bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women's intentions to breastfeed: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lutsiv O , Pullenayegum E , Foster G , Vera C , Giglia L , Chapman B , Fusch C , McDonald SD 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveGiven that intention to breastfeed is a strong predictor of breastfeeding initiation and duration, the objectives of this study were to estimate the population‐based prevalence and the factors associated with the intention to breastfeed.DesignRetrospective population‐based cohort study.SettingAll hospitals in Ontario, Canada (1 April 2009–31 March 2010).PopulationWomen who gave birth to live, term, singletons/twins.MethodsPatient, healthcare provider, and hospital factors that may be associated with intention to breastfeed were analysed using univariable and multivariable regression.Main outcome measuresPopulation‐based prevalence of intention to breastfeed and its associated factors.ResultsThe study included 92 364 women, of whom 78 806 (85.3%) intended to breastfeed. The odds of intending to breastfeed were higher amongst older women with no health problems and women who were cared for exclusively by midwives (adjusted OR 3.64, 95% CI 3.13–4.23). Being pregnant with twins (adjusted OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57–0.94), not attending antenatal classes (adjusted OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.62), having previous term or preterm births (adjusted OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.78–0.81, and adjusted OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82–0.93, respectively), and delivering in a level–1 hospital (adjusted OR 0.85, 95% CI 0.77–0.93) were associated with a lower intention to breastfeed.ConclusionsIn this population‐based study ~85% of women intended to breastfeed their babies. Key factors that are associated with the intention to breastfeed were identified, which can now be targeted for intervention programmes aimed at increasing the prevalence of breastfeeding and improving overall child and maternal health.
Application of A global reference for fetal‐weight and birthweight percentiles in predicting infant mortality
Authors: Ding G , Tian Y , Zhang Y , Pang Y , Zhang JS , Zhang J 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether the recently published A global reference for fetal‐weight and birthweight percentiles (Global Reference) improves small‐ (SGA), appropriate‐ (AGA), and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) definitions in predicting infant mortality.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingThe US Linked Livebirth and Infant Death records between 1995 and 2004.PopulationSingleton births with birthweight >500 g born at 24–41 weeks of gestation.MethodsWe compared infant mortality rates of SGA, AGA, and LGA infants classified by three different references: the Global Reference; a commonly used birthweight reference; and Hadlock's ultrasound reference.Main outcome measuresInfant mortality rates.ResultsAmong 33 997 719 eligible liveborn singleton births, 25% of preterm and 9% of term infants were classified differently for SGA, AGA, and LGA by the Global Reference and the birthweight reference. The Global Reference indicated higher mortality rates in preterm SGA and preterm LGA infants than the birthweight reference. The mortality rate was considerably higher in infants classified as preterm SGA by the Global Reference but not by the birthweight reference, compared with the corresponding infants classified by the birthweight reference but not by the Global Reference (105.7 versus 12.9 per 1000, RR 8.17, 95% CI 7.38–9.06). Yet, the differences in mortality rates were much smaller in term infants than in preterm infants. Black infants had a particularly higher mortality rate than other races in AGA and LGA preterm and term infants.ConclusionsIn respect to the commonly used birthweight reference, the Global Reference increases the identification of infant deaths by improved classification of abnormal newborn size at birth, and these advantages were more obvious in preterm than in term infants.
Additional information from chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) over conventional karyotyping when diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities in miscarriage: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dhillon RK , Hillman SC , Morris RK , McMullan D , Williams D , Coomarasamy A , Kilby MD 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundApproximately 50% of spontaneous miscarriages are associated with chromosome abnormalities. Identification of these karyotypic abnormalities helps to estimate recurrence risks in future pregnancies. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is transforming clinical cytogenetic practice with its ability to examine the human genome at increasingly high resolution.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether CMA testing on the products of conception following miscarriage provides better diagnostic information compared with conventional karyotyping.Search strategyMEDLINE (from 1996 to December 2012), EMBASE (from 1974 to December 2012), and CINAHL (from 1996 to December 2012) databases were searched electronically.Selection criteriaStudies were selected if CMA was used on products of conception following miscarriage, alongside conventional karyotyping.Data collection and analysisNine papers were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. All statistical analyses were performed using stata 11.0 (Stata Corp., College Station, TX, USA).Main resultsThere was agreement between CMA and karyotyping in 86.0% of cases (95% CI 77.0–96.0%). CMA detected 13% (95% CI 8.0–21.0) additional chromosome abnormalities over conventional full karyotyping. In addition, traditional, full karyotyping detected 3% (95% CI 1.0–10.0%) additional abnormalities over CMA. The incidence of a variant of unknown significance (VOUS) being detected was 2% (95% CI 1.0–10.0%).Author's conclusionsCompared with karyotyping, there appears to be an increased detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities when CMA is used to analyse the products of conception; however, some of these abnormalities are VOUS, and this information should be provided when counselling women following miscarriage and when taking consent for the analysis of miscarriage products by CMA.
Seismogenic Structure of the April 20, 2013, Lushan Ms7 Earthquake in Sichuan
Authors: Yueqiao ZHANG , Shuwen DONG , Chuntang HOU , Jusong SHI , Zhonghai WU , Hailong LI , Ping SUN , Gang LIU , Jian LI 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:At 08:02 on April 20, 2013, a Ms7.0 earthquake occurred in Lushan, Ya'an, in the Longmenshan fault zone, Sichuan. The epicenter was located between Taiping Town and Shuangshi Town, Lushan County and the maximum earthquake intensity at the epicenter reached class IX. Field investigations in the epicenter area found that, although buildings were seriously damaged, no obvious surface rupture structure was produced, only some ground fissures and sand blows and water ejection phenomena being seen. An integrated analysis of high‐resolution remote sensing image interpretation, mainshock and aftershock distribution, and focal mechanism solutions indicated that this earthquake was an independent rupturing event in the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, belonging to the thrust‐type earthquake. Ruptures occurred along the south‐central segment of the Shuangshi‐Dachuan fault and the principal rupture plane dipped SW at 33–43°. It is inferred that the Lushan earthquake might be related to the ramp activity of the basal detachment zone (13–19 km) of the Longmenshan fault zone. Historically, there occurred at least two Ms6–6.5 earthquakes along the Shuangshi‐Dachuan fault zone; thus it is thought that the Lushan earthquake, different from the Wenchuan earthquake, was a characteristic one in the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone. In‐situ stress measurements indicated the Lushan earthquake was the result of stress release of the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone after the Wenchuan earthquake. This paper analyzes the tectonic setting of the seismogenic structure of this earthquake.
Xinghaiornis lini (Aves: Ornithothoraces) from the Early Cretaceous of Liaoning: An Example of Evolutionary Mosaic in Early Birds
Authors: Xuri WANG , LUIS Chiappe M. , Fangfang TENG , Qiang JI 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:We describe a new species of Early Cretaceous bird from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province. Xinghaiornis lini gen. et sp. nov. is relatively large and characterized by a long, toothless rostrum and an elevated pedal digit I. The design of the skull and feet suggests that this bird was likely a mud‐prober. This discovery provides strong support indicating that this avian trophic specialization originated at least 125 million years ago.
Early Jurassic Soft‐Sediment Deformation Interpreted as Seismites in the Wuqia Pull‐Apart Basin and the Strike‐Slip Talas–Ferghana Fault, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Xiufu QIAO , Xianpu GUO 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:The early Jurassic soft‐sediment deformation occurring within lacustrine sandstone is distributed mainly in the Wuqia region of SW Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, western China. Triggered by earthquakes, such deformation was found to occur in three beds overlying the lower Jurassic Kangsu Formation. The main styles of deformation structures comprise load cast, ball‐and‐pillow, droplet, cusps, homogeneous layer, and liquefied unconformity. The deformation layers reflect a series of three strong earthquakes at the end of early Jurassic in the Wuqia region. The differences of deformation mechanisms undergone might represent the varying magnitudes of the earthquake events. During the early Jurassic, the Wuqia region was located in a pull‐apart basin controlled by the significant Talas–Ferghana strike‐slip fault in central Asia, which initiated the soft‐sediment deformation induced by earthquakes. Our research suggests that the paleoseismic magnitudes could have ranged from Ms 6.5 to 7.
Properties of Continental Margin and its Hydrocarbon Exploration Significance in Cambrian in the Southern Ordos Kratogen of North China
Authors: Yunlai BAI , Yuhu MA , Yong HUANG , Jianbo LIAO , Xiaoguang LIU 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:It is important to determine the properties of the tectonics in Cambrian period for the sake of prospecting deep hydrocarbon in the near future in the southern Ordos Kratogen of North China. Authors chose the marginal areas of the southern Ordos basin as the object of research, avoided the effects of both the Qinling Orogenic Belts (QOB) and Weihe River Graben (WRG) whose geological structures are too complicated. By surveying typical Cambrian outcrops and profiles in the basin edges and based on the cores of 57 wells which penetrated the Cambrian in the basin, combined with the seismic profiles, the field gammaray measuement results and the carbon isotope analysis, Authors conclude that the southern margin of the Ordos Kratogen during Cambrian was a passive continental margin which resulted from sea–floor spreading of the Ancient Qinling Ocean. Epicontinental sea carbonate sediments formed in the south Ordos continental margin during Cambrian, and were predominant as tidal flat and oölitic shoal. Both transgression–regression process and the change in palaeostructure have the obvious cyclicity. Using the junction between the late Nangao age of Qiandong epoch and the early Duyun age of Qiandong epoch as a boundary, each had a full transgression cycle at the upper and lower stages. The early cycle is characterized by high energy clastic littoral facies while the late cycle is characterized by carbonate ramp on which clear water and muddy water developed alternately changing to carbonate platform last. During the early stages, An aulacogen was formed in the middle section of the southern margin. The southern Ordos margin was uplifted and denudated by the Huaiyuan Movement which occurred from the late Furongian age to the middle Flolan age and the history of the passive continental margin ended and entering into a new tectonic cycle. The unconformity surface caused by the Huaiyuan Movement, along with its neighborhood areas where dissolved pores and cavities are developed, may be another important district for good hydrocarbon reservoirs (excluding the unconformity surface on the top of the Ordovician in the Ordos basin).
Anomaly Models of Spatial Structures for Copper‐Molybdenum Ore Deposits and their Application
Authors: Shengming MA , Lixin ZHU , Chongmin LIU , Mingjie XI , Shixin TANG 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:This paper discusses the enrichment and depletion regularities for porphyry copper‐molybdenum ore deposits in different regions and varied deposit genetic types in the same area, taking three porphyry copper‐molybdenum ore deposits (i.e., the Chengmenshan in Jiangxi, Wunugetushan in Inner Mongolia, Baishantang in Gansu) and two copper deposits in Gansu Province (the Huitongshan skarn deposit and Gongpoquan composite deposit) as case studies. The results show that porphyry Cu‐Mo deposits or skarn copper deposits include both enrichment of the ore‐forming elements and associated elements, and depletion of some lithophile dispersed elements, rare earth elements (REE) and some major elements. And the depleted elements vary with deposits, having generality and their own features. On a deposit scale, the positive anomalies of enriched elements and negative anomalies of depleted elements follow in a sequence to comprise regular anomaly models of spatial structures. The exploration in the Tongchang deposit in Jiangxi and Huitongshan deposit in Gansu suggests that anomaly models play a key role in the identification of mineral occurrences and deposits compared to one single enriched element anomaly. And the anomaly models exert a critical effect on the optimization of prospecting targets and their potential evaluation.
An Anisotropic Geomechanical Model for Jointed Rock Masses at Taishan Nuclear Power Station, Southern China
Authors: Wentang ZHENG , Xiaojiu CHENG , Huaan WANG 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:An anisotropic geomechanical model for jointed rock mass is presented. Simultaneously with deriving the orthotropic anisotropy elastic parameters along the positive axis, the equivalent compliance matrix for the deflection axis orthotropic anisotropy was derived through a three‐dimensional coordinate transformation. In addition, Singh's analysis of the stress concentration effects of intermittent joints was adopted, based on two groups of intermittent joints and a set of cross‐cutting joints in the jointed rock mass. The stress concentration effects caused by intermittent joints and the coupling effect of cross‐cutting joints along the deflection‐axis are also considered. The proposed anisotropic mechanics parameters method is applied to determine the deformation parameters of jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station. Combined with the deterministic mechanical parameters of rock blocks and joints, the deformation parameters and their variability in jointed rock masses are estimated quantitatively. The computed results show that jointed granite at the Taishan Nuclear Power Station exhibits typical anisotropic mechanical characteristics; the elastic moduli in the two horizontal directions were similar, but the elastic modulus in the vertical direction was much greater. Jointed rock elastic moduli in the two horizontal and vertical directions were respectively about 24% and 37% of the core of rock, showing weakly orthotropic anisotropy; the ratio of elastic moduli in the vertical and horizontal directions was 1.53, clearly indicating the transversely isotropic rock mass mechanical characteristics. The method can be popularized to solve other rock mechanics problems in nuclear power engineering.
A Comparative Analysis of Evaporate Sediments on Earth and Mars: Implications for the Climate Change on Mars
Authors: Mianping ZHENG , Weigang KONG , Xuefei ZHANG , Wenxi CHEN , Fanjing KONG 
Published: July 2013

Abstract:The knowledge of Martian salts has gone through substantial changes during the past decades. In the 70th of last century, Viking landers have noticed the existence of salts on Mars. Several salt species have been suggested from then on, such as sulfates and chlorides. However, their origin was a mystery due to the lack of observations. The recent explorations and related studies at the beginning of this century revealed that the crustal composition of Mars is similar to that of Earth, and it was hypothesized that almost one third of Martian surface was covered by oceans and lakes in the early stage of Mars. The huge water bodies may have dissolved a large quantity of ions from Martian primary rocks during the whole Noachian and Hesperian epoch. After the enormous drought event happened during the late Hesperian and the early Amazonian, these dissolved ions have formed huge salts deposits and most of them were preserved on Mars until today. To date, carbonates, sulfates, chlorides have all been detected by orbital remote sensing and by landers and rovers. However, the salt mineral assemblages on Mars seems to have some differences from those on Earth, e.g., rich in sulfates and lack of massive carbonates. To explain this difference, we propose that most of the surface carbonates precipitated from the ancient oceans may have been dissolved by the later ubiquitous acidic fluids originated from the global volcanism in the Hesperian era, and formed the enormous sulfate deposits as detected, and this hypothesis seems to be supported by the evidence that most of the sulfate deposits distribute around the Tharsis volcanic province while the survived carbonates located far from it. This process can release most of the carbon on Mars to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 and then be erased by the late heavy bombardments, which might have profound influence on the climate change happened in the Hesperian age. The positive correlation between the GRS results of the potassium distributions and the distribution of chlorides on Mars, together with the high Br concentration measured from the evaporate sediments at two Mars exploration rover landing sites, indicate that the brines in the regions where the chlorides deposited may have reached the stage for potassium salts deposition, thus we propose for the first time that potassium salts deposits might be prevalent in these regions.
Gradients of Bat Diversity in Atlantic Forest of South America: Environmental Seasonality, Sampling Effort and Spatial Autocorrelation
Authors: Stevens Richard D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTemperature seasonality has been proposed to be an important determinant of bat community structure in Atlantic Forest of South America and elsewhere. I characterized spatial and environmental patterns of species richness of phyllostomid bats in Atlantic Forest of South America and examined the degree to which temperature seasonality relative to other important environmental gradients was related to patterns of diversity across 60 heterogeneously sampled assemblages. I compared efficacy of different methods of accounting for inventory completeness (rarefaction, species estimation, minimum number of individuals and raw data) in characterizing gradients of bat diversity. I also compared levels of spatial autocorrelation generated by these methods and the degree to which such autocorrelation influenced results of regression analyses. Temperature seasonality was consistently the most important predictor of species richness across all methods of accounting for inventory completeness as well as between spatial and non‐spatial regression methods. Spatial autocorrelation of both species richness and regression residuals was lowest for species richness estimators and highest for data rarefied to the highest sample sizes. Strong and characteristic environmental gradients typifying Atlantic Forest of South America translate into coincident gradients of richness of bat assemblages. Although data were characterized by heterogeneous sampling efforts, relationships of species richness with seasonality of temperature were strong and easily detectable. Methods of accounting for inventory completeness improve assessment with species richness estimators performing better than rarefaction methods.
Excellent liver retransplantation outcomes in hepatitis C‐infected recipients
Authors: Kressel A. , Therapondos G. , Bohorquez H. , Borg B. , Bruce D. , Carmody I. , Cohen A. , Girgrah N. , Joshi S. , Reichman T. , Loss G. E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSurvival outcomes for liver retransplantation (LRTx) after graft loss in HCV patients (HCV‐LRTx) are generally considered inferior to those after non‐HCV‐LRTx. Between January 1, 2005 and June 30, 2011, our center performed 663 LTx, including 116 (17.5%) LRTx, 41 (35.3%) of which were more than 90 d after the LTx. Twenty‐nine (70.7%) LRTx were performed in HCV antibody–positive individuals. We compared patient demographics, baseline characteristics and outcomes of our HCV‐LRTx group with the HCV‐LRTx patients from the most recent OPTN database covering the same time period. Our Kaplan–Meier HCV‐LRTx one‐, three‐, and five‐yr HCV‐LRTx patient survival rates were 86.2%, 79.0%, and 72.4%, respectively compared with the OPTN one‐, three‐, and five‐yr HCV‐LRTx survival rates of 73.3%, 59.0%, and 51.3% respectively. Likewise, our graft survival rates were higher than OPTN rates at all time points studied. We performed a higher percentage of HCV‐LRTx as simultaneous liver/kidney transplants (SLK) (37.9% vs. 21.8%) and recorded shorter warm (30 ± 4 vs. 45 ± 23 min) and cold ischemic times (5:44 ± 1:53 vs. 7:36 ± 3:12 h:min). Conclusion: In our experience, HCV‐LRTx patient and graft survival rates are comparable to LTx survival rates and are higher than the rates described by OPTN.
Molecular study of congenital erythrocytosis in 70 unrelated patients revealed a potential causal mutation in less than half of the cases (Where is/are the missing gene(s)?)
Authors: Bento Celeste , Almeida Helena , Maia Tabita M. , Relvas Luís , Oliveira Ana C. , Rossi Cédric , Girodon François , Fernandez‐Lago Carlos , Aguado‐Diaz Ascension , Fraga Cristina , Costa Ricardo M. , Araújo Ana L. , Silva João , Vitória Helena , Miguel Natalina , Silveira Maria Pedro , Martin‐Nuñez Guillermo , Ribeiro Maria Letícia 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionCongenital erythrocytosis can be classified as primary, when the defect is intrinsic to the RBC progenitors and independent of the serum erythropoietin (Epo) concentration, or secondary, when the erythrocytosis is the result of an upregulation of Epo production. Primary erythrocytosis is associated with mutations in the EPOR gene, secondary CE can de due to mutations that stabilize the hemoglobin in the oxygenated form or to mutations in the genes that control the transcriptional activation of the EPO gene – VHL, EGLN1, EPAS1. Chuvash polycythemia, caused by mutations in VHL gene, shares features of both primary and secondary erythrocytosis, with increased Epo production but also hypersensitivity of progenitors to Epo.Material and MethodsWith the main objective of describing the etiology and molecular basis of CE, we have studied 70 consecutive unrelated patients presenting with idiopathic erythrocytosis from our hematology clinic or referred from other centers. According to a study algorithm, we have sequenced all the genes described as associated with CE.Results and DiscussionErythrocytosis molecular etiology was identify in 25 (36%) of the 70 subjects. High‐affinity Hb variants were the most common cause, present in 20% of the cases. New mutations were identified in the JAK2, EPOR, VHL, and EGLN1 genes.ConclusionsHigh‐affinity hemoglobin variants are a very rare cause of secondary CE, but it seems likely that their incidence may be underestimated. Our experience shows that in erythrocytosis with a dominant inheritance and normal or inappropriate high Epo levels, the HBB and HBA genes should be the first to be studied. In spite of the seven genes known to be involved in CE, the majority of the cases have unknown etiology.