bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening for Delirium Using Family Caregivers: Convergent Validity of the Family Confusion Assessment Method and Interviewer‐Rated Confusion Assessment Method
Authors: Steis Melinda R. , Evans Lois , Hirschman Karen B. , Hanlon Alexandra , Fick Donna M. , Flanagan Nina , Inouye Sharon K. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo explore agreement between the Family Confusion Assessment Method (FAM‐CAM) for delirium identification and interviewer‐rated CAM delirium ratings.DesignExploratory analysis of agreement.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsFifty‐two family caregivers and 52 elderly adults with preexisting impairment according to standardized cognitive testing.MeasurementsThe interviewer‐rating for delirium was determined by fulfillment of the CAM algorithmResultsThe total sample included 52 paired CAM:FAM‐CAM assessments completed across 52 dyads of elderly adults with preexisting cognitive impairment and family caregivers. The point prevalence of delirium was 13% (7/52). Characteristics did not differ significantly between the groups with and without delirium. The FAM‐CAM questions that mapped directly to the original four‐item CAM algorithm had the best overall agreement with the interviewer‐rated CAM (kappa = 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.65–1.0), sensitivity of 88% (95% CI = 47–99%), and specificity of 98% (95% CI = 86–100%).ConclusionThe FAM‐CAM is a sensitive screening tool for detection of delirium in elderly adults with cognitive impairment using family caregivers, with relevance for research and clinical practice.
Herniation of the small intestine through the femoral canal after castration in a 3‐year‐oldThoroughbred
Authors: Torre F. , Gasparin J. , Bassi Andreasi M. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryComplications following castration are a potential problem in equine practice. Intestinal evisceration is a life‐threatening condition requiring immediate correction. The following case report describes a rare condition associated with post castration evisceration in a 3‐year‐oldThoroughbred. Shortly after the eviscerated small intestine was repositioned in the abdomen, the horse showed signs of colic and at the second surgery a 4.5 m jejunal loop was found incarcerated in the femoral canal. After resection and anastomosis, the femoral canal was obliterated using large moistened gauze sponges. The horse made a complete recovery and returned to race training. The occurrence of femoral hernia, a condition fairly common in man, has been described but no clinical cases have been reported in horses. This is a severe, although rare, complication after castration.
Treatment of porcine donor cells and reconstructed embryos with the antioxidant melatonin enhances cloning efficiency
Authors: Pang Yun‐Wei , An Lei , Wang Peng , Yu Yong , Yin Qiu‐Dan , Wang Xiao‐Hong , Xin‐Zhang   , Qian‐Zhang   , Yang Mei‐Ling , Min‐Guo   , Wu Zhong‐Hong , Tian Jian‐Hui 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of melatonin during the culture of donor cells and cloned embryos on the in vitro developmental competence and quality of cloned porcine embryos. At concentrations of 10−6 m or 10−8 m, melatonin significantly enhanced the proliferation of porcine fetal fibroblasts (PFFs), and the blastocyst rate was significantly increased in the 10−10 m melatonin‐treated donor cell group. Cloned embryo development was also improved in embryo culture medium that was supplemented with 10−9 m or 10−12 m melatonin. When both donor cells and cloned embryos were treated with melatonin, the cleavage rate and total cell number of blastocysts were not significantly affected; however, the blastocyst rate was increased significantly (20.0% versus 11.7%). TUNEL assays showed that combined melatonin treatment reduced the rate of apoptotic nuclei (3.6% versus 6.1%). Gene expression analysis of the apoptosis‐related genes BAX, BCL2L1, and p53 showed that the expression of BCL2L1 was significantly elevated 2.7‐fold relative to the control group, while the expression of BAX and p53 was significantly decreased by 3.7‐fold and 23.2‐fold, respectively. In addition, we detected the expression of two melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2) in PFFs but not in porcine cloned embryos. We conclude that exogenous melatonin enhances the development of porcine cloned embryos and improves embryo quality by inhibiting p53‐mediated apoptotic pathway. The proliferation of PFFs may be mediated by receptor binding, but the beneficial effects of melatonin on embryonic development may be receptor‐independent, possibly through melatonin's ability to directly scavenge free radicals.
Serum melatonin levels and antioxidant capacities after consumption of pineapple, orange, or banana by healthy male volunteers
Authors: Sae‐Teaw Manit , Johns Jeffrey , Johns Nutjaree Pratheepawanit , Subongkot Suphat 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMelatonin is a naturally occurring molecule biosynthesized by the pineal gland of vertebrates; it also has been identified in many plants. It is considered an important antioxidant and may retard the development of some neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Previous studies in humans have measured melatonin metabolites in urine and have indicated that melatonin‐containing foods may provide dietary melatonin. This study tested whether the consumption of fruits or fruit juice containing melatonin would influence the serum melatonin concentration and antioxidant status. In this crossover study, 12 healthy male volunteers took either juice extracted from one kilogram of orange or pineapple or two whole bananas, with a 1‐wk washout period between the fruit or fruit juices. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay was used to determine the serum melatonin concentration. Serum antioxidant capacity was determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The highest serum melatonin concentration was observed at 120 min after fruit consumption, and compared with before consumption levels, their values were significantly increased for pineapple (146 versus 48 pg/mL P = 0.002), orange (151 versus 40 pg/mL, P = 0.005), and banana (140 versus 32 pg/mL, P = 0.008), respectively. Serum antioxidant capacity following fruit consumption also significantly increased in both the FRAP (7–14% increase, P ≤ 0.004) and ORAC (6–9% increase, P = 0.002) assays. Both the serum FRAP and ORAC values strongly correlated with serum melatonin concentration for all three fruits. These findings suggest that tropical fruit consumption increases the serum melatonin concentrations and also raises the antioxidant capacity in the serum of healthy volunteers in proportion to serum melatonin levels.
Increased inflammatory biomarkers in early pregnancy is associated with the development of pre‐eclampsia in patients with periodontitis: a case control study
Authors: Chaparro A. , Sanz A. , Quintero A. , Inostroza C. , Ramirez V. , Carrion F. , Figueroa F. , Serra R. , Illanes S. E. 
Published: October 2012

Aim(s)To explore the relationship between biomarkers of systemic inflammation in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid in early pregnancy and the subsequent development of pre‐eclampsia in patients with periodontitis.Materials and MethodsA case‐control study was performed. From a cohort composed of 126 pregnant women, 43 normotensive healthy pregnant women were randomly selected, and 11 cases of preeclampsia were identified. Plasmatic and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected in early pregnancy (11–14 wk gestation). The levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) were measured in the plasma and GCF samples, whereas the level of C‐reactive protein (CRP) was measured in plasma samples. Biomarkers were determined by ELISA assays. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, and the association between variables was estimated through logistic regression models.ResultsThere was observed an association between pre‐eclampsia and plasmatic levels of CRP (OR: 1.07; p = 0.003). Additionally, pre‐eclampsia also was associated with IL‐6 levels in GCF samples in early pregnancy (OR: 1.05; p = 0.039). A multiple logistic regression model suggests that increased levels of IL‐6 in GCF (OR = 1.06; p = 0.02; CI 95% 1.007–1.117) in early pregnancy increase the risk of developing pre‐eclampsia.Conclusion(s)Pregnant women with periodontitis who later development pre‐eclampsia, shows increased levels of IL‐6 in GCF and CRP in plasma during early pregnancy. Periodontal disease could contribute to systemic inflammation in early pregnancy via a local increase of IL‐6 and the systemic elevation of CRP. Therefore, both inflammatory markers could be involved in the relationship between periodontal disease and pre‐eclampsia.
PilT2 enhances the speed of gonococcal type IV pilus retraction and of twitching motility
Authors: Kurre Rainer , Höne Andrea , Clausen Martin , Meel Claudia , Maier Berenike 
Published: October 2012

SummaryType IV pilus (T4P) dynamics is important for various bacterial functions including host cell interaction, surface motility, and horizontal gene transfer. T4P retract rapidly by depolymerization, generating large mechanical force. The gene that encodes the pilus retraction ATPase PilT has multiple paralogues, whose number varies between different bacterial species, but their role in regulating physical parameters of T4P dynamics remains unclear. Here, we address this question in the human pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which possesses two pilT paralogues, namely pilT2 and pilU. We show that the speed of twitching motility is strongly reduced in a pilT2 deletion mutant, while directional persistence time and sensitivity of speed to oxygen are unaffected. Using laser tweezers, we found that the speed of single T4P retraction was reduced by a factor of ≈ 2 in a pilT2 deletion strain, whereas pilU deletion showed a minor effect. The maximum force and the probability for switching from retraction to elongation under application of high force were not significantly affected. We conclude that the physical parameters of T4P are fine‐tuned through PilT2.
Inhibition of Marburg Virus Budding by Nonneutralizing Antibodies to the Envelope Glycoprotein
Authors: Kajihara Masahiro , Marzi Andrea , Nakayama Eri , Noda Takeshi , Kuroda Makoto , Manzoor Rashid , Matsuno Keita , Feldmann Heinz , Yoshida Reiko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Takada Ayato 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe envelope glycoprotein (GP) of Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) is responsible for virus entry into host cells and is known as the only target of neutralizing antibodies. While knowledge about EBOV-neutralizing antibodies and the mechanism for the neutralization of infectivity is being accumulated gradually, little is known about antibodies that can efficiently regulate MARV infectivity. Here we show that MARV GP-specific monoclonal antibodies AGP127-8 (IgG1) and MGP72-17 (IgM), which do not inhibit the GP-mediated entry of MARV into host cells, drastically reduced the budding and release of progeny viruses from infected cells. These antibodies similarly inhibited the formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of GP, the viral matrix protein, and nucleoprotein, whereas the Fab fragment of AGP127-8 showed no inhibitory effect. Morphological analyses revealed that filamentous VLPs were bunched on the surface of VLP-producing cells cultured in the presence of the antibodies. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of the antibody-mediated inhibition of MARV budding, in which antibodies arrest unformed virus particles on the cell surface. Our data lead to the idea that such antibodies, like classical neutralizing antibodies, contribute to protective immunity against MARV and that the “classical” neutralizing activity is not the only indicator of a protective antibody that may be available for prophylactic and therapeutic use.
Infection and Propagation of Human Rhinovirus C in Human Airway Epithelial Cells
Authors: Hao Weidong , Bernard Katie , Patel Nita , Ulbrandt Nancy , Feng Hui , Svabek Catherine , Wilson Susan , Stracener Christina , Wang Kathy , Suzich JoAnn , Blair Wade , Zhu Qing 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) was recently discovered using molecular diagnostic techniques and is associated with lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in children. HRV-C cannot be propagated in immortalized cell lines, and currently sinus organ culture is the only system described that is permissive to HRV-C infection
ex vivo
. However, the utility of organ culture for studying HRV-C biology is limited. Here, we report that a previously described HRV-C derived from an infectious cDNA, HRV-C15, infects and propagates in fully differentiated human airway epithelial cells but not in undifferentiated cells. We demonstrate that this differentiated epithelial cell culture system supports infection and replication of a second virus generated from a cDNA clone, HRV-C11. We show that HRV-C15 virions preferentially bind fully differentiated airway epithelial cells, suggesting that the block to replication in undifferentiated cells is at the step of viral entry. Consistent with previous reports, HRV-C15 utilizes a cellular receptor other than ICAM-1 or LDLR for infection of differentiated epithelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HRV-C15 replication can be inhibited by an HRV 3C protease inhibitor (rupintrivir) but not an HRV capsid inhibitor previously under clinical development (pleconaril). The HRV-C cell culture system described here provides a powerful tool for studying the biology of HRV-C and the discovery and development of HRV-C inhibitors.
Development and validation of a new method for the registration of overuse injuries in sports injury epidemiology: the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC) Overuse Injury Questionnaire
Authors: Clarsen Benjamin , Myklebust Grethe , Bahr Roald 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundCurrent methods for injury registration in sports injury epidemiology studies may substantially underestimate the true burden of overuse injuries due to a reliance on time-loss injury definitions.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a new method for the registration of overuse injuries in sports.MethodsA new method, including a new overuse injury questionnaire, was developed and validated in a 13-week prospective study of injuries among 313 athletes from five different sports, cross-country skiing, floorball, handball, road cycling and volleyball. All athletes completed a questionnaire by email each week to register problems in the knee, lower back and shoulder. Standard injury registration methods were also used to record all time-loss injuries that occurred during the study period.ResultsThe new method recorded 419 overuse problems in the knee, lower back and shoulder during the 3-month-study period. Of these, 142 were classified as substantial overuse problems, defined as those leading to moderate or severe reductions in sports performance or participation, or time loss. Each week, an average of 39% of athletes reported having overuse problems and 13% reported having substantial problems. In contrast, standard methods of injury registration registered only 40 overuse injuries located in the same anatomical areas, the majority of which were of minimal or mild severity.ConclusionStandard injury surveillance methods only capture a small percentage of the overuse problems affecting the athletes, largely because few problems led to time loss from training or competition. The new method captured a more complete and nuanced picture of the burden of overuse injuries in this cohort.
Use of cardiocerebral resuscitation or AHA/ERC 2005 Guidelines is associated with improved survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Salmen Marcus , Ewy Gordon A , Sasson Comilla 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether the use of cardiocerebral resuscitation (CCR) or AHA/ERC 2005 Resuscitation Guidelines improved patient outcomes from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared to older guidelines.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library databases. We also hand-searched study references and consulted experts.Study selectionDesign: randomised controlled trials and observational studies.PopulationOHCA patients, age >17 years.Comparators‘Control’ protocol versus ‘Study’ protocol. ‘Control’ protocol defined as AHA/ERC 2000 Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). ‘Study’ protocol defined as AHA/ERC 2005 Guidelines for CPR, or a CCR protocol.OutcomeSurvival to hospital discharge.QualityHigh-quality or medium-quality studies, as measured by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale using predefined categories.ResultsTwelve observational studies met inclusion criteria. All the three studies using CCR demonstrated significantly improved survival compared to use of AHA 2000 Guidelines, as did five of the nine studies using AHA/ERC 2005 Guidelines. Pooled data demonstrate that use of a CCR protocol has an unadjusted OR of 2.26 (95% CI 1.64 to 3.12) for survival to hospital discharge among all cardiac arrest patients. Among witnessed ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT) patients, CCR increased survival by an OR of 2.98 (95% CI 1.92 to 4.62). Studies using AHA/ERC 2005 Guidelines showed an overall trend towards increased survival, but significant heterogeneity existed among these studies.ConclusionsWe demonstrate an association with improved survival from OHCA when CCR protocols or AHA/ERC 2005 Guidelines are compared to use of older guidelines. In the subgroup of patients with witnessed VF/VT, there was a threefold increase in OHCA survival when CCR was used. CCR appears to be a promising resuscitation protocol for Emergency Medical Services providers in increasing survival from OHCA. Future research will need to be conducted to directly compare AHA/ERC 2010 Guidelines with the CCR approach.
X.25 implementation the untold story
Authors: Cohen K. L. , Levy R. P. 
Published: October 2012

CCITT Recommendation X.25 specifies an access protocol for the interface between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment for terminals operating in the packet mode on public data networks. The recommendation is written from the Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment's point of view. All of the internal implementation is left up to the designer.
This paper describes some of the packet level issues that were encountered during the design and implementation of a packet switch; some solutions are given. Although some of these issues are general and pertain to other protocols, some are specific to Recommendation X.25. Issues covered are: what are the network actions when buffers are depleted; how is a permanent virtual circuit set up; what is done when the remote side of a permanent virtual circuit goes out of order; and what strategy should be taken for internal coupling of the network endpoints.
Description, simulation and implementation of communication protocols using PDIL
Authors: Ansart J. P. , Chari V. , Neyer M. , Rafiq O. , Simon D. 
Published: October 2012

This paper presents the basis of PDIL, a language designed for specifying protocols and services and allowing automatic implementation. The main objectives of the language are unambiguous description, simulation and automatic implementation. The first part presents the objects that PDIL allows to manipulate : machines, channels, contexts, automata, interactions. The second part gives an overview of a PDIL description unit in its language aspect. This paper also introduces general ideas about the description of simulation and automatic implementation of protocols or services.
This work is largely based on the present result of subgroups A and B of ISO/SC16/WG1/FDT with significant extensions.
X.25 interface to MARKLINK® terminal
Authors: Rao K. V. S. 
Published: October 2012

MARKLINK Terminal (MLT) is a Distributed Data Processing system on the General Electric Information Services Company (GEISCO) network. The GEISCO network is a hierarchical network with the file systems at one end and the terminals at the other. The terminals are connected to the network via remote devices.
The MLT X.25 interface connects the MLT to the remote device, Network Gateway, via the Public Data Network. To be cost effective, all the users of an MLT are multiplexed over a single virtual circuit. The interrupt and the clear processes are flow controlled using Network Control Data Packets. MLT initiates, communicates and terminates the communication sessions with the GEISCO network by exchanging the Network Control Data Packets and the User Data Packets. The Network Control Data Packets extend some of the network control functions to the MLT.
Targeting Tumor Cell Invasion and Dissemination In Vivo by an Aptamer That Inhibits Urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator through a Novel Multifunctional Mechanism
Authors: Botkjaer Kenneth A. , Deryugina Elena I. , Dupont Daniel M. , Gårdsvoll Henrik , Bekes Erin M. , Thuesen Cathrine K. , Chen Zhou , Ploug Michael , Quigley James P. , Andreasen Peter A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Data accumulated over the latest two decades have established that the serine protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a potential therapeutic target in cancer. When designing inhibitors of the proteolytic activity of serine proteases, obtaining sufficient specificity is problematic, because the topology of the proteases' active sites are highly similar. In an effort to generate highly specific uPA inhibitors with new inhibitory modalities, we isolated uPA-binding RNA aptamers by screening a library of 35 nucleotides long 2′-fluoro-pyrimidine RNA molecules using a version of human pro-uPA lacking the epidermal growth factor-like and kringle domains as bait. One pro-uPA–binding aptamer sequence, referred to as upanap-126, proved to be highly specific for human uPA. Upanap-126 delayed the proteolytic conversion of human pro-uPA to active uPA, but did not inhibit plasminogen activation catalyzed by two-chain uPA. The aptamer also inhibited the binding of pro-uPA to uPAR and the binding of vitronectin to the preformed pro-uPA/uPAR complex, both in cell-free systems and on cell surfaces. Furthermore, upanap-126 inhibited human tumor cell invasion in vitro in the Matrigel assay and in vivo in the chick embryo assay of cell escape from microtumors. Finally, upanap-126 significantly reduced the levels of tumor cell intravasation and dissemination in the chick embryo model of spontaneous metastasis. Together, our findings show that usage of upanap-126 represents a novel multifunctional mechanistic modality for inhibition of uPA-dependent processes involved in tumor cell spread. Mol Cancer Res; 10(12); 1532–43. ©2012 AACR.
PPARγ Agonists Target Aromatase Via Both PGE2 and BRCA1
Authors: Margalit Ofer , Wang Dingzhi , DuBois Raymond N. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Obesity is a well-recognized risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. Although the underlying mechanisms are not clearly defined, aromatase is thought to play a pivotal role in connecting obesity-associated inflammation with postmenopausal breast cancer. It has been well established that both the proinflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the BRCA1 tumor-suppressor gene regulate aromatase expression. In this issue of the journal (beginning on p. 1183), Subbaramaiah and colleagues improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ inhibits aromatase expression. They found that pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, inhibited aromatase expression by inhibition of PGE2 signaling and upregulation of BRCA1. Their findings provide potential targets for preventing or treating obesity-related breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 5(10); 1169–72. ©2012 AACR.