bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of hypoxia inducible factors combined with all-trans retinoic acid treatment enhances glial transdifferentiation of neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Cimmino Flora , Pezone Lucia , Avitabile Marianna , Acierno Giovanni , Andolfo Immacolata , Capasso Mario , Iolascon Achille 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NBL) is a heterogeneous tumor characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. A high tumor cell differentiation grade correlates to a favorable stage and positive outcome. Expression of the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1-α (HIF1A gene) and HIF2-α (EPAS1 gene) and/or hypoxia-regulated pathways has been shown to promote the undifferentiated phenotype of NBL cells. Our hypothesis is that HIF1A and EPAS1 expression represent one of the mechanisms responsible for the lack of responsiveness of NBL to differentiation therapy. Clinically, high levels of HIF1A and EPAS1 expression were associated with inferior survival in two NBL microarray datasets and patient subgroups with lower expression of HIF1A and EPAS1 showed significant enrichment of pathways related to neuronal differentiation. In NBL cell lines, the combination of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) with HIF1A or EPAS1 silencing led to an acquired glial-cell phenotype and enhanced expression of glial-cell differentiation markers. Furthermore, HIF1A or EPAS1 silencing might promote cell senescence independent of ATRA treatment. Taken together, our data suggest that HIF inhibition coupled with ATRA treatment promotes differentiation into a more benign phenotype and cell senescence in vitro. These findings open the way for additional lines of attack in the treatment of NBL minimal residue disease.
Controlling the degradation kinetics of porous iron by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) infiltration for use as temporary medical implants
Authors: Yusop Abdul Hakim Md , Daud Nurizzati Mohd , Nur Hadi , Kadir Mohammed Rafiq Abdul , Hermawan Hendra 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIron and its alloy have been proposed as biodegradable metals for temporary medical implants. However, the formation of iron oxide and iron phosphate on their surface slows down their degradation kinetics in bothin vitroandin vivoscenarios. This work presents new approach to tailor degradation behavior of iron by incorporating biodegradable polymers into the metal. Porous pure iron (PPI) was vacuum infiltrated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to form fully dense PLGA-infiltrated porous iron (PIPI) and dip coated into the PLGA to form partially dense PLGA-coated porous iron (PCPI). Results showed that compressive strength and toughness of the PIPI and PCPI were higher compared to PPI. A strong interfacial interaction was developed between the PLGA layer and the iron surface. Degradation rate of PIPI and PCPI was higher than that of PPI due to the effect of PLGA hydrolysis. The fast degradation of PIPI did not affect the viability of human fibroblast cells. Finally, this work discusses a degradation mechanism for PIPI and the effect of PLGA incorporation in accelerating the degradation of iron.
Tunable broadband plasmonic field enhancement on a graphene surface using a normal-incidence plane wave at mid-infrared frequencies
Authors: Zhang Tian , Chen Lin , Wang Bing , Li Xun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigate optical field enhancement for a wide mid-infrared range, originating from the excitation of graphene plasmons, by introducing a graded dielectric grating of varying period underneath a graphene monolayer. Excitation of the plasmonic mode can be achieved by illuminating a normal-incidence plane wave on the gratings due to guided-mode resonance. The gratings of varying period enable the excitation of the plasmonic mode with a very high field enhancement factor (to the order of magnitude of 1000) within a wide spectral band, which leads to the frequency-dependent spatially separated localization of the infrared spectrum modes. We also demonstrate that the excitation position of the plasmonic mode can be freely tuned by varying the thickness of the interlayer as well as the chemical potential of the graphene monolayer. This structure enables the design of two-dimensional plasmonic photonic circuits and metamaterials targeted towards numerous potential applications including optoelectronic detectors, light-harvest devices, on-chip optical interconnects, biosensors and light-matter interactions.
Exogenous features versus prior experiences modulate different subregions of the right IPL during episodic memory retrieval
Authors: Kwok Sze Chai , Macaluso Emiliano 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe fractionation view holds that distinct cognitive operations are mediated by subregions of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Within IPL, we hypothesised that retrieval-related activity in different parts of the right supramarginal gyrus (rSMG) may be modulated differentially by information acquired via different combinations of attention signals at encoding. We had two groups of participants watch a 42-min TV episode and, after a 24-hr delay, perform a temporal-order judgment task during fMRI. Each retrieval trial comprised three images presented sequentially, requiring participants to judge the temporal order between the first and last images while ignoring the second image (“distractor”). We manipulated the bottom-up factor by presenting distractors that were extracted from either an event-boundary or a non-boundary of the movie. The top-down factor was manipulated by instructing one group perform a segmentation task reporting the event-boundaries at encoding, while the other group watched the movie passively. Across groups, we found that the stimulus-related factor modulated retrieval activation in the anterior rSMG (areas PFt and PFop), whereas the goal-related influence of prior segmentation interacted with this effect in the middle rSMG (area PF), demonstrating IPL segregation during retrieval as a function of prior bottom-up vs. top-down attention signals.
Molecular Characterization of NF1 and Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in a Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Jia , Tong Hanxing , Fu Xi’an , Zhang Yong , Liu Jiangbo , Cheng Ruhong , Liang Jianying , Peng Jie , Sun Zhonghui , Liu Hong , Zhang Furen , Lu Weiqi , Li Ming , Yao Zhirong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease that is primarily characterized by multiple café au-lait spots (CALs) and skin neurofibromas, which are attributed to defects in the tumor suppressor NF1. Because of the age-dependent presentation of NF1, it is often difficult to make an early clinical diagnosis. Moreover, identifying genetic alterations in NF1 patients represents a complex challenge. Currently, there are no effective detective methods and no comprehensive NF1 mutation data are available for mainland China. We screened 109 Chinese patients from 100 families with NF1-like phenotypes (e.g., CALs, neurofibromas, etc.) using Sanger sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and cDNA sequencing. NF1 mutations were identified in 97 individuals, among which 34 intragenic mutations have not previously been reported. Our exhaustive mutational analysis detected mutations in 89% (89/100) of the NF1-like probands and 93% (70/75) of subjects fulfilling the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria. Our findings indicate that individuals who exclusively present with multiple CALs exhibit a high possibility (76%) of having NF1 and show a significantly lower mutation rate (p = 0.042) compared with subjects who fulfill the NIH criteria, providing clinicians with the information that subjects only with multiple CALs harbor a considerable possibility (24%) of being attributed to other comparable diseases.
Ultra‐wideband transition from stripline to conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide
Authors: Kim In‐Bok , Choi Hyun‐Chul , Kim Kang Wook 
Published: June 2015

A design of an ultra‐wideband transition from a stripline (SL) to a conductor‐backed coplanar waveguide (CBCPW) is presented. The proposed transition provides smooth field transformation between adjacent transmission lines. The transition in a back‐to‐back configuration is measured to have <1.5 dB insertion loss and >10 dB return loss up to 25 GHz. The proposed transition can be easily integrated with SL‐based circuits for various applications.
Improvement in antiproliferative activity of Angelica gigas Nakai by solid dispersion formation via hot-melt extrusion and induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HeLa cells
Authors: Jiang Yunyao , Piao Jingpei , Cho Hyun-Jong , Kang Wie-Soo , Kim Hye-Young 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai (AGN) is one of the most popular herbal medicines and widely used as a functional food product. In this study, AGN was firstly processed by a low-temperature turbo mill and a hot melting extruder to reduce particle size and form solid dispersion (SD). Anticancer activity against HeLa cells was then examined. AGN-SD based on Soluplus was formed via hot-melt extrusion (HME) and showed the strongest cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells. In addition, the possible mechanism of cell death induced by AGN-SD on HeLa cells was also investigated. AGN-SD decreased cell viability, induced apoptosis, increased the production of reactive oxygen species, regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, and induced G2/M phase arrest in HeLa cells. This study suggested that AGN-SD based on Soluplus and the method to improve antiproliferative effect by SD formation via HME may be suitable for application in the pharmaceutical industry.
Oxidative DNA demethylation mediated by Tet enzymes
Authors: Xu Guo-Liang , Wong Jiemin 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDNA modification, methylation of cytosine (5mC), and oxidation of 5mC to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) can have profound effects on genome function in animals. These modifications are intricately involved in DNA methylation reprograming dynamics during mammalian development. Together, they contribute to cell lineage restriction and maintenance, while also undergoing dynamic changes during cellular transitions and induced reprograming. The last five years have seen an intense research focus on enzymatic DNA demethylation, triggered by the discovery of 5hmC and Tet dioxygenases. In this review, we evaluate recent findings that have provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying DNA demethylation and its effect on developmental regulation.
Developmental Morphology in Childhood Patellar Instability: Age-dependent Differences on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Düppe Katarina , Gustavsson Nicole , Edmonds Eric W. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to define pathologic morphology of patellar instability primarily in adults, but few studies have evaluated skeletally immature patients. The purpose of this study was to delineate differences in morphologic parameters between normal children and children with patellar instability.

Methods:
A retrospective review of knee MRIs, ages 8 to 18 years, using a “normal” cohort without evidence of patella instability (normal group, NG) and a cohort with unstable patella (unstable group, UG). Thirty-four measurements were made on patellar characteristics, trochlear morphology, limb alignment, and the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL). Spearman’s rho correlations were calculated between age and MRI measures.

Results:
There were 132 NG and 66 UG children that met criteria. The majority of parameters considered diagnostically relevant in adults, also seem to be statistically relevant for children. A new measure, MPFL insertion site to the physis distance, was also significantly different (NG: −1.8±3.5 vs. UG: 0±3.4 mm). More importantly, some measurements demonstrated both a difference between the 2 groups and an age correlation: osseous sulcus angle (NG: 133.4±12.4 vs. UG: 145.2±11.2 degrees, age correlation P=0.01) and cartilaginous sulcus angle (NG: 138.2±9.5 vs. UG: 152.5±11.7 degrees, age correlation P=0.03).

Conclusions:
Several end-stage adult parameters are significant as good predictors of patellar instability when seen on a child’s MRI; but, some parameters, such as sulcus angle, are dependent on the age of the child. The most significant variation in regards to age is seen with sulcus angles. Moreover, there is a significant change in the location of the MPFL attachment on the femur as it relates to the physis with age, as well as stability.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—prognostic study, case-control study.
Combined Medial Cuneiform Osteotomy and Multiple Metatarsal Osteotomies For Correction of Persistent Metatarsus Adductus in Children
Authors: Feng Lin , Sussman Michael 
Published: June 2015

Background:
Metatarsus adductus may occur in children after otherwise successful clubfoot treatment or may be an isolated deformity. There are various bony procedures currently in use for treatment of this problem. The purpose of this study was to review our experience with medial cuneiform opening-wedge osteotomy along with transmetatarsal osteotomy through the base of the second to fifth for treatment of the forefoot adductus in children.

Methods:
From 1992 to 2008, we found 16 patients, 25 feet who underwent the procedure by a single surgeon (MDS) at the Shriners Hospitals for Children in Portland. All preoperative and postoperative radiographs were measured and analyzed and all clinic notes were reviewed.

Results:
Major improvements were seen in the configuration of the foot. Significant differences were found between preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior standing radiographs by measuring the talo-first metatarsal angle, the talo-calcaneal angle, the calcaneal-second metatarsal angle, and the calcaneal-fifth metatarsal angle (P<0.005). On the lateral view the talo-first metatarsal, the talo-calcaneal, the tibio-talar, the tibio-calcaneal, and the pitch angle did not show any change. An unexpected finding was that after the surgery, the lateral subluxation of talo-navicular joint was partially corrected.

Conclusions:
This retrospective study suggests that combined medial cuneiform opening-wedge osteotomy with transmetatarsal osteotomy through the base of second to fifth can effectively correct this deformity regardless of the underlying cause. In our cases, we achieved good clinical and radiographic results. We have used this procedure for patients 6 years and older who have moderate to severe forefoot adductus.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic studies.
Reducing Cost and Radiation Exposure During the Treatment of Pediatric Greenstick Fractures of the Forearm
Authors: Ting Beverlie L. , Kalish Leslie A. , Waters Peter M. , Bae Donald S. 
Published: June 2015

Background:
We hypothesize that after successful closed reduction of pediatric greenstick fractures of the forearm, there is a low rate of lost reduction requiring intervention. By reducing the frequency of clinical and radiographic follow-up, we can reduce costs and radiation exposure.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on patients aged 2 to 16 years treated with closed reduction and cast immobilization for greenstick fractures of the forearm at our institution between 2003 and 2013. The primary endpoint was a healed fracture with acceptable alignment at the final radiographic evaluation. Time-derived activity-based costing was used for cost analysis. We estimated radiation exposure in consultation with our hospital’s radiation safety office.

Results:
One hundred and nine patients with an average age of 6.9 years (range, 2 to 15 y) met the inclusion criteria. The initial maximal fracture angulation of the affected radius and/or ulna averaged 19.3 (SD=±8.7) degrees (range, 2 to 55 degrees). Patients were followed for an average of 60 days (range, 19 to 635 d). On average, patients received 3.6 follow-up clinical visits and 3.5 sets of radiographs following immediate emergency department care. Ninety-four percent of patients met criteria for acceptable radiographic alignment. Only 1 patient (0.9%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2%-5.0%) underwent rereduction, as determined by the treating physician. If clinical follow-up were limited to 2 visits and 3 sets of radiographs total, there would be a 14.3% reduction in total cost of fracture care and a 41% reduction in radiation exposure.

Conclusions:
This retrospective study suggests that pediatric greenstick fractures of the forearm rarely require intervention after initial closed reduction. We propose that 2 clinical follow-up visits and 3 sets of radiographs would reduce overall care costs and radiation exposure without compromising clinical results.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—economic and decision analyses.
Habitat features and long‐distance dispersal modify the use of social information by a long‐distance migratory bird
Authors: Rushing Clark S. , Dudash Michele R. , Marra Peter P. 
Published: June 2015

Summary

The processes by which individuals select breeding sites have important consequences for individual tness as well as population‐ and community‐dynamics. Although there is increasing evidence that many animal species use information acquired from conspecics to assess the suitability of potential breeding sites, little is known about how the use of this social information is modified by biotic and abiotic conditions.

We used an automated playback experiment to simulate two types of social information, post‐breeding public information and pre‐breeding location cues, to determine the relative importance of these cues for breeding site selection by a migratory songbird, the American redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). In addition, we used stable hydrogen isotopes to determine the dispersal status of individuals that responded to our experimental treatments and quantify whether long‐distance dispersers use different social cues to select breeding sites compared to philopatric individuals.

We found that points that received pre‐breeding location cue treatments were signi cantly more likely to be settled by redstarts than control points that received no playback. However, we found no evidence the redstarts used post‐breeding public information gathered during one season to select breeding sites the following year. Breeding site habitat structure was also a strong predictor of settlement probability, indicating that redstarts modi ed the use of social information based on habitat cues. Furthermore, stable hydrogen isotope signatures from individuals that responded to location cue treatments suggest that long‐distance dispersers may rely more heavily on these cues than local recruits.

Collectively, these results indicate that redstarts use multiple sources of information to select breeding sites, which could buffer individuals from selecting suboptimal sites when they breed in unfamiliar locations or when habitat quality becomes decoupled from social cues.
March Market Madness: The Impact of Value‐Irrelevant Events on the Market Pricing of Earnings News
Authors: Drake Michael S. , Gee Kurt H. , Thornock Jacob R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEach year, the NCAA basketball tournament (March Madness) is a daytime distraction for millions of people, providing a largely exogenous shock to investor attention. We investigate whether March Madness influences the market response to earnings by diverting investor attention away from earnings news. We find that the price reaction to earnings news released during March Madness is muted. This result generally holds across several samples and additional analyses. We also find that the result is more muted for low institutional ownership firms, consistent with the effect being driven by less‐sophisticated investors. Furthermore, we find that it takes the market 30 to 60 days to correct for the distraction effect. Overall, we provide a unique test of the theory of limited attention by documenting that extraneous events can have a significant impact on the pricing of earnings.
Elevated background TV exposure over time increases behavioural scores of 18‐month‐old toddlers
Authors: Chonchaiya Weerasak , Sirachairat Chalermpol , Vijakkhana Nakul , Wilaisakditipakorn Tanaporn , Pruksananonda Chandhita 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate whether trends of TV exposure from age six to 18 months and adult TV programmes were associated with behavioural concerns of 18‐month‐old Thai toddlers.MethodsThere were 194 healthy infants recruited at age six months and followed up until 18 months of age in this present cohort. TV exposure variables were assessed by interviewing in depth at both six‐ and 18‐month‐old visits. A mother of each participant rated the child's behaviours using the Child Behaviour Checklist.ResultsInfants who were increasingly exposed to TV from age six to 18 months with adult programmes since six months of age had higher pervasive developmental problems and oppositional defiant behaviours scores. Exposure to adult TV programmes at age six months was also associated with emotionally reactive problems, aggression and externalising behaviours in the final regression models.ConclusionTo promote appropriate toddlers' behaviours at age 18 months, elevated background TV exposure over time should be discouraged. Furthermore, paediatricians should emphasise such effects of TV exposure on child behaviours with parents at health supervision visits. As such, parents will be aware of the detrimental effect of increased background TV exposure over time on their children's behaviours.
Randomised trial of early neonatal hydrocortisone demonstrates potential undesired effects on neurodevelopment at preschool age
Authors: Peltoniemi Outi M. , Lano Aulikki , Yliherva Anneli , Kari M Anneli , Hallman Mikko ,   for The Neonatal Hydrocortisone Working Group
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimWe evaluated the neurodevelopment and growth of five‐ to seven‐year‐old children who had participated in a randomised trial of early low‐dose hydrocortisone treatment to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia.MethodsThe 51 infants in the original study had birthweights of 501–1250 g and gestational ages of 23–30 weeks, required mechanical ventilation during the first 24 hours and received hydrocortisone or a placebo for 10 days. The majority (80%) of the 90% who survived to five‐ to seven years of age participated in this follow‐up study and their growth, neuromotor, cognitive and speech development were evaluated.ResultsSome neurodevelopment impairment was observed in 61% of the hydrocortisone group and 39% of the placebo group, ranging from minor neurological dysfunction to severe neurological conditions (p = 0.182). The mean full‐scale intelligence quotient (IQ) was 87.8 (15.3) in the hydrocortisone group and 95.7 (15.0) in the placebo group (p = 0.135), and the mean performance IQ was 88.3 (14.5) and 99.1 (14.0) (p = 0.034), respectively. A fifth (22%) of the hydrocortisone group required physiotherapy, but none of the placebo group did (p = 0.034). The age‐standardised growth was comparable between both groups.ConclusionEarly hydrocortisone treatment may have undesired effects on neurodevelopment at preschool age, and further safety studies are required.