bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplified bone-anchored hearing aid insertion using a linear incision without soft tissue reduction
Authors: Husseman J , Szudek J , Monksfield P , Power D , O'Leary S , Briggs R 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackground:Numerous techniques have been described to manage the skin and other soft tissues during bone-anchored hearing aid insertion. Previously, generally accepted techniques have sometimes led to distressing alopecia and soft tissue defects. Now, some surgeons are rejecting the originally described split skin flap in favour of a less invasive approach.Objective:To investigate bone-anchored hearing aid placement utilising a single, linear incision with either no or minimal underlying soft tissue reduction.Patients and methods:Thirty-four adults were prospectively enrolled to undergo single-stage bone-anchored hearing aid placement with this modified technique. A small, linear incision was used at the standard position and carried down through the periosteum. Standard technique was then followed with placement of an extended length abutment. Patients were reviewed regularly to assess wound healing, including evaluation with Holgers' scale.Results:Only 14.7 per cent of patients had a reaction score of 2 or higher. Most complications were limited to minor skin reactions that settled with silver nitrate cautery and/or antibiotics. None required revision surgery for tissue overgrowth, and there were no implant failures.Conclusion:Our results suggest this to be a simple and effective insertion technique with favourable cosmesis and patient satisfaction.
The new lichen species Micarea corallothallina from Serra da Jibóia, an Atlantic rainforest enclave in Bahia, NE Brazil
Authors: CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva , MOTA Danyelle Andrade , JESUS Luciana Santos de , APTROOT André 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe new species Micarea corallothallina is described from Serra da Jibóia, Bahia, NE Brazil. It has a gnarled, coralloid, isidiose thallus and pale botryose apothecia. It was found in the Serra da Jibóia, a mountainous range with a maximum elevation of 800 m on smooth bark of trees. This Mata Atlantica fragment is located in the Santa Terezinha municipality, Bahia, NE Brazil, near the Castro Alves municipality boundary. This area can be considered as a rainforest enclave surrounded by Caatinga, and belongs to a disjunct set of mountains that extend from the southern coast of the state to the North-west and North.
A new lichenicolousArthoniaspecies (Arthoniaceae) onDiorygmafrom India
Authors: JOSHI Santosh , UPRETI Dalip K. , NAYAKA Sanjeeva 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA new lichenicolous ascomycete,Arthonia diorygmae, is described from the thallus and ascomata ofDiorygma junghuhnii. The new species is characterized by rounded to irregular, applanate to convex ascomata up to 0·3 mm in diameter, a slightly whitish pruinose disc, transversely 1-septate, hyaline to greyish ascospores (13–)14–15(–21)×5–7 µm, and its lichenicolous habitat. It is known from the subtropical region of the Western Ghats in India and appears to be widespread due to the large distribution of the host species.
A new species of Pertusaria from China
Authors: REN Qiang , KOU Xingran 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe saxicolous species, Pertusaria weii Q. Ren (Pertusariaceae, Ascomycota) from China, is described as new to science. Diagnostic characters for the new species are a brownish, marginally unzoned thallus; numerous, solitary and lecanorate verrucae with heavily pruinose discs that are black; a strongly K+ violet epithecial reaction; 1-spored cylindrical asci with single, smooth-walled, untrimmed and ovoid spores; and, the presence of stictic acid. It grows on calcareous rock and is known only from the Tianshan Mountains in Western China.
Subclinical psychotic experiences and bipolar spectrum features in depression: association with outcome of psychotherapy
Authors: Wigman J. T. W. , van Os J. , Abidi L. , Huibers M. J. H. , Roelofs J. , Arntz A. , Kelleher I. , Peeters F. P. M. L. 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundSubthreshold psychotic and bipolar experiences are common in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unknown if effectiveness of psychotherapy is altered in depressed patients who display such features compared with those without. The current paper aimed to investigate the impact of the co-presence of subclinical psychotic experiences and subclinical bipolar symptoms on the effectiveness of psychological treatment, alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy.MethodIn a naturalistic study, patients with MDD (n = 116) received psychological treatment (cognitive behavioural therapy or interpersonal psychotherapy) alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy. Depression and functioning were assessed six times over 2 years. Lifetime psychotic experiences and bipolar symptoms were assessed at the second time point.ResultsSubclinical psychotic experiences predicted more depression over time (β = 0.20, p < 0.002), non-remission [odds ratio (OR) 7.51, p < 0.016] and relapse (OR 3.85, p < 0.034). Subthreshold bipolar symptoms predicted relapse (OR 1.16, p < 0.037).ConclusionsIn general, subclinical psychotic experiences have a negative impact on the course and outcome of psychotherapy in MDD. Effects of subclinical bipolar experiences were less prominent.
Young children's flexible use of semantic cues to word meanings: converging evidence of individual and age differences
Authors: DEÁK GEDEON O. , NARASIMHAM GAYATHRI 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTA new test of children's flexible use of semantic cues for word learning extended previous results. In Experiment 1, three- to five-year-olds (N=51) completed two tests of interpreting several novel words for the same stimulus arrays. Within-sentence phrasal cues implied different stimulus referent properties. Children's cue-using flexibility in the new Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Animates] test (FIM-An) was strongly correlated with an established test (Flexible Induction of Meanings [Words for Objects]; Deák, 2000). Individual children showed between-test consistency in using cues to flexibly assign words to different referent properties. There were large individual differences, as well as limited age differences, in the distribution of flexible and inflexible response patterns. The comprehensibility of specific cues, and perceptual salience of specific properties, explained much of the variance. Proportions of flexible and inflexible patterns shifted with age. Experiment 2 replicated these results in N=36 three- and four-year-olds, using a modified FIM-An with more distinctive cues.
Communicative abilities in children: An assessment through different phenomena and expressive means
Authors: BOSCO FRANCESCA M. , ANGELERI ROMINA , COLLE LIVIA , SACCO KATIUSCIA , BARA BRUNO G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTPrevious studies on children's pragmatic abilities have tended to focus on just one pragmatic phenomenon and one expressive means at a time, mainly concentrating on comprehension, and overlooking the production side. We assessed both comprehension and production in relation to several pragmatic phenomena (simple and complex standard communication acts, irony, and deceit) and several expressive means (linguistic, extralinguistic, paralinguistic). Our study involved 390 Italian-speaking children divided into three age groups: 5;0–5;6, 6;6–7;0, and 8;0–8;6. Children's performance on all tasks improved with their age. Within each age group, children responded more accurately to tasks involving standard communication than to those involving deceit and irony, across all expressive means and for both comprehension and production. Within each pragmatic phenomenon, children responded more accurately to simple acts than to complex ones, regardless of age group and expressive means, i.e., linguistic or extralinguistic. Overall results fit well with the Cognitive Pragmatics theory (Bara, 2010).
Nutrition capacity development: a practice framework
Authors: Shrimpton Roger , Hughes Roger , Recine Elisabetta , Mason John B , Sanders David , Marks Geoffrey C , Margetts Barrie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo outline a framework and a process for assessing the needs for capacity development to achieve nutrition objectives, particularly those targeting maternal and child undernutrition.DesignCommentary and conceptual framework.SettingLow- and middle-income countries.ResultA global movement to invest in a package of essential nutrition interventions to reduce maternal and child undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries is building momentum. Capacity to act in nutrition is known to be minimal in most low- and middle-income countries, and there is a need for conceptual clarity about capacity development as a strategic construct and the processes required to realise the ability to achieve population nutrition and health objectives. The framework for nutrition capacity development proposed recognises capacity to be determined by a range of factors across at least four levels, including system, organisational, workforce and community levels. This framework provides a scaffolding to guide systematic assessment of capacity development needs which serves to inform strategic planning for capacity development.ConclusionsCapacity development is a critical prerequisite for achieving nutrition and health objectives, but is currently constrained by ambiguous and superficial conceptualisations of what capacity development involves and how it can be realised. The current paper provides a framework to assist this conceptualisation, encourage debate and ongoing refinement, and progress capacity development efforts.
Farnesylation of lamin B1 is important for retention of nuclear chromatin during neuronal migration
Authors: Jung Hea-Jin , Nobumori Chika , Goulbourne Chris N. , Tu Yiping , Lee John M. , Tatar Angelica , Wu Daniel , Yoshinaga Yuko , de Jong Pieter J. , Coffinier Catherine , Fong Loren G. , Young Stephen G. 
Published: May 2013

Significance
Both lamin B1 and lamin B2 have farnesyl lipid anchors, but the importance of this lipid modification has been unclear. We addressed that issue with knock-in mouse models. Mice expressing nonfarnesylated lamin B2 developed normally and were healthy. In contrast, mice expressing nonfarnesylated lamin B1 exhibited a severe neurodevelopmental abnormality accompanied by a striking defect in the cell nucleus. During the migration of neurons, the nuclear lamina was pulled free of the chromatin. Thus, farnesylation of lamin B1—but not lamin B2—is crucial for neuronal migration in the brain and for the retention of chromatin within the nuclear lamina.
Preferences of heart failure patients in daily clinical practice: quality of life or longevity?
Authors: Kraai Imke H. , Vermeulen Karin M. , Luttik Marie Louise A. , Hoekstra Tialda , Jaarsma Tiny , Hillege Hans L. 
Published: May 2013

AimsKnowledge of patient preferences is vital for delivering optimal healthcare. This study uses utility measurement to assess the preferences of heart failure (HF) patients regarding quality of life or longevity. The utility approach represents the perspective of a patient; facilitates the combination of mortality, morbidity, and treatment regimen into a single score; and makes it possible to compare the effects of different interventions in healthcare.Methods and resultsPatient preferences of 100 patients with HF were assessed in interviews using the time trade‐off (TTO) approach. Health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) was assessed with the EQ‐5D and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Patients' own estimation of life expectancy was assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Of the 100 patients (mean age 70 ± 9 years; 71% male), 61% attach more weight to quality of life over longevity; while 9% and 14% were willing to trade 6 and 12 months, respectively, for perfect health and attach more weight to quality of life. Patients willing to trade time had a significantly higher level of NT‐proBNP and reported significantly more dyspnoea during exertion. Predictors of willingness to trade time were higher NT‐proBNP and lower EQ VAS.ConclusionThe majority of HF patients attach more weight to quality of life over longevity. There was no difference between both groups with respect to life expectancy described by the patients. These insights enable open and personalized discussions of patients' preferences in treatment and care decisions, and could guide the future development of more patient‐centred care.
In Vitro Starch Digestibility and Expected Glycemic Index of Kodo Millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) as Affected by Starch–Protein–Lipid Interactions
Authors: Annor George Amponsah , Marcone Massimo , Bertoft Eric , Seetharaman Koushik 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe effect of starch–protein–lipid interaction on the in vitro starch digestibility and expected glycemic index (eGI) of kodo millet flour (MF) was investigated. Debranned MF and the flour with lipid removed, protein removed, or both lipid and protein removed (MF‐L‐P) were subjected to digestion assays. The in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of the millet samples and millet starch were compared with rice or wheat flour. Rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, and resistant starch (RS) of the samples were also calculated. Protease treatment and defatting resulted in significant reduction (P < 0.05) in protein and lipid contents of samples. Significant increases in the in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of samples were observed after removal of protein, lipid, or both. The effect of lipid removal on in vitro starch digestibility of kodo millet was found to be more significant, compared with when proteins were removed. The eGI increased from 49.4 for cooked MF to 62.5 for MF‐L‐P. The eGI of cooked kodo millet starch was significantly lower than that of cooked rice flour. The RS (1.61%) of cooked rice was the least among the samples. The in vitro starch digestibility and eGI of rice were significantly higher than those of MF. Processes applied to kodo millet, such as decortication, that result in the removal of proteins, lipids, or both (especially lipids) would result in an increase in its in vitro starch digestibility and eGI. We therefore advocate for the development of acceptable products from whole millets to maintain its hypoglycemic property.
Identification of cellular factors required for the budding of koala retrovirus
Authors: Shimode Sayumi , Nakaoka Rie , Hoshino Shigeki , Abe Masumi , Shogen Hiroko , Yasuda Jiro , Miyazawa Takayuki 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTKoala retrovirus (KoRV) is a unique gammaretrovirus that is currently endogenizing into its host and considered to be associated with leukemia, lymphoma and immunosuppression in koalas (Phascolactos cinereus). In this study, it was demonstrated that WWP2 or WWP2‐like E3 ubiquitin ligases possessing the WW domain closely related to WWP2 and Vps4A/B are involved in KoRV budding. These data suggest that KoRV Gag recruits the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport machinery through interaction of the PPPY L‐domain with the WW domain(s) of WWP2 and that progeny virions are released from cells by utilizing the multivesicular body sorting pathway.
Effects of ceftriaxone‐induced intestinal dysbacteriosis on dendritic cells of small intestine in mice
Authors: Li Ming , Li Weihua , Wen Shu , Liu Yinhui , Tang Li 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIntestinal microflora plays a pivotal role in the development of the innate immune system and is essential in shaping adaptive immunity. Dysbacteriosis of intestinal microflora induces altered immune responses and results in disease susceptibility. Dendritic cells (DCs), the professional antigen‐presenting cells, have gained increasing attention because they connect innate and adaptive immunity. They generate both immunity in response to stimulation by pathogenic bacteria and immune tolerance in the presence of commensal bacteria. However, few studies have examined the effects of intestinal dysbacteriosis on DCs. In this study, changes of DCs in the small intestine of mice under the condition of dysbacteriosis induced by ceftriaxone sodium were investigated. It was found that intragastric administration of ceftriaxone sodium caused severe dysteriosis in mice. Compared with controls, numbers of DCs in mice with dysbacteriosis increased significantly (P = 0.0001). However, the maturity and antigen‐presenting ability of DCs were greatly reduced. In addition, there was a significant difference in secretion of IL‐10 and IL‐12 between DCs from mice with dysbacteriosis and controls. To conclude, ceftriaxone‐induced intestinal dysbacteriosis strongly affected the numbers and functions of DCs. The present data suggest that intestinal microflora plays an important role in inducing and maintaining the functions of DCs and thus is essential for the connection between innate and adaptive immune responses.
Are Cape gannets dependent upon fishery waste? A multi‐scale analysis using seabird GPS‐tracking, hydro‐acoustic surveys of pelagic fish and vessel monitoring systems
Authors: Tew Kai Emilie , Benhamou Simon , van der Lingen Carl D. , Coetzee Janet C. , Pichegru Lorien , Ryan Peter G. , Grémillet David 
Published: May 2013

Summary

Climate change and fishing impact marine ecosystems, potentially modifying the availability of small pelagic fish to marine top predators. Some seabirds that primarily rely upon these resources have switched to feeding on fishery waste. It has therefore been argued that seabirds might become dependent upon this artificial resource.

To test this hypothesis, we studied the foraging behaviour of Cape gannets Morus capensis breeding off the coast of South Africa using high‐resolution Global Positioning System‐tracking in relation to the availability of pelagic fish assessed by acoustic at‐sea surveys, and fishing effort by the two main south African fisheries (purse seiners that compete with seabirds for pelagic fish, and demersal trawlers that process fish at sea and discharge fish waste) tracked with vessel monitoring systems. Conjoint seabird, fish and fisheries information were analysed at mesoscale (c. 100 km) and sub‐mesoscale (c. 10 km) in years of high (2002), medium (2009) and low (2005) pelagic fish biomass within gannets' foraging range.

We found substantial inter‐annual variability in spatial use by breeding gannets, which was driven primarily by pelagic fish availability. At the mesoscale, birds and purse seiners exploited similar marine areas, but no fine‐scale dependence of birds on purse seiners was detected. Crucially, fine‐scale dependence of gannets upon trawlers producing fishery waste was only detected in 2005, when pelagic fish biomass was lowest, indicating a direct effect of trawlers on gannet foraging behaviour in the absence of natural prey.

Further overlap analyses of gannet and trawler foraging areas during 2002–2010 confirmed that breeding birds only seek trawlers when pelagic fish availability is low, strongly suggesting reversible seabird dependency upon fishery waste.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates that seabirds such as Cape gannets depend on fishery waste when their natural prey is scarce, but revert to feeding on natural resources whenever available, showing highly flexible foraging behaviour. These results have important implications in the context of the anticipated legislation banning at‐sea disposal of fishery waste in different regions, including European seas, highlighting the necessity to concomitantly promote sustainable fishing allowing the restoration of pelagic fish stocks.
Functional differentiation between the inner and outer leaves in a mechanical support by a pseudostem of Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum
Authors: Gu Lingshuang , Konno Yasuo , Yamamoto Shinro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe pseudostem of Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum consists of radical leaves, which have tubular and concentrically aggregated petioles. We examined a hypothesis that the major role of the inner leaves is to raise the leaf blades higher for increased photosynthesis, while that of the outer leaves is to mechanically support the inner leaves at the expense of displaying their leaf blades. The removal of outer leaves resulted in the collapse of the remaining inner leaves, showing outer leaves provide important support for inner leaves. The estimation of mechanical properties for the constituting leaves revealed that inner leaves possess greater mass of leaf blades for their capacity of mechanical support them compared to outer leaves. These results uphold the hypothesis that the primary role of inner leaves is to display leaf blades for photosynthesis, while that for outer leaves is to mechanically support the less stable inner leaves.
Overlapping and Evolving European Discourses on Market Liberalization
Authors: Morin Jean-Frédéric , Carta Caterina 
Published: May 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract This introduction to the special section on European liberal discourses Presents key assumptions discussed in the collection of articles, such as liberalism as a discourse and the conceptualization of discourses as networks. Offers an original typology of liberal discourses regarding State intervention. Introduces two models linking discursive interactions to discursive change, analogous to the operational code approach and to schema theory in cognitive science. Presents original data on DG Trade discourse, to illustrate simultaneous change and continuity. This introduction to the special section on European liberal discourses discusses three themes covered by all contributions: (i) the co-existence of several market liberal discourses in the European public sphere; (ii) interactions among these various discourses; (iii) and discursive changes resulting from these interactions.
Cost and resource implications with serum angiogenic factor estimation in the triage of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Schnettler WT , Dukhovny D , Wenger J , Salahuddin S , Ralston SJ , Rana S 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo analyse the economic and resource implications of using plasma soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 s(Flt1) and placenta growth factor (PlGF) measurements in pre‐eclampsia evaluation and management.DesignRetrospective cost analysis of our prospective cohort study.SettingBoston, Massachusetts (USA).PopulationWomen (n = 176) presenting to the hospital at <34 weeks of gestation for evaluation of possible pre‐eclampsia during 2009–10. Cases without complete cost or outcome data (n = 9) and re‐enrolments (n = 18) were excluded.MethodsModelled comparisons between the standard approach (combination of blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, alanine aminotransferase and platelet counts) and a novel approach (ratio of plasma sFlt1 and PlGF) using actual hospital data converted to 2012 US dollars in accordance with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.Main outcome measuresDirect 2‐week costs and resource use by groups having true or false positive and negative test results for adverse outcomes according to approach.ResultsThe improved specificity of the novel approach decreased the proportion of women falsely labelled as test‐positive from 42.3% (34.4–50.2%) to 4.0% (0.85–7.15%) and increased the proportion correctly labelled as test‐negative from 23.5% (16.7–30.3%) to 61.7% (53.9–69.5%). This could potentially reduce average per‐patient costs by $1215. Substantial quantities of resources [47.2% (35.7–58.7%) of antenatal admissions and 72.5% (68.0–77.0%) of tests for fetal wellbeing] were unnecessarily used for women who were truly negative. A proportion of iatrogenic preterm deliveries among women with negative results was potentially avoidable representing further cost and resource savings.ConclusionsClinical use of the plasma sFlt1 and PlGF ratio improves risk stratification among women presenting for pre‐eclampsia evaluation and has the potential to reduce costs and resource use.