bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel polymorphisms in ovine prion protein gene
Authors: Meydan H. , Özkan M. M. , Yildiz M. A. , Goldmann W. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to identify the PRNP polymorphisms outside the standard codons 136, 154 and 171 in 1110 sheep with no clinical sign of scrapie from all 18 Turkish native sheep breeds and compare our results with published data on ovine PRNP polymorphism from other regions of the world. Among the 22 amino acid polymorphisms and three silent mutations, 10 were novel for ovine PRNP: p.Gly94Gly, p.Leu128Ile, p.Met132Leu, p.Ser135Arg, p.Met137Val, p.Asn146Lys, p.Arg159Arg, p.Tyr160Asn, p.Gln163His and p.Thr193Ser. These data reveal that sheep breeds close to the historic center of small ruminant domestication have remained highly diverse in the prion gene locus, with distinctive genetic similarities to both Asian and European sheep breeds.
Outcomes of aortic arch replacement surgery after previous cardiac surgery
Authors: Davies Reece A. , Black Deborah , Bannon Paul G. , Bayfield Matthew S. , Hendel P. Nicholas , Hughes Clifford F. , Wilson Michael K. , Vallely Michael P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundAortic arch replacement is a potentially high‐risk operation and in the re‐operative setting has been found to be a risk factor for poor outcome, yet there is a dearth of published data specifically on this topic. The aim of the study was to review our unit's outcomes in this re‐operative setting.MethodData were collated for all patients who underwent aortic arch replacement surgery after previous cardiac surgery from January 1988 to November 2011. The patients were divided based primarily on elective versus non‐elective and also early (≤2005) and late (≥2006) series.ResultsTwenty‐seven eligible patients (22 male; median age: 53.0 years; elective: 14, non‐elective: 13) were identified. There was a mean period of 14.5 years between the first operation and the subsequent aortic arch replacement. The overall 30‐day mortality rate was 22.2% – 0% elective and 46.2% non‐elective (P = 0.004). Overall permanent neurological dysfunction was 21.7% – 28.6% elective and 11.1% non‐elective (P = 0.463). There were 11 early‐series patients and 16 late‐series patients. For early‐series patients, 90.9% were non‐elective versus 18.8% in the late‐series patients. The 30‐day mortality rate was 54.5% early series versus 0% late series.ConclusionAortic arch replacement is high risk in the re‐operative setting. These risks are even greater for non‐elective procedures. This highlights the need for aggressive first‐time surgery to reduce re‐operative procedures and good long‐term follow‐up programmes to allow elective procedures if required.
Species diversity and community structure of rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) attracted to dung of sika deer in coniferous forests of southwest Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Shuhei , Ikeda Koichi , Kamitani Satoshi 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInsect communities of mammal dung have been known as excellent model ecosystems for scientific study. Ecological surveys of diversity and seasonal patterns of coprophilous rove beetles in relation to wild mammals have rarely been conducted, although the high potential species diversity and abundance of the rove beetles are known. In order to investigate biodiversity of these beetles, we analyzed species composition, abundance, feeding guild and seasonality of rove beetles that were attracted to sika deer Cervus nippon dung by using dung‐baited pitfall traps for a 1.5‐year study in two plantations (cypress, cedar) and one secondary natural forest (pine) in Fukuoka Prefecture, southwest Japan. Consequently, saprophagous Anotylus sp. (Oxytelinae) was dominant in all forests. Analyses of feeding guild structure showed the number of individuals were dominated by saprophagous beetles, but the number of species were dominated by predatory beetles. Seasonal effects suggested that the species richness and abundance of rove beetles are possibly regulated by scarabaeoid dung beetles. These findings feature one example of a coprophilous rove beetle community.
Hierarchical population structure and genetic diversity of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) in a dendritic system in Northern Labrador
Authors: McCracken Gregory R. , Perry Robert , Keefe Donald , Ruzzante Daniel E. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Freshwater systems are ideal for landscape genetics studies; they generally exhibit asymmetry in gene flow with populations arranged in a hierarchical, dendritic fashion. Such gene flow asymmetry has the potential to influence the distribution of genetic variation, with downstream populations typically exhibiting higher genetic diversity than headwater populations.

Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) are widely distributed throughout temperate North America. We examined the relationship between landscape attributes, molecular genetic diversity and differentiation among lake trout populations inhabiting a hierarchically structured freshwater system in northern Labrador (the Kogaluk River drainage). Lake trout (N = 567) collected from ten lakes in this drainage were examined for polymorphism at 12 microsatellite loci. The lakes differed in connectivity, size, elevation and position within the Kogaluk catchment.

We observed relatively high levels of population structure and little migration among lakes. Waterfalls were identified as a factor contributing to the observed differentiation.

Although a preliminary analysis suggested an isolation‐by‐distance pattern, a subsequent decomposed pairwise regression analysis allowed the identification of outlier lakes. Removal of these outlier lakes and of one other headwater lake, isolated from the rest by several waterfalls, led to the disappearance of the isolation‐by‐distance pattern, suggesting very little or no migration among lakes despite migration being physically possible.

Estimates of effective population size correlated with lake area but did not differ between headwater and downstream populations, nor was there a relationship with elevation, a result consistent with the evidence of very little to zero gene flow among lakes.

Our study is the first to describe patterns of genetic diversity among lake trout populations inhabiting a spatially fragmented system in an ecologically pristine and sensitive area of northern Canada, the barren grounds of northern Labrador.
Long‐wave infrared radiation reflected by compression stockings in the treatment of cellulite: a clinical double‐blind, randomized and controlled study
Authors: Bagatin E. , Miot H. A. , Soares J. L. M. , Sanudo A. , Afonso J. P. J. M. , de Barros Junior N. , Talarico S. 
Published: June 2013

SynopsisBackgroundCellulite refers to changes in skin relief on the thighs and buttocks of women, with a prevalence of 80–90%, causing dissatisfaction and search for treatment. Etiopathogenesis is multifactorial, as follows: herniation of the hypodermis towards the dermis, facilitated by perpendicular fibrous septa, changes in the dermal extracellular matrix, decreased adiponectin, genetic polymorphism, microcirculation alterations and inflammatory process. There are numerous therapeutic approaches, with little evidence of effectiveness. The long‐wave infrared (LWIR) radiation interacts with water, improves microcirculation and stimulates metabolic processes. To date, the use of tissues with potential reflection of LWIR radiation has not been systematically investigated as adjuvant treatment for cellulite.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of the treatment of cellulite through the use of compression stockings made with thread reflecting LWIR radiation.Patients and methodsClinical study of therapeutic intervention, controlled and double‐blind, including 30 women, aging from 25 to 40 years, with cellulite of grades II and III on the thighs and buttocks who used compression stockings, “pantyhose” model, made with reflector thread of LWIR radiation, on only one randomized side. Women under other treatments for cellulite and with venous and/or blood insufficiencies were excluded. Evaluation of efficacy by clinical parameters, photographs, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), cutometry and high frequency ultrasonography and security by observation of adverse events and venous EcoDoppler recordings.ResultsDLQI scores showed significant reduction; the two‐dimensional high‐frequency ultrasonography showed an insignificant increase in dermal echogenicity as well as other efficacy parameters demonstrated no or slight improvement, with no differences between the sides exposed or not to LWIR; and there were no severe adverse events.ConclusionCompression stockings, with or without thread reflector of LWIR, showed slight effects in the appearance of cellulite, but the treatment determined a positive impact on women quality of life.
Jonathan Edwards on the Atonement
Authors: Hamilton S. Mark 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEvidence suggests Jonathan Edwards' adherence to a version of the penal substitution theory of atonement. Evidence also suggests that Edwards' version of the penal substitution theory requires certain metaphysical commitments about the nature of Christ's relationship to the elect, echoing those issued in his Original Sin 4.3, and elsewhere, regarding the relationship of Adam to his posterity. In what follows, I argue that such evidence points to Edwards' adherence to what has more recently been described in the literature of contemporary philosophical theology as an account of realist penal substitution.
The return to hospitality
Authors: CANDEA MATEI , DA COL GIOVANNI 
Published: June 2013

Anthropology has been largely absent from the recent explosion of interdisciplinary enthusiasm with hospitality across philosophy, political science, and cultural studies. Yet anthropology's living engagement with hospitality has been far deeper than that of any other discipline. This essay, which introduces the volume, aims to revitalize hospitality as a frontier area of theoretical development in anthropology by highlighting the topic's connections to some of our discipline's most vibrant themes and concerns: ethical reasoning, materiality, temporality and affect, alterity and cosmopolitics, sovereignty and scale.RésuméL'anthropologie a été la grande absente du récent engouement interdisciplinaire pour l'hospitalité qui a fédéré philosophie, politologie et études culturelles. Son engagement concret sur cette question est pourtant beaucoup plus profond que celui de toute autre discipline. Le présent essai, qui préface le volume, vise à raviver l'hospitalité en tant que zone frontière du développement théorique en anthropologie, en mettant en lumière ses liens avec certains des thèmes les plus vivants de notre discipline : raisonnement éthique, matérialité, temporalité et affect, altérité et cosmopolitique, souveraineté et échelle.
Parasitic Chinese, vengeful Russians: ghosts, strangers, and reciprocity in Mongolia
Authors: DELAPLACE GRéGORY 
Published: June 2013

This paper considers stories of haunting by ghosts of a foreign origin that have been circulating lately in the capital city of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar. These narratives, it is argued, depict Chinese and Russian people as very different kinds of strangers, defined by contrastive regimes of relationship with their host. Contrary to Russians, who are still remembered – rightly or not – as great providers, Chinese people are pictured in these stories as some kind of parasites, who constantly take from Mongolian land and never give anything in return.RésuméL'auteur examine ici les histoires de fantômes d'origine étrangère qui circulent depuis quelque temps dans la capitale de la Mongolie, Oulan‐Bator. Ces récits dépeignent les Chinois et les Russes comme des étrangers relevant de deux sortes, différenciées par des modes de relations avec l'hôte différents. À la différence des Russes, dont les Mongols gardent encore, à tort ou à raison, le souvenir d'un peuple qui leur a apporté beaucoup, ces histoires décrivent les Chinois comme des espèces de parasites qui passent leur temps à s'approprier la terre des Mongols sans rien donner en retour.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Ploidy and Proliferative Characteristics of Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Determined by Flow Cytometric Analysis
Authors: PAPPAS ALEX A. , MANERS ANN W. , OWENS REBECCA B. , THOMPSON JENNIFER R. , KING JOHN C. , DINEHART SCOTT M. 
Published: June 2013

background
: The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) index and the proliferative index (the fraction of cells in the S phase) can be independent prognostic indicators of the biologic aggressiveness of certain malignant neoplasms.
objective
: To determine whether the DNA index or proliferative index could predict metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.
methods
: Nineteen different metastases from 15 patients with primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were reviewed, graded, and had DNA proliferative indexing performed by fluorescent activated cytometry. A control group of 13 patients with primary cutaneous SCC without metastases were studied in a similar manner.
results
: No significant difference between the metastatic and the nonmetastatic SCC groups for either DNA index or proliferative index (non‐paired t‐test) was observed. No correlative association with histologic grading with DNA index or proliferative index was observed for either group.
conclusion
: We conclude that aneuploidy and S‐phase fraction by fluorescent activated cytometry are not significant predictors of potential metastases in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:957–960.
Microlipoinjection for the Elevation of Depressed Full‐Thickness Skin Grafts on the Nose
Authors: HAMBLEY RICHARD M. , CARRUTHERS J. ALASTAIR 
Published: June 2013

background
: Full‐thickness skin grafts on the dorsum of the nose may heal depressed and might benefit from elevation. Microlipoinjection has been used to elevate depressed tissue; however, the long‐term persistence of the augmentation is questioned.
objective
: To determine whether microlipoinjection beneath depressed full‐thickness grafts on the dorsum of the nose can provide effective and persistent graft elevation.
methods
: Microlipoinjection was performed at one to three sessions under depressed full‐thickness skin grafts on the nose of four patients. Their appearance was assessed clinically and photographically for the amount of correction at their last postmicrolipoinjection visit.
results
: All four patients had clinically significant elevation of their full‐thickness skin graft. In the two patients followed for over 3 years, significant augmentation persisted.
conclusion
: Microlipoinjection can provide cosmetically useful soft tissue augmentation under depressed full‐thickness skin grafts; this augmentation can persist. J Dermatol Surg Oncol 1992;18:963–968.
An Automatic Computerized Bipolar Coagulator for Dermatologic Surgery
Authors: BERGDAHL BJÖRN , STENQUIST BO 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. The problem with all bipolar diathermy equipment is the adherence of the tissue to the prongs of the forceps.OBJECTIVE and METHODS. We describe a new computerized bipolar coagulator (Coa‐Comp/M) with electronic feedback of the tissue impedance that automatically starts and shuts off coagulation thus preventing overheating, undue tissue damage and sticking of the forceps. The fully automation implies that no footswitch or handcontrol is necessary. The coagulator was tested during 2 years in advanced dermatologic surgery.RESULTS. A log memory recorded the number of coagulations according to effect and coagulation time. A power setting of 16W was appropriate for effective coagulation of most vessels; 99% of the coagulations were faster than 1.3 seconds necessitating automatic control for preventing sticking and charring.CONCLUSIONS. The automatic bipolar coagulator saves time and avoids sticking of the forceps. It is a useful tool in dermatologic surgery demanding repeated coagulations for hemostasis.
The Effect of Pre‐Education on Patient Compliance with Full‐Body Examination in a Public Skin Cancer Screening
Authors: LEFFELL DAVID J. , BERWICK MARIANNE , BOLOGNIA JEAN 
Published: June 2013

background. Public skin cancer screening has become increasingly common in recent years. However, currently there is no standardized procedure for these screenings. Full body skin examination as opposed to examination of sun‐exposed areas offers several advantages, including the opportunity to diagnose early melanoma in areas normally covered by clothing. Disadvantages of full body skin examination include patient resistance because of inconvenience and concerns about privacy and modesty. The additional time involved in full body skin examination may also be an impediment.objective. In a randomized double‐armed study, we studied whether patients were more likely to develop a positive attitude towards full body skin examination if they were advised beforehand, in writing, of the logic underlying the need for a complete examination.methods. Patients presenting to a public skin cancer screening were divided into two groups. Group A (N = 111) received a written explanation of the need for full body skin examination and Group B (N = 175) received no information. Patients were then surveyed, after the screening, about their attitudes towards full body skin examination.results. Those who received pre‐education were less likely (P < .05) to be concerned about a genital examination. Those who were concerned about a genital exam were compared with those who were not concerned about a genital exam, the former patients were: 1) younger (P < .05); 2) more concerned about privacy (P < .001); and 3) preferred a physician of the same sex (P < .001).conclusion. Providing patients with information about the need for full body skin examination decreases concern about undergoing a skin genital exam and may minimize resistance to full body skin examination in public skin cancer screenings.
Venous Ulceration
Authors: FALANGA VINCENT 
Published: June 2013

background. In the last few years, interest in the pathogenesis and treatment of venous ulceration has been rekindled by novel observations in fibrinolysis and an explosive growth in wound care products, respectively.objective. The purpose of this work is to summarize the salient clinical features of venous ulceration, its proposed pathogenesis, and conventional as well as future treatment modalities.RESULT. Venous ulceration is an increasingly common condition. Its pathogenesis is related to failure of the calf muscle pump, and treatment is directed at effective leg compression, avoidance of contact dermatitis, and proper wound care.conclusion. There is increased interest in both the pathogenic steps involved in venous ulceration and in treatment modalities. We suspect that incremental progress will occur in these areas in the next few years.
Topical Hyperbaric Therapy for Problem Skin Wounds
Authors: HENG MADALENE C.Y. 
Published: June 2013

background. Hyperbaric oxygen remains the sole treatment capable of inducing growth of new blood vessels. However, systemic hyperbaric oxygen therapy risks central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity.objective. To describe topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of recelcitrant open wounds.methods. Topical and systemic hyperbaric oxygen treatments are described and contrasted from one another. Applications of topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy are described.conclusion. Topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy is useful only for open wounds. The advantages of topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy include low cost, the lack of systemic oxygen toxicity, and effectiveness, allowing this treatment to be prescribed for many patients early in the course of their disease rather than as a last resort.
Pooled Analysis of the Efficacy of Bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) Immunotherapy in Malignant Melanoma
Authors: TAN JERRY K. L. , HO VINCENT C. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. The trials of bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) as adjuvant therapy in malignant melanoma conducted over the preceding 2 decades have presented conflicting claims of efficacy.OBJECTIVE. Determination of the role of BCG immunotherapy in malignant melanoma.METHODS. Critical analysis of randomized clinical trials of stage I and II melanoma and all reported trials of intralesional and oral BCG in stage III melanoma was conducted. A literature search used the Medline data base (1966–1992);bibliographic reviews of relevant texts and pertinent articles.RESULTS. No significant benefit of BCG as postsurgical adjuvant therapy in stage I malignant melanoma was observed. Although two of seven trials in stage II melanoma demonstrated benefit with the addition of BCG, the trial with the greatest power in this series detected no difference in outcomes. In stage III malignant melanoma, there was no significant benefit with addition of BCG to various chemotherapeutic regimens. Oral BCG monotherapy produced complete responses in 6%, partial responses in 1%, and extended survival in 7% of patients. Objective responses were observed primarily in patients with intracutaneous non‐visceral metastases. Pooled analysis of 15 non‐controlled trials of intralesional BCG injections revealed complete responses in 19%, partial responses in 26%, and extended survival in 13% of patients with stage III melanoma. Objective responses to intralesional BCG were more likely in patients with solely cutaneous metastases, particularly intradermal lesions.CONCLUSION. Pooled analysis of non‐placebo controlled trials of intralesional BCG for stage III malignant melanoma supports a trend to enhanced survival in patients with cutaneous non‐visceral metastases.
Comparison of Skin Hooks and Foley Catheters for Immediate Tissue Expansion
Authors: AULETTA MICHAEL J. , MATARASSO SETH L. , GLOGAU RICHARD G. , TROMOVITCH THEODORE A. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Immediate tissue expansion has been reported to expand skin sufficiently to permit primary closure of large facial defects up to 5 cm in diameter.OBJECTIVE. We wished to evaluate and compare skin hooks with foley catheters in producing tissue expansion.METHODS. Seven patients with post‐Mohs surgery defects measuring 3.0 to 5.5 cm in diameter and located on scalp, temple, or forehead skin were treated with immediate tissue expansion.RESULTS. Immediate tissue expansion provided a 16 to 36% increase in the tissue available for closure, over and above what was achieved by undermining alone. In each case, adequate stretching of skin was achieved to permit primary closure relatively easily, which was not possible with undermining alone. Skin hooks were found to be equivalent to foley catheters in their ability to produce tissue expansion. At the one year follow‐up visit, some spreading of the scar was noted, ranging from 1 to 7 mm, which appears in part to be related to the degree to which the skin was expanded.CONCLUSION. These findings support the concept that immediate tissue expansion is a separate and distinct process from undermining, which provides additional tissue for reconstructive surgery.
Advanced Use of Tissue Adhesive in Hair Transplantation
Authors: ELLIOTT ROBERT M. , THOMAS ROBERT A. , TRUE ROBERT H. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUND. Cobblestoning is an unsightly result of graft elevation in the recipient site after hair transplantation.OBJECTIVE. To describe the use of tissue adhesives for the avoidance of cobblestoning.RESULTS. The long‐term cosmetic appearance of hair transplants may be improved through the use of cyanoacrylate adhesives in the grafting process. The major contribution of the adhesive is the virtual elimination of the common problem of graft elevation or cobblestoning, which produces an unsightly bumpiness in the recipient area. The choice of type of adhesive and the method of application are central to successful use of this technique.CONCLUSION. The indirect benefits of elimination of the need for postoperative bandages and restrictions in activities couple with the cosmetic results to produce a high degree of patient satisfaction.