bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Christianity and Food: Recent Scholarly Trends
Authors: Patterson Barbara A. B. , Banks Shirley M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractToday's scholarship on Christianity's relationships with, to, and through foods, performatively, theologically, and ethically, must address global constituents and claims. Recent scholarship on Christianity and food moves from the usual markets of textual research, socio‐cultural histories, and ethnography to more interdisciplinary approaches stirred by global Christian communities and concerns. This article highlights shifts in more traditional, field‐related scholarship about Christianity and food while demonstrating why global Christian perspectives not only build from that research but also push beyond it. The field‐related scholarship is reviewed using four frames or categories, offered as organizing and heuristic help. They are the following: socio‐cultural and comparative; lived religion and ethnography; feminist, womanist, and liberatory; and global. Two types of material broadly inform these frames: historical and textual, and ethnographic and lived or practiced religion. The current and future diversity, needs, and claims of global Christian communities and contexts cannot be contained or wedged into scholarship traditionally bound to these field‐situated approaches. Scholarship related to Christianity, and food must embrace interdisciplinary and innovative strategies shared among world‐wide scholars and practitioners. From questions about community identity, to celebratory feasting and observant fasting during, cultural and seasonal cycles, including Eucharist and earth care, the future of research in global Christianity and food promises a feast of possibilities. Scholars will find a rich range of challenging issues involving faith and practice tuned to global viewpoint on ritual and performance, theologies, colonial resistances, and global alliances and politics.
Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902) 150 Years on: Critical Studies of an Influential Hindu Guru
Authors: Beckerlegge Gwilym 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSwami Vivekananda has been recognised as one of the most influential but arguably controversial Hindu gurus of the last two centuries. In this year of the 150th anniversary of Vivekananda's birth, this article will examine the concerns and approaches that have come increasingly to characterise etic scholarship concerning Vivekananda's life and legacy. Referring as a starting point to an earlier historiographical review completed in the early 1990s, the article then explores how scholarly studies have revisited the question of the nature of Vivekananda's influence on Hindu nationalism (Hindutva) and have come to give greater prominence to his role in the globalisation of yoga.
The meaning of ethically charged encounters and their possible influence on professional identity in Norwegian public health nursing: a phenomenological hermeneutic study
Authors: Dahl Berit Misund , Clancy Anne , Andrews Therese 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundIn today's health care, new health reforms focus on market values and demands of efficiency influence health workers' professional practice. Norwegian public health nurses work mainly with healthy populations, but the children, families and young people they meet can be in vulnerable and even dependent situations. Strategies in coping with ethically challenging encounters can be important for the identity of the profession.AimThe aim of the study was to illuminate public health nurses' experiences of being in ethically charged encounters and to reflect upon how these experiences can influence their professional identity.MethodA purposive sample of 23 Norwegian public health nurses with experience ranging from 0.5 to 25 years narrated about their work‐related experiences. The interviews were interpreted with a phenomenological hermeneutic method inspired by the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur.FindingsFour themes were identified: feeling responsible, being committed, feeling confident and feeling inadequate. These experiences were related to both work and private life and involved an emotional commitment to the well‐being of children, young people and families.ConclusionOn the basis of the findings, it can be estimated thatPHNs are committed to their work, and defending children's rights is a strong driving force. Responsibility for service users is a deciding factor that can overshadow institutional demands. It seems as if value conflicts mobilised courage which is essential in maintaining moral strength. This is in turn important for a strong professional identity and can have positive implications for the quality of public health nursing work.
Rye Pm8 and wheat Pm3 are orthologous genes and show evolutionary conservation of resistance function against powdery mildew
Authors: Hurni Severine , Brunner Susanne , Buchmann Gabriele , Herren Gerhard , Jordan Tina , Krukowski Patricia , Wicker Thomas , Yahiaoui Nabila , Mago Rohit , Keller Beat 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe improvement of wheat through breeding has relied strongly on the use of genetic material from related wild and domesticated grass species. The 1RS chromosome arm from rye was introgressed into wheat and crossed into many wheat lines, as it improves yield and fungal disease resistance. Pm8 is a powdery mildew resistance gene on 1RS which, after widespread agricultural cultivation, is now widely overcome by adapted mildew races. Here we show by homology‐based cloning and subsequent physical and genetic mapping that Pm8 is the rye orthologue of the Pm3 allelic series of mildew resistance genes in wheat. The cloned gene was functionally validated as Pm8 by transient, single‐cell expression analysis and stable transformation. Sequence analysis revealed a complex mosaic of ancient haplotypes among Pm3‐ and Pm8‐like genes from different members of the Triticeae. These results show that the two genes have evolved independently after the divergence of the species 7.5 million years ago and kept their function in mildew resistance. During this long time span the co‐evolving pathogens have not overcome these genes, which is in strong contrast to the breakdown of Pm8 resistance since its introduction into commercial wheat 70 years ago. Sequence comparison revealed that evolutionary pressure acted on the same subdomains and sequence features of the two orthologous genes. This suggests that they recognize directly or indirectly the same pathogen effectors that have been conserved in the powdery mildews of wheat and rye.
Braid group actions via categorified Heisenberg complexes
Authors: Cautis Sabin , Licata Anthony , Sussan Joshua 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe construct categorical braid group actions from 2-representations of a Heisenberg algebra. These actions are induced by certain complexes which generalize spherical (Seidel–Thomas) twists and are reminiscent of the Rickard complexes defined by Chuang–Rouquier. Conjecturally, one can relate our complexes to Rickard complexes using categorical vertex operators.
The Chabauty–Coleman bound at a prime of bad reduction and Clifford bounds for geometric rank functions
Authors: Katz Eric , Zureick-Brown David 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLet $X$ be a curve over a number field $K$ with genus $g\geq 2$, $\mathfrak{p}$ a prime of ${ \mathcal{O} }_{K} $ over an unramified rational prime $p\gt 2r$, $J$ the Jacobian of $X$, $r= \mathrm{rank} \hspace{0.167em} J(K)$, and $\mathscr{X}$ a regular proper model of $X$ at $\mathfrak{p}$. Suppose $r\lt g$. We prove that $\# X(K)\leq \# \mathscr{X}({ \mathbb{F} }_{\mathfrak{p}} )+ 2r$, extending the refined version of the Chabauty–Coleman bound to the case of bad reduction. The new technical insight is to isolate variants of the classical rank of a divisor on a curve which are better suited for singular curves and which satisfy Clifford’s theorem.
Comprehensive Engineering: A New Concurrent Engineering to Reduce Cost and Increase Productivity Across Industries
Authors: Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: October 2013

Concurrent Engineering (CE) realized faster time to market with great reduction of time, cost and energy. This old version of CE, however, focused its attention to production within an individual industry. It is process-focused.
It is pointed out that if we expand CE from individual industry to a group of industries, greater increase of productivity and reduction of cost can be achieved.
In this new version of industry-focused CE, overlaps will be eliminated and common functions across industries are pursued.
Such seamless engineering will bring us a great reduction of energy consumption and it will contribute a great deal toward the establishment of the green society.
Application of Pulse Wave Analysis in a Personal Health Monitoring Device
Authors: Malinin Len , Naumov Valery 
Published: October 2013

Pulse wave (PW) is a physiological event, observable and measurable in the arterial system during blood circulation. One of characteristics that can be determined from a PW record is heart rate variability (HRV), an indication of beat-to-beat alterations in the heart rate. HRV is an accurate and reliable reflection of several physiological factors modulating the normal rhythm of the heart. HRV has escalated in use as an important diagnostic tool which indicates the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomous nervous system (ANS) and the synchronization between them. HRV patterns are also sensitive to changes in emotional state and can be used to distinguish positive and negative emotions. However, HRV is just one of characteristics that can be extracted from a good quality pulse wave record. Other characteristics of the PW in the time and frequency domains can serve as an indication of the status of a cardio-vascular system.
Modern personal health monitoring tools, which use data processing capability of smartphones and personal computers, make daily or even continuous HRV analysis available for users who are affected by sedentary life style, high stress, and fatigue. The practical application of the PW monitoring requires, besides software and electronic, selection of clinically meaningful characteristics of the pulse wave and communicating them to a non-medical user. For this purpose, it is proposed to use, in addition to HRV, to use the characteristics based on duration of the four phases of the pulse wave, and compare them with the baseline level obtained for the same user under non-stressed conditions. Deviations from the baseline are presented to the user. Correlation of these readings with objective parameters of the cardio-vascular system is supported by clinical data.
Evaluation of Effective Elastic Mechanical Properties of Graphene Sheets
Authors: Alzebdeh Khalid I. 
Published: October 2013

The mechanical behaviour of a single-layer nanostructured graphene sheet is investigated using an atomistic-based continuum model. This is achieved by equating the stored energy in a representative unit cell for a graphene sheet at atomistic scale to the strain energy of an equivalent continuum medium under prescribed boundary conditions. Proper displacement-controlled (essential) boundary conditions which generate a uniform strain field in the unit cell model are applied to calculate one elastic modulus at a time. Three atomistic finite element models are adopted with an assumption that force interactions among carbon atoms can be modeled by either spring-like or beam elements. Thus, elastic moduli for graphene structure are determined based on the proposed modeling approach. Then, effective Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio are extracted from the set of calculated elastic moduli.
Results of Young’s modulus obtained by employing the different atomistic models show a good agreement with the published theoretical and numerical predictions. However, Poisson’s ratio exhibits sensitivity to the considered atomistic model. This observation is supported by a significant variation in estimates as can be found in the literature. Furthermore, isotropic behaviour of in-plane graphene sheets was validated based on current modeling.
Analysis of Knob Traces Based on Changes in Armrest’s Length and Central Axis Location of Grahamizer
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Chun Keyoung Jin , Hong Jae Soo , Kim Chang Won , Hong Jung Hwa 
Published: October 2013

The hemiparalysis, which is a widely known side effect of the disease, requires consistent and accurate rehabilitation exercise treatment. The Grahamizer is a representative piece of equipment for such treatment. Because it consists of a double pivot system, under exercise, the irregularly moving pivots could create an unintended movement and malfunction. Using the Grahamizer, this study analyzed movement patterns based on changes in the armrest’s length and the central axis location for a stable and accurate upper limb rehabilitation exercise.
Eight healthy subjects participated in the study. The Grahamizer, which allows the length of the armrest and the central axis location to be adjusted, was used for experimental equipment. The length could be adjusted to five levels (280mm, 220mm, 160mm, 100mm, and 40mm), and the location ranged from 5 levels to 1 level based on the length of the arm support (280mm: 5positions, 220mm: 4positions, 160mm: 3positions, 100mm: 2positions, 40mm: 1position). A marker located above a knob traced the knob’s movements. The experiment was conducted three times. Each subject held the knob and implemented rotational movements passively, with an angular velocity of 30°/s. After integrating the subjects’ movement traces, the tendency was analyzed. A previous study provided an analysis of the elbow and shoulder joint movements under a normal upper-body rotation movement. This study on movement traces was conducted based on those results.
Longer armrest lengths and greater distances between the central axis location and knob showed greater stability for the rotation movements. Remarkable results were found for changes in the axis location. However, smaller distances between the axis location and knob revealed larger movement traces. A previous study found, when a counterclockwise rotation was defined as 0°∼360°, that an elbow motion of 0°∼180° is flexion and 180°∼360° is extension. The shoulder joint motions are similar: 0°∼90°: medial rotation, 90°∼180°: lateral rotation, 180°∼270° medial rotation, and 270°∼360°: lateral rotation. According to the previous study, with a larger trace (smaller distance between the axis location and knob), the rotation movements of the elbow and shoulder are more accurate from 0° to 180° than from 180° to 360°.
The experiment confirmed that the Grahamizer’s armrest axis location has an impact on movement traces, and changes in the traces prevented the intended joint exercise. Under the circumstances, the location is an important design variable when developing the Grahamizer.
Development of a Predictive Design Methodology for Structural Polymers Subject to Long-Term Loadings
Authors: Jackson Julie R. , Vallee Glenn E. 
Published: October 2013

A methodology for designing polymeric service components for resistance to creep rupture is presented. One of the major difficulties encountered when designing service components that must carry loads for extended periods of time, particularly at elevated temperatures, is the prevention of failures caused by creep rupture. Creep rupture typically occurs at stresses well below the static or quasi static failure stresses commonly used to evaluate the safety of the design. A predictive method is therefore required to guard against such failures.
A Delrin 100 polymer is studied and its creep and creep rupture characteristics at temperatures ranging from 23°C to 85°C are determined. These properties are then used to formulate viscous creep and creep rupture models for use in the commercially available ABAQUS finite element program. The creep material model uses standardized creep test data, and the creep rupture model utilizes an element failure criteria used to predict the time to failure under various stress and temperature conditions. These material models are verified experimentally by performing creep and creep rupture tests at elevated temperatures, and reasonable agreement is seen. An axisymmetric finite element model of a typical service component used in a construction hand tool is then developed using the creep and creep rupture models developed for use in ABAQUS. Creep rupture is predicted over a range of loads and temperatures which are expected in service. Two creep rupture test fixtures are then designed for testing of the service component studied using ABAQUS. These fixtures are used to perform testing of two components simultaneously, and are capable of being loaded into an oven together to allow testing at elevated temperatures to be performed. The prediction of the time to creep rupture under actual service conditions computed by ABAQUS shows reasonable agreement with the component testing.
A methodology for designing components for resistance to creep rupture failures is then developed which focuses on the determination of maximum allowable stresses for a given set of life and loading conditions. The methodology described in this report is validated experimentally by modifying the geometry of the service component to increase the maximum stress to a level which results in a creep rupture failure as predicted by ABAQUS. The component is tested at an elevated temperature and failure at a time near that predicted in the finite element analysis is seen. It is concluded that the utilization of this design methodology can increase service life at the temperatures and load levels seen in service.
A New High-Precision Bearing Measuring System for Non-Repetitive Run-Out (NRRO)
Authors: Yang Zhaohui , Hong Jun , Zhang Jinhua , Wang Michael Yu , Liu Jian 
Published: October 2013

As ultra-precision index of high-precision ball bearings, the value of non-repetitive run-out (NRRO) directly influences the rotation accuracy in complex mechanical system. Reducing NRRO contributes to improve the quality of manufacturing in machining tools. This paper developed a new high-precision bearing measuring system to analyze the NRRO of an angular contact ball bearing caused by geometrical errors of bearings’ parts. The characteristic of measuring system as follows:
(1) The air-bearing spindle that is drive by servomotor is used to support the test bearing to ensure the system accuracy and continuously variable;
(2) The air-bearing of flat is used to load of non-contact on the test bearing along axial direction for simulation conditions of bearings;
(3) The multi-capacitive displacement sensors are used to measure run-out of the air-bearing spindle vibration of the radial direction, then the run-out is separated as system error;
(4) The NRRO of axial and radial directions caused by geometrical errors of the rings raceways and the balls could be analyzed.
Design of a Fuel Cell Powered Blended Wing Body UAV
Authors: Verstraete Dries , Lehmkuehler Kai , Wong K. C. 
Published: October 2013

Small-scale electrically powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are currently in use for a variety of reconnaissance and remote sensing missions. For these missions, electrical propulsion is generally preferred over small internal combustion engines because of the low noise and IR signature, low vibration levels, ease of operational support, and physical robustness. A desire for longer endurance than is available from the current generation of batteries has motivated the development of fuel cell based hybrid electrical propulsion systems. These advanced powerplant designs often include implementation challenges that will require new development methods and tools. Fuel cells generally lead to very low fuel weight at a high specific energy (Wh/kg) but have low specific power (W/kg). A high specific power is required to improve aircraft performance and manoeuvrability. Aircraft concepts powered solely by fuel cells therefore require both extremely lightweight airframes with a large internal volume and low-power payloads, which remains a challenge for conventional airframe designs. A blended-wing-body (BWB) airframe has high aerodynamic and structural efficiencies, which therefore seem ideally suited for this new generation of power-plants.
This paper presents the development and testing of a novel BWB fuel-cell powered UAV. The paper first describes the initial design steps that led to the current airframe design. The Mark 1 platform has been developed, with a half-scale model built and currently being flight-tested. Based on the flight test results, the airframe will be scaled up and optimised to accommodate the fuel-cell and its associated systems. This aircraft will then be tested with a standard electrical propulsion system to determine the airworthiness with the restricted fuel cell power output as well as the design of the take-off boost system. This paper reports on the design, analyses, and preliminary testing of a fuel cell powered BWB UAV.
Improving documentation of treatment escalation decisions in acute care
Authors: Dahill Mark , Powter Louise , Garland Lynn , Mallett Mark , Nolan Jerry 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this project was to improve the documentation of treatment escalation decisions at a district general hospital in southwest England. A pilot ‘Ceiling of Treatment’ proforma was trialled on the care of the elderly wards at the Royal United Hospital (RUH), Bath. Successive PDSA cycles enabled revision of the proforma for use across the Trust. Data were collected on the proportion of patients with a documented treatment escalation decision. Formative feedback was collected via questionnaire from trainees and discussion with special interest groups of consultants within the hospital. This approach involved collaboration between acute medicine, intensive care, elderly care, the resuscitation department, palliative care and the legal department. Documentation of ceiling of treatment decisions rose from 30% to 90% during the study. A survey of medical trainees showed 67% (n=36) had seen the ceiling of treatment form, of which, 100% found it useful on on-call shifts. Initiating a proforma to record treatment escalation decisions and combining this with the existing ‘Do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation’ (DNAR) paperwork, increased decision making and documentation. This intervention ensures patients receive the appropriate level of care, as indicated by their consultant, and reduces anxiety for junior doctors during on-call shifts.