bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytokeratin 8 depicts nodal metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Thamilselvan Snega , Pandiar Deepak , Krishnan Reshma P. , Chitra S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nodal involvement in squamous cell carcinoma is an important feature directly associated with the poor prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). There are no clear cut indicators available currently to identify the lymph node metastases and overall prognosis in HNSCC. Thus, the current study was conducted to correlate the immunoexpression of cytokeratins (CK) 8, 10, and 14 with lymph node metastases and tumour differentiation in patients with HNSCC.

Material and Methods:
The study population included 61 retrospective cases of HNSCC with lymph node metastases (n = 31) and without lymph node metastases (n = 30). Expression of CK 8, 10, and 14 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining procedure. Using Pearson’s Chi-square test and Spearman’s correlation coefficient, the correlation of these markers with lymph node metastases and tumour differentiation was statistically analysed.

Results:
The expression of CKs in HNSCC cases was higher than in controls. In nodal metastasis cases, CK 8 expression was noted in >50% of the tumour cells at the invasive tumour front (ITF) (P value 0.008), and in cases without nodal metastasis, <1% or negative expression was noted. CK 10 expression gradually decreased as the tumour grade increased. Association of CK 10 expression and tumour differentiation exhibited statistically significant results (P value 0.03). CK 14 expression was noted in the entire epithelium and at the ITF, strongly in most cases; however, CK 14 did not correlate with the lymph node metastasis and tumour differentiation as well.

Conclusion:
We found a strong correlation of CK 8 expression with nodal metastasis in HNSCC, and it can be utilised as a reliable prognostic indicator.
Animal metaphors in oral pathology-A review
Authors: Maraimalai Nivedhitha , Trimukhe Akshay C. , Chettiankandy Tabita J. , Tiwari Saumya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Oral pathology is a challenging yet intriguing subject. By comparing pathological traits to things we typically encounter, it is possible to reduce the difficulty of memorising these qualities. Hence, the usage of various analogical methods, like the usage of metaphors, conveys likeliness or similarities between two items and can help the students. A lot of pathological features have a resemblance to animals we see on a frequent basis. Students might find comparing, examining and comprehending oral pathology easier when the information is compared with familiar animals. This article is an attempt to compile animal metaphors related to oral pathology.
Unusual presentation of primary central xanthoma of the maxilla associated with impacted canine: An update on immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis
Authors: Shivananda S , Doddawad Vidya G , Vidya C S , Sowmya S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A xanthoma is an extremely rare condition that affects the soft tissues and bones and is characterized by a predominance of lipid-rich foamy histiocytes. The onset of xanthomas is frequently accompanied by primary or secondary hyperlipidemia. Primary bone xanthomas are very uncommon benign bone lesions that are not linked to hyperlipidemia. Histopathologically, they are distinguished by histiocytes, an abundance of foam cells or xanthoma cells that contain lipids, and a paucity of multinucleated giant cells. There have only been four reports of primary maxillary xanthoma in the medical literature. We present a rare primary intrabony xanthoma of the anterior maxilla in a 23-year-old normolipidemic female patient with solitary radiolucency. Using CD68, S-100, and CD1a immunohistochemical staining, it is possible to distinguish between macrophage/non-Langerhans histiocytes and Langerhans histiocytes. Therefore, a diagnosis of a central xanthoma of the jaws must be made.
Nanoparticle-based immunosensors for enhanced DNA analysis in oral cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Gupta Neha , Bhargava Ankur , Saigal Sonal , Mehta Vini 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nanoparticle (NP)-based immunosensors in the field of oral cancer. PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored for NP applications in oral cancer. Data extraction in terms and quality assessment of all the articles were done. Out of 147, 17 articles were included in this review. A majority of the studies showed improved sensitivity and specificity for saliva analysis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on gold NPs, improving early identification. Additionally, novel therapeutic approaches, utilising NP-based immunosensors, demonstrated targeted drug delivery, coupled chemo-photothermal therapy, and gene silencing. Imaging methods have made it possible to distinguish between malignant and healthy states, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering and optical coherence tomography. The reviews’ findings highlight the transformational potential of NP-based immunosensors in addressing the difficulties associated with diagnosing and treating oral cancer. However, for an accurate interpretation and application of NP-based solutions in clinical practise, it is essential to be thoroughly aware of the intricacies involved, and the synthesised data in this review support the continued investigation and improvement of NP-based therapies in the ongoing effort to improve the management of oral cancer.
Risk stratification of submandibular salivary gland involvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma based on histopathological parameters: A 15-year retrospective study
Authors: Srinivasan Samyukta , Balasubramaniam Arthi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents about 90% of all oral malignancies. The study aimed to assess the involvement of the submandibular salivary gland (SMG) in oral SCC (OSCC) patients and the need for SMG excision.

Materials and Methods:
Demographics, clinical information and staging of the 210 patients undergoing surgery for OSCC were obtained from the department records. The histopathological slides were retrospectively reviewed. The nodal status was also verified with the histopathology reports. Frequency distribution, Chi-square association, ordinal logistic regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier analysis were performed.

Results:
SMG was excised in 171 patients. Five patients had SMG involvement. Buccal mucosa (BM) and gingivobuccal sulcus had a greater risk of level IB metastases (P < 0.01). Pattern 3 and pattern 4 of invasion had a higher risk of level IB metastases (P = 0.04). Depth of invasion (DOI) >4 mm was associated with level IB lymph node (LN) involvement (P = 0.0001). DOI >4 mm to 8 mm had 3.7 times the risk and a DOI >8 mm to 12 mm had 5 times the risk of level IB metastases. Pattern of invasion (POI), tumour budding and DOI >4 mm were significant prognosticators for patient survival.

Conclusion:
Histologically, patients may be categorised as ‘high risk’: those with an increased risk of level IB LN involvement and ‘low risk’: those at low risk for level IB involvement with the help of POI, tumour budding and DOI as risk factors. In low-risk patients, SMG may be spared and the level IB LNs are dissected. High-risk patients may be chosen as candidates for SMG transfer or excision based on the extent of LN involvement.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma: A 26 years institutional cross-sectional study
Authors: Ghatage Dipak D , Kendre Ashwini G , Palve Devendra H , Dhobley Akshay , Ghodichor Divya , Lakawath Akhil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context:
The variance in the prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) around the world has been associated with a number of sociocultural traits, significant regional variations in risk factors, variations in data gathering, and the degree of health service development in different populations. Here, we undertake a 26 years institutional review and analysis of OSCC cases.

Aim:
To evaluate and analyse 26 years Institutional Data of OSCC.

Settings and Design:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology’s archives, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, and observational cross-sectional study.

Methods and Material:
This study examines instances of OSCC that were histologically diagnosed between 1997 and 2022. All information pertaining to cases of OSCC was obtained from the departmental archives.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Data tabulated and then subjected to descriptive statistical analysis with the SPSS statistical software.

Results:
The total number of the patients included 1508 (69.6%) males and 660 (30.4%) females, whose age ranged from the second decade to the tenth decade of life with a mean age of 55.5 years with a range of 20–91 years. The incidence was the highest in the fifth and sixth decades (n = 603, 27.8% and n = 572, 26.4%), respectively. The left buccal mucosa recorded the maximum number of cases (left buccal mucosa 559, 25.8%). There were 1405 (64.8%) cases of well-differentiated SCC, 301 (13.9%) cases of moderately differentiated SCC, and 51 (2.4%) cases of poorly differentiated SCC.

Conclusions:
The overall incidence and prevalence of OSCC can be estimated using baseline epidemiological data from our institution.
Narrative review on artificially intelligent olfaction in halitosis
Authors: Mathur Ankita , Mehta Vini , Obulareddy Vishnu T. , Kumar Praveen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Halitosis, commonly known as oral malodor, is a multifactorial health concern that significantly impacts the psychological and social well-being of individuals. It is the third most frequent reason for individuals to seek dental treatment, after dental caries and periodontal diseases. For an in-depth exploration of the topic of halitosis, an extensive literature review was conducted. The review focused on articles published in peer-reviewed journals and only those written in the English language were considered. The search for relevant literature began by employing subject headings such as ‘halitosis, oral malodor, volatile sulfur compounds, artificial intelligence, and olfaction’ in databases such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and EMBASE. Additionally, a thorough hand search of references was conducted to ensure the comprehensiveness of the review. After amalgamating the search outcomes, a comprehensive analysis revealed the existence of precisely 134 full-text articles that bore relevance to the study. Abstracts and editorial letters were excluded from this study, and almost 50% of the full-text articles were deemed immaterial to dental practice. Out of the remaining articles, precisely 54 full-text articles were employed in this review. As primary healthcare providers, dentists are responsible for diagnosing and treating oral issues that may contribute to the development of halitosis. To effectively manage this condition, dentists must educate their patients about the underlying causes of halitosis, as well as proper oral hygiene practices such as tongue cleaning, flossing, and selecting appropriate mouthwash and toothpaste. This narrative review summarises all possible AI olfaction in halitosis.
Gender determination using mandibular intercanine distance and mesiodistal width of right mandibular molar
Authors: Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath , Srivatchava S , Yuvaraj Ashna , Pandiar Deepak 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Forensic odontology plays an important role in mass disasters, house fires, criminal deaths, identification of missing persons, and child abuse cases. Teeth are the most stable part of the human body and are resistant to thermal, mechanical, and chemical insults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mandibular intercanine distance and mesiodistal width of mandibular first molar in gender determination.

Materials and Methods:
The study comprised 100 participants (50 males and 50 females) in the age group of 18–23 years. The mandibular impressions were made, and casts were prepared using dental stone. The intercanine distance and mesiodistal width of the right mandibular first molar were measured using digital vernier callipers. The data obtained was statistically analysed using SPSS software version 23.

Results:
The mean mandibular intercanine distance was found to be 27.2 ± 2.3 in males and 25.94 ± 1.76 in females (P = 0.03). There was no statistical difference in the mesiodistal width of the mandibular molar between males and females (P = 0.166). However, the mean mesiodistal width of males was higher when compared to females.

Conclusion:
Males have a greater intercanine width and mesiodistal dimension when compared to females. This result will be helpful in forensic medicine, anthropology, orthodontic treatments, and clinical dentistry.
Salivary duct carcinoma in the submandibular gland: A rare case report with differential diagnosis
Authors: Muthu Geerthanaa , Thankappan Prasanth , Angelin D , Franklin R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignant salivary gland neoplasm, accounting for only 0.2% of salivary gland tumours. It predominantly affects the parotid gland and represents a significant concern with limited prevalence (1–1.2 individuals per million). We present a case of a 65-year-old female patient with a clinical history of swelling and pain in the right lower jaw region for six months. Diagnostic investigations revealed a well-defined submandibular gland lesion. Subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical findings confirmed the lesion to be SDC. This case report emphasises the challenges in diagnosing this aggressive malignancy, which stems from its rarity and resemblance to other neoplasms. It is worth noting that the involvement of the submandibular gland is observed in a mere 12% of SDC cases, while females account for only 25% of the reported instances.
Vestibular Schwannoma in a paediatric case—A rare entity
Authors: Augustine Jeyaseelan , Urs Aadithya B. , Singh Kuldeep , Gupta Sunita 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Neurilemmoma, also known as Schwannoma, is a benign, slow-growing, encapsulated neoplasm that arises from Schwann cells of the peripheral nerve sheath. Although it is extremely rare, it affects the head and neck region in roughly 25–45% of all cases. Intraorally, the tongue is the most common site and is rarely involves vestibular mucosa. Here, we report a rare case of Schwannoma of vestibular mucosa in a 13-year-old girl and contribute a review to the current literature. Clinically, based on age, site, and appearance, a diagnosis of a benign tumour such as lipoma, fibroma, neurofibroma, and benign lesions of salivary glands was made. An excisional biopsy showed solely Antoni type A tissue with central acellular eosinophilic Verocay bodies surrounded by spindle-shaped neurilemma cells arranged compactly with wavy, twisted nuclei arranged in a palisaded manner. The patient was recurrence-free after 6 months. Hence, this case is of interest due to its rarity in terms of age, site, and histopathology (Antoni type A neurilemmoma) for a presumed initial diagnosis. Here, we also hypothesize regarding the type of growth pattern in the earlier diagnosed cases.
Squamous odontogenic tumour-like proliferation in a maxillary dentigerous cyst – An unusual finding
Authors: Sanjeeta Ngairangbam , Mall Brajbushan , Banerjee Sumita , Reddy Praveen B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Squamous odontogenic tumour-like proliferations (SOTLPs) in the wall of odontogenic cysts are rare occurrences. Due to the histopathological similarity of these proliferations to neoplasms, such as squamous odontogenic tumour, intraosseous well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, and acanthomatous ameloblastoma, their correct elucidation is of paramount importance to avoid unnecessary and unwanted treatment. SOTLPs are uncommon in dentigerous cysts and rare in those that occur in the maxilla particularly the anterior region. This paper presents a case of maxillary dentigerous cyst involving 33 and a mesiodens in a 32 year old male which on histopathological examination showed SOTLPs in a dentigerous cyst.
Evaluation of antioxidant activity in saliva among young adults having diverging food habits and its relation to oral health: A pilot study
Authors: Manjunathan Kangan , Menon Mrinalini , Bavle Radhika Manoj , Makarla Soumya , Venugopal Reshma , Santo Ann Jisa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Saliva enables the maintenance of oral and systemic health. Evaluation of saliva is very valuable for multiple parameters to be evaluated as they are easy to collect, allow easy and safe sample collection, are non-traumatic, can be repeated with ease, and are non-invasive in nature. Salivary enzyme systems have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and similar functions which aid in the maintenance of homeostasis in the oral cavity. Antioxidants scavenge free radicals from cells and prevent or reduce the damage caused by oxidation.

Materials and Methods:
In the present study, the pH and antioxidant capacity of the saliva were evaluated. Subjects were categorized as GROUP A: Vegetarians: Diets were entirely devoid of eggs or meat of any type (for more than 20 years). GROUP B: Non-vegetarians: Diets included both red and white meat, consumed either daily or frequently. GROUP C: Eggetarians: Otherwise vegetarian diets which includes eggs, consumed frequently. Ten samples of each group were collected. The pH profile and antioxidant activity of the samples were analysed. Each of the individuals was subjected to oral examination for grading of the status of oral hygiene, caries teeth, missing and extracted teeth, and the health of gingiva. For the same Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHIS), Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) and Gingival Status indices were used and the observations were noted.

Observations and Results:
The average salivary pH for the vegetarians was 7 ± 0.5, that for eggetarians was 7.1 ± 0.5, and in the non-vegetarian group, the average pH was equal to 7.3 ± 0.5. Using the DPPH method, the percentage antioxidant activity of saliva in vegetarians was 20.9 ± 2.1%, while those of eggetarians and non-vegetarians were equal to 5 ± 0.6% and 11.4 ± 2%, respectively. Each individual was subjected to oral examination for grading of the status of oral hygiene (OHIS); decayed, missing, extracted teeth, filled teeth index (DMFT); and the health of gingiva (gingival status index). Overall, eggetarians had a high OHIS index (mean 1.08). The DMFT index was high in non-vegetarians with values ranging from 1 to 8. Statistical analysis using the T-test revealed that the antioxidant potential of the vegetarian group was significantly higher than those of the eggetarian and non-vegetarian dietary groups (P < 0.001). However, the eggetarian and non-vegetarian dietary groups did not significantly differ from each other with respect to this parameter.

Conclusion:
The antioxidant capacity is markedly high in vegetarians, 20.9+/- 2.1%, as compared to non-vegetarians, 11.4+/- 2.1%, and was the lowest in eggetarians, 5+/- 0.6%.
C2 Nerve Sheath Tumors: An Analysis of Radiological – Intraoperative Concordance for Intradural Extension and Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Guramritpal , Kumar Ashutosh , Verma Pawan Kumar , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Mehrotra Anant , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Nerve sheath tumors (NSTs) of C2 nerve-root are clinically and radiologically distinct from NSTs of rest of the spine. On imaging, they appear to have a major intradural component in addition to the large extradural part. Thus, they may require durotomy with its possible added complications.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the radiological – intra-operative discordance for intradural component and need for tailored durotomy for complete resection of C2 NSTs.

Material and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 14 consecutively operated patients of C2 NSTs over the past 10 years (2013-2023). Dura was opened in patients where there was a radiological or intra-operative suspicion of intradural extension.

Results:
Mean(±SD) age at presentation was 37.5(±13) years, with no gender predominance (Male:Female-1.3:1). Dura was opened in 7(50%) patients. On preoperative radiological study, all the patients had a dominant extradural tumor, while 7(50%) patients appeared to have an intradural tumor extension also. Intra-operatively, 5(35.7%) of these 7 patients had only extradural component, while 2(14.3%) patients had an intradural extension. 7(50%) patients had extradural tumor radiologically, while only one patient was found to have a small intradural extension intraoperatively. Thus, only 21.4% of the patients (n=3) were found to have an intradural extension as against 50%(n=7) predicted on imaging. Post-operatively there was clinical improvement in all 14 patients (100%).

Conclusions:
Due to radiological and intra-operative discordance in intradural tumor extension, decision for midline durotomy should be taken following excision of extradural component. Thus, limiting the number of unnecessary midline-durotomies.
Action of the automorphism group on the Jacobian of Klein's quartic curve II: Invariant theta functions
Authors: Markushevich Dimitri , Moreau Anne 
Published: July 2024

Bernstein-Schwarzman conjectured that the quotient of a complex affine space by an irreducible complex crystallographic group generated by reflections is a weighted projective space. The conjecture was proved by Schwarzman and Tokunaga-Yoshida in dimension 2 for almost all such groups, and for all crystallographic reflection groups of Coxeter type by Looijenga, Bernstein-Schwarzman and Kac-Peterson in any dimension. We prove that the conjecture is true for the crystallographic reflection group in dimension 3 for which the associated collineation group is Klein's simple group of order 168. In this case the quotient is the 3-dimensional weighted projective space with weights 1, 2, 4, 7. The main ingredient in the proof is the computation of the algebra of invariant theta functions. Unlike the Coxeter case, the invariant algebra is not free polynomial, and this was the major stumbling block.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure. Final version typeset in the EPIGA style
BO‘LAJAK PSIXOLOGLARNING O‘QUV FAOLIYATIDA KOMMUNIKATIV KOMPETENTSIYASINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Authors: Axmedov Akmal , Sherqo‘ziyeva Zarnigor 
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqola bo‘lajak psixologlarni o‘quv jarayonida kommunikativ kompetentligini rivojlanishining nazariy metodologik asoslari va masalalariga bag’ishlangan. So‘nggi yillarda mamlakatda psixologiya sohasida pedagog kadrlarni tayyorlash hamda amaliyotchi psixologlar faoliyatini qo‘llab-quvvatlashga oid bir qator ishlar amalga oshirilmoqda.Ushbu maqolada ham bo‘lajak psixologlarni asosiy kasbiy rivojlanishining asosi bo‘lgan kommunikativ kompetensiyasini rivojlantrish masalalari berilgan.
Analisis Biaya Diferensial dalam Membuat Keputusan Menerima atau Menolak Pesanan Khusus pada CV. Ali Sukses 99
Authors: Monoarfa Valentina , Setiyawati Febri , Pembengo Hendriyanto 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the application of differential cost analysis in making decisions to accept or reject special orders at CV. Ali Sukses 99. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through interviews and direct observation. The research results show that cost factors that must be considered, such as raw material costs, labor and factory overhead, are very influential in decision making. Through a special order case study in April 2024, it was found that the revenue generated exceeded variable costs, resulting in significant contribution profits. This shows the importance of differential cost analysis in making profitable decisions for the company. The decision to accept custom orders proves that this strategy can increase a company's profitability.