bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How modularity and heterotrophy complicate the understanding of the causes of thermal performance curves: the case of feeding rate in a filter-feeding animal
Authors: Powell Jackson A. , Burgess Scott C. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Warming global temperatures have consequences for biological rates. Feeding rates reflect the intake of energy that fuels survival, growth and reproduction. However, temperature can also affect food abundance and quality, as well as feeding behavior, which all affect feeding rate, making it challenging to understand the pathways by which temperature affects the intake of energy. Therefore, we experimentally assessed how clearance rate varied across a thermal gradient in a filter-feeding colonial marine invertebrate (the bryozoan Bugula neritina). We also assessed how temperature affects phytoplankton as a food source, and zooid states within a colony that affect energy budgets and feeding behavior. Clearance rate increased linearly from 18°C to 32°C, a temperature range that the population experiences most of the year. However, temperature increased algal cell size, and decreased the proportion of feeding zooids, suggesting indirect effects of temperature on clearance rates. Temperature increased polypide regression, possibly as a stress response because satiation occurred quicker, or because phytoplankton quality declined. Temperature had a greater effect on clearance rate per feeding zooid than it did per total zooids. Together, these results suggest that the effect of temperature on clearance rate at the colony level is not just the outcome of individual zooids feeding more in direct response to temperature but also emerges from temperature increasing polypide regression and the remaining zooids increasing their feeding rates in response. Our study highlights some of the challenges for understanding why temperature affects feeding rates, especially for understudied, yet ecologically important, marine colonial organisms.
An evidence-based nipple care pathway for new breastfeeding mothers: a Delphi study
Authors: Olalere Oladipupo , Harley Clare 
Published: June 2024

Background/Aims Only 1% of UK mothers maintain exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, as per global recommendations. Early breastfeeding cessation often involves complex issues, with nipple-related injuries being a common cause. This study aimed to develop an evidence-based tool for early identification and management of breastfeeding-related nipple injuries through expert consensus. Methods A mixed method approach was used, including a 5-stage scoping review and a modified Delphi consensus technique with 26 UK-based maternal health experts and experienced breastfeeding mothers. Results Consensus (80% agreement) was reached on recommendations, including the provision of realistic information, early peer support engagement and Lanolin use. Some commonly recommended practices, such as letting the nipple air dry, did not reach consensus, highlighting a misalignment between expert consensus and published guidance. Conclusions This study generated evidence-based, expert-validated self-management guidance, emphasising the need for improved stakeholder engagement in policy development.
Trait emotional intelligence and its impact on quality of life, anxiety, and depression in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zhao Huarong , Song Shiqin , Lv Xiaobo , Huang Shike 
Published: June 2024

Aims/Background Trait emotional intelligence is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms and quality of life in cancer patients. However, studies on the relationship of trait emotional intelligence with anxiety, depression, and quality of life in gastric cancer patients are limited. This study investigates the relationship of trait emotional intelligence with depression and quality of life in gastric cancer patients to provide a theoretical basis for clinical management. Methods A total of 270 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected, of which 31 patients with missing questionnaire entries and missed visits were screened out, resulting in the enrolment of 239 gastric cancer patients in this study. In this survey, self-administered general information questionnaires, namely Trait Emotional Intelligence Short Form (TEIQue-SF), European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used. Results TEIQue-SF total scores were positively correlated with QLQ-C30 scores (p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with HADS-A and HADS-D scores (p < 0.001). TEIQue-SF total score was a superior positive predictor of the QLQ-C30 score (β = 0.412, p < 0.001) and a superior negative predictor of the HADS score (β = –0.740, p < 0.001). TEIQue-SF total score (β = 0.141, p = 0.006) and HADS score (β = –0.665, p < 0.001) were good predictors of QLQ-C30 score. The direct effect of TEIQue-SF total score on QLQ-C30 score was 0.141, while HADS score between TEIQue-SF total score and QLQ-C30 score had a mediated effect value of 0.492. Conclusion Trait emotional intelligence not only directly affects the quality of life, but also indirectly affects the quality of life through anxiety and depression. Clinicians should pay attention to the anxiety, depression, and emotional intelligence of patients with gastric cancer to help them improve their quality of life.
Compression and self-compression of frequency modulated spherical photon density waves in anisotropic scattering media
Authors: Luchinin Alexander G. , Dolin Lev S. , Kirillin Mikhail Yu. 
Published: June 2024

We report on the results of a simulation of the photon density waves with pulse amplitude modulation by a complex frequency modulated signal. The problem is considered for the optical properties typical for sea water with anisotropy factor values varying from 0.75 to 0.93 at source-detector distances up to 120 m. It is shown that multiple scattering in a medium does not prevent effective compression of a signal registered using matched detection. Two competing phenomena affecting the detected pulse duration and depending on the central frequency of the modulation signal are discussed. The effect of faster attenuation of high harmonics in a complexly modulated signal leads to the detected signal duration increase as a consequence of multiple scattering. On the other hand, anomalous dispersion of photon density waves in media with scattering anisotropy leads to the pulse self-compression. The simulation results presented in the paper demonstrate the prevalence of different phenomena depending on the central frequency of the modulation signal resulting in a pulse duration decrease or increase in different frequency ranges covering the band from 107 to 2⋅109 Hz. The effect of the phase function shape on the observed effect is also discussed.
Experimental study on the keyhole dynamic evolution and porosity formation during laser welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Tao Donglin , Gao Yanfeng , Pan Hao , Zeng Lixue , Zhang Zhao 
Published: June 2024

Keyhole dynamic evolution significantly affects laser welding quality.
For observing the keyhole’s dynamic behaviors directly, a sandwich
workpiece that consists of a piece of quartz glass and a piece
of Ti-6Al-4V alloy is used in experiments of this study, and
the dynamic behaviors of the keyhole are recorded with a high-speed
camera. The experimental results show that, in the first 5 ms
of welding, the depth and width of the keyhole increase linearly and,
at about 70 ms, a relatively stable keyhole is formed. A
keyhole typically exhibits the shape of a “7” character in a short
period after it forms. At this stage, the laser beam is reflected by
the wall of the keyhole repeatedly until it reaches the
bottom, which results in some tiny pore formations in the middle part
of the keyhole. In subsequent welding, the collapsing and rebuilding
process of the keyhole are observed, and big pores are formed at the
bottom of the keyhole. The results of this research are helpful to
understand the mechanism of the keyhole dynamic evolution and porosity
formation during titanium alloy laser welding.
Delayed-focus micro-angle measurement optical system based on structural segregation
Authors: Xing Yuhang , Li Hong , Cui Xiwen , Sun Guangkai , Zhu Lianqing 
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose a delayed-focusing type micro-angle measurement optical system based on the Cassegrain structure (cassette structure), analyze the basic cassette structure and the Galilean laser beam expanding system, and determine the primary and secondary mirror structure as a reflective focusless system as a determining module. This focusless system emits and receives parallel light, and the light source and detector separated by the beam splitter are designed as replaceable modules. Additionally, the imaging quality of the system can be optimized, or the effect of meeting different imaging requirements can be achieved, by changing the number and type of corrective mirrors and the parameters of the specific glass elements in the replaceable modules. After the final optimization, the radius of the imaging spot of the combined mirror group can be limited to 6.1 µm; the modulation transfer function is better than 0.6 at 100 lp/mm; the difference between the meridian and the arc-vector curves is less than 0.1; and the theoretical angular accuracy reaches 0.2″. The delayed-focusing system structure is analyzed under different temperature fields to provide guidance for the design of the subsequent structure temperature control. Comparison and analysis with commonly used angle measurement optical systems are also made. It is concluded that the structure meets the requirements for use in the on-orbit environment, completes the reuse of the established structural modules, and further saves the manufacturing cost, which provides a feasible solution to the problem of monitoring the small angular changes in the field of space.
How ready is the health care system in Northeast India for surgical delivery? a mixed-methods study on surgical capacity and need
Authors: Virk Amrit , King Rebecca , Heneise Michael , Aier Lanuakum , Child Catriona , Brown Julia , Jayne David , Ensor Tim 
Published: June 2024

Background
Surgical services are scarce with persisting inequalities in access across populations and regions globally. As the world’s most populous county, India’s surgical need is high and delivery rates estimated to be sub-par to meet need. There is a dearth of evidence, particularly sub-regional data, on surgical provisioning which is needed to aid planning.

Aim and method
This mixed-methods study examines the state of surgical care in Northeast India, specifically health care system capacity and barriers to surgical delivery. It involved a facility-based census and semi-structured interviews with surgeons and patients across four states in the region.

Results
Abdominal conditions constituted a large portion of the overall surgeries across public and private facilities in the region. Workloads varied among surgical providers across facilities. Task-shifting occurred, involving non-specialist nursing staff assisting doctors with surgical procedures or surgeons taking on anaesthetic tasks. Structural factors dis-incentivised facility-level investment in suitable infrastructure. Facility functionality was on average higher in private providers compared to public providers and private facilities offer a wider range of surgical procedures. Facilities in general had adequate laboratory testing capability, infrastructure and equipment. Public facilities often do not have surgeon available around the clock while both public and private facilities frequently lack adequate blood banking. Patients’ care pathways were shaped by facility-level shortages as well as personal preferences influenced by cost and distance to facilities.

Discussion and conclusion
Skewed workloads across facilities and regions indicate uneven surgical delivery, with potentially variable care quality and provider efficiency. The need for a more system-wide and inter-linked approach to referral coordination and human resource management is evident in the results. Existing task-shifting practices, along with incapacities induced by structural factors, signal the directions for possible policy action.
Serum copper and obesity among healthy adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Liu Menglu , Fang Changchang , Mei Kaibo , Ling Jitao , Fu Wanying , Qi Xinrui , Yu Peng , Yan Zhiwei , Xu Liang , Zhao Yujie , Li Xiaozhong , Liu Xiao 
Published: June 2024

Background
Copper (Cu) homeostasis are important processes in the cause of metabolic diseases, but the association between Cu and obesity remains unclear.

Methods
Participants were drawn from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression assessed the associations of serum Cu concentrations (tertiles) with obesity and central obesity in individuals without comorbidities. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥80 cm for women and ≥95 cm for men.

Results
This cross-sectional study included 1,665 adults without comorbidities, representing 24,744,034 people (mean age 35.1 years, 48.5% female). High serum Cu levels (tertile 3: ≥19.19 μmol/L) were associated with higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.48, 95% CI[confidence interval]: 2.44–8.32) and central obesity (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.19–4.66) compared to low serum Cu levels (tertile 1: ≤15.64 μmol/L). The dose-response curve showed a nonlinear association between Cu levels and obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.02) and a linear association with central obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.21).

Conclusion
This study suggests that higher serum Cu levels are associated with increased odds of obesity in healthy American adults.
Initial clubfoot treatment in Sweden from 2016 to 2019: A national register study
Authors: Johansson Arne , Wallander Henrik , Esbjörnsson Anna-Clara 
Published: June 2024

Background
This study aimed to describe the initial treatment of clubfoot deformity in Sweden using a national cohort. Secondarily we aimed to analyse the results of the initial treatment in relation to foot severity and additional diseases.

Methods
A national register, the Swedish Pediatric Orthopedic Quality Register, was used to extract data on children born with clubfoot in 2016–2019. Children with a registered evaluation after initial treatment were included. Data on deformity severity (Pirani score), casting treatment, and achillotenotomy were extracted. For children with bilateral clubfeet, one foot was included in the analysis.

Results
A total of 565 children were included in the analysis. Of these, 73% were boys and 47% had bilateral clubfeet. Children with isolated clubfoot required a median of six casts to correct the deformity, while children with non-isolated clubfoot needed a median of eight casts. Seventy-seven percent underwent an achillotenotomy. Residual deformities of 0.5 or above (often soft-tissue issues) according to the Pirani score were noted in 23% (isolated clubfoot) and 61% (non-isolated clubfoot) after initial treatment.

Conclusions
We have described the initial clubfoot treatment of children born with isolated or non-isolated clubfoot in Sweden based on data from a national register. The initial treatment was performed to a large extent according to the Ponseti method and international recommendations. Moreover, we discuss the usefulness of the Pirani score in classifying clubfoot deformity after treatment.
The association between major gastrointestinal cancers and red and processed meat and fish consumption: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the observational studies
Authors: Poorolajal Jalal , Mohammadi Younes , Fattahi-Darghlou Marzieh , Almasi-Moghadam Fatemeh 
Published: June 2024

Background
The association between red meat, fish, and processed meat consumption and the risk of developing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers remains inconclusive despite several investigations. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to update the existing scientific evidence.

Methods
We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until May 20, 2023. We analyzed observational studies that examined the associations between red and processed meat and fish consumption and GI cancers. We assessed between-study heterogeneity using the χ2 and τ2 tests, as well as I2 statistics. We explored the likelihood of publication bias using Begg’s and Egger’s tests and trim-and-fill analysis. We reported the overall effect sizes as odds ratios (ORs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using a random-effects model.

Results
Of the 21,004 studies identified, 95 studies involving 5,794,219 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The consumption of high levels of red meat, as compared to low levels, was found to significantly increase the risk of developing esophageal, pancreatic, liver, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. Similarly, the consumption of high levels of processed meat, as compared to low levels, significantly increased the risk of pancreatic, colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers. In contrast, the consumption of high levels of fish, as compared to low levels, significantly reduced the risk of colon, rectal, and colorectal cancers.

Conclusions
This meta-analysis provides updated evidence on the association between red meat, processed meat, and fish consumption and the risk of developing five major types of GI cancers.
Imagens de controle e diversão erudita: sobre o uso de Paulino Nogueira como fonte histórica da pena de morte no Ceará (1825-1855)
Authors: Mariz Silviana 
Published: June 2024

Neste artigo, reflito sobre o uso, como fonte histórica, das narrativas do político, intelectual e magistrado Paulino Nogueira Borges da Fonseca (1842-1908) a respeito das execuções por pena de morte no Ceará entre os anos de 1825 e 1855. Sem pretensão de invalidar uma das mais importantes fontes históricas sobre o tema, problematizo como pessoas, especialmente negras, livres e cativas, foram referidas em seus textos, a fim de compreender a escrita de Nogueira como uma diversão erudita destinada à sensibilidade de pequenas e médias elites em busca da consolidação de uma ordem social no pós-abolição por meio do humanismo penal como estratégia de controle social. No caso de pessoas negras, essa diversão erudita, em grande medida, se constituiu com a criação e fixação de imagens de controle atribuídas às pessoas apenadas, que convergem para a liberdade como cativeiro estendido e para a naturalização do corpo negro como lócus de sofrimento.
Pre-Existing and New-Onset Metabolic Dysfunctions Increase Cirrhosis and Its Complication Risks in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Huang Shang-Chin , Su Tung-Hung , Tseng Tai-Chung , Liao Sih-Han , Hsu Shih-Jer , Hong Chun-Ming , Lan Ting-Yuan , Liu Chen-Hua , Yang Hung-Chih , Liu Chun-Jen , Kao Jia-Horng 
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing among the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) population. This study aimed to explore the impact of metabolic dysfunction (MD) on cirrhosis and cirrhotic complication risks in CHB.

METHODS:
Patients with CHB were consecutively recruited between 2006 and 2021. The presence of MD was based on the 5 cardiometabolic criteria specified in the MASLD definition. Patients were categorized into MD/non-MD groups based on these criteria.

RESULTS:
Eleven thousand five hundred two treatment-naive noncirrhotic patients with CHB were included with a median follow-up of 5.3 years. Patients in the MD group (n = 7,314) were older and had lower hepatitis B virus DNA levels than non-MD patients (n = 4,188). After adjustment for clinical and viral factors, MD patients had significantly higher risks of cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40–2.37, P < 0.001) and cirrhotic complications (aHR: 1.30 per MD, 95% CI: 1.03–1.63, P = 0.025) in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, new-onset diabetes mellitus during the follow-up aggravated the risk of cirrhotic complications (aHR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.34–6.11, P = 0.006). Hepatic steatosis was associated with lower risks of cirrhosis (aHR: 0.57 within 5 years, 95% CI: 0.44–0.74, P < 0.001) and cirrhotic complications (aHR: 0.45, 95% CI 0.23–0.88, P = 0.020). Among individuals with hepatic steatosis, patients with MASLD exhibited a higher cirrhosis risk than non-MD patients.

DISCUSSION:
Concurrent and new-onset MDs increase the risks of cirrhosis and cirrhotic complications in patients with CHB, independent of hepatic steatosis. Proactively investigating metabolic comorbidities in CHB is critical to stratify the risk of liver disease progression.
Delayed Acute Pancreatitis After Transpapillary Gallbladder Drainage With Plastic Stents
Authors: Vincent Matthew L. , Aggarwal Manik , Chandrasekhara Vinay , Pardi Darrell S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography–guided transpapillary gallbladder drainage has emerged as an effective alternative for management of acute cholecystitis in nonoperable candidates. Delayed acute pancreatitis has not been previously described as an adverse event with this procedure. In this article, we describe 3 patients who developed acute pancreatitis between 2 and 6 weeks after stent insertion with no alternative inciting cause. Delayed acute pancreatitis may represent a rare and previously uncharacterized adverse event related to transpapillary gallbladder drainage.