bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Satisfaction with youth mental health services: further scale development and findings from headspace – Australia's National Youth Mental Health Foundation
Authors: Rickwood Debra , Nicholas Angela , Mazzer Kelly , Telford Nic , Parker Alexandra , Tanti Chris , Simmons Magenta 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the headspace youth (mental health) service satisfaction scale (YSSS), a 14‐item purpose‐designed scale for use with adolescents and young adults attending headspace centres, and to examine the level of satisfaction with headspace centre services and the client characteristics that predict this.MethodsThere were 21 354 eligible headspace clients who had received more than one service over the 12‐month data collection period during 2013–2014, and 12 436 (58%) completed a satisfaction scale. headspace clients could optionally self‐complete the satisfaction scale at the beginning of visits 2, 5, 10 and 15. Clients' demographic and clinical characteristics were also recorded.ResultsFactor analysis identified a four‐factor solution for the scale and internal consistency of the subscales was acceptable to excellent. Satisfaction with headspace was high and increased over time for those who completed the scale multiple times. Several demographic and clinical characteristics predicted the likelihood of completion and level of satisfaction, with younger age shown to be a persistent predictor of lower satisfaction.ConclusionsClient satisfaction with headspace is high and increases with ongoing engagement. Development of the headspace YSSS contributes a new client satisfaction scale with tested psychometric properties for adolescents and young adults engaged in mental health services, providing an essential tool for youth mental health services to routinely evaluate the experiences of young people accessing their services.
Early MRD response as a prognostic factor in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Šálek Cyril , Folber František , Froňková Eva , Procházka Bohumír , Marinov Iuri , Cetkovský Petr , Mayer Jiří , Doubek Michael ,   Czech Leukemia Study Group ‐ for Life (CELL)
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prognostic power of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitored by polymerase chain reaction at defined time points during early treatment in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).MethodsSeventy‐one patients were treated according to the GMALL 07/2003 protocol and evaluated for MRD in bone marrow by specific clonal rearrangements of Ig/TCR in BCR‐ABL negative ALL or fusion gene transcript in BCR‐ABL positive ALL.ResultsThree‐year overall survival (OS) was 94% in patients with BCR‐ABL negative ALL reaching complete molecular response (CMR) after the first course of chemotherapy (vs. 32% if MRD >10−4; P = 0.001). Patients with CMR prior to the start of consolidation chemotherapy at week 11 had 3‐yr OS 82% (vs. 18% if MRD >10−4; P = 0.001). Patients with BCR‐ABL positive ALL showed slower MRD dynamics. There was a trend to better OS in patients with ≥4 log reduction of BCR‐ABL transcript prior to HSCT (92% vs. 50%; P = 0.065). None of the patients with detectable MRD (both BCR‐ABL positive and negative) after HSCT survived 3 yr.ConclusionEarly MRD kinetics is an important tool for new prognostication models with direct clinical impact irrespective of standard prognostic factors in patients with BCR‐ABL negative ALL.
The molecular pathogenesis of B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Blombery Piers A. , Wall Meaghan , Seymour John F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas (B‐NHL) are a diverse group of haematological malignancies which arise from the mature B‐lymphocyte compartment. Recently, our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these disorders has greatly increased due to technological advances such as high‐throughput DNA sequencing techniques. A paradigm of B‐NHL pathogenesis has emerged where the normal genetic processes that are central to generating B‐cell receptor diversity (somatic hypermutation and class switch/VDJ recombination) also drive the genesis of large‐scale, chromosomal‐level genetic lesions and smaller‐scale gene‐level mutations to produce the malignant phenotypes observed. Whilst a significant degree of genetic heterogeneity exists within each B‐NHL subtype, the genetic lesions present within each subtype show a degree of convergence on common intracellular signalling, epigenetic and cell cycle pathways. This convergence gives an insight into the key oncogenic drivers of specific B‐NHL subtypes and potential targets for therapeutic intervention. This review covers the current understanding of the causative genetic processes of B‐NHL, the associated driving molecular lesions and the implications of these findings for the treatment of this group of disorders.
Tropical herbivores provide resilience to a climate‐mediated phase shift on temperate reefs
Authors: Bennett Scott , Wernberg Thomas , Harvey Euan S. , Santana‐Garcon Julia , Saunders Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractClimate‐mediated changes to biotic interactions have the potential to fundamentally alter global ecosystems. However, the capacity for novel interactions to drive or maintain transitions in ecosystem states remains unresolved. We examined temperate reefs that recently underwent complete seaweed canopy loss and tested whether a concurrent increase in tropical herbivores could be maintaining the current canopy‐free state. Turf‐grazing herbivorous fishes increased in biomass and diversity, and displayed feeding rates comparable to global coral reefs. Canopy‐browsing herbivores displayed high (~ 10 000 g 100 m−2) and stable biomass between 2006 and 2013. Tropical browsers had the highest abundance in 2013 and displayed feeding rates approximately three times higher than previously observed on coral reefs. These observations suggest that tropical herbivores are maintaining previously kelp‐dominated temperate reefs in an alternate canopy‐free state by grazing turfs and preventing kelp reestablishment. This remarkable ecosystem highlights the sensitivity of biotic interactions and ecosystem stability to warming and extreme disturbance events.
Effect of thermal ageing of CF8M on multi‐axial ductility and application to fracture toughness prediction
Authors: Jeon J.‐Y. , Kim Y.‐J. , Kim J.‐W. , Lee S.‐Y. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper proposes a method to predict the thermal ageing effect on fracture toughness of CF8M cast stainless steel. The proposed method is based on multi‐axial fracture strain combined with finite element damage analysis to simulate ductile tearing. Multi‐axial fracture strain loci of un‐aged and aged CF8M are determined by analyzing notched bar tensile test. It is shown that the thermal ageing effect on multi‐axial fracture strain loci can be characterized by one constant. It is further shown that J‐resistance curves of un‐aged and aged CF8M can be predicted well from finite element damage analysis using multi‐axial fracture strain loci. Implication of present results to practical application of crack assessment of aged cast stainless steels is discussed.
American College Students Studying Abroad in China: Language, Identity, and Self‐Presentation
Authors: Du Hang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis article reports the results of qualitative analyses of data drawn from monthly informal individual interviews of 29 American college students who were spending one semester studying Mandarin Chinese abroad in a program in China. While some data confirm previous findings that some students' identification as Americans was strengthened during study abroad, data also indicate that students in this study took great pride in their Chinese proficiency, fully embraced their “foreigner identity,” and used it to their advantage. Studying in China did not seem to pose serious threats to this group of students' identity negotiation and self‐presentation. This research supports the call to conduct research regarding learners from a wider range of language backgrounds studying in a broader range of study abroad contexts so as to more fully understand the complexity of study abroad.
Frequency of Migraine Headaches in Patients With Fibromyalgia
Authors: Vij Brinder , Whipple Mary O. , Tepper Stewart J. , Mohabbat Arya B. , Stillman Mark , Vincent Ann 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of migraine headache in a large cohort of patients with fibromyalgia using a brief migraine headache‐screening tool.BackgroundSeveral studies report a high prevalence of fibromyalgia among patients with migraine headaches, but there is a dearth of research evaluating the frequency of migraine headaches in patients with fibromyalgia, despite clinical observations suggesting that migraine headaches are common in patients with fibromyalgia.Design and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study. Patients (N = 3717) with a previous diagnosis of fibromyalgia who were members of the Mayo Clinic Fibromyalgia Registry were contacted by electronic survey and asked to complete a brief demographic and medical history questionnaire and the validated ID‐Migraine screener.ResultsA total of 1730 patients (46.5%) completed the electronic survey. The majority of participants were white (97.2%), female (92.5%), with a mean age of 56.2 (±13.1) years. Of the respondents, 966 (55.8%) met criteria for migraine headaches. Hypertension (309 [32.3%] vs 294 [40.1%], P = .004), asthma (312 [32.5%] vs 189 [25.9%], P = .011), irritable bowel syndrome (520 [54.6%] vs 348 [47.6], P = .017), chronic fatigue syndrome (486 [50.7%] vs 271 [37.1], P < .0001), depression (634 [66.5%] vs 413 [56.7%], P = .0002), anxiety (415 [43.5%] vs 252 [34.7%], P = .0011), and post‐traumatic stress disorder (172 [18.0%] vs 96 [13.2%], P = .006) were all significantly more common in those who met criteria for migraine headaches than those who did not.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that migraine headaches are common in patients with fibromyalgia. Clinicians who care for either population must be aware that these conditions commonly overlap and can significantly increase a patient's cumulative disease burden.
Deciding on the Electoral System: Chile's Adoption of Proportional Representation in 1925
Authors: Gamboa Ricardo , Morales Mauricio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn 1925 a new electoral system was introduced in Chile. This reform changed the electoral formula from a cumulative voting system to a proportional one (d'Hondt) and established new rules about district magnitude and form of voting. It has been argued that this reform was motivated by the emergence of new parties or the expansion of the electorate. This article offers an alternative explanation: in the case of Chile, the main reason for the electoral reform was the parties' need to solve problems of strategic coordination stemming from the characteristics of the Chilean cumulative voting system. In this context, the Chilean case shows that there are many routes to proportionality.
Postpartum sexual health: a principle‐based concept analysis
Authors: O'Malley Deirdre , Higgins Agnes , Smith Valerie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to report an analysis of the concept of postpartum sexual health.BackgroundPostpartum sexual health is a minimally understood concept, most often framed within physical/biological dimensions or as a ‘checklist’ task in postpartum information provision. This has the potential to leave women unprepared to manage transient or normative sexual health changes after childbirth. For meaningful discussions, clarity and understanding of postpartum sexual health is required.DesignA principle‐based method of concept analysis.Data sourcesThe databases of PubMed, CINAHL, Maternity and Infant Care, PsychInfo, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Social Science Index were systematically searched, from their earliest dates, using a combination of key terms, including; ‘sexual health’, ‘sexual function’, ‘dyspareunia’, ‘sexuality’, ‘sexual desire’, ‘sexual dysfunction’, ‘postnatal’ and ‘postpartum’, resulting in a final included dataset of 91 studies.MethodsUsing the principle‐based approach, postpartum sexual health was analysed under the four philosophical principles of epistemological, pragmatic, linguistic and logical.ResultsPhilosophically, postpartum sexual health is underdeveloped as a concept. A precise theoretical definition remains elusive and, presently, postpartum sexual health cannot be separated theoretically from sexuality and sexual function. Identified antecedents include an instrument free birth, an intact perineum and avoidance of episiotomy. Attributes include sexual arousal, desire, orgasm, sexual satisfaction and resumption of sexual intercourse. Outcomes are sexual satisfaction and a satisfying intimate relationship with one's partner.ConclusionPostpartum sexual health is conceptually immature with limited applicability in current midwifery practice.
Mortality among a Cohort of Persons with an Intellectual Disability in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Florio Tony , Trollor Julian 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to compare mortality for people with an intellectual disability (ID) to the general population in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A second objective was to provide mortality data for people with an intellectual disability fromNSWin a standardized format, which allows for international comparisons of the mortality of people with an intellectual disability.Design and settingThe study was a longitudinal cohort study linking retrospective data from the population databases of theNSWDepartment of Ageing, Disability and Home Care (ADHC) Intellectual Disability Services Dataset (intellectual disability cohort) to the mortality data set of theNSWRegistry of Births, Deaths and Marriages (RBDM) for the period 1 June 2005 to 31 December 2011.ParticipantsThe two groups of interest for this study were persons with an intellectual disability recorded in the intellectual disability cohort (953 deaths among 42 219 persons over 270 649 person‐years of observation) and the rest of theNSWpopulation (312 649 deaths among over 7 218 529 persons [2011 population] and 45 818 946 person‐years of observation).Main outcome measuresIn this study, we compared the intellectual disability cohort with the rest of theNSWpopulation using age‐adjusted death rates (ADRs), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and age standardized death rates (ASDRs) based upon the World Health Organization (WHO) standard population.ResultsWe found a significantly higher mortality in a cohort of people with an intellectual disability compared to the rest of theNSWpopulation. The intellectual disability cohort compared to the rest of theNSWpopulation had anSMRof 2.48 for all ages and anSMRof 3.15 for those aged 5–69 years. We also found anSMRfor females (4.26) with an intellectual disability that was significantly higher than that for males (2.52) with an intellectual disability. TheASDRfor the intellectual disability cohort was 4.04 (deaths per 1000) and theASDRfor the rest of theNSWpopulation was 1.58, giving a comparative mortality ratio of 2.55.ConclusionsOur findings indicate excess mortality of people with an intellectual disability when compared to the general population. They also indicate that females with an intellectual disability have a higher relative mortality compared to female same‐aged general population peers, and also males with an intellectual disability, a finding replicated in other similar cohort studies. For international comparison using theWHOstandard population, our intellectual disability cohort (ages 5–69 years) had a mortality of 4.04 deaths per 1000.
Institutional Monitoring: Evidence from the F‐Score
Authors: Chung Chune Young , Liu Chang , Wang Kainan , Zykaj Blerina Bela 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe extant literature shows that institutional investors engage in corporate governance to enhance a firm's long‐term value. Measuring firm performance using the F‐Score, we examine the persistent monitoring role of institutional investors and identify the financial aspects of a firm that institutional monitoring improves. We find strong evidence that long‐term institutions with large shareholdings consistently improve a firm's F‐Score and that such activity occurs primarily through the enhancement of the firm's operating efficiency. Other institutions reduce a firm's F‐Score. Moreover, we find evidence that, while monitoring institutions improve a firm's financial health, transient (followed by non‐transient) institutions trade on this information.
Polypterus and the evolution of fish pectoral musculature
Authors: Wilhelm Benjamin C. , Du Trina Y. , Standen Emily M. , Larsson Hans C. E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPolypterus, a member of the most primitive living group of ray‐finned fishes, has demonstrated the ability to perform fin‐assisted terrestrial locomotion, a behavior that indicates a complex pectoral musculoskeletal system. Review of the literature reveals that many aspects of the pectoral muscular anatomy of Polypterus are still unclear, with a number of conflicting descriptions. We provide a new interpretation of the pectoral musculature using soft tissue‐enhanced microCT scanning and gross anatomical dissection. The results demonstrate a complex musculature, with six independent muscles crossing the glenoid‐fin joint. Comparisons with other bony‐fish (Osteichthyes), including both ray‐finned (Actinopterygii) and lobed‐fin (Sarcopterygii) fish, indicate the presence of novel muscles within Polypterus: coracometapterygialis I+II and the zonopropterygialis medialis. Examination of these muscular additions in the context of osteichthyan phylogeny indicates that this represents a previously unrecognized event in the evolution of pectoral musculature in Osteichthyes. Despite its phylogenetic position as a basal actinopterygian, the musculature of Polypterus has more similarities both anatomically and functionally with that of sarcopterygians. This anatomy, along with other features of Polypterus anatomy such as lobed fins, ventral paired lungs, and a large spiracle, may make it a good model for inferences of stem tetrapod locomotion.
Occipital foramina development involves localised regulation of mesenchyme proliferation and is independent of apoptosis
Authors: Akbareian Sophia E. , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Macharia Raymond G. , McGonnell Imelda M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCranial foramina are holes within the skull, formed during development, allowing entry and exit of blood vessels and nerves. Once formed they must remain open, due to the vital structures they contain, i.e. optic nerves, jugular vein, carotid artery, and other cranial nerves and blood vessels. Understanding cranial foramina development is essential as cranial malformations lead to the stenosis or complete closure of these structures, resulting in blindness, deafness, facial paralysis, raised intracranial pressure and lethality. Here we focus on describing early events in the formation of the jugular, carotid and hypoglossal cranial foramina that form in the mesoderm‐derived, endochondral occipital bones at the base of the embryonic chick skull. Whole‐mount skeletal staining of skulls indicates the appearance of these foramina from HH32/D7.5 onwards. Haematoxylin & eosin staining of sections shows that the intimately associated mesenchyme, neighbouring the contents of these cranial foramina, is initially very dense and gradually becomes sparser as development proceeds. Histological examination also revealed that these foramina initially contain relatively large‐diameter nerves, which later become refined, and are closely associated with the blood vessel, which they also innervate within the confines of the foramina. Interestingly cranial foramina in the base of the skull contain blood vessels lacking smooth muscle actin, which suggests these blood vessels belong to glomus body structures within the foramina. The blood vessel shape also appears to dictate the overall shape of the resulting foramina. We initially hypothesised that cranial foramina development could involve targeted proliferation and local apoptosis to cause ‘mesenchymal clearing’ and the creation of cavities in a mechanism similar to joint cavitation. We find that this is not the case, and propose that a mechanism reliant upon local nerve/blood vessel‐derived restriction of ossification may contribute to foramina formation during cranial development.
Do constraints associated with the locomotor habitat drive the evolution of forelimb shape? A case study in musteloid carnivorans
Authors: Fabre Anne‐Claire , Cornette Raphael , Goswami Anjali , Peigné Stéphane 
Published: May 2015

AbstractConvergence in morphology can result from evolutionary adaptations in species living in environments with similar selective pressures. Here, we investigate whether the shape of the forelimb long bones has converged in environments imposing similar functional constraints, using musteloid carnivores as a model. The limbs of quadrupeds are subjected to many factors that may influence their shape. They need to support body mass without collapsing or breaking, yet at the same time resist the stresses and strains induced by locomotion. This likely imposes strong constraints on their morphology. Our geometric morphometric analyses show that locomotion, body mass and phylogeny all influence the shape of the forelimb. Furthermore, we find a remarkable convergence between: (i) aquatic and semi‐fossorial species, both displaying a robust forelimb, with a shape that improves stability and load transfer in response to the physical resistance imposed by the locomotor environment; and (ii) aquatic and arboreal/semi‐arboreal species, with both groups displaying a broad capitulum. This augments the degree of pronation/supination, an important feature for climbing as well as grasping and manipulation ability, behaviors common to aquatic and arboreal species. In summary, our results highlight how musteloids with different locomotor ecologies show differences in the anatomy of their forelimb bones. Yet, functional demands for limb movement through dense media also result in convergence in forelimb long‐bone shape between diverse groups, for example, otters and badgers.