bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Lexical Diversity in Narrative Discourse of People With Aphasia
Authors: Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Wright Heather H. , West Thomas M. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
A microlinguistic content analysis for assessing lexical semantics in people with aphasia (PWA) is lexical diversity (LD). Sophisticated techniques have been developed to measure LD. However, validity evidence for these methodologies when applied to the discourse of PWA is lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate four measures of LD to determine how effective they were at measuring LD in PWA.

Method
Four measures of LD were applied to short discourse samples produced by 101 PWA: (a) the Measure of Textual Lexical Diversity (MTLD; McCarthy, 2005), (b) the Moving-Average Type-Token Ratio (MATTR; Covington, 2007), (c) D (McKee, Malvern, & Richards, 2000), and (d) the Hypergeometric Distribution (HD-D; McCarthy & Jarvis, 2007). LD was estimated using each method, and the scores were subjected to a series of analyses (e.g., curve-fitting, analysis of variance, confirmatory factor analysis).

Results
Results from the confirmatory factor analysis suggested that MTLD and MATTR reflect LD and little of anything else. Further, two indices (HD-D and D) were found to be equivalent, suggesting that either one can be used when samples are >50 tokens.

Conclusion
MTLD and MATTR yielded the strongest evidence for producing unbiased LD scores, suggesting that they may be the best measures for capturing LD in PWA.
Speech Motor Programming in Apraxia of Speech: Evidence From a Delayed Picture-Word Interference Task
Authors: Mailend Marja-Liisa , Maas Edwin 
Published: May 2013

Purpose
Apraxia of speech (AOS) is considered a speech motor programming impairment, but the specific nature of the impairment remains a matter of debate. This study investigated 2 hypotheses about the underlying impairment in AOS framed within the Directions Into Velocities of Articulators (DIVA; Guenther, Ghosh, & Tourville, 2006) model: The retrieval hypothesis states that access to the motor programs is impaired, and the damaged programs hypothesis states that the motor programs themselves are damaged.

Method
The experiment used a delayed picture-word interference paradigm in which participants prepare their response and auditory distracters are presented with the go signal. The overlap between target and distracter words was manipulated (i.e., shared sounds or no shared sounds), and participants' reaction times (RTs) were measured. Participants included 5 speakers with AOS (4 with concomitant aphasia), 2 speakers with aphasia without AOS, and 9 age-matched control speakers.

Results
The control speakers showed no effects of distracter type or presence. The speakers with AOS had longer RTs in the distracter condition compared to the no-distracter condition. The speakers with aphasia without AOS were comparable to the control group in their overall RTs and RT pattern.

Conclusion
Results provide preliminary support for the retrieval hypothesis, suggesting that access to motor programs may be impaired in speakers with AOS. However, the possibility that the motor programs may also be damaged cannot be ruled out.
Local circadian clock gates cell cycle progression of transient amplifying cells during regenerative hair cycling
Authors: Plikus Maksim V. , Vollmers Christopher , de la Cruz Damon , Chaix Amandine , Ramos Raul , Panda Satchidananda , Chuong Cheng-Ming 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Here, we show that cell autonomous circadian clock optimizes physiological regeneration of hair follicles by synchronizing mitotic progression in transient amplifying hair-matrix cells. The daily mitotic rhythm makes hairs grow faster in the morning than in the evening. Also, because of high sensitivity of mitotic cells to radiation, significantly greater hair loss occurs in the morning than in the evening following exposure to the same dose of γ-radiation. These results provide a roadmap for developing new radiation therapy protocols, when radiation cytotoxicity can be either minimized or maximized by timing its delivery throughout the course of the day.
Experimentally calibrated population of models predicts and explains intersubject variability in cardiac cellular electrophysiology
Authors: Britton Oliver J. , Bueno-Orovio Alfonso , Van Ammel Karel , Lu Hua Rong , Towart Rob , Gallacher David J. , Rodriguez Blanca 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Causes of intersubject variability in electrophysiological activity are unknown. We describe a methodology to unravel the ionic determinants of variability exhibited in experimental cardiac action potential recordings, based on the construction and calibration of populations of models. We show that 213 of 10,000 candidate models are consistent with the control experimental dataset. Ionic properties across the model population cover a wide range of values, and particular combinations of ionic properties determine shape, amplitude, and rate dependence of specific action potentials. Finally, we demonstrate that the calibrated model population quantitatively predicts effects caused by four concentrations of a potassium channel blocker.
Construction of self-recognizing regulatory T cells from conventional T cells by controlling CTLA-4 and IL-2 expression
Authors: Yamaguchi Tomoyuki , Kishi Ayumi , Osaki Motonao , Morikawa Hiromasa , Prieto-Martin Paz , Wing Kajsa , Saito Takashi , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: May 2013

SignificanceNaturally occurring regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress aberrant or excessive immune responses, thereby maintaining immune self-tolerance and homeostasis. This study shows that a combination of IL-2 repression, CTLA-4 expression, and antigenic stimulation is able to convert conventional T cells to potently immunosuppressive Treg-like cells, which are able to deprive IL-2 and CD28 signal from other T cells. Like natural Treg cells, they acquire a self-skewed T-cell receptor repertoire in the course of their thymic development, enabling them to control autoimmune responses effectively. This Treg construction by targeting IL-2 and CTLA-4 in conventional T cells is a novel way of immune suppression.
Child and adult readers’ processing of foreign elements in translated South African picturebooks
Authors: Kruger Haidee 
Published: May 2013

The tension between domesticating and foreignising translation strategies is particularly strongly felt in the translation of children’s literature, and has been a key issue in many studies of such literature. However, despite the pervasiveness of the concepts, there is little existing empirical research investigating how child (and adult) readers of translated children’s books process and respond to for eignised elements in translation. This means that scholars’ arguments in favour of either domestication or foreignisation in the translation of children’s literature are often based on intuition and personal experience, with no substantial empirical basis. This article presents the findings of an experiment undertaken to investigate Afrikaans child and adult readers’ processing of and responses to potentially linguistically and culturally foreign textual elements in translated children’s picturebooks, against the background of postcolonial/neocolonial cultural and linguistic hybridity in South Africa. The paper reports the results relating to two of the research questions informing the study:Does the use of foreignised elements in translated children’s picturebooks have any significant effect on the cognitive effort involved in reading for child and adult readers?Is the comprehension of child and adult readers affected by the use of for eignised elements in translated children’s picturebooks?A reading study utilising eye-tracking was conducted, involving both child and adult participants reading manipulated domesticated and foreignised versions of pages from two picturebooks translated from English to Afrikaans. To answer research question (1), data obtained by means of eye-tracking were analysed for dwell time, fixation count, first fixation duration and glances count for areas of interest (AOIs) reflecting domesticating or foreignising translation strategies. In order to answer question (2), short structured questionnaires or interviews with participants were used, focusing on the degree of comprehension of the twotexts. Overall, the findings of the experiment demonstrate that while there are perceptible effects on processing and comprehension associated with the use of foreignising strategies, these effects are not straightforward or uniform, with notable differences not only for different AOIs, but also for child and adult readers.
Dirichlet and Neumann problems for planar domains with parameter
Authors: Bertrand Florian , Gong Xianghong 
Published: May 2013

Let

Γ
(
⋅
,
λ
)

\Gamma (\cdot ,\lambda )

be smooth, i.e.

C

∞

\mathcal C^\infty

, embeddings from

Ω
¯

\overline {\Omega }

onto

Ω

λ

¯

\overline {\Omega ^{\lambda }}

, where

Ω
\Omega

and

Ω
λ

\Omega ^\lambda

are bounded domains with smooth boundary in the complex plane and

λ
\lambda

varies in

I
=
[
0
,
1
]

I=[0,1]

. Suppose that

Γ
\Gamma

is smooth on

Ω
¯

×
I

\overline \Omega \times I

and

f
f

is a smooth function on

∂
Ω
×
I

\partial \Omega \times I

. Let

u
(
⋅
,
λ
)

u(\cdot ,\lambda )

be the harmonic functions on

Ω
λ

\Omega ^\lambda

with boundary values

f
(
⋅
,
λ
)

f(\cdot ,\lambda )

. We show that

u
(
Γ
(
z
,
λ
)
,
λ
)

u(\Gamma (z,\lambda ),\lambda )

is smooth on

Ω
¯

×
I

\overline \Omega \times I

. Our main result is proved for suitable Hölder spaces for the Dirichlet and Neumann problems with parameter. By observing that the regularity of solutions of the two problems with parameter is not local, we show the existence of smooth embeddings

Γ
(
⋅
,
λ
)

\Gamma (\cdot ,\lambda )

from

D

¯

\overline {\mathbb D}

, the closure of the unit disc, onto

Ω
λ

¯

\overline {\Omega ^\lambda }

such that

Γ
\Gamma

is smooth on

D

¯

×
I

\overline {\mathbb D}\times I

and real analytic at

(

−
1

,
0
)
∈

D

¯

×
I

(\sqrt {-1},0)\in \overline {\mathbb D}\times I

, but for every family of Riemann mappings

R
(
⋅
,
λ
)

R(\cdot ,\lambda )

from

Ω
λ

¯

\overline {\Omega ^\lambda }

onto

D

¯

\overline {\mathbb D}

, the function

R
(
Γ
(
z
,
λ
)
,
λ
)

R(\Gamma (z,\lambda ),\lambda )

is not real analytic at

(

−
1

,
0
)
∈

D

¯

×
I

(\sqrt {-1},0)\in \overline {\mathbb D}\times I

.
Modelling towing and haul-back escape patterns during the fishing process: a case study for cod, plaice, and flounder in the demersal Baltic Sea cod fishery
Authors: Herrmann Bent , Mieske Bernd , Stepputtis Daniel , Krag Ludvig Ahm , Madsen Niels , Noack Thomas 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Herrmann, B., Mieske, B., Stepputtis, D., Krag, L. A., Madsen, N., and Noack, T. 2013. Modelling towing and haul-back escape patterns during the fishing process: a case study for cod, plaice, and flounder in the demersal Baltic Sea cod fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 850–863. The survival likelihood of fish escaping through trawl codends may depend on when they escape. It is therefore relevant to investigate when during the fishing process fish actually attempt to escape and do escape from trawl codends. This subject is addressed by modelling data collected during a specially designed experiment. Results demonstrate that the escape process during towing cannot be described sufficiently by a traditional logistic model or something similar. Instead, a model is required that explicitly considers that not all fish necessarily contact the codend netting to attempt escape during the towing phase. A model that accounts for such behaviour is applied and it is demonstrated that this model can adequately describe the size selection process during towing. The overall escape process, which consists of the attempt probability, partial escape during towing, and partial escape during the haul-back phase, is also modelled. This proposed model sufficiently described the observed escape pattern for cod (Gadus morhua), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and flounder (Platichtys flesus). For all three species, a significant percentage of the individuals entering the codends during fishing first attempt to escape during the haul-back operation.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test for Clostridium difficile Toxin B Gene Reveals Similar Prevalence Rates in Children With and Without Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Lamousé‐Smith Esi S.N. , Weber Sarah , Rossi Richard F. , Neinstedt Liliane J. , Mosammaparast Nima , Sandora Thomas J. , McAdam Alexander J. , Bousvaros Athos 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:Clinicians often evaluate for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presenting with exacerbations. A highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the toxin B gene of C difficile is increasingly used to diagnose CDI. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of positive C difficile PCR results in children and young adults with and without active IBD compared with patients with non‐IBD gastrointestinal disease.Methods:Fecal samples were obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC, n = 76) or Crohn disease (CD, n = 69) and 51 controls followed in our gastroenterology program. Samples were analyzed for C difficile using a PCR test for the C difficile toxin B gene (BD GeneOhm Cdiff assay). Proportions of positive tests in each group were compared using the Pearson χ2 test.Results:The prevalence of positive PCR results was 11.6% in patients with CD, 18.4% in patients with UC, and 11.8% in controls (P = 0.25). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of positive C difficile results among patients with IBD with and without active disease or among patients with and without diarrhea.Conclusions:Positive C difficile PCR results occur with similar frequency in patients with IBD with and without active disease and in patients with other gastrointestinal diseases. A positive result in a highly sensitive PCR assay that detects low copy numbers of a toxin gene in C difficile may reflect colonization in a subset of patients with IBD, confounding clinical decision making in managing disease exacerbations.
Diet and Functional Abdominal Pain in Children and Adolescents
Authors: van Tilburg Miranda A.L. , Felix Christopher T. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTFunctional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common complaint among children and adolescents. For many patients, symptoms exacerbate with eating. This review discusses findings concerning the role of diet in FAP. The foods that are discussed are divided into 2 major groups: food allergies or intolerances, which focus on milk, gluten, and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols; and functional foods, which hone in on foods that reduce abdominal pain in adolescents such as fiber, peppermint oil, and probiotics. Lastly, we discuss the role of eating habits in FAP and how the physiology of eating may be the real culprit of symptoms associated with eating.
Vitamin D Deficiency and Low Bone Mineral Density in Pediatric and Young Adult Intestinal Failure
Authors: Ubesie Agozie C. , Heubi James E. , Kocoshis Samuel A. , Henderson Carol J. , Mezoff Adam G. , Rao Marepalli B. , Cole Conrad R. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and predisposing factors for vitamin D deficiency and low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with intestinal failure (IF).Methods:A retrospective review of patients with IF managed at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center. IF was defined as history of parenteral nutrition (PN) >30 days. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D) <20 ng/dL. Reduced BMD was defined using dual x‐ray absorptiometry z score ≤–2. A binary logistic regression model was used to test for association of significant risk factors and the outcome variables after univariate analyses.Results:One hundred and twenty‐three patients with median age of 4 years (range 3–22 years) were evaluated. Forty‐nine (39.8%) patients had at least a documented serum 25 (OH) D deficiency during the study interval, whereas 10 of 80 patients (12.5%) with dual x‐ray absorptiometry scans completed had a low BMD z score. Age at study entry was associated with both 25 (OH) D deficiency (P = 0.01) and low BMD z score (P = 0.03). Exclusive PN at study entry was associated with reduced bone mass (P = 0.03). There was no significant association between vitamin D deficiency and low BMD z score (P = 0.31).Conclusions:The risk of 25 (OH) D deficiency and low BMD z score increases with age among patients with IF. Strategies for monitoring and preventing abnormal bone health in older children receiving exclusive PN need to be developed and evaluated.
The Uppsala model on evolution of the multinational business enterprise – from internalization to coordination of networks
Authors: Vahlne Jan-Erik , Johanson Jan 
Published: May 2013

Purpose– This paper seeks to offer a model on the evolution of the multinational business enterprise (MBE). It is meant to be an alternative to the eclectic paradigm, the preeminent theoretical tool applied in studies of the multinational enterprise (MNE) and foreign direct investment. The label MBE aims at moving focus from structure of production to change processes in business relations and entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach– While the eclectic paradigm is grounded in neo-classical economics meant primarily to be applied in studies of macroeconomic interest and is based on assumptions not applicable in studies of individual firms, the model of the MBE is meant to be used in studies at the micro-level. It is rooted in assumptions consistent with behavioural theory consequently being more realistic. The model is based on the Uppsala model with input from studies on dynamic capabilities, entrepreneurship research and research on management under uncertainty.Findings– The realistic assumptions of the model imply that it is relevant for understanding the dynamics of strategy and management of the MBE.Research limitations/implications– As the model aims at enriching our understanding of the dynamics of the MBE the paper recommends empirical longitudinal studies of firms.Originality/value– Realistic and relevant assumptions imply that the model differs in critical respects from received theory in international business.
Extreme loss risk in financial turbulence – evidence from the global financial crisis
Authors: Uppal Jamshed Y. , Ullah Mangla Inayat 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis study aims to examine the stock returns distributions in ten countries in the periods before and after the global financial crisis (GFC) to evaluate how well the empirical distributions conformed to the extreme value theory (EVT) which underlies a family of risk management models.Design/methodology/approachThe authors’ sample consists of the G5 countries and the five leading emerging economies. Parameters of the General Pareto Distribution (GPD) for each country are estimated for the pre‐ and the crisis period. The authors follow a two‐step procedure: a GARCH(1,1) model is fitted to the historical return data by pseudo maximum likelihood method; Hill's GPD tail estimation procedure is employed on the residuals from the first step. Goodness‐of‐fit is evaluated for the empirical distributions.FindingsThe authors find that the EVT explains the observed distributions well in both the pre‐GFC and the GFC periods, with the important exceptions of the US and the UK markets in the crisis period. Moreover, the estimated distribution parameters are quite different for the two periods. The results underscore the inadequacy of the quantitative risk models in times of financial turbulence, and the need for prudential exercise of judgment in risk management.Originality/valueThe global financial crisis (GFC) provides a unique and historical experiment to evaluate the models of tail distributions. Although the EVT provides a sound basis for modeling extreme risks, the study highlights the fundamental problem of dealing with uncertainty.
Investigating the possibility of constructing different seam types for clothing using ultrasonic
Authors: Seram Niromi , Cabon Darron 
Published: May 2013

PurposeUltrasonic seaming: the pertained technology for this research is identified as one of the alternatives which offers many advantages over traditional sewing. Ultrasonic technology was initially used for plastic welding. It has been utilized in automotive, electronics and electrical appliances, filtration, packaging, aerospace and apparel industries. However, the use of sewing machine, needle and threads still remains as the most popular method of joining fabrics together. The aim of this research is to investigate the possibility of constructing different types of seams for clothing using ultrasonic technology which is an existing technology that is not fully utilized and not fully realized the advantages associated with it in the apparel industry.Design/methodology/approachExperimental reflective practice' was used as the main method for practical investigation. The basis for analysis was formed by reflections made during and after the experimentations.FindingsThough the construction of the seams are possible, due to thickness of the layers, LSc and LSe seam types were not successful in terms of quality. The bound seam type and the flat seams are possible using ultrasonic technology without the blade, the quality is not satisfactory when comparing to the conventional sewing technique. However, ornamental stitching (OS) and edge finishing (EF) with ultrasonic are possible and successful.Originality/valueThe results of this study will shed more light on ways of using ultrasonic technology in the apparel industry.
Application of fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to criteria weights for fashion design scheme evaluation
Authors: Lin Chiahsu 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to determinate the criteria weight in a fashion design scheme evaluation system.Design/methodology/approachThe first stage is to use the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) by fashion design experts of academia and industries for fashion design evaluation criteria. The second stage is based on the use of a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to find the criteria weight. Finally, an empirical example is used to illustrate the procedure of obtaining the criteria weights for the evaluation of a fashion design scheme.FindingsThe result shows that there are eight evaluation criteria to be obtained for fashion design scheme selection. The evaluation characteristic weights of theme and innovation score almost 90 percent (88.93 percent), the criteria weights of the first five, fashion forecast theme story, best‐seller modification, new idea and product position, score almost 80 percent (79.96 percent) and the criteria weights of the first two, fashion forecast and theme story, score almost 40 percent (39.93 percent) when selecting a design scheme in the fashion design process.Originality/valueThis paper proposes the vital characteristic and criteria for the selection of the fashion design scheme. In selecting fashion design scheme, this study uncovers that the marketing is less important than theme and innovation characteristics. Additionally, the results of this study, indicate the important five criteria, offered designer a set of useful indicators in preparing fashion design scheme and improving the quality of fashion design decision.