bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretransplant coronary artery disease associated with worse clinical outcomes in pancreas transplantation
Authors: Mangus Richard S. , Powelson John , Kinsella Sandra B. , Farar Damond T. , Creal Cristina A. , Fridell Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is common in patients with type I diabetes and may be associated with worse outcomes in patients undergoing pancreas transplantation (PT). This study evaluates PT patients to determine the pre transplant prevalence of CAD and assesses the post‐transplant outcomes including complications and survival.MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of PTs from 2003 to 2011. Diagnosis of CAD required cardiac catheterization. Outcomes included: myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and survival.ResultsThere were 405 transplants in 389 patients with median follow‐up of 56 months. Pre transplant prevalence of CAD was 19% (n = 74). There was no increased risk of perioperative, 90‐d or one‐yr mortality for patients with CAD. The CAD group did have increased risk of MI (11% vs. 1%, p < 0.001) and stroke (8% vs. 3%, p = 0.02). Controlling for patient and donor age, and history of CAD, the CAD group had decreased patient survival at five yr (82% vs. 90%, p = 0.09, HR 1.77) by Cox regression.ConclusionsPatients with type I diabetes and CAD have increased risk of MI and stroke post‐pancreas transplant, with decreased five‐yr survival. Patients without CAD and a negative pre transplant cardiac evaluation carry a low risk of post‐transplant MI.
What are the links between maternal social status, hippocampal function, and HPA axis function in children?
Authors: Sheridan Margaret A. , How Joan , Araujo Melanie , Schamberg Michelle A. , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe association of parental social status with multiple health and achievement indicators in adulthood has driven researchers to attempt to identify mechanisms by which social experience in childhood could shift developmental trajectories. Some accounts for observed linkages between parental social status in childhood and health have hypothesized that early stress exposure could result in chronic disruptions in hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis activation, and that this activation could lead to long‐term changes. A robust literature in adult animals has demonstrated that chronic HPA axis activation leads to changes in hippocampal structure and function. In the current study, consistent with studies in animals, we observe an association between both maternal self‐rated social status and hippocampal activation in children and between maternal self‐rated social status and salivary cortisol in children.
Dynamics of Male–Female Multimodal Signaling Behavior across the Estrous Cycle in Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Owen Megan A. , Swaisgood Ronald R. , McGeehan Laura , Zhou Xiaoping , Lindburg Donald G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractGiant panda courtship behavior includes multimodal signaling assemblages consisting of olfactory, vocal, and postural elements. While signaling is generally conspicuous, successful copulation is inconsistently achieved in captivity, even when female behavioral and physiological data indicate that ovulation is imminent. We set out to characterize these complex patterns of social behavior by observing interactions between 26 unique pairs of giant pandas housed in adjoining pens throughout the females' reproductive cycle. We categorized social behaviors from a transactional perspective and examined social exchanges via analyses of the relative frequency of social behaviors, and via the sequential relationship between male and female social behavior. From non‐estrus to peak‐estrus, we found that the relative frequency of female affiliative and sexual behavior increased and that the relative frequency of ambivalent and aggressive behavior decreased. Male behavior was fairly constant, except for sexual behavior, which increased during peak‐estrus, when it was facilitated by female sexual behavior. Sequential analysis of social interactions showed that preceding behavior had a significant influence over the other panda's response behavior primarily during peak‐estrus, suggesting that pandas are most responsive to conspecific signaling during the peri‐ovulatory period. However, behavioral momentum was a dominant feature of the intra‐individual transitions. Females maintained sexual, ambivalent, and neutral behavior during interactions significantly more than would be expected by chance, with male behavior bearing little influence once the behavior was initiated. A similar pattern was also observed in males, who maintained affiliative, interested, and neutral behaviors. Overall, our data suggest that the multimodal signals used by giant pandas during courtship do not consistently evoke a discrete, immediate response from receivers. Instead, signals appear to advertise reproductive condition and influence potential mates over longer timeframes, suggesting the potential tonic role of communication.
Large fluctuations in the effective population size of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. during vector control cycle
Authors: Hodges Theresa K. , Athrey Giridhar , Deitz Kevin C. , Overgaard Hans J. , Matias Abrahan , Caccone Adalgisa , Slotman Michel A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractOn Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, indoor residual spraying (IRS) has been part of the Bioko Island Malaria Control Project since early 2004. Despite success in reducing childhood infections, areas of high transmission remain on the island. We therefore examined fluctuations in the effective population size (Ne) of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae in an area of persistent high transmission over two spray rounds. We analyzed data for 13 microsatellite loci from 791 An. gambiae specimens collected at six time points in 2009 and 2010 and reconstructed the demographic history of the population during this period using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC). Our analysis shows that IRS rounds have a large impact on Ne, reducing it by 65%–92% from prespray round Ne. More importantly, our analysis shows that after 3–5 months, the An. gambiae population rebounded by 2818% compared shortly following the spray round. Our study underscores the importance of adequate spray round frequency to provide continuous suppression of mosquito populations and that increased spray round frequency should substantially improve the efficacy of IRS campaigns. It also demonstrates the ability of ABC to reconstruct a detailed demographic history across only a few tens of generations in a large population.
Implementing haemophilia care in Senegal, West Africa
Authors: Diop S. , Seck M. , Sy‐Bah D. , Faye B. F. , Sow‐Ndoye A. , Gueye Y. B. , Senghor A. B. , Sall‐Fall A. , Toure‐Fall A. O. , Dièye T. N. , Thiam D. , Diakhate L. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDespite significant progres on haemophilia care in developed world, this disease remains unknown in many sub‐Saharan African countries. The objectives of this article were to report Senegalese experience on the management of haemophilia care through 18 years of follow‐up. This cohort study included 140 patients (127 haemophilia A, 13 haemophilia B), followed in Dakar's haemophilia treatment centre from 1995 to 2012. Our study reported a prevalence of 2.3/100 000 male births, accounting for 11.6% of what is expected in Senegal. From the period 1995–2003 to 2004–2012, significant progress was seen including 67.9% increase in new patient's identification, 11.3 years reduction in mean age at diagnosis (from 15.5 to 4.2 years), lower mortality rate (from 15.3% to 6.8%) and age at death evolved from 6.5 to 23.3 years. Of the 50 haemophilia A patients who were tested for inhibitor presence, 10 were positive (eight severe and two moderate) that is prevalence of 20%. All patients were low responders since inhibitor titre was between 1.5 and 3.8 BU. Disabilities were seen in 36.5% of patients above 20 years old who had musculoskeletal sequels and 39% had no scholar or professional activities in our setting. Implementing haemophilia care in sub‐Saharan Africa is a great challenge as this disease is not yet counted in national health problems in many countries. Lessons learned from this study show a significant improvement in diagnosis and prognosis parameters. This emphasizes the needs to set up such follow‐up initiatives and to enhance medical and lay cooperation for better results.
Status of ten self‐etch adhesives for bonding to dentin of primary teeth
Authors: Krämer Norbert , Tilch David , Lücker Susanne , Frankenberger Roland 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveAim of this in vitro study was to compare self‐etch adhesives regarding microtensile bond strength (μ‐TBS) to dentin of primary teeth.MethodsFifty freshly extracted primary molars were ground to expose caries‐free dentin. Specimens were bonded with ten self‐etch adhesives (iBond self‐etch/Heraeus, Xeno V+/Dentsply, G‐Bond, Gaenial Bond/GC, BeautiBond/Shofu, AdheSE One F/Ivoclar Vivadent, Adper Easy Bond/3M ESPE, Clearfil SE Bond/Kuraray, OptiBond XTR/KerrHawe, Prime&Bond NT/Dentsply). After 24‐h storage (distilled water, 37°C), resin–dentin beams were cut and 848 resin–dentin sticks were subjected to μ‐TBS tests. Fracture analysis was carried out at 40× magnification under a fluorescence microscope and under a SEM.ResultsThree adhesives (iBond SE, Clearfil SE Bond, Prime&Bond NT) did not suffer pre‐test failures (PTF). AdheSE One F revealed the largest portion of PTF (28%; P < 0.05). Clearfil SE Bond and OptiBond XTR exhibited more cohesive fractures than the other adhesives (77.3% vs 64.8%; P < 0.05). iBond SE, Gaenial Bond, Clearfil SE, and OptiBond XTR achieved μ‐TBS of >60 MPa, whereas Xeno V+ and AdheSE One F ranged only at ~20 MPa (P < 0.05).ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, the self‐etch adhesives under investigation proved different extents of initial μ‐TBS to primary dentin with iBond SE, Gaenial Bond, Clearfil SE, and OptiBond XTR having been most successful.
Against Respecting Each Others' Differences
Authors: Balint Peter 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn contrast to multicultural theory, which in discussions of respect for difference has primarily focussed on the state as the agent of respect, multicultural policy has instead tended to focus on citizens themselves as the potential agents of this sort of respect. This article examines the plausibility of this type of respect (which is advocated by some theorists too), and argues that is not a reasonable or necessary demand. While there are several different ways of understanding respect — most of which focus on respecting persons — none seem capable of doing the work required for it to enable either the adequate or reasonable accommodation of diversity in a liberal society. More specifically, I use Darwall's influential distinction between appraisal and recognition respect — the latter in a broad non‐moralised sense — to make my case. While appraisal respect for difference may be theoretically easy to dismiss, it is not uncommon in multicultural policy. On the other hand, recognition respect — which is more behavioural than attitudinal — may appear a more plausible candidate. Yet it too remains overly demanding for individual citizens, especially, and most importantly, in difficult cases. I conclude that tolerance of difference (coming out of respect for citizenship) is a more appropriate demand on the individual.
Relationship Between Inter‐Arm Difference in Systolic Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Canepa Marco , Milaneschi Yuri , Ameri Pietro , AlGhatrif Majd , Leoncini Giovanna , Spallarossa Paolo , Pontremoli Roberto , Brunelli Claudio , Strait James B. , Lakatta Edward G. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: August 2013

A significant inter‐arm difference in systolic blood pressure (IADSBP) has recently been associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. The authors hypothesized that part of this association is mediated by arterial stiffness, and examined the relationship between significant IADSBP and carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (CF‐PWV) in a sample from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Of 1045 participants, 50 (4.8%) had an IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg at baseline, and 629 had completed data from ≥2 visits (for a total of 1704 visits during 8 years). CF‐PWV was significantly higher in patients with an IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg (7.3±1.9 vs 8.2±2, P=.002). Compared with others, patients with IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg also had higher body mass index, waist circumference, and triglycerides; higher prevalence of diabetes; and lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P<.001 for all). A significant association with IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg was observed for CF‐PWV in both cross‐sectional (odds ratio [OR], 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.87; P=.01) and longitudinal (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.03–1.29; P=.01) multivariate analyses. Female sex, Caucasian race, high body mass index (plus diabetes and low HDL cholesterol only cross‐sectionally) were other independent correlates of IADSBP ≥10 mm Hg. Significant IADSBP is associated with increased arterial stiffness in community‐dwelling older adults.
Unesterified docosahexaenoic acid is protective in neuroinflammation
Authors: Orr Sarah K. , Palumbo Sara , Bosetti Francesca , Mount Howard T. , Kang Jing X. , Greenwood Carol E. , Ma David W. L. , Serhan Charles N. , Bazinet Richard P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) is the major brain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and it is possible that docosahexaenoic acid is anti‐inflammatory in the brain as it is known to be in other tissues. Using a combination of models including the fat‐1 transgenic mouse, chronic dietary n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid modulation in transgenic and wild‐type mice, and acute direct brain infusion, we demonstrated that unesterified docosahexaenoic acid attenuates neuroinflammation initiated by intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharide. Hippocampal neuroinflammation was assessed by gene expression and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, docosahexaenoic acid protected against lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuronal loss. Acute intracerebroventricular infusion of unesterified docosahexaenoic acid or its 12/15‐lipoxygenase product and precursor to protectins and resolvins, 17S‐hydroperoxy‐docosahexaenoic acid, mimics anti‐neuroinflammatory aspects of chronically increased unesterified docosahexaenoic acid. LC‐MS/MS revealed that neuroprotectin D1 and several other docosahexaenoic acid‐derived specialized pro‐resolving mediators are present in the hippocampus. Acute intracerebroventricular infusion of 17S‐hydroperoxy‐docosahexaenoic acid increases hippocampal neuroprotectin D1 levels concomitant to attenuating neuroinflammation. These results show that unesterified docosahexaenoic acid is protective in a lipopolysaccharide‐initiated mouse model of acute neuroinflammation, at least in part, via its conversion to specialized pro‐resolving mediators; these docosahexaenoic acid stores may provide novel targets for the prevention and treatment(s) of neurological disorders with a neuroinflammatory component.
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Our study shows that chronically increased brain unesterified DHA levels, but not solely phospholipid DHA levels, attenuate neuroinflammation. Similar attenuations occur with acute increases in brain unesterified DHA or 17S‐HpDHA levels, highlighting the importance of an available pool of precursor unesterified DHA for the production of enzymatically derived specialized pro‐resolving mediators that are critical in the regulation of neuroinflammation.
Including species interactions in resource selection of guanacos and livestock in Northern Patagonia
Authors: Schroeder N. M. , Ovejero R. , Moreno P. G. , Gregorio P. , Taraborelli P. , Matteucci S. D. , Carmanchahi P. D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSpecies occurrence depends on both environmental and biotic factors (species interactions). Consideration of species interactions when estimating functions of population distribution is unusual, and may be crucial to understand and predict how species use space and resources. In this study, we combine resource selection probability functions (RSPFs) with a model selection approach based on information theory to evaluate how biotic (interspecific interactions) and abiotic (environmental) factors affect resource selection of guanacos Lama guanicoe and livestock (goats, sheep, cattle and horses) in two seasonal periods. We first test different a priori hypotheses of the environmental effects on guanacos and livestock occurrence (i.e. foraging, predation/topography and human effect hypotheses), then we assess model performance with independent data, and finally we use validated models of each species as predictors of the interaction between them. In all seasons, L. guanicoe occurrence was influenced by both environment and livestock interactions, especially small livestock (goats and sheep). Guanacos selected for habitats characterized by high temporal variability in plant productivity and away from potential human contact. In all seasons, L. guanicoe was negatively related to the RSPF of small livestock, but the reverse was not the case, suggesting that L. guanicoe avoids sites used by goats and sheep. In contrast, livestock was mainly affected by environmental variables related to human presence and was not affected by the interactions with herbivores. Contrary to our predictions, goats and sheep were also associated with less productive sites, probably indicating strong degradation of the sites to which they are restricted. Our results suggest a spatial segregation between L. guanicoe and domestic herbivores throughout the year, which is explained by competitive interactions of L. guanicoe with small livestock but also in response to vegetation productivity and human pressure. This study shows the importance of including species interaction effects in habitat modeling.
How children talk together to make meaning from texts: a dialogic perspective on reading comprehension strategies
Authors: Maine Fiona 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis study considers reading comprehension as a dialogic transaction of making meaning from text. The concept of text and reading is taken to include the visual and multimodal as well as written forms. Case studies of children discussing texts are analysed to explore how children engage in inter‐mental and intra‐mental processes of reading, between themselves as readers and between themselves and the text. The findings show that children's use of language, which is open, hypothetical and questioning, enables different interpretations and priorities for discussion. The use of imagination and empathy, to enter the world of the text to understand it, trigger creative responses as the children make meaning together. More than merely promoting the teaching of comprehension skills to children, the paper demonstrates how meaningful and exciting responses can be promoted through children reading together and teachers encouraging creative dialogue.
High‐throughput genomics in sorghum: from whole‐genome resequencing to a SNP screening array
Authors: Bekele Wubishet A. , Wieckhorst Silke , Friedt Wolfgang , Snowdon Rod J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryWith its small, diploid and completely sequenced genome, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is highly amenable to genomics‐based breeding approaches. Here, we describe the development and testing of a robust single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array platform that enables polymorphism screening for genome‐wide and trait‐linked polymorphisms in genetically diverse S. bicolor populations. Whole‐genome sequences with 6× to 12× coverage from five genetically diverse S. bicolor genotypes, including three sweet sorghums and two grain sorghums, were aligned to the sorghum reference genome. From over 1 million high‐quality SNPs, we selected 2124 Infinium Type II SNPs that were informative in all six source genomes, gave an optimal Assay Design Tool (ADT) score, had allele frequencies of 50% in the six genotypes and were evenly spaced throughout the S. bicolor genome. Furthermore, by phenotype‐based pool sequencing, we selected an additional 876 SNPs with a phenotypic association to early‐stage chilling tolerance, a key trait for European sorghum breeding. The 3000 attempted bead types were used to populate half of a dual‐species Illumina iSelect SNP array. The array was tested using 564 Sorghum spp. genotypes, including offspring from four unrelated recombinant inbred line (RIL) and F2 populations and a genetic diversity collection. A high call rate of over 80% enabled validation of 2620 robust and polymorphic sorghum SNPs, underlining the efficiency of the array development scheme for whole‐genome SNP selection and screening, with diverse applications including genetic mapping, genome‐wide association studies and genomic selection.
Free and intra‐aggregate organic matter as indicators of soil quality change in volcanic soils under contrasting crop rotations
Authors: Zagal E. , Córdova C. , Sohi S. P. , Powlson D. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSoil physical fractionation techniques may provide indicators of changing soil organic carbon (SOC) content; however, they have not been widely tested on volcanic soils (Andisols). In this study, we assessed two fractions as potential indicators in volcanic soils, using two sites in Chile converted from natural grassland to arable and mixed crop rotations, 8 and 16 yr previously. In the 8‐yr experiment, SOC had declined under all rotations, with smaller changes where the rotation included 3 or 5 yr of perennial pasture. Whereas the average SOC was only 76% of the level in the preceding natural grassland, the corresponding value after 16 yr for the second site was 98% (and 93% under continuous arable), probably reflecting its high allophane clay content. The fractionation procedure tested proved applicable to both Andisols, but the intra‐aggregate light fraction (IA‐SOM, isolated in sodium iodide solution at 1.80 g/cm3 after ultrasonic dispersion) accounted for a very small proportion of total SOC (<1%). We suggest that in Andisols, the free light fraction (FR‐SOM, isolated in sodium iodide at solution of the same density, but prior to ultrasonic dispersion) is stabilised to a greater extent than in nonvolcanic soils, and the intra‐aggregate fraction plays a more minor role as a pool of intermediate turnover. The relative value of each fraction needs to be confirmed through dynamic experiments, using more sites, and including situations where SOC content is initially low.