bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of chain ends of polyesters in polycondensation of AA and BB monomers by use of solid‐phase reagent
Authors: Sugiura Toshihiko , Yajima Daisuke , Shoji Kento , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFor selective synthesis of linear polyester having a functional group at one end, polycondensation between 1,4‐butanediol (1a) and sebacoyl chloride (2a) and between 1,12‐dodecanediol (1b) and isophthaloyl chloride (2b) was conducted in the presence of oxime resin or oxime silica gel, followed by cleavage of the formed polyester from the solid‐phase support with aniline. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectra and 1H NMR spectra of the cleaved polyester showed that the products contained not only polyester with anilide at one end (poly 1), but also polyester with anilides at both ends (poly 2). The product ratio of poly 1 to poly 2 (poly 1/poly 2) was dependent on monomers, monomer concentration, feed ratio of monomer to oxime moiety in the support, oxime content in the support, reaction solvent, and the nature of the support. Polyester with a high poly 1/poly 2 ratio of 81/21 and moderate molecular weight (Mn = 1430 g/mol) was obtained by polycondensation of 1b and 2b in the presence of oxime silica gel in dichloromethane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 1379–1386
Caregiving in Polish–German Transnational Social Space: Circulating Narratives and Intersecting Heterogeneities
Authors: Barglowski Karolina , Krzyżowski Łukasz , Świątek Paulina 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTransnational caregiving has recently provoked a number of studies on the impact of migration on the reorganisation of care arrangements, family dynamics, and gender roles. Yet, the literature on transnational caregiving rarely discusses the ambivalences which migrants encounter in the provision of care. Twenty interviews with migrants from Poland in Germany and ten interviews with their relatives in Poland reveal that transnational childcare is mitigated between a wish for the integration of their children into the German education system and the need to maintain ties to relatives and friends in Poland. These mediations synchronise socialisation within and outside the (transnational) family, yet also connect families with each other (across borders) through reciprocity such as intergenerational contracts. The implications of caregiving are the differences in life chances – shaped by transnationality, class, gender, and age – through participation in relevant social fields such as the labour market and the education system. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SQLPIL: SQL injection prevention by input labeling
Authors: Masri Wes , Sleiman Sam 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSQL injection attacks (SQLIAs) aim at exploiting vulnerabilities in web applications in order to execute malicious SQL commands. It is established that prepared statements are resilient to SQLIAs, and thus, developers are advised to use them when constructing SQL queries as opposed to applying string concatenation operations. Unfortunately, this recommended programming practice is not as pervasive as it should be. This paper addresses this shortcoming by presenting SQL injection Prevention by Input Labeling (SQLPIL), an effective, light, and fully automated tool that leverages prepared statements to prevent SQLIAs at runtime. Given a Java program in which SQL queries are built as strings, SQLPIL dynamically transforms the strings into secure prepared statements right before their execution, thus guaranteeing that malicious input will always be treated as data and never as SQL commands. We empirically evaluated our Java implementation of SQLPIL using a benchmark that includes five JSP commercial applications, a number of legitimate queries, and a number of attacks of representative types. The results were promising as all attacks were prevented, and all legitimate runs executed successfully; in other words, the technique exhibited no false alarms when applied on typical applications. Also, the runtime cost was acceptable, assuming typical settings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual analysis for recommending developers to resolve bugs
Authors: Xia Xin , Lo David , Wang Xinyu , Zhou Bo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBug resolution refers to the activity that developers perform to diagnose, fix, test, and document bugs during software development and maintenance. Given a bug report, we would like to recommend the set of bug resolvers that could potentially contribute their knowledge to fix it. We refer to this problem as developer recommendation for bug resolution. In this paper, we propose a new and accurate method named DevRec for the developer recommendation problem. DevRec is a composite method that performs two kinds of analysis: bug reports based analysis (BR‐Based analysis) and developer based analysis (D‐Based analysis). We evaluate our solution on five large bug report datasets including GNU Compiler Collection, OpenOffice, Mozilla, Netbeans, and Eclipse containing a total of 107,875 bug reports. We show that DevRec could achieve recall@5 and recall@10 scores of 0.4826–0.7989, and 0.6063–0.8924, respectively. The results show that DevRec on average improves recall@5 and recall@10 scores of Bugzie by 57.55% and 39.39%, outperforms DREX by 165.38% and 89.36%, and outperforms NonTraining by 212.39% and 168.01%, respectively. Moreover, we evaluate the stableness of DevRec with different parameters, and the results show that the performance of DevRec is stable for a wide range of parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low complexity estimation of carrier and sampling frequency offsets in burst‐mode OFDM systems
Authors: Murin Yonathan , Dabora Ron 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe study communications under slowly varying channels, and consider three cases of knowledge of the channel impulse response (CIR): full knowledge, no knowledge, and partial knowledge of the CIR. By partial knowledge, we refer to knowing only either the CIR magnitudes or the CIR phases. It is known that obtaining the exact joint maximum‐likelihood estimate (MLE) of the CFO and the SFO requires a two‐dimensional search. Here, we present a new estimation method which uses the Taylor expansion of the MLE cost function, combined with the best linear unbiased estimator, to obtain a method which does not require such a search. The computational complexity of the new method is evaluated. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the new method approaches the corresponding Cramér‐Rao bound for a wide range of signal‐to‐noise ratios, and has superior performance compared to all other existing methods for approximating the solution for the joint MLE, while maintaining a low computational complexity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utility led rural electrification in Morocco: combining grid extension, mini‐grids, and solar home systems
Authors: Nygaard Ivan , Dafrallah Touria 
Published: March 2015

Morocco has become known for being an example of a well‐performing utility‐led rural electrification program, but so far little independent research has scrutinized this extraordinary case. Based on a critical review of the available literature, this study attempts to draw a picture of the evolution of rural electrification in Morocco, the policies and programs that have been implemented, and their institutional, technical, and financial dimensions. The review reveals that information available about the success of the programme has almost entirely been provided by the utility ONE, which has strategic and commercial interests in showing its achievements in a favorable light. With this in mind, three main principles are identified as having contributed to the rapid evolution of levels of electrification: (1) a clear vision and a continuing political commitment to follow the plan; (2) an institutional framework that brings into action the strength of the utility and of both national and international actors; and (3) a finance model that includes all stakeholders and international financial institutions. However, three factors may have been equally important in achieving these results: (1) a level of rural electrification in Morocco that from the outset was far below that in comparable neighboring countries; (2) a high GDP compared to sub‐Saharan African (SSA) countries; and (3) a high level of urban electrification that allowed cross‐subsidization from urban consumers. So while the Moroccan case is inspiring for SSA countries, we need to be prudent before we relate the rapid increase in electrification to the implementation model alone. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:155–168. doi: 10.1002/wene.165This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Economics and Policy
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Intrayear Household Income Dynamics and Adolescent School Behavior
Authors: Gennetian Lisa A. , Wolf Sharon , Hill Heather D. , Morris Pamela A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Economic life for most American households is quite dynamic. Such income instability is an understudied aspect of households’ economic contexts that may have distinct consequences for children. We examine the empirical relationship between household income instability, as measured by intrayear income change, and adolescent school behavior outcomes using a nationally representative sample of households with adolescents from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2004 panel. We find an unfavorable relationship between income instability and adolescent school behaviors after controlling for income level and a large set of child and family characteristics. Income instability is associated with a lower likelihood of adolescents being highly engaged in school across the income spectrum and predicts adolescent expulsions and suspensions, particularly among low-income, older, and racial minority adolescents.
Medical, legal, and ethical challenges associated with pregnancy and catastrophic brain injury
Authors: Burkle Christopher M. , Tessmer‐Tuck Jennifer , Wijdicks Eelco F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn late 2013, two women from North America gained attention after sustaining catastrophic brain injuries while pregnant. After Marlise Muñoz—who was at 14 weeks of pregnancy when she developed a pulmonary embolism—was pronounced brain dead, hospital officials initially refused to withdraw support, citing a Texas state law requiring them to maintain life‐sustaining treatment for a pregnant patient to help to save the fetus. By contrast, when Robyn Benson was pronounced brain dead after a brain hemorrhage at 22 weeks of pregnancy, both her husband and the physicians agreed to continue support until a viable child could be delivered. The Muñoz and Benson cases offer an opportunity to explore the medical, legal, and ethical issues surrounding catastrophic brain injury in pregnant women. It is hoped that the present article will enable clinicians to better appreciate the history and present state of issues involving advance directives for pregnant women, maternal versus fetal interests, and the impact of fetal viability on medical decision making, as well as offer a practical assessment of the various US state laws concerning the rare, yet catastrophic event of brain injury in a pregnant woman.
Does location matter? A proposed methodology to evaluate neighbourhood effects on cardiac arrest survival and bystander CPR
Authors: Buick Jason E. , Allan Katherine S. , Ray Joel G. , Kiss Alexander , Dorian Paul , Gozdyra Peter , Morrison Laurie J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundTraditional variables used to explain survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) account for only 72% of survival, suggesting that other unknown factors may influence outcomes. Research on other diseases suggests that neighbourhood factors may partly determine health outcomes. Yet, this approach has rarely been used for OHCA. This work outlines a methodology to investigate multiple neighbourhood factors as determinants of OHCA outcomes.MethodsA retrospective, observational cohort study design will be used. All adult non-emergency medical service witnessed OHCAs of cardiac etiology within the city of Toronto between 2006 and 2010 will be included. Event details will be extracted from the Toronto site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Epistry—Cardiac Arrest, an existing population-based dataset of consecutive OHCA patients. Geographic information systems technology will be used to assign patients to census tracts. Neighbourhood variables to be explored include the Ontario Marginalization Index (deprivation, dependency, ethnicity, and instability), crime rate, and density of family physicians. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis will be used to explore the association between neighbourhood characteristics and 1) survival-to-hospital discharge, 2) return-of-spontaneous circulation at hospital arrival, and 3) provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Receiver operating characteristics curves will evaluate each model’s ability to discriminate between those with and without each outcome.DiscussionThis study will determine the role of neighbourhood characteristics in OHCA and their association with clinical outcomes. The results can be used as the basis to focus on specific neighbourhoods for facilitating educational interventions, CPR awareness programs, and higher utilization of automatic defibrillation devices.
Ingestion of coffee polyphenols increases postprandial release of the active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1(7–36)) amide in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Fujii Yoshie , Osaki Noriko , Hase Tadashi , Shimotoyodome Akira 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe widespread prevalence of diabetes, caused by impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance, is now a worldwide health problem. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a major intestinal hormone that stimulates glucose-induced insulin secretion from β cells. Prolonged activation of the GLP-1 signal has been shown to attenuate diabetes in animals and human subjects. Therefore, GLP-1 secretagogues are attractive targets for the treatment of diabetes. Recent epidemiological studies have reported that an increase in daily coffee consumption lowers diabetes risk. The present study examined the hypothesis that the reduction in diabetes risk associated with coffee consumption may be mediated by the stimulation of GLP-1 release by coffee polyphenol extract (CPE). GLP-1 secretion by human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells was augmented in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of CPE, and was compatible with the increase in observed active GLP-1(7–36) amide levels in the portal blood after administration with CPE alone in mice. CPE increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in a dose-dependent manner, but this was not mediated by G protein-coupled receptor 119 (GPR119). The oral administration of CPE increased diet (starch and glyceryl trioleate)-induced active GLP-1 secretion and decreased glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide release. Although CPE administration did not affect diet-induced insulin secretion, it decreased postprandial hyperglycaemia, which indicates that higher GLP-1 levels after the ingestion of CPE may improve insulin sensitivity. We conclude that dietary coffee polyphenols augment gut-derived active GLP-1 secretion via the cAMP-dependent pathway, which may contribute to the reduced risk of type 2 diabetes associated with daily coffee consumption.
The role of the partner and relationship satisfaction on treatment outcome in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Verspaandonk J. , Coenders M. , Bleijenberg G. , Lobbestael J. , Knoop H. 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundCognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) leads to a significant decrease in CFS-related symptoms and disability. The primary objective of this study was to explore whether partners’ solicitous responses and patients’ and partners’ perceived relationship satisfaction had an effect on treatment outcome.MethodThe treatment outcome of a cohort of 204 consecutively referred patients treated with CBT was analysed. At baseline, CFS patients completed the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire. The Checklist Individual Strength subscale Fatigue and the Sickness Impact Profile total scores completed by CFS patients post-treatment were used as measures of clinically significant improvement. Partners completed the Family Response Questionnaire, the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire, the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Causal Attribution List. Logistic regression analyses were performed with clinically significant improvement in fatigue and disability as dependent variables and scores on questionnaires at baseline as predictors.ResultsSolicitous responses of the partner were associated with less clinically significant improvement in fatigue and disability. Partners more often reported solicitous responses when they perceived CFS as a severe condition. Patients’ relationship dissatisfaction was negatively associated with clinically significant improvement in fatigue.ConclusionsPartners’ solicitous responses and illness perceptions at the start of the therapy can negatively affect the outcome of CBT for CFS. We emphasize the importance of addressing this in therapy.
Multiple aster formation is frequently observed in bovine oocytes retrieved from 1-day stored ovaries
Authors: Hara H. , Tagiri M. , Hirabayashi M. , Hochi S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe have recently reported that multiple aster formation after in vitro fertilization (IVF) was one of the factors that negatively affected the developmental competence of vitrified-warmed bovine matured oocytes, and that short-term culture of the post-warm oocytes with an inhibitor of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) suppressed the multiple aster formation and improved the blastocyst yield. The present study was conducted to investigate whether increased multiple aster formation following IVF was involved in impaired developmental competence of stored ovary-derived bovine oocytes. Oocytes retrieved from 1-day stored ovaries had lower developmental potential to day 8 blastocysts when compared with those from fresh ovaries (37 versus 63%). Immunostaining of α-tubulin 10 h post-IVF revealed that a higher incidence of multiple aster formation occurred in oocytes retrieved from stored ovaries than from fresh ovaries (31 versus 15%). Treatment of post-in vitro maturated (post-IVM) oocytes with ROCK inhibitor for 2 h significantly suppressed the incidence of multiple aster formation (10 versus 32% in the control group). However, the suppression effect of ROCK inhibitor on multiple aster formation in IVM/IVF oocytes did not improve blastocyst yield from stored ovary-derived oocytes (41 versus 37% in the control group). These results suggested that the higher incidence of multiple aster formation by bovine ovary storage was not responsible for the decreased developmental competence of IVF oocytes.
The morphology of the coronary sinus in patients with congenitally corrected transposition: implications for cardiac catheterisation and re-synchronisation therapy
Authors: Aiello Vera D. , Ferreira Flávia C. N. , Scanavacca Mauricio I. , Anderson Robert H. , D’Avila André 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPatients with congenitally corrected transposition frequently benefit from re-synchronisation therapy or ablation procedures. This is likely to require catheterisation of the coronary sinus. Its anatomy, however, is not always appreciated, despite being well-described. With this caveat in mind, we have evaluated its location and structure in hearts with congenitally corrected transposition in order to reinforce the guidance needed by the cardiac interventionist. We dissected and inspected the coronary sinus, the oblique vein of the left atrium, and the left-sided-circumflex venous channel in eight heart specimens with corrected transposition and eight controls, measuring the orifice and length of the sinus and the atrioventricular valves. In two-thirds of the malformed hearts, the sinus deviated from its anticipated course in the atrioventricular groove, ascending obliquely on the left atrial inferior wall to meet the left oblique vein. The maximal deviation coincided in all hearts with the point where the left oblique vein joined the left-sided-circumflex vein to form the coronary sinus. We describe a circumflex vein, rather than the great cardiac vein, as the latter venous channel is right-sided in the setting of corrected transposition. The length of the sinus correlated positively with the diameter of the tricuspid valve (p=0.02). Compared with controls, the left oblique vein in the malformed hearts joined the circumflex venous channel significantly closer to the mouth of the sinus. The unexpected course of the coronary sinus in corrected transposition and the naming of the cardiac veins have important implications for venous cannulation and interpretation of images.
FtsZ1/FtsZ2 Turnover in Chloroplasts and the Role of ARC3
Authors: Johnson Carol B. , Shaik Rahamthulla , Abdallah Rehab , Vitha Stanislav , Holzenburg Andreas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChloroplast division requires filamentation temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ), a tubulin-like GTPase of cyanobacterial endosymbiotic origin. Plants and algae possess two distinct FtsZ protein families, FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 that co-assemble into a ring (Z-ring) at the division site. Z-ring assembly and disassembly and division site positioning is controlled by both positive and negative factors via their specific interactions with FtsZ1 and FtsZ2. Here we present thein plantaanalysis ofArabidopsisFtsZ1 and FtsZ2 turnover in the context of a native chloroplast division machinery. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis was conducted using fluorescently tagged FtsZ at wild-type (WT)-like levels. Rapid photobleaching, low signal-to-noise ratio, and phototropic movements of chloroplasts were overcome by (i) using progressive intervals in time-lapse imaging, (ii) analyzing epidermal rather than stromal chloroplasts, and (iii) employing image stack alignment during postprocessing. In plants of WT background, fluorescence recovery half-times averaged 117 and 325 s for FtsZ1 and FtsZ2, respectively. In plants lacking ARC3, the key negative regulator of FtsZ assembly, the turnover was threefold slower. The findings are discussed in the context of previous results conducted in a heterologous system.