bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Assessment of Cox10 Variants and their Implications for Leigh Syndrome
Authors: Voges Thomas-Shadi , Lim Eun Bi , MacKenzie Abigail , Mudler Kyle , DeSouza Rebecca , Onyejekwe Nmesoma E. , Johnston Stephen D. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cox10 is an enzyme required for the activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Humans who lack at least one functional copy of Cox10 have a form of Leigh Syndrome, a genetic disease that is usually fatal in infancy. As more human genomes are sequenced, new alleles are being discovered; whether or not these alleles encode functional proteins remains unclear. Thus, we set out to measure the phenotypes of many human Cox10 variants by expressing them in yeast cells.
Results
We successfully expressed the reference sequence and 25 variants of human Cox10 in yeast. We quantitated the ability of these variants to support growth on nonfermentable media and directly measured cytochrome c oxidase activity. 11 of these Cox10 variants supported approximately half or more the cytochrome c oxidase activity compared to the reference sequence. All of the strains containing those 11 variants also grew robustly using a nonfermentable carbon source. Cells expressing the other variants showed low cytochrome c oxidase activity and failed to grow on nonfermentable media.
Cryo-X-ray Phase Contrast Imaging enables combined 3D structural quantification and nucleic acid analysis of myocardial biopsies
Authors: Li Kan Yan Chloe , Syrris Petros , Bonnin Anne , Treibel Thomas , Budhram-Mahadeo Vishwanie , Dejea Hector , Cook Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Snap frozen biopsies serve as a valuable clinical resource of archival material for disease research, as they enable a comprehensive array of downstream analyses to be performed, including extraction and sequencing of nucleic acids. Obtaining three-dimensional (3D) structural information prior to multi-omics is more challenging but could potentially allow for better characterisation of tissues and targeting of clinically relevant cells. Conventional histological techniques are limited in this regard due to their destructive nature and the reconstruction artifacts produced by sectioning, dehydration, and chemical processing. These limitations are particularly notable in soft tissues such as the heart. In this study, we assessed the feasibility of using synchrotron-based cryo-X-ray phase contrast imaging (cryo-X-PCI) of snap frozen myocardial biopsies and 3D structure tensor analysis of aggregated myocytes, followed by nucleic acid (DNA and RNA) extraction and analysis. We show that optimal sample preparation is the key driver for successful structural and nucleic acid preservation which is unaffected by the process of cryo-X-PCI. We propose that cryo-X-PCI has clinical value for 3D tissue analysis of cardiac and potentially non-cardiac soft tissue biopsies prior to nucleic acid investigation.
Prophylactic Proton Pump Inhibitors in Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Impact and Underprescription in a French Multicentric Cohort
Authors: Hajj Weam El , Nahon Stéphane , Fares Eddy , Quentin Vincent , Grasset Denis , Arpurt Jean-Pierre , Skinazi Florence , Vitte René-Louis , Costes Laurent , Remy André-Jean , Locher Christophe , Macaigne Gilles 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: Appropriate prescription of Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remains an important concern amid the rising overuse. A gap exists in the literature regarding the benefit of PPI treatment and the consequences of underprescription in patients at risk for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).
Aims: This study aims to investigate the impact of PPI prophylaxis on the characteristics of hemorrhage in patients experiencing UGIB, with a focus on high-risk individuals requiring gastroprotection.
Methods: Data from a French multicentric cohort of patients experiencing UGIB were analyzed. Patients using PPI were compared to those without PPI considering bleeding etiologies and outcomes of peptic ulcer disease (PUD)-related hemorrhage. The rate of PPI prescription and its effect on bleeding characteristics in high-risk populations, defined based on international guidelines, were also assessed.
Results: Among 2497 included patients, 31.1% were on PPI at bleeding onset. PPI users exhibited a significantly lower rate of PUD-related bleeding in comparison with those without PPI (24.7 vs 40.8%, respectively, p<0.0001). Similar difference was observed in high-risk populations, of whom, only 41% had gastroprotection before bleeding onset. PPI prophylaxis, however, did not influence the severity of bleeding in the general study population or in high-risk groups. Multivariate analysis identified age, comorbidities, and having more than two anti-thrombotic agents as predictors of severe bleeding.
Conclusions: PPI users appear to have a lower rate of bleeding ulcers compared to non-users. However, underprescription in high-risk groups raises the need for standardized care to ensure appropriate PPI use.
A Mechanism study of type-I Tin Rich Patina on the Surface of Ancient Bronzes
Authors: Jiang Xudong , Zhang Jun , Huang Feng , Xie Haijiao , Li Qi , Fang Chen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The formation mechanism of type-I patina and the existence state of Cu on the surface of ancient bronze are not clear. This study compared the surface patina of ancient bronze with pure SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method. The main crystalline component of the patina was ~ 5 nm SnO2 nanoparticles, which are very similar to those of pure SnO2, indicating their comparability. Cu element was found in patina, but it did not form crystals. The XRD diffraction peak of the patina shifted, indicating that Cu entered the SnO2 lattice and caused crystallinity decreased. Compared to pure SnO2, new peaks appeared in the XPS spectra of Cu and O in the patina, which are speculated to be Cu-O-Sn binding which is the key character of type-I patina. It indicates that type-I patina is mainly composed of crystalline SnO2 nanoparticles with some Cu dissolves in its lattice structure. The concentration of Cu in SnO2 crystal cells is limited, and mainly copper forms amorphous Cu2O with Sn. Sn can increase the structural stability of Cu2O, making it easy to enter it which hinders the crystallization of Cu2O. When the Sn content is insufficient, sufficient Cu-O-Sn amorphous cannot be formed, and Cu2O may crystallize.
Hepatitis B in Ethiopia: Viral Load, Affordability, and Patient Perspectives at a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Dessie Kassalem , Diriba Regassa , Fekadu Amanuel , Adugna Yewbdar , Sisay Abay 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a leading cause of liver infections, often resulting in chronic illness and liver cancer. It affects millions of people worldwide, with a particularly high burden in Africa, especially Ethiopia. Despite its prevalence, access to HBV viral load testing is limited, and its affordability has not been well documented, particularly in Ethiopia, making it challenging to diagnose and treat the disease effectively. Therefore, this study aimed to quantify the HBV viral load, affordability, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this disease among HBV-infected patients at St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2024 using quantitative and qualitative data from 256 participants. Affordability was assessed using household income and expenditure on HBV viral load (VL) tests, with VL quantification performed using the Cobas®6800. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) were measured using a Likert scale. Data management and analysis were conducted using SPSS version 25, with a significance level set at p < 0.05.Results A total of 256 participants were included in this study, 53.1% of whom were females. Compared with female participants, male participants demonstrated a significantly greater likelihood of having a high viral load (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.26–4.92, p = 0.01). Individuals with co-infections exhibited a substantially increased likelihood of having a high viral load (AOR = 8.38, 95% CI: 3.76–12.29, p < 0.01). Regarding KAP concerning HBV infection, 50% of the participants demonstrated good knowledge, 38.3% exhibited a positive attitude, and 57.8% reported good practices. Urban residents (AOR = 0.11, 95% CI: 0.02–0.60, p = 0.01), higher-income earners (AOR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05–0.43, p < 0.01), and individuals who had undergone viral load testing within the previous month (AOR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.09–0.17, p < 0.03) all demonstrated significantly lower odds of experiencing catastrophic expenditures.Conclusion This study highlights the importance of tailored HBV management strategies, including targeted interventions, such as gender- and co-infection-specific approaches, comprehensive infection prevention and control, and enhanced public health education. Reducing financial barriers to HBV diagnosis and care, especially for vulnerable populations, is crucial.
Sustainability Assessment of Pectin Extraction From Citrus Paradisi Peel and Application in Encapsulating Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum Cidca 83114
Authors: Clemente Natalia A. Di , Cava Enzo La , Sgroppo Sonia , Gomez-Zavaglia Andrea , Gerbino Esteban 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Agro-industrial waste, including peels, pulps, pomace, and seeds, poses a significant global economic and environmental problem. Recovering these wastes to extract bioactive compounds (e.g., pecin, polyphenols, pigments, essential oils) offers a sustainable solution. Pectins have been increasingly used as delivery systems in the food industry. Green extractions have been developed to reduce the extraction time and environmental impact of conventional methods. However, little is known about their actual impact. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a useful tool for assessing the environmental and energy impacts of a production cycle. This study aims to evaluate the environmental profile of pectin extraction from grapefruit peels using conventional heating (CHE) and thermosonication (TS) methods, and the application of the extracted pectin as a delivery system for encapsulating Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CIDCA 83114. The LCA was performed using Open LCA software version 2.0.1 modelled with ILCD 2011 method. The system boundaries were considered to be laboratory scale and the functional units were 1 kg of protected/dry encapsulated bacteria in pectin extracts from Citrus paradisi peel obtained by TS or CHE. The impact scores of the TS and CHE scenarios were similar in terms of millipoints (TS = 18.9 and CHE = 19.1 mPt). The main impact categories were climate change, human toxicity with carcinogenic effects and depletion of water resources contributing to deionized water and electricity consumption. The obtained results contribute to the decision-making process for the selection of a pectin extraction process on a laboratory scale, complemented by future economic impact studies.
Parental Rejection and Chinese College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Ability: Unpacking the Role of Growth Mindset and Psychological Resilience
Authors: Li Na , Liu Yi , Song Guifang , Zhang Huiming , Wu Runteng , Fu Yangyang , Xue Qingjie , Yan Yingchun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective: To explore the effects of parental rejection on college students’ innovative and entrepreneurship ability and its mechanisms, as well as the mediating roles of growth mindset and psychological resilience in it.
Methods: 1051 college students were surveyed using Short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran (s-EMBU), Growth Mindset Scale (GMS), Connor- Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), and Innovation and Entrepreneurship Capacity Scale (IECS).
Results:(1) The results of the correlation analysis indicated that parental rejection exhibited negative correlations with growth mindset, psychological resilience, and innovation and entrepreneurship ability. Additionally, growth mindset demonstrated positive correlations with psychological resilience and innovation and entrepreneurship ability, while psychological resilience displayed positive correlations with innovation and entrepreneurship ability. (2) Chain mediation analysis demonstrates that parental rejection exerts a substantial direct impact on the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students, while also influencing these abilities indirectly through the intermediary mechanisms of growth mindset and psychological resilience, both independently and in a chained mediation process.
Conclusion: The impact of parental rejection on college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability is multifaceted, encompassing both direct effects and indirect effects mediated by growth mindset and psychological resilience, as well as their combined influence.
Facies analysis, hydrocarbon potential, palynology and geochemistry of Massoumbou sediments, Douala sub-basin, Central Africa
Authors: Tjade-Eone Michel Kevin Delor 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Several analytical techniques including facies analysis, mineralogy, major and trace elements, palynology and Rock-Eval were used to reconstruct paleo-depositional environments, to determine the hydrocarbon potential and to propose the age of the deposits. The study is focused on a sedimentary outcrop in Massoumbou area, Eastern part of the Douala sub-basin (Central Africa). Lithologies mainly consist of claystones, siltstone and sandstones that were identified and grouped under seven facies. The mineralogical suite mainly comprises of quartz and kaolinite in association with pyrite, microcline, goethite and muscovite. Major and trace elements indicate intense weathering of the felsic and mafic sediment source rocks, and show that these sediments are immature to mature. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data indicate that most of the samples are thermally immature and are. organically rich in gas-prone kerogen Type III and IV. Morever, palynological data show palynofacies corresponding to gas prone. The organic matter consists of terrestrial components associated with organic matter of marine origin. Massoumbou deposits are poor to fairly rich in organic matter and have the potential to be a poor to good source rock liable to generate gas. Palynomorph species in occurence Retitricolpites simplex, Proxapertites spilatus, Momipites africanus, Kallosphaeridium yorubaense and the others one indicate Upper Paleocene age deposits in continental shallow marine environment. Some taxa such as Apectodinium spp. indicate climatic control during this period. This study reveals new data and the economic potential of this part of Central Africa.
Combinations of physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep and their associations with cardiovascular risk
Authors: de Moura¹ Samara Silva , de Menezes-Júnior Luiz Antônio Alves , Carraro¹ Júlia Cristina Cardoso , Machado-Coelho George Luiz Lins , Meireles¹ Adriana Lúcia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the primary cause of global morbidity and mortality. Movement behaviors; physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB) and sleep are essential for cardiovascular health, yet they are often studied separately.
Objective
To investigate the association between the movement behaviors with cardiovascular risk (CVR) mediated by sleep quality.
Methods
Population-based survey in two Brazilian municipalities, collected through face-to-face interview. Participants' daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SB were measured, and a ratio of MVPA to SB was calculated, dichotomized into less than < 2.5 or ≥ 2.5 or more minutes of MVPA per hour of SB. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and CVR was estimated via the Framingham risk score (FRS), categorized as low risk (< 5%) or intermediate to high risk (≥ 5%).
Results
The study involved 1,550 individuals, 46.3% aged 35–59 years and 50.7% female. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for confounders, indicated that individuals with ≥ 2.5 minutes of MVPA per hour of SB had a lower likelihood of intermediate to high CVR (OR: 0.60; 95%CI: 0.39–0.92), and 16.6% of this effect was mediated by sleep quality (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.43–0.99). In the combined analysis, individuals with MPVA per hour SB adequate and good sleep qualitywere less likely to have intermediate to high CVR (OR: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.21–0.69).
Conclusions
The combination of high MVPA, low SB and good sleep quality, was associated with a less CVR. These findings highlight the importance of integrated interventions addressing multiple movement behaviors to prevent and treat CVR.
Construction and validation the first prognostic models of progression-free survival in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy with deficient mismatch repair: Nomogram and three machine learning models approaches
Authors: Ma Jinfeng , Cheng Wenhua , Li Yifan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To assess the effectiveness of a machine learning framework and nomogram in predicting progression-free survival (PFS) post radical gastrectomy in patients with dMMR.
Method
An observational study conducted at Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2002 to 2020 focused on developing and evaluating three machine learning models and nomogram to forecast PFS in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for nonmetastatic gastric cancer with dMMR. Independent risk factors were identified using Cox regression analysis to develop the nomogram. The performance of the models was assessed through C-index, time receiver operating characteristic (T-ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves in both training and validation cohorts. Subsequently, patients were categorized into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the nomogram's risk scores.
Results
Among the 582 patients studied, machine learning models exhibited higher c-index values compared to the nomogram. RSF demonstrated the highest c-index (0.968), followed by XG boosting (0.945), DST (0.924), the nomogram (0.808), and 8th TNM staging (0.757). Age, positive lymph nodes, neural invasion, and Ki67 were identified as key factors and integrated into the prognostic nomogram. Calibration and DCA curves provided evidence of the accuracy and clinical benefits of both machine learning and nomogram models.
Conclusion
Our study first successfully developed and validated machine learning and nomogram model based on clinical parameters for predicting 3-, 5-year PFS among dMMR gastric patients following gastrectomy. The nomogram exhibited a remarkable capability in identifying high-risk patients, furnishing clinicians with invaluable insights for postoperative surveillance and tailored therapeutic interventions.
Risk of Stroke after Vaccination against COVID19 in Patients with Moyamoya Disease: Nationwide Cohort Observational Study
Authors: Byoun Hyoung Soo , Lee Si Un , Won Yu Deok , Choi Tae Won , Lee Sang Hyo , Kim Young-Deok , Ban Seung Pil , Bang Jae Seung , Kwon O-Ki , Oh Chang Wan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The safety and efficacy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients diagnosed with Moyamoya disease (MMD) have not been established. Using National Health Insurance Service data, this study analyzed the occurrence of stroke-related events and mortality following COVID-19 vaccination among patients diagnosed with MMD from 2008 to 2020. Among 10,297 MMD patients, 296 (2.9%) experienced stroke-related events and 175 (1.7%) died in 2021. Significant risk factors for events included ages 50–59 (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.29; P = 0.022) and 60 or above (OR 5.20; P = 0.001), low BMI (OR 2.00; P = 0.011), previous stroke (OR 1.96; P < 0.001), and COVID-19 infection (OR 2.28; P = 0.034). Female (OR 0.64; P = 0.011), revascularization surgery (RS) (OR 0.38; P < 0.001), and vaccination (OR 0.17; P < 0.001) were protective. For mortality, significant risks were age over 60 (OR 7.09; P = 0.008), low BMI (OR 3.87; P = 0.001), and prior stroke (OR 1.74; p = 0.004), while being female, RS (OR 0.41; P = 0.022), and vaccination (OR 0.12; P < 0.001) were preventive. mRNA vaccines were more effective than vector vaccines in preventing events, mortality, and COVID19 infections. COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduces stroke-related events and mortality in MMD patients, with mRNA vaccines being more effective. COVID-19 infection raises the risk of events, underscoring the benefit of vaccination.
Learning Curve of Radiological Technologist Venipuncture Trainees in Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Noguchi Tomoyuki , Matsuura Shuji , Maehara Junki , Kikuno Akihisa , Ogura Takuji , Shiraishi Takahiro , Emi Kouichiro , Harada Shino , Ooura Hiroki , Imanishi Mika , Kitaguchi Takanori 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study evaluated RTc’s venipuncture learning performance according to our training program in nuclear medicine, requiring monitoring and comparison with physicians to ensure safety.
METHODS
During a three-month period, 162 and 125 patients in nuclear medicine underwent venipuncture by six Radiologists and four second-year Residents, respectively. Each of the six RTc trainees performed venipuncture on 60 patients during a six-month period. Venipuncture success rates, reflecting how often examinees performed punctures for a patient, and the frequency of venipuncture attempts, indicating how often a patient was punctured by examinees, were compared among Radiologists, Residents, and RTc trainees.
RESULTS
Radiologists and Residents achieved average success rates of 87% and 74%, respectively. RTc trainees had an overall success rate of 86%, significantly outperforming Residents. Learning curve analysis for RTc trainees showed the average venipuncture success rates across six groups of ten cases were 82%, 86%, 82%, 88%, 88%, and 91%, respectively, with the sixth group significantly outperforming Residents. The distribution of venipuncture attempts indicated comparable success rates within two attempts between physicians and RTc trainees (98% vs. 97%, p = 0.11).
CONCLUSIONS
Our RTc venipuncture training program in nuclear medicine highlighted RTc trainees' competence in venipuncture, demonstrating improvement over consecutive cases and comparable outcomes to physicians with safety. Our learning curve analysis suggests that RTc trainees may need to perform more than 60 procedures to reach the desired skill level.
The Link Frame Model (LFM), a tool for the seismic analysis of timber frame buildings considering system effects
Authors: López Nicol , Berwart Sebastián , Guindos Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This article proposes a model that makes possible the seismic analysis of timber frame multistory buildings in general-purpose software. The model is entitled Link Frame Model (LFM) and shows the following advantages in comparison to previous models: (1) it can model shearwalls only with frame elements and links with errors close to 0% with respect to analytical code models such as e.g. the Special Design Provisions for Wind and Seismic (SDPWS); (2) it can be used for both equivalent lateral force procedures and modal spectral analysis and gravitational calculations; (3) the computation of the natural period shows deviations close to 0% in comparison with eigenvalues and eigenvectors; (4) it can be implemented in general purpose structural analysis software such as e.g. ETABS or SAP2000; and (5) building system effects, i.e. interaction of shearwalls with other assemblies, can optionally be captured if assigning the proper diaphragm out-of-plane flexural stiffness. Given the great impact of this last aspect in practical design, and the lack of its research, this paper does not only present the model and validation itself, but also analyzes the consequences of considering system effects in a representative case study building. The analysis demonstrates that the average shearwall tension (uplift) of regular buildings can decrease by 80% if considering system effects, which could make timber buildings much more cost competitive in seismic countries.