bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intake and sources of dietary fatty acids in Europe: Are current population intakes of fats aligned with dietary recommendations?
Authors: Eilander Ans , Harika Rajwinder K. , Zock Peter L. 
Published: July 2015

The development of food‐based dietary guidelines for prevention of cardiovascular diseases requires knowledge of the contribution of common foods to SFA and PUFA intake. We systematically reviewed available data from European countries on population intakes and dietary sources of total fat, SFA, and PUFA. Data from national dietary surveys or population studies published >1995 were searched through Medline, Web of Science, and websites of national public health institutes. Mean population intakes were compared with FAO/WHO dietary recommendations, and contributions of major food groups to overall intakes of fat and fatty acids were calculated. Fatty acid intake data from 24 European countries were included. Reported mean intakes ranged from 28.5 to 46.2% of total energy (%E) for total fat, from 8.9 to 15.5%E for SFA, from 3.9 to 11.3%E for PUFA. The mean intakes met the recommendation for total fat (20–35%E) in 15 countries, and for SFA (<10%E) in two countries, and for PUFA (6–11%E) in 15 of the 24 countries. The main three dietary sources of total fat and SFA were dairy, added fats and oils, and meat and meat products. The majority of PUFA in the diet was provided by added fats and oils, followed by cereals and cereal products, and meat and meat products.Practical applications: While many European countries meet the recommended intake levels for total fat and PUFA, a large majority of European population exceeds the widely recommended maximum 10%E for SFA. In particular animal based products, such as dairy, animal fats, and fatty meat contribute to SFA intake. Adhering to food‐based dietary guidelines for prevention of CHD and other chronic diseases in Europe, including eating less fatty meats, low‐fat instead of full‐fat dairy, and more vegetable fats and oils will help to reduce SFA intake and at the same time increase PUFA intake.In European countries, SFA intakes are generally higher than the recommended <10%E and PUFA intakes lower than the recommended 6–11%E. Adhering to food‐based dietary guidelines for prevention of CHD and other chronic diseases including eating leaner variants of meat and dairy, and more vegetable fats and oils will help to decrease SFA intake and increase PUFA intake.
Methodology for Synthesis of Enantiopure 3,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrol‐2‐ones
Authors: Krenk Ondřej , Kratochvíl Jiří , Špulák Marcel , Buchta Vladimír , Kuneš Jiří , Nováková Lucie , Ghavre Mukund , Pour Milan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA new synthetic route towards chiral 3,5‐disubstituted pyrrol‐2‐ones by starting from amino acids has been developed. The sequence features the conversion of amino acids into their corresponding alkynoic acid derivative followed by a Pd‐catalyzed hydrostannylation of the triple bond and Stille cross‐coupling reaction. A series of lactam analogues of antifungal 3‐(aryl)‐5‐hydroxymethyl‐2,5‐dihydrofuran‐2‐ones have thus been prepared.
[1,2,5]Selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines: Synthesis from 3,4‐Diamino‐1,2,5‐selena­diazole and Generation of Persistent Radical Anions
Authors: Konstantinova Lidia S. , Bobkova Irina E. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Chulanova Elena A. , Irtegova Irina G. , Vasilieva Nadezhda V. , Camacho Paula S. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Hua Guoxiong , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Woollins J. Derek , Zibarev Andrey V. , Rakitin Oleg A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPreviously unknown 3,4‐diamino‐1,2,5‐selenadiazole (6) was prepared by hydrolysis of [1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐c][1,2,5]selenadiazole (7b) and used in synthesis of novel 1,2,5‐selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines by the Koerner–Hinsberg reaction covering the parent compound 4 and its substituted derivatives 5a–g. The compounds synthesized were characterized by solution and solid‐state 77Se NMR, and 6, 5‐Ph and 5,6‐Me2[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines (5a, g, respectively) by X‐ray diffraction. Electrochemical reduction of 5,6‐R2[1,2,5]selenadiazolo[3,4‐b]pyrazines 5c, g (R = Ph, Me) into novel persistent radical anions (RAs) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and the RAs [5c]– and [5g]– were characterized by EPR spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Alkylation of Heteroaryl Bromides: One‐Pot Access to Alkylthiophenes, ‐furans, ‐selenophenes, and ‐pyrroles
Authors: Cai Deng‐Jhou , Lin Po‐Han , Liu Ching‐Yuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA practical and convenient Co‐catalyzed alkylation method for the facile introduction of various alkyl chains into organic electronically significant heteroaryl compounds, including thiophenes, furans, selenophenes, and pyrroles, is reported. Under well‐optimized reaction conditions, a wide range of alkylated heteroaryl compounds have beeen efficiently prepared in moderate to good isolated yields. Notably, 2‐ or 3‐alkylthiophenes, which play a decisive role in polymer chemistry and organic materials, have been synthesized step‐economically for the first time by this reductive‐coupling methodology using inexpensive cobalt salts as catalysts. This straightforward synthetic procedure avoids the preparation of moisture‐unstable organometallic reagents (RMgX or RZnX) required in conventional alkylation protocols.
Electrochemical Determination of Cu(II) Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polyhistidine
Authors: Dalmasso Pablo R. , Pedano María L. , Rivas Gustavo A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report the sensitive and selective quantification of Cu(II) at glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in polyhistidine (Polyhis), (GCE/MWCNTPolyhis) based on the complexation of Cu(II) by the histidine residues and further reduction by Differential Pulse Voltammetry in acetate buffer solution. The sensitivity was (3.6±0.3)×106 µA M−1, the reproducibility 6.6 %, and the detection limit 75 nM (4.8 µg L−1). The quantification of Cu(II) was highly selective even in the presence of excess of Cd(II), Zn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), Fe(III), Al(III), Pb(II), Cr(III), Mn(II), and Ag(I). The proposed sensor was successfully used for quantifying Cu(II) in tap‐water and groundwater samples without any pretreatment.
Mesoporous Materials‐Based Electrochemical Enzymatic Biosensors
Authors: Etienne Mathieu , Zhang Lin , Vilà Neus , Walcarius Alain 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis review (239 references) is dealing with the use of mesoporous materials in the field of electrochemical enzymatic biosensors. After a brief discussion on the interest of mesoporous materials for electrochemical biosensing, a presentation of the various types of inorganic and organic‐inorganic hybrid mesostructures used to date in the elaboration of enzymatic bioelectrodes is given and the main bioelectrode configurations are described. The various biosensor applications are then summarized on the basis of a comprehensive table and some representative illustrations. The main detection schemes developed in the field are based on amperometry and mediated electrocatalysis, as well as some on spectroelectrochemistry.
Application of a Modified CuO Nanoparticles Carbon Paste Electrode for Simultaneous Determination of Isoperenaline, Acetaminophen and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine
Authors: Beitollahi Hadi , Nekooei Samira 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA 1‐[2‐hydroxynaphthylazo]‐6‐nitro‐2‐naphthol‐4‐sulfonate/ CuO nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode (HNNSCCPE) was constructed and the electro‐oxidation of isoprenaline at the surface of the modified electrode was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under the optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric peak current of isoprenaline increased linearly with isoprenaline concentrations in the range of 1.0×10−7 to 7.0×10−4 M and detection limit of 5.0×10−8 M was obtained for isoprenaline. The prepared modified electrode exhibits a very good resolution between the voltammetric peaks of isoprenaline, acetaminophen and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine which makes it suitable for the detection of isoprenaline in the presence of acetaminophen and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine in real samples.
The Importance of Being Timely
Authors: Smith Paul 
Published: July 2015

AbstractPolicymakers want to know about real‐time economy performance. However, closely watched macroeconomic time series produced by national statistics offices are published infrequently, with a time lag and subject to revision. Such issues create uncertainty in tracking economic developments, a by‐product of which is to raise the value of business and consumer surveys. Although providing less granularity than official data series, the surveys are released in a timelier manner and are subject to little revision. Using real‐time data sourced from the Deutsche Bundesbank, the OECD and the Office for National Statistics, an assessment of the role that the popular and widely used Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) play in reducing forecasting errors in a simple ‘nowcasting’ framework is undertaken. The empirical exercise is conducted for five developed economies and also covers the period of the Great Recession. The conclusion is clear: timing matters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating the linkage between streamflow recession rates and channel network contraction in a mesoscale catchment in New York state
Authors: Shaw Stephen B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe rate of recession (dQ/dt) in a given time interval has long been plotted in log–log space against the concurrent mean discharge (Qavg). Recent interpretations of these dQ/dt–Qavg plots have sought to look at curves for individual events instead of the data cloud from all the data points together. These individual recession curves have been observed to have near‐constant slope but to have varying intercepts, features hypothesized to possibly be explained by the nature of the contraction of the active channel network during recession. For a steep, 150‐ha forested catchment in central New York state with an 8.8‐km channel network, changes in the active channel network were mapped between April and November 2013. Streamflow recession occurred in a matter of days, but changes in the active channel network occurred over a matter of weeks. Thus, in this catchment, it does not appear that channel contraction directly controls recession. Additionally, field observations indicate that dry down did not occur in a spatially organized, sequential way such that the upper end of higher‐order streams dried first. Instead, the location of groundwater seeps, in part, controlled the active portion of the channel network. Consistent with the presence of different types of flow contributing zones, the paper presents a conceptual model that consists of multiple parallel reservoirs of varying drainage rate and varying degrees of recharge at different times of the year. This conceptual model is able to reproduce a slope of 2 and a seasonal shift in intercept typical of individual recession curves. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State Dependence and Stickiness of Sovereign Credit Ratings: Evidence from a Panel of Countries
Authors: Dimitrakopoulos Stefanos , Kolossiatis Michalis 
Published: July 2015

SummaryUsing data from Moody's, we examine three sources of sovereign credit ratings persistence: true state dependence, spurious state dependence and serial error correlation. Accounting for ratings persistence, we also examine whether ratings were sticky or procyclical for two major crises: the European debt crisis and the East Asian crisis. We set up a dynamic panel ordered probit model with autocorrelated disturbances and nonparametrically distributed random effects. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm is designed for model estimation. We find evidence of stickiness of ratings and of the three sources of ratings persistence, with the true state dependence being weak. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antimicrobial agent triclosan is a proton ionophore uncoupler of mitochondria in living rat and human mast cells and in primary human keratinocytes
Authors: Weatherly Lisa M. , Shim Juyoung , Hashmi Hina N. , Kennedy Rachel H. , Hess Samuel T. , Gosse Julie A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTriclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial used widely in hospitals and personal care products, at ~10 mm. Human skin efficiently absorbs TCS. Mast cells are ubiquitous key players both in physiological processes and in disease, including asthma, cancer and autism. We previously showed that non‐cytotoxic levels of TCS inhibit degranulation, the release of histamine and other mediators, from rat basophilic leukemia mast cells (RBL‐2H3), and in this study, we replicate this finding in human mast cells (HMC‐1.2). Our investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect led to the discovery that TCS disrupts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in RBL‐2H3 cells in glucose‐free, galactose‐containing media (95% confidence interval EC50 = 7.5–9.7 µm), without causing cytotoxicity. Using these same glucose‐free conditions, 15 µm TCS dampens RBL‐2H3 degranulation by 40%. The same ATP disruption was found with human HMC‐1.2 cells (EC50 4.2–13.7 µm), NIH‐3 T3 mouse fibroblasts (EC50 4.8–7.4 µm) and primary human keratinocytes (EC50 3.0–4.1 µm) all with no cytotoxicity. TCS increases oxygen consumption rate in RBL‐2H3 cells. Known mitochondrial uncouplers (e.g., carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone) previously were found to inhibit mast cell function. TCS‐methyl, which has a methyl group in place of the TCS ionizable proton, affects neither degranulation nor ATP production at non‐cytotoxic doses. Thus, the effects of TCS on mast cell function are due to its proton ionophore structure. In addition, 5 µm TCS inhibits thapsigargin‐stimulated degranulation of RBL‐2H3 cells: further evidence that TCS disrupts mast cell signaling. Our data indicate that TCS is a mitochondrial uncoupler, and TCS may affect numerous cell types and functions via this mechanism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The difficult road to new vaccines for pertussis and serogroup B meningococcal disease
Authors: Gorringe Andrew R 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDevelopment of vaccines should be a well‐trodden path in which possible diversions and roadblocks should be clearly understood. However, challenges and unexpected twists and turns are not uncommon in modern vaccine development. In this perspective the considerable uncertainties for development of third generation pertussis vaccines will be discussed along with related issues in the development of new vaccines for the prevention of serogroup B meningococcal (MenB) disease. Acellular pertussis vaccines developed in the 1980s showed good efficacy in large clinical trials and whooping cough was at historically low levels in the last decade of the 20th century in most countries where the vaccines are used. However, the unexpected resurgence in cases in several countries has questioned the ability of current acellular pertussis vaccines to provide long‐term protection against the disease. For MenB vaccines the initial challenge has been to identify antigens that will induce protection against the diverse collection of isolates that cause disease. Following this there have been significant challenges to determine potential breadth of strain coverage. Furthermore, there has been a drop in the incidence of MenB disease in countries considering implementation of the new MenB vaccines making cost effectiveness a more difficult case to argue. It is likely that lessons learnt in the development and use of both pertussis and MenB vaccines will inform the future of vaccines for these two diseases. © 2015 Crown copyright. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Surrogate‐assisted design optimization of photonic directional couplers
Authors: Bekasiewicz Adrian , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: July 2015

SummaryIn this paper, computationally efficient simulation‐driven design optimization of integrated photonic couplers is discussed. The design process is conducted using variable‐fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulations and surrogate‐based optimization (SBO) techniques. Two design case studies are considered: conventional directional coupler and a curved coupler. A particular choice of the SBO approach relies on a visual inspection of the low‐ and high‐fidelity coupler model responses as well as their correlations. The first structure is optimized using adaptively adjusted design specifications technique. Because of limited correlations between the high‐ and low‐fidelity EM models of the second structure, its optimal design is obtained using the additive response correction method. Subsequently, the design is fine‐tuned using local response surface approximations. As demonstrated through numerical results, utilization of the SBO techniques allows for considerable reduction of the design optimization time compared with direct handling of the high‐fidelity model. The total optimization cost of conventional and curved coupler corresponds to only 13.5 and 23.7 high‐fidelity model simulations, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hidden image display which required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image
Authors: Hong Hyungki 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStenography is to conceal the hidden information within another information such that the hidden information can be extracted by the special technique. A steganographic display that required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image was newly proposed. In this hidden‐image display, the viewers wearing the special eyeglass can observe the hidden image, while the viewer with the naked eye can not discern the hidden image. Working principle and the calculation scheme for the generation of input images was investigated. The estimation of the normalized luminance for the gray levels of each pixel on the display was required for the calculation. The concept was experimentally verified using the commercial 3D display based on the patterned retarder and the polarizing eyeglass.
The Study of Nonisothermal Kinetics of Dehydration of Gibbsite in a Mixture with Zinc Oxide
Authors: Prokof'ev Valery Yu. , Petuhova Nina V. , Gordina Natalya E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTNonisothermal kinetics of dehydration of gibbsite in a mixture with zinc oxide has been studied by Friedman analysis (differential method) and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa analysis (integral method). The values of the activation energy and preexponential factor depending on the decomposition extent of gibbsite to boehmite have been determined. It has been shown that both methods give similar results. It has been established that the activation energy has a maximum value of 150–170 kJ/mol in the start stages of thermolysis (for conversion extent of less than 0.3). During further dehydration, the activation energy is reduced to 100–110 kJ/mol. It has been found that comilling of the mixture results in decreasing activation energy to 40–50 kJ/mol for a conversion extent more than 0.8. This testifies to the transition of the dehydration process out of the kinetic mode to the diffusion mode. It was explained by the accumulation of mechanical energy in the form defects of crystal lattice of gibbsite at the comilling stage.
Shock Tube Measurements of the Rate Constant of the Reaction NCN + O2
Authors: Faßheber Nancy , Friedrichs Gernot 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe rate constant of the comparably slow bimolecular NCN radical reaction NCN + O2 has been measured for the first time under combustion relevant conditions using the shock tube method. The thermal decomposition of cyanogen azide (NCN3) served as a clean high‐temperature source of NCN radicals. NCN concentration–time profiles have been detected by narrow‐bandwidth laser absorption at cm−1. The experiments behind incident shock waves have been performed with up to 17% O2 in the reaction gas mixture. At such high O2 mole fractions, it was necessary to take O2 relaxation into account that caused a gradual decrease of the temperature during the experiment. Moreover, following fast decomposition of NCN3 and collision‐induced intersystem crossing of the initially formed singlet NCN to its triplet ground state, an unexpected and slow additional formation of triplet NCN has been observed on a 100‐μs timescale. This delayed NCN formation was attributed to a fast recombination of 1NCN with O2 forming a 3NCNOO adduct acting as a reservoir species for NCN. Rate constant data for the reaction NCN + O2 have been measured at temperatures between 1674 and 2308 K. They are best represented by the Arrhenius expression . No pressure dependence has been observed at pressures between 216 and 706 mbar.
Disease‐modifying strategies for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kalia Lorraine V. , Kalia Suneil K. , Lang Anthony E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly prevalent and progressively disabling neurodegenerative disease. The impact of PD on patients and their families as well as its burden on health care systems could be substantially reduced by disease‐modifying therapies that slow the rate of neurodegeneration or stop the disease process. Multiple agents have been studied in clinical trials designed to assess disease modification in PD, but all have failed. Over the last 3 years, clinical trials investigating the potential of adeno‐associated virus serotype 2 (AAV)‐neuturin, coenzyme Q10, creatine, pramipexole, and pioglitazone reported negative findings or futility. Despite these disappointments, progress has been made by expanding our understanding of molecular pathways involved in PD to reveal new targets, and by developing novel animal models of PD for preclinical studies. Currently, at least eight ongoing clinical trials are testing the promise of isradipine, caffeine, nicotine, glutathione, AAV2‐glial cell‐line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), as well as active and passive immunization against α‐synuclein (α‐Syn). In this review, we summarize the clinical trials of disease‐modifying therapies for PD that were published since 2013 as well as clinical trials currently in progress. We also discuss promising approaches and ongoing challenges in this area of PD research. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cheminformatics Based Machine Learning Models for AMA1‐RON2 Abrogators for Inhibiting Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Invasion
Authors: Maindola Priyank , Jamal Salma , Grover Abhinav 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMalaria remains a dreadful disease by putting every year about 3.4 billion people at risk and resulting into mortality of 627 thousand people worldwide. Existing therapies based upon Quinines and Artemisinin‐based combination therapies have started showing resistance, pressing the need for search of anti‐malarials with different mechanisms of action. In this respect erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium is immensely crucial, as being obligate intracellular parasite it must invade host cells. This process is mediated by interaction between conserved Apical Membrane Antigen (AMA1) and Rhoptry Neck (RON2) protein, which is compulsory for successful invasion of erythrocyte by Plasmodium and manifestation of the disease Malaria. Here, using the physicochemical properties of the compounds available from a confirmatory high throughput screening, which were tested for their disruption capability of this crucial molecular interaction, we trained supervised classifiers and validated their robustness by various statistical parameters. Best model was used for screening new compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Database. Some of the best hits already find their use as anti‐malarials and the model predicts that an essential part of their effectiveness is likely due to inhibition of AMA1‐RON2 interaction. Pharmacophoric features have also been identified to ease further designing of possible leads in an effective way.