bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion in women: the role of facial attractiveness and friendliness
Authors: Vaillancourt Tracy , van Noordt Stefon , Krygsman Amanda , Brittain Heather , Davis Adam C. , Palamarchuk Iryna S. , Arnocky Steven , Segalowitz Sidney J. , Crowley Michael J. , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe behavioral and neural responses to social exclusion were examined in women randomized to four conditions, varying in levels of attractiveness and friendliness. Informed by evolutionary theory, we predicted that being socially excluded by attractive unfriendly women would be more distressing than being excluded by unattractive women, irrespective of their friendliness level. Our results contradicted most of our predictions but provide important insights into women’s responses to interpersonal conflict. Accounting for rejection sensitivity, P300 event-related potential amplitudes were largest when women were excluded by unattractive unfriendly women. This may be due to an expectancy violation or an annoyance with being excluded by women low on social desirability. An examination of anger rumination rates by condition suggests the latter. Only attractive women’s attractiveness ratings were lowered in the unfriendly condition, indicating they were specifically punished for their exclusionary behavior. Women were more likely to select attractive women to compete against with one exception—they selected the Black attractive opponent less often than the White attractive opponent when presented as unfriendly. Finally, consistent with studies on retaliation in relation to social exclusion, women tended to rate competitors who rejected them as being more rude, more competitive, less attractive, less nice, and less happy than non-competitors. The ubiquity of social exclusion and its pointed emotional and physiological impact on women demands more research on this topic.
A real-world study of foreign body aspiration in children with 4227 cases in Western China
Authors: Wang Quan , Kong Xiangpan , Wang Gang , Dai Jiangtao , Li Yonggang , Wu Chun , Pan Zhengxia , He Ling , Li Hongbo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe early diagnosis and treatment of foreign body aspiration (FBA) can significantly improve the overall prognosis of children. There are significant differences in the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of FBA in different regions. Therefore, we conducted a real-world study in the western region of China with over 4000 patients. The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of FBA in terms of its types, the specific months of its occurrence, and the distribution of primary caregiver characteristics in western China. We collected the clinical and epidemiological data of children who were diagnosed with FBA in our hospital over the past 20 years through a big data centre. We matched the data of healthy children who underwent routine physical examinations at the paediatric health clinic during the same period to analyse the differences in the data of actual guardians. A total of 4227 patients from five provinces were included in this study. Foreign bodies were removed by rigid bronchoscopy in 99.4% (4202/4227) of patients, with a median age of 19 months and a median surgical duration 16 min. January was the most common month of onset for 1725 patients, followed by February, with 1027 patients. The most common types of foreign objects were melon peanuts, seeds and walnuts, accounting for 47.2%, 15.3%, and 10.2%, respectively. In the FBA group, the proportion of grandparents who were primary caregivers was 70.33% (2973/4227), which was significantly greater than the 63.05% in the healthy group (2665/4227) (P < 0.01). FBA most commonly occurs in January and February. More than 60% of FBAs occur between the ages of 1 and 2 years, and the incidence of FBA may be greater in children who are cared for by grandparents. A rigid bronchoscope can be used to remove most aspirated foreign bodies in a median of 16 min.
Structure-based chemical ontology improves chemometric prediction of antibacterial essential oils
Authors: Yabuuchi Hiroaki , Fujiwara Makiko , Shigemoto Akihiko , Hayashi Kazuhito , Nomura Yuhei , Nakashima Mayumi , Ogusu Takeshi , Mori Megumi , Tokumoto Shin-ichi , Miyai Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlants are valuable resources for drug discovery as they produce diverse bioactive compounds. However, the chemical diversity makes it difficult to predict the biological activity of plant extracts via conventional chemometric methods. In this research, we propose a new computational model that integrates chemical composition data with structure-based chemical ontology. For a model validation, two training datasets were prepared from literature on antibacterial essential oils to classify active/inactive oils. Random forest classifiers constructed from the data showed improved prediction performance in both test datasets. Prior feature selection using hierarchical information criterion further improved the performance. Furthermore, an antibacterial assay using a standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus revealed that the classifier correctly predicted the activity of commercially available oils with an accuracy of 83% (= 10/12). The results of this study indicate that machine learning of chemical composition data integrated with chemical ontology can be a highly efficient approach for exploring bioactive plant extracts.
“How” web searches change under stress
Authors: Kelly Christopher A. , Blain Bastien , Sharot Tali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo adjust to stressful environments, people seek information. Here, we show that in response to stressful public and private events the high-level features of information people seek online alter, reflecting their motives for seeking knowledge. We first show that when people want information to guide action they selectively ask “How” questions. Next, we reveal that “How” searches submitted to Google increased dramatically during the pandemic (controlling for search volume). Strikingly, the proportion of these searches predicted weekly self-reported stress of ~ 17K individuals. To rule out third factors we manipulate stress and find that “How” searches increase in response to stressful, personal, events. The findings suggest that under stress people ask questions to guide action, and mental state is reflected in features that tap into why people seek information rather than the topics they search for. Tracking such features may provide clues regrading population stress levels.
Indigenous people doing citizen science to assess water quality using the BMWP in rivers of an arid semi-arid biosphere reserve in Mexico
Authors: López-López Eugenia , Sedeño-Díaz Jacinto Elías , Rico-Sánchez Axel E. , Zariñana-Andrade Edgar Andres , Reyes-Flores Fernando , Soriana-Flores Leticia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArid and semi-arid areas are among the most threatened ecosystems on the planet. The Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve (TCBR), in southeastern Mexico, is an arid and semi-arid area with high biological diversity and human settlements of eight ethnic groups. Two rivers drain the reserve, Río Grande (RG) and Río Salado (RS), which are not subject to water quality monitoring by government agencies; however, measures of water quality of these rivers are needed to focus conservation actions on this resource. This work aimed to test the effectiveness of participatory water quality monitoring with the participation of three actors: Reserve management leaders, local communities, and academics, to monitoring water quality in the rivers of the TCBR. Ninety-two residents were trained to carry out water quality biomonitoring using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) index calibrated for the reserve. The BMWP uses macroinvertebrate families to display numerical and categorical water quality scores. Additionally, the Water Quality Index (WQI) was assessed and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the riparian zones was estimated in each study site. The mean WQI scores were 69.24 for RS (no treatment necessary for most crops and necessary treatment for public water supply) and 75.16 for RG (minor purification for crops requiring high-quality water and necessary treatment for public water supply). The BMWP showed five water quality categories (Excellent, Very Good, Good, Fair, and Poor), showing higher water quality scores in the upper portion of the basins and capable of discriminating study sites with lower scores close to human settlements. At one study site, data from participatory monitoring impelled actions taken to address a pollution source and influenced policy focus, reaching the maximum level of participatory-based monitoring. This led to avoid the discharge of wastewater into the river to conserve and protect the water resource. WQI is closely related to BMWP; however, the latter was far more sensitive to detecting areas affected by domestic water discharges. The NDVI presented low values for the TCBR, being lower in RS (the driest area). Although the NDVI showed a weak relationship with BMWP values, areas with higher NDVI values generally achieved higher BMWP values. The results of this study highlight the high sensitivity of the BMWP to detect several water quality conditions in the rivers running through the TCBR when compared to WQI. In addition, the usefulness of biomonitoring using the BMWP index was evident, as well as the importance of the participation of local inhabitants contributing to the knowledge of water quality in biosphere reserves and carrying out timely measures that allow the rivers in these reserves to be maintained in good condition.
Pursuit and escape drive fine-scale movement variation during migration in a temperate alpine ungulate
Authors: John Christian , Avgar Tal , Rittger Karl , Smith Justine A. , Stephenson Logan W. , Stephenson Thomas R. , Post Eric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change reduces snowpack, advances snowmelt phenology, drives summer warming, alters growing season precipitation regimes, and consequently modifies vegetation phenology in mountain systems. Elevational migrants track spatial variation in seasonal plant growth by moving between ranges at different elevations during spring, so climate-driven vegetation change may disrupt historic benefits of migration. Elevational migrants can furthermore cope with short-term environmental variability by undertaking brief vertical movements to refugia when sudden adverse conditions arise. We uncover drivers of fine-scale vertical movement variation during upland migration in an endangered alpine specialist, Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) using a 20-year study of GPS collar data collected from 311 unique individuals. We used integrated step-selection analysis to determine factors that promote vertical movements and drive selection of destinations following vertical movements. Our results reveal that relatively high temperatures consistently drive uphill movements, while precipitation likely drives downhill movements. Furthermore, bighorn select destinations at their peak annual biomass and maximal time since snowmelt. These results indicate that although Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep seek out foraging opportunities related to landscape phenology, they compensate for short-term environmental stressors by undertaking brief up- and downslope vertical movements. Migrants may therefore be impacted by future warming and increased storm frequency or intensity, with shifts in annual migration timing, and fine-scale vertical movement responses to environmental variability.
The inverted U-shaped association between blood fibrinogen and rehospitalization risk in patients with heart failure
Authors: Xu Zhenyan , Liu Hualong , Zhu Meilan , Huang Ying 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFibrinogen, a biomarker of thrombosis and inflammation, is related to a high risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, studies on the prognostic value of blood fibrinogen concentrations for heart failure (HF) patients are few and controversial. We performed a retrospective analysis among acute or deteriorating chronic HF patients admitted to a hospital in Sichuan, China, between 2016 and 2019, integrating electronic health care records and external outcome data (N = 1532). During 6 months of follow-up, 579 HF patients were readmitted within 6 months, and 46 of them died. Surprisingly, we found an inverted U-shaped association of blood fibrinogen levels with risk of readmission within 6 months but not with risk of death within 6 months. It was found that HF patients had the highest risk for readmission within 6 months after reaching the turning point for blood fibrinogen (2.4 g/L). In HF patients with low fibrinogen levels < 2.4 g/L, elevated fibrinogen concentrations were still significantly associated with a higher risk for readmission within 6 months [OR = 2.3, 95% CI (1.2, 4.6); P = 0.014] after controlling for relevant covariates. There was no significant association between blood fibrinogen and readmission within 6 months [(OR = 1.0, 95% CI (0.9, 1.1); P = 0.675] in HF patients with high fibrinogen (> 2.4 g/L). The effect difference for the two subgroups was significant (P = 0.014). However, we did not observe any association between blood fibrinogen and death within 6 months stratified by the turning point, and the effect difference for the stratification was not significant (P = 0.380). We observed an inverted U-shaped association between blood fibrinogen and rehospitalization risk in HF patients for the first time. Additionally, our results did not support that elevated blood fibrinogen was related to increased death risk after discharge.
Improving load frequency controller tuning with rat swarm optimization and porpoising feature detection for enhanced power system stability
Authors: Gopi Pasala , Alluraiah N. Chinna , Kumar Pujari Harish , Bajaj Mohit , Blazek Vojtech , Prokop Lukas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLoad frequency control (LFC) plays a critical role in ensuring the reliable and stable operation of power plants and maintaining a quality power supply to consumers. In control engineering, an oscillatory behavior exhibited by a system in response to control actions is referred to as “Porpoising”. This article focused on investigating the causes of the porpoising phenomenon in the context of LFC. This paper introduces a novel methodology for enhancing the performance of load frequency controllers in power systems by employing rat swarm optimization (RSO) for tuning and detecting the porpoising feature to ensure stability. The study focuses on a single-area thermal power generating station (TPGS) subjected to a 1% load demand change, employing MATLAB simulations for analysis. The proposed RSO-based PID controller is compared against traditional methods such as the firefly algorithm (FFA) and Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) technique. Results indicate that the RSO-based PID controller exhibits superior performance, achieving zero frequency error, reduced negative peak overshoot, and faster settling time compared to other methods. Furthermore, the paper investigates the porpoising phenomenon in PID controllers, analyzing the location of poles in the s-plane, damping ratio, and control actions. The RSO-based PID controller demonstrates enhanced stability and resistance to porpoising, making it a promising solution for power system control. Future research will focus on real-time implementation and broader applications across different control systems.
Intersexual patterns of the digestive tract and body size are opposed in a large bird
Authors: Kwieciński Zbigniew , Tryjanowski Piotr , Zduniak Piotr 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe appropriate structure of the digestive tract is crucial for individual adaptation to ecological conditions. In birds, the length of the small intestine, responsible for food absorption, is generally believed to be positively correlated with body size. In this study, we investigated the variation in small intestine length in the White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), a monomorphic species without visible sexual dimorphism, but characterized by differing parental efforts, which can be reflected by the small intestine lengths between the sexes. We examined the relationship between small intestine length and body size within the sexes. Our findings show that male White Storks have significantly shorter small intestines than females, despite having larger body sizes than the latter. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between body size and small intestine length, but it was of a different nature in the two sexes. Males exhibited a previously unreported phenomenon, whereby increasing body size was associated with shortening small intestines, whereas females exhibited the opposite pattern. These novel findings shed light on the anatomical adaptations of the digestive tract in birds.
High-efficiency terahertz-wave generation based on extended interaction oscillator with strongly-coupled 2π mode operation
Authors: Xu Che , Lu Jiani , Tang Yongliang , Tang Xianfeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA slow-wave structure improvement for enhancing the 2π-mode electronic efficiency is embodied in the validation of an extended interaction oscillator (EIO), which has an electronic efficiency of 6.52% at 0.22 THz from particle-in-cell (PIC) calculations. A 2π-mode bi-periodic slow-wave structure (BPSWS) with staggered long and short slots is utilized for optimizing the circuit performance. The proposed BPSWS has the capability of combining the respective advantages for both π and 2π-mode in terms of coupling performance and output performance, thus supporting a strongly-coupled 2π-mode with higher coupling capability. Compared with the typical mono-periodic SWS (MPSWS), the adopted strongly-coupled 2π-mode effectively improves the characteristic impedance M2R/Q by 103% to 66.79 Ω, the coupling coefficient by 66% to 0.497, and the normalized wave-amplitude by 22%. Accordingly, 503 W of average output power can be derived for the BPSWS-EIO with a 25.7 kV and 0.3 A sheet beam injected. Cold-test experiments were conducted, confirming that the 0.22 THz structure exhibits commendable fabrication precision and consistency and thus demonstrates the expected frequency response.
Aperiodic component of EEG power spectrum and cognitive performance are modulated by education in aging
Authors: Montemurro Sonia , Borek Daniel , Marinazzo Daniele , Zago Sara , Masina Fabio , Napoli Ettore , Filippini Nicola , Arcara Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecent studies have shown a growing interest in the so-called “aperiodic” component of the EEG power spectrum, which describes the overall trend of the whole spectrum with a linear or exponential function. In the field of brain aging, this aperiodic component is associated both with age-related changes and performance on cognitive tasks. This study aims to elucidate the potential role of education in moderating the relationship between resting-state EEG features (including aperiodic component) and cognitive performance in aging. N = 179 healthy participants of the “Leipzig Study for Mind–Body-Emotion Interactions” (LEMON) dataset were divided into three groups based on age and education. Older adults exhibited lower exponent, offset (i.e. measures of aperiodic component), and Individual Alpha Peak Frequency (IAPF) as compared to younger adults. Moreover, visual attention and working memory were differently associated with the aperiodic component depending on education: in older adults with high education, higher exponent predicted slower processing speed and less working memory capacity, while an opposite trend was found in those with low education. While further investigation is needed, this study shows the potential modulatory role of education in the relationship between the aperiodic component of the EEG power spectrum and aging cognition.
Effects of IL-6, JAK, TNF inhibitors, and CTLA4-Ig on knee symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Murata Koichi , Uozumi Ryuji , Fujii Takayuki , Onishi Akira , Murakami Kosaku , Onizawa Hideo , Tanaka Masao , Morinobu Akio , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aims to identify factors influencing the alleviation of knee joint symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic or target synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs). Among 2321 patients who started b/tsDMARDs between 2010 and 2023, we focused on 295 patients who had knee swelling or tenderness at the initiation of b/tsDMARDs and continued b/tsDMARDs at least 3 months, with recorded knee symptoms 6 months later. Symptom relief after 6 months was 78.2% for interleukin 6 (IL-6) inhibitors, 68.6% for Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, 65.8% for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, and 57.6% for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA4-Ig). The initial use of b/tsDMARDs and the use of IL-6 inhibitors in comparison to CTLA4-Ig emerged as a significant factor associated with the improvement of knee joint symptoms. Among 141 patients who underwent knee radiography at baseline and two years later, the deterioration in knee joint radiographs was 7.7% for IL-6 inhibitors, 6.3% for JAK inhibitors, 21.9% for TNF inhibitors, and 25.9% for CTLA4-Ig. The use of IL-6 inhibitors was a significant factor associated with the improvement of knee joint symptoms and the inhibition of joint destruction compared to CTLA4-Ig.
Strain distribution in WS2 monolayers detected through polarization-resolved second harmonic generation
Authors: Kourmoulakis George , Psilodimitrakopoulos Sotiris , Maragkakis George Miltos , Mouchliadis Leonidas , Michail Antonios , Christodoulides Joseph A. , Tripathi Manoj , Dalton Alan B. , Parthenios John , Papagelis Konstantinos , Stratakis Emmanuel , Kioseoglou George 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTwo-dimensional (2D) graphene and graphene-related materials (GRMs) show great promise for future electronic devices. GRMs exhibit distinct properties under the influence of the substrate that serves as support through uneven compression/ elongation of GRMs surface atoms. Strain in GRM monolayers is the most common feature that alters the interatomic distances and band structure, providing a new degree of freedom that allows regulation of their electronic properties and introducing the field of straintronics. Having an all-optical and minimally invasive detection tool that rapidly probes strain in large areas of GRM monolayers, would be of great importance in the research and development of novel 2D devices. Here, we use Polarization-resolved Second Harmonic Generation (P-SHG) optical imaging to identify strain distribution, induced in a single layer of WS2 placed on a pre-patterned Si/SiO2 substrate with cylindrical wells. By fitting the P-SHG data pixel-by-pixel, we produce spatially resolved images of the crystal armchair direction. In regions where the WS2 monolayer conforms to the pattern topography, a distinct cross-shaped pattern is evident in the armchair image owing to strain. The presence of strain in these regions is independently confirmed using a combination of atomic force microscopy and Raman mapping.