bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wintering Sea Duck Distribution Along the Atlantic Coast of the United States
Authors: Silverman E. D. , Saalfeld D. T. , Leirness J. B. , Koneff M. D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough monitoring data for sea ducks (Tribe Mergini) are limited, current evidence suggests that four of the most common species wintering along the eastern coast of the United States—long-tailed duck Clangula hyemalis, white-winged scoter Melanitta fusca, surf scoter Melanitta perspicillata, and black scoter Melanitta americana—may be declining, while the status of American common eider Somateria mollissima dresseri is uncertain. The apparent negative trends, combined with the fact that sea duck life histories are among the most poorly documented of North American waterfowl, have led to concerns for these species and questions about the impacts of human activities, such as hunting, as well as catastrophic events and environmental change. During winter, thousands of sea ducks are found along the U.S. Atlantic coast, where they may be affected by proposed wind-power development, changes to marine traffic, aquaculture practices, sand mining, and other coastal development. Possible impacts are difficult to quantify because traditional winter waterfowl surveys do not cover many of the marine habitats used by sea ducks. Thus, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted an experimental survey of sea ducks from 2008 to 2011 to characterize their winter distributions along the U.S. Atlantic coast. Each year, data were collected on 11 species of sea ducks on &gt;200 transects, stretching from Maine to Florida. In this paper, we describe distribution of common eider, long-tailed duck, white-winged scoter, surf scoter, and black scoter. Densities of the two species with the most northerly distribution, white-winged scoter and common eider, were highest near Cape Cod and Nantucket. Long-tailed duck was most abundant around Cape Cod, Nantucket Shoals, and in Chesapeake Bay. Surf scoter also concentrated within Chesapeake Bay; however, they were additionally found in high densities in Delaware Bay, and along the Maryland–Delaware outer coast. Black scoter, the most widely distributed species, occurred at high densities along the South Carolina coast and the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Spatial patterns of high-density transects were consistent among years for all species except black scoter, which exhibited the most interannual variation in distribution. The distance from land, depth, and bottom slope where flocks were observed varied among species and regions, with a median distance of 3.8 km from land along the coastal transects and 75% of flocks observed over depths of &lt;16 m. Common eider and long-tailed duck were observed closer to shore and over steeper ocean bottoms than were the three scoter species. Our results represent the first large-scale quantitative description of winter sea duck distribution along the U.S. Atlantic coast, and should guide the development of sea duck monitoring programs and aid the assessment of potential impacts of ongoing and proposed offshore development.
Non‐destructive prospecting and virtual reconstruction of the chapel of the Holy Spirit in Lecce, Italy
Authors: Gabellone Francesco , Leucci Giovanni , Masini Nicola , Persico Raffaele , Quarta Giovanni , Grasso Fabio 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, we show the results of a GPR measurement campaign, combined with temperature and humidity measurements, gathered in a Renaissance monument of the 16th century in Lecce, Southern Italy. The data are processed by means of standard processing and the results interpreted with the aid of an archive research. Moreover, the reconstruction is inserted into a 3D virtual reconstruction of the monument, achieved by means of a laser scanner.
Estimating the 3D position and inclination of a planar interface with a directional borehole radar
Authors: Ebihara Satoshi , Kawai Hideaki , Wada Kazushige 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a signal processing method suitable for estimating the position of a planar interface and its inclination using a directional borehole radar. The receiving directive antenna in a radar system is a coaxial‐fed circular dipole array antenna in a borehole (CFCAB), which we have proposed previously. The method combines least‐square fitting with a model of plane‐wave incidence and uses an inverse boundary scattering transform. This approach makes it possible to estimate parameters from measurements collected at only two narrowly separated depths of a radar sonde. We give a numerical example to verify the proposed method. In this simulation, the array data were generated with the Method of Moments modified for a borehole radar. We conducted field experiments in the Nakatatsu mine in Japan, where there is a fault in the skarn. We constructed a 3D image of the fault with a directional borehole radar and the signal processing method. The image agrees well with the information obtained from boring core samples and observations in the gallery.
Circulating Fibrocytes Prepare the Lung for Cancer Metastasis by Recruiting Ly-6C+ Monocytes Via CCL2
Authors: van Deventer Hendrik W. , Palmieri Daniela A. , Wu Qing Ping , McCook Everett C. , Serody Jonathan S. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Fibrocytes are circulating, hematopoietic cells that express CD45 and Col1a1. They contribute to wound healing and several fibrosing disorders by mechanisms that are poorly understood. In this report, we demonstrate that fibrocytes predispose the lung to B16-F10 metastasis by recruiting Ly-6C+ monocytes. To do so, we isolated fibrocytes expressing CD45, CD11b, CD13, and Col1a1 from the lungs of wild type (WT) and Ccr5−/− mice. WT but not Ccr5−/− fibrocytes increased the number of metastatic foci when injected into Ccr5−/− mice (73 ± 2 versus 32 ± 5; p &lt; 0.001). This process was MMP9 dependent. Injection of WT enhanced GFP+ fibrocytes also increased the number of Gr-1Int, CD11b+, and enhanced GFP– monocytes. Like premetastatic-niche monocytes, these recruited cells expressed Ly-6C, CD117, and CD45. The transfer of these cells into Ccr5−/− mice enhanced metastasis (90 ± 8 foci) compared with B cells (27 ± 2), immature dendritic cells (31 ± 6), or alveolar macrophages (28 ± 3; p &lt; 0.05). WT and Ccl2−/− fibrocytes also stimulated Ccl2 expression in the lung by 2.07 ± 0.05- and 2.78 ± 0.36-fold compared with Ccr5−/− fibrocytes (1.0 ± 0.06; p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, WT fibrocytes did not increase Ly-6C+ monocytes in Ccr2−/− mice and did not promote metastasis in either Ccr2−/− or Ccl2−/− mice. These data support our hypothesis that fibrocytes contribute to premetastatic conditioning by recruiting Ly-6C+ monocytes in a chemokine-dependent process. This work links metastatic risk to conditions that mobilize fibrocytes, such as inflammation and wound repair.
Prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows from smallholder farms in Zimbabwe
Authors: Katsande Simbarashe , Matope Gift , Ndengu Masimba , Pfukenyi Davies M. 
Published: March 2013

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis and the associated factors in cows from selected smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe. Physical examinations were conducted on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis. Composite milk samples were collected from all lactating cows for bacterial culture and somatic cell counting. Cows were categorised as clinical if they exhibited clinical features of mastitis, or sub-clinical if no apparent signs were present but they had a positive bacterial isolation and a somatic cell count of at least 300 x 103 cells/mL. Farm-level factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The association of mastitis and animal- and herd-level factors were analysed using logistic regression. A total of 584 animals from 73 farms were tested. Overall, 21.1%(123/584) had mastitis, 16.3%(95/584) had sub-clinical mastitis and 4.8% (28/584) had clinical mastitis. Herd-level prevalence was 49.3%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (27.6%), Escherichia coli (25.2%), Staphylococcus aureus(16.3%), Klebsiella spp. (15.5%) and Streptococcus spp. (1.6%) were the most common isolates. In individual cows, pure dairy herds (OR = 6.3) and dairy crosses (OR = 3.1) were more likely to have mastitis compared to Mashona cows. Farms that used pre-milking teat dipping were associated with reduced mastitis prevalence. Further research is needed on the prevalence of mastitis and a comparison of data for both smallholder and commercial dairy farms in all regions of Zimbabwe should be undertaken.
Single Pass, Single Suture Technique for Repair of Traumatic Mydriasis
Authors: Angmo Dewang , Agarwal Tushar , Khokhar Sudarshan 
Published: March 2013

Purpose We describe a 52-year-old man with pseudophakia and traumatic mydriasis who presented with severe glare. Methods A modification of the Siepser sliding knot technique—single pass, single suture technique-allows the surgeon to create a locking knot at the extraocular space while maintaining a closed chamber, a safer and easier method for traumatic mydriasis repair. Results A reduction of pupil size from 8.0×7.8 mm to 5.5 mm was noted. The patient's complaint of glare was relieved and the glare acuity was 20/40 at 6 months follow-up. Conclusions We present a new, simpler application of the Siepser slipknot which can be used successfully for repair of traumatic mydriasis.
Primary Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes with Axial Length over 30 mm
Authors: Dugas Brice , Bron Alain M. , Minoyan Grégoire , Aho Serge , Berrod Jean-Paul , Creuzot-Garcher Catherine P. 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To assess the functional and anatomical outcome of primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in highly myopic eyes with axial length over 30 mm. Methods In this retrospective, interventional case series, we evaluated the outcome of primary vitrectomy without scleral buckling in 67 highly myopic patients (67 eyes) with RRD. Anatomical success rate was defined as complete reattachment of the retina without definitive silicone oil tamponade. Results Retinal reattachment was achieved with a single surgery in 49 of 67 eyes (73.1%) and after 2 or 3 surgeries in 54 eyes (80.6%). The characteristics of retinal tears did not influence the final outcome. Multivariate analysis revealed that a longer axial length was the only factor associated with a higher failure rate, p = 0.0061. Mean preoperative visual acuity significantly increased after surgery, p = 0.0003. Conclusions The study demonstrated fair efficacy of vitrectomy and fluid–gas exchange in the treatment of retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with an axial length over 30 mm.
Diurnal and Zonal Analysis of Corneal Surface Temperature in Young Healthy Adults
Authors: Moussa Sarah , Eppig Timo , Pattmöller Johanna , Zemova Elena , Seitz Berthold , Langenbucher Achim , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: March 2013

Purpose To determine diurnal changes and zonal differences of corneal surface temperature in young healthy adults following blinking. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal, single–center study, 19 healthy left eyes of 19 healthy subjects (age 23.6 ± 2.2 years) were recruited. Corneal surface temperature (CST) was measured by the Ocular Surface Thermographer TG-1000 (Tomey, Germany) at 3 different time points: 8:00–10:00, 11:00–13:00, and 15:00–18:00. The CST was measured every second for 10 seconds immediately after blinking. We assessed the temperature at the corneal center and at 3 peripheral quadrants at 3 (temporal), 6 (inferior), and 9 (nasal) o'clock at the corneal limbus. Results Mean central/temporal/nasal/inferior corneal surface temperatures were, between 11:00 and 13:00, 34.1 ± 0.5°C/34.2 ± 0.6°C/34.4 ± 0.5°C/34.6 ± 0.5°C. During 10 seconds following eye opening and between time points 1, 2, and 3, the observed corneal surface temperature parameters did not change significantly (p≥0.3 for all). However, there was a significant difference between temperatures at the nasal limbal area and the center of the cornea (p≤0.03 at each time point). In addition, the temperature was warmer nasally than temporally until 6 seconds and 8–10 seconds after blinking (p≤0.05 for seconds 0–6; 8–10 at time points 1, 2, and 3). Conclusions In healthy subjects, corneal surface temperature does not change diurnally and is warmer nasally than centrally and temporally during the interblinking interval. Our study leads to the assumption that diurnal changes of corneal temperature indicate ocular surface abnormality or corneal pathology.
In Situ Growth of The Interpenetrating Structure UiO‐66‐NH2/MWCNTs‐OH for The Detection of Phosphoproteins in Human Sweat
Authors: Ying Zhiye , Bian Ce , Qiao Lijuan , Liu Bingxin , Gao Li 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhosphorylated proteins in human sweat are found to be closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Real‐time, non‐invasive detection of changes in the types and levels of phosphorylated proteins in sweat is of significant clinical value for the prevention and diagnosis of these diseases. This research introduces an electrochemical sensor based on an in situ‐grown interpenetrating network structure of UiO‐66‐NH2/MWCNTs‐OH, specifically designed for detecting phosphorylated proteins in sweat. The sensor is tested with common phosphorylated and non‐phosphorylated proteins, demonstrating excellent selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability, with a limit of detection as low as 0.28 µmol L−1. Additionally, biotoxicity experiments conducted on SD rats and volunteers show that UiO‐66‐NH2/MWCNTs‐OH is biologically safe, making it suitable for use as a biosensor. Finally, the fabrication of the electrochemical sensing module provides a foundation for the development of subsequent wearable sensors.
Fundamentals of telehealth: A learning compendium for residents
Authors: Wang Lulu , Chandra Shruti , Nash Christopher J. , Fabiano Anthony (Tony) , Hou Peter C. , Whitehead David C. , Kolkin Alexander , Tomovic Milos , Hayden Emily M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundTelehealth is an integral part of modern care delivery. Accordingly, accrediting bodies have recognized the importance of telehealth in trainee education. In 2021, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published a report identifying telehealth learner core competencies in six domains: patient safety and appropriate use, access and equity, communication, data collection and assessment, ethical practices and legal requirements, and technology for telehealth. We present here a Fundamentals of Telehealth Resource Compendium for residents that fulfills these competencies.MethodsThe compendium was curated by a group of telehealth subject matter experts from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) Telehealth Interest Group, through a structured iterative process. Authors performed a literature review for open‐source telehealth educational resources. Each resource was rated for quality by two reviewers using the rMETRIQ score (Revised Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality). Resources with the highest composite rMETRIQ reviewer score were included in the final collection.ResultsScores for resources ranged from 2 to 21 (with a maximum possible rMETRIQ score of 21). Of 201 resources reviewed and rated, 57 were included in the final collection. A Fundamentals of Telehealth section was added as an introduction (five resources)—these resources did not undergo the rMETRIQ scoring process.ConclusionsThis telehealth compendium is a resource from which residency programs can further tailor site‐specific training. Alternatively, an individual can use this compendium as a self‐study tool to gain a basic understanding of telehealth and its intersection with emergency medicine. Note that while this compendium is designed for the resident‐level learner, it is easily adaptable to a learner of any level, as many underlying concepts remain the same.
Reducing physical assaults on residents through implementation of project BETA: Best practices in the evaluation and treatment of agitation
Authors: Roppolo Lynn , Choe Joshua L. , Beyer Luke , Blumberg Garrett , Morris David W. , Metzger Jeffery , Leaf Jedidiah , Salazar Gilberto , Bishop‐Penn Deborah , Kirk A. J. , Ramdin Christine , Khan Fuad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackground and objectivesWe created a multitude of initiatives that were in line with the principles of the BETA (Best Practices in the Evaluation and Treatment of Agitation) guidelines to determine if these initiatives would reduce the physical assault rate by patients on emergency medicine (EM) residents.MethodsWe conducted three cross‐sectional surveys of our EM residents (PGY‐1 to ‐3) to determine the incidence of physical assaults by agitated patients at a large county hospital emergency department. These were primarily anonymous REDCap surveys and were administered at the following intervals: (1) pre–BETA initiative implementation, (2) approximately 12 months after implementation, and (3) 5 years postimplementation. Unfortunately, the in‐person deescalation, self‐defense, and simulation training were canceled 2 years prior to the last survey due to COVID‐19. The second survey only looked at the incidence of physical assaults during the prior 6 months whereas the other two surveys evaluated the incidence of physical assaults since starting residency.ResultsThe survey response rates for the three REDCap surveys were 76% (50/66), 80% (53/66), and 71% (49/69), respectively. The percentage of EM residents who were physically assaulted per survey period were as follows: preimplementation cumulative assaults 28% (14/50), 12 months after implementation for 1 full academic year 11.3% (6/53), and postimplementation cumulative assaults during residency 5 years later 30.6% (15/49). The two independent‐samples proportions tests comparing the number of physical assaults before and approximately 12 months after all of these initiatives were implemented was significant (p = 0.032).ConclusionsAn education and training curriculum designed to improve EM residents’ ability to manage agitated patients may reduce the incidence of physical assaults on them by patients in their care. However, the decrease in physical assaults after these initiatives followed by the increase in physical assaults experienced after the COVID‐19 pandemic are most likely multifactorial.
Randomized crossover trial comparing two open surgical cricothyrotomy techniques
Authors: Suria Ezra , Mallows James L. , Salter Mark D. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveEmergency cricothyrotomy is a life‐saving procedure that is performed in “can't intubate can't oxygenate” scenario. A recent study comparing an open surgical technique using a bougie and endotracheal tube (ETT) with a Seldinger technique using the Cook Melker catheter showed that the open technique was quicker but suggested that the open technique could be quicker if using the Melker catheter instead of a bougie and ETT. The objective of this study was to compare the surgical technique using bougie and ETT with an open technique using the Melker catheter.MethodsA randomized crossover trial was conducted involving emergency physicians (EPs) and trainees. Participants performed both techniques in succession on an airway model, with the technique performed first being randomized for each participant. The primary outcome was time to first insufflation of the artificial lung. Participants also indicated their comfort with each technique on a 5‐point Likert scale and which technique they preferred.ResultsSeventeen EPs and 19 trainees participated. The Melker catheter technique was performed quicker with a mean time of 29.2 s versus 44.3 s for the bougie/ETT technique (difference 15.1 s, 95% confidence interval 10.8–19.4 s). The Melker catheter was most preferred by participants (61% vs. 39%). There was no significant difference in the comfort ratings between each technique. Time to model lung insufflation was not affected by training level or time since last performed a cricothyrotomy, either real or simulated.ConclusionsThe Melker catheter was quicker to perform and the most preferred by participants.
The standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) in emergency medicine: The internal validity of the SLOE 2.0
Authors: Mannix Alexandra , Hegarty Cullen B. , Bord Sharon , Beardsley Thomas , Monteiro Sandra , Alvarez Alai , Davis Teresa , Gore Katarzyna , Parsons Melissa , Pandey Aman , Krzyzaniak Sara M. , Gottlieb Michael 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe standardized letter of evaluation (SLOE) is a crucial component of emergency medicine (EM) residency applications. Initially developed in 1995 and revised to electronic SLOE (eSLOE) 2.0, this tool aims to provide a standardized evaluation of medical students.ObjectiveThis study aimed to conduct internal validation by analyzing the distribution and correlation of scores in eSLOE 2.0 and identify any ranking skew.MethodsA multi‐institutional cross‐sectional study conducted using eSLOE 2.0 data from applicants to five geographically diverse U.S. EM residency programs during the 2022–2023 application cycle. Data from 2891 eSLOE 2.0 s across 1633 applicants were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square, and Spearman's rho.ResultsScores for all questions were moderately left‐skewed. The mean scores for all part B questions were above 4.0. Strong correlations were found between part A and B scores with anticipated guidance (AG) and rank list (RL) positions. The AG had a higher correlation with RL positions than grades. The mean RL score indicated that the average student fell between the middle and top thirds.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates left skew in eSLOE 2.0 scoring, including a higher prevalence of scores in the fully and mostly entrustable ranges for part A and the consistently high scores in part B.
Pesticide Behaviors Under Output Price Risk: Evidence From China's Lychee Market
Authors: Pan Zheng , Zheng Xuyun , Huang Chukun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe influence of output price risk on pesticide behavior is a critical area of research. This study explores the effect of output price risk on pesticide consumption by combining a nationally representative sample of lychee farmers with high‐frequency prices along the supply chain in China. Our findings robustly demonstrate that agricultural households significantly increase their pesticide expenditure when output price risk rises. Furthermore, we identify that the operating mechanism is driven by increased nonfarm work participation among peer households. The heterogeneity analysis indicates that the effects of output price risk are especially pronounced in the consumption of herbicides and conditioners and among small‐scale households. In the analysis of typical plots, we further find that agricultural households tend to increase spraying intensity instead of spraying frequency. The insights derived from this study can assist policymakers in formulating agricultural policies to enhance farmers' pesticide management practices amid the instability of output prices.