bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution in Uruguay
Authors: Zambra N. , Ungerfeld R. 
Published: June 2024

Context Sus scrofa is a species that easily adapts to diverse environments and climatic zones. In urban and suburban spaces, its presence negatively impacts soil, crops, and animal production, posing health risks for other animals and even humans. Declared a national pest in Uruguay, it is one of the main predators of sheep. A deeper knowledge of its habitat, current distribution, and the environmental factors that influence its locations is required to develop an adequate programme to control its population. Aims To determine the spatial distribution of wild boars in Uruguay and its association with environmental factors concerning livestock production, on the basis of a survey administered to farmers. Methods The survey was completed by 2360 farmers, gathering information on the presence of wild boars and other wildlife animals on their farms, methods used for wild boar control, economic damages caused by the species, number of sheep, and types of land-cover besides pastures (native woodlands, shelter forests, pine plantations, and eucalyptus plantations). Key results Farms located in the Northeast region, with native woodlands and/or pine plantations, and larger than 500 ha were more likely to report the presence of wild boars. The presence of eucalyptus plantations did not affect the presence of wild boars in any region of the country. While the presence of sheep, free- ranging dogs, or wild boars on neighbouring farms affected the presence of wild boars, the existence of eucalyptus plantations showed no effect across any region of the country. On the other hand, the presence of wild boars increased in association with the presence of pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus). Conclusions These results provide valuable information regarding the current distribution of an invasive exotic ungulate, and factors influencing the probability of reporting its presence. Implications This information will serve as a starting point for future research analysing additional ecological and farm characteristics, as well as management strategies in sheep farms aimed at detecting, evading, dissuading and/or controlling this predatory species on the basis of its behaviour and environmental preferences.
First principles validation of energy barriers in Ni75Al25
Authors: Fisher Adam , Staunton Julie B , Wu Huan , Brommer Peter 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Precipitates in nickel-based superalloys form during heat treatment on a time scale inaccessible to direct molecular dynamics simulation, but can be studied using kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) modelling. This requires reliable values for the barrier energies separating distinct configurations over the trajectory of the system. In this study, we validate vacancy migration barriers found with the Activation-Relaxation Technique nouveau (ARTn) method in partially ordered Ni75Al25 with a monovacancy using published potentials for the atomic interactions against first-principles methods. In a first step, we confirm that the ARTn barrier energies agree with those determined with the nudged elastic band (NEB) method. As the number of atoms used in those calculations is too great for direct ab initio calculations, we cut the cell size to 255 atoms, thus controlling finite size effects. We then use the plane-wave density functional theory code CASTEP and its inbuilt NEB method in the smaller cells. This provides us with a continuous validation chain from first principles to KMC simulations with interatomic potentials (IPs). We evaluate the barrier energies of five further IPs with NEB, demonstrating that none yields values with sufficient reliability for KMC simulations, with some of them failing completely. This is a first step towards quantifying the errors incurred in KMC simulations of precipitate formation and evolution.
A comprehensive analysis of ultra low power GNRFET based 20T hybrid full adder for computing applications
Authors: Arora Sneha , Tripathi Suman Lata 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In an era where energy efficiency is as important as computational speed, this paper introduces a new full adder circuit design that effectively integrates dynamic power gathering (DPG) power conservation benefits with XOR-XNOR pass-transistor logic (PTL) area and performance efficiencies using graphene nanoribbon field-effect transistors. GNRFETs are useful for digital logic due to their high carrier mobility and tunable bandgap. The paper describes the circuit’s seamless transition full adder response, demonstrating the tri-mode dynamic power gating strategy capacity to reduce static power depletion. The proposed hybrid full adder performs well with 7.76 nW power consumption, 481 ps latency, and 3.73 aJ PDP. This reduces power consumption by 99.9%, delay by 99.0%, and PDP by 99.8% compared to other adders. The effects of temperature, voltage, Noise immunity and Carry Forward Adders integration on power, delay, and PDP are also analysed, proving the design’s robustness. The adaptability of our full adder architecture allows its implementation in more complicated arithmetic and logic units, indicating a scalable and energy-efficient paradigm for future integrated circuits.
Resistance distance and sharp bounds of two-mode electrical networks
Authors: Ullah Asad , Salman Salima , Zaman Shahid 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Electrical networks are ubiquitous in our daily lives, ranging from small integrated circuits to large-scale power systems. These networks can be easily represented as graphs, where edges represent connections and vertices represent electric nodes. The concept of resistance distance originates from electrical networks, with this term used because of its physical interpretation, where every edge in a graph G is assumed to have a unit resistor. The applications of resistance distance extend to various fields such as electrical engineering, physics, and computer science. It is particularly useful in investigating the flow of electrical current in a network and determining the shortest path between two vertices. In this work, we have investigated seven different resistance distance-based indices of bipartite networks and derived general formulae for them; the sharp bounds with respect to these resistance distance indices are also identified. Additionally, we introduced a novel resistance distance topological index, the Multiplicative Eccentric Resistance Harary Index, and derived general formula for it. The sharp bounds with respect to this newly introduced index are also identified for bipartite networks.
Modeling and analysis of single-mode widely tunable all-fiber Ho-doped CW master oscillator power amplifier system
Authors: Mirza Jawad , Salaria Umair Ahmad , Ghafoor Salman , Atieh Ahmad , Kanwal Benish , Almogren Ahmad , Aziz Imran 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We report the design of an all-fiber single-mode polarization maintaining widely tunable Ho-doped master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) system operating in the wavelength range of 2005-2135 nm based on a pre-amplifier and two power amplification stages. The single clad Ho-doped active fibers in the ring cavity based master oscillator, pre-amplifier, and power amplifiers are pumped using 1950 nm semiconductor laser diode pump sources. The amplification of the MOPA system is investigated over the entire spectral range of 2005-2135 nm. The highest output power achieved by the continuous wave (CW) Ho-doped MOPA system is 43 W at a wavelength of 2028.6 nm using pump power of 20 W with power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 90% for second power amplifier while the total pump power of Ho-doped MOPA system is 45 W. Optical bandpass filters (OBPFs) are employed between different stages of MOPA system to enable amplification over the wider spectral range of 2005-2135 nm by suppressing the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Not using OBPFs results in amplification that is limited to the spectral range of 2045-2130 nm. Therefore, a penalty of 45 nm can be avoided at the expense of using the OBPFs between different stages of MOPA system. This flexible MOPA system can be used in multiple applications, especially for space-borne high power transmitters operating in atmospheric transmission windows.
Recombination zone shift in OLEDs of the pyrene- phenanthroimidazole conjugate giving cyan and green emission
Authors: Gupta Chandan V , Dixit Swati J , Agarwal Neeraj , Bose Sangita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phenanthroimidazole derivative with Pyrene (PhenI-Py), which is known to be a good blue emitter, has been used to make OLED devices. We report the tuning of the emission from green (peak emission at 535 nm) to cyan (peak emission at 495 nm) in OLEDs by changing the device geometry using different hole transporting layers (HTL). Cyan OLEDs reported a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of ∼10%. By making devices with different thicknesses of the active layer and hole transporting layers (HTL), this wavelength shift could be understood on the basis of the shift in the recombination zone (RZ). Time resolved area normalized emission spectroscopy (TRANES) carried out in thin films of PhenI-Py indicated the dynamics of excited states, which seem to be responsible for the observed RZ shift. Thus, our results present an understanding of the mechanism of the observed colour tunability in devices of PhenI-Py.
Testing disformal non-circular deformation of Kerr black holes with LISA
Authors: Babichev Eugeny , Charmousis Christos , Doneva Daniela D. , Gyulchev Galin N. , Yazadjiev Stoytcho S. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
There is strong observational evidence that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. It is of fundamental importance to know whether such black holes are described by the standard Kerr solution in General Relativity (GR) or by another black hole solution. An interesting alternative is the so-called disformal Kerr black holes which exist within the framework of degenerate higher-order scalar-tensor (DHOST) theories of gravity. The departure from the standard Kerr black hole spacetime is parametrized by a parameter D, called disformal parameter. In the present work, we discuss the capability of LISA to detect the disformal parameter. For this purpose, we study Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals (EMRI's) around disformal Kerr black holes within the framework of the quadrupole hybrid formalism. Even when the disformal parameter is very small, its effect on the globally accumulated phase of the gravitational waveform of an EMRI can be significant due to the large number of cycles in the LISA band made by the small compact object. We show that LISA will in principle be able to detect and measure extremely small values of the disformal parameter which in turn, can be seen as an assessment of LISA's ability to detect very small deviations from the Kerr geometry.
Hybrid model predictive control techniques for safety factor profile and stored energy regulation while incorporating NBI constraints
Authors: Leard Brian , Wang Zibo , Paruchuri Sai Tej , Schuster Eugenio , Rafiq Tariq 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
A novel hybrid Model Predictive Control (MPC) algorithm has been designed for simultaneous safety factor (q) profile and stored energy (w) control while incorporating the pulse-width-modulation constraints associated with the neutral beam injection (NBI) system. Regulation of the q-profile has been extensively shown to be a key factor for improved confinement as well as non-inductive sustainment of the plasma current. Simultaneous control of w is necessary to prevent the triggering of pressure-driven magnetohydrodynamic instabilities as the controller shapes the q profile. Conventional MPC schemes proposed for q-profile control have considered the NBI powers as continuous-time signals, ignoring the discrete-time nature of these actuators and leading in some cases to performance loss. The hybrid MPC scheme in this work has the capability of incorporating the discrete-time actuator dynamics as additional constraints. In nonlinear simulations, the proposed hybrid MPC scheme demonstrates improved q-profile+w control performance for NSTX-U operating scenarios.
Seismic performance of three dynamically similar buildings with different vertical irregularities
Authors: Jain Priyanka , Sharma Ajay 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Earthquake forces are the most Dynamic in nature and should be resisted by the building structure. The irregular configuration in the structure, either in elevation or plan, is one of the major reasons for a structure’s collapse. From previous earthquakes, it was discovered that a building’s performance in seismic excitations is primarily dependent on its configuration. In reality, the concept of “perfect regularity” does not exist, as real building structures contain irregularity needed by aesthetic, and functional needs and demands. In this paper, three reinforced concrete (RCC) building structures comprising eight storeys have been modelled with varying vertical irregularities but nearly equal fundamental time periods. Building 1 has no irregularity yet building 2 and building 3 comprises of different vertical irregularities. The aim is to compare the seismic behaviour in the form of key seismic performance parameters such as maximum acceleration, maximum displacement, and base shear. It was found that the fundamental time period of the models remains almost similar while the seismic performance of the three buildings varies considerably. When the models are analysed for nonlinear dynamic analysis (Fast Nonlinear Analysis) the key parameters show the variations due to different mass and stiffness distributions comprising vertical irregularity. It was also noted that the characteristics of the earthquake are controlling the key seismic parameters.
Vulnerability Assessment of an Existing Bio – Gas Tank towards Lateral Loads
Authors: Bisht Vivek , Singh Haobam Derit 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Bio gas tank is used to make & store the Bio gas (gobar gas). With the sources of fuel running out, then arise the necessity of replacement by bio gas which can be used to some extent. To store bio gas, large size of tanks is needed and such are classified on the basis of shape and location. It is to be noted that the analysis of Bio gas tank is similar to that of water tank irrespective of the chemical nature of stored products. All the tanks are basically analysed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage. Mainly tank is analysed for Dead and Live loads (Vertical Loads) and it’s been seen the tanks are critical either under seismic and or/wind load (horizontal load). In order to better understand the consequences of lateral loads on tanks, structural engineers are concerned about the analysis of these existing structures. The objective of this paper was to understand and conduct a comparative assessment of circular tank under seismic & wind analysis through comparison of deflection using STAAD. Pro software in addition to study the effectiveness of a Nominal Vs Stepped RCC wall. For seismic and wind analysis the most critical relevant zone was selected as per IS Code. The model was checked and analysed for serviceable load combination. The finality of results for the analysis were wholly based on the software.
Analysis of interior panel of flat slab with opening at different position from column face
Authors: Vermax Surjeet , Rai Anjali , Jain Nitin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Openings in the flat slab may be required for multiple types of architectural purposes, including the transition of gas, electricity, water, and air-conditioning systems, as well as stairs or elevators. The aim of this research is to examine how openings in flat slab structures affect these structures’ structural behaviour. The study focuses on two main aspects: the size and location of the openings. The study examined a total of eight different models or specimens. Six of these models had a square opening with dimensions of 2 x 2 meters. The openings were positioned at three different locations: directly at the column face, 1 meter away from the column face, and 2 meters away from the column face. These six models were further divided into two groups: one group with drop panels and the other without drop panels. By increasing the slab thickness near the column, drop panels help redistribute the shear forces and mitigate the risk of failure. In addition to the six models with openings, the study also included two models without any openings. These two models were analysed both with and without drop panels to compare their behaviour with the models that had openings. The structural behaviour of the various models was simulated and examined using the finite element analysis software CSI SAFE 2016. The analysis aimed to evaluate critical factors such as punching shear capacity and deflections by comparing the results of the different models. The purpose of the study was to provide information on how the position and size of openings affect flat slab systems’ structural performance. Overall, the objective of the study was to contribute to the understanding of how openings in flat slabs, particularly when located adjacent to columns, can impact the structural behaviour and vulnerability of the system to failure.
Oriented Corrugated Web Steel Beams
Authors: Almohamady Ahmed 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
I-section steel beams are highly used in steel structures, and the point of corrugated beams was had become known recently. In this research, various orientation assemblies of corrugated web steel beams were investigated to study the effect of web corrugation on flexure and shear behaviour. Ten models of simply supported beams and another eight of cantilever beams were studied by using ANSYS Mechanical APDL software under concentrated and uniform load. The webs were corrugated and oriented in trapezoidal shape in the direction of web cross-sectional plane. Non-linear finite element analysis was studied, and the results show that the corrugated steel webs in I-section steel beams have a low effect on beam flexural resistance and they can enhance beam shear resistance.
Performance Evaluation of Glass Fibre Polyamide (GFP) Composite Transmission Tower
Authors: Bhosale S. A. , Joshi R. R. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In case of steel transmission towers, exposure to moisture, humidity, oxygen and other corrosive agents present in the atmosphere can lead to the formation of rust or corrosion on the surface of the steel members. In terrestrial environments, wind and rain may cause moisture to accumulate on the surface of the towers, providing a perfect breeding ground for corrosion. In marine environments, saltwater can accelerate the corrosion process, as dissolved salts can act as a conductor for electrochemical reactions. It causes the loss of material from the surface of the steel members, resulting in a reduction in their cross-sectional area. This reduced cross-sectional area weakens the load carrying capacity of the affected members and can compromise the overall stability of the tower structure. The degradation of appearance of these steel towers can impact both the functionality and visual appeal of the structure. Corroded towers may become weak and prone to collapse, which can endanger the safety of people and the infrastructure around it. Therefore, composite materials have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional material like steel in various applications, including transmission tower construction. The Glass Fibre Polyamide (GFP) composite material has been used instead of steel. In the present work effort is made to study the various literature reviews in order to study the properties of GFP composite material, different composite material used instead of steel for transmission tower. Transmission tower of 220KV has been modelled in STAAD PRO V8i software by considering GFP composite material. As per transmission tower design guidelines (IS 802.1.1.1995 - Code for Transmission tower design), all the loads acting on transmission tower are calculated manually. Analysis of GFP composite transmission tower has been carried out for normal operating condition and broken condition (one power conductor and earth wire is broken).
Response of prestressed reinforced concrete beam under impact loading through the experiment
Authors: Atul  , Kasilingam Senthil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Dynamic behavior of pre-tensioned prestressed beams under impact loads is a crucial factor to consider when designing and constructing structures. The ability of prestressed concrete beams to resist such loads can have extensive consequences for their safety and performance because these structures are subject to a wide range of loading circumstances, whether static or dynamic. Despite the fact that prestressed concrete beams are often used, there are fewer research studies on responding patterns against dynamic loading. To address this issue, a Experimental study was conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of a prestressed concrete beam under impact loading. The beam has a span of 1.54 meters, cross-sectional area of 150mm x 150mm and M45 grade concrete. 6mm diameter reinforcements were used and applied a total prestressing force of 50kN, which is equivalent to 5 percent of the axially compressive strength of the beam. The beam was subjected to a freely falling impactor of weight 290 kg with a height of 500 mm and to achieve desired impact energy, drop height has been varied. The failure pattern observed in the experiments due to impact load was flexural failure and in prestressed beam it was shear failure. As a conclusion, the peak impact force for prestressed beam was 150 kN which is higher than conventional beam having value of 115 kN. The study offers information about the dynamic behavior and responses of prestressed concrete beams, against impact loading which is beneficial for design consideration.
Analytical and Numerical Investigations of Multilayered Sandwich Structures under Static and Dynamic Conditions
Authors: Shiyekar Sandeep M 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The need for composite materials with important properties like the ratio of strength and weight has become important in many industries such as machinery, construction, automotive and aerospace engineering. This research paper presents the results of numerical studies using “first order shear deformation theory” (FOST) and “finite element method” (FEM) software and compares them with other existing theories in the documentation. The aim is to study the sandwich plate and shell in static and dynamic conditions. Specifically, the FE method was used to examine honeycomb core sandwich composite panels under transverse mechanical loads. This paper demonstrates the response of a honeycomb faced flat plate using FE software. It has been validated by previous research to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the current model. In this study, aluminium honeycomb was used as the main material, and glass fibre material was used to evaluate the modal and static responses in the upper and lower layers of the panels. Static and dynamic analysis of sandwich panels were examined and compared with the available literature to confirm the findings. The sandwich panels were solved using the FE method and modelled in the ABAQUS FE program. The results show that the frequencies obtained by the FEM software are close with literature results.