bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoidance Goal Pursuit Depletes Self‐Regulatory Resources
Authors: Oertig Daniela , Schüler Julia , Schnelle Jessica , Brandstätter Veronika , Roskes Marieke , Elliot Andrew J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveResearch on the strength model of self‐regulation is burgeoning, but little empirical work has focused on the link between distinct types of daily goal pursuit and the depletion of self‐regulatory resources. The authors conducted two studies on the link between avoidance goals and resource depletion.MethodStudy 1 (283 [228 female] Caucasians, ages 18–51) investigated the concurrent and longitudinal relations between avoidance goals and resource depletion over a 1‐month period. Study 2 (132 [93 female] Caucasians, ages 18–49) investigated the concurrent and longitudinal relations between avoidance goals and resource depletion over a 1‐month period and explored resource depletion as a mediator of the avoidance goal to subjective well‐being relation.ResultsStudies 1 and 2 documented both a concurrent and a longitudinal negative relationship between avoidance goals and self‐regulatory resources, and Study 2 additionally showed that self‐regulatory resources mediate the negative link between avoidance goals and subjective well‐being. Ancillary analyses demonstrated that the results observed in the two studies were independent of neuroticism.ConclusionsThese findings advance knowledge in both the resource depletion and avoidance goal literatures, and bolster the view that avoidance goal pursuit over time represents a self‐regulatory vulnerability.
Unifying the Aspects of the Big Five, the Interpersonal Circumplex, and Trait Affiliation
Authors: DeYoung Colin G. , Weisberg Yanna J. , Quilty Lena C. , Peterson Jordan B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTwo dimensions of the Big Five, Extraversion and Agreeableness, are strongly related to interpersonal behavior. Factor analysis has indicated that each of the Big Five contains two separable but related aspects. The present study examined the manner in which the aspects of Extraversion (Assertiveness and Enthusiasm) and Agreeableness (Compassion and Politeness) relate to interpersonal behavior and trait affiliation, with the hypothesis that these four aspects have a structure corresponding to the octants of the interpersonal circumplex. A second hypothesis was that measures of trait affiliation would fall between Enthusiasm and Compassion in the IPC.MethodThese hypotheses were tested in three demographically different samples (N = 469; 294; 409) using both behavioral frequency and trait measures of the interpersonal circumplex, in conjunction with the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS) and measures of trait affiliation.ResultsBoth hypotheses were strongly supported.ConclusionsThese findings provide a more thorough and precise mapping of the interpersonal traits within the Big Five and support the integration of the Big Five with models of interpersonal behavior and trait affiliation.
Natural coniferous resin lacquer in treatment of toenail onychomycosis: an observational study
Authors: Sipponen Pentti , Sipponen Arno , Lohi Jouni , Soini Marjo , Tapanainen Riikka , Jokinen Janne J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIn in vitro tests, natural coniferous resin from the Norway spruce (Picea abies) is strongly antifungal. In this observational study, we tested the clinical effectiveness of a lacquer composed of spruce resin for topical treatment of onychomycosis. Thirty‐seven patients with clinical diagnosis of onychomycosis were enrolled into the study. All patients used topical resin lacquer treatment daily for 9 months. A mycological culture and potassium hydroxide (KOH) stain were done from nail samples in the beginning and in the end of the study. Treatment was considered effective, if a mycological culture was negative and there was an apparent clinical cure. At study entry, 20 patients (20/37; 54%; 95% CI: 38–70) had a positive mycological culture and/or positive KOH stain for dermatophytes. At study end, the result of 13 patients was negative (13/19; 68%; 95% CI: 48–89). In one case (1/14; 7%; 95% CI: 0–21) the mycological culture was initially negative, but it turned positive during the study period. By 14 compliant patients (14/32; 44%; 95% CI: 27–61), resin lacquer treatment was considered clinically effective: complete healing took place in three cases (9%) and partial healing in 11 cases (85%). The results indicate some evidence of clinical efficacy of the natural coniferous resin used for topical treatment of onychomycosis.
Focal Dermal Hypoplasia Due to a Novel Mutation in a Boy with Klinefelter Syndrome
Authors: Alkindi Said , Battin Malcolm , Aftimos Salim , Purvis Diana 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA boy was born with multiple anomalies, including right hemifacial microsomia, eye abnormalities, syndactyly, right hand ectrodactyly, hypoplastic nails, omphalocele, bladder exstrophy, renal dilatation, and splayed symphysis pubis. The skin was also abnormal, with atrophic skin plaques and areas of telangiectasia along the lines of Blaschko. The karyotype was 47,XXY (Klinefelter syndrome). He was found to have a heterozygous mutation in the PORCN gene. He exhibited the classical features of focal dermal hypoplasia. Fewer than 15% of reported cases are male when it is thought to be due to postzygotic mutation and thus mosaic. This is the first reported boy to have heterozygous mutation for Goltz syndrome who survived due to the extra X chromosome.
Blood Lead Level Analysis Among Refugee Children Resettled in New Hampshire and Rhode Island
Authors: Raymond Jaime S. , Kennedy Chinaro , Brown Mary Jean 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between refugee status and elevated blood lead levels (EBLLs) among children living in two U.S. cities and to assess the effect of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for BLL testing of newly emigrated refugee children for EBLLs.Design and SampleA longitudinal study was conducted of 1,007 refugee children and 953 nonrefugee children living, when blood testing occurred, in the same buildings in Manchester, New Hampshire and Providence, Rhode Island.MeasuresSurveillance and blood lead data were collected from both sites, including demographic information, BLLs, sample type, refugee status, and age of housing.ResultsRefugee children living in Manchester were statistically significantly more likely to have an EBLL compared with nonrefugee children even after controlling for potential confounders. We did not find this association in Providence. Compared with before enactment, the mean time of refugee children to fall below 10 μg/dL was significantly shorter after the recommendations to test newly emigrated children were enacted.ConclusionsRefugee children living in Manchester were significantly more likely to have an EBLL compared with nonrefugee children. And among refugee children, we found a statistically significant difference in the mean days to BLL decline <10 μg/dL before and after recommendations to test newly emigrated children.
The effect of ultraviolet radiation from a novel portable fluorescent lamp on serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in healthy adults with Fitzpatrick skin types II and III
Authors: Dabai Nicholas S. , Pramyothin Pornpoj , Holick Michael F. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground/PurposeUltraviolet (UV) B irradiation may provide a safe and effective method to treat vitamin D deficiency. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a novel Sperti D/UV‐Fluorescent lamp in converting 7‐dehydrocholesterol (7‐DHC) to previtamin D3 in vitro and in raising serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] in healthy adults.MethodsThe lamp was assessed in vitro using a 7‐DHC solution and a human skin sample. In a prospective cohort study, five healthy adults with skin types II and III were exposed to a 0.75 minimal erythemal dose of UV radiation over ∼9% of body surface area three times a week for 4 weeks. The main outcomes were percentage of conversion from 7‐DHC to previtamin D3 in vitro and changes in serum 25(OH)D3 after irradiation in vivo.ResultsA dose response between UV irradiation time and conversion of 7‐DHC to previtamin D3 was seen in the 7‐DHC solution and surgically obtained human skin. The subjects had a significant increase in mean 25(OH)D3 from 18.4 ± 8.2 to 27.3 ± 7.6 ng/ml (P < 0.001) after 4 weeks of irradiation. No adverse events occurred.ConclusionThe Sperti D/UV‐Fluorescent lamp is effective in converting 7‐DHC to previtamin D3 in vitro and in raising serum 25(OH)D3 in healthy adults.
Misclassification of pregnancy‐related deaths in adult mortality surveys: case study in Senegal
Authors: Helleringer Stéphane , Duthé Géraldine , Kanté Almamy Malick , Andro Armelle , Sokhna Cheikh , Trape Jean‐François , Pison Gilles 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveIn countries with limited vital registration data, maternal mortality levels are often estimated using siblings' survival histories (SSH) collected during retrospective adult mortality surveys. We explored how accurately adult deaths can be classified as pregnancy related using such data.MethodThe study was conducted in a rural area of south‐eastern Senegal with high maternal mortality, Bandafassi. We used data from a demographic surveillance system (DSS) in this area to identify deaths of women at reproductive ages between 2003 and 2009 and to locate the surviving adult sisters of the deceased and interview them. Siblings' survival histories were linked at the individual level to death records, and verbal autopsy data obtained by the demographic surveillance system. We compared the classification of adult female deaths as pregnancy related or not in interviews and DSS records.ResultsThere were 91 deaths at reproductive ages in the Bandafassi DSS between 2003 and 2009, but only 59 had known surviving sisters. Some deaths were omitted by respondents, or reported as alive or as having occurred during childhood (n = 8). Among deaths reported both in the SSH and DSS data, 94% of deaths classified as pregnancy related in the DSS data were also classified as such by siblings' survival histories. Only 70% of deaths classified as not pregnancy related in the DSS data were also classified as such by siblings' survival histories.ConclusionMisclassifications of pregnancy‐related deaths in retrospective adult mortality surveys may affect estimates of pregnancy‐related mortality rates.
Activity profiling of vacuolar processing enzymes reveals a role for VPE during oomycete infection
Authors: Misas‐Villamil Johana C. , Toenges Gerrit , Kolodziejek Izabella , Sadaghiani Amir M. , Kaschani Farnusch , Colby Thomas , Bogyo Matthew , van der Hoorn Renier A.L. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryVacuolar processing enzymes (VPEs) are important cysteine proteases that are implicated in the maturation of seed storage proteins, and programmed cell death during plant–microbe interactions and development. Here, we introduce a specific, cell‐permeable, activity‐based probe for VPEs. This probe is highly specific for all four Arabidopsis VPEs, and labeling is activity‐dependent, as illustrated by sensitivity for inhibitors, pH and reducing agents. We show that the probe can be used for in vivo imaging and displays multiple active isoforms of VPEs in various tissues and in both monocot and dicot plant species. Thus, VPE activity profiling is a robust, simple and powerful tool for plant research for a wide range of applications. Using VPE activity profiling, we discovered that VPE activity is increased during infection with the oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). The enhanced VPE activity is host‐derived and EDS1‐independent. Sporulation of Hpa is reduced on vpe mutant plants, demonstrating a role for VPE during compatible interactions that is presumably independent of programmed cell death. Our data indicate that, as an obligate biotroph, Hpa takes advantage of increased VPE activity in the host, e.g. to mediate protein turnover and nutrient release.
The role of fructose transporters in diseases linked to excessive fructose intake
Authors: Douard Veronique , Ferraris Ronaldo P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFructose intake has increased dramatically since humans were hunter‐gatherers, probably outpacing the capacity of human evolution to make physiologically healthy adaptations. Epidemiological data indicate that this increasing trend continued until recently. Excessive intakes that chronically increase portal and peripheral blood fructose concentrations to >1 and 0.1 mm, respectively, are now associated with numerous diseases and syndromes. The role of the fructose transporters GLUT5 and GLUT2 in causing, contributing to or exacerbating these diseases is not well known. GLUT5 expression seems extremely low in neonatal intestines, and limited absorptive capacities for fructose may explain the high incidence of malabsorption in infants and cause problems in adults unable to upregulate GLUT5 levels to match fructose concentrations in the diet. GLUT5‐ and GLUT2‐mediated fructose effects on intestinal electrolyte transporters, hepatic uric acid metabolism, as well as renal and cardiomyocyte function, may play a role in fructose‐induced hypertension. Likewise, GLUT2 may contribute to the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by facilitating the uptake of fructose. Finally, GLUT5 may play a role in the atypical growth of certain cancers and fat tissues. We also highlight research areas that should yield information needed to better understand the role of these GLUTs in fructose‐induced diseases.
Generation of striatal projection neurons extends into the neonatal period in the rat brain
Authors: Wright Jordan , Stanic Davor , Thompson Lachlan H. 
Published: November 2012

Key pointsStudies on postnatal neurogenesis as a constitutive physiological process have largely focused on the adult brain.This study identifies and characterises a continued period of striatal neurogenesis under normal physiological conditions in the neonatal brain.Birth‐dating studies show a peak production of striatal projection neuron generation at postnatal day 0 that declines sharply within the first postnatal week.New striatal projection neurons integrate appropriately into existing circuitry through target‐directed innervation of appropriate sub‐striatal structures.The results are highly relevant for the development of regenerative strategies for neonatal brain repair.Abstract Substantial advances have been made in the last decade on our understanding of the basic physiology underlying neurogenesis in the postnatal mammalian brain. The bulk of the work in this area has been based on analysis of the adult brain. Relatively less is known about the capacity for neurogenesis in specific structures within the neonatal brain. Here we report that the production of medium spiny striatal projection neurons extends into the early neonatal period under normal physiological conditions in the rat brain. Birth‐dating of newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine at postnatal days 0, 2 and 5 showed a peak production close to birth, which sharply declined at the later time‐points. Additionally, there was a low‐level but stable contribution of neurons with interneuron identity over the same time‐period. Importantly, retroviral labelling of new striatal projection neurons with green fluorescent protein showed long‐term survival and terminal differentiation with characteristic morphology, including highly elaborated spiny dendrites, and appropriate axonal targeting of the globus pallidus and midbrain. This latent period of striatal neurogenesis in the early neonatal brain represents an interesting target for regenerative approaches aimed at restoring striatal circuitry in perinatal pathologies, such as hypoxic and ischaemic damage associated with cerebral palsy.
Scintillator high‐gain avalanche rushing photoconductor active‐matrix flat panel imager: Zero‐spatial frequency x‐ray imaging properties of the solid‐state SHARP sensor structure
Authors: Wronski M. , Zhao W. , Tanioka K. , DeCrescenzo G. , Rowlands J. A. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose:The authors are investigating the feasibility of a new type of solid‐state x‐ray imaging sensor with programmable avalanche gain: scintillator high‐gain avalanche rushing photoconductor active matrix flat panel imager (SHARP‐AMFPI). The purpose of the present work is to investigate the inherent x‐ray detection properties of SHARP and demonstrate its wide dynamic range through programmable gain.Methods:A distributed resistive layer (DRL) was developed to maintain stable avalanche gain operation in a solid‐state HARP. The signal and noise properties of the HARP‐DRL for optical photon detection were investigated as a function of avalanche gain both theoretically and experimentally, and the results were compared with HARP tube (with electron beam readout) used in previous investigations of zero spatial frequency performance of SHARP. For this new investigation, a solid‐state SHARP x‐ray image sensor was formed by direct optical coupling of the HARP‐DRL with a structured cesium iodide (CsI) scintillator. The x‐ray sensitivity of this sensor was measured as a function of avalanche gain and the results were compared with the sensitivity of HARP‐DRL measured optically. The dynamic range of HARP‐DRL with variable avalanche gain was investigated for the entire exposure range encountered in radiography/fluoroscopy (R/F) applications.Results:The signal from HARP‐DRL as a function of electric field showed stable avalanche gain, and the noise associated with the avalanche process agrees well with theory and previous measurements from a HARP tube. This result indicates that when coupled with CsI for x‐ray detection, the additional noise associated with avalanche gain in HARP‐DRL is negligible. The x‐ray sensitivity measurements using the SHARP sensor produced identical avalanche gain dependence on electric field as the optical measurements with HARP‐DRL. Adjusting the avalanche multiplication gain in HARP‐DRL enabled a very wide dynamic range which encompassed all clinically relevant medical x‐ray exposures.Conclusions:This work demonstrates that the HARP‐DRL sensor enables the practical implementation of a SHARP solid‐state x‐ray sensor capable of quantum noise limited operation throughout the entire range of clinically relevant x‐ray exposures. This is an important step toward the realization of a SHARP‐AMFPI x‐ray flat‐panel imager.
Prospective Study of the Wilson Severity-of-Illness Scoring System for Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections
Authors: Talbot George H. , O'Neal Tanya , Das Anita F. , Thye Dirk 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Wilson et al. (Am. J. Surg.
185:
369–375, 2003) developed a disease severity classification system for use in complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI). Two phase 3 trials of ceftaroline fosamil in cSSSI provided the opportunity to evaluate the association between Wilson Severity Risk Class and clinical cure rates. Our analyses did not confirm that an association exists between Wilson Severity Risk Class and clinical cure rate and, thus, did not validate its predictive utility.
A novel ice storm manipulation experiment in a northern hardwood forest
Authors: Rustad Lindsey E. , Campbell John L. 
Published: November 2012

Ice storms are an important natural disturbance within forest ecosystems of the northeastern United States. Current models suggest that the frequency and severity of ice storms may increase in the coming decades in response to changes in climate. Because of the stochastic nature of ice storms and difficulties in predicting their occurrence, most past investigations of the ecological effects of ice storms across this region have been based on case studies following major storms. Here we report on a novel alternative approach where a glaze ice event was created experimentally under controlled conditions at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, USA. Water was sprayed over a northern hardwood forest canopy during February 2011, resulting in 7–12 mm radial ice thickness. Although this is below the minimum cutoff for ice storm warnings (13 mm of ice) issued by the US National Weather Service for the northeastern United States, this glaze ice treatment resulted in significant canopy damage, with 142 and 218 g C·m–2 of fine and coarse woody debris (respectively) deposited on the forest floor, a significant increase in leaf-on canopy openness, and increases in qualitative damage assessments following the treatment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a relatively simple approach to simulating an ice storm and underscores the potency of this type of extreme event in shaping the future structure and function of northern hardwood forest ecosystems.
Root system response of naturally regenerated Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) after complete overstory removal
Authors: Briggs Nathan A. , Kuehne Christian , Kohnle Ulrich , Bauhus Jürgen 
Published: November 2012

Long regeneration periods, which result in two-layered or multilayered forest stands, are an important element of the close-to-nature forest management paradigm in central Europe. Such extended regeneration periods, however, may lead to undesirable development of advance regeneration, specifically in species such as Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) where root growth is strongly curtailed under competition. We hypothesized that root systems of naturally regenerated Douglas-fir that had grown under closed canopy for prolonged periods would be inhibited in their capacity to develop adequate structural root systems following release through removal of the canopy. Complete root systems of six approximately 25-year-old Douglas-fir that had grown for at least 12 years underneath a closed canopy before overstory removal were excavated using subterranean explosives. Root elongation, radial increment of primary lateral and vertical roots, and aboveground stem growth were investigated using retrospective analysis of growth rings. Structural roots of the previously suppressed Douglas-fir were capable of strongly responding to release from competition relative to growth prior to removal, but this response, particularly in the form of root elongation, was delayed. However, since the growth response of roots was not stronger than that above ground, an imbalanced root to shoot ratio, likely developed in trees when grown under the canopy, was not reverted. Generalizing interpretation of the derived findings of this study is limited because of the small sample size and the lack of freely grown control trees. Whether or not previously suppressed trees can develop the same physical stability as open-grown individuals therefore deserves further investigation.
A NOTE ON BARKER POLYNOMIALS
Authors: BORWEIN PETER , ERDÉLYI TAMÁS 
Published: November 2012

We call the polynomial [Formula: see text] a Barker polynomial of degree n-1 if each aj ∈{-1, 1} and [Formula: see text] Properties of Barker polynomials were studied by Turyn and Storer thoroughly in the early sixties, and by Saffari in the late eighties. In the last few years P. Borwein and his collaborators revived interest in the study of Barker polynomials (Barker codes, Barker sequences). In this paper we give a new proof of the fact that there is no Barker polynomial of even degree greater than 12, and hence Barker sequences of odd length greater than 13 do not exist. This is intimately tied to irreducibility questions and proved as a consequence of the following new result. Theorem.Ifn ≔ 2m + 1 > 13and[Formula: see text]where eachbj ∈{-1, 0, 1}for even values of j, each bj is an integer divisible by 4 for odd values of j, then there is no polynomial[Formula: see text]such that[Formula: see text], where[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]denotes the collection of all polynomials of degree 2m with each of their coefficients in {-1, 1}. A clever usage of Newton's identities plays a central role in our elegant proof.