bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Warfarin Management with International Normalized Ratio Self‐Testing and Online Remote Monitoring and Management Plus Low‐Dose Vitamin K with Genomic Considerations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bussey Henry I. , Bussey Marie , Bussey‐Smith Kristin L. , Frei Christopher R. 
Published: August 2013

Study ObjectivesAs better international normalized ratio (INR) control and self‐testing reduce events in warfarin‐treated patients, and vitamin K supplementation may improve INR control, our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of a system combining frequent INR self‐testing with online remote monitoring and management (STORM2) and low‐dose vitamin K supplementation on INR control; our secondary objectives were to assess the impact of STORM2 on clinician time and to evaluate the influence of pharmacogenomics on INR stability and warfarin dose after vitamin K supplementation.DesignProspective pre‐ and postintervention study.SettingFreestanding clinical research center.PatientsFifty‐five patients treated with long‐term warfarin therapy who were referred from four anticoagulation clinics and seven medical practices.InterventionAll patients performed weekly INR self‐testing and received vitamin K 100 µg/day and online anticoagulation management for 1 year.Measurements and Main ResultsINR control and time required for anticoagulation management were assessed, and an analysis of warfarin dosing and INR stability by genetic polymorphism subgroup (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1 [VKORC1] and cytochrome P450 2C9 isoenzyme) was performed; vitamin K product content was also analyzed. The percentage of time that the INR is within the time in therapeutic range (TTR) improved from 56% before the intervention to 81% after the intervention (p<0.0001), and time spent at extreme INR values of lower than 1.5 or higher than 5 was reduced from 3.1% to 0.4% (p=0.01). Clinician time was less than 10 minutes per four patient visits per month. Genetic polymorphisms did not correlate with INR stability or the increase in warfarin dose after vitamin K supplementation. The content of the vitamin K product, however, was only 34–76% of the labeled amount. Patients with the GG VKORC1 genotype required a higher warfarin dose than predicted by the genomic‐based dosing chart in the warfarin package insert.ConclusionThe 25% point improvement in TTR with STORM2 is a greater improvement than reported previously with other efforts to improve TTR. STORM2 required a minimum amount of clinician time. Pharmacogenomics were not predictive of improved INR control or the magnitude of the warfarin dose after vitamin K supplementation, although the content of the product was unreliable. Patients with the GG VKORC1 genotype required a higher warfarin dose than predicted by the product information. The potential clinical impact of improved INR control with this method warrants comparisons with conventionally managed warfarin and with the new oral anticoagulants.
Designing cooperativity into the designed protein Top7
Authors: Yadahalli Shilpa , Gosavi Shachi 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe topology of the designed protein Top7 is not found in natural proteins. Top7 shows signatures of non‐cooperative folding in both experimental studies and computer simulations. In particular, molecular dynamics of coarse‐grained structure‐based models of Top7 show a well‐populated C‐terminal folding‐intermediate. Since most similarly sized globular proteins are cooperative folders, the non‐natural topology of Top7 has been suggested as a reason for its non‐cooperative folding. Here, we computationally examine the folding of Top7 with the intent of making it cooperative. We find that its folding cooperativity can be increased in two ways: (a) Optimization of packing interactions in the N‐terminal half of the protein enables further folding of the C‐terminal intermediate. (b) Reduction in the packing density of the C‐terminal region destabilizes the intermediate. In practice, these strategies are implemented in our Top7 model through modifications to the contact‐map. These modifications do not alter the topology of Top7 but result in cooperative folding. Amino‐acid mutations that mimic these modifications also lead to a significant increase in folding cooperativity. Finally, we devise a method to randomize the sizes of amino‐acids within the same topology, and confirm that the structure of Top7 makes its folding sensitive to packing interactions. In contrast, the ribosomal protein S6, which has secondary structure similar to Top7, has folding which is much less sensitive to packing perturbations. Thus, it should be possible to make a sequence fold cooperatively to the structure of Top7, but to do so its side‐chain packing needs to be carefully designed. Proteins 2014; 82:364–374. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predicting protein–DNA interactions by full search computational docking
Authors: Roberts Victoria A. , Pique Michael E. , Ten Eyck Lynn F. , Li Sheng 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTProtein–DNA interactions are essential for many biological processes. X‐ray crystallography can provide high‐resolution structures, but protein‐DNA complexes are difficult to crystallize and typically contain only small DNA fragments. Thus, there is a need for computational methods that can provide useful predictions to give insights into mechanisms and guide the design of new experiments. We used the program DOT, which performs an exhaustive, rigid‐body search between two macromolecules, to investigate four diverse protein–DNA interactions. Here, we compare our computational results with subsequent experimental data on related systems. In all cases, the experimental data strongly supported our structural hypotheses from the docking calculations: a mechanism for weak, nonsequence‐specific DNA binding by a transcription factor, a large DNA‐binding footprint on the surface of the DNA‐repair enzyme uracil‐DNA glycosylase (UNG), viral and host DNA‐binding sites on the catalytic domain of HIV integrase, and a three‐DNA‐contact model of the linker histone bound to the nucleosome. In the case of UNG, the experimental design was based on the DNA‐binding surface found by docking, rather than the much smaller surface observed in the crystallographic structure. These comparisons demonstrate that the DOT electrostatic energy gives a good representation of the distinctive electrostatic properties of DNA and DNA‐binding proteins. The large, favourably ranked clusters resulting from the dockings identify active sites, map out large DNA‐binding sites, and reveal multiple DNA contacts with a protein. Thus, computational docking can not only help to identify protein–DNA interactions in the absence of a crystal structure, but also expand structural understanding beyond known crystallographic structures. Proteins 2013; 81:2106–2118. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatially resolved diagnostic methods for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: a review
Authors: Kalyvas Christos , Kucernak Anthony , Brett Dan , Hinds Gareth , Atkins Steve , Brandon Nigel 
Published: August 2013

This review discusses the range of diagnostic techniques reported in the literature for spatially resolved studies of operating fuel cells. In situ diagnostic techniques continue to reveal more about the working of fuel cells and in so doing allow for improved cell hardware design, materials selection, and choice of operating conditions to realize advanced electrochemical performance and longevity. These techniques also allow us to scrutinize the validity of conventional bulk electrical measurements and develop detailed models of fuel cell operation.This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Computational fluid dynamics for concentrating solar power systems
Authors: Ho Clifford K. 
Published: August 2013

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to better understand complex processes and to improve designs and system performance in concentrating solar power (CSP) applications. Applications presented in this paper include CFD simulations for collectors, thermal receivers, and thermal storage technologies. CFD simulations of wind flow around collectors such as parabolic troughs and heliostats have been used to determine wind loads, which impact the design and requirements of the support structure. Simulations of the heat transfer and heat loss in solar thermal receivers have been performed to identify designs that optimize thermal efficiency, and to better understand radiative, convective, and conductive heat losses. CFD models have also been developed to understand processes in thermal storage systems, including mixing in thermoclines, heat transfer in solid media, and melting and solidification processes in phase‐change materials. Researchers have generally concluded that CFD modeling is a useful and cost‐effective tool to understand processes and improve designs for CSP systems.This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Science and Materials
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Risk Factors for Discharge to an Acute Care Hospital From Inpatient Rehabilitation Among Stroke Patients
Authors: Roberts Pamela S. , DiVita Margaret A. , Riggs Richard V. , Niewczyk Paulette , Bergquist Brittany , Granger Carl V. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo identify medical and functional health risk factors for being discharged directly to an acute‐care hospital from an inpatient rehabilitation facility among patients who have had a stroke.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsA total of 783 patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke seen from 2008 to 2012; 60 were discharged directly to an acute‐care hospital and 723 were discharged to other settings, including community and other institutional settings.Methods or InterventionsLogistic regression analysis.Main Outcome MeasurementsDirect discharge to an acute care hospital compared with other discharge settings from the inpatient rehabilitation unit.ResultsNo significant differences in demographic characteristics were found between the 2 groups. The adjusted logistic regression model revealed 2 significant risk factors for being discharged to an acute care hospital: admission motor Functional Independence Measure total score (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.95‐0.99) and enteral feeding at admission (odds ratio 2.87, 95% confidence interval 1.34‐6.13). The presence of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid−tiered comorbidity trended toward significance.ConclusionBased on this research, we identified specific medical and functional health risk factors in the stroke population that affect the rate of discharge to an acute‐care hospital. With active medical and functional management, early identification of these critical components may lead to the prevention of stroke patients from being discharged to an acute‐care hospital from the inpatient rehabilitation setting.
Which Factors Determine Who is Referred for Community Rehabilitation Following Traumatic Brain Injury?
Authors: Ta'eed Gillian , Skilbeck Clive E. , Slatyer Mark 
Published: August 2013

Primary objective: To investigate which variables predict referral for rehabilitation in the participants of the Tasmanian Neurotrauma Register (TNTR), a large (N = 1226) prospective population-based study of adult traumatic brain injury (TBI) in southern Tasmania.Method: Over a 3-year period, only 54 TBI patients were referred by hospital or local health services for public community rehabilitation, with 121 referred by TNTR research assistants. A further 247 accessed private rehabilitation and 804 received no rehabilitation. These four groups were compared on a range of variables to identify which factors determine referral.Results: Those referred by hospital or community services and those receiving private rehabilitation had more severe TBI (p < .001), greater disability (p < .001) and were more likely to have been hospitalised post-injury (p < .001). The TNTR-referred group reported more post-concussion symptoms (PCS; p < .001), anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001). TNTR-referral was more likely (p < .001) following assault, compared with other causes of injury. Sixteen per cent of those not referred for rehabilitation had suffered moderate or severe TBI.Conclusions: These results indicate that no recognised pathway existed for non-hospitalised TBI patients to access public rehabilitation, even if they were reporting high levels of PCS and psychological distress. Furthermore, routine follow-up to assess rehabilitation needs was not occurring in Tasmania, even for some with moderate and severe TBI.
Protein and amino acid digestion characteristics of two forms of preserved lucerne forage fed to mature horses
Authors: Stowers N.L. , Waldron L.A. , Thomas D.G. , Pryor I.D. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryA trial was conducted, using 12 mature thoroughbred horses in a cross-over design, to compare the protein and amino acid digestibility of dry lucerne chaff (LC) against a controlled fermented lucerne (CFL) product (HNF Fiber®; Fiber Fresh Feeds Ltd, Reporoa, New Zealand). Crude protein levels were higher in CFL compared to LC, and when individual amino acids were analysed, the majority (88%) of these were also higher. Crude protein digestibility was significantly (18%) higher in CFL diets (P < 0.001) compared to LC. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were seen in individual amino acid digestibility in favour of the CFL diet for lysine (24%) and methionine (30%), as well as threonine, histidine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, proline, serine and aspartamine. Although amino acid requirements in horses are still poorly defined, the higher availability of amino acids in CFL compared to LC should be taken into account when formulating horse diets including these feedstuffs.
Preliminary investigation of the influence of long-term dietary isoflavone intake on reproductive tract histology and sex steroid receptor expression in female domestic cats (Felis catus)
Authors: Whitehouse-Tedd Katherine M. , Cave Nicholas J. , Roe Wendi D. , Ugarte Claudia E. , Thomas David G. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryGenistein and daidzein are isoflavones which are reported to influence the reproductive system in a variety of mammalian species. This pilot study aimed to determine if dietary isoflavones could potentially influence reproductive tract histology or morphology in domestic cats, when consumed during the postnatal development period. Cats were maintained on either treatment (150 µg/g DM genistein and 150 µg/g DM daidzein, n = 4) or control (isoflavone free, n = 8) diets from weaning, up to 414 (±17.2) days post-weaning. Reproductive tissues were collected during routine ovario-hysterectomy and examined for histology and sex steroid receptor expression. Findings indicate that these dietary isoflavones influenced the expression of oestrogen receptor α (ERα) and oestrogen receptor β (ERβ), and progesterone receptor in feline reproductive tissues. One cat in the treatment group developed suppurative endometritis, but no evidence of uterotrophic or histological changes were found in any other cats. The potential to alter expression of hormone receptors in the reproductive tract of domestic cats exposed to genistein and daidzein warrants further investigation.
REMARKS ON THE UNIVALENCE CRITERION OF PASCU AND PASCU
Authors: BHARANEDHAR VAIDHYANATHAN , PONNUSAMY SAMINATHAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider a recent work of Pascu and Pascu [‘Neighbourhoods of univalent functions’,Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 83(2) (2011), 210–219] and rectify an error that appears in their work. In addition, we study certain analogous results for sense-preserving harmonic mappings in the unit disc$\vert z\vert \lt 1$. As a corollary to this result, we derive a coefficient condition for a sense-preserving harmonic mapping to be univalent in$\vert z\vert \lt 1$.
A growing care gap? The supply of unpaid care for older people by their adult children in England to 2032
Authors: PICKARD LINDA 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA key feature of population ageing in Europe and other more economically developed countries is the projected unprecedented rise in need for long-term care in the next two decades. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the future supply of unpaid care for older people by their adult children. The future of family care is particularly important in countries planning to reform their long-term care systems, as is the case in England. This article makes new projections of the supply of intense unpaid care for parents aged 65 and over in England to 2032, and compares these projections with existing projections of demand for unpaid care by older people with disabilities from their children. The results show that the supply of unpaid care to older people with disabilities by their adult children in England is unlikely to keep pace with demand in future. By 2032, there is projected to be a shortfall of 160,000 care-givers in England. Demand for unpaid care will begin to exceed supply by 2017 and the unpaid ‘care gap’ will grow rapidly from then onwards. The article concludes by examining how far this unpaid ‘care gap’ is likely to be met by other sources of unpaid care or by developments in new technology and examines the implications of the findings for long-term care policy.
Surveillance of human influenza A(H3N2) virus from 1999 to 2009 in southern Italy
Authors: DE DONNO A. , IDOLO A. , QUATTROCCHI M. , ZIZZA A. , GABUTTI G. , ROMANO A. , GRIMA P. , DONATELLI I. , GUIDO M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of influenza virus co-infections in humans and changes in the genetic variability of A(H3N2) virus strains in southern Italy from 1999 to 2009. A partial sequence of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene by human influenza H3N2 strains identified in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness was analysed by DNA sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. During the seasons 1999–2000, 2002–2003, 2004–2005 and 2008–2009, the influenza viruses circulating belonged to subtype H3N2. However, A(H1N1) subtype virus and B type were respectively prevalent during the 2000–2001, 2006–2007, 2007–2008 and 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006 seasons. The HA sequences appeared to be closely related to the sequence of the influenza A vaccine strain. Only the 2002–2003 season was characterized by co-circulation of two viral lineages: A/New York/55/01(H3N2)-like virus of the previous season and A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2)-like virus, a new H3 variant. In this study, over the decade analysed, no significant change was seen in the sequences of the HA gene of H3 viruses isolated.
Vitrification of day 3 cleavage-stage embryos yields better clinical outcome in comparison with vitrification of day 2 cleavage-stage embryos
Authors: Chi Fengli , Luo Chengfeng , Yin Ping , Hong Ling , Ruan Jingling , Huang Meiyuan , Duan Tao , Tong Guoqing 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThe objective of this retrospective study was to determine an optimal time point for vitrification of cleavage-stage human embryos. This study included patients who were undergoing day 2 or day 3 vitrified–warmed cleavage-stage embryo transfer at the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Programme of the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, China, affiliated to the Tongji University School of Medicine, from April 2010 to March 2012. Intervention was made for the entire cohort of vitrified embryos for poor responder patients so as to avoid severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Embryo survival rate (SR) after vitrification–warming, implantation rate (IR), and clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) were the main outcome measurements. In total, 380 vitrified–warmed cleavage-stage embryo transfer (VWT) cycles were included. We found that the SR after vitrification and warming for day 2 embryos and day 3 embryos were 92.7% and 92.8%, respectively. For poor ovarian responders, the IR of day 2 and day 3 vitrified–warmed embryos was 6.4% and 13.2%, respectively (P = 0.186). The CPR for day 3 vitrified–warmed embryos was significantly higher than that of day 2 vitrified–warmed embryos (17.6 vs. 4.0 % per transfer cycle, P = 0.036). For patients who had their entire cohort of embryos vitrified to prevent severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), the IR and CPR were not significantly different for day 2 and day 3 vitrified–warmed embryo transfer. In conclusion, for vitrified–warmed embryo transfer, cryopreservation of the entire cohort of embryos on day 3 resulted in better clinical outcomes compared with cryopreservation on day 2. Therefore, it is highly recommended that cleavage-stage embryos should be vitrified on day 3, but not on day 2, particularly for poor ovarian responder patients.
Supporting health systems in Europe: added value of EU actions?
Authors: Clemens Timo , Michelsen Kai , Brand Helmut 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSince the start of the economic crisis, the European Union's (EU's) predominant discourse has been austerity and fiscal consolidation. The detrimental effects on Europe's health systems and the health status of its citizens are well described. However, little is known about the emerging EU-level initiatives to support national health systems handle the challenges of efficient care provision and system reorganisation aimed to meet their future needs. This review analyses the manner, conditions and prospects of such EU support. First, health system objectives are increasingly entering the EU health policy agenda. Second, professional and patient mobility provisions may support member states (MS) in copying with crisis related health challenges but can potentially acerbate them at the same time. Third, in recent initiatives health system goals are more closely tied to the EU's economic growth narrative. And fourth, health system issues are taken up in existing EU-level structures for debate and exchange between MS. In addition, the design of some policies may have the potential to intensify socioeconomic and health inequalities rather than ameliorate them.
Editorial introduction to the Elinor Ostrom memorial issue
Authors: HODGSON GEOFFREY M. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract:This introduction considers the overall character and impact of the work of Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012). Her work is not only inter-disciplinary in character; it also bridges ‘original’ and ‘new’ traditions within institutional economics. Her studies of the governance of common-pool resources inspired multiple lines of enquiry in economics and other social sciences. It also carves out a policy approach that surpasses the market–state dichotomy. This broad impact is evidenced in the seven essays collected and introduced here.
Induced plant defenses, host–pathogen interactions, and forest insect outbreaks
Authors: Elderd Bret D. , Rehill Brian J. , Haynes Kyle J. , Dwyer Greg 
Published: August 2013

SignificanceMany forest insects undergo outbreaks, in which their densities rise from undetectable to extremely high. Outbreaks are widely assumed to be driven by specialist natural enemies such as infectious pathogens, but gypsy moth outbreaks show alternating severe and mild outbreaks in forests with a high percentage of oaks, a pattern that cannot be explained by host-pathogen models. We used an experiment to show that induced defenses in red oak reduce heterogeneity among gypsy moth larvae in the risk of virus infection, and extending standard models to allow for this effect produces alternating outbreaks, matching the data. The ability of our model to reproduce this complex pattern suggests that the role of induced defenses in insect outbreaks has been underestimated.