bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribological Properties of Motor Oil with Nanodiamond Additive tested for steel friction surfaces with different hardnesses
Authors: Ivanov M. , Smirnov S. , Pavlyshko S. , Ivanov D. , Brenner D. , Shenderova O. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTSynergistic compositions of detonation nanodiamond (ND) particles in the form of 100nm aggregates in combination with molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate were used as additives to 10W40 oils. Ring-on-disk tribological tests were performed under high load conditions using friction pairs with different hardnesses, namely normalized-normalized (“soft/soft”) and normalized-quenched (“soft/hard”) steel samples. For the “soft/hard” steel friction pair NDs provide significant reduction in both the coefficient of friction and wear as well as demonstrate polishing. For the “soft/soft” steel friction pair, however, no difference in the coefficients of friction was observed when the base oil was used with or without ND. In the test with oil containing the ND additive, the wear scar in the disk was wider, but more shallow, than in the test with pure oil. Current tests indicate that the significance of the reduction of friction and wear of the sliding surfaces in the presence of the ND additive in oil strongly depends on the hardness of the friction surfaces and most probably is connected with ND polishing effect.
Chemical Bias Coupled Photoelectrochemical Zero Bias Hydrogen Generation Utilizing Self-Assembled TiO2 Nanoarchitecture Electrode
Authors: Sato Masataka , Kamo Yoichi , Sakamaki Kenji 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPhotoelectrochemical zero bias hydrogen generation has been achieved with self-assembled nanoporous anatase type TiO2 (SANAT) photoelectrode and chemical bias. The SANAT fabricated using halogen free conventional electrolytes by anodization exhibits more than 2 times superior performance to rutile single crystal electrodes in photoelectrolysis of water. The chemical bias assisted cell consists of two separate compartments connected by a liquid junction. The SANAT anode is immersed in alkaline electrolyte, Pt cathode is in acidic electrolyte. The use of electrolytes of two different pH values produces a chemical bias of 0.059 ∆pH V due to the proton concentration gradient. Under zero bias condition, photocurrent sufficient for photolysis of water was observed. Hydrogen evolution was visible at counter electrode without the application of any external voltage. We call this system fuel type photoelectrochemical zero bias hydrogen generation or water splitting.
A Compact Planar Magnetron Plasma Sputtering Device for TiO2 Deposition
Authors: Villamayor Michelle Marie S. , Doi Kenta , Cruz Edna Mae D. , Avenir Freya Gay J. , Wada Motoi , Ramos Henry J. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA Compact Planar Magnetron Plasma Sputtering Deposition Device (CPM-PSDD) has been used to deposit TiO2 on silicon, glass and cotton cloth. An 80 mm diameter Ti target was placed at the cathode and was sputtered by argon-oxygen plasma with 10-20 mA discharge current and -300 V to -450 V discharge potential. Reactive oxygen gas fed into the system at 13:1 Ar:O2 sccm ratio for the deposition durations between one to four hours. The deposited films exhibited both anatase and rutile phases. Cotton cloths were dipped in methyl blue to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the film.
Immobilization of diamond nanocrystals on graphene
Authors: Lange Sven , Pille Annika , Kiisk Valter , Kahro Tauno , Alles Harry , Sildos Ilmo 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTImmobilization of fluorescent nanoparticles on graphene is an important step in the assembly of certain graphene-based photonic devices as well as in optical visualization of graphene and its defects. Hereby we report a viable approach to deposit diamond nanoparticles on a wide-area graphene substrate. It is demonstrated that a suitable plasma treatment leads to a selective immobilization of deposited nanodiamond on graphene with practically no agglomeration. Absence of photoemission from the individual adsorbed diamond nanoparticles suggests an energy transfer from the excited N-V centers to graphene.
Autopercepção e qualidade vocal de estudantes de jornalismo
Authors: Santos Ana Alice Leal dos , Pereira Eliane Cristina , Marcolino Juliana , Dassiê-Leite Ana Paula 
Published: June 2014

Objetivo relacionar dados da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva queixa e autopercepção vocal de estudantes de Jornalismo. Métodos trata-se de estudo observacional, descritivo, transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva, realizado na Universidade Estadual do Centro Oeste/UNICENTRO-PR. Participaram 41 estudantes de Jornalismo, sendo 27 do sexo feminino e 14 do sexo masculino. Foi aplicado um protocolo para coleta de dados de identificação e de queixas de voz, bem como foram feitos registros vocais com emissão sustentada da vogal “a”; e encadeada (contagem de números e meses do ano). Tais registros foram analisados por um fonoaudiólogo especialista em voz quanto à qualidade vocal (adaptada ou alterada). Os estudantes também responderam ao protocolo “Termos descritivos sobre a voz”;. Resultados mesmo apresentando vozes adaptadas, os estudantes apresentaram queixas vocais. As queixas mais comuns referiram-se a alterações de pitch, produção fonêmica, qualidade vocal e velocidade de fala. Os estudantes que apresentaram qualidade vocal adaptada mencionaram maior quantidade de termos positivos referentes à autopercepção. Não houve diferença na comparação entre a quantidade média de termos positivos e negativos apresentados pelo grupo. Os termos positivos mais referidos foram: voz simpática, expressiva, confiante, feminina, forte e dócil. Os negativos foram: voz desafinada, instável, oscilante, irregular, rápida, anasalada, baixa e tímida. Conclusão mesmo com vozes adaptadas do ponto de vista perceptivo-auditivo, acadêmicos de jornalismo referem queixas vocais, provavelmente pela demanda imposta durante a graduação.
Toll‐Like Receptor 4–Mediated Hyper‐Responsiveness of Gingival Epithelial Cells to Lipopolysaccharide in High‐Glucose Environments
Authors: Yang Xi , Zhang Jincai , Ni Jia , Ouyang Bin , Wang Dan , Luo Shigao , Xie Baoyi , Xuan Dongying 
Published: May 2014

Background: Increasing evidence indicates that diabetes mellitus increases the incidence and severity of periodontitis. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) play a role in the pathogenic processes of diabetes and its complications, but the effect of high glucose on TLRs in patients with diabetes and periodontitis is still unclear.Methods: Two kinds of diabetes rat models were established. Human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) were established and challenged with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the context of high glucose in vitro. The expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were detected using immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and flow cytometry. The TLR4 inhibitor ethyl (6R)‐6‐[(2‐chloro‐4‐fluorophenyl)sulfamoyl]cyclohexene‐1‐carboxylate (TAK‐242) was applied to block the TLR4 in HGECs, and the inflammatory factors were detected by qRT‐PCR.Results: The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in gingival tissue from both rat diabetes models was significantly increased compared with that of healthy controls. Moreover, TLR4 expression was also markedly increased in HGECs incubated with high glucose. The expression of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 were significantly increased in HGECs while challenged with LPS in the context of high glucose; however, the expression inflammatory cytokines were decreased significantly, whereas TLR4 was blocked by TAK‐242.Conclusion: High glucose contributes to an upregulated expression of TLR4 in gingival epithelium, and TLR4‐dependent inflammatory response may promote the susceptibility to periodontitis in patients with diabetes.
An Experimental Study of CO2-Brine Relative Permeability in Sandstone
Authors: Chen Xiongyu , Kianinejad Amir , DiCarlo David A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We present an experimental study on CO2-brine relative permeability in a Berea sandstone core at 1500 psi and 20 °C. Recently, there have been many experimental studies on CO2 relative permeability, but most of them determined the relative permeabilities only using the total pressure drop across a core sample; this pressure drop can be strongly affected by the capillary end effect, especially for a low viscosity fluid like CO2. In order to minimize the capillary end effect, we chose a long (61 cm) and low permeability (49 mD) core such that the capillary pressure in the core is negligible compared with the total pressure drop across the core. In addition, we used a core holder with four pressure taps that allow us to measure the pressure drops of the five continuous sections of the core. Capillary end effect was detected in our experimental results and was isolated to the most upstream and most downstream sections of the core. And the middle three sections are considered with minimized capillary end effect and the average of the relative permeabilities in middle three sections are taken as the best measurements. In summary, our experiments obtained a CO2 end point relative permeability of 0.4~0.8 and a brine end point relative permeability of 0.04~0.08, which are very similar to oil-brine end point relative permeabilities in water-wet sandstone.
Wireless Retrofit Solutions to Replace Failed Permanent Downhole Gauges: Case Study in a Gas Well
Authors: Green Annabel , Bowden Neil , Halvorsen Martin 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A retrofit wireless gauge was installed into a dry gas well and provided downhole pressure and temperature data for over a year before being retrieved. This paper discusses the installation of the system, a comparison of modelled vs. actual telemetry characteristics and a critical analysis of the gauge performance with lessons learnt.
Troll is Norway's largest gas reservoir and has been on-line since 1996. Production is expected to continue for many decades. Declining pressure means that surface compression is required to drive production and an accurate understanding of reservoir pressure and decline is critical to meeting contractual gas deliveries and achieving recovery targets. As an alternative option to retrofit permanent downhole gauges, the operator was seeking intervention based solutions to enable data collection if permanent gauges are not available.
The pressure and temperature data from the installed gauge was compressed and transmitted via a pressure pulse telegram to surface. The telemetry system used a down-hole choke to cause a small reduction in flowing wellhead pressure which was recorded using the existing wellhead sensors. Interpretation of the telegram was performed by accessing the wellhead sensor data to provide daily downhole pressure and temperature readings.
To ensure successful telegram detection through large seasonal variations in production rate a pressure regulation protocol was introduced to the wireless gauge. Differences in the predicted and actual transient flow response meant that modifications to the downhole pulse were initially required before an acceptable pulse amplitude was achieved.
As the system did not require any topside modifications it was envisaged that no interaction would be required with the asset production team. However, after an intermittent flaw was discovered in the telegram protocol a production management response was implemented to mitigate any damage potential. The application of the wireless gauge ultimately produced clearly detectable pressure pulse telegrams sent daily for 428 days in service.
Thousands of wells today use downhole pressure gauges to optimize production and provide data used to maximise recovery. As lifetime of producers may extend past the practical service life of these gauges intervention based solutions can provide a viable alternative. Proving, evaluating and improving this technology will result in more robust systems, greater service life and increased data quality enabling the benefits to be realised in a wider range of applications.
Aliphatic Metabolism during Anther Development Interfered by Chemical Hybridizing Agent in Wheat
Authors: Ba Qingsong , Zhang Gaisheng , Che Huixue , Liu Hongzhan , Ng Tzi Bun , Zhang Lin , Wang Junsheng , Sheng Ying , Niu Na , Ma Shoucai , Wang Junwei 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTChemically‐interfered male sterility (CIMS) system in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the male sterility types used for hybrid wheat production in China. The main morphological defect in male sterile line 1376‐CIMS interfered by chemical hybridizing agents (CHA) is that the tapetum seems to be abnormally degrated and pollen extine is aberrant. As a complex pollen wall in wheat, the pollen outer wall mainly contains lipidic sporopollenin. However, the mechanism for synthesizing these aliphatic precursors during pollen development has not been fully elucidated. To elucidate the relationship between aliphatic mechanism and chemically‐interfered male sterility, we report on the function of SQ‐1 (a new kind of chemical hybridizing agent) in aliphatic metabolism and its disruptive role during wheat pollen development. The observations of scanning electron microscopy revealed that anther and pollen wall formation was significantly altered in 1376‐CIMS. The contents of aliphatic compositions of anther underwent changes in 1376‐CIMS revealed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), including in particular reductions in fatty alcohols, alkanes and alkenes, and an abnormal increase in fatty acids in 1376‐CIMS. cDNA‐AFLP data revealed that an array of genes implicated in a diversity of biological pathways (180 in total, 124 up‐expression and 56 down‐expression) exhibited statistically significant expressional differences between 1376 and 1376‐CIMS. Also, a group of genes putatively involved in aliphatic transport and metabolism were significantly altered in 1376‐CIMS, indicating the disruptive role of SQ‐1 in aliphatic transport and metabolism in the formation of the anther and pollen wall. In addition to its function in promoting tapetum programmed cell death (PCD), SQ‐1 probably plays crucially perturbative roles in several basic biological processes during wheat anther development.
Genetic Architecture of Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Tropical Maize Cultivated in a Low‐P Soil
Authors: Mendes Flávia F. , Guimarães Lauro J. M. , Souza João Cândido , Guimarães Paulo Evaristo O. , Magalhaes Jurandir V. , Garcia Antonio Augusto F. , Parentoni Sidney N. , Guimaraes Claudia T. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPhosphorus (P) deficiency is a major limiting factor for crop production in several countries. A better understanding of the genetic components of P use efficiency (PUE) is required to improve crop performance in low‐P soils. To date, no QTLs (quantitative trait loci) were mapped for PUE using grain yield and other late phenotypic data in tropical conditions. Thus, we evaluated the genetic architecture of PUE in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) using multiple interval mapping for design III in a population of 140 RILs (recombinant inbred lines) backcrossed with both parental lines. The parental lines contrasted for yield and for PUE, a phenotypic index that was further decomposed into P acquisition efficiency (PAE) and P utilization efficiency. Our results showed that dominance effects were more important than additive effects for explaining the variations in PUE and its components. Approximately 80% of the QTLs mapped for PAE co‐localized with those for PUE, indicating that the efficiency in acquiring P is the main determinant of PUE in tropical maize. Also, QTLs for PUE and PAE were located near to candidate genes previously associated with root development. Thus, we present important information to guide breeding strategies for the development of maize cultivars more adapted to P deficiency.
Relationship Between Sources of Information and the Willingness of
Healthcare Workers to Risk their Lives for a Patient During the Peak of
A/H1N1 Pandemic in Israel§
Authors: Bar-Dayan Yaron , Manor Sarit Natan , Boldor Noga , Kremer Inbar , Barak Maya Iohan , Bar-Dayan Yosefa 
Published: June 2014

Background:
The willingness of healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient if a fatal transformation of
the virus would occur is a major concern, especially during a pandemic where the need for adequate staffing is crucial and
where the public atmosphere might increase anxiety and fear of exposure.

Objective:
To examine the relationships between the source of information about the disease and the willingness of
healthcare workers to risk their lives for a patient with a fatal A/H1N1 flu, during the winter A/H1N1 pandemic in Israel.

Methods:
A questionnaire was distributed to healthcare workers in 21 hospitals and 40 primary clinics in Israel between
November 26, 2009 and December 10, 2009 (the peak of the winter A/H1N1 flu outbreak).

Results:
The questionnaire was completed by 1147 healthcare workers. The most common source of information reported
was television (65%), followed by speaking with colleagues and reading the Ministry of Health regulations (63%) each,
internet (61%), and newspapers (51%). The least common sources of information were reading a scientific article (35%)
and attending a professional lecture (31%). Willingness to risk one’s life was significantly higher in healthcare workers
who reported that their source of information about the disease was reading a scientific article, Ministry of Health
regulations, a professional lecture, or a colleague. Willingness was not significantly different among health care workers
who reported that their source of information about the disease was television programs, a newspaper article, or general
internet sites.

Conclusions:
Willingness to risk one’s life for a patient is directly related to professional sources of information and is not
related to nonprofessional information obtained from mass media.
Nitrogen Runoff from Tunnel Blasted Rocks— a Large‐Scale Test
Authors: Bækken Torleif 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT: Eight tunnel blasted rock samples were washed five times in 10 m3 containers to calculate the runoff potential of nitrogen from unexploded remains of the ammonium nitrate slurry explosive in rock piles. During the first wash, 65% of total nitrogen was washed off. The average concentrations of NH4+ and NO3− in the first wash water were 46 mg N/L and 58 mg N/L, respectively, being reduced to 2.5 and 1.2 mg N/L after the last wash. The average runoff of total nitrogen from the blasted rocks was 24.2 g N/ton, being 14.7% of nitrogen in the loaded explosives. pH was high (range 8.1 to 11.8) resulting from shotcrete spill, pushing the NH4+/NH3 equilibrium toward the toxic NH3. The consequences of runoff from blasted rock piles may be damaging for water quality and biology in small recipients, and abatement measures should be assessed.
Cost–effectiveness of uterine-preserving procedures for the treatment of uterine fibroid symptoms in the USA
Authors: Cain-Nielsen Anne H , Moriarty James P , Stewart Elizabeth A , Borah Bijan J 
Published: May 2014

Objective:To evaluate the cost–effectiveness of the following three treatments of uterine fibroids in a population of premenopausal women who wish to preserve their uteri: myomectomy, magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) and uterine artery embolization (UAE).Materials & methods:A decision analytic Markov model was constructed. Cost–effectiveness was calculated in terms of US$ per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) over 5 years. Two types of costs were calculated: direct costs only, and the sum of direct and indirect (productivity) costs. Women in the hypothetical cohort were assessed for treatment type eligibility, were treated based on eligibility, and experienced adequate or inadequate symptom relief. Additional treatment (myomectomy) occurred for inadequate symptom relief or recurrence. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate uncertainty in the model parameters.Results: In the base case, myomectomy, MRgFUS and UAE had the following combinations of mean cost and mean QALYs, respectively: US$15,459, 3.957; US$15,274, 3.953; and US$18,653, 3.943. When incorporating productivity costs, MRgFUS incurred a mean cost of US$21,232; myomectomy US$22,599; and UAE US$22,819. Using probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) and excluding productivity costs, myomectomy was cost effective at almost every decision threshold. Using PSA and incorporating productivity costs, myomectomy was cost effective at decision thresholds above US$105,000/QALY; MRgFUS was cost effective between US$30,000 and US$105,000/QALY; and UAE was cost effective below US$30,000/QALY.Conclusion:Myomectomy, MRgFUS, and UAE were similarly effective in terms of QALYs gained. Depending on assumptions about costs and willingness to pay for additional QALYs, all three treatments can be deemed cost effective in a 5-year time frame.
Delay-induced state transition and resonance in periodically driven tumor model with immune surveillance
Authors: Yang Tao , Han Qinglin , Zeng Chunhua , Wang Hua , Fu Yunchang , Zhang Chun 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The phenomenon of stochastic resonance (SR) in a tumor growth model under the presence of immune surveillance is investigated. Time delay and cross-correlation between multiplicative and additive noises are considered in the system. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated when periodic signal is introduced multiplicatively. Our results show that: (i) the time delay can accelerate the transition from the state of stable tumor to that of extinction, however the correlation between two noises can accelerate the transition from the state of extinction to that of stable tumor; (ii) the time delay and correlation between two noises can lead to a transition between SR and double SR in the curve of SNR as a function of additive noise intensity, however for the curve of SNR as a function of multiplicative noise intensity, the time delay can cause the SR phenomenon to disappear, and the cross-correlation between two noises can lead to a transition from SR to stochastic reverse-resonance. Finally, we compare the SR phenomenon for the multiplicative periodic signal with that for additive periodic signal in the tumor growth model with immune surveillance.
Effectiveness of Coatings on the Corrosion Resistance of the External Surface of Concrete Structures
Authors: Aydin Özlem , Çizmecioglu Zeki 
Published: May 2014

AbstractStudies have been carried out to investigate the performance of silane-siloxane based hydrophobic emulsion coatings and of special amino alcohol based organic and inorganic mixture inhibitor coatings. The coated and uncoated concrete specimens were subjected to accelerated corrosion to determine the time-to-corrosion-initiation. The accelerated corrosion test results clearly showed that the specimens coated with the silan-siloxane based hydrophobic emulsion performed better than concrete specimens coated with special amino alcohol based organic and inorganic inhibitor mixture.
Wear Properties of Fe-Cr-C and B4C Powder Coating on AISI 316 Stainless Steel Analyzed by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Gur Ali Kaya , Ozay Cetin , Orhan Ayhan , Buytoz Soner , Caligulu Ugur , Yigitturk Necmettin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this study, the plasma arc welded cladding of FeCrC and B4C powder mixtures alloyed with 70 wt.- % Cr on the surface of AISI 316 stainless steel was investigated. Application of the Taguchi method revealed respective effects on the abrasive wear resistance of the cladding layer on the stainless steel. The abrasive wear behaviour of the AISI 316 stainless steel surfaces coated with Fe-Cr-C and with 10 wt.-%, 15 wt.-%, 20 wt.-%, and 25 wt.-% B4C was investigated by using four loads and four distances for the 220 mesh SiC abrasive. Results were analyzed by variance analysis using ANOVA, and effects of parameters on the wear rate were determined as percentage rate. Furthermore, the error ratio was statistically evaluated. The experimental results were analyzed by the respective analysis of means and variance which is discussed in detail.