bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorverbindungen ungewöhnlicher Koordination, 3 [1] Vergleich des Cycloadditonsverhaltens von Diphenylketen und Triphenylphosphen / Phosphorus Compounds with Unusual Coordination, 3 [1] Comparison of the Cycloaddition Behaviour of Diphenylketene and Triphenylphosphene
Authors: Regitz Manfred , Urgast Klaus , Maas Gerhard 
Published: March 2015

Triphenylphosphene (3b), generated thermally or photochemically from 1b, undergoes olefination reaction with 4.5-benzotropone (6) to yield 1-(diphenylmethylen)-4.5-benzocycloheptatriene (9); the oxaphosphetane 7b is assumed to be the intermediate of this reaction. In an analogous way, 4-pyrone (15) is transformed into 4-(diphenylmethylen)pyrane (16). Corresponding olefination behaviour is observed in the reactions of 6 and 15 with diphenylketene.
In the reaction of tetracyclone (20) with diphenylketene (3a), the olefination sequence leads to the formation of (diphenylmethylen)tetraphenylcyclopentadiene (21) via betain 22a and the cycloadduct 23a. The spirocyclic reaction product 26a probably arises from the same betain - like intermediate (22 a → 25 a → 26 a). The analogy in triphenylphosphene reactivity towards 20 is restricted to the [2+8]-cycloaddition step (formation of 26b)
Bis-und Tris-aluminiumalkan-Verbindungen als Zwischenprodukte bei der Auflösung von Aluminium mit Olefinen in Gegenwart von Aluminiumtrichlorid oder Alkylaluminiumdichlorid /Bis-and Tris-aluminum-alkane Compounds as Intermediates During the Dissolution of Aluminum Metal with Olefins in the Presence of Aluminum Trichloride or Alkyl Aluminum Dichloride
Authors: Martin Heinz , Bretinger Helmut 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Aluminum can be dissolved by ethylene in the presence of aluminum trichloride to form primarily bis-(dichloro-aluminum)-ethanes (1) and (2) or in the presence of ethyl aluminum dichloride to form chloro-aluminum-ethyl-(dichloroaluminum)-ethane (3) and/or a tris-aluminum compound Cl2A1-C2H4-Al(Cl)-C2H4-Al(Cl)Et (4). 1-4 react further with olefins, with elimination of alkyl aluminum dichloride and/or dialkyl aluminum chloride, which are practically inert towards olefins. The C2H4 -bridge is available to the growth and displacement reaction with olefins.
Kupplungsreaktionen von Diazoniumsalzen mit 3-tert-Butoxy- 1,6-methano[10]annulen und Röntgenstrukturanalyse eines Vertreters /Coupling Reactions of Diazonium Salts with 3-tert-Butoxy-1,6-methano[10]annulene and X-Ray Structure Analysis of one Compound
Authors: Neidlein Richard , Gottfried Reiner , Gieren Alfred , Kaerlein Carsten-P. , Hübner Thomas 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The syntheses of 5a-c by coupling reactions of 3-tert-butoxy-1,6-methano[10]annulene with different aryldiazonium salts as well as their spectroscopic properties are described; an X-ray structure analysis of 5c is reported.
Preparation of Haloselenium and Halotellurium Trithiocarbonates
Authors: Kato Shinzi , Kaga Kouichi , Ishida Masaru , Murai Toshiaki 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Selenium (1) and tellurium bis(trithiocarbonates) (2) were found to react with bromine and iodine to give the corresponding haloselenium (11) and halotellurium trithiocarbonates (7, 8). Reaction of 2 with excess of bromine give tribromotellurium trithiocarbonates (9).
Pentakoordiniertes Silicium: Intramolekulare Koordination bei O-Fluorsilylderivaten von N.N-disubstituierten Aminoethanolen bzw. N-fluorsilylsubstituierten Derivaten des Trimethylethylendiamins/Penta-co-ordinate Silicon: Intramolecular Coordination of O-Fluorosilyl Derivatives of N.N-Disubstituted Aminoethanols and of N-Fluorosilyl Substituted Derivatives of Trimethylethylenediamine
Authors: Krebs Roland , Schomburg Dietmar , Schmutzler Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Tetrafluorosilane and phenyltrifluorosilane react with the O-trimethylsilyl derivatives of N.N-disubstituted aminoethanols and with the N-trimethylsilyl derivative of N.N.N′-trimethylethylene diamine to give the corresponding monosubstituted fluorosilyl compounds in which, on the basis of 19F NMR spectroscopic studies, intramolecular N -Si bonding raises the coordination number of silicon from four to five (i.e. λ4Si -> λ5Si). The low temperature 19F NMR data suggest a trigonal-bipyramidal configuration at λ5 Si with an axial N -Si coordinate bond.
Untersuchungen an quartären Pyridinium-Salzen, XVII Cyclopeptidartige Verbindungen aus Salzen von Nikotinoylaminosäureamiden/Investigations of Quaternary Pyridinium Salts, XVII Cyclopeptide-like Substances from Salts of the Amides of Nicotinoylamino Acids
Authors: Gündel Wolf-H. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The amides of nicotinoylamino acids were prepared and alkylated to the quaternary salts 1f-n. The α-amino acid moiety in 1 is S configurated. The salts 1 cyclise under the influence of base to give the cyclopeptide-like substances 4, 5 and 7, with seven-or fourteen (sixteen, eighteen-) membered rings, respectively.
Notizen: Epoxide Assisted Displacement of Triflyl Group by Fluoride Ion. An Efficient Approach to Fluorodeoxy Sugars
Authors: Latif Farzana , Malik Abdul , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Displacement of triflyl group by fluoride ion in benzyl 2,3-anhydro sugars leads with stereochemical inversion to fluorodeoxy sugars, providing a general method for the introduction of fluorine in the neighbourhood of oxirane ring in anhydro sugars. This procedure is mild, convenient, and does not experience difficulties which sometime are encountered in nucleophilic fluoride displacements in carbohydrate systems.
Studien zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, 76 [1]. Der anomale Verlauf der Elektroreduktion von Cumarin mit Lithium als Leitsalzkation: Versuche zur Reaktionslenkung durch Mediatoren / Studies on the Occurrence of Hydrogen Transfer, 76 [1] The Anomal Course of the Electroreduction of Coumarine with Supporting Electrolyts Containing Li+: Experiments to Influence the Reaction by Mediators
Authors: Horner Leopold , Franz Christoph 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In contradiction to the experience the hydrodimer is formed as the main product in the electroreduction of coumarine using lithium compounds as a supporting electrolyt. It is assumed that the lithium ions are coordinated internally with the radicalanion A resp. B derived from coumarine. In this way the hydrodimerization is favoured. From 18 different compounds added as possible mediators to the catholyt only pyridine influences moderately the ratio: hydrodimerizationproduct/dihydroproduct.
Phosphonium Ylides, V.Wittig Reaction with 2,3,4(1H̲ )-QuinoIinetriones
Authors: Sidky M. M. , Boulos L. S. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Quinolinetriones, Phosphonium Ylides, Wittig Reaction Quinolinetrione (1a) reacts with phosphonium ylides (2a-c) to yield the corresponding ethylenes (3a-c) together with triphenylphosphine oxide. Treatment of trione (lb) with ylides (2a-b) affords, on the other hand, the cyclobuta (c) quinoline derivatives (4a) and (4b), respectively. Structural assignments are based on analytical and spectroscopic evidence.
Spin Trapping of Radicals in Gas-Phase Cigarette Smoke
Authors: Halpern Alexander , Knieper Josef 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Spin trapping with N-t-butyl-α-phenyl nitrone (PBN) and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-oxide (DMPO) has been utilized to identify the radicals in the gas phase of cigarette smoke. ESR spectra reveal predominantly alkoxy radicals which are continuously formed in smoke, but not directly in the flame.
Die Reaktion von Tri-t-butylphosphan und Tri-t-butylarsan mit Selen und Tellur: Bildung inerter und labiler Chalkogenophosphorane und -arsorane / The Reaction of Tri-t-butylphosphane and Tri-t-butylarsane with Selenium and Tellurium: Formation of Inert and Labile Chalcogenophosphoranes and -arsoranes
Authors: du Mont Wolf-W. 
Published: March 2015

The reactions of tri-t-butylphosphane 1 with selenium and tellurium proceed quantitatively with formation of seleno- and the telluro-tri-t-butylphosphorane. respectively (3, 4). Tri-t-butylarsane 2 reacts with selenium to give seleno-tri-t-butylarsorane (5), but no significant interaction is observed between 2 and elemental tellurium. 1H and 31P NMR spectra provide evidence for rapid tellurium transfer between telluro-tri-t-butylphosphorane (4) and tri-t-butylphosphane (1), tri-t-butylarsane (2) or tris(dimethylamino)phosphane.
Selenium transfer between seleno-tri-t-butylarsorane (5) and tri-t-butylarsane (2) leads to 1H and 13C NMR line broadening. Vibrational spectra of t-Bu3E−Y (3: E = P, Y = Se; 4: E = P, Y = Te; 5: E = As, X = Se) indicate coupling of E−C and E−Y stretching vibrations in 3 and 4.
„Second messenger″ höherer Pflanzen / Second Messenger of Higher Plants
Authors: Schildknecht Hermann , Hein Martin , Bender Wolfgang 
Published: March 2015

Cyclic mononucleotides − 2′,3′ cAMP and 2′,3′ cGMP − were found in several higher plants. They seem to be widespread, naturally occurring compounds. 2′ AMP, 3′ AMP, 2′ GMP and 3′ GMP, which were also isolated from several plants, are possibly artifacts of the cyclic nucleo­tides. In small amounts ApA was isolated from Abutilon grandiflorum, UpA and UpG from Mimosa pudica L.
The biological influence of 2′,3′ cAMP and 2′,3′ cGMP on the nyctinastic leaf movement was tested. There is some evidence that both substances shift and dampen the circadian rhythm of Albizia lophanta.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung in Hochauflösung an CaTa2O6 und CaTa4O11 — Vergleich mit der rechnerischen Simulation / High Resolution Electron Microscopy Investigation of CaTa2O6 and CaTa4O11 - A Comparison with Calculated Images
Authors: Langenbach-Kuttert B. , Mertin W. , Gruehn R. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The phases CaTa2O6 and CaTa4O11 were prepared at high temperature; electron micrographs of their well known structures were taken by high resolution transmission electron m icroscopy. A comparison with simulated images using different values of crystal thickness and defocus shows the validity of the described computation method
Übergangsmetall-substituierte Acylphosphane und Phosphaalkene, VI [1] Phosphaalkenyl-Eisen- und -Rutheniumkomplexe mit Metall-Kohlenstoffkoordination / Transition Metal Substituted Acylphosphines and Phosphaalkenes, VI [1] Phosphaalkenyl Iron and Ruthenium Complexes with Metal-Carbon Coordination
Authors: Weber Lothar , Reizig Klaus , Meine Georg 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Treatment of the cationic complexes [(η5-C5Me5)M(CO)3]⊕BF4
⊖ (M = Fe, Ru) (1a , b) with the bulky lithium silyl phosphide LiP(Ar')(SiMe3) (Ar' = 2,4,6-tri-fert-butylphenyl) (2) leads to the phosphaalkenyl complexes (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2M - C(OSiMe3) = P ~ Ar' (4a, b). The presence of C = P double bonds in 4a, b was ascertained by 13C- and 31P NMR spectra. The geometry at the C = P bond was also deduced from the analysis o f the NMR spectra (1H , 13C, 31P)
Reaction of Harmidine/Harmaline with BrCN — a Facile Mono- and Di-Bromination at a-Carbon of the Imine Tautomer
Authors: Siddiqui Salimuzzaman , Siddiqui Bina S. , Begum Sabira 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Reaction of harmidine/harmaline with BrCN has afforded mono- and di-bromo derivatives I and II respectively indicating the substitution of bromine at the α-carbon of imine through its enamine tautomer
Kristallstruktur von RbNaO / Crystal Structure of RbNaO
Authors: Sabrowsky Horst , Vogt-Mertens Petra , Thimm Alfred 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The colourless compound RbNaO has been prepared as described earlier [1 ], but single crystals were not yet available at that time. N ow its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. The very hygroscopic RbNaO crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm (Z = 2) with the cell parameters a - 406.8(1), c = 649.4(1) pm. The structure was solved from 1031 counter reflections (375 symmetry independent reflections) by using differential Fourier syntheses. Refining gives a least squares residue o f 0.086.
The structure forms an am/-PbFCl-type geom etry with c-centered squares of sodium interspersed by antiparallel ordered pairs of R b-O
Government Health Care Spending and Child Mortality
Authors: Maruthappu Mahiben , Ng Ka Ying Bonnie , Williams Callum , Atun Rifat , Zeltner Thomas 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:
Government health care spending (GHS) is of increasing importance to child health. Our study determined the relationship between reductions in GHS and child mortality rates in high- and low-income countries.

METHODS:
The authors used comparative country-level data for 176 countries covering the years 1981 to 2010, obtained from the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the association between changes in GHS and child mortality, controlling for differences in infrastructure and demographics.

RESULTS:
Data were available for 176 countries, equating to a population of ∼5.8 billion as of 2010. A 1% decrease in GHS was associated with a significant increase in 4 child mortality measures: neonatal (regression coefficient [R] 0.0899, P = .0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0440–0.1358), postneonatal (R = 0.1354, P = .0001, 95% CI 0.0678–0.2030), 1- to 5-year (R = 0.3501, P &lt; .0001, 95% CI 0.2318–0.4685), and under 5-year (R = 0.5207, P &lt; .0001, 95% CI 0.3168–0.7247) mortality rates. The effect was evident up to 5 years after the reduction in GHS (P &lt; .0001). Compared with high-income countries, low-income countries experienced greater deteriorations of ∼1.31 times neonatal mortality, 2.81 times postneonatal mortality, 8.08 times 1- to 5-year child mortality, and 2.85 times under 5-year mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Reductions in GHS are associated with significant increases in child mortality, with the largest increases occurring in low-income countries.
Late Preterm Birth and Neurocognitive Performance in Late Adulthood: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Heinonen Kati , Eriksson Johan G. , Lahti Jari , Kajantie Eero , Pesonen Anu-Katriina , Tuovinen Soile , Osmond Clive , Raikkonen Katri 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVES:
We studied if late preterm birth (34 weeks 0 days–36 weeks 6 days of gestation) is associated with performance on the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB) in late adulthood and if maximum attained lifetime education moderated these associations.

METHODS:
Participants were 919 Finnish men and women born between 1934 and 1944, who participated in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study. They underwent the CERAD-NB at a mean age of 68.1 years. Data regarding gestational age (late preterm versus term) were extracted from hospital birth records, and educational attainment data were gathered from Statistics Finland.

RESULTS:
After adjustment for major confounders, those born late preterm scored lower on word list recognition (mean difference: –0.33 SD; P = .03) than those born at term. Among those who had attained a basic or upper secondary education, late preterm birth was associated with lower scores on word list recognition, constructional praxis, constructional praxis recall, clock drawing, Mini–Mental State Examination, and memory total and CERAD total 2 compound scores (mean differences: &gt;0.40 SD; P values &lt;.05), and had a 2.70 times higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (Mini–Mental State Examination score: &lt;26 points) (P = .02). Among those with tertiary levels of education, late preterm birth was not associated with CERAD-NB scores.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings offer new insight into the lifelong consequences of late preterm birth, and they add late preterm birth as a novel risk factor to the list of neurocognitive impairment in late adulthood. Our findings also suggest that attained lifetime education may mitigate aging-related neurocognitive impairment, especially among those born late preterm.
Checklist of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) from Taquaruçu, Tocantins, Brazil, with new records for the state
Authors: Lima Helena Iris Leite de , Krolow Tiago Kütter , Henriques Augusto Loureiro 
Published: March 2015

A list of horse fly species is presented for the district of Taquaruçu, Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil . A total of 34 species and three varieties were recorded over one year of collections. From those, 21 species and one variety were new records for the state.
Pemetrexed and Gemcitabine Versus Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized Noninferiority Phase II Study in One Center
Authors: Branden Eva , Hillerdal Gunnar , Kolbeck Karl , Koyi Hirsh 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Author Summary

Background.
The standard treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages IIIb and IV is a platinum compound combined with a third-generation cytotoxic agent. We decided to conduct a phase II study to assess whether the platinum compound could be replaced with pemetrexed with similar results and without an increase in side effects.

Methods.
Consecutive eligible patients were randomized to either the standard arm of gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GC) or the experimental arm of gemcitabine plus pemetrexed (GP).

Results.
Fifty evaluable patients were enrolled in the GC arm, and 44 received GP. There were 10 partial responses in the GC arm and 16 in the GP arm. With GC, mean survival was 9 months compared with 15 months with GP. The side effects were similar in both groups.

Conclusion.
Pemetrexed can replace platinum compounds in the first-line treatment of stage IIIb and IV NSCLC without increasing the side effects. A trend toward better survival was observed in the patients receiving pemetrexed instead of a platinum compound, and this should be studied further.
The impact of early-summer snow properties on Antarctic landfast sea-ice X-band backscatter
Authors: Paul Stephan , Willmes Sascha , Hoppmann Mario , Hunkeler Priska A. , Wesche Christine , Nicolaus Marcel , Heinemann Günther , Timmermann Ralph 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUp to now, snow cover on Antarctic sea ice and its impact on radar backscatter, particularly after the onset of freeze/thaw processes, are not well understood. Here we present a combined analysis of in situ observations of snow properties from the landfast sea ice in Atka Bay, Antarctica, and high-resolution TerraSAR-X backscatter data, for the transition from austral spring (November 2012) to summer (January 2013). The physical changes in the seasonal snow cover during that time are reflected in the evolution of TerraSAR-X backscatter. We are able to explain 76-93% of the spatio-temporal variability of the TerraSAR-X backscatter signal with up to four snowpack parameters with a root-mean-squared error of 0.87-1.62 dB, using a simple multiple linear model. Over the complete study, and especially after the onset of early-melt processes and freeze/thaw cycles, the majority of variability in the backscatter is influenced by changes in snow/ice interface temperature, snow depth and top-layer grain size. This suggests it may be possible to retrieve snow physical properties over Antarctic sea ice from X-band SAR backscatter.
Methods for Ensuring High Quality of Coding of Cause of Death
Authors: Startsev N. , Dimov P. , Grosche B. , Tretyakov F. , Schüz J. , Akleyev A. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Background: To follow up populations exposed to several radiation accidents in the Southern Urals, a cause-of-death registry was established at the Urals Center capturing deaths in the Chelyabinsk, Kurgan and Sverdlovsk region since 1950.
Objectives: When registering deaths over such a long time period, quality measures need to be in place to maintain quality and reduce the impact of individual coders as well as quality changes in death certificates.
Methods: To ensure the uniformity of coding, a method for semi-automatic coding was developed, which is described here. Briefly, the method is based on a dynamic thesaurus, database-supported coding and parallel coding by two different individuals.
Results: A comparison of the proposed method for organizing the coding process with the common procedure of coding showed good agreement, with, at the end of the coding process, 70 – 90% agreement for the three-digit ICD -9 rubrics.
Conclusions: The semi-automatic method ensures a sufficiently high quality of coding by at the same time providing an opportunity to reduce the labor intensity inherent in the creation of large-volume cause-of-death registries.
L'harmonisation des délais de préavis
Authors: Knaepen Pauline 
Published: March 2015

Il existe de nombreuses différences de statut entre les employés et les ouvriers. Notamment, en cas de préavis, les premiers bénéficient d’un délai supérieur à celui qui s’applique aux seconds. Née il y a un siècle, cette situation est dénoncée par les syndicats depuis plusieurs décennies. Régulièrement, la question de l’harmonisation des statuts des deux catégories de travailleurs salariés revient à l’agenda du gouvernement fédéral ou des interlocuteurs sociaux.	Depuis quelques années, le dossier a pris une importance accrue. La crise économique a amené tout à la fois à favoriser la compétitivité des entreprises en diminuant le coût du licenciement des employés et à augmenter la protection des ouvriers contre les risques de chômage. Surtout, par son arrêt du 7 juillet 2011, la Cour constitutionnelle a déclaré que la distinction établie en matière de délais de préavis est inconstitutionnelle. Elle a donc enjoint à l’Autorité fédérale d’intervenir, pour le 8 juillet 2013 au plus tard, afin de supprimer toute différence de traitement sur ce point.	Le gouvernement Di Rupo a chargé les interlocuteurs sociaux d’élaborer une proposition de solution. Le processus s’avère complexe, syndicats et organisations patronales défendant des positions antagonistes. En outre, il devra tenir compte de diverses contraintes juridiques et trancher plusieurs débats sensibles, dont celui relatif à une éventuelle extension du régime de protection contre le licenciement abusif.
Y a-t-il une bonne échelle locale ?
Authors: Béhar Daniel , Lévy Jacques , Béja Alice , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: March 2015

Chaque territoire est doté de ressources objectives (notamment économiques) et subjectives (identité, culture...) : mais à l’heure où nos vies quotidiennes se déroulent en réseaux, entre plusieurs lieux, plusieurs usages, existe-t-il un découpage territorial qui permette de fédérer ces ramifications ? Et qu’en est-il de la représentation politique, qui peut difficilement exister sans périmètre territorial ?
Le paysan et le philosophe : José Bové et Jacques Ellul
Authors: Jacob Jean 
Published: March 2015

Figure marquante des	altermondialistes, José Bové (né en 1953) a été très influencé par la pensée et	l’action de l’universitaire français Jacques Ellul ( 1912-1994) dont on	colporte paresseusement une image surfaite de penseur libertaire. Comme ce	dernier, José Bové déplore la place prise par la technique dans le monde	contemporain et ne croit guère au pouvoir des hommes politiques. Cependant, on	omet généralement de rappeler que la position de Jacques Ellul sur le monde	contemporain traduit surtout, en dépit des apparences sociologiques,	l’exaspération d’un croyant qui ne tolère pas que l’homme veuille affirmer son	autonomie sur terre. C’est pourquoi il condamne tout particulièrement le	politique. Car, en effet, c’est au sein de cet espace que l’homme est le plus	tenté d’affirmer sa subjectivité, sa pleine souveraineté, sans se soucier de	Dieu. Dans quelle mesure retrouve-t-on cette défiance du politique chez José	Bové?