bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Broadband Diffusion: Applying the REA Model
Authors: Garcia D. Linda , Rosenberg Tarkan 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
How can we achieve the universality goal of the National Broadband Plan? Professor Garcia and Tarkan Rosenberg see this not primarily as a problem of deployment, but of creating demand. An example of how to do this, they say, is the collaboration of the Rural Electrification Administration (REA) and the rural telephone cooperatives, which drove high levels of rural telephone penetration. They suggest how this model could be adapted to work with the National Broadband Plan, and offer some legislative recommendations to support it.
Universal Service in the National Broadband Plan: A Case for Federal-State Cooperation
Authors: Bernt Phyllis 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Professor Bernt's article details how the transition from voice service to broadband under the FCC's National Broadband Plan leaves unresolved many issues regarding the role of the states. She proposes using a new “functional” model in which the role of the states in protecting rural and low-income consumers is maintained.
Diversity by Design
Authors: Helberger Natali 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
How do you get citizens/media consumers to voluntarily choose to expose themselves to diverse content? Is there a role for government in helping people make diverse choices? Professor Helberger addresses these questions by suggesting “diversity by design” as an antidote to the ironic fact that broadband media abundance actually makes it more difficult for users to choose diversely. She presents four conceptualizations of diversity policy: marketplace of ideas (“external diversity”); public sphere (“internal diversity”); personal autonomy (“individual choice”); and random exposure (“serendipity”), and suggests concrete design principles to guide regulators in implementing them. However, she notes, in the end it remains for the user to decide.
Advocacy 2.0: An Analysis of How Advocacy Groups in the United States Perceive and Use Social Media as Tools for Facilitating Civic Engagement and Collective Action
Authors: Obar Jonathan A. , Zube Paul , Lampe Clifford 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCan social media promote civic engagement and collective action? Advocacy organizations think so. Obar, Zube, and Lampe surveyed 169 individuals from 53 advocacy groups of diverse interests and sizes and identified a revealing trend. All groups admitted that they use social media technologies to communicate with citizens almost every day. Respondents also believe that social media enable them to accomplish their advocacy and organizational goals across a range of specified activities. The authors note that the relationship between this and real political and ideological change is still speculative, but suggest that future studies can build on their research.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Information-Centric Networking
Authors: Trossen Dirk , Kostopoulos Alexandros 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Can the Internet be redesigned to reduce future conflicts? The Internet's underlying architecture, Internet Protocol (IP), was introduced in 1974. Since then many ideas have been put forward about how to update and improve it. One branch of these is called “Information-Centric Networking” (ICN). Trossen and Kostopoulos note how ICN could improve the ability of the Internet to resolve conflicts between the various constellations of stakeholder interests, conflicts that they call “tussles.” Introducing a “tussle taxonomy,” they provide examples of how tussles might be resolved differently in ICN. They believe the ICN model would help rationalize pricing in a three-sided market; reduce congestion and transit costs; provide more transparency; offer more choices and possible outcomes with respect to issues such as privacy, intellectual property, and data protection; and better enable not just present but future business models that actors within the system might strive to establish.
Graduated Response In France: The Clash of Copyright and the Internet
Authors: Meyer Trisha 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Does a policy of escalating consequences for alleged copyright infringements decrease such incidents? Meyer looks at French laws passed in 2009 that provide for graduated responses up to suspension of Internet access for asserted illicit behavior. Preliminary results reported in 2011 suggest that these laws do decrease such incidents. However, Meyer argues this debate is not just about copyright, but is also used for leverage in the Internet governance debate to support broader content control. The future of the Internet, she says, should not be determined by one set of online issues that weigh the scales unduly against the open information distribution function of the Internet.
New Tools, Old Goals: Comparing the Role of Technology in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and the 2009 Green Movement
Authors: Rahaghi John 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
What is the role of communications technologies in the success (or failure) of modern revolutions? Mr. Rahaghi offers lessons from a comparison of their use in the 1979 and 2009 popular movements in Iran. Why did one using audiocassettes and pamphlets succeed, but the other using Twitter and Facebook fail? Rahaghi concludes that technology alone is no substitute for structure, leadership, grassroots organizing, and a concrete agenda people can rally behind. Technology cannot replace the fundamentals of organization, but it can help enhance and facilitate them. However, social networking tools could provide a key facilitation component to future social movements given the right circumstances. Recognition of how these communication tools could be incorporated into a larger strategy is what is necessary to achieve overall success.
The Right to Be Forgotten Across the Pond
Authors: Ambrose Meg Leta , Ausloos Jef 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Are you unclear about the European Commission's 2012 draft Data Protection Regulation proposing a qualified “right to be forgotten?” That's not surprising, say Meg Ambrose and Jef Ausloos. Their in-depth analysis finds a bifurcated social and legal history, divergent conceptions of the “right,” and alternative options for implementation. They contrast a right to “oblivion” (full deletion of certain public data) with a “right to erasure” (removal of personal data provided for automated processing) and find them conflated in the “right to be forgotten” in the EU's proposed data regulation. The two should be separated, they argue, with support for the right to erasure while more study is needed on the less clear “right to oblivion.”
Co-Regulation: From Lip-Service to a Genuine Collaboration — The Case of Regulating Broadcast Advertising in Israel
Authors: Ginosar Avshalom 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Is state/private co-regulation of industry better than either state regulation or private self-regulation alone? Clearly yes, answers Mr. Ginosar. Using the overall theoretical framework of the “New Governance,” Ginosar compares the regulation of broadcast advertising in Israel and Britain as both case studies and models, and creates a framework for analysis. Ginosar argues that the shift from hierarchical control to pluralistic control is a more effective and efficient way to serve the public interest.
The Impact of Content Delivery Networks on the Internet Ecosystem
Authors: Palacin Manuel , Oliver Miquel , Infante Jorge , Oechsner Simon , Bikfalvi Alex 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Are Tier 1 ISPs and “hyper-giant” content providers using preferential interconnection agreements to create Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) that allow them to provide an improved Quality of User Experience inconsistent with network neutrality principles? Yes, say the authors, and they recommend that regulators address these possibly oligopolistic and anti-competitive practices. The effects arising from these CDNs, the authors show, are the same as those of regulated traffic prioritization. Using innovative models, original data, and analysis based on the experience of the Internet ecosystem in Spain, the authors conclude that lesser long tail content providers without significant market power are being cannibalized into such CDNs.
Nano-Notice: Privacy Disclosure at a Mobile Scale
Authors: McDonald Aleecia M. , Lowenthal Tom 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
How can meaningful privacy policies best be provided to users of mobile devices with small screens? “Natural language” policies are far too long, according to the authors, so many app developers, particularly the “long tail” of smaller companies and individual developers, are likely to turn to free software services that automatically generate concise privacy policies. This article examines two of those tools, TRUSTe and Privacy Choice, which were used to create privacy policies that were then tested by the authors, with comparative results on formats, users' preferences, types of data collection, and personally identifiable information. The authors conclude with a discussion of policy implications and specific advice for designing such notices.
Nakoming van een vrijwaring in een overnameovereenkomst – show me the money?
Authors: Leedekerken J. 
Published: December 2014

Nakoming van een vrijwaring in een overnameovereenkomst – show me the money?
Dit artikel gaat over vrijwaringen in een overnameovereenkomst. Stil wordt gestaan bij een aantal elementen van een vrijwaring. Wat houdt vrijwaren in? Wie kan de vrijwaring inroepen? Wanneer is een vrijwaringsvordering opeisbaar? Hoe verhoudt de vrijwaring zich tot andere contractsbepalingen? Door beter rekening te houden met dit soort elementen kunnen uitlegdiscussies voorkomen worden.
Chute libre : souvenirs et remarques sur mon travail avec Fausto Romitelli
Authors: Plouvier Jean-Luc 
Published: December 2014

L’auteur, qui a longuement collaboré avec Fausto Romitelli dans le cadre des activités de l’ensemble Ictus, rassemble ses souvenirs et peint un artiste excentrique et inquiet, échauffé contre son époque et impatient d’en découdre. La fonction du rock dans son écriture est analysée comme l’intrusion d’un « corps étranger » qui dénature en profondeur l’espace acoustique. Le son-matière, dont sa génération chantait les sortilèges, est désormais susceptible de tous les renversements : du chatoiement de l’image à l’angoisse d’un réel compact, de la transfiguration radieuse à la chute sans repères. L’élaboration des deux disques consacrés par Ictus au compositeur est détaillée, et l’excitation d’un moment transgressif où il s’agissait de passer un cap : faire entrer la musique contemporaine dans l’ère « post-“Sgt.Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band” » sous le double emblème de la contre-nature romitellienne et de la guitare électrique comme modèle d’un rapport heureux à l’électronique.
Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis
Authors: Ferrari Jill , Pilkington Clarissa 
Published: December 2014

Background
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is an autoinflammatory condition. The lesions are reported to present most frequently in the long bones. This study aimed to review the presenting features of CRMO in a cohort of children diagnosed as having CRMO and to compare the level of agreement between the clinical and published diagnostic criteria.

Methods
A case notes review was undertaken of patients with a clinical diagnosis of CRMO. Patients were younger than 16 years at the time of diagnosis. Features were identified in each patient that agreed or disagreed with the published diagnostic criteria. The location of bone lesions in the lower limb at onset and disease progression was recorded.

Results
A total of 37 patients were included. There was a high prevalence in white individuals. Agreement with the diagnostic criteria of Jansson et al and El-Shanti and Ferguson was poor, with levels of agreement of 40.5% and 43%, respectively, and low kappa scores (κ = 0.07 and 0.09, respectively). The lower limb was affected in 49% of patients at onset and in 72% overall.

Conclusions
This study presents one of the largest published cohorts of pediatric patients with CRMO and also presents racial/ethnic group data that have not previously been reported in other studies. Despite being a condition considered to affect the metaphysis of long bones, the ankle area and foot bones were also frequently affected. The agreement between the clinical diagnosis and the published diagnostic criteria was weak.
Forefoot Varus Predicts Subtalar Hyperpronation in Young People
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Scattone , Ferreira Ana Luisa G. , Veronese Lívia M. , Serrão Fábio V. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundSubtalar joint hyperpronation is a foot misalignment that has been associated with several musculoskeletal injuries. Forefoot varus is thought to result in subtalar hyperpronation during weightbearing circumstances. However, few studies have aimed to verify whether there is a significant relationship between forefoot alignment and subtalar hyperpronation. Moreover, no study has attempted to verify whether forefoot varus can predict subtalar hyperpronation in young individuals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to verify whether forefoot varus can predict subtalar hyperpronation, measured using the rearfoot eversion angle test, the navicular drop test, and the Foot Posture Index (FPI), in young people.MethodsFifty-four healthy adolescents volunteered for this study (28 boys and 26 girls). A single examiner evaluated the forefoot angle, rearfoot angle, navicular drop, and FPI of each participant. Statistical analysis included the Pearson correlation test and a linear regression analysis to establish the relationship between the variables.ResultsThese results showed a high positive correlation between forefoot varus and rearfoot angle (r = 0.86; P &lt; .001), navicular drop (r = 0.76; P &lt; .001), and FPI (r = 0.82; P &lt; .001). Moreover, the forefoot varus variable was able to predict 74% of the variability in the rearfoot angle, 58% in the navicular drop, and 67% in the FPI (P &lt; .001).ConclusionsThese findings support previous assumptions that individuals with forefoot varus present subtalar hyperpronation. Clinicians should not overlook forefoot alignment when prescribing foot orthoses for treating patients with foot misalignments.
Between-Day Reliability of a Cluster-Based Method for Multisegment Kinematic Analysis of the Foot-Ankle Complex
Authors: Souza Thales R. , Fonseca Haroldo L. , Vaz Ana Carolina A. , Antero Juliana S. , Marinho Cristiano S. , Fonseca Sérgio T. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDetailed description of foot pronation-supination requires multisegment evaluation of the kinematics of the foot-ankle complex. There are noninvasive methods with independent (single) tracking markers attached directly to the skin. However, these methods are inconsistent with the usual rigid segments assumption. In contrast, using clustered markers is compatible with this assumption and is necessary for analyses that need tracking markers to be distant from the foot (eg, shod walking). This study investigated the between-day reliability of a cluster-based method for multisegment analysis of foot-ankle angles related to pronation-supination.MethodsTen healthy adults participated in the study. An anatomically based, three-dimensional model comprising the shank, calcaneus, and forefoot was created. Rigid clusters of tracking markers were used to determine the relative positions and motions of the segments. Mean positions were measured with the subtalar joint in neutral position during standing. Furthermore, mean angles, peaks, and timings of peaks were measured during the stance phase of walking. All of the variables were measured twice, with a 1-week interval. To evaluate reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for discrete variables and coefficients of multiple correlation for entire gait curves.ResultsIntraclass correlation coefficients varied from 0.8 to 0.93 for the angles obtained when the subtalar joint was in neutral and from 0.76 to 0.9 for walking variables. Coefficients of multiple correlation varied from 0.93 to 0.97 for walking curves.ConclusionsThe method described has good to high reliability and provides a systematic method for multisegment kinematic evaluation of foot-ankle pronation-supination.
Effects of Off-the-Shelf Foot Orthoses on Plantar Foot Pressures in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Santos Derek , Cameron-Fiddes Vicki 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) often affects feet with progressive pathologic changes to foot morphology and pressure distribution. Studies in RA suggest that reductions in forefoot peak pressures can reduce pain. We investigated the effects of off-the-shelf foot orthoses on plantar foot pressures in patients with early RA.MethodsThirty-five patients with early RA were recorded walking. Variables measured were forefoot peak plantar pressure (PPPft), forefoot pressure-time integral (PTIft), and hallux and lesser toe and midfoot contact areas. Patients were analyzed while walking barefoot, with shoes, and with shoes and foot orthoses. Measurements were taken at baseline and at 3 and 6 months.ResultsThere were significantly increased PPPft values between barefoot and shod and between barefoot and orthoses (P &lt; .01). However, there was a significant reduction in PPPft during the 6 months with orthoses compared with shoes only (P &lt; .01). Foot orthoses significantly reduced PTIft over 6 months (P &lt; .01). Results also demonstrated a significant increase in hallux and lesser toe (P &lt; .01) and midfoot (P &lt; .01) contact areas during the 6 months with foot orthoses.ConclusionsIn patients with early RA, off-the-shelf foot orthoses cause a significant reduction of 22% in PPPft and 14% in PTIft as soon as insoles are worn compared with shod. Further reductions for orthoses compared with baseline were found by 3 months (15% in PPPft and 14% in PTIft) and 6 months (33% in PPPft and 33% in PTIft). These findings could contribute to reductions in foot pain.
Localized thermosphere ionization events during the high‐speed stream interval of 29 April to 5 May 2011
Authors: Verkhoglyadova O. P. , Mannucci A. J. , Tsurutani B. T. , Mlynczak M. G. , Hunt L. A. , Redmon R. J. , Green J. C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe analyze localized ionospheric‐thermospheric (IT) events in response to external driving by a high‐speed stream (HSS) during the ascending phase of the Solar Cycle 24. The HSS event occurred from ~ 29 April to 5 May, 2011. The HSS itself (and not the associated corotating interaction region) caused a moderate geomagnetic storm with peak SYM‐H = −55 nT and prolonged auroral activity. We analyze TIMED (Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics)/SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) measurements of nitric oxide (NO) cooling emission during the interval as a measure of thermospheric response to auroral heating. We identify several local cooling emission (LCE) events in high to subauroral latitudes. Individual cooling emission profiles during these LCE events are enhanced at ionospheric E layer altitudes. For the first time, we present electron density profiles in the vicinity of the LCE events using collocated COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate) radio occultation (RO) measurements. Measurements at local nighttime show the formation of an enhanced E layer (about 2.5 times increase over the undisturbed value) at ≥100 km altitude. Daytime electron density profiles show relatively smaller enhancements in the E layer. We suggest that the IT response is due to additional ionization caused by medium energy electron (>10 keV) precipitation into the subauroral to high‐latitude atmosphere associated with geomagnetic activity during the HSS event.
An optimal XBT‐based monitoring system for the South Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 34°S
Authors: Goes Marlos , Goni Gustavo , Dong Shenfu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe South Atlantic is an important pathway for the interbasin exchanges of heat and freshwater with strong influence on the global meridional overturning stability and variability. Along the 34°S parallel, a quarterly, high‐resolution XBT transect (AX18) samples the temperature structure in the upper ocean. The AX18 transect has been shown to be a useful component of a meridional overturning monitoring system of the region. However, a feasible, cost‐effective design for an XBT‐based system has not yet been developed. Here we use a high‐resolution ocean assimilation product to simulate an XBT‐based observational system across the South Atlantic. The sensitivity of the meridional heat transport, meridional overturning circulation, and geostrophic velocities to key observational and methodological assumptions is studied. Key assumptions taken into account are horizontal and temporal sampling of the transect, salinity, and deep temperature inference, as well as the level of reference for geostrophic velocities. With the current sampling strategy, the largest errors in the meridional overturning and heat transport estimations are the reference (barotropic) velocity and the western boundary resolution. We show how altimetry can be used along with hydrography to resolve the barotropic component of the flow. We use the results obtained by the state estimation under observational assumptions to make recommendations for potential improvements in the AX18 transect implementation.
The influence of weather on migraine – are migraine attacks predictable?
Authors: Hoffmann Jan , Schirra Tonio , Lo Hendra , Neeb Lars , Reuter Uwe , Martus Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed at elucidating a potential correlation between specific meteorological variables and the prevalence and intensity of migraine attacks as well as exploring a potential individual predictability of a migraine attack based on meteorological variables and their changes.MethodsAttack prevalence and intensity of 100 migraineurs were correlated with atmospheric pressure, relative air humidity, and ambient temperature in 4‐h intervals over 12 consecutive months. For each correlation, meteorological parameters at the time of the migraine attack as well as their variation within the preceding 24 h were analyzed. For migraineurs showing a positive correlation, logistic regression analysis was used to assess the predictability of a migraine attack based on meteorological information.ResultsIn a subgroup of migraineurs, a significant weather sensitivity could be observed. In contrast, pooled analysis of all patients did not reveal a significant association. An individual prediction of a migraine attack based on meteorological data was not possible, mainly as a result of the small prevalence of attacks.InterpretationThe results suggest that only a subgroup of migraineurs is sensitive to specific weather conditions. Our findings may provide an explanation as to why previous studies, which commonly rely on a pooled analysis, show inconclusive results. The lack of individual attack predictability indicates that the use of preventive measures based on meteorological conditions is not feasible.