bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estradiol Stimulates Apolipoprotein A-IV Gene Expression in the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract Through Estrogen Receptor-α
Authors: Shen Ling , Liu Yin , Wang David Q.H. , Tso Patrick , Woods Stephen C. , Liu Min 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Although estrogens have been implicated in the regulation of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) gene expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, previous studies have not defined the molecular mechanism. The aim of this study was to examine the transcriptional mechanisms involved in regulation of apo A-IV gene expression. Using cultured primary neuronal cells from rat embryonic brainstems, we found that treatment with 10nM 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (E2) or 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol (an estrogen receptor [ER]α agonist), but not 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (an ERβ agonist), significantly increased apo A-IV gene expression, compared with vehicle treatment. This effect of E2 was abolished when the cells were incubated with E2 linked to BSA, which prevents E2 from entering cells, implying that a nongenomic mechanism of E2 is not involved. Two putative estrogen response elements were identified at the 5′-upstream region of the apo A-IV gene promoter, but only 1 of them was able to recruit ERα, leading to increased apo A-IV gene expression, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase activity analysis. A cyclic regimen of E2 or 4,4′,4″-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl) trisphenol treatment for 8 cycles (4 d/cycle, mimicking the ovarian cycle of female rats) in ovariectomized female rats significantly reduced food intake and body weight gain and increased apo A-IV gene expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, relative to vehicle. These data collectively demonstrate that nuclear ERα is the primary mediator of E2's action on apo A-IV gene expression and suggest that increased signaling of endogenous apo A-IV may at least partially mediate E2-induced inhibitory effect on feeding.
Crystal Structures of Lanthanoid(III) (Ln(III), Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) Nitrate Complexes with N,N,N′,N′-Tetraethyldiglycolamide
Authors: Okumura Shin , Kawasaki Takeshi , Sasaki Yuji , Ikeda Yasuhisa 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Novel lanthanoid(III) (Ln(III)) complexes with N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyldiglycolamide (TEDGA), [Ln(TEDGA)3](NO3)3·4H2O (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), have been synthesized and characterized crystallographically. The [Ln(TEDGA)3]3+ cations exhibit a distorted tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination geometry, and the three nitrate ions exist as counter anions of the [Ln(TEDGA)3]3+ cation. These crystals contain four hydrates as water of crystallization. The structural features indicate that the total sizes of the [Ln(TEDGA)3]3+ cations of heavy Ln(III) complexes are smaller and are more compact than those of light Ln(III) complexes.
Returning biodiversity of rehabilitated forest on a coal mined site at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra
Authors: SUHARTOYO HERY , MUNAWAR ALI , WIRYONO WIRYONO 
Published: July 2014

Suhartoyo H, Munawar A, Wiryono. 2012. Returning biodiversity of rehabilitated forest on a coal mined site at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. Biodiversitas 13: 13-17. Restoring disturbed mined land is challenging since the outcomes of various rehabilitation procedures on mined sites in terms of vegetation structure, composition and ecological function are not presently understood, especially in the developing countries. This study examined the mechanism of biodiversity recruitment, especially on structural attributes of an undisturbed forest community and rehabilitated forests of different ages on sites disturbed by coal-mining operations at Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra. Un-mined forest was characterized by complex structural features including a dense stand of trees in a range of sizeclasses, an almost closed canopy, and a shrubby understorey. In contrast, young mined sites were characterized by a low density of woody stems, a relatively open canopy and herbaceous ground cover. Soil characteristics of rehabilitated site were progressing towards the reference site. The marked differences in structural complexity between unmined and mined sites suggest that it will take very long time for the mined sites to recover into their original conditions. So, more restoration intervention will be needed to speed the recoveryprocesses.
Key words: restoration, mining, biodiversity, structural complexity.INTRODUCTIONRehabilitation of disturbed areas due to miningactivities is intended to assist the environment in returningto a stable and sustainable land use as soon as possible(Bell 1996; Parker 1997). The nature of the post-miningland use will depend on a number of factors including theecological potential of the mined environment and thewishes of the neighboring society. Currently, in Australia,many mining operations are using native plant species inrehabilitation programs leading to the establishment ofpastures and forests (Bell 1996, 2001; Gardner 2001),however in Indonesia, mining operators are mostly usingfast growing exotic species in their rehabilitation(Suhartoyo 2008), as in many other countries al around theworld (MartÃ­nez-Ruiz et al. 2007; Alday et al. 2010).As more mine operators need to establish their postmining plan
The threats on the biodiversity of Bisotun Wildlife Refuge and Bisotun Protected Area (BPA & BWR) in the west region of Iran
Authors: REYAHI-KHORAM MAHDI , RIZVANDY MRZIEH , REYAHI-KHORAM REIHANEH 
Published: July 2014

Reyahi-Khoram M, Rizvandy M, Reyahi-Khoram R. 2014.Â The threats on the biodiversity of Bisotun Wildlife Refuge and Bisotun Protected Area (BPA & BWR) in the west region of Iran. Biodiversitas 15: 67-74. Nature is necessary for the preservation of species andÂ biodiversity richness; as a result, it has been protected for thousands of years. Bisotun Protected Area and Bisotun Wildlife Refuge (BPA & BWR) with about 95000 hectares is located in Kermanshah province in the west of Iran. The object of this study is to determineÂ the physical properties and analyze the constraints that threaten the BPA & BWR. This research was conducted during the period fromÂ May, 2011 to November, 2012 in BPA & BWR. In this research, various animal and plant species were recognized throughÂ documentary analysis and also directs field observations. The obtained result indicates that major threats have occurred in biodiversityÂ and ecosystem of BPA & BWR during 1980-2010. During these years, the study area has completely failed and lost some of itsÂ biological diversity. Limiting factors that affect wildlife population growth including destruction and conversion of habitats,Â unauthorized hunting and high frequency presence of animal and human, have influenced the restoration potential of wildlife, theÂ habitats and other conservation areas.
Conservation status and distribution pattern of the Indus River Dolphin in River Beas, India
Authors: KHAN MOHD SHAHNAWAZ , PANT ANJANA 
Published: July 2014

Khan MS, Pant A. 2014. Conservation status and distribution pattern of the Indus River Dolphin in River Beas, India. Biodiversitas 15:Â 75-79. Decline in the populations of Indus River Dolphins Platanista gangetica minor throughout its range of distribution and aÂ perception that it is a 'keystone species' for riverine ecosystem stirred the idea of proposed study. Deficiency of baseline data on itsÂ distribution and ecology is a major constraint that this (only known sub-population in India) speciesâ€™ conservation is facing in theÂ country. Thus to ascertain its conservation status and distribution pattern, the study was conducted between December 2010 to JuneÂ 2012. During the study, three schools of dolphins have been identified, one each along Beas bridge-Gagdewal; Baguwal-Dhunda andÂ Karmowala-Harike that comprised of adult, sub-adult and calves. The occurrence dolphins was found attributed to preferred habitatÂ features such as deep pools, slow water current, abundant prey base and low disturbance.
Site suitability to tourist use or management programs South Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt
Authors: AMMAR MOHAMMED S. A. , HASSANEIN MOHAMMAD , MADKOUR HASHEM ABBAS , ABD-ELGAWAD AMRO A. 
Published: July 2014

Ammar MSA, Hassanein M, Madkour HA, Abd-Elgawad AE. 2011. Site suitability to tourist use or management programsÂ South Marsa Alam, Red Sea, Egypt. Nusantara Bioscience 3: 36-43. Twenty sites in the southern Egyptian Red Sea (Marsa Alam-RasÂ Banas sector) were surveyed principally for sensitivity significance throughout the periode 2002-2003. Sensitivity of the study area wasÂ derived from internationally known criteria, the key words of each criterion and a brief description of its use was described. The present study assigned for the first time a numerical total environmental significance score that gives a full sensitivity significance evaluation forÂ any site to decide to select either for tourist use or management purposes. However, the results of the study still have the availability toÂ arrange sites with respect to one criterion or only two or many of the used criteria whichever needed. Sites selected for protection areÂ categorized as belonging to the following protected area categories: sites 7, 10 (category vi), site 18 (category ib), site 5 (category iv),Â sites 16, 17 (category ii). Sites selected for tourist uses are suggested to be classified into 2 categories: first category sites (sites 1, 3, 8,Â 11, 13, 15) which are recommended as tourist use sites with management of the sensitive resources beside non consumptive recreationalÂ activities like swimming, diving, boating, surfing, wind-surfing, jet skiing, bird watching, snorkelling, etc.; second category sites (sitesÂ 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14, 19, 20) which are recommended as tourist use sites with both non consumptive and managed consumptive recreationalÂ activities like fishing.
The mycobiota associated with paper archives and their potential control
Authors: EL-NAGAREABI SAIFELDIN A.F. , ELSHAFIE ABDULKADIRI E. , AL-HINAI UMAIMA A 
Published: July 2014

El-Nagerabi SAF, Elshafie AE, Al-Hinai UA. 2014. The mycobiota associated with paper archives and their potential control. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 19-25. Historical collections kept in archives and libraries represent a cultural and artistic heritage of innumerable value. Recently in Oman, more than seventy thousand documents were collected from different countries and displayed as archives showed evident sign of mold contamination. The objectives of the present study were to screen these archives for mold invasion and a test for the effective control measure. For this, 102 samples were collected from documents of different sources and incubated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at ambient temperature (25 â—‹CÂ±2). The isolated fungi were identified microscopically and confirmed with DNA extraction, PCR and DNA sequencing. Twenty-two fungal species belonging to 11 genera were recovered. The genus Penicillium (46.8%) was the most prevalent, followed by Aspergillus (30.7%), Cladosporium (7%), Rhizopus (4%), and Chaetomium (3.5%) whereas the remaining 6 genera represent only 8%. Eleven species were previously reported from similar substrates, whereas 11 species and one genus are new records for the mycoflora of archives. Sodium hypochlorite at 0.3-5.2% completely inhibited the fungal growth of the 10 tested fungal isolates with minimum inhibition concentration at 0.7%. Fumigation of books with 0.7-5.2% sodium hypochlorite completely inhibited all fungi without evident damage of the documents or ink discoloration. Therefore, sodium hypochlorite can be recommended as effective and eco-friendly disinfectant for archives comparable to other hazardous chemicals.
Comparative Law, Anti-essentialism and Intersectionality: Reflections from Southeast Asia in Search of an Elusive Balance
Authors: Jamal Arif A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper explores the paradox of diversity and similarity within legal “traditions”. More particularly, in looking especially at comparative law scholarship on Southeast Asia, it asks if there are any lessons that comparative law theory can learn about how to account for commonality and difference in large and diverse contexts from the perspectives of intersectionality and anti-essentialism that have been developed in feminist scholarship. The paper concludes that feminist scholarship does not resolve the paradox that comparative legal study makes evident but that it does make us better realise the importance of open-textured “narratives of affinity” and “contingent classification” in legal contexts.
Water Treatment Combined Chlorine (Monochloramine) Degradation using Direct Photolysis and Homogeneous Photocatalysis (UV/H2O2, UV/NaOCl) with a Medium Pressure (MP) Lamp as a Source of UV
Authors: Abdessemed Ala , Djebbar Kamel E. , El-Kalliny Amer S. , Sehili T. , Nugteren Henk , Appel Peter W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the use of photochemical systems (photolysis, H2O2/UVMP and NaOCl/UVMP) to deplete monochloramine compound with a medium pressure lamp as an irradiation source (200–600 nm).
First, it was found that the direct photolysis treatment was a suitable method to degrade the given compound and that this degradation was greatly enhanced by H2O2/UVMP. This could be attributed to radical •OH produced in great amount by the photolysis of H2O2. However, no big advantages were observed when we used NaOCl/UVMP system. Indeed, this process generated radical •OH (but in feeble amount) and also radical Cl• (to form chloramins) and leading consequently to a less degradation rate comparatively to that obtained with H2O2/UVMP. This could be explained by a competition between the two species: •OH and Cl• for the compound. In addition, kinetics data for the three systems were best represented by a pseudo-first-order model and the photodecomposition of NH2Cl has led to the formation of nitrite, nitrate without forming ammonia.
It is essential to mention that •OH radicals produced from H2O2/UVMP and NaOCl/UVMP was detected by a photoluminescence (PL) technic using terephthalic acid (TA) as a probe molecule.
Bounding the order of a group with a large conjugacy class
Authors: Harrison Anthony W. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we present results for a group theoretic analog to a parameter defined in terms of irreducible character degrees. Let G be a finite group and k be the size of the largest conjugacy class of G. The parameter e is defined by the equation

|
G
|

=

k

(

k

+
e
)

${|G|=\sqrt{k}(\sqrt{k}+e)}$

. We show that

|
G
|

≤

(
p
/

(
p
-
1
)

2

)

e
2

${|G| \le (p/(p-1)^2)e^2}$

where p is the smallest prime dividing the order of G and classify groups that satisfy this bound.
Curing kinetics of styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) copolymer by peroxides in the presence of co-agents
Authors: Polat Kinyas , Şen Murat 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this study, styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) samples with different viscosities were cured using 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy) hexane (DBPH) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) separately in the presence of co-agents 2,4,6-tris-2-propenyloxy-1,3,5-triazin (TAC) or 1,3,5-trially-s-triazine-2,4,6,(1H,3H,5H)-trione (TAIC). Curing was carried out by means of a moving die rheometer device (MDR). Curing rate constants and energy of activation were obtained. Swelling and percent gelation values were evaluated by Sol-Gel analysis. Optimal curing conditions were determined to shed light on the curing characteristics of SEBS. It was shown that the rate of curing reaction of SEBS depended on the type of peroxides, co-agents and the viscosity of SEBS. Also it was shown that increased temperature enhanced the rate of curing.
The effect of ultraviolet irradiation and temperature on the resilience of high density polyethylene
Authors: Ladaci Naouri , Belbah Ahmed , Kraim Kheirddine , Mebarki Nadia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
High density polyethylene (HDPE) has recently been established as the material of choice for the distribution and transport of drinking water on economic and public health levels. Because of this, a simulation study was conducted to investigate the effect of aging by two factors on HDPE, in order to check the mechanical robustness of this material with regards to climate change. First, specimens of the material (HDPE80) underwent treatment with irradiation by ultraviolet (UV) radiation for different periods up to 120 h. The accelerated aging process by UV irradiation gave a negative correlation between resilience and the irradiation time in hours. Second, we tested the HDPE80 resilience to different temperatures, at various notch depths (0.4, 0.8, 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mm), to external shocks.
European survey of diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome: results of the ESE PCOS Special Interest Group's Questionnaire
Authors: Conway Gerard , Dewailly Didier , Diamanti-Kandarakis Evanthia , Escobar-Morreale Hector F , Franks Steven , Gambineri Alessandra , Kelestimur Fahrettin , Macut Djuro , Micic Dragan , Pasquali Renato , Pfeifer Marija , Pignatelli Duarte , Pugeat Michel , Yildiz Bulent O 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThere is evidence for differences between endocrinologists and other specialists in their approach to diagnosis and management of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).ObjectiveA mailed survey consisting of a simple questionnaire aiming to understand current practice for diagnosis and management of the PCOS by specialists across Europe.MethodsThe questionnaire consisted of 23 questions grouped to achieve information on i) the general characteristics of the respondents, ii) patients with PCOS seen by endocrinologists, iii) the main diagnostic criteria, iv) biochemical parameters used in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism, v) long-term concerns, and, finally vi) treatment choices. A total of 357 questionnaires representing 13.3% of the members of European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) were available for final analysis; 93% of the respondents were endocrinologistsResultsIn relation to the diagnostic criteria, respondents were most likely to select menstrual irregularity as the most frequent criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS although very high rates were achieved for the use of hirsutism and biochemical hyperandrogenism. It therefore appears that the NIH criteria were followed by the majority of respondents. The most frequent biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenism were total testosterone or free androgen index. Obesity and type 2 diabetes were regarded as the principal long-term concerns for PCOS. The most common treatments for patients with PCOS were metformin (33%), lifestyle modification (25%), and oral contraceptives (22%). More direct treatments of infertility include clomiphene citrate alone or in combination with metformin, prescribed by 9 and 23%, respectively, whereas only 6% used other methods for induction of ovulation.ConclusionThe survey produced by ESE is a good start for evaluating the perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS by endocrinologists in Europe.
HIV and Child Mental Health: A Case-Control Study in Rwanda
Authors: Betancourt Theresa , Scorza Pamela , Kanyanganzi Frederick , Fawzi Mary C. Smith , Sezibera Vincent , Cyamatare Felix , Beardslee William , Stulac Sara , Bizimana Justin I. , Stevenson Anne , Kayiteshonga Yvonne 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND:
The global HIV/AIDS response has advanced in addressing the health and well-being of HIV-positive children. Although attention has been paid to children orphaned by parental AIDS, children who live with HIV-positive caregivers have received less attention. This study compares mental health problems and risk and protective factors in HIV-positive, HIV-affected (due to caregiver HIV), and HIV-unaffected children in Rwanda.

METHODS:
A case-control design assessed mental health, risk, and protective factors among 683 children aged 10 to 17 years at different levels of HIV exposure. A stratified random sampling strategy based on electronic medical records identified all known HIV-positive children in this age range in 2 districts in Rwanda. Lists of all same-age children in villages with an HIV-positive child were then collected and split by HIV status (HIV-positive, HIV-affected, and HIV-unaffected). One child was randomly sampled from the latter 2 groups to compare with each HIV-positive child per village.

RESULTS:
HIV-affected and HIV-positive children demonstrated higher levels of depression, anxiety, conduct problems, and functional impairment compared with HIV-unaffected children. HIV-affected children had significantly higher odds of depression (1.68: 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.44), anxiety (1.77: 95% CI 1.14–2.75), and conduct problems (1.59: 95% CI 1.04–2.45) compared with HIV-unaffected children, and rates of these mental health conditions were similar to HIV-positive children. These results remained significant after controlling for contextual variables.

CONCLUSIONS:
The mental health of HIV-affected children requires policy and programmatic responses comparable to HIV-positive children.
Forging a Pediatric Primary Care–Community Partnership to Support Food-Insecure Families
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Henize Adrienne W. , Kahn Robert S. , Reiber Kurt L. , Young John J. , Klein Melissa D. 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Academic primary care clinics often care for children from underserved populations affected by food insecurity. Clinical-community collaborations could help mitigate such risk. We sought to design, implement, refine, and evaluate Keeping Infants Nourished and Developing (KIND), a collaborative intervention focused on food-insecure families with infants.

METHODS:
Pediatricians and community collaborators codeveloped processes to link food-insecure families with infants to supplementary infant formula, educational materials, and clinic and community resources. Intervention evaluation was done prospectively by using time-series analysis and descriptive statistics to characterize and enumerate those served by KIND during its first 2 years. Analyses assessed demographic, clinical, and social risk outcomes, including completion of preventive services and referral to social work or our medical-legal partnership. Comparisons were made between those receiving and not receiving KIND by using χ2 statistics.

RESULTS:
During the 2-year study period, 1042 families with infants received KIND. Recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to have completed a lead test and developmental screen (both P &lt; .001), and they were more likely to have received a full set of well-infant visits by 14 months (42.0% vs 28.7%; P &lt; .0001). Those receiving KIND also were significantly more likely to have been referred to social work (29.2% vs 17.6%; P &lt; .0001) or the medical-legal partnership (14.8% vs 5.7%; P &lt; .0001). Weight-for-length at 9 months did not statistically differ between groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
A clinical-community collaborative enabled pediatric providers to address influential social determinants of health. This food insecurity–focused intervention was associated with improved preventive care outcomes for the infants served.