bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of environmental exposure to diazepam on the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas
Authors: Lorenzi Varenka , Choe Ree , Schlenk Daniel 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPharmaceutical drugs are continuously discharged into the aquatic environment primarily through wastewater discharge; therefore, their possible effects on wildlife is a reason of concern. Diazepam is a widely prescribed benzodiazepine drug used to treat insomnia and anxiety disorders, and it has been found in wastewater effluents worldwide. The present study tested the effects of diazepam on fecundity and the reproductive behavior of the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, a fish that exhibits male parental care. Sexually mature fathead minnows were housed at a ratio of one male and two females per tank and exposed to nominal (measured) concentrations of 0, 0.1 (0.14 ± 0.06), 1.0 (1.04 ± 0.15), 10 (13.4 ± 1.5) µg L−1 for 21 days. Fish receiving the low diazepam treatment had significantly larger clutches than fish receiving the highest concentration but neither were different from controls. Diazepam exposure was not associated with a significant change in fertilization rate, hatchability or time to hatch, but a trend toward a higher number of eggs/day was observed in fish exposed to the low diazepam concentration relative to those exposed to the medium concentration. There were no significant differences in any of the behaviors analyzed when responses were averaged over time. The results showed that exposure to diazepam at concentrations as high as 13 µg L−1 did not significantly impact the reproductive behavior of fathead minnow. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 561–568, 2016.
Immediate and long‐term effects of psychological stress during adolescence in cardiovascular function: Comparison of homotypic vs heterotypic stress regimens
Authors: Duarte Josiane O. , Planeta Cleopatra S. , Crestani Carlos C. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAdolescence has been proposed as an ontogenic period of vulnerability to stress. Nevertheless, the impact of stressful events during adolescence in cardiovascular activity is poorly understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and long‐lasting effects of exposure to stressful events during adolescence in cardiovascular function of rats. To this end, we compared the impact of 10‐days exposure to two chronic stress protocols: the repeated restraint stress (RRS, homotypic) and chronic variable stress (CVS, heterotypic). Independent groups of animals were tested 24 h (immediate) or three weeks (long‐lasting) following completion of stress period. Exposure to CVS, but not RRS, during adolescence increased basal HR values without affecting arterial pressure, which was followed by augmented power of oscillatory component at low frequency (sympathetic‐related) of the pulse interval (PI). RRS enhanced variance of the PI with an increase in the power of both low and high (parasympathetic‐related) frequency components. RRS also increased the baroreflex gain. Neither RRS nor CVS affected systolic arterial pressure variability. The RRS‐evoked changes in PI variability were long‐lasting and persisted into adulthood while all alterations evoked by the CVS were reversed in adulthood. These findings indicate a stress type‐specific influence in immediate and long‐term effects of stress during adolescence in cardiovascular function. While immediate changes in cardiovascular function were mainly observed following CVS, long‐lasting autonomic consequences in adulthood were observed only in animals exposed to RRS during adolescence.
Increased expression of Hes5 protein in Notch signaling pathway in the hippocampus of mice offspring of dams fed a high‐fat diet during pregnancy and suckling
Authors: Mendes‐da‐Silva Cristiano , Lemes Simone Ferreira , Baliani Tanyara da Silva , Versutti Milena Diorio , Torsoni Marcio Alberto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMaternal high‐fat diet (HFD) impairs hippocampal development of offspring promoting decreased proliferation of neural progenitors, in neuronal differentiation, in dendritic spine density and synaptic plasticity reducing neurogenic capacity. Notch signaling pathway participates in molecular mechanisms of the neurogenesis. The activation of Notch signaling leads to the upregulation of Hes5, which inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors. This study aimed to investigate the Notch/Hes pathway activation in the hippocampus of the offspring of dams fed an HFD. Female Swiss mice were fed a control diet (CD) and an HFD from pre‐mating until suckling. The bodyweight and mass of adipose tissue in the mothers and pups were also measured. The mRNA and protein expression of Notch1, Hes5, Mash1, and Delta1 in the hippocampus was assessed by RT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. Dams fed the HFD and their pups had an increased bodyweight and amount of adipose tissue. Furthermore, the offspring of mothers fed the HFD exhibited an increased Hes5 expression in the hippocampus compared with CD offspring. In addition, HFD offspring also expressed increased amounts of Notch1 and Hes5 mRNA, whereas Mash1 expression was decreased. However, the expression of Delta1 did not change significantly. We propose that the overexpression of Hes5, a Notch effector, downregulates the expression of the proneural gene Mash1 in the offspring of obese mothers, delaying cellular differentiation. These results provide further evidence that an offspring's hippocampus is molecularly susceptible to maternal HFD and suggest that Notch1 signaling in this brain region is important for neuronal differentiation.
Comparative Effects of Multilevel Muscle Tendon Surgery, Osteotomies, and Dorsal Rhizotomy on Functional and Gait Outcome Measures for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Feger Mark A. , Lunsford Christopher D. , Sauer Lindsay D. , Novicoff Wendy , Abel Mark F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the impact of common surgical interventions (selective dorsal rhizotomy, muscle‐tendon surgery, and osteotomies) for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) on Gross Motor Function Measure and temporal, kinematic, and kinetic gait variables as assessed via 3‐dimensional motion analysis.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMotion analyses laboratory.ParticipantsNinety‐four patients with CP, 56 of whom underwent surgery (37, muscle‐tendon surgery; 11, osteotomy; and 8, selective dorsal rhizotomy) and 38 of whom did not have surgery; the patients were ages 4‐18 years, with a Gross Motor Function Classification System classification of I, II, or III.InterventionsSingle‐event, multilevel muscle tendon surgery, selective dorsal rhizotomy, and osteotomy.Main Outcome MeasuresChange scores (postintervention – preintervention) in Gross Motor Function Measure and temporal, kinematic, and kinetic gait variables.ResultsNo statistically significant differences in change scores were found between groups in the Gross Motor Function Measure, velocity, or stride length measures after the observation period. The selective dorsal rhizotomy group had greater improvements in knee extension when compared with the nonsurgical group and greater hip and knee total range of motion during the gait cycle when compared with nonsurgical group and the muscle‐tendon surgery and osteotomy cohorts. Lastly, the muscle‐tendon surgery group had greater improvements in total knee range of motion compared with the nonsurgical group.ConclusionsPatients who undergo selective dorsal rhizotomy and, to a lesser extent, muscle tendon procedures demonstrate greater improvements in kinematic gait variables compared with nonsurgical interventions in patients with spasticity resulting from CP.
OVID,FASTI3.330
Authors: Morgan Llewelyn 
Published: November 2014

eliciunt caelo te, Iuppiter; unde minoresnunc quoque te celebrant Eliciumque uocant.constat Auentinae tremuisse cacumina siluae,terraque subsedit pondere pressa Iouis. (Ov.Fasti3.327–30)They draw you down from the sky, Jupiter, and that is why more recent generations still worship you today, and call you Elicius. It is certain that the summit of the Aventine wood trembled, and the earth sank beneath the weight of Jupiter.Dismayed by an unprecedented flurry of thunderbolts, the pious King Numa sets out to expiate the omen. His divine consort Egeria advises him to learn theritus piandi(291) from Picus and Faunus, who will, however, only reveal the necessary information under compulsion. Numa makes plans to ambush the gods, taking up position in a cave within a grove ‘under the Aventine, black with the shade of the holm oak, at sight of which you would say, “A spirit is here”’ (lucus Auentino suberat niger ilicis umbra, | quo posses uiso dicere ‘numen inest’, 295–6). The description of this numinous location continues (297–9):in medio gramen, muscoque adoperta uirentimanabat saxo uena perennis aquae;inde fere soli Faunus Picusque bibebant.In the middle was a meadow, and an unceasing stream of water, covered with green moss, flowed from the rock. From it Faunus and Picus, unaccompanied, were in the habit of drinking.Once captured by the king, Faunus and Picus tell Numa that only Jupiter himself can be consulted about Jupiter's own domain (if we readtectaat 316; Jupiter's weapons, if we readtela, and there's little to choose between those readings), but that with their help Numa may be able to draw Jupiter down from the sky to answer his enquiry.
COWERING GUMNĒTES: A NOTE ON TYRTAEUS FR. 11.35–8 W
Authors: Romney Jessica M. 
Published: November 2014

The extended exhortation of Tyrtaeus fr. 11 W urges the audience to take up their shield and spears and fight in a defensive fashion, ‘placing foot against foot, leaning chest on chest’ (v. 31). The overt message of the poem is clear: do not shirk nor run away, but rather stand firm and fight. Within the poem, Tyrtaeus weaves a more subtle message, describing a hoplite group which derives its defining characteristics through possession of a stalwart, ‘passive’ courage and a shield with a ‘belly’ (v. 24). The cohesion that this poem calls for and reproduces through its use of the second person plural and description of close, hoplite fighting, however, is disrupted by the last four lines of the poem, which form a jarring address that sit uneasily alongside the remainder of the poem. In West's text they read:
ὑμεῖς δ', ὦ γυμνῆτες, ὑπ' ἀσπίδος ἄλλοθεν ἄλλοςπτώσσοντες μεγάλοις βάλλετε χερμαδίοιςδούρασί τε ξεστοῖσιν ἀκοντίζοντες ἐς αὐτούς,τοῖσι πανόπλοισιν πλησίον ἱστάμενοι. (vv. 35–8)But you, light-armoured men, throw your great boulders, cowering here and there under a shield and hurling your polished spears against the enemy, as you stand near to the fully armoured men.
Is the clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa extinct in Taiwan, and could it be reintroduced? An assessment of prey and habitat
Authors: Chiang Po-Jen , Pei Kurtis Jai-Chyi , Vaughan Michael R. , Li Ching-Feng , Chen Mei-Ting , Liu Jian-Nan , Lin Chung-Yi , Lin Liang-Kong , Lai Yu-Ching 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDuring 1997–2012 we conducted a nationwide camera-trapping survey and assessed the availability of prey and habitat for the clouded leopard Neofelis nebulosa in Taiwan. We surveyed 1,249 camera-trap sites over 113,636 camera-trap days, from the seashore to an altitude of 3,796 m and covering various types of vegetation. No clouded leopards were photographed during 128,394 camera-trap days, including at 209 sites in other studies, confirming the presumed extinction of clouded leopards in Taiwan. Assessment of the prey base revealed altitudinal distribution patterns of prey species and prey biomass. Areas at lower altitudes and with less human encroachment and hunting supported a higher prey biomass and more of the typical prey species of clouded leopards. Habitat analysis revealed 8,523 km2 of suitable habitat but this was reduced to 6,734 km2 when adjacent areas of human encroachment were subtracted. In the absence of hunting and large mammalian carnivores the major prey of clouded leopards in Taiwan, such as Formosan macaques Macaca cyclopis, Reeves's muntjacs Muntiacus reevesi, Formosan serow Capricornis swinhoei and sambar Rusa unicolor, could become over-abundant. Thus, it is important to address the cascading effect of the disappearance of top-down predator control. Our assessment indicated that, with proper regulation of hunting, habitat restoration and corridor improvement, it may be possible to reintroduce the clouded leopard.
Women’s autonomy and social support and their associations with infant and young child feeding and nutritional status: community-based survey in rural Nicaragua
Authors: Ziaei Shirin , Contreras Mariela , Zelaya Blandón Elmer , Persson Lars-Åke , Hjern Anders , Ekström Eva-Charlotte 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the associations of women’s autonomy and social support with infant and young child feeding practices (including consumption of highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages) and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua.DesignCross-sectional study. Feeding practices and children’s nutritional status were evaluated according to the WHO guidelines complemented with information on highly processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages. Women’s autonomy was assessed by a seventeen-item questionnaire covering dimensions of financial independence, household-, child-, reproductive and health-related decision making and freedom of movement. Women’s social support was determined using the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire. The scores attained were categorized into tertiles.SettingLos Cuatro Santos area, rural Nicaragua.SubjectsA total of 1371 children 0–35 months of age.ResultsChildren of women with the lowest autonomy were more likely to be exclusively breast-fed and continue to be breast-fed, while children of women with middle level of autonomy had better complementary feeding practices. Children of women with the lowest social support were more likely to consume highly processed snacks and/or sugar-sweetened beverages but also be taller.ConclusionsWhile lower levels of autonomy and social support were independently associated with some favourable feeding and nutrition outcomes, this may not indicate a causal relationship but rather that these factors reflect other matters of importance for child care.
Trends in racial/ethnic disparities in overweight self-perception among US adults, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008
Authors: Langellier Brent A , Glik Deborah , Ortega Alexander N , Prelip Michael L 
Published: November 2014

AbstractObjectiveWeight self-perceptions, or how a person perceives his/her weight status, may affect weight outcomes. We use nationally representative data from 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 to examine racial/ethnic disparities in weight self-perceptions and understand how disparities have changed over time.DesignUsing data from two time periods, 1988–1994 and 1999–2008, we calculated descriptive statistics, multivariate logistic regression models and predicted probabilities to examine trends in weight self-perceptions among Whites, Blacks, US-born Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants to the USA.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III (1988–1994) and continuous NHANES (1999–2008).SubjectsAdult NHANES participants aged 18 years and older (n 37 050).ResultsThe likelihood of self-classifying as overweight declined between 1988–1994 and 1999–2008 among all US adults, despite significant increases in mean BMI and overweight prevalence. Trends in weight self-perceptions varied by gender and between racial/ethnic groups. Whites in both time periods were more likely than racial/ethnic minorities to perceive themselves as overweight. After adjustment for other factors, disparities in weight self-perceptions between Whites and Blacks of both genders grew between survey periods (P<0·05), but differences between overweight White women and Mexican immigrants decreased (P<0·05).ConclusionsWeight self-perceptions have changed during the obesity epidemic in the USA, but changes have not been consistent across racial/ethnic groups. Secular declines in the likelihood of self-classifying as overweight, particularly among Blacks, are troubling because weight self-perceptions may affect weight-loss efforts and obesity outcomes.
The role of reactive oxygen species and subsequent DNA-damage response in the emergence of resistance towards resveratrol in colon cancer models
Authors: Colin D J , Limagne E , Ragot K , Lizard G , Ghiringhelli F , Solary É , Chauffert B , Latruffe N , Delmas D 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn spite of the novel strategies to treat colon cancer, mortality rates associated with this disease remain consistently high. Tumour recurrence has been linked to the induction of resistance towards chemotherapy that involves cellular events that enable cancer cells to escape cell death. Treatment of colon cancer mainly implicates direct or indirect DNA-damaging agents and increased repair or tolerances towards subsequent lesions contribute to generate resistant populations. Resveratrol (RSV), a potent chemosensitising polyphenol, might share common properties with chemotherapeutic drugs through its indirect DNA-damaging effects reportedin vitro. In this study, we investigated how RSV exerts its anticancer effects in models of colon cancer with a particular emphasis on the DNA-damage response (DDR; PIKKs-Chks-p53 signalling cascade) and its cellular consequences. We showedin vitroandin vivothat colon cancer models could progressively escape the repeated pharmacological treatments with RSV. We observed for the first time that this response was correlated with transient activation of the DDR, of apoptosis and senescence.In vitro, a single treatment with RSV induced a DDR correlated with S-phase delay and apoptosis, but prolonged treatments led to transient micronucleations and senescence phenotypes associated with polyploidisation. Ultimately, stable resistant populations towards RSV displaying higher degrees of ploidy and macronucleation as compared to parental cells emerged. We linked these transient effects and resistance emergence to the abilities of these cells to progressively escape RSV-induced DNA damage. Finally, we demonstrated that this DNA damage was triggered by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) against which cancer cells could adapt under prolonged exposure to RSV. This study provides a pre-clinical analysis of the long-term effects of RSV and highlights ROS as main agents in RSV’s indirect DNA-damaging properties and consequences in terms of anticancer response and potent resistance emergence.
Identification of Creb3l4 as an essential negative regulator of adipogenesis
Authors: Kim T-H , Jo S-H , Choi H , Park J-M , Kim M-Y , Nojima H , Kim J-W , Ahn Y-H 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular networks that regulate adipogenesis is crucial for combating obesity. However, the identity and molecular actions of negative regulators that regulate the early development of adipocytes remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of CREB3L4, a member of the CREB3-like family, in the regulation of adiposity. Constitutive overexpression of CREB3L4 resulted in the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation, whereas knockdown ofCreb3l4expression caused differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes, bypassing the mitotic clonal expansion step. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes,Creb3l4knockdown resulted in increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ(PPARγ2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα), either by increasing the protein stability of C/EBPβor by decreasing the expression of GATA3, a negative regulator of PPARγ2 expression. Consequently, increased PPARγ2 and C/EBPαlevels induced adipocyte differentiation, even in the presence of minimal hormonal inducer. Thus, it can be speculated that CREB3L4 has a role as gatekeeper, inhibiting adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Moreover, adipocytes ofCreb3l4-knockout mice showed hyperplasia caused by increased adipogenesis, and exhibited improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as compared with littermate wild-type mice. These results raise the possibility thatCreb3l4could be a useful therapeutic target in the fight against obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Centrosome-declustering drugs mediate a two-pronged attack on interphase and mitosis in supercentrosomal cancer cells
Authors: Pannu V , Rida P C G , Celik B , Turaga R C , Ogden A , Cantuaria G , Gopalakrishnan J , Aneja R 
Published: November 2014

AbstractClassical anti-mitotic drugs have failed to translate their preclinical efficacy into clinical response in human trials. Their clinical failure has challenged the notion that tumor cells divide frequently at rates comparable to those of cancer cells in vitro and in xenograft models. Given the preponderance of interphase cells in clinical tumors, we asked whether targeting amplified centrosomes, which cancer cells carefully preserve in a tightly clustered conformation throughout interphase, presents a superior chemotherapeutic strategy that sabotages interphase-specific cellular activities, such as migration. Herein we have utilized supercentrosomal N1E-115 murine neuroblastoma cells as a test-bed to study interphase centrosome declustering induced by putative declustering agents, such as Reduced-9-bromonoscapine (RedBr-Nos), Griseofulvin and PJ-34. We found tight ‘supercentrosomal’ clusters in the interphase and mitosis of ~80% of patients’ tumor cells with excess centrosomes. RedBr-Nos was the strongest declustering agent with a declustering index of 0.36 and completely dispersed interphase centrosome clusters in N1E-115 cells. Interphase centrosome declustering caused inhibition of neurite formation, impairment of cell polarization and Golgi organization, disrupted cellular protrusions and focal adhesion contacts—factors that are crucial prerequisites for directional migration. Thus our data illustrate an interphase-specific potential anti-migratory role of centrosome-declustering agents in addition to their previously acknowledged ability to induce spindle multipolarity and mitotic catastrophe. Centrosome-declustering agents counter centrosome clustering to inhibit directional cell migration in interphase cells and set up multipolar mitotic catastrophe, suggesting that disbanding the nuclear–centrosome–Golgi axis is a potential anti-metastasis strategy.
Identification of a novel nonsense variant c.1332dup, p.(D445*) in the LDLR gene that causes familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Al-Allaf Faisal A , Athar Mohammad , Abduljaleel Zainularifeen , Bouazzaoui Abdellatif , Taher Mohiuddin M , Own Rakan , Al-Allaf Ahmad F , AbuMansour Iman , Azhar Zohor , Ba-hammam Faisal A , Abalkhail Hala , Alashwal Abdullah 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease predominantly caused by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. Here, we describe two severely affected FH patients who were resistant to statin therapy and were managed on an apheresis program. We identified a novel duplication variant c.1332dup, p.(D445*) at exon 9 and a known silent variant c.1413A>G, p.(=), rs5930, NM_001195798.1 at exon 10 of the LDLR gene in both patients.