bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A facile route to regular and nonregular dot arrays by integrating nanoimprint lithography with sphere‐forming block copolymer directed self‐assembly
Authors: Xiao Shuaigang , Yang XiaoMin , Hwu Justin J. , Lee Kim Y. , Kuo David 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTNanoimprint lithography is used to create large‐area two‐dimensional prepatterns with tunable topographic heights in a resist layer. The resist prepatterns are applied to direct the self‐assembly of sphere‐forming polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane block copolymers so as to form sparse nonregular nanodot arrays with flexible pattern layouts from high‐topography prepattern or dense regular nanodot arrays with a multiplicative pattern density from low‐topography prepattern. By precisely controlling the topographic height in substrate prepatterns, the origin of directed self‐assembly of block copolymer spheres using low‐topography prepattern is found to be topographic contrast. High‐fidelity pattern transfer from spherical block copolymer nanotemplates to functional materials indicates a promising route to ultrahigh density nanodevices. Bit‐patterned media over 1 teradot/in on a 2.5‐inch disk are fabricated, thus presenting future magnetic data storage media with great areal density growth potential. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 361–367
Impacts management: An approach to fulfilling public trust responsibilities of wildlife agencies
Authors: Decker Daniel J. , Forstchen Ann B. , Organ John F. , Smith Christian A. , Riley Shawn J. , Jacobson Cynthia A. , Batcheller Gordon R. , Siemer William F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTIn many states, case law, statutes, or constitutions establish a “public trust in wildlife,” a derivative of the public trust doctrine. Although interpretation differs across jurisdictions, the underlying principle of wildlife as a public trust resource, explicitly expressed or not, carries with it broad obligations and standards of trust administration by government to ensure benefits of wildlife are available to all citizens, present and future. The standards for execution of responsibilities by trustees (elected officials or their appointees, such as commissions) and trust managers (e.g., wildlife professionals working for state wildlife agencies) require understanding beneficiaries' varied interests in the wildlife resource, which in turn requires effective public input and involvement, following the precepts of good governance, such as inclusiveness, openness, fairness, transparency, and accountability. Managing wildlife resources as public trust assets entails providing sustainable net benefits from the existence of wildlife and its co‐existence with humans. Wildlife managers need an approach to wildlife management that is philosophically consistent with the benefits‐production focus of trust administration. We explain that impacts management is such an approach, essentially tailor‐made for fulfilling trust‐management responsibilities because of its focus on diverse, stakeholder‐value‐defined outcomes (desired impacts) and its reliance on stakeholders' input for identifying and weighing competing outcomes desired by them. Impacts management is a wildlife resource management approach for providing sustainable, highly relevant public trust administration. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Social cues are preferred over resource cues for breeding-site selection in Barn Swallows
Authors: Ringhofer Monamie , Hasegawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTo maximize fitness, animals choose habitats by using a combination of direct resource cues, such as the quality and quantity of safe breeding sites or food resources, and indirect social cues, such as the presence or breeding performance of conspecifics. Many reports show that nest predation leads to reduced fitness. However, it remains unclear how birds assess predation risk and how it affects breeding-site selection. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between predation risk and breeding-site selection in Barn Swallows (Hirundo rustica). We assessed the cues that swallows use in their selection. We used nest-site characteristics related to predation and foraging sites as direct resource cues, number of breeding pairs, and breeding success in the previous year as indirect social cues, and number of old and undamaged old nests as direct resource and/or indirect social cues. Breeding-site preference was assessed using the arrival date of males. We showed that only the number of undamaged old nests was used for breeding-site selection. When comparing effects at two spatial scales, nest-site and home-range, the effect of the number of undamaged old nests occurred at the home-range scale only, suggesting that these nests are used as an indirect social cue rather than a direct resource cue to reduce the energy or time-consuming costs of nest building. We suggest that undamaged old nests may indicate the presence and breeding performance of conspecifics for several previous years. Because Barn Swallows are migratory birds, undamaged old nests may be a reliable indirect social cue and may reduce the time required to sample information at breeding sites.
The relationship of thought suppression and recent rape to disordered eating in emerging adulthood
Authors: Collins Brittany , Fischer Sarah , Stojek Monika , Becker Kendra 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis study utilizes a prospective design to examine the interaction of recent rape/attempted rape with individual differences in thought suppression on increases in disordered eating symptoms during late adolescence/emerging adulthood. Thought suppression is the attempt to suppress unwanted thoughts. We propose that emerging adult women who have experienced recent rape/attempted rape and tend to use thought suppression as a coping mechanism are at risk for increases in disordered eating. 319 women completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire, the Sexual Experiences Survey, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and the White Bear Thought Suppression Inventory in their first month of college and three months later. The experience of recent rape/attempted rape in the three months prior to the assessment accounted for unique variance in disordered eating at Time 2. Levels of thought suppression assessed at Time 1 significantly moderated the influence of recent rape/attempted rape on disordered eating at Time 2.
Loneliness and Facebook motives in adolescence: A longitudinal inquiry into directionality of effect
Authors: Teppers Eveline , Luyckx Koen , A. Klimstra Theo , Goossens Luc 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe increasing popularity of Facebook among adolescents has stimulated research to investigate the relationship between Facebook use and loneliness, which is particularly prevalent in adolescence. The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of the relationship between Facebook use and loneliness. Specifically, we examined how Facebook motives and two relationship‐specific forms of adolescent loneliness are associated longitudinally. Cross‐lagged analysis based on data from 256 adolescents (64% girls, Mage = 15.88 years) revealed that peer‐related loneliness was related over time to using Facebook for social skills compensation, reducing feelings of loneliness, and having interpersonal contact. Facebook use for making new friends reduced peer‐related loneliness over time, whereas Facebook use for social skills compensation increased peer‐related loneliness over time. Hence, depending on adolescents' Facebook motives, either the displacement or the stimulation hypothesis is supported. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The role of emotion identification skill in the formation of male and female friendships: A longitudinal study
Authors: Rowsell H. Claire , Ciarrochi Joseph , Heaven Patrick C.L. , Deane Frank P. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe present study explored the relationship between emotion identification skill (EIS) and friendships in adolescence. Students from five Australian high schools completed questionnaires annually from Grade 8 to Grade 12 including subjective measures of EIS and a peer‐based objective measure of social functioning (e.g., friendship nominations). The total sample of participants was 795 (406 males; 389 females) with 468 (225 males; 243 females) completing questionnaires in Grade 12. EIS in early adolescence was predictive of friendships for females in late adolescence. Specifically, girls starting out with low EIS in Grade 8 tended to have fewer female friendships and more male friendships in Grade 12. There were no effects for males. Lower initial EIS was associated with significant improvements in awareness over time, but these improvements had no effect on friendships in Grade 12. The EIS that girls enter high school with may influence their friendship composition into late adolescence.
Brief report: Assessing dispositional optimism in adolescence – Factor structure and concurrent validity of the Life Orientation Test – Revised
Authors: Monzani Dario , Steca Patrizia , Greco Andrea 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTDispositional optimism is an individual difference promoting psychosocial adjustment and well‐being during adolescence. Dispositional optimism was originally defined as a one‐dimensional construct; however, empirical evidence suggests two correlated factors in the Life Orientation Test – Revised (LOT‐R).The main aim of the study was to evaluate the dimensionality of the LOT‐R. This study is the first attempt to identify the best factor structure, comparing congeneric, two correlated‐factor, and two orthogonal‐factor models in a sample of adolescents. Concurrent validity was also assessed.The results demonstrated the superior fit of the two orthogonal‐factor model thus reconciling the one‐dimensional definition of dispositional optimism with the bi‐dimensionality of the LOT‐R. Moreover, the results of correlational analyses proved the concurrent validity of this self‐report measure: optimism is moderately related to indices of psychosocial adjustment and well‐being.Thus, the LOT‐R is a useful, valid, and reliable self‐report measure to properly assess optimism in adolescence.
Comparison of the Spectrum of Radiologic and Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Disease Caused by Mycobacterium avium Complex and Mycobacterium xenopi
Authors: Carrillo Maria C. , Patsios Demetris , Wagnetz Ute , Jamieson Frances , Marras Theodore K. 
Published: December 2013

Aim Mycobacterium xenopi is described with upper lobe cavitation (“fibrocavitary” pattern), whereas the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is described with bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules (“nodular bronchiectasis”). We retrospectively described and compared computed tomography (CT) chest manifestations of disease caused by MAC and M xenopi. Materials and Methods We reviewed patients who had either MAC or M xenopi lung disease and who had CTs between January 2002 and December 2003. Clinical data were recorded, and the patterns on chest CTs were categorized as “fibrocavitary,” “nodular bronchiectatic,” and “unclassified.” Results There were 74 patients; 50 with MAC and 24 with M xenopi. The patients with MAC were older (mean 69 vs 58 years; P = .007). Patients with M xenopi more often had emphysema (50% vs 20%; P = .02), cavities (46% vs 16%; P = .01), and nodules ≤5 mm (88% vs 58%; P = .02). M xenopi cases more commonly had a fibrocavitary radiologic pattern (33% vs 18%), with no statistically significant difference ( P = .24). MA C was more often associated with a nodular bronchiectatic pattern (68% MAC vs 4% M xenopi; P < .0001). Sixty-three percent of patients with M xenopi had a pattern that was predominantly randomly distributed nodules (11/15 [73%]) or consolidation and/or ground-glass opacities (4/15 [27%]). Conclusion Compared with MAC, patients with M xenopi infection develop more cavities and more nodules, and they less often have a predominant nodular bronchiectatic pattern. Although a predominantly cavitary pattern appears to be more common with M xenopi, the majority of patients with M xenopi had CT patterns of random nodules or consolidation and/or ground-glass opacities rather than classically described findings.
Shared genetic factors influence risk for bipolar disorder and alcohol use disorders
Authors: Carmiol N. , Peralta J.M. , Almasy L. , Contreras J. , Pacheco A. , Escamilla M.A. , Knowles E.E.M. , Raventós H. , Glahn D.C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBipolar disorder and alcohol use disorder (AUD) have a high rate of comorbidity, more than 50% of individuals with bipolar disorder also receive a diagnosis of AUD in their lifetimes. Although both disorders are heritable, it is unclear if the same genetic factors mediate risk for bipolar disorder and AUD. We examined 733 Costa Rican individuals from 61 bipolar pedigrees. Based on a best estimate process, 32% of the sample met criteria for bipolar disorder, 17% had a lifetime AUD diagnosis, 32% met criteria for lifetime nicotine dependence, and 21% had an anxiety disorder. AUD, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders were relatively more common among individuals with bipolar disorder than in their non-bipolar relatives. All illnesses were shown to be heritable and bipolar disorder was genetically correlated with AUD, nicotine dependence and anxiety disorders. The genetic correlation between bipolar and AUD remained when controlling for anxiety, suggesting that unique genetic factors influence the risk for comorbid bipolar and AUD independent of anxiety. Our findings provide evidence for shared genetic effects on bipolar disorder and AUD risk. Demonstrating that common genetic factors influence these independent diagnostic constructs could help to refine our diagnostic nosology.
Changes in the perception of mental illness stigma in Germany over the last two decades
Authors: Angermeyer Matthias C. , Matschinger Herbert , Carta Mauro G. , Schomerus Georg 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPurposeTo examine the evolution of the perception of the stigma attached to mental illness in Germany since 1990 up to the present.Subjects and methodsPopulation surveys were conducted in the old German States (former Federal Republic of Germany) in 1990, 2001, and 2011. The perception of stigma attached to people with mental illness was assessed with the help of Link's perceived discrimination and devaluation scale.ResultsIn the 2011 survey, less mental illness stigma was perceived by respondents than in the previous surveys. In the eyes of the German public, the devaluation and rejection of people with mental illness has substantially decreased since 1990.DiscussionThe perception of a decline of the stigmatization is in contrast to the development of the German public's attitudes towards persons with mental disorders, which remained unchanged or even worsened.ConclusionPerceived and personal attitudes towards persons with mental illness have developed differently, and it remains to be seen whether perceptions of less public stigma will ultimately be followed by improved personal attitudes.
Ketamine-induced antidepressant effects are associated with AMPA receptors-mediated upregulation of mTOR and BDNF in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
Authors: Zhou W. , Wang N. , Yang C. , Li X.-M. , Zhou Z.-Q. , Yang J.-J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractKetamine exerts fast acting, robust, and lasting antidepressant effects in a sub-anesthetic dose, however, the underlying mechanisms are still not fully elucidated. Recent studies have suggested that ketamine's antidepressant effects are probably attributed to the activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. The present study aimed to observe the effects of AMPA receptor modulators on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression during the procedure of ketamine exerting antidepressant effects. Therefore, we pretreated rats with NBQX, an AMPA receptor antagonist, or CX546, an AMPA receptor agonist, and subsequently observed the immobility time during the forced swimming test (FST) and the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical levels of mTOR and BDNF. The results showed ketamine decreased the immobility time of rats during the FST and increased the hippocampal and prefrontal cortical mTOR and BDNF. NBQX pretreatment significantly increased the immobility time and decreased the levels of mTOR and BDNF when compared with vehicle 1 (DMSO) pretreatment. CX546 pretreatment significantly decreased the immobility time and increased the levels of mTOR and BDNF when compared with vehicle 2 (DMSO + ethanol) pretreatment. Our results suggest ketamine-induced antidepressant effects are associated with AMPA receptors-mediated upregulation of mTOR and BDNF in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
Inorganic arsenic trioxide induces gap junction loss in association with the downregulation of connexin43 and E‐cadherin in rat hepatic “stem‐like” cells
Authors: Hsiao Pi‐Jung , Jao Jo‐Chi , Tsai Jin‐Lian , Chang Wen‐Tsan , Jeng Kuo‐Shyang , Kuo Kung‐Kai 
Published: December 2013

AbstractChronic exposure to inorganic arsenic trioxide causes tumors of the skin, urinary bladder, lung, and liver. Several cancer initiators and promoters have been shown to alter cell–cell signaling by interference with gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and/or modulation of cell adhesion molecules, such as connexin43 (Cx43), E‐cadherin, and β‐catenin. The aim of this study was to determine whether the disruption of cell–cell interactions occurs in liver epithelial cells after exposure to arsenic trioxide. WB‐F344 cells were treated with arsenic trioxide (6.25–50 μM) for up to 8 hours, and gap junction function was analyzed using the scrape‐load/dye transfer assay. In addition, the changes in mRNA and protein levels of Cx43, E‐cadherin, and β‐catenin were determined. A significant dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease in GJIC was observed when WB‐F344 cells were exposed to arsenic trioxide (p < 0.05). Consistent with the inhibition of GJIC, cells' exposure to arsenic trioxide resulted in dose‐ and time‐dependent decreases in Cx43 and E‐cadherin mRNA expression and protein levels. However, arsenic trioxide did not alter the mRNA or protein levels of β‐catenin. In an immunofluorescence study, nuclei were heavily stained with anti‐β‐catenin antibody, indicating significant nuclear translocation. In this study, we also demonstrated that arsenic trioxide‐induced GJIC loss was a reversible process. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that disruption of cell–cell communication may contribute to the tumor‐promoting effect of inorganic arsenic trioxide.
Remote intrathecal morphine preconditioning is ineffective in the presence of neuraxial blockade with lidocaine
Authors: Lu Yao , Wong Gordon Tin Chun , Zhang Ye , Hu Jun , Dong Chunshan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRemote intrathecal morphine preconditioning (RMPC) induces cardioprotection via a neural pathway. Intrathecal lidocaine (LID) blocks spinal cord nerve transmission. This study examine whether LID prevents the effects of RMPC. Anesthetized, open chest, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were assigned to one of seven treatment groups 3 days after intrathecal catheter placement. Rats from both RMPC and LID groups, respectively, received intrathecal morphine (3 μg/kg) and lidocaine (1%, 10 μL); morphine was administered by three cycles of 5‐minute infusions interspersed with 5‐minute infusion‐free periods. The LID + RMPC group received the combination of LID and RMPC. Intrathecal naloxone methiodide (NM) (20 μg/kg) was administered either 15 minutes before RMPC, or 5 minutes before LID + RMPC. Ischemia and reperfusion injury were then induced by 30 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion, followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion. Infarct size, as a percentage of the area at risk (AAR), was determined by 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium staining. The RMPC and LID groups markedly reduced the infarct size (IS) compared with controls. LID prevented the effect of RMPC. NM had no effect on control and LID + RMPC treatments. However, NM pretreatment reversed cardioprotection of RMPC treatment. Intrathecal morphine preconditioning is ineffective in the presence of neuraxial blockade with lidocaine.
Miniscrew implant applications in contemporary orthodontics
Authors: Chang Hong‐Po , Tseng Yu‐Chuan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe need for orthodontic treatment modalities that provide maximal anchorage control but with minimal patient compliance requirements has led to the development of implant‐assisted orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. Skeletal anchorage with miniscrew implants has no patient compliance requirements and has been widely incorporated in orthodontic practice. Miniscrew implants are now routinely used as anchorage devices in orthodontic treatment. This review summarizes recent data regarding the interpretation of bone data (i.e., bone quantity and quality) obtained by preoperative diagnostic computed tomography (CT) or by cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) prior to miniscrew implant placement. Such data are essential when selecting appropriate sites for miniscrew implant placement. Bone characteristics that are indications and contraindications for treatment with miniscrew implants are discussed. Additionally, bicortical orthodontic skeletal anchorage, risks associated with miniscrew implant failure, and miniscrew implants for nonsurgical correction of occlusal cant or vertical excess are reviewed. Finally, implant stability is compared between titanium alloy and stainless steel miniscrew implants.
Racial Disparities in Cardiac Rehabilitation Initiation and the Effect on Survival
Authors: Prince David Z. , Sobolev Maria , Gao Ju , Taub Cynthia C. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesTo examine predictors of initiation and adherence, identify racial disparities, and compare the survival benefit of cardiac rehabilitation between a white and a unique predominantly non‐white minority in an urban environment.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingThe outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program at Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York.PatientsConsecutive patients (n = 822) referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation were evaluated.MethodsBaseline characteristics and outcomes were ascertained from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association among initiation, age, gender, race, reason for referral, and copayment. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was performed to evaluate mortality outcomes.Main Outcome MeasurementsRacial disparities in rates of initiation, adherence and completion, and survival benefit associated with cardiac rehabilitation.ResultsAmong 822 patients referred (51.5% non‐white minorities, 61.1% male), 59.4% initiated cardiac rehabilitation. Non‐white minorities initiated cardiac rehabilitation less often than did white patients (54.4% versus 65.2%, P = .003). After adjustment, white patients were 77.5% more likely to initiate cardiac rehabilitation (odds ratio 1.78; 95% confidence interval 1.13‐2.80). Both white populations and non‐white minorities who participated in cardiac rehabilitation had a lower risk of death (P = .0022).ConclusionsIn a predominantly minority population, racial disparities exist among cardiac rehabilitation participants. Minorities were less likely to initiate cardiac rehabilitation. Gender, referral patterns, and the presence of copayment did not influence initiation. Cardiac rehabilitation initiation was associated with decreased mortality.