bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Machines Cannot Do
Authors: Ahrweiler Petra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract“California,” Tilda said, groaning, “not again to the US!” However, there had been no way out. B1 management had told them that it would seriously damage company relationships if they would not integrate their Californian contacts, both from Los Angeles and from San Francisco, into the new project. Now they were sitting again side by side on board a Lufthansa plane to the US, this time to LA.
Analysis of Feature Models
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping and maintaining Feature Models (FMs) can become an errorprone activity. In this chapter, we focus on different aspects of analyzing relevant properties of FMs. Such an analysis helps to increase the maintainability and correctness of FMs and also makes them better manageable in industrial settings. Analysis operations are discussed in detail and also presented formally. In addition to analysis operations, we also show how to automatically determine erroneous elements of an FM that have to be adapted or deleted in order to restore the intended FM semantics.
Interacting with Feature Model Configurators
Authors: Felfernig Alexander , Falkner Andreas , Benavides David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we discuss different AI techniques that can be applied to support interactive FM configuration scenarios.We have in mind situations where the user of a FM configurator is in the need of support, for example, in terms of requiring recommendations and related explanations for feature inclusions or exclusions or recommendations of how to get out of an inconsistent situation. We show how to support feature selection on the basis of recommendation technologies and also show how to apply the concepts of conflict detection and model-based diagnosis to support users in inconsistent situations as well as in the context of reconfiguration.
Non-Gaussian Ensemble Optimization
Authors: Nilsen Mathias M. , Stordal Andreas S. , Raanes Patrick N. , Lorentzen Rolf J. , Eikrem Kjersti S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEnsemble-based optimization (EnOpt), commonly used in reservoir management, can be seen as a special case of a natural evolution algorithm. Stein’s lemma gives a new interpretation of EnOpt. This interpretation enables us to study EnOpt in the context of general mutation distributions. In this paper, a non-Gaussian generalization of EnOpt (GenOpt) is proposed, where the control gradient is estimated using Stein’s lemma, and the mutation distribution is updated separately via natural evolution. For the multivariate case, a Gaussian copula is used to represent dependencies between the marginals. The correlation matrix is also iteratively optimized. It is shown that using beta distributions as marginals in the GenOpt algorithm addresses the truncation problem that sometimes arises when applying EnOpt on bounded optimization problems. The performance of the proposed optimization algorithm is evaluated on several test cases. The experiments indicate that GenOpt is less dependent on the chosen hyperparameters, and it is able to converge more quickly than EnOpt on a reservoir management test case.
Source‐To‐Sink Analysis in the Mesozoic SW Junggar Basin, Central Asia: Evidence From Detrital Garnet and Tourmaline Geochemistry
Authors: Guan X. , Wu C. , Xu Y. , Saylor J. , Lin C. , Zhang W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSource‐to‐sink systems respond to and therefore potentially record topographic and tectonic changes. North of the Tian Shan Belt, the Sikeshu subbasin of the SW Junggar Basin transitioned from active extension in the Triassic to post‐extensional subsidence in the Jurassic‐Cretaceous. Sediment in the Sikeshu subbasin has been shown to be derived from the Tianshan. However, the details of the source‐to‐sink system remain unclear and discrepancies exist between proxy records. The heavy minerals in the Middle Triassic in the Sikeshu subbasin are dominated by garnets. To investigate the garnet sources and decipher the Mesozoic source‐to‐sink evolution, we conducted petrological and sedimentary analysis and detrital garnet and tourmaline geochemistry. We found that the geochemistry of garnets in the Middle Triassic sandstone is most consistent with that of the skarns in the Yili Block (YB) in Tianshan, while the geochemistry of 55%–84% of garnets in other Mesozoic sandstones is consistent with that of garnets in amphibolites in the YB. The geochemistry of the tourmalines since the Upper Triassic is consistent with that of the meta‐sedimentary rocks in the YB and Central Tianshan Block. The dominance of garnets sourced from skarns in the Middle Triassic probably indicates a near‐source point provenance and the broader range of garnet compositions from the Upper Triassic–Lower Cretaceous suggests multiple sources. We infer that the point source changed to multiple sources, which is consistent with the zircon spectra changing from unimodal to multimodal. This change reflects the expansion of the drainage that accompanies a change from active rifting to a post‐rift stage.
Oxidized Sulfur Species in Slab Fluids as a Source of Enriched Sulfur Isotope Signatures in Arcs
Authors: Beaudry Patrick , Sverjensky Dimitri A. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractRecycling of oxidized sulfur from subducting slabs to the mantle wedge provides simultaneous explanations for the elevated oxygen fugacity (fO2) in subduction zones, their high hydrothermal and magmatic sulfur outputs, and the enriched sulfur isotopic signatures (i.e., δ34S > 0‰) of these outputs. However, a quantitative understanding of the abundance and speciation of sulfur in slab fluids consistent with high pressure experiments is lacking. Here we analyze published experimental data for anhydrite solubility in H2O‐NaCl solutions to calibrate a high‐pressure aqueous speciation model of sulfur within the framework of the deep earth water model. We characterize aqueous complexes, required to account for the high experimental anhydrite solubilities. We then use this framework to predict the speciation and solubility of sulfur in chemically complex fluids in equilibrium with model subducting mafic and ultramafic lithologies, from 2 to 3 GPa and 400 to 800°C at log fO2 from FMQ‐2 to FMQ+4. We show that sulfate complexes of calcium and sodium markedly enhance the stability of sulfate in moderately oxidized fluids in equilibrium with pyrite at fO2 conditions of FMQ+1 to +2, causing large sulfur isotope fractionations up to 10‰ in the fluid relative to the slab. Such fluids could impart oxidized, sulfur‐rich and high δ34S signatures to the mantle wedge that are ultimately transferred to arc magmas, without the need to invoke 34S‐rich subducted lithologies.
Atmospheric River Brings Warmth and Rainfall to the Northern Antarctic Peninsula During the Mid‐Austral Winter of 2023
Authors: Bozkurt D. , Carrasco J. F. , Cordero R. R. , Fernandoy F. , Gómez‐Contreras A. , Carrillo B. , Guan B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractContrasting the extensive research on summer atmospheric rivers (ARs) in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP), winter AR impacts are less understood. This study examines a unique warming event from 1 to 3 July 2023, using in situ winter observations and ERA5 reanalysis. On 2 July, Frei station experienced an extreme warm event with a temperature of 2.7°C and a significant rise in the freezing level, coinciding with winter rainfall. A pressure dipole pattern over the AP, with contrasting circulations over Bellingshausen and Weddell Seas, facilitated an AR, carrying warm, humid air initially from South America/Atlantic and then the southeast Pacific. This shift resulted in anomalous water stable isotope composition in precipitation. Trends suggest a strengthening winter pressure dipole, associated with increased AR frequency and higher temperatures in northern AP. These findings highlight the importance of winter observations in exploring AR impacts, bridging knowledge gaps about winter AR behaviors.
Observational Constraints on Basin‐Scale Runoff: A Request for Both Improved ESMs and Streamflow Reconstructions
Authors: Douville H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEfforts to predict long‐term changes in continental runoff at both global and basin scales generally remain ambiguous. Here we use a global runoff reconstruction and a Bayesian statistical method to narrow uncertainties in runoff projections from the latest generation of global climate models. Three representative tropical river basins are used to illustrate the application and showcase the potential for substantial reduction in modeling uncertainty. Yet, results are fairly sensitive to the selected reconstruction thus highlighting the need for reliable and homogeneized gridded runoff data sets or river discharge measurements. Moreover, climate models do not account for water withdrawals, whose effect on observed runoff should also be removed in order to detect and attribute the hydrological effect of climate change. Finally, and more importantly, most models fail at capturing the observed recent decrease in runoff ratio, which may highlight either model deficiencies or increasing water derivation over the selected river basins.
Dipole Response of Mesoscale Eddy Formation to Monsoon Transition in the Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Gao Libao , Zu Yongcan , Guo Guijun , Kong Bin , Fang Yue , Williams Guy D. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Southeast Tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO), dominated by the Indian Ocean monsoon, is an important source region for strong mesoscale eddies. To date, the impacts of the Indian Ocean monsoon on mesoscale eddies have not been clarified. Here we report on the dipole response of mesoscale eddy formation to monsoon transition in the SETIO, using satellite and reanalysis data sets. During the summer monsoon season, anticyclonic eddies are mainly concentrated north of 12°S, while cyclonic eddies are south of 12°S. This situation reverses during the winter monsoon season. We attribute this dipole feature to the oceanic perturbations and current shear during the different monsoon periods. A geographical boundary along 12°S aligns with meridional changes in eddy potential energy, which delineates the generation and direction of the newly‐formed eddies. The hot spot region, rich in eddy energy properties, tends to promote eddy formation and endurance during the monsoon periods.
The Impact of CO2 and Climate State on Whether Dansgaard–Oeschger Type Oscillations Occur in Climate Models
Authors: Malmierca‐Vallet Irene , Sime Louise C. , Valdes Paul J. , Klockmann Marlene , Vettoretti Guido , Slattery John 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGreenland ice core records feature Dansgaard–Oeschger (D‐O) events, which are abrupt warming episodes followed by gradual cooling during ice age climate. The three climate models used in this study (CCSM4, MPI‐ESM, and HadCM3) show spontaneous self‐sustained D‐O‐like oscillations (albeit with differences in amplitude, duration, and shape) in a remarkably similar, narrow window of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, roughly 185–230 ppm. This range matches atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS 3: between 27.8 and 59.4 thousand of years BP, hereafter ka), a period when D‐O events were most frequent. Insights from the three climate models point to North Atlantic (NA) sea‐ice coverage as a key ingredient behind D‐O type oscillations, which acts as a “tipping element.” Other climate state properties such as Mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation strength, global mean temperature and salinity gradient in the Atlantic Ocean do not determine whether D‐O type behavior can occur in all three models.
Moment of Inertia and Tectonic Record of Asteroid 16 Psyche May Reveal Interior Structure and Core Solidification Processes
Authors: Nichols‐Fleming Fiona , Evans Alexander J. , Johnson Brandon C. , Sori Michael M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe thermal and chemical evolution of (16) Psyche would have been influenced by the direction of core solidification and thickness of an outer (rocky) silicate layer. We model the thermal evolution and core solidification of Psyche for a range of outer silicate layer thicknesses and core sulfur contents to calculate the resulting radial contraction and moments of inertia. We generally find that increasing the thickness of the outer silicate layer by 10 km results in a ∼1‐km reduction in total radial contraction. Additionally, we find that the timing of full core solidification, and thus a large amount of predicted contraction, can differ by up to 25 Myr for inward versus outward core growth. Finally, our calculated moment‐of‐inertia factors for models with inward core growth that contain sulfur are consistently larger than those with outward core growth. Ultimately, spacecraft‐derived estimates of Psyche's moment of inertia and surface contraction will be able to provide constraints on Psyche's interior evolution, silicate layer thickness, and direction of core solidification.
Spatio‐Temporal Variations of Habitat Quality Under 8 SSP‐RCP Scenarios in China
Authors: Feng Yuke , Zhai Shiyan , Song Genxin , Song Hongquan , Dong Guanpeng , Jiang Xintong , Dong Changchang , Jayathilaka H. B. T. P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHabitat quality is a key expression of ecosystem ability and the basis for effective species conservation and regional ecological environment improvement. However, most studies have focused on assessing habitat quality over historical periods, ignoring the influence of coupled future development paths and climate change. The present study addresses this issue by developing a spatial‐temporal variation analysis framework for assessing habitat quality in China, which integrates the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade‐offs (InVEST) model with eight Earth system coupled scenarios (SSP‐RCP). The results showed that from 2020 to 2100, and under five scenarios (SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP4‐6.0, SSP5‐3.4, and SSP5‐8.5), habitat quality was generally stable and high, while under three scenarios (SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, and SSP4‐3.4), it decreased. The SSP2‐4.5 scenario was significantly better than the SSP4‐3.4 scenario. In all scenarios, the influences of different development patterns on China's ecologically fragile areas were obvious and serious. In 2030 and 2060, the spatial distribution patterns of habitat degradation and habitat quality had similar characteristics. High habitat degradation values were mostly distributed east of the Heihe‐Tengchong Line, while low values were mainly distributed in the arid zone. The mean habitat degradation ranged between 0.0226 and 0.0302, and the degradation degree was relatively light. The habitat quality index mean was 0.5120–0.5376, indicating that the overall habitat quality was at the medium level. This study provides a potential ecological protection baseline for China based on habitat protection and provides an important reference for China's sustainable development.
Mountainous Floodplain Connectivity in Response to Hydrological Transitions
Authors: Babey Tristan , Perzan Zach , Pierce Sam , Rogers Brian , Wang Lijing , Carroll Rosemary W. H. , Bargar John R. , Boye Kristin , Maher Kate 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn mountainous watersheds, floodplain sediments are typically characterized by gravel bed layers capped by an overlying soil unit that serves as a hotspot for biogeochemical reactivity. However, the influence of soil biogeochemistry on gravel bed underflow composition remains unclear, especially during hydrological transitions that alter the vertical connectivity between overlaying soils and the underlying gravel bed. This study investigates these dynamics by measuring hydraulic gradients and water compositions over three hydrological years in a typical mountainous, low‐order stream floodplain in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Results indicate that the timing of hydrological conditions strongly influences the vertical exchanges that control water quality. Specifically, during flooding events such as beaver ponding, that induce downward flushing of the soil, anoxic conditions prevalent in the biogeochemically active soil are transferred downstream via gravel bed underflow. Conversely, snowmelt and drought conditions increase oxic conditions in the gravel bed due to diminished hydrological connectivity with the overlying soil. To compare water quality response to hydrological transitions across similar floodplain environments, we propose a conceptual model that quantifies the inundation‐induced flushing of soil porewater to measure solute exchange efficiency with the gravel bed solute convergence efficiency (SCE). This model provides a framework for quantifying biogeochemical processes in hydrological underflow systems, which is critical for water and elemental budgets in these globally important mountainous ecosystems.
Biomarkers of mortality in adults and adolescents with advanced HIV in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Riitho Victor , Connon Roisin , Gwela Agnes , Namusanje Josephine , Nhema Ruth , Siika Abraham , Bwakura-Dangarembizi Mutsa , Musiime Victor , Berkley James A. , Szubert Alex J. , Gibb Diana M. , Walker A. Sarah , Klein Nigel , Prendergast Andrew J. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractOne-third of people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced disease. We investigated associations between immune biomarkers and mortality in participants with advanced HIV randomised to cotrimoxazole or enhanced antimicrobial prophylaxis in the Reduction of Early Mortality in HIV-Infected Adults and Children Starting Antiretroviral Therapy (REALITY) trial (ISRCTN43622374). Biomarkers were assayed using ELISA and Luminex. Associations between baseline values and all-cause 24-week mortality were analysed using Cox models, and for cause-specific mortality used Fine & Gray models, including prophylaxis randomisation, viral load, CD4, WHO stage, age, BMI, and site as covariates; and weighted according to inverse probability of selection into the substudy. Higher baseline CRP, IFN-γ, IL-6 and IP-10 were associated with higher all-cause mortality; and higher IL-23, IL-2 and RANTES with lower all-cause mortality. Associations varied by cause of death: tuberculosis-associated mortality was most strongly associated with higher CRP and sST2, and cryptococcosis-associated mortality with higher IL-4 and lower IL-8. Changes in I-FABP (p = 0.002), faecal alpha-1 antitrypsin (p = 0.01) and faecal myeloperoxidase (p = 0.005) between baseline and 4 weeks post-ART were greater in those receiving enhanced versus cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. Our findings highlight how the immune milieu shapes outcomes following ART initiation, and how adjunctive antimicrobials can modulate the gut environment in advanced HIV.
COVID-19 vaccination and major cardiovascular and haematological adverse events in Abu Dhabi: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pimentel Marco A. F. , Shaikh Maaz , Al Safi Muna , Naqvi Yousuf , Khan Shadab 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccines has prompted a need to understand their safety profile. This investigation focuses on the safety of inactivated and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, particularly concerning potential cardiovascular and haematological adverse events. A retrospective cohort study was conducted for 1.3 million individuals residing in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, who received 1.8 million doses of the inactivated BBIBP CorV (by SinoPharm) and mRNA-based BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines between June 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The study’s primary outcome was to assess the occurrence of selected cardiovascular and haematological events leading to hospitalization or emergency room visits within 21 days post-vaccination. Results showed no significant increase in the incidence rates of these events compared to the subsequent 22 to 42 days following vaccination. Analysis revealed no elevated risk for adverse outcomes following first (IRR 1·03; 95% CI 0·82-1·31), second (IRR 0·92; 95% CI 0·72-1·16) and third (IRR 0·82; 95% CI 0·66-1·00) doses of either vaccine. This study found no substantial link between receiving either mRNA and inactivated COVID-19 vaccines and a higher likelihood of cardiovascular or haematological events within 21 days after vaccination.
VirBR, a transcription regulator, promotes IncX3 plasmid transmission, and persistence of blaNDM-5 in zoonotic bacteria
Authors: Ma Tengfei , Xie Ning , Gao Yuan , Fu Jiani , Tan Chun E. , Yang Qiu E. , Wang Shaolin , Shen Zhangqi , Ji Quanjiang , Parkhill Julian , Wu Congming , Wang Yang , Walsh Timothy R. , Shen Jianzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIncX3 plasmids carrying the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-encoding gene, blaNDM-5, are rapidly spreading globally in both humans and animals. Given that carbapenems are listed on the WHO AWaRe watch group and are prohibited for use in animals, the drivers for the successful dissemination of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) carrying blaNDM-5-IncX3 plasmids still remain unknown. We observe that E. coli carrying blaNDM-5-IncX3 can persist in chicken intestines either under the administration of amoxicillin, one of the largest veterinary β-lactams used in livestock, or without any antibiotic pressure. We therefore characterise the blaNDM-5-IncX3 plasmid and identify a transcription regulator, VirBR, that binds to the promoter of the regulator gene actX enhancing the transcription of Type IV secretion systems (T4SS); thereby, promoting conjugation of IncX3 plasmids, increasing pili adhesion capacity and enhancing the colonisation of blaNDM-5-IncX3 transconjugants in animal digestive tracts. Our mechanistic and in-vivo studies identify VirBR as a major factor in the successful spread of blaNDM-5-IncX3 across one-health AMR sectors. Furthermore, VirBR enhances the plasmid conjugation and T4SS expression by the presence of copper and zinc ions, thereby having profound ramifications on the use of universal animal feeds.
CD4+ T cells display a spectrum of recall dynamics during re-infection with malaria parasites
Authors: Lee Hyun Jae , Moreira Marcela L. , Li Shihan , Asatsuma Takahiro , Williams Cameron G. , Skinner Oliver P. , Asad Saba , Bramhall Michael , Jiang Zhe , Liu Zihan , Kerr Ashlyn S. , Engel Jessica A. , Soon Megan S. F. , Straube Jasmin , Barrera Irving , Murray Evan , Chen Fei , Nideffer Jason , Jagannathan Prasanna , Haque Ashraful 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChildren in malaria-endemic regions can experience repeated Plasmodium infections over short periods of time. Effects of re-infection on multiple co-existing CD4+ T cell subsets remain unresolved. Here, we examine antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells during re-infection in mice, using scRNA-seq/TCR-seq and spatial transcriptomics. TCR transgenic TEM cells initiate rapid Th1/Tr1 recall responses prior to proliferating, while GC Tfh counterparts are refractory, with TCM/Tfh-like cells exhibiting modest non-proliferative responses. Th1-recall is a partial facsimile of primary Th1-responses, with no upregulated effector-associated genes being unique to recall. Polyclonal, TCR-diverse, CD4+ T cells exhibit similar recall dynamics, with individual clones giving rise to multiple effectors including highly proliferative Th1/Tr1 cells, as well as GC Tfh and Tfh-like cells lacking proliferative capacity. Thus, we show substantial diversity in recall responses mounted by multiple co-existing CD4+ T cell subsets in the spleen, and present graphical user interfaces for studying gene expression dynamics and clonal relationships during re-infection.