bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of multiple biogeographic barriers and hybridization on species‐level differentiation
Authors: Milner Melita L. , Rossetto Maurizio , Crisp Michael D. , Weston Peter H. 
Published: December 2012

•Premise of the study:The glacial cycles of the Quaternary did not impact Australia in the same way as Europe and North America. Here we investigate the history of population isolation, species differentiation, and hybridization in the southeastern Australian landscape, using five species ofLomatia(Proteaceae). We use a chloroplast DNA phylogeography to assess chloroplast haplotype (chlorotype) sharing among these species and whether species with shared distributions have been affected by shared biogeographic barriers.•Methods:We used six chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeats (cpSSR) across five species ofLomatia,sampled across their entire distributional range in southeastern Australia. Resulting size data were combined, presented as a network, and visualized on a map. Biogeographical barriers were tested using AMOVA. To explore hypotheses of chlorotype origin, we converted the network into a cladogram and reconciled with all possible species trees using parsimony‐based tree mapping.•Key results:Some chlorotypes were shared across multiple species ofLomatiain the study, including between morphologically differentiated species. Chlorotypes were either widespread in distribution or geographically restricted to specific regions. Biogeographical structure was identified across the range ofLomatia. The most parsimonious reconciled tree incorporated horizontal transfer of chlorotypes.•Conclusions: Lomatiashows evidence of both incomplete lineage sorting and extensive hybridization between co‐occurring species. Although the species in the study appear to have responded to a number of biogeographic barriers to varying degrees, our findings identified the Hunter River Valley as the most important long‐term biogeographic barrier for the genus in southeastern Australia.
Contraintes typologiques dans l'acquisition d'une langue étrangère : l'expression du mouvement chez les apprenants russophones du français
Authors: Iakovleva Tatiana , Hickmann Maya 
Published: December 2012

Cette étude examine l’impact des contraintes typologiques sur l’acquisition d’une langue étrangère afin d’explorer l’hypothèse d’un transfert conceptuel de la L1 dans l’acquisition de la LE. En nous appuyant sur la distinction de Talmy entre les langues-V et les langues-S , nous examinons une situation expérimentale contrôlée, où les apprenants du français ainsi que les locuteurs natifs (russophones et francophones) devaient décrire des animations montrant des déplacements volontaires variant selon leurs trajectoires (MONTER, DESCENDRE, TRAVERSER). Les résultats concernant les natifs montrent qu’en français, les verbes expriment souvent la Trajectoire, mais parfois lexicalisent Manière-et-Trajectoire, tandis que le russe utilise des structures -S, -V et « mixte ». Bien que les descriptions des apprenants contiennent des formes idiosyncrasiques, nos résultats montrent peu de transfert de la L1. En outre, les apprenants emploient des expressions en dehors du verbe principal qui ne s’apparentent ni à leur L1, ni à leur L2. La discussion tient compte des facteurs qui interagissent avec les contraintes typologiques en ALE.
Le passé simple, le parfait simple et l'aoriste : français, roumain, valaque et serbe
Authors: Petrović Marijana 
Published: December 2012

L’objectif dans cet article est de montrer comment une unité sémantique – l’événement selon la théorie de Desclés & Guentchéva (1997, 2003, 2011) – est développée à travers plusieurs langues ou variétés de langues : le français, le serbe, le roumain et le valaque. L’expression de l’événement est le plus souvent représentée par les formes verbales étiquetées passé simple en français, aoriste en serbe, parfait simple en roumain et valaque. Cette notion, l’événement , est articulée avec les cadres référentiels, deux desquels sont pris en compte (Desclés & Guentchéva 2011). Selon cette analyse, deux groupes linguistiques apparaissent. Le français et le roumain se comportent de la même manière, tandis que le serbe, et deux variétés de daco-roumain, les dialectes olténien et valaque, ont un fonctionnement similaire. Ces conclusions rapportées au contact de langues réorganisent les classifications habituelles faites dans la Sprachbund balkanique.
Sociologie du savoir sur Autrui
Authors: Addi Lahouari 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Lahouari Addi, sociologue politique, détecte une ambiguïté dans le discours des auteurs dits postcoloniaux. De quel lieu parlent-ils ? Même s’ils ont soulevé un problème épistémologique crucial pour les sciences sociales, ils continuent à reproduire une hégémonie discursive de la mondialisation occidentalocentrée. À l’exception de l’École indienne des historiens subalternistes, ils s’éloignent de leur objet, c’est-à-dire les sociétés postcoloniales et ne sauraient en aucun cas constituer un projet fondateur des sciences sociales dans le tiers monde. Côté Sud, on voit encore les effets d’un monopole occidental de la production cognitive sur lui-même et les autres. Ces sociétés manquent, sauf exception, d’un champ universitaire élaboré pour produire des connaissances sur elles-mêmes, en rapport avec leurs propres conditions historiques.
Lire L'Échec d'une prophétie
Authors: Favret-Saada Jeanne 
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’article étudie L’Échec d’une prophétie sous trois angles successifs : comme dispositif d’énonciation romanesque (c’est un récit) ; dans le contexte de la psychologie sociale des années 1950 et de l’oeuvre de Festinger ; et enfin, dans celui des milieux ufologiques de l’époque, en particulier la vie des trois énonciateurs de la prophétie millénariste après la fin de l’enquête des chercheurs.
L'économie politique des réformes fiscales
Authors: Delalande Nicolas 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Cet article vise à souligner le rôle des ressources politiques, des contraintes institutionnelles et des compromis sociaux dans l’élaboration des politiques fiscales. À partir d’une réflexion historique sur quelques-unes des réformes mises en œuvre depuis le XIX e siècle et de l’éclairage fourni par les acquis de l’économie politique, il aborde trois questions successives : La première est celle de savoir si la démocratie est une condition suffisante à l’adoption de politiques fiscales redistributives. La seconde évalue les contraintes qui pèsent sur l’élaboration et l’application des réformes. Enfin, la troisième définit dans quel contexte politique et économique les réformes ont le plus de chance d’aboutir. Réformer l’impôt suppose de s’appuyer sur une coalition politique cohérente, de surmonter les diverses résistances sociales, institutionnelles et techniques susceptibles d’y faire obstacle, et de savoir tirer profit des circonstances favorables dans lesquelles s’érodent les idéologies et les croyances solidement établies.
Analyse et compréhension du vote lors des élections présidentielles de 2012
Authors: Bussi Michel , Fourquet Jérôme , Colange Céline 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Les élections présidentielles 2012 s’inscrivent dans la continuité des changements politiques géographiques observés depuis une quinzaine d’années : progrès de la gauche dans l’Ouest de la France et dans les centres-villes, forte implantation du Front national dans les espaces périurbains et dans les territoires ouvriers, recul de la droite à l’exception des zones résidentielles tertiarisées. Cet article, à partir d’une base de données originale à l’échelle du canton, analyse les évolutions récentes de la carte électorale (2007-2012), confronte à moyen terme (1981-2012) ces résultats à certaines variables socio-économiques du recensement de population, et propose quelques pistes d’analyses spatiales (principalement la distance à la ville).
Genetic Analysis and Captive Breeding Program Design for the Eastern Massasauga Sistrurus catenatus catenatus
Authors: Ray Jesse W. , King Richard B. , Duvall Melvin R. , Robinson Jace W. , Jaeger Collin P. , Dreslik Michael J. , Swanson Bradley J. , Mulkerin Diane 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus catenatus is a declining species for which a captive breeding program was established in 2006. To effectively manage wild and captive populations, an understanding of genetic diversity within the species is necessary. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA sequences of 186 individuals: 109 wild snakes from 34 U.S. and Canadian counties and districts, all 52 breeding program members (23 of known and 29 of unknown origin), 18 other captives of unknown origin, and 7 outgroup representatives of desert massasauga S. c. edwardsii, and western massasauga, S. c. tergeminus. Statistical parsimony, maximum likelihood, and maximum parsimony analyses all identified eastern massasaugas as divergent from western and desert massasaugas. We found 18 different haplotypes among eastern massasaugas, comprising three geographically and genetically differentiated NADH dehydrogenase II (ND2) subunits that potentially reflect post-Pleistocene range expansion from unglaciated into formerly glaciated regions. Snakes of unknown origin could all be assigned unambiguously to these ND2 subunits. To maintain natural genetic variation, preserve diversity in captive lineages, and allow future augmentation or reintroduction, the Association of Zoos and Aquariums is managing these three geographic ND2 subunits separately within the Eastern Massasauga Species Survival Plan breeding program.
Limites politiques et barrières sociales dans le monde maya classique
Authors: Michelet Dominique 
Published: December 2012

L’archéologie des Basses Terres mayas à l’époque classique est riche de données susceptibles de nous renseigner sur plusieurs types de « frontières » sociopolitiques. Si la question des limites territoriales des entités politiques du monde classique constitue, depuis les années 1970, un objectif tout à fait conscient de la recherche, bien d’autres éléments des partitionnements sociopolitiques existent, mais ils n’ont pas reçu, le plus souvent, l’attention qu’ils méritent. L’examen de quelques informations, empruntées aux résultats de projets de recherche collective récents, indique que les démarcations formelles plus ou moins minces durent être rares, qu’il y aurait même eu peu de bornages explicites et que les seuils étaient dotés d’une épaisseur certaine, leur franchissement obéissant à des codes précis et/ou impliquant des comportements ritualisés.
Diversity of Pathogenic Candida Species Colonizing Women with and without Candida Vaginitis in Dar es Salaam Region, Tanzania
Authors: Namkinga Lucy Andrew 
Published: December 2012

The aim of this study was to establish phenotypic and genetic diversities of Candida species isolated from women with recurrent Candida vaginitis. A total of 3000 samples were cultured from 3000 women with and without complaints of vaginal discharges and pruritis vulvae. Growth characteristics on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and on conidia enhancing media (Corn meal agar) resulted in isolation of 5440 distinct colonies of Candida species. They were then analyzed by germ tube test to separate C. albicans from non-albicans Candida species. For confirmation, 300 doubtful isolates were then tested on API 20C AUX and by polymerase chain reaction.The results showed Candida albicans species to be dominant 3661 (67.29%) while non-albicans Candida species presented only 1779 (32.71%) which included C. glabrata 435(8.0%), C. tropicalis 762(14.0%), C. krusei 163(3.0%), C. famata 109(2.0%), C. parapsilosis 131(2.41%), C. guilliermondii and C. lusitaniae each 27(0.5%) respectively, C. incospicua 13 (0.24%), C. norvegensis 82(1.5%), C. colliculosa 16 (0.3%) and C. magnoliae 15 (0.27%). On genotypic diversity, the principle coordinate analysis of the PCR results for the genetic relatedness and genetic distances revealed the distribution of 200 isolates tested as: C. albicans 90(36%), C. glabrata 40(20%), C. krusei 20 (10%), C. tropicalis 20 (10%), C. famata 10(5%), C. parapsilosis 5(2.5%), C. norvegensis 6(3%), C. lusitaniae 4(2%), and C. guilliermondii 5(2.5%). From this study it shows that a combination of biochemical methods and PCR technology may identify most of the isolates, including the germ tube negative isolates. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic women possessed similar species and genotypic diversities. However, in symptomatic women, a single host can be colonized with multiple species or multiple genotypes of the same species. In order to establish if the same species behave differently in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, this study recommend further investigation on virulent factors.
Speech Intelligibility and Recall of Spoken Material Heard at Different Signal‐to‐noise Ratios and the Role Played by Working Memory Capacity
Authors: Ljung Robert , Israelsson Karl , Hygge Staffan 
Published: December 2012

SummaryWe studied speech intelligibility and memory performance for speech material heard under different signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratios. Pre‐experimental measures of working memory capacity (WMC) were taken to explore individual susceptibility to the disruptive effects of noise. Thirty‐five participants first completed a WMC‐operation span task in quiet and later listened to spoken word lists containing 11 one‐syllable phonetically balanced words presented at four different S/N ratios (+12, +9, +6, and +3). Participants repeated each word aloud immediately after its presentation, to establish speech intelligibility and later on performed a free recall task for those words. The speech intelligibility function decreased linearly with increasing S/N levels for both the high‐WMC and low‐WMC groups. However, only the low‐WMC group had decreasing memory performance with increasing S/N levels. The memory of the high‐WMC individuals was not affected by increased S/N levels. Our results suggest that individual differences in WMC counteract some of the negative effects of speech noise. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anakinra in Adult‐Onset Still's Disease: Long‐Term Treatment in Patients Resistant to Conventional Therapy
Authors: Giampietro Cecilia , Ridene Meriem , Lequerre Thierry , Chalumeau Nathalie Costedoat , Amoura Zahir , Sellam Jérémie , Sibilia Jean , Bourgeois Pierre , Fautrel Bruno ,   on behalf of the CRI (Club Rhumatismes et Inflammation)
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveAnakinra is effective in adult‐onset Still's disease (AOSD) in the short term, but little is known regarding its efficacy over the long term. Our objective was to assess the long‐term efficacy and safety of anakinra in AOSD.MethodsA nationwide survey was conducted between 2009 and 2010 to identify AOSD patients treated with anakinra. Collected data consisted of disease characteristics at diagnosis and at medication onset; anakinra efficacy, safety, and dose adaptation; and reasons for discontinuation, if applicable.ResultsThe study included 28 AOSD patients, with a mean age of 40.3 years and a mean disease duration at the start of anakinra of 9.3 years. All patients had previously failed to respond to steroids and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. All patients responded to anakinra, with a rapid and sustained decrease in steroid doses. At the last followup (mean 23 months), 16 patients were still being treated with anakinra: 4 had a partial response and 12 were in complete remission. Twelve patients had discontinued anakinra: 2 due to an insufficient response, 4 due to an AOSD flare after a period of complete remission, 2 due to side effects, and 1 due to a desire for pregnancy. In 3 patients, the drug discontinuation was possible because they achieved complete remission. Six additional patients experienced anakinra dose tapering, with sustained remission in 2 and relapse in the others. Anakinra was well tolerated and adverse events were rated as mild.ConclusionAnakinra was consistently efficacious in AOSD and displayed good therapeutic maintenance. Anakinra dose tapering or discontinuation was associated with relapse in half of the patients.
Molekulare Allianz – von orthosterischen und allosterischen Liganden zu dualsterischen/bitopischen Agonisten G‐Protein‐gekoppelter Rezeptoren
Authors: Mohr Klaus , Schmitz Jens , Schrage Ramona , Tränkle Christian , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDie Zellmembran‐ständigen G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCRs) gehören zu den wichtigsten therapeutischen Zielstrukturen. Körpereigene Botenstoffe binden von außen an die “orthosterische” Haftstelle in der Tiefe der Bindungstasche oder am extrazellulären N‐terminalen Ende des Rezeptorproteins. Körperfremde Modulatoren, die ein anderes “allosterisches” Haftareal nutzen, ebnen den Weg zu Rezeptorsubtypselektivität. Allerdings ist Rezeptoraktivierung über den orthosterischen Ort häufig besser möglich. Jetzt zeigt sich, dass orthosterisch/allosterische Hybridmoleküle Subtypselektivität und Rezeptoraktivierung vereinen können. Die “bitopischen”/“dualsterischen” Modulatoren vermögen außerdem, den Rezeptor auf eine selektive Anschaltung intrazellulärer Signalwege auszurichten. Dieses Konzept bietet den Zugang zu GPCR‐Modulatoren mit neuartigem Rezeptorsubtyp‐ und Signalwegs‐Selektivitätsprofil und somit zu nebenwirkungsärmeren Wirkstoffen.
Molecular Alliance—From Orthosteric and Allosteric Ligands to Dualsteric/Bitopic Agonists at G Protein Coupled Receptors
Authors: Mohr Klaus , Schmitz Jens , Schrage Ramona , Tränkle Christian , Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCell‐membrane‐spanning G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) belong to the most important therapeutic target structures. Endogenous transmitters bind from the outer side of the membrane to the “orthosteric” binding site either deep in the binding pocket or at the extracellular N‐terminal end of the receptor protein. Exogenous modulators that utilize a different, “allosteric”, binding site unveil a pathway to receptor subtype‐selectivity. However, receptor activation through the orthosteric area is often more powerful. Recently there has been evidence that orthosteric/allosteric, in other words “dualsteric”, hybrid compounds unite subtype selectivity and receptor activation. These “bitopic” modulators channelreceptor activation and subsequent intracellular signaling into a subset of possible routes. This concept offers access to GPCR modulators with an unprecedented receptor‐subtype and signaling selectivity profile and, as a consequence, to drugs with fewer side effects.
Numerical simulation of flow and thermal characteristics of harmonic pulsed laminar impinging streams
Authors: Hosseinalipour Mostafa , Esmailpour Kazem , Yahyaee Ali , Mujumdar Arun S. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPulsed jets in various configurations have shown potential for improving transport phenomena. In this study, a system of confined laminar two‐dimensional pulsed impinging streams of air is simulated numerically by solving the governing conservation equations using the control volume method. The key parameters examined in this study are as follows: frequency and amplitude of pulsation, mean jet Reynolds number and phase difference between the nozzle exit velocity profiles. The effects of these parameters are computed and discussed comprehensively. Temperature is used as a passive tracer to quantify the degree of mixing in the system. Results show that flow pulsation has significant effects on the flow field, vortex formation and secondary structures, which are generated. These vortex structures influence the thermal shear layer and improve the mixing behavior. A better mixing index is observed as a result of the formation of larger vortices due to increased amplitude of the pulsation velocity amplitude. In the range of parameters tested, the frequency of the pulsation is found to have negligible effect on the mixing behavior of the system. Also, it is observed that by introducing a phase difference between the two jet velocity profiles, the stagnation point oscillates between the two jets and, in general, the system with phase differences shows better mixing behavior. © 2012 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservation of a permanent hypersaline lake: management options evaluated from decadal variability of Coleofasciculus chthonoplastes microbial mats
Authors: De Wit Rutger , Guerrero Maria‐Carmen , Legaz Alfredo , Jonkers Henk M. , Blocier Laëtitia , Gumiaux Charles , Gautret Pascale 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT‘La Salada de Chiprana’ (NE Spain) is a permanent athalassic saline lake, and as such unique in Western Europe. More than 20 years ago, it was recognized that this lake should be protected; particularly, because it supported extensive microbial mat communities built by the cyanobacterium Coleofasciculus (Microcoleus) chthonoplastes and submerged aquatic vegetation of an endemic form of the foxtail stonewort (Lamprothamnium papulosum var. papulosum f. aragonense).For centuries, the lake hydrology, salinity and water levels have been driven by the combined effects of anthropogenic activities (e.g. irrigation in the watershed) and climatic factors.In the early 1990s, the water level increased and salinity dropped as a consequence of excessive freshwater inputs from direct overflow via irrigation canals. As a result, the microbial mats and aquatic vegetation perished and water column turbidity increased. Based on these observations, since 1994 management measures were introduced aimed at reducing the freshwater input by stopping the direct overflow from irrigation canals. This resulted in a rapid recovery of the hypersaline features of the lake, particularly of the microbial mat communities and the aquatic vegetation.Since 2000, there has been a persistent trend of decreasing lake level and increasing salinity. The population of the endemic foxtail stonewort collapsed in 2006 and the area occupied by C. chthonoplastes mats has drastically decreased. This raises the important question on how to manage athalassic saline lakes in their agrocultural context and calls for a review of the management option taken in the early 1990s. While it could be argued that the current situation is closer to natural hydrological functioning than 20 years ago, we propose that management should seek to conserve the original microbial and aquatic vegetation communities.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.