bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Transoesophageal Ultrasound to Visualise the Aortopulmonary Region in two Normal Friesian Horses and Three Friesians with Aortic Rupture or Aortopulmonary Fistulation
Authors: de Bruijn M. , van Loon G. , Ploeg M. , Gröne A. , De Clercq D. , Decloedt A. , van Weeren R. , Back W. , Delesalle C. 
Published: September 2013

AimsAortic rupture and aortopulmonary fistulation are reported with increased incidence in the Friesian breed. In contrast to Warmblood horses, the aorta in Friesian horses typically ruptures at the level of the ligamentum arteriosum (Ploeg et al. ). This remote location often creates difficulties in identifying the rupture with transthoracic ultrasound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of transoesophageal visualisation of the aortopulmonary region with a linear probe in both standing unsedated horses and horses suffering from aortic rupture.MethodsFive Friesian horses, 2 healthy and 3 affected, were subjected to transthoracic ultrasound (2.5 MHz sectorial probe GE) followed by transoesophageal ultrasound (7.5 or 10 MHz linear probe). Correct oesophageal introduction of the probe was guided by means of endoscopy. After visualisation of the aortopulmonary region, horses were anaesthetised, and the transoesophageal ultrasound was repeated. In 4 horses, simultaneous carotid artery catheterisation was performed, to visualise the catheter at the zone of interest. After obtaining a diagnosis, all affected horses were subjected to euthanasia and autopsies were performed.ResultsThe aortopulmonary region could be visualised in all horses. In the affected horses presence or absence of a periaortic blood cuff, aortic rupture and or aortopulmonary fistulation could be clearly identified. In one horse during carotid catheterisation, the catheter could be guided into the fistulation site, which was clearly visualised by means of transoesophageal ultrasound.Conclusions and practical significanceTransoesophageal ultrasound by means of a 7.5 or 10 MHz linear probe allows for good visualisation of the aortopulmonary region and for diagnosing aortic rupture in Friesian horses. The technique will be further developed as an elegant noninvasive way to screen Friesian horses for this pathology, even in the standing nonsedated horse.Ethical animal researchOwner informed consent was obtained for all horses. Sources of funding: This study was funded by the Dutch Royal Friesian Studbook and Scil Animal Care. Competing interests: None.
OSWALD VON WOLKENSTEIN'S MULTILINGUAL SONGS IN EUROPEAN CONTEXT: THEORY AND PRACTICE*
Authors: Murray David 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThis article considers Oswald von Wolkenstein's two multilingual songs, ‘Do fraig Amors’ and ‘Bog dep’mi was tustu da’, in the light of a longer European tradition of polyglossia in which poets contemplated the pan‐European nature of lyrical culture. Comparison is drawn with the thirteenth‐century poets Raimbaut de Vaqueiras and Dante, whose important activity in multilingual poetry clearly foreshadows Oswald's intellectual engagement with the specificity of individual languages and their applicability to writing courtly love lyric. Close examination of Oswald's manuscript transmission, however, shows a clearer awareness of the practical concerns affecting polyglot lyric – principally incomprehension and scribes deforming ‘foreign’ languages. The Austrian poet emerges as a thoughtful and sometimes ludic participant in a European intellectual preoccupation, whose contribution outstrips earlier and more acclaimed Romance actors.
Gastric and Enterohepatic Non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters
Authors: Flahou Bram , Haesebrouck Freddy , Smet Annemieke , Yonezawa Hideo , Osaki Takako , Kamiya Shigeru 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA substantial number of reports published in the last year have contributed to a better understanding of both human and animal infection with non‐Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species (NHPH). Gastric infection of humans with Helicobacter suis and Helicobacter felis as well as unidentified NHPH has been described to cause a chronic gastritis and a variety of clinical symptoms, whereas enterohepatic NHPH, including Helicobacter cinaedi, Helicobacter bilis, and Helicobacter canis, have been reported to be associated with human diseases such as bacteremia, cellulitis, cutaneous diseases, and fever of unknown origin in immunocompromised hosts. In various animal species, including dogs and laboratory mice, high rates of infection with NHPH were described. For gastric NHPH, mainly H. suis and H. felis infection was studied, revealing that differences in the immune response evoked in the host do exist when compared to Helicobacter pylori. Pathogenic mechanisms of infection with Helicobacter pullorum, H. bilis, and Helicobacter hepaticus were investigated, as well as immune responses involved in H. bilis‐, Helicobacter typhlonius‐, and H. hepaticus‐induced intestinal inflammation. Complete genome sequences of Helicobacter heilmannii strain ASB1 and a H. cinaedi strain isolated in a case of human bacteremia were published, as well as comparative genomics of a human‐derived Helicobacter bizzozeronii strain and proteome or secretome analyses for H. hepaticus and Helicobacter trogontum, respectively. Molecular analysis has revealed a function for type VI secretion systems of H. hepaticus and H. pullorum, the Helicobacter mustelae iron urease, and several other functional components of NHPH. In each section of this chapter, new findings on gastric NHPH will first be discussed, followed by those on enterohepatic Helicobacter species.
Comparative evaluation of galactomannan optical density indices and culture results in bronchoscopic specimens obtained from neutropenic and non‐neutropenic patients
Authors: Ağca Harun , Ener Beyza , Yılmaz Emel , Ursavaş Ahmet , Kazak Esra , Özkocaman Vildan , Çetinoğlu Ezgi Demirdöğen , Dilektaşlı Aslı Görek , Akalın Halis , Özkalemkaş Fahir , Ali Rıdvan 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAspergillus infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. This study was designed to investigate the galactomannan assay optical density (OD) indices relative to the culture results in bronchoscopic samples obtained from neutropenic and non‐neutropenic patients. Galactomannan OD indices from 1427 samples from 2005 to 2012, which were sent from 839 patients and were composed of bronchial lavage (BL = 727) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL = 700), were retrospectively analysed. The recovery rates of Aspergillus species from these specimens were 9.4% from the combined patient group and 13.3% from the neutropenic group. Aspergillus fumigatus complex was the most frequently isolated species. The mean and median OD indices of the positive and negative culture samples are approximately 5 and 1, respectively, and 91% of all culture‐positive samples have ≥1 OD index value. The receiver‐operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that the feasibility of the Aspergillus galactomannan assay and Aspergillus galactomannan test has superior accuracy in BAL compared to BL fluids, and the test is not affected by the immune status of the patient. We suggest that the Aspergillus galactomannan test, which uses bronchoscopic material, leads to an earlier diagnosis and if the OD index is found ≥1, fungal growth can be expected.
Innovative strategies targeting obesity and non‐communicable diseases in South Africa: what can we learn from the private healthcare sector?
Authors: Lambert E. V. , Kolbe‐Alexander T. L. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryOver 50% of South African adult women and 30% of adult men are either overweight or obese, and nearly half of all adults are insufficiently active, with major increases in obesity‐associated healthcare expenditures since 1980, a high proportion of which are paid by private health insurance. In this paper, we describe the Vitality programme, an incentivized health promotion programme from South Africa's largest private health insurer, Discovery Health, with over 2.5 million beneficiaries. Wellness activities of the programme include health risk assessments, subsidized gym memberships and smoking cessation or weight loss programmes with many incentives, including cash back on purchases of healthy foods. This incentive‐based programme has shown a significant relationship between levels of engagement in wellness activities, in particular increasing participation in fitness‐related activities, with lower healthcare expenditure and an increase in the overall ratio of healthy foods to total food purchases. This programme demonstrates that incentives may reduce the barriers for entry into care, increase preventive screening and increase engagement in healthy behaviours for prevention and management of obesity. This ‘carrots versus sticks’ approach may have implications for public health policy even in lower‐ and middle‐income settings and underserved communities.
A Study of Fatigue-Life Estimation and Reliability Analysis for Dental Implants
Authors: Tsai Yuo-Tern , Lu Y. K. , Hsu Y. Y. , Lu J. B. 
Published: September 2013

Recently, dental implants (DIs) are extensively utilized on edentulous patients. The bio-compatibility & physical properties of DIs are severely specified since it belongs to the products of biomedicine. Generally, DIs must pass a series of tests before they are approved to use in human body. In this paper, a method of probabilistic fatigue-life estimation was proposed to fulfill reliability life prediction of DIs. The probabilistic form of fatigue-life evaluation is developed based on material constants namely fatigue strength coefficient and fatigue strength exponent. The procedure is developed based on the shift of the fatigue-life curve to the desired value of the probability of occurrence. This estimation model yields the life distribution in respect of the scatter of the cyclic properties of DIs.
The CAD models of DIs are first constructed to perform computer simulation analysis for establishing the fracture spots. The stress analysis and life estimation were carried out by ANSYS software. The simulation results are further compared with the experimental data obtained by fatigue testing to determine the estimated model of fatigue life. The parameters of the model were determined by linear regression method based on the combination of the simulated and experimental data. The reliabilities of DIs were further investigated to provide an index of life-safety of DI at different cyclic loads. The analyzed results may be useful while programming the fatigue testing of DIs.
Hybrid Manufacturing System Modeling and Development
Authors: Nagel Jacquelyn K. S. , Liou Frank W. 
Published: September 2013

Reliable and economical fabrication of metallic parts with complicated geometries is of considerable interest for the aerospace, medical, automotive, tooling and consumer products industries. In an effort to shorten the time-to-market, decrease the manufacturing process chain, and cut production costs of products produced by these industries, research has focused on the integration of multiple unit manufacturing processes into one machine. The end goal is to reduce production space, time, and manpower requirements.
Our research into hybrid manufacturing systems has lead to the integration of additive and subtractive processes within a single machine footprint such that both processes are leveraged during fabrication. The laser aided manufacturing process (LAMP) system provides a rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing infrastructure for research and education. The LAMP system creates fully dense, metallic parts and provides all the advantages of commercial laser metal deposition (LMD) systems. This hybrid system is a very competitive and economical approach to fabricating metallic structures. Hybrid manufacturing systems facilitate a sustainable and intelligent production model and offer flexibility of infrastructure to adapt with emergent technology, customization, and changing market needs.
This paper summarizes the salient research activities and the findings of those activities related to the modeling and development of the hybrid manufacturing system. Our qualitative and quantitative modeling efforts, as well as the resultant system architecture are described.
The approach and strategies utilized in this research coalesce to facilitate an interdisciplinary approach to the development a hybrid manufacturing system to produce metal parts that are not only functional but also processed to the final desired surface-finished and tolerance. Furthermore, the approach to hybrid system modeling and development can assist in general with integrated manufacturing systems.
Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Linear Regression Analysis to Determine Significant Design Characteristics
Authors: DeVierno Ashley , Thorn Brian , Carrano Andres L. 
Published: September 2013

For designers it is difficult to pin-point the design characteristics that could be changed to reduce the environmental impact of their products. This paper describes a method for determining the design characteristics that have a significant relationship with environmental impact that arises at product end-of-life.
In this method, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) are combined. LCA is used to quantify the environmental impact of products from the extraction of their raw materials to their disposal. LRA is used to determine the design characteristics that have the most significant relationship with environmental impact.
Combining LCA and LRA gives the designer the ability to (1) establish a relationship between design characteristics and their environmental impact, (2) determine the most significant design characteristics that influence environmental impact, and (3) validate design changes with their influence on product environmental impact.
In the case study described here, the design characteristic, Volume, is shown to have significant relationship with the end-of-life environmental impact of cellular phones. This trend is consistent with the results of the one-phase end-of-life disposition assessments that evaluated disassembled cellular phones.
With the results of this method, designers can focus their sustainable design efforts on modifying and improving the design characteristics that have the strongest relationship with environmental impact.
Large-Scale Modal Analysis on Multi-Core Architectures
Authors: Suresh Krishnan , Yadav Praveen 
Published: September 2013

We propose here a subspace augmented Rayleigh-Ritz conjugate gradient method (SaRCG) for solving large-scale eigen-value problems. The method is highly scalable and well suited for multi-core architectures since it only requires sparse matrix-vector multiplications (SpMV).
As a specific application, we consider the modal analysis of geometrically complex structures that are discretized via non-conforming voxels. The voxelization process is robust and relatively insensitive to geometric complexity, but it leads to large eigen-value problems, that are difficult to solve via standard eigen-solvers such as block-Lanczos.
Such problems are easily solved via the proposed SaRCG, where one can, in addition, exploit the voxelization structure to render the SpMV assembly-free. As the numerical experiments indicate, the resulting implementation on multi-core CPUs, and graphics-programmable-units is a practical solution to automated eigen-value estimation during early stages of design.
Magnitude of Axle Tramp Response to Partially Detreaded Tire Imbalance in Highway-Speed Driving
Authors: Semones Paul T. , Renfroe David A. 
Published: September 2013

Tire tread separations on light trucks and SUVs have resulted in numerous catastrophic highway accidents over the past two decades in the United States. These accidents frequently involve single-vehicle rollovers or deviations of the impaired vehicle into oncoming traffic, where high speed frontal collisions may ensue.
On light trucks and SUVs equipped with a Hotchkiss rear suspension, one explanation for the loss of driver control during an in-process rear tire tread separation is solid axle tramp response to the imbalanced separating tire. This explanation has met with some controversy. The present study will demonstrate that the imbalance forces generated at highway speeds from a partially detreaded tire are sufficient to induce continuous cyclical axle tramp, and can even be sufficient to completely elevate rear-axle tires out of contact with the paved roadway. This imbalance-induced tramping action may be exacerbated during braking and the vehicle’s terminal yaw, when rear traction is crucial to avoiding a catastrophic accident. In addition to test data, several field examples of such events are presented.
A key metric of solid axle response to an imbalanced, partially detreaded tire is shock absorber motion. In the present study, shock absorber displacement on the test vehicles, as measured during highway speed tread separation axle tramp events, is found to oscillate through a stroke generally less than one inch (2.5 cm) in length at a frequency in excess of 10 Hz. Peak instantaneous velocities of the shock absorber have been observed as high as 40 in/s (16 cm/s) or more during straight driving under axle tramp conditions.
Confirming several previously published findings, the present study shows that increasing shock damping force at the higher operational velocities of the shock absorber reduces the magnitude of axle tramp and assists in keeping the rear axle tires in contact with the ground. Additionally, increasing the distance between the shock absorbers by moving them closer to the wheels provides the same advantage.
Unsteady Aerodynamic Modeling and Flutter Analysis of Long-Span Suspension Bridges
Authors: Arena Andrea , Lacarbonara Walter , Marzocca Pier 
Published: September 2013

A parametric one-dimensional model of suspension bridges is employed to investigate their static and dynamic aeroelastic behavior in response to a gust load and at the onset of flutter. The equilibrium equations are obtained via a direct total Lagrangian formulation where the kinematics for the deck, assumed to be linear, feature the vertical and the chord-wise displacements of the deck mean axis and the torsional rotations of the deck cross sections, while preserving their shape during rotation. The cables elasto-geometric stiffness contribution is obtained by condensing the equilibrium in the longitudinal direction assuming small horizontal displacements and neglecting the cable kinematics along the bridge chord-wise direction. The equations of motion are linearized about the prestressed static aeroelastic configuration and are obtained via an updated Lagrangian formulation.
The equations of motion governing the structural dynamics of the bridge are coupled with the incompressible unsteady aero-dynamic model obtained by a set of reduced-order indicial functions developed for the cross section of a suspension bridge, here represented by a rectangular cross-section. The space dependence of the governing equations is treated using the Galerkin approach borrowing as set of trial functions, the eigenbasis of the modal space. The time integration is subsequently performed by using a numerical scheme that includes the modal reduced dynamic aeroelastic Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) and the added aerodynamic states also represented in ODE form, the latter being associated with the lag-state formulation pertinent to the unsteady wind-induced loads.
The model is suitable to analyze the effect of a time and space non uniform gust load distributed on the bridge span. The obtained aeroelastic system is also suitable to study the onset of flutter and to investigate the sensitivity of the flutter condition on geometrical and aerodynamic parameters. The flutter instability is evaluated using appropriate frequency and time domain characteristics. The parametric continuum model is exploited to perform dynamic aeroelastic flutter analysis and gust response of the Runyang Suspension Bridge over the Yangtze river in China.
Pneumatic Miniature Robot for Laparoendoscopic Single Incision Surgery
Authors: Pourghodrat Abolfazl , Nelson Carl A. , Midday Jeff 
Published: September 2013

The transition from open surgery to Laparoendoscopic Single-Site (LESS) surgery to minimize cost and recovery time and improve cosmetic scarring has introduced complexities such as reduced dexterity, restricted workspace, and unintuitive controls. Surgical robotic systems can come into play to address these complexities. The most recent miniature in vivo robots have demonstrated the capability of performing LESS surgery. Since size has been a key driving force for designing these motor-driven robotic platforms, delivering adequate force and torque to perform the surgical tasks has been a primary challenge for improving these robots.
This paper presents a robotic platform actuated primarily by pneumatics, offering the following advantages over motor-driven systems: higher joint torque and tool actuation force, faster actuation, better biocompatibility, better overall robustness, and lower cost. Initially one representative robot joint has been fabricated, to demonstrate the proof of concept and investigate the feasibility of angular position control of the pneumatic joint by deploying a minimal number of electronic components and two low-cost solenoid valves in place of costly fast solenoid valves or expensive servo valves.
The robot design, pneumatic system, implementation of PID and PWM controls, and experimental results are presented.
Mixed-Dimensional Model Analysis Under Dimension Reduction Error Control
Authors: Tang Jianguo , Gao Shuming , Li Ming , Qin Feiwei 
Published: September 2013

In order to conduct engineering analysis efficiently, complex CAD model is generally idealized by dimension reduction of its local thin regions into mid-surfaces, which results in a mixed-dimensional model. However, such dimension reduction inevitably induces analysis errors when plate or shell theory applied to the mixed-dimensional model.
In this paper, an evaluation indicator is proposed for estimating analysis error induced by dimension reduction of a original model into mixed-dimensional model and used to control the analysis results of the mixed-dimensional model with given accuracy. The evaluation indicator is defined as the stress difference on the coupling interface between the mixed-dimensional model and the original model. When the mixed-dimensional model is analyzed, p-version solid elements were generated by offsetting the shell nodes in the thickness direction. Moreover, element stiffness matrix, boundary conditions and material properties can be extracted from the analysis results and reused for the indicator computation. Displacements of the mixed-dimensional model are input as initial value to iterative solver to accelerate the computation. When the indicator is below the accuracy, final analysis can be proceeded with p-adaptivity in the thin regions. The hierarchical shape function for p-version solid elements ensures the efficiency of the error estimation and the reliability of the final analysis. The robustness of the evaluation indicator and computational efficiency for final analysis are illustrated by experiments on engineering models.