bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of tools for predicting severe adverse events following patient discharge from intensive care units
Authors: Hosein F Shaun , Bobrovitz Niklas , Berthelot Simon , Zygun David , Ghali William A , Stelfox Henry T 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The discharge of patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) to a hospital ward is a common transition of care that is associated with error and adverse events. Risk stratification tools may help identify high-risk patients for targeted interventions, but it is unclear if proper tools have been developed.

Methods
We searched Ovid EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, PUBMED and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from the earliest available date through March 2013, plus reference lists and citations of all studies included in the systematic review. Cohort studies were selected that described the derivation, validation or clinical impact of tools for predicting medical emergency team activation, ICU readmission or mortality following patient discharge from the ICU. Data were extracted on the study design, setting, population, sample size, tool (components, measurement properties) and outcomes.

Results
The literature search identified 9,926 citations, of which eight studies describing eight tools met the inclusion criteria. Reported outcomes included ICU readmission (n = 4 studies), hospital mortality (n = 3 studies) and both ICU readmission and hospital mortality (n = 1 studies). Seven of the tools were comprised of distinct measurable component variables, while one tool used subjective scoring of patient risk by intensive care physicians. The areas under receiver operator curves were reported for all studies and ranged from 0.66 to 0.92. A single study provided a direct comparative analysis between two tools. We did not find any studies evaluating the impact of risk prediction on processes and outcomes of care.

Conclusions
Eight risk stratification tools for predicting severe adverse events following patient discharge from ICU have been developed, but have undergone limited comparative evaluation. Although risk stratification tools may help clinician decision-making, further evaluation of the existing tools' effects on care is required prior to clinical implementation.
Interactions between the volume effects of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 and Ringer´s acetate
Authors: Hahn Robert G , Bergek Christian , Gebäck Tobias , Zdolsek Joachim 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The turnover of Ringer´s solutions is greatly dependent on the physiological situation, such as the presence of dehydration or anaesthesia. The present study evaluates whether the kinetics is affected by previous infusion of colloid fluid.

Methods
Ten male volunteers with a mean age of 22 years underwent three infusion experiments, on separate days and in random order. The experiments included 10 mL/kg of 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 (Voluven™), 20 mL/kg of Ringer's acetate, and a combination of both, where Ringer´s was administered 75 minutes after the starch infusion ended. The kinetics of the volume expansion was analysed by non-linear least- squares regression, based on urinary excretion and serial measurement of blood haemoglobin concentration for up to 420 minutes.

Results
The mean volume of distribution of the starch was 3.12 L which agreed well with the plasma volume (3.14 L) estimated by anthropometry. The volume expansion following the infusion of starch showed monoexponential elimination kinetics with a half-life of two hours. Two interaction effects were found when Ringer´s acetate was infused after the starch. First, there was a higher tendency for Ringer´s acetate to distribute to a peripheral compartment at the expense of the plasma volume expansion. The translocated amount of Ringer´s was 70% higher when HES had been infused earlier. Second, the elimination half-life of Ringer´s acetate was five times longer when administered after the starch (88 versus 497 minutes, P <0.02).

Conclusions
Starch promoted peripheral accumulation of the later infused Ringer´s acetate solution and markedly prolonged the elimination half-life.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01195025
Integrated analysis of recurrent properties of cancer genes to identify novel drivers
Authors: D'Antonio Matteo , Ciccarelli Francesca D 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe heterogeneity of cancer genomes in terms of acquired mutations complicates the identification of genes whose modification may exert a driver role in tumorigenesis. In this study, we present a novel method that integrates expression profiles, mutation effects, and systemic properties of mutated genes to identify novel cancer drivers. We applied our method to ovarian cancer samples and were able to identify putative drivers in the majority of carcinomas without mutations in known cancer genes, thus suggesting that it can be used as a complementary approach to find rare driver mutations that cannot be detected using frequency-based approaches.
Novel roles of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhou Fuling , Shen Qiang , Claret François X 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIt has become apparent that regulation of ROS is important in cell signaling and homeostasis. Accumulation of ROS triggers oxidative stress in various cell types and contributes to the development, progression, and persistence of cancer. Recent research has demonstrated that redox dysregulation caused by ROS promotes proliferation, differentiation, genomic, and epigenetic alterations; immune evasion; and survival in leukemic cells. ROS act as signaling molecules to regulate redox-sensitive transcriptional factors, enzymes, oncogenes, and other downstream effectors. Thus, a thorough understanding the role of ROS as key mediators in leukemogenesis is likely to provide opportunities for improved pharmacological intervention. In this review, we summarize the recent findings that support a role for ROS in the pathogenesis of AML and outline innovative approaches in the implementation of redox therapies for myeloid malignancies.
Adjuvant MAGE-A3 Immunotherapy in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Phase II Randomized Study Results
Authors: Vansteenkiste Johan , Zielinski Marcin , Linder Albert , Dahabreh Jubrail , Gonzalez Emilio E. , Malinowski Wojciech , Lopez-Brea Marta , Vanakesa Tonu , Jassem Jacek , Kalofonos Haralabos , Perdeus Jakub , Bonnet Reiner , Basko Jazeps , Janilionis Richard , Passlick Bernward , Treasure Tom , Gillet Marc , Lehmann Frédéric F. , Brichard Vincent G. 
Published: May 2013

Purpose The MAGE-A3 protein is expressed in approximately 35% of patients with resectable non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several immunization approaches against the MAGE-A3 antigen have shown few, but often long-lasting, clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma. Patients and Methods A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II study was performed assessing clinical activity, immunologic response, and safety following immunization with recombinant MAGE-A3 protein combined with an immunostimulant (13 doses over 27 months) in completely resected MAGE-A3–positive stage IB to II NSCLC. The primary end point was disease-free interval (DFI). Results Patients were randomly assigned to either MAGE-A3 immunotherapeutic (n = 122) or placebo (n = 60). After a median postresection period of 44 months, recurrence was observed in 35% of patients in the MAGE-A3 arm and 43% in the placebo arm. No statistically significant improvement in DFI (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75, 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.23; two-sided P = .254), disease-free survival (DFS; HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.48 to 1.21; P = .248), or overall survival (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.40; P = .454) was observed. Corresponding analysis after a median of 70 months of follow-up revealed a similar trend for DFI and DFS. All patients receiving the active treatment showed a humoral immune response to the MAGE-A3 antigen, although no correlation was observed with outcome. No significant toxicity was observed. Conclusion In this early development study with a limited number of patients, postoperative MAGE-A3 immunization proved to be feasible with minimal toxicity. These results are being investigated further in a large phase III study.
BMP-2 Differentially Modulates FGF-2 Isoform Effects in Osteoblasts From Newborn Transgenic Mice
Authors: Sabbieti Maria Giovanna , Agas Dimitrios , Marchetti Luigi , Coffin J. Douglas , Xiao Liping , Hurley Marja M. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We previously generated separate lines of transgenic mice that specifically overexpress either the Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 low-molecular-mass isoform (TgLMW) or the high-mass isoforms (TgHMW) in the osteoblast lineage. Vector/control (TgVector) mice were also made. Here we report the use of isolated calvarial osteoblasts (COBs) from those mice to investigate whether the FGF-2 protein isoforms differentially modulate bone formation in vitro. Our hypothesis states that FGF-2 isoforms specifically modulate bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) function and subsequently bone differentiation genes and their related signaling pathways. We found a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies in TgLMW COBs compared with TgVector controls. BMP-2 treatment significantly increased mineralized colonies in TgVector and TgLMW COBs. BMP-2 caused a further significant increase in mineralized colonies in TgLMW COBs compared with TgVector COBs but did not increase alkaline phosphatase-positive colonies in TgHMW COBs. Time-course studies showed that BMP-2 caused a sustained increase in phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic-1/5/8 (Smad/1/5/8), runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx-2), and osterix protein in TgLMW COBs. BMP-2 caused a sustained increase in phospho-p38 MAPK in TgVector but only a transient increase in TgLMW and TgHMW COBs. BMP-2 caused a transient increase in phospho-p44/42 MAPK in TgVector COBs and no increase in TgLMW COBs, but a sustained increase was found in TgHMW COBs. Basal expression of FGF receptor 1 protein was significantly increased in TgLMW COBs relative to TgVector COBs, and although BMP-2 caused a transient increase in FGF receptor 1 expression in TgVector COBs and TgHMW COBs, there was no further increase TgLMW COBs. Interestingly, although basal expression of FGF receptor 2 was similar in COBs from all genotypes, BMP-2 treatment caused a sustained increase in TgLMW COBs but decreased FGF receptor 2 in TgVector COBs and TgHMW COBs.
Preweaning Growth Hormone Treatment Ameliorates Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Adult Male Offspring Following Maternal Undernutrition
Authors: Reynolds C. M. , Li M. , Gray C. , Vickers M. H. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
It is well established that early-life nutritional alterations lead to increased risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in adult life. Although it is clear that obesity gives rise to chronic low-grade inflammation, there is little evidence regarding the role of inflammation in the adipose tissue of undernourished (UN) offspring. GH reduces fat mass and has antiinflammatory properties. The present study examined the effect of maternal UN on adipose inflammation in adult offspring and whether GH treatment during a critical period of developmental plasticity could ameliorate metabolic dysfunction associated with a poor start to life. Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to chow (C) or UN (50% ad libitum; UN) diet throughout gestation. Male C and UN pups received saline (control saline [CS]/UN) or GH (2.5 μg/g/d; control growth hormone [CGH]/undernourished growth hormone [UNGH]) from days 3–21. Postweaning males were further randomized and fed either chow or high-fat diet until day 160. An ex vivo glucose uptake assay demonstrated adipose tissue from UN offspring displayed attenuated insulin-stimulated glucose uptake compared with CS, CGH, and UNGH. This was associated with increased insulin receptor, glucose transporter 4, and insulin receptor substrate 1 gene expression. Furthermore, UN demonstrated enhanced TNFα and IL-1β secretion from adipose explants and stromal vascular fraction cultures accompanied by increased adipose tissue gene expression of several key proinflammatory genes and markers of macrophage infiltration. Overall, UN offspring displayed a more potent immunophenotype, which correlated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Preweaning GH treatment negates these detrimental effects, indicating the potential for reversing metabolic dysfunction in UN adult offspring.
Limits to sustained energy intake. XV. Effects of wheel running on the energy budget during lactation
Authors: Zhao Zhi-Jun , Król Elzbieta , Moille Sophie , Gamo Yuko , Speakman John R. 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYThe capacity of animals to dissipate heat may constrain sustained energy intake during lactation. We examined these constraints at peak lactation in MF1 mice that had ad libitum access to food, or that had to run a pre-set target on running wheels to obtain ad libitum access to food. The voluntary distance run decreased sharply during pregnancy and peak lactation. When lactating females were provided with 80% of their estimated food requirements, and had to run pre-set distances of 2, 4 or 6 km before given access to additional ad libitum food, most of them did not complete the running target during late lactation and the mice with the highest targets failed to reach their targets earlier in lactation. There were consequently significant group differences in asymptotic food intake (2 km, 16.97±0.40 g day−1; 4 km, 14.29±0.72 g day−1; and 6 km, 12.65±0.45 g day−1) and weaned litter masses (2 km, 71.11±2.39 g; 4 km, 54.63±4.28 g and 6 km, 47.18±2.46 g). When the females did run sufficiently to gain ad libitum food access, their intake did not differ between the different distance groups or from controls that were not required to run. Thus, despite being physically capable of running the distances, mice could not exercise sufficiently in lactation to gain regular ad libitum access to food, probably because of the risks of hyperthermia when combining heat production from exercise with thermogenesis from lactation.
Titania Surface-assisted Laser Desorption–Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Fujita Takashi , Shibamoto Kohei 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We demonstrated surface-assisted laser desorption–ionization mass spectrometry measurement of oligosaccharides on a titania surface. Insource fragmentation which had never been reported was observed. We considered that this fragmentation was caused by surface properties of titania, and this suggestion may lead to new application of SALDI-MS.
DFT Computations to Simulate the IR Spectrum of a Transient Intermediate Generated upon Laser Flash Photolysis of Triarylphosphines
Authors: Yasui Shinro , Badal Md Mizanur Rahman , Kobayashi Shinjiro , Mishima Masaaki 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The mechanism of photooxidation of triarylphosphines Ar3P under air was explored using a combination of a theoretical technique and an experimental technique. Computations based on density functional theory (DFT) were performed to simulate an IR spectrum of a possible intermediate Ar3P+OO•, the absorption bands of which are in good agreement with the bands on the transient spectrum observed by laser flash photolysis–time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (LFP-TRIR). The radical cation Ar3P•+ generated upon LFP is likely to be trapped by O2.
Wetting Dynamics of Oil-in-water Emulsions on Agar Gel Surfaces
Authors: Oyama Taro , Mayama Hiroyuki , Nonomura Yoshimune 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We have investigated the spreading process of oil-in-water emulsions containing oleic acid droplets on flat and rough fractal agar gel surfaces. Significant spreading inhibition owing to local condensation of oil droplets is observed on flat agar gel surfaces. On the other hand, such inhibition is not observed on the fractal gel surfaces for any of the emulsions. The rough structure of the gel surfaces is an important factor of spreading dynamics of emulsions on surfaces.
Termination of mid-trimester pregnancies: misoprostol versus concurrent weighted Foley catheter and misoprostol
Authors: Shabana Ayman , Salah Hesham , Kandil Mohamed , Soliman Emad , Morsi Dalia 
Published: May 2013

Objective: To investigate whether the use of a weighted trans-cervical fluid-filled Foley’s catheter would improve the effectiveness of 400µg vaginal misoprostol regimen in terminating mid-trimester pregnancies.Methods: This study was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menofyia University Hospital in Egypt. Fifty eligible primigravidae were allocated into 2 groups. Termination was carried out in group I using vaginal misoprostol while in group II, a weighted fluid-filled intra-uterine Foley’s catheter was inserted and a similar misoprostol regimen was followed as in group I.Results:The combined group showed shorter induction to termination interval (15.6 ± 4.9 versus 21.9 ± 5.4 hours; P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the occurrence of side effects between the groups.Conclusion: A combination of a weighted Foley’s catheter and 400µg of vaginal misoprostol every 4 hours is more effective than misoprostol alone in terminating mid-trimester gestations.
Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
Authors: Chelladurai Yohalakshmi , Stevens Kent A , Haut Elliott R , Brotman Daniel J , Sharma Ritu , Shermock Kenneth M , Kebede Sosena , Singh Sonal , Segal Jodi B 
Published: May 2013

Objective: There is considerable practice variation and clinical uncertainty about the choice of prophylaxis for preventing venous thromboembolism in patients with traumatic brain injury. We performed a systematic review to assess both the effectiveness and safety of pharmacologic and mechanical prophylaxis, and the optimal time to initiate pharmacologic prophylaxis in hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury.Data sources and study selection: MEDLINE®, EMBASE®, SCOPUS, CINAHL, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, clinicaltrial.gov, and the Cochrane Library were searched in July 2012 to identify randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting on the effectiveness or safety of venous thromboembolism prevention in traumatic brain injury patients.Data extraction: Paired reviewers extracted detailed information from included articles on standardized forms and assessed the risk of bias in each article.Data synthesis: Twelve studies (2 randomized controlled trials and 10 cohort studies) evaluated the effectiveness and safety of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with traumatic brain injury. Five of the included studies assessed the optimal timing of initiation of pharmacological prophylaxis. Low grade evidence supports the effectiveness of enoxaparin over control in reducing deep vein thrombosis. Low grade evidence also supports the safety of unfractionated heparin over control in reducing mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury. Evidence was insufficient for remaining comparisons and outcomes including the optimal timing of initiation of pharmacoprophylaxis.Conclusion: There is some evidence that pharmacoprophylaxis improves deep vein thromboses and mortality outcomes in patients hospitalized with traumatic brain injury. Additional studies are required to strengthen this evidence base.
Supratherapeutic International Normalized Ratio Due to Reduced Vitamin K Intake Secondary to Prolonged Vomiting in a Patient on Warfarin
Authors: Reaves Anne B , Clarke Catherine J , Tillman Emma M 
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of prolonged vomiting during warfarin therapy, leading to an elevated international normalized ratio (INR). CASE SUMMARY: A 32-year-old female with a history of cyclic vomiting syndrome since early childhood and bilateral pulmonary emboli diagnosed 4 months prior to this acute event presented to the clinic for routine monitoring of warfarin therapy. The warfarin dose had been maintained at 35 mg/wk for 3½ months (INR 2-3.5), but it was increased to 37.5 mg/wk because the INR had trended down to the low goal range over the preceding month. At presentation, the patient reported a 15-day history of vomiting with minimal oral intake that required intravenous fluids to prevent dehydration. The INR was 4.7; warfarin was withheld, and oral vitamin K 5 mg as well as subcutaneous vitamin K 10 mg was administered the following day. The INR then decreased to 1.3. Therapy was transitioned to subcutaneous enoxaparin 1 mg/kg every 12 hours for the duration of the patient's anticoagulation therapy. DISCUSSION: Multiple reports have demonstrated malabsorption of warfarin and decreased INR response in the presence of underlying gastrointestinal disease. Despite a prolonged episode of cyclic vomiting syndrome, our patient had an elevated INR. In normal circumstances, warfarin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and reaches maximum serum concentrations in approximately 90 minutes. Studies have shown that although the presence of food does not affect overall absorption of the medication, it can decrease the rate of absorption. Our patient was vomiting 20-30 minutes after oral dose administration. Because the patient was not consuming food, absorption of warfarin was potentially prompt, thus contributing to the elevated INR. The variability of vitamin K in the diet also can have significant impact on the response to warfarin. Our patient's INR had been stable while she consumed 3 servings each week of foods rich in vitamin K. This consumption was abruptly discontinued with the onset of the cyclic vomiting syndrome. We believe that decreased intake and retention of oral vitamin K–containing foods from the diet due to the prolonged vomiting coupled with the rapid onset of absorption resulted in a notably increased INR and subsequent bruising in our patient. CONCLUSIONS: In the presence of prolonged vomiting, warfarin therapy requires more frequent monitoring than usual to detect fluctuations in INR that may increase the risk of adverse events.
Development of a Composite Specimen Interface Cracking (CSIC) Test for Top-Down Cracking
Authors: Chen Yu , Tebaldi Gabriele , Roque Reynaldo , Lopp George 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Pavement top-down cracking performance not only depends on pavement layer material characteristics, but also on layer interface conditions. Interface conditions involve both the shear resistance along the interface and the cracking resistance across the interface provided by the interface bonding agents. Regarding hot-mix asphalt (HMA), currently available tests are mainly focused on pavement layer material properties. When thick polymer modified asphalt emulsion (PMAE) was applied at the interface between an open-graded friction course (OGFC) and a dense graded structural layer, a bonded interface was formed by the migration of PMAE up into the OGFC air voids. Shear strength tests, which can well characterize the adhesive film effect of interface bonding agents, cannot fully capture the effect of bonded interface on pavement cracking performance. To simulate the crack initiation and propagation process and evaluate the effect of bonded interface conditions on top-down cracking performance, a composite specimen interface cracking (CSIC) test was developed. The developed system involves repeated tensile loading and monitoring of the rate of damage development (reduction in stiffness) on composite specimens specifically designed for this purpose. Number of loading cycles to failure and damage rate results from the proposed test on three different interface conditions clearly indicate that this test method can be used to optimize bonding agents and application rates for enhanced cracking performance. This method may also provide a suitable specification test for evaluation of interface conditions on reflective cracking performance.