bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caveolae, lipid droplets, and adipose tissue biology: pathophysiological aspects
Authors: Martin Sally 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells that function to store energy in the form of lipids, predominantly triglycerides (TGs), and as a regulatory system contributing to metabolic homoeostasis through the production and secretion of hormones and cytokines. The regulation of lipid homeostasis by adipose tissue is an important aspect of whole-body metabolism. Owing to the central nature of adipose tissue in lipid metabolism, dysregulation has wide-ranging effects, contributing to disorders as diverse as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Excess lipids are stored in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs). The surface of the lipid droplet can be considered a highly regulated membrane domain that both protects the contents of the LD from unregulated lipolysis and the cell from the cytotoxic effects of elevated free fatty acids. The surface of the LD is coated with a variety of regulatory proteins, either resident or transiently associated, including enzymes involved in the breakdown of TG, lipid transport proteins, and cofactors. Recent studies have begun to unravel the range of LD-associated proteins and to define their functional significance. Importantly, the involvement of LD proteins in pathophysiological disorders is beginning to be understood. This review will outline recent advances in defining the diversity of LD-associated proteins and their links to metabolic disorders including the integral membrane protein, caveolin-1 (CAV1). Analysis of the role of CAV1 in adipose tissue has highlighted the interconnectedness between the regulation of lipid storage and the function of the adipocyte plasma membrane.
The effects of the “physical BEMER® vascular therapy”, a method for the physical stimulation of the vasomotion of precapillary microvessels in case of impaired microcirculation, on sleep, pain and quality of life of patients with different clinical pictures on the basis of three scientifically validated scales
Authors: Bohn Wolfgang , Hess Lorenzo , Burger Ralph 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
As part of the statutory market monitoring of certified medical devices, 658 valid patient questionnaires were evaluated between April 2011 and March 2013. The questions consisted mainly of three scientifically recognized scales for assessing the changes of sleep, pain and quality of life in patients who had used the “physical BEMER® vascular therapy” for different diseases over 6 weeks. The result clearly shows that there are significant improvements in all areas surveyed through the application of this complementary treatment option, regardless of the underlying disease.
Screening of nanoparticle properties in microfluidic syntheses
Authors: Knauer Andrea , Koehler J. Michael 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe possible diversity of nanoparticles is extremely high. This variability corresponds to a huge potential of possible functions in future materials and nanotechnical devices. Apart from rational designs, there is an urgent need for screening strategies for specific nanoparticle properties. Miniaturized screening techniques are challenged for efficient screening procedures. The review gives an overview on the possibilities of tuning and screening of nanoparticle properties and focuses on the application of microfluidic techniques for nanoparticle synthesis. Furthermore, the variation of parameters during the generation of nanoparticles and its connection with the resulting nanoparticle properties are highlighted as well. Among other microfluidic techniques, microsegmented flow is particularly promising for the synthesis of different types of homogeneous nanoparticles and offers interesting approaches for the screening of process parameters and nanoparticle properties. The tuning of reactant concentrations in the micro-flow-through synthesis of nonspherical silver particles and gold/silver core/shell particles and their effects on the shape, size, and optical parameters of the formed nanoparticles are given as examples for the application of microsegmented flow in the screening of nanoparticle properties.
Endoscopic fluorescence visualization of 5-ALA photosensitized central nervous system tumors in the neural tissue transparency spectral range
Authors: Loshchenov Maxim , Zelenkov Petr , Potapov Aleksandr , Goryajnov Sergey , Borodkin Alexandr 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground:Fluorescence endoscopy systems for photosensitizer visualization have proved to be powerful tools for highlighting malignant tumor boundaries as well as detecting small, visually non-detectable, residual parts during photodynamic therapy. Most of these devices use excitation wavelengths in the blue visual spectrum range (405 nm) which limits the penetration depth in the tissue.Objective:In the study being presented in this article an apparatus and a method were developed for performing endoscopic fluorescence diagnostics of photosensitizer accumulation using excitation light in the red part of visual spectrum, i.e., 635 nm, which allows not only a deeper penetration of light into the tissue but also better scanning abilities and a higher diagnostic quality. Additionally, 635-nm radiation can penetrate thin layers of blood which appear during surgery.Material and methods:In order to use 635-nm excitation, a specially designed video endoscopy system was developed. The key feature of the video system is a dual camera video receiver where one sensitive B/W camera receives the fluorescence signal and a color camera receives the real-time image in natural colors during navigation. The software developed for the apparatus allows overlaying of the video output of fluorescence image on top of the conventional color image in real-time. The experimental setup and method were tested on Intralipid-based phantoms with protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) concentrations of 0.5–5 mg/kg, and then on two patients during surgery. The patients were administered 20 mg/kg 5-ALA photosensitizer 3 h before surgery according to standard practice of 5-ALA in neurosurgery.Results:The experiments demonstrate that the designed setup is sensitive enough for clear visualization of biological concentrations of PpIX in both phantoms with 0.5 mg/kg PpIX and previously photosensitized tissues of patients.Conclusion:Further prospective validation is needed to translate the results to clinical practice.
Guanosine Protects Neuronal PC12 Cells from Serum Deprivation-induced Cell Death
Authors: Thauerer Bettina , Baeumer Bastian E. , Fellner Lisa , Kuzdas Daniela , Ramberger Melanie , Baier-Bitterlich Gabriele 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Survival of neurons is dependent on the presence of trophic and non-trophic factors. Previous findings showed that purine nucleosides have the potential to rescue cells from hypoxia-induced cell death. Here we demonstrate that purine nucleoside guanosine can efficiently rescue neuronal PC12 cells from serum deprivation-induced cell death. By means of Hoechst/propidium iodide staining and fluorescence analysis a 31.1% decrease of cell death was detected. These data support current efforts to propagate purine nucleosides as neuroprotective and neuroregenerative substances.
Forecast densities for economic aggregates from disaggregate ensembles
Authors: Ravazzolo Francesco , Vahey Shaun P. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe extend the “bottom up” approach for forecasting economic aggregates with disaggregates to probability forecasting. Our methodology utilises a linear opinion pool to combine the forecast densities from many disaggregate forecasting specifications, using weights based on the continuous ranked probability score. We also adopt a post-processing step prior to forecast combination. These methods are adapted from the meteorology literature. In our application, we use our approach to forecast US Personal Consumption Expenditure inflation from 1990q1 to 2009q4. Our ensemble combining the evidence from 16 disaggregate PCE series outperforms an integrated moving average specification for aggregate inflation in terms of density forecasting.
Breaks, trends and unit roots in commodity prices: a robust investigation
Authors: Ghoshray Atanu , Kejriwal Mohitosh , Wohar Mark 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper empirically examines the time series behavior of primary commodity prices relative to manufactures with reference to the nature of their underlying trends and the persistence of shocks driving the price processes. The direction and magnitude of the trends are assessed employing a set of econometric techniques that is robust to the nature of persistence in the commodity price shocks, thereby obviating the need for unit root pretesting. Specifically, the methods allow consistent estimation of the number and location of structural breaks in the trend function as well as facilitate the distinction between trend breaks and pure level shifts. Further, a new set of powerful unit root tests is applied to determine whether the underlying commodity price series can be characterized as difference or trend stationary processes. These tests treat breaks under the unit root null and the trend stationary alternative in a symmetric fashion thereby alleviating the procedures from spurious rejection problems and low power issues that plague most existing procedures. Relative to the extant literature, we find more evidence in favor of trend stationarity suggesting that real commodity price shocks are primarily of a transitory nature. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications of our results.
Correcting Mucogingival Deformities at the Time of Extraction for a Future Implant Site: A Case Report
Authors: Gober Daniel D. , Vardar‐Sengul Saynur 
Published: August 2013

Introduction: Existing soft tissue deformities around a tooth planned for extraction and replacement with a dental implant may jeopardize the esthetic and physiologic outcome of any dental implant treatment. If soft tissue deformities can be prevented, minimized, or corrected at the time of tooth extraction for the future implant site and the adjacent teeth, more predictable outcomes with superior esthetics and health can be accomplished along with fewer surgical visits.Case Presentation: This case report describes a patient who presented with mucogingival deformities around a tooth scheduled for extraction and subsequent implant placement. The adjacent tooth also presented with similar characteristics. Surgical modifications and refinements were used by performing an epithelialized free gingival graft (E‐FGG) at the time of tooth extraction to enhance the tissue quality of the future implant site and its neighboring tooth.Conclusion: The identification of inadequate attached gingiva in the area of future implant placement and neighboring teeth in the treatment planning phase can enable clinicians to address any mucogingival deformities with E‐FGGs at the time of extraction without subjecting the patient to any additional surgical visits and healing time.
Effect of cyclical forces on the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Kalajzic Zana , Peluso Elizabeth Blake , Utreja Achint , Dyment Nathaniel , Nihara Jun , Xu Manshan , Chen Jing , Uribe Flavio , Wadhwa Sunil 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the effect of externally applied cyclical (vibratory) forces on the rate of tooth movement, the structural integrity of the periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone remodeling.

Methods:
Twenty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats (7 weeks old) were divided into four groups: CTRL (unloaded), VBO (molars receiving a vibratory stimulus only), TMO (molars receiving an orthodontic spring only), and TMO+VB (molars receiving an orthodontic spring and the additional vibratory stimulus). In TMO and TMO+VB groups, the rat first molars were moved mesially for 2 weeks using Nickel-Titanium coil spring delivering 25 g of force. In VBO and TMO+VB groups, cyclical forces at 0.4 N and 30 Hz were applied occlusally twice a week for 10 minutes. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography analysis and tooth movement measurements were performed on the dissected rat maxillae. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and collagen fiber assessment were performed on histological sections.

Results:
Cyclical forces significantly inhibited the amount of tooth movement. Histological analysis showed marked disorganization of the collagen fibril structure of the periodontal ligament during tooth movement. Tooth movement caused a significant increase in osteoclast parameters on the compression side of alveolar bone and a significant decrease in bone volume fraction in the molar region compared to controls.

Conclusions:
Tooth movement was significantly inhibited by application of cyclical forces.
Direct Spectrometry: A New Alternative for Measuring the Fluorescence of Composite Resins and Dental Tissues
Authors: da Silva TM , de Oliveira HPM , Severino D , Balducci I , Huhtala MFRL , Gonçalves SEP 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluorescence intensity of different composite resins and compare those values with the fluorescence intensity of dental tissues. Different composite resins were used to make 10 discs (2 mm in depth and 4 mm in diameter) of each brand, divided into groups: 1) Z (Filtek Z350, 3M ESPE), 2) ES (Esthet-X, Dentsply), 3) A (Amelogen Plus, Ultradent), 4) DVS (Durafill-VS, Heraeus Kulzer) with 2 mm composite resin for enamel (A2), 5) OES ([Esthet-X] opaque-OA [1 mm] + enamel-A2 [1 mm]); 6) ODVSI ([Charisma-Opal/Durafill-VSI], opaque-OM (1 mm) + translucent [1mm]), and 7) DVSI ([Durafill- VSI] translucent [2 mm]). Dental tissue specimens were obtained from human anterior teeth cut in a mesiodistal direction to obtain enamel, dentin, and enamel/dentin samples (2 mm). The fluorescence intensity of specimens was directly measured using an optic fiber associated with a spectrometer (Ocean Optics USB 4000) and recorded in graphic form (Origin 8.0 program). Data were submitted to statistical analysis using Dunnet, Tukey, and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Light absorption of the composite resins was obtained in a spectral range from 250 to 450 nm, and that of dental tissues was between 250 and 300 nm. All composite resins were excited at 398 nm and exhibited maximum emissions of around 485 nm. Fluorescence intensity values for all of the resins showed statistically significant differences (measured in arbitrary units [AUs]), with the exception of groups Z and DVS. Group DVSI had the highest fluorescence intensity values (13539 AU), followed by ODVS (10440 AU), DVS (10146 AU), ES (3946 AU), OES (3841 AU), A (3540 AU), and Z (1146 AU). The fluorescence intensity values for the composite resins differed statistically from those of dental tissues (E=1380 AU; D=6262 AU; E/D=3251 AU). The opacity interfered with fluorescence intensity, and group Z demonstrated fluorescence intensity values closest to that of tooth enamel. It is concluded that the fluorescence intensity values were significantly different among the composite resins and compared with dental tissues. The direct spectrofluorimetric method represents a tool for evaluating the fluorescence of composite resins.
In Vitro Evaluation of Benzalkonium Chloride in the Preservation of Adhesive Interfaces
Authors: Sabatini C , Kim JH , Alias P Ortiz 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARY
Inhibition of endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) decreases collagen solubilization and may help improve resin-dentin bond stability. Objective: This study evaluated the resin-dentin bond stability of experimental adhesive blends containing BAC and the stability of dentin matrices by assessing the mass loss and collagen solubilization from dentin beams pretreated with BAC.

Materials and Methods
Twenty-five healthy molars were used for the bond strength evaluation of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond Plus, SB) modified with BAC or not. The following groups were tested: 1) SB with no inhibitor (control); 2) topical 2.0% chlorhexidine + SB; 3) 1.0% BAC etchant + SB; 4) 0.5% BAC-SB; and 5) 1.0% BAC-SB. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and failure mode distribution under standard error of the mean were evaluated after 24 hours and six months of storage in artificial saliva (AS). A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test with a significance level of p&lt;0.05 was used for data analysis. In addition, 30 completely demineralized dentin beams from human molars were either dipped in deionized water (DW, control) or dipped in 0.5% and 1.0% BAC for 60 seconds, and then incubated in AS. Collagen solubilization was assessed by evaluating the dry mass loss and quantifying the amount of hydroxyproline (HYP) released from hydrolyzed specimens after four weeks of incubation.

Results
The control group demonstrated lower μTBS than some of the experimental groups containing BAC at 24 hours and six months (p&lt;0.05). When BAC was incorporated into the adhesive blend in concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%, no reduction in dentin bond strength was observed after six months (p&lt;0.05). Less mass loss and HYP release was seen for dentin matrices pretreated with BAC relative to the control pretreated with DW (p&lt;0.05).

Conclusion
This in vitro study demonstrates that BAC contributes to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds by reducing collagen degradation.
Life-stage Analysis of Solvent Induced Fissures under Static Stress in PET Fibers
Authors: Ramisetty M. , Rodriguez A. , Aneja A. , Wang Y. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The paper discusses the impact of drawing poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers in the presence of solvents, which consist of the first five homologues of aliphatic primary alcohols, namely methanol to amyl alcohol. The solvent induced deformation under tensile load leads to surface fissures characterized by four stages: fissure formation (birth), incipient draw (neck formation), partial draw, and full draw. This process results in internal void formation in the presence of a propagating neck. A design of experiment (DOE) was performed to screen out the process parameters critical for understanding surface fissure formation. Four process parameters were investigated: initial material properties (orientation); environment of draw (i.e. type of alcohols used as solvent); rate of extension; and amount of extension. The response of solvent induced deformation were characterized by the natural draw force reduction; number of fissures formed at time of birth, fissure width at time of formation, and neck angle. Of all the four process parameters involved, the analysis indicates that the material properties and amount of extension were the best predictors of solvent induced fissure formation. Organic solvents reduce the tension required for draw and create internal voids, a porous network, with possibly the penetrant being “sucked” into the interior of PET fibers drawn in the presence of alcohols.
The Influence of Vulcanization Agents on Vulcanization Kinetics of Chloride Butyl Rubber
Authors: He X. R. , Yu H. , Wang X. , Rong Y. Q. , Zhang R. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
BPR (brominated tert octyl phenolic resin) vulcanization system is one of the commonly used systems for CIIR (chloride butyl rubber). In the vulcanization process, there are two competitive reactions, the cross-linking reaction and the self-poly-condensation reaction of BPR. In this vulcanization system, the metal oxide, as vulcanization active agent, have a greater impact on the kinetics of these two competing reaction. The kinetics equation of overall reaction (including the two competitive reactions) and the BPR self-poly-condensation reaction with different amount of ZnO or MgO were obtained by non-isothermal DSC method. The results showed that ZnO would promote the overall reaction and the BPR self-poly-condensation reaction at lower dosage, the rate constant of overall reaction increased faster than BPR self-poly-condensation reaction rate constant with the increasing of the ZnO content, and when the ZnO content exceeded 7.5 phr, the rate constant of BPR self-poly-condensation reaction decreased; With the increasing of the MgO content, the rate constant of overall reaction and BPR self-poly-condensation reaction reduced, and the rate constant of self-poly-condensation reaction reduced much faster than the rate constant of the overall reaction when the content of MgO changed from 0.5 to 0.75. The cross-linking density was measured by the equilibrium swelling method. The results showed that with the increasing of ZnO content, the cross-linking density increased when it was less than 10 phr, and decreased when the ZnO content exceeded 10 phr. With the increasing of MgO content, the cross-linking density increased when it was less than 0.75 phr, and decreased when the MgO content exceeded 0.75 phr. The mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties were investigated by the universal testing machine and the dynamic mechanical performance analysis (DMA), respectively. The results showed that the ZnO and MgO content had a great impact on the mechanical properties and the dynamic mechanical properties, and the variation trend of the cross-linking density was further confirmed by the corresponding variation of the properties.
Barrier Screw Compounding and Mechanical Properties of EAA Copolymer and Cellulose Fiber Composite
Authors: Ariño R. , Boldizar A. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The difficulty of feeding cellulose fibers and thermoplastics into the extruder or injection molding machine is addressed, this being a serious problem in the production of cellulose fiber composites for industrial applications. Agglomerates consisting in cellulose fibers and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) with different cellulose contents and different fiber lengths were processed with two different screws in order to better understand how the dispersion of the fibers can be improved by melt extrusion. A conventional screw with a compression ratio of 4:1 and a screw with barrier flights were used at different screw rotation speeds. The fiber length and fiber content were measured and microscopic analyses were performed in order to estimate the number and size of the cellulose fiber aggregates in the final composites. It was concluded that the barrier screw was more effective than the conventional screw in breaking up the fiber aggregates and dispersing the fibers. More but smaller cellulose aggregates were observed when the barrier screw was used, and the reduction of length was significantly greater for long than for short fibers. In contrast to that was expected, the samples containing the shorter fibers had better mechanical properties, probably due to a better dispersion of the fibers.
Experiments and Modelling of Calender Processing for Shear Thinning Thermoplastics between Counter Rotating Rolls with Differential Velocities
Authors: Magnier R. , Agassant J.-F. , Bastin P. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This paper is concerned with a floor application calendering processing using both a PVC and a Polyolefin formulation within a two roll calender. The rheology of both formulations was measured using the Rheoplast, a specific capillary rheometer. Experiments with various velocity differentials were performed and the roll separating force and the sheet exit temperature were measured for each case. An isothermal model based on the lubrication approximations hypothesis together with a power-law behavior for the molten polymer has been developed. Due to the difference between the rotation velocities of the two cylinders, the problem is no longer symmetric and the integration of the generalized Reynolds equation requires taking into account various velocity profiles. The resulting pressure profile enables computation of the roll separating force. The agreement between the model and experiments performed with the PVC formulation at various velocity differentials is fair; however for the Polyolefin formulation there is a significant difference which means that the model for this new formulation needs to be improved.