bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Access to essential technologies for safe childbirth: a survey of health workers in Africa and Asia
Authors: Spector Jonathan M , Reisman Jonathan , Lipsitz Stuart , Desai Priya , Gawande Atul A 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The reliable availability of health technologies, defined as equipment, medicines, and consumable supplies, is essential to ensure successful childbirth practices proven to prevent avoidable maternal and newborn mortality. The majority of global maternal and newborn deaths take place in Africa and Asia, yet few data exist that describe the availability of childbirth-related health technologies in these regions. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health workers in Africa and Asia in order to profile the availability of health technologies considered to be essential to providing safe childbirth care.

Methods
Health workers in Africa and Asia were surveyed using a web-based questionnaire. A list of essential childbirth-related health technologies was drawn from World Health Organization guidelines for preventing and managing complications associated with the major causes of maternal and newborn mortality globally. Demographic data describing each birth center were obtained and health workers reported on the availability of essential childbirth-related health technologies at their centers. Comparison analyses were conducted using Rao-Scott chi-square test statistics.

Results
Health workers from 124 birth centers in 26 African and 15 Asian countries participated. All facilities exhibited gaps in the availability of essential childbirth-related health technologies. Availability was significantly reduced in birth centers that had lower birth volumes and those from lower income countries. On average across all centers, health workers reported the availability of 18 of 23 essential childbirth-related health technologies (79%; 95% CI, 74%, 84%). Low-volume facilities suffered severe shortages; on average, these centers reported reliable availability of 13 of 23 technologies (55%; 95% CI, 39%, 71%).

Conclusions
Substantial gaps exist in the availability of essential childbirth-related health technologies across health sector levels in Africa and Asia. Strategies that facilitate reliable access to vital health technologies in these regions are an urgent priority.
Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder After Kidney Transplantation: Report of a Nationwide French Registry and the Development of a New Prognostic Score
Authors: Caillard Sophie , Porcher Raphael , Provot François , Dantal Jacques , Choquet Sylvain , Durrbach Antoine , Morelon Emmanuel , Moal Valérie , Janbon Benedicte , Alamartine Eric , Pouteil Noble Claire , Morel Delphine , Kamar Nassim , Buchler Matthias , Mamzer Marie France , Peraldi Marie Noelle , Hiesse Christian , Renoult Edith , Toupance Olivier , Rerolle Jean Philippe , Delmas Sylvie , Lang Philippe , Lebranchu Yvon , Heng Anne Elisabeth , Rebibou Jean Michel , Mousson Christiane , Glotz Denis , Rivalan Joseph , Thierry Antoine , Etienne Isabelle , Moal Marie Christine , Albano Laetitia , Subra Jean François , Ouali Nacera , Westeel Pierre François , Delahousse Michel , Genin Robert , Hurault de Ligny Bruno , Moulin Bruno 
Published: February 2013

Purpose Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is associated with significant mortality in kidney transplant recipients. We conducted a prospective survey of the occurrence of PTLD in a French nationwide population of adult kidney recipients over 10 years. Patients and Methods A French registry was established to cover a nationwide population of transplant recipients and prospectively enroll all adult kidney recipients who developed PTLD between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2007. Five hundred patient cases of PTLD were referred to the French registry. The prognostic factors for PTLD were investigated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses. Results Patients with PTLD had a 5-year survival rate of 53% and 10-year survival rate of 45%. Multivariable analyses revealed that age > 55 years, serum creatinine level > 133 μmol/L, elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels, disseminated lymphoma, brain localization, invasion of serous membranes, monomorphic PTLD, and T-cell PTLD were independent prognostic indicators of poor survival. Considering five variables at diagnosis (age, serum creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, PTLD localization, and histology), we constructed a prognostic score that classified patients with PTLD as being at low, moderate, high, or very high risk for death. The 10-year survival rate was 85% for low-, 80% for moderate-, 56% for high-, and 0% for very high–risk recipients. Conclusion This nationwide study highlights the prognostic factors for PTLD and enables the development of a new prognostic score. After validation in an independent cohort, the use of this score should allow treatment strategies to be better tailored to individual patients in the future.
T-Cell–Replete HLA-Haploidentical Hematopoietic Transplantation for Hematologic Malignancies Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide Results in Outcomes Equivalent to Those of Contemporaneous HLA-Matched Related and Unrelated Donor Transplantation
Authors: Bashey Asad , Zhang Xu , Sizemore Connie A. , Manion Karen , Brown Stacey , Holland H. Kent , Morris Lawrence E. , Solomon Scott R. 
Published: February 2013

Purpose T-cell–replete grafts from haploidentical donors using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide may represent a solution for patients who require allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) but lack a conventional donor. We compared outcomes of alloHCT using haploidentical donors with those of transplantation using conventional HLA-matched sibling donors (MRDs) and HLA-matched unrelated donors (MUDs). Patients and Methods Outcomes of 271 consecutive patients undergoing T-cell–replete first alloHCT for hematologic malignancies performed contemporaneously at a single center (53 using haploidentical donors; 117, MRDs; 101, MUDs) were compared. Overall and disease-free survival (DFS) were adjusted for effects of significant patient-, disease-, and transplantation-related covariates using a stratified Cox model. Results Patient characteristics were similar between the three donor groups. For patients undergoing MRD, MUD, and haploidentical transplantation, 24-month cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality were 13%, 16%, and 7% and of relapse were 34%, 34%, and 33%, respectively (P not significant [NS]). Cumulative incidences of grades 3 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 6 months were 8%, 11%, and 11%, respectively (P NS); extensive chronic GVHD occurred in 54%, 54%, and 38% of patients, respectively (P < .05 for those undergoing haploidentical donor v MRD or MUD transplantation). Adjusted 24-month probabilities of survival were 76%, 67%, and 64% and of DFS were 53%, 52%, and 60%, respectively; these were not significantly different among the three donor groups. Conclusion Haploidentical transplantation performed using T-cell–replete grafts and post-transplantation cyclophosphamide achieves outcomes equivalent to those of contemporaneous transplantation performed using MRDs and MUDs. Such transplantation represents a valid alternative for patients who lack a conventional donor.
Commutators of elements of coprime orders in finite groups
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This paper is an attempt to find out which properties of a finite group G can be expressed in terms of commutators of elements of coprime orders. A criterion of solubility of G in terms of such commutators is obtained. We also conjecture that every element of a nonabelian simple group is a commutator of elements of coprime orders and we confirm this conjecture for the alternating groups.
Influence of the moisture content on the fracture characteristics of welded wood joint. Part 2: Mode II fracture
Authors: Rhême Martin , Botsis John , Cugnoni Joël , Navi Parviz 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
As a second part of this series, the present study also addresses the water resistance of joints obtained by friction welding. Here, the mode II fracture is in focus, that is, 4-points end-notched flexure specimens (4-ENF) were investigated with various moisture contents (MCs). The critical energy release rate was decreasing at higher MCs. The maximal shear strength of the joining material, as determined by torsion tests, was also affected by high MCs. The experimental data were implemented in a finite element model (FEM) based on the cohesive law to simulate the behavior of welded connection in 4-ENF tests. The FEM results describe well the experimental load-displacement curves.
NV-Diamond Magnetometer Using Electron Irradiation
Authors: Kim Edwin , Acosta Victor M. , Bauch Erik , Budker Dmitry , Hemmer Philip R. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTNitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an emerging system for quantum-logic device and sensor applications. The key feature of the NV center is the ability of spin manipulation at room temperature. We apply a wide range of electron irradiation to generate the NV centers in nitrogen-rich diamond for creating best sensitivity. The NV0 and NV─ concentrations in electron irradiated diamond are determined from optical spectra. Additionally, electron spin resonance (ESR) has also proven to be an effective method for probing the electron spin transition between |ms=±1> and |ms=0> states of the NV centers. A study of ESR frequency shift and signal broadening and magnetometer sensitivity as a function of electron irradiation dose has been conducted. The research presented herein is a demonstration of minimum detectable magnetic field tailoring required for future-generation high-sensitivity diamond magnetometry.
Radioelement Solubilities in SR-Site, the Influence of Variability and Uncertainty
Authors: Dahlberg Christina Greis , Sellin Patrik , Grivé Mireia , Duro Lara , Spahiu Kastriot 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIf groundwater enters a damaged canister and comes in contact with the spent fuel, radionuclides are released into the water in the void inside the canister when fuel dissolves. Solubility limits restrict the amount of radioelements that may migrate with the water flowing from the canister. In this study the impact of variability in groundwater chemistry compositions and the impact of uncertainties in thermodynamic data on solubility limits for Np, Pb, Pu, Ra, Se, Th, U and Zr were looked into. The solubility limits for all the studied radioelements seemed to be more sensitive to uncertainties in thermodynamic data than to differences in groundwater chemistry. The sole exception was radium, where variability in water composition has a somewhat larger impact. Radium is also the most safety critical element in the safety assessment SR-Site and groundwater compositions are expected to vary during the assessment period of one million years.
Diffusion of Boron in Germanium and Si1-xGex (x>50%) alloys Suresh Uppal
Authors: Willoughby A.F.W. , Bonar J.M. , Cowern N.E.B. , Morris R.J.H. , Bollani M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBoron diffusion in germanium and relaxed Si1-xGex alloys with Ge content x>50% is reported. Relaxed SiGe layers were grown by LEPECVD and boron was introduced using ion implantation. Samples were given equal thermal budgets using furnace annealing. Diffusivity values of boron have been extracted. The results confirm that diffusion of boron in germanium is indeed slower than that reported in literature. The diffusivity of boron was found to increase gradually for x>50% at 900°C but the increase is not substantial. We found that pairing model is not sufficient to explain boron diffusivity behavior in SiGe alloys over the entire range of germanium content. The results suggest that an interstitial mediation of boron diffusion in germanium should be considered.
Enemy at the gates: introduction potential of non-indigenous freshwater crayfish in Greece via the aquarium trade
Authors: Papavlasopoulou Irene , Perdikaris Costas , Vardakas Leonidas , Paschos Ioannis 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Indigenous freshwater crayfish species (ICS) are important biodiversity components and desirable fishery targets. However, ICS populations are increasingly threatened by various anthropogenic stressors. Moreover, established populations of non-indigenous freshwater crayfish species (NICS) and new ‘waves’ of NICS introductions exert significant pressure on ICS populations at a pan-European level. These effects include direct competition for space and resources as well as crayfish ‘plague’ transmission from introduced North American species. Given low public knowledge of this problematic, considerable risk of future introductions exist as a result of conventional and internet-based aquarium trade, which often lead to deliberate and/or accidental releases of NICS into the wild. In 2011, we conducted a survey of freshwater crayfish species in eleven large-size pet shops located in three major cities and in three large internet-based aquarium companies in Greece. Overall, eight species belonging to three genera (Procambarus, Cherax and Cambarellus) were recorded, originating from the USA, Australia, New Guinea and Mexico. The invasion potential of the three most popular species was assessed using the Freshwater Invertebrate Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FI-ISK). Two species were determined to constitute a ‘very high risk’ of invasion. As such, regulatory measures need to be implemented to monitor the ornamental trade of NICS in Greece and a national framework developed for protecting ICS.
Human mesenchymal stem cells express neuronal markers after osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation
Authors: Foudah Dana , Redondo Juliana , Caldara Cristina , Carini Fabrizio , Tredici Giovanni , Miloso Mariarosaria 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that are able to differentiate into mesodermal lineages (osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic), but also towards non-mesodermal derivatives (e.g. neural cells). Recent in vitro studies revealed that, in the absence of any kind of differentiation stimuli, undifferentiated MSCs express neural differentiation markers, but the literature data do not all concur. Considering their promising therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases, it is very important to expand our knowledge about this particular biological property of MSCs. In this study, we confirmed the spontaneous expression of neural markers (neuronal, glial and progenitor markers) by undifferentiated human MSCs (hMSCs) and in particular, we demonstrated that the neuronal markers βIII-tubulin and NeuN are expressed by a very high percentage of hMSCs, regardless of the number of culture passages and the culture conditions. Moreover, the neuronal markers βIII-tubulin and NeuN are still expressed by hMSCs after in vitro osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. On the other hand, chondrogenically differentiated hMSCs are negative for these markers. Our findings suggest that the expression of neuronal markers could be common to a wide range of cellular types and not exclusive for neuronal lineages. Therefore, the expression of neuronal markers alone is not sufficient to demonstrate the differentiation of MSCs towards the neuronal phenotype. Functional properties analysis is also required.
Palynofacies from Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland, with special emphasis on sporomorph eco-groups
Authors: Gedl Przemysław , Ziaja Jadwiga 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
Gedl, P. and Ziaja, J. 2012. Palynofacies from Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) ore-bearing clays at Gnaszyn, Kraków- Silesia Homocline, Poland, with special emphasis on sporomorph eco-groups. Acta Geologica Polonica, 62(3), 325-349. Warszawa.
The palynological organic matter of dark clays from Bathonian ore-bearing clays exposed at Gnaszyn (Częstochowa, Kraków-Silesia Homocline, Poland) consists of high proportions of land-derived particles; aquatic elements (mainly dinoflagellate cysts) are comparatively rare. Terrestrial particles include black opaque phytoclasts, dark brown phytoclasts, cuticle remains and subordinate sporomorphs. The latter are represented by eighty-four taxa of spores and pollen grains. They represent various groups of plants, including Bryophyta, Sphenophyta, Lycophyta, Pteridophyta, Pteridospermophyta, Cycadophyta or Ginkgophyta and Coniferophyta. The most frequent sporomorphs in almost all samples from Gnaszyn are Callialasporites (Araucariaceae), Cerebropollenites and Perinopolleniteselatoides (Taxodiaceae) pollen grains, fern spores with triradiate tetrad mark, bisaccate pollen grains belonging to conifers (Pinaceae or Podocarpaceae) and also to Pteridospermophyta. Quantitative analysis of the palynofacies shows fluctuations of particular element ratios, which correlate with lithology. Clay intervals that contain siderite concretion levels yielded lower amounts of cuticles in relation to sporomorphs (mainly pollen grains) and dinoflagellate cysts. Intervals of monotonous clays and silts are characterized by a higher ratio of cuticles in relation to other elements, especially dinoflagellate cysts. Also, quantitative analysis of the sporomorphs shows changes in frequency of the representatives of various plant communities, which coexisted during the Jurassic: Upland, Lowland, River, Pioneer, Coastal and Tidally-influenced. These changes might have reflected sealevel fluctuations, which affected vegetation growing on adjacent land. However, the dominance of Callialasporites pollen grains, which belong to the Coastal community, indicates that the Gnaszyn assemblage was mainly influenced by the seashore vegetation. The high frequency of Araucariaceae pollen grains and the presence of ferns representing the Osmundaceae, Cyatheaceae, Dicksoniaceae, Schizeaceae, Gleicheniaceae and Matoniaceae indicate a warm climate without large seasonal amplitudes during the deposition of the Gnaszyn succession.
Cast Steels for Creep-Resistant Parts Used in Heat Treatment Plants
Authors: Drotlew A. , Garbiak M. , Piekarski B. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Creep-resistant parts of heat treatment furnaces are in most cases made from high-alloyed chromium-nickel and nickel-chromium iron alloys, both cast and wrought. This paper presents the types of casting alloys used for this particular purpose, since the majority of furnace components are made by the casting process. Standards were cited which give symbols of alloy grades used in technical specifications by the domestic industry. It has been indicated that castings made currently are based on a wider spectrum of the creep-resistant alloy grades than the number of alloys covered by the standards. Alloy grades recommended by the technical literature for individual parts of the furnace equipment were given. The recommendations reflect both the type of the technological process used and the technical tasks performed by individual parts of the furnace equipment. Comments were also made on the role of individual alloying elements in shaping the performance properties of castings.
Stress Rupture Test of MAR-M509 Alloy with Structure Refined by Rapid Resolidification
Authors: Mróz M. , Orłowicz W. , Tupaj M. , Trytek A. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study presents results of stress rupture test of MAR-M-509 cobalt alloy samples, as-cast and after surface refining with a concentrated stream of heat. Tests were conducted on samples of MAR-M-509 alloy castings, obtained using the lost-wax method. Casting structure refining was performed with the GTAW method in argon atmosphere, using the current I = 200 A and electrical arc scanning velocity vs = 100, 150, 200 and 250 mm/min. The effect of rapid resolidification of the MAR-M-509 alloy on the microstructure was examined and significant improvement in stress rupture test was observed
Re-expansion of an Atelectatic Lung through Flexible Bronchoscopy in a Child with Dermatomyositis and Celiac Disease
Authors: Selimović Amina , Rančić Milan , Mujičić Ermina , Mesihović Dinarević Senka , Hasanović Aida , Ristić Siniša , Svetozarević Zoran 
Published: February 2013

Summary
This paper describes the utility of flexible bronchoscopy in a sick child diagnosed with dermatomyositis, celiac disease. Mucus plug is a common medical cause of lung atelectasis. Due to deteriorated respiratory condition, the child was highly febrile, cyanotic, liver 6-7 cm, palpable under the right rib arch. We described a child with dermatomyositis and lung atelectasis. Atelectasis causes difficulty breathing and decreased oxygen saturation, so the child was intubated and put on a complete mechanical ventilation.
Before intubation, the number of respirations exceeded 40/min, O2 saturation on the pulse oximeter fell under 73%. Pulse rate was 173/min, blood pressure 94/37 mmHg. Before intubation, the gas analysis of blood showed: Ph below 7.30 and pCO2 9 kPa, pO2 in the blood below 4.9 kPa. After flexible bronchoscopy was performed, therapeutic and diagnostic, lung re-expansion was enabled. After performed bronchoalveolar lavage with 0.9% NaCL 1 ml per kg TT, twice repeated, corticosteroids were introduced at the site of the changed mucus membrane. Mechanical ventilation parameters: Fio2, number of respirations and inspiratory pressure decreased. Values of gas analysis: ph improvement above 7.30 Pco2 3.6kPa, pO2 in the blood 11. O2 saturation 95%, pulse rate 120/min. The five-year-old child patient was extubated five days after bronchoscopy and was transferred to the standard Pulmonology Ward. Blood derivatives were obtained on several occasions. The condition improved, methotrexat therapy was introduced, with corticosteroids once a week, 3x40 mg i.v., on other week days Pronison 5 mg 4x1.
Effects of sugars on the growth and chlorophyll content in excised tulip stem in the presence of Indole-3-acetic acid
Authors: Węgrzynowicz-Lesiak Elżbieta , Saniewski Marian , Góraj Justyna , Horbowicz Marcin , Miyamoto Kensuke , Ueda Junichi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sucrose on auxin-induced growth of stem excised from growing tulips and excised directly from cooled and not cooled bulbs, and on the growth of excised IV internode from growing plants in the presence of auxin. In all cases flower bud was replaced by IAA (indole-3- acetic acid, 0.1%, w/w in lanolin) and basal part of excised segments of stem was kept in distilled water or in solution of various sugars at different concentrations. IAA-induced growth of excised stems isolated from growing tulips was inhibited by sucrose at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0%, but sucrose at 1.25% and 2.5% did not. Sucrose at all concentrations used evidently delayed senescence and increased chlorophyll contents in excised stems in the presence of IAA. Sucrose induced stiffing in isolated stems in the presence of IAA, and much less infective by pathogen in comparison to stem treated with IAA only. Mannitol and sorbitol at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% substantially inhibited IAA-induced growth of stem segments. Stem segments excised from cooled and not cooled tulip bulbs were more sensitive than those isolated from growing shoots due to application of sucrose and glucose; more inhibitory effect was observed. Sucrose at concentrations of 5.0% and 10.0% only slightly inhibited growth of IV internode treated with IAA and all concentrations of sucrose (1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10.0%) substantially increased chlorophyll content. The possible mode of actions of sucrose interacting with auxin to regulate stem growth is also discussed although sugar response is complicated by the fact that plants have multiple sugar-response pathways.