bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid surgery as a 23-hour stay procedure
Authors: Perera AH , Patel SD , Law NW 
Published: April 2014

Introduction The main barriers to short stay thyroidectomy are haemorrhage, bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy causing respiratory compromise and hypocalcaemia. This study assessed the safety and effectiveness of thyroidectomy as a 23-hour stay procedure. Methods All patients undergoing total or completion thyroidectomy were prescribed calcium and vitamin D3 supplements following surgery. Retrospective analysis identified patients admitted for longer than 23 hours and any readmissions. Results A total of 164 patients were admitted for 23-hour stay thyroid surgery over a 25-month period between 2008 and 2010. Four patients (2%) required admission for longer than 23 hours. No patients required emergency intervention for postoperative haemorrhage or airway compromise. Biochemical hypocalcaemia (despite calcium supplements) was detected in one patient when measured at the outpatient clinic two weeks following surgery. Twelve patients (7.3%) attended the accident and emergency department following discharge; four required admission for intravenous antibiotics for wound infection and one for biochemical hypocalcaemia. Conclusions This single centre UK experience demonstrates that thyroidectomy can be carried out both safely and effectively as a 23-hour stay procedure. Prophylactic prescription of calcium and vitamin D3 reduces hypocalcaemia, and thereby also prolonged admission and readmission due to hypocalcaemia. Supplements are an acceptable, cost effective method of reducing hypocalcaemia and shortening postoperative length of stay.
The yield of colorectal cancer among fast track patients with normocytic and microcytic anaemia
Authors: Panagiotopoulou IG , Fitzrol D , Parker RA , Kuzhively J , Luscombe N , Wells AD , Menon M , Bajwa FM , Watson MA 
Published: April 2014

Introduction We receive fast track referrals on the basis of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) for patients with normocytic anaemia or for patients with no iron studies. This study examined the yield of colorectal cancer (CRC) among fast track patients to ascertain whether awaiting confirmation of IDA is necessary prior to performing bowel investigations. Methods A review was undertaken of 321 and 930 consecutive fast track referrals from Centre A and Centre B respectively. Contingency tables were analysed using Fisher’s exact test. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate significant predictors of CRC. Results Overall, 229 patients were included from Centre A and 689 from Centre B. The odds ratio for microcytic anaemia versus normocytic anaemia in the outcome of CRC was 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.5–3.9) for Centre A and 1.6 (95% CI: 0.8–3.3) for Centre B. In a logistic regression analysis (Centre B only), no significant difference in CRC rates was seen between microcytic and normocytic anaemia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.9, 95% CI: 0.9–3.9). There was no statistically significant difference in the yield of CRC between microcytic and normocytic anaemia (p=0.515, Fisher’s exact test) in patients with anaemia only and no colorectal symptoms. Finally, CRC cases were seen in both microcytic and normocytic groups with or without low ferritin. Conclusions There is no significant difference in the yield of CRC between fast track patients with microcytic and normocytic anaemia. This study provides insufficient evidence to support awaiting confirmation of IDA in fast track patients with normocytic anaemia prior to requesting bowel investigations.
Prompt laparoscopic cholecystectomy would reduce morbidity and save hospital resources
Authors: Rossi BWP , Bassett E , Martin M , Andrews S , Wajed S 
Published: April 2014

Introduction Limited resources and organisational problems often result in significant waiting times for patients presenting with an indication for cholecystectomy. This study investigated the potential false economy of such practice. Methods Retrospective analysis of all patients on a waiting list for cholecystectomy between July 2007 and October 2010 was performed. The hospital computer document management system and patients’ notes were used to collect data. Results A total of 1,021 patients were included in the study; 701 were listed from clinic and 320 were listed following an emergency admission. The median time on a waiting list before surgery was 96 days (range: 5–381 days). Eighty-seven patients (8.5%) had an emergency admission with a gallstone related problem while on a waiting list. This resulted in 488 cumulative inpatient days. There was a significant correlation between increased time spent on the waiting list and increased chance of an emergency admission (p=0.01). Patients added to the waiting list from emergency admissions were more likely to be admitted with complications than those listed from clinic (15.3% vs 5.4%, p<0.01). There was no association between age (p=0.53) or sex (p=0.23) and likelihood of emergency admission while on a waiting list. Conclusions Prompt elective surgery and same-admission emergency laparoscopic cholecystectomy can reduce waiting list patient morbidity and is likely to save resources in the long term.
A comparative study of the iron status of patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma to determine suitability for a clinical trial of iron chelation therapy
Authors: Ford SJ , Bedford MR , Pang W , Wood A , Iqbal T , Tselepis C , Tucker O 
Published: April 2014

Introduction The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is rising dramatically and overall survival remains extremely poor. Iron has been shown to potentiate tumourigenesis in OAC, and iron chelation therapy demonstrates promise in vivo as an adjunct to neoadjuvant and palliative chemotherapy. OAC, however, has traditionally been associated with iron deficiency anaemia. The aim of this study was therefore to formally quantify the iron status of OAC patients in order to guide the design of future clinical trials involving iron chelation therapy. Methods Demographic and cancer specific data were collected prospectively from all patients presenting with OAC and gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Patients had haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) levels measured to assess systemic iron status. In addition, the sTfR/log ferritin (sTfR-F) index was calculated. Results Average haemoglobin, serum iron, serum ferritin, sTfR and sTfR-F index values for all patients presenting with OAC were within normal sex specific reference ranges. No statistical difference in iron status was observed between OAC patients presenting with resectable and advanced OAC. Patients with OAC are relatively iron replete compared with those presenting with GAC. Iron parameters were not significantly altered by standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusions Patients presenting with resectable or advanced OAC could be considered as candidates for a clinical trial of iron chelation therapy as an addition to standard neoadjuvant or palliative treatments.
The rising rate of admissions for tonsillitis and neck space abscesses in England, 1991–2011
Authors: Lau AS , Upile NS , Wilkie MD , Leong SC , Swift AC 
Published: April 2014

Introduction Sore throats and tonsillitis represent a considerable health burden as well as a significant source of expenditure for the National Health Service (NHS). As part of the recent NHS savings drive, the introduction of ‘procedures of low clinical effectiveness’ (PoLCE) lists has reinforced a large reduction in the number of tonsillectomies performed. We carried out a cross-sectional study of trends in emergency sore throat admissions in the context of the number of tonsillectomies performed. Methods Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data were extracted. Office for National Statistics data were also used. Results Between 1991 and 2011, the overall tonsillectomy rate fell by 44%. In the same time, the admission rate for tonsillitis rose by 310% (Pearson’s r=–0.67, p=0.01). The peritonsillar abscess admission rate rose by 31% (r=–0.79, p<0.01). Between 1996 and 2011, the overall tonsillectomy rate fell by 41% and the retro and parapharyngeal abscess admission rate rose by 39% (r=–0.55, p=0.026). There was a 14% overall increase in tonsillectomy and sore throat associated bed days. This was despite the large fall in tonsillectomy numbers and the reduction in length of hospital stay. Conclusions Efforts to reduce the tonsillectomy rate are correlated with a significant rise in emergency admissions. The rise in the retro and parapharyngeal abscess rate is perhaps most alarming given the very high mortality of these conditions. Bed day data suggest that no net saving has been made despite the new measures.
Media gatekeepers and the rise of networked readers: Revisiting the contra-crack controversy
Authors: Tripp Stephanie 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The San Jose Mercury News was at the cutting edge of new media journalism when it published its controversial series investigating ties between the CIA, the Nicaraguan Contras, and the flow of crack cocaine into poor Los Angeles neighbourhoods. The attack on the series by the print media elite and its failure to suppress the story’s spread through traditional modes of gatekeeping marked an important moment for journalism. This article examines the controversy within the context of our transition from a print-based to a digital culture and explores the emerging role of networked readers in knowledge production and legitimation.
Whose event? Official versus journalistic framing of the fifth Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC V)
Authors: Wekesa Bob 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The article contributes to the fledgling literature in the China–Africa communications field by approaching the topic from the perspective of an event – the fifth conference of the Forum on China Africa Cooperation (FOCAC V). It proposes that by analysing FOCAC V specifically, and the FOCAC phenomenon generally, new and interesting insights might be gained into the interests of the various players – namely, Chinese officials, African officials and the African media. It also contributes new perspectives in leveraging the framing of a communication theory as a means of drilling down to the motivations, tensions, confluences and divergences inherent in the China–Africa relations – a transnational engagement that continues to draw animated discussions and debate in and out of academia.
Performing patriotic citizenship: Zimbabwean diaspora and their online newspaper reading practices
Authors: Chari Tendai 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Zimbabweans in the diaspora engage in various forms of material and psycho-social remitting in order to maintain links with the homeland. Although geographically disconnected from their motherland, collective and idealized memories of the homeland linger long after leaving the country. This article focuses on the psycho-social dimension of the diaspora through an examination of the online news consumption practices of the Zimbabwean diaspora. The objective is to contribute on theoretical debates about the way in which the diaspora imagine their citizenship in the digital age. Data were elicited through an open-ended questionnaire e-mailed to Zimbabweans in the diaspora selected using the snowball sampling method. In addition, in-depth interviews with five of the respondents based in South Africa were also held to complement the survey data. The article argues that Zimbabwean diaspora use online newspapers to assert their membership to the Zimbabwean political community. This active information-seeking disposition of the diaspora is an affirmation of their loyalty to the homeland regardless of the social, economic and political reality in the homeland. The symbolic assertion of transnational loyalty by the Zimbabwean diaspora to the homeland could be viewed as a performance of patriotic citizenship through seeking of collective identification around the nation state.
The Libido-Maker’s Apprentice: Working the Window’s Proscenium
Authors: Matthews Alison 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article proposes that by focusing on the professional complications of working in one-to-one encounters outside of the nominally aesthetic realm, performance-makers and researchers might discover ways of either mimicking or rupturing the form’s potential as theatre. My position as performer-participant in this enquiry echoes the original logic of Dorothy Smith’s writing on standpoint epistemology, and responds to its critiques by articulating the visceral affect of the triangulated relations found in these (legalized) encounters and by engaging with them through their own terms of payment. The article begins by contextualizing itself in the legacy of institutional critique, especially the work of Andrea Fraser. It moves on to consider three case studies: one account of practice-as-research or ‘apprenticeship’ and two performance analyses. Each of these case studies considers the work of sex workers in Amsterdam’s Red Light District as performance, and seeks to uncover the spectatorial and economic relations within each encounter, most specifically through René Girard’s theory of ‘triangular desire’. The article moves on to consider how the spectatorial and economic relations within these three different sex work ‘performances’ might expand our understanding of the one-to-one performer’s working knowledge, as well as further a discussion on the subversive and ethically illuminating potential of incorporating transaction into performance. It finishes by considering the radical and metaphysical potential of using money within one-to-one practices.
Slots, Slaps, Sluts and Other Cheap Thrills: Promiscuity, Desire and Labour in one-to-one Performance
Authors: Kartsaki Eirini , Zerihan Rachel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this article we explore ethical concerns, the function of promiscuity and the fuel of desire in one-to-one performance work. Looking at examples by ORLAN, Jess Dobkin and Owen G. Parry, we work to map out tentative yet tenacious versions of our experiences of this form. Employing Levinasian ethics to consider the encounter from the perspective of an audience member, Zerihan examines erotics and ethics in relation to the economies of one-to-one performance. Kartsaki’s focus is on ‘The Promiscuous Spectator’, through which she considers the insatiability of desire in performance. Reflecting on examples of performance work, Kartsaki highlights the relationship between desire, repetition and the potential efficacy in the ongoing hunt for fulfilment. Together, the authors’ contributions reflect a short critical study, offering two distinct, yet overlapping perspectives on one-to-one performance.
Feeding the People, Feeding the Spirit: Revitalizing Northwest Coastal Indian Food
Authors: Anderson E. N. 
Published: April 2014

Review of Feeding the People, Feeding the Spirit: Revitalizing Northwest Coastal Indian Food. Elise Krohn and Valerie Segrest. 2010. Northwest Indian College, Bellingham, WA. Pp. x + 158, copiously illustrated, tables, bibliography.
Ethnobotany of the Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait of Kugluktuk, Nunavut, Canada
Authors: Davis Jonathan Duffy , Banack Sandra Anne 
Published: April 2014

The disparity in floral diversity between tropical and arctic regions is reflected in a paucity of ethnobotanical research among arctic cultures. The Kiluhikturmiut Inuinnait are an Inuit subpopulation who inhabit the Kitikmeot Region of the Territory of Nunavut in Canada’s Arctic. We conducted an ethnobotanical survey in the Inuinnait hamlet of Kugluktuk to document the traditional uses of plants as food, materials, and medicine. Data were gathered through unstructured interviews, participant observation, purposive sampling, and voucher-specimen collection of all plants used. Uses were documented for 23 plant species/types contained in 14 families. Nine species/types were eaten, six species/types were used as materials, and 12 species were used for medicine. Villagers shared common knowledge of plants used for food and materials; however, knowledge of medicinal plants was restricted to a single healer. We argue that specialized knowledge such as the use of medicinal plants is important to document especially when the number individuals using this knowledge is dwindling.
When Is a Fish Not a Fish? Questions Raised by a Nage Life-Form Category
Authors: Forth Gregory 
Published: April 2014

Speakers of a Central-Malayo-Polynesian language, the Nage inhabit the central region of the eastern Indonesian island of Flores. Their folk taxonomy of animals (ana wa) contains three named life-form taxa, one of which is ika, fish. A review of component folk-generic taxa, however, reveals that Nage do not classify five kinds of freshwater fish as ‘fish’ (ika), even though they further apply ika to various marine fish (including sharks and rays) as well as to marine mammals. The article considers this peculiarity of Nage folk zoological taxonomy, and how it might affect an understanding of ika as denoting a ‘fish’ life-form taxon. The main conclusion is that the five excluded categories—distinguished largely on morphological and behavioural grounds, and conveniently designated as the ‘tebhu cluster’, after one of their members—are contrasted primarily with freshwater species which Nage do classify as ‘fish’ (ika). Specified by name as ika lowo (‘river fish’), these are further contrasted with another named folk-intermediate taxon of ‘marine fish’ (ika mesi). From this, it is argued that, as a life-form category, ika should be understood as implicitly including the five members of the ‘tebhu cluster’ as a third, albeit covert, folk-intermediate taxon.
Ethnobotany of Tl'azt'en Nation: Plant Use and Gathering Site Characteristics
Authors: Shaw Leona R. , Young Jane P. 
Published: April 2014

Aboriginal people have intimate and venerable relationships with the environment, and plants were and still are important for food, medicine, and cultural purposes. The present research is a collaborative project between Tl'azt'en Nation (located in northcentral British Columbia, just north of Fort St. James) and the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC). The objectives of the study were to collect Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) to gain an understanding of the criteria for gathering individual plants for food or medicine use, and to understand why traditional plant gathering sites may fall out of use. Multiple methods were used to gather information from knowledgeable Tl'azt'enne community members including focus groups, interviews, and field trips. Community members possess deep understandings of plants and their gathering sites. People’s concerns include the loss of TEK and changing landscapes due to the effects of disturbances on their lands. The knowledge gathered and documented throughout the study can be used to promote the preservation of the culture and language of Tl'azt'en Nation
The Effects of Food Processing on the Archaeological Visibility of Maize: An Experimental Study of Carbonization of Lime-treated Maize Kernels
Authors: Dezendorf Caroline 
Published: April 2014

This paper explores the effects of maize processing on the carbonization and preservation of maize kernels in the archaeological record. The shift to processing maize with lime (known as hominy production in the Eastern Woodlands and nixtamalization in Mesoamerica) in ancient times had the effect of making maize more nutritious through increasing the availability of calcium, niacin, dietary fiber, and essential amino acids. Less understood is how this process of cooking maize in a lime solution affects the archaeological preservation of maize; if there is a clear difference in the archaeological signature of maize remains that are and are not processed this way, then this process may be identifiable in the archaeological record. To this end, an experiment was constructed analyzing the variation in size between dried and alkali processed maize kernels before and after carbonization. Results indicate that alkali processed maize kernels are less likely to fragment during carbonization.
Sustainable Lifeways: Cultural Persistence in an Ever-Changing Environment
Authors: Ramsey Monica 
Published: April 2014

Book review of Sustainable Lifeways: Cultural Persistence in an Ever-Changing Environment. Naomi F. Miller, Katherine M. Moore, Kathleen Ryan, editors. 2011. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia. Pp. 352, 73 illustrations. $65.00 (cloth). ISBN 9787934536193.
THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta in adults
Authors: Lindahl Katarina , Langdahl Bente , Ljunggren Östen , Kindmark Andreas 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundOsteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous rare connective tissue disorder commonly caused by mutations in the collagen type I genes. Pharmacological treatment has been most extensively studied in children, and there are only few studies comprising adult OI patients.Objectivesi) To review the literature on the current medical management of OI in children and adults, and thereby identify unmet medical needs and ii) to present an overview of possible future treatment options.ResultsIndividualization and optimization of OI treatment in adults remain a challenge, because available treatments do not target the underlying collagen defect, and available literature gives weak support for treatment decisions for adult patients.ConclusionsBisphosphonates are still the most widely used pharmacological treatment for adult OI, but the current evidence supporting this is sparse and investigations on indications for choice and duration of treatment are needed.
Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Genetic Damage in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Plywood Workers
Authors: Lin Dafeng , Guo Yaojing , Yi Jihu , Kuang Dan , Li Xiaohai , Deng Huaxin , Huang Kun , Guan Lei , He Yunfeng , Zhang Xiao , Hu Die , Zhang Zhihu , Zheng Hongyan , Zhang Xiaomin , Mchale Cliona M. , Zhang Luoping , Wu Tangchun 
Published: April 2014

Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Genetic Damage in the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Plywood Workers: Dafeng LIN, et al. Institute of Occupational Medicine and the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China—ObjectivesWe sought to clarify the association of occupational formaldehyde exposure with DNA strand breaks, chromosome damage and DNA‐protein crosslinks (DPCs) in the peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes of plywood workers.MethodsWe determined Olive tail moment (OTM) values, micronucleus (MN) frequencies and DPC rates of the PB lymphocytes in 178 workers divided into control and lower and higher exposure groups according to their current formaldehyde exposure levels and examined the association of each end point with formaldehyde exposure levels and with the number of work years. We also examined each end point in an additional 62 workers before and after an 8‐hour formaldehyde exposure for validating the association.ResultsOTM values increased significantly in the two exposure groups compared with those in the control group (p<0.05 for both) and were associated with increasing formaldehyde exposure levels =0.002), while MN frequencies increased with (ptrend increasing numbers of work years (p<0.001). The trend dynamic study showed that OTM values and DPC rates increased after an 8‐hour formaldehyde exposure compared with those before the exposure (p<0.001, p=0.019, respectively), that, in a dose‐dependent manner, OTM values were associated with formaldehyde exposure levels during work hours (p=0.005) and that MN frequencies before and after the 8‐hour work exposure were associated with numbers of work years (p=0.029, p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionsWe found a dose‐response relationship between the current formaldehyde exposure levels and DNA strand breaks and between duration of exposure and chromosome damage in the PB lymphocytes of plywood workers.