bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A correlation of computed tomographic esophageal hiatal cross‐sectional surface area between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats
Authors: Kim Uhjin , Ban Jiyoung , Chang Jinhwa , Yoon Kwangyong , Kim Byeongjin , In Solji , Park Jihyeon , Yoon Hyounglok , Huh Chan , Lee Namsoon , Chang Dongwoo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn humans and dogs, especially brachycephalics, enlargement of the esophageal hiatus and insufficiency have been correlated with decreased lower esophageal sphincter pressure and increased frequency of gastroesophageal reflux. In cats, it has been suggested that gastroesophageal reflux occurs frequently with upper airway obstruction, including brachycephalics. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine whether the esophageal hiatal cross‐sectional surface area (EH‐CSA) differs between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic cats. Clinical records and CT images of cats that underwent thoracic, abdominal, and entire skull CT at multiple centers between January 2015 and September 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Esophageal hiatal parameters (EH‐CSA, EH‐long axis diameter, and EH‐short axis diameter) and craniometric indices (cranial index, skull index, and facial index) were measured by using multiplanar reconstruction, and the correlation of craniometry with EH‐CSA was investigated. Ninety‐eight cats (group 1: 42 brachycephalic cats and group 2: 56 nonbrachycephalic cats) were included. Esophageal hiatal cross‐sectional surface area in brachycephalic cats was significantly larger than that in nonbrachycephalic cats. The EH‐CSA significantly increased with the craniometric indices tending to increase with brachycephalism. The present study contributes to the veterinary literature by providing the EH‐CSA as anatomical evidence that could likely correlate to gastroesophageal reflux predisposition in brachycephalic cats.
Investigating rhoticity in Scottish Standard English with sociolinguistic interviews and corpus data
Authors: Schützler Ole 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper approaches variable rhoticity in Scottish Standard English (SSE) from a methodological, data‐oriented perspective. The main focus is on how to integrate within a single sociolinguistic framework data that have been elicited under different conditions (sociolinguistic interviews vs. corpus data) and may therefore be incompatible when we take a relatively simplistic approach to stylistic variation. The article first models variation in such an unbalanced ‘patchwork’ dataset in a holistic, unified analysis and then proceeds to deconstruct the results by taking a closer look at the behaviour of the two main components of the data. While previously reported trends in the development of coda‐/r/ in SSE accents are confirmed, it is also shown that, depending on the precise nature of registers (or genres), productions may be considerably more diverse and may go beyond a simple projection of middle‐class identities. The integration of different styles in a single interpretive framework is challenging and far from straightforward.
P. Jones' interpolation theorem for noncommutative martingale Hardy spaces II
Authors: Randrianantoanina Narcisse 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet be a semifinite von Neumann algebra equipped with an increasing filtration of (semifinite) von Neumann subalgebras of . For , let denote the noncommutative column martingale Hardy space constructed from column square functions associated with the filtration and the index . We prove the following real interpolation identity: If and , then
This is new even for classical martingale Hardy spaces as it is previously known only under the assumption that the filtration is regular. We also obtain an analogous result for noncommutative column martingale Orlicz–Hardy spaces.
Intensified training augments cardiac function, but not blood volume, in male youth elite ice hockey team players
Authors: Fischer Mads , Jeppesen Jan S. , Vigh‐Larsen Jeppe F. , Stöhr Eric J. , Mohr Magni , Wickham Kate A. , Gliemann Lasse , Bangsbo Jens , Hellsten Ylva , Hostrup Morten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile it is well‐established that a period of interval training performed at near maximal effort, such as speed endurance training (SET), enhances intense exercise performance in well‐trained individuals, less is known about its effect on cardiac morphology and function as well as blood volume. To investigate this, we subjected 12 Under‐20 Danish national team ice hockey players (age 18 ± 1 years, mean ± SD) to 4 weeks of SET, consisting of 6–10 × 20 s skating bouts at maximal effort interspersed by 2 min of recovery conducted three times weekly. This was followed by 4 weeks of regular training (follow‐up). We assessed resting cardiac function and dimensions using transthoracic echocardiography and quantified total blood volume with the carbon monoxide rebreathing technique at three time points: before SET, after SET and after the follow‐up period. After SET, stroke volume had increased by 10 (2–18) mL (mean (95% CI)), left atrial end‐diastolic volume by 10 (3–17) mL, and circumferential strain improved by 0.9%‐points (1.7–0.1) (all P < 0.05). At follow‐up, circumferential strain and left atrial end‐diastolic volume were reverted to baseline levels, while stroke volume remained elevated. Blood volume and morphological parameters for the left ventricle, including mass and end‐diastolic volume, did not change during the study. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that a brief period of SET elicits beneficial central cardiac adaptations in elite ice hockey players independent of changes in blood volume.
Convection Cooling of Power Electronics Operating in Deep-Space
Authors: Harsono Jessica , Kozak Joseph P. , Tomey Hala , Yerkes William , Neville Jonathan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since most traditional spacecrafts are designed to operate in a vacuum environment, forced convection cooling has seen limited use in space-applications. This paper considers an ideal candidate—the Dragonfly Lander, a rotorcraft being sent into deep-space to conduct experiments on Saturn's largest moon, Titan. A forced convection based thermal management solution is presented for the rotor drive electronics (RDE) unit, a high-power electronics box responsible for controlling the rotors that allow the Lander to fly on Titan. A thermal flow model was built in Solidworks Flow Simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of a fan system integrated into the packaging design and used as the primary method for cooling the RDE. The model was validated with temperature data collected from custom designed ground support equipment. It was found that utilizing forced convection allows temperatures of the electronics within the tightly packaged RDE to remain within operational limits when conductive and radiative heat transfer alone are insufficient. Titan's dense atmosphere results in greater mass flow rates through fans compared to on Earth, making forced convection a particularly efficient method of heat transfer. This research may guide the use of forced convection in future space missions, or nontraditional environments.
Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic modeling of tuberculosis time to positivity and colony-forming unit to assess the response to dose-ranging linezolid
Authors: Simeon Segolene , Garcia-Cremades Maria , Savic Rada , Solans Belén P. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

According to the World Health Organization, the number of tuberculosis (TB) infections and the drug-resistant burden worldwide increased by 4.5% and 3.0%, respectively, between 2020 and 2021. Disease severity and complexity drive the interest for undertaking new clinical trials to provide efficient treatment to limit spread and drug resistance. TB Alliance conducted a phase 2 study in 106 patients to guide linezolid (LZD) dose selection using early bactericidal activity over 14 days of treatment. LZD is highly efficient for drug-resistant TB treatment, but treatment monitoring is required since serious adverse events can occur. The objective of this study was to develop a pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model to analyze the dose–response relationship between linezolid exposure and efficacy biomarkers. Using time to positivity (TTP) and colony-forming unit (CFU) count data, we developed a PKPD model in six dosing regimens, differing on LZD dosing intensity. A one-compartment model with five transit absorption compartments and non-linear auto-inhibition elimination described best LZD pharmacokinetic characteristics. TTP and CFU logarithmic scaled [log(CFU)] showed a bactericidal activity of LZD against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. TTP was defined by a model with two significant covariates: the presence of uni- and bilateral cavities decreased baseline TTP value by 24%, and an increase on every 500 mg/L/h of cumulative area under the curve increased the rate at which TTP and CFU change from baseline by 20% and 11%, respectively.

CLINICAL TRIALS

This study is registered with

ClinicalTrials.gov
as
NCT02279875

.
mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines
Authors: Ahmed Shamim , Herschhorn Alon 
Published: July 2024

SUMMARY
The success of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 mRNA vaccines to lessen/prevent severe COVID-19 opened new opportunities to develop RNA vaccines to fight other infectious agents. HIV-1 is a lentivirus that integrates into the host cell genome and persists for the lifetime of infected cells. Multiple mechanisms of immune evasion have posed significant obstacles to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine over the last four decades since the identification of HIV-1. Recently, attempts to address some of these challenges have led to multiple studies that manufactured, optimized, and tested, in different animal models, mRNA-based HIV-1 vaccines. Several clinical trials have also been initiated or are planned to start soon. Here, we review the current strategies applied to HIV-1 mRNA vaccines, discuss different targeting approaches, summarize the latest findings, and offer insights into the challenges and future of HIV-1 mRNA vaccines.
Apert syndrome: craniofacial challenges and clinical implications
Authors: Singh Niharika , Verma Promila , Bains Rhythm , Mutalikdesai Jagruti 
Published: July 2024

Apert syndrome is a rare acro-cephalo-syndactyly syndrome characterised by craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly of hands and feet, and dysmorphic facial features. It demonstrates autosomal dominant inheritance assigned to mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor gene, as a result of which signals are not received to produce necessary fibrous material necessary for normal cranial sutures. Deformities are generally cosmetic but can affect various functions such as hearing, visual abnormalities, swallowing, writing, etc, so a multidisciplinary approach is needed for their management.Presently described is a case of a male in his late adolescence who was medically diagnosed with Apert syndrome at birth. Physical appearance and dental examination of the patient included acrocephaly, prominent forehead, ocular hypertelorism, proptosis, short and broad nose, pseudo-prognathism, dental crowding and ectopia, maxillary hypoplasia, low hairline, webbed neck, pectus excavatum and severe bilateral syndactyly of hands and feet.
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective randomised trial protocol comparing clinical and radiological outcomes in minimally invasive surgery versus standard posterior spinal fusion in a single-centre, the Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
Authors: Maccaferri Bruna , Filardo Giuseppe , Cini Chiara , Gasbarrini Alessandro , Vommaro Francesco 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionMinimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) has been shown to be safe and effective in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) correction, even though there is no consensus on which treatment provides the best results.Methods and analysisThe present study will be a randomised controlled trial with allocation 1:1. We will enrol 126 patients with Cobb≤70° undergoing AIS surgery. Patients will be divided into two groups, according to a randomisation list unknown to the surgeons. Group 1 will be treated with posterior spine fusion and group 2 with MISS. MISS technique: two midline noncontiguous skin incisions of 3 cm in length, 3–4 segments (6–8 pedicles screws) instrumented per skin incision, uniplanar and polyaxial pedicle screws inserted bilaterally on each side of the proximal and distal levels, rod translation manoeuvre and C–D manoeuvre performed on the distal part. Clinical and radiological follow-ups will be performed for 5 years. Values of Cobb angles degrees will be collected to study the correction rate of the structural major curve. Postoperative and preoperative anterior-posterior (AP) direct radiography will be compared with the last follow-up examination. Operative time, preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) and second postoperative day Hb, full length of hospitalisation, time to achieve verticalisation and time to remove the drainage will be recorded. Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) medium score will be assessed immediately after surgery and during the whole postoperative rehabilitation treatment to estimate pain reduction. Complications will be collected postoperatively and throughout the whole follow-up period.Moreover, questionnaires will be administered at follow-up (NRS, Scoliosis Research Society-22 and Oswestry Disability Index) for the clinical assessment.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the local ethic committee Area Vasta Emilia Romagna Centro. Written informed consent will be collected for all the participants. Findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT05860673.
Effects of patient-based self-assessed fatigue intervention on early postoperative ambulation following gynaecological oncology surgery: a randomised controlled non-inferiority trial
Authors: Du Qian , Chen Bo , Zhang Xiaohong , He Hong , Qin Xiaomin , Li Lin , Du Junyi , He Xindi , Xu Shaoyong , Xiaojie Huang 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of a patient-based self-assessed fatigue intervention aimed at promoting early postoperative ambulation.DesignProspective randomised controlled trial.SettingSingle-centre, conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the Xiangyang Central Hospital, China.ParticipantsEligible were adult patients undergoing elective gynaecologic oncologic surgery.InterventionsThe intervention group utilised a modified Borg Rating of Perceived Experience (RPE) scale for self-assessment of fatigue levels. The control group followed fixed-activity distance guidelines postoperatively.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the self-reported the time to first flatus postoperatively. Secondary outcomes encompassed the time to first defecation, incidence of moderate-to-severe abdominal distention, ileus, postambulation adverse events (nausea, vomiting and dizziness), patient satisfaction with early ambulation instructions, compliance with early ambulation and average hospital costs and length of stay.ResultsBetween June 2021 and October 2022, 552 patients were enrolled. The self-assessed fatigue intervention group demonstrated non-inferior the time to first flatus compared with the fixed-activity distance assessment group (25.59±14.59 hours vs 26.10±14.19 hours, pnon-inferiority<0.001). Compliance with activity was higher in the intervention group (49.40% vs 36.02%, p<0.001), although it did not reach 50%. The intervention group also exhibited significantly higher mean hospital costs, length of stay and incidence of moderate-to-severe abdominal distention (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe self-assessed fatigue intervention for early postoperative ambulation in gynaecologic oncology patients shows promise as an effective strategy; however, compliance is suboptimal. An intervention based on mandatory, yet reasonable, fixed-activity distance may represent the most viable current approach. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings.Trial registration numberCTR2100046035.
Identifying suicidal risk factors in the French Overseas Territories with multimethod psychological autopsy (AUTOPSOM): a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Amiot Maya , Amadéo Stéphane , Merle Sylvie , Guidère Mathieu , Jehel Louis , Seguin Monique , Spodenkiewicz Michel 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionUnderstanding suicide in more isolated territories is a challenge because of the entanglement of cultural identity with historical, geographical and sociocultural specificities. This knowledge is a necessary precondition for the implementation of targeted prevention strategies in regions such as the French overseas territories (FOT), where data concerning suicidal risk factors is still incomplete. We aim to untangle sociocultural and clinical suicide risk factors by integrating a novel anthropological and psycholinguistic approach into the psychological autopsy method. This article describes the protocol of the clinical study ‘Contribution of Psychological Autopsy to the Understanding of Suicidal Behaviours in Overseas France’ (AUTOPSOM study), designed to identify common or new specific suicide risk factors in four FOT.Methods and analysisA multicentre epidemiological study will be carried out in four FOTs (French Polynesia, Martinique, La Reunion and French Guiana) and at a comparison site in mainland France (La Somme). The methodology will be based on a mixed-methods (quantitative and qualitative) approach using a psychological autopsy to collect clinical data and life events in the deceased’s life. We implemented an exploratory multimethod strategy that combines a succession of epidemiological, anthropological, psycholinguistic and psychological methods with a semiautomated analysis of the discourse of relatives bereaved by suicide.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol (first version) was approved by the French Ethics Committee (CPP OUEST II, approval #22.04267.000122) and the Ethics Committee of French Polynesia (JOPF of 5 April 2022; CEPF opinion n°91 of 29 March 2022). The overall results and the perspectives established at the end of the study will be communicated to the bereaved relatives according to their will and serve for local suicide prevention purposes.Trial registration numberNCT05773898.
Effectiveness of team-based care interventions in improving blood pressure outcomes among adults with hypertension in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hinneh Thomas , Boakye Hosea , Metlock Faith , Ogungbe Oluwabunmi , Kruahong Suratsawadee , Byiringiro Samuel , Dennison Himmelfarb Cheryl , Commodore-Mensah Yvonne 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveWe evaluated the effectiveness of team-based care interventions in improving blood pressure (BP) outcomes among adults with hypertension in Africa.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcePubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, HINARI and African Index Medicus databases were searched from inception to March 2023.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pre-post study designs published in English language focusing on (1) Adults diagnosed with hypertension, (2) Team-based care hypertension interventions led by non-physician healthcare providers (HCPs) and (3) Studies conducted in Africa.Data extraction and synthesisWe extracted study characteristics, the nature of team-based care interventions, team members involved and other reported secondary outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool for pre-post studies. Findings were summarised and presented narratively including data from pre-post studies. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model for only RCT studies. Overall certainty of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool for only the primary outcome (systolic BP).ResultsOf the 3375 records screened, 33 studies (16 RCTs and 17 pre-post studies) were included and 11 RCTs were in the meta-analysis. The overall mean effect of team-based care interventions on systolic BP reduction was −3.91 mm Hg (95% CI −5.68 to −2.15, I² = 0.0%). Systolic BP reduction in team-based care interventions involving community health workers was −4.43 mm Hg (95% CI −5.69 to −3.17, I² = 0.00%) and nurses −3.75 mm Hg (95% CI −10.62 to 3.12, I² = 42.0%). Based on the GRADE assessment, we judged the overall certainty of evidence low for systolic BP reduction suggesting that team-based care intervention may result in a small reduction in systolic BP.ConclusionEvidence from this review supports the implementation of team-based care interventions across the continuum of care to improve awareness, prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control of hypertension in Africa.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023398900.
Exploring barriers and enabling factors for surgical task sharing with physician assistants in Liberia: a qualitative pre-implementation study
Authors: Werz Markus Jan , van Duinen Alex J , Hampaye Theophilus C , van den Broek Ankie , Bolkan Håkon A 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThis study explores potential barriers and enabling factors that may influence the acceptance of implementation of a surgical task-sharing initiative targeting physician assistants (PAs) in Liberia.DesignA qualitative, pre-implementation study using semistructured interviews. Data was analysed in NVivo V.12 using deductive coding and the consolidated framework for implementation research as a guide.SettingLiberia has few surgical providers and a poor surgical infrastructure resulting in a very low surgical volume. The research was conducted in the context of an already running surgical task-sharing programme for midwives.ParticipantsIn 2019, a total of 30 key stakeholders in the field of surgery and the PAs training programme were interviewed.ResultsThe majority of the stakeholders supported the idea of training PAs in surgery. The high unemployment rate among PAs and the need for career advancement of this cadre were important enabling factors. Resistance against surgical task sharing for mid-level clinicians is multifaceted. The Ministry of Health (MOH) did not share a common vision. Opponents within the MOH believed budgetary constraints within the MOH and the lack of surgical infrastructure is a more pressing problem compared with the surgically trained human resources. Another important group of opponents are medical officers (MOs) and their professional bodies. Many of their negative beliefs around surgical task sharing reflect lessons to be drawn from the current surgical training programme for midwives.ConclusionPrior to deciding on implementation of a surgical training programme for PAs, wider support is needed. If surgical task sharing with PAs is to be considered, the intervention should focus on adapting the ‘adaptable’ periphery of the intervention to broaden the support of the MOH, MOs and their professional bodies. Failing to obtain such support should make the implementors consider alternative strategies to strengthen surgical human resources in rural Liberia.