bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splicing Machinery Facilitates Post-Transcriptional Regulation by FBFs and Other RNA-Binding Proteins inCaenorhabditis elegansGermline
Authors: Novak Preston , Wang Xiaobo , Ellenbecker Mary , Feilzer Sara , Voronina Ekaterina 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGenetic interaction screens are an important approach for understanding complex regulatory networks governing development. We used a genetic interaction screen to identify cofactors of FBF-1 and FBF-2, RNA-binding proteins that regulate germline stem cell proliferation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We found that components of splicing machinery contribute to FBF activity as splicing factor knockdowns enhance sterility of fbf-1 and fbf-2 single mutants. This sterility phenocopied multiple aspects of loss of fbf function, suggesting that splicing factors contribute to stem cell maintenance. However, previous reports indicate that splicing factors instead promote the opposite cell fate, namely, differentiation. We explain this discrepancy by proposing that splicing factors facilitate overall RNA regulation in the germline. Indeed, we find that loss of splicing factors produces synthetic phenotypes with a mutation in another RNA regulator, FOG-1, but not with a mutation in a gene unrelated to posttranscriptional regulation (dhc-1). We conclude that inefficient pre-mRNA splicing may interfere with multiple posttranscriptional regulatory events, which has to be considered when interpreting results of genetic interaction screens.
Programmed Cell Death Initiation and Execution in Budding Yeast
Authors: Strich Randy 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) was initially described in metazoans as a genetically controlled process leading to intracellular breakdown and engulfment by a neighboring cell . This process was distinguished from other forms of cell death like necrosis by maintenance of plasma membrane integrity prior to engulfment and the well-defined genetic system controlling this process. Apoptosis was originally described as a mechanism to reshape tissues during development. Given this context, the assumption was made that this process would not be found in simpler eukaryotes such as budding yeast. Although basic components of the apoptotic pathway were identified in yeast, initial observations suggested that it was devoid of prosurvival and prodeath regulatory proteins identified in mammalian cells. However, as apoptosis became extensively linked to the elimination of damaged cells, key PCD regulatory proteins were identified in yeast that play similar roles in mammals. This review highlights recent discoveries that have permitted information regarding PCD regulation in yeast to now inform experiments in animals.
Lifelong Learning and Changes in Preschool Teacher Education – Croatian Experiences/Cjeloživotno učenje i promjene u obrazovanju odgajatelja – iskustvo iz Hrvatske
Authors: Vujičić Lidija , Čepić Renata , Tatalović Vorkapić Sanja 
Published: August 2015

With respect to the initiation and implementation of the Differential Programme of Lifelong Learning of Preschool Teachers, it was necessary to carry out its objective evaluation. This implied an investigation and analysis of their satisfaction with the quality of the Programme which was measured by 6 basic components: Communication with students, Teacher preparation, Information availability, Work organization, Complexity of courses and Method of evaluation. A total of 326 assessments were indicated on a 5-point Likert scale. In general, student assessments of all the components, regardless of individual courses, are fairly positive. The most significant predictor for all the others was found to be the component communication with students. It revealed that a communicative relationship with a teacher was given precedence over all the other quality dimensions of teaching. This result considerably differs from results obtained by several research studies on the quality of teaching within full-time academic education. Therefore, the emphasis is very much on students of higher education programmes and their important role in the creation of teaching, implying that their assessments are to be seen as important predictors for programme improvement at the level of every single course as well as the programme as a whole. Key words: evaluation; preschool teacher; quality assurance; study programme. --- S obzirom na pokretanje i provedbu razlikovnog programa za cjeloživotno obrazovanje odgajatelja bilo je neophodno provesti njegovu objektivnu evaluaciju. Zadovoljstvo kvalitetom programa operacionalizirano je i mjereno sa 6 osnovnih komponenata: komunikacija sa studentima, pripremljenost nastavnika, dostupnost informacija, organizacija rada, složenost kolegija i način vrednovanja. Procjene su rađene na Likertovoj skali od 1 do 5, a ukupno je bilo 326 procjena. Općenito, procjene polaznica na svim komponentama bez obzira na kolegij prilično su pozitivne. Najznačajnijim prediktorom za sve ostale komponente i zadovoljstvo programom pokazala se komponenta komunikacije sa studentima, te je utvrđeno da odnos s nastavnicima koji se ostvaruje komunikacijom ima prednost u odnosu na sve ostale dimenzije kvalitete nastave. To je rezultat koji se značajno razlikuje u odnosu na istraživanja kvalitete redovite nastave unutar akademskog obrazovanja. Samim tim stavljen je naglasak na to da polaznici programa visokoškolske nastave imaju važnu ulogu u kreiranju nastave i da su njihove procjene važni prediktori za unaprjeđivanje programa na razini pojedinog kolegija, ali i programa u cjelini. Ključne riječi: evaluacija; odgajatelj; osiguranje kvalitete; studijski program.
Raising Students’ Awareness of Teaching Competences by Means of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages / Razvijanje svijesti studenata o učiteljskim kompetencijama uz pomoć Europskog portfolija za obrazovanje učitelja jezika
Authors: Cindric Ivana , Andraka Marija , Bilić-Štefan Milka 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of an investigation into the use of the European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL) as part of the ELT methodology courses which are part of the Integrated Undergraduate and Graduate University Programme of Study of Primary Education and the English Language at the Faculty of Teacher Education in Zagreb. The EPOSTL is a self-assessment and reflection tool designed by the Council of Europe for students undergoing initial teacher education and thus includes teaching competences relevant for language teachers in the whole European area of education. Its use should contribute to raising awareness of both generic and specific teaching competences and of the necessity to link initial teacher education and continuous professional development. The EPOSTL has been applied in the Programme within the framework of ELT methodology courses since the 2009/10 academic year.The authors also present the findings of the analysis of students’ feedback on the use of the EPOSTL. The feedback revealed aspects of the EPOSTL which proved to be problematic for student. Having conducted such a study gives teachers involved the opportunity to modify and improve particular aspects of the use of the EPOSTL in order to reach the aims set.Key words: ELT methodology courses, reflection, self-assessment, teaching competences, the EPOSTL. --- SažetakRad prikazuje rezultate istraživanja upotrebe Europskog portfolija za obrazovanje nastavnika jezika (EPONAJ) kao dijela metodičkih kolegija poučavanja engleskog jezika u okviru Integriranog preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija primarnog obrazovanja i engleskog jezika na Učiteljskom fakultetu u Zagrebu. EPONAJ je alat za samoprocjenu i promišljanje koji je Vijeće Europe osmislilo za studente buduće učitelje jezika pa stoga sadrži učiteljske kompetencije koje su važne za učitelje jezika u cjelokupnoj sferi obrazovanja u Europi. Njegova upotreba trebala bi pridonijeti ne samo razvijanju svijesti studenata o generičkim i specifičnim učiteljskim kompetencijama već i osvještavanju potrebe povezivanja početnog obrazovanja učitelja s trajnim stručnim usavršavanjem. EPONAJ se u studiju koristi u okviru metodičkih kolegija poučavanja engleskog jezika od 2009./2010. godine.Autorice nadalje prikazuju rezultate analize studentskih upitnika o upotrebi EPONAJ-a, koja je ukazala na neke njegove aspekte koji su se pokazali problematičnima za studente. Provođenje istraživanja pruža voditeljima kolegija priliku da promijene i poboljšaju određene aspekte upotrebe EPONAJ-a kako bi se u potpunosti ostvarili postavljeni ciljevi.Ključne riječi: metodički kolegiji poučavanja engleskog jezika; promišljanje; samoprocjena; Europski portfolio za obrazovanje nastavnika jezika; učiteljske kompetencije.
RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OF INTERFERONE INDUCERS USING IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES TREATMENT
Authors: Ershov F. I. , Shul'dyakov A. A. , Romantsov M. G. , Lyapina E. P. , Soboleva L. A. 
Published: August 2015

There is represented the current classification of interferon inducers of various chemical groups related to antiviral agents, described the mechanisms of synthesis of different types of endogenous interferon in blood serum. The effectiveness of methylglucamine acridonacetates in integrated treatment of chronic hepatitis C, tuberculosis with HIV infection background, chronic brucellosis, arboviral diseases, including West Nile fever , as well as influenza and acute respiratory infections are shown. For successful treatment of acute and chronic diseases with endogenous interferon inducers should be applied as early as possible, at an average level of viremia , to enhance the effect of drugs with the directed etiotropic action and immunomodulators , which achieves the optimal pharmacotherapeutic effect.
FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE THYROID GLAND IN HIV-INFECTED
Authors: Timofeeva E. V. , Leshchenko O. Ya. 
Published: August 2015

In the article the current literature, devoted to the peculiarities of functioning of the thyroid gland in patients with HIV infection, is analyzed. Based on the analysis of literature data bases demonstrated the structure of thyroid function disorders in HIV-infected, as well as the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of these disorders. In the structure of thyroid function is dominated by hypothyroidism, euthyroid pathological syndrome, Graves' disease, for which the opportunistic infections are triggers immune activation. It should be noted that the step of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is accompanied by the development of inflammatory and neoplastic processes in the thyroid gland. Convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive for the development of thyroid dysfunction, in connection which the expediency of forming risk groups and the timely correction of the projected thyroid diseases.
BRAIN BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY FORMING IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN DIFFERENT ENDEMIC GOITER AREA OF EUROPEAN NORTH
Authors: Demin D. B. 
Published: August 2015

Northern European regions are goiter endemic and iodine-deficient areas, and also differ in the degree of extreme weather conditions in the Polar and Subpolar latitudes. The age formation of the nervous system in adolescents depends on these discomfort climatic factors. Aim. The study of functional brain activity depending on the thyroid profile in adolescents living in the European North. Patients and methods. 211 adolescents (male and female) aged 15–16 years living in the Subpolar (64°30' N) and Polar (67°40' N) Russian regions were observed. An electroencephalogram in a state of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed monopolar 16 standard leads was recorded. Electroencephalogram characteristic were performed by the values: of the wave amplitudes, index and absolute spectral power in each frequency band: 4–7 Hz, 8–12 Hz and 13–24 Hz. In serum samples by immune-enzyme assay thyrotropin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were determined. All the described changes were statistically significant at p 0,05–0,001. Results. A higher activity of diencephalic subcortical brain structures, expressed in the form of increased θ-activity and photic driver reactions were determined in adolescents living in Polar region. Background thyroid status determines the age formation of brain activity. In adolescents living in the Polar region a high concentration of thyrotropin in the blood and the availability of significant relations with thyroid hormones levels with a brain θ-activity were detected. In adolescents living in Subpolar region is more intense age optimization of neural processes, as well as the greatest number of neuro-endocrine relationships.
CHANGES IN AUDITORY FUNCTION DURING FIRST 6 MONTHS IN PREMATURE CHILDREN WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Rakhmanova I. V. , Sichinava L. G. , D'yakonova I. N. , Ledovskikh Yu. A. , Zinker G. M. 
Published: August 2015

Aim: To define an influence of intrauterine growth restriction to forming of hearing function of preterm infants. Patients and methods. The audiological test by the method of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was performed 3 times (during supposed dates of birth; 3 months old; 6 months old) in 136 premature children born while different gestation periods. Children were divided into 2 groups: premature children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature children with normal weight for their gestation age (normotrophy). Results. During checkup in supposed date of birth of children with IUGR, DPOAE was detected less than children with normotrophy and with the same gestation period. Test results in all 3 months old premature children of gestation period less than 32 weeks were significantly lower in comparison with children of another date of gestation. Results in 6 months old children with IUGR and with normotrophy were almost identical. In 17% of children with IUGR born at term gestation less than 32 weeks of auditory function is not available. Children with normotrophy from the same subgroup lack of auditory function were noted in 12% of cases. Conclusions. Premature children with IUGR maturing of auditory function is likely not to end in 6 months and can continue after 6 months.
NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS
Authors: Sanzhakov M. A. , Ipatova O. M. , Torkhovskaya T. I. , Prozorovskii V. N. , Tikhonova E. G. , Druzhilovskaya O. S. , Medvedeva N. V. 
Published: August 2015

The increase of tuberculosis incidence in last decade stimulated elaboration of both new antituberculous drugs and also searches of optimizing delivery systems for existing drugs. It is determined by their side effects and low bioavailability of effective first line drug rifampicin. Various nanosystems for transport of antituberculous drugs are considered on the basis of various polymers, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsios, nanosuspensions, dendrimers, cyclodextrines. Influence of drug incorporation into nanoparticles, most often for rifampicin, on pharmacokinetics and efficiency in tuberculosis models is discussed. The most of works are devoted to polymer nanoparticles for oral administration where increased circulation time and efficiency were shown. The best results were observed after drug inclusion into solid lipid nanoparticles. The liposomes formulations were investigated mostly for inhalation and injection administrations. Positive results were also observed. Authors underline the viability of incorporation of antituberculous drugs into phospholipid nanoparticles that may increase intestinal absorption and bioavailability. It is confirmed by authors’ own data that showed increase of rifampicin efficiency after their incorporation into such nanoparticles.
Impact of new regulations on clinical trials in India
Authors: Chawan Vihang S. , Gawand Kalpesh V. , Phatak Abhishek M. 
Published: August 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>India is one of the major destination for conducting clinical trials. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is the governing body responsible for all pharmaceutical-research and regulatory issues in India. While conducting clinical trials in India, regulations have come to ensure safety and wellbeing of the study subjects in the trial. The present study was planned to see the number of trials approved by DCGI and their trend over the last 8 years in view of new regulatory guidelines.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data obtained from website of the Regulatory Authority i.e. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regarding DGCI Approval of clinical trials from 2007 till 2014 are noted for analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Total 1799 Trials Approved. 2007 had lowest approvals with 3 clinical trials &amp; 2010 being highest with 500 trial approvals. Mean ± SD Approval of 224.88 ± 172.46 with Median rate of 206 per year was observed. Trend of Trials approved by DCGI shows sharp peak around 2008-2010 which follows sharp fall around 2013.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study highlights the impact of these new regulations on Clinical Trials registered for approval of DCGI.</p>
Health Care Costs 1 Year After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Rivara Frederick P. , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. This study sought to estimate total health care costs for mild, moderate, and severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare individual- and population-level costs across levels of TBI severity. Methods. Using 2007 to 2010 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data, we estimated total quarterly health care costs 1 year after TBI among enrollees (aged < 18 years). We compared costs across levels of TBI severity using generalized linear models. Results. Mild TBI accounted for 96.6% of the 319 103 enrollees with TBI; moderate and severe TBI accounted for 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Adjusted individual health care costs for moderate and severe TBI were significantly higher than mild TBI in the year after injury (P < .01). At the population level, moderate and severe TBI costs were 88% and 75% less than mild TBI, respectively. Conclusions. Individually, moderate and severe TBI initially generated costs that were markedly higher than those of mild TBI. At the population level, costs following mild TBI far exceeded those of more severe cases, a result of the extremely high population burden of mild TBI.
Public Support for Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Point-of-Sale Provisions: Results of a National Study
Authors: Rose Shyanika W. , Emery Sherry L. , Ennett Susan , McNaughton Reyes Heath Luz , Scott John C. , Ribisl Kurt M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We assessed public and smoker support for enacted and potential point-of-sale (POS) tobacco-control policies under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.Methods. We surveyed a US nationally representative sample of 17 507 respondents (6595 smokers) in January through February 2013, and used linear regression to calculate weighted point estimates and identify factors associated with support for POS policies among adults and smokers.Results. Overall, nonsmokers were more supportive than were smokers. Regardless of smoking status, African Americans, Hispanics, women, and those of older ages were more supportive than White, male, and younger respondents, respectively. Policy support varied by provision. More than 80% of respondents supported minors’ access restrictions and more than 45% supported graphic warnings. Support was lowest for plain packaging (23%), black-and-white advertising (26%), and a ban on menthol cigarettes (36%).Conclusions. Public support for marketing and POS provisions is low relative to other areas of tobacco control. Tobacco-control advocates and the Food and Drug Administration should build on existing levels of public support to promote and maintain evidence-based, but controversial, policy changes in the retail environment.
Smoking Norms and the Regulation of E-Cigarettes
Authors: Voigt Kristin 
Published: August 2015

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)—commonly called e-cigarettes—are at the center of a polarized debate. How should they be regulated? Central to this debate is the concern that e-cigarettes could lead to the renormalization of smoking and that the regulation of ENDS should therefore be modeled on the regulation of conventional cigarettes. I argue that arguments based on the renormalization of smoking can lend support to restrictions on marketing of ENDS, but that such arguments are problematic when used to justify restrictions on where ENDS can be used. The debate has been insufficiently sensitive to the ethical complexities of attempts to manipulate social norms to change health behaviors; these complexities must also inform the debate about ENDS and their regulation.
Do Osteoblastoma and Osteoid Osteoma Represent the Same Pathologic Entity?
Authors: Thompson Matthew J. , Domson Gregory , Dragoescu Ema 
Published: August 2015

Case:
We present the case of a fourteen-year-old boy with a benign diaphyseal femoral lesion that initially fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for osteoid osteoma but rapidly progressed and was finally diagnosed as osteoblastoma.

Conclusion:
Clinical and radiographic criteria provide imperfect and somewhat arbitrary distinguishing features between osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Although previous work highlighted the importance of histologic interpretation in this regard, recent comparative histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations failed to differentiate the two. We conclude that consideration should be given to the classification of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma as the same pathologic entity, with treatment based on presentation along a continuum of aggressiveness, and that future directions for study may include identification of factors predictive of progression and/or recurrence.
Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy Due to a Ganglion Cyst and Thickened Cubital Tunnel Retinaculum Fifty Years After Osteomyelitis Variolosa of the Elbow
Authors: Balachandar Gopalan , Reddy Mudiam Narayana 
Published: August 2015

Case:
Ulnar neuropathy developed acutely in a fifty-four-year-old man with an arthritic and deformed elbow as the result of osteomyelitis variolosa, a complication of smallpox, which he contracted at the age of five years. Intraoperatively, a ganglion cyst arising from the joint and a pathologically thick cubital tunnel retinaculum were found to be compressing the nerve. Surgical excision of the ganglion, release of the cubital tunnel retinaculum, and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve resulted in substantial clinical improvement at one year.

Conclusion:
The deformity and limited motion that can develop in the elbow over time following osteomyelitis variolosa may predispose the patient to ulnar neuropathy caused by a ganglion cyst arising in the compromised cubital tunnel.
Septic Arthritis of the Hip in the Setting of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Acker William B. , Nixon Star L. , Lee John J. , Jacobson Nathan A. , Haftel Hilary , Farley Frances A. 
Published: August 2015

Case:
A twenty-two-month-old boy with septic hip arthritis had persistent elevated inflammatory markers and daily fevers despite multiple antibiotic regimens and repeated surgical debridements yielding negative cultures. After exhaustive work-up for other infectious, rheumatologic, and immunologic etiologies, he met diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and developed cultures positive for fungal hip arthritis. Following treatment for HLH and fungal hip arthritis, he improved and was discharged.

Conclusion:
No previous report in the literature specifically associates HLH with septic hip arthritis, to our knowledge. Surgeons should suspect underlying immunologic deficiencies and atypical infectious causes of septic arthritis when usual treatment modalities have failed.