bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cointegration between stock prices, dividends, output and consumption
Authors: Black Angela J. , McMillan David G. , McMillan Fiona J. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to empirically test for multiple cointegrating vectors in a holistic manner. Theoretical developments imply bivariate cointegration among stock prices, dividends, output and consumption where independent models identify key theoretical cointegration vectors.Design/methodology/approach– This paper considers both Johansen and Horvath–Watson testing approaches for cointegration. This paper also examines the forecasting power of these cointegrating relationships against alternate forecast variables.Findings– The results suggest evidence of a long-run cointegrating relationship between stock prices, dividends, output and consumption, although not necessarily linked by a single common stochastic trend; each series responds to disequilibrium with greater evidence of a reaction from dividends and consumption – of note, output responds to changes in stock market equilibrium; and there is forecast power from the joint stock market–macro cointegrating vector for stocks returns and consumption growth over the historical average. Of particular note, other forecast models that include consumption perform well and suggest a key role for this variable in stock return and consumption growth forecasts.Originality/value– This is the first paper to combine the cointegrating relationships between stocks, dividends, output and consumption. Thus, the empirical validity of stated theoretical hypotheses can be analysed. The forecast results also demonstrate the usefulness of this. They also show that forecast models that include consumption perform well and suggest a key role for this variable in stock return and consumption growth forecasts.
Earnings smoothing around open-market share repurchases
Authors: Di Hui , Marciukaityte Dalia 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether firms engage in earnings decreasing management before share repurchases to mislead investors or to smooth earnings and improve earnings informativeness.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors examine discretionary accruals and cash flows around open-market share repurchases. The primary discretionary accruals measure is industry- and performance-adjusted discretionary current accruals estimated from cash-flow data.

Findings
– Results show that, firms experience temporary increases in operating cash flows and use negative discretionary accruals to smooth earnings before share repurchases. Firms with the highest pre-repurchase cash flows use the lowest pre-repurchase discretionary accruals. Moreover, pre-repurchase discretionary accruals reflect expectations about future operating cash flows. Firms with the strongest deterioration in operating cash flows after repurchases use the lowest pre-repurchase discretionary accruals. These findings suggest that repurchasing firms use earnings management to increase smoothness and predictability of reported earnings rather than to mislead investors.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an alternative explanation to the finding of negative discretionary accruals before share repurchases. It adds to the literature on repurchases and earnings smoothing by showing that firms use earnings management around share repurchases to smooth earnings.
A quantile regression analysis on corporate governance and the cost of bank loans: a research note
Authors: Chi Wuchun , Huang Huichi , Xie Hong 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate whether there is heterogeneity in the relationship between the bank loan interest rate and its determinants using the quantile regression method and to reconcile some conflicting findings in prior literature.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the effects of 18 determinants were examined on the bank loan interest rate using the ordinary least squares method (OLS). Second, it was investigated whether the relationship between the loan rate and its determinants is heterogeneous across quantiles of loan rates using the quantile regression method.

Findings
– Considerable heterogeneity was found in the relationship between the loan rate and its determinants. Specifically, a determinant that is beneficial for the bank loan rate, on average, as revealed by the OLS method may become unimportant or even detrimental for firms located at extremely high or low loan rate quantiles. By revealing extreme heterogeneity in the relationship between the loan rate and some of its determinants, the authors potentially explain two conflicting findings in prior literature.

Originality/value
– The conventional OLS method masks the heterogeneity in the relationship between the bank loan interest rate and its determinants. Quantile regression can be used to supplement the OLS estimates to gain a more detailed and complete picture of the relationship between the dependent variable and explanatory variables.
Thermal model and measurements of polymer laser sintering
Authors: Diller Timothy T , Yuan Mengqi , Bourell David L. , Beaman Joseph J. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the bulk energy transport processes in the build chamber environment before and during laser sintering (LS) to provide a basis for effective and accurate thermal control for the LS process. This leads to improved mechanical properties and geometrical tolerances for LS products and may be applied to optimize operation cycle times for the LS process.Design/methodology/approach– Computational models with two levels of complexity were built to explore the heat transfer mechanisms in the LS process. In a one-dimensional model (1D), the powder performed as a semi-infinite solid and heater flux to the powder surface was modeled with a heater control law. A two-dimensional (2D) fluid/solid finite element model of the build chamber and powder bins provided insight into the thermal processes in the build chamber.Findings– Numerical 1D simulations were verified with measurements from sensors embedded in the build chamber powder bed. Using a 2D model, computed powder surface temperatures during the warm up and build phases were verified with an infrared camera. Convective currents in the build chamber and non-uniformities in the distribution of temperature over the radiant heater surface were found to be substantial contributors to non-uniformities in the powder bed surface temperature.Research limitations/implications– Limited heat sources were analyzed. No three-dimensional model was built. Assumptions to decrease the part bed temperature difference were not tested.Originality/value– These simulation and experimental results may be used to enhance thermal control and operation efficiency during the LS process and to improve LS product mechanical properties.
In vitro corrosion analyses of heat treated cobalt-chromium alloys manufactured by direct metal laser sintering
Authors: Alifui-Segbaya Frank , Lewis Jeffrey , Eggbeer Dominic , Williams Robert John 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this research paper is to compare corrosion data obtained from additive-manufactured heat-treated (HRx) and non-heat-treated (NHRx) cobalt-chromium (Co–Cr) alloys. Heat treatments are indicated as necessary in complex intra-oral framework production by additive manufacturing to remove accumulated thermal stresses. However, heat treatments have been linked to corrosion in cast dental alloys. Currently, there are few publications on this subject for laser-sintered dental alloys required for academic review.

Design/methodology/approach
– Five rectangular specimens (n = 5), each with a total surface area of 10.27 cm2, were fabricated for the two groups. Specimens were immersed in an artificial saliva solution suspended by a nylon thread for 42 days at 37°C. Readings for Co, Cr and molybdenum ions released into the solution were obtained using an atomic absorption spectrometer at 1-, 4-, 7-, 14-, 21-, 28-, 35- and 42-day intervals at a detection limit of one part per million. Test methods are in accordance with ISO 10271.

Findings
– Results showed a higher ion release in the HRx sample, statistically significant at 99 per cent confidence level (p < 0.01). A two-way ANOVA test conducted showed that there was a main effect of day and a main effect of finish, and there was also a significant interaction between these factors.

Originality/value
– The study concludes that, although ion release in both samples was within the safe level recommended by ISO for the three major alloying elements, heat treatment, indeed, contributed extensively to the reduced corrosion resistance in the laser-sintered Co–Cr alloy. Further biocompatibility tests are recommended.
Environmental, health, and safety issues in rapid prototyping
Authors: Short D. B , Sirinterlikci A. , Badger P. , Artieri B. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– This study aims to investigate the potential impacts of rapid prototyping systems on the health and safety of operators and the environment, a growing concern given its wide-spread use in industry and academia.

Design/methodology/approach
– Materials, processing and equipment features were used to identify potential health and safety risks and hazards, as well as environmental effects.

Findings
– The study concludes with a “best practices” guide for rapid prototyping laboratories and service bureaus.

Originality/value
– A thorough literature search revealed that Stephen M. Deak, the Rapid Prototyping Department Manager at Hasbro Inc., is the pioneer of the safety and health concerns in the rapid prototyping area. He is the only person to publish papers in this field in addition to these authors’ recent publications. His papers focused on the rapid prototyping laboratory safety guidelines and safe work practices in the rapid prototyping area.
Supports effect on tensile strength of the stereolithography parts
Authors: Kazemi M. , Rahimi A.R. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of the supports on tensile strength (TS) of stereolithography (SL) parts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The shape of specimens (tensile specimens) is according to the American Society Testing and Materials (ASTM) D638 standard. Some parts have support trace on one side and some have support trace on both sides. To achieve this target, some parts are fabricated on other parts; therefore, support of the upper part is fabricated on upper face of lower part.

Findings
– Influences of supports traces on mechanical properties aren’t “zero”. Supports affect TS of SL parts by affecting surface roughness of parts. After experimentation and analyzing experimental results, it is concluded that the TS of the parts which have support on both sides is slightly lower than the parts which have support just on one side.

Originality/value
– This is the first attempt toward investigation of supports effects on the mechanical properties in SL parts.
Multiple plant traits shape the genetic basis of herbivore community assembly
Authors: Barbour Matthew A. , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , Wu Elizabeth T. , Julkunen‐Tiitto Riitta , Ritland Carol E. , Miscampbell Allyson E. , Jules Erik S. , Crutsinger Gregory M. 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Community genetics research has posited a genetic basis to the assembly of ecological communities. For arthropod herbivores in particular, there is strong support that genetic variation in host plants is a key factor shaping their diversity and composition. However, the specific plant phenotypes underlying herbivore responses remain poorly explored for most systems.

We address this knowledge gap by examining the influence of both genetic and phenotypic variation in a dominant host‐plant species, Salix hookeriana, on its associated arthropod herbivore community in a common garden experiment. Specifically, we surveyed herbivore responses among five different arthropod feeding guilds to 26 distinct S. hookeriana genotypes. Moreover, we quantified the heritability of a suite of plant traits that determine leaf quality (e.g. phenolic compounds, trichomes, specific leaf area, C : N) and whole‐plant architecture, to identify which traits best accounted for herbivore community responses to S. hookeriana genotype.

We found that total herbivore abundance and community composition differed considerably among S. hookeriana genotypes, with strong and independent responses of several species and feeding guilds driving these patterns. We also found that leaf phenolic chemistry displayed extensive heritable variation, whereas leaf physiology and plant architecture tended to be less heritable. Of these traits, herbivore responses were primarily associated with leaf phenolics and plant architecture; however, different herbivore species and feeding guilds were associated with different sets of traits. Despite our thorough trait survey, plant genotype remained a significant predictor of herbivore responses in most trait association analyses, suggesting that unmeasured host‐plant characteristics and/or interspecific interactions were also contributing factors.

Taken together, our results support that the genetic basis of herbivore community assembly occurs through a suite of plant traits for different herbivore species and feeding guilds. Still, identifying these phenotypic mechanisms requires measuring a broad range of plant traits and likely further consideration of how these traits affect interspecific interactions.
Monitoring viscosity changes from time‐lapse seismic attenuation: case study from a heavy oil reservoir
Authors: Shabelansky Andrey H. , Malcolm Alison , Fehler Michael 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTHeating heavy oil reservoirs is a common method for reducing the high viscosity of heavy oil and thus increasing the recovery factor. Monitoring of these viscosity changes in the reservoir is essential for delineating the heated region and controlling production. In this study, we present an approach for estimating viscosity changes in a heavy oil reservoir. The approach consists of three steps: measuring seismic wave attenuation between reflections from above and below the reservoir, constructing time‐lapse Q and Q−1 factor maps, and interpreting these maps using Kelvin–Voigt and Maxwell viscoelastic models. We use a 4D relative spectrum method to measure changes in attenuation. The method is tested with synthetic seismic data that are noise free and data with additive Gaussian noise to show the robustness and the accuracy of the estimates of the Q‐factor. The results of the application of the method to a field data set exhibit alignment of high attenuation zones along the steam‐injection wells, and indicate that temperature dependent viscosity changes in the heavy oil reservoir can be explained by the Kelvin–Voigt model.
Isolation and Identification of Phenolic Antioxidants in Black Rice Bran
Authors: Jun Hyun‐Il , Shin Jae‐Wook , Song Geun‐Seoup , Kim Young‐Soo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBlack rice bran contains phenolic compounds of a high antioxidant activity. In this study, the 40% acetone extract of black rice bran was sequentially fractionated to obtain 5 fractions. Out of the 5 fractions, ethyl acetate fraction was subfractionated using the Sephadex LH‐20 chromatography. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in the extracts was investigated by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical assay, 2,2‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylenebenzothiozoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation assay, reducing power. The subfraction 2 from ethyl acetate fraction had the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) (816.0 μg/mg) and the lowest EC50 values (47.8 μg/mL for DPPH radical assay, 112.8 μg/mL for ABTS radical cation assay, and 49.2 μg/mL for reducing power). These results were 3.1, 1.3, and 2.6 times lower than those of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), respectively. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL, the antioxidant activity and TPC of various extracts was closely correlated, with correlation coefficients (R2) higher than 0.86. The major phenolic acid in subfraction 2 was identified as ferulic acid (178.3 μg/mg) by HPLC and LC‐ESI/MS/MS analyses. Our finding identified ferulic acid as a major phenolic compound in black rice bran, and supports the potential use of black rice bran as a natural source of antioxidant.
Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Brazilian Water Buffalo Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Silva Luana Faria , Casella Tiago , Gomes Elisangela Soares , Nogueira Mara Correa Lelles , De Dea Lindner Juliano , Penna Ana Lúcia Barretto 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe water buffalo mozzarella cheese is a typical Italian cheese which has been introduced in the thriving Brazilian market in the last 10 y, with good acceptance by its consumers. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in the technological and sensory quality of mozzarella cheese. In this study, the aim was to evaluate the diversity of the autochthones viable LAB isolated from water buffalo mozzarella cheese under storage. Samples were collected in 3 independent trials in a dairy industry located in the southeast region of Brazil, on the 28th day of storage, at 4 ºC. The LAB were characterized by Gram staining, catalase test, capacity to assimilate citrate, and production of CO2 from glucose. The diversity of LAB was evaluated by RAPD‐PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA‐polymerase chain reaction), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and by Vitek 2 system. Twenty LAB strains were isolated and clustered into 12 different clusters, and identified as Streptococcus thermophilus, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus helveticus. Enterococcus species were dominant and citrate‐positive. Only the strains of L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides and L. fermentum produced CO2 from glucose and were citrate‐positive, while L. casei was only citrate positive. This is the first report which elucidates the LAB diversity involved in Brazilian water buffalo mozzarella cheese. Furthermore, the results show that despite the absence of natural whey cultures as starters in production, the LAB species identified are the ones typically found in mozzarella cheese.
Prospective Relationship Between Poor Sleep and Substance‐Related Problems in a National Sample of Adolescents
Authors: Wong Maria M. , Robertson Gail C. , Dyson Rachel B. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundPrevious studies showed that poor sleep prospectively predicted alcohol‐related problems and illicit drug use in adolescents and young adults (Wong and Brower, 2012; Wong et al., 2010). However, more work needs to be done to elucidate the nature of these problems. The purpose of this study was to examine whether sleep difficulties and hours of sleep prospectively predicted several serious substance‐related problems, for example, binge drinking, driving under the influence of alcohol, and risky sexual behavior.MethodsStudy participants were 6,504 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Data were collected from interviews and questionnaires. This study analyzed data from the first 3 waves of data (T1: 1994 to 1995; T2: 1996; T3: 2001 to 2002). In all analyses, we used sleep difficulties at a previous wave to predict substance‐related problems at a subsequent wave, while controlling for substance‐related problems at a previous wave.ResultsHolding T1 alcohol‐related problems constant, sleep difficulties at T1 significantly predicted alcohol‐related interpersonal problems, binge drinking, gotten drunk or very high on alcohol, driving under the influence of alcohol, getting into a sexual situation one later regretted due to drinking, ever using any illicit drugs, and drug‐related problems at T2. T1 hours of sleep negatively predicted T2 alcohol‐related interpersonal problems and binge drinking. The relationship between T2 sleep variables and T3 substance‐related problems was consistent with previous waves, although the effect was weaker.ConclusionsSleep difficulties and hours of sleep are a significant predictor of a number of substance‐related problems. It may be useful to educate adolescents about the importance of sleep, sleep hygiene, and the potential consequences of poor sleep on drinking and related behaviors.
The Acute Effects of Alcohol on Sleep Electroencephalogram Power Spectra in Late Adolescence
Authors: Chan Julia K. M. , Trinder John , Colrain Ian M. , Nicholas Christian L. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundAlcohol's effect on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra during late adolescence is of interest given that this age group shows both dramatic increases in alcohol consumption and major sleep‐related developmental changes in quantitative EEG measures. This study examined the effect of alcohol on sleep EEG power spectra in 18‐ to 21‐year‐old college students.MethodsParticipants were 24 (12 female) healthy 18‐ to 21‐year‐old social drinkers. Participants underwent 2 conditions: presleep alcohol and placebo, followed by standard polysomnography with comprehensive EEG recordings.ResultsAfter alcohol, mean breath alcohol concentration at lights‐out was 0.084%. Interaction effects indicated simultaneous increases in frontal non‐rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) delta (p = 0.031) and alpha (p = 0.005) power in the first sleep cycles following alcohol consumption which was most prominent at frontal scalp sites (p < 0.001). A decrease in sigma power (p = 0.001) was also observed after alcohol.ConclusionsAs hypothesized, alcohol increased slow wave sleep‐related NREM delta power. However, there was a simultaneous increase in frontal alpha power. Results suggest that alcohol may exert an arousal influence which may compete with the sleep maintenance influence of increased delta activity. The phenomenon is similar to, or the same as, alpha‐delta sleep which has been associated with the presence of disruptive stimuli during sleep. This may have negative implications for the impact of presleep alcohol consumption on sleep and consequent daytime functioning.
A Novel, Intelligent, Pressure‐Sensing Colostomy Plug for Reducing Fecal Leakage
Authors: Chen Fei , Li Zhi‐chao , Li Qiang , Liang Fei‐Xue , Guo Xiong‐bo , Huang Zong‐hai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study aims to describe and report the effectiveness of a novel, pressure‐sensing colostomy plug for reducing fecal leakage. Nine miniature Tibetan pigs, aged 6–8 months, were given colostomies and divided into three groups (n = 3 each group). A novel pressure‐sensing colostomy plug was placed in each pig and set to indicate when intestinal pressures of either 5, 10, or 15 mm Hg, respectively, were reached. When the pressure thresholds were reached, the animals' bowels were examined for the presence of stool and/or stomal leakage, and the data were recorded at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after surgery. The colostomy plug calibrated to 15 mm Hg pressure demonstrated the greatest accuracy in predicting the presence of stool in the bowels of study animals, averaging >90% sensitivity. In general, the sensitivity for predicting the presence of stool did not vary significantly over time, though there was a slight increase in accuracy in the 5 mm Hg group at later time‐points. The sensitivity for predicting stool in the bowel did not change significantly over time in any of the three groups. Stomal leakage was found to be inversely proportional to the pressure‐sensor setting, in that the 15 mm Hg group exhibited the greatest amount of leakage. This difference, however, was found to be significant only at week 1 postsurgery. The intelligent, pressure‐sensing colostomy plug was able to accurately predict the presence of stool in the bowel and maintain continence, allowing negligible leakage.