bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Award winner for outstanding research in the PhD category, 2014 society for biomaterials annual meeting and exposition, denver, colorado, april 16–19, 2014: Decellularized adipose matrix hydrogels stimulate in vivo neovascularization and adipose formation
Authors: Adam Young D. , Bajaj Vaibhav , Christman Karen L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDecellularization of tissues offers the ability to produce tissue‐specific extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that recreate many of the biochemical aspects of the tissue of interest. In this study, we describe the in vivo function of decellularized adipose ECM hydrogels for treating subcutaneous adipose deficits. Adipose ECM hydrogels were combined with either adipose‐derived adult stem cells or a biocompatible cross‐linker, injected subcutaneously into nude mice, and evaluated over the course of 1 month. These ECM hydrogels showed improved integration with the surrounding tissue in vivo compared to a clinical standard soft tissue filler, Juvederm, and stimulated neovascularization. More importantly, these adipose ECM hydrogels facilitated new adipose regeneration within the material at 1 month, a feature not seen with current clinical soft tissue fillers. These results contribute to the growing evidence that ECM‐based materials are capable of stimulating subcutaneous adipose regeneration, suggesting that future soft tissue filler materials could incorporate ECM elements in order to restore function to adipose deficits instead of simply filling them with static materials. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1641–1651, 2014.
Parathyroid Hormone 1-84 Targets Bone Vascular Structure and Perfusion in Mice: Impacts of Its Administration Regimen and of Ovariectomy
Authors: Roche Bernard , Vanden-Bossche Arnaud , Malaval Luc , Normand Myriam , Jannot Martin , Chaux Robin , Vico Laurence , Lafage-Proust Marie-Hélène 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone vessel functions during bone remodeling are poorly understood. They depend on both vessel network structure and vasomotor regulation. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a systemic vasodilator that may modulate microvascularization. Moreover, although intermittent PTH is anti-osteoporotic, continuous PTH administration can be catabolic for bone. Finally, ovariectomy (OVX) reduces bone perfusion and vessel density in mice. We reasoned that the effects of PTH on bone vascularization might depend on its administration regimen and be impacted by ovariectomy. A 100-µg/kg PTH 1-84 daily dose was administered for 15 days to 4-month-old female C57BL/6 mice, either as daily sc injection (iPTH) or continuously (cPTH; ALZET minipump). Blood pressure (BP) and tibia bone perfusion were measured in vivo with a laser Doppler device. Histomorphometry of bone and barium-contrasted vascular network were performed on the same tibia. Compared with untreated controls, both iPTH and cPTH increased bone formation but had opposite effects on resorption. Both iPTH and cPTH were slightly angiogenic. Intermittent PTH increased microvessel size (+48%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas cPTH decreased it (–29%, p = 0.009). iPTH increased bone perfusion (27%, p &lt; 0.001) with no change in BP, whereas cPTH did not. The vascular effects of a 15-day iPTH treatment were analyzed in OVX mice and compared with sham-operated and OVX untreated controls. Two other anti-osteoporotic drugs, zoledronate (one injection, 70 µg/kg) and propranolol, (5 mg/kg/d) were tested in OVX mice. Although no change in bone mass was observed, iPTH stimulated bone formation and prevented the OVX-induced reduction in bone perfusion and vessel density. Both zoledronate and propranolol strongly lowered bone turnover, but surprisingly, zoledronate prevented OVX-induced reduction in bone perfusion but propranolol did not. Our integrative approach thus demonstrates that the effects of PTH on bone vessel structure and function depend on its mode of administration as well as on the HPG-axis hormonal status, and that OVX-induced vascular changes are prevented by iPTH. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bite force and feeding kinematics in the eastern North Pacific kyphosidae
Authors: Moran Clinton Joseph , Ferry Lara 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSome fishes that feed on attached food items possess an intramandibular joint (IMJ), which is thought to increase maximum gape and facilitate contact between the tooth‐bearing surface and the substrate. However, the mechanical consequences of using an IMJ to remove attached food items from the substrate are still poorly understood. We examined the most prominent eastern North Pacific kyphosid, the scraper: Girella nigricans and two other kyphosids, Medialuna californiensis and Hermosilla azurea, which occupy similar habitats. Of the three species, G. nigricans had the highest theoretical bite force per unit length. We examined the feeding mechanics of G. nigricans in two different feeding scenarios: a scraping behavior elicited on a block of brine shrimp gelatin and a picking behavior elicited on Ulva sp. We measured cranial elevation, lower jaw rotation, premaxillary protrusion, premaxillary rotation, gape maximum, and intramandibular rotation. Ulva treatments produced significantly greater cranial rotation, when compared to gelatin treatments. Gelatin treatments were associated with greater lower jaw rotation and larger gape. Premaxillary rotation and premaxillary protrusion did not differ between treatments. Intramandibular rotation occurred only when G. nigricans physically contacted the gelatin, suggesting the IMJ is a passive joint with no associated musculature. We also noted that G. nigricans do not appear to use suction to draw food into the mouth. The lack of suction and the presence of the IMJ suggest that the jaws of G. nigricans are specialized for maximizing jaw force when scraping. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 189–197, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inlet and outlet valve flow and regurgitant volume may be directly and reliably quantified with accelerated, volumetric phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Hsiao Albert , Tariq Umar , Alley Marcus T. , Lustig Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: February 2014

PurposeTo determine whether it is feasible to use solely an accelerated 4D phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D‐PC MRI) acquisition to quantify net and regurgitant flow volume through each of the cardiac valves.Materials and MethodsAccelerated, 4D‐PC MRI examinations performed between March 2010 through June 2011 as part of routine MRI examinations for congenital, structural heart disease were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed using valve‐tracking visualization and quantification algorithms developed in Java and OpenGL. Excluding patients with transposition or single ventricle physiology, a total of 34 consecutive pediatric patients (19 male, 15 female; mean age 6.9 years; age range 10 months to 15 years) were identified. 4D‐PC flow measurements were compared at each valve and against routine measurements from conventional cardiac MRI using Bland–Altman and Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsInlet and outlet valve net flow were highly correlated between all valves (P = 0.940–0.985). The sum of forward flow at the outlet valve and regurgitant flow at the inlet valve were consistent with volumetric displacements in each ventricle (P = 0.939–0.948). These were also highly consistent with conventional planar MRI measurements with net flow (P = 0.923–0.935) and regurgitant fractions (P = 0.917–0.972) at the outlet valve and ventricular volumes (P = 0.925–0.965).ConclusionIt is possible to obtain consistent measurements of net and regurgitant blood flow across the inlet and outlet valves relying solely on accelerated 4D‐PC. This may facilitate more efficient clinical quantification of valvular regurgitation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:376–385.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐echo gradient recalled echo imaging of the pelvis for improved depiction of brachytherapy seeds and fiducial markers facilitating radiotherapy planning and treatment of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Schieda Nicola , Avruch Leonard , Shabana Wael M. , Malone Shawn Christopher 
Published: February 2014

PurposeMR localization of implanted devices for radiotherapy (RT) in prostatic carcinoma is critical for treatment planning. This clinical note studies the application of a multi‐echo gradient recalled echo (GRE) pulse sequence with sum of squares echo combination (ME GRE) to enhance detection of seeds and fiducials.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients who underwent MRI using fast spin echo (FSE), single‐echo and ME GRE over a 9‐month period were retrospectively evaluated by two readers who assessed overall image quality, depiction of seeds/fiducials and image sharpness using a 5‐point scale (1 = poor, 2 = suboptimal, 3 = adequate, 4 = above average, 5 = excellent). Image scores were compared using the Wilcoxon sign rank test.ResultsIn all 15 patients, both readers rated the depiction of seeds/fiducials with ME GRE as excellent. In all 15 patients, overall image quality and image sharpness with ME GRE was rated as excellent by reader 1. In 12/15 patients, overall image quality and image sharpness with ME GRE was rated as excellent and in the other patients above average by reader 2. There was a difference in depiction of seeds/fiducials comparing GRE to FSE (P < 0.001) and ME to single echo GRE (P < 0.001). Overall image quality and sharpness was higher with ME compared with single echo GRE (P < 0.001) and similar to FSE (P = 0.26 and P = 0.16).ConclusionMulti‐echo GRE provides better detection of implanted seeds and fiducial markers when compared with both FSE and single‐echo GRE potentially improving RT treatment planning for prostate carcinoma. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:715–720. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biochars improve aggregate stability, water retention, and pore‐space properties of clayey soil
Authors: Sun Fangfang , Lu Shenggao 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe influence of biochar amendments on the physical quality of a clayey soil (Vertisol) was evaluated by aggregate‐size distribution and stability, water retention, and pore‐space structure of biochar‐amended soils. Clayey soil was treated with three kinds of biochars (straw biochar, woodchips biochar, and wastewater‐sludge biochar) at the rate of 0, 20, 40, and 60 g biochar (kg soil)–1 and incubated for 180 d in glasshouse. The application of straw biochar (SB) and wastewater‐sludge biochar (WSB) significantly enhanced the formation of 5–2 and 0.25–0.5 mm macroaggregates in the clayey soil relative to the control treatment, while the < 0.25‐cm microaggregate decreased with biochar additions. However, woodchips biochar (WCB) had no obvious effect on the formation of macroaggregate. The application of SB and WSB increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of clayey soil, implying that biochar increased the aggregate stability. They improved the aggregate stability through an enhanced resistance to slaking and increased interparticular cohesion. The SB‐amended soils exhibited significant increases in the available water contents of soils. The application of SB significantly increased pore volume in the macropore (> 75 μm) and mesopore (30–75 μm) ranges, which may be the result of the reorganization of pore‐size distribution and aggregation processes induced by the addition of biochar. Results indicated that biochar had the potential to improve the physical quality and pore‐space status of clayey soil. It is suggested that biochar may be considered as a soil amendment for improving poor physical characteristics of clayey soil.
Using GPS Supported Speed Analysis to Determine Spatial Visitor Behaviour
Authors: Bauder Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper a new approach to determine spatial visitor behaviour using GPS‐based measurement of tourists' velocity is given. I prove that GPS‐based velocity measurement is valid and feasible, even in urban areas. Furthermore, I illustrate that the possibility to interpret spatial visitor behaviour, as well as the choice of transportation type, can be drawn out of the recorded data. The suggested procedure delivers several benefits for destination and tourism management, given that the knowledge of spatial visitor behaviour is central to a successful and sustainable destination management. As an example, two studies (Freiburg, Berlin) are presented in this paper. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nocturnal field use by fall migrating American woodcock in the Delta of Arkansas
Authors: Krementz David G. , Crossett Richard , Lehnen Sarah E. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe American woodcock (Scolopax minor) population has declined since the late 1960s across its range and is now considered a species of special concern. Research on woodcock habitat use during migration and migratory routes through the Central Flyway has been limited. We assessed woodcock phenology, estimated density, and nocturnal habitat use in fields on public lands in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley portion of Arkansas during November and December of 2010 and 2011. We used all‐terrain vehicles to survey woodcock along transects in 67 fields of 8 field types. We analyzed data using hierarchical distance sampling. We detected woodcock from the first week in November through the third week in December but in low numbers. We did not detect woodcock in millet or rice fields, whereas woodcock had the highest estimated densities in unharvested soybeans. All other crop type–post‐harvest management combinations had low woodcock densities. We did not detect woodcock in fields <8 ha or >40 ha. Woodcock in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley may benefit from management for unharvested soybean fields of moderate size (approx. 8–40 ha). © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reduction of Sodium Chlorite by Sodium Hydrogen Ascorbate in Aqueous Solution at Near Neutral pH
Authors: Curtin Maria , Dwyer Sean , Bukvic Dino , Doona Christopher J. , Kustin Kenneth 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe reduction of chlorite ion by the hydrogen ascorbate ion in a neutral solution safely produces chlorine dioxide. The decrease in absorbance at 268 nm with the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) allows measurement of the ascorbate disappearance in the reaction with excess chlorite. The measured rate constant at 25 ± 0.02°C, 3.67 × 10−4 M DMSO, ionic strength 0.51 M (NaClO4), and in the presence of 3.32 × 10−9 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is 13.81 ± 1.30 M−1 s−1. Rate constant measurements over the range 15–35°C gave an Arrhenius activation energy of 75.51 ± 4.53 kJ mol−1. This result is the first reported determination of the kinetics of this reaction and is consistent with either electron‐ or oxygen‐transfer mechanisms. Anomalously, reduction of chlorite results in its oxidation, because intermediate hypochlorite oxidizes chlorite.
Coblation total tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy versus coblation partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in children
Authors: Duarte Victor M. , Liu Yuan F. , Shapiro Nina L. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the postoperative course of children who underwent coblation T&A versus those who underwent coblation partial intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (PITA).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsRecords of children undergoing consecutive tonsillectomies from July 2009 to October 2012 were analyzed. All surgeries used a coblation device. Outcomes including intraoperative and postoperative bleeding, pain, and return to preoperative diet were analyzed comparing the coblation T&A and coblation PITA patients.ResultsOf 415 patients evaluated, 258 (62.2%) underwent coblation T&A and 157 (37.8%) underwent coblation PITA. Seventeen (4.1%) patients experienced postoperative hemorrhage, 15 (88.2%) of whom underwent T&A and two (11.8%) of whom underwent PITA (P = 0.024). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that coblation T&A was a significant contributor to postoperative hemorrhage, with an odds ratio of 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–21.21) compared to coblation PITA. Patients who underwent T&A resumed normal diets significantly later (8 days, SD 4.6) than those who underwent PITA (5.4 days, standard deviation [SD]: 3.4) (P = 0.022). In terms of pain severity, more T&A patients reported “severe” pain and more PITA patients reported “moderate” pain (P = 0.047). More T&A patients experienced a “post‐op dip,” defined as increased pain during postoperative days 5–9, than did PITA patients (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCoblation PITA is a safe procedure that has a lower incidence of intraoperative and postoperative bleeding in children compared to coblation T&A. Patients may have less pain and return to preoperative diets sooner than those undergoing coblation T&A.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 124:1959–1964, 2014
Endoscopic endonasal approaches to infratemporal fossa tumors: A classification system and case series
Authors: Taylor Robert J. , Patel Mihir R. , Wheless Stephen A. , McKinney Kibwei A. , Stadler Michael E. , Sasaki‐Adams Deanna , Ewend Matthew G. , Germanwala Anand V. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo propose a clinically applicable anatomic classification system describing three progressive endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to the infratemporal fossa (ITF) and their potential sequelae. Overall feasibility and outcomes of these approaches are presented through a consecutive case series.Study DesignDescription of classification system for EEAs to the ITF and case series.MethodsA classification system of EEAs to ITF tumors was created based on the senior author's clinical experience and cadaveric dissection. A retrospective chart review of 21 child and adult patients with primary ITF tumors treated by these approaches from 2008 to 2012 at a tertiary‐care academic medical center was conducted.ResultsThree progressive EEAs to ITF tumors were defined: 1) a transpterygopalatine fossa approach, 2) a transmedial pterygoid plate approach, and 3) a translateral pterygoid plate approach. Twenty‐one patients treated with these approaches were identified consecutively, with a mean age of 44.2 years (range, 11–79 years). Tumors primarily involving the pterygopalatine fossa and not the ITF were excluded. Pathology included three advanced juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas, three adenoid cystic carcinomas, two recurrent inverted papillomas, two trigeminal schwannomas, and 11 other diverse skull base pathologies. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, with a mean follow‐up of 21.5 months (range, 1–55 months). Expected potential sequelae such as V2/palatal numbness, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and trismus occurred in 10/21 patients.ConclusionsEEAs to ITF tumors are technically feasible with low risk of complications for well‐selected patients. The proposed classification system is useful for anticipating potential sequelae for each approach.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 124:2443–2450, 2014
Impact of platybasia and anatomic variance on surgical approaches to the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Burke Kevin , Benet Arnau , Aghi Manish K. , El‐Sayed Ivan 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to characterize the anatomic relation of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) relative to the palatal line (PL), determine if the height of the CVJ over the PL is directly related to the anterior skull base (ASB) angle and the condition of platybasia, and consider the impact of the findings on endoscopic surgical approaches to the skull base.Study DesignRetrospective radiographic review.MethodsA retrospective study was performed using patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) as the control population and patients with platybasia as the study population. Sagittal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography were used to measure the ASB angle and the height of the CVJ above or below the PL.ResultsThe height of the CVJ relative to the PL is significantly higher in the platybasia group compared to the CRS group. However, a linear relationship is not identified between ASB angle and height of the CVJ relative to the PL. The height of the CVJ relative to the PL shows a wide distribution in both populations extending >1 cm above (platybasia group) and 1 cm below (control group).ConclusionsPlatybasia results in a higher CVJ relative to the PL compared to the general population; however, the relationship is not linear. The wide distribution of the CVJ relative to the PL indicates that the approach selection must be tailored to the patient's specific anatomy.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 124:1760–1766, 2014
Physiology‐based minimum clinically important difference thresholds in adult laryngotracheal stenosis
Authors: Nouraei S. Mahmoud , Franco Ramon A. , Dowdall Jayme R. , Nouraei S. A. Reza , Mills Heide , Virk Jag S. , Sandhu Guri S. , Polkey Mike 
Published: February 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDelivering evidence‐based patient care is predicated on the availability of objective and validated outcome measures. We aimed to calculate physiology‐based minimum clinically important difference (MCID) values for adult laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS).Study DesignProspective observational study.MethodsPatient demographics, morbidities, and stenosis severity were assessed preoperatively. Flow‐volume loops and Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea grades were measured in 21 males and 44 females before and 6 to 8 weeks after airway surgery, and before treating recurrent disease in 10 patients. Anchor and distribution‐based methodologies were used to calculate MCIDs for treatment efficacy and disease recurrence respectively.ResultsThe mean age at treatment was 46 ± 16 years. The most common etiology was idiopathic subglottic stenosis (38%). Most lesions (66%) obstructed >70% of the lumen. There were strong correlations between treatment‐related changes in total peak flow (TPF) (ΔTPF) (peak expiratory flow + |peak inspiratory flow|) and the ratio of area under the flow‐volume loop (AUC) to forced vital capacity (FVC) (ΔAUCTotal/FVC), and treatment‐related changes in the MRC grade (ΔMRC) (r = −0.76 and r = −0.82, respectively). Both TPF and AUCTotal/FVC discriminated between effective (ΔMRC <0) and ineffective (ΔMRC ≥0) interventions, yielding MCID values of 4.2 L/s for TPF and 2.1 L2/s for AUCTotal/FVC, respectively. Ten patients required airway treatment for recurrent disease, and TPF and AUCTotal/FVC levels had distribution‐based MCID values of 0.9 and 0.6, respectively.ConclusionsFlow‐volume loops provide a quantitative method of objectively assessing outcomes in LTS. TPF is the most convenient index for this purpose, but AUCTotal/FVC provides marginally greater sensitivity and specificity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope 124:2313–2320, 2014