bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonium Chloride as a Non‐Volatile Chlorinating Reagent: Preparation and Reaction in No Solvent or Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Sugimoto Osamu , Harada Yukihiro , Tanji Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPhosphonium chloride PPC prepared in situ from trichloroisocyanuric acid and triphenylphosphine is used for the conversion of hydroxyheterocycles to chloroheterocycles, of carboxylic acids to esters or amides and of amides to nitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Cyanohydrin Trimethylsilyl Ethers via 1,2‐Chemoselective Cyanosilylation of Carbonyls.
Authors: Strappaveccia Giacomo , Lanari Daniela , Gelman Dmitri , Pizzo Ferdinando , Rosati Ornelio , Curini Massimo , Vaccaro Luigi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe cyanosilylation of carbonyl compounds (I) and (IV) using TmsCN (II) and triphenylphosphine supported on polystyrene as catalyst under solvent‐free conditions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrosilylation of Aromatic Alkenes Catalyzed by Chiral Bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl—Rhodium Acetate Complexes.
Authors: Naito Tatsuo , Yoneda Takuma , Ito Jun‐ichi , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractRegio‐ and enantioselective hydrosilylation of alkenes is achieved using triethoxysilane in the presence of a chiral Rh‐complex catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrimidine‐Modified NHC Ruthenium‐Alkylidene Catalysts and Their Application in RCM, CM, EM and ROMP Reactions.
Authors: Wu Guang‐Long , Cao Sheng‐Li , Chen Jian , Chen Zili 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNovel catalysts (I) and (II) are developed and shown to be significantly more active than the parent Hoveyda catalyst in the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Non‐Benzenoid Quinone, 3,10‐Dihydro‐2,4‐dimethyl‐7,13‐methanocyclohepta [11]‐annulene‐3,10‐dione (VI), from 8H‐7,9‐Bis(methoxycarbonyl)‐5,11‐methano[11]annuleno[c]furan‐8‐one (I)
Authors: Kuroda Shigeyasu , Matsumoto Naoko , Zhang Yanmei , Miyatake Ryuta , Fujiwara Yurie , Oda Mitsunori 
Published: April 2013

Abstract[via [4 + 3] cycloaddition of (I) with an oxyallyl species generated from dibromopentanone (II) as the crucial step].
ChemInform Abstract: The First Practical Additive‐Free 1,4‐Conjugated Alkylation of Fluoroalkylated Electron‐Deficient Olefins with Various Organozinc Reagents.
Authors: Morigaki Atsunori , Miyabe Tomotsugu , Tsukade Kazuki , Arimitsu Satoru , Ishihara Takashi , Konno Tsutomu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReactions employing dialkylzinc provide the corresponding products in moderate to good yield.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Mediated Trifluoromethylations with Stannanes.
Authors: Sanhueza Italo A. , Nielsen Mads C. , Ottiger Marcel , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: April 2013

Abstract(Trifluoromethyl)stannane reagents, such as Bu3SnCF3 (II), are found to be effective trifluoromethylation agents in CuI‐mediated transformations of aryl iodides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Aromatic Nucleophilic Substituted in N‐Aryl‐2‐nitrosoanilines with Oxygen and Nitrogen Nucleophiles.
Authors: Wrobel Zbigniew , Stachowska Karolina , Kwast Andrzej 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExclusive nucleophilic substitution of the leaving group para to the nitroso function takes place and renders possible the access to products which cannot be prepared by known methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereocontrolled Reaction of Arenes with Ethyl Propiolate Catalyzed by Palladium or Platinum Complexes with a Bidentate Phosphine Ligand. An Efficient and Straightforward Synthesis of (1Z,3E)‐1‐Aryl‐1,3‐butadienes.
Authors: Oyamada Juzo , Sakai Mariko , Yamada Yasunori , Kitamura Tsugio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe regio‐ and stereoselective addition of arenes (I) to propiolate (II) is confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray analysis of the products.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Catalyst‐Free Amination of 2‐Chloro‐5‐nitrobenzoic Acid in Superheated Water.
Authors: Lan Cong , Xia Zhi‐Ning , Li Zheng‐Hua , Liang Rong‐Hui 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe environmentally‐friendly method can be successfully extended to reactions of 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzoic acid with phenol and thiophenol.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cyclization of γ‐Acetylenic Acids Using Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Pd2+ Catalysts.
Authors: Maeno Zen , Mitsudome Takato , Mizugaki Tomoo , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Kaneda Kiyotomi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe polypropylene imine dendrimer (Gx‐TEBA)‐encapsulated Pd catalysts are prepared by complexation of PdCl2 with internal tertiary amino groups and can be applied to induce the intramolecular cyclization of acetylenic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Oxindole‐Appended Allyl Amines and Vinyl Aziridines via InCl3/ArSH‐Mediated Ring Opening of Vinyl Aziridines and Sulfur Ylide Aziridination.
Authors: Lingam Kandapalam Arun Prasath , Shammugam Ponnusamy , Mandal Asit Baran 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDiastereoselective sulfur ylide aziridination of substrates (I) with N‐tosylamines provides synthetically important vinyl aziridines as (E) and (Z) isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C‐2 Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Halides in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Lu Guo‐ping , Cai Chun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVarious indole substrates can be efficiently arylated in a regio‐ and chemoselective manner in the absence of any toxic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Dehydrogenative Coupling of sp2 C—H and sp3 C—H Bonds: An Expeditious Route to 2‐Oxindoles.
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , De Subhadip , Kakde Badrinath N. , Bhunia Subhajit , Adhikary Amit , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis method yields 2‐oxindoles with all‐carbon quarternary stereocenters at the pseudobenzylic position.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C3 Alkenylation of Indoles Using Oxygen as the Oxidant.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Liang , Gao Ya‐Ru , Mao Shuai , Zhang Yan‐Lei , Wang Yu‐Fei , Wang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe present new alkenylation reaction proceeds with complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity affording the E‐isomers exclusively at the C3‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(II) Catalyzed Diastereoselective Reactions of Diazoacetamides with Isatins: An Efficient Approach to 3‐Hydroxy‐3,3′‐bioxindoles.
Authors: Li Ming , Zhan Li , Prajapati Dipak , Hu Wenhao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA novel and mild alternative route to hydroxyl bisoxindoles is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Proline‐Catalyzed Addition of Aldehydes to 3H‐Indol‐3‐ones: Enantioselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐indol‐3‐ones with Quaternary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Rasappan Ramesh , Raja Sadiya 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe proline‐catalyzed addition of various aliphatic aldehydes (II) and (IV) to sterically hindered 2‐arylindol‐3‐ones (I) and (VI) affords 2,2‐disubstituted indol‐3‐one derivatives (III) and (V) with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels—Alder Reactions of 2‐Vinylindoles with Cyclic Dienophiles: Synthesis of [c]‐Annulated Tetrahydrocarbazoles.
Authors: Pirovano Valentina , Abbiati Giorgio , Dell'Acqua Monica , Facoetti Diego , Giordano Mara , Rossi Elisabetta 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity to give diastereomeric mixtures of pharmaceutically important tetrahydrocarbazole structures annullated with furan or carbocycle moieties, which are readily separable by chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Assembly of Polycyclic Structures via Sigmatropic Rearrangement of S‐Propargyl Xanthates.
Authors: Harrington Ryan M. , Wright David , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPropargyl xanthates undergo rearrangement to afford intermediary bis(alkylidene)dithiolanones which are trapped by Diels‐Alder cycloaddition to yield dithiolones, representing three new carbocycle types such as (II), (VIII), and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,3‐Oxathioles via an Unusual [4 + 1] Annulation of α,α′‐Dioxothione with 1,2‐Diaza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A. , Favi Gianfranco , Mantellini Fabio , Menichetti Stefano , Moscatelli Giada , Viglianisi Caterina 
Published: April 2013

AbstractReaction of α,α‐dioxothione, generated in situ from precursor (I) with 1,2‐diaza‐1,3‐dienes, affords the expected 1,3‐oxathioles.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot, Three‐Step Reaction of 5‐[(Trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]pyrrolidin‐2‐one with Azides Catalyzed by CuI: Synthesis of a Novel Class of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles.
Authors: Stefani Helio A. , Ferreira Fernando P. , Vieira Adriano S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA very fast, easy, and efficient synthesis of a novel and biologically important class of disubstituted triazoles by an ultrasound‐assisted one‐pot, three‐step click reaction sequence is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and in vitro Microbial Evaluation of Some New 4H‐Chromene and Quinoline Derivatives of 1H‐Pyrazole.
Authors: Thumar Nilesh J. , Patel Manish P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTitle compounds (IV) and (VI) are obtained by three‐component, one‐pot cyclocondensation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐quinolones. Part 204. Synthesis, Bromination, and Analgetic Properties of 1‐Allyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6,7‐dimethoxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Arylalkylamides.
Authors: Ukrainets I. V. , Mospanova E. V. , Jaradat N. A. , Bevz O. V. , Turov A. V. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of the title amides (III) (21 examples) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed C—C Bond Cleavage and Intramolecular Cyclization: An Approach Toward Acridones.
Authors: Zhou Wang , Yang Youqing , Liu Yong , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new approach for the synthesis of acridones is developed utilizing a Cu‐catalyzed C—C bond cleavage of o‐arylaminophenyl methyl ketones and subsequent intramolecular cyclization using air as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Fully Substituted Dihydro‐β‐carbolines via Broensted Acid Promoted Cascade Reactions of α‐Indolyl Propargylic Alcohols with Nitrones.
Authors: Wang Lu , Xie Xin , Liu Yuanhong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHighly substituted β‐carbolines are a common motif in alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Approach to Novel N‐Unprotected Bicyclic Azapyrimidine and Pyridine Structures.
Authors: Liu Zhibo , Qin Ling , Zard Samir Z. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNovel bicyclic N‐unprotected azapyrimidine structures are directly synthesized by the present new method involving radical addition and cyclization of xanthates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Styryl Colorants Derived from 7‐Methoxy‐1,4‐diphenethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoxaline‐6‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Jarag K. J. , Jagtap A. R. , Borse B. N. , Shukla S. R. , Shankarling G. S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA small group of novel orange to violet styryl colorants (VII) is prepared using an innovative reductive alkylation reaction to (III) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4H‐Pyrazino[1,2‐a]pyrimidine‐4,9(8H)‐diones and Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazin‐8(7H)‐ones.
Authors: Raubo Piotr , Ladwa Neal 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted condensation of pyrazinones with β‐keto esters or α‐haloketones results in formation of the heterocyclic title systems, suitable as candidates for drug research.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5‐e][1,3]thiazolo‐[3,2‐b][1,2,4]triazines
Authors: Gazieva G. A. , Poluboyarov P. A. , Nelyubina Yu. V. , Struchkova M. I. , Kravchenko A. N. 
Published: April 2013

Abstractvia regioselective S‐alkylation of perhydroimidazotriazinethiones with bromoacetic acid
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Transition Metal Free Tandem Process to 1,4‐Benzodiazepine Scaffolds.
Authors: Li Yanqiu , Zhan Chunjing , Yang Bingchuan , Cao Xiaoqun , Ma Chen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA facile synthesis is achieved by base‐mediated reaction of 2‐aminobenzamides with dihalobenzenes or halonitrobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metals in Organic Synthesis. Part 104. Iron‐Mediated Total Synthesis of Furoclausine‐A.
Authors: Krahl Micha P. , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knoelker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTitle compound (I) is synthesized starting from 2‐methyl‐5‐nitrophenol convergent in 7 steps and 7% overall yield using iron‐mediated coupling reactions.
Magnetically Separable Water Treatment Technologies and their Role in Future Advanced Water Treatment: A Patent Review
Authors: Linley Stuart , Leshuk Timothy , Gu Frank X. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMagnetic separation has been recognized as an important property for the simple deployment of micro and sub‐microparticles into solution in the field of water treatment. Many materials with desirable properties for water decontamination are hindered due to the difficulty inherent in removing them from solution post‐treatment. By securing these materials to magnetic compounds, this important issue can be solved as removing active materials from wastewater requires only the application of a magnetic field. This review article presents and discusses many recent technologies, in the form of patents, which exploit the property of magnetic separation for advanced water treatment, including methods of adsorbing pollutants from wastewater and magnetically separating them, as well as methods of deploying active materials for the degradation of contaminants, then magnetically retrieving these catalysts. The requirement for advanced wastewater treatment methods becomes more essential as new, persistent contaminants arise as a result of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial processes which cannot be addressed by traditional water treatment procedures. Magnetic separation promises to be a critical factor in these advanced methods, allowing the safe deployment of active materials which would otherwise be unusable, opening the gate to more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly water purification.
Optimization of Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solution by Ionic Liquid‐Based Emulsion Liquid Membrane Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Balasubramanian Arulmozhiappan , Venkatesan Sivaramu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractResponse surface methodology was employed to optimize the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by ionic liquid (1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate dissolved in tributyl phosphate) based emulsion liquid membrane. A “minimum run resolution V” central composite design with six variables (surfactant concentration, internal phase concentration, emulsification time, internal to membrane phase ratio, stirring speed and external phase pH) was applied to optimize the process. The optimized conditions for maximum removal of phenol were a surfactant concentration – 4.95% (v/v), internal agent concentration – 0.298 N, emulsification time – 4.07 min, internal to membrane phase ratio – 0.93, stirring speed – 247 rpm and external phase pH – 5.91 respectively. The results showed good fits with the proposed statistical model for removal of phenol (R2 = 0.9833).
The Effect and Mechanism of UV Disinfection on the Inactivation of a Planktonic Freshwater Copepods (Limnoithona sinensis)
Authors: Lin Tao , Zhang Jian , Chen Wei , Sun Ying 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBench‐scale experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of UV radiation (UVR) on Limnoithona sinensis (Copepoda, Crustacea). Results showed that water depth, wavelength, and irradiation time significantly reduced the swimming activity of L. sinensis. The inactivation rate increased with irradiation time, and there was an inverse relation between inactivation rate and water depth. Positive phototaxis was observed in copepods exposed to visible light with wavelengths of 480 or 500 nm, which caused a substantial increase in the inactivation rate when UVR was combined with visible light. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the skin of L. sinensis inactivated by UVR appeared dry and wrinkled, which was possibly due to induction of osmotic changes across cell membranes. As indicated by three‐dimensional fluorescence spectra showing leakage of protoplasm to the external environment.
Synthesis and Cytostatic and Antiviral Activities of 2′‐Deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluororibo‐ and 2′‐Deoxy‐2′‐fluororibonucleosides Derived from 7‐(Het)aryl‐7‐deazaadenines
Authors: Perlíková Pavla , Eberlin Ludovic , Ménová Petra , Raindlová Veronika , Slavětínská Lenka , Tloušťová Eva , Bahador Gina , Lee Yu‐Jen , Hocek Michal 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA series of sugar‐modified derivatives of cytostatic 7‐heteroaryl‐7‐deazaadenosines (2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluororibo‐ and 2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluororibonucleosides) bearing an aryl or heteroaryl group at position 7 was prepared and screened for biological activity. The difluororibonucleosides were prepared by non‐ stereoselective glycosidation of 6‐chloro‐7‐deazapurine with benzoyl‐protected 2‐deoxy‐2,2‐difluoro‐D‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl‐1‐mesylate, followed by amination and aqueous Suzuki cross‐couplings with (het)arylboronic acids. The fluororibo derivatives were prepared by aqueous palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions of the corresponding 7‐iodo‐7‐deazaadenine 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐fluororibonucleoside 20 with (het)arylboronic acids. The key intermediate 20 was prepared by a six‐step sequence from the corresponding arabinonucleoside by selective protection of 3′‐ and 5′‐hydroxy groups with acid‐labile groups, followed by stereoselective SN2 fluorination and deprotection. Some of the title nucleosides and 7‐iodo‐7‐deazaadenine intermediates showed micromolar cytostatic or anti‐HCV activity. The most active were 7‐iodo and 7‐ethynyl derivatives. The corresponding 2′‐deoxy‐2′,2′‐difluororibonucleoside 5′‐O‐triphosphates were found to be good substrates for bacterial DNA polymerases, but are inhibitors of human polymerase α.
An Efficient Bioorthogonal Strategy Using CuAAC Click Chemistry for Radiofluorinations of SNEW Peptides and the Role of Copper Depletion
Authors: Pretze Marc , Kuchar Manuela , Bergmann Ralf , Steinbach Jörg , Pietzsch Jens , Mamat Constantin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe EphB2 receptor is known to be overexpressed in various types of cancer and is therefore a promising target for tumor cell imaging by positron emission tomography (PET). In this regard, imaging could facilitate the early detection of EphB2‐overexpressing tumors, monitoring responses to therapy directed toward EphB2, and thus improvement in patient outcomes. We report the synthesis and evaluation of several fluorine‐18‐labeled peptides containing the SNEW amino acid motif, with high affinity for the EphB2 receptor, for their potential as radiotracers in the non‐invasive imaging of cancer using PET. For the purposes of radiofluorination, EphB2‐antagonistic SNEW peptides were varied at the C terminus by the introduction of L‐cysteine, and further by alkyne‐ or azide‐modified amino acids. In addition, two novel bifunctional and bioorthogonal labeling building blocks [18F]AFP and [18F]BFP were applied, and their capacity to introduce fluorine‐18 was compared with that of the established building block [18F]FBAM. Copper‐assisted Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, which belongs to the set of bioorthogonal click chemistry reactions, was used to introduce both novel building blocks into azide‐ or alkyne‐modified SNEW peptides under mild conditions. Finally, the depletion of copper immediately after radiolabeling is a highly important step of this novel methodology.
State‐level cancer treatment costs
Authors: Tangka Florence K. , Trogdon Justin G. , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Guy Gery P. , Nwaise Isaac , Orenstein Diane 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDCancer treatment accounts for approximately 5% of national health expenditures. However, no state‐level estimates of cancer treatment costs have been published.METHODSIn analyses of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, the National Nursing Home Survey, the US Census Bureau, the Current Population Survey, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, this study used regression modeling to estimate annual state‐level cancer care costs during 2004 to 2008 for 4 categories of payers: all payers, Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance.RESULTSState‐level cancer care costs ranged from $227 million to $13.6 billion (median = $2.0 billion) in 2010 dollars. Medicare paid between 25.1% and 36.1% of these costs (median = 32.5%); private insurance paid between 36.0% and 49.6% (median = 43.3%); and Medicaid paid between 2.0% and 8.8% (median = 4.8%). Cancer treatment accounted for 3.8% to 8.7% of all state‐level medical expenditures (median = 7.0%), 8.5% to 15.0% of state‐level Medicare expenditures (median = 10.6%), 1.0% to 4.9% of state‐level Medicaid expenditures (median = 2.2%), and 5.5% to 10.9% of state‐level private insurance expenditures (median = 8.7%).CONCLUSIONSThe costs of cancer treatment were substantial in all states and accounted for a sizable fraction of medical expenditures for all payers. The high cost of cancer treatment underscores the importance of preventing and controlling cancer as one approach to manage state‐level medical costs. Cancer 2013;119:2309–2316. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of S‐1 and carboplatin plus bevacizumab followed by maintenance S‐1 and bevacizumab for chemotherapy‐naive patients with advanced nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Urata Yoshiko , Okamoto Isamu , Takeda Masayuki , Hattori Yoshihiro , Okuno Keiko , Shimada Temiko , Kurata Takayasu , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Miyazaki Masaki , Terashima Masaaki , Tanaka Kaoru , Morita Satoshi , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Negoro Shunichi , Satouchi Miyako 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDA previous phase 3 trial demonstrated noninferiority in terms of overall survival for combined S‐1 (an oral fluoropyrimidine) and carboplatin compared with combined paclitaxel and carboplatin as first‐line treatment for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the current study, the authors evaluated the efficacy and safety of combined S‐1, carboplatin, and bevacizumab followed by maintenance with S‐1 and bevacizumab in chemotherapy‐naive patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.METHODSPatients received carboplatin (area under the concentration‐time curve, 5 mg mL−1 per minute) and bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) on day 1 plus oral S‐1 (80 mg/m2 per day) on days 1 through 14 every 21 days for up to 6 cycles. For patients without disease progression, S‐1 and bevacizumab were continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity developed.RESULTSForty‐eight patients were enrolled in the phase 2 study; of these, 35 patients (72.9%) completed at least 4 cycles. Most toxicities of grade ≥3 were hematologic, and no increase in relative incidence associated with maintenance with S‐1 and bevacizumab was observed. The objective response rate was 54.2% (95% confidence interval, 39.2%‐68.6%), and the median progression‐free survival was 6.8 months (95% confidence interval, 4.3‐8.2 months).CONCLUSIONSThe regimen of combined S‐1, carboplatin, and bevacizumab followed by maintenance with S‐1 and bevacizumab was active and feasible as first‐line treatment for advanced nonsquamous NSCLC. Cancer 2013;119:2275–2281. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Auf alles gefasst sein
Authors: Wolf Meike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractVon der Prävention zur Preparedness: Kulturanthropologen werfen einen neuen Blick auf Pandemien als globalisierte und globalisierende Erkrankungen. Virusinfektionen wie SARS sollen über die medizinische Dimension hinaus umfassend verstanden und bekämpft werden.
Die Macht der Alpha‐Mütter
Authors: Höner Oliver 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEin evolutionäres Verhaltensmuster verhindert Inzucht in sozialen Tiergemeinschaften: Weil weibliche Tüpfelhyänen so wählerisch sind, wandern die fortpflanzungsreifen Männchen aus. Ergebnisse wegweisender Studien im Ngorongoro‐Krater in Tansania.