bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walking speed is associated with self‐perceived hearing handicap in high‐functioning older adults: The Fujiwara‐kyo study
Authors: Tomioka Kimiko , Harano Akihiro , Hazaki Kan , Morikawa Masayuki , Iwamoto Junko , Saeki Keigo , Okamoto Nozomi , Kurumatani Norio 
Published: January 2015

AimThe present study investigated whether physical performance and musculoskeletal pain (MSP) are associated with self‐perceived hearing handicap (HH) among high‐functioning older adults.MethodsWe analyzed a total of 3982 community‐dwelling high‐functioning older adults (age 65 years and older). HH was assessed using the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly‐Screening. Self‐reported hearing impairment (HI) was evaluated using a single question. We measured handgrip strength, walking speed (WS) and standing balance for assessments of physical performance. The severity of MSP assessed by interviews took into account its duration, limitation of daily activity and frequency.ResultsThe prevalence of HH and HI in our sample was 22.2% and 28.1%, respectively. After adjusting for other two physical performance measures, MSP, sex, age, education, marital status, risk factors for hearing loss, instrumental activity of daily living, depression, cognitive function and self‐reported HI, the odds ratios for HH in the second fastest, the second slowest, and the slowest WS quartile were 1.14 (95% CI = 0.81–1.58), 1.29 (95% CI = 0.92–1.79), and 1.58 (95% CI = 1.11–2.23), respectively, compared with the fastest WS quartile. A significant dose–response relationship was found between slower WS and HH (P for trend = 0.01). No significant association with HH was found in handgrip strength, standing balance and MSP.ConclusionWS is associated with self‐perceived HH in high‐functioning older adults. The present study suggests that exercise programs to improve walking ability might be effective in preventing HH of self‐sustainable older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 745–754.
Comparison of two negative pressure systems and syringe irrigation for root canal irrigation: an ex vivo study
Authors: Adorno C. G. , Fretes V. R. , Ortiz C. P. , Mereles R. , Sosa V. , Yubero M. F. , Escobar P. M. , Heilborn C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimTo compare in a laboratory study two negative pressure systems and syringe irrigation, regarding the delivery of a contrast solution (CS) to working length (WL) and into simulated lateral canals and the effective volume of irrigant aspirated during negative pressure irrigation.MethodologyTwenty single‐canaled incisor training models were constructed with six simulated lateral canals each (2, 4 and 6 mm to WL) and a size 40, 0.04 taper apical size canal. Each model underwent all irrigation procedures (EndoVac at WL (EndoVac‐0) and WL–2 mm (EndoVac‐2), iNP needle with negative pressure (iNPn) and syringe irrigation with the iNP needle (iNPs) and a 30‐G side‐slot needle placed at WL (SI0) and WL–2 (SI2) mm in a crossover design. CS was delivered at 4 mL min−1 for 60 s with a peristaltic pump and a recovery device collected the volume (in mL) of irrigant suctioned by the negative pressure groups. The irrigation procedures were digitally recorded, and a still image of the 60‐s time‐point of irrigation was evaluated for CS distance to WL (in millimetres) after irrigation and penetration into lateral canals (3‐point scale). Statistical tests used were Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's test.ResultsEndoVac‐0, iNPn and iNPs had median distances of CS to WL of 0 mm, followed by SI0 (0.2 mm), SI2 (0.7 mm) and EndoVac‐2 (1.7 mm). There were no significant differences between EndoVac‐0, iNPn, iNPs and SI0, but these were significantly different to SI2 and EndoVac‐2 (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the volume of CS delivered by syringe irrigation and that collected by iNPn (4 mL), but these were significantly greater than EndoVac‐0 (2.8 mL, P < 0.001) and EndoVac‐2 (2.85 mL, P < 0.001), which were not different to each other (P = 1.0). The irrigation procedures were ineffective at penetration into lateral canals.ConclusioniNPn, EndoVac‐0, iNPs and SI0 achieved greater irrigant penetration to WL. iNPn was able to collect a median volume of CS (4 mL) similar to that delivered by syringe irrigation (iNPp, SI0 and SI2). An adequate irrigant penetration into lateral canals could not be achieved by any of the systems.
A review of instrumentation kinematics of engine‐driven nickel–titanium instruments
Authors: Çapar I. D. , Arslan H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOver the years, NiTi alloys have become indispensable materials in endodontic treatment. With technological advancements in metallurgy, manufacturers have attempted to produce instruments with enhanced features. In parallel with these developments, endodontic motors have undergone improvements in terms of torque control and kinematics that are adjustable in different directions. This review presents an overview of the advancements in instrumentation kinematics and the effect of instrumentation kinematics on root canal shaping procedures and instrument performance. The literature search for this narrative review was conducted in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science using the keywords ‘kinematics and endodontics’ and ‘reciprocation and endodontics’. In addition, historical literature was searched using the keyword ‘nickel–titanium and endodontics’. Overall, 143 articles were included up to 2015.
Universal Development and L1–L2 Convergence in Bilingual Construal of Manner in Speech and Gesture in Mandarin, Japanese, and English
Authors: Brown Amanda 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis article investigates bilingual versus monolingual construal of manner of motion in speech and gesture across three languages—Mandarin, Japanese, and English—argued to be typologically distinct in speech and co‐speech gesture (Brown & Chen, 2013; McNeill, 2001; Slobin, 2004b; Talmy, 1991). Narrative descriptions of motion were elicited in the L1 and L2 from bilingual Mandarin–English (n = 12) and Japanese–English (n = 15) speakers at an intermediate, CEFR–B level of L2 proficiency, and from monolingual speakers of Mandarin (n = 14), Japanese (n = 16), and English (n = 13). Results revealed that encoding of manner in L2 speech is characterized by universal features of development, while construal of manner in gesture is characterized by bidirectional interactions between properties of the source and target languages involved, yielding a convergence between the L1 and L2, specifically in the use of manner‐highlighting gestures. The study supports growing evidence of the complex inter‐relationships between the L1 and L2, the need for a reconceptualization of what constitutes target‐like performance in the L2, and the complementary use of gesture analysis, which may provide a wider lens through which the relationships between languages in the bilingual mind may be observed.
Driving Along the Road or Heading for the Village? Conceptual Differences Underlying Motion Event Encoding in French, German, and French–German L2 Users
Authors: Flecken Monique , Carroll Mary , Weimar Katja , Von Stutterheim Christiane 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe typological contrast between verb‐ and satellite‐framed languages (Talmy, 1985) has set the basis for many empirical studies on L2 acquisition. The current analysis goes beyond this typology by looking in detail at the conceptualization of the path of motion in a motion event. We take as a starting point the cognitive salience of specific elements of motion events that are relevant when conceptualizing space. When expressing direction in French, specific spatial relations involving the entity in motion (its alignment and its distance toward a [potential] endpoint) are relevant, given a variety of path verbs in the lexicon expressing this information (e.g., se diriger vers, avancer ‘to direct oneself toward,’ ‘to advance’). This is not the case in German (manner verbs in the lexicon mainly). In German, spatial information is packaged in adjuncts and particles and the path of motion is typically structured via features of the ground (entlanglaufen/fahren ‘to walk/drive along’) or endpoints (‘to walk/drive to/toward’). We investigate those fundamental differences in spatial conceptualization in French and German, as reflected in pre‐articulatory patterns of attention allocation (measured with eye tracking) to moving entities and endpoints in motion scenes in an event description task. Our focus is on spatial conceptualization in an L2 (French L2 users of German), analyzing the extent to which these L2 users display target‐like patterns or traces of L1 conceptualization transfer.Findings show that, in line with directional concepts expressed in verbs, L1 French speakers allocate more attention to entities in motion and endpoints, before utterance onset, than L1 German speakers do. The L2 German speakers pattern with L1 German speakers in the use of manner verbs, but they have not fully acquired the spatial concepts and means that structure the path of motion in the L2. This is reflected in pre‐articulatory attention allocation patterns, according to which the L2 speakers pattern with native speakers of their L1 (French). The findings show a continued deep entrenchment of L1‐based processing patterns and spatial frames of reference when speakers prepare for speech in an L2.
Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis
Authors: Vignjevic M. , Wang X. , Olesen J. E. , Wollenweber B. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHeat stress resulting from climate change and more frequent weather extremes is expected to negatively affect wheat yield. We evaluated the response of different spring wheat cultivars to a post‐anthesis high temperature episode and studied the relationship between different traits associated with heat tolerance. Fifteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in pots under semifield conditions, and heat stress (35/26 °C) and control treatments (20/12 °C) were applied in growth chambers for 5 days starting 14 days after flowering. The heat stress treatment reduced final yield in all cultivars. Significant variation was observed among cultivars in the reduction in average grain weight and grain dry matter yield under heat stress (up to 36 % and 45 %, respectively). The duration of the grain‐filling period was reduced by 3–12 days by the heat treatment. The reduction in the grain‐filling period was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen yield (r = −0.60). A positive correlation (r = 0.73) was found between the treatment effect on green leaf area (GLA) and the reduction in yield resulting from heat stress. The amount of stem water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was not related to treatment effects on grain yield or grain weight. However, the treatment effect on stem WSC remobilization was negatively correlated with reduction in grain‐filling duration due to heat stress (r = −0.74) and positively with treatment effect on grain N yield (r = 0.52). The results suggest that the effect of the heat treatment on GLA was the trait most associated with yield reduction in all cultivars. These findings suggest the importance of ‘stay green’‐associated traits in plant breeding as well as the need for better modelling of GLA in crop models, especially with respect to brief heat episodes during grain filling. There is in particular a need to model how heat and other stresses, including interacting effects of heat and drought, affect duration of GLA after flowering and how this affects source–sink relations during grain filling.
MicroRNA‐30d and microRNA‐181a regulate HOXA11 expression in the uterosacral ligaments and are overexpressed in pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Jeon Myung Jae , Kim Eun Jae , Lee Maria , Kim Hoguen , Choi Jong Rak , Chae Hee Dong , Moon Yeo Jung , Kim Sei Kwang , Bai Sang Wook 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe balanced turnover of collagen is necessary to maintain the mechanical strength of pelvic supportive connective tissues. Homeobox (HOX) A11 is a key transcriptional factor that controls collagen metabolism and homoeostasis in the uterosacral ligaments (USLs), and the deficient HOXA11 signalling may contribute to alterations in the biochemical strength of the USLs, leading to pelvic organ prolapse (POP). However, it is unknown how HOXA11 transcripts are regulated in the USLs. In this study, we found that microRNA (miRNA)‐30d and 181a were overexpressed in women with POP, and their expression was inversely correlated with HOXA11 mRNA levels. The overexpression of miR‐30d or 181a suppressed HOXA11 mRNA and protein levels in 293T cells, whereas the knockdown of these miRNAs enhanced HOXA11 levels and collagen production. Cotransfection of a luciferase reporter plasmid containing the 3′‐untranslated region of HOXA11 with miR‐30d or 181a mimic resulted in decreased relative luciferase activity. Conversely, cotransfection with anti‐miR‐30d or 181a increased luciferase activity. Taken together, these results indicate that both miR‐30d and 181a are important posttranscriptional regulators of HOXA11 in the USLs and could be a potential therapeutic target for POP.
Principles in prevention of periodontal diseases
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Eickholz Peter , Loos Bruno G. , Papapanou Panos , van der Velden Ubele , Armitage Gary , Bouchard Philippe , Deinzer Renate , Dietrich Thomas , Hughes Frances , Kocher Thomas , Lang Niklaus P. , Lopez Rodrigo , Needleman Ian , Newton Tim , Nibali Luigi , Pretzl Bernadette , Ramseier Christoph , Sanz‐Sanchez Ignacio , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Suvan Jean E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsIn spite of the remarkable success of current preventive efforts, periodontitis remains one of the most prevalent diseases of mankind. The objective of this workshop was to review critical scientific evidence and develop recommendations to improve: (i) plaque control at the individual and population level (oral hygiene), (ii) control of risk factors, and (iii) delivery of preventive professional interventions.MethodsDiscussions were informed by four systematic reviews covering aspects of professional mechanical plaque control, behavioural change interventions to improve self‐performed oral hygiene and to control risk factors, and assessment of the risk profile of the individual patient. Recommendations were developed and graded using a modification of the GRADE system using evidence from the systematic reviews and expert opinion.ResultsKey messages included: (i) an appropriate periodontal diagnosis is needed before submission of individuals to professional preventive measures and determines the selection of the type of preventive care; (ii) preventive measures are not sufficient for treatment of periodontitis; (iii) repeated and individualized oral hygiene instruction and professional mechanical plaque (and calculus) removal are important components of preventive programs; (iv) behavioural interventions to improve individual oral hygiene need to set specific Goals, incorporate Planning and Self monitoring (GPS approach); (v) brief interventions for risk factor control are key components of primary and secondary periodontal prevention; (vi) the Ask, Advise, Refer (AAR) approach is the minimum standard to be used in dental settings for all subjects consuming tobacco; (vii) validated periodontal risk assessment tools stratify patients in terms of risk of disease progression and tooth loss.ConclusionsConsensus was reached on specific recommendations for the public, individual dental patients and oral health care professionals with regard to best action to improve efficacy of primary and secondary preventive measures. Some have implications for public health officials, payers and educators.
Fitness costs of resistance to Cry3Bb1 maize by western corn rootworm
Authors: Hoffmann A. M. , French B. W. , Hellmich R. L. , Lauter N. , Gassmann A. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCrops producing toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely planted to manage insect pests including western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), which is a significant pest of maize in the United States and Europe. However, the widespread use of Bt maize places intense selection pressure on pest populations to evolve resistance, and field‐evolved resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm has been documented in the United States. In conjunction with non‐Bt refuges, fitness costs of Bt resistance can delay resistance evolution. Fitness costs arise in the absence of Bt toxin when individuals with resistance alleles have lower fitness than Bt‐susceptible genotypes. We quantified the level of resistance and fitness costs of resistance for a strain of western corn rootworm with laboratory‐selected resistance to transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) producing Bt toxin Cry3Bb1. Survival to adulthood on Cry3Bb1 maize was more than twofold higher for resistant insects vs. susceptible insects, which is similar to the magnitude of resistance first observed in the field. Fitness costs were measured in two experiments; the first used maize hybrids and the second used inbred lines. The experiment with maize hybrids compared resistant and susceptible strains while the experiment with maize inbreds compared resistant, susceptible and heterozygous genotypes. The only non‐recessive fitness cost detected (i.e. cost affecting heterozygotes) was for adult size. Recessive fitness costs (i.e. costs affecting the resistant strain) were observed for developmental rate, female survival and egg viability. However, when reared on non‐Bt maize, the resistant strain also displayed higher fecundity, higher survival for males and greater adult longevity compared to the susceptible strain. These results suggest that resistance to Bt maize by western corn rootworm may not impose substantial fitness costs, and consequently, may evolve quickly and persist once present.
Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against a late gene encoded by grouper iridovirus 64L
Authors: Chen Z‐Y , Chiou P P , Liou C‐J , Lai Y‐S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractViral envelope proteins play important roles in viral infection and assembly. The grouper iridovirus ORF 64L (GIV‐64L) was predicted to encode an envelope protein and was conserved in all sequenced Ranaviruses. In this study, the complete nucleotide sequence of the GIV‐64L gene (1215 bp) was cloned into the isopropyl β‐D‐1‐thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction prokaryotic expression vector pET23a. The approximately 50.2 kDa recombinant GIV‐64L‐His protein was induced, purified and used as an immunogen to immunize BALB/c mice. Three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), all IgG1 class antibodies against GIV‐64L protein, were produced by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed GIV‐64L to be a late gene when expressed in grouper kidney cells during GIV infection with cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis) or cytosine arabinoside (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) present. Finally, one of the established mAbs, GIV‐64L‐mAb‐17, was used in Western blotting and an immunofluorescence assay, which showed that GIV‐64L protein was expressed at 24 h post‐infection and localized only in the cytoplasm in GIV‐infected cells, packed into a whole virus particle. The presently characterized GIV‐64L mAbs should have widespread applications in GIV immunodiagnostics and other research, and these results should offer important insights into the pathogenesis of GIV.
Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV‐1 μVar in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) of the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO world heritage site
Authors: Gittenberger A , Voorbergen‐Laarman M A , Engelsma M Y 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Wadden Sea is an extensive wetland area, recognized as UNESCO world heritage site of international importance. Since the mid‐1990s, the invasive Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793) population in the area has grown exponentially, having a distinct impact on the ecosystem. The recent spread of the emerging oyster pathogen Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV‐1 μVar worldwide and specifically in the oyster culture areas in the south of the Netherlands raised the question whether the virus may also be present in the Wadden Sea. In the summer of 2012 juvenile Pacific oysters were collected from five locations in the Dutch Wadden Sea. The virus was shown to be present in three of the five locations by real‐time PCR and sequencing. It was concluded that OsHV‐1 μVar has settled itself in Pacific oyster reefs in the Wadden Sea. These results and the recent discoveries of OsHV‐1 microvariants in Australia and Korea indicate that OsHV‐1 μVar and related variants might be more widespread than can be deduced from current literature. In particular in regions with no commercial oyster culture, similar to the Wadden Sea, the virus may go undetected as wild beds with mixed age classes hamper the detection of mortality among juvenile oysters.
Differential viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype IVb infection in fin fibroblast and epithelial cell lines from walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), at cold temperatures
Authors: Vo N T K , Bender A W , Lumsden J S , Dixon B , Bols N C 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA cell line, WE‐cfin11e, with an epithelial‐like morphology was developed from a caudal fin of walleye, Sander vitreus (Mitchill), characterized as distinct from the established walleye caudal fin fibroblast‐like cell line, WE‐cfin11f, and compared with WE‐cfin11f for susceptibility to VHSV IVb. Immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to localize the intermediate filament protein, vimentin, the tight junction protein, zonula occludens‐1 (ZO‐1), the extracellular matrix protein, collagen I, and the viral protein, G. Although both cell lines contained vimentin, only WE‐cfin11e stained for ZO‐1 and only WE‐cfin11f stained for collagen I. Ascorbic acid increased the accumulation of collagen I and caused the appearance of collagen fibres only in WE‐cfin11f cultures. At 14 °C, both cell lines produced VHSV IVb, but the infection developed more rapidly in WE‐cfin11f. At 4 °C, both cell lines became infected with VHSV IVb as judged by the expression of viral proteins, N and G, but only WE‐cfin11f produced virus. The results suggest that cold temperatures can modulate viral tropism.
Explaining differences in flood management approaches in Europe and in the USA – a comparative analysis
Authors: Bubeck P. , Kreibich H. , Penning‐Rowsell E.C. , Botzen W.J.W. , de Moel H. , Klijn F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFlood risk management in Europe and worldwide is not static but constantly in a state of flux. There has been a trend towards more integrated flood risk management in many countries. However, the initial situation and the pace and direction of change is very different in the various countries. In this paper, we will present a conceptual framework that seeks to explain why countries opt for different flood risk management portfolios. The developed framework utilises insights from a range of policy science concepts in an integrated way and considers, among others, factors such as geographical characteristics, the experience with flood disasters, as well as human behavioural aspects.