bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to review submissions to peer reviewed journals: how do they do it?
Authors: Paltridge Brian 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine how reviewers for academic journals learn to carry out the task of peer review and the issues they face in doing this.Design/methodology/approachA total of 45 reviewers completed a questionnaire which asked about their experience in doing peer reviews, how they had learnt to do them, and the issues they faced in doing these reviews. Follow up emails were also sent to reviewers in order to seek further elaboration on the answers they had provided in the questionnaire.FindingsOver half of the reviewers had learnt to do reviews by reading reviews of their own submissions to peer‐reviewed journals. Others had learnt to write reviews by just doing them; that is, by practice. The most challenging aspect for the reviewers was writing reviewers' reports that were critical but still constructive. There was no consensus on the most straightforward aspects of writing peer reviews.Practical implicationsThe study has implications for reviewer development, proposing an experiential, “learning by doing” approach to the training of reviewers rather than a didactic, information transmission style one.Social implicationsThe study has implications for reviewer development, proposing an experiential, “learning by doing” approach to the training of reviewers rather than a didactic, information transmission style one.Originality/valueThe study provides insights into how reviewers learn to write peer reviews and the challenges they face in doing this. The paper also suggests strategies for improving reviewer development which can have benefits, especially for early career researchers.
Risks to auto sector recovery: bankruptcies of auto suppliers in East Asia and the USA
Authors: Platt Harlan , Platt Marjorie 
Published: August 2013

PurposeEarly warning models are a widely employed development in modern finance. A good early warning model predicts with a high degree of accuracy the likelihood that a healthy company will either go bankrupt or become financially distressed. Now that B2B companies supply products worldwide, the risk of disruptions to business continuity due to supplier failure is international. This paper aims to focus on early warning models.Design/methodology/approachThis paper extends the research comparing indicators of financial health to the subject of how industrial globalization affects early warning models. In specific, it considers models developed across two continents: North America and East Asia. The targets of the research are global auto suppliers, companies that deliver parts and equipment to original equipment auto manufacturers.FindingsThe findings are particularly important because of the collapse and resurrection of US original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The modeling effort tested the ability of a single global model of financial distress to capture the determinants of auto supplier health on the two continents. Individual models for each continent proved to be superior to a single model.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to compare bankruptcy models for auto suppliers between China and the USA.
Performance indicators and terminology for value driven maintenance
Authors: Stenström Christer , Parida Aditya , Kumar Uday , Galar Diego 
Published: August 2013

PurposeValue driven maintenance (VDM) is a fairly new maintenance management methodology based on four maintenance value drivers and the formula of net present value (NPV) to calculate the value of different maintenance strategies. However, the dependability of the engineering assets needs to be assessed in order to make an estimation of the NPV. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to critically analyse standardised indicators to find the most essential indicators for the four value drivers and for estimation of the NPV. Terminology containing performance drivers and killers are common in the field of asset management, but not many publications can be found for their detailed descriptions. One section in this paper is therefore dedicated to review these terms. A comprehensive description and classification of performance killers and drivers, and of indicators for VDM are presented in this paper.Design/methodology/approachReview of literature for technical terminology and review of standards for identification of indicators for maintenance performance measurement and NPV of maintenance.FindingsCommon description of technical terminology, as used by researchers, and identification of the most important indicators for maintenance performance measurement and the NPV of maintenance. Indicators classified under economic, technical, organizational and health, safety and environment (HSE) perspectives from EN 15341 standards are discussed and identified.Originality/valueDescription of emerging terminology in maintenance performance measurement adds to the consistency in communication of researchers and business stakeholders. Also, the identified maintenance performance indicators can facilitate performance measurement of organisations new to the process of measuring and analysing their performance.
Evaluation of milling characteristics of resin hybrid GFRP laminates using Taguchi approach
Authors: Jenarthanan M.P. , Jeyapaul R. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the preparation, characterisation and machinability of resin hybrid GFRP composites, which are made of glass fibre and the mixture of epoxy & polyester resin.Design/methodology/approachResin hybrid GFRP laminates containing 0, 20 and 40wt% of polyester resin with the epoxy resin are prepared by conventional hand layup technique using glass fibre as the reinforcement. The variation of break load and shear strength for three different combinations of epoxy and polyester resin are studied by ASTM. A plan of experiment based on Taguchi was established with prefixed cutting parameters and the machining was performed. A stylus type profilometer to examine the surface roughness and shop microscope to examine the delamination of resin hybrid GFRP laminates were used. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to investigate the cutting characteristics of resin hybrid GFRP composite materials using solid carbide end mill. The correlation was obtained by multiple‐variable linear regression using Minitab 14 software.FindingsTaguchi analysis reveals that the resin hybrid GFRP laminate provides better machinability in terms of surface roughness and delamination when compared to homogenous GFRP laminates (pure epoxy resin). Polyester resin enhances the machinability of the GFRP laminates.Research limitations/implicationsThe machinability of the resin hybrid GFRP laminates can be improved further by modifying the polyester resin percentage.Originality/valueThe resin hybrid GFRP laminates so developed can be used in aircraft and aerospace applications to increase the shear and work of fracture properties.
Effect of temperature on coating properties of shellac‐novolac blends
Authors: Fahim Ansari Mohammad , Sarkhel Gautam , Nath Goswami Dipendra , Baboo Bangali 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the properties of shellac by blending with novolac and to study the thermal behaviour of the blends with an ultimate aim to use as surface coating material.Design/methodology/approachNovolac was synthesized by reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in a molar ratio of 1:0.8, in acidic condition. Blending of shellac with novolac was done in solution and films of the blends, prepared on glass slides and tin panels, were baked at 150°C for 15 minutes. Properties of the films were studied as per standard procedures.FindingsFilms of shellac‐novolac blends showed improvement in gloss and impact resistance compared to those of shellac alone. Gloss of blends increased with the increase in concentration of novolac and further increased on baking the films. Scratch hardness of shellac decreased on blending with novolac. Baked films of the blends showed resistance to heat and water. Films of shellac‐novolac blends were found to be more resistant to polar solvents compared to non‐polar solvents.Research limitations/implicationsShellac, prepared from kusmi seedlac, was used in the study. Besides shellac, dewaxed decolorized lac (DDL), dewaxed lac (DL) and bleached lac (BL) could also be used for study on blending with novolac.Practical implicationsBlending of shellac with novolac improved the film properties of shellac. The study suggests that the compositions can be utilised in developing formulations of coating material with improved properties for metal surfaces.Originality/valueThe formulations based on modification of shellac with novolac and study of the film properties utilising various instruments are novel. The formulations based on shellac and novolac can find applications in the field of surface coating with desired purposes.
Radiation cured branched polyurethane for coatings
Authors: Manvi Gururaj N. , Jagtap Ramanand N. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to develop flexible as well as rigid polyurethane coating by using mixed polyol. It is developed by using low cost reactant such as polyether and introducing branching in it.Design/methodology/approachRadiation curable branched polyurethanes were synthesised. In this work, branched polyol was synthesised by using trimethylol propane (TMP) and reacted with adipic acid (AA), neopentyl glycol (NPG) (polyester) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) (polyether). These branched polyols were developed by varying ratio of polyether to polyester from 20:80, 40:60 and 55:45. These branched polyols were further reacted with isophorane di isocyanate (IPDI) and hydroxy ethyl metha acrylate (HEMA) to get vinyl terminated prepolymer.FindingsThe branched polyol due to presence of polyether offers excellent flexibility and polyester which provides excellent scratch, adhesion, and tensile strength. Use of reactive diluents is avoided, and its role is compensated by polyether in all systems, which takes care of reducing viscosity and improves flow and levelling properties.Practical implicationsSynthesis of branched polyol using polyesters and polyethers is more beneficial as it offers advantage of its combined property.Originality/valueThe polyurethane acrylate due to its polyol combination, branching and cross linking offers enhanced coating properties and can be used for various coating applications.
Comparison of trichiasis recurrence after primary bilamellar tarsal rotation or anterior lamellar repositioning surgery performed for trachoma
Authors: Barr Kieran , Essex Rohan W , Liu Susie , Henderson Tim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo compare the trichiasis recurrence rate following bilamellar tarsal rotation or anterior lamellar repositioning, performed as primary surgery for trachomatous trichiasis.DesignRetrospective consecutive case series.ParticipantsAll cases of trachomatous trichiasis undergoing primary surgical correction at Alice Springs Hospital, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia, between 1 June 2001 and 11 June 2011 were included.MethodsRetrospective chart review. Key baseline, operative and outcome details were collected from the notes.Main Outcome MeasureRecurrent trichiasis was defined as one or more lashes touching the cornea, resulting in recurrent symptoms of trichiasis and warranting further surgery in the opinion of the treating ophthalmologist.ResultsSixty‐seven BTR and eighteen ALR procedures were performed, with BTR being performed from 2001 to 2008, and ALR from 2008 to 2011. The mean follow‐up times were significantly different for the BTR group (1654 days) and for the ALR group (673 days)(P < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis did not reveal any significant differences in recurrence rate between the two procedures overall (P = 0.935). Analysis of the 2008 calendar year (the only year where both procedures were performed and therefore had equal follow‐up times) suggested that ALR might have a lower recurrence rate (1/10 ALR recurrences vs. 4/6 BTR recurrences, P = 0.181).ConclusionsThe results do not demonstrate a difference in the recurrence rate between the two techniques. Inconsistent follow times however leave uncertainty in this result, and a larger prospective randomised study is warranted to address this question.
Seed characterization and direct sowing of native grass species as a management tool
Authors: Aires S. S. , Sato M. N. , Miranda H. S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThere is insufficient information about germination, seed biology and seedling establishment of native grass species of the cerrado (Brazilian savannah) to recommend their use in restoration of disturbed areas. We evaluated the production, percentage of fertile seeds, germination, seedling growth and establishment in the field of eighteen native grass species and one exotic invasive species (Melinis minutiflora) and also the effects of different storage periods on germination. The percentage of fertile seeds varied from 6·0 to 94·2% among native species. Ten species produced a minimum of 800 fertile seeds per gram. Germination rate was in the range of 11·0 to 98·8%. Storage for 1 year reduced the germination rate in one species, did not affect germination of three species and increased germination (by 2–10 times) in 14 species. After 2 years of storage, six species showed reductions in germination. Three different patterns of resource allocation were observed and might provide mechanisms for increasing seedling establishment under different environmental conditions. In the field, only two species flowered in the first year after sowing and an additional eight in the second year of observation. Melinis minutiflora is an aggressive species with more than three times the fertile seed production of native species (2820 seeds per gram), high germination rate (55%) and a high number of germinable seeds (1551 per gram). Despite the wide variation in seed characteristics and the delay in flowering, it is concluded that most native grass species can be used in projects aiming at the restoration and management of degraded areas.
Virus infection, antiviral immunity, and autoimmunity
Authors: Getts Daniel R. , Chastain Emily M. L. , Terry Rachael L. , Miller Stephen D. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryAs a group of disorders, autoimmunity ranks as the third most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. However, the etiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown. Although genetic linkage studies support a critical underlying role for genetics, the geographic distribution of these disorders as well as the low concordance rates in monozygotic twins suggest that a combination of other factors including environmental ones are involved. Virus infection is a primary factor that has been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune disease. Infection triggers a robust and usually well‐coordinated immune response that is critical for viral clearance. However, in some instances, immune regulatory mechanisms may falter, culminating in the breakdown of self‐tolerance, resulting in immune‐mediated attack directed against both viral and self‐antigens. Traditionally, cross‐reactive T‐cell recognition, known as molecular mimicry, as well as bystander T‐cell activation, culminating in epitope spreading, have been the predominant mechanisms elucidated through which infection may culminate in an T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune response. However, other hypotheses including virus‐induced decoy of the immune system also warrant discussion in regard to their potential for triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which virus infection and antiviral immunity contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
Ontogenetic variation in epibiont community structure in the deep‐sea yeti crab,Kiwa puravida: convergence among crustaceans
Authors: Goffredi Shana K. , Gregory Ann , Jones William J. , Morella Norma M. , Sakamoto Reid I. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent investigations have demonstrated that unusually ‘hairy’ yeti crabs within the family Kiwaidae associate with two predominant filamentous bacterial families, the Epsilon and Gammaproteobacteria. These analyses, however, were based on samples collected from a single body region, the setae of pereopods. To more thoroughly investigate the microbiome associated withKiwa puravida, a yeti crab species from Costa Rica, we utilized barcoded 16SrRNAamplicon pyrosequencing, as well as microscopy and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results indicate that, indeed, the bacterial community on the pereopods is far less diverse than on the rest of the body (Shannon indices ranged from 1.30–2.02 and 2.22–2.66, respectively). Similarly, the bacterial communities associated with juveniles and adults were more complex than previously recognized, with as many as 46 bacterial families represented. Ontogenetic differences in the microbial community, from egg to juvenile to adult, included a dramatic under‐representation of the Helicobacteraceae and higher abundances of both Thiotrichaceae and Methylococcaceae for the eggs, which paralleled patterns observed in another bacteria–crustacean symbiosis. The degree to which abiotic and biotic feedbacks influence the bacterial community on the crabs is still not known, but predictions suggest that both the local environment and host‐derived factors influence the establishment and maintenance of microbes associated with the surfaces of aquatic animals.
VII. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): FACTOR STRUCTURE FOR 3 TO 15 YEAR OLDS
Authors: Mungas Dan , Widaman Keith , Zelazo Philip David , Tulsky David , Heaton Robert K. , Slotkin Jerry , Blitz David L. , Gershon Richard C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTConfirmatory factor analysis was used the evaluate the dimensional structure underlying the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (CB) and the measures chosen to serve as concurrent validity criteria for the NIH Toolbox CB. These results were used to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the CB in children ranging from 3 to 15 years of age. Results were evaluated separately for a 3‐ to 6‐year‐old group and a 8‐ to 15‐year‐old group because different validation measures were used in these age groups. Three distinct dimensions were found for the 3‐ to 6‐year‐old group: Vocabulary, Reading, and Fluid Abilities. Five dimensions were found for 8–15 year olds: Vocabulary, Reading, Episodic Memory, Working Memory, and Executive Function/Processing Speed. CB measures and their validation analogues consistently defined common factors in a pattern that broadly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the CB, but results showed higher intercorrelation and less differentiation of cognitive dimensions in younger than in older children and in older children compared with adults. Age was strongly related to the cognitive dimensions underlying test performance in both groups of children and results are consistent with broader literature showing increasing differentiation of cognitive abilities associated with the rapid brain development that occurs from early childhood into adulthood.
IX. NIH TOOLBOX COGNITION BATTERY (CB): SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Bauer Patricia J. , Zelazo Philip David 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis monograph describes the creation of the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIH Toolbox CB) and reports validation data for children ages 3–15 years. Individual chapters described measures of executive function, episodic memory, language, working memory, speed of processing, and attention. Separate chapters were devoted to the factor structure of the test battery and composite measures of cognitive health (Total Composite, Fluid Composite, Crystallized Composite). In all cases, the NIH Toolbox CB measures showed sensitivity to age‐related changes across the 3‐ to 15‐year range as well as test/retest reliability. The measures also demonstrated adequate to excellent convergent validity, and there was evidence of greater discriminant validity among older than younger children. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed five‐ and three‐factor models for the older (8–15 year olds) and younger (3–6 year olds) children, respectively. The correlation between the Fluid and Crystallized Composite scores was higher among the younger than the older children. The overall pattern is suggestive of greater differentiation of cognitive abilities with age. The strong psychometric properties of the CB and its apparent sensitivity to patterns of developmental change suggest that it is an important advance in the study of cognitive development and has the potential to substantially accelerate discoveries through use of common methods across disparate laboratories and even disciplines.
EuroFIR: Where we are now?
Authors: Gibson‐Moore H. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEuroFIR (European Food Information Resource) Association Internationale Sans But Lucratif (AISBL) is an international non‐profit association to ensure sustained advocacy for food information in Europe. This article describes the importance of providing up‐to‐date food composition data and summarises the history of EuroFIR from its inception to its end (2005–2010), including the British Nutrition Foundation's involvement in the project. Also highlighted are the main EU projects that EuroFIR is/has been involved in, along with the many benefits that EuroFIR continues to offer its members.
Natural variation and artificial selection in four genes determine grain shape in rice
Authors: Lu Li , Shao Di , Qiu Xianjin , Sun Liang , Yan Wenhao , Zhou Xiangchun , Yang Lin , He Yuqing , Yu Sibin , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: August 2013

Summary

The size of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) grains has been altered by both domestication and artificial selection over the course of evolutionary history. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for grain size have been cloned in the past 10 yr. To explore the natural variation in these QTLs, resequencing of grain width and weight 2 (GW2), grain size 5 (GS5) and QTL for seed width 5 (qSW5) and genotyping of grain size 3 (GS3) were performed in the germplasms of 127 varieties of rice (O. sativa) and 10–15 samples of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon).

Ten, 10 and 15 haplotypes were observed for GW2, GS5 and qSW5. qSW5 and GS3 had the strongest effects on grain size, which have been widely utilized in rice production, whereas GW2 and GS5 showed more modest effects.

GS5 showed small sequence variations in O. sativa germplasm and that of its progenitor O. rufipogon. qSW5 exhibited the highest level of nucleotide diversity. GW2 showed signs of purifying selection. The four grain size genes experienced different selection intensities depending on their genetic effects. In the indica population, linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected among GS3, qSW5 and GS5.

The substantial genetic variation in these four genes provides the flexibility needed to design various rice grain shapes. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary features of grain size genes in rice.