bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Ciclovia” in San Francisco: Characteristics and Physical Activity Behavior of Sunday Streets Participants
Authors: Zieff Susan G. , Kim Mi-Sook , Wilson Jackson , Tierney Patrick 
Published: February 2014

Background:Temporary parks such as the monthly event, Sunday Streets SF, support public health goals by using existing infrastructure and street closures to provide physical activity in neighborhoods underserved for recreational resources. Sunday Streets creates routes to enhance community connection.Methods:Six hundred and thirty-nine participants at 3 Sunday Streets events were surveyed using a 36-item instrument of open- and closed-ended questions about overall physical activity behavior, physical activity while at Sunday Streets, experience of the events, and demographic data.Results:Overall, Sunday Streets participants are physically active (79% engage in activity 3–7 days/week) and approximately represent the ethnic minority distribution of the city. There were significant differences between first-time attendees and multiple-event attendees by duration of physical activity at the event (55.83 minutes vs. 75.13 minutes) and by frequency of physical activity bouts per week (3.69 vs. 4.22). Both groups emphasized the positive experience and safe environment as reasons to return to the event; for first-time attendees, the social environment was another reason to return.Conclusions:Temporary parks like Sunday Streets have the potential to provide healthful, population-wide physical activity using existing streets. The trend toward increased activity by multiple-event attendees suggests the importance of a regular schedule of events.
Independent and Combined Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Fatness With Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Brazilian Youth
Authors: Bergmann Gabriel Gustavo , de Araújo Bergmann Mauren Lúcia , Hallal Pedro C. 
Published: February 2014

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and combined influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), body mass index (BMI) and percentage of fat (% fat) on total cholesterol (TC) and blood pressure (BP) in male and female youth.Methods:1442 (721 girls) children and adolescents aged 7–12 years were randomly selected. CRF, BMI, % fat (predictor variables), TC, systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; outcome variables) were measured. Using standardized cut-off points, we created categories for each variable. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to test the independent influence of predictors on outcomes.Results:The prevalence of increased TC, SBP, and DBP were 34.4% (95% CI 31.9–37.0), 9.1% (95% CI 7.5–10.6), and 15.5% (95% CI 13.5–17.4), respectively. In multivariable analyses, CRF was a significant predictor of all outcome variables (P < .05). BMI was associated with SBP and DBP (P < .05) and % fat was associated only with SBP (P < .05). CRF had stronger associations with TC than BMI, whereas the opposite was observed for SBP and DBP.Conclusions:CRF and BMI are independently associated to TC and BP in male and female youth, and individuals unfit/overweight have greater likelihood of presenting these risk factors.
Comparing Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy at Different Levels of Physical Activity
Authors: Jia Haomiao , Lubetkin Erica I. 
Published: February 2014

Background:Physical activity is a determinant of health which has been shown to impact both morbidity and mortality. This study compares quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) according to different levels of physical activity.Methods:This study estimated health-related quality of life from the 2001–2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and then applied these estimates to the life tables to calculate QALE for individuals who engaged in 4 categories of physical activity–vigorous, moderate only, leisure-time only, and inactive.Results:The QALE at 18 years old was 58.4, 54.0, 54.2, and 47.0 years for individuals who reported vigorous activity, moderate activity, leisure-time activity, and inactivity, respectively. The QALE for inactive white females was 9.2 years less than the QALE for white females who engaged in some physical activity, the most among the 4 sex-by-race groups; this was followed by white males (7.8 years), Black females (6.7 years), and Black males (6.0 years).Conclusions:This study demonstrates the incremental improvement of individuals’ life expectancy and QALE with increases in physical activity. These findings could be of assistance to clinicians in motivating patients to become more active and public health officials and policymakers evaluating intervention programs designed to promote physical activity.
Predictors of Physical Activity 6 Months Postintervention in the Active for Life Initiative
Authors: Baruth Meghan , Wilcox Sara 
Published: February 2014

Background:Understanding who is most and least likely to remain active after the completion of physical activity (PA) interventions can assist in developing more targeted and effective programs to enhance prolonged behavior change. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of meeting PA recommendations 6 months postintervention in participants enrolled in Active for Life.Methods:Participants from 2 behavioral PA programs [158 Active Choices (AC); 1025 Active Living Every Day (ALED)] completed surveys 6 months after completion of the active intervention. Analyses examined predictors of meeting PA recommendations at follow-up.Results:The following were significant predictors: In ALED: self-report health status, satisfaction with body function, and self-efficacy at baseline; PA status at posttest; changes in self-efficacy, perceived stress, and satisfaction with body function and appearance from baseline to posttest. In AC: PA status at posttest.Conclusions:The ultimate goal of health promotion programs is to teach the behavioral skills necessary to sustain behavior change once an active intervention is complete. The findings from this study suggest that predicting PA behavior after cessation of PA interventions may not be straightforward, and predictor variables may operate differently in different intervention approaches.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity and Care-Seeking Behavior Among Employed Adults
Authors: Katz Abigail Sherman , Pronk Nicolaas Petrus 
Published: February 2014

Background:Physical activity is regarded an important health behavior. Routine doctor visits, dentist visits, and willingness to seek phone advice from a nurse are considered important care-seeking behaviors (ie, behaviors that reflect the way in which people seek and access health care delivery resources available to them). Employers promote physical activity as well as care-seeking behavior to protect and promote health, optimize productivity, and manage health care costs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between physical activity and 3 care-seeking behaviors among a sample of 5500 employed adults.Methods:Data were obtained from employee health assessments. Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between physical activity and care-seeking behavior.Results:Physical activity was positively associated with all 3 measures of care-seeking behavior: doctor visits (P < .001), dentist visits (P < .001), and willingness to seek phone advice from a nurse (P < .05). For individuals reporting chronic conditions, physical activity was negatively associated with doctor visits for the condition (P < .05) and positively associated with self-perceived health (P < .001).Conclusions:Physical activity is associated with important care-seeking behaviors for employees with and without chronic conditions.
Active Commuting and Sociodemographic Factors Among University Students in Spain
Authors: Molina-García Javier , Sallis James F. , Castillo Isabel 
Published: February 2014

Background:Commuting to university represents an opportunity to incorporate physical activity (walking or biking) into students’ daily routines. There are few studies that analyze patterns of transport in university populations. This cross-sectional study estimated energy expenditure from active commuting to university (ACU) and examined sociodemographic differences in findings.Methods:The sample included 518 students with a mean age of 22.4 years (59.7% female) from 2 urban universities in Valencia, Spain. Time spent in each mode of transport to university and sociodemographic factors was assessed by self-report.Results:Nearly 35% of the students reported walking or biking as their main mode of transport. ACU (min/wk) were highest for walkers (168) and cyclists (137) and lowest for motorbike riders (0.0) and car drivers (16). Public transport users, younger students, low socioeconomic status students, and those living ≤ 2 km from the university had higher energy expenditure from active commuting than comparison groups. Biking was highest among those living 2–5 km from the university.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that active commuting and public transit use generated substantial weekly energy expenditure, contributed to meeting physical activity recommendations, and may aid in obesity prevention.
Changes in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in a Randomized Trial of an Internet-Based Versus Workbook-Based Family Intervention Study
Authors: Catenacci Victoria , Barrett Christopher , Odgen Lorraine , Browning Ray , Schaefer Christine Adele , Hill James , Wyatt Holly 
Published: February 2014

Background:The America on the Move (AOM) Family Intervention Program has been shown to prevent excess weight gain in overweight children. Providing intervention materials via the internet would have the potential to reach more families but may increase sedentary behavior. The purpose was to evaluate whether delivering the AOM Family Intervention via the internet versus printed workbook would have a similar impact on sedentary behaviors in children.Methods:131 children (age 8–12) were randomized to receive the AOM Family Intervention via the internet or workbook for 12 weeks. Changes in objectively measured sedentary time and moderate-to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as well as self-reported screen time were compared between groups.Results:There were no significant differences between groups in screen time, sedentary time, or MVPA at the end of the 12 week intervention. Families receiving the intervention via the internet were more likely to remain in the study (98% vs. 82%, P = .016).Conclusions:Using the internet to deliver the lifestyle intervention did not increase sedentary behavior in children. Attrition rates were lower when the program was delivered by internet versus via printed materials. These results provide support for using the internet to deliver healthy lifestyle programs for children.
Cadence, Energy Expenditure, and Gait Symmetry During Music-Prompted and Self-Regulated Walking in Adults With Unilateral Transtibial Amputation
Authors: Rowe David A. , McMinn David , Peacock Leslie , Buis Arjan W. P. , Sutherland Rona , Henderson Emma , Hewitt Allan 
Published: February 2014

Background:Walking cadence has shown promise for estimating walking intensity in healthy adults. Auditory cues have been shown to improve gait symmetry in populations with movement disorders. We investigated the walking cadence-energy expenditure relationship in unilateral transtibial amputees (TTAs), and the potential of music cues for regulating walking cadence and improving gait symmetry.Methods:Seventeen unilateral TTAs performed 2 5-min treadmill walking trials, followed by 2 5-min overground walking trials (self-regulated “brisk” intensity, and while attempting to match a moderate-tempo digital music cue).Results:Walking cadence significantly (P < .001) and accurately (R2 = .55, SEE = 0.50 METs) predicted energy expenditure, and a cadence of 86 steps·min−1 was equivalent to a 3-MET intensity. Although most participants were able to match cadence to prescribed music tempo, gait symmetry was not improved during the music-guided condition, compared with the self-regulated condition.Conclusions:This is the first study to investigate the utility of walking cadence for monitoring and regulating walking intensity in adults with lower limb prosthesis. Cadence has similar or superior accuracy as an indicator of walking intensity in this population, compared with the general population, and adults with a unilateral TTA are capable of walking at moderate intensity and above for meaningful bouts of time.
Associations Between Behavior Regulation, Competence, Physical Activity, and Health for Adolescent Females
Authors: Craike Melinda Jane , Polman Remco , Eime Rochelle , Symons Caroline , Harvey Jack , Payne Warren 
Published: February 2014

Background:This study investigated the association between the different types of behavior regulation and competence on sport and physical activity (PA) and perceived health, and the influence of school year level (ie, year 7 and year 11) and setting (ie, metropolitan and rural) on these relationships.Methods:A cross sectional self-complete survey was conducted. Competence was measured using the 5-item perceived competence subscale of the 21-item Athletic Identity Questionnaire (AIQ); behavior regulation was measured using a modified version of the Behavior Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2); PA was measured using an item to assess if adolescents are meeting recommended levels of PA; and perceived health was measured using the Short Form 1 (SF-1).Results:This study included 732 participants, 71.2% from metropolitan schools, and 66.8% in year 7. Self-determined behavior regulation and competence were positively associated with PA and health. Intrinsic motivation was more strongly related to older adolescents’ PA than it was for younger adolescents. Behavior regulators and competence were more strongly associated with health than PA.Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that strategies that enhance intrinsic motivation and PA competence may improve the health of adolescent females; enhancing these may lead to greater health regardless of level of PA.
Light-Intensity Physical Activity Is Associated With Insulin Resistance in Elderly Japanese Women Independent of Moderate- to Vigorous-Intensity Physical Activity
Authors: Gando Yuko , Murakami Haruka , Kawakami Ryoko , Tanaka Noriko , Sanada Kiyoshi , Tabata Izumi , Higuchi Mitsuru , Miyachi Motohiko 
Published: February 2014

Background:It is unclear whether light physical activity is beneficially associated with insulin resistance, similar to moderate and/or vigorous physical activity. This cross-sectional study was performed to determine the relationship between the amount of light physical activity, as determined with a triaxial accelerometer, and insulin resistance.Methods:A total of 807 healthy men and women participated in this study. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer worn for 28 days and summarized as light intensity (1.1–2.9 METs) or moderate to vigorous intensity (≥ 3.0 METs). Insulin resistance was evaluated by HOMA_R (FPG [mg/dL] × IRI [μU/mL]/405).Results:The daily time spent in light physical activity was inversely associated with HOMA_R (r = –0.173, P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the association between light physical activity and HOMA_R remained statistically significant (β = –0.119, P < .05). Light physical activity remained significantly associated with HOMA_R following further adjustment for moderate to vigorous intensity activity (β = –0.125, P < .05). Similar results were observed when light physical activity was modeled as quartiles, especially in elderly women.Conclusions:These cross-sectional data suggest that light-intensity physical activity is beneficially associated with insulin resistance in elderly Japanese women.
Universal mass limits on gluino and third-generation squarks in the context of Natural-like SUSY spectra
Authors: Buchmueller O. , Marrouche J. 
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we present results based on a combination of four inclusive topology searches for supersymmetry (SUSY) from the CMS experiment, and use this to determine universal mass limits on gluino and third-generation squarks in the context of Natural-like SUSY spectra. This class of sparticle spectra is inspired by the argument of naturalness, which originates from both consideration of fine-tuning arguments, and the need to satisfy current experimental search constraints. The class of Natural-like SUSY spectra considered follows the typical Natural SUSY model made up of a gluino, third-generation squarks, and higgsino sparticles, but is extended to more complex spectra containing sleptons. We show that the limits obtained from the combination of inclusive topology searches are far more stable than those from individual searches, with respect to the assumed underlying complexity of the spectra, and hence these limits can be considered as universal mass limits on gluino and third-generation squarks, defined in the context of this broad class of Natural-like SUSY spectra. Furthermore, we present our results using a simple colour scheme that allows a straightforward interpretation of any Natural-like SUSY spectrum with our limits. Complementing the final results of the 2011 searches based on 5 fb-1 of integrated luminosity, with the first published results from 2012 searches using approximately 11 fb-1, we find that gluinos with a mass of [Formula: see text] and third-generation top and bottom squarks with masses of [Formula: see text] are excluded for low masses of the lightest SUSY particle (LSP). These limits weaken to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], when the mass of the LSP is increased to several hundred GeV. Based on this result, we establish a prediction of how these limits might evolve when the full 2012 dataset is analysed, with both the CMS and ATLAS experiments combined. This outlook suggests that for low masses of the LSP, gluinos with a mass of [Formula: see text] and third-generation squarks with masses of [Formula: see text] are likely to be excluded. For high LSP masses, these limits are expected to decrease to [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Therefore, despite the fact that the LHC already probes a significant region of the SUSY parameter space, Natural SUSY scenarios based on rather stringent fine-tuning requirements may not be fully excluded by the data taken so far. This suggests that additional data is needed, to be recorded during the higher energy running of the LHC expected in 2015. The importance of combining relevant inclusive topology searches, in order to make the most universal interpretations possible, is a general recommendation for future experimental searches at the LHC.
Associative Recognition Processes Are Modulated by Modality Relations
Authors: Tibon Roni , Ben-Zvi Shir , Levy Daniel A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Although memory of episodic associations is generally considered to be recollective in nature, it has been suggested that when stimuli are experienced as a unit, familiarity-related processes might contribute to their subsequent associative recognition. Furthermore, intradomain associations are believed to be unitized more readily than interdomain associations. To assess these claims, we tested associative recognition following two types of pair associate learning. In the unimodal task, stimulus pairs were pictures of common objects, whereas in the cross-modal task, stimulus pairs consisted of an object picture and an unrelated environmental sound. At test, participants discriminated intact from recombined pairs while ERPs were recorded. In the unimodal task only, associative recognition was accompanied by a robust frontal deflection reminiscent of a component commonly interpreted as related to familiarity processes. In contrast, ERP correlates of associative recognition observed at more posterior sites, akin to a component that has been related to recollection, were apparent in both tasks. These findings indicate that retrieval of unimodal associations can be supported by familiarity-related processes that are dissociable from recollective processes required for the retrieval of cross-modal associations.
Brain Mechanisms of Successful Recognition through Retrieval of Semantic Context
Authors: Flegal Kristin E. , Marín-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Ragland J. Daniel , Ranganath Charan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Episodic memory is associated with the encoding and retrieval of context information and with a subjective sense of reexperiencing past events. The neural correlates of episodic retrieval have been extensively studied using fMRI, leading to the identification of a “general recollection network” including medial temporal, parietal, and prefrontal regions. However, in these studies, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of context retrieval from recollection. In this study, we used fMRI to determine the extent to which the recruitment of regions in the recollection network is contingent on context reinstatement. Participants were scanned during a cued recognition test for target words from encoded sentences. Studied target words were preceded by either a cue word studied in the same sentence (thus congruent with encoding context) or a cue word studied in a different sentence (thus incongruent with encoding context). Converging fMRI results from independently defined ROIs and whole-brain analysis showed regional specificity in the recollection network. Activity in hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex was specifically increased during successful retrieval following congruent context cues, whereas parietal and prefrontal components of the general recollection network were associated with confident retrieval irrespective of contextual congruency. Our findings implicate medial temporal regions in the retrieval of semantic context, contributing to, but dissociable from, recollective experience.
Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens and Amygdala Underlies Individual Differences in Prosocial and Individualistic Economic Choices
Authors: Haruno Masahiko , Kimura Minoru , Frith Christopher D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Much decision-making requires balancing benefits to the self with benefits to the group. There are marked individual differences in this balance such that individualists tend to favor themselves whereas prosocials tend to favor the group. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this difference has important implications for society and its institutions. Using behavioral and fMRI data collected during the performance of the ultimatum game, we show that individual differences in social preferences for resource allocation, so-called “social value orientation,” is linked with activity in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala elicited by inequity, rather than activity in insula, ACC, and dorsolateral pFC. Importantly, the presence of cognitive load made prosocials behave more prosocially and individualists more individualistically, suggesting that social value orientation is driven more by intuition than reflection. In parallel, activity in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala, in response to inequity, tracked this behavioral pattern of prosocials and individualists. In addition, we conducted an impunity game experiment with different participants where they could not punish unfair behavior and found that the inequity-correlated activity seen in prosocials during the ultimatum game disappeared. This result suggests that the accumbens and amygdala activity of prosocials encodes “outcome-oriented emotion” designed to change situations (i.e., achieve equity or punish). Together, our results suggest a pivotal contribution of the nucleus accumbens and amygdala to individual differences in sociality.