bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Girls Behind Bars
Authors: Sharma Suniti 
Published: September 2014

While scholarship on the education of youth behind bars has largely focused on boys, more than one in three youth arrests in the United States is female. Girls Behind Bars sets out to address this imbalance.
First, the book offers autobiographies, life-stories, and counter-stories in order to counter simplistic generalizations and empirical prescriptions. Next, the study provides the educational community with critical perspectives that examine empiricist epistemologies and positivist methodologies that label certain groups of girls as delinquent and mark them for punitive and corrective treatment behind bars. Third, the book opens up the discussion on girls' gender, desire, and sexuality by offering a language for these issues absent in educational discourse. Finally, the book supports calls for educators and practitioners in their desire to envision and create transformative spaces that enable young girls behind bars to reclaim their education.
Including a foreword by William Ayers and Bernadine Dohrn, this important and powerful book gives voice to a neglected, silenced, and misrepresented population – young girls behind bars.
The World Crisis
Authors: Churchill The Rt. Hon. Winston S. 
Published: September 2014

The World Crisis is considered by many to be Winston Churchill’s literary masterpiece. Published across five volumes between 1923 and 1931, Churchill here tells the story of The Great War, from its origins to the long shadow it cast on the following decades. At once a history and a first-hand account of Churchill’s own involvement in the war, The World Crisis remains a compelling account of the conflict and its importance.
Volume I covers the origins and earliest days of the war from 1911–1914, as well as the longer history of the collapse of the Great Power system from the Franco Prussian war onwards. Churchill here explores the international tensions over the Balkan states that triggered the conflict as well as the arms race between the British and German navies.
The World Crisis
Authors: Churchill The Rt. Hon. Winston S. 
Published: September 2014

The World Crisis is considered by many to be Winston Churchill’s literary masterpiece. Published across five volumes between 1923 and 1931, Churchill here tells the story of The Great War, from its origins to the long shadow it cast on the following decades. At once a history and a first-hand account of Churchill’s own involvement in the war, The World Crisis remains a compelling account of the conflict and its importance.
The third volume of The World Crisis covers the climax and the end of the war, from 1916–1918. Churchill here explores some of the most important moments of the conflict, including the battles of Verdun, Jutland, Passchendaele and the Somme as well as the American entry into the war that marked the beginning of its end. Churchill here also recounts his time on the front line during his brief exile from political office and his return to government in Lloyd-George’s wartime coalition as Minster of Munitions
Medicine, Sport and the Body
Authors: Carter Neil 
Published: September 2014

What role does sports medicine play in today's society? Is it solely about treating sports injuries? Should it only be concerned with elite sport?
This book provides a history of the relationship between sport, medicine and health from the mid-19th century to today. It combines the sub-disciplines of the history of medicine and the history of sport to give a balanced analysis of the role of medicine in sport and how this has evolved over the past two centuries.
In an age where sports medicine plays an increasingly prominent role in both elite and recreational sport, this book provides a timely and clear analysis of its rise and purpose.
What is Online Research?
Authors: Hooley Tristram , Marriott John , Wellens Jane 
Published: September 2014

The massive expansion of the internet into every aspect of our lives creates a challenge for social researchers: can they simply transfer their traditional methods and techniques online or do they need to reinvent research methods for the new environment? As online research becomes increasingly prevalent it becomes more important for researchers to have an answer to these questions and an approach to conducting research online. This book is a straightforward, accessible introduction to social research online.
It covers the key issues and concerns for social scientists: online surveys, focus groups, interviews, ethnographies and experiments, as well as discussing the implications of social media, and of online research ethics. It provides a detailed, up-to-date glossary and bibliography for those new to the area. Short, clear case studies throughout allow students to see examples of the research in practice. Wide-ranging and interdisciplinary, What is Online Research? shows social scientists of all levels - from undergraduates to established researchers - how to engage in the online environment in appropriate ways, and points the way forward for future research.
Personality superfactors and healthy behaviors of professional athletes
Authors: Lipowski Mariusz , Bieleninik Łucja 
Published: September 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
Personality traits seem to be excellent predictors of starting, continuing and discontinuing physical activity. Moreover, they constitute an important determinant of health-seeking behaviors. Therefore, consideration of personality-related variables may be helpful in explaining either motivation of athletes or the goals they achieve.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
The study included 1229 individuals, among them 532 active athletes and 697 persons with no history of competitive sporting activities. The group of sportspersons included 286 team sport athletes, 124 representatives of individual sport disciplines and 125 combat sport athletes.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
The athletes were found to have moderate levels of all analyzed personality dimensions. Multiple regression analysis showed that personality traits explained 46% of variance in the level of Positive Psychological Attitudes (F = 4.0, p = 0.009) and 36% of variance in the level of Health Practices (F = 2.7, p = 0.043) presented by female combat sport athletes. Personality profile explained 30% of variance in the level of Proper Nutrition Habits (F = 7.8, p < 0.001) and 40% of variance in Positive Psychological Attitudes (F = 11.2, p < 0.001) of male combat sport athletes. Personality profile explained 38% of variance in the level of Proper Nutrition Habits (F = 7.2, p < 0.001) and 30% of variance in Positive Psychological Attitudes (F = 5.1, p = 0.001) presented by men who practiced individual sport disciplines.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
Our study confirmed that the personality super-factors are associated with health-seeking behaviors of athletes regarding proper nutrition habits, positive psychological attitudes and health practices.
Multidimensional versus unidimensional models of emotional contagion: the Emotional Contagion Scale in a Polish sample
Authors: Wróbel Monika , Lundqvist Lars-Olov 
Published: September 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
The Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS) measures individual differences in susceptibility to catching emotions expressed by others. Although initially the scale was reported to have a unidimensional structure, recent validation studies have suggested that the concept of emotional contagion is multidimensional. The aim of the study was therefore to test whether the structure of the ECS in a Polish sample corresponds with that observed for other non-English speaking populations.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
The scale, translated into Polish, was completed by 633 university students in four independent samples. To investigate the factor structure of the ECS, confirmatory factor analyses of five alternative models were conducted.<br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
The results supported a multifaceted solution, which confirmed that susceptibility to emotional contagion may be differentiated not only across positive vs. negative states but also across discrete emotions. Moreover, the verification of internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Polish version indicated that its parameters are acceptable and comparable with the characteristics of other adaptations.<br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The Polish ECS, together with other adaptations of the scale, shows that the construct developed in the United States can be successfully measured in other cultural contexts. Thus, the Polish version can be treated as a useful tool for measuring individual differences in susceptibility to emotional contagion.
Psychopathology of family violence perpetrators: the personality categorization of perpetrators
Authors: Rode Danuta , Marganski Alison J. 
Published: September 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
This research explores the psychopathology of family violence perpetrators. In particular, we examine whether it is possible to differentiate between various types of domestic violence offenders based on a profile of personality factors and temperament traits.<br />
<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
Males convicted of domestic violence were recruited by psychologists via a center dedicated to supporting courts through psychological diagnoses of family violence offenders. Those who agreed to participate in the study were administered questionnaires and interviewed (N = 325). <br />
<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
After data were collected, cluster analysis was performed on various factors related to psychopathology to determine whether any natural groupings exist. Four distinct subgroups emerged. The subgroups were subsequently analyzed for differences in personality factors and temperament traits. <br />
<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
The findings indicate that men who perpetrate domestic violence are not a homogeneous group; they are heterogeneous in nature. Violence perpetrator classifications are described and a discussion follows, along with implications for treatment and recommendations for future research.
Sobre a ideia de dramatização em Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Damasceno Veronica Miranda 
Published: September 2014

Este artigo visa introduzir a noção de dramatização em Gilles Deleuze. Trata-se da subversão das clássicas perguntas metafísicas que justificam as essências e as idéias. Uma distribuição de diferenças determina a atualização das idéias. O método de dramatização envolve processos de diferenciação. Diferenças internas, relativas a blocos de espaço-tempo criam condições para os conceitos. Um campo intensivo e diferencial de forças faz emergir um teatro especial de virtualidades e uma expressividade das idéias. A realidade não é dada, mas dramatizada por forças não individuais e subjetividades larvares. O método de dramatização está aquém do conhecimento e até mesmo de toda consolidação que a filosofia ganha com os conceitos. O artigo procurará ainda indicar os vínculos da dramatização com os mundos incompossíveis de Leibniz e com o cinema de David Lynch.
Como seria ver como um ser humano?
Authors: Bimbenet Etienne 
Published: September 2014

Perguntaremos aqui "como seria ver como um ser humano". Tal questão é difícil, pois recuando um passo em relação à percepção e considerando que ela pode não ser o que é, essa questão vai de encontro àquilo que é comumente considerado como a "atitude natural". Merleau-Ponty articulou esta relativização da visão humana e seu realismo espontâneo de duas maneiras diferentes. Em primeiro lugar, há o que poderia ser chamado a "via da finitude". Ela consiste em assumir o ponto de vista de parte alguma para a percepção, o ponto de vista de um espírito sem ligações mundanas. Poder-se-ia dizer então, como Merleau-Ponty não pára de dizer, que perceber não é ver de parte alguma, eque sempre percebemos a partir de algum lugar, em um corpo finito, e não do ponto de vista de deus. Nossa origem animal, contudo, oferece uma segunda maneira completamente diferente de frustar o dogmatismo da fé perceptiva. Essa é a via adotada por Merleau-Ponty em A estrutura do comportamento, onde muito naturalmente ele é levado a interrogar o que distingue a percepção animal da percepção humana. Sua resposta é valiosa: ver como um ser humano significa ser capaz de "multiplicidade perspectiva". Apreender tal conceito e encarar a visão humana como plural e como excesso, apenas é possível para quem abandonou o ponto de vista de parte alguma e decidiu filosofar começando pelo animal.
Solar cycle and diurnal dependence of auroral structures
Authors: Partamies N. , Whiter D. , Syrjäsuo M. , Kauristie K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn order to facilitate usage of optical data in space climate studies, we have developed an automated algorithm to quantify the complexity of auroral structures as they appear in ground‐based all‐sky images. The image analysis is based on a computationally determined “arciness” value, which describes how arc like the auroral structures in the image are. With this new automatic method we have analyzed the type of aurora in about 1 million images of green aurora (λ = 557.7nm) captured at five camera stations in Finnish and Swedish Lapland in 1996–2007. We found that highly arc like structures can be observed in any time sector and their portion of the auroral structures varies much less than the fraction of more complex forms. The diurnal distribution of arciness is in agreement with an earlier study with high arc occurrence rate in the evening hours and steadily decreasing toward the late morning hours. The evolution of less arc‐like auroral structures is more dependent on the level of geomagnetic activity and solar cycle than the occurrence of arcs. The median arciness is higher during the years close to the solar minimum than during the rest of the solar cycle. Unlike earlier proposed, the occurrence rate of both arcs and more complex auroral structures increases toward the solar maximum and decreases toward the solar minimum. The cyclic behavior of auroral structures seen in our data is much more systematic and clear than previously reported visual studies suggest. The continuous arciness index describing the complexity of auroral structures can improve our understanding on auroral morphology beyond the few commonly accepted structure classes, such as arcs, patches, and omega bands. Arciness can further be used to study the relationship of auroral structures at different complexity levels and magnetospheric dynamics.
Relating soil specific surface area, water film thickness, and water vapor adsorption
Authors: Leão Tairone Paiva , Tuller Markus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractEstimation of soil specific surface area (SSA) and dry‐end water vapor adsorption are important for porous media characterization and for prediction of water and vapor fluxes in arid environments. The objective of the presented study was to model water adsorption, film thickness, and SSA based on the t‐curve theory originally developed for N2 adsorption. Data from 21 source soils with clay contents ranging from 0.6 to 52.2% were used to estimate specific surface area based on water retention, a t‐curve type method, the linear prediction method, and a simplified monolayer method. The water retention and the t‐curve methods were found to be mathematically analogous and were among the most accurate with regard to correlation coefficient (r = 0.97) and root‐mean‐square error (RMSE = 11.36 × 103 m2/kg) when compared to measurements obtained with the standard ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) method. The corrected t‐curve method significantly overestimated SSA when compared to EGME data. Comparison of all considered methods with N2‐BET (BET) measurements disclosed lower correlation coefficients. For soil studies, the vapor adsorption in conjunction with the t‐curve or water retention methods should be preferred for SSA estimation as they show much higher correlation with soil clay content and EGME measurements.
The role of pressure gradients in driving sunward magnetosheath flows and magnetopause motion
Authors: Archer M. O. , Turner D. L. , Eastwood J. P. , Horbury T. S. , Schwartz S. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhile pressure balance can predict how far the magnetopause will move in response to an upstream pressure change, it cannot determine how fast the transient response will be. Using Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS), we present multipoint observations revealing, for the first time, strong (thermal + magnetic) pressure gradients in the magnetosheath due to a foreshock transient, most likely a hot flow anomaly, which decreased the total pressure upstream of the bow shock. By converting the spacecraft time series into a spatial picture, we quantitatively show that these pressure gradients caused the observed acceleration of the plasma, resulting in fast sunward magnetosheath flows ahead of a localized outward distortion of the magnetopause. The acceleration of the magnetosheath plasma was fast enough to keep the peak of the magnetopause bulge at approximately the equilibrium position, i.e., in pressure balance. Therefore, we show that pressure gradients in the magnetosheath due to transient changes in the total pressure upstream can directly drive anomalous flows and in turn are important in transmitting information from the bow shock to the magnetopause.
Übrig bleibt, was übrig bleiben soll. Zur Konstruktion von Biografien durch Nachlässe
Authors: Füßl Wilhelm 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhat Remains Is What Should Remain: Using Estates to Construct Biographies. Estates play a major role in historical research, especially biographic research, for they supplement the official writings surrounding the individual view of a historical figure. But they nonetheless reflect only a small part of the scientific and private activities of a researcher. Moreover, before being handed over to an archive, they are also often filtered by the researchers themselves, by family members, and/or by successors to the historical figure’s post. The history of an estate is thus of great importance to research. With an eye to the estates of natural scientists, the present text uses a concept of estates that includes not only the surviving texts but also artifacts with which the scientists worked. The focus will be on three physicists – Ernst Mach, Walther Gerlach, and Philipp Lenard – in order to investigate the significance of these objects for their respective biographies and for the history of physics.
Amino acid and glucose metabolism in fed‐batch CHO cell culture affects antibody production and glycosylation
Authors: Fan Yuzhou , Jimenez Del Val Ioscani , Müller Christian , Wagtberg Sen Jette , Rasmussen Søren Kofoed , Kontoravdi Cleo , Weilguny Dietmar , Andersen Mikael Rørdam 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTFed‐batch Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture is the most commonly used process for IgG production in the biopharmaceutical industry. Amino acid and glucose consumption, cell growth, metabolism, antibody titer, and N‐glycosylation patterns are always the major concerns during upstream process optimization, especially media optimization. Gaining knowledge on their interrelations could provide insight for obtaining higher immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer and better controlling glycosylation‐related product quality. In this work, different fed‐batch processes with two chemically defined proprietary media and feeds were studied using two IgG‐producing cell lines. Our results indicate that the balance of glucose and amino acid concentration in the culture is important for cell growth, IgG titer and N‐glycosylation. Accordingly, the ideal fate of glucose and amino acids in the culture could be mainly towards energy and recombinant product, respectively. Accumulation of by‐products such as NH4+ and lactate as a consequence of unbalanced nutrient supply to cell activities inhibits cell growth. The levels of Leu and Arg in the culture, which relate to cell growth and IgG productivity, need to be well controlled. Amino acids with the highest consumption rates correlate with the most abundant amino acids present in the produced IgG, and thus require sufficient availability during culture. Case‐by‐case analysis is necessary for understanding the effect of media and process optimization on glycosylation. We found that in certain cases the presence of Man5 glycan can be linked to limitation of UDP‐GlcNAc biosynthesis as a result of insufficient extracellular Gln. However, under different culture conditions, high Man5 levels can also result from low α‐1,3‐mannosyl‐glycoprotein 2‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GnTI) and UDP‐GlcNAc transporter activities, which may be attributed to high level of in the cell culture. Furthermore, galactosylation of the mAb Fc glycans was found to be limited by UDP‐Gal biosynthesis, which was observed to be both cell line and cultivation condition‐dependent. Extracellular glucose and glutamine concentrations and uptake rates were positively correlated with intracellular UDP‐Gal availability. All these findings are important for optimization of fed‐batch culture for improving IgG production and directing glycosylation quality. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 521–535. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitro Promoters for Selectivity Control in the Core Hydrogenation of Toluidines: Controlling Adsorption on Catalyst Surfaces
Authors: Gebauer‐Henke Ewa , Tomkins Patrick , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe diastereoselectivity in the hydrogenation of multi‐substituted aromatic ring systems was used as a sensitive tool to gain molecular‐level insight into the reaction pathways on the surface of ruthenium. Here, the hydrogenation of para‐, meta‐, and ortho‐toluidine was studied in detail. The chemoselectivity towards primary or secondary amines depends primarily on the choice of the metal; notably, nitro compounds such as NaNO2 are highly effective promoters for ruthenium catalysts, which significantly increase the chemoselectivity towards primary amines as well as catalytic activity. Lower activation energy and altered diastereoselectivity indicate that in the presence of nitro additives, the substrate molecules are adsorbed in a coordination mode favourable for the hydrogenation of the aromatic ring.
First Enantioselective Catalytic Wittig Reaction
Authors: Werner Thomas , Hoffmann Marcel , Deshmukh Sunetra 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHerein we present the first catalytic enantioselective Wittig reaction. Chiral mono‐ and diphosphines were employed as catalysts for the desymmetrization of a prochiral ketone. The reaction was performed under microwave dielectric heating as well as under conventional heating. Selected catalysts led to moderate to good yields and enantioselectivities. In the presence of (+)‐1,2‐bis[(2S,5S)‐2,5‐dimethylphospholano]benzene [(S,S)‐Me‐DuPhos], an enantiomeric excess of up to 90 % was obtained.