bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Light‐Regulated Capillary Force Self‐Assembly of Nano‐Printed Pillars for Chiroptical Metamaterials
Authors: Wu Sizhu , Li Xinkai , Liu Xin , Hu Haijian , Dong Rui , Ni Jincheng , Pan Deng , Hu Yanlei , Zhang Chenchu , Chen Chao , Zhang Yachao , Xia Haojie , Wu Dong , Lao Zhaoxin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCapillary force self‐assembly (CFSA) technology unfolds great potential in the fabrication of functional micro/nanostructures. To date, most self‐assembly methods focus on monolithic microstructure manipulation yet it remains a challenge to achieve precise localized control over the CFSA process of micro/nanostructures. Herein, a light‐regulated CFSA is proposed to realize the localized precise control of microstructures, leveraging on the synergistic effect of photothermally‐responsive hydrogel and self‐assembly technique. The micropillars with asymmetric cross‐linking densities can readily prepare by applying a rationally designed laser and laser‐exposing dosage, thereby realizing the on‐demand steering of their bending directions. Significantly, owing to the giant capillary force deriving from the evaporating water, above micropillars can successfully assemble into highly‐ordered chiral structures. Simulation coupling with fundamental hydrodynamics enables to shed light on the light steering principle over pillar's actuations. Last, on the basis of vortical dichroism spectra analysis, the chiral characteristics of light‐regulated self‐assembly including the chiral as well as the achiral self‐assembled microstructures are successfully deployed. This strategy provides an avenue for fabricating the localized controllable self‐assembly at the microscale and will bloom the field over metamaterials, microsensors, chiral optics, and so on.
Efficient In Situ Doping of Strained Germanium Tin Epilayers at Unusually Low Temperature
Authors: Myronov Maksym , Jahandar Pedram , Rossi Simone , Sewell Kevin , Murphy‐Armando Felipe , Pezzoli Fabio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient p‐ and n‐type in situ doping of compressively strained germanium tin (Ge1‐xSnx) semiconductor epilayers, grown by chemical vapor deposition on a standard Si(001) substrate, is demonstrated. Materials characterization results reveal unusual impact of dopants manifesting via a pronounced reduction of Sn content in the epilayer, accompanied by an enhancement of the growth rate, due to increasing p‐type doping concentration. Furthermore, the opposite behavior for n‐type doping is observed, resulting in a less pronounced increase of Sn concentration and no effect on growth rate. Nevertheless, a very high density of electrically active holes up to ≈4 × 1020 cm−3 is obtained in p‐type doped Ge1‐xSnx epilayer resulting in the lowest resistivity of 0.15 mΩ cm among all in situ doped epitaxial and strained group‐IV semiconductors. Also, the metal‐to‐insulator transition in Ge1‐xSnx is experimentally demonstrated for doping levels above 1 × 1017 cm−3, which is substantially lower than in any group‐IV semiconductor, and theoretically predict it to be as low as ≈1 × 1017 cm−3. The findings enabled by the doping regime explored in this work can open novel prospects to engineer low resistivity contacts and charge current injection in applications covering next‐generation transistors, qubits, diodes, electrically driven light sources, sensors and hybrid quantum devices.
Realizing over 18% Efficiency for M‐Series Acceptor‐Based Polymer Solar Cells by Improving Light Utilization
Authors: Xiong Xiaoying , Wan Shuo , Hu Bin , Li Yi , Ma Yunlong , Lu Guanghao , Fu Huiting , Zheng Qingdong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractM‐series molecules are one kind of promising acceptor‐donor‐acceptor (A‐D‐A)‐type acceptors for constructing high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are lagging behind that of current state‐of‐the‐art OSCs, limited by the relatively low fill factor (FF) and photocurrent. Herein, combined strategies of layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition and interface engineering are conducted to systematically improve light utilization and thus PCEs for M36‐based OSCs. Through choosing a proper processing solvent, a PCE of 17.3% with an FF of 77.9% is achieved for the resulting LBL devices, much higher than those (15.9%/74.0%) from the blend‐casting devices. The improvement is assigned to the favorable morphological evolution that facilitates carrier generation and transport as well as reduces charge recombination. More importantly, light‐harvesting of the active layers can be enhanced upon employing a self‐assembled monolayer of (2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid (2PACz) instead of the widely used PEDOT:PSS as the hole‐selecting layer, due to the decreased parasitic absorption of the former. Consequently, 2PACz‐based LBL devices exhibit significantly increased photocurrent, affording a PCE up to 18.2%, which is the highest among the reported A‐D‐A‐type acceptor‐based OSCs. These results deliver important strategies to enhance the performance of OSCs and thus highlight the great potential of M‐series acceptors for practical applications.
“You're on your own, kid”: A critical analysis of Australian universities' international student mental health strategies
Authors: Peterie Michelle , Ramia Gaby , Broom Alex , Choi Isabella , Brett Matthew , Williams Veazey Leah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMental ill‐health is a serious and growing problem among university students in Australia. Within this cohort, international students are particularly vulnerable. International students in Australia have fewer social rights than domestic students and are at elevated risk of social isolation, exploitation in employment, precarious housing, financial insecurity, and racism and discrimination. When mental health challenges arise, international students are also less likely than their domestic counterparts to access support services. Against the backdrop of this escalating problem, this article presents a critical analysis of Australian universities' policy approaches to international student mental health. We ask: (a) How many universities have such policies publicly available, and (b) how do these policies understand and seek to address the problem of international student distress? Drawing on a documentary analysis of publicly available university mental health strategies, we find that—in the comparatively rare cases where such documents exist—international students' mental ill‐health is generally framed in these documents as an individual concern, placing the onus on individual students to develop “resilience” and/or seek out help. Leveraging theoretical insights concerning the collective production of (mental) health and illness, we caution that this individualisation of student distress naturalises and depoliticises the logics of financial exploitation and neglect that contribute to many international students' mental health problems to begin with.
Addressing employment barriers for humanitarian migrants: Perspectives from settlement services
Authors: Renzaho Andre M. N. , Woodward Kerry , Polonsky Michael , Abood Julianne , Green Julie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis research seeks to understand the challenges faced by settlement service providers (SSPs) in assisting humanitarian migrants to secure appropriate employment. In‐depth interviews with 26 SSPs identified that current impediments to facilitating humanitarian migrants' employment related to employment support programmes; settlement service partnerships; cultural appropriateness of services; employment readiness, experience, skills and knowledge; social support and networks; and limitations of funding and service agreements. While employment is recognised as key to effective settlement, the findings of this study show that employment services are not currently a focus of settlement services, that is, most employment services delivered by settlement services were coordinated as part of job preparedness or readiness programmes. The paper argues for government to ensure financial and human resources to enable SSPs to deliver services that can formally recognise and overcome barriers to humanitarian migrants' employment.
Structural Fine‐Tuning to Achieve Highly Fluorescent Organic and Water‐Soluble Thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole Chromophores
Authors: Thorat Akshay , Behera Satyabrata , Boopathi A. A. , Kulkarni Chidambar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFluorescent molecular systems are important for various applications such as sensing of analytes, probes for biologically relevant processes and as optoelectronic materials. Achieving high fluorescence quantum yield across the spectrum of solvent polarity and in solid‐state is challenging in molecular materials. Herein, we present a strategy to achieve strongly fluorescent molecular materials based on weak intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) in a family of unsymmetrical donor‐thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole‐acceptor systems (both neutral and cationic). Detailed photophysical studies reveal that the delicate balance between the donor and acceptor result in high solution‐state fluorescence quantum yield (>80 %) in both polar protic and apolar solvents. Quantum chemical computations uncover a hitherto unappreciated insight that the extent of ICT is aptly represented by the change in Mulliken charges between the ground and excited state for different fragments rather than the classical approach of monitoring the change in dipole moment for the entire molecule. This insight rationalizes the observed photophysical properties and can have implications in the design of tuneable donor‐π‐acceptor systems.
Spatioselective Occlusion of Copolymer Nanoparticles within Calcite Crystals Generates Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Materials with Controlled Internal Structures
Authors: Chen Wenting , Liu Pei , Sun Xia , Xiong Biao , Cui Huahua , Zhao Zhenghong , Ning Yin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient occlusion of particulate additives into a single crystal has garnered an ever‐increasing attention in materials science because it offers a counter‐intuitive yet powerful platform to make crystalline nanocomposite materials with emerging properties. However, precisely controlling the spatial distribution of the guest additives within a host crystal remains highly challenging. We herein demonstrate a unique, straightforward method to engineer the spatial distribution of copolymer nanoparticles within calcite (CaCO3) single crystals by judiciously adjusting initial [Ca2+] concentration used for the calcite precipitation. More specifically, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly is employed to synthesize well‐defined and highly anionic poly(3‐sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium)41‐block‐poly(benzyl methacrylate)500 [PSPMA41‐PBzMA500] diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which are subsequently used as model additives during the growth of calcite crystals. Impressively, such guest nanoparticles are preferentially occluded into specific regions of calcite depending on the initial [Ca2+] concentration. These unprecedented phenomena are most probably caused by dynamic change in electrostatic interaction between Ca2+ ions and PSPMA41 chains based on systematic investigations. This study not only showcases a significant advancement in controlling the spatial distribution of guest nanoparticles within host crystals, enabling the internal structure of composite crystals to be rationally tailored via a spatioselective occlusion strategy, but also provides new insights into biomineralization.
A General Photoactive H‐Bonding EDA Complex Model Drives the Selective Hydrothiolation and Hydroxysulfenylation of Carbonyl Activated Alkenes
Authors: Yan Tingtao , Yang Jianjing , Yan Kelu , Wang Zhonglei , Li Bingwen , Wen Jiangwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExcitation of photoactive electron donor−acceptor (EDA) complexes to generate radical is a promising approach in radical chemistry. In this study, we introduce a new model of H‐bonding EDA complexes for the selective hydrothiolation and hydroxysulfenylation of carbonyl‐activated alkenes with diverse thiols under visible light conditions. The reliability of this H‐bonding EDA complex model has been confirmed by meticulous experimental and theoretical calculations. Mechanistic investigations have revealed the significant influence of the solvent in determining whether the excitation of photoactive H‐bonding EDA complex leads to charge transfer (CT) or energy‐charge transfer (En‐CT), thereby controlling Markovnikov and anti‐Markovnikov selectivity. Notably, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis clearly shows that the excited state of the C=O−H−S EDA complex involves closed‐shell partially covalent interactions.
Variation of Chemical Microenvironment of Pores in Hydrazone‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photosynthesis of H2O2
Authors: Xie Zhipeng , Chen Xiong , Wang Wenbin , Ke Xiating , Zhang Xirui , Wang Sibo , Wu Xiaofeng , Yu Jimmy C. , Wang Xinchen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic synthesis of H2O2 is an advantageous and ecologically sustainable alternative to the conventional anthraquinone process. However, achieving high conversion efficiency without sacrificial agents remains a challenge. In this study, two covalent organic frameworks (COF−O and COF−C) were prepared with identical skeletal structures but with their pore walls anchored to different alkyl chains. They were used to investigate the effect of the chemical microenvironment of pores on photocatalytic H2O2 production. Experimental results reveal a change of hydrophilicity in COF−O, leading to suppressed charge recombination, diminished charge transfer resistance, and accelerated interfacial electron transfer. An apparent quantum yield as high as 10.3 % (λ=420 nm) can be achieved with H2O and O2 through oxygen reduction reaction. This is among the highest ever reported for polymer photocatalysts. This study may provide a novel avenue for optimizing photocatalytic activity and selectivity in H2O2 generation.
Understanding whether, how and when circular supply chain management influences firm performance
Authors: Alghababsheh Mohammad 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntegrating circular economy (CE) principles into supply chain management (SCM) plays a key role in accelerating the transition to CE and realising its sustainability potential. This integration has recently attracted increased attention and emerged formally as circular SCM (CSCM). As with other business practices, economic feasibility is a major deciding factor with regard to CSCM adoption. Therefore, understanding whether, how and when firms can benefit from CSCM is of paramount importance for theory, practice and policy. However, the relationship between CSCM and firm performance and the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that could explain this relationship have received limited empirical attention. Drawing on multiple theoretical perspectives, this study examines the mediating role of employees' organisational identification in the relationship between CSCM and firm's operational performance and the moderating effect of employees' pro‐environmental attitude on this role. To achieve this, a multi‐respondent cross‐sectional research design was used in which data from managers and employees of 163 Jordan‐based manufacturing firms was obtained using two separately administrated surveys. The results reveal that CSCM has a positive impact on firm's operational performance. CSCM was also found to indirectly improve firm's operational performance through enhancing employees' organisational identification. Further, the results indicated that, unexpectedly, employees' pro‐environmental attitude does not amplify the positive relationship between CSCM and their organisational identification, or indeed the mediating effect of employees' organisational identification in the nexus between CSCM and firm's operational performance. These results have important implications for advancing the theory and practice of the CE.
Rapid total sialic acid monitoring during cell culture process using a machine learning model based soft sensor
Authors: Behdani Amir M. , Zhao Yuxiang , Yao Grace , Wasalathanthri Dhanuka , Hodgman Eric , Borys Michael , Li Gloria , Khetan Anurag , Wijesinghe Dayanjan , Leone Anthony 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTotal sialic acid content (TSA) in biotherapeutic proteins is often a critical quality attribute as it impacts the drug efficacy. Traditional wet chemical assays to quantify TSA in biotherapeutic proteins during cell culture typically takes several hours or longer due to the complexity of the assay which involves isolation of sialic acid from the protein of interest, followed by sample preparation and chromatographic based separation for analysis. Here, we developed a machine learning model‐based technology to rapidly predict TSA during cell culture by using typically measured process parameters. The technology features a user interface, where the users only have to upload cell culture process parameters as input variables and TSA values are instantly displayed on a dashboard platform based on the model predictions. In this study, multiple machine learning algorithms were assessed on our dataset, with the Random Forest model being identified as the most promising model. Feature importance analysis from the Random Forest model revealed that attributes like viable cell density (VCD), glutamate, ammonium, phosphate, and basal medium type are critical for predictions. Notably, while the model demonstrated strong predictability by Day 14 of observation, challenges remain in forecasting TSA values at the edges of the calibration range. This research not only emphasizes the transformative power of machine learning and soft sensors in bioprocessing but also introduces a rapid and efficient tool for sialic acid prediction, signaling significant advancements in bioprocessing. Future endeavors may focus on data augmentation to further enhance model precision and exploration of process control capabilities.
Recent Developments in 1,2,3‐Triazole Based α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Structure‐Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights
Authors: Singh Atamjit , Singh Karanvir , Sharma Aman , Kaur Uttam , Kaur Kamaljit , Mohinder Singh Bedi Preet 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetes mellitus is a chronic and most prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 422 million the people worldwide and causing life‐threatening associated conditions including disorders of kidney, heart, and nervous system as well as leg amputation and retinopathy. Steadily rising cases from the last few decades suggest the failure of currently available drugs in containment of this disease. α‐Glucosidase is a potential target for effectively tackling this disease and attracting significant interest from medicinal chemists around the globe. Besides having a set of side effects, currently available α‐glucosidase inhibitors (carbohydrate mimics) offer better tolerability, safety, and synergistic pharmacological outcomes with other antidiabetic drugs therefore medicinal chemists have working extensively over last three decades for developing alternative α‐glucosidase inhibitors. The 1,2,3‐Triazole nucleus is energetically used by various research groups around the globe for the development of α‐glucosidase inhibitors posing it as an optimum scaffold in the field of antidiabetic drug development. This review is a systematic analysis of α‐glucosidase inhibitors developed by employing 1,2,3‐triazole scaffold with special focus on design strategies, structure‐activity relationships, and mechanism of inhibitory effect. This article will act as lantern for medicinal chemists in developing of potent, safer, and effective α‐glucosidase inhibitors with desired properties and improved therapeutic efficacy.
Scheduling irrigation events in corn using three soil water potential strategies
Authors: Sorensen Ronald B. , Bucior Erika R. , Lamb Marshall C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScheduling irrigation events is important for high corn (Zea mays L.) yield, water use efficiency, economic returns, and water conservation. The use of shallow subsurface drip irrigation (S3DI) is cost effective for small irregular shaped field areas. Currently there are no irrigation scheduling recommendations for S3DI systems for corn production. The objective was to evaluate three water potential value strategies for scheduling irrigation events and the effect on corn yield, test weight, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and value water use efficiency (VWUE). Corn was grown multiple years (2012–2013; 2019–2023) at two locations (Dawson and Shellman, GA) using soil water potential sensors to schedule irrigation events. Sensors were installed at 10 and 20 inches (25 and 50 cm) soil depth. Irrigation events were scheduled when the average water potential was between 40 to 60 cbar (I1), 60 to 80 cbar (I2), 80 to 100 cbar (I3), and compared to a dryland control (I0). There was no difference in corn yield, IWUE, or VWUE between irrigation treatments, but all irrigation treatments had greater yield than I0, except in high rainfall years. At the Shellman location, total water applied for I3 was 46% less than for I1. At Dawson, I2 applied 17% more water than either I1 or I3. Across both sites, I1 and I2 applied 1.5 and 1.3 times more water than I3, respectively. Therefore, irrigation events scheduled at 80 to 100 cbar can be a viable technique for irrigating corn using S3DI without yield reductions while promoting water conservation.
Photochemical Initiation and Reactions of Thiyl Radicals Studied with SH2’ Radical Traps
Authors: Williams Peter J. H. , Ho Hon Eong , Unsworth William P. , Rickard Andrew R. , Chechik Victor 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA radical trapping method based on an SH2’ homolytic substitution reaction was applied to study the mechanism of a photochemical spirocyclisation of indole‐ynones in the presence of thiols. Starting material, products and a range of trapped radical intermediates were simultaneously detected in reaction mixtures by mass spectrometry (MS). The trapped intermediates included both initiating and main chain propagating radicals. These data made it possible to propose a self‐initiation mechanism consistent with the originally postulated photoexcitation of an intramolecular electron donor‐acceptor complex of the substrate. The effect of thiol structure on the MS peak intensity of the reaction components was rationalised in terms of the relative stability of the radical intermediates. The results were compared to a simpler related reaction, a photochemical thiol‐ene addition where reagents, products and trapped intermediate radicals were also detected by MS. Relative MS peak intensities were again explained by a combination of electronic and steric effects on the stability of intermediate radicals. Overall, SH2’ radical trapping was demonstrated to be a powerful experimental technique for providing mechanistic evidence on photochemical and other organic radical reactions.