bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant invasions are context‐dependent: multiscale effects of climate, human activity and habitat
Authors: González‐Moreno Pablo , Diez Jeffrey M. , Ibáñez Inés , Font Xavier , Vilà Montserrat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimUnderstanding the conditions that promote biological invasions is a critical step to developing successful management strategies. However, the level of invasion is affected by complex interactions among environmental factors that might change across habitats and regions making broad generalizations uninformative for management. We aimed to quantify the context‐dependent association of climate and human activity at landscape scale (i.e. disturbance and propagule pressure) with the level of plant invasion at local scale across different stages of invasion, habitat types and bioclimatic regions.LocationMainland Spain.MethodsBased on an extensive database of vegetation plots (~50,000), we used hierarchical Bayesian models to test how climate and human activity at a landscape scale (i.e. land‐cover variables) are associated with establishment (i.e. presence) and dominance (i.e. relative species richness and abundance in invaded plots) of non‐native plants across nine habitat types and three bioclimatic regions.ResultsThe association of climate with establishment and dominance of non‐native plants varied depending on habitat type but not bioclimatic region. These associations also varied depending on the stage of invasion under consideration. Establishment of non‐native species was more likely close to the coast, while their dominance increased in wet and warm continental areas. Human activity variables were associated with establishment and dominance similarly across bioclimatic regions. Non‐native species establishment and abundance peaked in human‐altered landscapes. Different habitats showed different susceptibilities to establishment versus dominance by non‐native species (e.g. woodlands had medium levels of establishment, but very low dominance).Main conclusionsThis study highlights how complex interactions among climate, human activity and habitats can determine patterns of invasions across broad landscapes. Successful management of plant invasions will depend on understanding these context‐dependent effects across habitats at the different stages of the invasion process.
Reported outcomes of lower limb orthopaedic surgery in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a mapping review
Authors: Wilson Nichola C , Chong Jimmy , Mackey Anna H , Stott Ngaire S 
Published: March 2014

AimLower limb surgery is often performed in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP) to improve walking ability. This mapping review reports on outcome measures used in the published literature to assess surgical results, determine range and frequency of use, and map each measure to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.MethodA mapped review of literature published between 1990 and 2011 was carried out to identify papers reporting the outcomes of lower limb orthopaedic surgery in ambulatory children with CP, aged 0 to 20 years.ResultsA total of 229 published papers met the inclusion criteria. Thirty‐two outcome measures with known psychometric properties were reported in the 229 papers. Twenty measures assess impairments in body structure and function and were used in 91% of studies. Ten measures assess restrictions in activity and participation and were used in 9% of papers. Two measures assessed quality of life. Since 1997, 29% of papers have used the Gross Motor Function Classification System to describe participants.InterpretationThe body of literature evaluating outcomes of lower limb orthopaedic surgery in CP is small but increasing. There is a need to develop a suite of outcome measures that better reflect outcomes across the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, including activity and participation.
Early intervention in psychosis: a feasibility study financed by the Italian Center on Control of Maladies
Authors: Cocchi Angelo , Balbi Andrea , Corlito Giuseppe , Ditta Guido , Di Munzio Walter , Nicotera Mario , Meneghelli Anna , Pisano Alessia , Preti Antonio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimIn November 2005 the Italian Center on Control of Maladies, a department operating under the Ministry of Health, financed a project aimed at evaluating the feasibility of a protocol of intervention based on the early intervention in psychosis (EIP) model within the Italian public mental health‐care network.MethodsThe study was carried out between March 2007 and December 2009. It involved five centres operating under the Departments of Mental Health of Milan (Programma 2000), Rome (area D), Grosseto, Salerno (Nocera) and Catanzaro (Soverato).ResultsEnrolment lasted 12 months, at the end of which 43 patients were enrolled as first‐episode psychosis (FEP), and 24 subjects as ultra high‐risk (UHR) patients. Both FEP and UHR samples included a preponderance of male patients. A family history of psychosis was rarely reported in both samples. The FEP incidence rate was lower than expected on the basis of international estimates of the incidence of schizophrenia but within the expected figure for the estimated Italian rates in three centres out of five.ConclusionsOverall, the study proved that an EIP centre can be established within the public Department of Mental Health to reach a good fraction of the cases in need of treatment. Since then, several studies have been set up to assess the feasibility of EIP in the Italian public mental health sector in Lombardy and Tuscany, and in 2012 the Emilia‐Romagna Regional Authority started an educational plan aimed at implementing the EIP model in all the Mental Health Departments in the region.
Selective modulation of motor cortical plasticity during voluntary contraction of the antagonist muscle
Authors: Fang Jhih‐Hong , Huang Ying‐Zu , Hwang Ing‐Shiou , Chen Jia‐Jin J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA fundamental approach for resolving motor deficits in patients suffering from various neurological diseases is to improve the impaired cortical function through the modulation of plasticity. In order to advance clinical practice in this regard, it is necessary to better understand the interactions that occur between functional neuromuscular activity and the resulting cortical plasticity. This study tested whether the voluntary contraction of an antagonist muscle modulates the plasticity‐like effect of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) recorded from the agonist. The effects of various opposing torques produced by the antagonist were also measured. As a result, the suppressing effect of cTBS was enhanced by mild antagonist contraction, whereas effortful antagonist contraction suspended the plasticity caused by cTBS. In contrast, the antagonist contractions right after cTBS did not significantly influence the effect of cTBS. The results indicate that the antagonist activity alters the effect of cTBS, especially in protocols with synchronous magnetic stimulation and antagonist contraction. Such modulation on cTBS may be through a reciprocal mechanism within the motor cortex, although the spinal regulation of the motoneuronal pool cannot be fully excluded. The present findings are beneficial for elucidating the mechanism of neuromuscular control and for resolving related neurological disorders.
Prevalence of halitosis in children considering oral hygiene, gender and age
Authors: Villa A , Zollanvari A , Alterovitz G , Cagetti MG , Strohmenger L , Abati S 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo date, few studies have addressed halitosis in the paediatric population. As such, the aim of the present study was to investigate symptoms, signs and risk factors associated with halitosis in healthy children and to present a model based on the clinical data that predicts the presence of halitosis.MethodsA total of 101 individuals were included. All patients received a questionnaire that queried on sociodemographic characteristics, self‐reported halitosis and dental treatment history. Individuals received a thorough intra‐oral examination, and the volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) were measured to test the presence of halitosis with a portable sulphide monitor (Halimeter®; Interscan Co., Chatsworth, CA, USA). The distribution of the sociodemographic characteristics, self‐reported halitosis, dental treatment history and other oral features was evaluated. Finally, a statistical model was constructed with the best set of features to predict halitosis in children.ResultsThe median age was 12.0 years (mean: 11.7 ± SD 2.7) with 54.5% males. Halitosis (VSC > 100 parts per billion, or ppb) was objectively measured in 37.6% of patients. For comparison purposes, Bayesian network was obtained using clinical and demographic data. The model consisted of four variables (sex, age, oral hygiene status and self‐reported halitosis) directly related to the presence of halitosis (VSC > 100 ppb). This model achieved 76.4% area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC). Overall, female patients or individuals with dental plaque on more than 25% of the dental surfaces or patients older than 13 year old were more prone to present with halitosis.ConclusionsThe results suggest that halitosis in the paediatric population is related to poor oral hygiene and may be more common in females and older individuals. This specific predictive model may be useful to identify subgroups to target for intervention to treat oral halitosis.
Clinical characteristics of foot ulceration in people with chronic gout
Authors: Rome Keith , Erikson Kathryn , Otene Cynthia , Sahid Hazra , Sangster Karyn , Gow Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and it has an affliction to the foot. Foot involvement in gout has been linked to foot pain, impairment and disability. There has been limited research on the effect of ulceration on foot pain, impairment, disability and health‐related quality of life in patients already living with gout. The aim of the study was to describe the wound characteristics and the effect on foot pain, disability and health‐related quality of life in patients with foot ulceration associated with gout. Participants were recruited from rheumatology clinics in Auckland, New Zealand. All the current foot ulceration sites and wound characteristics were recorded using the TIME wound assessment tool. The outcome measures included general pain, patient global assessment scale, foot pain, disability and impairment. Participants completed the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule to assess the effect of ulcers on health‐related quality of life. Sensory loss, vibrational thresholds and ankle brachial pressure index were collated to assess for lower limb arterial disease. Six participants were predominantly older men with a long duration of gout, high rates of obesity and co‐morbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The mean (SD) duration of the foot ulcers was 4 (2) months. The majority of foot ulcers observed were 0·5 cm2 or smaller superficial thickness with surrounding callus. Partial thickness and full‐thickness ulcers were also observed. Two patients presented with ulcers on multiple sites. There was only one case of infection. Gouty tophi were evident in most of the wounds. The dorsal aspect of the third toe was found to ulcerate in most cases. Moderate scores of foot pain, disability, impairment and health‐related quality of life were observed. Most participants wore shoes deemed as poor. Foot ulceration in gout is chronic and multiple ulcers can occur with the potential of leading to delayed wound healing, infection and a reduced quality of life. Poor footwear may contribute to the development and delayed healing of ulceration in people with gout.
Spontaneous and Adenosine‐Induced Pulmonary Vein Reconnection After Cryoballoon Ablation with the Second‐Generation Device
Authors: CICONTE GIUSEPPE , CHIERCHIA GIAN‐BATTISTA , DE ASMUNDIS CARLO , SIEIRA JUAN , CONTE GIULIO , JULIÁ JUSTO , DI GIOVANNI GIACOMO , WAUTERS KRISTEL , BALTOGIANNIS GIANNIS , SAITOH YUKIO , MUGNAI GIACOMO , CATANZARITI DOMENICO , TONDO CLAUDIO , BRUGADA PEDRO 
Published: March 2014

Second‐generation Cryoballoon Ablation and Pulmonary Vein ReconnectionsIntroductionLonger observational time and adenosine challenge have proven to be able to detect pulmonary vein (PV) reconnections. The aim of this study was to assess incidence of spontaneous and adenosine‐induced PV reconnection after ablation with second‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐Adv).Methods and ResultsFifty consecutive patients (76% male, mean age 60.5 ± 11.9 years) having undergone PV isolation (PVI) using the CB‐Adv were enrolled. After isolation, reconnections were evaluated using the Achieve catheter over 30 minutes observation and adenosine administration during isoproterenol infusion (adenosine challenge). Among 200 PVs, isolation was achieved in 190 (95%) during the first application. Lower nadir temperature and longer rewarming time were associated with successful PVI (P = 0.02 and 0.04). Spontaneous (4 veins) and adenosine‐induced (4 veins) PV reconnections occurred in the 4% of initially isolated veins (8 veins) in 6 patients (12%). At receiver–operator curve analysis, nadir temperature <–51 °C and rewarming time >28 seconds identified absence of reconnections (sensitivity 100% and 87%, area under the curve 0.75 and 0.72). Patients with right‐sided early branching frequently experienced reconnections (P < 0.01). After a mean follow‐up of 7.0 ± 1.7 months, 86% of patients were free from atrial fibrillation. None of those with PV reconnections experienced recurrences.ConclusionsThe incidence of spontaneous and adenosine‐induced PV reconnection following ablation with the novel CB‐Adv is very low occurring in 4% of initially isolated veins. Nadir temperature <−51 °C and rewarming time >28 seconds identified absence of acute reconnections, thus avoiding prolonged waiting time and adenosine challenge in such cases.
A SURVEY OF RECENT RESEARCH IN CHINESE ECONOMIC HISTORY
Authors: Deng Kent 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the past two decades or so, the field of Chinese economic history has become bigger, more colourful, and more diversified than ever before. This article reviews the new development in scholarship in the filed of Chinese economic history. Apart from the lingering debate on China's performance in pre‐modern times (pre‐1750), China's growth and development in the 19th and 20th centuries has attracted more scholarly attention and thus has become increasingly more important in the understanding of China.
Hybrid molecules inhibiting myeloperoxidase activity and serotonin reuptake: a possible new approach of major depressive disorders with inflammatory syndrome
Authors: Soubhye Jalal , Aldib Iyas , Prévost Martine , Elfving Betina , Gelbcke Michel , Podrecca Manuel , Conotte Raphaël , Colet Jean-Marie , Furtmüller Paul G , Delporte Cédric , Rousseau Alexandre , Vanhaeverbeek Michel , Nève Jean , Obinger Christian , Zouaoui-Boudjeltia Karim , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Dufrasne François 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied with an imbalance in the immune system and cardiovascular impairments, such as atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms have been pointed out to underlie this rather unexpected association, and among them the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO). The aim of our study was to find compounds that inhibit both MPO and serotonin transporter (SERT) for treating MDD associated with cardiovascular diseases.

Methods
SERT inhibition was assessed with measuring of [3H]-serotonin uptake using HEK-293 MSR cells. MPO inhibition was determined by taurine chloramine test on 3-(aminoalkyl)-5-fluoroindole derivatives and on clinically relevant antidepressants. All kinetic measurements were performed using a temperature-controlled stopped-flow apparatus (model SX-18 MV). Promising lead compounds were docked onto SERT 3D structure modelled using the LeuT structure complexed to tryptophan (PDB code 3F3A). Their toxicological profile was also assessed.

Key findings
3-(aminoalkyl)-5-fluoroindole derivative with 5 carbons on the side chain and paroxetine showed the best activity on both MPO and SERT at the nanomolar range. Paroxetine was found to be the first irreversible MPO inhibitor at nanomolar concentrations.

Conclusions
Our results put forward the first hybrid molecule (compound 25) and drug (paroxetine) that can be especially used in MDD associated with inflammatory syndrome.
Comparative study on novel test systems to determine disintegration time of orodispersible films
Authors: Preis Maren , Gronkowsky Dorothee , Grytzan Dominik , Breitkreutz Jörg 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives
Orodispersible films (ODFs) are a promising innovative dosage form enabling drug administration without the need for water and minimizing danger of aspiration due to their fast disintegration in small amounts of liquid. This study focuses on the development of a disintegration test system for ODFs.

Methods
Two systems were developed and investigated: one provides an electronic end-point, and the other shows a transferable setup of the existing disintegration tester for orodispersible tablets. Different ODF preparations were investigated to determine the suitability of the disintegration test systems. The use of different test media and the impact of different storage conditions of ODFs on their disintegration time were additionally investigated.

Key findings
The experiments showed acceptable reproducibility (low deviations within sample replicates due to a clear determination of the measurement end-point). High temperatures and high humidity affected some of the investigated ODFs, resulting in higher disintegration time or even no disintegration within the tested time period.

Conclusions
The methods provided clear end-point detection and were applicable for different types of ODFs. By the modification of a conventional test system to enable application for films, a standard method could be presented to ensure uniformity in current quality control settings.
Laser-engineered dissolving microneedle arrays for protein delivery: potential for enhanced intradermal vaccination
Authors: McCrudden Maelíosa T C , Torrisi Barbara M , Al-Zahrani Sharifah , McCrudden Cian M , Zaric Marija , Scott Christopher J , Kissenpfennig Adrien , McCarthy Helen O , Donnelly Ryan F 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed to highlight the utility of novel dissolving microneedle (MN)-based delivery systems for enhanced transdermal protein delivery. Vaccination remains the most accepted and effective approach in offering protection from infectious diseases. In recent years, much interest has focused on the possibility of using minimally invasive MN technologies to replace conventional hypodermic vaccine injections.

Methods
The focus of this study was exploitation of dissolving MN array devices fabricated from 20% w/w poly(methyl vinyl ether/maleic acid) using a micromoulding technique, for the facilitated delivery of a model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA).

Key findings
A series of in-vitro and in-vivo experiments were designed to demonstrate that MN arrays loaded with OVA penetrated the stratum corneum and delivered their payload systemically. The latter was evidenced by the activation of both humoral and cellular inflammatory responses in mice, indicated by the production of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a) and inflammatory cytokines, specifically interferon-gamma and interleukin-4. Importantly, the structural integrity of the OVA following incorporation into the MN arrays was maintained.

Conclusion
While enhanced manufacturing strategies are required to improve delivery efficiency and reduce waste, dissolving MN are a promising candidate for ‘reduced-risk’ vaccination and protein delivery strategies.
Maternal attention and preterm infant feeding
Authors: Brown Lisa F. , Pickler Rita H. , Wetzel Paul A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among the mother's internal working model of feeding, attentional process, feeding behaviors, and responsiveness accounting for maternal psychological distress, which may contribute to preterm infants' feeding difficulties.Design and MethodsIn this descriptive study, 21 mother–preterm infant dyads were videotaped during feeding.ResultsSurprisingly, the internal working model of feeding was a significant negative predictor of maternal feeding behaviors and maternal attention. All other correlations were non‐significant.ConclusionsGiven the early timing of the data collection, it is possible that mothers had not developed a frame of reference of their infant as a person. Research to help further understand factors and timing affecting maternal feeding behaviors is needed.
Does distance between aquatic plant assemblages matter in defining similarity between them during high water‐level periods?
Authors: de Paiva José de Ribamar A. , Matias Lígia Q. , Martins Fernando R. , Becker Helena 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAquatic environments are subject to natural water‐level fluctuations. These fluctuations, in turn, are responsible for causing changes in biota in the aquatic environment, particularly those that colonize floodplains. The flood pulse concept predicts that water‐level fluctuations are responsible for the formation of mosaics in biota at a small scale. During high water‐level periods, however, there is evidence that the similarity among biological assemblages increases. Within this theoretical context, the present study focuses on determining whether or not the spatial distance between assemblages is a relevant factor for the similarity among them during high water‐level periods and, if not, what environmental variables are associated with them? Accordingly, the present study evaluated the association between aquatic plant assemblages and some environmental variables, with emphasis on the spatial distance among assemblages. The study results indicated no association between the similarity of the assemblages and the spatial distances between them. The environmental variables most associated with the assemblages were the total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations. It was concluded that, during high water‐level periods, the spatial distance between aquatic plant assemblages was not a relevant factor for greater similarity among them. Rather, the total phosphorus and nitrate concentrations were the environmental factors most associated with the assemblages.