bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carrion use by a reptile is influenced by season, habitat and competition with an apex mammalian scavenger
Authors: Cairncross Rhys J. , Spencer Emma E. , Meisuria Niraj , Crowther Mathew S. , Newsome Thomas M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractScavenging on carrion is critical and often fiercely competitive for a range of vertebrate species, from native apex predators to invasive species and even reptiles. Within Australia, a notable reptilian scavenger is the lace monitor (Varanus varius). In this study, we quantified lace monitor activity at carcasses and compared their use of the resource to common co‐occurring predators that also scavenge; the invasive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and a native apex predator, the dingo (Canis dingo). To do so, we deployed 80 macropod carcasses equally across seasons (summer and winter) and habitats (open and closed canopy) in a temperate bioregion and monitored vertebrate scavenging with camera traps. Lace monitor activity (visitation at carcass sites inclusive of both non‐scavenging and scavenging events) was 1.67 times higher in summer than in winter, but it did not differ across closed and open habitats. Monitor activity occurred earlier after carcass deployment at sites deployed in summer than winter (1.47‐fold earlier), and at carcasses in open than closed habitats (0.22‐fold earlier). Lace monitors initially discovered carcass sites faster in summer than winter and before both red foxes and dingoes in summer. The species was active diurnally in both summer and winter, differing from the red fox, which was strictly a nocturnal scavenger and the dingo, which was significantly more active at night across both seasons. Finally, we found that lace monitor activity at carcass sites decreased slightly with higher rates of activity for dingoes (0.04‐fold decrease as dingo activity increased), but not with red fox activity. Our results have implications for understanding lace monitor foraging and scavenging and highlight the value of monitoring carcasses to provide important insights into the behaviour of varanid lizards that scavenge.
Correcting for measurement errors in a long‐term aerial survey with auxiliary photographic data
Authors: Brusa Jamie L. , Farr Matthew T. , Evenson Joseph , Silverman Emily , Murphie Bryan , Cyra Thomas A. , Tschaekofske Heather J. , Spragens Kyle A. , Converse Sarah J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLong‐term, large‐scale monitoring of wildlife populations is an integral part of conservation research and management. However, some traditional monitoring protocols lack the information needed to account for sources of measurement error in data analyses. Ignoring measurement error, such as partial availability, imperfect detection, and species misidentification, can lead to mischaracterizations of population states and processes. Accounting for measurement error is key to robust monitoring of populations, which can inform a wide variety of decisions, including harvest, habitat restoration, and determination of the legal status of species. We undertook an effort to retroactively minimize bias in a large‐scale, long‐term monitoring program for marine birds in the Salish Sea, Washington, USA, by conducting an auxiliary study to jointly estimate components of measurement error. We built a novel model in a Bayesian framework that simultaneously harnessed human observer and photographic data types to produce estimates necessary to correct for the effects of partial availability, imperfect detection, and species misidentification. Across all 31 species identified in photographs, both observers had instances of undercounting and overcounting birds but tended to undercount (observers undercounted totals across all species on 69.3%–78.9% of transects). We estimated species‐specific correction factors that can be used to correct both historical and future counts from the Salish Sea survey, which has been running since 1992. Our novel modeling framework can be applied in other multispecies monitoring contexts where minimal photographic data can be collected for the purposes of correcting for measurement error in large‐scale, long‐term datasets.
Western spotted skunk spatial ecology in the temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Tosa Marie I. , Lesmeister Damon B. , Levi Taal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA major threat to small mammalian carnivore populations is human‐induced land use change, but conservation and management are inhibited by limited knowledge about their ecology and natural history. To fill a key knowledge gap of the western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis), we investigated their spatial ecology at the landscape and home range scale in the temperate rainforests of the Oregon Cascades during 2017–2019. For the landscape scale analysis, we used detections of western spotted skunks at 112 baited camera traps and fitted a dynamic occupancy model to investigate spatial distribution and drivers of inter‐seasonal and inter‐annual changes in occupancy. Concurrently, we radio‐collared 25 spotted skunks (9 female, 16 male) and collected 1583 relocations. Using continuous‐time movement models, we estimated large home range sizes for both male and female spotted skunks, relative to their body mass, and highly overlapping home ranges that indicated a lack of territoriality. Using these home ranges, we fitted a resource selection function using environmental covariates that we assigned to various hypotheses such as resources, predator avoidance, thermal tolerance, and disturbance. Overall, western spotted skunks were widely distributed across our study area (seasonal occupancy up to 63.7 ± 5.3%) and highly detectable (weekly detection probability = 41.2%). At both spatial scales, spotted skunks selected wetter areas and local valleys, which we attributed to areas with more food resources. At the home range scale, spotted skunks selected locations with lower predation risk and areas surrounded by more previously logged forests. In this montane environment, inter‐seasonal contractions in the spatial distributions of spotted skunks were strongly driven by their response to cold temperature and accumulated snow. This was especially evident when seasonal occupancy declined significantly following a severe heavy snow event in February 2019. Given that there is little information available on the natural history of the western spotted skunk, these results provide essential information about their ecology to focus future monitoring efforts and may help identify potential threats (e.g., forest management, severe snow events, or wildfires) to this species.
The contribution of nearshore oceanography to temporal variation in larval dispersal
Authors: Catalano Katrina A. , Drenkard Elizabeth J. , Curchitser Enrique N. , Dedrick Allison G. , Stuart Michelle R. , Montes Humberto R. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatterns of population connectivity shape ecological and evolutionary phenomena from population persistence to local adaptation and can inform conservation strategy. Connectivity patterns emerge from the interaction of individual behavior with a complex and heterogeneous environment. Despite ample observation that dispersal patterns vary through time, the extent to which variation in the physical environment can explain emergent connectivity variation is not clear. Empirical studies of its contribution promise to illuminate a potential source of variability that shapes the dynamics of natural populations. We leveraged simultaneous direct dispersal observations and oceanographic transport simulations of the clownfish Amphiprion clarkii in the Camotes Sea, Philippines, to assess the contribution of oceanographic variability to emergent variation in connectivity. We found that time‐varying oceanographic simulations on both annual and monsoonal timescales partly explained the observed dispersal patterns, suggesting that temporal variation in oceanographic transport shapes connectivity variation on these timescales. However, interannual variation in observed mean dispersal distance was nearly 10 times the expected variation from biophysical simulations, revealing that additional biotic and abiotic factors contribute to interannual connectivity variation. Simulated dispersal kernels also predicted a smaller scale of dispersal than the observations, supporting the hypothesis that undocumented abiotic factors and behaviors such as swimming and navigation enhance the probability of successful dispersal away from, as opposed to retention near, natal sites. Our findings highlight the potential for coincident observations and biophysical simulations to test dispersal hypotheses and the influence of temporal variability on metapopulation persistence, local adaptation, and other population processes.
eDNA Is a Useful Environmental Monitoring Tool for Assessing Stream Ecological Health
Authors: Suren Alastair M. , Burdon Francis J. , Wilkinson Shaun P. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is increasingly used in biodiversity assessments, but there remain uncertainties regarding its congruence with data based on traditional approaches involving habitat sampling and morphological‐based taxonomy. Using eDNA for biomonitoring has several advantages, including improved processing efficiencies and precision of taxonomic identification. In contrast, traditional biomonitoring is time‐consuming and expensive, often limiting the number of sites monitored. Establishing that eDNA‐derived metrics are congruent with their traditional equivalents on a national scale would support its wider use in biomonitoring. Our study compared ecosystem health assessments made by traditional biomonitoring techniques to those using eDNA from 53 sites throughout Aotearoa New Zealand. Because eDNA sampling was not done concurrently with benthic sampling at most sites, we used the average community composition at each site based on previous sampling occasions. We also allocated species identified by eDNA to the traditional level of identification to allow comparisons with eDNA data identified to broader taxonomic groups. We assessed similarities between the three datasets and found a high degree of correlation and convergence between biotic indices calculated from the different methods. eDNA did, however, appear to under‐represent some taxa, reflecting challenges in matching barcodes with an often‐incomplete sequence library. eDNA data did not always perform better in terms of showing the effects of land use on invertebrate community composition, but all datasets produced similar patterns. Multivariate analyses (redundancy analysis and variation partitioning) identified congruent relationships between environmental and spatial variables with the invertebrate community structure described by the three methods. eDNA data replicated the environmental responses and showed the same overall patterns in community composition as the traditionally collected data. We suggest that eDNA biomonitoring can complement traditional methods, and will perform at least as well as traditional data at detecting patterns in invertebrate community composition and ecosystem health at a national scale.
Predictive value of NT pro BNP for new‐onset atrial fibrillation in heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Liu Xiao , Chen Sixu , Pan Hong , Zhang Zenghui , Wang Yue , Jiang Yuan , Wu Maoxiong , Chen Zhiteng , Abudukeremu Ayiguli , Cao Zhengyu , Gao Qingyuan , Zhang Minghai , Zhu Wengen , Chen Yangxin , Zhang Yuling , Wang Jingfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe prognostic significance of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been well established. HFpEF and atrial fibrillation (AF) commonly coexist, and each contributes to poor outcomes independently. Nevertheless, the ability of NT‐proBNP to predict AF in HFpEF patients remains uncertain.Methods and resultsA total of 367 HFpEF patients without baseline AF from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial were included. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the association of NT‐proBNP with the risk of AF. The C‐statistic, categorical net reclassification index (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used to evaluate the ability of NT‐proBNP in new‐onset AF prediction. During a median follow‐up of 2.91 years, 17 (4.63%) new‐onset AF cases occurred. Every 1000 pg/mL increase in NT‐proBNP was associated with a 16% increase in the risk of AF occurrence after adjustments (hazard ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.02–1.32]). NT‐proBNP showed a moderate performance for new‐onset AF at 3 years (C‐statistic, 0.67). Adding NT‐proBNP to CHADS2/R2CHADS2/CHA2DS2‐VASc/C2HSET scores improved their predictive performance for AF risk (CHADS2: C‐statistic, 0.63, CHADS2+NT: C‐statistic, 0.69, NRI, 47.46%, IDI, 1.18%; R2CHADS2: C‐statistic, 0.65, R2CHADS2+NT: C‐statistic, 0.70, NRI, 48.03%, IDI, 0.51%; CHA2DS2‐VASc: C‐statistic, 0.67, CHA2DS2‐VASc+NT: C‐statistic, 0.72, NRI, 49.41%, IDI, 0.86%; C2HSET: C‐statistic, 0.77, C2HSET+NT: C‐statistic, 0.80, NRI, 50.32%, IDI, 1.58%).ConclusionsAmong patients with HFpEF, the NT‐proBNP level was positively associated with the incidence of new‐onset AF and may be a promising predictor.
Catalytic Enantioselective Macrocyclization for the Synthesis of Planar‐Chiral Cyclophanes: Recent Updates
Authors: Dong Ziyang , Li Jia , Zhao Changgui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe planar chirality of macrocycles is a fascinating research topic. Locking the configurational flip between the benzene ring and macrocycle leads to planar chirality, which can significantly enhance the biological activity of cyclophanes. Planar‐chiral cyclophanes are widely used in pharmaceuticals, chiral catalysts, and functional materials. However, accessing planar‐chiral cyclophanes via asymmetric catalysis has remained challenging. Among the various strategies, asymmetric macrocyclization provides a powerful tool for accessing planar‐chiral cyclophanes. This method allows for control of the planar chirality when constructing the macrocycle and greatly improves the efficiency. There are three types of macrocyclization reactions: transition metal‐catalyzed, organocatalyzed, and biocatalyzed. In addition, the chiral confinement strategy breaks through conservative synthetic approaches. This review summarizes these achievements, aiming to highlight the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of cyclophanes and inspire interested researchers.
A broken link: Knowledge of carbohydrate requirements do not predict carbohydrate intake around competition in endurance athletes
Authors: Sampson Gemma , Morton James. P. , Areta José. L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEndurance athletes fail to meet carbohydrate (CHO) guidelines for competition, which may be due to limited knowledge. However, the relationship between knowledge and practice in this population is unknown. To investigate this, we assessed the dietary intake in 50 athletes (37 females) who completed endurance events ≥2.5 h in duration and compared CHO intake against the carbohydrates for endurance athletes in competition questionnaire validated nutrition knowledge questionnaire, with specific questions related to CHO loading, pre‐competition meal and during‐competition intake. CHO‐loading guidelines (10–12 g · kg−1 · day−1) were met in practice by n = 5 (10%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0–12 g · kg−1 · day−1) and actual intake (rs = 0.133, p = 0.358), with the n = 18 (36%) who correctly identified requirements, ingesting 6.1 ± 1.9 g · kg−1 · day−1. CHO intake for pre‐competition meal guidelines (1–4 g · kg−1) was met in practice by n = 40 (80%), but there was no relationship between identified requirements (range 0 to >4 g · kg−1) and actual intake (rs = 0.101, p = 0.487), with n = 19 (38%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 1.4 ± 0.6 g · kg−1. CHO intake during‐competition guidelines (60–90 g · h−1) was met in practice by n = 18 (36%), but there was no relationship between the amounts of CHO required (range 30 to >90 g/h) and actual intake (rs = 0.028, p = 0.849), with n = 32 (64%) who correctly identified guidelines requirements, ingesting 56 ± 20 g · h−1. Results show no relationship between the knowledge of CHO recommendations and practice, suggesting that theoretical knowledge does not guarantee the achievement of best practice and other important factors may ultimately determine practice.
Hurdle technology using enzymes and essential oil to remove biofilm and increase the effectiveness of this process with the microencapsulation method
Authors: Ghahari Ayda , Khosravi‐Darani Kianoush 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe formation of biofilm in different places and the failure to effectively remove it by the usual disinfection methods is due to its structure and the rich genetic resource available in it to deal with disinfectants. These impenetrable structures and diverse microbial genetics have caused biofilm pollution in different industries like the food industry, the medicine industry, the hospitals and the water distribution system, resulting in pathogenicity and reduction of industrial quality. An efficient way to deal with the resistant population of biofilm‐forming microbes is the use of hurdle technology including enzymes and essential oils. Enzymes reduce the resistance of the biofilm structure due to degradation of its extracellular polymer matrix (EPS) by their abilities to break down the organic molecules, and then the essential oils weaken the cells by penetrating the lipid membrane of the cell and destroying its integrity; as a result, the biofilm will be destroyed. The advantage of this hurdle technology is the environmental friendly of both methods, which reduces concerns about the use of chemical disinfection methods, but on the other hand, due to the sensitivity of enzymes as biological agents also the expensiveness of this technique and the considerations of working with essential oils as volatile and unstable liquids should abandon the routine methods of applying this disinfectant to biofilm and go for the microencapsulation method, which as a protective system increases the effectiveness of enzymes and essential oils as antibiofilm agents.
How to spark team flow over time
Authors: van den Hout Jef J. J. , Davis Orin C. , Buseyne Siem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn important question in teamwork research is how to maximize performance and the aspects of the team's dynamics and collaboration process that underpin it. Prior research has shown that when team members who are collaborating towards a common purpose experience flow together (team flow; optimal experiences that occur simultaneously at the individual and team levels, entailing deep focus and intrinsic motivation to perform an activity), the team significantly improves its performance and team members experience many positive results at both the individual and team levels. Further advances have built a model of team flow and a means for measuring the construct, as well as qualitative results in business teams to confirm how the elements of team flow interact to generate the positive experiences and higher performance. This study adds practical value to the research by providing proof‐of‐concept for an intervention that promotes team flow in business teams. This cross‐case‐study of 15 teams across five different organizations uses the Team Flow Monitor as a barometer of team health and dynamics, which in turn serves as the centerpiece of an iterative intervention protocol for leading/guiding teams in targeted self‐reflection that can generate virtuous cycles of improving dynamics and performance. In addition to a significant amount of qualitative data confirming the efficacy of the intervention in enabling teams to overcome obstacles and experience more team flow, quantitative analysis of Team Flow Monitor scores showed an increase on average team flow scores across the teams over the course of the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.6). Implications for translating team flow research to field situations are discussed, along with further potential uses of the Team Flow Monitor.
Leveraging critical literacy on social media interaction in acculturation
Authors: Cai Shiyu , Lai Chun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcculturation is the process of psychological and behavioral change that individuals go through during and after intercultural contacts. Social media have become a major space for cross‐cultural encounters, and are important venues of socialization for marginalized populations. Intercultural encounters on social media may benefit or detriment the acculturation process, and how marginalized populations make sense of their social media experience is pivotal in this respect. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of research that examines non‐dominant ethnic groups' meaning‐making of and digital literacy practices on social media and how these practices relate to acculturation. To fill this research gap, this study collected data through semi‐structured interviews with 44 non‐dominant ethnic adolescents in Hong Kong. Through the theoretical lens of critical literacy, this study revealed various facets of literacy practices in which these underrepresented adolescents engaged and found that these practices, and the lack thereof, moderated their acculturation process on and beyond social media platforms. The findings suggest that critical digital literacy on social media interaction is critical to non‐dominant ethnic groups' acculturation process.
Using positioning theory to investigate the participation of culturally and linguistically diverse adolescent students in classroom discussion
Authors: Sywulka Karissa J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeachers have a critical opportunity to decide how to position transnational funds of knowledge of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. Positioning theory investigates how views of self and others are applied in social interactions. This scoping literature review identified nine studies that used positioning theory to trace the participation of adolescent CLD students in classroom discussions. The review was limited to peer‐reviewed studies set in school and afterschool classes in the United States. The findings provide a variety of real‐world examples of students and teachers negotiating their identities and navigating participatory opportunities. In response to how the findings revealed the far‐reaching influence of the teacher, this article introduces a model illustrating the intersection of two key components of teaching style: teacher beliefs and positioning of transnational funds of knowledge. Four teacher profiles represent four stances: The Culturally Responsive Teacher, The Wide Net, The Silencer, and The Idealist.