bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Logics of Diffusion and Link Changes on Social Networks
Authors: Baccini Edoardo , Christoff Zoé , Verbrugge Rineke 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a comprehensive logical framework to reason about threshold-driven diffusion and threshold-driven link change in social networks. It considers both monotonic dynamics, where agents can only adopt new features and create new connections, and non-monotonic dynamics, where agents may also abandon features or cut ties. Three types of operators are combined: one capturing diffusion only, one capturing link change only, and one capturing both at the same time. We first characterise the models on which diffusion of a unique feature and link change stabilise, whilst discussing salient properties of stable models with multiple spreading features. Second, we show that our operators (and any combination of them) are irreplaceable, in the sense that the sequences of model updates expressed by a combination of operators cannot always be expressed using any other operators. Finally, we analyse classes of models on which some operators can be replaced.
Proposal of Troglocephalinae n. subfam. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) to accommodate existing and two new monocotylids from the gills of rhinopristiform shovelnose rays
Authors: Vaughan David B. , Hansen Haakon , Chisholm Leslie A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTroglocephalinae n. subfam. is proposed for Spinuris Doran, 1953, Neoheterocotyle Hargis, 1955, Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967, Troglocephalus rhinobatidis Young, 1967 (previously incertae sedis), Nonacotyle pristis Ogawa, 1991, Mehracotyle insolita Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002, Scuticotyle cairaen. gen. et sp., and Brancheocotyle imbricatan. gen. et sp. All members of the proposed new subfamily are gill parasites of shovelnose rays of the order Rhinopristiformes. The subfamilies Heterocotylinae Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995, and Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957, are amended to exclude Spinuris, Nonacotyle, Neoheterocotyle, and Anoplocotyloides and Mehracotyle, respectively. Heterocotylinae includes gill parasites of members of the orders Myliobatiformes and Torpediniformes. Dasybatotreminae includes parasites of the gills and pharyngeal cavity of members of the orders Myliobatiformes and Rajiformes. A revised phylogeny of the Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 is presented and discussed, based on 28S rDNA sequences, including new sequences for Myliocotyle pteromylaei Neifer, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1999, Heterocotyle tokoloshei Vaughan & Chisholm, 2010, Neoheterocotyle robii Vaughan & Chisholm, 2010, and the two newly proposed species and genera. Additional locality records are also provided for Monocotylidae from off South Africa.
Enhanced Air Quality Prediction through Spatio-temporal Feature Sxtraction and Fusion: A Self-tuning Hybrid Approach with GCN and GRU
Authors: Liu Bao , Qi Zhi , Gao Lei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAccurate prediction of air quality change is essential for air pollution control and human daily mobility. Due to the strong spatial and temporal correlation of air quality changes, existing air quality prediction methods often face the problem of low prediction accuracy due to insufficient extraction of spatio-temporal features. In this paper, we proposed a self-tuning spatio-temporal neural network (ST2NN) to enhance air quality prediction. ST2NN model consisted of four modules. First, ST2NN model constructed a temporal feature extraction module and a spatial feature extraction module based on gated recurrent unit (GRU) and graph convolutional neural network (GCN), respectively, and the two feature extraction modules adopted a parallel structure, which could effectively extract the spatio-temporal features in data. Additionally, ST2NN model constructed a feature fusion module based on gating mechanism to delineate the contribution of spatio-temporal features to the predicted values. Further, ST2NN model constructed a Hyperband hyperparameter optimization module based on Hyperband optimization algorithm to automatically adjust the network hyperparameters. The structure of ST2NN model endowed it with excellent spatio-temporal feature extraction and parameter adaptability. ST2NN model was evaluated and compared with existing models, including convolutional long short-term memory neural network (ConvLSTM), GRU, combined convolutional neural network and long short-term memory neural network (CNN-LSTM), and GCN-LSTM for air quality index (AQI) prediction using data from twelve monitoring stations in Beijing, China. Across all four evaluation indexes, ST2NN model outperformed the comparative models, improving prediction accuracy by 0.51%-10.18% (measured using $${R}^{2}$$

R

2

). From the experimental results, it can be seen that ST2NN model constructed from the perspective of spatio-temporal feature extraction has better prediction performance compared with the existing air quality prediction model, which provides a new method for air quality prediction and has certain application value.
Site matters: site-specific factors control phosphorus retention in buffer strip soils under concentrated field runoff
Authors: Ramler David , Strauss Peter 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil erosion from agricultural fields is a persistent ecological problem, potentially leading to eutrophication of aquatic habitats in the catchment area. Often used and recommended mitigation measures are vegetated filter strips (VFS) as buffer zones between arable land and water bodies. However, if they are designed and managed poorly, nutrients — especially phosphorus (P) — may accumulate in the soil. Ultimately, VFS can switch from being a nutrient sink to a source. This problem is further aggravated if the field runoff does not occur as uniform sheet flow, but rather in concentrated form, as is usually the case. To assess the impact of concentrated flow on VFS performance, we have taken soil core samples from field-VFS transition zones at six sites in Lower Austria. We determined a multitude of physical and chemical soil parameters, focusing on P fractions and indices. Our results revealed that concentrated flow can lead to an accumulation of P in the VFS. P levels in the VFS inside the area of concentrated runoff can be equal to or higher than in the field, even though they receive no direct fertilization. However, the concentration and distribution of nutrients in the fields and VFSs were also site-specific and affected by local factors such as the age of the VFS, cropping, and fertilization. Accordingly, there is a need for more sophisticated, bespoke VFS designs that can cope with site-specific runoff volumes and movements of nutrients that occur.
Global research progression on electro-catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells between 1992 and 2023 using bibliometric indicators
Authors: Magama Nolufefe , Ojemaye Mike O. , Manene Ntobeko C. , Okoh Omobola O. , Okoh Anthony I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, there has been an increase in the awareness of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). This study analysed the research activities on electro-catalysts for DMFCs from 1992 to 2023 using bibliometric analysis. This was achieved by extracting the relevant data from web of science (https://www.webofknowledge.com), and retrieved data were analysed by using the Rstudio software. A total of 1912 documents were recovered from this database. Rstudio outputs were annual scientific production, most productive authors, top manuscripts per citations, corresponding author’s countries, total citations per country, most relevant sources, most relevant keywords, and research collaboration index. It was observed from the retrieved data that there is an increase in publications of research on electro-catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells from 1992 to 2020. A huge drop was observed from 2021 to 2023. The data provided a documents per author of 0.408 and authors per document of 2.45. It is observed that collaboration index is 2.48. China, USA, and Korea are the top 3 countries in both total citations and countries with most articles in this field. This study is of great help in informing communities, researchers, policy makers, and industries about the importance of DMFC development in providing alternative power source.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Occult Hypoxemia Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Parr Nicholas J. , Beech Erin H. , Young Sarah , Valley Thomas S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
There is growing concern that pulse oximeters are routinely less accurate in hospitalized patients with darker skin pigmentation, in turn increasing risk of undetected (occult) hypoxemia and adverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence on racial and ethnic disparities in occult hypoxemia prevalence and clinical impacts of undetected hypoxemia.

Methods
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant articles published through January 2024. Eligible studies must have been conducted among adults in inpatient or outpatient settings and report occult hypoxemia prevalence stratified by patient race or ethnicity, or clinical outcomes stratified by patient race or ethnicity and occult hypoxemia status. Screening for inclusion was conducted independently by two investigators. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment were conducted by one investigator then checked by a second. Outcome data were synthesized using random-effects meta-analyses.

Results
Fifteen primary studies met eligibility criteria and reported occult hypoxemia prevalence in 732,505 paired oximetry measurements from 207,464 hospitalized patients. Compared with White patients, occult hypoxemia is likely more common among Black patients (pooled prevalence ratio = 1.67, 95% CI 1.47 to 1.90) and among patients identifying as Asian, Latinx, Indigenous, multiracial, or other race or ethnicity (pooled prevalence ratio = 1.39, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.64). Findings from studies reporting clinical outcomes suggest that Black patients with undetected hypoxemia may experience poorer treatment delivery outcomes than White patients with undetected hypoxemia. No evidence was found from outpatient settings.

Discussion
This review and included primary studies rely on self-identified race or ethnicity, which may obscure variability in occult hypoxemia risk. Findings underscore that clinicians should be aware of the risk of occult hypoxemia in hospitalized patients with darker skin pigmentation. Moreover, oximetry data from included studies suggests that the accuracy of pulse oximeters could vary substantially from patient to patient and even within individual patients.

Trial Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42023402152).
AdSegNet: a deep network to localize billboard in outdoor scenes
Authors: Dhang Sukriti , Zhang Mimi , Dev Soumyabrata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, there has been a remarkable expansion in the popularity of online videos, due to the variety of content that has become accessible on the internet. This expansion presents an opportunity for advertising and marketing agencies to take advantage of targeted advertisements. Targeted advertisements can be accomplished by replacing an existing advertisement within an image frame with a new one. There is a limited amount of research on the general task of localizing billboard or advertisement board in outdoor scenes. Therefore, in this study, we proposed a deep neural network that uses a fusion of VGG16 and SegNet architecture to accurately identify the location of an advertisement in an image frame. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method, we compare our proposed method to other semantic segmentation algorithms using a publicly available dataset of outdoor scenes annotated with binary maps of billboards. Our experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 98.58% training accuracy for billboard localization, while testing results gave 96.43% testing accuracy. Additionally, the low RMSE score of our AdSegNet model suggests that it can accurately determine the four corners of the billboard. Therefore, our approach could be beneficial to advertising and marketing agencies that seek to utilize targeted advertisements
Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Selenium Species Induced by Tofersen Administration in Subjects with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Carrying SOD1 Gene Mutations
Authors: Vinceti Marco , Urbano Teresa , Filippini Tommaso , Bedin Roberta , Simonini Cecilia , Sorarù Gianni , Trojsi Francesca , Michalke Bernhard , Mandrioli Jessica 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord motor neurons. On 25 April 2023, the drug tofersen, an antisense oligonucleotide, received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for treating ALS in adults carrying mutations of the SOD1 gene. We aimed at assessing whether cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of selenium, an element of both toxicological and nutritional interest possibly involved in disease etiology and progression, are modified by tofersen administration. We determined concentrations of selenium species by anion exchange chromatography hyphenated to inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry and overall selenium by using inductively coupled plasma sector-field mass spectrometry, at baseline and 6 months after active tofersen treatment in ten Italian ALS patients carrying the SOD1 gene mutation. Concentrations of total selenium and many selenium species substantially increased after the intervention, particularly of inorganic (tetravalent and hexavalent) selenium and of the organic species selenomethionine and a compound co-eluting with the selenocystine standard. Overall, these findings suggest that tofersen treatment markedly alters selenium status and probably the redox status within the central nervous system, possibly due to a direct effect on neurons and/or the blood–brain barrier. Further studies are required to investigate the biological and clinical relevance of these findings and how they might relate to the pharmacological effects of the drug and to disease progression.
Routine Histopathology of Tonsillectomy Specimens, Is It Necessary? A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Mestry Vidula , Sardesai Ravindra B. , Sonawale Sanjaykumar , Vaidya Mihir , Joshi Samir V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRoutine histopathology of tonsillectomy specimens is not standard practice due to cost and resource constraints. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of abnormal histopathologies in tonsillectomy specimens to determine the necessity of routine histopathology. A prospective observational study was conducted from January 2014 to August 2016 at a general tertiary care center after approval of Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC). Patients scheduled for tonsillectomy surgery as per the AAOHNS 2011 criteria were included in the study. All tonsillectomy specimens were sent for histopathology, and abnormal findings were documented. Statistical analysis was performed. A total of 111 patients were enrolled in this study, and 222 tonsillectomy specimens were analyzed. The most common finding was chronic tonsillitis, which justified the selection criteria in 91.89% of patients. Two patients with chronic tonsillitis were also found to have actinomycosis present on the surface without parenchymal tissue reaction. Abnormal histopathological findings were observed in 9 (8.10%) of patients, leading to further investigations or treatment in 8 cases. These abnormalities included chronic granuloma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, early squamous cell carcinoma, and one choristoma. Tonsillar asymmetry, recent onset of symptoms and older age were found to be significantly correlated with abnormal histopathology and malignancy. Routine histopathology in tonsillectomy specimens helps to identify important findings that may require additional treatment. Based on the study we strongly recommend routine histopathology of tonsillectomy specimen. When significant cost constraints exist, risk-based approach can be adopted. Factors such as older age, asymmetry of tonsils, referred otalgia, duration of symptoms (recent onset) and a history of addiction should be considered for proceeding with histopathology.
Moral Responsibility in a Vat
Authors: Kosterec Miloš 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates an ingenious argument by Andrew Khoury which, if valid, could shed new light on some of the most relevant discussions within the field of moral philosophy. The argument is based on the idea that if we deny the phenomenon of resultant moral luck, then the proper objects of moral responsibility must be internal willings. I analyse the argument and find it unsound. The argument does not adequately account for the positions of all relevant moral actors when it comes to the moral evaluation of agents and their actions.
Retrospective study on suicide attempts among psychiatric emergencies admitted to the emergency department of a Regional hospital in Turkey
Authors: Boğan Mustafa , Beki̇rcan Esra , Boğan Fatma , Kara Neslihan , Kara Ali Can 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study was to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of psychiatric emergencies presenting to emergency departments (ED), the provisional diagnoses and reasons for consultation by emergency physicians, and to determine the rate of suicide attempts among patients presenting to emergency departments for psychiatric emergencies.

Methods
The records of all patients aged 18 years and older admitted to the emergency department of the Department of Emergency Medicine, a tertiary hospital, with either a pre-existing psychiatric diagnosis or a new psychiatric provisional diagnosis made by emergency physicians between January 2020 and December 2023 were reviewed.

Results
According to the data obtained in the study, it was determined that the most common provisional diagnoses made by emergency physicians in psychiatric emergencies were suicide attempts (41.88%), agitation (21.94%), schizophrenia (8.44%), psychosis (7.91%) and manic attack (6.54%). It was found that 49.3% of psychiatric emergencies resulted in discharge and 25.5% resulted in hospitalisation. Among the provisional diagnoses, depression, mutism and sleep disorders were most commonly associated with refusal of treatment, while depression and suicide were the most common reasons for hospitalisation. Among psychiatric emergency patients who attempted suicide, medication, sharp objects and chemicals were the most common substances ingested.

Discussion
In this study, it was determined that a great portion of the emergency psychiatric cases admitted to the emergency department consisted of patients who attempted suicide. However, due to the crowdedness and fast pace of emergency departments, it is understood that in psychiatric emergencies, epidemiological profile data are missing in the files of the cases and detailed medical history cannot be obtained from the patients We think that recording better data of patient who admitted a psychiatric condition to the emergency department will provide better information about the patients in future visits and improve the care to be provided. Psychiatrists and psychiatric nurses recommend the implementation of emergency department-based rehabilitation programs for these patients.
Statistical analysis of water quality change by total maximum daily load policy stage
Authors: Jo Chang Dae , Choi Seon Yeon , Kwon Heon Gak 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to derive major pollutants for standard watersheds with relatively high pollution levels and identify their trends. Hence, the water quality index (WQI) and multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze the water quality evaluation of standard watershed during the total maximum daily load (TMDL) policy period implemented since 2004. The WQI was calculated for 41 standard watersheds, divided into 14 main streams and 27 tributaries. Consequently, in the main stream, WQI decreased as it moved downstream after the MS5 site. In the tributary, WQI values were found to be low at TS11, TS15, TS16, and TS17 sites. However, the Mann–Kendall test results indicated that the overall WQI value was increasing, suggesting that the water quality of the study basin was improving as the TMDL policy phase progressed. Principal component analysis of the group with relatively low WQI among the standard watersheds revealed that water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, and electrical conductivity were the main variables in the main stream cluster. In the tributary stream cluster, total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, and electrical conductivity showed high loading values. This study proposed a series of methods to provide the basic data required for watershed management through detailed water quality assessment methods, statistical techniques for deriving major pollutants, and trend analysis of water quality evaluation.
Forward-Forward Mean Field Games in Mathematical Modeling with Application to Opinion Formation and Voting Models
Authors: Festa Adriano , Göttlich Simone , Ricciardi Michele 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile the general theory for the terminal-initial value problem in mean-field games is widely used in many models of applied mathematics, the modeling potential of the corresponding forward-forward version is still under-considered. In this work, we discuss some features of the problem in a quite general setting and explain how it may be appropriate to model a system of players that have a complete knowledge of the past states of the system and are adapting to new information without any knowledge about the future. Then we show how forward-forward mean field games can be effectively used in mathematical models for opinion formation and other social phenomena.