bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CYP3A4 Poor and Intermediate Metabolizers Have a Higher Rate of Steroid-Induced Intraocular Pressure Response
Authors: Wright Jessica A. , Xu Sarah C. , Wong Mitchell H. , El Melik Razan M. , Hodge David , Sit Arthur J. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
Evaluate the relationship between CYP3A4 phenotype, the gene encoding the enzyme that metabolizes exogenous steroids, and the rate of steroid-induced intraocular pressure (IOP) response.

Materials and Methods:
Lymphocyte-derived DNA sequencing of CYP3A4 from 10073 patients was completed using the PGRN-Seq assay. Subjects with CYP3A4 intermediate metabolizer or slower phenotypes were identified and compared with controls matched by age, race, and sex. All subjects had at least 3 eye exams with at least an exam while on topical/systemic/local steroid in any body location except the eye. Patients with pre-existing glaucoma or glaucoma suspects were excluded.

Results:
Of the 10,073 patients, there were 63 patients who had CYP3A4 poor or intermediate metabolizer phenotype. Of the 63 patients, 22 had documented steroid use. Fifty-nine percent (13/22) of patients with CYP3A4 poor/intermediate metabolizer had a steroid-induced IOP response of 3 mm Hg or more, significantly higher compared with 23% (5/22) of matched controls (P=0.031). Although more poor/intermediate metabolizers were steroid responders, the average IOP elevation in steroid responders in both groups was similar (5.0±2.5 mm Hg in CYP3A4 poor/intermediate metabolizers compared with 4.1±2.1 mm Hg in controls, P=0.327). Family history of glaucoma was similar in both groups (7/22 vs. 8/22, P=1.0).

Conclusion:
Reduced CYP3A4 phenotypes may help identify patients at a higher risk of steroid-induced IOP elevation.
Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 contributes to the interleukin-33-mediated cold allodynia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain
Authors: Du Lixia , Zhu Jianyu , Liu Shenbin , Yang Wei , Hu Xueming , Zhang Wenwen , Cui Wenqiang , Yang Yayue , Wang Chenghao , Yang Yachen , Gao Tianchi , Zhang Chen , Zhang Ruofan , Lou Mengping , Zhou Hong , Rao Jia , Maoying Qiliang , Chu Yuxia , Wang Yanqing , Mi Wenli 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cold allodynia is a common complaint of patients suffering from neuropathic pain initiated by peripheral nerve injury. However, the mechanisms that drive neuropathic cold pain remain elusive. In this study, we show that the interleukin (IL)-33/ST2 signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a critical contributor to neuropathic cold pain by interacting with the cold sensor transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8). By using the St2

−/−
mice, we demonstrate that ST2 is required for the generation of nociceptor hyperexcitability and cold allodynia in a mouse model of spared nerve injury (SNI). Moreover, the selective elimination of ST2 function from the Nav1.8-expressing nociceptor markedly suppresses SNI-induced cold allodynia. Consistent with the loss-of-function studies, intraplantar injection of recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) is sufficient to induce cold allodynia. Mechanistically, ST2 is co-expressed with TRPM8 in both mouse and human DRG neurons and rIL-33-induced Ca2+ influx in mouse DRG neurons through TRPM8. Co-immunoprecipitation assays further reveal that ST2 interacts with TRPM8 in DRG neurons. Importantly, rIL-33-induced cold allodynia is abolished by pharmacological inhibition of TRPM8 and genetic ablation of the TRPM8-expressing neurons. Thus, our findings suggest that the IL-33/ST2 signaling mediates neuropathic cold pain through downstream cold-sensitive TRPM8 channels, thereby identifying a potential analgesic target for the treatment of neuropathic cold pain.
The Antigravity Treadmill as a Postoperative and Injury Rehabilitation Tool: Reduction in Contact Forces and Muscle Activity With Reduced Weight Running
Authors: Alexeev Sergei O. , Trikha Rishi , Short Steven , Hunt Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To investigate the effects of reduced weight running on the antigravity (AG) treadmill on maintenance of normal muscle activation and reduction of plantar forces in healthy subjects.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Clinical sports medicine center.

Participants:
Twenty healthy subjects (10 male and 10 female) aged 18 to 29 years.

Independent Variables:
Subjects running at 6.5 miles per hour on a standard treadmill and on the AG treadmill at 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% of bodyweight levels.

Main Outcome Measures:
Dynamic plantar loading data were recorded using pressure insoles. Surface electromyography electrodes with imbedded accelerometers were used to estimate timing and magnitude of muscle activity, stride length, and cadence.

Results:
There was a significant, sequential reduction in peak pressure, maximum force, and force time integral (FTI) with decreasing bodyweight. A 50% bodyweight reduction resulted in a 51% reduction in maximum force and a 59% reduction in FTI in the heel, as compared with 19% to 28% at the metatarsal heads. There was reduced contact area in the heel and midfoot at and below 70% BW. Lower limb muscle activity decreases with reduced bodyweight while maintain normal muscle recruitment timing.

Conclusions:
The AG treadmill provides a reduction in loading forces while maintaining normal muscle recruitment patterns. Decreased BW running preferentially unloads the hindfoot. The AG treadmill can be an effective rehabilitation tool following foot or ankle injury and may prove superior to other limited weight-bearing methods.
Faculty Behaviors and Beliefs About Teaching Gun Violence Prevention in Undergraduate Nursing Programs
Authors: Holmes Sarah M. , Moorman Margaret M. , Draucker Claire , Perkins Susan M. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Gun violence is a public health crisis, but nurses report receiving little education related to gun violence prevention (GVP).

Purpose:
This study aimed to describe undergraduate nursing faculty teaching behaviors and perceptions related to GVP and explore factors associated with teaching it.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey design was used.

Results:
Less than one-third of faculty taught GVP. Knowledge, confidence, and beliefs were significantly associated with teaching GVP. Most were favorable to include GVP in curricula and agreed assessing for gun access, counseling about safe gun storage, and counseling about lethal means restriction should be taught. Key barriers included content saturation, political atmosphere, lack of educational materials, and lack of topic expertise.

Conclusion:
Faculty agree that GVP should be taught, but most do not teach it in undergraduate nursing programs. Faculty development programs focused on GVP and support from national nursing organizations may decrease barriers in incorporating GVP into curricula.
Comparison of Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in a Veteran Versus Nonveteran Population
Authors: Tripathi Siddhant H. , Adams Sarah M. , Wong Eric M. , Petito Gabrielle , Shapiro Scott , Grisel Jedidiah , Breen Joseph , Dhanda Patil Reena 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To evaluate for equivalence in postoperative changes of speech recognition scores in a veteran patient population undergoing cochlear implantation (CI) compared to matched nonveteran patients.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
A total of 83 veteran patients who underwent CI at a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VA cohort) were matched to 83 nonveteran patients from the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-secure, Encrypted, Research, Management and Evaluation Solution database (HERMES cohort) based on age, sex, and baseline Consonant–Nucleus–Consonant (CNC) scores.

Intervention:
Patients underwent CI.

Main Outcome Measures:
Comparison of postoperative CNC and Arizona Biomedical Institute recognition scores.

Results:
The mean difference and lower confidence interval of CNC scores between matched Veterans Affairs and HERMES cohorts were within a −ΔNI boundary of −15% at the 3-month (mean = 6.15, lower confidence interval = −2.38), 6-month (mean = 7.36, lower confidence interval = −2.21), and 12-month (mean = 4.03, lower confidence interval = −4.88) postoperative time points. The mean difference and lower confidence interval of Arizona Biomedical Institute scores between cohorts were within the −ΔNI boundary of −30% at 3 months (mean = 1, lower confidence interval = −8.71), 6 months (mean = 0.31, lower confidence interval = −12.30), and 12 months (mean = 0.72, lower confidence interval = −10.48).

Conclusion:
Our veteran population demonstrated improvements in speech recognition scores after CI comparable to a matched nonveteran population. Although veterans face unique factors that affect their hearing, access to medical care, and baseline general health, these findings affirm appropriate veteran candidates should be offered CI.
Evaluating the Accuracy and Completeness of Artificial Intelligence Responses Against Established Otology Guidelines
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , Corona Kassandra K. , Yoshiyasu Yuki , Young Dayton L. , McKinnon Brian J. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI), especially large language models like Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), into medical practice is a burgeoning field of interest. This research evaluates the applicability of GPT-4 in otology by analyzing its responses to queries based on otologic clinical practice guidelines.

Methods:
Key guidelines from otology were selected, and corresponding questions were formulated to examine GPT-4’s interpretation and response accuracy. Two independent reviewers assessed the AI-generated answers for accuracy and completeness, using a structured Likert scale. A re-evaluation was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of the results.

Results:
The analysis showed a high accuracy level (mean score: 4.75 of 5) and completeness (mean score: 2.88 of 3) in GPT-4’s responses. The interrater agreement, as indicated by Cohen κ, was substantial. GPT-4 consistently advised on individualized treatment plans and professional consultation, particularly for guidelines with weaker evidence, demonstrating its cautious approach to handling medical information.

Conclusion:
GPT-4 exhibits promising potential as an auxiliary tool in otology, providing accurate and comprehensive information. However, its role should be viewed as supplementary, with emphasis on continual updates and careful monitoring to align with evolving medical knowledge. Future studies are recommended to further explore the depth of AI application in diverse clinical scenarios and its real-time impact on clinical outcomes.
Sleep Duration, Insomnia, and Associated Factors Among Ukrainians 1 Year After Russia’s Full-Scale Invasion
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Hicks Madelyn Hsiao-Rei , Barrett Emily , Martsenkovskyi Dmytro , Holovanova Irina , Marchak Olga , Ishchenko Liudmyla , Fiedler Nancy , Haque Ubydul 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
We aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disturbances and associated factors among Ukrainians 1 year after Russia’s full-scale invasion.

Methods
Quota sampling was used to collect online survey data from 2364 adults living in Ukraine aged 18 to 79 years from April 5, 2023, to May 15, 2023. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration ≤6 hours and long sleep duration as ≥9 hours. Insomnia was assessed by the Insomnia Symptom Questionnaire.

Results
The prevalences of short sleep duration, long sleep duration, and insomnia were 39.4%, 6.9%, and 38.5%, respectively. Short sleep duration and insomnia were both more likely in females (short sleep duration: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.44; insomnia: aOR = 2.17), individuals with depression (short sleep duration: aOR = 1.61; insomnia: aOR = 7.76), affected by the 2014 Russian invasion (short sleep duration: aOR = 1.37; insomnia: aOR = 1.78), and with more trauma events (short sleep duration: quartile 3 [Q3] versus Q1: aOR = 1.88; Q4 versus Q1: aOR = 1.83; insomnia: Q3 versus Q1: aOR = 2.14; Q4 versus Q1: aOR = 2.32). Insomnia was more likely in Ukrainians with posttraumatic stress disorder (aOR = 2.95), anxiety (aOR = 4.57), and loneliness (aOR = 1.67). Essential public service was associated with short sleep duration (aOR = 1.64). Short sleep duration and insomnia were associated with lower quality of life in physical, psychological, and environmental domains. Insomnia was associated with the social relationships domain.

Conclusions
Sleep health among Ukrainian adults 1 year into the war is concerning, with more than one-third reporting inadequate sleep or insomnia. More studies are needed on impacts and interventions for sleep health during and after the war.
Neonatal Hair Cortisol and Birth Outcomes: An Empirical Study and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Deer LillyBelle K. , Demers Catherine H. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Doom Jenalee R. , Shields Grant S. , Hoffman M. Camille , Davis Elysia Poggi 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Prenatal stress physiology is often posited as a predictor of birth outcomes, including gestational age at birth and birthweight. However, research has predominantly relied on indicators in the maternal system, with few studies examining hormones of the fetal system. The current study focuses on fetal cortisol in the third trimester, as measured in neonatal hair, as a biological factor that might be associated with birth outcomes (gestational age at birth and birthweight). We report findings from two studies: a longitudinal cohort (Study 1), and a meta-analysis of the existing literature (Study 2).

Methods—Study 1
Hair was collected for cortisol analysis from 168 neonates (55.95% female) shortly after birth. Gestational age at birth and birthweight were abstracted from medical records.

Methods—Study 2
An exhaustive search of four databases was conducted, yielding 155 total studies for screening. Papers reporting neonatal hair cortisol (collection <2 weeks postpartum) and birth outcomes among human neonates were retained for analysis, including Study 1 results (k = 9).

Results—Study 1
Higher neonatal hair cortisol was related to longer gestation (r = 0.28, p < .001) and higher birthweight, r = 0.16, p = .040. Sex did not moderate either association.

Results—Study 2
Across the nine studies, higher neonatal hair cortisol predicted both longer gestation (r = 0.35, p < .001, 95% confidence interval = 0.24–0.45) and higher birthweight (r = 0.18, p = .001, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.28). Neonatal sex did not moderate these associations.

Conclusions
Fetal cortisol exposure in the third trimester plays a role in normative maturation of the fetus, and findings reveal that higher cortisol is associated with positive birth outcomes.
Mediators of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Younger Breast Cancer Survivors: Effects on Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Korecki J Richard T. , Ganz Patricia A. , Partridge Ann H. , Wolff Antonio C. , Petersen Laura , Crespi Catherine M. , Bower Julienne E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Depression is associated with poor outcomes in breast cancer patients, with higher prevalence among younger women. Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated therapeutic effects, the mechanisms of intervention effects are poorly understood. We investigated whether rumination, self-kindness, intrusive thoughts about cancer, cancer-related worry, or a sense of meaning and peace mediated the intervention effects of an MBI, Mindful Awareness Practices (MAPs), on depressive symptoms. Additionally, we explored the same variables as mediators of a psychoeducation program, Survivorship Education (SE).

Methods
Women diagnosed with stage 0–III breast cancer at age <50 years were randomized to 6 weeks of MAPs (n = 85), SE (n = 81), or wait-list control (WLC; n = 81). During preintervention, postintervention, and 6-month follow-up (FU), we assessed depressive symptoms, rumination, self-kindness, intrusive thoughts, worry, and meaning and peace.

Results
MAPs and SE significantly reduced depressive symptoms at postintervention, and reductions remained through 6-month FU for MAPs. Models revealed that reductions in rumination (β = −0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.64 to −0.07) and intrusive thoughts (β = 1.17, 95% CI = −2.17 to −0.37) and improvements in self-kindness (β = −1.09, 95% CI = −2.37 to −0.28) and meaning and peace (β = −1.09, 95% CI = −3.16 to −0.56) mediated MAPs’ effects at all time points. Reductions in worry (β = −1.34, 95% CI = −2.47 to −0.45]) mediated effects at postintervention only. Worry and intrusive thoughts mediated SE effects at postintervention and 6-month FU, respectively.

Conclusions
Findings identified depression-relevant mediators of MAPs’ effects, expanding the understanding of MBI mechanisms. Results highlight pathways that could be leveraged to optimize intervention outcomes.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03025139.
Clinical and Imaging Features of Pulmonary Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Authors: Nie Dong-Lei , Shi Yan-Hong , Li Xin-Min , Wang Xiao-Jiang , Han Bao-Li , Zhang Guo-Fu 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the clinical and radiographic features of PNLH and the relationship with pathologic features.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 11 patients in whom PNLH was confirmed in our department were retrospectively studied. The clinical and radiographic features were extracted and analyzed, and we also discussed the relationship between radiologic and pathologic features.

Results:
Of the 11 patients with PNLH, 5 were discovered incidentally, while 4 presented with chest symptoms. Laboratory tests showed no specificity and the lesions were located under the pleura with an adjacent pleural indentation. Most lesions were solid, with some showing signs of spiculation or spiculate protuberance. In some cases, hypodense areas and vocules were visible. The enhanced scan showed marked enhancement, but most had no lymph node enlargement, and there was no pleural effusion.

Conclusions:
The clinical manifestations of PNLH are nonspecific and the imaging features overlap with those of malignant lung tumors, and the diagnosis depends on pathologic examination.
Assessing Long-Term Postoperative Resorption in Mandibular Block Cortical Grafts for Facial Asymmetry Correction: A Retrospective Investigation
Authors: Pang Wanyu , Chen Kai , Wu Guomin 
Published: August 2024

Objective:
To evaluate the long-term postoperative resorption of the graft mandibular block cortical graft and identify the resorption site following free transplantation into the contralateral mandible.

Methods:
In this study, individuals aged 18 years or older with facial asymmetry deformity who underwent free grafting of the mandibular block cortical graft were included. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) data were collected at predetermined intervals. The degree of graft bone absorption postoperatively was quantitatively evaluated using the equation Absorptivity=(VTn-VT0)/VT0 ×100%. The resorption site was qualitatively assessed through a color-coded distance map.

Results:
Postoperative analysis revealed partial absorption of the transplanted mandibular block cortical graft in the contralateral mandible, predominantly at the lower and posterior mandibular margins. The average decrease of 29.9±6.37% (paired t test, P<0.01).

Conclusion:
The utilization of mandibular block cortical grafts in correcting facial asymmetry results in a low absorption rate and a stable absorption situation, rendering it a safe and effective technique.
Simulation as Proof of Concept to Assess the Feasibility and Address Uncertainties Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in an Adolescent Patient With Viral Hemorrhagic Fever
Authors: Nawathe Pooja , Garland Jennifer , Cuzzolina Jennifer , Salinas Nancy , Dodd Brett , Grein Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

Introduction
While general management guidelines exist for patients with viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF), uncertainty surrounds the extent to which critical care interventions should be provided. There has been significant concern in providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a patient with VHF due to concerns regarding CPR efficiency and the safety of the healthcare team. However, data on CPR feasibility, efficiency, and latent safety threats (LSTs) to the healthcare team in patients with VHF needing CPR are lacking. Our team proactively studied this in the simulation environment as the first step to guiding evidence-based and ethically informed decisions about CPR for these patients.

Methods
We studied CPR metrics, times to critical interventions, and LSTs using systems-focused debriefing in an adolescent patient with VHF who had pulseless electrical activity. This exercise included 3 members inside the patient room in full PPE and special pathogens team members in modified PPE outside the room.

Results
We found that CPR is feasible in full PPE. The chest compression fraction was 72%, with an average manual rate of 129 compressions per minute and an average manual depth of 2.1 inches. We identified multiple LSTs in the debriefing and video analysis.

Conclusions
This simulation study showed that CPR in a patient with VHF is possible in full PPE with a minimum of 3 team members. However, we identified physical and psychological LSTs with the systems-focused debriefing. Therefore, refining roles and responsibilities would be necessary to improve the safety of the healthcare team and improve the quality of CPR.
DXA-Measured Abdominal Adipose Depots and Structural Brain Integrity in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Al-darsani Zeinah , Banack Hailey R. , Ziegler Mallory N. , Rapp Stephen R. , Corrada Maria M. , Odegaard Andrew O. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
This study extends prior research from the MRI substudy of the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS-MRI) linking BMI to reduced brain atrophy and ischemic lesion load by examining DXA-based measurements of total body fat, total abdominal adipose tissue (TAT), abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue, gynoid fat, and overall leg fat.

Methods:
The analytic sample consisted of 61 postmenopausal women (baseline mean age 69.5 [3.6]) enrolled in WHIMS-MRI who had undergone DXA scans. DXA scans were completed at years 0, 3, and 6, and MRI scans were conducted ~8 years after baseline. Adjusted linear regression models were used to analyze the association between adiposity averaged across the 3-time points and volumes of brain regions previously linked to dementia.

Results:
Higher levels of total body fat, TAT, VAT, SAT, gynoid, and overall leg fat were associated with larger hippocampal volume (β 0.02 [95% CI, 0.004-0.04]; 0.11 [0.02-0.21]; 0.26 [0.04-0.47]; 0.18 [0.03-0.33]; 0.18 [0.05-0.30]; 0.07 [0.009-0.12], respectively). No other significant associations were observed.

Conclusion:
Higher levels of adiposity were positively associated with hippocampal volume. Additional research with larger sample sizes is needed to ascertain the significance of this association.