bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Examination of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time after Breast Cancer Treatment: Sitting on the Crest of the Teachable Moment
Authors: Sabiston Catherine M. , Brunet Jennifer , Vallance Jeff K. , Meterissian Sarkis 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: This study prospectively examined patterns of objectively assessed sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during a 1-year period following completion of primary treatment among breast cancer survivors. The potential moderating effect of weight status on sedentary and MVPA time was also examined.
Methods: Breast cancer survivors [n = 177; M(SD)age = 54.9 (11.1) years, 85% White/Caucasian; 82% stage I or II cancer; M(SD)time since treatment = 3.5 (2.4) months] who were recruited into a convenience sample had weight, height, and waist circumference measured and wore Actigraph GT3X accelerometers for 1 week every 3 months for 1 year. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: Survivors spent nearly 78% of their day sedentary across all time points compared with less than 2% of their day engaged in MVPA. Sedentary time remained fairly stable over 12 months, whereas MVPA levels significantly decreased. Survivors with an overweight body mass index and unhealthy waist-to-height ratio engaged in significantly less MVPA than healthy weight survivors, with significant waist-to-height ratio moderator effects for both sedentary and MVPA.
Conclusions: Sedentary time remains high in the first year following treatment for breast cancer, and MVPA decreases. These trends are more pronounced for survivors who are overweight, with stronger effects noted when waist-to-height ratio was examined compared with body mass index.
Impact: These findings suggest that breast cancer survivors may be doing very little to improve their lifestyle behaviors following a cancer diagnosis and treatments. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1324–30. ©2014 AACR.
Evidence that the Lung Adenocarcinoma EML4-ALK Fusion Gene Is not Caused by Exposure to Secondhand Tobacco Smoke During Childhood
Authors: Ryan Bríd M. , Wang Yi , Jen Jin , Yi Eunhee S. , Olivo-Marston Susan , Yang Ping , Harris Curtis C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: The EML4-ALK fusion gene is more frequently found in younger, never smoking patients with lung cancer. Meanwhile, never smokers exposed to secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) during childhood are diagnosed at a younger age compared with never smoking patients with lung cancer who are not exposed. We, therefore, hypothesized that SHS, which can induce DNA damage, is associated with the EML4-ALK fusion gene.
Methods: We compared the frequency of the EML4-ALK fusion gene among 197 never smoker patients with lung cancer with and without a history of exposure to SHS during childhood at Mayo Clinic.
Results: The EML4-ALK fusion gene was detected in 33% of cases from never smokers with a history of SHS exposure during childhood, whereas 47% of never smoking lung cancer cases without a history of childhood SHS exposure tested positive for the fusion gene.
Conclusions: The EML4-ALK fusion gene is not enriched in tumors from individuals exposed to SHS during childhood.
Impact: These data suggest that childhood exposure to SHS is not a significant etiologic cause of the EML4-ALK fusion gene in lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(7); 1432–4. ©2014 AACR.
Adenosine Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance With Variable-Density Spiral Pulse Sequences Accurately Detects Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Salerno Michael , Taylor Angela , Yang Yang , Kuruvilla Sujith , Ragosta Michael , Meyer Craig H. , Kramer Christopher M. 
Published: April 2014

Background—
Adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging can be limited by motion-induced dark-rim artifacts, which may be mistaken for true perfusion abnormalities. A high-resolution variable-density spiral pulse sequence with a novel density compensation strategy has been shown to reduce dark-rim artifacts in first-pass perfusion imaging. We aimed to assess the clinical performance of adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance using this new perfusion sequence to detect obstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results—
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance perfusion imaging was performed during adenosine stress (140 μg/kg per minute) and at rest on a Siemens 1.5-T Avanto scanner in 41 subjects with chest pain scheduled for coronary angiography. Perfusion images were acquired during injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepentacetate at 3 short-axis locations using a saturation recovery interleaved variable-density spiral pulse sequence. Significant stenosis was defined as >50% by quantitative coronary angiography. Two blinded reviewers evaluated the perfusion images for the presence of adenosine-induced perfusion abnormalities and assessed image quality using a 5-point scale (1 [poor] to 5 [excellent]). The prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease by quantitative coronary angiography was 68%. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 89%, 85%, and 88%, respectively, with a positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 93% and 79%, respectively. The average image quality score was 4.4±0.7, with only 1 study with more than mild dark-rim artifacts. There was good inter-reader reliability with a κ statistic of 0.67.

Conclusions—
Spiral adenosine stress cardiovascular magnetic resonance results in high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease with excellent image quality and minimal dark-rim artifacts.
Effect of Ischemic Postconditioning on Infarct Size in Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated by Primary PCI Results of the POSTEMI (POstconditioning in ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction) Randomized Trial
Authors: Limalanathan Shanmuganathan , Andersen Geir Ø. , Kløw Nils‐Einar , Abdelnoor Michael , Hoffmann Pavel , Eritsland Jan 
Published: April 2014

Background
Reduction of infarct size by ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has been reported in smaller proof‐of‐concept clinical studies, but has not been confirmed in other smaller studies. The principle needs to be evaluated in larger groups of ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients before being implemented in clinical practice. This study assessed the effect of ischemic postcoditioning (IPost) on infarct size in patients with STEMI treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods and Results

Patients with first‐time STEMI, <6 hours from symptom onset, referred to primary PCI were randomized to IPost or control groups. IPost was administered by 4 cycles of 1‐minute reocclusion and 1‐minute reperfusion, starting 1 minute after opening, followed by stenting. In the control group, stenting was performed immediately after reperfusion. The primary endpoint was infarct size measured by cardiac magnetic resonance after 4 months. A total of 272 patients were randomized. Infarct size (percent of left ventricular mass) after 4 months (median values and interquartile range) was 14.4% (7.7, 24.6) and 13.5% (8.1, 19.3) in the control group and IPost group, respectively (
P
=0.18). No significant impact of IPost was found when controlling for baseline risk factors of infarct size in a multivariate linear regression model (
P
=0.16). The effects of IPost on secondary endpoints, including markers of necrosis, myocardial salvage, and ejection fraction, as well as adverse cardiac events during follow‐up, were consistently neutral.

Conclusions
In contrast to several smaller trials reported previously, we found no significant effects of IPost on infarct size or secondary study outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
Unique identifier: NCT.No.PO1506.
The development of public accounting transparency in selected Arab countries
Authors: Abushamsieh Khalil , López-Hernández Antonio M. , Ortiz-Rodríguez David 
Published: April 2014

The aim of this article is to analyse the level of public financial information disclosed by certain Arab countries in the Middle East, in view of calls for greater transparency and international trends in this respect. Accordingly, we examined the financial reports published online by the selected countries, contrasting them with the financial statements and contents proposed in the International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) issued by the International Federation of Accountants. The results show that the Arab countries analysed present a low level of public financial information. They all present similar degrees of compliance with IPSAS 1 and 2. Nonetheless, we can observe that aid-receiving countries are implementing the policies stipulated in the international recommendations in response to the demands of donors and international agencies. Countries with oil revenues experience less pressure to implement the IPSAS. Points for practitioners The findings of this article may be of interest to public managers in all the selected Arab countries, especially those in the public administrations of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries and to consulting companies in the Gulf region. The analysis made of financial legislation and of the IPSAS 1 and 2 indexes for the selected countries may encourage them to initiate a process of financial reforms.
Criminal Trajectories of White-collar Offenders
Authors: van Onna Joost H. R. , van der Geest Victor R. , Huisman Wim , Denkers Adriaan J. M. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: This article analyzes the criminal development and sociodemographic and criminal profile of a sample of prosecuted white-collar offenders. It identifies trajectory groups and describes their profiles based on crime, sociodemographic, and selection offence characteristics. Methods: The criminal development of 644 prosecuted white-collar offenders in the Netherlands was examined using all registered offences from age 12 onward. In addition, sociodemographic background information was gathered from the Netherlands Internal Revenue Service and Municipal Personal Records Office. Trajectory analysis was conducted to approximate the underlying continuous distribution in criminal development by a discrete number of groups. Results: The criminal career characteristics and sociodemographic profile show a heterogeneous sample of white-collar offenders. Trajectory analysis distinguished four trajectory groups. Two low-frequency offender groups, totaling 78 percent, are characterized by their adult onset. The two high-frequency offender groups, totaling 22 percent, are characterized by their adolescent onset. Distinct and internally consistent offender profiles emerged for the four trajectory groups on the basis of crime, sociodemographic, and selection offence characteristics. Conclusions: The diversity in offence patterns and offender profiles points to different (developmental) causes for white-collar crime and underlines the importance of further longitudinal research on white-collar offending from an integrated white-collar and life-course perspective.
Towards a proactive therapy utilizing the modern spectrum of extracorporeal life support: a single-centre experience
Authors: Sharma AS , Weerwind PW , Ganushchak YM , Donker DW , Maessen JG 
Published: April 2014

Background: We describe a single-centre experience of extracorporeal life support (ELS) for patients with severe and refractory cardiogenic shock, refractory cardiac arrest and severe respiratory failure. Methods: Between September 2007 and September 2012, 56 intra-hospital and 10 inter-hospital adult patients were supported. Results: The median ELS duration was 3 (0.9 - 6) days in venoarterial and 9.2 (7.4 - 24.4) days in venovenous supported patients. At hospital discharge and follow-up (12 and 40 months), survival among the respiratory (venovenous) patients and cardiac (venoarterial) patients was 84% and 38%, respectively. Survival in severe refractory cardiogenic shock patients was related to early initiation of ELS (<8 hours of onset of failure). A delay in initiating venoarterial ELS (>8 hours) and increased pre-ELS pH and lactate levels were associated with death in all cardiomyopathy patients, independent of infarct size. Conclusions: Our results exemplify the benefits of ELS as a bridge to initial stabilization of critically ill patients. Potentially, the early application of ELS technology can lower mortality and morbidity in patients with a regressive pathology.
Levels of Evidence in the Clinical Sports Medicine Literature
Authors: Grant Heather M. , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Freedman Kevin B. 
Published: April 2014

Background: There has been an increased emphasis on improving the level of evidence used as the basis for clinical treatment decisions. Several journals now require a statement of the level of evidence as a basic gauge of the study’s strength. Purpose: To review the levels of evidence in published articles in the clinical sports medicine literature and to determine if there has been an improvement in the levels of evidence published over the past 15 years. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: All articles from the years 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 in The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( AJSM), Arthroscopy, and sports medicine–related articles from The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery–American ( JBJS-A) were analyzed. Articles were categorized by type and ranked for level of evidence according to guidelines from the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Excluded were animal, cadaveric, and basic science articles; editorials; surveys; special topics; letters to the editor; and correspondence. Statistical analysis was performed with chi-square. Results: A total of 1580 articles over the 4 periods met the inclusion criteria. The percentage of level 1 and 2 studies increased from 6.8% to 12.6%, 22.9%, and 23.5%, respectively ( P < .0001), while level 4 and 5 studies decreased from 78.9% to 72.4%, 63.9%, and 53.0% ( P < .0001). JBJS-A had a significant increase in level 1 and 2 studies (4.1%, 5.1%, 28.2%, 27.8%; P < .0001), as did AJSM (9.4%, 17.1%, 36.1%, 30.1%; P < .0001). Arthroscopy showed no significant change over time. Diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic studies all showed significant increases in level 1 and 2 studies over time ( P < .05). Conclusion: There has been a statistically significant increase in the percentage of level 1 and 2 studies published in the sports medicine literature over the past 15 years, particularly in JBJS-A and AJSM. The largest increase was seen in diagnostic studies, while therapeutic and prognostic studies demonstrated modest improvement. The emphasis on increasing levels of evidence to guide treatment decisions for sports medicine patients may be taking effect.
Neuropsychological and Neuropsychiatric Prediction of Global Cognitive Status Among Older Spanish-Speaking Hispanics and English-Speaking Whites
Authors: Guerrero-Berroa Elizabeth , Kluger Alan , Schmeidler James , Sailor Kevin , Lizardi Humberto , Golomb James , Ferris Steven , Reisberg Barry 
Published: April 2014

Background: Neuropsychological and depression measures have been found to predict cognitive functioning. We compared these associations among whites and Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Methods: Fifty-two pairs of whites and Hispanics were matched demographically and clinically in a cross-sectional study. Hierarchical regression analyses predicted Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) rating by baseline neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms. Results: Neuropsychological tests predicted GDS better in whites; depression symptoms—specifically retardation—predicted well in Hispanics but not whites. Immediate recall of the New York University (NYU)-Paragraph Test and the Retardation item of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale were associated with GDS in Hispanics and delayed recall of the NYU-Paragraph Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Digit Symbol in whites. Neuropsychological tests and depression symptoms predicted GDS differently in Hispanics and whites. Discussion: These results suggest that other measures should be considered to increase the predictive accuracy of neuropsychological tests when assessing cognitive status in Spanish-speaking Hispanics. Additional studies of specific ethnic/racial and sociodemographic subgroups are warranted.
Depression symptoms, social support and overall health among HIV-positive individuals in Kenya
Authors: Kingori Caroline , Haile Zelalem T , Ngatia Peter 
Published: April 2014

Summary In Kenya, there was a reported decline in HIV incidence and prevalence among those aged 15 to 64 years and children. Despite the decline, closer assessment of psychosocial issues like depression, contextual factors (family and community), and social support is necessary given the likely impact on overall health and HIV prevention. This paper examines an association between symptoms of depression and social support on overall health among HIV-positive participants recruited from an HIV clinic in Kenya. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were utilized. Findings reveal that compared to those with minimal depression (referent category) participants with mild, moderate, moderately severe/severe depression had higher odds of having poor health. For social support, compared with participants with no social support (referent category), participants with high social support had lower odds of having poor overall health in both unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted models. In conclusion, this study suggests that HIV clinics and interventions need to focus more on the psychological and/or mental health status of HIV-infected individuals while providing avenues such as social support groups that can be a buffer against the negative impact of HIV infection and depression on overall health outcomes.
Artiste or coquette? Les petits rats of the Paris Opera ballet
Authors: Coons Lorraine 
Published: April 2014

This paper concerns the young female members of the corps de ballet ( petits rats) of the Paris Opera from the period of the end of the July Monarchy to the fin de siècle. These ballerinas in training were not daughters of the haute bourgeoisie who lived in the elegant quartiers of Paris. Rather, many were children of the working classes who inhabited a vastly different world in those marginal districts of the capital untouched by Haussmann’s elaborate renovation projects during the Second Empire. They joined the Opera between the ages of six and eight to help support their families and worked six-day weeks like factory workers. A substantial body of literature suggests that the dancers supplemented their income and advanced in the ranks at the Opera by offering sexual favours to the abonnés (ballet subscribers) and dismisses them as frivolous, superficial adventurers out to better their social position by capturing the heart (and wallet) of a wealthy patron. Gossip columns satisfied the public’s appetite for scandalous intrigues and rags-to-riches stories of young girls who became celebrated ballerinas and/or courtesans. Critics fail to mention that there were among them serious young dancers who were dedicated to their craft. Degas took a personal interest in the dancers’ working lives and their progression through the Opera system, as seen in his letters and notebooks. Some of these young women attained celebrity status, like Josephine Chabot, Fanny Elssler and Eugenie Fiocre. This article seeks to separate the myth of the dancer from the reality of her life by entering the private world of the petits rats to examine their social and educational background and their experience as members of the corps de ballet as well as their life choices.
Bytes for Brights: Six Arithmetic Programs
Authors: Tkach John R. 
Published: April 2014

If kids are going to spend hours playing video games, they should be learning something. Enter “zap-zap” math games. That's what I call them. They transfer the excitement of the video game arcade to the home or classroom computer. Do kids like them? Yep, you bet they do. Are they good? Yes, but they do not replace a teacher. A gifted child has as much right to a teacher as any other child. Five of the six arithmetic games (all for 48K Apple II, II+, IIe) reviewed here have some arcade quality. Space Math and Math Blaster are the more obvious examples. In writing Fractions, EduWare abandoned the game format for a more formal approach that is smoothly and logically well executed. As with shoes, children are likely to outgrow some of these games quickly. Stickybear numbers will have the shortest useful life, although, children will also quickly outgrow Fractions, the best educational program in this report. In part that is testimony to how well it is written. Those programs would be a better investment for a school than a home unless your friend down the street will buy them from you when you are finished with them. Space Math and Math Blaster have enough built-in flexibility to last a child several years. You can get your money's worth out of all six of these programs. Math Blaster, Space Math, Fractions, and Knowing Numbers are Best Buys. If you are looking for a program for arithmetic fact drills for your limited budget, Math Blaster is the best investment.
Incidence of osteoporotic fractures in elderly women and men in Finland during 2005–2006: a population-based study
Authors: Koski A-M. , Patala A. , Patala E. , Sund R. 
Published: April 2014

Background and Aims: Osteoporosis is a major health concern in elderly population. Low-trauma fractures offer one way of identifying these patients for treatment. Population-specific incidences of osteoporotic fractures are essential to validate tools for clinical decision making. Material and Methods: To evaluate population-based osteoporotic fracture incidences in Central Finland, we performed a manual search of low-trauma fractures 2005–2006 from the records of all the local health-care organizations treating trauma patients. We identified low-trauma fracture patients from radiology reports from five health centers serving the inhabitants of nine municipalities and from the patient records of two hospitals in Central Finland. The manually collected data were then compared against data from the Finnish Health Care Register. Results: The crude incidence of all osteoporotic fractures in 2005–2006 in the population aged 50 years was 1254/100,000 person years: 694/100,000 person years in men and 1718/100,000 person years in women. Fracture numbers derived from register data were similar to those manually collected for hip and humerus fractures, but clearly smaller than those for wrist and ankle fractures. Conclusions: Population-based low-trauma fracture incidences, reported here for Finland, constitute a basis for calibration of fracture risk evaluation tools (e.g. the World Health Organization fracture risk evaluation tool, FRAX). This study showed that register data underestimate the incidences of, in particular, distal radius and ankle fractures.