bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and muscle quality defined by myosteatosis
Authors: Kim Hwi Seung , Cho Yun Kyung , Kim Myung Jin , Kim Eun Hee , Lee Min Jung , Lee Woo Je , Kim Hong-Kyu , Jung Chang Hee 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMyosteatosis, ectopic fat accumulation in skeletal muscle, is a crucial component of sarcopenia, linked to various cardiometabolic diseases. This study aimed to analyze the association between dyslipidemia and myosteatosis using abdominal computed tomography (CT) in a large population.MethodsThis study included 11,823 patients not taking lipid-lowering medications with abdominal CT taken between 2012 and 2013. Total abdominal muscle area (TAMA), measured at the L3 level, was segmented into skeletal muscle area (SMA) and intramuscular adipose tissue. SMA was further classified into normal attenuation muscle area (NAMA: good quality muscle) and low attenuation muscle area (poor quality muscle). NAMA divided by TAMA (NAMA/TAMA) represents good quality muscle. Atherosclerotic dyslipidemia was defined as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) less than 40 mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) greater than 160 mg/dL, triglycerides (TG) greater than 150 mg/dL, small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C) greater than 50.0 mg/dL, or apolipoprotein B/A1 (apoB/A1) greater than 0.08.ResultsThe adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of dyslipidemia according to the HDL-C and sdLDL definitions were greater in both sexes in the lower quartiles (Q1~3) of NAMA/TAMA compared with Q4. As per other definitions, the ORs were significantly increased in only women for LDL-C and only men for TG and ApoB/A1. In men, all lipid parameters were significantly associated with NAMA/TAMA, while TG and ApoB/A1 did not show significant association in women.ConclusionMyosteatosis measured in abdominal CT was significantly associated with a higher risk of dyslipidemia. Myosteatosis may be an important risk factor for dyslipidemia and ensuing cardiometabolic diseases.
User perceptions of intelligent offloading diabetic footwear
Authors: Hemler Sarah L. , Sommerich Carolyn M. , Correia Jorge C. , Pataky Zoltan 
Published: August 2024

AimsAdherence to therapeutic footwear is vital for effective diabetic foot ulcer prevention and treatment. Understanding the key adherence factors and potential barriers is important for footwear design and implementation. Our team is creating intelligent offloading footwear to prevent lower extremity amputations in people living with diabetes (PLwD). This exploratory study assessed the ability of the established Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to predict behavioral intention to use or recommend this intelligent offloading footwear by PLwD, caregivers of PLwD, or medical professionals treating PLwD.MethodsOnline and paper questionnaires were implemented to assess the impact of the UTAUT model factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions) and psychosocial factors (attitude, anxiety, self-efficacy) on the overall behavioral intention to use the footwear. Furthermore, factors influencing potential acceptance and rejection of the footwear were explored.ResultsPatients (4.0/5) and medical professionals (4.1/5) showed a behavioral intention to “agree” to use or recommend the footwear when it becomes available. Structural equation modeling showed that the UTAUT constructed model may not be the best indicator for behavioral intention here based on a lack of statistical significance. However, the logistic regression modeling showed that the social influence for PLwD (p=0.004) and the attitude toward the footwear for medical professionals (p=0.001) may be the most important when designing and implementing the footwear, though several other factors (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and self-efficacy) were also important for one or both of these populations. Additionally, cost and clinician support were shown to be important factors influencing potential acceptance of the footwear.ConclusionsThe study found promising intention to use the intelligent footwear in the future. This highlights the need to continue future development and implementation of the footwear to incorporate these results, thus improving the likelihood of high adherence of the footwear.
A comparative evaluation of bioequivalence of Gan & Lee glargine U300 and Toujeo® in Chinese healthy male participants
Authors: Li Xiaoli , He Anshun , Liu Bingyan , Shan Rongfang , Zhu Juan , Li Xiaoyue , Xie Tian , Li Yue , Chen Mengmeng , Su He , Zhang Chaoyang , Li Lufeng , Cheng Dongmei , Chen Juan , Wang Ying , Su Yue , Xu Yuanyuan , Li Zhuoran , Zhou Huan , Chen Wei , Liu Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTo assess the bioequivalence between Gan &amp; Lee (GL) glargine U300 and Toujeo® regarding pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety in Chinese healthy male participants.MethodsA single-center, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, two-preparation, two-sequence, four-cycle repeated crossover design study was performed to compare GL glargine U300 and Toujeo® in 40 healthy participants. The primary PK endpoints were the area under the curve of glargine metabolites, M1 concentration from 0 to 24 hours (AUC0-24h), and the maximum glargine concentration within 24 hours post-dose (Cmax). The primary PD endpoints were the area under the glucose infusion rate (GIR) curve from 0 to 24 hours (AUCGIR.0-24h) and the maximum GIR within 24 hours post-dose (GIRmax).ResultsGL Glargine U300 demonstrated comparable PK parameters (AUC0–24h, Cmax, AUC0–12h, and AUC12–24h of M1) and PD responses [AUCGIR.0–24h, GIRmax, AUCGIR.0–12h, and AUCGIR.12–24h] to those of Toujeo®, as indicated by 90% confidence intervals ranging from 80% to 125%. No significant disparities in safety profiles were observed between the two treatment groups, and there were no reported instances of serious adverse events.ConclusionThe PK, PD, and safety of GL glargine U300 were bioequivalent to that of Toujeo®.Clinical trial registrationhttps://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/, identifier CTR20212419.
Evaluating the significance of ECSCR in the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and drug efficacy assessment
Authors: Feng Bin , Zhang Yanqiu , Qiao Longwei , Tang Qingqin , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Sheng , Qiu Jun , Zhou Xianping , Huang Chao , Liang Yuting 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe main challenge in diagnosing and treating ulcerative colitis (UC) has prompted this study to discover useful biomarkers and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodsIn this study, transcriptomic data from intestinal mucosal biopsies underwent Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) analysis to identify differential genes. These genes intersected with UC key genes from Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). Machine learning identified UC signature genes, aiding predictive model development. Validation involved external data for diagnostic, progression, and drug efficacy assessment, along with ELISA testing of clinical serum samples.ResultsRRA integrative analysis identified 251 up-regulated and 211 down-regulated DEGs intersecting with key UC genes in WGCNA, yielding 212 key DEGs. Subsequently, five UC signature biomarkers were identified by machine learning based on the key DEGs—THY1, SLC6A14, ECSCR, FAP, and GPR109B. A logistic regression model incorporating these five genes was constructed. The AUC values for the model set and internal validation data were 0.995 and 0.959, respectively. Mechanistically, activation of the IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in UC was indicated by KEGG and GSVA analyses, which were positively correlated with the signature biomarkers. Additionally, the expression of the signature biomarkers was strongly correlated with various UC types and drug efficacy in different datasets. Notably, ECSCR was found to be upregulated in UC serum and exhibited a positive correlation with neutrophil levels in UC patients.ConclusionsTHY1, SLC6A14, ECSCR, FAP, and GPR109B can serve as potential biomarkers of UC and are closely related to signaling pathways associated with UC progression. The discovery of these markers provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of UC.
The future of medicine: an outline attempt using state-of-the-art business and scientific trends
Authors: Agyralides Gregorios 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionCurrently, there is a lot of discussion about the future of medicine. From research and development to regulatory approval and access to patients until the withdrawal of a medicinal product from the market, there have been many challenges and a lot of barriers to overcome. In parallel, the business environment changes rapidly. So, the big question is how the pharma ecosystem will evolve in the future.MethodsThe current literature about the latest business and scientific evolutions and trends was reviewed.ResultsIn the business environment, vast changes have taken place via the development of the internet as well as the Internet of Things. A new approach to production has emerged in a frame called Creative Commons; producer and consumer may be gradually identified in the context of the same process. As technology rapidly evolves, it is dominated by Artificial Intelligence (AI), its subset, Machine Learning, and the use of Big Data and Real-World Data (RWD) to produce Real-World Evidence (RWE). Nanotechnology is an inter-science field that gives new opportunities for the manufacturing of devices and products that have dimensions of a billionth of a meter. Artificial Neural Networks and Deep Learning (DL) are mimicking the use of the human brain, combining computer science with new theoretical foundations for complex systems. The implementation of these evolutions has already been initiated in the medicinal products’ lifecycle, including screening of drug candidates, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance (PV), marketing authorization, manufacturing, and the supply chain. This has emerged as a new ecosystem which features characteristics such as free online tools and free data available online. Personalized medicine is a breakthrough field where tailor-made therapeutic solutions can be provided customized to the genome of each patient.ConclusionVarious interactions take place as the pharma ecosystem and technology rapidly evolve. This can lead to better, safer, and more effective treatments that are developed faster and with a more solid, data-driven and evidence-concrete approach, which will drive the benefit for the patient.
Comparison of effect and safety of phacoemulsification surgery performed by resident and attending physicians
Authors: Wu Siteng , Yao Dongwei , Hua Shanshan , Li Xiangzhe , Shi Yan 
Published: August 2024

AimThe objective of this study is to compare the effect and safety of phacoemulsification surgery performed by resident and attending physicians.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. Eyes with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University between January 2021 and December 2023 were reviewed. All the patients were followed up for at least 12 months and were divided into two groups according to the surgery performer. SPSS was used to analyze data, considering p &lt; 0.05 significant.ResultsOverall, 316 patients with cataract in group 1 (surgery performed by resident physician, n = 181) and group 2 (surgery performed by attending physician, n = 135) were reviewed. There were no statistically significant differences in patient demographics variables and cataract grade between the groups. The resident surgeon used more cumulative dissipate energy (15.00 ± 7.25 vs. 10.83 ± 6.52, p &lt; 0.001) and operation time (20.46 ± 5.69 vs. 12.59 ± 4.61 min, p &lt; 0.001) to complete the surgery. Also, the ECL in group 1 was higher (14.87 ± 5.00 vs. 10.77 ± 4.46, p &lt; 0.001). The eyes had significant visual improvement in both groups postoperatively (p &lt; 0.05), but at the 12-month follow-up, eyes in group 2 had better best-corrected visual acuity [0.10 (0.00, 0.22) vs. 0.10 (0.10, 0.22) logMAR, p = 0.039]. Except for month 1, the intraocular pressure was no statistical difference in group 1 and group 2 (14.65 ± 2.52 vs. 15.30 ± 2.34 mmHg, p = 0.019). Cases in group 1 were more likely to undergo intraoperative and postoperative complications (37 vs. 14, p = 0.031), including cornea edema (p = 0.025), capsule tear (p = 0.044), and posterior capsular opacification (p = 0.027).ConclusionThe effect of phacoemulsification surgery performed by the resident physician is satisfying, but compared to the attending physician, the higher probability of complications should be paid more attention.
A study exploring the causal relationship between glaucoma and anxiety disorders
Authors: Lin Bin , Xu Meng , Chen Long-long , Li Dong-kan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundGlaucoma, a leading cause of global blindness, is characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Previous studies have suggested a potential association between glaucoma and anxiety disorders. However, the causal relationship between these two conditions remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we conducted a Mendelian Randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationship between glaucoma and anxiety disorders. We sourced Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) datasets for glaucoma and anxiety with the largest sample sizes from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit OpenGWAS (IEU OpenGWAS) project website. Instrumental variables were selected based on specific criteria, and statistical analyses were performed using the R programming language.ResultsAfter filtering and merging the datasets, a total of 60 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained for analysis. Regression models were applied to assess the causal relationship between glaucoma and anxiety disorders. The results from all four methods indicated that glaucoma does not cause anxiety disorders (p &gt; 0.05).ConclusionThrough rigorous Mendelian Randomization analysis, our findings indicate that glaucoma is not a causative factor for anxiety, with minimal influence from confounding factors in this study. These findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between glaucoma and anxiety.
Quality evaluation of selected expired fluoroquinolones medicines obtained from the public hospitals in Jimma zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Habtamu , Belew Sileshi , Hasen Gemmechu , Tefera Guta , Mekasha Yesuneh Tefera , Suleman Sultan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe problem of medicine expiration presents a notable obstacle, resulting in considerable financial losses. Nevertheless, there is currently limited data indicating that certain medications do not experience a significant decrease in effectiveness after their expiration date. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the physico-chemical quality of expired fluoroquinolone antibiotics.MethodsThe expired samples of fluoroquinolone antibiotics were purposively collected from public hospitals in the Jimma zone of the Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. A World Health Organization quality evaluation sampling strategy was employed. Then, simple random sampling techniques were utilized for the selection of tablets for the laboratory quality control test. The assay, identification, and dissolution were performed in accordance with the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) guidelines, as well as failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) techniques.ResultsThe finding revealed that about 100% (7/7) expired samples passed pharmacopeia quality specifications for identity and assay tests. However, of the seven expired brands, about 14.3% (1/7) of the sample (Code-002) was unable to release its API content within the USP criteria of 30 min. The risk-based quality evaluation revealed that assay was the most critical quality attributed to ciprofloxacin tablets (RPN = 189), followed by identity (RPN = 100). Assay was also the most critical quality attribute (RPN = 378), followed by identity (RPN = 100) for Norfloxacin tablets. The risk-based desirability function approach showed that 75% (3/4) of ciprofloxacin products were of good quality, and 25% (1) were found to be of acceptable quality, while the desirability function of norfloxacin tablets was found to be excellent 1 (33.3%), good 1 (33.3%), and acceptable 1 (33.3%).ConclusionThe study revealed that medications can maintain their quality beyond their labeled expiration date. By combining pharmacopeial standards with risk-based approaches like failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), the study provides a comprehensive evaluation framework. This approach not only confirms the continued effectiveness of expired fluoroquinolone antibiotics but also underscores the potential waste reduction and cost-saving benefits. This could significantly contribute to addressing healthcare challenges in low-resource settings, promoting more efficient pharmaceutical resource utilization.
Clinical predictive value of pre-pregnancy tests for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Jinming , Li Dan , Guo Zhenglong , Ren Yanxin , Wang Li , Liu Yuehua , Kang Kai , Shi Weili , Huang Jianmei , Liao Shixiu , Hao Yibin 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionEarly prediction and intervention are crucial for the prognosis of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (uRSA). The main purpose of this study is to establish a risk prediction model for uRSA based on routine pre-pregnancy tests, in order to provide clinical physicians with indications of whether the patients are at high risk.MethodsThis was a retrospective study conducted at the Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022. Twelve routine pre-pregnancy tests and four basic personal information characteristics were collected. Pre-pregnancy tests include thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine thyroid (FT4), thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), thyroid globulin antibody (TG-Ab), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH) D], ferritin (Ferr), Homocysteine (Hcy), vitamin B12 (VitB12), folic acid (FA). Basic personal information characteristics include age, body mass index (BMI), smoking history and drinking history. Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a risk prediction model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were employed to evaluate the performance of prediction model.ResultsA total of 140 patients in uRSA group and 152 women in the control group were randomly split into a training set (n = 186) and a testing set (n = 106). Chi-square test results for each single characteristic indicated that, FT3 (p = 0.018), FT4 (p = 0.048), 25-(OH) D (p = 0.013) and FA (p = 0.044) were closely related to RSA. TG-Ab and TPO-Ab were also important characteristics according to clinical experience, so we established a risk prediction model for RSA based on the above six characteristics using logistic regression analysis. The prediction accuracy of the model on the testing set was 74.53%, and the area under ROC curve was 0.710. DCA curve indicated that the model had good clinical value.ConclusionPre-pregnancy tests such as FT3, FT4, TG-Ab, 25-(OH)D and FA were closely related to uRSA. This study successfully established a risk prediction model for RSA based on routine pre-pregnancy tests.
Impact of AI-assisted CXR analysis in detecting incidental lung nodules and lung cancers in non-respiratory outpatient clinics
Authors: Kwak Se Hyun , Kim Kyeong Yeon , Choi Ji Soo , Kim Min Chul , Seol Chang Hwan , Kim Sung Ryeol , Lee Eun Hye 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe use of artificial intelligence (AI) for chest X-ray (CXR) analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent in medical environments. This study aimed to determine whether AI in CXR can unexpectedly detect lung nodule detection and influence patient diagnosis and management in non-respiratory outpatient clinics.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients over 18 years of age, who underwent CXR at Yongin Severance Hospital outpatient clinics between March 2021 and January 2023 and were identified to have lung nodules through AI software, were included. Commercially available AI-based lesion detection software (Lunit INSIGHT CXR) was used to detect lung nodules.ResultsOut Of 56,802 radiographic procedures, 40,191 were from non-respiratory departments, with AI detecting lung nodules in 1,754 cases (4.4%). Excluding 139 patients with known lung lesions, 1,615 patients were included in the final analysis. Out of these, 30.7% (495/1,615) underwent respiratory consultation and 31.7% underwent chest CT scans (512/1,615). As a result of the CT scans, 71.5% (366 cases) were found to have true nodules. Among these, the final diagnoses included 36 lung cancers (7.0%, 36/512), 141 lung nodules requiring follow-up (27.5%, 141/512), 114 active pulmonary infections (22.3%, 114/512), and 75 old inflammatory sequelae (14.6%, 75/512). The mean AI nodule score for lung cancer was significantly higher than that for other nodules (56.72 vs. 33.44, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, active pulmonary infection had a higher consolidation score, and old inflammatory sequelae had the highest fibrosis score, demonstrating differences in the AI analysis among the final diagnosis groups.ConclusionThis study indicates that AI-detected incidental nodule abnormalities on CXR in non-respiratory outpatient clinics result in a substantial number of clinically significant diagnoses, emphasizing AI’s role in detecting lung nodules and need for further evaluation and specialist consultation for proper diagnosis and management.
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Scleroderma bovista improves growth of hazelnut seedlings and plays a role in auxin signaling and transport
Authors: Cheng Yunqing , Sun Siyu , Lou Hanxiao , Dong Yutong , He Hongli , Mei Qi , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionScleroderma bovista can form symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi with hazel roots. The mechanism through which S. bovista promotes hazelnut growth remains unclear.MethodsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of ectomycorrhizal fungus S. bovista on the growth and development of hazel roots and gene expression changes through comparative transcriptome analysis.ResultsAfter inoculation with S. bovista, the fungus symbiotically formed ectomycorrhiza with hazel roots. The fresh weights of the aboveground and underground parts of My treatment (inoculated with S. bovista and formed mycorrhiza) were much higher than those of the control, respectively. The length, project area, surface area, volume, forks, and diameter of the inoculated seedlings root were 1.13 to 2.48 times higher than those of the control. In the paired comparison, 3,265 upregulated and 1,916 downregulated genes were identified. The most significantly enriched Gene Ontology term for the upregulated Differentially Expressed Genes was GO:0005215 (transporter activity). Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the expression levels of auxin and Auxin Response Factor9 were significantly increased by S. bovista after the formation of mycorrhizal fungi in hazelnut root tips.DiscussionThese results indicate that genes related to auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, and transport of nutrients may contribute to root development regulation in hazel ectomycorrhiza.