bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Data‐driven observability analysis and enhancement for radome slope estimation with constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration
Authors: Jin Bingyu , Lu Kelin , Lu Yuping 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe authors address the problem of observability analysis and enhancement for missiles equipped with strapdown seekers, especially considering the line‐of‐sight angle‐only measurements and the constraints on impact angle and terminal acceleration. First, based on the generalised polynomial chaos expansion, a novel data‐driven observability analysis method is proposed to quantitatively analyse the observability of the radome aberration estimation system in real time, including the observability condition, the observability degree of each state and the effect of stochastic noises. The results show that under conventional proportional navigation guidance, the radome aberration estimation system is weakly observable with line‐of‐sight angle‐only measurements. To address this problem, a novel manoeuvre algorithm, the observability‐enhanced guidance law, is introduced to enhance the system observability within specified constraints, thereby improving the estimation performance. This guidance law incorporates a bias term to meet terminal constraints, and optimises the navigation gain using the proposed observability indices. Simulations are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law in conjunction with a target state estimator.
Potential eines telemedizinischen, sektorenübergreifenden
Versorgungskonzeptes zur Qualitätssteigerung der Gesundheitsversorgung aus
Nutzersicht – eine Akzeptanzanalyse der TELnet@NRW Studie
Authors: Schmidhuber Carolin , Strotbaum Veronika , Beckers Rainer , Hempen Annette , Benstöm Carina , Marx Gernot , Dohmen Sandra 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Messung der Akzeptanz eines telemedizinischen,
sektorenübergreifenden Versorgungskonzeptes seitens Ärzte, Patienten und
Angehörigen ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie. Auf Basis einer quantitativen
Erfassung der Akzeptanz sollen sowohl das Potential als auch Erfolgsfaktoren,
welche die Nutzung von Telemedizin beeinflussen, herausgestellt werden.
Methodik Die TELnet@NRW Studie ist eine im Zeitraum von Februar 2017 bis
Januar 2020 durchgeführte nationale, multizentrische, cluster-randomisierte
Studie im Stepped-Wedge-Design zwecks Dokumentation der Veränderung der
Behandlungsqualität durch Telemedizin in einem sektorenübergreifenden Netzwerk.
Beratungsgegenstand sind intensivmedizinische und infektiologische
Fragestellungen. Die vorliegende Studie erhob über personengruppenspezifische
Fragebögen die Akzeptanz zu dem in der Hauptstudie praktizierten
telemedizinischen Versorgungskonzept. Die Befragung erfolgte innerhalb des
Berichtszeitraumes einmalig, anonym und auf freiwilliger Basis in digitaler oder
papierbasierter Form.
Ergebnisse Es wurden 126 Fragebögen von Ärzten und 1686 Fragebögen von
Patienten und Angehörigen ausgewertet. In bis zu 88,4% der Fälle messen die
Ärzte beider Sektoren der Telemedizin hohes Potential zur Steigerung
leitliniengerechter Behandlung zu. Einen positiv verstärkenden Erfolgsfaktor
stellt eine vertrauensvolle und wertschätzende Kommunikation in der
telemedizinischen Beratung dar. Durch Telemedizin generierte Arbeitsmehraufwände
wirken hemmend auf die Akzeptanz, insbesondere im stationären Sektor. Eine
Verstetigung der Telemedizin über das Projektende hinaus wird in beiden Sektoren
sowohl ärztlich (stationär 60,6%, ambulant 82,1%) als auch patienten- und
angehörigenseits (stationär 79,7%, ambulant 57,4%) mehrheitlich befürwortet.
Schlussfolgerung Es besteht eine sehr weitreichende Akzeptanz für
telemedizinische, sektorenübergreifende Versorgungskonzepte bei Ärzten,
Patienten und Angehörigen. Aufwandarme Prozesse und eine nutzerzentrierte
Technik sind notwendig, um die Anwendungsrate zu erhöhen. Telemedizin besitzt
das Potential der Verbesserung der Behandlungsqualität und kann als robuster
Baustein zu einer zukunftsfähigen Gesundheitsversorgung in Deutschland
beitragen.
Aspekte der Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie in Deutschland zu
Zeiten der DDR und danach
Authors: Gallistl Adrian , Strauß Bernhard , Kaufmann Marie Theresa , Nussmann Hannah D. , Heller Ayline , Brähler Elmar 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie Es sollten Unterschiede in der tatsächlichen Inanspruchnahme von
Psychotherapie in den Neuen Bundesländern zu DDR-Zeiten und danach untersucht
werden. Darüber hinaus sollten unter Beachtung von Generationeneffekten (Geburt
vor / nach dem 01.01.1980) heutige Differenzen in der
Inanspruchnahmebereitschaft sowie Barrieren der Inanspruchnahme in Einstellung,
Ansichten und Kontakt zu psychisch Kranken zwischen Personen aus den Neuen
Bundesländern, den Alten Bundesländern sowie Personen, die von den Neuen in die
Alten Bundesländer (Binnenmigrant*innen) gezogen sind, erfasst
werden.Methodik Für die Untersuchung der Fragestellung wurden die Daten einer
repräsentativen Befragung in den Neuen Bundesländern an N=2729 Personen sowie
die Daten einer zweiten online-basierten Befragung von Personen aus den Neuen
und Alten Bundesländern sowie Binnenmigrierten mit insgesamt N=4789
Teilnehmenden ausgewertet.Ergebnisse 1% der befragten Personen gab an, zu
DDR-Zeiten Psychotherapie in Anspruch genommen zu haben. Insgesamt lag die
Inanspruchnahme-Prävalenz für Therapieerfahrungen unter den Personen, die die
DDR miterlebten und vor dem 01.01.1980 geboren wurden, bei knapp 13%. Diese
berichteten auch insgesamt von einer stärkeren Inanspruchnahmebereitschaft von
Hilfen bei seelischem Leid seit Ende des Kalten Kriegs. Die Prävalenz bei den
Jüngeren belief sich auf knapp 12%. In der zweiten Befragung zeigten sich bei
den älteren Befragten bedeutsame Unterschiede – so sind Ostdeutsche heute und
waren auch zu DDR-Zeiten in der Rückschau weniger dazu bereit, Psychotherapie
bei seelischem Leid in Anspruch zu nehmen, sie haben auch weniger Kontakt zu
psychisch Erkrankten. Im Hinblick auf Wünsche nach Distanz zu psychisch
Erkrankten, Selbststigmatisierung bei Vorliegen einer psychischen Erkrankung und
Diskriminierung psychisch Erkrankter zeigten sich Unterschiede zwischen
Ostdeutschen, Westdeutschen und Binnenmigrierten je nach
Generationenzugehörigkeit.Diskussion Barrieren, die der Inanspruchnahme von
Psychotherapie entgegenwirken, sind generationen- und sozialisationsspezifisch
zu betrachten. DDR spezifische Sozialisationsfaktoren könnten erklären, warum
gerade ältere Ostdeutsche weniger Bereitschaft zeigen, Psychotherapie in
Anspruch zu nehmen.
Konventionell dosierte oder Hochdosis-Salvagetherapie bei rezidivierten Hodentumoren
Authors: Oing Christoph , Hentrich Marcus 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit metastasierter Keimzelltumorerkrankung haben seit Einführung Cisplatin-basierter Kombinationschemotherapieregime sehr gute Heilungsaussichten von >80%. Trotzdem erleiden knapp 30% der Patienten nach der Erstlinientherapie ein Rezidiv ihrer Erkrankung. Knapp die Hälfte dieser Patienten kann durch platin-basierte Salvagechemotherapie und ggf. anschließende Residualtumorresektion geheilt werden. Für die Salvagechemotherapie kommen entweder erneut konventionell dosierte Cisplatin-basierte Kombinationstherapien oder eine Hochdosischemotherapie mit Carboplatin und Etoposid und nachfolgender autologer Stammzelltransplantation zum Einsatz. Bislang gibt es keine höhergradige Evidenz aus randomisierten Studien, die einen Vorteil für die Hochdosischemotherapie zeigen konnte, jedoch beschreibt eine internationale retrospektive Registerstudie mit knapp 1600 Patienten ein ca. 15% höheres Gesamtüberleben für Patienten, die dosisintensiviert behandelt wurden. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsartikel wird die Datenlage zu den unterschiedlichen Salvagetherapiestrategien zusammengefasst und unter Einbezug aktueller Leitlinienempfehlungen diskutiert.
Evaluation of the Behavioral Effect of Psychostimulants in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Silva Francisca de Azevedo e , P. Morais João , Mira Coelho Alda 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is often accompanied by comorbid conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy. In this context, patients are often treated with psychostimulants in an attempt to control behavioral symptoms. This study aims to understand the behavioral effects of psychostimulants in children with ASD and investigate if interictal epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) can act as a modifying factor in this behavior.
Methods Sixty-eight patients with ASD who were being accompanied in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João and had previously done an EEG assessment answered a questionnaire regarding their behavioral response to psychostimulants.
Results In total, 47.4% of patients reported improved agitation, 56.1% enhanced concentration, and 8.8% improved sleep. Conversely, 28.1% experienced worsened agitation, 15.8% worsened concentration, and 17.5% worsened sleep. The remaining reported no alterations. The age of diagnosis correlated significantly with improved agitation, with a higher diagnosis age being associated with a higher probability of improvement. Extended-release methylphenidate and genetic variations were significantly associated with worsening of agitation. Regarding speech, 86% exhibited no changes, while 14% showed alterations, mostly, 87.5%, characterized as negative. For other behavioral alterations, 45.6% reported negative changes, 3.5% reported positive changes, and 50.9% reported no additional alterations. Female gender was significantly associated with other negative behavioral changes. A significant correlation was found between treatment duration and the probability of improvement in agitation, concentration, and other behavioral changes.
AI and ethics: Investigating the first policy responses of higher education institutions to the challenge of generative AI
Authors: Dabis Attila , Csáki Csaba 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article addresses the ethical challenges posed by generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools in higher education and explores the first responses of universities to these challenges globally. Drawing on five key international documents from the UN, EU, and OECD, the study used content analysis to identify key ethical dimensions related to the use of generative AI in academia, such as accountability, human oversight, transparency, or inclusiveness. Empirical evidence was compiled from 30 leading universities ranked among the top 500 in the Shanghai Ranking list from May to July 2023, covering those institutions that already had publicly available responses to these dimensions in the form of policy documents or guidelines. The paper identifies the central ethical imperative that student assignments must reflect individual knowledge acquired during their education, with human individuals retaining moral and legal responsibility for AI-related wrongdoings. This top-down requirement aligns with a bottom-up approach, allowing instructors flexibility in determining how they utilize generative AI especially large language models in their own courses. Regarding human oversight, the typical response identified by the study involves a blend of preventive measures (e.g., course assessment modifications) and soft, dialogue-based sanctioning procedures. The challenge of transparency induced the good practice of clear communication of AI use in course syllabi in the first university responses examined by this study.
Design and optimization of handheld alloy analysis instrument based on microjoule high pulse repetition frequency LIBS
Authors: Qu Dongming , Yang Guang , Zhou Wenwen , Sun Huihui , Fang Jiaxuan , Tian Di , Li Chunsheng , Li Qingkai 
Published: August 2024

We briefly describe the design of a handheld metal detection instrument based on microjoule high repetition frequency laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The instrument uses a Raspberry Pi as the control core and a laser with a frequency of 10 kHz and a single pulse energy of 100 µJ as the excitation source. In addition, a mini-putter is built into the instrument to move the laser, allowing the ablation of the sample surface line area without external auxiliary equipment. The excitation-generated plasma radiation is collected by a simple optical path and transmitted directly to the spectrometer. We also constructed and trained a Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) model based on 12 different grades of alloys and transplanted the feedback process of the BP-ANN to the Raspberry Pi, which realized the rapid classification of the 12 alloys with &gt;95% classification accuracy on the handheld instrument.
Plasmon dephasing time and optical field enhancement in a plasmonic nanobowl substrate studied by scanning near-field optical microscopy
Authors: Hasegawa Seiju , Kanoda Masatoshi , Tamura Mamoru , Hayashi Kota , Tokonami Shiho , Iida Takuya , Imura Kohei 
Published: August 2024

Plasmonic substrates have been extensively investigated due to their potential applications in fluorescence microscopy, chemical sensing, and photochemical reactions. The optical properties of the substrate depend on the spatial and temporal features of the plasmon excited. Hence, the ability to directly visualize plasmon dynamics is crucial. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal properties of plasmon excitation in a plasmonic nanobowl substrate consisting of a periodic hexagonal array of nanoscale bowl-like structures developed with self-assembly. Near-field transmission imaging revealed that multiple plasmon resonance bands are observed from visible to near-infrared spectral region, and the optical contrast of the image is dependent on the observed band. Near-field two-photon photoluminescence microscopy revealed that the probability of excitation inside each nanoscale bowl-like structure is greater than that in the surrounding area. Near-field time-resolved imaging revealed that the nanobowl substrate exhibited a substantially long plasmon dephasing time, exceeding 12 fs. Based on the spectral features of the near-field and far-field spectra, we found that optically dark plasmon mode is excited by the near-field illumination and only partly contributes to the long dephasing time observed. This fact indicates that the dephasing time is extended by some other mechanism in the periodic substrate. We revealed from this study that the enhanced optical fields induced in the nanobowl structure originate from the photosynergetic effect of the cavity mode and plasmon mode excited.
Discovery of novel materials through machine learning
Authors: Akinpelu Akinwumi , Bhullar Mangladeep , Yao Yansun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Experimental exploration of new materials relies heavily on a laborious trial-and-error approach. In addition to substantial time and resource requirements, traditional experiments and computational modelling are typically limited in finding target materials within the enormous chemical space. Therefore, creating innovative techniques to expedite material discovery becomes essential. Recently, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a valuable tool for material discovery, garnering significant attention due to its remarkable advancements in prediction accuracy and time efficiency. This rapidly developing computational technique accelerates the search and optimization process and enables the prediction of material properties at a minimal computational cost, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel materials. We provide a comprehensive overview of recent studies on discovering new materials by predicting materials and their properties using ML techniques. Beginning with an introduction of the fundamental principles of ML methods, we subsequently examine the current research landscape on the applications of ML in predicting material properties that lead to the discovery of novel materials. Finally, we discuss challenges in employing ML within materials science, propose potential solutions, and outline future research directions.
Single‐atom catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia
Authors: Chao Guojie , Wang Jian , Zong Wei , Fan Wei , Xue Tiantian , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a versatile and important compound with a wide range of uses, which is currently produced through the demanding Haber-Bosch process. Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction into ammonia (NRA) has recently emerged as a sustainable approach for NH3 synthesis under ambient conditions. However, the NRA catalysis is a complex multistep electrochemical process with competitive hydrogen evolution reaction that usually results in poor selectivity and low yield rate for NH3 synthesis. With maximum atom utilization and well-defined catalytic sites, single atom catalysts (SACs) display high activity, selectivity and stability toward various catalytic reactions. Very recently, a number of SACs have been developed as promising NRA electrocatalysts, but systematical discussion about the key factors that affect their NRA performance is not yet to be summarized to date. This review focuses on the latest breakthroughs of SACs toward NRA catalysis, including catalyst preparation, catalyst characterization and theoretical insights. Moreover, the challenges and opportunities for improving the NRA performance of SACs are discussed, with an aim to achieve further advancement in developing high-performance SACs for efficient NH3 synthesis.
Simulation-based research on enhancing lubricity: investigating wettability and textured surfaces in alkane lubricants under boundary lubrication conditions
Authors: Yi Changli , Hu Chengzhi , Shi Lin , Bai Minli , Li Yubai , Tang Dawei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Changing the wettability and surface texturing have a significant impact on lubrication. In this study, the researchers used the molecular dynamics method to investigate how adjusting the interaction between alkanes and the wall affects oil film morphology and frictional properties under boundary lubrication. The findings revealed that the bearing capacity was influenced by both the morphology of the oil film and the strength of solid–liquid adsorption. In cases where the walls had weak wettability, the alkanes formed clusters to effectively separate the walls, while in cases where the walls had strong wettability, the oil film spread and formed a strong adsorption film. The super oleophilic textured surface could enhance the oil film adsorption capacity and replenish the oil film to the friction area in time, and the super oleophobic smooth surface could further reduce the friction coefficient. Therefore, a composite surface consisting of a super oleophilic textured surface and a super oleophobic smooth surface can be designed to enhance the bearing capacity of the oil film and reduce friction.
Understanding the physiological transmission mechanisms of photoplethysmography signals: a comprehensive review
Authors: Li Kai , Sun Jiuai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. The widespread adoption of Photoplethysmography (PPG) as a non-invasive method for detecting blood volume variations and deriving vital physiological parameters reflecting health status has surged, primarily due to its accessibility, cost-effectiveness, and non-intrusive nature. This has led to extensive research around this technique in both daily life and clinical applications. Interestingly, despite the existence of contradictory explanations of the underlying mechanism of PPG signals across various applications, a systematic investigation into this crucial matter has not been conducted thus far. This gap in understanding hinders the full exploitation of PPG technology and undermines its accuracy and reliability in numerous applications. Approach. Building upon a comprehensive review of the fundamental principles and technological advancements in PPG, this paper initially attributes the origin of PPG signals to a combination of physical and physiological transmission processes. Furthermore, three distinct models outlining the concerned physiological transmission processes are synthesized, with each model undergoing critical examination based on theoretical underpinnings, empirical evidence, and constraints. Significance. The ultimate objective is to form a fundamental framework for a better understanding of physiological transmission processes in PPG signal generation and to facilitate the development of more reliable technologies for detecting physiological signals.
Correlated qubit coherences stimulated by thermal energy
Authors: Etehadi Abari N , Rakhubovsky A A , Filip R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantum coherence, the ability of a system to be in a quantum superposition of pure states, is a distinct feature of quantum mechanics that has no direct analog in classical mechanics. Quantum states that possess coherence efficiently outperform their classical counterparts in fundamental science and practical applications, including quantum metrology, computation, and simulation. Generation of coherence without the need to employ strong classical drives remains a challenging and not yet experimentally explored task. Beyond individual thermally-induced coherences already proposed for different experiments, correlated quantum coherences of multiple qubits represent a new target. We prove that correlated qubit coherence emerges thermally stimulated from incoherent states in hybrid superconducting and solid-state systems comprising non-interacting qubits coupled only via Dicke-type interaction to a shared thermal mechanical oscillator, exhibits coherences beyond the Tavis–Cummings coupling and, moreover, can be advantageous in quantum sensing.
Improved preparation of AgNW film and its application in flexible counter electrodes of dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yu Long , Wang Zi , Gao Shufang , Cheng Shubo , Deng Fei , Shi Dean , Xiong Yan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Silver nanowire (AgNW) has been wildly used to prepare flexible conducting substrate of electronic and optoelectronic devices. By coating a layer of carbon onto a polymer/AgNW substrate, a counter electrode (CE) was obtained and it offers the advantages of high flexibility, light weight, low cost, simple fabrication, and operating efficiently in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By modifying the traditional unidirectional roll-coating process of AgNW to cross-directional coating, the morphology and distribution of the AgNW network was improved, which led to increased transmittance and electroconductivity, and subsequently improved cell efficiency of DSSCs and PSCs. The performance of the CEs and solar cells was further promoted by optimized fabrication process of the carbon layer. The as-prepared flexible CEs achieved great enhancement of cell efficiencies, and maximum power conversion efficiencies of 5.17% and 14.32% were obtained by DSSCs and PSCs, respectively.