bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lurasidone drug-drug interaction studies: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chiu Yu-Yuan , Ereshefsky Larry , Preskorn Sheldon H. , Poola Nagaraju , Loebel Antony 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background: To evaluate potential drug-drug interactions with the atypical antipsychotic lurasidone.

Methods: Seven phase I studies were conducted to investigate the effects of repeated dosing of ketoconazole, diltiazem, rifampin, or lithium on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of single oral doses of lurasidone, or the effects of repeated dosing of lurasidone on the PK of digoxin, midazolam, or the oral contraceptive norgestimate/ethinyl estradiol. Two 6-week, phase III studies included evaluation of the potential for interaction between lurasidone and lithium or valproate. Maximum serum or plasma concentration (C
max) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) were calculated.

Results: Concomitant ketoconazole administration resulted in a 6.8-fold increase in lurasidone C
max and a 9.3-fold increase in lurasidone AUC; concomitant diltiazem administration resulted in 2.1- and 2.2-fold increases, respectively. Rifampin decreased lurasidone C
max and AUC (one-seventh and one-fifth of lurasidone alone, respectively). Steady-state dosing with lurasidone increased C
max and AUC0–24 (AUC from time 0 to 24 h postdose) of digoxin by 9% and 13%, respectively, and of midazolam by 21% and 44%, respectively. There were no significant interactions between lurasidone and lithium, valproate, ethinyl estradiol, or norelgestromin (the major active metabolite of norgestimate).

Conclusions: Lurasidone PK is altered by strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitors or inducers, and coadministration is contraindicated; whereas moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors have less effect, and lurasidone dosage restrictions are recommended. No dose adjustment for lurasidone is needed when administered with lithium or valproate. Dose adjustment is not required for lithium, valproate, digoxin (a P-glycoprotein substrate), or midazolam or oral contraceptives (CYP3A4 substrates) when coadministered with lurasidone.
“Nascent” Fe(0)-mediated living radical copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile
Authors: Wang Guo-Xiang , Lu Mang , Hou Zhao-Hui , Zhan Xue-Hui , Gao Yong , Liu Li-Chao , Wu Hu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this work, we reported the synthesis of copolymers of poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) via single-electron transfer-living radical polymerization using CCl4 as an initiator and Zn(0)/2,2′-bipyridine (Bpy)/FeCl2 as catalyst complexes. The polymerization was carried out at 25°C. The polymerization proceeded in a living fashion based on “nascent” Fe(0) as the source of the transition metal, which was prepared by Zn(0)/FeCl2 in situ. The kinetic experimental results showed that the copolymerization is first-order kinetics. The molecular weights increased linearly with respect to monomer conversion, and narrow polydispersity index values were obtained. The effect of the molar ratio of [Zn(0)]0/[FeCl2]0 on polymerization was investigated. In addition, the polymerization carried out in different solvents was also investigated. The obtained random copolymer was characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The living characteristic was demonstrated by chain extension experiment.
Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene by half-titanocene catalysts with the sulfur-containing donor ligand
Authors: Wang Wei , Zheng Gang , Wang Hongtao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMonocyclopentadienyl titanium complexes of the type Cp*TiX2 L (Cp*=C5 Me5, 1: L=C6 F5 S, X=OMe; 2: L=C6 F5 S, X=Cl; 3: L=2, 6-Me2-C6 H3 S, X=OMe) have been synthesized with high yields. These complexes are used as the catalysts for the syndiospecific polymerization of styrene. High catalytic activity is observed, and a polymer with high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution is obtained. It is concluded that not only the sulfur-containing donor ligand but also the anion ligand strongly affects the polymerization activity and the molecular weight of the resultant polymer.
The President, Polarization and the Party Platforms, 1944–2012
Authors: Jordan Soren , Webb Clayton McLaughlin , Wood B. Dan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractScholars generally agree that political elites in the US are polarized. Yet most of our evidence, especially longitudinal evidence, is built on proxy measures of elite ideology that fail to identify the unique dimensions that drive the cleavages between the parties. And our understanding of when elite polarization reemerged is also unclear. This study leverages the party platforms, along with the tools of content analysis, to shed new light on elite polarization. We find that, consistent with the literature, elite polarization is an asymmetric phenomenon driven by Republicans primarily motivated by economic issues. Further, we show that modern elite polarization emerged starting with the 1980 election.
Coupled coincidence point results for (φ,ψ)-contractive
mappings in partially ordered metric spaces
Authors: Ahmad Jamshaid , Arshad Muhammad , Vetro Pasquale 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In this paper, we extend the coupled coincidence point theorems for a mixed g-monotone operator

F
:
X
×
X
→
X

$F:X\times X\rightarrow X$

obtained by Alotaibi and
Alsulami [Fixed Point Theory Appl. (2011), article ID 44], by weakening the
involved contractive condition. Two examples are given to illustrate the
effectiveness of our generalizations. Our result also generalizes some
recent results announced in the literature. Moreover, some applications to integral
equations are presented.
Parabolic equations with Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions in a non-regular domain of
ℝN+1
Authors: Kheloufi Arezki 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
New results on the existence, uniqueness and
maximal regularity of a solution are given for a parabolic equation set in a
non-regular domain

Q
=

(
t
,

x
1

)

∈

ℝ
2

:
0
<
t
<
T
;

ϕ
1

(
t
)

<

x
1

<

ϕ
2

(
t
)

×

∏

i
=
1

N
-
1

]
0
,

b
i

[

$
Q=\bigl \lbrace (t,x_1) \in \mathbb {R}^{2}:0&lt;t&lt;T;\; \varphi _1(t) &lt;x_1&lt;\varphi _{2}(t) \bigr \rbrace \times \prod _{i=1}^{N-1}{]0,b_i[}
$

of ℝN+1, with Cauchy–Dirichlet boundary conditions,
under some assumptions on the functions

ϕ
1

$\varphi _1$

and

ϕ
2

$\varphi _2$

.
The right-hand side term of the equation is taken in

L
2

(
Q
)

$L^{2}(Q)$

. The method used is based on the approximation of the
domain Q by a sequence of sub-domains

(

Q
n

)

$(Q_n)$

which can be
transformed into regular domains. This work is an extension of the
two space variables case studied in [Differ. Equ. Appl. 2 (2010), no. 2, 251–263].
q-Dunkl-classical q-Hermite type polynomials
Authors: Ben Cheikh Youssèf , Gaied Mohamed , Zaghouani Ali 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
In this paper, we introduce two symmetric q-Dunkl-classical orthogonal polynomial sets generalizing the Hermite polynomials as range of discrete q-Hermite polynomials I and II by a suitable orthogonality preserving operator. Then, we state some of their properties: explicit expressions, recurrence relations, generating functions, inversion formulas, linear functionals and components. We conclude by locating these polynomials among orthogonal polynomials generalizing Hermite polynomials and classified according to lowering operators.
5-(2,2-Dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin)methanol: the synthetic precursor to o-formyl-m-hydroxycinnamic acid, the most oxidized salicylaldehyde-type phytotoxin isolated from rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea
Authors: Saito Akihito , Hiramatsu Konosuke , Cao Hai-Qun , Nagashima Yuta , Tanaka Koji , Sasaki Ayaka , Yamada Teiko , Kuwahara Shigefumi , Nukina Manabu , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

o-Formyl-m-hydroxycinnamic acid, the most oxidized salicylaldehyde-type phytotoxin isolated from rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea, was synthesized for the first time using 5-(2,2-dimethyl-4H-1,3-benzodioxin)methanol as the starting material, and the proposed structure was confirmed.
Experimental study of wood acoustic absorption characteristics
Authors: Smardzewski Jerzy , Batko Wojciech , Kamisiński Tadeusz , Flach Artur , Pilch Artur , Dziurka Dorota , Mirski Radosław , Roszyk Edward , Majewski Adam 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine normal impedance on the surface as well as sound absorption coefficients for several wood species from Europe and from the tropical zone. The mathematical models of Miki, Attenborough, and Allard – dealing with acoustic properties of porous materials – have also been compared. The air flow resistivity exhibits a distinct link between fiber dimensions and wood porosity. The highest sound absorption coefficient was found for oak, ash, sapeli, and pine woods at 2 kHz frequency. The Attenborough model provides results closest to laboratory measurements, although it still requires significant improvements. The Miki and Allard models have some drawbacks and should be applied with reservation for the determination of wood acoustic properties.
Influence of blue stain on density and dimensional stability of Pinus radiata timber from northern Galicia (Spain)
Authors: Rouco María C. Abuín , Muñoz Guillermo Riesco 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The presence of blue-stain fungi considerably decreases the value of Pinus radiata timber, which is commercially important in Galicia (NW Spain). For this study, seven young pine trees growing in four different plantations were felled, and 20 discs were sampled from different heights in the stems. Parts of the discs were discoloured as a result of fungal infection. The discs were cut into small specimens. Defect-free specimens (controls) were selected for determining density and dimensional stability both in the volume and in the axial direction. Physical properties of fully blue-stained specimens and the controls were compared for each disc based on one-factor analysis of variance. As the factor was blue-stain, the other sources of variation were suppressed, such as tree source, height in the stem, ring width, cambial age and presence of heartwood or sapwood. Most of the physical properties analysed on some sample discs differed significantly between discoloured and unstained wood. The variables most affected by blue stain were basic density and volumetric shrinkage: blue-stained wood was 1.1% lighter and volumetric shrinkage was 5% higher in blue-stained wood than in the controls.
Brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, angiogenesis: pathophysiological aspects
Authors: Honek Jennifer , Lim Sharon , Fischer Carina , Iwamoto Hideki , Seki Takahiro , Cao Yihai 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The number of obese and overweight individuals is globally rising, and obesity-associated disorders such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer are among the most common causes of death. While white adipose tissue is the key player in the storage of energy, active brown adipose tissue expends energy due to its thermogenic capacity. Expanding and activating brown adipose tissue using pharmacological approaches therefore might offer an attractive possibility for therapeutic intervention to counteract obesity and its consequences for metabolic health.
Effect of Dislocations on Spinodal Decomposition, Precipitation, and Age-hardening of Cu–Ti Alloy
Authors: Sato Shigeo , Hasegawa Akifumi , Semboshi Satoshi , Wagatsuma Kazuaki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn age-hardenable Cu–Ti alloys, cold work before aging enhances their mechanical properties and shortens the aging time for obtaining the maximum hardness. In order to discuss hardening behaviors, microstructural evolutions such as dislocation rearrangements, progress of spinodal decomposition, and subsequent precipitation from the spinodal region during aging need to be analyzed precisely. Therefore, we employed a probing method combining the small- and the wide-angle X-ray scattering methods to characterize the precipitate size and the progress of spinodal decomposition, respectively. Sideband peaks appearing adjacent to Bragg reflection peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns of a copper matrix were analyzed to estimate the development of compositional modulations of titanium accompanied by spinodal decomposition. The results of these analytical procedures revealed that the growth rates of the spinodal region and nanometer-scales precipitates in Cu–Ti alloys are less susceptible to dislocations introduced during cold working before aging, and that dislocations introduced during prior cold working annihilate in the initial aging stage. Consequently, overaging, which is mainly induced by dislocation annihilation, in a cold-worked Cu–Ti alloy occurs after a shorter aging time than in an unworked alloy.
Dyslipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in children and adolescents with chronic liver disease: relation to disease severity
Authors: El-Kabbany Zeinab A. , Hamza Rasha Tarif , Ibrahim Salwa AH. , Mahmoud Nermine H. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Background: Lipid metabolism is profoundly disturbed in chronic liver diseases (CLD). Moreover, patients with cirrhosis displayed chronically elevated serum insulin (SI) concentrations.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to assess fasting lipid profile (FLP) and SI levels among Egyptian patients with CLD and their relation to severity of liver disease.
Methods: A total of 40 Egyptian children with CLD were compared with 30 age-, sex-, and pubertal stage-matched controls. All subjects were subjected to history and auxological assessment; their FLP, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and SI were measured; and their fasting glucose/insulin (G/I) ratios were calculated.
Results: Total cholesterol (TC, p=0.006), triglycerides (TG, p=0.03), low density lipoproteins (LDL, p=0.034), and SI (p<0.001) were significantly higher while high density lipoproteins (HDL, p<0.001) and G/I ratio (p<0.001) were significantly lower as serum albumin decreased; these were also lower among cases with a progressive decrease going from child A to C. Of the 40 studied cases, eight (20%) had hypercholesterolemia, 13 (32.5%) had hypertriglyceridemia, 17 (42.5%) had low HDL and 9 (22.5%) had high LDL, 32 (80%) had hyperinsulinemia (HI), and 11 (27.5%) had insulin resistance (IR).
Conclusions: Dyslipidemia and HI were frequent findings in patients with CLD, which worsened with increased severity of CLD.
Physical self-esteem – a ten-year follow-up study from early adolescence to early adulthood
Authors: Raustorp Anders , Lindwall Magnus 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction: One variable that has been consistently associated with adolescents’ physical activity is perceived activity competence. Perceived physical (or sport) competence is considered a sub-domain to the physical self-esteem or self-worth (i.e., a person’s valuation of what is good and worthy in their self-description).
Objective: This study aimed to describe levels of and inter-correlations among physical self-esteem, physical activity, and body mass index in a longitudinal design spanning adolescence to early adulthood.
Materials and methods: At mean ages of 12.7, 15.7, 17.7 and 22.7 years, we measured perceived physical self-esteem in 39 (22 boys) Swedish adolescents. Physical activity (steps/day) for four consecutive schooldays, height, and weight were also measured.
Results: No significant difference between the four time points for any variable of perceived physical self-esteem was seen, neither in boys nor girls. In general, all physical self-variables revealed non-linear trajectories across time, where the general trend was an increase during the younger ages followed by a decrease during older ages. At ages 12 and 15 years in boys and girls physical condition and physical strength as well as body attractiveness and physical strength, respectively, had the strongest correlations to physical self-esteem. At age 17 and 22 years sports competence had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in girls, while body attractiveness and physical strength had the strongest correlation to self-esteem in boys.
Conclusion: An overall stability in physical self-esteem was found. However the impact of a sub-domain upon physical self-esteem vary during adolescence and early adulthood. Such information may be useful when creating physical activity programs that support and develop physical self-esteem.
Semiparametric Odds Rate Model for Modeling Short-Term and Long-Term Effects with Application to a Breast Cancer Genetic Study
Authors: Yuan Mengdie , Diao Guoqing 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe proportional odds model is commonly used in the analysis of failure time data. The assumption of constant odds ratios over time in the proportional odds model, however, can be violated in some applications. Motivated by a genetic study with breast cancer patients, we propose a novel semiparametric odds rate model for the analysis of right-censored survival data. The proposed model incorporates the short-term and long-term covariate effects on the failure time data and includes the proportional odds model as a nested model. We develop efficient likelihood-based inference procedures and establish the large sample properties of the proposed nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators. Simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed methods perform well in practical settings. An application to the motivating example is provided.
Porosity and the bounded linear regularity property
Authors: Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract.
H. H. Bauschke and J. M. Borwein showed that in the space of all
tuples of bounded, closed, and convex subsets of a Hilbert space
with a nonempty intersection, a typical tuple has the bounded linear
regularity property. This property is important because it leads
to the convergence of infinite products of the corresponding
nearest point projections to a point in the intersection.
In the present paper we show that the subset of all tuples possessing the
bounded linear regularity property has a porous complement. Moreover, our
result is established in all normed spaces and for tuples of closed and
convex sets, which are not necessarily bounded.
Monotone Confounding, Monotone Treatment Selection and Monotone Treatment Response
Authors: Jiang Zhichao , Chiba Yasutaka , VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractManski (Monotone treatment response. Econometrica 1997;65:1311–34) and Manski and Pepper (Monotone instrumental variables: with an application to the returns to schooling. Econometrica 2000;68:997–1010) gave sharp bounds on causal effects under the assumptions of monotone treatment response (MTR) and monotone treatment selection (MTS). VanderWeele (The sign of the bias of unmeasured confounding. Biometrics 2008;64:702–6) provided bounds for binary treatment under an assumption of monotone confounding (MC). We discuss the relation between MC and MTS and provide bounds under various combinations of these assumptions. We show that MC and MTS coincide for a binary treatment, but MC does not imply MTS for a treatment variable with more than two levels.
Nicole Oresme (1320–1382)
Authors: Moss Laurence S. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The pantheon of classical liberal thinkers must honor the memory of one brilliant mathematician, scientist, and debunker of superstitious beliefs, the sound-money advocate Nicole Oresme. Although his opposition to the recoinage practices of the French monarchy was not unprecedented in the fourteenth century, Oresme must be credited with anticipating the “rational expectations” in economics when he distinguished quite forcefully between “preannounced debasement” and “secret debasement” and their effects on the distribution of wealth. Oresme explains that the king should not practice secret debasement, and can appear as a pioneer for modern ideas on monetary surprises.
Identification of an unknown spatial load distribution in a vibrating cantilevered beam from final overdetermination
Authors: Hasanov Alemdar , Baysal Onur 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The inverse problem of determining the unknown spatial load distribution F(x) in the cantilever beam equation
m(x)u

tt
= -(E
I(x)u

xx
)
x
x
+ F(x)H(t), with arbitrary but separable source term, from the measured data
uT
(x) := u(x,T), x ∈ (0,l), at the final time T > 0 is considered. Some a priori estimates of the weak solution
u ∈ H°2,1(Ω
T
) of the forward problem are obtained. Introducing the input-output map, it is proved that this map is a compact operator. The adjoint problem approach is then used to derive an explicit gradient formula for the Fréchet derivative of the cost functional J(F) = ∥ u(·,T;F) - uT
(·) ∥
L
2(0,l)
2. The Lipschitz continuity of the gradient is proved. The collocation algorithm combined with the truncated singular value decomposition (TSVD) is used to estimate the degree of ill-posedness of the considered inverse source problem. The conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA), based on the explicit gradient formula, is proposed for numerical solution of the inverse problem. The algorithm is examined through numerical examples related to reconstruction of various spatial loading distributions F(x). The numerical results illustrate bounds of applicability of proposed algorithm, also its efficiency and accuracy.
Reflection of waves in micropolar transversely isotropic thermoelastic half space of GN type II and III
Authors: Gupta Rajani Rani 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present paper deals with the reflection of waves incident at the surface of a transversely isotropic micropolar medium under the theory of thermoelasticity of GN types II and III. The wave equations are solved by imposing proper conditions on the components of displacement, stresses, and temperature distribution. It is found that there exist four different waves, viz. quasi-longitudinal displacement (qLD) wave, quasi-transverse displacement (qTD) wave, quasi-transverse microrotational (qTM) wave, and quasi-thermal (qT) wave. The amplitude ratios of these reflected waves are presented, when different waves are incident. Numerically simulated results have been depicted graphically for the different angles of incidence with respect to the frequency. Some special cases of interest also have been deduced from the present investigation.
Principal Component Analysis of Correlated WEDM Performance Characteristics during Machining ZC63/SiCP MMCs
Authors: Rao Thella Babu , Krishna A. Gopala 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe present investigation proposes the optimization of the wire electrical discharge machining process for machining ZC63/SiCP metal matrix composite. SiC particulate size and its percentage with the matrix are considered as the process variables along with the most significant WEDM variables such as pulse-on time, pulse-off time and wire tension. In view of quality cut, surface roughness, metal removal rate and kerf are considered as the process responses. Since, these responses are correlated with each other and they need to be optimized simultaneously. Therefore, the problem is treated as multi-response optimization problem. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been implemented to convert the multi-objective optimization problem in to single objective optimization problem by converting the multiple correlated responses in to the total quality index. Taguchi's robust optimization technique has been adopted to derive the set optimal process parameters which maximize the total quality index. The derived optimal process responses are confirmed with the experimental validation tests. ANOVA is conducted find the importance of the chosen process variables on the overall quality of the machined component. The practical possibility of the obtained optimal process performance is observed using SEM studies.