bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency and scalability of a two‐level Schwarz algorithm for incompressible and compressible flows
Authors: Alcin H. , Koobus B. , Allain O. , Dervieux A. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThis paper studies the application of two‐level Schwarz algorithms to several models of computational fluid dynamics. The purpose is to build an algorithm suitable for elliptic and convective models. The subdomain approximated solution relies on the incomplete lower‐upper factorization. The algebraic coupling between the coarse grid and the Schwarz preconditioner is discussed. The deflation method and the balancing domain decomposition method are studied for introducing the coarse‐grid correction as a preconditioner. Standard coarse grids are built with the characteristic or indicator functions of the subdomains. The building of a set of smooth basis functions (analogous to smoothed‐aggregation methods) is considered. A first test problem is the Poisson problem with a discontinuous coefficient. The two options are compared for the standpoint of coarse‐grid consistency and for the gain in scalability of the global Schwarz iteration. The advection–diffusion model is then considered as a second test problem. Extensions to compressible flows (together with incompressible flows for comparison) are then proposed. Parallel applications are presented and their performance measured. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When creativity enhances sales effectiveness: The moderating role of leader–member exchange
Authors: Martinaityte Ieva , Sacramento Claudia A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThis study extends research on creativity by exploring the boundary conditions of the creativity–job effectiveness relationship. Building on social exchange theory, we argue that the extent to which employee creativity is related to sales—an objective work effectiveness measure—depends on the quality of leader–member exchange (LMX). We hypothesize that the relationship between creativity and sales is significant and positive when LMX is high, but not when LMX is low. Hierarchical linear modelling analysis provided support for the interaction hypothesis in a sample of 151 sales agents and 26 supervisors drawn from both pharmaceutical and insurance companies. Results showed that sales agents who were more creative generated higher sales only when they had high‐quality LMX. An ad hoc qualitative study provided a more detailed understanding of the moderator role played by LMX. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening of agro‐industrial wastes for citric acid bioproduction by Aspergillus nigerNRRL 2001 through solid state fermentation
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet S , Brar Satinder K , Kaur Surinder , Verma Mausam 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe citric acid (CA) industry is currently struggling to develop a sustainable and economical process owing to high substrate and energy costs. Increasing interest in the replacement of costly synthetic substrates by renewable waste biomass has fostered research on agro‐industrial wastes and screening of raw materials for economical CA production. The food‐processing industry generates substantial quantities of waste biomass that could be used as a valuable low‐cost fermentation substrate. The present study evaluated the potential of different agro‐industrial wastes, namely apple pomace (AP), brewer's spent grain, citrus waste and sphagnum peat moss, as substrates for solid state CA production using Aspergillus niger NRRL 2001.ResultsAmong the four substrates, AP resulted in highest CA production of 61.06 ± 1.9 g kg−1 dry substrate (DS) after a 72 h incubation period. Based on the screening studies, AP was selected for optimisation studies through response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum CA production of 312.32 g kg−1 DS was achieved at 75% (v/w) moisture and 3% (v/w) methanol after a 144 h incubation period. The validation of RSM‐optimised parameters in plastic trays resulted in maximum CA production of 364.4 ± 4.50 g kg−1 DS after a 120 h incubation period.ConclusionThe study demonstrated the potential of AP as a cheap substrate for higher CA production. This study contributes to knowledge about the future application of carbon rich agro‐industrial wastes for their value addition to CA. It also offers economic and environmental benefits over traditional ways used to dispose off agro‐industrial wastes. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Biovanillin from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour
Authors: Zamzuri Nur Ain , Abd‐Aziz Suraini 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis review provides an overview of biovanillin production from agro wastes as an alternative food flavour. Biovanillin is one of the widely used flavour compounds in the foods, beverages and pharmaceutical industries. An alternative production approach for biovanillin as a food flavour is hoped for due to the high and variable cost of natural vanillin as well as the limited availability of vanilla pods in the market. Natural vanillin refers to the main organic compound that is extracted from the vanilla bean, as compared to biovanillin, which is produced biologically by microorganisms from a natural precursor such as ferulic acid. Biovanillin is also reviewed as a potential bioflavour produced by microbial fermentation in an economically feasible way in the near future. In fact, we briefly discuss natural, synthetic and biovanillin and the types of agro wastes that are useful as sources for bioconversion of ferulic acid into biovanillin. The subsequent part of the review emphasizes the current application of vanillin as well as the utilization of biovanillin as an alternative food flavour. The final part summarizes biovanillin production from agro wastes that could be of benefit as a food flavour derived from potential natural precursors.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Short‐term oxidative lime pretreatment of palm pruning waste for use as animal feedstuff
Authors: Ahmadi Farhad , Rad Abbas Rajaee , Holtzapple Mark T , Zamiri Mohammad Javad 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDOxidative lime pretreatment (OLP) is an effective pretreatment for highly recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of short‐term OLP on fermentative gas production kinetics of date palm prunings. Rachis and petiole were pretreated with excess lime (0.5 g Ca(OH)2 g−1 dry matter) in a reactor charged with 10 bar pure oxygen pressure at different times and temperatures.RESULTSLignin removal was greatly affected by OLP, whereas cellulose was well preserved even after severe pretreatment. After 72 h fermentation, the cumulative gas production was 321.2 mL gas g−1 organic matter (OM) for the most severe pretreatment, compared to 73.6 mL g−1 OM for the untreated rachis. For the petiole pretreated at 120 °C for 280 min, 268 mL gas was produced compared to 59 mL gas g−1 OM for the untreated petiole. Scanning electron microscope images showed the formation of pores (average diameter of 10–12 µm) and carbonate calcium deposits on the surface of treated biomass. An increase in biomass crystallinity was observed in pretreated samples resulting from cellulose enrichment.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that OLP improves the ruminal digestibility of date palm prunings, which may have potential for inclusion in the ruminant diet at low cost.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of peanut skin extract on chemical stability and sensory properties of salami during storage
Authors: Larrauri Mariana , Barrionuevo M Guillermina , Riveros Cecilia , Mestrallet Marta G , Zunino Maria P , Zygadlo Julio A , Grosso Nelson R , Nepote Valeria 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundPeanut skin extracts (PSEs) have proven antioxidant properties in different food products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peanut skin extract as natural preserving compounds on chemical stability and sensory properties of salami during storage.ResultsPSE was obtained with ethanol–water and added during the preparation of salami samples. Raw salami samples were cured and stored at 15 °C and 65% relative humidity. Moisture, peroxide value, conjugated dienes, free fatty acids and sensory descriptive attributes were evaluated on the samples. Peroxide values increased during storage in all samples and were 82.9 in control (salami without additives), 18.0 in salami with 0.2 g kg−1 PSE (E0.02), 13.0 in salami with 1.0 g kg−1 PSE (E0.1), and 0.63 meqO2 kg−1 in salami with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) after 42 days of storage. BHT and E0.1 treatments resulted in a lower increase in the intensity of oxidized flavor and a lower decrease in the intensity of salami flavor.ConclusionChemical indicators and descriptive results indicated that PSE retards lipid oxidation and preserves sensory properties of salami, prolonging its shelf life.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Exercise‐induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder
Authors: Chiang Tendy , Marcinow Anna M. , deSilva Brad W. , Ence B. Nicholas , Lindsey Spencer E. , Forrest L. Arick 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review our experience with the diagnosis and treatment of exercise‐induced paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (EPVFMD).Study Design:Single‐institution retrospective review and cohort analysis.Methods:A single‐institution retrospective review was performed identifying patients with paradoxical vocal fold motion disorder (PVFMD). Patients with isolated exercise‐induced dyspnea were selected for further review. Flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) performed on these patients were reviewed with regard to presence of laryngeal pathology as well as the presence of PVFMD at rest and/or with exertion. The type of therapy was reviewed. Symptom outcomes were graded as complete resolution, improvement, or unchanged following therapy.Results:There were 758 patients who were identified with PVFMD. A total of 104 patients demonstrated symptoms of PVFMD that were only exercise related (EPVFMD). There were 93/104 (89%) patients who underwent a pre‐ and post‐trigger FFL. Of these, 48/93 (52%) patients had no evidence of PVFMD on initial FFL. After subjecting these patients to exertion, 83/93 (89%) had evidence of PVFMD on postexertion FFL, and 39/93 (42%) patients had evidence of PVFMD on both pre‐exertion and postexertion FFL. There were 87/104 (84%) patients who had evidence of laryngeal edema, and 23/104 (23%) had one or more laryngeal lesion on examination. A total of 67 patients were enrolled in laryngeal control therapy and attended at least one session, with 48/67 (72%) demonstrating improvement or complete resolution of their symptoms.Conclusions:The diagnosis of EPVFMD is augmented with the addition of provocation testing. Findings of PVFMD can be identified at rest when asymptomatic. Laryngeal control therapy is an effective treatment for EPVFMD. Laryngoscope, 2013
Measurement of absolute photoluminescence quantum yields using integrating spheres – Which way to go?
Authors: Faulkner D.O. , McDowell J.J. , Price A.J. , Perovic D.D. , Kherani N.P. , Ozin G.A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTwo common methods for recording absolute photoluminescence quantum yields using integrating spheres are discussed. These methods are developed from a theoretical standpoint, with a discussion of the assumptions made in each and their principle differences, and practical comparisons between the two are made using a range of different materials and sample types. It is shown that despite the underlying theoretical differences both methods ultimately yield very similar experimental results. Additionally, the concept of a time‐dependent quantum yield is examined and preliminary studies along these lines are presented in the form of an investigation into the photo‐oxidation of a luminescent polymer film.
Inhibition of bladder cancer by broccoli isothiocyanates sulforaphane and erucin: Characterization, metabolism, and interconversion
Authors: Abbaoui Besma , Riedl Kenneth M. , Ralston Robin A. , Thomas‐Ahner Jennifer M. , Schwartz Steven J. , Clinton Steven K. , Mortazavi Amir 
Published: October 2012

ScopeEpidemiologic evidence suggests diets rich in cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli, are associated with lower bladder cancer risk. Our objectives are to investigate these observations and determine the role of isothiocyanates in primary or secondary bladder cancer prevention.Methods and resultsWe initially investigate the mechanisms whereby broccoli and broccoli sprout extracts and pure isothiocyanates inhibit normal, noninvasive (RT4), and invasive (J82, UMUC3) human urothelial cell viability. Sulforaphane (IC50 = 5.66 ± 1.2 μM) and erucin (IC50 = 8.79 ± 1.3 μM) are found to be the most potent inhibitors and normal cells are least sensitive. This observation is associated with downregulation of survivin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu), G2/M cell cycle accumulation, and apoptosis. In a murine UMUC3 xenograft model, we fed semipurified diets containing 4% broccoli sprouts, or 2% broccoli sprout isothiocyanate extract; or gavaged pure sulforaphane or erucin (each at 295 μmol/kg, similar to dietary exposure); and report tumor weight reduction of 42% (p = 0.02), 42% (p = 0.04), 33% (p = 0.04), and 58% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Sulforaphane and erucin metabolites are present in mouse plasma (micromolar range) and tumor tissue, with N‐acetylcysteine conjugates as the most abundant. Interconversion of sulforaphane and erucin metabolites was observed.ConclusionThis work supports development of fully characterized, novel food products containing broccoli components for phase I/II human studies targeting bladder cancer prevention.
Polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism and transport of soy isoflavones affect the urinary metabolite profile in premenopausal women following consumption of a commercial soy supplement as a single bolus dose
Authors: Wakeling Luisa A. , Ford Dianne 
Published: October 2012

ScopeGenetic variation in relevant enzymes and transporters may contribute to discordant observations concerning health outcomes of dietary isoflavone consumption, so we examined the association of the UGT1A1*28 promoter polymorphism and of other SNPs with isoflavone metabolites in urine.Methods and resultsWe genotyped prospectively for polymorphisms in UGT1A1 (UGT1A1*28), LPH (666G>A), CBG (1368T>A), ABCG2 (421C>A), and ABCC2 (1249G>A) to select 100 women (18–50 years) to receive a commercial soy supplement as a single dose and collect all urine over 24 h for analysis by RP‐HPLC. We observed large differences in isoflavone recovery (mean 39%, eightfold variation) and metabolites. Glucuronides were the major metabolites (72% of total). UGT1A1*28 was associated only with percentage of glycitein as sulphate (positive; p = 0.046), but excluding five participants with both minor alleles of CBG and ABCG2 uncovered additional associations with percentage of glycitein as glucuronide (negative; p = 0.028), combined isoflavones as sulphate (positive; p = 0.035) and sulphate‐to‐glucuronide ratio for combined isoflavones (positive; p = 0.036). CBG1368T>A, ABCG2 421C>A, and ABCC2 1249G>A were also associated with differences in isoflavone metabolites in urine.ConclusionGenetic variation in UGT1A1, CBG, ABCG2, and ABCC2 influences isoflavone metabolism so may affect benefits of dietary consumption.
A high strain‐rate constitutive model for sand and its application in finite‐element analysis of tunnels subjected to blast
Authors: Higgins William , Chakraborty Tanusree , Basu Dipanjan 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe paper presents a constitutive model for simulating the high strain‐rate behavior of sands. Based on the concepts of critical‐state soil mechanics, the bounding surface plasticity theory and the overstress theory of viscoplasticity, the constitutive model simulates the high strain‐rate behavior of sands under uniaxial, triaxial and multi‐axial loading conditions. The model parameters are determined for Ottawa and Fontainebleau sands, and the performance of the model under extreme transient loading conditions is demonstrated through simulations of split Hopkinson pressure bar tests up to a strain rate of 2000/s. The constitutive model is implemented in a finite‐element analysis software Abaqus to analyze underground tunnels in sandy soil subjected to internal blast loads. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effect of relative density and type of sand and of the depth of tunnel on the variation of stresses and deformations in the soil adjacent to the tunnels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antibody‐Capped Mesoporous Nanoscopic Materials: Design of a Probe for the Selective Chromo‐Fluorogenic Detection of Finasteride
Authors: Climent Estela , Martínez‐Máñez Ramón , Maquieira Ángel , Sancenón Félix , Marcos M. Dolores , Brun Eva M. , Soto Juan , Amorós Pedro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) conjugated with an antibody (AB) as a gatekeeper has been carried out in order to obtain a delivery system able to release an entrapped cargo (dye) in the presence of a target molecule (antigen) to which the conjugated antibody binds selectively. In particular, MSN loaded with rhodamine B and functionalized on the external surface with a suitable derivative of N‐(t‐butyl)‐3‐oxo‐(5α,17β)‐4‐aza‐androst‐1‐ene‐17‐carboxamide (finasteride) have been prepared (S1). The addition of polyclonal antibodies against finasteride induced capping of the pores due to the interaction with the anchored hapten‐like finasteride derivative to give a MSN–hapten–AB nanoparticle S1‐AB. It was found that the addition of capped material S1‐AB to water solutions containing finasteride resulted in displacement of the antibody, pore uncapping and entrapped‐dye release. The response of the gated material is highly selective, and only finasteride, among other steroids, was able to induce a significant uncapping process. Compared with finasteride, the finasteride metabolite was able to release 17 % of the dye, whereas the exogen steroids testosterone, metenolone and 16‐β‐hydroxystanozolol only induced very little release of rhodamine B (lower than 10 %) from aqueous suspensions containing sensing solid S1‐AB. A detection limit as low as 20 ppb was found for the fluorimetric detection of finasteride. In order to evaluate a possible application of the material for label‐free detection of finasteride, the capped material was isolated and stored to give final sensing solid S1‐AB‐i. It was found to display a similar behavior towards finasteride as to that shown by freshly prepared S1‐AB; even after a period of two months, no significant loss of selectivity or sensitivity was noted. Moreover, to study the application for the detection of finasteride in biological samples, this “aged” material, S1‐AB‐i, was tested using commercially available blank urine as matrix. Samples containing 70 and 90 % blank urine were spiked with a defined amount of finasteride, and the concentration was determined using capped S1‐AB‐i. Recovery ranges from 94 % to 118 % were reached.
Whole‐genome methylation analysis of benign and malignant colorectal tumours
Authors: Beggs Andrew D , Jones Angela , El‐Bahwary Mona , Abulafi Muti , Hodgson Shirley V , Tomlinson Ian PM 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChanges in DNA methylation, whether hypo‐ or hypermethylation, have been shown to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Methylation changes substantially in the progression from normal mucosa to adenoma and to carcinoma. This phenomenon has not been studied extensively and studies have been restricted to individual CpG islands, rather than taking a whole‐genome approach. We aimed to study genome‐wide methylation changes in colorectal cancer. We obtained 10 fresh‐frozen normal tissue–cancer sample pairs, and five fresh‐frozen adenoma samples. These were run on the lllumina HumanMethylation27 whole‐genome methylation analysis system. Differential methylation between normal tissue, adenoma and carcinoma was analysed using Bayesian regression modelling, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and hierarchical clustering (HC). The highest‐rated individual gene for differential methylation in carcinomas versus normal tissue and adenomas versus normal tissue was GRASP (padjusted = 1.59 × 10–5, BF = 12.62, padjusted = 1.68 × 10–6, BF = 14.53). The highest‐rated gene when comparing carcinomas versus adenomas was ATM (padjusted = 2.0 × 10–4, BF = 10.17). Hierarchical clustering demonstrated poor clustering by the CIMP criteria for methylation. GSEA demonstrated methylation changes in the Netrin–DCC and SLIT–ROBO pathways. Widespread changes in DNA methylation are seen in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. The finding that GRASP, which encodes the general receptor for phosphoinositide 1‐associated scaffold protein, was differentially methylated in colorectal cancer is interesting. This may be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Macrophage plasticity and polarization in tissue repair and remodelling
Authors: Mantovani Alberto , Biswas Subhra K , Galdiero Maria Rosaria , Sica Antonio , Locati Massimo 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMononuclear phagocyte plasticity includes the expression of functions related to the resolution of inflammation, tissue repair and remodelling, particularly when these cells are set in an M2 or an M2‐like activation mode. Macrophages are credited with an essential role in remodelling during ontogenesis. In extraembryonic life, under homeostatic conditions, the macrophage trophic and remodelling functions are recapitulated in tissues such as bone, mammary gland, decidua and placenta. In pathology, macrophages are key components of tissue repair and remodelling that occur during wound healing, allergy, parasite infection and cancer. Interaction with cells bearing stem or progenitor cell properties is likely an important component of the role of macrophages in repair and remodelling. These properties of cells of the monocyte–macrophage lineage may represent a tool and a target for therapeutic exploitation.
RNF43 is a tumour suppressor gene mutated in mucinous tumours of the ovary
Authors: Ryland Georgina L , Hunter Sally M , Doyle Maria A , Rowley Simone M , Christie Michael , Allan Prue E , Bowtell David DL ,   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group,, Gorringe Kylie L , Campbell Ian G 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMucinous carcinomas represent a distinct morphological subtype which can arise from several organ sites, including the ovary, and their genetic characteristics are largely under‐described. Exome sequencing of 12 primary mucinous ovarian tumours identified RNF43 as the most frequently somatically mutated novel gene, secondary to KRAS and mutated at a frequency equal to that of TP53 and BRAF. Further screening of RNF43 in a larger cohort of ovarian tumours identified additional mutations, with a total frequency of 2/22 (9%) in mucinous ovarian borderline tumours and 6/29 (21%) in mucinous ovarian carcinomas. Seven mutations were predicted to truncate the protein and one missense mutation was predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Six tumours had allelic imbalance at the RNF43 locus, with loss of the wild‐type allele. The mutation spectrum strongly suggests that RNF43 is an important tumour suppressor gene in mucinous ovarian tumours, similar to its reported role in mucinous pancreatic precancerous cysts. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.