bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring optimism and pessimism in the Indian equity market
Authors: Prosad Jaya Mamta , Kapoor Sujata , Sengupta Jhumur 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to capture the presence and impact of optimism in the Indian equity market.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data set comprises the daily values of the Nifty 50 index, index options and Treasury-bill index for a period of five years (2006-2011). The focus of this paper is two pronged. It first investigates the presence of optimism (pessimism) using the pricing kernel technique suggested by Barone-Adesi et al. (2012). Second, it tries to analyze the relationship of this bias with stock market indicators like risk premium, market return and volatility using time series regression.

Findings
– The findings indicate that the Indian equity market has been predominantly pessimistic from the period 2006 to 2011. The interaction of this bias with market indicators also unveils some interesting insights. The study shows that high past volatility can lead to pessimism in the Indian equity market and vice versa. It further explores that when the investors are rational, their risk and return relationship is positive while it tends to be negative when they are irrational. The impact of investors’ irrationalities on asset valuation has also been accounted by Brown and Cliff (2005).

Research limitations/implications
– The findings of the paper have significant implications for fund managers and asset management companies. It is recommended that they should try to identify behavioral biases in their clients before designing their portfolios.

Originality/value
– This study is one of the very few attempts to capture the presence and impact optimism (pessimism) in the Indian equity market.
Species‐specific diversity of novel bacterial lineages and differential abundance of predicted pathways for toxic compound degradation in scorpion gut microbiota
Authors: Bolaños Luis M. , Rosenblueth Mónica , Castillo‐Ramírez Santiago , Figuier‐Huttin Gilles , Martínez‐Romero Esperanza 
Published: June 2015

SummaryScorpions are considered ‘living fossils’ that have conserved ancestral anatomical features and have adapted to numerous habitats. However, their gut microbiota diversity has not been studied. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of two scorpion species, Vaejovis smithi and Centruroides limpidus. Our results indicate that scorpion gut microbiota is species‐specific and that food deprivation reduces bacterial diversity. 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis revealed novel bacterial lineages showing a low level of sequence identity to any known bacteria. Furthermore, these novel bacterial lineages were each restricted to a different scorpion species. Additionally, our results of the predicted metagenomic profiles revealed a core set of pathways that were highly abundant in both species, and mostly related to amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin and cofactor metabolism. Notably, the food‐deprived V. smithi shotgun metagenome matched almost completely the metabolic features of the prediction. Finally, comparisons among predicted metagenomic profiles showed that toxic compound degradation pathways were more abundant in recently captured C. limpidus scorpions. This study gives a first insight into the scorpion gut microbiota and provides a reference for future studies on the gut microbiota from other arachnid species.
The language needs of residents from linguistically diverse backgrounds in Victorian aged care facilities
Authors: Runci Susannah J. , Eppingstall Barbara J. , van der Ploeg Eva S. , Graham Georgia , O'Connor Daniel W. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the language needs of residents of aged care facilities within the State of Victoria, Australia, and determine what language resources were accessible to them.MethodsPostal questionnaires were sent to 586 aged care facilities, enquiring about residents' and staff members' languages and language‐specific resources.ResultsThe response rate was 38%. The majority of facilities had residents who spoke non‐English languages, and 55 different languages were represented. Three‐quarters of the facilities employed staff members who spoke to residents in non‐English languages and employed language‐specific resources. The metropolitan and ethnospecific facilities had a greater presence of non‐English‐speaking residents and staff and more commonly used language‐specific resources in comparison with regional and mainstream facilities.ConclusionWe found a large number of languages used by many residents from non‐English‐speaking backgrounds, with evidence of a large unmet language resource need. Unmet need was greatest in rural areas.
Global population collapse in a superabundant migratory bird and illegal trapping in China
Authors: Kamp Johannes , Oppel Steffen , Ananin Alexandr A. , Durnev Yurii A. , Gashev Sergey N. , Hölzel Norbert , Mishchenko Alexandr L. , Pessa Jorma , Smirenski Sergey M. , Strelnikov Evgenii G. , Timonen Sami , Wolanska Kolja , Chan Simba 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPersecution and overexploitation by humans are major causes of species extinctions. Rare species, often confined to small geographic ranges, are usually at highest risk, whereas extinctions of superabundant species with very large ranges are rare. The Yellow‐breasted Bunting (Emberiza aureola) used to be one of the most abundant songbirds of the Palearctic, with a very large breeding range stretching from Scandinavia to the Russian Far East. Anecdotal information about rapid population declines across the range caused concern about unsustainable trapping along the species’ migration routes. We conducted a literature review and used long‐term monitoring data from across the species’ range to model population trend and geographical patterns of extinction. The population declined by 84.3–94.7% between 1980 and 2013, and the species’ range contracted by 5000 km. Quantitative evidence from police raids suggested rampant illegal trapping of the species along its East Asian flyway in China. A population model simulating an initial harvest level of 2% of the population, and an annual increase of 0.2% during the monitoring period produced a population trajectory that matched the observed decline. We suggest that trapping strongly contributed to the decline because the consumption of Yellow‐breasted Bunting and other songbirds has increased as a result of economic growth and prosperity in East Asia. The magnitude and speed of the decline is unprecedented among birds with a comparable range size, with the exception of the Passenger Pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius), which went extinct in 1914 due to industrial‐scale hunting. Our results demonstrate the urgent need for an improved monitoring of common and widespread species’ populations, and consumption levels throughout East Asia.
Synthesis and summary of patient‐reported outcome measures to inform the development of a core outcome set in colorectal cancer surgery
Authors: McNair A. G. K. , Whistance R. N. , Forsythe R. O. , Rees J. , Jones J. E. , Pullyblank A. M. , Avery K. N. L. , Brookes S. T. , Thomas M. G. , Sylvester P. A. , Russell A. , Oliver A. , Morton D. , Kennedy R. , Jayne D. G. , Huxtable R. , Hackett R. , Dutton S. J. , Coleman M. G. , Card M. , Brown J. , Blazeby J. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimPatient‐reported outcome (PRO) measures (PROMs) are standard measures in the assessment of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, but the range and complexity of available PROMs may be hindering the synthesis of evidence. This systematic review aimed to: (i) summarize PROMs in studies of CRC surgery and (ii) categorize PRO content to inform the future development of an agreed minimum ‘core’ outcome set to be measured in all trials.MethodAll PROMs were identified from a systematic review of prospective CRC surgical studies. The type and frequency of PROMs in each study were summarized, and the number of items documented. All items were extracted and independently categorized by content by two researchers into ‘health domains’, and discrepancies were discussed with a patient and expert. Domain popularity and the distribution of items were summarized.ResultsFifty‐eight different PROMs were identified from the 104 included studies. There were 23 generic, four cancer‐specific, 11 disease‐specific and 16 symptom‐specific questionnaires, and three ad hoc measures. The most frequently used PROM was the EORTC QLQ‐C30 (50 studies), and most PROMs (n = 40, 69%) were used in only one study. Detailed examination of the 50 available measures identified 917 items, which were categorized into 51 domains. The domains comprising the most items were ‘anxiety’ (n = 85, 9.2%), ‘fatigue’ (n = 67, 7.3%) and ‘physical function’ (n = 63, 6.9%). No domains were included in all PROMs.ConclusionThere is major heterogeneity of PRO measurement and a wide variation in content assessed in the PROMs available for CRC. A core outcome set will improve PRO outcome measurement and reporting in CRC trials.
Motor performance and correlates of mental health in children who are deaf or hard of hearing
Authors: Fellinger Matthäus J , Holzinger Daniel , Aigner Martin , Beitel Christoph , Fellinger Johannes 
Published: June 2015

AimThis cross‐sectional study investigates the relationship between motor performance and mental health in a representative population of children with hearing impairment.MethodNinety‐three pupils (45 males, 48 females) aged 6 years to 16 years (mean 11y 3mo, SD 2y 9mo) with hearing impairment of at least 40dB and a Nonverbal IQ greater than 70 were assessed for motor performance with the Zürich Neuromotor Assessment (ZNA) and for mental health with the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).ResultsChildren with hearing impairment had lower motor performance scores in all four ZNA subscales compared with ZNA norms (z‐scores −1.42 to −2.67). After controlling for Nonverbal IQ, ZNA pure motor performance correlated negatively with the SDQ total difficulties score. Pure motor, pegboard, and dynamic balance subscales correlated negatively with peer‐relationship problems. Dynamic balance correlated negatively with emotional problems. Performance in pure motor and dynamic balance skills correlated negatively with age. Except for static balance, no correlation was found between motor performance and the degree of hearing impairment.InterpretationResults confirm that a high percentage of children with hearing impairment have poor motor performance. These problems are associated with difficulties in social relationships. Early recognition of these problems may lead to interventions to assist children with hearing impairment with their peer relationships.
Vitamin D status and health‐related quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Krul‐Poel Y. H. M. , Westra S. , van Wijland H. J. J. , Stam F. , Lips P. , Pouwer F. , Simsek S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo test whether vitamin D status was associated with health‐related quality of life in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsDemographic and clinical characteristics, including health‐related quality of life scores, were obtained from 241 adult patients with Type 2 diabetes managed with oral hypoglycaemic agents. Health‐related quality of life was assessed using the Short‐Form 36 Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between vitamin D status and health‐related quality of life, with adjustment for confounders.ResultsThe mean age of the patients included in the study was 67 ± 8 years. Their mean HbA1c concentration was 52 ± 8 mmol/mol (6.9 ± 0.7%) and their mean serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 59 ± 23 nmol/l. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D < 50 nmol/l) was present in 38% of patients. No significant associations were found between vitamin D status and health‐related quality of life.ConclusionsVitamin D status was not associated with health‐related quality of life in patients with Type 2 diabetes. This could be explained by the relatively high serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration, good glycaemic control and relatively good health‐related quality of life of all patients. A prospective study among patients with vitamin D deficiency and poor glycaemic control would be interesting for future research.
Theorizing Energy Geographies
Authors: Huber Matthew 
Published: June 2015

AbstractGeography is witnessing a “boom” in energy research that has emerged alongside renewed interest in the humanities and social sciences over the role of energy in shaping modern social life. In this review article, I suggest that geographers need to connect better with new debates in critical social theory over energy through an emphasis on energy's role in the social production of space. I first review recent interventions in the social sciences and humanities on energy and suggest that as insightful as they are, they lack an attention to geography. It reviews how energy used to be a central theoretical concept in geography – specifically through “cultural ecological” approaches that saw the flow of energy and nutrients through human groups as a central aspect in explaining their cultural traits. The rise of political ecology – and its focus on resources rather than energy – led to energy becoming seen as simply an empirical object on inquiry as opposed to an underlying concept. Second, I argue political ecologies of energy are central to the production and reproduction of geopolitical imaginaries of nationhood and international relations, and thus, energy should be at the center of theorizing these ideas. Third, although geographers have long viewed urbanization as a sociospatial – and increasingly socioecological – process, the role of energy in shaping the material infrastructure and uneven nature of cities has been less discussed. Fourth, the ways in which energy is consumed, and the way energy shapes the geographies of everyday practice, is a critical aspect in the production of space. Fifth, I suggest that any energy transition toward a low‐carbon energy system must understand that new energy systems will also require new spatialities and new spatial imaginations.
Cytocompatibility of HEMA–free resin–based luting cements according to application protocols on dentine surfaces
Authors: Soares D. G. , Brito C. A. , Tavares da Silva R. H. B. , Ribeiro A. P. D. , Hebling J. , de Souza Costa C. A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the transdentinal cytotoxicity of resin–based luting cements (RBLCs), with no HEMA in their composition, to odontoblast–like cells.MethodologyHuman dentine discs 0.3 mm thick were adapted to artificial pulp chambers (APCs) and placed in wells of 24–well plates containing 1 mL of culture medium (DMEM). Two categories of HEMA–free RBLCs were evaluated: group 1, self–adhesive Rely X Unicem (RU; 3M ESPE), applied directly to the dentine substrate; and group 2, Rely X ARC (RARC; 3M ESPE), applied to dentine previously acid–etched and treated with a bonding agent. In group 3 (control), considered as representing 100% cell metabolic activity, no treatment was performed on dentine. The APC/disc sets were incubated for 24 h or 7 days at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Then, the extracts (DMEM + dental materials components that diffused through dentine) were applied to cultured odontoblast–like MDPC–23 cells for 24 h. After that, the cell viability (MTT assay), cell morphology (SEM), total protein production (TP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed. Data from MTT assay and TP production were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests (α = 5%). Data from ALP activity were analysed by one–way anova and Tukey's test (α = 5%).ResultsIn group 1, a slight reduction in cell viability (11.6% and 16.8% for 24–h and 7–day periods, respectively) and ALP activity (13.5% and 17.9% for 24–h and 7–day periods, respectively) was observed, with no significant difference from group 3 (control) (P > 0.05). In group 2, a significant reduction in cell viability, TP production and ALP activity compared with group 3 (control) occurred (P < 0.05), regardless of incubation time. Alteration in MDPC–23 cell morphology was observed only in group 2.ConclusionsHEMA–free Rely X ARC cement caused greater toxicity to odontoblast–like MDPC–23 cells than did Rely X Unicem cement when both resin–based luting materials were applied to dentine as recommended by the manufacturer.
Hydrologic and hydrodynamic modelling of extreme flood events to assess the impact of climate change in a large basin with limited data
Authors: Amir M.S.I.I. , Khan M.M.K. , Rasul M.G. , Sharma R.H. , Akram F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFlood modelling of a large basin like the Fitzroy is a difficult task due to its large catchment size, the long duration of flood events, the non‐uniform spatial distribution of rainfall and a lack of required data for modelling purposes. This paper presents a systematic methodology for the flood modelling of the Fitzroy Basin using hydrologic and hydrodynamic modelling approach with Geographic Information System (GIS) capabilities. This study developed five flood scenarios analysing historical flood events and considering three impacts of climate change: upstream subcatchments flooding, local rainfall fluctuations and sea level rise. A hydrologic model was developed within the wider Fitzroy Basin with the five upstream subcatchments and the upper Fitzroy subcatchment in order to simulate discharge data for these scenarios at the Gap measurement location. An integrated hydrologic–hydrodynamic model was developed for the lower Fitzroy subcatchment where output discharges of the hydrologic model were considered as the upstream boundaries. The peak flood levels, peak flow rates and flood inundation durations at Rockhampton city were identified using this integrated model. GIS capabilities were specially used for automatic watershed delineation and river cross‐section extraction from Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data. The methodology proposed here is a case study and can be applied to other similar basins or catchments.
Feelings of Pride and Respect as Drivers of Ongoing Member Activity on Crowdsourcing Platforms
Authors: Boons Mark , Stam Daan , Barkema Harry G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTCrowdsourcing platforms are online organizations that organize work by sourcing tasks to their members. As participation on crowdsourcing platforms is completely voluntary, getting members to actively participate in tasks on an ongoing basis is essential for the survival of these online platforms. Why members would be active on an ongoing basis, however, is currently not well understood. To understand ongoing member activity on crowdsourcing platforms, we build on the group engagement model, which postulates that feelings of pride and respect influence engagement because they foster identification with the group. We argue that, although in general the nature of crowdsourcing platforms limits the effects of identification processes on member behaviour, feelings of pride and respect will still play central roles in such online organizations, because feelings of pride and respect can directly drive members’ cooperative behaviors towards the platform organization. Moreover, we posit that the way in which platform organizations communicate with their members affects these feelings of pride and respect. We test these ideas in a longitudinal, multisource field study and find that feelings of pride drive ongoing member activity on an online crowdsourcing platform directly and that platform management can increase members’ feelings of pride and respect by engaging in specific organizational communication practices.
Dual modes of membrane binding direct pore formation by Streptolysin O
Authors: Mozola Cara C. , Caparon Michael G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryEffector translocation is central to the virulence of many bacterial pathogens, including Streptococcus pyogenes, which utilizes the cholesterol‐dependent cytolysin Streptolysin O (SLO) to translocate the NAD+ glycohydrolase SPN into host cells during infection. SLO's translocation activity does not require host cell membrane cholesterol or pore formation by SLO, yet SLO does form pores during infection via a cholesterol‐dependent mechanism. Although cholesterol was considered the primary receptor for SLO, SLO's membrane‐binding domain also encodes a putative carbohydrate‐binding site, implicating a potential glycan receptor in binding and pore formation. Analysis of carbohydrate‐binding site SLO mutants and carbohydrate‐defective cell lines revealed that glycan recognition is involved in SLO's pore formation pathway and is an essential step when SLO is secreted by non‐adherent bacteria, as occurs during lysis of erythrocytes. However, SLO also recognizes host cell membranes via a second mechanism when secreted from adherent bacteria, which requires co‐secretion of SPN but not glycan binding by SLO. This SPN‐mediated membrane binding of SLO correlates with SPN translocation, and requires SPN's non‐enzymatic domain, which is predicted to adopt the structure of a carbohydrate‐binding module. SPN‐dependent membrane binding also promotes pore formation by SLO, demonstrating that pore formation can occur by distinct pathways during infection.
Transgenic cucumber lines expressing the chimeric pGT::Dhn24 gene do not show enhanced chilling tolerance in phytotron conditions
Authors: Mróz Tomasz L. , Ziółkowska Agnieszka , Gawroński Piotr , Pióro‐Jabrucka Ewelina , Kacprzak Sylwia , Mazur Magdalena , Malepszy Stefan , Bartoszewski Grzegorz 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn cucumber, low temperatures can result in chilling injuries and can lead to significant yield decreases in open field production. The lack of a cold‐tolerant cucumber germplasm has limited classical breeding. Recent progress in understanding plant response to cold stress has allowed to develop transgenic approaches to improving cold tolerance in chilling sensitive crop species. The pGT::Dhn24 gene construct containing an anthocyanidine glucosyltransferase promoter and the DHN24 dehydrin‐encoding gene originating from cold‐acclimated species Solanum sogarandinum was developed, and preliminary study showed that its expression could increase cucumber chilling tolerance. In this study, a set of transgenic cucumber lines was developed and tested for cold tolerance. Expression of pGT::Dhn24 was confirmed in the transgenic cucumber lines at both the transcript and protein level. At the protein level, chilling‐induced pGT::Dhn24 transgene expression was observed in the leaves; however, it was constitutive in the roots. Cold stress‐related physiological parameters, germination ability and severity of chilling injury were measured for the transgenic lines at the phytotron conditions. No evidence for increased cold tolerance of the transgenic cucumber lines was found.