bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A functional polymorphism in MIR196A2 is associated with risk and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Shizhi , Tao Guoquan , Wu Dongmei , Zhu Haixia , Gao Yan , Tan Yongfei , Wang Meilin , Gong Weida , Zhou Yan , Zhou Jianwei , Zhang Zhengdong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGenetic variations in miRNAs have been demonstrated to be capable of altering miRNA expression, consequently affecting many cancer‐related biological processes. The MIR196A2 rs11614913 (T > C) polymorphism has been reported to be associated with various cancers development and progression. In our study, we aim to explore whether this polymorphism is relevant to the genetic susceptibility and prognosis of gastric cancer in a Chinese population. We analyzed the correlations of rs11614913 polymorphism with gastric cancer susceptibility in test and validation sets. The test set comprised 749 cases and 900 controls, while the validation set enrolled 940 cases and 1046 controls. Moreover, we evaluated the association between the polymorphism and gastric cancer prognosis in the validation set with follow‐up information. The variant rs11614913 CC genotype was associated with a significantly reduced risk of gastric cancer in both sets (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62–0.99 for the test set and 0.64, 0.52–0.80 for the validation set) compared with the CT/TT genotypes. Furthermore, the CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased survival of gastric cancer compared with the CT/TT genotypes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.95), and the association was more prominent among patients with non‐cardia gastric cancer than those with cardia gastric cancer (adjusted HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.40–0.83 for NCGC and 1.00, 0.65–1.53 for CGC). Our results suggested that the genetic variation of MIR196A2 may play a role in gastric cancer tumorigenesis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neutrinoastrophysik und Neutrinoruhmasse
Authors: Kirsten Till 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIm astrophysikalischen Kontext spielen Neutrinos eine wichtige Rolle: während des Wasserstoffbrennens von Hauptreihensternen, beim Sternkollaps und im Urknall mit seinen Konsequenzen für das gegenwärtige und zukünftige Universum. Im vorliegenden ersten Teil dieses Aufsatzes wird die enge und wechselseitige Verknüpfung zwischen diesen astrophysikalisch‐kosmologischen Bedingungen und der physikalischen Natur der Neutrinos behandelt. Dabei spielt im Rahmen der vereinheitlichten Theorie der Kräfte und Elementarteilchen besonders die Ruhmasse der Neutrinos eine Schlüsselrolle. Es wird deshalb auch auf den gegenwärtigen Stand experimenteller Neutrinoruhmassenbestimmungen eingegangen.Der zweite Teil dieses Artikels, der in einem der nächsten Hefte erscheint, konzentriert sich auf Experimente zum Nachweis der solaren Neutrinos. Nur die bei der Fusion erzeugten Neutrinos erlauben aufgrund ihrer geringen Wechselwirkung mit Materie einen Blick in das anderweitig unzugängliche Sonneninnere und damit die Überprüfung unserer Vorstellungen vom Sternaufbau. Auch hier ist die Neutrinoruhmasse wichtig, weil dadurch ermöglichte Neutrino‐Oszillationen den im Detektor auf der Erde nachweisbaren Fluß solarer Neutrinos reduzieren können. Selbst bei Ruhmassen noch unterhalb 10−3 eV kann das in Arbeit befindliche Gallium‐Solar‐Neutrinoexperiment darüber eine Entscheidung herbeiführen. Am Schluß des zweiten Teils des Artikels werden Neutrinopulse aus dem Kollaps sterbender Sterne behandelt.
Grundlagen und Anwendungen der Elektronenholographie
Authors: Hanßen Karl‐Joseph 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie in der Lichtoptik gebräuchlichen holographischen Verfahren lassen sich auch in der Elektronenmikroskopie anwenden. Sie erlauben es, im Elektronenmikroskop nur schwer vornehmbare Eingriffe bei der Rekonstruktion im lichtoptischen Strahlengang nachzuholen. Eine Verbesserung der Auflösung elektronenmikroskopischer Aufnahmen ist wegen des starken Rauschens in den holographischen Rekonstruktionen noch nicht erreicht worden. Die Elektronenholographie dient hauptsächlich dazu, die elektrische Potentialverteilung in der Materie zu bestimmen und dynamische Beugungserscheinungen zu beobachten. Besonders erfolgreich wurde das Verfahren bei der Erfassung magnetischer Strukturen eingesetzt.
Synthesis and thermal properties of a bio‐based polybenzoxazine with curing promoter
Authors: Wang CaiFei , Zhao ChunHua , Sun JiaQin , Huang SanQing , Liu XiangDong , Endo Takeshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA fully bio‐based benzoxazine, 3‐furfuryl‐8‐methoxy‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐1,3‐benzoxazine (Bzf), has been prepared using guaiacol, furfurylamine, and paraformaldehyde as raw materials. Its chemical structure has been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. The polymerization behavior of Bzf in the presence of methyl p‐toluenesulfonate (PTSM) has been studied by FTIR and DSC, and the thermal stability of the cured resin has been evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis. It was found that PTSM is a good promoter that serves to avoid thermal decomposition of the bio‐based monomer during the curing process at high temperature. In contrast to the situation with neat Bzf, the presence of PTSM (5 mol % for Bzf) significantly improves the polymerization behaviors, including a decrease in the polymerization temperature from 240 to 174 °C, a shortening of the time required to reach the gel point on heating at 200 °C from 47 to 20 min, and an increase in the char yield of the cured resin from 53 to 62%. Moreover, these observed experimental results on the promoting effect of PTSM are interpreted in terms of several possible mechanistic schemes, which involve a catalytic effect on the dissociation of CO bonds in both the coordination ring‐opening reaction and the rearrangement from a phenoxy structure to a phenolic structure. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Fabrication of transparent conducting polymer/GaN Schottky junction for deep level defect evaluation under light irradiation
Authors: Lozac'h Mickaël , Nakano Yoshitaka , Sang Liwen , Sakoda Kazuaki , Sumiya Masatomo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTransparent conducting polymer/n‐GaN Schottky junction was fabricated in order to study deep level defects of III–V nitride films under light irradation. The leakage current was as low as 10−6 A cm−2 at reverse bias of 10 V. The Schottky barrier height reaches 1.15 eV under dark condition and under normalized solar spectrum AM1.5G the fill factor was up to 0.71 with an open‐circuit voltage of 0.72 V and a short‐circuit current of 0.37 mA cm−2. Deep level optical spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of gallium vacancies (VGa) and/or related complexes impurities (VGa–ON and/or VGa–CN) at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and n‐GaN. The Schottky and photovoltaic properties are discussed in term of deep level defects concentration. magnified imageSchematic illustration of PEDOT:PSS/III–V nitride Schottky junction with a metallic front grid on PEDOT:PSS layer.
Drastic change in electronic structure of AlGaN under Ba adsorption
Authors: Benemanskaya Galina , Timoshnev Sergey , Ivanov Sergey , Jmerik Valentin , Marchenko Dmitry 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA synchrotron‐radiation photoemission spectroscopy is applied to the clean and Ba‐deposited AlGaN(0001) surfaces to investigate the interface electronic structure relevant to both the surface states and an electron accumulation layer and to clarify their origins. Valence‐band photoemission and Ga 3d, Al 2p, Ba 4d core level spectra of AlxGa1‐xN (x=0.16, x=0.42) have been studied under the step‐by‐step Ba submonolayer deposition. The clean n ‐Al0.16Ga0.84N surface exhibits the surface states at energies of 2.8 eV, 5.5 eV, and 7.8 eV with respect to the valence band maximum, while the states for the clean Al0.42Ga0.58N surface are at higher energies of 3.9 eV, 5.6 eV, and 8.2 eV. Drastic change in the valence band spectra is revealed and it is showed that narrowing of valence band and suppression of surface states occur with increasing Ba coverage. The appearance of a new photoemission peak at the Fermi level clearly indicates the creation of the accumulation layer on the n ‐Al0.16Ga0.84N surface under the Ba adsorption. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Throughput‐Per‐Footprint Inertial Focusing
Authors: Ciftlik Ata Tuna , Ettori Maxime , Gijs Martin A. M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMatching the scale of microfluidic flow systems with that of microelectronic chips for realizing monolithically integrated systems still needs to be accomplished. However, this is appealing only if such re‐scaling does not compromise the fluidic throughput. This is related to the fact that the cost of microelectronic circuits primarily depends on the layout footprint, while the performance of many microfluidic systems, like flow cytometers, is measured by the throughput. The simple operation of inertial particle focusing makes it a promising technique for use in such integrated flow cytometer applications, however, microfluidic footprints demonstrated so far preclude monolithic integration. Here, the scaling limits of throughput‐per‐footprint (TPFP) in using inertial focusing are explored by studying the interplay between theory, the effect of channel Reynolds numbers up to 1500 on focusing, the entry length for the laminar flow to develop, and pressure resistance of the microchannels. Inertial particle focusing is demonstrated with a TPFP up to 0.3 L/(min cm2) in high aspect‐ratio rectangular microfluidic channels that are readily fabricated with a post‐CMOS integratable process, suggesting at least a 100‐fold improvement compared to previously demonstrated techniques. Not only can this be an enabling technology for realizing cost‐effective monolithically integrated flow cytometry devices, but the methodology represented here can also open perspectives for miniaturization of many biomedical microfluidic applications requiring monolithic integration with microelectronics without compromising the throughput.
Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Decomposition of the Intriguing Five‐coordinated Compound [Cu(IMI)4Cl]Cl (IMI = Imidazole)
Authors: Wu Bi‐Dong , Zhou Zun‐Ning , Bi Yan‐Gang , Yang Li , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Tong‐Lai 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe intriguing multi‐ligand compound [Cu(IMI)4Cl]Cl (1) with the ligand imidazole (IMI) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure was determined by X‐ray single crystal diffraction and the crystallographic data showed that the compound belongs to the monoclinic P21/n space group [α = 8.847(2) Å, b = 13.210(3) Å, c = 13.870(3) Å, and β = 90.164(3)°]. Furthermore, the CuII ion is five‐coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from four imidazole ligands and a chlorine atom. The thermal decomposition mechanism was determined based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG‐DTG) analysis. The non‐isothermal kinetics parameters were calculated by the Kissinger's method and Ozawa's method, respectively. The energy of combustion, enthalpy of formation, critical temperature of thermal explosion, entropy of activation (ΔS≠), enthalpy of activation (ΔH≠), and free energy of activation (ΔG≠) were measured and calculated.
itSIMPLE: towards an integrated design system for real planning applications
Authors: Vaquero Tiago S. , Silva José R. , Tonidandel Flavio , Christopher Beck J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSince the end of the 1990s, there has been an increasing interest in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) planning techniques to solve real-life problems. In addition to characteristics of academic problems, such as the need to reason about actions, real-life problems require detailed knowledge elicitation, engineering, and management. A systematic design process in which Knowledge and Requirements Engineering tools play a fundamental role is necessary in such applications. One of the main challenges in such design process, and consequently in the study of Knowledge Engineering in AI planning, has been the analysis of requirements and their subsequent transformation into an input-ready model for planners. itSIMPLE is a research project dedicated to the study of a project process to support the design phases of real-life planning models. In this paper, we give an overview of itSIMPLE focusing on the main translation processes among a minimal set of representations: from requirements represented in Unified Modeling Language (UML) to Petri Nets and from UML models to planning domain definition language for problem solving.
Diversity, relative abundance, new locality records, and updated fish fauna of the Ross Sea region
Authors: Hanchet Stuart M. , Stewart Andrew L. , McMillan Peter J. , Clark Malcolm R. , O'Driscoll Richard L. , Stevenson Michael L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo surveys were carried out in the Ross Sea region during February and March 2004 and 2008 from the New Zealand RVTangaroa. Fishes were sampled on the continental shelf and slope of the Ross Sea, and on adjacent seamounts to the north, mainly using a large demersal fish trawl and a large mesopelagic fish trawl. Parts of the shelf and slope were stratified by depth and at least three random demersal trawls were completed in each stratum, enabling biomass estimates of demersal fish to be calculated. Fish distribution data from these two surveys were supplemented by collections made by observers from the toothfish fishery. A diverse collection of over 2500 fish specimens was obtained from the two surveys representing 110 species in 21 families. When combined with previous documented material this gave a total species list of 175, of which 135 were from the Ross Sea shelf and slope (to the 2000 m isobath). Demersal species-richness, diversity and evenness indices all decreased going from the shelf to the slope and the seamounts. In contrast, indices for pelagic species were similar for the slope and seamounts/abyss but were much lower for the shelf.
Expected and actual replacement rates in the pension system of the Netherlands: how and why do they differ?
Authors: VAN DUIJN MARK , MASTROGIACOMO MAURO , LINDEBOOM MAARTEN , LUNDBORG PETTER 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study examines the expected retirement replacement rates (RRs) of several cohorts of Dutch employees at the time of their planned retirements. It also computes RRs based on the available pension records. We find that the expected replacement rate (E(RR)) is, in general, higher than the ones we compute. Larger discrepancies are found for younger cohorts and for individuals with less education and working experience. We also examine the difference between the expected and computed RRs and find that the mismatch is mostly related to poor institutional knowledge. We also show the role of assumptions about institutions and wage profiles in determining our results.
Converting souls across cultural borders: Dutch Calvinism and early modern missionary enterprises
Authors: Parker Charles H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on disputes among Dutch Calvinists (Reformed Protestants) in Asia and in Europe over how to administer the sacraments of baptism and communion to people with little or no exposure to Protestant Christianity. Historians have tended to view these conflicts as evidence of Calvinist rigidity and the incompatibility between Protestantism and non-European societies. When examined within global patterns of Christianization, however, it becomes clear that Calvinists had much in common with Roman Catholic missionaries in trying to convert people across cultural borders. All missionaries had to negotiate the inherent tensions between accommodation and orthodoxy in early modern missionary programmes. Many Calvinists on the missionary frontier, like their Catholic counterparts, opted for syncretistic strategies over objections from authorities in their religious heartland.
Simple pleasures: food consumption in Japan and the global comparison of living standards
Authors: Francks Penelope 
Published: February 2013

AbstractContrary both to Pomeranz's argument for the comparability of pre-industrial living standards across Eurasia and to the accumulating evidence of the extent of growth in the Japanese economy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, quantitative historical comparisons of living standards consistently place Japan on a level with the least developed parts of Europe and imply that the living conditions of ordinary Japanese people only began to approach those of the industrialized West once imported modernization had been absorbed. This article uses concepts derived from comparative consumption history to go deeper into this issue, arguing that, from at least the late eighteenth century, Japanese living standards were changing in ways that paralleled equivalent developments in Europe. Through the consumption histories of a set of ‘transformative’ products – rice, tea, tobacco, and sugar – it seeks to demonstrate the potential for comparative qualitative analysis of living standards and to show that, in Japan as in Europe, the ‘transformation of desire’ paved the way for industrialization.
Useful knowledge, ‘industrial enlightenment’, and the place of India
Authors: Berg Maxine 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResearch is now turning to the missing place of technology and ‘useful knowledge’ in the debate on the ‘great divergence’ between East and West. Parallel research in the history of science has sought the global dimensions of European knowledge. Joel Mokyr's recentThe Enlightened Economy(2009) argued the place of an exceptional ‘industrial enlightenment’ in Europe in explaining industrialization there, but neglected the wide geographic framework of European investigation of the arts and manufactures. This article presents two case studies of European industrial travellers who accessed and described Indian crafts and industries at the time of Britain's industrial revolution and Europe's Enlightenment discourse on crafts and manufactures. The efforts of Anton Hove and Benjamin Heyne to ‘codify’ the ‘tacit’ knowledge of a part of the world distant from Europe were hindered by the English East India Company and the British state. Their accounts, only published much later, provide insight into European perceptions of India's ‘useful knowledge’.
Wideband harmonically matched packaged GaN HEMTs with high PAE performances at S-band frequencies
Authors: Chéron Jérôme , Campovecchio Michel , Barataud Denis , Reveyrand Tibault , Stanislawiak Michel , Eudeline Philippe , Floriot Didier 
Published: February 2013

This paper presents a design method of internally-matched packaged GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) for achieving not only high-efficiency and high-power performances but also a wide bandwidth and insensitivity to harmonic terminations in the S-band. The package and its internal matching networks are synthesized to confine the second harmonic impedances seen by the GaN die to high-efficiency regions whatever the harmonic impedances presented outside the package. This paper reports the design of a packaged GaN HEMT achieving 78% of power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 25 W of output power at 2.5 GHz. A packaged GaN power bar is also reported with the addition of fundamental matching networks inside the package. In 50 Ω environment, the packaged GaN power bar provided more than 56% of PAE from 2.5 to 3.1 GHz and was desensitized to harmonic load variations with less than two points of PAE variation when a load-pull is performed at second harmonic frequencies outside the package.
In Vitro Engineering of Vascularized Tissue Surrogates
Authors: Sakaguchi Katsuhisa , Shimizu Tatsuya , Horaguchi Shigeto , Sekine Hidekazu , Yamato Masayuki , Umezu Mitsuo , Okano Teruo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn vitro scaling up of bioengineered tissues is known to be limited by diffusion issues, specifically a lack of vasculature. Here, we report a new strategy for preserving cell viability in three-dimensional tissues using cell sheet technology and a perfusion bioreactor having collagen-based microchannels. When triple-layer cardiac cell sheets are incubated within this bioreactor, endothelial cells in the cell sheets migrate to vascularize in the collagen gel and finally connect with the microchannels. Medium readily flows into the cell sheets through the microchannels and the newly developed capillaries, while the cardiac construct shows simultaneous beating. When additional triple-layer cell sheets are repeatedly layered, new multi-layer construct spontaneously integrates and the resulting construct becomes a vascularized thick tissue. These results confirmed our method to fabricate in vitro vascularized tissue surrogates that overcomes engineered-tissue thickness limitations. The surrogates promise new therapies for damaged organs as well as new in vitro tissue models.
Mapping of interactions between the N- and C-termini and the channel core in HERG K+ channels
Authors: de la Peña Pilar , Machín Angeles , Fernández-Trillo Jorge , Domínguez Pedro , Barros Francisco 
Published: February 2013

The characteristic gating properties of the HERG [human eag (ether-a-go-go)-related gene] potassium channel determine its contribution to cardiac repolarization and in setting the electrical behaviour of a variety of cells. In the present study we analysed, using a site-directed cysteine and disulfide chemistry approach, whether the eag/PAS (Per/Arnt/Sim) and proximal domains at the HERG N-terminus exert a role in controlling the access of the N-terminal flexible tail to its binding site in the channel core for interaction with the gating machinery. Whereas the eag/PAS domain is necessary for disulfide bridging, plus the cysteine residues introduced at positions 3 and 542 of the HERG sequence, the presence of the proximal domain seems to be dispensable. The state-dependent formation of a disulfide bridge between Cys3 and an endogenous cysteine residue at position 723 in the C-terminal C-linker suggests that the N-terminal tail of HERG can also get into close proximity with the C-linker structures located at the bottom of helix S6. Therefore the intrinsic flexibility of the N-tail and its proximity to both the S4–S5 loop and the C-linker may dynamically contribute to the modulation of HERG channel gating.
Retrospective analysis of disease association and outcome in histologically confirmed ischemic colitis
Authors: Mosli Mahmoud , Parfitt Jeremy , Gregor Jamie 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors, clinical features and complications in patients with ischemic colitis (IC).MethodsAll patients diagnosed with biopsy proven IC within a 2‐year period were identified; clinical data were retrospectively collected and subsequently analyzed.ResultsIn total, 72 IC patients with a mean age of 68 years were included in this study. Among them, 18 (25.0%) were younger than 65 years with a female predominance. One‐third of the patients was found to be without vascular risk factors, and 8 patients met the criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. No history of oral contraceptives or hormonal replacement therapy use could be found among the women diagnosed with IC. Over a mean duration of follow‐up of 9.5 months (range 0–65 months), the rate of recurrent disease was 16.7%, while only 2 (2.8%) patients developed extra intestinal vascular sequelae. Statistical analysis identified a history of atrial fibrillation and the use of furosemide to be the only significant predictors of a poor outcome, while coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure predicted recurrence and low platelet count predicted stricture formation.ConclusionsAlthough most patients with IC are elderly and have conventional vascular risk factors, it should also be considered in young patients without vascular risk factors, especially in women, who may have an atypical distribution of the disease. Severe complications and extraintestinal vascular sequelae are rare, however, residual gastrointestinal complaints and recurrent disease are relatively common and there are no reliable predictors of the outcome.