bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borrelidin has limited anti‐cancer effects in bcl‐2 overexpressing breast cancer and leukemia cells and reveals toxicity in non‐malignant breast epithelial cells
Authors: Gafiuc Diana , Weiß Marlene , Mylonas Ioannis , Brüning Ansgar 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTClinically effective anti‐cancer drugs have to tread a narrow line between selective cytotoxicity on tumor cells and tolerable adverse effects against healthy tissues. This causes the failure of many potential cancer drugs in advanced clinical trials, hence signifying the importance of a comprehensive initial estimate of the cytotoxicity of prospective anti‐cancer drugs in preclinical studies. In this study, the cytotoxicity of borrelidin, a macrolide antibiotic with a high cytotoxic selectivity for proliferating endothelial cells and leukemia cells, was tested on malignant and non‐malignant breast cells. Highly metastatic breast cancer cell lines (MDA‐MB‐231 and MDA‐MB‐435) showed promising results and exhibited good sensitivity to borrelidin at low nanomolar concentrations, but borrelidin was cytotoxic to a non‐malignant breast epithelial cell line (MCF10A) as well. Furthermore, although a high sensitivity of endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells; HUVEC) and individual leukemia cell lines (Jurkat and IM9) to borrelidin was confirmed in this study, another leukemia cell line (HL60) and an immortalized endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) displayed a significantly decreased sensitivity. Reduced sensitivity to borrelidin was associated with elevated bcl‐2 expression in these cell lines. In conclusion, the results presented show that borrelidin displays high and selective cytotoxicity against subgroups of cancer cells and endothelial cells, but, owing to its non‐specific toxicity to non‐malignant cells, its clinical application might be restricted because of likely adverse effects and limited efficacy in bcl2‐overexpressing cancer cells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vivo evaluation of tissue‐based biomaterials in a rat full‐thickness abdominal wall defect model
Authors: Bryan Nicholas , Ahswin Helen , Smart Neil , Bayon Yves , Wohlert Stephen , Hunt John A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHernias are defects in which an anatomical fascia is breached resulting in ectopic positioning of an organ into an orifice which routinely does not contain it. Intervention often involves repositioning translocated organs and repair of damaged fascia using exogenous grafts. Despite hernia prevalence, repairs can still fail due to postoperative complications, such as chronic pain and decreased mobility. This study compared repair capacities and characterized the foreign body response elicited by a number of hernia repair grafts to deduce their bulk inflammatory properties while also concluding the point in their fabrication when these are inferred. Materials derived from human dermis (Alloderm®), porcine dermis (Permacol™, patch A, patch D and Strattice®), porcine small‐intestinal submucosa (Surgisis™) and a synthetic (multifilament Surgipro™) were implanted into a rat full‐thickness abdominal wall excision model, incubated for up to 2 years and characterized histopathologically. Surgisis™ resorbed the fastest of the materials tested (1–3 months) resulting in a mechanically stable parietal peritoneum. Decellularization using sodium dodecyl sulfate (patch A) stimulated a large early inflammatory response which ultimately may have contributed to increased resorption of porcine dermal matrix however the remaining materials typically persisted throughout the 2‐year incubation. Cross‐linking porcine dermis using 1,6‐hexamethylene disocyanate (vs. an identical noncross‐linked counterpart) showed no difference in cell recruitment or material integration over 2 years. Typically Strattice® and Alloderm® recruited larger early populations of cells than Permacol™; however, over extended periods of time in vivo this response normalized. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 709–720, 2014.
Impact of virus clearance for the development of hemorrhagic stroke in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Arase Yasuji , Kobayashi Mariko , Kawamura Yusuke , Suzuki Fumitaka , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Akuta Norio , Kobayashi Masahiro , Sezaki Hitomi , Saito Satoshi , Hosaka Tetsuya , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu , Kobayashi Tetsuro 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the cumulative incidence and predictive factors for intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke after the termination of interferon (IFN) therapy in Japanese patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). A total of 4,649 HCV‐positive patients treated with IFN were enrolled. The primary goal is the first onset of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. The mean observation period was 8.0 years. Evaluation was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model. A P‐value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 28 developed intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke was 0.3% at 5 years, 0.8% at 10 years, and 1.7% at 15 years. Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke occurred when patients had age increments of 10 years (hazard ratio: 2.77; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48–5.18; P = 0.001), hypertension (hazard ratio: 2.30; 95% CI 1.09–4.83; P = 0.021), liver cirrhosis (hazard ratio: 4.50; 95% CI 2.07–9.78; P < 0.001), and HCV non‐clearance (hazard ratio: 3.22; 95% CI 1.22–8.53; P = 0.018). On the intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke based on the difference of liver fibrosis and efficacy of IFN therapy, HCV clearance reduced to 24.3% (1/4.11) compared to HCV non‐clearance in cirrhotic patients (P = 0.040). In conclusion, HCV clearance reduced the development of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke. In particular, HCV clearance reduced intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke to about one‐fourth in cirrhotic patients. J. Med. Virol. 86:169–175, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetics of 25‐hydroperoxycholesterol formation during photo‐oxidation of crystalline cholesterol
Authors: Medina‐Meza Ilce Gabriela , Rodriguez‐Estrada Maria Teresa , Lercker Giovanni , Barnaba Carlo , García Hugo Sergio 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUND25‐Hydroxycholesterol (25‐OH), a side‐chain product of cholesterol oxidation, has emerged as one of the important issues in food chemistry and biochemistry, because of its involvement in several human pathologies. This oxysterol is derived from both enzymatic and non‐enzymatic pathways. However, the latter mechanism has been scarcely studied in either food or model systems. In this work, a kinetic model was developed to evaluate the formation of 25‐OH and its precursor 25‐hydroperoxycholesterol (25‐OOH) during photo‐oxidation of cholesterol for 28 days under fluorescent light. 25‐OOH was estimated by an indirect method, using thin‐layer chromatography coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.RESULTSPeroxide value (POV) and cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were determined. POV showed a hyperbolic behavior, typical of a crystalline system in which the availability of cholesterol is the limiting factor. Further reactions of hydroperoxides were followed; in particular, after photo‐oxidation, 25‐OOH (0.55 mg g−1) and 25‐OH (0.08 mg g−1) were found in cholesterol, as well as seven other oxysterols, including 7‐hydroxy and 5,6‐epoxy derivatives. The application of kinetic models to the data showed good correlation with theoretical values, allowing derivation of the kinetic parameters for each oxidation route.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this work confirm that cholesterol in the crystalline state involves different oxidation patterns as compared to cholesterol in solution. Moreover, the numerical fit proved that hydroperoxidation is the rate‐limiting step in 25‐OH formation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of extraction solvents and plant parts used on the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects ofGarcinia atroviridis: a comparative study
Authors: Al‐Mansoub Majed Ahmed , Asmawi Mohd. Zaini , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDGarcinia atroviridisis a seasonal fruit plant found in many parts of South East Asia. The fruit rind is used in cooking and traditionally consumed for various reasons, including to lower blood cholesterol. A comparative study was undertaken to investigate the influence of extraction solvents and plant parts used on the lipid‐lowering and antioxidant activities ofGarcinia atroviridis.RESULTSAqueous extracts showed better antihyperlipidemic activity than the methanol extracts. Aqueous extract of ripe fruit showed the most potent antihyperlipidemic activity, comparable to that of atorvastatin. It significantly reduced the total cholesterol (P< 0.05), triglycerides (P< 0.01), low‐density lipoprotein (P< 0.01), very‐low‐density lipoprotein (P< 0.01) and atherogenic index (P< 0.01). In contrast, antioxidant activities of methanol extracts of all parts ofG. atroviridiswere higher than their respective aqueous extracts, whereby the stem and leaves extracts showed better antioxidant activities than the fruits.CONCLUSIONAqueous and methanol extracts ofG. atroviridisshowed higher antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents showed significant correlations with antioxidant but not with antihyperlipidemic activities, indicating the involvement of other compounds. Contrary to the traditional belief, the present findings suggest that the fruit has higher antihyperlipidemic potential than the fruit rind. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
How the Soil Moves Upward in the Olive Orchards of NW Syria: Sustainability Analysis of a Local Innovation
Authors: Colen Liesbeth , Turkelboom Francis , Van Steenwinkel Sarah , Al Ahmed Kasem , Deckers Jozef , Poesen Jean 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper analyses a local innovation in response to intense soil degradation in olive orchards of north‐west Syria. Farmers developed a practice consisting of quarrying red clayey soil in valley bottoms and applying this soil to hillslope olive orchards with heavily degraded calcareous soils. A biophysical, economic and social analysis of the practice of soil application identified the opportunities and risks of this innovative soil management technique. On the basis of a pairwise comparison of nine adjacent treated and nontreated orchard plots, soil applications were found to increase soil depth by 36%, soil water availability by 28% and total available soil nutrients: potassium (+45%), nitrogen (+12%) and phosphorus (+6%). Olive yield increased by about 40%. A cost–benefit analysis found this practice to be economically viable within a large geographical area, and farmers scored the practice higher than alternative methods. A socio‐economic analysis revealed its widespread adoption among different farmer types. The positive results of soil applications at the farm level explain its fast adoption. However, potential risks – including the further depletion of soil resources and the transfer of soil‐borne diseases – limit the long‐term sustainability of this locally developed practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative three‐dimensional assessment of port‐wine stain clearance after laser treatments
Authors: Frigerio Alice , Bhama Prabhat K. , Tan Oon T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveOutcomes analysis of laser treatment for port‐wine stains has been hampered by the lack of an objective measure of surface area and volume; moreover, treatment success is often gauged by clinician subjective assessment. Three‐dimensional (3D) surface imaging has been applied in several medical disciplines to quantify surface changes, with promising results. We hypothesized that 3D surface imaging could be used to objectively measure changes in area and volume of port‐wine stains following laser treatment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients with port‐wine stains treated over a 20‐month time period. Area and volume of the lesions were measured using 3dMD photogrammetric software (3dMD, Atlanta, GA) before and after a series of sequential pulsed dye laser and/or alexandrite laser treatments.ResultsFifty‐five patients with 59 port‐wine stains were included in the study. The initial average measured area was 44.3 cm2; final average measured area decreased to 36.9 cm2 (P < 0.001). The average volume change was 1.20 cc for all PWS included in the study and 1.90 cc for lesions that received at least 5 laser treatments within the study period.ConclusionThree‐dimensional photography demonstrated area and volume changes in patients with port‐wine stains after laser treatments. Future studies to determine if statistically significant changes correlate with clinically appreciable changes are warranted. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:180–185, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo, high‐resolution, three‐dimensional imaging of port wine stain microvasculature in human skin
Authors: Liu Gangjun , Jia Wangcun , Nelson J. Stuart , Chen Zhongping 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPort‐wine stain (PWS) is a congenital, progressive vascular malformation of the dermis. The use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the characterization of blood vessels in PWS skin has been demonstrated by several groups. In the past few years, advances in OCT technology have greatly increased imaging speed. Sophisticated numerical algorithms have improved the sensitivity of Doppler OCT dramatically. These improvements have enabled the noninvasive, high‐resolution, three‐dimensional functional imaging of PWS skin. Here, we demonstrate high‐resolution, three‐dimensional, microvasculature imaging of PWS and normal skin using Doppler OCT technique.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe OCT system uses a swept source laser which has a central wavelength of 1,310 nm, an A‐line rate of 50 kHz and a total average power of 16 mW. The system uses a handheld imaging probe and has an axial resolution of 9.3 µm in air and a lateral resolution of approximately 15 µm. Images were acquired from PWS subjects at the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic. Microvasculature of the PWS skin and normal skin were obtained from the PWS subject.ResultsHigh‐resolution, three‐dimensional microvasculature of PWS and normal skin were obtained. Many enlarged PWS vessels are detected in the dermis down to 1.0 mm below the PWS skin surface. In one subject, the blood vessel diameters range from 40 to 90 µm at the epidermal–dermal junction and increase up to 300–500 µm at deeper regions 700–1,000 µm below skin surface. The blood vessels close to the epidermal–dermal junction are more uniform, in terms of diameter. The more tortuous and dilated PWS blood vessels are located at deeper regions 600–1,000 µm below the skin surface. In another subject example, the PWS skin blood vessels are dilated at very superficial layers at a depth less than 500 µm below the skin surface. The PWS skin vessel diameters range from 60 to 650 µm, with most vessels having a diameter of around 200 µm.ConclusionsOCT can be used to quantitatively image in vivo skin micro‐vasculature. Analysis of the PWS and normal skin blood vessels were performed and the results can provide quantitative information to optimize laser treatment on an individual patient basis. Lasers Surg. Med. 45:628–632, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Driving and off‐road impairments underlying failure on road testing in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Devos Hannes , Vandenberghe Wim , Tant Mark , Akinwuntan Abiodun E. , De Weerdt Willy , Nieuwboer Alice , Uc Ergun Y. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) affects driving ability. We aimed to determine the most critical impairments in specific road skills and in clinical characteristics leading to failure on a road test in PD. In this cross‐sectional study, certified driving assessment experts evaluated specific driving skills in 104 active, licensed drivers with PD using a standardized, on‐road checklist and issued a global decision of pass/fail. Participants also completed an off‐road evaluation assessing demographic features, disease characteristics, motor function, vision, and cognition. The most important driving skills and off‐road predictors of the pass/fail outcome were identified using multivariate stepwise regression analyses. Eighty‐six (65%) passed and 36 (35%) failed the on‐road driving evaluation. Persons who failed performed worse on all on‐road items. When adjusted for age and gender, poor performances on lateral positioning at low speed, speed adaptations at high speed, and left turning maneuvers yielded the best model that determined the pass/fail decision (R2 = 0.56). The fail group performed poorer on all motor, visual, and cognitive tests. Measures of visual scanning, motor severity, PD subtype, visual acuity, executive functions, and divided attention were independent predictors of pass/fail decisions in the multivariate model (R2 = 0.60). Our study demonstrated that failure on a road test in PD is determined by impairments in specific driving skills and associated with deficits in motor, visual, executive, and visuospatial functions. These findings point to specific driving and off‐road impairments that can be targeted in multimodal rehabilitation programs for drivers with PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Reshaping the transcriptional frontier: Epigenetics and somatic cell nuclear transfer
Authors: Long Charles R. , Westhusin Mark E. , Golding Michael C. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYSomatic‐cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) experiments have paved the way to the field of cellular reprogramming. The demonstrated ability to clone over 20 different species to date has proven that the technology is robust but very inefficient, and is prone to developmental anomalies. Yet, the offspring from cloned animals exhibit none of the abnormalities of their parents, suggesting the low efficiency and high developmental mortality are epigenetic in origin. The epigenetic barriers to reprogramming somatic cells into a totipotent embryo capable of developing into a viable offspring are significant and varied. Despite their intimate relationship, chromatin structure and transcription are often not uniformly reprogramed after nuclear transfer, and many cloned embryos develop gene expression profiles that are hybrids between the donor cell and an embryonic blastomere. Recent advances in cellular reprogramming suggest that alteration of donor‐cell chromatin structure towards that found in an normal embryo is actually the rate‐limiting step in successful development of SCNT embryos. Here we review the literature relevant to the transformation of a somatic‐cell nucleus into an embryo capable of full‐term development. Interestingly, while resetting somatic transcription and associated epigenetic marks are absolutely required for development of SCNT embryos, life does not demand perfection. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 183–193, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Numerical modeling of susceptibility‐related MR signal dephasing with vessel size measurement: Phantom validation at 3T
Authors: Pannetier Nicolas A. , Sohlin Maja , Christen Thomas , Schad Lothar , Schuff Norbert 
Published: October 2013

PurposeMRI is used to obtain quantitative oxygenation and blood volume information from the susceptibility‐related MR signal dephasing induced by blood vessels. However, analytical models that fit the MR signal are usually not accurate over the range of small blood vessels. Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated limitations in the simultaneous assessment of oxygenation and blood volume. In this study, a multiparametric MRI framework that aims to measure vessel radii in addition to magnetic susceptibility and volume fraction was introduced.MethodsThe protocol consisted of gradient‐echo sampling of the spin‐echo, diffusion, T2, and B0 acquisitions. After correction steps, the data were postprocessed with a versatile numerical model of the MR signal. An important analytical model was implemented for comparison. The approach was validated in phantoms with coiling strings as proxy for blood vessels.ResultsThe feasibility of the vessel radius measurement is demonstrated. The numerical model shows an improved accuracy compared with the analytical approach. However, both methods overestimate the radius. The simultaneous measurement of the magnetic susceptibility and the volume fraction remains challenging.ConclusionThe results suggest that this approach could be interesting in vivo to better characterize the microvasculature without contrast agent. Magn Reson Med 72:646–658, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Difference
Authors: Sahlins Marshall 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSpeaking in particular of Oceanic societies, my intention is to reverse the gestalt of Le totemisme aujourd'hui to foreground the role of difference as a fundamental condition of the possibility of society – difference between as well as within societies. I take the point that difference is not just an historical circumstance but that it is indeed a positive value. Accordingly, differentiation is not so much a natural process as it is a cultural intention.
Neoplastic causes of abnormal puberty
Authors: Wendt Susanne , Shelso John , Wright Karen , Furman Wayne 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundNeoplasm‐related precocious puberty (PP) is a rare presenting feature of childhood cancer. Moreover, evaluation of suspected PP in a child is complex, and cancer is often not considered. We characterized the clinicopathologic features of patients presenting with PP at a large pediatric cancer center, reviewed the relevant literature, and developed an algorithm for the diagnostic work‐up of these patients.MethodsWe examined the records of all patients with a neoplasm and concomitant PP treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from January 1975 through October 2011, reviewed the available literature, and analyzed the demographic, clinical, endocrine, and neoplasm‐related features.ResultsTwenty‐four of 13,615 children and adolescents (0.18%) were diagnosed with PP within 60 days of presentation. Primary diagnoses included brain tumor (12), adrenocortical carcinoma (5), hepatoblastoma (4), and others (3). PP was observed 0–48 months before diagnosis of neoplasm; 17 patients had peripheral PP and 7 had central PP.ConclusionsNeoplasm‐related PP is rare and takes the form of a paraneoplastic syndrome caused by tumor production of hormones or by alteration of physiologic gonadotropin production. PP can precede diagnosis of malignancy by months or years, and neoplastic causes should be considered early to avoid delayed cancer diagnosis. Treatment of the primary malignancy resolved or diminished PP in surviving patients with an intact hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:664–671. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.