bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the association between early life social adversity and BMI changes in childhood: a life course trajectory analysis
Authors: Morris T. T. , Northstone K. , Howe L. D. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundA number of studies have found associations between multiple aspects of social adversity and obesity in childhood, yet this research has largely been limited to cross‐sectional data.ObjectivesThis study aimed to address this limitation by using life course trajectory methods to determine whether multiple aspects of social adversity in early childhood are associated with changes in body mass index (BMI) throughout childhood.MethodsAssociations between multiple measures of social adversity from birth to 4 years and subsequent BMI trajectories to age 17 were examined in 7021 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.ResultsHigher BMI throughout ages 12–17 were observed for children whose parents had separated, were exposed to frequent residential mobility or who experienced moderate or great household financial difficulty in early childhood. After adjustment for confounding variables, associations were attenuated but remained for both moderate (two moves) and high (≥3 moves) residential mobility (mean % difference in BMI at age 17 for children experiencing moderate and high residential mobility before age 4 compared with those experiencing no moves: 2.3; 95% CI: 0.5–4.2; P = 0.015 and 4.2; 95% CI: 1.4–7.0; P = 0.004, respectively).ConclusionsAssociations between BMI and social adversity in childhood are present but largely explained by background socioeconomic position. However, there remain small but important differences between the BMI of children who are exposed to frequent residential mobility in early childhood after adjustment for socioeconomic and other confounders.
How glaucoma patient characteristics, self-efficacy and patient–provider communication are associated with eye drop technique
Authors: Sayner Robyn , Carpenter Delesha M , Robin Alan L , Blalock Susan J , Muir Kelly W , Vitko Michelle , Hartnett Mary Elizabeth , Lawrence Scott D , Giangiacomo Annette L , Tudor Gail , Goldsmith Jason A , Sleath Betsy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which patient characteristics, eye drop technique self-efficacy, and ophthalmologist–patient communication about eye drop administration are associated with glaucoma patients' ability to instil a single drop, have the drop land in the eye, and avoid touching the applicator tip of the medication bottle to the eye or face while self-administering eye drops.

Methods
Glaucoma patients (n = 279) were recruited from six ophthalmology clinics. Medical visits were videotape-recorded. Afterwards, patients were interviewed and demonstrated administering an eye drop on a videotaped-recording. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the data.

Key findings
Ophthalmologists provided eye drop administration instruction to 40 patients. Patients with more years of education were significantly more likely to both instil a single drop (P = 0.017) and have the drop land in their eye (P = 0.017). Women were significantly more likely to touch the applicator tip to their eyes or face (P = 0.014). Patients with severe glaucoma (P = 0.016), women (P = 0.026), and patients who asked at least one eye drop administration question (P = 0.001) were significantly less likely to instil a single drop. Patients with arthritis were significantly less likely to have the drop land in their eye (P = 0.008). African American patients were significantly less likely to touch the applicator tip to their eyes or face (P = 0.008).

Conclusions
Some glaucoma patients have a difficult time self-administering eye drops. As so few patients received eye drop administration instruction from their providers, there is an opportunity for pharmacists to complement care.
Vemurafenib‐associated Dupuytren‐ and Ledderhose palmoplantar fibromatosis in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Vandersleyen V. , Grosber M. , Wilgenhof S. , De Kock J. , Neyns B. , Gutermuth J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe BRAF‐inhibitor vemurafenib, used in patients with metastatic melanoma, induces multiple cutaneous side‐effects.ObjectiveThe aim of this work was to evaluate the development of palmoplantar fibromatosis in a population of patients treated with the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib.MethodsBetween April 2011 and February 2013, we initiated a treatment with vemurafenib in 53 patients with an unresectable stage IIIC or stage IV melanoma. The patients were followed‐up on a regular base to monitor possible side‐effects.ResultsA plantar or palmar fibromatosis was observed in five of 53 patients treated with vemurafenib. In four of these patients other risk factors for the development of palmoplantar fibromatosis were absent.ConclusionThe BRAF‐inhibitor vemurafenib might induce palmoplantar fibromatosis.
Comparison of ambulatory blood pressure measurement with home, office and pharmacy measurements: is arterial blood pressure measured at pharmacy reliable?
Authors: Mutlu Sinan , Sari Oktay , Arslan Erol , Aydogan Umit , Doganer Yusuf C. , Koc Bayram 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesStandardizing arterial blood pressure (BP) measurement is difficult because of different performers like doctor or pharmacy employee. We investigated the reliability between different BP measurement methods.MethodsThe study was conducted in an internal medicine service with 160 patients in Ankara, Turkey. First, the subjects' BP was measured by doctor. Then, 24‐hour BP monitoring devices were placed. Participants were then instructed to measure their BPs both at home and in pharmacy. The next day, arterial BP was measured by the doctor for the second time.ResultsThe prevalence rates of masked and white coat hypertension were 8.8% (n = 14) and 8.1% (n = 13), respectively. There was no statistically significant differences between ambulatory measurement and home, office and pharmacy measurements (P > 0.05). The consistency rate between ambulatory and home measurements was 97.5% (kappa = 0.947, P < 0.001). The consistency rate between ambulatory and pharmacy measurements was 82.5% (kappa = 0.634, P < 0.001). When compared with ambulatory measurement, the most sensitive (98.0%) and most specific (96.8%) method was home measurement. There was a moderate positive correlation between ambulatory and other measurements in both systolic and diastolic values. There was a positive and very strong correlation between ambulatory and home measurements of systolic and diastolic ABP values (respectively; r = 0.926 and r = 0.968) and there was a statistically significant relation between these measurements (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results of all measurement methods were close to each other. The most sensitive and specific method was home measurement when compared with ambulatory measurement. But both office and pharmacy measurements had also high sensitivity and specificity.
Facial rejuvenation starts in the midface: three‐dimensional volumetric facial rejuvenation has beneficial effects on nontreated neighboring esthetic units
Authors: Wollina Uwe 
Published: August 2015

SummaryFacial aging is a major indication for minimal invasive esthetic procedures. Dermal fillers are a cornerstone in the approach for facial sculpturing. But where to start? Our concept is midfacial volume restoration in first place. This will result in a healthy and youthful appearance creating a facial V‐shape. But midfacial filler injection does not only improve the malar area. It has also beneficial effects on neighboring esthetic units. We report on such improvements in periocular and nasolabial region, upper lips and perioral tissue, and the jaw line and discuss anatomical background. We hypothesize that midfacial deep filler injections also may activate subdermal white adipose tissue stem cells contributing to longer lasting rejuvenation.
Foreign body reactions may not influence the keloid recurrence
Authors: Park Tae Hwan , Lee Boram , Park Ji Hae , Rah Dong Kyun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPurposeThe foreign body reactions are comprised of macrophages and foreign body giant cells and are considered possible risk factors for recurrence in several conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pathologically proven foreign body reactions on the recurrence of the auricular keloids.MethodsThis study was carried out in 76 cases in 70 patients reaching the pathologic diagnosis of auricular keloids from March 2006 to February 2012. Patients with auricular keloids were included in the study according to the following criteria: The keloid scar was caused by ear piercing and confirmed pathologically; surgical excision with primary closure was performed; and female patients who have not underwent any previous treatments. To compare any differences of recurrence rate between categorical variables (the presence/absence of foreign body reactions), Fisher's exact tests were used. All patients completed the treatment protocol with a follow‐up interval of 18 months.ResultsOf these patients, 90.9% (69 keloids) had successful irradication of their auricular keloids, whereas 9.2% (seven keloids) had recurrences. Of the seven recurrent cases, two exhibited foreign body reactions at pathology, while five revealed no foreign body reactions (28.6% vs. 71.4%, P = 0.092).ConclusionsDetection of foreign body reactions in keloid tissue may not predict recurrence in auricular keloids.
LAND BANK 2.0: AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION
Authors: Whitaker Stephan , Fitzpatrick Thomas J. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTIn 2009, Cuyahoga County, Ohio (Cleveland and 58 suburbs), established a land bank to acquire low‐value properties, mitigate blighted housing, and slow the decline of property values. This empirical study evaluates the effectiveness of the land bank by estimating spatially corrected hedonic price models using sales near the land‐bank homes. The land bank reduces the negative externalities of the properties it acquires. Its largest impact is the preservation of equity in unsold homes. We also estimate the recovered value for homes sold during the study period and the property tax revenue that may have been forgone, absent the land bank.
Trauma in children due to wheeled recreational devices
Authors: Kaddis Mina , Stockton Kellie , Kimble Roy 
Published: August 2015

AimThe aim of this study was to describe trauma in children secondary to the use of wheeled recreational devices (WRDs).MethodsThis study retrospectively described trauma secondary to use of WRDs sustained by children 16 years or younger over a period of 12 months at two tertiary paediatric hospitals in Brisbane, Queensland. Data were analysed from the Paediatric Trauma Registry at these two facilities. Data were also retrieved from The Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian to provide information regarding deaths in Queensland from the use of WRDs for the period January 2004 to September 2013. Outcome measures included age, gender, types of injuries, Injury Severity Scores, admission to Intensive Care, and length of hospital stay for all hospital admissions greater than 24 h.ResultsA total number of 45 children were admitted with trauma relating to WRDs during the 12 months, representing 5.3% of all trauma admissions of greater than 24 h during this time period. Of these, 34 were male with a median age of 11.0 years (IQR = 9–13). Limbs accounted for the majority (54.5%) of injuries, with other common injuries being spine/cranial fractures (14.5%), lacerations (12.7%), internal organ injuries (9.1%), and intracranial bleeds (9.1%). There were six admissions to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and one death.ConclusionsWRDs contribute significantly to injuries sustained by children. A large proportion of these injuries may be preventable, suggesting that mandating the use of protective equipment in Queensland may be of great benefit.
Understanding decisions made about hepatitis C treatment by couples who inject drugs
Authors: Treloar C. , Rance J. , Bryant J. , Fraser S. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryEfforts to increase the number of people having hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment require understanding how to best deliver services to meet consumers' needs. The general health literature has examined the role that partners can play in supporting health outcomes. This study examines the experiences of couples who inject drugs in relation to knowledge of, decisions about and management of HCV treatment. This is a qualitative interview study of people who inject drugs in couples. Participants were recruited from harm reduction services in two major Australian cities. Couples were interviewed separately. Data were examined using the couple as the unit of analysis and to identify patterns of experience related to the HCV serostatus of couples. Knowledge of HCV and HCV treatment was low and variable but showed some relationship to serostatus. Decisions about HCV treatment were deeply informed by concerns regarding treatment side effects. Positive concordant couples considered ‘staging’ treatment to ensure that each partner could (in turn) care for the other. People with HCV in serodiscordant relationships may need specific support regarding HCV treatment information. Within positive concordant partnerships, our data indicated the need to support the HCV‐positive ‘carer’ during their partner's treatment. Changing treatment regimens, and their anticipated lower side effect profiles, will need to be actively promoted to ensure that couples understand how these changes affect their treatment options.
Phenotypic heterogeneity and temporal expression of the capsular polysaccharide in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: George Shilpa E. , Nguyen Tran , Geiger Tobias , Weidenmaier Christopher , Lee Jean C. , Liese Jan , Wolz Christiane 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBacteria respond to ever‐changing environments through several adaptive strategies. This includes mechanisms leading to a high degree of phenotypic variability within a genetically homogeneous population. In Staphylococcus aureus, the capsular polysaccharide (CP) protects against phagocytosis, but also impedes adherence to endothelial cells and/or matrix proteins. We analysed the regulation of core biosynthesis genes (capA‐P) necessary for CP synthesis using single‐cell assays (immunofluorescence and promoter‐activity). In persistent human carriers, we found a distinct subpopulation of nasal S. aureus to be CP positive. In vitro, cap expression is also heterogeneous and strongly growth‐phase dependent. We asked whether this peculiar expression pattern (earlyOff/lateHeterogen) is orchestrated by the quorum system Agr. We show that the Agr‐driven effector molecule RNAIII promotes cap expression largely via inactivation of the repressor Rot. High NaCl, deletion of CodY or Sae also resulted in higher cap expression but did not change the earlyOFF/lateHeterogen expression pattern. Activity of the quorum system itself is largely homogenous and does not account for the observed heterogeneity of cap expression or the strictly growth phase dependent expression. Our findings are in contrast to the prevailing view that quorum sensing is the main driving force for virulence gene expression when bacterial cell densities increase.
A repeat sequence domain of the ring‐exported protein‐1 of Plasmodium falciparum controls export machinery architecture and virulence protein trafficking
Authors: McHugh Emma , Batinovic Steven , Hanssen Eric , McMillan Paul J. , Kenny Shannon , Griffin Michael D. W. , Crawford Simon , Trenholme Katharine R. , Gardiner Donald L. , Dixon Matthew W. A. , Tilley Leann 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum dramatically remodels its host red blood cell to enhance its own survival, using a secretory membrane system that it establishes outside its own cell. Cisternal organelles, called Maurer's clefts, act as a staging point for the forward trafficking of virulence proteins to the red blood cell (RBC) membrane. The Ring‐EXported Protein‐1 (REX1) is a Maurer's cleft resident protein. We show that inducible knockdown of REX1 causes stacking of Maurer's cleft cisternae without disrupting the organization of the knob‐associated histidine‐rich protein at the RBC membrane. Genetic dissection of the REX1 sequence shows that loss of a repeat sequence domain results in the formation of giant Maurer's cleft stacks. The stacked Maurer's clefts are decorated with tether‐like structures and retain the ability to dock onto the RBC membrane skeleton. The REX1 mutant parasites show deficient export of the major virulence protein, PfEMP1, to the red blood cell surface and markedly reduced binding to the endothelial cell receptor, CD36. REX1 is predicted to form a largely α‐helical structure, with a repetitive charge pattern in the repeat sequence domain, providing potential insights into the role of REX1 in Maurer's cleft sculpting.
Assessment of colon and bladder crosstalk in an experimental colitis model using contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Towner R. A. , Smith N. , Saunders D. , Van Gordon S. B. , Tyler K. R. , Wisniewski A. B. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B. , Hurst R. E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of two chronic remitting‐relapsing inflammatory disorders in the colon referred to as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (CD). Inflammatory bowel disease affects about 1.4 million Americans. 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis is a widely used model of experimental intestinal inflammation with characteristic transmural and segmental lesions that are similar to CD.MethodsHere, we report on the use of contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) to monitor in vivo bladder permeability changes resulting from bladder crosstalk following colon TNBS exposure, and TNBS‐induced colitis. Changes in MRI signal intensities and histology were evaluated for both colon and bladder regions.Key ResultsUptake of contrast agent in the colon demonstrated a significant increase in signal intensity (SI) for TNBS‐exposed rats (p < 0.01) compared to controls. In addition, a significant increase in bladder SI for colon TNBS‐exposed rats (p < 0.001) was observed compared to saline controls. Histological damage within the colon was observed, however, bladder histology indicated a normal urothelium in rats with TNBS‐induced colitis, despite increased permeability seen by CE‐MRI.Conclusions & InferencesContrast‐enhanced MRI was able to quantitatively measure inflammation associated with TNBS‐induced colitis, and assess bladder crosstalk measured as an increase in urothelial permeability. Although CE‐MRI is routinely used to assess inflammation with IBD, currently there is no diagnostic test to assess bladder crosstalk with this disease, and our developed method may be useful in providing crosstalk information between organ and tissue systems in IBD patients, in addition to colitis.
Effect of schistosomiasis on CX3CR1‐expressing mononuclear phagocytes in the ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes of the mouse
Authors: Alpaerts K. , Buckinx R. , Cools N. , Heylen M. , Nullens S. , Berneman Z. , De Winter B. , Adriaensen D. , Van Nassauw L. , Timmermans J.‐P. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal dendritic cells (DCs) maintain immune homeostasis, only initiating an active immune response against invading pathogens. However, little information is available on the reaction of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) to intestinal trematode infection, a reaction equally important in helminth‐based therapies. The CD11c+ CX3CR1+ F4/80− DCs in the ileal lamina propria (LP) of the mouse were proven to migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). We analyzed all MNP subsets present in the mouse LP and MLNs, under steady‐state conditions and during acute Schistosoma mansoni‐induced inflammation. Furthermore, we studied the uptake of schistosomal antigens by MNP in vivo in the LP and MLNs.MethodsUsing a combination of immunohistochemistry and multiparametric flow cytometry, we investigated distributional changes of the MNP during acute intestinal schistosomiasis. Next, S. mansoni‐derived products, i.e., S. mansoni soluble worm proteins (SmSWP) and S. mansoni soluble egg antigens (SmSEA) were intraperitoneally injected into CX3CR1+/GFP C57BL/6 mice and antigen uptake was analyzed using confocal microscopy.Key ResultsThe CD11c+ CX3CR1+ F4/80− DCs significantly increased during intestinal schistosomiasis in the LP and MLNs. Only CX3CR1‐expressing DC and MФ subsets, but not other LP DCs, are involved in both SmSWP and SmSEA antigen uptake and processing.Conclusions & inferencesThe significant upregulation of CD11c+ CX3CR1+ F4/80− DCs during intestinal schistosomiasis and the restriction of phagocytosis of parasitic antigens to CX3CR1‐expresssing MNP indicate a crucial role for this immune cell niche in response to trematodiasis. These findings add insight into the functional specialization of LP immune cells and add to the understanding of cellular mechanisms behind helminth‐based therapies.
Changes in the response to excitatory antagonists, agonists, and spasmolytic agents in circular colonic smooth muscle strips from patients with diverticulosis
Authors: Alvarez‐Berdugo D. , Espín F. , Arenas C. , López I. , Clavé P. , Gallego D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundColonic samples from asymptomatic diverticulosis (DS) patients presented enhanced electrical field stimulation (EFS)‐contractions, in an earlier study of ours, suggesting increased endogenous responses. The aim of this study was to explore changes in excitatory neuromuscular transmission and to assess the pharmacodynamics of spasmolytic agents in DS.MethodsCircular muscle strips from sigmoid colon of DS patients (n = 30; 69.5 ± 14.8 years) and controls (n = 32; 64.7 ± 16.2 years) were studied using organ baths to evaluate the direct effect of excitatory agonists (carbachol, neurokinin A [NKA] and substance P [SP]), and the effect of antagonists (atropine and NK2 antagonist GR94800) and spasmolytic drugs (otilonium bromide [OB] and N‐butyl‐hyoscine) on the contractions induced by EFS‐stimulation of excitatory motorneurons. qRT‐PCR was also performed to compare mRNA expression of M2, M3, NK2 receptors and L‐type calcium channels.Key ResultsContractions to carbachol (Emax: 663.7 ± 305.6% control vs 2698.0 ± 439.5% DS; p < 0.0005) and NKA (Emax: 387.8 ± 35.6% vs 1102.0 ± 190.1%; p < 0.0005) were higher in DS group, without differences for SP. Higher potency for DS patients was observed in the concentration‐response curves for atropine (pIC50 = 8.56 ± 0.15 control vs pIC50 = 9.95 ± 0.18 DS group; p < 0.005) and slightly higher for GR94800 (pIC50 = 7.21 ± 0.18 control vs pIC50 = 7.97 ± 0.32 group; p < 0.0001). Lower efficacy (Emax) and potency (pIC50) was observed for spasmolytic drugs in DS, whereas no differences were found regarding the relative expression of the receptors evaluated between groups.Conclusions & InferencesThe greater response to cholinergic and tachykinergic agonists and greater potency for muscarinic and NK2 antagonists observed in DS might play a role in the spasticity found in diverticular disease.