bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental risk and market approval for human pharmaceuticals
Authors: Fumagalli Davide 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper contributes to the growing discussion about how to mitigate pharmaceutical pollution, which is a threat to human, animal, and environmental health as well as a potential driver of antimicrobial resistance. It identifies market approval of pharmaceuticals as one of the most powerful ways to shape producer behavior and highlights that applying this tool raises ethical issues given that it might impact patients’ access to medicines. The paper identifies seven different policy options that progressively give environmental considerations increased priority in the approval process, identifies ethically relevant interests affected by such policies, and makes explicit tensions and necessary tradeoffs between these interests. While arguing that the current European regulation gives insufficient weight to environmental considerations, the paper highlights concerns with the strongest policy options, on the grounds that these may very well endanger patients’ access to effective medication.
High Density 3D Carbon Tube Nanoarray Electrode Boosting the Capacitance of Filter Capacitor
Authors: Chen Gan , Han Fangming , Ma Huachun , Li Pei , Zhou Ziyan , Wang Pengxiang , Li Xiaoyan , Meng Guowen , Wei Bingqing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with fast frequency response are regarded as small-scale alternatives to the commercial bulky aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Creating carbon-based nanoarray electrodes with precise alignment and smooth ion channels is crucial for enhancing EDLCs’ performance. However, controlling the density of macropore-dominated nanoarray electrodes poses challenges in boosting the capacitance of line-filtering EDLCs. Herein, a simple technique to finely adjust the vertical-pore diameter and inter-spacing in three-dimensional nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (3D-AAO) template is achieved, and 3D compactly arranged carbon tube (3D-CACT) nanoarrays are created as electrodes for symmetrical EDLCs using nanoporous 3D-AAO template-assisted chemical vapor deposition of carbon. The 3D-CACT electrodes demonstrate a high surface area of 253.0 m2 g−1, a D/G band intensity ratio of 0.94, and a C/O atomic ratio of 8. As a result, the high-density 3D-CT nanoarray-based sandwich-type EDLCs demonstrate a record high specific areal capacitance of 3.23 mF cm−2 at 120 Hz and exceptional fast frequency response due to the vertically aligned and highly ordered nanoarray of closely packed CT units. The 3D-CT nanoarray electrode-based EDLCs could serve as line filters in integrated circuits, aiding power system miniaturization.
Application of Artificial Intelligence to the Alert of Explosions in Colombian Underground Mines
Authors: Vallejo-Molina Luis , Blandon-Montes Astrid , Lopez Sebastian , Molina-Escobar Jorge , Ortiz Andres , Soto David , Torero Jose , Toro Alejandro , Molina Alejandro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), in alerting possible scenarios of methane explosions in Colombian underground mines is illustrated by the analysis of an explosion that killed twelve miners. A combination of geological analysis, a detailed characterization of samples of coal dust and scene evidence, and an analysis with physical modeling tools supported the hypothesis of the existence of an initial methane explosion ignited by an unprotected tool that was followed by a coal dust explosion. The fact that one victim had a portable methane detector at the moment of the methane explosion suggested that the ubiquitous use of these systems in Colombian mines could be used to alert regulatory agencies of a possible methane explosion. This fact was illustrated with the generation of a database of possible readouts of methane concentration based on the recreation of the mine atmosphere before the explosion with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This database was used to train and test an ANN that included an input layer with two nodes, two hidden layers, each with eight nodes, and an output layer with one node. The inner layers applied a rectified linear unit activation function and the output layer a Sigmoid function. The performance of the ANN algorithm was considered acceptable as it correctly predicted the need for an explosion alert in 971.9 per thousand cases and illustrated how AI can process data that is currently discarded but that can be of importance to alert about methane explosions.
Evidence on price stickiness in Japan
Authors: Ueda Kozo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUsing microdata from the Retail Price Survey (the basic statistics for the Consumer Price Index), we document facts regarding price stickiness in Japan. The main results are as follows: (1) The average frequency of price changes approximates $$20\%$$

20
%

on a monthly basis. (2) The frequency of price changes is more heterogeneous than that in the US (3) Whereas no clear relationship exists between the frequency and size of price changes, a positive correlation emerges between the size of price changes and price dispersion across stores. (4) Large cities tend to have a higher frequency of price changes and smaller price dispersion than small cities. (5) A positive relationship exists between price changes and jobs-to-applicants ratio for some services. (6) Behind the 2022–2023 price increase, the frequency of price changes exhibits a notable increase for certain goods and services such as eating out, while no distinct change is observed for the size of price changes or price dispersion.
Indikationen für die Cholezystektomie
Authors: Weber Lorenz , Gutknecht Stefan , Weber Markus 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungMit 191 Operationen pro 100.000 Einwohner jährlich ist die Cholezystektomie eine der häufigsten Operationen in der Schweiz. Die richtige Indikationsstellung ist zum Teil die grössere Herausforderung als der Eingriff selber. Bei asymptomatischer Cholezystolithiasis ist die Indikation nur in speziellen Situationen gegeben, wie bei der Porzellangallenblase, bei grossen Gallensteinen > 3 cm, bei Gallenblasenpolypen ab 10 mm sowie bei Gallensteinen im Rahmen eines grossen Abdominaleingriffs. Bei typischen biliären Symptomen sollte aufgrund der Beschwerdelast sowie möglichen biliären Komplikationen elektiv operiert werden. Eine Cholezystektomie ist notfallmässig bei der akuten Cholezystitis und zeitnahe bei der milden biliären Pankreatitis zu planen. Ebenso ist bei der Choledocholithiasis eine Cholezystektomie innert 3 Tagen nach Steinsanierung anzustreben. Nach Gallenblasendrainage bei Hochrisikopatienten respektive nach schwerer, nekrotisierender, biliärer Pankreatitis ist die Cholezystektomie im Intervall zu planen, insbesondere bei der Pankreatitis beträgt das ideale Intervall frühestens 8 Wochen.
Measure-operator convolutions and applications to mixed-state Gabor multipliers
Authors: Feichtinger Hans G. , Halvdansson Simon , Luef Franz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFor the Weyl-Heisenberg group, convolutions between functions and operators were defined by Werner as a part of a framework called quantum harmonic analysis. We show how recent results by Feichtinger can be used to extend this definition to include convolutions between measures and operators. Many properties of function-operator convolutions carry over to this setting and allow us to prove novel results on the distribution of eigenvalues of mixed-state Gabor multipliers and derive a version of the Berezin-Lieb inequality for lattices. New results on the continuity of Gabor multipliers with respect to lattice parameters, masks and windows as well as their ability to approximate localization operators are also derived using this framework.
The effect of long chain n-3 fatty acid supplementation on muscle strength in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Timraz M. , Binmahfoz A. , Quinn T. J , Combet E. , Gary S. 
Published: July 2024

Muscle strength and mass decline as we age, typically starting around 35–40 years, and can eventually lead to the development of sarcopenia(1). There are currently no effective drug treatments available for either the prevention or treatment of this condition(2) and whilst resistance exercise has efficacy(3) its effectiveness is limited due to issues with uptake and adherence(4). However, emerging research suggests that nutrition may offer a potentially effective approach to delay the age-related decline in muscle mass and function among older individuals(5), with LCn-3 PUFA emerging as a strong candidate.The main objective of the current study was to perform a systematic literature review with the purpose of exploring the impact of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCn-3 PUFA) relative to control oil supplementation on muscle strength, with secondary outcomes of muscle mass and physical function in older individuals under conditions of habitual physical activity/exercise.The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021267011) and followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement(6). The search for relevant studies was performed utilizing databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to June 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in older adults comparing the effects of LCn-3 PUFA with a control oil supplement on muscle strength were included.Five studies(7,8,9,10,11) involving a total of 488 participants (348 females and 140 males) were identified that met the specified inclusion criteria and were included. Upon analyzing the collective data from these studies, it was observed that supplementation with LCn-3 PUFA did not have a significant impact on grip strength (standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.61, 95% confidence interval [−0.05, 1.27]; p = 0.07) in comparison to the control group. However, there was a considerable level of heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 90%; p < 0.001). As secondary outcomes were only measured in a few studies, with significant heterogeneity in methods, meta-analyses of muscle mass and functional abilities were not performed. Papers with measures of knee extensor muscle mass as an outcome (n = 3) found increases with LCn-3 PUFA supplementation, but studies measuring whole body lean/muscle mass (n = 2) and functional abilities (n = 4) reported mixed results.With a limited number of studies, our data indicate that LCn-3 PUFA supplementation has no effect on muscle strength or functional abilities in older adults but may increase muscle mass, although, with only a few studies and considerable heterogeneity, further work is needed to confirm these findings.
Role of gastrointestinal appetite hormones in the success of body mass loss during interventions based on exercise combined with restricted energy intake diets with different fat and carbohydrate content
Authors: Almesbehi T. , Alblaji M. , Edwards C. , Malkova D. 
Published: July 2024

Restriction of energy intake is an effective strategy for achieving body mass loss(1). However, it leads to gastrointestinal appetite hormonal changes, which are expected to enhance hunger, reduce satiety, and possibly impair the ability to comply with prescribed intervention(2). Exercise interventions, on the other hand, did not modify gastrointestinal appetite hormones(3) and there is some evidence that postprandial appetite hormone responses after a low carbohydrate-high fat meal (LCHF) are more favorable than after high carbohydrate-low fat meal (HCLF) meal (4). This study investigated how energy-restricted diets based on LCHF and HCLF meals and combined with exercise affect body weight, and gastrointestinal appetite hormones and explored the relationship between body mass changes and changes in gastrointestinal appetite hormones.Twenty-seven overweight and obese females (age: 35 ± 9.35 years, BMI: 31.64 ± 5.08 kg/m2) completed a randomized parallel design study and underwent a 4-week intervention consisting of brisk walking combined with either consumption of calorie-restricted HCLF or LCHF diet. Participants underwent a 5-hour experimental trial before and after the interventions, which included body weight measurements and fasting and postprandial blood sample collection for gastrointestinal appetite hormone measurements.Both interventions significantly reduced body mass (HCLF group, −2.1 ± 1.7 Kg: LCHF group, -1.7 ± 1.7 Kg, P < 0.05 for both groups), but changes between the groups were not significant (P>0.05). Body mass changes were individual and ranged from -0.4 kg to −5.3 kg and from +1 kg to −4.4 kg in the HCLF and LCHF groups, respectively. The interventions had no impact on mean values of time- averaged postprandial concentrations of ghrelin, PYY, and GLP-1 but there was large individual variability in changes of these hormones. Results combined from both groups revealed that changes in ghrelin ranged from +549.3 to -407.7 pg/ml, in PYY from −132.5 to + 96.4 pg/ml and in GLP-1 from −6.6 to +19.5 pg/ml. Correlation, investigated on the data from both groups combined, between changes in body mass and changes in ghrelin (r = −0.18, P= 0.41), PYY (r = −0.04, P =0.87), and GLP-1 (r = 0.11, P = 0.64) were not significant.In conclusion, the extent of body mass loss during interventions based on restricted energy intake diets combined with exercise is not related to the carbohydrate and fat content of the diet. Our findings also suggest that the success of body mass loss cannot be predicted by changes in postprandial concentrations of gastrointestinal appetite hormones.
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess dose-dependent effects of blueberries on blood pressure, glucose and cognition
Authors: Ellis L. , Bosch C. , Dye L. 
Published: July 2024

Obesity can increase the risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease(1). Glucose control is critical to both preventing and managing diabetes and can be achieved by enhancing secretion of insulin, limiting absorption of glucose from the gut and by upregulating the use of glucose in the muscles(2). Abnormalities in glucose management(3) and blood pressure control(4) are known to impair cognitive function. Epidemiological studies report an inverse risk of type 2 diabetes with increased intake of polyphenols. These data are also supported by in vitro and animal studies reporting positive effects of polyphenols on insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate digestion and glucose regulation(5). Here we aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose metabolism, blood pressure and cognitive function following a high carbohydrate meal accompanied by different doses of anthocyanin containing blueberry drinks.A double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response study was designed and received ethical approval and 22 participants were recruited. Each participant attended four study days in a crossover design, separated by a minimum of 5 days during which, they consumed a high carbohydrate meal consisting of two slices of toast and one of three doses of blueberry beverage or a control beverage. Memory performance was assessed using the visual verbal learning test (VVLT), measured at baseline and 90 minutes post consumption. Glucose was monitored every 15 minutes using a continuous glucose monitor which was worn across 10 days, and blood pressure was assessed every 30 minutes for a period of 4 hours in the laboratory. Glucose area under the curve (AUC) were analysed using linear mixed models. Blood pressure and VVLT data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA.The analysis was performed blind to condition. In total, 22 participants completed all four study visits (mean age 28 ± 5.9, mean weight 61kg ± 10.4, mean height, 1.64m ± 0.9, mean BMI 22.7 ± 2.27, N=20 female, N=2 male). There was a significant effect of treatment on total words recalled in the VVLT with best performance following condition B compared to condition C, and condition D compared to condition C (p < 0.05). Condition B also resulted in significant systolic blood pressure lowering compared to condition C (-2.47mmHg, P <0.003). There was no effect of treatment on area under the curve for glucose over 3 hours postprandial (p > 0.05).Taken together these results suggest that condition B conferred greatest benefit for memory performance and that this was associated with anthocyanin related effects on systolic blood pressure.This study was funded by the Wild Blueberry Association of North America (WBANA).
Nutritional assessment of the diets of prisoners in Young Offender Institutions
Authors: Poulter M. , Coe S. , Graham C-AM , Stein J. , Tammam J. 
Published: July 2024

Adequate nutrition is necessary for overall health and development(1). Prisoners in general lack autonomy over their diet, in addition to being a population with a high risk of poor health outcomes(2, 3). It is important therefore that prisons are offered menus which meet dietary reference values (DRVs), as set by the UK government, aiming for equity with the general population, and that prisoners choose food options that are beneficial for their health. The aim of this study was to conduct a nutritional analysis of prisoners’ food diaries to determine whether dietary recommendations were being met.Seven-day food diaries were collected from prisoners eating the normal food supplied by three young offender institutions in 2009. Food eaten was analysed using DietPlan6 version 6.0 (Forestfield Software Ltd). Individual nutrient data were tested for normality and compared against the UK DRVs and NDNS data from 2008/9 using either the one-sample T-test, or one-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Data in the results is presented as (Mean ± SD).There were n=466 diaries analysed, from male participants aged between 16 to 24 years. Twenty- eight nutrients were compared with their respective DRVs by age categories: 16-18y (n=156), 19-24y (n=310), and 16-24y (n=466).For ages 16-24y, chloride (5556 ± 1692mg), folate (302 ± 112ug), iodine (195 ± 81ug), monounsaturated fat (35 ± 10g), potassium (3667 ± 1161mg), sodium (3899 ± 1392mg), sugar (136 ± 73g), riboflavin (2 ± 1mg), vitamin B12 (6 ± 4ug), vitamin C (92 ± 63mg), and zinc (11 ± 3mg) exceeded DRV requirements (P<0.01). Carbohydrates (53 ± 5%E), saturated fat (12 ± 5%E), and sugar (19 ± 9%E) all exceeded their DRVs (P<0.05). Vitamin A (553 ± 531ug) and fibre (15 ± 6g) were found 24% and 18% lower than the DRVs, respectively (P<0.01). Fat (34 ± 5%E), polyunsaturated fat (6 ± 1%E), and protein (14 ± 2%E), as a percent of energy, were below the DRV by 3%, 8%, and 7% respectively (P<0.01). Magnesium (301 ± 107mg) was equal to the DRV (P=0.81).For 16-18, and 19-24 respectively, calcium (1286 ± 928mg; 1337 ± 489mg), copper (1 ± 0.6mg; 2 ± 0.6mg), iron (14 ± 5mg; 15 ± 6mg), niacin (19 ± 7mg; 21 ± 7mg), phosphorus (1545 ± 381mg; 1620 ± 493mg), protein (96 ± 24g; 100 ± 29g), thiamine (2 ± 0.6mg; 2 ± 0.7mg), and vitamin B6 (2.3 ± 0.7ug; 3 ± 0.9ug) exceeded their DRV (P<0.01). For 16-18y, energy (kcals) was equal to the DRV (2748 ± 787kcal, P=0.91). For years 19-24y, energy (kcal) exceeded the DRV (2931 ± 939kcal, P<0.01).This study represents the largest assessment of dietary intake of prisoners and demonstrates that the prison catering, for the most part, met the DRVs. However, sugar, fat, and energy intake exceeded their DRV target, posing clear risks to health by possibly contributing to later obesity, hypertension, Type 2 diabetes and heart disease.
Quantifying Drivers of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Dissolved Oxygen in the Canada Basin Mixed Layer
Authors: Arroyo Ashley , Timmermans Mary‐Louise , DeGrandpre Mike 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnalysis of dissolved oxygen (O2) in the Arctic's surface ocean provides insights into gas transfer between the atmosphere‐ice‐ocean system, water mass dynamics, and biogeochemical processes. In the Arctic Ocean's Canada Basin mixed layer, higher O2 concentrations are generally observed under sea ice compared to open water regions. Annual cycles of O2 and O2 saturation, increasing from summer through spring and then sharply declining to late summer, are tightly linked to sea ice cover. The primary fluxes that influence seasonal variability of O2 are modeled and compared to Ice‐Tethered Profiler O2 observations to understand the relative role of each flux in the annual cycle. Findings suggest that sea ice melt/growth dominates seasonal variations in mixed layer O2, with minor contributions from vertical entrainment and atmospheric exchange. While the influence of biological activity on O2 variability cannot be directly assessed, indirect evidence suggests relatively minor contributions, although with significant uncertainty. Past studies show that O2 molecules are expelled from sea ice during brine rejection; sea ice cover can then inhibit air‐sea gas exchange resulting in winter mixed layers that are super‐saturated. Decreasing mixed layer O2 concentrations and saturation levels are observed during winter months between 2007 and 2019 in the Canada Basin. Only a minor portion of the decreasing trend in wintertime O2 can be attributed to decreased solubility. This suggests the O2 decline may be linked to more efficient air‐sea exchange associated with increased open water areas in the winter sea ice pack that are not necessarily detectable via satellite observations.
Influenza A virus during pregnancy disrupts maternal intestinal immunity and fetal cortical development in a dose- and time-dependent manner
Authors: Otero Ashley M. , Connolly Meghan G. , Gonzalez-Ricon Rafael J. , Wang Selena S. , Allen Jacob M. , Antonson Adrienne M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEpidemiological studies link exposure to viral infection during pregnancy, including influenza A virus (IAV) infection, with increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in offspring. Models of maternal immune activation (MIA) using viral mimetics demonstrate that activation of maternal intestinal T helper 17 (TH17) cells, which produce effector cytokine interleukin (IL)-17, leads to aberrant fetal brain development, such as neocortical malformations. Fetal microglia and border-associated macrophages (BAMs) also serve as potential cellular mediators of MIA-induced cortical abnormalities. However, neither the inflammation-induced TH17 cell pathway nor fetal brain-resident macrophages have been thoroughly examined in models of live viral infection during pregnancy. Here, we inoculated pregnant mice with two infectious doses of IAV and evaluated peak innate and adaptive immune responses in the dam and fetus. While respiratory IAV infection led to dose-dependent maternal colonic shortening and microbial dysregulation, there was no elevation in intestinal TH17 cells nor IL-17. Systemically, IAV resulted in consistent dose- and time-dependent increases in IL-6 and IFN-γ. Fetal cortical abnormalities and global changes in fetal brain transcripts were observable in the high-but not the moderate-dose IAV group. Profiling of fetal microglia and BAMs revealed dose- and time-dependent differences in the numbers of meningeal but not choroid plexus BAMs, while microglial numbers and proliferative capacity of Iba1+ cells remained constant. Fetal brain-resident macrophages increased phagocytic CD68 expression, also in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Taken together, our findings indicate that certain features of MIA are conserved between mimetic and live virus models, while others are not. Overall, we provide consistent evidence of an infection severity threshold for downstream maternal inflammation and fetal cortical abnormalities, which recapitulates a key feature of the epidemiological data and further underscores the importance of using live pathogens in NDD modeling to better evaluate the complete immune response and to improve translation to the clinic.