pier Benoît , Biesheuvel Arie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo contribute to the understanding of flow phenomena in abdominal aortic aneurysms, numerical computations of pulsatile flows through aneurysm models and a stability analysis of these flows were carried out. The volume flow rate waveforms into the aneurysms were based on measurements of these waveforms, under rest and exercise conditions, of patients suffering abdominal aortic aneurysms. The Reynolds number and Womersley number, the dimensionless quantities that characterize the flow, were varied within the physiologically relevant range, and the two geometric quantities that characterize the model aneurysm were varied to assess the influence of the length and maximal diameter of an aneurysm on the details of the flow. The computed flow phenomena and the induced wall shear stress distributions agree well with what was found in PIV measurements by Salsac et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 560, 2006, pp. 19–51). The results suggest that long aneurysms are less pathological than short ones, and that patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm are better to avoid physical exercise. The pulsatile flows were found to be unstable to three-dimensional disturbances if the aneurysm was sufficiently localized or had a sufficiently large maximal diameter, even for flow conditions during rest. The abdominal aortic aneurysm can be viewed as acting like a ‘wavemaker’ that induces disturbed flow conditions in healthy segments of the arterial system far downstream of the aneurysm; this may be related to the fact that one-fifth of the larger abdominal aortic aneurysms are found to extend into the common iliac arteries. Finally, we report a remarkable sensitivity of the wall shear stress distribution and the growth rate of three-dimensional disturbances to small details of the aneurysm geometry near the proximal end. These findings suggest that a sensitivity analysis is appropriate when a patient-specific computational study is carried out to obtain a quantitative description of the wall shear stress distribution.
To what extent psychiatric patients feel involved in decision making about their mental health care? Relationships with socio-demographic, clinical, and psychological variables
Authors: De las Cuevas Carlos , Peñate Wenceslao 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundShared decision making (SDM) is an essential component of patient-centered care, but there is little information about its use in the psychiatric care.ObjectiveTo measure to what extent psychiatric patients feel they were involved in the process and steps of decision making about treatment choice and to analyse the influence of socio-demographic, clinical, and psychological processes on this perception.MethodsCross-sectional survey involving 1100 consecutive psychiatric outpatients invited to complete the nine-item Shared Decision-Making Questionnaire (SDM-Q-9), health locus of control and control preferences, self-efficacy and drug attitude scales, as well as a questionnaire including socio-demographic and clinical variables.ResultsA high response rate of 77% was registered, resulting in a sample of 846 psychiatric outpatients. SDM-Q-9 total score indicate a moderately low degree of perceived participation, with differing perceived implementation of the individual the SDM process steps. Patient diagnosis evidenced significant differences in SDM perception. Patients’ perception of SDM was explained by four main variables: the older the patient, the lower self-reported SDM; having a diagnosis of schizophrenia increases the likelihood of lower SDM; a positive attitude towards psychiatric drugs favors greater SDM, as well as a higher level of self-efficacy.ConclusionThe result of this study suggests that SDM is currently not widely practiced in psychiatric care. Further research is needed to examine if the low level of participation self-reported is justified by psychiatric patients’ decisional capacity.
Who or What to Blame
Authors: Eriksen Thomas Hylland 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe terrorist attack in Norway on 22 July 2011, carried out by a right-wing extremist, was a shocking event, leaving 77 dead and dozens seriously wounded. It soon gave rise to a range of interpretations and explanations as to the causes and implications of the attack. Engaging with classical anthropological and more recent sociological literature on trust and blame, the article shows that there was no hegemonic narrative or explanation of the attack, and similarly no broad agreement over the steps to be taken in order to reduce the chances of future attacks. Six different attempts to account for the terrorist attack are described, but only two correctly identify demographic change, migration and the rise of xenophobic politics as the underlying causes of the terrorist attack. This suggests that the high level of trust characteristic of Norwegian society is likely to be reduced as a result of accelerating change and accompanying social fragmentation.
Upper Katian (Ordovician) bentonites in the East Baltic, Scandinavia and Scotland: geochemical correlation and volcanic source interpretation
Authors: KIIPLI TARMO , DAHLQVIST PETER , KALLASTE TOIVO , KIIPLI ENLI , NÕLVAK JAAK 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAltered volcanic ash interbeds (bentonites) in the upper Katian of Baltoscandia indicate significant volcanic activity in neighbouring tectonically active areas. Katian bentonites in the East Baltic can be reliably correlated using sanidine phenocryst composition. Ratios of immobile trace elements TiO2, Nb, Zr and Th to Al2O3enable extension of the correlations to Scandinavia, where late diagenetic alterations could have caused recrystallization of sanidine phenocrysts. At least seven volcanic eruptions were recognized in Baltoscandian sections. Several bentonites found in deep-sea sediments are absent in shallow-sea sediments, indicating extensive breaks in sedimentation and erosion during late Katian and Hirnantian times. The areal distribution pattern of Katian bentonites in Baltoscandia indicates a volcanic source from the north or northwest (present-day orientation) from the margins of the Iapetus Palaeo-Ocean. Signatures of ultra-high-pressure metamorphism in the Seve Nappe (Central Sweden) and intrusions in the Helgeland Nappe Complex in Central Norway have been proposed as potential sources of the magmas that generated the volcanic ashes deposited in the East Baltic in Katian times. Geochemical similarities between Baltoscandian and Dob's Linn bentonites from southern Scotland suggest a common volcanic source in Katian times.
Genetic variation and association among factors influencing storage root bulking in cassava
Authors: TUMUHIMBISE R. , SHANAHAN P. , MELIS R. , KAWUKI R. 
Published: October 2014

SUMMARYCassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important storage root crop with largely unexplored and unexplained potentially valuable genetic variability. Genetic variability is important in selecting suitable genotypes for crop improvement. The present study was aimed at assessing the extent of variability in cassava storage root bulking, based on fresh storage root yield accumulated over time. Twelve cassava genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at three contrasting locations in Uganda. Assessments were done from 5 to 13 months after planting at intervals of 2 months. Genotype, harvest time, location and their interactions were significantly different for fresh storage root yield and most of the other traits assessed. Estimates of variance components revealed that a large portion of the phenotypic variance was accounted for by the genotypic component for all traits assessed indicative of substantial genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated. This genetic variability is important in a hybridization and/or selection programme because it implies that significant genetic gain through phenotypic selection is possible for the traits assessed. Fresh storage root yield was positively and significantly correlated with storage root girth, harvest index, shoot mass and storage root number. The information generated will inform future breeding initiatives to develop early-bulking cassava genotypes with farmer-preferred traits in Uganda.