bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency medicine residents’ beliefs about contributing to an online collaborative slideshow
Authors: Archambault Patrick M. , Thanh Jasmine , Blouin Danielle , Gagnon Susie , Poitras Julien , Fountain Renée-Marie , Fleet Richard , Bilodeau Andrea , van de Belt Tom H. , Légaré France 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveCollaborative writing applications (CWAs), such as the Google DocsTM platform, can improve skill acquisition, knowledge retention, and collaboration in medical education. Using CWAs to support the training of residents offers many advantages, but stimulating them to contribute remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify emergency medicine (EM) residents’ beliefs about their intention to contribute summaries of landmark articles to a Google DocsTM slideshow while studying for their Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) certification exam.MethodUsing the Theory of Planned Behavior, the authors interviewed graduating RCPSC EM residents about contributing to a slideshow. Residents were asked about behavioral beliefs (advantages/disadvantages), normative beliefs (positive/negative referents), and control beliefs (barriers/facilitators). Two reviewers independently performed qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts to identify salient beliefs in relation to the defined behaviors.ResultsOf 150 eligible EM residents, 25 participated. The main reported advantage of contributing to the online slideshow was learning consolidation (n=15); the main reported disadvantage was information overload (n=3). The most frequently reported favorable referents were graduating EM residents writing the certification exam (n=16). Few participants (n=3) perceived any negative referents. The most frequently reported facilitator was peer-reviewed high-quality scientific information (n=9); and the most frequently reported barrier was time constraints (n=22).ConclusionSalient beliefs exist regarding EM residents’ intention to contribute content to an online collaborative writing project using a Google DocsTM slideshow. Overall, participants perceived more advantages than disadvantages to contributing and believed that this initiative would receive wide support. However, participants reported several barriers that need to be addressed to increase contributions. Our intention is for the beliefs identified in this study to contribute to the design of a theory-based questionnaire to explore determinants of residents' intentions to contribute to an online collaborative writing project. This will help develop implementation strategies for increasing contributions to other CWAs in medical education.
Case-fatality of hand, foot and mouth disease associated with EV71: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: ZHAO Y. Y. , JIN H. , ZHANG X. F. , WANG B. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a growing public health concern. This study aimed to estimate the case-fatality of HFMD associated with EV71 on the basis of a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Elsevier, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases. Two authors independently selected relevant studies. The pooled estimate of case-fatality was calculated using a random-effects model. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression. We identified 14 eligible studies with a total population of 112 546. The random-effects pooled case-fatality was 1·7% (95% confidence interval 1·2–2·4). The funnel plot was asymmetrical. The estimate of case-fatality was highest in mainland China (1·8%). Removal of eight local Chinese studies decreased the original estimate. The pooled case-fatality in the period of 1998–2007 (1·5%) was lower than that in the period 2008–2012 (1·8%). Control measures for HFMD associated with EV71 are essential because of the increased case-fatality over time, especially in East Asia.
Low expression of long noncoding RNA PANDAR predicts a poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer and affects cell apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2
Authors: Han L , Zhang E-b , Yin D-d , Kong R , Xu T-p , Chen W-m , Xia R , Shu Y-q , De W 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRecently, a novel class of transcripts, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is involved in diseases including cancer. Here, we investigated the the role of lncRNA PANDAR in the progression of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). PANDAR, interacting with NF-YA, was generally downregulated in NSCLC tissues. In a cohort of 140 NSCLC patients, decreased PANDAR expression was negatively correlated with greater tumor size (P<0.001) and advanced TNM stage (P=0.002). Moreover, PANDAR could serve as an independent predictor for overall survival in NSCLC (P=0.015). Further experiments demonstrated that PANDAR expression was induced by p53, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays confirmed that PANDAR was a direct transcriptional target of p53 in NSCLC cells. PANDAR overexpression significantly repressed the proliferation in vitro and in vivo. We also showed that PANDAR-mediated growth regulation is in part due to the transcriptional modulation of Bcl-2 by interacting with NF-YA, thus affecting NSCLC cell apoptosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report which showed the role of PANDAR in the progression of NSCLC. The p53/PANDAR/NF-YA/Bcl-2 interaction might serve as targets for NSCLC diagnosis and therapy.
Withanolide E sensitizes renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by increasing cFLIP degradation
Authors: Henrich C J , Brooks A D , Erickson K L , Thomas C L , Bokesch H R , Tewary P , Thompson C R , Pompei R J , Gustafson K R , McMahon J B , Sayers T J 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWithanolide E, a steroidal lactone from Physalis peruviana, was found to be highly active for sensitizing renal carcinoma cells and a number of other human cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. Withanolide E, the most potent and least toxic of five TRAIL-sensitizing withanolides identified, enhanced death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling by a rapid decline in the levels of cFLIP proteins. Other mechanisms by which TRAIL sensitizers have been reported to work: generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in pro-and antiapoptotic protein expression, death receptor upregulation, activation of intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathways, ER stress, and proteasomal inhibition proved to be irrelevant to withanolide E activity. Loss of cFLIP proteins was not due to changes in expression, but rather destabilization and/or aggregation, suggesting impairment of chaperone proteins leading to degradation. Indeed, withanolide E treatment altered the stability of a number of HSP90 client proteins, but with greater apparent specificity than the well-known HSP90 inhibitor geldanamycin. As cFLIP has been reported to be an HSP90 client, this provides a potentially novel mechanism for sensitizing cells to TRAIL. Sensitization of human renal carcinoma cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by withanolide E and its lack of toxicity were confirmed in animal studies. Owing to its novel activity, withanolide E is a promising reagent for the analysis of mechanisms of TRAIL resistance, for understanding HSP90 function, and for further therapeutic development. In marked contrast to bortezomib, among the best currently available TRAIL sensitizers, withanolide E’s more specific mechanism of action suggests minimal toxic side effects.
Gate-controlled generation of optical pulse trains using individual carbon nanotubes
Authors: Jiang M , Kumamoto Y , Ishii A , Yoshida M , Shimada T , Kato Y. K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn single-walled carbon nanotubes, electron–hole pairs form tightly bound excitons because of limited screening. These excitons display a variety of interactions and processes that could be exploited for applications in nanoscale photonics and optoelectronics. Here we report on optical pulse-train generation from individual air-suspended carbon nanotubes under an application of square-wave gate voltages. Electrostatically induced carrier accumulation quenches photoluminescence, while a voltage sign reversal purges those carriers, resetting the nanotubes to become luminescent temporarily. Frequency-domain measurements reveal photoluminescence recovery with characteristic frequencies that increase with excitation laser power, showing that photoexcited carriers provide a self-limiting mechanism for pulsed emission. Time-resolved measurements directly confirm the presence of an optical pulse train synchronized to the gate voltage signal, and flexible control over pulse timing and duration is also demonstrated. These results identify an unconventional route for optical pulse generation and electrical-to-optical signal conversion, opening up new prospects for controlling light at the nanoscale.
North Atlantic storm track changes during the Last Glacial Maximum recorded by Alpine speleothems
Authors: Luetscher Marc , Boch R. , Sodemann H. , Spötl C. , Cheng H. , Edwards R. L. , Frisia S. , Hof F. , Müller W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe European Alps are an effective barrier for meridional moisture transport and are thus uniquely placed to record shifts in the North Atlantic storm track pattern associated with the waxing and waning of Late-Pleistocene Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. The lack of well-dated terrestrial proxy records spanning this time period, however, renders the reconstruction of past atmospheric patterns difficult. Here we present a precisely dated, continuous terrestrial record of meteoric precipitation in Europe between 30 and 14.7 ka. In contrast to present-day conditions, our speleothem data provide strong evidence for preferential advection of moisture from the South across the Alps supporting a southward shift of the storm track during the local Last Glacial Maximum (that is, 26.5–23.5 ka). Moreover, our age control indicates that this circulation pattern preceded the Northern Hemisphere precession maximum by ~3 ka, suggesting that obliquity may have played a considerable role in the Alpine ice aggradation.
Facile synthesis of the Ti3+ self-doped TiO2-graphene nanosheet composites with enhanced photocatalysis
Authors: Qiu Bocheng , Zhou Yi , Ma Yunfei , Yang Xiaolong , Sheng Weiqin , Xing Mingyang , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study developed a facile approach for preparing Ti3+ self-doped TiO2-graphene photocatalyst by a one-step vacuum activation technology involved a relative lower temperature, which could be activated by the visible light owing to the synergistic effect among Ti3+ doping, some new intersurface bonds generation and graphene oxide reduction. Compared with the traditional methods, the vacuum activation involves a low temperature and low-costing, which can achieve the reduction of GO, the self doping of Ti3+ in TiO2 and the loading of TiO2 nanoparticles on GR surface at the same time. These resulting TiO2-graphene composites show the high photodegradation rate of MO, high hydrogen evolution activity and excellent IPCE in the visible light irradiation. The facile vacuum activation method can provide an effective and practical approach to improve the performance of TiO2-graphene and other metal oxides-graphene towards their practical photocatalytic applications.
Breakdown of Continuum Fracture Mechanics at the Nanoscale
Authors: Shimada Takahiro , Ouchi Kenji , Chihara Yuu , Kitamura Takayuki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMaterials fail by the nucleation and propagation of a crack, the critical condition of which is quantitatively described by fracture mechanics that uses an intensity of singular stress field characteristically formed near the crack-tip. However, the continuum assumption basing fracture mechanics obscures the prediction of failure of materials at the nanoscale due to discreteness of atoms. Here, we demonstrate the ultimate dimensional limit of fracture mechanics at the nanoscale, where only a small number of atoms are included in a singular field of continuum stress formed near a crack tip. Surprisingly, a singular stress field of only several nanometers still governs fracture as successfully as that at the macroscale, whereas both the stress intensity factor and the energy release rate fail to describe fracture below a critically confined singular field of 2–3 nm, i.e., breakdown of fracture mechanics within the framework of the continuum theory. We further propose an energy-based theory that explicitly accounts for the discrete nature of atoms and demonstrate that our theory not only successfully describes fracture even below the critical size but also seamlessly connects the atomic to macroscales. It thus provides a more universal fracture criterion and novel atomistic insights into fracture.
Selenopeptides and elemental selenium in Thunbergia alata after exposure to selenite: quantification method for elemental selenium
Authors: Aborode Fatai Adigun , Raab Andrea , Foster Simon , Lombi Enzo , Maher William , Krupp Eva M , Feldmann Joerg 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Three month old Thunbergia alata were exposed for 13 days to 10 μM selenite to determine the biotransformation of selenite in their roots. Selenium in formic acid extracts (80 ± 3%) was present as selenopeptides with Se–S bonds and selenium–PC complexes (selenocysteinyl-2-3-dihydroxypropionyl-glutathione, seleno-phytochelatin2, seleno-di-glutathione). An analytical method using HPLC-ICPMS to detect and quantify elemental selenium in roots of T. alata plants using sodium sulfite to quantitatively transform elemental selenium to selenosulfate was also developed. Elemental selenium was determined as 18 ± 4% of the total selenium in the roots which was equivalent to the selenium not extracted using formic acid extraction. The results are in an agreement with the XAS measurements of the exposed roots which showed no occurrence of selenite or selenate but a mixture of selenocysteine and elemental selenium.
Numerical simulation of the December 4, 2007 landslide-generated tsunami in Chehalis Lake, Canada
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Ward Steven N. , Xiao Lili 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
On December 4, 2007, a three million cubic metres landslide impacted Chehalis Lake, 80 km east of Vancouver, Canada. The failed mass rushed into the lake and parented a tsunami that ran up 38 m on the opposite shore, destroyed trees, roads and campsite facilities. Armed with field surveys and multihigh-tech observations from SONAR, LiDAR and orthophotographs, we apply the newly developed ‘Tsunami Squares’ method to simulate the Chehalis Lake landslide and its generated tsunami. The landslide simulation shows a progressive failure, flow speeds up to ∼60 m s–1, and a slide mass stoppage with uniform repose angle on the lakebed. Tsunami products suggest that landslide velocity and spatial scale influence the initial wave size, while wave energy decay and inundation heights are affected by a combination of distance to the landslide, bathymetry and shoreline orientation relative to the wave direction.
Evaluation of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria against group B Streptococcus colonization in pregnant women: a nested analysis of a randomized controlled clinical trial of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine versus mefloquine
Authors: Capan-Melser Mesküre , Mombo Ngoma Ghyslain , Akerey-Diop Daisy , Basra Arti , Würbel Heike , Groger Mirjam , Mackanga Jean R. , Zoleko-Manego Rella , Schipulle Ulla , Schwing Julia , Lötsch Felix , Rehman Khalid , Matsiegui Pierre-Blaise , Agnandji Selidji T. , Adegnika Ayôla A. , Bélard Sabine , González Raquel , Kremsner Peter G. , Menendez Clara , Ramharter Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Streptococcus agalactiae constitutes an important cause of neonatal infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine—the current intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp)—has proven in vitro activity against group B Streptococcus (GBS). Because of specific drug resistance to sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, mefloquine—an antimalarial without in vitro activity against GBS—was evaluated as a potential alternative. This study assessed the potential of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-IPTp to reduce the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant women in Gabon when compared with the inactive control mefloquine-IPTp.

Methods
Pregnant women participating in a randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating mefloquine-IPTp versus sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-IPTp were invited to participate and recto-vaginal swabs were collected at delivery for detection of GBS colonization. Prevalence of recto-vaginal GBS colonization was compared between IPTp regimens and risk factor and birth outcome analyses were computed.

Results
Among 549 participants, 106 were positive for GBS colonization at delivery (19%; 95% CI = 16%–23%). Prevalence of maternal GBS colonization showed no significant difference between the two IPTp regimens (mefloquine-IPTp: 67 of 366 women = 18%; 95% CI = 14%–22%; sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine-IPTp: 39 of 183 women = 21%; 95% CI = 15%–27%). Risk factor analysis for GBS colonization demonstrated a significant association with illiteracy (adjusted OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.25–3.30). GBS colonization had no impact on birth outcome, anaemia at delivery, gestational age and birth weight.

Conclusions
Sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine did not reduce colonization rates when used as the IPTp drug during pregnancy. Illiteracy was associated with GBS colonization.
Chemical Clearance in Infants and Children With Acid Reflux in the Physiologic Range
Authors: Woodley Frederick W. , Machado Rodrigo , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Mousa Hayat 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:We reported that chemical clearance (CC) of acid gastroesophageal reflux (AGER) is relatively prolonged in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Disparity in CC values within our CF cohort sparked curiosity as to what CC looks like in infants and children with AGER in the physiologic range. The aim of the study was to assess CC in infants and children with normal AGER.Methods:Impedance‐pH tracings from our database for infants (≤12 months) and children (>12 months–18 years) were manually scanned for 2‐phase AGER episodes. Tracings were excluded for patients who had AGER Indices >3% (children) or >6% (infants), had positive GER‐symptom associations, were on antireflux medications, had a fundoplication, or had impedance studies shorter than 18 hour. In addition to medians (25%–75% interquartile range), we calculated the 95th percentile for the CC duration and the fifth percentile for the CC rate.Results:Two‐phase AGER episodes were detected in 44 infants and 60 children. The median CC duration was 64.3 seconds (51.0–91.6 seconds) for infants and 37.5 seconds (27.7–52.4 seconds) for children. The median CC rate was 0.0622 pH units/second (PU/second) (0.0354–0.0946 PU/second) for infants and 0.0928 PU/second (0.0631–0.2057 PU/second) for children. The CC duration at the 95th percentile was 148.5 seconds for infants and 114.4 seconds for children. The CC rate at the fifth percentile was 0.0088 PU/second for infants and 0.0465 PU/second for children.Conclusions:We report reference values for CC in infants and children who have normal acid reflux. These values should not be used as “cutoff values” because they were derived from infant and children cohorts that did not include individuals with intermediate AGER.
Development of a Medication Safety and Quality Survey for Small Rural Hospitals
Authors: Winterstein Almut G. , Johns Thomas E. , Campbell Kyle N , Libby Joel , Pannell Bob 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
We summarize the development and initial implementation of a survey tool to assess medication safety in small rural hospitals.

Summary
As part of an ongoing rural hospital medication safety improvement program, we developed a survey tool in all 13 critical access hospitals (CAHs) in Florida. The survey was compiled from existing medication safety assessments and standards, clinical practice guidelines, and published literature. Survey items were selected based on considerations regarding practicality and relevance to the CAH setting.
The final survey instrument included 134 items representing 17 medication safety domains. Overall hospital scores ranged from 41% to 95%, with a median of 59%. Most hospitals showed large variation in scores across domains, with 5 hospitals having at least 1 domain with scores less than 10%. Highest scores across all facilities were seen for safety procedures concerning high-alert or look-alike medications and the assembly of emergency carts. The lowest median scores included availability and consistent use of standardized order sets and the effective implementation of medication safety committees. Most hospitals used the survey results to identify and prioritize quality improvement activities.

Conclusions
The survey can be used to conduct a short medication safety assessment specific to a limited number of areas and services in CAHs. It showed good ability to discriminate medication safety levels across participating sites and highlighted opportunities for improvement. It may need modification if case mix or services differ in other states or if the status quo of medication safety in CAHs or related standards advance. The described process of survey development might be helpful to support such modifications.
Facial subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora verrucosa: successful treatment with itraconazole and local resection
Authors: Zhang Yu , Wang Xiaowen , Li Ruoyu , Kang Yuan , Shi Xianhua , Hagen Ferry , Liu Yahong , Li Guizhen , Kong Xiangjun , Zhang Junling 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
The fungal disease phaeohyphomycosis tends to occur in immunosuppressed individuals and has rarely been reported to be caused by Phialophora verrucosa.

Case presentation:
Here, we report a primary subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis case caused by P. verrucosa in an immunocompromised Chinese female with a CARD9 mutation that was cured with local resection and further treated with itraconazole. The current case is placed in perspective with a review of the relevant literature. The patient presented with painless dark erythema and a plaque on the right part of her face that had been present for the past 20 years. Histological examinations revealed multiple brown hyphae, bead‐like pseudohyphae and yeast‐like cells either within the giant cell or distributed in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. The fungal cultures were morphologically identified as P. verrucosa and were confirmed by internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequencing. A partial surgical focal excision was performed, and the patient was treated with oral itraconazole 200 mg daily for 1 year as maintenance therapy, resulting in complete resolution of the lesions.

Conclusion:
This case is notable due to the prolonged course before a definitive diagnosis was made, the rarity of P. verrucosa as the cause of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis and the dramatic improvement after the focal lesion was excised and treated with itraconazole.
Multidrug‐resistant OXA‐48‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae mediastinitis treated safely and effectively with imipenem and colistin
Authors: Mnif Basma , Mahjoubi Faouzia , Frikha Imed , Hammami Adnane 
Published: February 2015

Introduction:
Post‐operative mediastinitis due to multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria has rarely been described and is associated with increased mortality.

Case presentation:
We report a case of mediastinitis caused by a multidrug‐resistant OXA‐48‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate in a patient who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Successful treatment consisted of surgical debridement and prolonged administration of imipenem and colistin.

Conclusion:
This result shows that a combination of imipenem/colistin could be used to treat serious infections with carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae.