bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of CT in Differentiating the Non Pediatric Renal and Adrenal Region Fatty Masses
Authors: Elgaafary Sahar Mohamed , Naguib Elaassar Maha Mahmoud , Shoukry Amir Elham , Bedair Elbastawesy Mai Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
CT is indicated in many abdominal conditions because of its excellent morphological resolution and its ability to image many different structures, such as abdominal viscera, pelvic organs, lungs and bones, with a single examination.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is to highlight the accuracy of multi-detector computed tomography scan in diagnosing the different fatty lesions of the renal and adrenal regions by comparing the CT study of the benign lesions with their follow up CT scan and comparing the CT study of the malignant cases with their histo-pathological results.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted on 34 patients most of them had unrelated complaints(incidental findings) and were referred to Radiology department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute. Their age ranged from 20 years to 81 years old (mean age 56.35 years±13.61). Most of the patients were males 21cases while female were 13 cases. The patients were referred from oncology, general surgery, and urology departments of Theodor Bilharz Research Institute hospital as well as the outpatient clinics to perform MDCT in the period from September 2021 to June 2022.

Results
MDCT examinations were done for 34 patients and concluded that MDCT should be used in the first place in the course of diagnostic procedures of patients with renal and adrenal region fatty lesions and this was justified by an overall diagnostic accuracy of 100% for benign lesions and 82% for malignant lesions, where MDCT could correctly diagnose (33/34) cases and only 1 case was misdiagnosed, confirming the ability of MDCT to show up the accurate diagnosis, the exact location, extent of tumor, along with involvement of adjacent organs and vessels.

Conclusion
It also has a high accuracy in differentiation of malignant from benign lesions and detection of lymph node involvement & metastasis. There by improving the prognosis.
Role of Macrocalcification in Raising the Suspicion of Malignancy among the ACR TIRADS Thyroid Nodules Detected by Ultrasonography
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed Samy , Ahmed Farag Amina Mohamed , Amr Mohamed Dina Mohamed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Thyroid nodules are a frequent finding on neck sonography. The US is the most commonly used imaging technique for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. The Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) developed by the American college of radiology (ACR) for classification of thyroid nodules is a practical and convenient method for risk stratification of thyroid malignancy, based on allocating points for different sonographic features of thyroid nodules in five morphologic categories (composition, echogenicity, margins, shape, and presence of echogenic foci).

Objective
To evaluate the role of macrocalcification in raising the suspicious of malignancy among ACR TIRADS 3 and 4 group without macrocalcification

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted on 60 adult patients, 20 patients with TIRADS 3 nodule, 20 patients with TIRADS 4 group with macrocalcification nodules and 20 patients group TIRADS 4 without macrocalcification nodules, whose ages range between 23 and 65 years old and were referred to undergo FNA procedures.

Results
The present study concludes parenchymal macrocalcifications showed no statistically significant difference in raising percentage of malignancy among TIRADS 4 patients.

Conclusion
We conclude that the added macrocalcification showed no statistically significant difference in raising percentage of malignancy compared to TIRADS 4 without calcification group. Also, presence of macrocalcification should not prevent clinicians from making further assessments in case of nondiagnostic results to exclude their association with rather than their causal relation with thyroid malignancies.
The Role of Cardiac MRI and Late Gadolinium Enhancement Grading Protocol in Evaluation of the Right Ventricle in Patients with Repaired Fallot Tetralogy
Authors: Ibrahim Ayman Mohamed , Elsaied Naiad Medhat , Ali Ali Haggag 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Tetralogy of Fallot represents 7–10% of congenital heart diseases occurring in 0.5/1000 live births and is the second most common form of complex congenital heart diseases. The four elements of Tetralogy of Fallot: (a) sub-pulmonary obstruction resulting in (b) right ventricle hypertrophy, and (c) malalignment ventricular septal defect resulting in (d) apparent overriding of the aorta over both ventricles. Primary cardiac repair for Fallot Tetralogy patients includes right ventricular out flow tract widening interventions and ventricular septal defect closure. For such patients right ventricular assessment in the postoperative period is essential in aiding further management planning. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the role of cardiac MRI in functional and structural assessment of the right ventricle in Fallot tetralogy patients after surgical management.

Results
The current study included 30 Fallot Tetralogy patients underwent cardiac MRI after surgical management. The majority of patients 26 out of 30 (86.6%) showed right ventricular dilatation. Four patients had right atrial dilatation. Less than one-third of patients 8 out of 30 (26.6%) had right ventricular systolic dysfunction. The majority of patients 29 out of 30 (96.6%) had main pulmonary artery regurgitation. More than half of the patients 18 out of 30 (60%) had main pulmonary artery stenosis. The majority of patients 25 out of 30 (83.3%) had right ventricular outflow tract late gadolinium enhancement and 18 patients (60%) had base of interventricular septal enhancement.

Conclusions
MRI is an extremely useful imaging method for functional and structural assessment of the right ventricle after surgical repair of Fallot tetralogy patients with absence of ionizing radiation.
Predicting the Prognosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Using Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography Measurable Parameters in Comparison to Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI)
Authors: Refaat Salem Sophia Muhammed , Yousry ELNaggar Heba T-allah Mohammed , Ahmed Othman Amal Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of cardiovascular death and with CTPA being the gold standard in its diagnosis, it is feasible with radiologic parameters to stratify and early identify patients at risk of death.

Aim of the Work
To detect the prognostic value of radiologic parameters of CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) in comparison to pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI).

Patients and Methods
This was a prospective study done at Ain Shams University Hospitals and included 84 patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism and referred to the radio-diagnosis department for CT pulmonary angiography examination.

Results
3.6% of patients died within 24 hours and 44% died within 30 days of diagnosis of PE. All patients who died within 30 days had abnormal CTPA findings especially RV/LV ratio, PT diameter, septal bowing and contrast reflux in the IVC which revealed significant relationship between them and 30-day-mortality. Meanwhile PESI showed contradictory results and was less reliable than the radiologic parameters.

Conclusion
The CTPA radiological parameters appeared valuable for the prediction of 30-day mortality in patients with acute PE, and was superior to the PESI.
Role of Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) in Assessment of Biliary Neoplasms
Authors: Abdel Aziz Tougan Taha , Youssef Ekladious Mena El Erian , Abd El Kader Mona Hussein , Mohamed Sarah Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Biliary neoplasms are commonly encountered in the day-to-day radiological practice and can be benign or malignant. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality for evaluation of patients with biliary obstruction, to localize the cause of obstruction, detect the presence of mass lesion, and define its extension and identify remote metastasis.

Objective
To find out the role of MDCT scan in the evaluation of biliary neoplasms with respect to nature, cause and level of obstruction.

Methods
During the period from January 2022 to August 2022, the present study included 30 patients with clinically suspected biliary obstruction and previously radiological or laboratory diagnosed cases of biliary malignancy after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and taking written /verbal informed consent. 16 patients were males and 14 were females, their ages ranged between 36– 85 years with mean age of 64years old.

Results
The mean age of participants was 63.73±11.11 years old; and slight male predominance (53.3%). in correlation to histopathological findings, MDCT was 95.2% sensitive in detection of cholangiocarcinoma (20/21*100). It was 100% sensitive in detection of combined cholangiocarcinoma & HCC (1/1*100). Also it was 85.75 sensitive in detection of gall bladder carcinoma (6/7*100). While it was false positive in detection a case of HCC. The sensitivity of MDCT to detect biliary neoplasm is 96.4% (27/28*100) with specificity of 0% (0/2*100), the positive predictive value is 93.1% (27/29*100) while the negative predictive value is 0% (0/1%). We found significant association between MDCT Final outcome with resectability (P-value 0.002) and between resectability and TNM Staging (P-value &lt;0.0001)

Conclusion
Multidetector computed tomography MDCT can be considered a noninvasive fast with high sensitivity imaging tool in the assessment of patients with biliary neoplasms. The MDCT is satisfactory for staging of biliary neoplasms and for accurate preoperative assessment of the tumor extent.
Predicting of Hepatic Steatosis in Living Liver Donor via CT Liver Attenuation Index (LAI) and Fibroscan Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) Correlation with Biopsy Result
Authors: Ali Mahfouz Somaia Mohammed , eldin Mohamed Fatma Salah , Moneium Chalabi Nivine Abdel , Abdel Rahman Hazem Ibrahim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The most prevalent persistent parenchymatous liver alterations in healthy individuals are thought to be hepatic steatosis. The liver biopsy is the most crucial procedure for the identification and measurement of hepatic steatosis. By identifying the liver attenuation index (LAI) at an unenhanced CT image, hepatic steatosis can be evaluated without the risk of liver resection.

Objective
Using liver biopsy histological analysis as a reference standard, to examine the precision of the CT liver attenuation index (LAI) and fibroscan controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) for quantitative evaluation of macro vesicular steatosis in living related liver donors.

Methods
In this study comparing CT liver attenuation index & fibroscan controlled attenuation parameter with liver pathology of steatosis in subject's candidate for liver living donors 50 subjects in each two study's correlation with biopsy results, conducted at Ain Shams Shams Specialized hospital and other Private hospitals over about 2 years.

Results
Our study reported that liver – spleen attenuation index of 9 is the cutoff value with sensitivity 100% and specificity 80% that make it a very good method to exclude donor to have steatosis ≥15%, which mean if donor had LS index &lt; 9 we can safely do proceed do liver biopsy. Our study reported that CAP measurement had an AUROC OF 0.780, for detecting steatosis ≥ 15 %, with sensitivity is only 60% with specificity as CT LAI of 80%, which consider low compared to other study, that could be due to small number of donors in out study with steatosis ≥ 15 % (5 case from 50 donors) unlike the other studies.

Conclusion
When used to estimate the amount of liver fat in liver donors, the examined CAP and CT indices worked equally. But according to multivariate analysis, the only factor strongly linked with hepatic steatosis in alive donors was the CT L-S attenuation index. We contend that the combination of CT L-S attenuation index and CAP allows for the detection of the degree of hepatic steatosis and can be used as an option to liver biopsy, reserving liver biopsy for those with positive steatosis donors.
Correlation between Severity of Lung Disease in COVID-19 Infection and Acute CNS Abnormalities
Authors: El Fattah Ramadan Hayam Gamal Abd , Azab Enas Ahmed , Mohamed Zedan Nehal Sayed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV 2) began in Wuhan,China,in December 2019 and has rapidely spread around the world to become pandemic,as COVID-19 can produce pathologic changes in chest imaging,COVID-19 related brain imaging findings are also well known.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this current study is to correlate retrospectively between the severity of lung affection in patients with COVID-19 infections and development of acute CNS abnormalities.

Patients and Methods
This study is Retrospective study, the study was conducted at Ain Shams University Hospitals over a course of six months from march 2022 to September 2022 and the main source of data for this study was the archived CT and MRI imaging of the patients referred to the department of Radiology. Our inclusion criteria were patients that diagnosed with sever acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 infection with acute neurologic manifestation and available chest CT and brain imaging. The 5 lobes of the lungs were individually scored on a scale 0-5 (0 correspond to no involvement and 5 &gt; 75% involvement),A CT lung severity score was determined as the sum of lung involvement,ranging from 0 (no involvement) to 25 (maximum involvement).

Results
A total 55 patients met the inclusion criteria,In attempt to describe and evaluate the brain and lung imaging correlation in patients with COVID-19, Compared to 20 patients without acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging,there were 35 patients with acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging and those patients were found to have significantly higher mean CT lung severity score (p &lt; 0.0001) and they are more likely to present with ischemic stroke (14, 40%), A threshold of CT lung severity score &gt; 18 was found to be 97% sensitive and 90% specific for acute abnormal findings on neuroimaging, the neuroimaging hallmark of these patients were acute ischemic infarcts (40%),invasive fungal sinusitis (22.9.%), Isolated cavernous sinus thrombosis,PRES,and vasculitis (each one 8.6%),cerebral venous sinus thrombosis other than cavernous sinus (5.7%),cerebritis and abnormal white matter signal (each one 2.8%).The predominant CT chest findings were peripheral ground -glass opacities with or with out consolidation.

Conclusion
The CT lung severity score may be predictive of acute abnormalities on neuroimaging in patients with COVID-19 with neurologic manifestation. This can be used as predictive tool in patients management to improve clinical outcome.
The Regional Ain Shams Telemedicine Network
Authors: Wahba Hoda , Elbokl Ahmed , Emara Tamer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the deficiency in specialized care and low resources it is vital to come up with new healthcare delivery systems that utilize available resources in an efficient way.
The hub-spoke model is not new but has recently been revisited as it aids in sharing of specialized services. A central hub is able to support attached spokes through physical and virtual healthcare services.
To manage such a network a strong software platform with several integral features should be in place. Using available solutions may not satisfy all required features and may fragment the patient’s health records.
Ain Shams University Virtual Hospital (AVH) dedicated to healthcare transformation in Egypt and the region, manages and connects its spokes through TREAT platform (The REgional Ainshams Telemedicine network) that was funded by the Science and Technology Development Fund. The software platform supports provider-to-provider (P2P) telemedicine but for the sake of continuity of care other telemedicine modules and physical services are present. It helps utilize available resources in an efficient way with the capacity to audit user and system performance. The patient module has a seperate entry point and integrates with the rest of the system. Inpatients and outpatients from inside the system and outside can be managed physically and remotely.
Risk Predictors of Severity in Egyptian Patients with Covid-19 Infection
Authors: El-hamied Seliem Muhammed Abo El-naga Abd , Khaskia Mohammad Almohamady , Elsayed Ashraf Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In modern human history, infectious diseases have posed a threat to public health several times, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global public health crisis.

Objective
Identification of demographic, laboratory and radiological predictors of progression of COVID-19 infection in Egyptian patients. A special concern is focused on the poor prognostic factors associated with mortality, this will help to classify and monitor COVID-19 patients to deliver best medical care in order to decrease mortality and morbidity in Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods
A single-center, retrospective cohort study. This study was conducted in Almaza Fever Hospital after obtaining approval from the Research Ethical Committee.

Results
The current study conducted on (325) known positive COVID-19 patients divided into 2 groups: Group I (204) patients and Group II (121) patients. It was found that an increase in age among Group II (mean age was 66.22 ± 12.18) in comparison to Group I (mean age was 47.78 ± 14.73) with a statistically significant difference (p-value &lt;0.001). There was no statistically significant difference (p-value 0.432) between Sex and severe disease patients. Among Group II (121) out of the total study population 103 (85%) of these were found to have co-morbidities (highly significant, p value &lt; 0.001. Moreover, there was a higher prevalence of co-morbidities among non survivors however this didn’t reach the level of statistical significance (p-value 0.174). The current study showed that there was an increase in hematological parameters (TLC, Neutrophils), biochemical parameters (Urea, Creatinine, AST, D-Dimer, Ferritin, CRP, LDH, IL-6) and a decrease in Lymphocytes within Group II in comparison with Group I with statistically Significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.001), also there was a trend toward higher levels of ALT in group II, however this didn’t reach the level of statistical significance (p-value 0.068). Statistically significant difference (p-value &lt; 0.001) was found between disease severity and CT findings as from a total of (121) severe disease patients 105(86.8%) had CORADS (4-5).

Conclusion
The current study shows old age, elevated biochemical parameters (creatinine, urea, AST, D-dimer, IL-6, CRP, ferritin and LDH), hematological parameters (TLC) and extensive lung affection could be considered predictors of severity and mortality among Covid-19 patients. Also lymphopenia and associated co-morbidities are considered predictors of severity.
Assessment the Role of Non Invasive Biomarkers as an Early Predictors of Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Treated with the Biological Therapy
Authors: Al Breedy Ashraf Mohamed , Eltabbakh Mohamed Mahmoud , Abd El Razek Yasser Arafat , Ahmed Shaimaa Abdelrahman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by confluent mucosal inflammation and erosions starting from the anal verge and extending to a variable extent, where patients often complain of diarrhea associated with rectal bleeding, abdominal tenderness, and weight loss. Numerous disease biomarkers have been studied in ulcerative colitis (UC) such as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and C- reactive protein(CRP). On the other hand, fecal calprotectin and Lactoferrin are more specific and sensitive but expensive and still not commonly used in clinical practice due to the need for on demand specimen collection.

Objective
To evaluate the role of the non-invasive biomarkers as an early predictor of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis patients treated with biological therapy.

Methods
Twenty adult patients with ulcerative colitis who received biological therapy (after adequate screening) were included in our study. The patients met the indications for treatment with biological therapy according to European Crohn and Colitis Organization guidelines. The patients were presented to our IBD clinic at tropical medicine department, Ain shams university in the period from 1/2018 to 9/2021.

Results
There is a strong relationship between clinical response and mucosal healing at 6 months of starting biological therapy as 100% of patients who achieved mucosal healing showed clinical response. Median N/L ratio, median PLT/L ratio and CRP/albumin ratio were 1.58, 425 and 1.19 respectively in patients who achieved mucosal healing at 6 months after 3 months of starting biological therapy with statistical significance (p-value = 0.019, 0.019 and 0.008) respectively in comparison to the patients who didn’t achieve mucosal healing. Both median of L/M ratio and PLT/M ratio were decreased in patients achieved mucosal healing at 6 months after 3 months of starting biological therapy (3.43 and 660) respectively in comparison to patients who didn’t achieve mucosal healing but it didn’t reach any statistical significance.

Conclusion
Non invasive biomarkers at 3 months like N/L ratio, PLT/L ratio, L/M ratio and PLT/M ratio may be used as non invasive predictors of mucosal healing at 6 months after starting treatment with biological treatment.
Comparative transcriptome provides new insights into the molecular regulation of olive trees to chilling stress
Authors: Wu Wenjun , Jiang Chengying , Wei Qianqian , He Ling , Jin Gaoming , Zheng Yuming , Qi Jianli , Zhang Rong , Yao Yufang , Wan Dongshi , Lv Jiaojiao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Olive (Olea europaea L.), an economically important oil-producing crop, is sensitive to low temperature, which severely limits its productivity and geographical distribution. However, the underlying mechanism of cold tolerance in olive remains elusive. In this study, a chilling experiment (4 °C) on the living saplings of two olive cultivars revealed that O. europaea cv. Arbequina showed stronger cold tolerance with greater photosynthetic activity compared with O. europaea cv. Leccino. Transcriptome analyses revealed that early light-inducible protein 1 (ELIP1), the main regulator for chlorophyll synthesis, is dramatically induced to protect the photosynthesis at low temperatures. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, yeast one-hybrid and luciferase assays demonstrated that transcription factor bHLH66 serves as an important regulator of ELIP1 transcription by binding to the G-box motif in the promoter. Taken together, our research revealed a novel transcriptional module consisting of bHLH66-ELIP1 in the adaptation of olive trees to cold stress.