bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigration regimes in Southeast Asia: impacts, costs and issues
Authors: Chantavanich Supang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractImmigration in the Southeast Asian region took place many decades ago when no official
boundaries existed and crossborder migration was not a known issue. Chinese labourers were
sent into Malaysia and Thailand to work as waged workers in the mining industry and on the
construction of water and land transportation routes in 19th Century. Indonesian workers were
also employed in the rubber plantation in Malaysia.At the end of the 20th Century, new waves of immigrant workers from Myanmar, Cambodia
and Laos came to be labourers in Thailand. Countries like the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and
Thailand also sent their nationals to work overseas, making Southeast Asia one of the highest
human mobility hubs in the world. Immigration regimes in the region have emerged within such
context.Focusing on the impacts, costs and issues of immigration with special reference to the family
will be the theme of this paper. I will discuss the various impacts of immigration on both sending
and receiving countries as well as address the related issues.
كلمة السيد حافظ شقير
Authors: شقير حافظ 
Published: March 2013

Format and participation1. The Doha International Institute for Family Studies and Development (DIIFSD) organized
a symposium on Family, Migration and Dignity from the 27th to 29th March 2012 in Doha,
Qatar.2. Experts dealing with various aspects of migration, human rights and social development
were invited from a broad geographical distribution to participate in the meeting in
their personal capacities. The Experts included academicians, practitioners, NGOs and
experts from UN agencies.3. The symposium was opened by H.E. Mrs Noor Al Malki Executive Director of the DIIFSD.
Her statement was followed by statements from M .Hafedh Chekir, the Regional Director
of UNFPA and M .Patrick Taran, President of Global Migration Policy Associates.4. Eight sessions followed by three dialogue sessions were held during the symposium.
Each session considered a different topic. Session 1 focused on migrant families in
destination countries: experiences, Session 2 discussed families in origin countries
affected by migration, Session 3 considered gender, family and migration, Session
4 discussed specific impact on and risks for children, Session 5 focused on regimes
of migration: impacts, costs and issues, Session 6 considered training, schooling
and employment for affected children and youth, Session 7 was devoted to policy
considerations and the concluding session discussed the recommendations and the
way forward.
New households, new rules? Examining the impact of migration on Somali family life in Johannesburg
Authors: Jinnah Zaheera 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of migration on families in South Africa, with a specific focus
on self-settled Somali refugees in Johannesburg, South Africa. It argues that despite a progressive
legal framework, which guarantees protection and rights to refugees and migrants in South
Africa, conditions for migrant families and family life are bleak given the poor socio-economic
conditions and xenophobic context that non-nationals find themselves in. Although international
migration to South Africa continues to increase, as the country’s political stability, and economic
dominance grows in the region, family-centered policy for migrants and public discourse on
social inclusion and integration lags behind. At the same time, high levels of unemployment,
underemployment, poverty, and social and economic inequality exist in this city, creating a
context in which marginal groups like migrants, refugees and the poor experience multiple levels
of exclusion and vulnerability. For Somali women in particular these difficult conditions are
further complicated by the paradox they face between opportunity and risk given the collapse of
social and family structures in the Diaspora.
Empirical Psycho-Aesthetics and Her Sisters: Substantive and Methodological Issues—Part I
Authors: Konečni Vladimir J. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Empirical psycho-aesthetics–an interdisciplinary field with a long tradition–is approached in this two-part article from two directions, in each case with several objectives. Part I, in this issue of JAE, is devoted to the first direction, which is mainly definitional and organizational: the objectives are to present an outline of the field’s origins; to discuss its attributes vis-à-vis the features of several "sister" disciplines–experimental philosophy, cognitive neuroscience of art, and neuroaesthetics; and to examine, in part through an analysis of notable in-field and cross-field recent debates (some of them heated, all instructive), a number of substantive, methodological, and science-practice issues regarding these various disciplines– with philosophical aesthetics as a backdrop. The second direction, to which part II of the article– to appear in the spring 2013 issue of JAE–is addressed, is empirical: the objectives are to illustrate, on the basis of a detailed presentation of five groups of research studies in a variety of art domains, the broad range of psycho-aesthetic topics, methods, participants, and techniques of stimulus manipulation and measurement and to use the presented research in a constructive dialogue with philosophical aesthetics and neuroaesthetics.
The Fiction of the Standard of Taste: David Hume on the Social Constitution of Beauty
Authors: Stradella Alessandra 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This article submits the idea that, beyond traditional readings of the essay, Hume’s "Of the Standard of Taste" is an intimation to appreciate the fictional nature of the standard of taste and our aesthetic education thereof. It is argued that, with Hume, art is not for the benefit and enjoyment of the individual. One’s private response to beauty is only the starting point in our aesthetic appreciation and it is by far the less insightful. The interesting part comes after this one has been sketched and tells of the public experience of art. The self in Hume is so embedded in the social that one’s feeling of beauty, as any other sentiment, cannot rest in itself but longs for social expression and recognition. As long as we reach a general agreement on art, what Hume calls "conversation," beauty is whatever gains the "title" to such a name. As it is impossible for us to go on in life while believing in fragmented objects, in a fragmented self, in a world in which effects have no causes, a standard of taste is the "fiction" we need in the realm of criticism. Beauty is the result of a social constitution.
Philology, Education, Democracy
Authors: Gould Rebecca 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This essay examines recent arguments for a return to philology as the basis of humanistic inquiry and liberal-arts education. It considers how philology’s disciplinary heritage is inflected by economic and racial privileges and explores avenues for the liberation of philology from these legacies. The past and present entanglements of philology and elite knowledge are traced through Richard Wright’s initiation into the world of learning, the author’s experience teaching a literature-humanities core curriculum, and theorizations of the discipline from Gramsci to Auerbach to Harold Bloom.
Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and 24-Month Neurodevelopment in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Check Jennifer , Shuster Coral , Hofheimer Julie , Camerota Marie , Dansereau Lynne M. , Smith Lynne M. , Carter Brian S. , DellaGrotta Sheri A. , Helderman Jennifer , Kilbride Howard , Loncar Cynthia M. , McGowan Elisabeth , Neal Charles R. , O’Shea T. Michael , Pastyrnak Steven L. , Sheinkopf Stephen J. , Lester Barry M. 
Published: July 2024

ImportancePreeclampsia has direct influences on a developing fetus and may impact postnatal health, and fetal growth restriction (FGR) is often seen co-occurring with preeclampsia. The development of children born very preterm after preeclampsia diagnosis with and without FGR is not well characterized.ObjectiveTo examine the associations of preeclampsia and FGR with developmental and/or behavioral outcomes in a cohort of very preterm infants.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cohort study, infants in the prospective Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants study were enrolled between April 2014 and June 2016 from 9 US university-affiliated neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Eligible infants were born before 30 weeks’ gestation. Infants were excluded for any major congenital anomalies and for maternal age younger than 18 years or cognitive impairment impacting the ability to provide informed consent. Data analysis was performed from November 2023 to January 2024.ExposureMaternal preeclampsia and FGR in very preterm infants.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe Bayley-III cognition, motor, and language scores less than 85 (−1 SD) indicated developmental delay. Child Behavior Checklist/Preschool 1.5-5 T-scores greater than or equal to 64 for internalizing, externalizing, or total problems indicated clinical importance.ResultsOf 704 infants enrolled, 529 (mean [SD] gestational age, 27.0 [1.9] weeks; 287 male [54.3%]) were studied at 24-month follow-up. A total of 94 infants’ mothers had preeclampsia (23.2%), and 46 infants (8.7%) had FGR. In adjusted models, preeclampsia was not associated with Bayley-III (cognitive, B = 3.43 [95% CI, −0.19 to 6.66]; language, B = 3.92 [95% CI, 0.44 to 7.39]; motor, B = 1.86 [95% CI, −1.74 to 5.47]) or Child Behavior Checklist/Preschool 1.5-5 (internalizing, B = −0.08 [95% CI, −2.58 to 2.73]; externalizing, B = 0.69 [95% CI, −1.76 to 3.15]; total, B = 0.21 [95% CI, −2.48 to 2.91]) outcomes. FGR was associated with significantly lower Bayley-III scores (cognitive, B = −8.61 [95% CI, −13.33 to −3.89]; language, B = −8.29 [95% CI, −12.95 to −3.63]; motor, B = −7.60 [95% CI, −12.40 to −2.66]), regardless of preeclampsia status.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of preterm infants, preeclampsia was not associated with developmental and/or behavioral outcomes, but infants with FGR may be prone to developmental delays. These findings suggest future areas of research for understanding the roles of preeclampsia and FGR separately and together in early child development for preterm infants.
Gender Differences in the Path to Medical School Deanship
Authors: Iyer Maya S. , Bradford Carol , Gottlieb Amy S. , Kling David B. , Jagsi Reshma , Mangurian Christina , Marks Lilly , Meltzer Carolyn C. , Overholser Barbara , Silver Julie K. , Way David P. , Spector Nancy D. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceWomen account for only 28% of current US medical school deans. Studying the differences between women and men in their preparation to becoming deans might help to explain this discrepancy.ObjectiveTo identify differences in the leadership development experiences between women and men in their ascent to the medical school deanship.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, volunteers from the roster of the Association of American Medical Colleges Council of Deans were solicited and interviewed from June 15 to November 9, 2023. Women deans were recruited first, then men who had been appointed to their deanships at a similar time to their women counterparts were recruited. Deans were interviewed on topics related to number of applications for deanships, prior leadership roles, leadership development, personal factors, and career trajectories. Interviews were coded, and themes were extracted through conventional content analysis.Main Outcome and MeasuresCareer and leadership development experiences were elicited using a semistructured interview guide.ResultsWe interviewed 17 women and 17 men deans, representing 25.8% (34 of 132) of the total population of US medical school deans. Most deans (23 [67.6%]) practiced a medicine-based specialty or subspecialty. No statistically significant differences were found between women and men with regard to years to attain deanship (mean [SD], 2.7 [3.4] vs 3.7 [3.7] years), years as a dean (mean [SD], 5.7 [5.2] vs 6.0 [5.0] years), highest salary during career (mean [SD], $525 769 [$199 936] vs $416 923 [$195 848]), or medical school rankings (mean [SD], 315.5 [394.5] vs 480.5 [448.9]). Their reports indicated substantive gender differences in their paths to becoming a dean. Compared with men, women deans reported having to work harder to advance, while receiving less support and opportunities for leadership positions by their own institutions. Subsequently, women sought leadership development from external programs. Women deans also experienced gender bias when working with search firms.Conclusions and RelevanceThis qualitative study of US medical school deans found that compared with men, women needed to be more proactive, had to participate in external leadership development programs, and had to confront biases during the search process. For rising women leaders, this lack of support had consequences, such as burnout and attrition, potentially affecting the makeup of future generations of medical school deans. Institutional initiatives centering on leadership development of women is needed to mitigate the gender biases and barriers faced by aspiring women leaders.
Importin subunit beta‐1 mediates ERK5 nuclear translocation, and its inhibition synergizes with ERK5 kinase inhibitors in reducing cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Lombardi Zoe , Gardini Lucia , Kashchuk Anatolii V. , Menconi Alessio , Lulli Matteo , Tusa Ignazia , Tubita Alessandro , Maresca Luisa , Stecca Barbara , Capitanio Marco , Rovida Elisabetta 
Published: July 2024

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) is emerging as a promising target in cancer. Indeed, alterations of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway are present in many types of cancer, including melanoma. One of the key events in MAPK signalling is MAPK nuclear translocation and its subsequent regulation of gene expression. Likewise, the effects of ERK5 in supporting cancer cell proliferation have been linked to its nuclear localization. Despite many processes regulating ERK5 nuclear translocation having been determined, the nuclear transporters involved have not yet been identified. Here, we investigated the role of importin subunit alpha (α importin) and importin subunit beta‐1 (importin β1) in ERK5 nuclear shuttling to identify additional targets for cancer treatment. Either importin β1 knockdown or the α/β1 importin inhibitor ivermectin reduced the nuclear amount of overexpressed and endogenous ERK5 in HEK293T and A375 melanoma cells, respectively. These results were confirmed in single‐molecule microscopy in HeLa cells. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis showed that ivermectin impairs epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced ERK5 nuclear shuttling in HeLa cells. Both co‐immunoprecipitation experiments and proximity ligation assay provided evidence that ERK5 and importin β1 interact and that this interaction is further induced by EGF administration and prevented by ivermectin treatment. The combination of ivermectin and the ERK5 inhibitor AX15836 synergistically reduced cell viability and colony formation ability in A375 and HeLa cells and was more effective than single treatments in preventing the growth of A375 and HeLa spheroids. The increased reduction of cell viability upon the same combination was also observed in patient‐derived metastatic melanoma cells. The combination of ivermectin and ERK5 inhibitors other than AX15836 provided similar effects on cell viability. The identification of importin β1 as the nuclear transporter of ERK5 may be exploited for additional ERK5‐inhibiting strategies for cancer therapy.
Superparamagnetic Fe Conversion Induces MoS2 Fast Ion Transport in Wide‐Temperature‐Range Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Zhenwei , Han Meisheng , Wang Jianlin , Zhang Leqing , Yu Peilun , Li Qiang , Bai Xuedong , Yu Jie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMoS2 is widely reported as anode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, its ability to operate effectively across a wide temperature range and at high rates continues to pose fundamental challenges, limiting its further development. Herein, a monolayer Fe‐doped MoS2/N,O‐codoped C overlapping structure is designed and employed as an anode for wide‐temperature‐range SIBs. Fe doping imparts MoS2 electrode with zero bandgap characteristics, an increased interlayer spacing, and low sodium‐ion diffusion energy barriers across wide operation temperatures. Impressively, Fe atoms doped into the MoS2 lattice can be reduced to superparamagnetic Fe0 nanocrystals of ≈2 nm during conversion reactions. In situ magnetometry reveals that these Fe0 nanocrystals can be used as electron acceptor in the formation of space charge zones with Na+, thereby triggering strong spin‐polarized surface capacitance that facilitates fast sodium‐ion storage over a wide temperature range. Consequently, the designed MoS2 electrode demonstrates exceptional fast‐charging capability in half/full cells operating at −40–60 °C. This study provides novel perspectives on the utilization of heteroatom doping strategies in conversion‐type electrode material design and proves the effectiveness of spin‐polarized surface capacitance effect on enhancing sodium‐ion storage over a wide temperature range.
Atomic Cobalt Metal Centers with Asymmetric N/B‐Coordination for Promoting Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Guan Guangjian , Liu Yuhang , Li Fuhua , Shi Xiuwen , Liu Lingyue , Wang Tianyu , Xu Xueting , Zhao Ming , Ding Jie , Yang Hong Bin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCobalt single atom catalysts (SACs) have exhibited promising performance in both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), positioning them as potential dual‐functional catalysts for Zn‐air battery. However, the long‐standing challenge lies in achieving satisfactory dual‐functionality and stability of these SACs. In this study, to optimize the 4e‒ ORR performance, boron (B) atoms are employed with low electronegativity to regulate the structure of the Co–N–C catalytic center. This resulted in the formation of an asymmetrically coordinated Co metal center catalyst (Co‐N3B). Compared to the Co‐N4, Co‐N3B exhibited lower free energy for ORR and stronger adsorption energy toward *O species, effectively suppressing the 2e‒ ORR pathway at the cobalt site and preventing catalyst corrosion induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in ORR reactions, thereby enhancing catalyst stability. In situ attenuated total reflectance surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) further validated excellent interaction between Co active centers and O intermediates. Furthermore, the self‐made rechargeable zinc‐air battery demonstrated remarkable discharge peak power density (≈253 mW cm‒2), energy density (≈819 mAh g‒1), and cyclic stability exceeding 110 h. This study provides new insights into constructing catalysts with atomic‐level precision and offers strong references for practical applications in energy storage and convension electrocatalysts.
Bionic Artificial Skin Based on Self‐Healable Ionogel Composites with Tailored Mechanics and Robust Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Manwen , Zhao Lingyu , Tian Feng , Zhao Xiaojuan , Zhang Ying , Yang Xin , Huang Wei , Yu Ran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBionic artificial skin which imitates the features and functions of human skin, has broad applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces. However, equipping artificial materials with skin‐like mechanical properties, self‐healing ability, and high sensitivity remains challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of human skin, an artificial skin based on ionogel composites with tailored mechanical properties and robust interface is prepared. Combining finite element analysis and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology, an ionogel composite with a rigid skeleton and an ionogel matrix is precisely designed and fabricated, realizing the mechanical anisotropy and nonlinear mechanical response that accurately mimic human skin. Robust interface is created through co‐curing of the skeleton and matrix resins, significantly enhancing the stability of the composite. The realization of self‐healing ability and resistance to crack growth further ensure the remarkable durability of the artificial skin for sensing application. In summary, the bionic artificial skin mimics the characteristics of human skin, including mechanical anisotropy, nonlinear mechanical response, self‐healing capability, durability and high sensitivity when applied as flexible sensors. These strategies provide strong support for the fabrication of tissue‐like materials with adaptive mechanical behaviors.
AAg2MS4 (A = Na, K, Rb; M = P, As) Nonlinear Optical Series with Unique Cation‐Regulated Highly Anisotropic [AgS4] Hypertetrahedral Layered Framework
Authors: Tang Jian , Yao Aoge , Wu Qian , Tang Chunlan , Wu Jieyun , Kang Lei , Xia Mingjun , Yin Wenlong , Kang Bin , Deng Jianguo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCommercial infrared (IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are mainly from chalcopyrite‐type AMQ2 (A = Ag, Zn, M = Ga, Ge, Q = S, Se, P) crystals such as AgGaS2 (AGS), AgGaSe2 (AGSe), and ZnGeP2 (ZGP), in which the basic NLO‐active groups are MQ4 tetrahedral units. However, the small anisotropic character of them critical for small birefringence hinders the practical applications in the available IR wavelength range. In this study, a novel strategy for modulating birefringence is proposed using a cation regulation‐driven compressed hypertetrahedral layer approach and a family of AAg2MS4 (A = Na, K, Rb; M = P, As) IR NLO crystals are successfully obtained. Remarkably, the title compounds increase the birefringence to 0.12–0.15, about three times larger than that of AGS (0.04), while they can maintain large bandgaps and strong NLO effects. In addition, they exhibit congruent‐melting properties, beneficial for bulk single crystal growth. The work offers a firsthand access for designing and fabricating high‐performance IR NLO materials.
Advances in Perovskite Single Crystal Thin Films: Synthesis Methods and Applications in Photodetection
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhang Hechun , Wang Zhaojin , Zhang Yilan , Zhang Guangye , Wang Kai , Ning Cun‐Zheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHalide perovskites have generated tremendous interest for photodetectors (PDs), mainly because of their unique optoelectronic properties, wide wavelength coverage, and facile fabrication process. Perovskite single crystal thin films (SCTFs) characterized by their grain‐boundary‐free structures and thin thickness are expected to enhance the optoelectronic performance and broaden applications of PDs. In this review, the latest progress in perovskite SCTFs is examined, emphasizing main synthesis technologies, strategies for integrating SCTFs within devices, and applications in photodetection. Besides, the classical synthesis methods for perovskite SCTFs are analyzed in detail elucidating the respective advantages and limitations. Moreover, proper integration of perovskite SCTFs into devices is one of the prerequisites for the potential optoelectronic device fabrication, and three main strategies are discussed thoroughly including the transfer of synthesized single crystals for electrode deposition, in situ growth of SCTFs on the electrode/substrate, as well as in situ growth of SCTFs on the transport layer. Along with interface engineering strategies which energized high‐performance SCTF PDs, the applications for high‐performance SCTF PDs including flexible PDs, PD arrays for imaging, and narrowband photodetection are further analyzed. Finally, the future opportunities of perovskite SCTFs are presented, with the expectation of stimulating new ideas and further advances on designs for superior‐performance PDs.