bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiopaque iodinated ethers of poly(vinyl iodobenzyl ether)s: Synthesis and evaluation for endovascular embolization
Authors: Agusti Géraldine , Jordan Olivier , Andersen Gert , Doelker Éric , Chevalier Yves 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTLeachable‐free radiopaque iodinated polymers were designed as long‐lived embolization materials visible by X‐ray tomography. This is a definite improvement over liquid embolics incorporating either radiopaque inorganic particles or iodinated polymers having hydrolysable ester bonds. Grafting 4‐iodobenzyl or 2,3,5‐triiodobenzyl groups to poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) yields iodobenzyl ethers of PVAL having iodine contents in the range 40–70 wt %. Their solubility in solvents accepted for medical devices (DMSO and NMP), viscosity of concentrated solutions, precipitation behavior, radiopacity, and stability with respect to sterilization and hydrolysis were assessed. The solvent NMP allows the preparation of concentrated solutions of suitable viscosity for their application as liquid embolics. Precipitation in water yields a cohesive mass of material that can plug vascular malformations. A rationale to the properties is given in terms of the Hansen contributions to the Hildebrand solubility parameters. Iodobenzyl ethers of PVA resist hydrolysis whereas their corresponding iodobenzoyl esters leach iodinated fragments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41791.
Kinetics of the propylene polymerization with prepolymerization at high temperature using Ziegler‐Natta catalyst
Authors: Tan Ning , Yu Luqiang , Tan Zhong , Mao Bingquan 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe bulk polymerization of propylene in liquid monomers with Ziegler‐Natta catalyst at 95°C is studied, using alkyl aluminum as the cocatalyst and dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane as the external donor. The highest catalyst activity is shown at the cocatalyst/Ti molar ratio of 300, which keeps relatively constant with the molar ratio increasing from 300 to 800. Besides, the catalyst activity is up to 65 kgPP/(gCat*h) in the range of cocatalyst/donor molar ratio from 12 to 16. The polymerization reaction rate curves with and without catalyst precontacting are similar, while the activity with catalyst precontacting are higher than that without precontacting. Furthermore, the kinetics of polymerization with and without prepolymerization are investigated in the range of the polymerization temperature from 70 to 95°C. It shows that at the high temperature, the polymerization rate increases with prepolymerization. Finally, the influence of prepolymerization at 95°C on the polymerization kinetics and particle properties is also described. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41816.
Properties and curing behavior of reactive blended allyl novolak with bismaleimide using dicumyl peroxide as a novel curing agent
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wang Rumin , Farhan Shameel , Zheng Shuirong 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTFor reducing the cure temperature and improving the thermal stability and mechanical properties, a thermosetting resin system composed of novolak and bismaleimide (BMI) was developed by reactive blending and using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a novel curing agent. Novolak was allylated and reacted with BMI to produce bismaleimide allylated novolak (BAN), and the effect of DCP on flexural, impact and heat distortion temperature of cured resin were investigated. On the basis of improved mechanical and thermal properties at 0.5% DCP contents, the curing behavior of DCP/BAN resin system was evaluated by DSC analysis. Ene, Diels‐Alder, homo‐polymerization and alternating copolymerization which occurred in DCP/BAN resin system were further verified using FTIR at sequential cure conditions from 140 to 200°C. Kissinger and Ozawa‐Flynn‐wall methods were used to optimize the process and curing reactions of DCP/BAN resin system. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% DCP in BAN reduced the curing temperature and time of the modified resin. For evaluating process ability of the modified system, composite samples using polyvinyl acetyl fiber were molded and tested for flexural properties. The resulting samples showed better flexural properties when compared with the composite made with neat BAN. The modified 0.5% DCP/BAN resin system with good mechanical properties and manufacturability can be used for making bulk molding compounds and fiber reinforced composites required in various commercial and aerospace applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41829.
Using heterozygosity–fitness correlations to study inbreeding depression in an isolated population of white‐tailed deer founded by few individuals
Authors: Brommer Jon E. , Kekkonen Jaana , Wikström Mikael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFCs) may reflect inbreeding depression, but the extent to which they do so is debated. HFCs are particularly likely to occur after demographic disturbances such as population bottleneck or admixture. We here study HFC in an introduced and isolated ungulate population of white‐tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus in Finland founded in 1934 by four individuals. A total of 422 ≥ 1‐year‐old white‐tailed deer were collected in the 2012 hunting season in southern Finland and genotyped for 14 microsatellite loci. We find significant identity disequilibrium as estimated by g2. Heterozygosity was positively associated with size‐ and age‐corrected body mass, but not with jaw size or (in males) antler score. Because of the relatively high identity disequilibrium, heterozygosity of the marker panel explained 51% of variation in inbreeding. Inbreeding explained approximately 4% of the variation in body mass and is thus a minor, although significant source of variation in body mass in this population. The study of HFC is attractive for game‐ and conservation‐oriented wildlife management because it presents an affordable and readily used approach for genetic monitoring that allowing identification of fitness costs associated with genetic substructuring in what may seem like a homogeneous population.
Diagnostic potential of 1‐step nucleic acid amplification assay in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma based on CK19 expression in a primary lesion
Authors: Suzuki Masahiro , Matsuzuka Takashi , Hashimoto Yuko , Ikeda Masakazu , Saijo Satoshi , Omori Koichi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of CK19 expression in the primary lesions of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma on the diagnosis of the cervical lymph node (CLN) metastasis using the 1‐step nucleic acid amplification assay.MethodsPrimary lesions and 54 CLNs were resected from 21 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between 2009 and 2011. Each CLN was tested by the 1‐step nucleic acid amplification assay, and the CK19 mRNA copy number obtained was compared to the corresponding histopathological results.ResultsIn the primary lesion CK19‐positive group, the sensitivity and specificity of the 1‐step nucleic acid amplification assay against hematoxylin‐eosin staining were 86% and 100%, respectively. The p value by Fisher's exact test was < .0001, indicating statistical significance.ConclusionThese results suggest that 1‐step nucleic acid amplification offers similar diagnostic potential to that of histopathological diagnosis of CLN biopsy in patients with a CK19‐positive primary lesion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E239–E245, 2016
Midcheek endoscopic anatomy
Authors: Abbate Vincenzo , Romano Antonio , AlQahtani Abdulaziz , Manfuso Alfonso , Hirt Bernhard , Castelnuovo Paolo , Califano Luigi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundSurgical approaches to the midcheek area are challenging. Recent clinical reports have proposed minimally endoscopic approach again, in order to obtain to obtain a correct balance between the operation's safety and the cosmetic and minimally invasive outcome, but none of them provides a careful anatomic description of the midcheek area. The purpose of this study was to provide a new anatomic perception of the midcheek area through a detailed anatomic endoscopic‐assisted dissection.MethodsFour freshly injected cadaver heads were dissected to illustrate the endoscopic anatomy of the midcheek region.ResultsAn endoscope provided an excellent surgical window that achieved greater exposure for dissection and at the same time improved magnification of the noble key anatomic elements.ConclusionThis study emphasizes the critical role of the transverse facial artery and the facial retaining ligaments as a fundamental endoscopic landmark that allows the identification of key anatomic structures and the creation of safe surgical corridors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E268–E273, 2016
Long‐term swallowing after chemoradiotherapy: Prospective study of functional and patient‐reported changes over time
Authors: Frowen Jacqui , Drosdowsky Allison , Perry Alison , Corry June 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis prospective study evaluated long‐term swallowing outcomes and associated risk factors 5 years postchemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.MethodsFollowing an earlier study of 69 patients, 39 patients had patient‐reported activity and quality of life (QOL) data collected. Twenty‐one patients also underwent a videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS).ResultsBetween 6 months and 5 years posttreatment, patient‐reported activity for solid foods significantly improved (p < .001), returning to pretreatment levels for 74% of patients. On VFSS, swallowing function for semisolids declined, with 5 patients demonstrating a clinically significant deterioration. Factors that predicted poorer long‐term swallowing were the same as at 6 months, with the addition of older age and disease stage.ConclusionAlthough long‐term patient‐reported activity improves and swallowing‐related QOL is high, up to 24% of patients may demonstrate a clinically significant deterioration in swallowing function at 5 years posttreatment. This divergence suggests a degree of adaptation that patients develop, which warrants further investigation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E307–E315, 2016
SPEEK/cSMM membrane for simultaneous electricity generation and wastewater treatment in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Mayahi Alireza , Ilbeygi Hamid , Ismail Ahmad Fauzi , Jaafar Juhana , Daud Wan Ramli Wan , Emadzadeh Daryoush , Shamsaei Ezzatollah , Martin Darren , Rahbari‐Sisakht Masoud , Ghasemi Mostafa , Zaidi Javaid 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) membranes and their modifications are viewed as arguably the most promising in microbial fuel cell (MFC) applications due to their non‐fluorinated base, superior chemical stability, and lower costs compared with Nafion membranes. In this work, SPEEK membranes with different degrees of sulfonation (DSs) (60% to 76%) and blended with charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM) were used as electrolytes in an MFC for simultaneous electricity generation and wastewater treatment.RESULTSPerformance evaluation of newly fabricated membranes was carried out and was compared with that of Nafion 117. The MFC with SPEEK76/cSMM generated about 16.5% higher maximum power density (172.1 mW m−2) than that with Nafion 117 (143.7 mW m−2). In addition, the SPEEK76/cSMM exhibited the highest coulombic efficiency (CE) of 17.6%, which was 21.6% higher than that of Nafion 117 (13.8%). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of all characterized membranes was above 80% in our particular MFC.CONCLUSIONMFC is a suitable method for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation. SPEEK76/cSMM is a promising membrane to be applied in MFC. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient associated with pathological grade of lung carcinoma, before therapy
Authors: Liu Haidong , Liu Ying , Yu Tielian , Ye Ning , Wang Qing 
Published: December 2014

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility and utility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in predicting the tumor cellular density and grades of lung cancers.Materials and MethodsForty‐one consecutive patients (26 men and 15 women; mean age, 59.9 years) with histologically proven lung cancers were enrolled in the study and underwent MR examination. ADC values and tumor cellular density of different histological grades were analyzed. The relationship of the ADC with tumor cellular density and grades were also evaluated.ResultsThe ADC values of lung cancer in grade III was significantly lower than those in grade I and grade II (P = 0.008 and 0.011, respectively). The cellular density in grade III was significantly higher than other two grades (P = 0.029 and 0.022, respectively). ADC value of lung cancer correlated negatively with grades and tumor cellular density (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). According to the ROC analysis, the cutoff value of ADC was 1.175 × 10−3 mm2/s with the optimal sensitivity (88.2%) and specificity (62.5%), respectively.ConclusionADC measurement of lung cancer was a helpful method to evaluate the pathological grade and tumor cellular density. The quantitative analysis of ADC in conjunction with conventional MR findings could provide more valuable information for the assessment of pulmonary tumor. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:595–601.
Reliability of magnetic resonance elastography using multislice two‐dimensional spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) and three‐dimensional inversion reconstruction for assessing renal stiffness
Authors: Low Gavin , Owen Nicola E. , Joubert Ilse , Patterson Andrew J. , Graves Martin J. , Glaser Kevin J. , Alexander Graeme J.M. , Lomas David J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTo evaluate the reliability of MRE using a spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging (SE‐EPI) renal MRE technique in healthy volunteers.MethodsInstitutional review board approved prospective study in which all participants provided written informed consent. Sixteen healthy volunteers comprising seven males and nine females with a median age of 35 years (age range: 23 to 59 years) were included. Coronal 90 Hz and 60 Hz MRE acquisitions were performed twice within a 30‐min interval between examinations. Renal MRE reliability was assessed by (i) test–retest repeatability, and (ii) inter‐rater agreement between two independent readers. The MRE‐measured averaged renal stiffness values were evaluated using: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland‐Altman and the within‐subject coefficient of variation (COV).ResultsFor test–retest repeatability, Bland‐Altman showed a mean stiffness difference between examinations of 0.07 kPa (95% limits of agreement: −1.41, 1.54) at 90 Hz and 0.01 kPa (95% limits of agreement: −0.51, 0.53) at 60 Hz. Coefficient of repeatability was 1.47 kPa and 0.52 kPa at 90 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively. The within‐subject COV was 13.6% and 7.7% at 90 Hz and 60 Hz, respectively. ICC values were 0.922 and 0.907 for test–retest repeatability and 0.998 and 0.989 for inter‐rater agreement, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionSE‐EPI renal MRE is a reliable technique. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:844–850.
Spatiotemporal consistency of local neural activities: A new imaging measure for functional MRI data
Authors: Dong Li , Luo Cheng , Cao Weifang , Zhang Rui , Gong Jinnan , Gong Diankun , Yao Dezhong 
Published: December 2014

PurposeTo characterize the local consistency by integrating temporal and spatial information in the local region using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Materials and MethodsOne simulation was implemented to explain the definition of FOur‐dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA). Then three experiments included resting state data (33 subjects), resting state reproducibility data (16 subjects), and event state data (motor execution task, 26 subjects) were designed. Finally, FOCA were respectively analyzed using statistical analysis methods, such as one‐sample t‐test and paired t‐test, etc.ResultsDuring resting state (Experiment 1), the FOCA values (P < 0.05, family‐wise error [FWE] corrected, voxel size >621 mm3) were found to be distinct at the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, angular gyrus, and precuneus/cuneus. In Experiment 2 (reproducibility), a high degree of consistency within subjects (correlation ≈0.8) and between subjects (correlation ≈0.6) of FOCA were obtained. Comparing event with resting state in Experiment 3, enhanced FOCA (P < 0.05, FWE‐corrected, voxel size >621 mm3) was observed mainly in the precentral gyrus and lingual gyrus.ConclusionThese findings suggest that FOCA has the potential to provide further information that will help to better understand brain function in neural imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:729–736.
Thermo‐Responsive Microcapsules Based on Guar Gum Derivatives
Authors: Eggers Katharina , Szopinski Daniel , Luinstra Gerrit A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMicrocapsules were prepared from sustainable origin by complex coacervation in a two phase system of water/tetrachloroethylene containing gelatin and guar gum derivatives. Furan modified carboxymethyl guar gum and a bismaleimide‐PEG‐crosslinker were used to obtain thermo‐sensitive Diels‐Alder crosslinking points in the capsule wall. Stimuli‐induced disintegration of the microcapsules can be achieved at elevated temperatures.
Donor‐Acceptor Type π‐Conjugated Copolymers Based on Soluble Benzodifuranone
Authors: Kimoto Atsushi , Tajima Yusuke 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe designed a soluble building block containing a backbone based on benzodifuranone (BDF), a high‐performance pigment, to form a novel donor‐acceptor type polymer. By attaching dodecylthienyl moiety to the less soluble BDF framework, the soluble BDF monomer was readily obtained and applied to Suzuki‐Miyaura condensation with electron‐rich carbazole moiety to form a new class of low‐bandgap polymers. The structural characterization and estimation of the molecular weight of the target π‐conjugated polymer (PCTBDF) was carried out by 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. We determined its optical and electrochemical properties, investigating how they were affected by different molecular weights. The HOMO and LUMO energy levels were estimated to be typically –5.5 and –3.8 eV, respectively.
Drug Delivery From Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate Scaffolds Produced by DLC Based Micro‐Stereolithography
Authors: Vehse Mark , Petersen Svea , Sternberg Katrin , Schmitz Klaus‐Peter , Seitz Hermann 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIn this study, the production of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) scaffolds by micro‐stereolithography based on diode laser curing (DLC) is demonstrated. Sample scaffolds are also loaded with acetylsalicylic acid (ASS) as model drug. The samples are immersed in physiological NaCl solution and the drug release characteristics are tested. We show that DLC is a useful technique to prepare drug‐loaded PEGDA scaffolds. The compressive strength of the enriched and DLC‐cured PEGDA is between 7 and 10 MPa, dependent on ASS concentration. ASS free samples reach 14 MPa. The release experiments show an initial burst release phase and the ASS is released within the first 3 hours.
Double Layer Porous Structures by an Injection Molding/Particulate Leaching Approach
Authors: Saatchi Mersa , Behl Marc , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2014

SummaryScaffolds as a temporary substitute for the extracellular matrix should provide interconnected pores and often require a multilayer design to mimic the geometry and biomechanics of the target tissue. Here, it was explored whether bilayer porous structures can be obtained by a process free of organic solvents and how the individual layers contribute to the overall elastic properties. Porous layers were obtained from polyurethane (PU) blends with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which were immersed in water after sequential injection molding. Pore sizes in both layers ranged from 1 μm to 100 μm with an average of 22 ± 1 μm at a porosity of 50 ± 5% in combination with a high interconnectivity. The pore sizes were tailored by applying an annealing treatment, while the porosity was kept constant. Mechanical properties of the individual layers and the double layer constructs as determined by tensile tests suggested that the overall elasticity of the compact bilayer construct and porous bilayer construct was in agreement with the predicted overall elasticity according to the rule of mixtures. The porous bilayer model system will serve as a basis for determining structure‐property relationships with respect to pore size, porosity as well as mechanical properties of individual layers and in this way enable a knowledge‐based design of layered scaffolds.
Prospective Effects of Possible Selves on Alcohol Consumption in Adolescents
Authors: Lee Chia‐Kuei , Corte Colleen , Stein Karen F. , Park Chang G. , Finnegan Lorna , McCreary Linda L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPossible selves, cognitions about the self that reflect hopes, fears, and expectations for the future, are reliable predictors of health risk behaviors but have not been explored as predictors of adolescents' alcohol use. In a secondary analysis of data from 137 adolescents, we examined the influence of possible selves assessed in eighth grade on alcohol consumption (yes/no and level of use) in ninth grade. Having a most important feared possible self related to academics in eighth grade predicted alcohol abstinence in ninth grade. Among those who reported alcohol use, having many hoped‐for possible selves and a most important hoped‐for possible self related to academics in eighth grade predicted lower level of alcohol consumption in ninth grade. Interventions that foster the personal relevance and importance of academics and lead to the development of hoped‐for possible selves may reduce adolescents' alcohol consumption. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuropsychological late effects of treatment for acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Roncadin Caroline , Hitzler Johann , Downie Andrea , Montour‐Proulx Isabelle , Alyman Cheryl , Cairney Elizabeth , Spiegler Brenda J. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) have an elevated risk of developing acute leukemia, but little is known about treatment‐related neuropsychological morbidity because they are systematically excluded from research in this area. The current study investigated neuropsychological outcomes in children with DS treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) compared to children with DS with no history of cancer.ProcedureParticipants were 4 to 17 years of age at testing and were administered measures of intelligence, academic achievement, language, visual‐motor and fine‐motor skills, and adaptive function. Patients had been off treatment for at least 2 years.ResultsThe AML group (N = 12) had significantly lower verbal intelligence and receptive vocabulary compared to controls (N = 21). By contrast, the ALL group (N = 14) performed significantly worse than controls on measures of verbal intelligence, spelling, receptive and expressive vocabulary, visual‐motor skills, and adaptive function.ConclusionsPatients with DS treated for AML may have specific post‐treatment morbidity in verbal function, whereas those treated for ALL have broader morbidity affecting multiple neuropsychological domains and overall adaptive function. We hypothesize that the broader impairment profile of ALL survivors may be related to a combination of the longer duration of central nervous system‐directed treatment for ALL compared to AML and the concomitant limited access to intervention opportunities during active treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:854–858. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.