bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of different formulations and process parameters during the preparation of drug-loaded PLGA microspheres evaluated by multivariate data analysis
Authors: Vysloužil Jakub , Doležel Petr , Kejdušová Martina , Mašková Eliška , Mašek Josef , Lukáč Robert , Košťál Vratislav , Vetchý David , Dvořáčková Kateřina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the formulation and process parameters on PLGA microparticles containing a practically insoluble model drug (ibuprofen) prepared by the o/w solvent evaporation method. Multivariate data analysis was used. The effects of altered stirring speed of a mechanical stirrer (600, 1000 rpm), emulsifier concentrations (PVA concentration 0.1 %, 1 %) and solvent selection (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate) on microparticle characteristics (encapsulation efficiency, drug loading, burst effect) were observed. It was found that with increased stirring speed, the PVA concentration or the use of ethyl acetate had a significantly negative effect on encapsulation efficiency. In addition, ethyl acetate had an adverse effect on the burst effect, while increased stirring speed had the opposite effect. Drug load was not affected by any particular variable, but rather by the interactions of evaluated variables.
High-performance liquid chromatography and derivative spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of pravastatin and fenofibrate in the dosage form
Authors: Hefnawy Mohamed M. , Mohamed Mostafa S. , Abounassif Mohammed A. , Alanazi Amer M. , Mostafa Gamal A. E. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and second-order derivative spectrophotometry have been used for simultaneous determination of pravastatin (PS) and fenofibrate (FF) in pharmaceutical formulations. HPLC separation was performed on a phenyl HYPERSIL C18 column (125 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm particle diameter) in the isocratic mode using a mobile phase acetonitrile/0.1 % diethyl amine (50:50, V/V, pH 4.5) pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1. Measurement was made at 240 nm. Both drugs were well resolved on the stationary phase, with retention times of 2.15 and 5.79 min for PS and FF, respectively. Calibration curves were linear (R = 0.999 for PS and 0.996 for FF) in the concentration range of 5-50 and 20-200 µg mL-1 for PS and FF, respectively. Pravastatin and fenofibrate were quantitated in combined preparations also using the second-order derivative response at 237.6 and 295.1 nm for PS and FF, respectively. Calibration curves were linear, with the correlation coefficient R = 0.999 for pravastatin and fenofibrate, in the concentration range of 5-20 and 3-20 µg mL-1 for PS and FF, respectively. Both methods were fully validated and compared, the results confirmed that they were highly suitable for their intended purpose.
Seasonal phytochemical study and antimicrobial potential of Vetiveria zizanioides roots
Authors: Dos Santos Delair Silveira , Oberger Júlia Vieira , Niero Rivaldo , Wagner Theodoro , Delle Monache Franco , Cruz Alexandre Bella , Martin-Quintal Zhelmy , Cechinel Filho Valdir 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper describes the seasonal phytochemical variation and the antimicrobial potential of V. zizanioides roots collected in Brazil. Considering the high levels of chemical constituents and their biological activity in dichloromethane fraction, the plants were grown in different seasons and the respective dichloromethane fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against several pathogenic microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the agar dilution method. Yields of dichloromethane fractions from plants collected in the autumn and spring occurred in a higher proportion than in other seasons. Khusimol (2) was isolated by column chromatography and identified by NMR and CG-MS, along with other sesquiterpenes, including β-vetivenene (1), vetiselinenol (3), isovalencenol (4), vetivenic acid (5), α-vetivone (6) and β-vetivone (7). Some extracts showed promising antimicrobial effects, with MICs ranging from 31.25 to 500 μg mL-1. Kushimol was slightly active against the tested microorganisms.
Crystal, molecular and electronic structure of (5S,8aS)-5-methyl-4,6,7,8,8a,9-hexahydrothieno-[ 3,2-f] indolizinium iodide
Authors: Vrábel Viktor , Sivý Július , Šafař Peter , Žúžiová Jozefína 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The molecules of the title compound, C11H16NS·I, crystallize as single enantiomer with two stereogenic centre, their absolute configuration were confirmed by anomalous dispersion effects in diffraction measurements on the crystals. The conformation of the pyrrolidine ring is close to that of an envelope, with the flap atom N1 displaced by 0.661 (2) A from the plane of the oder remaining four atoms. The central six-membered ring of the indolizine moiety adopt a half-chair conformation with atom C5 displaced by -0.686 (2) Å from the plane of the oder remaining five atoms. The crystal structure of the title compound is stabilized by C-H···I···H-C hydrogen interactions.
Sample preparation procedures for analysis of organochlorinated pollutants and PAHs in surface water samples
Authors: Vyviurska Olga , Špánik Ivan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This review focuses on sample preparation procedures used for chromatographic analysis of the most common organochlorinated pollutants and PAHs in water samples. The studied pollutants have a long persistence in environment, possible carcinogenic effects, and their application has been banned in many countries. The standard ISO procedures with the modern sample preparation procedures were compared in the term of recovery effectiveness for target analytes.
Water effect on the bond dissociation energy of O–H and N–H bonds in phenol and aniline: The testing of simple molecular dynamics model
Authors: Michalík Martin , Vagánek Adam , Poliak Peter 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A chemical microsolvation model for solution phase bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) evaluation by means of molecular dynamics is presented. In this simple model, the primary solvent effect on the BDE values was estimated by placing of five water molecules nearby the studied functional groups evenly. Furthermore, the secondary solvent effect was reflected using the conductor like screening model (COSMO). From the quantum-chemical point of view, the molecular dynamics simulations based on the B3LYP functional in rather small basis set were performed. Despite of the constitutional limitations of the proposed model, the obtained O-H and N-H BDE values in phenol (363 kJ mol-1) and aniline (369 kJ mol-1) are in good agreement with the experimental solution phase data.
Autonomous Control System for a Squeeze Mode Mr Vibration Isolator in an Automotive Engine Mount
Authors: Rosół Maciej , Sapiński Bogdan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The investigated autonomous control system for a squeeze mode magnetorheological (MR) vibration isolator is based on an ultra-low power microcontroller MSP430F5529. The design structure of the control system and the dedicated real-time system are briefly presented and the laboratory testing data are summarised.
Functional and Structural Analysis of Wing Folding Mechanism Based on Cockchafer (Melolontha Melolontha)
Authors: Geisler Tomasz , Rosikoń Piotr , Sochacki Wojciech , Topczewska Sandra 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Insects are among nature’s most nimble flyers. In this paper we present the functional and structural analysis of wing joint mechanism. Detailed action of the axillary plates and their mutual interaction was also described. Because of the small dimensions of the wing joint elements and the limited resolution of the light microscope, the authors used a scanning electron microscope. Based upon the knowledge of working principles of beetle flight apparatus a wing joint mechanism kinematics model has been developed.
The Diagnostic System of A – 604 Automatic Transmission
Authors: Czaban Jaroslaw , Szpica Dariusz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Automatic gearbox gains increasing popularity in Europe. Little interest in diagnosis of such type of transmission in Poland results from the fact of small share in the whole market of operated cars, so there is a lack of availability of special diagnostic devices. These factors cause issues of expensive repairs, often involving a replacement of subassembly to new or aftermarket one. To a small extent some prophylactic diagnostic tests are conducted, which can eliminate future gearbox system failures. In the paper, the proposition of diagnostic system of popular A - 604 gearbox was presented. The authors are seeking for the possibility of using such type of devices to functional elaboration of gearboxes after renovation. The built system pursues the drive of the researched object, connected with simulated load, where special controller, replacing the original one, is responsible for controlling gearbox operation. This way is used to evaluate the mechanic and hydraulic parts' state. Analysis of signal runs, registered during measurements lets conclude about operation correctness, where as comparison with stock data verifies the technical state of an automatic gearbox.
Effect Of Chitosan Application On The Performance Of Lentil Genotypes Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Janmohammadi Mohsen , Mostafavi Hamid , Kazemi Hamid , Mahdavinia Gholam-Reza , Sabaghnia Naser 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In the current study, influences of chitosan solutions on morphological characteristics, growth and yield components of lentil (Lens culinaris Med.) under rainfed conditions have been investigated. A field experiment was conducted in the Northwest of Iran using a split-plot experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The response of twelve genotypes with different origins to chitosan application at the sowing (seed soaking), vegetative and reproductive stage (spraying chitosan onto leaves) was evaluated. Results revealed that chitosan application could significantly improve the number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight, grain yield per plant and harvest index in comparison to control plants. The comparison of yield components between chitosan treatments showed that spraying chitosan during the reproductive stage was more efficient than in other stages. However, the responses of the number of pods per plants and grain yield per plants to chitosan treatments were significantly different among the genotypes. Although the highest grain yield was recorded in the 78S 26013 genotype (from Jordan), its response to chitosan treatments was different from the other genotypes and showed the best performance in plants obtained from seed soaked in chitosan solutions. We suggest that the application of chitosan as an agronomic management strategy be further investigated for an efficient technique to induce resistance in lentil plants against biotic and drought stress in semi-arid regions.
Using Welding for Renovations of Machine Parts Made of Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Votava Jiří 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Due to their mechanical characteristics, aluminium alloys are materials with high potential in the automotive industry. Thus, it is useful to analyse the weldability of individual alloys, not only for possible renovations of a machine part. This paper focuses on monitoring a welded metal made by the coated electrode OK 96.20. An alloy EN AW 5754 was used as a base welding material. This base material was used in two modifications. Firstly, samples degraded in oil at a temperature of 80 °C, and secondly, samples in their standard form without grease. In the experiment, the porosity of weld beads as well as tension characteristics were analysed. In order to identify the corrosion degradation of weldments, the test was performed in compliance with the norm ČSN EN ISO 9227.
Risk Assessment Using Expanded Point Method in Civil Engineering
Authors: Žitňák Miroslav , Kollárová Katarína , Lendelová Jana , Dolejš Lukáš 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Nowadays, there are increasing discussions concerning an extensive area of occupational safety and health, whether is it within the territory of the Slovak Republic or in other Member States of the European Union. Every organization prepares independently its own policy of occupational safety and health using applicable legislation. The objective of this work was to minimize the errors resulting not only from the human factor but also from incorrect working procedures, from failing to observe legal requirements, and from an incorrect use of personal protective equipment. After evaluating the risk level in working activities of employees on site, we have proposed measures to reduce the risk by means of defining correct working procedures and using personal protective equipment. That enables reducing occupational injuries, which will directly improve the overall level of occupational safety and health on a selected site.
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of some types of red and white wines
Authors: Leahu Ana , Amariei Sonia , Damian Cristina , Oroian Mircea , Ropciuc Sorina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Samples of commercially available Romanian wines were analyzed in order to determine total phenols content and the antioxidant activity. The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/100g). Antiradical activities of the extracts were evaluated by a micro assay using 1, 1¢-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl spectrophotometric method. Wine characteristics measurements were examined by multivariate data analysis, using principal component analysis (PCA). Total polyphenol content was correlated to the antioxidant activity of the studied wine samples. The values of the inhibition power of free radical, PI%, are ranging between 1.68 for white wine and 0.95 for red wine (“Bull blood” bottled by Tohani winery, Prahova, Romania).
Statistical analysis of yield trials by AMMI analysis of genotype × environment interaction
Authors: Hongyu Kuang , García-Peña Marisol , Araújo Lúcio Borges de , Santos Dias Carlos Tadeu dos 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The genotype by environment interaction (GEI)) has an influence on the selection and recommendation of cultivars. The aim of this work is to study the effect of GEI and evaluate the adaptability and stability of productivity (kg/ha) of nine maize genotypes using AMMI model (Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction). The AMMI model is one of the most widely used statistical tools in the analysis of multiple-environment trials. It has two purposes, namely understanding complex GEI and increasing accuracy. Nevertheless, the AMMI model is a widely used tool for the analysis of multiple-environment trials, where the data are represented by a two-way table of GEI means. In the complete tables, least squares estimation for the AMMI model is equivalent to fitting an additive two-way ANOVA model for the main effects and applying a singular value decomposition to the interaction residuals. It assumes equal weights for all GEI means implicitly. The experiments were conducted in twenty environments, and the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The AMMI model identified the best combinations of genotypes and environments with respect to the response variable. This paper concerns a basic and a common application of AMMI: yield-trial analysis without consideration of special structure or additional data for either genotypes or environments.
Control treatments in designs with split units generated by Latin squares
Authors: Kuriki Shinji , Mejza Iwona , Ozawa Kazuhiro , Mejza Stanisław 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with two-factor experiments with split units. The whole plot treatments occur in a repeated Latin square, modified Latin square or Youden square, while subplot treatments occur in a block design within the whole plots. The statistical properties of the considered designs are examined. Special attention is paid to the case where one of the treatments is an individual control or an individual standard treatment. In addition, we give a brief overview of work on the design of experiments using the considered designs, as well as possible arrangements of controls in the experiments.
An evaluation of the efficiency of plant protection products via nonlinear statistical methods – a simulation study
Authors: Skotarczak Ewa , Bakinowska Ewa , Tomaszyk Kamila 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A nonlinear statistical approach was used to evaluate the efficiency of plant protection products. The methodology presented can be implemented when the observations in an experiment are recorded as success or failure. This occurs, for example, when following the application of a herbicide or pesticide, a single weed or insect is classified as alive (failure) or dead (success). Then a higher probability of success means a higher efficiency of the tested product. Using simulated data sets, a comparison was made of three methods based on the logit, probit and threshold models, with special attention to the effect of sample size and number of replications on the accuracy of the estimation of probabilities.
Chlamydia in birds - occurrence, new species and zoonotic potential – a review
Authors: Mitura Agata , Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika , Niemczuk Krzysztof , Anara Jeleusizowa 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Chlamydiales, one of the oldest bacterial orders in evolutionary terms, are widespread among animals. Blinding trachoma, a disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, was already known in ancient times, whereas modern reports on psittacosis date from 1879. Though these pathogens have long been known and lead to serious health problems both in human and animals, data on Chlamydiales biology has been limited. It is due to their intracellular life style and complex developmental cycle. New molecular biological methods have been recently developed expanding the possibilities of chlamydial research and diagnosis. This paper reviews data concerning avian chlamydiosis, its aetiological agent C. psittaci, newly proposed species isolated from birds, namely C. ibidis sp. nov., C. avium sp. nov., and C. gallinacea sp. nov., and their zoonotic potential.
LC-MS/MS analysis of doxycycline residues in chicken tissues after oral administration
Authors: Gajda Anna , Posyniak Andrzej , Tomczyk Grzegorz 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For the purpose of quantitative determination of doxycycline (DC) residues in tissues, a sensitive liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed. The method was used to determine DC residues in chicken tissues (breast and thigh muscle, liver and kidney) after oral administration with drinking water to five-weak-old broiler chickens. The DC was administered for five consecutive days at a therapeutic dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. once a day. The tissues were collected after 6 h, 24 h, 7 d, and 8 d. The method was validated and the decision limit was established for muscle - 109.2 μg/kg, for liver - 326.1 μg/kg, and for kidney - 634.0 μg/kg. The detection limit was 2 μg/kg and the limit of quantification was 5 μg/kg. In a short period after ceasing the treatment, the detected concentrations of DC were much higher than the established maximum residue limit values. The highest residue concentrations of DC were observed in the kidney, followed by the liver and muscle. The lowest concentration of DC was determined in tight muscle.
Amphenicols stability in medicated feed – development and validation of liquid chromatography method
Authors: Pietro Wojciech Jerzy , Woźniak Aneta , Pasik Katarzyna , Cybulski Wojciech , Krasucka Dorota 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method for the determination of florfenicol (FF) and thiamphenicol (TAP) in feeds is presented. The method comprises the extraction of analytes from the matrix with a mixture of methanol and acetonitrile, drying of the extract, and its dissolution in phosphate buffer. The analysis was performed with a gradient programme of the mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and buffer (pH = 7.3) on a Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) analytical column with UV (λ = 220 nm) detection. The analytical procedure has been successfully adopted and validated for quantitative determination of florfenicol and thiamphenicol in feed samples. Sensitivity, specificity, linearity, repeatability, and intralaboratory reproducibility were included in the validation. The mean recovery of amphenicols was 93.5% within the working range of 50-4000 mg/kg. Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, which is banned in the feed, was also included within the same procedure of FF and TAP stability studies. Storing the medicated feed at room temperature for up to one month decreased concentration in the investigated drugs even by 45%. These findings are relevant to successful provision of therapy to animals.
Mitochondrial D-loop mutations can be detected in sporadic malignant tumours in dogs
Authors: Ślaska Brygida , Surdyka Magdalena , Brodzki Adam , Nisztuk Sylwia , Gurgul Artur , Bugno-Poniewierska Monika , Śmiech Anna , Różańska Dorota , Orzelski Maciej 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify mutations in the D-loop region of mtDNA in head, neck, and limb tumours in dogs, and determination of their relationship with the process of neoplastic transformation. Blood and tumour tissue samples from 19 dogs with diagnosed sporadic malignant tumours were analysed. DNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the mtDNA D-loop, and bioinformatic analyses were performed. Five mutations and 19 polymorphisms were observed in 68.42% of all tumours. Polymorphic variants were noted in 42.86% of the head and neck tumours and in 58.33% of the limb tumours. Mutations were observed in 21.05% of dogs. The mutations were found in 28.57% of the head and neck tumours and in 16.66% of the limb tumours. The mutations were identified in 50% of the studied epithelial cancers. In the mesenchymal tumours, no mutations in the D-loop region were observed. Mitochondrial haplotype A17 was found in over 40% cases of limb tumours. No association between the age, breed, sex, type of tumour, and detected polymorphic variants were observed. Different mutational changes in the D-loop sequences of mtDNA identified in the blood and tumour tissues may indicate a relationship between the type of tumour and individual changes in the D-loop nucleotide sequences of mtDNA.
Somatostatin-like immunoreactive primary sensory neurons supplying the porcine adrenal glands in physiological conditions and after adrenalectomy
Authors: Gonkowski Sławomir 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Retrograde neuronal tracing, using fast blue, in combination with a single-labelling immunofluorescence technique, was applied to determine whether somatostatin (SOM) participates in sensory innervating of the porcine adrenal glands in physiological conditions and after adrenalectomy. In control animals, SOM-like immunoreactive neurons comprised 7.0 ± 0.7% of adrenal gland-projecting cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) at neuromeres Th6-7 and 6.5 ± 1.2% at neuromeres Th12-14. After adrenalectomy the percentage of SOM-positive DRG cells considerably increased and attained the level of 44.7 ± 2.5% at neuromeres Th6-7 and 36.6 ± 1.7% at neuromeres Th12-14. The obtained results demonstrate that SOM is not only a neuromediator within sensory neurones supplying the porcine adrenal glands, but also suggest the role of this substance during repairing processes within the nervous system after adrenalectomy.