bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer risk by extent and type of atypical hyperplasia: An update from the Nurses' Health Studies
Authors: Collins Laura C. , Aroner Sarah A. , Connolly James L. , Colditz Graham A. , Schnitt Stuart J. , Tamimi Rulla M. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDWomen with atypical hyperplasia (AH) on a benign breast biopsy specimen are at increased risk for the development of breast cancer. However, the relation between the type and extent of AH (atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH] vs atypical lobular hyperplasia [ALH]) and the magnitude of the breast cancer risk is not well defined.METHODSA nested case‐control study of benign breast disease and breast cancer risk was conducted. Women with breast cancer and prior benign breast biopsy findings (488 cases) were matched to women with prior benign breast biopsy findings who were free from breast cancer (1907 controls). Benign breast biopsy slides were reviewed and categorized as nonproliferative, proliferative without atypia, or AH (ADH or ALH). The number of foci of AH was also recorded.RESULTSAmong women with ADH, the interrelation between the extent of atypia and breast cancer risk was not significant (odds ratio [OR] for 1 or 2 foci, 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2‐5.6; OR for ≥3 foci, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4‐5.1; P = .41). Similarly, although the risk with ALH was higher for those with ≥3 foci than for those with <3 foci, the difference was not statistically significant (OR for 1 or 2 foci, 5.2; 95% CI, 2.7‐10.0; OR for ≥3 foci, 8.0; 95% CI, 4.5‐14.2; P = .19).CONCLUSIONSThis analysis demonstrates that the extent of ADH or ALH does not significantly contribute to breast cancer risk. The lack of a significant dose‐response relation between the extent and type of atypia and breast cancer risk suggests that it would be premature to use the extent of atypia to influence management decisions for women with ADH or ALH. Cancer 2016;122:515–520. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Interspecific interactions change the outcome of sexual conflict over prehatching parental investment in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: De Gasperin Ornela , Kilner Rebecca M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSexual conflict arises when the optimal reproductive strategy differs for males and females. It is associated with every reproductive stage, yet few studies have considered how the outcome may be changed by interactions with other species. Here, we show that phoretic mites Poecilochirus carabi change the outcome of sexual conflict over the supply of prehatching parental investment in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. Burying beetles require a small dead vertebrate for reproduction, which they prepare by shaving it, rolling up the flesh, and burying it. When pairs were given a medium‐sized mouse to prepare (13–16 g), mites changed how the costs of reproduction were divided between the sexes, with males then sustaining greater costs than females. We found no equivalent difference when pairs prepared larger or smaller carcasses. Thus, our experiment shows that the outcome of sexual conflict over prehatching parental investment is changed by interactions with other species during reproduction.
Local maximum principle satisfying high‐order non‐oscillatory schemes
Authors: Dubey Ritesh Kumar , Biswas Biswarup , Gupta Vikas 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe main contribution of this work is to classify the solution region including data extrema for which high‐order non‐oscillatory approximation can be achieved. It is performed in the framework of local maximum principle (LMP) and non‐conservative formulation. The representative uniformly second‐order accurate schemes are converted in to their non‐conservative form using the ratio of consecutive gradients. Using the local maximum principle, these non‐conservative schemes are analyzed for their non‐linear LMP/total variation diminishing stability bounds which classify the solution region where high‐order accuracy can be achieved. Based on the bounds, second‐order accurate hybrid numerical schemes are constructed using a shock detector. The presented numerical results show that these hybrid schemes preserve high accuracy at non‐sonic extrema without exhibiting any induced local oscillations or clipping error. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined treatment with memantine/es‐citalopram for older depressed patients with cognitive impairment: a pilot study
Authors: Pelton Gregory H. , Harper Oliver L. , Roose Steven P. , Marder Karen , D'Antonio Kristina , Devanand D. P. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to assess combined antidepressant and memantine treatment in older patients presenting with depression and cognitive impairment.MethodsThirty‐five depressed patients with cognitive impairment participated in this open‐label pilot study. We evaluated whether, over a 48‐week period, combined antidepressant (primarily es‐citalopram) and memantine treatment was effective in the treatment of cognitive impairment and depression. Neuropsychological testing was performed, and antidepressant response monitored at baseline and at the 12, 24, and 48‐week time points.ResultsTreatment with escitalopram (mean daily dose 18.62 mg, SD 5.15) and memantine (mean daily dose 13.62 mg, SD 6.67) was associated with improvement in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores over the 48‐week study period. Patients demonstrated significant improvement in the primary outcome of cognitive performance (Selective Reminding Test total immediate recall; SRT‐IR) over the 48‐week treatment period (p = 0.0147). Significant improvement was also observed in measures of naming and verbal fluency but not in the other cognitive domains. One of the 35 patients (2.9%) converted to Alzheimer's disease over the 48‐week treatment period. In the amnestic mild cognitive impairment subsample (n = 22), the conversion rate was 4.5%, a rate lower than in other reports of patients with DEP‐CI.ConclusionsIn this open‐label trial, combined antidepressant and memantine treatment in patients with DEP‐CI was associated with improved cognition and a low rate of conversion to dementia compared with published studies in patients with DEP‐CI. Although limited by the open‐label study design that incorporates practice effects that can improve cognitive test performance, the findings suggest the need for a larger randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the role of physical illness in young old and older old suicide attempters
Authors: Wiktorsson Stefan , Berg Anne I. , Wilhelmson Katarina , Mellqvist Fässberg Madeleine , Van Orden Kimberly , Duberstein Paul , Waern Margda 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesAttributions for attempting suicide were explored in older adults with and without serious physical illness.MethodsAn open‐ended question was used to explore attributions for attempting suicide in 101 hospitalized persons aged 70+. Serious physical illness was defined as a score of 3 or 4 on any of the 13 non‐psychiatric organ categories in the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics.ResultsRoughly one‐third of hospitalized persons with (22/62) and without (12/39) serious physical illness attributed the suicide attempt to somatic distress. Among 70‐ to 79‐year‐olds, seriously physically ill patients were more likely than healthier patients to attribute their attempt to psychological pain (84% vs. 48%, p = 0.013). There were no significant differences in attributions in persons with and without serious health problems in the 80+ group.ConclusionsThe processes by which physical illness confers risk for attempted suicide in older adulthood may be age dependent. Interventions are needed to mitigate psychological pain in physically ill older patients, especially those in their seventies. Research is needed to understand how the psychological processes that influence the desire for suicide change across older adulthood. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Radiologic extranodal spread and matted nodes: Important predictive factors for development of distant metastases in patients with high‐risk head and neck cancer
Authors: de Bree Remco , Ljumanovic Redina , Hazewinkel Marieke J. , Witte Birgit I. , Castelijns Jonas A. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundDifferent clinical high‐risk factors for the development of distant metastases have been identified but not tested in the same cohort of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsIn 145 patients with previously identified clinical high risk factors, the presence of extranodal spread (ENS) and matted node on pretreatment CT (n = 96) and/or MRI (n = 111) were determined.ResultsOf 145 patients, ENS was detected in 87 patients (60.0%) and matted nodes in 53 patients (36.6%). Kaplan–Meier curves for presence or absence of ENS (on CT and/or MRI) and matted nodes (on CT) differ significantly. In a Cox regression analysis, only ENS was a significant risk factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0–5.5; p < .001).ConclusionIn patients with high‐risk HNSCC with clinically (palpably or radiologically) ENS and matted nodes, both determined radiologically, are high risk factors for development of distant metastases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1452–E1458, 2016
Comparative ontogeny of the feeding apparatus of sympatric drums (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Deary Alison L. , Hilton Eric J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe anatomy of the feeding apparatus in fishes, including both oral and pharyngeal jaw elements, is closely related to the ecology of a species. During ontogeny, the oral and pharyngeal jaws undergo dramatic changes. To better understand how such ontogenetic changes occur and relate to the feeding ecology of a species, ontogenetic series of four closely related members of the family Sciaenidae (Cynoscion nebulosus,Cynoscion regalis,Micropogonias undulatus, andLeiostomus xanthurus) were examined. Sciaenids were selected because as adults they exhibit considerable specialization of the feeding apparatus correlated with differences in foraging habitats. However, it is not clear when during ontogeny the structural specializations of the feeding apparatus develop, and thereby enable early life history stage (ELHS) sciaenids to partition their foraging habitats. A regression tree was recovered from the analysis and three divergences were identified during ontogeny. There are no measurable differences in elements of the feeding apparatus until the first divergence at 8.4 mm head length (HL), which was attributed to differences in average gill filament length on the second ceratobranchial. The second divergence occurred at 14.1 mm HL and was associated with premaxilla length. The final divergence occurred at 19.8 mm HL and was associated with differences in the toothed area of the fifth certatobranchial. These morphological divergences suggest that ELHS sciaenids may be structurally able to partition their foraging habitats as early as 8.4 mm HL. J. Morphol. 277:183–195, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc bioavailability in maize grains in response of phosphorous–zinc interaction
Authors: Imran Muhammad , Rehim Abdur , Sarwar Nadeem , Hussain Saddam 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhosphorous (P) and zinc (Zn) are plant nutrients that interact with each other in soil–plant systems. Such interactions may cause deficiency of one of the nutrients interacting with each other if interactions are antagonistic. In the present trial, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effect of Zn (0 and 16 kg ha−1) and P (0 and 60 kg ha−1) on growth, yield and grain Zn concentration of two maize (Zea maysL.) genotypes,i.e., Neelam (local) and DK‐6142 (hybrid). Growth and yield of both maize genotypes were increased by the application of Zn and P treatments compared with control, but Zn+P was more effective than their sole application. When compared to control, combined application of Zn+P increased grain Zn and P concentrations by 52% and 32%, respectively, averaged for the two genotypes. Single application of P decreased grain Zn concentration by 10% over control. Application of P and Zn particularly in combination decreased the grain [phytate] : [Zn] ratio and increased the estimated human Zn bioavailability in grains based on a trivariate model of Zn absorption in both maize genotypes. Conclusively, combined Zn+P application appeared more suitable for enhancing grain yield and agronomic Zn biofortification in maize grains. However, Zn fertilization aiming at increasing grain yield and grain Zn concentration should consider the genotypic variations and P rate.
Late Devensian deglaciation of the Tyne Gap Palaeo‐Ice Stream, northern England
Authors: Livingstone Stephen J. , Roberts David H. , Davies Bethan J. , Evans David J. A. , Ó Cofaigh Colm , Gheorghiu Delia M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe deglacial history of the central sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet is poorly constrained, particularly along major ice‐stream flow paths. The Tyne Gap Palaeo‐Ice Stream (TGIS) was a major fast‐flow conduit of the British–Irish Ice Sheet during the last glaciation. We reconstruct the pattern and constrain the timing of retreat of this ice stream using cosmogenic radionuclide (10Be) dating of exposed bedrock surfaces, radiocarbon dating of lake cores and geomorphological mapping of deglacial features. Four of the five 10Be samples produced minimum ages between 17.8 and 16.5 ka. These were supplemented by a basal radiocarbon date of 15.7 ± 0.1 cal ka BP, in a core recovered from Talkin Tarn in the Brampton Kame Belt. Our new geochronology indicates progressive retreat of the TGIS from 18.7 to 17.1 ka, and becoming ice free before 16.4–15.7 ka. Initial retreat and decoupling of the TGIS from the North Sea Lobe is recorded by a prominent moraine 10–15 km inland of the present‐day coast. This constrains the damming of Glacial Lake Wear to a period before ∼18.7–17.1 ka in the area deglaciated by the contraction of the TGIS. We suggest that retreat of the TGIS was part of a regional collapse of ice‐dispersal centres between 18 and 16 ka.
Comparison of antioxidant activity of the fruits derived from in vitro propagated and traditionally cultivated tayberry plants
Authors: Zayova Ely G , Stancheva Ira V , Geneva Maria P , Petrova Maria I , Dimitrova Ludmila I 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTayberry is a hybrid between Rubus fruticosus L. and Rubus idaeus L. These fruits contain valuable vitamins and antioxidants. An effective protocol for micropropagation of tayberry plants is here described. Different concentrations of cytokinins (6‐benzylaminopurine, zeatin, and 6‐(γ,γ‐dimethylallylamino)purine) were added in Murashige and Skoog, 1962 (MS) medium to micropropagation using stem tip and nodal explants.RESULTSThe highest propagation rate was recorded on MS medium containing 2 mg L−1 zeatin, where the shoot formation resulted in 3.4 shoots per stem tip explant after 4 weeks of culture. It was found that half‐strength MS medium with 0.1 mg L−1 indole‐3‐butyric acid was the best for plant rooting. For ex vitro acclimatization of plants, the mixture of peat, soil, and perlite (1:1:1 v/v/v) was the most suitable planting substrate for hardening. The micropropagation protocol described in this study might be useful for the production of healthy plant materials. Tayberry fruits from in vitro propagated plants and adapted to the field conditions possessed higher antioxidant capacity in comparison to traditionally cultivated plants.CONCLUSIONFruit extracts of micropropagated tayberry plants and adapted to field conditions can be used as a rich source of natural antioxidants. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐volume hydrodissection for abdominally based free flaps: Preliminary results
Authors: Lee Timothy , Patel Nirav , Toskich Beau B. , Fanzio Paolo M. , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Lee Bernard T. , Singhal Dhruv 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionA novel method of high‐volume hydrodissection that provides both subfascial and intramuscular perforator dissection of deep inferior epigastric perforators has been safely demonstrated in animals. This manuscript demonstrates our preliminary results when translating this technique to humans.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all free‐flap breast reconstructions utilizing the high‐volume hydrodissection technique performed by the senior author (DS) at the University of Florida Medical Center from January 2014 to June 2015.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent 31 free‐flap breast reconstructions during the study period utilizing the high‐volume hydrodissection technique. No patients were lost to follow‐up which averaged 8.2 months. Complications included 1 partial flap necrosis (<10%), 1 breast hematoma, 1 abdominal bulge, 2 flaps with minimal fat necrosis (<5%), and 1 abdominal wall cellulitis.ConclusionHigh‐volume hydrodissection is a safe technique to facilitate dissection of abdominally based free flaps for breast reconstruction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:307–311, 2017.
NEB‐related core‐rod myopathy with distinct clinical and pathological features
Authors: Park Young‐Eun , Shin Jin‐Hong , Kang Boram , Lee Chang‐Hoon , Kim Dae‐Seong 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mutations in the gene encoding nebulin (NEB) are known to cause several types of congenital myopathy including recessive nemaline myopathy and distal nebulin myopathy. Core‐rod myopathy has recently been reported to be another type of NEB‐related myopathy, and is pathologically characterized by the coexistence of cores and nemaline rods within muscle fibers. Methods: We describe 2 patients with core‐rod myopathy who were analyzed genetically by whole exome sequencing and evaluated clinically and pathologically. Findings were compared with those of patients with the disease of other genetic causes. Results: Three NEB mutations were identified, 2 of which were novel. Mild clinical features, unusual patterns of muscle involvement, and atypical pathological findings were observed. Conclusions: We propose that the clinical and pathological spectrum of core‐rod myopathy should be widened. A significant amount of residual nebulin expression is believed to contribute to the much milder phenotype exhibited by the patients we describe here. Muscle Nerve 53: 479–484, 2016
Amphiphilic liquid‐crystalline 4‐miktoarm star copolymers with a siloxane junction leading to cylindrically nanostructured templates for a siloxane‐based nanodot array
Authors: Asadul Hoque Md , Komiyama Hideaki , Nishiyama Hiroki , Nagai Keiji , Kawauchi Takehiro , Iyoda Tomokazu 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTWell‐defined A3B‐, A2B2‐, and AB3‐type 4‐miktoarm star copolymers (Mn = 10,500–16,200, Mw/Mn = 1.16–1.18) consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polymethacrylate bearing an azobenzene mesogen (PMA(Az)) as the arms and cyclotetrasiloxane as the core unit were synthesized using a combined route composed of a thiol‐ene click reaction and atom transfer radical polymerization. Microphase‐separated structures of the star copolymers in thin films with a thickness of approximately 100 nm were investigated by GISAXS and TEM. The A3B‐type star‐(PEO)3[PMA(Az)]1 copolymer formed a more highly ordered PEO cylinder array with perpendicular alignment in the PMA(Az) matrix than that of the corresponding linear‐type block copolymer. The center‐to‐center distance of the PEO cylinders and the cylinder diameter were 13 and 4 nm, respectively. The highly ordered star‐(PEO)3[PMA(Az)]1 thin film was directly transferred to a siloxane‐based nanodot array by oxygen reactive ion etching. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1175–1188
Bifunctional benzoxazines: Synthesis and polymerization of resorcinol based single isomers
Authors: Schäfer Hannes , Arnebold André , Stelten Johannes , Marquet Jordi , María Sebastián Rosa , Hartwig Andreas , Koschek Katharina 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAside from their outstanding properties such as thermal and chemical stability and excellent mechanical performance, benzoxazines suffer from high polymerization temperatures. Isomeric mixtures of bifunctional benzoxazines based on resorcinol proved already to be highly reactive monomers enabling polymerizations at lower temperatures. This contribution describes the polymerization behavior of single benzoxazine isomers and furthermore the influence of different substituents at the aniline moiety on the curing temperature. Single isomers of bifunctional benzoxazines are now accessible in a straightforward one‐pot synthesis starting from resorcinol and the appropriate N‐phenyl functionalized aniline component. The asymmetric benzoxazine monomers bearing no (R‐a: Tpeak = 179 °C) or electron‐donating substituents in meta position to N (R‐3,5dma: Tpeak = 183 °C) succeed in lowering the polymerization temperature. Additionally, the impact of several initiating systems was studied resulting in a decrease of the polymerization temperature for all studied resorcinol derived benzoxazine isomers (down to 144 °C). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 1243–1251
Morphological and mechanical behavior of montmorillonite grafted block copolymer brushes
Authors: Behling Ross E. , Kalluru Sri Harsha , Cochran Eric W. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTHere we report the phase behavior of a family of montmorillonite (MMT) block copolymer brushes (MBBs), a novel class of polymer nanocomposites. MBBs are comprised of discrete MMT platelets encapsulated with block copolymer brushes. These MBBs were synthesized via surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization using halogenated alkylammonium surfactants to localize initiation sites on the clay surfaces. Two styreninc MBB systems—poly(styrene‐b‐n‐butyl acrylate) and poly(styrene‐b‐t‐butyl acrylate)—were prepared varying the composition and total
80–250 kDa. MBB materials were compared with their non‐clay bulk block copolymer counterparts via electron microscopy and a host of mechanical tests in both the solid and melt states. Notably, MBBs have similar melt‐state rheological properties compared to neat block copolymers and are thus amenable to current processing techniques. MBBs were found to self‐assemble into single grain morphologies across incredibly large areas (>3 μm) which resulted in extremely well‐ordered, defect‐free lamellar structures with applications in microelectronics. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 353–361
Retracted: Ebola virus: an introduction and its pathology
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Kumar Arbind , Singh Kashmir , Kaur Jagdeep 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe Ebola viruses are causative agent of a severe Ebola virus disease (EVD) or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) in human and other primates. Transmission of EVD occurs through the contact of body fluids from infected persons or animals, making it one of the most epidemic diseases worldwide. Underestimating the Ebola virus has cost loss of precious human lives in recent years. Ebola virus outbreak in year 2014 created a history, affecting a larger population in a wide geographical region of African sub‐continent. EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 70%. Ebola viruses are endemic in regions of Africa. Ebola viruses mainly target the hepatocytes, endothelial, and macrophage‐rich lymphoid tissues and are characterized by immune suppression and a systemic inflammatory response that causes impairment of the vascular, coagulation, and immune systems. This impairment leads to multifocal necrosis and multi organ failure, and thus, in some ways, resembling septic shock. Currently, neither a specific treatment nor a vaccine licensed for use in humans is available. This review is focused on general characteristic of Ebola viruses, its pathogenesis, immunological response of host, and recent approaches for vaccine development against EVD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.