bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleft palate defect of Dlx1/2−/− mutant mice is caused by lack of vertical outgrowth in the posterior palate
Authors: Jeong Juhee , Cesario Jeffry , Zhao Yangu , Burns Lorel , Westphal Heiner , Rubenstein John L.R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: Mice lacking the activities of Dlx1 and Dlx2 (Dlx1/2−/−) exhibit cleft palate, one of the most common human congenital defects, but the etiology behind this phenotype has been unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the morphological, cellular, and molecular changes caused by inactivation of Dlx1 and Dlx2 as related to palate development. Results:
Dlx1/2−/− mutants exhibited lack of vertical growth in the posterior palate during the earliest stage of palatogenesis. We attributed this growth deficiency to reduced cell proliferation. Expression of a cell cycle regulator Ccnd1 was specifically down‐regulated in the same region. Previous studies established that the epithelial‐mesenchymal signaling loop involving Shh, Bmp4, and Fgf10 is important for cell proliferation and tissue growth during palate development. This signaling loop was disrupted in Dlx1/2−/− palate. Interestingly, however, the decreases in Ccnd1 expression and mitosis in Dlx1/2−/− mutants were independent of this signaling loop. Finally, Dlx1/2 activity was required for normal expression of several transcription factor genes whose mutation results in palate defects. Conclusions: The functions of Dlx1 and Dlx2 are crucial for the initial formation of the posterior palatal shelves, and that the Dlx genes lie upstream of multiple signaling molecules and transcription factors important for later stages of palatogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 241:1757–1769, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biodiesel synthesis from Jatropha curcas L. oil and ethanol in a continuous centrifugal contactor separator
Authors: Abduh Muhammad Yusuf , van Ulden Wouter , Kalpoe Vijay , van de Bovenkamp Hendrik H. , Manurung Robert , Heeres Hero J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from Jatropha curcas L. oil was studied in a batch reactor and a continuous centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS) using sodium ethoxide as the catalyst. The effect of relevant process variables like rotational speed, temperature, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio of ethanol to oil was investigated. Maximum yield of FAEE was 98 mol% for both the batch (70°C, 600 rpm, 0.8% w/w of sodium ethoxide) and CCCS reactor configuration (60°C, 2100 rpm, 1% w/w of sodium ethoxide, oil feed 28 mL/min). The volumetric production rate of FAEE in the CCCS at optimum conditions was 112 kgFAEE/m3liquid · min.Practical applications: The Jatropha curcas L. shrub produces a non‐edible oil in yields up to 1.5 ton/(ha. y), which is known to be suitable for biodiesel synthesis. We here report an experimental study on the synthesis of jatropha biodiesel using ethanol instead of methanol as the alcohol source. Ethanol is accessible from biomass by fermentation and as such a green alternative for methanol. In addition, it is more readily available in developing countries than methanol. Biodiesel synthesis was performed in a CSSS, a continuous device that integrates reaction and separation. The device has potential to be applied in small scale mobile biodiesel technology due to its compact size, robustness, flexibility in operation, and high volumetric productivities.
Field observations of wave refraction and propagation pathways on coral reef platforms
Authors: Mandlier Philipp G. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTField experiments were conducted to investigate the refraction and propagation of ocean waves across two coral reef platforms in the Maldives, central Indian Ocean. A total of seven pressure sensors were deployed on each reef to quantify temporal and spatial variations in wave characteristics across the platform surfaces. Directional wave properties were calculated from high frequency (2 Hz) wave and current records obtained at two locations on each reef and corroborate theoretically predicted propagation pathways derived from an analytical wave refraction model. Results demonstrate that reef geometry critically controls the refraction and propagation behaviour of incident swell across the reef structures. Differences in the magnitude of refraction (approximately 57° and 14°) observed on each reef can be attributed to variations in platform shape and orientation to incident waves. Results demonstrate that reef flat wave patterns define the segmentation of platform surfaces into distinctive high and low wave energy zones. Furthermore, wave focussing has been identified as a major mechanism controlling the transformation of wave energy across the reefs. Results provide the first field‐based validation of wave refraction and convergence on coral reefs and have significant implications for sedimentation processes and the formation of platform deposits. Reef configurations which promote marked wave convergence are more likely to retain sediment on the reef surface, whereas platforms that induce less refraction and changes in the direction of incident waves have a higher potential for the off‐reef evacuation of sediment over leeward reef margins. Results of wave measurements substantiate such projections and provide a first order explanation for the existence and absence of a coral cay on the two study reefs. The study presents empirical evidence of wave refraction and convergence on coral reefs and establishes a baseline for future investigations of hydrodynamic process controls on platform sedimentation and island formation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depressive symptoms and associated factors in an older Spanish population positively screened for disability
Authors: Damian Javier , de Pedro‐Cuesta Jesús , Almazán Javier , Comín‐Comín Magdalena , Quintanilla Miguel A. , Lobo Antonio 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo measure the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with a comprehensive set of variables and to study the potential modifying effects of sex and age.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, subjects who tested positive to the 12‐item World Health Organization disability screening tool were selected from a probabilistic sample of persons aged 65 years or older in a rural area of Spain. Measurements included EURO‐D depression scale, socio‐demographics, habits, anthropometrics, medical history, cognition, disability, functional dependence, self‐rated health and pain. Logistic regression models were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association between depression and variables. The modifying effects of age and sex were assessed.ResultsPrevalence (95% CI) of current depressive symptoms among the 438 participants was 35.8% (31.3–40.3%). Depressive symptomatology was higher among women (aOR = 2.98). An inverse association was observed with alcohol (aORs of 0.52 and 0.27 for consumption of 1–2 and >2 standard units/day, respectively, versus abstainers). Depressive symptomatology was associated with heart failure (aOR = 4.24), urinary incontinence (aOR = 2.68), ischemic heart disease (aOR = 1.87), poor self‐rated health and pain. Sex and age modified the effect of several variables.ConclusionPrevalence of depressive symptoms, albeit high, was less than expected. The consistently strong negative association between depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption warrants further in‐depth research. Awareness of effect modification by key variables, such as sex and age, may enable the probability of suffering depression to be more accurately assessed, with a view to performing a potential diagnostic work‐up. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Purposeful Instruction: Mixing Up The “I,” “We,” and “You”
Authors: Grant Maria , Lapp Diane , Fisher Douglas , Johnson Kelly , Frey Nancy 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article discusses the flexible nature of the gradual release of responsibility (GRR) as a frame for inquiry‐based science instruction. Given the mandate for the use of text‐supported learning (Common Core Standards), theGRRcan be used to allow students to learn as scientists as they collaboratively develop testable questions and experiments that direct them to look at real‐world issues. Through various configurations of modeling, guided instruction, collaborative efforts, and independent work, teachers are able establish an environment where investigative inquiry learning thrives.
Arsenic adsorption from contaminated water on Fe(III)‐coordinated amino‐functionalized poly(glycidylmethacrylate)‐grafted TiO2‐densified cellulose
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath Sreenivasan , Divya Lekshmi , Parvathy Jayasree 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to determine the sorptive potential of a novel anion exchanger, Fe(III)‐coordinated amino‐functionalized poly(glycidylmethacrylate)‐grafted TiO2‐densified cellulose (AM‐Fe‐PGDC) for arsenic(V) removal from aqueous solutions by batch technique.RESULTS: The adsorbent was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry and potentiometric titrations. The effective pH for removal was 6.0. The adsorption rate was influenced by initial metal ion concentration and contact time. The equilibrium was achieved within 1.5 h and follows a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity for As(V) calculated using the Langmuir isotherm equation was 105.47 mg g−1. The AM‐Fe‐PGDC developed was used to remove As(V) from simulated groundwater. Regeneration experiments were attempted for four cycles using 0.1 mol L−1 NaCl solution.CONCLUSION: It was found that AM‐Fe‐PGDC is very efficient for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
High knee valgus in female subjects does not yield higher knee translations during drop landings: A biplane fluoroscopic study
Authors: Torry Michael R. , Shelburne Kevin B. , Myers Casey , Giphart J. Erik , Pennington W. Wesley , Krong Jacob P. , Peterson Daniel S. , Steadman J. Richard , Woo Savio L.‐Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the effects of peak knee valgus angle and peak knee abductor moment on the anterior, medial, and lateral tibial translations (ATT, MTT, LTT) in the “at risk” female knee during drop landing. Fifteen female subjects performed drop landings from 40 cm. Three‐dimension knee motion was simultaneously recorded using a high speed, biplane fluoroscopy system, and a video‐based motion analysis system. Valgus knee angles and knee abduction moments were stratified into low, intermediate, and high groups and peak ATT, MTT, and LTT were compared between these groups with ANOVA (α = 0.05). Significant differences were observed between stratified groups in peak knee valgus angle (p < 0.0001) and peak knee abduction moment (p < 0.0001). However, no corresponding differences in peak ATT, LTT, and MTT between groups exhibiting low to high‐peak knee valgus angles (ATT: p = 0.80; LTT: p = 0.25; MTT: p = 0.72); or, in peak ATT (p = 0.61), LTT (p = 0.26) and MTT (p = 0.96) translations when stratified according to low to high knee abduction moments, were found. We conclude that the healthy female knee is tightly regulated with regard to translations even when motion analysis derived knee valgus angles and abduction moments are high. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 257–267, 2013
The virtual water content of major grain crops and virtual water flows between regions in China
Authors: Sun Shi‐Kun , Wu Pu‐Te , Wang Yu‐Bao , Zhao Xi‐Ning 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe disproportionate distribution of arable land and water resources has become a bottleneck for guaranteeing food security in China. Virtual water and virtual water trade theory have provided a potential solution to improve water resources management in agriculture and alleviate water crises in water‐scarce regions. The present study evaluates the green and blue virtual water content of wheat, maize and rice at the regional scale in China. It then assesses the water‐saving benefits of virtual water flows related to the transfer of the three crops between regions.ResultsThe national average virtual water content of wheat, maize and rice were 1071 m3 per ton (50.98% green water, 49.02% blue water ), 830 m3 per ton (76.27% green water, 23.73% blue water) and 1294 m3 per ton (61.90% green water, 38.10% blue water), respectively. With the regional transfer of wheat, maize and rice, virtual water flows reached 30.08 Gm3 (59.91% green water, 40.09% blue water). Meanwhile, China saved 11.47 Gm3 green water, while it consumed 7.84 Gm3 more blue water than with a no‐grain transfer scenario in 2009.ConclusionIn order to guarantee food security in China, the government should improve water productivity (reduce virtual water content of crops) during the grain production process. Meanwhile, under the preconditions of economic feasibility and land‐water resources availability, China should guarantee the grain‐sown area in southern regions for taking full advantage of green water resources and to alleviate the pressure on water resources. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and characterization of novel liquid ester‐phenolic antioxidant based on dipentaerythritol
Authors: Zhang Letao , Cai Guoxing , Eli Wumanjiang 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTA new ester‐phenolic antioxidant based on dipentaerythritol was synthesised via a series of esterification reactions. The first esterification of dipentaerythritol with 3‐(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid was carried out, and then the second esterification affords the final ester‐phenolic antioxidant by the reaction of the first esterification intermediates with isostearic acid. This antioxidant is functional complex which can act as not only antioxidant but also synthetic ester lubricant. The ester‐phenolic antioxidant was characterised with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rotary bomb oxidation test (RBOT) and thermogravimetric (TG)/differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The FTIR analytical results confirmed the chemical structure of the as‐synthesised antioxidant. RBOT demonstrated that this phenolic antioxidant has excellent antioxidant efficiency. The analytical results of TG/DSC showed that this antioxidant had low volatility and good thermal stability. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel cell therapy for stress urinary incontinence, short‐term outcome
Authors: Shirvan Maliheh Keshvari , Alamdari Daryoush Hamidi , Mahboub Mohammadreza Darabi , Ghanadi Alireza , Rahimi Hamid Reza , Seifalian Alexander M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was the safety assessment of urethra injections of autologous total nucleated cells (TNCs) along with platelets, which focused on the outcome over a 6 month period.MethodsAn open, prospective study was conducted on 9 patients with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI). At the baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months after external urethral sphincteric and submucosal injections of autologous TNCs along with platelets, the patients were assessed according to cough tests, Q‐Tip tests, urodynamics, 1 hr pad tests, upper tract ultrasonography (UTU), post voiding residue (PVR), International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary incontinence (ICIQ‐UI), and International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire‐Quality of Life (ICIQ‐QOL). On the 3rd month post‐injection, the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) and abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) were measured in one patient with intrinsic sphincteric deficiency (ISD; the baseline: ALPP < 60 and MUCP < 30 cmH2O).ResultsNo complications were observed after injection. At 6‐months' follow up (F/U), all the patients considered themselves clinically cured with eight women completely continent and one marked improvement. Mean age was 48.9 ± 13.8 years. Before the injection, urodynamics, UTU, and PVR were normal and cough tests, 1 hr pad tests were positive in patients. At 1, 3, and 6 months post‐injection, there was a significant improvement in ICIQ‐UI, ICIQ‐QOL (P < 0.05). UTU and PVR were normal, cough tests, and 1 hr pad tests were negative, except for ISD patient with severe coughs (at month 3: ALPP = 92 and MUCP > 30 cmH2O).ConclusionCell therapy consisting of intrasphincteric and submucosal injections of autologous TNCs along with platelets in SUI patients is a feasible and safe procedure. The results point out those subjects cured or with marked improvement after 6 months F/U. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 377–382, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Construct validity of an instrument to measure neuropathic pain in women with bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Arya Lily A. , Harvie Heidi S. , Andy Uduak U. , Cory Lori , Propert Kathleen J. , Whitmore Kristene 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimsTo determine the construct validity of an instrument to measure neuropathic pain in women with bladder pain syndrome (BPS). Our hypothesis is that neuropathic, bladder, and bowel pain represent different constructs in women with BPS.MethodsSecondary planned analysis of a prospective cross‐sectional study of 150 women with BPS. The relationship between neuropathic pain, urinary, and bowel symptoms was assessed.ResultsThe correlation of the total neuropathic pain score with total urinary and bowel symptom scores was low to moderate (r = 0.28–0.49). The correlation of specific neuropathic pain items with bladder and bowel pain was also low to moderate (r = 0.12–0.36). Women with neuropathic pain had significantly higher scores for urinary urgency, bladder pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation than women with non‐neuropathic pain (all P < 0.0001).ConclusionSomatosensory neuropathic pain and “visceral” bladder and bowel pain represent separate but related constructs in women with BPS. Neurourol. Urodynam. 32: 424–427, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A uniform multiscale method for 2D static and dynamic analyses of heterogeneous materials
Authors: Zhang H.W. , Liu H. , Wu J.K. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYA uniform extended multiscale finite element method is developed for solving the static and dynamic problems of heterogeneous materials in elasticity. To describe the complex deformation, a multinode two‐dimensional coarse element is proposed, and a new approach is elaborated to construct the displacement base functions of the coarse element. In addition, to improve the computational accuracy, the mode base functions are introduced to consider the effect of the inertial forces of the structure for dynamic problems. Furthermore, the orthogonality between the displacement and mode base functions is proved theoretically, which indicates that the proposed multiscale method can be used for the static and dynamic analyses uniformly. Numerical experiments show that the mode base functions almost do not work for the static problems, while they can improve the computational accuracy of the dynamic problems significantly. On the other hand, it is also found that the number of the macro nodes of the multinode coarse element has a great influence on the accuracy of the numerical results for both the static and dynamic analyses. Numerical examples also indicate that the uniform extended multiscale finite element method can obtain sufficiently accurate results with less computational cost compared with the standard FEM. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diet and Oral Health of Populations that Inhabited Central Argentina (Córdoba Province) during Late Holocene
Authors: Fabra M. , González C. V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study, from a bioarchaeological perspective, the diet and oral health of the populations that inhabited Central Argentina in two periods which would reflect changes in subsistence strategies: earlier late Holocene (ca. 2500–1500 years BP) and later late Holocene (ca.1500–400 years BP). The sample is composed by 83 adult individuals from 47 archaeological sites. We considered five non‐specific indicators of stress, infectious and degenerative diseases: hypoplasia of dental enamel, dental caries, abscesses, antemortem teeth loss, and calculus. We also considered hypercementosis, dens in dens, and agenesis. We test intraobserver error by means of intraclass correlation coefficient and analysis of variance of repeated measures. We calculated prevalence by sex, age, geographic subregion, and chronological period. We applied Chi‐square (X2) to test statistical significance of observed differences. Considering the sample as a whole, low prevalence of dental caries (10.27%), abscesses (16.52%), and hypoplasia (10.84%) are coincident with values observed for populations with mixed or hunter‐gathering subsistence strategy. In later late Holocene, high incidence of caries should be considered as indicator of consumption of C4 vegetables or other carbohydrate‐rich vegetables, such as legumes of Prosopis sp. Also, moderate values of dental enamel hypoplasia should be related with metabolic‐systemic stress episodes. Summarizing, these results are coincident with isotopic, archaeological, and ethnohistorical evidences which suggest climatic, social, and demographic pressures that might have affected the lifestyle of these populations before the Spanish conquest. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Sunghir 3 Upper Paleolithic Juvenile: Pathology versus Persistence in the Paleolithic
Authors: Cowgill L. W. , Mednikova M. B. , Buzhilova A. P. , Trinkaus E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Mid Upper Paleolithic Sunghir 3 late juvenile early modern human, from the most elaborate burial in the Pleistocene, had pathologically foreshortened and anteriorly bowed femora and, based on her dental enamel hypoplasias and transverse lines, sustained severe and persistent systemic stress throughout her decade of life. Her modest femoral and tibial asymmetry and her femoral bicondylar angles indicate non‐pathological patterns of posture and locomotion. The levels of rigidity for her weight‐bearing tibiae and the non‐dominant left arm reflect normal weight‐bearing and manipulation. These indicators are combined with an elevated level of right humeral strength, leading to pronounced humeral diaphyseal asymmetry, combined with elevated muscular insertion asymmetry. In combination with marked upper limb muscle markings and normal levels of bone formation, these reflections of her robustness indicate that she was fully mobile and participated actively in the tasks of her social group. There is no indication of the skeletal hypotrophy/atrophy that would be associated with less than full participation in the mobility and subsistence of her social group. As such, Sunghir 3 joins a growing list of developmentally or degeneratively pathological Late Pleistocene humans who nonetheless remained mobile and active. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Creating a community resource for protein science
Authors: Berman Helen M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHelen Berman is the recipient of the Protein Society 2012 Carl Branden AwardIn addition to being one of the early pioneers in protein crystallography, Carl Brändén made significant contributions to science education with his elegant and beautifully illustrated book Introduction to Protein Structure (Brändén and Tooze, New York: Garland, 1991). It is truly an honor to receive this award in their names. This award and the 40th anniversary of the Protein Data Bank (PDB; Berman et al., Structure 2012;20:391–396) have given me an opportunity to reflect on the various components that have contributed to building a resource for protein science and to try to quantify the impact of having PDB data openly available.