bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathological uncoupling between amplitude and connectivity of brain fluctuations in epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Xu Qiang , Liao Wei , Wang Zhengge , Li Qian , Yang Fang , Zhang Zongjun , Liu Yijun , Lu Guangming 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAmplitude and functional connectivity are two fundamental parameters for describing the spontaneous brain fluctuations. These two parameters present close coupling in physiological state, and present different alteration patterns in epilepsy revealed by functional MRI (fMRI). We hypothesized that the alteration of coupling between these two imaging parameters may be underpinned by specific pathological factors of epilepsy, and can be employed to improve the capability for epileptic focus detection. Forty‐seven patients (26 left‐ and 21 right‐sided) with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) and 32 healthy controls underwent resting‐state fMRI scans. All patients were detected to have interictal epileptic discharges on simultaneous electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings. Amplitude‐connectivity coupling was calculated by correlating amplitude and functional connectivity density of low‐frequency brain fluctuations. We observed reduced amplitude‐connectivity coupling associated with epileptic discharges in the mesial temporal regions in both groups of patients, and increased coupling associated with epilepsy durations in the posterior regions of the default‐mode network in the right‐sided patients. Moreover, we proposed a new index of amplitude subtracting connectivity, which elevated imaging contrast for differentiating the patients from the controls. The findings indicated that epileptic discharges and chronic damaging effect of epilepsy might both contribute to alterations of amplitude‐connectivity coupling in different pivotal regions in mTLE. Investigation on imaging coupling provides synergistic approach for describing brain functional changing features in epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2756–2766, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship of medial temporal lobe atrophy, APOE genotype, and cognitive reserve in preclinical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Soldan Anja , Pettigrew Corinne , Lu Yi , Wang Mei‐Cheng , Selnes Ola , Albert Marilyn , Brown Timothy , Ratnanather J. Tilak , Younes Laurent , Miller Michael I. ,   The BIOCARD Research Team
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the utility of baseline and longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of medial temporal lobe brain regions collected when participants were cognitively normal and largely in middle age (mean age 57 years) to predict the time to onset of clinical symptoms associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Furthermore, we examined whether the relationship between MRI measures and clinical symptom onset was modified by apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype and level of cognitive reserve (CR). MRI scans and measures of CR were obtained at baseline from 245 participants who had been followed for up to 18 years (mean follow‐up 11 years). A composite score based on reading, vocabulary, and years of education was used as an index of CR. Cox regression models showed that lower baseline volume of the right hippocampus and smaller baseline thickness of the right entorhinal cortex predicted the time to symptom onset independently of CR and ApoE‐ɛ4 genotype, which also predicted the onset of symptoms. The atrophy rates of bilateral entorhinal cortex and amygdala volumes were also associated with time to symptom onset, independent of CR, ApoE genotype, and baseline volume. Only one measure, the left entorhinal cortex baseline volume, interacted with CR, such that smaller volumes predicted symptom onset only in individuals with lower CR. These results suggest that MRI measures of medial temporal atrophy, ApoE‐ɛ4 genotype, and the protective effects of higher CR all predict the time to onset of symptoms associated with MCI in a largely independent, additive manner during the preclinical phase of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 36:2826–2841, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gamification
Authors: Kingsley Tara L. , Grabner‐Hagen Melissa M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article showcases the use of gamification as a means to turn an existing curriculum into a game‐based learning environment. The purpose of this article is to examine how gamification, coupled with effective pedagogy, can support the acquisition of 21st‐century skills. Gamifying content allows students to earn experience points, badges, and awards to “level up” through the curriculum by completing quests. We discuss the theoretical framework, New Literacies theory, which has informed our case study of one teacher's journey using gamification. We align our case study within two educational reforms and initiatives: the Common Core State Standards and Partnership for 21st Century Skills. Survey results and teacher interview data are provided.
Support vector machine classification of brain metastasis and radiation necrosis based on texture analysis in MRI
Authors: Larroza Andrés , Moratal David , Paredes‐Sánchez Alexandra , Soria‐Olivas Emilio , Chust María L. , Arribas Leoncio A. , Arana Estanislao 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo develop a classification model using texture features and support vector machine in contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted images to differentiate between brain metastasis and radiation necrosis.MethodsTexture features were extracted from 115 lesions: 32 of them previously diagnosed as radiation necrosis, 23 as radiation‐treated metastasis and 60 untreated metastases; including a total of 179 features derived from six texture analysis methods. A feature selection technique based on support vector machine was used to obtain a subset of features that provide optimal performance.ResultsThe highest classification accuracy evaluated over test sets was achieved with a subset of ten features when the untreated metastases were not considered; and with a subset of seven features when the classifier was trained with untreated metastases and tested on treated ones. Receiver operating characteristic curves provided area‐under‐the‐curve (mean ± standard deviation) of 0.94 ± 0.07 in the first case, and 0.93 ± 0.02 in the second.ConclusionHigh classification accuracy (AUC > 0.9) was obtained using texture features and a support vector machine classifier in an approach based on conventional MRI to differentiate between brain metastasis and radiation necrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1362–1368.
HIV Tat protein: Is Tat‐C much trickier than Tat‐B?
Authors: Johri Manish Kumar , Sharma Nikhil , Singh Sunit K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOut of various subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1), subtype B and C cause most of the infections worldwide. Clade specific differences have been reported in differences in clinical picture of HIV pathogenesis. Transcription of the HIV‐1 genome is regulated by the interaction of HIV Tat protein to the trans‐activation response (TAR) element. The differential binding of clade B and C Tat proteins to TAR and differences in activation of NF‐κB cascade leading to differential transactivation capacity and cytokine expression has been examined in this study. More stable Tat‐TAR complex formation by Tat‐C revealed by EMSA and higher TNF‐α expression shown by Tat‐C compared to Tat‐B leads to higher NF‐κB activation, which may be plausible cause for higher transactivation by Tat‐C as obtained by FACS analysis. This comparative study would be helpful in understanding the basic mechanism of clade specific Tat protein differences and their functional relationships. J. Med. Virol. 87:1334–1343, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of rotator cuff deficiency on structure, mechanical properties, and gene expression profiles of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT): Implications for management of the LHBT during primary shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Kurdziel Michael D. , Moravek James E. , Wiater Brett P. , Davidson Abigail , Seta Joseph , Maerz Tristan , Baker Kevin C. , Wiater J. Michael 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) occupies a unique proximal intra‐articular and distal extra‐articular position within the human shoulder. In the presence of a rotator cuff (RC) tear, the LHBT is recruited into an accelerated role undergoing potential mechanical and biochemical degeneration. Intra‐articular sections of the LHBT were harvested during primary shoulder arthroplasty from patients with an intact or deficient RC. LHBTs were stained (H&E, Alcian Blue) and subjected to histologic analysis using the semiquantitative Bonar scale and measurement of collagen orientation. LHBTs (n = 12 per group) were also subjected to gene‐expression analyses via an RT2‐PCR Profiler Array quantifying 84 genes associated with cell‐cell and cell‐matrix interactions. LHBTs (n = 18 per group) were biomechanically tested with both stress‐relaxation and load‐to‐failure protocols and subsequently modeled with the Quasilinear Viscoelastic (QLV) and Structural‐Based Elastic (SBE) models. While no histologic differences were observed, significant differences in mechanical testing, and viscoelastic modeling parameters were found. PCR arrays identified five genes that were differentially expressed between RC‐intact and RC‐deficient LHBT groups. LHBTs display signs of pathology regardless of RC status in the arthroplasty population, which may be secondary to both glenohumeral joint arthritis and the additional mechanical role of the LHBT in this population. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1158–1164, 2015.
Combined local and systemic antibiotic treatment is effective against experimental Staphylococcus aureus peri‐implant biofilm infection
Authors: van der Horst Anna S. , Medda Suman , Ledbetter Ethan , Liu Alexander , Weinhold Paul , Del Gaizo Daniel J. , Dahners Laurence 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that systemic ceftriaxone and high concentration local antibiotics might eradicate peri‐implant sepsis. Experiment 1: Eighty‐four implants inoculated with biofilm‐forming Staphylococcus aureus were treated in vitro with gentamicin, vancomycin, gentamicin + rifampin, or vancomycin + rifampin for 2, 4, or 8 days. Experiment 2: Forty‐five implants were wired in vivo to rat femurs and inoculated with 1 × 106 CFU S. aureus. After 48 h, rats were treated once daily for 5 days with systemic ceftriaxone, local tobramycin or ceftriaxone, and tobramycin. Experiment 3: Forty implants with established S. aureus biofilms were wired in vivo to rat femurs. After 48 h, rats were treated with systemic ceftriaxone alone or in combination with local gentamicin, gentamicin and rifampin, or vancomycin. Experiment 1: 100% of implants treated in vitro with gentamicin were sterile after 48 h. The other treatments did not become sterile until 4 days. Experiment 2: No implant was culture negative. The combination of systemic ceftriaxone and local tobramycin was significantly better than others (p < 0.008). Experiment 3: Systemic ceftriaxone alone was ineffective. All implants treated with systemic ceftriaxone and local gentamicin were sterile (p < 0.001), the other groups were less effective. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1320–1326, 2015.
An effective way to achieve full color cholesteric liquid crystal displays with single liquid crystal mixture and layer
Authors: Jin Yan , Hong Zhe , Kwon Soon‐Bum 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTwo‐step ultraviolet exposure method to achieve flexible color cholesteric LCD with single liquid crystal mixture and layer was proposed. The first step for polymer wall formation via photo‐polymerization induced phase separation and second step for color rendering with the photo‐sensitive chiral dopant were independently carried out without the interference of ultraviolet reaction using proper band‐pass filer. This display has good color performance and mechanical stability, which can be also driven by simplified driving circuit so that it would be a substantive solution for color flexible displays.
Neutrophil‐lymphocyte and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio in patients after resection for hepato‐pancreatico‐biliary malignancies
Authors: Spolverato G. , Maqsood H. , Kim Y. , Margonis GA. , Luo T. , Ejaz A. , Pawlik TM. 
Published: April 2015

Background and ObjectivesWe sought to determine whether Neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) or platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were associated with outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for a hepatopancreatico‐biliary (HPB) malignancy.MethodBetween 2000 and 2013, 452 patients who underwent an HPB procedure for a malignant indication were identified. Clinicopathological characteristics, NLR, and PLR, as well as short‐ and long‐term outcomes were analyzed. High NLR and PLR were classified using a cut‐off value of 5 and 190, respectively, based on ROC curve analysis.ResultsPatients with low versus high NLR and PLR had similar baseline characteristics with regard to performance status and tumor stage (all P > 0.05). Elevated PLR (HR = 1.40) tends to be association with shorter recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P = 0.05), whereas NLR was not a predictor of shorter RFS. Differently, both elevated NLR (HR = 1.94) and PLR (HR = 1.79) were associated with worse overall survival (OS) (both P < 0.05). Patients with NLR ≥5 and those with PLR ≥190 had a significantly shorter OS compared to patients with NLR <5 and PLR <190, respectively (log‐rank test, both P < 0.05). Moreover, patients who had both NLR and PLR elevated had worse OS compared to patients with either one or none inflammatory markers elevated (log‐rank P = 0.02).ConclusionElevated NLR and PLR were predictors of worse long‐term outcome among patients with HPB malignancy undergoing resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:868–874. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors for Secondary Traumatic Stress in Therapeutic Work With Trauma Victims
Authors: Hensel Jennifer M. , Ruiz Carlos , Finney Caitlin , Dewa Carolyn S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRevisions to the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnostic criteria in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) clarify that secondary exposure can lead to the development of impairing symptoms requiring treatment. Historically known as secondary traumatic stress (STS), this reaction occurs through repeatedly hearing the details of traumatic events experienced by others. Professionals who work therapeutically with trauma victims may be at particular risk for this exposure. This meta‐analysis of 38 published studies examines 17 risk factors for STS among professionals indirectly exposed to trauma through their therapeutic work with trauma victims. Small significant effect sizes were found for trauma caseload volume (r = .16), caseload frequency (r = .12), caseload ratio (r = .19), and having a personal trauma history (r = .19). Small negative effect sizes were found for work support (r = −.17) and social support (r = −.26). Demographic variables appear to be less implicated although more work is needed that examines the role of gender in the context of particular personal traumas. Caseload frequency and personal trauma effect sizes were moderated by year of publication. Future work should examine the measurement of STS and associated impairment, understudied risk factors, and effective interventions.
Structural and functional influences of coagulation factor XIII subunit B heterozygous missense mutants
Authors: Thomas Anne , Biswas Arijit , Ivaskevicius Vytautas , Oldenburg Johannes 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe coagulation factor XIII(FXIII) is a plasma circulating heterotetrameric protransglutaminase that acts at the end of the coagulation cascade by covalently cross‐linking preformed fibrin clots (to themselves and to fibrinolytic inhibitors) in order to stabilize them against fibrinolysis. It circulates in the plasma as a heterotetramer composed of two homomeric catalytic Factor XIIIA2 (FXIIIA2) and two homomeric protective/carrier Factor XIIIB2 subunit (FXIIIB2). Congenital deficiency of FXIII is of two types: severe homozygous/compound heterozygous FXIII deficiency which results in severe bleeding symptoms and mild heterozygous FXIII deficiency which is associated with mild bleeding (only upon trauma) or an asymptomatic phenotype. Defects in the F13B gene (Factor XIIIB subunit) occur more frequently in mild FXIII deficiency patients than in severe FXIII deficiency. We had recently reported secretion‐related defects for seven previously reported F13B missense mutations. In the present study we further analyze the underlying molecular pathological mechanisms as well as the heterozygous expression phenotype for these mutations using a combination of in vitro heterologous expression (in HEK293T cells) and confocal microscopy. In combination with the in vitro work we have also performed an in silico solvated molecular dynamic simulation study on previously reported FXIIIB subunit sushi domain homology models in order to predict the putative structure‐functional impact of these mutations. We were able to categorize the mutations into the following functional groups that: (1) affect antigenic stability as well as binding to FXIIIA subunit, that is, Cys5Arg, Cys316Phe, and Pro428Ser (2) affect binding to FXIIIA subunit with little or no influence on antigenic stability, that is, Ile81Asn and Val401Gln c) influence neither aspects and are most likely causality linked polymorphisms or functional polymorphisms, that is, Leu116Phe and Val217Ile. The Cys5Arg mutation was the only mutation to show a direct secretion‐based defect since the mutated protein was observed to accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum.
Simultaneous detection and separation of hyperacute intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral ischemia using amide proton transfer MRI
Authors: Wang Meiyun , Hong Xiaohua , Chang Che‐Feng , Li Qiang , Ma Bo , Zhang Hong , Xiang Sinan , Heo Hye‐Young , Zhang Yi , Lee Dong‐Hoon , Jiang Shanshan , Leigh Richard , Koehler Raymond C. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Wang Jian , Zhou Jinyuan 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo explore the capability of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in the detection of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes using preclinical rat models.MethodsThe rat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) model (n = 10) was induced by injecting bacterial collagenase VII‐S into the caudate nucleus, and the permanent ischemic stroke model (n = 10) was induced by using a 4‐0 nylon suture to occlude the origin of the middle cerebral artery. APT‐weighted (APTw) MRI was acquired on a 4.7T animal imager and quantified using the magnetization transfer‐ratio asymmetry at 3.5 ppm from water.ResultsThere was a consistently high APTw MRI signal in hyperacute ICH during the initial 12 h after injection of collagenase compared with the contralateral brain tissue. When hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke were compared, hyperacute ICH and cerebral ischemia demonstrated opposite APTw MRI contrasts—namely, hyperintense versus hypointense compared with contralateral brain tissue, respectively. There was a stark contrast in APTw signal intensity between these two lesions.ConclusionAPT‐MRI could accurately detect hyperacute ICH and distinctly differentiate hyperacute ICH from cerebral ischemia, thus opening up the possibility of introducing to the clinic a single MRI scan for the simultaneous visualization and separation of hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes at the hyperacute stage. Magn Reson Med 74:42–50, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spurious interface fragmentation in multiphase SPH
Authors: Szewc K. , Pozorski J. , Minier J.‐P. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryWe investigate the issue of sub‐kernel spurious interface fragmentation occurring in SPH applied for multiphase flows. It has appeared recently that current SPH formulations for multiphase flows involving an interface between immiscible phases can suffer from non‐physical particle mixing through the interface, especially for flows with high density ratios. This is an important issue, in particular for applications where physical phenomena take place at the interface itself, such as phase change or the evolution of two‐phase flow patterns. In this paper, various remedies proposed in the literature are discussed. The current assumption that spurious interface fragmentation occurs only when there is no surface tension at the interface is revisited. We show that this is a general problem of current SPH formulations that appears even when surface tension is present. A new proposition for an interface sharpness correction term is put forward. A series of simulations of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional bubbles rising in a liquid allow a comprehensive study and demonstrate the dependence of the new correction term on the kernel smoothing length. On the other hand, the overall flow behavior, including the interface shape, is not affected. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differences in end‐of‐life communication for children with advanced cancer who were referred to a palliative care team
Authors: Kassam Alisha , Skiadaresis Julia , Alexander Sarah , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundThere is a general consensus that involving a specialized palliative care team in the care of children with advanced cancer can help optimize end‐of‐life communication; however, how this compares to standard oncology care is still unknown. We aimed to determine whether there was an association between specialist palliative care involvement and improved end‐of‐life communication for children with advanced cancer and their families.ProcedureWe administered questionnaires to 75 bereaved parents (response rate 54%). Outcome measures were presence or absence of 11 elements related to end‐of‐life communication.ResultsParents were significantly more likely to receive five communication elements if their child was referred to a palliative care team. These elements are: discussion of death and dying with parents by the healthcare team (P < 0.01); discussion of death and dying with child by the healthcare team when appropriate (P < 0.01); providing parents with guidance on how to talk to their child about death and dying when appropriate (P < 0.01); preparing parents for medical aspects surrounding death (P = 0.02) and sibling support (P = 0.02). Children were less likely to be referred to a palliative care team if they had a hematologic malignancy.ConclusionsChildren who receive standard oncology care are at higher risk of not receiving critical communication elements at end of life. Strategies to optimize end‐of‐life communication for children who are not referred to a palliative care team are needed. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1409–1413. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.