bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Toolbox for Multiplexed Protein Micropatterning by Laser Lithography
Authors: Gropeanu Mihaela , Bhagawati Maniraj , Gropeanu Radu A. , Rodríguez Muñiz Gemma M. , Sundaram Subramanian , Piehler Jacob , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhotocleavable oligohistidine peptides (POHP) allow in situ spatial organization of multiple His‐tagged proteins onto surfaces functionalized with tris(nitrilotriacetic acid) (tris‐NTA). Here, a second generation of POHPs is presented with improved photoresponse and site‐specific covalent coupling is introduced for generating stable protein assemblies. POHPs with different numbers of histidine residues and a photocleavable linker based on the 4,5‐dimethoxy‐o‐nitrophenyl ethyl chromophore are prepared. These peptides show better photosensitivity than the previously used o‐nitrophenyl ethyl derivative. Efficient and stable caging of tris‐NTA‐functionalized surfaces by POHPs comprising 12 histidine residues is demonstrated by multiparameter solid‐phase detection techniques. Laser lithographic uncaging by photofragmentation of the POHPs is possible with substantially reduced photodamage as compared to previous approaches. Thus, in situ micropatterning of His‐tagged proteins under physiological conditions is demonstrated for the first time. In combination with a short peptide tag for a site‐specific enzymatic coupling reaction, covalent immobilization of multiple proteins into target micropatterns is possible under physiological conditions.
For Bed and Board Only: Women and Girl Children Domestic Workers in Post-Partition Calcutta (1951–1981)
Authors: CHAKRAVARTY ISHITA , CHAKRAVARTY DEEPITA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper attempts to see how a particular labour market (domestic service), a traditionally male domain, became segregated both by gender and age in the post-partition Indian state of West Bengal, and mainly in its capital city Calcutta. It argues that the downward trend in industrial job opportunities in post independent West Bengal, accompanied by the large scale immigration of men, women and children from bordering East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), led to a general decline in wage rate for those in domestic service. Poor refugee women, in their frantic search for a means of survival, gradually drove out the males of the host population who were engaged in domestic service in urban West Bengal by offering to work for a very low wage and often for no wage at all. As poor males from the neighbouring states of Bihar, Orissa and the United Provinces constituted historically a substantial section of Calcutta domestic workers, it was mainly this group who were replaced by refugee women. The second stage in the changing profile of domestic service since the 1970s in urban West Bengal was arguably set by migrating girl children from different parts of the state to Calcutta city in search of employment. This is probably why West Bengal had the highest girl children's work-participation rate in urban India in 2001.
Two simultaneous botulism outbreaks in Barcelona:Clostridium baratiiandClostridium botulinum
Authors: LAFUENTE S. , NOLLA J. , VALDEZATE S. , TORTAJADA C. , VARGAS-LEGUAS H. , PARRON I. , SÁEZ-NIETO J. A. , PORTAÑA S. , CARRASCO G. , MOGUEL E. , SABATE S. , ARGELICH R. , CAYLÀ J. A. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYBotulism is a severe neuroparalytic disorder that can be potentially life-threatening. In Barcelona, Spain, no outbreaks had been reported in the past 25 years. However, in September 2011, two outbreaks occurred involving two different families. A rare case ofClostridium baratiiwhich produced a neurotoxin F outbreak was detected in five family members who had shared lunch, and several days before that another family was affected byC. botulinumtoxin A which was probably present in homemade pâté.
The importance of the supervisor for the mental health and work attitudes of Australian aged care nurses
Authors: Rodwell John , Martin Angela 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: The work attitudes and psychological well-being of aged care nurses are important factors impacting on the current and future capacity of the aged care workforce. Expanding our understanding of the ways in which the psychosocial work environment influences these outcomes is important in order to enable organizations to improve the management of human resources in this sector.Methods: Using survey data from a sample of 222 Australian aged care nurses, regression analyses were employed to test the relative impact of a range of psychosocial work environment variables derived from the demand-control-support (DCS) model and organizational justice variables on satisfaction, commitment, well-being, and depression.Results: The expanded model predicted the work attitudes and well-being of aged care nurses, particularly the DCS components. Specifically, demand was related to depression, well-being, and job satisfaction, job control was related to depression, commitment, and job satisfaction, and supervisor support and interpersonal fairness were related to well-being. The contributions of informational and interpersonal justice, along with the main and interaction effects of supervisor support, highlight the centrality of the supervisor in addressing the impact of job demands on aged care nurses.Conclusion: Psychosocial variables have utility beyond predicting stress outcomes to the work attitudes of nurses in an aged care setting and thus present further avenues of research for the retention of nurses and improved patient care.
The Impact of Semantic Dementia on Everyday Actions: Evidence from an Ecological Study
Authors: Bier Nathalie , Bottari Carolina , Hudon Carol , Joubert Sven , Paquette Guillaume , Macoir Joël 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn theory, semantic memory may trigger and support the execution of everyday activities. This study explored this question by comparing three patients with semantic dementia to 40 normal controls performing different everyday activities. Participants were tested in their home using the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Profile, an ecological measure of everyday functioning. Participants were informed that they had unknowingly invited two guests for lunch and should prepare accordingly. With these instructions, they dress to go outdoors, go to the grocery store, shop for food, prepare a hot meal, have the meal with the guests, and clean up after the meal. Performance was analyzed on the basis of four operations related to problem solving: formulate a goal, plan, execute, and verify attainment of the goal. Results indicate that compared to normal controls, two patients had significant difficulties and needed assistance with all operations of problem-solving, particularly while preparing a meal and cleaning up after the meal. One patient showed no difficulties despite severe semantic deficits. These results suggest that semantic deficits alone cannot explain the difficulties observed, but may contribute to some aspects of everyday actions such as those involved in everyday problem-solving. (JINS, 2012,18, 1–11)
Food consumption patterns and nutrition transition in South-East Asia
Authors: Lipoeto Nur Indrawaty , Geok Lin Khor , Angeles-Agdeppa Imelda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was done to confirm the relationship between changes in food patterns and nutrition transition in three South-East Asian countries, namely the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study conducted between August 2008 and August 2009 using three methods: interviews, focus group discussions and analyses of government reports.SettingThe study was conducted in rural and urban areas in Manila and Calabanga (Philippines), Selangor and Kuala Selangor (Malaysia), and Padang, Pariaman Tanah Datar and Limapuluh Kota (West Sumatra, Indonesia).SubjectsAdults aged 18 to 77 years.ResultsThe results showed that Filipinos, Malaysians and Indonesians have retained many aspects of their traditional diets. In fact, most participants in the study considered Western-style and franchise fast foods as snack or recreational foods to be consumed once in a while only. However, a significant difference was noted between urban and rural areas in food varieties consumed. Participants in urban areas consumed more varieties of traditional foods owing to their availability and the participants’ food purchasing power. Although traditional food patterns were maintained by most of the participants, more sugar and vegetable oils were consumed and added to the traditional recipes.ConclusionsThe rapid nutrition transition in this region may be due, instead, to increasing food availability and food purchasing power, rather than to a shift in food preferences towards modern Western foods.
Nanometer positioning accuracy over a long term traveling stage
based on heterodyne interferometry
Authors: Naeim I. , Khodier S. 
Published: November 2012

In order to achieve nanometer accuracy, metrologists need to identify the sources of
error and develop solutions to eradicate or minimize their effects. A stabilized low power
dual-frequency laser heterodyne interferometer (ZMI-1000A) designed to measure linear and
angular displacement with nominal measurement resolution 1.24 nm and 0.0025 arcsec,
respectively, is used to achieve measurement of displacements over different travelling
axes by comparison with the electronically reference measurements of the stage over wide
range 500 mm. The repeatability and reversal error of linear stage over the working
distance have agreed opto-electronically and the positioning uncertainty been reduced. A
multivariable framework was implemented for the x-axis due to the cross
coupling between the forward and backward course of the linear stage. Thermal error
reduction is achieved using environmental temperature control (20 ± 0.2 °C)
to help reduce thermal errors.
A Terramycin 200 for Fish (44.09% Oxytetracycline Dihydrate) Treatment Regimen Proposed for the Fluorescent Marking of Rainbow Trout Vertebrae
Authors: Carty Daniel , Bowker James D 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
We evaluated the efficacy of a Terramycin 200 for Fish (TM200; 44.09% oxytetracycline [OTC] dihydrate) treatment regimen proposed for fluorescent marking of the vertebrae of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Test fish weighed 36.6 ± 1.9 g (mean ± SD) at the start of treatment. The TM200-treated feed was administered to six tanks of fish at a target dosage of 82.7 mg OTC·kg fish−1·d−1 for 10 d, while nontreated control feed was administered to three tanks of fish (20 fish/tank in each treatment group). After a 22-d posttreatment period, vertebrae were extracted from all fish and were examined for fluorescent marks with a dissecting scope and ultraviolet light. The vertebrae of all treated fish were marked, whereas vertebrae of control fish were not marked. Consequently, the probability of marking success in treated tanks was significantly different from that in control tanks. The 95% CI for the proportion of treated tanks containing one or more nonmarked fish was 0.00 to 0.39. Analysis of treated feed samples revealed that the actual OTC dose administered to treated tanks was 73.4 ± 0.1 mg OTC·kg fish−1·d−1 (mean ± SD; 89% of target). The results indicate that the target TM200 treatment regimen administered in this study is suitable for the marking of Rainbow Trout vertebrae.
Oyster Demographics in a Network of No-Take Reserves: Recruitment, Growth, Survival, and Density Dependence
Authors: Puckett Brandon J. , Eggleston David B. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Central to ecology and resource management is knowledge of the spatiotemporal scales at which demographic rates vary and the ecological consequences of demographic variation, such as that due to density dependence. We quantified the spatiotemporal variation in eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica recruitment, density, growth, and survival and assessed density dependence within a network of no-take reserves in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina. From 2006 to 2008, average oyster recruitment and total density increased 15- and fivefold, respectively. The unprecedentedly high oyster densities in certain reserves (up to 6,500/m2 at the end of the study) modified demographic rates such that further density increases were regulated by density-dependent survival. Oyster demographic rates varied significantly among reserves at relatively small spatial scales (20 km). Certain reserves were the strong “recruiters,” others the fast “growers,” and yet others the high “survivors.” Cohort dynamics altered the demographic rank order such that the demographically “best” reserves varied intra- and interannually. From a management perspective, the prevalence of density-dependent survival suggests that the oysters in this system are habitat rather than recruitment limited, which may minimize the utility of stock enhancement programs. Addition of habitat (i.e., artificial reefs) should focus on reserves characterized by high recruitment but density-dependent growth and survival. This study (1) supports the efficacy of marine reserves in rapidly increasing the density and age–size structure of protected species, (2) highlights the need for spatially explicit demographic data to support multifaceted management objectives, and (3) when combined with evidence of reserve larval connectivity, provides support for applying metapopulation concepts to this reserve system.
Received January 27, 2012; accepted July 11, 2012
Optical and ferroelectric properties of ruthenium-doped BaTiO3 nanocubes
Authors: Sarkar Babusona , Chakrabarti Kaushik , Das Kajari , De S K 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Structural, optical, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Ru-doped BaTi1−x
Ru
x
O3(x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.10) nanocubes have been investigated. The average size of nanocube obtained from Rietveld refinement is in the range 35–60 nm. The incorporation of Ru leads to a mixed tetragonal and cubic crystalline phases in doping concentration range 5–7%. Optical band gap changes from 3.2 to 2.74 eV with increase in Ru concentration. Replacement of Ti with Ru quenches band-edge emission and enhances defect emission intensity. Optical absorption and emission spectra have been interpreted in terms of oxygen vacancy. Ruthenium 4d orbital plays a crucial role to improve dielectric constant and diminish ferroelectric Curie temperature. The combined effect of Ru dopant and size gives rise to complex variation of Curie temperature.
On joint estimates for maximal functions and singular integrals on weighted spaces
Authors: Reguera Maria Carmen , Scurry James 
Published: November 2012

We consider a conjecture attributed to Muckenhoupt and Wheeden which suggests a positive relationship between the continuity of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator and the Hilbert transform in the weighted setting. Although continuity of the two operators is equivalent for

A
p

A_p

weights with

1
>
p
>
∞

1 > p > \infty

, through examples we illustrate this is not the case in more general contexts. In particular, we study weights for which the maximal operator is bounded on the corresponding

L
p

L^p

spaces while the Hilbert transform is not. We focus on weights which take the value zero on sets of nonzero measure and exploit this lack of strict positivity in our constructions. These types of weights and techniques have been explored previously by the first author and independently with C. Thiele.
Factors Affecting Farmers' Hedging Decisions
Authors: Shapiro B.I. , Brorsen B. Wade 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFew farmers use futures markets in spite of theoretical research that says they should and educational efforts to get them to do so. This paper sought to determine the factors that explain why a sample of Indiana farmers use futures markets. Survey results showed that on average futures markets were perceived to both reduce risk and increase income. The most important factors explaining the use of futures markets were the individual's perception of the ability of futures markets to reduce risk and the individual's debt position.
An Analysis of the Agricultural and Trade Policy Preferences of Iowa Farm Operators
Authors: Edelman Mark A. , Lasley Paul 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany previous farm policy preference surveys were conducted before full implementation of the Food Security Act of 1985. This post‐implementation analysis of farm policy preferences of Iowa farm operators found high support for continuation of current programs and many of the new provisions included in the 1985 FSA. Also, there was strong support for payment limitations and all international trade policy directions identified. Nine socioeconomic characteristics were analyzed to determine if they were associated with farm policy preferences. Although many of the correlations were significant, the degrees of association were relatively low.
Public School Resources in Rural Communities: An Examination of Size Economies in Eastern Nebraska Public School Districts
Authors: Forsythe Kenneth W. , Yanagida John F. , Johnson Bruce B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn average total cost function for 53 selected public school districts in Eastern Nebraska over the time period 1981–84 is estimated. A quality of educational services index is developed and used to account for quality differences between school districts over time. Using a covariance model to pool time series and cross‐sectional data, significant economies of size were found. The empirical findings also are discussed in regard to the issue of school consolidation.
Targeting Soil Conservation Incentive Payments
Authors: Setia Parveen P. , Osborn C. Tim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAn economic criterion to identify the minimum variable incentive payment rates needed to induce farmers to adopt conservation practices is presented. The Erosion Productivity Economics Model (EPEM) was used to compare various conservation management systems to achieve established levels of erosion control. Findings suggest that there could be substantial net savings by targeting and recognizing the productivity impacts.
Returns to Swine Research in Canada
Authors: Hout Marie-France , Fox Glenn , Brinkman George 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines the economic impact of swine research undertaken by Agriculture Canada from 1968 to 1984. The economic surplus approach is used to estimate the returns to this research and to determine the distribution of benefits between producers and consumers. The ex ante and ex post approaches to measuring changes in producer surplus are compared. The impact of the marginal excess burden of taxes on measures of net benefits from research is examined. The internal rate of return to expenditures on swine research was found to be between 45 percent and 50 percent at the margin. About 85 percent of the benefits accrued to Canadian hog producers. Swine research expenditures in the United States were found to have a statistically significant effect on Canadian hog production.
Dairy Cow Replacement Decisions under Alternative Tax Codes
Authors: Schnitkey Gary D. , Arbaugh Dale 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOptimal planned replacement lactations (OPRLs) for dairy cows are determined under scenarios representing (1) a no tax situation, (2) the 1986 tax code, (3) the 1987 tax code when heifer raising costs are expensed and (4) the 1987 tax code when heifer raising costs are capitalized. Under each tax scenario, OPRLs are found when replacement heifers are raised and when replacement heifers are purchased. Taxes have impacts on OPRLs, particularly when replacement heifers are raised. When replacements are raised, results indicate that farmers selecting the capitalizing option should voluntarily replace cows later than farmers selecting the expensing option.
Effects of a Beef Grade Change on Choice and Select Slaughter Cattle Prices
Authors: Marsh John M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDistributed lags are used to estimate the conditional price effects of quality grade substitution and ungraded beef on USDA Choice and Select grade slaughter cattle. The results show that Choice beef production and ungraded production demonstrate large class price effects. When revising USDA Choice grade to accommodate reduced marbling, potential reclassification of ungraded beef plays a major role. The results show a decrease in Choice price with a slight increase in Select price and a reduction in the price premium paid for Choice steers. Overall, grade modifications emphasizing leaner beef would not necessarily benefit cattle producers unless there was a compensating change in demand and/or a reduction in feeding costs.
Using a Decision Support Framework to Evaluate Forecasts
Authors: Park Wayne I. , Garcia Philip , Leuthold Raymond M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe paper examines the relationship between statistical measures of forecast accuracy and decision support for determining the most useful forecast method. A decision framework is examined with forecasts used to guide trading decisions of a hog producer, buyer and speculator in the hog market. Out‐of‐sample forecasts from various models are evaluated using mean square error and returns from trading decisions under risk‐efficiency criteria. The results emphasize the importance of evaluating forecasts within specific decision‐making situations.
Biotechnology, Anticipated Productivity Increases and U.S. Dairy Policy
Authors: McGuckin J. Thomas , Ghosh Soumen 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA major difficulty with the U.S. milk price support program is the instability in fiscal budgeting caused by the rapid technological change occurring in the industry. Further, the introduction of foreseeable new technologies such as synthetic bovine Somatotropin (bST) will compound the levels and costs of government purchases of milk after the technology is introduced in 1990. In this paper, an optimal control model is developed to stabilize government purchases of surplus milk in anticipation of bST. Results indicate that the current policies of Food Security Act of 1985 do not adequately anticipate the introduction of bST, and this will present a large dilemma for dairy policy. Provisions of FSA are adequate to stabilize government purchases of milk at acceptable levels only if bST is not introduced. Either the technology must be restricted, possibly through product taxes, or support prices must be lowered dramatically. Even with lower support prices, CCC purchases may still climb to high levels (15 billion pounds), depending on the rate of adoption.
Students Form Commodity Pool to Learn about the Futures Market
Authors: Tierney William I. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCommodity paper trading games are widely used to give students experience in trading. One weakness of these games is that there are no monetary and only minor emotional consequences resulting from the students' trades. To simulate actual trading more realistically, a Student Commodity Pool (SCP) was organized at Kansas State University. Twenty‐nine students contributed $100 each to a pool account, formed groups to research and present trade recommendations and then traded actual futures and options contracts. As an experiential learning method, most students gave the class high marks. Other instructors may be able to establish SCPs with approval from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
Development of Financial Relationships Within Farm Level Simulation Models
Authors: Nutt Perry J. , Skees Jerry R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation is used to examine the effects of various financial relationships upon the growth rate in equity for farms with different levels of debt. A method is proposed for establishing financial relationships whereby comparable growth rates for farms with different debt will occur. The results demonstrate that financial relationships are important when comparing farms with different debt and when developing inferences about policy alternatives at the farm level.