bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of metal and plastic stents for transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections: A systematic review
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Hawes Robert , Bartolucci Albert , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: December 2014

Background and AimMetal stents are being used more frequently for transmural endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) despite lack of data. The present systematic review was conducted to compare the rates of treatment success, adverse events and recurrence between patients undergoing metal versus plastic stent placement for endoscopic transmural drainage of PFC.MethodsMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify all published manuscripts that evaluated metal stents for endoscopic transmural drainage of PFC. All published studies from the same period involving plastic stent placement for PFC drainage that included >50 patients were also identified. Main outcome measures were to compare the rates of treatment success, adverse events and recurrence between the metal and plastic stent cohorts.ResultsSeventeen studies (881 patients) met inclusion criteria. There was no difference in overall treatment success between patients treated with plastic and metal stents (81% [95% CI, 77–84%] vs 82% [95% CI, 74–88%]) for both pseudocysts (85% [95% CI, 81–89%] vs 83% [95% CI, 74–89%]) and walled‐off necrosis (70% [95% CI, 62–76%] vs 78% [95% CI, 50–93%]). Also, there was no difference in the rates of adverse events (16% [95% CI, 14–39%] vs 23% [95% CI, 16–33%]) or recurrence (10% [95% CI, 8–13%] vs 9% [95% CI, 4–19%]) between plastic and metal stents.ConclusionsCurrent evidence does not support routine placement of metal stents for transmural drainage of PFC. Randomized trials are needed to justify the use of metal stents for PFC drainage.
Tooth discolouration and internal bleaching after the use of triple antibiotic paste
Authors: Kirchhoff A. L. , Raldi D. P. , Salles A. C. , Cunha R. S. , Mello I. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the discolouration of teeth with closed and open apices after placement of triple antibiotic paste (TAP, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline) in the pulp chamber and whether discolouration could be reversed by internal bleaching procedures.MethodologyTwenty extracted human mandibular premolars were divided into 2 groups (n = 10): teeth with closed apices (CA) and teeth with open apices (OA). After conventional access, the TAP was sealed in the pulp chamber for 3 weeks. The paste was removed by a rinse with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and a mixture of sodium perborate and distilled water was sealed in the pulp chamber for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The shade was measured by a spectrophotometer at six time periods: baseline (T0), after 3 weeks of placement of TAP (T1), after removal of TAP with a NaOCl rinse (T2) and after 1 (T3), 2 (T4) and 3 (T5) weeks of internal bleaching with sodium perborate paste. Data were collected based on the CIELAB‐CIE1976 (L*a*b*) system and analysed using t‐tests and anova.ResultsA significant decrease in the mean values of L* (lightness) was observed after treatment with TAP (T1, P < 0.05). Considerable increases in these values after bleaching with sodium perborate (T3 < T4 < T5) were found in both groups. The only significant difference in the intergroup analysis was between T1 and T2, in which ΔE values in the OA group were higher (P = 0.04).ConclusionsTAP discoloured the tooth structure, but discolouration could be reversed with sodium perborate paste. In general, teeth with closed and open apices had the same rates of discolouration and bleaching.
Consumer attitudes towards and satisfaction with emergency contraception counselling: experience from clinic and retail pharmacy settings
Authors: Ragland Denise , Battle Marlene , Kueter Teddi J , Payakachat Nalin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Objective
To collectively assess consumer attitudes towards and satisfaction with emergency contraception (EC) counselling by student pharmacists in two different locations: an academic healthcare clinic and a retail pharmacy.

Methods
EC counselling was provided by trained student pharmacists utilizing a standardized education toolkit. Participants were asked to rate the counselling at the end of the knowledge survey. In addition to descriptive statistics, we compared the self-reported attitudes and satisfaction with the counselling between the two sites.

Key findings
The majority of participants from both settings rated ‘strongly agree’ on the attitude and satisfaction statements for the EC counselling. Participants from the clinic setting rated higher in two of the four statements than the participants from the retail setting.

Conclusions
Participants had positive attitudes towards and were highly satisfied with the EC counselling in both settings. EC counselling should be encouraged in practice settings.
The soil microbial community predicts the importance of plant traits in plant–soil feedback
Authors: Ke Po‐Ju , Miki Takeshi , Ding Tzung‐Su 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Reciprocal interaction between plant and soil (plant–soil feedback, PSF) can determine plant community structure. Understanding which traits control interspecific variation of PSF strength is crucial for plant ecology. Studies have highlighted either plant‐mediated nutrient cycling (litter‐mediated PSF) or plant–microbe interaction (microbial‐mediated PSF) as important PSF mechanisms, each attributing PSF variation to different traits. However, this separation neglects the complex indirect interactions between the two mechanisms.

We developed a model coupling litter‐ and microbial‐mediated PSFs to identify the relative importance of traits in controlling PSF strength, and its dependency on the composition of root‐associated microbes (i.e. pathogens and/or mycorrhizal fungi).

Results showed that although plant carbon: nitrogen (C : N) ratio and microbial nutrient acquisition traits were consistently important, the importance of litter decomposability varied. Litter decomposability was not a major PSF determinant when pathogens are present. However, its importance increased with the relative abundance of mycorrhizal fungi as nutrient released from the mycorrhizal‐enhanced litter production to the nutrient‐depleted soils result in synergistic increase of soil nutrient and mycorrhizal abundance. Data compiled from empirical studies also supported our predictions.

We propose that the importance of litter decomposability depends on the composition of root‐associated microbes. Our results provide new perspectives in plant invasion and trait‐based ecology.
Use of aripiprazole for delirium in the elderly: a short review
Authors: Kirino Eiji 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effects and tolerability of antipsychotics in delirium treatment remain controversial. Compared to other antipsychotics, aripiprazole differs in pharmacological activity because it exerts its effect as a dopamine D2 partial agonist. The guidelines of the American Psychiatric Association rank aripiprazole highly among antipsychotics with regard to safety, and this drug is likely to be useful for delirium treatment. Here, we reviewed the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for delirium. The results of our literature review on the efficacy and safety of delirium treatments suggest that aripiprazole is an effective treatment option for delirium in the elderly. Aripiprazole is as effective as other antipsychotics in improving delirium symptoms, and it is safer because it is less likely to cause extrapyramidal symptoms, excessive sedation, and weight gain. However, these findings are based on only a few clinical studies of elderly patients with delirium. Therefore, further investigations are necessary.
THE SYNERESIS OF BLOOD CLOTS
Authors: Pickering J. W. , Hewitt J. A. 
Published: December 2014

(1) The syneresis of gels formed in wide‐mouthed vessels after the recalcification of oxalate and citrate plasmas is modified by (2) the speed of recalcification, (b) the temperature of the plasma (c) the amount of the surfaces exposed to forces of adhesion.(2) The presence of fat globules and of “blood‐dust” in the before mentioned plasmas does not apparently affect the development of the contraction of clots.(3) The effects of variations of the speed of recalcification and of variations of temperature may be wholly or partly masked when the recalcified gel is formed in small bore tubes.(4) Release of the gel from adhesion to the vessel walls permits syneresis.(5) The development of syneresis in recalcified oxalate and citrate plasmas in contact with flat glass plates is modified by variations in temperature and by other factors at present undetermined.(6) When coagulation is delayed by the anticoagulants named, varying types of syneresis are found. Variations of temperature and the degree of exposure to the forces of adhesion modify the contraction of the clots formed.(7) During the disappearance of platelets after the intravascular injection of “peptone” and of thymus nucleic acid the clots when formed exhibit typical syneresis.(8) Blood platelets are apparently not the primary cause of syneresis.(9) Adhesion plays an important part in the inhibition of syneresis.(10) The absence of platelets may delay the contraction of clots by modifying the viscosity and adhesiveness of blood.(11) The effect of contact on the coagulation of blood is continuous up to the formation of a contracted clot.(12) Attention is drawn to the possible importance of changes of viscosity of the blood in haemorrhagic states.(13) The anomalies apparent by a comparison of the records of various workers on the coagulation and syneresis of normal and of pathological bloods are commented on.The authors are indebted to Dr P. A. Levene for a most generous supply of pure thymus and yeast nucleic acid.
THE MEASUREMENT OF THE DIAMETER OF ERYTHROCYTES. IV.—THE EFFECT OF ANTICOAGUI, ANTS AND OF VARIATIONS IN DRYING AND FIXING
Authors: Ponder Eric , Saslow George 
Published: December 2014

1. It is shown that the mean diameter of cells in plasma is the same whether hirudin, heparin, or oxalate is used as an anticoagulant. The mean diameter in serum is the same as in plasma.2. The statement of several observers that human red cells do not shrink on drying is shown to rest upon a technical error.3. The mean diameter of dried cells is not altered by variations in the manner of drying, nor by the use of fixatives after drying is complete.
THE PERMANENT RESULTS OF DENERVATION OF A CUTANEOUS AREA
Authors: Sharpey-Schafer E. 
Published: December 2014

In a cutaneous area which has been completely denervated by section of all the nerve fibres distributed to it, i.e. an area in which there is no overlapping or accessory supply of uncut nerve‐fibres and in which sufficient time has elapsed for regeneration of the cut nerves to take place, those fibres which subserve pain are permanently hypersensitive and confer a disagreeable character upon any sensation evoked by mechanical stimuli. The ordinary sensation of touch is not properly appreciated, being obscured by this hypersensitiveness to pain. A stimulation such as would produce a pleasant sensation of tickling on a normal cutaneous surface causes an unpleasant sensation of tingling over the denervated area. If the blunt point of a heated or cooled metal rod is allowed to come in contact with the area, the warm or cold feeling is complicated by the concomitant disagreeable sensation caused by contact of the rod with the skin. But if the rod is not allowed to touch the skin, the sensations of warmth or cold are felt without such concomitant disagreeable sensation.Stated briefly, the following is the permanent condition of the original denervated area, as tested three years after section of the nerve supplying the area:—The sensation of touch is abolished or is at any rate obscured by a concomitant sensation of pain.Appreciation of warmth and cold has returned but in a somewhat diminished degree as compared with a normal area.Sensation of pain is increased over the originally denervated area as compared with that felt over a normal area.Trophic conditions are less favourable than in parts where the nerve‐supply has not been interfered with.
ON THE SPINAL PARASYMPATHETIC. PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPINAL PARASYMPATHETIC SYSTEM IN RELATION TO THE DIGESTIVE TRACT
Authors: Kuré Ken , Ichiko Kin‐ichi , Ishikawa Kyusaburo 
Published: December 2014

1. The vagus supply to the stomach includes, besides parasympathetic fibres, a great number of sympathetic fibres. Some of the sympathetic fibres exert an inhibitory influence upon its peristalsis. The parasympathetic fibres in the vagus are distributed all over the stomach, but they especially supply abundantly the cardia and fundus region.2. The number of parasympathetic fibres which run to the intestine varies according to the individual animal; thus in one they amounted to 119, and in another there were only 13. It follows that the grade and region of innervation must show individual differences.3. The greater splanchnic contains, besides the well‐known inhibitory fibres, many spinal parasympathetic excitatory fibres, coming from the dorsal roots of the thoracic segments. Their excitatory action is disclosed when the inhibitory fibres are interrupted by the application of nicotine to the cœliac ganglion. The spinal parasympathetic fibres supply not only the intestine but the stomach, especially its pyloric region. In the dog, the left splanchnic supplies more fibres to the stomach than the right, the right supplying only the pylorus. Both splanchnics have an excitatory action upon the intestine, after the sympathetic inhibitory fibres have been interrupted. The right splanchnic supplies especially the uppermost portion of the small intestine. In the cat, the greater splanchnic acts more effectively upon the stomach than in the dog.4. The spinal parasympathetic fibres supply the intestine segmentally through the lumbar sympathetic trunk. Their excitatory action may be greater than the inhibitory action of the sympathetic fibres, so that stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic trunk without nicotine application is enough to provoke contraction and peristalsis of the corresponding region of the intestine. The lower part of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (4th and 5th ganglion) innervates the first portion of the large intestine. Stimulation of this part of the lumbar sympathetic causes contraction of the large intestine. Section of all rami communicates results in relaxation of the small intestine and of the upper part of the large intestine, but not of the uppermost part of the small intestine.Nicotine application to the ganglia of the sympathetic trunk is followed by contraction and increased peristalsis of the small intestine (with the exception of its uppermost part); the upper part of the large intestine being also involved.
THE ACTION OF DRUGS ON THE PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Authors: Alcock P. , Berry J. L. , de Burgh Daly I. 
Published: December 2014

In isolated lung preparations of the dog under negative pressure ventilation and perfused with defibrinated blood1. Acetylcholine in the smallest effective doses causes a slight fall in pulmonary arterial pressure (or an increase in inflow), and in large doses a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure (or decrease in inflow). With small doses the venous outflow may show a slight decrease which is converted to an increase on raising the dose of acetylcholine.2. The effects described above are in part, if not solely, independent of bronchomotor mechanisms.3. The pulmonary arterial pressure rise or fall due to acetylcholine injections occur in nicotinised preparations, are enhanced by eserine and suppressed by atropine.4. The apparent relationship between the type of vascular response to acetylcholine and the height of the perfusion pressure which is described, is determined by factors which are peculiar to the perfusion apparatus and which govern the concentration of the ester in the blood reaching the lungs. No evidence has been obtained that the degree of distension of the pulmonary blood‐vessels determines their response to acetylcholine.5. Adrenaline in small doses may have no effect upon the pulmonary arterial pressure yet cause an increase in venous outflow.6. A method is described for measuring the blood inflow and outflow from lungs under negative pressure ventilation.The expenses of the research have been defrayed by a grant to one of us (I. de B. D.) from the Government Grant Committee of the Royal Society, to whom we express our thanks.
THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ADMINISTRATION ON THE RESPONSE OF THE PANCREAS TO PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION
Authors: Hebb Catherine O. 
Published: December 2014

1. In the rabbit, the normal effect of electrical stimulation of the vagal nerves is to increase the flow of secretion from the pancreas and the concentration of enzymes in the juice.2. Administration of insulin diminishes or reverses this effect, subsequent stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves producing either a smaller positive effect on the gland or a marked inhibition of the secretion.3. This is not due to exhaustion of the acinous cells, since after insulin administration the injection of glucose or a large dose of pilocarpine or acetylcholine still produces an increased output of enzymes from the gland.4. During insulin hypoglycæmia, if the vagi are intact, the output of lipase from the pancreas progressively diminishes, whereas when the vagi have been severed the output of lipase remains constant.5. Some evidence was obtained that injection of glucose enhances the normal secretory effect of vagal stimulation on the pancreas.The expenses of this investigation were defrayed by a grant given to the writer by the Banting Research Foundation of Toronto, whose help is hereby gratefully acknowledged.I wish to express my appreciation of the helpful advice and criticism of Dr B. P. Babkin, under whose direction this work was carried out. I should like also to thank Dr D. L. Thomson for criticism of the manuscript of this paper. I am indebted to Miss J. F. Oswald for assistance in the preparation of the manuscript for press.
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for the diagnosis of hip femoroacetabular impingement/labral tear: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Reiman M P , Goode A P , Cook C E , Hölmich P , Thorborg K 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundSurgery for hip femoroacetabular impingement/acetabular labral tear (FAI/ALT) is exponentially increasing despite lacking investigation of the accuracy of various diagnostic measures. Useful clinical utility of these measures is necessary to support diagnostic imaging and subsequent surgical decision-making.ObjectiveSummarise/evaluate the current diagnostic accuracy of various clinical tests germane to hip FAI/ALT pathology.MethodsA computer-assisted literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of the hip joint, as well as thePreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines were used for the search and reporting phases of the study. Quality assessment of bias and applicability was conducted using the Quality of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2). Random effects models were used to summarise sensitivities (SN), specificities (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and respective confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe employed search strategy revealed 21 potential articles, with one demonstrating high quality. Nine articles qualified for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that flexion-adduction-internal rotation (pooled SN ranging from 0.94 (95% CI 0.90 to 0.97) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.00); DOR 5.71 (95% CI 0.84 to 38.86) to 7.82 (95% CI 1.06 to 57.84)) and flexion-internal rotation (pooled SN 0.96 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.99); DOR 8.36 (95% CI 0.41 to 171.3) tests possess only screening accuracy.ConclusionsFew hip physical examination tests for diagnosing FAI/ALT have been investigated in enough studies of substantial quality to direct clinical decision-making. Further high-quality studies across a wider spectrum of hip pathology patients are recommended to discern the confirmed clinical utility of these tests.Trials registration numberPROSPERO Registration # CRD42014010144.
Socioprofessional trajectories and mortality in France, 1976–2002: a longitudinal follow-up of administrative data
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Geoffroy-Perez Béatrice , Fouquet Aurélie , Latouche Aurélien , Rey Grégoire 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundOccupying a low socioeconomic position is associated with increased mortality risk. To disentangle this association, previous studies considered various dimensions of socioeconomic trajectories across the life course. However, they used a limited number of stages. We simultaneously examined various dimensions of the whole professional trajectory and its association with mortality.MethodsWe used a large sample (337 706 men and 275 378 women) of the data obtained by linking individuals’ annual occupation (collected in 1976–2002 from a representative panel of the French salaried population in the semipublic and private sectors) with causes of death obtained from registries. All-cause and cause-specific HRs were estimated using Cox's regression models adjusted for the occupational class at the beginning of the follow-up, the current occupational class, the transition rates between occupational categories and the duration of time spent in occupational categories.ResultsAn increase in the time spent in the clerk class increased men and women's cardiovascular mortality risk compared with that in the upper class (HRs=1.59 (1.14 to 2.20) and 2.65 (1.14 to 6.13) for 10 years increase, respectively, for men and women). Men with a high rate of transitions had about a 1.2-fold increased risk of all-cause and external-cause mortality compared with those without transitions during their professional life. This association was also observed for women's all-cause mortality.ConclusionsStrong associations between professional trajectories and mortality from different causes of death were found. Long exposure to lower socioeconomic conditions was associated with increased mortality risk from various causes of death. The results also suggest gradual associations between transition rates and mortality.
Recurrent PRDM10 Gene Fusions in Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma
Authors: Hofvander Jakob , Tayebwa Johnbosco , Nilsson Jenny , Magnusson Linda , Brosjö Otte , Larsson Olle , Vult von Steyern Fredrik , Mandahl Nils , Fletcher Christopher D.M. , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is defined as a sarcoma with cellular pleomorphism and no identifiable line of differentiation. It is typically a high-grade lesion with a metastatic rate of about one third. No tumor-specific rearrangement has been identified, and genetic markers that could be used for treatment stratification are lacking. We performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) to search for novel gene fusions.
Experimental design: RNA-Seq, FISH, and/or various PCR methodologies were used to search for gene fusions and rearrangements of the PRDM10 gene in 84 soft tissue sarcomas.
Results: Using RNA-Seq, two cases of UPS were found to display novel gene fusions, both involving the transcription factor PRDM10 as the 3′ partner and either MED12 or CITED2 as the 5′ partner gene. Further screening of 82 soft tissue sarcomas for rearrangements of the PRDM10 locus revealed one more UPS with a MED12/PRDM10 fusion. None of these genes has been implicated in neoplasia-associated gene fusions before.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that PRDM10 fusions are present in around 5% of UPS. Although the fusion-positive cases in our series showed the same nuclear pleomorphism and lack of differentiation as other UPS, it is noteworthy that all three were morphologically low grade and that none of the patients developed metastases. Thus, PRDM10 fusion-positive sarcomas may constitute a clinically important subset of UPS. Clin Cancer Res; 21(4); 864–9. ©2014 AACR.