bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear model predictive control strategy for low thrust spacecraft missions
Authors: Starek Joseph A. , Kolmanovsky Ilya V. 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, two nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) strategies are applied to solve a low thrust interplanetary rendezvous problem. Each employs a unique, nonclassical parameterization of the control to adapt the nonlinear MPC approach to interplanetary orbital dynamics with low control authority. The approach is demonstrated numerically for a minimum‐fuel Earth‐to‐Mars rendezvous maneuver, cast as a simplified coplanar circular orbit heliocentric transfer problem. The interplanetary transfer is accomplished by repeated solution of an optimal control problem over (i) a receding horizon with fixed number of control subintervals and (ii) a receding horizon with shrinking number of control subintervals, with a doubling strategy to maintain controllability. In both cases, the end time is left unconstrained. The performances of the nonlinear MPC strategies in terms of computation time, fuel consumption, and transfer time are compared for a constant thrust nuclear‐electric propulsion system. For this example, the ability to withstand unmodeled effects and control allocation errors is verified. The second strategy, with shrinking number of control subintervals, is also shown to easily handle the more complicated bounded thrust nuclear‐electric case, as well as a state‐control‐constrained solar‐electric case. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric Pressure Deposition of Thin Functional Coatings: Polymer Surface Patterning by DBD and Post‐Discharge Polymerization of Liquid Vinyl Monomer from Surface Radicals
Authors: Borra Jean‐Pascal , Valt Alexandre , Arefi‐Khonsari Farzi , Tatoulian Michael 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe present a route for grafting polyacid and polyether coatings on polymers by post‐discharge polymerization of liquid vinyl monomer. Surface modifications of polymer films by Micro‐Discharges in air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (MD, DBD) are depicted with sub‐micrometer craters homogeneously distributed. Both the energy per MD and the power density are critical to avoid thermal film deformation. Homogeneous surface composition is related to the DBD energy density. The polymerization mechanism is depicted from yields versus DBD energy density and time of exposure to air between DBD and monomer deposition. Both parameters control the surface density of radicals and peroxides, triggering the post‐DBD polymerization with 80 and 73% of monomer functionality remaining in acid and ether coatings, respectively. The effect of deposition conditions on coatings properties is shown as well as the stability of coatings upon washing. magnified image
Improved Bonding and Conductivity of Polypyrrole on Polyester by Gaseous Plasma Treatment
Authors: Mehmood Tariq , Dai Xiujuan J. , Kaynak Akif , Kouzani Abbas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA systematic study was conducted using argon, oxygen, and nitrogen plasma to improve the adhesion of polypyrrole coating to polyester (PET) fabric for improving conductivity and to understand the mechanisms involved. PET thin film was used as a reference sample. The changes in wettability, surface chemistry and morphology were studied by water contact angle, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that both the highest conductivity and the strongest interfacial bonding were achieved by oxygen plasma treatment. The increase in hydrophilicity, surface functionalization, and suitable nano‐scale roughness gave improved adhesion. magnified image
One Step Synthesis of Gold‐Loaded Radial Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres and Supported Lipid Bilayer Functionalization: Towards Bio‐Multifunctional Sensors
Authors: Veneziano Remi , Derrien Gaelle , Tan Sisareuth , Brisson Alain , Devoisselle Jean‐Marie , Chopineau Joel , Charnay Clarence 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA simple synthetic route is developed to achieve gold functionalized radial mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Au‐MsNP) synthesized by a one step procedure fully compatible with basic conditions required for the preparation of monodispersed nanospheres. In a second step, Au‐MsNP particles have been coated with phospholipid bilayers in order to design an advanced biofunctional platform with the gold metallic nanoparticles previously grown into the pore channels and responsible for a plasmonic activity relevant for biosensing. The size of Au‐MsNP is checked by dynamic light scattering while zeta potential measurements reflect their surface charge. The particle morphology is characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and the Si/Au ratios are obtained from energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The textural properties of Au‐MsNP, specific surface area and pore size, are determined from N2 adsorption. The supported bilayers are achieved from vesicles of different phospholipids incubated with Au‐MsNP particles. The coating efficiency is investigated by zeta potential and cryo‐ transmission electron microscopy. The plasmonic activities of bare Au‐MsNP particles and coated lipid bilayer Au‐MsNP platform are evidenced for two model systems: direct adsorption of bovine serum albumin and molecular recognition events between avidin molecules and biotin receptors integrated in the supported lipid bilayer.
Effects of Pretask Modeling on Attention to Form and Question Development
Authors: Kim YouJin 
Published: September 2012

Over the last two decades, a growing body of research has shown positive impacts for task planning in task‐based instruction (e.g., Ellis, 2005; Foster & Skehan, 1996). However, what learners plan during pretask planning, and whether any specific planning strategies are more beneficial in encouraging learners to attend to linguistic forms and facilitating second language development, have not been systematically investigated. The present study examined the effects of pretask modeling as a planning strategy on learners' attention to question structures and their subsequent question development. Korean junior high school students from two classes were assigned to either pretask modeling or no modeling groups. They completed a pretest, three tasks in pairs, and two posttests over a period of 5 weeks. The modeling group viewed pretask modeling videos as a part of their guided planning, whereas the no modeling group was provided with unguided planning time. The individual learners' think‐aloud protocols during planning time and learner–learner interaction during task performance were audio‐recorded, and the data were analyzed in terms of language‐related episodes. Question development was determined based on Pienemann and Johnston's (1987) developmental sequence. Results indicate that pretask modeling facilitated learners' attention to form, especially during planning time, and their question development.
The wireless power transmission: inductive coupling, radio wave, and resonance coupling
Authors: Shinohara Naoki 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper describes various wireless power transmission (WPT) technologies including inductive coupling, radio waves, and resonance coupling. Theoretically, these three WPT technologies are similar, in that all of them depend on Maxwell's equations. However, there are pros and cons for each application of the WPT. Therefore, a suitable WPT technology must be selected for each application. Herein, the theory, technologies, and applications of WPT are discussed. WPT is a useful and convenient technology that can be employed to charge the batteries in mobile phones, notebook PCs, electric vehicles, light‐emitting diodes, integrated circuits, and other equipment without the need for a wire connection. For systems that use very low power, the battery can be removed altogether, and the systems can be run on energy harvested from ambient radio frequency and microwave radiation. Therefore, the number of batteries can be reduced when wireless power is available from various locations, and because batteries can be charged wirelessly, concerns about the shortage of batteries can also be reduced. WPT via microwaves, for example, can be applied in the future to stable and CO2‐free space‐based solar power satellites. Overall, WPT will support both future energy production and the environment.This article is categorized under:

Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Research & Innovation > Systems and Infrastructure
P2Y receptors in atherosclerosis: from lipid metabolism to vascular functions
Authors: Martinez Laurent O. , Cabou Cendrine , Pons Véronique , Malaval Camille 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascular wall, in large part initiated by accumulation of cholesterol‐laden macrophages (foam cells) in the walls of large and medium arteries, without adequate removal of cholesterol by high‐density lipoproteins. These lipid deposits promote an inflammatory response and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques that damage the vascular wall and can be further complicated by plaque disruption and thrombosis. The molecular mechanisms controlling atherosclerosis are sensitive to lipids and to their interactions with blood cells (platelets and immune cells), vascular cells (endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells), and peripheral cells, such as enterocytes, hepatocytes, and adipocytes, governing lipid entry, storage, and elimination within the body. This involves purinergic P2Y receptors particularly in signaling favoring inflammation and thromboses in the artery wall. However, these receptors can also promote antiatherogenic effects. This is because they are part of the molecular mechanisms determining cellular events and the disruption of which relates to atheroma formation such as the restoration of vascular endothelial function and the efflux of excess cholesterol from plaque followed by cholesterol removal via hepatobiliary lipid secretion.We replace these different roles of P2Y receptors in atherosclerosis and specifically address recent observations determining their potential role in the regulation of both lipid and vascular homeostasis. Understanding these new functions would help in the discovery of new molecular targets for preventing atherosclerosis development. WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:743–754. doi: 10.1002/wmts.66For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Molecular structure of P2Y receptors: mutagenesis, modeling, and chemical probes
Authors: Jacobson Kenneth A. , Jayasekara M.P. Suresh , Costanzi Stefano 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere are eight subtypes of P2Y receptors (P2YRs) that are activated, and in some cases inhibited, by a range of extracellular nucleotides. These nucleotides are ubiquitous, but their extracellular concentration can rise dramatically in response to hypoxia, ischemia, or mechanical stress, injury, and release through channels and from vesicles. Two subclasses of P2YRs were defined based on clustering of sequences, second messengers, and receptor sequence analysis. The numbering system for P2YR subtypes is discontinuous; i.e., P2Y1–14Rs have been defined, but six of the intermediate‐numbered cloned receptor sequences (e.g., P2y3, P2y5, and P2y7–10) are not functional mammalian nucleotide receptors. Of these two clusters, the P2Y12–14 subtypes couple via Gαi to inhibit adenylate cyclase, whereas the remaining subtypes couple through Gαq to activate phospholipase C. Collectively, the P2YRs respond to both purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in the form of 5′‐mono‐ and dinucleotides and nucleoside‐5′‐diphosphosugars. In recent years, the medicinal chemistry of P2YRs has advanced significantly to provide selective agonists and antagonists for many but not all of the subtypes. Ligand design has been aided by insights from structural probing using molecular modeling and mutagenesis. Currently, the molecular modeling of the receptors is effectively based on the X‐ray structure of the CXCR4 receptor, which is the closest to the P2YRs among all the currently crystallized receptors in terms of sequence similarity. It is now a challenge to develop novel and selective P2YR ligands for disease treatment (although antagonists of the P2Y12R are already widely used as antithrombotics). WIREs Membr Transp Signal 2012, 1:815–827. doi: 10.1002/wmts.68For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Assessment of bone dysplasia by micro‐CT and glycosaminoglycan levels in mouse models for mucopolysaccharidosis type I, IIIA, IVA, and VII
Authors: Rowan Daniel J. , Tomatsu Shunji , Grubb Jeffrey H. , Montaño Adriana M. , Sly William S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage diseases caused by mutations in lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Patients with MPS grow poorly and become physically disabled due to systemic bone disease. While many of the major skeletal effects in mouse models for MPS have been described, no detailed analysis that compares GAGs levels and characteristics of bone by micro‐CT has been done. The aims of this study were to assess severity of bone dysplasia among four MPS mouse models (MPS I, IIIA, IVA and VII), to determine the relationship between severity of bone dysplasia and serum keratan sulfate (KS) and heparan sulfate (HS) levels in those models, and to explore the mechanism of KS elevation in MPS I, IIIA, and VII mouse models. Clinically, MPS VII mice had the most severe bone pathology; however, MPS I and IVA mice also showed skeletal pathology. MPS I and VII mice showed severe bone dysplasia, higher bone mineral density, narrowed spinal canal, and shorter sclerotic bones by micro‐CT and radiographs. Serum KS and HS levels were elevated in MPS I, IIIA, and VII mice. Severity of skeletal disease displayed by micro‐CT, radiographs and histopathology correlated with the level of KS elevation. We showed that elevated HS levels in MPS mouse models could inhibit N‐acetylgalactosamine‐6‐sulfate sulfatase enzyme. These studies suggest that KS could be released from chondrocytes affected by accumulation of other GAGs and that KS could be useful as a biomarker for severity of bone dysplasia in MPS disorders.
Misoprostol for the management of postpartum bleeding: A new approach
Authors: Dabash Rasha , Blum Jennifer , Raghavan Sheila , Anger Holly , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExcessive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a leading cause of maternal death globally. Current approaches to address PPH at the community level focus on reducing the incidence of PPH, but often fail to address the issue of PPH treatment. Given that institutional delivery is not yet a reality for all women, comprehensive care for excessive bleeding after delivery needs to be available at the community level. A new hybrid model of “secondary prevention”—presumptive treatment for women with more than average blood loss—presents one alternative community‐based approach. If shown to be effective and feasible, this approach could support policy changes and avoid the need to provide uterotonics to all women after delivery. This Special Communication discusses some of the benefits and limitations of current community approaches using misoprostol for PPH prevention and explains why it is now opportune to translate clinical knowledge into pragmatic PPH service delivery strategies.
The Impact of Comorbidities and Complications on Burn Injury Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes
Authors: Schneider Jeffrey C. , Gerrard Paul , Goldstein Richard , DiVita Margaret A. , Niewczyk Paulette , Ryan Colleen M. , Kowalske Karen , Zafonte Ross 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of comorbidities and complications on burn inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) outcomes.DesignA retrospective cross‐sectional study.SettingInpatient rehabilitation hospitals.PatientsA total of 4572 patients with a primary diagnosis of burn injury from the Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation database from 2002 to 2010.Methods or InterventionsRegression analyses were used to determine whether 3 different comorbidity measures (Charlson Comorbidity Index, Elixhauser Comoribidity Index, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Comorbidity Tiers) and 1 complication measure improved the predictive model (c‐statistic) for each outcome measure.Main Outcome MeasurementsCommunity discharge, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) gain, length of stay efficiency, transfer to acute care within the first 3 days of IRF stay, and transfer to acute care for all time periods.ResultsFor all outcomes, there was no difference between the Standard Model and the models that include the comorbidity and complication variables as measured by the c‐statistic confidence intervals.ConclusionsComorbidities and complications did not significantly affect burn IRF outcomes. Future research is needed to examine the impact of comorbidities and complications on outcomes of other IRF populations to better understand the implications for current and future health care policy.
Cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered domestic ruminants from Tunisia
Authors: Lahmar S. , Trifi M. , Ben Naceur S. , Bouchhima T. , Lahouar N. , Lamouchi I. , Maâmouri N. , Selmi R. , Dhibi M. , Torgerson P.R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA total of 10,818 domestic ruminants (3913 cattle, 2722 sheep, 3779 goats, 404 dromedaries) slaughtered in various abattoirs in Tunisia between 2003 and 2010 were examined for the presence of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cysts. The prevalence of cystic echinococcosis (CE) was 16.42% in sheep, 8.56% in cattle, 5.94% in dromedaries and 2.88% in goats. CE prevalence increased with age according to an asymptotic model and there was evidence of variation in infection pressure depending on the region of Tunisia where the animals were slaughtered. Cattle appeared to have the highest infection pressure of the species examined. The mean intensity of hepatic cysts was higher than that of pulmonary cysts in all species. The highest mean intensity of infection with E. granulosus larvae was observed in cattle (18.14) followed by sheep (9.58), goats (2.31) and dromedaries (2.12). The abundance of infection increased in a linear fashion with age in all animal species. Cyst abundance varied with species of animal and district of Tunisia. Cysts from dromedaries were more fertile (44.44%) than those from sheep (30.25%), goats (30.32%) and cattle (0.95%). The viability of the protoscoleces from fertile cysts from cattle (78.45%) was higher than those from sheep (70.71%) and camels (69.57%). The lowest protoscolex viability was recorded for hydatid cysts from goats (20.21%). This epidemiological study confirms the importance of CE in all domestic ruminant species, particularly in sheep, throughout Tunisia and emphasizes the need to interrupt parasite transmission by preventive integrated approaches in a CE control programme.
Electron heating in a multi-dipole plasma by electrostatic plugging
Authors: MISHRA M. K. , PHUKAN A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe effect of the electrostatic confinement potential on electron number densities and electron temperatures under bi-Maxwellian approximation for electron distribution function has been studied in an electrostatically plugged multi-dipole argon plasma system. Electrostatic plugging is implemented by biasing the electrically isolated multi-dipole magnetic cage. Experimental results show that the density ratio (N) and temperature ratio (T) of the two electron groups can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the magnetic cage. Out of the two groups of electrons, one group has the cold electrons, which are plasma electrons produced by the ionization process, and the other group has the hot primary electrons.
By yedivine arm: God and substance inDe gravitatione
Authors: KOCHIRAS HYLARIE 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article interprets Newton'sDe gravitationeas presenting a reductive account of substance, on which divine and created substances are identified with their characteristic attributes, which are present in space. God is identical to the divine power to create, and mind to its characteristic power. Even bodies lack parts outside parts, for they are not constructed from regions of actual space, as some commentators suppose, but rather consist in powers alone, maintained in certain configurations by the divine will. This interpretation thus specifies Newton's meaning when he writes that bodies subsist ‘through God alone’; yet bodies do qualify as substances, and divine providence does not extend so far as occasionalism.
Fit for purpose: the role of modern professionalism in evolving the humanitarian endeavour
Authors: Walker Peter , Russ Catherine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe humanitarian enterprise has grown in size and complexity over the past generation. Modern systems of scrutiny and accountability demand a higher level of accountability than ever before, both to programme beneficiaries and to donors. This, we believe, puts pressure on the system to become more professional and on aid workers to consider the establishment of a formal profession of humanitarian aid. This article reports on research carried out to test this hypothesis and on an approach that is presently being used to establish the necessary components of a professional system.
Megatrends and the future of humanitarian action
Authors: Ferris Elizabeth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article assesses the implications of six megatrends for humanitarian action in the future, including changes in demography, technology and science, economics, political power, climate, and patterns of conflict. The interaction of these trends suggests a particularly complex landscape for future humanitarian response. For example, conflict in the future is more likely to take place in cities that are growing as a result of economic and environmental factors. Social media are contributing to both political change and humanitarian response, while changes in global political and economic power are likely to influence the way in which the international humanitarian system is financed and supported.
The use of force to protect civilians and humanitarian action: the case of Libya and beyond
Authors: Pommier Bruno 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Libyan crisis of 2011 has again raised the crucial problem of the choice of means in protecting civilians. Authorized by the international community as part of military operations in Libya, the use of force in protecting civilians has revived the concept of ‘humanitarian war’ and has raised a number of issues for humanitarian organizations, in particular concerning the notion of neutral, impartial, and independent humanitarian action.1 The article focuses on these humanitarian issues and, inter alia, on the possible impact on humanitarian action of the concept of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), which was at the basis of the intervention in Libya.