bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐in‐one aortic valve sizing and valvuloplasty conductance balloon catheter
Authors: Svendsen Mark C. , Sinha Anjan K. , Berwick Zachary C. , Combs William , Teague Shawn D. , Lefevre Thierry , Babaliaros Vasilis , Kassab Ghassan 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundInaccurate aortic valve sizing and selection is linked to paravalvular leakage in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Here, a novel sizing valvuloplasty conductance balloon (SVCB) catheter is shown to be accurate, reproducible, unbiased, and provides real‐time tool for aortic valve sizing that fits within the standard valvuloplasty procedure.Methods and ResultsThe SVCB catheter is a valvuloplasty device that uses real‐time electrical conductance measurements based on Ohm's Law to size the balloon opposed against the aortic valve at any given inflation pressure. Accuracy and repeatability of the SVCB catheter was performed on the bench in phantoms of known dimension and ex vivo in three domestic swine aortic annuli with comparison to computed tomography (CT) and dilator measurements. Procedural workflow and safety was demonstrated in vivo in three additional domestic swine. SVCB catheter measurements had negligible bias or error for bench accuracy considered as the gold standard (Bias: −0.11 ± 0.26 mm; Error: 1.2%), but greater disagreement in ex vivo versus dilators (Bias: −0.3 ± 1.1 mm; Error: 4.5%), and ex vivo versus CT (Bias: −1.0 ± 1.6 mm; Error: 8.7%). The dilator versus CT accuracy showed similar agreement (Bias: −0.9 ± 1.5 mm; Error: 7.3%). Repeatability was excellent on the bench (Bias: 0.02 ± 0.12 mm; Error: 0.5%) and ex vivo (Bias: −0.4 ± 0.9 mm; Error: 4.6%). In animal studies, the device fit well within the procedural workflow with no adverse events or complications.ConclusionsDue to the clinical relevance of this accurate, repeatable, unbiased, and real‐time sizing measurement, the SVCB catheter may provide a useful tool prior to TAVR. These findings merit a future human study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A randomized study comparing the use of a pelvic lead shield during trans‐radial interventions: Threefold decrease in radiation to the operator but double exposure to the patient
Authors: Musallam Anees , Volis Ina , Dadaev Svetlana , Abergel Eitan , Soni Amit , Yalonetsky Sergey , Kerner Arthur , Roguin Ariel 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of a 0.5‐mm lead apron across the patient's abdomen in addition to standard operator protection for the reduction of scatter radiation on operator and patient radiation exposureBackgroundCardiac angiography using the radial access compared to the femoral approach is associated with reduced complication rate and improved patient comfort but has significantly increased radiation dose. Improvements in radiation protection are neededMethodsWe randomly assigned 332 patients undergoing coronary angiography to a group with pelvic lead shielding and a group with standard protection. In each procedure, eight digital dosimeters were used to measure operator radiation dose [under the lead apron, outside the thyroid shield, and at the left side of the head], patient dose at the level of the umbilicus [above and beneath the lead apron], and two on the acrylic shielding and one on the image receptor to measure scattered radiationResultsBoth groups were similar in BMI, procedures performed, and number of sequences. Usage of lead shielding statistically significantly reduced the radiation dose of the operator at all three sites measured: under lead apron [all in µSv]: 0.53 ± 1.4 vs. 0.17 ± 0.6, on thyroid collar 5.9 ± 7.7 vs. 2.9 ± 3.4, and left side of head 3.3 ± 3.4 vs. 2.1 ± 2.2, P < 0.001. However the radiation to the patient was doubled from 15.4 ± 24.1 to 28.9 ± 81.1, P = 0.04ConclusionsThe use of a pelvic lead shield during radial angiography reduced the operator radiation exposure at multiple measurement sites. However there was an increased exposure to the patient. This balance should be further investigated before the widespread adoption of this method. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes and predictors of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Results of the Brazilian registry
Authors: de Brito Fábio S. , Carvalho Luiz A. , Sarmento‐Leite Rogério , Mangione José A. , Lemos Pedro , Siciliano Alexandre , Caramori Paulo , São Thiago Luiz , Grube Eberhard , Abizaid Alexandre ,   on behalf of the Brazilian TAVI Registry investigators
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveThe study sought to evaluate outcomes and predictors of mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundTAVI registries can reliably address outcomes and issues that adversely affect results in real‐life.MethodsAll endpoints and complications were analyzed according to Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2 criteria.ResultsBetween January 2008 and January 2013, 418 patients underwent TAVI in 18 centers and were included in the Brazilian registry. The transfemoral approach was used in 96.2% of the procedures. The CoreValve and Sapien XT prosthesis were used in 360 (86.1%) and 58 (13.9%) cases, respectively. All‐cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year were 9.1 and 21.5%. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (HR: 3.50), acute kidney injury (AKI) (HR: 3.07), stroke (HR: 2.71) and moderate/severe paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) (HR: 2.76) emerged as independent predictors of overall mortality. COPD (OR: 3.00), major vascular complications (OR: 7.99) and device malpositioning (OR: 6.97) were predictors of early (≤30 days) mortality, while COPD (HR: 2.68), NYHA class III/IV (HR: 3.04), stroke (HR: 4.15), AKI (HR: 2.44) and moderate/severe PVR (HR: 3.20) impacted late (>30 days) mortality. The use of transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) to monitor the procedure was found to be a protective factor against overall (HR: 0.57) and late (HR: 0.47) mortality.ConclusionThis multicenter registry reflected a real‐life national TAVI experience. Comorbidities, periprocedural complications and moderate/severe PVR were associated with increased mortality and the use of TEE to monitor the procedure acted as a protective factor. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the left transcarotid approach in patients with previous ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Pozzi Matteo , Grinberg Daniel , Obadia Jean‐François , Saroul Christine , Green Lisa , Dementhon Julie , Pizzighini Sarah , Rioufol Gilles , Finet Gerard , Modine Thomas 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility and safety of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) through a left transcarotid approach in patients previously operated on for ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy (CEA).BackgroundThe healthcare impact of extracranial carotid artery disease is essential as stroke is the third‐leading cause of death in industrialized nations and CEA is often present in the history of patients awaiting TAVI.MethodsThe primary endpoint was to evaluate 30‐day mortality and freedom from major TAVI‐related complications in an observational analysis.ResultsFrom December 2011 to February 2014, we performed 9 TAVI. The mean age was 84.6 years. The procedure was performed without any technical complication or vascular injury in every patient. There was neither intraoperative mortality nor intraoperative major complications. One (11.1%) patient experienced spatial‐temporal disorientation but cerebral computed tomography did not show any sign of stroke. Two (22.2%) patients needed the implantation of a pacemaker due to third‐degree atrioventricular block appearance. Three (33.3%) patients were transfused with packed red blood cells and 1 (11.1%) patient developed a groin hematoma. Only 1 (11.1%) patient showed a residual paravalvular regurgitation ≥ 2. At 30‐day follow‐up there was neither mortality nor other TAVI‐related complications and echocardiography parameters remained stable.ConclusionsTAVI through a left transcarotid approach in patients previously operated on for ipsilateral CEA is feasible and safe. The presence of a previous ipsilateral CEA represents no more a limitation to the utilization of this promising access route. At short‐term follow‐up, mortality and major complications rates are low. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multimodality imaging of attenuated plaque using grayscale and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound and optical coherent tomography
Authors: Kang Soo‐Jin , Ahn Jung‐Min , Han Seungbong , Park Duk‐Woo , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong‐Wook , Mintz Gary S. , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAlthough attenuated plaque is a marker for plaque vulnerability, the quantification and its implication have not been known.MethodsMultimodality pre‐procedural imaging using grayscale intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), virtual histology‐IVUS (VH‐IVUS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in 115 coronary lesions with diameter stenosis (DS) >30% and plaque burden ≥50% and compared the diagnostic accuracies for detecting thin‐cap fibroatheromas (TCFA).ResultsA maximal arc of attenuation (40 MHz IVUS) ≥29.0° was the cutoff for predicting VH‐TCFA (sensitivity 74%, specificity 66%); and OCT‐TCFA (sensitivity 89%, specificity 64%), while a maximal arc attenuation ≥29.0° (20MHz IVUS) showed a poor sensitivity for predicting TCFA. Compared to the lesions with an arc of attenuation <30° as a rough cutoff value, the lesions with a maximum arc of attenuation ≥30° (40 MHz) were associated with more severe (smaller angiographic minimum lumen diameter and greater DS, smaller IVUS‐MLA and a larger plaque burden) and had more unstable lesion characteristics: (1) larger remodeling index and more plaque ruptures (grayscale IVUS); (2) greater %necrotic core and more VH‐TCFAs (VH‐IVUS); and (3) more lipid, macrophages, cholesterol crystals, and microchannels; thinner fibrous caps; and more OCT‐TCFAs, OCT‐detected plaque ruptures, and red and white thrombi (OCT). Among 58 patients treated with stent implantation, postintervention peak CK‐MB was higher in patients with the maximal attenuation ≥30° compared to those without (median 2.7 ng/ml [IQR 0.9–18.7 ng/ml] vs. median 0.9 ng/ml [IQR 0.7–2.1 ng/ml], P = 0.012).ConclusionAttenuated plaque with a maximal attenuation ≥30° vs. <30° (40 MHz, but not 20 MHz IVUS) were more likely to be associated with unstable lesion morphology that may contribute to the immediate poststenting CK‐MB elevation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inherent Electrochemistry of Layered Post‐Transition Metal Halides: The Unexpected Effect of Potential Cycling of PbI2
Authors: Chua Chun Kiang , Sofer Zdeněk , Lim Chee Shan , Pumera Martin 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe development of two‐dimensional nanomaterials has expedited the growth of advanced technological applications. PbI2 is a layered inorganic solid with important and unique properties suitable for applications in the detection of electromagnetic radiation. While the optical and electrical properties of layered PbI2 have been generally established, its electrochemistry has remained largely unexplored. In this work, we examine the inherent electrochemistry of PbI2 in relation to its morphological and structural properties. A direct comparison between commercially available and solution‐grown PbI2 showed high similarity in properties based on characterizations by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The respective layered PbI2 materials also exhibited similar inherent electrochemistry. Electrochemical potential cycling of PbI2 in phosphate buffer resulted in the dissolution of iodide ions from PbI2 to form complex lead‐phosphate‐chloride with the oxygen groups of the phosphate ions while retaining the hexagonal structure. In the case of KCl solution, the formation of PbO2 was observed.
Hydrolysis of Hydrophobic Esters in a Bicontinuous Microemulsion Catalysed by Lipase B from Candida antarctica
Authors: Steudle Anne K. , Subinya Mireia , Nestl Bettina M. , Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSelective enzyme‐catalysed biotransformations offer great potential in organic chemistry. However, special requirements are needed to achieve optimum enzyme activity and stability. A bicontinuous microemulsion is proposed as reaction medium because of its large connected interface between oil and water domains at which a lipase can adsorb and convert substrates in the oil phase of the microemulsion. Herein, a microemulsion consisting of buffer–n‐octane–nonionic surfactant CiEj was used to investigate the key factors that determine hydrolyses of p‐nitrophenyl esters catalysed by the lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB). The highest CalB activity was found around 44 °C in the absence of NaCl and substrates with larger alkyl chains were better hydrolysed than their short‐chained homologues. The CalB activity was determined using two different co‐surfactants, namely the phospholipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) and the sugar surfactant decyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside (β‐C10G1). The results show the CalB activity as linear function of both enzyme and substrate concentration with an enhanced activity when the sugar surfactant is used as co‐surfactant.
Influence of Synthesis pH and Oxidative Strength of the Catalyzing Acid on the Morphology and Chemical Structure of Hydrothermal Carbon
Authors: Reiche Sylvia , Kowalew Natalia , Schlögl Robert 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA specific control of the morphology and chemical structure of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) is of crucial importance for its application, both in catalyst supports or electrochemical devices. Here we show how the morphology, that is, particles size and homogeneity, and the distribution of functional groups can be controlled by the control of the synthesis pH of the hydrothermal carbonization. A complementary analysis of liquid byproducts by HPLC provides useful information on the nature of the polymeric species produced during the poly‐condensation in the hydrothermal process and reveals the potential implementation of the process into the biorefinery concept. The acidic byproducts levulinic acid and formic acid determine the hydrothermal carbonization autocatalytically by additional supply of protons to the reaction medium. Thus, for a starting pH>3, only minor structural differences can be detected for HTC. The use of oxidizing acids favors higher yields of HTC and improves carbonization towards higher condensed carbon domains. Scaling up the process in a stirred 2 L batch reactor favors carbonization leading to higher condensed carbonaceous products. The relative trends of pH variation are maintained.
Photoelectron Circular Dichroism of Bicyclic Ketones from Multiphoton Ionization with Femtosecond Laser Pulses
Authors: Lux Christian , Wollenhaupt Matthias , Sarpe Cristian , Baumert Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Thomas Baumert and co‐workers (Institut für Physik und CINSaT Universität Kassel) and Prof. Matthias Wollenhaupt (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg). The image shows circular dichroism in the 10 % regime from randomly oriented (S)‐(−)‐camphor molecules in the gas phase observed on the 3D momentum distribution of ejected photoelectrons after three‐photon ionization with a table‐top laser set‐up. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201402643.
Selective Hydrogenation of Lactic Acid to 1,2‐Propanediol over Highly Active Ruthenium–Molybdenum Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Takeda Yasuyuki , Shoji Tomohiro , Watanabe Hideo , Tamura Masazumi , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Okumura Kazu , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractModification of Ru/C with a small amount of MoOx (RuMoOx/C) enhanced the catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of L‐lactic acid to form 1,2‐propanediol and maintained high selectivity. The turnover frequency based on the amount of Ru over the optimized RuMoOx/C catalyst (Mo/Ru molar ratio=1:16) was 114 h−1 at 393 K, which was about 4 times higher than that over Ru/C. The same effect of MoOx was obtained over RuMoOx/SiO2, although RuMoOx/SiO2 showed slightly lower activity than that of RuMoOx/C. RuMoOx/C achieved a high yield of 95 % in 18 h at 393 K and was applicable to various carboxylic acids to provide the corresponding alcohols in high yields. Modification with MoOx also brought about suppression of racemization and (S)‐1,2‐propanediol was obtained in high enantiomeric excess at 353 K. Based on kinetic analysis and characterization data, such as XRD, TEM, CO adsorption by a volumetric method, FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, for RuMoOx/C and RuMoOx/SiO2, the catalyst structure and reaction mechanism are proposed.
A meta‐epidemiological study to examine the association between bias and treatment effects in neonatal trials
Authors: Bialy Liza , Vandermeer Ben , Lacaze‐Masmonteil Thierry , Dryden Donna M. , Hartling Lisa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground:Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard for evidence on therapeutic interventions; however, they are susceptible to bias. The objectives of this observational study were to describe the methodological quality of neonatal randomized controlled trials and quantify the bias related to specific methodological and study‐level characteristics.Methods:Twenty‐five systematic reviews yielding 208 neonatal trials were included. Two independent reviewers assessed risk of bias (RoB) on seven domains consisting of nine items. For each domain, meta‐analyses with at least one high/unclear and one low risk study were included in the analysis. For the primary outcome within each meta‐analysis a ratio of odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval was generated. The ratio of odds ratios for each meta‐analysis were combined using meta‐analytic techniques with inverse‐variance weighting and a random effects model to obtain a summary ratio of odds ratio.Results:None of the studies had an overall low RoB. Most studies had a low RoB for the domain of incomplete outcome data (89%), while 63%, 55% and 46% of trials had low RoB for sequence generation, other sources of bias, and blinding of outcome assessors, respectively. For all other domains (allocation concealment, blinding of parents and investigators and selective outcome reporting), the majority of trials were assessed as unclear. Selective outcome reporting was rated as unclear RoB for 55% and high for 42% of studies. The only domain that showed a statistically significant association with the treatment effect was selective outcome reporting: trials at unclear/high risk of bias for this domain significantly overestimated the treatment effects compared with those assessed at low risk of bias (ROR = 1.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.26–2.78).Conclusions:This observational study of a sample of neonatal trials showed that most were at high risk of bias, indicating that there is room for improvement in the design, conduct and reporting of neonatal trials to ensure valid results for the most clinically important outcomes. We did not find an association between most risk of bias domains and effect estimates; however, we found that randomized controlled trials at high risk for selective outcome reporting were associated with overestimates of treatment benefits. These results need to be confirmed in larger samples.
Automatic Mode Switching Method for Torque Priority Control of IPMSM Considering Voltage Saturation
Authors: Nakama Takao , Hanada Toshihiro , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Makishima Shingo , Uezono Keiichi , Yasukawa Shinobu 
Published: December 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a new current control method for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). In the case of ac motor control, two‐axis current feedback control is performed to control the voltage amplitude and phase. When the inverter voltage is saturated, current control is achieved by controlling the voltage phase. Conventional techniques require switching the mode of the control system from variable voltage mode to voltage saturation mode. However, in the conventional techniques, transient voltage saturation occurs due to switching the control system. The proposed method achieves current control in the variable voltage mode and voltage saturation mode without switching the control system. Moreover, the current response is not affected by the rotor speed. Numerical simulation results and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed current control method.
Synthesis and Reactions of PdII Complexes with Aryl, Aroyl, and Iminoaroyl Ligands – Insertion of CO and RNC into the Pd–Ar Bond and Intermolecular Coupling of the Ligands
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Shirokawa Masanori , Yagyu Takeyoshi , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe arylpalladium(II) complexes [PdIAr(bpy)] (Ar = Ph, C6H3‐3,5‐Me2, C6H4‐4‐OMe, C6H4‐2‐OMe, C6H4‐4‐C6H4‐4‐I, 1‐naphthyl; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) undergo insertion of CO and CNR (R = tBu, C6H3‐2,6‐Me2) into the Pd–aryl bond to produce [PdI(COAr)(bpy)] and [PdI{C(=N–R)Ar}(bpy)]. The dinuclear complex [C6H3‐3,5‐{(OCH2CH2)2C6H4‐3‐PdI(bpy)}2] is synthesized by the oxidative addition reaction of 1,3‐bis[(3‐iodophenyl)‐1,4,7‐trioxaheptyl]benzene to [Pd(dba)2] (dba = dibenzylideneacetone). The addition of AgBF4 to the arylpalladium(II) complexes [PdIAr(bpy)] (Ar = C6H4‐4‐OMe, C6H4‐2‐OMe, 1‐naphthyl) produces the intermolecular coupling products of the aryl ligands, Ar–Ar. The reactions of AgBF4 with the aroylpalladium(II) complexes [PdI(COAr)(bpy)] (Ar = C6H3‐3,5‐Me2, C6H4‐2‐OMe) result in decarbonylation and intermolecular coupling of the ligands to yield the diarylketones. The iminoaroylpalladium(II) complex [PdI{C(=NtBu)C6H3‐3,5‐Me2}(bpy)] undergoes hydrolysis of the ligand to yield tBuNHCO(C6H3‐3,5‐Me2). The addition of AgBF4 to the dinuclear complex [C6H3‐3,5‐{(OCH2CH2)2C6H4‐3‐PdI(bpy)}2] yields a mixture of the cyclic oligomers cyclo‐[C6H3‐3,5‐{(OCH2CH2)2C6H4‐3‐}2]n (n = 1–4) by inter‐ and intramolecular coupling of the aryl ligands.
Three Polyoxometalate‐Based Coordination Polymers Constructed from the Same Dimetallic Cyclic Building Block
Authors: Gu Min , Ren Yuanhang , Hu Yichen , Tang Min , Kong Zuping , Yue Bin , He Heyong 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe reactions of silicotungstate, 2,5‐bis(3‐pyridyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (3‐bpo), and copper, cobalt, or nickel acetate under hydrothermal condition yield the three compounds [(SiW12O40)Cu2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2]·H2O (1), [(SiW12O40)Co2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (2), and [(SiW12O40)Ni2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2(H2O)2]·3H2O (3), respectively, in which the nicotinic acid ligands are generated from the in situ decomposition of 3‐bpo during the hydrothermal process. In the three structures, the polyoxometalate (POM) serves as the center and is imbedded within the dimetallic cyclic [M2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2]4+ moiety through coordination bonds to form infinite one‐dimensional (1D) supramolecular snadwich‐like structures. Owing to the difference in the metal ions, the packing style of [Cu2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2]4+ is different from that of [M2(3‐bpo)2(C5H4NCOOH)2]4+ (M = Co, Ni). The electrochemical behaviors of compounds 1–3 were studied by cyclic voltammetry.
Directed Functionalization of Halophenyl‐2‐oxazolines with TMPMgCl·LiCl
Authors: Batista João H. C. , dos Santos Fernanda M. , Bozzini Leandro A. , Vessecchi Ricardo , Oliveira Alfredo R. M. , Clososki Giuliano C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA variety of difunctionalized aryl‐2‐oxazolines were prepared from the reaction of halophenyl‐2‐oxazolines and TMPMgCl·LiCl to give an organomagnesium reagent, which was then treated with various electrophiles. The metalation step takes place under mild conditions, and this process allows for the isolation of the desired products in good yields. No isomeric or other benzyne‐derived products were detected. The influence of the halogen substituents on the acidity of the aromatic hydrogen atoms was evaluated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations.