bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of bracket-slot design on the forces released by superelastic nickel-titanium alignment wires in different deflection configurations
Authors: Nucera Riccardo , Gatto Elda , Borsellino Chiara , Aceto Pasquale , Fabiano Francesca , Matarese Giovanni , Perillo Letizia , Cordasco Giancarlo 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate how different bracket-slot design characteristics affect the forces released by superelastic nickel-titanium (NiTi) alignment wires at different amounts of wire deflection.

Materials and Methods:
A three-bracket bending and a classic-three point bending testing apparatus were used to investigate the load-deflection properties of one superelastic 0.014-inch NiTi alignment wire in different experimental conditions. The selected NiTi archwire was tested in association with three bracket systems: (1) conventional twin brackets with a 0.018-inch slot, (2) a self-ligating bracket with a 0.018-inch slot, and (3) a self-ligating bracket with a 0.022-inch slot. Wire specimens were deflected at 2 mm and 4 mm.

Results:
Use of a 0.018-inch slot bracket system, in comparison with use of a 0.022-inch system, increases the force exerted by the superelastic NiTi wires at a 2-mm deflection. Use of a self-ligating bracket system increases the force released by NiTi wires in comparison with the conventional ligated bracket system. NiTi wires deflected to a different maximum deflection (2 mm and 4 mm) release different forces at the same unloading data point (1.5 mm).

Conclusion:
Bracket design, type of experimental test, and amount of wire deflection significantly affected the amount of forces released by superelastic NiTi wires (P &lt; .05). This phenomenon offers clinicians the possibility to manipulate the wire's load during alignment.
Effect of delayed exposure of cattle to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis on the development of subclinical and clinical Johne's disease
Authors: Espejo Luis A. , Kubat Noel , Godden Sandra M. , Wells Scott J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of delayed exposure of dairy cattle to Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) on the incidence of those cows testing positive for MAP and developing clinical Johne's disease (CJD).
Animals—79 cows not exposed to MAP as calves (unexposed cohort) and 260 cows exposed to MAP as calves (exposed cohort).
Procedures—Cows in the unexposed cohort were born into 5 MAP-uninfected herds and introduced at various ages into 5 MAP-infected herds where the exposed cohort cows were born and raised. Beginning when each cow was 24 months old, fecal and serum samples were collected annually from 2003 through 2006. Feces were cultured for MAP, and an ELISA was used to analyze serum samples for antibodies against MAP. Date and reason for culling were obtained from herd records. Incidence of positive culture and ELISA results and CJD was compared between unexposed and exposed cohort cows with Cox regression.
Results—Compared with exposed cohort cows, the hazard ratios for unexposed cohort cows having positive culture results, having positive ELISA results, and developing CJD were 0.12, 0.03, and 0.001, respectively, and those ratios increased by 2%, 6%, and 17%, respectively, for each month spent in an MAP-infected herd.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Delayed exposure of cows to MAP resulted in lower incidences of positive culture and ELISA results and CJD in those cows, compared with incidences of cows exposed to MAP since birth. The hazard of testing positive for MAP or developing CJD increased with time, regardless of cohort.
Dispositifs publics et investissements des pères : une comparaison franco-britannique
Authors: Gregory Abigaïl , Milner Susan 
Published: September 2013

Public policy and the involvement of fathers. An Anglo-French comparison.
In a context of profound socio-economic changes, the construction of new forms of fatherhood is on the agenda in France and in Great Britain. The authors examine public policy on fathers and data for the family practices of fathers in both countries. A similarity is observed between the two countries in the recent development of policies to encourage greater involvement by fathers in children's lives, but large differences in « fatherhood regimes » remain. In both countries, however, fundamental similarities are observed in parenting practices, with in particular a discrepancy between fatherhood regimes and the fathering practices actually observed.
Vibrational Properties of Vacancy in Na and K Using MEAM Potential
Authors: Gairola Vandana , Semalty P. D. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe modified embedded atom method (MEAM) with the universal form of embedding function and a modified energy term along with the pair potential has been employed to determine the potentials for alkali metals: Na, K, by fitting to the Cauchy pressure (C12 − C44)/2, shear constants Gν = (C11 − C12 + 3C44)/5 and C44, the cohesive energy and the vacancy formation energy. The obtained potentials are used to calculate the phonon dispersions of these metals. Using these calculated phonons we evaluate the local density of states of neighbours of vacancy using Green’s function method. The local density of states of neighbours of vacancy has been used to calculate mean square displacements of these atoms and formation entropy of vacancy. The calculated mean square displacements of both 1st and 2nd neighbours of vacancy are found to be lower than that of host atom. The calculated phonon dispersions agree well with the experimental phonon dispersion curves and the calculated results of vacancy formation entropy compare well with the other available results.
Development of Instruments for Assessment of Knowledge and Skills in Performing Venepuncture and Inserting Peripheral Venous Catheters
Authors: Ahlin Catharina , Löfmark Anna , Klang-Söderkvist Birgitta , Johansson Eva 
Published: September 2013

Purpose Performing venepuncture is one of the most routinely performed invasive procedures in nursing care. The aim of this study was to develop instruments for the assessment of nursing students' knowledge and skills when performing venepuncture and inserting a peripheral venous catheter. Methods Two instruments were developed using the following steps. 1) Assessment items of importance for the procedures (venepuncture 48 items and peripheral venous catheter 51 items) were collected from focus groups including nurses, lecturers and patients. 2) The number of items was reduced using a method based on the Delphi method. Experts (n=51) reviewed the instruments in two rounds. The revised versions included 31 items for venepuncture and 33 items for peripheral venous catheter insertion. 3) Usability tests were conducted by nurses who tested the instruments to confirm that items were possible to assess. 4) Inter-rater reliability was assessed by twelve lecturers who in pairs, but independently of each other, used the instruments to assess 50 nursing students. Results Proportion of agreement and Cohen's kappa coefficient were calculated for each item to determine inter-rater reliability. Among the tested items for both instruments, the median proportion of agreement was 1 (range 0.66-1) and the median kappa was 0.52 (range 0.22-1). Conclusions The instruments developed for assessing nursing students' knowledge and skills of venepuncture and peripheral venous catheter insertion showed satisfactory inter-rater reliability.
Induced Neural Stem Cells Generated from Rat Fibroblasts
Authors: Xi Guangjun , Hu Pingfang , Qu Cunye , Qiu Shenfeng , Tong Chang , Ying Qi-Long 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The generation of induced tissue-specific stem cells has been hampered by the lack of well-established methods for the maintenance of pure tissue-specific stem cells like the ones we have for embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures. Using a cocktail of cytokines and small molecules, we demonstrate that primitive neural stem (NS) cells derived from mouse ES cells and rat embryos can be maintained. Furthermore, using the same set of cytokines and small molecules, we show that induced NS (iNS) cells can be generated from rat fibroblasts by forced expression of the transcriptional factors Oct4, Sox2 and c-Myc. The generation and long-term maintenance of iNS cells could have wide and momentous implications.
Embodied cognition and social consumption: Self‐regulating temperature through social products and behaviors
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Rotman Jeff D. , Perkins Andrew W. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractExtant embodied cognition research suggests that individuals can reduce a perceived lack of interpersonal warmth by substituting physical warmth, and vice versa. We suggest that this behavior is self‐regulatory in nature and that this self‐regulation can be accomplished via consumptive behavior. Experiment 1 found that consumers perceived ambient temperature to be significantly lower when eating alone compared to eating with a partner. Experiment 2 found that consuming a cool (vs. warm) drink led individuals to generate more socially‐oriented attributes for a hypothetical product. Experiment 3 found that physically cooler individuals desired a social consumption setting, whereas physically warmer individuals desired a lone consumption setting. We interpret these results within the context of self‐regulation, such that perceived physical temperature deviations from a steady state unconsciously motivate the individual to find bodily balance in order to alleviate that deviation.
The acuity of vice: Attitude ambivalence improves visual sensitivity to increasing portion sizes
Authors: Cornil Yann , Ordabayeva Nailya , Kaiser Ulrike , Weber Bernd , Chandon Pierre 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA rapid increase in the size of food portions has underlined the importance of understanding consumers' ability to accurately perceive portion sizes. Drawing on research on motivated perception, we posit that attitude ambivalence (simultaneously desiring a food and perceiving it as unhealthy) enhances visual sensitivity to increasing portion sizes. We manipulate or measure attitude ambivalence in three experimental studies conducted among children and adults and find that visual sensitivity is driven not simply by desire but by the coexistence of desire and perceived unhealthiness of the food (e.g., for hedonic food and among restrained eaters). Our findings suggest that framing foods as vices improves the estimation of portion sizes among health‐conscious people.
Dimension and measure for typical random fractals
Authors: FRASER JONATHAN M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe define a random iterated function system (RIFS) to be a finite set of (deterministic) iterated function systems (IFSs) acting on the same metric space. For a given RIFS, there exists a continuum of random attractors corresponding to each sequence of deterministic IFSs. Much work has been done on computing the ‘almost sure’ dimensions of these random attractors. Here we compute the typical dimensions (in the sense of Baire) and observe that our results are in stark contrast to those obtained using the probabilistic approach. Furthermore, we examine the typical Hausdorff and packing measures of the random attractors and give examples to illustrate some of the strange phenomena that can occur. The only restriction we impose on the maps is that they are bi-Lipschitz and we obtain our dimension results without assuming any separation conditions.
A Government of Men: Presidential Address, The Ninth Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, December 28, 1912
Authors: Hart Albert Bushnell 
Published: September 2013

“In the government of this commonwealth, the legislative department shall never exercise the executive and judicial powers, or either of them: the executive shall never exercise the legislative and judicial powers, or either of them: the judicial shall never exercise the legislative and executive powers, or either of them: to the end, it may be a government of laws, and not of men.”So runs the thirtieth article of the constitution adopted by the people of Massachusetts in their town meetings in the year 1780; and still a part of the fundamental law of this Commonwealth. The fine and sonorous phrase states two important principles: that in every proper government there should be three balanced departments; and that a government of laws must control not only the people but those charged with government—that is, that the rule is stronger than the rulers.
High-throughput sequencing of autism spectrum disorders comes of age
Authors: WANG MINGBANG , FAN XIAOMEI , WANG TAO , WU JINYU 
Published: September 2013

SummaryAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are lifelong neurodevelopmental disabilities that affect 1 in 88 children in the USA. Despite the high heritability, the genetic basis for a majority of the ASDs remains elusive. The considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity pose a significant challenge technically. State-of-the-art high-throughput sequencing (HTS), which makes the analyses of any specific single/multiple genes or whole exomes feasible, has shown a promising perspective in disease gene discovery. To date, numerous genetic studies using HTS have been reported and many rare inherited or de novo mutations have been identified. This review will focus on the progress and prospective of genome studies of ASDs using HTS.
Neuropsychological functions among adolescents with persistent, subsyndromal and remitted attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lin Y. J. , Chen W. J. , Gau S. S. 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundPrevious studies have reported mixed results on neuropsychological deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and only a few studies have focused on adolescents. There is also a debate about whether the executive function (EF) impairments in ADHD are primary deficits or have some contribution from the underlying non-EF processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impairments in EF and neuropsychological function with relatively low executive demand (low-EF) in adolescents with childhood diagnosis of ADHD as a function of current ADHD status.MethodPsychiatric diagnostic interviews and computerized neuropsychological tests classified into EF and low-EF tasks were completed by 435 adolescents with a childhood diagnosis of ADHD (300 adolescents classified as persistent ADHD, 109 as subsyndromal ADHD and 26 as remitted ADHD based on the current diagnosis) and 263 typically developing (TD) adolescents.ResultsThere were significant EF (spatial working memory, spatial planning and verbal working memory) and low-EF (signal detectability, spatial span and visual recognition memory) impairments in persistent and subsyndromal ADHD. The impairments in EF were independent of low-EF despite significant moderate correlations between any two of these tasks. Adolescents with remitted ADHD showed no deficit in either EF or low-EF.ConclusionsThis study suggests that adolescents with persistent and subsyndromal ADHD have EF and low-EF impairments that might contribute to ADHD independently.
The Tomb of Maket and its Mycenaean Import
Authors: Hankey Vronwy , Tufnell Olga 
Published: September 2013

In 1889 Petrie discovered and cleared a tomb at Kahun in the Fayum, Egypt. It contained a succession of burials in coffins and boxes which had not been disturbed after the final interment. Principally on the evidence of a large collection of beads, Petrie dated the use of the tomb to the Nineteenth-Twentieth Dynasties. This was queried by von Bissing, and after reconsidering the finds, Petrie decided that the tomb has been used during the reign of Tuthmosis III (1504– 1450 B.C.). Since then the tomb has usually been referred to as approximately or possibly of the reign of Tuthmosis III, and in his study of the sixteen Cypriote pots from the tomb Merrillees says there can be no doubt that all the interments were made during the reign ofthat pharaoh.The aim of this paper is to establish as closely as possible the period of the use of the tomb, and to place in its context a small Mycenaean IIB squat jar, the only Aegean object found in the tomb.
A First Catalogue of Attic Peribolos Tombs
Authors: Garland R. S. J. 
Published: September 2013

Since the publication of Brückner's Der Friedhof am Eridanos in 1909, describing twenty grave enclosures of fourth-century date aligning the so-called Weststraβe or Street of Tombs in the Kerameikos, numerous other periboloi have been discovered, not least in the course of rescue excavations carried out in and around Athens.This paper represents an attempt to catalogue topographically all the periboloi which have come to light in Attica of Classical date. Although the reports of their excavation are often tantalizingly brief, such excavations as those conducted at Rhamnous under V. Petrakos of a group of periboloi extending for a distance of over a mile and a half, are beginning to clarify the more fragmentary impression which one inevitably obtains from Athens itself.
A Bronze Horse-frontlet from Vrokastro, Crete
Authors: Sekunda N. V. 
Published: September 2013

Throughout ancient Europe and the Mediterranean a considerable quantity of archaeological objects have been found, which, because their specific function is not fully understood, are generally referred to as ‘phalara’. Typically the name is applied to a bronze disc of variable size with a domed central portion and a flat surrounding rim.The amount of literature devoted to this subject is large, and it is not the purpose of this article to enter into a wide-ranging review of the theories advanced to explain the function of these artefacts. It might be useful, however, briefly to summarize the opinions of Professor Snodgrass, a leading contender in the discussion, which have been most recently expressed, I believe, in an article entitled ‘Bronze “Phalara”—A Review’ published in 1973.
A Later Development in the Late Minoan IB Marine Style
Authors: Mountjoy P.-A. 
Published: September 2013

A Survey of the Marine Style shows that we may categorize octopods and argonauts into Types A and B, according to the drawing of the suckers in their tentacles. Type A suckers enclose a dot; Type B have no dot. All the instances of Type A and Type B are displayed against a crowded Marine background.We may further distinguish a third class (Type C) of octopods and argonauts; small compact creatures whose suckers are reduced to knobs, while the argonaut shells are no more than sketchily drawn, the striations being placed haphazardly, either vertically or horizontally. These motifs are displayed against an open background.
Debla, an Early Minoan Settlement in Western Crete
Authors: Greig J. R. A. , Warren Peter , Tzedhakis J. 
Published: September 2013

Debla is the name of a long east-west ridge forming one of the first foothills of the White Mountains of western Crete, above the great plain west of Khania (Plate 48a). The ridge attains a height of 542 m. and the Minoan settlement lies on the summit area (Figs. 1–2, Plate 48b).The site was first investigated in 1968 by Messrs. E. Vardhinoyannis and J. Tsiphetakis during excavations of the Hellenistic and Roman town on the Kastellos, a hill north of and well below the Debla ridge. In 1968 the site was also explored by Professor P. Faure, who published a description and illustrations. P. Warren, Mrs. Warren, and Mr. Tsiphetakis subsequently made a visit on 19 May 1970.
The Vari House—an addendum
Authors: Graham A. J. 
Published: September 2013

When I wrote the Excursus (Excursus on the Combed Ware: Evidence for Beekeeping) for the report on the Vari House, I was unfortunately compelled, through ignorance, to leave one obvious loose end. The so-called bronze beehive from Pompeii, discussed on p. 403 with n. 53, remained an enigma of which all that could be definitely said was that it was certainly not a beehive.This object, it will be recalled, was published, and illustrated in a neat, measured drawing, in T. L. Donaldson's Pompeii (London, 1827) ii., 13 and plate opposite p. 12 (Fig. 1). As near as can be calculated from the indications of scale in Donaldson's plate, the dimensions of the vessel were as follows: height c. 0·61 m.; maximum diameter c. 0·63 m.; diameter of mouth c. 0·28 m.; of lid c. 0·56 m. The brief statement about it in the text was confined to the information that it was made of bronze, was found at Pompeii, and was in the Museum at Naples. All the later works which refer to it, or reproduce the drawing, seem to derive from Donaldson, and I was led to believe from its absence from nineteenth-century catalogues that it had disappeared from the Museum's collection long ago.
Cretan Sites occupied between c. 1450 and 1400 B.C.
Authors: Popham Mervyn 
Published: September 2013

This article originated from a suggestion by Dr. Chadwick, that it would be useful to those studying the Linear B archives from Knossos to have a list of sites which archaeologists believe to have been occupied at the time of the destruction of the Palace in whose ruins the tablets were found.An opportunity to follow up this suggestion came when the author was invited to contribute to a volume of studies in honour of Professor Doro Levi. Unfortunately the study was not finished in time, but it remains, as intended, a small offering to a senior Italian colleague.
Aegean Marble: A Petrological Study
Authors: Renfrew Colin , Peacey J. Springer 
Published: September 2013

The term ‘Island Marble’ was coined by G. R. Lepsius in 1890. In a first flush of enthusiasm for the recently developed technique of cutting thin sections of rocks for microscopic examination, he claimed to distinguish various Attic and other marbles of mainland Greece, Parian and Naxian marble, and a residual category, ‘Inselmarmor’.Obviously the ability to determine the place of origin of the raw material, by examination of a specimen of marble, would be of very great value to the archaeologist. With a long series of Classical sculptures from Greece, Lepsius claimed to do this, and became the first of a line of scholars describing marble as ‘Pentelic’, ‘Hymettan’, ‘Parian’, ‘Naxian’, or ‘Island’, usually on the sole basis of visual examination. Prehistorians also have sought to identify as Cycladic figurines and other objects of marble found in contexts outside the Cyclades, purely on the grounds of the material used.The geological basis for such an identification seems today highly doubtful, and since the question is of considerable relevance to Cycladic prehistory, as well as of more general interest in later periods, we decided to make a systematic, if limited, study of the problem.
Two Geometric Tombs at Atsalenio near Knossos
Authors: Davaras Costis 
Published: September 2013

In the spring of 1962 workmen digging the foundation shafts for the construction of a house at Atsalenio hit upon two Geometric tombs. Atsalenio is a quarter outside Heraklion, midway between the city centre and Knossos. The site of the tombs, which is the property of the contractors, D. Ritsopoulos and D. Serdherakis, lies about 100 metres to the west of the road to Knossos and about 200 metres to the north of the modern graveyard of Atsalenio. As the tombs were just outside the Knossos area of the British School, although belonging to the Geometric cemeteries of Knossos, I undertook their excavation as Epimelete of the Archaeological Service.The site of the tombs, like most of the adjacent area, was a vineyard before building began, and the soil was cultivated to a depth of c. 0·7 m. This had destroyed the roofs of the tombs. The digging of the foundation shafts for the building had also destroyed all but the beginning of the dromos of Tomb A and had just reached the upper level of its burials before work was halted. Nearly all Tomb B, too, had been destroyed; the sherds from it were recovered for the most part from the earth thrown out by the builders.