bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informational approach of family spin-offs in the funding process of innovative projects: an empirical verification
Authors: Campanella Francesco , Giudice Manlio Del , Peruta Maria Rosaria Della 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In recent years, the increase in competitiveness, as a result of the economic globalization and crisis, has caused the bankruptcy of many Italian small family businesses working in traditional industries. Meanwhile, family firms that have been working in a perspective of process and product innovation have been able to maintain a durable competitive advantage. In particular, enterprises that have shown a particular vitality are spin-offs, founded by an innovator entrepreneur with an academic background: these have often found their funding in self-financing and family and public resources in the pre-seed and seed stages of the project. However, these spin-offs often have difficulty financing the start-up phase of the project with external resources due to risk and informational opacity related to innovative processes.
The literature grounded on innovation funding has highlighted the informative opacity problem mainly caused by family entrepreneurs' difficulty to communicate innovation characteristics and commercial potential to financial markets and by the inability to identify individuals who are more available to finance innovative investments. Therefore, it is particularly difficult for investors to assess family small- and medium-sized enterprises' economic feasibility of innovative projects. These difficulties have increased in recent years partly due to the economic crisis that, on the one hand, has made venture capitalists more risk averse and, on the other, has contributed to a gradual hardening of enterprises' creditworthiness system adopted by financial brokers.
The research focuses on the analysis of the information problem that hinders the external financing aimed at innovation in family academic spin-offs. In particular, the authors intend to investigate the information dynamics between the innovator entrepreneur and external financiers. So, this research is useful to better identify what informative gaps impede innovative investments in Italy among innovator entrepreneurs and founders through venture capital and debt capital.
Variants in SULT2A1 Affect the DHEA Sulphate to DHEA Ratio in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome But Not the Hyperandrogenic Phenotype
Authors: Louwers Yvonne V. , de Jong Frank H. , van Herwaarden Nathalie A. A. , Stolk Lisette , Fauser Bart C. J. M. , Uitterlinden André G. , Laven Joop S. E. 
Published: July 2013

Context:
Because of the elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the heritability of DHEAS serum levels, genes encoding the enzymes that control the sulfation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to DHEAS and vice versa are obvious candidate genes to explain part of the heritability of PCOS.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the role of genetic variants in sulfotransferase (SULT2A1), 3-phosphoadenosine 5-phosphosulfate synthase isoform 2 (PAPSS2), and steroid sulfatase (STS) in PCOS and in hormone levels related to the hyperandrogenic phenotype of PCOS.

Design:
This was a candidate-gene study.

Patients:
The discovery set consisted of 582 patients and 2017 controls.

Main Outcome Measures:
A pruned subset of 28 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SULT2A1, PAPSS2, and STS was generated based on pairwise genotypic correlation. Association with PCOS was tested, and we studied whether the SNPs modulate DHEAS levels, DHEA levels, and their ratio in PCOS. Significant SNPs were replicated in an independent sample of patients.

Results:
None of the SNPs in SULT2A1, PAPSS2, and STS constituted risk alleles for PCOS. SNP rs2910397 in SULT2A1 decreased the DHEAS to DHEA ratio in PCOS by 5% in the discovery sample. Meta-analysis of discovery and replication sample resulted in a combined effect of −0.095 (P = .027). However, carrying the minor T allele did not contribute to differences in the hyperandrogenic phenotype, including the levels of T and androstenedione, of PCOS patients.

Conclusions:
Genetic variants in SULT2A1, PAPSS2, and STS do not predispose to PCOS. Although a variant in SULT2A1 decreased the DHEAS to DHEA ratio, no changes in other androgenic hormone levels were observed.
Creative choice – on whose authority
Authors: Main Lesley 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article considers issues of legacy and tradition alongside the impact of choice on the choreographic processes involved in restaging modern/contemporary works by Merce Cunningham, Jose Limón and Doris Humphrey. The work of these three choreographers represents a cross-section of staging practices that have evolved over time as a response to the absence of the choreographer. The relevance of these practices in a broader context is that they demonstrate possibilities for choreographers working today whose work is significant to our cultural heritage.
Working Mums and Informal Care Givers: The Anticipation Effect
Authors: Korn Evelyn , Wrede Matthias 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Fertility and the provision of long-term care are connected by an aspect that has not received attention so far: both are time consuming activities that can be produced within the household or bought at the market and are, thus, connected through the intertemporal budget constraint of the household that accounts for time and money. This paper models that link and analyzes the effect of intervention in the long-term-care market on female labor-market related decisions. It shows that women’s fertility and their labor supply when young are affected by such policies. The overall effect can be decomposed into an opportunity-cost effect and a consumption-smoothing effect that each impact fertility as well as labor supply in opposite directions. Using survey data, the paper provides some evidence that in the member states of the European Union the consumption-smoothing effect is dominant.
Impact of Voucher Design on Public School Performance: Evidence from Florida and Milwaukee Voucher Programs
Authors: Chakrabarti Rajashri 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article compares two alternative voucher designs implemented in the U.S. The Milwaukee program was a “voucher shock” program that made low-income students eligible for vouchers. The Florida program was an accountability-tied voucher program that faced failing schools with “threat of vouchers” and stigma. In the context of a formal theoretical model, the study argues that the threatened schools will improve under the Florida-type program and this improvement will exceed that of the corresponding treated schools under the Milwaukee-type program. Using school-level scores from Florida and Wisconsin, and a difference-in-differences estimation strategy in trends, it then finds strong support in favor of these predictions.
Effect of intramolecular hydrogen bonding on biomimetic reactions by flavins
Authors: Geetanjali  , Singh Ram 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Selected 6- and 7-carboxyflavins activate H2O2, oxidizing thioanisole to its sulfoxide. The greater reactivity of the 6-carboxyflavin derivatives are ascribed to the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between N(5) and the carboxyl group of the flavin system.
Eternity and functionality – rational access to physiologically relevant cell lines
Authors: Lipps Christoph , May Tobias , Hauser Hansjörg , Wirth Dagmar 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the first 50 years of cell culture, the development of new cell lines was mainly based on trial and error. Due to the understanding of the molecular networks of aging, senescence, proliferation, and adaption by mutation, the generation of new cell lines with physiologic properties has become more systematic. This endeavor has been supported by the availability of new technological achievements and increasing knowledge about the biology of cell differentiation and cell-cell communication. Here, we review some promising developments that are contributing toward this goal. These include molecular tools frequently used for the immortalization process. In addition to these broadly acting immortalization regimens, we focus on the developments of cell type-specific immortalization and on the methodologies of how to control the growth of newly established cell lines.
Bounded presentations of Kac–Moody groups
Authors: Capdeboscq Inna 
Published: July 2013

Abstract.
In this article we extend the result of Guralnick, Kantor, Kassabov and Lubotzky to the affine Kac–Moody groups: we show that there exists a constant such that every affine Kac–Moody group defined over a finite field ,
(with the exception of and ), has a presentation σ with .
We then derive the consequences of this result for the 2-spherical Kac–Moody groups.
Graft copolymerization of poly(vinyl acetate) onto starch using KMnO4-H2SO4 redox system
Authors: Qu Baohan , Li Hongchun , Niu Yongsheng 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The graft copolymerization of poly(vinyl acetate) [poly(VAc)] onto starch was studied using the KMnO4-H2SO4 redox system. The grafting parameters are favored by changing the concentration of KMnO4, the concentration of acid, the temperature, the time, and the concentration of monomer. A maximum graft yield of 38.3% was obtained at optimum conditions: KMnO4 concentration=3.0×10-3 mol/l, concentration of acid=1.5×10-2 mol/l, temperature=40°C, time=3 h, and concentration of monomer=1 mol/l. The grafting of poly(VAc) onto starch was confirmed by the IR spectra of pure sago starch, poly(VAc), and poly(VAc) grafted starch. Both swelling power and solubility increased with the increase in temperature. Graft copolymerization increased swelling power and reduced solubility. This material may have use as an application as a biodegradable plastic.
Transcriptional regulation of mouse mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor in Neuro2a cells
Authors: Oh-Hashi Kentaro , Hirata Yoko , Kiuchi Kazutoshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is a novel type of trophic factor. Recent studies indicate that the MANF gene is induced in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through ER stress response element II (ERSE-II) in its 5′-flanking region. In this study, we evaluated the roles of six ER stress response transcription factors in the regulation of the promoter activities of the mouse MANF gene via ERSE-II using various types of mutant MANF luciferase reporter constructs. Treatment with thapsigargin (Tg) induced MANF mRNA generation in parallel with the elevation of ATF6α, sXBP and Luman mRNA levels in Neuro2a cells. Of the six transcription factors, ATF6β most strongly increased the MANF promoter activity via ERSE-II, while the effects of ATF6β and sXBP1 were moderate. However, overexpression of Luman or OASIS did not enhance ERSE-II-dependent MANF promoter activity in Neuro2a cells. To evaluate the relationships between transcription factors in the regulation of ERSE-II-dependent MANF promoter activity, we transfected two effective transcription factor constructs chosen from ATF6α, ATF6β, uXBP1 and sXBP1 into Neuro2a cells with the MANF reporter construct. The MANF promoter activity induced by co-transfection of ATF6α with ATF6β was significantly lower than that induced by ATF6α alone, while other combinations did not show any effect on the ERSE-II-dependent MANF promoter activity in Neuro2a cells. Our study is the first to show the efficiency of ER stress-related transcription factors for ERSE-II in activating the transcription of the mouse MANF gene in Neuro2a cells.
Identification of microRNAs potentially involved in male sterility of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis using microRNA array and quantitative RT-PCR assays
Authors: Jiang Jianxia , Jiang Jingjing , Yang Yafei , Cao Jiashu 
Published: July 2013

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of newly identified, noncoding, small RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression. Many miRNAs are reportedly involved in plant growth, development and stress response processes. However, their roles in the sexual reproduction mechanisms in flowering plants remain unknown. Pollen development is an important process in the life cycle of a flowering plant, and it is closely related to the yield and quality of crop seeds. This study aimed to identify miRNAs involved in pollen development. A microarray assay was conducted using the known complementary sequences of plant miRNAs as probes on inflorescences of a sterile male line (Bcajh97-01A) and a fertile male line (Bcajh97-01B) of the Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis cv. ‘Aijiaohuang’ genic male sterility sister line system (Bcajh97-01A/B). The results showed that 44 miRNAs were differently expressed in the two lines. Of these, 15 had over 1.5-fold changes in their transcript levels, with 9 upregulated and 6 downregulated miRNAs in inflorescences of ‘Bcajh97-01A’ sterile line plants. We then focused on 3 of these 15 miRNAs (miR158, miR168 and miR172). Through computational methods, 13 family members were predicted for these 3 miRNAs and 22 genes were predicted to be their candidate target genes. By using 5’ modified RACE, 2 target genes of miR168 and 5 target genes of miR172 were identified. Then, qRT-PCR was applied to verify the existence and expression patterns of the 3 miRNAs in the flower buds at five developmental stages. The results were generally consistent with those of the microarray. Thus, this study may give a valuable clue for further exploring the miRNA group that may function during pollen development.
The Role of the Dance Dramaturg: The Practical Necessities
Authors: Langley Elizabeth 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: As a dramaturge, I mostly work on original creations during late rehearsals and production. Parallel to the survival and development of my own creativity, my dedication has always been to establish relationships with students and fellow artists, awarding them the same privileges that I would like others to bestow on me. I want my process and creation to be respected and I want to be encouraged and led by my dramaturge to explore what is not being communicated to its fullest potential. The artist’s work has nothing to do with the creative ideas of the dramaturge and limiting access to context establishes and protects this factor. It is the information withheld, the questions asked, and the verbal exchanges that can help achieve the desired results. Proof of success is when the artist is personally confident that what they want to communicate is strong and clear.
Paradoxes of the Dance Dramaturg
Authors: Montaignac Katya , Esling Natalia 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: In dance, the dramaturg’s duty corresponds for the most part to an ”art of watching.” The dramaturg’s process is part of a relationship that is at once intimate and distant. As an accomplice he/she is accompanying the choreographer in the development and structuring of the dance work. In fact, the dramaturg actively participates in its conception through his/her reflection, perception, and questioning. In this way, the dramaturg places himself/herself in a paradoxical position: at once outside and inside, both a stranger and partner, a critic and confidante. Although the dramaturg works from behind the scenes, his/her role is essential: he/she is interrogating the choreographer about intentions and artistic decisions with the purpose of helping him/her articulate (and accept) ideas that are often unconscious or intuitive.
What Are You Doing? Dramaturgical Approaches to Eesti: Myths and Machines
Authors: Brown Lois 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: What are you doing? Dramaturgical approaches to ”Eesti: Myths and Machines’ is an account of Lois Brown’s exploration of her deepening dramaturgical approaches and examination of meaning-making in the creation and rehearsal process for choreographer Peter Trostmer’s Eesti: Myths and Machines. Primary accounts of the process from Peter, Lois, and collaborator Thea Patterson discuss consensus, conflict, and reflection. Writing, Video-documentation, note-taking, and journaling are analyzed as dramaturgical tools.
Moving Thoughts
Authors: Barton Bruce 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: Bruce Barton considers the challenges in arriving at an effective vocabulary for describing movement dramaturgy in theatre and dance. He reviews his own practice as a movement dramaturg over 25 years of professional practice, offering descriptions of his function and role in several current case study situations (Theatre Gargantua, bluemouth inc., Kaeja d’Dance). Ultimately, Barton proposes the concept of ”inter/actuality’ as a ”dramaturgical perspective that can allow creator/performers to recognize and work with what a performance is doing, rather than what it is trying to be.’
Transmission: Dramaturgical Bodies
Authors: Taylor Heidi , Marquardt Tanya 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACT: ”Transmission: Dramaturgical Bodies’ reflects on the experience of the creation and rehearsal process of Tanya Marquardt’s play Transmission. It recognizes aspects of the process that were unique to the collaborative team, while identifying larger principles at work in the dramaturgical system for the piece. Quoting from emails with creator Tanya Marquardt, the article describes the creative genesis and rehearsal strategies that developed the ensemble while generating material. Finally, it places the dramaturg’s body firmly in the midst of the creation process, while recognizing the inherent dramaturgical roles of the actors’ bodies as well.
Ground-penetrating radar measurements of 64 Austrian glaciers between 1995 and 2010
Authors: Fischer Andrea , Kuhn Michael 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe ongoing retreat of mountain glaciers necessitates the development of future scenarios of glacier runoff. These scenarios are not only governed by future climate scenarios influencing glacier mass balance but also by the glacier volumes, which are subject to melt. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a valuable tool for measuring the thickness of mountain glaciers, although ground-based measurements are labour-intensive, so not all glaciers can be surveyed. This study presents the results of GPR surveys on 64 Alpine glaciers, carried out between 1995 and 2010. The glacier areas range from 0.001 to 18.4 km2, and their ice thickness was surveyed with an average density of 36 points km-2. The point measurements were extrapolated manually to derive volume maps. The mean ice thickness varies between 10 and 92 m; the maximum ice thickness is about three times the mean thickness. According to the glacier state recorded in the second glacier inventory, the 64 glaciers cover an area of 223.3 ± 3.6 km2, with a mean thickness of 50 ± 3 m and a glacier volume of 11.9 ± 1.1 km3. The mean maximum ice thickness is 119 ± 5m.
Changes in ice thickness and flow velocity of Yala Glacier, Langtang Himal, Nepal, from 1982 to 2009
Authors: Sugiyama Shin , Fukui Kotaro , Fujita Koji , Tone Kenta , Yamaguchi Satoru 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo investigate recent glacier changes in the Himalayan region, we carried out GPS and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) measurements at Yala Glacier, a benchmark glacier in Nepal. Glacier surface elevation and ice thickness were surveyed along a 1.5 km profile from the glacier top to the terminus. Ice flow velocity was measured at five locations by surveying stakes for either 1 year or 4 day periods. Obtained surface elevation and ice velocity were compared with those measured in 1982 and 1996. The mean ice thickness along the radar profile was 36 m in 2009 and the ice has been thinning at rates of-0.69 ±0.25 and -0.75 ± 0.24 m a-1 during the periods 1982-96 and 1996-2009, respectively. The thinning rate increases down-glacier, reaching a magnitude up to -1.8 m a-1 near the terminus from 1996 to 2009. The ice velocity has reduced by >70% from 1982 to 2009 in the lower half of the glacier. By assuming a constant driving stress over the glacier, the total ice volume in 2009 was estimated as 0.061 km3. Our results indicate that Yala Glacier has lost ∼40% of its ice volume over the last 27 years and that the rate of the mass loss has accelerated over the last decade.
Architecture, Ethical Perception, and Educating for Moral Responsibility
Authors: Haji Ishtiyaque , Cuypers Stefaan E. , Joye Yannick 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper explores elements of architecture’s influence on moral responsibility and educating for responsible agency. It does so by forging relevant connections among architecture, an Aristotelian account of ethical perception, and child education. The Aristotelian account underpins our proposal that architecture’s embodied values have a significant impact on responsibility’s agency requirement, thereby opening the doors to architecture’s influence on educating for responsibility.
Martial Somaesthetics
Authors: Mullis Eric C. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In this essay I consider the aesthetic merit of martial arts practice. I argue that the practice fosters kinesthetic appreciation, rich somaesthetic experiences of psycho-somatic integrity, and experiences of martial grace for martial artists. Further, I argue that a trained eye can appreciate variations in style, the expression of effortless technique, and the expression of embodied energy that more generally characterizes classical Chinese aesthetics. The essay is pertinent since it advances the field of somaesthetics and fosters discussions regarding the intersection of martial arts, sports, and dance.