bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disagreement—Commonality—Autonomy: EU Fundamental Rights in the Internal Market
Authors: Augenstein Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe contribution explores the implications of disagreements about rights in the ‘multi-layered’ European polity for the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law. It argues that insomuch as the EU’s weak claim to supra-national political authority is corroborated by a strong case for economic integration, the internal market operates not simply as a constraining factor in the effective realisation of fundamental rights, but provides the very foundation of their autonomous interpretation in the EU legal order. Sections II and III elaborate upon the relationship between conflicts of authority in the European legal space and the autonomous interpretation of EU fundamental rights law under conditions of political disagreement. Section IV links the argument to the often-alleged instrumentalisation of EU fundamental rights in the service of the market. Sections V and VI substantiate the guiding contention of the contribution—that the autonomy of EU fundamental rights law is rooted in the unity of the market—with an analysis of pertinent case law. The concluding section suggests that the transformation of the EU into a ‘genuine’ human rights polity must proceed through a politicisation of the market by virtue of fundamental rights law.
The Ambiguity of Multi-Level Governance and (De-)Harmonisation in EU Environmental Law
Authors: Lee Maria 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter explores the ambiguous allocation of authority in the governance of two areas of environmental protection: industrial pollution and genetically modified organisms. Ambiguity, that is, a difficulty in asserting that any single actor has the final word on a subject, is inevitable in the EU’s multi-level governance system and is not necessarily undesirable. These two examples demonstrate that even in the face of concerted efforts to introduce a formal hierarchy, the need for collaboration around softer norms persists.
The Law and Political Objectives of the European Neighbourhood Policy in the East: A Difficult Marriage or Singing in Unison?
Authors: Ghazaryan Nariné 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is inherently political in nature. The rationalistic considerations underpinning its launch and subsequent elaboration have necessarily influenced the choice of the legal framework. At the same time, the rules regulating the conduct of EU foreign policy had a reciprocal impact on policy choices made. The legislative and political developments following the ratification of the Lisbon Treaty and the regional split in the policy arguably injected new dynamics into the interaction between the political and legal aspects of the ENP.The chapter traces the relationship between the political objectives and the legal framework of the ENP through three phases of its existence, with a focus on the eastern neighbourhood, comprising Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova and the South Caucasus, as the addressee of the exclusionary rationale of the policy. First, the formulation and the elaboration of the initiative is revisited as the first phase of the existence of the policy. The second phase concerns the ‘Eastern Partnership’ initiative established as a result of the regional split within the policy. The third phase refers to the law and political objectives of the ENP as translated into Article 8 TEU.
The Citizenship Paradigm
Authors: Kochenov Dimitry 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter suggests the deployment of the concept of European citizenship as a means of integration alongside the internal market, proposing the citizenship paradigm of European integration to inform the Union’s future. This proposal, based on a combination of the initial promise of European unity and the potential of EU citizenship, is not purely utopian but is directly rooted in the primary law as well as in the purpose of the integration project.
Home Country Control with Consent: A New Paradigm for Ensuring Trust and Cooperation in the Internal Market?
Authors: Schammo Pierre 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHome country control has been a long-standing principle of supervisory governance in the internal market. However, in the wake of the financial crisis, the principle has come under stress. This chapter looks at ways to deal with home country control by putting forward for discussion a new paradigm which I will coin ‘home country control with consent’ (HCC-C). My aim is to examine the building blocks of HCC-C but also to reflect more generally on the merit of a (mostly horizontal) supervisory arrangement which allows other (host) actors to get involved in the decision making of a home state authority. To describe such involvement, I will use the term ‘interference’. The basic problematic that I seek to address is that of ensuring cooperation and trust between national competent authorities. To identify the building blocks of HCC-C, I will turn to the recently enacted European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) which provides a possible, even if embryonic, template for HCC-C.
A Comparative Study of the Propensity of Whistle-Blowing: Empirical Evidence from China, Taiwan, and the United States
Authors: Hwang Dennis B.K. , Chen Yan , Staley Andrew Blair , Tsai Yafang , Chu Chin-Ling 
Published: January 2014

This paper explores cultural factors that influence the propensity to blow-the-whistle in China, Taiwan, and the U.S. Statistical analysis of self-developed questionnaires reveals that: a) Americans have a greater disposition to engage in whistle-blowing than Chinese and Taiwanese; b) the intention of Chinese and Taiwanese to whistle-blow is influenced to a greater degree by the dollar amounts involved and also by the impact of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices on companies and societies than that of the Americans; c) Guanxi (personal relationships or networks) has a greater effect on the propensity to whistle-blow for Chinese and Taiwanese than for Americans. Auditors and managers need to be aware that employees in different cultures respond differently to factors that influence whistle-blowing. The results of this study will help auditors and managers better assess risk and the effectiveness of internal controls and ethical standards.
Le côté obscur de la force
Authors: Morin David 
Published: January 2014

Historiquement, l’usage de la force armée constitue une source de division au sein de la société canadienne, où plusieurs conceptions s’opposent. Parmi celles-ci, la conception militariste de la « nation guerrière » et sa diplomatie robuste ont gagné en vitalité depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir des conservateurs en 2006. Au coeur de la stratégie conservatrice pour substituer à l’identité internationaliste (libérale) du Canada les fondements d’un nouveau « parti de gouvernement naturel », ce discours militariste tranche avec l’approche habituellement prudente des gouvernements précédents sur la question depuis un demi-siècle. Loin de contribuer à rallier la société canadienne, ce virage révèle et exacerbe les tensions au pays, faisant au passage une victime collatérale de premier ordre : l’unité nationale.
Pattern of microbial translocation in patients living with HIV‐1 from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden
Authors: Abdurahman Samir , Barqasho Babilonia , Nowak Piotr , Cuong Do Duy , Amogne Wondwossen , Larsson Mattias , Lindquist Lars , Marrone Gaetano , Sönnerborg Anders 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionThe role of microbial translocation (MT) in HIV patients living with HIV from low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) is not fully known. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the patterns of MT in patients from Vietnam, Ethiopia and Sweden.MethodsCross‐sectional samples were obtained from treatment‐naïve patients living with HIV‐1 and healthy controls from Vietnam (n=83; n=46), Ethiopia (n=9492; n=50) and Sweden (n=51; n=19). Longitudinal samples were obtained from a subset of the Vietnamese (n=24) in whom antiretroviral therapy (ART) and tuberculostatics were given. Plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14 and anti‐flagellin IgG were determined by the endpoint chromogenic Limulus Amebocyte Assay and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsAll three biomarkers were significantly increased in patients living with HIV‐1 from all countries as compared to controls. No differences were found between males and females. Vietnamese and Ethiopian patients had significantly higher levels of anti‐flagellin IgG and LPS, as compared to Swedes. ART reduced these levels for the Vietnamese. Vietnamese patients given tuberculostatics at initiation of ART had significantly lower levels of anti‐flagellin IgG and higher sCD14. The biomarkers were lower in Vietnamese who did not develop opportunistic infection.ConclusionsHigher MT is common in patients living with HIV compared to healthy individuals, and in patients from LMICs compared to patients from a high‐income country. Treatment with tuberculostatics decreased MT while higher levels of MT are associated with a poorer clinical outcome.
A Comparison of the Indentation Size Effect in Fused Silica and Crystalline Quartz
Authors: Zhang Lei , Bradt Richard C. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The Indentation Size Effect (ISE) in Fused Silica and Crystalline Quartz were measured by both Knoop and Vicker indenters and both exhibited a crossover for the different indenters at about the same indentation load. The crossover can be explained by the ratio of the (surface area/indentation volume) from the geometries of the two indenters.
Challenges and Strategies toward Manganese Hexacyanoferrate for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Zhiming , Qian Yudan , Chen Xiaomin , Chen Jian , Zhou Xunzhu , Kuang Wenxi , Shi Xiaoyan , Wu Xingqiao , Li Lin , Wang Jiazhao , Chou Shulei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as a beneficial complement to lithium‐ion batteries for large‐scale energy storage systems because of the abundant sodium resources. However, the relatively large ionic radius of Na+ inevitably results in a huge volume change and sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics, which put forward higher requirements for electrode materials. Among the reported cathode materials for SIBs, the manganese hexacyanoferrate (MnHCF) with the merits of large channels for fast sodium ion transport, high theoretical capacity and low cost has attracted extensive attention. In this review, the recent achievements of MnHCF for SIBs are focused. The key challenges of MnHCF limiting the practical application include the interstitial water, vacancies, low electronic conductivity, and the Jahn‐Teller effect. Subsequently, the mainstream strategies to boost the sodium storage performance of MnHCF are summarized (such as structure regulation, surface coating, hybridization with carbon materials, and element substitution). Finally, the potential research directions are also proposed to promote the practical application of MnHCF for SIBs. This review is expected to provide a whole insight into exploring MnHCF cathode materials for SIBs.
Polystyrene Particle Size Distribution with the Use of Modified Time Increment Monte Carlo Model
Authors: Khajehpour‐Tadavani Soheyl , Abedini Hossein , Nekoomanesh‐Haghighi Mehdi , Brandão Amanda Lemette Teixeira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the present study, a dynamic Monte Carlo (MC) model is applied for predicting the dynamic evolution of monomer Droplet Size Distribution (DSD) and polymer Particle Size Distribution (PSD) within the presence of an inventive time step in the MC algorithm for both non‐reactive (liquid–liquid dispersion) and reactive systems. Besides, a combining approach as a second inventive strategy is introduced for implementing the MC simulation with a high number of droplets. An optimization process generated the dimensionless Model Parameters (MPs) and is applied to the MC simulation. The MC algorithm is validated with the experimental data from the literature. The novel time step can predict the dynamic evolution of monomer droplets and polymer particles in the reactive systems and diminish the time of the simulation. The combining approach is an excellent strategy for mixing the same or different number of droplets for decreasing time consumption of MC simulation. Extraordinary findings depicted the model's effectiveness and the validity of the time step and combining strategies.
In Silico Identification of Selective KRAS G12D Inhibitor via Machine Learning‐Based Molecular Docking Combined with Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Nadee Panik , Prompat Napat , Yamabhai Montarop , Sangkhathat Surasak , Benjakul Soottawat , Tipmanee Varomyalin , Saetang Jirakrit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractKRAS G12D mutation is prevalent in various cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify potential drug candidates targeting KRAS G12D using combined machine learning, virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The training and test sets are constructed based on a selection of inhibitors targeting the KRAS G12D mutant from the ChEMBL library. A random forest machine learning algorithm is developed to predict potential KRAS G12D binders. Molecular docking and the MM/PBSA binding energy are used to identify the lead compounds. The compound NPC489264 is identified as the top candidate, exhibiting favorable docking energy for the KRAS G12D mutant (−13.16 kcal mol−1). A hydrogen bond between the mutated Asp12 residue in the KRAS G12D mutant and NPC489264 is found to be a key interaction between these 2 molecules. MD simulations and MM/PBSA analysis revealed the strong binding affinity of NPC489264 to the G12D mutant (−5.49 kcal mol−1) compared to the wild type (10.17 kcal mol−1). These findings suggest that NPC489264 is a promising lead compound for further development of KRAS G12D‐targeted cancer therapies.
Engineering 3D Scaffold‐Free Nanoparticle‐Laden Stem Cell Constructs for Piezoelectric Enhancement of Human Neural Tissue Formation and Function
Authors: James Emma Claire , Tomaskovic‐Crook Eva , Crook Jeremy Micah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractElectrical stimulation (ES) of cellular systems can be utilized for biotechnological applications and electroceuticals (bioelectric medicine). Neural cell stimulation especially has a long history in neuroscience research and is increasingly applied for clinical therapies. Application of ES via conventional electrodes requires external connectors and power sources, hindering scientific and therapeutic applications. Here engineering novel 3D scaffold‐free human neural stem cell constructs with integrated piezoelectric nanoparticles for enhanced neural tissue induction and function is described. Tetragonal barium titanate (BaTi03) nanoparticles are employed as piezoelectric stimulators prepared as cytocompatible dispersions, incorporated into 3D self‐organizing neural spheroids, and activated wirelessly by ultrasound. Ultrasound delivery (low frequency; 40 kHz) is optimized for cell survival, and nanoparticle activation enabled ES throughout the spheroids during differentiation, tissue formation, and maturation. The resultant human neural tissues represent the first example of direct tissue loading with piezoelectric particles for ensuing 3D ultrasound‐mediated piezoelectric enhancement of human neuronal induction from stem cells, including augmented neuritogenesis and synaptogenesis. It is anticipated that the platform described will facilitate advanced tissue engineering and in vitro modeling of human neural (and potentially non‐neural) tissues, with modeling including tissue development and pathology, and applicable to preclinical testing and prototyping of both electroceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Hemispherical Retina Emulated by Plasmonic Optoelectronic Memristors with All‐Optical Modulation for Neuromorphic Stereo Vision
Authors: Shan Xuanyu , Wang Zhongqiang , Xie Jun , Han Jiaqi , Tao Ye , Lin Ya , Zhao Xiaoning , Ielmini Daniele , Liu Yichun , Xu Haiyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBinocular stereo vision relies on imaging disparity between two hemispherical retinas, which is essential to acquire image information in three dimensional environment. Therefore, retinomorphic electronics with structural and functional similarities to biological eyes are always highly desired to develop stereo vision perception system. In this work, a hemispherical optoelectronic memristor array based on Ag‐TiO2nanoclusters/sodium alginate film is developed to realize binocular stereo vision. All‐optical modulation induced by plasmonic thermal effect and optical excitation in Ag‐TiO2nanoclusters is exploited to realize in‐pixel image sensing and storage. Wide field of view (FOV) and spatial angle detection are experimentally demonstrated owing to the device arrangement and incident‐angle‐dependent characteristics in hemispherical geometry. Furthermore, depth perception and motion detection based on binocular disparity have been realized by constructing two retinomorphic memristive arrays. The results demonstrated in this work provide a promising strategy to develop all‐optically controlled memristor and promote the future development of binocular vision system with in‐sensor architecture.
The impact of regulatory workplace safety inspections on workers' compensation claim rates
Authors: McLeod Christopher B. , Macpherson Robert A. , He Ailin , Amick Benjamin C. , Koehoorn Mieke , Tompa Emile 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies on the impact of workplace safety inspections on work injuries have found mixed effectiveness. Most studies are from the United States, examining Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) regulatory inspections in manufacturing firms with more than 10 employees. This study examines whether regulatory inspections in Alberta, Canada, result in reductions in workers' compensation claims rates for inspected firms relative to comparable non‐inspected firms.MethodsFirm and claim‐level data from the Workers' Compensation Board of Alberta were linked with regulatory enforcement data from the Government of Alberta for construction, manufacturing, and transportation firms with at least one full‐time employee for 37 consecutive months. A matched difference‐in‐differences study design was used to estimate changes in lost‐time claim rates for work‐related injuries and musculoskeletal diseases of inspected and comparable non‐inspected firms between the year pre‐inspection and 2 years, post‐inspection, controlling for firm‐level characteristics.ResultsInspections were not effective in reducing firm‐level claim rates, with the exception of transportation firms with more than one inspection experiencing a 28% decrease in their claim rate in the second year post‐inspection, relative to the change in non‐inspected firms. In construction, inspected firms experienced a 12% increase in their claim rate in the first year post‐inspection. No effect was observed in the manufacturing sector.ConclusionsRegulatory workplace safety inspections in Alberta generally do not result in greater reductions in firm‐level claim rates in the construction, manufacturing, and transportation sectors. Inspections alone may not be sufficient to induce compliance or hazard management changes that lead to reductions in firm‐level injuries.
Locus coeruleus integrity and neuropsychiatric symptoms in a cohort of early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Falgàs Neus , Peña‐González Marta , Val‐Guardiola Andrea , Pérez‐Millan Agnès , Guillén Núria , Sarto Jordi , Esteller Diana , Bosch Beatriz , Fernández‐Villullas Guadalupe , Tort‐Merino Adrià , Mayà Gerard , Augé Josep Maria , Iranzo Alex , Balasa Mircea , Lladó Albert , Morales‐Ruiz Manuel , Bargalló Núria , Muñoz‐Moreno Emma , Grinberg Lea T. , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONEarly‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) shows a higher burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms than late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We aim to determine the differences in the severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms and locus coeruleus (LC) integrity between EOAD and LOAD accounting for disease stage.METHODSOne hundred four subjects with AD diagnosis and 32 healthy controls were included. Participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure LC integrity, measures of noradrenaline levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). We analyzed LC‐noradrenaline measurements and clinical and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker associations.RESULTSEOAD showed higher NPI scores, lower LC integrity, and similar levels of CSF noradrenaline compared to LOAD. Notably, EOAD exhibited lower LC integrity independently of disease stage. LC integrity negatively correlated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. Noradrenaline levels were increased in AD correlating with AD biomarkers.DISCUSSIONDecreased LC integrity negatively contributes to neuropsychiatric symptoms. The higher LC degeneration in EOAD compared to LOAD could explain the more severe neuropsychiatric symptoms in EOAD.Highlights
LC degeneration is greater in early‐onset AD (EOAD) compared to late‐onset AD.
Tau‐derived LC degeneration drives a higher severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
EOAD harbors a more profound selective vulnerability of the LC system.
LC degeneration is associated with an increase of cerebrospinal fluid noradrenaline levels in AD.
A new 3D Zn(II)‐based MOF with gra topological network as a photocatalyst for antibiotic degradation
Authors: Bao Lei , Ghosh Mithun Kumar , Miao Yao , Cao Liang , Ansari Istikhar A. , Muddassir Mohd. , Ghorai Tanmay Kumar , Jin Jun‐Cheng 
Published: July 2024

A novel zinc‐based metal–organic framework (Zn‐MOF), designated as [Zn3(L)(bpyp)2(HCOO)3·2DMF·H2O] (1), was synthesized using 2,5‐bis(pyrid‐4‐yl)pyridine (bpyp), 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3L), and Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O in a DMF solution. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that MOF 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system with a C2/c space group, featuring a (3,5)‐connected binodal network. The structural integrity and characteristics of MOF 1 were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analyses, showing type IV isotherms indicative of microporous structures. The photocatalytic efficiency of MOF 1 was evaluated for the degradation of various antibiotics under UV light, with nitrofurantoin (NFT) demonstrating the highest degradation rate of 83.9% at an optimal concentration of 40 ppm and catalyst loading of 5 mg. The degradation process followed a pseudo‐first‐order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.02492 min−1. Radical trapping experiments identified superoxide radicals (O2˙−) and holes (h+) as the predominant reactive species, while hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) played a negligible role. Reusability tests over four cycles confirmed the stability and durability of MOF 1, with consistent photocatalytic performance and unchanged structural morphology as evidenced by PXRD and SEM analyses. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron–hole pair generation, with subsequent formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) facilitating NFT degradation. This study highlights MOF 1 as a promising photocatalyst for environmental remediation, specifically for the efficient degradation of pharmaceutical contaminants in aquatic systems, providing insights into its structural properties, photocatalytic activity, and underlying degradation mechanisms.