bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypopigmented interface T‐cell dyscrasia: A form of cutaneous T‐cell dyscrasia distinct from hypopigmented mycosis fungoides
Authors: Magro Cynthia M. , Hagen Joshua W. , Crowson Arthur N. , Liu Yen Chen , Mihm Martin , Drucker Natalie M. , Yassin Aminah H. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractHypopigmentation in cutaneous T‐cell lymphoproliferative disease should not always be equated with hypopigmented mycosis fungoides (MF). A form of hypopigmented pre‐lymphomatous T‐cell dyscrasia falling under the designation of the so‐called hypopigmented interface variant of T‐cell dyscrasia has recently been proposed. The aim of the present study was to establish hypopigmented interface T‐cell dyscrasia as its own entity apart from other T‐cell dyscrasias and MF using a patient case series. Twenty four cases of hypopigmented interface T‐cell dyscrasia were identified in the dermatopathology database of Weill Medical College of Cornell University. There were 17 females and seven males (mean age, 36 years). In children and adolescents, the patients were most commonly of African American extraction. Truncal photo‐protected areas manifesting as large solitary patches or multiple smaller macules were characteristic; disease progression to MF occurred in only one patient. The lesions responded to topical steroids and light therapy. The pathology was defined by a cell poor interface associated with degeneration of keratinocytes and melanocytes, and by lymphocytes whose nuclei showed low‐grade cerebriform atypia, and which expressed a significant reduction in CD7 and CD62L expression. In 50% of the cases, the implicated cell type was of the CD8 subset. Clonality was not identified. Hypopigmented interface T‐cell dyscrasia is a distinct entity separate from and rarely progressive to MF.
Autoimmunity in atopic dermatitis: Biomarker or simply epiphenomenon?
Authors: Cipriani Francesca , Ricci Giampaolo , Leoni Maria Chiara , Capra Lucetta , Baviera Giuseppe , Longo Giorgio , Maiello Nunzia , Galli Elena 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe idea that a mechanism of autoimmunity could play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis gained support from the observation that patients with atopic dermatitis display IgE reactivity to a variety of human protein antigens, several of which have been characterized at molecular level. A broad spectrum of at least 140 IgE‐binding self‐antigens associated with atopic dermatitis has been demonstrated; they might promote, perpetuate, or both, skin inflammation by binding IgE antibodies or activating specific T cells. Even if the presence of autoreactivity seems to be associated with the severity of the disease and may be used as a parameter reflecting chronic tissue damage, at the state of art the role of autoimmunity in atopic dermatitis is far from clear. Data from the literature show that the use of autoantibodies as biomarkers of atopic dermatitis are still limited by the evidence that the epiphenomenon of autoreactivity is detectable only in a percentage of patients and that the involved self‐allergens often are not the same; further longitudinal case‐control studies are needed to investigate and to clarify the pathogenethic role of autoimmunity in the course of atopic dermatitis.
Treatment of acne vulgaris with fractional radiofrequency microneedling
Authors: Kim Sang Tae , Lee Kang Hoon , Sim Hyung Jun , Suh Kee Suck , Jang Min Soo 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFractional radiofrequency microneedling is a novel radiofrequency technique that uses insulated microneedles to deliver energy to the deep dermis at the point of penetration without destruction of the epidermis. It has been used for the treatment of various dermatological conditions including wrinkles, atrophic scars and hypertrophic scars. There have been few studies evaluating the efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedling in the treatment of acne, and none measuring objective parameters like the number of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory acne lesions or sebum excretion levels. The safety and efficacy of fractional radiofrequency microneedling in the treatment of acne vulgaris was investigated. In a prospective clinical trial, 25 patients with moderate to severe acne were treated with fractional radiofrequency microneedling. The procedure was carried out three times at 1‐month intervals. Acne lesion count, subjective satisfaction score, sebum excretion level and adverse effects were assessed at baseline and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the first treatment as well as 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the last treatment. Number of acne lesions (inflammatory and non‐inflammatory) decreased. Sebum excretion and subjective satisfaction were more favorable at every time point compared with the baseline values (P < 0.05). Inflammatory lesions responded better than non‐inflammatory lesions (P < 0.05). Adverse effects such as pinpoint bleeding, pain and erythema were noted, but were transient and not severe enough to stop treatment. Fractional radiofrequency microneedling is a safe and effective treatment for acne vulgaris.
Trigeminal trophic syndrome: Report of a case and review of the published work
Authors: Sawada Takahiro , Asai Jun , Nomiyama Tomoko , Masuda Koji , Takenaka Hideya , Katoh Norito 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTrigeminal trophic syndrome is a rare complication of trigeminal nerve injury that causes facial ulceration, anesthesia and paresthesia in the same trigeminal dermatomes. We present a case of a 65‐year‐old woman with a history of meningioma resection 18 years prior who presented 16 years later with an intractable ulceration around her left nasolabial sulcus. Pain and light‐touch sensations around the ulcer were decreased. She admitted to frequent manipulation due to a crawling sensation. A skin biopsy showed acanthotic changes and a decreased number of peripheral nerve fibers. Trigeminal trophic syndrome was diagnosed. Carbamazepine was not effective, and the ulcer persisted at 7 months after the initial presentation. We reviewed 36 English‐language publications from 2003 to 2012, and analyzed 61 cases of trigeminal trophic syndrome, including this patient. The mean age was 53.3 ± 19.7 years (range, 6–91). The right side of the face was more commonly affected (57%) than the left side. The ala nasi were involved in 48 cases (79%), followed by the cheek in 17 cases (28%). A corneal lesion was observed in 11 cases (18%), suggesting the importance of ophthalmologic consultations. The two major etiologies were trigeminal nerve ablation (18 cases; 30%) and cerebrovascular accidents (18 cases; 30%). The latent period ranged from days to 30 years. Gabapentin and carbamazepine were frequently administrated with variable efficacy. Application of thermoplastic dressings or negative pressure wound therapy demonstrated favorable outcomes. Surgery was an option with a high recurrence rate. Trigeminal trophic syndrome remains a clinical challenge.
Variation in abundance of nectarivorous birds: does a competitive despot interfere with flower tracking?
Authors: Bennett Joanne M. , Clarke Rohan H. , Thomson James R. , Mac Nally Ralph 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Adaptive resource tracking in space and time may be disrupted by the modification of resources and competitors. Major global change drivers (e.g. land‐use change) have induced declines in many native species, while facilitating only a few. Given that many resources are predicted to become increasingly scarce under the joint effects of climate and land‐use change, disturbance‐tolerant species that are able to defend high‐value resources may further limit the persistence of disturbance‐sensitive species.

We sought to determine which nectarivorous birds track variation in flowering and if relationships between nectarivores and flowering are affected by on‐transect vegetation structure or the occurrence of a native, hyper‐aggressive species, the noisy miner Manorina melanocephala, which has become more prevalent.

We measured eucalypt flowering and abundances of nectarivorous birds over the course of a year; we measured vegetation structure on the same forest transects.

Nectarivores tracked spatial and some temporal variation in flowering, but this relationship was disrupted by noisy miners. Where present in sufficient numbers, the noisy miner excluded small‐bodied nectarivores (<63 g) from fragments, limiting the ability of this numerically dominant component of the avifauna to gain access to flowering resources.

Altered patterns of interspecific competition due to vegetation fragmentation and climate‐induced degradation may have led to changes in the distribution of small nectarivore species that is a departure from the ‘ideal free distribution’ model. Interactions between noisy miners and small‐bodied nectarivores appear to be best described by the ‘ideal despotic distribution’ model in which noisy miners exclude smaller competitors and monopolize local resources. Increases in the severity and frequency of extreme climatic events (e.g. long droughts) predicted under climate change may create a boom‐bust pattern of availabilities of resources. The apparent insensitivity of noisy miners to such variation in flowering resource availability and the miners' influence on the ability of small nectarivores to access resources may lead to disproportionate declines in smaller‐bodied nectarivorous species. Reduced tracking of flowering by nectarivores has the potential to disrupt ecosystem services (e.g. pollination, seed dispersal) and may have long‐term consequences for the persistence of fragmented vegetation, adding further pressure on forest‐dependent biota.
Prevalence and beta diversity in avian malaria communities: host species is a better predictor than geography
Authors: Scordato Elizabeth S. C. , Kardish Melissa R. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryPatterns of diversity and turnover in macroorganism communities can often be predicted from differences in habitat, phylogenetic relationships among species and the geographical scale of comparisons. In this study, we asked whether these factors also predict diversity and turnover in parasite communities.We studied communities of avian malaria in two sympatric, ecologically similar, congeneric host species at three different sites. We asked whether parasite prevalence and community structure varied with host population, host phylogeography or geographical distance.We usedPCRto screen birds for infections and then used Bayesian methods to determine phylogenetic relationships among malaria strains. Metrics of both community and phylogenetic beta diversity were used to examine patterns of malaria strain turnover between host populations, and partial Mantel tests were used determine the correlation between malaria beta diversity and geographical distance. Finally, we developed microsatellite markers to describe the genetic structure of host populations and assess the relationship between host phylogeography and parasite beta diversity.We found that different genera of malaria parasites infect the two hosts at different rates. Within hosts, parasite communities in one population were phylogenetically clustered, but there was otherwise no correlation between metrics of parasite beta diversity and geographical or genetic distance between host populations. Patterns of parasite turnover among host populations are consistent with malaria transmission occurring in the winter rather than on the breeding grounds.Our results indicate greater turnover in parasite communities between different hosts than between different study sites. Differences in host species, as well as transmission location and vector ecology, seem to be more important in structuring malaria communities than the distance–decay relationships frequently found in macroorganisms. Determining the factors affecting parasite community diversity and turnover has wide‐ranging implications for understanding the selective pressures shaping host ecology and ecosystem structure. This study shows that metrics of community and phylogenetic beta diversity can be useful tools for disentangling the ecological and evolutionary processes that underlie geographical variation in parasite communities.
Does variation in the intensity and duration of predation drive evolutionary changes in senescence?
Authors: Walsh Matthew R. , Whittington Deirdre , Walsh Melissa J. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

The evolutionary theory of senescence predicts that increased rates of extrinsic mortality select for faster declines in fertility and survival with age. One predicted mechanism is that increased mortality favours alleles that enhance fitness early in life at the expense of survival or reproduction later in life (antagonistic pleiotropy).

We tested these predictions in natural populations of Daphnia ambigua from lakes that vary in the severity and duration of fish predation. Daphnia are found in lakes with (i) anadromous alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) that migrate between marine and freshwater, (ii) permanent landlocked alewife and (iii) no alewife. Daphnia are rare year‐round in ‘landlocked lakes’ and are seasonally eliminated from the water column in ‘anadromous lakes’ due to the very strong predatory impact of anadromous alewife on populations of zooplankton. Previous work has also shown that intense seasonal bouts of predation by anadromous alewife has selected for increased allocation towards growth and reproduction in Daphnia found in lakes with anadromous alewife. Such variation in the risk of mortality and the expression of life‐history traits early in life provides the raw materials to test the evolutionary theory of ageing.

We reared replicate populations of Daphnia from all three lake types and quantified lifetime rates of offspring production and intrinsic survival. We found no differences in age‐related declines in fertility or survival. Daphnia from anadromous lakes produced significantly more offspring throughout their lifetime despite no differences in life span or in the number of reproductive bouts compared with Daphnia from lakes with landlocked and no alewife.

The lack of divergence in ageing contradicts the prediction that elevated mortality rates drive evolutionary shifts in ageing. We reconcile these results by considering the predictions of theoretical frameworks that incorporate feedbacks associated with increased mortality such as density‐ and condition‐dependent processes. Our results, which are better explained by a consideration of these processes, thus call for a greater consideration of models that more explicitly consider the ecology of focal organisms.
Detection of Soybean Proteins in Fermented Soybean Products by Using Heating Extraction
Authors: Morishita Naoki , Matsumoto Takashi , Morimatsu Fumiki , Toyoda Masatake 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSoybean is used in processed foods worldwide. Because soybean can cause adverse reactions in some atopic patients, appropriate labeling regarding its content in processed foods is needed to better protect consumers. In the previous study, we developed a reliable sandwich Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method with high sensitivity and specificity for detecting soybean proteins by using antibody to Gly m Bd 30K, which was originally characterized as a vacuolar protein with a molecular mass of 34 kDa in soybean. The ELISA displayed satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility in an interlaboratory evaluation. However, it could not detect soybean protein in fermented soybean products. We therefore developed an extraction method combined with a heating process to inhibit soybean protein degradation by microbial proteolytic enzymes in fermented soybean products. This extraction method enables the sensitive detection of soybean protein in fermented soybean products such as natto and miso. It was able to detect with high‐sensitivity soybean protein present at 10 μg/g levels in model processed foods. This method is suitable for quantifying soybean protein in processed foods without the degrading effects of microbial proteolytic enzymes. The present extraction method can be used sensitively to monitor labeling systems in a reliable manner and should be useful for the mandatory inspections required under Japanese regulations.Practical ApplicationThe extraction and ELISA methods that we developed enable sensitive detection of soybean protein in soybean products, including fermented foods. These methods should be useful for reliable and sensitive monitoring of product labeling systems and should help to solve the problem of insensitive in soybean labeling of processed foods.
The comparative effect of process and outcome accountability in enhancing professional scepticism
Authors: Kim Sarah , Trotman Ken T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractResponding to concerns about insufficient professional scepticism in audits (e.g. PCAOB, , ; ASIC, ), we investigate the effect of process and outcome accountability in enhancing the level of professional scepticism and the differences in effects across audit experience levels. In our experiment, we manipulate the type of accountability (outcome versus process) for both novice auditors and audit seniors. We examine the effect on four measures of professional scepticism and find that auditors show greater levels of professional scepticism when they are expected to justify their judgment process, rather than their final judgments. Our results also show that the professional scepticism of novice auditors improves to a greater extent than that of more experienced auditors (audit seniors) under process accountability.
Methods for inducing alcohol craving in individuals with co‐morbid alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder: behavioral and physiological outcomes
Authors: Kwako Laura E. , Schwandt Melanie L. , Sells Joanna R. , Ramchandani Vijay A. , Hommer Daniel W. , George David T. , Sinha Rajita , Heilig Markus 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAlcohol addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that presents a substantial public health problem, and is frequently co‐morbid with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Craving for alcohol is a predictor of relapse to alcohol use, and is triggered by cues associated with alcohol and trauma. Identification of reliable and valid laboratory methods for craving induction is an important objective for alcoholism and PTSD research. The present study compares two methods for induction of craving via stress and alcohol cues in individuals with co‐morbid alcohol dependence (AD) and PTSD: the combined Trier social stress test and cue reactivity paradigm (Trier/CR), and a guided imagery (Scripts) paradigm. Outcomes include self‐reported measures of craving, stress and anxiety as well as endocrine measures. Subjects were 52 individuals diagnosed with co‐morbid AD and PTSD seeking treatment at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism inpatient research facility. They participated in a 4‐week inpatient study of the efficacy of a neurokinin 1 antagonist to treat co‐morbid AD and PTSD, and which included the two challenge procedures. Both the Trier/CR and Scripts induced craving for alcohol, as well as elevated levels of subjective distress and anxiety. The Trier/CR yielded significant increases in adrenocorticotropic hormone and cortisol, while the Scripts did not. Both paradigms are effective laboratory means of inducing craving for alcohol. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms behind craving induced by stress versus alcohol cues, as well as to understand the impact of co‐morbid PTSD and AD on craving.
Effect of temperature on life table parameters of Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Zhu Fang‐li , Ren Shun‐xiang , Qiu Bao‐li , Wu Jian‐hui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLeptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) first described in 2004, is a new eucalyptus pest of global importance. A thorough understanding of pest biology is essential for development of a reliable pest population prediction system and management strategies, but little is known about this pest. Therefore, we quantified the development, fecundity, fertility, longevity, morphometrics (length, width, and hind tibia length of adults), and other life table parameters of L. invasa in relation to temperature and to provide an experimental basis for developing an overall wasp population model. The results showed that ranging from 20 to 32°C (five constant temperatures were 20, 23, 26, 29 and 32°C, respectively), the developmental period of immatures (egg to adult) was shortest at 29°C but longest at 20°C; the number of eggs per female in the oviduct and survival rate of immatures were greatest at 29°C but smallest at 32°C. The effect of temperature on morphometrics was more pronounced for females than males. When L. invasa was fed with a 40% honey solution, maximum longevity was at 23°C (9.0 days for females and 12.8 days for males). The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was largest (0.0477) at 29°C, and the sex ratio of L. invasa was extremely female‐biased. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) indicates that L. invasa population growth is likely to be greatest at 29°C. The developmental zero temperature (t) and the effective cumulative temperature (k) of egg, larva and pupa were 13.0, 19.7 and 17.1°C, and 128.1, 284.2 and 201.2°C, respectively. For L. invasa, 19.1°C (t) and 563.5°C (k) were indispensable for completing development from egg to adult. Therefore, farmers or managers of forests could predict the population dynamics of the wasp and adopt physical or chemical methods to control it according to the temperature.
Characterization of Uterine NK Cells in Women with Infertility or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Associated Endometriosis
Authors: Giuliani Emma , Parkin Kirstin L. , Lessey Bruce A. , Young Steven L. , Fazleabas Asgerally T. 
Published: May 2014

ProblemUterine natural killer cells (uNK) have been thought to play a key role in endometriosis and infertility. We investigated the expression of CD56, CD16, and NKp46 in endometrial tissues from 61 women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (uRPL) or infertility (UI) and correlated this with the presence or absence of endometriosis. The results from the patients with subfertility were compared with those from 10 fertile patients.Method of studyMid‐secretory phase endometrial biopsies were obtained, and the endometrial expression of CD56, CD16, or NKp46 was identified by immunohistochemistry and quantified (ImageJ Software).ResultsThe percentage of CD16+ cells was higher in women with uRPL (7.9 ± 3.2) and UI (9.0 ± 5.5), even when these conditions were associated with endometriosis (8.9 ± 5.3), compared with fertile patients (5.6 ± 2.4, P < 0.05). Likewise, the ratio of NKp46+:CD56+ cells was higher in women with uRPL (0.28 ± 0.25) and UI (0.21 ± 0.2), even when these conditions were associated with endometriosis (0.19 ± 0.14), compared with fertile patients (0.1 ± 0.1, P < 0.05). No differences were observed when comparing CD56.ConclusionsWomen, with or without endometriosis, who have larger populations of cytotoxic CD16+ uNK cells and/or higher populations of NKp46+CD56+ cells may be at greater risk of infertility disorders resulting from an inflammatory environment occurring during implantation or later during decidualization.