bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin Permalloy/PMN-PT interface
Authors: Nan Tianxiang , Zhou Ziyao , Liu Ming , Yang Xi , Gao Yuan , Assaf Badih A. , Lin Hwaider , Velu Siddharth , Wang Xinjun , Luo Haosu , Chen Jimmy , Akhtar Saad , Hu Edward , Rajiv Rohit , Krishnan Kavin , Sreedhar Shalini , Heiman Don , Howe Brandon M. , Brown Gail J. , Sun Nian X. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractStrain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling are expected in ultra-thin ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multiferroic heterostructures, which could lead to significantly enhanced magnetoelectric coupling. It is however challenging to observe the combined strain charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling and difficult in quantitatively distinguish these two magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. We demonstrated in this work, the quantification of the coexistence of strain and surface charge mediated magnetoelectric coupling on ultra-thin Ni0.79Fe0.21/PMN-PT interface by using a Ni0.79Fe0.21/Cu/PMN-PT heterostructure with only strain-mediated magnetoelectric coupling as a control. The NiFe/PMN-PT heterostructure exhibited a high voltage induced effective magnetic field change of 375 Oe enhanced by the surface charge at the PMN-PT interface. Without the enhancement of the charge-mediated magnetoelectric effect by inserting a Cu layer at the PMN-PT interface, the electric field modification of effective magnetic field was 202 Oe. By distinguishing the magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms, a pure surface charge modification of magnetism shows a strong correlation to polarization of PMN-PT. A non-volatile effective magnetic field change of 104 Oe was observed at zero electric field originates from the different remnant polarization state of PMN-PT. The strain and charge co-mediated magnetoelectric coupling in ultra-thin magnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures could lead to power efficient and non-volatile magnetoelectric devices with enhanced magnetoelectric coupling.
Ranking and combining multiple predictors without labeled data
Authors: Parisi Fabio , Strino Francesco , Nadler Boaz , Kluger Yuval 
Published: January 2014

Significance
A key challenge in a broad range of decision-making and classification problems is how to rank and combine the possibly conflicting suggestions of several advisers of unknown reliability. We provide mathematical insights of striking conceptual simplicity that explain mutual relationships between independent advisers. These insights enable the design of efficient, robust, and reliable methods to rank the advisers’ performances and construct improved predictions in the absence of ground truth. Furthermore, these methods are robust to the presence of small subgroups of malicious advisers (cartels) attempting to veer the combined decisions to their interest.
Oncogenes induce a vimentin filament collapse mediated by HDAC6 that is linked to cell stiffness
Authors: Rathje Li-Sophie Z. , Nordgren Niklas , Pettersson Torbjörn , Rönnlund Daniel , Widengren Jerker , Aspenström Pontus , Gad Annica K. B. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Oncogenes deregulate fundamental cellular functions, which can lead to the development of tumors and metastases. We show that oncogenes change the spatial organization of the vimentin fibers of the intracellular cytoskeleton, induce cell stiffness, and promote the invasive capacity of cells. We further show that this vimentin reorganization and increased cell stiffness requires histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6). Taken together, these data support the concept that oncogenes can induce cellular stiffness via HDAC6-dependent reorganization of the vimentin filament network. These findings—that key molecules in oncogenic cell transformation, such as oncogenes and HDAC6, can modulate cell stiffness—highlight the importance of the need for further investigation of the mechanical properties of cells to better understand the mechanisms behind tumor and metastasis formation.
Structure of an HIV-1–neutralizing antibody target, the lipid-bound gp41 envelope membrane proximal region trimer
Authors: Reardon Patrick N. , Sage Harvey , Dennison S. Moses , Martin Jeffrey W. , Donald Bruce R. , Alam S. Munir , Haynes Barton F. , Spicer Leonard D. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
A major roadblock in the development of an HIV vaccine is the need to develop vaccine regimens that will induce antibodies that bind to conserved regions of the HIV envelope and neutralize many different virus quasispecies. One such envelope target is at the region closest to the membrane, the glycoprotein (gp) 41 membrane proximal external region (MPER). Previous work has demonstrated that antibodies that target this region bind both to the gp41 polypeptide and to the adjacent viral membrane. However, what has been missing is a view of what the MPER-neutralizing epitopes may look like in the context of a trimeric orientation with lipids. We have constructed an MPER trimer associated with lipids and solved the trimer structure by NMR spectroscopy.
Notch signaling regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration
Authors: Zhao Long , Borikova Asya L. , Ben-Yair Raz , Guner-Ataman Burcu , MacRae Calum A. , Lee Richard T. , Burns C. Geoffrey , Burns Caroline E. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Heart failure is a term used to describe the heart’s inability to pump sufficient oxygen-rich blood throughout the body. This condition is commonly caused by the loss of heart muscle cells termed cardiomyocytes that results from a heart attack. As one of the least regenerative organs in the human body, the heart fails to regenerate damaged cardiomyocytes, forms a noncontractile scar instead, and progressively fails. Unlike mammals, adult zebrafish robustly regenerate their hearts following injury through division of uninjured cardiomyocytes, thus providing an opportunity to dissect innate cardiac regenerative mechanisms. Here, we provide evidence that Notch signaling is required for cardiomyocyte division and heart regeneration in zebrafish and, therefore, highlight a genetic determinant of natural heart renewal.
Deletion of conserved protein phosphatases reverses defects associated with mitochondrial DNA damage inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Garipler Görkem , Mutlu Nebibe , Lack Nathan A. , Dunn Cory D. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceThe mitochondrion harbors a genome inherited from its prokaryotic ancestor. Damage to mtDNA causes severe consequences for the cell. Disease-causing mtDNA mutations can be inherited, or harmful changes in the mitochondrial genome can accumulate during treatment with anticancer or antiviral agents. Furthermore, mutation of mtDNA correlates with and may have a causal role in aging. We have used a single-celled organism in which many studies of mitochondrial function have been performed to investigate how pathways that sense the nutritional status of the cell determine the consequences of mtDNA damage. We found that the deletion of two protein phosphatases conserved across many eukaryotes has greatly beneficial effects on cells lacking a mitochondrial genome, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial disease.
Carlactone is an endogenous biosynthetic precursor for strigolactones
Authors: Seto Yoshiya , Sado Aika , Asami Kei , Hanada Atsushi , Umehara Mikihisa , Akiyama Kohki , Yamaguchi Shinjiro 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceStrigolactones (SLs) were initially characterized as root-derived signals for parasitic and symbiotic interactions with root parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, respectively. SLs were later shown to act as endogenous hormones that regulate shoot branching. Carlactone (CL) was identified as a product of three SL biosynthetic enzymes in vitro, and therefore a putative biosynthetic precursor for SLs. However, it was neither detected from plant tissues, nor was the conversion of CL to SL demonstrated in vivo. In this paper, we show that13C-labeled CL is converted to SLs in vivo, and that endogenous CL is successfully identified from rice andArabidopsis. These results demonstrate that CL is a true biosynthetic precursor for SLs.
C3 opsonization regulates endocytic handling of apoptotic cells resulting in enhanced T-cell responses to cargo-derived antigens
Authors: Baudino Lucie , Sardini Alessandro , Ruseva Marieta M. , Fossati-Jimack Liliane , Cook H. Terence , Scott Diane , Simpson Elizabeth , Botto Marina 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceActivation of the complement system, a network of circulating and surface-bound molecules, is known to enhance humoral immunity. However, paradoxically, the lack of some complement components (mainly C1q and C4), but not C3, is associated with the development of autoimmunity. Prior studies have suggested that this association could be explained by the role of complement in the disposal of dying cells that are a potential source of autoantigens. This study demonstrates that C3 bound to dying cells can direct the intracellular route of the cargo and modulate the subsequent T-cell response to antigens displayed on dying cells. These results uncover a new role of C3 and have important implications for our understanding of the role of complement in health and disease.
Estrogen receptor α polymorphism in a species with alternative behavioral phenotypes
Authors: Horton Brent M. , Hudson William H. , Ortlund Eric A. , Shirk Sandra , Thomas James W. , Young Emily R. , Zinzow-Kramer Wendy M. , Maney Donna L. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
In this series of studies, we provide a rare illustration of how a chromosomal polymorphism has affected overt social behavior in a vertebrate. White-throated sparrows occur in two alternative phenotypes, or morphs, distinguished by a chromosomal rearrangement. That the morphs differ in territorial and parental behavior has been known for decades, but how the rearrangement affects behavior is not understood. Here we show that genetic differentiation between the morphs affects the transcription of a gene well known to be involved in social behavior. We then show that in a free-living population, the neural expression of this gene predicts both territorial and parental behavior. We hypothesize that this mechanism has played a causal role in the evolution of alternative life-history strategies.
Crystal structure of the essential transcription antiterminator M2-1 protein of human respiratory syncytial virus and implications of its phosphorylation
Authors: Tanner Sian J. , Ariza Antonio , Richard Charles-Adrien , Kyle Hannah F. , Dods Rachel L. , Blondot Marie-Lise , Wu Weining , Trincão José , Trinh Chi H. , Hiscox Julian A. , Carroll Miles W. , Silman Nigel J. , Eléouët Jean-François , Edwards Thomas A. , Barr John N. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceHuman respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness in young children; however, no vaccine exists and current immunoprophylaxis regimes are both expensive and incompletely protective. We report the crystal structure of the HRSV M2-1 transcription factor that is essential for virus gene expression and thus growth. This structure reveals how M2-1 forms an extremely stable tetramer and has allowed us to pinpoint the location of critical regions that regulate M2-1 activity, providing insight into its function. This structure may represent a potent target for new antiviral compounds.
Drosha-independent DGCR8/Pasha pathway regulates neuronal morphogenesis
Authors: Luhur Arthur , Chawla Geetanjali , Wu Yen-Chi , Li Jing , Sokol Nicholas S. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Understanding the neuronal functions of diverse RNA pathways will lead to treatments of human neurological diseases that are caused by perturbations in RNA metabolism. Two proteins, Drosha and Pasha/DGCR8, play important roles in neurons, where they are responsible for the biogenesis of many microRNAs. Here, we show that Pasha/DGCR8 also promotes the morphogenesis of neurons in developing fruit flies independently of Drosha and therefore of most microRNA production. These studies therefore illuminate a novel function of Pasha that is medically relevant, because loss of the human ortholog of Pasha may contribute to cognitive and behavioral disorders associated with DiGeorge syndrome.
Neural representation of expected value in the adolescent brain
Authors: Barkley-Levenson Emily , Galván Adriana 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The brain undergoes significant maturation during adolescence that influences reward sensitivity and risk-taking behavior. However, it is unknown if the adolescent brain truly values rewards in a way that is unique from the mature brain or if confounding factors contribute to this developmental difference. Here we show that adolescents place greater value on rewards than do adults through exaggerated activation of the ventral striatum and that this valuation increases gambling behavior. This developmental effect remains even when controlling for income and task performance. We also find that heightened reward sensitivity leads to more advantageous risk-taking in adolescents versus adults. These data provide behavioral and neural evidence for ontogenetic differences in how value computation is used to bias reward-related behavior during adolescence.
Thymocyte apoptosis drives the intrathymic generation of regulatory T cells
Authors: Konkel Joanne E. , Jin Wenwen , Abbatiello Brittany , Grainger John R. , Chen WanJun 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs) are vital to maintaining immune homeostasis, and as such the signals driving their development have been extensively studied. Despite this, a cohesive model describing tTreg generation and aligning all conflicting data has been elusive. Here we outline a comprehensive model controlling the generation of tTregs and show that tTreg generation is tied to thymic apoptosis. We show that the presence of apoptotic cells in the thymus drives the production of TGFβ intrathymically and that this cytokine then acts to specify the tTreg fate. Thus, our results reveal an apoptosis–TGFβ–Foxp3 axis that mediates the development of tTregs.
Near-infrared–actuated devices for remotely controlled drug delivery
Authors: Timko Brian P. , Arruebo Manuel , Shankarappa Sahadev A. , McAlvin J. Brian , Okonkwo Obiajulu S. , Mizrahi Boaz , Stefanescu Cristina F. , Gomez Leyre , Zhu Jia , Zhu Angela , Santamaria Jesus , Langer Robert , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceDevices that release a drug in response to a remote trigger would enable on-demand control of the timing and dose of drug released. They would allow the patient or physician to adjust therapy precisely to a target effect, thus improving treatment and reducing toxicity. We have developed implantable reservoirs that release a drug when irradiated with near-infrared laser light. The release rate was correlated to laser intensity, with negligible leakage between doses. Devices containing aspart, a fast-acting analog of insulin, were implanted in diabetic rats and were able to achieve glycemic control upon irradiation. Such devices can be loaded with a wide range of drugs to treat a variety of clinical indications.
Ndfip1 mediates peripheral tolerance to self and exogenous antigen by inducing cell cycle exit in responding CD4+T cells
Authors: Altin John A. , Daley Stephen R. , Howitt Jason , Rickards Helen J. , Batkin Alison K. , Horikawa Keisuke , Prasad Simon J. , Nelms Keats A. , Kumar Sharad , Wu Lawren C. , Tan Seong-Seng , Cook Matthew C. , Goodnow Christopher C. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceAdvances in organ transplantation and treatment of allergy and autoimmune disease hinge upon harnessing a physiological switch that allows T cells to decide between proliferating extensively or actively becoming tolerant. The experiments presented here illuminate a critical element of this natural switch, Ndfip1 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4 family-interacting protein 1), a partner protein of ubiquitin ligases induced during the first several divisions after T cells encounter antigen. They define the cellular action of Ndfip1 in vivo, acting within dividing helper T cells that have responded to innocuous foreign or self-antigen that should normally be tolerated, to force their exit from cell cycle before they have divided so many times that they acquire tissue-damaging effector functions.
Sub-10-nm intracellular bioelectronic probes from nanowire–nanotube heterostructures
Authors: Fu Tian-Ming , Duan Xiaojie , Jiang Zhe , Dai Xiaochuan , Xie Ping , Cheng Zengguang , Lieber Charles M. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The miniaturization of bioelectronic probes to enable interrogation of small subcellular structures could impact significantly biology and medicine. This paper describes the design, fabrication, and demonstration of the sub-10-nm bioelectronic devices by exploiting a unique three-dimension nanowire–nanotube structure, where a nanowire detector is synthetically integrated with a nanotube probe. Devices with nanotube probe dimensions as small as 5 nm, which approach the size of a single ion channel, have been realized. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations show that these devices have sufficient time resolution to record the fastest electrical signals in neurons and other cells. Measurement of the cell transmembrane resting potential with these ultrasmall bioelectronic devices further demonstrates their capability for intracellular electrophysiology studies.
Impacts of Kafirin Allelic Diversity, Starch Content, and Protein Digestibility on Ethanol Conversion Efficiency in Grain Sorghum
Authors: Cremer Julia E. , Liu Liman , Bean Scott R. , Ohm Jae‐Bom , Tilley Michael , Wilson Jeff D. , Kaufman Rhett C. , Vu Thanh H. , Gilding Edward K. , Godwin Ian D. , Wang Donghai 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTSeed protein and starch composition determine the efficiency of the fermentation process in the production of grain‐based ethanol. Sorghum, a highly water‐ and nutrient‐efficient plant, provides an alternative to fuel crops with greater irrigation and fertilizer requirements, such as maize. However, sorghum grain is generally less digestible because of extensive disulfide cross‐linking among sulfur‐rich storage proteins in the protein– starch matrix. Thus, the fine structure and composition of the seed endosperm directly impact grain end use, including fermentation performance. To test the hypothesis that kafirin (prolamin) seed storage proteins specifically influence the efficiency of ethanol production from sorghum, 10 diverse genetic lines with allelic variation in the β‐, γ‐, and (δ‐kafirins, including three β‐kafirin null mutants, were tested for ethanol yield and fermentation efficiency. Our selected lines showed wide variation in grain biochemical features, including total protein (9.96–16.47%), starch (65.52–74.29%), and free amino nitrogen (FAN) (32.84–73.51 mg/L). Total ethanol yield (ranging from 384 to 426 L/metric ton), was positively correlated to starch content (R2 = 0.74), and there was a slight positive correlation between protein digestibility and ethanol yield (R2 = 0.52). Increases in FAN content enhanced fermentation efficiency (R2 = 0.65). The highest ethanol producer was elite staygreen breeding line B923296, and the line with the highest fermentation efficiency at the 72 h time point was inbred BT×623. A large‐seeded genotype, KS115, carrying a novel γ‐kafirin allele, was rich in FAN and exhibited excellent short‐term fermentation efficiency at 85.68% at the 20 h time point. However, the overall ethanol yield from this line was comparatively low at 384 L/metric ton, because of insufficient starch, low digestibility, and high crude protein. Multivariate analysis indicated an association between the β‐kafirin allele and variation in grain digestibility (P = 0.042) and FAN (P = 0.036), with subsequent effects on ethanol yield. Reversed‐phase HPLC profiling of the alcohol‐soluble kafirin protein fraction revealed diversity in protein content and composition across the lines, with similarities in peak distribution profiles among β‐kafirin null mutants compared with normal lines.
Impact of Elevated Nighttime Air Temperatures During Kernel Development on Starch Properties of Field‐Grown Rice
Authors: Patindol James A. , Siebenmorgen Terry J. , Wang Ya‐Jane , Lanning Sarah B. , Counce Paul A. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe structural features of starch were examined to better understand the causes of variability in rice quality resulting from nighttime air temperature (NTAT) incidence during kernel development. Starch samples were isolated from head rice of four cultivars (Bengal, Cypress, LaGrue, and XL723) field‐grown in four Arkansas locations (Keiser, Pine Tree, Rohwer, and Stuttgart) in 2009 and 2010. Average NTATs recorded during the grain‐filling stages of rice reproductive growth in the four locations were 3.0–8.4°C greater in 2010 than 2009. Elevated NTATs altered the deposition of starch in the rice endosperm. Means pooled across cultivars and locations showed that amylose content was 3.1% (percentage points) less for the 2010 sample set. The elevated NTATs in 2010 resulted in a decrease in the percentage of amylopectin short chains (DP ≤ 18) and a corresponding increase in the percentage of long chains (DP ≥ 19) by an average of 1.3% (percentage points). The greater NTATs in 2010 also produced greater starch paste peak, final, and breakdown viscosities, whereas setback and total setback viscosities decreased. Changes in paste viscosity were highly correlated with the changes in the proportion of amylose and amylopectin. Onset gelatinization temperature was greater by 3.5°C, gelatinization enthalpy by 1.3 J/g, and relative crystallinity by 1.5% (percentage points) for the 2010 sample set. Changes in gelatinization parameters and granule relative crystallinity were highly correlated with the changes in amylopectin chain‐length distribution. Year × cultivar × location interaction effects were statistically insignificant, indicating that the four cultivars evaluated all showed some degree of susceptibility to the effects of temperature incidence during kernel development, regardless of the growing location.
Vitamin D Status and Adequacy of Standard Supplementation in Preterm Neonates From South India
Authors: Tergestina Mintoo , Jose Arun , Sridhar Santhanam , Job Victoria , Rebekah Grace , Kuruvilla Kurien A. , Thomas Niranjan 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to assess vitamin D status of preterm babies at birth and adequacy of daily supplementation with vitamin D.Methods:This prospective cohort study recruited 111 preterm babies, 25 to 32 weeks' gestation from a tertiary care perinatal center in south India. Cord blood was assayed for serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). All of the babies were fed unfortified breast‐milk and supplemented daily with calcium, phosphate, and 400 IU of vitamin D. At 6 weeks serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25(OH)D levels were estimated.Results:Of 111 preterm babies recruited, a total of 90 (81%) of the preterm babies were followed up until 6 weeks. The median (interquartile range) vitamin D level in the preterm group was 34.7 (25.6–50.1) and 19.3 (13.9–27.1) ng/mL at birth and 6 weeks, respectively. Using a cutoff value of <20 ng/mL to determine vitamin D insufficiency (VDI), it was observed that 12.6% of the babies were vitamin D insufficient at birth. This increased to 52.2% at 6 weeks despite the recommended supplementation with vitamin D (P < 0.001).Conclusions:The prevalence of VDI was not high at birth; however, a large proportion of preterm babies were vitamin D insufficient at 6 weeks despite being supplemented with vitamin D 400 IU/day. The recommended vitamin D supplementation of 400 IU appears to be inadequate to prevent VDI, and hence randomized controlled trials looking at higher doses of vitamin D supplementation are needed.