bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breastfeeding Patterns in Preterm Infants Born at 28-33 Gestational Weeks
Authors: Oras Paola , Blomqvist Ylva Thernström , Nyqvist Kerstin Hedberg , Gradin Maria , Rubertsson Christine , Hellström-Westas Lena , Funkquist Eva-Lotta 
Published: May 2015

Background: Studies of breastfeeding patterns during preterm infants’ first year of life are scarce but are important for providing breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants with optimal support. Objective: This study aimed to describe breastfeeding patterns in preterm infants up to 1 year of corrected age. Methods: As part of a larger study on kangaroo mother care in Sweden, a 24-hour breastfeeding diary was sent home after discharge from hospital, and at 2, 6, and 12 months of the infant’s corrected age. Eighty-three mothers responded to the follow-up questionnaires, and the number of respondents to the breastfeeding diary was 48 at discharge, 43 at 2 months, 22 at 6 months, and 8 at 12 months. Infants were born at a median (range) gestational age of 32 (28-33) weeks. Breastfeeding patterns were analyzed according to durations, frequencies per 24 hours, and intervals between sessions. Results: In exclusively breastfed infants, the median (range) breastfeeding session frequency was 14 (8-26) times per 24 hours including 4 (1-9) times per night after discharge (n = 24) and 10 (6-25) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-5) times per night at 2 months (n = 23). In partially breastfed infants, the median (range) frequency was 5 (1-14) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-4) times per night at 6 months (n = 20) and 5.5 (1-12) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-3) times per night at 12 months (n = 8). Conclusion: Mothers reported large variations in breastfeeding patterns, with higher median breastfeeding session frequencies than previously described in term infants in affluent settings.
Total cost and cost predictors in systemic lupus erythematosus – 8-years follow-up of a Swedish inception cohort
Authors: Jönsen A , Bengtsson A A , Hjalte F , Petersson I F , Willim M , Nived O 
Published: May 2015

Objective To study the annual direct and indirect costs in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and how age, disease manifestations, disease activity, and organ damage influence total costs and predicted costs for SLE. Methods Clinical data on all patients with a diagnosis of SLE living in a defined area in southern Sweden during eight years were linked to health authority registries and the social insurance system which contain data on cost. Cost data on four matched population controls for each patient were also extracted. The controls were matched for age, sex, and area of residence. Results Data from 127 patients with SLE and 508 population controls were extracted. The mean annual total cost for SLE patients was SEK 180,520 ($30,093); the highest costs were found in the subgroup with nephritis SEK 229,423 ($38,246). The total costs for the patient group were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) compared to the population controls of SEK 59,985 ($10,000). Of the total costs, 72% were due to indirect costs, 3% to SLE-specific pharmaceuticals, and the remaining 25% were in- and outpatient related costs. During the study period, inpatient days decreased by 60%, while outpatient contacts increased by 25%. Age (inverse relation), increasing disease activity, and acquired organ damage were significant predictors of total costs (all p < 0.05). Conclusion The total annual costs for unselected SLE patients were found to be three times those for matched population controls. Important predictors of total costs were found.
Boundaries of confidentiality in nursing care for mother and child in HIV programmes
Authors: Våga Bodil Bø , Moland Karen Marie , Blystad Astrid 
Published: May 2015

Background: Confidentiality lies at the core of medical ethics and is the cornerstone for developing and keeping a trusting relationship between nurses and patients. In the wake of the HIV epidemic, there has been a heightened focus on confidentiality in healthcare contexts. Nurses’ follow-up of HIV-positive women and their susceptible HIV-exposed children has proved to be challenging in this regard, but the ethical dilemmas concerning confidentiality that emerge in the process of ensuring HIV-free survival of the third party – the child – have attracted limited attention. Objective: The study explores challenges of confidentiality linked to a third party in nurse–patient relationships in a rural Tanzanian HIV/AIDS context. Study context: The study was carried out in rural and semi-urban settings of Tanzania where the population is largely agro-pastoral, the formal educational level is low and poverty is rife. The HIV prevalence of 1.5% is low compared to the national prevalence of 5.1%. Methods: Data were collected during 9 months of ethnographic fieldwork and consisted of participant observation in clinical settings and during home visits combined with in-depth interviews. The main categories of informants were nurses employed in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV programmes and HIV-positive women enrolled in these programmes. Ethical considerations: Based on information about the study aims, all informants consented to participate. Ethical approval was granted by ethics review boards in Tanzania and Norway. Findings and discussion: The material indicates a delicate balance between the nurses’ attempt to secure the HIV-free survival of the babies and the mothers’ desire to preserve confidentiality. Profound confidentiality-related dilemmas emerged in actual practice, and indications of a lack of thorough consideration of the implication of a patient’s restricted disclosure came to light during follow-up of the HIV-positive women and the third party – the child who is at risk of HIV infection through mother’s milk. World Health Organization’s substantial focus on infant survival (Millennium Development Goal-4) and the strong calls for disclosure among the HIV-positive are reflected on in the discussion.
Response to the crisis and gender segregation in Turkey’s labour market
Authors: Yücel Yelda 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study addresses the effectiveness of the fiscal stimulus package announced by the Turkish government in 2009 in terms of its particular gendered outcomes, with a special emphasis on employment policies. Through an analysis of the package’s components and the policies of the Public Employment Agency of Turkey (Iskur), this article demonstrates the public sector’s reluctance to take a leading role in generating employment and the insufficiency of its efforts in addressing the stated goal of increasing women’s employment. Active and passive employment policies in Turkey are instead shown to be accommodating the country’s gender-segregated labour markets and discrimination against women.
Detection of 5-fluorouracil surface contamination in near real time
Authors: Smith Jerome P , Sammons Deborah L , Pretty Jack R , Kurtz Kristine S , Robertson Shirley A , DeBord D Gayle , Connor Thomas H , Snawder John E 
Published: May 2015

Objectives Contamination of workplace surfaces by antineoplastic drugs presents an exposure risk for healthcare workers. Traditional instrumental methods to detect contamination such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are sensitive and accurate but expensive and incapable of producing results in real time. This limits their utility in preventing worker exposure. We are currently developing monitors based on lateral flow immunoassay that can detect drug contamination in near real time. In this report, we describe the laboratory performance of a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) monitor. Methods The monitor was evaluated by spiking ceramic, vinyl, composite, stainless steel, and glass surfaces of 100 cm2 area with 5-FU masses of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng. The surface was sampled with a wetted cotton swab, the swab was extracted with buffer, and the resulting solution was applied to a lateral flow monitor. Two ways of evaluating the response of these monitors were used: an electronic method where a lateral flow reader was used for measuring line intensities, and a visual method where the intensity of the test line was visually compared to the control line. Results The 5-FU monitor is capable of detecting 10 ng/100 cm2 (0.1 ng/cm2) using the electronic reader and 25 ng/100 cm2 (0.25 ng/cm2) using the visual comparison method for the surfaces studied. The response of the monitors was compared to LC-MS/MS results for the same samples for validation and there was good correlation of the two methods but some differences in absolute response, especially at higher spiking levels for the surface samples.
Pegfilgrastim use and bone pain: a cohort study of community-based cancer patients
Authors: Pawloski Pamala A , Larsen Mitch , Thoresen Assel , Giordana Monique D 
Published: May 2015

Purpose Bone pain is a common adverse effect of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factors filgrastim and pegfilgrastim. However, the incidence of reported bone pain varies and therapies to mitigate this adverse effect are limited to case reports and one randomized controlled trial. The purpose of this study was to describe pegfilgrastim use, the incidence and treatment of bone pain, and rate of severe or febrile neutropenia among cancer patients receiving pegfilgrastim at a metropolitan, hospital-based, community cancer center. Methods This retrospective chart review included the first 100 adult oncology patients who received at least one dose of pegfilgrastim from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2012. Descriptive analyses were used to evaluate the primary and secondary outcomes. Results Of the identified cases, 69 cancer patients were evaluable. Most patients (74%) received pegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis. Pegfilgrastim-associated bone pain occurred in 19% and loratadine was the most common medication used to treat it. Among the patients who received pegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis, 8% were hospitalized for febrile neutropenia. Among those hospitalized for febrile neutropenia, 64% had not received pegfilgrastim for primary prophylaxis. Conclusions Pegfilgrastim is commonly used for primary prophylaxis during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Hospitalizations for febrile neutropenia occurred most commonly among patients without primary prophylaxis. Pegfilgrastim-associated bone pain occurred in a similar percentage, as reported in randomized controlled trials but less than that reported by survey. Loratadine was the most commonly employed medication to mitigate this adverse effect.
Case study of multiple trace transform implementations
Authors: Besard Tim , De Sutter Bjorn , Frías-Velázquez Andrés , Philips Wilfried 
Published: May 2015

Scientific algorithms are designed and implemented in a variety of programming languages. Depending on the exact application, some languages are a better choice than others: some offer a productive environment while others focus on performance. Selecting a language is often difficult, with poor choices resulting in much higher development times. By implementing a case study algorithm in multiple programming languages, we compare their pros and cons. As a case study, we selected the trace transform, an image processing algorithm from the widely used class of integral transforms. We describe each implementation, including a highly optimized version for NVIDIA graphics processing units, and present a productivity overview and an in-depth performance analysis, from which we draw more generic conclusions. We have found that MATLAB is still the best choice overall, but Julia proves an interesting emerging choice. For realistic images, our compute unified device architecture (CUDA) implementation offers the best performance, albeit at a high development cost.
Crescentic Back Cut
Authors: Nasseri Eiman , Murray Christian 
Published: May 2015

Background: Facial reconstruction requires the use of various techniques to repair cutaneous defects. Sliding flaps, such as advancement and rotation flaps, typically result in tension alterations and skin redundancy, necessitating a secondary defect. Objective: We describe a back cut technique that allows minimization of the scar line and appropriate placement of tension vectors in certain locations, which we call the crescentic back cut. Methods: A patient with a surgical defect on his preauricular cheek is repaired by use of a rotation flap modified with a crescentic back cut. We briefly review the alternative methods for management of flap/defect discrepancies in rotation flaps. Results: The crescentic back cut is simple to suture, can be adjusted in length and thickness to minimize pedicle transection, and keeps the scar short and within the relaxed skin tension lines. Conclusion: The crescentic back cut is a useful option to manage flap/defect discrepancies in rotation flaps.
Wnt5a attenuates hypoxia-induced pulmonary arteriolar remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in mice
Authors: Jin Yuling , Wang Wang , Chai Sanbao , Liu Jie , Yang Ting , Wang Jun 
Published: May 2015

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), which is characterized by pulmonary arteriolar remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy, is still a life-threatening disease with the current treatment strategies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of HPH remain unclear. Our previously published study showed that Wnt5a, one of the ligands in the Wnt family, was critically involved in the inhibition of hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by downregulation of β-catenin/cyclin D1 in vitro. In this study, we investigated the possible functions and mechanisms of Wnt5a in HPH in vivo. Recombinant mouse Wnt5a (rmWnt5a) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was administered to male C57/BL6 mice weekly from the first day to the end of the two or four weeks after exposed to hypoxia (10% O2). Hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension was associated with a marked increase in β-catenin/cyclin D1 expression in lungs. Right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricular hypertrophy index were reduced in animals treated with rmWnt5a compared with PBS. Histology showed less pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in the group treated with rmWnt5a than with PBS. Treatment with rmWnt5a resulted in a concomitant reduction in β-catenin/cyclin D1 levels in lungs. These data demonstrate that Wnt5a exerts its beneficial effects on HPH by regulating pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in a manner that is associated with reduction in β-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling. A therapy targeting the β-catenin/cyclin D1 signaling pathway might be a potential strategy for HPH treatment.
Midfoot Charcot Neuroarthropathy in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Raspovic Katherine M. , Hobizal Kimberlee B. , Rosario Bedda L. , Wukich Dane K. 
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) and diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) are serious complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) that can result in infection, hospitalization, amputation, and have been shown to negatively affect quality of life (QOL). To the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in the literature that have specifically compared QOL in patients with diabetic CN without DFU to a group of patients with diabetic CN and concurrent DFU. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported assessments of QOL in patients with CN to a group of patients with CN and concomitant midfoot ulceration. Materials and Methods. We compared a group of 35 diabetic patients with midfoot CN and no ulcer to a group of 22 diabetic patients with midfoot CN and concurrent DFU. Self-reported outcome was assessed using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Results. No significant differences were found when comparing the 2 groups utilizing the SF-36 and FAAM with the exception that CN patients without foot ulcers had lower mean scores on the Bodily Pain Subscale. Both groups demonstrated negative impact on physical QOL and lower extremity function to a greater degree than mental QOL. Conclusion. The presence of ulceration does not appear to significantly impact QOL in patients with CN when compared to patients with CN without ulceration. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level III: Case control
Claw Toe Deformity of the Foot due to Foreign Body Granuloma
Authors: Bhowmick Kaushik , Matthai Thomas , Nesaraj Jerry , Jepegnanam Thilak S. 
Published: May 2015

We present a case of dynamic claw deformity of the right third toe due to a foreign body granuloma adhering to the flexor digitorum longus (FDL) tendon at the level of the body of the metacarpal bone. The deformity was completely corrected after removal of the granuloma and lengthening of the FDL tendon. A 25-year-old woman presented with pain and claw deformity of the right third toe, which corrected with ankle plantar flexion. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging suggested the presence of foreign body granuloma of the right FDL tendon at the level of body of third metacarpal bone. On removal of the granuloma and Z plasty of the FDL tendon, there was complete correction of the claw. In the reported literature, claw deformity is seen with compartment syndrome or ankle fractures due to fixed length phenomenon or checkrein deformity of the flexor tendons usually at the level of medial part of the ankle. Here, we present a case of checkrein claw deformity of the FDL tendon due to a foreign body granuloma. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case study
A Short-Term Retrospective of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Using a Plate With PocketLock Fixation
Authors: Gross Christopher E. , Bei Chaoyong , Gay Tenaja , Parekh Selene G. 
Published: May 2015

Background. Various techniques have been described for arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the results of fixation for the first MTP arthrodesis of patients treated using dome-shaped reamers to prepare the joint surfaces and a novel MTP Plate with PocketLock fixation. Methods. Between July 2012 and November 2013, 16 feet in 16 patients were treated with a first MTP arthrodesis with a MTP Plate with PocketLock fixation. The mean patient age was 58.8 years (range, 46-82 years). Physical and radiographic examinations were performed at follow-up visits. The average follow-up period was 17.3 months. The radiographs were examined for union (3 bridging cortices), time to union, hardware failure, or other radiographic complications. The charts were reviewed to assess AOFAS-MTP-IP (American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal) scores and postoperative complications. Results. Fusion was seen in 11 of 16 feet (68.8%) and partial union in 1 patient (6.3%). Five nonunions (31.2%) were noted in the sample group: All were symptomatic and required revision surgery. No malunions were identified in our sample. One hardware failure was documented in a nonunion patient. The mean time to osseous union was 81.7 ± 15.9 days. The preoperative AOFAS MTP-IP score was 55.6 and the postoperative score was 64.7. Conclusion. The high nonunion and revision surgery rates demonstrate that this particular plate should be used with caution for a first MTP joint arthrodesis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
The PI3K/mTOR inhibitor PF-04691502 induces apoptosis and inhibits microenvironmental signaling in CLL and the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model
Authors: Blunt Matthew D. , Carter Matthew J. , Larrayoz Marta , Smith Lindsay D. , Aguilar-Hernandez Maria , Cox Kerry L. , Tipton Thomas , Reynolds Mark , Murphy Sarah , Lemm Elizabeth , Dias Samantha , Duncombe Andrew , Strefford Jonathan C. , Johnson Peter W. M. , Forconi Francesco , Stevenson Freda K. , Packham Graham , Cragg Mark S. , Steele Andrew J. 
Published: May 2015

Key PointsPF-04691502 induces potent apoptosis in CLL cells and suppresses prosurvival anti–immunoglobulin M signaling and CXCL12-induced migration. PF-04691502 displays powerful antitumor effects in vivo in the Eμ-TCL1 mouse model.
CCR5 susceptibility to ligand-mediated down-modulation differs between human T lymphocytes and myeloid cells
Authors: Fox James M , Kasprowicz Richard , Hartley Oliver , Signoret Nathalie 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
CCR5 is a chemokine receptor expressed on leukocytes and a coreceptor used by HIV-1 to enter CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. Stimulation of CCR5 by chemokines triggers internalization of chemokine-bound CCR5 molecules in a process called down-modulation, which contributes to the anti-HIV activity of chemokines. Recent studies have shown that CCR5 conformational heterogeneity influences chemokine-CCR5 interactions and HIV-1 entry in transfected cells or activated CD4+ T lymphocytes. However, the effect of CCR5 conformations on other cell types and on the process of down-modulation remains unclear. We used mAbs, some already shown to detect distinct CCR5 conformations, to compare the behavior of CCR5 on in vitro generated human T cell blasts, monocytes and MDMs and CHO-CCR5 transfectants. All human cells express distinct antigenic forms of CCR5 not detected on CHO-CCR5 cells. The recognizable populations of CCR5 receptors exhibit different patterns of down-modulation on T lymphocytes compared with myeloid cells. On T cell blasts, CCR5 is recognized by all antibodies and undergoes rapid chemokine-mediated internalization, whereas on monocytes and MDMs, a pool of CCR5 molecules is recognized by a subset of antibodies and is not removed from the cell surface. We demonstrate that this cell surface–retained form of CCR5 responds to prolonged treatment with more-potent chemokine analogs and acts as an HIV-1 coreceptor. Our findings indicate that the regulation of CCR5 is highly specific to cell type and provide a potential explanation for the observation that native chemokines are less-effective HIV-entry inhibitors on macrophages compared with T lymphocytes.
Th17 polarization of memory Th cells in early arthritis: the vasoactive intestinal peptide effect
Authors: Jimeno Rebeca , Leceta Javier , Garín Marina , Ortiz Ana M , Mellado Mario , Rodríguez-Frade Jose Miguel , Martínez Carmen , Pérez-García Selene , Gomariz Rosa P , Juarranz Yasmina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Several studies in humans indicate the implication of Th17 cells in RA. Therapies targeting their pathogenicity, as well as their plasticity to the Th17/1 phenotype, could ameliorate the progression of the pathology. The neuroendocrine environment has a major impact on the differentiation of lymphoid cells. VIP is present in the microenvironment of the joint, and its known therapeutic effects are supported by several studies on RA. We examine the ability of VIP to modulate the differentiation of Th17 cells. Peripheral blood CD4+CD45RO+ T cells from HD and eRA patients were expanded under Th17-polarizing conditions in the presence of TGF-β. After 7 days, the higher IL-17A, IL-21, and IL-9 levels and lower IL-22 levels indicate the nonpathogenic profile for Th17 cells in HD. In contrast, Th17 cells from eRA patients produced significantly more IL-22 and IFN-γ, and these cells show a more Th17/1 profile, indicating a pathogenic phenotype. Interestingly, when VIP was present in the Th17 conditioned medium, increased levels of IL-10 and IL-9 were detected in HD and eRA patients. VIP also reduced the levels of IL-22 in eRA patients. These data suggest that VIP reduces the pathogenic profile of the Th17-polarized cells. This effect was accompanied by an increased in the Treg/Th17 profile, as shown by the increase levels of Foxp3. In conclusion, this report addresses a novel and interesting question on the effect of VIP on human Th17 cells and adds clinical relevance by analyzing, in parallel, HD and eRA patients.