bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional genomics of intraspecific variation in carbon and phosphorus kinetics in Daphnia
Authors: Roy Chowdhury Priyanka , Lopez Jacqueline A. , Weider Lawrence J. , Colbourne John K. , Jeyasingh Punidan D. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how the genome interacts with the environment to produce a diversity of phenotypes is a central challenge in biology. However, we know little about how traits involved in nutrient processing interact with key ecological parameters, such as the supply of mineral nutrients, particularly in animals. The framework of ecological stoichiometry uses information on the content of key elements such as carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in individuals to predict the success of species. Nevertheless, intraspecific variation in content and the underlying mechanisms that generate such variation has been poorly explored. We studied two genotypes (G1 and G2) of Daphnia pulex that exhibit striking genotype × environment (G × E) interaction in response to shifts in dietary stoichiometry (C:P). G1 had higher fitness under C:P ∼ 100 diet, while G2 performed better in C:P ∼ 800. Dual 14C/33P radiotracer assays show that G1 was more efficient in C processing, while G2 was more efficient in P use. Microarrays revealed that after 3 days of incubation, the genotypes differentially expressed ∼25% (7,224) of the total genes on the array under C:P ∼ 100 diet, and ∼30% (8,880) of genes under C:P ∼ 800. These results indicate large differences in C and P use between two coexisting genotypes. Importantly, such physiological differences can arise via differential expression of the genome due to alterations in dietary stoichiometry. Basic frameworks such as ecological stoichiometry enable integration of physiological and transcriptomic data, and represent initial steps toward understanding the interplay between fundamental ecological parameters such as nutrient supply and important evolutionary processes such as G × E interactions. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 387–398, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimizing flying‐spot display designs based on the upcoming edition of the laser safety standard
Authors: Heussner Nico , Bogatscher Siegwart , Stork Wilhelm 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe evaluation concept of the laser safety standard International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 60825 for scanning‐beam projectors is presented. The most important parameters are identified as well as the impact of the expected changes to the laser safety standard IEC 60825 Edition 2. Vital differences are pointed out, and the maximum permissible output power for class 2 lasers is discussed in detail. In special focus is the case of two pulses falling into the aperture within the thermal confinement time, because this is one of the major scenarios being affected by the revision. It is shown that the upcoming third edition of the standard allows significantly more power for flying‐spot projectors, and finally, we provide a quick way to determine the permitted laser power depending on typical design parameters.
The past, present, and future of telemedicine for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Achey Meredith , Aldred Jason L. , Aljehani Noha , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Biglan Kevin M. , Chan Piu , Cubo Esther , Ray Dorsey E. , Goetz Christopher G. , Guttman Mark , Hassan Anhar , Khandhar Suketu M. , Mari Zoltan , Spindler Meredith , Tanner Caroline M. , van den Haak Pieter , Walker Richard , Wilkinson Jayne R. ,   on behalf of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Telemedicine Task Force
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTTravel distance, growing disability, and uneven distribution of doctors limit access to care for most Parkinson's disease (PD) patients worldwide. Telemedicine, the use of telecommunications technology to deliver care at a distance, can help overcome these barriers. In this report, we describe the past, present, and likely future applications of telemedicine to PD. Historically, telemedicine has relied on expensive equipment to connect single patients to a specialist in pilot programs in wealthy nations. As the cost of video conferencing has plummeted, these efforts have expanded in scale and scope, now reaching larger parts of the world and extending the focus from care to training of remote providers. Policy, especially limited reimbursement, currently hinders the growth and adoption of these new care models. As these policies change and technology advances and spreads, the following will likely develop: integrated care networks that connect patients to a wide range of providers; education programs that support patients and health care providers; and new research applications that include remote monitoring and remote visits. Together, these developments will enable more individuals with PD to connect to care, increase access to expertise for patients and providers, and allow more‐extensive, less‐expensive participation in research. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Connective tissue growth factor and β‐catenin constitute an autocrine loop for activation in rat sarcomatoid mesothelioma
Authors: Jiang Li , Yamashita Yoriko , Chew Shan‐Hwu , Akatsuka Shinya , Ukai Shun , Wang Shenqi , Nagai Hirotaka , Okazaki Yasumasa , Takahashi Takashi , Toyokuni Shinya 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to the formerly widespread use of asbestos, malignant mesothelioma (MM) is increasingly frequent worldwide. MM is classified into epithelioid (EM), sarcomatoid (SM), and biphasic subtypes. SM is less common than EM but is recognized as the most aggressive type of MM, and these patients have a poor prognosis. To identify genes responsible for the aggressiveness of SM, we induced EM and SM in rats, using asbestos, and compared their transcriptomes. Based on the results, we focused on connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), whose expression was significantly increased in SM compared with EM; EM itself exhibited an increased expression of Ctgf compared with normal mesothelium. Particularly in SM, Ctgf was a major regulator of MM proliferation and invasion through activation of the β‐catenin–TCF–LEF signalling pathway, which is autocrine and formed a positive feedback loop via LRP6 as a receptor for secreted Ctgf. High Ctgf expression also played a role in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in MM. Furthermore, Ctgf is a novel serum biomarker for both early diagnosis and determining the MM prognosis in rats. These data link Ctgf to SM through the LRP6–GSK3β–β‐catenin–TCF–Ctgf autocrine axis and suggest Ctgf as a therapeutic target. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plant species diversity and forage quality as affected by pasture management and simulated cattle activities
Authors: Yoshihara Yu , Okada Miya , Sasaki Takehiro , Sato Shusuke 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGrazed pastures have been historically used in Japan for animal production with little concern to biodiversity. However, pasturing has significant effects on biodiversity and productivity because it produces gaps in the distribution of vegetation due to animal activities. We hypothesized that different grazing activities would have effects on the diversity of plant species and forage quality in different ways and that the sward type would modify these effects. Therefore, we attempted to predict the diversity of plant species and changes in total nutrient content per area at the time since treatment on the basis of simulations of cattle activities in three pastures with different vegetation compositions. We created three ground types (grazed areas, cleared ground, and undisturbed areas) in three pastures (improved, partially improved semi‐natural, and semi‐natural pasture) and recorded the percentage cover of each plant within the plots. We repeatedly calculated the biodiversity indices from these community data by varying the sampling probabilities for each ground type, which provided us with the expected species diversity indices with the changing proportions of each ground type. Furthermore, we investigated the dry matter and forage qualities. For improved and partially improved semi‐natural pasture, our models predicted that plant diversity increased as a saturating function of the proportion of cleared ground and grazed area relative to the undisturbed area, although our models also showed exponential curves for the semi‐natural pasture. Forage samples from cleared ground plots and semi‐natural pasture had the lowest forage quality among all pastures. Based on the predicted effects of cattle pasturing on the plant species biodiversity and forage quality, it may be more beneficial to maintain a small proportion of cleared ground in the improved pasture during intensive grazing.
Plasma-based proteomics reveals lipid metabolic and immunoregulatory dysregulation in post-stroke depression
Authors: Zhan Y. , Yang Y.-T. , You H.-M. , Cao D. , Liu C.-Y. , Zhou C.-J. , Wang Z.-Y. , Bai S.-J. , Mu J. , Wu B. , Zhan Q.-L. , Xie P. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground:Post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common psychiatric complication facing stroke survivors and has been associated with increased distress, physical disability, poor rehabilitation, and suicidal ideation. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PSD remain unknown, and no objective laboratory-based test is available to aid PSD diagnosis or monitor progression.Methods:Here, an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic approach was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins in plasma samples obtained from PSD, stroke, and healthy control subjects.Results:The significantly differentiated proteins were primarily involved in lipid metabolism and immunoregulation. Six proteins associated with these processes – apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA-IV), apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II), C-reactive protein (CRP), gelsolin, haptoglobin, and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG) – were selected for Western blotting validation. ApoA-IV expression was significantly upregulated in PSD as compared to stroke subjects. ApoC-II, LRG, and CRP expression were significantly downregulated in both PSD and HC subjects relative to stroke subjects. Gelsolin and haptoglobin expression were significantly dysregulated across all three groups with the following expression profiles: gelsolin, healthy control > PSD > stroke subjects; haptoglobin, stroke > PSD > healthy control.Conclusions:Early perturbation of lipid metabolism and immunoregulation may be involved in the pathophysiology of PSD. The combination of increased gelsolin levels accompanied by decreased haptoglobin levels shows promise as a plasma-based diagnostic biomarker panel for detecting increased PSD risk in post-stroke patients.
The digital age: is this the future of medical education? A cross-sectional study to assess medical students’ opinions about e-learning in psychiatry undergraduate medical education
Authors: Mullins D. , Jabbar F. , Fenlon N. , Murphy K. C. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesThe main objectives were to assess medical students’ opinions about e-learning in psychiatry undergraduate medical education, and to investigate a possible relationship between learning styles and preferences for learning modalities.MethodDuring the academic year 2009/2010, all 231 senior Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) medical students in their penultimate year of study were invited to answer a questionnaire that was posted online on Moodle, the RCSI virtual learning environment.ResultsIn all, 186 students responded to the questionnaire, a response rate of 80%. Significantly more students stated a preference for live psychiatry tutorials over e-learning lectures. Students considered flexible learning, having the option of viewing material again and the ability to learn at one’s own pace with e-learning lectures, to be more valuable than having faster and easier information retrieval.ConclusionStudents prefer traditional in-class studying, even when they are offered a rich e-learning environment. Understanding students’ learning styles has been identified as an important element for e-learning development, delivery and instruction, which can lead to improved student performance.
Clinical stability in the community associated with long-term approved leave under the Mental Health Act 2001
Authors: Bainbridge E. , Byrne F. , Hallahan B. , McDonald C. 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionWe present the case of a 27-year-old man with a background diagnosis of treatment resistant schizophrenia and absent insight who for the last 3 years has been residing in a high support residential setting on approved leave under the Mental Health Act (MHA) 2001. The case demonstrates how this man achieved clinical stability in the community with the assistance of long-term involuntary admission under the MHA 2001, in contrast to the previous years of his illness in which he had suffered multiple relapses of his psychotic illness with ssociated distress, poor self-care and repeated in-patient re-admissions. We discuss the equivalent use of community treatment orders in other jurisdictions and how the judicious use of approved leave under the MHA 2001 may be used as an alternative in Ireland where community treatment orders are not currently available.MethodCase Report.ConclusionThe case report highlights how the use of long-term approved leave under the MHA2001 may be used as alternative in Ireland to mimic CTOs for certain difficult to treat patients with psychotic illness who would benefit from ongoing treatment, but lack capacity to engage in such treatment due to persistent symptoms and lack of insight.
Opposition control within the resolvent analysis framework
Authors: Luhar M. , Sharma A. S. , McKeon B. J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper extends the resolvent analysis of McKeon & Sharma (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 658, 2010, pp. 336–382) to consider flow control techniques that employ linear control laws, focusing on opposition control (Choi, Moin & Kim,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 262, 1994, pp. 75–110) as an example. Under this formulation, the velocity field for turbulent pipe flow is decomposed into a series of highly amplified (rank-1) response modes, identified from a gain analysis of the Fourier-transformed Navier–Stokes equations. These rank-1 velocity responses represent propagating structures of given streamwise/spanwise wavelength and temporal frequency, whose wall-normal footprint depends on the phase speed of the mode. Opposition control, introduced via the boundary condition on wall-normal velocity, affects the amplification characteristics (and wall-normal structure) of these response modes; a decrease in gain indicates mode suppression, which leads to a decrease in the drag contribution from that mode. With basic assumptions, this rank-1 model reproduces trends observed in previous direct numerical simulation and large eddy simulation, without requiring high-performance computing facilities. Further, a wavenumber–frequency breakdown of control explains the deterioration of opposition control performance with increasing sensor elevation and Reynolds number. It is shown that slower-moving modes localized near the wall (i.e. attached modes) are suppressed by opposition control. Faster-moving detached modes, which are more energetic at higher Reynolds number and more likely to be detected by sensors far from the wall, are further amplified. These faster-moving modes require a phase lag between sensor and actuator velocity for suppression. Thus, the effectiveness of opposition control is determined by a trade-off between the modes detected by the sensor. However, it may be possible to develop control strategies optimized for individual modes. A brief exploration of such mode-optimized control suggests the potential for significant performance improvement.
An instruction-based analysis ofover
Authors: COL GILLES , POIBEAU THIERRY 
Published: May 2014

abstractMany studies in cognitive linguistics have analyzed the semantics ofover, notably the semantics associated withoveras a preposition. Most of them generally conclude thatoveris polysemic and that this polysemy is to be described thanks to a semantic radial network, showing the relationships between the different meanings of the word. What we would like to suggest, to the contrary, is that the meanings ofoverare highly dependent on the utterance context in which its occurrences are embedded, and consequently that the meaning ofoveritself is under-specified, rather than polysemic. Moreover, to provide a more accurate account of the apparently wide range of meanings ofoverin context, we ought to take into account the other uses of this unit: as an adverb and particle, and not only as a preposition. In this paper, we provide a corpus-based description ofoverwhich leads us to propose a monosemic definition.
PROHIBITIONS ON ASSIGNMENT: A CHOICE TO BE MADE
Authors: Tolhurst G.J. , Carter J.W. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn recent years two views have developed as to the efficacy of prohibitions on the assignment of contractual rights. One view, “the property view”, dictates that such prohibitions characterise contractual rights as choses in action and robs them of their transferable nature. Another view, “the contract view”, dictates that such prohibitions operate only at the level of contract and cannot prevent the equitable assignment of the benefit of a contract. Both views have judicial and academic support. The view that is ultimately adopted will have important implications for contract drafting and the law of assignment. This paper explains both views and puts forward an argument for adopting the property view.
Variation within a Greek-Cypriot community of practice in London: Code-switching, gender, and identity
Authors: Finnis Katerina A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe past two decades have seen an explosion of interest in interactionally orientated perspectives on identity. The Community of Practice framework was employed by sociolinguists working within this paradigm because it firmly grounds identity in social practice seeing it as aprocessthat speakers engage in during actual interactions. Interest in variationwithincommunities of practice is growing, as the well-boundedness of linguistic and social concepts (including identity and language) is increasingly questioned. The current article develops this perspective by exploring code-switching practices of British-born Greek-Cypriots in two distinct contexts: community meetings and a dinner. Findings indicate that this community of practice does not constitute a uniform entity: complex interactions transpire between local and global variables including gender, community-specific setups, contexts, and discourse types. The study also problematizes the conceptscoreandperiphery, used to describe variation within communities of practice, offering a revised understanding ofpractice,which focuses onsilent participation. (Code-switching, community of practice, Greek-Cypriot, gender, identity, individual variation)
Signed languages and sociopolitical formation: The case of “contributing to society” through Hồ Chí Minh City Sign Language
Authors: Cooper Audrey C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClaims about signed languages present a unique resource for examining sociopolitical formation and change. Examining three claims drawn from original ethnographic data on Hồ Chí Minh City Sign Language, analysis centers on the ways language practices and language ideologies reflect, respond to, and impact sociopolitical formation in Việt Nam, particularly in connection to state restructuring of deaf education during the political reform period (1986 to present). Signer narratives evaluate such circumstances in relation to notions of citizenship, national development, and social participation to posit signed language as the basis for Deaf people's contributions to national development and broader social change. Articulations between signed language and sociopolitical formation have been largely ignored within mainstream social science disciplines and global disability-oriented development, hindering theoretical and practical projects. This article aims to expand the theoretical scope of language-centered inquiry by demonstrating how ethnographic research on signed languages contributes to examination of sociopolitical formation. (Signed language, Việt Nam, deaf education, sociopolitical, citizenship)*
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Cognition in Older, Non-demented African Americans
Authors: Hamilton Jamie L. , Brickman Adam M. , Lang Rosalyn , Byrd Goldie S. , Haines Jonathan L. , Pericak-Vance Margaret A. , Manly Jennifer J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognition in older adults has primarily come from studies of clinically depressed, functionally impaired or cognitively impaired individuals, and in predominately White samples. Limited minority representation in depression research exposes the need to examine these associations in more ethnic/racially diverse populations. We sought to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognition in a sample of non-demented older African Americans recruited from surrounding U.S. cities of New York, Greensboro, Miami, and Nashville (N=944). Depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Cognition was evaluated with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Test scores were summarized into attention, executive function, memory, language, and processing speed composites. Controlling for age, education, reading level, and sex, African American older adults who endorsed more symptoms obtained significantly lower scores on measures of memory, language, processing speed, and executive functioning. Further investigation of the causal pathway underlying this association, as well as potential mediators of the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive test performance among older African Americans, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, may offer potential avenues for intervention. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–8)
Maternal prenatal attitudes and postnatal breast-feeding behaviours in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Yu Elaine A , Thomas Joan S , Owais Aatekah , Tirmizi Noor , Faruque ASG , Das Sumon K , Rahman Shahed , Schwartz Benjamin , Stein Aryeh D 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the relationships between maternal breast-feeding intention, attitudes, self-efficacy and knowledge at 7 months’ gestation with exclusive or full breast-feeding at 3months postpartum.DesignProspective cohort study with structured home interviews during pregnancy and 3 months after delivery.SettingTwo rural sub-districts of Kishoreganj district, Bangladesh.SubjectsMother–infant dyads.ResultsOver 80 % of 2178 pregnant women intended to exclusively breast-feed (EBF). Maternal positive attitudes, self-efficacy and knowledge about breast-feeding were positively associated with EBF intention (allP<0·05). All mothers except one reported initiating breast-feeding and 99·6 % of children were still breast-fed at 3 months. According to 24 h dietary recalls, we categorized 985 (45·2 %) infants as EBF at 3 months (47·8 % among mothers with EBF intention; 31·7 % among mothers with no EBF intention;P<0·05) and 551 (25·3 %) infants as predominantly breast-fed at 3 months (24·2 % among mothers with EBF intention; 30·8 % among mothers with no EBF intention;P<0·05). Prenatal EBF intention was associated with EBF (OR=1·48, 95 % CI 1·14, 1·91) and with full breast-feeding (OR=1·34, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·72) at age 3 months. EBF at age 3months was not associated with maternal breast-feeding knowledge, attitudes or self-efficacy.ConclusionsDespite widespread expressed maternal EBF intention and universal breast-feeding initiation, prevalence of both exclusive and full breast-feeding at 3months remains lower than WHO recommendations. EBF intention predicts breast-feeding behaviours, suggesting the importance of prenatal counselling to improve infant feeding behaviours.