bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sippenstruktur des Genus Strychnos L. in der Flora Vietnams1
Authors: Khánh Trâń Cȏng 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen des Forschungsprogramms zur Untersuchung der Sippenstruktur und der Nutzung von Arzneipflanzen, besonders in der Gattung Strychnos, in der Flora Vietnams wurde die vorliegende Arbeit durchgeführt.Es wurden 1145 Exsikkate von 19 in Vietnam vorkommenden Arten aus Süd‐ und Südost‐Asien bis Australien untersucht. Auf Grund der morphologisch‐anatomisch‐palynologisch und chemischen Untersuchungen wurde die Sektion Strychnos s. l. in zwei Sektionen und zwi Subsektionen geteilt, nämlich sect. Strychnos s. str. – subsect. Nitidae T. C. Khánh, subsect. nov., subsect. Wallichianac T. C. Khánh subsect., nov. – und sect. Angustiflorac T. C. Khánh, sect. nov.Die Arten S. daclacensis T. C. Khánh, s p. nov. und S. sonlaensis T. C. Khánh, sp. nov. wurden neu beschrieben. S. spireana Dor wurde wieder aus S. nux‐vomica als sclbständige Art herausgenommen. Die Gliederung der Sippen der Gattung Strychnos in Vietnam wurde nach der Kenntnis des Merkmalskomplexes umgebaut.Für fast jede Merkmalsgruppe wurde eine Evolutionstendenz skizziert und darüber diskutiert. Die vermutlichen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Sippen wurden begründet und zwei Bestimmungsschlüssel der Arten (nach vegetativen und generativen Merkmalen) vorgelegt.
Some hybrids from the genus Chenopodium L.
Authors: Dvořák František 
Published: August 2024

SummaryChenopodium ficifolium Smith (2n = 18) crosses with: Chenopodium album L.; Chenopodium album × strictum; Chenopodium album × suecicum; Chenopodium opulifolium Schrader ex DC. in Lam. et DC.Chenopodium striatiforme J. Murr (2n = 36) .crosses with hexaploid species of Chenopodium L. In addition to the earlier described hybrids there were also investigated: Chenopodiutn diversifolium × striatiforme; Chenopodium album × diversifolium × striatiforme.Chenopodium strictum Roth (2n = 36) crosses with: Chenopodium suecicum J. Murr (2n = 18); Chenopodium album × .suecicum (2n = 18, 36).Chenopodium album × ficifolium: 2n = 18, 36, 54. Chenopodium album × striatiforme: 2n = 36; Chenopodium album × strictum × suecicum: 2n = 54.
The taxonomic importance of nectary variation in the genus Biscutella L.
Authors: Olowokudejo J. Dele 
Published: August 2024

SummaryFloral nectaries have been investigated in twenty five taxa of Biscutella in the course of a systematic revision of the genus. Either four or six nectary glands were found located on the receptacle at the base of the staminal filaments. In some taxa all nectaries were found to be exclusively extrastaminal while in others the lateral nectaries were intrastaminal and the median ones were extrastaminal. In one taxon the lateral nectaries form continuous rings encircling the lateral stamens. Inter‐specific variation patterns have been observed in the number, shape, lobing and orientation of the nectary glands. These characters are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the genus.
Seedling anatomy of some Apocynaceae
Authors: Jain S. , Pillai A. , Goyal S. C. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryGermination is epigeal. The primary root is tetrarch in Carissa, Nerium and Wrightia and hexarch in Thevetia. The absence of rotation in the xylem during transition and the gradual disappearance of root protoxylem support Bonnier’s (1900 a, b) view of the gradual inward shifting of the pole of xylem differentiation. The root‐hypocotyl‐cotyledonary vasculature and epicotyl vasculature are ontogenetically separate units. The cotyledonary node is unilacunar unitrace in Carissa, Nerium and Thevetia and unilacunar two‐trace in Wrightia. The cotyledonary vasculature seems to support Bailey’s (1956) suggestion of the unilacunar two‐trace as a primitive condition.
Beiträge zum xerothermen Vegetationskomplex Böhmens IV. Die Ausstrahlung der Xerothermflora in Böhmen1
Authors: Toman Miloslav 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungMit dieser Arbeit werden die Kenntnisse über die Xerothermvegetation in den Bezirken Vltava‐Beroun und Milleschauer Mittelgebirge ergänzt. Sic charakterisiert ferner die Gesellschaften der Klasse Festuco‐Brometea im Ostteil des Böhmischen Xerothermgebiets und in den böhmischen Randgebieten. Ganz besonders beschäftigt sie sich mit dem Problem des Ausklingens der Xerothermvegetation auf Kalk und Serpentinit in den Randgebieten Böhmens. Verfasser vertritt die Auffassung, daß das böhmische Xerothermgebiet und die Randgebiete Böhmens zwei selbständige Systeme innerhalb der Xerothermvegetation darstellen. Dabei ist die erstgenannte das ǎltere, das zweite ist das jüngere System.
Leaf epidermal studies in the Genus Vernonia Schreber tribe Vernonieae (Compositae) in West Africa
Authors: Isawumi M. Ayo 
Published: August 2024

SummaryA comparative study of the leaf epidermis of 62 species in the genus Vernonia in West Africa was undertaken. Variations observed in the cell shape, anticlinal cell wall pattern, cell size, cell wall thickness, stomatal frequency, stomatal size and trichomes are discussed and their taxonomic implications if any are noted. Essentially, the trichomes are more useful taxonomically in the discrimination of the species into sections than any of the other epidermal characters. Several figures are presented to explain the variations in those characters mentioned above.
Cultures et plantes commensales‐culturales au Mali central
Authors: Aberlin J. P. 
Published: August 2024

RèsumèAprès quelques considerations à propos des cultures pratiquées dans une zone du Mali central, trois unites phytosociologiques sont décrites (une Alliance el deux Associations) et une hypothése concernant la niche écologique probable des plantes commensales‐culturales est proposée.
Structure and development of hairs in cucurbitaceous fruits
Authors: Thanki Y. J. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe structure and development of epidermal hairs of five cucurbitaceous fruits are described. The epidermal hairs are glandular and eglandular. Glandular hair consists of 1–2‐celled foot and a body differentiated into a multicellular stalk and a clavate head. Eglandular hair is cylindrical or filiform and has 1–2‐celled foot and uniseriate multicellular body. The branched glandular hair of Luffa cylindrica is first time reported in the cucurbitaceous fruits.
Taxonomy of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae) as Judged Through Cytology
Authors: Särkar A. K. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe present investigation deals with several species of Begonia collected mostly from the plains and hills of the Himalayas. The chromosome numbers of these species vary one from the other. The different chromosome numbers that have been worked out are 2n = 22, 24, 26, 32, 34, 38, 42 and 48 of which 26, 38 and 48 are new numbers added to the family. Further n = 10 chromosomes have been found in Begonia lucerna, the number which is the lowest so far recorded in this genus.From a study of the chromosome numbers, it appears that multiples of 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 are quite common but it is difficult to find out the basic chromosome number in this genus due to such wide variations of chromosome complements.However, the different chromosome numbers noted in the species of Begonia are related to each other as is borne out by intraspecific variations which have been found to be quite common. Of the species investigated, seven members at last have variant nuclei with different chromosome numbers apart from their normal complement. The origin of such variations is sought either in endomitotic reduplication of certain chromosomes or non‐disjunction. Any way, such irregular behaviour is always under genotypic control possibly having a significance in the evolution of new genotype.The present investigation does not provide any cytological basis in the justification of creation of sections in Begonía as proposed by taxonomists.Lastly, inspite of wide variability of chromosome numbers in the genus Begonia, it represents a natural assemblage which has been brought out from a study of the karyotypes.
Phoenixin‐14 maintains the contractile type of vascular smooth muscle cells in cerebral aneurysms rats
Authors: Ling Cong , Yang Yang , Zhang Baoyu , Wang Hui , Chen Chuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rupture of intracranial aneurysm (IA) is the primary reason contributing to the occurrence of life‐threatening subarachnoid hemorrhages. The oxidative stress‐induced phenotypic transformation from the contractile phenotype to the synthetic phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a pivotal role in IA formation and rupture. Our study aimed to figure out the role of phoenixin‐14 in VSMC phenotypic switching during the pathogenesis of IA by using both cellular and animal models. Primary rat VSMCs were isolated from the Willis circle of male Sprague‐Dawley rats. VSMCs were stimulated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to establish a cell oxidative damage model. After pretreatment with phoenixin‐14 and exposure to H2O2, VSMC viability, migration, and invasion were examined through cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8), wound healing, and Transwell assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in VSMCs was evaluated by using 2′,7′‐Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA) fluorescence probes and flow cytometry. Rat IA models were established by ligation of the left common carotid arteries and posterior branches of both renal arteries. The histopathological changes of rat intracranial blood vessels were observed through hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of contractile phenotype markers (alpha‐smooth muscle actin [α‐SMA] and smooth muscle 22 alpha [SM22α]) in VSMCs and rat arterial rings were determined through real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) and western blot analysis. Our results showed that H2O2 stimulated the production of intracellular ROS and induced oxidative stress in VSMCs, while phoenixin‐14 pretreatment attenuated intracellular ROS levels in H2O2‐exposed VSMCs. H2O2 exposure promoted VSMC migration and invasion, which, however, was reversed by phoenixin‐14 pretreatment. Besides, phoenixin‐14 administration inhibited IA formation and rupture in rat models. The decrease in α‐SMA and SM22α levels in H2O2‐exposed VSMCs and IA rat models was antagonized by phoenixin‐14. Collectively, phoenixin‐14 ameliorates the progression of IA through preventing the loss of the contractile phenotype of VSMCs.
Dehydrocostus Lactone Ameliorates LPS‐Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting PFKFB3‐Mediated Glycolysis
Authors: Li Yue , Wang Xinrui , Zhao Lirong , Pan Boyu , Xu Xiao , Zhu Dongrong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAcute lung injury (ALI) is a destructive respiratory disease characterized by alveolar structural destruction and excessive inflammation responses. Aerobic glycolysis of macrophages plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of ALI. Previous studies have shown that the expression of the key rate‐limiting enzyme 6‐phosphofructo‐2‐kinase/fructose‐2,6‐bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in inflammatory cells is significantly increased, which promotes an increase in the rate of glycolysis in inflammatory cells. However, little is known about the biological functions of PFKFB3 in macrophage inflammation and ALI. In this study, we identified that PFKFB3 is markedly increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI mice and macrophages. Knockdown of pfkfb3 attenuated LPS‐induced glycolytic flux, decreased the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines, and inactivated NF‐κB signaling pathway in macrophages. Subsequently, we found that dehydrocostus lactone (DL), a natural sesquiterpene lactone, significantly decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of PFKFB3. Furthermore, it reduced the release of inflammatory cytokines and inactivated NF‐κB pathways in vitro. Accordingly, DL alleviated LPS‐induced pulmonary edema and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in mouse lung tissue. In summary, our study reveals the vital role of PFKFB3 in LPS‐induced inflammation and discovers a novel molecular mechanism underlying DL's protective effects on ALI.
Paradoxical action of PP2A inhibition and its potential for therapeutic sensitization
Authors: Jiang Yue , Yuan Ying , Qiao Guanglei , Deng Zhoufeng , Liu Zimei , Zhang Yan , Yu Liping , Lin Hongjian , Ma Lijun , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a serine/threonine phosphatase, is recognized as a tumor suppressor involved in diverse cellular processes and essential for maintaining cell viability in vivo. However, endogenous inhibitors of PP2A such as cancerous inhibitor of PP2A (CIP2A) and endogenous nuclear protein inhibitor 2 of PP2A (SET) counteract the anticancer function of PP2A, promoting tumorigenesis, development, and drug resistance in tumors. Surprisingly though, contrary to conventional understanding, inhibition of the tumor suppressor gene PP2A with exogenous small molecule compounds can enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment and achieve superior tumor inhibition. Moreover, exogenous PP2A inhibitors resensitize cancers to treatment and provide novel therapeutic strategies for drug‐resistant tumors, which warrant further investigation.
Money can buy me love: Gifts are a more effective form of acute social support than conversations
Authors: Howe Holly S. , Wiener Hillary J. D. , Chartrand Tanya L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIf you are having a hard day, what can someone else do to help you feel better? Maybe they could verbally comfort you or maybe they could give you a small gift. In seven studies, including an in‐person real gifting study, we find that receiving a small material gift, such as a candy bar or flowers, improves receivers' affect more than a supportive conversation with a close other does. We investigate the mechanism for this effect and find that support receivers perceive a gift to be a larger sacrifice than a conversation. This occurs because gifts seem more receiver‐focused (i.e., actions done solely to benefit the receiver) than do conversations. This difference in perceived sacrifice makes gifts (vs. conversations) more effective at promoting emotional recovery.
Determining the normal range of the calcaneus‐metatarsal angles in the second‐trimester fetal ultrasound examination using the novel measurement technique “Melek's angles”: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Turgut Ümran Kılınçdemir , Yücel Neşe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to establish the normal calcaneus‐metatarsal angles in order to facilitate the recognition of fetal foot deformities. Therefore, a novel measurement technique was determined using ultrasound and applied to nonanomalous fetuses in the 18th to 23rd gestational weeks.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 100 low‐risk, nonanomalous fetuses in the 18th to 23rd weeks of gestation. Measurements were obtained using the novel measurement technique in fetal ultrasound examination. Fetal biometry, foot sole length, first and fifth metatarsal diaphyseal length measurements were taken. The acute angle measurement of the line segment passing between the calcaneus outer lateral and proximal fifth metatarsal with the long axis of the first metatarsal diaphysis (CA‐mtt1) and long axis of the fifth metatarsal diaphysis (CA‐mtt5) was taken. Interobserver and intraobserver reliabilities were assessed by intraclass correlations (ICC).ResultsA strong positive correlation was detected between bi‐parietal diameter (BPD) and foot sole length, first metatarsal diaphyseal length and fifth metatarsal diaphyseal length (p < 0.0001). No significant correlation of these CA‐mtt1 and CA‐mtt5 angles with BPD was detected (p = 0.35, p = 0.82, respectively). The data suggest that the CA‐mtt1 and CA‐mtt5 angles remained consistently within a narrow range and were determined to be 20.0° ± 8.7° and 7.8° ± 7.5°, respectively. Intraobserver and interobserver agreement for CA‐mtt1 angle was moderate (ICC, 0.655) and moderate (ICC, 0.615), for CA‐mtt5 angle was moderate (ICC, 0.631) and moderate (ICC, 0.605), respectively.ConclusionA normal reference range was established for fetal sole length, first metatarsal diaphysis length, fifth metatarsal diaphysis length, CA‐mtt1 angle, and CA‐mtt5 angle in the 18th to 23rd weeks of gestation. It was determined that the CA‐mtt1 and CA‐mtt5 angles remained relatively constant within a narrow range throughout the assessed gestational weeks.
Raman Spectroscopy for the Differentiation of Muscles and Tissues in Meat Using Chicken as a Model System
Authors: Shoko Patience T. , Blanch Ewan W. , Torley Peter J. , Pillidge Christopher 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe application of Raman spectroscopy in the meat processing industry as a quality assurance is dependent on its ability to differentiate tissues from the animal. Meat is commercialised as different cuts with variations in quality and financial value. Whilst it is possible to conduct some analysis on meat quality, there are high costs and time involved. The meat processing industry could benefit from rapid methods for characterising meat quality for large quantities. This study demonstrates the ability of combining Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics to discriminate tissues in a chicken carcass. All spectra from the different tissues were analysed by applying chemometrics. The principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) showed successful classification of different muscles and tissues.
Estimation of winter wheat LAI based on color indices and texture features of RGB images taken by UAV
Authors: Li Hao , Yan Xiaobin , Su Pengyan , Su Yiming , Li Junfeng , Xu Zixin , Gao Chunrui , Zhao Yu , Feng Meichen , Shafiq Fahad , Xiao Lujie , Yang Wude , Qiao Xingxing , Wang Chao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLeaf area index (LAI) is an important indicator for assessing plant growth and development, and is also closely related to photosynthesis in plants. The realization of rapid accurate estimation of crop LAI plays an important role in guiding farmland production. In study, the UAV‐RGB technology was used to estimate LAI based on 65 winter wheat varieties at different fertility periods, the wheat varieties including farm varieties, main cultivars, new lines, core germplasm and foreign varieties. Color indices (CIs) and texture features were extracted from RGB images to determine their quantitative link to LAI.ResultsThe results revealed that among the extracted image features, LAI exhibited a significant positive correlation with CIs (r = 0.801), whereas there was a significant negative correlation with texture features (r = −0.783). Furthermore, the visible atmospheric resistance index, the green–red vegetation index, the modified green–red vegetation index in the CIs, and the mean in the texture features demonstrated a strong correlation with the LAI with r > 0.8. With reference to the model input variables, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) model of LAI based on the CIs and texture features (R2 = 0.730, RMSE = 0.691, RPD = 1.927) outperformed other models constructed by individual variables.ConclusionThis study offers a theoretical basis and technical reference for precise monitor on winter wheat LAI based on consumer‐level UAVs. The BPNN model, incorporating CIs and texture features, proved to be superior in estimating LAI, and offered a reliable method for monitoring the growth of winter wheat. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Moderate burden amongst caregivers posthip arthroscopy linked to younger caregiver age and task load: A cross‐sectional survey study
Authors: Bourgeault‐Gagnon Yoan , Patel Mansi , Walker Madison , Khalik Hassaan Abdel , Duong Andrew , Simunovic Nicole , Ayeni Olufemi R. ,   The Caregiver Burden Survey Investigators
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the burden experienced by primary informal caregivers of patients who have undergone hip arthroscopy and to identify factors that predict increased caregiver burden.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at a single academic hospital centre, enroling caregivers of patients who underwent hip arthroscopy between November 2018 and November 2023. Caregiver burden was assessed using the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) survey. Multivariable linear regression models were used to identify predictors of caregiver burden, with the global CBI score serving as the primary outcome measure. Secondarily, open‐ended survey questions were analyzed qualitatively to elucidate specific challenges and facilitators of caregiving, as reported by the caregivers themselves.ResultsThe study involved 99 eligible caregivers (mean [standard deviation] age; 47 [11] years), 58% were female, and 85% were relatives of the patient. The median global CBI score was 13.0 (interquartile range: 8.0–22.4), indicating a moderate burden. Regression analyses demonstrated that younger caregiver age and a higher number of caregiving tasks were significant predictors of increased global burden. Additionally, nonweightbearing status of patients, female gender of caregivers and working full‐time statistically significantly increased specific dimensions of caregiver burden.ConclusionThis study highlights the meaningful burden faced by caregivers of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy, despite its minimally invasive nature and outpatient setting. Identified risk factors such as younger caregiver age, female gender of the caregiver, nonweight‐bearing status and increased caregiving tasks suggest targeted areas for intervention. The qualitative analysis revealed that caregivers struggle with time management and physical and emotional strain, yet better communication and practical support from healthcare teams could help to alleviate these challenges.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, prognostic study.
Random Copolymers Based on 2‐Ethylhexyl Acrylate Exhibit Unusual Glass Transition Breadth and Facile Autonomous Self‐Healing over a Broad Composition Range
Authors: Wang Tong , Young Wenshiue O. , Suazo Mathew J. , Peera Asghar , Carter Matthew C. D. , Yeung Kimy , Li Li , Torkelson John M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStatistical copolymers are commercially important because their properties can be tuned by comonomer selection and composition. Rubbery‐state styrene (S)/n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) copolymers have previously been reported to exhibit facile, autonomous self‐healing over a narrow composition band (47/53 to 53/47 mol%). The need for a narrow composition band is explained by alternating comonomer sequences that accommodate interchain secondary bonding. It is hypothesized that copolymers that achieve interchain secondary bonding without alternating sequences can exhibit facile self‐healing over a broad composition range. 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA) is identified as yielding sequence‐independent secondary bonding interactions. For these interactions it is tested experimentally by glass transition breadth in rubbery‐state S/EHA copolymers, with S/n‐hexyl acrylate (nHA) and S/nBA copolymers as controls. The n‐alkyl acrylate random copolymers exhibit enhanced glass transition breadths over narrow composition bands that correspond to autonomous self‐healing. In contrast, S/EHA copolymers exhibit much greater glass transition breadths than S/nHA and S/nBA copolymers at all compositions tested as well as self‐healing of damage over a broad composition range with full tensile‐property recovery, often in 3–10 h. Characterization of glass transition breadth may serve as a simple screening tool for identifying copolymers that exhibit broad‐composition‐range, facile, autonomous self‐healing and contribute to polymer resilience and sustainability.