bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective analysis of pharmacist interventions in an ambulatory palliative care practice
Authors: Ma Joseph D , Tran Victor , Chan Carissa , Mitchell William M , Atayee Rabia S 
Published: October 2015

Background We have previously reported the development of an outpatient palliative care practice under pharmacist–physician collaboration. The Doris A. Howell Service at the University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center includes two pharmacists who participate in a transdisciplinary clinic and provide follow-up care to patients. Objective This study evaluated pharmacist interventions and patient outcomes of a pharmacist-led outpatient palliative care practice. Methods This was a retrospective data analysis conducted at a single, academic, comprehensive cancer center. New (first visit) patient consultations were referred by an oncologist or hematologist to an outpatient palliative care practice. A pharmacist evaluated the patient at the first visit and at follow-up (second, third, and fourth visits). Medication problems identified, medication changes made, and changes in pain scores were assessed. Results Eighty-four new and 135 follow-up patient visits with the pharmacist occurred from March 2011 to March 2012. All new patients ( n = 80) were mostly women ( n = 44), had localized disease ( n = 42), a gastrointestinal cancer type ( n = 21), and were on a long-acting ( n = 61) and short-acting ( n = 70) opioid. A lack of medication efficacy was the most common problem for symptoms of pain, constipation, and nausea/vomiting that was identified by the pharmacist at all visits. A change in pain medication dose and initiation of a new medication for constipation and nausea/vomiting were the most common interventions by the pharmacist. A statistically significant change in pain score was observed for the third visit, but not for the second and fourth visits. Conclusions A pharmacist-led outpatient palliative care practice identified medication problems for management of pain, constipation, and nausea/vomiting. Medication changes involved a change in dose and/or initiating a new medication. Trends were observed in improvement and stabilization of pain over subsequent clinic visits.
Cost-analysis of teledentistry in residential aged care facilities
Authors: Mariño Rodrigo , Tonmukayakul Utsana , Manton David , Stranieri Andrew , Clarke Ken 
Published: October 2015

Introduction The purpose of this research was to conduct a cost-analysis, from a public healthcare perspective, comparing the cost and benefits of face-to-face patient examination assessments conducted by a dentist at a residential aged care facility (RACF) situated in rural areas of the Australian state of Victoria, with two teledentistry approaches utilizing virtual oral examination. Methods The costs associated with implementing and operating the teledentistry approach were identified and measured using 2014 prices in Australian dollars. Costs were measured as direct intervention costs and programme costs. A population of 100 RACF residents was used as a basis to estimate the cost of oral examination and treatment plan development for the traditional face-to-face model vs. two teledentistry models: an asynchronous review and treatment plan preparation; and real-time communication with a remotely located oral health professional. Results It was estimated that if 100 residents received an asynchronous oral health assessment and treatment plan, the net cost from a healthcare perspective would be AU$32.35 (AU$27.19–AU$38.49) per resident. The total cost of the conventional face-to-face examinations by a dentist would be AU$36.59 ($30.67–AU$42.98) per resident using realistic assumptions. Meanwhile, the total cost of real-time remote oral examination would be AU$41.28 (AU$34.30–AU$48.87) per resident. Discussion Teledental asynchronous patient assessments were the lowest cost service model. Access to oral health professionals is generally low in RACFs; however, the real-time consultation could potentially achieve better outcomes due to two-way communication between the nurse and a remote oral health professional via health promotion/disease prevention delivered in conjunction with the oral examination.
Risk Factors for Puncture Site Complications After Endovascular Procedures in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Hackl Gerald , Gary Thomas , Belaj Klara , Hafner Franz , Eller Philipp , Brodmann Marianne 
Published: October 2015

Objective: To compare femoral access site closure techniques and to highlight risk factors for puncture site complications after lower extremity endovascular procedures. Methods: This retrospective study included 787 patients. Procedures were performed according to a standardized protocol. Puncture site complications within 24 hours were regarded as study end points. Results: Ninety (11.5%) puncture site complications were registered. Conventional manual compression (n = 87, 11.1%) was significantly associated with puncture site complications (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, P = .03). Body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR 0.54, P = .01) and prothrombin time > 70% (OR 0.38, P = .04) were protective. All bleeding occurred in procedures >45 minutes. Blood pressure >200 mm Hg and below the knee (BTK) procedures were strong predictors for access site complications (OR 4.21, P = .01 and OR 3.33, P = .02). Conclusions: We observed an inferiority of conventional manual compression. Age, procedure duration > 45 minutes, BTK procedures, uncontrolled hypertension, and impaired coagulation were risk factors.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Using the Undersurface Technique
Authors: Rubenis Imants , Lam Patrick H. , Murrell George A.C. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has traditionally been performed in the subacromial space from the bursal side of the tendon. The undersurface rotator cuff repair technique involves the arthroscope remaining in the glenohumeral joint, thus viewing the tendon from its undersurface during repair without a bursectomy or acromioplasty. Purpose: To compare the clinical and structural outcomes of undersurface rotator cuff repair with bursal-side repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data was conducted on 2 cohorts of patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with knotless suture anchors configured in a single-row formation using inverted mattress–style sutures from either the bursal side (n = 100) or undersurface (n = 165) of the supraspinatus tendon. Data were collected preoperatively, intraoperatively, and at 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 2 years postoperatively. At each time point, patients completed a modified L’Insalata questionnaire to assess patient-ranked pain scores and were clinically examined using standardized tests. Ultrasound examination was performed at 6 months and 2 years to assess the integrity of the repair. Results: At 2 years postoperatively, patients in both cohorts had significantly less pain and less difficulty with overhead activities compared with preoperative levels ( P < .001). The type of repair performed (bursal or undersurface) did not affect the ability to perform overhead activities at 2 years. At 2 years, both groups also had similar retear rates (21% for bursal side, 23% for undersurface). The mean operative time for the arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was 32 minutes when performed from the bursal side and 20 minutes when performed from the undersurface ( P < .001). Conclusion: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, whether performed from the subacromial space or glenohumeral joint, resulted in decreased levels of pain and difficulty with overhead activities at 2 years. The major difference between the 2 techniques was operative time, with the undersurface technique being performed significantly faster than the bursal-side repair technique.
Transplantation of human Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells highly expressing TGFβ receptors in a rabbit model of disc degeneration
Authors: Ahn Jongchan , Park Eun-mi , Kim Byeong Ju , Kim Jin-Soo , Choi Bogyu , Lee Soo-Hong , Han Inbo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered to hold promise for the treatment of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. However, variation in the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs is a major problem and the derivation of MSCs for use in IVD regeneration has not been optimized. Additionally, no data are available on the efficacy of Wharton’s Jelly-derived MSC (WJ-MSC) transplantation in an animal model of IVD degeneration.

Methods
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a cross-linked hyaluronic acid (XHA) scaffold loaded with human WJ-MSCs, according to their expression levels of transforming growth factor-β receptor I/activin-like kinase receptor 5 (TβRI/ALK5) and TβRII, for IVD regeneration in a rabbit model. We compared the degree of IVD regeneration between rabbits transplanted with a XHA scaffold loaded with WJ-MSCs highly and lowly expressing TβRI/ALK5 and TβRII (MSC-highTR and MSC-lowTR, respectively) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological analysis.

Results
At 12 weeks after transplantation, T2-weighted MRI analysis showed significant restoration of the disc water content in rabbits treated with a MSC-highTR-loaded XHA scaffold in comparison to rabbits treated with the scaffold alone or a MSC-lowTR-loaded XHA scaffold. In addition, morphological and histological analyses revealed that IVD regeneration was highest in rabbits transplanted with a MSC-highTR-loaded XHA scaffold.

Conclusion
Taken together, our results suggest that a MSC-highTR-loaded XHA scaffold supports IVD regeneration more effectively than a MSC-lowTR-loaded XHA scaffold. This study supports the potential clinical use of MSC-highTR-loaded XHA scaffolds to halt IVD degeneration or to enhance IVD regeneration.
Role of Fenugreek in the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetes
Authors: Gaddam Arpana , Galla Chandrakala , Thummisetti Sreenivas , Marikanty Ravi Kumar , Palanisamy Uma D. , Rao Paturi V. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Background
It is hypothesized that dietary supplementation with Fenugreek modulates glucose homeostasis and potentially prevents diabetes mellitus in people with prediabetes. The objective of present study is to determine whether Fenugreek can prevent the outcome of T2DM in non diabetic people with prediabetes.

Methods
A 3-year randomized, controlled, parallel study for efficacy of Fenugreek (n = 66) and matched controls (n = 74) was conducted in men and women aged 30–70 years with criteria of prediabetes. Fenugreek powder, 5 g twice a day before meals, was given to study subjects and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was monitored at baseline and every 3 months for the 3-year study.

Results
By the end of intervention period, cumulative incidence rate of diabetes reduced significantly in Fenugreek group when compared to controls. The Fenugreek group also saw a significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), postprandial plasma glucose (PPPG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) whereas serum insulin increased significantly. It was observed that controls had 4.2 times higher chance of developing diabetes compared to subjects in the Fenugreek group. The outcome of diabetes in Fenugreek group was positively associated with serum insulin and negatively associated with insulin resistance (HOMA IR).

Conclusions
Dietary supplementation of 10 g Fenugreek/day in prediabetes subjects was associated with lower conversion to diabetes with no adverse effects and beneficial possibly due to its decreased insulin resistance.
γδ T cells protect against LPS-induced lung injury
Authors: Wehrmann Fabian , Lavelle James C , Collins Colm B , Tinega Alex N , Thurman Joshua M , Burnham Ellen L , Simonian Philip L 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
γδ T lymphocytes are a unique T cell population with important anti-inflammatory capabilities. Their role in acute lung injury, however, is poorly understood but may provide significant insight into lung-protective mechanisms occurring after injury. In a murine model of lung injury, wild-type C57BL/6 and TCRδ−/− mice were exposed to Escherichia coli LPS, followed by analysis of γδ T cell and macrophage subsets. In the absence of γδ T cells, TCRδ−/− mice developed increased inflammation and alveolar-capillary leak compared with wild-type C57BL/6 mice after LPS exposure that correlated with expansion of distinct macrophage populations. Classically activated M1 macrophages were increased in the lung of TCRδ−/− mice at d 1, 4, and 7 after LPS exposure that peaked at d 4 and persisted at d 7 compared with wild-type animals. In response to LPS, Vγ1 and Vγ7 γδ T cells were expanded in the lung and expressed IL-4. Coculture experiments showed decreased expression of TNF-α by resident alveolar macrophages in the presence of γδ T cells that was reversed in the presence of an anti-IL-4-blocking antibody. Treatment of mice with rIL4 resulted in reduced numbers of M1 macrophages, inflammation, and alveolar-capillary leak. Therefore, one mechanism by which Vγ1 and Vγ7 γδ T cells protect against LPS-induced lung injury is through IL-4 expression, which decreases TNF-α production by resident alveolar macrophages, thus reducing accumulation of M1 macrophages, inflammation, and alveolar-capillary leak.
Characterization of lung infection–induced TCRγδ T cell phenotypes by CyTOF mass cytometry
Authors: Wanke-Jellinek Lorenz , Keegan Joshua W , Dolan James W , Lederer James A 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
T cell receptor γδ cells are known to be the primary effector T cells involved in the response to bacterial infections, yet their phenotypic characteristics are not as well established as other T cell subsets. In this study, we used cytometry by time-of-flight mass cytometry to better characterize the phenotypic response of T cell receptor γδ cells to Streptococcus pneumoniae lung infection. Mice were infected, and cells from lung washouts, spleen, and lymph nodes were stained to detect cell-surface, intracellular, and signaling markers. We observed that infection caused a significant increase in T cell receptor γδ cells, which expressed high interferon-γ and interleukin-17A levels. Profiling T cell receptor γδ cells by cytometry by time-of-flight revealed that activated γδ T cells uniquely coexpressed cell-surface Gr-1, cluster of differentiation 14, and cluster of differentiation 274 (programmed death-ligand 1). Further classification of Gr-1 expression patterns on T cell receptor γδ cells demonstrated that Gr-1+ T cell receptor γδ cells were the primary source of interferon-γ, whereas Gr-1− cells mostly expressed interleukin-17A. Gr-1+ T cell receptor γδ cells also showed higher ζ-chain–associated protein kinase 70, p38, and 4eBP1 signaling in response to infection as compared with Gr-1− T cell receptor γδ cells. Taken together, Gr-1 expression patterns on γδ T cells in the lung provide a robust marker to differentiate interferon-γ– and interleukin-17A–producing subsets involved in the early immune response to bacterial pneumonia.
Real-time in vivo imaging reveals the ability of neutrophils to remove Cryptococcus neoformans directly from the brain vasculature
Authors: Zhang Mingshun , Sun Donglei , Liu Gongguan , Wu Hui , Zhou Hong , Shi Meiqing 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Although neutrophils are typically the first immune cells attracted to an infection site, little is known about how neutrophils dynamically interact with invading pathogens in vivo. Here, with the use of intravital microscopy, we demonstrate that neutrophils migrate to the arrested Cryptococcus neoformans, a leading agent to cause meningoencephalitis, in the brain microvasculature. Following interactions with C. neoformans, neutrophils were seen to internalize the organism and then circulate back into the bloodstream, resulting in a direct removal of the organism from the endothelial surface before its transmigration into the brain parenchyma. C. neoformans infection led to enhanced expression of adhesion molecules macrophage 1 antigen on neutrophils and ICAM-1 on brain endothelial cells. Depletion of neutrophils enhanced the brain fungal burden. Complement C3 was critically involved in the recognition of C. neoformans by neutrophils and subsequent clearance of the organism from the brain. Together, our finding of the direct removal of C. neoformans by neutrophils from its arrested site may represent a novel mechanism of host defense in the brain, in addition to the known, direct killing of microorganisms at the infection sites. These data are the first to characterize directly the dynamic interactions of leukocytes with a microbe in the brain of a living animal.
Loss of arylformamidase with reduced thymidine kinase expression leads to impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Hugill Alison J. , Stewart Michelle E. , Yon Marianne A. , Probert Fay , Cox I. Jane , Hough Tertius A. , Scudamore Cheryl L. , Bentley Liz , Wall Gary , Wells Sara E. , Cox Roger D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Tryptophan metabolites have been linked in observational studies with type 2 diabetes, cognitive disorders, inflammation and immune system regulation. A rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan conversion is arylformamidase (Afmid), and a double knockout of this gene and thymidine kinase (Tk) has been reported to cause renal failure and abnormal immune system regulation. In order to further investigate possible links between abnormal tryptophan catabolism and diabetes and to examine the effect of single Afmid knockout, we have carried out metabolic phenotyping of an exon 2 Afmid gene knockout. These mice exhibit impaired glucose tolerance, although their insulin sensitivity is unchanged in comparison to wild-type animals. This phenotype results from a defect in glucose stimulated insulin secretion and these mice show reduced islet mass with age. No evidence of a renal phenotype was found, suggesting that this published phenotype resulted from loss of Tk expression in the double knockout. However, despite specifically removing only exon 2 of Afmid in our experiments we also observed some reduction of Tk expression, possibly due to a regulatory element in this region. In summary, our findings support a link between abnormal tryptophan metabolism and diabetes and highlight beta cell function for further mechanistic analysis.
The zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle as a model system for the molecular mechanisms by which the lack of Polycystin-2 leads to stimulation of CFTR
Authors: Roxo-Rosa Mónica , Jacinto Raquel , Sampaio Pedro , Lopes Susana Santos 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), cyst inflation and continuous enlargement are associated with marked transepithelial ion and fluid secretion into the cyst lumen via cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Indeed, the inhibition or degradation of CFTR prevents the fluid accumulation within cysts. The in vivo mechanisms by which the lack of Polycystin-2 leads to CFTR stimulation are an outstanding challenge in ADPKD research and may bring important biomarkers for the disease. However, hampering their study, the available ADPKD in vitro cellular models lack the three-dimensional architecture of renal cysts and the ADPKD mouse models offer limited access for live-imaging experiments in embryonic kidneys. Here, we tested the zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle (KV) as an alternative model-organ. KV is a fluid-filled vesicular organ, lined by epithelial cells that express both CFTR and Polycystin-2 endogenously, being each of them easily knocked-down. Our data on the intracellular distribution of Polycystin-2 support its involvement in the KV fluid-flow induced Ca2+-signalling. Mirroring kidney cysts, the KV lumen inflation is dependent on CFTR activity and, as we clearly show, the knockdown of Polycystin-2 results in larger KV lumens through overstimulation of CFTR. In conclusion, we propose the zebrafish KV as a model organ to study the renal cyst inflation. Favouring its use, KV volume can be easily determined by in vivo imaging offering a live readout for screening compounds and genes that may prevent cyst enlargement through CFTR inhibition.
Highly Efficient Helix-sense-selective Polymerization of an Achiral Phenylacetylene Having a Bulky Group
Authors: Qu Yanqing , Zang Yu , Zhang Mingyu , Aoki Toshiki , Teraguchi Masahiro , Kaneko Takashi , Ma Liqun , Jia Hongge 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
A novel achiral phenylacetylene having a bulky t-butyl group was synthesized and polymerized by a chiral catalytic system containing [Rh(nbd)Cl]2 (nbd: norbornadiene) and chiral amines to yield a one-handed helical polymer having a much higher g value than polymers with no bulky groups. Highly efficient helix-sense-selective polymerization has been achieved using a bulky monomer and a less bulky chiral cocatalyst.
Range‐wide multilocus phylogenetic analyses of Pedicularis sect. Cyathophora (Orobanchaceae): Implications for species delimitation and speciation
Authors: Wang Hong-Juan , Li Wei-Tao , Liu Ya-Nan , Yang Fu-Sheng , Wang Xiao-Quan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAccurate species delimitation is crucial to the fields of systematics, biogeography, and conservation biology; however, inferring phylogenetic relationships among closely related, recently diverged species has always been difficult. In the present study, we conducted a range‐wide field investigation of five Pedicularis species of P. sect. Cyathophora, which includes all four basic corolla types present in the genus. We reconstructed the phylogeny of this section by using three single/low‐copy nuclear genes (CRC, LFY‐L, LFY‐S) and two chloroplast genes (matK, ycf1). To clarify the evolutionary history of sect. Cyathophora, we also estimated divergence times of the genus Pedicularis. Additionally, we evaluated the phylogenetic utility of nrDNA ITS in sect. Cyathophora by cloning and sequencing analyses of the ITS region for all of the investigated samples. The results of our multilocus phylogenetic analysis supported the delimitation of three species of sect. Cyathophora, but failed to support the definition of P. rex and P. thamnophila. On the basis of morphological, geographic, genetic, and phylogenetic evidence, we suggest to include P. thamnophila in P. rex. The molecular dating analysis showed that the uplift of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau and climatic changes may have played important roles in the divergence and speciation of sect. Cyathophora. The results of clone‐based sequencing revealed that extensive nrITS polymorphisms exist in the individuals of ingroups; these polymorphisms may cause misleading phylogenetic inference for sect. Cyathophora.