bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the value of monitoring duodenal mucosal perfusion using photoplethysmography
Authors: Fink Mitchell P 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPhotoplethysmography (PPG) is a technique that permits noninvasive measurement of changes in the volume of tissues. A novel device uses PPG to assess changes in duodenal mucosal perfusion. When tested in septic piglets, data obtained using this device correlate with the blood lactate concentration and duodenal serosal microvascular blood flow as measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. This new PPG-based approach for continuously monitoring gut mucosal perfusion warrants further development, leading to prospective clinical trials in patients.
Mass spectrometry assays of plasma biomarkers to predict radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Ritter Susan Y , Collins Jamie , Krastins Bryan , Sarracino David , Lopez Mary , Losina Elena , Aliprantis Antonios O 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Biomarkers to identify osteoarthritis (OA) patients at risk for disease progression are needed. As part of a proteomic analysis of knee synovial fluid from normal and OA patients, differentially expressed proteins were identified that could represent potential biomarkers for OA. This study aimed to use mass spectrometry assays to identify representative peptides from several proteins in synovial fluid and peripheral blood, and assess their levels as biomarkers of OA progression.

Methods
Multiplexed high throughput selected reaction monitoring (SRM) assays were developed to measure tryptic peptides representative of 23 proteins in matched serum and synovial fluid samples from late OA subjects at the time of joint replacement. Subsequently plasma samples from the baseline visit of 173 subjects in an observational OA cohort were tested by SRM for peptides from nine of these proteins: afamin, clusterin, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, hepatocyte growth factor, kallistatin, insulin-like growth factor binding protein, acid labile subunit, lubricin, lumican, and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Linear regression was used to determine the association between the peptide biomarker level at baseline and change in joint space width (ΔJSW) from baseline to 30 months, adjusting for age and sex.

Results
In the matched cohort, 17 proteins could be identified in synovial fluid and 16 proteins were detected in serum. For the progression cohort, the average age was 62 and average ΔJSW over 30 months was 0.68 mm. A high correlation between different peptides from individual proteins was observed, indicating our assays correctly measured their target proteins. Peptides representative of clusterin, lumican and lubricin showed statistically significant associations with joint space narrowing after adjustment for age and sex. Partial R2 values showed clusterin FMETVAEK and lubricin LVEVNPK peptide biomarkers explains about 2 to 3% of the variability of ΔJSW, similar to that explained by age. A biomarker score combining normalized data for both lubricin and clusterin peptides increased the model R2 to 0.079.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that when combined, levels of peptides representative of clusterin and lubricin in plasma are as predictive of OA progression as age. Replication of these findings in other prospective OA cohorts is planned.
Gesture-controlled interactive three dimensional anatomy: A novel teaching tool in head and neck surgery
Authors: Hochman Jordan B , Unger Bertram , Kraut Jay , Pisa Justyn , Hombach-Klonisch Sabine 
Published: October 2014

Background There is a need for innovative anatomic teaching tools. This paper describes a three dimensional (3D) tool employing the Microsoft Kinect ™. Using this instrument, 3D temporal bone anatomy can be manipulated with the use of hand gestures, in the absence of mouse or keyboard. Methods CT Temporal bone data is imported into an image processing program and segmented. This information is then exported in polygonal mesh format to an in-house designed 3D graphics engine with an integrated Microsoft Kinect™. Motion in the virtual environment is controlled by tracking hand position relative to the user's left shoulder. Results The tool successfully tracked scene depth and user joint locations. This permitted gesture-based control over the entire 3D environment. Stereoscopy was deemed appropriate with significant object projection, while still maintaining the operator's ability to resolve image details. Specific anatomical structures can be selected from within the larger virtual environment. These structures can be extracted and rotated at the discretion of the user. Voice command employing the Kinect's™ intrinsic speech library was also implemented, but is easily confounded by environmental noise. Conclusion There is a need for the development of virtual anatomy models to complement traditional education. Initial development is time intensive. Nonetheless, our novel gesture-controlled interactive 3D model of the temporal bone represents a promising interactive teaching tool utilizing a novel interface.
Gene expression-based enrichment of live cells from adipose tissue produces subpopulations with improved osteogenic potential
Authors: Marble Hetal D , Sutermaster Bryan A , Kanthilal Manisha , Fonseca Vera C , Darling Eric M 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells have been increasingly used for cell-based therapies. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASCs) from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of fat tissue are a particularly attractive option for cell based therapy given their accessibility and relative abundance. However, their application in both clinical and basic science investigations is complicated by the isolation of differentiable cells within the SVF. Current enrichment strategies, such as monolayer passaging and surface marker-based sorting, can be time-consuming or overly stringent. Ideally, a population of cells with great regenerative capacity could be isolated with high yields so that extensive in vitro manipulation is not necessary. The objective of this study was to determine whether SVF cells sorted based on expression of alkaline phosphatase liver/bone/kidney (ALPL) resulted in populations with increased osteogenic differentiation potential.

Methods
SVF samples were obtained from four, human donors and processed to isolate initial, heterogeneous cell populations. These SVF cells underwent a four day osteogenic priming period, after which they were treated with a fluorescent, oligodeoxynucleotide molecular beacon probe specific for ALPL mRNA. Cells were separated into positive and negative groups using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) then differentiated down the osteogenic lineage. Differentiation was assessed by measuring calcified matrix production in each sample.

Results
Cells positive for ALPL expression (ALPL+) represented approximately 34% of the gated population, while cells negative for ALPL expression (ALPL-) represented approximately 18%. ALPL+ cells produced 3.7-fold and 2.1-fold more calcified matrix than ALPL- and unsorted SVF cells, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in osteogenic differentiation. Further, ALPL+ cells showed increases in metabolite production for both adipogenesis and chondrogenesis, suggesting that the enrichment process yields an enhanced multipotent phenotype. Osteogenic differentiation response and cell yields for ALPL+ cells were markedly improved over surface marker-sorted samples.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates a novel method to enrich heterogeneous SVF cells for increased osteogenic potential. The procedure requires less time and results in higher yields of therapeutically useful cells than other existing approaches. Gene expression-based sorting of MSCs is a potentially paradigm-shifting approach that could benefit applications spanning from basic science to clinical therapy.
Reviews
Authors: Wood Ray , Green William R. , Bartel David , Taylor Patrick , Treitel Sven 
Published: October 2014

The Billion Dollar Paperclip — Think Smarter About Your Data, by G. Short, ISBN 978-0989742603, 2013, Madeline Books, 154 pp., US $24.95 (e-book available). Geophysics for the Mineral Exploration Geoscientist, by M. Dentith and S. T. Mudge, ISBN 978-0-521-80951-1, 2014, Cambridge University Press, 438 pp., US $75 (e-book available). Principles of Seismic Velocities and Time-to-Depth Conversion, by M. Al-Chalabi, ISBN 978-90-73834-87-3, 2014, EAGE Publications, 488 pp., €125.00. Geological Interpretation of Aeromagnetic Data, by D. Isles and L. Rankin, ISBN 9780643098091, 2013, SEG, CD, US $102 ($88 members). Full Waveform Inversion in an Anisotropic World, by T. A. Alkhalifah, ISBN 13 978-90-73834-83-5, 2014, European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Education Tour Series, 2014, 204 pp., €75 (e-book available).
Supramolecularly Engineered Functional π-Assemblies Based on Complementary Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions
Authors: Yagai Shiki 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
As details of exciting photonic and electronic properties arising from self-assembled functional dyes and related π-conjugated molecules become clearer, strategies for control of short and long-range chromophore–chromophore orientations, regulation of π–π stacking arrangements, construction of self-organized nano-to-microscale architectures, diversification of materials properties, analysis of self-assembly pathways, and impartment of stimuli-responsive properties, are all becoming important issues in the research area of organic functional materials. This article focuses on the supramolecular assemblies of dyes and related π-conjugated systems whose organization processes are rationally controlled by complementary multiple hydrogen bonding (CMHB) interactions between melamine and barbituric acid/cyanurate functional units. The article includes an overview of the construction principle of such systems, but special attention is focused on the work carried out in the authors’s group (since 2002) using azobenzene, diarylethene, merocyanine, perylene bisimide dyes, and π-conjugated oligomers including oligo(p-phenylenevinylene), oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene), and oligothiophenes. The design principles discussed in this account could open up new avenues to novel functional aspect and application of functional dyes and small-molecular π-conjugated systems.
Case Report: Bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to Borrelia Burgdorferi
Authors: Basunaid Suhail , van der Grinten Chris , Cobben Nicole , Otte Astrid , Sprooten Roy , Gernot Rohde 
Published: October 2014

Summary:In this case report we describe a rare case of bilateral diaphragmatic dysfunction due to Lyme disease.Case report:A 62-years-old male presented to the hospital because of flu-like symptoms. During initial evaluation a bilateral diaphragmatic weakness with orthopnea and nocturnal hypoventilation was observed, without a known aetiology. Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was confirmed by fluoroscopy with a positive sniff test. The patient was referred to our centre for chronic non-invasive nocturnal ventilation (cNPPV). Subsequent investigations revealed evidence of anti-Borrelia seroactivity in EIA-IgG and IgG-blot, suggesting a recent infection with Lyme disease, and resulted in a 4-week treatment with oral doxycycline. The symptoms of nocturnal hypoventilation were successfully improved with cNPPV. However, our patient still shows impaired diaphragmatic function but he is no longer fully dependent on nocturnal ventilatory support. Conclusion:Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diaphragmatic dysfunction. It is a tick-borne illness caused by one of the three pathogenic species of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, present in Europe. A delay in recognizing the symptoms can negatively affect the success of treatment. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is considered a treatment option for patients with diaphragmatic paralysis.
GRANICE WOLNOŚCI RELIGIJNEJ — DYLEMAT WSPÓŁCZESNYCH DEMOKRACJI
Authors: Taczkowska-Olszewska Joanna 
Published: October 2014

Recenzja książki: Witold Sobczak, Wolność myśli, sumienia i religii. Poszukiwanie standardu europejskiego, Dom Wydawniczy Duet, Toruń 2013, 789 s.
Salivary morning androstenedione and 17α-OH progesterone levels in childhood and puberty in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: de Groot Monique J.M. , Pijnenburg-Kleizen Karijn J. , Thomas Chris M.G. , Sweep Fred C.G.J. , Stikkelbroeck Nike M.M.L. , Otten Barto J. , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTreatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency can be monitored by salivary androstenedione (A-dione) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) levels. There are no objective criteria for setting relevant target values or data on changes of 17OHP and A-dione during monitoring.We evaluated A-dione and 17OHP levels in nearly 2000 salivary samples collected during long-term treatment of 84 paediatric patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency.A-dione and 17OHP levels and its ratio 17OHP/A-dione remained constant from 4 to 11 years with no sex-related differences. During puberty, A-dione and 17OHP levels both increased, starting at earlier age in girls than in boys. The ratio 17OHP/A-dione declined. Normalised A-dione concomitant with elevated 17OHP [1.43 nmol/L (0.46–4.41) during prepuberty; 2.36 nmol/L (0.63–8.89) for boys and 1.99 nmol/L (0.32–6.98) for girls during puberty] could be obtained with overall median glucocorticoid doses of 11–15 mg/mNormalised A-dione consistent with 17OHP three times URL during prepuberty and normalised A-dione consistent with 4–6 times URL during puberty could be obtained by moderate glucocorticoid dosages. A constant 17OHP/A-dione ratio during prepuberty suggested absence of adrenarche. During puberty, a higher percentage of samples met the criteria for undertreatment, especially of boys.
Future of FEMA – Preparedness or Politics?
Authors: Kahan Jerome 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThroughout its history, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has been subjected to periods of criticism – notably, its response to Hurricane Katrina – sprinkled with peaks of praise – notably, its handling of Hurricane Sandy. As currently articulated, FEMA’s primary purpose is to better prepare states and local entities to respond to disasters by mitigating the consequences of those disasters and helping to start the recovery process. If first responders cannot adequately handle a situation, then federal operational assistance led by FEMA would come into play. FEMA is now on the proper path toward meeting realistic expectations of its role as the federal agency in charge of leading and coordinating efforts to ensure that the nation is well prepared to cope with natural disasters, accidents, and terrorist attacks. However, political forces have always buffeted FEMA. Within the politically charged atmosphere of the forthcoming presidential election, questions of whether FEMA should once again become independent are emerging, with hints of the more extreme suggestion that the agency be abolished. FEMA’s goal of continuing to effectively meet its disaster relief responsibilities can be reached only if political influences are not allowed to complicate and perhaps even halt its progress.
Voice, register and social position
Authors: Blackledge Adrian , Creese Angela , Kaur Takhi Jaspreet 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this article the notion of “community” is examined through a lens which focuses on the way people interact and communicate in and around a Panjabi complementary school. Analysis of linguistic ethnographic data contributes to understandings of how identities are produced and reproduced, and how belonging becomes naturalised. The analysis offers a means to develop a nuanced understanding of the complexity, unpredictability and mobility of late modern, urban “communities”. The article considers linguistic repertoires in play in two family settings, and views these repertoires through the lens of
Educational trajectories at the crossroads: The making and unmaking of multilingual communities of learners
Authors: Budach Gabriele 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the educational trajectories of young multilingual learners in Germany. Drawing on previous ethnographic research in a primary bilingual German-Italian Two-Way-Immersion classroom, this study examines the continuity and fragmentation of multilingual learning as they occur in the transition from primary to secondary education. Scrutinizing conditions and ideologies which underlie these processes, I argue that, in this context, multilingualism as an educational resource undergoes a fundamental meaning shift. While in primary school multilingualism is valued as capital for social inclusion, permitting the emergence of a temporary, spatio-temporally confined bilingual community of practice (Budach 2009), secondary education emphasizes multilingualism as a form of capital for social mobility and individual distinction, which undermines the conditions for a joint multilingual endeavor. The paper demonstrates how multilingual learners cope with this educational and societal imperative, locating their own position and navigating educational options available to them.
Complementary schools in action: Networking for language development in East London
Authors: Sneddon Raymonde 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn a challenging economic and political context, complementary schools in East London are mentoring each other and forming networks across communities to gain recognition and status for community languages in education and the wider community. As issues of power and status impact in different ways on differently situated communities, complementary schools are uniquely positioned to support the needs of new communities as they discover how quickly their children become dominant in English and lose the active use of the family language when they start school. The study is focused around an Albanian organisation that has developed a strong model of partnership by which mainstream and complementary schools work closely together to develop children’s multilingual skills. The study explores how the mentoring process has supported Polish, Somali, Portuguese and Lithuanian complementary schools to meet the language needs of their communities, to raise the local profile of their cultures, to raise awareness of the importance and value of bilingualism in community languages, and to support pupils to engage directly with examination boards and policy makers at both local and national level.
On not taking language inequality for granted: Hymesian traces in ethnographic monitoring of South Africa’s multilingual language policy
Authors: Hornberger Nancy H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSouth African higher education is at a critical juncture in the implementation of South Africa’s multilingual language policy promoting institutional status for nine African languages, English, and Afrikaans. South African scholars, not content merely to comment from the sidelines on the policy, its promise, and challenges, have also engaged in implementation efforts. This article explores two such initiatives, both focusing on the use of African languages in higher education institutions where English is already established as the medium of instruction, and both undertaken with explicit goals of righting South Africa’s longstanding social injustices. I collaborated with colleagues at the University of Limpopo and the University of KwaZulu-Natal to assess current implementation and identify next steps and strategies for achieving truly multilingual teaching, learning, and research at their institutions. Taking up Hymes’ (1980) call for ethnographic monitoring of bilingual education, I sought in each case to jointly describe and analyze current communicative conduct, uncover emergent patterns and meanings in program implementation, and evaluate program and policy in terms of social meanings. I argue that ethnographic monitoring in education offers one means toward
Percepciones y creencias sobre el estudio de la Filosofía de los estudiantes de la Educación Diversificada en Costa Rica / Perceptions and beliefs on the philosophy curriculum among costa rican Senior High School students
Authors: Carvajal Villaplana Álvaro 
Published: October 2014

<p>En 1998 se inicia el desarrollo de la investigación: "Situación de la enseñanza de la filosofía en la Educación Diversificada de Costa Rica", N° 743-99-298, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Filosóficas (INIF) de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR). El estudio se basó en una encuesta preparada para evaluar la enseñanza de la filosofía, a partir de la opinión y creencia de los estudiantes de la educación diversificada en Costa Rica que, en efecto, reciben filosofía. La encuesta evalúa cinco componentes: (a) Conocimiento del programa y objetivos del curso; (b) Percepción de la clase de filosofía; (c) Conocimiento de temas y autores; (d) Mediación pedagógica del personal docente y (e) Actitud hacia la filosofía. Para llevarla a cabo, esta encuesta se aplicó en el año 2002; se escogieron once regiones educativas del país y del total de regiones se entrevistaron a 543 estudiantes. En este trabajo se describen y analizan los principales resultados de esa encuesta.</p><p> </p><p>A research project on the teaching of philosophy in Costa Rica's senior high schools was began in 1998. It was registered at the Institute for Research in Philosophy, University of Costa Rica, as Project #743-99-298. The study is an evaluation of the teaching of philosophy, from the opinion and believes of the student in Costa Rica’s senior high schools. The survey evaluates five components:(a) Knowledge of the program and objectives of the course. (b) Perception of the philosophy classes. (c) Knowledge of topics and authors. (d) Pedagogic Mediation of the educational personnel and (e) Attitude toward the philosophy. The survey was applied in the year 2002. It is realized in eleven country’s educative regions. They interviewed to 543 students. In this paper the main results of the survey are described and analyzed.</p>