bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Broadening the Repertoire of Functional Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1–Specific CD8+ T Cells Reduces Viral Reactivation from Latency in Sensory Ganglia
Authors: St. Leger Anthony J. , Jeon Sohyun , Hendricks Robert L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA large proportion of the world population harbors HSV type 1 (HSV-1) in a latent state in their trigeminal ganglia (TG). TG-resident CD8+ T cells appear important for preventing HSV-1 reactivation from latency and recurrent herpetic disease. In C57BL/6J mice, half of these cells are specific for an immunodominant epitope on HSV-1 glycoprotein B, whereas the other half are specific for 18 subdominant epitopes. In this study, we show that the CD8+ T cell dominance hierarchy in the TG established during acute infection is maintained during latency. However, CD8+ T cells specific for subdominant epitopes lose functionality, whereas those specific for the immunodominant epitope exhibit increased functionality in latently infected TG. Furthermore, we show that IL-10 produced by 16.4 ± 2.8% of TG-resident CD4+ T cells maintains the immunodominance hierarchy in part through selective inhibition of subdominant CD8+ T cell proliferation. Upon systemic anti–IL-10R Ab treatment, we observed a significant expansion of functional subdominant CD8+ T cells, resulting in significantly improved protection from viral reactivation. In fact, systemic anti–IL-10R Ab treatment prevented viral reactivation in up to 50% of treated mice. Our results not only demonstrate that HSV-1 reactivation from latency can be prevented by expanding the repertoire of functional TG-resident CD8+ T cells, but also that IL-10R blockade might have therapeutic potential to reduce or eliminate recurrent herpetic disease.
Anti-TNFα et tuberculose
Authors: Bdioui Fethia 
Published: July 2013

Les anti-TNFα sont très efficaces dans le traitement des maladies inflammatoires chroniques rhumatismales et intestinales mais exposent à un risque élevé d’infections opportunistes, en particulier la tuberculose. Ce risque est multiplié par 2 à 10 chez les patients sous anti-TNFα par rapport à la population générale et par 2 à 4 par rapport aux malades sans anti-TNFα. Il s’agit le plus souvent de tuberculoses extrapulmonaires et de formes disséminées. Ces tuberculoses surviennent au cours de la première année de traitement et correspondent dans la majorité des cas à une réactivation de tuberculose latente ; d’où la mise en place de recommandations de dépistage et de prévention. Outre l’anamnèse, l’examen physique et la radiographie du thorax, la recherche d’une tuberculose latente repose aussi sur l’intradermoréaction à la tuberculine (IDR). Mais celle-ci présente certaines limites surtout chez ces malades immunodéprimés (faux négatifs) ou vaccinés par le BCG (faux positifs). Les tests de relargage de l’interféron-γ : IGRA (Interferon-Gamma Release Assays) semblent être plus sensibles et plus spécifiques et devraient être utilisés dans cette indication. La prophylaxie repose sur l’isoniaside seul pendant 9 mois ou l’association isoniazide-rifampicine pendant 3 mois). Elle doit être débutée au moins 3 semaines avant la première cure d’anti-TNFα. Ces stratégies se sont révélées efficaces en diminuant nettement le nombre de tuberculoses sous anti-TNFα en les ramenant aux taux avant anti-TNFα.
Writing centres and the idea of community outreach
Authors: Pittman Kevin , Hayden Paula 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe writing centre's history has been eventful, all the more as its pedagogical innovations increasingly set it in opposition to standard curricular practice. As, on the one hand, classroom instructors absorbed the student-centred philosophy of the writing centre, and on the other, deans and management pressed tutors/mentors to justify their roles and methods vis. curricular outcomes, writing centres struggled to articulate why they matter, other than as a remedial service for poor student writers. Community outreach offers writing centres an opportunity to revive the spirit of discovery and innovation that drove the work and writings of Kenneth Bruffee, Stephen North and others in the 1970s and 80s. The innovations devised in outreach 'laboratories' have pragmatic implications for their primary student clientele. Furthermore, community service offers writing centre scholarship a quarry of research that could contribute to the development of an overarching theory of the writing centre, which some scholars say is the necessary next step, and which others warn may lead to the death of writing centres as we know them.
Instructor tutoring in the classroom: A merger of domains
Authors: Balsom Edwin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTraditionally, teaching and tutoring have been considered interdependent realms of education, dedicated in mutual ways to improving students’ learning. Instructors in classrooms deliver course material, supervise skill development, and regularly test students to guarantee learning standards. In a supporting role, tutors work in help centers to improve students’ skills and knowledge of course content already covered by the instructor. From this perspective, these two domains are clearly symbiotic in nature, conjoined in purpose, but distinct in roles and responsibilities.
Practical teaching and its importance in teaching civil engineering
Authors: Shaaban Khaled 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStudents pursuing their civil engineering degree usually learn the theory part in class but may
struggle to relate theory to practice if the instructor has no industry experience. Engineering
graduates can benefit more when civil engineering courses are taught by instructors that have
both academic and practical experience. An instructor with industry experience can motivate
students, enable them to relate what was learned in the class with the real world, and allow
them to start developing their own engineering judgment, which is essential for the successful
practice of civil engineering. The paper discusses the importance of practical experience in civil
engineering education, problems facing practical teaching, and successful practices in practical
teaching.
Giving students a voice to achieve positive change: Using appreciative inquiry to maximize student engagement
Authors: MacLeod Paul 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStudent engagement is an area of concern for many educators, as students with higher levels of engagement and motivation tend to learn more than their less-motivated or engaged peers (Schreiner, 2007). Research into strengths-based approaches shows that people working from their strengths display higher levels of motivation, confidence, satisfaction and competence and that they tend to learn and retain information more easily (Rath, 2007; Clifton & Harter 2003; Linley & Harrington, 2006; Peterson & Seligman, 2004). In addition, when teachers are both socially supportive and intellectually demanding students tend to be more engaged and positive about their own learning (Stipek, 2002; Turner, Meyer, Cox, DiCintio & Thomas, 1998).
One Side of the Equation
Authors: Coutts Christine Elizabeth , Dismal Abdulridha Jaffar 
Published: July 2013

AbstractStudent Services at Bahrain Polytechnic support students’ leadership and career development
through mentoring, coaching, advising and counselling. Student Services work closely with
Faculties to ensure a co-ordinated approach to meet student needs. In collaboration with
industry partners, the polytechnic ensures that its students receive a quality educational
experience that develops the technical and employability skills that will open the door to
rewarding career opportunities. Students are encouraged to make the most of the opportunities
available to them to develop themselves as leaders and as citizens.
Discrete‐time periodic adaptive control for parametric systems with non‐sector nonlinearities
Authors: Yu Miao , Xu Jian‐Xin , Huang Deqing 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, a periodic adaptive control approach is proposed for a class of discrete‐time parametric systems with non‐sector nonlinearities. The proposed periodic adaptive control law is characterized by either one‐period delayed parametric updating or two‐period delayed parametric updating when input gain contains periodic unknowns. Logarithmic‐type discrete Lyapunov function is employed to handle the difficulties caused by the uncertainties that do not satisfy the linear growth condition. Some extensions to nonlinear systems with multiple unknown parameters and time‐varying input gain, tracking tasks, as well as higher‐order systems in canonical form, are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐Surface‐Atomic‐Metal Chalcogenide Sheets for High‐Efficiency Visible‐Light Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Sun Yongfu , Sun Zhihu , Gao Shan , Cheng Hao , Liu Qinghua , Lei Fengcai , Wei Shiqiang , Xie Yi 
Published: July 2013

Artificial all‐surface‐atomic 2D sheets can trigger breakthroughs in tailoring the physical and chemical properties of advanced functional materials. Here, the conceptually new all‐surface‐atomic semiconductors of SnS and SnSe freestanding sheets are realized using a scalable strategy. As an example, all‐surface‐atomic SnS sheets undergo surface atomic elongation and structural disordering, which is revealed by X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and first‐principles calculations, endowing them with high structural stability and an increased density of states at the valence band edge. These exotic atomic and electronic structures make the all‐surface‐atomic SnS sheet‐based photoelectrode exhibit an incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency of 67.1% at 490 nm, much higher than the efficiencies of other visible‐light‐driven water splitting. A photocurrent density of 5.27 mA cm‐2, which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the bulk counterpart, is also achieved for the all‐surface‐atomic SnS sheets‐based photoelectrode. This will allow the manipulation of the basic properties of advanced materials on the atomic scale, thus paving the way for innovative applications.
Ruthenium–Arene–β‐Carboline Complexes as Potent Inhibitors of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinase 1: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Mechanism Studies
Authors: He Liang , Liao Si‐Yan , Tan Cai‐Ping , Ye Rui‐Rong , Xu Yu‐Wen , Zhao Meng , Ji Liang‐Nian , Mao Zong‐Wan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA series of RuII–arene complexes (1–6) of the general formula [(η6‐arene)Ru(L)Cl]PF6 (arene=benzene or p‐cymene; L=bidentate β‐carboline derivative, an indole alkaloid with potential cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitory activities) is reported. All the complexes were fully characterized by classical analytical methods, and three were characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Hydrolytic studies show that β‐carboline ligands play a vital role in their aqueous behaviour. These complexes are highly active in vitro, with the most active complex 6 displaying a 3‐ to 12‐fold higher anticancer activity than cisplatin against several cancer cell lines. Interestingly, the complexes are able to overcome cross‐resistance to cisplatin, and show much lower cytotoxicity against normal cells. Complexes 1–6 may directly target CDK1, because they can block cells in the G2M phase, down‐regulate the expression of CDK1 and cyclin B1, and inhibit CDK1/cyclin B in vitro. Further mechanism studies show that the complexes can effectively induce apoptosis through mitochondrial‐related pathways and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) elevation.
A new weighted upwind finite volume element method based on non‐standard covolume for time‐dependent convection–diffusion problems
Authors: Gao Fuzheng , Liang Dong 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYIn modern numerical simulation of problems in energy resources and environmental science, it is important to develop efficient numerical methods for time‐dependent convection–diffusion problems. On the basis of nonstandard covolume grids, we propose a new kind of high‐order upwind finite volume element method for the problems. We first prove the stability and mass conservation in the discrete forms of the scheme. Optimal second‐order error estimate in L2‐norm in spatial step is then proved strictly. The scheme is effective for avoiding numerical diffusion and nonphysical oscillations and has second‐order accuracy. Numerical experiments are given to verify the performance of the scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward low‐noise synthetic turbulent inflow conditions for aeroacoustic calculations
Authors: Sescu Adrian , Hixon Ray 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe accuracy of boundary conditions for computational aeroacoustics is a well‐known challenge, due in part to the necessity of truncating the flow domain and replacing the analytical boundary conditions at infinity with numerical boundary conditions. In particular, the inflow boundary condition involving turbulent velocity or scalar fields is likely to introduce spurious waves into the domain, therefore degrading the flow behavior and deteriorating the physical acoustic waves. In this work, a method to generate low‐noise, divergence‐free, synthetic turbulence for inflow boundary conditions is proposed. It relies on the classical view of turbulence as a superposition of random eddies convected with the mean flow. Within the proposed model, the vector potential and the requirement that the individual eddies must satisfy the linearized momentum equations about the mean flow are used. The model is tested using isolated eddies convected through the inflow boundary and an experimental benchmark data for spatially decaying isotropic turbulence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular risk factors, depression, and cognitive change among African American older adults
Authors: Carmasin Jeremy S. , Mast Benjamin T. , Allaire Jason C. , Whitfield Keith E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveVascular burden has been linked to future depression and cognitive change in predominately European American samples. This study investigated these relationships in older African Americans.MethodsTo examine the connection between vascular risk factors, depression, and cognitive change, this study utilized data from 435 older African Americans. Specifically, the study examined the link between vascular risk at baseline with depression and cognitive functioning at a 2.5‐year follow‐up visit.ResultsHigh baseline vascular risk was associated with increased odds of future depression while controlling for age and current depression. A series of path analyses demonstrated links between baseline vascular risk, increases in depression, and decreases in processing speed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that African Americans with greater vascular burden are at greater risk for depression and cognitive change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Utilizing pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling to simultaneously examine free CCL2, total CCL2 and carlumab (CNTO 888) concentration time data
Authors: Fetterly Gerald J. , Aras Urvi , Meholick Patricia D. , Takimoto Chris , Seetharam Shobha , McIntosh Thomas , de Bono Johann S. , Sandhu Shahneen K. , Tolcher Anthony , Davis Hugh M. , Zhou Honghui , Puchalski Thomas A. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) promotes angiogenesis, tumor proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Carlumab is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody with high CCL2 binding affinity. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data from 21 cancer patients with refractory tumors were analyzed. The PK/PD model characterized the temporal relationships between serum concentrations of carlumab, free CCL2, and the carlumab–CCL2 complex. Dose‐dependent increases in total CCL2 concentrations were observed and were consistent with shifting free CCL2. Free CCL2 declined rapidly after the initial carlumab infusion, returned to baseline within 7 days, and increased to levels greater than baseline following subsequent doses. Mean predicted half‐lives of carlumab and carlumab–CCL2 complex were approximately 2.4 days and approximately 1 hour for free CCL2. The mean dissociation constant (KD), 2.4 nM, was substantially higher than predicted by in vitro experiments, and model‐based simulation revealed this was the major factor hindering the suppression of free CCL2 at clinically viable doses.
Sonographic diagnosis of subungual intraosseous epidermoid cyst
Authors: Arora Arundeep , Srivastava Deep , Gupta Himanshu , Kumar Vijay , Kotwal P. P. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIntraosseous epidermoid cyst is an uncommon subungual mass. We report the sonographic findings in a case of intraosseous epidermoid cyst, which showed the characteristic whorled pattern of layers, previously described in other locations and unequivocally clinched the diagnosis in favor of this benign etiology and guided the management to phalangeal‐sparing surgery. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:35–37, 2013
Effects of hypoxia on pluripotency in murine iPS cells
Authors: Sugimoto Kouji , Yoshizawa Yuu , Yamada Shizuka , Igawa Kazunari , Hayashi Yoshihiko , Ishizaki Hidetaka 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTRetroviral transduction of four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c‐Myc) or three factors, excluding c‐Myc, has been shown to initiate a reprogramming process that results in the transformation of murine fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, and there has been a rapid increase in the number of iPS cell‐based preclinical trials. In this study, the effects of these transcription factors were evaluated regarding the growth and differentiation of murine iPS cells under hypoxia. Based on the results of RT‐PCR and alizarin red S staining, there were no statistical differences in the growth and differentiation of iPS cells or the induction of iPS cells to osteoblasts under hypoxia between the transcription factor groups. Furthermore, the function of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in murine iPS cells under hypoxia was investigated in relation to the morphology and expression of transcription factors using RT‐PCR and Western blotting. The HIF‐2α knockdown group exhibited a decrease in the colony size of the iPS cells. The HIF‐2α or ‐3α knockdown group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in the transcription factor expression compared to that observed in the control group. These results demonstrate that HIF‐2α among HIFs is the most influential candidate for the maintenance of the pluripotency of murine iPS cells. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:1084–1092, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tropospheric ozone and nitrogen dioxide measurements in urban and rural regions as seen by IASI and GOME‐2
Authors: Safieddine S. , Clerbaux C. , George M. , Hadji‐Lazaro J. , Hurtmans D. , Coheur P.‐F. , Wespes C. , Loyola D. , Valks P. , Hao N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTropospheric ozone (O3) columns in urban and rural regions as seen by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are analyzed along with the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME‐2) tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns. Results over nine cities of the Northern Hemisphere for the period 2008–2011 show a typical seasonal behavior of tropospheric O3, with a first maximum reached in late spring because of stratospheric intrusion mainly and a continuous rise till the summer because of the anthropogenic‐based ozone production. Over the East Asian cities, a decrease in the O3 tropospheric column is detected during the monsoon period. Seasonal cycling of tropospheric NO2 shows consistent higher values during winter because of the higher anthropogenic sources and longer lifetime. In rural regions, a complex relation between the O3 and NO2 columns is found, with good correlation in summer and winter. O3 concentrations in rural sites are found to be comparable to those closest to the anthropogenic emission sources, with peak values in spring and summer. Furthermore, the effect of the reduction of pollutant emissions in the Beijing region during the Olympic Games of 2008 compared to the same summer period in the following 3 years is studied. GOME‐2 NO2 measurements show a reduction up to 54% above Beijing during this period compared to the following 3 years. IASI O3 measurements show an increase of 12% during July 2008 followed by a decrease of 5–6% during the months of August and September.
Isolated Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis of the pancreatic stump in a duct‐to‐mucosa fashion in patients with distal pancreatectomy with en‐bloc celiac axis resection
Authors: Okada Ken‐ichi , Kawai Manabu , Tani Masaji , Hirono Seiko , Miyazawa Motoki , Shimizu Atsushi , Kitahata Yuji , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundA pancreatic fistula is one of the most serious complications in distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac axis resection (DP‐CAR), because the pancreatic transection is performed on the right side of the portal vein, which results in a large cross‐section surface, and because post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage is hard to treat by interventional radiology. Therefore, a procedure to decrease the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula is urgently needed.MethodsTwenty‐six consecutive patients who underwent DP‐CAR between April 2008 and August 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. The first 13 consecutive patients underwent DP‐CAR with no anastomosis, and the subsequent 13 consecutive patients were treated with Roux‐en‐Y pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) in a duct‐to‐mucosa fashion.ResultsExtremely high amylase levels (>4000 IU/l) of all drainage fluid specimens on postoperative day (POD) 1, 3 and 4 were detected more frequently in cases with no anastomosis (n = 7) compared to those with PJ (n = 1) (P = 0.056).ConclusionThe incidence of grade B/C pancreatic fistulas was 15.4% in cases with isolated Roux‐en‐Y anastomosis of the pancreatic stump performed in a duct‐to‐mucosa fashion, and we are currently examining whether this anastomosis method reduces the pancreatic fistula rate in a multicenter, randomized controlled trial for distal pancreatectomy patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01384617).
Non‐operative management of blunt liver injury: a new protocol for selected hemodynamically unstable patients under hypotensive resuscitation
Authors: Mitsusada Makoto , Nakajima Yasushi , Shirokawa Masamitsu , Takeda Toshiaki , Honda Hideki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate our new protocol for performing non‐operative management for selected unstable patients under hypotensive resuscitation using improved diagnostic imaging techniques.MethodsThis retrospective study included 77 consecutive patients with blunt liver injury. They were divided into two groups: those treated before and those treated after the revision. Under the new protocol, we attempted to manage the patients non‐operatively, usually with angioembolization, including those whose shock improved with fluid resuscitation and continuous loading, permitting the maintenance of a target systolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg. The outcomes of the two groups were evaluated and compared.ResultsWhile comparing the groups, although there was no change in the liver‐related morbidity and mortality rates, the urgent and overall laparotomy rates and transfusion requirements in 24 h significantly decreased after the protocol revision. While comparing the subgroups of high‐grade injury (AAST Grades 3–5), the overall laparotomy rates and transfusion requirements in 24 h significantly decreased after the protocol revision.ConclusionsAll the selected unstable patients were successfully managed non‐operatively after the protocol revision. The decrease in laparotomy rates and transfusion requirements confirmed the feasibility of our new protocol for these selected patients.