bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Just how wide should ‘wide reading’ be?
Authors: Lipscomb Martin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEducationalists introduce students to literature search strategies that, with rare exceptions, focus chiefly on the location of primary research reports and systematic reviews of those reports. These sources are, however, unlikely to adequately address the normative and/or metaphysical questions that nurses frequently and legitimately interest themselves in. To meet these interests, non‐research texts exploring normative and/or metaphysical topics might and perhaps should, in some situations, be deemed suitable search targets. This seems plausible and, moreover, students are encouraged to ‘read widely’. Yet accepting this proposition creates significant difficulties. Specifically, if non‐research scholarly sources and artistic or literary (humanities) products dealing with normative/metaphysical issues were included in what are, at present, scientifically orientated searches, it is difficult to draw boundaries around what – if anything – is to be excluded. Engaging with this issue highlights problems with qualitative scholarship's designation as ‘evidence’. Thus, absurdly, if qualitative scholarship's findings are labelled evidence because they generate practice‐relevant understanding/insight, then any literary or artistic artefact (e.g. a throwaway lifestyle magazine) that generates kindred understandings/insights is presumably also evidence? This conclusion is rejected and it is instead proposed that while artistic, literary, and qualitative inquiries can provide practitioners with powerful and stimulating non‐evidential understanding, these sources are not evidence as commonly conceived.
Malignant hyperthermia in the early days of pediatric anesthesia: an interview with anesthesiology pioneer, Dr. John F. Ryan
Authors: King Michael R. , Firth Paul G. , Yaster Myron , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Mai Christine L. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryDr. John F. Ryan (1935 ‐ ), Associate Professor of Anaesthesia at the Harvard Medical School, influenced the careers of hundreds of residents and fellows‐in‐training while instilling in them his core values of resilience, hard work, and integrity. His authoritative textbook, A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children, remains as influential today as it did when first published decades ago. Although he had had many accomplishments, he identified his experiences caring for patients with malignant hyperthermia and characterizing the early discovery of this condition as his defining contribution to medicine. Based on a series of interviews with Dr. Ryan, this article reviews a remarkable career that coincides with the dawn of modern pediatric anesthetic practice.
High‐yield production of a human monoclonal IgG by rhizosecretion in hydroponic tobacco cultures
Authors: Madeira Luisa M. , Szeto Tim H. , Henquet Maurice , Raven Nicole , Runions John , Huddleston Jon , Garrard Ian , Drake Pascal M.W. , Ma Julian K‐C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryRhizosecretion of recombinant pharmaceuticals from in vitro hydroponic transgenic plant cultures is a simple, low cost, reproducible and controllable production method. Here, we demonstrate the application and adaptation of this manufacturing platform to a human antivitronectin IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) called M12. The rationale for specific growth medium additives was established by phenotypic analysis of root structure and by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS profiling of the total protein content profile of the hydroponic medium. Through a combination of optimization approaches, mAb yields in hydroponic medium reached 46 μg/mL in 1 week, the highest figure reported for a recombinant mAb in a plant secretion‐based system to date. The rhizosecretome was determined to contain 104 proteins, with the mAb heavy and light chains the most abundant. This enabled evaluation of a simple, scalable extraction and purification protocol and demonstration that only minimal processing was necessary prior to protein A affinity chromatography. MALDI‐TOF MS revealed that purified mAb contained predominantly complex‐type plant N‐glycans, in three major glycoforms. The binding of M12 purified from hydroponic medium to vitronectin was comparable to its Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)‐derived counterpart. This study demonstrates that in vitro hydroponic cultivation coupled with recombinant protein rhizosecretion can be a practical, low‐cost production platform for monoclonal antibodies.
Successful living‐related renal transplantation in a patient with factor H antibody‐associated atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Hofer Johannes , Giner Thomas , Cortina Gerard , Jungraithmayr Therese , Masalskiene Jurate , Dobiliene Diana , Mitkiene Renata , Pundziene Birute , Rudaitis Sarunas 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCFH‐Ab‐associated aHUS requires different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and then the genetically defined aHUS forms. The risk of post‐transplant recurrence with graft dysfunction in CFH‐Ab aHUS is not well documented. It is suggested that recurrence can be expected if a significant CFH‐Ab load persists at the time of transplantation. A pretransplant procedure to reduce CFH‐Ab titer seems reasonable, but accurate recommendations are lacking. Whether further prophylactic interventions after transplantation are necessary has to be decided on an individual basis. We report the case of a late diagnosed CFH‐Ab HUS with initial ESRD and a successful living‐related renal transplantation over a post‐transplant period of four and a half years on the basis of a prophylactic pretransplant IVIG admission.
Philosophy in Eastern Han Dynasty China (25–220 CE)
Authors: McLeod Alexus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe philosophy of the Han Dynasty, especially that of the Eastern Han (25–220 CE), is an unjustly neglected area of scholarship on early Chinese thought. In this article, I introduce the thought of a number of important Eastern Han philosophers, with particular attention to Wang Chong, Wang Fu, Xu Gan, and Wang Su. I also explain the major features of Eastern Han thought as distinct from that of the Warring States and Western Han periods, and consider their origins in reaction to Western Han ideas and their further development in the Wei‐Jin period.
Confucianism and American Pragmatism
Authors: Foust Mathew A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOne area of the East–West comparative philosophy that has received a good deal of attention in recent years is the relationship between Confucianism and American Pragmatism. Scholars engaging these traditions have argued that they are mutually elucidating and mutually reinforcing. Often, upon locating resonance(s) between a Confucian philosopher and an American Pragmatist philosopher, scholars combine the conceptual resources of the two, developing a Confucian–Pragmatist hybrid concept or theory. Some critics have been skeptical of the alleged compatibility between Confucian and American Pragmatism, holding that proper understanding of Confucian and American Pragmatist traditions reveals an unbridgeable incommensurability between the two. This article describes the state of the comparative scholarship on Confucianism and American Pragmatism, identifying thematic trends and areas of debate. In addition, some lines of scholarship that might augment this area of comparative philosophy are suggested.
Development of a tomato plant resistant to Clavibacter michiganensis using the endolysin gene of bacteriophage CMP1 as a transgene
Authors: Wittmann J. , Brancato C. , Berendzen K. W. , Dreiseikelmann B. 
Published: June 2015

The bacteriophage CMP1 endolysin gene (lys), encoding, a peptidase that was shown to effectively reduce Clavibacter michiganensis by specifically hydrolysing its murein, was transferred into tomato plants by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. The presence of the gene was verified by PCR and the gene product was confirmed in immunoblots and stably expressed over three generations. Transgenic tomato plants did not show disease symptoms after infection with C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, despite the fact that small amounts of bacteria could still be identified in xylem sap and leaf extracts, although in significantly reduced amounts.
What does cognitive control feel like? Effective and ineffective cognitive control is associated with divergent phenomenology
Authors: Saunders Blair , Milyavskaya Marina , Inzlicht Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCognitive control is accompanied by observable negative affect. But how is this negative affect experienced subjectively, and are these feelings related to variation in cognitive control? To address these questions, 42 participants performed a punished inhibitory control task while periodically reporting their subjective experience. We found that within‐subject variation in subjective experience predicted control implementation, but not neural monitoring (i.e., the error‐related negativity, ERN). Specifically, anxiety and frustration predicted increased and decreased response caution, respectively, while hopelessness accompanied reduced inhibitory control, and subjective effort coincided with the increased ability to inhibit prepotent responses. Clarifying the nature of these phenomenological results, the effects of frustration, effort, and hopelessness—but not anxiety—were statistically independent from the punishment manipulation. Conversely, while the ERN was increased by punishment, the lack of association between this component and phenomenology suggests that early monitoring signals might precede the development of control‐related subjective experience. Our results indicate that the types of feelings experienced during cognitively demanding tasks are related to different aspects of controlled performance, critically suggesting that the relationship between emotion and cognitive control extends beyond the dimension of valence.
TheŚrāddha: The Development of Ancestor Worship in Classical Hinduism
Authors: Sayers Matthew R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe association of Hinduism with reincarnation is well‐known, but this connection obscures a long tradition of ancestor worship. The ritual texts of the Vedic and later Hindu traditions describe in detail the procedure for several forms of ancestral rite. This paper outlines the development of the theological discourse on ancestor worship from its earliest expression to the formation of Classical Hinduism early in the Common Era and highlights the underlying theological, social, and practical concerns that shaped that discourse. The development that culminated in the theological construction of an enduring model of ancestor veneration, theśrāddha, revolves around two central tensions, between the solemn and domestic ritual traditions and between the ritual and renunciation traditions. The resolution of the first tension produces theśrāddha. The reactions to the second tension in the ritual literature shape theśrāddha, bringing it to its classical form, and generate the complex soteriology of later Hinduism.
Rapamycin inhibition of eosinophil differentiation attenuates allergic airway inflammation in mice
Authors: Hua Wen , Liu Hui , Xia Li‐Xia , Tian Bao‐Ping , Huang Hua‐Qiong , Chen Zhi‐Yang , Ju Zhen‐Yu , Li Wen , Chen Zhi‐Hua , Shen Hua‐Hao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThe mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway regulates immune responses, and promotes cell growth and differentiation. Inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin modulates allergic asthma, while the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that rapamycin, effectively inhibits eosinophil differentiation, contributing to its overall protective role in allergic airway inflammation.MethodsRapamycin was administered in a mouse model of ovalbumin‐induced allergic airway inflammation, and the eosinophil differentiation was analysed in vivo and in vitro.ResultsRapamycin significantly attenuated allergic airway inflammation and markedly decreased the amount of eosinophils in local airways, peripheral blood and bone marrow, independently of levels of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5). In vitro colony forming unit assay and liquid culture demonstrated that rapamycin directly inhibited IL‐5‐induced eosinophil differentiation. In addition, rapamycin reduced the production of IL‐6 and IL‐13 by eosinophils. Rapamycin was also capable of reducing the eosinophil levels in IL‐5 transgenic NJ.1638 mice, again regardless of the constitutive high levels of IL‐5. Interestingly, rapamycin inhibition of eosinophil differentiation in turn resulted in an accumulation of eosinophil lineage‐committed progenitors in bone marrow.ConclusionsAltogether these results clearly demonstrate a direct inhibitory role of rapamycin in eosinophil differentiation and function, and reemphasize the importance of rapamycin and possibly, mTOR, in allergic airway disease.
Increases in peripheral SIRT1: A new biological characteristic of asthma
Authors: Wang Yajun , Li Dongming , Ma Guoda , Li Wen , Wu Jun , Lai Tianwen , Huang Dan , Zhao Xuanna , Lv Quanchao , Chen Min , Wu Bin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveSilent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a class III histone deacetylase that exerts both anti‐inflammatory and anti‐aging effects. However, no data are available regarding SIRT1 expression in patients with asthma. Here, we studied SIRT1 levels in the serum of patients with asthma and analysed the distribution of SIRT1 in both the serum and the lungs in an asthmatic mouse model to determine its clinical significance.MethodsSerum SIRT1 levels, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and peripheral blood eosinophil percentages as well as pulmonary function were quantified in 97 patients with asthma and 118 healthy volunteers. BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged using ovalbumin (OVA) to produce the asthmatic model, and SIRT1 levels in both the serum and the lung tissues were subsequently measured.ResultsThe serum SIRT1 levels were significantly elevated in the patients with asthma compared with the controls. Serum SIRT1 levels positively correlated with total IgE levels and negatively correlated with pulmonary function. In the OVA‐sensitized and challenged mice, an increased serum SIRT1 level was confirmed, whereas decreased SIRT1 expression was observed in the lung tissues.ConclusionsThese data indicate that lung SIRT1 expression decreased while serum SIRT1 increased in the setting of asthma. Serum SIRT1 levels correlate positively with both IgE levels and negatively with pulmonary function, suggesting that increased peripheral SIRT1 levels represent a new biological characteristic of asthma. Increased serum SIRT1 may be an auxiliary index for the diagnosis of asthma and elevating lung SIRT1 levels may be a new strategy for asthma therapy.
Palaeoceanographic controls on spatial redox distribution over the Yangtze Platform during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition
Authors: Och Lawrence M. , Cremonese Lorenzo , Shields‐Zhou Graham A. , Poulton Simon W. , Struck Ulrich , Ling Hongfei , Li Da , Chen Xi , Manning Christina , Thirlwall Matthew , Strauss Harald , Zhu Maoyan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Ediacaran–Cambrian interval was an eventful transitional period, when dynamic interactions between the biosphere and its physical environment allowed the Earth System to cross into a new state, characterized by the presence of metazoans, more equable climates and more expansive oxygenation of the oceans. Due to the retreat of widespread sulphidic conditions, redox‐sensitive trace‐metals could accumulate to a greater extent in ‘black shales’ deposited in localized anoxic/euxinic environments, such as highly productive ocean margins. This study investigates the concentrations of the redox‐sensitive trace‐metals molybdenum and vanadium in organic‐rich sedimentary rocks from seven sections of the Yangtze Platform, slope and basin. Iron speciation analyses were carried out in order to distinguish oxic, anoxic‐ferruginous and anoxic‐sulphidic settings, while sulphur and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured to gain insight into sulphate and nitrate availability, respectively, in the context of changing redox conditions. The data herein demonstrate an overall increase in redox‐sensitive trace‐metal contents in black shales across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition, but with marked temporal and spatial variability. Euxinia is evident in South China before 551 Ma in the Ediacaran, and again in the early Cambrian. However, some time‐equivalent sections are not enriched in redox‐sensitive trace‐metals, and also exhibit contrasting S‐isotope and N‐isotope systematics. A more complex configuration of the Yangtze Platform, for example with vast intra‐shelf basins, together with changing (generally rising) eustatic sea‐level may account for this variability. In this regard, it is proposed that a mid‐depth sulphidic wedge, caused by nutrient upwelling over the south‐east platform margins, migrated over time (but generally landward), leading to spatially variable redox conditions determined by sea‐level, currents and bathymetric constraints. The changing extents of anoxia and euxinia appear to have limited the distribution of emerging Ediacaran and Cambrian ecosystems.
Trait Extraversion and Dopamine Function
Authors: Wacker Jan , Smillie Luke D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAn influential theory within personality neuroscience suggests that trait extraversion is underpinned by individual differences in dopamine function. In a review of the relevant literature, we evaluate this theory in light of the evidence from molecular genetics, neuroimaging, and psychopharmacology. Evidence linking individual differences in extraversion with dopamine‐relevant genes, structural volume of dopamine‐rich brain regions (e.g., in striatal and ventral prefrontal areas), dopamine receptor availability, and frontal alpha asymmetry is mixed at best. Evidence concerning both scalp recorded (electroencephalogram) and hemodynamic (functional magnetic resonance imaging) neural responses to rewards appears somewhat more promising. Perhaps the best evidence concerns extraversion‐dependent responses – both neural and behavioural – to dopaminergic drugs. Future research in this area must go beyond the demonstration of theoretically consistent associations and attempt to provide more specific causal evidence for the dopamine hypothesis of extraversion. A further challenge is to expand this hypothesis to incorporate other neurobiological processes that are likely to underlie this trait.
The Evolution and Social Dynamics of Compassion
Authors: Gilbert Paul 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe inner processes that make compassion possible arose from the evolutionary advantage of caring for others, especially offspring, kin and in‐group allies. This paper explores issues in defining compassion and its link to similar concepts such as altruism. It also explores compassion as a social motive and social mentality that choreographs social interactions and how the successful enactment of compassion is dependent on certain competencies such as sympathy, empathy, perspective taking, and distress tolerance (among others), as well as social contexts. As a motivational system, compassion has to compete with other socially choreographed motives, such as tribalism and individualistic competitiveness – much darker sides of the human psyche that have been harmful in human history. One of the challenges for compassion is to explore not only how it can promote personal well‐being but also how it can counteract the destructive sides of our other motives and social mentalities.
Young adult gender differences in forearm skin‐to‐fat tissue dielectric constant values measured at 300 MHz
Authors: Mayrovitz H. N. , Grammenos A. , Corbitt K. , Bartos S. 
Published: June 2015

Background/PurposeSkin‐to‐fat tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values depend on measurement depth and gender. Our goal was to assess male–female differences in TDC values associated with differing skin depths.MethodsBilateral forearm TDC measurements were made on young adult male and females with mean ages from 24.7 to 27.3 years. There were four measurement groups distinguished by the TDC measurement depth and include the following numbers of subjects for each gender; 30, 150, 60, and 50 for probe‐measurement depths of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mm. Data were subsequently compared with values calculated with a simple two‐layer model.ResultsFor females and males, there was a significant difference in TDC values among depths (P < 0.001) with TDC values decreasing with increasing depth. Gender comparisons showed that TDC values of males were significantly (P < 0.001) greater than values for females at each depth. Male–female percentage differences ranged from 14.8% to 22.0%. Model calculations suggest that gender differences might be explained by skin thickness differences.ConclusionFindings indicate that decisions with regard to skin water content among or between groups based on TDC measurements need to account for gender and are best made when corresponding skin thickness measurements are available. However, changes in TDC values assessed in individual patients and comparisons between corresponding skin areas in affected and non‐affected sites are not limited. Thus, assessments of acute treatment effects and assessments of inter‐arm or inter‐leg TDC differences or ratios within genders are a useful and suitable method to characterize edema and lymphedema features.
Age‐related differences in tissue dielectric constant values of female forearm skin measured noninvasively at 300 MHz
Authors: Mayrovitz H. N. , Singh A. , Akolkar S. 
Published: June 2015

Background/PurposeWe hypothesized that reported age‐related shifts in skin water from less‐to‐more mobile states would result in increased skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values as TDC values depend strongly on water content and state. One aim was to test this hypothesis. Further, as skin‐to‐fat TDC values are used as a tool for edema and lymphedema assessment, a second aim was to establish reference values suitable for young and older women.MethodsTDC was measured bilaterally on volar forearm skin in young (20–40 years) and older (≥60 years) women. There were four groups with 50, 50, 100, and 50 subjects per age group measured to depths of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0 mm, respectively.ResultsFor each age group, TDC values decreased with increasing depth (P < 0.001). TDC values at 0.5 and 1.5 mm were greater for older women (P < 0.001). At 2.5 mm, there was no age‐group difference (P = 0.108). At 5.0 mm the direction of the difference reversed with older TDC values less than the younger (P < 0.001).ConclusionResults are consistent with age‐related shifts in water state from less‐to‐more mobile and explain depth‐dependence differences between age groups. Data also give age‐related TDC reference values for assessing local edematous or lymphedematous states.