bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photobioreactors with internal illumination – A survey and comparison
Authors: Heining Martin , Buchholz Rainer 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe idea of internally illuminated photobioreactors has existed since the 1990s and various systems were developed since. Recently, the interest in these systems has been on the rise again, due to the increased production of and research on high‐value products and recombinant proteins from microalgae and plant cell cultures. While promising results in lab‐scale have been achieved, the potential of photoautotrophic or mixotrophic production of these compounds is limited due to the lack of scalable photobioreactors, which could be overcome by internally illuminated systems. In this article, we review different internally illuminated photobioreactors from the last two decades and classify them into two major groups. The photobioreactors are compared based on the ratio of illuminated surface‐to‐culture volume and the occupied volume by internal light‐emitting elements, and possible obstacles, challenges and future trends are discussed. Looking forward, new technologies and smaller light sources have improved the potential of internally illuminated photobioreactors with internal light sources and will enable these technologies to compete with systems with internal light guides, but only a few of these systems have currently achieved a relevant scale.
Using computer virtualization and software tools to implement a low cost laboratory for the teaching of storage area networks
Authors: García Javier , Entrialgo Joaquín 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article presents a lab approach for teaching storage area networks (SANs). Physical SANs are complex and costly infrastructures that require significant space. Both the cost and size are serious difficulties in setting up labs for teaching SANs. The lab approach presented in this article solves both problems by using computer virtualization, as well as software tools to emulate storage systems, so that lab activities can be carried out in a single physical computer. The article discusses the selection of a virtualization platform suitable for the teaching of SANs. Using the selected platform (the Hyper‐V hypervisor), a set of learning modules is designed. These modules teach students fundamental concepts and skills about SAN architecture, configuration and operation. The article provides brief descriptions of the modules. Then, the configuration schema of the practice platform used to support the SAN lab is explained. This configuration schema is designed for the cohabitation of multiple hypervisors (required to support the SAN lab activities) and a client operating system in the same physical computer. Thus, the SAN lab can be taught in a general purpose computer laboratory and coexist with other courses in the same physical lab. The proposed approach has been successfully implemented and verified by teaching the SAN lab in the context of an information technology degree in 2013 and 2014. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:715–723, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21644
A phase I clinical trial of bavituximab and paclitaxel in patients with HER2 negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Chalasani Pavani , Marron Marilyn , Roe Denise , Clarke Kathryn , Iannone Maria , Livingston Robert B. , Shan Joseph S. , Stopeck Alison T. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBavituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that targets phosphatidylserine (PS). PS is externalized on cells in the tumor microenvironment when exposed to hypoxia and/or other physiological stressors. On attaching to PS, bavituximab is thought to promote antitumor immunity through its effects on PS receptors in monocytes, and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells, as well as trigger antitumor effects by inducing an antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity on tumor‐associated endothelial cells. We conducted a phase I clinical trial of bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel in patients with HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer. Patients were treated with weekly paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 for 3/4 weeks) and weekly bavituximab (3 mg/kg for 4/4 weeks). Correlative studies included the measurement of circulating microparticles, endothelial cells, and apoptotic tumor cells by flow cytometry. Fourteen patients with metastatic breast cancer were enrolled; all were evaluable for toxicity and 13 were evaluable for response. Treatment resulted in an overall response rate (RR) of 85% with a median progression‐free survival (PFS) of 7.3 months. Bone pain, fatigue, headache, and neutropenia were the most common adverse effects. Infusion‐related reactions were the most common adverse event related to bavituximab therapy. Correlative studies showed an increase in the PS‐expressing apoptotic circulating tumor cells in response to bavituximab, but not with paclitaxel. No changes in the number of circulating endothelial cells or apoptotic endothelial cells were observed with therapy. Platelet and monocyte‐derived microparticles decreased after initiation of bavituximab. Bavituximab in combination with paclitaxel is well tolerated for treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer with promising results observed in terms of clinical RRs and PFS. The toxicity profile of bavituximab is notable for manageable infusion‐related reactions with no evidence for increased thrombogenicity. Recent preclinical data suggest that bavituximab can also promote antitumor immune activity that should be explored in future clinical trials.
Injectable hydrogel delivery plus preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells: exploitation of SDF‐1/CXCR4 axis toward enhancing the efficacy of stem cells' homing
Authors: Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Matin Maryam M. , Heirani‐Tabasi Asieh , Mirahmadi Mahdi , Irfan‐Maqsood Muhammad , Edalatmanesh Mohmmad Amin , Shahriyari Mina , Ahmadiankia Naghmeh , Moussavi Nasser Sanjar , Bidkhori Hamid Reza , Bahrami Ahmad Reza 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinical applications of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rely on their capacity to home and engraft in the appropriate target injury tissues for the long term. However, their homing efficiency has been observed to be very poor because of the lack or modifications of homing factors SDF‐1α and CXCR4 receptors. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the homing and retention of pretreated human adipose tissue‐derived MSCs (hASCs) from three different delivery routes in response to SDF‐1α, released from chitosan‐based injectable hydrogels. After stimulation of ASCs with a hypoxia mimicking agent, the expression level and functionality of CXCR4 were analyzed by flowcytometric analysis (FACS), transwell migration assay and qPCR. Then, the homing/retention of pretreated DiI‐labeled hASCs were compared through three different in vivo delivery routes, 2 weeks after transplantation in Wistar rats. The cells were tracked histologically by fluorescent microscope and by PCR for human‐specific CXCR4 gene. Results showed CXCR4 has dynamic expression pattern and pretreatment of hASCs significantly up‐regulates CXCR4, leading to an increase in migration capacity toward 100 ng/mL SDF‐1α in vitro and homing into the subcutaneously implanted hydrogel releasing SDF‐1α in vivo. Furthermore, it seems that SDF‐1α is particularly important in the retention of ASCs, in addition to its chemoattraction role. In summary, the delivery route in which the ASCs were mixed with the hydrogel rather than systemic delivery and local injection and preconditioning undertaken to increase CXCR4 expression concomitant with SDF‐1α delivery by the injectable hydrogel, allowed for further homing/retention of ASCs. This might be a promising way to get better therapeutic outcomes in stem cell therapy.
Unusual consequence of a fetal atrial septal aneurysm
Authors: Sun Heather Y. , Fripp Raymond R. , Printz Beth F. 
Published: April 2015

Key Clinical MessageWe describe the case of a significant fetal atrial septal aneurysm causing left ventricular inflow obstruction. Serial fetal echocardiograms demonstrated potential left heart hypoplasia. The fetal cardiologist guided the perinatal team to electively deliver the infant early and modify the course of developing hypoplastic left heart.
A numerical study of fixed bed reactor modelling for steam methane reforming process
Authors: Rout Kumar R. , Jakobsen Hugo A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA numerical comparison of the pseudo‐homogeneous, conventional heterogeneous, and simplified heterogeneous reactor models is performed for the steam methane reforming process. The pseudo‐homogeneous reactor model consists of a set of partial differential equations, where the diffusional limitations are accounted for by considering the effectiveness factor. The heterogeneous model is divided into two categories: conventional and simplified heterogeneous models. In the conventional heterogeneous model, there are separate equations for the fluid phase species mass balance, the fluid inside the catalyst pores. This is type of reactor model is needed when there is a considerable amount of inter‐phase mass transfer resistance present in the process. However, in the simplified heterogeneous reactor model the mass transport phenomenon is accounted for by accounting the efficiency factors. The model is validated against literature data. Several closures for the intra‐particle mass diffusion fluxes, the Maxwell–Stefan, Wilke, dusty gas, and Wilke–Bosanquet models, have been compared on the level of the catalyst pellet and the impacts of the different particle flux closures on the reactor performance are investigated.The simulations show that the conventional heterogeneous reactor model is necessary for the SMR process, because the effectiveness factor values of different reactions of the SMR process vary along the reactor axis. The maximum deviation between the pseudo‐homogeneous and the conventional heterogeneous reactor model is less than 38 %, whereas between the conventional and simplified heterogeneous reactor models it is less than 21 %. A parametric study of the transport phenomena on the pellet level is recommended prior to any large‐scale reactor simulation to determine what the rate determining transport mechanisms are.
Flexible replica placement for optimized P2P backup on heterogeneous, unreliable machines
Authors: Skowron Piotr , Rzadca Krzysztof 
Published: April 2015

SummaryP2P architecture is a viable option for enterprise backup. In contrast to dedicated backup servers, nowadays, a standard solution, making backups directly on organization's workstations should be cheaper as existing hardware is used, more efficient as there is no single bottleneck server, and more reliable as the machines can be geographically dispersed. We present an architecture of a P2P backup system that uses pairwise replication contracts between a data owner and a replicator. In contrast to a standard P2P storage system using directly a distributed hash table (DHT), the contracts allow our system to optimize replicas' placement depending on a specific optimization strategy and so to take advantage of the heterogeneity of the machines and the network. Such optimization is particularly appealing in the context of backup: replicas can be geographically dispersed, the load sent over the network can be minimized, or the optimization goal can be to minimize the backup/restore time. However, managing the contracts, keeping them consistent and adjusting them in response to dynamically changing environment is challenging. We built a scientific prototype and ran experiments on 150 workstations in our university's computer laboratories and, separately, on 50 PlanetLab nodes. We found out that the main factor affecting the performance of the system is the availability of the machines. Yet, our main conclusion is that it is possible to build an efficient and reliable backup system on highly unavailable machines, as our computers had just 13% average availability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current laboratory practices in flow cytometry for the enumeration of CD 4+T‐lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Whitby L. , Whitby A. , Fletcher M. , Barnett D. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundCD4+ T‐lymphocyte subset enumeration is routinely used for monitoring HIV disease progression, with approximately 300,000 tests performed annually in the UK alone. Technical variables can impact upon any laboratory test and therefore the final result obtained. Here, we report the findings of a survey questionnaire issued to 1,587 clinical flow cytometry laboratories to: (a) determine if the UK NEQAS for Leucocyte Immunophenotyping (UK NEQAS LI) lymphocyte subset external quality assessment (EQA) programme was suitable for current laboratory needs and practices; and (b) assess the impact of these responses on clinical practice where CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subsets analysis is undertaken. The survey covered areas not traditionally examined by EQA such as: staffing numbers, flow cytometer age and service intervals, plus six test specific sections covering: leukaemia immunophenotyping, CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subsets analysis (reported here), CD34+ stem cell testing, low level leucocyte enumeration, minimal residual disease testing and PNH testing.ResultsThe responses revealed major methodological variations between centres undertaking CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subset analysis. Significant differences existed in basic laboratory practices such as: normal range derivation; pipetting techniques; instrument maintenance and units of reporting, all of which results in non‐adherence to international guidelines.DiscussionDespite the availability of international guidelines our survey highlighted a lack of concordance amongst laboratory techniques. Such variation could adversely impact on patient care and clinical trial data. Therefore, it is recommended centres undertaking flow cytometric CD4+ T‐lymphocyte subsets analysis urgently review their methodologies and normal ranges to ensure they are fit for purpose and meet current international guidelines. © 2015 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Anionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Gold(I) as Precatalysts for Silver‐Free Cycloisomerization of Enynes
Authors: Bastin Stéphanie , Barthes Cécile , Lugan Noël , Lavigne Guy , César Vincent 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe anionic malonate‐derived N‐heterocyclic carbene maloNHC readily and efficiently reacts with AuCl(tht) to generate the corresponding anionic gold(I) complexes of type [(maloNHC)AuCl](M). A stoichiometric reaction of these complexes with triphenylphosphine affords the zwitterionic complex [(maloNHC)Au(PPh3)]. Although totally insoluble in the reaction medium, the [(maloNHC)AuCl](M) salts were shown to be suitable precatalysts for the cycloisomerization of 1,6‐enynes through the in situ generation of soluble zwitterionic catalytic species of the type [(maloNHC)Au].
Comparative evaluation of structured oil systems: Shellac oleogel, HPMC oleogel, and HIPE gel
Authors: Patel Ashok R. , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: April 2015

In lipid‐based food products, fat crystals are used as building blocks for creating a crystalline network that can trap liquid oil into a 3D gel‐like structure which in turn is responsible for the desirable mouth feel and texture properties of the food products. However, the recent ban on the use of trans‐fat in the US, coupled with the increasing concerns about the negative health effects of saturated fat consumption, has resulted in an increased interest in the area of identifying alternative ways of structuring edible oils using non‐fat‐based building blocks. In this paper, we give a brief account of three alternative approaches where oil structuring was carried out using wax crystals (shellac), polymer strands (hydrophilic cellulose derivative), and emulsion droplets as structurants. These building blocks resulted in three different types of oleogels that showed distinct rheological properties and temperature functionalities. The three approaches are compared in terms of the preparation process (ease of processing), properties of the formed systems (microstructure, rheological gel strength, temperature response, effect of water incorporation, and thixotropic recovery), functionality, and associated limitations of the structured systems. The comparative evaluation is made such that the new researchers starting their work in the area of oil structuring can use this discussion as a general guideline.Practical applications: Various aspects of oil binding for three different building blocks were studied in this work. The practical significance of this study includes (i) information on the preparation process and the concentrations of structuring agents required for efficient gelation and (ii) information on the behavior of oleogels to temperature, applied shear, and presence of water. This information can be very useful for selecting the type of structuring agents keeping the final applications in mind. For detailed information on the actual edible applications (bakery, chocolate, and spreads) which are based on the oleogel systems described in this manuscript, the readers are advised to refer our recent papers published elsewhere. (Food & Function 2014, 5, 645–652 and Food & Function 2014, 5, 2833–2841).Photographs and comparative rheological evaluation of shellac oleogel, HPMC oleogel, and HIPE gel.
Pilot Study Comparing Multi‐family Therapy to Single Family Therapy for Adults with Anorexia Nervosa in an Intensive Eating Disorder Program
Authors: Dimitropoulos Gina , Farquhar Jamie C. , Freeman Victoria Emily , Colton Patricia Anne , Olmsted Marion Patricia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMulti‐family therapy (MFT) has yet to be evaluated in families of adults with anorexia nervosa (AN). The study aims were: (i) assess the feasibility of MFT for AN; and, (ii) assess whether MFT is associated with improved outcomes for families compared with single‐family therapy (SFT). Adult patients with AN consecutively referred to an eating disorder treatment program were assigned (non‐randomly) to receive eight sessions of SFT or MFT. Assessment occurred pre‐therapy, immediately post‐therapy, and at 3‐month follow‐up. A total of 37 female patients (13 SFT, 24 MFT) and 45 family members (16 SFT, 29 MFT) completed treatment. There were significant time effects for patients' BMI, eating disorder‐related psychopathology and multiple family outcome measures. There were no differences between MFT and SFT on family outcome measures at end of treatment and 3 months post treatment. MFT is a feasible intervention that can be used in adult intensive treatment for those with AN. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics discretization for the modelling of free surface flows and rigid body dynamics
Authors: Canelas Ricardo B. , Domínguez Jose M. , Crespo Alejandro J.C. , Gómez‐Gesteira Moncho , Ferreira Rui M.L. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis work describes a unified discretization of rigid solids and fluids, allowing for spatially detailed and time‐resolved simulations of fluid–solid interaction. The model is based on a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations and Newton's equations for rigid body dynamics. A δ‐SPH term is added to the continuity equation, allowing for an effective interface description. The benchmark case of the buoyancy‐driven motion of an unrestricted rigid body allows for experimenting new computational approaches for the more general case of fluid–solid interactions, in the case of solid objects larger than the smallest flow scales. Numerical experiments and analytical solutions are recovered from the literature and compared with the numerical results from the proposed model. Experimental measurements were performed and numerical results are compared, resulting in a wide range study of the fundamental properties of fluid–solid systems. After an investigation on the influence of the stabilizing δ‐SPH terms, the model is shown to respect free stream consistency, the correct dynamics of a buoyant body, for a range of positive and negative relative densities and the correct recovery of equilibrium states. This work addresses these topics in an attempt to characterise the presented model with regard to the quality of its solutions and possible limitations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missing data in spatiotemporal datasets: the UK rainfall chemistry network
Authors: Cape J. N. , Smith R. I. , Leaver D. 
Published: April 2015

Rainfall chemistry networks inevitably report some missing data, caused by contamination or loss of samples. However, there are no universally accepted rules about how such data, particularly from samples contaminated in the field, are identified and reported, leading to uncertainties in data usage by third parties, and possible incorrect inferences based on the reported data. This paper describes how the UK rainfall chemistry network data have been analysed for contamination, and how missing values can be estimated based on cross‐correlations in time and space, using data from 20 sites over 26 years. The final flagged dataset is available through the CEH Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC). Erroneous data values are identified through consideration of ion balance (internal consistency), and evidence of contamination by birds or windblown dust based on the reported chemical analysis. Overall data capture with the erroneous data excluded and no replacement of missing data was 86%, but with much smaller data capture at some sites in some years, to <30% in some cases. The use of estimated data to replace missing values resulted in an increase in overall data capture to 96%, with only one site having data capture <70% in an individual year, and all sites achieving a data capture of 88% or more over the full period. The implications of using the reported ‘official’ annual data, as opposed to the dataset with missing values replaced by estimates, are illustrated by consideration of the temporal trend in nitrate at one site, which shows twice the value in the ‘official’ reported annual data compared with the ‘estimated’ data, part of a consistent pattern across all sites. Use of the uncorrected ‘raw’ sample data leads to large errors.
Measurement of retromolar space dimensions using dental pantomograms for intubation feasibility
Authors: Truong Angela T. , Ahmad Bader , Cata Juan P. , Martin Jack W. , Truong Dam‐Thuy , Rahlfs Thomas F. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to measure the dimensions of the retromolar space of a patient population. If the dimensions were found to exceed the outside diameters of commonly used tracheal tubes, the results could increase use of the retromolar approach for oral intubation in patients with trismus.MethodsWe reviewed 311 dental pantomograms. Retromolar space height was measured from the lowest point of the maxillary tuberosity to the mandibular alveolar ridge. Width was measured from the last mandibular molar to the junction of the anterior border of the ramus with the body of the mandible.ResultsMean height and width were 17.87 mm and 17.48 mm for the right space and 18.07 mm and 16.51 mm for the left.ConclusionThese dimensions were usually larger than the outside diameters of commonly used tracheal tubes. The retromolar approach can be considered an option for flexible fiberoptic intubation in patients with trismus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E638–E642, 2016