bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the impact of introducing a multimedia learning tool in podiatric medical courses
Authors: Hoyt Garrik , Adegboyega Samuel , Constantouris Gus , Basu Paramita 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedical students face the challenge of learning vast amounts of complex information. Existing research suggests improved learning outcomes using multimedia resources but reports on their impact on podiatric education are scarce. To explore the potential of multimedia‐based learning tools in enriching medical education, this study examined the impact of Osmosis, a platform featuring interactive videos, flashcards, and self‐assessment quizzes on podiatric medical student outcomes.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study examined the impact of Osmosis, a multimedia learning platform with videos, flashcards, and quizzes, on podiatric medical students' learning outcomes. Two cohorts (T = Osmosis access, N = 86; C = no access, N = 87) took Pharmacology and Podiatric Medicine courses consecutively. Final exam scores, final course grades, platform usage metrics (median weekly videos watched, flashcards, and quizzes), and student experience surveys were analyzed.ResultsAnalyses revealed no statistically significant differences in final exam scores between the groups in Pharmacology and Podiatric Medicine. While the treatment group exhibited a slight upward trend, further research is required for conclusive evidence. Student perceptions of Osmosis were overwhelmingly positive, with 90.2% of students agreeing that it facilitated concept learning and understanding compared to 54.9% for the textbook. Similarly, 80.4% of the treatment group felt that Osmosis enhanced their test performance, exceeding the 54.9% recorded for the textbook. Correlation analysis indicates a plausible connection between platform usage and academic success, as reflected by moderate positive correlations (r = [0.14, 0.28]) with final grades. Logistic regression analysis revealed that students with Osmosis access were 2.88 times more likely to score 90% or higher on the Pharmacology final exam (p < 0.05) and exhibited increased odds of achieving high (90%+) final course grades in Podiatric Medicine (OR = 2.71).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that Osmosis holds promise as a tool to support podiatric medical student learning. While the lack of statistically significant differences in final exam scores warrants further investigation, the positive student perceptions, high engagement rates, and increased odds of high scores in specific areas indicate the potential for Osmosis to positively impact academic outcomes. Therefore, a multimedia‐based resource like Osmosis appears to show promise as a tool to support podiatric medical education. The limitations inherent in the quasi‐experimental design necessitate further studies to confirm its effectiveness and long‐term impact on podiatric medical education.
Reduce, reuse, recycle: Introducing MetaPipeX, a framework for analyses of multi‐lab data
Authors: Fünderich Jens H. , Beinhauer Lukas J. , Renkewitz Frank 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMulti‐lab projects are large scale collaborations between participating data collection sites that gather empirical evidence and (usually) analyze that evidence using meta‐analyses. They are a valuable form of scientific collaboration, produce outstanding data sets and are a great resource for third‐party researchers. Their data may be reanalyzed and used in research synthesis. Their repositories and code could provide guidance to future projects of this kind. But, while multi‐labs are similar in their structure and aggregate their data using meta‐analyses, they deploy a variety of different solutions regarding the storage structure in the repositories, the way the (analysis) code is structured and the file‐formats they provide. Continuing this trend implies that anyone who wants to work with data from multiple of these projects, or combine their datasets, is faced with an ever‐increasing complexity. Some of that complexity could be avoided. Here, we introduce MetaPipeX, a standardized framework to harmonize, document and analyze multi‐lab data. It features a pipeline conceptualization of the analysis and documentation process, an R‐package that implements both and a Shiny App (https://www.apps.meta-rep.lmu.de/metapipex/) that allows users to explore and visualize these data sets. We introduce the framework by describing its components and applying it to a practical example. Engaging with this form of collaboration and integrating it further into research practice will certainly be beneficial to quantitative sciences and we hope the framework provides a structure and tools to reduce effort for anyone who creates, re‐uses, harmonizes or learns about multi‐lab replication projects.
The simultaneous prediction of yield and maturity date for wheat–maize by combining satellite images with crop model
Authors: Zhao Yanxi , Xiao Dengpan , Bai Huizi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe simultaneous prediction of yield and maturity date has an important impact on ensuring food security. However, few studies have focused on simultaneous prediction of yield and maturity date for wheat–maize in the North China Plain (NCP). In this study, we developed the prediction model of maturity date and yield (PMMY) for wheat–maize using multi‐source satellite images, an Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) model and a random forest (RF) algorithm.RESULTSThe results showed that the PMMY model using peak leaf area index (LAI) and accumulated evapotranspiration (ET) has the optimal performance in the prediction of maturity date and yield. The accuracy of the PMMY model using peak LAI and accumulated ET was higher than that of the PMMY model using only peak LAI or accumulated ET. In a single year, the PMMY model had good performance in the prediction of maturity date and yield. The latitude variation in spatial distribution of maturity date for WM was obvious. The spatial heterogeneity for yield of wheat–maize was not prominent. Compared with 2001–2005, the maturity date of the two crops in 2016–2020 advanced 1–2 days, while yield increased 659–706 kg ha−1. The increase in minimum temperature was the main meteorological factor for advance in the maturity date for wheat–maize. Precipitation was mainly positively correlated with maize yield, while the increase in minimum temperature and solar radiation was crucial to the increase in yield.CONCLUSIONThe simultaneous prediction of yield and maturity can be used to guide agricultural production and ensure food security. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
How much can assisted natural regeneration contribute to ecological restoration in arid lands?
Authors: del Mar González Florencia , Pérez Daniel Roberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn many arid shrubland lands around the world, such as the Monte Desert of Argentina, ecological restoration efforts often prioritize direct seeding or outplantings. Another restorative intervention with lower costs, such as assisted natural regeneration (ANR) through soil tillage, are poorly studied and implemented. In this context, we selected 16 abandoned petroleum drilling platforms that were scarified with furrows to evaluate the natural establishment of vegetation. An equal number of neighboring sites were chosen as ecological reference sites. Five years after scarification, an analysis was conducted on the similarity, richness, diversity of species, plant coverage, density, and soil in soil‐scarified petroleum drilling platforms and ecological reference sites. Similarity, diversity, plant coverage, and density were low between degraded and reference sites. However, 40% of the total species found in the ecological reference colonized one or more of the degraded sites studied. The species found in degraded sites belonged to various life forms (shrubs, perennial, and annual herbs). Additionally, the colonization exhibited notable differences with the typical succession sequence of pioneer, intermediate, and mature species. Many of them were considered typical of climax states in previous studies, such as the case of Larrea divaricata and Larrea cuneifolia. The discussion addresses the succession process in arid lands and highlights the importance of considering ANR with more emphasis on restoration efforts.
Long‐term impact of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manure on soil quality and productivity in subtropical Vertisols under a soybean‐wheat cropping system
Authors: Bangre Jyoti , Sinha Nishant Kumar , Mohanty Manoranjan , Jayaraman Somasundaram , Sahoo Rabi Narayan , Dwivedi Anuj Kumar , Singh Deepak , Mishra Alok , Kumar Saral , Wanjari Ravi , Jha Pramod , Kumar Dhiraj , Mishra Rahul , Mandloi Subhash , Singh Umesh Kumar , Chaudhary Ranjeet , Reddy Kotha Sammi , Prabhakar Mathyam , Singh Vinod Kumar , Rao Cherukumalli Srinivasa 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe quality of soil plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture. To better understand the changes in soil quality across different agroecosystems, long‐term experiments are considered as the most effective approach. Moreover in spite of their significance, there is paucity of information pertaining to long‐term impact of fertilizer and manure application on soil quality in Vertisols of Central India. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the soil quality in an ongoing 46‐year long‐term fertilizer experiment conducted in central India, where a soybean‐wheat cropping system (SWCY) was implemented on a Vertisol. The experiment involved the application of inorganic and integrated nutrient treatments, including farmyard manure (FYM). By analyzing various biological and physiochemical properties of the soil, a soil quality index (SQI) was developed. The SQI encompassed treatments with both optimal and suboptimal nutrient dosages, revealing the range of soil quality variations resulting from different nutrient applications over the long term. The study found a significant correlation between the SQI values and the grain yields of soybean (R2 = 0.85**) and wheat (R2 = 0.85**). The main indicators identified for assessing soil quality were large macro‐aggregates, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass nitrogen and carbon, and available nitrogen. Overall, the findings highlighted the importance of soil biological and physiochemical properties in determining soil quality, emphasizing the significance of integrating both inorganic and organic sources of nutrients for improving soil quality and crop productivity of soybean and wheat sequence in Vertisols of Central India.
Full‐Phase Parameter Modulation with Arbitrary Polarization Combination via Bidirectional Asymmetric Transmission Meta‐Devices
Authors: Li Hongmei , Yu Axiang , Pang Cheng , Wang Yuzhong , Qi Jiaran 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe bidirectional asymmetric transmission (BAT) meta‐devices have attracted widespread attention as an emerging display, encryption, and information storage platform. Generally, the multiplexing capability of BAT meta‐devices determines the upper limit of the loading capacity of multi‐task integrated systems. However, existing BAT meta‐devices still depend on structural properties and the arrangement of meta‐atoms, limiting the number of manipulated channels, operating frequency, and polarization combinations. Herein, a universal BAT meta‐device, enabling bidirectional eight‐phase‐channel asymmetric transmission, composed of bilayer spatially cascaded birefringent metasurfaces (BMs) is proposed to allow for arbitrary polarization combination via the inverse design method and validated in the microwave region. In addition, the polarization multiplexing capabilities of BAT meta‐devices are further extended via a Lego‐like physical mechanism. The proposed design strategy may facilitate BAT meta‐devices functional innovation and advanced application deployment in holographic images, duplex communication, and secret‐key‐sharing data encryption.
Solidification of Polyurethane Model Foams via Catalyst Drainage from a Secondary Foam
Authors: Jouanlanne Manon , Egelé Antoine , Drenckhan Wiebke , Farago Jean , Hourlier‐Fargette Aurélie 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDue to their unique mechanical and thermal properties, polyurethane foams are widely used in multiple fields of applications, including cushioning, thermal insulation or biomedical engineering. However, the way polyurethane foams are usually manufactured ‐ via chemical foaming ‐ produces samples where blowing and gelling occur at the same time, resulting in a morphology control achieved by trial and error processes. Here, a novel strategy is introduced to build model homogeneous polyurethane foams of controlled density with millimetric bubbles from liquid templates. By producing a polyurethane foam via physical bubbling without a catalyst and gently depositing a secondary foam containing catalyst on the top of this first foam, it is possible to take advantage of drainage mechanisms to trigger the solidification of the bottom foam. The characterization of the samples performed by X‐ray microtomography allows to study quantitatively the structure of the final solid foam, at the global and at the local scale. Using the tomographic 3D images of the foam architectures, the superimposed foam technique introduced in this article is shown to be promising to produce foams with a good homogeneity along the vertical direction, with a density controlled by varying the concentration of catalyst in the secondary foam.
Mitochondrial Parkinsonism: A Practical Guide to Genes and Clinical Diagnosis
Authors: Lopriore Piervito , Palermo Giovanni , Meli Adriana , Bellini Gabriele , Benevento Elena , Montano Vincenzo , Siciliano Gabriele , Mancuso Michelangelo , Ceravolo Roberto 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary mitochondrial diseases (PMDs) are the most common inborn errors of energy metabolism, with a combined prevalence of 1 in 4300. They can result from mutations in either nuclear DNA (nDNA) or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These disorders are multisystemic and mainly affect high energy‐demanding tissues, such as muscle and the central nervous system (CNS). Among many clinical features of CNS involvement, parkinsonism is one of the most common movement disorders in PMDs.MethodsThis review provides a pragmatic educational overview of the most recent advances in the field of mitochondrial parkinsonism, from pathophysiology and genetic etiologies to phenotype and diagnosis.ResultsmtDNA maintenance and mitochondrial dynamics alterations represent the principal mechanisms underlying mitochondrial parkinsonism. It can be present in isolation, alongside other movement disorders or, more commonly, as part of a multisystemic phenotype. Mutations in several nuclear‐encoded genes (ie, POLG, TWNK, SPG7, and OPA1) and, more rarely, mtDNA mutations, are responsible for mitochondrial parkinsonism. Progressive external opthalmoplegia and optic atrophy may guide genetic etiology identification.ConclusionA comprehensive deep‐phenotyping approach is needed to reach a diagnosis of mitochondrial parkinsonism, which lacks distinctive clinical features and exemplifies the intricate genotype‐phenotype interplay of PMDs.
Long‐term outcomes in virtual surgical planning for mandibular reconstruction: A cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Gardiner Lauren , Smith Brandon , Kubik Mark , Solari Mario , Smith Kenneth , de Almeida John R. , Sridharan Shaum 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study is an economic evaluation comparing virtual surgical planning (VSP) utilization to free hand mandibular reconstruction (FHR) for advanced oral cavity cancer, for which the cost effectiveness remains poorly understood. The proposed clinical benefits of VSP must be weighed against the additional upfront costs.MethodsA Markov decision analysis model was created for VSP and FHR based on literature review and institutional data over a 35‐year time horizon. Model parameters were derived and averaged from systematic review and institutional experience. VSP cost and surgical time saving was incorporated. We accounted for long‐term risks including cancer recurrence and hardware failure/exposure. We calculated cost in US dollars and effectiveness in quality‐adjusted‐life‐years (QALYs). A health care perspective was adopted, discounting costs and effectiveness at 3%/year. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses tested model robustness.ResultsIn the base case scenario, total VSP strategy cost was $49,498 with 8.37 QALYs gained while FHR cost was $42,478 with 8.27 QALY gained. An incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER), or the difference in cost/difference in effectiveness, for VSP was calculated at $68,382/QALY gained. VSP strategy favorability was sensitive to variations of patient age at diagnosis and institutional VSP cost with one‐way sensitivity analysis. VSP was less economically favorable for patients >75.5 years of age or for institutional VSP costs >$10,745. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 55% of iterations demonstrated an ICER value below a $100,000/QALY threshold.Conclusions/RelevanceVSP is economically favorable compared to FHR in patients requiring mandibular reconstruction for advanced oral cancer, but these results are sensitive to the patient's age at diagnosis and the institutional VSP cost. Our results do not suggest if one “should or should not” use VSP, rather, emphasizes the need for patient selection regarding which patients would most benefit from VSP when evaluating quality of life and long‐term complications. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate improved long‐term risk for hardware failure/exposure in VSP compared to FHR.
Prevalence of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices in children with type 1 myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Meziab Omar , Seckeler Michael D. , Scherer Katalin , Barber Brent J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsType 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is a neuromuscular disorder of multiple organ systems with important electrophysiologic (EP) manifestations, leading to a cumulative incidence of sudden death of 6.6%. Due to genetic anticipation, there is a pediatric subset of this patient population. However, most EP research on DM1 patients has been in adults, making cardiac care for pediatric patients difficult and directed by adult guidelines which often leads to cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) implants. We sought to investigate the prevalence of CIEDs in the pediatric DM1 population.MethodsThe Vizient® Clinical Data Base was queried from October 2019 to October 2023 for admissions with and without ICD‐10 code for myotonic dystrophy (G71.11), with and without codes for presence of a pacemaker or ICD (Z95.0, Z95.810). Patients who were identified were stratified by age: Pediatric (0–21 years) and Adult (22–50 years).ResultsPrevalence of CIED in pediatric DM1 was 2.1% and in adult DM1 was 15.8%. When comparing to pediatric and adult patients with CIED and without DM1, the odds ratio for CIED in pediatric DM1 was 48.8, compared to 23.3 for CIED in adult DM1.DiscussionThere are pediatric DM1 patients who have received CIED despite a lack of data to inform this decision‐making. Further research will be important to ensure appropriate use of CIED in this population and to develop appropriate guidelines to direct management.
Rapid Production Nasal Osteotomy Simulators With Multi‐Modality Manufacturing: 3D Printing, Casting, and Molding
Authors: Tumlin Parker , Sunyecz Ian , Cui Ruifeng , Armeni Mark , Freiser Monika E. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo expand and improve upon previously described nasal osteotomy models with the goals of decreasing cost and production time while ensuring model fidelity. To assess change in participant confidence in their understanding of and ability to perform nasal osteotomies following completion of the simulation course.Study DesignProspective study.SettingSimulation training course for otolaryngology residents at West Virginia University.MethodsA combined methodology of 3D printing, silicone molding, and resin casting was used to design a nasal osteotomy model to address material issues such as print delamination. Multiple models were then used in a simulation lab on performing nasal osteotomies. Model utility and impact on participant confidence was assessed at baseline, postlecture, and postsimulation lab.ResultsUsing a combined manufacturing methodology, we achieved a production time reduction of 97.71% and a cost reduction of 82.02% for this polyurethane resin nasal osteotomy model relative to a previously described osteotomy model. Participants in the simulation course were noted to have a significant improvement in confidence in their understanding of and ability to perform nasal osteotomies from baseline and postlecture and also from postlecture and postsimulation lab (P < .05 for all).ConclusionBy incorporating multiple manufacturing modalities (molding and casting) in addition to 3D printing, this study achieved a large reduction in both production time and cost in fabrication of a nasal osteotomy simulator and addressed material limitations imposed by fused deposition modeling printers. This design methodology serves as an example on how these barriers may be addressed in unrelated simulation projects. Model fidelity was improved with addition of a silicone soft tissue midface. Improvement in participant confidence was noted following completion of the simulation lab.
Her Legacy Lives On: Celebrating the Women Behind Head and Neck Eponyms
Authors: Mosteller Lauretta J. , Yang Alex W. , Tolisano Anthony M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis article profiles 6 notable female scientists who have had eponyms named after them, highlighting their significant contributions to various medical fields and whose scientific endeavors have influenced our practice and understanding of otolaryngology. We discuss Łucja Frey Gottesman and her description of Frey's syndrome; Margaret Dix and the Dix‐Hallpike test; Lotte Strauss and her work defining Churg‐Strauss disease; Dorothy Reed Mendenhall's discovery of Reed‐Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma; Edith Louise Potter defining Potter sequence in utero; Denise Louis‐Bar originally characterizing the condition now known as ataxia‐telangiectasia or Louis‐Bar syndrome. Despite the challenges these women faced as pioneering female physicians as well as personal and political turmoil, their contributions greatly advanced the fields of otolaryngology, neurology, neuropathology, perinatology, and pediatric pathology. We aim to honor their stories and medical legacies.