bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of tools for online anonymity
Authors: Winkler Stephanie , Zeadally Sherali 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible explanations for the slow adoption and development of online anonymity technology. The ability to remain anonymous while engaging in different activities, online is increasingly sought after by consumers with privacy concerns. Currently, the only way to maintain online anonymity is through the use of technology. This paper reviews and analyzes the tools currently available to consumers to maintain online anonymity. There are only four tools available to consumers to ensure online anonymity: anonymous remailers, rewebbers, The Onion Router (Tor) and the Invisible Internet Project (I2P). These tools provide the protection needed for an Internet user to remain anonymous but suffer from a lack of usability and adoption.Design/methodology/approach– The authors have selected a few specific online anonymity technologies based on the following criteria: the technology satisfies our full anonymity definition, the technology is currently available for public use and the technology has been academically researched.Findings– Few anonymity technologies are available for public use that offer the ability for full online anonymity, and these technologies are difficult for the average computer user to operate. Further research is still needed to help determine what the average user wants to see in an anonymity technology as well as ways to help users integrate the technology into their commodity software (such as Web browsers). Future online anonymity technologies should enable the user to decide when, how and with whom their information is shared if it is shared at all with ease and simplicity.Originality/value– The authors identify, explain and analyze publicly available online anonymity technologies in terms of their usability. The authors identified ways as to how online anonymity technology can be improved to increase public adoption. The authors make pertinent recommendations on how the design and development of online anonymity technology can be improved in the future.
A password-authenticated secure channel for App to Java Card applet communication
Authors: Hölzl Michael , Asnake Endalkachew , Mayrhofer Rene , Roland Michael 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to design, implement and evaluate the usage of the password-authenticated secure channel protocol SRP to protect the communication of a mobile application to a Java Card applet. The usage of security and privacy sensitive systems on mobile devices, such as mobile banking, mobile credit cards, mobile ticketing or mobile digital identities has continuously risen in recent years. This development makes the protection of personal and security sensitive data on mobile devices more important than ever.

Design/methodology/approach
– A common approach for the protection of sensitive data is to use additional hardware such as smart cards or secure elements. The communication between such dedicated hardware and back-end management systems uses strong cryptography. However, the data transfer between applications on the mobile device and so-called applets on the dedicated hardware is often either unencrypted (and interceptable by malicious software) or encrypted with static keys stored in applications.

Findings
– To address this issue, this paper presents a solution for fine-grained secure application-to-applet communication based on Secure Remote Password (SRP-6a and SRP-5), an authenticated key agreement protocol, with a user-provided password at run-time.

Originality/value
– By exploiting the Java Card cryptographic application programming interfaces (APIs) and minor adaptations to the protocol, which do not affect the security, the authors were able to implement this scheme on Java Cards with reasonable computation time.
The accessibility and usage of smartphones by Arab-speaking visually impaired people
Authors: Al-Mouh Najd , Al-Khalifa Hend S. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate accessibility and usage of mobile smartphones by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people in Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 104 participants with visual impairments were interviewed about their use of mobile phones with the following questions: What is the most commonly used mobile phone? What is the popular domain for which they use mobile phones? What are their favorite applications? What accessibility challenges do they usually face while using mobile phones? How often do they use the Internet via mobile phones and what are the reasons behind that?

Findings
– This research is the first study with such magnitude to investigate smartphone usage by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people. The survey has revealed that Arabic-speaking visually impaired people utilize mobile phones in different ways and strategies. Getting assistance in performing daily tasks and navigating independently are two of the most common uses for mobile phones.

Originality/value
– Based on the findings, the authors are going to propose some guidelines to developers to improve smartphone accessibility, application design and Internet usage to improve accessibility for visually impaired people.
The Bioecological Model: applications in holistic workplace well-being management
Authors: Bone Kate Daisy 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to exemplify how the bioecological model (BM) may be used as a systems approach framework to address workplace well-being in a holistic, meaningful and practical way.Design/methodology/approach– This conceptual paper is structured according to the design of Bronfenbrenner’s (1999) BM. As such, the different layers of the model are described and then examples from the recent international and interdisciplinary literature and current policy from Australia are provided to support the argument. These selected examples represent some key themes in the field of workplace health and well-being management.Findings– The BM is ideal in holistically analysing workplace health promotion and management. This finding supports future research using this model. The limitations of the model are that it can lend itself to research projects that are unfocused. It is suggested that determining the research aims and objectives and then using the model to respond to this agenda would use the model effectively.Research limitations/implications– This paper proposes the applicability of a specific model to a research agenda suggesting that interested parties could design a project around this model to investigate workplace health and well-being management.Practical implications– The model gives weight to the lived experiences of employees and suggests that business owners and policy makers hold power in controlling aspects that influence employee well-being. This model could be used to inform policy makers about the holistic nature of employee well-being urging inclusive policies that support positive well-being practices.Originality/value– This paper provides a unique contribution to the field by offering a topic-specific model useful to those concerned with workplace health and well-being management.
Differences in health promotion program participation, barriers and physical activity among faculty, staff and administration at a university worksite
Authors: Leininger Lisa Janzen , Adams Kent J. , DeBeliso Mark 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Health promotion programs (HPPs) are increasingly prevalent at universities due to the numerous documented benefits in other various work environments. However, universities are unique work environments with various job duties and responsibilities. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine differences in participation in university HPPs among faculty, staff and administration. Further, barriers to participation were examined as well as an analysis of those meeting weekly physical activity (PA) recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
– An electronic survey was sent to all employees at a large, metropolitan university (n=3,603), that inquired about participation in the university HPP in the last six months and their perceived barriers to participation. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess PA amount, and thus, if the employee was meeting the weekly PA recommendations was determined.

Findings
– Results (n=308) indicated a difference in HPP participation rates between all three job classifications (χ2: p
<
0.001; staff highest, faculty lowest). Unique barriers were identified for each job classification such as time constraints, following their own exercise program, and schedule conflicts. Results also indicated a difference in those meeting PA recommendations (χ2: p
<
0.001; faculty highest, staff lowest).

Originality/value
– The results of this study suggest that to maximize effectiveness of university HPPs, administrators should recognize the differences in barriers to participation among different classifications of university employees; specific needs per job classification should also be considered. By taking these types of factors into consideration when planning, university HPPs can target specific employees with evidence-based communications and strategies for optimal participation, effectiveness and outcomes.
An evaluation of the quality of management information systems used by SACCOs in Kenya
Authors: Moturi Christopher , Mbiwa Prester 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Savings and Credit Cooperatives (SACCOs) in developing countries require core banking Management Information Systems (MISs) to run their business, serve their clients and provide differentiated products and services to gain competitive advantage. Considering that SACCOs in Kenya lack the necessary resources to acquire the best information systems, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate MISs currently in use in the SACCO subsector to determine how well they are serving.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product Quality Model, the quality of MISs operated by 215 Deposit-Taking SACCOs in the Kenya was evaluated to determine their level of performance.

Findings
– The results indicated that the MISs currently in use by the SACCOs serve them well in terms of functionality, efficiency, reliability, ease of use and portability. However, vendor support, technical training and implementation process are a big concern to the SACCOs.

Practical implications
– The SACCOs in Kenya need not look for other MISs as the ones in use satisfied the condition required by the ISO/IEC 25010 Software Product Quality Model. The areas that require attention are vendor support services by entering into contracts technical training and service level agreement; and good project management in software implementation.

Originality/value
– The research addresses itself to one of the biggest setbacks faced by a fast growing subsector in adopting ICT with limited capacity and infrastructure.
Lean Six Sigma implementation in East Africa: findings from a pilot study
Authors: Douglas Alexander , Douglas Jacqueline , Ochieng Jacqueline 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper reports the results of a pilot study on the implementation of Lean Six Sigma (LSS) in East African service and manufacturing organizations. The purpose of this paper is to determine the critical success factors for implementation of such a strategy as well as any barriers. A further aim was to determine the knowledge, usage and usefulness of LSS tools and techniques within those organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantitative approach was taken utilizing a survey questionnaire which was sent to a sample of organization employees who had attended Yellow, Green or Black Belt LSS training courses organized by the Kenya Institute of Management in Nairobi. Employees attending such courses came from Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda.

Findings
– Results indicate that the most useful tools are most of the original seven tools of quality improvement proposed by Ishikawa over 50 years ago and the most important factor for successful implementation of LSS is management involvement and participation.

Research limitations/implications
– The main limitation is that this is a pilot study so to confirm the findings a full survey of East African organization needs to be undertaken.

Practical implications
– The findings have implications for trainers, consultants and practitioners with regards to the implementation of LSS within organizations as well as the focus of the content of LSS training courses.

Originality/value
– This paper reports the first study on the implementation of LSS in East Africa and will be of value to practitioners, trainers, consultants and researchers of LSS in East Africa and beyond.
Head-teachers
'
motivational practices in public secondary schools in Kenya
Authors: Ocham Lillian , Okoth Ursulla Achieng 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of head teachers’ motivational practices on teacher performance in public secondary schools in Kenya. The objectives of the study: to determine the influence of staff recognition; shared leadership by teachers; participation in staff development programmes; and head teachers’ support for the teachers on performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study design was descriptive survey involving 186 teachers and 32 head teachers from Koibatek district. The instruments comprised of a questionnaire and an interview guide. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and presented using tables and pie charts.

Findings
– Recognition of teachers and good working conditions enhance teachers’ performance. Shared leadership between teachers and head teachers has a positive effect on teacher performance Teachers’ professional growth enhances performance. The teachers who receive head teachers’ support such as teaching materials are more motivated enhancing performance.

Research limitations/implications
– Administrators of schools should often recognize teachers. The Board of Management, Teachers Service Commission, and head teachers should provide opportunities for shared leadership. The Quality Assurance and Standard (QAS) Directorate, need funds to engage teachers in in-service courses.

Practical implications
– Teachers should be supported by providing teaching resources and ICT, and be given opportunities for advancement by government agencies.

Social implications
– Teachers should be recognized through appreciation and other incentives during prize giving days and assemblies. Teachers be given responsibilities and freedom to act to develop abilities.

Originality/value
– The research shows teacher motivation as a means of enhancing performance for quality management.
Enabling occupational participation and social inclusion for people recovering from mental ill‐health through community gardening
Authors: Whatley Elise , Fortune Tracy , Williams Anne E. 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionThere is a need for mental health practitioners to understand how inclusive environments that enable participation can be developed. This paper presents the findings from an ethnographic exploration of Mind ‘Sprout’, a supported community garden situated in inner‐city Melbourne. The study explored how this community development project created a socially inclusive environment, and enabled occupational participation among people recovering from mental ill‐health.MethodsConsistent with the ethos of ethnography, data were collected through participant observation and asking questions of people as they participated at ‘Sprout’. Six individual interviews and review of organisational documents were also conducted. Qualitative analysis was used to identify the understandings of how the Sprout community was created and experienced by its members.ResultsThree interrelated themes were revealed: Sprout community garden enabled social inclusion and occupational participation by creating community, creating a flexible environment that supports participation and creating a learning environment. The way Sprout operated enabled its members to participate together in occupation and to interact socially within the garden community and beyond as part of the local community.ConclusionSprout has developed a philosophy of active participation. The findings point to the opportunities that community development projects offer for creating environments that enable participation and social inclusion. They also suggest that an opportunity exists for occupational therapists to broaden their practise by leading or collaborating in these projects.
Chlamydial seasonal dynamics and isolation of ‘Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae’ from a Tyrrhenian coastal lake
Authors: Pizzetti Ilaria , Schulz Frederik , Tyml Tomáš , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Amann Rudolf , Horn Matthias , Fazi Stefano 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe Chlamydiae are a phylum of obligate intracellular bacteria comprising important human and animal pathogens, yet their occurrence in the environment, their phylogenetic diversity and their host range has been largely underestimated. We investigated the seasonality of environmental chlamydiae in a Tyrrhenian coastal lake. By catalysed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization, we quantified the small planktonic cells and detected a peak in the abundance of environmental chlamydiae in early autumn with up to 5.9 × 104 cells ml−1. Super‐resolution microscopy improved the visualization and quantification of these bacteria and enabled the detection of pleomorphic chlamydial cells in their protist host directly in an environmental sample. To isolate environmental chlamydiae together with their host, we applied a high‐throughput limited dilution approach and successfully recovered a Vexillifera sp., strain harbouring chlamydiae (93% 16S rRNA sequence identity to Simkania negevensis), tentatively named ‘Candidatus Neptunochlamydia vexilliferae’. Transmission electron microscopy in combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to prove the intracellular location of these bacteria representing the first strain of marine chlamydiae stably maintained alongside with their host in a laboratory culture. Taken together, this study contributes to a better understanding of the distribution and diversity of environmental chlamydiae in previously neglected marine environments.
The local environment determines the assembly of root endophytic fungi at a continental scale
Authors: Glynou Kyriaki , Ali Tahir , Buch Ann‐Katrin , Haghi Kia Sevda , Ploch Sebastian , Xia Xiaojuan , Çelik Ali , Thines Marco , Maciá‐Vicente Jose G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryRoot endophytic fungi are found in a great variety of plants and ecosystems, but the ecological drivers of their biogeographic distribution are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the occurrence of root endophytes in the non‐mycorrhizal plant genus Microthlaspi, and the effect of environmental factors and geographic distance in structuring their communities at a continental scale. We sampled 52 plant populations across the northern Mediterranean and central Europe and used a cultivation approach to study their endophytic communities. Cultivation of roots yielded 2601 isolates, which were grouped into 296 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by internal transcribed spacer sequencing of 1998 representative colonies. Climatic and spatial factors were the best descriptors of the structure of endophytic communities, outweighing soil characteristics, host genotype and geographical distance. OTU richness was negatively affected by precipitation, and the composition of communities followed latitudinal gradients of precipitation and temperature. Only six widespread OTUs belonging to the orders Pleosporales, Hypocreales and Helotiales represented about 50% of all isolates. Assessments of their individual distribution revealed particular ecological preferences or a cosmopolitan occurrence. Our findings support a strong influence of the local environment in determining root endophytic communities, and show a different niche occupancy by individual endophytes.
Experimental evidence for heritable reproductive time in 2 allochronic populations of pine processionary moth
Authors: Branco Manuela , Paiva Maria‐Rosa , Santos Helena Maria , Burban Christian , Kerdelhué Carole 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhenology allows organisms to overcome seasonally variable conditions through life‐cycle adjustment. Changes in phenology can drastically modify the evolutionary trajectory of a population, while a shift in the reproductive time may cause allochronic differentiation. The hypothesis of heritable reproductive time was experimentally tested, by studying a unique population of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Den. & Schiff.) which has a shifted phenology, and however co‐occurs with the typical population following the classical life cycle. When populations of both types were reared under controlled conditions, the reproductive time was maintained asynchronous, as observed in the field. The shifted population was manipulated in the laboratory to reproduce later than usual, yet the offspring emerged in the next year at the expected dates thus “coming back” to the usual cycle. Hybrids from crosses performed between the 2 populations showed an intermediate phenology. From the emergence times of parents and offspring, a high heritability of the reproductive time (h = 0.76) was observed. The offspring obtained from each type of cross was genetically characterized using microsatellite markers. Bayesian clustering analysis confirmed that hybrids can be successfully identified and separated from the parental genetic classes by genotyping. Findings support the hypothesis that, for this particular population, incipient allochronic speciation is due to a heritable shift in the reproductive time that further causes assortative mating and might eventually cause ecological adaptation/maladaptation in response to environmental changes.
Renoprotective effects of berberine and its potential effect on the expression of β‐arrestins and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 in streptozocin‐diabetic nephropathy rats
Authors: Tang Li‐Qin , Ni Wei‐Jian , Cai Ming , Ding Hai‐Hua , Liu Sheng , Zhang Shan‐Tang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundBerberine has been shown to exert protective effects against diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanisms involved have not been fully characterized. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of berberine on the expression of β‐arrestins, intercellular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) in DN rat kidneys and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsTo create the DN model, rats fed a high‐fat and high‐glucose diet were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). Then, DN rats were either treated or not with berberine (50, 100, 200 mg/kg per day, i.g., 8 weeks). Periodic acid‐Schiff staining was used to evaluate renal histopathological changes. Renal tissue levels of β‐arrestin 1 and β‐arrestin 2 were determined by Western blot analysis, whereas immunohistochemistry was used to determine renal ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 levels.ResultsBerberine (100, 200 mg/kg) ameliorated the histopathological changes in the diabetic kidney. Western blot analysis revealed significant increases in ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 levels in the kidneys of DN rats, which were reversed by treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg berberine. In addition, berberine treatment (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) increased diabetic‐induced decreases in β‐arrestin 1 and β‐arrestin 2.ConclusionsBerberine exhibited renoprotective effects in DN rats. The underlying molecular mechanisms may be associated with changes in the levels and regulation of β‐arrestin expression, as well as ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 levels in the rat kidney.