bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of volume management on free flap perfusion and metabolism in a large animal model study
Authors: Thiem Daniel G. E. , Stephan Daniel , Ziebart Alexander , Ruemmler Robert , Riedel Julian , Vinayahalingam Shankeeth , Al-Nawas Bilal , Blatt Sebastian , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFree flap failure represents a substantial clinical burden. The role of intraoperative volume management remains controversial, with valid studies lacking. Here, using a large animal model, we investigated the influence of volume management on free flap perfusion and metabolism. Autotransfer of a musculocutaneous gracilis flap was performed on 31 German domestic pigs, with arterial anastomosis and catheterization of the pedicle vein for sequential blood sampling. Flap reperfusion was followed by induction of a hemorrhagic shock with maintenance for 30 min and subsequent circulation stabilization with crystalloid solution, crystalloid solution and catecholamine, autotransfusion or colloidal solution. Flap perfusion and oxygenation were periodically assessed using hyperspectral imaging. Flap metabolism was assessed via periodic blood gas analyses. Hyperspectral imaging revealed no difference in either superficial or deep tissue oxygen saturation, tissue hemoglobin or tissue water content between the test groups at any time point. Blood gas analyses showed that lactate levels were significantly increased in the group that received crystalloid solution and catecholamine, after circulatory stabilization and up to 2 h after. We conclude that, in hemorrhagic shock, volume management impacts acid–base balance in free flaps. Crystalloid solutions with norepinephrine increase lactate levels, yet short-term effects on flap perfusion seem minimal, suggesting that vasopressors are not detrimental.
Responsible development of clinical speech AI: Bridging the gap between clinical research and technology
Authors: Berisha Visar , Liss Julie M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis perspective article explores the challenges and potential of using speech as a biomarker in clinical settings, particularly when constrained by the small clinical datasets typically available in such contexts. We contend that by integrating insights from speech science and clinical research, we can reduce sample complexity in clinical speech AI models with the potential to decrease timelines to translation. Most existing models are based on high-dimensional feature representations trained with limited sample sizes and often do not leverage insights from speech science and clinical research. This approach can lead to overfitting, where the models perform exceptionally well on training data but fail to generalize to new, unseen data. Additionally, without incorporating theoretical knowledge, these models may lack interpretability and robustness, making them challenging to troubleshoot or improve post-deployment. We propose a framework for organizing health conditions based on their impact on speech and promote the use of speech analytics in diverse clinical contexts beyond cross-sectional classification. For high-stakes clinical use cases, we advocate for a focus on explainable and individually-validated measures and stress the importance of rigorous validation frameworks and ethical considerations for responsible deployment. Bridging the gap between AI research and clinical speech research presents new opportunities for more efficient translation of speech-based AI tools and advancement of scientific discoveries in this interdisciplinary space, particularly if limited to small or retrospective datasets.
Solvent induced amyloid polymorphism and the uncovering of the elusive class 3 amyloid topology
Authors: Dürvanger Zsolt , Bencs Fruzsina , Menyhárd Dóra K. , Horváth Dániel , Perczel András 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAggregation-prone-motifs (APRs) of proteins are short segments, which – as isolated peptides - form diverse amyloid-like crystals. We introduce two APRs - designed variants of the incretin mimetic Exendin-4 - that both display crystal-phase polymorphism. Crystallographic and spectroscopic analysis revealed that a single amino-acid substitution can greatly reduce topological variability: while LYIQWL can form both parallel and anti-parallel β-sheets, LYIQNL selects only the former. We also found that the parallel/anti-parallel switch of LYIQWL can be induced by simply changing the crystallization temperature. One crystal form of LYIQNL was found to belong to the class 3 topology, an arrangement previously not encountered among proteinogenic systems. We also show that subtle environmental changes lead to crystalline assemblies with different topologies, but similar interfaces. Spectroscopic measurements showed that polymorphism is already apparent in the solution state. Our results suggest that the temperature-, sequence- and environmental sensitivity of physiological amyloids is reflected in assemblies of the APR segments, which, complete with the new class 3 crystal form, effectively sample all the originally proposed basic topologies of amyloid-like aggregates.
Crystalline silica-induced recruitment and immuno-imbalance of CD4+ tissue resident memory T cells promote silicosis progression
Authors: You Yichuan , Wu Xiulin , Yuan Haoyang , He Yangyang , Chen Yinghui , Wang Sisi , Min Hui , Chen Jie , Li Chao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOccupational crystalline silica (CS) particle exposure leads to silicosis. The burden of CS-associated disease remains high, and treatment options are limited due to vague mechanisms. Here we show that pulmonary CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) accumulate in response to CS particles, mediating the pathogenesis of silicosis. The TRM cells are derived from peripheral lymphocyte recruitment and in situ expansion. Specifically, CD69+CD103+ TRM-Tregs depend more on circulating T cell replenishment. CD69 and CD103 can divide the TRM cells into functionally distinct subsets, mirroring the immuno-balance within CD4+ TRM cells. However, targeting CD103+ TRM-Tregs do not mitigate disease phenotype since the TRM subsets exert immunosuppressive but not pro-fibrotic roles. After identifying pathogenic CD69+CD103- subsets, we highlight IL-7 for their maintenance and function, that present a promising avenue for mitigating silicosis. Together, our findings highlight the distinct role of CD4+ TRM cells in mediating CS-induced fibrosis and provide potential therapeutic strategies.
Mechanism of allosteric inhibition of human p97/VCP ATPase and its disease mutant by triazole inhibitors
Authors: Nandi Purbasha , DeVore Kira , Wang Feng , Li Shan , Walker Joel D. , Truong Thanh Tung , LaPorte Matthew G. , Wipf Peter , Schlager Heidi , McCleerey John , Paquette William , Columbres Rod Carlo A. , Gan Taiping , Poh Yu-Ping , Fromme Petra , Flint Andrew J. , Wolf Mark , Huryn Donna M. , Chou Tsui-Fen , Chiu Po-Lin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHuman p97 ATPase is crucial in various cellular processes, making it a target for inhibitors to treat cancers, neurological, and infectious diseases. Triazole allosteric p97 inhibitors have been demonstrated to match the efficacy of CB-5083, an ATP-competitive inhibitor, in cellular models. However, the mechanism is not well understood. This study systematically investigates the structures of new triazole inhibitors bound to both wild-type and disease mutant forms of p97 and measures their effects on function. These inhibitors bind at the interface of the D1 and D2 domains of each p97 subunit, shifting surrounding helices and altering the loop structures near the C-terminal α2 G helix to modulate domain-domain communications. A key structural moiety of the inhibitor affects the rotameric conformations of interacting side chains, indirectly modulating the N-terminal domain conformation in p97 R155H mutant. The differential effects of inhibitor binding to wild-type and mutant p97 provide insights into drug design with enhanced specificity, particularly for oncology applications.
Probing ferroelectric domain structures and their switching dynamics in SrBi2Ta2O9 by in-situ electric biasing in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Mun Junsik , Huang Fei-Ting , Pivak Yevheniy , Fang Xiaochen , Camino Fernando , Cheong Sang-Wook , Zhu Yimei , Han Myung-Geun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLead-free SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) has been a promising ferroelectric material for various applications such as electronics and data storage due to its outstanding ferroelectric properties including high fatigue endurance and low leakage current. However, the atomic-scale domain structure and switching dynamics of ferroelectric SBT remain elusive. This study reveals that spontaneous polarization arises from canted bismuth-cation displacements, forming 90° and Ising-type 180° domain walls. Interestingly, topological pairs of ferroelectric vortex and antivortex connect ferroelectric boundaries where three domain walls converge. In situ electrical biasing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the dominance of 180° switching over 90°, where oxygen octahedral connectivity is protected by ferroelastic energy in the 90° domain wall. Consequently, all 180° domain walls and (anti)vortices are removed, leaving only 90° domain walls in the electrically poled states. Chemical deterioration along domain walls highlights vulnerability of SBT to ferroelectric fatigue. This study provides insight into crucial aspects for practical applications of SBT.
Hydroxyurea mobile directly observed therapy versus standard monitoring in patients with sickle cell anemia: a phase 2 randomized trial
Authors: Sasi Philip , Makubi Abel , Sangeda Raphael Z. , Ngaeje Mariam Y. , Mmbando Bruno P. , Soka Joseph , Rosano Caterina , Magesa Alex S. , Cox Sharon E. , Makani Julie , Novelli Enrico M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) prevalence remains high in sub-Saharan Africa. Long-term treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) increases survival, however, poor adherence to treatment could limit effectiveness. Whilst HU treatment adherence is currently high, this might decrease over time.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, randomized, open-label, parallel group phase 2 controlled clinical trial to determine whether mobile Directly Observed Therapy (m-DOT) increases HU treatment adherence (NCT02844673). Eligible participants were adults with homozygous SCA. People on a chronic blood transfusion program, with hemoglobin (Hb) A levels greater than 20% of the total Hb, total Hb less than 4 g/dL, pregnant or HIV positive were excluded. After a 3-month pre-treatment period participants were randomized to either m-DOT or standard monitoring arm. All participants received smart mobile phones and were treated with HU (15 mg/kg) daily for three months. In the m-DOT arm, drug intake was video recorded on cell phone by the participant and the video sent to the study team. The primary objective was to evaluate the effect of m-DOT on adherence to HU treatment by medication possession ratio (MPR).

Results
Of the 86 participants randomized, 76 completed the trial (26.13 ± 6.97 years, 63.5 % female). Adherence was high (MPR > 95 %) in both groups, 29 (80.6 %) in m-DOT versus 37 (94.9 %) in the standard monitoring arm (P = 0.079). No HU treatment was withheld from participants due to safety concerns.

Conclusions
m-DOT did not increase adherence to HU treatment. We recommend that further testing in larger trials with a longer follow up period be undertaken.
Coordinated economic and low‐carbon operation strategy for a multi‐energy greenhouse incorporating carbon capture and emissions trading
Authors: Gou Jiahao , Mao Yang , Zhao Xia , Wu Zhenyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGreenhouses need to supply CO2 to crops while simultaneously emitting CO2. To effectively harness the dual functionality of greenhouses as a carbon source and carbon consumer, this work incorporates carbon capture and emissions trading into a multi‐energy greenhouse (MEG), which is equipped with various power and heat sources such as photovoltaic (PV) panels and a combined heat and power (CHP) unit and proposes that the captured CO2 should be used to feed crops on‐site. A low‐carbon economic operation method is proposed for the coordinated environment‐energy‐carbon management of the MEG, and it considers various factors, including the power purchase/carbon supply costs, carbon emissions trading income, temperature/humidity/light intensity and CO2 concentration requirements for crops, and operational constraints of various energy/environmental regulation equipment. The proposed method is validated using a tomato MEG. The results highlight the significant economic and environmental benefits of introducing carbon capture, emissions trading, and utilisation into MEGs.
Carbon envelopes around merging galaxies at z ∼ 4.5
Authors: Di Cesare C. , Ginolfi M. , Graziani L. , Schneider R. , Romano M. , Popping G. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Galaxies evolve through a dynamic exchange of material with their immediate surrounding environment, the so-called circumgalactic medium (CGM). Understanding the physics of gas flows and the nature of the CGM is fundamental to studying galaxy evolution, especially at 4 ≤ z ≤ 6 (i.e., after the Epoch of Reionization) when galaxies rapidly assembled their masses and reached their chemical maturity. Galactic outflows are predicted to enrich the CGM with metals, although it has also been suggested that gas stripping in systems undergoing a major merger may play a role.
Aims. In this work, we explore the metal enrichment of the medium around merging galaxies at z ∼ 4.5, observed by the ALMA Large Program to INvestigate [CII] at Early times (ALPINE). To do so, we study the nature of the [CII] 158 μm emission in the CGM around these systems, using simulations to help disentangle the mechanisms contributing to the CGM metal pollution.
Methods. By adopting an updated classification of major merger systems in the ALPINE survey, we selected and analyzed merging galaxies whose components can be spatially and/or spectrally resolved in a robust way. This makes it possible to distinguish between the [CII] emission coming from the single components of the system and that coming from the system as a whole. We also made use of the dustyGadget cosmological simulation to select synthetic analogs of observed galaxies and guide the interpretation of the observational results.
Results. We find a large diffuse [CII] envelope (≳20 kpc) embedding all the merging systems, with at least 25% of the total [CII] emission coming from the medium between the galaxies. Using predictions from dustyGadget, we suggest that this emission has a multi-fold nature, with dynamical interactions between galaxies playing a major role in stripping the gas and enriching the medium with heavy elements.
Renewable energy power generation and industrial structure adjustment under the goal of carbon neutrality in China
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Lei , Shen Liang , Xiao Hanli 
Published: August 2024

Renewable energy power position in the future power system is becoming more and more important because of its huge potential capacity and large potential market demand. Under the background of fossil energy supply crisis and the goal of carbon neutrality, renewable energy is the best substitution of fossil energy to achieve the goal of dual-carbon. The cumulative installed capacity of renewable energy power generation accounted for 45.4% of China in 2021. But its power generation only accounted for 28.9% of the whole country. The development and production capacity of hydropower is limited. The market share of renewable electricity is still very low.
By listing the above situation and problems of renewable energy power generation industry in China, this study puts forward the following suggestions. To coordinate the energy supply with the environment protection, accelerate the development of renewable energy power generation industry, firstly, we need to build a multiple energy supply system including the renewable energy generation and a certain scale of thermal power for the sake of the energy supply security; secondly, the production capacity of hydropower is restricted by many conditions, while the potential of the other renewable energy reserves is huge. They are also the focus of future development; thirdly, it is necessary to improve the power consumption of renewable energy by building a high-level power transmission network to support long-distance power transmission, and a new type power generation system including supporting facilities in which renewable energy is at the main position, and using technological innovation and intelligence to solve the problems of grid connection and power consumption.
Chylöser Aszites bei NSCLC: Nicht alles ist maligne, was maligne aussieht
Authors: Uhlenbruch Mark , Bärmann Marie-Kristin , Bertram Volker , Krüger Stefan 
Published: August 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Ätiologie chylöser Aszites ist multifaktoriell. Maligne Grunderkrankungen, Leberzirrhose, Traumata, Lymphanomalien und Mykobakteriosen sind die häufigsten Ursachen. Bei NSCLC wird chylöser Aszites bei einer peritonealen Metastasierung oder abdomineller Lymphknotenmetastasen beobachtet.RET-Alterationen treten bei 1–2 % der NSCLC-Patienten auf und können seit kurzem zielgerichtet therapiert werden.Unsere Kasuistik zeigt, dass neue zielgerichtete Therapien die Prognose revolutionieren, uns aber vor die Herausforderung neuer und teils unbekannter Nebenwirkungen stellen.
Notfälle in der Medikamentösen Tumortherapie
Authors: Handke Analena , Hilser Thomas , Bögemann Martin , Schlack Katrin , Grünwald Viktor 
Published: August 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Hintergrund Immunmodulatorische Therapien gewinnen immer größere Bedeutung in der Uro-Onkologie. Aus diesem Grund werden wir vermutlich immer häufiger mit Nebenwirkungen konfrontiert werden. Hinzu kommt eine immer größere Zahl an Kombinationen mit anderen Wirkmechanismen. Als Folge dieser Therapie können immun-vermittelte Nebenwirkungen auftreten. Diese unterscheiden sich von den Nebenwirkungen einer Chemotherapie und anderen zielgerichteten Therapien und erfordern daher andere Behandlungsstrategien.
Ziel der Arbeit Anhand der aktuellen Literatur werden die Daten zur Graduierung und stadienabhängigen Management dargelegt sowie mit Beispielen aus der Praxis anschaulich dargestellt.
Material und Methoden Literaturrecherche zur Detektion und Therapiemanagement von im Rahmen der immunonkologischen Therapie vermittelten Nebenwirkungen.
Ergebnisse Die behandlungsbezogenen Ereignisse können prinzipiell alle Organsystem betreffen, häufig finden sich Toxizitäten im Bereich der Haut, wie Ausschlag oder Pruritus, Hypo- oder Hyperthyreosen, Arthritiden, Muskelschmerzen und gastrointestinale Symptome. In der Häufigkeit sind die meisten Nebenwirkungen Grad 1 bis 2 zuzuordnen, jedoch auch Grad 3 bis 4. Toxizitäten sind grundsätzlich gut zu therapieren, sofern sie frühzeitig erkannt werden. Seltene Komplikationen wie neurologische Toxizitäten, Pneumonitis oder auch Karditis können bei zu später Diagnose einen fulminanten Verlauf entwickeln.
Diskussion Selbst Notfälle sind gut zu managen, wenn wir die wichtigsten Nebenwirkungen und therapeutischen Optionen kennen. Dabei kommt den immunvermittelten Nebenwirkungen ein besonderer Stellenwert zu, weil sie grundsätzlich jedes Organsystem betreffen können. So lange wir jedoch bei Patienten, die Symptome zeigen, an die Möglichkeit einer Toxizität durch Checkpointinhibitoren denken, sind die meisten Nebenwirkungen gut zu therapieren und daher kontrollierbar.
The Effects of Employment Status and Daily Routines on
Fibromyalgia
Authors: Aydin Saliha , Ozsoy-Unubol Tugba 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex and debilitating condition
characterised by chronic pain, fatigue, sleep and mood disturbances. This study
aimed to investigate the impact of employment status and daily routines on FM
symptoms.
Methods This cross-sectional study included female FM patients meeting the
diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. Participants’
employment status, daily routines, FM symptoms, and psychological well-being
were assessed using various scales. The relationship between the variables was
also examined.
Results Of the 74 female FM patients included, those who were employed
exhibited better health outcomes, including reduced symptom severity and
improved functionality. Engaging in exercise and reading books were associated
with less severe FM symptoms. The frequency of going out during lockdown was
positively correlated with FM symptom severity. House cleaning was linked to
improved emotional well-being, while social media use, watching TV, and
household size had no significant impact on the FM burden.
Conclusion This study highlights the positive effects of employment,
exercise, and reading on FM symptoms and emphasises the importance of a
multi-modal approach to FM management. The findings also suggest that external
stressors such as the frequency of going out during a pandemic may influence the
course of FM. These insights may inform strategies to enhance the quality of
life for individuals living with FM.
Intracranial compliance in patients with COVID-19: a multicenter observational study
Authors: Silveira Ana Flávia , Santos Marcella Barreto , Collange Nelci Zanon , Hayashi Cintya Yukie , Vilela Gustavo Henrique Frigieri , Almeida Samantha Longhi Simões de , Andrade João Brainer Clares de , Rojas Salómon , Moraes Fabiano Moulin de , Veiga Viviane Cordeiro , Flato Uri Adrian Prync , Russo Thiago Luiz , Silva Gisele Sampaio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Patients with severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) may require the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) for prolonged periods. Aggressive MV parameters have been associated with changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with acute intracranial disorders. Significant ICP elevation could compromise intracranial compliance (ICC) and cerebrovascular hemodynamics (CVH). However, the effects of these parameters in individuals without neurological disorders have not yet been evaluated.
Objective To evaluate ICC in patients on MV with COVID-19 infection compared to other diagnoses, to better characterize the effects of MV and COVID-19 upon ICC. We also compared between the ICC in patients with COVID-19 who did not require MV and healthy volunteers, to assess the isolated effect of COVID-19 upon ICC.
Methods This was an exploratory, observational study with a convenience sample. The ICC was evaluated with a noninvasive ICP monitoring device. The P2/P1 ratio was calculated by dividing the amplitude of these two points, being defined as “abnormal” when P2 > P1. The statistical analysis was performed using a mixed linear model with random effects to compare the P2/P1 ratio in all four groups on the first monitoring day.
Results A convenience sample of 78 subjects (15 MV-COVID-19, 15 MV non-COVID-19, 24 non-MV-COVID-19, and 24 healthy participants) was prospectively enrolled. There was no difference in P2/P1 ratios between MV patients with and without COVID-19, nor between non-MV patients with COVID-19 and healthy volunteers. However, the P2/P1 ratio was higher in COVID-19 patients with MV use than in those without it.
Conclusion This exploratory analysis suggests that COVID-19 does not impair ICC.