bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐state evaluation of Candida infections in burn patients
Authors: Salimi Maryam , Javidnia Javad , Abastabar Mahdi , Mobayen Mohammad Reza , Moslemi Azam , Rahimzadeh Golnar , Yazdani Charati Jamshid , Mirzaei Tirabadi Nahid , Nouranibaladezaei Seyedehzahra , Asghari Hassan , Sobouti Behnam , Dahmardehei Mostafa , Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba , Shokohi Tahereh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBurn patients are at high risk of developing secondary invasive fungal infections due to their compromised skin barrier, extensive use of antibiotics, and immunosuppression.ObjectivesWe investigated demographic characteristics and clinical factors associated with Candida infections in intensive care unit (ICU) burn patients, and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of species of isolates.MethodsA total of 353 burn patients admitted to three major ICUs of burn centers in Iran were evaluated between 2021 and 2023. Patients were considered as colonisation and candidemia. Demographic characteristics, burn‐related factors, and clinical conditions were compared among the groups. Furthermore, we identified fungi at the species level and performed antifungal susceptibility testing according to CLSI guidelines.ResultsOverall, 46.2% of patients were colonised with a Candida species, leading to candidemia in 15.3%. The most frequently isolated species from candidemia and burn wound colonisation were Candida parapsilosis (37.0%) and Candida albicans (31.9%), respectively. Risk factors linked to candidemia included larger total body surface area (TBSA) (>50%), older patients, indwelling catheters, diabetes, and an extended ICU stay. Mortality rate was higher among candidemia patients (82.5%) compared to colonised patients (7.3%). The resistance rate of the strains isolated from candidemia to fluconazole and voriconazole was 28% and 18.2%, respectively.ConclusionWe found that a higher percentage of TBSA burn injuries, longer hospital stays, and catheterization are important predictors of candidemia. The mortality rate was significantly higher in people infected with non‐albicans Candida species. Prevention and treatment strategies for candidemia should be based on updated, regional epidemiological data.
Anthropology at speed, at scale, in action: The CommuniVax example
Authors: Brunson Emily K. , Schoch‐Spana Monica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis special issue presents accounts of different aspects of the CommuniVax Coalition and its work—a project that conducted rapid, multisited, applied anthropological research to deliver guidance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our purpose in writing these articles is to provide details of our work so anthropologists interested in similar types of research can learn from our efforts. While anthropological research has been, and largely still is, an endeavor of individuals at a relatively slow pace, the future of the discipline, and especially of anthropologists working outside traditional academia, is team‐based, rapid research. As such, anthropologists need to know how to conduct research at speed, participate as members of research teams and, more importantly, how to organize and lead teams to conduct timely, collaborative, focused, and practical research.
Rikkunshito improves anorexia through ghrelin‐ and orexin‐dependent activation of the brain hypothalamus and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway in rats
Authors: Yakabi Koji , Yamaguchi Naomi , Takayama Kiyoshige , Hosomi Eriko , Hori Yutaro , Ro Shoki , Ochiai Mitsuko , Maezawa Kosuke , Yakabi Seiichi , Harada Yumi , Fujitsuka Naoki , Nagoshi Sumiko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRikkunshito (RKT), a traditional Japanese medicine, can relieve epigastric discomfort and anorexia in patients with functional dyspepsia. RKT enhances the orexigenic hormone, ghrelin. Ghrelin regulates food motivation by stimulating the appetite control center in the hypothalamus and the brain mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway (MDPW). However, the effect of RKT on MDPW remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the central neural mechanisms underlying the orexigenic effects of RKT, focusing on the MDPW.MethodsWe examined the effects of RKT on food intake and neuronal c‐Fos expression in restraint stress‐ and cholecystokinin octapeptide‐induced anorexia in male rats.Key ResultsRKT treatment significantly restored stress‐ and cholecystokinin octapeptide‐induced decreased food intake. RKT increased c‐Fos expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), especially in tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive neurons, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The effects of RKT were suppressed by the ghrelin receptor antagonist [D‐Lys3]‐GHRP‐6. RKT increased the number of c‐Fos/orexin‐double‐positive neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), which project to the VTA. The orexin receptor antagonist, SB334867, suppressed RKT‐induced increase in food intake and c‐Fos expression in the LH, VTA, and NAc. RKT increased c‐Fos expression in the arcuate nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract of the medulla, which was inhibited by [D‐Lys3]‐GHRP‐6.Conclusions & InferencesRKT may restore appetite in subjects with anorexia through ghrelin‐ and orexin‐dependent activation of neurons regulating the brain appetite control network, including the hypothalamus and MDPW.
Hydrogen isotope fractionation in plants with C3, C4, and CAM CO2 fixation
Authors: Schuler Philipp , Rehmann Oliver , Vitali Valentina , Saurer Matthias , Oettli Manuela , Cernusak Lucas A. , Gessler Arthur , Buchmann Nina , Lehmann Marco M. 
Published: August 2024

Summary

Measurements of stable isotope ratios in organic compounds are widely used tools for plant ecophysiological studies. However, the complexity of the processes involved in shaping hydrogen isotope values (δ2H) in plant carbohydrates has limited its broader application.

To investigate the underlying biochemical processes responsible for 2H fractionation among water, sugars, and cellulose in leaves, we studied the three main CO2 fixation pathways (C3, C4, and CAM) and their response to changes in temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD).

We show significant differences in autotrophic 2H fractionation (εA) from water to sugar among the pathways and their response to changes in air temperature and VPD. The strong 2H depleting εA in C3 plants is likely driven by the photosynthetic H+ production within the thylakoids, a reaction that is spatially separated in C4 and strongly reduced in CAM plants, leading to the absence of 2H depletion in the latter two types. By contrast, we found that the heterotrophic 2H‐fractionation (εH) from sugar to cellulose was very similar among the three pathways and is likely driven by the plant's metabolism, rather than by isotopic exchange with leaf water.

Our study offers new insights into the biochemical drivers of 2H fractionation in plant carbohydrates.
Economic Growth Analysis When Balanced Growth Paths May Be Time Varying
Authors: Mountford Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe determinants of an economy's growth path for income per head may vary over time. In this paper, we apply unobserved components analysis to an otherwise standard panel model of economic growth dynamics so that an economy's long‐run relative income per head can change at any point of time. We apply this model to data for US states for 1929–2021 and the world economy for 1970–2019. In both datasets an economy's initial relative income per head is a good predictor of its long‐run relative income per head. Relatively poor economies on average remain relatively poor.
Betel‐quid addictive use disorders and Oral potentially malignant disorders and Oral cancer in south, southeast, and East Asia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ko Albert Min‐Shan , Wu Pei‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Ting , Lee Chien‐Hung 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the measurement and prevalence of betel‐quid (BQ) abuse, dependence, and BQ use disorder (BUD), as well as to evaluate the impact of BQ addiction on oral malignant diseases.MethodsWe used the PRISMA guidelines to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis. We searched for relevant publications up to April 2024 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. The articles were evaluated for BQ addiction and its relationship with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer.ResultsThe prevalence of BQ abuse, dependence, and BUD in South, Southeast, and East Asia varied between 0.8%–46.3%, 0.4%–43.5%, and 4.7%–39.2%, respectively. Among BQ chewers, the corresponding proportions of these disorders ranged from 40.5%–99.6%, 20.9%–99.6%, and 55.2%–99.3%. The pooled risks of OPMD associated with BQ abuse, dependence, and BUD were 16.3, 18.7, and 9.6–35.5, respectively. The risk of oral cancer for mild, moderate, and severe BUD was 8.5, 8.2, and 42.3, respectively.ConclusionsBUD mediates the link between BQ use and an increased risk of oral malignant disorders. Addressing and treating BQ addiction is an important component of comprehensive OPMD and oral cancer preventive and intervention programs that go beyond simple cessation efforts.
Priapulid neoichnology, ecosystem engineering, and the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition
Authors: Turk Katherine A. , Wehrmann Achim , Laflamme Marc , Darroch Simon A. F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe evolutionary rise of powerful new ecosystem engineering impacts is thought to have played an important role in driving waves of biospheric change across the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition (ECT; c. 574–538 Ma). Among the most heavily cited of these is bioturbation (organism‐driven sediment disturbance) as these activities have been shown to have critical downstream geobiological impacts. In this regard priapulid worms are crucial; trace fossils thought to have been left by priapulan‐grade animals are now recognized as appearing shortly before the base of the Cambrian and represent some of the earliest examples of bed‐penetrative bioturbation. Understanding the ecosystem engineering impacts of priapulids may thus be key to reconstructing drivers of the ECT. However, priapulids are rare in modern benthic ecosystems, and thus comparatively little is known about the behaviours and impacts associated with their burrowing. Here, we present the early results of neoichnological experiments focused on understanding the ecosystem engineering impacts of priapulid worms. We observe for the first time a variety of new burrowing behaviours (including the formation of linked burrow networks and long in‐burrow residence times) hinting at larger ecosystem engineering impacts in this group than previously thought. Finally, we identify means by which these results may contribute to our understanding of tracemakers across the ECT, and the role they may have had in shaping the latest Ediacaran and earliest Cambrian biosphere.
Editing and genome‐wide analysis upstream open reading frames contributes to enhancing salt tolerance in tomato
Authors: Jia Chunping , Wang Juan , Guo Bin , Yang Tao , Yang Haitao , Wang Baike , Yu Qinghui 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe salinization of soil constitutes a substantial hindrance to the advancement of sustainable agriculture. Our research seeks to elucidate the role of a Rab GTPase‐activating protein (RabGAP) family member, SlRabGAP22, in salt tolerance and its translational regulation under salt stress in tomatoes, employing gene‐editing techniques and ribosome profiling methodologies. Findings demonstrate that SlRabGAP22 acts as a positive regulator of tomato salt tolerance, with four predicted upstream open reading frames (uORFs) classified into three categories. Functional uORFs were found to be negative regulation. Editing these uORFs along with altering their classifications and characteristics mitigated the inhibitory effects on primary ORFs and fine‐tuned gene expression. Enhanced tomato salt tolerance was attributed to improved scavenging of reactive oxygen species, reduced toxicity Na+, and diminished osmotic stress effects. Furthermore, we conducted genome‐wide analysis of ORFs to lay the foundation for further research on uORFs in tomatoes. In summary, our findings offer novel perspectives and important data for the enhancement of genetic traits via uORF‐based strategies and translational regulation against the backdrop of salt stress.
A case of congenital pili multigemini
Authors: Davidson Edan , Finkelstein Eve , Gold Jonathan , Molho‐Pessach Vered 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPili multigemini is an uncommon hair follicle disorder, where multiple hair shafts emerge from the same follicular opening. While it is commonly observed in men's facial hair, it has also been reported, albeit infrequently, in other areas of the body. Here we describe an unusual case of congenital pili multigemini presenting on the eyebrow of a female infant.
Investigating properties of sweet cherry (Prunus avium) flower buds that help promote freezing avoidance by supercooling
Authors: Houghton E. , Watanabe Y. , Neilsen D. , Nelson L. M. , Hannam K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Mechanisms involved in the supercooling of plant tissues as a means of low temperature survival are still not fully understood. We investigated properties that may promote supercooling in overwintering sweet cherry (Prunus avium) flower buds.
We conducted experiments on sweet cherry flower buds using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and observed locations of ice formation in the bud structure. We also used anatomical development and water‐soluble dye uptake throughout the overwintering period to identify changes that correlate with gain and loss of supercooling capacity.
Our results revealed barriers to ice propagation are likely unique to each primordium, as inferred from exotherms produced from buds subjected to DTA, although multiple primordia may freeze simultaneously. Ice is accommodated between the bud scales and within the bud axis; however, full expression of supercooling was not dependent on the presence of scales. Anatomical and DTA studies revealed a correlation between vascular differentiation in primordia and loss of supercooling in the spring; these observations were at a higher temporal resolution than previously described for Prunus. Furthermore, disturbing tissues subtending the primordia interfered with typical patterns of supercooling, indicated more erratic and numerous exotherms produced during DTA.
In summary, sweet cherry flower buds undergo extra‐organ freezing. In winter, a barrier to ice propagation in the region directly subtending primordia protects the flower from freezing damage, but in the spring xylem differentiation in primordia provides a conduit for ice propagation that compromises supercooling.
Domain‐specific control for cognitive and emotional conflict: Evidence from the transfer of proportion congruency effects
Authors: Xiang Ling , Gao Yu , Yang Tingting , Clayson Peter Eugene , Wang Baoxi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere is ongoing debate about whether control‐related processing related to cognitive conflict and emotional conflict operate independently. This study manipulated the proportion of congruent to incongruent trials to determine the domain specificity or generality of these two types of conflict control. Two experiments were conducted in which spatial Simon conflict was combined with emotional face‐word conflict. In Experiment 1, the proportion congruency (PC) of spatial conflict was manipulated, and in Experiment 2, the PC of emotional conflict was manipulated. The aim was to determine whether control‐related processes elicited by cognitive or emotional conflict show domain‐specific (within cognitive or within emotional control‐related effects) or domain‐general effects, where control elicited by cognitive conflict benefits emotional control processes and vice versa. Behavioral findings indicated that spatial and emotional conflict exhibited within‐domain PC effects. For event‐related brain potential (ERP) activity, PC effects were primarily reflected in a late slow potential, rather than an early negativity, suggesting that control‐related adjustments impacted conflict resolution rather than conflict detection. Furthermore, the results did not show evidence of PC effects across domains for behavioral or ERP data, indicating that proactive control elicited by PC manipulation does not transfer across cognitive and emotional conflict. This study supports the modular nature of proactive control for processes related to cognitive and emotional control.
Educational inequality as a consequence and cause of race
Authors: Rochmes Jane 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review starts from the premise that racial inequality has become a normalized backdrop within U.S. education, in many ways following the prevailing racial hierarchy in society. While enduring racial stratification produces numerous educational disparities, I argue that these disparities, in turn, contribute to reinforcing the symbolic meanings associated with racial categories. Put simply, racial inequality in education is both a consequence and a cause of race itself. I review these “predictable” patterns of racial inequality in education, distilling some of the nuances that are most frequently misunderstood and summarizing trends through recent data. Next, I examine explanations for racial inequality in education, debunking some persistent misconceptions. Then I synthesize the patterns and explanations with literature highlighting how racial inequality in education re‐constructs durable notions of racial categories and racialization. All three of these areas have produced significant scholarship, but they are seldom fully in conversation with one another. Finally, I discuss the role of race and racism in the latest politicization of schools to argue that it can be understood as a new wave in the colorblind era, with significant implications for the social construction of whiteness and the potential to stall progress toward reducing racial inequality in education.
Introduction to the Debate: How Does Political Science Matter? The Relevance and Impact of the Discipline
Authors: Garzia Diego , Papadopoulos Yannis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis debate aims at discussing the broader social relevance of political science research, a debate that has not yet taken place in Switzerland although it has been ongoing internationally. In this introduction, we highlight the main questions raised by the debate and illustrate the various contributions. With this debate we hope to stimulate further contributions on the topic in the future.
The Swiss Approach to Societal Impact is Good, but Might Become Even Better: A Comment on Ochsner
Authors: Lepori Benedetto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn my comment to Michael Ochsner's essay on societal impact of research, I argue that Michael is right to point to the complexity of societal impact and to the pitfalls of overly simple measurement frameworks as the one introduced in the UK's Research Assessment Framework. I also convey with him that the lack of such framework does not mean that societal impact is not an important dimension of Swiss research policy. However, I observe that there is currently a stronger concern at the political and societal level for accountability and measuring more systematically societal impact, as related to the emergence of societal grand challenges. Accordingly, I suggest that political scientists should be more proactive and suggest novel ways of measuring impact and of integrating impact assessment in the evaluation of research programs, funding agencies and higher education institutions.
Beyond Social Impact: The Value of Science for Society (A Comment on Ochsner)
Authors: Bernardi Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe following text is a brief commentary on Michael Ochsner's article “The Mis‐conceptualisation of Societal Impact: Why the Swiss Approach to Societal Impact is Productive and not Inexistent” in this special issue. It makes three points about the concept of social impact. The first point questions the appropriateness of the concept of social impact for assessing the value of research to society. The second point concerns the balance between creativity and research limits and between research freedom and responsibility to society. Finally, I look at the implications of information and communication technologies and artificial intelligence in assessing the value of research to society.
Neutrophil extracellular trap related risk score exhibits crucial prognostic value in skin cutaneous melanoma, associating with distinct immune characteristics
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Bi Xiaoqing , Yan Pengrong , Wang Congcong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are related to the prognosis of cancer patients. Nevertheless, the potential prognostic values of NETs in skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) remains largely unknown.Materials and methodsThe NET‐related gene signature was constructed by LASSO Cox regression analysis using the TCGA‐SKCM cohort. The overall survival (OS) and immune status in SKCM patients between the high‐ and low‐NET score (high‐score, low‐score) groups were explored. The scRNA‐seq dataset GSE115978 was used to understand the role of NET score in SKCM at single cell resolution.ResultsA five NET genes‐based signature (TLR2, CLEC6A, PDE4B, SLC22A4 and CYP4F3) was constructed as the NET‐related prognostic model for SKCM. The OS of SKCM patients with low‐score was better than that in patients with high‐score. Additionally, NET score was negatively associated with infiltration of some immune cells (e.g. type I Macrophages, CD8‐T cells, CD4‐T cells). Moreover, patients with high‐score had low stromal, immune and ESTIMATE scores. Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis results showed that Lapatinib, Trametinib and Erlotinib may have better therapeutic advantages in patients with high‐score.ConclusionWe established a NET‐related five gene signature in SKCM and found that the NET‐related signature may exhibit a good predictive ability for SKCM prognosis. The NET score may not only predict the survival outcome and drug sensitivity in SKCM, but also reflect the immune conditions of SKCM patients.
Differences in soil seed longevity for two subspecies of the invasive weed, Chrysanthemoides monilifera (Asteraceae)
Authors: French Kris , Ashcroft Michael B. , Panetta F. Dane , Raghu S. , Cherry Hillary 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe persistence of a soil seed bank influences weed management options. However, for many species, the degree of persistence of a soil seed bank is unknown. We assessed how long seeds remain in the soil for two invasive weeds, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera (boneseed) and C. monilifera subsp. rotundata (bitou bush), as seeds of these species were predicted to have different longevity in the soil associated with differences in seed coat thickness. Seeds of both subspecies were buried at two depths at two sites in eastern Australia. Seeds were tested for germinability and viability regularly over an 8‐year period. Freshly collected seeds had quite low viability, and there was a rapid decline in viability in the first couple of years after burial, with C. m. rotundata declining faster than C. m. monilifera. Some seeds, however, remained viable in the soil at some sites for up to 8 years, with high site‐to‐site variability. The variability in viability from site to site may be due to the length of time soils remain moist: a combination of rainfall quantity and humidity levels. The low numbers of seeds remaining viable at 8 years indicate progressively lower probabilities of recruitment at sites following weed control but also suggest that monitoring for both subspecies needs to occur for a long period to minimize the risk of reinfestation from the seed bank.