bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF SCHOOL BASED INJURY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM IN JIANGSU, CHINA
Authors: Yang J , Zhang Y , Zhang X , Wu M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChild injuries have been a significant public health problem worldwide. Although information technology is becoming the backbone of all injury surveillance systems, many child injury data collections are resource intensive, especially in less-developed areas.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiological profile for injured school children using the School Based Injury Surveillance System (SBISS) established in Jiangsu Province of China; and to demonstrate this SBISS is a useful tool to overcome resource deficiencies and to improve child injury prevention at schools.MethodsThe SBISS employs a network-based electronic reporting system for public schools in Jiangsu, and adopts WHO standardised injury scales to collect injury information for school children graded 1–12. It uses available resources and makes documentation readily available for schools. Data are entered online at schools and verifications are conducted manually. We collected data for injured children aged 6–18 years during September 2011 to June 2012 to describe the distributions of injury severity, mechanisms, injured body regions, place of occurrence, and activity when injured.ResultsThe SBISS now covers 1.8% school children in Jiangsu and reported 2358 injuries to date. The morbidity of injuries was 4.16%. Among all injuries, about 6.4% lost their lives or disabled or function limited. Falls was the principal injury mechanisms accounting for 49.9% in total, followed by sharp injuries (22.6%). Lower limbs were the most common injured body regions, accounting for 38.3%. The majority of children were injured at classroom and school playground while doing sports and entertainment activities.SignificanceThe SBISS provides efficient and quality injury information, speeds up the administration process, and lessens workforce allocation. Timely programmes addressing local injury among children are likely to benefit this E-reporting data collection.
THE SAFETY INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE PROVIDED TO PARENTS BY ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE DEALERS AND SALES REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: Jennissen C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSince April 2009, the US Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act requires that new ATVs be subject to an action plan prescribing steps makers and sellers must take to ensure safety, such as rider training, distribution of safety information, and appropriate age recommendation.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo determine the practice of dealers and salespersons with regards to promoting safe ATV use.MethodsA ‘secret buyer’ method was utilised to evaluate ATV seller practices.Results/Outcomes50 ATV dealerships from 4 states were studied. 35 subjects (70%) were willing to show and discuss selling an adult-sized ATV when told that the purchase was for a 12-year-old. Seven (14%) responded with comments that ATVs should have no extra riders when the investigator made statements about the adequacy of a seat being long enough for a child to give a sibling rides. Only one subject informed about the need for a 12-year-old to complete ATV safety training to drive in a public ATV park when prompted.Significance/Contribution to the FieldIn this study, most ATV sellers did not follow requirements regarding age recommendation or provide other safety information. Those that did often voiced concerns about possible negative repercussions from violations. Dealership regulation compliance may increase with on-going enforcement. However, a ‘don't ask, don't tell’ relationship between seller and buyer was alluded to during the study in which sellers don't ask and buyers don't tell they are purchasing a larger machine for a child. This practice would limit the impact of regulation enforcement.
THE NEW TOBACCO—TACTICS ADOPTED BY QUAD BIKE MANUFACTURERS TO NOT ROLLOVER
Authors: Lower T 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundQuad bikes are the leading cause of fatal injury in Australian farm settings. A major issue has been manufacturers' resistance to improve the design of their products in relation to stability and protection in the event of a rollover.AimThis paper provides a summary of the similarities between the tactics adopted by the quad bike manufacturers' in resisting change and that of the tobacco industry.MethodHistorical document review and source information from key stakeholders.ResultsBoth industries have established grandiosely titled ‘institutes’ to garner public respect and commissioned ‘independent’ research to assess and present data supporting their stance. While the quality of the ‘independent’ findings has been shown to be invalid, they have continued to perpetuate these results. Extensive advertising is used to open new markets and ensnare customers for life (particularly children). Both have incessantly lobbied governments and other agencies, playing on cries of ‘nanny state’. Most alarmingly, their emphasis has been that people know the risks associated with these products and can choose to make their own decisions. However, no credence is given to the fact that the design of both products is flawed and fundamentally unsafe when used.SignificanceAs occurred with the tobacco industry, well-planned, evidence-based and persistent action can be used to negate these tactics by multi-national quad bike manufacturers.
CLOSING THE GAP: PROGRESSING FROM INJURY PREVENTION RESEARCH TO SAFETY PROMOTION PRACTICE
Authors: Hanson D , Finch C , Allegrante J , Sleet D 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe application of the public health model to injury prevention starts with:1. establishing the magnitude of the problem2. identifying risk factors3. developing effective interventions4. disseminating themUnfortunately most research does not result in widespread dissemination of effective interventions.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThis paper describes and addresses the barriers that impede the implementation of effective injury prevention interventions.MethodsLiterature review.Results/OutcomeSeveral gaps between injury prevention research and safety promotion practice are identified:• the efficacy and effectiveness gap (a scientific problem),• the research to practice gap (an implementation problem),• the injury prevention to safety promotion gap (a political problem).These gaps stem from the contrasting approaches researchers, policy makers, practitioners and the community take to the scientific, practical, and social challenges posed by the contextual complexity of injury. Some researchers believe that stages 1–3 constitute the real scientific work of injury prevention arguing that Stage 4, dissemination and adoption, can essentially be delegated to practitioners who merely have to apply their research findings. This approach underestimates the importance of the contextual determinants of success.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThree types of experts are required to design effective interventions capable of dissemination into the wider community:• researchers (content experts),• practitioners (process experts)• the target community itself (context experts).From the outset, an open transdisciplinary dialogue that synthesises the expertise of all stakeholders is required to design effective interventions that can be applied in the real world.
TRACKING THE TRENDS—HOW NEW PLYMOUTH DISTRICT USES DATA AND COMMUNITY CONSULTATION TO DRIVE ITS INTERNATIONAL SAFE COMMUNITY PROGRAMME
Authors: Forde K , Maskill C , Archer B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNew Plymouth District, population 69 000, is an accredited International Safe Community. The safe community programme is led by a coalition of agencies in the form of a charitable trust, known as New Plymouth injurySafe (NPiS). One of its key functions is ensuring the community is informed and consulted on priorities for injury prevention and safety promotion. In 2011, NPiS commissioned a comprehensive community injury needs assessment report, the third such report, following on from the first in 2001 and the second in 2006.Aims/Objectives/PurposeThe objectives of the research were: to provide statistics on injury patterns and trends and consult stakeholders on priorities and strategies; and to reflect on the value of the safe community programme to date.MethodsResearchers conducted statistical analysis, a literature review, stakeholder interviews, an email survey and issue-specific focus groups.Results/OutcomesThe three injury needs assessments provide a wide-ranging set of local injury statistics extending back over 20 years for some data. While acknowledging the limitations of relying on data to assess the impact of the safe community programme, encouraging trends are identified, including the district's comparatively low all-age injury hospitalisation rates during the period the programme has been functioning. The presentation will describe how each of the three reports has helped to shape the safe community programme.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe reports are shown to be a major resource for the district and an enabler for injury prevention action.
PLANNING SAFER SUBURBS? THE INFLUENCE OF CHANGE IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON RESDIENTS' PERCEIVED SAFETY FROM CRIME
Authors: Foster S , Christian H , Wood L , Giles-Corti B 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundNeighbourhoods that promote natural surveillance may support greater feelings of safety; yet few empirical studies have explored the relationship between suburban planning and residents' perceived safety.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo examine whether changes to the built environment that promote pedestrian movement influence residents' perceived safety from crime.MethodsThe RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) study is a longitudinal study of people moving into new neighbourhoods (n=74) in Perth, Western Australia. Participants (n=1420) completed a questionnaire before moving to their new neighbourhood, and again 12 months after relocation. Objective environmental measures were generated at both time points using Geographic Information Systems. Linear regression examined the influence of changes to the built and social environments on perceived safety, controlling for individual factors and suburb-level changes in crime.Results/OutcomesResident's perceived safety increased after relocation (p =0.000). A decrease in vacant land improved perceived safety (p =0.042); and perceived improvements in traffic safety and street lighting, and declines in graffiti/vandalism were also determinants of increased perceived safety (p =0.000). Notably, increased social cohesion caused the greatest increase in perceived safety after relocation (p =0.000).Significant/Contribution to the FieldChanges to the built environment had little impact on perceived safety, however participants typically moved to urban-fringe suburbs where infrastructure was still developing. Residents' changing perceptions were important influences on perceived safety, and community initiatives that improve social cohesion, street lighting and maintenance, and manage traffic may best promote perceived safety. Further follow-up is needed to investigate whether the observed relationships are related to the novelty of moving to a new neighbourhood.
SUCCESSES AND FAILURES OF ROAD SAFETY POLICY IN EUROPE
Authors: Sethi D , Mitis F 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe UN and WHA resolutions on road safety and health and European policy have helped to raise road safety as a health priority. Members States in the WHO European Region are rising to the challenge but there are large inequalities between and within countries in the Region.PurposeTo discuss the successes and failures of road safety policy in Europe.MethodsSurvey of health ministry focal persons and age standardised mortality rates.ResultsThere is almost a 10 fold difference between the country with the highest and lowest age standardised mortality rate in Europe. Variation exists in the implementation of policies around speed control, seat-belt wearing, drink driving, helmet wearing and safer road infrastructure and vehicles. Generally countries in Northwest and Southwest Europe have had more success, with growing success in Central and Eastern Europe, and less success in Southern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Successful country examples will be discussed. At a European level, there is a correlation between front seat-belt wearing and mortality in car occupants adjusted for car ownership (r=−0.8), implying that successful implementation of this policy saves lives. Similarly there is an association between helmet wearing and deaths in motorcycle riders (r=−0.6).SignificanceThis paper shows that whereas good progress is being made in road safety in Europe, many countries need to strive for more sustained implementation of policies. Many policies are transferrable; the reasons for the successes and failures of implementation are discussed. More widespread data on reliable indicators are needed.
‘WHY SOMETIMES I'VE BELIEVED AS MANY AS SIX IMPOSSIBLE THINGS BEFORE BREAKFAST’: TRANSLATING CLINICAL EXPERIENCE INTO INJURY PREVENTION OUTCOMES
Authors: Barker R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundClinicians in a variety of fields are at the receiving end of many injury incidents. Information relevant to preventing injury is often discussed, less often documented, and rarely acted upon other than after-the-fact behavioural advice to the patient or caregiver. The latter is due to many factors, including work load, lack of non-clinical time, lack of awareness of relevant injury prevention networks and a limited understanding of the complex frameworks that underpin community safety and injury prevention.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo describe how non-clinical injury prevention practitioners and clinical health practitioners can engage to develop stronger and more effective injury prevention partnerships.MethodsThe author works as an emergency paediatrician and directs the Queensland Injury Surveillance Unit. In collaboration with a range of partners from diverse backgrounds, she has been able to deliver several injury prevention outcomes, across a variety of injury topics. The author also has experience in attempting to engage clinicians (nursing and medical) to participate in injury prevention activities.Results/OutcomeThe presentation will describe ways of collaborating across silos using recent injury prevention activities to illustrate how outcomes can be achieved. This will be presented under the following headings:• Clinicians don't answer emails: collating clinical cases of lye water ingestion in Australia• But the right answer is obvious: toddler falls from balconies and a quest to change the Australian Building code• True injury surveillance: engaging families and clinicians in reporting product related injurySignificance/Contribution to the FieldThis paper is a call for greater collaborative engagement between injury prevention practitioners and clinicians, in order to more effectively deliver injury prevention outcomes.
NEW ZEALAND ESTIMATES OF THE TOTAL SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC COST OF INJURIES
Authors: O'ea D , Wren J 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy (NZIPS) identifies six priority areas—assault, drowning, falls, motor vehicle traffic crashes, suicide/selfharm and work-related injury. Conservative and consistent cost estimates are required to monitor Strategy outcomes over time.ObjectiveTo estimate the total economic and social cost of injury, by priority area, for the years 2007 to 2010.MethodsThe Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) covers all injury in New Zealand. Treatment and rehabilitation costs and lost economic contribution from non-fatal injury are based on ACC expenditure data. Human costs are estimated using the value of a preventable fatality (willingness to pay), years of life lost, and disability adjusted life year ratios.ResultsThe total cost of injury in New Zealand is NZ$10.2 billion. This comprises of $1.3 billion of treatment and rehabilitation costs, $1.9 billion of lost economic contribution and $7.1 billion of human costs (includes the cost of pain and suffering). Motor vehicle traffic crashes have the highest total cost, followed by suicide, then falls.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis research provides a consistent set of cost estimates across the six government priority areas. It will be used to monitor progress against the New Zealand Injury Prevention Strategy and to inform injury prevention cost benefit analyses.
EVALUATION OF THE CHILD SAFETY EDUCATION COALITION IN ENGLAND
Authors: Mulvaney C , Watson M , Errington G , Coupland C , Kendrick D , Walsh P 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundIn 2008 the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents was awarded £1.6m from the UK government to establish the Child Safety Education Coalition (CSEC). CSEC's role was to improve ‘the provision of practical safety education to give more children and young people the skills, knowledge and confidence to keep themselves safe’.Aims/Objectives/PurposeA team from the University of Nottingham evaluated CSEC in terms of:• its processes, such as establishing the coalition and working with partners• its impact on increasing the provision of practical safety education• its impact on those determinants of unintended injury which are amenable to change through practical safety education.MethodsMultiple data collection methods were used: interviews of members, non-members and stakeholders, observations of meetings, questionnaires surveying members' practical safety education provision, case studies of members to illustrate practice, and international expert review of CSEC's achievements and future potential.Results/OutcomeCSEC attracted a diverse membership of 129 organisations. Collaborative working facilitated the exchange of ideas. CSEC coordinators worked with members to develop the Resource Profiler and the Risk Competency Frameworks which members used to evaluate and improve their practical safety education and consequently the safety knowledge and skills of children. This collaboration also established new opportunities for providing practical safety education.Significance/Contribution to the FieldCoalitions provide a useful forum for members to enhance their own practice by learning from the experience of others. In the long term national coalitions have the potential to positively influence the provision of practical safety education.
ONE VOICE—SAFER CANADA: MERGING CANADA'S FOUR LARGEST INJURY PREVENTION ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Groff P , Kells P , Fuselli P , Nesdale-Tucker R 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPreventable injury kills more than 13 000 Canadians every year, or about 1.5 every hour. In addition to the devastating collateral damage to the person injured and their families the impact for all injury on Canada's economy is more than $19.8 billion each year.Aims/Objectives/PurposeIn January 2009, the leaders from four Canadian injury prevention organisations, Safe Communities Canada, Safe Kids Canada, SMARTRISK, and Think First Canada, began to discuss ways to collaborate to advance their collective mission.MethodsA multi-phase study was conducted to examine how the four organisations might jointly identify, integrate, and approve shared initiatives in knowledge management, stakeholder engagement, fund development, and marketing—to speak with one voice.Results/OutcomeThe result of this research was a report, ‘One Voice—Safer Canada’. The key learning was that, at present, injury is a disease without an identity, largely because, unlike other major health causes, there is no single, dominant voice in Canada working to create it. Seven specific recommendations formed the core of this report. A transition steering committee composed of senior decision makers for the organisations crafted a plan to successfully integrate their operations into one entity.Significance/Contribution to the FieldAs of 1 July 2012 the organisations officially merged as Parachute, with the goal of becoming leaders in the field, educating, inspiring and mobilising Canadians to prevent injuries. The merger presents a unique opportunity to enrich programming, strengthen research, and increase strategic influence to be an impactful and resourceful organisation for all Canadians.
WOMEN'S SAFETY ISSUES IN EXPORT ZONES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF A GLOBALISED ECONOMY
Authors: LU JL 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundWomen dominate the labourforce in export zones which are multinational enclaves in the country. In this type of work, there are reports of safety issues that affect their health.ObjectivesThis study tried to look into the occupational safety issues of women workers.MethodsThis investigated 630 women workers in 31 industries in export zones in the Philippines. Tools included work investigation, industrial hygiene and interviews.ResultsThe study showed that technology has intensified work. The new work arrangements were seen to produce new hazards. The characteristics now of the new workplace are: information technology intensive work, fast pace of work, the need for upskilling, burnout, chronic sleep debt, and superspeed communications. Accidents were a common sight in factories. The women reported the following accidents in the workplace for the past one-year: eye infection due to dust and wounds due to sharp objects. The more severe forms of accidents were falling (14%), electrical accidents (6.3%) and being caught in the machine (17.3%). The latter was the most common form of amputation of any body part.SignificanceThe contribution of this study to the field is to show that with the growing internationalisation of work and economies of nation states, women's involvement in the labour market has increased their vulnerability to hazards and injuries where consequent safety programmes are not implemented.
RISK FACTORS OF HEAT STROKE IN ACTIVE DUTY US ARMY SOLDIERS, 2002–2007
Authors: Hill O , Leon L , McKinnon C 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHeat stroke (HS) is a serious civilian and military medical condition and the incidence of this potentially fatal condition has increased dramatically over the past 30 years. Many of the risk factors that increase HS susceptibility are well-recognised, but ∼35% of cases occur in low-risk personnel practicing sound heat mitigation procedures.PurposeWe hypothesised that pre-existing infection/inflammation is an independent HS risk factor (RF). We identified all clinically presenting HS cases in the US Active Duty Army (ADA) (2002–2007) to examine further.MethodsUtilising the Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database (TAIHOD), which contains ADA personnel and health data, we: (1) Captured absolute numbers and rates of HS and RF of interest (2) Developed models to determine the independent contribution of RF and assess significance. HS case was an ICD-9-CM code of 992.0. Soldier characteristics examined include: Gender, age, race, marital status, education, deployment history, and length of service.ResultsThe OR for developing HS were elevated in Soldier's diagnosed (w/in 60 days) with the following conditions: Gastroenteritis (OR 4.48, 95% CI 2.29 to 10.40) Skin disorders (OR 4.21, 95% CI 2.06 to 8.50); Pharyngitis (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.23 to 6.20); Bronchitis (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.19 to 12.50), and prior heat injury (w/in 2 years) (OR 37.20, 95% CI 19.50 to 71.20).SignificanceSoldiers with a recent diagnosis of Gastroenteritis, Skin disorders, Pharyngitis, Bronchitis and prior heat injury (w/in 2 years) appear more susceptible to HS, likely due to augmented hyperthermia or deactivation of protective molecular pathways. HS prevention programmes should target these at-risk Soldier sub-populations.