bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting ethnobotanical knowledge in a mestizo community of the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve, Mexico
Authors: Beltrán-Rodríguez Leonardo , Ortiz-Sánchez Amanda , Mariano Nestor A , Maldonado-Almanza Belinda , Reyes-García Victoria 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Background
Worldwide, mestizo communities’s ethnobotanical knowledge has been poorly studied. Based on a mestizo group in Mexico, this study assesses a) the use value (UV) of the local flora, b) gendered differences in plant species, and c) the association between socio-economic variables and ethnobotanical knowledge.

Methods
To assess the degree of knowledge of plant resources, we conducted 41 interviews collecting information on knowledge of local plant resources and the socio-economic situation of the informant. We also collected free listings of useful plants by category of use to identify the UV of each species. With the support of key informants, we photographed and collected the plant material recorded during the interviews and free listings on five different habitats. Paired t-tests and a Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to determine differences in the number of species known by men and women. Differences in distribution were analyzed by means of the Shapiro–Wilk’s W normality tests. To determine the association of socio-economic factors and ethnobotanical knowledge, we used a non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS).

Results
Informants listed 185 species. Medicinal plants constituted the most diverse group (90 species). Tropical deciduous forest is the habitat that concentrates the highest proportion of plant resources (80 species). The use-values were classified into three groups: A (4–6 UV; three species), B (0.35-1.37 UV; 39 species) and C (0–0.29 UV; 143 species). High-quality wood species and those associated to religious ceremonies had the highest UV. Women’s and men’s knowledge of plant species showed statistically significant differences at the interspecific and the intracategorical levels (Student’s test, T15 = 4.8, p < 0.001). Occupation, gender and age were statistically significant associated to ethnobotanical knowledge (p < 0.05), whereas income, education level, and place of origin were not.

Conclusion
This research improves our understanding of the socio-economic activities associated with the intracultural distribution of ethnobotanical knowledge among mestizo Mexican communities. It also provides information on plant resources and habitats and how local peasants value them. This information could help in the development of proposals to improve biocultural conservation and strengthen traditional knowledge systems for effective forest management.
Timing and intensity of changes in FDG uptake with symptomatic esophagitis during radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy
Authors: Yuan Shuanghu Tiger , Brown Richard KJ , Zhao Lujun , Ten Haken Randall K , Gross Milton , Cease Kemp B , Schipper Matt , Stanton Paul , Yu Jinming , Kong Feng-Ming Spring 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Purpose
To study whether esophageal FDG activity changes by time of mid-course of fractionated radiotherapy (RT), and whether these changes are associated with radiation esophagitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods
Fifty patients with stage I-III NSCLC were enrolled prospectively and, all received ≥60 Gy RT. FDG-PET/CT scans were acquired prior to, and during-RT after delivery of 45 Gy. Normalized standardized uptake values (NSUV), defined by the esophageal maximum SUV relative to intravascular background level in the aortic arch, were sampled in the esophagus at the level of the primary tumor, sternal notch, aortic arch, carina, and gastro-esophageal junction. Symptomatic radiation esophagitis was defined as an event.

Results
Compared to baseline, esophageal NSUV increased significantly during-RT at the level of the primary tumor (1.09 ± 0.05 vs.1.28 ± 0.06, p = 0.001), but did not change at other levels in the esophagus. 16 patients had radiation esophagitis events and these patients had significantly higher during-RT to baseline NSUV ratios than those without esophagitis (1.46 ± 0.12, 95% CI 1.20-1.71; vs. 1.11 ± 0.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.21, p = 0.002). Maximum esophageal dose (p = 0.029), concurrent chemotherapy (p = 0.022) and esophageal FDG PET NSUV ratio (during-RT to baseline, p = 0.007), were independent factors associated with esophagitis and area under curves (AUC) were 0.76, 0.70 and 0.78, respectively. Combining esophageal maximum dose and FDG PET NSUV Ratio at the tumor level increased AUC to 0.85 (p = 0.016).

Conclusion
FDG uptake increased in esophagus during-RT and this increase may predict radiation esphagitis during later course of treatment.
Comparative evaluation of open source software for mapping between metabolite identifiers in metabolic network reconstructions: application to Recon 2
Authors: Haraldsdóttir Hulda S , Thiele Ines , Fleming Ronan MT 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
An important step in the reconstruction of a metabolic network is annotation of metabolites. Metabolites are generally annotated with various database or structure based identifiers. Metabolite annotations in metabolic reconstructions may be incorrect or incomplete and thus need to be updated prior to their use. Genome-scale metabolic reconstructions generally include hundreds of metabolites. Manually updating annotations is therefore highly laborious. This prompted us to look for open-source software applications that could facilitate automatic updating of annotations by mapping between available metabolite identifiers. We identified three applications developed for the metabolomics and chemical informatics communities as potential solutions. The applications were MetMask, the Chemical Translation System, and UniChem. The first implements a “metabolite masking” strategy for mapping between identifiers whereas the latter two implement different versions of an InChI based strategy. Here we evaluated the suitability of these applications for the task of mapping between metabolite identifiers in genome-scale metabolic reconstructions. We applied the best suited application to updating identifiers in Recon 2, the latest reconstruction of human metabolism.

Results
All three applications enabled partially automatic updating of metabolite identifiers, but significant manual effort was still required to fully update identifiers. We were able to reduce this manual effort by searching for new identifiers using multiple types of information about metabolites. When multiple types of information were combined, the Chemical Translation System enabled us to update over 3,500 metabolite identifiers in Recon 2. All but approximately 200 identifiers were updated automatically.

Conclusions
We found that an InChI based application such as the Chemical Translation System was better suited to the task of mapping between metabolite identifiers in genome-scale metabolic reconstructions. We identified several features, however, that could be added to such an application in order to tailor it to this task.
To be or not to be a piRNA: genomic origin and processing of piRNAs
Authors: Le Thomas Adrien , Tóth Katalin Fejes , Aravin Alexei A 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPiwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) originate from genomic regions dubbed piRNA clusters. How cluster transcripts are selected for processing into piRNAs is not understood. We discuss evidence for the involvement of chromatin structure and maternally inherited piRNAs in determining their fate.
Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Müller Hermann L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This report is a review of findings on the diagnosis, treatment, clinical course, and prognosis of craniopharyngioma patients. Craniopharyngiomas are rare, partly cystic and calcified embryonic malformations of the sellar/parasellar region with low histological grade (WHO I°). A bimodal age distribution has been shown, with peak incidence rates in childhood-onset at 5–14 years and adult-onset craniopharyngioma at 50–74 years. Clinical manifestations are related to hypothalamic/pituitary deficiencies, visual impairment, and increased intracranial pressure. If the tumor is favorably localized, the therapy of choice is complete resection, with care taken to preserve optical and hypothalamic functions. In patients with unfavorable tumor localization (ie, hypothalamic involvement), recommended therapy is a limited hypothalamus-sparing surgical strategy followed by local irradiation. Although overall survival rates are high (92%), recurrences and progressions are frequent. Irradiation has proven effective in reducing recurrences and progression, and timing of postsurgical irradiation in childhood-onset cases is currently under investigation in a randomized multinational trial (KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2007). Anatomical involvement and/or surgical lesions of posterior hypothalamic areas can result in serious quality of life-compromising sequelae such as hypothalamic obesity, psychopathological symptoms, and/or cognitive problems. It is crucial that craniopharyngioma be managed as a frequently chronic disease, providing ongoing care of pediatric and adult patients' clinical and quality of life consequences by experienced multidisciplinary teams.
Retail Store Density and the Cost of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Cachon Gérard P. 
Published: January 2014

The density, size, and location of stores in a retailer's network influences both the retailer's and the consumers' costs. With stores few and far between, consumers must travel a long distance to shop, whereas shopping trips are shorter with a dense network of stores. The layout of the retail supply chain is of interest to retailers who have emission reduction targets and urban planners concerned with sprawl. Are small local shops preferred over large, “big-box” retailers? A model of the retail supply chain is presented that includes operating costs (such as fuel and rent for floor space) as well as a cost for environmental externalities associated with carbon emissions. A focus on exclusively minimizing operating costs may substantially increase emissions (by 67% in one scenario) relative to the minimum level of emissions. A price on carbon is an ineffective mechanism for reducing emissions. The most attractive option is to improve consumer fuel efficiency—doubling the fuel efficiency of cars reduces long-run emissions by about one-third, whereas an improvement in truck fuel efficiency has a marginal impact on total emissions. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
Gender Interactions Within the Family Firm
Authors: Amore Mario Daniele , Garofalo Orsola , Minichilli Alessandro 
Published: January 2014

We analyze whether gender interactions at the top of the corporate hierarchy affect corporate performance. Using a comprehensive data set of family-controlled firms in Italy, we find that female directors significantly improve the operating profitability of female-led companies. To mitigate endogeneity concerns, we assess executive transitions using a triple-difference approach complemented by propensity score matching and instrumental variables. Finally, we show that the positive effect of female interactions on profitability is reduced when the firm is located in geographic areas characterized by gender prejudices and when the firm is large. This paper was accepted by Brad Barber, finance.
The Judgment of Garbage: End-of-Pipe Treatment and Waste Reduction
Authors: Dutt Nilanjana , King Andrew A. 
Published: January 2014

Many scholars have argued that systems for treating waste impede organizations from preventing waste in the first place. They theorize that end-of-pipe (EOP) treatment diminishes the incentive to avoid creating waste in the production process and obscures the information necessary to devise prevention techniques. This prediction has been widely accepted, influencing both policy and practice, despite both a lack of supporting empirical evidence and the existence of a counterprediction. In this paper, we use data describing U.S. manufacturing establishments from 1991 to 2005 to test the connection between EOP treatment and waste reduction. Our findings show that EOP treatment is associated with an initial jump in reported waste, followed by ongoing reduction. We analyze these results by exploring mechanisms that may drive this relationship. For practitioners, our paper provides critical guidance about strategies for reducing waste. For scholars of environmental management, our paper provides new insight on when facilities accomplish “source reduction” of process waste. For broader management theories of operations and organizational design, our analysis provides new insight on boundary conditions for extrapolation from existing theories. Finally, our paper provides new guidance for the formulation of effective regulatory policy. This paper was accepted by Christian Terwiesch, operations management.
Central-Upwind Scheme for Savage–Hutter Type Model of Submarine Landslides and Generated Tsunami Waves
Authors: Kurganov Alexander , Miller Jason 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.

We develop a new central-upwind scheme for a one-dimensional Savage–Hutter type model of submarine landslides and
generated tsunami waves. Our scheme exactly preserves physically relevant steady-states, preserves positivity of
water depth, is insensitive to choice of discretization of nonconservative products, and properly incorporates
friction inherent in the model. We apply our scheme to a variety of test problems and the numerical results
clearly demonstrate a high accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
Potential pharmacokinetic interactions of therapeutic cytokines or cytokine modulators on small-molecule drugs: mechanistic understanding via studies using in vitro systems
Authors: Zhou Jin , Li Feng 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The potential pharmacokinetic interactions between macromolecules and small-molecule drugs have received more and more attention with the increasing development of macromolecule therapeutics. Studies have shown that cytokines can differentially modulate drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, which raises concerns on the potential interactions of therapeutic cytokines and cytokine modulators on the disposition of small-molecule drugs. Although many in vitro studies have been conducted to characterize the effects of cytokines on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters, these studies were limited to only a handful of cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon. It is also challenging to translate these in vitro results to in vivo. In addition, information on the impact of cytokine modulators on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters is rather limited. More research is needed in this area. The present review is to provide a summary of the in vitro findings on the pharmacokinetic interactions of therapeutic cytokines and cytokine modulators on small-molecule drugs. Discussion on current challenges in assessing these interactions is also included.
Interaction of vitamin K antagonists and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole: ignore at your patient’s risk
Authors: Hale Sarah Fetterman , Lesar Timothy S. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize available literature regarding the interaction between vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole, TMP-SMX), and to provide recommendations for managing patient risk from this interaction. Data sources were English-language publications in the medical literature and Internet databases. Relevant publications that directly or indirectly addressed the VKA-TMP-SMX interaction were selected and reviewed. The mechanism of the VKA-TMP-SMX interaction, frequency of concurrent use, effect on international normalized ratio (INR), increased risk of bleeding, and strategies for risk reduction are summarized. The concurrent use of VKA and TMP/SMX rapidly and consistently raises INR and is associated with a two- to five-fold increase in bleeding. Concurrent use of VKA and TMP-SMX should be avoided when possible. When VKA and TMP-SMX are co-prescribed, VKA dose reduction is usually required. Patient education as well as early and frequent INR monitoring is recommended to reduce risk from this interaction.
Assessment of raloxifene, estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene on thrombin activity
Authors: Surin William R. , Bhalla Hiralal , Kuriakose Gini C. , Singh Man Mohan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Cancer-associated thrombosis is well established in clinical settings, and thrombin has been found to induce angiogenesis at cancer sites. This establishes a link between cardiovascular diseases and cancer, where cancer and thrombin have been intricately associated. Various selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been reported to exhibit anticancer activity. Therefore, we investigated estradiol-17β and SERMs dl-ormeloxifene (centchroman), raloxifene and levormeloxifene (l-centchroman) for their anticancer effects and their effect on thrombin activity.

Methods: Anticancer activity was assessed against PC-3 cell line by flow cytometry following treatment with estradiol-17β and SERMs at 10 nM–1 mM concentrations. The cells were stained with propidium iodide and the percentage of cells in the sub-G0/G1 region was considered apoptotic. Thrombin inhibitory effect was evaluated by thrombin inhibition assay in vitro following incubation with 100 nM–3 mM concentrations of estradiol-17β or various SERMs. Further, the effect of estradiol-17β and SERMs on endogenous thrombin generation potential (ETP) was assessed by thrombin generation assay on rat plasma in vitro.

Results: These compounds exhibited >90% cell death in PC-3 cell lines at 1 mM concentration except estradiol-17β. Neither estradiol-17β, dl-ormeloxifene and levormeloxifene showed any thrombin inhibitory or enhancing activity in thrombin inhibition assay, nor did they show any effect on ETP on rat plasma in vitro. However, raloxifene inhibited thrombin activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Raloxifene decreased ETP of the plasma at 3 and 1 mM,which is equivalent to that of 30–100 U/mL of heparin. Interestingly, raloxifene increased thrombin generation at lower concentrations and it inhibited thrombin generation at higher concentrations.

Conclusions: These observations suggest that dl-ormeloxifene, estradiol-17β and levormeloxifene do not possess thrombin inhibitory activity. Raloxifene possesses thrombin modulatory effect in addition to its anticancer activity, and this observation may help us in understanding the thromboembolic complications associated with raloxifene.
Synthesis of new compounds of the aryloxyaminopropanol type and their HPLC enantioseparation
Authors: R. Čižmáriková , A. Némethy , J. Valentová , K. Hroboňová , K. Adamcová 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This article describes a preparation of some new compounds of the aryloxyaminopropanol type derived from 4-hydroxyphenylpropan- 1-one with phenylamino, cyclohexylamino and isobutylamino group in the hydrophilic part and methoxymethyl or ethoxymethyl substituent in the lipophilic part of the molecule. The purity of the prepared compounds was checked by thinlayer chromatography and the structure was confirmed on the basis of interpretation of the IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. An enantioseparation of the prepared compounds was performed by using high-performance liquid chromatography on an amylase tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralpak AD) and native teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T). The chromatographic results such as retention, separation and resolution factors have shown that Chiralpak AD is more suitable for enantioseparation of some of the prepared compounds.
MALTHUS’S WAR ON POVERTY AS MORAL REFORM
Authors: Cremaschi Sergio 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper aims at finding a way out of deadlocks in Malthus scholarship concerning his relationship to utilitarianism. The main claim is that Malthus viewed his own population theory and political economy as Hifsdisziplinen to moral and political philosophy, that is, empirical enquiries required in order to be able to pronounce justified value judgments on such matters as the Poor Laws. On the other hand, Malthus’s population theory and political economy were no value-free science and his policy advice - far from being ‘utilitarian’ - resulted from his overall system of ideas and was explicitly based on a set of traditional moral assumptions. These in turn were justified by a peculiar meta-ethical theory, which has been named in a somewhat improper way ‘theological utilitarianism’ and which I propose to name instead ‘consequentialist voluntarism’. The theoretical item that has misled interpreters is mention of the ‘test of Utility’ as a way of discovering whether a principle is a moral law or a ‘law of nature’. The point is that for Malthus, the test of utility is just a way for discovering the will of the Creator, and accordingly the laws of nature that he has ‘imposed’ to his creatures. The test is not, unlike Bentham and his followers, a standard for establishing what is right and wrong in itself. The issue of poverty and its remedies is the one where Malthus’s peculiar approach, once applied to a real-world issue, displays it potentialities, yielding a kind of policy-advice that is softer and more flexible than the one that may be drawn from Benthamite utilitarianism. The reconstruction shows how, through subsequent approximations and under pressure of critics, Malthus yields finally a kind of institutional approach to policies concerning poverty, making room for generalised basic education, free markets for labour and (from a certain date on) for corn, colonies, and allowing for a subsidiary role for private beneficence. The goal to be aimed at by such a mix of policies is bringing about “circumstances which tend to elevate the character of the lower classes of society”, so that they will no more accept to deprive “themselves and their children of the means of being respectable, virtuous and happy”.
The flies (Diptera) say that amber from the Gulf of Gdańsk, Bitterfeld and Rovno is the same Baltic amber
Authors: Szwedo Jacek , Sontag Elżbieta 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Amber and its inclusions have been studied for over 200 years. Particular reverence was accorded the amber from the deposits around the Gulf of Gdańsk. As knowledge of amber increased, the problem of distinguishing amber from the various deposits along the Baltic Sea coast, but also in Germany, Belarus and Ukraine arose. Here we discuss the species composition of biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) from amber derived from different deposits, and discuss the use of regional names for Baltic amber yielding inclusions from the same taphocoenosis but of different geographical origin.
In the Eocene, the extant genus Caladomyia occurred in the Palaearctic (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini)
Authors: Zakrzewska Marta , Giłka Wojciech 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
The first fossil representative of Caladomyia SÄWEDAL, 1981, C. szadziewskii sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The genus is so far known from extant species distributed in America, mainly in the Neotropical region.