bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Acetylation of Primary Amines and Amino Acids in Environmentally Benign Brine Solution Using Acetyl Chloride.
Authors: Basu Kaushik , Chakraborty Suchandra , Sarkar Achintya Kumar , Saha Chandan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis new method is very simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Aza‐[4 + 3] Cycloaddition Reactions of α‐Halohydroxamates.
Authors: Acharya Arjun , Eickhoff John A. , Jeffrey Christopher S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of α‐halohydroxamates with furan or N‐Boc pyrrole dienes is investigated with respect to the substitution pattern and the tether length.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn(CF3SO3)2—Mediated Domino Hydroamination‐Ring Cleavage of 2,5‐Dihydrofuran.
Authors: Shen Xiao‐juan , Bu Hong‐zhong , Shi Jie , Wu Zheng‐guang , Ma Hong‐fei , Li Yu‐feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA facile protocol is developed for the synthesis of 2‐arylamino substituted butenol derivatives via domino hydroamination‐ring cleavage of 2,5‐dihydrofuran with aromatic amines.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Arylative Meyer—Schuster Rearrangement of Propargylic Alcohols to Complex Enones Using Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Collins Beatrice S. L. , Suero Marcos G. , Gaunt Matthew J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis new approach gives access to a wide range of different substituted enones under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Carbon Insertion into the β‐Vinyl C—H Bond of Cyclic Enones.
Authors: Lee Sung Il , Hwang Geum‐Sook , Ryu Do Hyun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe first example of the highly enantiocontrolled catalytic C(sp2)—H functionalization reaction of cyclic enones with diazoacetates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐free One‐Pot Synthesis of Biaryls from Grignard Reagents and Substituted Cyclohexanones.
Authors: Zhou Feng , Simon Marc‐Oliver , Li Chao‐Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe new sequence to construct biaryls includes Grignard reaction, dehydration, and oxidative aromatization affording products in a one‐pot fashion is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacid‐Promoted Hydroxyalkylation of 1,2‐Indandiones.
Authors: Tracy Adam F. , Abbott Matthew P. , Klumpp Douglas A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract2,2‐Diaryl‐1‐indanones (III) are efficiently obtained by TfOH‐promoted condensation of 1,2‐indandiones with arenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Spiro[pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐4,3′‐indoline] and Spiro[benzo[h]pyrazolo[3,4‐b]quinoline‐4,3′‐indoline] Derivatives Using Wet Cyanuric Chloride under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Yin Zhikui , Yang Limin , Wu Liqiang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe title compounds (IV), (VI) are efficiently obtained by one‐pot condensation of isatins, pyrazolamine and Meldrum′s acid or hydroxynaphthoquinone within relatively short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Azet‐2(1H)‐imines Through [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Imines and Ketenimines.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Nematpour Manijeh 
Published: October 2015

AbstractKetimines generated in situ from sulfonyl azides and alkynes react with in situ generated imines to provide the title species (V) in a convenient one‐pot reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Synthesis of Arenofurans via Cascade Reactions of Arenols with Morita—Baylis—Hillman Acetates of Nitroalkenes and Total Synthesis of Isoparvifuran.
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Mobin Shaikh M. , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBenzo‐ and naphthofurans are obtained via a one‐pot cascade process involving a base‐mediated carba‐Michael addition of arenols to MBH acetates of nitroalkanes, followed by substitution of acetate in an overall SN2reaction and a subsequent intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: The Application of Vinamidinium Salts to the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Smith Stanton Q. , Dudek Sean T. , He Shu‐Hui , Girod Jarod A. , Nunes Shane R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of pyrroles (III) via condensation of vinamidinium salts with nitrile (II) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: CuO/SiO2 as a Simple, Effective and Recoverable Catalyst for Alkylation of Indole Derivatives with Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Fraile Jose M. , Le Jeune Karel , Mayoral Jose A. , Ravasio Nicoletta , Zaccheria Federica 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCuO on silica is found to promote the reaction of various diazo compounds with indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Novel Tetrasubstituted 1‐Pyrazolines from Baylis—Hillman Adducts and Acyl Diazomethanes.
Authors: Sun Hongbao , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhan Miao , Liu Jie , Xie Yongmei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of benzyldiazoacetate with Baylis—Hillman adducts provides 1‐pyrazolines as mixtures of three diastereomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of 4‐Benzylidene ‐2‐Phenyl‐5(4H)‐oxazolones
Authors: Siddaiah V. , Basha G. Mahaboob , Sudhakar D. , Srinuvasarao R. , Kumar Y. Santosh 
Published: October 2015

Abstractvia simple reaction of hippuric acid (I) with various aldehydes (II)
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis in Water and Antimicrobial Activity of 5‐Trichloromethyl‐4,5‐dihydroisoxazoles.
Authors: Flores Alex F. , Piovesan Luciana A. , Souto Alynne A. , Pereira Mariano A. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Balliano Tatiane L. , Da Silva Givanildo S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReaction of 1,1,1‐trichloro‐4‐methoxy‐3‐alken‐2‐ones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride leads to a rapid one‐pot synthesis of 5‐trichloromethylisoxazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Bioactivities of Novel N‐(4‐(2‐Aryloxythiazol‐5‐yl)but‐3‐yn‐2‐yl)benzamides.
Authors: Zhu Youquan , Liu Pei , Wang Danyang , Zhang Jin , Cheng Jie , Ma Yuan , Zou Xiaomao , Yang Huazheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe presented compounds are regarded as ACCase inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Some Thiazolyl‐pyrazoline and N‐Phenyl‐2‐pyrazoline Derivatives over Potassium Carbonate.
Authors: Baviskar B. A. , Deore S. L. , Khadabadi S. S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAll the title heterocycles exhibit marked antibacterial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed 2‐Acylbenzothiazole Formation from Aryl Ketones and Benzothiazoles Using Oxygen as Oxidant.
Authors: Liu Saiwen , Chen Ru , Chen Hui , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reaction of benzothiazoles with acetophenones gives 2‐acylbenzothiazoles (III) as sole products whereas propiophenone (IVa) and benzoylacetate (IVb) furnish a relevant amount of byproduct (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Conjugated to Thiophene or Furan Rings via an Ethenyl Linker.
Authors: Kudelko Agnieszka , Jasiak Karolina 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe one‐pot sequential reaction of potassium salt (I) with ethyl chloroformate and hydrazine provides the key precursors (III) and significant amounts of diacylhydrazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Synthesis of 1,2‐Dihydropyridine from Dienaminodioate and an Imine: A Three‐Component Approach.
Authors: Challa Chandrasekhar , John Manju , Lankalapalli Ravi S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA metal‐free one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of different substituted 1,2‐dihydropyridines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: PdCl2 and N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Co‐Catalyzed Csp2—H Hydroxylation by Dioxygen Activation.
Authors: Yan Yuepeng , Feng Peng , Zheng Qing‐Zhong , Liang Yu‐Feng , Lu Jing‐Fen , Cui Yuxin , Jiao Ning 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel method for the synthesis of different substituted 2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)phenols by using the title reagents is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Approach for Highly Regioselective Syntheses of Furo[3,2‐h]quinolines in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Sarkar Swarbhanu , Pal Rammyani , Chatterjee Nivedita , Dutta Samrat , Naskar Subhendu , Sen Asish Kumar 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFuroquinolines are prepared from hydroxyquinolines and alkynes via a copper‐free Sonogashira coupling/cycloisomerization sequence in aqueous micellar medium under aerobic conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reactions of 4,6‐Dichloro‐2‐(methylsulfonyl)pyrimidine and Related Electrophiles with Amines.
Authors: Baiazitov Ramil , Du Wu , Lee Chang‐Sun , Hwang Seongwoo , Almstead Neil G. , Moon Young‐Choon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe chemoselectivity of the SNAr‐reaction of the title compound (I) is investigated under different conditions with respect to selective mono reaction on either of the chlorine atoms as well as on the sulfinyl group [to be continued].
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Thiazolidinone Derivatives as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Liang Guang , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAmong the tested compounds derivatives (VIIIa) show the highest anti‐inflammatory activity and significant inhibitory activity against LPS‐induced TNF‐α and IL‐6 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity of New Fused Pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine and Pyrazolo[5,1‐c][1,2,4]triazine Derivatives from New 5‐Aminopyrazoles.
Authors: Al‐Adiwish Wedad M. , Tahir M. I. M. , Siti‐Noor‐Adnalizawati A. , Hashim Siti Farah , Ibrahim Nazlina , Yaacob W. A. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSome of the prepared compounds exhibit low to moderate antibacterial activity and no cytotoxicity against Vero cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of 1,4‐Benzoxazines, 1,4‐Benzothiazines, Spiro‐1,4‐benzoxazines, and Spiro‐1,4‐benzothiazines
Authors: Shastri Samundeeswari L. , Chougala Bahubali M. , Kulkarni Manohar V. , Shastri Lokesh A. 
Published: October 2015

Abstractvia novel K2CO3‐mediated intermolecular cyclization reactions
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Molecular Frameworks Containing Two Distinct Heterocycles Connected in a Single Molecule with Enhanced Three‐Dimensional Shape Diversity.
Authors: Lim Donghyun , Park Sueng Bum 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe new synthesis of fused‐triazole scaffolds that are connected by pyrimidines, pyrazoles, or pyrazolopyrimidines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: New Eudesmane Sesquiterpenes from Alpinia oxyphylla and Determination of Their Inhibitory Effects on Microglia.
Authors: Ye Wen‐Cai , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe noreudesmane sesquiterpenoids (I*), ((R)‐II), and the eudesmane sesquiterpenoid (III*) are isolated along with twelve known sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of A.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylation of Alcohols Using Glycosyl Boranophosphates as Glycosyl Donors.
Authors: Tatsumi Shiro , Matsumura Fumiko , Oka Natsuhisa , Wada Takeshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA novel glycosylation process using boranophosphate triesters as glycosyl donors is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Spongiacidin C, a Pyrrole Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Stylissa massa, Functions as a USP7 Inhibitor.
Authors: Tsukamoto Sachiko , et al. et al. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSpongiacidin C (I) is the first USP7 inhibitor isolated from a natural source and shows a potency similar to those of some known USP7 inhibitors obtained from synthetic sources.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward the Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide O: An Enantioselective Synthesis of C3—C8 Fragment.
Authors: Hwang Min‐ho , Lee Duck‐Hyung 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTitle fragment (X) is synthesized enantioselectively starting from L‐(‐)‐malic acid (I) via 11 steps in 14 % overall yield.
Verfahren zum Recycling von seltenerdhaltigen Permanentmagneten
Authors: Gauß Roland , Diehl Oliver , Brouwer Eva , Buckow Alexander , Güth Konrad , Gutfleisch Oliver 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPermanentmagnete sind entscheidend für die Funktion zahlreicher Technologien. Die Entwicklung hin zur verstärkten Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien wird die Nachfrage an Permanentmagneten weiter steigen lassen. Selbst hochwertige, aufwendig hergestellte Magnete werden jedoch bislang nicht auf industriellem Maßstab zurückgewonnen. Die hier vorgestellten metallurgischen und wasserstoffbasierten Recyclingrouten haben das Ziel eines werkstofflichen Recyclings, d.h. der Rückführung und Nutzbarmachung von Permanentmagnetlegierungen. Beide Ansätze sind mit relativ geringem energetischem Aufwand im Vergleich zu klassischen hydrometallurgischen Verfahren verbunden.
Research on viscoelastic properties of water in waxy crude oil emulsion gels with the effect of droplet size and distribution
Authors: Li Si , Huang Qiyu , Wang Lei , Fan Kaifeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe viscoelastic properties of gelled oil can reflect its structural characteristics, which are significant for the restart operation of prolonged‐shutdown pipelines. The viscoelastic properties of water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions are more complicated on account of the influence from the dispersed water phase, which cannot be ignored. This paper attempts to reveal the relationship of viscoelastic characteristics to temperature and water fraction for waxy crude emulsion gels from a micro perspective. As a basis of the rheological analysis, the droplet size and distribution of inner phase are studied with microscopic observation. It is found that both the total number and Sauter mean diameter of dispersed droplets increase with growth of the water fraction. Through a series of small amplitude oscillatory shear experiments, the linear viscoelastic regions and the viscoelastic parameters of emulsion gels with different water fractions are obtained and compared under varying temperatures. The results provide evidence that as the water fraction rises, the structural strength of emulsion gels becomes stronger. This can mainly be attributed to the larger deformable oil‐water interface area with adsorbed wax crystals and the stronger interactions among water droplets. Based on the experimental results, regression formulas for viscoelastic parameters, including elastic modulus, loss modulus, and loss angle, are proposed and proven reliable. This offers useful information for the restart operation of oil‐water multiphase transportation pipelines.
Tuning the EM‐test for finite mixture models
Authors: Chen Jiahua , Li Pengfei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere has been rapid progress in developing effective and easy‐to‐use tests of the order of a finite mixture model. The EM‐test is the latest to join the rank. It has a relatively simple limiting distribution and enjoys broad applicability. Based on asymptotic theory, the P‐value of the EM‐test is approximated via its limiting distribution. The built‐in tuning parameter has an important influence on the approximation precision. Thus, choosing an appropriate value for this parameter is important for fully realizing the advantages of the EM‐test. In this article, we develop a novel computer‐experiment approach to address this issue. Through designed experiments, we derive a number of empirical formulas for the tuning parameter. Extensive validation simulation shows that these formulas work well in terms of providing accurate type I errors. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 39: 389–404; 2011 © 2011 Statistical Society of Canada
Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of Silicon‐Containing GPR81 and GPR109A Agonists
Authors: Geyer Marcel , Baus Johannes A. , Fjellström Ola , Wellner Eric , Gustafsson Linda , Tacke Reinhold 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe GPR81 and GPR109A receptors mediate antilipolytic effects and are potential drug targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. There is still a need to identify potent GPR81 agonists as pharmacological tools. A high‐throughput screen identified an acylurea‐based GPR81 agonist lead series, with activities at the GPR109A receptor as well. To expand the chemical scope and to explore the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic consequences, a series of structurally related organosilicon compounds with a 6‐sila‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]thiazole skeleton was synthesized and studied for their physicochemical properties [octanol/water distribution coefficient (pH 7.4), solubility in HBSS buffer (pH 7.4)], agonistic potency at rat GPR81 and GPR109A receptors, and intrinsic clearance in human liver microsomes and rat hepatocytes. The straightforward synthesis of these organosilicon compounds offered a valuable expansion of the chemical scope in the above‐mentioned GPR81 agonist lead series, provided potency and efficacy SAR, and yielded compounds with sub‐micromolar GPR81 potency. This work supports the value of including silicon chemistry into the toolbox of medicinal chemistry.
Assessment of melanoma extent and melanoma metastases invasion using electron paramagnetic resonance and bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Godechal Quentin , Defresne Florence , Danhier Pierre , Leveque Philippe , Porporato Paolo Ettore , Sonveaux Pierre , Baurain Jean‐François , Feron Olivier , Gallez Bernard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe clinical outcome of melanoma depends on the local and distant spread of the disease at the time of diagnosis, as the estimated 5‐year survival rate is about 100% for superficial melanoma diagnosed early, but less than 10% for melanoma that has disseminated to major organs such as lungs. There is a crucial need for new effective methods for the detection and the characterization of melanomas. In the pre‐clinical setting, this will help to understand the factors that contribute to the malignancy while the transfer into the clinic will contribute to an early effective treatment of patients. Melanoma lesions can be detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using paramagnetic properties of melanin pigments. As part of the development of EPR imaging to characterize melanomas, we evaluated in the present study the usefulness of EPR to report on the extension of lung metastases by comparing the method with bioluminescence imaging using B16 melanoma cells expressing luciferase. B16 melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously or intravenously in C57/BL6 mice. The primary tumors or the lung colonization by melanoma cells was measured after several delay periods to obtain several degrees of invasiveness. The animals were measured in‐vivo with bioluminescence after i.v. injection of luciferin. The primary tumors or lungs were then excised. After freeze‐drying, the content of melanin in lungs was measured and imaged by EPR at 9 GHz. We observed a direct relationship between the EPR intensity and the bioluminescence intensity. Another tumor model (KHT sarcoma), non‐pigmented but expressing luciferase, was used to confirm that the EPR signal was directly linked to the melanin pigment present in the tumors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of ZnO luminescent nanoparticles in labeling mice
Authors: Pan Zhan‐Yan , Liang Jun , Zheng Zhi‐Zhong , Wang Huan‐Huan , Xiong Huan‐Ming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhotoluminescent ZnO@polymer core–shell nanoparticles were used in mouse imaging through intradermal injections and intravenous injections, and the results proved that such ZnO fluorescence probes are nontoxic to live mice and have great potential in in vivo applications. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A clinicopathological study of peripheral lymph nodes in HIV‐infected patients with special reference to CD4+ T‐cell counts: Experience from a tertiary care institution in Darjeeling (India)
Authors: Mandal Rupali , Mondal Krishnendu , Datta Saikat , Chakrabarti Indranil , Giri Amita , Goswami Bidyut Krishna 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundHIV/AIDS is a major health burden worldwide. India bears the third highest HIV‐patients load globally. In the Darjeeling district, HIV‐prevalence is >1% with very little known about the profile of HIV‐lymphadenopathy. The aim of this study was to identify the different causes of peripheral lymphadenopathy among HIV–infected patients in this region, correlate them with CD4+ T‐cell counts and formulate some common clinico‐haematological parameters as potential predictors of CD4+ T‐cell count.MethodsIn the present study, 76 cases were evaluated. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) was performed as an out‐patient procedure in the Department of Pathology. Smears were stained routinely with Haematoxylin‐Eosin and Leishman stains. ZN stains were done when indicated by the cytological findings. Immediate CD4+ T‐cell count was obtained by referring the patients to the Anti‐retroviral therapy centre.ResultsCytological diagnoses included tuberculosis (82.9%), reactive hyperplasia (6.6%), nonspecific granulomatous lesions (3.9%), non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2.6%), histoplasmosis (2.6%) and simultaneous filariasis with toxoplasmosis (1.3%). Statistically, the opportunistic infections and lymphomas significantly concurred with a CD4+ T‐cell count <350/μl. Likewise, the number of enlarged lymph nodes and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) were found to be useful predictors of CD4+ T‐cell counts.ConclusionsLymph node cytology in HIV‐infected patients is essential to identify opportunistic infections from neoplastic lesions and; to enable therapeutic strategies. Correlation of lesions with mean CD4+ T‐cell count predicts personal immunity, stage of disease and disease activity. Furthermore, enlarged lymph node numbers and ALC can be surrogate markers of CD4+ T‐cell count for monitoring the severity of the immune suppression in under‐resourced countries like India. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:971–977. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibiotics for the common cold—do they work?
Authors: Robinson Joan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEco‐paediatrics is an occasional feature in Evidence‐Based Child Health: A Cochrane Review Journal. Our goal is to contribute to the worldwide discussion on reducing waste in health care. In each instalment, we will select a recent Cochrane review highlighting a practice, still in use, which the available evidence tells us should be discontinued.
A lane detection algorithm for personal vehicles
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Watanabe Kajiro , Ohkubo Tomoyuki , Kurihara Yosuke 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBy the term “personal vehicle,” we mean a simple and lightweight vehicle expected to emerge as a personal ground transportation device. The motorcycle, electric wheelchair, and motor‐powered bicycle are examples of the personal vehicle and have been developed for personal transportation use. Recently, a new type of intelligent personal vehicle called the Segway has been developed, which is controlled and stabilized by using on‐board intelligent multiple sensors. The demand for such personal vehicles is increasing: (1) to enhance human mobility, (2) to support mobility for elderly persons, and (3) to reduce environmental load. With the rapid growth of the personal vehicle market, the number of accidents caused by human error is also increasing. These accidents are associated with driving capabilities; to enhance or support driving capabilities as well as to prevent accidents, intelligent assistance is necessary. One of the most important elementary functions for personal vehicles is robust lane detection. In this paper, we develop a robust lane detection method for personal vehicles in outdoor environments. The proposed lane detection method employs a 360° omnidirectional camera and unique robust image processing algorithm. In order to detect lanes, a combination of the template matching technique and the Hough transform is employed. The validity of the proposed lane detection algorithm was confirmed with a prototype vehicle under various types of sunshine conditions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 177(4): 23–32, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21193