bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurodevelopmental alcohol exposure elicits long-term changes to gene expression that alter distinct molecular pathways dependent on timing of exposure
Authors: Kleiber Morgan L , Mantha Katarzyna , Stringer Randa L , Singh Shiva M 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundMaternal alcohol consumption is known to adversely affect fetal neurodevelopment. While it is known that alcohol dose and timing play a role in the cognitive and behavioral changes associated with prenatal alcohol exposure, it is unclear what developmental processes are disrupted that may lead to these phenotypes.MethodsMice (n=6 per treatment per developmental time) were exposed to two acute doses of alcohol (5 g/kg) at neurodevelopmental times representing the human first, second, or third trimester equivalent. Mice were reared to adulthood and changes to their adult brain transcriptome were assessed using expression arrays. These were then categorized based on Gene Ontology annotations, canonical pathway associations, and relationships to interacting molecules.ResultsThe results suggest that ethanol disrupts biological processes that are actively occurring at the time of exposure. These include cell proliferation during trimester one, cell migration and differentiation during trimester two, and cellular communication and neurotransmission during trimester three. Further, although ethanol altered a distinct set of genes depending on developmental timing, many of these show interrelatedness and can be associated with one another via ‘hub’ molecules and pathways such as those related tohuntingtinandbrain-derived neurotrophic factor.ConclusionsThese changes to brain gene expression represent a ‘molecular footprint’ of neurodevelopmental alcohol exposure that is long-lasting and correlates with active processes disrupted at the time of exposure. This study provides further support that there is no neurodevelopmental time when alcohol cannot adversely affect the developing brain.
Segregation mechanisms of tissue cells: from experimental data to models
Authors: Méhes Előd , Vicsek Tamás 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Considerable advance has been made in recent years in the research field of pattern formation by segregation of tissue cells. Research has become more quantitative partly due to more in-depth analysis of experimental data and the emergence modeling approaches. In this review we present experimental observations, including some of our new results, on various aspects of two and three dimensional segregation events and then summarize the computational modeling approaches.
Flow-dependent porosity and other biomechanical properties of mysticete baleen
Authors: Werth Alexander J. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARY
Despite its vital function in a highly dynamic environment, baleen is typically assumed to be a static material. Its biomechanical and material properties have not previously been explored. Thus I tested sections of baleen from bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, and humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, alone or in groups representing miniature ‘racks’, in a flow tank through which water and buoyant particles circulated with variable flow velocity. Kinematic sequences were recorded through an endoscopic camera or viewing window. One set of experiments investigated particle capture; another series analyzed biomechanical behavior, including fringe spacing, movement and interaction. Baleen fringe porosity directly correlates, in a mostly linear fashion, with velocity of incident water flow. However, undulation and interaction of fringes (especially of bowheads) at higher flow velocities can decrease porosity. Fringe porosity depends on distance from the baleen plate. Porosity also varies, with fringe length, by position along the length of an individual plate. Plate orientation, which varied from 0 to 90 deg relative to water flow, is crucial in fringe spacing and particle capture. At all flow velocities, porosity is lowest with plates aligned parallel to water flow. Turbulence introduced when plates rotate perpendicular to flow (as in cross-flow filtration) increases fringe interaction, so that particles more easily strike fringes yet more readily dislodge. Baleen of bowhead whales, which feed by continuous ram filtration, differs biomechanically from that of humpbacks, which use intermittent lunge filtration. The longer, finer fringes of bowhead baleen readily form a mesh-like mat, especially at higher flow velocities, to trap tiny particles.
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Walsh Kelly A , Lewis Daniel A , Clifford Timothy M , Hundley Jonathan C , Gokun Yevgeniya , Angulo Paul , Davis George A 
Published: March 2013

BACKGROUND Pharmacologic prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) presents a unique challenge because of coagulopathies associated with the disease. When evaluating whether these patients require VTE prophylaxis upon hospitalization, it would be advantageous if risk factors for the development of VTE in this population were known. OBJECTIVE To evaluate risk factors associated with the development of VTE in patients with CLD. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Patients admitted to the University of Kentucky Chandler Hospital from October 2006 to July 2010 with a diagnosis of CLD and VTE were matched in a 1:3 fashion with CLD patients without VTE. The primary objective was to determine whether there were significant differences in laboratory values between the 2 groups. RESULTS During this time, 27 patients with CLD (1.0%) were diagnosed with VTE. These patients had significantly lower median aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (47 vs 70 U/L, p = 0.04), alanine transaminase (ALT) (24.5 vs 36 U/L, p = 0.02), albumin (2.1 vs 2.4 g/dL, p = 0.02) and hematocrit (Hct) (28.3% vs 32%, p = 0.03) values compared to the control patients. Patients with albumin lower than 1.9 g/dL had a 5.1 times greater risk of VTE compared to patients with albumin of 2.8 g/dL and higher (OR 5.14, 95% CI 1.05–25.2). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CLD who developed VTE had significantly lower AST, ALT, albumin, and Hct compared to those of control patients. Studies are necessary to further examine the significance of this finding.
Intermittent Nondaily Dosing Strategies in Patients with Previous Statin-Induced Myopathy
Authors: Keating Alyssa J , Campbell Kristen Bova , Guyton John R 
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE To review the safety and efficacy of alternative intermittent statin dosing regimens in patients with previous intolerance due to myopathy. DATA SOURCES Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1946 -December 2012) and EMBASE (1966-December 2012) using relevant MeSH and Emtree search terms, including statins, HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors, simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, myopathy, and myalgias. Web of Science (1955-December 2012) and the aforementioned databases were additionally searched using combinations of the following text words: statin intolerance, alternate dosing, nondaily dosing, weekly dosing, statin-induced myopathy, and intermittent statin dosing. References of identified articles were reviewed for additional citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All identified English-language peer-reviewed publications were evaluated. Articles (excluding meeting abstracts) specifically addressing nondaily statin use in patients with previous statin-induced myopathy were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS Although statins have achieved significant reductions in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, as many as 10% of patients prescribed these therapies experience myopathies. Intermittent statin regimens ranging from every-other-day to once- weekly dosing have emerged in an attempt to maintain efficacy while moderating the incidence of adverse effects. The results reported in 10 publications investigating varying regimens with atorvastatin and/or rosuvastatin revealed that at least 70% of patients were able to tolerate an intermittent dosing strategy without a recurrence of previous treatment-limiting adverse effects. Although the degree of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol–lowering varied appreciably among studies (12–38%), the addition of a nondaily statin regimen facilitated attainment of National Cholesterol Education Program goals for some. CONCLUSIONS Although areas of uncertainty remain, intermittent dosing (particularly with rosuvastatin and atorvastatin) in previously intolerant patients is a useful strategy to capitalize on the benefits of this therapy. Larger scale randomized trials are necessary to more clearly define the role of this strategy and the optimal choice of regimen.
Thermoelectric Measurements of Ni Nanojunctions
Authors: Lee See Kei , Yamada Ryo , Tada Hirokazu 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated the thermoelectric voltage (TEV) of atomic contacts of nickel (Ni) by using a scanning tunneling microscope. The TEV of nanoscale junctions show fluctuation in stepwise manner. Histogram analysis of TEV observed in the Ni point contact with the conductance of 1.2 G0 (G0 = 2e2/h is the quantum of charge conductance) revealed multiple voltage peaks at larger and smaller values observed at conductance of 2.5 G0, which showed a single sharp voltage peak. Fluctuation observed in our results suggest that there is transition of the transport channel distribution caused by the thermal motion of Ni atoms.
The LLC Controversy: Classifying LLC Members as Limited Partners under Proposed Treas. Reg. §1.1402(a)-2
Authors: Nash Claire Y. , Parker James O. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
The LLC entity form continues to be popular, and LLCs continue to seek definitive guidance regarding the classification of LLC members for purposes of Internal Revenue Code (IRC) §1402. Although a series of recent judicial decisions and Proposed Treas. Reg. §1.469-5(e), issued in November 2011, address when an individual will be treated as a limited partner for purposes of IRC §469, they exacerbate the uncertainty surrounding how LLC members should be classified for other purposes of the Internal Revenue Code. They do not address how LLC members should be classified for purposes of IRC §1402, or whether deference should be afforded Proposed Treas. Reg. §1.1402(a)-2. Through an analysis of the relevant statutes and related regulations, recent judicial decisions, and other recent developments, we show that Proposed Treas. Reg. §1.1402(a)-2 provides limited authority to support classifying LLC members as limited partners.
Permutations preserving sums of rearranged real series
Authors: Wituła Roman 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to discuss one of the most interesting and unsolved problems of the real series theory: rearrangements that preserve sums of series. Certain hypothesis about combinatorial description of the corresponding permutations is presented and basic algebraic properties of the family $\mathfrak{S}_0 $, introduced by it, are investigated.
Fractional order modelling of zero length column desorption response for adsorbents with variable particle sizes
Authors: Machado J. , Zaman Sharif , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis manuscript analyses the data generated by a Zero Length Column (ZLC) diffusion experimental set-up, for 1,3 Di-isopropyl benzene in a 100% alumina matrix with variable particle size. The time evolution of the phenomena resembles those of fractional order systems, namely those with a fast initial transient followed by long and slow tails. The experimental measurements are best fitted with the Harris model revealing a power law behavior.
Water content estimates of a first-year sea-ice pressure ridge keel from surface-nuclear magnetic resonance tomography
Authors: Nuber André , Rabenstein Lasse , Lehmann-Horn Jochen A. , Hertrich Marian , Hendricks Stefan , Mahoney Andy , Eicken Hajo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe porosity of a sea-ice pressure ridge keel is an important but poorly known variable, relevant for determining the mass budget and evolution of the Arctic sea-ice cover. Determination of keel porosity from drillholes is time-intensive and only yields limited information because of their limited lateral extent. Since the porosity within a keel equals its liquid water content, surface-nuclear magnetic resonance (surface-NMR) methods can be used to estimate porosity within such features. Surface-NMR tomography measurements were made in April 2011 using seven surface coil positions across a first-year pressure ridge on landfast sea ice near Barrow, Alaska, USA. The inversion results indicate water contents of 30 ± 7% and 40 ±10% in the ridge’s shallow and deep parts, respectively. These values are much higher than those obtained from drillholes, which are ∼10% and ∼27%, respectively. In contrast to drilling, surface-NMR tomography yields average porosity values for the entire subsurface volume. However, the inversion process is sensitive to the electrical conductivity distribution; uncertain conductivity estimates limit the reliability of the inverted water contents. Nevertheless, the results suggest that ridge porosities obtained from invasive measurements such as drilling may lead to substantially overestimated sea-ice volume.
An ultra-wideband, microwave radar for measuring snow thickness on sea ice and mapping near-surface internal layers in polar firn
Authors: Panzer Ben , Gomez-Garcia Daniel , Leuschen Carl , Paden John , Rodriguez-Morales Fernando , Patel Aqsa , Markus Thorsten , Holt Benjamin , Gogineni Prasad 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSea ice is generally covered with snow, which can vary in thickness from a few centimeters to >1 m. Snow cover acts as a thermal insulator modulating the heat exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, and it impacts sea-ice growth rates and overall thickness, a key indicator of climate change in polar regions. Snow depth is required to estimate sea-ice thickness using freeboard measurements made with satellite altimeters. The snow cover also acts as a mechanical load that depresses ice freeboard (snow and ice above sea level). Freeboard depression can result in flooding of the snow/ice interface and the formation of a thick slush layer, particularly in the Antarctic sea-ice cover. The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) has developed an ultra-wideband, microwave radar capable of operation on long-endurance aircraft to characterize the thickness of snow over sea ice. The low-power, 100 mW signal is swept from 2 to 8 GHz allowing the air/snow and snow/ ice interfaces to be mapped with 5 cm range resolution in snow; this is an improvement over the original system that worked from 2 to 6.5 GHz. From 2009 to 2012, CReSIS successfully operated the radar on the NASA P-3B and DC-8 aircraft to collect data on snow-covered sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic for NASA Operation IceBridge. The radar was found capable of snow depth retrievals ranging from 10 cm to >1 m. We also demonstrated that this radar can be used to map near-surface internal layers in polar firn with fine range resolution. Here we describe the instrument design, characteristics and performance of the radar.
Knowledge and Practices of Wound Care Among Animal Bite Cases Attended at Institute of Public Health
Authors: Ara Rowshan , Uddin Md Nasir , Wahab Md Abdul , Ferdousi Shahneela , Khondker Lubna , Khan Md Shirajul Islam 
Published: March 2013

Animal bite is common in Bangladesh. A cross sectional type of descriptive study was carried out at the Institute of Public Health (IPH), Dhaka to find out the knowledge and practices related to wound care among animal bite cases during the month of February, 1998. A total of 200 patients were interviewed, 55% of them came from urban area. Maximum (65.5%) patients were teenagers and adult (above 13 yrs.) with mean age 22.15 yrs. Male and female ratio was 80.5:19.5. Majority of cases were poor (76.5%) and only 12% attained educational level of SSC pass or above. In 92.5% cases dog was the biting animal, 60% of which were stray. Only 91(45.5%) patients took immediate measures for wound care. Of them only 11 patients knew and washed the wound by soap and water and 3 patients did it after getting advice from physicians. 134 (67%) patients consulted with physicians one hour to several days after, whereas 33% within one hour. Among the attending physicians 31.5% were MBBS doctors but 57.5% were Kabiraz, Fakir, Moullana and others. In 50 present animal bite cases, Fold remedies or herbal medicine were advised in comparison to 42% for vaccination. But only 3 (1.5%) patients got the message of wound care by washing with soap and water. Emphasis on planning on educational programme on "What people should do after an animal bite" has been recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/medtoday.v24i1.14111 Medicine TODAY Vol.24(1) 2012 pp.27-30
Existence of Taut Foliations on Seifert Fibered Homology 3-spheres
Authors: Shanti Caillat-Gibert  , Matignon Daniel 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper concerns the problem of existence of taut foliations among 3-manifolds. From the work of David Gabai we know that a closed 3-manifold with non-trivial second homology group admits a taut foliation. The essential part of this paper focuses on Seifert fibered homology 3-spheres. The result is quite different if they are integral or rational but non-integral homology 3-spheres. Concerning integral homology 3-spheres, we can see that all but the 3-sphere and the Poincaré 3-sphere admit a taut foliation. Concerning non-integral homology 3-spheres, we prove there are infinitely many that admit a taut foliation, and infinitely many without a taut foliation. Moreover, we show that the geometries do not determine the existence of taut foliations on non-integral Seifert fibered homology 3-spheres.
Antioxidant and antiproteinase effects of buckwheat hull extracts
Authors: Danihelová Martina , Šturdí­k Ernest 
Published: March 2013

Buckwheat is known not only due to its appropriate nutritional composition but the content of prophylactic compounds, too. These are responsible for buckwheat beneficial impact on human health. Most of them are concentrated in outer layers of buckwheat grain. The subject of this work was to screen hulls of nine common and one tartary buckwheat cultivar for the content of flavonoids and its antioxidant and antiproteinase effects. The highest content of total flavonoids was determined for tartary buckwheat cultivar Madawaska (0.6% of hulls weight). Among common buckwheat cultivars the best values reached samples Bamby (0.23%) and KASHO-2 (0.11%). Antioxidant activity as detected via binding radical ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) and monitoring reducing power was the most effective for samples with highest flavonoid content. Buckwheat hulls effectively inhibited pathophysiological proteases thrombin and urokinase, whereas only little effects were seen to trypsin and elastase. In this testing there were again the best samples with highest flavonoid content. Only tartary buckwheat Madawaska effectively inhibited elastase at tested concentrations. No significant correlation was determined between flavonoid content and measured antioxidant or protease inhibitory action. Obtained results allow us to commend tartary buckwheat cultivar Madawaska as well as common buckwheat cultivars Bamby and KASHO-2 for further experiments.
Turn‐On Fluorogenic Probes for the Selective and Quantitative Detection of the Cyanide Anion from Natural Sources
Authors: Gómez Teresa , Moreno Daniel , Díaz de Greñu Borja , Fernández A. Cristina , Rodríguez Teresa , Rojo Josefa , Cuevas José V. , Torroba Tomás 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report new indene derivatives that are good fluorogenic probes for the cyanide anion, one of which is a highly selective and sensitive fluorogenic probe for the fluorescent detection—as well as reliable quantification—of the cyanide anion in water or buffer, with a 103‐fold increase of fluorescence and low detection limit. It is therefore useful for the quantification of natural cyanide from aqueous extracts of green almond seeds, thus proving that the system is suitable for fast detection and quantification of cyanide from natural sources.
Structure, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of (PPN+)2(C702−)⋅2 C6H4Cl2, which Contains Dianionic Polymeric (C702−)n Chains
Authors: Konarev Dmitri V. , Troyanov Sergey I. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Saito Gunzi , Lyubovskaya Rimma N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA new salt, (PPN+)2(C702−)⋅2 C6H4Cl2 (1), which contains C702− dianions, has been obtained as single crystals (PPN+=bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium cation). The C702− dianions form polymeric zigzag (C702−)n chains, in which the fullerene units are bonded through single CC bonds of length 1.581(5)–1.586(6) Å. The distance between the centers of neighboring C702− units is 10.441 Å. The optical and magnetic properties of (C702−)n have also been studied. Decreasing the symmetry of C70 in the polymer activate about 20 new IR bands in addition to the 10 IR‐active bands of the starting C70. The polymeric structure shows absorptions in the visible and NIR regions, with three main bands at 890, 1200, and 1550 nm, instead of one band of isolated C702− dianions at 1165–1184 nm. We concluded that the (C702−)n polymer was diamagnetic, with a negative molar magnetic susceptibility of −3.82×10−4 emu mol−1 per C702− dianion. The polymer is EPR silent and a weak narrow EPR signal in salt 1 is due to impurities, which only constitute 0.84 % of spin S=1/2 of the total amount of fullerene C70.
Packet‐Loss‐Dependent Stabilization of Model‐Based Networked Control Systems
Authors: Song Yan , Wang Jingcheng , Shi Yuanhao , Fang Xiaosheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, the stabilization problem and controller design of model‐based networked control systems (MB‐NCSs) with both arbitrary and Markovian packet dropouts are discussed via the switched system approach. Different from the common way of using the last successfully transmitted information, the approximate state produced by the explicit plant model is applied to deal with the packet loss problem in our method. Based on the Lyapunov functional methodology and inequality techniques, some sufficient stabilization conditions are derived and stabilizing state feedback controllers are constructed. Moreover, by using the cone complementary linearation (CCL) method, a non‐linear minimization problem subject to some linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is provided here to help find a sub‐optimal solution. Numerical examples and accompanying simulations illustrate the effectiveness and validity of our techniques, and also evidence of improvements over the existing literature.
On Detectability and Observability of Discrete‐Time Stochastic Markov Jump Systems with State‐Dependent Noise
Authors: Zhang Weihai , Tan Cheng 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper mainly studies the notions of detectability and observability for discrete‐time stochastic Markov jump systems with state‐dependent noise. Two concepts, called “W‐detectability” and “W‐observability,” for such systems are introduced, and are shown to coincide with the other concepts on detectability and observability reported recently in literature. Moreover, some criteria and interesting properties for both W‐detectability and W‐observability are obtained.