bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with total laryngectomy following organ‐preserving treatment of laryngeal SCC
Authors: Victor Mitchell T. , Faraji Farhoud , Voora Rohith , Kalavacherla Sandhya , Mell Loren K. , Rose Brent S. , Guo Theresa W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjective(s)A subset of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients undergoing larynx preserving treatment ultimately require total laryngectomy (TL) for oncologic or functional reasons. This study aims to identify TL risk factors in these patients.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using Veterans Affairs (VA) database. T1–T4 LSCC cases treated with primary radiotherapy (XRT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were assessed for TL and recurrence. Binary logistic and Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analyses were implemented.ResultsOf 5390 cases, 863 (16.0%) underwent TL. On multivariable analysis, age (adjusted odds ratio: 0.97 [0.96–0.98]; p < .001) and N3 disease (0.42 [0.18–1.00]; p = .050) were associated with reduced risk of TL, whereas current alcohol use (1.22 [1.04–1.43]; p = .015) and >T1 disease (T2, 1.76 [1.44–2.17]; p < .001; T3, 2.06 [1.58–2.68]; p < .001; T4, 1.79 [1.26–2.53]; p = .001) were associated with increased risk of TL. However, N2 (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.30 [1.10–1.55]; p = .003) and N3 (2.02 [1.25–3.26]; p = .004) disease were associated with an increased risk for local recurrence. Compared to XRT, treatment with CRT was associated with reduced risk for local recurrence after adjusting for other factors (0.84 [0.70–0.99]; p = .044). Those who do not receive TL following local recurrence have poorer disease‐specific survival (log‐rank, p < .001). In patients without local recurrence, N2 disease was associated with a fourfold increase in risk of TL (4.24 [1.83–9.82]; p < .001).ConclusionAdvanced nodal stage was associated with reduced rates of salvage TL in the setting of local recurrence, and subsequent worse prognosis after recurrence. Conversely, advanced nodal stage may increase the risk for functional salvage TL in patients without recurrence.Level of EvidenceLevel 3.
Multi‐Concentric Generalized Perfect Vortex Beams by Hybrid Phase Metasurfaces
Authors: Shen Chongyang , Li Qingyuan , Li Jianyao , Tao Wei , Deng Xiaoxu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetasurface‐based vortex beams are expected to overcome the current communication challenges of massive data and limited bandwidth by their theoretical infinite and mutually orthogonal states. However, limited by the spatial extension of array vortices, only finite orbital angular momentum (OAM) eigenstates are available, of which the expansion will boost the bandwidth toward an inexhaustible stage. In this manuscript, multi‐concentric generalized perfect vortex beams (G‐PVBs) are experimentally generated by the fabricated hybrid phase metasurfaces integrating generalized focusing phases and circular domain function into vortex phases. Diverse vortex shapes and helical lobes within beam patterns and spiral interferograms are both arranged in a non‐overlapping concentric manner instead of spatial arrays, respectively, breaking the limitation of symmetric shape while avoiding inter‐modal cross‐talk. The vortex shape, topological charge and vortex number are decoupled mutually in orthogonal polarization states, realizing both space and polarization multiplexing. Furthermore, shaped into anomalous profiles with asymmetric states of polarization, multi‐concentric vector G‐PVBs are experimentally generated to transmit parallelly stable order information with high robustness in turbulence environments. The proposed multi‐concentric G‐PVBs simultaneously expanded the novel vortex dimension by anomalous shapes and information channels of multi‐concentric OAM modes, providing potential application in high‐capacity vortex optical communication and information encryption.
Deep learning‐based dose prediction for magnetic resonance‐guided prostate radiotherapy
Authors: Fransson Samuel , Strand Robin , Tilly David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundDaily adaptive radiotherapy, as performed with the Elekta Unity MR‐Linac, requires choosing between different adaptation methods, namely ATP (Adapt to Position) and ATS (Adapt to Shape), where the latter requires daily re‐contouring to obtain a dose plan tailored to the daily anatomy. These steps are inherently resource‐intensive, and quickly predicting the dose distribution and the dosimetric evaluation criteria while the patient is on the table could facilitate a fast selection of adaptation method and decrease the treatment times.PurposeIn this work, we aimed to develop a deep‐learning‐based dose‐prediction pipeline for prostate MR‐Linac treatments.MethodsTwo hundred twelve MR‐images, structure sets, and dose distributions from 35 prostate patients treated with 6.1 Gy for 7 or 6 fractions at our MR‐Linac were included, split into train/test partitions of 152/60 images, respectively. A deep‐learning segmentation network was trained to segment the CTV (prostate), bladder, and rectum. A second network was trained to predict the dose distribution based on manually delineated structures. At inference, the predicted segmentations acted as input to the dose prediction network, and the predicted dose was compared to the true (optimized in the treatment planning system) dose distribution.ResultsMedian DSC values from the segmentation network were 0.90/0.94/0.87 for CTV/bladder/rectum. Predicted segmentations as input to the dose prediction resulted in mean differences between predicted and true doses of 0.7%/0.7%/1.7% (relative to the prescription dose) for D98%/D95%/D2% for the CTV. For the bladder, the difference was 0.7%/0.3% for Dmean/D2% and for the rectum 0.1/0.2/0.2 pp (percentage points) for V33Gy/V38Gy/V41Gy. In comparison, true segmentations as input resulted in differences of 1.1%/0.9%/1.6% for CTV, 0.5%/0.4% for bladder, and 0.7/0.4/0.3 pp for the rectum. Only D2% for CTV and Dmean/D2% for bladder were found to be statistically significantly better when using true structures instead of predicted structures as input to the dose prediction.ConclusionsSmall differences in the fulfillment of clinical dose‐volume constraints are seen between utilizing deep‐learning predicted structures as input to a dose prediction network and manual structures. Overall mean differences <2% indicate that the dose‐prediction pipeline is useful as a decision support tool where differences are >2%.
Determining a time‐varying potential in time‐fractional diffusion from observation at a single point
Authors: Cen Siyu , Shin Kwancheol , Zhou Zhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe discuss the identification of a time‐dependent potential in a time‐fractional diffusion model from a boundary measurement taken at a single point. Theoretically, we establish a conditional Lipschitz stability for this inverse problem. Numerically, we develop an easily implementable iterative algorithm to recover the unknown coefficient, and also derive rigorous error bounds for the discrete reconstruction. These results are attained by leveraging the (discrete) solution theory of direct problems, and applying error estimates that are optimal with respect to problem data regularity. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.
Decolonisation beyond Independence: Reflections from the Papua New Guinea Experience — An Afterword
Authors: Martin Keir 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDiscussions of colonialism and decolonialism often take as a starting point an assumption that these processes can be defined in particular ways and consequently morally evaluated. Whilst defining terms can act as a theoretical or political simplification that is indispensable for certain kinds of discussion, it is important to remember that to evoke ‘colonialism’ is to make a claim about and on social relations and obligations. The papers in this collection draw our attention to the ways in which ‘colonialism’ was never a simply defined bilateral relationship between an easily defined coloniser and an equally easily defined colonised. The experience of PNG around the time of political independence instead draws our attention to the multiplicity of ways in which particular relations were described as or denied as being ‘colonial’. This historical re‐examination acts as a useful nuance to contemporary discussions of decolonisation that potentially paradoxically reinscribe old colonial binaries.
Patient perspectives on incretin‐based weight loss medications and relationship with demographic factors
Authors: McVay Megan A. , Moore Wendy S. , Wilkins Francesca L. , Jackson Jalen R. , Robinson Michael D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTreatment of obesity has been transformed by the recent approval of incretin‐based therapies for weight loss (e.g., glucagon‐like peptide 1 agonist semaglutide), but little is known about patient perspectives on these medications.MethodsBetween December 2023 and March 2024, healthcare patients from an academic medical center in the Southeast United States with Body Mass Index ≥30 kg/m2 completed a cross‐sectional online survey on attitudes toward incretin‐based medications.ResultsCompared to patients with a bachelor's degree, those without a degree were less likely to be aware of incretin‐based pharmacotherapies (96% vs. 78%) and to have discussed pharmacotherapies with a doctor (43% vs. 27%) but had greater interest in using these pharmacotherapies (4.3 vs. 4.7). These pharmacotherapy‐related variables did not differ significantly according to gender, race, or financial security. Concerns about side effects, long‐term health risks, and potential for weight regain were highly endorsed and were associated with lower interest in using incretin‐based therapies and with some demographic factors. Patients reported high interest in lifestyle programs designed for individuals taking anti‐obesity medications.ConclusionDemographic considerations, notably education level, should be factored into the strategy to promote equitable utilization of incretin‐based therapies, particularly as their accessibility expands.
Electrospinning of porous polyvinylidene fluoride microspheres alloyed fibrous membrane with enlarged strain for efficient piezoelectric energy harvesting
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Shao Zhuzhu , Liu Jintao , Liu Xingang , Zhang Chuhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPiezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) developed from electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers offer flexibility and superior piezoelectric output, making them promising for self‐powered systems and sensors. Nonetheless, the electromechanical conversion efficiency of conventional electrospun PVDF fibers is impeded by their limited pressure‐strain range. Herein, elastic porous PVDF microspheres are introduced in‐situ via electrospinning to craft a piezoelectric membrane with higher compressive strain. The PVDF microspheres are uniformly embedded between the fibers in a sandwich fashion, and their dimension is easily tunable by varying spinning solution's concentration. Moreover, the micropores on the PVDF microspheres created by removing pre‐mixed SiO2 template not only elevates the β crystal content of PVDF to 82.19%, but also improves the compressibility, significantly boosting the piezoelectric output. The microsphere alloyed PVDF PEH delivers a piezoelectric output of 33.0 V and a power density of 8 μW/cm2, over 5.8 times that of conventional electrospun PVDF membrane, and can consistently charge lithium‐ion batteries. Our research unveils a novel strategic path to modify fiber structured PEHs, advancing their applications in self‐powered systems.
Nutrition and behavioral health in cystic fibrosis: Eating and body image
Authors: Lyons Emma R. , Muther Emily , Sabharwal Sabina 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople with CF (pwCF) are at high risk for malnutrition, making nutritional management a critical aspect of CF care. Over the past several decades, optimal nutritional status for pwCF has been defined by body mass index (BMI) based on evidence linking suboptimal BMI to decreased lung function and life expectancy, although more recent changes in CF care may also bring changes to how nutritional health is defined. The historical focus on weight, BMI, and nutrition as key parts of multidisciplinary CF care starting at an early age places pwCF at increased risk for body image concerns and disordered eating. The landscape of CF care is evolving with the approval of highly effective modulator therapies (HEMT) and resulting improvements in growth; however, issues related to body image and eating remain important to consider, especially as past difficulties gaining weight may shift to discomfort with one's weight gain and/or physical appearance. This review aims to describe how body image concerns and disordered eating occur in pwCF across the lifespan; to discuss evidence‐based approaches to addressing these concerns; and to identify future directions for research and clinical practice in assessing and treating eating disorders and body image concerns in this population.
The gastrointestinal microbiome, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, and microbiome modulators in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Green Nicole , Chan Christopher , Ooi Chee Y. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) have an altered gastrointestinal microbiome. These individuals also demonstrate propensity toward developing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The dysbiosis present has intestinal and extraintestinal implications, including potential links with the higher rates of gastrointestinal malignancies described in CF. Given these implications, there is growing interest in therapeutic options for microbiome modulation. Alternative therapies, including probiotics and prebiotics, and current CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene modulators are promising interventions for ameliorating gut microbiome dysfunction in pwCF. This article will characterize and discuss the current state of knowledge and expert opinions on gut dysbiosis and SIBO in the context of CF, before reviewing the current evidence supporting gut microbial modulating therapies in CF.
Constipation and DIOS: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management
Authors: Saikumar Pavithra , Sadauskas Marisa , Izhar Sophia , Moshiree Baha , Patel Dhiren 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a complex disorder that requires multidisciplinary expertise for effective management. The GALAXY study estimated the prevalence of constipation to be about 25% among People with Cystic Fibrosis (PwCF), identifying it as one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms within this patient population. Quality of Life (QoL) assessments uncovered high patient dissatisfaction, highlighting the imperative need for enhanced treatment strategies. Similarly, Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome (DIOS) is a unique condition exclusive to PwCF that, if left undiagnosed, can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Given the broad spectrum of differential diagnoses for abdominal pain, including constipation and DIOS, it is paramount for healthcare providers to possess a clear understanding of these conditions. This paper aims to delineate various differentials for abdominal pain while elucidating the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for managing constipation and DIOS in PwCF.
Understanding the association between (im)mobility and life satisfaction in Australia
Authors: Borsellino Rosabella , Charles‐Edwards Elin , Bernard Aude , Corcoran Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStayers are an important component of the internal migration system, yet despite their numerical significance, they are often treated as ancillary to movers in the migration literature. As a result, there is a conflict between the mobility‐centric view of immobility as undesirable and developing narratives which recognise staying as an active and consciously made decision. We therefore need to rethink immobility conceptually and empirically to shed light on a numerically dominant component of the population that has largely been neglected. Using Australia as a case study, this paper examines whether being a stayer has a positive or negative association with life satisfaction, and whether this relationship varies by (1) preference for staying or leaving, (2) between cities and regional areas, and (3) before and during the onset of the pandemic. By first reconceptualising staying as an active process and distinguishing between voluntary and involuntary stayers, life satisfaction outcomes are examined using four migration preference‐behaviour types: desired stayer, undesired stayer, desired mover and undesired mover. Drawing on nationally representative survey data and regression modelling, results reveal important differences in life satisfaction outcomes between individuals expressing a preference for staying or leaving. Findings highlight that while satisfaction of stayers generally declined, being an undesired stayer was associated with a significantly greater loss of life satisfaction compared to being a desired stayer. The magnitude of this association was greater for undesired stayers in regional areas and those surveyed during the pandemic. These results illuminate the varied characteristics and outcomes of stayers within the Australian migration system, demonstrate the importance of acknowledging preference in theorisations of (im)mobility and emphasise the value of adopting an immobility‐focused perspective on internal migration.
How many moves are too many? Repeat internal migration and subjective well‐being in young adulthood in Australia
Authors: Wu Jing , Bernard Aude 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite growing calls to analyse internal migration as a life‐course trajectory, most studies use the last recorded migration based on a dichotomy between migrants and non‐migrants. Leveraging the maturation of longitudinal surveys and methodological advances, this paper establishes the diversity and complexity of individual migration trajectories and their long‐term association with subjective well‐being. We apply sequence and cluster analysis to the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data to establish the migration trajectories of millennials from the ages of 15–18 to 27–30 based on the timing, frequency, and direction of migration between regions. We then combine data mining techniques, machine learning algorithms and regression analysis to explore the association between internal migration trajectories and economic and social subjective well‐being (SWB). We find that a full third of young adults are repeat migrants split between return migrants, serial onward migrants, and circular migrants. Repeat migrants often exhibit lower levels of life satisfaction. Successive migrations cumulatively shape life satisfaction, as shown by a negative association between serial onward migration and social SWB. Additionally, return migrants are less satisfied with their economic outcomes, particularly when return migration occurs after two consecutive onward migrations or when return migration occurs early in adulthood. Collectively, these results reveal heterogeneity in migration trajectories that are missed when migration is treated as a one‐off event while suggesting that internal migrants operate a trade‐off between social and economic outcomes over the life course.
Gear fault diagnosis based on small channel convolutional neural network under multiscale fusion attention mechanism
Authors: Du Xuejiao , Liu Bowen , Gai Jingbo , Zhang Yulin , Shi Xiangfeng , Tian Hailong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the insufficient feature learning ability and the bloated network structure, the gear fault diagnosis methods based on traditional deep neural networks always suffer from poor diagnosis accuracy and low diagnosis efficiency. Therefore, a small channel convolutional neural network under the multiscale fusion attention mechanism (MSFAM‐SCCNN) is proposed in this paper. First, a small channel convolutional neural network (SCCNN) model is constructed based on the framework of the traditional AlexNet model in order to lightweight the network structure and improve the learning efficiency. Then, a novel multiscale fusion attention mechanism (MSFAM) is embedded into the SCCNN model, which utilizes multiscale striped convolutional windows to extract key features from three dimensions, including temporal, spatial, and channel‐wise, resulting in more precise feature mining. Finally, the performance of the MSFAM‐ SCCNN model is verified using the vibration data of tooth‐broken gears obtained by a self‐designed experimental bench of an ammunition supply and delivery system.
Fate and Transport of Chloroform in VI Evaluations
Authors: Eklund Bart , Rago Rich 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTChloroform is frequently detected in indoor air in vapor intrusion (VI) studies. At many sites, initial screening shows potential indoor air impacts for chloroform at unacceptable levels. During follow‐up site characterization, however, the VI pathway for chloroform is rarely found to be the primary source of chloroform in indoor air. This paper sets forth a conceptual model for understanding these results and summarizes data from 10 field sites from various US Environmental Protection Agency regions to illustrate the concepts. Chloroform is a volatile organic compound (VOC) that is categorized as being a trihalomethane. It is well documented that it can be formed when chlorine is used to disinfect water. Chloroform also may be emitted directly into indoor air from treated water and may be formed and/or emitted from various cleaning products. The typical indoor air background concentration in residential buildings is approximately 0.5–1 µg/m3, but results will vary, and values of 10 µg/m3 or higher have been measured. The indoor air background concentrations presented in the literature are well above typical screening level concentrations for residential buildings. Field data are presented that demonstrate that the attenuation factor for chloroform often differs widely from attenuation factors of other VOCs that may pose a potential risk via the VI pathway.
Asynchronous control for nonlinear switched stochastic delayed systems with weighted mode‐dependent average dwell time
Authors: Liu Bo , Li Longsuo , Chen Yong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the asynchronous control for a class of nonlinear switched stochastic delayed systems. In response to this issue, the weighted mode‐dependent average dwell time is first applied to switched stochastic systems as a more general switching signal. In addition, the asynchronous phenomenon is considered to address the mismatch in practical applications, where “mismatch” means the switching of the controllers has a delay to the switching of system modes. Then by selecting new multiple Lyapunov–Krasovskii functionals, sufficient conditions for mean‐square exponential stability and an performance are derived. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.