bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teeth Tales: a community-based child oral health promotion trial with migrant families in Australia
Authors: Gibbs Lisa , Waters Elizabeth , Christian Bradley , Gold Lisa , Young Dana , de Silva Andrea , Calache Hanny , Gussy Mark , Watt Richard , Riggs Elisha , Tadic Maryanne , Hall Martin , Gondal Iqbal , Pradel Veronika , Moore Laurence 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe Teeth Tales trial aimed to establish a model for child oral health promotion for culturally diverse communities in Australia.DesignAn exploratory trial implementing a community-based child oral health promotion intervention for Australian families from migrant backgrounds. Mixed method, longitudinal evaluation.SettingThe intervention was based in Moreland, a culturally diverse locality in Melbourne, Australia.ParticipantsFamilies with 1–4-year-old children, self-identified as being from Iraqi, Lebanese or Pakistani backgrounds residing in Melbourne. Participants residing close to the intervention site were allocated to intervention.InterventionThe intervention was conducted over 5 months and comprised community oral health education sessions led by peer educators and follow-up health messages.Outcome measuresThis paper reports on the intervention impacts, process evaluation and descriptive analysis of health, knowledge and behavioural changes 18 months after baseline data collection.ResultsSignificant differences in the Debris Index (OR=0.44 (0.22 to 0.88)) and the Modified Gingival Index (OR=0.34 (0.19 to 0.61)) indicated increased tooth brushing and/or improved toothbrushing technique in the intervention group. An increased proportion of intervention parents, compared to those in the comparison group reported that they had been shown how to brush their child's teeth (OR=2.65 (1.49 to 4.69)). Process evaluation results highlighted the problems with recruitment and retention of the study sample (275 complete case families). The child dental screening encouraged involvement in the study, as did linking attendance with other community/cultural activities.ConclusionsThe Teeth Tales intervention was promising in terms of improving oral hygiene and parent knowledge of tooth brushing technique. Adaptations to delivery of the intervention are required to increase uptake and likely impact. A future cluster randomised controlled trial would provide strongest evidence of effectiveness if appropriate to the community, cultural and economic context.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12611000532909).
Injury risks of EMS responders: evidence from the National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System
Authors: Taylor Jennifer A , Davis Andrea L , Barnes Brittany , Lacovara Alicia V , Patel Reema 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesWe analysed near-miss and injury events reported to the National Fire Fighter Near-Miss Reporting System (NFFNMRS) to investigate the workplace hazards and safety concerns of Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders in the USA.MethodsWe reviewed 769 ‘non-fire emergency event’ reports from the NFFNMRS using a mixed methods approach. We identified 185 emergency medical calls and analysed their narrative text fields. We assigned Mechanism of Near-Miss/Injury and Nature of Injury codes and then tabulated frequencies (quantitative). We coded major themes regarding work hazards and safety concerns reported by the EMS responders (qualitative).ResultsOf the 185 emergency medical calls, the most commonly identified Mechanisms of Near-Miss/Injury to EMS responders was Assaults, followed by Struck-by Motor Vehicle, and Motor Vehicle Collision. The most commonly identified weapon used in an assault was a firearm. We identified 5 major domains of workplace hazards and safety concerns: Assaults by Patients, Risks from Motor Vehicles, Personal Protective Equipment, Relationships between Emergency Responders, and Policies, Procedures and Practices.ConclusionsNarrative text from the NFFNMRS is a rich source of data that can be analysed quantitatively and qualitatively to provide insight into near-misses and injuries sustained by EMS responders. Near-miss reporting systems are critical components for occupational hazard surveillance.
Early primary care physician contact and health service utilisation in a large sample of recently released ex-prisoners in Australia: prospective cohort study
Authors: Young Jesse T , Arnold-Reed Diane , Preen David , Bulsara Max , Lennox Nick , Kinner Stuart A 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveTo describe the association between ex-prisoner primary care physician contact within 1 month of prison release and health service utilisation in the 6 months following release.DesignA cohort from the Passports study with a mean follow-up of 219 (±44) days postrelease. Associations were assessed using a multivariate Andersen-Gill model, controlling for a range of other factors.SettingFace-to-face, baseline interviews were conducted in a sample of prisoners within 6 weeks of expected release from seven prisons in Queensland, Australia, from 2008 to 2010, with telephone follow-up interviews 1, 3 and 6 months postrelease.ParticipantsFrom an original population-based sample of 1325 sentenced adult (≥18 years) prisoners, 478 participants were excluded due to not being released from prison during follow-up (n=7, 0.5%), loss to follow-up (n=257, 19.4%), or lacking exposure data (n=214, 16.2%). A total of 847 (63.9%) participants were included in the analyses.ExposurePrimary care physician contact within 1 month of follow-up as a dichotomous measure.Main outcome measuresAdjusted time-to-event hazard rates for hospital, mental health, alcohol and other drug and subsequent primary care physician service utilisations assessed as multiple failure time-interval data.ResultsPrimary care physician contact prevalence within 1 month of follow-up was 46.5%. One-month primary care physician contact was positively associated with hospital (adjusted HR (AHR)=2.07; 95% CI 1.39 to 3.09), mental health (AHR=1.65; 95% CI 1.24 to 2.19), alcohol and other drug (AHR=1.48; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.90) and subsequent primary care physician service utilisation (AHR=1.47; 95% CI 1.26 to 1.72) over 6 months of follow-up.ConclusionsEngagement with primary care physician services soon after prison release increases health service utilisation during the critical community transition period for ex-prisoners.Trial registration numberAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12608000232336).
Hyperbaric Oxygen in Lower Limb Trauma (HOLLT); protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Millar Ian L , McGinnes Rosemary A , Williamson Owen , Lind Folke , Jansson Karl-Åke , Hajek Michal , Smart David , Fernandes Tiago , Miller Russell , Myles Paul , Cameron Peter 
Published: June 2015

IntroductionOpen fractures with significant soft tissue injury are associated with high rates of complications, such as non-union, infection, chronic pain and disability. Complications often require further inpatient care, and in many cases, multiple operations and prolonged rehabilitation. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct to standard orthopaedic trauma care has the potential to reduce the complications of musculoskeletal injury and thus improve outcomes. Two previous randomised trials have suggested some positive effect, but neither functional measures nor long-term outcomes were reported.Methods and analysisAn international, multicentre, randomised, open-label, clinical trial. Patients with trauma with an acute open fracture of the tibia with severe soft tissue injury (Gustilo grade 3) and high risk of injury-related complications were recruited from participating major trauma hospitals with hyperbaric facilities. Patients were enrolled with the expectation of commencing 12 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy within 48 h of injury. The primary outcome measure is the incidence of acute complications of the open fracture wound at 14 days. Other short-term outcome measures include amputation, need for fasciotomy, time until wound closure, breakdown of closed wounds, time until definitive orthopaedic fixation, number of operative procedures, intensive care stay and hospital stay. Long-term follow-up will continue for 2 years postinjury.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was given by The Alfred Health Human Ethics Committee (206/04) and the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (CF07/4208). Approval was also obtained from the institutional research ethics committee at each participating site. This study will make a significant contribution to the trauma literature and should answer the question of whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy can significantly improve outcomes in severe lower limb trauma. Collective study results will be published in international journals and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberClinicaltrials.gov:NCT00264511; Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12607000559415.
“It's easier to stick a tube in”: a qualitative study to understand clinicians’ individual decisions to place urinary catheters in acute medical care
Authors: Murphy Catherine , Prieto Jacqui , Fader Mandy 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIndwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) placed in acute care are a leading cause of healthcare-associated urinary tract infection. Despite initiatives to minimise the placement of IUCs, levels of inappropriate use are still considered unacceptable. IUC practice is difficult to change, and factors influencing clinicians’ decisions need to be better understood.ObjectiveTo explore why clinicians decide to place IUCs in acute medical care.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study in the emergency department and acute medical wards of a 1200+ bed hospital, undertaking 30 retrospective think aloud and 20 semistructured interviews with nurses and physicians who made the decision to place an IUC. A purposive sample and thematic analysis were used.ResultsOpinions on when an IUC was warranted varied considerably. Inconsistency in decision-making was caused by differing beliefs on when an IUC was appropriate for each clinical indication. Numerous patient and non-patient factors, including clinical setting, resources, patient age and gender and staff workload, also impacted on each decision. Assessing when the benefit of an IUC outweighed the risk could be problematic due to conflicting goals.ConclusionsThese findings help to explain why clinicians sometimes deviate from IUC best practice guidance and resist interventions to modify practice. In order to engage nurses and physicians in change, interventions to reduce IUC use should acknowledge and respond to the complexity and lack of clarity often faced by clinicians making the decision to place an IUC. However, it is equally important that inconsistencies in IUC-related beliefs are recognised, investigated and, where appropriate, challenged.
Possession is nine‐tenths of the dog
Authors: Brown Richard 
Published: June 2015

THIS series gives readers the opportunity to consider and contribute to discussion of some of the ethical dilemmas that can arise in veterinary practice. Each month, a case scenario is presented, followed by discussion of some of the issues involved.In addition, a possible way forward is suggested; however, there is rarely a cut‐and‐dried answer in such cases, and readers may wish to suggest an alternative approach. This month's dilemma, ‘Possession is nine‐tenths of the dog’, was submitted and discussed by Richard Brown. Readers with comments to contribute are invited to send them as soon as possible, so that they can be considered for publication in the next issue. Discussion of the dilemma ‘Immediate dispatch?’, which was published in the May issue of In Practice, appears on page 311.The series is being coordinated by Siobhan Mullan, of the University of Bristol. It is hoped it will provide a framework that will help practices find solutions when facing similar dilemmas.
Evaluating Robustness and Sensitivity of the NanoString Technologies nCounter Platform to Enable Multiplexed Gene Expression Analysis of Clinical Samples
Authors: Veldman-Jones Margaret H. , Brant Roz , Rooney Claire , Geh Catherine , Emery Hollie , Harbron Chris G. , Wappett Mark , Sharpe Alan , Dymond Michael , Barrett J. Carl , Harrington Elizabeth A. , Marshall Gayle 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Analysis of clinical trial specimens such as formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue for molecular mechanisms of disease progression or drug response is often challenging and limited to a few markers at a time. This has led to the increasing importance of highly multiplexed assays that enable profiling of many biomarkers within a single assay. Methods for gene expression analysis have undergone major advances in biomedical research, but obtaining a robust dataset from low-quality RNA samples, such as those isolated from FFPE tissue, remains a challenge. Here, we provide a detailed evaluation of the NanoString Technologies nCounter platform, which provides a direct digital readout of up to 800 mRNA targets simultaneously. We tested this system by examining a broad set of human clinical tissues for a range of technical variables, including sensitivity and limit of detection to varying RNA quantity and quality, reagent performance over time, variability between instruments, the impact of the number of fields of view sampled, and differences between probe sequence locations and overlapping genes across CodeSets. This study demonstrates that Nanostring offers several key advantages, including sensitivity, reproducibility, technical robustness, and utility for clinical application. Cancer Res; 75(13); 2587–93. ©2015 AACR.
Plasma Apolipoprotein C-III Levels, Triglycerides, and Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetics
Authors: Qamar Arman , Khetarpal Sumeet A. , Khera Amit V. , Qasim Atif , Rader Daniel J. , Reilly Muredach P. 
Published: June 2015

Objective—
Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins have emerged as causal risk factors for developing coronary heart disease independent of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III) modulates triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism through inhibition of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Mutations causing loss-of-function of ApoC-III lower triglycerides and reduce coronary heart disease risk, suggestive of a causal role for ApoC-III. Little data exist about the relationship of ApoC-III, triglycerides, and atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we examined the relationships between plasma ApoC-III, triglycerides, and coronary artery calcification in patients with T2DM.

Approach and Results—

Plasma ApoC-III levels were measured in a cross-sectional study of 1422 subjects with T2DM but without clinically manifest coronary heart disease. ApoC-III levels were positively associated with total cholesterol (Spearman
r
=0.36), triglycerides (
r
=0.59), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (
r
=0.16), fasting glucose (
r
=0.16), and glycosylated hemoglobin (
r
=0.12;
P
<0.0001 for all). In age, sex, and race-adjusted analysis, ApoC-III levels were positively associated with coronary artery calcification (Tobit regression ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–2.50 per SD increase in ApoC-III;
P
<0.001). As expected for an intermediate mediator, these findings were attenuated when adjusted for both triglycerides (Tobit regression ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–2.18;
P
=0.086) and separately for very low–density lipoprotein cholesterol (Tobit regression ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 0.75–1.71;
P
=0.53).

Conclusions—
In persons with T2DM, increased plasma ApoC-III is associated with higher triglycerides, less favorable cardiometabolic phenotypes, and higher coronary artery calcification, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis. Therapeutic inhibition of ApoC-III may thus be a novel strategy for reducing plasma triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk in T2DM.
Development of a new occupational therapy service in a Singapore prison
Authors: Tan Bhing Leet , Ravindra Kumar Vasanth , Devaraj Prathipraj 
Published: June 2015

Statement of context In April 2011, a contract between Singapore Prison Service and Institute of Mental Health paved the way for setting up the first occupational therapy service within the prisons. A well-defined workflow was put in place and a variety of group activities were drawn up to improve life management and social skills among offenders. Critical reflection on practice Occupational therapists found it challenging to provide authentic occupations for offenders within the custodial prison setting, but were able to gradually create pockets of opportunities to improve socialization and assign worker roles for them. After 1 year of occupational therapy intervention, the offenders showed an improvement in all functional domains of the adapted Task Behavioural Scale. Through close collaboration, correctional officers were also gradually supportive of new therapeutic initiatives. Summary Overall, the occupational therapists found that they had gained new valuable skills in adjusting therapy to cater to different risk levels.
Diet and nutraceutical interventions for headache management: A review of the evidence
Authors: Orr Serena L 
Published: June 2015

Background The use of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) is common among patients with primary headaches. In parallel, CAM research is growing. Diet interventions comprise another category of non-pharmacologic treatment for primary headache that is of increasing clinical and research interest. Methods A literature search was carried out to identify studies on the efficacy of diet and nutraceutical interviews for primary headache in the pediatric and adult populations. MEDLINE, Embase and EBM Reviews—Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched to identify studies. Results There is a growing body of literature on the potential use of CAM and diet interventions for primary headache disorders. This review identified literature on the use of a variety of diet and nutraceutical interventions for headache. Most of the studies assessed the efficacy of these interventions for migraine, though some explored their role in tension-type headache and cluster headache. The quality of the evidence in this area is generally poor. Conclusions CAM is becoming more commonplace in the headache world. Several interventions show promise, but caution needs to be exercised in using these agents given limited safety and efficacy data. In addition, interest in exploring diet interventions in the treatment of primary headaches is emerging. Further research into the efficacy of nutraceutical and diet interventions is warranted.
Prevalence of migraine in a diverse community—electronic methods for migraine ascertainment in a large integrated health plan
Authors: Pressman Alice , Jacobson Alice , Eguilos Roderick , Gelfand Amy , Huynh Cynthia , Hamilton Luisa , Avins Andrew , Bakshi Nandini , Merikangas Kathleen 
Published: June 2015

Introduction The growing availability of electronic health data provides an opportunity to ascertain diagnosis-specific cases via systematic methods for sample recruitment for clinical research and health services evaluation. We developed and implemented a migraine probability algorithm (MPA) to identify migraine from electronic health records (EHR) in an integrated health plan. Methods We identified all migraine outpatient diagnoses and all migraine-specific prescriptions for a five-year period (April 2008–March 2013) from the Kaiser Permanente, Northern California (KPNC) EHR. We developed and evaluated the MPA in two independent samples, and derived prevalence estimates of medically-ascertained migraine in KPNC by age, sex, and race. Results The period prevalence of medically-ascertained migraine among KPNC adults during April 2008–March 2013 was 10.3% (women: 15.5%, men: 4.5%). Estimates peaked with age in women but remained flat for men. Prevalence among Asians was half that of whites. Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility of an EHR-based algorithm to identify cases of diagnosed migraine and determine that prevalence patterns by our methods yield results comparable to aggregate estimates of treated migraine based on direct interviews in population-based samples. This inexpensive, easily applied EHR-based algorithm provides a new opportunity for monitoring changes in migraine prevalence and identifying potential participants for research studies.
Revision Risk After Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tejwani Samir G. , Chen Jason , Funahashi Tadashi T. , Love Rebecca , Maletis Gregory B. 
Published: June 2015

Background: Allograft tissue is a common graft choice for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Allograft sterilization methods vary widely across numerous commercial tissue vendors. Multiple studies, despite being limited in sample size, have suggested a higher rate of clinical failure associated with the use of allograft tissue in ACLR when compared with autograft. Purpose: To examine the association of graft processing techniques, patient characteristics, and graft type with risk of revision surgery after allograft ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted that used an integrated United States health care system’s ACLR registry to identify primary unilateral cases in which allografts were used. Aseptic revision was the endpoint of the study. Allograft type, processing methods (irradiation dose, AlloWash, AlloTrue, BioCleanse), and graft donor age were assessed as potential risk factors for revision, with adjustment for patient age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) by use of survival analysis. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results: A total of 5968 primary ACLR cases with allograft were included in the study, of which 3688 (61.8%) were male patients. The median age of the cohort at the time of surgery was 34.1 years (interquartile range, 24.1-42.9 years). The mean time to follow-up (±SD) was 2.1 ± 1.5 years. There were 3751 (62.9%) allograft ACLRs using soft tissue, 1188 (19.9%) with Achilles tendon, and 1029 (17.2%) with bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB). Graft processing groups included BioCleanse (n = 367), AlloTrue or AlloWash (n = 2278), irradiation greater than 1.8 Mrad (n = 1146), irradiation up to 1.8 Mrad (n = 3637), and no irradiation (n = 1185). There were 156 (2.6%) aseptic revisions. After adjustment for patient age, sex, and BMI, the use of BioCleanse (HR = 2.45; 95% CI, 1.36-4.40) and irradiation greater than 1.8 Mrad (HR = 1.64; 95% CI, 1.08-2.49) were associated with a higher risk of revision when compared with all other methods of processing. BPTB allografts were at higher risk of revision (HR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.20-2.66) when compared with soft tissue allografts. Conversely, with every 5-year increase in age, the risk of revision was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.61-0.73) times lower. Male patients were found to be at higher risk of revision when compared with females (HR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.04-2.07). The use of AlloWash or AlloTrue processing, patient BMI, and graft donor age did not affect revision rate significantly. Conclusion: In the largest known study of its kind examining outcome after primary allograft ACLR, graft irradiation greater than 1.8 Mrad, BioCleanse graft processing, younger patient age, male patients, and BPTB allograft were all associated with a higher risk of clinical failure and subsequent revision surgery.