bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFTR-regulated MAPK/NF-κB signaling in pulmonary inflammation in thermal inhalation injury
Authors: Dong Zhi Wei , Chen Jing , Ruan Ye Chun , Zhou Tao , Chen Yu , Chen YaJie , Tsang Lai Ling , Chan Hsiao Chang , Peng Yi Zhi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe mechanism underlying pulmonary inflammation in thermal inhalation injury remains elusive. Cystic fibrosis, also hallmarked with pulmonary inflammation, is caused by mutations in CFTR, the expression of which is temperature-sensitive. We investigated whether CFTR is involved in heat-induced pulmonary inflammation. We applied heat-treatment in 16HBE14o- cells with CFTR knockdown or overexpression and heat-inhalation in rats in vivo. Heat-treatment caused significant reduction in CFTR and, reciprocally, increase in COX-2 at early stages both in vitro and in vivo. Activation of ERK/JNK, NF-κB and COX-2/PGE2 were detected in heat-treated cells, which were mimicked by knockdown and reversed by overexpression of CFTR or VX-809, a reported CFTR mutation corrector. JNK/ERK inhibition reversed heat-/CFTR-knockdown-induced NF-κB activation, whereas NF-κB inhibitor showed no effect on JNK/ERK. IL-8 was augmented by heat-treatment or CFTR-knockdown, which was abolished by inhibition of NF-κB, JNK/ERK or COX-2. Moreover, in vitro or in vivo treatment with curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, significantly enhanced CFTR expression and reversed the heat-induced increases in COX-2/PGE2/IL-8, neutrophil infiltration and tissue damage in the airway. These results have revealed a CFTR-regulated MAPK/NF-κB pathway leading to COX-2/PGE2/IL-8 activation in thermal inhalation injury and demonstrated therapeutic potential of curcumin for alleviating heat-induced pulmonary inflammation.
A New Strategy of Lithography Based on Phase Separation of Polymer Blends
Authors: Guo Xu , Liu Long , Zhuang Zhe , Chen Xin , Ni Mengyang , Li Yang , Cui Yushuang , Zhan Peng , Yuan Changsheng , Ge Haixiong , Wang Zhenlin , Chen Yanfeng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHerein, we propose a new strategy of maskless lithographic approach to fabricate micro/nano-porous structures by phase separation of polystyrene (PS)/Polyethylene glycol (PEG) immiscible polymer blend. Its simple process only involves a spin coating of polymer blend followed by a development with deionized water rinse to remove PEG moiety, which provides an extremely facile, low-cost, easily accessible nanofabrication method to obtain the porous structures with wafer-scale. By controlling the weight ratio of PS/PEG polymer blend, its concentration and the spin-coating speed, the structural parameters of the porous nanostructure could be effectively tuned. These micro/nano porous structures could be converted into versatile functional nanostructures in combination with follow-up conventional chemical and physical nanofabrication techniques. As demonstrations of perceived potential applications using our developed phase separation lithography, we fabricate wafer-scale pure dielectric (silicon)-based two-dimensional nanostructures with high broadband absorption on silicon wafers due to their great light trapping ability, which could be expected for promising applications in the fields of photovoltaic devices and thermal emitters with very good performances and Ag nanodot arrays which possess a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor up to 1.64 × 108 with high uniformity across over an entire wafer.
Light-intensity grazing improves alpine meadow productivity and adaption to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zhang Yangjian , Xu Mingjie , Zhu Juntao , Wimberly Michael C. , Yu Guirui , Niu Shuli , Xi Yi , Zhang Xianzhou , Wang Jingsheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo explore grazing effects on carbon fluxes in alpine meadow ecosystems, we used a paired eddy-covariance (EC) system to measure carbon fluxes in adjacent fenced (FM) and grazed (GM) meadows on the Tibetan plateau. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) were greater at GM than FM for the first two years of fencing. In the third year, the productivity at FM increased to a level similar to the GM site. The higher productivity at GM was mainly caused by its higher photosynthetic capacity. Grazing exclusion did not increase carbon sequestration capacity for this alpine grassland system. The higher optimal photosynthetic temperature and the weakened ecosystem response to climatic factors at GM may help to facilitate the adaption of alpine meadow ecosystems to changing climate.
Adrenergic DNA damage of embryonic pluripotent cells via β2 receptor signalling
Authors: Sun Fan , Ding Xu-Ping , An Shi-Min , Tang Ya-Bin , Yang Xin-Jie , Teng Lin , Zhang Chun , Shen Ying , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Zhu Liang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEmbryonic pluripotent cells are sensitive to genotoxicity though they need more stringent genome integrity to avoid compromising multiple cell lineages and subsequent generations. However it remains unknown whether the cells are susceptible to adrenergic stress which can induce somatic cell genome lesion. We have revealed that adrenergic stress mediators cause DNA damage of the cells through the β2 adrenergic receptor/adenylate cyclase/cAMP/PKA signalling pathway involving an induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The adrenergic stress agonists adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline caused DNA damage and apoptosis of embryonic stem (ES) cells and embryonal carcinoma stem cells. The effects were mimicked by β2 receptor-coupled signalling molecules and abrogated by selective blockade of β2 receptors and inhibition of the receptor signalling pathway. RNA interference targeting β2 receptors of ES cells conferred the cells the ability to resist the DNA damage and apoptosis. In addition, adrenergic stimulation caused a consistent accumulation of ROS in the cells and the effect was abrogated by β2 receptor blockade; quenching of ROS reversed the induced DNA damage. This finding will improve the understanding of the stem cell regulatory physiology/pathophysiology in an adrenergic receptor subtype signalling mechanism.
Perfect spin filtering effect and negative differential behavior in phosphorus-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Zou Fei , Zhu Lin , Yao Kailun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractOn the basis of the density functional theory combined with the Keldysh nonequilibrium Green’s function method, we investigate the spin-dependent transport properties of single-edge phosphorus-doped ZGNR systems with different widths. The results show a perfect spin filtering effect reaching 100% at a wide bias range in both parallel (P) and antiparallel (AP) spin configurations for all systems, especially for 6-ZGNR-P system. Instructively, for the AP spin configuration, the spin down current of the 4-ZGNR-P system exhibits a negative differential effect. By analyzing the transmission spectrum and the spin-resolved band structures of the electrodes, we elucidate the mechanism for these peculiar properties. Our findings provide a new way to produce multifunctional spintronic devices based on phosphorus-doped zigzag graphene nanoribbons.
Deletion of Cyclophilin D Impairs β-Oxidation and Promotes Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Tavecchio Michele , Lisanti Sofia , Bennett Michael J. , Languino Lucia R. , Altieri Dario C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix protein implicated in cell death, but a potential role in bioenergetics is not understood. Here, we show that loss or depletion of CypD in cell lines and mice induces defects in mitochondrial bioenergetics due to impaired fatty acid β-oxidation. In turn, CypD loss triggers a global compensatory shift towards glycolysis, with transcriptional upregulation of effectors of glucose metabolism, increased glucose consumption and higher ATP production. In vivo, the glycolytic shift secondary to CypD deletion is associated with expansion of insulin-producing β-cells, mild hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance and resistance to high fat diet-induced liver damage and weight gain. Therefore, CypD is a novel regulator of mitochondrial bioenergetics and unexpectedly controls glucose homeostasis, in vivo.
Optical Surface Transformation: Changing the optical surface by homogeneous optic-null medium at will
Authors: Sun Fei , He Sailing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA new theory on designing electromagnetic/optical devices is proposed, namely, an optical surface transformation (OST). One arbitrary surface can establish the corresponding relationship with another surface entirely optically with an optic-null medium (ONM), (i.e. the electromagnetic wave propagates from one surface to its equivalent surface without any phase delay). Many novel optical devices can be designed by an OST with the help of an ONM. Compared with traditional devices designed by Transformation Optics, our optical surface-reshaping devices have two main advantages. Firstly, the design process is very simple (i.e. we do not need to consider any mathematics on how to make a coordinate transformation and what we need to do is simply to design the shapes of the input and the output surfaces of the devices). Secondly, we only need one homogeneous anisotropic medium to realize all devices designed by this method. Our method will explore a new way to design novel optical devices without considering any coordinate transformations.
Microwave-Assisted Polymerization
Authors: Mishra Anuradha , Vats Tanvi , Clark James H 
Published: October 2015

Polymer science faces the challenge of meeting growing market demand for polymers whilst achieving sustainability through environmentally friendly processes. Microwave heating has emerged as a greener technique that accelerates a variety of chemical reactions, including polymerization. Microwave-assisted reactions can be cleaner and more rapid and economic analyses suggest that the cost of curing polymers may be reduced by switching over to the use of microwaves.
This book provides comprehensive coverage of microwave-assisted polymerization. The first chapter introduces readers to the theory behind the accelerating effects of microwaves on chemical reactions and covers the types of commercial microwave reactors being used for synthesis and processing of polymers that are available on the market. Subsequent chapters are organised by type of reaction, including radical homo and co-polymerizations, step growth polymerization and peptide synthesis. Importantly, analysis of processes and product properties in comparison with conventional methods is also detailed.
This book will be a valuable resource for green chemists and polymer scientists and engineers who want to develop sustainable processes.
Switching‐loss reduction technique in active power filters without auxiliary circuits
Authors: Lam Chi‐Seng , Wong Man‐Chung , Dai Ning‐Yi , Choi Wai‐Hei , Cui Xiao‐Xi , Chung Chi‐Yung 
Published: October 2015

To reduce the active power filter (APF) system switching loss, the usual method is to apply different soft‐switching techniques. However, this would increase the system initial cost. In this study, a switching loss and switching noise reduction control strategy for APF under reactive power and current harmonics compensation is proposed, which can be applied to the existing APF systems in worldwide, thus causing economic benefits. The minimum dc‐link operating voltage of APF is computed through both fundamental and harmonic frequencies analysis. Then an adaptive dc‐link voltage controller for the APF is proposed, such that the compensating range of the APF is adaptively varied according to the variation of the loading. Thus, the switching loss and switching noise of the APF can be lowered. Moreover, the design criteria of the proportional and integral gains of the adaptive dc voltage controller are presented and discussed. Finally, simulation and experimental results of a 110 V, 5 kVA APF experimental prototype are given to prove the validity of the proposed control strategy for the APF in current quality compensation, and at the same time reducing switching loss and switching noise during operation.
Ultrahigh electrical conductivity in solution-sheared polymeric transparent films
Authors: Worfolk Brian J. , Andrews Sean C. , Park Steve , Reinspach Julia , Liu Nan , Toney Michael F. , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Bao Zhenan 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Many applications, including solar cells and touch screens, require coatings that are both optically transparent and electrically conductive. Most device structures use indium tin oxide to serve as this transparent conductor (TC), even though it accounts for a disproportionally large amount of device cost. Alternatives, such as polymer-based materials, may not only provide additional cost benefits, but may also allow for added functionality, such as flexibility. In this paper, we examine conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) deposited by solution shearing as a TC film. Morphological and chemical changes caused by solution shearing deposition lead to record-high conductivities and overall excellent TC performance.
Interpreting Lamprey Attacks on Pacific Cod in the Eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Siwicke Kevin A. , Seitz Andrew C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAdult anadromous lampreys attack several species targeted by large‐scale commercial fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean, and the potential negative impact to these host fishes is not well understood. The Arctic LampreyLethenteron camtschaticumand Pacific LampreyEntosphenus tridentatusare anadromous species that feed in the eastern Bering Sea, and lamprey parasitism is evident on Pacific CodGadus macrocephalusnear the Bering Slope. To examine this parasitic interaction, we first built models using morphological measurements from lamprey oral discs to predict which lamprey species caused the observed wounds on Pacific Cod. We then examined lamprey wounding rates and explored healing patterns related to the severity and location of lamprey wounds. We scanned 8,746 Pacific Cod for lamprey wounds and found that 4.9% of the cod had at least one wound. Lamprey wound morphology was better predicted by an oral disk model built for Pacific Lamprey than by a similar model built for Arctic Lamprey. The occurrence of lamprey wounds that had penetrated muscle tissue but had not completely healed was more prevalent as Pacific Cod length increased. Generalized additive model results indicated that latitude and mean Pacific Cod length were important in predicting lamprey wounding rates at a sampling station. Recently inflicted lamprey wounds that penetrated Pacific Cod muscle tissue were observed four times as often as superficial wounds that did not penetrate muscle tissue, but superficial wounds were twice as likely to reach a completely healed state. No difference was detected in the likelihood of a lamprey wound to reach a completely healed state among different host body regions. While there is a potential for lamprey attacks to negatively affect individual host fish, we emphasize the importance of understanding population dynamics between native lampreys and their hosts, as this could aid in explaining variations in the natural mortality of commercially important fish species in the eastern Bering Sea.
DelPhiPKa web server: predicting pKa of proteins, RNAs and DNAs
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Min , Alexov Emil 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSummary: A new pKa prediction web server is released, which implements DelPhi Gaussian dielectric function to calculate electrostatic potentials generated by charges of biomolecules. Topology parameters are extended to include atomic information of nucleotides of RNA and DNA, which extends the capability of pKa calculations beyond proteins. The web server allows the end-user to protonate the biomolecule at particular pH based on calculated pKa values and provides the downloadable file in PQR format. Several tests are performed to benchmark the accuracy and speed of the protocol.Implementation: The web server follows a client-server architecture built on PHP and HTML and utilizes DelPhiPKa program. The computation is performed on the Palmetto supercomputer cluster and results/download links are given back to the end-user via http protocol. The web server takes advantage of MPI parallel implementation in DelPhiPKa and can run a single job on up to 24 CPUs.Availability and implementation: The DelPhiPKa web server is available at http://compbio.clemson.edu/pka_webserver.Contact: lwang3@clemson.edu or ealexov@clemson.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
MaxBin 2.0: an automated binning algorithm to recover genomes from multiple metagenomic datasets
Authors: Wu Yu-Wei , Simmons Blake A. , Singer Steven W. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Summary: The recovery of genomes from metagenomic datasets is a critical step to defining the functional roles of the underlying uncultivated populations. We previously developed MaxBin, an automated binning approach for high-throughput recovery of microbial genomes from metagenomes. Here we present an expanded binning algorithm, MaxBin 2.0, which recovers genomes from co-assembly of a collection of metagenomic datasets. Tests on simulated datasets revealed that MaxBin 2.0 is highly accurate in recovering individual genomes, and the application of MaxBin 2.0 to several metagenomes from environmental samples demonstrated that it could achieve two complementary goals: recovering more bacterial genomes compared to binning a single sample as well as comparing the microbial community composition between different sampling environments.
Availability and implementation: MaxBin 2.0 is freely available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/maxbin/ under BSD license.
Contact: ywwei@lbl.gov
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Evaluating the implementation of RxNorm in ambulatory electronic prescriptions
Authors: Dhavle Ajit A , Ward-Charlerie Stacy , Rupp Michael T , Kilbourne John , Amin Vishal P , Ruiz Joshua 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Objective RxNorm is a standardized drug nomenclature maintained by the National Library of Medicine that has been recommended as an alternative to the National Drug Code (NDC) terminology for use in electronic prescribing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation of RxNorm in ambulatory care electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions).
Methods We analyzed a random sample of 49 997 e-prescriptions that were received by 7391 locations of a national retail pharmacy chain during a single day in April 2014. The e-prescriptions in the sample were generated by 37 801 ambulatory care prescribers using 519 different e-prescribing software applications.
Results We found that 97.9% of e-prescriptions in the study sample could be accurately represented by an RxNorm identifier. However, RxNorm identifiers were actually used as drug identifiers in only 16 433 (33.0%) e-prescriptions. Another 431 (2.5%) e-prescriptions that used RxNorm identifiers had a discrepancy in the corresponding Drug Database Code qualifier field or did not have a qualifier (Term Type) at all. In 10 e-prescriptions (0.06%), the free-text drug description and the RxNorm concept unique identifier pointed to completely different drug concepts, and in 7 e-prescriptions (0.04%), the NDC and RxNorm drug identifiers pointed to completely different drug concepts.
Discussion The National Library of Medicine continues to enhance the RxNorm terminology and expand its scope. This study illustrates the need for technology vendors to improve their implementation of RxNorm; doing so will accelerate the adoption of RxNorm as the preferred alternative to using the NDC terminology in e-prescribing.
Could a change in magnetic field geometry cause the break in the wind-activity relation?
Authors: Vidotto A. A. , Donati J.-F. , Jardine M. , See V. , Petit P. , Boisse I. , Boro Saikia S. , Hébrard E. , Jeffers S. V. , Marsden S. C. , Morin J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Wood et al. suggested that mass-loss rate is a function of X-ray flux ($\skew{3}\dot{M}\propto F_x^{1.34}$) for dwarf stars with Fx ≲ Fx,6 ≡ 106 erg cm−2 s−1. However, more active stars do not obey this relation. These authors suggested that the break at Fx,6 could be caused by significant changes in magnetic field topology that would inhibit stellar wind generation. Here, we investigate this hypothesis by analysing the stars in Wood et al. sample that had their surface magnetic fields reconstructed through Zeeman–Doppler Imaging (ZDI). Although the solar-like outliers in the $\skew{3}\dot{M}$ – Fx relation have higher fractional toroidal magnetic energy, we do not find evidence of a sharp transition in magnetic topology at Fx,6. To confirm this, further wind measurements and ZDI observations at both sides of the break are required. As active stars can jump between states with highly toroidal to highly poloidal fields, we expect significant scatter in magnetic field topology to exist for stars with Fx ≳ Fx,6. This strengthens the importance of multi-epoch ZDI observations. Finally, we show that there is a correlation between Fx and magnetic energy, which implies that $\skew{3}\dot{M}$ – magnetic energy relation has the same qualitative behaviour as the original $\skew{3}\dot{M}$ – Fx relation. No break is seen in any of the Fx – magnetic energy relations.
Rare Disasters and Exchange Rates
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Authors: Farhi Emmanuel , Gabaix Xavier 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We propose a new model of exchange rates, based on the hypothesis that the possibility of rare but extreme disasters is an important determinant of risk premia in asset markets. The probability of world disasters as well as each country’s exposure to these events is time-varying. This creates joint fluctuations in exchange rates, interest rates, options, and stock markets. The model accounts for a series of major puzzles in exchange rates: excess volatility and exchange rate disconnect, forward premium puzzle and large excess returns of the carry trade, and comovements between stocks and exchange rates. It also makes empirically successful signature predictions regarding the link between exchange rates and telltale signs of disaster risk in currency options.