bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of artificial intelligence for graduate nursing education: An educational evaluation
Authors: Bumbach Michael D. , Carrington Jane M. , Love Rene , Bjarnadottir Ragnhildur , Cho Hwayoung , Keenan Gail 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTWith artificial intelligence (AI) rapidly advancing, advanced practice nurses must understand and use it responsibly. Here, we describe an assignment in which Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students learned to use generative text AI. Using our program and course outcomes, developed from the 2021 American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials competency for DNP students to learn and use AI, we reviewed the literature seeking examples using ChatGPT for the DNP informatics course. No published examples existed to guide us toward infusing a ChatGPT assignment into the course. We developed a novel assignment that included a guide for students on how to use ChatGPT. Students were given time before the assignment to learn the AI/chatbot technology. They were then given the assignment and grading rubric. The assignment was to develop a tool for their current or future practice using ChatGPT. During the course faculty debrief, we learned that few students had questions and the assignment was clear. We also learned that students who sought to develop straightforward, uncomplicated patient tools succeeded with the technology. Those who sought to create something for complex patients had more challenges. Nursing education and practice will be influenced by the increasing prevalence of AI. This manuscript outlines an AI-based assignment for graduate nursing education intended for the students to become familiar with current AI and best practices for patient care. The assignment was well received by students. We plan to use it again in the next course offering.
Toward a Diagnostic Imaging Algorithm for Undifferentiated Pulsatile Tinnitus
Authors: Cavarocchi Caitlin , Wong Kevin , Cao Austin C. , Hwa Tiffany P. , Quimby Alexandra E. , Eliades Steven J. , Ruckenstein Michael J. , Bigelow Douglas C. , Choudhri Omar A. , Brant Jason A. 
Published: July 2024

Objective
Decisions around the diagnostic evaluation for pulsatile tinnitus (PT) remain challenging. We describe the usage patterns and diagnostic accuracy of imaging modalities and propose an evidence-based diagnostic approach for undifferentiated PT.

Study Design
Retrospective.

Setting
Single otology/neurotology clinic.

Subjects
Patients with PT presenting between 2009 and 2020.

Main Outcome Measures
Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic yield, and diagnostic accuracy.

Results
A total of 315 subjects met inclusion criteria (74% female, mean ± SD age = 52 ± 17 years). Subjects were divided into four cohorts based on exam findings: normal (n = 229), venous cohort (n = 34), arterial cohort (n = 16), and outer/middle ear pathology cohort (n = 40). In total, 53% of patients received a nonidiopathic diagnosis for PT. The most common identifiable cause was sigmoid sinus dehiscence (78%) in the venous cohort, carotid stenosis (36%) in the arterial cohort, and glomus tumor (56%) in the outer/middle ear pathology cohort. There was a higher diagnostic rate among patients with positive exam findings compared to those with unrevealing exams (p = 0.04). Imaging studies with the highest diagnostic yield were computed tomography (CT) venography (44%), formal angiography (42%), and magnetic resonance venography (40%); studies with the highest specificity were formal angiography (0.82), CT angiography (0.67), and CT venography (0.67). A diagnostic algorithm is proposed.

Conclusions
Reaching a diagnosis in patients with PT requires a systematic approach, taking into account both clinical and radiographic information. Physical examination is a key first step for differentiating patients into venous, arterial, and other cohorts to narrow down the likely pathology and determine which radiographic studies have the highest yield and accuracy.
Prevalence of HIV-related stigma among people with HIV in Switzerland: addressing the elephant in the room
Authors: Kampouri Eleftheria , Damas José , Kusejko Katharina , Ledergerber Bruno , Braun Dominique , Nawej Tshikung Olivier , Hachfeld Anna , Weisser Maja , Wissel Kerstin , Bernasconi Enos , Cobos Manuel Isabel , Jackson-Perry David , Eriksson Lars E. , Reinius Maria , Cavassini Matthias , Darling Katharine E.A. ,   and the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS)
Published: July 2024

Objectives:
We aimed to determine the prevalence of HIV-related stigma among people with HIV (PWH) in Switzerland

Design:
A cross-sectional multicenter study nested within the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS).

Methods:
We included adult PWH enrolled in the SHCS, attending follow-up between March 1, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Inability to speak English, French, German, or Italian was the only exclusion criterion. Participants were invited to complete a validated 12-item HIV-stigma questionnaire comprising four stigma subscales (negative self-image, personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, and concerns regarding public attitudes), plus two healthcare-related stigma items. Questionnaire responses were graded using a four-point Likert-type scale, higher scores indicating higher stigma. “Non-applicable,” inferring HIV-status non-disclosure, was possible for personalized stigma; stigma scores from participants answering “non-applicable” to at least one item were analyzed separately. Factors associated with HIV-stigma were identified through multivariable linear models.

Results:
Of 9643 PWH with a SHCS visit, 5563 participated in the study: 26% were female, 13% Black, and 37% heterosexual; median age was 53 years (interquartile range 44–59); 2067 participants (37%) gave at least one “non-applicable” response. Disclosure concerns had the highest stigma scores and were reported by 4656/5563 (84%). HIV-stigma was reported across all demographic groups. However, being female, Black, and heterosexual were independently associated with higher scores. Higher education and longer follow-up duration were associated with lower scores. Healthcare-related stigma was reported in 37% of participants.

Conclusion:
HIV-stigma was prevalent across all demographic groups. The association with being female and Black suggests that HIV-stigma accentuates preexisting sex and race inequalities.
A 20-year retrospective analysis of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism among combat casualties requiring damage-control laparotomy at US military Role 2 surgical units
Authors: Cobler-Lichter Michael D. , Collie Brianna L. , Delamater Jessica M. , Shagabayeva Larisa , Lyons Nicole B. , Bustillos Luciana Tito , Namias Nicholas , Stallings Jonathan D. , Gross Kirby R. , Buzzelli Mark D. , Gurney Jennifer , Proctor Kenneth G. , Wetstein Paul J. 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Combat casualties receiving damage-control laparotomy at forward deployed, resource-constrained US military Role 2 (R2) surgical units require multiple evacuations, but the added risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in this population has not been defined. To fill this gap, we retrospectively analyzed 20 years of Department of Defense Trauma Registry data to define the VTE rate in this population.

METHODS
Department of Defense Trauma Registry from 2002 to 2023 was queried for US military combat casualties requiring damage-control laparotomy at R2. All deaths were excluded in subsequent analysis. Rates of VTE were assessed, and subgroup analysis was performed on patients requiring massive transfusion.

RESULTS
Department of Defense Trauma Registry (n = 288) patients were young (mean age, 25 years) and predominantly male (98%) with severe (mean Injury Severity Score, 26), mostly penetrating injury (76%) and high mortality. Venous thromboembolism rate was high: 15.8% (DVT, 10.3%; pulmonary embolism, 7.1%). In the massively transfused population, the VTE rate was even higher (26.7% vs. 10.2%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
This is the first report that combat casualties requiring damage-control laparotomy at R2 have such high VTE rates. Therefore, for military casualties, we propose screening ultrasound upon arrival to each subsequent capable echelon of care and low threshold for initiating thromboprophylaxis.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Kidney Transplantation in Patients With aHUS: A Comparison of Eculizumab Prophylaxis Versus Rescue Therapy
Authors: Duineveld Caroline , Glover Emily K. , Bouwmeester Romy N. , van de Kar Nicole C.A.J. , Kavanagh David , Wetzels Jack F.M. , Sheerin Neil S. 
Published: July 2024

Background.
Guidelines advise eculizumab prophylaxis for most kidney transplant recipients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). However, recurrence rates may be overestimated, and starting eculizumab at relapse (“rescue therapy”) may prevent graft loss. Randomized controlled trials have not compared the efficacy, safety, and costs of different treatment strategies. We performed a comparative study, including a previously described Dutch cohort treated with rescue therapy and a UK cohort using eculizumab prophylaxis.

Methods.
In the Netherlands, we selected all adult patients with aHUS who received a kidney transplant between 2010 and 2021 in the Radboud University Medical Center (n = 30) and enriched this cohort with 8 patients who received rescue therapy in other centers. The UK cohort included all adult patients with aHUS at moderate or high risk of recurrence, transplanted between 2013 and 2017 with prophylactic eculizumab.

Results.
We included 38 Dutch patients and 35 UK patients. Characteristics were comparable, although the UK cohort included more patients with a complement factor H SCR20 mutation or hybrid gene (31% versus 5%; P < 0.01), and more Dutch patients received living donor kidneys (66% versus 20%; P < 0.001). Follow-up was comparable (the Dutch patients 70.8 mo, range, 10–134; UK patients 55.4 mo, range, 2–95). Eighteen (47%) Dutch patients received rescue therapy. Death-censored graft survival was not significantly different (the Dutch patients 1 y, 3 y, and 6 y: 97.4%, 91.2%, and 87.1%, respectively; UK patients 1 y, 3 y, and 6 y: 97.1%, 88.2%, and 65.6%, respectively, log-rank P = 0.189).

Conclusions.
In a population characterized by low prevalence of “very high risk” genes, who were predominantly transplanted using an endothelial protective regime, death-censored graft survival with eculizumab rescue therapy was not inferior to prophylaxis.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes: increasingly complex
Authors: Ramdas Sithara , Beeson David , Dong Yin Yao 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Congenital myasthenia syndromes (CMS) are treatable, inherited disorders affecting neuromuscular transmission. We highlight that the involvement of an increasing number of proteins is making the understanding of the disease mechanisms and potential treatments progressively more complex.

Recent findings
Although early studies identified mutations of proteins directly involved in synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction, recently, next-generation sequencing has facilitated the identification of many novel mutations in genes that encode proteins that have a far wider expression profile, some even ubiquitously expressed, but whose defective function leads to impaired neuromuscular transmission. Unsurprisingly, mutations in these genes often causes a wider phenotypic disease spectrum where defective neuromuscular transmission forms only one component. This has implications for the management of CMS patients.

Summary
Given the widening nonneuromuscular junction phenotypes in the newly identified forms of CMS, new therapies need to include disease-modifying approaches that address not only neuromuscular weakness but also the multisystem involvement. Whilst the current treatments for CMS are highly effective for many subtypes there remains, in a proportion of CMS patients, an unmet need for more efficacious therapies.
Co-development of gut microbial metabolism and visual neural circuitry over human infancy
Authors: Bonham Kevin S. , Margolis Emma T. , Bottino Guilherme Fahur , Sobrino Ana , Patel Fadheela , McCann Shelley , Zieff Michal R. , Miles Marlie , Herr Donna , Davel Lauren , Bosco Cara ,   Khula South Africa Data Collection Team, Huttenhower Curtis , Pini Nicolò , Alexander Daniel C. , Jones Derek K. , Williams Steve C. R. , Amso Dima , Gladstone Melissa , Fifer William P. , Donald Kirsten A. , Gabard-Durnam Laurel J. , Klepac-Ceraj Vanja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInfancy is a time of elevated neuroplasticity supporting rapid brain and sensory development. The gut microbiome, also undergoing extensive developmental changes in early life, may influence brain development through metabolism of neuroactive compounds. Here, we leverage longitudinal data from 194 infants across the first 18 months of life to show that microbial genes encoding enzymes play a key role in modulating early neuroplasticity are associated with visual cortical neurodevelopment, measured by the Visual-Evoked Potential (VEP). Neuroactive compounds included neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate, the amino acid tryptophan, and short-chain fatty acids involved in myelination, including acetate and butyrate. Microbial gene sets around 4 months of age were strongly associated with the VEP from around 9 to 14 months of age and showed more associations than concurrently measured gene sets, suggesting microbial metabolism in early life may affect subsequent neural plasticity and development.
FhlA is a Formate Binding Protein
Authors: Al Fardan Abrar Abdullah , Koestler Benjamin James 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEscherichia coliuses glycolysis and mixed acid fermentation and produces formate as by product. One systemE. coliuses for formate oxidation is formate hydrogen lyase complex (FHL). The expression of the FHL complex is dependent on formate and regulated by the transcriptional regulator FhlA. The structure of FhlA is composed of three domains. The N-terminal domain is putatively responsible for formate binding and FhlA oligomerization as a tetramer, the central portion of FhlA contains a AAA+ domain that hydrolyzes ATP, and the C-terminal domain binds DNA. Formate enhances FhlA-mediated expression of FHL; however, FhlA direct interaction with formate has never been demonstrated. Formate-protein interactions are challenging to assess, due to the small and ubiquitous nature of the molecule. Here, we have developed three techniques to assess formate-protein interaction. We use these techniques to confirm that FhlA binds formate in the N-terminal domainin vitro, and that this interaction is partially dependent on residues E183 and E363, consistent with previous reports. This study is a proof of concept that these techniques can be used to assess other formate-protein interactions.
Modeling Nitric Oxide Diffusion and Plasticity Modulation in Cerebellar Learning
Authors: Trapani Alessandra Maria , Sartori Carlo Andrea , Gambosi Benedetta , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Antonietti Alberto 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNitric Oxide (NO) is a versatile signalling molecule with significant roles in various physiological processes, including synaptic plasticity and memory formation. In the cerebellum, NO is produced by neural NO Synthase and diffuses to influence synaptic changes, particularly at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses. This study aims to investigate NO’s role in cerebellar learning mechanisms using a biologically realistic simulation-based approach. We developed the NO Diffusion Simulator (NODS), a Python module designed to model NO production and diffusion within a cerebellar spiking neural network framework. Our simulations focus on the Eye-Blink Classical Conditioning protocol to assess the impact of NO modulation on long-term potentiation and depression at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses. The results demonstrate that NO diffusion significantly affects synaptic plasticity, dynamically adjusting learning rates based on synaptic activity patterns. This metaplasticity mechanism enhances the cerebellum’s capacity to prioritize relevant inputs and mitigate learning interference selectively modulating synaptic efficacy. Our findings align with theoretical models suggesting that NO serves as a contextual indicator, optimizing learning rates for effective motor control and adaptation to new tasks. The NODS implementation provides an efficient tool for large-scale simulations, facilitating future studies on NO dynamics in various brain regions and neurovascular coupling scenarios. By bridging the gap between molecular processes and network-level learning, this work underscores the critical role of NO in cerebellar function and offers a robust framework for exploring NO-dependent plasticity in computational neuroscience.
Muscle stem cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy exhibit molecular impairments and altered cell fate trajectories impacting regenerative capacity
Authors: Granet Jules A. , Robertson Rebecca , Filippelli Romina L. , Cusmano Alessio , Li Shulei , Yaqubi Moein , Stratton Jo Anne , Chang Natasha C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSatellite cells are muscle-resident stem cells that maintain and repair muscle. Increasing evidence supports the contributing role of satellite cells in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a lethal degenerative muscle disease caused by loss of dystrophin. However, whether or not satellite cells exhibit dysfunction due to loss of dystrophin remains unresolved. Here, we used single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to determine how dystrophin deficiency impacts the satellite cell transcriptome and cellular composition by comparing satellite cells frommdxand the more severe D2-mdxDMD mouse models. DMD satellite cells were disproportionally found within myogenic progenitor clusters and a previously uncharacterized DMD enriched cluster. Despite exposure to different dystrophic environments,mdxand D2-mdxsatellite cells exhibited overlapping impairments indicating cell-autonomous defects due to dystrophin deficiency. When comparing satellite stem cell versus myogenic progenitor populations, we identified unique dysfunctions between DMD and healthy satellite cells including apoptotic cell death and senescence, respectively. Pseudotime analyses revealed differences in cell fate trajectories indicating that DMD satellite cells are stalled in their differentiation capacity.In vivoregeneration assays confirmed that DMD satellite cells exhibit impaired myogenic gene expression and cell fate dynamics during regenerative myogenesis. These defects in differentiation capacity are accompanied by impaired senescence and autophagy dynamics. Finally, we demonstrate that inducing autophagy can rescue differentiation of DMD progenitors. Our findings provide novel molecular evidence of satellite cell dysfunction in DMD, expanding on our understanding of their role in its pathology and suggesting pathways to target and enhance their regenerative capacity.
Multi-omics analysis of a traditional fermented food reveals a byproduct-associated subpopulation ofNeurospora intermediafor waste-to-food upcycling
Authors: Rekdal Vayu Maini , Villalobos-Escobedo José Manuel , Rodriguez-Valeron Nabila , Garcia Mikel Olaizola , Vásquez Diego Prado , Rosales Alexander , Sörensen Pia M. , Baidoo Edward E. K. , de Carvalho Ana Calheiros , Riley Robert , Lipzen Anna , He Guifen , Yan Mi , Haridas Sajeet , Daum Christopher , Yoshinaga Yuko , Ng Vivian , Grigoriev Igor V. , Munk Rasmus , Wijaya Christofora Hanny , Nuraida Lilis , Damayanti Isty , Morales Pablo-Cruz , Keasling Jay. D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFungal solid-state fermentation (SSF) of byproducts has promise for increasing food sustainability and security, but fungal waste-to-food upcycling remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Here we use a multi-omics approach to characterize oncom – a fermented food traditionally produced from byproducts in Java, Indonesia – as a model system for understanding fungal waste conversion. Metagenomic sequencing of two oncom types (red and black) indicated thatNeurospora intermediais the fungus dominating red oncom. Further transcriptomic, metabolomic, and phylogenomic analysis revealed that oncom-derivedN. intermediautilizes pectin and cellulose degradation for substrate conversion and belongs to a distinct byproduct-associated subpopulation that differs from wild strains at the genetic and biochemical level. Finally, we found thatN. intermediagrew on a range of industrially relevant byproducts, did not encode for any known mycotoxins, and could be used to create foods that were positively perceived by consumers outside Indonesia. This study uncovers the microbial and genetic basis of a traditional upcycled food, sheds light on human domestication of microbes for sustainability challenges, and establishes the edibleN. intermediaas a promising fungus for byproduct upcycling in SSF and beyond.
In vivoquantification of anterior and posterior chamber volumes in mice: implications for aqueous humor dynamics
Authors: Kim Daniel , Fang Raymond , Zhang Pengpeng , Sun Cheng , Li Guorong , Montgomery Christa , John Simon W.M. , Stamer W. Daniel , Zhang Hao F. , Ethier C. Ross 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeAqueous humor inflow rate, a key parameter influencing aqueous humor dynamics, is typically measured by fluorophotometery. Analyzing fluorophotometric data depends,inter alia, on the volume of aqueous humor in the anterior, but not the posterior, chamber. Previous fluorophotometric studies of aqueous inflow rate in mice have assumed the ratio of anterior:posterior volumes in mice to be similar to those in humans. Our goal was to measure anterior and posterior chamber volumes in mice to facilitate better estimates of aqueous inflow rates.MethodsWe used standard near-infrared optical coherence tomography (OCT) and robotic visible-light OCT (vis-OCT) to visualize, reconstruct and quantify the volumes of the anterior and posterior chambers of the mouse eyein vivo. We used histology and micro-CT scans to validate relevant landmarks fromex vivotissues to facilitatein vivomeasurement.ResultsPosterior chamber volume is 1.1 times the anterior chamber volume in BALB/cAnNCrl mice, i.e. the anterior chamber constitutes about 47% of the total aqueous humor volume, which is very dissimilar to the situation in humans. Anterior chamber volumes in 2-month-old BALB/cAnNCrl and 7-month-old C57BL6/J mice were 1.55 ± 0.36 µL (n=10) and 2.41 ± 0.29 µL (n=8), respectively. This implies that previous studies likely over-estimated aqueous inflow rate by approximately two-fold.ConclusionsIt is necessary to reassess previously reported estimates of aqueous inflow rates, and thus aqueous humor dynamics in the mouse. For example, we now estimate that only 0-15% of aqueous humor drains via the pressure-independent (unconventional) route, similar to that seen in humans and monkeys.