bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic enhancement of Si solar cells by assembled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Y. F. , Wang Y. F. , Chen N. , Wang Y. Y. , Zhang Y. Z. , Zhou Z. H. , Wei L. M. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Photovoltaic conversion was enhanced by directly assemble of a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) onto the surface of n-p junction silicon solar cells. When the density of SWNTs increased from 50 to 400 tubes μm−2, an enhancement of 3.92% in energy conversion efficiency was typically obtained. The effect of the SWNTs network is proposed for trapping incident photons and assisting electronic transportation at the interface of silicon solar cells.
Synthesis, characterization and biocompatibility studies of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods for biomedical application
Authors: Gopikrishnan R. , Zhang K. , Ravichandran P. , Baluchamy S. , Ramesh V. , Biradar S. , Ramesh P. , Pradhan J. , Hall J. C. , Pradhan A. K. , Ramesh G. T. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine. Here, we have synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors followed by characterizing using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The growth of synthesized zinc oxide nanorods was found to be very close to its hexagonal nature, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The nanorod was grown perpendicular to the long-axis and grew along the [001] direction, which is the nature of ZnO growth. The morphology of synthesized ZnO nanorods from the individual crystalline nucleus was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The length of the nanorod was estimated to be around 21 nm in diameter and 50 nm in length. Our toxicology studies showed that synthesized ZnO nanorods exposure on hela cells has no significant induction of oxidative stress or cell death even in higher concentration (10 μg/ml). The results suggest that ZnO nanorods might be a safer nanomaterial for biological applications.
Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on the growth and microstructures of multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Vankar V. D. , Kumar V. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The effect of hydrogen plasma treatment of iron oxide films on the growth and microstructure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process has been investigated. Microwave plasma was characterized in-situ using optical emission spectrometer. Morphology of the films was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Structural analysis was carried out by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and micro-diffraction attachments. It is found that oxide films without H2 plasma pretreatment or treated for lesser time resulted in CNT films with high percentage of carbonaceous particles and with embedded particles/nanorods distributed discontinuously in the cavity of the nanotubes. The embedded particles were found to be of iron carbide (Fe-C) as confirmed by HRTEM, EDS and micro-diffraction analysis. Experimental observations suggested that the iron oxide particles had poor catalytic action for CNT growth and in-situ reduction of oxide clusters to Fe by hydrogen plasma plays a key role in discontinuous filling of the nanotubes by the catalytic particles.
Polymer light-emitting devices using poly(ethylene oxide) as an electron injecting layer
Authors: Rao M. V. Madhava , Huang Tsung-Syun , Su Yan-Kuin , Tu Ming-Lung , Huang Chun-Yuan , Wu Shang-Shung 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The performance of polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) based on polyvinyl carbazole (PVK) is improved by introducing a nanoscale interfacial thin layer, made of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), between the calcium cathode and the PVK emissive layer. It is believed that the PEO layer plays a key role in enhancing the device performance. In comparison to the device with Ca/Al as the cathode, the performance of the PLED with PEO/Ca/Al cathode, including the driving voltage, luminance efficiency is significantly improved. These improvements are attributed to the introduction of a thin layer of PEO that can lower the interfacial barrier and facilitate electron injection.
Identification of binding interactions between myeloperoxidase and its antibody using SERS
Authors: Papazoglou E. S. , Babu S. , Mohapatra S. , Hansberry D. R. , Patel C. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) is a widely used spectroscopic method that can dramatically increase the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy and has demonstrated significant benefit in the identification of biological molecules. We report the use of SERS in differentiating the bound immunocomplex of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and its antibody from the unbound complex and its individual components. The SERS signal was enabled by gold nanoparticles attached to MPO, pAb and their immunocomplex at an excitation wavelength of 785 nm. The obtained SERS spectrum of MPO is in agreement with previous literature. Comparative SERS spectrum analysis of MPO, pAb, and their immunocomplex reveals the significant peak shifts and intensity variations caused by the conformational changes due to the immunocomplex formation. Several key areas have been identified which correspond to specific amino acids being shielded from undergoing resonance while new amino acid residues are made visible in the SERS spectrum of the immunocomplex and could be a result of conformational binding. Our work demonstrates the capability of SERS to identify binding events and differentiate an immunocomplex from its unbound components with direct applications in biosensors.
Effect of nitrogen on deposition and field emission properties of boron-doped micro- and nano-crystalline diamond films
Authors: Li L. A. , Cheng S. H. , Li H. D. , Yu Q. , Liu J. W. , Lv X. Y. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we report the effect of nitrogen on the deposition and properties of boron doped diamond films synthesized by hot filament chemical vapor deposition. The diamond films consisting of micro-grains (nano-grains) were realized with low (high) boron source flow rate during the growth processes. The transition of micro-grains to nano-grains is speculated to be strongly (weekly) related with the boron (nitrogen) flow rate. The grain size and Raman spectral feature vary insignificantly as a function of the nitrogen introduction at a certain boron flow rate. The variation of electron field emission characteristics dependent on nitrogen is different between microcrystalline and nanocrystalline boron doped diamond samples, which are related to the combined phase composition, boron doping level and texture structure. There is an optimum nitrogen proportion to improve the field emission properties of the boron-doped films.
Label-free colorimetric estimation of proteins using nanoparticles of silver
Authors: Shrivastava Siddhartha , Dash Debabrata 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles have received considerable attention in bioassays and diagnostics due to their unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties. Gold nanoparticles have been employed for the development of SPR-based colorimetric bioassays. In the present report we have described a sensitive colorimetric approach for estimation of proteins, within a detection limit of 10∼80 μg/mL, using unmodified silver nanoparticles. Besides the common advantages of colorimetric assay such as simplicity, high sensitivity, and low cost, our method has a label-free design and provides an important and attractive alternative to classical sensing probes and systems. The present work will contribute to the development of nanotechnology-based diagnostic tools.
Green synthesis and characterization of palladium nanoparticles and its conjugates from solanum trilobatum leaf extract
Authors: Kanchana Amarnath , Devarajan Saveetha , Ayyappan Senniyanallur Rathakrishnan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
An important area of research in nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles of different chemical compositions, sizes and controlled monodispersity. Currently, there is a growing need to develop environmentally benign nanoparticle synthesis in which no toxic chemicals are used in the synthesis protocol. Palladium nanoparticles (PdNp) are of interest because of their catalytic properties and affinity for hydrogen. Our protocol for the phyto-synthesis of PdNp under moderate pH and room temperature offers a new means to develop environmentally benign nanoparticles. Solanum trilobatum is enlightened in our present study as it is enriched with phytochemicals to reduce palladium chloride ions. Poly MVA a dietary supplement based on the nontoxic chemotherapeutic lipoic acid-palladium complex (LA-Pd) is been hypothesized as the new paradigm of cancer therapy. Hence forth we successfully conjugated lipoic acid (S-PdNp-LA) and vitamins (S-PdNp-Vitamin-LA) to palladium nanoparticles synthesised from Solanum trilobatum leaf extract. These nanoparticles (S-PdNp, S-PdNp-LA, S-PdNp-Vitamin-LA) were characterized with UV-Vis Spectroscopy, SEM and FTIR analysis, which revealed that S-PdNp are polydisperse and of different morphologies ranging from 60∼70 nm (S-PdNp), 65∼80 nm (S-PdNp-LA) and 75∼100 nm (S-PdNp-Vitamin-LA) in size.
Click chemistry approach to functionalize two-dimensional macromolecules of graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Kou Liang , He Hongkun , Gao Chao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA facile “click chemistry” approach to functionalize 2D macromolecules of graphene oxide nanosheets with poly (ethylene glycol) of different molecular weights, polystyrene, palmitic acid and various amino acids was presented. FTIR, TGA, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, XRD, TEM, AFM and SEM were utilized to characterize the products. High degree of functionalization was achieved on the flat surfaces of graphene oxide, affording polymer-grafted 2D brushes and amino acids-immobilized nanosheets, which show improved solubility in organic solvents. The click chemistry strategy reported herein provides a facile and general method for functionalization of graphene oxide with macromolecules and desired biomolecules.
Functionalization of carbon nanotubes and other nanocarbons by azide chemistry
Authors: Han Jin , Gao Chao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Following the conventional carbon allotropes of diamond and graphite, fullerene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene as 0D, 1D and 2D graphitic macromolecules have been discovered recently in succession, declaring the unlimited potential of carbon-based nanomaterials and nanotechnology. Although CNTs exhibit significant potential applications in advanced materials and other fields due to their extraordinary mechanical strength and electrical/thermal conductivity properties, their low solubility, poor wettability and bad dispersibility in common solvents and solid matrices have limited their processing and applications. Thus, the attempt to achieve wettable/processable CNTs by functionalization has attracted increasing attention in both scientific and industrial communities. In recent years, azide chemistry has been demonstrated as a powerful means to covalently modify CNTs. It consists of two major approaches: click chemistry and nitrene chemistry, which both involve the usage of various azide compounds. The former one is based on highly reactive and stereospecifical Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction; the latter one is based on the electrophilic attack to unsaturated bonds of CNTs with nitrenes as reactive intermediates formed from thermolysis or photolysis of azides. In this mini-review paper, the azide chemistry to functionalize CNTs is highlighted and the corresponding functionalization routes to build CNT-based complex structures are also discussed. Besides, covalent functionalizations of other graphitic nanomaterials such as fullerence and graphene, via azide chemistry, are commented briefly.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of One-Dimensional CdS@TiO2 Core-Shell Heterostructures
Authors: Wei Hongwei , Wang Le , Li Zhipeng , Ni Shouqing , Zhao Quanqin 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
One-dimensional CdS@TiO2 core-shell heterostructures were fabricated via the hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) on preformed CdS nanowires. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. Results demonstrated that the hydrolysis of TBT had a great influence on the morphology of the coated TiO2 shell, resulting in the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanolayer-modified CdS@TiO2 heterostructures. Degradation of methylene blue using CdS@TiO2 core-shell heterostructures as photocatalysts under visible light irradiation was investigated. Comparative photocatalytic tests showed that the TiO2 nanoparticles-modified heterostructure exhibited a superior activity due to the passivity of photogenerated charge carriers.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of PEG-Mn3O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Karaoğlu E. , Deligöz H. , Sözeri H. , Baykal A. , Toprak M. S. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis of PEG-Mn3O4 nanocomposite (NP’s) via a hydrothermal route by using Mn(acac)2, ethanol, NH3 and PEG-400. The crystalline phase was identified as Mn3O4. The crystallite size of the PEG-Mn3O4 nanocomposite was calculated as 12±5 nm from X-ray line profile fitting and the average particle size from TEM was obtained as 200 nm. This reveals polycrystalline character of Mn3O4 NP’s. The interaction between PEG-400 and the Mn3O4 NP’s was investigated by FTIR. Temperature independent AC conductivity of PEG-Mn3O4 nanocomposite beyond 20 kHz provides a strong evidence of ionic conduction through the structure. The conductivity and permittivity measurements strongly depend on the secondary thermal transition of nanocomposite beyond 100°C. Above that temperature, Mn3O4 particles may interact with each other yielding a percolated path that will facilitate the conduction. On the other hand, the relatively lower activation energy (Ea=0.172 eV) for relaxation process suggests that polymer segmental motions of PEG and electrons hopping between Mn2+ and Mn3+ may be coupled in the sample below 100°C. Room temperature magnetization curve of the sample does not reach to a saturation, which indicates the superparamagnetic character of the particles. As the temperature increases, the frequency at which (ε″) reaches a maximum shifted towards higher frequencies. The maximum peak was observed at 1.4 kHz for 20°C while the maximum was detected at 23.2 kHz for 90°C.
Efficient CNTFET-based Ternary Full Adder Cells for Nanoelectronics
Authors: Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein , Mirzaee Reza Faghih , Navi Keivan , Hashemipour Omid 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
This paper presents two new efficient ternary Full Adder cells for nanoelectronics. These CNTFET-based ternary Full Adders are designed based on the unique characteristics of the CNTFET device, such as the capability of setting the desired threshold voltages by adopting proper diameters for the nanotubes as well as the same carrier mobilities for the N-type and P-type devices. These characteristics of CNTFETs make them very suitable for designing high-performance multiple-V
th structures. The proposed structures reduce the number of the transistors considerably and have very high driving capability. The presented ternary Full Adders are simulated using Synopsys HSPICE with 32 nm CNTFET technology to evaluate their performance and to confirm their correct operation.
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Analysis of Lowtemperature Thermal Reduction of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Yin Kuibo , Li Haitao , Xia Yidong , Bi Hengchang , Sun Jun , Liu Zhiguo , Sun Litao 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The thermodynamic state and kinetic process of low-temperature deoxygenation reaction of graphene oxide (GO) have been investigated for better understanding on the reduction mechanism by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetry-Mass Spectrometry (TG-MS), and X-ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that the thermal reduction reaction of GO is exothermic with degassing of CO2, CO and H2O. Graphene is thermodynamically more stable than GO. The deoxygenation reaction of GO is kinetically controlled and the activation energy for GO is calculated to be 167kJ/mol (1.73 eV/atom).
High-Performance Li-ion Batteries and Supercapacitors Based on Prospective 1-D Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Wang Ying , Zhang Yafei 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
One-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials with superior specific capacity, higher rate capability, better cycling peroperties have demonstrated significant advantages for high-performance Li-ion batteries and supercapacitors. This review describes some recent developments on the rechargeable electrodes by using 1-D nanomaterials (such as LiMn2O4 nanowires, carbon nanofibers, NiMoO4 · nH2O nanorods, V2O5 nanoribbons, carbon nanotubes, etc.). New preparation methods and superior electrochemical properties of the 1-D nanomaterials including carbon nanotube (CNT), some oxides, transition metal compounds and polymers, and their composites are emphatically introduced. The VGCF/LiFePO4/C triaxial nanowire cathodes for Li-ion battery present a positive cycling performance without any degradation in almost theoretical capacity (160 mAh/g). The Si nanowire anodes for Li-ion battery show the highest known theoretical charge capacity (4277 mAh/g), that is about 11 times lager than that of the commercial graphite (∼372 mAh/g). The SWCNT/Ni foam electrodes for supercapacitor display small equivalent series resistance (ESR, 52 mΩ) and impressive high power density (20 kW/kg). The advantages and challenges associated with the application of these materials for energy conversion and storage devices are highlighted.
Effect of Hydrolyzing Agents on the Properties of Poly (Ethylene Glycol)-Fe3O4 Nanocomposite
Authors: Karaoǧlu E. , Kavas H. , Baykal A. , Toprak M. S. , Sözeri H. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
A PEG assisted hydrothermal route was used to study the influence of the hydrolyzing agent on the properties of PEG-iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposites. Iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), which confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method in which NaOH and NH3 were used as hydrolyzing agents. Formation of PEG-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Samples exhibit different crystallite sizes, which estimated based on line profile fitting as 10 nm for NH3 and 8 nm for NaOH hydrolyzed samples. The average particle sizes obtained from transmission electron microscopy was respectively 174±3 nm for NaOH and 165±4 nm for NH3 gas hydrolyzed samples. Magnetic characterization results reveal superparamagnetic characters despite a large particle size, which may indicate the absence of coupling between the nanocrystals due to the polymer in the nanocomposite. The conductivity curve demonstrates that sDC strongly depends on the temperature.
Development of an Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor based on the Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase onto Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticle-Chitosan Composite
Authors: Yalçıner Furkan , Çevik Emre , Şenel Mehmet , Baykal Abdülhadi 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles have been dispersed in chitosan solution in order to fabricate nanocomposite films. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been immobilized onto this chitosan-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite film via physical adsorption. The size of the NiFe2O4 nanoparticles has been estimated using X-ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to be 40±9 nm. The chitosan-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite film and HRP/chitosan-NiFe2O4 bioelectrode have been characterized using SEM technique. The HRP/chitosan-NiFe2O4 nanocomposite bioelectrode has a response time of 4 s, linearity as 0.3 to 12mM of H2O2, sensitivity as 22 nA/mM. The effects of pH and the temperature of the immobilized HRP electrode have also been studied.
Fabrication and Optical Properties of Silicon Nanowires Arrays by Electroless Ag-catalyzed Etching
Authors: Tang Jie , Shi Jianwei , Zhou Lili , Ma Zhongquan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In order to realize ultralow surface reflectance and broadband antireflection effects which common pyramidal textures and antireflection coatings can’t achieve in photovoltaic industry, we used low-cost and easy-made Ag-catalyzed etching techniques to synthesize silicon nanowires (SiNWs) arrays on the substrate of single-crystalline silicon. The dense vertically-aligned Si NWs arrays are fabricated by local oxidation and selective dissolution of Si in etching solution containing Ag catalyst. The Si NWs arrays with 3 μm in depth make reflectance reduce to less than 3% in the range of 400 to 1000 nm while reflectance gradually reached the optimum value with the increasing of etching time. The antireflection of Si NWs arrays are based on index-graded mechanism: Si NWs arrays on a subwavelength scale strongly scatter incident light and have graded refractive index that enhance the incidence of light in usable wavelength range. However, surface recombination of Si NWs arrays are deteriorated due to numerous dangling bonds and residual Ag particles.
Alignment of Nanoscale Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Strands
Authors: Yang Danna , Wang Lin , Zhang Xiaoxian , Wang Dongwei , Shen Zhiqiang , Li Sai 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with controllable density, pattern and orientation on electrodes presents a challenge in today’s research. Here, we report a novel solvent evaporation method to align SWNTs in patterns havingnanoscale width and micronscale length. SWNTs suspension has been introduced dropwise onto photoresist resin microchannels; and the capillary force can stretch and align SWNTs into strands with nanoscale width in the microchannels. Then these narrow and long aligned SWNTs patterns were successfully transferred to a pair of gold electrodes with different gaps to fabricate carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNTFET). Moreover, the electrical performance of the CNTFET show that the SWNTs strands can bridge different gaps and fabricate good electrical performance CNTFET with ON/OFF ratio around 106. This result suggests a promising and simple strategy for assembling well-aligned SWNTs into CNTFET device with good electrical performance.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Large FPGAs with CNFET- and CMOS-based Switches in Nanoscale
Authors: Moaiyeri Mohammad Hossein , Jahaniana Ali , Navia Keivan 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Routing resources are the major bottlenecks in improving the performance and power consumption of the current FPGAs. Recently reported researches have shown that carbon nanotube field effect transistors (CNFETs) have considerable potentials for improving the delay and power consumption of the modern FPGAs. In this paper, hybrid CNFET-CMOS architecture is presented for FPGAs and then this architecture is evaluated to be used in modern FPGAs. In addition, we have designed and parameterized the CNFET-based FPGA switches and calibrated them for being utilized in FPGAs at 45 nm, 22 nm and 16 nm technology nodes. Simulation results show that the CNFET-based FPGA switches improve the current FPGAs in terms of performance, power consumption and immunity to process and temperature variations. Simulation results and analyses also demonstrate that the performance of the FPGAs is improved about 30%, on average and the average and leakage power consumptions are reduced more than 6% and 98% respectively when the CNFET switches are used instead of MOSFET FPGA switches. Moreover, this technique leads to more than 20.31% smaller area. It is worth mentioning that the advantages of CNFET-based FPGAs are more considerable when the size of FPGAs grows and also when the technology node becomes smaller.