bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Bacterial-Like Phosphoprotein Phosphatases in Photosynthetic Eukaryotes Features Ancestral Mitochondrial or Archaeal Origin and Possible Lateral Gene Transfer
Authors: Uhrig R. Glen , Kerk David , Moorhead Greg B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a reversible regulatory process catalyzed by the opposing reactions of protein kinases and phosphatases, which are central to the proper functioning of the cell. Dysfunction of members in either the protein kinase or phosphatase family can have wide-ranging deleterious effects in both metazoans and plants alike. Previously, three bacterial-like phosphoprotein phosphatase classes were uncovered in eukaryotes and named according to the bacterial sequences with which they have the greatest similarity: Shewanella-like (SLP), Rhizobiales-like (RLPH), and ApaH-like (ALPH) phosphatases. Utilizing the wealth of data resulting from recently sequenced complete eukaryotic genomes, we conducted database searching by hidden Markov models, multiple sequence alignment, and phylogenetic tree inference with Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods to elucidate the pattern of evolution of eukaryotic bacterial-like phosphoprotein phosphatase sequences, which are predominantly distributed in photosynthetic eukaryotes. We uncovered a pattern of ancestral mitochondrial (SLP and RLPH) or archaeal (ALPH) gene entry into eukaryotes, supplemented by possible instances of lateral gene transfer between bacteria and eukaryotes. In addition to the previously known green algal and plant SLP1 and SLP2 protein forms, a more ancestral third form (SLP3) was found in green algae. Data from in silico subcellular localization predictions revealed class-specific differences in plants likely to result in distinct functions, and for SLP sequences, distinctive and possibly functionally significant differences between plants and nonphotosynthetic eukaryotes. Conserved carboxyl-terminal sequence motifs with class-specific patterns of residue substitutions, most prominent in photosynthetic organisms, raise the possibility of complex interactions with regulatory proteins.
Moving beyond the business plan in enterprise education
Authors: Jones Colin , Penaluna Andy 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to approach the debate surrounding the role of business plans in enterprise/entrepreneurship education from a different perspective; that of the student. The paper argues that much of the consternation within this stubborn debate derives from a lack of appreciation of the context actually occurring in the lives of our students. The paper aims to explore several arguments directly related to these contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach is to build around a combining of cycles of reflective practice via the authors’ iterative consultation with each other. The paper seeks to explore the world of the student via an enfolding of the literature, but ultimately we do not claim to have hidden our personal biases.

Findings
– It is important to separate enterprise education (EE) from entrepreneurship education when discussing the role of the business plan. While the business plan has a place in the latter, it makes little sense for it to be a focal learning activity in the former. In addition, we see this outcome as a positive outcome for our field with little point in continuing on with what has become a fairly pointless debate.

Practical implications
– The paper concludes that once EE is viewed as being distinctly different from entrepreneurship education it is free to be considered with more precision what learning needs exist. Focusing on learning needs changes the direction of the discussion, with the business plan only up for discussion if it contributes a learning activity related to pre-determined learning outcomes.

Originality/value
– The paper offers a constructive way forward from a debate that has been beset with extreme vested interests for too long.
Financial inclusion and social financialisation: Britain in a European context
Authors: Sinclair Stephen 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The article aims to discuss findings from a knowledge exchange review of financial inclusion in Britain and compare these to key features of financial exclusion evident from European analyses.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper is based on an innovative knowledge exchange project. Rapid research reviews analysed evidence on financial exclusion in Britain in relation to access to banking services; to credit; to household insurance; personal savings and assets; money advice provision; and financial capability. The findings from these reviews were discussed by stakeholders representing the private, government, community and civil society sectors in a series of evidence review forums. The results of these discussions were summarised and reconsidered at a national knowledge exchange conference. Throughout the project, stakeholders exchange opinions about the state of financial exclusion knowledge through an online discussion forum.

Findings
– The research identified agreement among British stakeholders over several aspects of financial exclusion, in particular continuing problems of access to mainstream banking services for low income customers and a lack of appropriate and affordable credit provision. Areas of controversy included whether banks denied services to lower income customers or were withdrawing from deprived communities, and the necessity for further regulation of mainstream financial services.

Originality/value
– Comparing these findings to research from other European countries raises questions about how financial inclusion should be defined, and whether existing indicators capture this adequately across contrasting social, institutional and regulatory contexts. The research raises challenges for policy transfer between countries.
Government versus private primary schools in India
Authors: Gouda Jitendra , Chandra Das Kailash , Goli Srinivas , Maikho Apollo Pou Ladumai 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– This paper is an effort to identify the difference between government and private primary schools in terms of physical infrastructure, schooling costs and student's performance. Further, the paper assessed the role of physical infrastructure and schooling costs on the performance of students. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study used India Human Development Survey (IHDS) data. Bivariate, trivariate, χ2 and ANOVA test, factor analyses and Theil index are used as methods of analyses.

Findings
– The results present a distinct picture of government and private primary school education in India in terms of physical infrastructure standards, schooling cost and performance of students. In all the three selected indicators, private primary schools remained a forerunner or outperform the government primary schools in India. Besides this, the physical infrastructure and schooling cost found to have effect on performance of students both in private and public schools.

Practical implications
– Since government primary schools hold more than 70 percent of total students, there is an urgent need to improve the standards of primary education in these schools. Further, efforts are needed to reduce the gaps between private and public schools in terms of its basic physical facilities and performance of students in the country.

Originality/value
– The paper used the IHDS to examine the existing differentials between government and private primary schools. The analysis is purely an original work.
Rescripting criminal identity
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– This research paper aims to examine how organized criminals rescript their identities to engage with entrepreneurship discourse when authoring their biographies. From a sociological perspective, stereotypes and social constructs of the entrepreneur and the criminal are subjects of recurring interest. Yet, despite the prevalence of the stereotype of the entrepreneur as a hero-figure in the entrepreneurship literature and the conflation of the entrepreneur with the stereotype of the businessman, notions of entrepreneurial identity are not fixed with constructions of the entrepreneur as a rascal, rogue or villain being accepted as alternative social constructs.Design/methodology/approach– The qualitative approaches of “biographical analysis” and “close reading” adopted help us draw out discursive strategies.Findings– The main finding is that a particular genre of criminal biographies can be re-read as entrepreneur stories. The theme of nuanced entrepreneurial identities and in particular gangster discourse is under researched. In this study, by conducting a close reading of contemporary biographies of British criminals, the paper encounters self-representations of criminals who seek to author an alternative and more appealing social identity as entrepreneurs. That this re-scripting of personal biographies to make gangster stories conform to the genre of entrepreneur stories is of particular interest.Research limitations/implications– This study points to similarities and differences between criminal and entrepreneurial biographies. It also presents sociological insights into an alternative version of entrepreneurial identity and sociological constructions of the criminal as entrepreneur.Practical implications– This research provides an insight into how criminals seek to legitimise their life-stories.Originality/value– This research paper is of value in that it is the first to consider contemporary biographies of British criminals as entrepreneurship discourse. Understanding how criminal biographies and entrepreneur stories share similar socially constructed themes, storylines and epistemologies contribute to the development of entrepreneurship and sociological research by examining entrepreneurship in an unusual social setting.
Project finance and investments in risky environments: evidence from the infrastructure sector
Authors: Rajan Annamalai Thillai , Jain Nikhil 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Privately financed infrastructure projects commonly use a project finance structure. Project finance is expected to facilitate investment flow in risky environments. The objective of this paper examines the link between the use of project finance and investments in risky environments.

Design/methodology/approach
– Project Finance International database has been used as the data source for this study. 3,372 transactions from power, oil and gas, transportation, telecommunication, and water supply sectors have been considered means analysis and multi-variate regression models have been used in the analysis.

Findings
– The average project cost in a developing country was higher than that of developed countries. Gearing ratio, however, was higher in the developed countries. This indicated that the projects had a lower level of inherent risk, which enabled them to get funded at high gearing levels. The proportion of foreign banks in the syndicate was higher in the developing countries, which indicated that the use of project finance has helped to attract investment from foreign investors.

Practical implications
– Practitioners and project development companies in the developing countries should actively consider using project financing technique for achieving financial closure of large infrastructure projects. Simultaneously, policy makers should create appropriate supporting institutional framework (regulatory, legal, contractual arrangements) that supports the use of project finance.

Originality/value
– As far as the authors know, this study uses a dataset that has not been used in the previous studies. The results of this paper strengthen the understanding of project financing.
The effects of the 2008 short-sales ban
Authors: Copeland Laurence , T. Elliott Joseph 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the ban on short trading of stocks on the London Stock Exchange, introduced in September 2008 in the immediate aftermath of the collapse of Lehman Brothers. In particular, the paper investigates how far the ban succeeded in achieving the objectives set out by the regulator, the Financial Services Authority (FSA).

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach involves comparing the returns on a portfolio of stocks covered by the short-sales ban with a portfolio of financial stocks exempt from the ban as a control group.

Findings
– The paper presents evidence to show the effects to the ban to have been mostly confined to a large first-day return. Beyond that, there is some evidence that volatility was diverted from stocks covered by the ban to those for which short-sales were still permitted. Investors seem to have been wary of buying banned stocks when good news arrived, presumably out of fear that they may be overpriced.

Research limitations/implications
– All event studies are subject to the curse of the counterfactual: what would have happened if the event had not occurred? The problem is especially acute here, however, because the background was the most turbulent in modern economic and financial history.

Practical implications
– The paper shows the limited value of short-sales bans over anything beyond the very short-term.

Originality/value
– This paper helps to inform regulatory decision-making in financial crises.
The moderating effect of perceived job characteristics on the proactive personality-organizational citizenship behavior relationship
Authors: W. Liguori Eric , D. McLarty Benjamin , Muldoon Jeffrey 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between proactive personality and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs). Moderators between these constructs are proposed in order to explain varying levels of dispositional impact on work behavior. These relationships were also tested to see whether proactive personality should be considered a strong or weak trait. Trait activation theory and social exchange theory are used to develop hypotheses.Design/methodology/approach– Data collected via a targeted sampling strategy from 178 supervisor-subordinate dyads spanning multiple industries and organizations were used. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical linear regression.Findings– Results indicate a positive relationship exists between proactive personality and organizationally directed citizenship behaviors, and that this relationship is moderated by both job autonomy and job meaning.Originality/value– The paper is one of the first to explore the relationship between proactive personality and citizenship behaviors directed at the organization. It also bolsters the strong trait argument by demonstrating that, even in conditions of low autonomy and meaning, highly proactive individuals will still perform OCBs.
Transcending the power of hierarchy to facilitate shared leadership
Authors: Barnes Barry , H. Humphreys John , D. Oyler Jennifer , S. Pane Haden Stephanie , M. Novicevic Milorad 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Although communal forms of leadership are being called for to provide contemporary organizations with more responsive leadership platforms, the paper can find no compelling description as to how such leadership might develop in a world of hierarchy. The purpose of this paper is to fill this void.

Design/methodology/approach
– Attempting to comprehend the sharing of leadership will require contemplation of unconventional approaches in opposition to the dominant logic associated with conventional organizational leadership. One current example of such unorthodox deliberation is the emerging awareness of the Grateful Dead's influence on business management and leadership. Accordingly, the paper examined and interpreted the experiences and expressed beliefs of Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead to offer a conceptualization of how shared leadership could emerge in traditional organizational settings.

Findings
– The analysis indicates that Jerry Garcia exhibited aspects of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and authentic leadership that allowed him to influence the environment needed for the emergence of shared leadership.

Research limitations/implications
– As a single case study, the primary limitation is one of generalizability. The paper accepts the trade-off, however, due to the significant conceptual insights available with a case methodology.

Practical implications
– Without greater understanding of how shared leadership might unfold practitioners will assume the construct of shared leadership is laudable but naïve. The paper must begin developing plausible conceptualizations if the notion of sharing leadership is to be taken more seriously in organizations.

Originality/value
– The paper offers a counterintuitive, counterculture conceptualization of how shared leadership could emerge and flourish in traditional hierarchical settings.
Toward a model of purposeful participant inclusion: examining deselection as a participant risk
Authors: Jean DeFeo Dayna 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore purposive approaches to participant selection and to consider how deselecting qualified participants from research studies, particularly in studies of identity, may cause psychological harm.Design/methodology/approach– Within a framework of social identity theory, the paper reviews current approaches to participant selection in the purposive paradigm and uses examples from a case study to illustrate how research participants may be impacted by researcher decisions to include or deselect an individual from participation.Findings– Understanding the importance of belonging and validation on an individual's self-concept, threatening or challenging an individual's identity through the deselection process may present a tangible participant risk.Research limitations/implications– Though many methodologists cite the benefits of participating in narrative studies, if there is a tangible benefit in inclusion, there may conversely be a considerable harm in exclusion. Thusly, in cases of research exploring identity, particularly of marginalized populations, the researcher and ethics committee should examine the selection process itself as a potential participant risk.Originality/value– Though the ethics review seeks to ensure participant safety, it focusses on ongoing threats for the selected individuals, and does not generally consider psychological impacts of the selection process itself on would-be participants who are screened out of the pool. The paper examines the evaluative process of participant selection and posits that it must be scrutinized as a potential participant risk.
A grounded theory analysis of corporate governance in Egyptian banking
Authors: Karim Sorour Mohamed , E. Howell Kerry 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate corporate governance (CG) practices of banking organizations in Egypt and seeks to understand the extent these can be considered socially constructed phenomenon.Design/methodology/approach– Through a qualitative research design underpinned by a combination of phenomenological and social constructivist paradigms the paper undertakes a grounded theory study of CG in a specific context (the Egyptian banking sector). The paper is based on a survey and 58 semi-structured interviews.Findings– CG as a dynamic and context-based phenomenon, which requires a processual mode of analysis rather than the widely accepted static approach. Empirical evidence that concerns whether the adoption of CG is based on achieving legitimacy is provided, which identifies that this is difficult to understand through traditional shareholder-stakeholder theories; economic rationality and efficiency fail to fully explain CG and investigation requires phenomenological constructivist approaches. Relationships between substantive and formal theories are identified and explored.Practical implications– Identification of the structural factors affecting CG in Egyptian banking, the processes involved for its handling and the consequences of the interaction between these areas provide policy-makers with an in-depth understanding which is necessary for effective governance reform. Through memos, coding and categorization the relationships between substantive theory and practice are rendered explicit.Originality/value– The paper demonstrates that through a phenomenological constructivist perspective a qualitative research design can offer new insights into CG phenomenon. The paper heeds calls for empirical research in CG that takes into account the institutional environment within which it is embedded.
Utility of Specimens Positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae by the Aptima Combo 2 Assay for Assessment of Strain Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Pabbaraju Kanti , Wong Sallene , Song Joanna J. , Singh Ameeta E. , Read Ron , Drews Steven J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

In our jurisdiction, the Aptima Combo 2 assay (Gen-Probe, Inc.) is used to detect
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
from specimens collected at clinics for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and from select community patients. In addition, swabs are also collected for
N. gonorrhoeae
culture, susceptibility testing, and sequence typing (ST). Since only a small proportion of samples from provincial cases undergo culture, the available trends in antimicrobial susceptibility and predominant strain types may not be representative of all
N. gonorrhoeae
infections. Due to the limitations facing the use of
N. gonorrhoeae
culture to understand these trends in the general community, we performed a molecular analysis for markers of cephalosporin resistance and ST determination by using nucleic acid extracts of specimens sent for Aptima testing. Thirty-four samples submitted for both Aptima testing and
N. gonorrhoeae
culture from the same anatomic location (within 24 h) were included in the study. Sequence type was determined based on the sequence of the
por
and
tbpB
genes, and amino acid changes in the PBP 2 protein, encoded by the
penA
gene, were considered representative for the assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility. Sequence identity of 100% was observed between the sequences obtained from Aptima-analyzed samples and culture samples. Sequencing results showed an association between decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC
ds
),
tbp
allele 110, ST 1407, and amino acid changes (G545S, I312M, and V316T) in the PBP 2 protein. Our data, generated based on a few representative genes, suggest that gonococcal samples positive by Aptima testing can be used to determine single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with ESC
ds
and the sequence type based on molecular strain typing. Confirmation of these findings may obviate the need for gonorrhea culture in the future.
Molecular Diagnosis of Actinomadura madurae Infection by 16S rRNA Deep Sequencing
Authors: Salipante Stephen J. , SenGupta Dhruba J. , Hoogestraat Daniel R. , Cummings Lisa A. , Bryant Bronwyn H. , Natividad Catherine , Thielges Stephanie , Monsaas Peter W. , Chau Mimosa , Barbee Lindley A. , Rosenthal Christopher , Cookson Brad T. , Hoffman Noah G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Next-generation DNA sequencing can be used to catalog individual organisms within complex, polymicrobial specimens. Here, we utilized deep sequencing of 16S rRNA to implicate
Actinomadura madurae
as the cause of mycetoma in a diabetic patient when culture and conventional molecular methods were overwhelmed by overgrowth of other organisms.