bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionotropic but not metabotropic glutamatergic receptors in the locus coeruleus modulate the hypercapnic ventilatory response in unanaesthetized rats
Authors: Taxini C. L. , Puga C. C. I. , Dias M. B. , Bícego K. C. , Gargaglioni L. H. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimCentral chemoreceptors are important to detect changes of CO2/H+, and the Locus coeruleus (LC) is one of the many putative central chemoreceptor sites. Here, we studied the contribution of LC glutamatergic receptors on ventilatory, cardiovascular and thermal responses to hypercapnia.MethodsTo this end, we determined pulmonary ventilation (VE), body temperatures (Tb), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of male Wistar rats before and after unilateral microinjection of kynurenic acid (KY, an ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, 10 nmol/0.1 μL) or α‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG, a metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, 10 nmol/0.1 μL) into the LC, followed by 60 min of air breathing or hypercapnia exposure (7% CO2).ResultsVentilatory response to hypercapnia was higher in animals treated with KY intra‐LC (1918.7 ± 275.4) compared with the control group (1057.8 ± 213.9, P < 0.01). However, the MCPG treatment within the LC had no effect on the hypercapnia‐induced hyperpnea. The cardiovascular and thermal controls were not affected by hypercapnia or by the injection of KY and MCPG in the LC.ConclusionThese data suggest that glutamate acting on ionotropic, but not metabotropic, receptors in the LC exerts an inhibitory modulation of hypercapnia‐induced hyperpnea.
Expected Returns to Stock Investments by Angel Investors in Groups
Authors: DeGennaro Ramon P. , Dwyer Gerald P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPrevious research calculates realised internal rates of return on angel investments but does not estimate expected returns. We present the first estimates of expected returns on angel investments by applying a consistent statistical framework to a new data set. Our sample spans 1972 to 2007 with 419 exited investments. Our results suggest that expected returns on stock for angel investors in groups are about 70% per year in excess of the riskfree rate. These expected returns have a large variance and are heavily skewed, with many losses and occasional extraordinarily high returns.
Block Premia, Litigation Risk, and Shareholder Protection
Authors: Maux Julien Le , Francoeur Claude 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBlocks of shares are typically traded at a premium for the buyer. The academic literature shows that anticipated private benefits are the main determinant of this premium rather than the projected value of future synergies. The results of this study indicate that a target's litigation risk has a significant impact on the control premium. Acquirers tend to lower block premia significantly in anticipation of potential litigation related to financial disclosure or the target's market value. Legal shareholder protection also plays a significant role in countering shareholder expropriation. Block buyers pay higher premia to acquire targets that operate in protective legal environments.
Deficiency of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mainly responsible for atopic dermatitis‐like pruritic skin inflammation in special diet‐fed hairless mice
Authors: Fujii Masanori , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Tomozawa Junko , Shimazaki Yuki , Ohyanagi Chie , Kawaguchi Naomi , Ohya Susumu , Kohno Shigekatsu , Nabe Takeshi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHairless mice fed a special diet, HR‐AD, develop atopic dermatitis (AD)‐like skin inflammation with skin barrier defects and itch‐related scratching; however, the ingredient(s) causing the dermatitis remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether deficiency of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is involved in HR‐AD‐induced AD. High‐purity PUFAs were given to HR‐AD‐fed mice by dietary supplementation or gavage. Fatty acid levels in the serum and skin were determined by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. In serum from HR‐AD‐fed mice, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n‐6) and α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3), as well as their metabolites, were markedly decreased. When mice were fed HR‐AD supplemented with LA or ALA in an amount equal to that contained in a normal diet, the development of AD‐like symptoms was completely prevented by supplementation with LA but not with ALA. Relatively high dose of ALA slightly alleviated skin barrier defects, but did neither itch‐related scratching nor skin inflammation. On the other hand, gavage administration of LA metabolites, such as γ‐linolenic acid and arachidonic acid (AA), significantly ameliorated established dermatitis without increasing LA in the serum and skin. Moreover, AA‐induced amelioration of dermatitis was not affected by pharmacological blockade of 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX), suggesting no involvement of 5‐LOX‐ or COX‐mediated AA metabolites in the amelioration. In conclusion, our results indicate that deficiency of n‐6 PUFAs is mainly responsible for AD‐like symptoms by HR‐AD feeding. Thus, this model could be useful for studying the pathomechanisms associated with deficiency of n‐6 PUFAs in AD.
Resin infiltration of developmentally hypomineralised enamel
Authors: Crombie Felicity , Manton David , Palamara Joseph , Reynolds Eric 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundMolar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) is a problematic condition with several characteristics for which infiltrant resins could theoretically improve clinical outcomes.AimTo investigate whether caries infiltrant resin can penetrate MIH‐affected enamel.DesignMolar incisor hypomineralisation lesions (n = 21) were infiltrated using either the standard protocol or with the addition of a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation step. Lesions were sectioned and examined microscopically for infiltrant penetration before undergoing Vickers hardness testing. The surfaces of several lesions were also examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsInfiltrant resin could penetrate MIH lesions; however, the pattern was erratic. Two lesions were confined to inner enamel, and no infiltration occurred. On average, the resin penetrated to a depth of 0.67 ± 0.39 mm and 23.1 ± 15.2% of the area of the lesion. Microhardness increased in areas of resin penetration by 1.0 ± 0.7 GPa representing a proportional increase of 2.2 ± 2.5 times. There were no significant differences in results based on either the infiltration protocol or the type of MIH lesion.ConclusionCaries infiltrant resin is capable of penetrating MIH enamel lesions; however, the pattern, extent, and change in hardness produced are currently unpredictable.
Use of dehydrated human amniotic membrane allografts to promote healing in patients with refractory non healing wounds
Authors: Sheikh Emran S , Sheikh Ednan S , Fetterolf Donald E 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNon healing wounds present a significant social and economic burden. Chronic non healing wounds are estimated to affect as many as 1–2% of individuals during their lifetime, and account for billions of dollars of expense annually on both a national and global basis. Our purpose is to describe the use of a novel dehydrated amniotic membrane allograft (EpiFix®; MiMedx Group, Inc., Kennesaw, GA) for the treatment of chronic non healing wounds. We describe the results of EpiFix treatment in four patients who had not achieved wound closure with both conservative and advanced measures, and had been referred for a definitive plastic surgery procedure. Healing was observed in a variety of wounds with one to three applications of the dehydrated amniotic membrane material. The material was well tolerated by patients. Healed wounds did not recur in long‐term follow‐up. Further investigation of the use of dehydrated amniotic membrane in broader application to various types of dermal wounds should be considered.
Novel p53 splicing site mutation in Li‐Fraumeni‐like syndrome with osteosarcoma
Authors: Sakurai Naoto , Iwamoto Shotaro , Miura Yoshihiro , Nakamura Tomoki , Matsumine Akihiko , Nishioka Junji , Nakatani Kaname , Komada Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe describe a 15‐year‐old girl with a novel germline
p53
splice site mutation who developed an osteosarcoma. She received several cycles of chemotherapy with complete resection of the primary tumor without amputation, and has maintained remission for 18 months. Li‐Fraumeni‐like syndrome was suspected based on familial history. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of a novel germline
p53
gene mutation resulting in a G to A transition at position +1 at the donor splice site of intron 6, creating a 6 amino acid insertion. This case provides interesting insight into the phenotype‐genotype correlation in LFL syndrome with a TP53 splicing mutation.
Development Dynamics of Chinese Resource-Based Investment in Peru and Ecuador
Authors: González-Vicente Rubén 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article analyzes the developmental impact of two of the earliest investments made by Chinese companies in South America, the Shougang Corporation's mining activities in Peru and Andes Petroleum’s oil extraction operations in Ecuador. The article draws attention to the importance of contextualizing and disaggregating instances of Chinese resource-based investment in order to adequately grasp the complexity of processes that are contingent to particular regimes of natural resource governance, companies’ backgrounds, and the strength and nature of local reactions, among other factors. It thereby encourages a critical examination of Chinese investment in South America that explores how the characteristics of that investment are reshaped by the long and contested histories of resource extraction in the region, the promotion of and resistance to particular visions of development, the agency of multiply situated and complex actors, and the wider transnational production networks in which resource extraction processes are embedded.
Judging the Judiciary: Understanding Public Confidence in Latin American Courts
Authors: Salzman Ryan , Ramsey Adam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough there is a substantial literature examining public confidence in the judiciary in developed nations, scholars have paid scant attention to analyzing judicial confidence in developing countries. Building on extant work regarding developed nations and introducing original hypotheses in the context of developing nations, this research explains influences on public confidence in Latin American judiciaries by developing a theory that focuses on the potential influences of institutional quality, experiences, and individual attitudes. The hypotheses are empirically tested with the rich individual-level data compiled by the Latin American Public Opinion Project 2006 survey. The results indicate that a variety of factors influence public confidence in Latin American courts; the role of context explains points of consistency and divergence with research on developed nations.
Legislative Coalitions in Presidential Systems: The Case of Uruguay
Authors: Zucco Cesar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe article analyzes executive-legislative relations in Uruguay between 1985 and 2005. It demonstrates that even after controlling for ideological affinity and acknowledging that ideology affects presence in the cabinet, legislators whose factions hold ministerial positions behave in a more progovernment way than their ideology would predict. This result not only shows that coalitions “work” but suggests that they work because the presidents use resources under their control to attract support from legislators. This article presents a systematic analysis of executive-legislative relations in multiparty settings that builds on the finding that nonideologically contiguous coalitions often form to separate the ideological from the strategic determinants of legislative behavior. It also contributes to the literature by presenting a new set of roll call data and, more generally, highlights the risks of attempting to infer ideology directly from legislative behavior in presidential multiparty settings.
Etiology and prognosis of fulminant hepatitis and late‐onset hepatic failure in Japan: Summary of the annual nationwide survey between 2004 and 2009
Authors: Oketani Makoto , Ido Akio , Nakayama Nobuaki , Takikawa Yasuhiro , Naiki Takafumi , Yamagishi Yoshiyuki , Ichida Takafumi , Mochida Satoshi , Onishi Saburo , Tsubouchi Hirohito ,   Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan
Published: February 2013

AimTo summarize the annual nationwide survey on fulminant hepatitis (FH) and late‐onset hepatic failure (LOHF) between 2004 and 2009 in Japan.MethodsThe annual survey was performed in a two‐step questionnaire process to detail the clinical profile and prognosis of patients in special hospitals.ResultsFour hundred and sixty (n = 227 acute type; n = 233 subacute type) patients had FH and 28 patients had LOHF. The mean age of patients with FH and LOHF were 51.1 ± 17.0 and 58.0 ± 14.4 years, respectively. The causes of FH were hepatitis A virus in 3.0%, hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 40.2%, other viruses in 2.0%, autoimmune hepatitis in 8.3%, drug allergy‐induced in 14.6% and indeterminate etiology in 29.6% of patients. HBV reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy was observed in 6.8% of FH patients. The short‐term survival rates of patients without liver transplantation (LT) were 48.7% and 24.2% for the acute and subacute type, respectively, and 13.0% for LOHF. The prognosis was poor in patients with HBV reactivation. The implementation rate for LT in FH patients was equivalent to that in the previous survey. The short‐term survival rates of total patients, including LT patients, were 54.2% and 40.8% for the acute and subacute type, respectively, and 28.6% for LOHF.ConclusionThe demographic features and etiology of FH patients has gradually changed. HBV reactivation due to immunosuppressive therapy is problematic. Despite advances in therapeutic approaches, the prognosis of patients without LT has not improved.
Effect of glycemic control on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontal disease
Authors: Katagiri Sayaka , Nitta Hiroshi , Nagasawa Toshiyuki , Izumi Yuichi , Kanazawa Masao , Matsuo Akira , Chiba Hiroshige , Fukui Michiaki , Nakamura Naoto , Oseko Fumishige , Kanamura Narisato , Inagaki Koji , Noguchi Toshihide , Naruse Keiko , Matsubara Tatsuaki , Miyazaki Shigeru , Miyauchi Takashi , Ando Yuichi , Hanada Nobuhiro , Inoue Shuji 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes mellitus and periodontitis are closely related. A huge number of reports has addressed the effect of periodontal intervention therapy on glycemic control, but no reports have addressed the effect of glycemic intervention therapy on periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of improved glycemic control by glycemic intervention therapy on periodontitis in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 35 patients underwent intervention therapy to improve glycemic control without periodontal treatment. Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and intraoral community periodontal index (CPI) codes of the World health Organization (WHO) were examined at baseline, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention therapy to improve glycemic control.ResultsAfter the improvement of glycemic control, BOP lesions improved, but deep PPD lesions and WHO CPI codes did not improve. Subanalyses showed that effective glycemic control (average HbA1c reduction 1.8%) improved BOP lesions, but did not affect deep PPD lesions and WHO CPI codes. In addition, high BOP lesions at baseline responded more effectively to glycemic intervention. Further analysis of CPI codes in all individual periodontal sites independent of WHO CPI codes in 35 patients showed that only gingival inflammation without a deep periodontal pocket improved after glycemic intervention.ConclusionsEffective glycemic control improves BOP lesions in type 2 diabetic patients with periodontitis through ameliorating inflammation at the gingival sites of periodontal tissue. This trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (no. UMIN000007670).
Pricing Model Performance and the Two‐Pass Cross‐Sectional Regression Methodology
Authors: KAN RAYMOND , ROBOTTI CESARE , SHANKEN JAY 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTOver the years, many asset pricing studies have employed the sample cross‐sectional regression (CSR) R2 as a measure of model performance. We derive the asymptotic distribution of this statistic and develop associated model comparison tests, taking into account the impact of model misspecification on the variability of the CSR estimates. We encounter several examples of large R2 differences that are not statistically significant. A version of the intertemporal capital asset pricing model (CAPM) exhibits the best overall performance, followed by the Fama–French three‐factor model. Interestingly, the performance of prominent consumption CAPMs is sensitive to variations in experimental design.
Pantoea stewartii Causing Stewart's Wilt on Dracaena sanderiana in Korea
Authors: Choi Okhee , Kim Jinwoo 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn April 2010, a severe occurrence of Stewart's wilt on Dracaena sanderiana plants was observed in greenhouses in Seongnam, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, with an incidence of 35‐50%. Being imported plants, little was known about the pathogens associated with D. sanderiana. Symptoms included chlorosis, wilting and leaf blight on the leaf surfaces. Physiological analysis, pathogenicity tests, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the pathogen was the bacterium Pantoea stewartii. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on bacterial wilt caused by P. stewartii on D. sanderiana.
The Deinstitutionalization of Children in Bulgaria – The Role of the EU
Authors: Ivanova Vyara , Bogdanov George 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this article, the role of the EU as a key factor for the development of the deinstitutionalization of children is explored. A series of hypotheses concerning EU funding, policies and politics are addressed with regards to how the EU as a whole has affected the deinstitutionalization of children. The article explains the presence of association between instigation of public interest and civil mobilization and the launch of a nationwide reform – in particular how advocacy both at national and EU level led to the adoption of a national reform strategy in Bulgaria. Further, the association between the availability of an innovative approach to spending the EU funds and the decision generally to reform the system for institutional care for children is presented. The article explains the difference that €107.6 million will make for Bulgaria's abandoned children if the European structural funds are realized with their full potential. On the other hand, it reveals the challenges that the process is facing. A great deal of non‐governmental organization (NGO) experience concerning EU involvement in the process has been generalized and construed in order to achieve the best possible understanding of the whole process, the key players and the fundamental issues.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus opacus Strain M213 Shows a Diverse Catabolic Potential
Authors: Pathak Ashish , Green Stefan J. , Ogram Andrew , Chauhan Ashvini 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Soil-borne Gram-positive bacteria from the genus
Rhodococcus
metabolize a range of aromatic hydrocarbons and also produce a variety of value-added products, such as triacylglycerols and steroids. We report the draft genome sequence of
Rhodococcus opacus
strain M213 (9,193,504 bp with a G+C content of 66.99%), providing a comprehensive understanding of the repertoire of metabolic genes of this strain.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Enterococcus faecium Strain LCT-EF258
Authors: Chang De , Zhu Yuanfang , Fang Xiangqun , Li Tianzhi , Wang Junfeng , Guo Yinghua , Su Longxiang , Liu Yan , Jiang Xuege , Wang Li , Guo Na , Liu Changting 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The space environment has been shown to affect microbes by altering various features, including morphology, growth rate, metabolism, virulence, drug resistance, and gene expression and mutation. Here we present the draft genome sequence of the
Enterococcus faecium
strain LCT-EF258, derived from the
E. faecium
strain CGMCC 1.1736, which was exposed to 17-day space flight.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Humic Substance-Degrading
Paenibacillus
sp. Isolated from the Subarctic Grasslands at Low Temperature
Authors: Park Ha Ju , Kim Dockyu 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

The
Paenibacillus
sp. strain PAMC 26794 was isolated from the tundra grasslands in Alaska for its high ability to degrade humic acids. We sequenced the PAMC 26794 genome to discover the degradative genes for natural humic substances and we propose the degradation pathway(s) of an abundant bacterial group (genus
Paenibacillus
) that inhabits cold environments.
Genome Sequence of Weissella ceti NC36, an Emerging Pathogen of Farmed Rainbow Trout in the United States
Authors: Ladner Jason T. , Welch Timothy J. , Whitehouse Chris A. , Palacios Gustavo F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Novel
Weissella
sp. bacteria have recently been reported to be associated with disease outbreaks in cultured rainbow trout (
Oncorhynchus mykiss
) at commercial farms in China, Brazil, and the United States. Here we present the first genome sequence of this novel
Weissella
species, isolated from the southeastern United States.