bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences and nutrition support strategies in dementia care: Lessons from family carers
Authors: Ball Lauren , Jansen Sarah , Desbrow Ben , Morgan Kate , Moyle Wendy , Hughes Roger 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimTo explore the perceptions of family carers of people with dementia, with emphasis on feeding‐related challenges, burden of care attributable to nutrition support, and practical strategies developed to address these challenges.MethodsA descriptive exploratory qualitative study was undertaken using semistructured interviews from a sample of 14 family carers of non‐institutionalised individuals with dementia living in Queensland, Australia. Interviews explored carers' perceptions of feeding and nutrition support, associated burden and strategies applied to address nutrition‐related challenges. Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using open‐coding and triangular analysis.ResultsFamily carers described a range of feeding and nutrition challenges experienced, including physiological, cognitive, emotional, functional and/or behavioural challenges. Carers described the strategies they used to address feeding challenges, which sometimes contributed to carer burden. Family carers felt uninformed and unsupported with respect to nutrition‐related care by health professionals. Loss of food intake, weight loss and wasting were reported to be sources of considerable anxiety for the family carers. Most family carers reflected that their experiences of nutrition care had been difficult and a significant component of overall burden of care. They developed a range of practical strategies to address feeding and nutrition challenges, including supervising mealtimes, avoiding disagreements over food, and providing regular snacks and finger foods.ConclusionsFamily carers feel unsupported and uninformed with respect to nutrition‐related care of individuals with dementia. Health professionals need to enhance the support and education provided to family carers, including recommending low‐risk strategies that have been tried and tested by experienced family carers.
Discrimination of Cherry Wines Based on Their Sensory Properties and Aromatic Fingerprinting using HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Xiao Zuobing , Liu Shengjiang , Gu Yongbo , Xu Na , Shang Yi , Zhu Jiancai 
Published: February 2014

AbstractVolatiles of cherry wines were extracted by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), multivariate statistical techniques (such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis) to differentiate sensory attributes of 3 groups of the wines through characterization of volatiles of cherry wine. Seventy‐five volatiles were identified in 9 samples, including 29 esters, 22 alcohols, 8 acids, 3 ketones, 5 aldehydes, and 8 miscellaneous compounds. The PCA results showed that the cherry wines were mainly differentiated by 8 sensory attributes. The samples W2, W4, and W7 were grouped around sweet aromatic and the samples W1, W5, and W9 were highly associated with the sweet, esters, green, bitter, and fermented. Nevertheless, the samples W3, W6, and W8 were located close to the sour, alcoholic, and fruity. The final result of correlation analysis was in conformity with the conclusion of PCA. The CA results showed that the group of W2, W4, and W7, and the group of W1, W5, and W9 had less difference than the group of W3, W6, and W8. The reason should be that esterification reactions and fermentation process during the ageing period was more extended. The results of analyzing revealed that HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS coupled with chemometrics could give an appropriate way of characterizing and classifying the cherry wines.Practical ApplicationsAttributes that represent and discriminate among cherry wines might be made use of a better comprehending of the wines and for being utilized in future work. In addition, several chemometrics were used to classify the type of wines and try to install the relationship between volatiles and sensory property. Especially, PCA clearly revealed that the most contributing compounds for sensory attributes of cherry wines, CA was a more applicable way to distinguish types of cherry wines. Therefore, a feasible method that would be helpful to promote the quality of the wines by improving the winemaking process and analyzing aromatic characteristics of wines.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐Based Film Potentially Suitable for Antimicrobial Packaging Applications
Authors: Musetti Alessandro , Paderni Katia , Fabbri Paola , Pulvirenti Andrea , Al‐Moghazy Marwa , Fava Patrizia 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis work aimed at developing a thin and water‐resistant food‐grade poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)‐based matrix able to swell when in contact with high moisture content food products without rupturing to release antimicrobial agents onto the food surface. This film was prepared by blending PVOH and 7.20% (wt/wt of PVOH) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with citric acid as crosslinking agent. The film‐forming solution was then casted onto a flat surface and the obtained film was 60 μm in thickness and showed a good transparency (close to T = 100%) in the visible region (400 to 700 nm). After immersion in water for 72 h at room temperature, the crosslinked matrix loses only 19.2% of its original weight (the percentage includes the amount of unreacted crosslinking agent, antimicrobial in itself). Water content, degree of swelling, and crosslinking density of the film prove that the presence of PEG diminishes the hydrophilic behavior of the material. Also the mechanical properties of the wet and dry film were assessed. Alongside this, 2.5% (wt/wt of dry film) of grapefruit seed extract (GSE), an antimicrobial agent, was added to the film‐forming solution just before casting and the ability of the plastic matrix to release the additive was then evaluated in vitro against 2 GSE‐susceptible microorganisms, Salmonella enteritidis and Listeria innocua. The results indicate that the developed matrix may be a promising food‐grade material for the incorporation of active substances.
Effect of Various Gelling Cations on the Physical Properties of “Wet” Alginate Films
Authors: Harper B. Allison , Barbut Shai , Lim Loong‐Tak , Marcone Massimo F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, the physical properties of “wet” alginate films gelled with various divalent cations (Ba2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, and Zn2+) were explored. Additionally, the effect of adding NaCl to the alginate film‐forming solution prior to gelling was evaluated. Aside from Mg2+, all of the divalent cations were able to produce workable “wet” alginate films. Films gelled with BaCl2 (without added NaCl) had the highest (P < 0.05) tensile strength and Young's modulus while films gelled with CaCl2 (alone) had the highest puncture strength. The Zn‐alginate and Sr‐alginate films had the highest elongation at break values. Adding NaCl to the alginate film‐forming solution increased the viscosity of the solution. Films with added NaCl were less transparent and had lower tensile strength, elongation, and puncture strength than films formed without NaCl in the film‐forming solution. ATR‐FTIR results showed a slight shift in the asymmetric COO− vibrational peak of the alginate when the “wet” alginate films were gelled with Zn2+.
Assessment of the Antioxidant Capacity and Oxidative Stability of Esterified Phenolic Lipids in Selected Edible Oils
Authors: Aziz Sarya , Kermasha Selim 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe research work was aimed at the determination of the antioxidant capacity (AOC) and the oxidative stability of phenolic lipids (PLs), obtained by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of phenolic acids (PAs) with selected edible oils (EOs), including flaxseed (FSO), fish liver (FO), and krill (KO) oils. The statistical analyses (Tukey's test at P < 0.05) revealed that the difference in AOC between that of the esterified FSO (EFSO) and the esterified krill oil (EKO) containing PLs and their control trials of EOs was significant (P < 0.05). To evaluate the storage stability, the EOs and their esterified products were subjected to 2 oxidation treatments. The experimental findings showed that the esterified EOs had higher oxidative stability when they were subjected to light, oxygen, and agitation at 50 °C as compared to that of the EOs; however, only the esterified fish oil (EFO) showed a significant difference in its peroxide value, when the esterified EOs were placed in the dark at 25 °C. Overall, the phenolic mono‐ and diacyglycerols present in the EOs have shown to be potential antioxidants in improving the oxidative stability of the oil and enhancing its AOC.
The Impact of Innovation in Geotechnology on Energy and the Environment
Authors: Page Carter W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA largely open‐source approach to energy technology has been a core catalyst of the transformation that has begun to reshape global markets in recent years. Reflecting the unpredictable characteristics of technological innovation, these changes have had an associated impact on theories that had long served as an accepted framework for the energy industry. Similar to the revolution seen on the supply side of natural gas markets over the past decade, somewhat analogous developments are now arising on the demand side of the equation. Natural gas offers significant advantages relative to current energy consumption given its lower global carbon emissions and decrease in local pollution. By shifting policy focus towards a cleaner and abundant global resource, natural gas offers a means of achieving significant incremental capacity that has made a material impact on meeting future energy requirements while also incrementally improving the environment.
The Shifting Currents of Bioscience Innovation
Authors: Hoffman William 
Published: February 2014

AbstractArising from its roots in the US, biotechnology today is a global enterprise. Cutting‐edge tools are transforming traditional models of drug discovery and development and diagnostic testing. They are enabling the potential for large‐scale production of renewable fuels, biodegradable materials, safer industrial chemicals and food crops grown under harsh conditions. The practice of technological innovation in the industrial era – the systematic application of ideas, inventions and technology to markets, trade and social systems – is now being joined with the code of life through rapid DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies. The pace of bioscience innovation is also influenced by geographic concentration of research, entrepreneurship and investment (clusters). Policy makers are just beginning to consider and debate the implications of the new biological technologies: the promises they hold for global public health, natural resource conservation, and economic growth, and the risks they pose from their power and accessibility around the world.
3D Printing: New Economic Paradigms and Strategic Shifts
Authors: Garrett Banning 
Published: February 2014

Abstract3D printing (3DP) is a classic disruptive technology that is likely to have a huge and widespread impact on the world. This revolutionary technology is likely to dramatically change business models, shift production location, shrink supply chains, and alter the global economic order, potentially degrading the importance of the Asian export manufacturing platforms and revitalizing the US innovation engine and the US economy. In the process, 3DP will change the ‘global operating environment’ for policy makers as well as business and labor. 3DP is already a proven ‘general purpose’ technology that is being used for an enormous range of applications, such as fabricating spare and new parts for planes, trains and automobiles and thousands of items in between. It has huge environmental benefits, including substantial reduction in resources consumed in production, manufacturing products only on demand, and ‘just in time production’ of goods at or near where they are consumed, greatly reducing the carbon footprint of goods produced and shipped thousands of miles to consumers.
Application of three‐dimensional computed tomography in craniofacial clinical practice and research
Authors: Anderson PJ , Yong R , Surman TL , Rajion ZA , Ranjitkar S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractFollowing the invention of the first computed tomography (CT) scanner in the early 1970s, many innovations in three‐dimensional (3D) diagnostic imaging technology have occurred, leading to a wide range of applications in craniofacial clinical practice and research. Three‐dimensional image analysis provides superior and more detailed information compared with conventional plain two‐dimensional (2D) radiography, with the added benefit of 3D printing for preoperative treatment planning and regenerative therapy. Current state‐of‐the‐art multidetector CT (MDCT), also known as medical CT, has an important role in the diagnosis and management of craniofacial injuries and pathology. Three‐dimensional cone beam CT (CBCT), pioneered in the 1990s, is gaining increasing popularity in dental and craniofacial clinical practice because of its faster image acquisition at a lower radiation dose, but sound guidelines are needed to ensure its optimal clinical use. Recent innovations in micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) have revolutionized craniofacial biology research by enabling higher resolution scanning of teeth beyond the capabilities of MDCT and CBCT, presenting new prospects for translational clinical research. Even after four decades of refinement, CT technology continues to advance and broaden the horizons of craniofacial clinical practice and phenomics research.
Epigenetics: a new frontier in dentistry
Authors: Williams SD , Hughes TE , Adler CJ , Brook AH , Townsend GC 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn 2007, only four years after the completion of the Human Genome Project, the journal Science announced that epigenetics was the ‘breakthrough of the year’. Time magazine placed it second in the top 10 discoveries of 2009. While our genetic code (i.e. our DNA) contains all of the information to produce the elements we require to function, our epigenetic code determines when and where genes in the genetic code are expressed. Without the epigenetic code, the genetic code is like an orchestra without a conductor. Although there is now a substantial amount of published research on epigenetics in medicine and biology, epigenetics in dental research is in its infancy. However, epigenetics promises to become increasingly relevant to dentistry because of the role it plays in gene expression during development and subsequently potentially influencing oral disease susceptibility. This paper provides a review of the field of epigenetics aimed specifically at oral health professionals. It defines epigenetics, addresses the underlying concepts and provides details about specific epigenetic molecular mechanisms. Further, we discuss some of the key areas where epigenetics is implicated, and review the literature on epigenetics research in dentistry, including its relevance to clinical disciplines. This review considers some implications of epigenetics for the future of dental practice, including a ‘personalized medicine’ approach to the management of common oral diseases.
InternationalConsensus on drug allergy
Authors: Demoly P. , Adkinson N. F. , Brockow K. , Castells M. , Chiriac A. M. , Greenberger P. A. , Khan D. A. , Lang D. M. , Park H.‐S. , Pichler W. , Sanchez‐Borges M. , Shiohara T. , Thong B. Y.‐H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhen drug reactions resembling allergy occur, they are called drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) before showing the evidence of either drug‐specific antibodies or T cells.DHRs may be allergic or nonallergic in nature, with drug allergies being immunologically mediatedDHRs. These reactions are typically unpredictable. They can be life‐threatening, may require or prolong hospitalization, and may necessitate changes in subsequent therapy. Both underdiagnosis (due to under‐reporting) and overdiagnosis (due to an overuse of the term ‘allergy’) are common. A definitive diagnosis of such reactions is required in order to institute adequate treatment options and proper preventive measures. Misclassification based solely on theDHRhistory without further testing may affect treatment options, result in adverse consequences, and lead to the use of more‐expensive or less‐effective drugs, in contrast to patients who had undergone a complete drug allergy workup. Several guidelines and/or consensus documents on general or specific drug class‐inducedDHRs are available to support the medical decision process. The use of standardized systematic approaches for the diagnosis and management ofDHRs carries the potential to improve outcomes and should thus be disseminated and implemented. Consequently, theInternationalCollaboration inAsthma,Allergy andImmunology (iCAALL), formed by theEuropeanAcademy ofAllergy andClinicalImmunology (EAACI), theAmericanAcademy ofAllergy,Asthma andImmunology (AAAAI), theAmericanCollege ofAllergy,Asthma andImmunology (ACAAI), and theWorldAllergyOrganization (WAO), has decided to issue anInternationalCONsensus (ICON) on drug allergy. The purpose of this document is to highlight the key messages that are common to many of the existing guidelines, while critically reviewing and commenting on any differences and deficiencies of evidence, thus providing a comprehensive reference document for the diagnosis and management of DHRs.
Long‐term metformin use reduces gastric cancer risk in type 2 diabetics without insulin treatment: a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Kim Y.‐I. , Kim S. Y. , Cho S.‐J. , Park J.‐H. , Choi I. J. , Lee Y. J. , Lee E. K. , Kook M.‐C. , Kim C. G. , Ryu K. W. , Kim Y.‐W. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundMetformin use has been associated with a decreased incidence and mortality of various cancers.AimTo evaluate the association between metformin use and gastric cancer.MethodsWe randomly selected 100 000 type 2 diabetic patients from the 2004 Korean National Health Insurance claim database, and assessed gastric cancer incidence among 39 989 patients (aged 30–97 years) who were regularly treated with anti‐diabetic drugs and followed‐up from 2004 to 2010. In total, 26 690 patients had used metformin out of 32 978 diabetics who had not regularly used insulin (insulin non‐users), and 5855 patients had used metformin out of 7011 regular insulin users.ResultsPatients who used metformin showed a lower incidence of gastric cancer than those who did not use metformin, in insulin non‐users (P = 0.047, log‐rank test). However, in patients on regular insulin, there was no difference of gastric cancer incidence according to metformin use. In insulin non‐users, the adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for metformin use was 0.73 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.53–1.01) with borderline statistical significance (P = 0.059). Duration of metformin use was associated with the reduction in gastric cancer risk (AHR, 0.88; 95% CI 0.81–0.96, P = 0.003), especially in patients who used metformin for more than 3 years (AHR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37–0.87; P = 0.009).ConclusionMetformin use >3 years in type 2 diabetics who do not use insulin is associated with a significantly reduced gastric cancer risk.
Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases
Authors: Wang Z. K. , Yang Y. S. , Stefka A. T. , Sun G. , Peng L. H. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe role of the fungal microbiota in digestive diseases is poorly defined, but is becoming better understood due to advances in metagenomics.AimTo review the gastrointestinal fungal microbiota and its relationship with digestive diseases.MethodsSearch of the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Subject headings including ‘fungal‐bacterial interactions’, ‘mycotoxins’, ‘immunity to fungi’, ‘fungal infection’, ‘fungal microbiota’, ‘mycobiome’ and ‘digestive diseases’ were used.ResultsThe fungal microbiota is an integral part of the gastrointestinal microecosystem with up to 106 microorganisms per gram of faeces. Next‐generation sequencing of the fungal 18S rRNA gene has allowed better characterisation of the gastrointestinal mycobiome. Numerous interactions between fungi and bacteria and the complex immune response to gastrointestinal commensal or pathogenic fungi all impact on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal inflammatory entities such as peptic ulcers. Mycotoxins generated as fungal metabolites contribute to disturbances of gastrointestinal barrier and immune functions and are associated with chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions as well as hepatocellular and oesophagogastric cancer. Systemic and gastrointestinal disease can also lead to secondary fungal infections. Fungal genomic databases and methodologies need to be further developed and will allow a much better understanding of the diversity and function of the mycobiome in gastrointestinal inflammation, tumourigenesis, liver cirrhosis and transplantation, and its alteration as a consequence of antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy.ConclusionsThe fungal microbiota and its metabolites impact gastrointestinal function and contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive diseases. Further metagenomic analyses of the gastrointestinal mycobiome in health and disease is needed.
Pre‐admission use of glucocorticoids and 30‐day mortality following colorectal cancer surgery: a population‐based Danish cohort study
Authors: Ostenfeld E. B. , Erichsen R. , Thorlacius‐Ussing O. , Riis A. H. , Sørensen H. T. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBackgroundPrevious studies indicate that pre‐admission glucocorticoids increase the risk of perioperative complications.AimTo examine whether pre‐admission use of glucocorticoids affects 30‐day mortality after colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study by linking Danish medical registries. All residents in Denmark who underwent CRC surgery from 2001 to 2011 were included. We characterised subjects who filled their most recent glucocorticoid prescription ≤90, 91–365 and >365 days before their surgery date as prevalent, recent and former users, respectively. Prevalent users were subgrouped into new (first‐ever prescription ≤90 days before surgery date) and continuing users. We estimated 30‐day cumulative mortality by the Kaplan–Meier method and corresponding mortality rate ratios (MRRs) using Cox proportional hazard regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf the 34 641 CRC patients included, 3966 (11.5%) had filled one or more prescriptions of glucocorticoids within the year before the surgery date. Thirty‐day mortality among prevalent users of oral glucocorticoids was 15.0% vs. 7.3% among non‐users [MRR = 1.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.58]. Among new users, the 30‐day mortality was 17.8% (MRR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.30, 2.83) while it was 14.2% among continuing users (MRR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.44). No associations were found for recent or former use of oral glucocorticoids nor for use of inhaled, intestinal‐acting, and mixed glucocorticoids.ConclusionsPrevalent use, particulary new use, of oral glucocorticoids was associated with markedly increased 30‐day mortality after colorectal cancer surgery compared to patients not exposed to any glucocorticoids.