bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing eating disorder symptoms in adolescence: Is there a role for multiple informants?
Authors: Swanson Sonja A. , Aloisio Kate M. , Horton Nicholas J. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Crosby Ross D. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Field Alison E. , Micali Nadia 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjectivesStudies of adolescent psychiatric disorders often collect information from adolescents and parents, yet most eating disorder epidemiologic studies only rely on adolescent report.MethodWe studied the eating disorder symptom reports, from questionnaires sent at participants' ages 14 and 16 years, provided by 7,968 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), and their parents. Adolescents and parents were asked questions about the adolescent's eating disorder symptoms (binge eating, vomiting, laxative use, fasting, and thinness). We assessed cross‐sectional concordance and prevalence using kappa coefficients and generalized estimating equations. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess prospective associations between symptom reports and adolescent weight outcomes measured at a face‐to‐face assessment at 17.5 years.ResultsParents and adolescents were largely discordant on symptom reports cross‐sectionally (kappas < 0.3), with the parent generally less likely to report bulimic symptoms than the adolescent but more likely to report thinness. Female adolescents were more likely to report bulimic symptoms than males (e.g., two to four times more likely to report binge eating), while prevalence estimates according to parent reports of female vs. male adolescents were similar. Both informants' symptom reports were predictive of body mass and composition measures at 17.5 years; compared to adolescent report, parentally reported binge eating was more strongly predictive of body mass index.DiscussionParent report of eating disorder symptoms seemed to measure different, but potentially important, aspects of these symptoms during adolescence. Epidemiologic eating disorder studies should consider the potential value added from incorporating parental reports, particularly in studies of males. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:475–482)
Phosphorylation of Diaminopyridines: Synthesis of a Compound Containing Both a Diphosphinoamine (P–N–P) and an Iminobiphosphine (N=P–P) Fragment
Authors: Fei Zhaofu , Păunescu Emilia , Ang Wee Han , Scopelliti Rosario , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe phosphorylation of a series of diaminopyridines (2,3‐, 3,4‐, 2,5‐ and 2,6‐diaminopyridine), with various molecular equivalents of chlorodiphenylphosphine in the presence of TEA has been studied. Notably, phosphorylation of 2,3‐ and 3,4‐diaminopyridine affords compounds with diphosphinoamine (P–N–P) and iminobiphosphine (N=P–P) entities co‐existing in the same molecule. Phosphorylations of 2,5‐ and 2,6‐diaminopyridine afford compounds containing only diphosphinoamine units. The solid‐state structure of three compounds has been determined including the first example of a crystallographically characterized compound containing both a diphosphinoamine group and an iminobiphosphine group in the same structure.
Superhydrophobic Polyoxometalate/Calixarene Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Materials with Highly Efficient Desulfurization Ability
Authors: Zhou Xu‐Miao , Chen Wei , Song Yu‐Fei 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this paper, imidazole‐based ionic liquids with different alkyl chains were covalently grafted onto calix[4]arene, which resulted in the formation of 4–6 with the molecular formula [C44H56O4·2C4H6N2(CH2)n]·2Br [n = 5 (4), n = 8 (5), n = 12 (6)]. Ion exchange of 4–6 with Na9EuW10O36·32H2O (denoted EuW10) led to the formation of new inorganic–organic hybrid materials 7–9 with a molecular composition of [C44H56O4·2C4H6N2(CH2)n]4.5·EuW10O36·xH2O [n = 5, x = 10 (7); n = 8, x = 7 (8); n = 12, x = 20 (9)]. Contact angles above 139° suggested superhydrophobicity of the resulting hybrid materials 7–9. Sulfur removal of dibenzothiophene by applying hybrid materials 7–9 as heterogeneous catalytic systems indicated that deep desulfurization could be achieved at 70 °C in 7, 5.5, and 5 min, respectively. Hybrid materials 7–9 were demonstrated to be highly efficient and selective desulfurization systems that could be reused more than 10 times without a clear decrease in reactivity.
Metathesis‐Based De Novo Synthesis of Noviose
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Hauke Sylvia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe rare carbohydrate L‐(+)‐noviose was synthesized from enantiomerically pure L‐lactate. The configuration at C‐4 was established by diastereoselective nucleophilic addition to an in‐situ‐generated lactaldehyde. The resulting homoallylic alcohol was further transformed into a set of ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) precursors. These compounds were converted into noviose in few steps using RCM and RCM–allylic‐oxidation sequences.
Testing techniques to quantify drumlin height and volume: synthetic DEMs as a diagnostic tool
Authors: Hillier John K. , Smith Michael J. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTGlacial bedform height (H) and volume (V) likely preserve important information about the behaviour of former ice sheets. However, large systematic errors exist in the measurement of H and V. Three semi‐automated methods to isolate drumlins from other components of the landscape (e.g. trees, hills) as portrayed by NEXTMap have recently been devised; however, it is unclear which is most accurate. This paper undertakes the first quantitative comparison of such readily implementable methods, illustrating the use of statistically representative ‘synthetic landscapes’ as a diagnostic tool. From this analysis, guidelines for quantifying the 3D attributes of drumlins are proposed. Specifically, to avoid obtaining incorrect estimates caused by substantial systematic biases, interpreters should currently take three steps: declutter the digital elevation model for estimating H but not V; remove height data within the drumlin; then interpolate across the resultant hole to estimate a basal surface using Delaunay triangulation. Results are demonstrated through analysis of drumlins in an area in western central Scotland. The guidance arguably represents the best current advice for subglacial bedforms in general, highlighting the need for more studies into the quality of mapped data using synthetic landscapes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Episodic post‐rift deformation in the south‐eastern Australian passive margin: evidence from the Lapstone Structural Complex
Authors: McPherson Andrew , Clark Dan , Macphail Mike , Cupper Matthew 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTIdentifying the influence of neotectonics on the morphology of elevated passive margins is complicated in that major morpho‐structural patterns might plausibly be explained by processes related to late Mesozoic to early Cenozoic rifting and/or differential erosion induced by Cenozoic epeirogenic uplift. The proportional contribution of each process can vary from continent to continent, and potentially even within the same passive margin.In the passive margin setting of the southeast Australian highlands the documented occurrence of neotectonic deformation is rare, and accordingly its role in landscape evolution is difficult to establish. The results of investigations within the Lapstone Structural Complex, which forms the eastern range front of the Blue Mountains Plateau, provide evidence for two periods of Cenozoic neotectonic uplift in this part of the highlands. The first, demonstrated by seismic and structural evidence, is suggested to have occurred in the Paleogene, and is thus unrelated to Cretaceous rifting. The second period, demonstrated by evidence from the Kurrajong Fault (presented herein) suggests that uplift occurred in both the Mio‐Pliocene and the Middle Pleistocene. The cumulative Neogene and younger uplift of ~15 m determined for the Kurrajong Fault is less than 10% of the 130 m of total measured throw across the fault. The apparently minor contribution of neotectonism to the current elevation of the Blue Mountains Plateau supports a predominantly erosional exhumation origin for the topographic relief at the plateau's eastern edge. This finding contrasts with evidence from fault complexes associated with similar topographic relief elsewhere in the south‐eastern highlands, indicating that present‐day topography cannot be directly related to relief generated by Neogene and younger uplift, even from relatively closely‐spaced (< 150 km) structures within the same passive margin. These findings have implications for understanding the spatio‐temporal variability of post‐rift faulting in continental passive margin settings and the evolution of landscapes therein. © Commonwealth of Australia. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lagrangian formulation for finite element analysis of quasi‐incompressible fluids with reduced mass losses
Authors: Oñate Eugenio , Franci Alessandro , Carbonell Josep M. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYWe present a Lagrangian formulation for finite element analysis of quasi‐incompressible fluids that has excellent mass preservation features. The success of the formulation lays on a new residual‐based stabilized expression of the mass balance equation obtained using the finite calculus method. The governing equations are discretized with the FEM using simplicial elements with equal linear interpolation for the velocities and the pressure. The merits of the formulation in terms of reduced mass loss and overall accuracy are verified in the solution of 2D and 3D quasi‐incompressible free‐surface flow problems using the particle FEM (www.cimne.com/pfem). Examples include the sloshing of water in a tank, the collapse of one and two water columns in rectangular and prismatic tanks, and the falling of a water sphere into a cylindrical tank containing water. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bunte Vielfalt
Authors: Gottschalk Thomas , Sudfeldt Christoph 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMehr Grünland, mehr Hecken, mehr Mais? Landnutzungsszenarien geben Auskunft, wie der biologische Artenreichtum in deutschen Agrarlandschaften erhöht werden kann. Grundlage dafür ist ein Monitoring von zehn Vogelarten in ihren Lebensräumen.
Der Weg und seine Richtung
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractGegangen ist der Weg noch keineswegs, doch seine Richtung scheint im Grundsatz festgelegt. In Sachen Wissenschaft und Forschung hat sich die Große Koalition in Berlin die richtigen Ziele gesteckt. Jetzt gilt es, die besten Routen dahin einzuschlagen.
Palygorskite Hybridized Carbon Nanocomposite as PtRuIr Support for the Methanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang H. , Luo R. , Ji S. , Linkov V. , Wang R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA palygorskite/carbon heterogeneous nanocomposite, a unique hybrid of palygorskite and carbon, was prepared and designed as an electrocatalyst support material for PtRuIr nanoparticles and evaluated for methanol electrooxidation. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy results showed that PtRuIr nanoparticles were well‐dispersed on the composite support with highly dispersed tiny crystal alloy phase on the surface of PtRuIr amorphous alloy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that the formation of Ru and Ir oxides on the surface of the PtRuIr nanoparticles. The electrochemical results show that the palygorskite hybridized carbon used as electrocatalysts support can improve the electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation and CO tolerance.
Start‐Up of HT‐PEFC Systems Operating with Diesel and Kerosene for APU Applications
Authors: Wiethege C. , Samsun R. C. , Peters R. , Stolten D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFuel‐cell‐based auxiliary power units offer power generation with reduced fuel consumption and low emissions. A very promising system is the combination of an autothermal reformer with a high‐temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cell. A fast start‐up procedure is a crucial requirement for the use of this system as an auxiliary power unit. This paper reports on the development of a suitable start‐up strategy for a 10 kWel auxiliary power unit with a start‐up burner. A commercially available diesel burner was tested as a start‐up device. A dynamic MATLAB/Simulink model was developed to analyze different start‐up strategies. With the currently available apparatus and start‐up burner it takes 2,260 s before power generation can begin according to simulation results. The fuel processor alone would be ready for operation after 1,000 s. An optimization of the fuel cell stack with regard to its thermal mass would lead to a start‐up time of 720 s. A reduction to 600 s is possible with a slight customization of the start‐up burner.
Factors associated with elder mistreatment in rural Tamil Nadu, India: a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Chokkanathan Srinivasan 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundThere is limited evidence for the multifactorial aetiology of elder mistreatment. The goal of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the mistreatment of older adults living in rural Tamil Nadu, India.MethodA cross‐sectional household survey was conducted in a sub‐district of rural Tamil Nadu by using a standard questionnaire. Face to face interviews were conducted with 902 older adults aged 61 years and older. The relation between the characteristics of older adults, family members and family environments with reported mistreatment was examined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe multivariate results reveal that elder mistreatment is related to several factors associated with the perpetrator and the family environment. Perpetrator factors include middle age, a tertiary education (protective), alcohol consumption and the mistreatment of other family members. Family environment factors include family stress and low cohesion. Among the factors related to older adults, only physical abuse of family members was associated with exposure to mistreatment.ConclusionThe characteristics of older adults, family members and family environment are potent predictors of elder mistreatment. Multi‐dynamic interventions should target dysfunctional families displaying alcohol use, relationship conflicts, low cohesion and the presence of some form of family violence. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone as indicator for fine‐needle aspiration in patients with thyroid nodules
Authors: Choi Ji Soo , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Moon Hee Jung , Han Kyung Hwa , Kwak Jin Young 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecently, it has been reported that the risk of thyroid malignancy increases with increasing concentrations of serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH). The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not serum TSH can be a predictor for thyroid malignancy when considering the relevant ultrasound features and clinical risk factors.MethodsThis retrospective study included 1200 euthyroid patients with 1269 thyroid nodules who underwent ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy between January and June 2009. Serum TSH, ultrasound feature, and clinical parameters were compared according to final diagnosis. Subgroup analyses were performed according to nodule size.ResultsSerum TSH did not show a positive association with malignancy for all nodules and the micronodule subgroup in multivariate analysis, although they showed significant association with thyroid malignancy for the macronodule subgroup. For all nodules and the 2 subgroups, suspicious ultrasound features and younger age were significantly associated with malignancy in univariate and multivariate analyses.ConclusionOur study suggests that TSH alone is not as useful as ultrasound features in deciding whether or not to perform FNA in patients with micronodules. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 498–504, 2015
Unexpected Ring Enlargement of 2‐Hydrazono‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,3‐thiazoles to 1,3,4‐Thiadiazines
Authors: Pfeiffer Wolf‐Diethard , Ahlers Klaus‐Dieter , Saghyan Ashot S. , Villinger Alexander , Langer Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe cyclization of thiosemicarbazide with α‐bromoacetophenone can result in the formation of isomeric 1,3,4‐thiadiazines and two different thiazoles. We studied the use of 4‐methyl‐ and 4‐ethylthiosemicarbazide as dinucleophilic building blocks. In this context, we observed an unprecedented rearrangement of a 2‐hydrazono‐2,3‐dihydrothiazole to a 1,3,4‐thiadiazine. While ring contractions of 1,3,4‐thiadiazines to thiazoles are quite common, ring enlargements are new. The course of the reaction depends on the substitution pattern of the substrate.
Two New Cytotoxic Spirostane‐Steroidal Saponins from the Roots of Bletilla striata
Authors: Park Jong Eel , Woo Kyeong Wan , Choi Sang Un , Lee Je Hyun , Lee Kang Ro 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo new spirostane‐steroidal saponins, bletilnoside A (1) and bletilnoside B (2), together with five known compounds, 3–7, were isolated from the roots of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. F. The structures of the new compounds were determined based on their 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectral data. The isolated compounds 1–7 were tested for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cells (A549, SK‐OV‐3, SK‐MEL‐2, and HCT15) in vitro using a sulforhodamin B bioassay, and compounds 1, 2, and 5 showed significant cytotoxicities against all tested tumor cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.98±0.16 to 12.10±0.40 μM.
Three New 24‐Nortriterpenoids from the Roots of Ilex asprella
Authors: Jiang Kun , Bai Jun‐Qi , Chang Jun , Tan Jun‐Jie , Qu Shi‐Jin , Luo Hong‐Feng , Tan Chang‐Heng , Zhu Da‐Yuan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAsprellols A–C (1–3, resp.), three new 24‐nortriterpenoids, were isolated from the CHCl3‐soluble fraction of 95% EtOH extract of the roots of Ilex asprella, together with a known nortriterpenoid. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as 2,6β,20β‐trihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐norursa‐1,4‐dien‐28,13β‐olide (1), 2,6β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐norursa‐1,4,20(30)‐trien‐28,13β‐olide (2), and 2,6β‐dihydroxy‐3‐oxo‐11α,12α‐epoxy‐24‐noroleana‐1,4‐dien‐28,13β‐olide (3) on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.
Two Novel Abietane Diterpenoids from Illicium wardii A.C.Sm.
Authors: Gao Yan‐Ping , Shen Yun‐Heng , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo novel abietane diterpenoids, wardinols A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with five known diterpenoids, 3–7, were isolated from the fruits of Illicium wardii A.C.Sm. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of intensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. Wardinol A (1) is a rare 9,10‐epoxy‐9,10‐secoabietane diterpenoid. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against three human tumor cell lines, A549, HCT116, and CCRF‐CEM.
Suberosanones A – C, New Metabolites Possessing Cyclopentenone System from the South China Sea Gorgonian Coral Subergorgia suberosa
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liang Yan , Li Liang‐Chun , Xu Shi‐Hai 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo unusual novel bicyclic lactones, suberosanones A and B (1 and 2, resp.), characterized by the co‐occurrence of cyclopentenone and butanolide rings within the same molecule, along with one tricyclic cyclopentenone derivative, suberosanone C (3), were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa. Their structures were unambiguously established by detailed spectroscopic analyses (NMR, IR, and HR‐MS). The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by quantum‐chemical calculations using the time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT) method. All compounds showed neither antifouling activity against Balanus amphitrite larvae settlement nor antibacterial activity against a panel of bacterial strains at concentrations up to 25 μg/ml.
Is it better to be an English little pea than a Mexican little pea?: The role of the categorization process on the evaluation of football players
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Puente‐Diaz Silvia 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTwo studies investigated the effects of manipulating team membership on the evaluation of a football player. We hypothesized that the evaluations of the same football player, Javier “Chicharito” Hernandez, would vary as a function of the categorization process. For study 1, participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: Manchester United, Mexican National team or control. Results showed that “Chicharito” obtained better evaluations when his membership to Manchester United was made salient. In study 2, participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: Manchester United and Mexican National team condition. We found support for the mediating role of team evaluation on the relationship between team membership and the evaluations of Chicharito. The theoretical and applied implications were discussed.
A Positive Role of MicroRNA‐15b on Regulation of Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Vimalraj S. , Partridge Nicola C. , Selvamurugan N. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOsteoblast differentiation is tightly regulated by several factors including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this paper, we report that pre‐mir‐15b is highly expressed in differentiated osteoblasts. The functional role of miR‐15b in osteoblast differentiation was determined using miR‐15b mimic/inhibitor and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen genes was decreased by miR‐15b inhibitor. Runx2, a bone specific transcription factor is generally required for expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes and in response to miR‐15b inhibitor treatment, Runx2 mRNA expression was not changed; whereas its protein expression was decreased. Even though Smurf1 (SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1), HDAC4 (histone deacetylase 4), Smad7, and Crim1 were found to be few of miR‐15b's putative target genes, there was increased expression of only Smurf1 gene at mRNA and protein levels by miR‐15b inhibitor. miR‐15b mimic treatment significantly increased and decreased expressions of Runx2 and Smurf1 proteins, respectively. We further identified that the Smurf1 3′UTR is directly targeted by miR‐15b using the luciferase reporter gene system. This is well documented that Smurf1 interacts with Runx2 and degrades it by proteasomal pathway. Hence, based on our results we suggest that miR‐15b promotes osteoblast differentiation by indirectly protecting Runx2 protein from Smurf1 mediated degradation. Thus, this study identified that miR‐15b can act as a positive regulator for osteoblast differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1236–1244, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.