bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Protocol for N‐Cbz Protection of Amines in PEG‐600.
Authors: Zhang Chun Lin , Zhang Dong Feng , Zhao Hong Yi , Lin Zi Yun , Huang Hai Hong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA broad spectrum of amino substrates reacts with benzyl chloroformate to yield N‐protected amines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoromethylation of Propargylic Halides and Trifluoroacetates Using (Ph3P)3Cu(CF3) Reagent.
Authors: Zhao Tony S. N. , Szabo Kalman J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTreatment of branched propargylic halides and trifluoroacetates with the reagent (II) at room temperature is found to yield linear allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Ethers via a Sulfonyl Transfer Reaction.
Authors: Sach Neal W. , Richter Daniel T. , Cripps Stephan , Tran‐Dube Michelle , Zhu Huichun , Huang Buwen , Cui Jean , Sutton Scott C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe base‐mediated treatment of aromatic mesylates with primary and secondary alcohols allows access to a wide range of aryl ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2,3‐syn‐Diarylpent‐4‐enamides via Acyl‐Claisen Rearrangements of Substituted Cinnamyl Morpholines: Application to the Synthesis of Magnosalicin.
Authors: Dickson Benjamin D. , Dittrich Nora , Barker David 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Lewis acid catalyzed title reaction of allylic morpholines with substituted acetyl chlorides gives the desired amides (III) in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxime—Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Arylation and Alkenylation of Aryl Imidazolesulfonates under Aqueous and Phosphane‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Civicos Jose Francisco , Alonso Diego A. , Najera Carmen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHighest yields are obtained under conditions A) using aryl imidazole sulfonates, boronic acids and palladacycle (Ia).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Mannich‐Type Reaction of Titanium Enolate Derived from 2′‐Hydroxypropiophenone.
Authors: Deng Guisheng , Mo Honghua , Luo Jing , Zou Jingyuan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe hydroxy group at the ortho position on the phenyl ring of the aromatic ketone is the key to the high diastereoselectivity, cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifluoroacetic Anhydride‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Boronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Roscales Silvia , Rincon Angela , Buxaderas Eduardo , Csaky Aurelio G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe conjugate addition of boronic acids (II) to α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) catalyzed by acylating reagents is explored.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Levomilnacipran.
Authors: Alliot Julien , Gravel Edmond , Pillon Florence , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Nicolas Marc , Doris Eric 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe key intermediate (VII) in the synthesis of title compound (VIII) is prepared via iodolactonization and intramolecular cyclopropanation as the key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Allenyl Ester Precursors for 1H‐Inden‐1‐ol Carboxylates: Comparisons with Their Propargylic Equivalents Having Terminal Alkyne Functions.
Authors: Asikainen Martta , Woodward Simon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAllenyl carboxylates undergo efficient carbocyclization towards indene derivatives under Au(I)‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of Alkyl‐Substituted Acenes Using Carbonyl‐Directed C—H and C—O Functionalization.
Authors: Matsumura Daiki , Kitazawa Kentaroh , Terai Seiya , Kochi Takuya , Ie Yutaka , Nitani Masashi , Aso Yoshio , Kakiuchi Fumitoshi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA new and convenient method to prepare tetraalkylated anthracenes and pentacenes as well as dialkyldiaryl analogues is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Heteroarenes.
Authors: Mao Zhifeng , Wang Zhe , Xu Zhaoqing , Huang Fei , Yu Zhengkun , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIt provides an efficient and environmentally friendly method to prepare various unsymmetrical biheteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of cis‐ or trans‐2,4‐Disubstituted Butyrolactones from Wynberg Lactone.
Authors: Ganta Ashok , Shamshina Julia L. , Cafiero Lauren R. , Snowden Timothy S. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract(R)‐Wynberg lactone (I) is used to prepare various asymmetric disubstituted butyrolactones in three or four steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Acceleration in ZnI2‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamination of Unfunctionalized Olefins.
Authors: Liu Gong‐Qing , Li Wei , Wang Yu‐Mei , Ding Zhen‐Ying , Li Yue‐Ming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe investigation of the process under optimized catalysis reveals that steric and electronic factors play an important role in the formation of pyrrole structures bearing gem‐substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for the Synthesis of 3‐(Aminomethylene)oxindoles from Isatylidene Malononitriles and α‐Azido Ketones.
Authors: Kamalraja Jayabal , Babu Thelagathoti Hari , Muralidharan Doraiswamy , Perumal Paramasivan Thirumalai 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Michael addition of α‐azido ketones to isatylidene malononitriles is followed by elimination of malononitrile and conversion of the azide into an amino group.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbonylative Cyclization of o‐Halobenzoic Acids for Synthesis of N‐Substituted Phthalimides Using Polymer‐Supported Palladium—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene as an Efficient, Heterogeneous, and Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Khedkar Mayur V. , Khan Shoeb R. , Dhake Kishor P. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstracto‐Halobenzoic acids or the corresponding methyl ester are treated with primary amines under optimized conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis, PM3‐Semiempirical, Antibacterial, and Antitumor Evaluation of Some Bioactive Pyrazoles.
Authors: Hamama Wafaa S. , El‐Gohary Hamada G. , Soliman Mamdouh , Zoorob Hanfi H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFourteen novel compounds incorporating pyrazolone or pyrazole moieties are synthesized and characterized, including quantum mechanical molecular orbital calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: An Ugi‐Type Condensation of α‐Isocyanoacetamide and Chiral Cyclic Imine under a New Catalytic System.
Authors: Li Sheng , Chen Ruijiao , Liu Xiubing , Pan Li , Xia Liang , Chen Xiaochuan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe optimized conditions allow a highly diastereoselective synthesis of oxazole‐substituted heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 2(3H)‐Thiazole Thiones as Tyrosinase Inhibitors.
Authors: Emami Saeed , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Shahrbandi Kami , Enayati Ahmad Ali , Esmaeeli Zahra 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTitle compounds (IV), (V) and (VII) are synthesized and evaluated for tyrosinase inhibition and DPPH radical scavenging activities compared to BHT and kojic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Domino Reaction in PPG: An Easy Access to 4‐Thiazolidinone Derivatives.
Authors: Prasad Davinder , Nath Mahendra 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe one‐pot, three‐component condensation of aromatic amines (I), thioglycolic acid (II) and aromatic aldehydes (III) in general proceeds well in propylene glycol without any catalyst or additive, while the reaction using cyclohexanone (V) as carbonyl compound is found to be sluggish.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Iodide Nanoparticles on Poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) as New and Green Catalyst for Multicomponent Click Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles in Water.
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Keshavarz Mosadegh , Abedini Masoumeh , Vafaie‐nezhad Masoumeh 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe optimized process affords the triazole derivatives with high regioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Heck—Matsuda Arylation as a Strategy to Access Kavalactones Isolated from Polygala sabulosa, Piper methysticum, and Analogues.
Authors: Soldi Cristian , Moro Angelica V. , Pizzolatti Moacir G. , Correia Carlos R. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reaction is more efficient with vinyl‐2‐pyrones compared to vinyl dihydro‐2‐pyrones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Arylated Xanthones by Site‐Selective Suzuki—Miyaura Reactions of the Bis(triflate) of 1,3‐Dihydroxyxanthone.
Authors: Akrawi Omer A. , Mohammed Hamid H. , Patonay Tamas , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reaction proceeds with excellent site‐selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Easy Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 2,2′:6′,2′′‐Terpyridines.
Authors: Sasaki Isabelle , Abila Angelique , Duhayon Carine , Vendier Laure 
Published: November 2012

AbstractKey feature of the presented synthesis is the nitration of terpyridine N,N′′‐dioxide (II) in fuming nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid with concomitant reduction of the N‐oxides [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 7,7‐Dimethyl‐5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoline‐4‐carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Rudenko D. A. , Shurov S. N. , Kodess M. I. , Ezhikova M. A. , Vasyanin A. N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized from aminocyclohexenone (I) and pyruvic acids (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Niobium Pentachloride Catalyzed Multicomponent Povarov Reaction.
Authors: da Silva Bruno Henrique Sacoman T. , Martins Lucas Michelao , da Silva‐Filho Luiz Carlos 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe process is best catalyzed by NbCl5 to provide tetrahydroquinoline derivatives under mild conditions A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some 3‐(4‐Aryl‐benzofuro[3,2‐b]pyridin‐2‐yl)coumarins and Their Antimicrobial Screening.
Authors: Patel Anil K. , Patel Niraj H. , Patel Mehul A. , Brahmbhatt Dinker I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compounds (III) are obtained from pyridinium salts (I) and 2‐arylidene aurones (II) under Kroehnke′s conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimized Scale up of 3‐Pyrimidinylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine via Suzuki Coupling; a General Method of Accessing a Range of 3‐(Hetero)arylpyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Bethel Paul A. , Campbell Andrew D. , Goldberg Frederick W. , Kemmitt Paul D. , Lamont Gillian M. , Suleman Abid 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn improved preparation of compound (IV) followed by parallel high throughput Suzuki coupling is presented with a view to the medicinal importance of this class of compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Pyrrolidinones. Synthesis of Fused 1,5‐Naphthyridines.
Authors: Akue‐Gedu Rufine , Couturier Daniel , Henichart Jean‐Pierre , Rigo Benoit , Sanz Gerard , Van Hijfte Luc , Bourry Anne 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe preparation of the title compounds, starting materials for potentially DNA‐intercalating heterocyclic systems, is achieved starting from recently reported indolizinediones via Semmler—Wolff transposition of the corresponding oximes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel One‐Pot Isocyanide‐Based Four‐Component Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐b]phthalazine‐1,2‐dicarboxylates and 1H‐Pyrazolo[1,2‐a]pyridazine‐1,2‐dicarboxylates.
Authors: Keshipour Sajjad , Shojaei Salman , Shaabani Ahmad 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBroader substrate scope, improved availability of the starting materials, ease of handling, simple work‐up, and improvement of general yields are advantages over previously reported methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroamination and Carboamination Reactions of Anthranilic Allenamides as a Route to 2‐Vinyl‐ and 2‐(α‐Styryl)quinazolin‐4‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Broggini Gianluigi , Borsini Elena , Fasana Andrea , Poli Giovanni , Liron Frederic 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDirect cyclization under conditions A) affords the 2‐vinyl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclable Graphite Oxide Promoted Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Phenyl Quinazoline Derivatives in the Presence of TBHP as an Oxidant.
Authors: Karnakar K. , Kumar A. Vijay , Murthy S. Narayana , Ramesh K. , Nageswar Y. V. D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA novel efficient protocol allows the synthesis of various biologically interesting derivatives from 2‐amino‐substituted aceto‐ or benzophenones and benzylamines.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Polystyrene‐Supported 2‐Isobutoxy‐1‐isobutoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (PS‐IIDQ) as New Coupling Agent for the Synthesis of 8‐Substituted Xanthine Derivatives.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Prabal , Sathe Manisha , Sharma Pratibha , Kaushik M. P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe polystyrene‐supported 2‐isobutoxy‐1‐isobutoxycarbonyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinoline (PS‐IIDQ) is found to be more efficient than IIDQ and polymer‐supported carbodiimide.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,3‐Diarylquinoxalines.
Authors: Lin Yang , Lei Xiaoli , Yang Qin , Yuan Jiangjun , Ding Qiuping , Xu Jingshi , Peng Yiyuan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn efficient NHC‐catalyzed multistep process is developed to couple 2 molecules of aromatic aldehyde with o‐phenylenediamines.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 3‐Pyrazinyl‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines from an Enol Ether.
Authors: Tran‐Dube Michelle , Sach Neal , Ninkovic Sacha , Braganza John F. , Huang Qinhua , Johnson Benjamin , Collins Michael Raymond 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOptimized reaction conditions are developed for the [3 + 2] cycloaddition and best results are obtained if the 4‐substituent of the pyridinium salt is either ‐H or ‐Me.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of 3,5‐Dichloro‐2(1H)‐pyrazinones Using Malonate Esters.
Authors: Mishra Nigam M. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Pereshivko Olga P. , Modha Sachin G. , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA base‐promoted 3‐alkylation of title compounds (I) with malonate esters (II) affording the corresponding 3‐alkylated derivatives (III) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐2H‐[1,3]oxazino[2,3‐a]isoquinolines via a Three‐Component Cascade Approach Using a Continuous‐Flow Microreactor.
Authors: Lei Ming , Tian Wan , Hu Ruijun , Li Wei , Zhang Hong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe process is also applicable to aromatic aldehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalizable Hydroxylated Unsaturated Azepanes.
Authors: Goumain Sophie , Taghzouti Hanaa , Portella Charles , Behr Jean‐Bernard , Plantier‐Royon Richard 
Published: November 2012

AbstractKey steps in the synthesis of azepanes (VIII) and (X), which are of interest as glycosidase inhibitors, are the conjugate addition of allylamine to the precursor (III) and final ring‐closing metathesis with the pure diastereomers (VII) and (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Method for the Synthesis of α‐Amino‐α′‐hydroxyalkylphosphinic Acids and Bis(α‐aminoalkyl)phosphinic Acids: Nucleophilic Addition of α‐Hydroxy‐H‐phosphinic Acids to Diimines.
Authors: Kaboudin Babak , Haghighat Hamideh , Alaie Saied , Yokomatsu Tsutomu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe required peptide synthons are obtained as mixtures of diastereomers, which can be easily separated due to their different solubility in organic solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: Sarcophytonins F and G, New Dihydrofuranocembranoids from a Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton sp.
Authors: Chen Shin‐Pin , Chen Bo‐Wei , Dai Chang‐Feng , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Wu Yang‐Chang , Sheu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe absolute configuration of compounds (I) and (II) is deduced from the configuration of known compounds isolated together with (I) and (II) from the same organism and with the same carbon skeleton.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Primary Alkoxycarbonylation and Esterification of Unprotected Pyranose Derivatives Mediated by Scandium(III) Triflate Catalysis.
Authors: McClure Michael S. , et al. et al. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe reaction of unprotected pyranose derivatives with anhydrides and pyrocarbonates affords the products selectively and can be easily scaled‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: InBr3‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Glycosides with Arylamines.
Authors: Wang Pingyuan , Wang Meining , Zhang Xuefeng , Yang Guangfu , Zhang Ao 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUnsaturated glycosides containing various C‐1 alkoxy groups smoothly undergo glycosidation reactions with arylamines such as (II) using either InI3 or InBr3 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of a Series of New 2‐Oxaisocephems.
Authors: Wu Jianbo , Wu Xueying , Lei Fan , Yuan Huajie , Hai Li , Wu Yong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroduction of side chains of new‐generation cephalosporins into the 7‐position of the 2‐oxaisocephem nucleus and alteration of the 3‐substituents in the side chain gives rise to new oxaisocephems with good activity and broad antibacterial spectrum.
ChemInform Abstract: Morusalbanol A, a Neuro‐Protective Diels—Alder Adduct with an Unprecedented Architecture from Morus alba.
Authors: Chen Hua‐Dong , Ding Yuan‐Qing , Yang Sheng‐Ping , Li Xing‐Cong , Wang Xu‐Jie , Zhang Hai‐Yan , Ferreira Daneel , Yue Jian‐Min 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compound (I) is the major component of the bark of Morus alba, a common traditional Chinese medicine.
ChemInform Abstract: A Small Molecule Two‐Photon Probe for Hydrogen Sulfide in Live Tissues.
Authors: Das Sajal Kumar , Lim Chang Su , Yang Sun Young , Han Ji Hee , Cho Bong Rae 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe title compound (I) shows a 21‐fold two‐photon excited fluorescence enhancement in response to H2S.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary SnxGe1‐xSe Nanocrystals.
Authors: Buckley Jannise J. , Rabuffetti Federico A. , Hinton Hannah L. , Brutchey Richard L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe nanocrystals of title are synthesized by quick injection of tBu2Se2 and hexamethyldisilazane at 95 °C into a dodecylamine solution containing varying ratios of SnI4 and GeI4 (225 °C, 4.75 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Investigating Electric Field Control of Magnetism with Neutron Scattering, Nonlinear Optics and Synchrotron X‐Ray Spectromicroscopy
Authors: Holcomb M. B. , Polisetty S. , Rodriguez A. Fraile , Gopalan V. , Ramesh R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractReview: 154 refs.
(Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL: a GLP‐1 Agonist That Improves Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Glucose Homeostasis, and β‐Cell Function in High‐Fat‐Fed Mice
Authors: Lennox Rachael , Porter David W. , Flatt Peter R. , Gault Victor A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study examined the biological properties of a novel GLP‐1 peptide, (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL, engineered with an Ala8→Val8 substitution and additional incorporation of a C16 fatty acid moiety at Lys26 via a glutamic acid linker. GLP‐1 underwent 75 % degradation by DPP‐IV over 8 h, whereas (Val8)GLP‐1 and (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL remained intact. All GLP‐1 peptides significantly stimulated insulin secretion at 5.6 mM (1.3‐ to 4.9‐fold, p<0.01 to p<0.001) and 16.7 mM glucose (1.5‐ to 2.3‐fold, p<0.001). At higher concentrations (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL was significantly more potent at stimulating insulin secretion (1.2‐ to 1.3‐fold, p<0.05). In high‐fat‐fed mice, all GLP‐1 peptides significantly lowered plasma glucose concentrations (41–66 % decrease, p<0.05 to p<0.001), with (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL eliciting protracted glucose‐lowering actions (32–59 % decrease, p<0.05 to p<0.01) when administered 8 h prior to a glucose load. Twice‐daily administration of (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL in high‐fat‐fed mice for 21 days had no effect on bodyweight or food intake, but significantly lowered non‐fasting plasma glucose (43–46 % decrease, p<0.05). (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL markedly decreased glycemic excursion following intraperitoneal glucose (32–48 % decrease, p<0.05), enhanced insulin response to glucose (2‐ to 2.3‐fold, p<0.05 to p<0.01), and improved insulin sensitivity (25–38 % decrease in plasma glucose, p<0.05). O2 consumption, CO2 production, RER, and energy expenditure were not altered by (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL therapy. Treatment with (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL resulted in a significant increase in BrdU‐positive cells (1.3‐fold, p<0.05) in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. These data demonstrate that (Val8)GLP‐1‐Glu‐PAL is a long‐acting GLP‐1 peptide that significantly improves hippocampal neurogenesis, glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in high‐fat‐fed mice.
Characterization of Bio‐oil from Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Organic Waste by NMR Spectroscopy and FTICR Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Leonardis Irene , Chiaberge Stefano , Fiorani Tiziana , Spera Silvia , Battistel Ezio , Bosetti Aldo , Cesti Pietro , Reale Samantha , De Angelis Francesco 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSolid wastes of organic origins are potential feedstocks for the production of liquid biofuels, which could be suitable alternatives to fossil fuels for the transport and heating sectors, as well as for industrial use. By hydrothermal liquefaction, the wet biomass is partially transformed into a water‐immiscible, oil‐like organic matter called bio‐oil. In this study, an integrated NMR spectroscopy/mass spectrometry approach has been developed for the characterization of the hydrothermal liquefaction of bio‐oil at the molecular level. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy were used for the identification of functional groups and gauging the aromatic carbon content in the mixture. GC–MS analysis revealed that the volatile fraction was rich in fatty acids, as well as in amides and esters. High‐resolution Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS) has been applied in a systematic way to fully categorize the bio‐oil in terms of different classes of components, according to their molecular formulas. Most importantly, for the first time, by using this technique, and for the liquefaction bio‐oil characterization in particular, FT‐MS data have been used to develop a methodology for the determination of the aromatic versus aliphatic carbon and nitrogen content. It is well known that, because they resist hydrogenation and represent sources of polluting species, both aromatic molecules and nitrogen‐containing species raise concerns for subsequent upgrading of bio‐oil into a diesel‐like fuel.
Colloidal WO3 Nanowires as a Versatile Route to Prepare a Photoanode for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Gonçalves Ricardo H. , Leite Lucas D. T. , Leite Edson R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis work describes a synthetic method to produce a WO3 nanowire as well as to prepare photoanodes by colloidal nanowire deposition. We also studied the influence of a nanowire phase on the photoanode performance for water splitting. Among the nanowires synthesized by using nonhydrolytic media, the orthorhombic WO3⋅H2O nanowire produced a photoanode with excellent performance (a photocurrent of 1.96 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE) and good photocurrent stability during long‐term analysis (chronoamperometry test). The structural and photoelectrochemical characterization showed the importance of nanostructural features such as exposed (200), (020), and (002) facets and porosity in the WO3 photoanode performance.