bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a rapid multiplex SSR genotyping method to study populations of the fungal plant pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Gautier Angélique , Marcel Thierry C , Confais Johann , Crane Charles , Kema Gert , Suffert Frédéric , Walker Anne-Sophie 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background

Zymoseptoria tritici is a hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus causing leaf blotch of wheat that often decreases yield severely. Populations of the fungus are known to be highly diverse and poorly differentiated from each other. However, a genotyping tool is needed to address further questions in large collections of isolates, regarding regional population structure, adaptation to anthropogenic selective pressures, and dynamics of the recently discovered accessory chromosomes. This procedure is limited by costly and time-consuming simplex PCR genotyping. Recent development of genomic approaches and of larger sets of SSRs enabled the optimization of microsatellite multiplexing.

Findings
We report here a reliable protocol to amplify 24 SSRs organized in three multiplex panels, and covering all Z. tritici chromosomes. We also propose an automatic allele assignment procedure, which allows scoring alleles in a repeatable manner across studies and laboratories. All together, these tools enabled us to characterize local and worldwide populations and to calculate diversity indexes consistent with results reported in the literature.

Conclusion
This easy-to-use, accurate, repeatable, economical, and faster technical strategy can provide useful genetic information for evolutionary inferences concerning Z. tritici populations. Moreover, it will facilitate the comparison of studies from different scientific groups.
Identification alone versus intraoperative neuromonitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery: Experience of 2034 consecutive patients
Authors: Calò Pietro Giorgio , Pisano Giuseppe , Medas Fabio , Pittau Maria Rita , Gordini Luca , Demontis Roberto , Nicolosi Angelo 
Published: June 2014

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of intraoperative neuromonitoring in reducing the postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rate by a comparison between patients submitted to thyroidectomy with intraoperative neuromonitoring and with routine identification alone. Methods Between June 2007 and December 2012, 2034 consecutive patients underwent thyroidectomy by a single surgical team. We compared patients who have had neuromonitoring and patients who have undergone surgery with nerve visualization alone. Patients in which neuromonitoring was not utilized (Group A) were 993, patients in which was utilized (group B) were 1041. Results In group A 28 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries were observed (2.82%), 21 (2.11%) transient and 7 (0.7%) permanent. In group B 23 recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries were observed (2.21%), in 17 cases (1.63%) transient and in 6 (0.58%) permanent. Differences were not statistically significative. Conclusions Visual nerve identification remains the gold standard of recurrent laryngeal nerve management in thyroid surgery. Neuromonitoring helps to identify the nerve, in particular in difficult cases, but it did not decrease nerve injuries compared with visualization alone. Future studies are warranted to evaluate the benefit of intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroidectomy, especially in conditions in which the recurrent nerve is at high risk of injury.
Primary squamous cell of the thyroid–an abbreviated clinical presentation
Authors: Lui Justin T , Khalil Moosa N , Chandarana Shamir P 
Published: June 2014

Background Lacking any squamous epithelium, thyroid gland with primary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) proves to be an etiopathophysiological quandary. Two major theories do exist, though few cases have been documented to support either. We present a case that supports the “metaplasia” theory, which serves to enhance our understanding of a disease that carries with it a very poor prognosis. Case presentation We present a case of an extremely advanced, primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thyroid with distant metastases in a thirty-six year-old male. Dying of airway compromise seventeen days following his admission, this is the shortest median survival of all documented cases. Conclusion In addition to being the most abbreviated time period between presentation and death of all documented thyroid primary squamous cell carcinomas, we share the fifth case of thyroid PSCC in the setting of lymphocytic thyroiditis. This case should build awareness of the aggressivity of the disease and the lack of established diagnostic criteria.
Nano Cu-catalyzed efficient and selective reduction of nitroarenes under combined microwave and ultrasound irradiation
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Li Yuan , Lin Shengji , Van der Eycken Erik V , Song Gonghua 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

In situ preparation of copper nanoparticles from a copper acetate precursor and its application as an efficient catalyst for the selective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds with hydrazine hydrate under combined microwave and ultrasound irradiation were described in detail. The results reveal the synergetic effect of microwave and ultrasound on the synthesis of copper nanoparticles, and formation of various amino derivatives.
Long-term outcome of delirium during intensive care unit stay in survivors of critical illness: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wolters Annemiek E , van Dijk Diederik , Pasma Wietze , Cremer Olaf L , Looije Marjolein F , de Lange Dylan W , Veldhuijzen Dieuwke S , Slooter Arjen JC 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Delirium is associated with impaired outcome, but it is unclear whether this relationship is limited to in-hospital outcomes and whether this relationship is independent of the severity of underlying conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between delirium in the intensive care unit (ICU) and long-term mortality, self-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and self-reported problems with cognitive functioning in survivors of critical illness, taking severity of illness at baseline and throughout ICU stay into account.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted. We included patients who survived an ICU stay of at least a day; exclusions were neurocritical care patients and patients who sustained deep sedation during the entire ICU stay. Delirium was assessed twice daily with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) and additionally, patients who received haloperidol were considered delirious. Twelve months after ICU admission, data on mortality were obtained and HRQoL and cognitive functioning were measured with the European Quality of Life – Six dimensions self-classifier (EQ-6D). Regression analyses were used to assess the associations between delirium and the outcome measures adjusted for gender, type of admission, the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation IV (APACHE IV) score, and the cumulative Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score throughout ICU stay.

Results
Of 1101 survivors of critical illness, 412 persons (37%) had been delirious during ICU stay, and 198 (18%) died within twelve months. When correcting for confounders, no significant association between delirium and long-term mortality was found (hazard ratio: 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93 to 1.71). In multivariable analysis, delirium was not associated with HRQoL either (regression coefficient: -0.04; 95% CI -0.10 to 0.01). Yet, delirium remained associated with mild and severe problems with cognitive functioning in multivariable analysis (odds ratios: 2.41; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.69 and 3.10; 95% CI 1.10 to 8.74, respectively).

Conclusions
In this group of survivors of critical illness, delirium during ICU stay was not associated with long-term mortality or HRQoL after adjusting for confounding, including severity of illness throughout ICU stay. In contrast, delirium appears to be an independent risk factor for long-term self-reported problems with cognitive functioning.
A low computational complexity V-BLAST/STBC detection mechanism in MIMO system
Authors: Chong Jin Hui , Ng Chee Kyun , Noordin Nor Kamariah , Ali Borhanuddin Mohd 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The idea of multiple antenna arrays has evolved into multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, which provides transmit and receive diversities. It increases robustness of the effect of multipath fading in wireless channels, besides yielding higher capacity, spectral efficiency and better bit error rate (BER) performance. The spatial diversity gain is obtained by transmitting or receiving multiple copies of a signal through different antennas to combat fading and improves the system BER performance. However, the computational complexity of MIMO system is inevitably increased. Space-time coding (STC) technique such as Alamouti’s space-time block code (STBC) that combines coding, modulation and signal processing has been used to achieve spatial diversity. Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) uses antenna arrays at both the transmitter and receiver to achieve spatial multiplexing gain. Independent data streams that share both frequency bands and time slots are transmitted from multiple antennas and jointly detected at the receiver. The theoretical capacity of V-BLAST increases linearly with the number of antennas in rich scattering environments. It's well-known that maximization of spatial diversity gain leads to degradation of spatial multiplexing gain or vice versa. In order to achieve spatial multiplexing and diversity gains simultaneously, the V-BLAST/STBC scheme has been introduced. This hybrid scheme increases MIMO system capacity and maintains reliable BER performance at the same time. However, both V-BLAST and STBC layers, in this hybid scheme, assume each other as an interferer. Thus, the symbols must be decoded with a suitable detection mechanism. In this paper, a new low complexity detection mechanism for V-BLAST/STBC scheme based on QR decomposition, denoted as low complexity QR (LC-QR) decomposition, is presented. The performance of the proposed LC-QR decomposition detection mechanism in V-BLAST/STBC transceiver scheme is compared with other detection mechanisms such as ZF, MMSE and QR decomposition. It is shown that the BER performance in V-BLAST/STBC scheme is better than V-BLAST scheme while its system capacity is higher than orthogonal STBC scheme when the LC-QR decomposition detection mechanism is exploited. Moreover, the computational complexity of proposed LC-QR decomposition mechanism is significantly lower than other abovementioned detection mechanisms.
An effective implementation of security based algorithmic approach in mobile adhoc networks
Authors: Singh Rajinder , Singh Parvinder , Duhan Manoj 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMobile Ad-hoc Network one of the prominent area for the researchers and practitioners in assorted domains including security, routing, addressing and many others. A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) refers to an autonomous group or cluster of mobile users that communicate over relatively bandwidth constrained wireless links. Mobile ad hoc network refers to the moving node rather than any fixed infrastructure, act as a mobile router. These mobile routers are responsible for the network mobility. The history of mobile network begin after the invention of 802.11 or WiFi they are mostly used for connecting among themselves and for connecting to the internet via any fixed infrastructure. Vehicles like car, buses and trains equipped with router acts as nested Mobile Ad-hoc Network. Vehicles today consists many embedded devices like build in routers, electronic devices like Sensors PDAs build in GPS, providing internet connection to it gives, information and infotainment to the users. These advances in MANET helps the vehicle to communicate with each other, at the time of emergency like accident, or during climatic changes like snow fall, and at the time of road block, this information will be informed to the nearby vehicles. Now days technologies rising to provide efficiency to MANET users like providing enough storage space, as we all know the cloud computing is the next generation computing paradigm many researches are conducting experiments on Mobile Ad-hoc Network to provide the cloud service securely. This paper attempts to propose and implement the security based algorithmic approach in the mobile adhoc networks.
Case Report: A case report of acromegaly associated with primary aldosteronism
Authors: Matrozova Joanna , Vandeva Silvia , Zacharieva Sabina 
Published: June 2014

We describe a patient with a rare combination of acromegaly and primary aldosteronism. A 37 year-old female patient was diagnosed with acromegaly on the basis of typical clinical, hormonal and image characteristics. She presented also with one of the most common co-morbidities – arterial hypertension. The patient has been regularly followed-up and after three surgical interventions, irradiation and adjuvant treatment with a dopamine agonist, acromegaly was finally controlled in 2008 (20 years after diagnosis). Arterial hypertension however, remained a therapeutic problem even after prescription of four antihypertensive drugs. She had normal biochemical parameters, except for low potassium levels 3.2 (3.5-5.6) mmol/l. This raised the suspicion of primary hyperaldosteronism, confirmed by a high aldosterone to plasma rennin activity ratio, high aldosterone level after a Captopril challenge test and visualization of a 35 mm left adrenal nodule on a CT scan. After an operation, the patient recovered from hypokalemia and antihypertensive therapy was reduced to a small dose of a Ca blocker.Co-morbid arterial hypertension is common in acromegaly, though it is rare for this to be caused by Conn’s adenoma. The association of Conn’s adenoma with acromegaly has been interpreted in two lines: as a component of multiple endocrine neoplasia type (MEN1) syndrome or as a direct mitogenic effect of hyperactivated GH-IGF1 axis.
Case report: Heterotopic intrarenally located adrenocortical oncocytoma
Authors: Godin Konstantin , Bang Nicole , Tolkach Yuri 
Published: June 2014

The clinical case of a 65-year-old woman with an incidentally detected left-sided mass in the upper renal pole is presented. A functional adrenal tumor was excluded. The mass was removed retroperitoneoscopically. The perioperative period was uneventful. The histopathological examination revealed a heterotopic intrarenal adrenocortical oncocytoma.Adrenal oncocytic neoplasms are very rare, with, to the authors’ knowledge, only 159 described cases so far. Most cases are non-functioning adenomas that can reach a considerable size. Only 10 heterotopic adrenal oncocytomas have been described (three retroperitoneal and seven intraspinal cases). Although the intrarenal adrenal rest is the most frequently appearing variant of adrenal heterotopia, to the best of our knowledge, this report is the first description of an intrarenally growing adrenocortical oncocytic adenoma.In addition to retroperitoneally located oncocytomas, this case could be interesting for urological practice because there are no diagnostic features which could provide a secure preoperative diagnosis of an adrenal oncocytic neoplasm and its malignant variant. Generally accepted indications for surgery of adrenal masses have to be respected. The definitive pathologic diagnosis is in most cases surprising because of its rarity. Benign adrenal oncocytic neoplasms do not require any adjuvant treatment. The oncocytic variant of adrenocortical carcinoma generally has a poor prognosis.
Validation of a Real-Time PCR–Based Qualitative Assay for the Detection of Methylated SEPT9 DNA in Human Plasma
Authors: Potter Nicholas T , Hurban Patrick , White Mary N , Whitlock Kara D , Lofton-Day Catherine E , Tetzner Reimo , Koenig Thomas , Quigley Neil B , Weiss Gunter 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDEpi proColon® is a new blood-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening test designed to determine the methylation status of a promoter region of the SEPT9 (septin 9) gene in cell-free DNA isolated from plasma. We describe the analytical and clinical performance of the test.METHODSAnalytical performance at 4 testing laboratories included determination of limit of detection, precision, and reproducibility of the SEPT9 test. Clinical performance was evaluated in a prospective study by use of samples (n = 1544) from subjects enrolled in the PRESEPT clinical trial. Results were analyzed by comparison with colonoscopy, the reference standard.RESULTSThe limit of detection for methylated SEPT9 DNA was 7.8 pg/mL (95% CI 6–11 pg/mL) corresponding to &lt;2 genome copies of methylated SEPT9 per milliliter of plasma. In the prospective clinical trial, sensitivity for all stages of CRC was 68% (95% CI 53%–80%) and for stage I–III CRC, 64% (48%–77%). Adjusted specificity, on the basis of negative colonoscopy findings, was 80.0% (78%–82%).SIGNIFICANCE:The Epi proColon test is a simple, real-time PCR–based assay for the detection of methylated SEPT9 DNA in blood that may provide a noninvasive CRC screening alternative for people noncompliant with current CRC screening guidelines.
Bis tief unter die Haut Körperlichkeiten im Ezechielbuch
Authors: Poser Ruth 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In the First Testament, the book of Ezekiel tells stories about extreme bodily experiences of violence and harm in connection with the siege, capture and destruction of Jerusalem in 589/8- 587/6 B.C.E. Focusing on chapters 1-5, 16, 37, and 47, the present contribution traces some of these bodily experiences and integrates them into the interpretation of whole of the book, which can also be understood as a traumatic engagement with the events of war at the beginning of the 6th ct. B.C.E.
Bewahrung der Schöpfung Genese, Gehalt und gegenwärtige Bedeutung einer Programmformel in der Perspektive ethischer Theologie
Authors: Anselm Reiner 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This article takes up the popular formula of the integrity of creation and interprets it as an adequate, specifically modern reinterpretation of a dogmatic topic. Yet the power of this formula comes to light only when its origin within the process of reconciliation is emphasized and the concept of creation is equally distinguished from theologies of order and arguments based on natural law. The surplus value of a semantics of creation over against a discourse inspired by natural theology lies in the expression not of static, but of dynamic thought that aims at structuring the world in order to guarantee equal liberties for all to actualize their lives.
Bifurcation and symmetry breaking of nodoids with fixed boundary
Authors: Koiso Miyuki , Palmer Bennett , Piccione Paolo 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We prove bifurcation results for (compact portions of) nodoids in ℝ3, whose boundary
consists of two fixed coaxial circles of the same radius lying in parallel planes. Degeneracy
occurs at an infinite discrete sequence of instants, that are divided into four classes.
Different types of bifurcation and break of symmetry occur at each instant of three of the four classes;
bifurcation does not occur at the degeneracy instants of the fourth class.
Tachykinin: recent developments and novel roles in health and disease
Authors: Onaga Takenori 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOver 80 years has passed since the discovery of substance P (SP), and a variety of peptides of the tachykinin (TK) family have been found and investigated. SP, neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) are representative peptides in mammalian species. SP and NKA are major excitatory neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system, while NKB is primarily involved in the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, TK peptides play roles not only as neurotransmitters but also as local factors and are involved in almost all aspects of the regulation of physiological functions and pathophysiological processes. The role of SP as a mediator of pain processing and inflammation in peripheral tissues in coordination with transient receptor potential channels is well established, while novel aspects of TKs in relation to hematopoiesis, venous thromboembolism, tendinopathy, and taste perception have been clarified. In the CNS, the NKB signaling system in the hypothalamus has been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone secretion and the onset of puberty, and molecular biological studies have elucidated novel prophylaxic activities of TKs against neurogenic movement disorders based on their molecular structure. This review provides an overview of the novel aspects of TKs reported around the world in the last 5 years, with particular focus on nociception, inflammation, hemopoiesis, gonadotropin secretion, and CNS diseases.
CFD-DEM Modeling of CO2 Capture using Alkali Metal-Based Sorbents in a Bubbling Fluidized Bed
Authors: Zhang Zhonglin , Liu Daoyin , Zhuang Yaming , Meng Qingmin , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This paper describes a CFD-DEM modeling of CO2 capture using K2CO3 solid sorbents in a bubbling fluidized bed, which takes into heat transfer, hydrodynamics, and chemical reactions. Shrinking core model is applied in reaction kinetics. Simulation and experiment results of bed pressure drop and CO2 concentration in the reactor exit agree well. Instantaneous dynamics as well as time-averaged profiles indicate detailed characteristics of gas flow, particle motion, and chemical reaction processes. The simulation results show an obvious core-annular flow and strong back-mixing flow pattern. CO2 concentration decreases gradually along the bed height, while regards on the lateral distribution CO2 concentration near the wall is lower than that in the middle zone where gas passes through faster. The effect of bubbles on CO2 reaction is two-sided: it can promote mixing which strengthens reaction, while it can be a short pass of gas which is not beneficial to reaction. The simulation is helpful for further understanding and optimal design of fluidized bed reactors of CO2 capture.
Reaction Kinetics of Catalytic Esterification of Nonanoic Acid with Ethanol over Amberlyst 15
Authors: Sharma Mamta , Toor Amrit Pal , Wanchoo Ravinder Kumar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe kinetic behaviour of heterogeneous esterification of nonanoic acid with ethanol over an acidic cation exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, was investigated in a batch reactor and effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, molar ratio and reaction temperature on degree of fractional conversion has been studied. Internal and external diffusions were found to be negligible in this study. Nonideality of the liquid phase was taken into account by using activities instead of concentrations. The activity coefficients were estimated using UNIFAC group contribution method. Eley–Rideal (ER) kinetic model was used to interpret the obtained kinetic data. The temperature-dependent initial reaction rate constants and the adsorption coefficients for ethanol and water were determined from the observed experimental data obtained at different initial concentration of acid, alcohol and water. Activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the reaction were found to be 53.7 kJ mol−1and 1.51×105l2g−1mol−1h−1respectively.