bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidences and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury in ICU: a prospective observational study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wijewickrama Eranga S , Ratnayake Gowri M , Wikramaratne Chaminda , Sheriff Rezvi , Rajapakse Senaka 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and a serious complication among patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), and has been the focus of many studies leading to recent advances in diagnosis and classification. The incidence and outcome of AKI in Sri Lankan ICUs is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to describe the incidence, severity and outcome of AKI among patients admitted to the medical ICU, National Hospital, Colombo, Sri Lanka (NHSL).

Methods
Patients admitted to the medical ICU, NHSL, over a period of 6 months were studied prospectively.
Standard demographic, physiological and clinical data were collected. Severity of illness was assessed using SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score. Diagnosis of AKI was based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria.

Results
Of 212 patients screened, 108 satisfied the inclusion criteria; males 67(61.5%); mean age 47.8 years(SD 19.4, range 12-94). Mean duration of ICU stay was 11.6 days (SD 10.6, range 2-55). Eighty one (75.0%) received mechanical ventilation. Forty nine (45.4%) had sepsis. ICU mortality was 38.9% and AKI was present in 60.2%. The majority of AKI patients (38, 58.5%) had AKI stage 3. Patients with AKI were at higher risk of death (p < 0.01). Neither age, gender, nor the presence of co-morbidities were associated with increased risk of AKI. Patients with AKI had significantly longer ICU stay (Log-Rank Chi Square: 23.186, p < 0.0001). Both the incidence of AKI and ICU mortality were higher in patients with SOFA scores over 9 (Pearson Chi-Square 7.581, p = 0.006, and 11.288, p = 0.001 respectively).

Conclusions
The incidence of AKI is high at 60% among our ICU patients, and those with AKI had higher mortality and longer duration of ICU stay. Age, gender or the presence of co-morbidities was not associated with a higher risk of AKI. Patients with SOFA scores over 9 within the first 24 hours were more likely to develop AKI and had higher risk of death.
Closed expressions for averages of set partition statistics
Authors: Chern Bobbie , Diaconis Persi , Kane Daniel M , Rhoades Robert C 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In studying the enumerative theory of super characters of the group of upper triangular matrices over a finite field, we found that the moments (mean, variance, and higher moments) of novel statistics on set partitions of [n]={1,2,⋯,n} have simple closed expressions as linear combinations of shifted bell numbers. It is shown here that families of other statistics have similar moments. The coefficients in the linear combinations are polynomials in n. This allows exact enumeration of the moments for small n to determine exact formulae for all n.
An overview: biomolecules from microalgae for animal feed and aquaculture
Authors: Yaakob Zahira , Ali Ehsan , Zainal Afifi , Mohamad Masita , Takriff Mohd Sobri 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Despite being more popular for biofuel, microalgae have gained a lot of attention as a source of biomolecules and biomass for feed purposes. Algae farming can be established using land as well as sea and strategies can be designed in order to gain the products of specific interest in the optimal way. A general overview of the contributions of Algae to meet the requirements of nutrients in animal/aquaculture feed is presented in this study. In addition to its applications in animal/aquaculture feed, algae can produce a number of biomolecules including astaxanthin, lutein, beta-carotene, chlorophyll, phycobiliprotein, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs), beta-1,3-glucan, and pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds which have been reviewed with respect to their commercial importance and current status. The review is further extended to highlight the adequate utilization of value added products in the feeds for livestock, poultry and aquaculture (with emphasis in shrimp farming).
CARM1 and BAF155: an example of how chromatin remodeling factors can be relocalized and contribute to cancer
Authors: Stefansson Olafur A , Esteller Manel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn a recent article, Wang and colleagues reported the discovery of a mechanism by which CARM1 regulates the genomic localization of BAF155 (a SWI/SNF subunit involved in chromatin remodeling) through post-translational methylation at R1064 arginine residues. This modification leads to the relocalization of BAF155-containing SWI/SNF complexes to regions containing genes involved in the Myc oncogenic pathway. The results presented are evidence that these interactions constitute a mechanism by which the BAF155 chromatin remodeling factor contributes to cancer.
Glutamine supplementation in the critically ill: friend or foe?
Authors: Oudemans-van Straaten Heleen M , van Zanten Arthur RH 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn the previous issue of Critical Care, Mori and colleagues demonstrate that glutamine supplementation in mechanically ventilated patients as part of parenteral nutrition increases plasma glutamine concentration and glutamine utilization, but does not mitigate protein degradation and even increases de novo glutamine production. Studies suggest that protein degradation is regulated by the degree of inflammation. Immune cells utilize large amounts of glutamine and derive their glutamine requirements from muscle protein degradation. We hypothesize that the effects of glutamine supplementation depend on the degree of inflammation. Infusing large amounts of exogenous glutamine into patients with inflammatory conditions like sepsis and multiple organ failure may not only enhance immune competence, but may potentially augment the inflammatory response and thereby negatively influence outcome.
Resist-free antireflective nanostructured film fabricated by thermal-NIL
Authors: Kang Young Hun , Han Jae Hyung , Cho Song Yun , Choi Choon-Gi 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Resist-free antireflective (AR) nanostructured films are directly fabricated on polycarbonate (PC) film using thermal-nanoimprint lithography (T-NIL) and the moth-eye shape of AR nanostructure is elaborately optimized with different oxygen reactive ion etching conditions. Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are directly used as master molds of T-NIL for preparation of AR nanostructures on PC film without an additional T-NIL resist. AR nanostructures are well arranged with a period of about 200 nm and diameter of about 150 nm, which corresponds to those of the AAO template mold. The moth-eye AR nanostructures exhibit the average reflectance of 2% in wavelength range from 400 to 800 nm. From the results, highly enhanced AR properties with simple direct imprinting on PC film demonstrate the potential for panel application in the field of flat display, touch screen, and solar cells.
Detailed topography of the Devonian Grosmont Formation surface from legacy high-resolution seismic profiles, northeast Alberta
Authors: Ardakani Elahe P. , Schmitt Douglas R. , Bown Todd D. 
Published: May 2014

The Devonian Grosmont Formation in northeastern Alberta, Canada, is the world’s largest accumulation of heavy oil in carbonate rock with estimated bitumen in place of [Formula: see text]. Much of the reservoir unconformably subcrops beneath Cretaceous sediments. This is an eroded surface modified by kartstification known as the Sub-Mannville Unconformity (SMU). We studied the reanalysis and integration of legacy seismic data sets obtained in the mid-1980s to investigate the structure of this surface. Standard data processing was carried out supplemented by some more modern approaches to noise reduction. The interpretation of these reprocessed data resulted in some key structural maps above and below the SMU. These seismic maps revealed substantially more detail than those constructed solely on the basis of well-log data; in fact, the use of only well-log information would likely result in erroneous interpretations. Although features smaller than about 40 m in radius cannot be easily discerned at the SMU due to wavefield and data sampling limits, the data did reveal the existence of a roughly east–west-trending ridge-valley system. A more minor northeast–southwest-trending linear valley also was apparent. These observations are all consistent with the model of a karsted/eroded carbonate surface. Comparison of the maps for the differing horizons further suggested that deeper horizons may influence the structure of the SMU and even the overlying Mesozoic formations. This suggested that some displacements due to karst cavity collapse or minor faulting within the Grosmont occurred during or after deposition of the younger Mesozoic sediments on top of the Grosmont surface.
Synthesis of Tunable Fe3O4@Mesoporous-silica-pillared Clay (MSPC) and Its Performance in Lysozyme Loading and Releasing Behavior
Authors: Yue Liwen , Li Baoshan , Ren Zhiming , Li Xuan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
A series of Fe3O4@mesoporous-silica-pillared clays (Fe3O4@MSPCs) with different pore size are synthesized using cationic polymeric surfactant templating. These materials possess uniform pore size and the magnetic nanoparticles generated onto the intergallery silica pillar. The polymeric surfactant (PVA-1488) plays a key role to tune both the pore size of the materials and the particle size of Fe3O4. These materials show better performance of lysozyme loading and releasing, as a potential slow-releasing delivery for macromolecule drugs.
Influence of Aluminum Addition on Thermoelectric Performance of Mg2Si Compound under Air Exposure with Temperature Difference
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Tominaga Akira 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTDimagnesium silicide (Mg2Si) is an eco-friendly material useful for thermoelectric generation using waste heat of temperature range of 600 to 900 K. To improve the thermoelectric performance of the Mg2Si compound, we made the Al-added compounds under magnesium-rich condition (with 67.0 at% of Mg) using a liquid-solid phase reaction and using a pulse discharge sintering. The thermoelectric performance of each sample containing Al of 0 to 2.0 at% was measured during 50 h air exposure with temperature difference. The temperature difference was given by contacting the hot side of a sample with a hot plate kept at 773 K and by contacting the cold side with a heat sink with cooling fan. The electrical resistivity of the Al-free sample increased with air exposure time by internal oxidation. All the Al-added samples kept the low resistivity during the air exposure test. We confirmed the resistance to deterioration in thermoelectric performance of the Al-added samples during air exposure with temperature difference.
Longitudinal Analysis of Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of Infants with and without Single-Suture Craniosynostosis
Authors: Gray Kristen E. , Cradock Mary Michaeleen , Kapp-Simon Kathleen A. , Collett Brent R. , Pullmann Lynette D. , Speltz Matthew L. 
Published: May 2014

Objective To examine longitudinal differences in reported stress between parents of children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis and to compare the stress reports of mothers and fathers. Design Multi-site, nonrandomized prospective study. Setting/Participants Children with single-suture craniosynostosis (cases) were identified via referral of the treating surgeon or physician at the time of diagnosis, and those without single-suture craniosynostosis (controls) were recruited from pediatric practices, birthing centers, and announcements in print media. When children were aged 6, 18, and 36 months (on average), mothers and fathers of children with and without single-suture craniosynostosis completed the Parenting Stress Index. For cases, 247 mothers and 211 fathers completed the Parenting Stress Index at the first visit; corresponding numbers for controls were 254 and 220, respectively. Main Outcome Measures The Parenting Stress Index Parent and Child Domains and subscales scores. Results We found few differences between parents of infants with and without single-suture craniosynostosis, regardless of parent gender. Irrespective of case status, mothers consistently reported higher stress than fathers on the Parent Domain. Within the Parent Domain, mothers reported more stress than fathers on the Role Restriction and Spousal Support subscales. Conclusions The parents of children with single-suture craniosynostosis reported levels of stress similar to those reported by parents of same-aged, unaffected children. Mothers reported greater stress than fathers, and these differences remained remarkably stable over time. This may reflect widely held perceptions of gender differences in parenting roles.
Magnetic mixed matrix membranes in air separation
Authors: Rybak Aleksandra , Dudek Gabriela , Krasowska Monika , Strzelewicz Anna , Grzywna Zbigniew , Sysel Petr 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEthylcellulose (EC) or linear polyimide (LPI) and magnetic neodymium powder particles MQP-14-12 were used for the preparation of inorganic-organic hybrid membranes. For all the membranes, N2, O2 and air permeability were examined. Mass transport coefficients were determined using the Time Lag System based on dynamic experiments in a constant pressure system. The results showed that the membrane permeation properties were improved by the addition of magnetic neodymium particles to the polymer matrix. The magnetic ethylcellulose and polyimide membranes exhibited higher gas permeability and diffusivity, while their permeability selectivity and solubility were either unchanged or slightly increased. Polyimide mixed matrix membranes were characterised by a higher thermal and mechanical stability, larger filler loading, better magnetic properties and reasonable selectivity in the air separation.
Use of green fluorescent proteins for in vitro biosensing
Authors: Heger Zbynek , Zitka Ondrej , Fohlerova Zdenka , Merlos Rodrigo Miguel Angel , Hubalek Jaromir , Kizek Rene , Adam Vojtech 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDue to the considerable stability of green fluorescent proteins and their capacity to be readily permutated or mutated, they may be exploited in multiple ways to enhance the functionality of in vitro biosensors. Many possibilities, such as the formation of chimeras with other proteins or antibodies, as well as Förster resonance emission transfer performance, may be used for the highly sensitive and specific detection of the target molecules. This review considers the great potential of green fluorescent proteins as the fluorescent probing or recognition biomolecule in various in vitro biosensors applications, as well as obstacles associated with their use.
Preparation and characterization of ultrasensitive and specific polyclonal antiserum against ciprofloxacin based on cationized bovine serum albumin
Authors: Deng Sheng-Liang , Li Ping , Liu Hong-Bin , Yang Shu-Ming 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn ultrasensitive polyclonal antiserum against ciprofloxacin (CPFX) was developed by introducing cationized bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the carrier. Conjugates used as immunogens were synthesized using CPFX coupled to BSA cationized with ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine, namely CPFX-eBSA and CPFX-hBSA. The results showed that the antisera immunized with CPFX-hBSA exhibit an improved sensitivity and specificity compared with those immunized with CPFX-eBSA. Under the conditions of optimal heterologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the optimal antiserum yielded an IC50 of 0.097 ng mL−1, which proves it to be more sensitive than any CPFX antibody. Cross-reactivities with norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ofloxacin were < 3.0 %. No cross-reactivities with penicillin and gentamicin were found. The limit of detection was 0.01 ng mL−1, which is far below the maximum residue level established by the EU regulation, suggesting the great potential of the presented antiserum for quantitative assays of CPFX in samples.
Enantioseparation of mandelic acid and α-cyclohexylmandelic acid using an alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Li Fen-Fang , Tan Zhi-Jian , Guo Zhi-Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAn alcohol/salt-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was employed for enantioseparation of (R,S)-mandelic acid (MA) and (R,S)-α-cyclohexylmandelic acid (α-CHMA). Sulfonated β-cyclodextrin (Sf-β-CD) with different degrees of substitution (DS) was considered as the chiral selector. The ethanol/(NH4)2SO4 system showed the optimal chiral recognition ability for MA. To optimize the experimental conditions, Sf-β-CD concentration, ethanol and salt concentration, temperature, and pH were studied. The recognition ability of enantiomers was mainly dependent on the type of the chiral selector but the ethanol and (NH4)2SO4 concentrations also had significant influence on the enantiomeric recognition. The maximum values of α and ee up of 1.69 and 16.3 % were obtained, respectively, for MA under the optimal conditions. A potential application of this alcohol/salt ATPS is the scale-up of chiral separation of MA.
Influence of malfunctions of the maintenance activities on the urban buses fuel consumption
Authors: George Crişan , Nicolae Filip 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOptimization of activities with the aim to provide quality service in conditions of high profitability, is one of the main objectives chased by managers in transportation companies. As a consequence, directing the attention towards monitoring of maintenance activities of vehicles fleet, can achieve desired results. Two of the most important issues related to the maintenance activity, is the increase of reliability and reduction of fuel consumption of the vehicles fleet. Aforementioned actions represents a way forward for raising the quality and profitability of services offered. In this paper, the main ways of monitoring the fuel consumption, in order to reduce it and increase the reliability of transportation vehicles fleet, are presented. For the evaluation of the maintenance system and the degree of influence of malfunctions recorded on the fuel consumption, using the Pareto -ABC method, following case study on a fleet of buses for urban public transport has been conducted. Results obtained highlights the deficiencies of the maintenance process carried out and constitutes a solid base for the reorganization of the maintenance activity, involving preventive maintenance activities, in order to contribute decisively to the results targeted by the management of transport companies.
Dietary Intakes in the Nutritional Management Of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Morisset Anne-Sophie , Côté Julie Anne , Michaud Andréanne , Robitaille Julie , Dubé Marie-Christine , Veillette Johanne , Weisnagel S. John , Tchernof André 
Published: May 2014

Purpose: Changes were examined in energy intakes and percentage of energy from macronutrients in response to nutritional intervention in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The study included 17 women with GDM and 27 women with normal glucose tolerance (controls). Women with GDM were followed by a multidisciplinary team; they received dietary counselling by a registered dietitian, and were prescribed diets with 40% to 45% energy from carbohydrate (CHO), 20% to 25% from protein, and 30% to 35% from fat. Dietary intakes were assessed with food frequency questionnaires before the intervention (26.9 ± 3.8 weeks) and after the intervention (32.6 ± 0.6 weeks). Results: After the intervention, women with GDM reduced their total energy intake to reach lower values than did controls (P value for time-group interaction ≤0.05). A concomitant reduction in total CHO and glucose intakes in women with GDM led to significantly lower values compared with intakes in controls (P values for time-group interaction ≤0.001 for all). The post-intervention rate of weight gain in women with GDM was within the Institute of Medicine (IOM)-recommended values, while the post-intervention rate of weight gain in controls was above IOM-recommended values (0.30 ± 0.27 versus 0.61 ± 0.50 kg/week, P≤0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that this multidisciplinary medical and nutritional intervention was effective in the achievement of prescribed macronutrient distribution and controlling gestational weight gain in Canadian women with GDM.
The First American Psychiatrists
Authors: Parres Ramón 
Published: May 2014

Did the practice of psychiatry exist before the 19th century? In the following article Dr. Parres suggests that it did, in the advanced Indian civilizations of the Aztecs and their forebears (see box). He provides an overview of the society that produced these "psychiatrists" - the tlamatinimes - and describes the psychopathology they treated.
The author prepared this material as a part of a symposium honoring PSYCHIATRIC ANNALS' Editorial Director, Howard P. Rome, M.D., at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. Dr. Parres' revised text appears here through the courtesy of Gerald J . Sarwer-Foner, M.D., and the Journal Management Committee of the Revue de Psychiatrie de l'Université d'Ottawa.
Factors Predicting Duration of Intraocular Gas Presence After 23-Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Takashina Hirotsugu , Watanabe Akira , Mitooka Katsuya , Tsuneoka Hiroshi 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Retrospective review of 130 eyes that underwent 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy. At the end of surgery, gas exchange and sclerotomy massage to promote self-sealing were performed. If sclerotomy leakage was suspected despite sclerotomy massage, a suture was placed. Factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy were examined using multiple regression analysis. An
F
value greater than 2 and
P
value less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Significant factors were axial length (
F
= 7.08;
P
< .05) and IOP on postoperative day 1 (
F
= 4.35;
P
< .05). Age, operation time, preoperative IOP, and number of sutured sclerotomies were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION:
Factors predicting duration of intraocular gas presence in 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy were axial length and postoperative IOP on day 1.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:199–203.]
Removal of a Giant Nonmagnetic Intraocular Foreign Body Using Micro Alligator Forceps
Authors: Liang Shenzhi , Wan Guangming , Li Xiujuan , Liu Xiaoqiang , Zhu Yu 
Published: May 2014

PURPOSE:
To introduce a new method for removal of a giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body using micro alligator forceps.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Eleven patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy. The micro alligator forceps were used to grasp and extract the giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body through a sclerocorneal tunnel.

RESULTS:
All patients underwent surgical removal of the intraocular foreign body successfully without any intraoperative complications. The alligator forceps were operational in the intraocular environment and effective in surgical maneuvers. There was no accidental slippage during the procedures.

CONCLUSION:
Micro alligator forceps are a feasible option for removal of giant nonmagnetic intraocular foreign body during vitreoretinal surgery and offer advances in terms of operating stability and surgical safety.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:228–230.]