bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-lived, pulse-induced transient absorption in

LiNb

1
−
x

Ta
x

O
3

(

0
⩽
x
⩽
1

) solid solutions: the case of three intrinsic defect sites for electron localization with strong coupling
Authors: Dömer Niklas , Koelmann Julian , Hesselink Mira , Hehemann Tobias , Pfannstiel Anton , Sauerwein Felix , Vittadello Laura , Ganschow Steffen , Imlau Mirco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Femto-/nanosecond pulse-induced, red and near-infrared absorption is studied in

LiNb

1
−
x

Ta
x

O
3

(

0
⩽
x
⩽
1

, LNT) solid solutions with the aim of studying transient optical nonlinearities associated with the formation, transport and recombination of optically generated small bound electron polarons with strong coupling to the lattice. As a result, a pronounced, long-lived transient absorption is uncovered for LNT which exceeds lifetimes and starting amplitudes of

LiNbO
3

(LN) and

LiTaO
3

(LT) by a factor of up to 100 and 10, respectively. The transients reveal a stretched-exponential decay behavior and a thermally activated process which provide strong evidence for an underlying hopping transport mechanism of small bound polarons. All findings are discussed in comparison to the model systems LN and LT within the framework of appropriate band models and optical generation of polarons via two-photon excitation. To explain the significant differences, the simultaneous presence of

Nb
Li

5
+

,

Ta
Li

5
+

antisites, and

Ta
V

5
+

interstitial defects, i.e. a mixture of the intrinsic defects widely established for LN and LT, is assumed for LNT.
Unbending strategies shepherd cooperation and suppress extortion in spatial populations
Authors: Chen Zijie , Geng Yuxin , Chen Xingru , Fu Feng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Evolutionary game dynamics on networks typically consider the competition among simple strategies such as cooperation and defection in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and summarize the effect of population structure as network reciprocity. However, it remains largely unknown regarding the evolutionary dynamics involving multiple powerful strategies typically considered in repeated games, such as the zero-determinant (ZD) strategies that are able to enforce a linear payoff relationship between them and their co-players. Here, we consider the evolutionary dynamics of always cooperate (AllC), extortionate ZD (extortioners), and unbending players in lattice populations based on the commonly used death-birth updating. Out of the class of unbending strategies that can foster reciprocal cooperation and fairness among extortionate players, we consider a particular candidate, pre-optimized through the machine-learning method of particle swarm optimization (PSO), called PSO Gambler. We derive analytical results under weak selection and rare mutations, including pairwise fixation probabilities and long-term frequencies of strategies. In the absence of the third unbending type, extortioners can achieve a half-half split in equilibrium with unconditional cooperators for sufficiently large extortion factors. However, the presence of unbending players fundamentally changes the dynamics and tilts the system to favor unbending cooperation. Most surprisingly, extortioners cannot dominate at all regardless of how large their extortion factor is, and the long-term frequency of unbending players is maintained almost as a constant. Our analytical method is applicable to studying the evolutionary dynamics of multiple strategies in structured populations. Our work provides insights into the interplay between network reciprocity and direct reciprocity, revealing the role of unbending strategies in enforcing fairness and suppressing extortion.
Mathematical analysis using fractional operator to study the dynamics of dengue fever
Authors: Meena Manisha , Purohit Mridula , Shyamsunder  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Researchers and analysts are intensively studying modeling contagious diseases using non-integer order derivatives to enhance understanding and prediction. Taking this idea forward, in this study, we consider the fractional model for dengue fever disease. The Hilfer fractional model was initially formulated to address epidemic dynamics. This study employed the numerical technique, the Laplace homotopy analysis transform method (LHATM), to examine the fractional dengue fever model for analysis. We employed homotopy analysis and Laplace transform to formulate the proposed technique. There is also a consideration of the uniqueness and convergence of the solution. Utilizing MATLAB21a, numerical simulation for different integer and non-integer orders within the interval (0, 1) has been drawn.
An E-nose system for identification and quantification of hazardous gas mixtures using a combined strategy of CNNs and attentional mechanisms
Authors: Yang Yaning , Wang Xiuling , Zhao Lin , Li Zhen , Sun Yanhui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chemical industry generates a broad spectrum of hazardous gases, presenting significant challenges for conventional detection methods due to their diverse chemical properties and low concentration levels. E-nose systems, employing sensor arrays, offer significant potential for the determination of gas mixtures. This study presents a novel E-nose algorithm, CNN-ECA, which integrated CNNs and attention mechanisms to improve the recognition accuracy of E-nose systems. By integrating the attention mechanism module into CNN’s convolutional operations, the algorithm emphasizes critical feature information. Three hazardous gases (ammonia, methanol, and acetone) and their mixtures were chosen as target gases. CNNs were combined with various attention mechanism networks (SENet, ECA, and CBAM) to construct models, which were then employed to train and evaluate data collected from the sensor array. The results were compared with traditional network models (KNN, SVM, and CNN). Experimental findings indicated that the prediction performance of CNN models combined with attention mechanism networks surpassed that of traditional network models. Particularly, the CNN-ECA network model demonstrated the highest performance in both qualitative and quantitative analyses. This study presents a promising solution for mixed gas detection by synergizing CNN and attention mechanism networks, thereby enhancing the accuracy and reliability of mixed gas measurements. Moreover, capitalizing on the lightweight architecture of the CNN-ECA model, transfer learning techniques were employed to adapt it for deployment on the Raspberry Pi hardware platform. This facilitates the development of a real-time E-nose system for gas detection.
Possibilities of retarding the setting of PROMPT natural cement by dosing lignosulfonates
Authors: Daňková J , Valentová A , Koudelková P , Špaldová M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Roman cement (also Natural cement) is a highly hydraulic binder produced by firing limestone rich in clay minerals. A low firing temperature ranging from 800 °C to 1200 °C is typical for Roman cements. This binder has beneficial functional properties: lower CO2 emissions during production, relatively high strength at a lower bulk density compared to Portland cement, resistance against degradation due to salinity, and better durability. A typical property for this binder is fast setting. This is a problem with the application of natural cement in mortars and concretes, as it significantly shortens their workability time in construction site conditions. The beginning of the setting time of mortars based on PROMPT natural cement can be influenced by retarding additives. Citric acid is currently the most used. Citric acid can negatively affect the properties of hardened mortar and its retarding effect may not be satisfactory. The results of the experimental study are presented in this article, where lignosulfonate-based substances were used as setting retarders. It was investigated that selected types of lignosulfonates are effective as a setting retarder. They have, compared to citric acid, a more pronounced effect of delaying the setting. They also have a significant effect on the strength of the hardened mortar after 28, 56 and 90 days.
Analyses of nonequilibrium transport in atmospheric-pressure direct-current argon discharge under different modes
Authors: ZHANG 张 Ziming 子明 , FANG 方 Chuan 川 , WANG 汪 Yaoting 耀庭 , LUO 罗 Lanyue 岚月 , LI 李 Heping 和平 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The key plasma parameters under different discharge modes, such as heavy-particle and electron temperatures, electron number density, and nonequilibrium volume of plasmas, play important roles in various applications of gas discharge plasmas. In this study, a self-consistent two-dimensional nonequilibrium fluid model coupled with an external circuit model is established to reveal the mechanisms related to the discharge modes, including the normal glow, abnormal glow, arc, and glow-to-arc transition modes, with an atmospheric-pressure direct-current (DC) argon discharge as a model plasma system. The modeling results show that, under different discharge modes, the most significant difference between the preceding four discharge modes lies in the current and energy transfer processes on the cathode side. On one hand, the current to the cathode surface is mainly delivered by the ions coming from the plasma column under the glow discharge mode due to the low temperature of the solid cathode, whereas the thermionic and secondary electrons emitted from the hot cathode surface play a very important role under the arc mode with a higher cathode surface temperature and higher ion flux toward the cathode. On the other hand, the energy transfer channel on the cathode side changes from mainly heating the solid cathode under the glow mode to simultaneously heating both the solid cathode and plasma column under the arc mode with an increase in the discharge current. Consequently, the power density in the cathode sheath (P
c) was used as a key parameter for judging different discharge modes, and the range of (0.28–1.2) × 1012 W m−3 was determined as a critical window of P
c corresponding to the glow-to-arc-mode transition for the atmospheric-pressure DC argon discharge, which was also verified by comparison with the experimental results in this study and the data in the previous literature.
It’s Hammer Time
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers an overview of 1 Maccabees, which is in the Catholic Old Testament and the Protestant Apocrypha. The book is a detailed historiographic narrative about political and military affairs in Palestine mainly from 175 to 135 bce. It recounts the catastrophic policies of the Seleucid king Antiochus IV, whom the book presents as prohibiting Jewish traditions, which triggers the Maccabean revolt. 1 Maccabees presents the revolt as militarily successful and led by the Maccabees, especially Judas. This leads to the creation of the Hasmonean dynasty, an independent Jewish state led in turn by the Maccabean family. The book is a kind of Hasmonean propaganda. It attempts to legitimize the Hasmonean dynasty, which was unpopular when the text was composed in the early first century bce, by highlighting its origins in the Maccabean revolt.
God Saves the Jews from Drunk Elephants
Authors: Goff Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a concise overview of 3 Maccabees. After winning the Battle of Raphia, the Egyptian king Ptolemy IV tried to enter the Jerusalem temple but was rebuffed by angels. Back home in Egypt, he sought revenge by turning the people against the Jews. Jews were arrested and assembled in a coliseum to be trampled by drunk elephants before a large crowd. They attempted to do this on three separate occasions, each time thwarted by divine intervention. 3 Maccabees claims that this divine deliverance was commemorated annually in Egypt with a festival. An important message of the book is that Jews, as a minority people in the ancient world, could suffer discrimination, but if they are pious and loyal to God, he will deliver them from oppression.
Syria and the Future of Jihad
Authors: Drevon Jerome 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The conclusion moves beyond the empirical study of the Syrian armed opposition to better understand Jihadi groups’ evolution outside Syria. This chapter discusses the potential impact of the Syrian conflict on the evolution of the Jihadi social movement, especially in light of the territorial defeat of IS in Iraq and Syria. It begins with a brief summary of Jihadi groups in the region in the years prior to 9/11 and the movement’s evolution up to the 2011 Arab uprisings. It examines the broader implications of the conflict for the evolution of Jihadi groups globally. This approach helps to re-evaluate the post-9/11 American policies towards Jihadi groups and their consequences.
Controlling Unfair Contract Terms
Authors: Pflücke Felix 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chapter 3 scrutinizes how European Union law and France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom control unfair contract terms. The chapter uncovers notable divergences among the rules adopted to implement the Unfair Contract Terms Directive in the four selected jurisdictions. This revelation significantly influences the research design of the empirical segment of this monograph. The chapter also analyses the legislative foundation of these unfair contract terms rules. It reveals a reliance not on scientifically grounded evidence but on alternative underpinnings. Initially, law-makers crafted these rules under the presumption of consumer rationality, subsequently empowering consumers through information rights rooted in neo-classical economic theory. The chapter subjects the incorporation of national practices into the legislative framework to critical examination.
Empirical Examination of Trader Compliance
Authors: Pflücke Felix 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter unveils the outcomes of the statistical analysis, drawing from data collected during the examination of 300 traders’ adherence to selected consumer rights, amounting to a total of 11,400 observations. This empirical inquiry uses the data gathered to validate the four hypotheses outlined in Chapter 5, employing a combination of descriptive and statistical methodologies. In addition, it provides comprehensive insights into compliance with each of the thirty-five selected consumer rights, shedding light on patterns of non-compliance. The chapter also delves into additional observations, including violations of consumer protection rules that fall outside the scope of the study.
The temptation of Occam’s Razor: jurisdiction, admissibility and party autonomy
Authors: Leung Ada Yee Lam , Leung Samuel Yee Ching 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Since the implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration in 1985, its jurisprudence has been developed in a broad array of aspects amongst which is the distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility. It has been said that the distinction is a useful tool in adjudicating the issue of whether an arbitral award should be set aside by a domestic court—but is it necessarily so? In C v D (2023) 26 HKCFAR 216, the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal had the opportunity to revisit the usefulness of the distinction. Given that the Court was divided on the issue, C v D not only provides two lines of thought for the international arbitration community to reflect on the distinction between jurisdiction and admissibility but also provides a reference for Model Law jurisdictions in deciding future cases.
Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing data analysis learning module on Google Cloud Platform
Authors: Qin Yujia , Maggio Angela , Hawkins Dale , Beaudry Laura , Kim Allen , Pan Daniel , Gong Ting , Fu Yuanyuan , Yang Hua , Deng Youping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named ‘NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning’ https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox at the beginning of this Supplement. This module is designed to facilitate interactive learning of whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data analysis utilizing cloud-based tools in Google Cloud Platform, such as Cloud Storage, Vertex AI notebooks and Google Batch. WGBS is a powerful technique that can provide comprehensive insights into DNA methylation patterns at single cytosine resolution, essential for understanding epigenetic regulation across the genome. The designed learning module first provides step-by-step tutorials that guide learners through two main stages of WGBS data analysis, preprocessing and the identification of differentially methylated regions. And then, it provides a streamlined workflow and demonstrates how to effectively use it for large datasets given the power of cloud infrastructure. The integration of these interconnected submodules progressively deepens the user’s understanding of the WGBS analysis process along with the use of cloud resources. Through this module, we can enhance the accessibility and adoption of cloud computing in epigenomic research, speeding up the advancements in the related field and beyond.
This manuscript describes the development of a resource module that is part of a learning platform named ``NIGMS Sandbox for Cloud-based Learning'' https://github.com/NIGMS/NIGMS-Sandbox. The overall genesis of the Sandbox is described in the editorial NIGMS Sandbox [1] at the beginning of this Supplement. This module delivers learning materials on the analysis of bulk and single-cell ATAC-seq data in an interactive format that uses appropriate cloud resources for data access and analyses.
Precision probiotics supplement strategy in aging population based on gut microbiome composition
Authors: Chuang Yi-Fang , Fan Kang-Chen , Su Yin-Yuan , Wu Ming-Fong , Chiu Yen-Ling , Liu Yi-Chien , Lin Chen-Ching 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of age-related chronic diseases burdening healthcare systems, there is a pressing need for innovative management strategies. Our study focuses on the gut microbiota, essential for metabolic, nutritional, and immune functions, which undergoes significant changes with aging. These changes can impair intestinal function, leading to altered microbial diversity and composition that potentially influence health outcomes and disease progression. Using advanced metagenomic sequencing, we explore the potential of personalized probiotic supplements in 297 older adults by analyzing their gut microbiota. We identified distinctive Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium signatures in the gut microbiota of older adults, revealing probiotic patterns associated with various population characteristics, microbial compositions, cognitive functions, and neuroimaging results. These insights suggest that tailored probiotic supplements, designed to match individual probiotic profile, could offer an innovative method for addressing age-related diseases and functional declines. Our findings enhance the existing evidence base for probiotic use among older adults, highlighting the opportunity to create more targeted and effective probiotic strategies. However, additional research is required to validate our results and further assess the impact of precision probiotics on aging populations. Future studies should employ longitudinal designs and larger cohorts to conclusively demonstrate the benefits of tailored probiotic treatments.
Nationalist Soundscapes: The Sonic Violence of the Far Right
Authors: Gillespie Liam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sound’s ability to impact the body and cross borders places it firmly within the remit of criminological concern. However, although sound continually emerges as a feature of far-right protests and riots—including through music, chants, singing, yelling and drumming—the role it fulfils for the far right has gone untheorized. To address this gap, this article introduces the concept of ‘nationalist soundscapes’, which describes the mechanisms through which far-right nationalists deploy sound to effectuate a politics of power, domination and nationalist superiority. Referencing a selection of events, I argue nationalists weaponize sound in a way that is unique to them, insofar as nationalist soundscapes are deployed to assert ownership over the nation, while simultaneously displacing racialized others through sonic violence.
Consensus Definitions of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection and Disease in Transplant Patients Including Resistant and Refractory CMV for Use in Clinical Trials: 2024 Update From the Transplant Associated Virus Infections Forum
Authors: Ljungman Per , Chemaly Roy F , Khawaya Fareed , Alain Sophie , Avery Robin , Badshah Cyrus , Boeckh Michael , Fournier Martha , Hodowanec Aimee , Komatsu Takashi , Limaye Ajit P , Manuel Oriol , Natori Yoichiro , Navarro David , Pikis Andreas , Razonable Raymund R , Westman Gabriel , Miller Veronica , Griffiths Paul D , Kotton Camille N ,   for the CMV Definitions Working Group of the Transplant Associated Virus Infections Forum, Hodowanec Aimee , Komatsu Takashi , Piki Andreas , Westman Gabriel , Caliendo Angie , Chou Sunwen , Humar Atul , Randhawa Parmjeet , Slavin Monica , Wong Michelle , Wolf Dana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and disease are important causes of morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. For the purpose of developing consistent reporting of CMV outcomes in clinical trials, definitions of CMV infection and disease were developed and most recently published in 2017. Since then, there have been major developments, including registration of new antiviral agents. Therefore, the Transplant Associated Virus Infections Forum, which consists of scientists, clinicians, regulators, and industry representatives, has produced an updated version of these definitions that incorporates recent knowledge with the aim of supporting clinical research and drug development. This also includes an update regarding the definition of resistant and refractory CMV infections previously published in 2019. As the field evolves, the need for updates of these definitions is clear, and collaborative efforts among clinicians, scientists, regulators, and industry representatives can provide a platform for this work.