bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
JDMM
Authors: Zakkak Foivos S. , Pratikakis Polyvios 
Published: May 2015

As the number of cores continuously grows, processor designers are considering non coherent memories as more scalable and energy efficient alternatives to the current coherent ones. The Java Memory Model (JMM) requires that all cores can access the Java heap. It guarantees sequential consistency for data-race-free programs and no out-of-thin-air values for non data-race-free programs. To implement the Java Memory Model over non-cache-coherent and distributed architectures Java Virtual Machines (JVMs) are most likely to employ software caching.
In this work, i) we provide a formalization of the Java Memory Model for non-cache-coherent and distributed memory architectures, ii) prove the adherence of our model with the Java Memory Model and iii) evaluate, regarding its compliance to the Java Memory Model, a state-of-the-art Java Virtual Machine implementation on a non-cache-coherent architecture.
Targeting Heat-Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) as a Complementary Strategy to Immune Checkpoint Blockade for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Proia David A. , Kaufmann Gunnar F. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The demonstration that immune checkpoint blockade can meaningfully improve outcomes for cancer patients has revolutionized the field of immuno-oncology. New biologic agents targeting specific checkpoints have shown remarkable durability in terms of patient response and, importantly, exhibit clinical activity across a range of human malignancies, including many that have traditionally proven refractory to other immunotherapies. In this rapidly evolving area, a key consideration relates to the identification of novel combinatorial strategies that exploit existing or investigational cancer therapies in order to optimize patient outcomes and the proportion of individuals able to derive benefit from this approach. In this regard, heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) represents an important emerging target for cancer therapy because its inactivation results in the simultaneous blockade of multiple signaling pathways and can sensitize tumor cells to other anticancer agents. Within the context of immunology, HSP90 plays a dual regulatory role, with its functional inhibition resulting in both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. In this Cancer Immunology at the Crossroads overview, the anticancer activity profile of targeted HSP90 inhibitors is discussed along with their paradoxical roles in immunology. Overall, we explore the rationale for combining the modalities of HSP90 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade in order to augment the antitumor immune response in cancer. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(6); 583–9. ©2015 AACR.
Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α Underlies Loss of Cortical Dendritic Spine Density in a Mouse Model of Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Meissner Anja , Visanji Naomi P. , Momen M. Abdul , Feng Rui , Francis Beverly M. , Bolz Steffen‐Sebastian , Hazrati Lili‐Naz 
Published: May 2015

Background

Heart failure (
HF
) is a progressive disorder characterized by reduced cardiac output and increased peripheral resistance, ultimately leading to tissue perfusion deficits and devastating consequences for several organs including the brain. We previously described a tumor necrosis factor‐α (
TNF‐
α)–dependent enhancement of posterior cerebral artery tone and concomitant reduced cerebral blood flow in a mouse model of early
HF
in which blood pressure remains minimally affected.
HF
is often associated with cognitive impairments such as memory deficits, even before any overt changes in brain structure and function occur. The pathophysiology underlying the development of
cognitive impairments
in
HF
is unknown, and appropriate treatment strategies are lacking.

Methods and Results

We used a well‐established mouse model in which
HF
was induced by experimental myocardial infarction produced by permanent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (infarct size ≈25% of the left ventricular wall). Ligated mice developed enlarged hearts, congested lungs, and reduced cardiac output and blood pressure, with elevated peripheral resistance within 6 to 8 weeks after ligation. In this study, we demonstrated the significance of the proinflammatory cytokine
TNF
‐α during
HF
‐mediated neuroinflammation and associated impaired hippocampus‐independent nonspatial episodic memory function. Augmented cerebral
TNF
‐α expression and microglial activation in
HF
mice, indicative of brain inflammation, were accompanied by morphological changes and significant reduction of cortical dendritic spines (61.39±8.61% for basal and 61.04±9.18% for apical spines [
P
<0.001]). The significance of
TNF
‐α signaling during the observed
HF
‐mediated neurodegenerative processes is supported by evidence showing that sequestration or genetic deletion of
TNF
‐α ameliorates the observed reduction of cortical dendritic spines (33.51±7.63% for basal and 30.13±6.98% for apical spines in wild‐type mice treated with etanercept; 17.09±6.81% for basal and 17.21±7.29% for apical spines in
TNF‐
α
−/−
). Moreover, our data suggest that alterations in cerebral serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SgK1) expression and phosphorylation during
HF
may be
TNF
‐α dependent and that an increase of SgK1 phosphorylation potentially plays a role in the
HF
‐associated reduction of dendritic spine density.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that
TNF
‐α plays a pivotal role in
HF
‐mediated neuroinflammation and associated alterations of cortical dendritic spine density and has the potential to reveal novel treatment strategies for
HF
‐associated memory deficits.
High- and Low-Order Overtaking-Ability Affordances
Authors: Basilio Numa , Morice Antoine H. P. , Marti Geoffrey , Montagne Gilles 
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to answer the question, Do drivers take into account the action boundaries of their car when overtaking? Background: The Morice et al. affordance-based approach to visually guided overtaking suggests that the “overtake-ability” affordance can be formalized as the ratio of the “minimum satisfying velocity” (MSV) of the maneuver to the maximum velocity ( Vmax) of the driven car. In this definition, however, the maximum acceleration ( Amax) of the vehicle is ignored. We hypothesize that drivers may be sensitive to an affordance redefined with the ratio of the “minimum satisfying acceleration” (MSA) to the Amax of the car. Method: Two groups of nine drivers drove cars differing in their Amax. They were instructed to attempt overtaking maneuvers in 25 situations resulting from the combination of five MSA and five MSV values. Results: When overtaking frequency was expressed as a function of MSV and MSA, maneuvers were found to be initiated differently for the two groups. However, when expressed as a function of MSV/ Vmax and MSA/ Amax, overtaking frequency was quite similar for both groups. Finally, a multiple regression coefficient analysis demonstrated that overtaking decisions are fully explained by a composite variable comprising MSA/ Amax and the time required to reach MSV. Conclusion: Drivers reliably decide whether overtaking is safe (or not) by using low- and high-order variables taking into account their car’s maximum velocity and acceleration, respectively, as predicted by “affordance-based control” theory. Application: Potential applications include the design of overtaking assistance, which should exploit the MSA/ Amax variables in order to suggest perceptually relevant overtaking solutions.
Stress and Faith: An Inversely Proportional Relationship?
Authors: Shields Marion 
Published: May 2015

This research study investigated stress and coping amongst the principals of a small, national, Christian, independent school system. Using an approach combining questionnaires and in-depth interviews, school principals' stressors and their reactions to these stressors were examined. The study also explored the coping strategies they used to reduce or manage their stress. Forty seven principals participated in the study and 23 nominated for in-depth interviews. This paper focuses on a small group of eight (17%) who emerged from the data by indicating a very low stress level combined with a very high level of job-satisfaction. This group's practices, beliefs and values together with their perceptions about their low stress levels coupled with high satisfaction levels were examined initially through survey and then discussed in depth through extensive phone interviews with the individual participants. This small group attributed their low stress levels to their Christian faith and perspectives which they incorporated into their daily professional lives.
Teaching Bioethics—A Christian Approach in a Pluralistic Age
Authors: Yap Siew 
Published: May 2015

With the re-emergence of values education in the school curriculum in the last decade, science is viewed as one of the key teaching domains in which students can explore underlying beliefs and values and develop reasoning and critical thinking skills to make informed decisions on socio-scientific issues. This paper considers these issues and highlights the importance of integrating Christian values in science education in the field of biotechnology. An investigation of the use of ethical frameworks in the teaching of bioethics is outlined. The research supports the proposition that the use of such frameworks assists students in the ethical reasoning process in dealing with socio-scientific issues.
The Relevance of a Christian Philosophy of Education
Authors: Hogg Anna C. 
Published: May 2015

This article appeared in the Journal of Christian Education in June 1962 (vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 5–19). At that time, Dr Anna Hogg, B.A., Dip.Ed. (Sydney), B.Ed. (Melbourne), Ph.D. (London), F.A.C.E., was Senior Lecturer in Education at Sydney Teachers' College, and also the founding editor of this journal. Anna later became Head of the Department of Education at Sydney Teachers' College, a position she held until the end of 1972. From 1973–80 she was the chairperson of the Council of the Goulburn College of Advanced Education. This article is the transcript of the Fourth I.V.F Annual Lecture delivered at the University of Western Australia on 14 October, 1961. Its contents were considerably influential at the time, contributing to the thinking of a number of educators whose names have become associated with significant Christian thinking about education, including two whose articles also appear in this issue – Bill Andersen and Brian Hill. The concerns and directions raised by Anna almost 40 years ago are still relevant ones, despite – alas – notably few educationists exploring them in relevant and appropriate ways.
Burden of risk variants correlates with phenotype of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hilven Kelly , Patsopoulos Nikolaos A , Dubois Bénédicte , Goris An 
Published: May 2015

Background: More than 100 common variants underlying multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility have been identified, but their effect on disease phenotype is still largely unknown. Objective: The objective of this paper is to assess whether the cumulative genetic risk score of currently known susceptibility variants affects clinical presentation. Methods: A cumulative genetic risk score was based on four human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and 106 non-HLA risk loci genotyped or imputed in 842 Belgian MS patients and 321 controls. Non-parametric analyses were applied. Results: An increased genetic risk is observed for MS patients, including subsets such as oligoclonal band-negative and primary progressive MS patients, compared to controls. Within the patient group, a stronger association between HLA risk variants and the presence of oligoclonal bands, an increased immunoglobulin G (IgG) index and female gender was apparent. Results suggest an association between a higher accumulation of non-HLA risk variants and increased relapse rate as well as shorter relapse-free intervals after disease onset. Conclusion: MS patients display a significantly increased genetic risk compared to controls, irrespective of disease course or presence of oligoclonal bands. Whereas the cumulative burden of non-HLA risk variants appears to be reflected in the relapses of MS patients, the HLA region influences intrathecal IgG levels.
Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study
Authors: Cortese Marianna , Riise Trond , Bjørnevik Kjetil , Holmøy Trygve , Kampman Margitta T , Magalhaes Sandra , Pugliatti Maura , Wolfson Christina , Myhr Kjell-Morten 
Published: May 2015

Background: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), although it remains unknown whether this relationship varies by age. Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between vitamin D3 supplementation through cod liver oil at different postnatal ages and MS risk. Methods: In the Norwegian component of the multinational case-control study Environmental Factors In Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS), a total of 953 MS patients with maximum disease duration of 10 years and 1717 controls reported their cod liver oil use from childhood to adulthood. Results: Self-reported supplement use at ages 13–18 was associated with a reduced risk of MS (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.86), whereas supplementation during childhood was not found to alter MS risk (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81–1.26), each compared to non-use during the respective period. An inverse association was found between MS risk and the dose of cod liver oil during adolescence, suggesting a dose-response relationship ( p trend = 0.001) with the strongest effect for an estimated vitamin D3 intake of 600–800 IU/d (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.70). Conclusions: These findings not only support the hypothesis relating to low vitamin D as a risk factor for MS, but further point to adolescence as an important susceptibility period for adult-onset MS.
Thermal behaviour of alum-(K) KAl(SO4)2·12H2O fromin situlaboratory high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction data: thermal expansion and modelling of the sulfate orientational disorder
Authors: Ballirano Paolo 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe present work analyses the thermal behaviour of alum-(K), KAl(SO4)2·12H2O, by in situ laboratory high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction data from 303 K to melting, which starts at 355 K and is completed, due to kinetics, at 359 K. The calculated a0linear thermal expansion coefficient is of 14.68(11) × 10–6K–1within the investigated thermal range. Thekdisorder parameter, describing the extension of the orientational disorder of the sulfate group, has been found to decrease from ∼0.70 to ∼0.65 just before melting. It has been demonstrated that the occurrence of the disorder implies the coexistence of K+ions in both six- and seven-fold coordination. This is necessary for assigning a reasonable bond-valence sum of 0.81 valence units (vu) to the 'average' K+ion a instead of 0.66 vu, which is obtained in the case of six-fold coordination alone. We can describe the temperature dependence of k from 93–355Kby means of the empirical equation k = 0.798(12) + 2.5(11) × 10–4T– 1.9(2) × 10–6T2, which includes reference low-temperature data. Bond-valence analysis has shown that, on cooling, an increase of thekdisorder parameter and shortening of the K–O2bond distance act together to maintain constancy in the bond-valence sum at the K site, stabilizing the structure. Therefore, the need for keeping the 'average' K+ion at a reasonable bond-valence sum appears to be the driving force for the ordering process involving the sulfate group.
A deliberative approach to valuation and precautionary management of cold water corals in Norway
Authors: Falk-Andersson Jannike , Foley Naomi S , Armstrong Claire W , van den Hove Sybille , van Rensburg Thomas M , Tinch Rob 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper explores management challenges in relation to human impacts on cold water corals (CWC) in Norway. CWC are a slow growing organism about which there is uncertainty regarding distribution and values. We discuss area closures to protect this environmental public good against destructive fishing practices. Focus groups were combined with questionnaires to inform precautionary management measures that can be used to protect known CWC as well as areas where CWC are thought to exist. The research finds that respondents believe CWC are valuable and should be protected, but that this requires information on their presence and importance. Furthermore, priorities for protecting CWC differed between group discussions and the questionnaire responses. Use-values, particularly habitat supporting fish production, dominated the focus group discussions, while non-use and intrinsic values were emphasised in the questionnaire responses. Respondents rejected the use of the precautionary measure of temporary closures to gain information on CWC presence. Reasons were costs to fishers, and the rejection of the premise that precautionary closures would prevent further damage. This study shows that both use- and non-use values are effective arguments motivating people to support policies for nature protection. However, they are not sufficient to motivate support for precautionary measures that would provide significant but uncertain benefits for known costs. To motivate support for precautionary policies, there is a need to communicate better the types of organisms, services and values that may be lost without protection.
Militarizing Dollar Diplomacy in the Early Twentieth-Century Dominican Republic: Centralization and Resistance
Authors: Tillman Ellen D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the early 1900s, the US government experimented with what they saw as a progressive style of influence in the Dominican Republic. While the Roosevelt and Taft administrations sought alternatives to armed intervention, US officers serving as diplomats pushed for more direct military control, through projects such as the creation of a US-officered frontier guard. Established in 1905 to police revenue along the Dominican-Haitian border, this unique organization had neither precedent nor sanction in international law, but it demonstrated the makeshift Caribbean policy of an expanding United States — and how this expansion gradually militarized diplomacy. Paternalist discourse and rapid economic change perpetuated internal strife, eventually contributing to bloody civil war and outright US military occupation (1916–1924). This article explores the development of the frontier guard and interventionism, focusing on the roles of Dominican economic and political change and contemporary US expansionist ideology, with its goal of exporting US-style democratic institutions.
Capitalism’s Wishful Thinking
Authors: Cohen-Vrignaud Gerard 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The magical orientalism that saturates Honoré de Balzac’s Peau de chagrin (1831), seemingly at odds with its author’s reputation for sociological realism, indicts the capitalist ambitions ushered in by France’s bourgeois July Monarchy. Balzac’s ironic orientalization of Paris demystifies the bildungsroman’s typically self-made protagonist by foregrounding how the probabilistic attribution of causal force to the human will resembles predestinarian belief in divine determination. The Eastern wish-fulfilling skin of Balzac’s title at once hyperbolizes the liberal fantasy of world-changing power and skeptically suggests that all aspirations to agency entail a leap of faith.
Sin and Structure inPiers Plowman: On the Medieval Split Subject
Authors: Miller Mark 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe inevitable emerges in this issue as a name for the troubled intersection of agency and structural necessity. The most prominent medieval name for that intersection is sin. Far from grounding the medieval subject in a set of theological norms that give it stable coordinates for desire and action, sin indicates the subject’s splitting by the norms that organize it. Piers Plowman, which explores the medieval split subject through formal experimentation, repeatedly encounters the demands of political, ethical, economic, and spiritual life and repeatedly problematizes all its terms for representing the subject’s responsibility to those demands. The death drive offers a way of describing the trajectory of desire beyond anything representable, a trajectory that finds its most direct expression in the poem’s apocalyptic energies. But Piers Plowman treats even the apocalypse as an anticlimactic avoidance of the bind of desire. If desire drives beyond any terms in which its target can be represented, what compels William Langland is finally the unrelenting character of the demands to which the subject can never be adequate.
Satire and the “Inevitability Effect”: The Structure of Utopian Fiction from Looking Backward to Portlandia
Authors: Courtemanche Eleanor 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In the late nineteenth century the literary genre of utopia enjoyed a boom inspired by the success of Edward Bellamy’s 1888 Looking Backward, 2000–1887. These stories, including novels by William Morris and H. G. Wells, often featured a cicerone who explained how disordered nineteenth-century societies were transformed into superior future worlds. Because this utopian didacticism, inspired by Karl Marx, fell quickly out of fashion and was parodied ruthlessly by twentieth-century dystopias, it is hard to imagine how the form could be revived. However, the TV show Portlandia, which premiered in 2011, avoids the future-oriented “inevitability effect” of the fin de siècle utopias by returning to an earlier moment in the utopian genre: the satirizing of a society somewhere on Earth. Portlandia presents a lightly fictionalized version of Portland, Oregon, as a happy, inclusive, and prosperous town whose inhabitants are free to pursue their visions. Its “cringe comedy” satire of self-involvement complicates, but does not substantially undermine, its depiction of a peaceful alternative to the militarized American imagination of the early 2000s.
Regulation of lipid droplet dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae depends on the Rab7-like Ypt7p, HOPS complex and V1-ATPase
Authors: Bouchez Isabelle , Pouteaux Marie , Canonge Michel , Genet Mélanie , Chardot Thierry , Guillot Alain , Froissard Marine 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
It has now been clearly shown that lipid droplets (LDs) play a dynamic role in the cell. This was reinforced by LD proteomics which suggest that a significant number of trafficking proteins are associated with this organelle. Using microscopy, we showed that LDs partly co-localize with the vacuole in S. cerevisiae. Immunoblot experiments confirmed the association of the vacuolar Rab GTPase Rab7-like Ypt7p with LDs. We observed an increase in fatty acid content and LD number in ypt7Δ mutant and also changes in LD morphology and intra LD fusions, revealing a direct role for Ypt7p in LD dynamics. Using co-immunoprecipitation, we isolated potential Ypt7p partners including, Vma13p, the H subunit of the V1 part of the vacuolar (H+) ATPase (V-ATPase). Deletion of the VMA13 gene, as well as deletion of three other subunits of the V1 part of the V-ATPase, also increased the cell fatty acid content and LD number. Mutants of the Homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex showed similar phenotypes. Here, we demonstrated that LD dynamics and membrane trafficking between the vacuole and LDs are regulated by the Rab7-like Ypt7p and are impaired when the HOPS complex and the V1 domain of the V-ATPase are defective.
Oxidative Intramolecular C–C Bond Formation Reaction of 1,2-Bis(pyren-2-yl)benzene: Synthesis and Characterization of Benzodinaphthopentaphene
Authors: Yamashita Ken-ichi , Nakamura Akihiro , Hossain Md Awlad , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Shimizu Toshio , Sugiura Ken-ichi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
An intramolecular oxidative C–C bond formation reaction of a 1,2-bis(pyren-2-yl)benzene derivative gave benzodinaphthopentaphene, a new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Its expanded π-system induced a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum and amphoteric multi redox processes in electrochemistry. Furthermore, the [5]helicene moiety of the molecule induced helical chirality.