bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing criteria for RST-based discourse segmentation and annotation for texts in Basque
Authors: Iruskieta Mikel , Diaz de Ilarraza Arantza , Lersundi Mikel 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents a discourse annotation methodology based on Rhetorical Structure Theory and an empirical study of annotating a corpus of specialized medical texts in Basque. The annotation process includes two phases: segmentation and annotation of rhetorical relations. Phase one entails an initial study which leads to establishing linguistic criteria for sentence-based segmentation; a second phase focuses on annotation of rhetorical relations. After establishing discourse segments and rhetorical relations, the annotation process is analyzed and evaluated by means of the method commonly used in RST (Marcu 2000). Inconsistencies detected in the evaluation method lead the authors to redefine some criteria of the evaluation method. As a result of this work, a small annotated Basque-language corpus is provided to scientific community.
Branched Willmore spheres
Authors: Lamm Tobias , Nguyen Huy The 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

In this paper we classify branched Willmore spheres with at most three branch points (including multiplicity), showing that they may be obtained from complete minimal surfaces in ℝ3 with ends of multiplicity at most three. This extends the classification result of Bryant. We then show that this may be applied to the analysis of singularities of the Willmore flow of non-Willmore spheres with Willmore energy

𝒲
(
f
)
≤
16
π

$ \mathcal {W} (f) \le 16\pi $

.
Crystal structures of thymidylate synthase from nematodes, Trichinella spiralis and Caenorhabditis elegans, as a potential template for species-specific drug design
Authors: Dowierciał Anna , Wilk Piotr , Rypniewski Wojciech , Frączyk Tomasz , Jarmuła Adam , Banaszak Katarzyna , Dąbrowska Magdalena , Cieśla Joanna , Rode Wojciech 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Crystal structures were solved of the binary complexes Trichinella spiralis and Caenorhabditis elegans thymidylate synthases with deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), with crystals obtained by the vapor diffusion method in hanging drops. For the T. spiralis thymidylate synthase-dUMP complex, the diffraction data were collected at the BESSY Synchrotron to 1.9 Å resolution. The crystal belongs to the space group P1 with two dimers in the asymmetric unit (ASU). For the C. elegans TS-dUMP complex crystal, the diffraction data were collected at the BESSY Synchrotron to 2.48 Å resolution, and the crystal belongs to the space group P 32 2 1, with two monomers (one dimer) in the ASU. Structural comparisons were made of both structures and each of them with the corresponding mouse thymidylate synthase complex.
Pacifier Cleaning Practices and Risk of Allergy Development
Authors: Hesselmar Bill , Sjöberg Fei , Saalman Robert , Åberg Nils , Adlerberth Ingegerd , Wold Agnes E. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Immune stimulation through exposure to commensal microbes may protect against allergy development. Oral microbes may be transferred from parents to infants via pacifiers. We investigated whether pacifier cleaning practices affected the risk of allergy development.

METHODS:
A birth-cohort of 184 infants was examined for clinical allergy and sensitization to airborne and food allergens at 18 and 36 months of age and, in addition, promptly on occurrence of symptoms. Pacifier use and pacifier cleaning practices were recorded during interviews with the parents when the children were 6 months old. The oral microbiota of the infants was characterized by analysis of saliva samples collected at 4 months of age.

RESULTS:
Children whose parents “cleaned” their pacifier by sucking it (n = 65) were less likely to have asthma (odds ratio [OR] 0.12; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01–0.99), eczema (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.15–0.91), and sensitization (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.10–1.27) at 18 months of age than children whose parents did not use this cleaning technique (n = 58). Protection against eczema remained at age 36 months (hazard ratio 0.51; P = .04). Vaginal delivery and parental pacifier sucking yielded independent and additive protective effects against eczema development. The salivary microbiota differed between children whose parents cleaned their pacifier by sucking it and children whose parents did not use this practice.

CONCLUSIONS:
Parental sucking of their infant’s pacifier may reduce the risk of allergy development, possibly via immune stimulation by microbes transferred to the infant via the parent’s saliva.
Disparities in Disability After Traumatic Brain Injury Among Hispanic Children and Adolescents
Authors: Jimenez Nathalia , Ebel Beth E. , Wang Jin , Koepsell Thomas D. , Jaffe Kenneth M. , Dorsch Andrea , Durbin Dennis , Vavilala Monica S. , Temkin Nancy , Rivara Frederick P. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:To compare the extent of disability in multiple areas of functioning after mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) between Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) children.METHODS:This was a prospective cohort study of children aged &lt;18 years treated for a TBI between March 1, 2007, and September 30, 2008. Hispanic (n = 74) and NHW (n = 457) children were included in the study. Outcome measures were disability in health-related quality of life, adaptive skills, and participation in activities 3, 12, 24, and 36 months after injury compared with preinjury functioning. We compared change in outcome scores between Hispanic and NHW children at each follow-up time. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, severity and intent of injury, insurance, family function at baseline, parental education, and income.RESULTS:The health-related quality of life for all children was lower at all follow-up times compared with baseline. Although NHW children showed some improvement during the first 3 years after injury, Hispanic children remained significantly impaired. Significant differences were also observed in the domains of communication and self-care abilities after TBI. Differences between groups in scores for participation in activities were also present but were only significant 3 months after injury.CONCLUSIONS:Hispanic children with TBI report larger and long-term reductions in their quality of life, participation in activities, communication, and self-care abilities compared with NHW children. The reasons for these differences need to be better understood and interventions implemented to improve the outcomes of these children.
Malpractice Risk Among US Pediatricians
Authors: Jena Anupam B. , Chandra Amitabh , Seabury Seth A. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize malpractice risk among US pediatricians.

METHODS:
We analyzed malpractice claims of all pediatricians and other physicians covered by a nationwide liability insurer from 1991 to 2005 (n = 1630 pediatricians; 40 916 total physicians). We characterized annual malpractice risk among pediatricians compared with other physicians. We characterized claims according to patient age, injury type, months required to resolve the claim, and whether an indemnity payment was made. We estimated how patient age and injury type were associated with whether a claim resulted in payment to a patient (and if so, payment size) and the time required to resolve the claim.

RESULTS:
The annual percentage of pediatricians facing a malpractice claim was 3.1% (7.4% among other physicians, P &lt; .001). Among 404 claims, 83 (20.5%) resulted in an indemnity payment and 15 (3.7%) resulted in a payment exceeding $1 million. Annual rates of indemnity were lower among pediatricians (0.5%) than other physicians (1.6%, P &lt; .001), whereas rates of payments exceeding $1 million were similar (0.13% among pediatricians and 0.11% among other physicians, P = .57). The mean indemnity payment was $562 180 (SD $667 962). Cases with permanent injury (n = 172) had larger mean payments ($703 373) compared with fatalities ($559 102; n = 131) or temporary or psychological injuries ($127 663; n = 101), P &lt; .05. The mean time to resolution was 23.4 months (SD 21.8 months).

CONCLUSIONS:
Indemnity payments among pediatricians are infrequent but large, particularly in cases with permanent patient injury rather than death or temporary injury. The time required to resolve claims may be considered to be long.
Oncology Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Multistakeholder Perspective on Principles for Conduct and Reporting
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Sullivan Sean D. , Reed Shelby D. , Tina Shih Ya-Chen , Schaecher Ken , Dhanda Rahul , Patt Debra , Pendergrass Kelly , Walker Mark , Malin Jennifer , Schwartzberg Lee , Neumann Kurt , Yu Elaine , Ravelo Arliene , Small Art 
Published: May 2013

Learning Objectives
Compare well-conducted CER and phase I-III clinical trials. Describe barriers to the acceptance of CER studies by the oncology community. Demonstrate the use of CER for decision-making in oncology.
Assessment of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase‐9 in the Periodontium of Rats Treated With Atorvastatin
Authors: Balli Umut , Keles Gonca Cayir , Cetinkaya Burcu Ozkan , Mercan Ugur , Ayas Bulent , Erdogan Deniz 
Published: May 2013

Background: The aim of this study is to examine, for the first time, the role of systemic and local atorvastatin application on periodontium using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analysis during and after experimental periodontitis induction with or without the presence of microbial dental biofilm.Methods: One hundred ten male Wistar rats were used. Silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars; rats in the healthy control group received no ligatures (n = 10). In experimental periodontitis groups (n = 90), systemic and local atorvastatin and saline were administered in three different periods; the control periodontitis group (n = 10) received no treatment. Histomorphometric analysis, which included alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment loss, and immunohistochemical analysis, which included immunoreactivity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9, were performed after the rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental procedure.Results: There was a greater increase in alveolar bone area and VEGF immunoreactivity, as well as a greater decrease in alveolar bone and attachment loss and MMP‐9 immunoreactivity, with systemic and local atorvastatin application during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Local atorvastatin application showed better results on periodontium with regard to alveolar bone findings.Conclusions: Systemic and local atorvastatin application showed beneficial effects on periodontium during and after induction of experimental periodontitis. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded that atorvastatin, which is used for hypercholesterolemia treatment, can also be used as a protective and therapeutic agent for periodontal disease.
Metastatic Tumors to the Gingiva and the Presence of Teeth as a Contributing Factor: A Literature Analysis
Authors: Allon Irit , Pessing Aya , Kaplan Ilana , Allon Dror M. , Hirshberg Abraham 
Published: May 2013

Background: Gingiva that is prone to inflammation may serve as a pre‐metastatic niche for the attraction of circulating malignant cells. The aim of this study is to analyze cases of metastatic lesions to the gingiva compared with cases metastasizing to other oral mucosal sites. The pathogenesis of gingival metastases is discussed, with emphasis on the role of inflammation.Methods: The English‐language literature between 1916 and 2011 was searched for cases of metastatic lesions to the oral mucosa; only cases metastasizing in the oral mucosa, gingiva, and periodontium were included.Results: Two hundred seven cases were included. The gingiva was the most common site (60.4%), followed by tongue and tonsil. The most common primary sites were lung (24.2%), kidney (13.5%), skin (10.6%), and breast (8.7%). In 27%, the oral lesion was the first sign of a malignant disease. In most cases, the lesion appeared as an exophytic mass (96%) diagnosed clinically as a reactive gingival lesion. The presence of teeth was significantly associated with the development of gingival metastases: in 108 of 125 gingival metastases, the lesion was found adjacent to teeth (P <0.001; odds ratio = 8.2). The average life expectancy after diagnosis of the metastasis was 3.7 months.Conclusions: The gingiva is the most common site for metastases to oral soft tissues, with strong association with the presence of teeth. This finding may be related to the role of inflammation in the attraction of metastatic cells to chronically inflamed gingiva.
A Novel Use of Structural Equation Models to Examine Factors Associated With Prediabetes Among Adults Aged 50 Years and Older
Authors: Bardenheier Barbara H. , Bullard Kai McKeever , Caspersen Carl J. , Cheng Yiling J. , Gregg Edward W. , Geiss Linda S. 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
To use structural modeling to test a hypothesized model of causal pathways related with prediabetes among older adults in the U.S.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Cross-sectional study of 2,230 older adults (≥50 years) without diabetes included in the morning fasting sample of the 2001–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Demographic data included age, income, marital status, race/ethnicity, and education. Behavioral data included physical activity (metabolic equivalent hours per week for vigorous or moderate muscle strengthening, walking/biking, and house/yard work), and poor diet (refined grains, red meat, added sugars, solid fats, and high-fat dairy). Structural-equation modeling was performed to examine the interrelationships among these variables with family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, BMI, large waist (waist circumference: women, ≥35 inches; men, ≥40 inches), triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL, and total and HDL (≥60 mg/dL) cholesterol.

RESULTS
After dropping BMI and total cholesterol, our best-fit model included three single factors: socioeconomic position (SEP), physical activity, and poor diet. Large waist had the strongest direct effect on prediabetes (0.279), followed by male sex (0.270), SEP (−0.157), high blood pressure (0.122), family history of diabetes (0.070), and age (0.033). Physical activity had direct effects on HDL (0.137), triglycerides (−0.136), high blood pressure (−0.132), and large waist (−0.067); poor diet had direct effects on large waist (0.146) and triglycerides (0.148).

CONCLUSIONS
Our results confirmed that, while including factors known to be associated with high risk of developing prediabetes, large waist circumference had the strongest direct effect. The direct effect of SEP on prediabetes suggests mediation by some unmeasured factor(s).
Some variants of the method of fundamental solutions: regularization using radial and nearly radial basis functions
Authors: Gáspár Csaba 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe method of fundamental solutions and some versions applied to mixed boundary value problems are considered. Several strategies are outlined to avoid the problems due to the singularity of the fundamental solutions: the use of higher order fundamental solutions, and the use of nearly fundamental solutions and special fundamental solutions concentrated on lines instead of points. The errors of the approximations as well as the problem of ill-conditioned matrices are illustrated via numerical examples.
Qui sème la quantification récolte l'intensification
Authors: Adler Silvia , Asnès Maria 
Published: May 2013

Notre étude enquête sur la relation entre quantification et intensification telle qu’elle apparaît dans le cas des prépositions fonctionnant comme modifieurs de quantifieurs ( au-delà de , jusqu’à , près de , etc.). Étant donné que l’intensification implique une relation entre deux degrés d’une propriété, où l’un est soit supérieur soit inférieur à l’autre, on s’attendrait à ce qu’en principe seuls les modifieurs de quantifieurs monotones, qui ordonnent les valeurs d’après une échelle croissante ou décroissante, participent à l’intensification, ce qui ne se vérifie pas. Paradoxalement, certains modifieurs de quantifieurs non-monotones peuvent aussi déclencher un effet d’intensification (cf. le cas de près de ). Qui plus est, le domaine quantificationnel nous offre d’autres énigmes liées à l’intensification, qui seront dénouées dans la présente étude : celle de la quantification bornée (cf. le cas de jusqu’à ) qui produit un effet d’amplification et celle de la quantification approximative implicite dont l’effet d’intensification amplifiante résulte de l’absence d’un modifieur de quantifieur.
Représentations et pratiques autour de la ressource en eau des producteurs maraîchers des Andes vénézuéliennes
Authors: Leroy David , Angéliaume-Descamps Alexandra , Antoine Jean Marc , Blot Frédérique , Maire Éric , Peltier Anne 
Published: May 2013

Cet article a pour but d’analyser les représentations sociales de l’eau des producteurs maraîchers des hautes vallées andines vénézuéliennes, et cela, dans un contexte où cette ressource constitue un outil essentiel de production agricole. Il s’agit plus particulièrement d’appréhender la manière dont les agriculteurs perçoivent et évaluent l’état actuel de la ressource, et ainsi cerner la justification de leurs comportements et de leurs pratiques agricoles. Dans les années 1960, l’introduction du maraîchage irrigué dans les Andes vénézuéliennes a profondément transformé les rapports à l’eau des sociétés rurales qui ont développé des systèmes d’appropriation et de distribution de la ressource particulièrement efficaces, tant techniquement que socialement. Mais aujourd’hui, les agriculteurs perçoivent des fluctuations de la ressource qu’ils peuvent interpréter comme une conséquence du changement climatique, et/ou comme conséquence de la dynamique agricole en cours. Face à ces phénomènes, de nouvelles pratiques agricoles telles que l’irrigation par micro-aspersion ou encore la préservation des sources d’eau en altitude commencent à émerger.
Effets de la marchandisation de l’arganier sur la vie socioéconomique des populations de l’arganeraie marocaine
Authors: Aziz Larbi , Mormont Marc , Allali Khallil 
Published: May 2013

Arbre permettant plusieurs usages aux populations locales, l’arganier assure aussi de multiples fonctions : économique, sociale et environnementale. Il était, et il est encore, un élément important du système agraire local et participe au maintien d’une biodiversité particulière. Comme il a toujours configuré et rythmé la vie des populations de l’arganeraie puisqu’il était (ou l’un de ses produits) toujours présent dans leurs activités culinaires, festives ou socioculturelles. Cependant, la flambée des prix de l’huile d’argan a engendré de multiples conséquences sur la vie socioéconomique et culturelle de ces populations. Pour comprendre et analyser ces évolutions et les nouvelles dynamiques locales qui y prennent place, nous avons réalisé une étude empirique dans la région d’Essaouira au niveau de deux communes rurales. Ce qui nous a permis, en plus de l’analyse historique, de comparer les dynamiques qui sont en cours au niveau de ces deux communes. Nos principaux résultats montrent que l’engouement pour les produits de l’arganier et la flambée de leurs prix (notamment l’huile) ont reconfiguré la vie socio-économique et culturelle locale : de nouveaux acteurs ont surgi, un marché insuffisamment structuré et pas assez profitable aux locaux s’est développé, le savoir-faire local s’érode, de nouveaux modes d’alimentation ont fait leur apparition, des coutumes et traditions sont en voie de disparition, etc.
Vendor neutral archive in PACS
Authors: Agarwal Tapesh Kumar ,   Sanjeev
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn archive is a location containing a collection of records, documents, or other materials of historical importance. An integral part of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is archiving. When a hospital needs to migrate a PACS vendor, the complete earlier data need to be migrated in the format of the newly procured PACS. It is both time and money consuming. To address this issue, the new concept of vendor neutral archive (VNA) has emerged. A VNA simply decouples the PACS and workstations at the archival layer. This is achieved by developing an application engine that receives, integrates, and transmits the data using the different syntax of a Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) format. Transferring the data belonging to the old PACS to a new one is performed by a process called migration of data. In VNA, a number of different data migration techniques are available to facilitate transfer from the old PACS to the new one, the choice depending on the speed of migration and the importance of data. The techniques include simple DICOM migration, prefetch-based DICOM migration, medium migration, and the expensive non-DICOM migration. "Vendor neutral" may not be a suitable term, and "architecture neutral," "PACS neutral," "content neutral," or "third-party neutral" are probably better and preferred terms. Notwithstanding this, the VNA acronym has come to stay in both the medical IT user terminology and in vendor nomenclature, and radiologists need to be aware of its impact in PACS across the globe.
A pictoral review on somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in neuroendocrine tumors: The role of multimodality imaging with SRS and GLUT receptor imaging with FDG PET-CT
Authors: Shah Sneha , Purandare Nilendu , Agrawal Archi , Rangarajan Venkatesh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSomatostatin receptor scintigraphy is considered as a comprehensive imaging modality for many neuroendocrine tumors. Multiple radiotracers using combinations of gamma or positron emitting radionuclides and tracers are now available. Newer radiopharmaceuticals using 99m Tc labeled with TOC, TATE, NOC are good alternatives to the 68 - Gallium radiotracers where the PET facility is not available. The pictoral depicts the role of SRS using 99mTC - HYNIC -TOC radiotracers in staging and treatment planning of NETs. Characterization of the tumor biology using combined SRS and FDG PET/CT is also demonstrated with a proposed categorization method. The emerging role of SRS in tailored targeted radionuclide therapy is outlined in brief.
Sonography of scrotal trauma
Authors: Rao Meka Srinivasa , Arjun Kalyanpur 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to depict the spectrum of scrotal injuries in blunt trauma. Scrotal injuries are not very common and are mostly due to blunt trauma from direct injury, sports injuries or motor vehicle accidents. To minimize complications and ensure testicular salvage, rapid and accurate diagnosis is necessary. High-resolution USG is the investigation of choice, as it is readily available, accurate and has been seen to improve outcomes. An understanding of and familiarity with the sonographic appearance of scrotal injuries on the part of the radiologist/sonographer is therefore of key importance.
Cystic masses of neck: A pictorial review
Authors: Mittal Mahesh Kumar , Malik Amita , Sureka Binit , Thukral Brij Bhushan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCystic masses of neck consist of a variety of pathologic entities. The age of presentation and clinical examination narrow down the differential diagnosis; however, imaging is essential for accurate diagnosis and pretreatment planning. Ultrasound is often used for initial evaluation. Computed tomography (CT) provides additional information with regard to the extent and internal composition of the mass. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has a supplementary role for confirmation of diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging may be needed in some cases for preoperative assessment.