bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐definition optical coherence tomography algorithm for discrimination of basal cell carcinoma from clinical BCC imitators and differentiation between common subtypes
Authors: Boone M.A.L.M. , Suppa M. , Pellacani G. , Marneffe A. , Miyamoto M. , Alarcon I. , Ruini C. , Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. , Malvehy J. , Jemec G.B.E. , Del Marmol V. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPreliminary studies have described morphological features of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) imaged by high‐definition optical coherence tomography (HD‐OCT) and suggested that this technique may aid in its diagnosis and management. However, systematic studies evaluating the accuracy of HD‐OCT for the diagnosis of BCC are lacking.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify three‐dimensional (3‐D) HD‐OCT features able i) to distinguish BCC from clinical BCC imitators and ii) to discriminate between the most common BCC subtypes. Based on these particular features, a diagnostic algorithm will be suggested.MethodA total of 50 histopathologically confirmed BCCs (18 superficial, 19 nodular, 13 infiltrative) were imaged by HD‐OCT at the centre of the lesion prior to standard surgical excision and subsequent histopathological analysis. Fifty images of clinical BCC imitators were also retrieved as a ‘pitfalls’ group.ResultsThe simultaneous presence of grey/dark subepidermal (hemi‐spherical) or intradermal lobulated structure(s) presenting a typical cockade feature in both HD‐OCT modes was a significant feature for BCC diagnosis. Features discriminating between BCC subtypes were location of the roof of BCC lobules, vascular pattern of the papillary plexus and stretching effect on the stroma. Clinical BCC imitators such as actinic keratosis, compound and intradermal naevi, amelanotic melanoma, sebaceous hyperplasia and small haemangioma could be differentiated from BCC by means of HD‐OCT.ConclusionThis study provides a thorough description of 3‐D HD‐OCT features that can permit discrimination of BCC from clinical BCC imitators and differentiation of BCC subtypes. Based on these features, a diagnostic algorithm is proposed which requires additional validation, but enhances current understanding of the morphological correlates of HD‐OCT images in skin.
Oral isotretinoin as the most effective treatment in folliculitis decalvans: a retrospective comparison of different treatment regimens in 28 patients
Authors: Tietze J.K. , Heppt M.V. , von Preußen A. , Wolf U. , Ruzicka T. , Wolff H. , Sattler E.C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundFolliculitis decalvans leads to scarring alopecia through inflammatory destruction of the hair follicle. Currently, antibiotics are most commonly used to treat this disease. However, treatment regimens with antibiotics feature a high relapse rate and encourage the development of resistant bacteria.ObjectiveTo evaluate the outcome of different treatment options for folliculitis decalvans.MethodsRetrospective study to compare the efficacy of different treatment regimens in 28 patients with folliculitis decalvans.ResultsThe success of treatment with clindamycin and rifampicin, clarithromycin, dapsone and isotretinoin was analysed. The evaluation of the combination of clindamycin and rifampicin showed the lowest success rate in achieving long‐term remission, since 80% of the patients relapsed shortly after end of treatment. Clarithromycin and dapsone were more successful with long‐term and stable remission rates of 33% and 43% respectively. Treatment with isotretinoin was the most successful oral treatment in our analysis with 90% of the patients experiencing stable remission during and up to two years after cessation of the treatment.ConclusionThe common use of antibiotics as first‐line therapy in folliculitis decalvans needs to be re‐evaluated critically and oral isotretinoin should be considered as valid treatment alternative.
Characterization of Two Species of Trypanosomatidae from the Honey Bee Apis mellifera: Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, and Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp.
Authors: Schwarz Ryan S. , Bauchan Gary R. , Murphy Charles A. , Ravoet Jorgen , de Graaf Dirk C. , Evans Jay D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTrypanosomatids are increasingly recognized as prevalent in European honey bees (Apis mellifera) and by default are attributed to one recognized species, Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, 1967. We provide reference genetic and ultrastructural data for type isolates of C. mellificae (ATCC 30254 and 30862) in comparison with two recent isolates from A. mellifera (BRL and SF). Phylogenetics unambiguously identify strains BRL/SF as a novel taxonomic unit distinct from C. mellificae strains 30254/30862 and assign all four strains as lineages of a novel clade within the subfamily Leishmaniinae. In vivo analyses show strains BRL/SF preferably colonize the hindgut, lining the lumen as adherent spheroids in a manner identical to previous descriptions from C. mellificae. Microscopy images show motile forms of C. mellificae are distinct from strains BRL/SF. We propose the binomial Lotmaria passim n. gen., n. sp. for this previously undescribed taxon. Analyses of new and previously accessioned genetic data show C. mellificae is still extant in bee populations, however, L. passim n. gen., n. sp. is currently the predominant trypanosomatid in A. mellifera globally. Our findings require that previous reports of C. mellificae be reconsidered and that subsequent trypanosomatid species designations from Hymenoptera provide genetic support.
Gut dysbiosis in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and its predictive value for mortality
Authors: Chen Yanfei , Guo Jing , Qian Guirong , Fang Daiqiong , Shi Ding , Guo Lihua , Li Lanjuan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundBacterial translocation from the gut plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, gut dysbiosis in ACLF was not widely documented in previous studies.AimThis research characterized the fecal microbiota in patients with ACLF and analyzed the temporal stability of gut microbiota during illness.MethodsFecal microbiota of 79 ACLF patients (42 patients were followed in the next 4 weeks after the first visit for longitudinal study) and 50 healthy controls was analyzed by 16S ribosomal DNA pyrosequencing.ResultsThere was a marked difference between the ACLF group and the control group. The overall microbial diversity and richness were significantly lower in ACLF than in controls. ACLF patients had lower abundance of Bacteroidaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Lanchnospiraceae, but higher abundance of Pasteurellaceae, Streptococcaceae, and Enterecoccaceae. The relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae was obviously decreased in ACLF patients with hepatic encephalopathy. The gut microbiota kept relatively stable in a short term after the onset of ACLF. The use of antibiotics only showed moderate impacts on the gut microbiota. The relative abundance of Pasteurellaceae and Model of End Stage Liver Disease score were independent factors predicting mortality rate. Network analysis comparison showed robust correlations between specific bacterial families (Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae) and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL‐2) in ACLF patients.ConclusionsThese data suggest gut dysbiosis in ACLF and its predictive value for mortality. The results thus open up the possibility of designing diagnostic biomarkers and targeted probiotics aimed at decreasing mortality in ACLF.
KdmA, a histone H3 demethylase with bipartite function, differentially regulates primary and secondary metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Gacek‐Matthews Agnieszka , Noble Luke M. , Gruber Clemens , Berger Harald , Sulyok Michael , Marcos Ana T. , Strauss Joseph , Andrianopoulos Alex 
Published: February 2015

SummaryAspergillus nidulans kdmA encodes a member of the KDM4 family of jumonji histone demethylase proteins, highly similar to metazoan orthologues both within functional domains and in domain architecture. This family of proteins exhibits demethylase activity towards lysines 9 and 36 of histone H3 and plays a prominent role in gene expression and chromosome structure in many species. Mass spectrometry mapping of A. nidulans histones revealed that around 3% of bulk histone H3 carried trimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me3) but more than 90% of histones carried either H3K36me2 or H3K36me3. KdmA functions as H3K36me3 demethylase and has roles in transcriptional regulation. Genetic manipulation of KdmA levels is tolerated without obvious effect in most conditions, but strong phenotypes are evident under various conditions of stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that – in submerged early and late cultures – between 25% and 30% of the genome is under KdmA influence respectively. Transcriptional imbalance in the kdmA deletion mutant may contribute to the lethal phenotype observed upon exposure of mutant cells to low‐density visible light on solid medium. Although KdmA acts as transcriptional co‐repressor of primary metabolism genes, it is required for full expression of several genes involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
Late Ordovician brachiopods from Peru and their palaeobiogeographical relationships
Authors: Villas Enrique , Colmenar Jorge , Gutiérrez‐Marco Juan C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA Sandbian brachiopod association from the Calapuja Formation, in the Peruvian Altiplano, north‐west of Lake Titicaca, has allowed a re‐examination of the palaeobiogeographical relationships between Gondwana and Avalonia during the Late Ordovician, when the palaeocontinents are considered to be already very distant from one another. The brachiopod fauna includes the new species Onnizetina calapujensis sp. nov., Horderleyella chacaltanai sp. nov., Drabovinella minuscula sp. nov. and Tasmanella curtiseptata sp. nov., as well as Caeroplecia sp., Dinorthis cf. flabellulum and Tunariorthis cardocanalis. In addition, Colaptomena expansa expansa and Heterorthis retrorsistria, known from the British Burrellian Stage of the Caradoc Series (late Sandbian) in Wales and the Welsh Borderlands, have also been identified. The brachiopod collection is the most diverse known from a single locality in the whole Central Andean Basin. Within it, forms with clear Gondwanan links occur, such as the new species of Onnizetina, Drabovinella and Horderleyella, and typical representatives of the Avalonian faunas, such as the Welsh Colaptomena expansa expansa and Heterorthis retrorsistria. The brachiopod species exchange between the Proto‐Andean margin of Gondwana and Avalonia, now believed to be possible during the late Sandbian, allows a reconsideration of the global taxonomic affinities of both regions. With this in mind, detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and cluster analysis have been applied to an updated rhynchonelliformean brachiopod matrix consisting of presence/absence data. The scatter plot resulting from the DCA allows a vivid visualization of the grouping and geographical trends of the South American localities with respect to Avalonia–Baltica and the Mediterranean margin of Gondwana during the Sandbian. Our results agree with previous palaeogeographical reconstructions, depicting Avalonia very close to Baltica and already distant from Gondwana. As a few brachiopod species, with low dispersal potential, would have been able to migrate between those distant palaeocontinents, the existence of intermediate islands in the Rheic Ocean, permitting the transit by island hopping of eurythermal species, must be considered.
Over‐expression of GhUGP1 in upland cotton improves fibre quality and reduces fibre sugar content
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Yang , Hu Wen‐Ran , Li Xiao‐Dong , Cao Jia‐Qiang , Fan Ling 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGhUGP1 (cotton uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase) is one of the most highly expressed genes and proteins in fast elongation cotton fibres. The objective of this study was to determine whether fibre quality and reduced sugar content could be improved in fibres by over‐expressing GhUGP1 in cotton plants under conditions of low autumn temperatures and large diurnal temperature differences. A plant GhUGP1 vector was constructed and introduced into the 3‐6‐7 cotton line using agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. Following selection with kanamycin sulphate and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blotting analyses, three independent homozygous transgenic lines were selected for molecular and chemical study. Compared with wild type, the transcriptional activity of GhUGP1 was higher and more long lasting in the transgenic lines. Fibres were longer and stronger, soluble and reduced sugar levels were significantly decreased, and cellulose levels were significantly increased. In addition, plant height also increased by 40.1‐45.1%. These results demonstrate that GhUGP1 expression was considerably increased in the transgenic plants, accelerating the conversion of oligosaccharides to polysaccharides in the developing cotton fibre.
Tsukamurella inchonensis infection in a child with Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Ochi Fumihiro , Tauchi Hisamichi , Moritani Kyoko , Miyamoto Hitoshi , Ohkusu Kiyofumi , Ishii Eiichi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTsukamurella spp. infection is a rare but important cause of bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. The organism is an aerobic, Gram‐positive, weakly acid‐fast bacillus that is difficult to differentiate from other aerobic Actinomycetales by standard laboratory methods. Here, we report on the case of a 14‐year‐old patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma who, after intensive chemotherapy, developed Tsukamurella inchonensis bacteremia, which was identified on the peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) using 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The bacteremia was successfully controlled with antimicrobial therapy and subsequent removal of the PICC. This is the first report of bacteremia by Tsukamurella inchonensis in immunocompromised children. Careful observation and prompt analysis of opportunistic infection, including Tsukamurella spp., is very important in immunocompromised children.
Collagenous sprue in a 3‐month‐old infant
Authors: Jimbo Keisuke , Aoyagi Yo , Tanaka Masanori , Ohbayashi Naho , Fujii Tohru , Kudo Takahiro , Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCollagenous sprue (CS) is a severe malabsorption disorder, the etiology of which has not been well defined. Herein, we report the case of a 3‐month‐old infant with CS who responded to steroid and immunomodulator treatment and presented a thick subepithelial collagen band. A 3‐month‐old Japanese girl presented with severe watery diarrhea that lasted for 2 weeks. She was admitted to the referring hospital, but symptomatic improvement was not achieved with fasting and rehydration. Gastroduodenal endoscopy showed an edematous duodenal mucosal surface. Duodenal biopsy indicated severe villous atrophy with infiltration of mostly CD8‐positive T cells; and deposition of subepithelial collagen was confirmed. The subepithelial collagen deposits, however, had disappeared after treatment. Historically, child‐onset CS is extremely rare and this case is likely to be the youngest case of infantile CS. The present case suggests that CS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for intractable diarrhea, even in infants.
Familial IPEX syndrome: Different glomerulopathy in two siblings
Authors: Park Eujin , Chang Hye Jin , Shin Jae Il , Lim Beom Jin , Jeong Hyeon Joo , Lee Kyoung Bun , Moon Kyoung Chul , Kang Hee Gyung , Ha Il‐Soo , Cheong Hae Il 
Published: February 2015

AbstractImmune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome (OMIM 304790) is a rare hereditary disorder of the immune regulatory system caused by FOXP3 mutations. The clinical features of this syndrome include a wide spectrum of severe autoimmune diseases and renal involvement, mostly due to tubulointerstitial diseases, in some patients. Glomerulopathy of membranous nephropathy (MN) and minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), however, have also been reported. We encountered two children with IPEX syndrome from the same family. Interestingly, they had different glomerular lesions: one had MN and the other had MCNS. Herein we describe the cases of these siblings and review the possible mechanisms for the development of two different renal lesions.
Buffering effect of parental engagement on the relationship between corporal punishment and children's emotional/behavioral problems
Authors: Tong Lian , Shinohara Ryoji , Sugisawa Yuka , Tanaka Emiko , Watanabe Taeko , Koeda Tatsuya , Anme Tokie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has established links between corporal punishment and children's developmental problems, but few studies have investigated the moderating effect of positive parenting between corporal punishment and children's developmental difficulties in detail. This study investigated the buffering effect of parental engagement on the association between corporal punishment and children's emotional/behavioral problems.MethodsThe main caregivers completed the Evaluation of Environmental Stimulation Scale (EES), which is an evaluation of daily parenting behaviors, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), which evaluates children's developmental problems.ResultsCorporal punishment was associated with worse emotional and behavioral problems in children, whereas parental engagement in games or sports was associated with fewer emotional symptoms. Similarly, parental engagement in homework or housework significantly moderated the association between corporal punishment and children's behavioral problems.ConclusionsParental engagement positively moderated the association between parental corporal punishment and children's developmental difficulties. This association varied with child gender.
Intravenous pentamidine for Pneumocystis carinii/jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in pediatric transplant patients
Authors: Clark Abigail , Hemmelgarn Trina , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Teusink Ashley 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSMX/TMP is the current gold standard for prophylaxis against PCP in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Currently, there are several second‐line options for prophylaxis but many, including intravenous (IV) pentamidine, have not been reported to be as effective or as safe as SMX/TMP in the pediatric transplant population. This study is to determine the efficacy and safety of IV pentamidine in preventing PCP in pediatric transplant patients. A retrospective chart review was conducted to evaluate all transplant patients that received at least one dose of IV pentamidine from January 2010 to July 2013. The primary outcome, IV pentamidine efficacy, was evaluated by the incidence of PCP diagnosis for 28 days after the last dose of IV pentamidine if patient was transitioned to another agent for PCP prophylaxis. Patients on IV pentamidine for entire course of PCP prophylaxis were followed at least six months after discontinuation of IV pentamidine. The safety of IV pentamidine was assessed by the incidence of adverse events leading to pentamidine discontinuation. All data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. All transplant patients at CCHMC who had received IV pentamidine were reviewed, and 333 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall incidence of PCP was found to be 0.3% for pediatric transplant patients on pentamidine. Pentamidine was found to be safe, and the incidence of adverse events leading to discontinuation was 6% with the most common reason being tachycardia 2.1%. IV pentamidine is safe and effective as PCP prophylaxis in pediatric transplant patients with a PCP breakthrough rate of 0.3% (1 of 333 patients), and only 20 adverse events led to discontinuation. We recommend that IV pentamidine be considered as a second‐line option in pediatric transplant patients who cannot tolerate SMX/TMP.
Task switching mediates direct interference of intertarget distractors in the attentional blink: An event‐related potential study
Authors: Brisson Benoit 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe attentional blink (AB) refers to the difficulty in reporting a second target (T2) presented shortly after a first target (T1) in a stream of distractors. The goal of the present study was to investigate distractor‐based interference in the AB by recording the P3 component of the event‐related potential to both targets. An intertarget distractor was presented at lag 1 (T1+1), at lag 2 (T1+2), or at neither of these two lags (no distractor). T2 was always presented at lag 3, as the last item in the stream. In two experiments, the P3 from T1 was attenuated in the T1+1 condition compared to the two other distractor conditions. In absence of a task switch (Experiment 1), the P3 from T2 was delayed in both the T1+1 and T1+2 conditions. In the presence of a task switch (Experiment 2), the P3 from T2 was delayed only in the T1+1 condition. Results demonstrate that intertarget distractors can modulate the AB directly but only in absence of a task switch.
T cell subsets in human airways prior to and following endobronchial administration of endotoxin
Authors: Ronit Andreas , Plovsing Ronni R. , Gaardbo Julie C. , Berg Ronan M.G. , Hartling Hans J. , Konge Lars , Iversen Martin , Ullum Henrik , Møller Kirsten , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBackground and objectivesBronchial instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provides a reversible model of lung inflammation that may resemble early stages of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We investigated the distributions of T‐cell subsets in the human airways and sought to determine whether pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory T cells are involved in the local immune response to lung inflammation.MethodsBronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 15 healthy volunteers, after which Escherichia coli LPS (4 ng/kg) was administered. BAL was repeated at 2, 4, 6, 8 or 24 h after instillation of LPS.ResultsBALF CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were characterized by expression of activation markers (HLA‐DR+CD38+), the proportion of cells expressing naïve markers (CD45RA+CD27+CCR7+) was lower, and that of cells expressing effector memory markers (CD45RA‐CD27+CCR7‐) was higher, compared with peripheral blood. Bronchial LPS induced a local inflammatory response with recruitment of CD4+ (P = 0.014), CD8+ T cells (P = 0.034), an increase in the proportion of CD4+CD25+CD127lowFoxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) (P = 0.045) and a tendency towards an increase in CD4+CD161+ cells (P = 0.071) were observed.ConclusionsA unique distribution of T cells with little day‐to‐day variation was found in human airways. An increase in Tregs after endobronchial LPS suggests a role for Tregs during early stages of pulmonary inflammation.
The Constitution of Trust: Function, Configuration and Generation of Trust in Alternative Food Networks
Authors: Thorsøe Martin , Kjeldsen Chris 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAlternative Food Networks (AFNs) are often mentioned as a way to reconfigure the link between producers and consumers and build trust in the food system. This article explores the function, configuration and generation of trust in AFNs. The structure is twofold. First we discuss the theoretical underpinnings of trust, in both recent AFN literature and in sociology, and develop a conceptual framework for analysing trust in AFNs. Second, we explore the function, configuration and generation of trust in the Food Communities of Copenhagen and Aarhus (in Danish: ‘Fødevarefællesskaberne’). The Food Communities are a network of urban consumers sourcing organic products from regional producers. Empirically, the article demonstrates how trust functions as a mechanism that creates coherency and which facilitates co‐operation in the food network. Furthermore, the Food Communities are characterised by high levels of systemic and personal trust. Several mechanisms, such as managing expectations, establishing trustworthiness, and developing a common normative basis, are employed and contribute to the generation and maintenance of trust.