bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial community in persistent apical periodontitis: a 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis
Authors: Zakaria M. N. , Takeshita T. , Shibata Y. , Maeda H. , Wada N. , Akamine A. , Yamashita Y. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo characterize the microbial composition of persistent periapical lesions of root filled teeth using a molecular genetics approach.MethodologyApical lesion samples were collected from 12 patients (23–80 years old) who visited the Kyushu University Hospital for apicectomy with persistent periapical lesions associated with root filled teeth. DNA was directly extracted from each sample and the microbial composition was comprehensively analysed using clone library analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans and specific fimA genotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis with specific primers.ResultsBacteria were detected in all samples, and the dominant findings were P. gingivalis (19.9%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (11.2%) and Propionibacterium acnes (9%). Bacterial diversity was greater in symptomatic lesions than in asymptomatic ones. In addition, the following bacteria or bacterial combinations were characteristic to symptomatic lesions: Prevotella spp., Treponema spp., Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT‐113, Olsenella uli, Slackia exigua, Selemonas infelix, P. gingivalis with type IV fimA, and a combination of P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcaceae sp. HOT‐113 and predominance of Streptococcus spp. On the other hand, neither Enterococcus faecalis nor C. albicans were detected in any of the samples.ConclusionWhilst a diverse bacterial species were observed in the persistent apical lesions, some characteristic patterns of bacterial community were found in the symptomatic lesions. The diverse variation of community indicates that bacterial combinations as a community may cause persistent inflammation in periapical tissues rather than specific bacterial species.
Apical extrusion of debris from root canals using reciprocating files associated with two irrigation systems
Authors: Xavier F. , Nevares G. , Romeiro M. K. , Gonçalves K. , Gominho L. , Albuquerque D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo compare apical extrusion of debris in canals prepared with two reciprocating file systems and two different irrigation systems.MethodologyForty single straight root canals in human mandibular pre‐molars were prepared using Reciproc R40 (REC) and WaveOne Large (WO) instruments. Before preparation, the dimensions of a size 40 instrument from each system were measured under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 80X. The teeth were randomly divided into four different groups of 10: REC and VPro EndoSafe (REC/VPro); WO/VPro; REC and conventional irrigation (REC/CI); and WO/CI Eppendorf tubes containing a single tooth were weighed on an analytical balance to the nearest 0.1 mg before instrumentation. Irrigation was performed with a total volume of 8 mL of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. After instrumentation, the teeth were removed from the Eppendorf tube and incubated at 37 °C for 15 days to evaporate the liquid. The tubes were weighed again, and the difference between the initial and final debris weights was calculated and statistically evaluated using analysis of variance (two‐way anova) with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsNo significant difference was observed between the VPro and CI irrigation systems (P > 0.05). Apical extrusion of debris was confirmed in all samples, and extrusion was greater in the REC groups than in the WO groups (P < 0.05). The WO file had a 20% smaller diameter at the tip (D0) than the measurement provided by the manufacturer.ConclusionsAll systems were associated with apical extrusion of debris. The WO system was associated with less extrusion than the REC system. The amount of extruded debris was independent of the irrigation system used and was related to the instrumentation technique. Morphological analysis of instruments using SEM revealed no correlation between the diameter provided by the manufacturer and the measured diameter for the WO Large file.
‘Screw‐in’ tendency of rotary nickel–titanium files due to design geometry
Authors: Ha J. H. , Cheung G. S. P. , Versluis A. , Lee C. J. , Kwak S. W. , Kim H. C. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of several standard geometric characteristics of rotary instruments on the ‘screw‐in’ forces and stresses generated on root dentine using 3D finite element analysis (FEA).MethodologyFour cross‐sectional designs (triangular, slender‐rectangular, rectangular and square) were evaluated. The area of the triangular cross‐section and of the slender‐rectangular model were the same. Another rectangular model had the same centre‐core diameter as the triangular one. Each design was twisted into a file model with 5, 10 or 15 threads over its 16‐mm‐long working section. Three curved root canals were simulated as rigid surface models: θ = 15 degrees/R = 36 mm radius; θ = 30/R = 18; and θ = 45/R = 12. A commercial FEA package was used to simulate the file rotating in the canal to determine the ‘screw‐in’ force and reaction torque on the instrument.ResultsInstruments of a square cross‐section had the highest ‘screw‐in’ force and reaction torsional stresses followed by the rectangle, the triangle design and the slender‐rectangle design, respectively. The file with closer pitch generated lower stresses, compared with that with longer pitch. The greater the root canal curvature, the higher the ‘screw‐in’ force and reaction torque generated.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the ‘screw‐in’ tendency depends on both the instrument geometry and canal curvature. Clinicians should be aware that certain instrument designs are prone to develop high ‘screw‐in’ forces, requiring the operator to maintain control of the handpiece or to use a brushing action to prevent instruments being pulled into the canal.
Green spirit: consumer empathies for green apparel
Authors: Cowan Kirsten , Kinley Tammy 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe fashion industry has not fully addressed the movement towards sustainability head‐on. The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing environmentally friendly apparel purchase intentions using the theory of planned behaviour as a guide. In this case, environmental knowledge, environmental concern and attitudes towards environmentally friendly apparel purchase behaviour make up the attitude component. In addition to social pressure, we suggest environmental guilt also makes up the dimension of normative influence. Furthermore, the study extends the theory of planned behaviour's idea of perceived behavioural control beyond previous behaviour and convenience, also taking into account willingness to pay. Data were collected from 220 American adults via an online consumer panel. The results show that individual environmental attitudes, environmental concern and knowledge, social pressure to behave in an environmentally friendly manner, environmental guilt, perceived environmental impact, past environmentally friendly apparel purchases, accessibility and cost of environmentally friendly apparel all impact purchase intentions. Furthermore, previous purchases, attitudes towards purchasing environmentally friendly apparel and social pressure are the strongest indicators of future environmentally friendly purchase behaviour. Managerial implications are discussed.
Hospital nurses' individual priorities, internal psychological states and work motivation
Authors: Toode K. , Routasalo P. , Helminen M. , Suominen T. 
Published: August 2014

AimThis study looks to describe the relationships between hospital nurses' individual priorities, internal psychological states and their work motivation.BackgroundConnections between hospital nurses' work‐related needs, values and work motivation are essential for providing safe and high quality health care. However, there is insufficient empirical knowledge concerning these connections for the practice development.MethodsA cross‐sectional empirical research study was undertaken. A total of 201 registered nurses from all types of Estonian hospitals filled out an electronic self‐reported questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman's correlation were used for data analysis.ResultsIn individual priorities, higher order needs strength were negatively correlated with age and duration of service. Regarding nurses' internal psychological states, central hospital nurses had less sense of meaningfulness of work. Nurses' individual priorities (i.e. their higher order needs strength and shared values with the organization) correlated with their work motivation. Their internal psychological states (i.e. their experienced meaningfulness of work, experienced responsibility for work outcomes and their knowledge of results) correlated with intrinsic work motivation.DiscussionNurses who prioritize their higher order needs are more motivated to work. The more their own values are compatible with those of the organization, the more intrinsically motivated they are likely to be.ConclusionNurses' individual achievements, autonomy and training are key factors which influence their motivation to work.LimitationsThe small sample size and low response rate of the study limit the direct transferability of the findings to the wider nurse population, so further research is needed.Implications for Nursing and Health PolicyThis study highlights the need and importance to support nurses' professional development and self‐determination, in order to develop and retain motivated nurses. It also indicates a need to value both nurses and nursing in healthcare policy and management.
A promoter mutation in the haemagglutinin segment of influenza A virus generates an effective candidate live attenuated vaccine
Authors: Harvey Ruth , Johnson Rachel E. , MacLellan‐Gibson Kirsty , Robertson James S. , Engelhardt Othmar G. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAnnual seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines need to be produced in a very tight time frame. Haemagglutinin (HA) is the major immunogenic component of influenza vaccines, and there is a lot of interest in improving candidate vaccine viruses.ObjectivesIt has been shown elsewhere that mutations introduced in the non‐coding region of influenza genome segments can upregulate protein expression. Our objective was to assess a virus based on the laboratory strain A/PR/8/34 (PR8) containing a modified 3′ non‐coding region of RNA segment 4 (haemagglutinin).MethodsNIBRG‐93 was generated using reverse genetics. HA protein expression and growth properties were assessed. The virus phenotype suggested that it could be a candidate for use as a live attenuated vaccine, so in vivo studies were performed to assess its suitability.ResultsNIBRG‐93 virus has enhanced haemagglutinin production and is significantly attenuated. Electron microscopy (EM) shows that the modified virus produces a large proportion of ‘virus‐like particles’ that consist of budded cell membrane covered in HA but lacking M1 protein. The virus was shown to be attenuated in mice and offered complete protection against lethal challenge.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that NIBRG‐93 is an effective live attenuated vaccine virus protecting mice against lethal challenge and reducing virus shedding.
Novel Approach to Temporal Lobectomy for Removal of a Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog
Authors: Shihab Nadia , Summers Brian A. , Benigni Livia , McEvoy Andrew W. , Volk Holger A. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo report temporal lobe surgery for a cavernous hemangioma in a dog and outcome.Study designClinical report.AnimalsDog (n = 1).MethodsMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging was used to identify a temporal lobe mass in 9‐year‐old, male neutered Labrador Retriever that had a 12 hour history of seizures. An approach to the temporal lobe allowed preservation of the zygomatic arch and mass removal.ResultsThe mass was confirmed as a cavernous hemangioma on histopathology. Repeat MR imaging at 13 months showed no recurrence of gross structural disease; however, the dog's anti‐epileptic medication was administered for adequate seizure control.ConclusionTemporal lobe surgery can be performed in the dog's for the management of temporal lobe mass lesions.
Incisional Colopexy for Treatment of Chronic, Recurrent Colocloacal Prolapse in a Sulphur‐Crested Cockatoo (Cacatua galerita)
Authors: van Zeeland Yvonne R. A. , Schoemaker Nico J. , van Sluijs Freek J. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo report a surgical technique for treatment of chronic, recurrent cloacal prolapse in a sulphur‐crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita).Study DesignClinical reportAnimalsSulphur‐crested cockatoo (n = 1)MethodsThe bird was admitted with a 2‐year history of periodic lethargy, decreased appetite, dyschezia, tenesmus, and colocloacal prolapse. An incisional colopexy was performed under general anesthesia to permanently reduce the colocloacal prolapse. To gain access to the coelomic cavity, a ventral U‐shaped incision was made, after which the colon and cloaca were restored in their normal anatomic position. Subsequently, the distal colon was sutured to the left abdominal wall.ResultsColocloacal prolapse was successfully reduced. One month later, cloacoplasty was performed to reduce cloacal width. Long‐term follow‐up, including a barium contrast study, revealed normal function and an intact colopexy, without recurrence of the prolapse.ConclusionsIncisional colopexy is feasible despite a bird's relative small body size.
Clinical Use of Computed Tomography and Surface Markers to Assist Internal Fixation Within the Equine Hoof
Authors: Gasiorowski Janik C. , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo describe clinical use of computed tomography (CT) and hoof surface markers to facilitate internal fixation within the confines of the hoof wall.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 16) that had CT‐guided internal fixation of the distal phalanx (DP) or distal sesamoid bone (DSB).MethodsDrill bit entry point and direction were planned from CT image series performed on hooves with grids of barium paste dots at proposed entry and projected exit sites. Post‐implantation CT images were obtained to check screw position and length as well as fracture reduction. Imaging, reduction, and surgical and general anesthesia times were evaluated. Outcome was recorded.ResultsScrew position and length were considered near optimal in all horses, with no consequential malposition of bits or screws. Fracture reduction was evident in all cases. Preoperative planning times (at least 2 CT image acquisitions and grid creation) ranged from 10 to 20 minutes. Surgery time ranged from 45 to 90 minutes (mean, 61 minutes) and general anesthesia time ranged from 115 to 220 minutes (mean, 171 minutes).ConclusionsThe combination of CT and surface marker grids allowed accurate positioning of screws in clinical DP and DSB fractures. The technique was simple and rapid. An aiming device is useful for the technique.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Outcomes After Arthroscopic Treatment of Young Large Breed Dogs With Medial Compartment Disease of the Elbow
Authors: Barthélémy Nicolas P. , Griffon Dominique J. , Ragetly Guillaume R. , Carrera Ines , Schaeffer David J. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo report short‐ and long‐term outcomes after arthroscopic treatment in young large breed dogs affected by medial coronoid process disease (MCPD) and identify variables affecting outcome.Study DesignProspective observational case series.AnimalsLarge breed dogs <3 years old (n = 15; 23 elbows).MethodsMCPD was confirmed by radiography, computed tomography, and arthroscopy. Dogs were treated by arthroscopy. Variables recorded at time of treatment included radioulnar incongruity (RUI) and degree of cartilage erosion. Variables recorded before, 6 weeks, and ≥23 months after surgery included radiographic score for osteoarthritis, trochlear notch sclerosis, muscle circumference, range of motion (ROM), and the load distribution of vertical ground reaction forces between thoracic and pelvic limbs.ResultsA greater load distribution to the pelvic limbs was identified preoperatively in dogs with RUI than in dogs with congruent elbows. Load distribution was not significantly improved at 6 weeks compared with preoperatively. Muscle circumference and vertical impulse distributions were improved at long‐term evaluation despite an increased osteoarthritis score. This improvement was more obvious in dogs with RUI or a high degree of cartilage erosion at initial presentation.ConclusionSome evidence of improvement in long‐term function was found in dogs with MCPD after arthroscopic treatment. RUI and cartilage erosion at the time of diagnosis were associated with more lameness preoperatively but did not affect the final gait assessment or osteoarthritis score in this small cohort.
End‐to‐Side Versus Side‐to‐Side Jejunocecostomy in Horses: A Retrospective Analysis of 150 Cases
Authors: Brown Jennifer A. , Holcombe Susan J. , Southwood Louise L. , Byron Christopher R. , Embertson Rolf M. , Hauptmann Joe G. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesTo determine factors associated with postoperative reflux, postoperative colic, repeat celiotomy, and survival in horses after end‐to‐side (E2S) or side‐to‐side (S2S) jejunocecostomy.Study DesignRetrospective, multicenter study.Sample PopulationHorses (n = 150).MethodsAdmissions, intra‐ and postoperative data were collected from medical records of horses that had E2S or S2S jejunocecostomy. Descriptive statistics were calculated and data were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric tests, linear and multivariate logistic regression with significance set at P < .05. Kaplan–Meier estimate of the survival function was performed.ResultsOne hundred fifty horses (S2S = 90, E2S = 60) were included. S2S procedures were performed using staples (n = 57) or hand‐sewn (33). Method of anastomosis was not significantly associated with development of postoperative reflux or colic, repeat celiotomy, whether the horse was alive at hospital discharge or 12 months after discharge. The number of years that the principal surgeon was boarded by the American College of Veterinary Surgeons significantly affected whether the horse was discharged from the hospital alive (P = .003). Age (P = .006) was significantly associated with 12‐month survival. Increased age (P = .013) and administration of prokinetic medication (P = .0006) were significantly associated with development of postoperative reflux. Sixty‐eight (76%) horses with S2S and 52 (87%) horses with E2S were discharged alive.ConclusionAge, patient related variables, and surgeon experience may influence morbidity and mortality more than method of jejunocecostomy.
The effects of a course of intranasal oxytocin on social behaviors in youth diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Guastella Adam J. , Gray Kylie M. , Rinehart Nicole J. , Alvares Gail A. , Tonge Bruce J. , Hickie Ian B. , Keating Caroline M. , Cacciotti‐Saija Cristina , Einfeld Stewart L. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThere is increasing interest in oxytocin as a therapeutic to treat social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a course of oxytocin nasal spray to improve social behavior in youth with ASD.MethodsIn a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial across two Australian university sites between February 2009 and January 2012, 50 male participants aged between 12 and 18 years, with Autistic or Asperger's Disorder, were randomized to receive either oxytocin (n = 26) or placebo (n = 24) nasal sprays (either 18 or 24 International Units), administered twice‐daily for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed at baseline, after 4‐ and 8‐weeks of treatment, and at 3‐month follow‐up. Primary outcomes were change in total scores on the caregiver‐completed Social Responsiveness Scale and clinician‐ratings on the Clinical Global Impressions‐Improvement scale. Secondary assessments included caregiver reports of repetitive and other developmental behaviors and social cognition. Clinical trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry www.anzctr.org.au ACTRN12609000513213.ResultsParticipants who received oxytocin showed no benefit following treatment on primary or secondary outcomes. However, caregivers who believed their children received oxytocin reported greater improvements compared to caregivers who believed their child received placebo. Nasal sprays were well tolerated and there was no evidence of increased side effects resulting from oxytocin administration.ConclusionsThis is the first evaluation of the efficacy for a course of oxytocin treatment for youth with ASD. Although results did not suggest clinical efficacy, further research is needed to explore alternative delivery methods, earlier age of intervention, and the influence of caregiver expectation on treatment response.
ANGPTL2 promotes tumor metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gao Lin , Ge Chao , Fang Tao , Zhao Fangyu , Chen Taoyang , Yao Ming , Li Jinjun , Li Hong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimAngiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) plays various roles in metabolism, vascular biology, inflammation, and tumor metastasis, but little is known about its function in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. This study aimed to further explore the function of ANGPTL2 on migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, transwell migration, and invasion assays were performed to clarify the function of ANGPTL2 in the regulation of cell migration and invasion in human HCC.ResultsIn HCC patients, ANGPTL2 expression was higher in HCC tissues compared with matched noncancerous liver tissues. And the ANGPTL2 levels of HCC tissues positively correlated with intrahepatic metastasis in HCC patients. Overexpression of ANGPTL2 significantly increased migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, and promoted intrahepatic and distal pulmonary metastasis in vivo, while knockdown of endogenous ANGPTL2 resulted in a reduced migration and invasion in vitro. Colony formation assay and 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed ANGPTL2 did not affect cell proliferation in vitro, whereas overexpression of ANGPTL2 promoted tumor formation in xenograft animal model.ConclusionsOur findings show that ANGPTL2 drives human HCC metastasis and provides a potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.