bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Conventional and Lime-Treated Muds in Southwest Texas
Authors: Lancaster E.H. , Mitchell M.E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A mud-conditioning program found to be very effective for drilling andcompletion operations on routine field wells requiring relatively shortdrilling time involves a moderate alkaline-tannate-bentonite treatmentresulting in an ultimate filtration rate of 10.0 cc or less (API test). Mudweight schedules are planned from pressure information on completed wells inproducing reservoirs and drillstem test data obtained on other zones not beingproduced at present. In general, terminal mud viscosities average 45 sec(Marsh). This value has been found to be sufficient to remove cuttings from thewell bore on the average well, with the slush pumps in general use on therigs.
On field wells requiring drilling times in excess of approximately 30 days, an alkaline-tannate-lime-bentonite treatment has been effective in maintainingdesirable viscosities and filtration rates with a substantial reduction inchemical costs. This system has shown particular advantage on heavily weightedmuds and those with abnormal flow-line temperatures.
For the most part, the chemical treatment utilized in wildcat drillingfollows closely the program used on field wells, depending on depth andduration of drilling operations. Wildcat mud programs are planned frominformation available from various geologic and operational sources, takinginto consideration the possibility of encountering mud problems of a specialnature in the wildcat area. Careful planning of wildcat mud programs has provedto have definite value in avoiding most serious mud problems.
An analysis and recommended treatment are presented on several special mudproblems which have been encountered in the area in the past. Those problemsdiscussed are lost circulation, blowouts, sloughing shale, excessive chloridecontamination, sulphate contamination, and prevention and correction of cementcontamination.

Introduction
Drilling-mud control in the Southwest Texas area, in general, does notinvolve the multiplicity of problems encountered in other coastal areas. Forinstance, it is rare that a mixture of problems such as lost circulation, abnormal pressure, severe sloughing shale, and others, occurs on one wellwithin close enough limits in vertical depth not to be taken care of by asensible casing program, together with a relatively clear-cut mud program.There are conditions such as the fairly widespread occurrence of abnormalpressure in the lower Frio and Vicksburg zones, and the tendency for sloughingshale in the Jackson section which make for rather expensive mud control.However, the availability of fairly accurate geologic and operationalinformation makes possible a reasonable degree of standardization on mudtreatment over a relatively large area. It may be said that, over most of thisarea where drilling is currently in progress, the natural mud made is very poorin quality, but responds readily to moderate chemical treatment to yield verygood wall-building characteristics.
T.P. 2457
Safety and Situation Awareness: "Keeping the Bubble" in Offshore Drilling Crews
Authors: Sneddon A. , Mearns K. , Flin R. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Research into human factors causes of accidents in the oil and gas industry has indicated lack of care and attention as a main cause1. One particular factor that may contribute is reduced situation awareness (SA) of those concerned. Despite the importance of SA in accident prevention, little research has investigated the effects of work factors upon awareness levels. This paper examines how the quality of drilling crews' SA can be affected by several job characteristics inherent to the offshore oil and gas industry, and the relationship with accident and near-miss rates.
A questionnaire developed to measure workload, stress and fatigue, and their impact upon SA, was distributed to offshore drilling crew personnel. Results indicated that those with increased stress and fatigue levels had poorer quality SA; however, SA was unaffected by workload. In addition, individuals who had experienced an accident during their offshore working history had significantly lower SA levels than those who had never experienced an accident.
A second study examined in more detail fatigue and shift pattern issues and their impact on SA. Here, increased fatigue was associated with poorer SA. However, while individuals working on split-shift and rotating shift patterns experienced more fatigue than individuals working all day shift, they did not experience significantly poorer SA, nor were any differences found between SA levels of individuals working shifts compatible with their circadian rhythms and individuals working incompatible shift schedules.
This paper clarifies with empirical evidence the theorised but previously untested impact of work factors such as fatigue and stress on SA. The SA questionnaire can also be used as a tool to highlight issues requiring organisational attention (e.g. sources of fatigue), and when deciding upon training programmes for individuals, targeting areas that may require additional focus (as highlighted by the scores).
Reducing Well Cost Utilizing Liner-Drilling Operations in South Texas
Authors: Billa R. , Watkins D. , Weissman M. , Clark L. , McClain E. , Sessions J. , Evans K. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Recent technological advances are driving casing and liner drilling from a niche market into the mainstream environment. Improved connections, tubulars, advances in rig technology and pipe handling have enabled operators to consider drilling with casing/liner as an option on many new wells1,2. Escalating deepwater costs and the need to further reduce onshore drilling expenses in low cost fields continue to push the technology forward.
In a mature South Texas field, an operator discovered the difficulties of drilling into formations with weak matrix strengths, loss circulation zones, and tight pore pressure/fracture gradient windows. These issues have deemed the field sensitive to aggressive drilling techniques and the operator has been forced into a conservative drilling program with reduced flow rates and lower weight-on-bit capacity. The operator needed to reduce trouble time, lower costs and make the wells more economically feasible.
A service company introduced a new liner drilling system solution to get through the extensive problematic zones. The system is engineered so the operator can ream to bottom and then continue drilling with the liner to the required target depth. The system is comprised of a drillable fixed cutter casing bit and a drill-in liner assembly designed to handle the rigors of a drilling environment (rotation, reciprocation and drilling torque). The liner system utilizes a running tool that allows the liner to be used in drilling mode handling all the required drilling loads without fear of release. Once at desired setting depth, the hydraulically balanced liner-running tool is released with a setting ball. The casing bit is manufactured from a specialized steel alloy that allows technicians to braze polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters directly to the one-piece bit ensuring a robust cutting structure capable of efficiently drilling new formation as well as reaming existing hole. The system allowed the operator to drill in the liner to TD, cement, and then drill out to the next casing point.
To date, nine intervals have been drilled with this system in South Texas. This paper will focus on the problems encountered in the field, the development work in establishing a solution for the operator, the results attained, and lessons learned through using this new technology.
Blowout Contingency and Risk-Reduction Measures for High-Rate Subsea Gas Wells in Mexilhao
Authors: Lage Antonio C.V. M. , Jacinto Carlos M. C. , Martins Francisco S. B. , Vanni Guilherme S. , Santos Otto L. A. , Moreiras Jose R. F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The present study focuses on the description of a methodology that is used to elaborate a complete analysis of a blowout in the field of Mexilhao, which is the largest undeveloped gas accumulation in Brazil.
The methodology comprises a hazard and operability analysis (HAZOP) and a quantified risk assessment (QRA), which are necessary processes for identifying and prioritizing potential hazards. In addition, the combination of the HAZOP with the QRA makes easier the introduction of appropriate measures for reducing overall operational risks. Besides those activities, some details of a blowout contingency plan are presented, including bubble plume calculations, relief well planning, and dynamic killing design.
Evidence on the Information Content of Text in Analyst Reports
Authors: Huang Allen H. , Zang Amy Y. , Zheng Rong 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
We document that textual discussions in a sample of 363,952 analyst reports provide information to investors beyond that in the contemporaneously released earnings forecasts, stock recommendations, and target prices, and also assist investors in interpreting these signals. Cross-sectionally, we find that investors react more strongly to negative than to positive text, suggesting that analysts are especially important in propagating bad news. Additional evidence indicates that analyst report text is more useful when it places more emphasis on nonfinancial topics, is written more assertively and concisely, and when the perceived validity of other information signals in the same report is low. Finally, analyst report text is shown to have predictive value for future earnings growth in the subsequent five years.
Analysis of Prolactin and Kappa-Casein Genes Polymorphism in Four Cattle Breeds in Turkey
Authors: Akyüz Bilal , Ulaş Çınar Mehmet 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify allele and genotype frequencies of CSN3 and PRL genes in four cattle breeds in Turkey. For this purpose, a total of 390 cattle of East Anatolian Red (EAR), Zavot, Brown Swiss (BS) and Simmental (SIM) breeds were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. A 443 bp fragment of CSN3 and a 156 bp fragment of PRL were amplified and digested with HindIII and RsaI restriction enzymes, respectively. For CSN3 and PRL genes, two types of alleles (A and B) and three types of genotypes (AA, BB, and AB) were observed. The highest frequencies for CSN3-A and CSN3-B alleles were estimated for the EAR breed (0.743) and for the BS breed (0.556), respectively. The highest frequency for PRL-A and PRL-B alleles was estimated for the SIM breed (0.801) and for the BS breed (0.315), respectively. The Chi-square test among the investigated cattle breeds showed that only the Zavot breed was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for both loci.
Influence of Production Season and Lactation Stage on the Technological Suitability of Milk from Cows of Various Breeds Fed in the TMR System
Authors: Barłowska Joanna , Litwińczuk Zygmunt , Kowal Monika 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate selected indicators of the technological suitability of milk from four breeds of cow housed in free-stall barns and fed in a TMR system. A total of 1, 146 milk samples were analysed, collected from cows of the breeds Polish Holstein-Friesian (Black-and-White and Red-and-White populations), Jersey, and Simmental. The following were determined in the samples: content of solids non-fat and casein, protein-to-fat ratio, active and potential acidity, heat stability, rennet clotting time, and milk fat dispersion. Despite the use of a mono-diet (TMR) year round, somewhat higher daily milk yield was obtained in the spring/summer season, but the differences were statistically significant (P≤0.01) only in the case of PHF RW. The milk obtained in the autumn/winter season contained more solids-non-fat, including casein, and in the case of JE and PHF HO the differences were statistically significant (P≤0.01). It also had significantly higher heat stability and a longer rennet clotting time (P≤0.01), with the greatest differences noted in the case of the SM breed. Milk from this period also had a higher percentage of fat globules with a diameter. 6 ≥m. The concentration of solids-non-fat, including casein, increased significantly (P≤0.01) over the course of lactation in all of the breeds evaluated. The stage of lactation did not significantly affect clotting time, heat stability, or milk fat dispersion.
La traduction (im)propre du nom propre littéraire
Authors: Lungu-Badea Georgiana 
Published: June 2014

Résumé
Nous nous proposons de présenter dans cet article quelques traductions (im)propres de noms propres littéraires et de titres (ergonymes) littéraires afin d’attirer l’attention sur les effets et, le cas échéant, sur les éventuels méfaits traductifs
“Each year the Indians flexed their muscles a little more”: The Maliseet Defence of Aboriginal Fishing Rights on the St. John River, 1945–1990
Authors: Kenny James , Parenteau Bill 
Published: June 2014

Abstract: As in the rest of Canada in the postwar period, Aboriginal resistance to state fishing regulations in New Brunswick intensified. This article explores the conflict between Maliseet, commercial and sports fishers, and the state on the Kingsclear Reserve on the St. John River between 1945 and 1990. While the province's Aboriginal population had long asserted their fishing rights on the basis of eighteenth-century treaties, the modern struggle reflected the new challenges of the modernization era when water pollution, over-fishing by an industrial offshore fishery, and construction of hydroelectric dams reduced the river's Atlantic salmon population. Encouraged by an influential angling lobby, state authorities attempted to restrict Aboriginal fishing, especially at Kingsclear, located at the foot of the Mactaquac dam. As they had in the past, the Maliseet resisted enforcement of fisheries regulations, but a new generation of leaders, working closely with other Canadian Aboriginal organizations, also challenged the state in the courts and media. Faced with growing opposition both locally and nationally, and a judiciary increasingly sensitive to Aboriginal issues, federal enforcement declined, setting the stage for a negotiated settlement with the province. This study also shows that Maritime First Nations were active participants in the national wave of Aboriginal resistance and militancy during the 1970s and 1980s.
The effect of duty hour regulations on outcomes of neurological surgery in training hospitals in the United States: duty hour regulations and patient outcomes
Authors: Norby Kiersten , Siddiq Farhan , Adil Malik M. , Haines Stephen J. 
Published: June 2014

Object
The effects of sleep deprivation on performance have been well documented and have led to changes in duty hour regulation. New York State implemented stricter duty hours in 1989 after sleep deprivation among residents was thought to have contributed to a patient's death. The goal of this study was to determine if increased regulation of resident duty hours results in measurable changes in patient outcomes.

Methods
Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures at hospitals with neurosurgery training programs were identified and screened for in-hospital complications, in-hospital procedures, discharge disposition, and in-hospital mortality. Comparisons in the above outcomes were made between New York hospitals and non–New York hospitals before and after the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) regulations were put into effect in 2003.

Results
Analysis of discharge disposition demonstrated that 81.9% of patients in the New York group 2000–2002 were discharged to home compared with 84.1% in the non–New York group 2000–2002 (p = 0.6, adjusted multivariate analysis). In-hospital mortality did not significantly differ (p = 0.7). After the regulations were implemented, there was a nonsignificant decrease in patients discharged to home in the non–New York group: 84.1% of patients in the 2000–2002 group compared with 81.5% in the 2004–2006 group (p = 0.6). In-hospital mortality did not significantly change (p = 0.9). In New York there was no significant change in patient outcomes with the implementation of the regulations; 81.9% of patients in the 2000–2002 group were discharged to home compared with 78.0% in the 2004–2006 group (p = 0.3). In-hospital mortality did not significantly change (p = 0.4). After the regulations were in place, analysis of discharge disposition demonstrated that 81.5% of patients in the non–New York group 2004–2006 were discharged to home compared with 78.0% in the New York group 2004–2006 (p = 0.01). In-hospital mortality was not significantly different (p = 0.3).

Conclusions
Regulation of resident duty hours has not resulted in significant changes in outcomes among neurosurgical patients.
Wann werden gebietsfremde Gehölze invasiv? Ein methodologischer Ansatz
Authors: Conedera Marco , Schoenenberger Nicola 
Published: June 2014

When do non-native species become invasive? A methodological approach
The invasive behavior of non-native species in a new habitat depends on the invasiveness of the species itself on the one hand and on the invasibility of the ecosystems on the other hand. We discuss the mutual relations between the traits that foster the invasiveness of selected woody species and the invasibility of the concerned ecosystems in the light of the leading theories on ecological invasions. As examples we use selected tree species (Robinia pseudoacacia, Ailanthus altissima, Prunus serotina, Cinnamomum glandulifera), shrub species (Prunus laurocerasus, Laurus nobilis, Elaeagnus pungens) and a palm species (Trachycarpus fortunei) that are already considered to be invasive in the southern foothills of the Swiss Alps.
Neomyzeten – eine anhaltende Bedrohung für den Schweizer Wald
Authors: Sieber Thomas N. 
Published: June 2014

Neomycetes – persistent threats to Swiss forests
More than 40 neomycetes pathogenic to woody plant species were introduced to Switzerland during the last 100 years, and the number is increasing exponentially. A few neomycetes are invasive and cause serious diseases on forest and ornamental trees: Cryphonectria parasitica, causal agent of chestnut blight, Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus causing ash dieback, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi causing Dutch elm disease and Ceratocystis platani causing canker stain of plane. The causal agents of sudden oak death (Phytophthora ramorum) and collar and root rot of alder (P. alni ssp. alni) have been detected in Switzerland but have not reached epidemic levels. Ceratocystis fagacearum, causal agent of oak wilt, or Leptographium wageneri causing black stain root disease of conifers are absent from Switzerland, but are threats to Swiss forests and measures have been implemented to prevent their introduction. Prevention of threats by fungi which are harmless symbionts in their native range, e.g. endophytic fungi, is more challenging. The only way to avoid the endophyte problem is to grow trees from aseptic seed, saplings or meristem cultures. Additionally, setup of sentinel plantings in as many regions as possible all over the world could serve as early warning systems. To prevent the introduction of wilt and root diseases, only treated wood and treated potting media should be allowed for import. Natural regeneration prevents contamination of forest soils by Phytophthora species originating from nursery plants.
Notes linguistiques et critiques sur le Livre III des Coniques d’Apollonius de Pergè (Seconde partie)
Authors: Federspiel Michel 
Published: June 2014

Suite des précédents articles consacrés aux Livres I, II et III des
Coniques et publiés dans cette Revue. Elle peut aussi servir à compléter le Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie géométrique des Grecs de Ch. Mugler. – Recherches étendues sur δεικτέον ὅτι ἐπει, ουν et ἀλλα dans les mathématiques grecques.
Binding SNOMED CT Terms to Archetype Elements
Authors: Bermudez J. , Illarramendi A. , Berges I. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Managing Interoperability and Complexity in Health Systems”.Background: The proliferation of archetypes as a means to represent information of Electronic Health Records has raised the need of binding terminological codes – such as SNOMED CT codes – to their elements, in order to identify them univocally. However, the large size of the terminologies makes it difficult to perform this task manually.Objectives: To establish a baseline of results for the aforementioned problem by using off-the-shelf string comparison-based techniques against which results from more complex techniques could be evaluated.Methods: Nine Typed Comparison Methods were evaluated for binding using a set of 487 archetype elements. Their recall was calculated and Friedman and Nemenyi tests were applied in order to assess whether any of the methods outperformed the others.Results: Using the qGrams method along with the ‘Text’ information piece of archetype elements outperforms the other methods if a level of confidence of 90% is considered. A recall of 25.26% is obtained if just one SNOMED CT term is retrieved for each archetype element. This recall rises to 50.51% and 75.56% if 10 and 100 elements are retrieved respectively, that being a reduction of more than 99.99% on the SNOMED CT code set.Conclusions: The baseline has been established following the above-mentioned results. Moreover, it has been observed that although string comparison-based methods do not outperform more sophisticated techniques, they still can be an alternative for providing a reduced set of candidate terms for each archetype element from which the ultimate term can be chosen later in the more-than-likely manual supervision task.
Monitoring Nocturnal Heart Rate with Bed Sensor
Authors: Kortelainen J. M. , Pärkkä J. , Tenhunen M. , Himanen S. L. , Bianchi A. M. , Migliorini M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Biosignal Interpretation: Advanced Methods for Studying Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems”.Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of the estimated Nocturnal Heart Rate (HR), recorded through a bed sensor, compared with the one obtained from standard electrocardiography (ECG).Methods: Twenty-eight sleep deprived patients were recorded for one night each through matrix of piezoelectric sensors, integrated into the mattress, through polysomnography (PSG) simultaneously. The two recording methods have been compared in terms of signal quality and differences in heart beat detection.Results: On average, coverage of 92.7% of the total sleep time was obtained for the bed sensor, testifying the good quality of the recordings. The average beat-to-beat error of the inter-beat intervals was 1.06%. These results suggest a good overall signal quality, however, considering fast heart rates (HR > 100 bpm), performances were worse: in fact, the sensitivity in the heart beat detection was 28.4% while the false positive rate was 3.8% which means that a large amount of fast beats were not detected.Conclusions: The accuracy of the measurements made using the bed sensor has less than 10% of failure rate especially in periods with HR lower than 70 bpm. For fast heart beats the uncertainty increases. This can be explained by the change in morphology of the bed sensor signal in correspondence of a higher HR.