bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective observational study to evaluate effect of heat inactivation on ABO titers performed by column agglutination technology and conventional tube technique
Authors: Pandey Prashant , Setya Divya , Ranjan Shweta , Singh Mukesh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
When determining ABO antibody titers, immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies can be masked by immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Hence, the measurement of actual concentration of IgG requires methods like heat inactivation (HI) of plasma. This study was aimed at determining the effects of HI on IgM and IgG titers performed by conventional tube technique (CTT) and column agglutination technique (CAT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a prospective, observational study conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. All consecutive A, B, and O group donors who gave consent for participation were included. All samples were consecutively tested by CTT and CAT, before and after HI (pCTT, pCAT).

RESULTS:
A total of 300 donors were included. IgG titers were found to be more than IgM titers. For group O, IgG titer results were higher for both anti-A and anti-B compared to group A and B. For group A, B, and O, pretreatment results were higher than posttreatment IgG titer results. Median anti-A titers were similar to median anti-B titers across all categories. Median IgM and IgG titers were higher for group O individuals than nongroup O individuals. There was reduction in IgG and IgM titers after HI of plasma. One log reduction in median titers was observed when ABO titers were performed by CAT and CTT.

CONCLUSION:
There is one log difference between median antibody titers estimated using heat inactivated and nonheat inactivated plasma. The use of HI for ABO isoagglutinin titer estimation can be considered in low resource settings.
Determining the effects of erythrocyte suspension on total antioxidant status and total oxidative stress values in pediatric intensive care patients
Authors: Koç Beyza , Yorulmaz Alaaddin , Akyürek Fikret , Yilmaz Resul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:
In the present study, the purpose was to examine the changes in total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidative stress (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) values in patients who underwent erythrocyte suspension (ES) transfusion in the pediatric intensive care unit.

METHODS:
The study was conducted with patients aged 1 month–18 years, who were hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine between 2018 and 2021 and who received a blood transfusion. The TAS, TOS, and OSI values of the patients included in the study were recorded.

RESULTS:
The patients included in the study underwent ES replacement at different times. Although the Hb concentration was 5–7 g/dL in 35.41% of the patients who participated in the study, 64.58% underwent transfusion when the Hb concentration was between 7 and 10 g/dL. No statistically significant differences were detected when the TAS values of the patients included in the study were analyzed before and after the replacement. A statistically significant difference was detected when the TOS and OSI values of the patients were analyzed before and after ES replacement. It was found in the present study that TOS and OSI increased in patients after ES transfusion.

CONCLUSION:
Consequently, the frequency of various chronic diseases might increase due to the inflammation caused by increased oxidative stress, and off-label ES should not be given to avoid this.
Multimodality, multidisciplinary approach to overcome technical challenges in a pediatric stem cell harvest for sickle cell disease with preformed donor-specific antibodies
Authors: Chowdhry Mohit , Lekshmi S. Minu , Thakur Uday Kumar , Kharya Gaurav , Nirmal Garima 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders caused by a mutation in the beta chain of hemoglobin (Hb) leading to a vicious cycle of HbS polymerization, increased adhesion-mediated vaso-occlusion and hemolysis-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we describe a multimodality approach undertaken in a 10-year-old girl child with sickle cell anemia with preformed donor specific antibody (DSA). The initial autologous stem cell rescue collection had to be aborted due to excessive clotting in the stem cell collection set due to elevated Hb S levels. Red cell exchange was performed in view of this and the subsequent autologous harvest was successful. Five cycles of therapeutic plasma exchanges were done before allogeneic stem cell transplantation to reduce the mean fluorescent intensity value of DSA. The child tolerated the procedures well without any adverse events.
Impact of buffy coat reduction on the severity of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions with red cell components
Authors: Singh Lakhvinder , Prinja Nippun , Jain Ashish , Sharma Ratti Ram , Marwaha Neelam 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) are the most common adverse reaction reported under the Haemovigilance Programme of India, and the use of leukodepleted blood products is recommended. The severity of the reaction may affect the morbidity associated with the reaction. This study aims to calculate the incidence of various transfusion reactions in our blood center and to evaluate the impact of buffy coat reduction on the severity of febrile reaction and other hospital resource-consuming activities.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
It was an observational retrospective study in which all reported FNHTRs were evaluated during the period July 1, 2018–July 31, 2019. Patient demographic details, component transfused, and clinical presentation were analyzed to identify factors affecting the severity of FNHTRs.

RESULTS:
The incidence of transfusion reaction in our study period was 0.11%. Out of total 76 reactions reported, 34 (44.7%) were febrile reactions. Other reactions included allergic reactions (36.8%), pulmonary reactions (9.2%), transfusion-associated hypotension (3.9%), and others (2.7%). The incidence of FNHTR in buffy coat-depleted packed red blood cells (PRBCs) and PRBCs is 0.03% and 0.05%, respectively. FNHTRs are seen more in females with prior history of transfusion (87.5%) as compared to males (66.67%) (P = 0.046). We also found that FNHTRs are less severe with buffy coat-depleted PRBC transfusion than PRBC transfusion as mean ± standard deviation temperature rise was less in buffy coat-depleted PRBC (1.3 ± 0.8) than PRBC (1.74 ± 1.129). The febrile response to buffy coat-depleted PRBC transfusion occurred at higher volume (145 ml) transfusion than PRBC transfusion (87.2 ml), and it was statistically significant (P = 0.047).

CONCLUSION AND SUMMARY:
Leukoreduction remains the main modality to prevent FNHTR, but in developing countries like India, the use of buffy coat-depleted PRBC over PRBC can reduce the incidence and severity of FNHTR.
Incapacitating pain in Parkinson’s disease: A case report
Authors: Jain Agam , Raja Pritam , Vengalil Seena , Chowdary Ravindranadh , Atchayaram Nalini , Yadav Ravi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Pain is an important manifestation of Parkinson’s Disease, with multiple mechanisms independently contributing to it. Here, we describe a case with predominant nociplastic pain. A 62-year-old woman with advanced Parkinson’s disease with motor fluctuations presented with a 6-month history of incapacitating pain. She described it as a burning sensation and tightness in her body, including the face, throat, and perineum. The pain precipitated when dopaminergic drugs wore off, lasting for 1–2 hours. Diagnosis of nociplastic pain was considered, and she was started on gabapentin along with optimization of her Parkinson’s medication; she responded to this treatment. Nonmotor manifestations could be the most incapacitating symptom, especially in advanced Parkinson’s disease. The etiology of pain in Parkinson’s disease may be difficult to identify, and its management can be challenging.
Noscapine shows antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, its clinical isolate Pf140/SS, and Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Babu Swaraj Kumar , Maharana Sameer , Chhatria Satyaranjan , Sahoo Dibya Ranjan , Nanda Ashirbad , Kanhar Satish , Behera Prativa K. , Mohanty Sanjib , Naik Pradeep Kumar , Sahu Praveen Kishore 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the antimalarial activity of noscapine against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (Pf3D7), its clinical isolate (Pf140/SS), and Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA).

Methods:
Using ring-stage survival assay, phenotypic assessments, and SYBR-green-based fluorescence assay, the antimalarial activities of noscapine were assessed compared with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in in vivo and in vitro studies. In addition, hemolysis and cytotoxicity tests were carried out to evaluate its safety. RT-PCR assay was also conducted to determine the effect of noscapine on papain-like cysteine protease Plasmodium falciparum falcipain-2 (PfFP-2).

Results:
The antimalarial efficacy of noscapine against Pf3D7 and Pf140/SS was comparable to DHA, with IC50 values of (7.68±0.88) and (5.57±0.74) nM/mL, respectively, and >95% inhibition of PbA infected rats. Noscapine also showed a safe profile, as evidenced by low hemolysis and cytotoxicity even at high concentrations. Moreover, PfFP-2 expression was significantly inhibited in both noscapine-treated Pf3D7 and Pf140/SS (P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Noscapine has antimalarial properties comparable to standard antimalarial DHA with better safety profiles, which may be further explored as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of malaria.
Assessment of public perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices using the Health Belief Model in Puducherry, India: A cross–sectional study
Authors: Govindasamy Dharani , Vijalakashmi Gnanasekaran , Vijayakumar Balakrishnan , Rahul Arya 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To assess the perspectives and barriers towards dengue preventive practices among the residents of Puducherry, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 300 households in Puducherry, using a population-proportionate (7:3) distribution from urban and rural areas by grid sampling. One adult interview per household was conducted and the participants were selected using a KISH grid. A semi-structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) with additional questions on knowledge assessment was used. Knowledge was assessed based on the correctness of answers and the HBM scores were calculated on a 5-point Likert scale. Participants were categorized based on the median score under each domain. Logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis and models were built to predict the performances in each domain.

Results:
Four percent of the participants lacked basic knowledge regarding dengue transmission. While 208 (69.3%) participants did not consider themselves at risk of contracting dengue within the next year, majority perceived dengue as a disease with low severity. Around 49.3% (148) were skeptical about the benefit of time and money spent on dengue prevention. Inadequate government efforts were stated as the major barrier (47.0%) and frequent reminders (142, 47.3%) as the major cue to action. Age above 50 years (aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.04-3.06, P=0.037)) and rural locality (aOR 2.68, 95% CI 1.52-4.71, P=0.001) were found to be significantly associated with poor knowledge scores. Urban participants had a significantly higher chance to perceive low susceptibility as compared to the rural counterparts (aOR 1.74, 95% CI 1.05-2.9, P=0.03). Participants with less than a high school education had low perceived benefits (aOR 2.46, 95% CI 1.52-3.96, P<0.001) and low self-efficacy scores (aOR 2.66, 95% CI 1.61-4.39, P<0.001).

Conclusions:
This study identifies key gaps in dengue prevention, including low perceived susceptibility, mild disease perception, limited knowledge of breeding sites, and overreliance on government efforts. Tailoring interventions to community needs, stratified to factors influencing the community perspectives can significantly improve dengue prevention efforts.
Mental emotional disorder is a predictor of stroke incidence in adults: Ten year results of the Bogor Cohort Study on Non–Communicable Disease Risk Factors in Indonesia
Authors: Riyadina Woro , Putri Alifa Syamantha , Tuminah Sulistyowati , Suswanti Ika , Turana Yuda 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To determine the stroke predictors for the 10-year of follow-up in Bogor City, Indonesia.

Methods:
The prospective study analyzed the data of 4445 stroke-free subjects aged 25 years and above that was part of "the Bogor Cohort Study on Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors". Data were collected by interview method with structured questionnaires, physical measurements three times a year, and laboratory examination every two years during a 10-year follow-up (2011-2021, without examination in 2020). The incidence of stroke is based on anamnesis results and examination by a neurologist. Other stroke predictor variables include characteristics, biological conditions, and risk behavior. We analysed 4445 stroke-free samples with Cox proportional hazard regression test.

Results:
During the 10-year observation, stroke incidence was 440 person-years per 100000 population (95% CI 370-530). During the follow-up of ten years, the main predictor of stroke was mental-emotional disorders with HR 4.2 (95% CI 2.8-6.3) after adjustment by age, hypertension, obesity, abdominal obesity, and high LDL-cholesterol levels.

Conclusions:
Mental-emotional disorders are the strongest predictor of stroke incidence. Hence, psychological factors must be controlled in a stroke prevention program.
Advancing public health preparedness: Establishment of Nipah virus molecular diagnostic test at the National Reference Laboratory, Sri Lanka
Authors: Harshani Hewa Babarandage Chathurika , Ruwan Denagama Vitharanage Rishan Geeth , Samaraweera Udage Kankanamge Isuru Udara , Weligamage Dedunu C U Dias , Abeynayake Janaki I 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To establish Nipah virus diagnostic capabilities at the National Reference Laboratory in Sri Lanka using the NIV Pune real-time PCR kit.

Methods:
Strict safety precautions were adhered during testing due to the high pathogenicity of the Nipah virus, with all diagnostics conducted in a BSL2+ laboratory at the Medical Research Institute in Sri Lanka. RNA extraction was performed using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit. The NIV Pune in-house real-time PCR kit was employed, following established primer/probe sequences and controls. The assay was validated using the Rotor-Gene Q Series Real-time PCR platform.

Results:
The validation run of the Nipah virus real-time PCR test demonstrated robust performance, with positive controls consistently detecting Nipah RNA at a Ct value of 21.50±0.01. Negative controls confirmed assay specificity with an external negative control which was also used as an extraction control and showed no interference. The internal control exhibited stable behavior, enhancing confidence in PCR results. The qPCR analysis graph illustrated the successful detection of internal and positive controls, validating the reliability of the assay.

Conclusions:
Establishing Nipah virus diagnostic capabilities in Sri Lanka signifies a proactive and collaborative response to the persistent global health threat.
Serum Calcium and Phosphorus Concentration in Egyptian Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty liver disease
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed F. , Elsayed Sameh S.E. , Yosuf Asem G. 
Published: August 2024

Background and aim
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is a multisystem disease that affecting the liver and extrahepatic organs. This study aimed to assess serum calcium, phosphorus levels in patients with NAFLD, and to investigate the association between NAFLD and serum calcium and phosphorus levels.

Patients and methods
A case–control study was conducted on 200 patients; 100 diagnosed with NAFLD cross-matched with 100 individuals without NAFLD regarding to age, sex, and BMI. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were assessed in both studied groups.

Results
Patients with NAFLD had low levels of serum calcium compared to individuals without NAFLD with highly significant P value less than 0.001.

Conclusion
NAFLD was associated with decreased level of serum calcium.
One-stage correction of angular deformities around the knee using internal fixation
Authors: Galal Sherif 
Published: August 2024

Background
Deformity correction has been long performed using internal fixation. Since the introduction of external fixation in orthopedic practice, it has gained popularity in correcting severe deformities, and many orthopedic surgeons have resorted to external fixation to correct severe deformities. The authors asked if internal fixation can be safely used to correct significant deformities with marked mechanical axis deviation thus abolishing the notion that external fixation is the only available option to correct severe deformities.

Patients and methods
A single-center, prospective study was conducted at an academic center from October 2014 to December 2016. A total of 37 patients with lower limb deformities were included in the study. Overall, 13 patients were corrected using locked plates and 24 patients were corrected using intramedullary nails. The average follow-up was 13.5 months (10–18 months).

Results
The desired correction was achieved in all patients. Union was quicker with plates, but this could be attributed to the younger age of patients in that group.

Discussion
Many methods of fixation have been used to correct angular deformities around the knee. With patients’ satisfaction gaining utmost importance recently, surgeons have been revising their approach in managing various orthopedic conditions, and limb deformity is no exception. During the surgeons’ pursuit to achieve their patients’ maximum satisfaction without compromising the accuracy of correction or rigidity of fixation, two new techniques have emerged, namely, fixator-assisted plating and fixator-assisted nailing techniques, which represent a breakthrough in deformity correction, because they combine the advantages of internal and external fixation. The use of internal fixation usually yields higher patients’ satisfaction.

Conclusion
Internal fixation is a safe and effective treatment option for correcting significant deformities of the lower limb.
Direct spondylolysis repair in young adults
Authors: Negm Mohamed A. , Akar Samir A.E.-S.A. , Hasan Faisal , Abdelaziz Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
Spondylolysis is a common problem affecting all ages, but in adolescent and young adults, especially the athletes, it represents a significant dilemma, as most of them are in their initial phase of their life and need a stable free spine. A minority of old people affected by this disease need medical care, and only a few require surgery, but in athletes and young adults, surgery usually has a main role. Reconstruction of the pars interarticularis is an alternative to segmental fusion; this technique has the advantage of preserving segmental motion. Most authors report good results of spondylolysis repair for young patients without intervertebral disc or facet affection.

Patients and methods
In this study, the fixation of the isthmus was done with a pedicle screw hook system. This stable and strong device is easy to use, allows anatomic pars interarticularis reconstruction, avoids postoperative bracing, and allows early ambulation. A total of 11 patients were assessed in this study. Their mean age at operation was 24 (range: 16–32 years), and the average follow-up was for 24 months (range: 6–36 months). Nine patients showed no preoperative degenerative disc disease and two patients had grade 1 changes. The visual analogical scale and the Oswestry disability index were used for assessment of pain and clinical outcome before and after surgery.

Results
The results were from ‘excellent’ to ‘good’ for 10 patients and ‘fair’ for one of them. The fusion rate was observed in all cases. Among the patients, the results were from ‘good,’ to ‘excellent’ in all cases, and consolidation was always observed. All of them showed normal disc height after the surgery.

Conclusion
Direct spondylolysis repair by pedicle screw hook system is an excellent and reliable method in the management of spondylolysis, especially in intact disc in young adults.
Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for lateral malleolus fractures
Authors: Zakaria Zeiad M. , Moustafa Sherif , Metwaly Radwan G. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Lateral malleolus fracture is one of the most common fractures that may occur as a part of ankle joint trauma. Open reduction and internal fixation is considered as the state of the art for displaced lateral malleolar fractures in order to obtain congruent ankle mortise. But in certain conditions, soft-tissue status together with patient comorbidities may impede this technique. Minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for lateral malleolus may be a suitable solution for ankle fractures with soft-tissue problems.

Patients and methods
Through the period between May 2012 and May 2016 in Ain Shams University hospitals, a prospective study on 51 patients with displaced lateral malleolus fractures as a part of ankle trauma with bad soft-tissue condition has been managed through the MIPPO approach. All patients have been evaluated as regards the grade of soft-tissue injury, timing of surgery from trauma, duration of the procedure, time to union, postoperative ankle function, and reported superficial peroneal nerve injury. Open fractures, associated pilon fractures, and established Charcot neuropathic joints had been excluded from the study.

Results
The minimum follow-up for all the patients was 12 months and maximum was 25 months with a mean of 13.7 months postoperatively. Thirty patients (58.8%) were grade III according to Tscherne classification of closed soft-tissue injury. Mean time of surgery from trauma was 45.9 h (12 h to 6 days). The average procedure time was 56 min (20–80 min). The average time to union was within 7 weeks (5–10 weeks), all patients had good-to-excellent ankle function with a mean of 89.9 according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score, and no superficial peroneal nerve injury was documented.

Conclusion
MIPPO for lateral malleolus is an effective and safe technique, provided that ankle mortise congruity is obtained.
Teaching Letournel classification
Authors: AS Hammad , Abu-Sheasha  
Published: August 2024

Background
The aim of Letournel classification was to identify accurately the pathological anatomy of the fractured acetabulum. For orthopedic residents, this classification system is somewhat cumbersome. An important objective is to facilitate the understanding of this classification system among the junior residents. The aim of this study was to compare two educational tools, namely the systematic analysis of the plain films and the 3D computed tomography (CT) scans in improving the diagnostic performance of orthopedic residents.

Patients and methods
Twenty x-rays set for acetabular fractures, including A/P, iliac, and obturator view, were selected from our hospital database. These sets were prepared in a quiz form. Thirty residents were asked to diagnose the given fracture using x-rays only. Then, the residents were randomly allocated to two groups. Group I was asked to repeat the same quiz with the addition of 3D CT-reformatted images (A/P and obliques). Group II was asked to analyze the same x-rays using an algorithm. Data collected included the training period of the resident, the answers in pre- and post-tests together with the subjective assessment of how difficult each diagnosis was.

Results
While the two groups showed a significant and similar improvement in reaching the right diagnosis, using the algorithm was significantly easier.

Conclusion
Compared with the advanced imaging technology, plain x-ray film if analyzed systemically is an easier way to understand Letournel classification when educating junior orthopedic residents.