bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistent prediction of well paths and geological surfaces
Authors: Vázquez Ariel Almendral , Dahle Pål , Abrahamsen Petter , Sektnan Audun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose a smooth stochastic process for modeling the vertical well path uncertainty. This process describes the accumulation of measurement errors along the well path. We combine the stochastic process with a stochastic model for surfaces into a consistent framework for simultaneous prediction of well paths and surfaces. We show properties of the proposed stochastic process and provide examples of interaction between wells and surfaces.
Effectiveness of Reading Interventions on Literacy Skills for Chinese Children with and Without Dyslexia: a Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ruan Yijun , Maurer Urs , McBride Catherine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis meta-analysis synthesizes 49 standardized mean-change differences between control and treatment groups as effect sizes from 28 independent studies, investigating the efficacy of existing reading interventions on literacy skills for Chinese children. Six potentially important moderators were considered in this study. These moderators included intervention outcome, intervention method, intervention timing, participant type, intervention form, and intervention implementer. Overall, the existing reading intervention significantly impacted Chinese children’s literacy achievement (g = 0.68). Different intervention methods showed somehow different effects on literacy outcomes. Specifically, fluency training (g = 1.78) appeared as the most effective intervention method with a large effect. Working memory training (g = 0.80), phonological training (g = 0.69), orthographic training (g = 0.70), and morphological training (g = 0.66) had significant and medium effects on improving literacy skills of Chinese children. In addition, reading intervention improved literacy skills of older children (g = 0.90) and younger children (g = 0.63) comparably. However, children with dyslexia (g = 0.87) seemed to benefit more than typically developing children (g = 0.49) from reading interventions. Reading interventions seemed to have a better effect on word spelling (g = 0.93) than word reading (g = 0.63). Interventions delivered in group (g = 0.78) seemed to be more effective than interventions delivered individually (g = 0.45). Children gained more from interventions administered by researchers (g = 0.85) or combined implementers (g = 1.11) than by parents (g = 0.27). These findings suggest that appropriate reading interventions are effective and essential for improving the literacy outcomes of Chinese children, but the efficacy might be different depending on the intervention methods, children’s literacy status, outcome measures, and intervention settings.
Autopsy rates and the misclassification of suicide and accident deaths
Authors: Schmeckenbecher Jim , Kapusta Nestor Damian , Krausz Reinhard Michael , Emilian Christina Alma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMortality statistics are critical to determine the burden of disease. Certain causes of death are prone to being misclassified on cause of death certificates. This poses a serious risk for public health and safety, as accurate death certificates form the basis for mortality statistics, which in turn are crucial for research, funding allocation and health interventions. This study uses generalised estimating equations and regression modelling to investigate for which cause of death categories suicide and accident deaths are misclassified as. National mortality statistics and autopsy rates from North America and Europe covering the past forty years were analysed to determine the associations between the different causes of death in cross-sectional and longitudinal models. We find that suicides and deaths by accidents are frequently mutually misclassified. We also find that suicides are frequently misclassified as drug use disorder deaths, in contrast to accident deaths, which are not misclassified as drug use disorder deaths. Furthermore, suicides do not seem to be misclassified as undetermined deaths or ill-defined deaths. The frequency of misclassification shows that the quality of death certificates should be improved, and autopsies may be used systematically to control the quality of death certificates.
Test-based patch clustering for automatically-generated patches assessment
Authors: Martinez Matias , Kechagia Maria , Perera Anjana , Petke Justyna , Sarro Federica , Aleti Aldeida 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that Automated Program Repair (apr) techniques suffer from the overfitting problem. Overfitting happens when a patch is run and the test suite does not reveal any error, but the patch actually does not fix the underlying bug or it introduces a new defect that is not covered by the test suite. Therefore, the patches generated by apr tools need to be validated by human programmers, which can be very costly, and prevents apr tool adoption in practice. Our work aims to minimize the number of plausible patches that programmers have to review, thereby reducing the time required to find a correct patch. We introduce a novel light-weight test-based patch clustering approach called xTestCluster, which clusters patches based on their dynamic behavior. xTestCluster is applied after the patch generation phase in order to analyze the generated patches from one or more repair tools and to provide more information about those patches for facilitating patch assessment. The novelty of xTestCluster lies in using information from execution of newly generated test cases to cluster patches generated by multiple APR approaches. A cluster is formed of patches that fail on the same generated test cases. The output from xTestCluster gives developers a) a way of reducing the number of patches to analyze, as they can focus on analyzing a sample of patches from each cluster, b) additional information (new test cases and their results) attached to each patch. After analyzing 902 plausible patches from 21 Java apr tools, our results show that xTestCluster is able to reduce the number of patches to review and analyze with a median of 50%. xTestCluster can save a significant amount of time for developers that have to review the multitude of patches generated by apr tools, and provides them with new test cases that expose the differences in behavior between generated patches. Moreover, xTestCluster can complement other patch assessment techniques that help detect patch misclassifications.
Integrated planning approach for fleet sizing and fleet management of freight railcars
Authors: Hrušovský Martin , Hemmelmayr Vera , Schett Georg , Birkmaier Alexandra , Schlund Sebastian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the general support for rail as sustainable and efficient transport mode, its share on modal split remains rather low. One of the reasons for this is the low flexibility and adaptability of rail system to changes in, e.g., demand due to the complex multi-stage planning processes that are partly done manually. In our paper we focus on the fleet planning process for freight railcars and we propose an integrated planning approach consisting of two parts. Firstly, a fleet sizing optimization model is applied to obtain the optimal assignment of railcars to customers’ orders. Within this model, we consider a heterogeneous fleet and take into account substitution between clusters and customers’ preferences. The optimal fleet size is computed on a monthly basis for a planning horizon of multiple years, accounting also for railcar flows between months and years. Secondly, a fleet management model in form of knowledge-based decision support system is applied to help the planner to make changes in the fleet mix by investing into or leasing new railcars, performing revisions and decommissioning of old or unutilized railcars. As also illustrated in the designed real-world case study, the integrated planning approach is able to provide the planner with an overview of possible actions including their direct impact on the fleet mix for a mid-term planning horizon.
A survey on dynamic populations in bio-inspired algorithms
Authors: Farinati Davide , Vanneschi Leonardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPopulation-Based Bio-Inspired Algorithms (PBBIAs) are computational methods that simulate natural biological processes, such as evolution or social behaviors, to solve optimization problems. Traditionally, PBBIAs use a population of static size, set beforehand through a specific parameter. Nevertheless, for several decades now, the idea of employing populations of dynamic size, capable of adjusting during the course of a single run, has gained ground. Various methods have been introduced, ranging from simpler ones that use a predefined function to determine the population size variation, to more sophisticated methods where the population size in different phases of the evolutionary process depends on the dynamics of the evolution itself and events occurring within the population during the run. The common underlying idea in many of these approaches, is similar: to save a significant amount of computational effort in phases where the evolution is functioning well, and therefore a large population is not needed. This allows for reusing the previously saved computational effort when optimization becomes more challenging, and hence a greater computational effort is required. Numerous past contributions have demonstrated a notable advantage of using dynamically sized populations, often resulting in comparable results to those obtained by the standard PBBIAs but with a significant saving of computational effort. However, despite the numerous successes that have been presented, to date, there is still no comprehensive collection of past contributions on the use of dynamic populations that allows for their categorization and critical analysis. This article aims to bridge this gap by presenting a systematic literature review regarding the use of dynamic populations in PBBIAs, as well as identifying gaps in the research that can lead the path to future works.
Approximating photon trajectories in spherically symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Sultana Joseph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we use the Homotopy analysis method to obtain an analytic approximation for the entire photon trajectory in the Schwarzschild spacetime. This is usually expressed exactly in terms of an elliptic integral. We compare our approximation with other formulae found in the literature, which were specifically obtained for the Schwarzschild solution. Unlike some of these formulae, our approximation can be applied and maintains a good accuracy for emission point close to the event horizon and also for emission angles close to and greater than $$\pi /2$$

π
/
2

. We show that our method can easily be applied to other spherically symmetric solutions such as the Reissner-Nordström solution. Such an approximation would be useful when accurate determination of the light trajectories around compact objects is required without the need to revert to time consuming numerical integration of elliptic integrals.
Disorientation as an Emotional Experience: An Introduction from an Interactionist Perspective
Authors: Cabanas Edgar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDisorientation is a versatile, multidisciplinary concept. Whether associated with its spatial meaning or its non-spatial, more metaphorical sense, various disciplines have used disorientation to describe a broad range of philosophical, cultural, and social phenomena in the last decades. However, the focus on the concept from an emotional perspective remains scarce. To expand the current investigation on the topic, the present paper attempts a first approach to conceptualize disorientation as an emotional experience from an interactionist perspective. The paper reviews the previous literature, provides theoretical background and a working definition for the concept, and examines prototypical situations that are potentially disorienting for individuals, emphasizing the social and situated nature of the disorienting experience. The paper also comments on the relationships between disorientation and culture and points out some implications of the concept in mental health and psychological distress. Altogether, the paper argues about the value of disorientation as a powerful construct to gain insight into what, why, and how traumatic and everyday situations as well as current cultural and social challenges impact people emotionally.
Conceptions of career choice and attainment in Portuguese preschool and elementary-school children
Authors: Oliveira Íris M. , Howard Kimberly A. S. , Marques Cátia , Silva Ana Daniela , do Céu Taveira Maria 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Conceptions of Career Choice and Attainment (CCCA) model has been supporting research on children’s career reasoning, particularly in the USA. This study examines the applicability of the CCCA model to Portuguese preschool and elementary-school children. The CCCA interview was answered by 101 children (38.6% preschoolers, 61.4% elementary schoolers; Mage = 6.68). Results indicated that elementary schoolers present significantly higher levels of career choice and attainment reasoning than preschoolers. Future studies with middle schoolers are needed to keep investigating the model in Portugal. Studies in other countries would also be useful to encourage collaboration in childhood career development research and practice.
Adjunctive use of netarsudil 0.02% in the treatment of refractory glaucoma: a one year analysis
Authors: Zhou Benjamin , Yan John , Bekerman Vladislav P. , Khouri Albert S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study evaluates the long-term adjunctive use of netarsudil ophthalmic solution 0.02% in lowering IOP in patients with refractory glaucoma.

Methods
This retrospective chart review study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Patients who were prescribed add-on netarsudil therapy and on ≥ 3 topical glaucoma medications from 01/01/2018 to 08/31/2020 were reviewed. 47 patients (69 eyes) met the inclusion criteria. Baseline IOPs prior to the addition of netarsudil were compared to IOPs measured at 3-, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Any patients with inadequate follow-up or who had glaucoma surgery after netarsudil initiation were excluded.

Results
Median baseline IOP (± SD) was 21 ± 5.8 mmHg (median of 2 visits prior to initiation of netarsudil). At 3-month follow-up, 64 eyes had a median IOP of 16 ± 6.7 mmHg (p < 0.01). At 6-month follow-up, 56 eyes had a median IOP of 18 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < 0.01). At 12-month follow-up, 44 eyes had a median IOP of 15 ± 6.8 mmHg (p < 0.01). At the conclusion of the study, 64% of eyes reached 1 year follow-up due to several reasons.

Conclusions
Patients with refractory glaucoma showed statistically and clinically significant IOP reductions on netarsudil. IOP reduction was stable long-term with the largest decrease in IOP seen at 12 months. Although some patients will still go on to require further laser or incisional surgery, for most patients netarsudil is an effective treatment for adjunctive use in refractory glaucoma.
The determinants of the financial distress of Italian municipalities: How much is it due to inadequate resources?
Authors: Padovani Emanuele , Porcelli Francesco , Zanardi Alberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe key question addressed in this work is whether financial distress recently experienced by several Italian municipalities can be at least partially imputed to the inadequacy of the financial resources they suffer compared to the needs of their populations and their territories. Starting from a multidimensional definition of financial distress, we investigate this issue by exploiting the variability across municipalities revealed by two different occurrences recently involving the intergovernmental fiscal relations in Italy: on the one hand, the large cuts in vertical transfers carried out by the central government as part of the fiscal consolidation strategy in the period 2014–2015 which affected single municipalities to varying degrees; and, on the other hand, the introduction of a new mechanism of equalization transfers at municipal level which showed how the gap between available financial resources to local needs is differentiated across municipalities. Exploiting these sources of variability across local authorities, the estimation results show that the Italian municipalities which suffer a level of resources lower than that necessary to provide public services at a standard level are, ceteris paribus, more likely to run into financial difficulties. By the same token, large cuts in central government transfers have a statistically significant effect on financial vulnerability at municipal level.
A Psychometric Evaluation of the Couples’ Financial Communication Scale: Findings and Implications from Two Large, Diverse Samples
Authors: Saxey Matthew T. , Lucier-Greer Mallory , Adler-Baeder Francesca , LeBaron-Black Ashley B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCommunicating about finances is essential to develop shared meaning and goals within couple relationships. When couples struggle to discuss finances, they can experience poor couple outcomes. For researchers and clinicians to effectively study and promote healthy couple communication patterns regarding finances, a parsimonious, reliable, and valid measure of couples’ financial communication is needed. This study examined the psychometric utility of the 5-item Couples’ Financial Communication Scale (originally developed for the Flourishing Families Project; Day, R. D., Bean, R., Coyne, S., Dyer, J., Harper, J., & Walker, L. (2017). Flourishing families project: Survey of family life [codebook].) using two large, diverse samples—one of emerging adult individuals in a romantic relationship (N = 1,950) and another of dyads in a romantic relationship (N = 1,252; 69.9% beyond emerging adulthood). Similar findings emerged across both samples. Inter-item correlations, skewness, and kurtosis of the five items were within acceptable ranges. The five items loaded onto a latent construct with robust standardized factor loadings (ranging from 0.63 to 0.90) and sound model fit. Cronbach’s alpha revealed sound reliability (α = between 0.85 and 0.89). Multiple tests of measurement equivalence suggest the measure appears to be reasonably useful across theoretically meaningful groups (gender, age, income, marital status, and joint banking behaviors). Couples’ financial communication and couples’ relationship quality were positively correlated with large effect sizes—showing initial evidence of predictive validity. The parsimonious Couples’ Financial Communication Scale has sound evidence of reliability, validity, and measurement equivalence across two diverse samples, which positions it to be a useful measure in future scholarship to assess the degree to which couples engage in ongoing healthy and cooperative financial communication.
International entrepreneurial culture as a booster of early and rapid internationalisation: A comparative study of Born Globals vs non-Born Globals
Authors: Nave Edgar , Ferreira João J. , Veiga Pedro Mota 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe literature demonstrates how Born Globals (BGs) make recourse to distinctive strategic intangible assets to accelerate their internationalisation processes while, nevertheless, broadly neglecting the role of International Entrepreneurial Culture (IEC) in generating and differentiating BGs despite its relevant role. This study examines the IEC as a driver of the early and rapid internationalisation of BGs and correspondingly seeks to capture the prevailing differences compared to non-Born Globals (non-BGs).Thus, we empirically tested and validated an IEC scale for a sample of 66 BGs and 102 non-BGs and deployed multivariate analysis techniques to identify the main differences among company profiles. The results reveal how BGs stand out from their peers in terms of autonomy (a dimension of the international entrepreneurial orientation (IEO)), international motivation, and international market orientation. Therefore, concentrating on developing these dimensions may return an effective means of boosting rapid and early internationalisation and thereby stand out from the competition. The remaining IEO dimensions, the international learning orientation and the international networking orientation were not relevant to this differentiating process.This research has important theoretical and practical implications, encouraging and guiding BG managers to adopt a strategic posture emphasising some particular IEC dimensions to differentiate themselves from their competitors and succeed in their early international involvement.
Verification and Validation for a Digital Twin for Augmenting Current SORA Practices with Air-to-Air Collision Hazards Prediction from Small Uncooperative Flying Objects
Authors: Matalonga Santiago , Black Julie , Riordan James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFuture autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) missions will take place in highly cluttered urban environments. As a result, the UAV must be able to autonomously evaluate risks and react to unforeseen hazards. The current regulatory framework for missions implements SORA guidelines for hazard detection, but its application to air-to-air collision is limited. This research defined a rigorous verification and validation framework (V&V) for digital twins for use in future autonomous UAV missions. The researchers designed a sentry mission for a UAV to evaluate its capacity to detect small uncooperative flying objects. A digital twin of the DJI M300 vision system was built using a game engine and a V&V framework was developed to assure the quality of results in both virtual and real-world scenarios. The results showed the capability of the digital twin to identify vulnerabilities and worst-case scenarios in UAV mission operations, and how it can assist remote pilots in identifying air-to-air collision hazards. Furthermore, the probability of air-to-air collision was calculated for three sentry patterns, and the results were validated in the field. This research demonstrated the capability to identify vulnerabilities and worst-case scenarios in UAV mission operations. We present how the digital twin of an operational theatre can be exploited to assist remote pilots with the identification of air-to-air collision hazards of small uncooperative objects. Furthermore, we discuss how these results can be used to enhance current SORA-based risk assessment practices.