bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Chemotherapy‐Induced Ovarian Failure in Premenopausal Women Undergoing Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Tiong V. , Rozita A. M. , Taib N. A. , Yip C. H. , Ng C. H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionBreast cancer is increasingly reported in young premenopausal women in Asia. Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival; however, it has a unique consequence of ovarian failure in premenopausal patients.ObjectiveThis study’s aim was to find the incidence of chemotherapy‐induced ovarian failure (CIOF) and reversible amenorrhea in premenopausal non‐metastatic breast cancer patients.MethodThis mixed retrospective and prospective study follows premenopausal breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy between 2008 and 2012. Patients in the prospective arm were followed up with menstrual history and serum ovarian hormones (follicle‐stimulating hormone [FSH] and estradiol) until 1 year post‐chemotherapy, and patients in the retrospective arm were contacted for their menstrual history.ResultsThe mean age of the 102 subjects was 43.3 years. Of the patients, 93.1 and 77.9 % were amenorrheic at completion of chemotherapy and at 12 months post‐chemotherapy, respectively. Of those who developed amenorrhea, 24.6 % regained menstruation, on average after 7.86 (range 1–15) months post‐chemotherapy. Age was the only statistically significant risk factor. CIOF and reversible amenorrhea was 57 and 50 % at <35 years, 95 and 31.6 % at 35–45 years, and 97.9 and 14.9 % at >50 years, respectively. The 33 prospective patients’ estradiol and FSH levels seem to correlate well with onset of amenorrhea, with a falling estradiol and rising FSH trend. Tamoxifen use was associated with elevated estradiol levels 1 year post‐chemotherapy.ConclusionThis study found a high incidence of CIOF, with a relatively low rate of reversible amenorrhea. Premenopausal patients should be counselled prior to treatment and education and support provided.
Oral and cervical HPV infection in HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women attending a sexual health clinic in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Lima Marina D.M. , Braz‐Silva Paulo Henrique , Pereira Sônia M. , Riera Catalina , Coelho Ariane C. , Gallottini Marina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of HPV infections in the oral and cervical mucosa of HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative women attending a sexual health clinic.MethodsOne‐hundred HIV‐positive women and 100 HIV‐negative women were recruited from a sexual health clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. All participants were given an oral and cervical examination. Cytologic samples were evaluated via HPV DNA test.ResultsIn oral samples, HPV DNA was observed in 11 women from the HIV‐positive group and 2 from the HIV‐negative group. High‐risk HPV subtypes were prevalent in both groups and no difference between groups was detected. HPV DNA was detected in cervical scrapings from 41 HIV‐positive women and 45 HIV‐negative women (P = 0.67). No participants showed oral lesions, whereas 15 HIV‐positive and 17 HIV‐negative women presented with macroscopic genital lesions.ConclusionHPV is detected more often in cervical scrapings than in oral samples. However, HPV oral shedding is more frequent in HIV‐positive than in HIV‐negative individuals. Concurrence of infection (high and low risk) was not observed in oral and cervical mucosa.
Outcome of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in terms of persisting endoanal ultrasonographic defects and defecatory symptoms
Authors: Oude Lohuis Eefje J. , Everhardt Ellen 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of persisting endoanal ultrasonographic defects among women with obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS), and the incidence of defecatory symptoms.MethodsIn a prospective study in Enschede, Netherlands, women with OASIS were enrolled between 2007 and 2012. Three months after surgical repair, all women had an endoanal ultrasound, and data were collected on gas and fecal incontinence, soiling, and fecal urgency.ResultsOverall, 99 women were included. At follow‐up, 35 (35.4%) women had a persisting defect of the external anal sphincter on ultrasound, and 5 women (5.1%) also had a persisting defect of the internal anal sphincter. Overall, 35 (35.4%) women had one or more defecatory complaints—predominantly involuntary loss of gas and fecal urgency. Overall, 22 of 35 (63.0%) women with and 13 of 64 (20.3%) women without a persisting defect on ultrasound had defecatory complaints. The number of defecatory symptoms showed a positive correlation with severity of injury. Women with a persisting defect had a threefold higher risk of defecatory complaints as compared with women who had a successful repair (odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval, 2.6–16.6).ConclusionThe results emphasize the importance of adequate repair of OASIS and demonstrate that repair can be difficult or underestimated.
Protective effects of cerebrolysin in a rat model of optic nerve crush
Authors: Huang Tzu‐Lun , Huang Sun‐Ping , Chang Chung‐Hsing , Lin Kung‐Hung , Sheu Min‐Muh , Tsai Rong‐Kung 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTo investigate the effects of cerebrolysin (Cbl) on optic nerves (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in a rat model of ON crush. Rats received intravitreal injection of Cbl (n = 20), intra‐ON injection of Cbl (n = 20), intraperitoneal injection (IPI) of Cbl (n = 20), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS; n = 20) every day for 2 weeks after ON crush injury. At 3 weeks post‐trauma, RGC density was counted by retrograde labeling with FluoroGold and visual function was assessed by flash visual‐evoked potentials. Activities of microglia after insults were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis of the presence of ED1 in the optic nerve. At 3 weeks postcrush, the densities of RGCs in the Cbl‐IVI group (1125 ± 166/mm2) and in the Cbl‐IPI treatment group (1328 ± 119/mm2) were significantly higher than those in the PBS group (641 ± 214/mm2). The flash visual‐evoked potential measurements showed that latency of the P1 wave was significantly shorter in the Cbl‐IVI‐ and Cbl‐IPI‐treated groups (105 ± 4 ms and 118 ± 26 ms, respectively) than in the PBS‐treated group (170 ± 20 ms). However, only Cbl IPI treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the number of ED1‐positive cells at the lesion sites of the ON (5 ± 2 cells/vs. 30 ± 4 cells/high‐power field in control eyes). Treatment with intra‐ON injection of Cbl was harmful to the optic nerve in the crush model. Systemic administration of Cbl had neuroprotective effects on RGC survival and visual function in the optic nerve crush model.
The influence of social networks and homophily on correct voting
Authors: WATTS ALISON 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThere is empirical evidence suggesting that a person's family, friends, or social ties influence who a person votes for. Sokhey & McClurg (2012) find that as political disagreement in a person's social network increases, then a person is less likely to vote correctly. We develop a model where voters have different favorite policies and wish to vote correctly for the candidate whose favorite policy is closest to their own. Voters have beliefs about each candidate's favorite policy which may or may not be correct. Voters update their beliefs about political candidates based on who their conservative and liberal social ties are supporting. We find that if everyone's social network consists only of those most like themselves, then the conditions needed for correct voting to be stable are fairly weak; thus political agreement in one's social network facilitates correct voting. We also give conditions under which correct voting is stable for networks exhibiting homophily and for networks exhibiting random social interactions.
Sampling networks from their posterior predictive distribution
Authors: GOYAL RAVI , BLITZSTEIN JOSEPH , DE GRUTTOLA VICTOR 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRecent research indicates that knowledge about social networks can be leveraged to increase efficiency of interventions (Valente, 2012). However, in many settings, there exists considerable uncertainty regarding the structure of the network. This can render the estimation of potential effects of network-based interventions difficult, as providing appropriate guidance to select interventions often requires a representation of the whole network. In order to make use of the network property estimates to simulate the effect of interventions, it may be beneficial to sample networks from an estimated posterior predictive distribution, which can be specified using a wide range of models. Sampling networks from a posterior predictive distribution of network properties ensures that the uncertainty about network property parameters is adequately captured. The tendency for relationships among network properties to exhibit sharp thresholds has important implications for understanding global network topology in the presence of uncertainty; therefore, it is essential to account for uncertainty. We provide detail needed to sample networks for the specific network properties of degree distribution, mixing frequency, and clustering. Our methods to generate networks are demonstrated using simulated data and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
Teraplectanumn. g. (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) from the banded grunter fish,Terapon therapsCuvier (Perciformes: Terapontidae), off Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lim L.H.S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA new genus of the Monogenea,Teraplectanumn. g., is proposed for two new species of diplectanids found on the gills ofTerapon therapsCuvier collected off Carey Island, Peninsular Malaysia. The genus is based on a unique arrangement of the male reproductive system. In the new species spermatozoa stored in the seminal vesicle and secretions stored in the prostatic reservoir are transferred into, and mixed to form semen within, a special sclerotized auxiliary piece (SAP), and not within the copulatory tube as occurs in the majority of monogeneans.Teraplectanumspecies also possess a unique sclerotized vaginal loop through which the vaginal tube passes en route from the vaginal pore to the seminal receptacle. The two new species areTeraplectanum crassitubusn. sp. (type species) andT. angustitubusn. sp. They differ from each other mainly in the morphology of their copulatory tube: inT. crassitubus,the proximal region of this tube is thicker compared to the slender proximal region inT. angustitubus, although in both cases the tube tapers and twists distally. Of the known diplectanid species, onlyDiplectanum undulicirrosumZhanget al., 2000 (currently consideredincertae sedis) possesses such sclerotized hard parts, which suggests the same type of arrangement of the male reproductive system. Consequently,D. undulicirrosumis re-assigned to this new genus asTeraplectanum undulicirrosum(Zhanget al., 2000) n. comb. The copulatory tube ofT. undulicirrosumis similar to the slender, undulating copulatory tube ofT. angustitubusbut does not taper distally as in the latter species.
Steinernema innovationin. sp. (Panagrolaimomorpha: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode species from South Africa
Authors: Çimen H. , Lee M.-M. , Hatting J. , Hazir S. , Stock S.P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMorphological and molecular sequence data were combined with cross-hybridization studies and used to identify a newSteinernemasp. from Free State, South Africa. Molecular and morphological data indicate that the new species belongs to the ‘glaseri-group’ ofSteinernemaspp. Key morphological diagnostic characters forS. innovationin. sp. include the morphometric features of the third-stage infective juveniles: total body length = 1054 (1000–1103) μm, tail length = 108 (97–117) μm, location of the excretory pore = 88 (82–91) μm, and D% = 58 (54–63), E% = 115 (104–137) and H% = 43 (37–46). Additionally, the morphology of the spicules and gubernaculum of the first-generation males are considered key diagnostic traits.Steinernema innovationin. sp. was also characterized by analysis of both rDNA and mitochondrial gene sequence data, which further indicate the uniqueness of thisSteinernemaspecies.
A critique of Peter Byrne's religious pluralism
Authors: LEHE ROBERT T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn interesting version of religious pluralism has been proposed by Peter Byrne in his Prolegomena to Religious Pluralism. Byrne's pluralism aims to unite an affirmation of the equal cognitive and salvific success of all major religions with a realist view of religious truth and a severe agnosticism about specific descriptions of religious reality. I argue that Byrne's proposal, while an improvement upon non-realist versions of pluralism, fails to resolve the tensions between its agnosticism about detailed descriptions of the sacred reality and its realist conception of religious truth, which requires the revisability of descriptions of the sacred offered by diverse religions.
Split brains: no headache for the soul theorist
Authors: HERSHENOV DAVID B. , TAYLOR ADAM P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSplit brains that result in two simultaneous streams of consciousness cut off from each other are wrongly held to be grounds for doubting the existence of the divinely created soul. The mistake is based on two related errors: first, a failure to appreciate the soul's dependence upon neurological functioning; second, a fallacious belief that if the soul is simple, i.e. without parts, then there must be a unity to its thought, all of its thoughts being potentially accessible to reflection or even unreflective causal interactions. But a soul theorist can allow neurological events to keep some conscious thoughts unavailable to others.
Is it possible to discover ‘the one’ intended meaning of the biblical authors?
Authors: White C. Jason 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA major pursuit of biblical studies, especially since the dawn of the Enlightenment, has been to discover the one, intended, objective meaning of the various biblical texts. Over the last several hundred years, a plethora of methodological paradigms, biblical language and reference tools, historical studies, sociological analyses, comparative linguistic investigations, and anthropological and cultural examinations have all been published through many outlets by a host of people for the purpose of finding THE meaning the biblical authors wished to convey to their respective audiences. Although the results of all these works have positively contributed to our knowledge of scripture in profound ways, the problem is this: none can claim that they have actually discovered this one objective meaning. This is not to say, however, that there are not better understandings of scripture which point more adequately to the originally intended meaning, but simply that the best anyone can do is interpret scripture. The consequence of interpretation, though, is the relativity of meaning. In other words, there are several interpretations of scripture which can validly point to the intended meaning of the biblical authors and texts. One purpose of this article, then, will be to explore why it is not possible to find the one intended meaning of scripture, by defining some key concepts (e.g. tradition and presupposition) in the work of Hans-Georg Gadamer, who is one of the most influential names in the history of philosophical hermeneutics of the twentieth century, as interpreted by Merold Westphal.Some scriptural interpreters, especially evangelicals, are frightened by the idea that biblical meaning is relative because such a pluralistic approach can lead quickly to the demise of biblical infallibility and authority. A second major purpose of this article will be to help ease such fear by offering a biblically grounded theological justification for the interpretative plurality of scripture by looking at the relativity of meaning through the lens of the doctrine of the Trinity. This justification will suggest that the more we rely upon the Holy Spirit and act out our faith in God through Jesus Christ in and outside of the church, the better our interpretation of scripture will become.
Unusual variant of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia: a right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta and a coronary-to-left pulmonary artery collateral
Authors: Yilmaz Betul , Crystal Matthew A. , Anderson Brett R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present the case of a newborn with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary atresia, with a right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta, and a left pulmonary artery arising from the right coronary artery via an indirect aortopulmonary collateral. The embryogenesis of this unusual combination of pulmonary blood supply has significant implications when considering normal migration of the aortopulmonary septum.
On Ibn Juljul and the meaning and importance of the list of medicinal substances not mentioned by Dioscorides
Authors: AMAR ZOHAR , LEV EFRAIM , SERRI YARON 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician and one of the first pharma-botanists is known mainly for his bookDe Materia Medica, a medical codex listing hundreds of medicinal substances. The Arabs admired Dioscorides’ legacy however they were very aware that their own inventory of drugs was much larger than his.The Andalusian physician Ibn Juljul (944 – after 994) became famous on account of several medical treaties which he wrote. He devoted most of his time to identifying the drugs listed in Dioscorides’ monumental work, and thereafter wrote: “An article on the drugs not mentioned in Dioscorides’ book. . .”This article analyzes and discusses the names of those drugs and presents an English translation of this work. The absence of these substances from Dioscorides’ codex, and from other classical sources of the pre-Islamic period (Theophrastus, Pliny, Galen, Paul of Aegina), is a prime reason for ascribing their distribution to the Arabs.Ibn Juljul's list reflects the major change that took place in the inventory of Galeno-Arabic drugs after the Islamic conquests; about one hundred new substances. Some of these substances, such as the myrobalan, soon became among the most common and popular drugs in the practical pharmacology of the Middle Ages. The fact that about half of the substances not mentioned by Dioscorides are of “Indian” origin should be seen against the background of the influence of the Ayurvedic medical culture, to which the Arabs were exposed alongside the Greek.
High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Bonding in a Novel BeP2N4Compound
Authors: Dennenwaldt Teresa , Ciston Jim , Dahmen Ulrich , Ching Wai-Yim , Pucher Florian J. , Schnick Wolfgang , Scheu Christina 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe recently discovered compound BeP2N4that crystallizes in the phenakite-type structure has potential application as a high strength optoelectronic material. Therefore, it is important to analyze experimentally the electronic structure, which was done in the present work by monochromated electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The detection of Be is challenging due to its low atomic number and easy removal under electron bombardment. We were able to determine the bonding behavior and coordination of the individual atomic species including Be. This is evident from a good agreement between experimental electron energy-loss near-edge structures of the Be-K-, P-L2,3-, and N-K-edges and density functional theory calculations.
Radiation dose distribution under the area protected using a Cerrobend block during external beam radiotherapy: a film study
Authors: Mohammadi Mohammad , Taherkhani Amir , Saboori Mohmmadsaeed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn radiation therapy, to spare normal surrounding tissues, either Multileaf Collimators or Cerrobend blocks are used.PurposeThe current study focuses on the relative dose distribution under the areas protected by Cerrobend blocks.Materials and methodsA dual-energy linear accelerator and a Cobalt-60 machine were utilised as radiation sources. Several blocks were designed using commercially available materials to shield radiation fields. The relative dose distribution was then evaluated using extended dose range 2 films.ResultsResults showed that the dose distribution under protected areas depends on several parameters including the width and height of protecting blocks, incident photon beam energy, radiation field size and source to surface distance. An increase in Cerrobend block height from 80 to 95 mm significantly decreases the dose at the protected areas.ConclusionAn increase in the block width and photon energy decreases the relative dose deposition at the protected area. However, electron and neutron contaminations should also be taken into consideration.
A MACHINE-ASSISTED PROOF OF GÖDEL’S INCOMPLETENESS THEOREMS FOR THE THEORY OF HEREDITARILY FINITE SETS
Authors: PAULSON LAWRENCE C. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA formalization of Gödel’s incompleteness theorems using the Isabelle proof assistant is described. This is apparently the first mechanical verification of the second incompleteness theorem. The work closely follows Świerczkowski (2003), who gave a detailed proof using hereditarily finite set theory. The adoption of this theory is generally beneficial, but it poses certain technical issues that do not arise for Peano arithmetic. The formalization itself should be useful to logicians, particularly concerning the second incompleteness theorem, where existing proofs are lacking in detail.
Bacterial epibionts of Daphnia: a potential route for the transfer of dissolved organic carbon in freshwater food webs
Authors: Eckert Ester M , Pernthaler Jakob 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The identification of interacting species and elucidation of their mode of interaction may be crucial to understand ecosystem-level processes. We analysed the activity and identity of bacterial epibionts in cultures of Daphnia galeata and of natural daphnid populations. Epibiotic bacteria incorporated considerable amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as estimated via uptake of tritiated leucine: three times more tracer was consumed by microbes on a single Daphnia than in 1 ml of lake water. However, there was virtually no incorporation if daphnids were anaesthetised, suggesting that their filtration activity was essential for this process. Microbial DOC uptake could predominantly be assigned to microbes that were located on the filter combs of daphnids, where the passage of water would ensure a continuously high DOC supply. Most of these bacteria were Betaproteobacteria from the genus Limnohabitans. Specifically, we identified a monophyletic cluster harbouring Limnohabitans planktonicus that encompassed sequence types from D. galeata cultures, from the gut of Daphnia magna and from daphnids of Lake Zurich. Our results suggest that the epibiotic growth of bacteria related to Limnohabitans on Daphnia spp. may be a widespread and rather common phenomenon. Moreover, most of the observed DOC flux to Daphnia in fact does not seem to be associated with the crustacean biomass itself but with its epibiotic microflora. The unexplored physical association of daphnids with heterotrophic bacteria may have considerable implications for our understanding of carbon transfer in freshwater food webs, that is, a trophic ‘shortcut’ between microbial DOC uptake and predation by fish.