bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic methylprednisolone to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes from one lung ventilation in children: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Theroux Mary C. , Fisher Alicia Olivant , Rodriguez Maria E. , Brislin Robert P. , Reichard Kirk W. , Shah Suken A. , McCoy Matt , Brown Melinda , Dabney Kirk W. , Mackenzie William G. , Katz Douglas A. , Shaffer Thomas H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundOne lung ventilation (OLV) results in inflammatory and mechanical injury, leading to intraoperative and postoperative complications in children. No interventions have been studied in children to minimize such injury.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that a single 2‐mg·kg−1 dose of methylprednisolone given 45–60 min prior to lung collapse would minimize injury from OLV and improve physiological stability.MethodsTwenty‐eight children scheduled to undergo OLV were randomly assigned to receive 2 mg·kg−1 methylprednisolone (MP) or normal saline (placebo group) prior to OLV. Anesthetic management was standardized, and data were collected for physiological stability (bronchospasm, respiratory resistance, and compliance). Plasma was assayed for inflammatory markers related to lung injury at timed intervals related to administration of methylprednisolone.ResultsThree children in the placebo group experienced clinically significant intraoperative and postoperative respiratory complications. Respiratory resistance was lower (P = 0.04) in the methylprednisolone group. Pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 was lower (P = 0.01), and anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was higher (P = 0.001) in the methylprednisolone group. Tryptase, measured before and after OLV, was lower (P = 0.03) in the methylprednisolone group while increased levels of tryptase were seen in placebo group after OLV (did not achieve significance). There were no side effects observed that could be attributed to methylprednisolone in this study.ConclusionsMethylprednisolone at 2 mg·kg−1 given as a single dose prior to OLV provides physiological stability to children undergoing OLV. In addition, methylprednisolone results in lower pro‐inflammatory markers and higher anti‐inflammatory markers in the children's plasma.
Nutrients are assimilated efficiently by Lymantria dispar caterpillars from the mature leaves of trees in the Salicaceae
Authors: Barbehenn Raymond V. , Knister Jennifer , Marsik Frank , Jahant‐Miller Chelsea , Nham William 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe efficient aquisition of nutrients from leaves by insect herbivores increases their nutrient assimilation rates and overall fitness. Caterpillars of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) have high protein assimilation efficiencies (PAE) from the immature leaves of trees such as red oak (Quercus rubra) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) (71–81%) but significantly lower PAE from their mature leaves (45–52%). By contrast to this pattern, both PAE and carbohydrate assimilation efficiencies (CAE) remain high for L. dispar larvae on the mature leaves of poplar (Populus alba × Populus tremula) grown in greenhouse conditions. The present study tests two alternative hypotheses: (i) outdoor environmental stresses cause decreased nutrient assimilation efficiencies from mature poplar leaves and (ii) nutrients in the mature leaves of trees in the poplar family (Salicaceae) remain readily available for L. dispar larvae. When poplar trees are grown in ambient outdoor conditions, PAE and CAE remain high (approximately 75% and 78%, respectively) in L. dispar larvae, in contrast to the first hypothesis. When larvae feed on the mature leaves of species in the Salicaceae [aspen (Populus tremuloides), cottonwood (Populus deltoides), willow (Salix nigra) and poplar], PAE and CAE also remain high (68–76% and 72–92%, respectively), consistent with the second hypothesis. Larval growth rates are strongly associated with protein assimilation rates, and more strongly associated with protein assimilation rates than with carbohydrate assimilation rates. It is concluded that tree species in the Salicaceae are relatively high‐quality host plants for L. dispar larvae, in part, because nutrients in their mature leaves remain readily available.
Measurement of Photosynthesis Using PAM Technology in a Purple Sulfur Bacterium Thermochromatium tepidum (Chromatiaceae)
Authors: Ritchie Raymond J. , Mekjinda Nutsara 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate that Blue‐diode‐based pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) technology can be used to measure the photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR) of purple sulfur bacteria (Thermochromatium tepidum, Chromatiaceae). Previous studies showed that PAM technology could be used to estimate photosynthesis in purple nonsulfur bacteria and so PAM technology can be used to estimate photosynthesis of both kinds of purple photosynthetic bacteria. The absorptance of Thermochromatium films on glass fiber disks was measured and used to calculate actual ETR. ETR vs Irradiance (P vs E) curves fitted the waiting‐in‐line model (ETR = (ETRmax × E/Eopt) × exp (1−E/Eopt)). Yield (Y) was only ≈ 0.3–0.4. Thermochromatium saturates at 325 ± 13.8 μmol photons m−2 s−1 or ≈15% sunlight and shows photoinhibition at high irradiances. A pond of Thermochromatium would exhibit classic surface inhibition. Photosynthesis is extremely low in the absence of an electron source: ETR increases in the presence of acetate (5 mol m−3) provided as an organic carbon source and also increases in the presence of sulfite (3 mol m−3) but not sulfide and is only marginally increased by the presence of Fe2+. Nonphotochemical quenching does occur in Thermochromatium but at very low levels compared to oxygenic photo‐organisms or Rhodopseudomonads.
Influence of Trans Fat on Skin Damage in First‐Generation Rats Exposed to UV Radiation
Authors: Barcelos Raquel Cristine S. , Vey Luciana T. , Segat Hecson Jesser , Benvegnú Dalila M. , Trevizol Fabíola , Roversi Karine , Roversi Katiane , Dias Verônica T. , Dolci Geisa S. , Kuhn Fábio T. , Piccolo Jaqueline , CristinaVeit Juliana , Emanuelli Tatiana , Bürger Marilise E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe influence of trans fatty acids (TFA) on lipid profile, oxidative damage and mitochondrial function in the skin of rats exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) was assessed. The first‐generation offspring of female Wistar rats supplemented from pregnancy with either soybean oil (C‐SO, rich in n–6 FA; control group) or hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF, rich in TFA) were continued with the same supplements until adulthood, when half of each group was exposed to UVR for 12 weeks. The HVF group showed higher TFA cutaneous incorporation, increased protein carbonyl (PC) levels, decreased functionality of mitochondrial enzymes and antioxidant defenses of the skin. After UVR, the HVF group showed increased skin thickness and reactive species (RS) generation, with decreased skin antioxidant defenses. RS generation was positively correlated with skin thickness, wrinkles and PC levels. Once incorporated to skin, TFA make it more susceptible to developing UVR‐induced disorders.
Low Level Light Therapy Modulates Inflammatory Mediators Secreted by Human Annulus Fibrosus Cells during Intervertebral Disc Degeneration In Vitro
Authors: Hwang Min Ho , Shin Jae Hee , Kim Kyoung Soo , Yoo Chang Min , Jo Ga Eun , Kim Joo Han , Choi Hyuk 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IVD) is one of the important causes of low back pain and is associated with inflammation induced by interaction between macrophages and the human annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. Low‐level light therapy (LLLT) has been widely known to regulate inflammatory reaction. However, the effect of LLLT on macrophage‐mediated inflammation in the AF cells has not been studied till date. The aim of this study is to mimic the inflammatory microenvironment and to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effect of LLLT at a range of wavelengths (405, 532 and 650 nm) on the AF treated with macrophage‐like THP‐1 cells conditioned medium (MCM) containing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin‐1beta, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐6 and 8). We observed that AF cells exposed to MCM secrete significantly higher concentrations of IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐1β and TNF‐α. LLLT markedly inhibited secretion of IL‐6 at 405 nm in a time‐dependent manner. Level of IL‐8 was significantly decreased at all wavelengths in a time‐dependent manner. We showed that MCM can induce the inflammatory microenvironment in AF cells and LLLT selectively suppressed IL‐6 and 8 levels. The results indicate that LLLT is a potential method of IVD treatment and provide insights into further investigation of its anti‐inflammation effect on IVD.
In planta detection used to define the distribution of the European lineages of Phytophthora ramorum on larch (Larix) in the UK
Authors: King K. M. , Harris A. R. , Webber J. F. 
Published: January 2015

Two genetically distinct evolutionary lineages of the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora ramorum are responsible for the major epidemic on larch (Larix spp.) in the UK: EU1 (historically widespread) and the recently identified EU2 (reported only from Northern Ireland and a small area in southwest Scotland). Methods for lineage discrimination have required pure cultures of P. ramorum but, as the pathogen is challenging to isolate from infected larch tissue, only limited data have been available on the distribution of EU2. In this study a protocol was developed to determine the lineage of P. ramorum in infected larch tissue without the need for isolation. The protocol was applied to 134 UK samples collected during 2013–14. In addition, lineage testing was applied to over 300 P. ramorum isolates cultured from a wide range of hosts between 2002 and 2012. Combined data confirmed that EU2 is restricted to Northern Ireland and a small area of southwest Scotland where it is the dominant lineage. There was no evidence of EU2 spread into England and Wales where only EU1 was found. However, EU2 was more widely distributed in southern and eastern parts of Scotland than previously reported. Furthermore, EU1 and EU2 were detected <10 km apart in larch plantations. This study provides the first reports of natural EU2 infection on European larch (Larix decidua), hybrid larch (Larix × eurolepis), beech (Fagus sylvatica), noble fir (Abies procera) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla).
Suspected adverse events, 2013
Authors: Davis G. , Cooles S. , Vasan N. 
Published: January 2015

Increase in the number of reports of suspected adverse events in animals
Fewer reports of human adverse events to veterinary medicines
Notable increase in reports relating to products used for treating canine epilepsy
These are some of the results from the surveillance work carried out by the pharmacovigilance unit at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate (VMD), as discussed by Giles Davis and colleagues from the VMD
Deligne pairing and Quillen metric
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Schumacher Georg 
Published: January 2015

Let X → S be a smooth projective surjective morphism of relative dimension n, where X and S are integral schemes over ℂ. Let L → X be a relatively very ample line bundle. For every sufficiently large positive integer m, there is a canonical isomorphism of the Deligne pairing 〈L,…,L〉 → S with the determinant line bundle [Formula: see text] (see [D. H. Phong, J. Ross and J. Sturm, Deligne pairings and the knudsen–Mumford expansion, J. Differential Geom. 78 (2008) 475–496]). If we fix a hermitian structure on L and a relative Kähler form on X, then each of the line bundles [Formula: see text] and 〈L,…,L〉 carries a distinguished hermitian structure. We prove that the above mentioned isomorphism between 〈L,…,L〉 → S and [Formula: see text] is compatible with these hermitian structures. This holds also for the isomorphism in [Deligne pairing and determinant bundle, Electron. Res. Announc. Math. Sci. 18 (2011) 91–96] between a Deligne paring and a certain determinant line bundle.
Transmission time and resonant tunneling through barriers using localized quantum density soliton waves
Authors: Mirza Babur M. 
Published: January 2015

In this paper, the interaction and transmission time of quantum density solitons waves [B. M. Mirza, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 28 (2014) 1450200]1 passing through finite barrier potentials is investigated. Using the conservation of energy and of quantum density, it is first demonstrated that the soliton waves possess the important particle-like properties, including localization by a finite de Broglie wavelength and constant uniform motion in free space. The passage of quantum density solitons through barriers of finite energies is then shown to lead to the phenomena of resonant tunneling and, in Josephson-like configurations, to the quantization of magnetic flux. A precise general measure for barrier tunneling time is derived which is found to give a new interpretation of the quantum indeterminacy principles. The quantum density soliton theory is applied to coherent microstructures observed in NbSe 3-like systems, where it is shown to lead to the sawtooth current phenomena and nano-scale transversal times.
Dominująca rola suwerennych państw w ramach europejskiej polityki mniejszościowej
Authors: Matyja Mirosław 
Published: January 2015

The dominant role of sovereign states in minotity policy in EuropeThe multi-ethnicity in Europe was shaped long time in the history, her image influenced the relations between countries and was often a source of international and internal conflicts. For this purpose, the international efforts have been made, which regulate the status of minorities in Europe and the world. Protective systems for national minorities were formed at different levels of policy; the global solutions of general and declarative nature, regional solutions, characterized by a greater degree of institutionalization, and national solutions with control mechanisms of functioning. These regulations, concerning minority policy in Europe, formulated in many international instruments, are declarative and facultative. Even within the European Union, there is generally no binding legal rights, which formulate protection of minorities. States are sovereign and the principle of the sovereignty determines the protection- policy of minorities living on their territories. Dominująca rola suwerennych państw w ramach europejskiej polityki mniejszościowejWieloetniczność w Europie kształtowana była przez kilka stuleci, zaś jej wizerunek rzutował na stosunki między poszczególnymi krajami, był źródłem międzynarodowych oraz wewnętrznych napięć i konfliktów. W tym celu na arenie międzynarodowej podjęte zostały starania, które mają na celu uregulowanie statusu mniejszości w Europie i na świecie. Systemy ochronne dla mniejszości narodowych ukształtowane zostały na różnych płaszczyznach politycznych, od rozwiązań globalnych mających charakter ogólnikowy i deklaratywny, po rozwiązania regionalne, charakteryzujące się większym stopniem instytucjonalizacji, i narodowe z funkcjonującymi mechanizmami kontroli.Wymienione uregulowania dotyczące polityki mniejszościowej w Europie, sformułowane w wielu międzynarodowych aktach prawnych, mają charakter fakultatywno‑deklaratywny i w tym sensie nie zobowiązują państw do ich przestrzegania. Nawet w ramach Unii Europejskiej nie ma zasadniczo wiążących praw formułujących ochronę mniejszości narodowych. Państwa są suwerenne i to właśnie zasada suwerenności determinuje ich dobrą bądź złą wolę w zakresie ochrony mniejszości zamieszkujących ich terytorium.
Suwerenność Ukrainy w latach 1917-1921 w kontekście sytuacji międzynarodowej
Authors: Czornyj Maksymilian Dymitr 
Published: January 2015

Sovereigny of Ukraine in 1917-1921 in the context of international situationThis article discusses Ukrainian independence war 1917-1921, Polish-Ukrainian relations in this time and Polish-Russian war as a background of building the Ukrainian state. The article relates to international public law. The author explains how and if the West Ukrainian People’s Republic reached sovereignty and independence. Suwerenność Ukrainy w latach 1917-1921 w kontekście sytuacji międzynarodowejNiniejszy artykuł podejmuje zagadnienie ukraińskiej walki o niepodległość w latach 1917-1921, polsko ukraińskich relacji w tym czasie oraz polsko rosyjskiej wojny jako tła dla budowy ukraińskiej państwowości. Artykuł dotyczy prawa międzynarodowego publicznego. Autor wyjaśnia, jak i czy Zachodnio-Ukraińska Republika Ludowa uzyskała suwerenność i niepodległość.
General Application of the Relative Calibration Adjustment (RCA) Technique for Monitoring and Correcting Radar Reflectivity Calibration
Authors: Wolff David B. , Marks David A. , Petersen Walter A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAccurate calibration of radar reflectivity is integral to quantitative radar measurements of precipitation and a myriad of other radar-based applications. A statistical method was developed that utilizes the probability distribution of clutter area reflectivity near a stationary, ground-based radar to provide near-real-time estimates of the relative calibration of reflectivity data. The relative calibration adjustment (RCA) method provides a valuable, automated near-real-time tool for maintaining consistently calibrated radar data with relative calibration uncertainty of ±0.5 dB or better. The original application was to S-band data in a tropical oceanic location, where the stability of the method was thought to be related to the relatively mild ground clutter and limited anomalous propagation (AP). This study demonstrates, however, that the RCA technique is transferable to other S-band radars at locations with more intense ground clutter and AP. This is done using data from NASA’s polarimetric (NPOL) surveillance radar data during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) field campaign during spring of 2013 and other deployments. Results indicate the RCA technique is well capable of monitoring the reflectivity calibration of NPOL, given proper generation of an areal clutter map. The main goal of this study is to generalize the RCA methodology for possible extension to other ground-based S-band surveillance radars and to show how it can be used both to monitor the reflectivity calibration and to correct previous data once an absolute calibration baseline is established.
The Impact of the Initial Flow on the Extratropical Response to Madden–Julian Oscillation Convective Heating
Authors: Goss Michael , Feldstein Steven B. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The response to the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) over the Pacific–North American (PNA) region is investigated. In addition, the sensitivity of this response to the interaction between Madden–Julian oscillation forcing and the extratropical initial flow is explored. First, a simple dynamical model is run with an ensemble of 100 randomly selected initial conditions from ERA-Interim data, with no heating, MJO phase-1-like heating, and MJO phase-5-like heating. The 300-hPa geopotential height field is separated into a part that would evolve without an active MJO present, and a part that is a consequence of the MJO heating. A negative 300-hPa geopotential height anomaly centered over northeastern China bounded by positive anomalies on its equatorward and poleward flanks is found to be followed by a large amplitude negative PNA-like response for MJO phase 1 and a positive PNA-like response for phase 5.
A similar study is carried out using observational data. An analog approach—using projections to determine the analogs—is used to approximate the part of the flow that results from the MJO heating. The composite initial flow that corresponds to a large MJO response in observational data somewhat matches that in the model, although there is more variability between phases. Finally, the analog method is used to examine questions related to predictability and the MJO. It is found that predictability is improved by taking into account the presence of the MJO and by choosing analogs with high projections. The presence of an active MJO also increases predictability.
Cells on film – the past and future of cinemicroscopy
Authors: Stramer Brian M. , Dunn Graham A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACT
Movie making is now a ubiquitous experimental tool that biologists use alongside more traditional techniques such as molecular biology and biochemistry. It is no longer just cell biologists, but scientists from many other disciplines, such as immunology and neuroscience, that utilise movies to dissect their processes of interest. When did filming become such a standard laboratory technique? Who developed the use of the movie as an experimental tool? The Wellcome Library has recently restored and digitized a number of original 16-mm films from two pioneering cinemicroscopists, Ronald Canti and Michael Abercrombie, which are now freely available to the scientific community. In light of these films, this Essay will give a brief history of the early cinemicroscopists and discuss what is driving the use of movies in the laboratory today.
Post-harvest height growth of Norway spruce seedlings in northern Finland peatland forest canopy gaps and comparison to partial and complete canopy removals and plantations
Authors: Hökkä Hannu , Mäkelä Hanna 
Published: January 2015

Recent studies have shown the establishment of Norway spruce (Â (L.) Karst.) to be successful in small canopy gaps cut in drained spruce mire stands in northern Finland. The aim of this study was to quantify seedling height growth in gaps and compare it to that observed in other canopy cuttings and plantations. We sampled spruce crop seedlings (maximum density ca. 3000 ha) in the spring of 2013 in a field experiment in which canopy gaps of 10, 15 and 20 m in diameter had been cut in winter 2004. The total seedling height in 2013 and the length of annual shoots over the past five years (2012â2008) were recorded in the survey. Seedling height varied from 20 cm to 2.7 m, with an average of 65 cm. The average annual height growth was 7.1 cm. A mixed linear model analysis was carried out to investigate seedling height growth variation. Seedling height was linearly and positively related to growth. Height growth started to increase in the fifth growing season after cutting. Seedling height growth in the 20 m gap was slightly better than in the smaller ones. In the 15 m gap, both the centrally located seedlings and those located at the northern edge grew best. In the 20 m gap, southerly located seedlings grew more slowly than seedlings in all other locations. The average seedling height growth in this study was about 60% of that in peatland plantations, but comparable to that in mineral soil gaps, and 2â3 times higher than in uneven-age cut stands.Picea abiesâ1
Coleman–Gross height pairings and the p-adic sigma function
Authors: Balakrishnan Jennifer S. , Besser Amnon 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

We give a direct proof that the Mazur–Tate and Coleman–Gross heights
on elliptic curves coincide. The main ingredient is to extend the
Coleman–Gross height to the case of divisors with non-disjoint
support and, doing some p-adic analysis, show that, in particular,
its component above p gives, in the special case of an ordinary
elliptic curve, the p-adic sigma function.
We use this result to give a short proof of a theorem of Kim characterizing integral points
on elliptic curves in some cases under weaker assumptions. As a
further application, we give new formulas to compute double Coleman
integrals from tangential basepoints.