bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Droppin’ Knowledge on Race: Hip-Hop, White Adolescents, and Anti-Racism Education
Authors: Netcoh Steven 
Published: April 2015

In this essay, the author examines how Hip-Hop can be mobilized in anti-racism educational initatives. The author claims that existing research on Hip-Hop and white adolescents suggests a negative corrleation between white youths' engagement with Hip-Hop and their understanding of how race and racism function in American society. In response to this research, the author argues Hip-Hop's diverse racial discourses and ideologies must be made the subject of direct and critical inquiry in secondary and post-secondary classrooms to maximize its democratic potential. The author outlines specific approaches for how teachers can employ Hip-Hop in anti-racism curricula in secondary and post-secondary classrooms. Collectively, the essay serves as a preliminary investigation of Hip-Hop pedagogies of race and whiteness.
Hip-Hop Fight Club: Radical Theory, Education, and Practice in and beyond the Classroom
Authors: Ball Jared A. 
Published: April 2015

Hip-hop remains a viable method for the teaching of radical theory, emancipatory journalism and Africana Media Theory. Fight Club is an emergent model that builds from existing hip-hop traditions of freetyle battling where critical thought and intellectual challenges of hueristic norms are upended. This article argues in favor of bringing the Fight Club model into the classroom which allows for heightened student engagement and the inclusion of radical theoretical approaches to the study of mass media, communication and journalism.
Feeding Revolution: The Black Panther Party and the Politics of Food
Authors: Potorti Mary 
Published: April 2015

This chapter examines the role of food in the symbolic politics and practical agenda of the Black Panther Party (BPP), founded in the late 1960s in Oakland, California. Situating hunger and the politics of food at the center of drives for racial justice, it argues that the BPP’s anti-hunger efforts and food-centered campaigns were driven by an implicit understanding of the power of food in battles over racialized definitions of personhood, a forum for both enforcing and resisting hegemonic authority. From this vantage, the Panthers and their allies in the East Bay community utilized the Party’s popular food programs, specifically its Free Breakfast for School Children Program, as staging grounds to prepare for a revolutionary overthrow of the socio-economic order. In addition to strengthening the physical bodies of African Americans to ensure their “survival pending revolution,” the food programs served a deeper organizing function by encouraging community members to come together to meet an immediate, practical need and, in doing so, to visualize themselves as part of a larger movement for change. The Panthers’ subsequent demands for consumer rights and calls for conscientious consumption (both as purchasers and eaters of food) highlighted the role of food politics in perpetuating racial injustice while demonstrating the capacity for food-related protest to challenge structures of hunger and patterns of widespread malnourishment.
Standing Upright Podcasting, Performance, and Alternative Comedy
Authors: Meserko Vince M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT:
Within the Los Angeles stand-up comedy scene, the podcast has become an increasingly popular communication medium for alternative comic performance. Comedians Jimmy Pardo of Never Not Funny (NNF), Scott Aukerman of Comedy Bang-Bang (CBB), Jesse Thorn and Jordan Morris of Jordan, Jesse, GO!, and Doug Benson of Doug Loves Movies (DLM) have been using the podcast as an artistic outlet and tool for self-promotion over the last several years. These podcasters have each forged distinct places for themselves within this community, and their use of this upstart medium represents an important case study in the shifting cultural dynamics that the podcast introduces. The podcast medium allows this group of comedians not only to skirt FCC regulations and produce content not indebted to advertisers, gatekeepers, club owners, or executives, but also to feel empowered that their content will reach their most ardent fans in the most direct, intimate way.
Günebakan: uzay tabanli güneş enerji sistemi
Authors: Yildiz Ercan , Aslan Alim Rüstem 
Published: April 2015

ÖzetBu çalışmada uzay tabanlı güneş enerji sistemlerinin uzayda kurulumunu gerçekleştirip, yeryüzündeki diğer enerji kaynakları ile ekonomik olarak rekabet edebilmesi için; geliştirilmesi gereken, yeryüzünden yörüngeye ulaşım, enerji üretimi ve kablosuz enerji iletimi gibi teknolojilerin mevcut durumu ve geliştirme çalışmaları ayrıntılı bir şekilde hukuki yönleri de dahil olmak üzere ele alınmıştır. Uzay tabanlı güneş enerji sistemlerinin ticari olarak gerçekleştirilebilmesi için değerlendirmeler ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Son olarak, Türkiye’nin 2035 vizyon hedefi göz önüne alınarak, “Günebakan” adı verilen, Güneş eş zamanlı yer yörüngesinde, ticari olarak kullanılmak üzere kurulacak ve yeryüzünde 500 MW elektrik sağlayacak, uzay tabanlı güneş enerji sistemi kavramsal tasarımı yapılmıştır.
Plume‐cratonic lithosphere interaction recorded by water and other trace elements in peridotite xenoliths from the Labait volcano, Tanzania
Authors: Hui Hejiu , Peslier Anne H. , Rudnick Roberta L. , Simonetti Antonio , Neal Clive R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWater and other trace element concentrations in olivine (1–39 ppm H2O), orthopyroxene (10–150 ppm H2O), and clinopyroxene (16–340 ppm H2O) of mantle xenoliths from the Labait volcano, located on the edge of the Tanzanian craton along the eastern branch of the East African Rift, record melting and subsequent refertilization by plume magmas in a stratified lithosphere. These water contents are at the lower end of the range observed in other cratonic mantle lithospheres. Despite correlations between water content and indices of melting in orthopyroxene from the shallow peridotites, and in both olivine and orthopyroxene from the deep peridotites, water concentrations are too high for the peridotites to be simple residues. Instead, the Labait water contents are best explained as reflecting interaction between residual peridotite with a melt having relatively low water content (<1 wt.% H2O). Plume‐derived melts are the likely source of water and other trace element enrichments in the Labait peridotites. Only garnet may have undergone addition of water from the host magma as evidenced by water content increasing toward the kelyphite rim in one otherwise homogeneous garnet. Based on modeling of the diffusion profile, magma ascent occurred at 4–28 m/s. In summary, plume‐craton interaction appears to result in only moderate water enrichment of the lithosphere.
Retrieving high‐resolution tropospheric gradients from multiconstellation GNSS observations
Authors: Li Xingxing , Zus Florian , Lu Cuixian , Ning Tong , Dick Galina , Ge Maorong , Wickert Jens , Schuh Harald 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe developing multi‐Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) constellations have the potential to provide accurate high‐resolution tropospheric gradients. Such data, closely linked to strong humidity gradients accompanying severe weather phenomena, are considered a new important data source for meteorological studies, e.g., nowcasting of severe rainfall events. Here we describe the development of a multi‐GNSS processing system for the precise retrieval of high‐resolution tropospheric gradients. The retrieved products were validated by using independent water vapor radiometer (WVR) observations and numerical weather model (NWM) data. The multi‐GNSS high‐resolution gradients agree well with those, derived from NWM and WVR, especially for the fast‐changing peaks which were mostly associated with synoptic fronts. Compared to GPS‐only gradients, the correlations with the validation data are significantly improved up to 20–35%. The new data product has significant potential to improve numerical weather prediction and to advance meteorological studies.
Response of sea surface fugacity of CO2 to the SAM shift south of Tasmania: Regional differences
Authors: Xue Liang , Gao Libao , Cai Wei‐Jun , Yu Weidong , Wei Meng 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUsing observational data collected south of Tasmania during 14 austral summer cruises during 1993–2011, we examined the response of sea surface fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) to the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) shift, which occurred around 2000. In the southern part of the Southern Ocean (SO) or the Polar Zone (PZ) and the Polar Frontal Zone (PFZ), fCO2 increased faster at the sea surface than in the atmosphere before the SAM shift, but not after the shift. In the northern part of the SO or the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), however, surface fCO2 increased faster than atmospheric fCO2 both before and after the shift. The SAM shift had an important influence on the surface fCO2 trend in the PZ and PFZ but not in the SAZ, which we attribute to differences in regional oceanographic processes (upwelling versus nonupwelling). The SAM shift may have reversed the negative trend of SO CO2 uptake.
Unprecedented Reductive Esterification of Carboxylic Acids under Hydrogen by Reusable Heterogeneous Platinum Catalysts
Authors: Touchy Abeda S. , Kon Kenichi , Onodera Wataru , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSupported metal catalysts have been tested for an unprecedented reductive dimerization of carboxylic acids to esters under 8 bar hydrogen in solvent‐free conditions. Among various metal‐loaded tin oxide catalysts, platinum‐loaded tin dioxide (Pt/SnO2) shows the highest ester yield for the reaction of dodecanoic acid. Among Pt catalysts on various supports, Lewis acidic oxides, especially SnO2, show high activity. The most active catalyst, 5 wt% Pt/SnO2 reduced at 100 °C, is effective for the reductive esterification of various carboxylic acids, and the catalyst is reusable for nine cycles, demonstrating the first successful example for the title reaction. Infrared (IR) studies of a model compound (formic acid) on some metal oxides indicate a strong Lewis acid‐base interaction between SnO2 and the carbonyl oxygen. For Pt/SnO2 catalysts with different Pt particle sizes, the activity increases with decreasing size of Pt metal. A cooperative catalysis of the Pt metal nanoparticles and the Sn4+ Lewis acid sites is proposed.magnified image
Identification of an ε‐Keto Ester Reductase for the Efficient Synthesis of an (R)‐α‐Lipoic Acid Precursor
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jun , Zhang Wen‐Xia , Zheng Gao‐Wei , Xu Jian‐He 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA novel reductase (CpAR2) with unusually high activity toward an ε‐keto ester, ethyl 8‐chloro‐6‐oxooctanoate, was isolated from Candida parapsilosis. The asymmetric reduction of ethyl 8‐chloro‐6‐oxooctanoate using Escherichia coli cells coexpressing CpAR2 and glucose dehydrogenase genes gave ethyl (R)‐8‐chloro‐6‐hydroxyoctanoate, a key precursor for the synthesis of (R)‐α‐lipoic acid, in high space‐time yield (530 g L−1 d−1) and with excellent enantiomeric excess (>99%). This bioprocess was shown to be viable on a 10‐L scale. This method provides a greener and more cost‐effective method for the industrial production of (R)‐α‐lipoic acid.magnified image
Asymmetric One‐Pot Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to α,β‐Unsaturated Compounds Followed by Reaction with Carbenium Ions
Authors: Drusan Michal , Rakovský Erik , Marek Jaromír , Šebesta Radovan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAsymmetric catalytic multistep reactions enable the formation of structurally complex compounds from simple starting materials. Enantioselective Cu‐catalyzed 1,4‐additions of Grignard reagents to Michael acceptors form reactive chiral enolates. We show here that these chiral enolates react in a one‐pot fashion with naked carbenium ions, such as tropylium, 1,3‐benzodithiolium, and dianisylmethylium ions. The corresponding products were obtained in good yields, with enantioselectivities up to 96% ee and high diastereomeric purities.magnified image
Complete Enzymatic Oxidation of Methanol to Carbon Dioxide: Towards More Eco‐Efficient Regeneration Systems for Reduced Nicotinamide Cofactors
Authors: Kara Selin , Schrittwieser Joerg H. , Gargiulo Serena , Ni Yan , Yanase Hideshi , Opperman Diederik J. , van Berkel Willem J. H. , Hollmann Frank 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA novel system for in situ regeneration of reduced nicotinamide cofactors (NADH) is proposed: through a cascade of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), formaldehyde dismutase (FDM) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH) complete oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide (CO2) is coupled to the regeneration of NADH. As a consequence, from one equivalent of methanol three equivalents of NADH can be obtained. The feasibility of this cascade is demonstrated at the examples of an NADH‐dependent reduction of conjugated CC‐double bonds (catalysed by an enoate reductase) and the NADH‐dependent hydroxylation of phenols (catalysed by a monooxygenase). The major limitation of the current regeneration system is the comparably poor catalytic efficiency of the methanol oxidation step (low kcat and high KM value of the ADH used) necessitating higher than theoretical methanol concentrations.magnified image
Proceedings from the Turner Resource Network symposium: The crossroads of health care research and health care delivery
Authors: Backeljauw Philippe F. , Bondy Carolyn , Chernausek Steven D. , Cernich Joseph T. , Cole David A. , Fasciano Laura P. , Foodim Joan , Hawley Scott , Hong David S. , Knickmeyer Rebecca C. , Kruszka Paul , Lin Angela E. , Lippe Barbara M. , Lorigan Gary A. , Maslen Cheryl L. , Mauras Nelly , Page David C. , Pemberton Victoria L. , Prakash Siddharth K. , Quigley Charmian A. , Ranallo Kelly C. , Reiss Allan L. , Sandberg David E. , Scurlock Cindy , Silberbach Michael 
Published: April 2015

Turner syndrome, a congenital condition that affects ∼1/2,500 births, results from absence or structural alteration of the second sex chromosome. There has been substantial effort by numerous clinical and genetic research groups to delineate the clinical, pathophysiological, cytogenetic, and molecular features of this multisystem condition. Questions about the molecular‐genetic and biological basis of many of the clinical features remain unanswered, and health care providers and families seek improved care for affected individuals. The inaugural “Turner Resource Network (TRN) Symposium” brought together individuals with Turner syndrome and their families, advocacy group leaders, clinicians, basic scientists, physician‐scientists, trainees and other stakeholders with interest in the well‐being of individuals and families living with the condition. The goal of this symposium was to establish a structure for a TRN that will be a patient‐powered organization involving those living with Turner syndrome, their families, clinicians, and scientists. The TRN will identify basic and clinical questions that might be answered with registries, clinical trials, or through bench research to promote and advocate for best practices and improved care for individuals with Turner syndrome. The symposium concluded with the consensus that two rationales justify the creation of a TRN:

inadequate attention has been paid to the health and psychosocial issues facing girls and women who live with Turner syndrome;
investigations into the susceptibility to common disorders such as cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases caused by sex chromosome deficiencies will increase understanding of disease susceptibilities in the general population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Performance analysis of deciduous morphology for detecting biological siblings
Authors: Paul Kathleen S. , Stojanowski Christopher M. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:Family‐centered burial practices influence cemetery structure and can represent social group composition in both modern and ancient contexts. In ancient sites dental phenotypic data are often used as proxies for underlying genotypes to identify potential biological relatives. Here, we test the performance of deciduous dental morphological traits for differentiating sibling pairs from unrelated individuals from the same population.Materials and Methods:We collected 46 deciduous morphological traits for 69 sibling pairs from the Burlington Growth Centre's long term Family Study. Deciduous crown features were recorded following published standards. After variable winnowing, inter‐individual Euclidean distances were generated using 20 morphological traits. To determine whether sibling pairs are more phenotypically similar than expected by chance we used bootstrap resampling of distances to generatePvalues. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots were used to evaluate the degree of clustering among sibling pairs.Results:Results indicate an average distance between siblings of 0.252, which is significantly less than 9,999 replicated averages of 69 resampled pseudo‐distances generated from: 1) a sample of non‐relative pairs (P < 0.001), and 2) a sample of relative and non‐relative pairs (P < 0.001). MDS plots indicate moderate to strong clustering among siblings; families occupied 3.83% of the multidimensional space on average (versus 63.10% for the total sample).Conclusions:Deciduous crown morphology performed well in identifying related sibling pairs. However, there was considerable variation in the extent to which different families exhibited similarly low levels of phenotypic divergence. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:615–629, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Skill ontogeny among Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists
Authors: Schniter Eric , Gurven Michael , Kaplan Hillard S. , Wilcox Nathaniel T. , Hooper Paul L. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesWe investigate whether age profiles of Tsimane forager‐horticulturalists' reported skill development are consistent with predictions derived from life history theory about the timing of productivity and reproduction. Previous studies of forager skill development have often focused on a few abilities (e.g. hunting), and neglected the broad range of skills and services typical of forager economies (e.g. childcare, craft production, music performance, story‐telling).Materials and MethodsBy systematically examining age patterns in reported acquisition, proficiency, and expertise across a broad range of activities including food production, childcare, and other services, we provide the most complete skill development study of a traditional subsistence society to date.ResultsOur results show that: (1) most essential skills are acquired prior to first reproduction, then developed further so that their productive returns meet the increasing demands of dependent offspring during adulthood; (2) as postreproductive adults age beyond earlier years of peak performance, they report developing additional conceptual and procedural proficiency, and despite greater physical frailty than younger adults, are consensually regarded as the most expert (especially in music and storytelling), consistent with their roles as providers and educators. We find that adults have accurate understandings of their skillsets and skill levels –an important awareness for social exchange, comparison, learning, and pedagogy.DiscussionThese findings extend our understanding of the evolved human life history by illustrating how changes in embodied capital and the needs of dependent offspring predict the development of complementary skills and services in a forager‐horticulturalist economy. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:3–18, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correcting Neuromuscular Deficits With Gene Therapy in Pompe Disease
Authors: Todd Adrian G. , McElroy Jessica A. , Grange Robert W. , Fuller David D. , Walter Glenn A. , Byrne Barry J. , Falk Darin J. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveWe have recently reported on the pathology of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in Pompe disease, reflecting disruption of neuronal and muscle homeostasis as a result of glycogen accumulation. The aim of this study was to examine how the alteration of NMJ physiology contributes to Pompe disease pathology; we performed molecular, physiological, and histochemical analyses of NMJ‐related measures of the tibialis anterior muscles of young‐, mid‐, and late‐stage alpha‐glucosidase (GAA)‐deficient mice.MethodsWe performed intramuscular injection of an adeno‐associated virus (AAV)9 vector expressing GAA (AAV9‐hGAA) into the tibialis anterior muscle of Gaa–/– mice at early, mid, and severe pathological time points. We analyzed expression of NMJ‐related genes, in situ muscle force production, and clearance of glycogen in conjunction with histological assessment of the NMJ.ResultsOur data demonstrate that AAV9‐hGAA is able to replace GAA to the affected tissue and modify AChR mRNA expression, muscle force production, motor endplate area, and innervation status. Importantly, the degree of restoration for these outcomes is limited by severity of disease. Early restoration of GAA activity was most effective, whereas late correction of GAA expression was not effective in modifying parameters reflecting NMJ structure and function nor in force restoration despite resolution of glycogen storage in muscle.InterpretationOur data provide new mechanistic insight into the pathology of Pompe disease and suggest that early systemic correction to both neural and muscle tissues may be essential for successful correction of neuromuscular function in Pompe disease. Ann Neurol 2015;78:222–234
Silica‐Based Liquid Marbles as Microreactors for the Silver Mirror Reaction
Authors: Sheng Yifeng , Sun Guanqing , Wu Jie , Ma Guanghui , Ngai To 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to the participation of the shell of silica‐particle‐based liquid marbles and their influence on chemical reactions. The fabrication of liquid marbles with the encapsulating particle shells not only act as protecting layers to provide a confined environment, but also provide the reactive substrate surfaces to regulate the classical silver mirror reaction. Fabrication of silver mirrors with different morphologies was achieved by modifying particle surface properties, which could further lead to Janus liquid marbles. The different evaporation behavior of microreactors was demonstrated. Micrometer‐sized silica particles were used for the preparation of monolayer‐stabilized liquid marbles, which show great potential in fabricating Janus particles from superhydrophobic particles that are not attainable from Pickering emulsions.
CH Activation of Benzene by a Photoactivated NiII(azide): Formation of a Transient Nickel Nitrido Complex
Authors: Vreeken Vincent , Siegler Maxime A. , de Bruin Bas , Reek Joost N. H. , Lutz Martin , van der Vlugt Jarl Ivar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPhotochemical activation of nickel‐azido complex 2 [Ni(N3)(PNP)] (PNHP=2,2′‐di(isopropylphosphino)‐4,4′‐ditolylamine) in neat benzene produces diamagnetic complex 3 [Ni(Ph)(PNPNH)], which is crystallographically characterized. DFT calculations support photoinitiated N2‐loss of the azido complex to generate a rare, transient NiIV nitrido species, which bears significant nitridyl radical character. Subsequent trapping of this nitrido through insertion into the NiP bond generates a coordinatively unsaturated NiII imidophosphorane PN donor. This species shows unprecedented reactivity toward 1,2‐addition of a CH bond of benzene to form 3. The structurally characterized chlorido complex 4 [Ni(Cl)(PNPNH)] is generated by reaction of 3 with HCl or by direct photolysis of 2 in chlorobenzene. This is the first report of aromatic CH bond activation by a trapped transient nitrido species of a late transition metal.