bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of digital health interventions on adherence and control of hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yap Hao Jeun , Lim Jun Jie Jeffrey , Tan Su-Yin Doreen , Ang Chin Siang 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Hypertension, a risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Digital health is now widely utilized for hypertension management, and numerous studies have assessed its effectiveness.

Objective:
The review aims to analyse the effectiveness of digital health (i.e., mobile health (mHealth), telehealth, and the combination of mHealth & telehealth) on hypertensive patients, concerning three key areas: clinical outcomes, medication adherence, and adherence to lifestyle changes, as compared to standard care.

Methods:
The review followed the PRISMA framework. Eight electronic databases were scanned for randomized control trials focusing on the effects of mHealth or telehealth on hypertensive patients, published between 2010 and 2023. All processes were conducted by the first two authors independently. A meta-analysis was conducted for quantitative data, while a narrative synthesis was conducted for qualitative data.

Results:
In total, 74 studies involving 92 686 participants were identified. The meta-analysis favoured the interventions, revealing a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure for mHealth, telehealth and mHealth & telehealth groups. Nevertheless, medication adherence showed improvement only in the mHealth group, while blood pressure control showed improvement in both mHealth and mHealth & telehealth groups, and BMI showed improvement only in the mHealth group. Evidence for adherence to physical activity and DASH diet/salt intake remained inconclusive.

Conclusion:
In general, mHealth and telehealth have demonstrated their merits in improving the clinical outcomes of hypertensive patients.
Proposal of reference value for day-to-day blood pressure variability based on two outcomes: the Ohasama study
Authors: Satoh Michihiro , Metoki Hirohito , Kikuya Masahiro , Murakami Takahisa , Tatsumi Yukako , Tsubota-Utsugi Megumi , Hirose Takuo , Hara Azusa , Nomura Kyoko , Asayama Kei , Hozawa Atsushi , Imai Yutaka , Ohkubo Takayoshi 
Published: July 2024

Background:
This study aimed to propose reference values for day-to-day home blood pressure (BP) variability that align with the established hypertension threshold of home BP for the risk of two different outcomes: cardiovascular mortality and cognitive decline.

Methods:
This prospective study was conducted in Ohasama town, Japan, with 1212 participants assessed for cardiovascular mortality risk (age: 64.7 years, 33.6% men). Additionally, 678 participants (age: 62.7 years, 31.1% men) were assessed for cognitive decline risk (Mini-Mental Scale Examination score <24). The within-individual coefficient of variation (CV) of home morning SBP (HSBP) was used as the index of day-to-day BP variability (%). Adjusted Cox regression models were used to estimate the HSBP-CV values, which provided the 10-year outcome risk at an HSBP of 135 mmHg.

Results:
A total of 114 cardiovascular deaths and 85 events of cognitive decline (mean follow-up:13.9 and 9.6 years, respectively) were identified. HSBP and HSBP-CV were associated with increased risks for both outcomes, with adjusted hazard ratios per 1-standard deviation increase of at least 1.25 for cardiovascular mortality and at least 1.30 for cognitive decline, respectively. The adjusted 10-year risks for cardiovascular mortality and cognitive decline were 1.67 and 8.83%, respectively, for an HSBP of 135 mmHg. These risk values were observed when the HSBP-CV was 8.44% and 8.53%, respectively.

Conclusion:
The HSBP-CV values indicating the 10-year risk of cardiovascular mortality or cognitive decline at an HSBP of 135 mmHg were consistent, at approximately 8.5%. This reference value will be useful for risk stratification in clinical practice.
Helmetless Tackling Training Intervention and Preseason Self-efficacy Effects on Head Impacts in Hawaiʻi High School Football
Authors: Lloansi Rodriguez Ivet , Freemyer Bret , Hashida Kumiko , Tamura Kaori , Murata Nathan , Furutani Troy , Gioia Gerald , Myers Jay , Swartz Erik 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To determine how football head impacts are influenced by self-efficacy (SE), helmetless tackling intervention participation (IP), and years of experience (YE) playing football.

Design:
Cross-sectional.

Setting:
Three high schools.

Participants:
120 (male; n = 118, female; n = 2, 15.57 ± 1.23 years) participants were recruited from 5 high school teams (3 varsity and 2 junior-varsity).

Independent Variables:
SE, days of IP, and YE playing tackle football.

Main Outcome Measures:
SE was measured using a 53-question survey and categorized into 5 subscales. The accumulation of total head impacts (THI) was measured using Riddell InSite Speedflex helmets (Elyria, OH) throughout the season. Head impact exposure (HIE) was standardized as a ratio of impacts per session (games, scrimmages, and practices). Multiple regression analyses tested the relationship between THI or HIE with the predictor variables.

Results:
For THI, 22.1% was explained by the predictors (r = 0.470, r2 = 0.221). Intervention participation had a negative correlation (B = −4.480, P = 0.019), whereas confidence in performing proper tackling and blocking (SE1) (B = 3.133, P = 0.010) and >8 YE (B = 135.9, P = 0.009) positively correlated with THI. For HIE, 25.4% was explained by the predictors (r = 0.504, r2 = 0.254). Intervention participation negatively correlated (B = −0.077, P = 0.007), whereas SE1 (B = 3.133, P = 0.010) and >8 YE (B = 2.735, P ≤ 0.001) correlated positively with HIE.

Conclusions:
Increased head impacts were associated with less helmetless tackling participation, more than 8 YE, and more self-confidence in tackling ability. Increasing the amount of time athletes spend practicing proper tackling and blocking techniques to reduce head first and risky play is warranted to reduce the amount of head impacts received over time.
Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in Crohn’s disease patients: a promising noninvasive biomarker monitoring disease activity
Authors: Toris Louison D. , Minsart Charlotte F. , Husson Cécile P. , Franchimont Denis P. , Liefferinckx Claire L. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Following STRIDE-II recommendations, the discovery of novel noninvasive biomarkers, beyond the use of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin, remains a medical need to further improve the monitoring of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to evaluate the potential of serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in monitoring IBD activity.

Methods
This retrospective cross-sectional study included 69 IBD patients (43 Crohn’s disease and 26 ulcerative colitis) and 82 controls. Serum LBP levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical, biological and endoscopic parameters were analyzed for IBD patients with no reports of missing data. Statistical tests, including nonparametric tests and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LBP.

Results
IBD patients displayed a significantly higher LBP median [29.6 μg/ml (19.8–38.8) in Crohn’s disease and 22.8 (13.7–38.8) in ulcerative colitis] than controls [5.8 (4.7–7.3), P < 0.001] with little overlapping distributions. In Crohn’s disease patients, LBP levels gradually increased with endoscopic activity scores demonstrating a 1.7-fold rise in active patients compared to remitter patients (P = 0.02). LBP level exhibited a positive correlation with CRP (ρ = 0.75, P < 0.001) as well as fecal calprotectin (ρ = 0.42, P < 0.01), both of which further increased when excluding cases that did not match endoscopic activity.

Conclusion
LBP might be a promising noninvasive biomarker for monitoring disease activity, especially in Crohn’s disease patients. In clinical situations where current biomarkers lack sensitivity, LBP could be discriminative and help filling the gap for reliable therapeutic decisions.
Predictors of mortality over time in geriatric patients with hip fracture
Authors: Eversdijk Hubert A. J. , Nijdam Thomas M. P. , Kusen Jip Q. , Schuijt Henk-Jan , Smeeing Diederik P. J. , van der Velde Detlef 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to determine the variations in effect for predictors of mortality over time and risk of in-hospital complications in geriatric patients with a hip fracture. Many studies have investigated risk factors of short-term and long-term mortality separately. In current literature, little is known about the variations in effect of risk factors over time and no comparison with the general population is made.

Methods:
All patients with a hip fracture aged 70 years or older admitted to our hospital between January 1, 2016, and May 1, 2018, were included in this retrospective study. Patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) were not included. The primary outcome was mortality after 1 year. Secondary outcomes were mortality after 30 days, 90 days, 2 years, and complications. Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves for risk factors were generated to visualize survival over time. Data were compared with data extracted from the national health records.

Results:
A total of 685 geriatric patients with hip fractures were included with a 1-year mortality of 27%. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) found differed over time. Five risk factors for mortality were investigated in this study using KM curves: age, prefracture living situation, dementia, sex, and ASA classification.

Conclusions:
Over time, the variation of 5 risk factors for mortality were visualized in geriatric patients with a hip fracture: age, prefracture living situation, dementia, sex, and ASA classification. An elevated risk of mortality was discovered compared with the general population. The variation in effect observed in risk factors plays a vital role in prognosis. This insight will help guide accurate medical decision-making for a tailored treatment plan for geriatric patients with a hip fracture.
Subacute Cerebral Infarct
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , McIntosh Lacey 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT has become an unparalleled modality in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent prostatic adenocarcinoma, often revealing sites of disease that were previously invisible on conventional imaging. In this 78-year-old man with suspected prostate cancer recurrence, PSMA PET/CT revealed focal radiotracer uptake in the brain, which would ordinarily raise suspicion for metastases, but was a false positive in the setting of a recent stroke. Increased PSMA uptake has been reported in subacute infarcts and primary and secondary brain tumors. Careful history and comparison with prior imaging are vital to avoid false-positive diagnosis in such patients.
Quantitative Assessment of Lip Morphology in Patients With and Without Cleft Lip and Palate Using 3-Dimensional Stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Neves Maria Carolina , Nogueira Vanessa Ota , Sforza Chiarella , Oliveira Valarelli Thaís Marchini , Neppelenbroek Karin Hermana , Soares Simone 
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to assess and quantify the morphologic characteristics of the lips and the lower third of the face in cleft and noncleft patients, utilizing three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry. Sixty patients were included in the study, comprising 30 unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (G1, 24 female, 6 male; aged 20 to 60 y, mean age 44.0±12.0 y) and 30 noncleft patients (G2, 23 female, 7 male; aged 20 to 59 y, mean age 43.5±12.0 y). Anthropometric landmarks were identified on the facial surface. Three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry was employed to capture images. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the groups, with a significance level set at 0.05. The comparative analysis revealed statistically significant differences in 5 linear and 6 angular measurements. Linear measurements such as philtrum width, upper and lower cutaneous lip height, mandibular ramus length, and midfacial depth exhibited significant differences between cleft and noncleft patients. Similarly, angular measurements, including upper lip angle, Cupid’s bow angle, lower/medium face convexity, lip seal, nasolabial angle, and left gonial angle, displayed statistically significant disparities. These findings underscore the ongoing surgical challenges in the comprehensive rehabilitation of patients with clefts, highlighting the critical need for continued advancements in treatment strategies.
Dichotomy between extracellular signatures of active dendritic chemical synapses and gap junctions
Authors: Sirmaur Richa , Narayanan Rishikesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLocal field potentials (LFPs) are compound signals that represent the dynamic flow of information across the brain, which have been historically associated with chemical synaptic inputs. How do gap junctional inputs onto active compartments shape LFPs? We developed methodology to record extracellular potentials associated with different patterns of gap junctional inputs onto conductance-based models. We found that synchronous inputs through chemical synapses yielded a negative deflection in proximal extracellular electrodes, whereas those onto gap junctions manifested a positive deflection. Importantly, we observed extracellular dipoles only when inputs arrived through chemical synapses, but not with gap junctions. Remarkably, hyperpolarization-activation cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, which typically conduct inward currents, mediated outward currents triggered by the fast voltage transition caused by synchronous inputs. With rhythmic inputs at different frequencies arriving through gap junctions, we found strong suppression of LFP power at higher frequencies as well as frequency-dependent differences in the spike phase associated with the LFP, when compared to respective chemical synaptic counterparts. All observed differences in LFP were mediated by the relative dominance of synaptic currentsvs. voltage-driven transmembrane currents with chemical synapsesvs. gap junctions, respectively. Our analyses unveil a hitherto unknown role for active dendritic gap junctions in shaping extracellular potentials.
Treatment with 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid mitigates biochemical phenotypes of heme oxygenase 1 deficiency
Authors: Berendes Lea-Sophie , Westhoff Petra Schulze , Tobinski Ann-Marie , Wingert Victoria , Biskup Saskia , Seelhöfer Anja , Marck Veerle Van , Heitplatz Barbara , Wittkowski Helmut , Das Anibh M. , Hannibal Luciana , Nowak Witold N. , Józkowicz Alicja , Klotz Luisa , Varga Georg , Marquardt Thorsten , Park Julien H. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTHeme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) deficiency is a fatal genetic disorder characterized by impaired heme catabolism, leading to excessive oxidative damage and cell death. Despite evidence from non-human models suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction, the precise pathomechanisms in humans remain unclear, resulting in a lack of effective treatments. Using patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells and HO-1 knockout HEK293T cell models, we demonstrate that HO-1 deficiency is associated with altered mitochondrial morphology and impaired mitochondrial function. Furthermore, it is linked to significant ascorbic acid depletion, accompanied by compensatory upregulation of SVCT2, a key ascorbic acid transporter. Treatment with 2-phospho-L-ascorbic acid, a stable vitamin C analog, restores intracellular ascorbic acid levels and protects cells from hemin-induced cytotoxicity, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic strategy for HO-1 deficiency. Our study underscores the critical role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in HO-1 deficiency, paving the way for targeted interventions in this devastating disorder.
Hierarchical structural organization in bioinspired peptide coacervate microdroplets
Authors: Lim Jessica , Gudlur Sushanth , Buchanan Claire , Perrin Quentin Moana , Boyd Hannah , Moulin Martine , Iwase Hiroki , Porcar Lionel , Cárdenas Marité , Miserez Ali , Pervushin Konstantin 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the dynamic and hierarchical structural organization of peptide coacervate microdroplets at the meso-to atomic-scale resolution using a combination of Transferred Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy (TrNOESY), Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), and confocal microscopy. Dynamic interactions driving the self-association of peptide clusters are revealed, highlighting the critical roles of interacting residues. These phase-separating model peptides form small oligomers at low pH, which aggregate into larger clusters at neutral pH. These clusters organize into a porous network within the droplets, facilitating size-selective cargo sequestration. The findings underscore the significance of the dynamic spatio-temporal properties of peptide-based coacervates, contributing to our understanding of phase separation at the atomic and molecular levels. Critically, this approach enables the investigation of coacervate structures in their native state, offering insights into the physical and dynamic interactions governing droplet formation and cargo encapsulation.TOC
Robust and fast microwave-driven quantum logic for trapped-ion qubits
Authors: Weber M. A. , Gely M. F. , Hanley R. K. , Harty T. P. , Leu A. D. , Löschnauer C. M. , Nadlinger D. P. , Lucas D. M. 
Published: July 2024

Microwave-driven logic is a promising alternative to laser control in scaling trapped-ion based quantum processors. We implement Mølmer-Sørensen two-qubit gates on 43Ca+ hyperfine clock qubits in a cryogenic (≈25 K) surface trap, driven by near-field microwaves. We achieve gate durations of 154 µs [with 1.0(2)% error] and 331 µs [0.5(1)% error], which approaches the performance of typical laser-driven gates. In the 331 µs gate, we demonstrate a Walsh-modulated dynamical decoupling scheme which suppresses errors due to fluctuations in the qubit frequency as well as imperfections in the decoupling drive itself.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Strain-dependent one-dimensional confinement channels in twisted bilayer
1T′−WTe2
Authors: Magorrian S. J. , Hine N. D. M. 
Published: July 2024

The low-symmetry and anistropic lattice of 1T′WTe2 is responsible for the existence of parallel one-dimensional channels in the moiré patterns of twisted bilayers. This gives the opportunity to explore moiré physics of a different nature to that widely observed in twisted bilayers of materials with hexagonal symmetries. Here, we combine plane-wave and linear-scaling density functional theory calculations to describe the electronic properties of twisted bilayer 1T′WTe2. We investigate the strain dependence of both aligned bilayer configurations across a range of stacking geometries, and of the twisted bilayer itself. For a small change in the lattice parameters of the constituent 1T′WTe2 monolayers, we find a very substantial increase in the moiré-induced striped electrostatic potential landscape in the twisted bilayer. We measure a peak-to-trough magnitude >200 meV between parallel linear channels, sufficient to induce Luttinger liquid behavior.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Jet suppression and azimuthal anisotropy from RHIC to LHC
Authors: Mehtar-Tani Yacine , Pablos Daniel , Tywoniuk Konrad 
Published: July 2024

Azimuthal anisotropies of high-pT particles produced in heavy-ion collisions are understood as an effect of a geometrical selection bias. Particles oriented in the direction in which the QCD medium formed in these collisions is shorter suffer less energy loss, and thus, are over-represented in the final ensemble compared to those oriented in the direction in which the medium is longer. In this work we present the first semianalytical predictions, including propagation through a realistic, hydrodynamical background, of the elliptic azimuthal anisotropy for jets, obtaining a quantitative agreement with available experimental data as a function of the jet pT, its cone size R, and the collisions centrality. Jets are multipartonic, extended objects and their energy loss is sensitive to substructure fluctuations. This sensitivity is determined by the physics of color coherence that relates to the ability of the medium to resolve those partonic fluctuations. Specifically, color dipoles with an angular separation smaller than a critical angle, θc, are not resolved by the medium and they effectively act as a coherent source of energy loss. We find that elliptic jet azimuthal anisotropy has a specially strong dependence on coherence physics due to the marked length dependence of θc. By combining our predictions for the collision systems and center-of-mass energies studied at RHIC and the LHC, covering a wide range of typical values of θc, we show that the relative size of elliptic jet azimuthal anisotropies for jets with different cone sizes R follows a universal trend that indicates a transition from a coherent regime of jet quenching to a decoherent regime. These results suggest a way forward to reveal the role played by the physics of jet color decoherence in probing deconfined QCD matter.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exchange Energy of the Ferromagnetic Electronic Ground State in a Monolayer Semiconductor
Authors: Leisgang Nadine , Miserev Dmitry , Mattiat Hinrich , Schneider Lukas , Sponfeldner Lukas , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Poggio Martino , Warburton Richard J. 
Published: July 2024

Mobile electrons in the semiconductor monolayer MoS2 form a ferromagnetic state at low temperature. The Fermi sea consists of two circles: one at the K point, the other at the K˜ point, both with the same spin. Here, we present an optical experiment on gated MoS2 at low electron density in which excitons are injected with known spin and valley quantum numbers. The resulting trions are identified using a model which accounts for the injection process, the formation of antisymmetrized trion states, electron-hole scattering from one valley to the other, and recombination. The results are consistent with a complete spin polarization. From the splittings between different trion states, we measure the exchange energy Σ, the energy required to flip a single spin within the ferromagnetic state, as well as the intervalley Coulomb exchange energy J. We determine Σ=11.2  meV and J=5  meV at n=1.5×1012  cm−2 and find that J depends strongly on the electron density n.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024