bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling passive sampling of hydrophilic compounds under time-variable aqueous concentrations
Authors: Becker Benjamin , Kochleus Christian , Spira Denise , Bachtin Julia , König Fabian , Meinecke Stefan , Möhlenkamp Christel , Booij Kees 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPassive sampling is a crucial method for evaluating concentrations of hydrophilic organic compounds in the aquatic environment, but it is insufficiently understood to what extent passive samplers capture the intermittent emissions that frequently occur for this group of compounds. In the present study, silicone sheets and styrene-divinyl benzene-reversed phase sulfonated extraction disks with and without a polyethersulfone membrane were exposed under semi-field conditions in a 31 m3 flume at three different flow velocities. Natural processes and spiking/dilution measures caused aqueous concentrations to vary strongly with time. The data were analyzed using two analytical models that account for these time-variable concentrations: a sampling rate model and a diffusion model. The diffusion model generally gave a better fit of the data than the sampling rate model, but the difference in residual errors was quite small (median errors of 19 vs. 25% for silicone and 22 vs. 25% for SDB-RPS samplers). The sampling rate model was therefore adequate enough to evaluate the time-integrative capabilities of the samplers. Sampler performance was best for SDB-RPS samplers with a polyethersulfone membrane, despite the occurrence of lag times for some compounds (0.1 to 0.4 days). Sampling rates for this design also spanned a narrower range (80 to 110 mL/day) than SDB-RPS samplers without a membrane (100 to 660 mL/day). The effect of biofouling was similar for all compounds and was consistent with a biofouling layer thickness of 150 µm.
AC conductivity, dielectric and thermal properties of hybrid composite: bagasse cellulose carbon nanofibers composite
Authors: Ibrahim S. S. , Ommeish Qamar , Khairy Sherif A. , Ibrahim Mostafa A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of incorporating carbon nanofibers (CNFs) into sugar cane cellulose at a high weight ratio (6 wt.%). Composite samples were prepared using a hot hydraulic press technique, and their thermal stability was analyzed through thermal gravitational analysis in a nitrogen environment. The results indicate that the cellulose-CNF composite exhibits a simplified single-stage decomposition compared to the more complex behavior observed in pure cellulose. FTIR analysis reveals the presence of –OH bonds, indicating enhanced hydrophilic properties in the composite. Dielectric spectroscopy, conducted over a frequency range of 100 Hz to 1 MHz, explores the effects of CNFs on the relaxation and conduction mechanisms at different temperatures. Parameters such as dielectric permittivity, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and complex impedance were studied, incorporating Jonscher’s equation, and the Havriliak–Negami model. The interplay between interfacial charge and cellulose crystallinity emerged as a crucial factor in the observed dielectric behavior. Overall, this research provides insights into the thermal and dielectric properties of cellulose/CNF composites, offering potential applications in diverse fields.
Unlocking Power: Impact of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Biomass Wood Pellets on Energy Release and Carbon Emissions in Power Sector
Authors: Scott Charlene , Desamsetty Tejaswi Maneesh , Rahmanian Nejat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the physical and mechanical properties of 12 biomass wood pellet samples utilised in a power generation, focusing on their implications for energy release and carbon emissions during combustion. Through comprehensive analysis involving bulk density measurements, compression tests, moisture analysis, calorimetry and controlled burning experiments, significant correlations among key properties are identified. Pellets with densities above 1100 kg/m3 demonstrate superior mechanical durability and strength, achieving maximum strengths of 0.6 to 0.8 kN with durability exceeding 99.4%. Optimal moisture content, typically between 6 and 7% is crucial for maximising density, bulk density, mechanical durability and fracture resistance, ensuring robust pellet structure and performance. The research underscores the impact of pellet dimensions, highlighting those longer lengths, > 12 mm enhance durability, while larger diameters > 8 mm exhibit reduced durability. Elemental analysis focusing on calcium, silicon and potassium plays a critical role in predicting and managing combustion system fouling, potentially reducing operational costs. Moreover, the study emphasises the significant influence of oxygen levels during combustion on CO2 emissions, achieving optimal results with moisture content in the 7–8% range for maximum higher heating value (HHV). The moisture content in the 14–15% range represents the lowest CO2 emission. The findings underscore the intricacy of the system and the interplay of parameters with one another. In accordance with the priority of each application, the selection of parameters warrants careful consideration.

Graphical Abstract
How to Harness the Power of GPT for Scientific Research: A Comprehensive Review of Methodologies, Applications, and Ethical Considerations
Authors: Park Ki-Seong , Choi Hongyoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancements in natural language processing, particularly with the development of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models, have opened up new avenues for researchers across various domains. This review article explores the potential of GPT as a research tool, focusing on the core functionalities, key features, and real-world applications of the GPT-4 model. We delve into the concept of prompt engineering, a crucial technique for effectively utilizing GPT, and provide guidelines for designing optimal prompts. Through case studies, we demonstrate how GPT can be applied at various stages of the research process, including literature review, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. The utilization of GPT is expected to enhance research efficiency, stimulate creative thinking, facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and increase the impact of research findings. However, it is essential to view GPT as a complementary tool rather than a substitute for human expertise, keeping in mind its limitations and ethical considerations. As GPT continues to evolve, researchers must develop a deep understanding of this technology and leverage its potential to advance their research endeavors while being mindful of its implications.
Transdermal fluocinolone acetonide loaded decorated hyalurosomes cellulose acetate/polycaprolactone nanofibers mitigated Freund’s adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats
Authors: ELhabal Sammar Fathy , El-Nabarawi Mohamed A. , Hassanin Soha Osama , Hassan Fatma E. , Abbas Samah S. , Gebril Sahar M. , Albash Rofida 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to develop a transdermal delivery system for fluocinolone acetonide (FLA), a corticosteroid used in treating inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to overcome the limitations of oral administration, such as poor solubility and bioavailability.

Methods
FLA-loaded PEG decorated hyalurosomes (FLA-PHs) were fabricated using ethanol injection, incorporating various Brij® surfactants and different amounts of hyaluronic acid (HA) based on a full factorial design. The impact of independent variables, HA amount (mg) (X1) and Brij type (X2) were inspected for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), and zeta potential (ZP). The optimum FLA-PHs were then incorporated into ε-polycaprolactone (PCL) and cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers to enhance sustained transdermal delivery (FLA-NFs).

Results
The optimum FLA-PHs exhibited EE% of 83.58 ± 0.69%, PS of 169.00 ± 1.41 nm, and ZP of -22.90 ± 0.14 mV. Morphological assessment of FLA-NFs showed promising results in terms of surface roughness. In a Freund-induced rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis, transdermal treatment with FLA-NFs significantly improved joint histopathological analyses. Furthermore, it suppressed inflammatory markers such as mTORC1, TNF-α, and NF-κB while upregulating TRIM24 and the anti-inflammatory IL-10.

Conclusion
FLA-NFs present a promising strategy for enhancing the transdermal delivery of FLA for managing RA, offering potential improvements in efficacy and reduced systemic side effects compared to conventional oral administration.
Exploring the causal association between frailty index with the common types of arthritis: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Sun Weichu , Xiao Hui , Li Yayun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Previous observational studies indicated a complex association between frailty and arthritis.

Aims
To investigate the genetic causal relationship between the frailty index and the risk of common arthritis.

Methods
We performed a large-scale Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess frailty index associations with the risk of common arthritis in the UK Biobank (UKB), and the FinnGen Biobank. Summary genome-wide association statistics for frailty, as defined by the frailty index, and common arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), psoriatic arthritis (PSA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The inverse-variance weight (IVW) method served as the primary MR analysis. Heterogeneity testing and sensitivity analysis were also conducted.

Results
Our results denoted a genetic association between the frailty index with an increased risk of OA, the odds ratio (OR)IVW in the UKB was 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.05; P = 0.007), and ORIVW was 1.55 (95% CI: 1.16–2.07; P = 0.003) in the FinnGen. For RA, the ORIVW from UKB and FinnGen were 1.03 (1.01–1.05, P = 0.006) and 4.57 (1.35–96.49; P = 0.025) respectively. For PSA, the frailty index was associated with PSA (ORIVW = 4.22 (1.21–14.67), P = 0.023) in FinnGen, not in UKB (P > 0.05). However, no association was found between frailty index and AS (P > 0.05). These results remained consistent across sensitivity assessments.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated a potential causal relationship that genetic predisposition to frailty index was associated with the risk of arthritis, especially RA, OA, and PSA, not but AS. Our findings enrich the existing body of knowledge on the subject matter.
Trattamento con le onde d’urto nella disfunzione erettile
Authors: Marinelli Lorenzo , Cagnina Serena , Bichiri Andreina , Castella Lorenzo , Ledda Francesca , Di Bisceglie Cataldo , Motta Giovanna 
Published: August 2024

SommarioLe onde d’urto a bassa intensità (LI-ESWT) emergono come un trattamento promettente per la disfunzione erettile (DE). Questa terapia non invasiva, che sfrutta l’utilizzo di onde acustiche, migliora il flusso sanguigno penieno con effetti positivi sulla funzionalità erettile. In letteratura sono emerse sempre maggiori evidenze rispetto all’efficacia delle LI-ESWT. I principali vantaggi di tale metodica includono la non invasività, i minimi effetti collaterali e la procedura eseguibile in setting ambulatoriale. Tuttavia, i costi della metodica, la necessità di sedute multiple e l’efficacia non garantita a tutte le classi di pazienti con DE rappresentano alcune limitazioni. Inoltre, sono ancora dubbi i benefici a lungo termine di tale terapia ed è ancora in fase di definizione un profilo chiaro dei pazienti che potrebbero trarne maggior vantaggio.
The Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Risks in Urban Rivers and Sediments of China’s Nine Major River Systems: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wang Yonglu , Chadwick Michael A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study is to analyze the spatial–temporal patterns, identify risk zones and explore the co-occurrence correlation of eight heavy metals (HMs) in urban rivers in nine river systems of China using a meta-analysis. A spatial–temporal analysis was conducted to analyze the variation trend of publications and HMs. Health risk and ecological risk assessment models were used to identify risk zones in river water and sediment, respectively. A co-occurrence network analysis was conducted to determine the co-occurrence correlation of HMs. The results demonstrated that cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) in river water in the Huaihe (region 5) and Haihe River systems were 20–40 times higher than the environmental quality standards; Hg, Cd, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were heavily accumulated in sediments in the Songliao (region 1), Yellow River (region 3) and Southeast Drainage (region 9) systems. Cr in river water in region 5 posed carcinogenic risks to urban residents through ingestion and dermal contact, while Cd and Cu posed high ecological risks in the sediments in regions 1, 3, 5 and 9. Multiple HMs exhibited significant co-occurrence correlations. In river water, the average clustering coefficients among lead (Pb), Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr and nickel ranged from 0.51 to 0.76. In sediments, eight HMs exhibited even more significant correlations, ranging from 0.34 to 0.81 (p < 0.05). The coexistence and strong correlation of HMs in urban river systems may exacerbate their potential risks.
Power (re)distribution: How dominant capital regained control of the Energiewende
Authors: Levi Tia , Israel Emil , Grubman Max 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Energiewende (energy transition) is the dynamic and contested project of energy transition in Germany. It encompasses both the sociotechnical transformation of the German electricity system and the reorganization of the sector’s ownership structure. In this paper, we present a Capital-as-Power (CasP) based analysis, investigating industrial path-dependency and innovation as part of the dialectics of power and sociotechnical change in capitalism. According to CasP, dominant capital seeks to increase its differential accumulation, i.e., accumulation relative to a benchmark. Energiewende policies initially decreased the differential accumulation of dominant electricity firms in Germany. However, we find that by concentrating their control over the shrinking conventional generation capacity, while variable generation expanded, dominant firms gained the leverage needed to increase differential prices and profits, thus managing to regain sectoral control by increasing their threat to reliable power supply. We find that these processes coincide with spatial centralization, ownership concentration, and decreasing penetration rates of renewable energy resources in Germany. By presenting new conceptual tools and empirical findings, we trace the ways in which the recovery of dominant capital in the German electricity sector shapes and restricts energy transition processes.
Development and application of a mechanical arm-based in situ 3D bioprinting method for the repair of skin wounds
Authors: Zhou Xue , Luo Yichen , Gao Yuanzhong , Ma Jien , Lin Cai , Zhou Xuhui , Li Qi , Yang Huayong , Zhang Bin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrent treatments for skin wounds typically involve multiple surgical procedures that require complex processes and expensive costs, making it difficult to achieve timely treatment in field environments. We developed an innovative in situ printing method, utilizing robotic arm control, to address the significant challenges of large-scale skin wound repair resulting from natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, and explosions during relief efforts. Our portable 3D printing equipment, which integrates debridement, precise 3D scanning and modeling of wounds, and compatibility with cell-loaded bioink, facilitates rapid repair of large-area skin wounds in specialized field environments. Compared with traditional methods, this in situ printing method has significant advantages, including the ability to customize treatment according to the unique needs of the wound, achieve rapid healing, and the potential to reduce the total cost. We conducted experiments on rats with full-thickness dorsal skin defects and compared the performance of in situ bioprinting method with commercial skin defect repair dressings. Our results demonstrate that the in situ bioprinted skin achieved faster wound healing and more uniform re-epithelialization than the commercial dressing treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of in situ bioprinting method as a promising and effective strategy for rapid skin wound healing, especially for patients in remote environments where traditional wound treatment methods may not be readily available or practical.
The Effect of Oil-based Polymer Coated CAN Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Triticum aestivum L. and Brassica napus L.
Authors: Antošovský Jiří , Ryant Pavel , Kriška Tomáš , Kučera Milan , Škarpa Petr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fertilization with nitrogen plays a crucial role in today’s agriculture characteristic with a high demand for production. The utilization of coated fertilizers represents a possible option to lower the number of applications, lower the dose and limit the risk of environmental losses. The effect of conventional calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) applied in a single application in blend (1:1 or 1:2) with oil-based polymer coated CAN in thicknesses of 4 (cCAN4) or 6% (cCAN6) by weight of the fertilizer on the yield and quality of winter wheat and oilseed rape was evaluate. The average yields of winter wheat were not significantly influenced by the examined fertilization in either the growing season (GS) or the experimental site. On the contrary, the qualitative parameters on average resulted in lower values in comparison with the control (split N fertilization), possibly due to the single application of nitrogen in early spring. The examined treatments significantly influenced the seed yield of oilseed rape in both GS and both experimental sites. On average, the highest yield of seed (2.8 t/ha) was observed on treatment cCAN4 in a 1:2 ratio. This represents a significant increase by 24.8% compared to the control (2.2 t/ha). Similarly, to winter wheat, the qualitative parameter of oilseed rape (oil content) was lower after the examined blends with coated CAN. The fertilization of oilseed rape with blends of uncoated and coated CAN applied in the single application is a validate alternative to commonly used split nitrogen doses applied repeatedly during vegetation.
Separation axioms on fuzzy neutrosophic bitopological spaces using fuzzy neutrosophic open sets
Authors: Miah Saikh Shahjahan , Lily Farhana Tabassum , Amin Md. Ruhul , Karim Rezaul , Akbar M. Ali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIndeterminacy, non-membership and membership, have been studied in a neutrosophic set (NS). Using the notion of NS, neutrosophic topological space (NTS) and neutrosophic bitopological spaces have been developed. The well-known properties (separation axioms) of neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-topological and bitopological spaces $$(i=0, 1, 2)$$

(
i
=
0
,
1
,
2
)

are different types of neutrosophic spaces with different characteristics. Here, we define the idea of fuzzy neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-bitopological space $$(i=0, 1, 2)$$

(
i
=
0
,
1
,
2
)

through the neutrosophic bitopological space and look into its various characteristics. From neutrosophic $${\text{T}}_{i}$$

T
i

-bitopological space ($$i=0, 1, 2$$

i
=
0
,
1
,
2

), we demonstrate some intriguing findings with examples about the neutrosophic separation axioms.
Physical features of unplanned settlements in Herat City, Afghanistan
Authors: Hanif Asadullah , Barak Tamanna , Loodin Najibullah , Duque Carlos , Zakeri Jalil Ahmad , Mirzahi Shakib , Nadeem Ghulam Farooq 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe increase in urban population growth has contributed to the expansion of unplanned settlements, especially in developing countries. Triggered by the lack of government oversight, the expansion of these settlements is characterized by unique economic, social, physical, and functional attributes. This study aims at exploring the physical features of unplanned settlements in District 4th of Herat city, western Afghanistan. Employing a mixed-research method, we integrated spatial analysis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) into detailed field observations to get a better understanding of the characteristics of the formation of these informal settlements. Our findings shed light on a number of key physical features including irregular street layouts, inadequate drainage systems, and substandard construction materials, irregular buildings in term of layout, number of floors, and building density. The features of unplanned urban morphology contribute to socio-economic loss and environmental degradation due to the absence of critical infrastructures including water infrastructures and the presence of unplanned streets in under-resourced unplanned settlements. In fact, the absence of government’s efforts in monitoring the development of unplanned settlements hinders the provision of essential services and infrastructures in the informal settlement communities. Our assertion is that the findings of this research will help policy makers in Afghanistan to reconsider their policies and decisions on urban development and growth, particularly in the poorer and under-served unplanned settlements in major cities in Afghanistan.
Efficacy of cardiopulmonary bypass method with blood delivery via femoral artery cannulation for paediatric aortic arch repair
Authors: Yamamoto Tomohiro , Wolf Hans Gerd , Asfour Boulos , Schindler Ehrenfried 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The efficacy of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) management with blood delivery via femoral artery cannulation for paediatric aortic arch repair has yet to be reported. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that this CPB method would reduce lactate elevation compared to CPB management using circulatory arrest of the lower body under deep hypothermia.

Methods
This study included patients who underwent paediatric aortic arch repairs between March 2012 and March 2018 at the German Paediatric Heart Centre, Sankt Augustin. Patients who were repumped intraoperatively were excluded. Group A (lower body circulatory arrest), Group F (retrograde aortic perfusion via femoral artery cannulation), and Group D (antegrade descending aortic perfusion) included 41, 18, and 15 patients, respectively. The CPB records were retrospectively reviewed for the minimum body temperature during CPB (℃), lactate levels before CPB (mmol/L), CPB duration (min), aortic clamp time duration (min), total urine output (mL) and changes in lactate levels during CPB (mmol/L).

Results
The minimum body temperatures during CPB were 16.79 ± 1.48℃, 23.73 ± 4.67℃, and 30.59 ± 2.35 ℃ in Groups A, F, and D, respectively. The increases in lactate levels during CPB in Group F (1.06 ± 0.94) were significantly lower than in Group A (1.66 ± 0.90, p = 0.033); however, no different from Group D (0.92 ± 1.13, p = 0.807).

Conclusion
This CPB method is a promising alternative to the CPB method using antegrade descending aortic perfusion for paediatric aortic arch repair.

Trial registration
UMIN000052933.