bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Shaping of Femtosecond Laser Pulses for Ultrafast Molecular Photo‐Dissociation with Control Techniques Based on Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Castro Alberto 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe combination of time‐dependent density functional theory and quantum optimal control formalism is used to optimize the shape of ultra‐short laser pulses in order to achieve the photodissociation of the hydrogen molecule. The very short pulse durations used in this work (a few femtoseconds) do not allow for significant nuclear movement during irradiation, and thus the dissociation mechanism is sequential. During pulse irradiation, a large sudden momentum is communicated which can be understood in terms of population of excited, bound or unbound, dissociative electronic states. The target is defined in terms of the average opposing force during the action of the pulse, or equivalently, in terms of the final dissociative velocity.
Ocean currents influence the genetic structure of an intertidal mollusc in southeastern Australia – implications for predicting the movement of passive dispersers across a marine biogeographic barrier
Authors: Miller Adam D. , Versace Vincent L. , Matthews Ty G. , Montgomery Steven , Bowie Kate C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMajor disjunctions among marine communities in southeastern Australia have been well documented, although explanations for biogeographic structuring remain uncertain. Converging ocean currents, environmental gradients, and habitat discontinuities have been hypothesized as likely drivers of structuring in many species, although the extent to which species are affected appears largely dependent on specific life histories and ecologies. Understanding these relationships is critical to the management of native and invasive species, and the preservation of evolutionary processes that shape biodiversity in this region. In this study we test the direct influence of ocean currents on the genetic structure of a passive disperser across a major biogeographic barrier. Donax deltoides (Veneroida: Donacidae) is an intertidal, soft‐sediment mollusc and an ideal surrogate for testing this relationship, given its lack of habitat constraints in this region, and its immense dispersal potential driven by year‐long spawning and long‐lived planktonic larvae. We assessed allele frequencies at 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci across 11 sample locations spanning the barrier region and identified genetic structure consistent with the major ocean currents of southeastern Australia. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data indicated no evidence of genetic structuring, but signatures of a species range expansion corresponding with historical inundations of the Bassian Isthmus. Our results indicate that ocean currents are likely to be the most influential factor affecting the genetic structure of D. deltoides and a likely physical barrier for passive dispersing marine fauna generally in southeastern Australia.
Spatio‐temporal habitat selection shifts in brown trout populations under contrasting natural flow regimes
Authors: Ayllón Daniel , Nicola Graciela G. , Parra Irene , Elvira Benigno , Almodóvar Ana 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the links between instream ecology and hydrology has become a critical task in contemporary river research and management. Habitat selection behaviour is a central dimension in applied ecology because it is a primary way that mobile organisms adapt to changing environmental conditions. Here, we analyzed brown trout habitat selection during two consecutive years in rivers presenting contrasting flow conditions to test the following hypotheses: (1) given that adaptation to flow regimes occurs as a response to the interaction between frequency, magnitude and predictability of mortality‐causing events, habitat selection would vary across populations subject to different disturbance regimes; (2) because adaptations are directed towards enduring both intra‐annual and interannual variations in flow, habitat selection would shift across years as a response to changing flow conditions and (3) such responses to yearly flow fluctuations would depend on the historical long‐term hydrologic regime. We found that trout from rivers with highly variable flow and more frequent, longer and stronger extreme flow events were more willing to occupy positions in high‐velocity habitats and showed stronger requirements for velocity refuges, whereas trout inhabiting more stable and benign flow environments selected visually‐covered habitats to minimize biotic interactions. Results also revealed that trout shifted habitat selection patterns across years differing in flow conditions irrespective of river typology, but this shift was markedly stronger in rivers with higher flow variability and extremity. Overall, observed ecological patterns have strong implications for predicting the consequences of flow alteration for species adapted to particular flow regimes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Diiron Azadithiolate Complexes Containing a Subphthalocyanine Moiety as Biomimetic Models for [FeFe]‐Hydrogenases
Authors: Song Li‐Cheng , Luo Fei‐Xian , Tan Hao , Sun Xiao‐Jing , Xie Zhao‐Jun , Song Hai‐Bin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe first two model compounds for [FeFe]‐hydrogenases that contain a subphthalocyanine (SubPc) macrocycle, namely, [{(μ‐SCH2)2N(CH2)2CO2‐3‐C6H4S2C6H4‐3′‐O(SubPc)}Fe2(CO)6] (5) and [{(μ‐SCH2)2NC6H4‐4‐O(SubPc)}Fe2(CO)6] (8), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The treatment of chlorosubphthalocyanine (SubPc‐Cl, 1) with (3‐HOC6H4S)2 in toluene gave the corresponding phenoxy‐substituted SubPc derivative 3‐HOC6H4S2C6H4‐3′‐O(SubPc) (2) in 78 % yield, whereas the reaction of in‐situ‐generated [(μ‐HOCH2S)2Fe2(CO)6] (3) with β‐alanine afforded diiron complex [{(μ‐CH2S)2N(CH2)2CO2H}Fe2(CO)6] (4) in 53 % yield. Further treatment of 2 with 4 in the presence of N,N′‐dicyclocarbodiimide (DCC) and N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐aminopyridine (DMAP) in CH2Cl2 resulted in the formation of model compound 5 in 86 % yield. Model compound 8 could be prepared by two methods. One method involves the reaction of in‐situ‐generated 3 with 4‐aminophenol in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give diiron complex [{(μ‐CH2S)2NC6H4OH‐4}Fe2(CO)6] (6) in 61 % yield and further treatment of SubPc‐Cl (1) with 6 in toluene to give 8 in 13 % yield. The other method involves the reaction of SubPc‐Cl (1) with silver triflate (AgOTf) followed by treatment of the resulting intermediate SubPc‐OTf (7) with 6 in the presence of Et3N to produce 8 in a much higher yield (59 %). All the new precursors (2, 4, and 6) and the model compounds 5 and 8 have been fully characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopy techniques, as well by X‐ray crystallography for 2, 4, 6, and 8. In addition, the photoinduced H2 production catalyzed by model 8 was preliminarily investigated.
A Feast of Polyoxometalate Chemistry
Authors: Hindson Karen 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEurJIC comes to you with a double issue on polyoxometalates, which reflects the energy and prolific output of the polyoxometalate community. As Guest Editors, Ulrich Kortz and Tianbo Liu gave us unlimited time and expert knowledge to make this issue a treasure trove of polyoxometalate chemistry.
Shear velocity estimates in rough‐bed open‐channel flow
Authors: Bagherimiyab Fereshteh , Lemmin Ulrich 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTShear velocity u* is an important parameter in geophysical flows, in particular with respect to sediment transport dynamics. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of applying five standard methods [the logarithmic mean velocity profile, the Reynolds stress profile, the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) profile, the wall similarity and spectral methods] that were initially developed to estimate shear velocity in smooth bed flow to turbulent flow over a loose bed of coarse gravel (D50 = 1·5 cm) under sub‐threshold conditions. The analysis is based on quasi‐instantaneous three‐dimensional (3D) full depth velocity profiles with high spatial and temporal resolution that were measured with an Acoustic Doppler Velocity Profiler (ADVP) in an open channel. The results of the analysis confirm the importance of detailed velocity profile measurements for the determination of shear velocity in rough‐bed flows. Results from all methods fall into a range of ± 20% variability and no systematic trend between methods was observed. Local and temporal variation in the loose bed roughness may contribute to the variability of the logarithmic profile method results. Estimates obtained from the TKE and Reynolds stress methods reasonably agree. Most results from the wall similarity method are within 10% of those obtained by the TKE and Reynolds stress methods. The spectral method was difficult to use since the spectral energy of the vertical velocity component strongly increased with distance from the bed in the inner layer. This made the choice of the reference level problematic. Mean shear stress for all experiments follows a quadratic relationship with the mean velocity in the flow. The wall similarity method appears to be a promising tool for estimating shear velocity under rough‐bed flow conditions and in field studies where other methods may be difficult to apply. This method allows for the determination of u* from a single point measurement at one level in the intermediate range (0·3 < h < 0·6). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurophysiological and behavioural effects of lavender oil in rats with experimentally induced anxiety
Authors: Tsang Hector W. H. , Lo Samuel C. L. , Chan Chetwyn C. H. , Ho Timothy Y. C. , Fung Kelvin M. T. , Chan Alan H. L. , Au Doreen W. H. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined anxiolytic effects of lavender oil on brain serotonin levels and anxiety‐related behaviours of rats. The experimental rats were divided into five groups, which respectively received inhalation of saline, 1.25% lavender oil, 2.5% lavender oil, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), and 2.5% lavender oil co‐administered with CDP. Anxiety was induced in rats using animal models including Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field. The levels of serotonin in the pre‐frontal cortex and striatum of the rats, the anxiolytic effects of lavender oil and its augmentation effect as to co‐administration with CDP were evaluated. The neurophysiological findings showed that groups receiving lavender oils, CDP, and 2.5% lavender oils co‐administered with CDP had significantly higher level of serotonin in the pre‐frontal cortex. However, the anxiolytic behavioural effects of lavender oil were found to have mixed results. This study provided preliminary evidence that inhalation of lavender oil paralleled effects of CDP in up‐regulating synthesis of serotonin in rat pre‐frontal cortex, and the co‐administration of CDP with 2.5% lavender oil tended to augment effect of CDP on serotonin in their pre‐frontal cortex and striatum. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distinct lateral variations of upper mantle anisotropy beneath eastern China revealed by shear‐wave splitting
Authors: Huang Hui , Xu Mingjie , Wang Liangshu , Huang Zhouchuan , Wang Pan , Mi Ning , Li Hua , Yu Dayong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA dense seismic array consisting of 28 temporary stations was deployed to study the crustal and upper‐mantle deformations beneath eastern China. We measured the splitting parameters in the crust and mantle by analyzing P‐to‐S phases converted at the Moho discontinuity (called PmS phases) and the core‐mantle boundary (i.e., core phases), respectively. The splitting parameters of core phases are retrieved at most stations while that of the PmS phases are retrieved at only a few stations. Distinct lateral variations of the fast polarization directions analyzed with the core phases are found in different tectonic blocks in eastern China. The delay times in the mantle and crust are moderately large (~1 s) and averagely smaller than 0.3 s, respectively. By the Fresnel‐zone analysis, the laterally variant lithospheric anisotropy is revealed between the two sub‐blocks (Southeast China Orogenic Belt and Yangtze Craton) of the eastern South China Block. In contrast, in the southeastern North China Craton, the anisotropy in a relatively deep layer contributes to the splitting observations.
Initial‐value predictability of Antarctic sea ice in the Community Climate System Model 3
Authors: Holland Marika M. , Blanchard‐Wrigglesworth Edward , Kay Jennifer , Vavrus Steven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe assess initial‐value predictability characteristics of Antarctic sea ice from climate simulations. The integrations are initialized on 1 January with identical ice‐ocean‐terrestrial conditions and integrated forward for two years. We find that the initialized ice‐ocean state provides predictive capability on the ice‐edge location around Antarctica for the first several months of integration. During the ice advance season from April to September, significant predictability is retained in some locations with an eastward propagating signal. This is consistent with previous work suggesting the advection of sea ice anomalies with the mean ocean circulation. The ice‐edge predictability is then generally lost during the ice retreat season after October. However, predictability reemerges during the next year's ice advance starting around June in some locations. This reemergence is associated with ocean heat content anomalies that are retained at depth during the austral summer and resurface during the following autumn as the ocean mixed layers deepen.
To binge or not to binge: Binge drinking disrupts glucose homeostasis by impairing hypothalamic but not liver insulin signaling
Authors: Garcia-Ruiz Carmen , Fernandez-Checa José C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Individuals with a history of binge drinking have an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Whether binge drinking impairs glucose homeostasis and insulin action is unknown. To test this, we treated Sprague-Dawley rats daily with alcohol (3 g/kg) for three consecutive days to simulate human binge drinking and found that these rats developed and exhibited insulin resistance even after blood alcohol concentrations had become undetectable. The animals were resistant to insulin for up to 54 hours after the last dose of ethanol, chiefly a result of impaired hepatic and adipose tissue insulin action. Because insulin regulates hepatic glucose production and white adipose tissue lipolysis, in part through signaling in the central nervous system, we tested whether binge drinking impaired brain control of nutrient partitioning. Rats that had consumed alcohol exhibited impaired hypothalamic insulin action, defined as the ability of insulin infused into the mediobasal hypothalamus to suppress hepatic glucose production and white adipose tissue lipolysis. Insulin signaling in the hypothalamus, as assessed by insulin receptor and AKT phosphorylation, decreased after binge drinking. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed increased hypothalamic inflammation and expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling. Intracerebroventricular infusion of CPT-157633, a small-molecule inhibitor of PTP1B, prevented binge drinking-induced glucose intolerance. These results show that, in rats, binge drinking induces systemic insulin resistance by impairing hypothalamic insulin action and that this effect can be prevented by inhibition of brain PTP1B.
Analysis of heat and chemical reaction on an asymmetric laminar flow between slowly expanding or contracting walls
Authors: Subramanyam Reddy A. , Srinivas S. , Ramamohan T.R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe present study investigates the effects of heat and mass transfer on asymmetric laminar flow in a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls in the presence of a chemical reaction. Both walls are assumed to have different permeabilities and expand or contract uniformly at a time‐dependent rate. The governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. A perturbation technique in the permeation Reynolds number and wall dilation ratio is employed to obtain the analytical solutions. The effects of various emerging parameters on flow variables have been discussed numerically and explained graphically. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21036PACS: 47.15, 47.63.mf, 44.25+f, 47.70. Fw
Thermosolutal convection in a fluid‐porous composite medium
Authors: Jena Sofen K. , Mahapatra Swarup K. , Sarkar Amitava 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn the present study analysis has been performed for thermosolutal convection in a fluid‐porous composite medium, consisting of a fluid‐saturated porous medium followed by an overlaying clean medium. The fluid‐porous composite medium is subjected to both a horizontal solutal and a thermal gradient. Top and bottom walls of the fluid‐porous composite medium are assumed to be impermeable and adiabatic. The Darcy‐Brinkman‐Forchheimer model is used to study the flow through the fluid‐porous composite medium. A single domain approach is taken into consideration for numerical simulation. The solution is done by control volume integration. A comprehensive analysis has been performed for various pertinent parameters to delineate their behavior. Results of the transport phenomenon have been provided in graphical and tabular form, for the complete understanding of the complex phenomenon. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/htj). DOI 10.1002/htj.21048
Effects of land use intensity on stormwater runoff and its temporal occurrence in cold climates
Authors: Valtanen Marjo , Sillanpää Nora , Setälä Heikki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe impacts of land use intensity, here defined as the degree of imperviousness, on stormwater volumes, runoff rates and their temporal occurrence were studied at three urban catchments in a cold region in southern Finland. The catchments with ‘High’ and ‘Intermediate’ land use intensity, located around the city centre, were characterized by 89% and 62% impervious surfaces, respectively. The ‘Low’ catchment was situated in a residential area of 19% imperviousness. During a 2‐year study period with divergent weather conditions, the generation of stormwater correlated positively with catchment imperviousness: The largest annual stormwater volumes and the highest runoff coefficients and number of stormwater runoff events occurred in the High catchment. Land use intensity also altered the seasonality of stormwater runoff: Most stormwater in the High catchment was generated during the warm period of the year, whereas the largest contribution to annual stormwater generation in the Low catchment took place during the cold period. In the two most urbanized catchments, spring snow melt occurred a few weeks earlier than in the Low catchment. The rate of stormwater runoff in the High and Intermediate catchments was higher in summer than during spring snow melt, and summer runoff rates in these more urbanized catchments were several times higher than in the Low catchment. Our study suggests that the effects of land use intensity on stormwater runoff are season dependent in cold climates and that cold seasons diminish the differences between land use intensities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR REVITALISATION OF SMALL‐SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Mwendera Emmanuel , Chilonda Pius 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a conceptual framework for revitalising small‐scale irrigation schemes which are either performing poorly or have partially collapsed due to a combination of infrastructural, social‐economic, institutional and governance problems, among others. The framework is based on the understanding that an irrigation scheme consists of four mutually interlinked systems: the physical system, the cropping system, the economic system and the social‐organisational system. The conceptual approach has two main elements: defining the methodology for revitalisation and implementation of the revitalisation process. The methodology is defined by conducting diagnostic studies to assess water availability, irrigation system, socio‐organisation, economic, and market conditions of the scheme. The implementation process involves rehabilitating physical infrastructure, building the capacity of the farmers and extension workers to sustain the revitalised scheme and developing a framework for monitoring and evaluating the performance of that scheme. The whole revitalisation process is built on the foundations of learning from past experience (historical perspective) and continuous stakeholder consultation. The application of the framework and the hypothesis that improved understanding of existing schemes and improved training for farmers results in improved performance of small‐scale irrigation schemes are yet to be investigated. The authors invite readers' reaction to the proposed framework. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The l‐kynurenine–probenecid combination reduces neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Pineda‐Farias J.B. , Pérez‐Severiano F. , González‐Esquivel D.F. , Barragán‐Iglesias P. , Bravo‐Hernández M. , Cervantes‐Durán C. , Aguilera P. , Ríos C. , Granados‐Soto V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundl‐Kynurenine has antinociceptive effects in acute and inflammatory pain. This study determined the effect of l‐kynurenine and its metabolite (kynurenic acid) on rats subjected to neuropathic pain.MethodsL5/L6 spinal nerve ligation induced tactile allodynia as measured with von Frey filaments using the up‐down method. High‐performance liquid chromatography and Western blot analysis determined kynurenic acid levels and expression of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), respectively.Resultsl‐Kynurenine (50–200 mg/kg, i.p.) or probenecid (100 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect allodynia in neuropathic rats. In contrast, l‐kynurenine (50–200 mg/kg, i.p.) in combination with probenecid (100 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of organic anion transport, reversed allodynia. Furthermore, intrathecal kynurenic acid (1–30 μg) reversed allodynia. Probenecid (100 mg/kg, i.p.) supplementation enhanced the maximal antiallodynic effect of intrathecal kynurenic acid (10 μg). Only the combined administration of l‐kynurenine (200 mg/kg)/probenecid (100 mg/kg) increased the kynurenic acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. KAT II is expressed in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord. KAT II expression was unchanged by the spinal nerve ligation or l‐kynurenine/probenecid combination. The kynurenine/probenecid combination did not affect motor activity.Conclusionsl‐Kynurenine produces its antiallodynic effect in the central nervous system through kynurenic acid. This effect may result from blockade of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. KAT II is expressed in dorsal root ganglion and dorsal spinal cord. Combined l‐kynurenine and probenecid therapy has the potential to reduce neuropathic pain in humans.