bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light-sheet Bayesian microscopy enables deep-cell super-resolution imaging of heterochromatin in live human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Hu Ying S , Zhu Quan , Elkins Keri , Tse Kevin , Li Yu , Fitzpatrick James A J , Verma Inder M , Cang Hu 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Heterochromatin in the nucleus of human embryonic cells plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. The architecture of heterochromatin and its dynamic organization remain elusive because of the lack of fast and high-resolution deep-cell imaging tools. We enable this task by advancing instrumental and algorithmic implementation of the localization-based super-resolution technique.

Results
We present light-sheet Bayesian super-resolution microscopy (LSBM). We adapt light-sheet illumination for super-resolution imaging by using a novel prism-coupled condenser design to illuminate a thin slice of the nucleus with high signal-to-noise ratio. Coupled with a Bayesian algorithm that resolves overlapping fluorophores from high-density areas, we show, for the first time, nanoscopic features of the heterochromatin structure in both fixed and live human embryonic stem cells. The enhanced temporal resolution allows capturing the dynamic change of heterochromatin with a lateral resolution of 50-60 nm on a time scale of 2.3 s.

Conclusion
Light-sheet Bayesian microscopy opens up broad new possibilities of probing nanometer-scale nuclear structures and real-time sub-cellular processes and other previously difficult-to-access intracellular regions of living cells at the single-molecule, and single cell level.
Child of the Fire
Authors: Buick Kirsten 
Published: November 2013

Child of the Fire is the first book-length examination of the career of the nineteenth-century artist Mary Edmonia Lewis, best known for her sculptures inspired by historical and biblical themes. Throughout this richly illustrated study, Kirsten Pai Buick investigates how Lewis and her work were perceived, and their meanings manipulated, by others and the sculptor herself. She argues against the racialist art discourse that has long cast Lewis’s sculptures as reflections of her identity as an African American and Native American woman who lived most of her life abroad. Instead, by seeking to reveal Lewis’s intentions through analyses of her career and artwork, Buick illuminates Lewis’s fraught but active participation in the creation of a distinct “American” national art, one dominated by themes of indigeneity, sentimentality, gender, and race. In so doing, she shows that the sculptor variously complicated and facilitated the dominant ideologies of the vanishing American (the notion that Native Americans were a dying race), sentimentality, and true womanhood.
Buick considers the institutions and people that supported Lewis’s career—including Oberlin College, abolitionists in Boston, and American expatriates in Italy—and she explores how their agendas affected the way they perceived and described the artist. Analyzing four of Lewis’s most popular sculptures, each created between 1866 and 1876, Buick discusses interpretations of Hiawatha in terms of the cultural impact of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s epic poem The Song of Hiawatha; Forever Free and Hagar in the Wilderness in light of art historians’ assumptions that artworks created by African American artists necessarily reflect African American themes; and The Death of Cleopatra in relation to broader problems of reading art as a reflection of identity.
Thickness Distributions and Evolution of Growth Mechanisms of NH4-Illite from The Fossil Hydrothermal System of Harghita Bãi, Eastern Carpathians, Romania
Authors: Bobos Iuliu , Eberl D. D. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe crystal growth of NH4-illite (NH4-I) from the hydrothermal system of Harghita Bãi (Eastern Carpathians) was deduced from the shapes of crystal thickness distributions (CTDs). The <2 mm and the <2-0.2 mm fractions of clay samples collected from the argillized andesite rocks consist of NH4-illite-smectite (I-S) interstratified structures (R1, R2, and R3-type ordering) with a variable smectite-layer content. The NH4-I-S (40-5% S) structures were identified underground in a hydrothermal breccia structure, whereas the K-I/NH4-I mixtures were found at the deepest level sampled (-110 m). The percentage of smectite interlayers generally decreases with increasing depth in the deposit. This decrease in smectite content is related to the increase in degree of fracturing in the breccia structure and corresponds to a general increase in mean illite crystal thickness. In order to determine the thickness distributions of NH4-I crystals (fundamental illite particles) which make up the NH4-I-S interstratified structures and the NH4-I/K-I mixtures, 27 samples were saturated with Li and aqueous solutions of PVP-10 to remove swelling and then were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The profiles for the mean crystallite thickness (Tmean) and crystallite thickness distribution (CTD) of NH4-I crystallites were determined by the Bertaut-Warren-Averbach method using the MudMaster computer code. The Tmean of NH4-I from NH4-I-S samples ranges from 3.4 to 7.8 nm. The Tmean measured for the NH4-I/K-I mixture phase ranges from 7.8 nm to 11.7 nm (NH4-I) and from 12.1 to 24.7 nm (K-I).The CTD shapes of NH4-I fundamental particles are asymptotic and lognormal, whereas illites from NH4-I/K-I mixtures have bimodal shapes related to the presence of two lognormal-like CTDs corresponding to NH4-I and K-I.The crystal-growth mechanism for NH4-I samples was simulated using the Galoper code. Reaction pathways for NH4-I crystal nucleation and growth could be determined for each sample by plotting their CTD parameters on an α-ß2 diagram constructed using Galoper. This analysis shows that NH4-I crystals underwent simultaneous nucleation and growth, followed by surface-controlled growth without simultaneous nucleation.
Sex Differences in the Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Cardiovascular Health in Women
Authors: Pradhan Aruna D 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the presence of multiple interrelated risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Component features include dysglycemia, increased blood pressure, increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations, and obesity (in particular, abdominal obesity). The underlying biology, optimal diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications, once diagnosed, have been matter for intense debate. Despite these areas of controversy, there is now general consensus that the observed risk factor clustering signifies heightened cardiovascular risk.CONTENTThe influence of sex on the clinical expression and pathophysiology of the syndrome is underrecognized, and is an issue of increasing importance given the alarming increase in prevalence among young women. This minireview will highlight sex differences in the epidemiology, etiology, biology, and clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome. In particular, key sex differences include distinctions in (a) prevalence of dysglycemia, (b) body fat distribution, (c) adipocyte size and function, (d) hormonal regulation of body weight and adiposity, and (e) the influence of estrogen decline on risk factor clustering.SUMMARYAccumulated and emerging data convincingly demonstrate that significant heterogeneity exists between men and women developing the metabolic syndrome, in large part related to hormonal regulation of body fat distribution and attendant metabolic abnormalities.
Functional constraints, usage, and mental grammars: A study of speakers' intuitions about questions with long-distance dependencies
Authors: Dąbrowska Ewa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an experimental study which attempts to reconcile two usage based approaches to questions with long distance dependencies (LDDs): the Lexical Template Hypothesis (Dąbrowska 2004, 2008; Verhagen 2005, 2006) and Goldberg's BCI (“Backgrounded Constituents are Islands”) constraint (Goldberg 2006; Ambridge and Goldberg 2008). The study replicates Ambridge and Goldberg's (2008) results supporting the BCI constraint; but it also shows that (1) LDD questions with think and say, the verbs which are part of the hypothesised templates, are judged to be more acceptable than predicted by BCI and (2) BCI cannot explain complementizer effects (why LDD questions with that are judged less acceptable than questions without that). The results also suggest that there are considerable individual differences in speakers' sensitivity to the constraint.Thus, the two hypotheses are complementary: BCI explains why certain LDD questions are more acceptable than others, and hence accounts for differences in the frequency of prototypical and unprototypical LDD questions, while the lexical template hypothesis explains the effects of the frequency of use on speakers' mental grammars.
Three-dimensional ultrasound of massive macroglossia in a fetus with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
Authors: Bamberg Christian , Hinkson Larry , Longardt Ann Carolin , Rothe Karin , Horn Denise , Henrich Wolfgang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
We present the prenatal ultrasound findings of massive macroglossia in a fetus with prenatally diagnosed Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Three-dimensional surface mode ultrasound was utilized for enhanced visualization of the macroglossia.
Is diabetes in Cushing's syndrome only a consequence of hypercortisolism?
Authors: Giordano Carla , Guarnotta Valentina , Pivonello Rosario , Amato Marco Calogero , Simeoli Chiara , Ciresi Alessandro , Cozzolino Alessia , Colao Annamaria 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent complications of Cushing's syndrome (CS). The aim of this study was to define the changes in insulin sensitivity and/or secretion in relation to glucose tolerance categories in newly diagnosed CS patients.DesignCross-sectional study on 140 patients with CS.MethodsA total of 113 women (80 with pituitary disease and 33 with adrenal disease, aged 41.7±15.7 years) and 27 men (19 with pituitary disease and eight with adrenal disease, aged 38.1±20.01 years) at diagnosis were divided according to glucose tolerance into normal glucose tolerance (CS/NGT), impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (CS/prediabetes), and diabetes (CS/DM) groups.ResultsSeventy-one patients had CS/NGT (49.3%), 26 (18.5%) had CS/prediabetes and 43 (30.8%) had CS/DM. Significant increasing trends in the prevalence of family history of diabetes (P<0.001), metabolic syndrome (P<0.001), age (P<0.001) and waist circumference (P=0.043) and decreasing trends in HOMA-β (P<0.001) and oral disposition index (DIo) (P<0.002) were observed among the groups. No significant trends in fasting insulin levels, area under the curve for insulin (AUCINS), Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity (ISI-Matsuda) and visceral adiposity index were detected.ConclusionsImpairment of glucose tolerance is characterized by the inability of β-cells to adequately compensate for insulin resistance through increased insulin secretion. Age, genetic predisposition and lifestyle, in combination with the duration and degree of hypercortisolism, strongly contribute to the impairment of glucose tolerance in patients with a natural history of CS. A careful phenotypic evaluation of glucose tolerance defects in patients with CS proves useful for the identification of those at a high risk of metabolic complications.
Drought forecasting using new machine learning methods / Prognozowanie suszy z wykorzystaniem automatycznych samouczących się metod
Authors: Belayneh Anteneh , Adamowski Jan 
Published: November 2013

Abstract In order to have effective agricultural production the impacts of drought must be mitigated. An important aspect of mitigating the impacts of drought is an effective method of forecasting future drought events. In this study, three methods of forecasting short-term drought for short lead times are explored in the Awash River Basin of Ethiopia. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was the drought index chosen to represent drought in the basin. The following machine learning techniques were explored in this study: artificial neural networks (ANNs), support vector regression (SVR), and coupled wavelet-ANNs, which pre-process input data using wavelet analysis (WA). The forecast results of all three methods were compared using two performance measures (RMSE and R2). The forecast results of this study indicate that the coupled wavelet neural network (WA-ANN) models were the most accurate models for forecasting SPI 3 (3-month SPI) and SPI 6 (6-month SPI) values over lead times of 1 and 3 months in the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia.
Some examples comparing static and dynamic network approaches in water resources allocation models for the rivers of high instability of flows /
Authors: Wojas Włodzimierz , Tyszewski Sylwester 
Published: November 2013

Abstract In this paper the authors compare two mathematical approaches to the problem of determination of optimal water resources allocation. We compare standard static approach based on static network flow model in pure or generalized network with the dynamic approach based on MDGNFM model presented in [WOJAS 2008]. This comparison is done in the framework of three worked examples of water system. We discuss the following aspects: a possibility to guarantee in the model the availability of the water which is allocated to user in analysed time period; the influence of a choice of the length of time step on the final result, a possibility to consider different summary times in water allocation paths. Comparative analysis can recommend the dynamic approach as more appropriate in the case of water systems of high instability of water flows.
The influence of hydrotechnical conditions on energy production in small-scale hydropower plants / Wpływ warunków hydrotechnicznych na wielkość produkcji energii w małych elektrowniach wodnych
Authors: Bukowski Marcin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract Polish accession to the EU was followed by a need of adaptation of Polish legislation to the European requirements, also with regard to the energetic sector. The need of achieving 15% share of electric power from renewable sources in the total energy consumption till the year 2010 is a consequence of this decision. This target may be achieved in Polish conditions based on water and wind energy and from biomass combustion. The paper presents the influence of hydrologic conditions and technical parameters on the amount of produced energy. Factors affecting energy production in small hydropower plants were analysed. The formula was proposed to describe the effect of water flow in a river on energy production in small hydropower plants.
Small water bodies formed after peat digging in Dobrzyńskie Lakeland / Małe zbiorniki wodne powstałe po wydobyciu torfu na Pojezierzu Dobrzyńskim
Authors: Koprowski Jan , Łachacz Andrzej 
Published: November 2013

Abstract Post-peat water bodies formed as a result of peat digging for fuel in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century are common in the middle part of Dobrzyńskie Lakeland. In many cases peat was dug almost completely to form small water bodies. In the studied part of the lakeland 56.24 ha or 10.20% of peatland area have been exploited. The share of peatlands in the surface area of particular regions varied from 3.79% to 9.81%. The degree of peat exploitation also varied. Peat coverage of 7.06% was larger than the mean for Poland (3.80%) but close to that in young glacial areas. A group of water bodies formed after peat digging differed in terms of water quality. Physical and chemical properties of waters in studied water bodies are typical of surface and shallow ground waters in young glacial areas. They are fresh waters of a slightly higher content of mineral ions and of neutral to alkaline pH. Their electrolytic conductivity ranged between 300 and 500 μS∙cm-1. Bicarbonates and calcium dominated their ionic composition. Post-peat water bodies were colonised by pleustonic and rush plant communities. Their species composition indicates eutrophic habitat conditions. Despite the fact that post-peat water bodies were formed as a result of intense environmental disturbance, now they increase landscape diversity of the middle part of Dobrzyńskie Lakeland and are habitats of many rare and endangered plant species.
Impact of peat excavation on water condition in the adjacent raised bog / Oddziaływanie kopalni torfu na warunki wodne na przyległym torfowisku wysokim
Authors: Mioduszewski Waldemar , Kowalewski Zbigniew , Wierzba Marek 
Published: November 2013

Abstract Wetlands, in which peat lands are included, as valuable ecosystems are strongly dependent of water that should be saved. On the other hand, peat is a valuable resource e.g. used in gardening. In this paper hydrologic research for evaluation of influence of excavation sites on the water conditions in raised bog have been presented. One of the Polish peat mines is directly adjacent to the natural raised bog that is a protected nature reserve and situated in the area of Natura 2000. The first attempts of industrial peat excavation, in the area, took place in 1970 (more than 40 years ago). Research on groundwater level, peat moisture and precipitation has been carried out. It has been proved that raised bogs of meaningful environmental values situated in the vicinity of the excavation site preserve their ecological value. The study shown that it is worth to protect raised bog even in such inconvenient situation. Some recommendation to preserve the natural value of the raised bog has been given.
Economic assessment of the development opportunities of farms participating in agri-environmental programmes / Ekonomiczna analiza możliwości rozwoju gospodarstw rolnych uczestniczących w programach rolno-środowiskowych
Authors: Jankowska-Huflejt Halina , Prokopowicz Jerzy 
Published: November 2013

Abstract The study was conducted in 2007 with the inquiry method in 30 farms which specialised in livestock production based on own grasslands and participated in the Rural Development Programme in the years 2004-2006. The mean farm area was 19.69 ha (from 2.2 ha to182.0 ha) and farms were divided into 4 groups: 1-10; 10-20; 20-50 and >50 ha. The share of permanent grasslands was 53.8% on average. The crop structure was subject to the production of bulk feeds and feed grain (oats), cereal mixtures, triticale and barley. The mean share of cereals was 78.5 %, root crops - 9.4 % and legumes - 2.1 %. The highest livestock (cattle, pigs, horses, poultry) density (mean of 0.5 LU per ha of agricultural land) was in farms from the group of 20-50 ha. Both the farm investments in fixed assets and average direct costs of plant and animal production were low. The revenue from agricultural production was medium to low. The proportion of subsidies from the RDP was high (17%). Gross margin in farms was medium and low. Its value per 1 ha of agricultural land (AL) and per capita increased with the increase of farm surface area (except for a group of 20.1-50.0 ha). The effectiveness of fixed assets was high, its index ranged from 0.39 to 0.58 with a mean of 0.43. Only 23% of surveyed farms had a chance of further development.
Le mur et le rire de la servante
Authors: Peuch-Lestrade Jean 
Published: November 2013

La crise, qui a secoué la psychanalyse dans ses rapports à l’autisme bascule autour de la diffusion sur internet du documentaire « Le mur », qui se révèle être un pamphlet très violent contre elle. Son originalité tient à l’utilisation de l’arme du rire pour rendre les psychanalystes ridicules. Dans cet article, je fais un parallèle avec le rire de la servante de Thrace lorsque Thalès tombe dans le puits, même si ici le puits se trouve être un piège, celui des médias. Je montre d’abord comment le destin du rire de la servante en philosophie peut nous donner un autre éclairage sur cette crise, car de nombreux éléments, comme ceux du rapport à la science, de l’incompréhension de la théorie ou de la déformation professionnelle peuvent se retrouver en psychanalyse. J’explore ensuite la cause de ce rire pour avancer dans la compréhension de cette controverse dont un des enjeux est la disparition d’une psychogénèse, voire plus largement de toute théorie du psychisme. Je termine sur la question de savoir s’il reste une place pour l’esprit dans la médecine contemporaine.
Clinical Communication in Diagnostic Imaging Studies
Authors: Niazkhani Z. , Bal R. , Pirnejad H. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryObjective: To examine how and why the quality of clinical communication between radiologists and referring physicians was changed in the inpatient imaging process after implementation of a hospital information system (HIS).Methods: A mixed-method study of the chest X-ray (CXR) requests and reports, and their involved processes within a pre- and post-HIS implementation setting.Results: Documentation of patient age, patient ward, and name and signature of requesting physician decreased significantly in post-HIS CXR requests (P<0.05). However, documentation of requested position and technique increased significantly (P<0.05). In post-HIS CXR reports, documentation of patient age, patient chart number, urgent/normal status of requisition, position and technique of CXR, name of referring physician, and date of request were increased significantly (P<0.05). However, documentation of discussion for important findings was decreased significantly (P<0.05). The mean number of words in the body text of post-HIS reports was increased significantly (18.65 vs. 16.3, P = 0.00).Our qualitative findings highlighted that involving nursing and radiology staff in the communication loop between physicians and radiologists after the implementation resulted in extra steps in the workflow and more workload for them. To cope with the new workload, they adopted different workarounds that could explain the results seen in the quantitative study.Conclusion: The HIS improved communication of administrative and identification information but did not improve communication of clinically relevant information. The reason was traced to the complications that the inappropriate implementation of the system brought to clinical workflow and communication loop.Citation: Pirnejad H, Niazkhania Z, Bal R. Clinical communication in diagnosticimaging studies - mixedmethod study of pre- and post-implementation of a hospital information system. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 541–555http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-06-RA-0042
Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic K‐Ras by a Covalent Catalytic Site Inhibitor
Authors: Lim Sang Min , Westover Kenneth D. , Ficarro Scott B. , Harrison Rane A. , Choi Hwan Geun , Pacold Michael E. , Carrasco Martin , Hunter John , Kim Nam Doo , Xie Ting , Sim Taebo , Jänne Pasi A. , Meyerson Matthew , Marto Jarrod A. , Engen John R. , Gray Nathanael S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report the synthesis of a GDP analogue, SML‐8‐73‐1, and a prodrug derivative, SML‐10‐70‐1, which are selective, direct‐acting covalent inhibitors of the K‐Ras G12C mutant relative to wild‐type Ras. Biochemical and biophysical measurements suggest that modification of K‐Ras with SML‐8‐73‐1 renders the protein in an inactive state. These first‐in‐class covalent K‐Ras inhibitors demonstrate that irreversible targeting of the K‐Ras guanine‐nucleotide binding site is potentially a viable therapeutic strategy for inhibition of Ras signaling.
Sorption of Indoles by Montmorillonite
Authors: Sofer Z. , Heller L. , Yariv S. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInfra‐red spectra supported by chemical, differential thermal and X‐ray analyses indicate that indole and methylated indoles are sorbed by variously substituted montmorillonites in seven different configurations. The type of configuration formed depends upon the indoles and the interlayer cations. It affects the layer separation and the thermal stability of the assemblages.