bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Musical topics, historical styles and narrative in Carl Davis’s score for Pride and Prejudice (1995)
Authors: Kimber Marian Wilson 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In critical commentary on Jane Austen film adaptations, Carl Davis’s musical score for the British Broadcasting Corporation’s television series Pride and Prejudice has been hailed as ‘historically accurate’. However, its use of ‘period’ instruments actually reflects the modern ‘early music’ movement, and its selections of diegetic music by canonic composers serve to create the cultural prestige associated with heritage productions. The nondiegetic portions of the score, which imitate a century of musical topics, styles and genres, are central to the novel’s adaptation to film. A musico-historical continuum – from Baroque dance to classical sonata form to a Romantic leitmotif – provides its own meanings, and in some instances the musical score becomes the primary transmitter of the film’s narrative. The ‘original’ time period referenced by a musical cue signals information about a character’s class status, personality, and actions, and the musical ‘historicism’ of Davis’s score sometimes provides the ironic commentary characteristic of Austen’s writing.
Industrial magic and light: 3D at the New York World’s Fair (1939)
Authors: Wasson Haidee 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article examines an early stereoscopic film made for and shown at the 1939 World’s Fair held in New York. The film In Tune with Tomorrow was commissioned by the Chrysler Motor Company, and featured 3D stop-motion animation of a car magically assembling without human intervention. This film is discussed in the context of a range of large and small screen experiments conducted at the fair. The rise of American industry’s use of film technologies as integral elements of ascendant its communication strategies is also addressed.
Anticipation of contact: Pina-3D and stereoscopic cinematography
Authors: Gadassik Alla 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This article examines the film Pina-3D (Wenders) as a case study for contemporary stereoscopic cinematography methods. While S3D cinema is often associated with highly kinetic and mobile qualities, especially in relation to filming dance, the author argues that the cinematography in Pina interprets dance as tactile exploration of space. The article outlines a number of formal strategies used to connect the stereoscopic image to tactile proximity in the film. These strategies include stereoscopic portraiture, oscillation between flattened and layered framing, and curtaining. The article also argues that the theme of ambivalent human touch that recurs throughout Pina Bausch’s choreography in the film also works as a rhetorical analogy for the ambivalent contact of the stereoscopic image. In particular, contemporary S3D cinematography discourse self-consciously navigates the line between stereoscopic contact as immersive pleasure and as a potential harmful assault on the spectator’s body.
Muybridge’s enthalpy
Authors: White Kenneth 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In ‘Muybridge’s enthalpy’ I present formal and historical analyses of a stereograph by the renowned American photographer Eadweard Muybridge. The Stereograph (1873) depicts three vertical steam pumps. I contextualize Muybridge’s stereograph with his subsequent work in composite photographs, many of his techniques perfected while in Central America. I focus particularly on an 1876 image that radically distorts its content – clouds and a volcano crater – into abstraction. I claim that Muybridge’s work in stereography, and his merger of multiple images in single frames, re-position our understanding of Muybridge’s proto-cinematic work within industrial culture of the time, particularly the newly declared Laws of Thermodynamics. I argue that J. Willard Gibbs’ theories of enthalpy, or or ‘warming in’, offers a new view upon how Muybridge strove to encapsulate the ephemeral in his steam pump stereograph and cloud composite. I conclude that the stereograph may be read as a clue to the explosive abstraction of his commodity practices.
Mapping Condition-Dependent Regulation of Lipid Metabolism inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Jewett Michael C , Workman Christopher T , Nookaew Intawat , Pizarro Francisco A , Agosin Eduardo , Hellgren Lars I , Nielsen Jens 
Published: September 2013

AbstractLipids play a central role in cellular function as constituents of membranes, as signaling molecules, and as storage materials. Although much is known about the role of lipids in regulating specific steps of metabolism, comprehensive studies integrating genome-wide expression data, metabolite levels, and lipid levels are currently lacking. Here, we map condition-dependent regulation controlling lipid metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by measuring 5636 mRNAs, 50 metabolites, 97 lipids, and 57 13C-reaction fluxes in yeast using a three-factor full-factorial design. Correlation analysis across eight environmental conditions revealed 2279 gene expression level-metabolite/lipid relationships that characterize the extent of transcriptional regulation in lipid metabolism relative to major metabolic hubs within the cell. To query this network, we developed integrative methods for correlation of multi-omics datasets that elucidate global regulatory signatures. Our data highlight many characterized regulators of lipid metabolism and reveal that sterols are regulated more at the transcriptional level than are amino acids. Beyond providing insights into the systems-level organization of lipid metabolism, we anticipate that our dataset and approach can join an emerging number of studies to be widely used for interrogating cellular systems through the combination of mathematical modeling and experimental biology.
Cleft Palate Surgery: An Evaluation of Length of Stay, Complications, and Costs by Hospital Type
Authors: Nguyen Christine , Hernandez-Boussard Tina , Davies Sheryl M. , Bhattacharya Jay , Khosla Rohit K. , Curtin Catherine M. 
Published: September 2013

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess length of stay (LOS), complication rates, costs, and charges of cleft palate repair by various hospital types. We hypothesized that pediatric hospitals would have shorter LOS, fewer complications, and lower costs and charges. Methods Patients were identified by ICD-9-CM code for cleft palate repair (27.62) using databases from the Agency for Health Research and Quality Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database from 1997, 2000, 2003, and 2006. Patient characteristics (age, race, gender, insurer, comorbidities) and facility resources (hospital beds, cleft palate surgery volume, nurse-to-bed ratio, pediatric intensive care unit [PICU], PICU intensivist, burn unit) were examined. Hospitals types included pediatric hospitals, general hospitals, and nonaccredited children's hospital. For each hospital type, mean LOS, extended LOS (LOS > 2), and complications were assessed. Results A total of 14,153 patients had cleft repair with a mean LOS of 2 days (SD, 0.04), mortality 0.01%, transfusion 0.3%, and complication <3%. Pediatric hospitals had fewer patients with extended hospital stays. Patients with an LOS >2 days were associated with fourfold higher complications. Comorbidities increased the relative rate of LOS >2 days by 90%. Pediatric hospitals had the highest comorbidities, yet 35% decreased the relative rate of LOS >2 days. Median total charges of $10,835 increased to $15,104 with LOS >2 days; median total costs of $4367 increased to $6148 with a LOS >2 days. Conclusion Pediatric hospitals had higher comorbidities yet shorter LOS. Pediatric resources significantly decreased the relative rate of LOS >2 days. Median costs and charges increased by 41% with LOS >2 days. Further research is needed to understand additional aspects of pediatric hospitals associated with lower LOS.
Ethnic Variation in Oral Cleft Occurrence in Denmark 1981–2002
Authors: Pedersen Grete Skøtt , Almind Pedersen Dorthe , Hvas Mortensen Laust , Nybo Andersen Anne-Marie , Christensen Kaare 
Published: September 2013

Objective To examine differences in oral cleft (OC) occurrence based on maternal only and parental country of origin in Denmark from 1981 to 2002. Methods Data on all live births from the Danish Medical Birth Register from 1981 to 2002 were linked with the Danish Facial Cleft Database. Cleft cases were categorized into isolated and nonisolated cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CP). Birth prevalence was calculated as cases per 1,000 live born children by maternal country of origin, world region, and mixed parental groups. Results We identified 3094 OC cases among 1,319,426 live births. Danish-born women had an OC birth prevalence of 2.38 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) (2.29–2.47) and foreign-born women a significant lower prevalence of 2.01 (CI, 1.77–2.27). This difference was explained by a lower isolated CL/P birth prevalence among foreign-born women of 0.97 (CI, 0.81–1.16) versus 1.35 (CI, 1.28–1.41). No significant differences were seen for the remaining subtypes. Parents with the same foreign country of origin had a lower overall OC (1.63; CI, 1.35–1.94) and isolated CL/P (0.76; CI, 0.57–0.99) birth prevalence than Danish-born parents. This was not the case for any of the mixed parental groups. Overall and subtype prevalence rates varied according to maternal categories of world region. Conclusion In this study we found differences in OC occurrence among all live births in the Danish population based on maternal country of origin from 1981 to 2002. Danish-born women had higher OC and isolated CL/P birth prevalence compared with foreign-born women.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Phagocytes From Patients With Chronic Periodontitis Are Primed for Osteoclast Formation
Authors: Herrera Bruno S. , Bastos Alliny S. , Coimbra Leila S. , Teixeira Simone A. , Rossa Carlos , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Muscara Marcelo N. , Spolidorio Luis C. 
Published: September 2013

Background: During inflammatory periodontal disease, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are attracted to bone and differentiate into active bone‐resorbing osteoclasts (OCs), thus providing evidence that the impact of chronic periodontitis (CP) on the activity of circulating mononuclear cells is of central importance. The authors test the hypothesis that peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes (PBMPs) from patients with CP are activated and more susceptible to differentiation into OCs, which in turn would lead to more intense bone resorption.Methods: In vitro cytokine production by both unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated PBMCs from individuals with (n = 10) or without (n = 12) periodontitis was determined by cytokine array. OC differentiation from CD14+ PBMCs was induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL), either alone or in the presence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF). PBMC differentiation to OCs was confirmed by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining; bone resorbing activity was assessed by using an osteologic plate assay (bone resorption pit formation).Results: PBMCs from patients with CP produced tumor necrosis factor‐α and higher amounts of interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐1rα, CXC motif chemokine 10, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)‐1α, and MIP‐1β than the control cells. OC differentiation was induced by RANKL alone in PBMCs from patients with CP, but not in PBMCs from the healthy controls, which required the addition of M‐CSF. In addition, PBMC‐derived OCs from patients with CP showed significantly higher resorption activity than that observed in the healthy controls. Also, the circulating concentrations of M‐CSF were significantly higher in patients with CP than in the control participants.Conclusions: These data indicate that in patients with CP, circulating PBMCs are primed for increased proinflammatory activity and that M‐CSF plays a central role in this process by increasing OC formation and the consequent bone resorption activity.
Enamel Matrix Derivative in Propylene Glycol Alginate for Treatment of Infrabony Defects With or Without Systemic Doxycycline: 12‐ and 24‐Month Results
Authors: Eickholz Peter , Röllke Lasse , Schacher Beate , Wohlfeil Martin , Dannewitz Bettina , Kaltschmitt Jens , Krieger Jörg K. , Krigar Diana M. , Reitmeir Peter , Kim Ti‐Sun 
Published: September 2013

Background: This aim of this study is to compare regenerative therapy of infrabony defects with and without administration of post‐surgical systemic doxycycline (DOXY) 12 and 24 months after therapy.Methods: In each of 57 patients, one infrabony defect (depth ≥4 mm) was treated regeneratively using enamel matrix derivative at two centers (Frankfurt am Main and Heidelberg). By random assignment, patients received either 200 mg DOXY per day or placebo (PLAC) for 7 days after surgery. Twelve and 24 months after surgery, clinical parameters (probing depths [PDs] and vertical clinical attachment level [CAL‐V]) and standardized radiographs were obtained. Missing data were managed according to the last observation carried forward.Results: Data of 57 patients (DOXY: 28; PLAC: 29) were analyzed (26 males and 31 females; mean age: 52 ± 10.2 years; 13 smokers). In both groups, significant (P <0.01) PD reduction (DOXY: 3.7 ± 2.2 mm; PLAC: 3.4 ± 1.7 mm), CAL‐V gain (DOXY: 2.7 ± 1.9 mm; PLAC: 3.0 ± 1.9 mm), and bone fill (DOXY: 1.6 ± 2.7 mm; PLAC: 1.8 ± 3.0 mm) were observed 24 months after surgery. However, the differences between both groups failed to be statistically significant (PD: P = 0.574; CAL‐V: P = 0.696; bone fill: P = 0.318).Conclusions: Systemic DOXY, 200 mg/day for 7 days, after regenerative therapy of infrabony defects did not result in better PD reduction, CAL‐V gain, or radiographic bone fill compared with PLAC 12 and 24 months after surgery, which may be attributable to low power and, thus, random chance.
Parents' preferences regarding appearance and attire of orthodontists
Authors: Kelly Gillian R. , Shroff Bhavna , Best Al M. , Tufekci Eser , Lindauer Steven J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate parents' preferences regarding the appearance and attire of orthodontists.Materials and Methods:Parents attending their child's first orthodontic appointment were asked to choose from among sets of photographs of potential orthodontic providers. Selected factors were varied within the sets, including sex and age of the provider as well as attire (casual, formal, white coat, or scrubs), hairstyle (loose or tied back for women, facial hair or clean shaven for men), and presence of a nametag.Results:A total of 77 parents participated. There were significant differences in choice of provider in terms of the provider's sex (P &lt; .0001), age (P  =  .0013), dress (P &lt; .0001), hair (P &lt; .0001), and nametag (P  =  .0065). There were no significant differences in preference attributable to parent characteristics (P &gt; .05).Conclusion:Parents of orthodontic patients demonstrated clear preferences for choosing a provider related to factors that are not within the control of the practitioner (sex and age) as well as factors that can be changed by the practitioner (attire, hairstyle, and wearing a nametag).
HbA1c and Lower-Extremity Amputation Risk in Low-Income Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Horswell Ronald , Wang Yujie , Johnson Jolene , Heymsfield Steven B. , Cefalu William T. , Ryan Donna H. , Hu Gang 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes confers a very high risk of lower-extremity amputation (LEA); however, few studies have assessed whether blood glucose control can reduce LEA risk among patients with diabetes, especially in practice settings where low-income patients predominate.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We performed a prospective cohort study (2000–2009) on patients with diabetes that included 19,808 African Americans and 15,560 whites. The cohort was followed though 31 May 2012. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of HbA1c with LEA risk.

RESULTS
During a mean follow-up of 6.83 years, 578 LEA incident cases were identified. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios of LEA associated with different levels of HbA1c at baseline (&lt;6.0% [reference group], 6.0–6.9, 7.0–7.9, 8.0–8.9, 9.0–9.9, and ≥10.0%) were 1.00, 1.73 (95% CI 1.07–2.80), 1.65 (0.99–2.77), 1.96 (1.14–3.36), 3.02 (1.81–5.04), and 3.30 (2.10–5.20) (P trend &lt;0.001) for African American patients with diabetes and 1.00, 1.16 (0.66–2.02), 2.28 (1.35–3.85), 2.38 (1.36–4.18), 2.99 (1.71–5.22), and 3.25 (1.98–5.33) (P trend &lt;0.001) for white patients with diabetes, respectively. The graded positive association of HbA1c during follow-up with LEA risk was observed among both African American and white patients with diabetes (all P trend &lt;0.001). With stratification by sex, age, smoking status, blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, BMI, use of glucose-lowering agents, and income, this graded association of HbA1c with LEA was still present.

CONCLUSIONS
The current study conducted in a low-income population suggests a graded association between HbA1c and the risk of LEA among both African American and white patients with type 2 diabetes.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Tahrani Abd A. , Ali Asad , Raymond Neil T. , Begum Safia , Dubb Kiran , Altaf Quratul-ain , Piya Milan K. , Barnett Anthony H. , Stevens Martin J. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in type 2 diabetes and increases oxidative stress. Hence, OSA could promote the development and progression of DN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a cohort study in adults with type 2 diabetes. Patients with known OSA or ESRD were excluded. DN was defined as the presence of albuminuria or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2. DN progression was based on eGFR measurements. OSA was defined as apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events/h. Serum nitrotyrosine abundance (a marker of nitrosative stress) was measured by ELISA.

RESULTS
A total of 224 patients were included. OSA and DN prevalence was 64.3 and 40.2, respectively. DN prevalence was higher in patients with OSA (OSA+) compared with those without OSA (OSA−) (49.3% vs. 23.8%, P &lt; 0.001). After adjustment, OSA (odds ratio 2.64 [95% CI 1.13–6.16], P = 0.02) remained independently associated with DN. After an average follow-up of 2.5 (0.7) years, eGFR decline was greater in OSA+ compared with OSA− patients (median −6.8% [interquartile range −16.1 to 2.2] vs. −1.6% [−7.7 to 5.3%], P = 0.002). After adjusting, both baseline OSA (B = −3.8, P = 0.044) and AHI (B = −4.6, P = 0.02) remained independent predictors of study-end eGFR. Baseline serum nitrotyrosine abundance (B = −0.24, P = 0.015) was an independent predictor of study-end eGFR after adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS
OSA is independently associated with DN in type 2 diabetes. eGFR declined faster in patients with OSA. Nitrosative stress may provide a pathogenetic link between OSA and DN. Interventional studies assessing the impact of OSA treatment on DN are needed.
Prediction of Diabetes Based on Baseline Metabolic Characteristics in Individuals at High Risk
Authors: DeFronzo Ralph A. , Tripathy Devjit , Schwenke Dawn C. , Banerji MaryAnn , Bray George A. , Buchanan Thomas A. , Clement Stephen C. , Henry Robert R. , Kitabchi Abbas E. , Mudaliar Sunder , Ratner Robert E. , Stentz Frankie B. , Musi Nicolas , Reaven Peter D. , Gastaldelli Amalia ,   for the ACT NOW Study
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined which characteristics at baseline predicted the development of T2DM versus maintenance of IGT or conversion to normal glucose tolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 228 subjects at high risk with IGT who received treatment with placebo in ACT NOW and who underwent baseline anthropometric measures and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 2.4 years.

RESULTS
In a univariate analysis, 45 of 228 (19.7%) IGT individuals developed diabetes. After adjusting for age, sex, and center, increased fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, ∆G0–120 during OGTT, HbA1c, adipocyte insulin resistance index, ln fasting plasma insulin, and ln ∆I0–120, as well as family history of diabetes and presence of metabolic syndrome, were associated with increased risk of diabetes. At baseline, higher insulin secretion (ln [∆I0–120/∆G0–120]) during the OGTT was associated with decreased risk of diabetes. Higher β-cell function (insulin secretion/insulin resistance or disposition index; ln [∆I0–120/∆G0–120 × Matsuda index of insulin sensitivity]; odds ratio 0.11; P &lt; 0.0001) was the variable most closely associated with reduced risk of diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
In a stepwise multiple-variable analysis, only HbA1c and β-cell function (ln insulin secretion/insulin resistance index) predicted the development of diabetes (r = 0.49; P &lt; 0.0001).
Impact of Glucose Tolerance Status, Sex, and Body Size on Glucose Absorption Patterns During OGTTs
Authors: Færch Kristine , Pacini Giovanni , Nolan John J. , Hansen Torben , Tura Andrea , Vistisen Dorte 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVEWe studied whether patterns of glucose absorption during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were abnormal in individuals with impaired glucose regulation and whether they were related to sex and body size (height and fat-free mass). We also examined how well differences in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function measured by gold-standard tests were reflected in the corresponding OGTT-derived estimates.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWith validated methods, various aspects of glucose absorption were estimated from 12-point, 3-h, 75-g OGTTs in 66 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), isolated impaired fasting glucose (i-IFG), or isolated impaired glucose tolerance (i-IGT). Insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were measured with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp and intravenous glucose tolerance tests, respectively. Surrogate markers of both conditions were calculated from OGTTs.RESULTSMore rapid glucose absorption (P ≤ 0.036) and reduced late glucose absorption (P ≤ 0.039) were observed in the i-IFG group relative to NGT and i-IGT groups. Women with i-IGT had a lower early glucose absorption than did men with i-IGT (P = 0.041); however, this difference did not persist when differences in body size were taken into account (P &gt; 0.28). Faster glucose absorption was related to higher fasting (P = 0.001) and lower 2-h (P = 0.001) glucose levels and to greater height and fat-free mass (P &lt; 0.001). All OGTT-derived measures of insulin sensitivity, but only one of three measures of β-cell function, reflected the differences for these parameters between those with normal and impaired glucose regulation as measured by gold-standard tests.CONCLUSIONSGlucose absorption patterns during an OGTT are significantly related to plasma glucose levels and body size, which should be taken into account when estimating β-cell function from OGTTs in epidemiological studies.