bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon uptake by wheat: Effects of Si pools and pH
Authors: Gocke Martina , Liang Wu , Sommer Michael , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSilicon (Si), although not considered essential, has beneficial effects on plant growth which are mostly associated with the ability to accumulate amorphous (phytogenic) Si, e.g., as phytoliths. Phytogenic Si is the most active Si pool in the soil–plant system because of its great surface‐to‐volume ratio, amorphous structure, and high water solubility. Despite the high abundance of Si in terrestrial biogeosystems and its importance, e.g., for the global C cycle, little is known about Si fluxes between soil and plants and Si pools used by plants. This study aims at elucidating the contribution of various soil Si pools to Si uptake by wheat. As pH affects dissolution of Si pools and Si uptake by plants, the effect of pH (4.5 and 7) was evaluated. Wheat was grown on Si‐free pellets mixed with one of the following Si pools: quartz sand (crystalline), anorthite powder (crystalline), or silica gel (amorphous). Silicon content was measured in aboveground biomass, roots, and soil solution 4 times in intervals of 7 d. At pH 4.5, plants grew best on anorthite, but pH did not significantly affect Si‐uptake rates. Total Si contents in plant biomass were significantly higher in the silica‐gel treatment compared to all other treatments, with up to 26 mg g–1 in aboveground biomass and up to 17 mg g–1 in roots. Thus, Si uptake depends on the conversion of Si into plant‐available silicic acid. This conversion occurs too slowly for crystalline Si phases, therefore Si uptake from treatments with quartz sand and anorthite did not differ from the control. For plants grown on silica gel, real Si‐uptake rates were higher than the theoretical value calculated based on water transpiration. This implies that Si uptake by wheat is driven not only by passive water flux but also by active transporters, depending on Si concentration in the aqueous phase, thus on type of Si pool. These results show that Si uptake by plants as well as plant growth are significantly affected by the type of Si pool and factors controlling its solubility.
Simultaneous integrated boost–intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Franceschini Davide , Paiar Fabiola , Meattini Icro , Agresti Benedetta , Pasquetti Eleonora Monteleone , Greto Daniela , Bonomo Pierluigi , Marrazzo Livia , Casati Marta , Livi Lorenzo , Biti Giampaolo 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo review toxicity and outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer treated with simultaneous integrated boost–intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (SIB‐IMRT).Study DesignReview of experience with the SIB‐IMRT technique.MethodsFifty patients were treated with the SIB‐IMRT technique. Two possible schedules of radiation therapy (RT) were used: SIB 70 (70/60/54 in 33 fractions) and SIB 66 (66/60/54 in 33 fractions). Forty‐one patients also received chemotherapy.ResultsAll but two patients completed treatment as prescribed. No G4 acute toxicity has been reported in our series. We did not observe any G3 to G4 chronic toxicity, apart from one case of cutaneous necrosis. After a median follow‐up of 23.3 months (range, 1–60 months), 41 patients (82%) were alive and negative for disease, and one patient (2%) was alive with distant metastases. Eight patients (16%) died, seven because of progressive disease and one for other causes.ConclusionsSIB‐IMRT is a highly effective and safe technique of RT in the treatment of head and neck cancer.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 123:E97–E103, 2013
Hybrid submental flaps for reconstruction in the head and neck: Part pedicled, part free
Authors: Hayden Richard E. , Nagel Thomas H. , Donald Carrlene B. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate feasibility and success of elongating only the venous pedicle of the submental flap to increase the superior arc of rotation for the “hybrid” flap allowing coverage of more distal defects.Study DesignRetrospective evaluation of all submental flaps undergoing pedicle‐lengthening procedure at a single institution.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for all patients undergoing reconstruction with submental flaps between 2002 and 2012. Information regarding demographics, etiology, location, size, and extent of defects, type of submental flap harvested, operative time, and outcomes were recorded. Special note was made of vascular pedicle length and any pedicle vessel manipulation to increase the superior arc of rotation.ResultsNine patients (67% male) with a mean age of 61 years (range, 25–83 years) underwent hybrid submental flap procedures. Eight surgical defects resulted from cancer ablation and one from trauma. Five flaps were musculocutaneous, and four were osseomusculocutaneous. The divided pedicle vein was anastomosed to the external jugular vein (n = 6), retromandibular vein (n = 1), common facial vein (n = 1), and internal jugular vein (n = 1). Pedicle vessel elongation averaged 5 cm. Skin paddle size averaged 71 cm2 (range, 48–99 cm2). All donor sites were closed primarily with no further surgery required. One flap experienced venous thrombosis and was successfully salvaged. Overall flap survival was 100%. No local or regional cancer recurrence was detected in the cancer patients with a mean follow‐up of 20 months (range, 3–87 months).ConclusionsThe hybrid submental flap safely extends the arc of rotation 5 cm, allowing coverage of defects in the forehead, temporal‐parietal, and occipital regions.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:637–641, 2014
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 expression in oral cavity squamous cell cancer is associated with bone invasion
Authors: Kejner Alexandra E. , Burch M. Benjamin , Sweeny Larissa , Rosenthal Eben L. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate bone invasion, survival, and expression of bone morphogenetic protein‐6 (BMP‐6) in oral cavity cancer in the context of known biomarkers indicative of poor prognosis.Study DesignMolecular expression study combined with retrospective chart review of corresponding patients at a tertiary care center.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2009, a total of 197 patients underwent resection for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Of these, 30 pathologic specimens were chosen for further molecular analysis. These 30 patients were separated into three groups (10 per group) based on American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging and staging based on size alone (TAJCC/SIZE). The first group consisted of tumors staged as T2/2 based on size less than 4 cm and that had no evidence of bone invasion. The T2/4 group consisted of tumors that were upstaged from T2 based on bone invasion. The T4/4 group consisted of tumors that were large with and without bone invasion. The expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), BMP‐6, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was examined using immunohistochemistry techniques. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, survival, and recurrence were compared.ResultsAverage follow‐up was 21 months. Expression of BMP‐6 was significantly higher in the T2/4 cohort (tumor less than 4 cm with bony invasion) than the larger tumors without bone invasion (T4/4 cohort, P = .05). In addition, increased BMP‐6 expression correlated with aggressive behavior in the smaller tumors. Furthermore, increased EGFR expression positively correlated with increased levels of BMP‐6.ConclusionsIncreased expression of BMP‐6 in oral cavity cancer may affect bone invasion.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 123:3061–3065, 2013
Nonmotor and extracerebellar features in Machado‐Joseph disease: A review
Authors: Pedroso José Luiz , França Marcondes C. , Braga‐Neto Pedro , D'Abreu Anelyssa , Saraiva‐Pereira Maria Luiza , Saute Jonas A. , Teive Hélio A. , Caramelli Paulo , Jardim Laura Bannach , Lopes‐Cendes Iscia , Barsottini Orlando Graziani P. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTSpinocerebellar ataxia type 3 or Machado‐Joseph disease is the most common spinocerebellar ataxia worldwide, and the high frequency of nonmotor manifestations in Machado‐Joseph disease demonstrates how variable is the clinical expression of this single genetic entity. Anatomical, physiological, clinical, and functional neuroimaging data reinforce the idea of a degenerative process involving extracerebellar regions of the nervous system in Machado‐Joseph disease. Brain imaging and neuropathologic studies have revealed atrophy of the pons, basal ganglia, midbrain, medulla oblongata, multiple cranial nerve nuclei, and thalamus and of the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and limbic lobes. This review provides relevant information about nonmotor manifestations and extracerebellar symptoms in Machado‐Joseph disease. The main nonmotor manifestations of Machado‐Joseph disease described in previous data and discussed in this article are: sleep disorders, cognitive and affective disturbances, psychiatric symptoms, olfactory dysfunction, peripheral neuropathy, pain, cramps, fatigue, nutritional problems, and dysautonomia. In addition, we conducted a brief discussion of noncerebellar motor manifestations, highlighting movement disorders. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Phloretin and phlorizin promote lipolysis and inhibit inflammation in mouse 3T3‐L1 cells and in macrophage‐adipocyte co‐cultures
Authors: Huang Wen‐Chung , Chang Wei‐Tien , Wu Shu‐Ju , Xu Pei‐Yin , Ting Nai‐Chun , Liou Chian‐Jiun 
Published: June 2013

ScopePrevious studies found that phloretin (PT) and phlorizin (PZ) could inhibit glucose transport, with PT being a better inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. This study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity effects of PT and PZ in 3T3‐L1 cells and if they can modulate the relationship between adipocytes and macrophages.Methods and resultsDifferentiated 3T3‐L1 cells were treated with PT or PZ. Subsequently, transcription factors of adipogenesis and lipolysis proteins were measured. In addition, RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with PT or PZ were cultured in differentiated media from 3T3‐L1 cells to analyze inflammatory mediators and signaling pathways. PT significantly enhanced glycerol release and inhibited the adipogenesis‐related transcription factors. PT also promoted phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase and increased activity of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone‐sensitive lipase. PT suppressed the nuclear transcription factor kappa‐B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways when RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in differentiated media from 3T3‐L1 cells. PZ improved lipolysis and inhibited the macrophage inflammatory response less effectively than PT.ConclusionThis study suggests that PT is more effective than PZ at increasing lipolysis in adipocytes. In addition, PT also suppresses inflammatory response in macrophage that is stimulated by differentiated media from 3T3‐L1 cells.
Urinary incontinence after ischemic stroke: Clinical and urodynamic studies
Authors: Pizzi Assunta , Falsini Catiuscia , Martini Monica , Rossetti Mario Alberto , Verdesca Sonia , Tosto Aldo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the frequency, the prognostic effect on functional status and the urodynamic patterns of post‐stroke urinary incontinence (UI) in a sample of in‐patients affected by ischemic stroke.MethodsOne hundred six patients with recent ischemic stroke admitted to a neurorehabilitation unit were enrolled. Stroke localization was made according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) stroke subtypes and assessment of stroke severity using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The presence of UI was associated with functional status, measured with Barthel Index and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). At admission, urodynamic studies were performed on all the patients and repeated in 63 patients after 30 days.ResultsEighty‐four patients (79%) were incontinent. Incontinence was associated with age (P < 0.05) and functional disability (P = 0.01), but not with sex, side of stroke, or time from stroke to entry in the study. Urodynamic studies, performed on all 106 patients at admission, showed normal studies in 15%, detrusor overactivity (DO) in 56%, detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility (DOIC) in 14%, and detrusor underactivity (DU) in 15%. After 1 month urodynamic studies, repeated on 63 patients, showed normal studies in 30%, DO in 48%, DOIC in 6%, and DU in 16%.ConclusionsIncontinent patients showed a worse functional outcome compared to continent patients. Post‐stroke incontinence may be associated with different urodynamic patterns, each of which may necessitate different treatment strategies. Urodynamic findings in patients with ischemic stroke vary depending upon timing of the study. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:420–425, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurotrophins in bladder function: What do we know and where do we go from here?
Authors: Cruz Célia Duarte 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimsNeurotrophins (NTs) have attracted considerable attention in the urologic community. The reason for this resides in the recognition of their ability to induce plastic changes of the neuronal circuits that govern bladder function. In many pathologic states, urinary symptoms, including urgency and urinary frequency, reflect abnormal activity of bladder sensory afferents that results from neuroplastic changes. Accordingly, in pathologies associated with increased sensory input, such as the overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) or bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC), significant amounts of NTs have been found in the bladder wall.MethodsHere, current knowledge about the importance of NTs in bladder function will be reviewed, with a focus on the most well‐studied NTs, nerve growth factor (NGF), and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).ResultsBoth NTs are present in the bladder and regulate bladder sensory afferents and urothelial cells. Experimental models of bladder dysfunction show that upregulation of these NTs is strongly linked to bladder hyperactivity and, in some cases, pain. NT manipulation has been tested in animal models of bladder dysfunction, and recently, NGF downregulation, achieved by administration of a monoclonal antibody, has also been tested in patients with BPS/IC and chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). NTs have also been found in high quantities in the urine of OAB and BPS/IC patients, raising the possibility of NTs serving as biomarkers.ConclusionsAvailable data show that our knowledge of NTs has greatly increased in recent years and that some results may have future clinical application. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:39–45, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Positionieren im Sub‐Nanometerbereich
Authors: Hamann Gernot , Reiff Ellen‐Christine 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie Rasterkraftmikroskopie (Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM) ermöglicht Oberflächenmessungen höchster Auflösung bis auf atomare Level und dringt damit in Bereiche vor, die sich mit Lichtmikroskopie nicht mehr auflösen lassen. Das Verfahren arbeitet berührungslos und misst die Kraft zwischen einer sehr dünnen Messspitze und der Objektoberfläche, was Aufschluss über die Topografie, die chemische Oberflächenbeschaffenheit, Defekte etc. geben kann. Anwendungen für diese Methode finden sich sowohl in der Forschung als auch in der Produktion. Zu den typischen Einsatzbereichen gehören Life Science Technologien ebenso wie die Materialforschung oder die Halbleiterinspektion. Präzision bei der Positionierung von Messspitze und Probe sind obligatorisch, da sich nur so eine hohe Ortsauflösung erreichen lässt. Piezobasierte Positioniersysteme sind für diese Scan‐Anwendung gut geeignet, da sie nicht nur mit Auflösungen im Subnanometerbereich arbeiten, sondern auch eine hohe Dynamik bieten.
Flexibel und kostengünstig
Authors: Pulka Markus , Wang Jiayu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDie optische Leistung einer Glasfaser hängt nicht nur vom Design der Faser und ihrer inneren Dämpfung ab, sondern auch davon, wie effizient ein Laser‐ oder Lichtstrahl in die Faser eingekoppelt wird.
Clinically meaningful measurement of pain in children with sickle cell disease
Authors: Myrvik Matthew P. , Brandow Amanda M. , Drendel Amy L. , Yan Ke , Hoffmann Raymond G. , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundLimited understanding of the interpretability of patient‐reported pain scores may impact pain management. The current study assessed the minimal clinically significant improvement in pain and pain scores signifying patient‐reported need for medication and treatment satisfaction in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).ProcedurePatients, 8–18‐years‐old, with SCD were recruited while receiving treatment for pain. Patients completed initial pain severity ratings using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Serial assessments of pain severity, pain relief, perceived need for medication, and treatment satisfaction were completed in the emergency department and the hospitalization. Data were used to calculate the minimal clinically significant improvement in pain and pain scores associated with perceived need for pain medication and treatment satisfaction.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients completed 305 assessments during 37 total visits. A decrease in pain severity score of 0.97 cm for the VAS and 0.9 for the NRS was found to be the minimum clinically significant improvement in pain. Pain scores >7.45 cm on the VAS or 7.5 on the NRS were suggestive of patient‐reported need for pain medication. Pain scores <7.35 cm on the VAS or 8.5 on the NRS were suggestive of patient‐reported treatment satisfaction discrimination.ConclusionsThe minimal clinical significant improvement was defined for the VAS and NRS and both scales were able to discriminate between important clinical findings including pain relief, need for pain medication, and treatment satisfaction. Collectively, this study provides data to improve our understanding of pain ratings of pediatric patients with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1689–1695. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous infusion meropenem and ticarcillin‐clavulanate in pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Zobell Jeffery T. , Ferdinand Christina , Young David C. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAztreonam, cefepime, and ceftazidime are anti‐pseudomonal beta‐lactam antibiotics which have been previously reported to be administered by continuous infusion (CI) in pediatric CF patients. We present two cases administering intravenous (IV) meropenem and ticarcillin‐clavulanate by CI in pediatric CF patients. The delivery of beta‐lactam antibiotics via CI should be considered in order to optimize the pharmacodynamics (PD) of beta‐lactams in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations (APE). Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:302–306. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Work Hardening Response of Transformation‐Induced Plasticity and Dual‐Phase Steels to Prestrain
Authors: Yu Hai‐Yan , Ai Chen‐Chen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStandard uniaxial tension and repetitive uniaxial tension at different prestrain levels have been conducted for cold‐rolled TRIP780 and DP590 steels. Scan electron microscope (SEM) was performed to observe the microstructures response to prestrain. The instantaneous work hardening rate and transient hardening behavior changing with the prestrain in repetitive tension were discussed in detail. The elastic modulus degradation with prestrain was also identified for the two steels. Results indicated that TRIP780 and DP590 had different work hardening responses to prestrain although they both have preferable work hardenability. When prestrain was small, DP steel had higher work hardening rate than TRIP steel had. While when the prestrain was larger than 2.5%, TRIP780 displayed higher work hardening rate than DP590 did. After each unloading in repetitive tension, the work hardening rate of TRIP780 and DP590 steels fell off and then tended to come back to the original level. The drop of work hardening rate decreased with the prestrain only for TRIP780. It was discerned that the max elastic modulus degradation could reach 18 and 10% for TRIP780 and DP590 steels, respectively.
Concentration‐dependent induction of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human liver cells after nickel nanoparticles exposure
Authors: Ahmad Javed , Alhadlaq Hisham A. , Siddiqui Maqsood A. , Saquib Quaiser , Al‐Khedhairy Abdulaziz A. , Musarrat Javed , Ahamed Maqusood 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT:Due to advent of nanotechnology, nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) are increasingly recognized for their utility in various applications including catalysts, sensors and electronics. However, the environmental and human health effects of Ni NPs have not been fully investigated. In this study, we examined toxic effects of Ni NPs in human liver (HepG2) cells. Ni NPs were prepared and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. We observed that Ni NPs (size, ∼28 nm; concentration range, 25–100 μg/mL) induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells and degree of induction was concentration‐dependent. Ni NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in dose‐dependent manner evident by induction of reactive oxygen species and depletion of glutathione. Cell cycle analysis of cells treated with Ni NPs exhibited significant increase of apoptotic cell population in subG1 phase. Ni NPs also induced caspase‐3 enzyme activity and apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Upregulation of cell cycle checkpoint gene p53 and bax/bcl‐2 ratio with a concomitant loss in mitochondrial membrane potential suggested that Ni NPs induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells was mediated through mitochondrial pathway. This study warrants that applications of Ni NPs should be carefully assessed as to their toxicity to human health. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 137–148, 2015.
Power curve measurement with a nacelle mounted lidar
Authors: Wagner R. , Pedersen T.F. , Courtney M. , Antoniou I. , Davoust S. , Rivera R.L. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNacelle‐based lidars are an attractive alternative to conventional mast base reference wind instrumentation where the erection of a mast is expensive, for example offshore. In this paper, the use of this new technology for the specific application of wind turbine power performance measurement is tested. A pulsed lidar prototype, measuring horizontally, was installed on the nacelle of a multi‐megawatt wind turbine. A met mast with a top‐mounted cup anemometer standing at two rotor diameters in front of the turbine was used as a reference. After a data‐filtering step, the comparison of the 10 min mean wind speed measured by the lidar to that measured by the cup anemometer showed a deviation of about 1.4% on average. The power curve measured with the lidar was very similar to that measured with the cup anemometer although the lidar power curve was slightly distorted because of the deviation in wind speed measurements. A lower scatter in the power curve was observed for the lidar than for the mast. Since the lidar follows the turbine nacelle as it yaws, it always measures upwind. The wind measured by the lidar therefore shows a higher correlation with the turbine power fluctuations than the wind measured by the mast. Finally, the lidar is never in the wake of the turbine under test contrary to the cup anemometer; therefore, the wind sector usable for power curve measurement was larger than the sector for which the cup anemometer was not disturbed by any obstacle. The power curve obtained with the lidar for the wind sector in which the mast is in the wake of the turbine under test compared well with the power curve obtained on the standard sector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.