bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of the number of natural teeth and posterior occluding pairs on the oral health‐related quality of life in elderly dental patients
Authors: Somsak Kwanrutai , Kaewplung Orapin 
Published: March 2014

ObjectivesTo compare between the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of Thai elderly dental patients at the Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University with at least 20 natural teeth (NT) and those with less than 20 NT, and between those with at least 4 posterior occluding pairs (POP) and those with less than 4 POP.BackgroundThai government recommended that elderly people should have at least 20 NT and 4 POP.Materials and methodsThe participants comprised 240 Thai elderly dental patients who were interviewed and had their OHRQoL determined using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index (OIDP). Higher OIDP score indicates poorer OHRQoL. We counted the functional NT and POP in each participant.ResultsParticipants with less than 20 NT or less than 4 POP had significantly higher OIDP scores than those with at least 20 NT or at least 4 POP. Moreover, when we evaluated one by one tooth loss, we found the first and the last significant differences between the OIDP scores in the participants with at least 23 teeth and with less than 23 teeth, and those in the participants with at least 5 teeth and with less than 5 teeth, in consequently.ConclusionThai elderly participants with at least 20 NT or at least 4 POP had greater OHRQoL than those with less than 20 NT or less than 4 POP, and in our study sample, we observed that 5 teeth may be an important clinical threshold for Thai elderly dental patients' quality of life.
The therapeutic environment and team approach at the Menninger Hospital
Authors: MENNINGER ROY W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGood treatment for difficult patients in contemporary psychiatric practice requires a collaborative approach by the mental health professionals responsible for that patients care and treatment. This form of practice, defined as team treatment, uses the special strengths of team members from each mental health discipline. Properly focused, a treatment team can ensure a thorough diagnostic review of individual patient's problems and the development of a comprehensive treatment plan. A well‐operating therapeutic team, effectively managed by a team leader who understands group process, disciplinary strengths and differences, and the psychodynamic process, can provide a protective, analytic context in which the troubled behavior of the patient can be examined carefully and treated appropriately. Even as the treatment context shifts to an ambulatory setting, an effective team can ensure competent, cost‐effective, goal‐focused treatment of high quality. This paper describes the history of team treatment at the Menninger Foundation, outlines the primary features of team treatment, discusses the issues involved in this form of collaboration, and defines the benefits to treatment that this approach can bring.
Psychotherapy, today and tomorrow: Status quo of behavior and cognitive therapy and its efficacy
Authors: YAMAGAMI T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of behavior therapy, its applications, and the characteristics that make this form of therapy unique and applicable to a wide range of problems. Behavior therapy started from learning theory. It has adopted other theoretical bases and produced numerous techniques as a result of efforts to apply its principles to clinical problems. Recently, cognitive techniques of behavior therapy have been growing. The characteristics of behavior therapy are: (i) problem oriented and practical; (ii) emphasis on real life and living skills; and (iii) concrete viewpoint and techniques. These characteristics enable wide application. Today, many studies show the superior efficacy of behavior therapy for various mental and physical problems. Some well‐documented techniques can be performed by non‐professionals. The techniques and the viewpoint of behavior therapy would be accepted widely in Pacific Rim countries in the future.
Psychiatric epidemiology in Japan: Towards psychological understanding of the etiology of minor psychiatric disorders
Authors: KITAMURA TOSHINORI 
Published: March 2014

AbstractEpidemiological studies of psychiatric disorders using structured interviews and operational diagnostic criteria in a community population are rare in Japan. In our community study with mainly middle‐aged people (Kofu Study), the lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Episode was 19%. The prevalence was about twice as high in women as in men. The prevalence of Major Depressive Episode showed a tendency to increase as the subjects became younger. No sex difference in the lifetime prevalence of Major Depressive Episode was observed among an adolescent population (Gotemba Study), due to the equally high prevalence of this disorder among male adolescents. The figures were 24% for men and 23% for women. In a follow‐up study of pregnant women (Kawasaki Study), risk factors of depression during pregnancy and after childbirth are different and, in some instances, reversed. Therefore, we speculate that the combination of psychological risk factors of the onset of depression may differ from one situation to another. Specificity of the combination of risk factors may be more important than single risk factors in the etiology of mild‐form depression.
Surveys on the pregraduate and postgraduate education on child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan
Authors: HAYASHI M. , YAMAZAKI K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of the study is to clarify the results of Survey‐1993 conducted by the commitee on the education system in Japanese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry regarding the present situation of education on child and adolescent psychiatry in Japan, and to compare these with the results of Survey‐1982 conducted by late Professor Makita (Tokai University). The questionnaire, originally designed by Makita, consists of two parts of pregraduate and postgraduate education, and is sent to chairpersons of the psychiatric departments of all the 80 medical schools in Japan. The response rate was 74% in Survey‐1993 and 78% in Survey‐1982. With regard to pregraduate and postgraduate education, the results between Survey‐1993 and Survey‐1982 did not show a remarkable change. This indicates that Japan has many unresolved problems in responding to increasing social needs to supply trained psychiatrists for children and adolescents.
Current status of and challenges for dementia in Japan
Authors: MD TOSHIO OTSUKA. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWith an increase in the elderly population in Japan, the number of elderly with dementia increases each year. There were about 1.26 million elderly people with dementia in 1995. Dementia is untreatable, requiring protracted care. Enhancing and improving the social services for the demented elderly are strongly recommended. The available social services for the elderly with dementia in Japan are measures for health and institutional care. In the former, there are consultations, guidance services and welfare services (home help services, day services, short stay services). The latter mainly consists of mental hospitals, hospitals for the elderly, health facilities for the elderly and special nursing homes for the elderly. As future challenges to improve measures for the demented elderly, the following measures must be offered to demented elderly: (i) urgent, quantitative improvements in social services; (ii) establishing a comprehensive service system in the community; (iii) clarifying the concept of role sharing and closer co‐operation among hospitals and institutions; (iv) training human resources in the fields of health medical care and welfare to give expertise and skill; (v) improvement of the system for dementia research; and (vi) securing and training volunteers for home care.
Clinical research on the therapeutic effect of the electro‐acupuncture treatment in patients with depression
Authors: LUO HECHUN , MENG FANQIANG , JIA YUNKUI , ZHAO XUEYING 
Published: March 2014

AbstractElectro‐acupuncture (EA) stimulation has been found to influence the brain (norepinephrine metabolism in experimental animals). Preliminary clinical research has shown that EA treatment is as effective as amitriptyline for patients with depression. In this study, two consecutive clinical studies on the treatment of depression with EA are conducted. The first study was double blind placebo controlled, in which 29 depressed inpatients were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: EA + placebo; amitriptyline; and EA + amitriptyline. They received EA and/or amitriptyline treatment for 6 weeks. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Clinical Global Impression and ASBERG scales for the side effect of antidepressants were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and side effects. Based on the results and research protocol of the first study, a multi‐centered collaborative study was conducted, in which 241 inpatients with depression were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups: the EA+ placebo and the amitriptyline groups. The results from both studies showed that the therapeutic efficacy of EA was equal to that of amitriptyline for depressive disorders (P > 0.05). Electro‐acupuncture had a better therapeutic effect for anxiety somatization and cognitive process disturbance of depressed patients than amitriptyline (P < 0.05). Moreover, the side effects of EA were much less than that of amitriptyline (P < 0.001). The article suggested that EA treatment was an effective therapeutic method for depressive disorders. Particularly, it was a treatment of choice for depressed patients who were unable to comply with the classic tricyclic antidepressants because of their anticholinergic side effects. The possible mechanism of EA treatment is discussed.
The activities of the Tokyo Center
Authors: MATSUSHIMA E. , KOJIMA T. , ODAYASHI S. , OHTA K. , ANDO K. , TORU M. , SHIMAZONO Y. , TAKEBAYASHI H. , TAKAHASHI S. , XIA M‐L. , OHKURA T. , YOSHINO M. , OKUBO Y. , MATSUURA M. , ANDO H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe main World Health Organization (WHO) activities of the Tokyo Center are as follows: (1) It performed the research project entitled ‘A Bio‐Psycho‐Social Study on Children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems’ in cooperation with the Beijing and Seoul Centers from 1985 to 1987. These results suggested that the deviant behavior of children in the general population had no biological background, but presumably stemmed from psychosocial disadvantages. (2) It has participated in a field trial for the proposed draft for chapter V of the ICD‐10 as the Field Trial Coordinating Center in Japan since 1986 and the first Japanese edition of the ICD‐10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines were published in 1993. (3) It proposed the collaborative project exploratory eye movements in patients with schizophrenia in 1989 and has promoted the project with the cooperation of six centers that included Beijing, Casablanca, Montreal, Munich, Prague and Sapporo. The findings of the present project indicated that exploratory eye movements may be specific to schizophrenia and can be practically used to discriminate schizophrenia without significantly depending on language.
Psychosocial rehabilitation models in the Asia — Pacific region
Authors: DEVA M.P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMental illnesses and mental health have, out of ignorance and fear, evoked a low priority in healthcare systems the world over. The concept that all mental illnesses were synonymous with madness has its origins in the beginnings of ignorance and fear. To a large extent, these have contributed to the marginalization of psychiatry and neglect of the mentally ill. The kings of old, seeing the ill‐treatment of the mentally ill, built asylums for them, but again, the prejudice soon was overwhelming and care of the mentally ill was often given to those who were not the best administrators and carers. The long and controversial tradition of mental asylum care for the mentally ill was also brought about by the lack of specific treatments for mental illnesses. With the advent of chlorpromazine in the 1950s and other psychotropics afterwards, the need for incarceration in asylums became largely redundant. However, what also became obvious soon after was the fact that the psychotropics only helped to control symptoms and not to cure diseases of the mind. Although considerable research has gone into attempts at correcting supposed defects in neurotransmission, the cure of mental illness seems some way off. The need for rehabilitating or re‐housing those with mental illnesses especially those needing long‐term care and those whose cure seems difficult has been recognized for a long time. It was Phillipe Pinel who almost 200 years ago unchained the mental patients at an asylum in Paris and proposed work therapy and humane care. Psychosocial rehabilitation of the mentally ill is not, therefore, a new concept. The need for methods of changing the behavior, thinking and functioning of those with severe mental illnesses using psychological, social, occupational, behavioral and medical methods is called psychosocial rehabilitation. This method, although developed in stages over the past two centuries, has undergone changes and deterioration and development in different parts of the world with different priorities and emphasis.
A preliminary study of the mental health of young migrant workers in Shenzhen
Authors: SHEN QIJIE , LU YA‐WEN , HU CHI‐YI , DENG XIAO‐MING , GAO HUAN , HUANG XIAN‐QING , NIU EN‐HONG 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study is to examine the mental health status of young migrant workers in Shenzhen. Using the Symptoms Check List‐90 (SCL‐90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Scale and Mental Health Questionnaire for Laborers, 371 migrant workers who came from inland areas of China and 100 local workers were investigated. The SCL‐90 profile of migrant workers was also compared to the SCL‐90 norms provided by general people in China. The SCL‐90 results showed that the total scores, the average scores of the positive symptoms, the three factor scores of obsessionality, interpersonal sensitivity and phobia in migrant workers were significantly higher than those in the local workers. According to the multivariate analysis, the amount of contribution to mental health, in descending order, was neuroticism, psychological pressure, income, home sickness, marital or love problems, extroversion and introversion, living conditions and social status. The mental health status of young migrant workers in Shenzhen was poorer than that of their local counterparts, as well as people in China on the SCL‐90. It is recommended that mental health workers should help migrant workers adjust to the new urban environment by providing psychological counseling and other relevant treatment facilities.
Identification, Model Updating, and Validation of a Steel Twin Deck Curved Cable‐Stayed Footbridge
Authors: Bursi* Oreste S. , Kumar Anil , Abbiati Giuseppe , Ceravolo Rosario 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo perform a realistic reliability analysis of a complex cable‐stayed steel footbridge subject to natural hazard and corrosion, this article addresses a rational process of modeling and simulation based on identification, model updating, and validation. In particular, the object of this study is the Ponte del Mare footbridge located in Pescara, Italy; this bridge was selected as being a complex twin deck curved footbridge because it is prone to corrosion by the aggressive marine environment. With the modeling and simulation objectives in mind, a preliminary finite element (FE) model was realized using the ANSYS software. However, uncertainties in FE modeling and changes during its construction suggested the use of experimental system identification. As a result, the sensor location was supported by a preliminary FE model of the footbridge, although to discriminate close modes of the footbridge and locate identification sensor layouts, Auto Modal Assurance Criterion (AutoMAC) values and stabilization diagram techniques were adopted. Modal characteristics of the footbridge were extracted from signals produced by ambient vibration via the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) algorithm, although similar quantities were identified with free‐decay signals produced by impulse excitation using the ERA algorithm. All these procedures were implemented in the Structural Dynamic Identification Toolbox (SDIT) code developed in a MATLAB environment. The discrepancies between analytical and experimental frequencies led to a first update of the FE model based on Powell's dog‐leg method that relied on a trust‐region approach. As a result, the identified FE model was capable of reproducing the response of the footbridge subject to realistic gravity and wind load conditions. Finally, the FE was further updated in the modal domain, by changing both the stationary aerodynamic coefficients and the flutter derivatives of deck sections to take into account the effects of the curved deck layout.
Josef Fuchs' Revised Natural Law: Possibilities for Social Ethics
Authors: O'Sullivan James P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the second half of the twentieth century Josef Fuchs put forward a major re-visioning of the natural law, but this re-visioning did not include a robust social ethic. In this paper the author first undertakes an explication of the development, context, and major features of Fuchs’ theory. Next, in order to locate it within other twentieth century developments in natural law theory, Fuchs’ theory is related to Jacques Maritain's re-visioning of natural law, with its clear social-ethical implications. Finally, the author draws out some of the potential implications and applications of Fuchs’ revised natural law for social ethics.
Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser–Assisted Drug Delivery of Topical Timolol Solution for the Treatment of Deep Infantile Hemangioma: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ma Gang , Wu Pinru , Lin Xiaoxi , Chen Hui , Hu Xiaojie , Jin Yunbo , Qiu Yajing 
Published: March 2014

AbstractInfantile hemangiomas (IHs) are benign vascular tumors of infancy. Topical timolol has recently been reported to be an effective treatment for superficial IHs, although it failed to have an effect on deep IHs. This prospective study was aimed at evaluating the feasibility of ablative fractional laser–assisted drug delivery for enhancing topical timolol permeation into deep IHs. Nine patients ages 1 to 6 months with deep IHs were enrolled. A fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser system was applied to the skin surface of deep IHs using the DeepFx mode (25–30 mJ/pulse, 5% density, single pulse) at 1‐week intervals. Topical timolol maleate 0.5% ophthalmic solution was applied under occlusion for 30 minutes four to five times per day for an average treatment duration of 14.2 weeks. Clinical improvement was evaluated according to a global score and the Hemangioma Activity Score (HAS). Four patients (44.4%) demonstrated excellent regression, four (44.4%) showed good response, and one (11.1%) experienced moderate regression. The HAS declined from 4.1 ± 0.7 at baseline to 1.7 ± 0.7 at 1 week (p < 0.001) and 1.4 ± 0.7 at 3 months (p = 0.03) after the last treatment procedure. Plasma timolol concentration was not detected in any of the patients after the first administration of topical timolol. No systemic complication or skin side effects were observed in any of the patients. Ablative fractional laser–assisted transdermal delivery of topical timolol is a safe and effective method for the treatment of deep IHs.
Hair Follicle Nevus of the Abdominal Skin: An Unusual Extracephalic Presentation
Authors: Jedrych Jaroslaw , Akilov Oleg , Gehris Robin , Ho Jonhan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHair follicle nevus (HFN) is a rare hamartoma typically diagnosed on the face of infants, where it may clinically mimic an accessory tragus. We report a 6‐month‐old boy who presented with a congenital fleshy, bilobed papule in the midline of his upper abdomen that upon excision was classified as an HFN based on detailed histopathologic examination. Our report documents a previously undescribed extracephalic location of the HFN and therefore expands the spectrum of clinical presentations of this rare hamartoma.
A Golden Formula in Neoclassical‐Growth Models with Brownian‐Motion Shocks
Authors: Dai Darong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the paper, a Golden Formula, which does not depend on the specification of production and preference functions, is established to reveal that time‐average of the growth rate of optimal capital accumulation will converge to a constant, which is endogenously determined by relevant parameters, almost surely. The Golden Formula naturally implies surprisingly interesting and also intrinsic economic relations between some important macroeconomic variables; for example, it serves as a direct bridge between the modified Golden Rule and the modified Ramsey Rule. Furthermore, it indeed subsumes and hence substantially extends the classical Golden Rule in deterministic theory.
Presence of nucleotide substitutions in transcriptional regulatory elements such as the erythroid cell‐specific enhancer‐like element and the ABO promoter in individuals with phenotypes A3 and B3, respectively
Authors: Takahashi Y. , Isa K. , Sano R. , Nakajima T. , Kubo R. , Takahashi K. , Kominato Y. , Michino J. , Masuno A. , Tsuneyama H. , Ito S. , Ogasawara K. , Uchikawa M. 
Published: March 2014

Background and objectivesAn erythroid cell‐specific regulatory element, referred to as the +5.8‐kb site, has been identified in the first intron of the human ABO blood group gene. Subsequent studies have revealed involvement of deletion or mutation at the site in phenotypes Am, Bm and ABm. We investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the A3 and B3 phenotypes.Materials and methodsGenomic DNAs were prepared from peripheral blood of seven A3 individuals and twelve B3 or AB3 individuals, and the nucleotide sequences were investigated using PCR and sequencing. Promoter assays were performed with K562 cells.ResultsTwo single point‐mutations at +5893 or +5909 in the site on the A‐allele were found in A3 individuals, while promoter assays revealed decreased activity at the site as a result of each substitution. In two B3 individuals, a single point‐mutation at −77 in the ABO promoter on the B‐allele was found, and the substitution was demonstrated to reduce the promoter activity.ConclusionNucleotide substitutions in the transcriptional regulatory elements such as the +5.8‐kb site and the ABO promoter appear to decrease transcription from the A‐ and B‐alleles, resulting in reduction in A‐ and B‐antigen expression in A3 and B3, respectively.