bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two coexisting tank bromeliads host distinct algal communities on a tropical inselberg
Authors: Carrias J.‐F. , Céréghino R. , Brouard O. , Pélozuelo L. , Dejean A. , Couté A. , Corbara B. , Leroy C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe tank bromeliads Aechmea aquilega (Salisb.) and Catopsis berteroniana (Schultes f.) coexist on a sun‐exposed Neotropical inselberg in French Guiana, where they permit conspicuous freshwater pools to form that differ in size, complexity and detritus content. We sampled the algal communities (both eukaryotic and cyanobacterial taxa, including colourless forms) inhabiting either A. aquilega (n = 31) or C. berteroniana (n = 30) and examined differences in community composition and biomass patterns in relation to several biotic and abiotic variables. Chlorella sp. and Bumilleriopsis sp. were the most common taxa and dominated the algal biomass in A. aquilega and C. berteroniana, respectively. Using a redundancy analysis, we found that water volume, habitat complexity and the density of phagotrophic protozoa and collector‐gatherer invertebrates were the main factors explaining the distribution of the algal taxa among the samples. Hierarchical clustering procedures based on abundance and presence/absence data clearly segregated the samples according to bromeliad species, revealing that the algal communities in the smaller bromeliad species were not a subset of the communities found in the larger bromeliad species. We conclude that, even though two coexisting tank bromeliad populations create adjacent aquatic habitats, each population hosts a distinct algal community. Hence, bromeliad diversity is thought to promote the local diversity of freshwater algae in the Neotropics.
Factors related to day‐care clinic outcomes for dementia patients: differences between hospitalization in the dementia ward and institutionalization
Authors: Ono Toshiyuki , Tamai Akira , Takeuchi Daisuke , Tamai Yuzuru 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundFew reports have investigated factors related to the outcomes of day‐care attendance. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the factors related to the outcomes of patients who attended day‐care clinics, with special attention to the differences between hospitalization in the dementia ward and institutionalization.MethodsWe analyzed data from 333 patients in consecutive cases who attended day care between 1 April 2000 and 31 March 2010 and then followed them until 31 March 2011. For univariate and multivariate analyses, patients were divided into seven groups characterized by their outcomes: (i) patients who continued day‐care attendance (continued); (ii) those hospitalized for physical problems (hospital (physical)); (iii) those hospitalized in the dementia ward (ward (dementia)); (iv) those hospitalized in the psychiatric ward for psychiatric problems (ward (psychiatric)); (v) those institutionalized (institution); (vi) those who stopped day‐care attendance by choice (intention); and (vii) those who stopped day‐care attendance for other or unknown reasons (others).ResultsBehavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia were the main reasons for hospitalization and institutionalization. Men were easier to hospitalize in the dementia ward. Patients who applied for insurance were more likely to be institutionalized. The differences between patients who were hospitalized (dementia ward) and institutionalized were age and cognitive function.ConclusionsPatients who were older and had high cognitive function were institutionalized rather than hospitalized in the dementia ward. Patients with severe dementia symptoms were advised to be treated in the dementia ward.
Causes of Truck and Cargo Drivers’ Fatigue in Bangladesh
Authors: Talukder Mohammad Mahbub Alam , Islam Md. Shahidul , Ahmed Ishtiaque , Raihan Md. Asif 
Published: January 2014

In recent studies, it has been observed that fatigue is one of the major factors contributing to fatal accidents in Bangladesh. It is increasing tremendously and alarmingly and causing the huge loss of lives and assets. In Bangladesh, heavy vehicle drivers are susceptible to frequent fatigue related accidents, thus increasing disability and social and economic vulnerability. The study aims to identify truck drivers’ causes of fatigue and other physical, socio-psychological and economic consequences on the drivers. The study was conducted during January-June 2012 in the different truck and cargo terminals of Dhaka city in Bangladesh. A total of 400 drivers were chosen purposively. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and focused group discussion methods. The study indicates that the reasons behind fatigue led injuries were the driver’s consistent working pressure, longer non-stop driving, traffic congestions, driving in drunk condition, inadequate facilities of physical and mental rests, family conflicts and long detachment from family care, owners and drivers ill relationship, harassments by police, job insecurity and income frustrations etc. The study showed that above 83% of the drivers directly or indirectly suffered from fatigue related problems. The study showed that pressure from owners and businessmen and lack of mal-nutrient food consumption were the leading causes of fatigue. The owners’ and drivers’ associations, civil society, Government of Bangladesh (GOB), NGOs and development partners should address the fatal crisis by adopting appropriate interventions to reduce the said fatigue related accidents.
Numerical Assessment of Rainfall Infiltration into Soil Column for the Unsaturated Layered Residual Forest Soil
Authors: Ibrahim Aniza , Mukhlisin Muhammad , Jaafar Othman 
Published: January 2014

Infiltration caused by rainfall leads to the changes of moisture content and pore water pressure of the soil. These changes indicate the behavior of the soil especially during wetting and drying due to rainfall. This paper describes the numerical analyses and result of rain water infiltration into soil column using SEEP/W (Geo-Slope International, 2004). The analyses were using three types of soils.Two types of soils were commercially obtained;siltyand gravelly sand, while another soilsample obtained from UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) forest. The main objectives are to describe the rainfall infiltration behavior into unsaturated residual forest soil, using one-dimensional soil column model, and the effect of rainfall intensity and duration to the infiltration process for the soils. The soil properties used for that analyses such as soil water characteristic curves (SWCC), and hydraulic conductivity were obtained from the laboratory works. The study was performed for one, three, and six hour flux for all types of soils.Results of volumetric water content show that water infiltration in silty and gravelly sand aremore rapidly than forest soil. The upper layer of soil column experienced greatly increased of volumetric water content compare to the other layers.In addition, pore water pressure for siltyand gravelly sand has also greatly increased from negative towards positive value for one and three hour rainfall compared to forest soil.Â Therefore, as the water infiltrates,initially dry soil will gradually increase both volumetric water content and pore water pressure as an event of rainfall is applied.
High-Intensity Interval Training for Improvement of Overhand Throwing Velocity
Authors: Maddigan Meaghan E. , Behm David G. , Belfry Glen R. 
Published: January 2014

Context:High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to improve muscle power and endurance, as well as aerobic power.Objective:To assess the effects of HIIT that utilizes resistive elastic bands to improve overhand throwing velocity.Participants:Healthy female volunteers (n = 13) ranging in age from 18–29 years.Interventions:Participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group that exercised 3 days per week for 3 weeks. Each training session involved performance of 5 sets of 20 throwing motions against elastic band resistance, which was performed by both extremities.Main Outcome Measures:Maximal oxygen consumption was measured during performance of a graded exercise test that utilized an upper extremity cycle ergometer. A radar gun was used to assess peak throwing velocity and the extent to which throwing velocity was sustained during performance of a 20-throw endurance test.Results:After completing the training, the experimental group exhibited faster peak throwing velocity (61.6 ± 6.6 km/hr to 63.2 ± 8.6 km/hr) and a reduced fatigue index (1.18 ± 0.16 to 1.01 ± 0.02). Training also resulted in a 14% improvement in maximum oxygen consumption (1.40 ± 0.46 L/min to 1.60 ± 0.49 L/ min) and longer time to fatigue (9.99 ± 1.84 min to 11.43 ± 2.29 min).Conclusion:The high-intensity interval training program was effective for improvement of overhand throwing performance.
Sexual violence experienced by male and female Chinese college students in Guangzhou
Authors: Wang Chang , Dong Xiaomei , Yang Jingzhen , Ramirez Marizen , Chi Guibo , Peek-Asa Corinne , Wang Shengyong 
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesSexual violence research in China is in its early stages. This study described the sexual violence experience of college students in Guangzhou, China, and examined the individual and family factors associated with increased sexual perpetration and victimisation.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 2200 college students from three universities in Guangzhou, China, was conducted in 2010. Data on sexual perpetration and/or victimisation experienced during the past 12 months were collected. Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the individual and family factors associated with odds of sexual assault perpetration, victimisation, or both.ResultsOver a quarter (25.4%) of students experienced at least one form of sexual violence during the past 12 months, either as a perpetrator or as a victim, and nearly 10% of students experienced both perpetration and victimisation. The number of students who identified themselves as being solely a victim was almost three times lower than being a perpetrator only (n=87 vs n=246). Engaging in risky behaviours was associated with increased odds of being a perpetrator and being both a perpetrator and a victim. Prior mistreatment by teachers or bullying by others was linked to increased risk of both perpetration and victimisation. Male students who had indulgent parents (responsive but not demanding) were at increased risk of perpetration compared with those students with authoritative parents (responsive and demanding).ConclusionsThe findings add to empirical data on sexual violence in college students and reinforce the urgent need for implementation of successful sexual violence prevention programmes in China.
miR-30c-2-3p and miR-30a-3p: New Pieces of the Jigsaw Puzzle in HIF2α Regulation
Authors: Moch Holger , Lukamowicz-Rajska Magdalena 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Summary: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most frequent subtype of renal cell cancer, is characterized by mutation of the von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene, which results in stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) α proteins. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Mathew and colleagues report that miR-30c-2-3p and miR-30a-3p downregulation in ccRCC promotes increased expression of HIF2α.Cancer Discov; 4(1); 22–4. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Mathew et al., p. 53
Faulty ECM Signaling Facilitates Autoimmune Lymphomagenesis
Authors: Brekken Rolf A. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Summary: The contribution of the extracellular matrix (ECM) to the microenvironment of solid tumors is appreciated although not completely understood; however, the contribution of the ECM to the development of hematopoietic tumors has not been investigated in depth. A new study by Sangaletti and colleagues demonstrates that faulty ECM signaling can facilitate malignant lymphoproliferation in mice predisposed to autoimmunity. Similar changes in ECM construction, consistent with a loss of inhibitory ECM signaling, were identified in the transition from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia to malignant chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients. These results reveal a critical contribution of reduced collagen signaling in lymphoma and highlight the importance of appropriate ECM construction for maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Cancer Discov; 4(1); 25–6. ©2014 AACR.
See related article by Sangaletti et al., p. 110
Towards a Unified Model of RAF Inhibitor Resistance
Authors: Solit David B. , Rosen Neal 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
ATP-competitive RAF inhibitors elicit profound but often temporary antitumor responses in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma. Analysis of tumor samples collected at the time of disease progression indicates that alterations within the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway that result in reactivation of ERK signaling are present in most patients. Mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway that enhance the adaptive response to RAF inhibitors also contribute to RAF inhibitor resistance in a subset of patients. Cancer Discov; 4(1); 27–30. ©2014 AACR.
See related articles by Wagle et al., p. 61 Shi et al., p. 69 Shi et al., p. 80 and Van Allen et al., p. 94
Thermodilution-Derived Coronary Microvascular Resistance and Flow Reserve in Patients With Cardiac Syndrome X
Authors: Luo Chufan , Long Ming , Hu Xun , Huang Zhibin , Hu Chengheng , Gao Xiuren , Du Zhimin 
Published: January 2014

Background—
Although increased coronary microvascular resistance (CMR), resulting in coronary microvascular dysfunction, is speculated to be responsible for myocardial ischemia in patients with cardiac syndrome X (CSX), it has never been directly demonstrated, and the correlation between CMR and severity of myocardial ischemia has not been elucidated in this setting. This study aimed to ascertain the increased CMR directly and to explore the relationship between CMR and severity of ischemia in patients with CSX.

Methods and Results—

We studied 18 patients with CSX and 18 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Thermodilution-derived coronary flow reserve and index of microvascular resistance were measured using a pressure–temperature sensor-tipped coronary wire. Exercise treadmill test was performed by the Bruce protocol for calculating Duke treadmill score. Coronary flow reserve was significantly lower (2.37±0.81 versus 3.68±0.72;
P
<0.001) and index of microvascular resistance was higher (33.1±7.9 versus 18.8±5.6 U;
P
<0.001) in patients with CSX compared with those in control subjects. The Duke treadmill score was correlated positively to coronary flow reserve (
r
=0.539;
P
=0.021) and negatively to index of microvascular resistance (
r
=−0.742;
P
<0.001) in patients with CSX.

Conclusions—
Using an intracoronary thermodilution method, we for the first time directly demonstrated an increased microvascular resistance in patients with CSX. Furthermore, severity of ischemia was found to be intimately associated with CMR in this setting.
Bone Mineral Density and Incidence of Stroke
Authors: Myint Phyo Kyaw , Clark Allan B. , Kwok Chun Shing , Loke Yoon Kong , Yeong Jessica Ka-Yan , Luben Robert N. , Wareham Nicholas J. , Khaw Kay-Tee 
Published: January 2014

Background and Purpose—
The prospective link between osteoporosis and future risk of stroke requires evidence from large-scale population-based long-term studies.

Methods—
Calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation was measured in the Norfolk cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk between 1997 and 2000. Incident strokes were ascertained by hospital record linkage and death certificates in March 2009 and December 2011, respectively. A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to evaluate the relationship between bone mineral density and incident stroke. After data extraction of relevant studies, pooled risk of stroke was estimated using meta-analysis.

Results—
In 14 290 participants (mean follow-up of 9.3 years; total person-years 132 574), there were 599 incident strokes. Participants in the lowest 10% of the calcaneum broadband ultrasound attenuation distribution had an increased stroke risk (hazard ratio 1.41; 95% confidence intervals, 1.02–1.94) compared with those in the top 30% of the distribution after adjustments. A decrease of ~1 standard deviation in broadband ultrasound attenuation (20 db/MHz) was associated with a 17% increase in relative risk of stroke (95% confidence intervals, 5%–30%).

Meta-analysis of 4 studies (25 760 participants, 1237 cases of stroke) found that for every decrease in 1 standard deviation in bone mineral density, there was an increased risk of incident stroke among women (pooled relative risk 1.22; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09–1.37; I
2
=0%, 3 studies) but not in men (pooled relative risk 1.05; 95% confidence intervals, 0.94–1.17; I
2
=0%, 2 studies).

Conclusions—
Bone mineral density predicts total stroke risk. The evidence is stronger in women with regard to the continuous relationship.
Tuning Extreme NEXRAD and CMORPH Precipitation Estimates
Authors: Woody Jonathan , Lund Robert , Gebremichael Mekonnen 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHigh-resolution satellite precipitation estimates, such as the Climate Prediction Center morphing technique (CMORPH), provide alternative sources of precipitation data for hydrological applications, especially in regions where adequate ground-based instruments are unavailable. These estimates are, however, subject to large errors, especially at times of heavy precipitation. This paper presents a method to distributionally convert a set of CMORPH estimates into ground-based Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) estimates. As our concern lies with floods and extreme precipitation events, a peaks-over-threshold extreme value approach is adopted that fits a generalized Pareto distribution to the large precipitation estimates. A quantile matching transformation is then used to convert CMORPH values into NEXRAD values. The methods are applied in the analysis of 6 yr of precipitation observations from 625 pixels centered around eastern Oklahoma.
Salt Feedback in the Adiabatic Overturning Circulation
Authors: Wolfe Christopher L. , Cessi Paola 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe adiabatic overturning circulation is the part of the meridional overturning circulation that persists in the limit of vanishing diffusivity. Two conditions are required for the existence of the adiabatic overturning circulation: a high-latitude zonally reentrant channel subject to surface westerlies and a set of outcropping isopycnals shared between the channel and the opposite hemisphere. This paper examines how different buoyancy forcing regimes, particularly freshwater flux, affect the surface buoyancy distribution and the strength of the adiabatic overturning circulation. Without freshwater forcing, salinity is uniform and buoyancy is determined by temperature only. In this case, the size of the shared isopycnal window is effectively fixed by the coupling between atmospheric and sea surface temperatures. With freshwater forcing (applied as a surface flux), the salinity, and thus the sea surface buoyancy and the size of the shared isopycnal window, is not specified by the atmospheric state alone. It is found that a salt–advection feedback leads to surface buoyancy distributions that increase the size of the isopycnal window and strengthen the adiabatic overturning circulation. The strength of the feedback is controlled by processes in high latitudes—the southern channel, where the surface salinity is determined by a balance between freshwater input from the atmosphere, salt input from upwelling deep water, and freshwater export by Ekman transport; and the Northern Hemisphere, where the overturning and wind-driven transport in the thermocline advect salty water from the subtropics, mitigating the freshening effect of the surface freshwater flux. The freshwater budget in the channel region provides an estimate of the size of the isopycnal window.
Spatio-temporal analysis on enterovirus cases through integrated surveillance in Taiwan
Authors: Chan Ta-Chien , Hwang Jing-Shiang , Chen Rung-Hung , King Chwan-Chuen , Chiang Po-Huang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Background
Severe epidemics of enterovirus have occurred frequently in Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, Cambodia, and China, involving cases of pulmonary edema, hemorrhage and encephalitis, and an effective vaccine has not been available. The specific aim of this study was to understand the epidemiological characteristics of mild and severe enterovirus cases through integrated surveillance data.

Methods
All enterovirus cases in Taiwan over almost ten years from three main databases, including national notifiable diseases surveillance, sentinel physician surveillance and laboratory surveillance programs from July 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008 were analyzed. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was applied for measuring the consistency of the trends in the cases between different surveillance systems. Cross correlation analysis in a time series model was applied for examining the capability to predict severe enterovirus infections. Poisson temporal, spatial and space-time scan statistics were used for identifying the most likely clusters of severe enterovirus outbreaks. The directional distribution method with two standard deviations of ellipse was applied to measure the size and the movement of the epidemic.

Results
The secular trend showed that the number of severe EV cases peaked in 2008, and the number of mild EV cases was significantly correlated with that of severe ones occurring in the same week [r = 0.553, p < 0.01]. These severe EV cases showed significantly higher association with the weekly positive isolation rates of EV-71 than the mild cases [severe: 0.498, p < 0.01 vs. mild: 0.278, p < 0.01]. In a time series model, the increase of mild EV cases was the significant predictor for the occurrence of severe EV cases. The directional distribution showed that both the mild and severe EV cases spread extensively during the peak. Before the detected spatio-temporal clusters in June 2008, the mild cases had begun to rise since May 2008, and the outbreak spread from south to north.

Conclusions
Local public health professionals can monitor the temporal and spatial trends plus spatio-temporal clusters and isolation rate of EV-71 in mild and severe EV cases in a community when virus transmission is high, to provide early warning signals and to prevent subsequent severe epidemics.
Nanoscale observation of surface potential and carrier transport in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films grown by sputtering-based two-step process
Authors: Kim Gee Yeong , Kim Ju Ri , Jo William , Son Dae-Ho , Kim Dae-Hwan , Kang Jin-Kyu 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Stacked precursors of Cu-Zn-Sn-S were grown by radio frequency sputtering and annealed in a furnace with Se metals to form thin-film solar cell materials of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe). The samples have different absorber layer thickness of 1 to 2 μm and show conversion efficiencies up to 8.06%. Conductive atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy were used to explore the local electrical properties of the surface of CZTSSe thin films. The high-efficiency CZTSSe thin film exhibits significantly positive bending of surface potential around the grain boundaries. Dominant current paths along the grain boundaries are also observed. The surface electrical parameters of potential and current lead to potential solar cell applications using CZTSSe thin films, which may be an alternative choice of Cu(In,Ga)Se2.

PACS number: 08.37.-d; 61.72.Mm; 71.35.-y