bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Variable Age of Onset Segregation Model for Linkage Analysis, with Correction for Ascertainment, Applied to Glioma
Authors: Sun Xiangqing , Vengoechea Jaime , Elston Robert , Chen Yanwen , Amos Christopher I. , Armstrong Georgina , Bernstein Jonine L. , Claus Elizabeth , Davis Faith , Houlston Richard S. , Il'yasova Dora , Jenkins Robert B. , Johansen Christoffer , Lai Rose , Lau Ching C. , Liu Yanhong , McCarthy Bridget J. , Olson Sara H. , Sadetzki Siegal , Schildkraut Joellen , Shete Sanjay , Yu Robert , Vick Nicholas A. , Merrell Ryan , Wrensch Margaret , Yang Ping , Melin Beatrice , Bondy Melissa L. , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. ,   on behalf of the Gliogene Consortium
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: We propose a 2-step model-based approach, with correction for ascertainment, to linkage analysis of a binary trait with variable age of onset and apply it to a set of multiplex pedigrees segregating for adult glioma.Methods: First, we fit segregation models by formulating the likelihood for a person to have a bivariate phenotype, affection status and age of onset, along with other covariates, and from these we estimate population trait allele frequencies and penetrance parameters as a function of age (N = 281 multiplex glioma pedigrees). Second, the best fitting models are used as trait models in multipoint linkage analysis (N = 74 informative multiplex glioma pedigrees). To correct for ascertainment, a prevalence constraint is used in the likelihood of the segregation models for all 281 pedigrees. Then the trait allele frequencies are reestimated for the pedigree founders of the subset of 74 pedigrees chosen for linkage analysis.Results: Using the best-fitting segregation models in model-based multipoint linkage analysis, we identified 2 separate peaks on chromosome 17; the first agreed with a region identified by Shete and colleagues who used model-free affected-only linkage analysis, but with a narrowed peak: and the second agreed with a second region they found but had a larger maximum log of the odds (LOD).Conclusions: Our approach was able to narrow the linkage peak previously published for glioma.Impact: We provide a practical solution to model-based linkage analysis for disease affection status with variable age of onset for the kinds of pedigree data often collected for linkage analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2242–51. ©2012 AACR.
Exposure to Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and DNA Damage in Taiwanese Traffic Conductors
Authors: Huang Han-Bin , Chen Guan-Wen , Wang Chien-Jen , Lin Yong-Yang , Liou Saou-Hsing , Lai Ching-Huang , Wang Shu-Li 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and heavy metals, has been associated with the etiology and prognosis of many illnesses. However, the specific causal agents and underlying mechanisms for different health outcomes remain unclear. The aims of this study were to assess the relations between urinary biomarkers of exposure to PAHs (1-hydroxypyrene-glucuronide, 1-OHPG) and heavy metals (cadmium, Cd; nickel, Ni; arsenic, As; lead, Pb; and copper, Cu) and the effect of their interaction on DNA damage (8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-guanine, 8-oxodG).Methods: We recruited 91 traffic conductors and 53 indoor office workers between May 2009 and June 2011 in Taipei, Taiwan. Postshift urine samples from 2 consecutive days were analyzed for 1-OHPG, Cd, Ni, As, Pb, Cu, and 8-oxodG. To estimate the effects from PAHs and metals on DNA damage, we constructed a linear mixed model adjusted for confounding variables.Results: We found that urinary 1-OHPG and Cd levels were independent predictors of urinary 8-oxodG levels (β = 0.112; P = 0.015 for 1-OHPG; β = 0.138; P = 0.031 for urinary Cd). The joint effect of urinary 1-OHPG and Cd levels was associated with urinary 8-oxodG levels (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Co-exposure to environmental PAHs and Cd could cause oxidative DNA damage.Impact: These findings suggest that the additive interaction between exposure to environmental PAHs and Cd could enhance the burden of oxidative stress. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 102–8. ©2012 AACR.
An Analysis of the Association Between Cancer-Related Information Seeking and Adherence to Breast Cancer Surveillance Procedures
Authors: Tan Andy S.L. , Moldovan-Johnson Mihaela , Gray Stacy W. , Hornik Robert C. , Armstrong Katrina 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer surveillance is important for women with a known history of breast cancer. However, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of adherence to surveillance procedures, including associations with seeking of cancer-related information from medical and nonmedical sources.
Methods: We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of breast cancer patients diagnosed in Pennsylvania in 2005. Our main analyses included 352 women who were eligible for surveillance and participated in both baseline (∼1 year after cancer diagnosis) and follow-up surveys. Outcomes were self-reported doctor visits and physical examination, mammography, and breast self-examination (BSE) at 1-year follow-up.
Results: Most women underwent two or more physical examinations according to recommended guidelines (85%). For mammography, 56% of women were adherent (one mammogram in a year) while 39% reported possible overuse (two or more mammograms). Approximately 60% of respondents reported regular BSE (≥5 times in a year). Controlling for potential confounders, higher levels of cancer-related information seeking from nonmedical sources at baseline was associated with regular BSE (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01–2.29; P, 0.046). There was no significant association between information-seeking behaviors from medical or nonmedical sources and surveillance with physical examination or mammography.
Conclusions: Seeking cancer-related information from nonmedical sources is associated with regular BSE, a surveillance behavior that is not consistently recommended by professional organizations.
Impact: Findings from this study will inform clinicians on the contribution of active information seeking toward breast cancer survivors' adherence to different surveillance behaviors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 167–74. ©2012 AACR.
The Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Cancer
Authors: Habel Laurel A. , Ray Gary Thomas , Silverberg Michael J. , Horberg Michael A. , Yawn Barbara P. , Castillo Adrienne L. , Quesenberry Charles P. , Li Yan , Sadier Patricia , Tran Trung N. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Given the limited literature, we conducted a study to examine the epidemiology of herpes zoster (HZ) among newly diagnosed cancer patients.
Methods: We identified adult health plan members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California diagnosed with invasive cancer from 2001 to 2005. Electronic health records with inpatient and outpatient diagnoses, laboratory tests, and antiviral medications were used to identify HZ diagnoses from 2001 to 2006. HZ diagnoses and associated complications were confirmed by medical chart review. Treatment with chemotherapy and corticosteroids was used to classify patients by immunosuppression level.
Results: Among 14,670 cancer patients, 424 were diagnosed with HZ during follow-up (median 22 months). The incidence of HZ was 31/1,000 person-year (PY) in patients with hematologic malignancies and 12/1,000 PY in patients with solid tumors. The corresponding 2-year cumulative incidence of HZ was approximately 6% and 2%, respectively. Compared with incidence rates of HZ reported in a general US population, the age- and sex-standardized rates of HZ were 4.8 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI), 4.0–5.6] in patients with hematologic malignancies and 1.9 times higher (95% CI, 1.7–2.1) in those with solid tumors. HZ risk increased with increasing level of immunosuppression. Among HZ cases, 19% with hematologic malignancies and 14% with solid tumors had HZ-associated pain for at least 30 days. The corresponding numbers for nonpain-related complications were 30% and 18%, respectively.
Conclusions: Cancer patients are at substantially increased risk of HZ and among those with HZ, complications are relatively common.
Impact: Better HZ prevention and treatment options for cancer patients are needed. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 82–90. ©2012 AACR.
Meat and Heme Iron Intake and Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aero-Digestive Tract in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Steffen Annika , Bergmann Manuela M. , Sánchez María-José , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Jakszyn Paula , Amiano Pilar , Quirós J. Ramón , Barricarte Gurrea Aurelio , Ferrari Pietro , Romieu Isabelle , Fedirko Veronika , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. B(as). , Siersema Peter D. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Allen Naomi E. , Crowe Francesca L. , Skeie Guri , Hallmanns Göran , Johansson Ingegerd , Borgquist Signe , Ericson Ulrika , Egeberg Rikke , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Grote Verena , Li Kuanrong , Trichopoulou Antonia , Oikonomidou Despoina , Pantzalis Menelaos , Tumino Rosario , Panico Salvatore , Palli Domenico , Krogh Vittorio , Naccarati Alessio , Mouw Traci , Vergnaud Anne-Claire , Norat Teresa , Boeing Heiner 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Evidence from prospective studies on intake of meat and fish and risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT) is scarce. We prospectively investigated the association of meat and fish intake with risk of SCC of the UADT and the possible mechanism via heme iron in the large multicenter European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study.
Methods: Multivariable proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) of SCC of the UADT in relation to intake of total meat, as well as subtypes of meat, fish, and heme iron among 348,738 individuals from 7 European countries.
Results: During an average follow-up of 11.8 years, a total of 682 incident cases of UADT SCC were accrued. Intake of processed meat was positively associated with risk of SCC of the UADT in the total cohort [highest vs. lowest quintile: RR = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.94], however, in stratified analyses, this association was confined to the group of current smokers (highest vs. lowest quintile: RR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.22–2.93). Red meat, poultry, fish, and heme iron were not consistently related to UADT SCC.
Conclusion: Higher intake of processed meat was positively associated with SCC of the UADT among smokers. Although this finding was stable in various sensitivity analyses, we cannot rule out residual confounding by smoking. Confirmation in future studies and identification of biologic mechanisms is warranted.
Impact: Smokers may further increase their risk for SCC of the UADT if they additionally consume large amounts of processed meat. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2138–48. ©2012 AACR.
Application of the Rosner-Colditz Risk Prediction Model to Estimate Sexual Orientation Group Disparities in Breast Cancer Risk in a U.S. Cohort of Premenopausal Women
Authors: Austin S. Bryn , Pazaris Mathew J. , Rosner Bernard , Bowen Deborah , Rich-Edwards Janet , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Lesbian and bisexual women may be at greater risk of breast cancer than heterosexual women during the premenopausal period due to disparities in risk factors.Methods: With 16 years of prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. women ages 25–58 years, we conducted a breast cancer risk assessment for 87,392 premenopausal women by applying the Rosner–Colditz biomathematical risk prediction model to estimate breast cancer risk based on known risk factors. On the basis of each woman's comprehensive risk factor profile, we calculated the predicted 1-year incidence rate (IR) per 100,000 person-years and estimated incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for lesbian and bisexual women compared with heterosexual women.Results: A total of 87,392 premenopausal women provided 1,091,871 person-years of data included in analyses. Mean predicted 1-year breast cancer IRs per 100,000 person-years for each sexual orientation group were heterosexual, 122.55; lesbian, 131.61; and bisexual, 131.72. IRs were significantly elevated in both lesbian (IRR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.06–1.06) and bisexual (IRR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.10–1.10) women compared with heterosexual women.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both lesbian and bisexual women have slightly elevated predicted breast cancer incidence compared with heterosexual women throughout the premenopausal period.Impact: Health professionals must ensure that breast cancer prevention efforts are reaching these women. As more health systems around the country collect data on patient sexual orientation, the National Cancer Institute's SEER cancer registry should add this information to its data system to monitor progress in reducing sexual orientation–related disparities in cancer incidence and mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2201–8. ©2012 AACR.
Human Papillomavirus DNA Methylation as a Potential Biomarker for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Clarke Megan A. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Mirabello Lisa , Ghosh Arpita , Wacholder Sholom , Harari Ariana , Lorincz Attila , Schiffman Mark , Burk Robert D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Sexually transmitted carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are extraordinarily prevalent worldwide. However, most incident HPV infections clear within a few years, whereas a small minority persists to invasive cancer. Recent studies indicate that detection of methylated viral DNA may distinguish women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+) from those with a carcinogenic HPV-type infection that shows no evidence of CIN2+. Several studies have reported a positive association between methylation of CpG sites in the L1 gene and CIN2+, although there are inconclusive results about methylation of CpG sites in the upstream regulatory region (URR). In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on HPV DNA methylation in cervical carcinogenesis, and discuss the merits of different methods used to measure HPV DNA methylation. To follow the promising leads, we suggest future studies to validate the use of methylated carcinogenic HPV DNA as a predictive and/or diagnostic biomarker for risk of cervical cancer among HPV-positive women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2125–37. ©2012 AACR.
Are Incidence Rates of Adult Leukemia in the United States Significantly Associated with Birth Cohort?
Authors: Rosenberg Philip S. , Wilson Katherine L. , Anderson William F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground: Leukemia is a common cancer among U.S. adults but there are few established risk factors. If leukemia risks are substantially influenced by exposures that vary in prevalence across generations, then population incidence rates should vary significantly by birth cohort. However, prior studies have not examined leukemia birth cohort effects using contemporary data and methods.Methods: We used incidence data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program from 1992 through 2009 for adults 25–84 years old and age period cohort models to estimate incidence rate ratios according to birth cohort for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL).Results: Leukemia incidence varied significantly between birth cohorts for each major leukemia type in men and women except female AMLs; changes on the order of 1% per birth year or 20% per generation were observed. The most significant birth cohort signatures were observed for CLLs and AMLs in men, which were decreasing and increasing, respectively, in cohorts born since 1946.Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that adult leukemia risks are significantly modulated by environmental and lifestyle exposures.Impact: A number of well-established (smoking, certain chemicals, radiation) and newly recognized (obesity) leukemia risk factors are modifiable; ultimately, efforts to promote healthy lifestyles might also help reduce incidence rates of adult leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2159–66. ©2012 AACR.
Calcium Intake and Lung Cancer Risk Among Female Nonsmokers: A Report from the Shanghai Women's Health Study
Authors: Takata Yumie , Shu Xiao-Ou , Yang Gong , Li Honglan , Dai Qi , Gao Jing , Cai Qiuyin , Gao Yu-Tang , Zheng Wei 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Calcium has been implicated in carcinogenesis and linked to the risk of several cancers in epidemiologic studies; however, few studies have investigated the association of calcium intake with lung cancer risk, particularly among nonsmokers.
Methods: We evaluated the association of intakes of calcium and related minerals, assessed through a food frequency questionnaire, with lung cancer risk among 71,267 female nonsmokers who were cancer free at baseline in the Shanghai Women's Health Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study. Multivariate Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: During follow-up through December 2009 (median follow-up time: 11.2 years), 428 incident lung cancer cases accrued. The median intakes of dietary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were 441, 266, and 935 mg/d, respectively. Intakes of calcium, phosphorus, and the calcium-to-magnesium (Ca:Mg) ratio were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for the highest compared with the lowest quartile were 0.66 (0.48, 0.91) for calcium, 0.55 (0.36, 0.85) for phosphorus, and 0.62 (0.47, 0.82) for the Ca:Mg ratio. No association was observed for dietary magnesium intake or the use of calcium- or vitamin D-containing supplements.
Conclusions and Impact: Our study provides some of the first evidence suggesting a possible role for increasing dietary calcium intake in lung cancer prevention among female nonsmokers, especially in populations with relatively low calcium intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(1); 50–7. ©2012 AACR.
Catenin Family Genes Are Not Commonly Mutated in Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer
Authors: Schuetz Johanna M. , Leach Stephen , Kaurah Pardeep , Jeyes Jennifer , Butterfield Yaron , Huntsman David , Brooks-Wilson Angela R. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Background: Approximately one third of the hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) families carry germline mutations in the E-cadherin gene (CDH1). Risk prediction in members of families with this rare but deadly cancer could be improved by the identification of additional HDGC genes in non-CDH1 families.
Methods: Affected individuals from 22 CDH1 mutation-negative families were screened for germline mutations in four catenin genes: CTNNA1, CTNNB1, JUP, and CTNND1. Catenins interact closely with E-cadherin molecules in cells, and are therefore logical candidate genes for mutation screening in HDGC families.
Results: No nonsynonymous variants were seen in CTNNA1, CTNNB1, or CTNND1; only JUP contained nonsynonymous variants, of which only two rare variants were predicted to be deleterious.
Conclusion: Catenin genes are not commonly mutated in non-CDH1 HDGC families.
Impact: Germline mutations in CTNNA1, CTNNB1, JUP, or CTNND1 are unlikely to play a major role in HDGC. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(12); 2272–4. ©2012 AACR.
Mapping of Three Genetic Determinants of Susceptibility to Estrogen-Induced Mammary Cancer within the Emca8 Locus on Rat Chromosome 5
Authors: Schaffer Beverly S. , Leland-Wavrin Kristin M. , Kurz Scott G. , Colletti John A. , Seiler Nicole L. , Warren Christopher L. , Shull James D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The ACI rat model of 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced mammary cancer has gained wide use in the study of breast cancer etiology, prevention, and genetics. Emca8, a QTL that determines susceptibility to E2-induced mammary cancer, was previously mapped to rat chromosome 5 (RNO5) in an intercross between resistant Brown Norway (BN) and susceptible ACI rats. In this study, a panel of congenic rat strains, each of which carries BN alleles across a defined segment of RNO5 on the ACI genetic background, was generated and used to map more precisely the Emca8 determinants of mammary cancer susceptibility. Three distinct genetic determinants were localized within Emca8, and two of these were mapped to intervals of less than 15 megabases. Emca8.1 harbors Cdkn2a, Cdkn2b, and other genes and is orthologous to the 9p21 breast cancer locus identified in genome-wide and candidate gene association studies. Emca8.2 harbors Cdkn2c and other genes and is orthologous to the 1p32 locus in humans that is frequently deleted in breast cancers. Both Emca8.1 and Emca8.2 harbor copy number variants that are orthologous to copy number variant regions in humans. Gene expression profiles were defined for mammary tissues from E2-treated ACI and ACI.BN-Emca8 rats to define the impact of Emca8 on gene expression and identify differentially expressed genes residing within Emca8.1 and Emca8.2. This study further illustrates the relevance of the ACI rat model of E2-induced mammary cancer for identifying novel genetic determinants of breast cancer susceptibility and defining the mechanisms through which estrogens contribute to breast cancer development. Cancer Prev Res; 6(1); 59–69. ©2012 AACR.
Enhanced binding of tissue factor-microparticles to collagen-IV and fibronectin leads to increased tissue factor activity in vitro
Authors: Mei Mah Pui , Xiao Yu Pei , Maraveyas Anthony , Ettelaie Camille , Collier Mary E. W. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe role of tissue factor (TF)-containing microparticles in clot propagation has been established, but the ability of circulating microparticles to initiate coagulation has been disputed. However, TF-bearing microparticles, particularly endothelial-microparticles generated during disease, may interact with extracellular matrices which in turn can localise circulating TF to sites of injury. In order to examine this hypothesis in vitro, microparticles were isolated from human coronary artery endothelial cells transfected to overexpress TF, tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)α-treated cells or non-transfected cells lacking TF. The ability of microparticles to bind collagen-IV, fibronectin and fibrin was examined under static conditions and arterial shear rates (650 s-1), and also in the presence of inhibitory antibodies against β1-, β3-, α3-and αv-integrins or an anti-TF antibody. TF-microparticles showed increases of up to 43% and 24% in adherence to collagen-IV and fibronectin, respectively, compared to control microparticles under shear flow. Furthermore, TF-containing microparticles, but not the transfected parent cells had increased levels of β1-integrin compared to TF-deficient microparticles. Pre-incubation of microparticles with a β1-integrin-blocking antibody counteracted the additional adhesion of TFmicroparticles compared to control microparticles. Finally, adherence of TF microparticles to collagen-IV or fibronectin resulted in increased TF activity by concentrating TF onto the surface. In conclusion, the presence of TF within microparticles enhances the interactions of endothelial cell-derived microparticles with extracellular matrices in an integrin-dependent manner. Accumulation and localisation of these microparticles in turn results in the enhancement of TF activity. This may be an innate mechanism by which TF-bearing microparticles induce coagulation upon vascular injury.