bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The meta-physics of data: Philosophical science in Semiconductor’s animated videos
Authors: Husbands Lilly 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article examines video and animation works by the artist-duo Ruth Jarman and Joe Gerhardt, known together as Semiconductor. Over the course of the last decade, their works have come to occupy a unique position in the world of artist’s film and video with projects that blend – in philosophically compelling ways – experimental video art techniques, scientific research and digital technology. In works like All The Time In The World (2005), Brilliant Noise (2006), Black Rain (2009) and Magnetic Movie (2007), they approach some of the grandest subjects in the physical sciences (geomorphology and astrophysics) in ways that engage with the metaphysical implications of aesthetically mediating natural forces whose magnitude and actual nature far exceed any capacity for normal perception. For these projects, Jarman and Gerhardt have immersed themselves in rigorous research at prestigious scientific institutions such as the NASA Space Sciences Laboratories (SSL) and the Mineral Sciences Department at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Here they were given privileged access to scientific research technologies as well as personal instruction by some of the foremost scientists in their fields. However, as artists exhibiting their work in gallery contexts, Semiconductor’s creative freedoms have been largely unimpeded by obligations to conform to strict scientific accuracy or to the narrative codes of traditional science documentary. Indeed, the single and multi-channel installations that have resulted from their research are hybrid experimental artworks that engage with their subject matter on a number of different levels, with varying degrees and manifestations of scientific ‘truth’. In this article I argue that, in spite of their blurring of discipline boundaries, many of their works enact and embody a philosophy of science that is engaged with technological investigation and its ability to expressively reveal the material nature of our universe.
Pass-through of Per Unit and ad Valorem Consumption Taxes: Evidence from Alcoholic Beverages in France
Authors: Carbonnier Clément 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Economic theory states that in a market with imperfect competition, per unit consumption taxes should induce a greater increase in prices than ad valorem consumption taxes. This implies that consumers bear a greater share of the tax burden with per unit consumption taxes than that with ad valorem consumption taxes. This article seeks to test this theoretical result empirically using the French market for alcoholic beverages, which is subject to both per unit (excise taxes) and ad valorem (value-added tax, VAT) consumption taxes. Econometric analysis is applied to two consumption tax reforms affecting two distinct French markets for alcoholic beverages, those for beer and for aperitif. In 1995, the full rate of VAT increased from 18.6 to 20.6%; excise taxes on alcoholic beverages increased in 1997. Graphical evidence and econometric results confirm the statements of economic theory. For both classes of alcoholic beverages – beer and aperitif – the change in prices due to per unit excise taxes was significantly larger than that due to ad valorem VAT.
Membrane protein stability depends on the concentration of compatible solutes – a single molecule force spectroscopic study
Authors: Roychoudhury Arpita , Bieker Adeline , Häussinger Dieter , Oesterhelt Filipp 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Compatible solutes are small, uncharged, zwitter ionic, osmotically active molecules produced and accumulated by microorganisms inside their cell to counteract different kinds of environmental stress. They enhance protein stability without interfering with the metabolic pathways even at molar concentrations. In this paper, we report the stabilizing effects of compatible solutes, ectoine, betaine and taurine on membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin at different concentrations. Using atomic force microscopy based single molecule force spectroscopy the impact of the osmolytes was quantified by measuring the forces required to pull the protein out of the membrane and the change in the persistence lengths of the unfolded polypeptide chain. Increase in unfolding forces were observed, indicating the strengthening of intramolecular interactions, which are vital for protein stability. The decrease in persistence lengths was recorded and showed increasing tendencies of the polypeptide strand to coil up. Interestingly, it was revealed that these molecules have different stabilizing effects on protein unfolding at different concentrations. The results show that the unfolding of single protein provides insight to the structure-dynamic relationship between the protein and compatible solute molecules at sub-nanometer scale. This also helps to understand the molecular mechanism involved in protein stabilization by organic osmolytes.
Fault Current Distribution and Pole Earth Potential Rise (EPR) Under Substation Fault
Authors: Nnassereddine M. , Rizk J. , Hellany A. , Nagrial M. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
New high-voltage (HV) substations are fed by transmission lines. The position of these lines necessitates earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. Conductive structures such as steel or concrete poles are widely used in HV transmission mains. The earth potential rise (EPR) generated by a fault at the substation could result in an unsafe condition. This article discusses EPR based on substation fault. The pole EPR assessment under substation fault is assessed with and without mutual impedance consideration. Split factor determination with and without the mutual impedance of the line is also discussed. Furthermore, a simplified formula to compute the pole grid current under substation fault is included. Also, it includes the introduction of the n factor which determines the number of poles that required earthing assessments under substation fault. A case study is shown.
Komplementär-therapeutische Stimulierung der defizitären autorhythmischen arteriolären Vasomotion mittels eines biorhythmisch definierten physikalischen Reizes auf die Mikrozirkulation und das Immunsystem bei 50-jährigen Rehabilitanden
Authors: Klopp Rainer Christian , Niemer Wolfgang , Schulz Jörg 
Published: September 2013

Zusammenfassung
In einer placebokontrollierten Untersuchungsreihe wurde an einer Stichprobe aus 50-jährigen Rehabilitanden ermittelt, ob der komplementäre Einsatz einer physikalischen Behandlungsmethode zur Stimulierung der arteriolären Vasomotion den therapeutischen Erfolg etablierter Maßnahmen zur physischen Konditionierung steigern kann. Als Ergebnis zeigte sich, daß sowohl die mikro-zirkulatorische Durchblutungsregulation als auch die (zelluläre) Immunabwehr durch eine zusätzliche physikalische Vasomotions-stimulierung therapierelevant beeinflußt werden können.
Theory of ground-penetrating radars III
Authors: Ramm A. G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The governing equations are Maxwell’s. The source of the current is either j = ey δ(z − z
0)δ(x)f(t) or eϕ δ(z − z
0)δ(r − r
0)f(t) (straight wire or loop of current, f(t) is a pulse). The conductivity σ(z) and permittivity ε(z) are unknown in the medium (z > 0) and are known in the air (z < 0). The source is in the air: z
0
< 0. The μ is a known constant. The data are the values of E(x, y, z, t) and H(x, y, z, t) for all t > 0, all x, y ∈ R2 on the surface z = 0. For t < 0 the system is at rest: the electromagnetic fields vanish. Given the data, an exact inversion procedure is described to find σ(z) and ε(z).
Some problems of the theory of multidimensional inverse problems
Authors: Anikonov Yu. E. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper, some methods of solution of multidimensional inverse problems are developed. The results of constructive solutions of inverse problems are presented. In particular, inverse problems for differential equations of the second order are considered. Furthermore, problems of integral geometry and problems of determination of convex surfaces are considered. In the last case, the functionals of them are given in the plane. This paper also concerns solution of some other inverse problems.
Influence of refraction to the accuracy of a solution for the 2D-emission tomography problem
Authors: Derevtsov E. Yu. , Dietz R. , Louis A.K. , Schuster T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We suggest two numerical methods for solving a 2D-emission tomography problem. One of them bases on the approach of best approximation, the other is the algorithm of approximate inverse, which represents a stable regularization scheme for linear ill-posed problems. The mathematical model of emission tomography is given by the exponential ray transform (ERT). The aim of this paper is on the one hand a comparison of both methods by applying them on the inversion of the ERT with constant absorption, and on the other hand the investigation of the reconstruction accuracy, if we have some refraction or absorption within the object under consideration. Several numerical test series quantify the influence of refraction and absorption to the solution and answer some questions, which come from related problems.
A multifunctional extension of function spaces: chaotic systems are maximally ill-posed
Authors: Sengupta A. , Ray G.G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We define a notion of graphical convergence of a net of functions between topological spaces X and Y . This convergence, which differs from that of Kuratowsky by being basically function theoretic rather than set theoretic, is used to define a space of multifunctions Multi(X, Y ) as a natural extension of function spaces, in as far as functional relations are expected to be dense in the space of all relations between two sets. This convergence admits a new definition of continuity of multifunctions that is defined in Section 3.
Multi(X, Y ) appears to be a natural space for the evolution of discrete dynamical systems towards chaos, and Sections 4 and 5 explore this possibility based on the fundamental ill-posedness of the problem.
Remarks on modification of Helgason’s support theorem
Authors: Takiguchi T. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- It is well known that for uniqueness of the exterior problem for the Radon transform it is necessary and sufficient that a function decays rapidly towards infinity. This is Helgason’s support theorem. Several years ago, J. Boman discussed a modification of this theorem by restricting the condition of rapid decay to an open cone. In this paper, we study this modification.
On iterative methods for solving ill-posed problems modeled by partial differential equations
Authors: Baumeister J. , Leitão A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We investigate the iterative methods proposed by Maz’ya and Kozlov (see [6, 7]) for solving ill-posed inverse problems modeled by partial differential equations. We consider linear evolutionary problems of elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic types. Each iteration of the analyzed methods consists in the solution of a well posed problem (boundary value problem or initial value problem respectively). The iterations are described as powers of affine operators, as in [7]. We give alternative convergence proofs for the algorithms by using spectral theory and the fact that the linear parts of these affine operators are non-expansive with additional functional analytical properties (see [9, 10]). Also problems with noisy data are considered and estimates for the convergence rate are obtained under a priori regularity assumptions on the problem data.
Problems of dynamical reconstruction and robust boundary control: the case of the Dirichlet boundary conditions
Authors: Osipov Yu. , Pandolfi L. , Maksimov V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Problems of dynamical reconstruction of unknown distributed and boundary controls acting on nonlinear hyperbolic equations are discussed. Regularized algorithms reconstructing the unknown input during the evolution of a process are designed. In addition, algorithms for solving problems of robust boundary control are developed. These algorithms are stable with respect to informational noise and computational errors.
The Lur’e problem for a distributed system: the multivariable case
Authors: Pandolfi L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We study the Lur’e problem for a multivariable system of “parabolic” type (i. e., governed by a holomorphic semigroup). We assume that the input and output spaces are finite-dimensional and we give a sufficient condition under which the Lur’e problem can be solved.
On local solvability of inverse dissipative scattering problems
Authors: Baev A. V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Much work has been done on inverse scattering problems for one-dimensional acoustic media. Unfortunately, the linear method of the Gel’fand - Levitan integral equations is developed only for inversion from reflection data in case of negligible dissipative effects. On the contrary, measurement data, in geophysical prospecting particularly, are often influenced by these effects. The main result of this paper is a necessary and sufficient condition of solvability of the inverse dissipative scattering problem with data given on a finite time interval. We also consider a bilinear procedure for recovering the dissipation coefficient from the reflection data. The approach is based on a step-by-step split method for numerical solution of a system of the Gel’fand - Levitan integral equations under nonlocal boundary conditions. Besides, we develop a method of inversion of difference schemes for solving the inverse dissipative scattering problems.
An uniqueness theorem related to an inverse scattering problem for a layered elastic half-space
Authors: Romanov V. G. , Weng C.-I , Chen T.-C. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- An inverse problem of finding elastic parameters of a layered isotropic medium filling the half-space Ω = {x ∈ R3
| x
3
> 0} is considered. It is assumed that the elastic waves propagation is initiated in Ω by a point source located within the first layer of the half-space. It is proved that the normal component of the displacement vector measured on the boundary of the half-space in a small neighborhood of a fixed point determines uniquely the elastic moduli, densities, number of layers and layer thicknesses of the elastic medium.
Regularization of degenerated equations and inequalities under explicit data parameterization
Authors: Gorbunov V.K. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- The regularization problem of degenerated nonlinear system of equations/ inequalities in Banach spaces is considered. The proposed approach is based on the explicit parametrization of input data and on the utilization of the multi-valued mapping techniques. Two regularization methods are suggested: the extended minimization and the regularized partial penalty function one. According to the first method an ill-posed problem should be replaced by a search of the minimal norm element in the join of solution sets of the family of problems that are equivalent to the initial one with respect to input data accuracy. The second one is based on separation from the initial system some regular part. Suggested approach is illustrated on some examples (analytical and numerical), including a singular system of ordinary differential and finite equations.
Approximation of function with finite number of discontinuities by noised data
Authors: Antonova T. V. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper we consider the ill-posed problem of recovery of a function which has a finite number of jumps using noised data. The method which we suggest allows us to find a number of discontinuities. The position of the discontinuity points and the values of jumps are derived approximately. The estimates of accuracy of positions and jumps values are given. Approximation of initial function is constructed. The uniform estimate of proximity of the approximate function and the exact function is given outside the neighborhoods discontinuity points.
New approaches to error estimation to ill-posed problems with applications to inverse problems of heat conductivity
Authors: Dorofeev K.Y. , Nikolaeva N.N. , Titarenko V.N. , Yagola A.G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- In this paper several new approaches for error estimation of an approximate solution of linear ill-posed problems are offered in the presence of the additional a priori information about the exact solution. This information is used when the exact solution belongs to a compact set or is sourcewise represented. All considered problems are reduced to convex programming problems in finite dimensional Euclidean spaces. The method to cut convex polyhedrons is applied to solve these problems and to construct areas, which the exact solutions belong to. Several model inverse problems for the heat conduction equation are considered.
An inverse problem for a generalized Kermack—McKendrick model
Authors: Colombo F. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- We consider an integrodifferential system arising in the theory of spread of infection. We formulate the inverse problem, consisting in determine the unknowns u (susceptible population), v (infective population) and the convolution kernel h, (representing the time depending transfer mechanism of infection) in an abstract setting, relating it to a Banach space X. We prove an abstract existence and uniqueness theorem for the abstract inverse problem and we apply it to the concrete case of the epidemic equations.
On an inverse filtration problem in the harmonic analysis of finite time records
Authors: Haidar N. H. S. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- Variations in harmonic amplitudes of finite time records of certain recurrent functions f(t) ∈ L
1, in Bochner’s sense, which are encountered e.g. in medical tonometry [1], are analyzed by means of the time-localization principle. The variations are proved to generate a reversed filtration process of the Kallman type. A new sequential “on line” smoothing algorithm is advanced to regularize this ill-posed problem in a weighted Sobolev space with regularizable exponential weight functions.
Approximation of ill-posed evolution problems and discretization of C-semigroups
Authors: Piskarev S. , Shaw S.-Y. , Van Casteren J. A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- This paper is devoted to numerical analysis of ill-posed problems of evolution equations in Banach spaces. Since a C-semigroup is a regularizator family for an ill posed-problem we consider approximation by C-semigroups for a general approximation scheme. In this direction the relevant notion is that of C operator, which provides the regularization property. Within this context some interesting aspects of regularization using stochastic differential equations with discretization in space and in time variables are considered.
Regularization of parameter estimation by adaptive discretization using refinement and coarsening indicators
Authors: Ben Ameur H. , Kaltenbacher B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
- This paper is concerned with the ill-posed problem of identifying a hydraulic transmissivity in an isotropic and confined aquifer in two space dimensions. To define a regularization by adaptive discretization of the parameter, we use refinement and coarsening indicators, which give the first order effect on the optimal data misfit of adding or removing degrees of freedom to a current set of parameters. The direct problem is discretized by a mixed hybrid finite element method. A combination of the direct problem discretization with the adaptive discretrization for the transmissivity allows us to prove convergence of the algorithm as the mesh size goes to zero, stability of the finite-dimensional approximation, and convergence for noisy data with an appropriate stopping rule.
The neurobiology of sign language and the mirror system hypothesis
Authors: Emmorey Karen 
Published: September 2013

AbstractI suggest two puzzles for the Mirror System Hypothesis. First, there is little evidence that mirror neuron populations for words or for signs exist in Broca's area, and a mirror system is not critical for either speech or sign perception. Damage to Broca's area (or to the mirror system for human action) does not result in deficits in sign or speech perception. Second, the gesticulations of speakers are highly integrated with speech, but pantomimes and modern protosigns (conventional gestures) are not co-expressive with speech, and they do not co-occur with speech. Further, signers also produce global, imagistic gesticulations with their mouths and bodies simultaneously while signing with their hands. The expanding spiral of protosign and protospeech does not predict the integrated and co-expressive nature of modern gestures produced by signers and speakers.
An optical system for measuring the residence time distribution in co-rotating twin-screw extruders
Authors: Gerstorfer Gregor , Lepschi Alexander , Miethlinger Jürgen , Zagar Bernhard G. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Expanding the general knowledge of the extrusion process in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder requires several parameters to be determined, among them the residence time distribution (RTD). This contribution introduces an optical measurement setup for acquiring the residence time density and distribution function. Based on our measurement results, we derive the influence of the rotational speed of the screws, mass flow rate and of different types of screw configurations on residence time.
Monte Carlo simulation of ionic conductivity in polyethylene oxide
Authors: Cheang Pei Ling , Yap Yee Ling , Teo Lay Lian , Wong Eng Kiong , You Ah Heng , Hanapei Hisham 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
A Monte Carlo (MC) model to incorporate the effect of Al2O3 with different particle sizes in enhancing the ionic conductivity of composite polymer electrolytes consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF3SO3), and ethylene carbonate (EC), is proposed. The simulated ionic conductivity in our MC model is validated by the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which determined the room temperature ionic conductivity of various composite electrolyte samples differing from the size of the Al2O3 prepared via the solution cast method. With the simulated current density and recurrence relation, cation transference numbers, t+si of composite polymer electrolytes were derived using the steady-state current method proposed by Bruce et al. Addition of Al2O3 (≤10 μm) in micron size greatly enhances the ionic conductivity to a magnitude of two orders, i.e., from 2.9025×10-7 S/cm to 2.970×10-5 S/cm and doubles the cation transference number from 0.230 to 0.465. However, the addition of Al2O3 (<50 nm) in nano size decreases both the ionic conductivity and the cation transference number. The smaller size of Al2O3 in the nano range is responsible for the congestion on the conducting pathways that traps some of the Li+ in PEO electrolytes.