bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges of SMEs innovation and entrepreneurial financing
Authors: Wonglimpiyarat Jarunee 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Today, the financing mechanisms to support small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) development have been a subject of great interest and a challenge to policy makers as SMEs are regarded as an important sector contributing to economic growth and stability. This paper is concerned with the bank financing policies to support SME development in China. The purpose of this paper is to examine the governmental financing policies and the innovation financing system of China. The discussions are focused on the bank financing policies to support SME development in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study is a qualitative research with the use of case study methodology (Eisenhardt, 1989; Yin, 2003). The research is focused on the policy perspectives of bank financing to support SME development in the case of China, the world’s fastest-growing economy. To explore the role of financial institutions and banks in SME financing in China, the research also derives evidence from a collection of documentary investigation. The research fieldwork and interviews were undertaken in Beijing and Shanghai, major financial centers in China, with the use of semi-structured questionnaire. The analyses are undertaken to answer the key questions of: What are the Chinese government’s strategies to support the development of SMEs? To what extent the government policies in bank financing can support SMEs and promote the development of an innovative economy?

Findings
– The empirical study has shown that despite the introduction of the 12th Five-Year National Economic and Social Development Plan to support SMEs development, China still needs to improve regulatory policies in support of innovative businesses which would help its transition to an innovation-driven economy. The study provides lessons and policy guidelines to improve the competitiveness of SMEs in China. The insights from this study can also be applied to other developing and emerging economies attempting to understand the role of financing mechanisms in building an innovative economy.

Originality/value
– The study has addressed the policy challenges to support SME development in China, a major Asian emerging country and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world (with averaged growth rate of 10 percent per annum). The empirical study of policy challenges was undertaken in Beijing and Shanghai, major financial centers in China. The study offers insights which can be applied to other developing and emerging economies attempting to understand the role of SME financing policies and mechanisms in building an innovative economy.
The electrical conductivity of Posidonia black shales — from magnetotelluric exploration to rock samples
Authors: Adão Filipe , Ritter Oliver , Spangenberg Erik 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTWe carried out a magnetotelluric field campaign in the South–East Lower Saxony Basin, Germany, with the main goal of testing this method for imaging regional Posidonia black shale sediments. Two‐dimensional inversion results of the magnetotelluric data show a series of conductive structures correlating with brine‐saturated sediments but also with deeper, anthracitic Westphalian/Namurian coals. None of these structures can be directly related with the Posidonia black shale, which appears to be generally resistive and therefore difficult to resolve with the magnetotelluric method. This assumption is supported by measurements of electrical resistivity on a set of Posidonia shale samples from the Hils syncline in the Lower Saxony basin. These rock samples were collected in shallow boreholes and show immature (0.53% Ro), oil (0.88% Ro), and gas (1.45% Ro) window thermal maturities. None of the black shale samples showed low electrical resistivity, particularly those with oil window maturity show resistivity exceeding 104 Ωm. Moreover, we could not observe a direct correlation between maturity and electrical resistivity; the Harderode samples showed the highest resistivity, whereas the Haddessen samples showed the lowest. A similar trend has been seen for coals in different states of thermal maturation. Saturation of the samples with distilled and saline water solutions led to decreasing electrical resistivity. Moreover, a positive correlation of electrical resistivity with porosity is observed for the Wickensen and Harderode samples, which suggests that the electrical resistivity of the Posidonia black shale is mainly controlled by porosity.
Low‐dose adjunctive cilostazol in patients with complex lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zheng Xin‐Tian , Chen Kang‐Yin , Liu Tong , Xu Ling‐Xia , Che Jing‐Jin , Rha Seung‐Woon , Li Guang‐Ping 
Published: September 2015

SummaryPatients with complex coronary lesions undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have more major adverse cardiac events (MACE) than do those with simpler cases. Therefore, intensive antiplatelet therapy might be needed in these patients. A total of 127 patients with complex lesions undergoing PCI in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from October 2012 to April 2014 were randomized to receive either dual (aspirin plus clopidogrel, DAPT, n = 66), or triple antiplatelet therapy (aspirin plus clopidogrel plus cilostazol; TAPT, n = 61). Patients in the TAPT group received low‐dose cilostazol (100 mg loading, followed with 50 mg twice per day) for 3–6 months. The primary endpoint was composite MACE. The complex coronary target lesions were defined as at least one of the following: left main disease; severe 3‐vessel disease; chronic total occlusion lesions; true bifurcation lesion; ostial lesions; severe calcified lesions; and highly thrombotic lesions. The two groups had similar baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics. One‐year clinical outcomes showed that the TAPT group had significantly lower incidences of myocardial infarction (1.6% vs 13.6%, P = 0.018) and MACE (1.6% vs 16.7%, P = 0.004) than DAPT group. The DAPT group had two cases of stent thrombosis, while the TAPT group did not. Furthermore, adjunctive low‐dose cilostazol didn't significantly increase the incidence of bleeding events (26.2% vs 19.7%, P = 0.381) regardless of major (4.9% vs 4.5%, P = 0.921) or minor (21.3% vs 15.2%, P = 0.368) bleeding events. In conclusion, low‐dose adjunctive cilostazol seems superior to dual antiplatelet therapy in reducing recurrent ischemic events in patients with complex coronary lesions and the two test groups have a similar incidence of bleeding events.
Identifying Nursing Interventions in a Cancer Screening Program Using Nursing Interventions Classification Taxonomy
Authors: Benito Llucia , Lluch María Teresa , Falcó Anna Marta , García Montse , Puig Montse 
Published: September 2015

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate which Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) labels correspond to specific nursing interventions provided during cancer screening to establish a nursing documentation system.MethodThis descriptive study was conducted to identify and classify the interventions that cancer screening nurses perform based on an initial list.FindingsThe initial list was grouped into 15 interventions that corresponded to four domains and eight classes.ConclusionThe study found expert consensus regarding the duties of cancer screening nurses and identified 15 interventions that should be implemented in clinical practice for cancer screening care, according to the NIC taxonomy.ImplicationsThis study is the first step in developing indicators to assess nursing performance in cancer screening, and it helps to establish the core competency requirements for cancer screening nurses.
Beating the blaze: Fire survival in the fan aloe (Kumara plicatilis), a succulent monocotyledonous tree endemic to the Cape fynbos, South Africa
Authors: Cousins Stephen R. , Witkowski Ed T. F. , Pfab Michèle F. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFire is central to the ecology of Mediterranean‐type climate ecosystems, but little is known about the fire ecology of succulent plants therein. This study investigated the fire ecology of an arborescent succulent monocot, Kumara plicatilis (L.) G. D. Rowley (Asphodelaceae), a Cape fynbos endemic. Habitat suitability was assessed to determine whether the species tolerates or ‘avoids’ fire, and fire survival traits (bark thickness and tissue water content) were measured. The population size structure and density of three K. plicatilis populations were assessed after natural fires, and resprouting potential was investigated. Kumara plicatilis adopts a dual fire survival strategy, occupying rocky sites to ‘avoid’ fire and possessing morphological features that afford fire tolerance, e.g. well‐protected apical meristems and thick corky bark. Bark thickness of burned individuals in situ was similar to unburned plants, suggesting that K. plicatilis bark provides effective insulation against fire. Mortality rates were 64%, 40% and 11%, and decreased as rock cover at the population level increased. All three populations showed reduced plant density post‐fire, with greater density reductions associated with lower rock cover. Small plants appear most vulnerable to fire damage due to lower absolute bark thickness and plant heights within the flame zone. Kumara plicatilis is an apical sprouter, recovering after fire or mechanical stem damage by onward growth from surviving stem apices, rather than resprouting. Post‐fire population recovery therefore likely depends on inter‐fire recruitment.
Translating niche features: Modelling differential exposure of Argentine reptiles to global climate change
Authors: Nori Javier , Moreno Azócar Débora L. , Cruz Felix B. , Bonino Marcelo F. , Leynaud Gerardo C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGlobal climate change affects the distributions of ectotherms and may be the cause of several conservation problems, such as great displacement of climatic suitable spaces for species and, consequently, important reductions of the extent of liveable places, threatening the existence of many of them. Species exposure (and hence vulnerability) to global climate change is linked to features of their climatic niches (such as the relative position of the inhabited localities of each species in the climatic space), and therefore to characteristics of their geographic ranges (such as the extent of the distributions or altitudinal range inhabited by the species). In order to analyze the pattern of response of Argentine reptiles to global climate change, we ran phylogenetic generalized least squares models using species exposure to global climate change as a response variable, and (i) niche properties (breadth and position of the species in the climate space) and (ii) general features of the distribution of species (maximum latitude, altitudinal range, maximum elevation, distributional range and proximity to the most important dispersal barrier) as predictors. Our results suggest that the best way to explain climate change exposure is by combining breadth and position of climatic niche of the species or combining geographic features that are indicators of both niche characteristics. Our best model shows that in our study area, species with the narrowest distributional ranges that also inhabit the highest elevations are the most exposed to the effects of global climate change. In this sense, reptile species from Yungas, Puna and Andes ecoregions could be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change. We believe that these types of models may represent an interesting tool for determining species and places particularly threatened by the effects of global climate change, which should be strongly considered in conservation planning.
Silent Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Pacemaker Users: A Randomized Trial Using Home Monitoring
Authors: Lima CEB , Martinelli M , Peixoto GL , Siqueira SF , Wajngarten Maurício , Silva Rodrigo Tavares , Costa Roberto , Filho Roberto , Ramires José Antônio Franchini 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundPacemaker with remote monitoring (PRM) may be useful for silent atrial fibrillation (AF) detection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of silent AF, the role of PRM, and to determine predictors of silent AF occurrence.MethodsThree hundred elderly patients with permanent pacemaker (PPM) were randomly assigned to the remote group (RG) or control group (CG). All patients received PPM with remote monitoring capabilities. Primary end point was AF occurrence rate and the secondary end points were time to AF detection and number of days with AF.ResultsDuring the average follow‐up of 15.7±7.7 months, AF episodes were detected in 21.6% (RG = 24% vs CG = 19.3%, P = 0.36]. There was no difference in the time to detect the first AF episode. However, the median time to detect AF recurrence in the RG was lower than that in the CG (54 days vs 100 days, P = 0.004). The average number of days with AF was 16.0 and 51.2 in the RG and CG, respectively (P = 0.028). Predictors of silent AF were left atrial diameter (odds ratio [OR] 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.3; P < 0.001) and diastolic dysfunction (OR 4.8; 95% CI = 1.6–14.0; P = 0.005).ConclusionsThe incidence of silent AF is high in elderly patients with pacemaker; left atrial diameter and diastolic dysfunction were predictors of its occurrence. AF monitoring by means of pacemaker is a valuable tool for silent AF detection and continuous remote monitoring allows early AF recurrence detection and reduces the number of days with AF.
Structural study of the ovary, oogenesis and brooding in Tonicia lebruni (Polyplacophora Chitonidae) from Patagonia
Authors: Ituarte Cristián , Arellano Flavia Elisa 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTonicia lebruni, a common, lower intertidal and subtidal chiton inhabiting Patagonian rocky shores, is a gonochoristic iteroparous species producing large eggs (≈ 400 μm in diameter), which are fertilized and brooded within the pallial groves until released as juveniles. A free larval stage is absent, despite this, T. lebruni is widely distributed along the south‐western Atlantic. At Puerto Deseado, T. lebruni has a marked seasonality in the reproductive cycle, reproducing only once a year. The reproductive period is quite short and defined in time: spawning and brooding take place during the late austral winter and beginning of spring. Recovery of the female gonad starts very soon after spawning. Oogenesis takes about 10–11 months for completion. Brood size is correlated with length of maternal individual. The number of embryos per brood varied between 785 and 5945. Extensive resorption of abortive eggs is viewed as related to limitation of space available for brooding. The egg hull is formed by a large number of minute pentagonal or hexagonal plates each one bearing a short spine bent onto the egg surface. The morphology and the surface of the hull could contribute to the cohesiveness of the brooded egg mass within the pallial grooves.
Vemurafenib-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: possible cross-reactivity with other sulfonamide compounds
Authors: Bellón T. , Lerma V. , González-Valle O. , González Herrada C. , de Abajo F.J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryVemurafenib is a newly licensed target-directed medication. It has been proven to improve the survival of patients with metastatic melanoma and the BRAFV600E mutation; however, adverse cutaneous reactions are frequent. Few cases of life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) induced by vemurafenib have been reported. Dabrafenib, another selective BRAF inhibitor, has been licensed recently as an alternative drug with the same indications. From a molecular point of view, both vemurafenib and dabrafenib contain a sulfonamide group; cross-reactivity to sulfonamide compounds has been reported in allergic patients. We report on a patient with vemurafenib-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). In vitro analysis of lymphocyte reactivity to vemurafenib showed positive results, confirming drug causality. In addition, lymphocytes from the patient reacted to dabrafenib and to the antibiotic sulfonamide drug sulfamethoxazole. Moreover, lymphocytes from two patients with cutaneous adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole also reacted to vemurafenib and dabrafenib in vitro. These data strongly suggest that there might be clinical cross-reactivity between BRAF inhibitors and sulfonamides in some patients. Thus, precautions should be taken to avoid sulfonamide drugs as much as possible in patients showing serious hypersensitivity reactions to vemurafenib and vice versa.
Solving misfits in ERP implementations by SMEs
Authors: van Beijsterveld Joost A. A. , van Groenendaal Willem J. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe gap between the organizational needs and the extent to which an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ enterprise resource planning (ERP) system can meet these is called a misfit. A framework is developed to distinguish actual from perceived misfits. This is used to analyse the ERP implementation at four small‐sized and medium‐sized enterprises. The results show that they prefer to adjust the ERP system to their business processes when needed but often unnecessarily change the system to solve perceived misfits. The framework is a first step to prevent this unnecessary work in the future.
Core–Shell Lead–Free Piezoelectric Ceramics: Current Status and Advanced Characterization of the Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–SrTiO3 System
Authors: Acosta Matias , Schmitt Ljubomira A. , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Scherrer Michael C. , Brilz Michael , Webber Kyle G. , Deluca Marco , Kleebe Hans‐Joachim , Rödel Jürgen , Donner Wolfgang 
Published: September 2015

The design of core–shell materials affords additional degrees of freedom to tailor functional properties as compared to solid solution counterparts. Although to date most of the work in core–shell materials has focused on dielectrics, piezoelectric core–shell ceramics may gain similar interest. Generalities of core–shell functional ceramics features are addressed in this work. A model system, Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–SrTiO3, is introduced to discuss structure–property relationships. We demonstrate that this system features a core–shell microstructure for the composition corresponding to 25 at.% Sr. The material is studied by means of macroscopic functional properties and in situ structural characterization techniques at different length scales, such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The evolution of the core–shell with field and temperature determines its functional properties. The high strain of the system, ~0.3% at 4 kV/mm, is due to an electric‐field‐induced phase transition of the core and shell. Upon field removal the core remains in a poled state, whereas the shell is characterized by a reversible transformation. The reversibility of the phase transition of shells and associated switching are key features in the observed giant strain. Dielectric anomalies are found to be related to changes in oxygen octahedral tilting angles within the core and shell.
Effects of Ziziphora clinopodioides Essential Oil and Nisin, Both Separately and in Combination, to Extend Shelf Life and Control Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Beef Patty during Refrigerated Storage
Authors: Shahbazi Yasser , Shavisi Nassim , Mohebi Ehsan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides (0.1 and 0.2%) and nisin (250 and 500 IU/g), both separately and in combination, on mesophilic, psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms and also on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in raw beef patty during storage at refrigerated temperature for 9 days were evaluated. Carvacrol (64.22%), followed by thymol (19.22%), p‐cymene (4.86%) and γ‐terpinene (4.63%) were the most abundant components of the essential oil. Both the essential oil and nisin significantly (P < 0.05) affected the growth of psychrotrophic, Enterobacteriaceae and mesophilic bacteria and also S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. Among the experimental groups, samples treated with 0.2% essential oil + 500 IU/g nisin showed the significant most rapid decrease (P < 0.05) in the number of tested microorganisms. Our findings indicate that the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides and nisin has a potential to be applied as an antimicrobial and preservative agent in food products, especially in beef patty.Practical ApplicationsThe genus Ziziphora is widely used as appetitive, carminative, antiseptic, wound‐healing material, sedative, stomach tonic, expectorant and antiseptic in different parts of Iran. In addition, the air‐dried aerial parts of the plant were used in culinary as spice in different foods such as meat and cheese to enhance of their flavor and aroma. In the present study, the essential oil and nisin, both separately and in combination, were very effective in inhibiting Enterobacteriaceae, mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms and also Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. This essential oil and nisin could be natural antimicrobial alternatives to the synthetic chemical preservatives.
Behavior of Yersinia enterocolitica in UF White Cheese: Impact of Different Storage Temperatures on Various Strains
Authors: AbdollahI Elham , Hanifian Shahram 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of different temperatures on survival of various strains of Yersinia enterocolitica during the storage of ultra‐filtered (UF) white cheese. UF pasteurized cow milk was inoculated with 3 log colony‐forming unit per gram of two standard strains (DSM 11502 and DSM 9499) and one native strain of Y. enterocolitica. Cheese samples were prepared according to the regular procedure and stored at 14, 8 and 25C. The variation of Y. enterocolitica populations was tracked throughout the 60 days of storage, and the enumerated colonies were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. According to the results, the number of Y. enterocolitica increased significantly (P < 0.01) after incubation time; however, it was diminished during storage period. Data also suggested that survival of Y. enterocolitica is temperature dependent. Moreover, the native strain of Y. enterocolitica survived longer than standard strains.Practical ApplicationsRapid increasing of Y. enterocolitica during ultra‐filtered (UF) white cheese preparation revealed the necessity for retaining hygienic conditions to avoid cross‐contamination. In addition, the detrimental condition provided by the activity of starter bacteria, acidic pH, salt and storage time was not sufficient as Y. enterocolitica survived the 2‐month storage period of UF white cheese. Results showed that behavior of native strains could be significantly different from the laboratory‐adopted strains. Therefore, in food model studies it is recommended that the survival of native microbial strains be assessed along with the standard ones.