bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and plasma pharmacokinetics in CD-1 mice of a 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivative displaying anti-cancer activity
Authors: Lallemand Benjamin , Ouedraogo Moustapha , Wauthoz Nathalie , Lamkami Touria , Mathieu Veronique , Jabin Ivan , Amighi Karim , Kiss Robert , Dubois Jacques , Goole Jonathan 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objectives
The plasma pharmacokinetic profile in CD-1 mice of a novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivative, which displays in vitro anti-cancer activity, was assessed.

Methods
This study involved an original one-step synthesis of N-(2-{3-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ureido}ethyl)-glycyrrhetinamide, (2) a compound that displays marked anti-proteasome and anti-kinase activity. The bioselectivity profile of 2 on human normal NHDF fibroblasts vs human U373 glioblastoma cells was assessed. Maximal tolerated dose (MTD) profiling of 2 was carried out in CD1 mice, and its serum pharmacokinetics were profiled using an acute intravenous administration of 40 mg/kg body weight.

Key findings
Compound 2 displayed IC50 in vitro growth inhibitory concentrations of 29 and 8 μm on NHDF fibroblasts and U373 glioblastoma cells, respectively, thus a bioselectivity index of ∼4. The intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that 2 was rapidly distributed (t1/2dist of ∼3 min) but slowly eliminated (t1/2elim = ∼77 min).

Conclusions
This study describes an original and reliable nanoemulsion of a GA derivative with both anti-proteasome and anti-kinase properties and that should be further tested in vivo using various human xenograft or murine syngeneic tumour models with both single and chronic intravenous administration.
From silence to storm – patient illness trajectory from diabetes diagnosis to haemodialysis in Taiwan: a qualitative study of patients' perceptions
Authors: Yu I‐Chen , Tsai Yun‐Fang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThis article is a report of a study that explored the perceptions of patients as they experienced their diabetes illness trajectory, and their initial decisions to undergo dialysis, in an effort to provide further complementary guidance for nurses and healthcare practitioners.BackgroundDiabetes leads to higher morbidity and mortality when patients develop renal failure resulting from diabetic nephropathy. An effective self‐care regimen and multidisciplinary team approach are required to avoid or delay the serious chronic complications of the disease. Patients and healthcare practitioners must be aware therefore of psycho‐physiological adjustment when seeking to delay the onset of complications.DesignA qualitative design was used for data collection through semi‐structured interviews.MethodData were analysed using content analysis. Participants were 25 diabetes patients undergoing initial haemodialysis who were recruited from diabetes and nephrology wards at a medical centre in northern Taiwan. Data were collected from December 2010–August 2011.FindingsThe core theme describing the illness trajectory derived from face‐to‐face interviews with people undergoing hemodialysis was ‘from silence to storm’. There emerged also five phases of patient experience that resulted from the development of diabetic nephropathy: (1) diabetes onset stage; (2) stable stage; (3) burden stage; (4) shock stage; and (5) coping stage.ConclusionsPatients suffer with diabetic nephropathy for a long‐term period. Our findings may enhance the understanding of nurses regarding the experiences of patients with diabetic nephropathy, and will help them provide diabetes care that promotes healthy life for those individuals.
Menopausal symptoms and physical activity in multiethnic groups of midlife women: a secondary analysis
Authors: Chang Sun Ju , Chee Wonshik , Im Eun‐Ok 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo explore the effect of diverse types of women's physical activity on menopausal symptoms among multiethnic groups of midlife women in the USA.BackgroundAlthough physical activity is one of the most widely used non‐pharmacological methods for managing menopausal symptoms, there is a paucity of clinical guidelines for women and healthcare providers because the relationship between physical activity and menopausal symptoms has been found inconsistent in previous studies.DesignA secondary analysis of the data from a lager Internet survey study conducted in 2008–2010.MethodsA total of 481 midlife women among four ethnic groups were selected from the original study. The data were collected using the Kaiser Physical Activity Survey and the Midlife Women's Symptom Index. Bivariate correlation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyse the data.Results/FindingsThe household/caregiving activity index was positively associated with the prevalence scores of the psychological symptoms in both non‐Hispanic Asians and non‐Hispanic African Americans. The increased sports/exercise activity index was negatively associated with the severity scores of the physical symptoms in both Hispanics and non‐Hispanic Whites. The occupational activity index and the active living activity index significantly predicted the severity scores of the psychosomatic symptoms in Hispanics and non‐Hispanic African Americans, respectively.ConclusionNurses who take care of multiethnic groups of midlife women who experience menopausal symptoms should be aware of diverse types of women's physical activities within the cultural context.
Year‐round distribution suggests spatial segregation of two small petrel species in the South Atlantic
Authors: Quillfeldt Petra , Masello Juan F. , Navarro Joan , Phillips Richard A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimPelagic seabirds exploit large areas of ocean when acting as central‐place foragers during the breeding season, and ranges are even more extensive outside the breeding period. Spatial niche partitioning is known to occur among species that breed sympatrically, but is less apparent during the non‐breeding period when there is increased potential for overlap among closely related species from neighbouring island groups. This applies to several species of prion, Pachyptila spp., in the Southern Ocean; although extremely abundant, their at‐sea distribution was virtually unknown because they are difficult to distinguish while at sea. To understand spatial niche partitioning at large scales, we investigated the year‐round distribution of thin‐billed prions (Pachyptila belcheri) from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) and Antarctic prions (Pachyptila desolata) from South Georgia.LocationSouth Atlantic Ocean.MethodsRecently, geolocation devices have become small enough to be deployed on small seabirds. During 2009–10, we tracked 20 thin‐billed prions and 9 Antarctic prions with miniaturized geolocators. We applied ecological niche models to compare environmental conditions in the habitat utilized year‐round.ResultsWe show that two prion species from the south‐west Atlantic Ocean have divergent patterns of migration, and that this has resulted in nearly complete spatial segregation (0–5% overlap by month in the 95% kernel density polygons). Nineteen of 20 thin‐billed prions migrated to an area > 3000 km east of their breeding site, whereas all Antarctic prions migrated a much shorter distance, and to the north‐west. The non‐breeding distribution of thin‐billed prions included the waters around South Georgia, but only when the Antarctic prions were absent. The models highlighted large differences in the realized niche between the two species, and between the habitat characteristics of breeding and non‐breeding areas of thin‐billed and Antarctic prions.Main conclusionsOur results are consistent with the prediction that spatial niche partitioning occurs at large scales, allowing the co‐existence of related species. The methods applied here will enable predictive maps of the distributions of other prion populations to be created, once data become available from other breeding sites in the Southern Ocean.
Riparian forests of Southwest Europe: are functional trait and species composition assemblages constrained by environment?
Authors: Aguiar Francisca C. , Cerdeira Jorge Orestes , Martins Maria João , Ferreira Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2012

AbstractQuestionsWhat are the species and functional trait composition of riparian forests in near‐natural Southwest European rivers? Are functional trait and species assemblages constrained by environment?LocationNear‐natural riparian habitats throughout mainland Portugal, Southwest Europe.MethodsWe collected data on riparian woody abundances and environmental variables from 175 river locations. Twenty‐eight key functional traits were assigned to the surveyed species. Hierarchical clustering and indicator species analysis were used to derive compositional and functional groups of sites. We used Mantel tests to relate species and trait abundances and environmental gradients, and identified sets of relevant variables at diverse spatial scales. Then, four Dispersion indicators were developed to assess the extent to which the groups are constrained by the environment. These measures were tested for significance using iteration procedures.ResultsClustering revealed four compositional groups of sites: Alder woods, Ash woods, Tree–heath shrublands and Semi‐arid shrublands; and three functional groups: Mixed riparian forests, Shrublands with fleshy fruits and Stress‐tolerant shrublands. These groups were primarily defined by broad‐scale gradients of climate, elevation and river hierarchy. The most dispersed groups had broad trait composition (e.g. Mixed riparian forests) and were floristically diverse (Alder woods). In general, the compositional groups were more closely related to environmental gradients than the functional groups.ConclusionsAssemblages with very specific functional traits or with homogeneous species composition were largely constrained to the most extreme environmental conditions in the study area. Future research to assist environmental management should be directed to the role of fine‐scale environmental determinants of riparian assemblages, especially those related to flow variability and water stress.
Increased risks of epilepsy and neuropsychiatric diseases in children of mothers with alcoholic liver disease
Authors: Stokkeland Knut , Ebrahim Fereshte , Hultcrantz Rolf , Ekbom Anders 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy in women with liver disease may increase the risk of fetal complication. Data on disease frequencies in children born to mothers with alcoholic liver disease do not exist, although we do know that prenatal alcohol exposure may affect the fetus negatively.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess the relative risk of neuropsychiatric diseases in children who were born to mothers with chronic liver diseases.MethodsWe linked the Hospital Discharge Register, Medical Birth Register and Pharmaceutical Register in Sweden between 1969 and 2009 to identify women with liver disease. We identified their children, up to the age of 16 in the Medical Birth Register, born between 1973 and 2009. Between 2005 and 2009, we identified every prescription that was dispensed to these children.ResultsWe identified 5 124 children of mothers with alcoholic liver disease. There were 22 960 children of mothers with non‐alcoholic liver disease. For controls, we used 10 sex‐, age‐ and birthplace‐matched children. There were more children born to mothers with alcoholic liver disease before the birth who had been dispensed antiepileptics (n = 11, RR = 3.2 (1.6–6.4)), neuroleptics (n = 7, RR = 5.0 (2.0–12.5)) and drugs to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (n = 22, RR = 5.9 (3.7–9.4)) compared with sex‐, age‐ and regionally adjusted controls. Children born to mothers with non‐alcoholic liver disease had significantly increased risk of being dispensed drugs to treat attention deficit disorders (RR = 2.2 (1.8–2.6)).ConclusionsMothers with alcoholic liver disease have increased risks of having children with severe neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Penetrating the ‘black‐box’ of ‘remembrance day’ playlist: bereavement and the induction mechanisms of glocalization – a study in cultural sociology
Authors: Hermoni Gal , Lebel Udi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article examines the musical repertoire broadcast on Israeli state radio stations on Remembrance Day. Commencing with the first Remembrance Day, Israeli radio stations have refrained from broadcasting songs that do not contribute to the glorification of the military mythology or failure to reinforce the consensual perception of national loss. In view of globalization – it might be assumed that Remembrance Day songs would undergo changes in tune with the times. From a musical point of view, new songs that belong to what Regev and Seroussi classify as ‘globalizing Israel’ penetrated into the nationalist arena. But, following Inglehart and Baker, these songs, despite their seemingly secular façade, remain limited hegemonic enclosures organized around the core of founding values. Apparently, this is an example of the process of glocalization of culture. The article seeks answers to the strategies employed to accommodate these new songs to the traditional ideology of the classical Remembrance Day songs and examines whether the mechanisms of legitimacy that enable the inclusion of new voices on Remembrance Day, can be identified. We argue that their choice is not arbitrary and that they illustrate the manner by which voluntary cultural entrepreneurs (musical editors) are co‐opted in the postnational condition.
Chronic hepatitis B and C: Exploring perceived stigma, disease information, and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Drazic Yvonne Nelly , Caltabiano Marie Louise 
Published: November 2012

AbstractResearch indicates that chronic hepatitis C affects people's quality of life, but such reports are scarce about hepatitis B. This Australian study explored whether perceived stigma and satisfaction with received information and care were related to health‐related quality of life in people with chronic hepatitis B or C. A questionnaire was constructed comprising demographic questions and existing scales to measure the variables. The 77 participants were recruited through various online channels. The median age was 48 years, 74% had hepatitis C, 60% were female, and 73% were Caucasian. Participants with Hepatitis B reported substantially less perceived stigma than those with Hepatitis C, but there was no significant difference between the two groups in health‐related quality of life. Participants with Hepatitis C reported higher satisfaction with received information. The results highlight specific aspects to consider in the care of people with chronic hepatitis. For example, people with hepatitis B do not seem to enjoy better health‐related quality of life despite lower perceived stigmatization. Therefore, these patients may require other improvements in service delivery such as the provision of more culturally appropriate information and education about chronic hepatitis B.
Obesity and C‐reactive protein in various populations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choi J. , Joseph L. , Pilote L. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryObesity has been associated with elevated levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation and predictor of cardiovascular risk. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to estimate the associations between obesity and CRP according to sex, ethnicity and age. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched through October 2011. Data from 51 cross‐sectional studies that used body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) or waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) as measure of obesity were independently extracted by two reviewers and aggregated using random‐effects models. The Pearson correlation (r) for BMI and ln(CRP) was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30–0.42) in adults and 0.37 (CI, 0.31–0.43) in children. In adults, r for BMI and ln(CRP) was greater in women than men by 0.24 (CI, 0.09–0.37), and greater in North Americans/Europeans than Asians by 0.15 (CI, 0–0.28), on average. In North American/European children, the sex difference in r for BMI and ln(CRP) was 0.01 (CI, −0.08 to 0.06). Although limited to anthropometric measures, we found similar results when WC and WHR were used in the analyses. Obesity is associated with elevated levels of CRP and the association is stronger in women and North Americans/Europeans. The sex difference only emerges in adulthood.
Prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of overweight in children and adolescents who underwent renal transplantation – Short‐ and medium‐term analysis
Authors: Boschetti Sofia Bonna , Nogueira Paulo Cesar Koch , Pereira Aline Maria Luiz , Fisberg Mauro , Pestana José Osmar Medina 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for (i) overweight/obesity and (ii) weight gain six months after transplantation and to study the effect of weight excess on graft function and survival. We performed a retrospective study of kidney transplanted children. Endpoints: (i) prevalence of overweight/obesity at sixth month, (ii) gaining 1.0 BMI SDS from one to six months. To study the effects of weight excess, graft function and survival at 36 months were the endpoints. The study included 197 individuals. At sixth month, 57/197 (29%) presented overweight/obesity, and the factors associated to this outcome were: (i) age at transplantation (OR = 3.04) and (ii) overweight/obesity in the first month (OR = 22.16). Groups presented no difference on graft function and survival at 36 months. From one to six months, 90/197 (46%) patients gained >1.0 BMI SDS. This outcome was associated with (i) female sex (OR = 2.50), (ii) steroids' pulses (OR = 2.98), (iii) steroids exposure (OR = 1.04), and (iv) living donor (OR = 2.69). The group that gained BMI presented a lower 36 months graft survival (86% vs. 98%, p < 0.001). Weight excess and gain after transplantation are frequent, particularly in younger female recipients and in those receiving high steroids exposure. The lower graft survival in patients with rapid weight gain deserves investigation.
Outcomes of children receiving en bloc renal transplants from small pediatric donors
Authors: Butani Lavjay , Troppmann Christoph , Perez Richard V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe utilization of en bloc renal allografts from small pediatric donors has been adopted as an effective strategy to expand the organ donor pool in adult recipients. Data in children are limited. The aim of our study is to describe the outcomes of en bloc renal transplants in children from our center. Medical records of children receiving pediatric en bloc renal transplants at our institution from January 2007 were abstracted. Data collected included recipient and donor demographics, operative technique and complications, and post‐operative studies. Eight children received en bloc renal transplants at a median age of 17 yr; median follow‐up was 0.9 yr. Donor body weight ranged from 4 to 22 kg. One kidney was lost to intra‐operative thrombosis, while the other kidney from this en bloc graft remained viable. All grafts showed increased renal size at follow‐up ultrasound. Surveillance biopsies showed glomerulomegaly in two patients. At last follow‐up, the median eGFR was 130 mL/min/1.73 m2. The urinary protein to creatinine ratio was normal in four of seven patients. Our data suggest that in experienced centers, en bloc renal transplantation from young donors into pediatric recipients is effective. Long‐term follow‐up to monitor for complications, including hyperfiltration injury, is warranted.
Prope tolerance after pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Bourdeaux Christophe , Pire Aurore , Janssen Magda , Stéphenne Xavier , Smets Francoise , Sokal Etienne , de Magnée Catherine , Fusaro Fabio , Reding Raymond 
Published: November 2012

AbstractpT, under mono‐ and infratherapeutic calcineurin inhibition, may constitute an optimal condition combining graft acceptance with low IS load and minimal IS‐related toxicity. We reviewed 171 pediatric (<15.0 yr) survivors beyond one yr after LT, transplanted between April 1999 and June 2007 under tacrolimus‐based regimens (median follow‐up post‐LT: 6.0 yr, range: 0.8–9.5 yr). Their current status regarding IS therapy was analyzed and correlated with initial immunoprophylaxis. pT was defined as tacrolimus monotherapy, with mean trough blood levels <4 ng/mL during the preceding year of follow‐up, combined with normal liver function tests. The 66 children transplanted before April 2001 received a standard tacrolimus–steroid regimen. Beyond April 2001, 105 patients received steroid‐free tacrolimus–basiliximab or tacrolimus–daclizumab immunoprophylaxis. In the latter group, 43 (41%) never experienced any acute rejection episode and never received steroids. In the long term, a total of 79 recipients (47%) developed pT (n = 73) or IS‐free operational tolerance (n = 6), 27 of them belonging to the 43 steroid‐free patients (63%). In contrast, only 52/128 (41%) children treated with steroids subsequently developed prope/operational tolerance (p = 0.012). Steroid‐free tacrolimus‐based IS seems to promote long‐term graft acceptance under minimal/no IS. These results constitute the first evidence that minimization of IS, including steroid avoidance, might be tolerogenic in the long term after pediatric LT.
Mode of First Delivery and Women's Intentions for Subsequent Childbearing: Findings from the First Baby Study
Authors: Kjerulff Kristen H. , Velott Diana L. , Zhu Junjia , Chuang Cynthia H. , Hillemeier Marianne M. , Paul Ian M. , Repke John T. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundMore than a dozen studies have reported a reduced rate of childbearing after caesarean delivery (CD). It has been hypothesised that this is because women who deliver by CD are less likely to intend to have subsequent children than women who deliver vaginally – either before childbirth or as a consequence of CD. Little research has addressed either of these hypotheses.MethodsAs part of an ongoing prospective study, we interviewed 3006 women in their third trimester and 1 month after first childbirth to assess subsequent childbearing intentions.ResultsWomen who delivered by CD were similar to those who delivered vaginally in intent to have at least one additional child, both before childbirth (90.1% vaginal, 89.9% CD; P = 0.97) and after (87.8% vaginal, 87.1% CD; P = 0.87); however, women who had CD were less likely to intend two or more additional children, both before childbirth (34.7% vaginal, 29.2% CD; P = 0.03) and after (32.2% vaginal, 26.1% CD; P = 0.01). Among women who intended to have at least one additional child before childbirth, 5.0% reported intending to have no additional children 1 month after delivery (5.1% vaginal, 4.6% CD; P = 0.52).ConclusionsWomen whose first delivery is by CD are less likely to intend a relatively large family of three or more children than those who deliver vaginally, but delivery by CD does not decrease women's intentions to have at least one more child any more than does vaginal delivery, at least in the short term.