bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forensic Science Investigation of a Balloon Accident
Authors: Aguilar J 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This manuscript describes techniques undertaken to recreate the sequence of events that transpired after a hot air balloon made contact with an electrical power line. After the pilot's clothing was examined, the source of the fire in relation to the gondola and the pilot was established. Also determined through postmortem examination were the sequence of the three deaths, the probable heights from which two of the three passengers jumped, the setting where each body landed, and the causes of death for all three passengers. Finally, it was concluded, after correlating the autopsy findings with those of the scene investigation, that the proximate cause of the accident was pilot error.
Density Gradient Analysis of Single Polyester Fibers
Authors: Bresee RR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The densities of single poly(ethylene terephthalate)-based commercial fibers from 14 different yarn bobbins were measured to five significant figures. The densities of three of these fibers were also measured after each of three treatments representing two different laundering methods and one outdoor exposure. The density gradient method was found to be a sensitive tool for discrimination among the yarn types when new as well as after each of the three treatments. In addition, the method was able to discriminate among fibers from the same yarn bobbin but which were in each of the four states examined. Density gradient analysis demonstrated little ability to identify the fiber type of an unknown sample. Consequently, the main value of density gradient analysis of fibers clearly lies in its ability to discriminate among fibers of similar origin.
Successful Suicide by Self-Inflicted Multiple Stab Wounds of the Skull, Abdomen, and Chest
Authors: Fekete JF , Fox AD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A case is presented of a 53-year-old white male who successfully committed suicide by stabbing himself in the abdomen and chest, after which he was driven 11 km (seven miles) to a church without anybody noticing his wounds. In the church he finished his task by stabbing himself through the calvarium.
Identification of Dextropropoxyphene and Its Diastereoisomers
Authors: Newby NR , Hughes RB 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The specific diastereoisomer of a suspected propoxyphene sample can be identified by thin-layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, or nuclear magnetic resonance. If the sample is α-propoxyphene, the optical isomer must be identified by crystal tests, polarimetry, or melting point. This paper describes spectroscopic methods and physical properties that can be used to identify the four diastereoisomers and two racemates of propoxyphene. Of the four diastereoisomers, only the controlled α-d-propoxyphene and the noncontrolled α-l-propoxyphene forms are commercially available.
A Thin-Layer Chromatographic Procedure for Confirming the Presence and Identity of Smokeless Powder Flakes
Authors: Peak SA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A simple and inexpensive procedure to confirm the identity of unburned or partially burned flakes of smokeless powder is described. The procedure is based on (1) particle morphology and solubility in acetone, (2) Rf values of the flakes when they are chromatographed on thin-layer chromatographic plates, and (3) specificity of the visualizing reagent to nitrite.
Gustafson's Method for Age Determination from Teeth—A Modification for the Use of Dentists in Identification Teams
Authors: Metzger Z , Buchner A , Gorsky M 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Gustafson's method for age determination from teeth is based on the evaluation of ground sections of teeth. Six age-associated parameters are evaluated in the ground section and are compared to a regression curve of age versus the age-associated changes. Two of these changes, transparency of radicular dentin and secondary dentin, have the highest correlation with age. The evaluation of these parameters only from thin (0.25-mm) ground sections may lead to an artificially high “secondary dentin value” and “transparent dentin value.” These artifacts may be caused by the attempt to include the whole pulp chamber and root canal in a 0.25-mm-thick ground section and by an accidental overgrinding of the apical area of the root, respectively. These artifacts were encountered occasionally even in ground sections prepared by highly trained personnel and became more frequent in ground sections prepared by a person who, though trained, did not use this technique daily. A modification of the data-collecting method is suggested to make possible the use of thick (1.0-mm) ground sections for the evaluation of most of the aging criteria, thereby eliminating the possible inaccuracies in the preparation and evaluation of the thin (0.25-mm) ground sections.
Differentiation of Fetal and Adult Bloodstains by Pyrolysis-Gas-Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Clausen PK , Rowe WF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the differentiation of adult and fetal bloodstains. In a blind-coded study, five adult and three fetal bloodstains were correctly identified on the basis of the pyrograms of stain extracts. The differentiation between adult and fetal bloodstains is based on the peak height ratio of two long-retention-time peaks appearing in their pyrograms. The first of these peaks has been tentatively identified as indole derived from the pyrolysis of tryptophan, while the second peak is an as-yet unidentified molecular fragment produced by the pyrolysis of some component of the hemoglobin molecule other than the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine.
A Study of the Use of 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol as a Trace Metal Detection Reagent
Authors: Kokocinski CW , Brundage DJ , Nicol JD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A 0.5% 2-nitroso-1-naphthol acetone solution was studied for its potential as a trace metal detection reagent. A metal object must be held for approximately 1.5 min for satisfactory color and pattern formation to be observed by this procedure. Metal ions transferred through a brief period of holding can be detected within 3 h. Best results were obtained on individuals with high levels of perspiration. That more than one metallic object was held can be revealed if the objects are made of different metals or have distinct shapes or sizes.
“Typical” Basal Skull Fracture of Both Petrous Bones" An Unreliable Indicator of Head Impact Site
Authors: Harvey FH , Jones AM 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A basilar skull fracture that extends along both petrous bones is generally considered to be a response to impacts to the lateral aspects of the head. This generalization is not warranted as such a fracture often results from impacts to any point around the base of the skull or to the chin. These facts were appreciated as long ago as 1905 but present-day literature does not adequately reflect them. Eight carefully selected autopsy cases of fatal blunt head injury with well-documented single head impact sites and bilateral petrous bone fractures are presented. They illustrate the variety of impact sites that may produce bilateral petrous bone skull fractures.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, Aspermia, and Alcoholism in Rape Cases
Authors: Enos WF , Beyer JC 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In a few alleged rape cases, examination of vaginal secretions will be negative for spermatozoa but positive for significant levels of prostatic acid phosphatase. These laboratory results can occur in cases in which the accused is known to have sired children. The most common etiologic factors for the aspermia are vasectomies and chronic alcoholism with or without cirrhosis.
The Preparation of d-Pseudococaine from l-Cocaine
Authors: Siegel JA , Cormier RA 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
d-Pseudococaine, a diastereoisomer of cocaine, is prepared from l-cocaine by the action of strong base that epimerizes the carbomethoxy group at C-2 to the equatorial position and transesterifies the ester at C-3. The benzoate ester is regenerated by reaction with benzoyl chloride. The d-pseudococaine thus prepared is then subjected to a variety of instrumental and analytical techniques to effect its characterization. The tests done are those commonly used in forensic science laboratories for cocaine analysis. With these data, a laboratory can eliminate or confirm pseudococaine in such an analysis.
Chemical Reagents for the Development of Latent Fingerprints. III: Visualization of Latent Fingerprints by Fluorescent Reagents in Vapor Phase
Authors: Almog J , Gabay A 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The use of certain fluorescing vapor-phase chemicals for the development of latent fingerprints is described. Some advantages of these chemicals over other methods that use fluorescers are discussed.
Distribution of Gene Frequencies and Discrimination Probabilities for 22 Human Blood Genetic Systems in Four Racial Groups
Authors: Grunbaum BW , Selvin S , Myhre BA , Pace N 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Gene frequencies were computed in four racial categories from 5956 blood donors from California, Hawaii, Mexico City, and Texas. Calculations were based on the phenotypic distribution of 22 blood genetic systems including 7 blood groups and 15 genetically controlled polymorphic proteins and enzymes. Matching probabilities for 20 systems were approximately 1 in 100 000 Asians, 1 in 200 000 blacks, 1 in 330 000 Mexicans, and 1 in 1 000 000 whites. The complementary discrimination probability, which measures the likelihood that two random individuals do not match, was, for practical purposes, unity. The combined new technology for blood grouping and electrophoresis using cellulose acetate membranes provides a powerful individualizing and discriminating tool for forensic science investigation.
Thrombocytopenia in Small-for-Gestational-Age Infants
Authors: Christensen Robert D. , Baer Vickie L. , Henry Erick , Snow Gregory L. , Butler Allison , Sola-Visner Martha C. 
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND:
Thrombocytopenia is common among small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates (birth weight &lt;10th percentile reference range), but several aspects of this thrombocytopenia are unclear, including the incidence, typical nadir, duration, association with preeclampsia, mechanism, and risk of death.

METHODS:
Using 9 years of multihospital records, we studied SGA neonates with ≥2 platelet counts &lt;150 000/μL in their first week.

RESULTS:
We found first-week thrombocytopenia in 31% (905 of 2891) of SGA neonates versus 10% of non-SGA matched controls (P &lt; .0001). Of the 905, 102 had a recognized cause of thrombocytopenia (disseminated intravascular coagulation, early-onset sepsis, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). This group had a 65% mortality rate. The remaining 803 did not have an obvious cause for their thrombocytopenia, and we called this “thrombocytopenia of SGA.” They had a mortality rate of 2% (P &lt; .0001) and a mean nadir count on day 4 of 93 000/μL (SD 51 580/μL, 10th percentile 50 000/μL, 90th percentile 175 000/μL). By day 14, platelet counts were ≥150 000/μL in more than half of the patients. Severely SGA neonates (&lt;1st percentile) had lower counts and longer thrombocytopenia duration (P &lt; .001). High nucleated red cell counts at birth correlated with low platelets (P &lt; .0001). Platelet transfusions were given to 23%, and counts typically more than tripled. Thrombocytopenia was more associated with SGA status than with the diagnosis of maternal preeclampsia.

CONCLUSIONS:
SGA neonates with clearly recognized varieties of thrombocytopenia have a high mortality rate. In contrast, thrombocytopenia of SGA is a hyporegenerative condition of moderate severity and 2 weeks’ duration and is associated with evidence of intrauterine hypoxia and a low mortality rate.
CÁTALOGO DE EPÍFITAS VASCULARES DEL SECTOR EL SILENCIO (PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL PARAMILLO) Y ZONA AMORTIGUADORA, CÓRDOBA, COLOMBIA
Authors: RUIZ VEGA Rosalba , ESQUIVEL BERRIO Cesar , SALGADO CRUZ Adolfo , SAAB RAMOS Heidy 
Published: July 2015

<p>Se presenta el catálogo de la vegetación epifita vascular de un sector del Parque Nacional Natural Paramillo (PNNP) y zona amortiguadora (Córdoba, Colombia). Se realizaron muestreos en un área de 0,1 hectárea, donde se colectaron todas las epífitas vasculares distribuidas en los forófitos que presentaron un DAP ≥2,5 cm en cuatro sectores, El Silencio (interior del PNNP), Tuis Tuis, Tuis Tuis Arriba y Alto de Chibogadó (zona amortiguadora), correspondientes al bosque húmedo tropical (Bh-T) en el municipio de Tierralta. Se encontraron 2504 individuos de epífitas vasculares. El catálogo contiene 73 especies distribuidas en 41 géneros y 18 familias. El sector Tuis Tuis presentó el mayor número de especies (33). Las familias mejor representadas corresponden a las Araceae, Bromeliaceae y Orchidaceae, destacándose por mayor número de especies y géneros la familia Orchidaceae (20/15). Los géneros más diversos fueron <em>Anthurium</em> con ocho especies, <em>Guzmania</em> seis, <em>Tillandsia</em> y <em>Aechmea</em> con cinco cada uno. Los helechos reúnen solo el 6 % de la flora epifita. Se reportan nuevos registros de especies para el departamento de Córdoba (39), ampliando el rango de distribución de este grupo de plantas en el país. </p><p><strong>Catalogue of Vascular Epiphytic Sector Silencio (Natural National Park Paramillo) and Buffer Zone, Cordoba, Colombia</strong></p><p>The catalogue of the vascular epiphyte vegetation of Silencio sector (Paramillo National Natural Park) and buffer zone (Córdoba) is showed. Sampling was conducted in an area of 0,1 ha, collecting all vascular epiphytes distributed in phorophytes with a DAP≥2,5 cm, in four sectors. Collections were performed in the Silencio sectors (PNNP), Tuis Tuis, Tuis Tuis Arriba and Alto Chibogadó (buffer zone) of the tropical rain forest (Bh -T) in Tierralta town. 2504 individuals were recorded as vascular epiphytes. The catalog includes 73 species in 41 genera and 18 families. The sector Tuis Tuis showed the greatest representation of species (33). The families with the highest representation corresponds to Araceae, Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae families. The Orchidaceae family had the highest diversity with 20 species and 15 genera. The most diverse genera were <em>Anthurium</em> with eight species, <em>Guzmania </em>with six species and <em>Aechmea</em> and <em>Tillandsia</em> with five species each one. Ferns are presented only in 6 % of the epiphytic plants. 39 new species records for the department of Córdoba - Colombia are reported, extending the range of distribution of this group of plants in the country.</p>
RABIA TRANSMITIDA POR MURCIÉLAGOS EN BRASIL
Authors: FAHL Willian Oliveira , GARCIA Andrea Isabel Estevez , ACHKAR Samira Maria , MORI Enio , ASANO Karen Miyuki , IAMAMOTO Keila , SCHEFFER Karin Correa 
Published: July 2015

<p>Frente al desafío que la rabia representa para la industria pecuaria y la salud pública en América Latina, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de literatura amplia y crítica sobre la epidemiología de la rabia transmitida por murciélagos en Brasil. El tema es abordado inicialmente desde una perspectiva histórica hasta la caracterización molecular de aislamientos del virus, para finalmente contrastar con la situación de otros países de las Américas. La información referente a Brasil es presentada de manera separada debido a la gran abundancia de especies de murciélagos de diversos hábitos alimenticios, implicadas en la transmisión del virus de la rabia y las complejas relaciones entre los ciclos epidemiológicos revelados por estudios de tipificación antigénica y análisis filogenético, lo cual ha permitido reconocer con más nitidez, la importancia de los quirópteros como reservorios y transmisores de esta enfermedad. Este nuevo escenario epidemiológico exige reexaminar las medidas de control aplicadas hasta el momento, desde un abordaje multidisciplinar, así como cooperación intersectorial y participación por parte de la comunidad. </p><p><strong>Rabies Transmitted by Bats in Brazil</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong>Considering that rabies represents a challenge for the livestock industry and public health in Latin America, this article is intended to do a comprehensive and critical literature review on the epidemiology of rabies transmitted by bats in Brazil. The subject is addressed from a historical perspective to molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates and finally making a contrast with other countries of the Americas. Information concerning Brazil is presented separately because of the abundance of bats species with different feeding habits, involved in the transmission of rabies virus and the complex relationships between epidemiological cycles in this country, which have been disclosed by antigenic typing and phylogenetic analysis. This has allowed to recognize more clearly the importance of bats as reservoirs and transmitters of this disease. This new epidemiological scenario requires reappraising current control measures, using a multidisciplinary approach, intersectoral cooperation and community participation</p><p align="center"> </p>
DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DEL BOSQUE SECO TROPICAL EN EL VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA
Authors: ALVARADO-SOLANO Diana Patricia , OTERO OSPINA Joel Tupac 
Published: July 2015

<p>En el departamento del Valle del Cauca, la distribución de Bosque Seco Tropical (BsT) se ha asociado al valle geográfico del río Cauca ubicado en la zona plana. Actualmente en esta zona, su cobertura se ha reducido a pocos relictos que se encuentran bajo alguna figura de conservación y mantienen áreas representativas de las formaciones vegetales típicas de este bioma. Este trabajo se enfocó en el reconocimiento de la distribución espacial de formaciones vegetales de BsT en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. Se empleó información cartográfica secundaria para reconocer los biomas, ecosistemas y usos del suelo del área de estudio y en zonas adyacentes del piedemonte y montañas. Un modelo digital de elevaciones fue utilizado para realizar análisis altitudinales. En un sistema de información geográfico se aplicaron técnicas de geoprocesamiento y análisis geoespacial entre la información cartográfica y satelital. Los resultados evidencian que pese al avanzado deterioro de las coberturas de bosque seco en la zona plana, alrededor del 80 % se localiza en ecosistemas de montaña, específicamente en zonas de transición hacia bosques húmedos. A futuro, el potencial de estas áreas deberá evaluarse en para ser incluidas estrategias de conservación y restauración del bosque seco así como en el diseño de procesos adaptativos frente al cambio climático.</p><p><strong>Spatial Distribution of Tropical Dry Forest in Valle Del Cauca, Colombia</strong></p><p>The distribution of tropical dry forest in the department of Valle del Cauca, has been associated with the geographic Cauca valley. Currently in this area, dry forest coverages has been reduced to a few relicts, which are found under some protection figure and also hold representative areas of the typical vegetation of this biome. This work is focused on the spatial distribution of BsT vegetation formations in the Department of Valle del Cauca. Secondary cartographic information was used to recognize biomes, ecosystems and land uses in the study area and over adjacent areas of the piedmont and mountains. A digital elevation model was used to perform altitudinal analysis. The results showed that despite the high human disturbance of dry forest in the flat area, about 80 % is located in montain ecosystems, specially on transition zones towards humid forests. In the future, the potential of these areas to be included in dry forest conservation and restoration strategies and also adaptive mechanisms in facing climate change should be evaluated.</p>
Merleau-Ponty e a herança hegeliana da dialética
Authors: Silva Claudinei Aparecido de Freitas da 
Published: July 2015

Sabe-se que, ao ganhar expressão na obra de Hegel, a dialética ainda terá uma repercussão decisiva no debate contemporâneo. Amostra disso é a sua recepção no seio da tradição fenomenológica inaugurada por Husserl, e que tem, nas figuras de Sartre e de Merleau- Ponty, duas referências emblemáticas. Meu objetivo, aqui, consiste em fazer um sumário balanço dessa herança conceitual nas mãos desse último autor. Quer dizer: partindo da própria matriz hegeliana, ao situar o seu alcance e os seus limites, trata-se de cortejar a inflexão operada pela noção merleau-pontyana de “hiperdialética”, ou seja, uma “dialética sem síntese”. O que Merleau-Ponty retrata é o reconhecimento, na dialética, de uma atitude “autocrítica” no sentido de que ela não pode ser nem o “ser para si” nem o “ser em si”. Sua dimensão “hiper” acentua, sobremaneira, um movimento de “ir além”, de “transcender” toda polaridade rígida, isto é, de desconstruir toda síntese final positiva indiferente ao sentido ambíguo da experiência e da história no coração da contingência.
Saber, abstração e poder na Dialética do esclarecimento: um comentário crítico
Authors: Freitas Verlaine 
Published: July 2015

Este artigo aborda criticamente alguns conceitos referentes ao vínculo entre racionalidade, abstração e poder, tomados em contraste com a noção de mímesis, tal como Adorno e Horkheimer concebem na Dialética do esclarecimento. Partindo da diferenciação de quatro conceitos de esclarecimento, procuramos demonstrar o caráter inadequado da equalização entre esclarecimento e exercício violento e ideológico do poder, mostrando como o conceito de abstração, que nos parece servir de base para o primeiro capítulo daquela obra, permite delinear melhor a cisão entre as formas de conhecimento miméticas e as que lhe sucederam, tomando como ponto de partida a concepção mítica grega arcaica.
Utopia em Jonas e Levinas
Authors: Carrara Ozanan Vicente 
Published: July 2015

Jonas e Levinas são dois nomes intimamente associados à ética contemporânea. Embora não sejam nomes ligados, de maneira inequívoca, ao pensamento utópico, contribuem, no entanto, de maneira decisiva, para repensar a utopia. Proponho-me buscar nos dois autores e em seus textos os elementos de sua leitura crítica que permitem analisar e repensar a questão da utopia tal como ela se encontra formulada pelos pensadores a ela mais diretamente associados como Bloch, Buber e Bacon.
Sobre a generosidade: uma abordagem contemporânea da ética cartesiana
Authors: Oliveira Érico Andrade M. 
Published: July 2015

O objetivo do meu artigo consiste em apresentar o conceito de generosidade como principal vetor para compreensão da moral cartesiana. Meu ponto éque esse conceito consegue, por um lado, articular diferentes paixões como humildade, amizade e amor numa mesma rede conceitual com o foco num projeto moral comum e, por outro, ele permite mostrar como Descartes articula num mesmo patamar razão e paixão para determinar a melhor forma de conduta humana. Com essa caracterização da generosidade acredito que é possível associar a ética cartesiana às preocupações da ética do cuidado, pelo menos, no sentido que a generosidade pode ser compreendida como uma disposição afetiva para a solicitude, para o cuidado.
Uma exceção
Authors: Garcia Tristan 
Published: July 2015

A filosofia francesa até Brunschvicg e Bergson está saturada de obras - do ensaio sobre a contingência de Boutroux até a questão das causas e da possibilidade de ação em Maurice Blondel - igualmente atormentadas pela questão da perfuração (trouée) da vontade livre no cerne dos sistemas científicos e filosóficos ingleses e alemães. A própria França surge como a esperança de encarnar algum nicho de exceção na universalidade anglo-saxónica e germânica, entre as novas ciências da Natureza ou da cultura, de qual ela não é mais o principal fornecedor. As obras espiritualistas francesas são frequentemente feitas de inversões de Kant ou Hegel, que encontram nas margens desses sistemas seu próprio centro. Portanto, eles se apegam à liberdade, à vontade da pessoa como a uma exceção de seus pensamentos, em torno do qual as filosofias francesas tentam reconstruir outra universalidade, nem a do conhecimento e da ciência, mas muitas vezes da ação.