bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia activation in mice retina contralateral to experimental glaucoma: increased cell number and retraction of processes beyond GCL
Authors: RAMIREZ AI , GALLEGO B , ROJAS B , DE HOZ R , SALAZAR JJ , VALIENTE‐SORIANO FJ , AVILES‐TRIGUEROS M , VILLEGAS PEREZ MP , VIDAL‐SANZ M , TRIVINO A , RAMIREZ JM 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyse quantitatively retinal microglia signs of activation after two weeks of laser‐induced ocular hypertension (OHT) in OHT‐eyes and their contralateral eyesMethods Adult albino Swiss mice were assigned to two groups: naïve (n=6) and lasered (n=9). Anti‐Iba1 was used in retinal whole‐mounts to analyse microglial number and the area covered by each microglial cell (arbor area)Results In naïve, contralateral and OHT‐eye microglia were distributed throughout the retina in the photoreceptor layer (PRL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), nerve‐fibre layer (NFL) and ganglion‐cell layer (GCL). In comparison with naïve, contralateral eyes and OHT‐eyes showed a significant increase in the number of microglial (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively) and in the area of the retina occupied by microglial cells in the NFL GCL (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). OHT eyes exhibited significantly higher values than did contralateral eyes for microglial number (p<0.001) and for the area of the retina occupied by microglial cells in the NFL‐GCL (p<0.001). In comparison with naïve, the microglial arbor area in the OPL and IPL was decreased in both OHT eyes (p<0.001 in both instances) and in contralateral untreated eyes (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively)Conclusion Two weeks of laser‐induced OHT induce an increase of microglia number and retraction of processes beyond the GCL both in OHT eyes as well as in contralateral normotensive untreated eyes. Differences between the two groups could help to elucidate glaucoma pathophysiology. (OFTARED Grant RD12/0034/0002 and RD12/0034/0014)
A novel proteotoxic stress‐associated mechanism for macular corneal dystrophy
Authors: KAARNIRANTA K , SZALAI E , SMEDOWSKI A , WYLEGALA E , FELSZEGHY S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Macular corneal dystrophy is a rare autosomal recessive eye disease primarily affecting the corneal stroma. Abnormal deposits have been observed intra‐ and extracellularly in the stromal layer. In addition to the stromal keratocytes and corneal lamellae, deposits are also present in the basal epithelial cells, endothelial cells and Descemet's membrane. Misfolded proteins have a tendency to gather into aggregating deposits. We studied the interaction of molecular chaperones and proteasomal clearance in macular dystrophy human samples and in human corneal HCE‐2 epithelial cells in this disease.Methods Seven cases of macular dystrophy and 5 normal human corneal buttons were collected during corneal transplantation. Fluorescent immunohistochemistry on human donor corneal button was used to verify the spatial distribution pattern of selected Hsp70, SQSTM1/p62 and ubiquitin molecules, respectively. The expression level of these proteins were analysed in HCE‐2 cells using western blotting and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.Results Highly elevated Hsp70, SQSTM1/p62 and ubiquitin protein conjugates were observed in intracellular space of the epithelial cells in macular dystrophies. All the studied proteins were also highly elevated under proteasome inhibition in human corneal epithelial HCE‐2 cells in cell cultures.Conclusion We report a novel proteostatic regulatory mechanism that connects the molecular chaperone and proteasomal clearance system with the pathogenesis of macular corneal dystrophy.
presbyopia and hyperopia treatment by Presbylasik using a central multifocal excimer laser profile with a micromonovision
Authors: SAIB N , ABRIEU N , BERGUIGA M , RAMBAUD C , FENOLLAND JR , BONNEL S , FROUSSART‐MAILLE F , RIGAL‐SASTOURNE JC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To analyze the efficacity and satisfaction of treatment by hyperopic presbyopia with a new in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure, Supracor( Technolas Perfect Vision).Methods This retrospective study included 58 eyes of 29 patients treated with a new central multifocal presbyLASIK with a micromonovision using the Technolas 217P excimer laser between september 2011 to september 2013. Mean patient age was 55 years (range 47 to 62 years). The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction was +1.3D. The main outcome measure were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected reading ability, aberrometry, the bump and the satisfaction of the patients.Results The mean binocular UDVA was 0.09 logMAR‐/+0.15 for distance vision and 0.22 logMAR+/‐0.11 for near vision the day postoperatively , 0.04 logMAR+/‐0.14 for distance vision and 0.17 logMAR+/‐0.12 for near vision at 1 months , 0.15 logMAR+/‐0.23 and 0.19logMAR+/‐0.18 respectively at 3 months and ‐0.02 logMAR+/‐0.06 and 0.18 logMAR +/‐0.11 respectively at 6 months. The mean bump was 2.56+/‐0.9D. The median total RMS increased from 0.30µm +/‐0.07 preoperatively to 0.46µm+/‐0.14 postoperatively (p<0.01). 3 patients had a retreatment : 2 in the dominant eye to improve the UDVA of distance vision and 1 in the nondominant eye to improve near vision. 86% of patients report an independance of glasses for daily activities using near, intermediate and distance vision. 100% of patients would recommend these procedure to their friends.Conclusion Central Presbylasik with micromonovision provided a high level of independance for near, intermediate and far vision.
Distribution of orbscan indices in a young population of Iran
Authors: YEKTA AA , HASHEMI H , KHABAZKHOOB M , YAZDANI N , OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , DERAKHSHAN A , MOUSAVI M , HERAVIAN J , NOROUZIRAD R , YEKTA R 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine the distribution of keratometric indices, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, pupil diameter and corneal diameter by Orbscan in a young Iranian population.Methods In this cross‐sectional study, samples were selected through multistage cluster sampling from among the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran. After performing refraction and retinoscopy, Orbscan was used for imaging.Results Of 1330 selected students, 1121 participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, final analysis was performed on 1051 subjects. The mean age of the subjects was 26.1±3.2 years (19‐34 years old). The mean and 95% confidence interval (CI) of maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, pupil diameter corneal diameter, anterior chamber depth, and central corneal thickness were 44.5(44.4‐44.6), 43.1(43.0‐43.2), 4.3(4.3‐4.4), 11.7(11.7‐11.7), 3.7(3.6‐3.7) and 550.5 (548.4‐552.6), respectively. After adjusting with age and spherical equivalent (SE), the maximum and minimum keratometry, thinnest corneal thickness were higher in females while the corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth were more in males. Corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth showed significant changes with age. The SE was only correlated significantly with maximum keratometry and anterior chamber depth.Conclusion The results of this study showed the normal ranges and averages of some Orbscan indices in a young Iranian population. The insignificant changes of the corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth with age and the differences between males and females in the evaluated indices should be considered in refractive surgery.
Structure of Collagen fibril and proteoglycans at different depth of corneal stroma of CXL treated rats
Authors: AKHTAR S , SMEDOWSKI A , KHAN A , KAARNIRANTA K , ALMUBRAD T 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose In the present study we assess the effects of collagen cross‐linking on ultrastructure organization of collagen fibrils (CF) and proteoglycans (PGs) in a rat model.Methods The corneas were treated with a standard cross linking (CXL) method with isotonic riboflavin. Scelral‐corneal rings were removed one week after the treatment. All samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde containing cuprolinic blue in sodium acetate buffer and processed for electron microscopy.Results The CXL rat corneal stroma thickness increased compared to the normal rat corneal stromal thickness. The collagen fibril diameter (29.28±3.42nm) in the anterior stroma of CXL rats was larger compared to the CF diameter (27.76±3.77nm) of the anterior stroma of control rats. Within the CXL rat corneal stroma, the CF diameter (29.28±3.42nm) and the interfibrillar spacing (43.01±3.32nm) in the anterior stroma were larger compared to the diameter (26.07±2.8nm) and interfibrillar spacing (41.27±3.52nm) in the posterior stroma. The PGs mean area was larger in the posterior stroma (260.1±282.395nm2) than the PGs mean area in the anterior stroma (209.98±177.0nm2) within the corneal stroma of the CXL rat.Conclusion The present study demonstrates that CXL leads to an increase in the CF diameter and interfibrilar spacing and reduces the PGs area in the anterior stroma of the CXL rats. The changes in the collagen fibril diameter could be due to an increase in the spacing between the microfibrils within the collagen fibrils. The increase in interfibrillar spacing could be due to an increase in hydration in the corneal stroma.
Treatment of alkali‐injured corneas by nanofibers seeded with mesenchymal stem cells or loaded with cyclosporine a
Authors: HOLAN V , CEJKOVA J , CEJKA C , TROSAN P , ZAJICOVA A 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Purpose. To test a possibilty to treat the early corneal inflammation occuring after alkali injury by nanofiber scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or loaded with cyclosporine A (CsA).Methods Methods. The alkali was applied on the cornea of the rabbit eyes. The eyes were rinsed with the excess of physiological solution and covered with nanofiber scaffold seeded with rabbit bone marrow‐derived MSCs or with nanofibers loaded with CsA. At different time intervals after the injury the eyes were analyzed macroscopically, immunohistochemically and biochemically.Results Results. Treatment of alkali‐injured eyes with MSCs or CsA significantly attenuated the local inflammatory reaction. The therapeutic effects were characterized clinically, according to a reduced infiltration with inflammatory cells, by a lower neovascularization and by decreased expression of genes for proinflammatory molecules IL‐1beta, IL‐2, IFN‐gamma and iNOS and for vascular endothelial growth factor. These anti‐inflammatory effects were accompanied by a more rapid regeneration of the corneal epithelium and by increased expression of gene for cytokeratin K12.Conclusion Conclusion. The results demonstrate that MSC‐seeded or CsA‐loaded nanofiber scaffolds represent a promising therapeutic tool for the treatment of alkali‐induced ocular surface injuries
Diquafosol sodium ophthalmic solution for the treatment of dry eye in soft contact lens wearers
Authors: YAMADA M , SHIGEYASU C , FUKUI M 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Ocular dryness, experienced by up to 75% of soft contact lens (SCL) wearers, is the main reason for its discontinuation. The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of topical application of diquafosol sodium for the treatment of dry eye in SCL wearers. In addition to clinical tests, we used a wheat germ agglutinin conjugate of fluorescein (F‐WGA) and fluorophotometry to evaluate the glycocalyx in the ocular surface in vivo.Methods Twelve SCL wearers with dry eye symptoms (31.3 ± 6.8 year‐old) were treated with 3% diquafosol eyedrops for 4 weeks. The clinical tests included tear break‐up time (BUT), Schirmer test, fluorescein staining score, and subjective symptoms evaluated by the Dry Eye Related Quality of Life Score (DEQS). Five minutes after a 5% F‐WGA solution was applied to the eye, fluorescent intensities in the central cornea were measured by fluorophotometry.Results When comparing before and after diquafosol treatment for 4 weeks, BUT (3.6±2.2 sec to 5.0±2.1 sec, p=0.003), kerato‐conjunctival staining score (2.8±1.8 to 2.1±1.4, p=0.045) and DEQS score (19.2±12.7 to 10.6±12.5, p=0.0032) showed statistically significant improvements (Wilcoxon signed‐rank test). F‐WGA fluorescent intensities in the central cornea (571.8±227.8 to 794.6±219.4, p<0.0001) significantly increased, and had a significant correlation with BUT.Conclusion Fluorophotometric measurement of WGA staining appears to reflect the glycocalyx in the corneal epithelium, and therefore can be a good indicator of the ocular surface wettability. Topical application of diquafosol sodium improved subjective symptoms of SCL wearers with dry eye, possibly by enhancing tear film stability and reducing damage of ocular surface epithelia.
Evaluation of self‐report questionnaires as predictive tests for obtaining pathological schirmer i, tear film break‐up time and ocular protection index scores in dry eye disease patients
Authors: BADIAN R , UTHEIM TP , RÆDER S , UTHEIM Ø , CHEN X , EIDET JR 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To assess if the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and McMonnie’s self‐report questionnaires can be used as predictive tests for obtaining pathological Schirmer I, tear film break‐up time (TFBUT) and ocular protection index (OPI) scores in a Norwegian cohort of dry eye disease (DED) patients.Methods Two hundred and fifty‐two patients with DED of mixed etiology were consecutively included in the study. Pathological Schirmer I, TFBUT, and OPI scores were defined as <10 mm, <10 s and <1, respectively. All patients received an extensive ophthalmological work‐up and completed the OSDI and the McMonnie’s questionnaires. Receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to assess the ability of the OSDI and McMonnie’s questionnaires to predict pathological scores.Results Maximal sensitivity (0.58) and specificity (0.67) for predicting a pathological OPI score was obtained by using 15.7 as OSDI cutoff value (area under the ROC curve 0.63; P=0.003). For Schirmer I, the maximal sensitivity (0.58) and specificity (0.60) for predicting a pathological score was obtained when using 13.6 as the OSDI cutoff value (area under the ROC curve 0.59; P=0.015). The McMonnies questionnaire could not predict either the pathological OPI or Schirmer I scores. Neither OSDI nor McMonnie’s questionnaires were able to predict pathological TFBUT scores.Conclusion Cutoff values for the OSDI, but not the McMonnie’s questionnaire can be defined to predict pathological Schirmer I and OPI scores in DED patients with moderate sensitivity and specificity.
Clinical performance of preservative‐free, hypotonic solution of 0.15% sodium hyaluronate for mild to moderate dry eye
Authors: PURSLOW C 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose The viscoelastic and hydration properties of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) make it the ingredient of choice in modern topical formulations for relief of dry eye symptoms, but there are few that present it as a hypotonic preparation without preservatives, both properties known to be beneficial for dry eye management. This study was designed to investigate the patient satisfaction and clinical performance of Hyabak (R) (Laboratoires Thea, France) in a group of volunteers with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms.Methods Thirty volunteers (8M, 22F; mean age 66.6 (SD 9.9) years) with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms, as assessed by the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire), were recruited from an older population around Plymouth, UK. Participants were assessed at baseline and after 10 days of treatment with Hyabak (4 drops daily to each eye). The following was recorded at each visit: bulbar and limbal redness, corneal and conjunctival staining, tear film stability, ocular comfort using visual analogue scales (VAS) and OSDI scores.Results Ocular comfort and OSDI scores showed significant improvements by day 10 (by 35% and 34% respectively; p<0.001). Average cornea and conjunctival staining decreased by 50% and 56% (both p<0.001), respectively. Improvements in bulbar and limbal redness were significant (p<0.001), and the improvement in tear film stability after 10 days was statistically significant (p<0.001) but clinically small (average increase +1.1 seconds)Conclusion Statistically and clinically significant improvements in the key clinical indicators of success, including patient comfort, can be seen after only ten days using this preservative‐free, hypotonic formulation in mild to moderate dry eye.
Commercial interest
Decreased basal tear in aged mice is linked to morphological and functional changes in corneal sensory nerve fibers
Authors: IÑIGO PORTUGUÉS A , ALCALDE I , GONZÁLEZ‐GONZÁLEZ O , GALLAR J , BELMONTE C , MERAYO‐LLOVES J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To determine whether the effects of aging on density, morphology and functional activity of corneal cold sensory nerve fibers are associated with changes in basal tearing rate.Methods TRPM8‐EYFP and TRPM8‐KO mice of different ages ranging from 90 to 720 postnatal days were studied. Basal tearing was measured in anesthetized animals, using phenol red threads. Corneal nerves expressing EYFP protein were identified in whole mount corneas using immunohistochemical techniques. Also, trigeminal ganglia (TG) were processed for immunofluorescence techniques against TrkA and CGRP. Extracellular electrical activity of single sensory nerve endings of the corneal surface was recorded in excised and superfused eyes.Results The number of TRPM8+ fibers and nerve terminals decreased with age. Also, fibers of p90 mice were morphologically different from those of p720 TRPM8‐EYFP mice resembling those found in TRPM8‐KO mice. Basal tearing rate decreased in parallel with the reduction in number of TRPM8+ fibers. Two different populations of sensory nerve endings responding to cold were distinguished electrophysiologically: Low and High‐threshold cold terminals. With aging, the incidence of low‐threshold cold nerve endings decreased while more high‐threshold nerve endings were found. Also, a population of non‐peptidergic and another of peptidergic TRPM8+ neurons were distinguished in the TG.Conclusion Corneal cold sensory fibers and terminals of TRPM8‐EYFP mice developed parallel changes in number and morphology, functional activity and basal tearing rate during aging, thus supporting the hypothesis that cold thermoreceptor activity and basal tearing are functionally associated.
Plasmapheresis and autologous serum eye‐drops in the treatment of acute ocular complications from toxic epidermal necrolysis (Lyell syndrome)
Authors: PINNA A , NUVOLI E , BLASETTI F , POSADINU MA 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, life‐threatening, drug‐induced, mucocutaneous disease, which can affect the ocular surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute ocular complications from TEN and investigate on the efficacy of plasmapheresis and serum‐eyedrops in the treatment of this condition.Methods A retrospective chart review of all Burn Unit patients admitted from 2009‐2013 identified 7 TEN patients (2 men, 5 women; mean age: 69.6±20.3 years). TEN was associated with allopurinol use in 4 patients, with gefitinib in 1, and with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole in 1. In the remaining patient, the causative agent was not identified. Acute bilateral ocular complications were observed in 5 patients; 3 showed mild ocular surface inflammation, whereas 2 had severe pseudomembranous conjunctivitis with corneal ulcers. All TEN patients were immediately treated with plasmapheresis.Results In the 2‐3 weeks after plasmapheresis, there was a marked improvement of the patients' general condition. In those with mild ocular surface inflammation, the use of preservative‐free artificial tears and steroids was beneficial. In the 2 with pseudomembranous conjunctivitis and corneal ulcers, treatment with autologous serum eye‐drops and preservative‐free artificial tears was effective, resulting in corneal epithelium healing and mild conjunctival scarring.Conclusion Not all TEN patients have ocular complications at onset. Plasmapheresis may be life‐saving and contribute to reduce ocular surface inflammation. Autologous serum eye‐drops prepared after plasmaferesis may be helpful in the management of the acute ocular complications caused by TEN.
Secondary, vocational crystalline keratopathy – case report
Authors: WYLEGALA E , SMEDOWSKI A , JANISZEWSKA D , TARNAWSKA D , NOWINSKA A , DOBROWOLSKI D 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose To present case of secondary, vocational crystalline keratopathy in patient with history of long‐time exposure to glass wool.Methods The patient was consulted in Ophthalmology Outpatient Clinic because of suspicion of crystalline keratopathy of unknown origin. The following tests were performed: basic slit lamp examination, corneal scans using OCT Visante (Zeiss, Germany) and corneal confocal microscopy in vivo (Rostock Cornea Module, Heidelberg Engineering Retina tomograph III).Results On a slit lamp examination we described macroscopic crystal deposits within epithelial layer. In the images from the OCT Visante ‐ hiperreflective deposits obscuring other structures of the cornea were present only in epithelial and subepithelial layers. Crystals were not crossing Bowman membrane border. The corneal confocal microscopy images described monomorphic needle‐like crystals without arborations, covered by epithelial cells and infiltrating epithelial layer, epithelial basal membrane and Bowman membrane. Anterior and posterior stroma presented no abnormalities. On anamnesis patient reported history of 25 years of occupational exposure to glass wool. Additionally we excluded other possible causes of crystalline keratopathy, such as hypercholesterolemia, hiperuricemia, cystinosis and hematopoietic disorders.Conclusion Corneal confocal microscopy is a useful tool for the detection and differentiation of corneal keratopathies of uncertain etiology.
Circumferential lymphangiectasia haemorrhagica conjunctivae: a rare case of spontaneous resolution
Authors: ASCASO FJ , HUERVA V , TRAVESET A , SANCHEZ MC 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose Lymphangiectasia haemorrhagica conjunctivae (LHC) is a rare condition in which the lymphatic channels in the bulbar conjunctiva are dilated and filled with blood. LHC occurs as the result of a connection between conjunctival lymphatic and blood vessels. There have only been a few reported cases of spontaneous attacks followed by rapid resolution. Our purpose is to present the first reported case of LHC involving 360 degrees of bulbar conjunctiva.Methods This case report shows the characteristics of LHC, such as segmental constrictions and balloon‐shaped dilations of blood‐filled lymphatic vessels in the conjunctiva. Anterior segment photographs confirmed that the blood resolved spontaneously in our patient without requiring any further intervention.Results A 36‐year‐old woman complained of spontaneous ocular redness, showing a circumferential engorgement of the bulbar conjunctival vessels consistent with the diagnosis of LHC. One month later, varicose tortuous and transparent lymphatic vessels at the site of previously blood filled vessels were noted as linear bulbar swelling with the classic “string of pearls” appearance. No recurrence was observed after 18 months follow‐up. Surgical excision or laser treatment was not necessary.Conclusion This case is exceptional because of the anatomic location, the full hemorrhagic component of the dilated vessels and the absence of recurrences following its complete resolution. Ophthalmologists should be aware of the possibility of LCH when examining conjunctival hemorrhages.