bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutational landscape of lacrimal gland carcinomas and implications for treatment
Authors: Bell Diana , Sniegowski Matthew C. , Wani Khalida , Prieto Victor , Esmaeli Bita 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundLacrimal gland carcinomas are rare. Identification of molecular abnormalities underlying lacrimal gland carcinogenesis is critical to the development of new targeted therapies for lacrimal gland carcinomas. The purpose of our study was to look for mutations that can be targeted as new treatments for lacrimal gland carcinomas.MethodsGenomic DNA from patients with lacrimal gland epithelial neoplasms was analyzed. The Sequenom matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass ARRAY platform was used to profile 168 common oncogenic point mutations in 40 genes. Mutation frequency was assessed overall and by histologic diagnosis. These genetic mutations were then correlated with clinical outcomes in the patients.ResultsThe study included 14 men and 10 women with a median age of 45 years (range, 17–75 years). The histologic diagnoses were as follows: adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 16), low‐grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (n = 2), high‐grade carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (n = 2), squamous carcinoma (n = 1), and pleomorphic adenoma (n = 3). Analysis revealed 18 oncogenic mutations in 13 patients: KRAS mutations in 10 patients (46%), NRAS mutations in 2 patients (8%), MET mutations in 3 patients (13%), PIK3CA mutation in 1 patient (4%), and BRAF mutation in no patients. About half of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma had oncogenic mutations (7 of 16; 44%). Of the 16 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, 5 had KRAS mutations, 1 had MET mutations, and 1 had an NRAS mutation.ConclusionKRAS, NRAS, and MET mutations are frequent in epithelial neoplasms of the lacrimal gland, with the highest rate of mutations found in adenoid cystic carcinoma. Therapies targeting these genes may be effective treatments for lacrimal gland carcinomas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 38: E–E, 2016
Oral lichen planus patients exhibit consistent chromosomal numerical aberrations: A follow‐up analysis
Authors: Yahalom Ran , Yarom Noam , Shani Tali , Amariglio Ninet , Kaplan Ilana , Trakhtenbrot Luba , Hirshberg Abraham 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundOral lichen planus (OLP) carries an increased risk for malignant transformation with aneuploid cells (ACs) being found in brush samples of a quarter of patients with OLP.MethodsPatients with OLP were followed and repeated brush samples were simultaneously analyzed for morphology and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) using centromeric probes for chromosomes 2 and 8.Results. Three patients with a high proportion of ACs developed oral cancer. Fifteen patients had ≥1% ACs (13 in affected sites and 2 in nonaffected sites), whereas only 2 of the 15 patients with <1% ACs in the first sample had ≥1% ACs in the second sample. A strong positive correlation between the results of the initial and repeated samples was found.ConclusionHigh proportion of ACs in brush samples from patients with OLP may imply an impending malignant transformation. As FISH analysis is consistent over time, it can be used to identify a subgroup of patients who would require close follow‐up. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E741–E746, 2016
Recurrent sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid: Outcome after postoperative reirradiation
Authors: Sahai Puja , Shukla Nootan Kumar , Arora Saurabh , Mohanti Bidhu Kalyan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was for us to describe a case of recurrent sebaceous carcinoma treated with postoperative reirradiation.MethodsA 38‐year‐old man was diagnosed with sebaceous carcinoma of the right lower eyelid. The patient developed local recurrence 4 times, with the first one at 30 months after the excision. The first local recurrence was treated with excision and postoperative radiotherapy with 60 Gy/30 fractions/6 weeks. He manifested preauricular nodal metastasis with the third local recurrence, which was confirmed with 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐CT (18F‐FDG PET‐CT). He received 2 courses of adjuvant reirradiation to the right orbit with 45 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks and 30 Gy/15 fractions/3 weeks, respectively.ResultsThe patient was successfully treated with no evidence of locoregional recurrence at 2 years after the cancer‐directed therapy. The patient's follow‐up from the date of diagnosis has been 9 years.ConclusionAdjuvant reirradiation with modest doses may be considered with a view to provide disease control and long‐term survival. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E16–E19, 2016
Expression of spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyl transferase (SSAT) in human prostate tissues is related to prostate cancer progression and metastasis
Authors: Huang Wei , Eickhoff Jens C. , Mehraein‐Ghomi Farideh , Church Dawn R. , Wilding George , Basu Hirak S. 
Published: April 2015

INTRODUCTIONProstate cancer (PCa) in many patients remains indolent for the rest of their lives, but in some patients, it progresses to lethal metastatic disease. Gleason score is the current clinical method for PCa prognosis. It cannot reliably identify aggressive PCa, when GS is ≤ 7. It is shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in PCa progression. We have shown that in cultured human PCa cells, an activation of spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyl transferase (SSAT; EC 2.3.1.57) enzyme initiates a polyamine oxidation pathway and generates copious amounts of reactive oxygen species in polyamine‐rich PCa cells.METHODWe used RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry methods to detect SSAT mRNA and protein expression in two tissue microarrays (TMA) created from patient's prostate tissues. We analyzed 423 patient's prostate tissues in the two TMAs.RESULTSOur data show that there is a significant increase in both SSAT mRNA and the enzyme protein in the PCa cells as compared to their benign counterpart. This increase is even more pronounced in metastatic PCa tissues as compared to the PCa localized in the prostate. In the prostatectomy tissues from early‐stage patients, the SSAT protein level is also high in the tissues obtained from the patients who ultimately progress to advanced metastatic disease.DISCUSSIONBased on these results combined with published data from our and other laboratories, we propose an activation of an autocrine feed‐forward loop of PCa cell proliferation in the absence of androgen as a possible mechanism of castrate‐resistant prostate cancer growth. Prostate 75: 1150–1159, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the Lifecycle Performance of Engineering Projects with Flexible Strategies: Example of On‐Shore LNG Production Design
Authors: Cardin Michel‐Alexandre , Ranjbar‐Bourani Mehdi , de Neufville Richard 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an innovative flexibility analysis as a practical, effective procedure to improve the expected value of large‐scale, capital‐intensive projects when there is market uncertainty. Its novelty lies in its approach and scope. Its approach develops understanding of the drivers of the value of flexibility, so as to build acceptance among decision‐makers. Its scope explicitly considers the combined effects of uncertainty, economies of scale, learning, and geographic distribution. It demonstrates how these factors combine to impact the benefits of flexibility in the early stages of design and project evaluation in the context of uncertainty. It makes this point through a specific example: the long‐term deployment of liquefied natural gas (LNG) technology to supply the transportation market. It contrasts the base case fixed design (a big centralized production facility) with flexible modular designs that phase capacity additions over time and space. The proposed flexibility method compares design alternatives based on several indicators of economic lifecycle performance (Net Present Value (NPV), Initial Capex, etc.). Results indicate that flexible modular deployment strategies can significantly improve the economic performance of large, expensive projects. As sensitivity analyses show, the improvements can be significant over a wide range of analytical assumptions. An important insight is that higher learning rates increase the benefits of flexibility, counteracting the effects of economies of scale. Overall, the study shows that flexibility in engineering design of major production facilities such as LNG plants has multiple, supporting advantages due to uncertainty, learning, and location.
Hexagrid – hexagonal tube structures for tall buildings: patterns, modeling, and design
Authors: Montuori Giovanni Maria , Fadda Monica , Perrella Gianpaolo , Mele Elena 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper provides a first insight on tube configurations based on the hexagonal shape (hexagrid) for tall buildings. The idea is to investigate the mechanical properties of hexagrid to assess their applicability in tall buildings and to compare their potential efficiency to the more popular diagrid systems.For the above purposes, a general homogenization approach has been established for dealing with any structural patterns, and a methodology for characterizing the structural patterns from the mechanical point of view has been developed and specified for hexagrids and diagrids. Then on the basis of a simple stiffness criterion, a design procedure has been proposed and applied to a tall building case study, and several structural solutions (both hexagrids and diagrids) have been designed and assessed by varying the major geometrical parameters of the patterns. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between fetal growth, cerebral blood flow and neurodevelopmental outcome in univentricular fetuses
Authors: Hahn E. , Szwast A. , Cnota J. , Levine J. C. , Fifer C. G. , Jaeggi E. , Andrews H. , Williams I. A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the association of fetal growth and cerebrovascular resistance at different periods in gestation with neurodevelopment (ND) at 14 months in the univentricular subject.MethodsWe reviewed serial prenatal ultrasound (US) examinations from 133 infants enrolled in the Pediatric Heart Network's Single Ventricle Reconstruction or Infants with Single Ventricle trials, including a subset of 82 infants in whomNDwas assessed at 14 months using mental (MDI) and psychomotor (PDI) developmental indices.USexaminations were assigned to one of four gestational time periods: (1) 20–23 weeks, (2) 24–29 weeks, (3) 30–33 weeks and (4) ≥ 34 weeks. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity was measured and pulsatility index (PI), a measure of downstream resistance, was calculated. Data on fetal head circumference (HC), femur length, abdominal circumference (AC) and estimated fetal weight (EFW) were collected and theirZ‐scores were calculated. We evaluated the rate of change of these parameters over time within individuals, tested correlations between fetal growth andNDand assessed predictors ofNDusing linear regression.ResultsThe mean prenatalHCZ‐score was < 0 at each gestational‐age period and became more negative later in pregnancy. There was less growth inHCfrom time period 3 to period 4 compared with from period 2 to 3 (ΔHCZ‐score, −0.07 ± 0.1vs0.11 ± 0.22,P= 0.03). ThoughNDdid not correlate withHC,HCZ‐score orMCA‐PIZ‐score,HCgrowth from period 2 to period 3 correlated withMDI(r= 0.45,P= 0.047).ACZ‐score in period 4 predictedMDI(β = 4.02,P= 0.04).EFWZ‐score andACZ‐score in period 2 predictedPDI(β = 10.6,P= 0.04 and β = 3.29,P= 0.047, respectively). LowerMCA‐PIat initialUSpredicted higherPDI(β = −14.7,P= 0.03).ConclusionIn univentricular fetuses, lower cerebrovascular resistance may be protective forND. Decreased fetal somatic growth may predict developmental abnormalities. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Behavioral effects of neonatal lesions on the cerebellar system
Authors: Lalonde Robert , Strazielle Catherine 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSeveral rodent models with spontaneous mutations causing cerebellar pathology are impaired in motor functions during the neonatal period, including Grid2Lc, Rorasg, Dab1scm, Girk2Wv, Lmx1adr‐sst, Myo5adn, Inpp4awbl, and Cacna1arol mice as well as shaker and dystonic rats. Deficits are also evident in murine null mutants such as Zic1, Fgfr1/FgFr2, and Xpa/Ercc8. Behavioral deficits are time‐dependent following X‐irradiated‐ or aspiration‐induced lesions of the cerebellum in rats. In addition, motor functions are deficient after lesions in cerebellar‐related pathways. As in animal subjects, sensorimotor disturbances have been described in children with cerebellar lesions. These results underline the importance of the cerebellum and its connections in the development of motor functions.
WELFARE EFFECTS OF U.S. LIBERTY LINK RICE CONTAMINATION
Authors: THOMPSON JADA , WAILES ERIC , DURAND-MORAT ALVARO , LEISTER AMANDA 
Published: April 2015

AbstractUnited States consumer confidence in food safety is an increasingly more prominent issue in food production and marketing. Estimating the welfare effects of a breakdown in the supply chain can provide a benchmark for the cost of potential future events. In 2006, United States long grain rice stocks were contaminated with an unapproved genetically modified rice variety causing trade disruptions predominantly between the United States and the European Union. Using a spatial partial equilibrium model the economic effects of European policy on bilateral trade flows and prices during this event was an estimated loss of $421.3 million US dollars.
Evaluation of a nutrient-rich food index score in the Netherlands
Authors: Sluik Diewertje , Streppel Martinette T. , van Lee Linde , Geelen Anouk , Feskens Edith J. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNutrient-rich food (NRF) index scores are dietary quality indices based on nutrient density. We studied the design aspects involved in the development and validation of NRF index scores, using the Dutch consumption data and guidelines as an example. We evaluated fifteen NRF index scores against the Dutch Healthy Diet Index (DHD-index), a measure of adherence to the Dutch dietary guidelines, and against energy density. The study population included 2106 adults from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010. The index scores were composed of beneficial nutrients (protein, fibre, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals), nutrients to limit (saturated fat, sugar, Na) or a combination. Moreover, the influence of methodological decisions was studied, such as the choice of calculation basis (100 g or 100 kcal (418 kJ)). No large differences existed in the prediction of the DHD-index by the fifteen NRF index scores. The score that best predicted the DHD-index included nine beneficial nutrients and three nutrients to limit on a 100-kcal basis, the NRF9.3 with a model R2 of 0·34. The scores were quite robust with respect to sex, BMI and differences in calculation methods. The NRF index scores were correlated with energy density, but nutrient density better predicted the DHD-index than energy density. Consumption of vegetables, cereals and cereal products, and dairy products contributed most to the individual NRF9.3 scores. In conclusion, many methodological considerations underlie the development and evaluation of nutrient density models. These decisions may depend upon the purpose of the model, but should always be based upon scientific, objective and transparent criteria.
Vaccination of sheep and cattle against haemonchosis
Authors: Bassetto C.C. , Amarante A.F.T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractVaccines against gastrointestinal nematodes are one potential option for the control of parasitic gastroenteritis in ruminants. Excretory/secretory (E/S) and hidden antigens are being studied as candidates for vaccines against Haemonchus spp., which is a major parasite in cattle and small ruminants that are raised in warm climates. Protection has been observed after vaccination with some E/S proteases, particularly cysteine proteases and with some glycans that are abundant on the surfaces and in the secretory products of helminths. However, the most promising results are being obtained with glycoprotein antigens extracted from the microvillar surfaces of the Haemonchus contortus intestinal cells. These antigens are called ‘hidden′ because they are not exposed to the host's immune system during infection. Thus far, recombinant forms of these antigens have not been usefully protective. However, because only 5 μg of antigen is required per dose, production of a native antigen vaccine from adult parasites has been found to be practical and commercially viable. Trials indicate that a vaccine made from one particular isolate will cross-protect against geographically distant isolates.
A comparison of sequence and length polymorphism for genotypingCryptosporidiumisolates
Authors: WIDMER G. , CACCIÒ S. M. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYSimple sequence repeat markers have played an important role in elucidating the epidemiology of human and animal cryptosporidiosis. The drawback of sequence length polymorphisms is that nucleotide substitutions remain undetected. As some laboratories have opted for using length polymorphisms, while others have relied on sequencing, there is a need to compare both methods. We used a diversified set of unique length polymorphisms and matching nucleotide sequences to assess the ability of each genotyping protocol to discern clusters of relatedCryptosporidium parvumisolates. We found a weak correlation between the two distance measures for individual markers. This analysis was extended to four-locus genotypes based on sequence length data or concatenated sequences from the same loci. We interrogated these data to assess whether one would reach the same conclusions regardless of the genotyping method. Clusters of isolates generated with the concatenated sequences were not observed with amplicon length, indicating that inferences on the structure of aCryptosporidiumpopulation depend on the genotyping method. Moreover, isolate clusters derived from concatenated sequences were dependent on the algorithm used to calculate distances. These results emphasize the need for harmonizing genotyping tools, not only by selecting informative markers, but also by standardizing the entire genotyping method.
Trade Reform and Institution Building: Peru and Argentina under the WTO
Authors: BARACAT ELÍAS A. , FINGER J. MICHAEL , THORNE RAÚL LEÓN , NOGUÉS JULIO J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBeyond removing restrictions, trade reform in Latin American in the 1980s and 1990s was in significant part an attempt to change the domestic politics of trade and to reformulate the culture of policy management by introducing procedural characteristics that WTO trade remedy rules advance. This paper examines how trade reform in Peru and Argentina has gone since the reforms of the 1990s. Peru provides a valuable example of sustaining reforms. Leaders have used negotiations and other international instruments to disseminate among Peruvians a positive vision of Peru in the international economy, and to extend the application of WTO-based governance principles. Peru has introduced few new restrictions and all of them have been through WTO-sanctioned policy instruments. Argentina, on the other hand, has introduced multiple restrictions, through procedures that eschew WTO governance principles. Moreover, leaders there have returned trade politics to thedependenciaphilosophy that sees the international economy as an exploitive environment.The paper brings out the weakness of international obligations to limit Argentina's return to import substitution and the pains at which Peru has gone to maintain the management of its economy within the same rules that Argentina has so easily violated. To have commercial value, the GATT/WTO principle that members applyonlyapproved methods of trade control must have operational expression innationalinstitutions.
Visualization of electrochemically driven solid-state phase transformations using operando hard X-ray spectro-imaging
Authors: Li Linsen , Chen-Wiegart Yu-chen Karen , Wang Jiajun , Gao Peng , Ding Qi , Yu Young-Sang , Wang Feng , Cabana Jordi , Wang Jun , Jin Song 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn situ techniques with high temporal, spatial and chemical resolution are key to understand ubiquitous solid-state phase transformations, which are crucial to many technological applications. Hard X-ray spectro-imaging can visualize electrochemically driven phase transformations but demands considerably large samples with strong absorption signal so far. Here we show a conceptually new data analysis method to enable operando visualization of mechanistically relevant weakly absorbing samples at the nanoscale and study electrochemical reaction dynamics of iron fluoride, a promising high-capacity conversion cathode material. In two specially designed samples with distinctive microstructure and porosity, we observe homogeneous phase transformations during both discharge and charge, faster and more complete Li-storage occurring in porous polycrystalline iron fluoride, and further, incomplete charge reaction following a pathway different from conventional belief. These mechanistic insights provide guidelines for designing better conversion cathode materials to realize the promise of high-capacity lithium-ion batteries.
Epigenomic evolution in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Pan Heng , Jiang Yanwen , Boi Michela , Tabbò Fabrizio , Redmond David , Nie Kui , Ladetto Marco , Chiappella Annalisa , Cerchietti Leandro , Shaknovich Rita , Melnick Ari M. , Inghirami Giorgio G. , Tam Wayne , Elemento Olivier 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe contribution of epigenomic alterations to tumour progression and relapse is not well characterized. Here we characterize an association between disease progression and DNA methylation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). By profiling genome-wide DNA methylation at single-base pair resolution in thirteen DLBCL diagnosis–relapse sample pairs, we show that DLBCL patients exhibit heterogeneous evolution of tumour methylomes during relapse. We identify differentially methylated regulatory elements and determine a relapse-associated methylation signature converging on key pathways such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor activity. We also observe decreased intra-tumour methylation heterogeneity from diagnosis to relapsed tumour samples. Relapse-free patients display lower intra-tumour methylation heterogeneity at diagnosis compared with relapsed patients in an independent validation cohort. Furthermore, intra-tumour methylation heterogeneity is predictive of time to relapse. Therefore, we propose that epigenomic heterogeneity may support or drive the relapse phenotype and can be used to predict DLBCL relapse.