bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selbstorganisation und Bildung von (Hydro‐)Gelen durch kooperative π‐π‐Wechselwirkungen und unkonventionelle C‐H⋅⋅⋅X‐Wasserstoffbrücken
Authors: Rest Christina , Mayoral María José , Fucke Katharina , Schellheimer Jennifer , Stepanenko Vladimir , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSchwache C‐H⋅⋅⋅X‐Wasserstoffbrücken stellen bedeutende stabilisierende Kräfte im Bereich des Kristall‐Engineerings und der Anionenerkennung in Lösung dar, doch ihr quantitativer Einfluss auf die Stabilisierung von supramolekularen Polymeren oder Gelen blieb bislang unerforscht. Hier berichten wir von einem Oligophenylenethinylen(OPE)‐basierten, amphiphilen PtII‐Komplex, der in der Lage ist, in wässrigem sowie polarem Medium supramolekulare, polymere Strukturen zu bilden. Dieser Selbstorganisationsprozess wird durch π‐π‐ und verschiedene schwache C‐H⋅⋅⋅X‐Wechselwirkungen induziert, unter Einbeziehung von am PtII‐Zentrum gebundenen Chloratomen, sowie von Sauerstoffatomen und polarisierten Methylengruppen der peripheren Glykolketten. Mithilfe verschiedener experimenteller Verfahren (UV/Vis‐, 1D‐ und 2D‐NMR‐Spektroskopie, DLS, AFM, SEM und Röntgenbeugung) kann gezeigt werden, dass das Zusammenspiel von verschiedenen schwachen, nichtkovalenten Wechselwirkungen zu einer kooperativen Bildung von eindimensionalen, selbstorganisierten Strukturen und Gelen führt, wobei die molekulare Anordnung auch im kristallinen Zustand erhalten bleibt.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed ortho Alkenylation of N‐Phenoxyacetamides with N‐Tosylhydrazones or Diazoesters through CH Activation
Authors: Hu Fangdong , Xia Ying , Ye Fei , Liu Zhenxing , Ma Chen , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA coupling reaction of N‐phenoxyacetamides with N‐tosylhydrazones or diazoesters through RhIII‐catalyzed CH activation is reported. In this reaction, ortho‐alkenyl phenols were obtained in good yields and with excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Rh–carbene migratory insertion is proposed as the key step in the reaction mechanism.
High‐Fidelity Protein Targeting into Membrane Lipid Microdomains in Living Cells
Authors: Beutel Oliver , Nikolaus Jörg , Birkholz Oliver , You Changjiang , Schmidt Thomas , Herrmann Andreas , Piehler Jacob 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLipid analogues carrying three nitrilotriacetic acid (tris‐NTA) head groups were developed for the selective targeting of His‐tagged proteins into liquid ordered (lo) or liquid disordered (ld) lipid phases. Strong partitioning into the lo phase of His‐tagged proteins bound to tris‐NTA conjugated to saturated alkyl chains (tris‐NTA DODA) was achieved, while tris‐NTA conjugated to an unsaturated alkyl chain (tris‐NTA SOA) predominantly resided in the ld phase. Interestingly, His‐tag‐mediated lipid crosslinking turned out to be required for efficient targeting into the lo phase by tris‐NTA DODA. Robust partitioning into lo phases was confirmed by using viral lipid mixtures and giant plasma membrane vesicles. Moreover, efficient protein targeting into lo and ld domains within the plasma membrane of living cells was demonstrated by single‐molecule tracking, thus establishing a highly generic approach for exploring lipid microdomains in situ.
Full Functionalization of the Imidazole Scaffold by Selective Metalation and Sulfoxide/Magnesium Exchange
Authors: Sämann Christoph , Coya Estibaliz , Knochel Paul 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA simple, flexible, and straightforward method for the functionalization of all the positions of the imidazole heterocycle through regioselective arylations, allylations, acylations, and additions to aldehydes is disclosed. Starting from the readily available key imidazole 1, highly functionalized imidazole derivatives have been synthesized in a regioselective manner from directed metalations and a sulfoxide/magnesium exchange. Moreover, the selective N3‐alkylation followed by deprotection of N1 (trans‐N‐alkylation) allows the regioselective N‐alkylation of complex imidazoles.
Preparation of anion exchange membrane based on homogeneous quaternization of bromomethylated poly(arylene ether sulfone)
Authors: Zhao Chengji , Ma Wenjia , Sun Wenmo , Na Hui 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presented the synthetic and preparation route of quaternary ammonium functionalized anion exchange membranes (AEMs), which were derived from an engineering plastics polymer, poly(arylene ether sulfone) with 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl‐4,4′‐dihydroxybipheny moiety (PAES‐TM). The benzylmethyl groups on the main‐chain of PAES‐TM were converted to the bromomethyl groups via a radical reaction, thereby avoiding complicated chloromethylation, which required carcinogenic reagents. The chemical structure of the bromomethylated PAES was characterized by 1H NMR spectrum. Following a homogeneous quaternization with trimethylamine in the solution, a series of flexible and tough membranes were obtained by a solution casting and anion exchange process. The ion exchange capacity values were ranging from 1.03 to 1.37 meq g−1. The properties of the membranes, including water uptake, hydroxide conductivity, and methanol permeability were evaluated in detail. The AEM showed a high conductivity above 10−2 S cm−1 at room temperature and extremely low methanol permeability of 4.16–4.94 × 10−8 cm2 s−1. The high hydroxide conductivity of TMPAES‐140‐NOH could be attributed to the nano‐scale phase‐separated morphology in the membrane, which was confirmed by their transmission electron microscopy images. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40256.
Beitrag zur Methodik der pauschalen Bestimmung von Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten bei bestehenden Wohngebäuden
Authors: Kempf Heike 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAufgrund unzureichender oder fehlender Datengrundlagen im Wohngebäudebestand dürfen beim öffentlich‐rechtlichen Nachweis nach der Energieeinsparverordnung pauschale Kennwerte wie der Wärmedurchgangskoeffizient verwendet werden. Diese können aus einer Tabelle der Regeln zur vereinfachten Datenaufnahme des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr, Bau und Stadtentwicklung (BMVBS) entnommen werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, dass es sich bei den derzeitig pauschalen Wärmedurchgangkoeffizienten um einen zu vereinfachten Ansatz handelt. Diese Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten nehmen einen nicht vernachlässigbaren Einfluss auf die Anforderungsgrößen, die zur Erstellung des Energiebedarfsausweises notwendig sind. Aus diesem Grund ist es sinnvoll, die derzeitige Tabelle um weitere Daten, wie beispielsweise die Dicke der Bauteile, zu ergänzen.Contribution to the methodology of the general terms at coefficients of heat transfer in existing residential buildings. Due to an insufficient or missing data base concerning existing residential buildings it is permitted to use general values, e. g. for the heat transfer coefficient (U‐value) according to the German Energy Saving Ordinate. The values for simplified data acquisition are provided by the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Development. The present study shows that the current general heat transfer coefficient results from a too simplified approach, with considerable influence on the calculated energy demand. This is the reason to extend the existing data table with further data, e. g. thickness of building component.
Dämmstoffintegrierte Kanäle für zentrale Lüftungsanlagen mit Wärmerückgewinnung
Authors: Hauser Gerd , Kaiser Jan 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDer energetischen Sanierung von Bestandsgebäuden kommt u. a. auch für die Erreichung der klimapolitischen Ziele der Bundesregierung bis zum Jahr 2050 eine Schlüsselrolle zu. Allerdings bleiben bis dato – insbesondere aufgrund hoher Investitionskosten – die hierfür notwendigen Sanierungsquoten deutlich hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Ziel muss es daher sein, den Wärmebedarf von Bestandsgebäuden möglichst einfach und kostengünstig zu senken.In folgendem Beitrag wird ein innovatives Produkt vorgestellt, welches die Funktionen Gebäudedämmung und Luftführung in einem Bauteil vereint und somit den Einbau einer kontrollierten Wohnungslüftungsanlage mit Wärmerückgewinnung ermöglicht, ohne die üblichen Probleme bei einer Nachrüstung von Luftleitungen im Innenraum hervorzurufen. Es handelt sich dabei um Lüftungskanäle, welche direkt in handelsübliche Dämmplatten integriert sind.Am Beispiel von Demonstrationsobjekten wird die Funktion und Verarbeitung des neuartigen Systems erläutert. Es werden sowohl die energetischen, thermo‐hygrischen und akustischen Eigenschaften des Systems beschrieben als auch brandschutztechnische und hygienische Aspekte beleuchtet.Integrated ventilation ducts in thermal insulation panels for heat recovery. The energy‐efficient renovation of existing buildings will among other things also play a key‐role in achieving the climate‐policy goals of the Federal Government by the year 2050. So far, however, the required number of modernized buildings remains far behind expectations, especially because of the high investment costs involved. The aim must, therefore, be to reduce the heating requirement of existing buildings as simply and cost‐effectively as possible.In the following an innovative product is presented which combines the functions of building insulation and ventilation in one component and thus allows the installation of controlled domestic ventilation systems with heat recovery without the usual problems of retrofitting air‐ducts inside the building. In this new product, ventilation ducts are integrated directly in the usual commercially available insulating panels.The function and processing of this novel system are illustrated and exemplified by demonstration objects. Not only are the energy‐efficient, hygrothermal and acoustic characteristics of this system described in detail, but the fire protection and hygienic aspects are examined as well.
Representations of Poverty in British Newspapers: A Case of ‘Othering’ the Threat?
Authors: Chauhan Apurv , Foster Juliet 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTThe meanings of social problems like poverty develop within the public sphere. This paper uses the theory of social representations to examine how poverty is represented in British newspapers. Poverty has been discussed and interpreted in numerous ways, and newspapers not only provide a platform for these elaborations but also contribute to shaping public understanding on the issue. The study sampled news coverage on poverty in four British newspapers during two randomly chosen one‐month periods in the years 2001 and 2011. The data set of news reports (n = 274) was thematically analysed to examine representations of poverty. The study found that in the domestic context, media represents poverty as a problem limited to vulnerable groups such as children and the elderly. With a lack of discussion on the wider socio‐economic causes and contributing factors, poverty within the UK appears as an ‘orphan phenomenon’ with an unknown genesis. In contrast, the representations of poverty outside the UK are vivid and elaborate, and the news reports hold the socio‐political inefficiency of countries responsible for poverty. The study also found that the media uses poverty to make sense of catastrophic events in society: the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States and the London riots of 2011 were both anchored using poverty. This paper discusses the representational dynamics of these findings and argues that the media representations distance general society from poverty, representing it as a problem of the other. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What is ambiguous about ambiguous goods?
Authors: Ross Sandy L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAmbiguous goods are not a category of things. No goods are ambiguous by default, not even digital virtual ones. Ambiguity may arise in many ways, but this article examines one specific process: ambiguity that occurs when entities appear as objects that blur category boundaries. Ambiguity is created around pre‐existing categories through socio‐material entanglements. This article explores how a central category in consumer capitalist societies—property—takes on ambiguous forms in distributions and recirculations of prestige items in the massively multi‐player online role‐playing game Final Fantasy XI. Prestige objects are powerful, sought‐after armour and weapons acquired in the game world by completing difficult battlefields or tasks, often in large groups. When discussing these items, respondents are not confused actors trying to make sense of slippery things. Instead, they produce ambiguities around property by blurring distinctions between gifts and commodities. Blurred boundaries help resolve tensions arising from different orderings of people, relations and things. Hybridised property forms allow selective alienation of goods, allowing participants to privilege some relations and connections over others.With this article, I hope to spark further debate on building a conceptual toolkit to explore ambiguities, and contribute to increasing interest in non‐dyadic gift relations in consumer culture research. ‘Ambiguous goods’ is not a viable category for thinking about things, people and relations or digital virtual objects. But ambiguity can be a useful way to think about how people and things—whether they are digital, virtual or neither—are related. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hedgehog signalling is dispensable in the proliferation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth
Authors: Ejeian Fatemeh , Baharvand Hossein , Nasr‐Esfahani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway is one of the key regulators in development with a dual role in cell fate specification, proliferation, and survival on different target cells. We have investigated the effect of recombinant sonic hedgehog (r‐SHH) on extracted multipotent stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), which represent a potential stem cell population for therapeutic applications. Cell proliferation and cycle assays shown that r‐SHH did not have a distinctive effect on cell cycle progression, nor did it increase cell number over a wide range of concentrations. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q‐PCR) also suggests that r‐SHH treatment has no demonstrable influence on expression of proliferative genes (CCNE1 and KI67); in contrast, the anti‐proliferative gene (CDKN1A) is overexpressed in response to SHH. Our findings have suggested the possibility that SHEDs demonstrate a different potential from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h‐BMSCs) and dorsal neural progenitor in response to growth factors such as SHH.
How source cues impact consumer evaluations of direct and indirect persuasion attempts
Authors: Main Kelley J. , Aditya Sutapa , Dahl Darren W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis research demonstrates how the directness of a persuasion attempt by a sales agent, in this case flattery, changes how source cues influence consumers’ evaluation of the shopping experience. When the persuasion attempt is direct, source cues do not influence consumer evaluations. However, when an indirect persuasion attempt is used, it is only effective when positive source cues are present. In particular, when the persuasion attempt is indirect, evaluations are more effective when the sales agent is attractive to or shares similar opinions with the consumer. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Baseline health perceptions, dysphagia, and survival in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Lango Miriam N. , Egleston Brian , Fang Carolyn , Burtness Barbara , Galloway Thomas , Liu Jeffrey , Mehra Ranee , Ebersole Barbara , Moran Kathleen , Ridge John A. 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDIn head and neck cancer patients prior to treatment, dysphagia noted by patients is more common than aspiration on formal swallow studies. The authors hypothesized that patient‐reported dysphagia impacts multiple domains of quality of life (QOL) and predicts disease recurrence and disease‐related death.METHODSThe Swal‐QOL, a dysphagia‐specific, swallowing‐related, QOL measure, and the EuroQOL‐5D‐3L were administered to 159 patients before treatment with curative intent in this prospective cohort study. Logistic regression analysis evaluated associations among clinical and subjective measures. Multivariable competing risk regression tested the impact of clinical, tumor, and patient‐reported measures on survival.RESULTSBaseline dysphagia, pain, and diminished patient‐reported health state were found to be closely associated with weight loss before treatment and advanced T classification. However, only 58% of patients (23 of 40 patients) reporting dysphagia experienced > 5% weight loss. Dysphagia was found to be associated with pain and/or diminished patient‐reported health state, independent of weight loss. Female patients were more likely to report pain and dysphagia, whereas male patients reported dysphagia alone. Dysphagia was found to be predictive of disease recurrence and disease‐related death, adjusting for T and N classifications, ECOG performance status, smoking status, and weight loss, and accounting for competing risks of death (recurrence‐free survival: hazards ratio, 3.8 [95% confidence interval, 1.7‐8.4; P = .001] and disease‐related death: hazards ratio, 4.2 [95% confidence interval, 1.04‐5; P = .004]).CONCLUSIONSBaseline dysphagia affects multiple domains of QOL and general health perceptions in patients with head and neck cancer prior to treatment. A dysphagia measure captures the effort of maintaining nutrition, and identifies patients predisposed to disease recurrence and disease‐related death. Cancer 2014;120:840–847. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Activation of the Akt‐mTOR pathway and receptor tyrosine kinase in patients with solitary fibrous tumors
Authors: Yamada Yuichi , Kohashi Kenichi , Fushimi Fumiyoshi , Takahashi Yusuke , Setsu Nokitaka , Endo Makoto , Yamamoto Hidetaka , Tokunaga Shoji , Iwamoto Yukihide , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: December 2013

BACKGROUNDSolitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are soft tissue tumors of intermediate malignancy that rarely metastasize. Although unresectable SFTs are reported to have a poor prognosis, to the authors' knowledge there is currently no effective therapy. Molecular target therapy is a promising approach for patients with unresectable tumors, but knowledge of the molecular biology of SFTs is currently insufficient to support such therapy. The current study investigated the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and the Akt‐mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt‐mTOR) pathway in SFTs as therapeutic targets.METHODSThe phosphorylation statuses of Akt‐mTOR pathway proteins (p‐Akt, p‐mTOR, phosphorylated 4E‐binding protein [p‐4EBP1], and phosphorylated S6 ribosomal protein [p‐S6RP]) and RTKs (phosphorylated platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐α [p‐PDGFRα], p‐PDGFRβ, p‐c‐met, and phosphorylated insulin‐like growth factor‐1 receptor‐β [p‐IGF‐1Rβ]) were assessed by immunohistochemistry in 66 samples of SFTs, and the data were compared with clinicopathological and histopathological findings. The expression of phosphorylated proteins was assessed by Western blot analysis in 6 frozen samples.RESULTSThe immunohistochemical results were as follows: p‐Akt, 56.0% (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining); p‐mTOR, 69.6% (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining); p‐4EBP1, 80.3% (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining); p‐S6RP, 69.6% (cytoplasmic staining); p‐PDGFRα, 39.0% (cytoplasmic staining); p‐PDGFRβ, 52.0% (cytoplasmic staining); p‐c‐met, 37.8% (nuclear staining) and 19.6% (cytoplasmic staining); and p‐IGF‐1Rβ, 16.6% (nuclear staining). Phosphorylation of the Akt‐mTOR pathway proteins was correlated with one another except for p‐Akt with S6RP. p‐PDGFRβ and p‐IGF‐1Rβ were correlated with p‐Akt. Moreover, significant relationships were noted between disease‐free survival or overall survival and the presence of hypoglycemia, necrosis, cystic and myxoid degeneration, and atypical findings.CONCLUSIONSThe Akt/mTOR pathway was activated in approximately 50% of the cases of SFTs and was associated with RTKs, which were phosphorylated at different rates. Thus, the Akt‐mTOR pathway may be involved in the tumorigenesis of SFTs. Cancer 2014;120:864–876. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Set shifting in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa: An exploratory systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lang Katie , Stahl Daniel , Espie Jonathan , Treasure Janet , Tchanturia Kate 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveSet shifting inefficiencies in adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) are established, however the neurocognitive profile of children and adolescents with AN is less clear. This study aimed to provide a review of the literature.MethodElectronic databases were used to search for manuscripts.ResultsMeta‐analysis was performed on seven studies using two neuropsychological tests (Trail Making Task, TMT; Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, WCST). The mean difference in outcome between AN and healthy control (HC) groups was standardized by calculating Cohen's d. Meta‐analysis of TMT studies showed a nonsignificant negative, pooled standardized mean difference of −0.005 (95% C.I. −0.416 to 0.406, z = 0.02, p = .98). WCST studies revealed a nonsignificant pooled effect size of d = 0.196 (95% C.I. −0.091–0.483, z = 1.34, p = .18). Studies which did not allow for a calculation of effect size typically showed a nonsignificant, worse performance by the AN groups.DiscussionThe inefficiencies in set shifting that are apparent in the adult AN literature do not appear to be as pronounced in children. This may suggest that set shifting difficulties in adult AN are the result of starvation or indicative of longer duration of illness. Larger studies are needed to confirm these impressions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:394–399)
Gamers against science: The case of the violent video games debate
Authors: Nauroth Peter , Gollwitzer Mario , Bender Jens , Rothmund Tobias 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis article explores the notion that scientific research programs and empirical findings are fundamentally devalued when they threaten a perceiver's social identity. Findings from three studies show the following: (1) identification with the group of “gamers” (i.e., people who play video games on a regular basis) influences the extent to which perceivers devalue research suggesting that playing violent video games has negative consequences; (2) this effect is mediated by the feeling that the group of gamers is being stigmatized by such research (Studies 1 and 2) as well as by anger about this research (Study 2); (3) the effect of in‐group identification on negative research evaluations cannot be explained by attitude or behavioral preference inconsistency (Studies 1 and 3); and (4) strongly identified gamers not only devalue a specific scientific study but also generalize their negative evaluations to the entire field of violent video games research (Study 3). The findings suggest that the influence of social identity processes on the evaluation of research is larger than it has previously been recognized. Implications of these findings for science communication are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.