bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent (Late Amazonian) enhanced backweathering rates on Mars: Paracratering evidence from gully alcoves
Authors: de Haas Tjalling , Conway Susan J. , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMars is believed to have been exposed to low planet‐wide weathering and denudation since the Noachian. However, the widespread occurrence of alcoves at the rim of pristine impact craters suggests locally enhanced recent backweathering rates. Here we derive Late Amazonian backweathering rates from the alcoves of 10 young equatorial and midlatitude craters. The enhanced Late Amazonian Martian backweathering rates (10−4–10−1 mm yr−1) are approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than previously reported erosion rates and are similar to terrestrial rates inferred from Meteor crater and various Arctic and Alpine rock faces. Alcoves on initially highly fractured and oversteepened crater rims following impact show enhanced backweathering rates that decline over at least 101–102 Myr as the crater wall stabilizes. This “paracratering” backweathering decline with time is analogous to the paraglacial effect observed in rock slopes after deglaciation, but the relaxation timescale of 101–102 Myr compared to 10 kyr of the Milankovitch‐controlled interglacial duration questions whether a paraglacial steady state is reached on Earth. The backweathering rates on the gullied pole‐facing alcoves of the studied midlatitude craters are much higher (∼2–60 times) than those on slopes with other azimuths and those in equatorial craters. The enhanced backweathering rates on gullied crater slopes may result from liquid water acting as a catalyst for backweathering. The decrease in backweathering rates over time might explain the similar size of gullies in young (<1 Ma) and much older craters, as alcove growth and sediment supply decrease to low‐background rates over time.
Neuroprotective effects of deep hypothermia in refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Niquet Jerome , Gezalian Michael , Baldwin Roger , Wasterlain Claude G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivePharmacoresistance develops quickly during repetitive seizures, and refractory status epilepticus (RSE) remains a therapeutic challenge. The outcome of RSE is poor, with high mortality and morbidity. New treatments are needed. Deep hypothermia (20°C) is used clinically during reconstructive cardiac surgery and neurosurgery, and has proved safe and effective in those indications. We tested the hypothesis that deep hypothermia reduces RSE and its long‐term consequences.MethodsWe used a model of SE induced by lithium and pilocarpine and refractory to midazolam. Several EEG measures were recorded in both hypothermic (n = 17) and normothermic (n = 20) animals. Neuronal injury (by Fluoro‐Jade B), cell‐mediated inflammation, and breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) (by immunohistochemistry) were studied 48 h following SE onset.ResultsNormothermic rats in RSE seized for 4.1 ± 1.1 h, and at 48 h they displayed extensive neuronal injury in many brain regions, including hippocampus, dentate gyrus, amygdala, entorhinal and pyriform cortices, thalamus, caudate/putamen, and the frontoparietal neocortex. Deep hypothermia (20°C) of 30 min duration terminated RSE within 12 min of initiation of hypothermia, reduced EEG power and seizure activity upon rewarming, and eliminated SE‐induced neuronal injury in most animals. Normothermic rats showed widespread breakdown of the BBB, and extensive macrophage infiltration in areas of neuronal injury, which were completely absent in animals treated with hypothermia.InterpretationThese results suggest that deep hypothermia may open a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of RSE and for the prevention of its long‐term consequences.
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Cannabinoid Treatments in the Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Ste‐Marie Peter A. , Häuser Winfried , Clauw Daniel J. , Jamal Shahin , Karsh Jacob , Landry Tara , Leclercq Sharon , Mcdougall Jason J. , Shir Yoram , Shojania Kam , Walsh Zach 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabinoids (phyto‐ and syntheto‐) in the management of rheumatic diseases.MethodsMultiple databases, including Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL, were searched. Randomized controlled trials with outcomes of pain, sleep, quality of life, tolerability (dropouts due to adverse events), and safety (serious adverse events), with comparison of cannabinoids with any type of control, were included. Study methodology quality was evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias tool.ResultsIn 4 short‐term studies comprising 203 patients (58 with rheumatoid arthritis, 71 with fibromyalgia, and 74 with osteoarthritis [OA]), cannabinoids had a statistically significant effect on pain in 2, sleep in 2, and improved quality of life in 1, with the OA study prematurely terminated due to futility. The risk of bias was high for all 3 completed studies. Dizziness, cognitive problems, and drowsiness, as well as nausea, were reported for almost half of the patients. No serious adverse events were reported for cannabinoids during the study duration. No studies of herbal cannabis were identified.ConclusionExtremely small sample sizes, short study duration, heterogeneity of rheumatic conditions and products, and absence of studies of herbal cannabis allow for only limited conclusions for the effects of cannabinoids in rheumatic conditions. Pain relief and effect on sleep may have some potential therapeutic benefit, but with considerable mild to moderate adverse events. There is currently insufficient evidence to recommend cannabinoid treatments for management of rheumatic diseases pending further study.
Hierarchisch strukturierte Nanomaterialien für die elektrochemische Energieumwandlung
Authors: Trogadas Panagiotis , Ramani Vijay , Strasser Peter , Fuller Thomas F. , Coppens Marc‐Olivier 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHierarchische Nanomaterialien eignen sich hervorragend als Elektrokatalysatoren und Träger von Elektrokatalysatoren in Systemen für die elektrochemische Energieumwandlung. Die intrinsische Kinetik eines Elektrokatalysators wird von der Nanostruktur der aktiven Phasen und des Trägers bestimmt, während die Gesamteigenschaften auch von der Mesostruktur abhängen. Eine Kontrolle über diese beiden Strukturen ist demzufolge nötig. Es werden eine vergleichende Übersicht über die modernsten Katalysatoren und Träger sowie eine detaillierte Beschreibung von Synthesemethoden gegeben. Weitergehende Designverbesserungen bei hierarchischen Nanomaterialien erfordern die tiefgründige Erforschung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Architektur der Materialien und ihrer Reaktions‐ sowie Transportkinetik. Dafür können Vorbilder aus der Natur genutzt werden, die viele sehr effektive hierarchische Strukturen hervorgebracht hat. Die grundlegenden Kenntnis darüber, wie die begehrten Eigenschaften biologischer Systeme und ihre hierarchischen Architektur zusammenhängen, kann eine Basis für die Entwicklung neuartiger katalytischer Nanomaterialien und elektrochemischer Systeme nach dem Vorbild der Natur sein.
Selective Extraction and In Situ Reduction of Precious Metal Salts from Model Waste To Generate Hybrid Gels with Embedded Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles
Authors: Okesola Babatunde O. , Suravaram Sindhu K. , Parkin Alison , Smith David K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA hydrogel based on 1,3:2,4‐dibenzylidenesorbitol (DBS), modified with acyl hydrazides which extracts gold/silver salts from model waste is reported, with preferential uptake of precious heavy metals over other common metals. Reduction of gold/silver salts occurs spontaneously in the gel to yield metal nanoparticles located on the gel nanofibers. High nanoparticle loadings can be achieved, endowing the gel with electrochemical activity. These hybrid gels exhibit higher conductances than gels doped with carbon nanotubes, and can be used to modify electrode surfaces, enhancing electrocatalysis. We reason this simple, industrially and environmentally relevant approach to conducting materials is of considerable significance.
Ambiguity Attitudes over Time
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Onculer Ayse 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPrevious research demonstrates that individuals exhibit a stronger level of ambiguity aversion for high probabilities than for low probabilities. Given that risky and ambiguous prospects are often unresolved until a future date (e.g., investment decisions, new product launches, and medical interventions), this study examines the impact of time on ambiguity preferences at different probability levels. Our experimental results indicate that although ambiguity preferences for low‐probability events remain constant, a robust effect of time occurs for high‐probability events. More specifically, temporal distance mitigates ambiguity aversion. This effect is consistent for different elicitation methods (preference rating and probability–ambiguity trade‐off tasks). We propose a dual‐process model (affective versus cognitive processing styles) to explain our results. Affective processing for high‐probability lotteries resolved in the current period increases ambiguity aversion, while cognitive processing leads to less ambiguity‐averse choices for future lotteries. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic metabolic flux analysis using a convex analysis approach: Application to hybridoma cell cultures in perfusion
Authors: Fernandes de Sousa Sofia , Bastin Georges , Jolicoeur Mario , Vande Wouwer Alain 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIn recent years, dynamic metabolic flux analysis (DMFA) has been developed in order to evaluate the dynamic evolution of the metabolic fluxes. Most of the proposed approaches are dedicated to exactly determined or overdetermined systems. When an underdetermined system is considered, the literature suggests the use of dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA). However the main challenge of this approach is to determine an appropriate objective function, which remains valid over the whole culture. In this work, we propose an alternative dynamic metabolic flux analysis based on convex analysis, DMFCA, which allows the determination of bounded intervals for the fluxes using the available knowledge of the metabolic network and information provided by the time evolution of extracellular component concentrations. Smoothing splines and mass balance differential equations are used to estimate the time evolution of the uptake and excretion rates from this experimental data. The main advantage of the proposed procedure is that it does not require additional constraints or objective functions, and provides relatively narrow intervals for the intracellular metabolic fluxes. DMFCA is applied to experimental data from hybridoma HB58 cell perfusion cultures, in order to investigate the influence of the operating mode (batch and perfusion) on the metabolic flux distribution. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1102–1112. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High throughput determination of cleaning solutions to prevent the fouling of an anion exchange resin
Authors: Elich Thomas , Iskra Timothy , Daniels William , Morrison Christopher J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEffective cleaning of chromatography resin is required to prevent fouling and maximize the number of processing cycles which can be achieved. Optimization of resin cleaning procedures, however, can lead to prohibitive material, labor, and time requirements, even when using milliliter scale chromatography columns. In this work, high throughput (HT) techniques were used to evaluate cleaning agents for a monoclonal antibody (mAb) polishing step utilizing Fractogel® EMD TMAE HiCap (M) anion exchange (AEX) resin. For this particular mAb feed stream, the AEX resin could not be fully restored with traditional NaCl and NaOH cleaning solutions, resulting in a loss of impurity capacity with resin cycling. Miniaturized microliter scale chromatography columns and an automated liquid handling system (LHS) were employed to evaluate various experimental cleaning conditions. Cleaning agents were monitored for their ability to maintain resin impurity capacity over multiple processing cycles by analyzing the flowthrough material for turbidity and high molecular weight (HMW) content. HT experiments indicated that a 167 mM acetic acid strip solution followed by a 0.5 M NaOH, 2 M NaCl sanitization provided approximately 90% cleaning improvement over solutions containing solely NaCl and/or NaOH. Results from the microliter scale HT experiments were confirmed in subsequent evaluations at the milliliter scale. These results identify cleaning agents which may restore resin performance for applications involving fouling species in ion exchange systems. In addition, this work demonstrates the use of miniaturized columns operated with an automated LHS for HT evaluation of chromatographic cleaning procedures, effectively decreasing material requirements while simultaneously increasing throughput. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1251–1259. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Host cell protein impurities in chromatographic polishing steps for monoclonal antibody purification
Authors: Levy Nicholas E. , Valente Kristin N. , Lee Kelvin H. , Lenhoff Abraham M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDownstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is normally performed using a platform process that is empirically tuned to optimize impurity removal for each new product. A more fundamental understanding of impurities and the product itself would provide insights into the rational design of efficient downstream processes. This work examines the chromatographic properties of Chinese hamster ovary host cell protein (HCP) impurities in non‐affinity chromatographic resins commonly used in polishing steps for monoclonal antibody purification: ion‐exchange, hydrophobic interaction, and multimodal. Using proteomic analysis, the specific HCP impurities that elute close to mAb products are identified for these resins at typical downstream processing conditions. Additionally, the interactions of HCP impurities with mAb products are profiled to determine the total extent of product association and the specific HCP species that form associative complexes under conditions encountered in polishing columns. Product association and co‐elution were both identified as viable mechanisms of HCP retention for the non‐affinity resins tested here. A relatively large sub‐population of HCP impurities was found to co‐elute or associate with mAbs in each polishing column, but only a small population of HCPs—including lipoprotein lipase, chrondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4, nidogen‐1, and SPARC—were identified as difficult to remove across an entire downstream mAb process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1260–1272. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of Fluorescent Protein Probes Specific for Parallel DNA and RNA G‐Quadruplexes
Authors: Dang Dung Thanh , Phan Anh Tuân 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have developed fluorescent protein probes specific for parallel G‐quadruplexes by attaching cyan fluorescent protein to the G‐quadruplex‐binding motif of the RNA helicase RHAU. Fluorescent probes containing RHAU peptide fragments of different lengths were constructed, and their binding to G‐quadruplexes was characterized. The selective recognition and discrimination of G‐quadruplex topologies by the fluorescent protein probes was easily detected by the naked eye or by conventional gel imaging.
Pigmented perianal macules
Authors: Rallis Efstathios , Tsibouris Panagiotis 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessagePrimary mucosal melanoma occurs in under 2% of melanomas. Anorectal melanoma is a rare disorder, approximately accounting for 1% of all anorectal carcinomas. Primary anorectal melanoma presents predominantly in women, in the 4th–6th decade of life. Typical clinical manifestations include rectal bleeding and tenesmus. The prognosis remains poor.
Cell‐free DNA testing in a trisomy 21 pregnancy with confined placental mosaicism for a cell line with trisomy for both chromosomes 18 and 21
Authors: Crooks Kristy , Edwardsen Ginger , O'Connor Siobhan , Powell Cynthia , Vargo Diane , Vora Neeta , Kaiser‐Rogers Kathleen 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageNIPT (noninvasive prenatal testing) detected trisomy for two chromosomes. One trisomy reflected the fetal karyotype, and the other resulted from CPM (confined placental mosaicism). This case illustrates that extensive cytogenetic analysis can be required to identify CPM, and that patients should be counseled regarding the possibility of discordant NIPT results.
A case of neurolymphomatosis caused by follicular lymphoma successfully treated with bendamustine
Authors: Umeda Masayuki , Kondo Tadakazu , Nishikori Momoko , Kitano Toshiyuki , Hishizawa Masakatsu , Kadowaki Norimitsu , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageCurrently, there is no standard treatment for neurolymphomatosis because of the scarcity of clinical studies. Here, we report the successful treatment of neurolymphomatosis caused by follicular lymphoma with bendamustine, which could be an effective treatment option for this condition.
Anhydrous Amorphous Calcium Oxalate Nanoparticles from Ionic Liquids: Stable Crystallization Intermediates in the Formation of Whewellite
Authors: Gehl Aaron , Dietzsch Michael , Mondeshki Mihail , Bach Sven , Häger Tobias , Panthöfer Martin , Barton Bastian , Kolb Ute , Tremel Wolfgang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms by which amorphous intermediates transform into crystalline materials are not well understood. To test the viability and the limits of the classical crystallization, new model systems for crystallization are needed. With a view to elucidating the formation of an amorphous precursor and its subsequent crystallization, the crystallization of calcium oxalate, a biomineral widely occurring in plants, is investigated. Amorphous calcium oxalate (ACO) precipitated from an aqueous solution is described as a hydrated metastable phase, as often observed during low‐temperature inorganic synthesis and biomineralization. In the presence of water, ACO rapidly transforms into hydrated whewellite (monohydrate, CaC2O4⋅H2O, COM). The problem of fast crystallization kinetics is circumvented by synthesizing anhydrous ACO from a pure ionic liquid (IL‐ACO) for the first time. IL‐ACO is stable in the absence of water at ambient temperature. It is obtained as well‐defined, non‐agglomerated particles with diameters of 15–20 nm. When exposed to water, it crystallizes to give (hydrated) COM through a dissolution/recrystallization mechanism.
Effect of the Metal on Disulfide/Thiolate Interconversion: Manganese versus Cobalt
Authors: Gennari Marcello , Brazzolotto Deborah , Yu Shengying , Pécaut Jacques , Philouze Christian , Rouzières Mathieu , Clérac Rodolphe , Orio Maylis , Duboc Carole 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIt has recently been proposed that disulfide/thiolate interconversion supported by transition‐metal ions is involved in several relevant biological processes. In this context, the present contribution represents a unique investigation of the effect of the coordinated metal (M) on the Mn+disulfide/M(n+1)+thiolate switch properties. Like its isostructural CoII‐based parent compound, CoII2SS (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.­ 2014, 53, 5318), the new dinuclear disulfide‐bridged MnII complex MnII2SS can undergo an MIIdisulfide/MIIIthiolate interconversion, which leads to the first disulfide/thiolate switch based on Mn. The coordination of iodide to the metal ion stabilizes the oxidized form, as the disulfide is reduced to the thiolate. The reverse process, which involves the reduction of MIII to MII with the concomitant oxidation of the thiolates, requires the release of iodide. The MnII2SS complex slowly reacts with Bu4NI in CH2Cl2 to afford the mononuclear MnIIIthiolate complex MnIIII. The process is much slower (ca. 16 h) and much less efficient (ca. 30 % yield) with respect to the instantaneous and quantitative conversion of CoII2SS into CoIIII under similar conditions. This distinctive behavior can be rationalized by considering the different electrochemical properties of the involved Co and Mn complexes and the DFT‐calculated driving force of the disulfide/thiolate conversion. For both Mn and Co systems, MIIdisulfide/MIIIthiolate interconversion is reversible. However, when the iodide is removed with Ag+, the MII2SS complexes are regenerated, albeit much slower for Mn than for Co systems.
A Combined NMR and Computational Approach to Determine the RGDechi‐hCit‐αvβ3 Integrin Recognition Mode in Isolated Cell Membranes
Authors: Farina Biancamaria , de Paola Ivan , Russo Luigi , Capasso Domenica , Liguoro Annamaria , Gatto Annarita Del , Saviano Michele , Pedone Paolo V. , Di Gaetano Sonia , Malgieri Gaetano , Zaccaro Laura , Fattorusso Roberto 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe critical role of integrins in tumor progression and metastasis has stimulated intense efforts to identify pharmacological agents that can modulate integrin function. In recent years, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrin antagonists were demonstrated to be effective in blocking tumor progression. RGDechi‐hCit, a chimeric peptide containing a cyclic RGD motif linked to an echistatin C‐terminal fragment, is able to recognize selectively αvβ3 integrin both in vitro and in vivo. High‐resolution molecular details of the selective αvβ3 recognition of the peptide are certainly required, nonetheless RGDechi‐hCit internalization limited the use of classical in cell NMR experiments. To overcome such limitations, we used WM266 isolated cellular membranes to accomplish a detailed NMR interaction study that, combined with a computational analysis, provides significant structural insights into αvβ3 molecular recognition by RGDechi‐hCit. Remarkably, on the basis of the identified molecular determinants, we design a RGDechi‐hCit mutant that is selective for αvβ5 integrin.
Molecular Engineering of Pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine‐Based Donor–Acceptor–π‐Acceptor Organic Sensitizers: Effect of Auxiliary Acceptor in Cobalt‐ and Iodine‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Liu Bo , Giordano Fabrizio , Pei Kai , Decoppet Jean‐David , Zhu Wei‐Hong , Zakeeruddin Shaik M. , Grätzel Michael 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDue to the ease of tuning its redox potential, the cobalt‐based redox couple has been extensively applied for highly efficient dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with extraordinarily high photovoltages. However, a cobalt electrolyte needs particular structural changes in the organic dye components to obtain such high photovoltages. To achieve high device performance, specific requirements in the molecular tailoring of organic sensitizers still need to be met. Besides the need for large electron donors, studies of the auxiliary acceptor segment of donor–acceptor–π‐acceptor (D‐A‐π‐A) organic sensitizers are still rare in molecular optimization in the context of cobalt electrolytes. In this work, two novel organic D‐A‐π‐A‐type sensitizers (IQ13 and IQ17) have been developed and exploited in cobalt‐ and iodine‐based redox electrolyte DSSCs, specifically to provide insight into the effect of π‐bridge modification in different electrolytes. The investigation has been focused on the additional electron‐withdrawing acceptor capability with grafted long alkoxy chains. Optoelectronic transient measurements have indicated that IQ17 containing a pyrido[3,4‐b]pyrazine moiety bearing long alkoxyphenyl chains is more suitable for application in cobalt‐based DSSCs.