bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High resolution SMA imaging of (ultra)-luminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Tan Qinghua , Gao Yu , Wang Zhong , U Vivian 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe present preliminary results on Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations of three Luminous Infrared Galaxies (LIRGs) and one infrared Quasi Stellar Object (IR QSO). The galaxies were observed at sub-kpc spatial resolution in lines of CO and 13CO, as well as in the continuum at 1.3mm. The moment maps show that the molecular gas in these galaxies is distributed in rotating disks with velocity gradients ranging from ~30 to 120 km s−1 kpc−1. Combined with archival CO J=3-2 data, the spatial distributions of the CO J=3-2/J=2-1 ratios shows clear variations across the galaxies. The brightness temperature of the overlap region in VV 114 is found to be lower than that in the nuclear region of VV 114E, suggesting that that the bulk of molecular gas in this region is sub-thermalized.
Multi-wavelength probes of distant lensed galaxies
Authors: Serjeant Stephen 
Published: August 2012

AbstractI summarise recent results on multi-wavelength properties of distant lensed galaxies, with a particular focus on Herschel. Submm surveys have already resulted in a breakthrough discovery of an extremely efficient selection technique for strong gravitational lenses. Benefitting from the gravitational magnification boost, blind mm-wave redshifts have been demonstrated on IRAM, SMA and GBT, and follow-up emission line detections have been made of water, [Oiii], [Cii] and other species, revealing the PDR/XDR/CRDR conditions. I also discuss HST imaging of submm lenses, lensed galaxy reconstruction, the prospects for ALMA and e-Merlin and the effects of differential magnification. Many emission line diagnostics are relatively unaffected by differential magnification, but SED-based estimates of bolometric fractions in lensed infrared galaxies are so unreliable as to be useless, unless a lens mass model is available to correct for differential amplification.
A Spitzer study of interacting luminous and ultra-luminous infrared galaxies
Authors: Leão João Rodrigo S. , Leitherer Claus 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe conducted a Spitzer Space Telescope survey of 28 Luminous (11 < log (LIR/L⊙) < 12, LIRGs) and Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (log (LIR/L⊙) > 12, ULIRGs). Many of these galaxies are found in pairs or associations and are powered by either nuclear activity or star-formation (Sanders & Mirabel 1996). Our main goal is to understand the relative importance of starbursts and AGNs in interacting systems. Is the frequency of AGN and starbursts in these interacting galaxies related to their luminosities? What is the importance of the merger stage and the frequency of AGNs? We present our conclusions and diagnostic diagrams based in the observed near infrared lines and compare to studies based solely in optical data.
Dissipation at tidal and seismic frequencies in a melt‐free Moon
Authors: Nimmo F. , Faul U. H. , Garnero E. J. 
Published: August 2012

We calculate viscoelastic dissipation in the Moon using a rheological (extended Burgers) model based on laboratory deformation of melt‐free polycrystalline olivine. Lunar temperature structures are calculated assuming steady state conduction with variable internal heat production and core heat flux. Successful models can reproduce the dissipation factor (Q) measured at both tidal and seismic frequencies, and the tidal Love numbers h2 and k2, without requiring any mantle melting. However, the frequency‐dependence of our modelQat tidal periods has the opposite sign to that observed. Using the apparently unrelaxed nature of the core‐mantle boundary (CMB), the best fit models require mantle grain sizes of ∼1 cm and CMB temperatures of ≈1700 K. If melt or volatiles are present, the lunar temperature structure must be colder than our melt‐free models. We estimate a present‐day mantle heat production rate of 9–10 nWm−3, suggesting that roughly half of the Moon's radiogenic elements are in the crust.
The Long‐Term Illinois River Fish Population Monitoring Program
Authors: McClelland Michael A. , Sass Greg G. , Cook Thad R. , Irons Kevin S. , Michaels Nerissa N. , O'Hara T. Matthew , Smith Cammy S. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTLong‐term ecological monitoring is essential to gain an understanding of the interaction between spatial and temporal patterns and variability. The goals of our study were to test for trends in (1) overall fish catches; (2) native and non‐native fish species richness and relative abundance; and (3) the fish species assemblages over time using greater than 50 years offish population data collected from the Illinois River. Fish species richness increased over time and community analyses revealed changes in fish species composition from a community dominated by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) to one of greater species diversity. Prior to 1976, abundances of native fish species were declining significantly but have since shown a significant increase. Abundances of nonnative species declined from 1957 to 2000; however, rapid population growth of Asian carps (Hypophthalmichthys spp.) in the Illinois River increased nonnative fish species catches. Many of the trends observed may reflect positive effects of rehabilitation efforts throughout the Illinois River. Our collections highlight the importance of long‐term monitoring programs to detect temporal and spatial shifts in fish populations in the context of anthropogenic and natural change in aquatic ecosystems.
Enhanced dielectric and magnetic properties in Ru-substituted Bi0.9La0.1FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Gong Y F , Wu P , Hai X , Liu W F , Wang S Y , Liu G Y , Rao G H 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Multiferroic ceramics Bi0.9La0.1Fe1−x
Ru
x
O3 (x = 0%, 1% and 3%) were prepared using a solid-state reaction process. The structural transformation from rhombohedral to pseudocubic was confirmed in the Ru-doped samples via x-ray diffraction investigation, and the improved dielectric properties are ascribed to the morphotropic phase boundary and decreased oxygen defects existing in the Ru-substituted samples. The enhancement of magnetization is interpreted by the increased Fe3+ ions and the formation of a local ‘ferrimagnetic’ structure in the Ru-doped samples.
Microlenticular lens replication by the combination of gas-assisted imprint technology and LIGA-like process
Authors: Yeh Chia-Hung , Shih Ching-Jui , Wang Hsuan-Cheng , Chang Fuh-Yu , Young Hong-Tsu , Chang Wen-Chuan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA mold used in creating diffractive optical elements significantly affects the quality of these devices. In this study, we improved traditional microlens fabrication processes, which have shortcomings, mainly by combining gas-assisted imprint technology and the lithographie galvanoformung abformung (LIGA)-like process. This combination resulted in the production of high-quality optical components with high replication rates, high uniformity, large areas and high flexibility. Given the pixel size of the panel used, the optimal viewing distance, the film thickness and the glass thickness in the formula, we could determine the radius of curvature and the thickness of the lens. By the use of U-groove machining, precise electroforming and embossing to produce polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) molds, lens film elements can be produced via an ultraviolet (UV)-cured molding process that converts microlenses into flexible polyethylene terephthalate films. In this study, the microlenticular lens mold is fabricated by U-groove machining, Ni electroforming and PDMS casting. Then, the PDMS mold with microlenticular lens structure is used in the gas-assisted UV imprint process and the PET film with microlenticular lens array is obtained. The lenticular lens had a radius of curvature and height of 228 and 18 µm, respectively. A 3D confocal laser microscope was used to measure the radius of curvature and the spacing of the metal molds, nickel (Ni) molds, PDMS molds and the finished thin-film products. The geometry of the final microlenticular lens was very close to the design values. All geometric errors were below 5%, the surface roughness reached the optical level (with all Ra values less than 10 nm) and the replication rate was 95%. The results demonstrate that this process can be used to fabricate gapless, lenticular-shaped, high-precision microlens arrays with a unitary curvature.
LONO1Encoding a Nucleoporin Is Required for Embryogenesis and Seed Viability in Arabidopsis
Authors: Braud Christopher , Zheng Wenguang , Xiao Wenyan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractEarly embryogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is distinguished by a predictable pattern of cell divisions and is a good system for investigating mechanisms of developmental pattern formation. Here, we identified a gene called LONO1 (LNO1) in Arabidopsis in which mutations can abolish the first asymmetrical cell division of the zygote, alter planes and number of cell divisions in early embryogenesis, and eventually arrest embryo development. LNO1 is highly expressed in anthers of flower buds, stigma papilla of open flowers, and embryo and endosperm during early embryogenesis, which is correlated with its functions in reproductive development. The homozygous lno1-1 seed is not viable. LNO1, a homolog of the nucleoporin NUP214 in human (Homo sapiens) and Nup159 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), encodes a nucleoporin protein containing phenylalanine-glycine repeats in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that LNO1 can functionally complement the defect in the yeast temperature-sensitive nucleoporin mutant nup159. We show that LNO1 specifically interacts with the Arabidopsis DEAD-box helicase/ATPase LOS4 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, mutations in AtGLE1, an Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast Gle1 involved in the same poly(A) mRNA export pathway as Nup159, also result in seed abortion. Our results suggest that LNO1 is a component of the nuclear pore complex required for mature mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which makes LNO1 essential for embryogenesis and seed viability in Arabidopsis.
Macrophyte species composition, distribution and diversity in relation to some physicochemical factors in the littoral zone of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia
Authors: Tamire Girum , Mengistou Seyoum 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe species composition, distribution and diversity of macrophytes in Lake Ziway were determined at the end of dry and wet seasons along nine littoral sites during 2010 using a belt transect method. Some physicochemical parameters were also measured. Fourteen macrophyte species were identified with low species diversity for the lake (H' value of 1.805). The macrophyte species composition of the lake has undergone many changes during the last few decades. Arundo donax, which was never reported earlier, attained the highest relative density (30.7%) and frequency (30.5%) in this study, followed by Echinochloa colona, Potamogeton schweinfurthii, Cyperus articulatus, Typha latifolia and Cyperus papyrus. The average densities of A. donax, C. articulatus, E. colona and Pistia stratiotes were positively correlated with nutrients, whereas the density of the other species had negative correlation with physicochemical variables (CCA). Generally, the present macrophyte composition and abundance indicates healthy ecological condition of the lake. But if nutrient levels continue to increase and water levels continue to decline, we expect further changes in macrophyte composition and especially a shift towards invasive floating species.
Clinical aspects of using exhaled NO in asthma diagnosis and management
Authors: Ludviksdottir Dora , Diamant Zuzana , Alving Kjell , Bjermer Leif , Malinovschi Andrei 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundCurrent guidelines recommend tailoring of asthma management according to disease control, which is largely defined by increased symptoms and deterioration in lung function. These features do not reflect the severity nor the type of the asthmatic airway inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a simple, non‐invasive and cost‐effective online test applicable in both adults and children. In addition to symptoms and lung function measurements, FENO reflects airway eosinophilia and hence allows online assessment of the corticosteroid‐sensitive T helper 2 type airway inflammation in asthmatic patients. FENO can thus be applied to aid asthma diagnosis and treatment monitoring both in clinical practice and for research purposes.ObjectivesThe scope of this review is to provide an overview of the most important clinical studies using FENO in asthma management and to summarise the implications of FENO measurements in clinical practice.Results and ConclusionIn several studies, FENO measurements provided additional information on aspects of asthma including phenotyping, corticosteroid‐responsiveness and disease control. Thus, if correctly applied and interpreted, FENO can aid asthma diagnosis, identify patients at risk of exacerbation and support customized treatment decisions. A simple and reliable tool to quantify peripheral nitric oxide will further aid to identify patients with small airways inflammation.
Phylogenetic relationships of a Patagonian frog radiation, the Alsodes + Eupsophus clade (Anura: Alsodidae), with comments on the supposed paraphyly of Eupsophus
Authors: Blotto Boris L. , Nuñez José J. , Basso Néstor G. , Úbeda Carmen A. , Wheeler Ward C. , Faivovich Julián 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe frog clade composed of the alsodid genera Alsodes + Eupsophus is the most species‐rich of the Patagonian endemic frog clades, including nearly 31 of the slightly more than 50 species of that region. The biology of this group of frogs is poorly known, its taxonomy quite complex (particularly Alsodes), and its diversity in chromosome number striking when compared with other frogs (collectively, there are species having 2n = 22, 2n = 26, 2n = 28, 2n = 30 or 2n = 34). We present a phylogenetic analysis of this Patagonian frog clade based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. We sequenced five mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome oxidase I, 12S, 16S, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1) with three intervening tRNAs, and fragments of three nuclear genes (seven in absentia homolog 1, rhodopsin exon 1, RAG‐1), for a maximum of 6510 bp for multiple specimens from 26 of the 31 species. We recovered Eupsophus as polyphyletic, with E. antartandicus, E. sylvaticus, and E. taeniatus in Batrachylidae, in accordance with most previous hypotheses. Based on this result, we transfer E. antartandicus and E. taeniatus back to Batrachyla, and E. sylvaticus to Hylorina (resurrected from the synonymy of Eupsophus), remediating the paraphyly of Eupsophus. Our results strongly corroborate the monophyly of Alsodes + Eupsophus (sensu stricto), the individual monophyly of these genera, and the monophyly of the species groups of Eupsophus. They also show the non‐monophyly of all non‐monotypic species groups of Alsodes proposed in the past. Our results expose several taxonomic problems particularly in Alsodes, and to a lesser extent in Eupsophus. This phylogenetic context suggests a rich evolutionary history of karyotypic diversification in the clade, in part corroborating previous hypotheses. In Alsodes, we predict three independent transformations of chromosome number from the plesiomorphic 2n = 26. All these, strikingly, involve increments or reductions of pairs of haploid chromosomes. Finally, the phylogenetic pattern recovered for Alsodes and Eupsophus suggests a trans‐Andean origin and diversification of the group, with multiple, independent ingressions over cis‐Andean regions.
Plastid genomes and deep relationships among the commelinid monocot angiosperms
Authors: Barrett Craig F. , Davis Jerrold I. , Leebens‐Mack Jim , Conran John G. , Stevenson Dennis W. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe commelinid monocots comprise the orders Arecales (A), Commelinales (C), Poales sensu Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APGIII) (P), Zingiberales (Z), plus the unplaced family Dasypogonaceae (D), collectively containing numerous economically and ecologically important species and encompassing enormous morphological diversity. Commelinids are supported as monophyletic based on anatomy and molecular data; however, relationships among major commelinid groupings conflict among previous studies, representing a long‐standing problem in monocot systematics, with major implications for interpretations of character evolution. In more recent analyses, with whole‐plastome sampling largely focused on Poales, areas of conflict remain, suggesting the need for closer investigation of relationships and support. Here, we increased sampling of plastomes among non‐Poalean commelinid orders to investigate deep nodal support. Analysis of 83 plastid genes recovered relationships as ((A, D) (ZC, P)) with robust support, regardless of reconstruction method (parsimony/likelihood). However, conflict among genes was evident when grouped by genomic region. Cumulative analyses of genes ranked by decreasing numbers of informative characters indicated continued fluctuation in support, even as small genes were added to a nearly complete matrix, contrary to the expected pattern of stabilization in support. Topology tests among major commelinid groups suggested that the data were not powerful enough to reject all alternatives. This study provides clues to the limits of the plastid genome for resolving deep relationships among the commelinid monocots.
Insulin promotes T cell recovery in a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis
Authors: Zhang Y , Zhuang R , Geng C , Cai X , Lei W , Tian N , Gao F 
Published: August 2012

Summary
Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) is a useful adjunct to myocarditis. Besides its essential action in energy metabolism, insulin also exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. This study investigated the effect of insulin on myocardial inflammation in experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in mice and its potential role in T cell regulation. Mice were divided randomly into a normal control group, a saline-treated EAM group and an insulin-treated EAM group. The histopathological changes of myocardium, α-myosin heavy chain (MyHCα)614–629 antigen-specific autoantibody titre, the serum level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members' activity and content were measured. Furthermore, the phenotype of T lymphocyte subsets in splenocytes was analysed to evaluate the immune status of mice. Insulin reduced serum cTnI of EAM mice on days 14 and 21 (P &lt; 0·05) after immunization, with no changes in blood glucose and autoantibody production. Western blot revealed that extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) may be a determining factor in this process. Total ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were both up-regulated in insulin-treated mice after immunization. We also found that insulin treatment promoted T cell recovery without changing the naive-to-memory T-cell ratio; in particular, CD3+ T cells in insulin-treated mice proliferated more vigorously than in control mice (P &lt; 0·05). We report here for the first time that insulin alleviates myocarditis in the EAM model. These data show that insulin has a direct effect on T cell proliferation in EAM. It is possible that GIK or insulin may assist T cell recovery towards normal in myocarditis, especially for diabetic or hyperglycaemic patients.
The international school nurse asthma project: barriers related to asthma management in schools
Authors: Svavarsdottir Erla Kolbrun , Garwick Ann W. , Anderson Lori S. , Looman Wendy S. , Seppelt Ann , Orlygsdottir Brynja 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimThis article is a report of an international study of barriers to asthma care from the perspectives of school nurses in Reykjavik, Iceland and St. Paul, Minnesota, in the context of their schools, communities and countries.BackgroundGlobally, asthma affects the health and school performance of many adolescents. School nurses play a key role by providing care to adolescents with asthma in school settings. Understanding universal barriers to asthma management in schools is important for developing interventions that are effective in multiple societal contexts.DesignExploratory, descriptive study.MethodsParallel studies were conducted from September 2008–January 2009, through six focus groups among school nurses (n = 32, in Reykjavikn = 17 and St. Pauln = 15) who were managing asthma in adolescents. Focus groups were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim in English or Icelandic. The Icelandic transcripts were translated into English. Descriptive content analytic techniques were used to systematically identify and categorize types of barriers to asthma care.ResultsSchool nurses in both countries identified common barriers, such as time constraints, communication challenges and school staff barriers. The primary difference was that St. Paul school nurses identified more socio‐economic and health access barriers than school nurses in Reykjavik.ConclusionGreater cultural and linguistic diversity and socio‐economic differences in the student population in St. Paul and lack of universal healthcare coverage in the US contributed to school nurses' need to focus more on asthma management than school nurses in Reykjavik, who were able to focus more on asthma prevention and education.
Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Services among Italian nurses: a test of alternative models
Authors: Pisanti Renato , Lombardo Caterina , Lucidi Fabio , Violani Cristiano , Lazzari David 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to test the factor structure of an Italian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Human Service employees. In addition we examined the reliability and construct validity of the scale.BackgroundThere is increasing evidence that nurses are at risk of experiencing burnout. Despite the vast international use of the Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey, its factor structure and reliability are not beyond question.MethodIn a sample of nurses (N = 1613) six alternative factor models of the instrument were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Furthermore, we examined the invariance of the pattern of factor loadings of the model that better fitted the data across gender groups. To test construct validity, participants completed four subscales of Symptoms Check List 90‐R. Internal consistency was evaluated computing Cronbach's alpha estimates of the scales. The study was conducted in 2007 and 2008 in Italy.ResultsThe factor analysis provided support for a 20‐item version identifying the three original dimensions. The model was found to be factorially invariant between men and women. Correlations between the latent MBI‐HSS dimensions and distress variables were in line with theoretical predictions. Reliability was supported by acceptable Cronbach's alpha indexes.ConclusionThe Maslach Burnout Inventory‐Human Service Survey has acceptable validity and reliability for measuring burnout among nurses, and can help healthcare managers to offer interventions to reduce burnout among nurses. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are highlighted.
Optical tweezers: a light touch
Authors: LEE MICHAEL P. , PADGETT MILES J. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryOptical tweezers use focused laser light to manipulate microscopic particles. We discuss the underlying physics of the technique in terms of a gradient force exerted by the light on the particles. The versatility of optical tweezers is highlighted, in particular, we explain how spatial light modulators and various imaging methods have greatly enhanced their range of applications.