bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total joint replacement in men: old age, obesity and in‐hospital complications
Authors: Mnatzaganian George , Ryan Philip , Norman Paul E. , Davidson David C. , Hiller Janet E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed risks of incident in‐hospital complications and 1‐year and 5‐year mortality following elective primary total joint replacement (TJR), focusing on obesity.MethodsLongitudinal data from a population‐based cohort of 819 men who had had TJR were integrated with validated hospital morbidity data and mortality records. Complications recorded in the index admission were classified as major or minor by 13 independent orthopaedic surgeons.ResultsOf 819 men (mean age 76.3 (SD 4.5) years), 331 patients (40.4%) had an in‐hospital complication from whom 155 (18.9%) had at least one major complication that was classified as potentially life threatening. Obesity and age were independently associated with increased risk of major complications. Compared with patients without complications, those with major complications experienced significantly greater mortality in 1 year (5.8% versus 1.2%, P = 0.001) and 5 years (16.8% versus 8.0%, P = 0.002) following TJR. In Cox regressions, age, Charlson Co‐morbidity index and major complications were independently associated with 1‐year mortality. Age and Charlson Co‐morbidity index were also associated with 5‐year mortality. Similarly, risk of dying within 5 years of TJR was higher among patients with class II obesity compared with patients with normal weight. The most frequently reported complications were those in the cardio‐respiratory and general systems. Complications in the cardio‐respiratory system significantly increased hazard of 1‐ and 5‐year mortality.ConclusionThe elderly and the obese are more likely to develop adverse outcomes following a primary TJR. Our findings may assist clinicians in better selecting elderly patients for surgery, and informing them about their individual level of risk.
Different approaches to volume assessment of lymph nodes in computer tomography scans of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with a real gold standard
Authors: Mueller Stefan , Wichmann Gunnar , Dornheim Lars , Roessling Ivo , Bertolini Julia , Preim Bernhard , Dietz Andreas , Boehm Andreas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundVolume assessment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is becoming a more and more clinical important parameter, especially in treatment planning and response control. Various authors showed a significant impact of tumour volume on treatment outcome and local control. Regarding the increasing impact of induction chemotherapy and primary chemoradiation on HNSCC, the need for an adequate measuring tool to judge treatment response becomes obvious. This study was performed to compare the momentary ‘gold standard’, the diameter‐based approach, and tumour volume assessment in HNSCC with approaches based on segmentation algorithms in computer tomography (CT) scans.MethodsCT scans were taken as part of the standardized staging investigations. Using these image data, 30 lymph nodes were defined and segmented. The segmentations were carried out with the newly developed software called ‘NeckSegmenter’. After obtaining informed consent from the patient, neck dissection was performed and the excised lymph nodes underwent analysis of their true volume. The datasets were compared with each other and put in correlation with the segmented volumes.ResultsPearson's correlation index showed a higher correlation of the segmented volumes (r = 0.7979) with the true volumes than the results generated via diameter‐based equation (r = 0.7974). Furthermore, the diameter‐generated volumes show clearly too high volumes at 130% (confidence interval: 107.7–156.7%). The volumes generated with the segmentation are at 89.18% (confidence interval: 73.52–108.16%).ConclusionThe data show a higher reliability for volumes estimated by the segmentation‐based approach than the widely used diameter‐based approach.
The place of volition in addiction: Differing approaches and their implications for policy and service provision
Authors: Karasaki Mutsumi , Fraser Suzanne , Moore David , Dietze Paul 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroduction.‘Addiction’ is an ambiguous concept. Its meaning, and how it is used in drug policy and treatment, depends on how it is conceptualised. While the ‘disease’ model of addiction is prevalent in Australia, differing, sometimes contradictory, interpretations of this model are mobilised.Methods.Drawing on 20 semi‐structured interviews conducted with professionals working in the area of drug use in Victoria, Australia, this paper develops a typology delineating different approaches to addiction.Results.Five domains of meaning related to addiction were identified in the data. These were: (i) the sign of craving; (ii) susceptibility; (iii) social and psychological issues producing addiction; (iv) self‐concept; and (v) social functions of addiction. These domains are further divided into two subtypes based on how the participants understood the role of a key notion in addiction: volition, that is, whether or not an ‘addict’ has control over drug use and other aspects of life.Discussion.By systematically mapping different conceptualisations of addiction, this typology identifies the ambiguities and contradictions in the models currently in use, especially with respect to the notion of volition. While a homogeneous approach to these issues is neither practical nor desirable, there is a need to consider the implications of this lack of coherence.Conclusions.Service providers, medical practitioners and policy makers need to reflect on their assumptions, and consider the implications of their different approaches for clients, some of whom encounter more than one approach when undergoing treatment for drug use.
Wage and Productivity Differentials in Japan: The Role of Labor Market Mechanisms
Authors: Kalantzis Yannick , Kambayashi Ryo , Lechevalier Sébastien 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper aims at explaining two stylized facts of the Lost Decade in Japan: rising wage inequalities and increasing firm‐level productivity differentials. We build a model where firms can choose between efficiency wages with endogenous effort and competitive wages, and show that it can replicate those facts. Using Japanese microeconomic data, we find support for the existence of efficiency wages in one group of firms and competitive wages in the other group. Based on those results, a simulation shows that the share of firms using efficiency wages has declined, within sectors, during the Lost Decade, as predicted by the model.
The Effects of Personality Traits on Wages: A Matching Approach
Authors: Girtz Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractI use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 to estimate the effects of adolescent measurements of self‐esteem and locus of control on adult wages using propensity score matching. An adolescent possessing high self‐esteem will experience between 8.5 and 9.2 per cent higher wages as an adult. This result is statistically significant and robust to the addition of cognitive skill and family background characteristics. When cognitive skill and family background characteristics are controlled for, locus of control as an adolescent is insignificant in explaining adult wages. This result is contrary to findings in the literature.
Reluctant ‘Jailors’ speak out: parents of adults with Down syndrome living in the parental home on how they negotiate the tension between empowering and protecting their intellectually disabled sons and daughters
Authors: Foley Simon 
Published: September 2012

Accessible summary

This study looks at the issue of the social lives of adults with Down syndrome who are living at home with their parents.
Sometimes, for the very best of reasons, the parents of adults with Down syndrome try to prevent their adult son or daughter with Down syndrome from going out on their own, from having a boyfriend or a girlfriend etc.
In this study, I talk to a group of parents about how they feel when they think about the kind of social life their sons and daughters with Down syndrome have.
For example, I ask them are they happy with the amount of friends that their son or daughter has, whether their son or daughter has a boyfriend or girlfriend, whether they would like to see their son or daughter get married etc.
Because of the role played by parents in the social lives of their intellectually disabled adult son or daughter, it is very important for everybody concerned with the quality of life enjoyed by adults with an intellectual disability to understand why their parents think and act the way they do.

SummaryWhile the language of empowerment and human rights have taken centre stage in both the disability literature and disability service provision for adults with intellectual disabilities. One area where there exists a disconnect between theory and practice, in the Republic of Ireland at any rate, lies in the parental home and the role played by parents of adults with intellectual disabilities (this study focuses specifically on adults with Down syndrome) in acting as gatekeepers of their son or daughters social life. For the best of paternalistic reasons, many parents of adults with Down syndrome severely restrict the life choices of their adult sons or daughters. This is particularly the case when it comes to the regulation of their son or daughters sexuality, a possible effect of which may be to effectively deprive their intellectually disabled son or daughter of the opportunity of ever entering into an intimate sexual relationship with another human being. So are parents of adults with Down syndrome actually playing the role of ‘reluctant jailors’? If yes, how do they navigate the enormously tricky terrain that characterises the Scylla and Charybdis like tension between trying to empower their adult son or daughter with Down syndrome while at the same time doing all they can to insure they come to no harm? This study interviews ten parents on the earlier issues, to gain a greater phenomenological understanding on the predicament that many parents of adults with Down syndrome believe themselves to be in.
Practitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?
Authors: Thapar Anita , Cooper Miriam , Eyre Olga , Langley Kate 
Published: September 2012

Background:  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its possible causes still attract controversy. Genes, pre and perinatal risks, psychosocial factors and environmental toxins have all been considered as potential risk factors.Method:  This review (focussing on literature published since 1997, selected from a search of PubMed) critically considers putative risk factors with a focus on genetics and selected environmental risks, examines their relationships with ADHD and discusses the likelihood that these risks are causal as well as some of the main implications.Results:  No single risk factor explains ADHD. Both inherited and noninherited factors contribute and their effects are interdependent. ADHD is familial and heritable. Research into the inherited and molecular genetic contributions to ADHD suggest an important overlap with other neurodevelopmental problems, notably, autism spectrum disorders. Having a biological relative with ADHD, large, rare copy number variants, some small effect size candidate gene variants, extreme early adversity, pre and postnatal exposure to lead and low birth weight/prematurity have been most consistently found as risk factors, but none are yet known to be definitely causal. There is a large literature documenting associations between ADHD and a wide variety of putative environmental risks that can, at present, only be regarded as correlates. Findings from research designs that go beyond simply testing for association are beginning to contest the robustness of some environmental exposures previously thought to be ADHD risk factors.Conclusions:  The genetic risks implicated in ADHD generally tend to have small effect sizes or be rare and often increase risk of many other types of psychopathology. Thus, they cannot be used for prediction, genetic testing or diagnostic purposes beyond what is predicted by a family history. There is a need to consider the possibility of parents and siblings being similarly affected and how this might impact on engagement with families, influence interventions and require integration with adult services. Genetic contributions to disorder do not necessarily mean that medications are the treatment of choice. We also consider how findings might influence the conceptualisation of ADHD, public health policy implications and why it is unhelpful and incorrect to dichotomise genetic/biological and environmental explanations. It is essential that practitioners can interpret genetic and aetiological research findings and impart informed explanations to families.
Do Insurance Companies Possess an Informational Monopoly? Empirical Evidence From Auto Insurance
Authors: Kofman Paul , Nini Gregory P. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the impact of policyholder tenure on contractual relationships in nonlife insurance markets. For a sample of auto insurance policies, we find that average risk decreases with policyholder tenure, but the effect is entirely due to the impact of observable information. We reject the hypothesis that the incumbent insurer is privately learning faster about quality of their policyholders. We highlight the importance of a public signal regarding policyholders' claims experiences and suggest alternative explanations for the unconditional relationships in the data.
Pricing Survivor Derivatives With Cohort Mortality Dependence Under the Lee–Carter Framework
Authors: Wang Chou‐Wen , Yang Sharon S. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis article introduces cohort mortality dependence in mortality modeling. We extend the classical Lee–Carter model to incorporate cohort mortality dependence by considering mortality correlations for a cohort of people born in the same year. The pattern of cohort mortality dependence is demonstrated on the basis of U.S. mortality experience. We study the effect of cohort mortality dependence on the pricing of survivor derivatives. For this purpose, a survivor floor is introduced. To understand the difference between a survivor floor and other survivor securities, the valuation formulas for survivor swaps and survivor floors are all derived in detail and the effects of cohort mortality dependence on pricing survivor derivatives are investigated numerically.
Derivatives Clearing, Default Risk, and Insurance
Authors: Jones Robert A. , Pérignon Christophe 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUsing daily data on margins and variation margins for all clearing members of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, we analyze the clearing house exposure to the risk of default by clearing members. We find that the major source of default risk for a clearing member is proprietary trading rather than trading by customers. Additionally, we show that extreme losses suffered by important clearing firms tend to cluster, which raises systemic risk concerns. Finally, we discuss how private insurance could be used to cover the loss from defaults by clearing members.
In vitro study of effects of emulsified oil on broiler feed quality
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Chuan , Yang Zai‐Bin , Yang Wei‐Ren , Jiang Shu‐Zhen , Zhang Gui‐Guo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to compare effects of emulsified soybean oil and non‐emulsified soybean oil on the quality of broiler feed differing in the feed type and the broiler feeding stage in vitro. A 2 × 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was designed with two fat sources (soybean oil and emulsified oil), two feed types (mash and pellet) and three broiler feeding stages (starter, grower and finisher). Four samples of feeds were collected from each combination of factors at the beginning of the experiment and stored at 20°C. Subsamples were taken at 15‐day intervals to determine the moisture content, peroxide value (PV), acid value (AV) and the total fungal count over a 45‐day period; weight loss percentage was determined by weighting the samples at days 0, 15, 30 and 45; fines percentage in pellets was only determined at day 0. The emulsified oil reduced (P < 0.05) the fines percentage, increased (P < 0.05) the moisture content, decreased (P < 0.05) the weight loss percentage and PV, did not affect (P > 0.05) the AV and the total fungal count. Results showed that the emulsified oil decreased weight loss, increased pelletability, moisture content and oxidation stability without affecting fungal growth.
Epidemiology of ambulance responses to older people who have fallen in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Simpson Paul M , Bendall Jason C , Patterson Jillian , Tiedemann Anne , Middleton Paul M , Close Jacqueline CT 
Published: September 2012

AimTo quantify the size and scope of the operational burden for a large ambulance service arising from older people who have fallen and to describe this population.MethodsRetrospective analysis of ambulance records from New South Wales, Australia for emergency calls classified as ‘falls’ in the period 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009.ResultsThere were 42 331 responses to people aged 65 years or older, constituting 5.1% of total emergency workload. The median age of patients was 83 (interquartile range 76–87) and 62% were women. The transport rate was 76%. Transport to hospital was more likely during the day (odds ratio (OR) 1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–1.9) and on weekends (OR 1.06, 95%CI 1.0–1.1).ConclusionFalls by older people constitute approximately 5% of all emergency responses, of which one quarter are not transported to emergency department (ED) after paramedic assessment. Increasing the sophistication of ambulance dispatch processes to older people who have fallen, and continuing with the development of new models of care aimed at decreasing unnecessary transports to the EDs, should be a priority when planning ambulance service delivery for older people who have fallen.
Australian emergency clinicians' perceptions and use of the GIVE Clinical Trigger for identification of potential organ and tissue donors
Authors: Neate Sandra , Marck Claudia H , Weiland Tracey J , Cunningham Nicola , Hickey Bernadette B , Dwyer Bernadine M , Jelinek George A 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectivesIn 2010 the Australian Organ and Tissue Authority introduced a nationally consistent indicator, the GIVE Clinical Trigger, for early identification of potential organ and tissue donors in EDs and intensive care units. This national survey of emergency clinicians aimed to assess emergency clinicians' perceptions and use of the Trigger.MethodsNational cross‐sectional survey of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) fellows and trainees and members of the College of Emergency Nursing Australia (CENA); online questionnaire; 12 items addressing implementation of the GIVE Trigger; graded and free‐text responses.ResultsFive hundred and ninety‐nine (20.2%) of 2969 ACEM members and 212 (20.7%) of 1026 CENA members responded. Four hundred and seventy‐four respondents (62.7%) were familiar with the Trigger; 472 (63.8%) agreed it was easy to recognise patients who activated the Trigger; 490 (64.9%) had sufficient time to use the Trigger; 511 (67.7%) felt they had the necessary competence and knowledge to identify a potential donor; 464 (61.5%) felt competent and 501 (66.4%) felt comfortable referring a potential donor when identified. Overall 587 (77.7%) ED clinicians supported the use of the Trigger, but most (587 [77.7%]) perceived barriers to its use; 628 (80%) had never activated the Trigger and 557 (71%) had never referred a potential donor to relevant authorities.ConclusionMost Australian emergency clinicians are familiar with and support the GIVE Clinical Trigger, and feel they have the necessary skills to use the Trigger; however, most perceive barriers to its use and have not yet used the Trigger.
60 Years of Development of the Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
Authors: Cui Jinzhong , He Ping , Liu Fenghong , Tan Jingjing , Chen Lingfeng , Fenn Joshua 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn celebration of JIPB's 60th anniversary, this paper summarizes and reviews the development process of the journal. To start, we offer our heartfelt thanks to JIPB's pioneer Editors‐in‐Chief who helped get the journal off the ground and make it successful. Academic achievement is the soul of academic journals, and this paper summarizes JIPB's course of academic development by analyzing it in four stages: the first two stages are mostly qualitative analyses, and the latter two stages are dedicated to quantitative analyses. Most‐cited papers were statistically analyzed. Improvements in editing, publication, distribution and online accessibility—which are detailed in this paper—contribute to JIPB's sustainable development. In addition, JIPB's evaluation index and awards are provided with accompanying pictures. At the end of the paper, JIPB's milestones are listed chronologically. We believe that JIPB's development, from a national journal to an international one, parallels the development of the Chinese  plant sciences.
LHD1, an Allele of DTH8/Ghd8, Controls Late Heading Date in Common Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon)F
Authors: Dai Xiaodong , Ding Younian , Tan Lubin , Fu Yongcai , Liu Fengxia , Zhu Zuofeng , Sun Xianyou , Sun Xuewen , Gu Ping , Cai Hongwei , Sun Chuanqing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFlowering at suitable time is very important for plants to adapt to complicated environments and produce their seeds successfully for reproduction. In rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) photoperiod regulation is one of the important factors for controlling heading date. Common wild rice, the ancestor of cultivated rice, exhibits a late heading date and a more sensitive photoperiodic response than cultivated rice. Here, through map‐based cloning, we identified a major quantitative trait loci (QTL) LHD1 (Late Heading Date 1), an allele of DTH8/Ghd8, which controls the late heading date of wild rice and encodes a putative HAP3/NF‐YB/CBF‐A subunit of the CCAAT‐box‐binding transcription factor. Sequence analysis revealed that several variants in the coding region of LHD1 were correlated with a late heading date, and a further complementary study successfully rescued the phenotype. These results suggest that a functional site for LHD1 could be among those variants present in the coding region. We also found that LHD1 could down‐regulate the expression of several floral transition activators such as Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long‐day conditions, but not under short‐day conditions. This indicates that LHD1 may delay flowering by repressing the expression of Ehd1, Hd3a and RFT1 under long‐day conditions.
Regulation of Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis and InactivationF
Authors: Zhao Baolin , Li Jia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of naturally‐occurring steroidal phytohormones playing fundamental roles during normal plant growth and development. Using a combination of experimental approaches, including analytical chemistry, genetics, and biochemistry, the major BR biosynthetic pathway has been largely elucidated. The least‐understood knowledge in the BR research field is probably the molecular mechanisms controlling the bioactive levels of BRs in response to various developmental and environmental cues. In this review, we focus our discussion on a recently‐proposed, 8‐step predominant BR biosynthetic pathway, several newly‐identified transcription factors regulating the expression of key enzymes that catalyze BR biosynthesis, and up‐to‐date information about the mechanisms that plants use to inactivate unnecessary BRs.
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[ Jia Li (Corresponding author)]