bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Resident Use of iPad Mini Mobile Devices
Authors: Niehaus William , Boimbo Sandra , Akuthota Venu 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research on the use of tablet devices in residency programs has been undertaken in radiology and medicine or with standard‐sized tablet devices. With new, smaller tablet devices, there is an opportunity to assess their effect on resident behavior. This prospective study attempts to evaluate resident behavior after receiving a smaller tablet device.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether smaller tablet computers facilitate residents' daily tasks.DesignProspective study that administered surveys to evaluate tablet computer use.SettingResidency program.ParticipantsThirteen physical medicine and rehabilitation residents.MethodsResidents were provided 16‐GB iPad Minis and surveyed with Redcap to collect usage information at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Survey analysis was conducted using SAS (SAS, Cary, NC) for descriptive analysis.Main Outcome MeasurementsTo evaluate multiple areas of resident education, the following tasks were selected: accessing e‐mail, logging duty hours, logging procedures, researching clinical information, accessing medical journals, reviewing didactic presentations, and completing evaluations. Then, measurements were taken of: (1) residents' response to how tablet computers made it easier to access the aforementioned tasks; and (2) residents' response to how tablet computers affected the frequency they performed the aforementioned tasks.ResultsAfter being provided tablet computers, our physical medicine and rehabilitation residents reported significantly greater access to e‐mail, medical journals, and didactic material. Also, receiving tablet computers was reported to increase the frequency that residents accessed e‐mail, researched clinical information, accessed medical journals, reviewed didactic presentations, and completed evaluations. After receiving a tablet computer, residents reported an increase in the use of calendar programs, note‐taking programs, PDF readers, online storage programs, and file organization programs.ConclusionsThese physical medicine and rehabilitation residents reported tablet computers increased access to e‐mail, presentation material, and medical journals. Tablet computers also were reported to increase the frequency residents were able to complete tasks associated with residency training.
Dry Needling Alters Trigger Points in the Upper Trapezius Muscle and Reduces Pain in Subjects With Chronic Myofascial Pain
Authors: Gerber Lynn H. , Shah Jay , Rosenberger William , Armstrong Kathryn , Turo Diego , Otto Paul , Heimur Juliana , Thaker Nikki , Sikdar Siddhartha 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether dry needling of an active myofascial trigger point (MTrP) reduces pain and alters the status of the trigger point to either a non–spontaneously tender nodule or its resolution.DesignA prospective, nonrandomized, controlled, interventional clinical study.SettingUniversity campus.ParticipantsA total of 56 subjects with neck or shoulder girdle pain of more than 3 months duration and active MTrPs were recruited from a campus‐wide volunteer sample. Of these, 52 completed the study (23 male and 33 female). Their mean age was 35.8 years.InterventionsThree weekly dry needling treatments of a single active MTrP.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary Outcomes: Baseline and posttreatment evaluations of pain using a verbal analogue scale, the Brief Pain Inventory, and the status of the MTrP as determined by digital palpation. Trigger points were rated as active (spontaneously painful), latent (requiring palpation to reproduce the characteristic pain), or resolved (no palpable nodule).Secondary OutcomesProfile of Mood States, Oswestry Disability Index, and Short Form 36 scores, and cervical range of motion.ResultsPrimary outcomes: A total of 41 subjects had a change in trigger point status from active to latent or resolved, and 11 subjects had no change (P < .001). Reduction in all pain scores was significant (P < .001). Secondary outcomes: Significant improvement in posttreatment cervical rotational asymmetry in subjects as follows: unilateral/bilateral MTrPs (P = .001 and P = 21, respectively); in pain pressure threshold in subjects with unilateral/bilateral MTrPs, (P = .006 and P = .012, respectively); improvement in the SF‐36 mental health and physical functioning subscale scores (P = .019 and P = .03), respectively; and a decrease in the Oswestry Disability Index score (P = .003).ConclusionsDry needling reduces pain and changes MTrP status. Change in trigger point status is associated with a statistically and clinically significant reduction in pain. Reduction of pain is associated with improved mood, function, and level of disability.
Law, Religion, and Feeling Included/Excluded: Case Studies in Canadian Religious Freedom Litigation
Authors: Kislowicz Howard 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Based on a small qualitative study of three religious freedom cases, this article uses litigant narratives as springboards for reflection on the theme of inclusion in the Canadian political community. The article attends to the affective dimension of inclusion, focusing on whether participants felt included or excluded. Successful litigants told narratives of Canada as a country in which they could be included in public life without forgoing their religious practices. The narratives of unsuccessful litigants were more complex. These particular litigants did not have a desire to participate in public practices and institutions. Rather, their narratives understood religious freedom on a contractual basis, portraying their loss in court as a breach of covenant. Moreover, though these narratives contained themes of rejection and exclusion, participants said that they had faith enough in their eventual success that they would stay in Canada rather than emigrate.
Measurements of the coupling between the tumbling of rods and the velocity gradient tensor in turbulence
Authors: Ni Rui , Kramel Stefan , Ouellette Nicholas T. , Voth Greg A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present simultaneous experimental measurements of the dynamics of anisotropic particles transported by a turbulent flow and the velocity gradient tensor of the flow surrounding them. We track both rod-shaped particles and small spherical flow tracers using stereoscopic particle tracking. By using scanned illumination, we are able to obtain a high enough seeding density of tracers to measure the full velocity gradient tensor near the rod. The alignment of rods with the vorticity and the eigenvectors of the strain rate from experimental results agree well with numerical findings. A full description of the tumbling of rods in turbulence requires specifying a seven-dimensional joint probability density function (jPDF) of five scalars characterizing the velocity gradient tensor and two scalars describing the relative orientation of the rod. If these seven parameters are known, then Jeffery’s equation specifies the rod tumbling rate and any statistic of rod rotations can be obtained as a weighted average over the jPDF. To look for a lower-dimensional projection to simplify the problem, we explore conditional averages of the mean-squared tumbling rate. The conditional dependence of the mean-squared tumbling rate on the magnitude of both the vorticity and the strain rate is strong, as expected, and similar. There is also a strong dependence on the orientation between the rod and the vorticity, since a rod aligned with the vorticity vector tumbles due to strain but not vorticity. When conditioned on the alignment of the rod with the eigenvectors of the strain rate, the largest tumbling rate is obtained when the rod is oriented at a certain angle to the eigenvector that corresponds to the smallest eigenvalue, because this particular orientation maximizes the contribution from both the vorticity and strain.
Measurement of the dispersion relation for random surface gravity waves
Authors: Taklo Tore Magnus A. , Trulsen Karsten , Gramstad Odin , Krogstad Harald E. , Jensen Atle 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe report laboratory experiments and numerical simulations of the Zakharov equation, designed to have sufficient resolution in space and time to measure the dispersion relation for random surface gravity waves. The experiments and simulations are carried out for a JONSWAP spectrum and Gaussian spectra of various bandwidths on deep water. It is found that the measured dispersion relation deviates from the linear dispersion relation above the spectral peak when the bandwidth is sufficiently narrow.
Enumeration, orthogonality and completeness of the incompressible Coriolis modes in a sphere
Authors: Ivers D. J. , Jackson A. , Winch D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe consider incompressible flows in the rapid-rotation limit of small Rossby number and vanishing Ekman number, in a bounded volume with a rigid impenetrable rotating boundary. Physically the flows are inviscid, almost rigid rotations. We interpret the Coriolis force, modified by a pressure gradient, as a linear operator acting on smooth inviscid incompressible flows in the volume. The eigenfunctions of the Coriolis operator$\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$so defined are the inertial modes (including any Rossby modes) and geostrophic modes of the rotating volume. We show$\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$is a bounded operator and that$-\text{i}\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$is symmetric, so that the Coriolis modes of different frequencies are orthogonal. We prove that the space of incompressible polynomial flows of degree$N$or less in a sphere is invariant under$\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$. The symmetry of$-\text{i}\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$thus implies the Coriolis operator is non-defective on the finite-dimensional space of spherical polynomial flows. This enables us to enumerate the Coriolis modes, and to establish their completeness using the Weierstrass polynomial approximation theorem. The fundamental tool, which is required to establish invariance of spherical polynomial flows under$\boldsymbol{{\mathcal{C}}}$and completeness, is that the solution of the polynomial Poisson–Neumann problem, i.e. Poisson’s equation with a Neumann boundary condition and polynomial data, in a sphere is a polynomial. We also enumerate the Coriolis modes in a sphere, with careful consideration of the geostrophic modes, directly from the known analytic solutions.
Effects of sodium benzoate on pre-pulse inhibition deficits and hyperlocomotion in mice after administration of phencyclidine
Authors: Matsuura Akiko , Fujita Yuko , Iyo Masaomi , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveA recent clinical study demonstrated that sodium benzoate (SB), a prototype competitived-amino acid oxidase inhibitor, was effective in the treatment of several symptoms, such as positive and negative symptoms, and cognitive impairment in medicated patients with schizophrenia. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of SB on behavioural abnormalities such as pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) deficits and hyperlocomotion in mice after a single administration of theN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, phencyclidine (PCP).MethodsThe effects of SB on behavioural abnormalities (PPI deficits and hyperlocomotion) in mice after PCP administration were examined. Furthermore, effects of SB on tissue levels of amino acids were also examined.ResultsA single oral dose of SB (100, 300, or 1000 mg/kg) attenuated PPI deficits in mice after administration of PCP (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.) in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, L-701,324 (10 mg/kg), an antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, did not affect the effect of SB (1000 mg/kg) on PCP-induced PPI deficits. Furthermore, a single oral dose of SB (1000 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the hyperlocomotion in mice after administration of PCP (3.0 mg/kg, s.c.). However, a single oral dose of SB (1000 mg/kg) caused no changes tod-serine levels in plasma or in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum of these animals.ConclusionThis study suggests that SB induced antipsychotic effects in the PCP model of schizophrenia, although it did not increased-serine levels in the brain.
Provenance of the Roman basalt stone at Kotterbos (Lelystad, the Netherlands): A geoarchaeological study based on petrographic and geochemical analysis, and comparison with a synthesis of basalt stones along the northern Limes
Authors: Linthout K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA solitary unprocessed, 26-cm basalt stone recently found at the Roman (69 AD) site at Kotterbos (Lelystad, the Netherlands), situated 40 km north of the Limes, has been examined petrographically and geochemically. The rock is similar to previously investigated Roman basalt stones and blocks from the Limes in the province of Utrecht. All are alkali olivine basalts and basanites, which are also the dominant rock types in the nearby volcanic hinterland in Germany. On the basis of 23 criteria, including all major and minor elements plus a selection of trace elements, the Kotterbos stone correlates with a distinctive subgroup of Limes basalts. This subgroup is characterised by relatively high Mg# and low TiO2 wt% values, as opposed to the other subgroup with lower Mg# and higher TiO2 wt% values. It is argued that the high Mg#–low TiO2 subgroup and the Kotterbos basalt have common geological provenance(s). Five basalt bodies in the hinterland match the criteria of this subgroup, and might be considered as locations of provenance. Of these five, only Rolandsbogen, located next to an ideal anchorage on the west bank of the Rhine, about 12 km upstream from Bonn, can also conform to sensible Roman demands concerning effective logistics and military safety. Consequently, Rolandsbogen is the most likely site of provenance for the high Mg#–low TiO2 subgroup, which includes the Kotterbos basalt. It is argued that the Kotterbos stone is not a rock that somehow got separated from a shipment of building stones to the northern Limes; rather, it is speculated that the stone was picked up as a stray cobble near the basalt body and taken onboard a Roman vessel moored at the Rolandsbogen anchorage.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients
Authors: Firth J. , Cotter J. , Elliott R. , French P. , Yung A. R. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThe typically poor outcomes of schizophrenia could be improved through interventions that reduce cardiometabolic risk, negative symptoms and cognitive deficits; aspects of the illness which often go untreated. The present review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise for improving both physical and mental health outcomes in schizophrenia patients.MethodWe conducted a systematic literature search to identify all studies that examined the physical or mental effects of exercise interventions in non-affective psychotic disorders. Of 1581 references, 20 eligible studies were identified. Data on study design, sample characteristics, outcomes and feasibility were extracted from all studies and systematically reviewed. Meta-analyses were also conducted on the physical and mental health outcomes of randomized controlled trials.ResultsExercise interventions had no significant effect on body mass index, but can improve physical fitness and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Psychiatric symptoms were significantly reduced by interventions using around 90 min of moderate-to-vigorous exercise per week (standardized mean difference: 0.72, 95% confidence interval −1.14 to −0.29). This amount of exercise was also reported to significantly improve functioning, co-morbid disorders and neurocognition.ConclusionsInterventions that implement a sufficient dose of exercise, in supervised or group settings, can be feasible and effective interventions for schizophrenia.
Exploring the boundaries between interpersonal and financial institution mistreatment of older people through a social ecology framework
Authors: NAUGHTON CORINA , DRENNAN JONATHAN 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTInterpersonal financial abuse of older people is well documented but the potential role of financial institutions is rarely examined. Financial institution mistreatment describes direct and indirect practices by financial institutions that threaten the financial wellbeing of older people. This analysis was based on a survey of community-dwelling older people (N = 2,021) aged 65 years and older, and examined self-reports of interpersonal and financial institution mistreatment. The prevalence of interpersonal financial abuse was reported by nearly 2 per cent of respondents compared to 1 per cent for financial institution mistreatment. The socio-demographic and health characteristics of the group who experienced interpersonal financial mistreatment were different from those who reported financial institution mistreatment. The boundaries between the two phenomena were explored using a social ecology framework that reflects the influences of ageism and normative practices on elder abuse. The study confirms previous international evidence on interpersonal financial abuse and provides preliminary data on financial mistreatment by financial institutions. The evidence has implications for policy and current preventative strategies that tend to ignore the influence of macro-contextual factors such as legislative and institutional normative practices, government policies and societal attitudes that can act aspermissorsof some types of financial mistreatment.
Did Alan Turing have Asperger's syndrome?
Authors: O'Connell Henry , Fitzgerald Michael 
Published: February 2015

Alan Turing was born in Paddington, London on June 23, 1912 . His family were middle-class and well-off. He was fascinated with science from an early age and showed precocious talent, especially in the areas of chemistry and mathematics. He attended Sherbourne Public School and then King's College, Cambridge where he studied mathematics. His areas of interest at Cambridge were probability theory and mathematical logic. It was at Cambridge that he first conceptualised the Universal Turing Machine, an idea that was to evolve into the modern theory of computing. He has been referred to as the father of the computer.He worked on a cipher machine at Princeton University between 1936 and 1938. He worked for the British Government during World War II with the Government Code and Cipher School at Bletchley Park. He was ultimately the key player in deciphering the German 'Enigma' code used by its submarines during the war. After the war he took up a post in Manchester University where he continued to work on ideas of artificial intelligence. He was arrested and charged for homosexual activity in 1952 and underwent a course of oestrogen therapy. He committed suicide in 1954.He was regarded as being socially aloof and eccentric by colleagues and friends. He was interested in mathematics, chemistry and logic from an early age, to the exclusion of other activities. This paper attempts to establish whether he fulfilled the criteria for Asperger's syndrome.
Daily Stress and Concept of Self in Swedish Ambulance Personnel
Authors: Jonsson Anders , Segesten Kerstin 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroduction:This study investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among professional ambulance personnel in Sweden and investigated the question: “Does self-knowledge have influence on how well one copes with the effects of daily work exposure from such events?” Little is known about the variables that might be associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms in highrisk occupational groups such as ambulance service groups.Methods:Data were gathered from ambulance personnel by means of an anonymous questionnaire. Survey responses of 362 ambulance personnel from the county of Västra Götaland were analyzed. A correlation was established between post-traumatic symptoms using the impact of event scale (IES-15) and the Professional Self-Description Form (PSDF).Results:Of those who reported a traumatic situation, 21.5% scored ≥ 26 on the IES-15 subscale. Scores >26 indicate “PTSD caseness”. There were significant differences on PSDF subscales between those presenting with or without posttraumatic symptoms.Conclusions:The mental health and emotional well-being of ambulance personnel appear to be compromised by accident and emergency work. The high prevalence of PTSD symptoms in ambulance personnel indicates an inability to cope with post-traumatic stress caused by daily work experiences.
On ‘common-sense ontology’: a comment on the paper by Frank Hindriks and Francesco Guala
Authors: SUGDEN ROBERT 
Published: February 2015

Abstract:This note comments on Hindriks and Guala's ‘unified theory of institutions’. One of the components that Hindriks and Guala seek to unify, and which they claim is unsatisfactory on its own, is the analysis of conventions that derives from the work of Lewis. I argue that the Lewisian approach provides simple and powerful explanations of many regularities in the social behaviour of humans and other animals. Those explanations can be seen as good social science even if, as Hindriks and Guala argue, they do not fit with common-sense ontology.
Total synthesis and antiviral activity of indolosesquiterpenoids from the xiamycin and oridamycin families
Authors: Meng Zhanchao , Yu Haixin , Li Li , Tao Wanyin , Chen Hao , Wan Ming , Yang Peng , Edmonds David J. , Zhong Jin , Li Ang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIndolosesquiterpenoids are a growing class of natural products that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Here, we report the total syntheses of xiamycin A and oridamycins A and B, indolosesquiterpenoids isolated from Streptomyces. Two parallel strategies were exploited to forge the carbazole core: 6π-electrocyclization/aromatization and indole C2–H bond activation/Heck annulation. The construction of their trans-decalin motifs relied on two diastereochemically complementary radical cyclization reactions mediated by Ti(III) and Mn(III), respectively. The C23 hydroxyl of oridamycin B was introduced by an sp3 C–H bond oxidation at a late stage. On the basis of the chemistry developed, the dimeric congener dixiamycin C has been synthesized for the first time. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of these compounds revealed that xiamycin A is a potent agent against herpes simplex virus–1 (HSV-1) in vitro.
The 3D-architecture of individual free silver nanoparticles captured by X-ray scattering
Authors: Barke Ingo , Hartmann Hannes , Rupp Daniela , Flückiger Leonie , Sauppe Mario , Adolph Marcus , Schorb Sebastian , Bostedt Christoph , Treusch Rolf , Peltz Christian , Bartling Stephan , Fennel Thomas , Meiwes-Broer Karl-Heinz , Möller Thomas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe diversity of nanoparticle shapes generated by condensation from gaseous matter reflects the fundamental competition between thermodynamic equilibration and the persistence of metastable configurations during growth. In the kinetically limited regime, intermediate geometries that are favoured only in early formation stages can be imprinted in the finally observed ensemble of differently structured specimens. Here we demonstrate that single-shot wide-angle scattering of femtosecond soft X-ray free-electron laser pulses allows three-dimensional characterization of the resulting metastable nanoparticle structures. For individual free silver particles, which can be considered frozen in space for the duration of photon exposure, both shape and orientation are uncovered from measured scattering images. We identify regular shapes, including species with fivefold symmetry and surprisingly large aspect ratio up to particle radii of the order of 100 nm. Our approach includes scattering effects beyond Born’s approximation and is remarkably efficient—opening up new routes in ultrafast nanophysics and free-electron laser science.