bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing gull diet in a changing world: A 150‐year stable isotope (δ13C,δ15N) record from feathers collected in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Blight Louise K. , Hobson Keith A. , Kyser T. Kurt , Arcese Peter 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe world's oceans have undergone significant ecological changes following European colonial expansion and associated industrialization. Seabirds are useful indicators of marine food web structure and can be used to track multidecadal environmental change, potentially reflecting long‐term human impacts. We used stable isotope (δ13C,δ15N) analysis of feathers from glaucous‐winged gulls (Larus glaucescens) in a heavily disturbed region of the northeast Pacific to ask whether diets of this generalist forager changed in response to shifts in food availability over 150 years, and whether any detected change might explain long‐term trends in gull abundance. Sampled feathers came from birds collected between 1860 and 2009 at nesting colonies in the Salish Sea, a transboundary marine system adjacent to Washington,USAand British Columbia, Canada. To determine whether temporal trends in stable isotope ratios might simply reflect changes to baseline environmental values, we also analysed muscle tissue from forage fishes collected in the same region over a multidecadal timeframe. Values ofδ13C andδ15N declined since 1860 in both subadult and adult gulls (δ13C, ~ 2–6‰;δ15N, ~4–5‰), indicating that their diet has become less marine over time, and that birds now feed at a lower trophic level than previously. Conversely, forage fishδ13C andδ15N values showed no trends, supporting our conclusion that gull feather values were indicative of declines in marine food availability rather than of baseline environmental change. Gradual declines in feather isotope values are consistent with trends predicted had gulls consumed less fish over time, but were equivocal with respect to whether gulls had switched to a more garbage‐based diet, or one comprising marine invertebrates. Nevertheless, our results suggest a long‐term decrease in diet quality linked to declining fish abundance or other anthropogenic influences, and may help to explain regional population declines in this species and other piscivores.
The role of patient experience surveys in quality assurance and improvement: a focus group study in English general practice
Authors: Boiko Olga , Campbell John L. , Elmore Natasha , Davey Antoinette F. , Roland Martin , Burt Jenni 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundDespite widespread adoption of patient feedback surveys in international health‐care systems, including the English NHS, evidence of a demonstrable impact of surveys on service improvement is sparse.ObjectiveTo explore the views of primary care practice staff regarding the utility of patient experience surveys.DesignQualitative focus groups.Setting and participantsStaff from 14 English general practices.ResultsWhilst participants engaged with feedback from patient experience surveys, they routinely questioned its validity and reliability. Participants identified surveys as having a number of useful functions: for patients, as a potentially therapeutic way of getting their voice heard; for practice staff, as a way of identifying areas of improvement; and for GPs, as a source of evidence for professional development and appraisal. Areas of potential change stimulated by survey feedback included redesigning front‐line services, managing patient expectations and managing the performance of GPs. Despite this, practice staff struggled to identify and action changes based on survey feedback alone.DiscussionWhilst surveys may be used to endorse existing high‐quality service delivery, their use in informing changes in service delivery is more challenging for practice staff. Drawing on the Utility Index framework, we identified concerns relating to reliability and validity, cost and feasibility acceptability and educational impact, which combine to limit the utility of patient survey feedback.ConclusionsFeedback from patient experience surveys has great potential. However, without a specific and renewed focus on how to translate feedback into action, this potential will remain incompletely realized.
Giving patients a starring role in their own care: a bibliometric analysis of the on‐going literature debate
Authors: Menichetti Julia , Libreri Chiara , Lozza Edoardo , Graffigna Guendalina 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐centred care has been advocated as a key component of high‐quality patient care, yet its meanings and related actions have been difficult to ascertain.ObjectiveTo map the use of different terms related to the process of giving patients a starring role in their own care and clarify the possible boundaries between terms that are often mixed.MethodsA literature search was conducted using different electronic databases. All records containing the search terms ‘patient engagement’, ‘patient activation’, ‘patient empowerment’, ‘patient involvement’, ‘patient adherence’, ‘patient compliance’ and ‘patient participation’ were collected. Identified literature was then analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The number of yearly publications, most productive countries, cross‐concepts articles and various scientific fields dealing with the multidisciplinary concepts were identified.ResultsOverall, 58 987 papers were analysed. Correspondence analysis revealed three temporal trends. The first period (2002–2004) focused on compliance and adherence, the second period (2006–2009) focused on the relationship between participation and involvement, and the third one (2010–2013) emphasized empowerment. Patient activation and patient engagement followed the temporal development trend connected to the ‘immediate future’.Discussion and conclusionsThe bibliometric trend suggests that the role of patient in the health‐care system is changing. In the last years, the patient was viewed as a passive receptor of medical prescription. To date, the need to consider patients as active partners of health‐care planning and delivery is growing. In particular, the term patient engagement appears promising, not only for its increasing growth of interest in the scholarly debate, but also because it offers a broader and better systemic conceptualization of the patients’ role in the fruition of health care. To build a shared vocabulary of terms and concepts related to the active role of patients in the health‐care process may be envisaged as the first operative step towards a concrete innovation of health‐care organizations and systems.
Analysing ‘big picture’ policy reform mechanisms: the Australian health service safety and quality accreditation scheme
Authors: Greenfield David , Hinchcliff Reece , Banks Margaret , Mumford Virginia , Hogden Anne , Debono Deborah , Pawsey Marjorie , Westbrook Johanna , Braithwaite Jeffrey 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundAgencies promoting national health‐care accreditation reform to improve the quality of care and safety of patients are largely working without specific blueprints that can increase the likelihood of success.ObjectiveThis study investigated the development and implementation of the Australian Health Service Safety and Quality Accreditation Scheme and National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards (the Scheme), their expected benefits, and challenges and facilitators to implementation.MethodsA multimethod study was conducted using document analysis, observation and interviews. Data sources were eight government reports, 25 h of observation and 34 interviews with 197 diverse stakeholders.ResultsDevelopment of the Scheme was achieved through extensive consultation conducted over a prolonged period, that is, from 2000 onwards. Participants, prior to implementation, believed the Scheme would produce benefits at multiple levels of the health system. The Scheme offered a national framework to promote patient‐centred care, allowing organizations to engage and coordinate professionals’ quality improvement activities. Significant challenges are apparent, including developing and maintaining stakeholder understanding of the Scheme's requirements. Risks must also be addressed. The standardized application of, and reliable assessment against, the standards must be achieved to maintain credibility with the Scheme. Government employment of effective stakeholder engagement strategies, such as structured consultation processes, was viewed as necessary for successful, sustainable implementation.ConclusionThe Australian experience demonstrates that national accreditation reform can engender widespread stakeholder support, but implementation challenges must be overcome. In particular, the fundamental role of continued stakeholder engagement increases the likelihood that such reforms are taken up and spread across health systems.
Quality enhancement of the abundant under‐valued crustacean, lobster krill (Munida spp.), during its chilled storage
Authors: García‐Soto Bibiana , Miranda José M. , Barros‐Velázquez Jorge , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryLobster krill (Munida genus) represents an under‐valued crustacean frequently caught on European fishing banks. In this work, its sensory, microbiological and biochemical qualities were evaluated during chilled storage. Additionally, the effects of a prestorage antimelanosic treatment consisting of soaking in sodium metabisulphite (SMB) solutions at two different concentrations (0.25% and 0.75%) were also studied. SMB prestorage treatment provided lobster specimens that still exhibited acceptable sensory quality after 10 days of storage, while control specimens were unacceptable at that time. SMB treatment also resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of microbial growth, mainly of Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophes and proteolytic bacteria. Low lipid oxidation levels were observed for all batches; however, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) retention of polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in SMB‐treated lobster, especially in the 0.75% SMB batch. The results presented here open the way to the potential commercialisation of currently under‐utilised lobster krill as a chilled product.
Lipid degradation and sensory characteristics ofM. biceps femorisin dry‐cured hams from Duroc using three different processing methods
Authors: Storrustløkken Linda , Devle Hanne Marie , Håseth Torunn T. , Egelandsdal Bjørg , Naess‐Andresen Carl Fredrik , Hollung Kristin , Berg Per , Ekeberg Dag , Alvseike Ole 
Published: November 2014

SummaryHams from Norwegian Duroc pigs, reared and fed identically, were dry‐cured using three different processing methods: Spanish Serrano (SS), Norwegian Parma‐style (PS) and deboning before curing (ND). The fatty acid compositions of the green and dry‐cured hams were analysed in terms of their neutral lipid, phospholipid and free fatty acid contents and correlated with sensory attributes. Although the three dry‐curing processes were quite different, the hams′ lipid profiles, lipid degradation patterns and lipid‐associated sensorial characteristics differed only slightly. The phospholipids were the most extensively degraded lipid class (88, 89% and 84% degradation inPS,SSandNDhams, respectively) for all processing methods. TheSSandPShams had slightly riper sensory profiles due to their extensive conversion of fatty acids into aroma components. The free fatty acid contents ofPS,SSandNDhams were 6.3, 6.2 and 7.5 times greater than those of green hams, respectively.
Short and Long Sleep Durations are Both Associated with Increased Risk of Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Ge Beihai , Guo Xiaomei 
Published: November 2014

Background There is uncertainty about the relationship between sleep duration and stroke risk. Aim We aimed to clarify the relationship between sleep duration and risk of stroke by using epidemiological evidence. Methods We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify all studies that might be looking at the association between sleep duration and stroke, including both cohort and cross-sectional studies. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated through a random-effects model. Results Our study included a total of 12 cohort studies and 6 cross-sectional studies. Pooled results from the cohort studies showed that short sleep duration was associated with a higher risk for stroke [HR, 1·13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·02–1·25], and that long sleep duration also increases the risk of having a stroke (HR, 1·40; 95% CI, 1·16–1·64). Results from cross-sectional studies confirmed the relationship between stroke and inappropriate sleep duration, either too little sleep or too much. For short sleep duration, the OR was 1·71 (1·39–2·02); for long sleep duration, the OR was 2·12 (1·51–2·73). Conclusion Both short and long sleep durations have a significant association with higher risk of stroke.
Dementia in older people: an update
Authors: LoGiudice D. , Watson R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDementia is a common condition of the elderly characterised by multiple cognitive deficits resulting in a decline from previous level of function. In the older person, multiple pathologies contribute, including changes commonly seen in Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies in addition to vascular changes. Comorbid factors, such as depression, delirium and polypharmacy can contribute to cognitive decline. Novel biomarkers and neuroimaging techniques may assist in the near future to improve accuracy of diagnosis. To date, pharmacological therapies have been largely unsuccessful and provide symptomatic relief only. The timely diagnosis of dementia can facilitate important discussions regarding personal and financial planning and introduce education and supports to the person with dementia and their carers. The person with dementia commonly experiences behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia that may cause much distress, including to families and carers. Clinical guidelines indicate non‐pharmacological approaches as first line measures, including attention to pain, nutrition and the environment. Dementia is recognised as a National Health Priority in Australia, and efforts to target risk factors as preventative measures to delay onset of dementia require further urgent consideration.
Transition from hospital to primary care: an audit of discharge summary – medication changes and follow‐up expectations
Authors: Tan B. , Mulo B. , Skinner M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical discharge summary remains a critical, but often poorly implemented tool in communication with primary care. An area of concern is the documentation of medication lists and appropriate follow up of medication changes.AimsTo assesses the accuracy of documentation of medication changes and expectations with regard to follow up from an acute assessment unit (AAU) of a tertiary metropolitan hospital.MethodsAll patients who were admitted and discharged directly from the unit during the month of June 2013 were audited. For all admissions, discharge summaries were audited for medication errors and for the appropriate documentation of indications and follow up for prescribed medications. All medications prescribed on discharge were collated using the World Health Organization Anatomical, Therapeutic and Chemical (ATC) classification.ResultsIn total, 219 admissions were analysed. There were 204 out of 219 (93.1%) discharge summaries that had an accurate medication list. Of 219 (74%) patients, 163 had at least one change to their medications during admission. Of 163 discharge summaries, 82 (50%) contained information regarding their indication and outpatient management. The most commonly prescribed classes along with the rates of indication and follow up documentation were anti‐infectives (62%), gastrointestinal (51%), cardiovascular (50%) and central nervous system (44%).ConclusionAlthough there were fewer documentation errors in discharge summaries than previously described in the literature, concerns regarding the documentation of medication indication and follow up remain.
Together towards Lifein the Context of Liquid Modernity
Authors: Ross Kenneth R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAmong the “changed landscapes” identified by the new World Council of Churches mission affirmationTogether towards Lifeis the rapidly advancing secularization evident in the Western world. Growing numbers of people live for goals that are entirely immanent, with apparently no transcendent reference to their lives at all. This presents a new missionary frontier forChristian faith, asLesslieNewbigin prophetically suggested in the 1980s. Since then, the frontier has strengthened, as disillusionment withChristianity has grown and modernity has taken an ever more liquid form. It has also widened as globalization has taken the free market and its values to almost every part of the world.Together towards Lifeposes this question: How can we proclaimGod's love and justice to a generation living in an individualized, secularized and materialized world? It answers this question first by taking a pneumatological approach to understanding mission and thus talking the language of people immersed in the culture of “liquid modernity” who struggle to connect with heavily institutional religion but yearn for a viable spirituality. It goes on to stress the transformative character of mission, particularly in regard to economic justice and ecological responsibility. It takes a radical direction with its emphasis on the marginalized as agents of mission and the communal nature ofChristian witness. In a context of plurality, it fosters an open and adventurous approach, making the “other” a partner in, not an “object” of, mission. At the same time, it calls for bold proclamation of the good news ofChrist to meet the personal existential crisis that is a common feature of the late modern world. In these ways,Together towards Lifestrikes notes that resonate in the context of liquid modernity while also making a call to conversion and transformation. It offers, in short, “challenging relevance.”
Evangelism in “Christian” Societies
Authors: Koukoura Dimitra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe globalization of the economy and the unthinkable development of mass media and transportation and communication have transformed the oldest Christian societies of the northern hemisphere and especially of Europe into multicultural societies.Re‐evangelization is the answer to the question of what must be done. Faith originates from hearing; the missionary preaching that is directed toward the people who are ignorant of the world‐saving work of Christ needs to be articulated, keeping in mind the scheme of communication and the special significance of the following factors: transmitter, receiver, topic, message, channel and code. The gospel is addressed to all ages. Youth and intellectuals exhibit more difficulties in acceptance, which calls for the adoption of a special code of communication. Of the utmost necessity is the flame of the transmitter. Electronic channels of communication offer unthinkable possibilities for the transmission of the message of the gospel to innumerable receivers by the use of a variety of codes.
Toward a Eucharistic Missiology
Authors: George Kondothra M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Orthodox churches were drawn into contemporary missiological discussions primarily through the modern ecumenical movement. Since there are fundamental differences of approach between the East and the West on this matter, particularly because the Western concept and method of mission is perceived to be still carrying, rather imperceptibly, the old imperial‐colonial baggage, the Orthodox are always ill at ease in these discussions dominated by the Western Protestant churches. The Orthodox theologians have, however, made huge efforts within the framework of the World Council of Churches to enunciate their vision of the missionary nature of the church from patristic and liturgical perspectives.This article pleads for a shifting of paradigm from an anthropocentric and possessive mode of mission to non‐possessive hospitality, eucharistic (thanksgiving) intercessory care for creation, and self‐giving inner pilgrimage to the source of light that enlightens all. Mission as gift and not simply as task would be essential for the shaping of a new human civilization. What is needed is a change of human civilizational paradigm and not simply some aspects of the conventional Christian mission models. In Asia, we had the Buddhist mission before Christ and the East Syrian Christian mission in the first millennium, which gave us some alternate models of doing peaceful and non‐acquisitive mission.
Perioperative Mortality and Long‐Term Survival in 80 Dogs and 32 Cats Undergoing Excision of Thymic Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Garneau Mark S. , Price Lori Lyn , Withrow Stephen J. , Boston Sarah E. , Ewing Patty J. , McClaran Janet Kovak , Liptak Julius M. , Berg John 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo examine perioperative mortality, long‐term survival, causes of death, and prognostic factors for dogs and cats undergoing surgical excision of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs).Study DesignMulti‐institutional case series.AnimalsEighty dogs and 32 cats.MethodsFollow‐up information was obtained for dogs and cats that underwent surgical excision of a TET between 2001 and 2012.ResultsPerioperative mortality was 20% in dogs and 22% in cats. No independent risk factors for perioperative mortality were identified. The estimated median survival time for all dogs was 1.69 years (95% CI 0.56–4.32) and the 1‐ and 4‐year survival rates were 55% (95% CI 44–67) and 44% (95% CI 32–56). The estimated median survival time for all cats was 3.71 years (95% CI 0.56‐unestimatable) and the 1‐ and 4‐year survival rates were 70% (95% CI 53–87) and 47% (95% CI 0–100). Of animals that survived to discharge, 42% of dogs and 20% of cats eventually died of TET‐related causes. The presence of paraneoplastic syndromes (hazard ratio [HR] 5.78, 95% CI 1.64–20.45,P = .007) or incomplete histologic margins (HR 6.09, 95% CI 1.50–24.72,P = .01) were independently associated with decreased survival in dogs. No significant predictors of survival were identified in cats. Conclusions regarding the effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy could not be made.ConclusionsWhile there is substantial risk of perioperative death in dogs and cats undergoing surgery for TETs, many animals that survive to discharge have prolonged survival. Survival is significantly decreased in dogs with paraneoplastic syndromes or incomplete histologic margins.
An overview of animal science research 1945–2011 through science mapping analysis
Authors: Rodriguez‐Ledesma A. , Cobo M.J. , Lopez‐Pujalte C. , Herrera‐Viedma E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe conceptual structure of the field of Animal Science (AS) research is examined by means of a longitudinal science mapping analysis. The whole of the AS research field is analysed, revealing its conceptual evolution. To this end, an automatic approach to detecting and visualizing hidden themes or topics and their evolution across a consecutive span of years was applied to AS publications of the JCR category ‘Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science’ during the period 1945–2011. This automatic approach was based on a coword analysis and combines performance analysis and science mapping. To observe the conceptual evolution of AS, six consecutive periods were defined: 1945–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–1999, 2000–2005 and 2006–2011. Research in AS was identified as having focused on ten main thematic areas: ANIMAL‐FEEDING, SMALL‐RUMINANTS, ANIMAL‐REPRODUCTION, DAIRY‐PRODUCTION, MEAT‐QUALITY, SWINE‐PRODUCTION, GENETICS‐AND‐ANIMAL‐BREEDING, POULTRY, ANIMAL‐WELFARE and GROWTH‐FACTORS‐AND‐FATTY‐ACIDS. The results show how genomic studies gain in weight and integrate with other thematic areas. The whole of AS research has become oriented towards an overall framework in which animal welfare, sustainable management and human health play a major role. All this would affect the future structure and management of livestock farming.