bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific disruptions in spatial memory and anhedonia in a “two hit” rat model correspond with alterations in hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor expression and signaling
Authors: Hill Rachel A. , Klug Maren , Kiss Von Soly Szerenke , Binder Michele D. , Hannan Anthony J. , van den Buuse Maarten 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPost‐mortem studies have demonstrated reduced expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus of schizophrenia and major depression patients. The “two hit” hypothesis proposes that two or more major disruptions at specific time points during development are involved in the pathophysiology of these mental illnesses. However, the role of BDNF in these “two hit” effects is unclear. Our aim was to behaviorally characterize a “two hit” rat model of developmental stress accompanied by an in‐depth assessment of BDNF expression and signalling. Wistar rats were exposed to neonatal maternal separation (MS) stress and/or adolescent/young‐adult corticosterone (CORT) treatment. In adulthood, models of cognitive and negative symptoms of mental illness were analyzed. The hippocampus was then dissected into dorsal (DHP) and ventral (VHP) regions and analyzed by qPCR for exon‐specific BDNF gene expression or by Western blot for BDNF protein expression and downstream signaling. Male “two hit” rats showed marked disruptions in short‐term spatial memory (Y‐maze) which were absent in females. However, female “two hit” rats showed signs of anhedonia (sucrose preference test), which were absent in males. Novel object recognition and anxiety (elevated plus maze) were unchanged by either of the two “hits”. In the DHP, MS caused a male‐specific increase in BDNF Exons I, II, IV, VII, and IX mRNA but a decrease in mature BDNF and phosphorylated TrkB (pTrkB) protein expression in adulthood. In the VHP, BDNF transcript expression was unchanged; however, in female rats only, MS significantly decreased mature BDNF and pTrkB protein expression in adulthood. These data demonstrate that MS causes region‐specific and sex‐specific long‐term effects on BDNF expression and signaling and, importantly, mRNA expression does not always infer protein expression. Alterations to BDNF signaling may mediate the sex‐specific effects of developmental stress on anhedonic behaviors. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Loss of Gsα Early in the Osteoblast Lineage Favors Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Progenitors and Committed Osteoblast Precursors
Authors: Sinha Partha , Aarnisalo Piia , Chubb Rhiannon , Ono Noriaki , Fulzele Keertik , Selig Martin , Saeed Hamid , Chen Min , Weinstein Lee S , Pajevic Paola Divieti , Kronenberg Henry M , Wu Joy Y 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

In humans, aging and glucocorticoid treatment are associated with reduced bone mass and increased marrow adiposity, suggesting that the differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes may be coordinately regulated. Within the bone marrow, both osteoblasts and adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal progenitor cells, but the mechanisms guiding the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into osteoblast versus adipocyte lineages are not fully defined. The heterotrimeric G protein subunit Gsα activates protein kinase A signaling downstream of several G protein-coupled receptors including the parathyroid hormone receptor, and plays a crucial role in regulating bone mass. Here, we show that targeted ablation of Gsα in early osteoblast precursors, but not in differentiated osteocytes, results in a dramatic increase in bone marrow adipocytes. Mutant mice have reduced numbers of mesenchymal progenitors overall, with an increase in the proportion of progenitors committed to the adipocyte lineage. Furthermore, cells committed to the osteoblast lineage retain adipogenic potential both in vitro and in vivo. These findings have clinical implications for developing therapeutic approaches to direct the commitment of mesenchymal progenitors into the osteoblast lineage. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Postsurgical Hypoparathyroidism—Risk of Fractures, Psychiatric Diseases, Cancer, Cataract, and Infections
Authors: Underbjerg Line , Sikjaer Tanja , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Data on co-morbidity in patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) are sparse. We aimed to assess risk of fractures, spinal stenosis, cataract, neuropsychiatric diseases, cancer, and infections within the historic cohort of patients with postsurgical HypoPT due to non-malignant causes that we previously have characterized. Patients were identified through the Danish National Patient Registry and regional prescription databases, with subsequent validation of their individual hospital records. Identified cases were matched with three age- (± 2 yr) and gender-matched controls from the general background population. Compared with controls, patients did not have an increased risk of cataract (p = 0.52), spinal stenosis (p = 0.59), or any fracture (p = 0.98). However, the risk of fractures at the upper extremities was significantly decreased in patients (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.97). Compared with controls, patients had a significantly increased risk of hospitalization due to infections (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.20–1.67) and depression/bipolar affective disorders (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.14–3.46). The risk of malignant diseases did not differ between groups although the risk of gastrointestinal cancers was significantly lower in patients compared with controls (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.44–0.93). In conclusion, HypoPT is associated with an increased risk of depression and other types of neuropsychiatric diseases as well as infections, whereas patients seem to be protected against fractures at the upper extremities and gastrointestinal malignancies. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) derived from a human cell line compared with rFSH from a non‐human cell line
Authors: Olsson Håkan , Sandström Rikard , Grundemar Lars 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel recombinant follicle‐stimulating hormone (rFSH) preparation (FE 999049), expressed by a human cell line (PER.C6), was compared with an rFSH preparation (follitropin α) expressed by a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line in healthy pituitary‐suppressed women. Following single intravenous administration of 225 IU (Steelman–Pohley assay), the clearance was lower, 0.31 versus 0.44 L/h, for FE 999049 than for follitropin α. Likewise, the apparent clearance after repeated daily subcutaneous administrations was lower, 0.58 versus 0.99 L/h, and AUC and Cmax higher, 1.7‐ and 1.6‐fold. The absolute bioavailability after a single subcutaneous dose of 450 IU was similar for both preparations, 60–65%. After repeated subcutaneous administration the elimination half‐life was approximately 30 and 24 hours for FE 999049 and follitropin α. The ovarian responses by number of follicles and serum concentrations of inhibin B and estradiol, were higher with FE 999049 than with follitropin α, AUC and Cmax for the two latter being >1.6‐fold greater with FE 999049 than with follitropin α. These results indicate that administration of equal doses of FE 999049, expressed in a human cell line, and follitropin α, expressed in a CHO cell line, display different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in humans.
The three‐dimensional structure and catalytic activity of Candida rugosa lipase against acetaldehyde
Authors: Liu Xue‐Ying , Zeng Hong‐Yan , Peng Deng‐Hong , Gohi Bi Foua Claude Alain , Fan Bin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDA hydrolysis of glyceryltrioleate catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was carried out to investigate the interaction of acetaldehyde and CRL. Acetaldehyde at low‐dose stimulated CRL activity, but decreased it at high‐dose, confirming a typical hormetic phenomenon. The interaction of CRL and low‐dose acetaldehyde was investigated by spectroscopic and molecular docking methods.RESULTSAcetaldehyde (0.2215 mmol L−1) increased α‐helix and β‐sheet contents of CRL, and enhanced CRL affinity for the substrate based on ATR‐FTIR, fluorescence and kinetic analyses. In docking studies, it was found that hydrogen bonds were formed separately between acetaldehyde and the five amino acid residues of CRL molecules, namely Trp188 and Ser389 in α‐helix segments, Ser209 in β‐turn region, Gly124 and Gly342 in random coil regions. And the formation of another hydrogen bond between Glu341 in the catalytic triad and Gln338 in the active pocket was also attributed to the change of the hydrophobic cleft conformation from the interaction of acetaldehyde and CRL.CONCLUSIONThe formed hydrogen bonds produced a profound distortion of the secondary structure of CRL molecules, which enhanced the affinity of CRL to the substrate leading to the increase of CRL activity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy: a process analytical tool for host cell DNA and RNA dynamics in mammalian cell lines
Authors: Ashton Lorna , Hogwood Catherine E.M. , Tait Andrew S. , Kuligowski Julia , Smales C. Mark , Bracewell Daniel G. , Dickson Alan J. , Goodacre Royston 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDRecent advances in Raman spectroscopy have resulted in the development of rapid, in situ Raman probes that can identify and allow the assessment of the quality of complex constituents in mammalian cell culture. One specific Raman technique, UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, has potential as a probe for residual cellular DNA and RNA in mammalian cell culture medium.RESULTSVariations in DNA and RNA UVRR spectral profiles of medium‐cellular footprint samples were identified and related to time of harvest and increased cell lysis that is associated with a loss in cell viability. Increased DNA and RNA were also observed in the cell culture supernatant in response to sodium butyrate treatment. Variation in DNA and RNA profiles as a result of both primary and secondary clarification methods during downstream bioprocessing could also be determined with UVRR spectroscopy.CONCLUSIONSThis study has demonstrated the utility of UVRR spectroscopy as a tool to monitor variations in residual DNA and RNA that may contaminate cell culture medium. Application of this technique has the potential for both improvement of recovery techniques and assurance of reliable clearance of DNA/RNA to acceptable safety levels. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Exergy analysis of energy‐intensive production processes: advancing towards a sustainable chemical industry
Authors: Luis Patricia , Van der Bruggen Bart 
Published: May 2014

AbstractExergy analysis is becoming a very powerful strategy to evaluate the real efficiency of a process. Its application in the chemical industry is still at an early stage but many interesting remarks can be obtained from the recent research in the most energy intensive processes of the chemical industry: the production of chemicals, the cement industry, the paper industry and, the iron and steel industry. The present review analyzes the opportunities and challenges in those sectors by considering exergy analyses as the first required step (although not sufficient) to advance towards a more sustainable chemical industry. Social, environmental and economic factors play a role in the critical evaluation of a process and exergy could be considered as the property that joins together those three cores of sustainability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Automated segmentation of visceral and subcutaneous (deep and superficial) adipose tissues in normal and overweight men
Authors: Sadananthan Suresh Anand , Prakash Bhanu , Leow Melvin Khee‐Shing , Khoo Chin Meng , Chou Hong , Venkataraman Kavita , Khoo Eric Y.H. , Lee Yung Seng , Gluckman Peter D. , Tai E. Shyong , Velan S. Sendhil 
Published: May 2014

PurposeTo develop an automatic segmentation algorithm to classify abdominal adipose tissues into visceral fat (VAT), deep (DSAT), and superficial (SSAT) subcutaneous fat compartments and evaluate its performance against manual segmentation.Materials and MethodsData were acquired from 44 normal (BMI 18.0–22.9 kg/m2) and 38 overweight (BMI 23.0–29.9 kg/m2) subjects at 3T using a two‐point Dixon sequence. A fully automatic segmentation algorithm was developed to segment the fat depots. The first part of the segmentation used graph cuts to separate the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues and the second step employed a modified level sets approach to classify deep and superficial subcutaneous tissues. The algorithmic results of segmentation were validated against the ground truth generated by manual segmentation.ResultsThe proposed algorithm showed good performance with Dice similarity indices of VAT/DSAT/SSAT: 0.92/0.82/0.88 against the ground truth. The study of the fat distribution showed that there is a steady increase in the proportion of DSAT and a decrease in the proportion of SSAT with increasing obesity.ConclusionThe presented technique provides an accurate approach for the segmentation and quantification of abdominal fat depots. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:924–934. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rice fortification with zinc during parboiling may improve the adequacy of zinc intakes in Bangladesh
Authors: Hotz Christine , Kabir Khandaker A , Dipti Sharifa S , Arsenault Joanne E , Bipul Moniruzzaman 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDZinc deficiency is prevalent among children and women in Bangladesh and parboiled rice is the major staple food consumed. Parboiling offers an opportunity to increase the zinc and iron content of rice by adding fortificants to the soaking water.RESULTSRice zinc content increased with increasing amounts of zinc sulfate added to the parboil soaking water. Addition of 1300 mg zinc L−1 increased raw polished rice zinc content from 16.6 to 44.9 mg kg−1 and from 12.6 to 32.9 mg kg−1 in the open and closed parboiling systems, equivalent to 170% and 161% increases, respectively. Retention of zinc after washing and cooking was 70–81% across all concentrations tested. Addition of iron–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and zinc sulfate together increased zinc, but not iron, content of polished rice. The simulated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake was reduced by more than half among children and nearly two‐thirds among women if 50% of the population were to consume the 1300 mg zinc L−1 parboiled fortified rice.CONCLUSIONAddition of zinc sulfate to soaking water during parboiling increases the zinc content of rice and, if found to be bioavailable, could substantially reduce the prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by children and women in Bangladesh. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
High Incidence of Discontinuations Due to Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Ceftaroline
Authors: Jain Rupali , Chan Jeannie D. , Rogers Lisa , Dellit Timothy H. , Lynch John B. , Pottinger Paul S. 
Published: May 2014

Study ObjectiveTo determine clinical outcomes in patients who received ceftaroline (Teflaro) 600 mg intravenously every 8 or 12 hours after failing or developing intolerance to first‐line agents including vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid.DesignRetrospective chart review and review of the literature.SettingLarge academic medical center and regional Level 1 trauma and burn center.PatientsTwelve patients who received ceftaroline for the treatment of refractory methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus infections between March 2011 and October 2012.Measurements and Main ResultsCeftaroline was discontinued in 9 (75%) of 12 patients secondary to adverse effects. The average age of patients who discontinued ceftaroline was 53 years, with a mean body mass index of 29 kg/m2 and an average of four comorbidities (range one to eight). The median time to discontinuation due to perceived adverse effect was 22 days (range 5–62 days). The reasons for discontinuation of therapy were hematologic toxicities in seven patients and severe rash in two patients. Two patients completed therapy without documented adverse events, and one patient died on day 9 of ceftaroline therapy.ConclusionWhen given for off‐label indications to 12 patients at our institutions, ceftaroline was associated with an unexpectedly high rate (75%) of discontinuation due to perceived adverse events, including hematologic toxicities and rash.
Polyethylene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) diblock copolymers: synthesis and compatibility
Authors: Mu Jing‐shan , Yang Fei , Liu Zhong‐su , Li Yue‐sheng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA strategy is introduced for the synthesis of polyethylene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) block copolymers by a combination of coordination polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization. First, end‐hydroxylated polyethylene (PE‐OH) was prepared with a one‐step process through ethylene/3‐buten‐1‐ol copolymerization catalyzed by a vanadium(III) complex bearing a bidentate [N,O] ligand ([PhNC(CH3)CHC(Ph)O]VCl2(THF)2). The PE‐OH was then used as macroinitiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone, leading to the desired nonpolar/polar diblock copolymers. The block structure was confirmed by spectral analysis using 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. The unusual topologies of the model copolymers will establish a fundamental understanding for structure–property correlations, e.g. compatibilization, of polymer blends and surface and interface modification of other polymers. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ab initio reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate mediated by poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene trithiocarbonate
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Wang Hailong , Zhang Lin , Ma Jianzhong 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAb initio reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization of styrene/butyl acrylate was investigated with the trithiocarbonate macro‐RAFT agent poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene (PAA‐b‐PS) as a stabilizer and a RAFT agent. Influences of the amount of ammonium persulfate (APS), the amount of PAA‐b‐PS and the mass ratio of monomers on emulsion polymerization and film properties are discussed. The particle morphology exhibited spherical‐like structure with particles of about 90 nm in diameter and relatively narrow particle size distribution characterized using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic laser scattering. Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR spectra showed that the styrene/butyl acrylate emulsion was successfully synthesized. The monomer conversion increased initially with increasing amount of APS, from 0.4 up to 0.8 wt%, and then decreased. The particle size increased and its distribution decreased gradually with increasing amount of APS. The monomer conversion increased from 76.83 to 94.21% as the amount of PAA‐b‐PS increased from 3 to 4 wt%, and then decreased with further increase of PAA‐b‐PS. The particle size decreased and its distribution increased with increasing amount of PAA‐b‐PS. The water resistance and solvent resistance of the polymer films initially increased and then decreased with decreasing mass ratio of butyl acrylate to styrene. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Core–shell polypyrrole nanoparticles obtained by atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization
Authors: Vasquez‐Ortega Miguelina , Ortega Mauricio , Morales Juan , Olayo M Guadalupe , Cruz Guillermo J , Olayo Roberto 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPolypyrrole hollow nanoparticles were prepared by atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization. The structure of the nanoparticles was studied using Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopies and atomic force microscopy. In contrast to low‐pressure plasma polymerization of pyrrole, which can produce films and solid nanoparticles, we obtained two types of hollow nanoparticles: a fraction with single spherical core and another with a core composed of small bubbles. Thermal characterization allowed us to determine that the nanoparticles are composed of highly crosslinked polymer. A mechanism that explains the formation of both types of hollow nanoparticles as well as solid nanoparticles is proposed. Chemical characterization shows that, in addition to the expected chemical structures due to pyrrole polymerization, the high energy of the plasma at atmospheric pressure produces intense dehydrogenation and oxidation processes. The fluorescence spectrum of the nanoparticles, however, shows a peak at 482 nm indicating that some degree of π‐conjugation is present in the material. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel temperature and pH dual‐responsive hybrid hydrogel with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as crosslinker: synthesis, characterization and drug release properties
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Li Chong , Hu Yuelei , Liu Ruixue , He Linghao , Fang Shaoming 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOctavinyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OVPS) is used as the crosslinker instead of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) to copolymerize with 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) or DMAEMA and N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) to prepare hybrid hydrogels: P(OVPS‐co‐DMAEMA) and P(OVPS‐co‐DMAEMA‐co‐NIPAM). The prepared hydrogels are transparent and show dual response to temperature and pH. The hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile tests. Their mechanical properties, swelling ratio, deswelling and reswelling behaviors as well as drug release properties were investigated. The results indicate that OVPS can be incorporated into polymer networks in proportion to feed ratios. The P(OVPS‐co‐DMAEMA) hydrogel exhibits more homogeneous interior structure, higher swelling ratio and faster response than the conventional hydrogel prepared with BIS. Moreover, the incorporation of OVPS enhances the compression and tensile properties of the hydrogels. The feed ratios of OVPS and NIPAM have a great effect on volume phase transition temperature, thermal sensitivity, swelling behavior, mechanical properties and drug release properties of the hybrid hydrogels. The prepared dual‐responsive OVPS‐containing hydrogels are expected to be used as biomedical materials in drug release and tissue engineering. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Two types of q‐deformed Wigner algebra
Authors: Sang Chung W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper we introduce two types of q‐deformed Wigner algebras. One is q‐deformation of Wigner algebra with q‐reflection symmetry and another is q‐deformation of Wigner algebra with reflection symmetry. For two types of q‐deformed Wigner algebras, we investigate the representation and the eigenvalue of the position operator. Like q‐calculus, we introduce the (q; ν)‐ numbers, (q; ν)‐derivatives and (q; ν)‐Hermite polynomials for two algebras. For the deformation parameter q = 1 ‐ ϵ with small ϵ, we discuss the thermodynamics of the particle obeying the q‐deformed Wigner algebra.
Distributed consensus filter on directed switching graphs
Authors: Li Shuai , Guo Yi 
Published: May 2014

SummaryWe consider distributed estimation on a directed graph with switching topologies. Motivated by a recent PI consensus filter, we modify the protocol and remove the requirement of bidirectional exchange of neighboring gains for fixed topologies. We then extend the protocol to switching topologies and propose a new hybrid consensus filter design. Convergence results under both balanced directed, and general directed graphs are given for switching graphs. Consensus error bounds are analytically derived in the case of time‐varying inputs. Satisfactory simulation results are shown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.