bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIFs, angiogenesis, and cancer
Authors: Yang Yongzhi , Sun Mingjuan , Wang Lianghua , Jiao Binghua 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTumor hypoxia was first described in the 1950s by radiation oncologists as a frequent cause of failure to radiotherapy in solid tumors. Today, it is evident that tumor hypoxia is a common feature of many cancers and the master regulator of hypoxia, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), regulates multiple aspects of tumorigenesis, including angiogenesis, proliferation, metabolism, metastasis, differentiation, and response to radiation therapy. Although the tumor hypoxia response mechanism leads to a multitude of downstream effects, it is angiogenesis that is most crucial and also most susceptible to molecular manipulation. The delineation of molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis has revealed a critical role for HIF‐1 in the regulation of angiogenic growth factors. In this article, we review what has been described about HIF‐1: its structure, its regulation, and its implication for cancer therapy and we focus on its role in angiogenesis and cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 967–974, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic and molecular control of osterix in skeletal formation
Authors: Sinha Krishna M. , Zhou Xin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOsteoblast differentiation is a multi‐step process where mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblast lineage cells including osteocytes. Osterix (Osx) is an osteoblast‐specific transcription factor which activates a repertoire of genes during differentiation of preosteoblasts into mature osteoblasts and osteocytes. The essential role of Osx in the genetic program of bone formation and in bone homeostasis is well established.Osxmutant embryos do not form bone and fail to express osteoblast‐specific marker genes. Inactivation ofOsxin mice after birth causes multiple skeletal phenotypes including lack of new bone formation, absence of resorption of mineralized cartilage, and defects in osteocyte maturation and function. Since Osx is a major effector in skeletal formation, studies on Osx gained momentum over the last 5–7 years and implicated its important function in tooth formation as well as in healing of bone fractures. This review outlines mouse genetic studies that establish the essential role of Osx in bone and tooth formation as well as in healing of bone fractures. We also discuss the recent advances in regulation ofOsxexpression, which is under control of a transcriptional network, signaling pathways, and epigenetic regulation. Finally, we summarize important findings on the positive and negative regulation of Osx's transcriptional activity through protein–protein interactions in expression of its target genes during osteoblast differentiation. In particular, the identification of the histone demethylase NO66 as an Osx‐interacting protein, which negatively regulates Osx activity opens further avenues in studying epigenetic control of Osx target genes during differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 975–984, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baicalein protects against cardiac hypertrophy through blocking MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Zong Jing , Zhang Da‐ping , Zhou Heng , Bian Zhou‐yan , Deng Wei , Dai Jia , Yuan Yuan , Gan Hua‐wen , Guo Hai‐peng , Tang Qi‐zhu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBaicalein, a flavonoid present in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis, is well known for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, antithrombotic, and antioxidant effects. Here we show that baicalein also attenuates cardiac hypertrophy. Aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy secondary to pressure overload in mice. Mouse chow containing 0.05% baicalein (dose: 100 mg/kg/day baicalein) was begun 1 week prior to surgery and continued for 8 weeks after surgery. Our data demonstrated that baicalein prevented cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis induced by AB, as assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters and by pathological and molecular analysis. The inhibitory action of baicalein on cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by effects on mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)‐extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) signaling and GATA‐4 activation. In vitro studies performed in rat cardiac H9c2 cells confirmed that baicalein attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II, which was associated with inhibiting MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling. In conclusion, our results suggest that baicalein has protective potential for targeting cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis through suppression of MEK‐ERK1/2 signaling. Baicalein warrants further research as a potential antihypertrophic agent that might be clinically useful to treat cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1058–1065, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comment on “Extending Hirshfeld‐I to bulk and periodic materials”
Authors: Manz Thomas A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn recent years, several methods have been developed that partition the electron density among atoms using spherically symmetric atomic weights. D. E. P. Vanpoucke, P. Bultinck, and I. Van Driessche (J. Comput. Chem. 2012, doi: 10.1002/jcc.23088) recently reported a periodic implementation of the Hirshfeld‐I method that uses a combination of Becke‐style and uniform integration grids and modified atomic reference densities to compute net atomic charges in periodic materials. Herein, this method is discussed in the context of earlier periodic implementations of the Hirshfeld‐I method, the Iterated Stockholder Atoms method, and the density derived electrostatic and chemical method.
Detecting abrupt change on the basis of skewness: numerical tests and applications
Authors: He Wenping , Wan Shiquan , Jiang Yundi , Jin Hongmei , Zhang Wen , Wu Qiong , He Tao 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAn abrupt change occasionally occurs when the dynamical system suddenly shifts from one stable state to a new state, which can take place in many complex systems, such as climate, ecosystem, social system, and so on. In order to detect abrupt change, this article presents a novel method – sliding transformation parameter (STP) on the basis of skewness change and the Box–Cox transformation. Tests on model time series and 1000 simulated daily precipitation data show the ability of the present method to identify and detect abrupt change of probability density function. The applications ofSTPin daily precipitation data show that there is an abrupt climate change between 1979 and 1980 in the selected observational stations, which is almost the same with the result obtained by approximate entropy (ApEn). Furthermore, it is found that the sample sizes of sliding windows have some influence on the Lambda parameter of the Box–Cox transformation, but it does not significantly affect the varying trend of the parameter and the identification of the change point in annual or interannual time scale. ComparingSTPwith the coefficient of skewness and kurtosis,ApEn, and some statistics approaches (e.g. percentiles and annual maxima), we find that the performance of the present method is much better than that of these methods.
Use of mindfulness‐based therapies in psychiatry
Authors: Singh Aoife 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMindfulness is an ancient concept conveying the idea of experiencing the present non‐judgementally and openly, allowing oneself to develop a greater sense of emotional balance and well‐being. There is growing evidence that mindfulness‐based therapies are effective for a wide range of medical conditions. In this review, Dr Singh explores the clinical application of mindfulness to various psychiatric conditions.
A case of ADHD in a patient with Noonan syndrome
Authors: Mushtaq Imran , Matras Bartlomiej 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNoonan syndrome is a genetic disorder characterised by several features including short stature, congenital heart defects and learning problems. Here, Dr Mushtaq and colleagues describe how they managed a case of ADHD in a patient with Noonan syndrome.
Establishing capacity in a patient with incomplete locked‐in syndrome
Authors: Carrington Sarah , Birns Jonathan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPatients with locked‐in syndrome may have retained mental capacity to make decisions about their care and it is important that healthcare professionals prioritise communication rehabilitation. Here, Sarah Carrington and Jonathan Birns describe how they established capacity in a patient with incomplete locked‐in syndrome and helped him to communicate his current wishes regarding his treatment.
SET‐LRP synthesis of PMHDO‐g‐PNIPAM well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer
Authors: Ding Aishun , Lu Guolin , Guo Hao , Zheng Xingliang , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer, consisting of hydrophobic polyallene‐based backbone and hydrophilic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) side chains, was prepared by the combination of living coordination polymerization, single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP), and the grafting‐from strategy. First, the double‐bond‐containing backbone was prepared by [(η3‐allyl)NiOCOCF3]2‐initiated living coordination polymerization of 6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol (MHDO). Next, the pendant hydroxyls in every repeating unit of poly(6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol) (PMHDO) homopolymer were treated with 2‐chloropropionyl chloride to give PMHDO‐Cl macroinitiator. Finally, PNIPAM side chains were grown from PMHDO backbone via SET‐LRP of N‐isopropylacrylamide initiated by PMHDO‐Cl macroinitiator in N,N‐dimethylformamide/2‐propanol using copper(I) chloride/tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as catalytic system to afford PMHDO‐g‐PNIPAM graft copolymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn = 1.19). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) in water was determined by fluorescence probe technique and the effects of pH and salinity on the cmc of PMHDO‐g‐PNIPAM were also investigated. The micellar morphology was found to be spheres using transmission electron microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Synthesis of PMHDO‐g‐PDEAEA well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer via successive living coordination polymerization and SET‐LRP
Authors: Lu Guolin , Li Yongjun , Gao Hongsheng , Guo Hao , Zheng Xingliang , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of well‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymer containing hydrophobic polyallene‐based backbone and hydrophilic poly(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl acrylate) (PDEAEA) side chains was synthesized by sequential living coordination polymerization of 6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol (MHDO) and single electron transfer‐living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of 2‐(diethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DEAEA). Ni‐catalyzed living coordination polymerization of MHDO was first performed in toluene to give a well‐defined double‐bond‐containing poly(6‐methyl‐1,2‐heptadiene‐4‐ol) (PMHDO) homopolymer with a low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.10). Next, 2‐chloropropionyl chloride was used for the esterification of pendant hydroxyls in every repeating unit of the homopolymer so that the homopolymer was converted to PMHDO‐Cl macroinitiator. Finally, SET‐LRP of DEAEA was initiated by the macroinitiator in tetrahydrofuran/H2O using CuCl/tris(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl)amine as catalytic system to afford well‐defined PMHDO‐g‐PDEAEA graft copolymers (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.22) through the grafting‐from strategy. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) was determined by ﬂuorescence spectroscopy with N‐phenyl‐1‐naphthylamine as probe and the micellar morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Functional polysilanes of relevance for the synthesis of Au and Au–Pd nanoparticle assemblies—a study on the role of polymer‐supported thioether side chains
Authors: Shankar Ravi , Sahoo Usharani 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLinear polysilanes, [{PhHSi}x{Ph(RSCH2CH2CH2)Si}1−x]n [R = n‐dodecyl (1), n‐hexyl (2), n‐butyl (3)], have been synthesized and their reactivity with HAuCl4·3H2O (Polymer:Au = 10:1, RT, toluene) examined to gain an insight into the role of polymer‐supported thioether groups in the stabilization of in situ generated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The method allows a simple approach for expeditious synthesis of assemblies of AuNPs comprising of well‐separated individual nanoparticles of average diameter 4.5 ± 1.9 nm. In this regard, polysilane 1 with dodecyl side chains serves as a superior matrix than 2 and 3 and confers long shelf‐life stability to the nanoparticle assembly. The structural attributes are preserved in Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles which have been synthesized from the polymer‐gold nanoassembly. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Gelation and adhesion behavior of mussel adhesive protein mimetic polymer
Authors: Nishida Jin , Kobayashi Motoyasu , Takahara Atsushi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn acrylamide‐type copolymer containing catechol, amino, and hydroxyl groups was synthesized as a mimetic of the natural mussel adhesive protein (MAP). The obtained copolymer in a phosphate buffer solution (pH = 8.0) formed a hydrogel within 2 h under air, whereas gelation did not proceed under argon atmosphere. We confirmed that the cross‐linking reaction of the synthesized MAP mimetic copolymer was triggered by aerobic oxidation of catechol moieties to form an adhesive hydrogel. Two aluminum plates were adhered by the gelation of the MAP mimetic copolymer solution under humid air at room temperature. The interfacial region between the two aluminum plates failed at a lap shear strength of 0.46 MPa due to cohesive failure of the hydrogel. The adhesion strength was dominated by mechanical strength of the hydrogel as well as the interface interaction of catechol groups with substrate surface. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Multiple exciton generation in PbSe and PbS nanocrystals incorporated into amorphous silicon p–n junction
Authors: Krivoshlykov Sergei G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe effect of multiple exciton generation in semiconductor nanocrystals suggesting the possibility of efficient conversion of each absorbed high‐energy photon into at least two electron–hole pairs (excitons) is demonstrated in the photocurrent from lead selenide (PbSe) and lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal nanocrystals incorporated into amorphous silicon p–n junction. It is shown that employment of this effect for increasing efficiency of solar cells requires such energy bandgap alignment in the system that ensures confinement of the photogenerated charge carriers inside the nanocrystal layer.
Extended deep‐level defects in MBE‐grown p‐type CdTe layers
Authors: Olender Karolina , Wosinski Tadeusz , Makosa Andrzej , Dluzewski Piotr , Kolkovsky Valery , Tkaczyk Zbigniew , Karczewski Grzegorz 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFive deep‐level hole traps, associated with native defects, have been revealed by means of deep‐level transient spectroscopy in p‐type CdTe layers grown on highly mismatched GaAs substrate by the molecular‐beam epitaxy technique. Two of the traps have been attributed to the electronic states of dislocations on the ground of the logarithmic capture kinetics for capture of holes into the traps states. The images taken by transmission electron microscopy show that they are probably threading dislocations of 60°‐type, generated at the mismatched interface with the substrate. One trap, which was observed only when the investigated space charge region was close to the metal–semiconductor interface, has been assigned to surface defect states. The last two traps, displaying exponential capture kinetics, have been ascribed to native point defects: the Cd vacancy and a complex formed of Cd vacancy and Te antisite, produced during the epitaxial growth of the CdTe layers. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dissociation of the 60° basal dislocation in wurtzite GaN
Authors: Belabbas I. , Chen J. , Komninou Ph. , Nouet G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe have carried out atomistic calculations, using a self‐consistent tight‐binding method based on density functional theory, to determine formation energies of different core configurations of the perfect 60° and 90°, 30° Shockley partial dislocations in wurtzite GaN. Our analysis of different combinations of core configurations concluded that a 60° dislocation with a Ga polarity dissociates into a 90° partial dislocation with a single period and a 30° partial dislocation with a double period structure. Otherwise, a N polarity 60° dislocation dissociates into a 90° partial dislocation with a double period and a 30° partial dislocation with a single period structure (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Verifying anonymity in voting systems using CSP
Authors: Moran Murat , Heather James , Schneider Steve 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

We present formal definitions of anonymity properties for voting protocols using the process algebra CSP. We analyse a number of anonymity definitions, and give formal definitions for
strong
and
weak
anonymity, highlighting the difference between these definitions. We show that the strong anonymity definition is too strong for practical purposes; the weak anonymity definition, however, turns out to be ideal for analysing voting systems. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the formal definitions: a conventional voting system, and Prêt à Voter, a paper-based, voter-verifiable scheme. In each case, we give a CSP model of the system, and analyse it against our anonymity definitions by specification checks using the Failures-Divergences Refinement (FDR2) model checker. We give a detailed discussion on the results from the analysis, emphasizing the assumptions that we made in our model as well as the challenges in modelling electronic voting systems using CSP.
Geometric realization for substitution tilings
Authors: BARGE MARCY , GAMBAUDO JEAN-MARC 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGiven an n-dimensional substitution Φ whose associated linear expansion Λ is unimodular and hyperbolic, we use elements of the one-dimensional integer Čech cohomology of the tiling space ΩΦ to construct a finite-to-one semi-conjugacy G:ΩΦ→𝕋D, called a geometric realization, between the substitution induced dynamics and an invariant set of a hyperbolic toral automorphism. If Λ satisfies a Pisot family condition and the rank of the module of generalized return vectors equals the generalized degree of Λ, G is surjective and coincides with the map onto the maximal equicontinuous factor of the ℝn-action on ΩΦ. We are led to formulate a higher-dimensional generalization of the Pisot substitution conjecture: if Λ satisfies the Pisot family condition and the rank of the one-dimensional cohomology of ΩΦ equals the generalized degree of Λ, then the ℝn-action on ΩΦhas pure discrete spectrum.
A new entropy formula of Ledrappier–Young type for linear toral dynamics
Authors: XIE JIAN-SHENG 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA detailed Ledrappier–Young theory is presented for linear toral dynamics. First, a proof is given for a simplified definition for local entropies which holds in more general settings besides the current linear dynamics. Then it is shown that the transverse dimensions can be defined directly via the Smale structure of the linear dynamical system. A new entropy formula of Ledrappier–Young type is obtained. The conjecture of Ledrappier and Xie [Vanishing transverse entropy in smooth ergodic theory. Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys. 31(4) (2011), 1229–1235] is also discussed for such linear dynamics.
Serum response to supplemental macular carotenoids in subjects with and without age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Meagher Katherine A. , Thurnham David I. , Beatty Stephen , Howard Alan N. , Connolly Eithne , Cummins Wayne , Nolan John M. 
Published: December 2012

Macular pigment (MP) is composed of lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z) and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ). The present study reports on serum response to three different MP supplements in normal subjects (n 27) and in subjects with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (n 27). Subjects were randomly assigned to: Group 1 (20 mg L and 2 mg Z), Group 2 (10 mg L, 2 mg Z and 10 mg MZ) or Group 3 (3 mg L, 2 mg Z and 17 mg MZ). Serum carotenoids were quantified at baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks using HPLC. Response data for normal and AMD subjects were comparable and therefore combined for analysis. We report response as the average of the 4- and 8-week concentrations (saturation plateau). Serum L increased significantly in Group 1 (0·036 μmol/l per mg (269 %); P< 0·001) and Group 2 (0·079 μmol/l per mg (340 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 (0·006 μmol/l per mg (7 %); P= 0·466). Serum Z increased significantly in Group 1 (0·037 μmol/l per mg (69 %); P= 0·001) and Group 2 (0·015 μmol/l per mg (75 %); P< 0·001), with no significant change in Group 3 ( − 0·0002 μmol/l per mg ( − 6 %); P= 0·384). Serum MZ increased significantly in Group 1 (0·0094 μmol/l (absolute value); P= 0·015), Group 2 (0·005 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001) and Group 3 (0·004 μmol/l per mg; P< 0·001). The formulation containing all three macular carotenoids (Group 2 supplement) was the most efficacious in terms of achieving the highest combined concentration of the three MP constituent carotenoids in serum, thereby potentially optimising the bioavailability of these compounds for capture by the target tissue (retina).
The Laitinen Conjecture for finite non-solvable groups
Authors: Pawałowski Krzysztof , Sumi Toshio 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFor any finite groupG, we impose an algebraic condition, theGnil-coset condition, and prove that any finite Oliver groupGsatisfying theGnil-coset condition has a smooth action on some sphere with isolated fixed points at which the tangentG-modules are not isomorphic to each other. Moreover, we prove that, for any finite non-solvable groupGnot isomorphic to Aut(A6) or PΣL(2, 27), theGnil-coset condition holds if and only ifrG≥ 2, whererGis the number of real conjugacy classes of elements ofGnot of prime power order. As a conclusion, the Laitinen Conjecture holds for any finite non-solvable group not isomorphic to Aut(A6).
The cultural shaping of revenge
Authors: Beckerman Stephen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThere are interesting parallelisms between McCullough et al.'s article and studies of revenge presented by French legal anthropologist Raymond Verdier, particularly as regards the discussion of the increasing likelihood of revenge with increasing social distance. Additionally, the observation that many peoples speak of revenge in the language of debt and repayment, links it with exchanges of benefits as well as costs.
Revenge and forgiveness or betrayal blindness?
Authors: Johnson-Freyd Sasha , Freyd Jennifer J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMcCullough et al. hypothesize that evolution has selected mechanisms for revenge to deter harms and for forgiveness to preserve valuable relationships. However, in highly dependent relationships, the more adaptive course of action may be to remain unaware of the initial harm rather than risk alienating a needed other. We present a testable model of possible victim responses to interrelational harm.
The fuzzy reality of perceived harms
Authors: Konrath Sara , Cheung Irene 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe review two subjective (mis)perceptions that influence revenge and forgiveness systems. Individual differences predict more (e.g., narcissism) or less (e.g., empathy) revenge, with the opposite pattern for forgiveness. Moreover, differences in victim versus perpetrator perceptions can influence revenge and forgiveness systems, perpetuating never-ending cycles of revenge. These two examples point to the need for theories of revenge and forgiveness to address the role of cognitive and motivational biases in the functionality of such behavioral responses.