bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flavor and appearance of whole shell eggs made safe with ozone pasteurization
Authors: Maxkwee Esther N. , Perry Jennifer J. , Lee Ken 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRaw eggs are a potential health hazard and a new federally approved process uses ozone to maintain freshness while ensuring safety. The impact of an ozone process on the flavor, color, and shell integrity of eggs must be known for market acceptance. The visual perception and consumer acceptance of full commercial scale ozone‐pasteurized eggs are reported, using a degree of liking test and a Just‐About‐Right analysis. Instrumental analysis of albumen turbidity, yolk color, and Haugh Units correlate with human perception. Visual tests reveal that ozone‐pasteurized eggs were equivalent to thermally pasteurized eggs in attributes such as appearance, spread, and cloudiness. They were equivalent to untreated eggs in yolk height, yellowness, and appeal. There were no differences in taste among all egg treatments for measures of aroma, flavor, texture and overall liking. Ozone‐pasteurized eggs have the same appeal as raw eggs, and can be cooked without flavor loss. This promising new ozone process maintains good sensory quality relative to thermal processing.
Reduction of suture associated inflammation after 28 days using novel biocompatible pseudoprotein poly(ester amide) biomaterials
Authors: Hernandez Karina A. , Hooper Rachel Campbell , Boyko Tatiana , Golas Alyssa R. , van Harten Michel , Wu D.Q. , Weinstein Andrew , Chu C.C. , Spector Jason A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSutures elicit an inflammatory response, which may impede the healing process and result in wound complications. We recently reported a novel family of biocompatible, biodegradable polymers, amino acid‐based poly(ester amide)s (AA‐PEA), which we have shown to significantly attenuate the foreign body inflammatory response in vitro. Two types of AA‐PEA (Phe‐PEA and Arg‐Phe‐PEA) were used to coat silk or plain‐gut sutures, which were implanted in the gluteus muscle of C57BL/6 mice, while the uncoated control sutures were implanted in the contralateral side. After 3, 7, 14, and 28 days the mean area of inflammation surrounding the sutures was compared. Phe‐PEA coating of silk sutures significantly decreased inflammation compared with noncoated controls (67.8 ± 17.4% after 3d [p = 0.0014], 51.6 ± 7.2% after 7d [p < 0.001], and 37.3 ± 8.3% after 28d [p = 0.0001]) when assessed via analysis of photomicrographs using digital image software. Phe‐PEA coated plain‐gut sutures were similarly assessed and demonstrated a significant decrease in the mean area of inflammation across all time points (54.1 ± 8.3% after 3 d, 41.4 ± 3.9% after 7 d, 71.5 ± 8.1% after 14 d, 78.4 ± 8.5%, and after 28 d [all p < 0.0001]). Arg‐Phe‐PEA coated silk demonstrated significantly less inflammation compared to noncoated controls (61.3 ± 9.4% after 3 d, 44.7 ± 4.7% after 7 d, 19.6 ± 8%, and 38.3 ± 6.8% after 28 d [all p < 0.0001]), as did coated plain‐gut (37.4 ± 8.3% after 3 d [p = 0.0004], 55.0 ± 7.8% after 7 d [p < 0.0001], 46.0 ± 4.6% after 14 d [p < 0.0001], and 59.0 ± 7.9% after 28 d [p < 0.0001]). Both Phe‐PEA and Arg‐Phe‐PEA coatings significantly decrease the inflammatory response to sutures in vivo for up to 28 days. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 457–463, 2015.
Nestin is a Marker of Lung Remodeling Secondary to Myocardial Infarction and Type I Diabetes in the Rat
Authors: Chabot Andréanne , Meus Marc‐Andre , Naud Patrice , Hertig Vanessa , Dupuis Jocelyn , Villeneuve Louis , El Khoury Nabel , Fiset Celine , Nattel Stanley , Jasmin Jean‐Francois , Calderone Angelino 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUpregulation of the intermediate filament protein nestin was identified in a subpopulation of fibroblasts during reactive and reparative fibrosis and directly contributed to the enhanced proliferative phenotype. The present study tested the hypothesis that nestin was expressed in lung fibroblasts and the pattern of expression represented a distinct marker of pulmonary remodeling secondary to myocardial infarction and type I diabetes. Nestin(+) fibroblasts were detected in rat lungs and a subpopulation exhibited a myofibroblast phenotype delineated by the co‐expression of smooth muscle α‐actin. In the lungs of myocardial infarcted rats, interstitial collagen content and nestin mRNA/protein levels were significantly increased despite the absence of secondary pulmonary hypertension, whereas smooth muscle α‐actin protein expression was unchanged. Exposure of rat pulmonary fibroblasts to pro‐fibrotic stimuli angiotensin II and transforming growth factor‐β significantly increased nestin protein levels. In the lungs of type I diabetic rats, the absence of a reactive fibrotic response was associated with a significant downregulation of nestin mRNA/protein expression. Nestin was reported a target of miR‐125b, albeit miR‐125b levels were unchanged in pulmonary fibroblasts treated with pro‐fibrotic stimuli. Nestin(+) cells lacking smooth muscle α‐actin/collagen staining were also identified in rodent lungs and a transgenic approach revealed that expression of the intermediate filament protein was driven by intron 2 of the nestin gene. The disparate regulation of nestin characterized a distinct pattern of pulmonary remodeling secondary to myocardial infarction and type I diabetes and upregulation of the intermediate filament protein in lung fibroblasts may have facilitated in part the reactive fibrotic response. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 170–179, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using A3 thinking to improve the STAT medication process
Authors: Manojlovich Milisa , Chase Valerie J. , Mack Megan , Conroy Meghan K. , Belanger Karen , Zawol Debbie , Corr Karen M. , Fowler Karen E. , Viglianti Elizabeth 
Published: June 2014

BACKGROUNDAlthough the term STAT conveys a sense of urgency, it is sometimes used to circumvent a system that may be too slow to accomplish tasks in a timely manner. We describe a quality‐improvement project undertaken by a US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) hospital to improve the STAT medication process.METHODSWe adapted A3 Thinking, a problem‐solving process common in Lean organizations, to our problem. In the discovery phase, a color‐coded flow map of the existing process was constructed, and a real‐time STAT order was followed in a modified “Go to the Gemba” exercise. In the envisioning phase, the team brainstormed to come up with as many improvement ideas as possible, which were then prioritized based on the anticipated effort and impact. The team then identified initial experiments to be carried out in the experimentation phase; each experiment followed a standard Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycle.RESULTSOn average, the number of STAT medications ordered per month decreased by 9.5%. The average time from STAT order entry to administration decreased by 21%, and time from medication delivery to administration decreased by 26%. Improvements were also made in technician awareness of STAT medications and nurse notification of STAT medication delivery.CONCLUSIONSAdapting A3 Thinking for process improvement was a low‐cost/low‐tech option for a VA facility. The A3 Thinking process led to a better understanding of the meaning of STAT across disciplines, and promoted a collaborative culture in which other hospital‐wide problems may be addressed in the future. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:540–544. 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Acute anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of an unripe apple preparation containing phlorizin in healthy volunteers: a preliminary study
Authors: Makarova Elina , Górnaś Paweł , Konrade Ilze , Tirzite Dace , Cirule Helena , Gulbe Anita , Pugajeva Iveta , Seglina Dalija , Dambrova Maija 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe health‐promoting properties of apples are directly related to the biologically active compounds that they contain, such as polyphenols. The objective of this study was to prepare a low‐sugar, fibre‐ and phlorizin‐enriched powder from unripe apples and to gain insight regarding its anti‐hyperglycaemic activity in healthy volunteers.RESULTSThe unripe apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were collected 30 days after the full bloom day; blanched and pressed to obtain apple pomace which was then processed with a food cutter, oven‐dried and milled to prepare apple powder. The concentrations of total sugars, water‐soluble pectin and phlorizin in the apple preparation were 153.44 ± 2.46, 27.73 ± 0.51 and 12.61 ± 0.15 g kg−1, respectively. Acute ingestion of the apple preparation improved glucose metabolism in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in six healthy volunteers by reducing the postprandial glucose response at 15 to 30 min by approximately two‐fold (P < 0.05) and by increasing urinary glucose excretion during the 2‐ to 4‐h interval of the OGTT by five‐fold (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe results obtained indicate that the dried and powdered pomace of unripe apples can be used as a health‐promoting natural product for the reduction of postprandial glycaemia and to improve the health of patients with diabetes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Acetone‐Based Cellulose Solvent
Authors: Kostag Marc , Liebert Tim , Heinze Thomas 
Published: June 2014

Acetone containing tetraalkylammonium chloride is found to be an efficient solvent for cellulose. The addition of an amount of 10 mol% (based on acetone) of well‐soluble salt triethyloctylammonium chloride (Et3OctN Cl) adjusts the solvent's properties (increases the polarity) to promote cellulose dissolution. Cellulose solutions in acetone/Et3OctN Cl have the lowest viscosity reported for comparable aprotic solutions making it a promising system for shaping processes and homogeneous chemical modification of the biopolymer. Recovery of the polymer and recycling of the solvent components can be easily achieved.
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Increased intracortical inhibition in hyperglycemic hemichorea‐hemiballism
Authors: Li Jie‐Yuan , Chen Robert 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHemichorea‐hemiballism (HC‐HB) in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is an uncommon manifestation of hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology of hyperglycemic HC‐HB is not well understood. A previous report showed increased intracortical inhibition in the motor cortex in a patient with diabetes with HC‐HB. The objective of this study is to investigate motor cortex excitability in patients with hyperglycemic HC‐HB. We hypothesized that intracortical inhibition measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation, which likely reflects the excitability of cortical γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic circuits, would be impaired in patients with hyperglycemic HC‐HB. We studied 15 patients with mean age 71.5 years (range, 48‐94 y) and 12 age‐matched healthy subjects. The motor cortex contralateral to the hemichorea was tested. Transcranial magnetic stimulation measures included motor evoked potential, recruitment curve, GABAA mediated short interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, and GABAB mediated silent period duration and long interval intracortical inhibition. No significant difference was found in motor threshold, recruitment curve response, short interval intracortical inhibition, or intracortical facilitation in both rest and active conditions between patients with hyperglycemic HC‐HB and normal subjects. However, long interval intracortical inhibition was significantly increased during muscle activation but not at rest in patients with hyperglycemic HC‐HB. The silent period duration is also increased in patients with hyperglycemic HC‐HB. We concluded that long interval intracortical inhibition and silent period are increased in the motor cortex contralateral to the hemichorea in hyperglycemic HC‐HB, but only during muscle activation. Hemichorea‐hemiballism may be associated with increased GABAB receptor‐mediated inhibitory activity in the motor cortex. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Systematic review of screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies in first trimester combining nuchal translucency and biochemical markers: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Prats Pilar , Rodríguez Ignacio , Comas Carmina , Puerto Bienvenido 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAimThis article is a systematic review of the literature to establish the detection rate and false‐positive rate of the combined test for the screening of trisomy 21 in twins.Material and methodsWe conducted a literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE and ScienceDirect and Cochrane) to identify studies between 1995 and 2013 that provided data on the combined test in twins. Selected studies included data on maternal age, number of fetuses affected by Down syndrome, test strategy, sensitivity and specificity of the test.ResultsThe combined test in twins had a pooled sensitivity of 0.893 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.797–0.947] and a pooled specificity of 0.946 (95% CI 0.933–0.957). The performance of the test was good (summary receiver operating characteristic area under the curve: 0.817). In dichorionic twins, sensitivity and specificity were 0.862 (95% CI 0.728–0.936) and 0.952 (95% CI 0.942–0.96), respectively. In monochorionic twins, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.874% (95% CI 0.526–0.977) and 0.954% (95% CI 0.943–0.963), respectively.ConclusionsThe results of this meta‐analysis show that the accumulative evidence on the performance of the combined test in twin pregnancies is good. Nowadays, it seems to be the best first‐trimester screening test available for twin pregnancies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of zinc in the stability of the marginally stable IscU scaffold protein
Authors: Iannuzzi Clara , Adrover Miquel , Puglisi Rita , Yan Robert , Temussi Piero Andrea , Pastore Annalisa 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that determine protein stability is interesting because it directly reflects the evolutionary pressure coming from function and environment. Here, we have combined experimental and computational methods to study the stability of IscU, a bacterial scaffold protein highly conserved in most organisms and an essential component of the iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis pathway. We demonstrate that the effect of zinc and its consequence strongly depend on the sample history. IscU is a marginally stable protein at low ionic strength to the point that undergoes cold denaturation at around −8°C with a corresponding dramatic decrease of enthalpy, which is consistent with the fluxional nature of the protein. Presence of constitutively bound zinc appreciably stabilizes the IscU fold, whereas it may cause protein aggregation when zinc is added back posthumously. We discuss how zinc coordination can be achieved by different side chains spatially available and all competent for tetrahedral coordination. The individual absence of some of these residues can be largely compensated by small local rearrangements of the others. We discuss the potential importance of our findingsin vitrofor the functionin vivoof the protein.
The in vivo efficacy and side effect pharmacology of GS‐5759, a novel bifunctional phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor and long‐acting β2‐adrenoceptor agonist in preclinical animal species
Authors: Salmon Michael , Tannheimer Stacey L. , Gentzler Terry T. , Cui Zhi‐Hua , Sorensen Eric A. , Hartsough Kimberly C. , Kim Musong , Purvis Lafe J. , Barrett Edward G. , McDonald Jacob D. , Rudolph Karin , Doyle‐Eisele Melanie , Kuehl Philip J. , Royer Christopher M. , Baker William R. , Phillips Gary B. , Wright Clifford D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBronchodilators are a central therapy for symptom relief in respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma, with inhaled β2‐adrenoceptor agonists and anticholinergics being the primary treatments available. The present studies evaluated the in vivo pharmacology of (R)‐6‐[[3‐[[4‐[5‐[[2‐Hydroxy‐2‐(8‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydroquinolin‐5‐yl)ethyl]amino]pent‐1‐ynyl]phenyl]carbamoyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]‐4‐[(3‐methoxyphenyl)amino]‐8‐methylquinoline‐3‐carboxamide (GS‐5759), a novel bifunctional compound with both phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor and long‐acting β2‐adrenoceptor agonist (LABA) activity, which has been optimized for inhalation delivery. GS‐5759 dose‐dependently inhibited pulmonary neutrophilia in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) aerosol challenge model of inflammation in rats with an ED50 ≤ 10 μg/kg. GS‐5759 was also a potent bronchodilator with an ED50 of 0.09 μg/kg in guinea pigs and 3.4 μg/kg in dogs after methylcholine (MCh) and ragweed challenges respectively. In cynomolgus monkeys, GS‐5759 was dosed as a fine‐particle dry powder and was efficacious in the same dose range in both MCh and LPS challenge models, with an ED50 = 70 μg/kg for bronchodilation and ED50 = 4.9 μg/kg for inhibition of LPS‐induced pulmonary neutrophilia. In models to determine therapeutic index (T.I.), efficacy for bronchodilation was evaluated against increased heart rate and GS‐5759 had a T.I. of 700 in guinea pigs and >31 in dogs. In a ferret model of emesis, no emesis was seen at doses several orders of magnitude greater than the ED50 observed in the rat LPS inflammation model. GS‐5759 is a bifunctional molecule developed for the treatment of COPD, which has both bronchodilator and anti‐inflammatory activity and has the potential for combination as a triple therapy with a second compound, within a single inhalation device.
Characterization of a novel brain barrier ex vivo insect‐based P‐glycoprotein screening model
Authors: Andersson Olga , Badisco Liesbeth , Hansen Ane Håkansson , Hansen Steen Honoré , Hellman Karin , Nielsen Peter Aadal , Olsen Line Rørbæk , Verdonck Rik , Abbott N. Joan , Vanden Broeck Jozef , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn earlier studies insects were proposed as suitable models for vertebrate blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability prediction and useful in early drug discovery. Here we provide transcriptome and functional data demonstrating the presence of a P‐glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux transporter in the brain barrier of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). In an in vivo study on the locust, we found an increased uptake of the two well‐known Pgp substrates, rhodamine 123 and loperamide after co‐administration with the Pgp inhibitors cyclosporine A or verapamil. Furthermore, ex vivo studies on isolated locust brains demonstrated differences in permeation of high and low permeability compounds. The vertebrate Pgp inhibitor verapamil did not affect the uptake of passively diffusing compounds but significantly increased the brain uptake of Pgp substrates in the ex vivo model. In addition, studies at 2°C and 30°C showed differences in brain uptake between Pgp‐effluxed and passively diffusing compounds. The transcriptome data show a high degree of sequence identity of the locust Pgp transporter protein sequences to the human Pgp sequence (37%), as well as the presence of conserved domains. As in vertebrates, the locust brain–barrier function is morphologically confined to one specific cell layer and by using a whole‐brain ex vivo drug exposure technique our locust model may retain the major cues that maintain and modulate the physiological function of the brain barrier. We show that the locust model has the potential to act as a robust and convenient model for assessing BBB permeability in early drug discovery.
Directing peptide crystallization through curvature control of nanotubes
Authors: Gobeaux Frédéric , Tarabout Christophe , Fay Nicolas , Meriadec Cristelle , Ligeti Melinda , Buisson David‐Alexandre , Cintrat Jean‐Christophe , Artzner Franck , Paternostre Maïté 
Published: June 2014

In the absence of efficient crystallization methods, the molecular structures of fibrous assemblies have so far remained rather elusive. In this paper, we present a rational method to crystallize the lanreotide octapeptide by modification of a residue involved in a close contact.Indeed, we show that it is possible to modify the curvature of the lanreotide nanotubes and hence their diameter. This fine tuning leads to crystallization because the radius of curvature of the initially bidimensional peptide wall can be increased up to a point where the wall is essentially flat and a crystal is allowed to grow along a third dimension. By comparing X‐ray diffraction data and Fourier transform Raman spectra, we show that the nanotubes and the crystals share similar cell parameters and molecular conformations, proving that there is indeed a structural continuum between these two morphologies. These results illustrate a novel approach to crystallization and represent the first step towards the acquisition of an Å‐resolution structure of the lanreotide nanotubes β‐sheet assembly. Copyright © 2014 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pre‐emption framework for UMTS compatible satellite system supporting multimedia traffic
Authors: Pillai Anju , Hu Yim‐Fun , Halliwell Rosemary 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe pre‐emption procedure is an important part of the radio resource management when dealing with the emergency traffic. It allows resources to be allocated to higher priority connections by pre‐empting lower priority connections. The provision of the pre‐emption mechanism becomes much more important in the case of satellite systems such as the Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Network system, which aids in providing the communication during a catastrophe. This paper focuses on the pre‐emption framework for a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System‐based satellite systems. Three algorithms have been proposed, Greedy, SubSetSum and Fuzzy pre‐emption algorithm. Extensive simulations are carried out for the three algorithms, and their performances are compared against each other. Simulation results show that the Fuzzy pre‐emption algorithm performs better than the other two algorithms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamic key management scheme for dynamic wireless sensor networks
Authors: Erfani Seyed Hossein , Javadi Hamid H.S. , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDynamic wireless sensor network (DWSN) is a group of mobile sensor nodes deployed in an intended area. Secure communication in DWSNs depends on the existence of an efficient key management scheme. Because of the movements of sensor nodes and unknown mobility pattern, dynamic key management is an important issue in such networks. In this paper, we propose a new key management scheme, which uses key pre‐distribution and post‐deployment key establishment mechanisms for DWSNs. The proposed approach ensures that the two communicating nodes share at least one common key. It also provides efficient ways for key generation and revocation as well as addition or deletion of mobile sensor nodes. Compared with the other key management schemes, which are designed for DWSNs, our simulation and analytical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in terms of confidentiality, resilience, memory usage, energy consumption and overhead. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.