bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dentofacial changes from fan-type rapid maxillary expansion vs traditional rapid maxillary expansion in early mixed dentition
Authors: Çörekçi Bayram , Göyenç Yasar B. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between the effects of fan-type rapid (FRME) and rapid maxillary expansion (RME) used with an acrylic bonded expansion appliance on dentofacial structures in early occlusal stages.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective clinical trial. The FRME group had an anterior constricted maxillary width with a normal intermolar width, and the RME group had bilateral constricted maxillary width. The FRME group consisted of 20 patients (mean age, 8.96 ± 1.19 years), and the RME group consisted of 22 patients (mean age, 8.69 ± 0.66 years). Lateral and frontal cephalometric radiographs and dental casts were taken before and after expansion and 3 months after completing treatment for each patient. The data were compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The paired-samples t-test was used to evaluate treatment and retention effects, and the independent samples t-test was used to consider the differences between the two groups.

Results:
The maxilla moved downward and forward in both groups. The nasal cavity and maxillary width were expanded more in the RME group, and there were only a few relapses in this group during the retention period. There was significant labial tipping of the upper incisors in the FRME expansion group. The expansion of intercanine width was similar in both groups, but the expansion of intermolar width was significantly greater in the RME group.

Conclusion:
The null hypothesis was rejected. There was a difference between the effects of FRME and RME used with an acrylic bonded expansion appliance on dentofacial structures in the early occlusal stages.
Test-Retest and Intrarater Reliability of 2-Dimensional Ultrasound Measurements of Distance Between Rectus Abdominis in Women
Authors: Mota Patrícia , Pascoal Augusto Gil , Sancho Fatima , Bø Kari 
Published: February 2013

Study Design Single-group test-retest reliability study. Objectives To evaluate the test-retest intraobserver reliability of 2-dimensional ultrasound measurement of the distance between the rectus abdominis muscles, the interrectus distance (IRD). Background Diastasis recti is defined as the separation of the 2 rectus abdominis muscles, with a reported prevalence of between 30% and 70% in women during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. The condition is difficult to measure, and ultrasound imaging has been suggested as a useful method to quantify the diastasis. However, to date, no studies have investigated intratester or intertester reliability of ultrasound to measure the distance between the rectus abdominis muscles during rest and contraction. Methods Ultrasound images from the rectus abdominis were recorded in 24 healthy female volunteers at rest and under 2 conditions of abdominal contraction: abdominal crunch and drawing-in exercises. The probe was positioned at 2 locations: below and above the umbilicus. A blinded investigator measured the IRD offline from 2 different ultrasound images collected on 2 different days (test-retest). Additionally, reanalyses of the same ultrasound images were done on 2 separate occasions (intra-image). Results Test-retest measurements of IRD demonstrated good to very good reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficient values between 0.74 and 0.90. The only exception was for IRD measured 2 cm below the umbilicus during the abdominal crunch exercise, which had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.50. For intratester reliability of the same images, the intraclass correlation coefficient values were all above 0.90. Conclusion Ultrasound imaging is a reliable method for measuring the IRD at rest and during abdominal crunch and drawing-in exercises. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(11):940–946, Epub 18 July 2012. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.4115
Diagnostic Imaging in a Patient With an Acute Knee Injury
Authors: Sago Carrie E. , Labuda Craig S. 
Published: February 2013

The patient was a 23-year-old man, currently serving in a military airborne operations unit. During a jump training exercise, the patient's right lower extremity became entangled in his parachute equipment upon exiting the aircraft, which caused hyperextension and valgus forces upon his right knee. Due to concern for a fracture, the patient was transported to an emergency department, where conventional radiographs were completed and interpreted by a radiologist as negative for a fracture. Following further physical examination by a physical therapist, magnetic resonance imaging of the right knee was ordered, revealing ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(1):30. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.0402
Abdominal Pain in Physical Therapy Practice: 3 Patient Cases
Authors: Rodeghero Jason R. , Denninger Thomas R. , Ross Michael D. 
Published: February 2013

Study Design Resident's case problem Background Abdominal pain is a common symptom, but not a common diagnosis, of patients referred to physical therapists for examination and intervention. For patients with primary symptoms of abdominal pain, a thorough evaluation must be performed to determine if symptoms are musculoskeletal in nature or of a nonmusculoskeletal origin that would warrant a referral to a different healthcare provider. This report describes the management of 3 adults with primary complaints of abdominal pain who were referred for physical therapy evaluation and treatment. Diagnosis Two of the patients had secondary symptoms of hip and/or low back pain and had previously undergone extensive medical testing for their chronic abdominal pain, without a definitive diagnosis having been determined. A physical therapy evaluation was conducted, and treatment, including manual physical therapy and exercise, was administered to address all relative impairments, once the physical therapist had determined that the patients' symptoms were of musculoskeletal origin. The third patient included in this series was referred to a physical therapist with a diagnosis of greater trochanteric versus iliopsoas bursitis. However, the patient had abdominal pain that was more acute in nature and a history and physical examination findings that were concerning for abdominal pain of nonmusculoskeletal origin. Both patients with abdominal pain of musculo-skeletal origin showed marked improvement in pain and disability after 7 treatment sessions. The third patient was referred to her primary care physician, and ultrasound examination of the abdomen revealed several intrauterine masses that were consistent with uterine fibroids. Following uterine fibroid embolization, the patient was symptom free. Discussion Although not routinely managed by physical therapists, abdominal pain is a relatively common patient symptom that can have several causes, both musculoskeletal and nonmusculoskeletal. This paper emphasizes the importance of physical therapists having the necessary differential diagnostic skills to determine if patients with primary symptoms of abdominal pain require physician referral or physical therapist intervention. Level of Evidence Differential diagnosis, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(2):44–53. Epub 14 January 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4408
Effect of unusual weather on cereal crop production and household food security
Authors: Regmi Hem R. 
Published: February 2013

For the third consecutive year, drought conditions have been severely affecting agricultural production in Nepal and in some cases turning traditionally surplus production areas into deficit ones. In addition to the heavily drought affected Mid- and Far-Western Regions, flood exacerbated by hailstones and
crop diseases in various VDCs caused extensive crop loss. Drought particularly affected the traditionally food surplus areas of the Eastern Terai, particularly Siraha, Saptari and Dhanusha which reported a decline in paddy production of about 30%. A total of 109,855 hectares of paddy land (7.09%) remained fallow in 2006/07 as farmers were unable to plant due to drought. In addition, yields were lower by
almost 6%. Paddy crop production consequently declined by 12.5 % compared to last year. The total food grain shortfall for the year 2006/07 has been calculated at 187,748 Mt assuming favorable weather conditions for the winter crop wheat and barley.

The Journal of AGRICLUTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 20-29
Pesticide residues as environmental contaminants in foods in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Pramod , Khadka Damodar B. , Mishra Arunananda 
Published: February 2013

This paper reviews the occurrence of pesticides in foods in Nepal during 1995-2004. A total of one
thousand and thirty four samples of different food commodities were analyzed for detection of
organochlorines (DDT, BHC) and organophosphorus (malathion, parathion, methyl parathion) pesticides.
Among all samples analysed 12% samples were detected with the residues of pesticides which included Malathion (3.9%), BHC (3.1%), Methyl parathion (2.8%), DDT (1.8%) and Parathion (0.3%). Commodity- wise detection of pesticide residues showed the highest level of contamination in root vegetables (11.9%) followed by leaf vegetables (10.9%). Therefore, there is a threat of pesticide residues in foods
and may endanger to public health. Government efforts to control misuse of pesticides is not sufficient, therefore, the concerned stakeholders have the shared responsibility to solve it. There is a good scope of working with appropriate intervention measures in this area for NGOs, INGOs, academic institution to prevent the pesticide pollution in food.

The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTVol. 8, 2007, pp. 96-100
Environment Friendly Technologies for Increasing Rice Productivity
Authors: Basnet Bhola Man Singh 
Published: February 2013

Rice is one of the most important cereal crops in Nepal. As per the preliminary estimate of f.y.2007/08, the rice crop was grown in 1.55 million hectare producing 4.3 million mt and the productivity was 2.775 t/ha. It contributes nearly 20% to Agricultural Gross Domestic Product and provides more than 50% of the total calories required to the Nepalese people. The UNO also declared 2004, as the "International Year of Rice" with the theme "Rice is Life". There are less possibilities of bringing more lands into production. Therefore, we have to increase the productivity per hectare per day by any means .The promising technologies generated by agriculture research play the pivotal role for increasing rice productivity. Nepal so far has released fifty-six (56) rice varieties with full package of practices within the span of forty-one (41) years. The modern varieties can express their yield potentiality only when recommended packages are practiced. Quality seeds alone can contribute 15-20% yield. Early paddy and Boro (winter) rice can be used for increasing rice yields by utilizing higher intensity of solar radiation. The system of rice intensification (SRI) is the other agronomic manipulation, which can increase rice yield. Resource conservation technologies (RCTs) like dry seed-bed practice, direct seeded rice, zero-till, drought tolerant varieties, use of renewable energy and creating public awareness are to be followed so as to produce rice on environmeny-friendly ways. However, we should not forget the environment-friendly and sustainability issues while increasing the productivity and production. It is said "Grow Paddy with Soil Fertility, Wheat with Fertilizers", and "Healthy Seedlings are responsible at least for half of the yield" also. Worldwide food crisis and skyrocketed prices are the problems caused by climate change too. Key words: Environment-friendly, rice production, technology, integrated crop managementThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008 page: 34-40
Atmospheric Carbon and Food Security in Nepal
Authors: Karki Krishna B. 
Published: February 2013

Release of carbon from soil system is inevitable. It is increased through emission breath by animals, burning of fossils fuel, biomass burning and intensive agriculture. The only question is how to absorb that carbon in the atmosphere and reduce the carbon content of the atmosphere. Increase of CO2 in atmosphere increases the crop yield due to high photosynthesis, but the crops should tolerate increased temperature caused by higher CO2 concentration. Increase of soil organic matter through the addition of organic manure is one of the options that the carbon is retained temporarily, but in the long run because of oxidation and reduction process in soil, carbon will ultimately release to the atmosphere. Absorption of CO2 by the plants is one of the options, which is known as sequestration to mitigate increased carbon in the atmosphere. Key words: Climate change; Carbon sequestration; CO2 in atmosphere and crop yield; etc.The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008 page: 54-61
Climate Change and Its Impact on Nepalese Agriculture
Authors: Malla G. 
Published: February 2013

Exponential growth of CO2 and other greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere is causing climate change. It affects agriculture, forestry, human health, biodiversity, snow coverand aquatic to mountain ecosystems. Changes in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation have potentials to influence crop production. Despite many efforts possible on combating impacts of climate change, there are still difficulties in Nepalese agriculture. With an average of 0.06ºC/yea, a rise in temperature from 1975 to 2006 by 1.8ºC has been recorded in the country. Problem of frequent drought, severe floods, landslides and mixed type of effects in agricultural crops have been experienced in Nepal because of climate change. Study done on CO2 enrichment technology at Khumaltar revealed that the yield of rice and wheat increased by 26.6% and 18.4% due to double CO2, 17.1% and 8.6% due to increase in temperature respectively. A crop simulation model (DSSAT) to study the effects of CO2, temperature and rain in NARC showed positive effect in yield of rice and wheat in all regions, but negative effect in maize especially in Terai. In Nepalese agriculture, the time has come for the authorities to find out adaptive measures to mitigate the effects to reduce untold natural calamities and miseries due to recent erratic weather pattern. Key words: Agricultural crops; GHGs and CO2; Temperature; PrecipitationThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008 page:62-71
Natural Resource and Watershed Management in South Asia: A Comparative Evaluation with Special References to Nepal
Authors: Tiwari Krishna R. , Bajracharya Roshan M. , Sitaula Bishal K. 
Published: February 2013

The paper discusses different approaches of watershed management programs implemented in South Asian countries, with special reference to Nepal based on existing literature and field experiences. Watershed degradation, particularly in mountainous areas, is critical problem in South Asian countries. A participatory approach has been adopted in watershed and natural resource management during the last decade in many developing countries. The participatory community-based watershed management approach in Nepal is viewed from two perspectives. The first, success of conservation of natural resources with formation and strengthening of the local level institutions in rural areas of the country; the second, its multiplier effects in social mobilization, women empowerment, community development and livelihood improvement as well as good governance at local level. In the present context, participatory watershed management must include not only environmental protection but also supporting poor and disadvantaged segments of society in improving their livelihoods. Key words: Bottom-up approach; Empowerment; Participatory approach; Resource management; Top-down approach and watershed degradationThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008 Page: 72-89
Honeybees: The Pollinator Sustaining Crop Diversity
Authors: Shrestha Jagadish Bhakta 
Published: February 2013

Importance of honeybees as prime pollinators for continual maintenence of crop-diversity and need of their conservation for sustainable agriculture is highlighted based on literature review. Somatic, reproductive and adaptive heterosis or hybrid effects that occur in plant progeny as a result of natural cross-pollination by honeybees brings about significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the economic and biological characteristics of crop plants. Honeybees often facilitate genetic enrichment of native plants through crosspollination offering to their varietal development and adaptation in the changing environment. The natural environment is required to provide bees with habitat or nesting sites. Promotion of organic farming and integrated pest management programs are necessitated. Keywords: Eco-system; Honeybees; Pollinators; Cross-pollination; Sustainable agricultureThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun. 2008 Page: 90-92
Inferring ice-flow directions from single ice-sheet surface images using the Radon transform
Authors: Roberts Jason L. , Warner Roland C. , Treverrow Adam 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe present a new method for extracting the direction of surface flow for ice sheets, based on the detection of flow-induced features that are visible in satellite imagery. The orientation of linear features is determined using a Radon transform and only requires a single image. The technique is demonstrated by applying it to the RADARSAT mosaic of Antarctica, over the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf region of East Antarctica. Comparisons with both existing flow-direction fields and traced streamlines over the same area provide an evaluation of the method. We also illustrate its application to Landsat 7 imagery.
Decelerated mass loss of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Navarro Francisco J. , Jonsell Ulf Y. , Corcuera María I. , Martín-Español Alba 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new 10 year surface mass balance (SMB) record of Hurd and Johnsons Glaciers, Livingston Island, Antarctica, is presented and compared with earlier estimates on the basis of local and regional meteorological conditions and trends. Since Johnsons is a tidewater glacier, we also include a calving flux calculation to estimate its total mass balance. The average annual SMB over the 10 year observation period 2002–11 is −0.15 ± 0.10 m w.e. for Hurd Glacier and 0.05 ± 0.10 m w.e. for Johnsons Glacier. Adding the calving losses to the latter results in a total mass balance of −0.09 ± 0.10 m w.e. There has been a deceleration of the mass losses of these glaciers from 1957–2000 to 2002–11, which have nearly halved for both glaciers. We attribute this decrease in the mass losses to a combination of increased accumulation in the region and decreased melt. The increased accumulation is attributed to larger precipitation associated with the recent deepening of the circumpolar pressure trough, while the melt decrease is associated with lower summer surface temperatures during the past decade.
Energy and mass balance of Zhadang glacier surface, central Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Guoshuai , Kang Shichang , Fujita Koji , Huintjes Eva , Xu Jianqing , Yamazaki Takeshi , Haginoya Shigenori , Wei Yang , Scherer Dieter , Schneider Christoph , Yao Tandong 
Published: February 2013

AbstractClimate variables that control the annual cycle of the surface energy and mass balance on Zhadang glacier in the central Tibetan Plateau were examined over a 2 year period using a physically based energy-balance model forced by routine meteorological data. The modelled results agree with measured values of albedo, incoming longwave radiation, surface temperature and surface level of the glacier. For the whole observation period, the radiation component dominated (82%) the total surface energy heat fluxes. This was followed by turbulent sensible (10%) and latent heat (6%) fluxes. Subsurface heat flux represented a very minor proportion (2%) of the total heat flux. The sensitivity of specific mass balance was examined by perturbations of temperature (±1 K), relative humidity (±20%) and precipitation (±20%). The results indicate that the specific mass balance is more sensitive to changes in precipitation than to other variables. The main seasonal variations in the energy balance were in the two radiation components (net shortwave radiation and net longwave radiation) and these controlled whether surface melting occurred. A dramatic difference in summer mass balance between 2010 and 2011 indicates that the glacier surface mass balance was closely related to precipitation seasonality and form (proportion of snowfall and rainfall).
La vie des organisations
Authors: Thayer Lee 
Published: February 2013

Cet essai propose une réflexion sur les finalités de la communication et de l’organisation. Rappelant les liens étroits qui rendent ces dernières indissociables, l’auteur soutient que l’organisation doit être considérée comme un moyen au service de fins humanistes et non comme une fin en soi. Il explore ensuite les changements qu’implique cette perspective sur nos façons de concevoir certains processus organisationnels, la communication et l’activité de théorisation elle-même. Pour obtenir des systèmes de communication/organisation qui contribuent à l’épanouissement des êtres humains, l’auteur propose une conception triadique de la communication qui, en plus de faire appel à des partenaires dotés de « compétences de communication », fait intervenir une vision de l’idéal qu’ils choisissent de poursuivre.
La responsabilité sociale des universités à l’heure du savoir comme marchandise
Authors: Granget Lucia 
Published: February 2013

La complexité de l’environnement et l’imprévisibilité des changements ont placé l’université au cœur des préoccupations mondiales. Le savoir comme bien public planétaire ou comme marchandise, tel semble être l’enjeu. Dans ce contexte et contre toute attente, alors que les universités se sont engagées à développer fortement des actions de communication avec une démarche marketing déstabilisante pour leur identité, les entreprises ont opté pour un discours dont la thématique centrale est la responsabilité sociale. Alors que les universités conçoivent de plus en plus leur fréquentation comme une finalité et non comme une conséquence de leurs actions, les entreprises s’interrogent sur la « durabilité » de leur rentabilité économique. C’est au sein de ces diverses conceptions et de ces perceptions qu’est abordé dans cet article le débat thématique de la responsabilité sociale à l’heure où la communication marketing est sollicitée pour « éduquer » sur ce concept mais aussi pour « vendre » les universités. Pourtant, les méthodes et les arguments employés semblent plutôt agir en compensation d’un taux croissant de frustrations.