bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of diacerein monotherapy in adults with obesity: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Xiang Yingying , Shen Lixuan , Xue Yingying , Wang Ziwei , Zhou Ruonan , Cao Yue , Zhu Ziwei , Xu Pingyuan , Yu Xizhong , Fang Penghua , Shang Wenbin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy and safety of diacerein monotherapy in adults with obesity.MethodsForty‐two adults with obesity participated in the study and were randomly assigned to receive diacerein or placebo in addition to lifestyle modification for 14 weeks, in a double‐blinded fashion. Differences in changes in body weight, body composition, metabolic variables, fatty liver‐related indicators, cardiovascular system variables, lifestyle score and metabolic factors were compared.ResultsPost‐treatment weight loss percentage from baseline was −6.56% (−8.71%, −4.41%) in the diacerein group and −0.59% (−2.74%, 1.56%) in the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the diacerein group showed significant improvements in body composition, metabolic variables and indicators related to fatty liver. In addition, after 14 weeks of treatment, diacerein led to a significant reduction in serum visfatin concentration versus the placebo group. The reductions in total body fat mass and visceral fat area mediated the weight loss induced by diacerein. No significant differences were found between the groups in the number of adverse events and safety variables.ConclusionsFor adults with obesity, diacerein led to a clinically meaningful weight loss and provided multiple metabolic benefits with acceptable safety. These results support that diacerein is a promising candidate medicine to be developed for obesity management.
Regulation of trehalose metabolism mediated by validamycin on chitin synthesis in Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Yang Yan‐qi , Liang Yu‐jian , Zhi Jun‐rui , Li Ding‐yin , Li Cao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTrehalase (TRE) is a key enzyme for degrading trehalose, which plays a vital role in the growth and development of insects. Although validamycin, a compound belonging to a class of efficient antibiotics and fungicides, can control pests by suppressing TRE activities, it remains unknown whether it acts on both trehalose and chitin metabolism in Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major pest of maize (Zea mays L., Poaceae). This study investigated the changes in trehalose metabolism after validamycin treatment in S. frugiperda and its effects on the downstream chitin synthesis pathway. Compared with the control, S. frugiperda exhibited varying degrees of mortality after treatment with four concentrations of validamycin, showing a dose‐dependent increase in mortality rate. The mortality rates 24 and 48 h after treatment with 0.07 mg μL−1 validamycin were 35.6% and 42.2%, respectively, indicating the effective lethal concentration. Treatment with 0.07 mg μL−1 validamycin led to developmental delay, abnormal molting, and death in S. frugiperda, but it exerted no lasting effects on the survival rate, pupal weight, and phenotype during its subsequent developmental stages. At 24 h after validamycin treatment, TRE1 and TRE2 activities and glucose content decreased significantly, whereas the trehalose content increased significantly. Treatment with validamycin significantly upregulated TRE1 and TRE2 expression after 24 and 48 h and downregulated the mRNA expression of chitin synthase A and B genes. However, after 72 h, chitin content was not significantly affected. Hence, validamycin can destroy the dynamic transformation balance of trehalose and glucose by inhibiting the activities of the two TREs, and further affect the expression of downstream chitin synthase genes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for using TRE inhibitors to control S. frugiperda.
Tenoscopic‐assisted subcutaneous approach to a plantar annular ligament desmotomy in a horse with severe constriction of the fetlock canal
Authors: Jeong Sharon , Young Alex , Sole Guitart Albert 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe desmotomy of the palmar/plantar annular ligament (PAL) is recommended when it hinders the sliding motion of the flexor tendons in the sesamoidean canal, leading to persistent lameness that often does not improve with conservative treatment. Tenoscopic‐assisted PAL desmotomy can be accomplished with various instruments via an intrathecal approach. However, severe constriction or adhesions within the fetlock canal can restrict manoeuvrability and access of instruments within the sheath, preventing safe and effective transection of the ligament. This case report describes the successful use of a hook knife via a subcutaneous approach to safely transect the PAL under tenoscopic visualisation in a horse where severe constriction of the fetlock canal prohibited the standard intrathecal approach. In similar chronic tenosynovitis cases, a subcutaneous approach to PAL transection at the start of the tenoscopic examination of the digital flexor tendon sheath may minimise iatrogenic injury to intrathecal structures.
Healthcare resource use and costs associated with the misdiagnosis of migraine
Authors: Kim Jae Rok , Park Tae Jin , Agapova Maria , Blumenfeld Andrew , Smith Jonathan H. , Shah Darshini , Devine Beth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare healthcare resource utilization and healthcare costs in patients with migraine with or without a history of misdiagnosis.BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of migraine, migraine is commonly misdiagnosed. The healthcare resource use and cost burden of a misdiagnosis is unknown.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study identified adults with an incident migraine diagnosis from the Merative™ Marketscan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Databases between June 2018 and 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of commonly considered misdiagnoses (headache, sinusitis, or cervical pain) before their migraine diagnosis were classified as the “misdiagnosed cohort.” Patients in the misdiagnosed cohort were potentially misdiagnosed, then eventually received a correct diagnosis. Patients without a history of commonly considered misdiagnoses prior to their migraine diagnosis were classified as the “correctly diagnosed cohort.” Healthcare resource utilization and healthcare costs were assessed in the period before migraine diagnosis and compared between the cohorts. Outcomes were reported as per patient per month and compared with incidence rate ratios.ResultsA total of 29,147 patients comprised the correctly diagnosed cohort and 3841 patients comprised the misdiagnosed cohort and met the inclusion criteria. Patients in the misdiagnosed cohort had statistically significantly higher rates of inpatient admissions (0.02 vs. 0.01, incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47–1.74), emergency department visits (0.10 vs. 0.05; IRR 1.89, 95% CI 1.79–1.99), neurologist visits (0.12 vs. 0.02; IRR 5.95, 95% CI 5.40–6.57), non‐neurologist outpatient visits (2.64 vs. 1.58; IRR 1.67, 95% CI 1.62–1.72) and prescription fills (2.82 vs. 1.84; IRR 1.53, 95% CI 1.48–1.58) compared to correctly diagnosed patients. Misdiagnosed patients had statistically significantly higher rates of healthcare cost accrual for inpatient admissions ($1362 vs. $518; IRR 2.62, 95% CI 2.50–2.75), emergency department visits ($222 vs. $98; IRR 2.27, 95% CI 2.18–2.36), neurologist visits ($42 vs. $9; IRR 4.39, 95% CI 4.00–4.79), non‐neurologist outpatient visits ($1327 vs. $641; IRR 2.07, 95% CI 1.91–2.24), and prescription fills ($305 vs. $215; IRR 1.41, 95% CI 1.18–1.70) compared to correctly diagnosed patients.ConclusionPatients with migraine who have a history of misdiagnoses have higher rates of healthcare resource utilization and cost accrual versus those without such history.
Medullary carcinomas of the nonampullary small intestine: association with coeliac disease, mismatch repair deficiency, PD‐L1 expression, and favourable prognosis
Authors: Vanoli Alessandro , Grillo Federica , De Lisi Giuseppe , Guerini Camilla , Arpa Giovanni , Klersy Catherine , Fassan Matteo , Parente Paola , Mastracci Luca , Biletta Elena , Nesi Gabriella , Macciomei Maria C , Lenti Marco V , Quaquarini Erica , Chiaravalli Anna M , Furlan Daniela , La Rosa Stefano , Paulli Marco , Di Sabatino Antonio 
Published: August 2024

AimGastrointestinal medullary carcinoma is a rare histologic subtype of adenocarcinoma. As nonampullary small bowel medullary carcinomas (SB‐MCs) are poorly characterized, we aimed to analyse their clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features and to compare them with nonmedullary small bowel adenocarcinomas (NM‐SBAs).Methods and ResultsSurgically resected SBAs collected through the Small Bowel Cancer Italian Consortium were classified as SB‐MCs (carcinomas with ≥50% of tumour fulfilling the typical histologic criteria of MC) or NM‐SBAs. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin (CK)7, CK20, CDX2, programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and mismatch repair proteins was performed in both SB‐MCs and NM‐SBAs. SB‐MCs were also tested for CK8/18, synaptophysin, SMARCB1, SMARCA2, SMARCA4, and ARID1A and for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐encoded RNAs by in‐situ hybridization. MLH1 promoter methylation status was evaluated in MLH1‐deficient cases. Eleven SB‐MCs and 149 NM‐SBAs were identified. One (9%) SB‐MC was EBV‐positive, while 10 (91%) harboured mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR). MLH1 promoter hypermethylation was found in all eight dMMR SB‐MCs tested. Switch/sucrose nonfermentable deficiency was seen in two (18%) SB‐MCs, both with isolated loss of ARID1A. Compared with NM‐SBAs, SB‐MCs exhibited an association with coeliac disease (P < 0.001), higher rates of dMMR (P < 0.001), and PD‐L1 positivity by both tumour proportion score and combined positive score (P < 0.001 for both), and a lower rate of CK20 expression (P = 0.024). Survival analysis revealed a better prognosis of SB‐MC patients compared to NM‐SBA cases (P = 0.02).ConclusionSB‐MCs represent a distinct histologic subtype, with peculiar features compared to NM‐SBAs, including association with coeliac disease, dMMR, PD‐L1 expression, and better prognosis.
Impact of manual dexterity on toothbrushing efficacy in typically developing children: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Winnier J. Jasmin , Naik Shilpa S. , Shetty Ashveeta , Patil Diksha , Tandel Sonal , Gore Priya 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundManual dexterity includes gross motor skills (GMS) and fine motor skills (FMS). Literature reports manual dexterity as a contributing factor for improved oral hygiene and that the required dexterity for toothbrushing develops above 8 years of age. Research suggests grip force, movement speed, and motor coordination should be assessed to improve knowledge on kinetics of brushing teeth.AimTo assess the impact of manual dexterity on toothbrushing efficacy in 7 to 12 year old children.DesignThe cross‐sectional study included 150 typically developing 7‐12 year old children. Oral health status was recorded using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index. GMS and FMS were evaluated using the MInnesota Manual Dexterity Test (MMDT) and Archimedes spiral test (AST), respectively. Toothbrushing efficacy was determined by Turesky modification of Quigley‐Hein Plaque Index‐ difference in mean scores from before and after toothbrushing.ResultsAssessment of GMS, FMS, and toothbrushing efficacy using ANOVA showed a significant increase with age (p value: 0.000); unpaired t‐test showed an association of toothbrushing efficacy with GMS and FMS irrespective of age (p value: 0.000).ConclusionManual dexterity was significantly associated with toothbrushing efficacy in typically developing children. AST, a simple test to determine FMS, may help paediatric dentists to guide parents on the supervision of toothbrushing for their child.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of interventions targeting the parent–child relationship in families of children with an intellectual disability
Authors: Westlake Freya , Westlake Meryl , Totsika Vaso 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of parent–child relationship interventions for families of children with intellectual disability up to 12 years old.MethodsQuasi‐experimental or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions targeting the parent–child relationship where ≥50% of children had an intellectual disability were included. Meta‐analyses of parent–child relationship outcomes and child outcomes used standardised mean difference as the effect size.ResultsTwenty‐seven papers were included (N = 1325). Parent–child relationship outcomes improved significantly (n = 1325; g = 1.08, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.52) with a large effect size that was robust to sensitivity analyses. Child developmental outcomes improved significantly (n = 1082; g = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.23, 1.07), and indicated a large effect size for child socialisation and communication.ConclusionsFindings suggest that interventions targeting parent–child relationship quality are associated with substantial improvements in parent–child relationship and may improve child outcomes related to socialisation and communication.
The association between aggressive behaviour and non‐suicidal self‐injury and shared risk factors in adults with mild intellectual disability
Authors: van Swieten Marlieke , de Looff Peter , VanDerNagel Joanneke , Didden Robert 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAggressive behaviour (AB) and non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI) are common in people with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning, leading to adverse consequences for themselves and those around them.MethodWe investigated the relationship between AB (both total and physical in particular) and NSSI and risk factors in 125 residents in a treatment clinic using incident reports and standard clinical measurements.ResultsThere was a weak correlation between AB and NSSI, as well as between impulsivity and total AB, and between coping and AB and NSSI. However, NSSI, impulsivity and coping skills did not predict AB.ConclusionResults do not corroborate those of other studies in this area. In future studies impulsivity, coping, aggression and NSSI may be measured using other instruments, and differences between people with and without intellectual disability regarding these variables may be explored.
Practitioner Review: Treatments for young people who self‐harm – challenges and recommendations for research and clinical practice
Authors: Witt Katrina , Stewart Anne , Hawton Keith 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundSelf‐harm is very common in young people and is associated with suicide. Rates of both self‐harm and suicide have increased in young people, particularly in females. There is a clear need to identify new approaches to prevent repeat self‐harm.MethodWe significantly update and build on previous reviews with the aim of identifying issues in research relevant to clinical practice. We identify challenges in developing, implementing and evaluating treatments for self‐harm in children and adolescents, suggest a way forward for research, and provide clear and practical guidance for clinicians on how to apply current research evidence in the real world.ResultsCurrently, there is limited evidence for effective interventions, other than some support for dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A). To improve research and, by extension, clinical practice, future studies need to address psychosocial factors associated with youth self‐harm and suicide, investigate the critical mechanism(s) of action, ensure trials are sufficiently powered and representative, and involve young people more actively in the design, implementation and evaluation of these approaches. Consideration should also be given to alternative research designs, such as pragmatic or adaptive clinical trials, as well as registry‐based randomised controlled trials which leverage administrative data collected in routine clinical practice, to help meet these goals.ConclusionsRecommendations for practice include undertaking comprehensive assessment and formulation, and offering DBT‐A where indicated. There should be further development and evaluation (with input from young people) of Cognitive Behavioural‐based Therapy adapted for young people. Greater attention to the role of the therapeutic relationship and family involvement (where possible) is also an important considerations, irrespective of the specific therapeutic modality. Finally, more consideration should be given to improving staff training to ensure all clinical staff feel equipped to treat young people who self‐harm in a person‐centred and compassionate manner.
Theragnostic utility of continuous glucose monitoring in post‐gastrectomy hypoglycemia
Authors: Son Heejun , Lee Bon Hyang , Cho Young Min 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiagnosing post‐gastrectomy hypoglycemia is challenging, often relying on medical history with documented low plasma glucose levels. Here, we present three cases of patients who presented a high probability of post‐gastrectomy hypoglycemia diagnosed and managed successfully using “theragnostic” continuous glucose monitoring and alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors. In the first week, patients maintained their current lifestyle without medical intervention; in the second week, voglibose 0.2 mg before meals was prescribed. Continuous glucose monitoring data from the first week confirmed the diagnosis with multiple hypoglycemic events after postprandial peaks, whereas data from the second week showed reduced hypoglycemic events and lower glycemic variability, demonstrating voglibose's therapeutic effect. This report highlights the effective management of post‐gastrectomy hypoglycemia using voglibose and theragnostic continuous glucose monitoring, showing its potential benefits and safety for similar cases.
Predicting population‐level impacts of projected climate heating on a temperate freshwater fish
Authors: Mintram Kate S. , Brown A. Ross , Maynard Samuel K. , Thorbek Pernille , Tyler Charles R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate heating has the potential to drive changes in ecosystems at multiple levels of biological organization. Temperature directly affects the inherent physiology of plants and animals, resulting in changes in rates of photosynthesis and respiration, and trophic interactions. Predicting temperature‐dependent changes in physiological and trophic processes, however, is challenging because environmental conditions and ecosystem structure vary across biogeographical regions of the globe. To realistically predict the effects of projected climate heating on wildlife populations, mechanistic tools are required to incorporate the inherent physiological effects of temperature changes, as well as the associated effects on food availability within and across comparable ecosystems. Here we applied an agent‐based bioenergetics model to explore the combined effects of projected temperature increases for 2100 (1.4, 2.7, and 4.4°C), and associated changes in prey availability, on three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) populations representing latitudes 50, 55, and 60°N. Our results showed a decline in population density after a simulated 1.4°C temperature increase at 50°N. In all other modeled scenarios there was an increase (inflation) in population density and biomass (per unit area) with climate heating, and this inflation increased with increasing latitude. We conclude that agent‐based bioenergetics models are valuable tools in discerning the impacts of climate change on wild fish populations, which play important roles in aquatic food webs.
Learning competence of the temperate facultative cleaner wrasse Thalassoma pavo (Labridae)
Authors: Narvaez Pauline , Furtado Miguel , Soares Marta C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCleaner fishes remove parasites from other fishes called “clients,” thereby contributing to a healthier ecosystem. Although the behavior and learning abilities of dedicated and tropical cleaner fishes have been broadly studied, a limited number of studies investigated the behavior of facultative and temperate cleaner fishes and, to the best of our knowledge, none focused on their cognitive abilities. Here, we tested the learning abilities of a species of temperate facultative cleaner, the ornate wrasse Thalassoma pavo in laboratory conditions, based on two problems. These two problems, or tasks, are relevant in two different contexts: the first one, deemed as mutualistically relevant, the cue‐based discrimination task, and the second one, the spatial‐based discrimination task, which is relevant in a non‐cleaning context, when fish navigate through their environment to find food and return to their territories. We found that T. pavo individuals were able to solve these two tasks but excelled at the spatial task rather than with the cue discrimination. The same individuals were also challenged to learn the reverse protocol of these tasks and were again most successful in learning the reverse spatial discrimination problem, but not the cue. Contrary to the dedicated cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus, this temperate facultative cleaner wrasse is slower to learn mutualistic relevant problems but competent in solving spatially derived problems. This may be due to the specific demands of their socio‐ecological environment, with facultative cleaners having a greater component of non‐mutualistic skills (spatial component), which prepares them to search for alternative food sources if necessary (e.g., feeding on the substrate) or even to expand territories more easily and less prepared to deal with mutualistic exchanges compared to dedicated cleaners that specialize to become increasingly socially competent.
Deposit flows and the January effect in deposit rates
Authors: Kotomin Vladimir , Meshcheryakov Artem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNoninterest‐bearing deposits (NIBDs) flow out of U.S. banks in January and February. Banks respond to this seasonal outflow by increasing interest‐bearing deposit (IBD) rates. We document that branch‐level deposit spreads are 4 to 11 basis points higher in January than in December. Increasing rates works as banks replace four‐fifths of the lost NIBDs with IBDs. We also find that, following NIBD outflows, banks resist cutting lending but pass the increases in the cost of funds onto borrowers. Banks do cut lending in response to total deposit outflows, but only in the pre‐crisis period.