bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Evolution of Industrial Symbiosis Research
Authors: Yu Chang , Davis Chris , Dijkema Gerard P.J. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThis study analyzes the evolution of the research field of industrial symbiosis (IS). We elucidate its embedding in industrial ecology (IE), trace the development of research themes, and reveal the evolution of the research network through analysis of the core literature and journals that appeared from 1997 to 2012 by citation analysis, cocitation analysis, and network analysis.In the first period (1997–2005), IS research held a minority share in the IE literature. The research revolved around the concept of IS, the assessment of eco‐industrial park projects, and the establishment of waste treatment and recycling networks. In the second period (2006–2012), diverse research approaches and theories enriched the field, which has led to a maturation in theory building. Our findings clearly illustrate that IS evolved from practice‐oriented research toward coherent theory building through a systematic underpinning and linking of diverse topics. As scientific attention shifted from exploring a phenomenon to elucidating underlying mechanisms, IS knowledge found worldwide practical implementation. The coauthorship network shows that the academic communities of IS are distributed worldwide and that international collaboration is widespread.Through bibliometric and network analysis of IS, we have created a systemic, quantitative image of the evolution of the IS research field and community, which gives IS researchers an underpinned overview of the IS research and may help them to identify new directions and synergy in worldwide research.
Exercise reduced inflammation: but for how long after training?
Authors: Rosety‐Rodriguez M. , Diaz A. J. , Rosety I. , Rosety M. A. , Camacho A. , Fornieles G. , Rosety M. , Ordonez F. J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported that obese people with trisomy 21 suffer from low‐grade systemic inflammation. A recent study has found that aerobic training reduced inflammation in obese women with Down syndrome. To the best of our knowledge, the study reported in this paper is the first to determine for how long these effects were maintained after completion of the programme.MethodsTwenty premenopausal obese women (18–30 years old) with Down syndrome volunteered for this study. Eleven were randomly assigned to the intervention group and performed a 10‐week aerobic training programme, 3 sessions per week, consisting of warming‐up followed by treadmill exercise (30–40 min) at a work intensity of 55–65% of peak heart rate and a cooling‐down period. The control group included 9, age, sex and BMI matched women with Down syndrome that did not perform any training programme. Fat mass percentage and distribution were measured. Plasma level of IL‐6 and high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were monitored. Time‐course changes for these outcomes were assessed at pre‐ and post‐intervention. Further, they were re‐evaluated at 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of the programme.ResultsThree months after completion of the programme, plasma levels of IL‐6 and hs‐CRP were significantly increased. Up to 6 months later, both fat mass percentage and waist circumference (WC) were significantly increased. Furthermore, physical fitness was also impaired in the intervention group. No changes were observed in the control group.ConclusionA 3‐month detraining period significantly impaired chronic inflammation in obese women with DS.
Dialogue, Linguistic Hinges and Semantic Barriers: Social Psychological Uses and Functions of a Vulgar Term
Authors: Sammut Gordon , Clark Marilyn , Kissaun Greta Darmanin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe present paper reports a study of conversational acts in dialogical interaction. Conversation in which the use of a vulgar term [à la bieb żobbi] in the Maltese language was used was recorded and analysed for the present purpose. The term is demonstrated to serve social psychological functions. We documented three modes governing its use in conversation, that is, (a) as a personality descriptor, (b) as a strategy for shutting down an alternative view, and (c) as a strategy for shifting dialogue to more neutral and less threatening grounds for the subject. We further document a number of modalities that govern justifications for using the vulgar term in conversation. We argue that the use of vulgarity can serve to achieve semantic barriers in dialogue and that these apply to internal conversations as much as they do to dialogical engagement with another. We further argue that semantic barriers can be overcome in ways that shift conversation to less threatening grounds.
Examining Systems of Influence and Breaking Methodological Barriers to Create Usable Knowledge
Authors: Rappolt‐Schlichtmann Gabrielle , Watamura Sarah E. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe goal of this special section of Mind, Brain, and Education is to provide a platform on which practical insight can be gained from new empirical research on hormones and behavior in development. In this second installment we highlight two articles and a commentary, which broaden our focus beyond cortisol and stress system functioning to other hormone systems and tackle some of the methodological barriers to making research–practice connections in this domain. Articles specifically look at biology by environment interactions and offer nuanced procedures for hormone collection so as to allow for investigation into the day‐to‐day and even within day dynamic functioning of targeted systems.
Effects of ambroxol on Candida albicans growth and biofilm formation
Authors: Rene Hernandez‐Delgadillo , José Martínez‐Sanmiguel Juan , Isela Sánchez‐Nájera Rosa , Claudio Cabral‐Romero 
Published: November 2013

SummaryTypically, the onset of candidiasis is characterised by the appearance of a biofilm of Candida albicans, which is associated with several diseases including oral candidiasis in young and elderly people. The objective of this work was to investigate the in vitro fungicidal activity as well as the antibiofilm activity of ambroxol (AMB) against C. albicans growth. In the present investigation, the fungicidal activity of AMB was established using the cell viability 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMB required to inhibit the fungal growth was determined. Simultaneously, the antibiofilm activity of AMB was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. The study revealed that 2 mg ml−1 of AMB exhibited higher fungicidal activity than 3.3 mg ml−1 of terbinafine, one of most common commercial antifungals. A MIC of 1 mg ml−1 was determined for AMB to interfere with C. albicans growth. Furthermore, AMB was found to be effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of C. albicans and exerted its fungicidal activity against the fungal cells interspersed in the preformed biofilm. The study suggests a potential role of the mucolytic agent, AMB, as an interesting therapeutic alternative in the treatment of oral candidiasis.
Evaluation of Time Course and Predicting Factors of Progression of Paroxysmal or Persistent Atrial Fibrillation to Permanent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: DE SISTI ANTONIO , LECLERCQ JEAN F. , HALIMI FRANCK , FIORELLO PIERRE , BERTRAND CATHY , ATTUEL PATRICK 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundTo evaluate time course and predictors of progression of paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) to permanent AF.Methods and ResultsWe included 460 patients referred for paroxysmal (n = 337) or persistent (n = 123) AF between 1994 and 2012. Mean follow‐up was 13.2 ± 6.5 years. AF progression rate was 3.7% per year, 19.7% at 5 years, and 38.1% at 10 years. Lone AF was diagnosed in 217 patients (47%). Predictors of permanent AF were: age, persistent AF, left atrial (LA) size, left ventricular‐fractional shortening (LV‐FS), lack of antiarrhythmic (AA) drugs, VVI pacing (P < 0.001 for all), and valvular disease (P < 0.02). Independent predictors were age (P < 0.001), persistent AF (P < 0.001), LA diameter (P < 0.005), lack of AA drugs (P < 0.005), and VVI pacing (P < 0.01). When adjusted at means of covariates, persistent AF and age >75 years remained highly significant (P < 0.01). LA dimension >50 mm was highly significant at univariate model (P < 0.001) but to a lesser extent when adjusted (P < 0.05). In patients with paroxysmal AF—with age <75 years—on AA drugs, progression rate to permanent AF was 6.5% at 5 years and 23.7% at 10 years. Among four predictors (age, LA size, LV‐FS, and VVI pacing), only age (P < 0.01) and LA size (P < 0.005) remained independently significant, but LA size was not significant when adjusted.ConclusionsProgression to permanent AF is a slow process. Aging, LA size, VVI pacing, lack of AA therapy, and a persistent form of AF independently increased the progression to permanent AF.
The effects of rejuvenation during hypothermic storage on red blood cell membrane remodeling
Authors: Kurach Jayme D.R. , Almizraq Ruqayyah , Bicalho Beatriz , Acker Jason P. , Holovati Jelena L. 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundOur previous studies showed that hypothermic storage (HS) induces red blood cell (RBC) microparticle (RMP) generation and changes in phosphatidylserine (PS) and CD47 expression on RBCs and RMPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cold rejuvenation treatment at multiple time points during storage on these prehemolytic indicators of RBC membrane storage lesion.Study Design and MethodsLeukoreduced RBC units in saline‐adenine‐glucose‐mannitol were used to generate three groups: untreated controls, sham‐treated units, and units treated with a cold (1‐6°C) rejuvenation solution on Day 28, 35, or 42 of HS. Units were assessed for hemolysis, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, lipid composition, and RMP generation, as well as PS and CD47 expression throughout 49 days of HS.ResultsRejuvenation treatment led to a significant increase in ATP concentration in all units, irrespective of treatment day. There were no significant differences between sham‐ and rejuvenation‐treated RBC samples in the levels of PS externalization, CD47 expression, or the rate of RMP formation. RBCs rejuvenated on Day 28 were enriched in glycerophosphocholine (+23.5%), depleted in sphingomyelin (−14%), and slightly depleted in cholesterol (−3.5%).ConclusionCold rejuvenation in hypothermically stored RBCs affects the lipid composition of RBCs and respective RMPs in a time‐dependent fashion.
Cerebral babesiosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome in a dog
Authors: Daste Thomas , Lucas Marie‐Noelle , Aumann Marcel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of cerebral babesiosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a dog.Case SummaryA 5‐year‐old male neutered Scottish Terrier was referred to the emergency department of the Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse for evaluation of progressive dyspnea and clinical signs suggestive of central neurological disease. Thoracic radiographs showed a diffuse and heavy interstitial/alveolar lung pattern. Babesiosis was diagnosed based on blood smear evaluation. The dog died of cardiopulmonary arrest 6 hours after presentation. Cerebral babesiosis and ARDS were confirmed at necropsy. Major pathological findings included erythrocyte aggregation in the lungs, liver, and brain.New or Unique Information ProvidedThis case report describes an unusual clinical presentation ofBabesia canis canisinfection, the most common species associated with babesiosis in Europe. In addition, this is to our knowledge the first case ofBabesia‐associated ARDS confirmed by histopathology in a dog.
The Effect of a Bend-Slot Casing Treatment on the Blade Tip Flow Field of a Transonic Compressor Rotor
Authors: Voges M. , Willert C. , Mönig R. , Schiffer H.-P. 
Published: November 2013

The application of casing treatments (CT) is an effective measure to increase the stable operating range of modern aero engine or gas turbine compressors. As the development and design process of optimized CT geometries is primarily based on numerical simulations, the need for accurate experimental flow field data for related code validation is increasing with the number of applications. While the stall margin enhancement and other stage characteristics can be verified using conventional measurement techniques such as pressure and temperature probes, a deeper insight to the aerodynamic effect of the CT on the rotor flow field can only be provided using non-intrusive, laser-based flow field diagnostics, given that optical access to the compressor stage can be established.
The investigation presented herein involved particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements at high spatial resolution in the blade tip region of the Darmstadt Transonic Compressor Rotor-1 under the influence of a bend-slot CT. Tangential PIV measurement planes were placed at 95% span as well as in the tip gap of the rotor. The investigation included operating conditions at the aerodynamic design point (peak efficiency) and near stall conditions at 100% rpm. Additional reference measurements were performed with the untreated, smooth casing. The experimental study was complimented by numerical simulations of the same compressor and CT geometry using the DLR TRACE code. Based on the combination of both, experimental and numerical flow field results, a detailed analysis of the shock structures and the tip clearance vortex under the influence of the CT was performed.
Under the influence of the CT, the fluid exchange between rotor passage and CT slots — driven by the pressure gradient over the blade tip and the leading edge bow shock, respectively — induces secondary flow structures in the tip vortex regime. At near stall conditions the periodical injection of energized fluid out of the CT cavities was identified to be one of the major effects stabilizing the tip clearance vortex and hence delaying the onset of rotating stall.
Development of Design Method for Supersonic Turbine Aerofoils Near the Tip of Long Blades in Steam Turbines: Part 2 — Configuration Details and Validation
Authors: Senoo Shigeki , Ono Hideki 
Published: November 2013

Both inflow and outflow velocities near the blade tip become supersonic when the blade length exceeds a threshold limit. The aerofoil near the tip of such a long blade has four features that demand an original supersonic turbine aerofoil design: supersonic flow in the entire field, high reaction, large stagger angle, and large pitch-to-chord ratio. This paper describes design method development for the supersonic turbine aerofoil.
First, the aerofoil shape is defined using a curve with continuity in the gradient of the curvature. Second, six loss generation mechanisms are clarified by turbulent flow analysis. Third, an allowable design space between the pitch-to-chord ratio, the stagger angle and the axial-chord-to-pitch ratio is clarified by formulating three geometrical constraints to accelerate supersonic flow smoothly. When there is no solution in the theoretically allowable design space because of the large pitch-to-chord ratio, methods to reduce shock wave losses are proposed. Increasing the outlet metal angle of the pressure surface by around 10 deg from the theoretical outlet flow angle reduces the loss caused by the trailing shock wave. The physical mechanism for this is as follows: the increased outlet metal angle increases the outlet flow passage area so that the overexpansion is suppressed downstream from the flow passage. Fourth, both a cusped leading edge and an upstream pressure surface which has both an angle corresponding to the inflow angle and near-zero curvature can reduce the loss caused by the leading shock wave and satisfy the unique incidence relation. Finally, the aerodynamic performance of the supersonic turbine cascade and the design method are validated by supersonic cascade wind tunnel tests.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Nozzle Length on the Performance of Low Mach Number Air-Air Ejector With Entraining Diffuser
Authors: Namet-Allah A. , Birk A. M. 
Published: November 2013

The core flow separation in air-air ejectors is significantly affected by the length of the exhaust nozzle. This length was changed by moving the annulus’ center body end 4, 7, and 12 cm upstream and 1 cm downstream of the nozzle inlet. The velocity profiles at the nozzle exit were measured at different mass flow rates and at 10, 20 and 30 degree swirl angles. These measurements were also conducted at two annulus’ center body end positions with elliptical and square shapes, 12 and 7 cm upstream of the nozzle inlet, using two nozzle exit diameters. At 4, 7, and 12 cm upstream and 1 cm downstream of the nozzle inlet, the ejector performance was also measured at ambient temperature and at different flow swirl angles. It was found that the square shape of the annulus’ center body decreased the size of the core flow separation behind the annulus center body compared with the elliptical shape by improving the flatness of the flow velocity at the nozzle exit under different mass flow rates, swirl angles, positions of the annulus’ center body, and nozzle exit diameters. It was seen that moving the end of the annular center body upstream has considerable effects on the size and nature of the core separation behind the annulus’ center body and consequently on the ejector performance.
At a zero swirl angle, the ejector pumping ratio slightly increased, decreased, and then increased again by moving the annulus’ center body from 12 cm to 7 cm upstream, from 7 cm to 4 cm upstream, and from 4 cm upstream to 1 cm downstream of the nozzle inlet respectively. These changes in the annulus’ center body position caused the back pressure coefficient to decrease, increase, and then increase again. The same trend in pumping ratio and back pressure was observed for both 10 and 20 degree flow swirl angle conditions when the annulus’ center body was moved as described.
The Development of a Hot Section Eddy Current Sensor for Turbine Tip Clearance Measurement
Authors: Chana K. S. , Cardwell M. T. , Sullivan J. S. 
Published: November 2013

Gas turbine efficiency can be improved with tighter turbine tip clearances. An approach being developed by engine manufacturers deploys active tip clearance monitoring where the turbine casing diameter is actively controlled in-service either mechanically or thermally. Typically current engines operate at about 1% clearance of blade span. With active control this could potentially be reduced significantly.
Ideally active tip clearance control requires closed loop feedback measurements to maintain very small clearances without the risk of blade tip contact with the casing liner. Therefore reliable and robust sensors systems are required that can operate at the elevated temperatures found in modern gas turbines. Currently there are limited sensor systems available that can operate at these temperatures and survive typical sensor life requirements of many thousands of hours.
This study details development of a high temperature eddy current sensor system for hot section applications. The investigation encompasses development and validation of an integrated sensor design to provide tip clearance measurements. The sensor is designed to withstand temperatures of order 1500 to 1600K. Test facilities used to validate the system include a RB168 Mk 101 Spey engine and a Rolls-Royce VIPER engine. The turbine casings of both engines were modified to fit sensors directly above the rotor. The accuracy of the system was validated in a high speed rotor test facility with engine representative blading. Accuracy of the eddy current sensor was compared and validated against a dynamic laser micrometer system.
Aerodynamic and Acoustic Optimization of Axial Fans for Locomotive Cooling Systems
Authors: Bamberger Konrad , Carolus Thomas , Mauch Uwe , Knirsch Sebastian 
Published: November 2013

The aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a locomotive cooling module is optimized by a new design strategy for the fan unit. The fan selection or development of the cooling modules is usually based on the specific design point but without consideration of installation effects.
The new approach considers the fan development in a more integrated manner. A simplified 1:4 model of the cooling system is constructed and used for system analysis, numerical flow simulations, and experimental validation. The subsequent fan and guide vane optimization is based on numerical simulations embedded in an optimization algorithm taking installation effects into account. The noise emitted by the fan is addressed by a smoothed inflow velocity profile, a new blade sweep strategy, the reduction of secondary flows, and the reduction of fan size and rotational speed.
The optimized fan unit is then integrated into the non-simplified full-scale system. Experiments reveal an energy saving of 20% and an overall sound power level reduction of 6 dB with even higher reduction of the tone at blade passing frequency.
All results are discussed with respect to transferability to other cooling modules. It is found that a set of general design recommendations originates from this work, whereas the optimization loops would need to be repeated for other cooling module types.
Rotating Stall Inception Inside the Low Pressure Compressor of a Twin-Spool Turbofan Engine
Authors: Stößel Marcel , Bindl Stefan , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: November 2013

In order to preserve fossil resources aviation industry faces major challenges to reduce engine fuel consumption. Therefore efforts are concentrated to increase efficiency of any engine component. Investigations at the Institute of Jet Propulsion at the University of Federal Armed Forces in Munich focus on the compressor module. Especially the compression system of a gas turbine is designed to operate at very high aerodynamic loads. This makes it one of the most critical components during transient engine operation or inlet flow distortion. Rotating stall and surge have to be avoided in any situation during engine operation. For this reason a detailed knowledge of the flow phenomena of the compressor in normal conditions as well as near the stability limit is essential. Often those research activities are carried out at compressor rigs but not in by utilizing real turbo engines.
As a research test vehicle at the Institute of Jet Propulsion the Larzac 04 C5 twin-spool turbofan engine is operated at the engine test facility. The gas turbine is equipped with additional instrumentation and control systems exceeding those of conventional engine monitoring systems by far. Especially a set of high frequency pressure transducers has been installed above the tip of the first stage of the low pressure compressor in order to investigate tip flow phenomena. Besides the information on the flow phenomena in the tip region of the compressor blades these signals can also be used to detect the upcoming of rotating stall precursors. A special algorithm which was developed at the institute is able to estimate the stall and to trigger an active countermeasure. This was demonstrated successfully for a wide range of operating points.
Stall inception in different speed ranges is crucial to be detected reliably. More than all high spool speeds challenge an active stabilization system. With the stall typically rising in time periods of less than three rotor revolutions, the requirements regarding high speed data processing are enormous. Since computer technology now provides systems, which are capable to handle such a task and still are compact and robust enough to be used in the rough environment of engine test beds, the challenge remains to set up fitting actuator systems. The test vehicle at the Institute of Jet Propulsion is therefore equipped with fast acting valves, which feed an injector casing mounted closely upstream of the low-pressure compressor. Test series have been performed, which proof the stabilizing capabilities of the entire system. Even at high spool speeds the stall was sufficiently suppressed and a stable operation of the engine was guaranteed.