bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Students' and Tutors' Satisfaction With a New Clinical Competency System Based on the Nursing Interventions Classification
Authors: Iglesias‐Parra Maria Rosa , García‐Mayor Silvia , Kaknani‐Uttumchandani Shakira , León‐Campos Álvaro , García‐Guerrero Alfonso , Morales‐Asencio José Miguel 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo assess students' satisfaction with their clinical tutors, their clinical practices, and tutors' satisfaction with the new approach of clinical placements and tutorship.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was used, with a study population of second and third year nursing students and clinical tutors.ResultsGlobal satisfaction was 7.47 (SD 1.61) (range from 1 to 9). Regarding students' satisfaction, 75.67% of the items were equal to or greater than 4 (range from 1 to 5). The overall mean score was 4.05 (DE 1.08).Conclusions and implications for nursing practiceA competency‐structured practicum, assessed through the Nursing Interventions Classification and supported on information and communications technologies, is a reliable and valid method that encourages students and tutors to an active participation, and implies a high degree of satisfaction in both tutors and students.
Caring for Residents of Eldercare Facilities: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Hwang Huei‐lih 
Published: May 2015

PurposeTo report the results of an evolutionary concept analysis of caring in facilities that provide care for elders.SourcesCumulative indices for CINAHL, ERIC, Academic Search Complete, PsychINFO, Medline, and CEPTS.ResultsCaring is an interactive process characterized by seeing, helping, and communicating, which are analogous to two wheels with one axle. Caring is preceded by individuality and followed by well‐being.ConclusionThe findings explicate the core components of caring in facilities that provide care for elders.ImplicationsThe metaphor of an axle and wheel can guide caregivers in delivering effective care as the demand for improved well‐being of residents of eldercare facilities increases.
Voluntary exercise protects against ulcerative colitis by up‐regulating glucocorticoid‐mediated PPAR‐γ activity in the colon in mice
Authors: Liu W.‐X. , Zhou F. , Wang Y. , Wang T. , Xing J.‐W. , Zhang S. , Sang L.‐X. , Gu S.‐Z. , Wang H.‐L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimVoluntary exercise has been shown to protect against the development of ulcerative colitis, but the mechanism is not fully understood. We hypothesized that prior voluntary exercise would attenuate colonic inflammation and ameliorate clinical symptoms in dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis by increasing glucocorticoid production and up‐regulating PPAR‐γ activity in the colon.MethodsMale C57Bl/6J mice were assigned to sedentary, exercise, exercise with PPAR‐γ antagonist GW9662 or glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor metyrapone. Following the completion of the 30 days’ exercise training programme, they were treated with or without 2% DSS in drinking water for 5 days, followed by 5 days of regular water.ResultsCompared with sedentary mice, exercise mice exhibited improved clinical symptoms (weight loss and diarrhoea) and less inflammation (expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and histological injury) in response to DSS, whereas these beneficial effects were abolished by both GW9662 and metyrapone treatment. Molecular studies revealed that exercise significantly increased the expression of PPAR‐γ, augmented the expression of steroidogenic enzymes (CYP11A1 and CYP11B1) and elevated corticosterone levels in the colon. GW9662 treatment reversed the expression of PPAR‐γ without altering the expression of steroidogenic enzymes and corticosterone secretion in the colon, while metyrapone treatment blocked glucocorticoid secretion and abrogated the increase in PPAR‐γ expression in the colon.ConclusionThese findings suggest that prior voluntary exercise suppresses the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in the colon in response to inflammatory challenge by up‐regulating glucocorticoid‐mediated PPAR‐γ activity, contributing to protection against the development of ulcerative colitis.
Children's understanding of embarrassment: Integrating mental time travel and mental state information
Authors: Chobhthaigh Sorcha Ni , Wilson Charlotte 
Published: May 2015

The current study investigated 4‐ to 8‐year‐olds’ (N = 81) understanding of embarrassment and their ability to integrate temporal and mental state information to predict and explain emotions. Participants heard stories describing characters commit trivial social transgressions, and then the next day, characters found themselves in the same situation that led to the previous transgression. For some story endings, participants were asked to predict and explain how the character felt, and for others, participants were told the character started to feel embarrassed and they were asked to explain why. Participants’ responses were coded and analysed using nonparametric statistical tests. Kruskal–Wallis analyses revealed significant developments occur between 6 and 8 years in children's understanding of embarrassment and their ability to explain individual's emotion as caused by anticipating the reoccurrence of a previous embarrassing event. Younger children demonstrated a basic knowledge of embarrassment but failed to demonstrate more advanced understanding of the emotion. Findings from the current study indicate children reach a more mature understanding of embarrassment and the implications of committing social transgressions between 7 and 8 years. Finally, the current study contributes to the literature on children's ability to infer mental states and temporally connect experiences.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of mitochondria from human ovarian cancer cells and their paclitaxel‐resistant sublines
Authors: Chen Ming , Huang Hong , He Haojie , Ying Wantao , Liu Xin , Dai Zhiqin , Yin Jie , Mao Ning , Qian Xiaohong , Pan Lingya 
Published: May 2015

Paclitaxel resistance is a major obstacle for the treatment of ovarian cancer. The chemoresistance mechanisms are partly related to the mitochondria. Identification of the relevant proteins in mitochondria will help in clarifying the possible mechanisms and in selecting effective chemotherapy for patients with paclitaxel resistance. In the present study, mitochondria from two paclitaxel‐sensitive human ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and A2780) and their corresponding resistant cell lines (SKOV3‐TR and A2780‐TR) were isolated. Guanidine‐modified acetyl‐stable isotope labeling and liquid chromatography‐hybrid linear ion trap Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LC‐FTICR MS) were performed to find the expressed differential proteins. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed eight differentially expressed proteins in the ovarian cancer cells and their paclitaxel‐resistant sublines. Among them, mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were selected for further research. The effects of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ were explored using specific siRNA interference in ovarian cancer cell lines and immunohistochemistry in human tissue specimens. The downregulation of mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ using specific siRNA in paclitaxel‐resistant ovarian cancer cells led to an increase in the resistance index to paclitaxel. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that lower expression levels of the mimitin and 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ proteins were positively associated with shorter progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with primary ovarian cancer (mimitin: PFS: P = 0.041, OS: P = 0.003; 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ: PFS: P = 0.031, OS: P = 0.011). Mimitin and 14‐3‐3 protein ζ/δ are potential markers of paclitaxel resistance and prognostic factors in ovarian cancer.
Discovery of New 4‐Alkoxyquinazoline‐Based Derivatives as Potent VEGFR2 Inhibitors
Authors: Yin Yong , Sha Shao , Wang Yan‐Ting , Wu Xun , Wang She‐Feng , Qiao Fang , Lv Peng‐Cheng , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: May 2015

VEGFR2 has been proved to play a major role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. Twenty‐one 4‐alkoxyquinazoline‐based derivatives have been designed and synthesized as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitors, and their biological activities were evaluated. Among these compounds, compound 3h exhibited the most potent inhibitory activities against VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase and cell proliferation, with the IC50 values of 2.89 nm (for VEGFR2) and 0.25 μm (for MCF‐7), which were comparable with the control compound. Docking simulation was performed to position compound 3h into the 4ASE active site, and the result showed that compound 3h could bind well at the 4ASE active site.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzo[d][1,3]Dioxol‐5‐yl Chalcones as Antiproliferating Agents
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Balakrishna Moku , Loka Reddy Velatooru , Riyaz Syed , Bagul Chandrakant , Satyanarayana Bethu Murali , Venkateswar Rao Janapala 
Published: May 2015

A series of chalcone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic potential. These molecules have showed promising cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.24 to 63.12 μm. Among them, conjugates 16k, 16m and 16t showed significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 values ranging from 5.24 to 10.39 μm in MDA‐MB‐231 cell line. These compounds were further investigated for their effect on cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, Hoechst staining, annexin V, and cell cycle arrest (G2/M). The Western blot experiments revealed up regulation of pro‐apoptotic Bax and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl‐2. The studies also indicated reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in the levels of caspase‐3 and caspase‐7.
Antimalarial Effect of 3‐Methoxy‐1,2‐Dioxetanes on the Erythrocytic Cycle of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Lopes Nicolas S. , Yoshitake Ariane M. , Silva Adriana F. , Oliveira Vani X. , Silva Leandro S. , Pinheiro Ana A. S. , Ciscato Luiz Francisco M. L. 
Published: May 2015

The antimalarial activity of peroxides most likely originates from their interaction with iron(II) species located inside the malaria parasite, which forms destructive radical species through a Fenton‐like mechanism. This article reports the first evaluation of the in vitro antimalarial activity of three peroxides of the class 1,2‐dioxetanes against Plasmodium falciparum; the results reveal that the studied 3‐methoxy‐1,2‐dioxetanes display significant antimalarial activity, at a similar level as artemisinin and also that their reactivity toward iron(II) correlate linearly with their antimalarial activity.
Tertiary paediatric hospital admissions in children and young people with cerebral palsy
Authors: Meehan E. , Freed G. L. , Reid S. M. , Williams K. , Sewell J. R. , Rawicki B. , Reddihough D. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany previous studies that have investigated hospital admissions in children and young people with cerebral palsy lack information on cerebral palsy severity and complexity. Consequently, little is known about factors associated with the frequency and type of hospital admissions in this population. This study used hospital admission data available for all children and young people known to a population‐based cerebral palsy register to describe the patterns of use of tertiary paediatric hospital services over a 5‐year period.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected admission data from the two tertiary paediatric hospitals in the Australian state of Victoria. Data on admissions of individuals born between 1993 and 2008 registered on the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register were analysed (n = 2183).ResultsBetween 2008 and 2012, 53% of the cohort (n = 1160) had at least one same‐day admission, and 46% (n = 996) had one or more multi‐day admissions. Those with a moderate to severe motor impairment and those with a co‐diagnosis of epilepsy had more admissions, and for multi‐day admissions, longer lengths of stay, P < 0.05. Across all severity levels, respiratory and musculoskeletal diseases were the most frequently reported reasons for medical and surgical admissions, respectively. All‐cause readmission rates for urgent multi‐day stays within 7, 30 and 365 days of an index admission were 10%, 23% and 63%, respectively.ConclusionsThe reasons for hospital admissions reported here reflect the range of comorbidities experienced by children and young people with cerebral palsy. This study highlights priority areas for prevention, early diagnosis and medical management in this group. Improved primary and secondary prevention measures may decrease non‐elective hospital admissions and readmissions in this group and reduce paediatric inpatient resource use and healthcare expenditure attributable to cerebral palsy.
Initial immunological changes as predictors for house dust mite immunotherapy response
Authors: Gómez E. , Fernández T. D. , Doña I. , Rondon C. , Campo P. , Gomez F. , Salas M. , Gonzalez M. , Perkins J. R. , Palomares F. , Blanca M. , Torres M. J. , Mayorga C. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryBackgroundAlthough specific immunotherapy is the only aetiological treatment for allergic disorders, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Specific immunotherapy induces changes in lymphocyte Th subsets from Th2 to Th1/Treg. Whether differences in immunological patterns underlie patient response to immunotherapy has not yet been established.ObjectivesWe studied the immunological changes occurring during a 1‐year period of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) immunotherapy and their relation with clinical outcome.MethodsWe included 34 patients with DP allergy who received subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SCIT) for 1 year. Following treatment, patients were classified as responders or non‐responders. Fourteen allergic subjects who did not receive SCIT were included as controls. Peripheral blood was obtained at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and cultured with nDer p 1. Phenotypic changes, cytokine production and basophil response were analysed by flow cytometry; transcription factors were measured by mRNA quantification. Serum immunoglobulin levels were also measured.ResultsAfter 1 year of SCIT, 82% of cases showed improved symptoms (responders). Although increases in sIgG4 were observed, BAT reactivity was not modified in these patients. Increases in T‐BET/FOXP3 as well as nDer p 1‐specific Th1/Treg frequencies were also observed, along with a decrease in Th2, Th9 and Th17. These changes corresponded to changes in cytokine levels.ConclusionPatients who respond well to DP‐SCIT show immunological differences compared to non‐responders. In responders, basal differences include a lower frequency of Th1 and higher frequencies of Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells. After 1 year of treatment, an increased production of sIgG4 was observed in responders, along with a change in Th2 response towards Th1/Treg.
Hormonal ‘minipuberty’ influences the somatic development of boys but not of girls up to the age of 6 years
Authors: Becker Marianne , Oehler Klaus , Partsch Carl‐Joachim , Ulmen Ulrike , Schmutzler Renate , Cammann Henning , Hesse Volker 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjectiveHormonal ‘minipuberty’ refers to a transient sex‐specific surge of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) in the first few months of life. We hypothesized a potential long‐term effect of this hormonal surge on somatic parameters in the following years and therefore designed this longitudinal study.DesignA hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyse the potential influence of hormone concentrations during minipuberty on anthropometric measurements conducted in the first 6 years of life.PatientsThirty‐five healthy babies (17 male, 18 female) were the participants.MeasurementsTestosterone, E2, SHBG, LH and FSH were measured at the ages of four, eight and 20 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were taken eight times in the first 12 months, then every 6 months up to the age of 6 years.ResultsA significant negative effect was found in boys between testosterone and LH levels at 8 weeks and body weight up to the age of 6 years and BMI up to 6 years (LH) and 3 years (T), respectively. A further negative effect was found between E2 levels at the age of 20 weeks and body weight as well as body length in the years that followed. A positive effect was observed between E2 at the age of 4 weeks and skinfold thickness up to the age of 6 years in boys. No significant effects were found in girls.ConclusionsThe findings seem to reflect an up to now unknown long‐term influence of the physiological early hormonal surge on the subsequent male but not female somatic development.
Quality‐of‐life and functional outcomes following pharyngolaryngectomy: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Mahalingam S. , Srinivasan R. , Spielmann P. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe long‐term prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancer is poor. Surgery necessitates pharyngolaryngectomy with flap reconstruction. For such patients, it is important that functional outcomes are preserved to maintain a respectable quality of life.Objective of reviewTo identify the functional outcomes following pharyngolaryngectomy with respect to quality of life, speech and swallow through a systematic review of literature.Search strategySearches of EBM databases and literature databases using key words: pharyngolaryngectomy, laryngopharyngectomy, swallow, dysphagia, speech and dysphonia from 1970 to August 2014. Articles were screened for relevance using pre‐determined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Evaluation methodArticles reviewed by authors and data compiled in tables for analysis.ResultsNo previous systematic reviews assessing functional outcomes were identified. Seventeen studies reported speech outcomes (576 patients) and fifteen reported swallow outcomes (1076 patients). The data suggests that patients who underwent trachea‐oesophageal puncture developed more favourable speech outcomes than those rehabilitated using other measures. Overall stricture incidence was 11.4% and 6.5% of patients required long‐term enteral nutrition. Four studies used validated speech measures, and three used validated swallow measures. They suggest an overall level of perceived impairment in quality of life. Speech and swallow outcomes were significantly poorer than patients who underwent total laryngectomy.ConclusionsOverall, there is an impairment in speech and swallow outcomes following pharyngolaryngectomy; however, the exact extent is unclear. There is a need for a general consensus on assessment measures and prospective multicentre studies to be conducted. This study compiles the available data to improve caregiver and patient awareness of functional outcomes.
Divergence in sink contributions to population persistence
Authors: Heinrichs Julie A. , Lawler Joshua J. , Schumaker Nathan H. , Wilsey Chad B. , Bender Darren J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPopulation sinks present unique conservation challenges. The loss of individuals in sinks can compromise persistence; but conversely, sinks can improve viability by improving connectivity and facilitating the recolonization of vacant sources. To assess the contribution of sinks to regional population persistence of declining populations, we simulated source–sink dynamics for 3 very different endangered species: Black‐capped Vireos (Vireo atricapilla) at Fort Hood, Texas, Ord's kangaroo rats (Dipodomys ordii) in Alberta, and Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina) in the northwestern United States. We used empirical data from these case studies to parameterize spatially explicit individual‐based models. We then used the models to quantify population abundance and persistence with and without long‐term sinks. The contributions of sink habitats varied widely. Sinks were detrimental, particularly when they functioned as strong sinks with few emigrants in declining populations (e.g., Alberta's Ord's kangaroo rat) and benign in robust populations (e.g., Black‐capped Vireos) when Brown‐headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) parasitism was controlled. Sinks, including ecological traps, were also crucial in delaying declines when there were few sources (e.g., in Black‐capped Vireo populations with no Cowbird control). Sink contributions were also nuanced. For example, sinks that supported large, variable populations were subject to greater extinction risk (e.g., Northern Spotted Owls). In each of our case studies, new context‐dependent sinks emerged, underscoring the dynamic nature of sources and sinks and the need for frequent re‐assessment. Our results imply that management actions based on assumptions that sink habitats are generally harmful or helpful risk undermining conservation efforts for declining populations.
Impact of functional training on cardiac autonomic modulation, cardiopulmonary parameters and quality of life in healthy women
Authors: Rezende Barbosa Marianne Penachini da Costa de , Netto Júnior Jayme , Cassemiro Bruna Montechieze , de Souza Naiara Maria , Bernardo Aline Fernanda Barbosa , da Silva Anne Kastelianne França , Pastre Carlos Marcelo , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos Marques 
Published: May 2015

SummaryFunctional training (FT) promotes benefits in various physical abilities; however, its effect on autonomic modulation, cardiorespiratory parameters and quality of life in the healthy adult population is unknown, and thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of  FT on these variables in healthy young women. The study consisted of 29 women, distributed into two groups: the FT Group (FTG; n = 13; 23 ± 2·51 years; 21·90 ± 2·82 kg m−²) and the Control Group (CG; n = 16; 20·56 ± 1·03 years; 22·12 ± 3·86 kg m−²). The FTG performed periodized FT for 12 weeks, three times a week. The following were evaluated: autonomic modulation (heart rate variability), cardiorespiratory parameters and quality of life (SF‐36 Questionnaire). The Student's t‐test for unpaired data or the Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the differences obtained between the final moment and the initial moment of the studied groups (P<0·05). The FTG demonstrated significant improvements in quality of life and autonomic modulation (P<0·05), but not in the cardiorespiratory parameters. Functional training was able to produce improvements in autonomic modulation and quality of life.
Editorial Introduction to the Special Section: Deconstructing Offshore Finance
Authors: Clark Gordon L. , Lai Karen P. Y. , Wójcik Dariusz 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent scandals involving large corporations including Amazon, Apple, Google, Starbucks, and HSBC have highlighted the problems of tax avoidance, evasion, and offshore financial activities. Considering their significance to growing inequality and financial instability, renewed media and public attention is well justified, and new research on these topics urgent. At the same time, however, there is confusion in the very use of the term offshore finance. Some apply it interchangeably with tax havens; others go as far as to use it as a synonym of international finance. We argue that offshore finance needs a precise definition and careful positioning in a broader economic geographical framework. We suggest a definition based on the legal and accounting, in addition to financial, aspects of offshore finance, and we propose the concept of global financial networks to situate offshore jurisdictions and offshore finance in the firm–territory nexus and in relation to global production networks. This sets the stage for the three research articles presented in this issue, which map offshore financial networks at global and regional scales, and investigate their causes and mechanisms.