bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical property analysis and preserved relative amplitude processed seismic imaging of volcanogenic massive sulfides—a case study from Neves–Corvo, Portugal
Authors: Yavuz Sinem , Kinkela Jai , Dzunic Aleksandar , Penney Matthew , Neto Rodrigo , Araújo Vitor , Ziramov Sasha , Pevzner Roman , Urosevic Milovan 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTNeves–Corvo is one of the biggest mining districts on the Portuguese side of the Iberian Pyrite Belt hosting six different lower Carboniferous copper, zinc, lead and tin orebodies including Lombador, Neves, Graça, Corvo, Zambujal, and Semblana. During the past 50 years, geological, geochemical, and geophysical methods were utilized in the exploration of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits at Neves–Corvo. Electromagnetic, earth resistivity, and principally gravimetry methods played major roles in the geophysical exploration of the area. However, in 2011, as the exploration depth for volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization became ever deeper, the surface reflection seismic technique was trialled.Initially, elastic property measurements were employed on numerous core samples to determine the seismic properties of the major formations of Neves–Corvo. The contrast in acoustic impedance values derived from these measurements showed that there should be a significant difference in the seismic response of mineralization relative to the surrounding host rocks. Based on this, a high‐resolution 3D seismic survey was acquired over the Neves–Corvo mine and its southeastern extension in order to image known deep volcanogenic massive sulfide mineralization to validate the seismic reflection technique and to potentially identify new mineralization targets. As a result, the Semblana and Lombador deposits were successfully imaged, along with key lithological contacts and geologic structures. Additionally, copper sulfide extensions south of Semblana were discovered. Unfortunately, all of the high‐priority targets that were identified from the seismic data were subsequently drilled and many of them found to be non‐economic.In order to overcome the non‐uniqueness of the original seismic data, full‐waveform sonic and pseudo‐logs were used to model different interfaces and calibrate the seismic data. These results indicated that preserved relative amplitude processing might be of importance to help reduce the ambiguity in direct detection of volcanogenic massive sulfide based on seismic amplitude anomalies. The customized relative amplitude processing of a sub‐dataset over the Semblana deposit was then performed. The newly obtained seismic cube was calibrated with existing drillholes, and a volumetric interpretation was performed by utilizing amplitude‐based geobodies. Eventually, superior target zonation and precision for the subsequent deep drilling campaign was achieved with the revised interpretation, clearly showing that the high priority targets originally identified from the legacy data would not have passed the targeting criteria in the reprocessed data due to their relatively weak amplitude response. The results obtained from this study inspired the subsequent reprocessing of the full seismic dataset.
Who escapes detection? Quantifying the causes and consequences of sampling biases in a long‐term field study
Authors: Kidd Lindall R. , Sheldon Ben C. , Simmonds Emily G. , Cole Ella F. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryInferences drawn from long‐term field studies are vulnerable to biases in observability of different classes of individuals, which may lead to biases in the estimates of selection, or fitness.Population surveys that monitor breeding individuals can introduce such biases by not identifying individuals that fail early in their reproductive attempts.Here, we quantify how the standard protocol for detecting breeding females introduces bias in a long‐term population study of the great tit,Parus major. We do so by identifying females whose breeding attempts fail before they would normally be censused and explore whether this early failure can be predicted by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. We investigate the effect of these biases on estimates of reproductive performance and selection.We show that females that go undetected by standard censusing because they fail early in their breeding attempt were less likely to have been previously trapped within our study site and were more likely to breed in poor‐quality habitats. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this bias sampling had lead previous studies on this population to overestimate the reproductive performance of unringed females, which are likely to be immigrants to the population. Finally, we show that these biases in detectability influence estimates of selection on a key life‐history trait.While these conclusions are specific to this study, we suggest that such effects are likely to be widespread and that more attention should be given to whether or not methods for surveying natural populations introduce systematic bias that will influence conclusions about ecological and evolutionary processes.
Beyond the Mirrored Horizon: Modern Ontology and Amodern Possibilities in the Anthropocene
Authors: DAVISON AIDAN 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEarly talk of the Anthropocene has been prompted by material evidence of the incoherence of ontological divisions between humanity and the rest of Earth. Yet, ironically, it has also been dominated by modern narratives about human distinction, autonomy, and dominion. Along with recrimination about the death of nature, the modern Anthropocene carries hope of human redemption through natural evolution or technological progress. The resulting narratives of enlightened planetary stewardship reduce earthly multitudes to a common denominator, shoring up the mirrored horizons within which modern humans encounter only themselves. In response,Iexplore amodern possibilities for action in an Anthropocene beyond modern referents of nature and culture. These possibilities open up choices within planetary dynamics that are inherently human but not reducible to human agency. This is a politics of sustenance attuned to difference and relation and directed to the multitude of human‐other‐than‐human collectives, to the specific shared projects of existence, in which human interests are composed.
Geographers and the Discourse of an Earth Transformed: Influencing the Intellectual Weather or Changing the Intellectual Climate?
Authors: CASTREE NOEL 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis article considers how geographers might choose to respond to many geoscientists' claims that we are entering ‘the age of humans’. These claims, expressed in the concepts of the Anthropocene, planetary boundaries and global tipping points, make epochal claims about Earth surface change that are also far‐reaching claims upon Earth's current inhabitants. The scale and scope of their normative implications are extraordinarily grand. After describing the content and wider context for these claims, the history of some geographers' engagement with global change research is sketched and their current contributions described. Wider alterations in the modus operandi of global change scientists seem to offer a perfect opportunity for geographers to demonstrate the intellectual and societal value of their discipline's ‘integrative’ aspirations. However, the article suggests that this opportunity is likely to be used in a rather conservative way that downplays the sort of wide, deep and plural forms of integrative analysis that a post‐Holocene world surely calls for. Such forms exist in geography but are currently not, by and large, feeding into wider debates in global change research about how to understand and influence the future of Earth and humanity. The question is: how might they serve to alter the intellectual climate prevailing in global change research as Future Earth becomes the new umbrella for its next phase of development?
Phosphite utilization by the globally important marine diazotroph Trichodesmium
Authors: Polyviou Despo , Hitchcock Andrew , Baylay Alison J. , Moore C. Mark , Bibby Thomas S. 
Published: June 2015

SummarySpecies belonging to the filamentous cyanobacterial genus Trichodesmium are responsible for a significant fraction of oceanic nitrogen fixation. The availability of phosphorus (P) likely constrains the growth of Trichodesmium in certain regions of the ocean. Moreover, Trichodesmium species have recently been shown to play a role in an emerging oceanic phosphorus redox cycle, further highlighting the key role these microbes play in many biogeochemical processes in the contemporary ocean. Here, we show that Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101 can grow on the reduced inorganic compound phosphite as its sole source of P. The components responsible for phosphite utilization are identified through heterologous expression of the T. erythraeum IMS101 Tery_0365–0368 genes, encoding a putative adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette transporter and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent dehydrogenase, in the model cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. We demonstrate that only combined expression of both the transporter and the dehydrogenase enables Synechocystis to utilize phosphite, confirming the function of Tery_0365‐0367 as a phosphite uptake system (PtxABC) and Tery_0368 as a phosphite dehydrogenase (PtxD). Our findings suggest that reported uptake of phosphite by Trichodesmium consortia in the field likely reflects an active biological process by Trichodesmium. These results highlight the diversity of phosphorus sources available to Trichodesmium in a resource‐limited ocean.
Interplay between the genetic clades of Micromonas and their viruses in the Western English Channel
Authors: Baudoux A.‐C. , Lebredonchel H. , Dehmer H. , Latimier M. , Edern R. , Rigaut‐Jalabert F. , Ge P. , Guillou L. , Foulon E. , Bozec Y. , Cariou T. , Desdevises Y. , Derelle E. , Grimsley N. , Moreau H. , Simon N. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe genus Micromonas comprises distinct genetic clades that commonly dominate eukaryotic phytoplankton community from polar to tropical waters. This phytoplankter is also recurrently infected by abundant and genetically diverse prasinoviruses. Here we report on the interplay between prasinoviruses and Micromonas with regard to the genetic diversity of this host. For 1 year, we monitored the abundance of three clades of Micromonas and their viruses in the Western English Channel, both in the environment using clade‐specific probes and flow cytometry, and in the laboratory using clonal strains of Micromonas clades to assay for their viruses by plaque‐forming units. We showed that the seasonal fluctuations of Micromonas clades were closely mirrored by the abundance of their corresponding viruses, indicating that the members of Micromonas genus are susceptible to viral infection, regardless of their genetic affiliation. The characterization of 45 viral isolates revealed that Micromonas clades are attacked by specific virus populations, which exhibit distinctive clade specificity, life strategies and genetic diversity. However, some viruses can also cross‐infect different host clades, suggesting a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer within the Micromonas genus. This study provides novel insights into the impact of viral infection for the ecology and evolution of the prominent phytoplankter Micromonas.
Allergic sensitization is associated with inadequate antioxidant responses in mice and men
Authors: Utsch L. , Folisi C. , Akkerdaas J. H. , Logiantara A. , van de Pol M. A. , van der Zee J. S. , Krop E. J. M. , Lutter R. , van Ree R. , van Rijt L. S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundAllergies arise from aberrant Th2 responses to allergens. The processes involved in the genesis of allergic sensitization remain elusive. Some allergens such as derived from house dust mites have proteolytic activity which can induce oxidative stress in vivo. A reduced capacity of the host to control oxidative stress might prime for allergic sensitization.MethodsTwo different strains of mice were compared for their antioxidant and immune response to HDM. Protease activity of the HDM extract was reduced to investigate its role in oxidative stress induction in the airways and whether this induction could determine allergic sensitization and inflammation. The role of oxidative stress in allergic sensitization was also investigated in humans. An occupational cohort of animal workers was followed for the development of sensitization to rodent urinary proteins. Levels of oxidative stress in serum and antioxidant responses by PBMCs were determined.ResultsSusceptibility to allergic sensitization to mite allergens in mice was highly dependent on host genetic background and was associated with oxidative stress in the lungs before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant response after allergen exposure. Reduction in mite protease activity limited its capacity to induce oxidative stress and allergic inflammation in mice. We showed that also in human subjects, oxidative stress before allergen exposure and poor antioxidant responses were associated with predisposition to occupational allergy.ConclusionOur study indicates that oxidative stress condition before allergen exposure due to an inadequate antioxidant response may prime for allergic Th2 responses.
Carbon and Cash in Climate Assemblages: The Making of a New Global Citizenship
Authors: Arora‐Jonsson Seema , Westholm Lisa , Temu Beatus John , Petitt Andrea 
Published: June 2015

AbstractClimate instruments such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions by Deforestation and Degradation) promise a win–win proposition as villagers in Africa are paid for their efforts to conserve forests and sequester carbon. REDD+ assembles divergent interests at different scales—from bureaucrats to individual villagers. We argue that climate assemblages are shifting the space of the political by regulating practices that previously had local and national provenance. They are producing “state‐like” effects that touch deeply on citizenship. Villagers are drawn into a shifting REDD+ assemblage and subject to new identifications as entrepreneurs and responsible environmental citizens, meant to look after a new global commons. We shift the discussion to deal seriously with questions of a “global” citizenship, not in its utopian sense, but by bringing into light the dark side of global citizenship already in practice in environmental governance. Forests and peoples are in practice made global—we must conceptualize the rights of this “global” citizenship
Very preterm infants can detect small variations in light levels in incubators
Authors: Zores Claire , Dufour André , Pebayle Thierry , Langlet Claire , Astruc Dominique , Kuhn Pierre 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis prospective observational study was designed to improve our understanding of the responses of very preterm infants to light level variations in incubators and to evaluate what determined those reactions.MethodsThe physiological responses of 27 very preterm infants were analysed following variations in the light level environments of their incubators over 10 hours. Heart and respiratory rates, systemic oxygen saturation and regional cerebral oxygen saturations were recorded using near‐infrared spectroscopy, and the variation of each parameter was analysed.ResultsWe analysed 332 light level changes. Heart rate increased by 3.8 beats per minute (range −2.6 to 12.6), respiratory rate by six cycles per minute (−1.5 to 26) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation by 1.1% (−0.5% to 3.9%) (p < 0.05 each) when delta lux was over 50. Only respiratory rate decreased significantly, by −8.4 cycles per minute (−28 to −0.4), when delta lux was 50 or lower (p < 0.05). The initial level of illumination altered the very preterm infants’ responses, with higher reactivity for higher ambient light levels.ConclusionVery preterm infants reacted to moderate variations in illumination in their incubator, within recommended ranges of light levels, suggesting that they may detect even small light level variations.
Parents tend to underestimate cognitive deficits in 10‐ to 13‐year‐olds born with an extremely low birth weight
Authors: Koivisto Annika , Klenberg Liisa , Tommiska Viena , Lano Aulikki , Laine Matti , Fellman Vineta , Haavisto Anu ,   the Finnish ELBW Cohort Study Group (FinELBW)
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimThis study determined the cognitive outcomes of Finnish children born with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and assessed the agreement between their neuropsychological assessment and how their parents evaluated their cognitive difficulties.MethodsThe study focused on 121 children from anELBWcohort with a mean age of 11.6 years (range 10.3–13.8) and assessed them using a standardised test of intelligence, a neuropsychological test battery and a parental developmental questionnaire. The results were compared with the test norms.ResultsELBWchildren exhibited global cognitive impairment compared to the test norms, with no differences between children who were small or appropriate for gestational age. Children with average intelligence displayed specific impairment in executive, sensorimotor and visuospatial functions. Corresponding functions in the parental evaluation and neuropsychological assessment were associated, but 16–26% of children scoring under the clinical cut‐off value in the neuropsychological test domains were not detected by the parental evaluations.ConclusionChildren born with anELBWfaced a high risk of global cognitive impairment at a mean age of 11.6 years, and those with average intelligence were at risk of specific cognitive sequelae. Compared to the neuropsychological tests, up to one‐fourth of the parents underestimated their child's cognitive problems.
Actigraphy is not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in neonates
Authors: Rioualen Stéphane , Roué Jean‐Michel , Lefranc Jérémie , Gouillou Maëlenn , Nowak Emmanuel , Alavi Zarrin , Dubourg Morgane , Sizun Jacques 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimPolysomnography is the gold standard for studying sleep, but it is complex to use, and this can be problematic in clinically unstable preterm infants. We evaluated the reliability of actigraphy and polysomnography in detecting sleep–wake patterns in newborn infants.MethodsA prospective, monocentric study was conducted that measured the sleep patterns of 48 infants: 24 late preterm neonates born at 34–36 weeks of gestational age and 24 term neonates. We used both polysomnography and the Actiwatch Mini during a three‐hour period and then compared the results from the two methods.ResultsThe baseline measurements for the preterm and terms groups were as follows: gestational age (34.5 weeks and 39.2 weeks), birthweight (2368 g and 3393 g) and age (6.4 days and 0.72 days). With the Actiwatch Mini, sensitivity for the late preterm and full‐term infants was 78% and 87% for the leg actigraph and 78% and 93% for the arm actigraph. For specificity, the respective figures were 42% and 31% for the leg and 34% and 20% for the arm.ConclusionActigraphy using the Actiwatch Mini was not a reliable method for measuring sleep patterns in healthy late preterm and term neonates a few days after birth.
Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute myeloid leukaemia in pregnancy
Authors: Ali Sahra , Jones Gail L. , Culligan Dominic J. , Marsden Philippa J. , Russell Nigel , Embleton Nicholas D. , Craddock Charles ,   the British Committee for Standards in Haematology
Published: June 2015

Summary of recommendations

Pregnant women should be managed by a multidisciplinary team that includes haematologists, obstetricians, neonatologists and anaesthetists (Grade 1C)

As for non‐pregnant patients, acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) should be diagnosed using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (Grade 1A)

Women diagnosed with AML in pregnancy should be treated without delay (Grade 1B)

When the diagnosis of AML is made in the first trimester, a successful pregnancy outcome is unlikely and spontaneous pregnancy loss in this situation carries considerable risks for the mother. The reasons for and against elective termination should be discussed with the patient (Grade 2C)

In the case of presentation beyond 32 weeks gestation, it may be reasonable to deliver the foetus prior to commencement of chemotherapy (Grade 2C)

Between 24 and 32 weeks, risks of foetal chemotherapy exposure must be balanced against risks of prematurity following elective delivery at that stage of gestation (Grade 1C)

The risk‐benefit ratio must be carefully considered before using any drugs in pregnancy (Grade 1C)

Where AML induction chemotherapy is delivered, a standard daunorubicin, cytarabine 3 + 10 schedule should be used (Grade 1B)

Chemotherapy should be dosed according to actual body weight and adjustments made for weight changes during treatment (Grade 1C)

Quinolones, tetracyclines and sulphonamide use should be avoided in pregnancy (Grade 1B)

Amphotericin B or lipid derivatives are the antifungal of choice in pregnancy (Grade 2C)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐negative blood products should be administered during pregnancy regardless of CMV serostatus (Grade 1B)

A course of corticosteroids should be considered if delivery is anticipated between 24 and 35 weeks gestation, given over a 48‐h period during the week prior to delivery (Grade 1A)

Use of magnesium sulphate should be considered in the 24 h prior to delivery if this is before 30 weeks gestation (Grade 1A)

Where possible, delivery should be planned for a time when the woman is at least 3 weeks post‐chemotherapy to minimize risk of neonatal myelosuppression (Grade 1C)

Planned delivery is easier to manage than spontaneous labour; induction of labour is usually advised (Grade 2C)

Epidural analgesia should be avoided in a woman who is significantly thrombocytopenic (platelet count <80 × 109/l) and/or neutropenic (white blood cell count <1 × 109/l): (Grade 1C)

Elective caesarean section should only be recommended for obstetric indications (Grade 2C)

Antibiotics should be administered during and after premature rupture of membranes and delivery (Grade 1C)
Expression of MAS1 in breast cancer
Authors: Luo Yi , Tanabe Eriko , Kitayoshi Misaho , Nishiguchi Yukiko , Fujiwara Rina , Matsushima Sayako , Sasaki Takamitsu , Sasahira Tomonori , Chihara Yoshitomo , Nakae Dai , Fujii Kiyomu , Ohmori Hitoshi , Kuniyasu Hiroki 
Published: June 2015

MAS1 is a receptor for angiotensin 1‐7 (A1‐7), which is derived from angiotensin II (A‐II) by the action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2. MAS1 induces anti‐A‐II phenotypes, such as vessel dilation and depression of blood pressure. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the role of MAS1 in 132 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. While benign mammary tissues expressed MAS1 at high levels, MAS1 expression was attenuated in all IDC, especially in scirrhous IDC. The decrease in MAS1 expression was associated with tumor growth, lymph node metastasis, and grade. MAS1 expression was inversely associated with the proliferation index and epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 expression. Of the 132 cases, 12 (9.1%) were triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) cases. All TNBC cases (the 12 cases and the additional 36 cases using a tissue array) expressed MAS1. Using the TNBC cell lines 4T1 and MDA‐MB‐468, which expresses MAS1, we found that cell growth, anti‐apoptotic survival and invasion were suppressed by MAS1 activation with A1‐7 treatment and enhanced by MAS1 knockdown. In contrast, synergic effect was found between tamoxifen and A1‐7 in a luminal A breast cancer cell line, MCF‐7. Combination treatment with cisplatin, an ACE2 activator, and an A‐II type 1 receptor blocker showed synergic effects on tumor growth inhibition of 4T1 tumors in a syngeneic mouse model. These findings suggest that MAS1 might act as an inhibitory regulator of breast cancer and may be a possible molecular target for this malignancy.