bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combined impact of migraine and gestational diabetes on long‐term risk of premature myocardial infarction and stroke: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Fuglsang Cecilia H. , Pedersen Lars , Schmidt Morten , Vandenbroucke Jan P. , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the combined impact of migraine and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the risks of premature (persons aged ≤60 years) major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) based on a composite endpoint of fatal and non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.BackgroundMigraine and GDM are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It is unknown how the combination of migraine and GDM may affect cardiovascular disease risk.MethodsIn a Danish population‐based cohort longitudinal study, we established four cohorts among women with at least one pregnancy during 1996–2018: women with migraine, women with GDM, women with both migraine and GDM, and women free of migraine and free of GDM. Risks of premature MACCE and component endpoints were assessed for each cohort.ResultsWe included 1,307,456 women free of migraine and free of GDM, 56,811 women with migraine, 24,700 women with GDM, and 1484 women with migraine and GDM. The 20‐year absolute risk of MACCE was 1.3% (MI: 0.4%, ischemic stroke: 0.6%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.3%) among women free of migraine and free of GDM, 2.3% (MI: 0.8%, ischemic stroke: 1.2%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.5%) among women with migraine, 2.2% (MI: 1.0%, ischemic stroke: 1.0%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.4%) among women with GDM, and 3.7% (MI: 1.7%, ischemic stroke: 1.7%, hemorrhagic stroke: 0.3%) among women with both migraine and GDM. The 20‐year adjusted hazard ratio of premature MACCE was 1.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49–1.82) for women with migraine; 1.64 (95% CI 1.37–1.96) for women with GDM; and 2.35 (95% CI 1.03–5.36) for women with both GDM and migraine when compared with women free of migraine and free of GDM.ConclusionsMigraine and GDM were each independently associated with an increased risk of MACCE. Risk of premature MACCE was greatest among women with both migraine and GDM, although this risk estimate was imprecise.
Exploring Chinese as a second language learners’ motivational factors: Influence of selves and contexts
Authors: Li Junzhe , Tsung Linda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe past decades have witnessed a significant increase in the number of global Chinese as a second language (L2) learners. Accompanying the surge is the growing body of research on their motivational factors. This mixed‐methods study was primarily informed by Dörnyei's L2 motivational self system (L2MSS), aiming to scrutinize Chinese as a second language (CSL) learners’ motivational factors from the perspectives of selves and contexts. Leveraging the concepts of the ideal L2 self and ought‐to L2 self from L2MSS, the anti‐ought‐to‐L2 self was incorporated into the framework. The L2 learning experience was reframed into three contextual dimensions, including attitudes toward the L2 community, cultural interest and pedagogical influence. Data were collected from 231 international students from a Chinese comprehensive university. Factor analyses confirmed seven motivational factors. Findings revealed that the ideal L2 self, ought‐to L2 self, pedagogical influence and cultural interest were effective in predicting individuals’ intended learning effort. Significant differences were identified in the motivational selves based on demographic variables of employment status, gender and student type. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on the motivations of languages other than English learners and the refinement of the L2MSS framework. It also offers CSL instructors pedagogical implications for developing targeted teaching strategies and promoting motivations among students from distinct educational and socio‐economic backgrounds.
La sombra alargada del patrón: Gamonalismo y hábitos hacendatarios en Chimborazo tras la reforma agraria
Authors: Bretón Víctor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores selective aspects of the historical processes of organization of the kichwa peasantry in the Andes of Ecuador. Based on the analysis of two representative cases of confrontation between peasants and landowners over access to land in the province of Chimborazo, it discusses the relevance of the concept of “gamonalismo” as both a category with which to interpret the system of peasant subjugation until the 1960s, and as significant social system conceived by Mariátegui in 1927. The paper identifies perceptions of social space that suggest the symbolic presence of the gamonal order among the generations who inherited the processes of struggle. It has an exploratory nature as it probes the interconnections between topics such as the ecological characteristics of the territory, the historical construction of a long‐standing system of domination and, after its dissolution, the persistence of its symbolic universe in Andean communities.
Misprogramming of glucose metabolism impairs recovery of hippocampal slices from neuronal GLT‐1 knockout mice and contributes to excitotoxic injury through mitochondrial superoxide production
Authors: Li S. , Wang J. , Andersen J. V. , Aldana B. I. , Zhang B. , Prochownik E. V. , Rosenberg P. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe have previously reported a failure of recovery of synaptic function in the CA1 region of acute hippocampal slices from mice with a conditional neuronal knockout (KO) of GLT‐1 (EAAT2, Slc1A2) driven by synapsin‐Cre (synGLT‐1 KO). The failure of recovery of synaptic function is due to excitotoxic injury. We hypothesized that changes in mitochondrial metabolism contribute to the heightened vulnerability to excitotoxicity in the synGLT‐1 KO mice. We found impaired flux of carbon from 13C‐glucose into the tricarboxylic acid cycle in synGLT‐1 KO cortical and hippocampal slices compared with wild‐type (WT) slices. In addition, we found downregulation of the neuronal glucose transporter GLUT3 in both genotypes. Flux of carbon from [1,2‐13C]acetate, thought to be astrocyte‐specific, was increased in the synGLT‐KO hippocampal slices but not cortical slices. Glycogen stores, predominantly localized to astrocytes, are rapidly depleted in slices after cutting, and are replenished during ex vivo incubation. In the synGLT‐1 KO, replenishment of glycogen stores during ex vivo incubation was compromised. These results suggest both neuronal and astrocytic metabolic perturbations in the synGLT‐1 KO slices. Supplementing incubation medium during recovery with 20 mM D‐glucose normalized glycogen replenishment but had no effect on recovery of synaptic function. In contrast, 20 mM non‐metabolizable L‐glucose substantially improved recovery of synaptic function, suggesting that D‐glucose metabolism contributes to the excitotoxic injury in the synGLT‐1 KO slices. L‐lactate substitution for D‐glucose did not promote recovery of synaptic function, implicating mitochondrial metabolism. Consistent with this hypothesis, phosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, which decreases enzyme activity, was increased in WT slices during the recovery period, but not in synGLT‐1 KO slices. Since metabolism of glucose by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is associated with superoxide production, we tested the effect of drugs that scavenge and prevent superoxide production. The superoxide dismutase/catalase mimic EUK‐134 conferred complete protection and full recovery of synaptic function. A site‐specific inhibitor of complex III superoxide production, S3QEL‐2, was also protective, but inhibitors of NADPH oxidase were not. In summary, we find that the failure of recovery of synaptic function in hippocampal slices from the synGLT‐1 KO mouse, previously shown to be due to excitotoxic injury, is caused by production of superoxide by mitochondrial metabolism.
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Capital Commitment
Authors: GOURIER ELISE , PHALIPPOU LUDOVIC , WESTERFIELD MARK M. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTwelve trillion dollars are allocated to private market funds that require outside investors to commit to transferring capital on demand. We show within a novel dynamic portfolio allocation model that ex‐ante commitment has large effects on investors' portfolios and welfare, and we quantify those effects. Investors are underallocated to private market funds and are willing to pay a larger premium to adjust the quantity committed than to eliminate other frictions, like timing uncertainty and limited tradability. Perhaps counterintuitively, commitment risk premiums increase with secondary market liquidity, and they do not disappear when investments are spread over many funds.
Hospitalization after hydroxychloroquine initiation in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and autoimmune disease
Authors: Riaz Munaza , Park Haesuk , Pepine Carl J. , Shukla Ashutosh M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) reduces cardiovascular events among patients with autoimmune disorders and is being evaluated as a therapeutic option for populations with high‐risk cardiovascular disease. However, recent studies have raised concerns about HCQ use and cardiovascular events.ObjectiveTo assess the association of HCQ initiation with heart failure–related and all‐cause hospitalizations among patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of patients aged ≥18 years with diagnosed HFpEF and autoimmune disease using MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases (2007–2019). Patients were required to initiate HCQ after their first HFpEF diagnosis (HCQ users) or not (HCQ nonusers). For the patients in the HCQ users group, the first HCQ prescription date was assigned as the index date. Index date for the HCQ nonuser group was assigned by prescription‐time distribution matching HCQ users, by utilizing the number of days from HFpEF diagnosis to the first HCQ prescription. After 1:≥3 propensity score (PS) matching, Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations between users and nonusers.ResultsAfter PS matching, 2229 patients (592 HCQ users and 1637 HCQ nonusers) were included. After controlling for covariates, patients who received HCQ had lower risks of HF‐related hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24–0.82) and all‐cause hospitalization (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.83) compared with patients not using HCQ.ConclusionsAmong patients with HFpEF and autoimmune disease, initiation of HCQ use was associated with a decreased risk of HF‐related and all‐cause hospitalizations.
Genetic susceptibility to temporomandibular joint involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Niibo P. , Nikopensius T. , Jagomägi T. , Voog Ü. , Haller T. , Tõnisson N. , Metspalu A. , Saag M. , Pruunsild C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic condition of childhood. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is among the most commonly affected joints in JIA patients. When JIA involves the TMJ, it may affect condylar growth in the joint; therefore, JIA patients are at risk of unfavourable long‐term outcomes from associated joint damage. If undetected, TMJ involvement can lead to various functional disabilities such as reduced mandibular mobility and disorders of the mastication muscles. Limitations in sagittal and vertical mandibular growth can result in micrognathia and anterior open bite with aesthetic and functional restrictions.ObjectiveGenetic factors may play a role in determining which individuals are more prone to develop TMJ disorders or in predicting the severity of the disease process. Therefore, we applied a GWAS approach to identify loci associated with TMJ involvement in a sample of Estonian patients with JIA. Our aim was to address the potential role of genetic susceptibility factors in TMJ‐JIA, a condition not previously studied in this context.MethodsThe case group consisted of 55 JIA patients with TMJ involvement and 208 patients without TMJ involvement comprised the control group. The entire cohort was genotyped using the Illumina HumanOmniExpress BeadChip arrays. Imputation was performed using a nationwide reference panel obtained of 2240 individuals whose data were obtained from the Estonian Biobank.ResultsWe identified six loci as being associated with the risk of TMJ‐JIA in Estonian JIA patients. The strongest associations were identified at CD6 rs3019551 (P = 3.80 × 10−6), SLC26A8/MAPK14 rs9470191 (P = 6.15 × 10−6), NLRP3 rs2056795 (P = 8.91 × 10−6) and MAP2K4 rs7225328 (P = 1.64 × 10−5).ConclusionThis study provides first insights into the risk‐associated loci between JIA and its manifestation in the TMJ. The reported loci are involved in molecular pathways of immunological relevance and likely represent genomic regions that render the TMJ susceptible to involvement by JIA in Estonian patients.
Fish production, water quality, and the role of nitrification as an ammonia removal process in intensively aerated hybrid catfish ponds
Authors: Ott Brian D. , Torrans Eugene L. , Tucker Craig S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSix 0.1‐ha earthen ponds with 45 kW/ha of aeration capacity were stocked with hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus x I. furcatus) ranging from 15,000 to 90,000 fish ha−1 in 15,000 fish ha−1 increments to analyze the effect of nitrogen loading on ammonia accumulation and fish production. Minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration was maintained above 3.0 mg O2 L−1 to prevent hypoxia‐induced appetite reduction. Stocking density did not impact survival but decreased average fish harvest weight and increased food conversion ratio (FCR). Gross production increased with stocking density and ranged from 7249 to 35,674 kg ha−1. Average total (TAN) and un‐ionized ammonia (NH3) were not different among stocking densities despite greater nitrogen inputs in ponds with higher feeding rates. Nitrite () and nitrate () concentrations were significantly higher in ponds with higher stocking densities, suggesting that nitrification increased with nitrogen loading. Phytoplankton assimilation of ammonia is the primary ammonia removal process in traditional catfish ponds with modest fish densities and feeding rates. However, in intensively aerated ponds with high feeding rates, nitrification can become an important process for ammonia removal. These data indicate that small earthen hybrid catfish ponds with high aeration capacities can increase catfish production without ammonia accumulating.
Social costs and policy preferences: Evidence from territorial strategies in Catalonia
Authors: Balcells Laia , Kuo Alexander 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch on territorial preferences in self‐determination disputes has traditionally focused on economic and identity‐related factors. However, the impact of social costs—encompassing overall societal comfort and conviviality—on specific preferences for territorial strategies remains understudied. This paper presents a novel perspective by investigating how social costs affect such policy preferences in Catalonia, a region in Spain where secession has become a politically salient and defining feature of the political debate in recent decades. Through embedded experiments conducted within regionally representative online surveys over two time periods, we examine the relationship between social costs and preferences for territorial strategies. Our theoretical framework and empirical findings underscore the importance of considering social costs as a determinant of policy preferences, warranting further cross‐national exploration—beyond territorial debates.
A Modified Fixation Method for Talonavicular Arthrodesis in the Treatment of Müller‐Weiss Disease: The Use of the Shape‐Memory Alloy Staple as an Adjunct
Authors: Lv Zhao‐Ying , Tong Yuan‐Hao , Wu Bai‐Hui , Zheng Yu‐Zhong , Lin Xiao‐Yong , Lin Yi‐Qiu , Zheng Chen Xiao 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveArthrodesis, usage of metallic implants for internal fixation, is commonly employed as the primary treatment modality for Müller‐Weiss disease (MWD). Nevertheless, the efficacy of the current methods of fixation leaves room for improvement. Inadequate fixation strength and the risk of fixation failure are both critical concerns requiring attention. This study explored the clinical effects of implementing a modified fixation technique in talonavicular arthrodesis for the treatment of MWD.MethodsA total of 14 cases diagnosed with MWD undergoing talonavicular (TN) arthrodesis from January 2021 toMarch 2023 were included in the retrospective study. The fixation method for fusion involved the use of screws, with additional support from the shape‐memory alloy (SMA) staple. Relevant clinical outcomes and complications were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Paired‐samples t‐test was used for all data comparisons.ResultsRadiographic evidence confirmed solid fusion, and follow‐up evaluations showed satisfactory results in all cases. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores were elevated from 32.21 ± 4.0 (range: 22–38) preoperatively to 86.5 ± 2.7 (range: 81–90) postoperatively (p < 0.001). The visual analog scale (VAS) scores declined from 7.40 ± 0.8 (range: 6–8.5) preoperatively to 1.21 ± 1.1 (range: 0–3) postoperatively (p < 0.001). The lateral Meary's angle changed from 13.50 ± 5.2 (range: 8–24) preoperatively to 4.14 ± 2.9 (range: 1–11) degrees postoperatively (p < 0.001). The calcaneal pitch angle increased from 10.07 ± 4.0 (range: 5–19) preoperatively to 14.35 ± 4.0 (range: 8–21) degrees postoperatively (p < 0.001). The talar‐first metatarsal angle decreased from 11.71 ± 3.8 (range: 8–18) preoperatively to 4.28 ± 3.1 (range: 0–9) degrees postoperatively (p < 0.001). One patient was observed to experience delayed wound healing and wound infection. No nerve damage, malunion, pseudoarthrosis, or fixation failure were observed.ConclusionThe results indicated that the fusion of the TN joint using a combination of screws and shape memory alloy staples, could lead to favorable clinical outcomes and significantly enhance the quality of life for patients with MWD. This technique is not only safe and effective but also straightforward to perform.
Homogenization of word relationships in schizophrenia: Topological analysis of cortical semantic representations
Authors: Hayashi Ryusuke , Kaji Shizuo , Matsumoto Yukiko , Nishida Satoshi , Nishimoto Shinji , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: August 2024

AimPatients with schizophrenia typically exhibit symptoms of disorganized thought and display concreteness and over‐inclusion in verbal reports, depending on the level of abstraction. While concreteness and over‐inclusion may appear contradictory, the underlying psychopathology that explains these symptoms remains unclear. In the current study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging with an encoding modeling approach to examine how concepts of various words, represented as brain activity, are anomalously connected at different levels of abstraction in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsFourteen individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 17 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure brain activity representing concepts of various words. We used a persistent homology (PH) method to analyze the topological structures of word representations in schizophrenia patients, healthy controls, and random data, across different levels of abstraction by varying dissimilarity scales in the representation space.ResultsThe results revealed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited more homogeneous word relationships across different levels of abstraction compared with healthy controls. Additionally, topological structures exhibited a shift toward a random network structure in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. The PH method successfully distinguished semantic representations of patients with schizophrenia from those of controls.ConclusionsThe current results provide an explanation for the mechanisms underlying the deficits in abstraction ability observed in schizophrenia. The isotopic connection of individual concepts reflects both the reduction of contextual connections at a semantically fine‐grained scale and the absence of clear boundaries between related concepts at a coarse scale, which lead to concreteness and over‐inclusion, respectively.
Planar Schrödinger–Poisson system with exponential critical growth: Local well‐posedness and standing waves with prescribed mass
Authors: Sun Juntao , Yao Shuai , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates a class of planar Schrödinger–Poisson systems with critical exponential growth. The conditions for the local well‐posedness of the Cauchy problem in the energy space are defined. By introducing innovative ideas and relaxing some of the classical growth assumptions on nonlinearity, this study shows that such a system has at least two standing waves with a prescribed mass. One wave is a ground‐state standing wave with positive energy, and another one is a high‐energy standing wave with positive energy. In addition, with the help of the local well‐posedness, it is shown that the set of ground‐state standing waves is orbitally stable.
The reciprocal relationship between political participation and mental health in Germany: A random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Prati Gabriele 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposePolitical participation has been identified as a predictor of mental health. Previous research studies have reported mixed results concerning the relationship between political participation and mental health. Moreover, findings have generally been confined to the between‐individual level. The few studies that investigated within‐person associations have not examined bidirectionality. In the current study, the bidirectional relationship between political participation and mental health was investigated.MethodsData from the GESIS Panel study were used to assess the bidirectional association between political participation and mental health. The GESIS Panel study is a probability‐based panel representative of the German‐speaking population residing in Germany and aged between 18 and 70 years (M = 44.52; SD = 14.67; 52 percent female participants). Mental health was assessed using measures of depression symptoms and subjective well‐being.ResultsUsing up to nine waves of longitudinal survey data, a random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel model indicated little evidence for cross‐lagged effects from political participation to mental health or vice versa. Notwithstanding, few significant cross‐lagged paths were observed.ConclusionsOverall, the findings were not consistent with the theorized effect of political participation on mental health. Moreover, there is little evidence that mental health affects political participation.