bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a by‐product mutualism in a group hunter depends on prey movement state
Authors: Pacher K. , Krause J. , Bartashevich P. , Romanczuk P. , Bideau P. , Pham D. , Burns A. L. , Deffner D. , Dhellemmes F. , Binder B. , Boswell K. M. , Galván‐Magaña F. , Domenici P. , Hansen M. J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Group‐hunting animals have been shown to engage their prey in long pursuits (kms) to increase capture success, but the evidence for this is limited to a few terrestrial species. This predation strategy may be effective in the open‐ocean, where group‐hunts are characterised by large predator–prey size ratios and there are few places for prey to hide.
However, recording the attack rates, capture rates and capture success probabilities of grouping predators during long‐distance pursuits through the open ocean, remains a significant challenge.
Here we use a combination of underwater and aerial video to assess the attack and capture behaviour of striped marlin, Kajikia audax, in relation to the movement of their schooling prey (‘stationary’ and ‘mobile’ movement states) during group hunts.
We found that the attack rate was higher when the prey school was ‘stationary’ and, during these times, individual marlin could make longer sequences of uninterrupted attacks on the prey school, effectively monopolising the prey resource for short periods over conspecifics.
When the prey school was ‘mobile’, the attack pattern changed and individual marlin alternated their attacks on the prey school more frequently. Capture success probability (likelihood of capture per attack) was not affected by prey movement state. However, attacks on ‘mobile’ schools resulted in more prey fish becoming isolated from the school, and these isolated prey were easily captured—not by the attacker but by conspecifics swimming nearby.
The likelihood of a prey becoming isolated from a ‘mobile’ school was predicted by prey school speed, with a 0.1 m s−1 increase leading to an 18.01% increase in the chance of isolation.
Altogether this meant the capture rate at the group level was highest when the prey school was ‘mobile’ rather than ‘stationary’ because the predators that were pursuing the ‘mobile’ prey school had an increased availability of isolated and easy to capture prey.
This mechanism provides evidence for a by‐product mutualism selecting for conspecific group formation and we discuss our findings in consideration of the social structure of the hunting group and the type of prey.

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‘A Cultivated Leader and Sensible Spokesman for Black African Views’1: Britain's Courting of KaNgwane Chief Minister Enos J. Mabuza
Authors: FEATHER DANIEL J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article analyses British policymakers’ efforts to court Enos John Mabuza, Chief Minister of the self‐governing South African homeland of KaNgwane, in the final years of apartheid. It contends that despite taking place nearly 30 years apart, there were striking similarities between British policy at the end of apartheid and in the era of decolonisation, particularly the efforts to build relations with moderate nationalists in an effort to maintain long‐term influence. While KaNgwane was a small territory lacking in material resources, Mabuza, as a moderate Black leader working within the law to challenge apartheid, took on greater importance in the minds of British policymakers seeking a peaceful transfer of power in South Africa. This was helped by Mabuza's ability to maintain relations with a diverse range of important political actors including the South African government, KwaZulu Chief Minister Mangosuthu Buthelezi, and the African National Congress in exile. Additionally, KaNgwane's close proximity to Mozambique, which at the time was in the midst of a civil war, also gave the territory greater prominence. This article will highlight how Mabuza used these interconnecting factors to demonstrate his value as an important ‘interlocutor’ for Britain, which in turn saw him extract important resources for both the KaNgwane people and his own family, as well as a degree of protection from interference by the South African government.
Crucial textural properties of braised pork to evaluate the oral mastication behavior and its water distribution to influence tenderness
Authors: Wang Xiaomin , Huang Meigui , Yao Yishun , Yu Jingyang , Cui Heping , Hayat Khizar , Zhang Xiaoming , Ho Chi‐Tang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe complex composition of braised pork, including lean meat, pigskin, and fat, makes it difficult for sensory evaluation of its texture properties. This study investigated the correlation between sensory texture attributes and physicochemical properties to achieve an objective and comprehensive evaluation of the texture of braised pork. Sensory analysis demonstrated that the overall texture acceptability of braised pork was significantly and negatively influenced by sensory texture attributes (including sensory hardness, chewiness, and toughness), while it was positively impacted by sensory adhesiveness, softness, and juiciness. Shear force and texture profile analysis (TPA) variables, reflecting mastication behavior, were used to characterize the textural properties of braised pork. They were closely related to water distribution, with a higher proportion of immobilized water (P21), indicating a higher water holding capacity and a more tender texture. Correlation analysis between sensory texture attributes and physicochemical properties through partial least squares regression further revealed significant associations between shear force, TPA variables, and sensory texture attributes. Moreover, the proportion of immobilized water (P21) significantly and negatively affected sensory hardness and chewiness, whereas the proportion of free water (P22) significantly influenced sensory toughness. Sensory texture attributes could be well predicted by the physicochemical properties by projecting test samples onto calibration models established by known samples. Therefore, a combination of sensory and instrumental measures can reliably reflect the texture properties of braised pork.Practical ApplicationThe combination of sensory and instrumental methods is an effective strategy to accurately and objectively evaluate the texture properties of braised pork, which overcomes the limitations caused by the complexity of the composition and texture traits of braised pork. The accurate evaluation and standardization of texture properties is an important premise for the repeatable and stable cooking of traditional braised pork. Furthermore, this research method and findings can also be applied to guide the procedural optimization of smart appliances (e.g., induction cookers) for cooking braised pork.
Knockdown of NFIL3 modulates the AMPK pathway to suppress excessive cell proliferation, inflammation, and migration in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Qiang Fuyong , Xuan Dan , Liu Jinghua , Sheng Jun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one autoimmune disease that badly influences the lives of humans. Nuclear factor interleukin 3 (NFIL3) has been elucidated to join into the progression of diversiform diseases. According to a recent report, NFIL3 expression levels are increased in the peripheral blood and synovial tissues of individuals with RA. However, the detailed regulatory impacts of NFIL3 and associated pathways in RA progression need more investigations.MethodsThe mRNA and protein expressions were tested through RT‐qPCR and western blot. The cell proliferation was evaluated through CCK‐8 and EdU assay. The cell apoptosis was measured through flow cytometry. The levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were assessed through ELISA. The cell migration and invasion were tested through Transwell assay.ResultsIn this study, NFIL3 exhibited higher expression in RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β]‐triggered MH7A cell model). In addition, knockdown of NFIL3 repressed the growth of IL‐1β‐mediated MH7A cells. It was also demonstrated that suppressing NFIL3 resulted in reduced inflammatory reactions in IL‐1β‐mediated MH7A cells. Suppression of NFIL3 alleviated cell migration and invasion in the RA cell model. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that NFIL3 retarded the AMPK/mTOR pathway.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the inhibition of NFIL3 effectively controlled the AMPK/mTOR pathway, thereby suppressing the overactive proliferation, inflammation, and migration of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes in human RA. This discovery implied that NFIL3 can be a serviceable biomarker for RA therapy.
Left ventricular stroke volume decreases due to surgical procedures of anatomical lung resection
Authors: Koike Sachie , Shiina Takayuki , Takasuna Keiichirou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe influence of lung resection on cardiac function has been reported, and previous studies have mainly focused on right ventricular (RV) dysfunction. As few studies have analyzed changes in left ventricular hemodynamic variables caused by lung resection, we aimed to investigate the perioperative changes in left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) caused by anatomical lung resection.MethodsWe enrolled 61 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection and perioperative LVSV monitoring. The Flo Trac system was used for dynamic monitoring. We investigated changes in LVSV after lung resection and the factors that affected these changes. The operative procedures that contributed to these changes were also investigated.ResultsLVSV decreased after anatomical lung resection in the majority of patients (n = 38, 62.2%). Operative procedures affecting this change were (a) taping the superior pulmonary vein (SPV; right: V1‐3) before dorsal part procedure (e.g., major fissure division of right upper lobectomy, A1 + 2c, and A4 + 5 division of left upper lobectomy); (b) division of the SPV (right: V1‐3, V4 + 5); (c) division of A6‐10 (in lower lobectomy); and (d) finish division of all vessels.ConclusionsLVSV decrease was caused by anatomical lung resection in the majority of patients owing to the intraoperative procedures described above.
Planting date impact on flowering, pollinator visitation and yield of mass flowering oilseed crops in the Northern Corn Belt
Authors: Eberle Carrie , Scott Drew A. , Forcella Frank , Gesch Russ W. , Weyers Sharon , Johnson Jane M. F. , Schneider Sharon 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Declining natural pollinator populations are a potential threat to global food supplies. Mass flowering summer annual oilseeds can provide much needed crop diversity and floral resources to support pollinator communities.
We evaluated how managing planting date affects floral phenology, floral accumulation (flower coverage time × flower area), pollinator visitation, pollinator diversity and yield of nine oilseed crops.
Borage (Borago officinalis L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), cuphea (Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. × Cuphea lanceolata W. T. Aiton), echium (Echium plantagineum L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), spring camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz), spring canola (Brassica napus L.) and sunflower [Helianthus annuus L.] were grown in Morris, Minnesota during the summers of 2013 and 2014. Each crop was planted on a “standard” planting date of mid‐May and additional planting dates of early May, early June and early July.
Shifting planting dates affected flowering phenology, floral accumulation, pollinator visitation and crop yield. Later planting dates led to later onset of flowering for all crops and affected total floral accumulation for crambe, cuphea and echium. Pollinator visitations changed with planting date and were generally greater with the later planting dates. At least two of the four planting dates supported high yield for each crop.
The ability to maintain high crop yield across a window of planting dates affords growers management options for their fields and can be used to design complementary resource pairing and improve pollinator health through crop diversification and management.
Understanding insect predator–prey interactions using camera trapping: A review of current research and perspectives
Authors: Seimandi‐Corda Gaëtan , Hood Thomas , Cook Samantha M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cameras are increasingly used by ecologists to study species distribution and interactions. They are mainly used to study large animals such as mammals but can also be used to record small invertebrates, including insects.
Camera traps, capturing images within a specified field of view, can be used for biomonitoring and investigating insect‐related interactions, such as predation. Understanding predation on insect prey has direct implications for agriculture and conservation biology, enabling predator species identification and quantification of biological control.
This review examines 28 studies published between 1988 and March 2024 focusing on the use of cameras to monitor insect predator–prey interactions, predominantly targeting agricultural pests. Studies varied in recording equipment used and tended to be spatially and temporally limited, making results difficult to generalise at larger scale.
We provide an overview of equipment options, camera settings, the merits of video versus picture recording, night‐time imaging strategies, trigger mechanisms, equipment costs, and strategies for managing theft and vandalism. Additionally, we discuss avenues for improving image processing efficiency, including enhancing predator identification through artificial intelligence methods. Challenges related to limitations in the taxonomic levels of predator identification are also addressed.
Finally, we offer guidelines for researchers interested in using camera technology and propose future perspectives on their use in insect conservation and biocontrol efforts.
Spatial Activation of Autophagy in Human Placenta‐Related Tissue During Labor: A Possible Mechanism for Labor Onset
Authors: Shang Jing , Wang Zhijian , Huang Yingying , Wu Yuyu , Jin Jin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo explore the mechanisms of labor by investigating the autophagy of placental and fetal membranes tissue in normal pregnant women.MethodsPlacenta and fetal membranes were collected from women with singleton pregnancies without any medical complications and from women who delivered vaginally (labor‐initiated group; L group) or by caesarean section (labor‐noninitiated group; NL group). Autophagosomes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence and western blotting (WB) were used to detect protein levels of the autophagy markers LC3A and LC3B. TEM, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and WB were used to compare autophagy in different parts of the placenta and fetal membranes in the L and NL groups. The expression of LC3B/LC3A, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the placenta of nonpregnant and pregnant rats was detected by WB and IHC.ResultsTEM and IHC results showed an increase in the number of autophagosomes and autophagic lysosomes in the L group, and WB results indicated an increase in the LC3B/A ratio between the placenta and fetal membranes in the L group. Autophagy was significantly increased on the maternal side of the placenta in the L group, and the level of autophagy became higher near rupture in the fetal membranes and near the point where the umbilical cord joins the placenta in the L group. The LC3B/A ratio increased and ROCK1 and ROCK2 levels decreased in postnatal rats.DiscussionAutophagy can occur in the placenta and fetal membranes and its activity is higher at the onset of labor, suggesting a role in labor.
Evolutionary Analysis of the Mammalian IL‐17 Cytokine Family Suggests Conserved Roles in Female Fertility
Authors: Giangrazi Federica , Buffa Dafne , Lloyd Andrew T. , Redmond Anthony K. , Glover Louise E. , O'Farrelly Cliona 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTProblemThe interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) family includes pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐17A‐F with important roles in mucosal defence, barrier integrity and tissue regeneration. IL‐17A can be dysregulated in fertility complications, including pre‐eclampsia, endometriosis and miscarriage. Because mammalian subclasses (eutherian, metatherian, and prototherian) have different related reproductive strategies, IL‐17 genes and proteins were investigated in the three mammalian classes to explore their involvement in female fertility.Method of StudyGene and protein sequences for IL‐17s are found in eutherian, metatherian and prototherian mammals. Through synteny and multiple sequence protein alignment, the relationships among mammalian IL‐17s were inferred. Publicly available datasets of early pregnancy stages and female fertility in therian mammals were collected and analysed to retrieve information on IL‐17 expression.ResultsSynteny mapping and phylogenetic analyses allowed the classification of mammalian IL‐17 family orthologs of human IL‐17. Despite differences in their primary amino acid sequence, metatherian and prototherian IL‐17s share the same tertiary structure as human IL‐17s, suggesting similar functions. The analysis of available datasets for female fertility in therian mammals shows up‐regulation of IL‐17A and IL‐17D during placentation. IL‐17B and IL‐17D are also found to be over‐expressed in human fertility complication datasets, such as endometriosis or recurrent implantation failure.ConclusionsThe conservation of the IL‐17 gene and protein across mammals suggests similar functions in all the analysed species. Despite significant differences, the upregulation of IL‐17 expression is associated with the establishment of pregnancy in eutherian and metatherian mammals. The dysregulation of IL‐17s in human reproductive disorders suggests them as a potential therapeutic target.
Comparison of hemodialysis urea clearance using spent dialysate and Kt/Vurea equations
Authors: Khatri Priyanka , Davenport Andrew 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionDialysis adequacy is traditionally calculated from pre‐ and post‐hemodialysis session serum urea concentrations and expressed as the urea reduction ratio, or Kt/Vurea. However, with increasing hemodiafiltration usage, we wished to determine whether there were any differences between standard Kt/Vurea equations and directly measured spent dialysate urea clearance.MethodsUrea clearance was measured from collected effluent dialysate and compared with various other methods of Kt/Vurea calculation, including change in total body urea from measuring pre‐ and post‐total body water with bioimpedance and the Watson equation, by standard Kt/V equations, and online clearance measurements using effective ionic dialysance (OLC).ResultsWe compared urea clearance in 41 patients, 56.1% male, mean age 69.3 ± 12.6 years with 87.8% treated by hemodiafiltration. Reduction in total body urea was greater when estimating changes in total body urea, compared to measured dialysate losses of 58.4% (48.5–67.6) vs 71.6% (62.1–78), p < 0.01. Sessional urea clearance (Kt/Vurea) was greater using the online Solute‐Solver program compared to OLC, median 1.45(1.13–1.75) vs 1.2 (0.93–1.4), and 2nd generation Kt/V equations 1.3 (1.02–1.66), p < 0.01, but not different from estimated total body urea clearance 1.36 (1.15–1.73) and dialysate clearance 1.36 (1.07–1.76). The mean bias compared to the Solute‐Solver program was greatest with OLC (−0.25), compared to second‐generation equations (−0.02), estimated total body clearance (−0.02) and measured dialysate clearance (−0.01).ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the result from equations estimating urea clearance indirectly from pre‐ and postblood samples from hemo‐ and hemodiafiltration treatments was highly correlated with direct measurements of dialysate urea clearance.
Hyperautofluorescent material inside areas of macular atrophy may reveal non‐lipofuscin fluorophores in late stage AMD
Authors: Tarhan Melih , Meller Daniel , Hammer Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeTo characterize fundus autofluorescence (FAF) in complete (cRORA) and incomplete retinal pigment epithelium and outer retinal atrophy (iRORA) by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmology (FLIO).MethodsOverall, 98 macular atrophy (MA) lesions in 42 eyes of 37 age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) patients (mean age: 80.9 ± 5.8 years), 25 of them classified as iRORA and 73 as cRORA by OCT, were investigated by FLIO in a short (SSC: 498–560 nm) and a long wavelength channel (LSC: 560–720 nm). Differences of FAF lifetimes and peak emission wavelength (PEW) between atrophic lesions and intact retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the outer ring of the ETDRS grid were considered.ResultsFAF lifetimes in MA were longer and PEW were significantly (p < 0.001) shorter than in intact RPE by 112 ± 78 ps (SSC), 91 ± 64 ps (LSC), 27 ± 18 nm (PEW) in iRORA and by 227 ± 112 ps (SSC), 167 ± 81 ps (LSC), and 54 ± 17 nm (PEW) in cRORA. 37% of iRORA and 24% of cRORA were hyperautofluorescent in SSC. Persistent sub‐RPE‐BL material in MA was newly found as a hyperautofluorescent entity with lifetimes considerably longer than that of drusen and RPE.ConclusionsDespite RPE and, thus, lipofuscin are greatly absent in MA, considerable FAF, preferably at short wavelengths, was found in those lesions. Drusen, persistent sub‐RPE‐BL material, basal laminar deposits, persistent activated RPE, and sclera were identified as putative sources of this fluorescence. FLIO can help to characterize respective fluorophores.
Influence of a robotic companion on women's food choices: Evidence from an imaginary task
Authors: Guo Xiyu , Wang Chujun , Wan Xiaoang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated the influence of commensal dining between humans on food choices, whereas we conducted two studies to examine how the presence of a robot might influence people's choices between meat‐heavy and vegetable‐forward meals in imaginary scenarios. In Study 1, participants were instructed to choose three desirable dishes from a set of two meat and two vegetable dishes while they imagined eating alone, with a human, or with a robot. Although the meat dishes were rated as more palatable and pleasant, the female participants chose fewer meat‐heavy meals when eating alone or with a robot than when eating with a human, whereas no such effect was observed for the male participants. We also replicated these patterns in Study 2, as the female participants chose fewer meat‐heavy meals when eating with a robot and a human than when eating with two humans. Collectively, these findings provide empirical evidence regarding how the presence of a certain robot can influence female consumers' food choices in imaginary scenarios, which has direct implications for the practice of promoting sustainable food choices.