bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Geodetic Observations Using New VLBI Stations ASKAP-29 and WARK12M
Authors: Petrov Leonid , Phillips Chris , Tzioumis Tasso , Stansby Bruce , Reynolds Cormac , Bignall Hayley E. , Gulyaev Sergei , Natusch Tim , Palmer Neville , Collett David , Reynolds John E. , Amy Shaun W. , Wayth Randall , Tingay Steven J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report the results of a successful 7-hour 1.4 GHz Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) experiment using two new stations, ASKAP-29 located in Western Australia and WARK12M located on the North Island of New Zealand. This was the first geodetic VLBI observing session with the participation of these new stations. We have determined the positions of ASKAP-29 and WARK12M. Random errors on position estimates are 150–200 mm for the vertical component and 40–50 mm for the horizontal component. Systematic errors caused by the unmodeled ionosphere path delay may reach 1.3 m for the vertical component.
Temporal and Regional Trends in Black Bass Release Rates in Minnesota
Authors: Isermann Daniel A. , Maxwell Joshua B. , McInerny Michael C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Determining the prevalence of voluntary catch and release occurring in recreational fisheries for black bass Micropterus spp. is important in selecting and evaluating harvest regulations. Voluntary release rates of black bass have increased in some southern U.S. fisheries, but release rates could vary spatially. We used angler interviews from 245 open-water creel surveys conducted on 167 Minnesota bodies of water during 1984–2006 to determine whether black bass release rates differed among anglers specifically targeting black bass and anglers that were not targeting black bass, among geographic regions within the state, and among time periods. Ranked values of release rate did not significantly differ between anglers targeting black bass and anglers not targeting them for any of the four time periods. Before 1990, median black bass release rates were similar in northern and southern regions of the state and did not exceed 80% in either region. During 1990–1994 and 1995–1999, median release rates in the southern region exceeded 85% and the mean ranked release rate observed for 1995–1999 (92%) was significantly higher than during 1984–1989 (76%). Median release rates of black bass also increased in the northern region of Minnesota, but rates did not exceed 85% in any time period and were not significantly different among time periods based on ranked values. Anglers in Minnesota released most of the black bass they caught, but angler harvest of black bass was more prevalent in the northern region of Minnesota; this pattern may reflect regional differences in angler attitudes regarding black bass harvest. Changes in harvest regulations may not affect black bass populations in many waters because anglers voluntarily release most of the black bass they catch, but regulation changes may be more effective in regions where harvest of black bass is more prevalent.
Received July 9, 2012; accepted December 26, 2012
Constraints on possible age spreads within young massive clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Bastian N. , Silva-Villa E. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the observed main-sequence turnoff (MSTO) in colour–magnitude diagrams of intermediate-age (1–2 Gyr) clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is broader than would be nominally expected for a simple stellar population. This has led to the suggestion that such clusters may host multiple stellar populations, with age spreads of 100–500 Myr. However, at intermediate ages, spreads of this magnitude are difficult to discern and alternative explanations have been put forward (e.g. stellar rotation, interacting binaries). A prediction of the age-spread scenario is that younger clusters in the LMC, with similar masses and radii, should also show significant age spreads. In younger clusters (i.e. 40–300 Myr), such large age spreads should be readily apparent. We present an analysis of the colour–magnitude diagrams of two massive young clusters in the LMC (NGC 1856 and NGC 1866) and show that neither have such large age spreads; in fact, both are consistent with a single burst of star formation [σ(age) &lt; 35 Myr]. This leads us to conclude that either the intermediate-age clusters in the LMC are somehow special or the broadened MSTOs are not due to an age spread within the clusters.
Relationship Between Physicochemical Properties of Wheat Flour, Wheat Protein Composition, and Textural Properties of Cooked Chinese White Salted Noodles
Authors: Hou Gary G. , Saini Ritu , Ng Perry K. W. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPhysicochemical properties and protein composition of 39 selected wheat flour samples were evaluated and correlated with the textural properties of Chinese hard‐bite white salted noodles. Flour samples were analyzed for their protein and wet gluten contents, sedimentation volume, starch pasting properties, and dough mixing properties by farinograph and extensigraph. Molecular weight distribution of wheat flour proteins was determined with size‐exclusion (SE) HPLC, SDS‐PAGE, and acid‐PAGE. Textural properties of Chinese hard‐bite white salted noodles were determined through texture profile analysis (TPA). Hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness of cooked noodles were found to be related to the dough mixing properties. Both protein content and protein composition were found to be related to TPA parameters of noodles. The amount of total flour protein was positively correlated to hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of noodles. The absolute amounts of different peak proteins obtained from SE‐HPLC data showed positive correlations with the hardness, gumminess, chewiness, and springiness of noodles. The proportions of these peak proteins were, however, not significantly related to texture parameters. The proportions of low‐molecular‐weight glutenins/gliadins and albumins/globulins, as observed from SDS‐PAGE, were correlated positively and negatively, respectively, to the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of cooked noodles. Among the alcohol‐soluble proteins (from acid‐PAGE data), β‐gliadins showed strong correlations with the texture properties of cooked noodles. For the selected flour samples, the total protein content of flour had a stronger relationship with the noodle texture properties than did the relative proportion of different protein subgroups. Prediction equations were developed for TPA parameters of cooked noodles with SE‐HPLC and rapid visco analysis data of the 30 flour samples, and it was found that about 75% of the variability in noodle hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values could be explained by protein composition and flour pasting properties combined together. About 50% of the variations in cohesiveness and springiness were accounted for by these prediction equations.
First Report of Branch Blight of Tree Peony Caused by Phoma glomerata in China
Authors: Zhao D. , Kang Y. B. 
Published: March 2013

Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is a perennial woody deciduous shrub native to China and famous for its beautiful flowers. Starting in early autumn 2010, blighted branches of tree peony were detected in the International Peony Garden in Luoyang. The disease incidence was greater than 10% and disease symptoms included bulb atrophy and twig and branch dieback. Pycnidia were embedded within the bark of diseased branches. They were small, black, ostiolate, and measured 145 to 275 × 140 to 251 μm. Pycnoconidia were single-celled, hyaline or sandy beige, rounded to ellipsoidal, and 3.9 to 10.3 × 2.3 to 7.0 μm. Pure cultures were obtained by plating the pycnoconidia on potato dextrose agar (PDA). In culture, the fungus produced a circular, white to pink colony with pyknotic and linter shaped aerial mycelium. Numerous pycnidia, initially brown and dark at maturity, were embedded in the mycelium, especially in the center of the colony, with a few of them scattered in the edge. The morphological characteristics were consistent with Phoma (2). The ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of three isolates were PCR amplified and sequenced with primers ITS1 and ITS4. Sequences (GenBank Accession No. JX885584) showed 99% identity with reference isolates of Peyronellaea glomerata (Corda) Goid (AB470906.1 and HQ380779.1) and Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. & Hochapfel (EU098115.1). These two species are synonyms (1). To test pathogenicity, nine healthy branches of 3-year-old potted tree peony plants were wound-inoculated with a PDA disk containing pycnidia from an actively growing colony of P. glomerata. Three control branches were inoculated with sterile PDA disks. Each inoculated branch was wrapped in a plastic bag and maintained in a greenhouse at 25 to 28°C. After 3 days, brown patches appeared on inoculated branches and extended by up to 1 cm. Pycnidia identical to those observed in the field and in storage appeared on all inoculated branches 7 days after inoculation. Control branches did not show symptoms. The pathogen was reisolated from inoculated branches, fulfilling Koch's postulates. P. glomerata was reported as the causal agent of withering of flowers and young shoots of grapevines in Yugoslavia (3). To our knowledge, P. glomerata and Botryosphaeria dothidea have always been reported together, causing branch wilting or dieback. To our knowledge, this is the first report of branch blight of tree peony caused by P. glomerata in China. References: (1) M. M. Aveskamp et al. Mycol. Soc. Am. 101:363, 2009. (2) G. H. Boerema et al. Studies in Mycology, 3, 1973. (3) A. Šaric-Sabadoš et al. Atti Ist. bot. Univ. Pavia 18:101, 1960.
Management legacies shape decadal‐scale responses of plant diversity to experimental disturbance regimes in fragmented grassy woodlands
Authors: Prober Suzanne M. , Thiele Kevin R. , Speijers Jane 
Published: March 2013

Summary
Understanding multiple ecological determinants of plant diversity and composition underpins good vegetation management. In mesic ecosystems, ecological theory and empirical data predict that moderate to high disturbance promotes native plant diversity, but relationships between disturbance and other drivers of diversity are poorly understood.
We examined local determinants of native plant diversity and composition through 12‐year fire, mowing and grazing experiments in two mesic grassy woodland remnants in fragmented agricultural landscapes of south‐eastern Australia. Remnants were representative of diverse woodlands, but had contrasting management histories. We hypothesized that (1) disturbance is a dominant driver of plant diversity and composition and (2) moderate to high disturbance promotes diversity independent of other drivers or disturbance agent.
Contrary to our first hypothesis, rainfall explained an overwhelming 31–60% of variation in native plant richness and native forb cover (hereafter diversity), while aspects of disturbance regime accounted for a significant but moderate 3–8%. The magnitude of disturbance effects was often rainfall dependent, and similar to that of other local determinants such as spatial heterogeneity. Disturbance also influenced native forb composition at one site.
The direction of disturbance effects on diversity did not depend on disturbance agent, but differed markedly between sites in accordance with their management history. At the cleared site with a history of frequent burning, diversity declined significantly with time since burning or mowing. By contrast, at the long‐unburnt, wooded site, diversity declined with frequent fire and with lagomorph and macropod grazing.
These contrasting responses indicate that moderate to high disturbance is not consistently beneficial for diversity in mesic grassy ecosystems, contradicting our second hypothesis. Instead, disturbance responses are dependent on interactions with other drivers, potentially including assemblage filtering associated with historical fire regime and increased understorey productivity associated with tree clearing.
Synthesis and applications: The magnitude and direction of disturbance effects on diversity depend on interactions with other drivers, hence a single prescription for disturbance regime across different remnants of fragmented grassy ecosystems is not appropriate. Decadal‐scale responses of diversity to disturbance may be shaped by historical disturbances, suggesting instead that management be guided by historical regime.
Determining the Primary Drivers of Liking to Predict Consumers' Acceptance of Fresh Nectarines and Peaches
Authors: Delgado Claudia , Crisosto Gayle M. , Heymann Hildegarde , Crisosto Carlos H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA generic descriptive analysis using 11 judges provided 16 sensory attributes that described the aroma, flavor, and texture characteristics of 7 nectarine and peach cultivars selected for their predominant sensory attributes. Simultaneously, the “in‐store” acceptability of these cultivars was evaluated by 120 consumers from northern California. The relationships among instrumental measurements (flesh firmness, ripe soluble solids concentration (RSSC), and ripe titratable acidity (RTA), sensory panel descriptors, and consumer hedonic responses were studied. In these cultivars, RSSC was the only instrumental measurement significantly related to overall liking. Cultivars with medium acidity and/or flavor/aroma were liked “very much,” and consumer willingness to pay more was correlated with overall liking without regard to cultivar. Cluster analysis revealed 3 segments that were associated with ethnicity and consumer preferences within each segment. Sweetness was the main driver of liking for 2 consumer clusters; however, for the 3rd cluster, the perception of fruit aromas described as grassy/green fruit and pit aromas were the main drivers of liking. There was a high correlation between instrumental measurements and their sensory perception; however, the sensory attribute measurements explained cultivar characteristics better than instrumental measurements alone. Sweetness correlated positively with overall liking and consumer acceptance.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) Nanoparticles with Entrapped Cinnamon Bark Extract against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Hill Laura E. , Taylor T. Matthew , Gomes Carmen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNanoencapsulation of active compounds using poly‐(d,l‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for drug delivery and may have important applications in the food industry. Control of growth of foodborne bacteria with the goals of reducing the number of foodborne illness outbreaks, assuring consumers a safer food supply remains a priority in the food industry. Natural antimicrobials are an excellent way to eliminate pathogens without introducing chemical preservatives that consumers may find undesirable. Cinnamon bark extract (CBE) is an effective pathogen inhibitor isolated from cinnamon spice. PLGA nanoparticles containing CBE were produced using an emulsion‐solvent evaporation method and characterized for size, polydispersity, morphology, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release and pathogen inhibition. PLGA with 2 different ratios of lactide to glycolide (65:35 and 50:50) were used to determine how polymer composition affected nanoparticle characteristics and antimicrobial potency. The size of the nanoparticles ranged from 144.77 to 166.65 nm and the entrapment efficiencies of CBE in 65:35 PLGA and 50:50 PLGA were 38.90% and 47.60%, respectively. The in vitro release profile at 35 °C showed an initial burst effect for both types of PLGA followed by a more gradual release of CBE from the polymer matrix. Both types of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with CBE were effective inhibitors of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Listeria monocytogenes after 24 and 72 h at concentrations ranging from 224.42 to 549.23 μg/mL. The PLGA encapsulation improved delivery of hydrophobic antimicrobial to the pathogens in aqueous media.
Assessment of baseline characteristics, glycemic control and oral antidiabetic treatment in Asian patients with diabetes: The Registry for Assessing OAD Usage in Diabetes Management (REASON) Asia study (在亚洲糖尿病患者中评估基线特征、血糖控制情况以及口服降糖药物使用情况：使用登记表评估糖尿病治疗中口服药使用情况（REASON）的亚洲研究)
Authors: Vichayanrat Apichati , Matawaran Bien J. , Wibudi Aris , Ferdous Hossain S. , Aamir Azizul Hasan , Aggarwal Sanjay K. , Bajpai Shailendra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo assess baseline characteristics, glycemic control, and treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs (OAD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.MethodsThis multinational, observational study recruited patients ≥21 years of age who were newly diagnosed and/or treated with OAD monotherapy for <6 months but were inadequately controlled. In cross‐sectional phase, data on demographics, medical history, diabetic complications and comorbidities, OAD treatment, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were collected. In longitudinal phase evaluating 6‐month follow‐up of sulfonylurea (SU)‐treated patients, additional data on reasons for not achieving HbA1c targets were collected.ResultsOf 1487 patients (mean [±SD] age 52.0 ± 11.6 years; 46.7% men; mean BMI 25.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2) recruited, 75.9% were newly diagnosed, 73.3% had central obesity, 43.8% had hypertension, and 60.5% had dyslipidemia. The mean HbA1c was 9.8 ± 2.4%, and the mean FBG was 11.3 ± 4.3 mmol/L. At T0 (baseline) and T6 (month 6 visit), 99.8% (n = 1066) and 97.1% (n = 830) patients received SU, respectively. There was decrease from T0 to T6 in mean HbA1c (10.2% vs 7.3%, respectively; P < 0.0001) and mean FBG (12.0 vs 7.6 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.0001). Number of patients with HbA1c <7% increased from T0 (4.5%) to T6 (46.8%). Reasons for not achieving target HbA1c included poor diabetes education (50.7%), non‐compliance to OADs (21.4%), and fear of hypoglycemia (19.7%).ConclusionMarked reductions in HbA1c and FBG are achievable in T2DM patients managed with OADs. However, patient education and compliance are important for achieving and maintaining treatment targets.
Quantifying arthropod contributions to wood decay
Authors: Ulyshen Michael D. , Wagner Terry L. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryWood decomposition is driven primarily by microbial activity but proceeds at greatly varying rates depending on regional or local differences in physical conditions and other determinants. Although many arthropod taxa (e.g. termites, wood‐boring beetles) are known to consume or excavate dead wood, their contributions to the decay process remain largely unmeasured.Quantifying arthropod contributions to wood decay is fraught with challenges, but no guidelines are available to assist researchers in designing and carrying out studies of this kind. We therefore sought to provide a critical review of previous studies on this important topic and discuss methodological considerations that may benefit future researchers.The biggest challenge inherent to such research involves excluding arthropods from dead wood (i.e. the reference treatment) without otherwise affecting the decay process. Because mesh bags are likely to alter physical conditions relative to unenclosed substrates and insecticides are likely to inhibit microbial growth, additional experimentation is needed to isolate the arthropod effect. Alternatively, partial exclusion or temporary exposure methods may produce less confounded results.In determining the initial volume of a wood sample (e.g. to estimate the initial mass using specific gravity data), there is a trade‐off between the accuracy of this measurement and the realism of the study. A method involving image analysis is described for obtaining accurate initial volume estimates for naturally occurring woody substrates. When measuring changes in specific gravity during the decay process, initial sample volumes must be used in these calculations as opposed to the water displacement technique which fails to measure wood removed by arthropod activity.Termites carry large amounts of soil into dead wood, and this behaviour complicates efforts to measure their contributions to wood decay. A novel method for isolating termite soil by burning the wood is described, and some preliminary results are presented.These and other recommendations described herein should aid efforts to quantify the contributions of arthropods to wood decay. Such research is of great interest given the broad importance of dead wood to forest ecosystems–including its role in carbon storage–and the diversity and conservation concern of the species involved.
Long‐term outcome of chronic hepatitis C after sustained virological response to interferon‐based therapy
Authors: Koh C. , Heller T. , Haynes‐Williams V. , Hara K. , Zhao X. , Feld J. J. , Kleiner D. E. , Rotman Y. , Ghany M. G. , Liang T. J. , Hoofnagle J. H. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundAlthough the short‐term benefits of a sustained virological response (SVR) to interferon‐based therapies of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are well known, the long‐term consequences of SVR are less clear.AimTo assess changes in markers of disease activity and fibrosis in patients followed up to 23 years post‐SVR.MethodsThe first 103 SVR patients (from 1984 to 2003) at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center were evaluated. Serum markers before treatment and at the last visit were compared. Evaluations after 2007 included transient elastography (TE).ResultsOf 103 patients, three subsequently relapsed 0.7, 6.3 and 6.5 years post therapy. The remaining 100 patients (56 men, mean age 56 years) maintained SVR at final follow‐up. No patients developed hepatic decompensation, but one with pre‐treatment cirrhosis died 12 years post SVR of hepatocellular carcinoma. In comparison to pre‐treatment values, markers improved at follow‐up, including mean ALT (152–27 U/L), AST (87–24 U/L), alkaline phosphatase (78–69 U/L), IgG (1463–1113 mg/dL), platelet count (209 000–239 000/μL) and AST to platelet count ratio index (APRI: 1.31–0.33). TE was performed in 69 patients and was normal (<7.0 kPA) in 60%, moderately elevated (7.1–13.8) in 31% and cirrhotic range (>13.8) in 9%. TE and platelet counts at follow‐up correlated with fibrosis on pre‐treatment liver biopsy (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn 97% of patients with CHC, SVR is durable without evidence of disease progression, although some degree of hepatic fibrosis may persist and patients with pre‐treatment cirrhosis are at continuing low risk for hepatocellular carcinoma.