bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location determinants for emerging market firms
Authors: Jain Naveen K. , Hausknecht Douglas R. , Mukherjee Debmalya 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe paper aims to understand which location determinants are relevant in a subsidiary location decision under the interaction influence of an emerging‐market firm's (EMF) resource and internationalization motives.Design/methodology/approachThe paper prepares a typology of an EMF's resources which are different from those of a developed‐country firm. It proceeds to argue which internationalization motives are likely to work for an EMF endowed with a specific resource. Finally, the paper posits the impact of resource and internationalization motives on the relevance of some location determinants over others in an EMF's location decision matrix.FindingsThe conceptual framework proposes a relationship between EMF resources, internationalization motives and location determinants and prioritizes some location determinant(s) over others for various combinations of EMF resource and internationalization motives.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to the literature by proposing a unique typology of EMF resources. The overall framework informs the scholars about the importance of idiosyncratic resources as the basis of differential location decisions.Practical implicationsThis article presents a guiding framework for multinational managers to assess optimum location decisions on the basis of idiosyncratic firm resources and internationalization motives.Originality/valueThe paper fills a scholarly gap by proposing a framework that relates firm resources and internationalization motives to location determinants. In the process, the paper also proposes a resource typology for resources unique to EMFs.
Product market advertising effects on the method of payment in M&A
Authors: Devos Erik , Elliott William B. , Karim Mohammad A. 
Published: February 2013

PurposePrior literature suggests that managers have an incentive to increase stock prices prior to stock‐based acquisitions. This article aims to examine if there is any relationship between product market advertising and method of payments in mergers.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the hypotheses the paper uses ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions and regressions based on a propensity score matching approach, which controls for the possibility that differences in firm characteristics are driving the results.FindingsThe paper finds that managers of firms that use stock to finance bids increase advertising intensity in the pre‐merger period and find that advertising is high prior to stock‐based mergers, relative to that of cash‐based acquirers. It also finds that managerial ownership in stock based acquiring firms is positively related to pre‐merger advertising intensity.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this paper examines whether stock‐based acquirers increase their advertising intensity in the pre‐merger period to gain economic benefit it does not discuss in detail through which mechanism advertising affects stock price.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a new perspective on the relationship between product market advertising of the acquirer and the method of payment in mergers. The results shown in this paper may motivate investors of the target firms to re‐evaluate the acquirers offer if the medium of payment is acquirers own stock.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge this paper is the first to document the link between advertising prior to a merger and the method of payment used in that merger.
Effects of perceived employee emotional competence on customer satisfaction and loyalty
Authors: Delcourt Cécile , Gremler Dwayne D. , van Riel Allard C.R. , van Birgelen Marcel 
Published: February 2013

PurposeDuring service encounters, it has been suggested that emotionally competent employees are likely to succeed in building rapport with their customers, which in turn often leads to customer satisfaction and loyalty. However, these relationships have not been empirically examined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of customer perceived employee emotional competence (EEC) on satisfaction and loyalty. The paper also examines how and to what extent rapport mediates these effects.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the theory of affect‐as‐information, suggesting that emotions inform human behavior, the paper develops a structural model and tests it on a sample of 247 customers in a personal service setting.FindingsCustomer perceptions of EEC positively influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Rapport partially mediates both effects.Practical implicationsThe extent to which customers perceive employees as emotionally competent is related to the development of rapport, customer satisfaction, and loyalty. Managers of high‐contact services should therefore pay attention to emotional competence when hiring new employees, and/or encourage and train existing employees to develop this type of competence.Originality/valuePrevious studies have used employee self‐reports or supervisor reports of EEC, both of which have significant limitations when used in service encounters to predict customer outcomes. Furthermore, they essentially capture an employee's potential to behave in an emotionally competent way while service managers are interested in the actual display of emotionally competent behaviors as perceived by customers. Accordingly, to overcome these issues, this study adopts a customer perspective of EEC and uses customer perceptions of EEC to predict customer outcome.
Enterprise in the American West
Authors: MacLaren Andrew C. , Young Mark E. , Lochrie Sean 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore commercial hospitality enterprise and its impact on settlement development in the American West during the 1800s, focussing on the story of the Fanthorp Inn in Texas, USA.Design/methodology/approachThe paper outlines the theory relating to entrepreneurial opportunity and applies it to the historical case of the Fanthorp Inn, Texas, USA. The methodological approach of the paper is based on an in‐depth study into the development of one tavern using multiple sources of evidence.FindingsFirst, opportunity on the frontier was controlled to the extent that it became objective in the Kirznerian sense. Second, commercial hospitality enterprise was used as a vehicle for settlement development in frontier America.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is limited by its use of one case study and the scarcity of sources of historical evidence. Further studies could engage with different examples of frontier hospitality businesses and develop the method further.Practical implicationsThe paper provides deeper understanding of settlement development in the American West during the 1800s and supplies a methodological framework with which further organisational research can engage with historical sources of data. The findings also suggest that opportunity exists relative to its context.Originality/valueThe paper explores hospitality as a context for entrepreneurial activity in the American West and uses a historical case study method.
Customers' attitude towards technology based services provided by select Indian banks
Authors: Singh Jaspal , Kaur Parminderjit 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to determine the factors that lead to satisfaction of the customers as regards to e‐banking services provided by selected banks in India.Design/methodology/approachSurvey method was used to conduct the study. Data were collected through a well structured questionnaire from a sample of 350 respondents.FindingsAs a major finding of the study, six factors namely ease of use, reliability, convenient accessibility, security, low transaction cost and the time consumption emerged as factors that lead to customer satisfaction as regards e‐banking services. Further, the results of multiple regression showed that out of the above mentioned six factors, three factors, namely, ease of use (i.e. user friendly web sites leading to easy technology‐customer interaction), low transaction cost (i.e. saving of time, speed of service delivery, convenience and reduced paper work in monetary terms) and security (i.e. dependable safety mechanism in terms of illegal access of accounts, hacking and password protection) are found to be statistically significant at 5 percent significance level.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has a regional bias since the respondents belong to a single state of northern India. To have better generalisation of the results, a sample size could be made appropriately large and a wider geographical area be covered.Practical implicationsTaking findings of the study into consideration, strategies could be drawn by the bankers to spread their businesses as a large chunk of the population in India is still not using banking services. Through internet, however, access could be provided to customers residing in remote areas of the country.Originality/valueThe study is quite helpful for the policy makers in comprehending the attitude of banking customers towards e‐banking services provided by the banks and for developing appropriate strategies for placing themselves at competitively advantageous positions.
EU regulation and the development of mobile and broadband services
Authors: Cawley Richard A. 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the recent performance of European Union (EU) telecommunications policy in the context of the policy aims set out in the original green paper of 1987. It also aims to consider some problems encountered in applying the regulatory rules to interconnection, mobile roaming and broadband.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on economic and institutional analysis undertaken in 2007, complemented with monitoring of the EU policy response and empirical evidence until 2012.FindingsThe paper finds that, despite the success of the regulatory reform of 2003, the EU has encountered problems in dealing with a few “big ticket” policy items via its market reviews. The difficulties stem from a mix of factors, including poor methodological design and an erroneous assumption that effective competition is feasible in all market segments. Three main avenues for improvement are suggested, whilst retaining the basic structure of the cycle of market reviews.Originality/valueThe paper draws on theory, as well as empirical and institutional evidence over two decades, to highlight some flaws in dealing with some key telecommunications policy issues in the EU. It is of value to policy makers, industry analysts and academics.
Foreign market selection by Russian MNEs – beyond a binary approach?
Authors: Annushkina Olga E. , Trinca Colonel Renata 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the internationalization of Russian multinationals by critically challenging existing assumptions about “springboard” foreign market selection by emerging market firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors studied foreign market selection decisions for 497 international merger and acquisition (M&A) and joint venture (JV) deals completed by Russian multinational enterprises (MNEs) between 1997 and 2009. The statistical model tests the impact of the geographic, political and economic distances of the host country from Russia on Russian MNEs' foreign market selection decisions.FindingsContrary to existing assumptions, the host country's geographic closeness to Russia, and its being an ex‐USSR republic or a tax haven, positively affected the country's probability of attracting an M&A or JV deal by a Russian MNE, while the similar level of economic development did not significantly influence the MNEs' foreign market selection decisions. The patterns of significance among the explanatory variables vary for Russian MNEs operating in the natural resources industries.Research limitations/implicationsFurther studies may extend the observation period, enlarge the database with Greenfield and export deals by Russian MNEs, and add cross‐country cultural distances to the explanatory variables.Practical implicationsRussian managers should consider the “distances” that might influence firms' foreign investment decisions. This paper also allows host country governments willing to formulate policies aimed at the attraction of Russian outward foreign direct investments to obtain a better understanding of Russian MNEs' international strategies.Originality/valueOne of the few quantitative studies on the topic, this research suggests that Russian MNEs choose their own means of foreign market selection, combining gradual and leapfrog approaches to internationalization.
My city – my brand: the different roles of residents in place branding
Authors: Braun Erik , Kavaratzis Mihalis , Zenker Sebastian 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper deals with the importance of residents within place branding. The aim of this paper is to examine the different roles that residents play in the formation and communication of place brands and explores the implications for place brand management.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on theoretical insights drawn from the combination of the distinct literatures on place branding, general marketing, tourism, human geography, and collaborative governance. To support its arguments, the paper discusses the participation of citizens in governance processes as highlighted in the urban governance literature as well as the debate among marketing scholars over participatory marketing and branding.FindingsThe paper arrive at three different roles played by the residents: as an integral part of the place brand through their characteristics and behavior; as ambassadors for their place brand who grant credibility to any communicated message; and as citizens and voters who are vital for the political legitimization of place branding. These three roles make the residents a very significant target group of place branding.Originality/valueResidents are largely neglected by place branding practice and their priorities are often misunderstood, even though they are not passive beneficiaries but are active partners and co‐producers of public goods, services and policies. This paper highlights that only meaningful participation and consultation can produce a more effective and sustainable place branding strengthening the brand communication and avoiding the pitfall of developing “artificial” place brands.
Early‐career outcomes and gender: can educational interventions make a difference?
Authors: Langowitz Nan S. , Elaine Allen I. , Godwyn Mary 
Published: February 2013

PurposeExtant research studies document gender differences in career outcomes for middle and advanced career stages. The purpose of this study is to examine potential gender differences in early‐career success with a particular focus on whether educational intervention might mediate any potential differences.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data for recent business college alumni were analyzed using descriptive techniques, linear regression and logistic modeling; the response rate was 25 percent and all data were self‐reported. Both objective and subjective measures were used to assess outcomes. A priori, given similar educational training and expectations for managerial careers, we should expect to find similar early‐career progress regardless of gender.FindingsDifferences are apparent out of the starting gate for women in early‐career stages compared with their male counterparts, by both objective and subjective measures. Results also suggest an opportunity to improve outcomes through educational interventions. Limitations of the findings include the use of self‐reported data and a modest response rate.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study highlight the importance that integrated leadership development programs may play in supporting women's early‐career success and the need to advise young women to negotiate more assertively for salary and leadership opportunity at the immediate start of their careers. For educational institutions, the findings suggest that concerted focus on support for women students' development may enhance their early‐career outcomes.Originality/valueBy focusing on early‐career outcomes, the paper seeks to contribute to the gender and careers literature by highlighting results that may set up the patterns seen among women in mid‐career and senior level managerial careers. In addition, the paper demonstrates the educational interventions may be of value in reducing the impact of stereotype threat on women's career outcomes.
The effective factors in organizational entrepreneurship climate
Authors: Marzban Shirmorad , Mohammad Moghimi Seyed , Ramezan Majid 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the effective factors in organizational entrepreneurship in the University of Tehran.Design/methodology/approachThe research population was the middle managers of the University of Tehran (n=131) and 97 of these managers were selected as a sample. The research tool was the standard questionnaire designed by Hornsby, Zahra and Kouratko. In addition, to determine the reliability of different sections of questionnaire, Cronbach's coefficientαwas used (0/701 to 0/917). The data were analyzed by using the LISREL software.FindingsThe results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the management support, freedom of operation and work discretion/autonomy, reward and reinforcement, organizational boundaries and time availability have positive and meaningful impacts on the entrepreneurship climate of the University of Tehran.Originality/valueAs limited studies have been carried out on identifying the effective factors in organizational entrepreneurship in the academic culture, the findings of this study will be useful in identifying and assessing the main components of entrepreneurship in the research and training centers.
Applicability of 1D and 2.5D marine controlled source electromagnetic modelling
Authors: Tehrani Ali Moradi , Slob Evert 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTWe present two‐and‐a‐half dimensional (2.5D) and three‐dimensional (3D) integral equation modelling of the marine controlled source electromagnetic method. We implement 2.5D modelling using a point source and a two‐dimensional reservoir and compare the results with point source responses from one‐dimensional and three‐dimensional reservoir models. These methods are based on an electric field domain integral equation formulation. We show how the 2.5D method performs in terms of both accuracy and computing speed with different configurations. We compare the results from 1D, 2.5D and 3D modelling, for a symmetrically placed reservoir and the in‐line acquisition configuration, as a function of different reservoir sizes in the cross‐line direction, thickness and for different frequencies and depths. Depending on the model’s parameters 2.5D modelling can be considered as an accurate and fast method for marine controlled source electromagnetic acquisition optimization and interpretation. If the thickness of the reservoir is less than one fifth of the skin depth of the embedding and if the depth of the reservoir is two or more times the skin depth of the embedding, the largest amplitude difference between two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional reservoirs is less than 10% when the source is above the centre of the reservoir. In this paper we discuss supporting examples with different configurations, where the 2.5D results lead to an optimistic detection estimate. Phase differences between 2.5D and 3D modelling are even smaller and the 2.5D solution can be used to assess the ability to detect the reservoir with a given acquisition configuration.
Sustaining recreational quality of European lakes: minimizing the health risks from algal blooms through phosphorus control
Authors: Carvalho Laurence , McDonald Claire , de Hoyos Caridad , Mischke Ute , Phillips Geoff , Borics Gábor , Poikane Sandra , Skjelbred Birger , Solheim Anne Lyche , Van Wichelen Jeroen , Cardoso Ana Cristina 
Published: February 2013

Summary

A safe, clean water supply is critical for sustaining many important ecosystem services provided by freshwaters. The development of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and reservoirs has a major impact on the provision of these services, particularly limiting their use for recreation and water supply for drinking and spray irrigation. Nutrient enrichment is thought to be the most important pressure responsible for the widespread increase in cyanobacterial blooms in recent decades. Quantifying how nutrients limit cyanobacterial abundance in lakes is, therefore, a key need for setting robust targets for the management of freshwaters.

Using a data set from over 800 European lakes, we highlight the use of quantile regression modelling for understanding the maximum potential capacity of cyanobacteria in relation to total phosphorus (TP) and the use of a range of quantile responses, alongside World Health Organisation (WHO) health alert thresholds for recreational waters, for setting robust phosphorus targets for lake management in relation to water use.

The analysis shows that cyanobacteria exhibit a nonlinear response to phosphorus with the sharpest increase in cyanobacterial abundance occurring in the TP range from about 20 μg L−1 up to about 100 μg L−1.

The likelihood of exceeding the World Health Organisation (WHO) ‘low health alert’ threshold increases from about 5% exceedance at 16 μg L−1 to 40% exceedance at 54 μg L−1. About 50% of the studied lakes remain below this WHO health alert threshold, irrespective of high summer TP concentrations, highlighting the importance of other factors affecting cyanobacteria population growth and loss processes, such as high flushing rate.

Synthesis and applications. Developing a more quantitative understanding of the effect of nutrients on cyanobacterial abundance in freshwater lakes provides important knowledge for restoring and sustaining a safe, clean water supply for multiple uses. Our models can be used to set nutrient targets to sustain recreational services and provide different levels of precaution that can be chosen dependent on the importance of the service provision.
Genome-wide investigation of cellular targets and mode of action of the antifungal bacterial metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Troppens Danielle M. , Dmitriev Ruslan I. , Papkovsky Dmitri B. , O'Gara Fergal , Morrissey John P. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a proven model to investigate the effects of small molecules and drugs on fungal and eukaryotic cells. In this study, the mode of action of an antifungal metabolite, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG), was determined. Applying a combination of genetic and physiological approaches, it was established that this bacterial metabolite acts as a proton ionophore and dissipates the proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane. The uncoupling of respiration and ATP synthesis ultimately leads to growth inhibition and is the primary toxic effect of DAPG. A genome-wide screen identified 154 DAPG-tolerant mutants and showed that there are many alterations in cellular metabolism that can confer at least some degree of tolerance to this uncoupler. One mutant, ydc1, was studied in some more detail as it displayed increased tolerance to both DAPG and the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and appears to be unconnected to other tolerant mutant strains. Deleting YDC1 alters sphingolipid homoeostasis in the cell, and we suggest here that this may be linked to reduced drug sensitivity. Sphingolipids and their derivatives are important eukaryotic signal molecules, and the observation that altering homoeostasis may affect yeast response to metabolic uncoupling agents raises some intriguing questions for future studies.