bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect cuticular protein; gene expression, genomic structure, transcriptional regulation, speculated cuticular structure, clarified through the genomic analysis of Bombyx mori
Authors: Kawasaki Hideki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJH and ecdysone signaling regulate insect metamorphosis through the master transcription factors, Krüppel homolog 1 (kr‐h1), Broad‐Complex (BR‐C), and E93. Ecdysone signaling activates successively expressed ecdysone responsive transcription factors (ERTFs), and the interaction between ERTFs determines the expression profiles of ERTFs themselves. Through the construction of expressed sequence tag (EST) database of Bombyx mori from many tissues, the existence of a large number of cuticular protein (CP) genes was identified in wing disc cDNA library of the 3 days after the start of wandering (W3). From the genomic analysis, 12 types of CP clusters of CP genes were identified. DNA sequences of CP genes revealed the duplication of CP genes, which suggests to reflect the insect evolution. These CP genes responded to ecdysone and ecdysone pulse; therefore, CP genes were applied for the analysis of transcriptional regulation by ERTF. The binding sites of ERTF have been reported to exist upstream of CP genes in several insects, and the activation of CP genes occurred by the binding of ERTFs. Through the analysis, the following were speculated; the successive appearance of ERTFs and the activation of target genes resulted in the successively produced CPs and cuticular layer. The sequence of the ERTF and CP gene expression was the same at larval to pupal and pupal to adult transformation. The involvement of several ERTFs in one CP gene expression was also clarified; BmorCPG12 belongs to group showing expression peak at W3 and was regulated by two ERTFs; BHR3 and ßFTZ‐F1, BmorCPH2 belongs to group showing expression peak at P0 and was regulated by two ERTFs; ßFTZ‐F1 and E74A. The involvement of BHR39 as a negative regulator of CP gene expression was found. Larval, pupal, and adult cuticular layers were supposed to be constructed by the combination of different and similar types of CPs, through the expressed timing of CP genes.
ChatGPT versus a customized AI chatbot (Anatbuddy) for anatomy education: A comparative pilot study
Authors: Arun Gautham , Perumal Vivek , Urias Francis Paul John Bato , Ler Yan En , Tan Bryan Wen Tao , Vallabhajosyula Ranganath , Tan Emmanuel , Ng Olivia , Ng Kian Bee , Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLarge Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to improve education by personalizing learning. However, ChatGPT‐generated content has been criticized for sometimes producing false, biased, and/or hallucinatory information. To evaluate AI's ability to return clear and accurate anatomy information, this study generated a custom interactive and intelligent chatbot (Anatbuddy) through an Open AI Application Programming Interface (API) that enables seamless AI‐driven interactions within a secured cloud infrastructure. Anatbuddy was programmed through a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) method to provide context‐aware responses to user queries based on a predetermined knowledge base. To compare their outputs, various queries (i.e., prompts) on thoracic anatomy (n = 18) were fed into Anatbuddy and ChatGPT 3.5. A panel comprising three experienced anatomists evaluated both tools' responses for factual accuracy, relevance, completeness, coherence, and fluency on a 5‐point Likert scale. These ratings were reviewed by a third party blinded to the study, who revised and finalized scores as needed. Anatbuddy's factual accuracy (mean ± SD = 4.78/5.00 ± 0.43; median = 5.00) was rated significantly higher (U = 84, p = 0.01) than ChatGPT's accuracy (4.11 ± 0.83; median = 4.00). No statistically significant differences were detected between the chatbots for the other variables. Given ChatGPT's current content knowledge limitations, we strongly recommend the anatomy profession develop a custom AI chatbot for anatomy education utilizing a carefully curated knowledge base to ensure accuracy. Further research is needed to determine students' acceptance of custom chatbots for anatomy education and their influence on learning experiences and outcomes.
Creating new embryological models for teaching cardiac development in embryology
Authors: Fernquist Geoffery D. , Samonds Karen E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEmbryology is an essential component to understanding human anatomy. It requires an in‐depth understanding of 3D knowledge but is primarily taught with 2‐dimensional resources. In particular, the development of the human heart is a complex process and difficult to understand using traditional teaching methods. We present here a series of heart embryology models created to supplement embryology education and aid students in understanding this complex process. Using Polydoh moldable plastic, models representing six different critical steps in heart formation are described, including: the fusing of the heart tubes (days 21–23), beginning of the cardiac loop (early day 23), fully formed cardiac loop (late day 23), four‐week heart, formation of the endocardial cushions and septi (late fourth week), and heart with fully formed septi with functioning foramen ovale (sixth week). These models not only improve embryology education but also the understanding of heart pathologies. This method provides an affordable option for embryology education and provides students with learning tools that assist with the comprehension of the development of a complex organ.
Molecular Engineering Towards Efficient Aggregation‐Induced Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens as Emitters and Sensitizers for High‐Performance Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Hongbo , Zou Peng , Xu Letian , Jiang Ruming , Shi Heping , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractExploring efficient thermally‐activated delayed fluorescence materials having maximum external quantum efficiencies (ηext,maxs) exceeding 30 % for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) still remains challenging because it generally requires efficient reverse intersystem crossing (RISC), high photoluminescence quantum yield (ΦPL), and large optical out‐coupling efficiency (Φout) simultaneously. Herein, two green aggregation‐induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) luminogens, named XTCz‐2 and XTCz‐3, are designed and constructed by using xanthone (XT) as electron acceptor and phenylcarbazole‐substituted carbazole as donors. XTCz‐2 and XTCz‐3 exhibit distinguished advantages of high thermal stability (439–560 °C), excellent ΦPLs (84–88 %) and fast RISC rates (1.9×105–4.2×105 s−1), and prefer horizontal dipole orientation and thus have high Φouts. Consequently, they can achieve the state‐of‐the‐art electroluminescence (EL) performances with ηext,maxs of up to 35.0 %. Moreover, XTCz‐3 is selected as a sensitizer for sky‐blue multi‐resonance delayed fluorescence emitter in hyperfluorescence OLEDs, providing narrow EL spectra and excellent ηext,maxs of up to 33.8 % with low efficiency roll‐offs. The splendid comprehensive performances demonstrate the significant application potential of these AIDF luminogens as both light‐emitting materials and sensitizers for OLEDs.
Stock market bubbles and the forecastability of gold returns and volatility
Authors: Gabauer David , Gupta Rangan , Karmakar Sayar , Nielsen Joshua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this article, multi‐scale LPPLS confidence indicator approach is used to detect both positive and negative bubbles at short‐, medium‐, and long‐term horizons for the stock markets of the G7 and the BRICS countries. This enables detecting major crashes and rallies in the 12 stock markets over the period of the 1st week of January, 1973 to the 2nd week of September, 2020. Similar timing of strong (positive and negative) LPPLS indicator values across both G7 and BRICS countries was also observed, suggesting interconnectedness of the extreme movements in these stock markets. Next, these indicators were utilized to forecast gold returns and its volatility, using a method involving block means of residuals obtained from the popular LASSO routine, given that the number of covariates ranged between 42 and 72, and gold returns demonstrated a heavy upper tail. The finding was, these bubbles indicators, particularly when both positive and negative bubbles are considered simultaneously, can accurately forecast gold returns at short‐ to medium‐term, and also time‐varying estimates of gold returns volatility to a lesser extent. The results of this paper have important implications for the portfolio decisions of investors who seek a safe haven during boom‐bust cycles of major global stock markets.
Improving the extraction yield of essential oil from Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. using Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 enzyme blend
Authors: Tavares Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho , Santos Rândilla Regis Cordeiro dos , Costa Floriatan Santos , Jesus Gabriel Lucas Silva de , Sanches Alex‐William , Silva Fabiane Neves , Irfan Muhammad , Oliveira Rosilene Aparecida de , Franco Marcelo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe objective of this work was to optimize the application of an enzymatic blend produced by Aspergillus niger ATCC 1004 on the Pimenta dioica fruits for essential oil extraction. The enzyme blend was obtained from the fermentation of cocoa bean shells, an agro‐industrial residue. The effects of the enzymatic pre‐treatment on the extraction yield, the chemical composition of the oil through gas chromatography, and the fruit structure through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were assessed. A Doehlert design was used to optimize the process conditions, resulting in an extraction with 117 mL of enzyme during 77 min, which increased the extraction yield by 387.5%. The chemical composition was not altered, which proves that the enzyme blend preserves the quality of the essential oil extracted. The content of eugenol (70%), the major compound in the P. dioica essential oil, had a great increase in its concentration (560%). The enzyme activity analyses showed the presence of endoglucanase (0.4 U/mL), exoglucanase (0.25 U/mL), β‐glucosidase (0.19 U/mL), and invertase (135.08 U/mL). The microscopy analyses revealed changes in the morphology of fruit surface due to the enzymatic action. These results demonstrate the great potential of using enzyme blends produced by filamentous fungi from agro‐industrial residues for the essential oils extraction of interest for the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Contamination in LIB Pouch Cells Promoting Self‐Discharge and Crosstalk
Authors: Löwe Robert , Smith Anna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStorage studies of lithium‐ion battery electrolyte within bags made of commercial pouch foils, commonly used as encasing material of battery cells, revealed the presence of contamination leaching from the pouch foil material into the electrolyte. By analyzing the stored electrolyte via GC‐MS the appearing compound was identified as 2,4‐di‐tert‐butylphenol (2,4‐DTBP). To investigate the influence of DTBP on the battery cell performance, full cells employing commercial LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 based cathodes and graphite‐type anodes were assembled using 1 M LiPF6 in ethylene carbonate/ dimethyl carbonate mixture as the electrolyte with/out the intentional addition of either 2,4‐DTBP or its constitutional isomer 2,6‐DTBP. Furthermore, dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), a literature known redox shuttle triggering impurity leaching from PET‐based fixing tape used in LIBs, was added to compare the effect of DMT to DTBPs. It was revealed that either DTBP contaminations have a significant impact on the self‐discharge behavior of the studied cells, which exceed the effect of present DMT. Moreover, all contaminants heavily increase transition metal dissolution‐migration‐deposition (TM DMD) processes and irreversible capacity loss. When vinylene carbonate, an SEI forming additive, is added to the electrolyte mixtures self‐discharge, as well as TM DMD are suppressed to a different degree depending on the type of contaminant added.
Semi‐rational engineering of D‐allulose 3‐epimerase for simultaneously improving the catalytic activity and thermostability based on D‐allulose biosensor
Authors: Li Zijie , Hu Yangfan , Yu Cheng , Fei Kangqing , Shen Liqun , Liu Yishi , Nakanishi Hideki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundD‐Allulose is one of the most well‐known rare sugars widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The most popular method for D‐allulose production is the conversion from D‐fructose catalyzed by D‐allulose 3‐epimerase (DAEase). To address the general problem of low catalytic efficiency and poor thermostability of wild‐type DAEase, D‐allulose biosensor was adopted in this study to develop a convenient and efficient method for high‐throughput screening of DAEase variants.ResultsThe catalytic activity and thermostability of DAEase from Caballeronia insecticola were simultaneously improved by semi‐rational molecular modification. Compared with the wild‐type enzyme, DAEaseS37N/F157Y variant exhibited 14.7% improvement in the catalytic activity and the half‐time value (t1/2) at 65°C increased from 1.60 to 27.56 h by 17.23‐fold. To our delight, the conversion rate of D‐allulose was 33.6% from 500‐g L−1 D‐fructose in 1 h by Bacillus subtilis WB800 whole cells expressing this DAEase variant. Furthermore, the practicability of cell immobilization was evaluated and more than 80% relative activity of the immobilized cells was maintained from the second to seventh cycle.ConclusionAll these results indicated that the DAEaseS37N/F157Y variant would be a potential candidate for the industrial production of D‐allulose.
Addressing stability issues of vildagliptin: Method optimization and validation for accurate analysis in human plasma
Authors: Tawari Santosh , Shah Ujashkumar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research paper introduces novel strategies to address the stability issues arising with vildagliptin, marking the first attempt to tackle this challenge comprehensively. The study incorporates malic acid into the human plasma, a crucial step in stabilizing vildagliptin and preventing its degradation. Additionally, optimization of the elution process on a C18 Asentis Express column, fine‐tuned with a combination of acetonitrile and ammonium trifluoroacetate 5mM, ensures optimal chromatographic conditions. For detection and quantification, electrospray ionization (ESI) is employed, monitoring multiple reactions for vildagliptin (304.2 → 154.2) and vildagliptin D7 (311.1 → 161.2). Meticulous validation of the method demonstrates high accuracy (97.30%–104.15%) and precision [(0.32%–3.09% coefficient of variance (CV)] for vildagliptin calibration curve standards (CC STD), establishing its sensitivity and reliability in measuring vildagliptin levels. This refined methodology offers numerous advantages, including the elimination of stability concerns, reduced human plasma sample volume (100 μL), exceptional reproducibility, shortened run time (~2.2 min), and a wide concentration range (1.00 to 851.81 ng/mL). These attributes make it exceptionally well‐suited for diverse research applications, spanning from extensive sampling in therapeutic drug monitoring units to bioequivalence and bioavailability studies, as well as pharmacokinetic investigations of vildagliptin.
FLIGBY for graduates' employability enhancement in Computer Engineering
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Buzady Zoltan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSerious games can play a crucial role in developing competencies for the job market, offering an innovative and engaging approach to learning. This study uses FLIGBY to develop employability skills among computer engineering graduates. FLIGBY is a serious game that simulates a virtual company environment where players make strategic decisions, emphasizing the principles of flow and positive psychology. Immersion in realistic scenarios provides practical experience, contributing to the development of market‐ready skills. A quantitative methodology based on descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing was adopted to measure the development of competencies for the job market using the Systems Engineering Competency Framework. The results show that competence development occurs mainly in the professional and managerial dimensions. In contrast, there is no development of core and technical competencies. Furthermore, the perception of the development of these competencies occurs mainly for students with more years of professional experience. The experiential nature of FLIGBY allows users to develop practical knowledge, promoting adaptability and resilience. This gamified approach accelerates the learning curve, preparing individuals for real‐world challenges in the computer engineering workplace.
The effect of healthy eating on the development of stomach and colorectal cancer by the smoking and drinking status: Results from the Korean National Cancer Center (KNCC) community cohort study
Authors: Han Yuri , Oh Jin‐Kyoung , Lim Min Kyung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDetermining the effect of dietary factors on cancer is a crucial issue when accounting for the effect of other major risks, such as smoking and drinking.MethodA total of 15,563 adults from the Korean National Cancer Center Community Cohort were analyzed to determine and to compare the effect of dietary factors on stomach and colorectal cancer in overall and in the subgroup of non‐smokers (or urinary cotinine concentrations <5 ng/mg) and non‐drinkers with Cox proportional‐hazard models.ResultsDuring the mean follow‐up (13.7 years), 469 and 299 cases of stomach and colorectal cancer were identified, respectively. The preventive effect of vegetable, fish, and soybean/tofu intake on colorectal cancer was found in women after adjustment for smoking, drinking, BMI, and sociodemographic factors. In the subgroup analysis of non‐smokers and non‐drinkers, the effect on colorectal cancer was increased in women (≥1 time/week vs. almost never, vegetables: hazard ratio (HR) 0.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13–0.69; fish: HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.83), and the fresh fish intake effect on stomach cancer was newly identified in men (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.15–0.86). These effects were more pronounced and additionally shown in other dietary factors such as soybean or tofu in women and vegetables and fish in men, when subjects with <5 ng/mg urinary cotinine concentrations applied.ConclusionThe protective effect of healthy eating on the risk of stomach and colorectal cancer were different by smoking and drinking status. Rigorous control of smoking and drinking effects is necessary when measuring the effect of dietary factors on cancer, properly.
Efficacy and safety of PD‐1 monoclonal antibody combined with interferon‐alpha 1b and anlotinib hydrochloride as the second‐line therapy in patients with unresectable advanced melanoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Zhao Bolun , Zhang Mengyu , Tang Jingyi , Zou Daopei , Liu Fang , Shi Qiong , Gao Tianwen , Li Chunying , Zhu Guannan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune‐checkpoint inhibitors are now used more commonly in combination than monotherapy as the first‐line choice in patients with unresectable advanced melanoma. Nevertheless, for cases that progressed after the initial combination therapy, the subsequent regimen option can be very difficult. Herein, we reported the efficacy and safety of a triple combination regimen in Chinese unresectable advanced melanoma patients who had poor responses to the first‐line immune therapy.MethodsWe reviewed the clinical profiles of patients diagnosed with stage IIIC‐IV melanoma between June 1, 2020, and September 30, 2023. The patients who failed the prior immune therapies and received anti‐PD‐1 mono antibody plus interferon(IFN)‐alpha 1b and anlotinib hydrochloride as the second‐line therapy were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Additionally, we examined the exhaustion of T‐cells using mIHC staining in available tumor samples.ResultsFifty‐five patients were included in this study. The median follow‐up period was 13.6 months. The objective response rate evaluated by the investigators was 9.1%(1CR, 4PR). The disease control rate was 47.3%. The median overall survival was 17.6 months, and the median progression‐free survival was 2.8 months. The adverse events rate of any grade was 100%. Grade 3 or 4 irAEs were observed in 29.1% of cases. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining revealed an increased trend of TIM3 expression on tumor‐infiltrating T cells in patients without objective response.ConclusionPD‐1 monoclonal antibody plus interferon‐alpha 1b plus anlotinib showed acceptable tolerability and anticancer benefits in Chinese metastatic melanoma patients as a second‐line therapy.
Multidisciplinary care meeting practices across diverse international settings
Authors: Pershad Alisha R. , Graetz Dylan , Le Mai An , Forrest Heather , Gonzalez‐Guzman Miriam , Friedrich Paola 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeMultidisciplinary care (MDC) meetings improve the quality of cancer care by providing a space for interdisciplinary communication. The Pediatric Oncology Facility Integrated Local Evaluation (PrOFILE) tool assesses MDC meetings as part of the Service Integration module. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of MDC meetings at institutions that completed PrOFILE.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2021, 112 institutions from 23 countries collected data by utilizing the abbreviated version of PrOFILE. Within a secondary data analysis, we descriptively analyzed the characteristics of MDC meetings stratified by income level.ResultsParticipating institutions were located in low‐income countries (LICs) (n = 6), lower‐middle‐income countries (LMICs) (n = 34), upper‐middle‐income countries (UMICs) (n = 55), and high‐income countries (HICs) (n = 17). Of the 112 participating facilities, 79% reported having MDC meetings. The existence of an MDC varied with income, with 50% of LICs and 100% of HICs hosting MDCs. The frequency of MDC meetings also differed, with 100% of MDCs in LICs occurring weekly, while 53% of MDCs in HICs occurred monthly. Specialties regularly represented at MDC meetings across all participating institutions were hematology/oncology (93%), pathology (52%), radiology (60%), general surgery (57%), and radiation oncology (51%). All MDC meetings in LICs reported representation from these specialties. Availability of test results and discussion of new cases did not vary with income. Residual disparities were identified for the following characteristics: discussion of new and interesting cases, inclusion of patient preferences, and ability to meet urgently.ConclusionsThe existence and components of a functional MDC meeting may vary between countries' income levels. Variation in certain components, such as access to tests, may be due to differences in resource distribution, but other factors such as inclusion of patient preferences and ability to meet urgently can be optimized in all settings to foster high‐quality teamwork and communication.