bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anisotropic in Situ Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with VC Carbide Fibres
Authors: Kawalec M. , Górny M. , Sikora G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A eutectic reaction is a basic liquid-solid transformation, which can be used in the fabrication of high-strength in situ composites. In this study an attempt was made to ensure directional solidification of Fe-C-V alloy with hypereutectic microstructure. In this alloy, the crystallisation of regular fibrous eutectic and primary carbides with the shape of non-faceted dendrites takes place. According to the data given in technical literature, this type of eutectic is suitable for the fabrication of in-situ composites, owing to the fact that a flat solidification front is formed accompanied by the presence of two phases, where one of the phases can crystallise in the form of elongated fibres.
In the present study an attempt was also made to produce directionally solidifying vanadium eutectic using an apparatus with a very high temperature gradient amounting to 380 W/cm at a rate of 3 mm/h. Alloy microstructure was examined in both the initial state and after directional solidification. It was demonstrated that the resulting microstructure is of a non-homogeneous character, and the process of directional solidification leads to an oriented arrangement of both the eutectic fibres and primary carbides.
Effect of Shortened Heat Treatment on Change of the Rm Tensile Strength of the 320.0 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Pezda J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Mechanical and technological properties of castings made from 3xx.x alloys depend mainly on properly performed process of melting and casting, structure of a casting and mould, as well as possible heat treatment. Precipitation processes occurring during the heat treatment of the silumins containing additives of Cu and/or Mg have effect on improvement of mechanical properties of the material, while choice of parameters of solutioning and ageing treatments belongs to objectives of research work performed by a number of authors. Shortened heat treatment, which is presented in the paper assures suitable mechanical properties (Rm), and simultaneously doesn’t cause any increase of production costs of a given component due to long lasting operations of the solutioning and ageing. Results of the research concern effects of the solutioning and ageing parameters on the Rm tensile strength presented in form of the second degree polynomial and illustrated in spatial diagrams. Performed shortened heat treatment results in considerable increase of the Rm tensile strength of the 320.0 alloy as early as after 1 hour of the solutioning and 2 hours of the ageing performed in suitable.
Influence of the Reclaim Addition on Properties of Moulding Sands with the Geopol Binder
Authors: Drożyński D. , Bobrowski A. , Holtzer M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The investigation results of the influence of the reclaim additions on the properties of moulding sands with the GEOPOL geopolymer binder developed by the SAND TEAM Company were presented. Two brands of hardeners were applied in the tested compositions, the first one was developed by the SAND TEAM Company, marked SA72 and the new hardener offered by the KRATOS Company, marked KR72. The main purpose of investigations was to determine the influence of reclaim fractions and the applied hardener on the basic moulding sands properties, such as: bending and tensile strength, permeability and grindability. The unfavourable influence of the reclaim additions into moulding sands on the tested properties as well as an increased hardening rate, were found. Moulding sands, in which the hardener KR72 of the KRATOS Company was used, were less sensitive to the reclaim additions
Effects of chronic exposure to lead, cadmium, and manganese mixtures on oxidative stress in rat liver and heart / Utjecaj kronične istodobne izloženosti olovu, kadmiju i manganu na oksidativni stres u jetri i srcu štakora
Authors: Markiewicz-Górka Iwona , Januszewska Lidia , Michalak Aleksandra , Prokopowicz Adam , Januszewska Ewa , Pawlas Natalia , Pawlas Krystyna 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of chronic combined exposure to low, environmental doses of Cd, Pb, and Mn on oxidative stress in the liver and heart of rats and on their liver function parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into eight groups. For nine months controls were receiving drinking water alone, whereas the exposed groups were receiving drinking water with Pb (0.2 mg L-1), Cd (1 mg L-1), and Mn (2 mg L-1) alone or in combinations. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in both heart and liver of the animals after combined exposure to metals. Heart MDA correlated with blood Cd, Pb, and Mn and liver MDA with blood Cd. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and bilirubin concentration also increased significantly in the animal group exposed to all three metals and correlated positively with blood Cd, Pb, and Mn. Our study has confirmed the synergistic effect of the Cd, Mn, and Pb combination on the increase in heart MDA. A similar synergy was observed for Pb+Mn in the increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity as an indicator of liver function.
Etiopathogenical criteria in the early diagnosis of Compartmental Syndrome (CS) of the shank
Authors: Șerban Al. O. , Obadă B. , Botnaru V. , Valcu Al. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Through the evaluation of some etiopathogenic risk factors one can anticipate the evaluation of some fractures towards Compartmental Syndrome (CS) and then their diagnosis in early stage, when the symptomatology is still unconvincing and the treatment reduces the risk of ischemia lesions. Based both on some prospective observations, using a group of shank fractures, and also on the clinical facts of constituted CS, there were made correlations, statistically reported in the case of some etiopathogenic risk factors represented by the fracture localization and its characteristics, traumatic mechanisms, soft tissue quality and polytraumatism, having an objective common denominator, the compartmental pressure level measured directly. The authors propose an etiopathogenic risk score of CS for the fractures reaching the pressure level of 20-30mmHg, recommending the pressional and clinical monitoring for a score of minimum 10 points. These fractures have a certain risk of CS.
Growth Strategy and War: Tax Dilemmas for Japan’s Finance Ministry in the 1930s
Authors: Revelant Andrea 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of continuity in the long-term development of the Japanese tax system, focussing on fiscal reform in the 1930s in order to assess the impact of war on policy making. Specifically, it tracks the response of bureaucrats in the Finance Ministry to the challenge of how to reconcile economic growth with tax increases and redistribution of the burden. The views of ministerial officials are investigated on the basis of classified documents issued by the Tax Bureau, which previous research has only partially examined. The analysis points out that, rather than looking at war as an opportunity to push through a structural reform, bureaucrats continued to follow policy guidelines that were rooted in the developmentalist strategy established in the Meiji period. This conclusion helps to explain the resurgence of some key prewar features of taxation in the contemporary system, despite wartime reorganisation and attempts at further reform during the American occupation.
Interwar Japan, Institutional Change, and the Choice of Austerity
Authors: Bryan Steven 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In interwar Japan the gold standard became conflated with austerity but, historically, there had been no such connection in Japan. Nineteenth and twentieth century British rhetoric made the gold standard an adjunct of deflation, but that was a British fixation, not Japanese. In addition to being highly political, this late-nineteenth century understanding and use of the gold standard was based on, and promoted, expansionary monetary policy and long-term development. In the interwar period this changed. Japanese governments chose austerity under the guise of complying with international rules and standards and turned the expansionary gold standard of the pre-World War I years into a deflationary system of austerity, depression, and, ultimately, nationalist reaction.
Partisan Policy Swings in Japan, 1913–1932
Authors: Metzler Mark 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This essay develops a temporal and conceptual framework for analyzing some core processes in the political economy of Japan and in the political economy of two-party systems in general. It takes as a case study the era of “Taishō democracy”. The two-party politics of the era, originating out of the Taishō political crisis of 1912–13, were shaped by an opposition between the so-called positive policy of fiscal-monetary expansion and the so-called negative policy of retrenchment. The “positive-negative” divide structured a wide range of policy domains, including fiscal policy, monetary and foreign-exchange policy, diplomatic policy, military policy, social policy, and industrial policy. This essay constructs a chronology of this policy dialectic across multiple policy domains and contributes to theoretical discussion of policy fields, polarities, and regimes. It concludes by making a cross-temporal comparison to policy swings in the 1990s.
English for Special Purposes: Specialized Languages and Problems of Terminology
Authors: Nagy Imola Katalin 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with some aspects of English for professional purposes. After a short historical overview of theories related to LSP (language for special purposes), we focus on some of the linguistic peculiarities of English for Specific Purposes. Our aim is to make a synthesis of the main theories and debates upon the issue of specialized languages, as the number of articles and writings on the topic is tremendous. We also wish to make a brief presentation of the most important contributions (still, we have to admit that the list of authors and articles is much longer, we had to make a selection, due to the editorial limitations of this article). We have gathered and synthesized what authors like Cabré, Celce-Murcia, Crystal, Croitoru, Motos, Strevens and others have said and we have also tried to make a comprehensive list of the names given to specialized language or language for specific purposes over time. Still, we have to state that it is not our goal to come up with examples or conclusions regarding our own personal ESP experience and/or previous research. The goal of this present study is to make a synthesis of the theories and writings on the topic of English for specific purposes (i.e. metaelemzés/metaanalysis in Klaudy's words or szekunder kutatás/secondary research in Fóris's words).
International Standards: Past Free Trade Agreements and the Prospects in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership
Authors: Eliasson Leif Johan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership represents a strategic vision of transatlantic relations, including job creation, global leadership, and establishing high international standards. This paper discusses how three recent bi-lateral and regional agreements, along with positions adopted in transatlantic negotiations, convey respective side's acceptable parameters, and how international standards are emerging from and disseminated through agreements involving the European Union and the United States
Is the Czech Republic on its Way to Semi-Presidentialism?
Authors: Hloušek Vít 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
The main aim of the article is to contribute to the bourgeoning debate on semipresidentialism, its definition, and its characteristic features, with analysis of the empirical example of the Czech Republic, a country which, according to Elgie´s standard definition, shifted to semi-presidentialism in 2012. The author investigates whether and how Miloš Zeman, the first directly elected president of the Czech Republic, influences relations among the key political institutions in the direction of the model of a semi-presidential democracy. The paper sets out the working concept of semi-presidentialism first and, through the lenses of process tracing, analyses the goals and acts of Zeman after he entered office in January 2013. The case study of the Czech Republic sheds light not only on the recent development(s) in the Czech political system, but it can be seen as an interesting example of how strong political personalities are attempting to expand their influence on politics in a parliamentary democracy and what the possible limits of this effort are.
Computation of tooth axes of existent and missing teeth from 3D CT images
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Lin , Guo Huayan , Qiu Tiantian , Huang Yuanliang , Lin Bin , Wang Lisheng 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOrientations of tooth axes are important quantitative information used in dental diagnosis and surgery planning. However, their computation is a complex problem, and the existing methods have respective limitations. This paper proposes new methods to compute 3D tooth axes from 3D CT images for existent teeth with single root or multiple roots and to estimate 3D tooth axes from 3D CT images for missing teeth. The tooth axis of a single-root tooth will be determined by segmenting the pulp cavity of the tooth and computing the principal direction of the pulp cavity, and the estimation of tooth axes of the missing teeth is modeled as an interpolation problem of some quaternions along a 3D curve. The proposed methods can either avoid the difficult teeth segmentation problem or improve the limitations of existing methods. Their effectiveness and practicality are demonstrated by experimental results of different 3D CT images from the clinic.
Material model and revealing the truth
Authors: Czarnecki L. , Sokołowska J.J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper refers to the approach used in science, specifically in building materials engineering, assuming the possibility of material modeling, including modeling of the technical characteristics of building materials of various compositions as well as modeling phenomena/processes that occur during the use of materials and structures made from them. The authors analyze the merits of the approach of modeling in the context of compliance computational models to reality, consider the significance of the selection of the proper model (type of mathematical function, number of input data) which should be based on the knowledge of modeled material or phenomenon and later adequate verification of the model. The authors also underline importance of proper interpretation of results obtained by calculation. Misrepresentation may result in a misstated model of the studied phenomenon and lead to incorrect conclusions, which puts the researcher far from the truth, that he or she should always seek for.
Equivalent Transformations and Regularization in Context-Free Grammars
Authors: Fedorchenko Ludmila , Baranov Sergey 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Regularization of translational context-free grammar via equivalent transformations is a mandatory step in developing a reliable processor of a formal language defined by this grammar. In the 1970-ies, the multi-component oriented graphs with basic equivalent transformations were proposed to represent a formal grammar of ALGOL-68 in a compiler for IBM/360 compatibles. This paper describes a method of grammar regularization with the help of an algorithm of eliminating the left/right-hand side recursion of nonterminals which ultimately converts a context-free grammar into a regular one. The algorithm is based on special equivalent transformations of the grammar syntactic graph: elimination of recursions and insertion of iterations. When implemented in the system SynGT, it has demonstrated over 25% reduction of the memory size required to store the respective intermediate control tables, compared to the algorithm used in Flex/Bison parsers.
RFID Tag Ownership Transfer Protocol with Retrospective Ability
Authors: Gan Yong , He Lei , Yin Yi-feng 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Tag ownership transfer is an important process for RFID system. Besides the user needs to obtain the information concerning the quality of products in some scenarios, which are attached by tags. In this paper, we proposed an ownership transfer protocol with retrospective ability and analyzed its security level by using GNY logic. The results indicate that the ownership transfer protocol provides high-quality security to RFID systems. It provides an authentication between the tag and owners and location privacy of the tag. The protocol enables to resist a replay attack, man-in-the-middle attack and desynchronization attack. It also protects forward security and backward security. Moreover, it provides the information concerning the quality of the product attached by tags. We analyzed the performance of the protocol and implemented it. The results of the empirical study show that the cost time of a tag is less than some other protocols and suitable for low-cost tags.
Cellular metabolism and lysosomal mTOR signaling
Authors: Nnah Israel C. , Khayati Khoosheh , Dobrowolski Radek 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOver the last few years extensive studies have linked the activity of mTORC1 to lysosomal function. These observations propose an intriguing integration of cellular catabolism, sustained by lysosomes, with anabolic processes, largely controlled by mTORC1. Interestingly, lysosomal function directly affects mTORC1 activity and is regulated by ZKSCAN3 and TFEB, two transcription factors and substrates of mTORC1. Thus, the lysosomal mTOR signaling complex represents a hub of cellular energy metabolism, and its dysregulation may lead to a number of human diseases. Here, we discuss the recent developments and highlight the open questions in this growing field.
Study on Promoting Companies Specialized in the Production of Wine From IA§I County (Romania) by Implementing Online Marketing (Case Study)
Authors: Chiran A. , Gîndu Elena , Jitareanu A. F. , Apetre Mădălina-Oana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Online promotion of wine products is a new but indispensable approach in all promotional activities initiated by companies and producers of wine, whereas there is a need for a greater focus on this specific market, not separated from the real one, but a new component, increasingly prevalent. The new market, where demand is getting bigger in our country and where consumers are becoming more and more faithful to this type of promotion, is the online environment, which generated, as a response from manufacturers and distributors in almost all food industry areas, online marketing. Promoting in the virtual environment follows the same stages of development as any promoting strategy from other environments of intersection with customers: initial research, market segmentation, setting goals, market positio-ning, marketing mix, implementation of the promotional campaign itself and the implementation and post implementation control. The key features of wine products online promoting is interactivity and socialization. Internet communication occurs in two directions, unlike traditional marketing, which is unidirectional. The other characteristic of virtual promotional methods - socialization characterizes the future of cyberspace. The research purpose is not to separate the new form of promotion of other forms of nonvirtual marketing activities, but to emphasize that online marketing is the component that should not be missing from any promotional cam-paign launched by a company. The research was based on information provided by the S.C. Cotnari S.A. Department of Marketing. In order to determine the characteristics of online communication and modern promoting trends, we analyzed the website and social media accounts of this wine producer, as well as news portals and blogs. Questionnaires were applied on a sample of 133 consumers, to analyze the impact on their use of online marketing. The studied sample consisted of consumers of wine and, most of them, Internet users, from urban or rural areas. Each questionnaire contained 16 questions, with a total of 63 variables, and aimed to compare the behavior of respondents towards online promotion activity of S.C. Cotnari S.A., Iaşi county.
Political thought of the Pilsudskites’ formation in Poland (1926–1939) – the main features/ Myśl polityczna formacji piłsudczykowskiej w Polsce… (1926–1939) – cechy podstawowe
Authors: Paruch Waldemar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe article is an analysis of the characteristics of the political thought of the Pilsudskiite Camp on four levels. First - it was established that an impact of the authoritarian syndrome on the ideo-creative activity of Jozef Pilsudski’s followers and successors was significant. Second - the most important features of the Pilsudskiite ideology were analyzed. Third - the organizational and functional model of the Pilsudskiite Camp was evaluated. Fourth - the conceptual and programme model of the Pilsudskiite Camp were discussed.
Revison of an Atheloptic Visean Trilobite Association in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic)
Authors: Rak Štěpán , Viktorýn Tomáš , Otava JiŘí 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Recently two new trilobite occurrences were discovered during geological mapping of fossiliferous shales of the Březina Formation around the village of Březina in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic). The newly discovered localities are extraordinary because of the unexpected occurrence of articulated trilobite exoskeletons associated with brachiopods including supporting spines. The new atheloptic association of Mississippian trilobites is described for the first time from the Moravian Karst.
The impact of mining on the environment in Poland – myths and reality
Authors: PIETRZYK-SOKULSKA ELŻBIETA , UBERMAN RYSZARD , KULCZYCKA JOANNA 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Mining is always connected with interference in the environment, especially with the landscape, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The increasing requirements of environmental standards in Europe influence actions taken by the mining industry, which leads to minimization of impact during exploration, exploitation, processing and use of raw materials and waste. Moreover, mining companies often compensate the environment transformations via the processes of reclamation and adequately chosen directions of further adaptation.
New post-mining areas are characterized, in many cases, by higher values than before the commencement of mining works. The problem is still the depletion of non-renewable raw materials. This can be minimized by rational resource management and also by the effective use, recovery, recycling and substituting of minerals. These actions will have an impact not only on the extension of the operation of existing plants, but will also diminish the areas needed for extraction of new deposits.
In the paper, the transformations taking place in the mining industry in Poland, as well as myths and threats connected with its further development were pointed out. The actions by this industrial branch which lead to minimization of the pressure on the environment and the applied reclamation were also shown.