bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
I just don't know what I don't know!”: A longitudinal investigation of the perceived usefulness of information to people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: St. Jean Beth 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConsumer health information behavior (CHIB), which encompasses a person's health‐related information needs and the activities in which they engage in order to look for, manage, and use information related to their health condition, impacts a person's ability to manage and cope with a disease. Although CHIB has been found to be both dynamic and situational, very few studies have undertaken to study this phenomenon as a process that unfolds across time. This paper reports results from a longitudinal, mixed‐method study of the information behavior of people with type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to discover this group's information needs and information seeking practices, the factors that motivate or impede their information seeking and use, the sources and types of information that they find useful, and how all of these changed across time. This paper focuses on results related to participants' perceptions regarding the usefulness of different sources and types of diabetes‐related information. The findings indicate that important changes took place in participants' perceptions regarding the usefulness of information as their disease progressed, as their attitudes changed, and as their awareness of their information needs changed. A suggestion is made to extend the definition of information behavior to encompass an earlier state (“incognizance”) in which a person has not yet become aware that he/she has an information need and is, thus, less able (or unable) to recognize the potential relevance and usefulness of information. Implications for the important role that researchers and information professionals can play in helping to mitigate incognizance and its potentially devastating impacts are discussed.
Eating disorder questions in Yahoo! Answers: Information, conversation, or reflection?
Authors: Bowler Leanne , Oh Jung Sun , He Daqing , Mattern Eleanor , Jeng Wei 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study investigated a particular form of social Q&A – Yahoo! Answers – and the nature of the questions posed by teens on the topic of eating disorders. The goals of this study were to identify the information needs of questioners in Yahoo! Answers vis á vis the topic of eating disorders, to create a taxonomy of question types in Yahoo! Answers on the topic of eating disorders, and finally, to contribute to broader models of question‐asking in social Q&A. We achieved these goals through a content analysis of 2230 questions posed in Yahoo! Answers between December 2005 and April 2011. This resulted in a classification scheme with five overarching themes – Seeking Information, Seeking Emotional Support, Seeking Communication, Seeking Self‐Expression, and Seeking Help to Complete a Task, and the sub‐categories of factual, diagnosis, treatment or intervention, validation, seeking comfort, conversation starters, deep talk, confession, reflection, homework help, and manuscript ideas. Through the investigation of the socio‐emotional aspects of social Q&A, this study enriches our understanding of the affective dimension of health information behavior.
Crossing the divide: Putting information seeking research and theory into computer science practice to make information search systems and services more effective for the user
Authors: Kuhlthau Carol C. , Case Donald O. , Dervin Brenda , Bates Marcia J. , Cole Charles , Fisher Karen E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWith Carol Kuhlthau as moderator, we propose a panel of six information behavior researchers with diverse views on operationalizing findings and theoretical positions in information behavior/information seeking research for application in information system design and for re‐envisioning library and information services for technological information environments. Whereas computer‐science designed information systems and technological environments in libraries are designed for the user with an answer or at least the form of the answer firmly in mind, information seeking research is interested in the user with a complex information need who utilizes an information system or library service for knowledge construction and sense‐making. The dilemma is how to communicate information behavior/information seeking research and objectives to those who design the systems. The panelists propose different views on and solutions.
Bridging languages in social networks: How multilingual users of Twitter connect language communities?
Authors: Eleta Irene , Golbeck Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMultilingual users of social media and social networking sites are invisible —even unconscious— translators. Their language skills and multicultural background could help diminish the segmentation of information spheres online by connecting different language communities. Focusing on the microblogging site Twitter, this study aims at defining and classifying language bridges by looking at the languages and structure of the social networks of multilingual individuals. The social network analysis unveils four types of structures, one of which is defined as a language bridge. The next step of this work in progress aims at providing quantitative measures of this phenomenon, which has not been yet properly described or understood.
Preoperative identification of perforator vessels by combining MDCT, doppler flowmetry, and ICG fluorescent angiography
Authors: Onoda Satoshi , Azumi Shogo , Hasegawa Kenjiro , Kimata Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackground:The position of perforator vessels varies between individuals. In this report, we present our experience on the use of combining multidetector‐row computed tomography (MDCT), Doppler flowmetry, and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent angiography to identify perforator vessels of flaps for reconstruction. We evaluated the advantages, disadvantages, and chose the necessary examination, depending on characteristics of the flap.Methods:The combination of MDCT, Doppler flowmetry, and ICG fluorescent angiography examinations to identify perforators was performed in 50 patients before reconstructive surgery. The patients first underwent MDCT of the prospective flap donor region. Perforators were then marked for this site by using Doppler flowmetry in the neighborhood of the points identified by MDCT. After placing the patient in the intraoperative posture, ICG fluorescent angiography was performed to confirm the intensity and position of the perforators.Results:In all 50 patients examined by using this approach, perforators were intraoperatively identified near the preoperatively determined sites. Flap harvesting was possible in all patients with the identified perforators as the vascular pedicle. But it was difficult to identify the perforators on the MDCT in the patients who had a flap thickness of less than 8 mm and the identification of the perforators was difficult on ICG fluorescent angiography in the patients with a flap thickness greater than 20 mm. The transferred free flaps survived in all patients without complications.Conclusion:On the basis of the results, selection of the most suitable mode of examination depending on the characteristics of flap is recommended. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Glutathione exposes sequential IgE‐epitopes in ovomucoid relevant in persistent egg allergy
Authors: Roth‐Walter Franziska , Starkl Philipp , Zuberbier Torsten , Hummel Karin , Nöbauer Karin , Razzazi‐Fazeli Ebrahim , Brunner Richard , Pali‐Schöll Isabella , Kinkel Janis , Felix Ferdinand , Jensen‐Jarolim Erika , Kinaciyan Tamar 
Published: January 2013

ScopePatients with persistent egg allergy have more immunoglobulin E (IgE) against sequential than conformational epitopes of ovomucoid (OVO). Here, we aimed to identify compounds capable to render sequential epitopes in egg.Methods and resultsGlutathione was used for in vitro reduction of OVO and circular dichroism analyses were performed. Glutathione reduced OVO in a concentration‐dependent manner. Egg white was analyzed for reduced proteins with a thiol probe and by MALDI‐TOF/TOF. In unprocessed total egg white, several reduced proteins were detected by the thiol probe, among them reduced ovalbumin could be confirmed with MS analyses.Egg‐allergics or sensitized controls were tested serologically (n = 19) for IgE against native and reduced OVO and in skin prick tests (n = 9). More patients had IgE against reduced than native OVO in Western blots. In skin prick test, five out of seven persistent egg‐allergics and none of the controls reacted with reduced OVO.ConclusionReduced egg proteins are present in natural egg white. Glutathione, which is present in egg and furthermore is used as texture‐improving additive in processed food, is capable of reducing OVO. Patients with persistent egg allergy reacted rather to reduce the native OVO. Hence, our data indicate that reduction is a novel natural and processing‐associated principle, which contributes to the allergenicity of food.
The influence of folate supplementation on global gene expression in normal colonic mucosa of subjects with colorectal adenoma
Authors: Pufulete Maria , Abbadi Reyad Al‐Ghnaniem , Arno Matthew , Ewins Mark , Green Caroline , Astarloa Estibaliz Aldecoa‐Otalora , Sanders Tom , Emery Peter 
Published: January 2013

ScopeWe determined whether short‐term supplementation with a physiological dose of folate alters global gene expression in the normal colonic mucosa of subjects with colorectal adenoma.Methods and resultsFourteen subjects with adenoma, randomised to receive folic acid (400μg/day,n= 6) or placebo (n= 8) for 10 weeks, had blood samples and colonic tissue biopsies collected before and after the intervention.RNAextracted from colonic tissue samples was used to determine global gene expression in the colon usingAffymetrix®MicroarrayGeneChips and real‐timeRT‐PCR. Following intervention, 67 genes were upregulated and 13 genes were downregulated in the folic acid group, while 21 genes were upregulated and none were downregulated in the placebo group (p< 0.05, adjusted for multiple testing). Thirty‐six genes were upregulated and 18 genes were downregulated in the folic acid group when compared with placebo, but none of these were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple testing. These genes are involved in multiple pathways, including cell cycle, signal transduction, cell differentiation, transport, cell division, cell motility, protein transport, and immune response.ConclusionThese results indicate that while folic acid can modify gene expression, it is difficult to separate its effects from the natural variability in gene expression in the colon.
The Spinning Disk Reactor for Polymers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Pask Stephen D. , Cai Zhizhong , Mack Helmut , Marc Laurent , Nuyken Oskar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe preparation of reactive polyurethanes, the photopolymerization, and copolymerization of acrylates in emulsion as well as solution and the precipitation and reactive precipitation to prepare BaSO4 and silver nanoparticles, respectively, employing a spinning disk reactor (SDR) are summarized. The advantages of an SDR (excellent mass and heat transfer, minimal energy, and material usage, easy scale up as well as flexibility) are discussed. Where experiments are described comparing the SDR with traditional batch processes, known, optimized industrial batch processes are chosen. In all cases, the SDR could be shown to yield equivalent product quality while having procedural advantages. magnified image
Early Zooarchaeological Evidence for Mus musculus in Australia
Authors: Davies P. , Garvey J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA recent discovery at the 19th‐century Hyde Park Barracks Destitute Asylum in Sydney provides the earliest securely recorded zooarchaeological evidence for the house mouse (Mus musculus) in Australia. While M. musculus probably arrived with the first European settlers in the late 18th century, securely dated examples from the colonial period are rare. Our find consisted of a wooden matchbox containing the well preserved skeletal remains of three mice, in a context dating to the period 1848–1886. The material is noteworthy for the excellent preservation of the bones, which include skulls, articulated vertebrae, ribs, innominates (pelvis) and distal hindlimb. This paper briefly describes the evidence for the arrival of M. musculus in Australia; the archaeological and historical context of the find; the nature and condition of the mouse skeletons; and possible interpretations. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postnatal phenotype according to prenatal ultrasound features of Noonan syndrome: a retrospective study of 28 cases
Authors: Gaudineau A. , Doray B. , Schaefer E. , Sananès N. , Fritz G. , Kohler M. , Alembik Y. , Viville B. , Favre R. , Langer B. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveNoonan syndrome is a frequent genetic disorder with autosomal dominant transmission. Classically, it combines postnatal growth restriction with dysmorphic and malformation syndromes that vary widely in expressivity. Lymphatic dysplasia induced during the embryonic stage might interfere with tissue migration. Our hypothesis is that the earlier the edema, the more severe postnatal phenotype.MethodThis retrospective study analyzed data from all 32 cases of Noonan syndrome diagnosed in the Medical Genetics Department of Hautepierre Hospital in Strasbourg, France, between 1995 and 2011. The postnatal evolution of Noonan syndrome was compared according to the presence of at least one prenatal ultrasound feature of lymphatic dysplasia.ResultsThe most frequent prenatal ultrasound features found were increased nuchal translucency, cystic hygroma and polyhydramnios; their global prevalence was 46.4%. The presence of these features was not significantly associated with the postnatal phenotype of Noonan syndrome.ConclusionThe results of our study indicate that prenatal ultrasound features of lymphatic dysplasia do not predict an unfavorable postnatal prognosis for Noonan syndrome. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing the prescription of drugs of different price levels
Authors: Semark Birgitta , Engström Sven , Brudin Lars , Tågerud Sven , Fredlund Kerstin , Borgquist Lars , Petersson Göran 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeSocioeconomic factors have been suggested to influence the prescribing of newer and more expensive drugs. In the present study, individual and health care provider factors were studied in relation to the prevalence of differently priced drugs.MethodsRegister data for dispensed drugs were retrieved for 18 486 individuals in a county council in Sweden. The prevalence of dispensed drugs was combined with data for the individual's gender, age, education, income, foreign background, and type of caregiver. For each of the diagnostic groups (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], depression, diabetes, and osteoporosis), selected drugs were dichotomized into cost categories, lower and higher price levels. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed using cost category as the dependent variable and the individual and provider factors as independent variables.ResultsIn all four diagnostic groups, differences were observed in the prescription of drugs of lower and higher price levels with regard to the different factors studied. Age and gender affected the prescription of drugs of lower and higher price levels more generally, except for gender in the osteoporosis group. Income, education, foreign background, and type of caregiver affected prescribing patterns but in different ways for the different diagnostic groups.ConclusionsCertain individual and provider factors appear to influence the prescribing of drugs of different price levels. Because the average price for the cheaper drugs versus more costly drugs in each diagnostic group was between 19% and 69%, there is a risk that factors other than medical needs are influencing the choice of drug. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing geographic allotment of photovoltaic capacity in a distributed generation setting
Authors: Urquhart Bryan , Sengupta Manajit , Keller Jamie 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTA multi‐objective optimization was performed to allocate 2 MW of photovoltaic (PV) among four candidate sites on the island of Lanai, Hawaii, such that energy was maximized and variability in the form of ramp rates was minimized. This resulted in the Pareto‐optimal set, an optimal solution set that provides a range of geographic allotment alternatives for fixed PV capacity. Within the Pareto‐optimal set, a trade‐off was found between energy produced and variability experienced, whereby a decrease in variability always necessitates a simultaneous decrease in energy. With this development, system designers have a method to select the preferred combination of energy generation and variability within the set of optimal alternatives to meet their needs. A design point within the optimal set was selected for study that decreased extreme ramp rates by more than 50% while decreasing annual energy generation by only 3% above the maximum generation allocation. To quantify the allotment mix selected, a new metric called the “ramp ratio” was developed. It compares ramping magnitude when all capacity is allotted to a single location to the aggregate ramping magnitude in a distributed scenario. The ramp ratio quantifies simultaneously how much more smoothing a distributed scenario would experience than single‐site allotment and how much a single site is being underutilized for its ability to reduce aggregate variability. This paper creates a framework for use by cities and municipal utilities to reduce variability impacts while planning for high penetration of PV on the distribution grid, thereby maximizing the value of investments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divorce as an Influence in Return Migration to Rural Areas
Authors: Wall Tamara , Von Reichert Christiane 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis qualitative study focuses on individuals who moved back to rural US communities in relatively isolated areas with modest levels of natural amenities. Open‐ended interviews at high school reunions revealed that a subset of return migration was driven by marital separation and divorce. This research sets out to explore why after divorce people return to rural areas, despite what are often limited economic opportunities. Findings suggest that both people and place shape return migration decisions after divorce: an individual's functional and emotional support networks, provided by people, work with the physical and affective attributes offered by place. Return migration to rural areas after divorce can be seen as a strategy to adapt to post‐divorce changes and to cope with the trauma and vulnerabilities that can accompany divorce. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of growth process scheme on the properties of AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Wośko Mateusz , Paszkiewicz Bogdan , Paszkiewicz Regina , Tłaczała Marek 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo check the influence of different process parameters, such as precursors (TMAl and TMGa) flow rates, growth interrupt time between subsequent stages of the growth for purging the reactor, on the properties of the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure, seven sets of HEMT structures were developed and investigated. It was demonstrated that for the growth of canonically the same “sandwich” structure, several growth process schemes can be applied, and different properties of fabricated AlGaN/AlN/GaN can be obtained. It was shown, that changing Al content in the AlGaN barrier layer by modifying TMAl flow rate results in significant decrease in 2DEG mobility compared to the method in which TMGa flow rate is adjusted to keep the assumed composition. The presented results also showed, that the growth interruption between successive stages of AlGaN/AlN/GaN growth has a distinct impact on the mobility and concentration of 2DEG in HEMT’s. The transport properties of the fabricated heterostructures were studied by impedance spectroscopy technique. Specific parameters of growth process, such as growth rate and Al content, were obtained by in‐situ interferometry and photoluminescence technique. There are many publications which describes the influence of different structure parameters, e.g. composition of the AlGaN barrier layer, thickness of the AlN interlayer, however the information is rather fragmentary and it is difficult to compare quantitative results deriving from various groups. The purpose of this article was to show the key HEMT’s structure parameters in relation to MOVPE process scheme, influencing the electrical transport of 2DEG. Detailed explanation of physical phenomenas was not the main aim of this work and will be presented later. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phase I Control of Simple Linear Profiles with Individual Observations
Authors: Yeh Arthur , Zerehsaz Yaser 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMost of the existing literature on phase I control of simple linear profiles requires multiple observations because the profile parameters need to be estimated given each subgroup of observations. Such a requirement may not be attainable in practical applications in that the observations collected in phase I for assessing whether the process is in control and estimating the profile parameters may not necessarily follow what is prescribed by the existing phase I methods. This is particularly the case for processes in which only few observations or a single observation per subgroup can be obtained for phase I control. In this work, a control charting mechanism based on a change‐point model is proposed for phase I control of simple linear profiles with individual observations. The proposed charting mechanism consists of two control charts. The first control chart, which is essentially based on a likelihood ratio test, is used to monitor the profile parameters. The error standard deviation is monitored using a second control chart, which is constructed on the basis of the recursive residuals. Simulation results show that the control charting mechanism is effective in detecting sustained changes in the profile parameters and/or error standard deviation. The proposed phase I control charting mechanism is used in an application to demonstrate how the proposed control charts can be applied in practice. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.