bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer Simulation of the Least Energy Consuming and Emergency-Free Regimes of Drilling of Hyper Deep Curvilinear Bore-Holes
Authors: Gulyayev V. I. , Andrusenko E. N. , Shlyun N. V. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The problem of computer simulation of mechanical behavior of drill strings in hyper deep vertical, inclined and horizontal bore-holes is stated with the aim of forecasting the possible initiation of emergency situations during carrying out drilling operations. The question of stability and post-critical non-linear deforming and dynamics of the drill strings are considered. It is shown that all of them are singularly perturbed from the mathematical point of view and because of this, they are poorly amenable to theoretical (computational) analysis. The algorithms allowing surmounting these difficulties are proposed.
The software for study of these phenomena is elaborated.
In the stages of design of an elongated curvilinear bore-hole with complicated 3D geometry and technological regimes of their drivage, the elaborated software permits one to construct its trajectory securing the smallest values of resistance forces and to choose the least energy-consuming and safe regimes of drilling. It ensures also the possibility to determine the requirements for the necessary accuracy of the bore-hole drivage and for the acceptable geometrical distortions and imperfections.
In the stage of the bore-hole drivage, the created software permits to calculate forces and moments of resistance forces with allowance made for the real geometry of the bore-hole and admitted distortion of its axial line. It is possible to prognosticate possible emergency situations and design the measures for their exclusion.
At the stage of the emergency situation liquidation, this software allows to simulate the mechanical behavior of the system and its responses to the methods used for elimination of the failure consequences.
Some Specific of Physical, Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Cooled Soils of Pechora and Kara Seas
Authors: Kulikov S.. , Arushanyan L.. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The development of the Arctic shelf provides new tasks to investigators that relate to local site surveys as well as specific type of engineering structuresfor developing a more financially beneficial and safe design solutions. But in both cases, primarily safety of people is important at all stages of construction from the beginning to the end of facility exploitation.
An integrated approach to investigations allows an engineer to see the complete picture of climate and geological conditions of an area of investigation, which allows developing a more accurate design decisions. Unfortunately presently more and more projects are splittedinto smaller objects or even different kinds of work. Now it often happens when one organization performs remote geophysical methods, another processes drilling and other geotechnical engineering, a third one just laboratory tests.
This approach typically leads to situation when geophysicists cannot or difficult to definegeological horizons and reflectors without real soil section knowledge, as well as obtained in laboratory soil strength properties do not allow to provide design decision for contraction installation. As a result, it can be found out that the site is not suitable, when integrated approach and data could define all negative aspects at offshore stage and applicable site could be determined directly in the field with performance of some necessary details, etc. Therefore our company supplies fully the integration approach in surveys that allows developing a safe design solution and economically favorable terms.
Investigations of Coastal Erosion Processes in Varandey area, Barents Sea
Authors: Sinitsyn Anatoly , Guegan Emilie , Kokin Osip , Vergun Aleksey , Udalov Leonty , Ogorodov Stanislav 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
Knowledge on coastal processes is required for construction of robust coastal structures in the Arctic. Pechora sector of the Barents Sea is one of key areas for hydrocarbons production in the Arctic region. Description and analysis of erosion processes in coastal zone of Varandey area are presented. Three areas are considered – Pesyakov Island, Varandey Island, and Continental coastal zone of Malozemelskaya Tundra from Peschanka River to Western part of Medynskiy Zavarot Peninsula (further designated as Medynskiy segment). Varandey and Pesyakov Islands have close geomorphological structure, and present marine terraces from fine sand deposits. The former Island is exposed to erosion due to both, human and natural factors, while the erosion of the latter has only be associated to natural actions. Human factor in Varandey Island mainly consists in removal of sand deposits from avandune and intensive traffic of motorized vehicles on the beach and dunes. Natural factors of erosion on these islands are related to wave action, the deficiency of coarse-grained beach-forming material, the poorly developed profile of submarine coastal slope, and the high gradient of the avandune slopes. One can assess the human factor in erosion processes by comparison of erosion in these two areas. Medynskiy segment is marine terrace composed from dense ice and marine loams and clays. Thermoabrasion plays the main role in coastal erosion here. Techniques of erosion measurements and their results as well as some results of field campaign undertaken in 2012 are presented in the article. Results of preliminary analysis of satellite images from 1961-2012 has confirmed and extended known results on erosion rates in Varandey area obtained from filed surveys conducted between 1987-2012. Results show that erosion on Pesyakov Island was moderate, on Varandey Island – from moderate to rapid, and on Medynskiy segment from moderate to extremely rapid in 1961-2012. Presented results of research can be used as an element for quantitative and qualitative description of erosion over 1961-2012 in Varandey area and are data of primary importance for any further coastal research or coastal engineering designs undertaken in this area.
Influence Assessment Of Suspension Particles Of The Dispersed Near-Bottom Ground On Subsea Pipelines Stability On The Continental Shelf
Authors: Mansurov M.N.. N. , Lapteva T.I.. I. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Recently offshore pipelines are under active construction in the Russian Federation. The main advantages are their operating reliability, cost effectiveness, high efficiency and simplicity of operation. Offshore pipelines require differentiated approach to adopted technical and technological decisions depending on the natural and climatic characteristics of the region. Stability plays an important role for reliable and safe operation of offshore pipelines. One of the main conditions for stability is the strict adherence to standards and rules of calculation and design. But the standards cannot include all factors and force impacts to be taken into account. There are only general requirements to calculation and design of pipeline systems. Whereas the technical feasibility of all basic parameters necessary for reliability of offshore pipelines must be chosen and substantiated on early stages of design.
Stability of a pipeline depends on environmental loads and the trench (seabed) profile [1]. When calculating stability it is assumed that pipeline must preserve stable position on the seabed even in maximum possible seabed deformations in places where no soil layer is designed above the pipeline. Where there is no current influencing the trench of pipeline filled with the transported product buoyant force equal to the float displacement will be acting. Float displacement depends on the water-mass density: increase of density results in increase of buoyant force and reduction of pipeline stability on the bottom of the watered trench.
Works for development of hydrocarbon offshore fields (offshore pipeline lay, dumping) lead to concentration of suspended matter that manifold exceeds the natural level (figure 1). Time of existence and extent of suspended matter cloud can be determined by factors, the most significant of which are as follows: method of dredging (implementation of machines - dredging machines, sand suckers, hydraulic monitors, etc.); method and scope of disposal; current speed and depth at the disposal point; granulometric composition of suspended matter.
Heat Flow and Filtration of Seawater in the Coastal Zone of the Arctic Shelf
Authors: Fomin Y.V.. V. , Zhmur V.V.. V. , Marchenko A.V.. V. , Onishchenko D.A.. A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Research sire for the monitoring of heat transfer processes in soils around the pipeline landfall from the shore to sea was organized and equipped in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen. The data on soil temperature and pore pressure, sea water temperature and tidal variations of the water level are collected for one year of the measurement. Semi-diurnal variations of soil temperature and pore pressure are discovered in all measurement locations. Vertical and horizontal heat fluxes are calculated using the collected data.
Stability and Strength of the Subsea Pipeline Under Iceberg Load in Arctic
Authors: Papusha Alexander , Kazunin Dmitry , Gontarev Denis , Vasilevich Vasily , Kyalbieva Sevar 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The article describes a method of investigation the impact of the ice field on the dive sites offshore oil in Arctic. There is an example of the calculation of the durability and steadiness of large diameter offshore (sea) pipeline, laid in the ground with a deep when pairing offshore and onshore areas with the influence of ice formation.
The study shows that even small seas compared to the ocean icebergs ice formation in the Arctic of the Northern Russian lead to loss of steadiness and shape of the steel pipe and lead to the destruction of the outer concrete coating line.
The paper also describes the basic design decisions made with consideration of the impact of ice formations on offshore oil facilities, and provides a map of the waters of the Russian Arctic with zones marked on it with the possible danger to the objects which are under study.
The map was compiled from publicly available data into account AARI, monographs of researchers of Arctic region, as well as the bathymetry.
New OGP Good Practice Guide: Environmental Management in Arctic Oil and Gas Operations
Authors: Sarybekova Lyazzat , Parker James G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The hydrocarbon basins in the Arctic are thought to hold a significant proportion of the world’s remaining undiscovered hydrocarbon reserves. Exploration in the region has been taking place for almost a century, with more that 500 wells drilled offshore and many thousands onshore, and will continue under the licence and invitation from sovereign governments.
Yet there is a growing international interest in the various governance aspects of the Arctic and ever greater appreciation that its natural resources need to be developed with proper regard for the environmental and social settings. In addition to the stringent domestic legislation and international treaties, there are numerous forums for bringing together the policy makers, indigenous people and scientists to develop a common understanding of Arctic matters and ensure that oil and gas exploration in the region is done safely.
The International Oil & Gas Producers Association (OGP), its partners and individual member companies are committed to improving the industry’s performance and have actively contributed to the development of industry standards for protecting
the Arctic environment, both offshore and onshore. Recognising recent advances in design, technology and operational practice, OGP has updated and strengthened its existing guidelines in a consolidated Arctic Environment Good Practice Guide (Arctic GPG or the Guide).
The Guide provides essential information on the oil and gas interests in the Arctic and the challenges faced by operators; it describes the legislative and governance frameworks across the Arctic nations and the role of the peoples of the Arctic; it provides generic descriptions of the physical and biological environment of both onshore and offshore, including the sensitivities to development. It examines potential environmental impacts of oil and gas developments and the mitigation measures that are normally adopted. The Guide is written mostly for Arctic operations, but may include relevant management practices for the use in other similar environments.
Determination of Professional Fitness of Shift Workers in Accordance with The Phase Assessment of Environmental Factors in the Far North
Authors: Korneeva Ya. A. , Simonova N. N. , Degteva G. N. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The shift professional activities in the Far North have high requirements for the creation of conditions for successful adaptation. Adaptability of workers directly linked to professional competence, ie a set of qualities, properties, rights that underpin the success of the fitness formation for a particular activity (activity). Extremity shift work due to constant exposure to adverse climatic and geographical factors, the need for constant commuting, so that employees are constantly experiencing periods of "adaptation - the re-adaptation", a high intensity of labor in the rotational period. Thus, because of an implicit zone of uncertainty shift workers in the Far North is possible to form individual style. The results of the research, in shift workers with different experience may be formed by four types of adaptation strategies: differentiated Rush, Rush stereotype, economical and differentiated economical stereotype.
The development of mineral deposits in the Far North and the Arctic is a priority policy of the Russian Federation. [10]
Far North and Arctic regions are characterized by extreme climatic factors and the conditions vital activity (low population density, distance from major industrial centers, high resource intensity of economic activities and livelihoods due to the dependence on the supply of fuel, food and essential commodities from other regions of Russia) in these areas are used shift method of work organization.
Professional shift work in the Far North has high requirements for the creation of conditions for the physiological, psychological and socio-psychological adaptation.
Extremity of this work is due to constant exposure to unfavorable climatic and geographical, industrial and social and domestic factors, the need for constant pendulum migration, so that employees are constantly experiencing the processes of "adaptation – the re-adaptation", a high intensity of labor in the shift period. Despite great efforts to reduce the impact of negative factors, professional activity in the Far North is one of the extremes professional activities. Therefore, the attention of researchers is aimed not only at ensuring the necessary conditions, but also to the study of adaptive resources and professional fitness of the employee. Since the reaction of an organism and mind to negative factors characterized by a great individuality and individual diversity, one of the most promising ways to reduce the negative consequences of the North is an approach that takes into account this diversity not only on the physiological, but also on a psychological level.
Ziv-aflibercept: A novel angiogenesis inhibitor for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Chung Clement , Pherwani Nisha 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, safety, and administration of ziv-aflibercept in combination therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are reviewed.

Summary
Ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and sanofi-aventis) is a novel recombinant fusion protein that targets the angiogenesis signaling pathway of tumor cells by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors that play a key role in tumor growth and metastasis; it is a more potent VEGF blocker than bevacizumab. Ziv-aflibercept is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in combination with fluorouracil, irinotecan, and leucovorin (the FOLFIRI regimen) for second-line treatment of patients with mCRC who have disease progression during first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. A Phase III trial demonstrated that relative to FOLFIRI therapy alone, the use of ziv-aflibercept was associated with significantly improved patient response, overall survival, and progression-free survival in patients with good performance status at baseline, including some who had received prior bevacizumab therapy. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse effects associated with ziv-aflibercept use in clinical studies were neutropenia, hypertension, and diarrhea; the U.S. product labeling warns of potential hemorrhage and other treatment-related risks.

Conclusion
Current clinical data are insufficient to directly compare ziv-aflibercept and bevacizumab when used with standard combination chemotherapy as first- or second-line regimens for mCRC. The role of ziv-aflibercept is currently limited to the second-line setting in combination with irinotecan-based regimens in mCRC patients who have not received irinotecan previously. The role of ziv-aflibercept in chemotherapy for other tumor types is yet to be determined.
Do Analysts Follow Managers Who Switch Companies? An Analysis of Relationships in the Capital Markets
Authors: Brochet Francois , Miller Gregory S. , Srinivasan Suraj 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
We examine the importance of professional relationships developed between analysts and managers by investigating analyst coverage decisions in the context of CEO and CFO moves between publicly listed firms. We find that top executive moves from an origin firm to a destination firm trigger analysts following the origin firm to initiate coverage of the destination firm in 10 percent of our sample, which is significantly higher than in a matched sample. Analyst-manager “co-migration” is significantly stronger when both firms are within the same industry. Analysts who move with managers to the destination firm exhibit more intense and accurate coverage of the origin firm than they do in other firms and compared to other analysts covering the origin firm. The advantage no longer holds after the executive's departure, and most of the analysts' advantage does not carry over to the destination firm. However, the analysts do increase the overall market capitalization of firms in their coverage portfolio. Our results hold after Regulation Fair Disclosure, suggesting that these relationships are not based on selective disclosure. Overall, the evidence shows both the importance and limitations of professional relationships in capital markets.
Data Availability: Data are publicly available from sources identified in the article.
Long-Term Effects of the Booster-Enhanced READY-Girls Preconception Counseling Program on Intentions and Behaviors for Family Planning in Teens With Diabetes
Authors: Charron-Prochownik Denise , Sereika Susan M. , Becker Dorothy , White Neil H. , Schmitt Patricia , Powell A. Blair , Diaz Ana Maria , Jones Jacquelyn , Herman William H. , Rodgers Fischl Andrea F. , McEwen Laura , DiNardo Monica , Guo Feng , Downs Julie 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To examine 12-month effects of a booster-enhanced preconception counseling (PC) program (READY-Girls) on family planning for teen girls with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants 13–19 years of age (n = 109) were randomized to a standard care control group (CG) or intervention group (IG) that received PC over three consecutive clinic visits. Prepost data were collected at baseline, 3- and 6-month booster sessions, and a 12-month follow-up visit.

RESULTS
Mean age was 15.8 years; 9 (8%) subjects had type 2 diabetes; and 18 (17%) subjects were African American. At baseline, 20% (n = 22 of 109) had been sexually active, and of these, 50% (n = 11) had at least one episode of unprotected sex. Over time, IG participants retained greater PC knowledge (F[6, 541] = 4.05, P = 0.0005) and stronger intentions regarding PC (significant group-by-time effects) especially after boosters. IG participants had greater intentions to discuss PC (F[6, 82.4] = 2.56, P = 0.0254) and BC (F[6, 534] = 3.40, P = 0.0027) with health care providers (HCPs) and seek PC when planning a pregnancy (F[6, 534] = 2.58, P = 0.0180). Although not significant, IG participants, compared with CG, showed a consistent trend toward lower rates of overall sexual activity over time: less sexual debut (35 vs. 41%) and higher rates of abstinence (44 vs. 32%). No pregnancies were reported in either group throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS
READY-Girls appeared to have long-term sustaining effects on PC knowledge, beliefs, and intentions to initiate discussion with HCPs that could improve reproductive health behaviors and outcomes. Strong boosters and providing PC at each clinic visit could play important roles in sustaining long-term effects.
Total and Cause-Specific Mortality by Elevated Transferrin Saturation and Hemochromatosis Genotype in Individuals With Diabetes: Two General Population Studies
Authors: Ellervik Christina , Mandrup-Poulsen Thomas , Tybjærg-Hansen Anne , Nordestgaard Børge G. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
Mortality is increased in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis, in individuals from the general population with increased transferrin saturation (TS), and also in patients with type 1 diabetes and increased TS from a highly specialized diabetes clinic. Thus, we have recommended targeted screening for TS in specialized diabetes clinics. Whether mortality is also increased in individuals from the general population with diabetes and increased TS is unknown.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In two Danish population studies (N = 84,865), we examined mortality according to baseline levels of TS and hemochromatosis genotype (HFE) G → A substitution at nucleotide 845 in codon 282 (C282Y/C282Y) in individuals with diabetes (type 1, N = 118; type 2, N = 3,228; total, N = 3,346).

RESULTS
The cumulative survival rate was reduced in individuals with diabetes with TS ≥50% vs. &lt;50% (log-rank; P &lt; 0.0001), with median survival ages of 66 and 79 years, respectively. The hazard ratio (HR) for TS ≥50% vs. &lt;50% was 2.0 (95% CI 1.3–2.8; P = 0.0004) for total mortality overall (and similar for men and women separately); 2.6 (1.3–5.4; P = 0.008) for neoplasms; and 3.4 (2.0–6.0; P = 0.00002) for endocrinological causes. A stepwise increased risk of total mortality was observed for stepwise increasing TS (log-rank test, P = 0.0001), with an HR for TS ≥70% vs. TS &lt;20% of 4.8 (2.0–12; P = 0.0006). The HR for total mortality in individuals with diabetes for C282Y/C282Y versus wild type/wild type was 3.3 (1.04–10; P = 0.04), and for C282Y/C282Y and TS ≥50% versus wild type/wild type and TS &lt;50% was 6.0 (1.5–24; P = 0.01). Six percent of these premature deaths can possibly be avoided by early screening for TS or HFE genotype.

CONCLUSIONS
Individuals with diabetes, ascertained in the general population, with increased TS or HFE genotype have a twofold to sixfold increased risk of premature death.