bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Hospice and Palliative Care Physicians Regarding Palliative Sedation Practices
Authors: Lux Michael R. , Protus Bridget McCrate , Kimbrel Jason , Grauer Phyllis 
Published: November 2015

Context: Patients nearing the end of life may experience symptoms that are refractory to standard therapeutic options. Physicians may consider palliative sedation to relieve intolerable suffering. There is limited clinical literature regarding preferred medications for palliative sedation. Objectives: To determine the preferred medications physicians use when implementing palliative sedation. Methods: An Internet-based, cross-sectional survey of hospice and palliative care physicians in the United States. Results: A link to the survey was e-mailed to 3130 physician members of the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, of which 381 physicians completed the survey. Physicians were not required to answer all questions. Nearly all (n = 335, 99%) respondents indicated that palliative sedation may be used (acceptable by 73% [n = 248] for refractory symptoms and acceptable by 26% [n = 87] only for imminently dying patients). Seventy-nine percent (n = 252) believed that opioids should not be used to induce palliative sedation but should be continued to provide pain control. Midazolam was the most commonly selected first-line choice for palliative sedation (n = 155, 42%). The most commonly reported second-line agents for the induction of palliative sedation were lorazepam, midazolam (for those who did not select midazolam as first-line agent), and phenobarbital with a reported preference of 20% (n = 49), 19% (n = 46), and 17% (n = 40), respectively. Conclusion: Of the physicians surveyed, 99% (n = 335) felt that palliative sedation is a reasonable treatment modality. Midazolam was considered a drug of choice for inducing and maintaining sedation, and opioids were continued for pain control.
Localized atrophy of the thalamus and slowed cognitive processing speed in MS patients
Authors: Bergsland Niels , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB 
Published: November 2015

Background: Deep gray matter (DGM) atrophy is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no studies have investigated surface-based structure changes over time with respect to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, the relationship between cognition and the spatio-temporal evolution of DGM atrophy is poorly understood. Objectives: To explore DGM structural differences between MS and HCs over time in relation to neuropsychological (NP) outcomes. Methods: The participants were 44 relapsing-remitting and 20 secondary progressive MS patients and 22 HCs. All were scanned using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 3-year follow-up. NP examination emphasized consensus standard tests of processing speed and memory. We performed both volumetric and shape analysis of DGM structures and assessed their relationships with cognition. Results: Compared to HCs, MS patients presented with significantly smaller DGM volumes. For the thalamus and caudate, differences in shape were mostly localized along the lateral ventricles. NP outcomes were related to both volume and shape of the DGM structures. Over 3 years, decreased cognitive processing speed was related to localized atrophy on the anterior and superior surface of the left thalamus. Conclusions: These findings highlight the role of atrophy in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and its relation to cognitive decline in MS.
Expression of the PlA2 allele of glycoprotein IIIa and its impact on platelet function
Authors: Floyd Christopher N , Warner Timothy D , Ferro Albert 
Published: November 2015

Background The platelet fibrinogen receptor represents the final common pathway of platelet activation, and is formed from two glycoprotein (GP) subunits (GPIIb/IIIa). Carriage of the mutant PlA2 allele of GPIIIa has been shown to confer an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but published studies have disagreed as to the mechanism for this association. Objectives To assess whether carriage of the PlA2 allele conforms to Mendelian patterns of expression and to identify whether carriage of the mutant allele modulates platelet function. Methods Expression of the PlA2 allele was assessed in both healthy subjects ( n = 25) and patients with known coronary artery disease ( n = 90) through the development and validation of a liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Platelet function was assessed in the patient cohort in response to multiple agonists, and these data were analysed in the context of the proteomic data. Results Expression of the wild-type PlA1 allele and mutant PlA2 alleles was readily quantifiable and conformed to Mendelian patterns in both healthy and patient cohorts. Patients who were homozygous for the mutant PlA2 allele had an increased aggregatory response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, adrenaline, ristocetin, thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 and U46619, when assessed using agonist-concentration response curves. Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis that carriage of the mutant PlA2 allele mediates an increased risk of cardiovascular events through the modulation of platelet reactivity.
The effect of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy and medical treatment, including antidepressants on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in traumatised refugees: pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Buhmann Caecilie Böck , Nordentoft Merete , Ekstroem Morten , Carlsson Jessica , Mortensen Erik Lykke 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundLittle evidence exists on the treatment of traumatised refugees.AimsTo estimate treatment effects of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and antidepressants (sertraline and mianserin) in traumatised refugees.MethodRandomised controlled clinical trial with 2×2 factorial design (registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00917397, EUDRACT no. 2008-006714-15). Participants were refugees with war-related traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and without psychotic disorder. Treatment was weekly sessions with a physician and/or psychologist over 6 months.ResultsA total of 217 of 280 patients completed treatment (78%). There was no effect on PTSD symptoms, no effect of psychotherapy and no interaction between psychotherapy and medicine. A small but significant effect of treatment with antidepressants was found on depression.ConclusionsIn a pragmatic clinical setting, there was no effect of flexible CBT and antidepressants on PTSD, and there was a small-to-moderate effect of antidepressants and psychoeducation on depression in traumatised refugees.
The goya mutation identifies distinct novel roles for MAP3K1 in cochlear sensory hair cell development and survival
Authors: Parker Andrew , Cross Sally H. , Jackson Ian J. , Hardisty-Hughes Rachel , Morse Susan , Nicholson George , Coghill Emma , Bowl Michael R. , Brown Steve D.M. 
Published: November 2015

The Mitogen-Activated Protein kinase, MAP3K1, plays an important role in a number of cellular processes, including epithelial migration during eye organogenesis. In addition, studies in keratinocytes indicate that MAP3K1 signaling through JNK is important for actin stress fibre formation and cell migration. However, MAP3K1 can also act independently of JNK in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
We have identified a mouse mutant, goya, which exhibits eyes-open-at-birth and microphthalmia phenotypes. In addition, these mice also have hearing loss. The goya mice carry a splice site mutation in the Map3k1 gene. We show that goya and kinase-deficient Map3k1 homozygotes initially develop supernumerary cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) that subsequently degenerate, and a progressive profound hearing loss is observed by 9-weeks of age. Heterozygote mice also develop supernumerary OHCs, but no cellular degeneration or hearing loss is observed. MAP3K1 is expressed in a number of inner ear cell types, including outer and inner hair cells, stria vascularis and spiral ganglion. Investigation of targets downstream of MAP3K1 identified an increase in p38 phosphorylation (Thr180/Tyr182) in multiple cochlear tissues. We also show the extra OHCs do not arise from aberrant control of proliferation via p27KIP1.
The identification of the goya mutant reveals a novel signaling molecule involved with hair cell development and survival. Mammalian hair cells do not have the ability to regenerate after damage, which can lead to irreversible sensorineural hearing loss. Given the observed goya phenotype, and the many diverse cellular processes MAP3K1 is known to act upon, further investigation of this model may help elaborate upon the mechanisms underlying sensory hair cell specification, and pathways important for their survival. In addition, MAP3K1 is revealed as a new candidate gene for human sensorineural hearing loss.
CDK9 and its repressor LARP7 modulate cardiomyocyte proliferation and response to injury in the zebrafish heart
Authors: Matrone Gianfranco , Wilson Kathryn S. , Maqsood Sana , Mullins John J. , Tucker Carl S. , Denvir Martin A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk)9 acts through the positive transcription elongation factor-b (P-TEFb) complex to activate and expand transcription through RNA polymerase II. It has also been shown to regulate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, with recent evidence linking it to cardiomyocyte proliferation. We hypothesised that modification of CDK9 activity could both impair and enhance the cardiac response to injury by modifying cardiomyocyte proliferation. Cdk9 expression and activity were inhibited in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. We show that dephosphorylation of residue Ser2 on the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II is associated with impaired cardiac structure and function, and cardiomyocyte proliferation and also results in impaired functional recovery following cardiac laser injury. In contrast, de-repression of Cdk9 activity, through knockdown of La-related protein (Larp7) increases phosphorylation of Ser2 in RNA polymerase II and increases cardiomyocyte proliferation. Larp7 knockdown rescued the structural and functional phenotype associated with knockdown of Cdk9. The balance of Cdk9 and Larp7 plays a key role in cardiomyocyte proliferation and response to injury. Larp7 represents a potentially novel therapeutic target to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation and recovery from injury.
Teaching material based on biomechanical evidence: ‘high-jump hurdles’ for improving fundamental motor skills
Authors: Otsuka Mitsuo , Otomo Satoshi , Isaka Tadao , Kurihara Toshiyuki , Akutsu Chihiro 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Study aim: the purpose of this study has been to develop teaching materials to help improve junior high school students’ fundamental ability to repeatedly run and jump with a high and far-reaching travelling motion and to confirm the effectiveness of a new unit using teaching materials that are experimental in comparison to a conventional unit.

Materials and methods: one unit emphasized the conventional approach. This unit aims to improve the ability to step over hurdles. To help improve this ability, a ‘step-up hurdle’ was used as the conventional teaching material. This task focused on reducing the up-and-down motion using three hurdles whose height was set lower than those used in a competitive hurdle run. The other unit aims to improve the ability to jump high and far over hurdles. To help improve this ability, ‘high-jump hurdles’ were developed and used as the teaching material. The motor skill task was to clear three hurdles without knocking a hurdle down, with the hurdle height set as high as possible. Such conventional and new units were used for a group of 25 girls and a group of 18 girls in a junior high school (CON and EXP, respectively) and were conducted during six lessons.

Results: EXP’s high-jump hurdle scores significantly increased throughout the advanced lessons. While CON did not significantly improve its hurdle running times in a post-test, there was a significant improvement in EXP. Although CON did not significantly lengthen the horizontal clearance distance from take-off to landing in the post-test, there was a significant lengthening in EXP.

Conclusions: these findings suggest that new teaching material for teaching hurdling in physical education which aims to improve the ability to jump high and far over hurdles improves hurdle running time and improves the fundamental ability to repeat running and jumping travelling motor skills in contrast to traditional materials.
Phylogeny and morphology ofParviphycus myriocladus(Børgesen) comb. nov. (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from Asian waters
Authors: Boo Ga Hun , Cai Yixiong , Kim Jung Yeon , Boo Sung Min 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlants of the red algal genusParviphycusare typically diminutive and often occur in mixed stands with other turf species, leading to considerable difficulty in locating them in the field. Once sorted, identification to genus and species is challenging because of their lack of conspicuous diagnostic features. Examination of the type specimen and fresh collections ofGelidiella myriocladafrom Singapore revealed that this species may be incorrectly classified toGelidiella. To test the taxonomic position ofG.myrioclada, phylogenetic analyses usingrbcL andcox1 data were performed.Parviphycuscomprised two clades that corresponded to geographical distributions in the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific. In all analyses,G. myriocladawas consistently resolved in the Indo-PacificParviphycusclade, along withParviphycus antipaeandParviphycussp. Based on morphology,G.myriocladashows subapical growth and tetrasporangial characteristics that are unique toParviphycus. We therefore, propose the assignment ofG. myriocladaasParviphycusmyriocladus(Børgesen) comb. nov.
CFD Study of the Hydrodynamics of Slug Flow Systems: Interaction between Consecutive Taylor Bubbles
Authors: Araújo J. D. P. , Miranda J. M. , Campos J. B. L. M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Slug flow is one of the most frequently occurring multiphase flow patterns in industrial processes. A deep knowledge of its fundamentals is necessary to accurately model not only the fluid flow but also reaction and heat and mass transfer in several operation units. A numerical study is reported on the dynamics of slug flow, under laminar regime, in vertical columns of stagnant and co-current Newtonian and non-Newtonian liquids (shear-thickening and shear-thinning). A CFD package (Ansys FLUENT) with the VOF methodology was applied to simulate the flow of individual and pairs of consecutive Taylor bubbles. The behaviour of the most relevant hydrodynamic features with the approach of the trailing bubble towards the leading one is addressed, with particular emphasis to the role of the liquid rheology and flow configuration. The main results presented are the velocity ratio curves between consecutive bubbles, the variation of the bubbles shape, and the axial velocity and viscosity fields in the surrounding liquid. This bubble-bubble interaction data can be a keystone to improve and complement continuous slug flow simulators used for very long columns.
Lie Symmetries and Exact Solutions of Shallow Water Equations with Variable Bottom
Authors: Pandey Manoj 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the present paper, Lie symmetries of nonlinear shallow water equations with variable shapes of the bottom that include horizontal, inclined plane and a parabolic bottom are obtained. Exact particular solutions of the governing system are then obtained using the invariance of the system under these symmetries using Lie’s method. The evolutionary behaviour of the

C
1

$${C^1}$$

discontinuity wave, influenced by the amplitude of the discontinuity wave and the geometry of the bottom, is discussed in detail and some contrasting observations are made.
Single photon avalanche detectors: prospects of new quenching and gain mechanisms
Authors: Hall David , Liu Yu-Hsin , Lo Yu-Hwa 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
While silicon single-photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) have reached very high
detection efficiency and timing resolution, their use in fibre-optic
communications, optical free space communications, and infrared sensing and
imaging remains limited. III-V compounds including InGaAs and InP are the
prevalent materials for 1550 nm light detection. However, even the most
sensitive 1550 nm photoreceivers in optical communication have a sensitivity
limit of a few hundred photons. Today, the only viable approach to achieve
single-photon sensitivity at 1550 nm wavelength from semiconductor devices is to
operate the avalanche detectors in Geiger mode, essentially trading dynamic
range and speed for sensitivity. As material properties limit the performance of
Ge and III-V detectors, new conceptual insight with regard to novel quenching
and gain mechanisms could potentially address the performance limitations of
III-V SPADs. Novel designs that utilise internal self-quenching and negative
feedback can be used to harness the sensitivity of single-photon detectors,while
drastically reducing the device complexity and increasing the level of
integration. Incorporation of multiple gain mechanisms, together with
self-quenching and built-in negative feedback, into a single device also hold
promise for a new type of detector with single-photon sensitivity and large
dynamic range.
Growth and characterization of R(O,F)BiS2 (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) superconducting single crystals
Authors: Nagao Masanori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractR(O,F)BiS2 (R: La, Ce, Pr, Nd) superconducting single crystals with different F concentrations are grown using a CsCl/KCl flux. The obtained 1-2 mm-sized single crystals have a plate-like shape and are cleavable along the ab-plane. The crystal structure is tetragonal of space group P4/nmm (#129). The as-grown single crystals exhibit superconductivity at around 3–5 K. The superconducting transition temperature increases with decreasing the ionic radius of the R element. The superconducting anisotropies of the R(O,F)BiS2 single crystals are estimated to be 30–60 according to the effective mass model, whereas the anisotropies for Ce(O,F)BiS2 single crystals are 13–21. The c-axis transport measurements of a single crystal of Pr(O,F)BiS2 under a magnetic field parallel to the ab-plane reveal a “lock-in” state attributed to the Josephson vortex flow. Furthermore, the Ce(O,F)BiS2 single crystals exhibit a magnetic order at the temperature range of 5–7 K that apparently coexist with superconductivity below approximately 3 K.
Modelling and Validation of Transmittance from Nanocrystalline Titania film for Photoanodic Action in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Jyoti Divya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA four phase model air/glass/indium doped tin oxide/TiO2 has been studied by modifying Rouard’s model to calculate the final transmittance from TiO2 layer to be used as photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells. An optical simulation for the reflectance and transmittance has been executed for the constructed nanocrystalline TiO2 films. To validate the theoretical results TiO2 film has been deposited onto indium doped tin oxide (ITO) layer by sol-gel dip coating technique. It has been found that the incident light suffers losses by 5-15% on passage through TiO2 coated ITO layer. Experimentally it has been observed on the basis of efficiency value that meso-nano combination is the best candidate to be used as photoanode in a dye-sensitize solar cell.
Are Aquinas and Whitehead Metaphorical
and Analogical All the Way Down?
Authors: Masson Robert 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper argues from the perspective of a significant strand of interpretation of Aquinas and
from insights in cognitive linguistics that a fruitful dialogue between Whitehead and Thomism needs
to take into account that metaphysics and talk about God are metaphorical and analogical all the way
down. Cognitive linguistics provides an explanatory scheme for explaining how Aquinas’s tectonic use
of analogy shifts the ground of our conventional fields of meanings to create space to conceptualize what
otherwise would be beyond grasp and to make inferences possible that otherwise would be unthinkable.
The essay concludes with a question, admittedly from a particular trajectory of Thomism and cognitive
linguistics, about whether Whitehead’s conception of God adequately accounts for the radically
metaphorical “imaginative leap” entailed in the Christian conception of God.
Phosphene perception is due to the ultra-weak photon emission produced in various parts of the visual system: glutamate in the focus
Authors: Császár Noémi , Scholkmann Felix , Salari Vahid , Szőke Henrik , Bókkon István 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPhosphenes are experienced sensations of light, when there is no light causing them. The physiological processes underlying this phenomenon are still not well understood. Previously, we proposed a novel biopsychophysical approach concerning the cause of phosphenes based on the assumption that cellular endogenous ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is the biophysical cause leading to the sensation of phosphenes. Briefly summarized, the visual sensation of light (phosphenes) is likely to be due to the inherent perception of UPE of cells in the visual system. If the intensity of spontaneous or induced photon emission of cells in the visual system exceeds a distinct threshold, it is hypothesized that it can become a conscious light sensation. Discussing several new and previous experiments, we point out that the UPE theory of phosphenes should be really considered as a scientifically appropriate and provable mechanism to explain the physiological basis of phosphenes. In the present paper, we also present our idea that some experiments may support that the cortical phosphene lights are due to the glutamate-related excess UPE in the occipital cortex.
Elementary triangular matrices and inverses of k-Hessenberg and triangular matrices
Authors: Verde-Star Luis 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We use elementary triangular matrices to obtain some factorization, multiplication, and inversion
properties of triangular matrices. We also obtain explicit expressions for the inverses of strict k-Hessenberg
matrices and banded matrices. Our results can be extended to the cases of block triangular and block Hessenberg
matrices. An n × n lower triangular matrix is called elementary if it is of the form I + C, where I is the
identity matrix and C is lower triangular and has all of its nonzero entries in the k-th column,where 1 ≤ k ≤ n.
A Comprehensive Theoretical Investigation of the Molecular Properties of Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)
Authors: Yu Ang-Yang , Efil Kürşat , Yang Rui , Hu Qing-Miao 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The properties of the ground and the lowest excited state of methyl bromide (CH3Br) have been studied with and without inclusion of the solvent effects in this work. The geometric parameters, energies, and frequencies of the ground state and the triplet state are calculated by using the MP2(full)/6-311++G** level of theory. The vertical excitation for the singlet state is also investigated. It is found that the theoretical results performed by the TDDFT/B3P86/6-311++G** method are in the best agreement with the experimental results. In addition, the dissociation energy of CH3Br molecule is computed at MP2(full)/6-311++G** level of theory for the gas phase and in water. The ionisation potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), electronegativity (χ), electrophilicity index (ω), hardness (η), softness (S), and chemical potential (μ) values are calculated from HOMO-LUMO energies both in the gas phase and in solvent (water). These theoretical results could serve as a guide for future experimental investigations.