bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of the EM-like reconstruction method for diffuse optical tomography with ordered-subsets method
Authors: Wang Caifang 
Published: November 2013

Abstract.
Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is an optical imaging
modality, which provides the spatial distribution of the optical
parameters inside a random medium. A propagation back-propagation
method named EM-like reconstruction method for stationary DOT
problem has been proposed yet. This method is really time consuming.
Hence the ordered-subsets (OS) technique for this reconstruction
method is studied in this paper. The boundary measurements of DOT
are grouped into nonoverlapping and overlapping ordered sequence of
subsets with random partition, sequential partition and periodic
partition, respectively. The performance of OS methods is compared
with the standard EM-like reconstruction method with two-dimensional and three-dimensional
numerical experiments. The numerical experiments indicate that
reconstruction of nonoverlapping subsets with periodic partition,
overlapping subsets with periodic partition and standard EM-like
method provide very similar acceptable reconstruction results.
However, reconstruction of nonoverlapping subsets with periodic
partition spends a minimum of time to get proper results.
An inverse problem for a third order PDE arising in high-intensity ultrasound: Global uniqueness and stability by one boundary measurement
Authors: Liu Shitao , Triggiani Roberto 
Published: November 2013

Abstract.
In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for the linearized Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation, which is a third-order (in time) PDE that arises in nonlinear acoustic waves modeling high-intensity ultrasound. Both canonical recovery problems are investigated: (i) uniqueness and (ii) stability, by use of just one boundary measurement. Our approach relies on the dynamical decomposition of the Jordan–Moore–Gibson–Thompson equation given in [Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 35 (2012), 1896–1929].
Chicano Gang Members in Recovery: The Public Talk of Negotiating Chicano Masculinities
Authors: Flores Edward Orozco , Hondagneu-Sotelo Pierrette 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Using ethnographic data from Los Angeles, this article examines the ritualized forms of verbal communication used in two Chicano gang recovery programs, Homeboy Industries and Victory Outreach. These two distinctive programs facilitate recovery from gangs through contrasting models of communication anchored in religion and therapeutic rehabilitation. In recovery, ritualized verbal displays subordinate gang masculinity and elevate conventional notions of masculinity. Former gang members use sermons, group therapy, 12-step programs, and personal testimonials to articulate hegemonic ideals of masculinity, such as responsible fatherhood. A critical component of these gang rehabilitation programs rearticulates the meanings of Chicano masculinity to include abstaining from drug use, providing for family members, and engaging in nurturing behavior. Through these verbal rituals, reformed gang masculinity is repositioned as dominant, desirable, and accessible to marginalized Chicano men with past gang affiliations and addictions.
sp.2013.60.4.476_Flores 5476165543001
Effectiveness of Home Visiting in Improving Child Health and Reducing Child Maltreatment
Authors: Avellar Sarah A. , Supplee Lauren H. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act established the Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program, which provides $1.5 billion to states over 5 years for home visiting program models serving at-risk pregnant women and children from birth to age 5. The act stipulates that 75% of the funds must be used for programs with evidence of effectiveness based on rigorous evaluation research. Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness reviewed the home visiting research literature and provided an assessment of the evidence of effectiveness for program models that serve families with pregnant women and children from birth to age 5.METHODS:Home Visiting Evidence of Effectiveness included a systematic search and screening process, a review of the research quality, and an assessment of program effectiveness. Reviewers rated studies’ capacity to provide unbiased estimates of program impacts and determined whether a program met the Department of Health and Human Services’ criteria for an evidence-based model.RESULTS:As of July 2012, 32 models were reviewed, of which 12 met the Department of Health and Human Services criteria. Most of these models were shown to have favorable effects on child development. Other common favorable effects included health care usage and reductions in child maltreatment. Less common were favorable effects on birth outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:Home visiting is a promising way to serve families who may be difficult to engage in supportive services. Existing rigorous research indicates that home visiting has the potential for positive results among high-risk families, particularly on health care usage and child development.
Improving the Nurse–Family Partnership in Community Practice
Authors: Olds David , Donelan-McCall Nancy , O’Brien Ruth , MacMillan Harriet , Jack Susan , Jenkins Thomas , Dunlap Wallace P. , O’Fallon Molly , Yost Elly , Thorland Bill , Pinto Francesca , Gasbarro Mariarosa , Baca Pilar , Melnick Alan , Beeber Linda 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND:
Evidence-based preventive interventions are rarely final products. They have reached a stage of development that warrant public investment but require additional research and development to strengthen their effects. The Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP), a program of nurse home visiting, is grounded in findings from replicated randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE:
Evidence-based programs require replication in accordance with the models tested in the original randomized controlled trials in order to achieve impacts comparable to those found in those trials, and yet they must be changed in order to improve their impacts, given that interventions require continuous improvement. This article provides a framework and illustrations of work our team members have developed to address this tension.

METHODS:
Because the NFP is delivered in communities outside of research contexts, we used quantitative and qualitative research to identify challenges with the NFP program model and its implementation, as well as promising approaches for addressing them.

RESULTS:
We describe a framework used to address these issues and illustrate its use in improving nurses’ skills in retaining participants, reducing closely spaced subsequent pregnancies, responding to intimate partner violence, observing and promoting caregivers’ care of their children, addressing parents’ mental health problems, classifying families’ risks and strengths as a guide for program implementation, and collaborating with indigenous health organizations to adapt and evaluate the program for their populations. We identify common challenges encountered in conducting research in practice settings and translating findings from these studies into ongoing program implementation.

CONCLUSIONS:
The conduct of research focused on quality improvement, model improvement, and implementation in NFP practice settings is challenging, but feasible, and holds promise for improving the impact of the NFP.
Limiting Home Visiting Effects: Maternal Depression as a Moderator of Child Maltreatment
Authors: Easterbrooks M. Ann , Bartlett Jessica Dym , Raskin Maryna , Goldberg Jessica , Contreras Mariah M. , Kotake Chie , Chaudhuri Jana H. , Jacobs Francine H. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE:To test, with a sample of adolescent mothers (16–20 at childbirth) and their first-born infants/toddlers (average age 1 year), whether the impact of a home visiting (HV) child maltreatment prevention program was moderated by maternal depression.METHODS:The study design was a randomized controlled trial of Healthy Families Massachusetts, a statewide child maltreatment prevention program. A total of 707 first-time mothers were randomly assigned to the HV or control group. The HV group received visits from paraprofessional home visitors. Mothers in the control group were referred to other service providers. The outcome variable consisted of state Child Protective Services reports of child abuse and neglect (mother or other person as perpetrator). Maternal depression was assessed by maternal report (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire).RESULTS:A considerable proportion of families had child maltreatment reports (30% of sample) and maternal depression (38% had clinically significant symptoms). Most maltreatment was neglect. Among control group mothers, reports of maltreatment did not vary according to depressive symptoms. For HV mothers, probability of reports varied with levels of depressive symptoms. Nonsymptomatic HV mothers were less likely to have a child who was reported for maltreatment compared with HV mothers who endorsed clinical levels of depressive symptoms.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of maternal depressive symptoms in this sample, and the link between depression and child maltreatment prevention program effectiveness, suggest that home visitors be alert to maternal depression. Programs also should be aware of possible surveillance effects related to maternal depression.
Randomized Trial of a Cellular Phone-Enhanced Home Visitation Parenting Intervention
Authors: Carta Judith J. , Lefever Jennifer Burke , Bigelow Kathryn , Borkowski John , Warren Steven F. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Although home visiting programs have been documented to improve parenting in high-risk families, their effectiveness is diminished when parents disengage from programs. Cellular phones offer an approach to promoting parent engagement and enhancing parenting outcomes. Our objective was to examine whether mothers in a parenting intervention, Planned Activities Training (PAT), or cellular phone-enhanced version (CPAT) of the intervention would demonstrate greater use of parenting strategies after treatment and at 6 months post-treatment compared with a wait-list control (WLC).

METHODS:
A sample of 371 low-income mothers and their 3.5- to 5.5-year-old children were randomly assigned to condition and assessed at pre-test, post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention. Treatment efficacy was evaluated through observations of mother-child interactions as well as maternal interviews about depression, parenting stress, and child behaviors.

RESULTS:
Mothers receiving PAT and CPAT demonstrated more frequent use of parenting strategies and engaged in more responsive parenting than mothers in the WLC. Mothers receiving CPAT used more PAT parenting strategies than mothers in the other 2 groups and experienced greater reductions in depression and stress. Children of mothers receiving PAT and CPAT demonstrated higher rates of positive engagement, and children of CPAT mothers demonstrated higher levels of adaptive behaviors than children in the WLC. Importantly, changes in parenting, depression, and stress predicted positive child behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:
PAT and CPAT conditions improved parenting strategies and child engagement and reduced children’s challenging behaviors. The addition of cellular phones to a home visiting program enhanced maternal responsivity and reduced depression and stress.
Physical Extraction of Microorganisms From Water‐Saturated, Packed Sediment
Authors: Ugolini Fabio , Schroth Martin H. , Bürgmann Helmut , Zeyer Josef 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT:Microbial characterization of aquifers should include samples of both suspended and attached microorganisms (biofilms). We investigated the effect of shear, sonication, and heat on the extraction of microorganisms from water‐saturated, packed sediment columns containing established biofilms. Shear was studied by increasing flow velocity of the column eluent, sonication by treating the columns with ultrasound at different power levels, and heat by warming up the column eluent to different temperatures. Effluent cell concentrations were used as a measure of extraction efficiency. Dissolved organic carbon and adenosine tri‐phosphate (ATP) concentrations were used to corroborate cell‐extraction results. Additionally, ATP was used as an indicator of cell‐membrane integrity. Extraction quality was determined by comparing terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) profiles of extracted bacterial communities with destructively sampled sediment‐community profiles. Sonication and heat increased the extraction efficiency up to 200‐fold and yielded communities comparable to the sediment community. These treatments showed high potential for in‐situ application in aquifers.
Metabolic Subtypes and Risk of Mortality in Normal Weight, Overweight, and Obese Individuals with CKD
Authors: Hanks Lynae J. , Tanner Rikki M. , Muntner Paul , Kramer Holly , McClellan William M. , Warnock David G. , Judd Suzanne E. , Gutiérrez Orlando M. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Higher body mass index (BMI) is paradoxically associated with lower mortality in persons with CKD, but whether cardiometabolic abnormalities modulate this association is unclear.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Participants with CKD from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (n=4374) were analyzed. The harmonized criteria for metabolic syndrome were used to define metabolic health, and participants were categorized into one of six mutually exclusive categories defined by combined measures of metabolic health (metabolically healthy, <3 criteria for metabolic syndrome; metabolically unhealthy, ≥3 criteria) and weight status (normal weight, BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; overweight, BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Cox models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of death as a function of each category.

Results
A total of 683 deaths were observed over a mean 4.5 years of follow-up. In analyses adjusted for age, race, sex, and geographic region of residence, compared with metabolically healthy normal weight persons, the HRs of mortality in metabolically healthy overweight and obese persons were 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.53 to 0.87) and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.98), respectively, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in survival among metabolically unhealthy overweight or obese individuals. After further adjustment for lifestyle, clinical and laboratory factors including markers of kidney function, the HR of mortality remained lower in metabolically healthy overweight individuals compared with metabolically healthy normal weight individuals (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.96).

Conclusions
Metabolic abnormalities may attenuate the magnitude and strength of survival benefits associated with higher BMI in individuals with CKD.
Adult Height in Patients with Advanced CKD Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy during Childhood
Authors: Harambat Jérôme , Bonthuis Marjolein , van Stralen Karlijn J. , Ariceta Gema , Battelino Nina , Bjerre Anna , Jahnukainen Timo , Leroy Valérie , Reusz György , Sandes Ana R. , Sinha Manish D. , Groothoff Jaap W. , Combe Christian , Jager Kitty J. , Verrina Enrico , Schaefer Franz 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Growth and final height are of major concern in children with ESRD. This study sought to describe the distribution of adult height of patients who started renal replacement therapy (RRT) during childhood and to identify determinants of final height in a large cohort of RRT children.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A total of 1612 patients from 20 European countries who started RRT before 19 years of age and reached final height between 1990 and 2011 were included. Linear regression analyses were performed to calculate adjusted mean final height SD score (SDS) and to investigate its potential determinants.

Results
The median final height SDS was −1.65 (median of 168 cm in boys and 155 cm in girls). Fifty-five percent of patients attained an adult height within the normal range. Adjusted for age at start of RRT and primary renal diseases, final height increased significantly over time from −2.06 SDS in children who reached adulthood in 1990–1995 to −1.33 SDS among those reaching adulthood in 2006–2011. Older age at start of RRT, more recent period of start of RRT, cumulative percentage time on a functioning graft, and greater height SDS at initiation of RRT were independently associated with a higher final height SDS. Patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and metabolic disorders had a lower final height than those with other primary renal diseases.

Conclusions
Although final height remains suboptimal in children with ESRD, it has consistently improved over time.
IGF-1 and Survival in ESRD
Authors: Jia Ting , Gama Axelsson Thiane , Heimbürger Olof , Bárány Peter , Lindholm Bengt , Stenvinkel Peter , Qureshi Abdul Rashid 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
IGF-1 deficiency links to malnutrition in CKD patients; however, it is not clear to what extent it associates with survival among these patients.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Serum IGF-1 and other biochemical, clinical (subjective global assessment), and densitometric (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) markers of nutritional status and mineral and bone metabolism were measured in a cohort of 365 Swedish clinically stable CKD stage 5 patients (median age of 53 years) initiating dialysis between 1994 and 2009; in 207 patients, measurements were also taken after 1 year of dialysis. Deaths were registered during a median follow-up of 5 years. Associations of mortality with baseline IGF-1 and changes of IGF-1 after 1 year of dialysis were evaluated by Cox models.

Results
At baseline, IGF-1 concentrations associated negatively with age, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, poor nutritional status, IL-6, and osteoprotegerin and positively with body fat mass, bone mineral density, serum phosphate, calcium, and fibroblast growth factor-23. At 1 year, IGF-1 had increased by 33%. In multivariate regression, low age, diabetes mellitus, and high serum phosphate and calcium associated with IGF-1 at baseline, and in a mixed model, these factors, together with high fat body mass, associated with changes of IGF-1 during the first 1 year of dialysis. Adjusting for calendar year of inclusion, age, sex, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, IL-6, and poor nutritional status, a 1 SD higher level of IGF-1 at baseline associated with lower mortality risk (hazard ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.98). Persistently low or decreasing IGF-1 levels during the first 1 year on dialysis predicted worse survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 4.50).

Conclusion
In incident dialysis patients, low serum IGF-1 associates with body composition and markers of mineral and bone metabolism, and it predicts increased mortality risk.
Kidney Function and Prevalent and Incident Frailty
Authors: Dalrymple Lorien S. , Katz Ronit , Rifkin Dena E. , Siscovick David , Newman Anne B. , Fried Linda F. , Sarnak Mark J. , Odden Michelle C. , Shlipak Michael G. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
Kidney disease is associated with physiologic changes that may predispose to frailty. This study sought to investigate whether lower levels of kidney function were associated with prevalent or incident frailty in Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
CHS enrolled community-dwelling adults age ≥65 years between 1989–1990 and 1992–1993. To examine prevalent frailty, included were 4150 participants without stroke, Parkinson disease, prescribed medications for Alzheimer disease or depression, or severely impaired cognition. To examine incident frailty, included were a subset of 3459 participants without baseline frailty or development of exclusion criteria during follow-up. The primary predictor was estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated using serum cystatin C (eGFRcys). Secondary analyses examined eGFR using serum creatinine (eGFRSCr). Outcomes were prevalent frailty and incident frailty at 4 years of follow-up. Frailty was ascertained on the basis of weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity.

Results
The mean age was 75 years and the median eGFRcys was 73 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Among participants with an eGFRcys <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2, 24% had prevalent frailty. In multivariable analysis and compared with eGFRcys ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2, eGFRcys categories of 45–59 (odds ratio [OR], 1.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 2.75) and 15–44 (OR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.72 to 4.77) were associated with higher odds of frailty, whereas 60–75 (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.76 to 1.70) was not. In multivariable analysis, eGFRcys categories of 60–75 (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.72; 95% CI, 1.07 to 2.75) and 15–44 (IRR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.23 to 4.22) were associated with higher incidence of frailty whereas 45–59 (IRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.90 to 2.60) was not. Lower levels of eGFRSCr were not associated with higher risk of prevalent or incident frailty.

Conclusions
In community-dwelling elders, lower eGFRcys was associated with a higher risk of prevalent and incident frailty whereas lower eGFRSCr was not. These findings highlight the importance of considering non-GFR determinants of kidney function.
Introduction to Molecular Genetic Diagnostics / UVOD U MOLEKULARNU GENETIČU DIJAGNOSTIKU
Authors: Novaković Ivana , Maksimović Nela , Pavlović Aleksandra , Žarković Milena , Rovčanin Branislav , Mirković Duško , Pekmezović Tatjana , Cvetković Dragana 
Published: November 2013

Summary
Molecular genetic testing is part of modern medical practice. DNA tests are an essential part of diagnostics and genetic counseling in single gene diseases, while their application in polygenic disorders is still limited. Pharmacogenetics studies DNA variants associated with variations in drug efficacy and toxicity, and tests in this field are being developed rapidly. The main method for molecular genetic testing is the polymerase chain reaction, with a number of modifications. New methods, such as next generation sequencing and DNA microarray, should allow simultaneous analysis of a number of genes, even whole genome sequencing. Ethical concerns in molecular genetic testing are very important, along with legislation. After molecular genetic testing, interpretation of results and genetic counseling should be done by professionals. With the example of thrombophilia, we discuss questions about genetic testing, its possibilities and promises.