bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Rossiter–McLaughlin Effect of the Transiting Exoplanet XO-4b
Authors: Narita Norio , Hirano Teruyuki , Sanchis-Ojeda Roberto , Winn Joshua N. , Holman Matthew J. , Sato Bun’ei , Aoki Wako , Tamura Motohide 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We report photometric and radial velocity observations of the XO-4 transiting planetary system, conducted with the FLWO 1.2 m telescope and the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope. Based on the new light curves, the refined transit ephemeris of XO-4b is $P$$=$ 4.1250828$\ \pm\ $0.0000040 d and $T_{\rm c}$ [BJD$_{\rm TDB}$] $=$ 2454485.93323$\ \pm\ $0.00039. We measured the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect of XO-4b and estimated the sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis to be $\lambda$$=$$-$46$^\circ\!\!\!.$7$\ ^{{+8^\circ\!\!\!.1}}_{{-6^\circ\!\!\!.1}}$. This measurement of $\lambda$ is less robust than in some other cases because the impact parameter of the transit is small, causing a strong degeneracy between $\lambda$ and the projected stellar rotational velocity. Nevertheless, our finding of a spin–orbit misalignment suggests that the migration process for XO-4b involved few-body dynamics rather than interaction with a gaseous disk. In addition, our result conforms with the pattern reported by Winn et al. (2010, ApJ, 718, L145) that high obliquities are preferentially found for stars with effective temperatures hotter than 6250 K.
MOIRCS Deep Survey. IX. Deep Near-Infrared Imaging Data and Source Catalog
Authors: Kajisawa Masaru , Ichikawa Takashi , Tanaka Ichi , Yamada Toru , Akiyama Masayuki , Suzuki Ryuji , Tokoku Chihiro , Uchimoto Yuka Katsuno , Konishi Masahiro , Yoshikawa Tomohiro , Nishimura Tetsuo , Omata Koji , Ouchi Masami , Iwata Ikuru , Hamana Takashi , Onodera Masato 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present deep $J$-, $H$-, and $K_{\rm s}$-band imaging data of the MOIRCS Deep Survey (MODS), which was carried out with the Multi-Object Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (MOIRCS) mounted on the Subaru Telescope in the GOODS-North region. The data reach 5$\ \sigma$ total limiting magnitudes for point sources of $J$$=$ 23.9, $H$$=$ 22.8, and $K_{\rm s}$$=$ 22.8 (Vega magnitude) over 103 arcmin$^{2}$ (wide field). In 28 arcmin$^{2}$ of the survey area, which is an ultra-deep field of the MODS (deep field), the data reach 5$\ \sigma$ depths of $J$$=$ 24.8, $H$$=$ 23.4, and $K_{\rm s}$$=$ 23.8. The spatial resolutions of the combined images are FWHM $\sim\ $0$''\!\!\!.$6 and $\sim\ $0$''\!\!\!.$5 for the wide and deep fields in all bands, respectively. Combining the MODS data with the multi-wavelength public data taken with the HST, Spitzer, and other ground-based telescopes in the GOODS field, we constructed a multi-wavelength photometric catalog of $K_{\rm s}$-selected sources. Using the catalog, we present $K_{\rm s}$-band number counts and near-infrared color distribution of the detected objects; we also demonstrate some selection techniques with the NIR colors for high redshift galaxies. These data and catalog are publicly available via Internet.
Outflow in Overlooked Luminous Quasar: Subaru Observations of AKARI J1757$+$5907
Authors: Aoki Kentaro , Oyabu Shinki , Dunn Jay P. , Arav Nahum , Edmonds Doug , Korista Kirk T. , Matsuhara Hideo , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present Subaru observations of the newly discovered luminous quasar AKARI J1757$+$5907, which shows an absorption outflow in its spectrum. The absorption consists of 9 distinct troughs, and our analysis focuses on the troughs at $\sim-$1000 km s$^{-1}$ for which we could measure accurate column densities of He I$^*$, Fe II, and Mg II. We used photoionization models to constrain the ionization parameter, total hydrogen column density, and number density of the outflowing gas. These constraints yielded lower limits for the distance, mass-flow rate, and kinetic luminosity for outflows of 3.7 kpc, 70 $M_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, and 2.0 $\times$10$^{43}$ erg s$^{-1}$, respectively. Such a mass-flow rate value can contribute significantly to metal enrichment of the intra-cluster medium. We found that this moderate velocity outflow is similar to those recently discovered in massive post-starburst galaxies. Finally, we describe the scientific potential of future observations targeting this object.
An alternative numerical method for the stationary pulsar magnetosphere
Authors: Takamori Yohsuke , Okawa Hirotada , Takamoto Makoto , Suwa Yudai 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Stationary pulsar magnetospheres in the force-free system are governed by the pulsar equation. In 1999, Contopoulos, Kazanas, and Fendt (hereafter CKF) numerically solved the pulsar equation and obtained a pulsar magnetosphere model called the CKF solution that has both closed and open magnetic field lines. The CKF solution is a successful solution, but it contains a poloidal current sheet that flows along the last open field line. This current sheet is artificially added to make the current system closed. In this paper, we suggest an alternative method to solve the pulsar equation and construct pulsar magnetosphere models without a current sheet. In our method, the pulsar equation is decomposed into Ampère's law and the force-free condition. We numerically solve these equations simultaneously with a fixed poloidal current. As a result, we obtain a pulsar magnetosphere model without a current sheet, which is similar to the CKF solution near the neutron star and has a jet-like structure at a distance along the pole. In addition, we discuss physical properties of the model and find that the force-free condition breaks down in a vicinity of the light cylinder due to dissipation that is included implicitly in the numerical method.
Agricultural Decisions after Relaxing Credit and Risk Constraints *
Authors: Karlan Dean , Osei Robert , Osei-Akoto Isaac , Udry Christopher 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe investment decisions of small-scale farmers in developing countries are conditioned by their financial environment. Binding credit market constraints and incomplete insurance can limit investment in activities with high expected profits. We conducted several experiments in northern Ghana in which farmers were randomly assigned to receive cash grants, grants of or opportunities to purchase rainfall index insurance, or a combination of the two. Demand for index insurance is strong, and insurance leads to significantly larger agricultural investment and riskier production choices in agriculture. The binding constraint to farmer investment is uninsured risk: when provided with insurance against the primary catastrophic risk they face, farmers are able to find resources to increase expenditure on their farms. Demand for insurance in subsequent years is strongly increasing with the farmer’s own receipt of insurance payouts, with the receipt of payouts by others in the farmer’s social network and with recent poor rain in the village. Both investment patterns and the demand for index insurance are consistent with the presence of important basis risk associated with the index insurance, imperfect trust that promised payouts will be delivered and overweighting recent events.
Setting Up a Patient Care Call Center After Potential HCV Exposure
Authors: Friedman Candace , Bucholz Brigette , Anderson Susan G. , Dwyer Shon A. , Aguirre Josephine 
Published: February 2014

Objectives
Notify patients of a potential exposure to hepatitis C virus, coordinate testing, and provide follow-up counseling.

Methods
A team was convened to identify various needs in developing a patient care call center. The areas addressed included the following: location, hours, and duration; telephone accessibility; tracking calls and test results; billing; staffing; notification; and potential issues requiring additional evaluation.

Results
Disclosure letters were sent to 1275 patients; 57 letters were not deliverable. There were 245 calls to the helpline from October 25 through November 15. Lessons learned centered on hours of availability, staffing, use of an automated phone system and email communication, tracking results, and billing issues.

Conclusions
A successful patient notification and follow-up effort requires a multidisciplinary team, internal and external communication, collection of data over an extended period, and coordination of patient information.
Novel nonsense GNAS mutation in a 14‐month‐old boy with plate‐like osteoma cutis and medulloblastoma
Authors: Huh Ji Young , Kwon Min‐Jung , Seo Kyu Young , Kim Moon Kyu , Chae Kyu Young , Kim Se Hoon , Ki Chang‐Seok , Yoon Moon Soo , Kim Dong Hyun 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPlate‐like osteoma cutis (PLOC) is a dermatological disorder characterized by superficial ossification and rarely occurs without any underlying tissue abnormalities or pre‐existing calcification. The hereditary form of PLOC is mainly due to inactivating mutation in the GNAS gene. Inactivating mutation of the GNAS gene is associated with several diseases, which commonly manifest heterotopic ossification and hormonal resistance; however, the development of malignant neoplasm has never been reported. Herein, we report a case of a patient with a novel nonsense mutation in the GNAS gene, who presented with concurrent PLOC and medulloblastoma.
Decreased copper and zinc in sera of Chinese vitiligo patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zeng Qinghai , Yin Jun , Fan Fan , Chen Jing , Zuo Chengxin , Xiang Yaping , Tan Lina , Huang Jinhua , Xiao Rong 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAbnormalities of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are involved in the etiology and pathogenesis of vitiligo. However, controversial results exist now on Cu and Zn in serum of vitiligo patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the serum levels of Cu and Zn between vitiligo patients and healthy controls. In the meta‐analysis, 16 studies with a total of 891 vitiligo cases and 1682 healthy controls were included. The levels of serum Cu and Zn were compared between groups of case and control. The serum levels of Cu were significantly lower in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls (Z = 4.04, P < 0.0001; standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.34 to −0.47). The levels of serum Zn were also significantly lower in vitiligo patients than in healthy controls (Z = 4.88, P < 0.00001; SMD, −1.09; 95% CI, −1.51 to −0.64). These results demonstrate that decreased levels of serum Cu and Zn are generally present in Chinese vitiligo patients. This may offer support for clinical administration of oral Cu and Zn supplements.
Molecular evolution of VP3, VP1, 3Cpro and 3Dpol coding regions in coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant isolates from acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in 2011 in Okinawa, Japan
Authors: Nidaira Minoru , Kuba Yumani , Saitoh Mika , Taira Katsuya , Maeshiro Noriyuki , Mahoe Yoko , Kyan Hisako , Takara Taketoshi , Okano Sho , Kudaka Jun , Yoshida Hiromu , Oishi Kazunori , Kimura Hirokazu 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA large acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreak occurred in 2011 in Okinawa Prefecture in Japan. Ten strains of coxsackievirus group A type 24 variant (CA24v) were isolated from patients with AHC and full sequence analysis of the VP3, VP1, 3Cpro and 3Dpol coding regions performed. To assess time‐scale evolution, phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method. In addition, similarity plots were constructed and pairwise distance (p‐distance) and positive pressure analyses performed. A phylogenetic tree based on the VP1 coding region showed that the present strains belong to genotype 4 (G4). In addition, the present strains could have divided in about 2010 from the same lineages detected in other countries such as China, India and Australia. The mean rates of molecular evolution of four coding regions were estimated at about 6.15 to 7.86 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. Similarity plot analyses suggested that nucleotide similarities between the present strains and a prototype strain (EH24/70 strain) were 0.77–0.94. The p‐distance of the present strains was relatively short (<0.01). Only one positive selected site (L25H) was identified in the VP1 protein. These findings suggest that the present CA24v strains causing AHC are genetically related to other AHC strains with rapid evolution and emerged in around 2010.
The significance of the Dewar valence photoisomer as a UV radiation‐induced DNA photoproduct in marine microbial communities
Authors: Meador Jarah A. , Baldwin Amy J. , Pakulski J. Dean , Jeffrey Wade H. , Mitchell David L. , Douki Thierry 
Published: February 2014

SummaryInduction of pyrimidine dimers in DNA by solar UV radiation has drastic effects on microorganisms. To better define the nature of these DNA photoproducts in marine bacterioplankton and eukaryotes, a study was performed during a cruise along a latitudinal transect in the Pacific Ocean. The frequency of all possible cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine (6‐4) pyrimidone photoproducts (64PPs) and their related Dewar valence isomers (DEWs) was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Studied samples were bacterioplankton and eukaryotic fractions isolated from sea water either collected before sunrise or exposed to ambient sunlight from sunrise to sunset. Isolated DNA dosimeters were also exposed to daily sunlight for comparison purposes. A first major result was the observation in all samples of large amounts of DEWs, a class of photoproducts rarely considered outside photochemical studies. Evidence was obtained for a major role of UVA in the formation of these photoisomerization products of 64PPs. Considerations on the ratio between the different classes of photoproducts in basal and induced DNA damage suggests that photoenzymatic repair (PER) is an important DNA repair mechanism used by marine microorganisms occupying surface seawater in the open ocean. This result emphasizes the biological role of DEWs which are very poor substrate for PER.
Dimensions of the endometrial cavity and intrauterine device expulsion or removal for displacement: a nested case–control study
Authors: Liang H , Li L , Yuan W , Zou Y , Gao E‐S , Duffy JMN , Wu S‐C 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the dimensions of the uterine cavity in relation to the expulsion, or removal for displacement, of intrauterine devices (IUDs) MLCu375 and TCu380A.DesignA case–control study nested in a multicentre clinical trial.SettingEighteen family planning clinics in China.PopulationForty‐eight pairs of TCu380A users and 118 pairs of MLCu375 users.MethodsThe women were classified as cases if IUD expulsion or displacement occurred during the first year of follow‐up after insertion. One control was randomly selected for each case matched by IUD model, centre, age, service provider for insertion, and date of insertion. Axial length of the uterine cavity (LUC) and the largest transverse diameter of the coronal section of the uterine cavity (LTD) were measured using abdominal ultrasound. We used multivariate conditional logistic regressions to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of expulsions or displacements among women with different sizes of uterine cavity according to the quartile of LUC and LTD, respectively.ResultsAmong MLCu375 users, women with LTD ≥ 27 mm had a higher risk of expulsion or displacement (aOR 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 1.02–5.63), after adjusting for the volume of menstrual flow, dysmenorrhoea, parity, uterine position, MLCu375 type, and LUC. Among TCu380A users, the association between LTD ≥ 37 mm and expulsion or displacement (aOR 4.98; 95% CI 1.01–22.49) was statistically significant, after adjusting for LUC and potential confounding factors.ConclusionOur study suggests that LTD should be considered when making the decision of which IUD model to use.
Crystallization in Lactose Refining—A Review
Authors: Wong Shin Yee , Hartel Richard W. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn the dairy industry, crystallization is an important separation process used in the refining of lactose from whey solutions. In the refining operation, lactose crystals are separated from the whey solution through nucleation, growth, and/or aggregation. The rate of crystallization is determined by the combined effect of crystallizer design, processing parameters, and impurities on the kinetics of the process. This review summarizes studies on lactose crystallization, including the mechanism, theory of crystallization, and the impact of various factors affecting the crystallization kinetics. In addition, an overview of the industrial crystallization operation highlights the problems faced by the lactose manufacturer. The approaches that are beneficial to the lactose manufacturer for process optimization or improvement are summarized in this review. Over the years, much knowledge has been acquired through extensive research. However, the industrial crystallization process is still far from optimized. Therefore, future effort should focus on transferring the new knowledge and technology to the dairy industry.
FTY720 enhances chemosensitivity of colon cancer cells to doxorubicin and etoposide via the modulation of P‐glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1
Authors: Xing Ying , Wang Zhi Hong , Ma Dong Hong , Han Ying 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of FTY720 on inducing cell growth inhibition and enhancing the cytotoxicity of anti‐cancer drugs in the human colon cancer cell line HCT‐8 and its multidrug‐resistant cell line HCT‐8/5‐fluorouracil (HCT‐8/5‐Fu).MethodsCell viability and apoptosis after being treated with FTY720 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DOX) and etoposide (VP16) were tested in HCT‐8 and HCT‐8/5‐Fu cells. The changes in P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) were determined at the mRNA and functional levels.ResultsFTY720 showed anti‐proliferative activity against cancer cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner and could enhance the cytotoxicity of DOX and VP16 in both HCT‐8 and HCT‐8/5‐Fu cell lines. In addition, treatment with FTY720 resulted in the promotion of VP16‐induced cell apoptosis and an increased accumulation of intracellular DOX and two specific fluorescent substrates of P‐gp and MRP1 through the inhibition of efflux and the suppression of gene expression.ConclusionFTY720 exerts its chemosensitization effect in HCT‐8 and HCT‐8/5‐Fu cell lines by promoting cell apoptosis and inhibiting P‐gp and MRP1, which could be applied as a potential co‐adjuvant therapeutic modality.
Pattern of subcutaneous fat during follow‐up of a cohort of North Indian children with Kawasaki disease: a preliminary study
Authors: Suthar Renu , Singh Surjit , Bhalla Anil Kumar , Attri Savita Verma 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAimKawasaki disease (KD) has been associated with abnormal lipid profiles. The latter, in turn, have been linked to changes in subcutaneous fat. In this comparative cross‐sectional study we have quantified distribution of subcutaneous fat during follow‐up of a cohort of North Indian children with KD.MethodWe compared 35 KD children (at least 2 years after disease) and 33 healthy controls. Study parameters included weight, height and skinfold thickness (SFT) over biceps, triceps, midaxillary, subscapular, medial calf and suprailiac areas. Waist and hip circumferences were also recorded. All parameters were measured four times at 6‐monthly intervals using standardized techniques. Serum lipids were assayed in the study group.ResultsStudy children were enrolled 3.7 ± 2.5 years after KD and mean age at enrolment was 8.26 ± 3.65 years. Suprailiac SFT measured higher in boys with KD (P ≤ 0.05). Biceps SFT was higher in the study group, but the difference was not significant. Other SFT were not affected. Waist and hip circumference was higher in the study group than controls (P ≤ 0.05). Waist/hip circumference ratio was not affected. Serum low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) and triglycerides were higher in the study group as compared to historical controls (95.60 ± 36.12 and 129.40 ± 64.62 mg/dL vs. 80.10 ± 2.20 and 91.1 ± 29.85; P ≤ 0.05). Total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels remained unaffected.ConclusionChildren with KD (especially boys) had increased subcutaneous fat deposition in the suprailiac region and waist, during follow‐up. Serum LDL‐C and triglycerides were elevated. KD children may have a tendency to develop central obesity. Further studies, with longer follow‐up, would be necessary to show whether this has implications for development of coronary artery disease later in life.
A prospective study of anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy in South African rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Pettipher Clive , Rudolph Riana , Musenge Eustasius , Tikly Mohammed 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify primary and secondary anti‐tumour necrosis factor inadequate response (aTNF‐IR) and intolerance in South Africans with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over 1 year.MethodsRheumatologists from nine independent private practices monitored RA patients commencing on aTNF therapy (incident cases) or already on aTNF therapy (prevalent cases). Observations at baseline and quarterly intervals recorded discontinuation of therapy for either lack of response or adverse effects.ResultsOf the 98 patients screened, 86 were eligible to participate. Mean time from onset of symptoms of RA to start of aTNF treatment was 9.7 years (range: 0.5–32 years). Only 58 (67.4%) continued on aTNF therapy at 12 months, including five judged to have an aTNF‐IR. Overall 12 patients had a secondary aTNF‐IR with seven discontinuing for this reason. Seven patients discontinued due to adverse events, four due to funding problems and 10 were lost to follow‐up. Infections were the most common adverse events, but only two stopped treatment as a result. No cases of active tuberculosis (TB) were recorded, despite nine patients having a positive tuberculin skin test and one, a past history of pulmonary TB.ConclusionsAlmost a third of patients discontinued aTNF therapy over the 1‐year period, with infections and inadequate response to treatment being the main reasons for discontinuation. The study highlights the need for biologics with alternative modes of action for patients with moderate to severe RA in South Africa.
The contribution of visceral fat to improved insulin signaling in Ames dwarf mice
Authors: Menon Vinal , Zhi Xu , Hossain Tanvir , Bartke Andrzej , Spong Adam , Gesing Adam , Masternak Michal M. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryAmes dwarf (Prop1df, df/df) mice are characterized by growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and thyrotropin deficiency, remarkable extension of longevity and increased insulin sensitivity with low levels of fasting insulin and glucose. Plasma levels of anti‐inflammatory adiponectin are increased in df/df mice, while pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 is decreased in plasma and epididymal fat. This represents an important shift in the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory adipokines in adipose tissue, which was not exposed to GH signals during development or adult life. To determine the role of adipose tissue in the control of insulin signaling in these long‐living mutants, we examined the effects of surgical removal of visceral (epididymal and perinephric) adipose tissue. Comparison of the results obtained in df/df mice and their normal (N) siblings indicated different effects of visceral fat removal (VFR) on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. The analysis of the expression of genes related to insulin signaling indicated that VFR improved insulin action in skeletal muscle in N mice. Interestingly, this surgical intervention did not improve insulin signaling in df/df mice skeletal muscle but caused suppression of the signal in subcutaneous fat. We conclude that altered profile of adipokines secreted by visceral fat of Ames dwarf mice may act as a key contributor to increased insulin sensitivity and extended longevity of these animals.