bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Age on Regulation of Human Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Chung Ping‐Lin , Zhou Shuanhu , Eslami Behnam , Shen Longxiang , LeBoff Meryl S. , Glowacki Julie 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTHuman skeletal aging is characterized as a gradual loss of bone mass due to an excess of bone resorption not balanced by new bone formation. Using human marrow cells, we tested the hypothesis that there is an age‐dependent increase in osteoclastogenesis due to intrinsic changes in regulatory factors [macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF), receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG)] and their receptors [c‐fms and RANK]. In bone marrow cells (BMCs), c‐fms (r = 0.61, P = 0.006) and RANK expression (r = 0.59, P = 0.008) were increased with age (27–82 years, n = 19). In vitro generation of osteoclasts was increased with age (r = 0.89, P = 0.007). In enriched marrow stromal cells (MSCs), constitutive expression of RANKL was increased with age (r = 0.41, P = 0.049) and expression of OPG was inversely correlated with age (r = −0.43, P = 0.039). Accordingly, there was an age‐related increase in RANKL/OPG (r = 0.56, P = 0.005). These data indicate an age‐related increase in human osteoclastogenesis that is associated with an intrinsic increase in expression of c‐fms and RANK in osteoclast progenitors, and, in the supporting MSCs, an increase in pro‐osteoclastogenic RANKL expression and a decrease in anti‐osteoclastogenic OPG. These findings support the hypothesis that human marrow cells and their products can contribute to skeletal aging by increasing the generation of bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. These findings help to explain underlying molecular mechanisms of progressive bone loss with advancing age in humans. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1412–1419, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Osteocytes Serve as a Progenitor Cell of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sottnik Joseph L. , Campbell Brittany , Mehra Rohit , Behbahani‐Nejad Omid , Hall Christopher L. , Keller Evan T. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common primary bone tumor in humans. However, the cell of origin of OSA is not clearly defined although there is evidence that osteoblasts may serve as OSA progenitors. The role of osteocytes, terminally differentiated osteoblasts, as OSA progenitors has yet to be described. Analysis of patient cDNA from publicly available microarray data revealed that patients with OSA have increased expression of dentin matrix phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), a marker of osteocytes. Analysis of multiple murine, human, and canine OSA cell lines revealed DMP1 expression. To test the tumorigenic potential of osteocytes, MLO‐Y4, a SV‐40 immortalized murine osteocyte cell line, was injected into subcutaneous and orthotopic (intratibial) sites of mice. Tumor growth occurred in both locations. Orthotopic MLO‐Y4 tumors produced mixed osteoblastic/osteolytic radiographic lesions; a hallmark of OSA. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time that osteocytes can serve as OSA progenitors. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1420–1429, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Isolation of Bio‐Mesoporous Silica from Rice Husk
Authors: He Jia‐Rung , Kuo Wei‐Chiao , Su Chi‐Shen , Lin Hong‐Ping 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBy using a simple and safe citric acid‐hydrothermal treatment, bio‐mesoporous silica with a high surface area (≈200 m2g−1) and pore size of around 6.0 nm can be isolated from rice husk. We found that the surface area of the isolated porous silica is dependent on the pH value, hydrothermal temperature, and reaction time but independent on the water content. At pH around 2.0‐2.5, the resulted bio‐mesoporous silica possesses the highest surface area regardless to the acid sources. Increasing hydrothermal temperature can accelerate the removal rate of the metal impurity in the rice husk. From the data of the surface areas, the required reaction time to isolate the mesoporous silica of the largest surface area (≈200 m2g−1) from rice husk increases with decreasing temperature. It takes only about 0.5 hour at 100 °C, 1.0 hour at 60 °C and 12.0 h at room temperature. This citric acid‐hydrothermal treatment can also be applied to isolate bio‐mesoporous silica from Equisetum grass.
Core Binding Factor β (CBFβ) Is Retained in the Midbody During Cytokinesis
Authors: Lopez‐Camacho Cesar , van Wijnen Andre J. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCore Binding Factor β (CBFβ) is complexed with the RUNX family of transcription factors in the nucleus to support activation or repression of genes related to bone (RUNX2), hematopoiesis (RUNX1) and gastrointestinal (RUNX3) development. Furthermore, RUNX proteins contribute to the onset and progression of different types of cancer. Although CBFβ localizes to cytoskeletal architecture, its biological role in the cytoplasmic compartment remains to be established. Additionally, the function and localization of CBFβ during the cell cycle are important questions relevant to its biological role. Here we show that CBFβ dynamically distributes in different stages of cell division and importantly is present during telophase at the midbody, a temporal structure important for successful cytokinesis. A functional role for CBFβ localization at the midbody is supported by striking defects in cytokinesis that include polyploidy and abscission failure following siRNA‐mediated downregulation of endogenous CBFβ or overexpression of the inv(16) fusion protein CBFβ‐SMMHC. Our results suggest that CBFβ retention in the midbody during cytokinesis reflects a novel function that contributes to epigenetic control. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 1466–1474, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ovary of Matsucoccus pini (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coccinea: Matsucoccidae): Morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic implications
Authors: Szklarzewicz Teresa , Michalik Anna , Kalandyk‐Kołodziejczyk Małgorzata , Kobiałka Michał , Simon Ewa 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe structure of ovary in a representative of the scale insect family Matsucoccidae, Matsucoccus pini, is described at the ultrastructural level. The paired ovaries of M. pini are composed of about 50 ovarioles of telotrophic type that develop asynchronously. An individual ovariole consists of an anterior tropharium (trophic chamber) and posterior vitellarium. The tropharium encloses trophocytes (nurse cells) and early previtellogenic oocytes termed arrested oocytes. In the vitellarium from 1 to 6, linearly arranged oocytes may develop. Analysis of serial sections has shown that each ovariole contains 32 germ cells (trophocytes, arrested oocytes, and developing oocytes). In the cytoplasm of all these cells, small rod‐shaped bacteria are present. In the early vitellogenic oocytes, accessory nuclei arise. As vitellogenesis progresses, these nuclei migrate toward the cortical ooplasm. The obtained results are discussed in a phylogenetic context. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:327–334, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalist and primary care physician perspectives on medication management of chronic conditions for hospitalized patients
Authors: Breu Anthony C. , Allen‐Dicker Joshua , Mueller Stephanie , Palamara Kerri , Hinami Keiki , Herzig Shoshana J. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUNDLittle is currently known regarding physicians' opinions on the relative appropriateness of inpatient management of medical conditions unrelated to the reason for admission.OBJECTIVEInvestigate physician attitudes on the appropriateness of inpatient medication interventions, based on the interventions' relatedness to the reason for admission.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSCase‐based survey of hospitalists and hospital‐based primary care physicians at 3 academic medical centers in Boston, Massachusetts.METHODSPhysicians were emailed a survey consisting of 6 pairs of clinical cases. Each pair included 1 case with an inpatient management decision related to the reason for admission, followed by a case involving the same management decision but unrelated to the reason for admission. Respondents rated the appropriateness of the interventions, and results were compared based on the relatedness to the reason for admission and based on the respondents' primary role.RESULTSOverall, 162 out of 295 providers (55%) responded to the survey. Physicians were significantly more likely to rate inpatient interventions as appropriate when they were related, compared to unrelated, to the reason for admission (78.9% vs 38.8%; P < 0.001). Primary care physicians were significantly more likely than hospitalists to feel that inpatient interventions were appropriate. (64.1% vs 52.1%, P < 0.001; relative risk: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.1–1.4).CONCLUSIONPhysicians are more likely to rate inpatient medication changes as appropriate when they are related to the reason for admission. Our results suggest that opportunities for meaningful medical interventions may be underutilized in current systems that adhere to a strict dichotomy of inpatient and outpatient roles. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:303–309. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Surface and tropospheric temperature trends in Armenia
Authors: Gevorgyan Artur 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe surface and tropospheric temperature trends have been evaluated over Armenia. A very clear signal of warming is detected at most stations of Armenia for spring, summer and autumn seasons for the period 1979–2012 compared to 1961–1994. Overall, the observed data and the reanalyses products (ERA‐40 and ERA‐Interim) provide a generally consistent picture for tropospheric temperature trends over Armenia. The trends obtained from the three sources of data show significantly faster warming at the near‐surface troposphere (at 850 hPa) for the period 1979–2012 compared to 1961–1994. However, temperature trends at 850 hPa are underestimated by the reanalysis products relative to the observed data. The warming rates decrease with height, and negative and nearly zero trends are observed in the middle and upper troposphere in most cases.
Parametric study using distributed computing and genetic algorithm in TFT‐LCD projector
Authors: Lin Samuel I‐En , Lin S. C. , Lo Yun‐Chien 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present an analysis of the parameters affecting light engines in liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors, using actual LCD projectors as examples. The significant parameters affecting light engines in LCD projectors are evaluated using the light uniformity as the determining standard. Optimization is performed on those parameters that affect the uniformity as well as the rendering effects of the projectors, by employing our own distributed genetic algorithm. The rotation angle of the collimator and its position are shown to improve the uniformity of the LCD projection, but we find that their effect on improving the brightness is not significant. Increased length of a projectors' light tube promotes better integration results. In our study, we effectively improved the performance index of an LCD projector, increasing projection uniformity by 4% (to 91.5%) and the brightness by 12% (to 7.9 lm).
Pure Blue‐Light Emissive Poly(oligofluorenes) with Bifunctional POSS in the Main Chain
Authors: Chi Hong , Lim Siew Lay , Wang Fuke , Wang Xizu , He Chaobin , Chin Wee Shong 
Published: February 2014

Emission of conjugated polymers is known to undergo bathochromic shift from solution to film formation due to π–π stacking in the solid state. In this report, a series of pearl‐necklace‐like hybrid polymers is designed via the hydrosilylation condensation between bifunctional polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (B‐POSS) and oligofluorene segments. Optoelectronic analyses unequivocally show that the presence of these interconnecting B‐POSS can effectively reduce red‐shift in photoluminescence and electroluminescence during film formation. These hybrid poly(oligofluorenes) display stable blue emission with high color purity. Thermal analyses also indicate that they are vitrified polymers with high glass transition temperature (up to 125 °C). We believe that this strategy can be extended to other conjugated systems to control color purity in electroactive materials and holds promise as new emissive materials for various applications.
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Multiple system atrophy of the cerebellar type: Clinical state of the art
Authors: Lin David J. , Hermann Katherine L. , Schmahmann Jeremy D. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a late‐onset, sporadic neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by autonomic failure and either poorly levodopa‐responsive parkinsonism or cerebellar ataxia. It is neuropathologically defined by widespread and abundant central nervous system α‐synuclein–positive glial cytoplasmic inclusions and striatonigral and/or olivopontocerebellar neurodegeneration. There are two clinical subtypes of MSA distinguished by the predominant motor features: the parkinsonian variant (MSA‐P) and the cerebellar variant (MSA‐C). Despite recent progress in understanding the pathobiology of MSA, investigations into the symptomatology and natural history of the cerebellar variant of the disease have been limited. MSA‐C presents a unique challenge to both clinicians and researchers alike. A key question is how to distinguish early in the disease course between MSA‐C and other causes of adult‐onset cerebellar ataxia. This is a particularly difficult question, because the clinical framework for conceptualizing and studying sporadic adult‐onset ataxias continues to undergo flux. To date, several investigations have attempted to identify clinical features, imaging, and other biomarkers that may be predictive of MSA‐C. This review presents a clinically oriented overview of our current understanding of MSA‐C with a focus on evidence for distinguishing MSA‐C from other sporadic, adult‐onset ataxias. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Gap cycling for SWIFT
Authors: Corum Curtis A. , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Snyder Carl J. , Garwood Michael 
Published: February 2014

PurposeSWIFT (SWeep Imaging with Fourier Transformation) is a non‐Cartesian MRI method with unique features and capabilities. In SWIFT, radiofrequency (RF) excitation and reception are performed nearly simultaneously, by rapidly switching between transmit and receive during a frequency‐swept RF pulse. Because both the transmitted pulse and data acquisition are simultaneously amplitude‐modulated in SWIFT (in contrast to continuous RF excitation and uninterrupted data acquisition in more familiar MRI sequences), crosstalk between different frequency bands occurs in the data. This crosstalk leads to a “bulls‐eye” artifact in SWIFT images. We present a method to cancel this interband crosstalk by cycling the pulse and receive gap positions relative to the un‐gapped pulse shape. We call this strategy “gap cycling.”Theory and MethodsWe carry out theoretical analysis, simulation and experiments to characterize the signal chain, resulting artifacts, and their elimination for SWIFT.ResultsTheoretical analysis reveals the mechanism for gap‐cycling's effectiveness in canceling interband crosstalk in the received data. We show phantom and in vivo results demonstrating bulls‐eye artifact free images.ConclusionGap cycling is an effective method to remove bulls‐eye artifact resulting from interband crosstalk in SWIFT data. Magn Reson Med 73:677–682, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prenatal bilateral adrenal calcifications, hypogonadism, and nephrotic syndrome: beyond Wolman disease
Authors: Schreyer‐Shafir Nira , Sukenik‐Halevy Rivka , Tepper Ronnie , Arnon Schmuel , Litmanovitch Itta , Eliakim Alon , Pommeranz Avishalom , Ludman Mark David , Raas‐Rothschild Annick 
Published: February 2014

What's already known about this topic?

Prenatal bilateral adrenal calcifications are a rare prenatal finding.
Adrenal calcifications may be seen with intrauterine infections, tumor, or in Wolman disease. Risk factors for adrenal calcifications include large birth weight, hypoxia, septicemia, coagulation defects, and thromboembolism.
The association of adrenal calcifications and proteinuria has been published in two reports of four different patients.What does this study add?

We propose that the constellation of bilateral adrenal calcifications, micropenis, testicular dysfunction, increased fetal nuchal translucency, and congenital nephrotic syndrome represents a new clinical entity.
The consanguinity in this family suggests an autosomal recessive inheritance of this disease.
This entity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral adrenal calcifications.
Metallization‒induced recombination losses of bifacial silicon solar cells
Authors: Edler Alexander , Mihailetchi Valentin D. , Koduvelikulathu Lejo J. , Comparotto Corrado , Kopecek Radovan , Harney Rudolf 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the metallization‒induced recombination losses of high efficiency bifacial n‒type and p‒type crystalline Si solar cells. From the experimental data, we found that the most efficiency limiting parameter by the screen‒printed metallization is the open‒circuit voltage (VOC) of the cells. We investigated the mechanism responsible for this loss by varying the metallization fraction on either side of the cell and determined the local enhancement in the dark saturation current density beneath the metal contacts (J0(met)). Under optimum fabrication conditions, the J0(met) at metal‒p+ (boron) emitter interfaces was found to be significantly higher compared with the values obtained for metal‒n+ emitters. A two‒dimensional simulation model was used to get further insight into the recombination mechanism leading to these VOC losses. The model assumes that metal contacts penetrate (or etch) into the diffused region following the firing process and depassivate the interface. Applying this model to our n‒type solar cells with a boron p+ emitter, we demonstrated that the simple loss of passivated area beneath the metal contact cannot explain the degradation observed in the VOC of the cell without considering a significant etching or metal penetration into the emitter region. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and function of LGR5: An enigmatic G‐protein coupled receptor marking stem cells
Authors: Kumar Kaavya Krishna , Burgess Antony W. , Gulbis Jacqueline M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractG‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important class of membrane protein that transmit extracellular signals invoked by sensing molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters. GPCR dysfunction is implicated in many diseases and hence these proteins are of great interest to academia and the pharmaceutical industry. Leucine‐rich repeat‐containing GPCRs contain a characteristic extracellular domain that is an important modulator of intracellular signaling. One member of this class is the leucine‐rich repeat‐containing G‐protein‐coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a stem cell marker in intestinal crypts, and mammary glands. LGR5 modulates Wnt signaling in the presence of the ligand R‐spondin (RSPO). The mechanism of activation of LGR5 by RSPO is not understood, nor is the intracellular signaling mechanism known. Recently reported structures of the extracellular domain of LGR5 bound to RSPO reveal a horseshoe‐shaped architecture made up of consecutive leucine‐rich repeats, with RSPO bound on the concave surface. This review discusses the discovery of LGR5 and the impact it is having on our understanding of stem cell and cancer biology of the colon. In addition, it covers functional relationships suggested by sequence homology and structural analyses, as well as some intriguing conundrums with respect to the involvement of LGR5 in Wnt signaling.
Semiconductor Nanostructures towards Electronic and Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: André Pascal , Reece Peter , Tomm Jens W. , Ribierre Jean‐Charles , Moreels Iwan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSemiconductor nanostructures are part of an emergent class of materials that provide unprecedented levels of functionality in building devices for electronics and optoelectronics applications. Associated nanoscale devices may be used to study new physics in low‐dimensional systems and enables a route for the development of new technologies in key areas, such as communications and information processing, sensing and renewable energy as well as biomedicine.This symposium was the fourth instalment of a highly successful biennial series that began in 2007. Bringing together researchers working in academia and industry, it presented the latest research in semiconductor nanostructures and their applications to electronic, optoelectronic and photonic devices. Blending experimental with numerical and theoretical approaches, it covered all aspects from fundamental growth and material development, to interfaces, device integration and testing.
Functional Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications
Authors: Méndez Bianchi , Lorenz Katharina , Fraboni Beatrice , Ambacher Oliver 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis special issue contains papers presented at E‐MRS Spring Meeting – Symposium P “Functional Nanowires: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications”, which took place in Strasbourg, France, May 27–31, 2013.The aim of the symposium was to gather researchers involved in studying relevant physical properties and applications of functional nanowires. The promising novel or improved properties of nanowires have been demonstrated in several families of functional materials, and we had organized the sessions accordingly. They were distributed on the following oral sessions: III–V semiconductors, Oxides, Group IV semiconductors, Doping features and Organic nanowires, Sensing and self‐assembly. Additionally, two poster sessions were held. There were more than 110 contributions, including invited speakers, oral and poster presentations, coming from 30 different countries, spanning five continents. It is worth mentioning the remarkable participation of Asia, with 32 contributions.The organizing committee would like to thank all the participants for trusting on our symposium, contribute to create an enjoyable atmosphere during the sessions and enrich them with their latest nanowires research. It has been our pleasure to introduce this special issue with some papers presented at the symposium. We would also like to thank the E‐MRS Chairpersons and the company FEI for their support and for making the organization features easier.