bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of healthcare visits from influenza in subjects with diabetes and impacts of early vaccination
Authors: Horswell Ronald , Chu San , Stone Addison E , Fort Daniel , Uwaifo Gabriel , Fonseca Vivian A , Norton Elizabeth B 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe objective of this study was to determine the burden of influenza disease in patients with or without diabetes in a population of American adults to understand the benefits of seasonal vaccination.Research design and methodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records totaling 1,117,263 from two Louisiana healthcare providers spanning January 2012 through December 2017. Adults 18 years or older with two or more records within the study period were included. The primary outcome quantified was influenza-related diagnosis during inpatient (IP) or emergency room (ER) visits and risk reduction with the timing of immunization.ResultsInfluenza-related IP or ER visits totaled 0.0122–0.0169 events per person within the 2013–2016 influenza seasons. Subjects with diabetes had a 5.6-fold more frequent influenza diagnosis for IP or ER visits than in subjects without diabetes or 3.7-fold more frequent when adjusted for demographics. Early immunization reduced the risk of influenza healthcare utilization by 66% for subjects with diabetes or 67% for subjects without diabetes when compared with later vaccination for the 2013–2016 influenza seasons. Older age and female sex were associated with a higher incidence of influenza, but not a significant change in risk reduction from vaccination.ConclusionsThe risk for influenza-related healthcare utilization was 3.7-fold higher if patients had diabetes during 2013–2016 influenza seasons. Early immunization provides a significant benefit to adults irrespective of a diabetes diagnosis. All adults, but particularly patients with diabetes, should be encouraged to get the influenza vaccine at the start of the influenza season.
Role of remediation in cases of serious misconduct before UK healthcare regulators: a qualitative study
Authors: Price Tristan , Reynolds Ellie , O’Brien Tim , Gale Thomas , Quick Oliver , Bryce Marie 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe raison d’etre of healthcare profession regulators across the globe is to protect patients and the public from the risk of harm. In cases of serious misconduct, remediation is deemed to be an important factor when considering the risk of harm from a practitioner under investigation. Yet, we know very little about how regulators account for remediation in their decision-making, and whether it is consistent with the aim of risk reduction. This paper explores the role of remediation in decision-making in cases of serious misconduct before UK healthcare regulators.MethodsWe conducted interviews with 21 participants from across eight of the nine UK healthcare profession regulators, covering a range of roles in the decision-making process in misconduct cases. Interviews were conducted remotely by video call and digitally transcribed. Data were analysed using the framework analysis method. The initial framework was developed from existing literature and guidance documents from the regulators, and was subsequently refined through the various rounds of coding.ResultsRemediation influenced decision-making in three ways: (1) Some types of misconduct were deemed more inherently remediable than others. In cases involving dishonesty or sexual misconduct, remediation was less likely to serve as a mitigating factor. (2) Decision-makers often view remediation as a proxy indicator of practitioner insight. (3) Whether a practitioner had demonstrated their commitment to change through undergoing remediation was more likely to feed into decision-making at the point where current impairment was under consideration.ConclusionsRemediation plays a key role in decision-makers’ judgements in cases of misconduct, particularly when these cases relate to clinical misconduct. In such cases, remediation informs judgements on the levels of practitioner insight and the risk of such misconduct being repeated. Our results suggest a need to develop remediation interventions that are explicitly geared towards the regulatory function of developing practitioner insight. Regulators should also consider the structure of their fitness to practise processes and whether there are appropriate opportunities for judgements on remediation to feed into decisions and to facilitate balanced and proportionate outcomes.
EphA3 CAR T cells are effective against glioblastoma in preclinical models
Authors: Martins Paulo , D’Souza Rochelle C J , Skarne Niclas , Lekieffre Lea , Horsefield Shane , Ranjankumar Madusha , Li Xiang , Le Thuy T , Smith Fiona , Smith Corey , Burrows Jacqueline , Day Bryan W , Khanna Rajiv 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAdoptive T-cell therapy targeting antigens expressed in glioblastoma has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent or delay recurrence and prolong overall survival in this aggressive disease setting. Ephrin receptor A3 (EphA3), which is highly expressed in glioblastoma; in particular, on the tumor vasculature and brain cancer stem cells, is an ideal target for immune-based therapies.MethodsWe have designed an EphA3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) using the single chain variable fragment of a novel monoclonal antibody, and assessed its therapeutic potential against EphA3-expressing patient-derived glioblastoma neurospheres, organoids and xenografted glioblastoma tumors in immunodeficient mice.ResultsIn vitro expanded EphA3 CAR T cells from healthy individuals efficiently recognize and kill EphA3-positive glioblastoma cells in vitro. Furthermore, these effector cells demonstrated curative efficacy in an orthotopic xenograft model of glioblastoma. EphA3 CAR T cells were equally effective in targeting patient-derived neurospheres and infiltrate, disaggregate, and induce apoptosis in glioblastoma-derived organoids.ConclusionsThis study provides compelling evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of EphA3 CAR T-cell therapy against glioblastoma by targeting EphA3 associated with brain cancer stem cells and the tumor vasculature. The ability to target patient-derived glioblastoma underscores the translational significance of this EphA3 CAR T-cell therapy in the pursuit of effective and targeted glioblastoma treatment strategies.
EphA3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells are effective in glioma and generate curative memory T cell responses
Authors: Lertsumitkul Leesa , Iliopoulos Melinda , Wang Stacie S , McArthur Sarah J , Ebert Lisa M , Davenport Alexander J , Endersby Raelene , Hansford Jordan R , Drummond Katharine J , Cross Ryan , Jenkins Misty R 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundHigh-grade gliomas including glioblastoma (GBM) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG) represent the most lethal and aggressive brain cancers where current treatment modalities offer limited efficacy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have emerged as a promising strategy, boasting tumor-specific targeting and the unique ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. However, the effective clinical application hinges on the optimal choice of antigen, with a limited number, currently under investigation.MethodsWe employed cell surface proteomic analysis of primary human high-grade glioma samples from both adult and pediatric patients. This led to the identification of Ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3) as a prevalently expressed target. We engineered a second-generation EphA3-targeted CAR T cell and assessed function using in vitro and in vivo models of GBM and DMG.ResultsEphA3-targeted CAR T cells demonstrated robust antigen-specific killing of human GBM and DMG cell lines in vitro. In an orthotopic xenograft NSG mouse model, EphA3-targeted CAR T cells not only effectively eradicated tumors but also established a functional T cell population protective on rechallenge. Remarkably, mice rechallenged with a second contralateral orthotopic tumor implantation achieved complete tumor clearance and maintained a sustained complete response 6 months following initial treatment.ConclusionBuilding on the proven safety profile of EphA3 antibodies in clinical settings, our study provides compelling preclinical evidence supporting the efficacy of EphA3-targeted CAR T cells against high-grade gliomas. These findings underscore the potential for transitioning this innovative therapy into clinical trials, aiming to revolutionize the treatment landscape for patients afflicted with these formidable brain cancers.
Assessment of piles’ resistance driven sequentially in fine-grained soils using pile load tests
Authors: Bilgin Ömer , Alzahrani Saeed , Narsavage Peter , Nusairat Jamal , Dettloff Alexander , Merklin Christopher 
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a field pile load test program conducted on four 0.36 m closed-end steel pipe piles with lengths ranging between 11 and 13 m installed in fine-grained soils. Subsurface investigations with standard penetration tests and cone penetration tests with pore pressure measurements were performed at the site. Three pushed-in piezometers at incremental offsets from the piles were also installed to monitor pore water pressure changes during and after the installation of piles. Several dynamic load tests were performed at different times to observe the change in pile resistance. A static load test was also performed on one of the piles. Some load test results showed an unexpected decrease in the resistances of some piles with time. The study showed that construction activities, e.g., installation of other piles, disturbs the soil and groundwater conditions which can significantly affect the pile resistance measured during load tests. This investigation revealed that pile driving and restrikes should be scheduled such that the effect of construction activities on load tests results will be avoided or minimized.
A Clebsch portrait for Schrödinger’s theory
Authors: Barbieri Gabriele , Spera Mauro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this note we pursue the investigation initiated in Spera M (in: Nielsen, Barbaresco, (eds) Geometric Science of Information. GSI 2023. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Cham, 2023) by addressing geometric and topological issues concerning the zero set of the wave function, provided it is a knot in 3-space. Since, the standard Madelung velocity breaks down thereat, it is necessary to resort to the Clebsch geometry of the probability current shown in the above paper. This leads to considering several tightly interknit symplectic manifolds.
Age-Related Blood Pressure Gradients Are Associated With Blood Pressure Control and Global Population Outcomes
Authors: Nolde Janis M. , Beaney Thomas , Carnagarin Revathy , Stergiou George S. , Poulter Neil R. , Schutte Aletta E. , Schlaich Markus P. 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
The strong relationship between blood pressure (BP) and age is well known. Limited evidence suggests that a steeper age-BP slope may be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. The May Measurement Month campaign enables an investigation of geographic, socioeconomic, and sex differences in age-related BP gradients and their association with public-health outcomes.

METHODS:
Cross-sectional, annual global BP May Measurement Month screening data were analyzed. Average systolic BP and age-related BP slopes across different age groups were calculated to assess regional, socioeconomic, and sex-stratified variations. The association of BP slopes derived from adjusted linear regression models with country-level health metrics was investigated.

RESULTS:

Age-related systolic BP gradients differed distinctly across global geographic regions, income levels, and between sexes. The steepest age gradients of BP were observed in populations from Africa and Europe. Women had lower BP levels than men at younger ages (20s and 30s) but subsequently experienced more pronounced age-related BP gradients. Geographically divergent age-related BP gradients were significantly associated with major national public health indicators. Globally, steeper age-related BP slopes were associated with poor BP control, increased disability-adjusted life years, and death rates. A steeper population age-BP slope of 1 mm Hg per 10 years was associated with a decrease in life expectancy of 3.3 years in this population (95% CI, −5.1 to −1.4;
P
=0.0007).

CONCLUSIONS:
Age-related BP gradients vary considerably across global populations and are associated with variability in BP-related risks and adverse outcomes across regions. Effective public health strategies may require region-specific targeting of adverse BP gradients to improve health outcomes.
Neural mass modeling for the masses: Democratizing access to whole-brain biophysical modeling with FastDMF
Authors: Herzog Rubén , Mediano Pedro A. M. , Rosas Fernando E. , Luppi Andrea I. , Sanz-Perl Yonatan , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Kringelbach Morten L. , Cofré Rodrigo , Deco Gustavo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Different whole-brain computational models have been recently developed to investigate hypotheses related to brain mechanisms. Among these, the Dynamic Mean Field (DMF) model is particularly attractive, combining a biophysically realistic model that is scaled up via a mean-field approach and multimodal imaging data. However, an important barrier to the widespread usage of the DMF model is that current implementations are computationally expensive, supporting only simulations on brain parcellations that consider less than 100 brain regions. Here, we introduce an efficient and accessible implementation of the DMF model: the FastDMF. By leveraging analytical and numerical advances—including a novel estimation of the feedback inhibition control parameter and a Bayesian optimization algorithm—the FastDMF circumvents various computational bottlenecks of previous implementations, improving interpretability, performance, and memory use. Furthermore, these advances allow the FastDMF to increase the number of simulated regions by one order of magnitude, as confirmed by the good fit to fMRI data parcellated at 90 and 1,000 regions. These advances open the way to the widespread use of biophysically grounded whole-brain models for investigating the interplay between anatomy, function, and brain dynamics and to identify mechanistic explanations of recent results obtained from fine-grained neuroimaging recordings.
Description of Pratylenchus platyceriumis sp. n. from the root and rhizosphere of Platycerium seedlings from Thailand
Authors: Du Yu , Li Min , Zhou Jian , Yang Yan , Zhong Jie , Yang Jianjun , Gu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

Summary
A new species, Pratylenchus platyceriumis sp. n., was intercepted in the roots and rhizosphere of Platycerium spp. imported from Thailand. It is characterised by sexual adults with lip region containing two annuli, the lateral field with four equidistant lines, partially areolated, the female stylet (16.5-18.7 μm) robust with broadly rounded knobs, V = (70.2-79.2), with a large oval spermatheca often full of sperm, tail subcylindrical to conoid, and terminus obliquely truncated to conical with variable mucrons or projections. Male spicules are arch-shaped, the gubernaculum trough-shaped, the tail conoid, with tip narrow and pointed and bursa striated instead of crenate. The new species is close to Pratylenchus coffeae, P. dakotaensis, P. goodeyi, P. gutierrezi, P. horti, P. morettoi, P. okinawaensis, P. panamaensis, P. pratensis, P. pseudocoffeae, P. speijeri, P. yamagutii and P. ventroprojectus, but different. Phylogenetic analyses using D2-D3 expansion domains of the 28S rRNA gene, the ITS region, the partial 18S rRNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene confirm its classification as a new species.
從海南閩語動詞後的{在}類介詞短語看語言接觸中的句法借移
Authors: 曾 綉薇 , 郭 必之 
Published: August 2024

摘要
本文關注海南閩語（海口、瓊海、港門）允許表動作發生地點的{在}類PP後置於VP的特殊分佈。文章認為該罕見特點是受以[VP-PP]為固有語序的壯侗語影響的結果，為通過語言接觸從黎語、臨高語借移來的特徵。這種語序改變屬Heine（2008）提出的「不變之變」；各地方言句法限制上的差異則反映受語固有特徵在借移過程中起到的「過濾」作用。
Lost Words and Lost Worlds: Combatting Environmental Generational Amnesia
Authors: Craps Stef 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This essay explores the problem of society’s environmental memory loss and the potential for literary and cultural works to counteract it. It uses the concepts of environmental generational amnesia and shifting baseline syndrome to argue that our connection to the natural world has been eroded by our severely limited experience of it. Each generation’s perception of what is “normal” in nature is shaped by their own experience rather than an objective standard. As a result, we forget what we have lost and do not realise the full extent of environmental degradation that has occurred over time. People’s baseline expectations of the state of the environment are constantly being reset to a lower level as they are born into a world with fewer resources and a more degraded environment than the generation before. The essay examines two case studies to illustrate how creative works can play a vital role in reversing these trends and curing our planetary amnesia: The Lost Words: A Spell Book and its sequel The Lost Spells by Robert Macfarlane and Jackie Morris, and What Is Missing?, an interactive digital project by Maya Lin.
A clinical comparison of glycol and water-based heater-cooler systems for cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Ohlrich Kelly , Kwon Jennie , Hill Morgan A , Ayala McKenzie , Stone Amber , Bruner Samantha , Pollard Melissa , Dell’Aiera Laura , Fitzgerald David , Kilic Arman 
Published: August 2024

Introduction While newer heater-cooler technologies using ethylene glycol-based (GB) solutions during cardiothoracic surgery have become commercially available, there is a paucity of clinical data describing their effectiveness during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) support. This analysis aimed to compare clinical characteristics and procedural outcomes using water-based (WB) and GB heater-cooler systems. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on consecutive adult patients undergoing CPB from June to October 2022 comparing WB or GB groups. The primary outcome was a composite of operative death or major morbidity. Secondary endpoints included transfusion requirements on CPB, patient cooling and warming rates, and vasoactive-inotropic scores (VIS) at case completion. P-control charts were used to monitor the weekly incidence of the composite outcome. A sub-analysis was performed to evaluate the primary outcome for cardiac surgery cases indexed by the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS). Results There were 167 patients included for analysis; 87 (52.1%) underwent CPB with a WB system and 80 (47.9%) with a GB system. GB procedure subjects were younger ( p = .01), experienced longer CPB times ( p = .034), and were more likely to receive thoracic transplant or aortic surgery ( p = 0.015). The composite outcome of operative mortality or major morbidity occurred in 29.9% and 24% of the WB and GB groups, respectively ( p = .372). P-control charts indicated a weekly mean incidence of 30% during WB practice, which decreased to 24% with GB practice. Among 106 STS-indexed cardiac surgery cases, mean composite outcome incidence decreased from 19% to 6% following our GB transition. Additionally, cooling, and warming rates indexed to patient BSA and VIS at case completion were not significantly different. Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated a safe transition from WB to GB heater-cooler technologies in our practice. This early analysis suggests that GB heater coolers may be safely adopted to mitigate the risks of nontuberculous mycobacterium infections for cardiac surgical patients.
Droxidopa for Vasopressor Weaning in Critically Ill Patients with Persistent Hypotension: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Single-Arm Observational Study
Authors: Webb Andrew J , Casal Gianna LH , Newman Kelly A , Culshaw Justin R , Northam Kalynn A , Solomon Edmond J , Beargie Sarah M , Johnson Riley B , Lopez Natasha D , Hayes Bryan D. , Roberts Russel J. 
Published: August 2024

Background Persistent vasopressor requirements are a common reason for delayed liberation from the intensive care unit (ICU) and adjunct oral agents are sometimes used to hasten time to vasopressor discontinuation. We sought to describe the use of droxidopa for vasopressor weaning in critically ill patients with prolonged hypotension. Materials and Methods This retrospective, single-arm, observational study included adult patients admitted to an ICU at two academic centers between 06/2016–07/2023 who received droxidopa for vasopressor weaning. Patients who received droxidopa prior to admission or for another indication were excluded. The primary outcome was time to vasopressor discontinuation, defined as when vasopressors were stopped and remained off for at least 24 h. Secondary outcomes included rates of tachycardia and hypotension post-initiation, norepinephrine equivalents pre- and post-initiation, concomitant oral agent use, and dosing. A subgroup analysis was conducted in patients receiving droxidopa via feeding tubes. Results A total of 30 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 62 years old, 12 (40%) were female, and 73% were in a cardiac/cardiac surgical ICU. Patients were on vasopressors for a median of 16 days prior to droxidopa initiation. Median (IQR) time to vasopressor discontinuation was 70 h (23-192) and norepinephrine equivalents decreased immediately after initiation (0.08 vs 0.02 mcg/kg/min, p < 0.001). MAP increased after droxidopa initiation (68.8 vs 66.5 mm Hg, p = 0.008) while heart rates were unchanged (86 vs 84 BPM, p = 0.37) after initiation. Patients who weaned from vasopressors within 72 h versus longer than 72 h after droxidopa initiation were more likely to be on lower norepinephrine equivalents prior to initiation (0.05 vs 0.12 mcg/kg/min, p = 0.013). Feeding tube administration did not impact time to vasopressor discontinuation (p = 0.93). Conclusions Droxidopa may be considered an adjunct therapy for vasopressor weaning. Effects were similar when analyzing patients receiving droxidopa via feeding tube.
An enhancement in the tensile modulus and bending resistance of polylactic acid/carbon nanotube composite by optimizing FFF process parameters
Authors: Hardani Hatam , Afshari Mahmoud , Samadi Mohammad Reza , Afshari Hossein , López Santi Ago 
Published: August 2024

Fused-filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most common 3D printing methods for thermoplastic polymers and composite materials because it is easy to use and is low-cost. The printed polymer parts for industrial applications require desirable mechanical properties. Therefore, in the present research, the process parameters of fused filament fabrication are optimized to enhance the Young’s modulus and bending resistance of polylactic acid/carbon nanotube (PLA/CNT) composite. For this purpose, the response surface method (RSM) and desirability function technique (DFT) are applied to find the optimal values of the effective parameters of CNT content, printing speed and nozzle temperature. The printed samples were examined by using DSC, TGA and SEM analyses. The results of DSC and TGA analyses indicated that the addition of CNT into PLA enhanced the thermal stability of PLA/CNT composite. It was also observed from the optimization results that the Young’s modulus and bending resistance of PLA/CNT composite improved at CNT content of 2.9 wt%, printing speed of 20 mm/s and nozzle temperature of 210°C.