bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of baseline cannabis use and working‐memory network function on changes in cannabis use in heavy cannabis users: A prospective fMRI study
Authors: Cousijn Janna , Wiers Reinout W. , Ridderinkhof K. Richard , van den Brink Wim , Veltman Dick J. , Goudriaan Anna E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTheoretical models of addiction suggest that a substance use disorder represents an imbalance between hypersensitive motivational processes and deficient regulatory executive functions. Working‐memory (a central executive function) may be a powerful predictor of the course of drug use and drug‐related problems. Goal of the current functional magnetic resonance imaging study was to assess the predictive power of working‐memory network function for future cannabis use and cannabis‐related problem severity in heavy cannabis users. Tensor independent component analysis was used to investigate differences in working‐memory network function between 32 heavy cannabis users and 41 nonusing controls during an N‐back working‐memory task. In addition, associations were examined between working‐memory network function and cannabis use and problem severity at baseline and at 6‐month follow‐up. Behavioral performance and working‐memory network function did not significantly differ between heavy cannabis users and controls. However, among heavy cannabis users, individual differences in working‐memory network response had an independent effect on change in weekly cannabis use 6 months later (ΔR2 = 0.11, P = 0.006, f2 = 0.37) beyond baseline cannabis use (ΔR2 = 0.41) and a behavioral measure of approach bias (ΔR2 = 0.18): a stronger network response during the N‐back task was related to an increase in weekly cannabis use. These findings imply that heavy cannabis users requiring greater effort to accurately complete an N‐back working‐memory task have a higher probability of escalating cannabis use. Working‐memory network function may be a biomarker for the prediction of course and treatment outcome in cannabis users. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2470–2482, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Comparison of Calcium to Zoledronic Acid for Improvement of Cortical Bone in an Animal Model of CKD
Authors: Moe Sharon M , Chen Neal X , Newman Christopher L , Gattone Vincent H , Organ Jason M , Chen Xianming , Allen Matthew R 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased risk of fractures, yet the optimal treatment is unknown. In secondary analyses of large randomized trials, bisphosphonates have been shown to improve bone mineral density and reduce fractures. However, bisphosphonates are currently not recommended in patients with advanced kidney disease due to concern about oversuppressing bone remodeling, which may increase the risk of developing arterial calcification. In the present study we used a naturally occurring rat model of CKD with secondary hyperparathyroidism, the Cy/+ rat, and compared the efficacy of treatment with zoledronic acid, calcium given in water to simulate a phosphate binder, and the combination of calcium and zoledronic acid. Animals were treated beginning at 25 weeks of age (approximately 30% of normal renal function) and followed for 10 weeks. The results demonstrate that both zoledronic acid and calcium improved bone volume by micro–computed tomography (µCT) and both equally suppressed the mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and mineralizing surface of trabecular bone. In contrast, only calcium treatment with or without zoledronic acid improved cortical porosity and cortical biomechanical properties (ultimate load and stiffness) and lowered parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, only calcium treatment led to the adverse effects of increased arterial calcification and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). These results suggest zoledronic acid may improve trabecular bone volume in CKD in the presence of secondary hyperparathyroidism, but does not benefit extraskeletal calcification or cortical biomechanical properties. Calcium effectively reduces PTH and benefits both cortical and trabecular bone yet increases the degree of extra skeletal calcification. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A fluid‐driven earthquake swarm on the margin of the Yellowstone caldera
Authors: Shelly David R. , Hill David P. , Massin Frédérick , Farrell Jamie , Smith Robert B. , Taira Taka'aki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOver the past several decades, the Yellowstone caldera has experienced frequent earthquake swarms and repeated cycles of uplift and subsidence, reflecting dynamic volcanic and tectonic processes. Here we examine the detailed spatial‐temporal evolution of the 2010 Madison Plateau swarm, which occurred near the northwest boundary of the Yellowstone caldera. To fully explore the evolution of the swarm, we integrated procedures for seismic waveform‐based earthquake detection with precise double‐difference relative relocation. Using cross correlation of continuous seismic data and waveform templates constructed from cataloged events, we detected and precisely located 8710 earthquakes during the 3 week swarm, nearly 4 times the number of events included in the standard catalog. This high‐resolution analysis reveals distinct migration of earthquake activity over the course of the swarm. The swarm initiated abruptly on 17 January 2010 at about 10 km depth and expanded dramatically outward (both shallower and deeper) over time, primarily along a NNW striking, ~55° ENE dipping structure. To explain these characteristics, we hypothesize that the swarm was triggered by the rupture of a zone of confined high‐pressure aqueous fluids into a preexisting crustal fault system, prompting release of accumulated stress. The high‐pressure fluid injection may have been accommodated by hybrid shear and dilatational failure, as is commonly observed in exhumed hydrothermally affected fault zones. This process has likely occurred repeatedly in Yellowstone as aqueous fluids exsolved from magma migrate into the brittle crust, and it may be a key element in the observed cycles of caldera uplift and subsidence.
The coupling between very long period seismic events, volcanic tremor, and degassing rates at Mount Etna volcano
Authors: Zuccarello Luciano , Burton Michael R. , Saccorotti Gilberto , Bean Christopher J. , Patanè Domenico 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFrom December 2005 to January 2006, an anomalous degassing episode was observed at Mount Etna, well‐correlated with an increase in volcanic tremor, and in the almost complete absence of eruptive activity. In the same period, more than 10,000 very long period (VLP) events were detected. Through moment tensor inversion analyses of the VLP pulses, we obtained quantitative estimates of the volumetric variations associated with these events. This allowed a quantitative investigation of the relationship between VLP seismic activity, volcanic tremor, and gas emission rate at Mount Etna. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between SO2 gas flux and volcanic tremor, suggesting that tremor amplitude can be used as a first‐order proxy for the background degassing activity of the volcano. VLP volumetric changes and SO2 gas flux are correlated only for the last part of our observations, following a slight change in the VLP source depth. We calculate that the gas associated with VLP signal genesis contributed less than 5% of the total gas emission. The existence of a linear correlation between VLP and degassing activities indicates a general relationship between these two processes. The effectiveness of such coupling appears to depend upon the particular location of the VLP source, suggesting that conduit geometry might play a significant role in the VLP‐generating process. These results are the first report on Mount Etna of a quantitative relationship between the amounts of gas emissions directly estimated through instrumental flux measurements and the quantities of gas mass inferred in the VLP source inversion.
Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling activation patterns in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Komori Yoko , Yada Kazuhiro , Ohta Masayuki , Uchida Hiroki , Iwashita Yukio , Fukuzawa Kengo , Kashima Kenji , Yokoyama Shigeo , Inomata Masafumi , Kitano Seigo 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundPhosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway dysregulation has been implicated in the development of various human cancers. However, expression of mTOR cascade components in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to assess the expression of mTOR pathway in PNETs using immunohistochemistry.MethodsFrom December 1984 to April 2012, we surgically treated 42 patients with PNETs. We used immunohistochemistry to evaluate expression of mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p‐mTOR), p70S6 kinase (S6K), phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein (p‐S6rp), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1 (4E‐BP1), and phosphorylated 4E‐BP1 (p‐4E‐BP1) in the resected specimens. The relation between the expression of these molecules and clinicopathological characteristics was investigated.ResultsWe identified the expression of mTOR (28.6%), p‐mTOR (52.4%), S6K (52.4%), p‐S6rp (40.5%), 4E‐BP1 (81.0%), and p‐4E‐BP1 (26.2%) in PNETs. The expression of mTOR, p‐mTOR, S6K, and p‐S6rp was significantly associated with tumor invasion, proliferation, and an advanced‐stage. Particularly, the expression of p‐mTOR was related to clinically relevant factors such as tumor size, vascular invasion, extrapancreatic invasion, lymph node and/or distant metastasis, mitotic count, and European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society TNM staging as well as the 2004 and 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) classification. In addition, p‐S6rp expression was related to vascular invasion, extrapancreatic invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, mitotic count, and the 2010 WHO classification. In contrast, no significant relation between 4E‐BP1 activation and clinicopathological factors was observed. The expression of p‐mTOR was strongly correlated with that of p‐S6rp (r = 0.474, P = 0.002).ConclusionsOur results suggest that activation of the mTOR/S6K signaling pathway plays a significant role in tumorigenesis and progression of PNET.
An exploration of the feasibility of radiation therapist participation in treatment reviews
Authors: Monk Clare Maree , Wrightson Stephanie Jane , Smith Tony Neil 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionAs radiation oncologists' (ROs') workload has increased over time, treatment review clinics have become recognized as an area of RO practice into which radiation therapist (RT) practice could extend. There has been limited utilization of RTs in this role in Australia and a paucity of data on the acceptability and opinions regarding RTs practising in this role in an Australian context. The purpose of this audit was to investigate the feasibility of RT participation in review clinics at Calvary Mater Newcastle.MethodsFeasibility was determined by two methods: an audit of 200 treatment reviews to determine medical intervention (MI) levels required and a survey of 80 clinical staff to explore attitudes towards RT participation in clinics.ResultsMedical intervention was required in 59% (n = 118) of observed reviews, with the lowest being for breast (33%) and prostate (28%) cancers. MI peaked at 73% between fractions 16–20 and was lowest early and late in the treatment period at 48%. There were 60 responses to the staff survey. All but one respondent agreed that RTs would be willing to participate in treatment review clinics, but all five consultant ROs indicated they would not be willing to delegate reviews to RTs.ConclusionsNeither feasibility measure reached acceptable levels to recommend RT participation in treatment review clinics. Further investigation and RT education are required to help meet the future RO workforce shortfall. As MI rates are lowest for breast and prostate cancer RT participation could be targeted to these clinics.
Midtarsal joint locking: New perspectives on an old paradigm
Authors: Okita Nori , Meyers Steven A. , Challis John H. , Sharkey Neil A. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryWe investigated the existence of a midtarsal joint locking mechanism using cadaveric simulations of normal gait. Previous descriptions of this phenomenon led us to hypothesize that non‐coupled rotations of the calcaneocuboid and talonavicular (i.e., midtarsal) joints and cubonavicular and talocalcaneal joints occur at heel strike and during weight acceptance, after which joint rotations cease with all bone‐to‐bone orientations remaining constant during the latter portions of stance phase. Three‐dimensional kinematics of the talus, calcaneus, cuboid, and navicular were recorded along with muscle and ground reaction forces. Finite helical axis parameters and joint angles of directly articulating bones were subsequently derived and examined. During weight acceptance, the midtarsal joints everted with obvious changes in the relative orientation of their helical axes. The relative non‐parallel orientation of these axes then remained constant until late in stance when these joints inverted and dorsiflexed toward their original pre‐stance orientation. The cubonavicular and talocalcaneal joints demonstrated complimentary behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, the midtarsal joints remained compliant during foot flat and even more so during push‐off, despite divergent joint axes. Joint rotations were present after weight acceptance, thereby challenging the concept that midtarsal joint locking produces a rigid lever during push‐off. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:110–115, 2014.
Binding Study of the [Ru(NH3)5pz]2+ Complex to Bile Anion Aggregates through Kinetic Measurements
Authors: Perez‐Tejeda P. , Jimenez‐Ruiz A. , Grueso E. M. , Prado‐Gotor R. , Carrasco C. , Pastor A. , Alvarez N. , Garcia‐Lora M. , Garcia‐Pageo M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe electron transfer reaction between [Ru(NH3)5pz]2+ and [Co(C2O4)3]3− was studied in the presence of monomers and aggregates of bile salts (sodium deoxycholate, sodium taurodeoxycholate, and sodium glycocholate) at 298.2 ± 0.1 K. The results show a decreasing rate constant with the successive addition of bile salts. To rationalize the trends of the reaction rate on the [bile salts], two models were used. One of them takes into account the aggregation feature by considering a stepwise self‐association between monomers, whereas the other assumes the formation of a critical micellar concentration. Binding constants between [Ru(NH3)5pz]2+ species and deoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate aggregates were higher than that for glycocholate aggregates. These results are consistent with the way in which the monomers are added to form the bile anion aggregates.
3D‐Druck erobert die Mikroskala
Authors: Hermatschweiler Martin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie 3D‐Drucktechnologie gilt weltweit als ein entscheidender Schlüssel für wirtschaftliches Wachstum in den kommenden Jahrzehnten. Schon heute ist Drucken in 3D in vielen Bereichen realisiert. Tägliche Pressemeldungen zu neuen Produkten wie Fahrzeugkomponenten, Prothesen und anderen künstlichen Körperteilen bis hin zu Skurrilitäten wie Lebensmitteln aus dem 3D‐Drucker sorgen regelmäßig für Aufsehen. Ohne teure Werkzeuge herstellen zu müssen, können am Computer entworfene Modelle einfach und schnell gedruckt werden.
Von Werkzeugstahl bis zur Superlegierung
Authors: Schneider Michael 
Published: September 2013

AbstractOb Zahnräder, Spritzgussformen, medizinische Instrumente oder Turbinenteile – bei hochwertigen Schweißarbeiten ist die Technologie des Laserschweißens unübertroffen. Mithilfe moderner Prozessstrategien lassen sich selbst anspruchsvolle Schweißmetallurgien oder artunterschiedliche Werkstoffe prozessstabil, reproduzierbar und wirtschaftlich bearbeiten. Automatisierte Prozeduren erhöhen zusätzlich die Qualität am Werkstück und die Effizienz der Bearbeitung. Am Beispiel der modular aufgebauten PSM‐400‐Serie von Schunk Lasertechnik wird deutlich, was heute bereits möglich ist (Abb. 1).
Innovative Prozesstechnik zur Mikrobearbeitung von Glas
Authors: Lemke Andreas , Sowoidnich Kay , Ashkenasi David 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDie gemeinnützige Laser‐ und Medizin‐Technologie GmbH, Berlin (LMTB) entwickelt Prozesstechniken und optische Komponenten speziell für die industrielle Lasermikrofertigung. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet dabei die Lasermikrobearbeitung von Glas in Stärken zwischen 0,05 und 1 mm. Der Einsatz von ultrakurzen Laserpulsen bietet für transparente Werkstoffe eine gute Voraussetzung für eine präzise und schonende Herstellung von Bohrungen und Innenmarkierungen. Die Doppelpuls‐Technik liefert in Präzision und Geschwindigkeit ein weiteres Verbesserungspotenzial.
Mit dem Auge zurück an die Schweißnaht
Authors: Truckenbrodt Christian 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAutomatisierte, robotergeführte Laserstrahlschweißanlagen mit Multikilowatt‐Festkörperlasern stellen erhöhte Anforderungen an den Laserschutz. Nicht selten führt dies zu Laserstrahlschutzkabinen, die den Menschen vollständig vom Fertigungsprozess abschirmen. Kamerasysteme mit Fremdbeleuchtung zeigen ein Live‐Bild des Schweißprozesses sowie dessen Umgebung und bringen so den Benutzer mit dem Auge zurück an Schweißnaht, wie es beim manuellen Schweißen der Fall ist. Intelligente Steuerungs‐, Kamera‐ und Beleuchtungstechnik erlaubt zudem eine automatische Überwachung des Prozesses. Neben den Bilddaten werden zusätzlich Prozessparameter der Anlage synchron aufgezeichnet und ausgewertet. Somit stehen dem Benutzer bei der Analyse von n.i.O.‐Meldungen, Fehlstellen und weiteren Problemen sowohl ein Video als auch die zum jeweiligen Zeitpunkt aktuellen Parameter zur Verfügung. Kamerasysteme dieser Art haben sich in automatisierten Serienanlagen bereits als wichtiges Werkzeug zur Steigerung der Produktivität etabliert und genießen durch die videobildbasierte Mensch‐Maschine‐Schnittstelle eine hohe Akzeptanz beim Benutzer.
Platinenschnitt am laufenden Band
Authors: Pohl Thomas 
Published: September 2013

AbstractKarosseriekomponenten und andere Blechformteile aus Stahl‐ und Aluminiumwerkstoffen werden heute meist auf Pressenstraßen oder in Warmformlinien hergestellt. Dabei finden Formplatinen Verwendung, deren zum Teil komplexe Geometrie in Umformsimulationen ermittelt und im Tryout optimiert und angepasst wird. Mit der neuen Laser‐Blanking‐Line von Schuler Automation lassen sich diese Platinen ohne Zwischenschritte direkt vom Coil schneiden und stapeln (Abb. 1). Die DynamicFlow‐Technologie und drei kooperierende Schneidköpfe sorgen beim Laserschneiden für höchste Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit.
Low‐Temperature CO2‐Assisted Assembly of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Ferroelectrets of High Piezoelectricity and Thermal Stability
Authors: Li Yan , Zeng Changchun 
Published: September 2013

A novel supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2)‐assisted low‐temperature assembly approach to fabricate cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) ferroelectrets is reported. The process takes advantage of the strong COC–CO2 interaction and associated severe depression of both bulk and surface glass transition temperature. Using a multilayer structural design to implement a bending mechanism in the ferroelectrets, the apparent compression modulus can be greatly reduced and tailored, leading to COC ferroelectrets with excellent piezoelectric activity. The COC ferroelectrets exhibit excellent thermal stability. The study presents a viable low‐cost technology to mass produce COC ferroelectrets with high piezoelectric activity that can be used in structurally and thermally demanding conditions.
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Ecomorphological variability of Arthrospira fusiformis (Cyanoprokaryota) in African soda lakes
Authors: Kaggwa Mary Nakabungo , Burian Alfred , Oduor Steve Omondi , Schagerl Michael 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe filamentous spirally coiled cyanoprokaryote Arthrospira fusiformis is found in extremely high densities in tropical soda lakes acting as driving force of the food web. We studied pronounced temporal morphological changes of Arthrospira in Kenyan soda lakes, Nakuru and Bogoria, and identified underlying key factors. Cell (diameter and height) and filament (height of coil, coil diameter, and number) dimensions were measured from weekly samples collected over a period of 16 months. In both lakes, medium‐sized cells and large, widely coiled filaments prevailed most. Percentage of large, widely coiled filaments was promoted by elevated levels of soluble reactive phosphorus, wind speed, temperature and conductivity and the opposite for small filaments. Large, narrow‐coiled filaments were associated with an increase in mainly Arthrospira‐grazing zooplankton and cyanophage infections. Widely coiled spirals were promoted by increased turbulences. Based on fluorescence measurements, we found widely coiled filaments representing high vitality. From this study we were able to demonstrate for the first time morphological patterns of Arthrospira in nature. Arthrospira morphotypes are suitable for indicating the biological status in soda lakes as they are subjective and therefore reflective of what is happening in its habitat. Additionally, this outcome might be also of interest for commercial ′Spirulina′ farms in enhancing high‐quality production.
MicroRNA‐106b modulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition by targeting TWIST1 in invasive endometrial cancer cell lines
Authors: Dong Peixin , Kaneuchi Masanori , Watari Hidemichi , Sudo Satoko , Sakuragi Noriaki 
Published: September 2013

AbstractType II endometrial carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of endometrial cancer (EC). TWIST1, a helix‐loop‐helix transcription regulator, is known to induce epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promote tumor metastasis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) also serve as important regulators of EMT and metastasis by regulating EMT‐related genes. In this study, we sought to explore the role of TWIST1 in inducing EMT in representative type II EC cell lines, and to determine the miRNAs involved in regulating TWIST1 gene expression. Functional analysis suggested that TWIST1 contributes to the EMT phenotypes of EC cells, as evidenced by the acquisition of fibroblast‐like properties, enhanced invasiveness, and induction of an EN‐switch (downregulation of epithelial marker E‐cadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal marker N‐cadherin). Conversely, silencing of TWIST1 by siRNA inhibited cell invasion and the mesenchymal phenotype, which was accompanied by a reversion of the EN‐switch. We also observed a novel post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanism of TWIST1 expression mediated by miR‐106b via its direct interaction with TWIST1 mRNAs at the 3′‐untranslated region. Our data suggest that TWIST1 is a critical inducer of EMT in invasive EC cells and that miR‐106b could suppress EC cell invasion by downregulating TWIST1 expression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.