bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological evaluation of the Noah‐MP land surface model for the Mississippi River Basin
Authors: Cai Xitian , Yang Zong‐Liang , David Cédric H. , Niu Guo‐Yue , Rodell Matthew 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis study evaluates regional‐scale hydrological simulations of the newly developed community Noah land surface model (LSM) with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP). The model is configured for the Mississippi River Basin and driven by the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 atmospheric forcing at 1/8° resolution. The simulations are compared with various observational data sets, including the U.S. Geological Survey streamflow and groundwater data, the AmeriFlux tower micrometeorological evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, the Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN)‐observed soil moisture data, and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite‐derived terrestrial water storage (TWS) anomaly data. Compared with these observations and to the baseline Noah LSM simulations, Noah‐MP shows significant improvement in hydrological modeling for major hydrological variables (runoff, groundwater, ET, soil moisture, and TWS), which is very likely due to the incorporation of some major improvements into Noah‐MP, particularly an unconfined aquifer storage layer for groundwater dynamics and an interactive vegetation canopy for dynamic leaf phenology. Noah‐MP produces soil moisture values consistent with the SCAN observations for the top two soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–40 cm), indicating its great potential to be used in studying land‐atmosphere coupling. In addition, the simulated groundwater spatial patterns are comparable to observations; however, the inclusion of groundwater in Noah‐MP requires a longer spin‐up time (34 years for the entire study domain). Runoff simulation is highly sensitive to three parameters: the surface dryness factor (α), the saturated hydraulic conductivity (k), and the saturated soil moisture (θmax).
Group sparse RLS algorithms
Authors: Eksioglu Ender M. 
Published: December 2013

SUMMARYGroup sparsity is one of the important signal priors for regularization of inverse problems. Sparsity with group structure is encountered in numerous applications. However, despite the abundance of sparsity‐based adaptive algorithms, attempts at group sparse adaptive methods are very scarce. In this paper, we introduce novel recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms regularized via penalty functions, which promote group sparsity. We present a new analytic approximation forℓp,0norm to utilize it as a group sparse regularizer. Simulation results confirm the improved performance of the new group sparse algorithms over regular and sparse RLS algorithms when group sparse structure is present. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling of Fluoroarenes and Amines
Authors: Zhu Feng , Wang Zhong‐Xia 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe combination of bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel [Ni(COD)2] and 1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene hydrochloride (IPr⋅HCl) effectively catalyzes coupling of fluoroarenes with amines in the presence of sodium tert‐butoxide (t‐BuONa). Activated, unactivated and deactivated fluoroarenes as well as fluoropyridines can react with cyclic or acyclic aliphatic amines. The reactions tolerate various functional groups in the fluorides including PhC(O), C(O)NEt2, CF3, OMe and vinyl groups.magnified image
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation‐Initiated Radical Oxidative Annulation toward Oxindoles
Authors: Lu Qingquan , Liu Chao , Peng Pan , Liu Zhiliang , Fu Lijun , Huang Jinguo , Lei Aiwen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed radical oxidative trifluoromethylation and arylation of electron‐withdrawing alkenes has been developed, in which economical sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate is used as the CF3 source. A preliminary kinetic investigation indicated that the generation of CF3 radicals under the mild conditions might be a facile process.
Serendipitous Discovery of a Potent Influenza Virus A Neuraminidase Inhibitor
Authors: Mohan Sankar , Kerry Philip S. , Bance Nicole , Niikura Masahiro , Pinto B. Mario 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe have previously reported a potent neuraminidase inhibitor that comprises a carbocyclic analogue of zanamivir in which the hydrophilic glycerol side chain is replaced by the hydrophobic 3‐pentyloxy group of oseltamivir. This hybrid inhibitor showed excellent inhibitory properties in the neuraminidase inhibition assay (Ki=0.46 nM; Ki (zanamivir)=0.16 nM) and in the viral replication inhibition assay in cell culture at 10−8 M. As part of this lead optimization, we now report a novel spirolactam that shows comparable inhibitory activity in the cell culture assay to that of our lead compound at 10−7 M. The compound was discovered serendipitously during the attempted synthesis of the isothiourea derivative of the original candidate. The X‐ray crystal structure of the spirolactam in complex with the N8 subtype neuraminidase offers insight into the mode of inhibition.
Oxidative Addition of 2‐Halogenoazoles—Direct Synthesis of Palladium(II) Complexes Bearing Protic NH,NH‐Functionalized NHC Ligands
Authors: Das Rajorshi , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe chemistry of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) is dominated by N,N′‐dialkylated or ‐diarylated derivatives. Such NHC ligands are normally obtained by C2‐deprotonation of azolium cations or by reductive elimination from azol‐2‐thiones. A simple one‐step procedure is described that leads to complexes with NH,NH‐functionalized NHC ligands by the oxidative addition of 2‐halogenoazoles to complexes of zero‐valent transition metals.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activities of Porphyrin‐Based PCP Pincer Complexes
Authors: Fujimoto Keisuke , Yoneda Tomoki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: December 2013

Abstract2,18‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)porphyrins undergo peripheral cyclometalation with group 10 transition‐metal salts to afford the corresponding porphyrin‐based PCP pincer complexes. The porphyrinic plane and the PCP‐pincer unit are apparently coplanar, with small strain. The catalytic activities of the porphyrin‐based pincer complexes at the periphery were investigated in the allylation of benzaldehyde with allylstannane and in the 1,4‐reduction of chalcone to discover the electronic interplay between the inner metal and the outer metal in catalysis.
Trajectory Tracking Control of a PVTOL Aircraft Based on Linear Algebra Theory
Authors: Gandolfo D. , Rosales C. , Patiño D. , Scaglia G. , Jordan M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this work, a trajectory tracking control design is proposed for the planar vertical takeoff and landing (PVTOL) aircraft using linear algebra theory. The resulting control law is implemented easily since the equation to be solved is not complex. The tracking is achieved providing convergence of the tracking errors to zero, and simulation results show the good performance of the proposed controller.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+‐doped YAl3(BO3)4phosphor
Authors: Satheesh Kumar R. , Ponnusamy V. , Jose M. T. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTA near ultraviolet excitable phosphor based on Sm3+‐doped YAl3(BO3)4has been synthesized by modified solid‐state reaction at 1000°C. The phase purity and photoluminescence (PL) behavior of the phosphor are studied in detail using the powder X‐ray diffraction technique and PL measurements. X‐ray diffraction reveals that the phase purity of YAl3(BO3)4critically depends upon the boric acid concentration. The phosphor has strong excitation at 406 nm in the near ultraviolet region (350–420 nm) and its emission peaks were monitored at 564, 599 and 643 nm. Further, detailed PL analysis demonstrates that the substitution of Sm3+ions at sites of Y3+and Al3+ions enhances the PL efficiency of the phosphor appreciably. First, the PL efficiency of YAl3(BO3)4:Sm3+was compared with commercial (Y,Gd)BO3:Eu3+red phosphor. The Fourier transform infrared study provides essential information regarding the change in metal–oxygen bond vibrations of the phosphor. The morphology of the phosphor was investigated through scanning electron microscopy, which reveals that the phosphor possessed distorted spherical and rectangular shapes with average grain sizes in the range 0.5–1 µm. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molekulare Studien an Ameisenbäumen
Authors: Guicking Daniela , Fiala Brigitte , Weising Kurt 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMyrmekophyten sind ständig von Ameisen besiedelte Pflanzen. Die Ameisen erhalten eine Wohnstatt und Futter von der Pflanze, im Gegenzug beschützen sie ihren Wirt vor Herbivoren und pflanzlichen Konkurrenten. Die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen tropischen Pionierbäumen der Gattung Macaranga und ihren Partnerameisen der Gattung Crematogaster stellen die bedeutendste und artenreichste mutualistische Ameisen‐Pflanzen‐Assoziation der Altwelttropen dar. Mit Hilfe vergleichender DNA‐Sequenzierung und molekularer Marker‐Technologien analysieren wir die Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse innerhalb der etwa 30 myrmekophytischen Macaranga‐Arten und ihre Co‐Evolution mit Ameisen sowie die Populationsgenetik und historische Biogeografie einzelner Artengruppen. Ausmaß und Strukturierung der genetischen Diversität dieser Pionierbaumarten zeigen interessante Korrelationen mit ihrer Reproduktionsbiologie und der Besiedlung von zunehmend fragmentierten Pionierhabitaten im tropischen Regenwald.
Formfleisch selbstgemacht
Authors: Högermann Christiane 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAm Beispiel des “Klebeenzyms” (mikrobielle) Transglutaminase, das vorwiegend zum “Verschmelzen” von Fleischstücken – auch von Schlachttieren unterschiedlicher Herkunft – dient, wird neben dem fachlichen Hintergrund eine einfache Versuchsreihe mit dem Ergebnis eines schnittfesten, aus Hackfleisch hergestellten Hackfleischblocks vorgestellt. Die drei Experimente veranschaulichen die grundlegende Wirkungsweise einer der industriell verwendeten Transglutaminase‐Mischungen.
Aal‐grün: Eine neue Farbe in der Fluoreszenz‐Toolbox
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFluoreszenz‐Proteine haben die experimentelle Biologie in den vergangenen Jahren revolutioniert: Ihr Aufleuchten zeigt, wann, wo und oft auch wozu entsprechend markierte Proteine in einer Zelle auftauchen. Neben dem grün fluoreszierenden Protein GFP (green fluorescent protein) aus der Qualle Aequorea verwenden Labore inzwischen modifizierte GFP‐artige Proteine mit anderen Fluoreszenzspektren und NIR‐Proteine (near infrared) aus Bakterien. Jetzt wurde im Aal ein Fluoreszenz‐Protein mit vollkommen neuen Eigenschaften und Einsatzmöglichkeiten entdeckt.
Der Kampf um die Seen in den fünf “neuen Ländern”
Authors: Oehler Jochen 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSeen sind komplex vernetzte und sensible ökologische Systeme, die durch eine Vielzahl anthropogener Einflüsse oder gar als Renditeobjekte Gefahr laufen, ihren natürlichen Charakter zu verlieren. Bis heute wurden schon etwa 14.000 ha Wasserfläche in der ehemaligen DDR an private Eigentümer verkauft – ohne dass die Öffentlichkeit viel davon erfuhr. Bürgerproteste sorgten für ein Umdenken, sodass nun viele Seen wieder im Besitz von Bundesländern wie Mecklenburg‐Vorpommern und Brandenburg sind.
Der BundesUmweltWettbewerb (BUW) –Wissen über und Handeln für die Umwelt
Authors: Eckhardt Marc 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSeit 1990 motiviert der BundesUmweltWettbewerb Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene, sich eines Umweltproblems anzunehmen und für dieses eigenständig Lösungen zu erarbeiten. Ein Blick auf die in den vergangenen 23 Jahren eingereichten Projekte zeigt, dass es sie tatsächlich gibt, die umweltengagierten und talentierten Nachwuchsforscher, die ihr Wissen auch in Handeln umsetzen. Bis zum 15. März 2014 werden noch Projekte für die nächste Wettbewerbsrunde angenommen.
Klein, aber oho: Mykoplasmen in der Zellkultur
Authors: Hauk Andrea 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWelcher Zellbiologe kennt sie nicht. Mykoplasmen fühlen sich in Zellkulturen so wohl wie Langschläfer im warmen, kuscheligen Bett. Was genau sind aber eigentlich Mykoplasmen? Und warum sind sie in Zellkulturlaboratorien so ungern gesehen?
Treffpunkt Futterplatz: Von Invasionsvögeln und anderen Wintergästen
Authors: Petrischak Hannes 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEine winterliche Futterstelle im Garten lockt eine große Vielfalt an Standvögeln, Durchzüglern und Wintergästen an. Recht bequem lassen sich dann vom Fenster aus auch Arten beobachten, die im Sommer sehr versteckt oder außerhalb der Ortschaften leben. Besonders spannend wird es in den Jahren, in denen es nordische Arten invasionsartig nach Mitteleuropa zieht.
Quantitative determination of alkannins and shikonins in endemic Mediterranean Alkanna species
Authors: Tappeiner Jasmin , Vasiliou Alexandra , Ganzera Markus , Fessas Dimitrios , Stuppner Hermann , Papageorgiou Vassilios P. , Assimopoulou Andreana N. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe optical antipodes alkannin/shikonin (A/S) and their esters are potent pharmaceutical substances found in the roots of 150 Boraginaceous species. This study estimated and compared total and free A/S content and A/S enantiomeric ratio in roots of 11 Alkanna species (A. corcyrensis, A. tinctoria, A. pindicola, A. orientalis, A. methanaea, A. calliensis, A. graeca, A. primuliflora, A. stribrnyi, A. sieberi and A. noneiformis) growing wild in various Greek regions, to compare with cultivated species. It also re‐characterized the chirality of A/S commercial samples, since most of them were misnamed by the providers. Several Alkanna species were collected (groups 1 and 3) and botanically identified, whereas some Alkanna species were cultivated from collected seeds (group 2). Free A/S and derivatives were extracted from the dried roots of Alkanna species and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). For total A/S content the hexane extracts of Alkanna roots were hydrolyzed and analyzed by HPLC‐DAD. Chirality determination and A/S enantiomeric ratio estimation was performed for several commercial samples by polarimetry,chiral LC‐DAD and circular dichroism studies. Quantitative analysis revealed that A/S content varied from one region to another even within the same species. Most of the cultivated samples contained greater amounts of free and total A/S compared with the wild ones, wheras no difference was observed in A/S enantiomeric ratio. All the Alkanna samples tested contain mainly alkannin derivatives. Some of the examined Alkanna species of the Greek flora that are endemic to the Mediterranean area could serve as alternative sources for medicinally valuable A/S derivatives. Most of the commercial A/S samples tested were misnamed in terms of chirality and re‐characterized. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selected ASIS&T board members discuss research trends in information science: A summary
Authors: Gainor Rhiannon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryA symposium organized by McGill University's iSchool students and director brought together past, current and future ASIS&T presidents and board members to discuss trends in information science research. The discussion revealed diverse opinions on the definition of information science, concerns about research practices and expected directions for future research. Definitions of the field focused on social questions in an information society, the intersection of information and technology and strategies to better connect information with users. Panelists exhorted attendees, many being students, to tackle big questions, consider the applications of their research and collaborate with other disciplines. The critical role and strength of information science should drive robust and compelling research, addressing areas of need from the personal to the national level. Specific topics needing investigation include big data, information security, information as a stimulus for creativity, personal information management and better integration with technology.
The discipline of organizing
Authors: Glushko Robert J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryIt is normal to organize our world, but doing so systematically is key and the subject of the book The Discipline of Organizing (TDO). The driving concept is that, while organization of resources is fundamental to library and information science, it is a central issue for many professional fields employing different organizational strategies and descriptive vernacular. To bring the diverse perspectives together, a broadly applicable, abstract framework can be used, based on an assessment of what is being organized, why, how much, when and by what means. These points of analysis of the resources to be organized inform organizational design decisions, considerations of stakeholders and costs and strategic planning for tools and methods. Principles underlying an organization system's design may draw on frequency of resource use or coordination of items, alphabetic or chronological ordering or unique approaches to manage hybrid and novel resources. The TDO philosophy reflects an information management approach that spans disciplinary silos and avoids field‐limited terminology, while building the critical skills of resource organization and management.
Learning and teaching information architecture: The current state of IA education
Authors: MacDonald Craig M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryHitting the mainstream in the late 1990s, the concept of information architecture (IA) grew within library and information science, but it is closely tied to multiple fields, making an organized approach to learning and teaching a challenge. A World IA Day 2013 session explored IA through a survey and town hall meeting for insight into how and where people learn the craft. Survey responses showed four in five information architects come from other than information and library disciplines, but about half took a college course in the field. The vast majority of survey respondents and town hall attendees cited practical experience as critical. Without a consensus on core concepts and skills in IA, educators have no clear direction as they try to prepare students for work. Until agreement is established, input from multiple disciplines and on‐the‐job learning will remain key, though inconsistent, parts of IA education.
Strategic action: Information architecture in platform migrations
Authors: Heffernan John R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEditor's SummaryInformation architects (IAs) have a strategic role to play, especially in firms that appreciate the need for clear and efficient user experiences. To support the end user, information must have value and be organized and understandable. An information domain model is a useful starting point to set the parameters of an organization's collection of online information resources. It provides a shared basis for stakeholders to analyze and discuss the domain, working toward a common and well‐developed mental model and foundation for information architecture work. For the IA, it becomes the basis for sorting and mapping pieces of information during a platform migration or other transition. The IA's focus is on deep understanding of content to define and strategically manage knowledge units. Developing and implementing an information domain model supports the goal of enhancing the user's experience through content structure and findability.
Chemosystematic Analyses of Gingidia Volatiles
Authors: Sansom Catherine E. , Heenan Peter B. , Perry Nigel B. , Smallfield Bruce M. , van Klink John W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe leave volatiles of six Gingidia species from New Zealand and Australia and the seed volatiles of G. grisea were characterized by solid‐phase microextraction (SPME)‐GC/MS analysis. This technique, using a small quantity of samples and automated extraction, gave repeatable results, with maximum sensitivity for medium volatility compounds. The major monoterpenes among the volatiles, i.e., β‐phellandrene (4), limonene (6), and γ‐terpinene (5), and phenylpropanoids, i.e., estragole (3), (E)‐anethole (7), and myristicin (1), showed to be useful chemotaxonomic markers. For G. grisea leaves and seeds, similar compositions were detected, characterized by high contents of 4. As leaves were more readily available for study than seeds, they were used for further investigations. The G. grisea leaf volatiles showed infraspecific variation in the ratio of 4/5 between and within sites of collection. The G. montana leaf volatiles also showed infraspecific variation, with high contents of 3 at one site and high contents of 7 at another. The SPME‐GC/MS analysis of G. montana herbarium voucher specimens resulted in the identification of further chemotypes for this species. The volatiles of the G. amphistoma samples were all dominated by 7 and those of the G. haematitica samples were rich in 5. Moreover, single plants of two Australian Gingidia species were analyzed; the volatiles of G. harveyana showed high concentrations of 5 and 7, whereas those of G. rupicola were dominated by 5 and 1.
The Creation of Proton Hopping from a DrugReceptor Encounter
Authors: Kier Lemont B. , Hall Lowell H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe extend recent modeling studies of proton hopping, used to describe the functioning of membrane channels and axon nerve conduction, to offer an explanation of the initiation of the nerve impulse at an effectorligand encounter. This encounter is proposed to create a hydronium ion in the vicinity of the effector and ligand, which leads to a continuous flow of protons, called proton hopping, through water adjacent to this encounter. This proton hopping is proposed to be the message carried from the encounter to the axon of a particular nerve system associated with that particular effectorligand system.
Synthesis of 5‐Fluorouridine Nucleolipid Derivatives and Their Cytostatic/Cytotoxic Activities on Human HT‐29 Colon Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Malecki Edith , Farhat Anisa , Bonaterra Gabriel A. , Röthlein Doris , Wolf Martin , Schmitt Jürgen , Kinscherf Ralf , Rosemeyer Helmut 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOne of the major drawbacks of chemotherapeutics is their insufficient penetration through cell membranes due to a high hydrophobicity. Thus, we have synthesized a series of selected nucleolipid derivatives of 5‐fluorouridine (5‐FUrd; 2a), carrying lipophilic moieties at N(3) and/or in the 2′,3′‐O‐position (i.e., 3a–7a and 3c), and tested their cytostatic/cytotoxic activities using HT‐29 human colon carcinoma cells, in comparison with, e.g., 5‐FU (1) and 5‐FUrd (2a). Incorporation and intracellular localization of the substances under test were performed after conjugation with the fluorochrome Atto 425. We showed that all 5′‐O‐labelled Atto 425 derivatives were incorporated by the human HT‐29 cells and accumulated in their cytoplasm. Moreover, after 24‐h treatment of HT‐29 human colon carcinoma cells, 1 or 2a (10, 20, 40, or 80 μM) revealed a significant (14–23 or 33–45%, resp.) decrease of the viability in comparison with the (negative) control. Interestingly, derivatives 3a and 3c (40 and 80 μM) led to a significant (77–95 or 89–96%, resp.) inhibition of survival of human HT29 cells, i.e., these two substances were ca. 63–72% or ca. 75%, respectively more effective than 5‐FU (1; positive control). Furthermore, derivative 5a showed a significant, i.e., 30 and 86%, inhibition of the survival at 40 and 80 μM, respectively in comparison with the (negative) control. Some synthesized 5‐FUrd derivatives turned out to be more effective than 5‐FU (1) or 5‐FUrd (2a).