bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 11 Geology, volcanic history and petrology of Vulcano (central Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: De Astis G. , Lucchi F. , Dellino P. , La Volpe L. , Tranne C. A. , Frezzotti M. L. , Peccerillo A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Vulcano is an active NW–SE-elongated composite volcano located in the central Aeolian archipelago. Based on available radiometric ages and tephrochronology, the exposed volcanism started at
c.
127 ka and spread through eight Eruptive Epochs separated by volcano-tectonic events and major quiescent stages. Various eruptive centres and two intersecting multi-stage calderas resulted from such evolution. Vulcano geological history displays several changes of eruption magnitude, eruption styles and composition of magmas through time. Vulcano rocks range from basalt to rhyolite and show variable alkali contents, roughly increasing during time. Magmas with low to intermediate SiO
2
contents and high-K to shoshonite affinity prevail in the early Epochs 1–5 (
c.
127–28 ka), whereas intermediate to high-SiO
2
shoshonite and potassic alkaline products dominate the last three Epochs (<30 ka). This sharp increase in silicic products is related to the shallowing of the plumbing system and resulting major role of the differentiation processes in shallow-level reservoirs. Radiogenic isotope compositions are variable (
87
Sr/
86
Sr=0.70424–0.70587,
143
Nd/
144
Nd=0.51254–0.51276,
206
Pb/
204
Pb=19.305–19.759,
207
Pb/
204
Pb=15.659–15.752,
208
Pb/
204
Pb=39.208–39.559) as a result of both source heterogeneities and shallow-level interaction of magmas with continental crust. The compositional variations of mafic magmatism with time suggest that the source zone changed from a metasomatized, fertile, ocean island basalt- (OIB-) like mantle to a metasomatized depleted lithospheric mantle.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Vulcano is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included is a full geochemical data set for Vulcano.
Chapter 12 Geological history of the Panarea volcanic group (eastern Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: Lucchi F. , Tranne C. A. , Peccerillo A. , Keller J. , Rossi P. L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The Panarea volcanic group is made up of dome-fields that are the subaerial culminations of a largely dissected volcanic complex mostly located below sea level. The correlation of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5 marine terrace deposits and numerous tephra layers, combined with the available radiometric ages, shows that the Panarea dome-fields mostly developed between
c.
155–149 and 124–118 ka through the emplacement of successive lava domes, lava flows and minor pyroclastic products, interrupted by dormant periods and episodes of faulting in a context of regional uplift, plus volcano-related deformation. Recurrent explosive phases subsequently occurred in the area of minor islets at
c.
100 ka (Punta Falcone), 67–56 ka (p
1
) and 24–8.7 ka (Drauto), together with the emission of the
c.
54 ka Basiluzzo dome. The Panarea volcanic group is presently in a quiescent state with fumarolic activity and episodic gas outbursts. Panarea rocks show basaltic andesite and high-K basaltic andesite to high-K dacite and rhyolite compositions, with minor shoshonites. Radiogenic isotope signatures range between those typical of the western Aeolian islands and Stromboli. This reveals a heterogeneous mantle source, which resulted from migration of more primitive asthenospheric mantle from the west during slab rollback, and its admixture with more strongly contaminated Stromboli-type resident mantle.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Panarea is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included is a full geochemical data set for the Panarea volcanic group.
Chapter 2 Kinematics of the Aeolian volcanism (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea) from geophysical and geological data
Authors: Ventura Guido 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The Aeolian volcanism (
c.
1 Ma active) develops within the Africa–Eurasia convergence setting, which is characterized by the subduction of the Ionian plate below the Calabrian Arc. Deep earthquakes occur to the east of a tear fault that divides the Aeolian Islands into two sectors: (a) an eastern sector characterized by active volcanism, reduced crustal thickness, high seismic flux, low P-wave velocity (Vp) and attenuation (Qp) and NE–SW extension; (b) a western sector where a NNW–SSE compressive strain along a WNW–ESE-striking fault system is acting. The geophysical and structural features of the eastern sector are consistent with upwelling and SE migration of the asthenospheric mantle. The extensional and strike-slip strain allow the magma to upraise along dyke-like conduits and to erupt. Earthquake-induced strain changes may trigger volcanic eruptions and degassing episodes. The oldest volcanism (Pliocene–Early Pleistocene) was controlled by a WNW–ESE-striking tear fault related to the SE rollback of the slab. A new tear, the Tindari–Letojanni Fault System, started during the Middle–Late Pleistocene and represents the active western boundary of the subducting slab. The present-day Aeolian volcanism is associated with rifting processes developing within an arc collision zone.
Chapter 5 Stratigraphic methodology for the geological mapping of volcanic areas: insights from the Aeolian archipelago (southern Italy)
Authors: Lucchi F. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A stratigraphic approach to geological fieldwork and mapping of the Aeolian archipelago is performed by primarily using unconformity-bounded units (UBUs) in addition to lithosomes and classical lithostratigraphic units, which are the basic mappable units. Lithosomes are largely used to identify the localization of eruptive vents or non-volcanic source areas through time. The UBUs display an encompassing framework of correlation on a scale from local (single islands) to regional (Aeolian archipelago), by placing particular emphasis on the stratigraphic role played by Late Quaternary marine terrace deposits and widespread tephra layers (e.g. Brown Tuffs). By establishing a direct relationship between UBUs and time-stratigraphic units, the volcanic successions are readable in terms of different and successive Eruptive Epochs (separated by prolonged non-volcanic periods), which are characterized by distinctive eruptive vents and eruption types. As such, the UBUs allow the reconstruction of the main steps of geological evolution of a volcano as the result of the interplay between volcanic activity of local and external provenance, sea-level fluctuations and volcano-tectonic or regional fault lineaments.
Chapter 7 Volcanism, calderas and magmas of the Alicudi composite volcano (western Aeolian archipelago)
Authors: Lucchi F. , Peccerillo A. , Tranne C. A. , Rossi P. L. , Frezzotti M. L. , Donati C. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

The Alicudi composite volcano (western Aeolian archipelago) was constructed between
c.
106 and 28 ka by lava flows, domes and strombolian scoriae erupted during six Eruptive Epochs, interrupted by periods of dormancy and three caldera-type collapses in the summit area. Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a (81 ka) terrace deposits and widespread Brown Tuffs of external origin are recognized and provide important marker beds for regional stratigraphic correlations. Volcanism was of central type, under control of the summit caldera collapses with negligible influence of regional tectonic trends. Alicudi rocks are basaltic to high-K andesitic and have the most primitive petrological compositions (high MgO, Ni, Cr contents), the lowest Sr–O and the highest Nd–He isotope ratios (
87
Sr/
86
Sr=0.70352 to 0.70410;
143
Nd/
144
Nd=0.51289 to 0.51279; δ
18
O=+5.0 to 5.6;
3
He/
4
He–R/Ra=
c.
6.5 to 7.1) over the entire Aeolian archipelago. Their composition and variation through time are the result of polybaric crystal–liquid fractionation of parental calc-alkaline basalts to give basaltic andesitic and andesitic derivative melts. These underwent crustal assimilation during ascent, with basalts being contaminated more strongly than andesitic magmas. Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes suggest source metasomatic modification by fluids from an oceanic-type slab, with a minor role for subducted sediments.

DVD:

The 10 000 scale geological map of Alicudi is included on the DVD in the printed book and can also be accessed online at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Memoir37-electronic
. Also included is a geochemical dataset for Alicudi.
Dyslipidemia, Coronary Artery Calcium, and Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Martin Seth S. , Blaha Michael J. , Blankstein Ron , Agatston Arthur , Rivera Juan J. , Virani Salim S. , Ouyang Pamela , Jones Steven R. , Blumenthal Roger S. , Budoff Matthew J. , Nasir Khurram 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Worldwide clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia emphasize allocating statin therapy to those at the highest absolute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.

Methods and Results—
We examined 5534 Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants who were not on baseline medications for dyslipidemia. Participants were classified by baseline coronary artery calcium (CAC) score (>0, ≥100) and the common clinical scheme of counting lipid abnormalities (LA), including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <1.03 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) for men or <1.29 mmol/L (50 mg/dL) for women, and triglycerides ≥1.69 mmol/L (150 mg/dL). Our main outcome measure was incident CVD (myocardial infarction, angina resulting in revascularization, resuscitated cardiac arrest, stroke, cardiovascular death). Over a median follow-up of 7.6 years, more than half of events (55%) occurred in the 21% of participants with CAC ≥100. Conversely, 65% of events occurred in participants with 0 or 1 LA. In those with CAC ≥100, CVD rates ranged from 22.7 to 29.5 per 1000 person-years across LA categories. In contrast, with CAC=0, CVD rates ranged from 2.7 to 5.9 per 1000 person-years across LA categories. Individuals with 0 LA and CAC ≥100 had a higher event rate compared with individuals with 3 LA but CAC=0 (22.7 versus 5.9 per 1000 person-years). Similar results were obtained when we classified LA using data set quartiles of total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein particle concentration and guideline categories of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Conclusions—
CAC may have the potential to help match statin therapy to absolute CVD risk. Across the spectrum of dyslipidemia, event rates similar to secondary prevention populations were observed for patients with CAC ≥100.
Genetic Polymorphisms Regulating Dopamine Signaling in the Frontal Cortex Interact to Affect Target Detection under High Working Memory Load
Authors: Smith Christopher T. , Swift-Scanlan Theresa , Boettiger Charlotte A. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Frontal-dependent task performance is typically modulated by dopamine (DA) according to an inverted-U pattern, whereby intermediate levels of DA signaling optimizes performance. Numerous studies implicate trait differences in DA signaling based on differences in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene in executive function task performance. However, little work has investigated genetic variations in DA signaling downstream from COMT. One candidate is the DA- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of molecular weight 32 kDa (DARPP-32), which mediates signaling through the D1-type DA receptor, the dominant DA receptor in the frontal cortex. Using an n-back task, we used signal detection theory to measure performance in a healthy adult population (n = 97) genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the COMT (rs4680) and DARPP-32 (rs907094) genes. Correct target detection (hits) and false alarms were used to calculate d′ measures for each working memory load (0-, 2-, and 3-back). At the highest load (3-back) only, we observed a significant COMT × DARPP-32 interaction, such that the DARPP-32 T/T genotype enhanced target detection in COMTValVal individuals, but impaired target detection in COMTMet carriers. These findings suggest that enhanced dopaminergic signaling via the DARPP-32 T allele aids target detection in individuals with presumed low frontal DA (COMTValVal) but impairs target detection in those with putatively higher frontal DA levels (COMTMet carriers). Moreover, these data support an inverted-U model with intermediate levels of DA signaling optimizing performance on tasks requiring maintenance of mental representations in working memory.
The Subthalamic Nucleus Influences Visuospatial Attention in Humans
Authors: Schmalbach Barbara , Günther Veronika , Raethjen Jan , Wailke Stefanie , Falk Daniela , Deuschl Günther , Witt Karsten 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Spatial attention is a lateralized feature of the human brain. Whereas the role of cortical areas of the nondominant hemisphere on spatial attention has been investigated in detail, the impact of the BG, and more precisely the subthalamic nucleus, on signs and symptoms of spatial attention is not well understood. Here we used unilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus to reversibly, specifically, and intraindividually modify the neuronal BG outflow and its consequences on signs and symptoms of visuospatial attention in patients suffering from Parkinson disease. We tested 13 patients with Parkinson disease and chronic deep brain stimulation in three stimulation settings: unilateral right and left deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus as well as bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In all three stimulation settings, the patients viewed a set of pictures while an eye-tracker system recorded eye movements. During the exploration of the visual stimuli, we analyzed the time spent in each visual hemispace, as well as the number, duration, amplitude, peak velocity, acceleration peak, and speed of saccades. In the unilateral left-sided stimulation setting, patients show a shorter ipsilateral exploration time of the extrapersonal space, whereas number, duration, and speed of saccades did not differ between the different stimulation settings. These results demonstrated reduced visuospatial attention toward the side contralateral to the right subthalamic nucleus that was not being stimulated in a unilateral left-sided stimulation. Turning on the right stimulator, the reduced visuospatial attention vanished. These results support the involvement of the subthalamic nucleus in modulating spatial attention. Therefore, the subthalamic nucleus is part of the subcortical network that subserves spatial attention.
Clutter Modulates the Representation of Target Objects in the Human Occipitotemporal Cortex
Authors: Erez Yaara , Yovel Galit 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Target objects required for goal-directed behavior are typically embedded within multiple irrelevant objects that may interfere with their encoding. Most neuroimaging studies of high-level visual cortex have examined the representation of isolated objects, and therefore, little is known about how surrounding objects influence the neural representation of target objects. To investigate the effect of different types of clutter on the distributed responses to target objects in high-level visual areas, we used fMRI and manipulated the type of clutter. Specifically, target objects (i.e., a face and a house) were presented either in isolation, in the presence of a homogeneous (identical objects from another category) clutter (“pop-out” display), or in the presence of a heterogeneous (different objects) clutter, while participants performed a target identification task. Using multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) we found that in the posterior fusiform object area a heterogeneous but not homogeneous clutter interfered with decoding of the target objects. Furthermore, multivoxel patterns evoked by isolated objects were more similar to multivoxel patterns evoked by homogenous compared with heterogeneous clutter in the lateral occipital and posterior fusiform object areas. Interestingly, there was no effect of clutter on the neural representation of the target objects in their category-selective areas, such as the fusiform face area and the parahippocampal place area. Our findings show that the variation among irrelevant surrounding objects influences the neural representation of target objects in the object general area, but not in object category-selective cortex, where the representation of target objects is invariant to their surroundings.
Comparisons of Empirical Localization Techniques for Serial Ensemble Kalman Filters in a Simple Atmospheric General Circulation Model
Authors: Lei Lili , Anderson Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Two techniques for estimating good localization functions for serial ensemble Kalman filters are compared in observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) conducted with the dynamical core of an atmospheric general circulation model. The first technique, the global group filter (GGF), minimizes the root-mean-square (RMS) difference between the estimated regression coefficients using a hierarchical ensemble filter. The second, the empirical localization function (ELF), minimizes the RMS difference between the true values of the state variables and the posterior ensemble mean. Both techniques provide an estimate of the localization function for an observation’s impact on a state variable with few a priori assumptions about the localization function. The ELF localizations can have values larger than 1.0 at small distances, indicating that this technique addresses localization but also can correct the prior ensemble spread in the same way as a variance inflation when needed. OSSEs using ELF localizations generally have smaller root-mean-square error (RMSE) than the optimal Gaspari and Cohn (GC) localization function obtained by empirically tuning the GC width. The localization functions estimated by the GGF are broader than those from the ELF, and the OSSEs with the GGF localization generally have larger RMSE than the optimal GC localization function. The GGFs are too broad because of spurious correlation biases that occur in the OSSEs. These errors can be reduced by using a stochastic EnKF with perturbed observations instead of a deterministic EAKF.
Heteroscedastic Extended Logistic Regression for Postprocessing of Ensemble Guidance
Authors: Messner Jakob W. , Mayr Georg J. , Zeileis Achim , Wilks Daniel S. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
To achieve well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts, ensemble forecasts are often statistically postprocessed. One recent ensemble-calibration method is extended logistic regression, which extends the popular logistic regression to yield full probability distribution forecasts. Although the purpose of this method is to postprocess ensemble forecasts, usually only the ensemble mean is used as the predictor variable, whereas the ensemble spread is neglected because it does not improve the forecasts. In this study it is shown that when simply used as an ordinary predictor variable in extended logistic regression, the ensemble spread affects the location but not the variance of the predictive distribution. Uncertainty information contained in the ensemble spread is therefore not utilized appropriately. To solve this drawback a new approach is proposed where the ensemble spread is directly used to predict the dispersion of the predictive distribution. With wind speed data and ensemble forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) it is shown that by using this approach, the ensemble spread can be used effectively to improve forecasts from extended logistic regression.
Genome architecture changes and major gene variations of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV)
Authors: Chen Zhongyuan , Gui Jianfang , Gao Xiaochan , Pei Chao , Hong Yijiang , Zhang Qiya 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Ranaviruses are emerging pathogens that have led to global impact and public concern. As a rarely endangered species and the largest amphibian in the world, the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus, has recently undergone outbreaks of epidemic diseases with high mortality. In this study, we isolated and identified a novel ranavirus from the Chinese giant salamanders that exhibited systemic hemorrhage and swelling syndrome with high death rate in China during May 2011 to August 2012. The isolate, designated Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV), not only could induce cytopathic effects in different fish cell lines and yield high viral titers, but also caused severely hemorrhagic lesions and resulted in 100% mortality in experimental infections of salamanders. The complete genome of ADRV was sequenced and compared with other sequenced amphibian ranaviruses. Gene content and phylogenetic analyses revealed that ADRV should belong to an amphibian subgroup in genus Ranavirus, and is more closely related to frog ranaviruses than to other salamander ranaviruses. Homologous gene comparisons show that ADRV contains 99%, 97%, 94%, 93% and 85% homologues in RGV, FV3, CMTV, TFV and ATV genomes respectively. In addition, several variable major genes, such as duplicate US22 family-like genes, viral eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha gene and novel 75L gene with both motifs of nuclear localization signal (NLS) and nuclear export signal (NES), were predicted to contribute to pathogen virulence and host susceptibility. These findings confirm the etiologic role of ADRV in epidemic diseases of Chinese giant salamanders, and broaden our understanding of evolutionary emergence of ranaviruses.