bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronotopographical distribution patterns of cell death and of lectin‐positive macrophages/microglial cells during the visual system ontogeny of the small‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula
Authors: Bejarano‐Escobar Ruth , Blasco Manuel , Durán Ana Carmen , Martín‐Partido Gervasio , Francisco‐Morcillo Javier 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe patterns of distribution of TUNEL‐positive bodies and of lectin‐positive phagocytes were investigated in the developing visual system of the small‐spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, from the optic vesicle stage to adulthood. During early stages of development, TUNEL‐staining was mainly found in the protruding dorsal part of the optic cup and in the presumptive optic chiasm. Furthermore, TUNEL‐positive bodies were also detected during detachment of the embryonic lens. Coinciding with the developmental period during which ganglion cells began to differentiate, an area of programmed cell death occurred in the distal optic stalk and in the retinal pigment epithelium that surrounds the optic nerve head. The topographical distribution of TUNEL‐positive bodies in the differentiating retina recapitulated the sequence of maturation of the various layers and cell types following a vitreal‐to‐scleral gradient. Lectin‐positive cells apparently entered the retina by the optic nerve head when the retinal layering was almost complete. As development proceeded, these labelled cells migrated parallel to the axon fascicles of the optic fiber layer and then reached more external layers by radial migration. In the mature retina, lectin‐positive cells were confined to the optic fiber layer, ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer. No evident correlation was found between the chronotopographical pattern of distribution of TUNEL‐positive bodies and the pattern of distribution of lectin‐labelled macrophages/microglial cells during the shark′s visual system ontogeny.
What Is Organizational Strategy? A Language‐Based View
Authors: Mantere Saku 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnder what conditions does a collective strategy exist among organizational members? Where should a scholar look for one? To offer one way to start solving these puzzles I propose a view of organizational strategy as a language game that governs the use of strategy labels at the level of the organization. Organizational strategy exhibits a division of linguistic labour, where responsibility for key concepts is assigned to particular individuals or organizational functions. Such linguistic experts oversee the proper use and maintenance of strategy language. The language‐based view helps to understand linkages between institutional, network, organizational, and micro level views on strategy. It also problematizes widely held intuitions regarding the relationship between strategy and organizational outcomes.
Phylogeography ofKorean raccoon dogs: implications of peripheral isolation of a forest mammal inEastAsia
Authors: Kim S.‐I. , Park S.‐K. , Lee H. , Oshida T. , Kimura J. , Kim Y.‐J. , Nguyen S. T. , Sashika M. , Min M.‐S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTheKoreanPeninsula is a problematic place for tracing the evolutionary history of manyEastAsian species because of its location on the eastern edge of theEurasian continent. This peninsula probably experienced peripheral isolation as one of several possiblePleistocene refugia. Historical population fluctuations and peripatric speciation of vertebrates in theKoreanPeninsula are poorly understood. As an endemic species inEastAsia, the raccoon dogNyctereutes procyonoidesis an appropriate model for describing the evolutionary history of mammal species in theKoreanPeninsula. Therefore, we used mitochondrial cytochromebsequences of raccoon dogs fromKorea,Russia,China,Vietnam andJapan to test four hypotheses: (1) during glacial periods, a single contiguous refugium may have existed in north‐easternAsia that permitted genetic exchange between raccoon dogs fromKorea andJapan; (2) the presence of one large refugium did not permit gene flow between raccoon dogs inKorea andJapan; (3) several refugia existed on the north‐eastAsian mainland, one located in the southern part of theKoreanPeninsula, with some population movement toJapan; (4) the presence of several refugia, but no gene flow between the raccoon dogs ofKorea andJapan. Our results support the last hypothesis. Haplotype distributions indicate postglacial expansion of raccoon dogs in theKoreanPeninsula. Conspicuous genetic differences betweenJapanese and continental populations might be the result of limited gene flow after geographical isolation. This phylogeographical pattern shows the effect of peripheral isolation in theKoreanPeninsula, the southernmost refugium for raccoon dogs.
The Effects of Quality of Care on Costs: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: NUCKOLS TERYL K. , ESCARCE JOSÉ J. , ASCH STEVEN M. 
Published: June 2013

ContextThe quality of health care and the financial costs affected by receiving care represent two fundamental dimensions for judging health care performance. No existing conceptual framework appears to have described how quality influences costs.MethodsWe developed the Quality‐Cost Framework, drawing from the work of Donabedian, the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, reports by the Institute of Medicine, and other sources.FindingsThe Quality‐Cost Framework describes how health‐related quality of care (aspects of quality that influence health status) affects health care and other costs. Structure influences process, which, in turn, affects proximate and ultimate outcomes. Within structure, subdomains include general structural characteristics, circumstance‐specific (e.g., disease‐specific) structural characteristics, and quality‐improvement systems. Process subdomains include appropriateness of care and medical errors. Proximate outcomes consist of disease progression, disease complications, and care complications. Each of the preceding subdomains influences health care costs. For example, quality improvement systems often create costs associated with monitoring and feedback. Providing appropriate care frequently requires additional physician visits and medications. Care complications may result in costly hospitalizations or procedures. Ultimate outcomes include functional status as well as length and quality of life; the economic value of these outcomes can be measured in terms of health utility or health‐status‐related costs. We illustrate our framework using examples related to glycemic control for type 2 diabetes mellitus or the appropriateness of care for low back pain.ConclusionsThe Quality‐Cost Framework describes the mechanisms by which health‐related quality of care affects health care and health status–related costs. Additional work will need to validate the framework by applying it to multiple clinical conditions. Applicability could be assessed by using the framework to classify the measures of quality and cost reported in published studies. Usefulness could be demonstrated by employing the framework to identify design flaws in published cost analyses, such as omitting the costs attributable to a relevant subdomain of quality.
Characterization of nitrite uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana: evidence for a nitrite‐specific transporter
Authors: Kotur Zorica , Siddiqi Yaeesh M. , Glass Anthony D. M. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

Nitrite‐specific plasma membrane transporters have been described in bacteria, algae and fungi, but there is no evidence of a nitrite‐specific plasma membrane transporter in higher plants. We have used to characterize nitrite influx into roots of Arabidopsis thaliana.

Hydroponically grown Arabidopsis mutants, defective in high‐affinity nitrate transport, were used to distinguish between nitrate and nitrite uptake by means of the short‐lived tracers and . This approach allowed us to characterize a nitrite‐specific transporter.

The Atnar2.1‐2 mutant, lacking a functional high‐affinity nitrate transport system, is capable of nitrite influx that is constitutive and thermodynamically active. The corresponding fluxes conform to a rectangular hyperbola, exhibiting saturation at concentrations above 200 μM (Km = 185 μM and Vmax = 1.89 μmol g−1 FW h−1). Nitrite influx via the putative nitrite transporter is not subject to competitive inhibition by nitrate but is downregulated after 6 h exposure to ammonium.

These results signify the existence of a nitrite‐specific transporter in Arabidopsis. This transporter enables Atnar2.1‐2 mutants, which are incapable of sustained growth on low nitrate, to maintain significant growth on low nitrite. In wild‐type plants, this nitrite flux may increase nitrogen acquisition and also participate in the induction of genes specifically induced by nitrite.
Reduced Incidence of Chronic Postsurgical Pain after Epidural Analgesia for Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Bouman Esther A. , Theunissen Maurice , Bons Sabrina A. , van Mook Walther N. , Gramke Hans‐F. , van Kleef Maarten , Marcus Marco A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundChronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a common complication of surgery with high impact on quality of life. Peripheral and central sensitization caused by enhanced and prolonged afferent nociceptive input are considered important mechanisms for the development of CPSP. This case–control study investigated whether epidural analgesia is associated with a reduced incidence of CPSP after open abdominal surgery.MethodsSix months after surgery, Short‐Form‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36) pain scores, possible predictors of chronic pain, and quality of life were assessed. Patients treated with epidural analgesia in combination with general anesthesia (epidural group, N = 51) were compared to patients undergoing matched surgical procedures receiving general anesthesia alone (GA‐group, N = 50). Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsTwenty‐six (25.7%) patients experienced chronic pain, 9 in the epidural group (17.6%), 17 in the GA‐group (34%), crude odds ratio (OR) 0.42 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.16 to 1.05). After adjustment for the most prominent predictors of CPSP, such as age, sex, pre‐operative pain, and acute postoperative pain, the OR for chronic pain in the epidural group was 0.19 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.76). Patients with CPSP reported a significantly lower quality of life compared to patients without CPSP (SF‐36 total score median (IQR) 39.2 (27.2 to 56.7) vs. 84.3 (69.9 to 92.5, P < 0.001) and a lower level of long‐term global perceived recovery (70.0% (50.0 to 80.0) vs. 90.0% (80.0 to 100.0), P < 0.001).ConclusionChronic postsurgical pain occurs in a significant number of patients 6 months after open abdominal surgery. Postoperative epidural analgesia is associated with a reduced incidence of CPSP after abdominal surgery.
Comparative genomics analysis in Prunoideae to identify biologically relevant polymorphisms
Authors: Koepke Tyson , Schaeffer Scott , Harper Artemus , Dicenta Federico , Edwards Mark , Henry Robert J. , Møller Birger L. , Meisel Lee , Oraguzie Nnadozie , Silva Herman , Sánchez‐Pérez Raquel , Dhingra Amit 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPrunus is an economically important genus with a wide range of physiological and biological variability. Using the peach genome as a reference, sequencing reads from four almond accessions and one sweet cherry cultivar were used for comparative analysis of these three Prunus species. Reference mapping enabled the identification of many biological relevant polymorphisms within the individuals. Examining the depth of the polymorphisms and the overall scaffold coverage, we identified many potentially interesting regions including hundreds of small scaffolds with no coverage from any individual. Non‐sense mutations account for about 70 000 of the 13 million identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Blast2GO analyses on these non‐sense SNPs revealed several interesting results. First, non‐sense SNPs were not evenly distributed across all gene ontology terms. Specifically, in comparison with peach, sweet cherry is found to have non‐sense SNPs in two 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate synthase (ACS) genes and two 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase (ACO) genes. These polymorphisms may be at the root of the nonclimacteric ripening of sweet cherry. A set of candidate genes associated with bitterness in almond were identified by comparing sweet and bitter almond sequences. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in plants of non‐sense SNP abundance in a genus being linked to specific GO terms.
Detection of Glycosylated Proteins in Rabbit Oviductal Isthmus and Uterine Endometrium During Early Embryo Development
Authors: Marco‐Jiménez F , López‐Bejar M 
Published: June 2013

ContentsIn this study, lectin histochemistry was performed on paraffin sections to compare carbohydrate expression of oviductal isthmus and uterine endometrium in rabbits during early embryo development. Rabbit embryos are surrounded not only by the zona pellucida but also by tubal secretion‐derived mucinous coat material, the mucin coat. Twenty sexually mature females were euthanized at 0 (pre‐ovulatory group) and 24, 72 and 96 h after insemination (pseudopregnancy group). The following lectin‐binding agents were used:Arachis hypogaea,Peanut (PNA) to label galactosyl (β‐1,3)N‐ acetyl‐galactosamine, Dolichos biflorus Agglutinin (DBA) to label galactosyl (β‐1,4)N‐ acetyl‐galactosamine,Lens curinaris (LCA) to label α‐‐mannose, α‐d‐glucose andPisum sativum agglutinin (PSA) to label α‐d‐mannose, α‐d‐glucose. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and direct enzyme immunoassay technique was used to measure progesterone concentration. A significant increase in total plasma progesterone concentrations was detected at 96 h post‐ovulation when compared with 0, 24 and 72 h post‐ovulation (2.9 ± 0.5 vs 0.5 ± 0.15, 1.6 ± 0.5 and 1.5 ± 0.4 ng/ml, at 96 h vs 0, 24 and 72 h post‐ovulation, respectively). No differences between pre‐ovulatory and pseudopregnant females were observed for glycoprotein localization in isthmus. In contrast, in the endometrium, differences in the glycoprotein detection between pre‐ovulatory and pseudopregnant stages were detected.PNAto label galactosyl (β‐1,3)N‐ acetyl‐galactosamine was not detected at the pre‐ovulatory stage, but its presence was detected at 24 h after ovulation. BothPSAandLCAto label α‐d‐mannose, α‐d‐glucose were only detected at 72 h after ovulation.DBAdetection was similar for all stages of the reproductive cycle. Therefore, N‐acetyl‐galactosamine secreted from isthmus could be involved in the formation of the embryonic mucin coat.d‐galactose (PNA),d‐glucose andd‐mannose (PSAandLCA) might be crucial for the implantation period.
The widespread plant‐colonizing bacterial species Pseudomonas syringae detects and exploits an extracellular pool of choline in hosts
Authors: Chen Chiliang , Li Shanshan , McKeever Dana R. , Beattie Gwyn A. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) choline is a major component of membrane lipids in eukaryotes and, if available to microbial colonists of plants, could provide benefits for growth and protection from stress. Free choline is found in homogenized plant tissues, but its subcellular location and availability to plant microbes are not known. Whole‐cell bacterial bioreporters of the phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae were constructed that couple a QAC‐responsive transcriptional fusion with well‐characterized bacterial QAC transporters. These bioreporters demonstrated the presence of abundant free choline compounds released from germinating seeds and seedlings of the bean Phaseolus vulgaris, and a smaller but consistently detectable amount of QACs, probably choline, from leaves. The localization of P. syringae bioreporter cells to the surface and intercellular sites of plant tissues demonstrated the extracellular location of these QAC pools. Moreover, P. syringae mutants that were deficient in the uptake of choline compounds exhibited reduced fitness on leaves, highlighting the importance of extracellular choline to P. syringae on leaves. Our data support a model in which this choline pool is derived from the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine through plant‐encoded phospholipases that release choline into the intercellular spaces of plant tissues, such as for membrane lipid recycling. The consequent extracellular release of choline compounds enables their interception and exploitation by plant‐associated microbes, and thus provides a selective advantage for microbes such as P. syringae that are adapted to maximally exploit choline.
Restless legs syndrome, pica, and iron status in blood donors
Authors: Spencer Bryan R. , Kleinman Steven , Wright David J. , Glynn Simone A. , Rye David B. , Kiss Joseph E. , Mast Alan E. , Cable Ritchard G. ,   REDS‐II RISE Analysis Group
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe association of blood donation–related iron deficiency with pica or restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains poorly elucidated. This study evaluated the prevalence of RLS and pica in blood donors completing the REDS‐II Iron Status Evaluation (RISE) study.Study Design and MethodsRISE enrolled 2425 blood donors in a prospective cohort study; 1334 donors provided blood samples to characterize iron status and answered a questionnaire inquiring into symptoms of RLS and pica at a final visit after 15 to 24 months of follow‐up. Associations between both conditions and iron status were evaluated.ResultsThere were 9 and 20% of donors reporting symptoms of probable or probable/possible RLS, respectively. Iron depletion and donation intensity were not predictive of RLS. Pica was reported by 65 donors (5.5%), half of whom reported daily cravings. Prevalence of pica increased with degree of iron depletion in women (2% in iron‐replete females, 13% in those with ferritin < 12 ng/mL), but not in men. Probable RLS and pica coexpressed in eight individuals, but no more frequently than expected by chance.ConclusionRLS and pica have been associated with iron deficiency in nondonor populations. This study indicates a potentially high prevalence of RLS in frequent blood donors but shows no association with iron status or donation intensity. Low iron stores were associated with higher prevalence of pica, but only in females. Furthermore, the results are incompatible with RLS and pica sharing a common pathophysiology.
The minimum number of cord blood units needed forKoreans is 51,000
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyun , Oh Sohee , Shin Sue , Park Jeong Soo , Roh Eun Youn , Song Eun Young , Park Myoung Hee , Han Kyou Sup 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe inventory size for cord blood (CB) depends on the ethnic diversity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the size estimation is important for public health in each ethnicity.Study Design and MethodsWe estimate theCBinventory size inKoreans with storedCBunits (CBUs) and patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Two‐digitHLAspecificities were determined using intermediateDNAtyping. From 17,508 storedKoreanCBUs, 1460 haplotypes with a frequency greater than 0.001% were used for reconstitution of theHLA. A total of 1002 transplanted patients'HLAwas used for matching probability calculation.ResultsThe best probability for 6/6 matching is 47% in 500,000 hypothetical size. Ninety‐five percent probability is achieved with 51,000CBUsin 5/6, and 2150 in 4/6 matching condition. Because 4/6 matchedCBis rarely selected in theKorean situation, 51,000 units is the lowest limit ofCBUsrequired and the number will be adjusted depending on the cell number required for patients and the resolution ofHLAtyping.ConclusionApproximately 51,000 units could provide the minimum requirement for hematopoietic transplantation inKorea.
Comparative Study on Prediction of Axial Bearing Capacity of Driven Piles in Granular Materials
Authors: Momeni Ehsan , Maizir Harnedi , Gofar Nurly , Nazir Ramli 
Published: June 2013

Estimation of axial bearing capacity plays an essential role in pile design. A part from semi-empirical and numerical methods, axial bearing capacity of piles can be either predicted by means of a maintain load test or dynamic load test. The latter test is based on wave equation analysis and it is provided by Pile driving analyzer (PDA). Combination of wave equation analysis with dynamic monitoring of the pile can result in prediction of axial bearing capacity of the pile and its distribution. This paper compares the axial capacity of pile obtained from PDA records and maintain load test (static load test) with predicted axial capacities obtained using analytical, empirical and finite element analysis. From the results it is observed that axial bearing capacity derived from numerical modelling with the aid of the finite element code, Plaxis, is in a good agreement with estimated axial capacity through analytical-empirical methods, PDA, and maintain load test.
Analysis on the Thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on the Ijtihad Method for Sukuk Instrument
Authors: Noyo Sarkun Mif Rohim , Mohamed Saniff Shereeza 
Published: June 2013

The paper aims to analyse the thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah and Imam Syafi’i on sukuk instruments. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part presents the need yet destructive forces of globalization and free trade era in today’s civilization dominated by a capitalistic system which had inadvertently caused global financial crisis and accelerated the issue on poverty, knowledge deficiency and moral decadence. These destructive forces have led to the rise of the Islamic economy concept, amongst others on the need for sukuk instruments. The discussion focuses on sukuk instrument as sukuk has an important role in free trade to fulfill the increased extraordinary economic needs of Islamic countries as well as to realize the economic needs of the entire world. The second part of the paper then analyses the legal aspects of sukuk being a subject of ongoing debate among the experts of Islamic law that seemingly has a negative tendencies on the development of sukuk. The group that rejects sukuk are influenced by the qiyas (analogical) method of Imam Syafi‘i who assumed that sukuk has the conventional elements of risk (gharar) and gambling (maisir). The group that accepts sukuk is influenced by the thoughts of Imam Abu Hanifah who assumed that sukuk is a case of individual interpretation and judgment of Islamic law that should go through the ijtihad method. It is found that both schools of thoughts in essence accepted sukuk as an Islamic financial instrument. This is because Imam Abu Hanifah relied on the istihsan method whilst when Imam Syafi‘i digressed from the qiyas method and used the takhsis theory, the resource levels of legal sources theory and the language approach theory. These theories relied by Imam Syafi’i are all in essence the istihsan theory according to Imam Abu Hanifah.