bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vpliv interakcije nadmorske višine in nagiba terena na rast in rodnost vinske trte Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Merlot' v vinorodnem okolišu Goriška brda
Authors: RUSJAN Denis 
Published: July 2024

Modern viticulture requires collecting data of the factors, which have an important influence on the grapevine growth, fertility and yield quality. A terroir is determined by several ecological factors, among which a height above sea level and land inclination play an important role. Both factors change the local mezo and microclimate regime of the absolute winegrowing sites and they are both directly connected with the quantity and the duration of solar radiation. The parameters of grape quality, such as soluble sugars, the total acidity and the content of polyphenols and anthocyanins, demonstrate which winegrowing sites are suitable for growing the grapevine. The land inclination and above sea level have the influence on the time of the bud-burst, flowering and verasion. Winegrowers should therefore perform the grape harvest earlier in case of the optimum yield per a grapevine on ‘terasse’ vineyards, as the concentration of colouring substances with red cultivars decreases at the stage of technical maturity. The interaction of both factors does not have a direct influence on the grape quantity and quality. Despite the change of land inclination, the height above sea level in the Goriška brda winegrowing region does not alter considerably so as to strongly influence the parameters of growth and yield of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Merlot'. Winegrowers should adapt the vineyard management to the local mezoclimate regime and to the need of the individual type of grapevine.
Proučevanje odpornosti domačih linij koruze (Zea mays L.) na koruzno progavost (Exserohilum turcicum / Pass. / K. J. Leonard et E. G. Suggs)
Authors: ROZMAN Ludvik , KRAGL Marjan 
Published: July 2024

Field study was conducted in 1999 to characterize the level of resistance of some maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines against the northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum / Pass./ K. J. Leonard et E. G. Suggs) (NCLB). The investigation included 98 inbreds of the maize gene bank of the Department of Agronomy – Biotehnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana. At the experimental field of BF in Ljubljana, 20 plants for each of the 98 genotypes were artificially infected with fungi causing NCLB. One highly sensitive and artificially inoculated hybrid was used as a source for spreading the NCLB disease. Disease severity was assessed in the season using a 0-5 visual rating scale (two assessments in each inbred). The assessements were analysed by nonparametric statistical analysis which indicated that there were significant differences among studied inbreds. Fifteen lines, mostly with local origin, were found as highly resistant against the NCLB. Among these 15 lines, 3 local resistant lines shown even higher tolerance than highly resistant check L-108St. These promising and highly resistant genotypes can be used as the genetic source for further breeding of tolerant cultivars.
Research on the efficacy of the yellow sticky boards to control the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L., Aleyrodidae) on Brussels sprouts
Authors: TRDAN Stanislav , KAČ Milica , BOBNAR Aleksander , MODIC Špela 
Published: July 2024

In the 2000-2001 period three different methods to control the cabbage whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L.) were tested: the efficacy of the chosen biotechnical method to reduce the number of the pest to a less harmful level was compared to treatments with two different insecticides. In the field block experiment on Brussels sprouts the efficacy of imidacloprid (systemic insecticide), pirimiphos-methyl (contact insecticide) and the yellow sticky boards for mass trapping were tested. All results were compared with non-treated plots. Spraying with contact insecticide was established as the most effective way of controlling the pest in question (A. proletella L.). Comparing other treatments, no statistically significant differences were determined. Therefore, our hypothesis about efficacy of the yellow sticky boards to control the cabbage whitefly on the cultivated Brassica plants cannot be confirmed. On the basis of the results of the average number of the whitefly larvae on randomly chosen leaves and the average yield per plant we conclude that the usage of insecticides or other methods for controlling the cabbage whitefly is not reasonable in the growing seasons when the yield of Brussels sprouts is not satisfactory.
The growth of plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in plots cultivated with medicinal aromatic plants (MAPs) and in their natural wild habitats in Kosovo
Authors: MILLAKU Fadil , RYSHA Agim , BERISHA Naim 
Published: July 2024

Thousands of plant species worldwide produce about 600 different pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are known to cause disease in humans and animals. The plants known for their PAs content were investigated in 70 plots cultivated with 19 MAPs species and the natural habitats of 20 wild MAPs species. Most of the poisonous plants found in cultivated and the natural habitats of wild MAPs belong to the families of Asteraceae and Boraginaceae. In the cultivated MAPs plots, 22 plant species known for their PAs content were identified, including 7 from the Asteraceae, 13 from the Boraginaceae, and 1 species from the Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae families. 34 species known for their PAs content were identified in natural habitats, 17 of which belonged to the Boraginaceae and 15 to the Asteraceae families. Convolvulaceae and Solanaceae families were represented by only one species each. Most species from the Asteraceae family known for their PAs content identified in cultivated fields and natural habitats were from the genera Senecio and Jacobaea, while genera Myosotis, Pulmonaria and Symphytum from Boraginaceae family. In the plots cultivated with MAPs, Convolvulus arvensis L. known for its PAs content and tropane alkaloids (TAs) was the most prevalent.
Environmental alterations on potency of eugenol content of basil: an antihypertensive herb
Authors: Palshikar Gautam , Gadhwe Sandeep , Mahadik Shubhashree , Patil Rajesh 
Published: July 2024

Herbal therapies demand increases worldwide for treatment of various diseases. About 75% to 80% of the world population use herbal medicines, mainly in developing countries, for primary health care because of their better acceptability with the human body and lesser side effects. Herbal medicines are used for treatment of such a chronic diseases from hundreds of years and are continuously rising in today’s era due to less adverse effects, treats root cause and low cost. Medicinal plants are used to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases, which may occur due to ailments of the heart and blood vessels and comprise heart attacks, cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, and heart failure. Research has found a variety of herbal therapies to be successful in reducing high blood pressure with diet, exercise, stress management and supplements. Environmental changes have impact on availability of herbal constituents along with its therapeutic efficacy. If harvesting should be done properly at accurate conditions gets yield with more potency. Plant sample used in different seasons, time and places, identification and analysis was performed. Morphological, microscopical and extractive values appear changes. Maximum levels of ethanol extract with higher concentration of eugenol were obtained in rainy season, at high altitude and at morning time.
Time-dependent characteristics of analytical measurands
Authors: Özçürümez Mustafa K. , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Arzideh Farhad , Streichert Thomas , Quast Christin , Canbay Ali , Götze Oliver , Broecker-Preuss Martina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Biological variation is a relevant component of diagnostic uncertainty. In addition to within-subject and between-subject variation, preanalytical variation also includes components that contribute to biological variability. Among these, daily recurring, i.e., diurnal physiological variation is of particular importance, as it contains both a random and a non-random component if the exact time of blood collection is not known.

Methods
We introduce four time-dependent characteristics (TDC) of diurnal variations for measurands to assess the relevance and extent of time dependence on the evaluation of laboratory results.

Results
TDC address (i) a threshold for considering diurnality, (ii) the expected relative changes per time unit, (iii) the permissible time interval between two blood collections at different daytimes within which the expected time dependence does not exceed a defined analytical uncertainty, and (iv) a rhythm-expanded reference change value. TDC and their importance will be exemplified by the measurands aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, and total bilirubin. TDCs are calculated for four time slots that reflect known blood collection schedules, i.e., 07:00–09:00, 08:00–12:00, 06:00–18:00, and 00:00–24:00. The amplitude and the temporal location of the acrophase are major determinates impacting the diagnostic uncertainty and thus the medical interpretation, especially within the typical blood collection time from 07:00 to 09:00.

Conclusions
We propose to check measurands for the existence of diurnal variations and, if applicable, to specify their time-dependent characteristics as outlined in our concept.
Crack initiation during environment-induced cracking of metals: current status
Authors: Holroyd N.J. Henry , Burnett Timothy L. , Lewandowski John J. , Scamans Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Environment-induced cracking (EIC) research spanning the last 80 years for ferrous and non-ferrous metals in aqueous environments at ambient and elevated temperatures has concentrated on crack propagation. Studies clearly reveal EIC involves two differentiable processes, one controlling initiation and the other propagation. Utilization of advanced high-resolution electron microscopy over the last 20 years has enabled more focused studies of crack initiation for stainless steel and nickel-based alloys at elevated temperatures exposed to environments associated with the nuclear industry. More recently, when coupled with advanced in-situ experimental techniques such as time-lapse X-ray computed 3D-tomography, progress has also been made for aluminum alloys suffering EIC at ambient temperatures. Conventional wisdom states that chemical processes are typically rate-controlling during EIC initiation. Additionally, experimental evidence based on primary creep exhaustion ahead of the introduction of an aggressive environment indicates that time-dependent mechanically-driven local microstructural strain accommodation processes (resembling creep-like behavior) often play an important role for many metals, even for temperatures as low as 40 % of their melting points (0.4 Tm). EIC studies reveal initial surface conditions and their associated immediate sub-surface alloy microstructures generated during creation (i.e. disturbed layers) can dictate whether or not EIC initiation occurs under mechanical loading conditions otherwise sufficient to enable initiation and growth. The plethora of quantitative experimental techniques now available to researchers should enable significant advances towards understanding EIC initiation.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of double pulse TIG welded super austenitic stainless steel butt joints
Authors: John Raj Kumar Philomin R. , Baskaran Adimoolam , Thirumalaikumarasamy Duraisamy , Sonar Tushar , Ivanov Mikhail , Pavendhan Rajangam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to analyze the effect of double pulse tungsten inert gas (DP-TIG) welding on microstructure and mechanical properties of super austenitic SMO 254 stainless steel joints. The butt joints of SMO 254 steel were made using ERNiCrMo-10 filler metal. The microstructural characteristics of different regions of joint were analyzed using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The micrograph of weld metal showed finer equiaxed grains at the middle of weld metal and columnar grains near the weld interface. The SMO 254 steel joints showed the tensile strength of 636 MPa, ductility of 35 %, and impact toughness of 52 J. The fractured surfaces showed ductile mode of failure of joints.
A Joke: On the Plurality of Worlds and Ostrichist
Authors: Moreira Felipe G. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This essay proposes an alternative reading of David Lewis’s On the Plurality of Worlds (OpW) by drawing parallels between this book and a performance by Andy Kaufman, Andy Wrestles the Ladies (AwL). The proposed reading is ultimately grounded by a joke: that it is more credible to believe that similarly to Kaufman in AwL, Lewis impersonated a character in OpW by performing a reductio ad absurdum than to believe that he seriously defended modal realism. After all, to support this thesis is to face countless objections while showing varied lacks of awareness and justifying the attribution to oneself of Ostrichist. The latter abbreviates the predicate, “to act like an ostrich,” attributable to that which lacks varied kinds of awareness in acting in a way comparable to that of a bizarre ostrich that buries its head in the sand for no good reason.
Humanistic Ethics of Humor: The Problematics of Punching Up and Kicking Down
Authors: Hietalahti Jarno 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the very common moral guideline “Punch up, do not kick down.” Our approach is based on humanistic ethics, and through rigorous philosophical analysis, we will show that while the guideline is commendable and well-intentioned, it does not work as a universal rule and should not be used as an ideological tool. Due to the complexity of our social reality and the fluid nature of hierarchies, there may be cases when punching up is problematic, and kicking down is acceptable. Our theoretical addition to the current ethics of humor is that we propose humor should be evaluated in terms of inclusivity and exclusivity as well. In this, Charles Taylor’s concept of strong evaluation will be indispensable.
Large language models are better than theoretical linguists at theoretical linguistics
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Blything Liam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Large language models are better than theoretical linguists at theoretical linguistics, at least in the domain of verb argument structure; explaining why (for example), we can say both The ball rolled and Someone rolled the ball, but not both The man laughed and *Someone laughed the man. Verbal accounts of this phenomenon either do not make precise quantitative predictions at all, or do so only with the help of ancillary assumptions and by-hand data processing. Large language models, on the other hand (taking text-davinci-002 as an example), predict human acceptability ratings for these types of sentences with correlations of around r = 0.9, and themselves constitute theories of language acquisition and representation; theories that instantiate exemplar-, input- and construction-based approaches, though only very loosely. Indeed, large language models succeed where these verbal (i.e., non-computational) linguistic theories fail, precisely because the latter insist – in the service of intuitive interpretability – on simple yet empirically inadequate (over)generalizations.
The empirical turn and its consequences for theoretical syntax
Authors: Abeillé Anne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In a pioneer paper, Featherston (Featherston, Sam. 2007. Data in generative grammar: The stick and the carrot. Theoretical Linguistics 33. 269–318) advocated the use of better controlled data in theoretical linguistics. Despite diverging on many aspects, most syntactic theories are now testing their hypotheses with more data than a few linguists’ intuitions. I will examine the consequences of this empirical turn on two syntactic phenomena: long-distance dependencies (LDD) and ellipsis. In a series of recent experiments (Liu, Yingtong, Elodie Winckel, Anne Abeillé, Barbara Hemforth & Edward Gibson. 2022. Structural, functional and processing perspectives on linguistic islands effects. Annual Review of Linguistics 8. 495–525), most of the syntactic constraints (‘island constraints’) on LDD have shown less crosslinguistic variation and more cross-construction variation than previously thought. Corpus and experimental data have also shown elliptical clauses to be more flexible than expected under deletion-under-identity theories (Poppels, Till. 2022. Explaining ellipsis without identity. The Linguistic Review 39. 341–400). These are challenges for most syntactic theories, which call for taking discourse factors more seriously into account.
Synthesis, biological assessment and molecular docking study of new sulfur-linked 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,3-triazole hybrid derivatives as potential DNA gyrase inhibitors
Authors: El-Naggar Mohamed , Hasan Kamrul , Khanfar Monther , Shehadi Ihsan A. , El-Awady Raafat , El-Dein Asmaa Negm , Abdelmonsef Aboubakr H. , Al-Qawasmeh Raed A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A series of new pyridine-1,2,4-triazole-tagged 1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules were obtained. The new compounds were synthesized via click chemistry of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiopropargyl compounds and various azides. All compounds were fully characterized through their spectroscopic analyses. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity was assessed by screening against three cancer cell lines including human colon carcinoma (HCT116), human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7). In addition, antimicrobial assessment against one gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29,213), two Gram-negative bacteria (Sarcina lutea and Escherichia coli ATCC 25,922) and one fungal (Candida albicans NRRL Y–477) microorganism‏.‏ Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds against DNA gyrase were used to identify their binding ability to the target enzyme. The best docked molecules unveiled binding affinities to the target ranging from −9.5 to −8.8 kcal mol−1. The adsorption, distribution, metabolic, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/Tox) and drug-likeness analyses of the best docked compounds were evaluated using in silico techniques. Based on in vitro and in silico findings, these pyridine-1,2,4-triazole-tagged 1,2,3-triazole hybrid molecules may be helpful in designing potential antimicrobial drug candidates.
Tamm plasmon-induced impressive optical nonlinearity of silver@graphite core–shell nanostructures
Authors: Elamkulavan Hasana Jahan , Keloth Chandrasekharan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate the enhancement in the optical nonlinearity of materials when incorporated within a Tamm plasmon cavity (TPC). This study quantitatively investigates the enhanced nonlinear optical effects exhibited by silver@graphite (Ag@C) core–shell nanostructures integrated within a Tamm plasmon cavity. The Ag@C core–shell nanostructures were synthesized by laser ablation. The transmittance characteristics of the TPC are well-matched with those of the simulated spectra. Nonlinear optical studies, conducted using the open aperture Z-scan technique, demonstrated reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior in the Tamm plasmon cavity structure, and a profound enhancement in nonlinear absorption compared to that of the bare material film was also observed. The optical limiting threshold value was found to be 2.5 J/cm2 which is indeed a better value when compared to the reported values. Computational simulations illustrated a significantly intensified electric field within the Tamm plasmon cavity, suggesting the creation of enhanced photonic states leading to increased light–matter interactions. These findings underscore the potential of Ag@C core–shell nanostructures within Tamm plasmon cavities for advancing nonlinear optical devices and applications.
Muscle-to-Bone Ratio in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players by Position
Authors: Dengel Donald R. , Studee Hannah R. , Juckett William T. , Bosch Tyler A. , Carbuhn Aaron F. , Stanforth Philip R. , Evanoff Nicholas G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Dengel, DR, Studee, HR, Juckett, WT, Bosch, TA, Carbuhn, AF, Stanforth, PR, and Evanoff, NG. Muscle-to-bone ratio in NCAA Division I collegiate football players by position. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1607–1612, 2024—The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players (collegiate football players [CFP]) to healthy, age-matched controls. In addition, we examined MBR in CFP by position. A total of 553 CFP and 261 controls had their total and regional lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), and bone mineral content (BMC) determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). College football players were categorized by positions defined as offensive linemen (OL), defensive linemen (DL), tight end, linebacker (LB), running back (RB), punter or kicker, quarterback (QB), defensive back (DB), and wide receiver (WR). There were significant differences between CFP and controls for total LM (80.1 ± 10.0 vs. 56.9 ± 7.8 kg), FM (22.2 ± 12.5 vs. 15.2 ± 7.1 kg), and BMC (4.3 ± 0.5 vs. 3.1 ± 0.5 kg). Although there were significant differences in body composition between CFP and controls, there was no significant differences in total MBR between CFP and controls (18.6 ± 1.4 vs. 18.8 ± 1.7). Regionally, CFP had significantly lower trunk MBR than controls (26.7 ± 2.7 vs. 28.7 ± 4.2), but no difference was seen in leg or arm MBR. Positional differences in CFP were noted as total MBR being significantly higher in DL (19.0 ± 1.4) than in DB (18.1 ± 1.3), WR (18.1 ± 1.3), and LB (18.2 ± 1.3). OL had a significantly higher total MBR (19.2 ± 1.3) than DB (18.1 ± 1.3), LB (18.2 ± 1.3), QB (18.1 ± 1.0), and WR (18.1 ± 1.3). In addition, RB had significantly higher total MBR (18.8 ± 1.3) than DB (18.1 ± 1.3) and WR (18.1 ± 1.3). This study may provide athletes and training staff with normative values when evaluating total and regional MBR with DXA.