bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Envelope Glycoprotein Binding to the Integrin α
4
β
7
Is Not a General Property of Most HIV-1 Strains
Authors: Perez Lautaro G. , Chen Haiyan , Liao Hua-Xin , Montefiori David C. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT

The HIV-1 surface glycoprotein gp120 has been reported to bind and signal through α
4
β
7
by means of a tripeptide motif in the V2 loop that mimics structures present in the natural ligands for α
4
β
7
, suggesting that α
4
β
7
may facilitate HIV-1 infection of CD4
+
T cells in the gut. Furthermore, immune correlates in the RV144 vaccine efficacy trial generated the hypothesis that V1V2 antibodies to an epitope near the putative α
4
β
7
binding motif may play a role in protection against HIV-1 infection. In the interest of developing an assay to detect antibodies that block gp120 binding to α
4
β
7
, we used retinoic acid (RA)-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and transfected HEK293T (293T) cells expressing the integrin complex to study the α
4
β
7
binding properties of 16 HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. The natural ligand for α
4
β
7
, mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), bound efficiently to RA-activated PBMCs and transfected 293T cells, and this binding was blocked by antibodies to α
4
. gp120 from multiple HIV-1 subtypes bound to RA-activated PBMCs from three donors in a CD4-dependent manner, but little or no α
4
β
7
binding was detected. Similarly, little or no binding to α
4
β
7
on transfected 293T cells was detected with multiple gp120s and gp140s, including gp120s from transmitted/founder strains, or when gp120 was produced in CHO, 293T, and 293S/GnT1
−/−
cells. Finally, we found no evidence that infectious HIV-1 virions produced in either PBMCs or 293T cells could bind α
4
β
7
on transfected 293T cells. Infectious HIV-1 virions and most gp120s/gp140s appear to be poor ligands for the α
4
β
7
integrin complex under the conditions tested here.

IMPORTANCE
Certain HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoproteins have been shown to bind the gut-homing receptor α
4
β
7
, and it has been suggested that this binding facilitates mucosal transmission and virus replication in the gut mucosa. Additional evidence has generated the hypothesis that antibodies that bind near the putative α
4
β
7
binding motif in the V2 loop of gp120, possibly disrupting gp120-α
4
β
7
binding, may be important for HIV-1 vaccines. Our evidence indicates that infectious HIV-1 virions and many gp120s lack detectable α
4
β
7
binding activity, suggesting that this homing receptor may play a limited role in direct HIV-1 infection of cells.
Palaeohydrographic reconstructions from strandplains of beach ridges in the Laurentian Great Lakes
Authors: Johnston John W. , Thompson Todd A. , Wilcox Douglas A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The current temporal and spatial context of water-level change, drivers of change, and possible future scenarios of the Laurentian Great Lakes is controversial. Palaeohydrographs are being constructed from measured subsurface elevations of palaeo-swash zones and modelled ages in strandplains of beach ridges that are preserved in embayments along the lakes’ edge. More than 800 elevations and 200 ages have been collected from 15 strandplains to construct site strandplain palaeohydrographs. Palaeo-beach elevations from whole strandplains or sets of correlative palaeo-beaches within strandplains are then used to establish an outlet palaeohydrograph for each lake. Adjusting strandplain palaeohydrograph elevations to account for glacial isostatic adjustment and refining age models help define the outlet palaeohydrograph. Common basin-wide water-level patterns and changes in outlet location or conveyance can then be interpreted. Systematic patterns of elevation and geomorphic/sedimentologic properties in individual, groups and sets of beach ridges in strandplains suggest that long-term patterns of water-level change and sediment supply occurred on decadal, centennial and millennial scales. Outlet palaeohydrograph construction for Lake Superior revealed discrepancies between geological and historical rates of glacial isostatic adjustment. These differences are currently being investigated using new data from Lake Huron.
SNF5/INI1 Deficiency Redefines Chromatin Remodeling Complex Composition during Tumor Development
Authors: Wei Darmood , Goldfarb Dennis , Song Shujie , Cannon Courtney , Yan Feng , Sakellariou-Thompson Donastas , Emanuele Michael , Major Michael B. , Weissman Bernard E. , Kuwahara Yasumichi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT), a pediatric cancer that most frequently appears in the kidney and brain, generally lack SNF5 (SMARCB1/INI1), a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Recent studies have established that multiple SWI/SNF complexes exist due to the presence or absence of different complex members. Therefore, the effect of SNF5 loss upon SWI/SNF complex formation was investigated in human MRT cells. MRT cells and primary human tumors exhibited reduced levels of many complex proteins. Furthermore, reexpression of SNF5 increased SWI/SNF complex protein levels without concomitant increases in mRNA. Proteomic analysis, using mass spectrometry, of MRT cells before and after SNF5 reexpression indicated the recruitment of different components into the complex along with the expulsion of others. IP–Western blotting confirmed these results and demonstrated similar changes in other MRT cell lines. Finally, reduced expression of SNF5 in normal human fibroblasts led to altered levels of these same complex members. These data establish that SNF5 loss during MRT development alters the repertoire of available SWI/SNF complexes, generally disrupting those associated with cellular differentiation. These findings support a model where SNF5 inactivation blocks the conversion of growth-promoting SWI/SNF complexes to differentiation-inducing ones. Therefore, restoration of these complexes in tumors cells provides an attractive approach for the treatment of MRTs.
Implications: SNF5 loss dramatically alters SWI/SNF complex composition and prevents formation of complexes required for cellular differentiation. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1574–85. ©2014 AACR.
The Antiproliferative Response of Indole-3-Carbinol in Human Melanoma Cells Is Triggered by an Interaction with NEDD4-1 and Disruption of Wild-Type PTEN Degradation
Authors: Aronchik Ida , Kundu Aishwarya , Quirit Jeanne G. , Firestone Gary L. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Human melanoma cells displaying distinct PTEN genotypes were used to assess the cellular role of this important tumor-suppressor protein in the antiproliferative response induced by the chemopreventative agent indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a natural indolecarbinol compound derived from the breakdown of glucobrassicin produced in cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli and Brussels sprouts. I3C induced a G1-phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by stabilization of PTEN in human melanoma cells that express wild-type PTEN, but not in cells with mutant or null PTEN genotypes. Importantly, normal human epidermal melanocytes were unaffected by I3C treatment. In wild-type PTEN-expressing melanoma xenografts, formed in athymic mice, I3C inhibited the in vivo tumor growth rate and increased PTEN protein levels in the residual tumors. Mechanistically, I3C disrupted the ubiquitination of PTEN by NEDD4-1 (NEDD4), which prevented the proteasome-mediated degradation of PTEN without altering its transcript levels. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PTEN prevented the I3C-induced apoptotic response, whereas knockdown of NEDD4-1 mimicked the I3C apoptotic response, stabilized PTEN protein levels, and downregulated phosphorylated AKT-1 levels. Co-knockdown of PTEN and NEDD4-1 revealed that I3C-regulated apoptotic signaling through NEDD4-1 requires the presence of the wild-type PTEN protein. Finally, in silico structural modeling, in combination with isothermal titration calorimetry analysis, demonstrated that I3C directly interacts with purified NEDD4-1 protein.
Implications: This study identifies NEDD4-1 as a new I3C target protein, and that the I3C disruption of NEDD4-1 ubiquitination activity triggers the stabilization of the wild-type PTEN tumor suppressor to induce an antiproliferative response in melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1621–34. ©2014 AACR.
Multifrequency Radar Observations Collected in Southern France during HyMeX-SOP1
Authors: Bousquet O. , Berne A. , Delanoe J. , Dufournet Y. , Gourley J. J. , Van-Baelen J. , Augros C. , Besson L. , Boudevillain B. , Caumont O. , Defer E. , Grazioli J. , Jorgensen D. J. , Kirstetter P.-E. , Ribaud J.-F. , Beck J. , Delrieu G. , Ducrocq V. , Scipion D. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Zwiebel J. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The radar network deployed in southern France during the first special observing period (SOP 1) of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) was designed to precisely document the 3D structure of moist upstream flow impinging on complex terrain as a function of time, height, and along-barrier distance, and surface rainfall patterns associated with orographic precipitation events. This deployment represents one of the most ambitious field experiments yet, endeavoring to collect high-quality observations of thunderstorms and precipitation systems developing over and in the vicinity of a major mountain chain.
Radar observations collected during HyMeX represent a valuable, and potentially unique, dataset that will be used to improve our knowledge of physical processes at play within coastal orographic heavy precipitating systems and to develop, and evaluate, novel radar-based products for research and operational activities. This article provides a concise description of this radar network and discusses innovative research ideas based upon preliminary analyses of radar observations collected during this field project with emphasis on the synergetic use of dual-polarimetric radar measurements collected at multiple frequencies.
The probability of spontaneous regression of lumbar herniated disc: a systematic review
Authors: Chiu Chun-Chieh , Chuang Tai-Yuan , Chang Kwang-Hwa , Wu Chien-Hua , Lin Po-Wei , Hsu Wen-Yen 
Published: July 2014

Objective: To determine the probability of spontaneous disc regression among each type of lumbar herniated disc, using a systematic review. Data sources: Medline, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched using key words for relevant original articles published before March 2014. Articles were limited to those published in English and human studies. Review methods: Articles had to: (1) include patients with lumbar disc herniation treated conservatively; (2) have at least two imaging evaluations of the lumbar spine; and (3) exclude patients with prior lumbar surgery, spinal infections, tumors, spondylolisthesis, or spinal stenosis. Two reviewers independently extracted study details and findings. Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Furthermore, if the classification of herniation matched the recommended classification of the combined Task Forces, the data were used for combined analysis of the probability of disc regression of each type. Nine studies were applicable for probability calculation. Results: The rate of spontaneous regression was found to be 96% for disc sequestration, 70% for disc extrusion, 41% for disc protrusion, and 13% for disc bulging. The rate of complete resolution of disc herniation was 43% for sequestrated discs and 15% for extruded discs. Conclusions: Spontaneous regression of herniated disc tissue can occur, and can completely resolve after conservative treatment. Patients with disc extrusion and sequestration had a significantly higher possibility of having spontaneous regression than did those with bulging or protruding discs. Disc sequestration had a significantly higher rate of complete regression than did disc extrusion.
Clinical correlation of a new and practical magnetic resonance grading system for cervical foraminal stenosis assessment
Authors: Park Hee Jin , Kim Ji Hyun , Lee Joon Woo , Lee So Yeon , Chung Eun Chul , Rho Myung Ho , Moon Jung Won 
Published: July 2014

Background No systematic and quantitative system for evaluation of cervical neural foraminal stenosis (CNFS) has been reported. Purpose To evaluate whether the new magnetic resonance (MR) grading system for CNFS correlates with clinical manifestations and to propose a modified grading system more useful for clinical practice. Material and Methods We examined 356 patients who underwent MR imaging (MRI) of the cervical spine. The presence and grade of cervical foraminal stenosis at the maximal narrowing point were assessed using the new grading system suggested by Kim et al. (Kim system) and a modification of this grading system (modified Kim system) based on T2 axial images. Grade 0: narrowest neural foramen > extraforaminal root; Grade 1: ≤ extraforaminal root; Grade 2: <50% of extraforaminal root. Modified Kim system: Grade 0: >80%, Grade 1: <80% but >50%, Grade 2 as for the Kim system. Results were correlated with clinical manifestations and neurologic physical examination findings (positive neurologic manifestation [PNM]). Results Analysis of correlation coefficients (Rs) showed moderate correlation between grades and clinical manifestations using the Kim system (0.484–0.562) and moderate to high correlation between grades and PNMs using the modified Kim system (0.517–0.782). Conclusion The Kim system showed moderate correlation clinical findings, while the modified Kim system still showed moderate but slightly stronger correlation. In both systems, grade 0 could denote negative neurologic manifestations. Although a considerable number of grade 1 and 2 cases in both systems had PNM, fulfilling the criteria for grades 1 and 2 CNFS, it does not perfectly predict PNM.
Hemodynamic alterations in unilateral chronic middle cerebral artery stenosis patients and the effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting: a perfusion-computed tomography study
Authors: Cheng Xiao Qing , Tian Jian Ming , Zuo Chang Jing , Zhang Long Jiang , Zhou Chang Sheng , Zhao Yan E , Luo Song , Zhang Qi , Lu Guang Ming 
Published: July 2014

Background The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) trial indicated that most patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis are not good candidates for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) because of a higher complication risk than with conservative treatment. However, enrollment of SAMMPRIS patients was based on lesion severity only, without functional imaging. Purpose To determine whether perfusion computed tomography (PCT) can effectively evaluate hemodynamic compromise in unilateral chronic middle cerebral artery stenosis and the alterations of hemodynamics after PTAS. Material and Methods In this prospective study, 89 patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis/occlusion were enrolled and classified into four groups according to the degree of stenosis. Cerebral hemodynamics was evaluated by measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and time to peak (TTP) in the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres by PCT before and after intervention with PTAS. Differences in hemodynamic parameters before and after intervention were analyzed. Results Three different hemodynamic patterns were observed in these patients. Patients with severe MCA stenosis (70–99%) or MCA occlusion demonstrated a significant increase of ipsilateral CBV and TTP, indicating hemodynamic compromise. Ten severe stenosis patients with recurrent ischemic symptoms despite of maximal conservative therapy were selected for PTAS. PTAS induced a rapid recovery of cerebral hemodynamics (especially TTP) at 1 week post intervention. Conclusion PCT appears to be a valuable noninvasive technique to evaluate hemodynamic compromise in unilateral chronic MCA stenosis and the improvements after PTAS.
The Relationship of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Attachment to the Distal Femoral Physis
Authors: Farrow Lutul D. , Alentado Vincent J. , Abdulnabi Zakaria , Gilmore Allison , Liu Raymond W. 
Published: July 2014

Background: No published study has ever described the relationship of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) attachment to the distal femoral physis in skeletally immature cadaveric specimens. As such, there continues to be much confusion about this relationship, which is important when considering MPFL reconstruction in the skeletally immature patient. Hypothesis: The MPFL footprint is distal to the medial border of the distal femoral physis. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen skeletally immature cadaveric specimens were used for this study. The average age of the specimens was 12 years (range, 10-15 years). The MPFL femoral attachment, adductor tubercle, and medial epicondyle were identified in all specimens, and the topography of the distal femoral physis was carefully described. Measurements were then taken of the distance from the medial aspect of the distal femoral physis to the MPFL femoral attachment and the horizontal distance from the MPFL femoral attachment to the point where a femoral tunnel would intersect the undulating femoral physis. All measurements were made with digital calipers. Results: The MPFL attachment was distal to the medial aspect of the femoral physis in all specimens. The MPFL attachment was an average of 8.5 mm distal to the medial aspect of the distal femoral physis. In the coronal plane, the undulating physis was 10.5 mm medial to the MPFL attachment. In all specimens, the undulations of the medial physis were concave directly posterior and lateral to the MPFL attachment and convex anterior to the MPFL attachment. Both the adductor tubercle and the medial epicondyle were also distal to the femoral physis in all specimens. Conclusion: This study has confirmed the findings of others, who have shown that the MPFL femoral attachment lies distal to the medial aspect of the distal femoral physis. In addition, the study findings show that the MPFL femoral attachment is in very close proximity to the distal femoral physis. Clinical Relevance: To facilitate anatomic MPFL reconstruction, Schottle et al described a radiographic method to identify the MPFL femoral attachment on lateral radiographs in skeletally mature patients. Because of the complex physeal anatomy, much confusion exists concerning whether an MPFL femoral tunnel can be placed safely in the pediatric patient. The findings of this study suggest that anatomic MPFL reconstruction may be accomplished with a tunnel angled distally and anteriorly to avoid injury to the distal femoral physis.
Incidence of Tardive Dyskinesia in Older Adult Patients Treated With Olanzapine or Conventional Antipsychotics
Authors: Kinon Bruce J. , Kollack-Walker Sara , Jeste Dilip , Gupta Sanjay , Chen Lei , Case Mike , Chen Jian , Stauffer Virginia 
Published: July 2014

Background: The risk of persistent tardive dyskinesia (TD) was compared in patients with acute psychosis or agitation aged 55 years or older who were treated with olanzapine (OLZ) or conventional antipsychotic (CNV) drug therapy. Methods: Patients without TD were randomized to treatment with OLZ (2.5-20 mg/d; n = 150) or CNV (dosed per label; n = 143). Following a 6-week drug tapering/initiation period, patients without TD were treated with OLZ or CNV for up to 1 year. The a priori defined primary outcome end point was persistent TD defined as Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) scores = 2 on at least 2 items or ≥3 on at least 1 item (items 1-7) lasting at least for 1 month (Criterion A). Post hoc analyses assessed persistent TD meeting the criterion of moderate severity defined as AIMS score ≥3 on at least 1 item persisting for 1 month (Criterion B) and probable TD defined as elevated AIMS scores (Criterion A or B) not persisting for 1 month. Treatment groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier curve with log-rank exact test. Results: On average, patients were 78 years of age; the predominant diagnosis was dementia (76.7% in the OLZ group and 82.5% in the CNV group). Approximately, 40.6% of patients in the CNV group received haloperidol. No significant difference in time to developing persistent TD was observed during treatment with OLZ or CNV (cumulative incidence: OLZ, 2.5% [95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.5-7.0]; CNV, 5.5% [95% CI: 2.1-11.6], P = .193). The exposure-adjusted event rates per 100 person-years were not significantly different between treatment groups: OLZ (2.7) and CNV (6.3; ratio: 0.420; 95% CI: 0.068-1.969). Post hoc analyses revealed a significantly lower risk of at least moderately severe persistent TD persisting for 1 month ( P = .012) and probable TD not persisting for 1 month (Criterion A, P = .030; Criterion B, P = .048) in OLZ-treated patients. For those patients without significant extrapyramidal symptoms at baseline, significantly more patients in the CNV treatment group developed treatment-emergent parkinsonism than for patients in the OLZ treatment group (CNV: 70%, 35 of 50 patients; OLZ 44%, 25 of 57 patients; P = .011). No significant difference between the groups was observed for treatment-emergent akathisia (CNV: 6%, 7 of 117 patients; OLZ: 10%, 13 of 130 patients; P = .351). Conclusion: The cumulative incidence of persistent TD was low and the risk of persistent TD did not differ significantly among predominantly older adult patients having dementia with acute psychosis or agitation treated with OLZ or CNV.
Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics associated with biofilm formation in clinical isolates of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (aEPEC) strains
Authors: Nascimento Heloisa H , Silva Lucas EP , Souza Renata T , Silva Neusa P , Scaletsky Isabel CA 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Biofilm formation by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) have been recently described in the prototype typical EPEC E2348/69 strain and in an atypical EPEC O55:H7 strain. In this study, we sought to evaluate biofilm formation in a collection of 126 atypical EPEC strains isolated from 92 diarrheic and 34 nondiarrheic children, belonging to different serotypes. The association of biofilm formation and adhesin-related genes were also investigated.

Results
Biofilm formation occurred in 37 (29%) strains of different serotypes, when the assays were performed at 26°C and 37°C for 24 h. Among these, four strains (A79, A87, A88, and A111) formed a stronger biofilm than did the others. The frequency of biofilm producers was higher among isolates from patients compared with isolates from controls (34.8% vs 14.7%; P = 0.029). An association was found between biofilm formation and expression of type 1 fimbriae and curli (P < 0.05). Unlike the previously described aEPEC O55:H7, one aEPEC O119:HND strain (A111) formed a strong biofilm and pellicle at the air-liquid interface, but did not express curli. Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify biofilm-deficient mutants. Transposon insertion sequences of six mutants revealed similarity with type 1 fimbriae (fimC, fimD, and fimH), diguanylate cyclase, ATP synthase F1, beta subunit (atpD), and the uncharacterized YjiC protein. All these mutants were deficient in biofilm formation ability.

Conclusion
This study showed that the ability to adhere to abiotic surfaces and form biofilm is present in an array of aEPEC strains. Moreover, it seems that the ability to form biofilms is associated with the presence of type 1 fimbriae and diguanylate cyclase. Characterization of additional biofilm formation mutants may reveal other mechanisms involved in biofilm formation and bring new insights into aEPEC adhesion and pathogenesis.