bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Five-step Method for Advanced Evaluation of Shale Gas Formations and a Field Case Study of Marcellus Shale
Authors: Yildirim Levent Taylan Ozgur , Wang John , Elsworth Derek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a new five-step method to evaluate shale gas formations with intricate pore networks. The method overcomes challenges posed by traditional workflows through an improved workflow and a new unconventional petrophysical model: (a) the new model accurately defines components of shale gas formations, including effective and isolated pores occupied by free and adsorbed gas; (b) total organic carbon (TOC) is evaluated using three techniques using conventional well logs to determine which techniques are more accurate; and (c) the improved method provides integrated evaluation of geomechanical properties, resources in place, and selection of stimulation candidate. Our field case study on Marcellus shale shows that (a) density-based TOC technique is more accurate and average TOC in the study area is 2.8%; (b) density porosity model is more reliable and average porosity in the study area is 8.5%. Positive correlation between TOCs and porosities in the upper and lower Marcellus suggests that effective pores contribute more significantly to the pore network than isolated pores; (c) gas in place is 120 Bcf with 60% free gas for a drilling unit of 640 acres. Large contrasts in Young's modulus (1 million psi) and minimum in situ stress (893 psi) along the upper Marcellus-Stafford limestone boundary, and resistivity separations in the lower Marcellus member, show that the upper Marcellus is a good stimulation candidate. This method and field case study provide valuable insights to evaluate Marcellus shale reservoirs and improve economic recovery of the resources in place.
Methods for Simultaneously Obtaining Endocardial and Epicardial Electrophysiology Maps from Reanimated Swine Hearts
Authors: Duong Neal , Iaizzo Paul A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cardiac electrophysiology plays pivotal roles for both diagnosing and treating heart rhythm disorders; relying on generated anatomic electrical mapping for providing critical insights into the given patient’s cardiac conduction. This study merges Visible Heart methodologies with Medtronic’s Affera endocardial and CardioInsight epicardial mapping systems to concurrently explore activation and repolarization patterns within reanimated swine hearts. By integrating these systems, we aimed to comprehensively characterize functional electrophysiology and hemodynamic responses while assessing therapeutic interventions: like ablation procedures and implantable devices. The integration allowed us to observe and correlate endocardial and epicardial electrical activities and associated hemodynamics during sinus rhythm and post-procedures, offering unique insights into cardiac conduction dynamics and device-tissue interactions. Despite the complexities of employing the combined systems, clinically this integrated approach unveils promising implications for tailored patient-specific therapies and advancements in cardiac interventions
Quantifying Nasal Wall Cartilage Stiffness: The Development of a Nasal Cartilage Caliper
Authors: Shenoi Jason , Razmi Samuel E. , Zhang James , Sears Nicholas , Khan Faizaan , Rashidi Keyvon , Brissett Anthony , Bressler Fred , Takashima Masayoshi , Ahmed Omar G. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nasal obstruction is a widespread issue in the US, with dynamic collapse during inspiration being a common cause. Current treatment methods using radiofrequency lack precise quantification of nasal cartilage strength and rely on subjective measures such as QOL surveys. This study introduces a novel approach employing custom-designed nasal cartilage calipers with off-the-shelf electronics, offering a lightweight, accurate measurement of nasal cartilage stress-strain relationships based on force and distance. The graphical representation of real-time deformation and pressure provides a specific assessment compared to traditional rhinomanometry, aiding physicians in evaluating nasal cartilage strength and assessing postprocedural changes. Future iterations should address limitations and include comparisons with rhinomanometry, enhancing the device's utility in clinical settings. This innovative device addresses a critical gap in current medical practices by contributing to treatment decision-making and advancing nasal cartilage research.
Comparison of Bionic Hand Finger Actuation Mechanisms
Authors: Moodie Donato , Rawlings Christopher , Mohamed Abdul-Khaaliq 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Finger actuation mechanisms were investigated to aid the development of a low-cost prosthetic hand. A novel method was used to assess the finger actuation mechanisms individually as opposed to assessing the entire hand. This has the benefit of enabling the finger designs to be applied to multiple hand designs. Each finger actuation mechanism consisted of a finger design and a driver. The three finger designs considered were the Tact finger; a derivative of the OpenBionics hand, denoted the Channel finger; and a 4-Bar Linkage finger. The two actuation drivers tested for each finger were a solid-bar linkage system and a pulley system —both of which are motor-driven. The finger actuation mechanisms were assessed based on the force produced, movement precision, degrees of movement, power consumption, contraction and extension times, and mass. A weighted summation method was used to aggregate the results into a score for each finger design. The motor-driven linkage systems outperformed the motor-driven pulley systems with the 4-Bar linkage finger being the best-performing finger actuation mechanism overall. It was recommended that the number of actuation mechanisms be expanded to provide a more comprehensive set of results. Different motors should be tested to improve the force produced to bring it in line with an average human finger.
Solar and Mechanically Charged Fetal Heart Rate Doppler for Global Health Utilization
Authors: Bass Hannah , Tran Khue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Frequent prenatal visits allow for early detection of fetal abnormalities and prevention of f etal mortality. While research has shown that the use of the fetal heart rate Doppler is superior compared to the Pinard stethoscope for detecting abnormal fetal heart rate, the usability of the device is limited in areas that lack consistent electricity sources or battery access. Our proposed device is a low-cost, self-powered method to monitor the fetal heart rate for pregnant women in low resource, rural areas in order to reduce fetal mortality and bridge key gaps in care. Using solar power and supplemental mechanical energy (via motor crank), this device is able to run without the need of replaceable batteries or an external power supply. Through multiple iterations and testing, our team was able to create a working prototype that incorporates key design input from stakeholders while also remaining compact and low cost. Future considerations include increasing the length of the battery life in order to assist in continuous monitoring for deliveries and further exploration on the adaptability of the device in developing countries.
A Novel Tool for Application of Bone Wax in Neurotologic and Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Smetak Miriam R. , O’Connor Zachary , Shew Matthew , Kim Albert H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surgeries of the ear and lateral skull base frequently require the use of bone wax to seal off small vessels and to repair or prevent leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. Application of bone wax to the hard, wet, and irregular surface of the bone is challenging with conventional instruments due to the tendency of the wax to slip off the bone and the narrow surgical corridors of the lateral skull base. Here we present a novel surgical tool for bone wax application, comprised of a rigid core with a coating of softer material over the ends. We tested several combinations of 3D printed materials in cadaveric temporal bones simulating surgical conditions. The tool was superior to conventional methods of bone wax application for all material combinations tested. Further studies into optimal materials and additional applications are planned.
In Search of a Quantitative Facial Analysis Tool: An Initial Study
Authors: Alias Basil P. , Upadhyaya Raghave , Zhang James 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The subjective nature of analyzing outcomes following facial plastic surgery poses a great challenge to providing objective evaluations of patients. Currently, there is a lack of accurate quantitative tools to monitor facial appearance and function. We introduce a novel quantitative facial analysis tool dubbed numeriFACE, which utilizes the recent advances in mobile camera technology and machine learning to provide precise and reliable automated facial mapping and scoring. numeriFACE allows for both retrospective analysis of existing 2D images, as well as more advanced prospective analysis utilizing depth information. numeriFACE was used in its two study arms to harvest six key facial measurements: intercanthal distance, mouth width, pronasale to menton, alar base width, mid-face height, and lower-face height. These were then compared to standard-of-care caliper measurements showing a strong degree of correlation overall. numeriFACE provides a reliable and repeatable point-by-point registration of human facial features. It has the potential to be used in a vast array of facial characterization most specifically analyzing mid-face symmetry. Future studies are aimed at utilizing the software in the fields of reconstructive as well as aesthetic surgery.
Validation of a Novel Mobile Flexible Hysteroscopy System Through a Comparative Usability Trial
Authors: Wessels Edmund , Sivarasu Sudesh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hysteroscopy is currently regarded as the gold standard for diagnosing and treating abnormal uterine conditions. Procedures are typically performed in operating theatres with general anesthesia, but recent developments of hysteroscopy systems allow for procedures to be performed in-office without the need for anesthesia. Shortcomings of existing hysteroscopy systems, however, limit the adoption of in-office procedures which in turn reduces access for patients. Identifying these shortcomings led to outlining the requirements of a proposed hysteroscopy system that would allow more specialists to perform in-office procedures. This paper presents an overview of the subsequently developed novel mobile flexible hysteroscopy system that was validated through a usability trial with a user group consisting of gynecologists and compared to the current standard hysteroscopy system. The results of the trial showed users were able to successfully perform mock procedures on a hysteroscopy simulator and the developed system had a higher usability score than the standard system, especially among less experienced users.
Wearable Ultrasound Device for Monitoring Blood Flow in Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Hage Benjamin D. , Krings Ethan J. , Walker Quentin , Markvicka Eric J. , Bashford Gregory R. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage affects 6.1/100,000 people annually worldwide. After initial bleeding has stopped, victims are at high risk of vasospasm, a narrowing of cerebral arteries that may lead to stroke, for two weeks. One currently used method of monitoring for vasospasm involves calculation of the Lindegaard ratio, a ratio of blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery to the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. However, this method requires trained operators, limiting the frequency at which it is performed (no more than once per day). This work demonstrates a proof-of-concept device for frequent Lindegaard ratio calculation via periodic monitoring of blood flow in the internal carotid artery.
User-Centered Design Enhancements for Minimally Invasive Stapler-Cutter Instruments
Authors: Swerczek Nick , Kullmann Peyton , Nelson Carl A. , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents design advancements for minimally invasive surgical stapler-cutters. Considering existing constraints including range of articulation, a cable-pulley transmission design is pursued. Kinematic relationships to optimize toward constant cable path length are presented. A more ergonomic handle layout is proposed to improve force transmission and comfort for the surgeon. Prototyping results demonstrate achievement of design goals related to range of motion and instrument size.
Medical Product Development Competencies for Biomedical Engineers: A Survey of Industry Stakeholders
Authors: Stegemann Jan P. , Gandhi Agharnan , Haskin Ambrose , Louttit Cameron , Mays Elizabeth , Schmedlen Rachael , Wrobel Melissa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A survey of the competencies needed for biomedical engineers working in medical product development (MPD) was sent to medtech professionals in industry. The MPD survey received 120 responses from participants in small, medium, and large organizations. Almost half the respondents reported &gt;10 years of experience in medtech. Respondents numerically scored 41 competencies related to medical product development based on their importance to engineers. In addition, respondents provided open-ended input on expected changes in the industry, as well as key drivers and trends in the next 5-10 years. Professional skills such as communication, teamwork, creativity, and self-awareness were highly ranked, as was practical experience. Fundamental medical product development competencies such as quality, risk, and regulatory were also considered important, as were training in statistics and design for manufacturing. Respondents noted the recent emphasis on remote monitoring and telehealth necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-23. Big data, artificial intelligence, machine learning, robotics, and automation were identified as expanding areas that will influence the evolution of the field. The survey data provide direct insight into the needs of the medical technology workforce, which can be used to inform the education and training of biomedical engineers.
Motor Characterization of a Wearable Device to Manage Upper Extremity Lymphedema
Authors: Wangler Selah , Rechani Jennifer , Jarvis Seth , Newberry Tara , Muelenaer Andre , Arena Christopher B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Lymphedema is an incurable, progressive condition characterized by painful swelling that affects 140 to 200 million people worldwide [1,2]. The primary treatment for lymphedema is manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) massage combined with compression garments. MLD is performed by certified lymphedema therapists, which limits the frequency of treatment sessions and decreases patient independence. We have created a wearable device that uses vibration to mimic the patterns of MLD, with the long-term goal to enable at-home maintenance therapy between MLD sessions. In this study, the acceleration and frequency of our motors were tested and compared to vibratory, handheld massagers that have been combined clinically with MLD. Acceleration testing utilized an accelerometer placed in the center of an arm-mimicking tissue phantom, with a model of the current device placed on the outside. Data was collected at varying voltages and motor configurations, and frequency information was calculated in MATLAB using an FFT. The rms acceleration ranged from approximately 0.5 to 2 g and the frequency ranged from 70 to 180 Hz. The amplitude was comparable to a small clinical vibration tool and less than a large clinical vibration tool; the frequencies were comparable across all devices.
Effect of Myocardial Postconditioning with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Hemodynamics of Reanimated Swine Hearts
Authors: Toczyl Samanta , Reifart Jörg , Iaizzo Paul A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Even a small to moderate degree of global cardiac ischemia during a cardiac procedure or surgery can significantly contribute to a patient’s postoperative morbidity and mortality. While various ischemic damage mitigation strategies have been implemented, the efficacy of the intravenous administration of polyunsaturated fatty acids has not been extensively studied. This research evaluates the impact of myocardial pharmacological postconditioning via intravenous infusion of lipid emulsions on the hemodynamic performance during global cardiac ischemia using Visible Heart® Methodologies: swine hearts reanimated ex-vivo and maintained with an acellular perfusate saturated with oxygen. Intravascular postconditioning with omega 3/omega 6 fatty acid improved cardiac performance metrics during global ischemia in reanimated swine hearts. These findings suggest that further investigation into the protective effects of PUFAs is warranted. Due to the use of a Krebs-Henseleit physiological buffer solution for the isolated heart models, any effect seen in these experiments would be independent of blood components (e.g. lymphocyte-mediated effects) and most likely a direct effect on the cardiac myocytes.
Fetal Surgery Device Concepts for the Treatment of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome with Intact Atrial Septum
Authors: Byju Achu G. , Chun Kwonsoo , Belfort Michael A. , Haridas Balakrishna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Outcomes for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome have improved over the years, but there remains a subgroup for which the mortality rate remains extremely high: those with an intact/restrictive atrial septum. Fetal surgical approaches for this group involve balloon septoplasty or stenting (off-label use of adult coronary stents) of the atrial septum to relieve left atrial hypertension. However, significant challenges exist with these approaches on account of atrial recoil and the lack of devices engineered for this application. We present two device concepts that demonstrate potential to address these challenges. The first is a self-expanding flanged stent that eases positioning challenges and reduces the risk of stent migration. The second is a balloon with an electrode array that uses radiofrequency electrical energy to denature the atrial septal tissue following a balloon septoplasty to reduce the degree of tissue recoil. The two device concepts were tested for first-order feasibility on an atrial septum analogue. The stent device was fabricated from a commercially available self-expanding carotid stent and the balloon device was simulated using an electrode array bonded to a dilating mandrel. Both devices successfully created a channel in the atrial septum analogue, demonstrating the feasibility of these device concepts.
Pediatric 3D Head Scan Evaluation for Customized Respiratory Support Mask Development
Authors: Duque Vanessa Segura , Bur Julianne , Seifert Emily , Goertzen Lexie , Schwab Elizabeth , Saladin Katrina , Fischer Gwenyth , Griffin Linsey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The process of developing customizable non-invasive respiratory support masks for the pediatric population relies heavily on capturing 3D facial scans in dynamic pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospital environments. This research aimed to develop and test a method to evaluate the quality and usability of pediatric 3D head scans collected in a PICU. The goal of this research was to design a protocol to examine 3D scans and determine the feasibility of its use for NIV mask development, subsequently outlining the first stage for a customized NIV mask design strategy. The procedure consists of three distinct phases: model reconstruction and visual inspection, followed by a second phase to scrutinize specific facial areas, and a final third phase that involves landmark identification to assess the viability of the personalized support mask development from the 3D scan. This research presents one method to bridge the gap between the processes of two vastly different systems--product development and pediatric healthcare--to achieve a vision of customized respiratory mask solutions that blend seamlessly into the complex healthcare system. The results of this study present new perspectives on how to approach 3D scans of the pediatric population for the end purpose of developing customized devices. The method serves a dual purpose: one, to identify areas in the scan that require improvement retrospectively, and two, to prospectively devise strategies for transforming these scans into personalized mask designs.
Implementing a New Standard for the Development of Doppler Ultrasonic Devices Towards Peripheral Blood Vessel Use
Authors: Oberleitner Emily 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Doppler ultrasound is applied towards the detection and diagnosis of blood vessel disorders and disease. Through the comparison of three readily available Doppler systems, a difference in the sensitivity between the systems was observed and used to determine if a new standard should be implemented to guarantee that each commercially available Doppler system reaches a minimum degree of sensitivity before commercialization. The three Doppler systems tested all included a Doppler device and pencil probe. The angle of the probe relative to the blood vessel, flow of blood through the vessel, gel used as an ultrasound coupling medium, and simulated blood (22% hematocrit) were all held constant throughout the experiment. The distance from directly on top of the blood vessel to the most proximal point at which the Doppler system detected a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 2:1 was recorded for a total of 10 trials. Normal distributions of the distances found in the 10 trials for each Doppler system were created and a one-way ANOVA test was conducted from these distributions. The ANOVA test resulted in a p-value of 1.176E-10, proving a significant difference in the sensitivity between Doppler systems. Clinical use of Doppler systems that lack sensitivity may result in misdiagnosis or a false negative. Therefore, a significant difference in the sensitivity between systems suggests that a standard should be implemented to ensure that all Doppler systems operate with a minimum degree of sensitivity.
Analysys of a Wearable Active Airbag for Falling Injury Protection of the Elderly
Authors: Jung Soonmoon , Lee Youngho , Kim Jaemin , Song Hyeyeong , Oh Seungyun , Jang Jiwoo , Na Inyeop , Hong Junghwa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study designs a biomechanically optimized wearable airbag system to prevent fall-induced injuries among the elderly. The system uses sensors to detect falls, deploying airbags with helium to cushion the body, specifically protecting the pelvis, femur, and spine. Simulations replicate fall conditions to evaluate the impact and injury reduction capabilities of the airbag, measuring forces and injury severity through established criteria like HIC and CTI. The results show that the airbag significantly decreases the risk of fractures and serious injuries during falls. The simulations are supplemented with real-world tests to validate the protective benefits of the airbag system. Both sets of data agree, confirming the airbag's potential to enhance elderly safety. These findings suggest that the proposed system could serve as an effective tool in reducing fall-related injuries, providing a new direction in fall prevention strategies for the aging society. This research contributes to the growing field of eldercare technology and opens avenues for further innovations in personal safety devices for the elderly.