bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electrolyte pH on the Inherent Electrochemistry of Layered Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2)
Authors: Zafir Mohamad Nasir Muhammad , Sofer Zdeněk , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe set forth to investigate the changes in the inherent oxidative peaks of different transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), namely MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, at different electrolyte pH values. Changing the pH of the electrolyte was found to influence and affect the inherent oxidation of TMDs, more noticeably the peak position. This could be attributed to the different reaction mechanisms and stability at the different pH values. An increase in the electrolyte pH from 0 to 8 shows a linear decrease in the peak potentials of the inherent oxidative peaks. However, small changes in peak potentials were observed at low alkaline pH levels (from 8 to 11). Beyond pH 11, the emergence of an additional peak at low potentials, apart from the inherent oxidative peak, was observed for most of the TMD materials studied. This insight into the pH dependence of the oxidation of TMD materials is of paramount importance for their electrochemical applications.
A Renewable Display Platform Based on the Bipolar Electrochromic Electrode
Authors: Zhang Xiaowei , Shang Changshuai , Gu Wenlin , Xia Yong , Li Jing , Wang Erkang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe report a renewable display platform based on bipolar electrochemistry that uses bipolar electrochromic electrode (BP‐EC‐E) arrays for high‐throughput screening applications. Prussian blue (or another electrochromic material) is electrodeposited on one end of the bipolar electrode (BPE) as the signal reporter, and the other end is for the loading of catalyst. Owing to the quantitative relation between the two reactions occurring at both ends of the BP‐EC‐E, the discoloration speeds (Prussian blue to Prussian white) are related to the amount or the catalytic activity of the catalysts. Interestingly, the established platform can be used repeatedly, owing to the reversibility of the electrochromic reactions. With this strategy, we have achieved the fast imaging analysis of several electrocatalysts for methanol and ethanol oxidation.
Decoration of Hydrophobic Graphene Nanosheets with Iron Phosphate Based Materials in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Kyung , Jegal Jong‐Pil , Kim Myeong Seong , Roh Kwang Chul , Kim Kwang‐Bum 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe surfaces of hydrophobic graphene nanosheets (GNs) are successfully decorated, aided by urea, with FePO4‐based materials in an aqueous solution. The hydrophobic GNs can easily disperse in the aqueous solution without functionalization in the presence of urea, leading to the formation of a GNs‐based nanocomposite with minimal sacrifice of the electrical conductivity of the GNs. Compared with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with FePO4⋅H2O (FePO4⋅H2O/rGO), synthesized using a graphene oxide (GO) substrate, the resulting FePO4⋅H2O/GNs nanocomposite exhibit superior rate performance, because the GNs have a higher C/O ratio than the rGO. In addition, LiFePO4/GNs with high coulombic efficiency and energy efficiency, prepared using FePO4⋅H2O/GNs, deliver a discharge capacity of 62 mAh g−1 at 120 C rate. Furthermore, a full cell consisting of LiFePO4/GNs and Li4Ti5O12/graphene exhibits excellent rate performance up to 60 C rate.
Difluorenyl carbo‐Benzenes: Synthesis, Electronic Structure, and Two‐Photon Absorption Properties of Hydrocarbon Quadrupolar Chromophores
Authors: Baglai Iaroslav , de Anda‐Villa Manuel , Barba‐Barba Rodrigo M. , Poidevin Corentin , Ramos‐Ortíz Gabriel , Maraval Valérie , Lepetit Christine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Maldonado José‐Luis , Chauvin Remi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe synthesis, crystal and electronic structures, and one‐ and two‐photon absorption properties of two quadrupolar fluorenyl‐substituted tetraphenyl carbo‐benzenes are described. These all‐hydrocarbon chromophores, differing in the nature of the linkers between the fluorenyl substituents and the carbo‐benzene core (CC bonds for 3 a, CCCC expanders for 3 b), exhibit quasi–superimposable one‐photon absorption (1PA) spectra but different two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐sections σ2PA. Z‐scan measurements (under NIR femtosecond excitation) indeed showed that the CC expansion results in an approximately twofold increase in the σ2PA value, from 336 to 656 GM (1 GM=10−50 cm4 s molecule−1 photon−1) at λ=800 nm. The first excited states of Au and Ag symmetry accounting for 1PA and 2PA, respectively, were calculated at the TDDFT level of theory and used for sum‐over‐state estimations of σ2PA(λi), in which λi=2 hc/Ei, h is Planck’s constant, c is the speed of light, and Ei is the energy of the 2PA‐allowed transition. The calculated σ2PA values of 227 GM at 687 nm for 3 a and 349 GM at 708 nm for 3 b are in agreement with the Z‐scan results.
Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transition in an Enantiopure [7]Helquat Salt: The First Observation of a Reversible Phase Transition in a Helicene‐Like Compound
Authors: Nath Naba K. , Severa Lukáš , Kunetskiy Roman A. , Císařová Ivana , Fulem Michal , Růžička Květoslav , Koval Dušan , Kašička Václav , Teplý Filip , Naumov Panče 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHere it is reported that crystals of an enantiopure [7]helquat salt undergo reversible thermal solid–solid phase transition at 404 K. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and X‐ray diffraction analysis were used to unravel the mechanistic details of this process. The single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal course enabled direct monitoring of the structural changes by in situ variable‐temperature X‐ray diffraction, thus providing the first direct evidence of a solid phase transition in a helicene‐like compound.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐one Derivatives for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Liping , Wang Limin , Huang Jianyao , Yu Gui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThree novel dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐one derivatives containing hole‐transporting groups were synthesized and characterized. These compounds exhibit good thermal stabilities. Single crystals of DBHO‐TPA and DBHO‐DPA were successfully grown from dichloromethane and their crystal structures were determined from X‐ray diffraction data. Two molecules, DBHO‐TPA and DBHO‐DPA, have a nonplanar structure while seven‐membered ring comprised in dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐one is not planar. Electrochemical properties of three compounds indicate that the different substituents on 3,7‐positions of the dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐one derivatives have a small effect on the energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals. The blue‐green light‐emitting diodes based on dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐one derivatives were fabricated.
A Fluorescent Probe for Hg2+ Based on Gold(I) Complex with An Aggregation‐Induced Emission Feature
Authors: Han Xie , Lü Xiaoyi , Chen Zhao , Yu Guangao , Yin Jun , Liu Shenghua 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA gold(I) complex that exhibited aggregation‐induced emission in acetonitrile‐water mixtures was designed. It showed high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ in acetonitrile‐H2O (1:1, V:V) solution. Dynamic light scattering measurements were conducted to verify that the addition of Hg2+ changed the particle size and induced fluorescence quenching.
CUDA‐quicksort: an improved GPU‐based implementation of quicksort
Authors: Manca Emanuele , Manconi Andrea , Orro Alessandro , Armano Giuliano , Milanesi Luciano 
Published: August 2015

SummarySorting is a very important task in computer science and becomes a critical operation for programs making heavy use of sorting algorithms. General‐purpose computing has been successfully used on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) to parallelize some sorting algorithms. Two GPU‐based implementations of the quicksort were presented in literature: the GPU‐quicksort, a compute‐unified device architecture (CUDA) iterative implementation, and the CUDA dynamic parallel (CDP) quicksort, a recursive implementation provided by NVIDIA Corporation. We propose CUDA‐quicksort an iterative GPU‐based implementation of the sorting algorithm. CUDA‐quicksort has been designed starting from GPU‐quicksort. Unlike GPU‐quicksort, it uses atomic primitives to perform inter‐block communications while ensuring an optimized access to the GPU memory. Experiments performed on six sorting benchmark distributions show that CUDA‐quicksort is up to four times faster than GPU‐quicksort and up to three times faster than CDP‐quicksort. An in‐depth analysis of the performance between CUDA‐quicksort and GPU‐quicksort shows that the main improvement is related to the optimized GPU memory access rather than to the use of atomic primitives. Moreover, in order to assess the advantages of using the CUDA dynamic parallelism, we implemented a recursive version of the CUDA‐quicksort. Experimental results show that CUDA‐quicksort is faster than the CDP‐quicksort provided by NVIDIA, with better performance achieved using the iterative implementation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Based on Controllable‐Layer Graphene Shells Directly Synthesized on Cu Nanoparticles for Molecular Detection
Authors: Qiu Hengwei , Huo Yanyan , Li Zhen , Zhang Chao , Chen Peixi , Jiang Shouzhen , Xu Shicai , Ma Yong , Wang Shuyun , Li Hongsheng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGraphene shells with a controllable number of layers were directly synthesized on Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to fabricate a graphene‐encapsulated CuNPs (G/CuNPs) hybrid system for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The enhanced Raman spectra of adenosine and rhodamine 6G (R6G) showed that the G/CuNPs hybrid system can strongly suppress background fluorescence and increase signal‐to‐noise ratio. In four different types of SERS systems, the G/CuNPs hybrid system exhibits more efficient SERS than a transferred graphene/CuNPs hybrid system and pure CuNPs and graphene substrates. The minimum detectable concentrations of adenosine and R6G by the G/CuNPs hybrid system can be as low as 10−8 and 10−10 M, respectively. The excellent linear relationship between Raman intensity and analyte concentration can be used for molecular detection. The graphene shell can also effectively prevent surface oxidation of Cu nanoparticles after exposure to ambient air and thus endow the hybrid system with a long lifetime. This work provides a basis for the fabrication of novel SERS substrates.
A 0.75‐V, 4‐μW, 15‐ppm/°C, 190 °C temperature range, voltage reference
Authors: Andreou Charalambos M. , Georgiou Julius 
Published: August 2015

SummaryA low‐voltage, low‐power, low‐area, wide‐temperature‐range CMOS voltage reference is presented. The proposed reference circuit achieves a measured temperature drift of 15 ppm/°C for an extremely wide temperature range of 190 °C (−60 to 130 °C) while consuming only 4 μW at 0.75 V. It performs a high‐order curvature correction of the reference voltage while consisting of only CMOS transistors operating in subthreshold and polysilicon resistors, without utilizing any diodes or external components such as compensating capacitors. A trade‐off of this circuit topology, in its current form, is the high line sensitivity. The design was fabricated using TowerJazz semiconductor's 0.18‐µm standard CMOS technology and occupies an area of 0.039 mm2. The proposed reference circuit is suitable for high‐precision, low‐energy‐budget applications, such as mobile systems, wearable electronics, and energy harvesting systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analytic research on the relationship between cumulative risk alleles and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kodama Satoru , Fujihara Kazuya , Ishiguro Hajime , Horikawa Chika , Ohara Nobumasa , Yachi Yoko , Tanaka Shiro , Shimano Hitoshi , Kato Kiminori , Hanyu Osamu , Sone Hirohito 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundOur aim is to examine the dose–response association between cumulative genetic risk and actual risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the influence of adjustment for covariates on T2DM risk through a comprehensive meta‐analysis of observational studies.MethodsElectronic literature search using EMBASE and MEDLINE (from 2003 to 2014) was conducted for cross‐sectional or longitudinal studies that presented the odds ratio (OR) for T2DM in each group with categories based on the total number of risk alleles (RAs) carried (RAtotal) using at least two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms. Spline regression model was used to determine the shape of the relationship between the difference from the referent group of each study in RAtotal (ΔRAtotal) and the natural logarithms of ORs (log OR) for T2DM.ResultsSixty‐five eligible studies that included 68 267 cases among 182 603 participants were analysed. In both crude and adjusted ORs, defined by adjusting the risk for at least two confounders among age, gender and body mass index, the slope of the log OR for T2DM became less steep as the ΔRAtotal increased. In the analysis limited to 14 cross‐sectional and four longitudinal studies presenting both crude and adjusted ORs, regression curves of both ORs in relation to ΔRAtotal were almost identical.ConclusionUsing only single‐nucleotide polymorphisms for T2DM screening was of limited value. However, when genotypic T2DM risk was considered independently from risk in relation to covariates, it was suggested that genetic profiles might have a supplementary role related to conventional T2DM risk factors in identifying individuals at high risk of T2DM. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric oxide regulates antagonistically phagocytic and neurite outgrowth inhibiting capacities of microglia
Authors: Scheiblich Hannah , Bicker Gerd 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTTraumatic injury or the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders is accompanied by inflammatory cellular mechanisms, mainly resulting from the activation of central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia. Under inflammatory conditions, microglia up‐regulate the inducible isoform of NOS (iNOS), leading to the production of high concentrations of the radical molecule nitric oxide (NO). At the onset of inflammation, high levels of microglial‐derived NO may serve as a cellular defense mechanism helping to clear the damaged tissue and combat infection of the CNS by invading pathogens. However, the excessive overproduction of NO by activated microglia has been suggested to govern the inflammation‐mediated neuronal loss causing eventually complete neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated how NO influences phagocytosis of neuronal debris by BV‐2 microglia, and how neurite outgrowth of human NT2 model neurons is affected by microglial‐derived NO. The presence of NO greatly increased microglial phagocytic capacity in a model of acute inflammation comprising lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐activated microglia and apoptotic neurons. Chemical manipulations suggested that NO up‐regulates phagocytosis independently of the sGC/cGMP pathway. Using a transwell system, we showed that reactive microglia inhibit neurite outgrowth of human neurons via the generation of large amounts of NO over effective distances in the millimeter range. Application of a NOS blocker prevented the LPS‐induced NO production, totally reversed the inhibitory effect of microglia on neurite outgrowth, but reduced the engulfment of neuronal debris. Our results indicate that a rather simple notion of treating excessive inflammation in the CNS by NO synthesis blocking agents has to consider functionally antagonistic microglial cell responses during pharmaceutic therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 566–584, 2016
Latest Devonian to earliest Carboniferous conodont and carbon isotope stratigraphy of a shallow‐water sequence in South China
Authors: Qie Wenkun , Wang Xiang‐Dong , Zhang Xionghua , Ji Wenting , Grossman Ethan L. , Huang Xing , Liu Jiangsi , Luo Genming 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTo improve regional and intercontinental correlation of the uppermost Devonian–lowermost Carboniferous, we examined the conodont faunas and carbon isotopic records of the Tangbagou Formation in the Qilinzhai section, southern Guizhou, South China. The Tangbagou Formation is a succession of mixed carbonate–siliciclastic rocks that accumulated on a shallow‐water platform under normal marine conditions. Seven conodont zones for shallow‐water biofacies in South China, theCl.gilwernensis–Cl.unicornisZone, thePo.spicatusZone, theSi.homosimplexZone, theSi.sinensisZone, theSi.eurylobataZone, thePs.multistriatusZone and thePo.co.porcatusZone in ascending order, are recognized in the Tangbagou Formation. Although apparently limited in its value for global correlation, this conodont zonation is more applicable to shallow‐water biofacies in South China. Carbonate samples have yielded carbon isotopic signatures consistent with those recorded in Euroamerica sections, in particular showing four distinct characteristics: (1) the peak values of Hangenberg Carbon Isotope Excursion (HICE) during the latest Devonian, (2) a minor positive shift (P1) in theSi.homosimplexZone during the early Tournaisian, (3) a second minor positive shift (P2) in theSi.sinensisZone and (4) the middle Tournaisian Carbon Isotope Excursion (TICE) in the middle part of the Tangbagou Formation. The similarity in peak values (~5.5‰) and magnitude of TICE for the Qilinzhai and Belgian sections indicates that the Euro‐asia δ13Ccarbtrends may reflect the changes in global mean ocean δ13CDIC, rather than having been overprinted by local carbon cycling. Integration of conodont biostratigraphy and δ13C stratigraphy provides a powerful tool for stratigraphic correlation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effect of Doping Different Heteroatoms on the Interaction and Adsorption Abilities of Fullerene
Authors: Amiraslanzadeh Saeed 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTDensity functional method has been employed to compare the interaction and adsorption abilities of simple and doped fullerenes with various heteroatoms (Al, B, Si, N, P, and S). Three sulfur‐containing molecules (H2S, SO2, and thiophene) were selected to study of their interactions with fullerenes. These interactions will be important in the design of new sensor, adsorption, and elimination of pollutants and chemical reactions. The calculated adsorption energies (Ead) in the gas phase and solvents (water, using the polarized continuum model) showed that all adsorbates have exothermic interaction with all fullerenes. The maximum Ead values were calculated for aluminum‐doped fullerene (AF) and nitrogen‐doped fullerene (NF), and the adsorption energies in solvent are not so different with those in the gas phase. Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) calculations showed the complexes of AF and then boron‐doped fullerene (BF) have the highest E2 interaction energies, whereas simple fullerene (F) and phosphorus‐doped fullerene (PF) have the least E2 energies. Population analyses showed that doping by heteroatoms bearing extra electrons reduces the energy gap and this decrease is more than the decrease observed from doping by heteroatoms with electron defect. Moreover, the change in the energy gaps of the complexes, obtained from the density of states (DOSs) plots, showed that these structures could be used in sensor devices. All calculated data confirmed the better adsorption of SO2 by fullerenes versus H2S and thiophene and among all fullerenes, AF and then BF and NF are the best adsorbent for these structures.
A New p‐Terphenyl Derivative from the Mushroom Thelephora vialis
Authors: Liu Rui , Wang Ya‐Nan , Xie Bo‐Jun , Pan Qin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOne novel p‐terphenyl compound, named vialisyl A (1), was isolated from the fruiting bodies of Thelephora vialis, together with six known compounds, ganbajunin B (2), phenylacetic acid (3), a mixture of ganbajunins D (4) and E (5), and vialinins A (6) and B (7). Their structures were established by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data (including 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, HSQC, HMBC, 2D‐INADEQUATE) as well as by comparison with literature reports.
One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines via Sequential Gewald/Cyclocondensation Reactions
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Janatian Ghazvini Helia , Soheilizad Mehdi , Saeedi Sara , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Amanlou Massoud 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA one‐pot four‐component synthesis of thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐amines via sequential Gewald/cyclocondensation reactions is described. 2‐Aminothiophene‐3‐carbonitriles obtained from the Gewald reaction between cyclic ketones, malononitrile, and sulfur underwent a condensationcyclization reaction with benzonitriles under solvent‐free conditions to afford the title compounds in excellent yields.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis ofHantzsch1,4‐Dihydropyridines Promoted by Dimethyl Phosphate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Priede Elina , Zicmanis Andris 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA one‐pot three‐component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, AcONH4, and different aldehydes has been successfully performed in the presence of ionic liquids (ILs) possessing a (MeO)2PO$\rm{{_{2}^{-}}}$counterion. The impact of electronic and steric effects of the substituents of aromatic aldehydes, as well as the influence of different anions of ILs on the product yield, have been investigated. The application of dimethyl phosphate ILs in the synthesis ofHantzsch1,4‐dihydropyridines presents a simple method for obtaining structurally diverse products in moderate to high yields without using any additional catalyst.
Synthesis of a Novel Benzocyclotrimer with One Rigid and One Flexible Electron‐Rich Cavity
Authors: Bolzan Alceste , Bortoluzzi Marco , Borsato Giuseppe , Fabbro Chiara , Daştan Arif , De Lucchi Ottorino , Fabris Fabrizio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of a novel benzocyclotrimer is herein presented. The syn‐product is characterized by an electron‐rich rigid aromatic cavity and a flexible electron‐rich aromatic pocket. The molecule is a potential scaffold for supramolecular applications.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Iso‐Cladospolide B and the 12 Membered‐Macrolactone (6S,12R)‐6‐Hydroxy‐12‐methyloxacyclododecane‐2,5‐dione
Authors: Kumar Pendyala Venkata Arun , Mallula Venkata Satyanarayana , Radha Krishna Palakodety 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTotal syntheses of iso‐cladospolide B (1) and the 12‐membered macrolactone (6S,12R)‐6‐hydroxy‐12‐methyloxacyclododecane‐2,5‐dione (2), a non‐natural product, were achieved from a common intermediate starting from commercially available 1,9‐nonane diol.
Novel and Stereospecific Synthesis of (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐Trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol from D‐Mannitol
Authors: Aktaş Derya , Fıstıkçı Meryem , Gündoğdu Özlem , Seçen Hasan , Şahin M. Fethi , Altundaş Ramazan , Kara Yunus 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA stereospecific synthesis of (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol from D‐mannitol has been developed. The reaction of 2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐glyceraldehyde with 2,4,5‐trifluorophenylmagnesium bromide gave [(4R)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl](2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)methanol in 65% yield as a mixture of diastereoisomers (1 : 1). The Ph3P catalyzed reaction of the latter with C2Cl6 followed by reduction with Pd/C‐catalyzed hydrogenation gave (2S)‐3‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)propane‐1,2‐diol with >99% ee and 65% yield.