bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal Electric Fields and Structural Instabilities in Insulating Transition Metal Compounds: Influence on Optical Properties
Authors: Sánchez‐Movellán I. , García‐Fernández P. , García‐Lastra J. M. , Aramburu J. A. , Moreno M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work reviews new ideas developed in the last two decades which play a key role for understanding the optical properties of insulating materials containing transition metal (TM) cations. Initially, this review deals with compounds involving d4 and d9 ions where the local structure of the involved MX6 complexes (M=dn cation, X=ligand) is never cubic but distorted, a fact widely ascribed to the Jahn‐Teller (JT) effect. Nevertheless, that assumption is often wrong as the JT coupling requires an orbitally degenerate ground state in the initial geometry a condition not fulfilled even if the lattice is tetragonal. For this reason, the equilibrium geometry of d4 and d9 complexes in low symmetry lattices, is influenced by two factors: (i) The effects, usually ignored, of the internal electric field, ER, due to the rest of lattice ions on the active electrons localized in the MX6 unit. (ii) The existence of structural instabilities driven by vibronic interactions that lead to negative force constants. As first examples of these ideas, we show that the equilibrium structure, electronic ground state of KZnF3:Cu2+, K2ZnF4:Cu2+ and K2CuF4 obey to different causes and only in KZnF3:Cu2+ the JT effect takes place. These ideas also explain the local structure and optical properties of CuF2, CrF2 or KAlCuF6 compounds where the JT effect is symmetry forbidden and those of layered copper chloroperovskites where the orthorhombic instability explains the red shift of one d−d transition under pressure. In a second step, this review explores stable systems involving d3, d5 or d9 cations, where the internal electric field, ER, is responsible for some puzzling phenomena. This is the case of ruby and emerald that surprisingly exhibit a different color despite the Cr3+‐O2− distance is the same. A similar situation holds when comparing the normal (KMgF3) and the inverted (LiBaF3) perovskites doped with Mn2+ having the same Mn2+‐F distance but clearly different optical spectra. The role of ER is particularly remarkable looking for the origin of the color in the historical Egyptian Blue pigment based on CaCuSi4O10.
Non‐overlapping placement of macro cells based on reinforcement learning in chip design
Authors: Yu Tao , Gao Peng , Wang Fei , Yuan Ru‐Yue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the increasing complexity of chip design, existing placement methods still have many shortcomings in dealing with macro cells coverage and optimization efficiency. Aiming at the problems of layout overlap, inferior performance, and low optimization efficiency in existing chip design methods, this paper proposes an end‐to‐end placement method, SRLPlacer, based on reinforcement learning. First, the placement problem is transformed into a Markov decision process by establishing the coupling relationship graph model between macro cells to learn the strategy for optimizing layouts. Secondly, the whole placement process is optimized after integrating the standard cell layout. By assessing the public benchmark ISPD2005, the proposed SRLPlacer can effectively solve the overlap problem between macro cells while considering routing congestion and shortening the total wire length to ensure routability.
Anti‐signal recognition particle antibodies induce cardiac diastolic dysfunction via oxidative stress injury
Authors: Zhang Hao , Shi Yunjing , Fan Yingze , Zhu Dehao , Qiu Zeping , Chi Huihui , Hu Qiongyi , Xie Liangzhe , Sun Yue , Liu Honglei , Cheng Xiaobing , Ye Junna , Shi Hui , Zhou Zhuochao , Meng Jianfen , Teng Jialin , Yang Chengde , Jin Wei , Su Yutong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesAnti‐signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies, markers of immune‐mediated necrotising myopathy, are reportedly related to cardiac involvement; however, whether they are pathogenic to the myocardium remains unclear. We aimed, therefore, to explore the pathogenicity of anti‐SRP antibodies against the myocardium through in vivo and in vitro studies.MethodsTotal immunoglobulin G (IgG), purified from patients with positive anti‐SRP antibodies, was passively transferred into C57BL/6 mice. Cardiac function was evaluated via echocardiography and the ventricular pressure–volume loop; cardiac histological changes were analysed using haematoxylin–eosin staining, picrosirius red staining, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was evaluated by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining; mitochondrial morphology and function were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy and seahorse mitochondrial respiration assay, respectively. The myositis cohort at our centre was subsequently reviewed in terms of cardiac assessments.ResultsAfter the passive transfer of total IgG from patients with positive anti‐SRP antibodies, C57BL/6 mice developed significant left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). Transcriptomic analysis and corresponding experiments revealed increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in the hearts of the experimental mice. Cardiomyocytes exposed to anti‐SRP‐specific IgG, however, recovered normal mitochondrial metabolism after treatment with N‐acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger. Moreover, patients positive for anti‐SRP antibodies manifested worse diastolic but equivalent systolic function compared to their counterparts after propensity score matching.ConclusionAnti‐SRP antibodies may play a pathogenic role in the development of LVDD by promoting ROS production and subsequent myocardial mitochondrial impairment. The inhibition of oxidative stress was effective in reversing anti‐SRP antibody‐induced LVDD.
Integrating open education practices with data analysis of open science in an undergraduate course
Authors: Bakermans Marja H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe open science movement produces vast quantities of openly published data connected to journal articles, creating an enormous resource for educators to engage students in current topics and analyses. However, educators face challenges using these materials to meet course objectives. I present a case study using open science (published articles and corresponding datasets) and open educational practices in a capstone course. While engaging in current topics of conservation, students trace connections in the research process, learn statistical analyses, and recreate analyses using the programming language R. I assessed the presence of best practices in open articles and datasets, examined student selection in the open grading policy, surveyed students on their perceived learning gains, and conducted a thematic analysis on student reflections. First, articles and datasets met just over half of the assessed fairness practices, which increased with the publication date. There was a marginal difference in how assessment categories were weighted by students, with reflections highlighting appreciation for student agency. In course content, students reported the greatest learning gains in describing variables, while collaborative activities (e.g., interacting with peers and instructor) were the most effective support. The most effective tasks to facilitate these learning gains included coding exercises and team‐led assignments. Autocoding of student reflections identified 16 themes, and positive sentiments were written nearly 4x more often than negative sentiments. Students positively reflected on their growth in statistical analyses, and negative sentiments focused on how limited prior experience with statistics and coding made them feel nervous. As a group, we encountered several challenges and opportunities in using open science materials. I present key recommendations, based on student experiences, for scientists to consider when publishing open data to provide additional educational benefits to the open science community.
Comparative adult preference–larval performance relationship between a specialist and a generalist tephritid: Implication for predicting field host‐range
Authors: Lauciello Noémie , Mille Christian Gilbert , Hafsi Abir , Jacob Vincent , Duyck Pierre‐François 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhytophagous insects differ in their degree of specialization to their host plants. It ranges from monophagous or oligophagous species that can only develop on a single host plant, or family of host plants, to extremely polyphagous species that can develop on plants from many distinct botanical families. The aim of this study was to compare the larval performance and adult preference of a highly generalist species, the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) and a highly specialist species, the breadfruit fruit fly (B. umbrosa) among several fruits covering both species' host range. (i) larval performance was tested on 16 fruit species, and (ii) a female preference was tested on a subset of five fruit species. In addition, (iii) a field survey was carried out on 11 fruit species. B. umbrosa infested only Artocarpus fruits in the field. Accordingly, B. umbrosa larvae survived and developed only on fruits belonging to the Artocarpus genus. Female B. umbrosa did not lay their eggs on non‐Artocarpus fruits, except Terminalia catappa. Female B. tryoni, on the other hand, made little selection between the fruits tested, and its larvae developed on 13 of the 16 fruit species tested. The larval performance of both species, adjusted when tested by female preference, predicted in large part the fruit infestation in the field. These data are essential to better estimate invasion risk where the species are not established.
Effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene combined with modified atmosphere on postharvest quality and cell wall metabolism of Zizania latifolia
Authors: Wu Kunlin , Niu Ben , Han Yanchao , Fang Xiangjun , Liu Ruiling , Chen Huizhi , Chen Hangjun , Wu Weijie , Gao Haiyan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring postharvest storage, the metabolism of cell wall components greatly affects the quality of fruits and vegetables. Utilizing 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) as an ethylene receptor inhibitor and modified atmosphere (MA) separately or in combination (1‐MCP+MA) were investigated for their impact on Zizania latifolia quality during postharvest storage. The treatments effectively controlled firmness increase, color degradation, and reductions in soluble protein, reducing sugar, total phenol, and ascorbic acid content, with the combined 1‐MCP+MA showing the most significant effect. These treatments also moderately changed soluble pectin, protopectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose content, preserving the activities of essential enzymes and the expression of enzyme genes. The combined treatment particularly demonstrated superior preservation capabilities, holding promise for reducing postharvest losses and maintain the storage quality of edible produce, offering insights for efficient postharvest storage and freshness maintenance of fruits and vegetables.
Clinical phenotypes of heart failure patients with supranormal ejection fraction
Authors: Huang Liyan , Feng Jiayu , Zhai Mei , Huang Yan , Zhou Qiong , Zhang Yuhui , Zhang Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsHeart failure (HF) with supranormal ejection fraction (HFsnEF) represents a distinct clinical entity characterized by limited treatment options and an unfavourable prognosis. Revealing its phenotypic diversity is crucial for understanding disease mechanism and optimizing patient management. We aim to identify phenotypic subgroups in HFsnEF using unsupervised clustering analysis.MethodsConsecutive hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of HF and a left ventricular ejection fraction ≥65% at baseline echocardiographic evaluations were included for analysis. We conducted unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis on principal components (HCPC) to identify HFsnEF phenogroups using mixed data variables including demographics, HF duration, vital signs, anthropometrics, smoking/drinking status, HF aetiology, comorbid diseases, laboratory tests and echocardiographic parameters. We then employed decision tree modelling to identify parameters capable of distinguishing distinct clusters. Clinical outcomes, including all‐cause death, cardiovascular (CV) death and CV readmission for different clusters, were examined.ResultsThree mutually exclusive clusters were identified from the cohort of 221 HFsnEF patients. Cluster 1 (52.5%) predominantly consisted of patients with valvular heart disease, who had larger cardiac chambers and a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter. Cluster 2 (26.2%) primarily comprised older ischaemic patients with a higher prevalence of metabolic comorbidities. Cluster 3 (21.3%) were mainly hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients. Two clinical variables were identified that could be used to group all HFsnEF patients into one of the clusters; they were HF aetiology and comorbid diabetes. During the median follow‐up of 53.4 months, 46 (20.8%) all‐cause deaths occurred, among them 39 of CV causes. Seventy (31.7%) patients experienced CV readmissions. Three clusters showed distinct differences in mortality outcomes, with Cluster 1 exhibiting the highest risk of all‐cause mortality [Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.32, P = 0.022; Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 3.81, P = 0.036; Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 1.15, P = 0.865] and CV mortality (Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2: aHR = 3.73, P = 0.022; Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 4.27, P = 0.020; Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 1.15, P = 0.870). CV readmission risk was comparable among the three clusters (Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 2: aHR = 0.82, P = 0.590; Cluster 1 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 1.04, P = 0.900; Cluster 2 vs. Cluster 3: aHR = 1.28, P = 0.580).ConclusionsIn a heterogeneous HFsnEF cohort, three clusters were identified by unsupervised HCPC with distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes.
How to find the best sampling design: A new measure of spatial balance
Authors: Prentius Wilmer , Grafström Anton 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a novel measure to assess the spatial balance of a sample by utilizing the balancing equation, which captures the balance between the sample units and their neighbours. Spatially balanced samples are desirable as they may reduce the variance of an estimator of a population parameter. If the auxiliary variables we employ to spread the sample possess high explanatory power for the variable(s) of interest, the resulting reduction in variance can be substantial. An advantageous aspect of using auxiliary variables is that their availability is not contingent upon the sampling effort. Therefore, we can assess and compare sampling designs before committing resources to full‐scale surveys. By comparing the proposed measure with commonly used measures of spatial balance, we ascertain that our measure consistently yields meaningful insights regarding the spatial balance of samples. Consequently, our measure can effectively differentiate between various designs when planning a survey, evaluate the potential gains from replacing an existing sample, and determine which non‐responding units would contribute the most to enhancing the set of responding units.
Memory compromise at extended delays in people with new‐onset epilepsy
Authors: Pugh Remy , Vaughan David N. , Jackson Graeme D. , Ponsford Jennie , Tailby Chris 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveMemory is one of the most sensitive markers of cognitive compromise in people with new‐onset epilepsy. Nonetheless, around half of these cases score within the normal range on standard memory testing. Here we explore whether memory retention at a 1‐week delay reveals otherwise undetected memory compromise in such individuals, and how it relates to subjective memory complaints and mood.MethodsUsing a prospective design, 38 adults with new‐onset epilepsy underwent baseline memory screening via telephone using an abbreviated Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Psychological screening occurred via online questionnaires. One week later, without forewarning, participants completed three follow‐up memory tasks. Of particular focus, we explored longer‐term memory performances and forgetting trajectories in those individuals (n = 23) who demonstrated normal memory performances (scores >10th percentile) at baseline (30‐min delay). Outcomes were compared to 32 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and education.ResultsAs a group, people with epilepsy performed worse than controls on all memory measures, with 44 percent impaired at baseline testing. Of those unimpaired at baseline, the rate and volume of information loss over 1 week was significantly greater than for controls. Contextual memory performance at 1 week was also significantly poorer for people with epilepsy. At the individual level, the prevalence of impaired forgetting was not significantly different between patients and controls. Subjective memory complaints were not related to any objective tests but were strongly related to self‐reported mood and anxiety symptoms.SignificancePeople with new‐onset epilepsy show reduced memory at short and extended intervals. For those showing normal memory at baseline, information does appear to be forgotten more quickly than in healthy controls, though the effect is not large. The findings indicate that while extended delay memory testing is not essential in all new epilepsy cases, it could provide useful information for particular individuals.Plain Language StatementMemory problems are common in people with epilepsy shortly after seizure onset, however, many individuals still show normal memory performances on standard neuropsychological testing. Through testing memory at an extended timepoint (1 week), our study found that on average, these individuals showed a slightly quicker rate of forgetting over a 1‐week period than people without a brain condition. Self‐reported memory complaints in people with new epilepsy were unrelated to their actual memory skills on testing at short and long timepoints but were rather linked to lower mood and quality of life.
Importance of vegetation in riverbank resilience: An experimental approach
Authors: Barman Jyotirmoy , Kumar Bimlesh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFloodplain (FP) vegetation determines the flow structures in river channels based on its shape, type, spacing and root‐soil binding capacity. The present study focuses on experimental approach to understand the role of FP vegetation in determining the flow patterns and morphological changes in the channels. Flow properties like streamwise and transverse velocity, along with secondary flow and turbulent kinetic energy, were compared between rectangular and compound channels considering partial vegetation cover. The presence and absence of dip phenomenon in the main channel (MC) of compound and rectangular channel respectively suggest that the dip phenomenon is influenced by both vegetation emergence in FPs and differential cross‐sectional depths of compound channels. The secondary flow direction in the slopes and MC of compound channel is towards the FP region which is opposite to that observed in rectangular channel where secondary flow is towards MC showing the effect of non‐uniform cross‐section of compound channels. The morphological changes were analysed by performing experiments in unsymmetrical erodible riverbank channels with bankfull condition considering artificial rigid FP vegetation (Phragmites karka) and naturally growing flexible vegetation (Oryza sativa). After more than 24 h of continuous experimental runs, the O. sativa remains intact in the soil because of development of strong root‐soil bond whereas; all the P. karka gets uprooted. The channel cross‐section in the downstream channel becomes almost uniform for P. karka, whereas differential cross‐sectional height is observed for O. sativa. This study shows that along with the shapes and size of vegetation, root‐soil binding capacity also determines the morphological changes in river channels. Furthermore, it also shows the importance of growing vegetation in the laboratory to properly simulate vegetation observed in river channels.
Sublethal Imidacloprid Administration to Honey Bee Workers is More Lethal to the Queen Larvae
Authors: Chen Yun-Ru , Tzeng David T. W. , Lin Shih-Shun , Yang En-Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Imidacloprid and other neonicotinoid insecticides severely impact the performance and survival of honey bees and other pollinators. In the present study, we focused on the gene expression profile of newly emerged Apis mellifera queen bees after sublethal imidacloprid treatment during the larval stage. Royal jelly containing 1 ppb imidacloprid was provided to larvae for 3 consecutive days (2–4 days postemergence). Queen larvae treated with imidacloprid showed lower capping and emergence rates (35.5% and 24.22%, respectively) than did control larvae (61.68% and 52.95%, respectively), indicating a high failure rate of queen rearing associated with imidacloprid exposure during the larval stage. The molecular response to imidacloprid treatment was examined next. By comparing the gene expression profiles of imidacloprid-treated queen larvae and those of control queen larvae using DESeq2, we identified 215 differentially expressed genes, with 105 and 111 up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Gene Ontology results indicated that chitin binding– and calcium ion binding–related genes were upregulated, while phototransduction- and visual perception–related genes were downregulated. The high mortality rate and altered gene expression profiles suggest that treatment with even 1 ppb imidacloprid can severely impact queen bee survival. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2232–2242. © 2024 SETAC