bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exendin-4-enriched exosomes from hUCMSCs alleviate diabetic nephropathy via gut microbiota and immune modulation
Authors: Wang Liping , Liang Aihua , Huang Jukai 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionDiabetic nephropathy (DN) presents a significant therapeutic challenge, compounded by complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Recent studies suggest Exendin-4 (Ex-4) as a potential ameliorative agent for DN, albeit with unclear mechanisms. This research investigates the effects and underlying mechanisms of Ex-4-enriched exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) on DN, focusing on their renoprotective properties and interactions with gut microbiota.MethodExosomes from hUCMSCs (hUCMSCs-Exo) were loaded with Ex-4 via electroporation. A streptozotocin (STZ) -induced DN mouse model was employed to assess the therapeutic impact of these engineered exosomes. The study further explored immune cell dynamics, mainly CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells, using bioinformatics, flow cytometry, and the influence of gut microbiota through antibiotic treatment and specific bacterial reintroduction.ResultsTreatment with hUCMSCs-Exo@Ex-4 significantly improved key DN markers, including blood glucose and proteinuria, alleviating kidney damage. A notable decrease in natural Treg cell infiltration in DN was observed, while Ex-4-loaded exosomes promoted CD4+ Treg cell induction. The therapeutic benefits of hUCMSCs-Exo@Ex-4 were diminished upon CD4+ Treg cell depletion, underscoring their role in this context. Notably, CD4+ Treg cell induction correlated with the presence of Prevotella species, and disruption of gut microbiota adversely affected these cells and the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. However, the reintroduction of Prevotella strains counteracted these adverse effects.DiscussionThis study elucidates a novel therapeutic mechanism of Ex-4-loaded hUCMSCs exosomes in DN, highlighting the induction of CD4+ Treg cells mediated by specific gut microbiota components. These findings underscore the potential of leveraging gut microbiota and immune cell interplay in developing effective DN treatments.
Association between air pollution and cerebrospinal fluid alpha-synuclein in urban elders: the CABLE study
Authors: Wang An-Yi , Hu He-Ying , Sun Yan , Ou Ya-Nan , Ma Ya-Hui , Li Meng , Li Qiong-Yao , Tan Lan 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIncreasing evidence suggests that air pollution has a significant impact on the development of synucleinopathies, but the potential neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollution (including ozone [O3], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and particulate matter [PM2.5]) with CSF α-syn levels in urban older adults.MethodsWe included 933 urban participants from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE study. The 5-year average levels of air pollution exposure were estimated in the areas of residence. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to detect the correlation of air pollution with CSF α-syn levels. Subgroup analyses by age, gender, season, and history of coronary heart disease (CHD) were performed. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to explore the potential nonlinear relationships.ResultsWe found a significant correlation of CSF α-syn level with PM2.5 in urban participants. Specifically, multiple linear regression showed a significant negative association between PM2.5 and CSF α-syn level (p = 0.029), which was more significant in female, midlife, non-CHD, and cold season subgroups. Besides, RCS models showed that O3 had an inverse J-shaped association with CSF α-syn levels in urban participants (p for nonlinearity = 0.040), and the harmful effect possibly appeared when O3 was above 37.9 ppb.DiscussionLong-term exposure to air pollution was associated with lower CSF α-syn levels, which may offer a new direction for exploring and preventing synucleinopathies.
Effects of motor imagery-based brain-computer interface-controlled electrical stimulation on lower limb function in hemiplegic patients in the acute phase of stroke: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Luo Xi 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundLower limb motor dysfunction is one of the most serious consequences of stroke; however, there is insufficient evidence for optimal rehabilitation strategies. Improving lower limb motor function through effective rehabilitation strategies is a top priority for stroke patients. Neuroplasticity is a key factor in the recovery of motor function. The extent to which neuroplasticity-based rehabilitation therapy using brain-computer interface (BCI) is effective in treating lower limb motor dysfunction in acute ischemic stroke patients has not been extensively investigated.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of BCI rehabilitation on lower limb motor dysfunction in individuals with acute ischemic stroke by evaluating motor function, walking ability, and daily living activities.MethodsThis study was conducted in a randomized controlled trial, involving 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke who experienced lower limb motor dysfunction. All patients were divided into two groups, with 32 patients assigned to the control group was given conventional rehabilitation once a day for 70 min, 5 times a week for 2 weeks, and the experimental group (n = 32) was given BCI rehabilitation on top of the conventional rehabilitation for 1 h a day, 30 min of therapy in the morning and an additional 30 min in the afternoon, for a total of 20 sessions over a two-week period. The primary outcome was lower extremity motor function, which was assessed using the lower extremity portion of the Fugl-Meyer Rating Scale (FMA-LE), and the secondary endpoints were the Functional Ambulation Scale (FAC), and the Modified Barthel index (MBI).ResultsAfter 20 sessions of treatment, both groups improved in motor function, walking function, and activities of daily living, and the improvements in FMA-LE scores (p &lt; 0.001), FAC (p = 0.031), and MBI (p &lt; 0.001) were more pronounced in the experimental group compared with the control group.ConclusionConventional rehabilitation therapy combined with BCI rehabilitation therapy can improve the lower limb motor function of hemiplegic patients with stroke, enhance the patient’s ability to perform activities of daily living, and promote the improvement of walking function, this is an effective rehabilitation policy to promote recovery from lower extremity motor function disorders.
Efficacy of neuroendoscopic and small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery for hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of Chinese RCT studies
Authors: Zhi Tianpeng , Wang Hang , Wei Xiangyang , Wei Zhengjun , Sun Hong-tao 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical efficacy of neuroendoscopy and small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery in the treatment of supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.MethodsA search was conducted for Chinese randomized controlled trials on neuroendoscopy and small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage published before February 1, 2024, in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 software.ResultsWe included 9 randomized controlled trials, with 391 cases in the neuroendoscopy group and 403 cases in the craniotomy group. The meta-analysis results showed that compared to the small-bone-window craniotomy group, the neuroendoscopy group had a higher rate of hematoma clearance (95% CI [6.65, 18.52], p &lt; 0.00001), less intraoperative bleeding (95% CI [−294.83, −284.75], p &lt; 0.00001), shorter operation time (95% CI [−138.65, −63.04], p &lt; 0.00001), fewer days in the ICU (95% CI [−8.56, −4.04], p &lt; 0.00001), lower rate of postoperative complications (95% CI [0.15, 0.50], p &lt; 0.0001), lower NIHSS score at 3 months postoperatively (95% CI [−6.82, −5.36], p &lt; 0.00001), and higher ADL score (95% CI [16.5, 20.07], p &lt; 0.00001). All comparison results were statistically significant.ConclusionCompared with small-bone-window craniotomy microsurgery, neuroendoscopic surgery for episodic hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage resulted in a higher rate of hematoma clearance, less intraoperative bleeding, shorter operative time, fewer days in the ICU, a lower rate of postoperative complications and a lower 3-month postoperative NIHSS score, and a higher ADL score.
Neurological activation during verbal fluency task and resting-state functional connectivity abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Qiao Yongjun , Song Xiaohui , Yan Jin , Pan Wenxiu , Chia Chinhsuan , Zhao Dan , Niu Chuanxin M. , Xie Qing , Jin Haiyan 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the activation of frontotemporal functional brain areas in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) during a Verbal Fluency Task (VFT), and to compare their brain functional connectivity in a resting state with that of healthy controls. The goal is to deepen our understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms underlying OCD.Methods32 patients with OCD and 32 controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and years of education participated in this study, they were divided into OCD group and healthy comtrol group. We conducted VFT task tests and 10-minute resting state tests on both groups by using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). The VFT was utilized to assess the activation (beta values) and the integral and centroid values of the frontal and bilateral temporal lobes, including brain areas BA9 and 46 (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), BA10 (frontal pole), BA45 (inferior frontal gyrus), BA21 (middle temporal gyrus), and BA22 (superior temporal gyrus). We evaluated the functional connectivity levels of these areas during the resting state. Differences in these measures between OCD patients and healthy controls were analyzed using two-sample independent t-tests and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsDuring VFT, OCD had smaller integral values(z=5.371, p&lt;0.001; t=4.720, p&lt;0.001), and larger centroid values(t=-2.281, p=0.026; z=-2.182, p=0.029) compared to healthy controls, along with a reduced number of activated channels detected by fNIRS. Additionally, activation values (β) in various functional brain areas, including BA9, BA46, BA10, BA45, BA21, and BA22, were significantly lower in the OCD group (all p&lt; 0.01). In the resting state, notable disparities in functional connectivity were observed between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the OCD group, in comparison to the control group. Specifically, there was a significant increase in connectivity between the left IFG and right DLPFC, suggesting the presence of altered connectivity patterns in these areas.ConclusionsThe study highlights significant disparities in neural activation and functional connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls during VFT. Specifically, reduced activation was noted in the frontal and bilateral temporal lobes of OCD patients, alongside alterations in resting-state functional connectivity between the IFG and DLPFC. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of OCD and may guide future therapeutic strategies.
Lessons Learned and Outcomes from Risk-Based Modernisation of Post-Mortem Inspection and Disposition Criteria of Beef, Sheep, Goat, and Pig Carcasses in Australia
Authors: Pointon Andrew , Kiermeier Andreas , Hamilton David , Allan Samantha , Jenson Ian , Stevens Daryl , McDonald Ann , Langbridge John 
Published: August 2024

The lessons learned from reviewing national risk assessments to modernise the Australian Standard for the post-mortem inspection and disposition judgement of beef, sheep, goat, and pig carcases are discussed. The initial risk profiles identified priorities for quantitative assessments. Broadly, the main difficulty encountered was the paucity of quantified performance for the current inspection. Resolving this involved acquiring gross abnormality data representing regional production/proportional abattoir volumes, the range of gross abnormalities appearing nationally, proportional occurrence at carcase sites, and seasonality to enable the comparison of procedures. The methodologies followed the Codex Alimentarius Commission’s risk assessment guidelines and are fully documented in the associated publications. The evidence and discussion are provided for the associated challenges experienced, including preventing contamination, the use of food chain information to support amendment, inspection as a part of industry Quality Assurance programmes, and opportunities to improve inspector training. The criteria considered by the Competent Authority for the determination of the equivalence of alternative post-mortem inspection techniques included comparisons of public health risk, non-detection rates for gross abnormalities, and microbial contamination resulting from inspection activities, as appropriate. Most of the gross abnormalities detected arose from animal health and welfare conditions affecting wholesomeness and did not present as food safety hazards. The non-detection rates between the current and alternative inspection (observation) were negligible. A quantitative risk assessment for Cysticercus bovis was conducted. Carcases with multiple gross abnormalities predominantly reflected historic infections (prior septicaemia), where trimming achieved wholesomeness unless they were cachexic.
Exploring the Volatile Profile of Vanilla planifolia after Fermentation at Low Temperature with Bacillus Isolates
Authors: Manyatsi Thabani-Sydney , Lin Yu-Hsin , Sung Pin-Hui , Jou Ying-Tzy 
Published: August 2024

Vanilla planifolia is grown as a high-value orchid spice for its odor and savor attributes that increase due to the curing process associated with microbial colonization. This tends to influence the aromatic properties of vanilla. Hence, 11 Bacillus sp. strains were isolated from V. planifolia and identified with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The liquid culture (1 mL of 107 CFU mL−1) of selected Bacillus vallismortis NR_104873.1:11-1518, Bacillus velezensis ZN-S10, and Bacillus tropicus KhEp-2 effectively fermented green-blanched vanilla pods kept at 10 °C during the sweating stage. GC-MS analysis showed that the methanol extract of non-coated, and B. vallismortis treated vanilla detected three (3) volatile compounds, whereas seven (7) components were obtained in B. tropicus and B. velezensis treatment. 4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl was found in B. velezensis ZN-S10, B. tropicus KhEp-2, and B. vallismortis while it was not present in the control samples. This ketone compound suggested a Maillard reaction resulting in brown-increased aroma pods. Linoleic acid and Hexadecanoic acid ethyl esters were detected only in ZN-S10 strain-coated vanilla. A novel 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone was detected only in B. vallismortis-treated vanilla characterized as a new compound in V. planifolia which suggested that the new compound can be altered with the coating of bacteria in vanilla during fermentation. Thus, the Bacillus strains improved the volatile profile and exhibited a new aroma and flavor profile of vanilla owing to bacteria fermentation during the curing process.
ON THE ISSUE OF ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITAL CURRENCIES OF CENTRAL BANKS
Authors: КОРНИЛОВА О.А. , ФАДЕЕВА С.А. , РЯБЧИКОВА Я.С. 
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается роль цифровой валюты в сфере ци фровизации финансового сектора. Авторы анализируют опыт различных стран, включая Россию, Ки тай и Индию, с целью выявить преимущества и недо татки внедрения цифровых валют центральных банков. В работе представлена методика оценки эффективности внедрения цифровой валюты, разработанная авторами, а также выделены критерии, определяющие ее влияние на финансовую стабильность страны. Этот анализ позволяет более глубоко понять значения цифровых валют для современных экономик и их роль в развитии финансовых рынков.
The article defines the role of digital currency in the digitali ation of the fiinancial sector. The authors analyze the experience of various countries, including Russia, China and India, in order to identify the advantages and disadvantages of introducing central bank digital currencies. The report presents a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the implementation of digital currency, created by the authors, and also highlights the criteria that determine its impact on the financial stability of the country. This analysis allows for a deeper understanding of the implications of digital currencies for modern economies and their role in the development of financial markets.
RUSSIAN CARGO TRANSPORTATION MARKET UNDER SANCTIONS PRESSURE
Authors: ЖУКОВСКАЯ И.Ф. , РАЗВОДНОВ А.Ю. 
Published: August 2024

Социально-экономическая и политическая нестабильность последних лет наглядно продемонстрировала необходимость внесения радикальных изменений в транспортно-логистическую отрасль и, прежде всего, грузоперевозки, с целью повышения её производительности и эластичности. В 2022 г. российская транспортная отрасль столкнулась с беспрецедентными санкциями, которые оказали значительное влияние не только на транспортные потоки, но и отрасль в целом. В статье проведён анализ развития грузовых перевозок в России в период станционного давления по различным видам транспорта, уделено внимание переориентации грузовых потоков и изменений в структуре грузоперевозок, определены проблемы, возникшие в отрасли.
The socio-economic and political instability of recent years has clearly demonstrated the need to make radical changes in the transport and logistics industry and, above all, cargo transportation, in order to increase its productivity and elasticity. In 2022, the Russian transport industry faced unprecedented sanctions, which had a significant impact not only on transport flows, but also on the industry as a whole. The article analyzes the development of freight transportation in Russia during the period of station pressure for various types of transport, pays attention to the reorientation of freight flows and changes in the structure of freight transportation, and identifies the problems that have arisen in the industry.
FUNCTIONAL TRAITS OF INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES IN RIPARIAN ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Ронжина Д.А. 
Published: August 2024

На Среднем Урале в сообществах прибрежно-водных растений на берегу р. Исеть изучены продукционные и листовые параметры у инвазионных Bidens frondosa L. и Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. и аборигенных видов B. tripartita L. и E. palustre L . Показано, что высота растений у изученных инвазионных видов была больше, чем у аборигенных видов, благодаря большей доле стеблей в биомассе растений. Сделано заключение, что большая конкурентоспособность инвазионных видов B. frondosa и E. adenocaulon по сравнению с аборигенными видами была обусловлена развитием большой относительной площади листьев на единицу массы растения у B. frondosa и формированием толстых и плотных листьев с высокой скоростью поглощения СО2 у E. adenocaulon .
Productive and leaf parameters of invasive Bidens frondosa L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn. and native species B. tripartita L. and E. palustre L. were studied in riparian plant communities on the banks of the Iset River in the Middle Urals. The plant height of the studied invasive species was greater than of native species due to the greater proportion of stems in the plant biomass. It was concluded that the greater competitiveness of invasive species B. frondosa and E. adenocaulon compared to native species was due to the development of a large leaf area ratio in B. frondosa and the formation of thick and dense leaves with a high CO assimilating rate in E. adenocaulon .
PERAN GURU PPKN DALAM MENCEGAH PERILAKU BULLYING DI SMAN 1 CIRANJANG
Authors: Pitri Anisa , Sumarna Sumarna , Suhendar Ilham Fajar 
Published: August 2024

AbstrakÂ Guru adalah seseorang yang penting melalui perannya untuk menciptakan dan membentuk sikap serta mencerdaskan siswa melalui ilmu pengetahuan. Guru PPKn merupakan pendidik dan inspirator di lingkungan sekolah yang bertujuan menjadikan siswa kreatif, inovatif dan terampil. Namun tidak hanya itu guru PPKn mempunyai peran penting untuk mencegah terjadinya hal yang menyimpang termasuk tindakan perilaku bullying pada siswa di lingkungan sekolah. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perilaku bullying sering terjadi terhadap siswa di lingkungan sekolah, banyak siswa menjadi korban bullying. Begitupun berdasarkan fakta yang ada saat ini pada kenyatannya masih banyak siswa yang melakukan perundungan atau kekerasan di lingkungan sekolah, baik itu bullying fisik maupun verbal. Oleh karena itu tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peran guru PPKn dalam mencegah perilaku bullying di SMA Negeri 1 Ciranjang. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menjelaskan hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat yaitu peran guru PPKn dalam mencegah perilaku bullying. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah mengumpulkan data angket, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Sampel penelitian ditarik dari kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Ciranjang sebanyak 25% dari jumlah populasi. Maka dari itu 25%dari jumlah populasi 180 populasi dapat diambil 45 siswa.Â Kesimpulan dalam peneltian ini bahwa Guru PPKn di SMAN 1 Ciranjang telah melaksanakan perannya yang baik sebagai pendidik dan inspirator kepada peserta didik, hal tersebut dapat terlihat sebagai bentuk edukasi kepada peserta didik dalam memberikan penjelasan untuk mencegah perilaku bullying.Â Kata kunci: Guru PPKn, Perilaku Bullying