bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory T Cell–Derived Adenosine Induces Dendritic Cell Migration through the Epac-Rap1 Pathway
Authors: Ring Sabine , Pushkarevskaya Anna , Schild Hansjörg , Probst Hans Christian , Jendrossek Verena , Wirsdörfer Florian , Ledent Catherine , Robson Simon Christopher , Enk Alexander H. , Mahnke Karsten 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are one target for immune suppression by regulatory T cells (Treg), because their interaction results in reduced T cell stimulatory capacity and secretion of inhibitory cytokines in DC. We show that DC in the presence of Treg are more mobile as compared with cocultures with conventional CD4+ T cells and form DC–Treg aggregates within 2 h of culture. The migration of DC was specifically directed toward Treg, as Treg, but not CD4+ T cells, attracted DC in Boyden chambers. Treg deficient for the ectonucleotidase CD39 were unable to attract DC. Likewise, addition of antagonists for A2A adenosine receptors abolished the formation of DC–Treg clusters, indicating a role for adenosine in guiding DC–Treg interactions. Analysis of the signal transduction events in DC after contact to Treg revealed increased levels of cAMP, followed by activation of Epac1 and the GTPase Rap1. Subsequently activated Rap1 localized to the subcortical actin cytoskeleton in DC, providing a means by which directed locomotion of DC toward Treg is facilitated. In aggregate, these data show that Treg degrade ATP to adenosine via CD39, attracting DC by activating Epac1-Rap1–dependent pathways. As a consequence, DC–Treg clusters are formed and DC are rendered less stimulatory. This adenosine-mediated attraction of DC may therefore act as one mechanism by which Treg regulate the induction of immune responses by DC.
A Role for APPL1 in TLR3/4-Dependent TBK1 and IKKε Activation in Macrophages
Authors: Chau Tieu-Lan , Göktuna Serkan Ismail , Rammal Ayman , Casanova Tomás , Duong Hong-Quan , Gatot Jean-Stéphane , Close Pierre , Dejardin Emmanuel , Desmecht Daniel , Shostak Kateryna , Chariot Alain 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Endosomes have important roles in intracellular signal transduction as a sorting platform. Signaling cascades from TLR engagement to IRF3-dependent gene transcription rely on endosomes, yet the proteins that specifically recruit IRF3-activating molecules to them are poorly defined. We show that adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin-homology domain, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain, and a leucine zipper motif (APPL)1, an early endosomal protein, is required for both TRIF- and retinoic acid–inducible gene 1–dependent signaling cascades to induce IRF3 activation. APPL1, but not early endosome Ag 1, deficiency impairs IRF3 target gene expression upon engagement of both TLR3 and TLR4 pathways, as well as in H1N1-infected macrophages. The IRF3-phosphorylating kinases TBK1 and IKKε are recruited to APPL1 endosomes in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Interestingly, APPL1 undergoes proteasome-mediated degradation through ERK1/2 to turn off signaling. APPL1 degradation is blocked when signaling through the endosome is inhibited by chloroquine or dynasore. Therefore, APPL1 endosomes are critical for IRF3-dependent gene expression in response to some viral and bacterial infections in macrophages. Those signaling pathways involve the signal-induced degradation of APPL1 to prevent aberrant IRF3-dependent gene expression linked to immune diseases.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mce3E Suppresses Host Innate Immune Responses by Targeting ERK1/2 Signaling
Authors: Li Jie , Chai Qi-Yao , Zhang Yong , Li Bing-Xi , Wang Jing , Qiu Xiao-Bo , Liu Cui Hua 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Crucial to the pathogenesis of the tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is its ability to subvert host immune defenses to promote its intracellular survival. The mammalian cell entry protein 3E (Mce3E), located in the region of difference 15 of the M. tuberculosis genome and absent in Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, has an essential role in facilitating the internalization of mammalian cells by mycobacteria. However, relatively little is known about the role of Mce3E in modulation of host innate immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that Mce3E inhibits the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, leading to the suppression of Tnf and Il6 expression, and the promotion of mycobacterial survival within macrophages. Mce3E interacts and colocalizes with ERK1/2 at the endoplasmic reticulum in a DEF motif (an ERK-docking motif)–dependent manner, relocates ERK1/2 from cytoplasm to the endoplasmic reticulum, and finally reduces the association of ERK1/2 with MEK1 and blocks the nuclear translocation of phospho-ERK1/2. A DEF motif mutant form of Mce3E (F294A) loses its ability to suppress Tnf and Il6 expression and to promote intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway in macrophages using U0126, a specific inhibitor of the ERK pathway, also leads to the suppressed Tnf and Il6 expression and the enhanced intracellular survival of mycobacteria. Taken together, these results suggest that M. tuberculosis Mce3E exploits the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to suppress host innate immune responses, providing a potential Mce3E–ERK1/2 interface–based drug target against M. tuberculosis.
Oil and Governance in Uganda
Authors: Manyak Terrell George 
Published: March 2015

Many critical governance issues were created with the discovery of major oil deposits in Uganda. Because developing countries like Uganda lack strong institutional foundations, it is widely assumed that riches flowing from oil will result in huge sums of money being diverted to politicians while the country ends up worse off in the long run. Uganda certainly faces this “natural resource curse,” but the potential for corruption is only one of many governance issues arising from the potential of oil riches. The government needs to work effectively with foreign oil companies and neighboring countries to recover and transport the oil. It must also establish institutions and procedures to manage its new oil economy. Moreover, questions must be answered regarding ownership the oil producing lands and how the fragile environment of the country can be protected.
Van stedelijk onderzoek naar praktijken voor probleembewerking
Authors: Duiveman Robert M. 
Published: March 2015

Urban research as practices for problem structuring
In his much praised book on mayors, Benjamin Barber argues it’s up to cities to address the world’s most acute problems. These include wicked problems such as climate change, terrorism, poverty and trafficking of drugs, weapons and humans. Cities are not only excellent problem solvers, they are also given a prominent role in innovation and economics, democracy and citizenship, and more recently domestic care. Complicated, wicked and thus knowledge intensive problems are stacking up at the local level. But where to get the appropriate knowledge to tackle these issues?
De netwerkende burgemeester: beweging tussen binnen en buiten
Authors: van der Steen Martijn , de Jong Ilsa 
Published: March 2015

The networking mayor
Worldwide, cities are becoming increasingly important in global networks. The rise of cities and urban regions is widely described in academic literature. Cities are becoming essential players in networks on three scales: on an international scale as a hub in global networks, on a regional scale in partnerships as a consequence of the necessity of upscaling and on a local scale, in cooperation with citizens. This article addresses what this rise of the city, operating in complex networks on different scales, means for the position and tasks of the mayor, as a representative of the city. The article describes the modern challenges for the mayoral function and role in an emerging network society and addresses the growing importance of strong personal and transactional leadership while operating in networks both inside and outside the municipality.
Van Slingelandt-lezing: wie stuurt er (in) de stad?
Authors: de Jong Henk 
Published: March 2015

Van Slingelandt-lezing: who manages (in) the town?
Henk de Jong, former chief clerk of the municipality of Amsterdam, spent some years as a management consultant in New York. Back home, he describes what the Netherlands can learn from the American way of managing big cities. Klaartje Peters, professor of Maastricht University, reflects on the lessons he draws.
Zijn eco-steden ook slim? En zijn slimme steden ook eco?
Authors: de Jong Martin , Joss Simon , Schraven Daan , Zhan Changjie , Weijnen Margot 
Published: March 2015

Sustainable-Smart-Resilient-Low Carbon-Eco-Knowledge Cities; Making sense of a multitude of concepts promoting sustainable urbanization
Over the last couple of decades, metropolitan areas around the world have been engaged in a multitude of initiatives aimed at upgrading urban infrastructure and services, in an effort to create better environmental, social and economic conditions and to enhance cities’ attractiveness and competitiveness. Reflecting these developments, many new categories of ‘cities’ have entered the policy discourse: ‘sustainable cities’; ‘green cities’; ‘digital cities’; ‘intelligent cities’; ‘smart cities’; ‘information cities’; ‘knowledge cities’; ‘resilient cities’; ‘eco-cities’; ‘low carbon cities’; ‘liveable cities’; and even combinations, such as ‘low carbon eco-cities’ and ‘ubiquitous eco-cities’. Each of these terms apparently seeks to capture and conceptualize key aspects of ongoing urban sustainability efforts. Closer examination, however, reveals that the terms are often used interchangeably by policy makers, planners and developers alike. In this article we examine the reflection of the wider policy debate in academic discourse. By subjecting the twelve most frequently encountered categories mentioned above to bibliometric analysis, we aim to identify the distinct conceptual perspectives harbored by each of them.
Slotartikel: Het oplossend vermogen van living labs
Authors: van Bueren Ellen , Karré Philip Marcel , Vanhommerig Iris 
Published: March 2015

Conclusions on the city as a lab for social change
In this closing article we summarize the results of the individual articles of this themed issue and draw common lessons. With regard to cities as living labs, we conclude that three challenges need more attention: (1) unclear or contradictory goals and expectations, (2) organizational confusion, and (3) the lack of institutional links. Based on these, we offer a number of recommendations for research and practice in public administration.
Is er een trade-off tussen wetenschappelijke impact en praktijkrelevantie?
Authors: Groeneveld Sandra , Bouwman Robin , Van de Walle Steven 
Published: March 2015

Is there a trade-off between scientific impact and practical relevance?
This article examines whether there is a trade-off between publishing articles in international peer reviewed journals vis-à-vis national and professional work among scholars in the administrative and political sciences. A cluster analysis on their publications results in three publishing profiles: a professional profile, an international profile and a traditional profile. The professional profile author publishes a relatively high number of professional publications. The international profile author publishes a relatively high number of international peer-reviewed papers. The traditional author profile is characterized by a lower number of publications and a more balanced distribution of publications in both international and national categories. The profiles showcase that indeed there is a trade-off between publishing international scientific articles and publishing for practitioners, but only to some extent. Furthermore, the profiles are associated with the university where authors are employed and whether they got their Ph.D. at a Dutch university or abroad.
A Sobrecarga de Recursos de Tecnologias Móveis na Atividade de Gestão de Portfólio
Authors: Marcolin Carla Bonato , Freitas Henrique Mello Rodrigues de , Behr Ariel 
Published: March 2015

O ambiente organizacional está cada vez mais embebido em tecnologias, que proporcionam novas formas de interação entre indivíduos e entre empresas. As tecnologias móveis, posicionadas nesse ambiente, são tecnologias que transformam o cenário dos gestores, trazendo facilidades e desafios ao mesmo tempo. Analisar a participação destas tecnologias na vida gerencial é relevante para poder perceber como os gestores lidam com elementos emergentes da intensa integração de suas atividades com as tecnologias móveis e todas as suas possibilidades. Neste cenário, os gestores de portfólio financeiro lidam adicionalmente com uma transformação na sua profissão. A queda da rentabilidade do mercado de capitais fez com que uma série de produtos de investimentos proliferassem, exigindo desse profissional não apenas habilidades de operador, como também de gestor e aconselhador financeiro, para conseguir atrair e guiar seus clientes dentro de tantas novas opções disponíveis. Por meio de um estudo com 11 gestores, procurou-se aprofundar em elementos a respeito da sobrecarga dos recursos de tecnologia móvel, e de como estes profissionais encaram as questões abordadas na sua rotina.
Effects of selenium on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Jiang Chaoqiang , Zu Chaolong , Shen Jia , Shao Fuwen , Li Tian 
Published: March 2015

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Selenium (Se) supply (0, 3, 6, 12, 24 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) on the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, Se accumulation and distribution of flue-cured tobacco (<em>Nicotiana tabacum</em> L.). Results showed that low-dose Se treatments (≤6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) stimulated plant growth but high-dose Se treatments (≥12 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) hindered plant growth. Optimal Se dose (6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) stimulated plant growth by reducing MDA content and improving photosynthetic capability. However, excess Se (24 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) increased MDA content by 28%, decreased net photosynthetic rate and carboxylation efficiency by 34% and 39%, respectively. The Se concentration in the roots, stems, and leaves of the tobacco plants significantly increased with increasing Se application. A linear correlation (<em>R</em> = 0.95, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) was observed between Se level and tobacco plant tissue Se concentration. This correlation indicated that the tobacco plant tissues were not saturated within the concentration range tested. The pattern of total Se concentration in the tobacco plant tissues followed the order root &gt; leaf &gt; stem. The Se concentration in the roots was 3.17 and 7.57 times higher than that in the leaves and stems, respectively, after treatment with 24 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> Se. In conclusion, the present study suggested that optimal Se dose (6 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) improved the plant growth mainly by enhancing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, carboxylation efficiency and Rubisco content in the flue-cured tobacco leaves. However, the inhibition of excess Se on tobacco growth might be due to high accumulation of Se in roots and the damage of photosynthesis in leaves.
Reticular telangiectatic erythema: case report and literature review
Authors: Buetler Bryce D. , Cohen Philip R. 
Published: March 2015

Background: Reticular telangiectatic erythema is a benign cutaneous reaction that may occur in patients who have received a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Reticular telangiectatic erythema is characterized by asymptomatic telangiectasias, blanchable erythematous patches, or both overlying and/or adjacent to the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.
Purpose: We describe a man who developed reticular telangiectatic erythema after receiving a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and review the salient features of this condition. We also summarize the conditions that can mimic reticular telangiectatic erythema.
Materials and methods: The features of a man with reticular telangiectatic erythema are presented and the literature on reticular telangiectatic erythema is reviewed.
Results: Our patient developed reticular telangiectatic erythema within one month of subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion. The subcutaneous manifestations were asymptomatic. The patient concurred to have periodic clinical follow up and his condition will be monitored for any changes.
Conclusion: Reticular telangiectatic erythema is a benign condition characterized by the development of erythema, telangiectasia, or both following insertion of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Other subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-related side effects, such as pressure dermatitis and contact dermatitis, can mimic the condition. Reticular telangiectatic erythema can also be observed following insertion of other devices or, rarely, in the absence of inserted devices. Local microcirculatory changes and subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator-related obstruction of blood flow have been suggested as possible mechanisms of pathogenesis. The diagnosis can usually be established by clinical presentation. Therefore, patch testing can usually be omitted. Reticular telangiectatic erythema is typically asymptomatic and thus removal of the device is not required.
The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon
Authors: Vivas-Colmenares Grecia V. , Ramirez-Villar Gema L. , Matute de Cardenas Jose A. , Bernabeu-Wittel Jose , Fernandez-Pineda Israel 
Published: March 2015

Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a locally aggressive vascular tumor that may be complicated by Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP), a profound thrombocytopenia resulting from platelet trapping within a vascular tumor, either KHE or tufted angioma (TA). Typical features also include low fibrinogen and elevated D-dimers. It is well known that KMP is not caused by infantile hemangiomas. Management of vascular tumors complicated by KMP is challenging, and it is common for referral centers to receive patients in critical medical condition after multimodality treatment failure of vascular anomalies. Our aim is to communicate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of KHE associated with KMP. A full-term male newborn with KHE complicated by KMP is reported. Treatment with vincristine, aspirin and ticlopidine normalized the coagulation parameters within one week, requiring a total of six doses of vincristine, seven months of ticlopidine and 17 months of aspirin. Early diagnosis and treatment of KHE complicated by KMP may allow the administration of fewer doses of vincristine and avoid the use of corticosteroids.
Le corail, la dynamite et autres objets hétéroclites. Originalité et nouveauté par l’image
Authors: Coulombe Maxime 
Published: March 2015

L’artiste contemporain et le chercheur en sciences humaines partagent un même objectif : offrir une meilleure compréhension du monde dans lequel nous prenons place. Tous deux veillent à proposer des perspectives capables de donner sens au chaos d’informations, à la réalité qui nous entoure. Aussi n’est-il pas étonnant qu’ils partagent des méthodes communes. L’une d’elles, objet de cet article, consiste à proposer des images étonnantes qui, par leur originalité même, offrent un éclairage singulier sur la réalité. Nous suivrons ainsi la piste de la philosophie de Gilles Deleuze et de Félix Guattari et nous analyserons leur recours à des images botaniques et animalières pour réfléchir sur la pensée occidentale et la question du désir. Nous approcherons la pensée de Giorgio Agamben et tenterons de comprendre son usage d’images fortes, souvent choquantes comme propositions d’analyses historiques et sociales. Ces deux approches philosophiques pourraient nous inciter à croire que cet usage d’images, de métaphores – à donner à ce terme un sens cognitif –, est le propre de disciplines abstraites. Il n’en est rien ; le rôle du corail comme dessin et comme motif chez Charles Darwin, dans sa compréhension de l’évolution des espèces, montre bien que ce dernier n’a pu faire émerger sa nouvelle théorie qu’en prenant un objet, une image singulière comme levier. Dans le champ de l’art, nous recourons à deux exemples. Celui d’abord de l’exposition Intrus, présentée au Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec du 24 avril 2008 au 8 février 2009, qui permit, par la rencontre entre des oeuvres d’art contemporain et des oeuvres du passé, d’éclairer celles-ci d’une lumière nouvelle. Celui ensuite de l’oeuvre Lovers (2004) de David Altmejd, qui, si elle semble visuellement commenter le titre qui l’accompagne, ouvre plus profondément à une relecture de ces amoureux qui s’enlacent, voire des effets de l’amour.
Des formes de vie à la restitution du présent. De l’artiste anthropologue à l’archéologue1
Authors: Fraser Marie 
Published: March 2015

Cet article examine la volonté de certains artistes d’agir à l’intérieur d’un réel à l’état brut, non plus imaginé ou utopique. Les interventions artistiques ayant pris forme dans des contextes urbains, sociaux et politiques ou ayant misé sur des collaborations avec des communautés sont particulièrement marquantes au Québec depuis les dernières décennies. Relevant de la praxis, c’est-à-dire de la possibilité d’agir à partir de, dans et sur sa propre réalité, sa propre culture, de telles démarches artistiques adopteraient la posture de l’ethnologue. Cette analogie permettrait de mieux saisir comment l’art reformule son rapport à la réalité, mais aussi comment il interroge sa propre contemporanéité. Dans un premier temps, cet article fait un retour sur trois textes fondamentaux pour contextualiser cette posture de l’artiste ethnologue et son potentiel d’action sur la réalité : « L’auteur comme producteur » de Walter Benjamin, « The Artist as Anthropologist » de Joseph Kosuth et « Portrait de l’artiste en ethnographe » de Hal Foster. Il introduit également une nouvelle figure, celle de l’artiste archéologue qui cherche à mettre au jour des vestiges matériels non pas tant pour déterrer le passé que pour creuser le présent. Dans un deuxième temps, cette double posture est analysée en relation avec une étude de cas. Depuis ses premières collectes de poussière à la fin des années 1990, Raphaëlle de Groot mène des enquêtes de terrain, utilise les méthodes et les outils de l’ethnologue et de l’archéologue et s’intéresse aux mêmes sujets : elle choisit un lieu, pénètre sa culture et l’étudie, apprend son langage, tisse des liens avec des communautés et sollicite la participation des gens. Une fois les premières étapes de fouille et de cueillette complétées, elle conserve les traces de ses projets, procède à des classifications et présente les résultats sous forme d’archives.
Le fédéralisme canadien peut-il encore être réformé1 ?
Authors: Courtois Stéphane 
Published: March 2015

J’entends analyser dans ce texte trois raisons pour lesquelles une réforme substantielle du fédéralisme canadien, réforme allant dans le sens d’une reconnaissance constitutionnelle de la nation québécoise et des demandes traditionnelles du Québec, semble improbable dans un avenir prévisible. Ces raisons ont à voir avec les coûts politiques, symboliques et constitutionnels d’une telle réforme. J’entends montrer que ces raisons ne sont pas conjoncturelles mais structurelles : même dans des circonstances optimales, l’État fédéral résisterait, pour les raisons que j’analyse, à une proposition de réforme constitutionnelle.