bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidative responses to seasonal changes and chemiluminescence assay of Astragalus onobrychis leaves extract
Authors: Miladinović Dragoljub , Ilić Budimir , Najman Stevo , Cvetković Olga , Šajnović Aleksandra , Miladinović Marija , Nikolić Nikola 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The aim of this study was to research the seasonal changes of antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity in leaves of Astragalus onobrychis L. subsp. chlorocarpus (Griseb.) S. Kozuharov et D.K. Pavlova. Leaves of A. onobrychis were collected during the different stages of growth and analyzed for antioxidant enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase. Quantities of malonyldialdehyde, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals were measured as well as the content of soluble proteins. Furthermore, total antioxidant capacity was determined by the inhibition of chemiluminescence activity of blood phagocytes by leaf extracts. Stages of vegetation significantly affected the accumulation of superoxide radicals, but there were no significant differences in hydroxyl radical quantity and lipid peroxidation levels during vegetation. Soluble proteins vary greatly between different stages of growth. Seasonal changes were found to have an effect on enzymatic activities. During the spring season, guaiacol peroxidase showed the highest levels. Catalase and glutathione peroxidase increased their activities in summer, while, during the autumn season, superoxide dismutase showed maximum activity. On the basis of chemiluminescence assay, it can be concluded that leaf extract of A. onobrychis possesses a significant antioxidant capacity thus protecting plants during environmental stress.
Victor Hugo, la créativité libérée
Authors: Barbet-Massin Arnaud 
Published: November 2012

Les dessins de Victor Hugo sont une source inépuisable pour qui veut approcher sa créativité et comprendre son cheminement. « Il fut peintre avant d’être écrivain », affirmait Théophile Gautier, le premier à relever que la sensibilité de Victor Hugo était d’abord visuelle. Feuilleter certains de ses dessins les plus connus permet de comprendre comment sa plume puise dans cette sensibilité pour d’incessants va-et-vient entre le verbe et l’image. Le moment clef survient en 1856 avec les Dessins Fantasques qui révèlent la crise identitaire de Victor Hugo. En s’appuyant sur les travaux de Marion Milner, l’auteur tente de comprendre la recherche identitaire de Hugo et d’éclairer ainsi le jaillissement créatif, sans négliger la fusion, à plus d’un titre exceptionnelle, entre l’écrit et le dessin que recèle Les Travailleurs de la Mer .
Qatar : une voie singulière
Authors: Abidi Hasni 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Comment expliquer qu’un pays peuplé d’un million d’habitants, dont seulement 180 000 Qataris, ose ainsi défier ses voisins les plus puissants et forcer le respect de ses amis et de ses ennemis ? Seul pays wahhabite en dehors de l’Arabie Saoudite, le Qatar a tenu, au lendemain du coup d’État de 1995, à marquer sa différence par rapport à Riyad et à ses voisins et à se démarquer de la politique conduite par l’ancien émir. Tout en étant conscient de ses limites face à l’imposant voisin saoudien et iranien, le Qatar s’accommode habilement de cette géopolitique défavorable. Ambitieux et audacieux, le jeune prince Hamad a choisi de prendre le pouvoir vite et changer le destin de son pays.
La politique étrangère du Qatar : de l'intermédiation à l'engagement
Authors: Mongrenier Jean-Sylvestre 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le caractère spectaculaire des investissements extérieurs du Qatar et la « diplomatie du tapis volant » tendent à occulter les lignes de force de sa politique étrangère. À l’abri du « parapluie » américain, l’émirat du Qatar constitue l’élément agile du Conseil de coopération du Golfe. Il entend jouer un rôle moteur dans un monde arabe sunnite en cours de recomposition. En toile de fond, l’opposition entre régimes arabes sunnites et Iran chiite. Le Qatar ne pourra jouer cette partie sans le renforcement des solidarités entre pays du Golfe.
Le Qatar : un paradoxe géopolitique et une anomalie géoéconomique
Authors: Rigoulet-Roze David 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le Qatar apparaît à bien des égards comme un point d’interrogation. Émirat indépendant depuis 1971, cet État se présente comme un « nain » géographique mais dévoré d’ambitions géopolitiques et disposant d’une manne financière qui lui donne les moyens de ses prétentions. Depuis quelques années, il fait montre d’une suractivité diplomatique. Voire davantage, comme dans le cas de l’« affaire libyenne » dans laquelle une participation directe de Doha pour le renversement du régime de Kadhafi est désormais avérée, ainsi que dans l’« affaire syrienne » à cette même participation pour favoriser la chute du régime de Bachar al-Assad est en passe de l’être. Comment expliquer alors ce positionnement stratégique inédit au regard de la place demeurée longtemps modeste du Qatar ? Le Qatar constitue en réalité une sorte de paradoxe géopolitique autant qu’une anomalie géoéconomique.
Influence of physical and chemical properties on the low‐frequency complex conductivity of peat
Authors: Ponziani M. , Slob E.C. , Vanhala H. , Ngan‐Tillard D.J.M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTOrganic layers are heterogeneous in space and their composition changes over time. This poses challenges to ecohydrologists, subsurface hydrologists and ground engineers in characterizing subsurface peat structures and predicting their behaviour over time. Peat deposits can be characterized by performing electrical surveys, provided that the complex conductivity of peat is understood and connected to its physical and chemical properties. Low‐frequency (0.1–1000 Hz) induced polarization measurements were carried out to investigate the correlation between the chemical and physical properties of several peat samples and their electrical properties. A Cole‐Cole model was fit to the peat spectra to obtain the model parameters and study their relationship with the sample properties. All the samples were characterized by analysing their degree of humification, water content, organic content, cation exchange capacity, pH and conductivity of the pore‐fluid. Two significant correlations between physical, chemical and electrical properties are found. The peat bulk conductivity is directly correlated with the pore fluid conductivity, whereas the degree of humification of peat shows an inverse correlation with the phase angle. This study presents results that have implications for peatland characterization with frequency dependent or single frequency analysis of induced polarization measurements.
Effect of antenna‐medium coupling in the analysis of ground‐penetrating radar data
Authors: Lambot Sébastien , André Frédéric , Slob Evert , Vereecken Harry 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTPhysically‐based ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) data processing is essential for quantitative characterization of soils and materials. A novel near‐field GPR antenna model coupled with layered media Green's functions was used to investigate the effect of antenna‐medium coupling in the analysis of GPR data. The radar antennas are modelled using an equivalent set of infinitesimal electric dipoles and characteristic, frequency‐dependent, global reflection and transmission coefficients. These coefficients determine through plane wave decomposition, wave propagation between the radar reference plane, point sources and field points. We calibrated an actual commercial 400 MHz time‐domain antenna, from which synthetic GPR data sets were generated. We observed that, depending on the model configuration, antenna effects may affect the topography of the objective function in full‐waveform inverse problems. In addition, antenna‐medium coupling has a significant impact on the medium surface reflection, whether in terms of amplitude or propagation time (which usually defines the so‐called time zero). We also showed that an effective source cannot be used for simulating near‐field radar data as the antenna‐medium coupling strongly depends on medium properties. In this respect, numerical experiments demonstrated promising perspectives for simultaneous estimates of medium permittivity and conductivity from antenna‐medium coupling.
Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study
Authors: Bolay Sukran , Cakir Filiz Yalcin , Gurgan Sevil 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface roughness and hardness of both unbleached and bleached (opalescence; 10% carbamide peroxide) human enamel brushed with water (without dentifrice), fluoride abrasive dentifrice (Colgate Total) and whitening dentifrice (Natural White).

Materials and methods
Human enamel samples were obtained from third molars and randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): G1—Control (brushed with water without dentifrice), G2—Colgate Total (fluoride abrasive dentifrice), G3—Natural White (whitening dentifrice), G4—Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Colgate Total, G5— Opalescence (10% carbamide peroxide) and then brushed with Natural White. Bleaching regimen was applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. The brushing process was performed with a modified Nyffenegger's brushing machine. Surface roughness was analyzed with a profilometer. Microhardness testing was performed with a Brinell hardness tester.

Results
Results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis, one-way ANOVA analysis and Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks tests. There were significant differences in surface roughness values for all groups, which showed an increase in roughness (p < 0.05). When the bleaching treatment combined with brushing with whitening dentifrice was performed (G5), there was a significant decrease in hardness values (p < 0.05). The other groups (G1, G2, G3, G4) showed no significant hardness differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
It was concluded that toothbrushing procedures increased the enamel surface roughness, and that bleaching regimen performed with cleaning treatment, through brushing with whitening dentifrice decreased hardness values.

Clinical significance
When applied together, bleaching and cleaning treatments may alter the enamel surface roughness and hardness values.

How to cite this article
Bolay S, Cakir FY, Gurgan S. Effects of Toothbrushing with Fluoride Abrasive and Whitening Dentifrices on Both Unbleached and Bleached Human Enamel Surface in Terms of Roughness and Hardness: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):584-589.
Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs
Authors: Roopashri G , Vaishali MR , David Maria Priscilla , Baig Muqeet , Shankar Uma 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe elongated styloid process may produce characteristic head and neck pain syndromes, commonly known as Eagle's syndrome. An awareness of this syndrome is important to all health practitioners involved in the diagnosis and treatment of neck and head pain. It has been estimated that 2 to 28% of the general adult population has radiographic appearance of elongated styloid process.The objective of the study was to assess the elongation of styloid process on digital panoramic radiographs and to evaluate the prevalence of elongation according to age, sex and types.ResultsElongated styloid process was seen in 107 subjects out of 300 patients who were aged between 10 and 70 years old. Our study revealed that as age increased elongation of styloid process increased with female predominance. Type 1 elongation was most common than the other types of elongation. We also found that left styloids were elongated than the right with bilateral elongation.ConclusionPanoramic radiographs can show a correct picture of elongated styloid process which can confirm the diagnosis and can thus help avoid misinterpretation of the symptoms as tonsillar pain or pain of dental, pharyngeal or muscular origin and hence panoramic radiography is economical and the best imaging modality to view the elongation of styloid process.How to cite this articleRoopashri G, Vaishali MR, David MP, Baig M, Shankar U. Evaluation of Elongated Styloid Process on Digital Panoramic Radiographs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):618-622.
Comparison of Microleakage of Composite Restorations using Fifth and Sixth Generation Dentin Bonding Agent: An in vivo Study
Authors: Samimi Pooran , Barekatain Mehrdad , Alaei Samaneh 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The success of bonded restorations depends on effective bonding between restorative materials and tooth structure, and it prevents microleakage. New dentin bonding systems have been introduced which promotes this concept. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of microleakage between ‘single bond’ vs ‘Prompt L-Pop’ during different time periods.

Materials and methods
In this clinical trial study, 60 nonretentive class five cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of human premolars which were scheduled to be removed for orthodontic purposes. The cavities were restored using two different bonding agents; fifth generation (Single Bond) and sixth generation (Prompt L-Pop) and then filled with resin composite (Filtek Z-250). The samples in both groups were extracted after placing the restoration in three periods of time: Immediately, 1 week and 6 months postplacement. Specimens were sealed with two layers of nail varnish except for 1 mm around restoration and immersed in a silver nitrate solution for 24 hours. The teeth were then sectioned longitudinally and the degree of microleakage was determined by stereomicroscope based on standard usual criteria.

Results
Single bond showed more leakage at dentin margin than enamel margin in all three extraction periods and differences were significant among three groups (p < 0.05). In samples which were restored with Prompt L-Pop only in groups of 6 months there were significant differences between enamel and dentin margins. At enamel margin there were no significant differences between microleakage of groups according to the passage of time (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
The results of this study using two different bonding systems, indicate that adhesion to enamel was more valuable than dentin and perhaps systems that include self-etching primers are less sensitive to remaining moisture on dentin and they are less affected during different time periods.

How to cite this article
Samimi P, Barekatain M, Alaei S. Comparison of Microleakage of Composite Restorations using Fifth and Sixth Generation Dentin Bonding Agent: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):632-636.
Anterior Restorations in Bleached Teeth: Difficulty Establishing the Color after Bleaching
Authors: Santezi Carolina , Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Presoto Cristina Dupim , Jassé Fernanda Ferreira , de Oliveira Júnior Osmir Batista , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , de Toledo Leonardo Renato 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTIt is becoming more common for patients to look for cosmetic procedures in dental offices. The search for lost or desired esthetics by patients is increasingly frequent and the professional must be able to meet this demand. To do this, dentists not only need to return the tooth back to its normal functioning state but also promote esthetic excellence. In this context, the association of cosmetic procedures, such as teeth whitening and restorative procedures, such as direct adhesive restorations is very common. The composite resins employed nowadays allow the reproduction of various optical properties of natural teeth. With these composite resins, it is possible to reproduce features such as translucency, opacity and specific features of the dental element, to bring back the esthetic harmony of the smile. This article reports a clinical case demonstrating the placement, in a stratified manner, of composite resins in bleached teeth, as well as the reproduction of optical and natural aspects of the teeth. In order to achieve esthetic and functional success of the restored procedure, it is important to be familiar with the new techniques and new materials in the market and above all, we must know when and where to use them.How to cite this articleSantezi C, Tonetto MR, Presoto CD, Jassé FF, de Oliveira OB Junior, de Andrade MF, de Toledo Leonardo R. Anterior Restorations in Bleached Teeth: Difficulty Establishing the Color after Bleaching. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(5):735-739.
Characterization of the rescued “Voghera” sweet pepper landrace grown in northern Italy
Authors: Cavagna P. , Camerini G. , Fibiani M. , Andreani L. , Cella R. , Concia L. , Lo Scalzo R. 
Published: November 2012

A traditional Italian sweet pepper landrace, ‘Peperone di Voghera’, which faced the risk of extinction, was analyzed for its genetic, phenological, morphological, agronomic and biochemical traits. An extant population was compared with cultivars ‘Quadrato d’Asti’, ‘Cuneo’, and ‘Giallo d’Asti’, cultivated in the same area, in order to evaluate the chance of the landrace recovery. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis demonstrated that Voghera landrace is distinct with respect to reference cultivars, thus excluding extensive genetic contamination and providing a molecular basis of both phenological and biochemical differences. Leaf chlorophyll content is lower, fruits start ripening earlier than controls, and yield (1100-1300 g plant-1) does not significantly differ. Sensitivity to root pathogens, the main factor that led to the decline in the past, does not seem to compromise the future chance of recovery. Vitamin C concentration is high (200-240 mg/100 g) and preserved by cold storage; more than 25% of vitamin C is also kept in pickled fruits. ‘Voghera’ landrace has nutritional and gastronomic properties that can be appreciated by consumers. The high internal genetic variability shown by AFLP analysis indicates that future selection work is necessary to fully maintain the original traits of the landrace and to improve it.
Two Cases of Cokeromyces recurvatus in Liquid-Based Papanicolaou Tests and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Odronic Shelley I. , Scheidemantel Thomas , Tuohy Marion J. , Chute Deborah , Procop Gary W. , Booth Christine N. 
Published: November 2012

We present 2 cases of Cokeromyces recurvatus in routine, liquid-based Papanicolaou tests (ThinPrep). Patient 1 is a healthy, asymptomatic, 26-year-old woman with no pertinent past medical history. Patient 2 is a healthy, asymptomatic, 47-year-old woman with no pertinent past medical history. The Papanicolaou tests from both patients showed many fungal-like elements as globose, yeastlike forms measuring 10 to 30 µm in diameter with multiple, narrowly attached apparent “daughter” buds. This morphology was consistent with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. However, broad-range fungal polymerase chain reaction and deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis performed with GenBank Basic Local Alignment Search Tool showed an exact match for C recurvatus. Our cases highlight the importance of molecular techniques to prevent misdiagnosis of C recurvatus as P brasiliensis, based on morphology alone. There have been 8 previously published cases of C recurvatus infection in humans, 3 of which were reported in the female genital tract.
Antisense Molecular Therapy in Cerebral Gliomas
Authors: Maria Caffo  , Maria Angela Pino  , Gerardo Caruso  , Francesco Tomasello  
Published: November 2012

Despite innovative therapeutic strategies, the expectative of life in patients affected by cerebral gliomas remain dismal. Malignant gliomas represent a class of infiltrative and aggressive neoplasms that are generally resistant to multimodal approach. The efficacy of classical anti-cancer strategies is seriously limited by lack of specific therapies against malignant cells.Glial tumors seem to be able to create a favorable environment for the invasion of glioma cells in cerebral parenchyma when they combine with the extracellular matrix via cell surface receptors. Recent advances in molecular and tumor biology have lead to a new class of modern antitumoral agents. Antisense oligonucleotides are synthetic stretches of DNA which hybridize with specific mRNA strands. The specificity of hybridization makes antisense method an interesting strategy to selectively modulate the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. In this review, molecular targets, clinical and experimental studies about the use of antisense oligonucleotides in cerebral gliomas treatment are reported.
Cognitive Load Theory: New Directions and Challenges
Authors: Ayres Paul , Paas Fred 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThis special issue on cognitive load theory is a collection of eight papers that report either on contemporary challenges to the theory that may lead to new research directions or on new research directions that pose new challenges to the theory. The contemporary challenges relate to the timing and frequency of cognitive load measurement, the design of instructional animations, and the use of eye tracking to uncover learners' cognitive processes. The new research directions relate to fostering learning by directing novices to use primary knowledge, instructing novices to self‐manage their cognitive load, and considering learners' affective responses to different configurations of simple and complex tasks. We hope that the findings of these studies will instigate other researchers to pursue new research directions and meet its challenges. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for revision of primary total hip replacement: Results from a national case–control study
Authors: Wright Elizabeth A. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Baron John A. , Wright R. John , Malchau Henrik , Mahomed Nizar , Prokopetz Julian J. Z. , Losina Elena 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo study the risk factors for revision of primary total hip replacement (THR) in a US population‐based sample.MethodsUsing Medicare claims, we identified beneficiaries from 29 US states who underwent primary THR between July 1, 1995 and June 30, 1996, with followup through December 31, 2008. Potential cases had International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes indicating a revision THR. Each case was matched by state with 1 control THR recipient who was alive and unrevised when the case had a revision THR. We abstracted hospital records to document potential risk factors. We examined the associations between preoperative factors and revision risk using multivariate conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis data set contained 719 of 836 case–control pairs with complete data for analysis variables. The factors associated with higher revision odds in multivariate models were age ≤75 years at primary surgery (odds ratio [OR] 1.52 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.20–1.92]), height in the highest tertile (OR 1.40 [95% CI 1.06–1.85]), weight in the highest tertile (OR 1.66 [95% CI 1.24–2.22]), cemented femoral component (OR 1.44 [95% CI 1.10–1.87]), prior contralateral primary THR (OR 1.36 [95% CI 1.05–1.76]), other prior orthopedic surgery (OR 1.45 [95% CI 1.13–1.84]), and living with others (versus alone; OR 1.26 [95% CI 0.99–1.61]).ConclusionThis first US population‐based case–control study of risk factors for revision of primary THR showed that younger, taller, and heavier patients and those receiving a cemented femoral component had a greater likelihood of undergoing a revision THR over a 12‐year followup period. Effects of age and body size on revision risk should be addressed by clinicians with patients considering primary THR.