bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating trends in burnout among American medical students: A decade of distributing the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Medical Students (OLBI-MS)
Authors: Rosen Leah Teresa , Friedman Richard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Burnout among physicians is a growing concern, particularly during recent years in the setting of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recently, greater attention has been paid to researching physician burnout and its downstream effects (i.e. depression, suicidality); however, a majority of this research has focused on resident and attending physician populations. Medical students are a similarly vulnerable population, but the literature on medical student burnout is limited. Specifically, there is no existing literature that evaluates the trend of medical student burnout over recent years, particularly since the Covid-19 pandemic—a time when students navigated challenges related to their clinical experiences and virtual coursework. The aim of this study is to better understand the prevalence of feelings of burnout among American medical students, and evaluate the trend since the mid-2010s. Further, this study aims to compare average burnout scores among 2nd and 4th year medical students, to analyze the relationship between academic year and feelings of exhaustion and disengagement. We analyzed national data collected from the American Association of Medical Colleges’ Year Two and Graduation Questionnaire, each of which includes an Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Medical Students. We found that since 2014, levels of reported exhaustion have significantly increased among medical students. We also found that between 2nd and 4th year students, the 4th year students have consistently reported lower levels of burnout than their 2nd year counterparts over time. Finally, we also found that burnout scores peaked among 2nd year medical students at the time of the Covid-19 pandemic, and have since trended down. These findings provide an essential understanding of burnout trends among American medical students, and can be utilized to help medical educators plan the timing and objectives of wellness interventions.
DrSbChain: A Snowball-Chain Approach for Detecting Communities in Directed Social Graphs
Authors: Bahl Jayati , Abulaish Muhammad , Bhat Sajid Yousuf 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a heterogeneous technique for detecting communities from social graphs called as DrSbChain. It operates in two phases; wherein, it gathers local information from the graph and processes one node at a time (i.e., seed nodes) in the first phase. It employs simple topological properties of the graph to determine the best neighbors nodes for the seed nodes in the graph and merges them to build a chain, referred to as a snowball-chain inspired by the concept of snowball sampling. In each successive iteration, the chains identified in the previous iteration can be combined to form larger snowballs until all the nodes are covered. Finally, the algorithm’s initial phase yields local communities. The second phase merges the local communities using a merge criteria, resulting in the final set of communities. The novelty of DrSbChain is that it can work on both, directed and undirected social graphs, and detect overlapping as well as disjoint communities by just setting a binary parameter value. The overlapping communities produced by DrSbChain are evaluated using link modularity and overlapping normalized mutual information (ONMI) and compared with several state of the art methods. Based on the empirical results, DrSbChain is found to produce better results for link modularity and at par ONMI values. Also, disjoint communities are evaluated using another parameter called the newman modularity along with the previous two measures. This paper also describes an application of the proposed DrSbChain technique to identify communities based on user check-ins from the location-based social networking site Brightkite that can be prove to be useful for influential node identification.
Exploring pulsar glitches with dipolar supersolids
Authors: Bland Thomas , Ferlaino Francesca , Mannarelli Massimo , Poli Elena , Trabucco Silvia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Glitches are sudden spin-up events that interrupt the gradual spin-down of rotating neutron stars. They are believed to arise from the rapid unpinning of vortices in the neutron star inner crust. The analogy between the inner crust of neutron stars and dipolar supersolids allows to investigate glitches. Employing such analogy, we numerically analyze the vortex trapping mechanism and how the matter density distribution influences glitches. These results pave the way for the quantum simulation of celestial bodies in laboratories.
Repositioning randomly selected Drugs as Antidepressants by computational and Invivo methods
Authors: Naveena Palupanuri. , konda Swathi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Drug repositioning is also known as drug repurposing, drug refilling. Drug repositioning is one of the most preferred field in current research. The drugs with different adverse effect and the drugs which are shelved can be used for the treatment of other diseases. Thus it helps in finding new therapeutic index for already existing drugs. The main advantage of this drug reposioning is it decreases the investment in drug discovery and optimization, and all the pharmacokinetics studies will be readily available as their profiles are already established. In recent times one of the most useful strategies for repositioning the drug of the therapeutic activity towards other new target is done by computational screening. The deeper knowledge about pathogenesis of depression helps us to develop or discover the new drug moieties through drug repositioning to treat the disease condition of depression. In this study we have selected randomly some available drugs and repurposed them as potent anti depressant agents using Insilico and Invivo studies.
Investigating the Effects and Mechanisms of Thermal Vibration Coupled Stress Relief Treatment on Residual Stress in SiC/Al Composites
Authors: Li Bianhong , Ouyang Wu , Chen Shuguang , Gao Hanjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (PRAMCs) often exhibit significant residual stresses after quenching, which can detrimentally impact fatigue life and dimensional stability. Conventional stress relief treatments for aluminum alloys only partially alleviate these residual stresses. In this study, thermal stress relief (TSR), vibratory stress relief (VSR), and thermal-vibratory coupled stress relief (TVSR) treatments were investigated to relieve quenching residual stresses in SiC/Al composites. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of all three treatments in reducing residual stresses, with the greatest stress relief observed in the direction of maximum dynamic stress. Moreover, micro residual stresses obtained from the Macro-micro residual stress finite element (FE) model were analyzed to discuss the variations in stress relief effects. Further optimization of the TVSR process holds promise for effectively mitigating residual stresses in SiC/Al composits.
Atomistic molecular dynamic simulations of polyethylene glycol monododecanoate in water, methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol
Authors: Karinalili Rutheran , Khoiroh Ianatul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Polyethylene glycol monododecanoate (PEGMD) is a widely used nonionic surfactant in the industry and this study aims to examine its physicochemical properties in water and organic solvents namely methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol. Simulations were carried out via GROMACS simulation package. A multitude of tests were carried out to evaluate the dihedral angle distribution, radius of gyration, spatial density function (SDF) and solvent accessible surface areas (SAS) calculation. It was found that gyration radius shows that water has the highest degree of compactness followed by methanol, ethanol, and propanol. Dihedral angle distribution instead shows that PEGMD in water exists in three conformations i.e., gauche-, gauche + and trans states while in organic alcohols only in gauche- and gauche + states, albeit at differing population preferences, with methanol being almost equally distributed, ethanol preferring gauche + and propanol gauche-. SDF maps show an irregular, bean-shaped density distribution covering a single PEGMD molecule while the SAS revealed that surface area available for hydrophobic interaction in all four systems exceed that of hydrophilic systems at a ratio of 3:1. Reasons and explanations for the observations are discussed.
Functional stability of the second mitotic spindle in blastomeres and its association
with multinucleation repair
Authors: Sakaguchi Taichi , Terada Yukihiro , Shirasawa Hiromitsu , Ono Yuki , Takahashi Kazumasa , Goto Mayumi , Okabe Motonari , Ariake Chika , Tuya Akari , Hirakawa Takeo , Iwasawa Takuya , Fujishima Akiko , Onodera Yohei , Sugawara Tae , Makino Kenichi , Miura Hiroshi , Kumazawa Yukiyo , Fukunaga Noritaka , Asada Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

During human embryonic development, early cleavage divisions are prone to errors,
with abnormal division, non-segregation of chromosomes, and multinucleation often
observed during the first mitosis. Some studies suggest that the nuclear status at the 2
cell stage does not affect blastocyst progression or implantation; however, chromosomal
aneuploidy at the blastocyst stage is linked to the nuclear status at the 4-cell stage. We
fluorescently labelled DNA and microtubules in 21 blastomeres of human 2-cell
embryos and used confocal microscopy to study spindle morphology, chromosomal
dynamics, and nuclear status during the second mitosis. We found significantly fewer
multinucleated blastomeres in 4-cell embryos than in 2-cell embryos (22% vs. 56%:
P=0.03). The second mitotic spindles were bipolar in 14 and multipolar in 7 of the 21
blastomeres. Most daughter cells from bipolar spindles were mononuclear. Further, the
second mitotic bipolar spindles showed no defocusing poles. Pre-implantation genetic
testing for aneuploidy analysis showed that multinucleation at the 4-cell stage did not
necessarily reflect aneuploidy at the blastocyst stage. Errors in the first mitosis might be
repaired in the second, suggesting that understanding early mitosis can improve embryo
evaluation methods.
Gross Anatomy Retention Methods and Learning Preferences Amongst Doctor of Chiropractic Students; Dissection Versus Wet Prosection
Authors: Gonzalez-Sola Maryvi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Utilizing cadaveric dissection and wet prosection is essential for student engagement and learning strategies in understanding human gross anatomy at the Doctor of Chiropractic school level. Dissection not only aids in learning anatomy and its clinical correlations but also promotes discipline and critical thinking skills. However, combining dissection with prosections, plastinations, and computer-aided technology is more effective and efficient. This study purpose is to evaluate student preferences and retention efficacy between dissection and prosection methods of students enrolled at a chiropractic school. Survey results from 51 subjects indicated a significant preference for cadaveric dissection (67%) over prosection (53%) and a belief in better retention through dissection (57%) compared to prosection (55%). The findings suggest educational programs should emphasize cadaveric dissection while integrating prosection to cater to diverse learning preferences and enhance anatomical education outcomes.
Short-term imidacloprid exposure in juvenile fish triggers physiological and biochemical responses
Authors: Osazee Erhunmwunse Nosakhare , Pajiah Timeyin James , Ogodo Victory Junior 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The extensive use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides in agriculture is a significant factor contributing to pollution in aquatic systems. Currently, there is no comprehensive data available on the effects of imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids on fish (Clarias gariepinus) biochemical and behavioral parameters. Several biomarkers, as well as mortality, behavioral alterations, and biochemical changes, were assessed to determine the impact of imidacloprid on Clarias gariepinus. The results demonstrated a substantial difference in fish mortality after exposure to imidacloprid (96-h LC50 = 166.60 mg/L) and the fish behavior varied with concentration and time of exposure. A significant difference (p = 0.0140) in mortality was observed in fish exposed to imidacloprid compared to the control. All exposed fish showed noticeable distress symptoms, represented by under-reactivity to stimulus, hypoventilation, gulping, abnormal surface distribution, and poor swimming movement. The GPx activity of control and exposed fish differed noticeably (p<0.05) at 130 mg/L. The alteration of several hepatic biomarkers of fish exposed to imidacloprid observed in this study indicates potential damage to the liver, which is a vital organ responsible for the detoxification and metabolism of xenobiotics. The results from this study could be used as a baseline for future research investigating the long-term effects of imidacloprid exposure on fish and other aquatic organisms
Enhancing Contextual Understanding in Large Language Models with Dynamic Dependency Structures: A Methodological Approach
Authors: Ito Maki , Nishikawa Haruto , Sakamoto Yuna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The sophisticated machine learning models transformed the ability to understand and generate human language, yet challenges remain in maintaining contextual coherence and relevance over extended sequences. Introducing dynamic dependency structures into GPT-Neo represents a significant advancement, enabling real-time adaptation of syntactic relationships based on evolving context, thereby enhancing the model's performance in generating contextually appropriate and coherent text. The integration of a context-aware dependency updater and reinforcement learning techniques has demonstrated substantial improvements in both quantitative metrics such as perplexity and BLEU scores and qualitative human evaluations. This research details the implementation and evaluation of the modified GPT-Neo model, showcasing its superior capabilities in tasks like machine translation and text summarization. The findings highlight the potential of dynamic dependency structures to address the limitations of traditional fixed dependency frameworks, offering a robust methodological advancement for more sophisticated language modeling. By enhancing the ability to capture complex and contextually relevant information, the proposed approach paves the way for the development of more advanced AI systems capable of performing complex language processing tasks with greater accuracy and fluency.
Normal Renal Parenchymal Thickness Values in Ethiopian Adults
Authors: Gebrekidan Messay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to establish renal parenchymal thickness (RPT) values in a normal Ethiopian population using ultrasound.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Ayder Specialized Referral Hospital in Mekelle, Tigray region, Ethiopia, from February to May 2018. A total of 375 adult patients with no history of renal disease were included. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, Pearson correlation, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression to determine RPT values and their relationship with demographic variables.
Results: The mean RPT in males was 15.63 ± 2.63 mm for the right kidney and 16.36 ± 3.45 mm for the left kidney. In females, the mean RPT was 15.54 ± 2.8 mm for the right kidney and 16.6 ± 4.11 mm for the left kidney. The left kidney's mean RPT was significantly higher than the right kidney's. A negative correlation was observed between age and RPT, indicating a decrease in RPT with increasing age. No significant gender differences were found in mean RPT.
Conclusion: This study established baseline RPT values for normal adults in Tigray, Ethiopia, revealing lower RPT values compared to other populations. These findings underscore the importance of localized normative data for accurate renal disease diagnosis and management. Further research is needed to explore the causes and implications of these differences, including early diagnosis of chronic renal disease (CKD).
Preparation and characterization of paromomycin encapsulated in lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles for the topical treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Zamanpour Maryam , Arjmand Reza , Saki Jasem , Bavarsad Neda , Jelowdar Ali 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by the Leishmania protozoa, with Cutaneous
Leishmaniasis (CL) being the most common form of the illness. Paromomycin (PM) has recently
garnered increased interest for its effectiveness against Leishmania, but it is hindered by limited
efficacy, low oral bioavailability, and rapid clearance. As far as we know, there have been no
studies examining the impact of nano lecithin-chitosan-containing paromomycin (Nano-PM) on CL.
Therefore, the objective of the present study was to create Nano-PM and assess its effects on the promastigotes
in vitro and on the lesions caused by Leishmania major in the BALB/c mice model in vivo.

Methods:
The loading of PM into lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles was achieved using the ionic gelation
method, and the resulting nanoparticles were characterized. The IC50 values for PM, Glucantim,
and Nano-PM against promastigotes were determined after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment. The
viability of promastigotes was assessed using the MTT assay. The Nano-PM formulation was administered
intramuscularly to mice for a period of 28 days, during which lesion sizes were measured
weekly. Furthermore, the parasite load in the infected mice was quantified using quantitative realtime
polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Results:
IC50 of Nano-PM was significantly lower than Glucantim (p < 0.0001 after24 h incubation,
p = 0.013 for 48h and p < 0.0001 for 72 h) and PM (p < 0.0001 after24 h, p = 0.003 for 48h and p <
0.0001 for 72h). All concentrations of Nano-PM had the highest toxicity on promastigotes in comparison
with other groups after 24, 48, and 72 h treatment. Moreover, a significant reduction in the
lesion size was found in the Nano-PM group in comparison with the control group after three (p =
0.0369) and four (p = 0.0009) weeks of treatment. More importantly, Nano-PM significantly reduced
the parasite load compared to the control and the lecithin-chitosan groups (p = 0.001 for both).

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that Nano-PM had lower toxicity (lower IC50) on promastigotes
compared to Glucantim and PM. Moreover, Nano-PM treated mice showed reduced lesion size compared
to the control group. Additionally, Nano-PM led to a significant decrease in parasite burden
compared to the control group and the lecithin-chitosan group. Nevertheless, more complementary
research is needed to approve our findings.
Gender-Inclusive Language in Public-Facing Labor and Delivery Web Pages in the New York Tristate Area: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Isaac Sarah Mohsen , Dawes Mark , Howell Emily Ruth , Oladipo Antonia Francis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals are increasingly intentionally becoming pregnant to raise children, and hospital websites should reflect these trends. For prospective TGNB parents, a hospital website is the only way they can assess their safety from discrimination while receiving perinatal care. Cisnormativity enforced by communication gaps between medical institutions and TGNB patients can and has caused delays in receiving urgent care during their pregnancy.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the current prevalence of gender-inclusive terminology among labor and delivery services in the New York tristate area.

Methods
The labor and delivery web pages of 189 hospitals from New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut were examined for gender-inclusive language. “Fully inclusive” websites explicitly acknowledged lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual plus other gender- and sexual-oriented (LGBTQIA+) parents, “inclusive” websites did not use gendered terminology for parents, and “noninclusive” websites used gendered terms at least once in the text reviewed. The hospitals’ web pages were further stratified by Healthcare Equality Index scores and population classifications defined by the 2013 National Center for Health Statistics Urban-Rural classification given to the county that each hospital was located in.

Results
Of the 300 hospital websites reviewed, only 189 websites met the criteria for inclusion. Overall, only 6.3% (n=12) of labor and delivery web pages were “inclusive” or “fully inclusive.” No geographic areas (P=.61) or Healthcare Equality Index scores (P=.81) were associated with inclusive or fully inclusive language.

Conclusions
Hospitals need to use inclusive language to help TGNB people identify hospitals where their existence and needs are acknowledged and thus feel more comfortable in their transition to parenthood.
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TEMPERING TERHADAP ENERGI IMPAK DAN POLA PATAHAN PADA BAJA AISI 1045
Authors: Supriadi Harnowo , Primartin Abbit , Zulhanif Zulhanif , Suudi Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

The study of the effect of low temperature quenching cooling media on the value of toughness and types of fractures in AISI 1045 steel aims to determine the mechanical properties of increasing the value of toughness and ductility in steel. AISI 1045 steel is heated at a temperature of 850°C held for 60 minutes and then quenched quickly to a low temperature. The medium used is water. This tempering process can increase the impact energy. The impac energy value obtained at a temperature of 350°C is 18,33 Joule. Then at a temperature of 450°C it increases by 80 Joule, after that it increases again at a temperature of 550°C which is 121,33 Joule, the value increases higher at a tempering temperature of 650°C by 135,67 Joule. Observation of the type of fault shows that the higher the temperature the more ductile it can be seen from the results of the uneven and fibrous surface. Impact energy is influenced by variations in tempering temperature. When the tempering temperature is increased, the impact energi also increase. Keywords: AISI 1045 Steel, Quenching, Tempering, Impact Energy, Types of Fractures
INVESTIGATING THE EFFICACY OF U-DICTIONARY APP FOR IMPROVING STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY MASTERY
Authors: Fiqri Diqi Ahsanul , Sofiana Nina 
Published: July 2024

The objective of this study is to assess how well the U-Dictionary app enhances the English vocabulary skills of 10th-grade students at SMK Al-Haromain. This research employs a Quasi-Experimental approach, which includes two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The participants in this research were students from class X TKJ assigned to the experimental group, while students from class X TBSM were assigned to the control group. The data collection tool consists of a Pre-test and Post-test, which includes a total of 20 valid multiple choice questions. The researcher utilized the independent sample t-test feature in the SPSS software to verify the accuracy of the hypothesis. The mean post-test value in the experimental class was 87.6, while in the control class it was 72.8, according to the results of the two-tailed independent sample t-test. It can be inferred that the utilization of the U-Dictionary app effectively enhances the vocabulary proficiency of 10th-grade students at SMK Al-Haromain Mayong.