bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bypass surgery for complex middle cerebral artery aneurysms: impact of the exact location in the MCA tree
Authors: Kivipelto Leena , Niemelä Mika , Meling Torstein , Lehecka Martin , Lehto Hanna , Hernesniemi Juha 
Published: November 2013

Object
The object of this study was to describe the authors' institutional experience in the treatment of complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms necessitating bypass and vessel sacrifice.

Methods
Cases in which patients with MCA aneurysms were treated with a combination of bypass and parent artery sacrifice were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
The authors identified 24 patients (mean age 46 years) who were treated with bypass and parent artery sacrifice. The aneurysms were located in the M1 segment in 7 patients, MCA bifurcation in 8, and more distally in 9. The mean aneurysm diameter was 30 mm (range 7–60 mm, median 26 mm). There were 8 saccular and 16 fusiform aneurysms.
Twenty-one extracranial-intracranial and 4 intracranial-intracranial bypasses were performed. Partial or total trapping (only) of the parent artery was performed in 17 cases, trapping with resection of aneurysm in 3, and aneurysm clipping with sacrifice of an M2 branch in 4.
The mean follow-up period was 27 months. The aneurysm obliteration rate was 100%. No recanalization of the aneurysms was detected during follow-up.
There was 1 perioperative death (4% mortality rate) and 6 cerebrovascular accidents, causing permanent morbidity in 5 patients. The median modified Rankin Scale score of patients with an M1 aneurysm increased from 0 preoperatively to 2 at latest follow-up, while the score was unchanged in other patients. Most of the permanent deficits were associated with M1 aneurysms. Twenty-one patients (88%) had good outcome as defined by a Glasgow Outcome Scale score of 4 or 5.

Conclusions
Bypass in combination with parent vessel occlusion is a useful technique with acceptable frequencies of morbidity and mortality for complex MCA aneurysms when conventional surgical or endovascular techniques are not feasible. The location of the aneurysm should be considered when planning the type of bypass and the site of vessel occlusion. Flow alteration by partial trapping may be preferable to total trapping for the M1 aneurysms.
Reduction cranioplasty with the aid of simulated computer imaging for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly
Authors: Shen Shang-Hang , Kwan Aij-Lie , Wang Bo-Liang , Guo Jian-Feng , Tan Guo-Wei , Chen Si-Fang , Liu Xi-Yao , Liu Feng , Cai Ming , Wang Zhan-Xiang 
Published: November 2013

Object
The occurrence of hydrocephalic macrocephaly is uncommon. When the condition does occur, it is usually seen in infants and young children. Patients with this disorder have an excessively enlarged head and weak physical conditions. Various surgical techniques of reduction cranioplasty for the treatment of these patients have been reported. In this study, a revised surgical procedure with the aid of simulated computer imaging for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly is presented.

Methods
Five cases of hydrocephalic macrocephaly in children ranging in age from 16 to 97 months were reviewed. These patients underwent surgical treatment at The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University over a period of 4 years from January 2007 to January 2011. After physical examination, a 3D computer imaging system to simulate the patient's postoperative head appearance and bone reconstruction was established. Afterward, for each case an appropriate surgical plan was designed to select the best remodeling method and cranial shape. Then, prior to performing reduction remodeling surgery in the patient according to the computer-simulated procedures, the surgeon practiced the bone reconstruction technique on a plaster head model made in proportion to the patient's head. In addition, a sagittal bandeau was used to achieve stability and bilateral symmetry of the remodeled cranial vault. Each patient underwent follow-up for 6–32 months.

Results
Medium-pressure ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery or shunt revision procedures were performed in each patient for treating hydrocephalus, and all patients underwent total cranial vault remodeling to reduce the cranial cavity space. Three of the 5 patients underwent a single-stage surgery, while the other 2 patients underwent total cranial vault remodeling in the first stage and the ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation 2 weeks later because of unrecovered hydrocephalus. All patients had good outcome with regard to hydrocephalus and macrocephaly.

Conclusions
There are still no standard surgical strategies for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly. Based on their experience, the authors suggest using a computer imaging system to simulate a patient's postoperative head appearance and bone reconstruction together with total cranial vault remodeling with shunt surgery in a single-stage or 2-stage procedure for the successful treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly.
Return to system within 30 days of pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Wrubel David M. , Riemenschneider Kelsie J. , Braender Corinne , Miller Brandon A. , Hirsh Daniel A. , Reisner Andrew , Boydston William , Brahma Barunashish , Chern Joshua J. 
Published: November 2013

Object
Quality assessment measures have not been well developed for pediatric neurosurgical patients. This report documents the authors' experience in extracting information from an administrative database to establish the rate of return to system within 30 days of pediatric neurosurgical procedures.

Methods
Demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical characteristics were prospectively collected in administrative, business, and operating room databases. The primary end point was an unexpected return to the hospital system within 30 days from the date of a pediatric neurosurgical procedure. Statistical methods were used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with the primary end point.

Results
There were 1358 pediatric neurosurgical procedures performed in the Children's Healthcare of Atlanta operating rooms in 2012, with 37.4% of these surgeries being preceded by admissions through the emergency department. Medicare or Medicaid was the payor for 54.9% of surgeries, and 37.6% of surgeries were shunt related. There were 148 unexpected returns to the system within 30 days after surgery, and in 109 of these cases, the patient had a presenting complaint that was attributable to the index surgery (related returns). The most common complaints were headache, nausea, vomiting, or seizure after shunt revision or cranial procedures (n = 62). The next most common reason for re-presentation was for wound concerns (n = 30). Thirty-seven of the 109 related returns resulted in a reoperation. The monthly rate of related returns was 8.1% ± 2.5% over the 12-month study period. When using related returns as the dependent variable, the authors found that patients who underwent a shunt-related surgery were both more likely to unexpectedly return to the system (OR 1.86, p = 0.008) and to require surgery upon readmission (OR 3.28, p = 0.004). Because an extended hospitalization shortened the window of time for readmission after surgery, extended length of stay was protective against return to system within 30 days of surgery. Importantly, if related and unrelated returns were analyzed together as the dependent variable (n = 148), no independent clinical and demographic risk factor could be identified.

Conclusions
Quality assessment measures need to be clearly and carefully defined, as the definition itself will impact the analytical results. Clinicians must play a leading role in the development of these measures to ensure their clinical meaningfulness.
Prospective assessment of concomitant lumbar and chronic subdural hematoma: is migration from the intracranial space involved in their manifestation?
Authors: Kokubo Rinko , Kim Kyongsong , Mishina Masahiro , Isu Toyohiko , Kobayashi Shiro , Yoshida Daizo , Morita Akio 
Published: November 2013

Object
Spinal subdural hematomas (SDHs) are rare and some are concomitant with intracranial SDH. Their pathogenesis and etiology remain to be elucidated although their migration from the intracranial space has been suggested. The authors postulated that if migration plays a major role, patients with intracranial SDH may harbor asymptomatic lumbar SDH. The authors performed a prospective study on the incidence of spinal SDH in patients with intracranial SDH to determine whether migration is a key factor in their concomitance.

Methods
The authors evaluated lumbar MR images obtained in 168 patients (125 males, 43 females, mean age 75.6 years) with intracranial chronic SDH to identify cases of concomitant lumbar SDH. In all cases, the lumbar MRI studies were performed within the 1st week after surgical irrigation of the intracranial SDH.

Results
Of the 168 patients, 2 (1.2%) harbored a concomitant lumbar SDH; both had a history of trauma to both the head and the hip and/or lumbar area. One was an 83-year-old man with prostate cancer and myelodysplastic syndrome who suffered trauma to his head and lumbar area in a fall from his bed. The other was a 70-year-old man who had hit his head and lumbar area in a fall. Neither patient manifested neurological deficits and their hematomas disappeared under observation. None of the patients with concomitant lumbar SDH had sustained head trauma only, indicating that trauma to the hip or lumbar region is significantly related to the concomitance of SDH (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
As the incidence of concomitant lumbar and intracranial chronic SDH is rare and both patients in this study had sustained a direct impact to the head and hips, the authors suggest that the major mechanism underlying their concomitant SDH was double trauma. Another possible explanation is hemorrhagic diathesis and low CSF syndrome.
Potomacapnos apeleutherongen. et sp. nov., a new Early Cretaceous angiosperm from the Potomac Group and its implications for the evolution of eudicot leaf architecture
Authors: Jud Nathan A. , Hickey Leo J. 
Published: November 2013

•Premise of the study:Eudicots diverged early in the evolution of flowering plants and now comprise more than 70% of angiosperm species. In spite of the importance of eudicots, our understanding of the early evolution of this clade is limited by a poor fossil record and uncertainty about the order of early phylogenetic branching. The study of Lower Cretaceous fossils can reveal much about the evolution, morphology, and ecology of the eudicots.•Methods:Fossils described here were collected from Aptian sediments of the Potomac Group exposed at the Dutch Gap locality in Virginia, USA. Specimens were prepared by degaging, then described and compared with leaves of relevant extant and fossil plants. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters using parsimony while constraining the tree search with the topology found through molecular phylogenetic analyses.•Key results:The new species is closely related to ranunculalean eudicots and has leaf architecture remarkably similar to some living Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae).•Conclusions:These are the oldest eudicot megafossils from North America, and they show complex leaf architecture reflecting developmental pathways unique to extant eudicots. The morphology and small size of the fossils suggest that they were herbaceous plants, as is seen in other putative early eudicots. The absence of co‐occurring tricolpate pollen at Dutch Gap either (1) reflects low preservation probability for pollen of entomophilous herbs or (2) indicates that some leaf features of extant eudicots appeared before the origin of tricolpate pollen.
La haine des origines et le refus du maternel
Authors: Barraband Maryvonne 
Published: November 2013

La haine s’origine dans l’histoire de la culture et de la famille. La haine en héritage s’apparente à des forces empruntées et s’exprime ici sous la forme de la capture imaginaire et aliénante, d’un scénario incestueux qui se répéterait de génération en génération. Elle peut être à l’origine du refus pour la femme de s’inscrire dans une filiation maternelle. À travers un exemple clinique, l’auteur explore le refus initial de la maternité : un refus qui convoque les fantasmes originaires et le lien haineux à la mère établi en partie sur un héritage de traumatismes sexuels, non symbolisés ; une identification imaginaire dont le sujet se déleste au moyen de l’identification projective. On peut reconnaître à la haine une valeur salvatrice et réorganisatrice pour la structuration du sujet quand elle est une tentative de se déprendre d’une identification à une imago haineuse. L’indication de thérapie dans un dispositif plurisubjectif est judicieuse lorsque la passion haineuse est à l’œuvre dans le couple et la famille, où certains sont l’objet de projections haineuses.
Le génogramme libre au service de l'élaboration auprès de jeunes parents à risque de maltraitance envers leur enfant
Authors: Gilbert Sophie , Lussier Véronique 
Published: November 2013

Dans un contexte de parentalité à haut risque, inscrite dans une situation de précarité à la fois psychique et sociale, et devant la reproduction d’une génération à l’autre des facteurs de risque de la maltraitance, les auteurs ont cherché, au-delà de l’apparence d’inertie et de passivité chez ces jeunes parents qui échappent aux efforts de prévention et d’intervention, à mobiliser les forces de mouvement et de désir repérables à même leur parcours de grossesses « accidentelles ». En prenant la répétition comme point nodal de l’intervention (reprise inconsciente et remise au travail de conflictualités transgénérationnelles), elles ont proposé l’implantation d’une modalité novatrice de soutien à l’élaboration auprès de ces jeunes parents en grande difficulté par l’emploi du génogramme libre inséré au cœur du suivi psychosocial régulier. À travers cet outil de représentation graphique, support à l’élaboration de fantasmatiques générationnelles, elles ont voulu créer un lieu où les jeunes parents à risque de signalement aux services de protection de l’enfance pourraient élaborer les impasses générationnelles de leur histoire et situer la nouvelle cellule familiale au sein de leur filiation.
La Chine et le changement climatique
Authors: Maréchal Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2013

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser les raisons qui expliquent le refus chinois d’accepter des engagements contraignants en matière climatique. Il met en évidence la relation entre la croissance économique chinoise de ces trente dernières années et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre du pays. Il est ainsi possible de mesurer la « contribution » chinoise au changement climatique actuel et de se faire une idée de ce que celle-ci pourrait être dans les décennies à venir. La deuxième partie de l’article met en évidence deux éléments susceptibles de conduire la Chine à réduire ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre : tout d’abord les effets désastreux de la pollution de l’air sur la santé de la population, et les perspectives économiques liées au développement des technologies vertes.
Les relations Chine-Taïwan sous la présidence de Ma Ying-jeou : l’impossible statu quo
Authors: Le Pesant Tanguy 
Published: November 2013

Depuis l’élection de Ma Ying-jeou et le retour du Kuomintang aux commandes de l’État taïwanais en 2008, les relations entre les deux rives du détroit de Formose ont connu une certaine stabilisation. La cascade d’accords signés et la libéralisation rapide des échanges conduisent certains à penser que les relations Chine-Taïwan sont désormais sur les rails d’une « unification pacifique » inexorable. Mais c’est oublier que, derrière cette apparente détente, toutes les dynamiques au cœur des tensions sont toujours à l’œuvre. Contrairement à ce que prétend Ma, sa présidence n’est caractérisée ni par la préservation du statu quo , ni par un apaisement, et encore moins par un effacement de la menace chinoise. En revanche, elle a abouti à un affaiblissement de la position de Taïwan, alors même que l’identification à un État-nation taïwanais et le rejet de l’unification se renforcent.
« Chine à tous les étages ». L'impact du voisinage de la Chine sur les transformations spatiales et sociales centrasiatiques
Authors: Laruelle Marlène , Peyrouse Sébastien 
Published: November 2013

En deux décennies, le paysage géopolitique de l’Asie centrale postsoviétique a changé en profondeur, et la Chine a joué un rôle majeur dans ces évolutions. Le voisinage chinois a laissé une empreinte nouvelle sur les sociétés centrasiatiques, à plusieurs échelles : il a modelé l’identité régionale de l’Asie centrale par le biais de l’Organisation de coopération de Shanghai et le discours sur les « routes de la soie » ; il a offert à chacun des cinq États une « Chine à la carte », contribuant à créer dans chaque pays une vision différente du voisin chinois suivant que sont mis en avant le partenariat stratégique, les coopérations économiques, ou les peurs culturelles ; il a transformé les réalités spatiales et sociales à une micro-échelle, en créant de nouvelles identités locales et sociales fondées sur la proximité avec la Chine.
‘Urban Safaris’: Looting, Consumption and Exclusion in London 2011
Authors: Casey Emma 
Published: November 2013

This paper examines the prevalence and relevance of looting for understanding the 2011 English riots. It begins by distinguishing these riots from previous British riots by arguing that although looting is by no means a new phenomena looting nevertheless became central to discussions, interpretations and recollections of the riots. The paper will explore public and media responses to the looting and will focus on the uses of looting as a means of identifying a feral underclass of people seen to be morally and culturally separate from mainstream society. By unpicking the relationships between looting and what currently stands for ‘consumer culture’, the paper will argue that looting is seen as the lowest common denominator of mob behaviour since its focus is deemed to be entirely apolitical. The paper will look towards current understandings of consumer culture to try to make sense of the looting. It will argue that whilst there is now a good deal of literature exploring the relationships between judgments of taste and the reproduction of existing class structures and barriers, there is virtually nothing examining the relationships between consumption and social exclusion. I will argue in this paper that exclusion is crucial in providing a comprehensive understanding of the looting. In particular, I suggest that Bourdieusian accounts of the effects of popular expressions of disgust at the looters can offer only a partial understanding of the looting, since they do not explain the strength of desire for consumer goods. In order to address this, the paper expands on cultural capital discourses by incorporating the concept of ‘emotional capital’ into the analysis. The paper concludes by arguing that we should not be surprised by the widespread looting that took place in August 2011 given that advanced consumer society is characterised by common feelings and emotions and that many of the looters were not part of the original riots but opportunists who took advantage of the lack of police presence.
Revisiting Jacques Gréber’s L’Architecture aux États-Unis: From City Beautiful to Cité-Jardin
Authors: Gournay Isabelle 
Published: November 2013

In 1920, Jacques Gréber published what was and still is the largest book on U.S. architecture and urban design ever issued in France. His dual agenda was to stress the impact of Beaux-Arts design methods (presenting his gardens and Philadelphia parkway as highlights of this trend), and to advocate the practical accomplishments of a pragmatic and affluent civilization. Showcasing an "edited" North American city, devoid of commercialism and filled with civic structures of great dignity and comfort, L’Architecture aux États-Unis looked back to ideals and accomplishments of the American Renaissance and ahead to the metropolitan culture of the 1920s. For the first time in France, ventures by U.S. architects in the field of civic art were acknowledged as major achievements. Gréber formulated ideas about modern North American civic centres, business districts, parks, and model suburbs that would affect his proposals for Ottawa and on his French career. His book triggered the evolution of French views of the U.S.-built environment toward greater interest and generally more positive views.
Modified shelf water on the continental slope north of Mac Robertson Land, East Antarctica
Authors: Wong Annie P. S. , Riser Stephen C. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe report on under‐ice profiling float observations of cold, dense, and oxygenated bottom layers on the continental slope of Mac Robertson Land (60°–72°E) in East Antarctica. This bottom layer water mass, with potential temperature in the range −1.8°C < θ < −0.4°C, is identified as modified shelf water. It is a downslope variety of dense water formed on the Antarctic continental shelf in winter and plays an important role in ventilating the deep Southern Ocean. The seasonal evolution of its thickness and density follows the sea ice cycle of growth and decay, reaching a maximum in October–November. The characteristics and location of this modified shelf water are similar to Cape Darnley Bottom Water, thus suggesting the same primary source in the Cape Darnley polynya region. These float data support recent results that the continental shelf along Mac Robertson Land is a significant source of dense waters in East Antarctica.
Intensity‐based source inversion of the destructive earthquake of 1694 in the southern Apennines, Italy
Authors: Sirovich Livio , Pettenati Franco , Cavallini Fabio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe inverted the regional pattern of intensities of the catastrophic earthquake of 1694 in the southern Apennines and determined the geometrical and kinematic characteristics of its source, including the double‐couple orientation (strike angle 299° ± 10°, dip 54° ± 12°, and rake 309° ± 11°; pure dip‐slip solution not precluded). The objective nonlinear inversion was performed using the simple 11 parameter kinematic‐function model (KF) with a niching genetic algorithm technique. The similarity between the pattern of the field intensities of the 1694 earthquake and the synthetic pattern is striking. This result is supported by the fact that our inversion technique was verified in the study area, where it was able to again find the source of theMs6.9 Irpinia 1980 earthquake, known from instruments and from field surveys of the rupture. This type of inversion enables researchers to exploit the extensive intensity data from Italy and other countries to extend the knowledge of seismotectonic activity to preinstrumental times. New paleoseismological evidence and even published descriptions of the fault rupture by witnesses of the 1694 earthquake were found, confirming our results. We also present and apply a new algorithm, of general interest, to calculate disorientations between double‐couples via standard linear algebra. The 3‐D rotations that bring the pairwise orthogonal unit vectors that were estimated by our intensity inversion into the instrumental triples of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake, assumed as benchmarks, provide verification of our algorithm.