bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Rhodopsin‐Based Molecular Switches
Authors: Blanco‐Lomas Marina , Campos Pedro J. , Sampedro Diego 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new family of switches based on a rhodopsin chromophore is presented. These new photoswitches fulfil most of the required features for an efficient switch to be used in practical applications. The synthetic route is simple and versatile and enables substituents capable of acting as anchoring points to be incorporated. Also, substitution can be used to fine tune the switches' properties. The photostationary state can be reached easily by using low‐energy light compatible with complex environments. Thermal reset allows these switches to operate through on/off cycles.
Different characteristics identified by single nucleotide polymorphism array analysis in leukemia suggest the need for different application strategies depending on disease category
Authors: Huh Jungwon , Jung Chul Won , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Kim Yeo‐Kyeoung , Moon Joon Ho , Sohn Sang Kyun , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Woo Sung , Kim Dong Hwan (Dennis) 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the detection rate of chromosomal rearrangements in leukemia using single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP‐A) in combination with metaphase cytogenetics (MC), with the aim of proposing a practical approach for clinical karyotyping applications of SNP‐A. The Genome‐Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) was applied in 469 patients with a variety of hematologic malignancies. Combined use of SNP‐A with MC improved the detection rate in comparison with MC alone: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with normal karyotype (NK), 32% versus 0%; core binding factor (CBF)‐AML 40% versus 29%; myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 54% versus 39%; chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), 24% versus 3%; and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 88% versus 63%. Different patterns of abnormalities (especially the type, size, and location) were noted in the leukemia subtypes. Copy neutral loss of heterozygosity lesions was detected in 23% of AML‐NK, 3% of CBF‐AML, 25% of MDS, 2% of CML, and 20% of ALL. SNP‐A also provided information on cryptic deletions and a variety of aneuploidies in ALL, while the benefit was minimal in CML. In conclusion, different patterns of abnormal lesions were presented according to the disease category, thus requiring a different approach of adopting SNP‐A‐based karyotyping among different leukemia subtypes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of elective neck dissection in patients undergoing salvage laryngectomy
Authors: Amit Moran , Hilly Ohad , Leider–Trejo Leonor , Popovtzer Aharon , Gutfeld Orit , Shvero Jacob , Fliss Dan M. , Cohen Jacob T. , Bachar Gideon , Gil Ziv 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundWe investigated the risk of neck metastases in patients undergoing salvage total laryngectomy in association with previous radiotherapy.MethodsThe medical records of 42 patients (51 neck specimens) with clinical N0 classification who underwent salvage total laryngectomy in 2 cancer centers were reviewed. Fourteen patients had previous radiotherapy to the central neck and 28 to the central and lateral neck.ResultsStaging before salvage total laryngectomy was similar in both groups. The risk of neck metastases in the central and central/lateral radiation groups was 12% and 18%, respectively (p = .69). Subgroup analysis revealed that 4 of 8 patients initially presenting with clinically N+ had neck metastases before surgery, versus 2 of 26 for those with clinically N0 (p = .015; relative risk [RR] = 4.67). The risk or metastases in the contralateral neck was 0 of 9.ConclusionThe risk of neck metastases in patients who undergo either central or central/lateral neck radiotherapy is similar. Elective neck dissection seems appropriate in patients undergoing SLR. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1392–1396, 2013
Case of high‐risk epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the neck
Authors: Matsuzawa Shingo , Kanazawa Takeharu , Yamaguchi Takehiko , Nishino Hiroshi , Kawada Kazumi , Ichimura Keiichi 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundEpithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHEs) of the head and neck region are uncommon malignant neoplasms that exhibit various biologic behaviors characteristic of both low‐ and high‐grade malignancy. A subgroup of EHEs identified as “high‐risk” EHEs because of their size and mitotic activity is associated with an unfavorable clinical course and poor prognosis.Materials and ResultsWe describe the treatment of the first and, in terms of size, largest case of high‐risk EHE arising from the neck. Despite wide excision, recurrence occurred 9 months after surgery, as had been expected. However, the tumor was found to express both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 2, indicating the potential of anti‐VEGF therapy in the treatment of such cases.ConclusionThe finding that a high‐risk EHE arising from the head and neck region is characterized by expression of VEGF and its receptor provides further support for the development of targeted molecular therapies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: E317–E320, 2013
Residual nodal disease in patients with advanced‐stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive radiation therapy and posttreatment neck dissection: Association with locoregional recurrence, distant metastasis, and decreased survival
Authors: Sandulache Vlad C. , Ow Thomas J. , Daram Shiva P. , Hamilton Jackson , Skinner Heath , Bell Diana , Rosenthal David I. , Beadle Beth M. , Ang K. Kian , Kies Merrill S. , Johnson Faye M. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Myers Jeffrey N. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundOropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is increasing in frequency. We reviewed patients with advanced‐stage OPSCC treated with chemoradiation to assess the impact of residual neck disease on survival.MethodsWe reviewed 202 patients with OPSCC between 1990 and 2010 treated with primary chemoradiation followed by neck dissection. Imaging was analyzed using RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) 1.1 criteria. Survival was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsOverall survival at 5 years was 89%. Forty‐two patients (21%) had residual disease in the neck (pN+). pN+ was associated with greater locoregional recurrence (LRR) and distant metastasis (DM) and decreased survival. No clinicopathologic factors were predictive of pN+. Contrasted posttreatment CT had low sensitivity and specificity.ConclusionsIn advanced OPSCC pN+, patients have higher rates of LRR and DM. Neither clinicopathologic factors nor posttreatment imaging was predictive of pN+, although increased use of modern imaging may reduce the rate of negative neck dissections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 35: 1454–1460, 2013
Enhanced catalytic activity from proteinoid microspheres
Authors: Quirk Stephen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCreating materials that are capable of catalyzing enzymatic reactions could be important to the treatment of both acute and chronic wounds, as well as other topical diseases. As a first step in the design of catalytic biomaterials, a new class of proteinoid microsphere (PM), that includes amino acids found in phosphatase enzyme active sites, has been constructed. This material can significantly enhance catalytic activity for phosphoester hydrolysis, with observed specific activity increases between 35‐ and 55‐fold. Further specific activity increases occur when metal cations, notably iron or zinc, are added to the PMs. Specific activity increases between 140‐ and 300‐fold for these metal modified systems are measured. The phosphatase activity increase is demonstrated for both aromatic phosphate esters as well as the high‐energy phosphate bond of adenosine triphosphate. PMs bind substrate heterogeneously on their surfaces in an enthalpically driven reaction that is defined by an overall favorable free energy, but unfavorable entropy. The catalytic PMs have been successfully blended with polyolefin foam and extruded with PLA. These materials remain fully active. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Effects of chemical and thermochemical pretreatments on sunflower oil cake in biochemical methane potential assays
Authors: Fernández‐Cegrí V. , Raposo F. , de la Rubia M.A. , Borja R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of chemical and thermochemical pretreatments on the composition and anaerobic biodegradability of sunflower oil cake were studied to compare these pretreatments and to assess their effectiveness. Four reagents (lime, sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid, and sodium bicarbonate) at concentrations of 25% (w/w) of dry weight of substrate and 20 g L−1 substrate concentration were used for the chemical pretreatment for 4 h. The same conditions were used for thermochemical pretreatment with heating at 75°C. After the pretreatments, the solid and liquid fractions were separated and subjected to biochemical methane potential tests.RESULTS: The methane yields of the solid fraction obtained with lime, sodium hydroxide, sulphuric acid and bicarbonate were 130±9, 54±4, 61±6 and 88±7 mL CH4 g‐1CODadded, respectively, and after thermochemical pretreatment were 26±2, 84±7, 74±7, and 77±6 mL CH4 g‐1CODadded, respectively. The methane yields for liquids were 152±13, 2±0, 0±0, 249±19 mL CH4 g‐1CODadded, for the chemical pre‐treatment, respectively, and after the thermochemical pretreatment were 273±13, 58±5, 0±0 and 145±12 mL CH4 g‐1CODadded, respectively.CONCLUSION: Only the solid fraction obtained after the chemical pretreatment with lime gave a methane yield higher (130 mL CH4 g‐1CODadded) than the obtained for the untreated solid material (114 mL CH4 g‐1CODadd). No thermochemical pretreatment enhanced the methane yield of the solid or liquid fractions of the untreated material. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Therapeutic hypothermia for cardiac arrest: Real‐world utilization trends and hospital mortality
Authors: Jena Anupam B. , Romley John A. , Newton‐Cheh Christopher , Noseworthy Peter 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves outcomes following cardiac arrest in small clinical trials.OBJECTIVE:To study real‐world utilization and outcomes in US hospitals.DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study.SETTING:California hospitals.PATIENTS:Patients eligible for therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.INTERVENTIONS:We analyzed all discharges from California (1999–2008) to identify patients eligible for TH after cardiac arrest. Patients were considered eligible for TH if both cardiac arrest and anoxic brain injury were among the administrative diagnoses (n = 46,833). Patients undergoing TH (n = 204) were identified through billing codes.MEASUREMENTS:TH utilization and in‐hospital mortality.RESULTS:Use of TH increased over the study period with 87.3% (178/204) of TH occurring between 2006 and 2008. Few hospitals appeared to perform TH over the study period (47/419, 11.2%). Utilization of TH was concentrated in a few centers, with the top 3 of 419 centers accounting for 31.4% (64/204) of cases. Patients undergoing TH were younger, less likely to be male, more likely to be treated at teaching centers, and had similar comorbidities compared to eligible individuals who did not undergo TH. The adjusted odds ratio for hospital mortality among patients undergoing TH was 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.60–1.06, P = 0.11).CONCLUSIONS:TH utilization appears low, but implementation is increasing. Case selection and referral biases limit the analysis of the relationship between center TH volume and in‐hospital mortality. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Impact of proactive rounding by a rapid response team on patient outcomes at an academic medical center
Authors: Butcher Brad W. , Vittinghoff Eric , Maselli Judith , Auerbach Andrew D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:The impact of rapid response teams (RRT) on patient outcomes remains uncertain.OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of proactive rounding by an RRT on outcomes of hospitalized adults discharged from intensive care.DESIGN:Retrospective, observational study.SETTING:Academic medical center.PATIENTS:All adult patients discharged alive from the intensive care unit (ICU) at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center between January 2006 and June 2009.INTERVENTION:Introduction of proactive rounding by an RRT.MEASUREMENTS:Outcomes included the ICU readmission rate, ICU average length of stay (LOS), and in‐hospital mortality of patients discharged from the ICU. Data were obtained from administrative billing databases and analyzed using an interrupted time series (ITS) model.RESULTS:We analyzed 17 months of preintervention data and 25 months of postintervention data. Introduction of proactive rounding by the RRT did not change the ICU readmission rate (6.7% before vs 7.3% after; P = 0.24), the ICU LOS (5.1 days vs 4.9 days; P = 0.24), or the in‐hospital mortality of patients discharged from the ICU (6.0% vs 5.5%; P = 0.24). ITS models testing the impact of proactive rounding on secular trends found no improvement in any of the 3 clinical outcomes relative to their preintervention trends.CONCLUSIONS:Proactive rounding by an RRT did not improve patient outcomes, raising further questions about RRT benefits. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Causes of sudden unexpected death of adult hospital patients
Authors: Nichols Larry , Chew Brandon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe sudden unexpected death of a hospitalized patient is distressing to the family and the healthcare team. It is also common. Assessment of the causes without autopsy is frequently incorrect. To elucidate the causes of death, 175 cases of adult hospital patients in the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Health System, who died suddenly and unexpectedly, were investigated with autopsies. The most common cause was judged to be a cardiac arrhythmia, in 58 (33%) of cases, presumptive in 46 cases, because only 12 of these patients were on cardiac monitoring. Of the arrhythmia patients, 36 (62%) had ≥75% coronary artery stenosis and 31 (53%) had histological evidence of myocardial infarction, with 15 (26%) of those with subacute or old myocardial infarction lacking a history of myocardial infarction. Hemorrhage was judged the cause of death in 38 (22%) of cases, including 31 (82%) with endogenous coagulopathy, anticoagulation, or antiplatelet therapy. Pulmonary thromboembolism was judged the cause of death in 27 (15%) of cases. Overall, hemorrhage deserves better appreciation as a cause of sudden unexpected death of hospitalized adults. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Effect of fever on hospital presentation, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with H1N1/09 influenza
Authors: Sopirala Madhuri M. , Haas Douglas M. , Ali Naeem A. , Mangino Julie E. , Pan Xueliang , Turner Abigail Norris 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOBJECTIVE:Fever is typically considered part of the influenza‐like illness in hemagglutinin type 1 and neuraminidase type 1 (H1N1/09) influenza. We assessed the proportion of patients that did not have fever as part of their illness prior to hospital presentation. We assessed the role of fever on the delay in hospital presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of these patients.METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of all hospitalized adult patients with laboratory‐confirmed pandemic H1N1/09 at a tertiary care center in the United States from June 1 to December 31, 2009.RESULTS:Fifty‐six of 135 study patients (42%) had no fever; 31 (23%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 9 (7%) died. Those without fever had higher Charlson index (P = 0.01), significantly longer time to hospital presentation (median 4 vs 2 days, P < 0.001), longer time to treatment since the onset of illness (median 5 vs 2 days, P = 0.001), and were more frequently in an ICU (P = 0.01). After adjustment for age (<40 vs ≥40) and Charlson index (0, 1–2, ≥3), patients without fever had significantly increased likelihood of late hospital presentation (>2 days from the onset of illness) (P = 0.001) and also had increased likelihood of ICU stay (P = 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Forty‐two percent of patients with laboratory‐confirmed H1N1/09 did not have fever as part of their illness prior to hospital presentation. Patients without fever had delayed presentation to the hospital and thus experienced delayed treatment. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Does it Pay to Invest in Potable Water in the Developing World? Relationships Between External Financing and Economic Development in Sustainable Community‐Run Integrated Projects
Authors: Sauer Michael , Smith Stuart , Clemens Bruce 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper quantifies the impact of external aid channelled through a support agency that practises a participatory approach to development. Researchers compiled completed project data collected from the non‐governmental organisation (NGO) Agua del Pueblo and discovered a positive relationship between external funding for water development projects and resulting economic development. This paper discusses the importance of water development as a channel for achieving overall economic development and the importance of the participatory approach for community development projects. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recovery of chemical estimates by field inhomogeneity neighborhood error detection (REFINED): Fat/Water separation at 7 tesla
Authors: Narayan Sreenath , Kalhan Satish C. , Wilson David L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To reduce swaps in fat–water separation methods, a particular issue on 7 Tesla (T) small animal scanners due to field inhomogeneity, using image postprocessing innovations that detect and correct errors in the B0 field map.Materials and Methods:Fat–water decompositions and B0 field maps were computed for images of mice acquired on a 7T Bruker BioSpec scanner, using a computationally efficient method for solving the Markov Random Field formulation of the multi‐point Dixon model. The B0 field maps were processed with a novel hole‐filling method, based on edge strength between regions, and a novel k‐means method, based on field‐map intensities, which were iteratively applied to automatically detect and reinitialize error regions in the B0 field maps. Errors were manually assessed in the B0 field maps and chemical parameter maps both before and after error correction.Results:Partial swaps were found in 6% of images when processed with FLAWLESS. After REFINED correction, only 0.7% of images contained partial swaps, resulting in an 88% decrease in error rate. Complete swaps were not problematic.Conclusion:Ex post facto error correction is a viable supplement to a priori techniques for producing globally smooth B0 field maps, without partial swaps. With our processing pipeline, it is possible to process image volumes rapidly, robustly, and almost automatically. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1247–1253. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensities by an extended FitzHugh & nagumo reaction diffusion model
Authors: Ji Shuangxi , Ye Changqing , Li Fan , Sun Wei , Zhang Jue , Huang Yining , Fang Jing 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the efficiency and reproducibility of the extended FitzHugh & Nagumo (FHN) reaction‐diffusion model proposed in this study for white matter hyperintensities (WMH) segmentation.Materials and Methods:Five types of magnetic resonance T2‐weighted fluid‐attenuated inversion‐recovery (T2FLAIR) images of 127 patients with different scanning parameters from five clinical scanner systems were selected for this study. After skull and scalp removal and denoise, the T2FLAIR images were processed by the proposed extended FHN model to obtain WMH. This new technique replaced the global threshold constant with a local threshold matrix.Results:There was no significant difference between the segmentation results of the training set and the manual contouring against those between the test set and the manual contouring based on similarity index (SI) values (P = 0.5217). The SI values of the five types of T2FLAIR images were 86.0% ± 15.4%, 85.8% ± 10.5%, 84.1% ± 14.8%, 87.2% ± 14.6%, 86.3% ± 12.7%, respectively, comparing the segmentation results using the proposed method to the manual delineations. The overall SI value of the images was 86.5% ± 14.5%. This approach also demonstrated a better WMH segmentation performance over its classic form (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The proposed approach is efficient and could provide a more effective and convenient tool for clinical quantitative WMH analysis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:343–350. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient values measured by diffusion MRI and MGMT promoter methylation semiquantitatively analyzed with MS‐MLPA in patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Sunwoo Leonard , Choi Seung Hong , Park Chul‐Kee , Kim Jin Wook , Yi Kyung Sik , Lee Woong Jae , Yoon Tae Jin , Song Sang Woo , Kim Ja Eun , Kim Ji Young , Kim Tae Min , Lee Se‐Hoon , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Sohn Chul‐Ho , Park Sung‐Hye , Kim Il Han , Chang Kee‐Hyun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurpose:To retrospectively determine whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values correlate with O6‐methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation semiquantitatively analyzed by methylation‐specific multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MS‐MLPA) in patients with glioblastoma.Materials and Methods:The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board and was Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) compliant. Newly diagnosed patients with glioblastoma (n = 26) were analyzed with an ADC histogram approach based on enhancing solid portion. The methylation status of MGMT promoter was assessed by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and by MS‐MLPA. MS‐MLPA is a semiquantitative method that determines the methylation ratio. The Ki‐67 labeling index was also analyzed. The mean and 5th percentile ADC values were correlated with MGMT promoter methylation status and Ki‐67 labeling index using a linear regression model. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was also correlated with the ADC values using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis.Results:The mean methylation ratio was 0.21 ± 0.20. By MSP, there were 5 methylated and 21 unmethylated tumors. The mean ADC revealed a positive relationship with MGMT promoter methylation ratio (P = 0.015) and was also significantly different according to MSP‐determined methylation status (P = 0.011). Median PFS was significantly related with methylation ratio (P = 0.017) and MSP‐derived methylation status (P = 0.025). A positive relationship was demonstrated between PFS and the mean ADC value (P = 0.001). The 5th percentile ADC values showed a significant negative relationship with Ki‐67 labeling index (P = 0.036).Conclusion:We found that ADC values were significantly correlated with PFS as well as with MGMT promoter methylation status. We believe that ADC values may merit further investigation as a noninvasive biomarker for predicting treatment response. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:351–358. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.