bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human APOBEC3G‐mediated hypermutation is associated with antiretroviral therapy failure in HIV‐1 subtype C‐infected individuals
Authors: Neogi Ujjwal , Shet Anita , Sahoo Pravat Nalini , Bontell Irene , Ekstrand Maria L , Banerjea Akhil C , Sonnerborg Anders 
Published: February 2013

IntroductionHuman APOBEC3G/F (hA3G/F) restricts retroviral replication through G‐to‐A hypermutations, which can generate drug‐resistant progenies in vitro. The clinical relevance is still inconclusive. To bridge this gap, we aim to study the role of these hypermutations in evolution of drug resistance; we characterised hA3G/F‐mediated hypermutations in the RT region of the pol gene of patients with or without antiretroviral therapy (ART).MethodsIn 88 HIV‐1‐positive individuals, drug resistance genotyping was carried out in plasma virus and provirus by population sequencing. Hypermutations were determined by three different approaches using Hypermut 2.0 software, cluster analysis and APOBEC3G‐mediated defectives indices. Clinical and demographic characteristics of these individuals were studied in relation to these hypermutations.ResultshA3G/F‐mediated hypermutated sequences in proviral DNA, but not in plasma virus, were identified in 11.4% (10/88) subjects. Proviral hypermutations were observed more frequently in patients with ART failure than in ART‐naïve individuals (p=0.03). In therapy failure patients, proviral hypermutation were associated with greater intra‐compartmental genetic diversity (p<0.001). In therapy‐naïve individuals, hypermutated proviral DNA with M184I and M230I mutations due to the editing of hA3G, had stop codons in the open reading frames and the same mutations were absent in the plasma virus. Only a limited concordance was found between the drug resistance mutations in plasma RNA and proviral DNA.ConclusionshA3G lethal hypermutation was significantly associated with ART failure in Indian HIV‐1 subtype C patients. It is unlikely that viral variants, which exhibit hypermutated sequences and M184I and/or M230I, will mature and expand in vivo.
Program og åpning av konferansen
Authors: Sara Ole K. 
Published: February 2013

NORs formann Ole K. Sara åpnet konferansen kl 1400 28 september 1981, og den ble avsluttet kl 1500 onsdag 30 september. Temaet "Tap av rein" ble inngående drøftet gjennom foredrag, diskusjoner og gruppearbeid.
Serum Concentrations of Antibiotics During Severe Invasive Surgery Such as Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Owaki Tetsuhiro , Okumura Hiroshi , Uchikado Yasuto , Sasaki Ken , Matsumoto Masataka , Omoto Itaru , Setoyama Tetsuro , Kita Yoshiaki , Sakurai Toshihide , Matsushita Daisuke , Ishigami Sumiya , Ueno Shinichi , Natsugoe Shoji 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study was performed to confirm the antibiotic regimen during a severe invasive surgery, such as esophagectomy, with a long procedure and a large amount of normal volumes of infusion. Ten patients with esophageal cancer were enrolled in this study, and cefmetazole sodium concentrations in serum were measured during esophagectomy. The ranges of minimum inhibitory concentrations for 90% of isolates of cefmetazole sodium for microorganisms in our institutions for 8 years were investigated. The maximum concentration was 83.9 μg/mL just after the completion of infusion, and its half-life was 1.5 hours. Serum concentration of cefmetazole sodium was kept above 16 μg/mL for 4 hours during esophagectomy. It was kept above 32 μg/mL for 2.5 hours after injection. There are almost no differences in the pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole sodium between common use and during esophagectomy. In addition, additive infusion of antibiotics 4 hours after the first infusion was recommended during esophagectomy.
Colorectal Cancer With Multiple Metachronous Metastasis Achieving Complete Remission 14 Years After Surgical Resection: Report of a Case
Authors: Murono Koji , Kawai Kazushige , Kazama Shinsuke , Tsuno Nelson H. , Sunami Eiji , Kitayama Joji , Watanabe Toshiaki 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A 63-year-old man underwent a colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer in 1997. The upper lobe of his left lung and his left adrenal gland were resected because of metachronous metastases, 7 and 10 years after the initial surgery, respectively. Recurrence of metastases to the middle lobe of the right lung and left adrenal gland were sequentially detected in 2007, and a multimodal therapy, consisting of the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, was conducted since 2007. The chemotherapy included drugs such as FOLFOX, FOLFIRI, bevacizumab, capecitabine, and cetuximab. In 2011, the complete response of all metastatic lesions could be achieved, and no recurrence was detected for more than 1 year. In spite of repeated recurrences, by the combination of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, the complete response could be achieved 14 years after the initial surgical resection, which can be attributed to the development of new treatment modalities and new agents for colorectal cancer.
Surgical Site Infection and Validity of Staged Surgical Procedure in Emergent/Urgent Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Uchino Motoi , Ikeuchi Hiroki , Matsuoka Hiroki , Takahashi Yoshiko , Tomita Naohiro , Takesue Yoshio 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Although restorative proctocolectomy is recognized as a standard procedure for ulcerative colitis, infectious complications after surgery cannot be disregarded. The aim of this study was to define predictors of surgical site infection (SSI) in urgent/emergent surgery for ulcerative colitis. We performed prospective SSI surveillance for 90 consecutive patients. Possible risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression analyses. Incidences of incisional SSI (i-SSI) and organ/space SSI were 31.1% and 6.9%, respectively, and increased significantly with higher wound class (P &lt; 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed wound class ≥3 as an independent risk factor for i-SSI. In univariate analysis, although the mucous fistula procedure was a risk factor for i-SSI (odds ratio, 3.45; P &lt; 0.01), Hartmann procedure also represented a risk factor for o-SSI (odds ratio, 12.8; P &lt; 0.01). Urgent restorative proctocolectomy for patients without high wound class and emergent total colectomy with mucous fistula for patients with high wound class appear to represent feasible options.
The Power of a Co‐witness: When More Power Leads to More Conformity
Authors: Carol Rolando N. , Carlucci Marianna E. , Eaton Asia A. , Wright Daniel B. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe effect of the power dynamic between co‐witnesses on memory conformity for images was investigated. Participant–confederate pairs were first presented with 50 images on a computer and then were randomly assigned to one of three social power role combinations analogous to those present in the workplace: manager and subordinate, subordinate and manager, or collaborators with equal power and status. After role assignment (but without ever engaging in the role‐related tasks), pairs were tested on whether each of 100 images (50 old and 50 new) had or had not been shown previously. Confederates always responded before participants. Subordinates were significantly less likely to conform than managers. Findings are discussed in light of the work‐related facet of social power and memory distortion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic Gold‐ and Silver‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of Propargylic Ureas: A Selective Entry to Oxazolidin‐2‐imines and Imidazolidin‐2‐ones
Authors: Pereshivko Olga P. , Peshkov Vsevolod A. , Jacobs Jeroen , Meervelt Luc Van , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA comparative study on transition metal‐catalyzed cycloisomerizations of propargylic ureas derived in situ from secondary propargylic amines and tosyl isocyanate was performed. The influence of catalytic system on the reaction outcome was thoroughly studied on two model examples resulting in the establishment of two selective protocols for both O‐ and N‐cyclizations. The application of cationic gold(I) catalysis generally resulted in a formation of oxazolidin‐2‐imines as major products while the application of silver(I) triflate selectively provided the corresponding imidazolidin‐2‐ones. An attempt to rationalize the observed chemoselectivity is described. The scope of both processes was demonstrated through the use of variously substituted secondary propargylic amines.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Denitrogenative C‐3‐Arylation of 1H‐Indoles with Arylhydrazines using Air as the Oxidant
Authors: Chen Yongxin , Guo Shuaibo , Li Kangning , Qu Jinpeng , Yuan Hua , Hua Qiuru , Chen Baohua 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA novel palladium‐catalyzed approach to direct C‐3‐arylation of 1H‐indoles with arylhydrazines using air as the oxidant via CN bond cleavage has been developed. Various substituents are tolerated in this system in moderate to good yields. This reaction could also be compatible with a larger scale. Thus, this strategy using arylhydrazines as arylating reagents provides a powerful method for constructing substituted 3‐aryl‐1H‐indoles.
Conformational Disorder Enhances Solubility and Photovoltaic Performance of a Thiophene–Quinoxaline Copolymer
Authors: Wang Ergang , Bergqvist Jonas , Vandewal Koen , Ma Zaifei , Hou Lintao , Lundin Angelica , Himmelberger Scott , Salleo Alberto , Müller Christian , Inganäs Olle , Zhang Fengling , Andersson Mats R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe side‐chain architecture of alternating copolymers based on thiophene and quinoxaline (TQ) is found to strongly influence the solubility and photovoltaic performance. In particular, TQ polymers with different linear or branched alkyloxy‐phenyl side chains on the quinoxaline unit are compared. Attaching the linear alkyloxy side‐chain segment at the meta‐ instead of the para‐position of the phenyl ring reduces the planarity of the backbone as well as the ability to order. However, the delocalisation across the backbone is not affected, which permits the design of high‐performance TQ polymers that do not aggregate in solution. The use of branched meta‐(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy‐phenyl side‐chains results in a TQ polymer with an intermediate degree of order. The reduced tendency for aggregation of TQ polymers with linear meta‐alkyloxy‐phenyl persists in the solid state. As a result, it is possible to avoid the decrease in charge‐transfer state energy that is observed for bulk‐heterojunction blends of more ordered TQ polymers and fullerenes. The associated gain in open‐circuit voltage of disordered TQ:fullerene solar cells, accompanied by a higher short‐circuit current density, leads to a higher power conversion efficiency overall. Thus, in contrast to other donor polymers, for TQ polymers there is no need to compromise between solubility and photovoltaic performance.
Personality as a Predictor of General Health in Captive Golden Snub‐Nosed Monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
Authors: JIN JIAN , SU YANJIE , TAO YUJING , GUO SIYUAN , YU ZEYING 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIncreasing studies in human and animals have shown that personality is related to biological profile and affects health outcomes. Understanding the link between personality and health will contribute to preventing illness and promoting well‐being in non‐human primates. The present study examined whether personality predicted health outcomes in captive golden snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana). Personality was measured by rating on a list of traits and four factors (Aggressiveness, Sociability, Mellowness, and Excitability) were extracted. Morbidity was measured by occurrence, duration, and number of illnesses, as well as (mean and maximum) digestive dysfunction symptoms scores. Morbidity measurements were coded from illness history which was recorded during the 27 months since the personality assessment. The results showed that lower Aggressiveness predicted greater number of illness, longer illness duration, and more serious digestive dysfunction. In addition, Mellowness, Excitability, and age by Sociability interaction influenced digestive function significantly. Low mellow individuals, high excitable individuals, high sociable younger individuals and low sociable older individuals had poorer digestive function. The present study demonstrated that personality was associated with morbidity in captiveR. roxellanaeand stress might contribute to this association. Personality assessment provided useful information on individual vulnerability. Carefully looking for early signs of illness among vulnerable individuals is expected to reduce health risks, which would promote welfare in captive non‐human primates. Am. J. Primatol. 75:524‐533, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional Morphology of the Female Genital Organs in the Peruvian Red Uakari Monkey (Cacajao Calvus Ucayalii)
Authors: MAYOR PEDRO , BOWLER MARK , LÓPEZ‐PLANA CARLOS 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFunctional morphology may provide important information that could improve methodologies for the diagnosis of the reproductive phase of females, and develop assisted breeding techniques for wildlife. This study examined features of genital organs in 19 Peruvian red uakari monkey (Cacajao calvus ucayalii) females in different reproductive stages, collected from wild animals hunted for food by rural communities in the North‐eastern Peruvian Amazon, in order to provide knowledge on the reproductive physiology of this species. The observed mean ovulation rate was 1.4 follicles, and the observed maximal follicle diameter was 0.8 cm. After ovulation, the matured follicle luteinizes resulting in functional CL. In case of oocyte fertilization, the pregnancy CL grows to a maximum of 1.2 cm in diameter, and luteal volume per female decreases related to the advance of pregnancy. Pregnant females also present follicular activity until late pregnancy, but non‐ovulated follicles do not undergo atretic processes and apparently transform to accessory CL, resulting in a contribution of 30% of the total luteal volume. All pregnant females delivered a single fetus at term, resulting in a rate of reproductive wastage of 20% of oocytes or embryos. The endometrium and the endometrial glands in non‐pregnant females in the follicular phase show a significant increase related to the follicular growth, reaching a high proliferation in non‐pregnant females in the luteal phase. The red uakari monkey showed different vaginal epithelium features in accordance with the reproductive state of the female, suggesting that vaginal cytology could be a successful methodology with which to characterize the estrous cycle of this species. The present reproductive evaluation of the Peruvian red uakari monkey provides important information that could improve the development of assisted reproductive techniques in non‐human primates. Am. J. Primatol. 75:545‐554, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Removal of chromium(VI) Ions from aqueous solutions with protonated crosslinked chitosan
Authors: Huang Ruihua , Yang Bingchao , Liu Qian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis articles provided information on Cr(VI) adsorption onto protonated crosslinked chitosan particles (PCPs) as an adsorbent. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and coexisting ions on the adsorption capacity and the regeneration ability of the adsorbent. The equilibrium data fit well with the Freundlich and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. The presence of other anions weakened Cr(VI) adsorption, especially high‐valence anion such as sulfate. PCP could be regenerated well by a 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution. Electrostatic attraction was the main driving force for Cr(VI) adsorption. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Novel atmospheric plasma enhanced chitosan nanofiber/gauze composite wound dressings
Authors: Nawalakhe Rupesh , Shi Quan , Vitchuli Narendiran , Noar Jesse , Caldwell Jane M. , Breidt Frederick , Bourham Mohamed A. , Zhang Xiangwu , McCord Marian G. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractElectrospun chitosan nanofibers were deposited onto atmospheric plasma treated cotton gauze to create a novel composite bandage with higher adhesion, better handling properties, enhanced bioactivity, and moisture management. Plasma treatment of the gauze substrate was performed to improve the durability of the nanofiber/gauze interface. The chitosan nanofibers were electrospun at 3–7% concentration in trifluoroacetic acid. The composite bandages were analyzed using peel, gelbo flex, antimicrobial assay, moisture vapor transmission rate, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), absorbency, and air permeability tests. The peel test showed that plasma treatment of the substrate increased the adhesion between nanofiber layers and gauze substrate by up to four times. Atmospheric plasma pretreatment of the gauze fabric prior to electrospinning significantly reduced degradation of the nanofiber layer due to repetitive flexing. The chitosan nanofiber layer contributes significantly to the antimicrobial properties of the bandage. Air permeability and moisture vapor transport were reduced due to the presence of a nanofiber layer upon the substrate. XPS of the plasma treated cotton substrate showed formation of active sites on the surface, decrease in carbon content, and increase in oxygen content as compared to the untreated gauze. Deposition of chitosan nanofibers also increased the absorbency of gauze substrate. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Chemical Regulation of Carbon Quantum Dots from Synthesis to Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Hu Shengliang , Tian Ruixue , Wu Lingling , Zhao Qing , Yang Jinlong , Liu Jun , Cao Shirui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractCarbon quantum dots (CQDs) were synthesized by heating various carbon sources in HNO3 solution at reflux, and the effects of HNO3 concentration on the size of the CQDs were investigated. Furthermore, the oxygen‐containing surface groups of as‐prepared CQDs were selectively reduced by NaBH4, leading to new surface states. The experimental results show that the sizes of CQDs can be tuned by HNO3 concentration and then influence their photoluminescent behaviors; the photoluminescent properties are related to both the size and surface state of the CQDs, but the photocatalytic activities are determined by surface states alone. The different oxygen‐containing groups on the surface of the CQDs can induce different degrees of the band bending upward, which determine the separation and combination of the electron–hole pairs. The high upward band bending, which is induced by CO and COOH groups, facilitates separation of the electron–hole pairs and then enhances high photocatalytic activity. In contrast, the low upward band bending induced by COH groups hardly prevents the electron–hole pairs from surface recombination and then exhibits strong photoluminescence. Therefore, both the photocatalytic activities and optical properties of CQDs can be tuned by their surface states.
Optimization of bus routing strategies for evacuation
Authors: Zheng Hong 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYEfficient transportation of evacuees during an emergency has long been recognized as a challenging issue. This paper investigates emergency evacuation strategies that rely on public transit, where buses run continuously, rather than fixed route, based upon the spatial and temporal information of evacuee needs. We formulated an optimal bus operating strategy that minimizes the exposed casualty time rather than operational cost, as a deterministic mixed‐integer program, and investigated the solution algorithm. A Lagrangian‐relaxation‐based solution algorithm was developed for the proposed model. Numerical experiments with different problem sizes were conducted to evaluate the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Praxis: Mobilising Critical Race Theory in Community Cultural Development
Authors: Sonn Christopher C. , Quayle Amy F. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTRace remains a significant issue in the lives of many people in Australia. For example, Indigenous Australians lives continue to be marked by social and economic disadvantage and everyday experiences of exclusion. Within this context, the Community Arts Network Western Australia promote social change and the empowerment of Indigenous groups through community cultural development. With an emphasis on community strengths and resources, community arts practice is employed to create, promote, and improve opportunities for participation, network development and empowerment. In this article, we explore these projects from a community psychology orientation, which is committed to developing opportunities for inclusion and also exposing the workings of power in everyday settings. Although there have been many positive outcomes that have resulted from the different activities with communities, there have also been significant barriers to transformative practice, in particular, issues of racialisation and continuing colonisation. We discuss our efforts aimed at understanding racism, which have included engaging with critical race theory and whiteness studies within the context of Indigenous and non‐Indigenous partnerships for change. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Noble Metals on the Strength of Brønsted Acid Sites in Bifunctional Zeolites
Authors: Santi Dominic , Rabl Sandra , Calemma Vincenzo , Dyballa Michael , Hunger Michael , Weitkamp Jens 
Published: February 2013

Abstract1H magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR and FTIR spectroscopy with deuterated acetonitrile and pyridine as probe molecules, respectively, were used to study the strength of Brønsted acid sites in Pt‐ and Ir‐modified zeolites Y and Beta in comparison with the materials in their H,Na forms. For both types of zeolites, the following sequence of the acid strengths was found: zeolites in their H,Na form>Pt‐modified zeolites>Ir‐modified zeolites. As the 1H MAS NMR signals of the bridging OH groups (Si(OH)Al) in the noble‐metal‐modified zeolites have the same spectroscopic properties as those observed in the materials in the H,Na forms, no direct influence of the noble metals on the nature of the hydroxyl protons or on the local structure of Si(OH)Al groups is expected. However, it is suggested that noble metals in these bifunctional zeolite catalysts are involved in charge transfer with neighboring framework atoms, which affects the mean framework electronegativity of the zeolites under study. This effect causes a variation of the acid strength of the Si(OH)Al groups similar to that observed for zeolites with different framework Al contents.
Robust Regulation of Alkalinity in Highly Uncertain Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Authors: Alcaraz‐González Víctor , Fregoso‐Sanchez Fabián Azael , Mendez‐Acosta Hugo Oscar , Gonzalez‐Alvarez Victor 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) model‐based robust control scheme is proposed for the indirect control of both total alkalinity and the ratio (intermediate alkalinity)/(total alkalinity) by regulating volatile fatty acid concentrations and strong ions concentration, while guaranteeing the so‐called operational stability in anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. The proposed MIMO regulator is an adaptive controller derived from an AD model which incorporates the physicochemical equilibrium of the system as well as the use of a robust interval observer to estimate key process bounds that are used in the computation of the control efforts. Numerical simulations were carried out for a number of operating conditions under the most uncertain scenarios. Results showed that the proposed multivariable control law is able to recover the system stability around a pre‐determined set point in the face of parameter uncertainty and load disturbances.