bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of plasma non‐transferrin bound iron generation: insights from comparing transfused diamond blackfan anaemia with sickle cell and thalassaemia patients
Authors: Porter John B. , Walter Patrick B. , Neumayr Lynne D. , Evans Patricia , Bansal Sukhvinder , Garbowski Maciej , Weyhmiller Marcela G. , Harmatz Paul R. , Wood John C. , Miller Jeffery L. , Byrnes Colleen , Weiss Guenter , Seifert Markus , Grosse Regine , Grabowski Dagmar , Schmidt Angelica , Fischer Roland , Nielsen Peter , Niemeyer Charlotte , Vichinsky Elliott 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn transfusional iron overload, extra‐hepatic iron distribution differs, depending on the underlying condition. Relative mechanisms of plasma non‐transferrin bound iron (NTBI) generation may account for these differences. Markers of iron metabolism (plasma NTBI, labile iron, hepcidin, transferrin, monocyte SLC40A1 [ferroportin]), erythropoiesis (growth differentiation factor 15, soluble transferrin receptor) and tissue hypoxia (erythropoietin) were compared in patients with Thalassaemia Major (TM), Sickle Cell Disease and Diamond‐Blackfan Anaemia (DBA), with matched transfusion histories. The most striking differences between these conditions were relationships of NTBI to erythropoietic markers, leading us to propose three mechanisms of NTBI generation: iron overload (all), ineffective erythropoiesis (predominantly TM) and low transferrin‐iron utilization (DBA).
Switching to recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein prophylaxis results in fewer infusions, decreased factor IX consumption and lower bleeding rates
Authors: Powell Jerry , Shapiro Amy , Ragni Margaret , Negrier Claude , Windyga Jerzy , Ozelo Margareth , Pasi John , Baker Ross , Potts James , Li Shuanglian , Mei Baisong , Pierce Glenn F. , Robinson Brian 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn the phase 3 B‐LONG [Recombinant Factor IX Fc Fusion Protein (rFIXFc) in Subjects with Haemophilia B] study, rFIXFc dosed every 1–2 weeks was safe and efficacious in previously treated subjects with haemophilia B. To date, there are no evaluations of transitioning from conventional to long‐acting factor IX (FIX) prophylaxis. This post‐hoc analysis of B‐LONG subjects compared prophylaxis with other FIX products and rFIXFc. Pre‐ and on‐study data were analysed to assess dosing regimen, weekly FIX consumption and annualized bleeding rates (ABRs). Population pharmacokinetics models were used to generate FIX activity profiles with rFIXFc and recombinant FIX prophylaxis. Thirty‐nine subjects, previously treated prophylactically, were evaluated. Prior to study, most subjects (69·2%) received twice‐weekly FIX infusions; on study, subjects infused rFIXFc once every 1–2 weeks with c. 30–50% reductions in weekly consumption. On‐study estimated mean ABRs were lower than pre‐study estimated mean ABRs. Models predicted that rFIXFc administered 50 iu/kg weekly and 100 iu/kg every 10 d would maintain steady‐state FIX trough levels ≥1 iu/dl in 95·4% and 89·2% of subjects, respectively. These results indicate that patients receiving rFIXFc prophylaxis can markedly reduce infusion frequency and FIX consumption, have a greater likelihood of maintaining FIX activity >1 iu/dl and experience fewer bleeding episodes compared with prior FIX prophylaxis.
Medication beliefs are associated with phosphate binder non‐adherence in hyperphosphatemic haemodialysis patients
Authors: Wileman Vari , Farrington Ken , Wellsted David , Almond Mike , Davenport Andrew , Chilcot Joseph 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesPatients with end‐stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis (HD) are at risk of cardiovascular disease and bone disorders related to high levels of serum phosphate. We studied the association between medication beliefs and depressive symptoms, with non‐adherence to phosphate binding medication in a group of HD patients at risk of complications due to hyperphosphatemia.DesignCross‐sectional design.MethodsBaseline data from 112 patients participating in a randomized controlled trial, evaluating an adherence intervention, are presented. All patients had serum phosphate levels >1.6 mmol/l at baseline. Adherence was measured by (1) serum phosphate and (2) Medication Adherence Report Scales (MARS). Beliefs about Medicines (BMQ) and depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9) were also evaluated.ResultsBeliefs about Medicines Questionnaire necessity, but not concerns, beliefs were found to correlate with serum phosphate (r = −.23, p < .05) and self‐reported adherence (r = .35, p < .01). In regression models, controlling for demographic, clinical and psychological variables, necessity beliefs explained the variance of serum phosphate (β = −.22, p = .01) and self‐reported adherence (β = .30, p ≤ .01). Both BMQ concerns and depressive symptoms were not related to non‐adherence.ConclusionPatients' beliefs about the necessity of their prescribed phosphate binding medications explain variation in non‐adherence levels, measured both subjective and objectively. Dialysis patient's medication beliefs are potentially modifiable targets for future interventions.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Haemodialysis patients are at risk of cardiovascular disease and bone disorders related to high levels of serum phosphate, yet adherence to phosphate binders remains suboptimal.

Treatment beliefs have been shown to predict adherence to phosphate binders.

What does this study add?

In patients who are at risk of complications due to high phosphate levels, beliefs regarding the necessity of phosphate binders are associated with treatment non‐adherence as measured by a physiological proxy (serum phosphate levels) and self‐report.

Depression does not appear to be related to phosphate binder non‐adherence.
Geology and regional significance of the Sarnoo Hills, eastern rift margin of the Barmer Basin, NW India
Authors: Bladon Andrew J. , Burley Stuart D. , Clarke Stuart M. , Beaumont Hazel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Barmer Basin is a poorly understood rift basin in Rajasthan, northwest India. Exposures in the Sarnoo Hills, situated along the central eastern rift margin of the Barmer Basin, reveal a sedimentary succession that accumulated prior to the main Barmer Basin rift event, and a rift‐oblique fault network that displays unusual geometries and characteristics. Here, we present a comprehensive study of Lower Cretaceous sedimentology on the basin margin, along with a detailed investigation of rift‐oblique faults that are exposed nowhere else in the region and provide critical insights into Barmer Basin evolution. Lower Cretaceous sediments were deposited within a rapidly subsiding alluvial plain fluvial system. Subsequent to deposition, the evolving Sarnoo Hills fault network was affected by structural inheritance during an early, previously unrecognised, rift‐oblique extensional event attributed to transtension between India and Madagascar, and formed a juvenile fault network within the immediate rift‐margin footwall. Ghaggar‐Hakra Formation deposition may have been triggered by early rifting which tectonically destabilised the Marwar Craton prior to the main northeast–southwest Barmer Basin rift event. The identification of early rifting in the Barmer Basin demonstrates that regional extension and the associated rift systems were established throughout northwest India prior to the main phase of Deccan eruptions. Inheritance of early oblique fault systems within the evolving Barmer Basin provides a robust explanation for poorly understood structural complications interpreted in the subsurface throughout the rift. Critically, the presence of syn‐rift sedimentary successions within older oblique rift systems obscured beneath the present‐day Barmer Basin has significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration.
Adoption disclosure: experiences of Indian domestic adoptive parents
Authors: Mohanty Jayashree , Ahn Jaejin , Chokkanathan Srinivasan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAdoption disclosure is an important indicator of the healthy development and psychological well‐being of adopted children. However, findings from studies conducted among Asian domestic adoptive parents have highlighted some concerns. Using Kirk's theoretical proposition, a study was conducted among 86 Indian domestic adoptive parents to determine the societal and familial factors related to adoption disclosure. The results showed that while many of the parents had talked openly about their adoption to their immediate families (95.3%) and others of their social network (88.4%), they were hesitant in telling the child. Only 12.8% of the Indian parents had told their child about adoption, and 31.4% were planning to tell. The results of the logistic regression analysis revealed that children who were above 6 months at adoption were more likely to have had disclosures from their parents about their adoption. Further, adoptive parents who had told or were planning to tell their child about adoption perceived less about the loss of the biological parenthood and were more likely to perceive the beneficial effects of adoption disclosure to the child. These findings have implications for the provision of appropriate strategies, resources and support to adoptive families seeking to deal with adoption disclosure.
The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the permeability of protective gloves to resorcinol in hairdressing
Authors: Lind Marie‐Louise , Johnsson Stina , Lidén Carola , Meding Birgitta , Boman Anders 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundHairdressers are exposed to hair dye chemicals, for example resorcinol and hydrogen peroxide. Adequate skin protection is an important preventive measure against occupational skin disease.ObjectivesTo examine whether hydrogen peroxide may cause deterioration of protective gloves.MethodsPermeation of resorcinol through gloves of polyvinylchloride (PVC) (n = 8), natural rubber latex (NRL) (n = 5) and nitrile rubber (NR) (n = 5) was studied in a two‐compartment cell, with resorcinol as an indicator for hair dyes. The amount of resorcinol that had permeated was analysed with a high‐performance liquid chromatography instrument. Cumulative breakthrough time and permeation rate were compared for hydrogen peroxide‐pretreated and untreated gloves.ResultsThe cumulative breakthrough time was > 1 hr but < 4 hr for all tested gloves. Pretreatment of PVC gloves resulted in a slightly decreased breakthrough time, and pretreatment of NRL gloves decreased the permeation rate. No change was recorded in NR gloves.ConclusionsTreatment with hydrogen peroxide had a minor effect on permeation in the tested gloves. NR gloves provided the best protection. However, taking the allergy risk of rubber gloves into account, plastic gloves are recommended in hairdressing. PVC gloves may be used, but not for > 1 hr. Disposable gloves should never be reused, regardless of material.
Colonoscopy screening compliance and outcomes in patients with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Newton K. , Green K. , Lalloo F. , Evans D. G. , Hill J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimColonic surveillance reduces the lifetime risk of colorectal cancer in patients with Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) from 60 to 80% to 10% and confers a 7‐year survival advantage. The British Society of Gastroenterologists recommends colonoscopy at least every 2 years from the age of 25. Currently in the UK, genetic diagnosis is made by a regional genetics service, and screening recommendations are made to the referring clinician. The aim of this study was to investigate compliance with and the effectiveness of large bowel surveillance in Lynch syndrome.MethodA retrospective longitudinal study of Lynch syndrome mutation carriers on the Regional Familial Colorectal Cancer Registry under and not under screening was conducted. To investigate screening compliance, patients were included if they were alive at the start of the study. Data were gathered on timeliness, quality and outcome of screening. To examine the effectiveness of screening, the cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer was estimated using Kaplan–Meier curves and the screened population compared with patients not being screened.ResultsA total of 227 Lynch syndrome mutation carriers were under screening at 26 hospitals. We assessed 439 colonoscopies for timeliness, of which 68% were compliant (interval < 27 months). Compliance on the 1 November 2011 was 87%. The cumulative incidence of colorectal cancer to the age of 70 was 25% (95% CI 17–32%) in the surveillance population and 81% (95% CI 78–84%) in 689 mutation‐positive patients not being screened (P < 0.0001).ConclusionOverall, 68% of colonoscopies were on time. The incidence of colorectal cancer was greatly reduced by screening but remained significant. Patients with Lynch syndrome need proactive surveillance management.
Accounting for tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession in mountain plant distribution models
Authors: Carlson Bradley Z. , Georges Damien , Rabatel Antoine , Randin Christophe F. , Renaud Julien , Delestrade Anne , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Choler Philippe , Thuiller Wilfried 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo incorporate changes in alpine land cover (tree line shift, glacier retreat and primary succession) into species distribution model (SDM) predictions for a selection of 31 high‐elevation plants.LocationChamonix Valley, French Alps.MethodsWe fit linear mixed effects (LME) models to historical changes in forest and glacier cover and projected these trends forward to align with 21st century IPCC climate scenarios. We used a logistic function to model the probability of plant establishment in glacial forelands zones expected to become ice free between 2008 and 2051–2080. Habitat filtering consisted of intersecting land cover maps with climate‐driven SDMs to refine habitat suitability predictions. SDM outputs for tree, heath and alpine species were compared based on whether habitat filtering during the prediction period was carried out using present‐day (static) land cover, future (dynamic) land cover filters or no land cover filter (unfiltered). Species range change (SRC) was used to measure differences in habitat suitability predictions across methods.ResultsLME predictions for 2021–2080 showed continued glacier retreat, tree line rise and primary succession in glacier forelands. SRC was highest in the unfiltered scenario (−10%), intermediate in the dynamic scenario (−15%) and lowest in the static scenario (−31%). Tree species were the only group predicted to gain overall range by 2051–2080. Although alpine plants lost range in all three land cover scenarios, new habitat made available by glacier retreat in the dynamic land cover scenario buffered alpine plant range loss due to climate change.Main conclusionsWe provide a framework for combining trajectories of land cover change with SDM predictions. Our pilot study shows that incorporating shifts in land cover improves habitat suitability predictions and leads to contrasting outcomes of future mountain plant distribution. Alpine plants in particular may lose less suitable habitat than standard SDMs predict due to 21st century glacier retreat.
Deer density and plant palatability predict shrub cover, richness, diversity and aboriginal food value in a North American archipelago
Authors: Arcese P. , Schuster R. , Campbell L. , Barber A. , Martin T. G. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTrophic cascades are a common consequence of herbivore outbreak and in the absence of hunting can cause the local extinction of native plant species and communities. We compared plant communities at 66 island and mainland sites to test the hypothesis that deer (Cervidae) determine species cover, richness and diversity and that palatable species become rare at high deer density. We validate a region‐wide index of deer density and impact on plant communities in a region where culturally significant food plants maintained by aboriginal people prior to European contact helped to define baseline plant communities.LocationGulf and San Juan Island archipelagos and North American mainland.MethodsWe conducted surveys of 49 native, 10 exotic and 15 culturally significant plant species and deer sign at 66 sites on 35 islands and mainland to determine deer abundance and plant species cover, richness and diversity. We identified culturally significant food plants facilitated by aboriginal people using ethnobotanical knowledge, quantified plant palatability via cafeteria trials and characterized shrub architecture.ResultsNative and culturally significant shrub cover, richness and diversity were 52–85% lower at sites with abundant deer (0.9–2.8 ha−1) versus no deer. However, these values were also 38–82% lower at sites in the lowest deer density class (< 0.08 ha−1) versus sites with no deer present. Palatable cover was 92% lower where deer were abundant versus absent and 28% lower in low‐density versus deer‐free sites. Shrub architecture provided an easily applied index of native and culturally significant plant cover and deer density.Main conclusionsWe provide comparative examples of endangered plant communities to demonstrate that, contrary to the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, any positive effect of deer on plant diversity on islands in the Pacific north‐west of North America occurs at densities < 0.08 ha−1, if at all. This detailed example of trophic downgrading highlights the need and provides the methods to identify herbivore densities compatible with the persistence of all native species in conserved landscapes.
Mapping large‐scale bird distributions using occupancy models and citizen data with spatially biased sampling effort
Authors: Higa Motoki , Yamaura Yuichi , Koizumi Itsuro , Yabuhara Yuki , Senzaki Masayuki , Ono Satoru 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimAlthough data collected by citizen scientists have received a great deal of attention for assessing species distributions over large extents, their sampling efforts are usually spatially biased. We assessed whether the bias of spatially varied sampling effort for opportunistic citizen data can be corrected using occupancy models that incorporate observation processes.LocationHokkaido Island, northern Japan.MethodsWe applied occupancy models for citizen data with spatially biased sampling effort to model and map large‐scale distributions of 52 forest and 23 grassland/wetland bird species. We used estimated species richness (summed occupancy probabilities among the species) as the aggregated distributional patterns of each species group and compared them among two occupancy models (i.e. single‐species and multispecies occupancy models), two conventional logistic regression models and Maxlike, which do not explicitly deal with observation processes.ResultsConventional logistic regression models and Maxlike predicted inappropriate patterns, such as forest species preferring lowland non‐forested areas where most of the data were collected. Occupancy models, however, showed more appropriate results, indicating that forest species preferred lowland forested areas. The prediction by logistic models was somewhat improved by the use of spatially biased non‐detection data as the absence data; however, estimates of species richness were still much lower than those of occupancy models. Differences in model outputs were evident for the forest species but not for grassland/wetland species because citizen data covered virtually all environmental niches for grassland/wetland species. Results of the single‐species and multispecies occupancy models were nearly identical, but in some cases, estimates from the single‐species models were not converged or deviated notably from those of other species compared with estimates by the multispecies model.Main conclusionsWe found that citizen data with spatially biased sampling effort can be appropriately utilized for large‐scale biodiversity distribution modelling with the use of occupancy models, which encourages data collection by citizen scientists.
Can Eltonian processes explain species distributions at large scale? A case study with Great Bustard (Otis tarda)
Authors: Alvarez‐Martínez Jose Manuel , Suárez‐Seoane Susana , Palacín Carlos , Sanz Julia , Alonso Juan C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimSpecies distribution modelling (SDM) allows identification of suitable areas where the species might occur. The Grinnellian approach relates species occurrence to abiotic limiting factors, such as topography and climate, measured at present or averaged over time at large spatial scales, whilst Eltonian approaches relate processes as reproductive rates or species abundance to factors as resource availability or functional traits described at a finer spatio‐temporal resolution. In this study, we aimed to compare the performance and reliability achieved by Eltonian and Grinnellian models developed at geographical scale when addressing two questions that may affect species distribution: breeding site selection and historical local extinctions.LocationSpain.MethodsWe used a temporal series (1988–2010) of breeding success data of Great Bustards (Otis tarda) across Spain to create: (1) a yearly series of correlative Eltonian models based on satellite data (1‐km pixel Normalized Difference Vegetation Index derived fromNOAA‐AVHRR) as a proxy for resource availability and (2) a static topo‐climatic Grinnellian model. We applied two modelling algorithms (MaxEnt and Bootstrapped Generalized Mixed‐Effects Models) calibrated and validated across different distributional ranges to investigate breeding success in abiotically suitable areas and recent extinctions within the accessible range.ResultsEltonian models showed higher performance and reliability than Grinnellian models at geographical scale and allowed for comparisons of breeding habitat suitability through the study period. Then, satellite data were a more successful predictor of the species breeding success than topography and climate. Breeding was possible out of the range currently occupied by the species, but habitat suitability was significantly lower in non‐occupied areas, on where local extinctions have occurred in recent historical times.Main conclusionsThis study highlights the advisability of using remote‐sensing explanatory variables at high temporal resolution matched with population fitness data in Eltonian approaches to improve the knowledge of the relationship between realized and potential distributions of the species at geographical scale. This is a fundamental question in biogeography and a key issue for designing comprehensive conservation strategies.