bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Antioxidants, Genetic Variation in SOD2, CAT, GPX1, GPX4, and Prostate Cancer Survival
Authors: Van Blarigan Erin L. , Ma Jing , Kenfield Stacey A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Sesso Howard D. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Witte John S. , Erdman John W. , Chan June M. , Penney Kathryn L. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: Antioxidants may reduce risk of aggressive prostate cancer, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in antioxidant genes may modify this association.
Methods: We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine circulating prediagnostic α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and lycopene; SNPs in SOD2 (n = 5), CAT (n = 6), GPX1 (n = 2), GPX4, (n = 3); and their interactions and risk of lethal prostate cancer among 2,439 men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study and Physicians' Health Study.
Results: We observed 223 events over a median follow-up of 10 years. Higher α-tocopherol levels were associated with lower risk of lethal prostate cancer [HR 3rd versus 1st quartile (Q): 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.30–0.89; HR 4th versus 1st Q: 0.68; 95% CI, 0.41–1.13; P trend: 0.02]. Men homozygous for the less common allele (G) at rs3746165 in GPX4 had a 35% lower risk of lethal prostate cancer compared with men homozygous for the more common allele (A; HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.43–0.99). Among men homozygous for the less common allele in rs3746165, high γ-tocopherol levels were associated with a 3.5-fold increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (95% CI, 1.27–9.72; P value, 0.02; interaction P value, 0.01).
Conclusions: Among men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer, higher circulating prediagnostic α-tocopherol may be associated with lower risk of developing lethal disease. Variants in GPX4 may be associated with risk of lethal prostate cancer, and may modify the relation between γ-tocopherol and prostate cancer survival.
Impact: Circulating tocopherol levels and variants in GPX4 may affect prostate cancer progression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1037–46. ©2014 AACR.
Existence, Functional Impairment, and Lung Repair Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Oxygen-Induced Arrested Alveolar Growth
Authors: Alphonse Rajesh S. , Vadivel Arul , Fung Moses , Shelley William Chris , Critser Paul John , Ionescu Lavinia , O’Reilly Megan , Ohls Robin K. , McConaghy Suzanne , Eaton Farah , Zhong Shumei , Yoder Merv , Thébaud Bernard 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema are life-threatening diseases resulting from impaired alveolar development or alveolar destruction. Both conditions lack effective therapies. Angiogenic growth factors promote alveolar growth and contribute to alveolar maintenance. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a subset of circulating and resident endothelial cells capable of self-renewal and de novo vessel formation. We hypothesized that resident ECFCs exist in the developing lung, that they are impaired during arrested alveolar growth in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and that exogenous ECFCs restore disrupted alveolar growth.

Methods and Results—
Human fetal and neonatal rat lungs contain ECFCs with robust proliferative potential, secondary colony formation on replating, and de novo blood vessel formation in vivo when transplanted into immunodeficient mice. In contrast, human fetal lung ECFCs exposed to hyperoxia in vitro and neonatal rat ECFCs isolated from hyperoxic alveolar growth–arrested rat lungs mimicking bronchopulmonary dysplasia proliferated less, showed decreased clonogenic capacity, and formed fewer capillary-like networks. Intrajugular administration of human cord blood–derived ECFCs after established arrested alveolar growth restored lung function, alveolar and lung vascular growth, and attenuated pulmonary hypertension. Lung ECFC colony- and capillary-like network-forming capabilities were also restored. Low ECFC engraftment and the protective effect of cell-free ECFC-derived conditioned media suggest a paracrine effect. Long-term (10 months) assessment of ECFC therapy showed no adverse effects with persistent improvement in lung structure, exercise capacity, and pulmonary hypertension.

Conclusions—
Impaired ECFC function may contribute to arrested alveolar growth. Cord blood–derived ECFC therapy may offer new therapeutic options for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage.
Vom Volk zur Stadt? Ethnos und Polis im hellenistischen Orient
Authors: Eckhardt Benedikt 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
It is often stated in handbooks that in 175 b.c.e., Judaea (or Jerusalem) was transformed from an ethnos to a polis. This statement is based on received opinions about Hellenistic (and especially Seleucid) administrative categories that can no longer be maintained. A re-examination of the relevant literary and epigraphic evidence shows that ethnos was not used as an antonym to polis in Hellenistic sources. The article then tries to explain the emergence of a scholarly paradigm that took ethnos to be precisely that: the designation for oriental, non-urbanized communities that were inferior in important regards to the Greek polis. The main influence is argued to have been Aristotle’s peculiar use of the two terms. The scholarly concept of an ethnos/polis-divide can be traced back to nineteenth-century scholarship and its “orientalist” conceptions. This is important for appreciating recent discussions of the nature of Jewish identity in antiquity (“people” or “religion”), and for an increased awareness in Jewish studies of the discourses that have shaped common knowledge about the Hellenistic Orient in general and Judaism in particular.
Aseneth’s Eight-Day Transformation as Scriptural Justification for Conversion
Authors: Thiessen Matthew 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The author of Joseph and Aseneth writes a lengthy narrative about Aseneth’s conversion, thereby providing a justification for Joseph’s marriage to an Egyptian woman. The author explicitly connects her seven-day period of withdrawal to creation, thus portraying her conversion as a divinely wrought new creation. In addition, her eight-day conversion process imitates two similar processes from Jewish scripture. First, Aseneth’s transformation parallels the circumcision of the newborn male eight days after his birth. Second, on the eighth day Aseneth partakes of an angelic existence, conversing with an angel, eating the food of angels, and being dressed in angelic garb. This elevation in her status parallels the consecration of the priestly class in Lev 8, which goes through a period of seven days before it can serve as priests on the eighth day. This process thus stresses the distance between non-Jew and Jew, while at the same time providing a scriptural rationale for how Aseneth overcame it.
Let Them Eat Fish: Food for the Poor in Early Rabbinic Judaism
Authors: Gardner Gregg E. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Recent scholarship has shown how investigations into food and poverty contribute to our understanding of late-antique Judaism and Christianity. These areas of inquiry overlap in the study of charity, as providing food was the preeminent way to support the poor. What foods and foodways do the earliest texts of rabbinic Judaism prescribe for the poor? This article examines Tannaitic discussions of the foods that should be given as charity, reading these texts within their literary and historical contexts. I find that they prescribe a two-tiered system whereby foods for the week aim to meet the poor’s biological needs, while those for the Sabbath fulfill religious requirements. These rabbinic instructions, however, also reinforce social separation and deepen the poor’s sense of exclusion. This article contributes to scholarship on poverty and charity in late antiquity, the use of food in the construction of rabbinic identity, and the tensions that arise from establishing material requirements for religious observances.
Did Aristobulus Use the LXX for His Citations?
Authors: Adams Sean A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the similarities and differences between Aristobulus’s fragments and the LXX to determine how close Aristobulus’s citations adhere to our LXX text. Having identified specific differences between the texts we will turn our attention to the question of whether or not the text as presented by Aristobulus provides evidence of the use of the LXX, of an alternate Greek version, or of a personal translation. Ultimately, after discussing Aristobulus’s citation technique and the nature of the cited text we will challenge some of the blanket claims of LXX use by scholars and call for greater nuance when discussing this issue.
Care or Prayer? Justin Martyr’s Dialogue with Trypho 1.4 Revisited
Authors: Burns Dylan M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Justin Martyr reports (and rejects) the curious argument that the practice of prayer is mutually exclusive with God’s providential care for individual beings. Pépin has demonstrated that the same argument, probably of Middle-Platonic provenance, is extant in Maximus of Tyre. A closer look shows its ambiguous stance towards Stoicism, with which it might have some affinity (in Maximus’ use) but could also target (in the use known to Justin); the problem is that we possess little data on Stoic prayer. The approach of early Christian philosophers to prayer, however, shows deep indebtedness to Stoic ideas about providence and freedom in an attempt to theorize and defend traditional Christian practice. Thus even this brief survey of early Christian material not only reveals the Stoic hue of emerging Christian philosophy, but also that the Stoa probably had similar ideas as did Christian thinkers about the consonance of providence and prayer.
A Revision of the Origin and Role of the Supporting Angels in the Gospel of Peter (10:39b)
Authors: Edo Pablo M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
One of the striking features of the Gospel of Peter is the presence in the Resurrection account of two heavenly beings who emerge from Jesus’ tomb, supporting between them a third character. Previous attempts to explain the origin of this scene have been quite varied: inspiration in biblical sources, the author’s own creativity, a pre-canonical synoptic-type source, etc. After a literary analysis of the passage, the paper reviews the closest potential canonical and extracanonical parallels for this scene, especially in Intertestamental Literature. Analysis of these examples helps to clarify the origin and specific role of the supporting characters.
Approaching Religious Space: An Overview of Theories, Methods, and Challenges in Religious Studies
Authors: Kilde Jeanne Halgren 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The study of religious space, both physical and imagined, has advanced significantly in the past two decades, drawing upon theoretical perspectives and analytical methods from several fields, from anthropology and historical studies, to geography and architecture, to social and literary critical theory. Marking a path through this varied landscape of approaches, this essay presents a four-part taxonomy into which most can be classified. The categories discussed are (1) Structuralist-hermeneutical approaches, (2) Socio-historical approaches, (3) Critical-spatial theory and approaches, and (4) Critical-spatial approaches from within the study of religions. This taxonomy is intended to aid scholars in clarifying their approaches to religious spaces, both physical and imagined, and thus advance the study of this constitutive component of religion.
Introduction: Paul, Founder of Churches. Cult Foundations and the Comparative Study of Cult Origins
Authors: van den Heever Gerhard 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this introduction to the discussion on James C. Hanges,Paul, Founder of Churches, the significance of the comparative work on the cult founder-figure and typology of cult foundations is discussed. The essay argues that this serves to ground any interpretation of the cult founding work of the apostle Paul in an understanding of the materiality of religion. This gives impetus to a more concrete conceptualisation of Christian origins. Further reflection on this comparative enterprise is offered by means of three discussion foci, namely Discourse, imperial context, spatiality; Diaspora religion; and New Religious Movements. It is argued that the pervasiveness of imperial discourse and its spatial encoding allows us to see Paul’s cult foundations as sites of imperial resistance. Diasporas and diasporic religions provide key illuminations for understanding the broader context of the foundations of cult groups by Paul. Study of new religious movements will also aid in concrete descriptions and analysis of the making of early Christian groups and their organisation.
James C. Hanges, Paul, Founder of Churches: A Study in Light of the Evidence for the Role of “Founder-Figures” in the Hellenistic-Roman Period. A Review Essay
Authors: Wendt Heidi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
James C. Hanges’ new book raises a number of important questions about what it means to situate Paul’s religious activities within his own historical context, and also models one possible methodology for doing so. In this review, I interrogate some of the assumptions underpinning Hanges’ approach, namely, ones having to do with the cultural particularity of certain discourses and religious practices, as well as the utility of the concept “identity” as it pertains to the study of religion. I also attempt to draw the author’s conclusions into wider and ongoing efforts to theorize ancient Mediterranean religion by proposing that many of the actors whom he introduces as comparanda for Paul fall within a discrete class of religious activity, populated by varieties of freelance experts.
John Chrysostom on Paul as Founder of Churches
Authors: de Wet Chris L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to examine John Chrysostom’s view of Paul as founder of churches. The article is written in dialogue with the research done by James Hanges on Paul as a founder-figure. The study argues that by the fourth century, especially in the works of Chrysostom, we a have a vision of Paul as founder ofthechurch that has become interwoven with the very substance of the (orthodox) church’s subjectivity – a very different dynamic that was present in the first two centuries at least. Being a Christian, being part of the church, for Chrysostom, also means embodying something of the subjectivity of Paul. Paul was more than a hermeneutical bridge between the Old and the New Testament. Paul and Paulinomorphism became the very language of ecclesiastical power, a rhetoric with an impetus on correction, discipline and social protection. The fourth-century Chrysostomic reconstruction of Paul, the founder of churches andthechurch, operated as a central discursive formation in the reproduction of Christian identity. The appellations of Paul as builder, physician and father formed part of an interconnected web of power-language with the capacity to ramify group boundaries and also to pathologize heretical groups. The power-language of Paul also sustained orthodox Christian identity in its curative and corrective measures.
Reflections and Projections on a Continuing Discussion: Redescribing Paul in His Social World
Authors: Hanges James Constantine 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The recent monograph, Paul, Founder of Churches (2012), raises a range of theoretical and methodological questions about the deployment of comparison in the description and analysis of ancient Christian phenomena. This essay responds to a range of critical responses to this volume raised by participants in a 2011 panel during a Society of Biblical Literature Greco-Roman Religions session devoted to discussion of the book.
The Dispersion of Silver Iodide Particles from Ground-Based Generators over Complex Terrain. Part I: Observations with Acoustic Ice Nucleus Counters
Authors: Boe Bruce A. , Heimbach James A. , Krauss Terrence W. , Xue Lulin , Chu Xia , McPartland John T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPart I of this paper presents the results from a series of plume-tracing flights over the Medicine Bow and Sierra Madre Ranges in south-central Wyoming. These flights, conducted during February and early March of 2011, were part of the Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project. Effective targeting of ground-based silver iodide plumes to supercooled clouds has long been a problem for winter orographic cloud-seeding projects. Surface-based ice nucleus (IN) measurements made at a fixed location near the Medicine Bow Range target area had confirmed the effective transport of IN plumes in many cases, but not all. Airborne plume tracing, undertaken to further illuminate the processes involved, provided additional insight into the plume behavior while providing physical measurements that were later compared with large-eddy-simulation modeling (Part II). It was found that the plumes were most often encountered along the flight paths set out in the experimental designs and, in the absence of convection, appear to be mostly confined to the lowest 600 m above the highest terrain. All passes above 600 m above ground level revealed IN concentrations greater than background levels, however. An estimate of IN flux measured over the Medicine Bow Range was approximately 85% of that produced by the five ground-based IN generators active at the time.
Ensemble-Based Error and Predictability Metrics Associated with Tropical Cyclogenesis. Part I: Basinwide Perspective
Authors: Komaromi William A. , Majumdar Sharanya J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Several metrics are employed to evaluate predictive skill and attempt to quantify predictability using the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System during the 2010 Atlantic hurricane season, with an emphasis on large-scale variables relevant to tropical cyclogenesis. These metrics include the following: 1) growth and saturation of error, 2) errors versus climatology, 3) predicted forecast error standard deviation, and 4) predictive power. Overall, variables that are more directly related to large-scale, slowly varying phenomena are found to be much more predictable than variables that are inherently related to small-scale convective processes, regardless of the metric. For example, 850–200-hPa wind shear and 200-hPa velocity potential are found to be predictable beyond one week, while 200-hPa divergence and 850-hPa relative vorticity are only predictable to about one day. Similarly, area-averaged quantities such as circulation are much more predictable than nonaveraged quantities such as vorticity. Significant day-to-day and month-to-month variability of predictability for a given metric also exists, likely due to the flow regime. For wind shear, more amplified flow regimes are associated with lower predictive power (and thereby lower predictability) than less amplified regimes. Relative humidity is found to be less predictable in the early and late season when there exists greater uncertainty of the timing and location of dry air. Last, the ensemble demonstrates the potential to predict error standard deviation of variables averaged in 10° × 10° boxes, in that forecasts with greater ensemble standard deviation are on average associated with greater mean error. However, the ensemble tends to be underdispersive.
Analytical performance and clinical decision limit of a new release for cardiac troponin I assay
Authors: Moretti M , Pieretti B , Sisti D , Rocchi MB , Gasperoni S 
Published: April 2014

Background Cardiac troponins (cTns) are the ‘gold standard’ biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome. Analytical performance is critical at low concentrations of cTn, and many of the current assays do not meet the guideline requirement of a 10% coefficient of variation (CV) at the 99th percentile concentrations. The aim of the study was to establish if the newly released Access® AccuTnI®+3 (AccuTnI+3) cardiac troponin I assay (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea, CA, USA) reached this objective. Methods All AccuTnI+3 assays were performed on UniCel® DxI800 analyzer (Beckman Coulter Inc). Limit of Blank (LoB), Limit of Detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantitation (LoQ) were determined according to Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute EP17-A and EP5-A2 protocols. The 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL) was determined by analysing serum samples from 330 apparently healthy blood donors (260 men, 70 women, age range 18–70 years, median age 36 years). Results LoB and LoD values were 2.6 and 12 ng/L, respectively. The 10% CV was at 18 ng/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 8–25). The 99th percentile URL was 22 ng/L (95% CI 11–34). Conclusions The newly released assay has improved low-end analytical performance and reaches the goal of having a total imprecision ≤10% at 99th percentile of a healthy reference population (guideline acceptable). With this assay, it is now possible to utilize the 99th percentile as decision level for myocardial injury detection.
Comparing neurocognition in severe chronic schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Chan Hui-Minn , Stolwyk Rene , Kelso Wendy , Neath Joanna , Walterfang Mark , Mocellin Ramon , Pavlis Alexia , Velakoulis Dennis 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Previous research has suggested cognitive similarities between schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia. In the current study, we compared neurocognition in a group of hospitalised patients with chronic schizophrenia, who may have a more severe form of schizophrenia resembling Emil Kraepelin’s dementia praecox, with patients with frontotemporal dementia. We hypothesised minimal group differences in cognitive performance, and a large overlap in between-group score distributions in each cognitive domain. Methods: Retrospective neuropsychological data for 26 patients with severe chronic schizophrenia and 34 patients with frontotemporal dementia (behavioural variant) was collated. Neuropsychological measures were categorised into 16 cognitive domains. Raw scores were converted into standardised z-scores for each measure, which were then averaged across measures within each domain. In addition to difference analysis, equivalence testing was utilised, whereby overlap percentages were computed to reflect the amount of score distribution overlap in each domain between groups. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed only in the executive function sub-domain of Switching. Small-to-moderate and moderate effect sizes were noted in four other domains. Equivalence testing showed more than 85% of overlap in score distribution in most domains. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some patients with severe chronic schizophrenia have cognitive deficits similar in degree and pattern to patients with frontotemporal dementia. The few differences observed between both groups of patients are important for differential diagnostic purposes. One limitation is the retrospective nature of the study. Suggestions for future research include longitudinal follow-up studies of these two patient populations and studies of aspects beyond neurocognition. An implication of our findings is that the ‘dementia of schizophrenia’ concept may be applicable to patients with severe chronic schizophrenia.