bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel shape‐similarity‐based elastography technique for prostate cancer assessment
Authors: Mousavi Seyed Reza , Wang Haisu , Hesabgar Seyyed Mohammad , Scholl Timothy J. , Samani Abbas 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:Association between tissue stiffness alteration and pathology is well known. This has formed the basis for prostate elastography imaging techniques where images of prostate tissue mechanical properties are reconstructed. In this paper, the authors present a novel prostate elastography technique which, unlike other techniques, relies on magnitude image data only.Methods:This proposed technique works in conjunction with ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging modalities and it requires the prostate's pre‐ and postdeformation images as input. It uses a constrained reconstruction method where the elastic moduli of the prostate's normal and pathological tissues are determined based on an essential subset of the tissue deformation provided by the images data. The elasticity reconstruction technique uses optimization where similarity between calculated and observed shape features of the postcompression prostate image is maximized. The method was validated with an in silico phantom study followed by studies using ultrasound and MR with tissue‐mimicking phantoms.Results:Using the proposed methods, it was observed that the maximum uncertainties of the reconstructed Young's modulus ratios of tumor to normal tissue were 15.6% and 9.7%, which were obtained from the transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and MR tissue‐mimicking phantom studies, respectively.Conclusions:This novel prostate elastography technique relies on prostate TRUS or MRI images that can be routinely acquired without additional imaging hardware. The phantom studies provided evidence that the proposed technique has a good potential to reconstruct prostate stiffness maps noninvasively particularly when applied in conjunction with MRI. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the technique's merits for clinical use.
Effect of Whole-Body-Vibration Training on Trunk-Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Maeda Noriaki , Urabe Yukio , Sasadai Junpei , Miyamoto Akira , Murakami Masahito , Kato Junichi 
Published: August 2015

Context:Whole-body-vibration (WBV) stimulus equipment has been used as a new training method for health promotion. Its use in the clinic has expanded to the field of sports and rehabilitation for disabled patients. WBV training is rapidly gaining popularity in health and fitness centers as an alternative method for improving muscle performance. Acute positive effects of WBV have been shown on lower-extremity muscle power and vertical-jump ability; however, there have not been any studies focusing on the long-term effects of WBV for trunk muscle and dynamic balance.Objective:To investigate the effects of an 8-wk program of WBV in combination with trunk-muscle training on muscle performance in healthy, untrained adults.Design:Laboratory-based, repeated-measures study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:20 healthy university men.Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to a WBV or non-WBV group. The WBV group performed a trunk-muscle-training program in combination with WBV; the non-WBV group performed the same muscle-training program without WBV for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:In the pre- and posttraining period, the participants were evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (Y-test) (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach), trunk-muscle isometric strength (flexor, extensor, and flexor:extensor ratio), squat jump, and countermovement jump.Results:The WBV group had greater improvement than the non-WBV group in both trunk-flexor muscle strength (P = .02) and the Y-test (anterior reach) (P = .004) between pre- and posttraining.Conclusion:Adding WBV to a trunk-muscle-strengthening program may improve trunk-flexor isometric strength and anterior reach during the Y-test more than training without WBV. The WBV protocol used in this study had no significant impact on FMS scores, squat jumping, countermovement jumping, trunk-extensor isometric strength, or trunk flexor:extensor ratio.
Defining a Simplified Yet “Realistic” Equation of State for Seawater
Authors: Roquet Fabien , Madec Gurvan , Brodeau Laurent , Nycander J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThere is a growing realization that the nonlinear nature of the equation of state has a deep impact on the global ocean circulation; however, the understanding of the global effects of these nonlinearities remains elusive. This is partly because of the complicated formulation of the seawater equation of state making it difficult to handle in theoretical studies. In this paper, a hierarchy of polynomial equations of state of increasing complexity, optimal in a least squares sense, is presented. These different simplified equations of state are then used to simulate the ocean circulation in a global 2°-resolution configuration. Comparisons between simulated ocean circulations confirm that nonlinear effects are of major importance, in particular influencing the circulation through determination of the static stability below the mixed layer, thus controlling rates of exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean interior. It is found that a simple polynomial equation of state, with a quadratic term in temperature (for cabbeling), a temperature–pressure product term (for thermobaricity), and a linear term in salinity, that is, only four tuning parameters, is enough to simulate a reasonably realistic global circulation. The best simulation is obtained when the simplified equation of state is forced to have an accurate thermal expansion coefficient near the freezing point, highlighting the importance of polar regions for the global stratification. It is argued that this simplified equation of state will be of great value for theoretical studies and pedagogical purposes.
P38 Phosphorylation in Medullary Microglia Mediates Ectopic Orofacial Inflammatory Pain in Rats
Authors: Kiyomoto Masaaki , Shinoda Masamichi , Honda Kuniya , Nakaya Yuka , Dezawa Ko , Katagiri Ayano , Kamakura Satoshi , Inoue Tomio , Iwata Koichi 
Published: August 2015

Background Orofacial inflammatory pain is likely to accompany referred pain in uninflamed orofacial structures. The ectopic pain precludes precise diagnosis and makes treatment problematic, because the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Using the established ectopic orofacial pain model induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection into trapezius muscle, we analyzed the possible role of p38 phosphorylation in activated microglia in ectopic orofacial pain. Results Mechanical allodynia in the lateral facial skin was induced following trapezius muscle inflammation, which accompanied microglial activation with p38 phosphorylation and hyperexcitability of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Intra-cisterna successive administration of a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase selective inhibitor, SB203580, suppressed microglial activation and its phosphorylation of p38. Moreover, SB203580 administration completely suppressed mechanical allodynia in the lateral facial skin and enhanced WDR neuronal excitability in Vc. Microglial interleukin-1β over-expression in Vc was induced by trapezius muscle inflammation, which was significantly suppressed by SB203580 administration. Conclusions These findings indicate that microglia, activated via p38 phosphorylation, play a pivotal role in WDR neuronal hyperexcitability, which accounts for the mechanical hypersensitivity in the lateral facial skin associated with trapezius muscle inflammation.
Canadian migration destinations of recent immigrants and interprovincial migrants: similarities, differences and explanations
Authors: Shannon Mike 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Canadian Census data for 1981–2006 is used to document substantial differences in the destination locations of immigrants and interprovincial migrants. These differences have increased over time as have differences in the characteristics of the two migrant groups. Differences in age, education, and marital status of the two migrant groups explain little of the observed differences. Visible minority status and language differences are somewhat more important; however, much of the difference in migrant group destinations cannot be explained by measured characteristics.
Not Ready for College, but Ready for the Military: A Policy Challenge for the College- and Career-Readiness Agenda
Authors: Castro Erin L 
Published: August 2015

This essay examines the Armed Forces Recruiter Access to Students and Student Recruiting Information (Section 9528) provision of the No Child Left Behind Act and its influence on the success of intervention programming for college and career readiness in Title I high schools. Using critical policy analysis, I show how Federal and State policies potentially unfold in local contexts and influence students’ ability and desire to participate in intervention programming aimed at increasing readiness for college and career. I ask whether readiness for college and career includes readiness for the military and argue that readiness intervention programming designed to provide students labeled as not college ready a pathway to postsecondary education may fail if they do not address the permanent legal presence of military recruiters inside underserved schools.
Some 2+1 Dimensional Super-Integrable Systems
Authors: Zhang Yufeng , Tam Honwah , Mei Jianqin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the article, we make use of the binormial-residue-representation (BRR) to generate super 2+1 dimensional integrable systems. Using these systems, we can deduce a super 2+1 dimensional AKNS hierarchy, which can be reduced to a super 2+1 dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation. In particular, two main results are obtained. One of them is a set of super 2+1 dimensional integrable couplings. The other one is a 2+1 dimensional diffusion equation. The Hamiltonian structure of the super 2+1 dimensional hierarchy is derived by using the super-trace identity.
LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN, TICS, INNOVACIÓN TECNOLÓGICA. FORMACIÓN Y EDUCACIÓN EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Walas Mateo Federico , Balbo Gabriel 
Published: August 2015

<p align="justify">El paradigma de la Sociedad de la Información se fundamenta en la aplicación del conocimiento como variable clave en la generación de valor, y tiene como principal elemento difusor a la tecnología. Esta mancomunción entre información y tecnología se traduce en la mayor importancia que suman dia a dia en nuestra vida cotidiana las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones (TICs). El impacto del Uso de la Información como herramienta de mejora se manifiesta asimismo en la capacidad de innovación de las empresas, convirtiéndose de esta forma en un elemento central para lograr niveles de competitividad superiores. En la nueva economía, la empresa y la tecnología pensadas en forma racional no pueden estar aisladas, se encuentran inseparablemente vinculadas en el permanente transito hacia nuevos desafíos Este trabajo se focalizará en la problemática de la incorporación de TICs en el medio productivo, y la necesidad de reforzar la cultura empresarial en lo que se refiere a consideración de la tecnología y la innovación como medio de apalancamiento para la competitividad de las PyMEs. El objetivo general es el análisis y desarrollo de conceptos asociados a Tecnologías de Información y Comunicaciones (TICs) de aplicación en el ámbito de la producción, y a la promoción de su implementación en distintos sectores tanto para lograr una mayor integración en las cadenas de valor, como así también facilitar el agregado de valor en productos o servicios. La metodología de trabajo incluye el desarrollo de un marco conceptual que describa el estado del arte de las TICs en ámbitos de la producción de clase mundial, y posteriormente el desarrollo de actividades para promover e incentivar el uso de estas herramientas tecnológicas en el ámbito empresario. Las actividades comprenden tareas de sensibilización, entrevistas con actores clave, y talleres de trabajo para discutir la temática.</p>
Interactions of Fe(III) and Viscoelastic-Surfactant-Based Acids
Authors: Shu Yi , Wang Guanqun , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. , Zhou Jian 
Published: August 2015

Summary
Viscoelastic-surfactant (VES) -based acid systems have been used successfully in matrix-acidizing and acid-fracturing treatments. However, the existence of Fe(III) as a contaminant in such systems may lead to many problems because of the interactions between VES and Fe(III). Such interactions can reduce the effectiveness of VES-based acid systems and potentially lead to formation damage.
In this study, two commercial VES products were used and the interactions between VES and Fe(III) were studied. Rheological properties of these two VES-based acids were examined with various concentrations of Fe(III). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to identify precipitates from the reaction products. Inductively coupled plasma was applied to measure iron concentrations, and the two-phase titration method was used to determine the VES concentrations in all liquid phases of the samples. The effect of several chelating agents on the reaction of VES with Fe(III) was also examined.
Experimental results indicate that the apparent viscosity of live VES-1-based acids [20 wt% hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 4 vol% VES-1] increased from approximately 2 to 126 cp at a shear rate of 100 s−1 at room temperature when the Fe(III) concentration increased from 0 to 1,400  ppm, and it started to decrease at higher Fe(III) concentrations. This is because of the electrostatic interactions between negatively charged [FeCl4]− groups and positively charged amine groups in VES in live acids. Live VES-2-based acids (20 wt% HCl and 4 vol% VES-2) showed properties similar to those of the VES-1-based acids in apparent viscosity. Both surfactants interacted with Fe(III) and precipitates, which are complexes containing iron and VES. These interactions were noted at Fe(III) concentrations greater than 5,000 ppm.
On the other hand, the addition of a chelating agent [1:1 mole ratio to Fe(III)] helped to reduce the apparent viscosity of the sample, which means that the chelating agent reacted with Fe(III) and reduced the interactions between VES and Fe(III). At the same time, when the Fe(III) concentration was 6,000 ppm in VES-2-based acid, the disappearance of precipitates with the addition of chelating agents showed a reduction of the Fe(III) impact on such VES-based acid systems. Moreover, the addition of enough chelating agent [more than 1:1 mole ratio to Fe(III) amount] reduced the amount of precipitates that formed significantly when the Fe(III) concentration was very high. Adding a suitable chelating agent can minimize the impact of Fe(III) on VES-based acids.
A new flash-free orthodontic adhesive system: A first clinical and stereomicroscopic study
Authors: Foersch Moritz , Schuster Christian , Rahimi Roman K. , Wehrbein Heinrich , Jacobs Collin 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze the clinical and laboratory properties of the recently introduced APC flash-free orthodontic adhesive.

Material and Methods:
After bonding of 80 brackets on human teeth (group A: APC flash-free adhesive n  =  40, group B: APC Plus adhesive n  =  40), the following measurements were recorded: time for bonding, stereomicroscopic evaluation of excess adhesive, color penetration (methylene blue, 0.5%/24 h), and Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) score after debonding.

Results:
The time needed for bonding differed significantly between the two groups (A: 19.5 s/tooth vs B: 33.8 s/tooth). The adhesive excess, which was metrically measured from the bracket edge, ranged from 166.27 µm to 81.66 µm (group A) and 988.53 µm to 690.81 µm (group B). After methylene coloration in group A, 52 of 80 measurements showed discoloration on the bracket-adhesive and/or adhesive-enamel interface, while for group B, 78 of 80 were coloration positive. The ARI scores did not differ, with an average ARI score of 2.0 for group A and 2.8 for group B.

Conclusion:
The flash-free adhesive significantly reduced the time needed for the bonding process. The excess resin expanded 0.16 to 0.08 mm over the bracket margin. The new technology seems to facilitate a smooth and sufficient marginal surface of the adhesive, which clinically might improve reduction of plaque accumulation.
Anchorage condition during canine retraction using transpalatal arch with continuous and segmented arch mechanics
Authors: Alhadlaq Adel , Alkhadra Thamer , El-Bialy Tarek 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare anchorage condition in cases in which transpalatal arch was used to enhance anchorage in both continuous and segmented arch techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty cases that required first premolar extraction for orthodontic treatment and transpalatal arch to enhance anchorage were included in this study. Ten cases were treated using the continuous arch technique, while the other 10 cases were treated using 0.019 × 0.025-inch TMA T-loops with posterior anchorage bend according to the Burstone and Marcotte description. Lateral cephalometric analysis of before and after canine retraction was performed using Ricketts analysis to measure the anteroposterior position of the upper first molar to the vertical line from the Pt point. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test.

Results:
There was a statistically significant forward movement of the upper first molar in cases treated by continuous arch mechanics (4.5 ± 3.0 mm) compared with segmented arch mechanics (−0.7 ± 1.4 mm; P  =  .01).

Conclusions:
The posterior anchorage bend to T-loop used to retract the maxillary canine can enhance anchorage during maxillary canine retraction.
Gas induced semi-solid process effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of 319 aluminum alloy
Authors: Baygan Milad , Gholamipour Reza , Shahri Farzad 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The exclusive effects of gas induced semi-solid parameters such as rheocasting temperature, agitation intensity and flow rate of gas injection into the melt on the average size and shape factor of primary α-Al particles and subsequently tensile properties of 319 aluminum alloy have been studied. Applying vigorous agitation and rapid heat extraction simultaneously in the early stages of solidification in order to achieve a slurry with fine and dispersed primary α-Al particles is essential. Hence, in order to investigate these two factors separately, three different types of graphite diffusion in three proportional gas flow rates have been used. It was found that a reduction in rheocasting temperature leads to a decrease in the average size of the primary α-Al particles and an increase in their sphericity and improvement of tensile properties as well. The average size of primary particles slightly decreases as the agitation intensity increases as expected; while a decrease in agitation intensity in a given gas flow rate leads to the formation of gas porosity. Also the gas was trapped due to an increase in gas flow rate at constant agitation intensity whereas the decrease in gas flow rate has no significant effect on morphology of primary α-Al particles.
Preparation of (100) oriented Sc-doped AlN film on flexible substrate under different pressures using RF reactive sputtering
Authors: Yang Yixi , Li Xiaomei , Zhou Dong , Yang Chengtao , Feng Fan , Yang Junsong , Hu Qijun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Sc-doped AlN films with (100) orientation have high surface acoustic wave velocity and excellent optical properties. Sc-doped AlN thin films based on flexible substrate were prepared by RF reactive magnetron sputtering at pressure levels ranging from 0.3 Pa to 1.5 Pa. The sputtering rate, crystal quality, and electric properties of the Sc-doped AlN films were investigated. The results show that pressure greatly influences the preparation of Sc-doped AlN thin films. Under low pressure, (002) oriented Sc-doped AlN film was prepared; with increasing pressure, the fraction of the (100) plane increased. Furthermore, the electrical properties were closely related to the crystal quality, achieving a maximum resistivity of 3.5 × 1012 Ω · cm, a minimum leakage current of 0.65 × 10−8 A, and a maximum piezoelectric response of 5.2 pC · N−1.
Prevalence, Cardiac Phenotype, and Outcomes of Transthyretin Variants in the UK Biobank Population
Authors: Aung Nay , Nicholls Hannah L. , Chahal C. Anwar A. , Khanji Mohammed Y. , Rauseo Elisa , Chadalavada Sucharitha , Petersen Steffen E. , Munroe Patricia B. , Elliott Perry M. , Lopes Luis R. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe population prevalence of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) caused by pathogenic variation in the TTR gene (vATTR) is unknown.ObjectiveTo estimate the population prevalence of disease-causing TTR variants and evaluate associated phenotypes and outcomes.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study analyzed UK Biobank (UKB) participants with whole-exome sequencing, electrocardiogram, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance data. Participants were enrolled from 2006 to 2010, with a median follow-up of 12 (IQR, 11-13) years (cutoff date for the analysis, March 12, 2024). Sixty-two candidate TTR variants were extracted based on rarity (minor allele frequency ≤0.0001) and/or previously described associations with amyloidosis if more frequent.ExposureCarrier status for TTR variants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAssociations of TTR carrier status with vATTR prevalence and cardiovascular imaging and electrocardiogram traits were explored using descriptive statistics. Associations between TTR carrier status and atrial fibrillation, conduction disease, heart failure, and all-cause mortality were evaluated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Genotypic and diagnostic concordance was examined using International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes from the hospital record.ResultsThe overall cohort included 469 789 UKB participants (mean [SD] age, 56.5 [8.1] years; 54.2% female and 45.8% male). A likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) TTR variant was detected in 473 (0.1%) participants, with Val142Ile being the most prevalent (367 [77.6%]); 91 individuals (0.02%) were carriers of a variant of unknown significance . The overall prevalence of LP/P variants was 0.02% (105 of 444 243) in participants with European ancestry and 4.3% (321 of 7533) in participants with African ancestry. The LP/P variants were associated with higher left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (β = 4.66; 95% CI, 1.87-7.44), and Val142Ile was associated with a longer PR interval (β = 18.34; 95% CI, 5.41-31.27). The LP/P carrier status was associated with a higher risk of heart failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.68; 95% CI, 1.75-4.12) and conduction disease (HR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.25-2.83). Higher all-cause mortality risk was observed for non-Val142Ile LP/P variants (HR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.06-3.67). Thirteen participants (2.8%) with LP/P variants had diagnostic codes compatible with cardiac or neurologic amyloidosis. Variants of unknown significance were not associated with outcomes.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that approximately 1 in 1000 UKB participants were LP/P TTR variant carriers, exceeding previously reported prevalence. The findings emphasize the need for clinical vigilance in identifying individuals at risk of developing vATTR and associated poor outcomes.