bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (Eps): The Patient's Perspective
Authors: Hurst Helen , Summers Angela , Beaver Kinta , Caress Ann-Louise 
Published: February 2014

Background Although relatively rare, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is nonetheless a major concern within the renal community. Risk of developing EPS is associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). High mortality was previously reported, although surgery has since improved outcomes. Research into EPS focuses on imaging and early detection methods, genetics, biomarkers and preventive strategies. No previous studies have examined patients’ experiences of EPS. Aims The aim of the present study was to explore the experience of patients who have undergone surgery for EPS in one center in the North of England. Methods A qualitative phenomenological approach, involving in-depth interviews, was adopted. Nine participants were recruited out of a total of 18 eligible. Most participants were interviewed twice over a 12-month period (October 2009 to October 2010). Analysis Interpretive data analysis was conducted, following the philosophical tradition of hermeneutics, to draw out themes from the data. Data collection and analysis took place concurrently and participants were sent a summary of their first interview to allow a period of reflection prior to the subsequent interview. Results EPS presented the most serious challenge participants had faced since developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Three major themes were identified, each with subcategories. The key issues for patients were related to identification of early symptoms and lack of understanding. The patients’ sense of ‘not being heard’ by health care professionals led to a loss of trust and enhanced their feelings of uncertainty. The enormity of the surgery, the suffering, and what they had to endure had an enormous impact, but an overriding aspect of this experience was also the loss they felt for their independence and for the PD therapy over which they had control. Conclusions The findings of this study highlight a number of important issues relevant to clinical practice, including lack of information and understanding of EPS, particularly its early symptoms At the time patients transfer from peritoneal to hemodialysis, the provision of adequate information about the risks and potential early signs of EPS may not only improve their experiences, but may also assist in early detection.
Predictors of Residual Renal Function Decline in Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Szeto Cheuk-Chun , Kwan Bonnie Ching-Ha , Chow Kai-Ming , Chung Sebastian , Yu Vincent , Cheng Phyllis Mei-Shan , Leung Chi-Bon , Law Man-Ching , Li Philip Kam-Tao 
Published: February 2014

Background Residual renal function (RRF) is an important prognostic indicator in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. We determined the predictors of RRF loss in a cohort of incident CAPD patients. Methods We reviewed the record of 645 incident CAPD patients. RRF loss is represented by the slope of decline of residual glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as well as the time to anuria. Results The average rate of residual GFR decline was -0.083 ± 0.094 mL/min/month. The rate of residual GFR decline was faster with a higher proteinuria (r = -0.506, p < 0.0001) and baseline residual GFR (r = -0.560, p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics were independent predictors of residual GFR decline. Cox proportional hazard model showed that proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes were independent predictors of progression to anuria, while a higher baseline GFR was protective. Each 1 g/day of proteinuria is associated with a 13.2% increase in the risk of progressing to anuria, each 10 g/day higher glucose exposure is associated with a 2.5% increase in risk, while each peritonitis episode confers a 3.8% increase in risk. Conclusions Our study shows that factors predicting the loss of residual solute clearance and urine output are different. Proteinuria, baseline residual GFR, and the use of diuretics are independently related to the rate of RRF decline in CAPD patients, while proteinuria, glucose exposure, and the number of peritonitis episodes are independent predictors for the development of anuria. The role of anti-proteinuric therapy and measures to prevent peritonitis episodes in the preservation of RRF should be tested in future studies.
Viridans Streptococci in Peritoneal Dialysis Peritonitis: Clinical Courses and Long-Term Outcomes
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Lee Szu-Ying , Yang Wei-Shun , Chen Huei-Wen , Fang Cheng-Chung , Yen Chung-Jen , Chiang Chih-Kang , Hung Kuan-Yu , Huang Jenq-Wen 
Published: February 2014

Background The clinical courses and long-term outcomes of viridans streptococcus (VS) peritoneal dialysis (PD) peritonitis remain unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all PD patients in a single center with gram-positive cocci (GPC) peritonitis between 2005 and 2011, and divided them into 3 groups: VS, other streptococci and other GPC (apart from VS). Clinical characteristics and outcomes of the VS group were compared with the other streptococci and other GPC groups, with prognostic factors determined. Results A total of 140 patients with 168 episodes of GPC peritonitis (44% of all peritonitis) were identified over 7 years. Among these, 18 patients (13%) developed VS peritonitis, while 14 patients (10%) developed other streptococcal peritonitis. Patients with VS peritonitis had a high cure rate by antibiotic alone (94%), despite a high polymicrobial yield frequency (28%). We found that VS peritonitis carried a lower risk of Tenckhoff catheter removal and relapsing episodes than other GPC peritonitis (6% vs 11%), and a lower mortality than other streptococci peritonitis (0% vs 7%). However, after the index peritonitis episodes, VS, other streptococci, and other GPC group had a significantly increased peritonitis incidence compared with the period before the index peritonitis (all p < 0.01). Patients with VS peritonitis had a significantly higher incidence of refractory peritonitis compared with other streptococci or other GPC peritonitis in the long term (both p < 0.01). Conclusions VS poses a higher risk of subsequent refractory peritonitis after the index episode as compared with other streptococcal or GPC peritonitis. It might be prudent to monitor the technique of these patients with VS peritonitis closely to avoid further peritonitis episodes.
Three Models of Noncooperative Oligopoly in Markets with a Continuum of Traders
Authors: Busetto Francesca , Codognato Giulio , Ghosal Sayantan 
Published: February 2014

Trois modèles d’oligopole en équilibre général avec un continu d’agents Cet article propose une reconstruction de la théorie de l’oligopole en équilibre général en univers non coopératif. Trois types de modèles en échange pur sont étudiés : le modèle de Cournot-Walras analysé dans Codognato et Gabszewicz (1991) ; le modèle de jeu de marché à la Cournot-Nash proposé initialement par Shapley ; et le modèle de Cournot-Walras étudié par Busetto et al. (2008). Nous établissons la relation qui existe entre les équilibres de ces trois modèles avec l’équilibre concurrentiel walrassien. Ensuite, nous analysons les relations entre les trois équilibres stratégiques associés à ces trois modèles. Classification JEL : C72, D51.
Voluntary Provision of a Public Good in a Strategic Market Game
Authors: Lahiri Somdeb 
Published: February 2014

Fourniture volontaire d’un bien public dans un jeu stratégique de marché L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier la compatibilité entre la mise à disposition volontaire d’un bien public et les comportements stratégiques des consommateurs sur un marché avec des biens privés. Nous étudions l’existence d’un équilibre pour lequel la fourniture du bien public est réalisée de manière privée dans un modèle avec interactions stratégiques entre un nombre fini d’agents. Le mécanisme de fourniture du bien public s’inspire du modèle de Bergstrom, Blume et Varian (1986), et le mécanisme d’échange pour les biens privés relève des jeux de marché avec transactions blanches de Dubey et Shubik (1986). L’apport de cet article réside dans une démonstration d’existence d’un point d’équilibre en stratégies pures pour un nombre fini d’agents. Dans la mesure où les équilibres triviaux sont possibles, cet équilibre est construit comme la limite de séquences d’équilibres du jeu perturbé. Classification JEL : C72, D43, H41.
Noncooperative Oligopoly in Markets with a Cobb-Douglas Continuum of Traders
Authors: Codognato Giulio , Julien Ludovic A. 
Published: February 2014

Équilibres non coopératifs à la Cournot sur les marchés avec un continu d’agents : le cas Cobb-Douglas Dans cet article, nous considérons les deux modèles d’oligopole équilibre général analysés dans Busetto et al. (2008), (2011). Ces modèles constituent deux transpositions dans le cadre d’analyse des marchés mixtes rationalisés par Shitovitz : la première est une version du modèle de Shapley et la deuxième une reformulation du modèle Cournot-Walras. Nous supposons que les agents dont la taille est négligeable ont des préférences représentées par des fonctions de type Cobb-Douglas. Cette hypothèse nous permet de construire un concept d’équilibre général stratégique, l’équilibre de Cobb-Douglas Cournot-Nash. Nous prouvons l’existence d’un tel équilibre. De plus, nous montrons l’ensemble des allocations associées à l’équilibre de Cobb-Douglas Cournot-Nash coïncide avec l’ensemble des allocations de l’équilibre Cournot-Walras. Classification JEL : C72, D51.1.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preparticipation Physical Examinations and Disqualifying Conditions
Authors: Conley Kevin M. , Bolin Delmas J. , Carek Peter J. , Konin Jeff G. , Neal Timothy L. , Violette Danielle 
Published: February 2014

ObjectiveTo present athletic trainers with recommendations for the content and administration of the preparticipation physical examination (PPE) as well as considerations for determining safe participation in sports and identifying disqualifying conditions.BackgroundPreparticipation physical examinations have been used routinely for nearly 40 years. However, considerable debate exists as to their efficacy due to the lack of standardization in the process and the lack of conformity in the information that is gathered. With the continuing rise in sports participation at all levels and the growing number of reported cases of sudden death in organized athletics, the sports medicine community should consider adopting a standardized process for conducting the PPE to protect all parties.RecommendationsRecommendations are provided to equip the sports medicine community with the tools necessary to conduct the PPE as effectively and efficiently as possible using available scientific evidence and best practices. In addition, the recommendations will help clinicians identify those conditions that may threaten the health and safety of participants in organized sports, may require further evaluation and intervention, or may result in potential disqualification.
Role of oral glutamine in alleviation and prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Chattopadhyay Subrata , Saha Aramita , Azam Mohammad , Mukherjee Anindya , Sur Prabir Kumar 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Oral mucositis is the most frequently occurring painful and dose-limiting side-effect of radiation of the head and neck region. Few studies demonstrated that oral glutamine suspension may significantly reduce the duration and severity of objective oral mucositis during radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: A randomized, prospective single institutional case control study was performed between April 2012 and November 2012 comparing the influence of oral glutamine on radiation induced mucositis in head and neck malignancy patients. Seventy biopsy proven patients with head and neck cancer receiving primary or adjuvant radiation therapy were randomized to receive either oral glutamine suspension daily 2h before radiation in the study arm (10 g in 1000 ml of water) (n = 35) or nothing before radiation; control arm (n = 35). Results and Analysis: Total 32 patients (91.43%) in the glutamine arm and total 34 patients (97.15%) developed mucositis. Grade 3 mucositis (14.29%) and grade 4 mucositis (2.86%) in the study arm (who received oral glutamine) were significantly less (P = 0.02 and P = 0.04, respectively) in the glutamine arm. The mean duration of grade 3 or worse mucositis (grade 3 and grade 4) was significantly less (6.6 days vs. 9.2 days) in study arm with P < 0.001. Mean time of onset of mucositis was significantly delayed in patients who took glutamine in comparison to control arm with P < 0.001. Conclusion: Glutamine delays oral mucositis in the head neck cancer patients. Moreover, it reduces the frequency and duration of grade 3 and grade 4 mucositis.
Assessment of nutritional status of gynecological cancer cases in India and comparison of subjective and objective nutrition assessment parameters
Authors: Das Ushashree , Patel Shilpa , Dave Kalpana , Bhansali Ronak 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Aim: To assess the nutritional status of gynecological cancer patients using scored Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) then compare it with the body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, serum albumin, and approximate percentage weight lost in last 1 month so as to find any one parameter that can be used in place of the comprehensive assessment tool. Materials and Methods: Sixty gynecological cancer patients were assessed for their nutritional status using BMI, serum albumin, hemoglobin, percentage weight lost in last 1 month, and scored PG-SGA. Correlation, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the former four parameters compared to scored PG-SGA were calculated. Results: 88.33% of cases were at risk of or had some degree of malnutrition according to scored PG-SGA. Serum albumin level ≤ 2 g/dl had highest specificity and positive predictive value at 1, whereas percentage weight lost in last month had better overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 0.5833, 0.9444, 0.875, and 0.7727, respectively. The Pearson′s correlation coefficient between scored PG-SGA and percentage weight lost in last 1 month was 0.784, highest among all the parameters. Conclusion: 88.33% of gynecologic cancer cases had some degree of malnutrition or were at risk of malnutrition. Approximate percentage weight lost in last 1 month, that is, ≥ 5% may be used in place of the comprehensive scored PG-SGA to triage the patients in case the latter is not used for some reason. Severe hypoalbuminemia ≤ 2 g/dl is an indicator of severe malnutrition in gynecologic cancer cases.
Eribulin drug review
Authors: Shetty Nishitha , Gupta Sudeep 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEribulin is an anticancer drug approved for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This drug is a synthetic derivative from Japanese marine sponge Halichondria okadai. It acts by interfering with the microtubular growth ultimately leading to apoptosis after prolonged mitotic blockage. In patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to anthracyclines and taxanes, eribulin is one of the life-saving options. Neutropenia, neuropathy and QT prolongation are the most frequent adverse events associated with this drug. Phase I/II trials are also underway in refractory lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bladder, and soft tissue tumors. Larger prospective studies will define the role of this drug in a wide variety of tumors, and the future looks very promising.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Emergency Medicine Resident Training
Authors: Greer Veronica L , Brosseit Matthew W 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
The evaluation of abdominal or pelvic pain and/or vaginal bleeding using pelvic ultrasound is a common practice of the emergency physician. In fact, the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) in 2008 published guidelines listing evaluation of pregnancy as a core application and evaluation of the adnexa as a secondary application for emergency bedside pelvic ultrasound. In 2012 the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) along with the American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) introduced milestones into residency programs to provide a framework of cognitive and behavioral performance standards, including procedure-based skills. The milestones are the knowledge, skills, attitudes and other attributes for each of the ACGME competencies that monitor resident performance throughout the residency and range from less to more advanced levels. Goal-directed focused ultrasound is one of twenty-three specific milestones that will be measured during emergency medicine training. Discussion will focus on how to teach focused goaldirected pelvic ultrasound based on the five levels within this milestone.

How to cite this article
Greer VL, Brosseit MW. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Emergency Medicine Resident Training. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):35-43.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound and Evidence-based Medicine in Medical Education
Authors: Ho Hoi , Aragon Lorenzo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTEvidence-based medicine (EBM) is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. Despite improvement in knowledge, technology, effective medical therapies and ample practice guidelines, the practice of medicine in all specialties including obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) continues to lag behind along with alarming rate of medical errors. Similarly, ultrasonography is rapidly expanding in the practice of medicine across many specialties but standardized requirements and ultrasound curricula for residency training in obstetrics and gynecology are still lacking.EBM is a required component of the curriculum of medical education at all levels but still does not have a firm foothold in the practice of medicine in the United States and other countries because of barriers. There are many proposed changes to improve the efficacy of current teaching of EBM and ultrasound including an early introduction in preclinical curriculum and integration of a longitudinal EBM-ultrasound training in the continuum of medical education.We present a case of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) which was managed according to the traditional way, and review of EBM literature to contrast differences in clinical decision of two clinical approaches.How to cite this articleAragon L, Ho H. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound and Evidence-based Medicine in Medical Education. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):77-82.
How to Effectively Mentor Junior Faculty?
Authors: Ho Hoi , Garcia Blanca , Hernandez German T , Shokar Gurjeet S 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn the current era of decreased funding for teaching and research, academic centers are increasingly focused on clinical productivity. The lack of structured mentoring programs along with increasing clinical demands has led to unrealistic academic expectations for physician faculty. Faculty mentoring is a dynamic reciprocal relationship for both the mentor and mentee to work closely in developing a professional and productive academic partnership.Both mentor and mentee are equally important in achieving a rewarding mentoring partnership. There are fundamental guidelines for the mentor and the mentee to follow to ensure the desired outcomes. Traditional mentoring relationship is strictly voluntary without a defined commitment from either party. However, outcome-driven mentoring relationship is a structured process in which specific goals and objectives are well-defined, and in which the mentoring progresses and feedback are closely monitored. Much information about faculty mentoring is derived from the mentoring of basic scientists. In contrast, there is a paucity of well-designed studies on mentoring of physician faculty. The effectiveness of mentoring programs was traditionally measured by subjective feedback, unlike outcomesdriven mentoring which uses objective measures based on a priori defined outcomes.Although individual faculty members must assume responsibility for their own academic development, their institution is obligated to provide an effective mentoring program to aid the faculty in accomplishing their assignments and advancing in their career development.How to cite this articleGarcia B, Hernandez GT, Shokar GS, Ho H. How to Effectively Mentor Junior Faculty? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):92-96.
Gender Bias in Academic Medicine
Authors: Horn Kathryn V 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
While more women graduate from medical school, there is still unequal representation of women in academic medicine, especially in the senior levels of academia. Gender bias is a strong reason women leave academic medicine. Disparities in salary and promotion, conscious and unconscious bias and institutional policies create a culture that does not favor their recruitment and retention. This article reviews literature that describes the problem and potential solutions to individuals, departments and institutions.

How to cite this article
Horn KV. Gender Bias in Academic Medicine. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 8(1):97-99.
Variantes, estratos de intervención y textos en el manuscrito autógrafo de La buena guarda y La encomienda bien guardada
Authors: Capoia Stefania 
Published: February 2014

En el presente trabajo estudio las variantes y estratos de intervención presentes en el manuscrito de La buena guarda y La encomienda bien guardada de Lope de Vega y defiendo la necesidad de afrontar la edición de la segunda versión de la obra, posibilidad hasta ahora desatendida por los editores modernos.
Changes in Arctic melt season and implications for sea ice loss
Authors: Stroeve J. C. , Markus T. , Boisvert L. , Miller J. , Barrett A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe Arctic‐wide melt season has lengthened at a rate of 5 days decade−1 from 1979 to 2013, dominated by later autumn freezeup within the Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort seas between 6 and 11 days decade−1. While melt onset trends are generally smaller, the timing of melt onset has a large influence on the total amount of solar energy absorbed during summer. The additional heat stored in the upper ocean of approximately 752 MJ m−2 during the last decade increases sea surface temperatures by 0.5 to 1.5 °C and largely explains the observed delays in autumn freezeup within the Arctic Ocean's adjacent seas. Cumulative anomalies in total absorbed solar radiation from May through September for the most recent pentad locally exceed 300–400 MJ m−2 in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian seas. This extra solar energy is equivalent to melting 0.97 to 1.3 m of ice during the summer.