bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The automatic experimental design for modeling the reaction mechanisms of chemical vapor deposition processes
Authors: Takahashi Takahiro , Ema Yoshinori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe identification of an appropriate reaction model (reaction mechanism) that indicates the reaction paths from source gases to films is one of the most important facets for developing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes. Previously, we developed a system that automatically identifies the kinetic models of reaction mechanisms involved in experimental results by the CVD processes using genetic algorithms (GAs). However, in order to automate the entire process of CVD development, it is necessary to automate the other processes associated with the reaction‐modeling process. Therefore, in this study, we proposed the method to automate the experimental design to determine more appropriate the reaction models. In addition, we developed the automatic system to design the experiments for the models. We demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the method using a simplified and synthetic CVD process. The system automatically and appropriately designed the experiments from the information of the reaction model candidates without using the knowledge of reaction engineering directly. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A calculation method of deposition profiles in chemical vapor deposition reactors using bio‐inspired algorithms
Authors: Takahashi Takahiro , Inagaki Taeka , Nariai Shingo , Kodama Junichi , Arakawa Masamoto , Ema Yoshinori 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEstimating the predicted results of experimental data by a simulator is one of the most important processes in deciding the performance of the automatic modeling system of reaction mechanisms in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Therefore, we developed a novel calculation method, in which robust and accurate calculations along with reduced computing cost were achieved, to reproduce deposition profiles in the specific types of reactors. In order to improve the performance of the calculation method, we developed the method by use of the novel optimization algorithms, which are biologically inspired. We adopted real‐coded genetic algorithms (GAs) and artificial bee colony (ABC) as the bio‐inspired algorithms (BIAs). Boundary value problems for estimating diffusion‐reaction equations by iterations of numerical integrations were changed into problems of finding the linear combinations consisted of a few “basis functions”, which are ideally inherent in the reactors. The coefficients of the linear combinations were optimized by the BIAs. We demonstrate the improved performance of the simulator by the BIAs using the batch‐type reactor with round‐shaped substrates. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanische Hochtemperatureigenschaften von Stahlzuggliedern aus kaltverformtem Blankstahl der Festigkeitsklasse S355
Authors: Häßler Dustin , Hothan Sascha 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIm Bauwesen werden für Zugglieder häufig Kreisvollprofile mit relativ kleinen Durchmessern eingesetzt. Diese Bauteile bestehen in der Regel aus gezogenem, kaltverformtem Blankstahl. Aufgrund des Herstellungsverfahrens kommt es zu einer Veränderung der Materialeigenschaften des Stahls. Für Blankstahl sind in der Norm [1] keine temperaturabhängigen Materialkennwerte angegeben. An der BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung wurden im Rahmen eines Forschungsvorhabens [2] die mechanischen Hochtemperatureigenschaften von Stahlzuggliedern aus kaltverformtem Blankstahl der Festigkeitsklasse S355 untersucht. Als Ausgangsmaterial wurde ein Kreisvollprofil mit einem Durchmesser von 20 mm verwendet. Für den Blankstahl wurden die chemische Zusammensetzung, der Elastizitätsmodul, die Spannungs‐Dehnungs‐Kennlinien sowie der Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient bestimmt. Ziel der Untersuchungen war es herauszufinden, welche materialspezifischen Besonderheiten kaltverformter Blankstahl unter Brandeinwirkung gegenüber anderen Stählen besitzt und inwieweit sich die in der Norm [1] für warmgewalzten Baustahl angegebenen Werte auf Blankstahl übertragen lassen. Die Ergebnisse der Materialuntersuchungen werden zudem für die numerische Nachrechnung von Brandversuchen an Stahlzuggliedern mit reaktiver Brandschutzbeschichtung verwendet.Mechanical properties of cold drawn steel S355 at elevated temperatures used for tension rods. In construction, circular solid steel rods with relatively small diameter are often used for tensile elements. These elements are usually made of cold drawn steel. As a result of the manufacturing process, the material properties of the steel are changed. In the standard [1], no information regarding the temperature‐dependant material properties of cold drawn steel are given. At BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, a research project [2] was conducted to investigate the mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of tension elements made of cold drawn steel type S355. In the experiments, the tensile specimens were produced from a circular solid profile with a diameter of 20 mm. Within the research project, the chemical composition, the modulus of elasticity, the stress‐strain‐relationships and the thermal expansion coefficient were determined. The aim of this investigation was to identify the specific material characteristics of cold drawn steel under fire exposure. Furthermore, a comparison between cold drawn steel and the commonly used in construction hot‐rolled steel was done, in order to clarify whether the material properties of hot rolled steel that are given in the standard [1] can be also used for cold drawn steel. The results of the material tests are used as input values for a numerical simulation of fire tests on tension elements with reactive fire protection systems.
Frei Otto – leichte Dächer für eine moderne Welt
Authors: Möller Eberhard 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMit seinen Vorschlägen und Bauten hat Frei Otto der Welt ein Universum an Ideen geschenkt, das seines gleichen sucht. Er ist der große Pionier des Leichtbaus im 20. Jahrhundert. Aufgrund seiner außergewöhnlichen Leistungen in Natur‐ und Grundlagenforschung, in Wissenschaft und Lehre, in Architektur und konstruktivem Ingenieurbau, in Kultur und Technik steht er in einer Reihe mit Persönlichkeiten wie Félix Candela, Pier Luigi Nervi, Antoni Gaudí oder Gustave Eiffel. Am 15. Mai 2015 wird ihm nun posthum in Miami Beach, USA, der Pritzker‐Architektur‐Preis verliehen, häufig als Nobel‐Preis der Architektur bezeichnet.Frei Otto – Lightweight roofs for a modern world. With his suggestions and buildings Frei Otto presented the world a universe of ideas that has no equal. He is the great pioneer of lightweight structures in the 20th century. Due to its remarkable achievements in natural and fundamental research, in science and education, in architecture and structural engineering, in culture and technology, he joins the ranks of such internationally‐renowned public characters as Félix Candela, Pier Luigi Nervi, Antoni Gaudí and Gustave Eiffel. On May 15th 2015 he posthumously is awarded the Pritzker Architecture Prize in Miami Beach, USA, often referred to as Nobel Prize of Architecture.
Bauwesen an der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum im Jubiläumsjahr – ein Rückblick
Authors: Mark Peter 
Published: May 2015

AbstractEine junge Universität wird 50 – die Ruhr‐Universität in Bochum. Grund genug auch auf die dortige Fakultät für Bau‐ und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften zurückzuschauen, die sich 1973 – wenige Jahre nach der Universitätsgründung – aus ihrer “Keimzelle“, dem Institut für Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau, bildete. Der Beitrag stellt besondere Aspekte der bewegten und erfolgreichen Historie vor mit ihren prägenden Persönlichkeiten hin zur heutigen Fakultätsstruktur und Forschungsausrichtung.Civil Engineering at the Ruhr‐Universität Bochum in the year of anniversary – a review. A young university celebrates its 50th anniversary – the Ruhr‐Universität in Bochum. Reason enough to review the history of the Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, a university’s offspring in 1973 from the Department of Structural Engineering. Insight into its eventful and successful history is provided presenting its significant personalities as well as the nowadays constitution and main fields of research.
Storytelling for Fluency and Flair
Authors: Campbell Terry , Hlusek Michelle 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the classroom experiences described in this article, grade three students were introduced to storytelling through the interactive read aloud of a mentor text and a storytelling demonstration, followed by daily collaborative activities involving listening, speaking, reading, and writing, culminating in dramatic storytelling performances. The article details a sample instructional sequence used for one week during the daily literacy block, explores how reading and speaking fluency improved, and how deeper story comprehension developed through the processes of talking about the stories, and rehearsing and telling stories for performance. In addition, the collaborative approach to preparing and presenting stories provided a context for strong peer support – socially, emotionally, and academically.
Does Schooling Affect Women’s Desired Fertility? Evidence From Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia
Authors: Behrman Julia Andrea 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDemographic scholarship suggests that schooling plays an important role in transforming fertility preferences in the early stages of fertility decline. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between schooling and fertility preferences that addresses the endogeneity of schooling. I use the implementation of Universal Primary Education (UPE) policies in Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia in the mid-1990s to conduct a fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis of the effect of schooling on women’s desired fertility. Findings indicate that increased schooling reduced women’s ideal family size and very high desired fertility across all three countries. Additional analyses of potential pathways through which schooling could have affected desired fertility suggest some pathways—such as increasing partner’s education—were common across contexts, whereas other pathways were country-specific. This analysis contributes to demographic understandings of the factors influencing individual-level fertility behaviors and thus aggregate-level fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa.
Hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes modulate effects of anticholinergic treatment on delayed recall in healthy older adults
Authors: Teipel Stefan J. , Bruno Davide , Grothe Michel J. , Nierenberg Jay , Pomara Nunzio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroductionVolumes of hippocampus and cholinergic basal forebrain are associated with delayed recall performance and may modulate the effect of a muscarinic receptor antagonist on delayed recall in healthy volunteers.MethodsWe studied 15 older adults before and after the oral administration of a single dose of 1 or 2 mg of the preferential M1 muscarinic receptor antagonist trihexyphenidyl (Artane™) or placebo in a double‐blind randomized cross‐over design. Hippocampus and basal forebrain volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsWe found a significant interaction between treatment and hippocampus volume and a trend level effect between treatment and anterior basal forebrain volume on task performance, with an attenuation of the association between volume size and performance with trihexyphenidyl.DiscussionThese findings suggest a reduction of delayed recall performance with increasing doses of the muscarinic antagonist that is related to an uncoupling of the association of task performance with cholinergic basal forebrain and hippocampus volumes.
The conundrum of profitability versus soundness for banks by ownership type: Evidence from the Indian banking sector
Authors: Banerjee Sreejata , Velamuri Malathi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBanks pursue profit like any business, but in their role as custodians of domestic savings, they are required to be cautious. Riskier but profitable advances may cause asset quality deterioration, thus affecting the long‐term viability of the entity. Financial sector reforms in India from the early 1990s, have raised the level of competition for banks of different ownership types — public sector (PSB), old private banks, new private banks, and foreign banks. We use panel data on 75 banks across the ownership spectrum, for the period 2000–13, to examine their performance vis‐à‐vis these two measures — profitability and soundness. We find evidence of significant heterogeneity in performance across ownership type. Overall, we find that there is a negative association between the profitability and soundness measures, though these effects vary by ownership type. PSBs, constrained by social outreach commitments, perform comparatively worse. A reluctance to increase commercial loans implies a lack of investment in the knowledge capital necessary for effective risk management. The smaller old private banks have a dedicated client base; despite the pressure of non‐performing assets, they remain profitable. Foreign banks maintain high capital adequacy ratio and relatively higher return on assets. The results also provide evidence that good human resource policy is vital for bank performance.
Cultivating Attitudes and Trellising Learning: A Permaculture Approach to Science and Sustainability Education
Authors: Lebo Nelson , Eames Chris 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article reports on an inquiry that used permaculture design thinking to create a science and sustainability education intervention for a secondary science class. The aims were tocultivate student attitudestowards science, towards learning science in school, and towards the environment, and totrellis learningof science and sustainability. Research into impacts of the intervention took the form of an interpretive, mixed methods case study, which included the use of questionnaires, interviews and observations. As a context for learning, local permaculture food production projects, as experienced through field trips in the intervention, appear to promote therelevanceof science and sustainability learning and the ability toengagestudents. Science and sustainability learning outcomes appeared to vary among students, although nearly all of them reported they enjoyed learning science with a focus on the environment, including one group of students who reported they did not generally enjoy learning science in school. There was some evidence that the teacher transformed his own thinking through his participation in the intervention.
The spontaneous generation of inertia–gravity waves during frontogenesis forced by large strain: numerical solutions
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Taylor J. R. 
Published: May 2015

A fully nonlinear numerical model is used to investigate spontaneous wave generation during two-dimensional frontogenesis forced by a horizontal strain field. The model uses the idealised configuration of an infinitely long straight front and uniform potential vorticity, with a uniform imposed convergent strain across the front. Shakespeare & Taylor (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 757, 2014, pp. 817–853) formulated a generalised analytical model (ST14) for this system that extends the classical Hoskins & Bretherton (J. Atmos. Sci., vol. 29, 1972, pp. 11–37) model (HB) to large strain rates (${\it\alpha}\sim f$). Here, we use a numerical model to simulate the fully nonlinear problem and compare the results with the predictions of the analytical model for a variety of strain rates. Even for weak strains (${\it\alpha}=0.2f$), the confinement of the secondary circulation and the spontaneous generation of waves, predicted by ST14, are shown to be important corrections to the HB solution. These inviscid predictions are also robust for an equilibrated front where strain-forced frontogenesis is balanced by diffusion. For strong strains the wavefield becomes of leading-order importance to the solution. In this case the frontal circulation is tightly confined, and the vertical velocity is an order of magnitude larger than in the HB model. The addition of a strain field that weakens with time allows the release and propagation of the spontaneously generated waves. We also consider fronts with both large vorticity and strain rate, beyond the validity of the ST14 model.
The diameters and velocities of the droplets ejected after splashing
Authors: Riboux Guillaume , Gordillo José Manuel 
Published: May 2015

When a drop impacts a smooth, dry surface at a velocity above the so-called critical speed for drop splashing, the initial liquid volume loses its integrity, fragmenting into tiny droplets that are violently ejected radially outwards. Here, we make use of the model of Riboux & Gordillo (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 113, 2014, 024507), together with a one-dimensional approximation describing the flow in the ejected liquid sheet and of balances of mass and momentum at the border of the sheet, to calculate mean sizes and velocities of the ejected drops. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with experiments.
TRACTABLE FALSIFIABILITY
Authors: Gradwohl Ronen , Shmaya Eran 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:We propose to strengthen Popper’s notion of falsifiability by adding the requirement that when an observation is inconsistent with a theory, there must be a ‘short proof’ of this inconsistency. We model the concept of a short proof using tools from computational complexity, and provide some examples of economic theories that are falsifiable in the usual sense but not with this additional requirement. We consider several variants of the definition of ‘short proof’ and several assumptions about the difficulty of computation, and study their different implications on the falsifiability of theories.
OPPORTUNITY AND PREFERENCE LEARNING: A REPLY TO CHRISTIAN SCHUBERT
Authors: Sugden Robert 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:This paper replies to Christian Schubert's critical review of my work on opportunity as a normative criterion. Schubert argues that the criterion I have proposed would not command general assent because it does not recognize the legitimacy of individuals’ preferences for achieving self-development by constraining their future opportunities. I argue that my account of the ‘responsible agent’ is compatible with self-development, and that preferences for self-constraint are less common than Schubert suggests. For the purposes of normative economics, my opportunity criterion is much more generally applicable than Schubert's criterion of ‘opportunity to learn’.
ON THE NON-TRIVIALITY OF THE -ADIC ABEL–JACOBI IMAGE OF GENERALISED HEEGNER CYCLES MODULO , II: SHIMURA CURVES
Authors: Burungale Ashay A. 
Published: May 2015

Generalised Heegner cycles are associated to a pair of an elliptic newform and a Hecke character over an imaginary quadratic extension$K/\mathbf{Q}$. The cycles live in a middle-dimensional Chow group of a Kuga–Sato variety arising from an indefinite Shimura curve over the rationals and a self-product of a CM abelian surface. Let$p$be an odd prime split in$K/\mathbf{Q}$. We prove the non-triviality of the$p$-adic Abel–Jacobi image of generalised Heegner cycles modulo$p$over the$\mathbf{Z}_{p}$-anticyclotomic extension of $K$. The result implies the non-triviality of the generalised Heegner cycles in the top graded piece of the coniveau filtration on the Chow group, and proves a higher weight analogue of Mazur’s conjecture. In the case of weight 2, the result provides a refinement of the results of Cornut–Vatsal and Aflalo–Nekovář on the non-triviality of Heegner points over the$\mathbf{Z}_{p}$-anticyclotomic extension of $K$.
The determinants of efficiency in the Canadian health care system
Authors: Allin Sara , Grignon Michel , Wang Li 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn spite of the vast number of studies measuring economic efficiency in health care, there has been little take-up of this evidence by policy-makers to date. This study provides an illustration of how a system-level study drawing on best practice in empirical measurement of efficiency may be of practical use to health system decision makers and managers. We make use of the rich data available in Canada to undertake a robust two-stage data envelopment analysis to calculate efficiency at the regional (sub-provincial) level. Decisions about what the health system produces (the outcome to measure efficiency against) and what are the resources it has to produce that outcome were based on interviews and consultation with health system decision makers. Overall, we find large inefficiencies in the Canadian health care system, which could improve outcomes (here, measured as a reduction in treatable causes of death) by between 18 and 35% across our analyses. Also, we find that inefficiencies are the result of three main sets of factors that policy makers could pay attention to: management factors, such as hospital re-admissions; public health factors, such as obesity and smoking rates; and environmental factors such as the population’s average income.
FAS-ligand regulates differential activation-induced cell death of human T-helper 1 and 17 cells in healthy donors and multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Cencioni M T , Santini S , Ruocco G , Borsellino G , De Bardi M , Grasso M G , Ruggieri S , Gasperini C , Centonze D , Barilá D , Battistini L , Volpe E 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFunctionally distinct T-helper (Th) subsets orchestrate immune responses. Maintenance of homeostasis through the tight control of inflammatory Th cells is crucial to avoid autoimmune inflammation. Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD) regulates homeostasis of T cells, and it has never been investigated in human Th cells. We generated stable clones of inflammatory Th subsets involved in autoimmune diseases, such as Th1, Th17 and Th1/17 cells, from healthy donors (HD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and we measured AICD. We find that human Th1 cells are sensitive, whereas Th17 and Th1/17 are resistant, to AICD. In particular, Th1 cells express high level of FAS-ligand (FASL), which interacts with FAS and leads to caspases’ cleavage and ultimately to cell death. In contrast, low FASL expression in Th17 and Th1/17 cells blunts caspase 8 activation and thus reduces cell death. Interestingly, Th cells obtained from healthy individuals and MS patients behave similarly, suggesting that this mechanism could explain the persistence of inflammatory IL-17-producing cells in autoimmune diseases, such as MS, where their generation is particularly substantial.
Wallenda regulates JNK-mediated cell death in Drosophila
Authors: Ma X , Xu W , Zhang D , Yang Y , Li W , Xue L 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays essential roles in regulating a variety of cellular processes including proliferation, migration and survival. Previous genetic studies in Drosophila have identified numerous cell death regulating genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms for related diseases. Despite the known role of the small GTPase Rac1 in regulating cell death, the downstream components and underlying mechanism remain largely elusive. Here, we show that Rac1 promotes JNK-dependent cell death through Wallenda (Wnd). In addition, we find that Wnd triggers JNK activation and cell death via its kinase domain. Moreover, we show that both MKK4 and Hep are critical for Wnd-induced cell death. Furthermore, Wnd is essential for ectopic Egr- or Rho1-induced JNK activation and cell death. Finally, Wnd is physiologically required for loss of scribble-induced JNK-dependent cell death. Thus, our data suggest that wnd encodes a novel essential cell death regulator in Drosophila.