bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sabbath as a remedy for human restlessness
Authors: Kessler Volker 
Published: November 2012

Considering that many people today suffer from restlessness, it would be very helpful to remind ourselves of a very old, very simple but very effective remedy: rest on the Sabbath. In the Christian tradition, Sabbath-keeping often only focused on its spiritual aspects. This article has focused on the benefit of rediscovering the gift of the Sabbath as ‘a delight to the soul and a delight for the body’ (Heschel). It has shown how we can explicitly learn from the Jewish tradition of holistic Sabbath observance. The article consists of four parts: the phenomenon of human restlessness, ten different facets of the Sabbath in the Old Testament, a short section on the history of pro-Sabbath and anti-Sabbath attitudes within the Christian churches and a concluding section about applying the basic principles of the Sabbath in modern life for the sake of a good work-life balance. Examples from the German context are included.Die Sabbat as kuur teen menslike rusteloosheid. Wanneer die hedendaagse rusteloosheid van mense in ag geneem word, het dit waarde om onsself aan ‘n baie ou, eenvoudige dog effektiewe maatreël tot herstel te herinner, naamlik om op die sabbat te rus. In die Christelike tradisie fokus sabbatsonderhouding dikwels slegs op godsdienstige aspekte. Hierdie artikel het gefokus op die wins in die herontdekking van die sabbatsgeskenk as ‘n ‘behae vir die siel en die liggaam’ (Heschel). Dit toon duidelik hoe ons uit die Joodse tradisie van ‘n holistiese sabbatsonderhouding kan leer. Die artikel het bestaan uit vier dele, naamlik die verskynsel van menslike rusteloosheid, tien verskillende fasette van die sabbat in die Ou Testament, ‘n kort historiese oorsig oor pro- en teen-standpunte van die Christelike kerk ten opsigte van die sabbat, en ten slotte die toepassing van basiese sabbatsbeginsels in die moderne lewe ter handhawing van ‘n goeie balans tussen werk en lewe. Voorbeelde uit die Duitse konteks is ook ingesluit.
Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Measurement by 2 Different Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Machines
Authors: Pakravan Mohammad , Pakbin Mojgan , Aghazadehamiri Mohammad , Yazdani Shahin , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: November 2012

Purpose TO determine agreement between peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements by 2 spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments. Methods This was an observational, cross-sectional study. Both eyes of 89 subjects, 44 healthy subjects (mean age, 47±15 years) and 45 patients with glaucoma (mean age, 55±14 years), were imaged using Cirrus OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc. Dublin, CA, USA) and Topcon OCT (3D-OCT1000, Topcon Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). One eye was randomly selected in each subject and peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were compared. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the level of agreement. Results Average peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were significantly larger with Topcon OCT compared to Cirrus OCT in normal (101±12 vs 91±8 μm, p<0.001) and glaucomatous eyes (89±18 vs 76±16 μm, p<0.001). The limits of agreement for average peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements were poor, (-11 to 32 μm) in normal and (-4 to 30 μm) in glaucomatous eyes. Conclusions Peripapillary RNFL thickness values obtained by Topcon OCT are significantly higher than those measured by Cirrus OCT in both normal and glaucomatous eyes. Clinicians should be aware of this discrepancy especially when monitoring patients imaged by different OCT instruments; measured values cannot be used interchangeably.
Increased expression of CD24 in nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: Miller Ehud , Shapira Shiran , Gur Eyal , Naumov Inna , Kazanov Dina , Leshem David , Barnea Yoav , Meshiach Yaakov , Gat Andrea , Sion Daniel , Arber Nadir , Kraus Sarah 
Published: November 2012

Background Skin cancer detection is based on the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the lesions and the experience of the surgeon. The final diagnosis is done by pathological analysis, based on established criteria. Currently, there is no serum marker that can be used for the diagnosis of skin cancer. CD24, a mucin-like glycoprotein, is overexpressed in a variety of cancers including skin malignancies. Objective Evaluate the potential utility of CD24 expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) for the detection of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). Methods Twenty-nine consented individuals attending Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center for excision of suspected skin lesions, and 21 age- and gender-matched subjects were prospectively recruited. The resected lesions were examined by an expert dermatopathologist. PBLs were isolated from blood samples and protein extracts were subjected to sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. The study was double blinded. Results CD24 expression in PBLs distinguishes between NMSC and healthy subjects, with high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (67%) for basal cell carcinoma, and 100% and 71%, respectively, for squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusion The CD24 test can successfully distinguish NMSC from healthy subjects. CD24 may serve as a new potential and promising diagnostic biomarker for the detection and surveillance of NMSC.
Evaluation of the psychological and biological changes of patients diagnosed with benign and malignant breast tumors
Authors: Bai Lan-Jun , Liu Qing , Wang Min , Loo Wings TY , Cheng Rebecca Wy , Chow Louis Wc , Cheung Mary Nb , Wei Kelly Yr , Yip Adrian Ys , Ng Elizabeth Ly 
Published: November 2012

Purpose Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe anxiety disorder developed by exposure to any incident or circumstance that results in psychological trauma. In this study we compared the psychological and physiological changes between patients with malignant and benign breast tumors. Methods We selected 150 Chinese women with a breast mass, aged 20 to 45 years, from the Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital between 2009 and 2011 for this study; 30 healthy participants were enrolled into the control group. All subjects were examined and had their tumor mass aspirated for diagnosis. Equal numbers of patients with benign and malignant tumors were recruited. Patients with malignant tumors presented with low grade, minimal tumor invasion and non-involved lymph nodes. Questionnaires regarding anxiety, depression and PTSD were conducted 2 hours before getting the diagnostic result and 1 month after the diagnosis. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-, cortisol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein before and after diagnosis were investigated and compared. The number of occurrences of oral ulcerative mucositis was also recorded. Results All patients experienced a certain degree of anxiety and their biomarkers were elevated compared with the normal reference range before the pathological report was disclosed. However, 1 month after the operation, the benign tumor group showed significantly lower levels of biomarkers and anxiety scores than patients with a malignant breast tumor. The results were consistent throughout 12 months of study. Conclusion Study subjects with a benign tumor returned to their normal condition after being diagnosed, while patients with a malignant tumor suffered from a certain degree of PTSD or depression.
Correlation of epigenetic change and identification of risk factors for oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Xu Chunjiao , Zhao Jing , Loo Wings T.Y. , Hao Liang , Wang Min , Cheung Mary N.B. , Dou Yiding , Yip Adrian Y.S. , Ng Elizabeth L.Y. , Chow Louis W.C. , Liu Qing 
Published: November 2012

Background DNA methylation of certain genes is an epigenetic change that is essential for tumorigenesis. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a precancerous condition of oral mucosa with inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissue. The hypermethylation of E-cadherin and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) in chronic inflammation may demonstrate a mild lesion/mutation at epigenetic levels. This study compares the hypermethylation status of E-cadherin and COX-2 genes in patients with oral cancer and patients with OSF and also aims to identify risk factors for the development of OSF. Methods DNA was extracted from blood samples of 50 healthy subjects, 50 patients with OSF and 60 patients with oral cancer. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction for E-cadherin and COX-2 was performed on these samples and the products were analyzed on 2% agarose gel. Surveys about oral health habits and clinical periodontal examinations in patients with OSF and healthy subjects were also conducted by well-trained dentists, and logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for OSF. Results Hypermethylation of E-cadherin and COX-2 was observed in 36% and 22% of oral cancer samples, respectively. In patients with OSF, the rates were 52% and 30%, and in healthy controls the rates were 4% and 6%. Hypermethylation was shown to be correlated between the 3 groups with statistical significance (p<0.01). Methylation of CpG islands in E-cadherin and COX-2 occurred more frequently in patients with OSF than in the control group, but less frequently than in patients with oral cancer. In the logistic regression analysis, smoking, brushing more than twice daily, periodontal probing depth and plaque index were identified as 4 major risk factors for OSF. Conclusions These data confirm that E-cadherin and COX-2 expressions are related to OSF. The epigenetic changes presented in patients with chronic inflammation might demonstrate an irreversible destruction in the tissues or organs similar to the effects of cancer. Chronic OSF was significantly associated with hypermethylation, a cancer risk factor.
Primary Penile Leiomyosarcoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Brisciani Antonio , Brassetti Aldo , Lauretti Stefano , Mosca Augusto , D'Alfonso Valeria 
Published: November 2012

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the penis is very rare. Since 1930, only 53 cases have been re-ported in the international literature. We describe a case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the penis diagnosed in 2008 in a 63-year-oldman, presented to our department with a firm-fibrous mass involving the ventrolateral side of the shaft, treated with local excision and 3 times locally recurred. We also attempt a review of the literature regarding evolution, progression, differential diagnosis and possible treatment of this disease.
ATV/r‐based regimens: durable virological suppression and good tolerability as switch strategy from NNRTI‐containing regimens in a real‐life cohort
Authors: Michalik C , Sönnerborg A , Jansen K , Svedhem‐Johansson V , Harrer T , Thalme A , Eychenne J , Jimenez‐Exposito M ,   Competence Network for HIV/AIDS, Bochum, Germany
Published: November 2012

Current therapeutic options for the treatment of HIV provide high rates of virological suppression and good tolerability. However, as long‐term treatment success has become a realistic goal, data evaluating the long‐term efficacy and safety of switching strategies become more needed. The purpose of this sub‐analysis is to describe the long‐term outcomes of ATV/r regimens after switching from combinations containing non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in a clinical setting. Non‐comparative, retrospective study including data from 3 European databases (France – DatAids, Germany‐KompNet, Sweden‐InfCare). Data from antiretroviral (ARV)‐experienced adults starting an ATV/r‐regimen between October 2004‐March 2007 were extracted every 6‐months (maximum follow‐up 5 years). Time to virological failure (VF) was analysed by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Reasons for discontinuation and safety data were also collected. Of 1294 patients analysed, 250 switched from a NNRTI‐based regimen. Patients were predominantly male (74%); median age 42 years (min, max: 23, 85); prior ARV exposure: median 5.0 years. At baseline (BL), 56% of patients had HIV‐1 RNA<500 c/mL and 31% had<50 c/mL; median (min, max) CD4 cell count: 388 (6, 1299) cells/mm3. After 3‐year follow‐up, the probability of not having VF was 79% (95% CI 65–88%) and 62% (95% CI 52%–70%) for patients with BL HIV‐1 RNA<or≥50 c/mL, respectively. The most frequent reasons for discontinuation were “unknown” (18%) and adverse events (8%). Hyperbilirubinemia was reported as reason for discontinuation in only 2 patients. In a clinical setting, switching from NNRTI to ATV/r‐based regimen is associated with sustained virological suppression and good tolerability.Time to virological failure (2 consecutive HIV‐1 RNA≥50 c/mL or 1 HIIV‐1 RNA≥50 c/mL followed by discontinuation).image
A Teaching Aid for Improving Jurors' Assessments of Eyewitness Accuracy
Authors: Pawlenko Nell B. , Safer Martin A. , Wise Richard A. , Holfeld Brett 
Published: November 2012

SummaryWe investigated whether education can improve mock jurors' assessments of eyewitness accuracy in a criminal case. The interview‐identification‐eyewitness (I‐I‐Eye) teaching aid directed participants to attend carefully to how law enforcement interviewed the eyewitness and conducted the identification procedure, before considering what eyewitness factors during the crime might affect accurate identification. After viewing the I‐I‐Eye or one of two control aids, 293 undergraduate participants read a trial transcript about a criminal case that contained either strong or weak eyewitness evidence. The police consistently followed proper procedures for eyewitness evidence in the strong case, but not in the weak case. Only the I‐I‐Eye participants demonstrated sensitivity to the strong and weak eyewitness evidence by rendering more guilty verdicts in the strong compared with the weak case. The I‐I‐Eye teaching aid provides a framework for analyzing eyewitness testimony that may improve jurors' and legal professionals' assessments of eyewitness accuracy in criminal cases. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanically Robust, Negative‐Swelling, Mussel‐Inspired Tissue Adhesives
Authors: Barrett Devin G. , Bushnell Grace G. , Messersmith Phillip B. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMost synthetic polymer hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants swell considerably in physiologic conditions, which can result in mechanical weakening and adverse medical complications. This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of mechanically tough zero‐ or negative‐swelling mussel‐inspired surgical adhesives based on catechol‐modified amphiphilic poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymers. The formation, swelling, bulk mechanical, and tissue adhesive properties of the resulting thermosensitive gels were characterized. Catechol oxidation at or below room temperature rapidly resulted in a chemically cross‐linked network, with subsequent warming to physiological temperature inducing a thermal hydrophobic transition in the PPO domains and providing a mechanism for volumetric reduction and mechanical toughening. The described approach can be easily adapted for other thermally sensitive block copolymers and cross‐linking strategies, representing a general approach that can be employed to control swelling and enhance mechanical properties of polymer hydrogels used in a medical context.
Life course effects on age at menopause among Bangladeshi sedentees and migrants to the UK
Authors: Murphy Lorna , Sievert Lynnette , Begum Khurshida , Sharmeen Taniya , Puleo Elaine , Chowdhury Osul , Muttukrishna Shanthi , Bentley Gillian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectives:To assess how different variables experienced across the life course, but particularly during early life, might affect age at menopause among 174 Bangladeshi migrants to London by comparing them to 157 nonmigrant sedentees and 154 women of European descent in London.Methods:Participants were aged 35–59 years, with no exogenous hormone use in the past three months, not pregnant or lactating, with no history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy. Face‐to‐face interviews and anthropometric measures were carried out. In addition to mean recalled age at natural menopause, median age was computed by probit analysis. Ages at menopause were examined by bivariate and Cox regression analyses in relation to demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle variables, and in relation to potential exposure to cyclones in early childhood.Results:Ages at menopause were significantly earlier among Bangladeshi sedentees and immigrants compared to Londoners of European origin. Ages at menopause were earlier among sedentees compared to immigrants. Urban birthplace, more infectious diseases during childhood, and lower levels of education increased the risk of an earlier menopause.Conclusions:Changes in environmental conditions during adulthood appeared to modify age at menopause among Bangladeshi immigrants in London compared to women living in Bangladesh; however, Bangladeshi immigrants still experienced an earlier age at menopause compared with their London neighbors of European descent. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain injury biomarkers are not dependent on β‐amyloid in normal elderly
Authors: Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R. , Wiste Heather J. , Weigand Stephen D. , Vemuri Prashanthi , Lowe Val J. , Kantarci Kejal , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Senjem Matthew L. , Mielke Michelle M. , Roberts Rosebud O. , Boeve Bradley F. , Petersen Ronald C. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveThe new criteria for preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) proposed 3 stages: abnormal levels of β‐amyloid (stage 1), stage 1 plus evidence of brain injury (stage 2), and stage 2 plus subtle cognitive changes (stage 3). However, a large group of subjects with normal β‐amyloid biomarkers have evidence of brain injury; we labeled them as the “suspected non‐Alzheimer pathophysiology” (sNAP) group. The characteristics of the sNAP group are poorly understood.MethodsUsing the preclinical AD classification, 430 cognitively normal subjects from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging who underwent brain magnetic resonance (MR), 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), and Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET) were evaluated for FDG PET regional volumetrics, MR regional brain volumetrics, white matter hyperintensity volume, and number of infarcts. We examined cross‐sectional associations across AD preclinical stages, those with all biomarkers normal, and the sNAP group.ResultsThe sNAP group had a lower proportion (14%) with apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype than the preclinical AD stages 2 + 3. The sNAP group did not show any group differences compared to stages 2 + 3 of the preclinical AD group on measures of FDG PET regional hypometabolism, MR regional brain volume loss, cerebrovascular imaging lesions, vascular risk factors, imaging changes associated with α‐synucleinopathy, or physical findings of parkinsonism.InterpretationCognitively normal persons with brain injury biomarker abnormalities, with or without abnormal levels of β‐amyloid, were indistinguishable on a variety of imaging markers, clinical features, and risk factors. The initial appearance of brain injury biomarkers that occurs in cognitively normal persons with preclinical AD may not depend on β‐amyloidosis. ANN NEUROL 2013;73:472–480
The Gallbladder of the Electric Ray Torpedo Marmorata Risso Displays Excrescent Cholecystocytes with Merocrine and Apocrine‐Like Secretions
Authors: Gilloteaux J. , Ott Donald W. , Oldham‐Ott Carla K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe gallbladder of Torpedo marmorata exhibits a mucosal surface layer of simple columnar epithelium with very tall cholecystocytes. The apical domain of each cell has few microvilli, but many mucous vesicles that are secreted by exocytosis at the cell apices. The apical regions may also elongate and undergo self‐excision while shedding mucus and cell debris into the gallbladder lumen in a manner similar to that described in mammals as a result of sex steroid treatment to induce gallstones and to that found in the cholecystitis associated with cholelithiasis. Numerous small mitochondria, spherical to elongated, are distributed throughout the cells, while the nuclei are often located in the lower third of each cell. In the lower part of the cholecystocytes, large and very densely contrasted lysosomes can be found. All cells are tightly joined by junctional complexes, including long, highly contrasted desmosomes. The fibromuscular layer is made of a loose stroma with a limited muscular component and a poor blood supply. Large diameter blood vessels can only be found in the subserosal layer. It is hypothesized that the obligatorily carnivorous diet of this ureotelic fish has resulted in the evolution of a gallbladder ultrastructure resembling that found in cholecystitis but without the associated cholelithiasis. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forelimb to Hindlimb Shape Covariance in Extant Hominoids and Fossil Hominins
Authors: Tallman Melissa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearchers often attempt to use limb proportions to ascertain the locomotor repertoires of fossil hominins. This can be problematic as there are few skeletons in the fossil record that preserve both a full forelimb and hindlimb; therefore, estimates of full limb lengths are typically associated with substantial error. In this study, two‐block partial least squares analyses were used to examine covariation between forelimb and hindlimb elements in extant hominoids and fossil hominins. This has the benefit of including both forelimb and hindlimb in a type of functional analysis without necessitating an accurate length estimate. There is a high degree of covariation between forelimb and hindlimb segments in the mixed species sample, particularly in the proximal ulna, distal humerus, and proximal/distal femur and that shape covariation is significantly correlated with intermembral indices in the extant taxa. Overall, the fossil hominins most closely resembled modern humans with the exception of analyses utilizing the distal femur where some occupied a unique morphological position; thus, some fossil hominins likely possessed locomotor capabilities similar to modern humans, whereas others likely represent a unique morphological compromise between terrestrial bipedality and other positional behaviors not present among extant hominoids. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BRCA1 Germ‐Line Mutations and Tumor Characteristics in Eastern Chinese Women with Familial Breast Cancer
Authors: Cao Wenming , Wang Xiaojia , Gao Yun , Yang Hongjian , Li Ji‐Cheng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough several studies detected the BRCA1 germ‐line mutations in Chinese women with familial breast cancer, most of them did not employ conventional full gene sequencing, especially in eastern China. In addition, the clinicopathological features of BRCA1‐associated breast cancer in Chinese women were not well investigated. In this study, we screened the complete coding regions and exon‐intron boundaries of BRCA1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐sequencing assay. Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on tumor samples to detect the expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), P53, and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER‐2). Breast cancer patients having one or more affected relatives referred from the Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, eastern China during 2008–2011 were selected for the study. A total of 62 familial breast cancer patients received the BRCA1 germ‐line mutation screening. Five deleterious mutations were detected in this cohort. The mutation rate was 11.3% (7/62). We found two novel mutations (3414delC and 5,280 C > T) and two recurrent mutations (5,273 G > A and 5589del8). BRCA1 mutation tumors tended to be negative for ER, PR, and HER‐2, and exhibited high histological grade compared with tumors without BRCA1 mutations. Our study suggests that recurrent mutations may exist in eastern Chinese women with familial breast cancer and PCR‐sequencing assay is a useful tool to screen these mutations. It also suggests that BRCA1‐associated breast cancers in Chinese women exhibit an aggressive phenotype. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.