bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface topographic characterization for polyamide composite injection molds made of aluminum and copper alloys
Authors: Pereira A. , Hernández P. , Martinez J. , Pérez J.A. , Mathia T.G. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn order to ensure flexibility and rapid new product development, the mold industry made use of soft materials for cavity inserts in injection molds. However, materials of this kind are prone to wear. This article analyzes the topographic characterization of the surface and wear processes in injection molds cavities. Two materials have been used to produce the cavities: aluminum alloy EN AW‐6082 T4 and copper alloy Cu Zn39 Pb3. The surface topography was measured with the use of optical interferometry profiling technology; roughness and surface parameters were determined according to ISO 4287, ISO 25178, and EUR 15178N. In order to complete this research, an experimental part with different thicknesses and shapes was designed, and cavity inserts of aluminum and copper were made. Polyamide PA6, with 30% fiberglass reinforcement, was employed in the experimental procedure. Measurements of cavity mold surfaces were performed after 9,200 cycles on each mold and at different locations on the mold. The surface measurement was made with a white light vertical SCANNING 36:39–52, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute On‐Chip HIV Detection Through Label‐Free Electrical Sensing of Viral Nano‐Lysate
Authors: Shafiee Hadi , Jahangir Muntasir , Inci Fatih , Wang ShuQi , Willenbrecht Remington B. M. , Giguel Francoise F. , Tsibris Athe M. N. , Kuritzkes Daniel R. , Demirci Utkan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDevelopment of portable biosensors has broad applications in environmental monitoring, clinical diagnosis, public health, and homeland security. There is an unmet need for pathogen detection at the point‐of‐care (POC) using a fast, sensitive, inexpensive, and easy‐to‐use method that does not require complex infrastructure and well‐trained technicians. For instance, detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV‐1) at acute infection stage has been challenging, since current antibody‐based POC technologies are not effective due to low concentration of antibodies. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time a label‐free electrical sensing method that can detect lysed viruses, i.e. viral nano‐lysate, through impedance analysis, offering an alternative technology to the antibody‐based methods such as dipsticks and Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The presented method is a broadly applicable platform technology that can potentially be adapted to detect multiple pathogens utilizing impedance spectroscopy for other infectious diseases including herpes, influenza, hepatitis, pox, malaria, and tuberculosis. The presented method offers a rapid and portable tool that can be used as a detection technology at the POC in resource‐constrained settings, as well as hospital and primary care settings.
A data‐centric capability‐focused approach for system‐of‐systems architecture modeling and analysis
Authors: Ge Bingfeng , Hipel Keith W. , Yang Kewei , Chen Yingwu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA data‐centric, capability‐focused approach is proposed to facilitate the architecture modeling and analysis of challenging system‐of‐systems (SoS). This approach abstracts essential information from the underlying complexity with the architecture modeling in a data‐centric and semantically consistent fashion, and allows early understanding and exploration of the logical, behavioral, and performance characteristics to achieve the desired capabilities. More specifically, a high‐level data meta‐model, depicting the semantic relationships of constituent architectural data elements, is first presented to guide the architectural data modeling, which is aligned well with the US Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) Meta‐model (DM2). Then, the development of architectural descriptions and the construction of executable models are studied based on the core architectural data elements. Additionally, architecture analysis using static and executable models are discussed, including static analysis, dynamic analysis, and experimental analysis. The feasibility of the foregoing approach is demonstrated with an illustrative example. ©2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 16:
Comparison of urinary thallium levels in non-occupationally exposed people and workers
Authors: Staff James F. , Cotton Richard J. , Warren Nicholas D. , Morton Jackie 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Purpose
To determine a reference background urinary thallium level; to compare urinary thallium data from workers to this background level; to investigate factors affecting these levels and whether creatinine correction is appropriate.

Methods
Urine samples from non-occupationally exposed people (n = 273, from 113 individuals) and workers (n = 896, from 447 individuals) were analysed for thallium by ICP-MS. A reference background level was calculated, defined as the 95th percentile value of a non-occupationally exposed population. Worker data were divided into two subsets: thallium workers (those who work directly with thallium or its compounds) and general workers; and compared to the background level. Bayesian linear mixed effects modelling was used to investigate factors affecting urinary thallium concentration and the efficacy of creatinine correction for the determination of urinary thallium.

Results
The reference background urinary thallium level is 0.27 μmol/mol creatinine (creatinine-corrected) or 0.40 μg/l (uncorrected). Median values were 0.11 μmol/mol creatinine or 0.17 μg/l for non-occupationally exposed people, 0.12 μmol/mol creatinine or 0.20 μg/l for general workers and 0.19 μmol/mol creatinine or 0.41 μg/l for thallium workers. Variation was lower in creatinine-corrected models. Nine per cent of samples from general workers and 39 % of samples from thallium workers exceeded the creatinine-corrected background level. By 2010, 90 % of all workers had urinary thallium levels below the 95th percentile reference background level.

Conclusions
Urinary thallium concentrations were higher in thallium workers than non-occupationally exposed people and general workers. Creatinine correction is appropriate.
Experimental evidence for a short-wave global mode in film flow along periodic corrugations
Authors: Cao Z. , Vlachogiannis M. , Bontozoglou V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe primary instability of liquid film flow along periodically corrugated substrates is studied experimentally. Two different wall shapes, of the same wavelength and height, are tested for a wide range of inclinations. It is found that, beyond a specific inclination, a new instability mode occurs before the classical, convective, long-wave one. This is a short, travelling wave, which is highly regular and persistently two-dimensional, and appears to be a global mode. The exact shape of the corrugations has a leading-order effect on the inclination at which the new mode appears and on its wavelength at inception. Compared with the behaviour of film flow on a flat substrate, the presently tested periodic walls are found to delay very significantly, but each one to a different extent, the onset of the primary instability. This delay increases with inclination, and presents a distinct discontinuity when transition from the long- to the short-wave mode takes place.
Fluid drainage from the edge of a porous reservoir
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Soh Beatrice , Huppert Herbert E. , Stone Howard A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe report theoretical and experimental studies to describe buoyancy-driven fluid drainage from a porous medium for configurations where the fluid drains from an edge. We first study homogeneous porous systems. To investigate the influence of heterogeneities, we consider the case where the permeability varies transverse to the flow direction, exemplified by a V-shaped Hele-Shaw cell. Finally, we analyse a model where both the permeability and the porosity vary transverse to the flow direction. In each case, a self-similar solution for the shape of these gravity currents is found and a power-law behaviour in time is derived for the mass remaining in the system. Laboratory experiments are conducted in homogeneous and V-shaped Hele-Shaw cells, and the measured profile shapes and the mass remaining in the cells agree well with our model predictions. Our study provides new insights into drainage processes such as may occur in a variety of natural and industrial activities, including the geological storage of carbon dioxide.
Reproduction and caste ratios under stress in trematode colonies with a division of labour
Authors: LLOYD MELANIE M. , POULIN ROBERT 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYTrematodes form clonal colonies in their first intermediate host. Individuals are, depending on species, rediae or sporocysts (which asexually reproduce) and cercariae (which develop within rediae or sporocysts and infect the next host). Some species use a division of labour within colonies, with 2 distinct redial morphs: small rediae (non-reproducing) and large rediae (individuals which produce cercariae). The theory of optimal caste ratio predicts that the ratio of caste members (small to large rediae) responds to environmental variability. This was tested inPhilophthalmussp. colonies exposed to host starvation and competition with the trematode,Maritrema novaezealandensis. Philophthalmussp. infected snails, with and withoutM. novaezealandensis, were subjected to food treatments. Reproductive output, number of rediae, and the ratio of small to large rediae were compared among treatments.Philophthalmussp. colonies responded to host starvation and competition; reproductive output was higher in well-fed snails of both infection types compared with snails in lower food treatments and well-fed, single infected snails compared with well-fed double infected snails. Furthermore, the caste ratio inPhilophthalmussp. colonies was altered in response to competition. This is the first study showing caste ratio responses to environmental pressures in trematodes with a division of labour.
BnSP-7 toxin, a basic phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom, interferes with proliferation, ultrastructure and infectivity of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis
Authors: NUNES DÉBORA C. O. , FIGUEIRA MÁRCIA M. N. R. , LOPES DAIANA S. , DE SOUZA DAYANE L. NAVES , IZIDORO LUIZ FERNANDO M. , FERRO ELOÍSA A. V. , SOUZA MARIA A. , RODRIGUES RENATA S. , RODRIGUES VERIDIANA M. , YONEYAMA KELLY A. G. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYThis paper reports the effects of BnSP-7 toxin, a catalytically inactive phospholipase A2 from Bothrops pauloensis snake venom, on Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. BnSP-7 presented activity against promastigote parasite forms both in the MTT assay, with IC50 of 58·7 μg mL−1 of toxin, and a growth curve, inhibiting parasite proliferation 60–70% at concentrations of 50–200 μg mL−1 of toxin 96 h after treatment. Also, the toxin presented effects on amastigotes, reducing parasite viability by 50% at 28·1 μg mL−1 and delaying the amastigote–promastigote differentiation process. Ultrastructural studies showed that BnSP-7 caused severe morphological changes in promastigotes such as mitochondrial swelling, nuclear alteration, vacuolization, acidocalcisomes, multiflagellar aspects and a blebbing effect in the plasma membrane. Finally, BnSP-7 interfered with the infective capacity of promastigotes in murine peritoneal macrophages, causing statistically significant infectivity-index reductions (P < 0·05) of 20–35%. These data suggest that the BnSP-7 toxin is an important tool for the discovery of new parasite targets that can be exploited to develop new drugs for treating leishmaniasis.
Sir Raymond Priestley and Professor J. B. Cragg
Authors: Holdgate Martin 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTA mystery surrounds the failure to appoint Professor J.B. Cragg of Durham University as biological supervisor to the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey in 1958. In a recent note in this journal Dr Lance Tickell argues that Sir Raymond Priestley is unlikely to have been responsible. Cragg's approach was, however, closely followed by the present author between 1961 and 1966 in the programme based on Signy Island, South Orkney Islands.
To Take Arms Across a Sea of Trouble: The “Lascar System,” Politics, and Agency in the 1920s
Authors: Raza Ali , Zachariah Benjamin 
Published: February 2013

In the interwar period, a system for the movement of men, arms, and printed matter developed into a political network that in imperial sources came to be called the “lascar system.” Lascars were Indian seamen who worked for British and international merchant shipping companies and had contacts with trade unionists, communists, anarchists, and other politically active parties across the world—in particular in port towns such as Hamburg, Antwerp and Marseilles. They became key players in the politics of the interwar world, and especially in a still-colonised India, which was subject to various censorship regulations and a panoply of repressive legislation. A number of lascars became crucial in the emerging communist movement and in trade union politics. In a world of increasingly stringent border controls, restrictions on the movement of people, and paranoia about political radicalism and its ability to “infect” new areas, the lascars' mobility became an asset to political movements and a source of anxiety for states.Given this, it is surprising that the literature on lascars seldom, if ever, addresses the question of their political activities. This essay takes some steps in that direction, focusing on the 1920s, when the “lascar system” took shape. “Lascar” is of course a name given to a profession, not an identity or a political ideology; and yet the importance of this profession in the politics of the early twentieth century, and of the interwar period in particular, is far too important to ignore or treat as mere coincidence.
A “Moorish World” within the Company: The VOC, Maritime Logistics and Subaltern Networks of Asian Sailors
Authors: van Rossum Matthias 
Published: February 2013

Let us begin with a drawing, depicting the river mouth of Batavia. We see a lively scene. Europeans and Asians are fishing, peddling, rowing, riding, walking, and sitting along the waterway. A small prauw on the left appears to be manned by Javanese and Chinese. Behind the Waterkasteel, on the right, large numbers of oceangoing vessels are anchored before Batavia. In the middle of the drawing, we see three men on the path along the waterway, the “jaagpad,” pulling a flat cargo boat. The clothing indicates that these are “Moor” sailors. On the boat, we see three other sailors with turbans.This scene, drawn by Johannes Rach in 1764, places the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in its Asian context. In previous decades, increasing attention has been paid to the structure of the “Asian” or overseas organisation of the VOC. Even more so, research has shown the importance of the Company's participation in the intra-Asian trade. From 1500 onwards, European trading companies not only became important in intercontinental European–Asian trade, but they came to dominate maritime trade within Asia as well. The VOC was one of the largest merchants active in intra-Asian shipping for much of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. For the VOC, however, it was not only its presence overseas that built the link between the Company and its Asian context. The VOC and its Asian context became intrinsically interwoven. Leonard Blussé, for example, emphasises the character of Batavia, the headquarters of the VOC in Asia, as a “Chinese colonial town.”
Effects of chronic social defeat stress on behaviour, endoplasmic reticulum proteins and choline acetyltransferase in adolescent mice
Authors: Huang Guang-Biao , Zhao Tong , Muna Sushma Shrestha , Bagalkot Tarique Rajasaheb , Jin Hong-Mei , Chae Han-Jung , Chung Young-Chul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects of social defeat stress on the behaviours and expressions of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) and choline acetyltransferase (Chat) in the brains of adolescent mice. Adolescent male C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups (susceptible and unsusceptible) after 10 d social defeat stress. In expt 1, behavioural tests were conducted and brains were processed for Western blotting on day 21 after stress. In expt 2, social avoidance tests were conducted and brains were subsequently processed for Western blotting on day 12 after stress. Chronic social defeat stress produced more pronounced depression-like behaviours such as decreased locomotion and social interaction, increased anxiety-like behaviours and immobility, and impaired memory performance in susceptible mice. Moreover, susceptible mice showed greater expression of Grp78 and CHOP in the amygdala (Amyg) on days 12 and 21 compared with the other groups. Susceptible and unsusceptible groups showed significant increases in Grp78 and CHOP expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (Hipp) on day 12 compared with the control group; this persisted until day 21. The levels of Chat measured on days 12 and 21 were significantly lower in the PFC, Amyg and Hipp of all defeated mice compared with controls. The findings of the behavioural tests indicate that chronic social defeat in adolescents produces anxiety-like behaviours, social withdrawal, despair-like behaviours and cognitive impairment. The Grp78, CHOP and Chat results suggest that the selective response of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins in the Amyg plays an important role in the vulnerability–stress model of depression.
Iwasawa theory of de Rham -modules over the Robba ring
Authors: Nakamura Kentaro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article is to study the Bloch–Kato exponential map and the Perrin-Riou big exponential map purely in terms of$(\varphi , \Gamma )$-modules over the Robba ring. We first generalize the definition of the Bloch–Kato exponential map for all the$(\varphi , \Gamma )$-modules without using Fontaine’s rings${\mathbf{B} }_{\mathrm{crys} } $,${\mathbf{B} }_{\mathrm{dR} } $of$p$-adic periods, and then generalize the construction of the Perrin-Riou big exponential map for all the de Rham$(\varphi , \Gamma )$-modules and prove that this map interpolates our Bloch–Kato exponential map and the dual exponential map. Finally, we prove a theorem concerning the determinant of our big exponential map, which is a generalization of theorem$\delta (V)$of Perrin-Riou. The key ingredients for our study are Pottharst’s theory of the analytic Iwasawa cohomology and Berger’s construction of$p$-adic differential equations associated to de Rham$(\varphi , \Gamma )$-modules.
Re-emerging Christianity in West European Politics: The Case of the Netherlands
Authors: Vollaard Hans J. P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDoes Christianity re-emerge in politics even in the most secularized part of the world, Western Europe? In this article, the exemplary case of the Netherlands provides empirical evidence for two mechanisms of resurgent Christianity in party politics. In this way, the article also offers a more precise understanding under what conditions various dimensions of religion become (again) or remain politically significant. The first mechanism has been the incentive of secularization and secularism for remaining Christians to regroup in a so-called creative minority to convey an explicitly faith-based message to a broader public. Modernization has therefore not automatically meant less religion in politics. However, creative minorities remained a relatively minor affair in Dutch party politics, despite the large number of Christian migrants and their descendants. Second, Christian and culturally rightwing, secular parties have increasingly referred to a Judeo-Christian culture to mark the political identities of the European Union and its nations in response to Islam's growing visibility. The concept of Judeo-Christian culture foremost functioned as a sacred word to denote the liberal and secular order of the West, reflecting the re-emergence of Christianity as cultural phenomenon rather than faith in West European politics.
The Role of Modeling and Simulation in Development and Registration of Medicinal Products: Output From the EFPIA/EMA Modeling and Simulation Workshop
Authors: Manolis E , Rohou S , Hemmings R , Salmonson T , Karlsson M , Milligan PA 
Published: February 2013

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EFPIA) hosted a workshop on modeling and simulation (M&S).1 Representatives from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies from Europe and beyond discussed the role of M&S in the development and registration of medicinal products within plenary and breakout sessions (BOS). This manuscript summarizes the plenary discussion (Table 1) focusing on the European perspective. Deliverables from each BOS are included in separate papers.CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e31; doi:10.1038/psp.2013.7; advance online publication 27 February 2013
Children's Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables: Do School Environment and Policies Affect Choices at School and Away from School?
Authors: Ishdorj Ariun , Crepinsek Mary Kay , Jensen Helen H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSchool environment and policies may affect children's ability to make healthy food choices both at and away from school. Using data from the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study conducted in 2005 we estimate the effect of environment and policies on children's fruit and vegetable intakes. We use an instrumental variable approach to control for the endogeneity of participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP). On an average school day, school lunch participants consume more fruits and vegetables, including relatively more at school and less away from school compared to nonparticipants. Meal policies had little effect on NSLP participation itself. Policies that restrict high fat milks or desserts and restrict the sale of competitive foods are associated with greater fruit and/or vegetable intake at school; some policies affected consumption at home as well.