bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biofilm Formation of O157 and Non‐O157 Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia coli and Multidrug‐Resistant and Susceptible Salmonella Typhimurium and Newport and Their Inactivation by Sanitizers
Authors: Fouladkhah Aliyar , Geornaras Ifigenia , Sofos John N. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study compared biofilm formation by 7 serogroups of pathogenic Escherichia coli and 2 or 3 phenotypes of Salmonella (susceptible, multidrug‐resistant [MDR], and/or multidrug resistant with ampC gene [MDR‐AmpC]). One‐week mature biofilms were also exposed to water, quaternary ammonium compound‐based (QAC), and acid‐based (AB) sanitizers. Seven groups (strain mixture) of above‐mentioned pathogens were separately spot‐inoculated onto stainless steel coupons surfaces for target inoculation of 2 log CFU/cm2, then stored statically, partially submerged in 10% nonsterilized meat homogenate at 4, 15, and 25 °C. Biofilm cells were enumerated on days 0, 1, 4, and 7 following submersion in 30 mL for 1 min in water, QAC, and AB. Counts on inoculation day ranged from 1.6 ± 0.4 to 2.4 ± 0.6 log CFU/cm2 and changed to 1.2 ± 0.8 to 1.9 ± 0.8 on day 7 at 4 °C with no appreciable difference among the 7 pathogen groups. After treatment with QAC and AB on day 7, counts were reduced (P < 0.05) to less than 0.7 ± 0.6 and 1.2 ± 0.5, respectively, with similar trends among pathogens. Biofilm formation at higher temperatures was more enhanced; E. coli O157:H7, as an example, increased (P < 0.05) from 1.4 ± 0.6 and 2.0 ± 0.3 on day 0 to 4.8 ± 0.6 and 6.5 ± 0.2 on day 7 at 15 and 25 °C, respectively. As compared to 4 °C, after sanitation, more survivors were observed for 15 and 25 °C treatments with no appreciable differences among pathogens. Overall, we observed similar patterns of growth and susceptibility to QAC and AB sanitizers of the 7 tested pathogen groups with enhanced biofilm formation capability and higher numbers of treatment survivors at higher temperatures.
Tabula rasa or refugia? Using genetic data to assess the peopling of Arabia
Authors: Rose Jeffrey I. , Černý Viktor , Bayoumi Riad 
Published: April 2013

This paper provides a broad overview of the current state of archaeogenetic research in Arabia. We summarise recent studies of mitochondrial DNA and lactase persistence allele ‐13915*G in order to reconstruct the population histories of modern Arabs. These data, in turn, enable us to assess different scenarios for the peopling of the Peninsula over the course of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene. The evidence supports the posited existence of Arabian refugia, although it is inconclusive which (e.g. Persian Gulf basin, Yemeni highlands and/or Red Sea basin) was/were responsible for housing ancestral populations during the Last Glacial Maximum. Synthesising genetic and archaeological data sets, we conclude that a substantial portion of the present South Arabian gene pool derives from a deeply rooted population that underwent significant internal growth within Arabia some 12,000 years ago. At the same time, we interpret the disappearance of Nejd Leptolithic archaeological sites in southern Arabia around 8000 years ago to represent the termination of a significant component of the Pleistocene gene pool.
Thoughts on nomadism in Middle Holocene Oman
Authors: Cavulli Fabio , Scaruffi Simona 
Published: April 2013

In the study of the Arabian Middle Holocene, some of the least widely understood topics are those of nomadism, subsistence strategy and mobility. Until now, various scholars operating in the area have proposed different models, particularly on the basis of faunal analysis and territory evaluations.The focus of this paper will be to reconsider this debate in light of studies carried out in the Ja'lān region in the Sultanate of Oman, where until 1985 the Joint Hadd Project has been conducting archaeological research. Excavated deposits and survey results provide the archaeological basis and are compared with studies on climate, territory, nature and culture. Four different hypotheses for the fourth‐millennium Ja'lān communities are proposed and, comparing the different scales of movement with both the territory and resources, the more suitable is concluded to be a micro‐regional nomadism model. According to this model, which is well supported by the ethnographical evidence, human groups were moving seasonally from the coast to the mountains, scouring the widyān route. A dearth of archaeological data from the internal area, due to a more widespread and less intense occupation, relatively poor preservation and a lack of proper archaeological survey, emphasise the limits and provide the stimulus for further research.
Trajectories of antipsychotic response in drug‐naive schizophrenia patients: results from the 6‐month ESPASS follow‐up study
Authors: Nordon C. , Rouillon F. , Azorin J. M. , Barry C. , Urbach M. , Falissard B. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore any heterogeneity in the 6‐month clinical response in patients with antipsychotic drug‐naive schizophrenia and to determine predictors of that outcome.Method467 patients with antipsychotic drug‐naive schizophrenia were included in France nationwide and followed up over 6 months. To identify trajectories of clinical response, a latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was performed using the Clinical Global Impression‐Severity (CGI‐S) scores at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months. Regression models were used to identify predictors of trajectory membership.ResultsFive trajectory groups were identified: a rapid response group (n = 45), a gradual response group (n = 204), patients remaining mildly ill (n = 133), patients remaining very ill (n = 23), and a group with unsustained clinical response (n = 62). Predictors of the 6‐month clinical response were baseline CGI‐S score (odds ratio: 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.1–4.4) and negative symptoms (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.9). The sole predictor of rapid response as compared to gradual response was employment (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2–4.9).ConclusionClinical response in patients with schizophrenia 6 months after a first‐ever antipsychotic drug initiation is heterogeneous. Therapeutic strategies in first episode should take account of symptom severity and early clinical response, to maximize the chances of recovery.
A profile approach to impulsivity in bipolar disorder: the key role of strong emotions
Authors: Muhtadie L. , Johnson S. L. , Carver C. S. , Gotlib I. H. , Ketter T. A. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveBipolar disorder has been associated with elevated impulsivity – a complex construct subsuming multiple facets. We aimed to compare specific facets of impulsivity in bipolar disorder, including those related to key psychological correlates of the illness: reward sensitivity and strong emotion.MethodNinety‐one individuals diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (inter‐episode period) and 80 controls completed several well‐validated impulsivity measures, including those relevant to reward (Fun‐seeking subscale of the Behavioral Activation System scale) and emotion (Positive Urgency and Negative Urgency scales).ResultsBipolar participants reported higher impulsivity scores than did controls on all of the impulsivity measures, except the Fun‐seeking subscale of the Behavioral Activation System scale. Positive Urgency – a measure assessing the tendency to act impulsively when experiencing strong positive emotion – yielded the largest group differences: F(1,170) = 78.69, P < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.316. Positive Urgency was also associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in the bipolar group: ΔR2 = 0.24, b = −0.45, P < 0.001.ConclusionIndividuals with bipolar I disorder appear to be at particular risk of behaving impulsively when experiencing strong positive emotions. Findings provide an important first step toward developing a more refined understanding of impulsivity in bipolar disorder with the potential to inform targeted interventions.
Post‐prandial reflux suppression by a raft‐forming alginate (Gaviscon Advance) compared to a simple antacid documented by magnetic resonance imaging and pH‐impedance monitoring: mechanistic assessment in healthy volunteers and randomised, controlled, double‐blind study in reflux patients
Authors: Sweis R. , Kaufman E. , Anggiansah A. , Wong T. , Dettmar P. , Fried M. , Schwizer W. , Avvari R. K. , Pal A. , Fox M. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundAlginates form a raft above the gastric contents, which may suppress gastro‐oesophageal reflux; however, inconsistent effects have been reported in mechanistic and clinical studies.AimsTo visualise reflux suppression by an alginate–antacid [Gaviscon Advance (GA), Reckitt Benckiser, UK] compared with a nonraft‐forming antacid using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to determine the feasibility of pH‐impedance monitoring for assessment of reflux suppression by alginates.MethodsTwo studies were performed: (i) GA and antacid (Alucol, Wander Ltd, Switzerland) were visualised in the stomach after ingestion in 12 healthy volunteers over 30 min after a meal by MRI, with reflux events documented by manometry. (ii) A randomised controlled, double‐blind cross‐over trial of post‐prandial reflux suppression documented by pH‐impedance in 20 patients randomised to GA or antacid (Milk of Magnesia; Boots, UK) after two meals taken 24 h apart.ResultsMRI visualized a “mass” of GA form at the oesophago‐gastric junction (OGJ); simple antacid sank to the distal stomach. The number of post‐prandial common cavity reflux events was less with GA than antacid [median 2 (0–5) vs. 5 (1–11); P < 0.035].Distal reflux events and acid exposure measured by pH‐impedance were similar after GA and antacid. There was a trend to reduced proximal reflux events with GA compared with antacid [10.5 (8.9) vs. 13.9 (8.3); P = 0.070].ConclusionsGaviscon Advance forms a ‘mass’ close to the OGJ and significantly suppresses reflux compared with a nonraft‐forming antacid. Standard pH‐impedance monitoring is suitable for clinical studies of GA in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease patients where proximal reflux is the primary outcome.
Binding of glycated ovocystatin to rat renal brush border membranes
Authors: Golab Krzysztof , Gburek Jakub , Konopska Bogusława , Krotkiewski Hubert , Warwas Maria 
Published: April 2013

AbstractGlycated proteins are considered as one of the factors involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, including nephropathy. These proteins are formed endogenously under conditions of hyperglycemia, as well as being provided with food containing sugars, which was subjected to high temperature. Examples are egg products. One of the proteins found in eggs in a relatively high concentration is chicken cystatin (ovocystatin). It is now believed that some proteins can passage the intestinal epithelium by transcytosis directly into the bloodstream. Thus, glycated protein present in food can be an additional source of glycotoxins. The aim of this study was to compare the affinity of native and glycated cystatin to the brush border membranes of rat kidney. Kinetic analysis was performed with surface plasmon resonance technique using sensor chip L1. Dissociation constants for native and glycated cystatin (Kd) were 2.76 μmol/L and 3.82 μmol/L, respectively. The results of our study indicate that glycation only slightly affects binding of cystatin to brush border membranes. This suggests that glycated cystatin and other glycated proteins may also be efficiently taken up in the kidney proximal tubule. The observation may be important for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
The temporal stability and predictive validity of affect‐based and cognition‐based intentions
Authors: Keer Mario , Conner Mark , Van den Putte Bas , Neijens Peter 
Published: April 2013

Recent research has revealed individual differences in the extent to which people base their intentions on affect and cognition. Two studies are presented that assess whether such differences predict the strength of individuals' intention–behaviour relationships. Participants completed measures of affect, cognition, intention, and behaviour regarding a range of health behaviours. Study 1 (N = 300) found that the strength of the intention–behaviour relationship was significantly related to the extent to which individuals based their intentions on affect, but not to the extent they based them on cognition. Study 2 (N = 387) replicated the findings of the first study. In addition, Study 2 revealed that intention stability mediated the relationship between the degree people based their intentions on affect and the strength of the intention–behaviour relationship. Thus, individuals who base their intentions strongly on affect have more stable intentions, and are therefore more likely to enact them.
Middle Eocene‐Oligocene broken‐foreland evolution in the Andean Calchaqui Valley, NW Argentina: insights from stratigraphic, structural and provenance studies
Authors: del Papa C. , Hongn F. , Powell J. , Payrola P. , Do Campo M. , Strecker M. R. , Petrinovic I. , Schmitt A. K. , Pereyra R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo end‐member models have been proposed for the Paleogene Andean foreland: a simple W‐E migrating foreland model and a broken‐foreland model. We present new stratigraphic, sedimentological and structural data from the Paleogene Quebrada de los Colorados (QLC) Formation, in the Eastern Cordillera, with which to test these two different models. Basin‐wide unconformities, growthstrata and changes in provenance indicate deposition of the QLC Formation in a tectonically active basin. Both west‐ and east‐vergent structures, rooted in the basement, controlled the deposition and distribution of the QLC Formation from the Middle Eocene to the Early Miocene. The provenance analysis indicates that the main source areas were basement blocks, like the Paleozoic Oire Eruptive Complex, uplifted during Paleogene shortening, and that delimits the eastern boundary of the present‐day intraorogenic Puna plateau. A comparison of the QLC sedimentary basin‐fill pattern with those of adjacent Paleogene basins in the Puna plateau and in the Santa Bárbara System highlights the presence of discrete depozones. These reflect the early compartmentalization of the foreland, rather than a stepwise advance of the deformation front of a thrust belt. The early Tertiary foreland of the southern central Andes is represented by a ca. 250‐km‐wide area comprising several deformation zones (Arizaro, Macón, Copalayo and Calchaquí) in which doubly vergent or asymmetric structures, rooted in the basement, were generated. Hence, classical foreland model is difficult to apply in this Paleogene basin; and our data and interpretation agree with a broken‐foreland model.
The influence of bone marrow- and synovium-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from osteoarthritis patients on regulatory T cells in co-culture
Authors: Hagmann S , Gotterbarm T , Müller T , Baesig A-M , Gantz S , Dreher T , Kämmerer P W , Frank S , Zeifang F , Moradi B 
Published: April 2013

Summary
There is increasing evidence that inflammation in the synovium plays a major role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the immunogenic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are considered to regulate immunity in various diseases, remain largely unknown in OA. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of MSCs from OA patients on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in an allogeneic co-culture model. Bone marrow (BM) and synovial membrane (SM) were harvested from hip joints of OA patients and co-cultured with lymphocytes enriched in CD4+CD25+CD127– regulatory T cells (Treg+LC) from healthy donors. Treg proportions and MSC markers were assessed by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels were assessed after 2 and 5 days of co-cultivation. Additionally, Treg+LC cultures were analysed in the presence of interleukin (IL)-6 and MSC-supernatant complemented medium. B-MSCs and S-MSCs were able to retain the Treg proportion compared to lymphocyte monocultures. T cell–MSC co-cultures showed a significant increase of IL-6 compared to MSC cultures. S-MSCs produced higher amounts of IL-6 compared to B-MSCs, both in single and T cell co-cultures. The effect of retaining the Treg percentage could be reproduced partially by IL-6 addition to the medium, but could only be observed fully when using MSC culture supernatants. Our data demonstrate that retaining the Treg phenotype in MSC–T cell co-cultures can be mediated by MSC derived from OA patients. IL-6 plays an important role in mediating these processes. To our knowledge, this study is the first describing the interaction of MSCs from OA patients and Tregs in an allogeneic co-culture model.
Factors associated with placement breakdown initiated by foster parents – empirical findings from Germany
Authors: van Santen Eric 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of covariates on the probability of placement breakdown in non‐kinship family foster care. Breakdowns are distinguished according to the initiator: children, carers, foster parents and the local child welfare authorities. The children concerned had entered foster care at ages ranging from 0 to a maximum of 17 years (n = 14 171).A significantly higher risk of breakdown on the initiative of the foster parents is found in male children, children whose parents receive financial support, children whose parents were removed from the register of carers, children who were between 6 and 15 years old when they joined the foster family, children who had earlier lived in a different foster family or residential care, children from patchwork families and children whose joining of a foster family was the result of disruptive social behaviour.Two‐thirds of the children from non‐kinship family foster care who stay in the foster family was ended on the initiative of the foster parents are subsequently looked after in residential care. That is three times the rate for all terminated foster relationships. Breakdowns on the initiative of the foster parents thus indicate a high risk of unstable care history developing and accordingly necessitate prevention strategies.
Resistance as a means of creating accountability in child welfare institutions
Authors: Severinsson Susanne , Markström Ann‐Marie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the identity constructions of youths who are objects of special interventions in the area of child welfare. The aim of the paper was to explore the various dimensions of resistance to institutional identities among youths in special schools and foster‐care institutions. Interviews were conducted with adolescents aged between 12 and 15, identified as having social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. The analysis generates knowledge about society's interventions as well as how adolescents respond to offered institutional identities by adopting different kinds of discursive resistance. The paper highlights the different types of discursive resistance that adolescents use to present themselves as accountable individuals and discusses the importance of considering resistance as a positive force rather than as something that must be defeated.
Submucosal implantation of soft tissue expanders does not affect microcirculation
Authors: Kaner Doğan , Zhao Han , Terheyden Hendrik , Friedmann Anton 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of submucosal implantation of self‐filling osmotic tissue expanders on mucosal microcirculation.Material and methodsIn ten beagle dogs, all premolars were extracted on both sides of the mandible. Tooth‐supporting bone and excess soft tissue were removed to mimic a severely resorbed edentulous ridge. Six weeks later, tissue expanders with 0.7 ml final volume were implanted into a submucosal pouch at randomly selected test sites, while contralateral sites served as untreated controls. Microcirculation was assessed in perfusion units (PU) before surgery, after local anaesthesia, directly after surgery, and after 1 and 3 days, using Laser Doppler flowmetry.ResultsLocal anaesthesia caused a significant decrease of blood flow from baseline (zero) to −6.4 PU (median; Q1 −10.5; Q3 −0.9; P = 0.006); however, no additional significant decrease was recorded after completion of surgery. Blood flow showed significant increases to −3.6 PU (median; Q1 −11.3, Q3 2.1; P = 0.02) and −4.0 PU (median; Q1 −9.2, Q3 1.1; P = 0.013) after 1 and 3 days, respectively, when compared to the measurements obtained after application of local anaesthesia and completion of surgery. Blood flow had returned to unimpaired baseline levels 1 day after surgery (P > 0.05).ConclusionsSubmucosal implantation of self‐filling osmotic tissue expanders results in only momentary disturbance of microcirculation. The minor impairment of perfusion may explain the consistently good outcomes of submucosal implantation of these tissue expanders.
Self‐Regulation of Sleep, Emotion, and Weight during Adolescence: Implications for Translational Research and Practice
Authors: Rofey Dana L. , McMakin Dana L. , Shaw Daniel , Dahl Ronald E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSelf‐regulation—the ability to manage motivations, emotions, physiological sensations, and behavior to meet internal and external demands of the environment—is critical to health and development. Adolescence represents a dynamic period of change in both the demand and capacity for self‐regulation. As teens mature and become more autonomous, they are confronted with decisions in determining where they spend their time, what they eat, when they go to bed, and how they prioritize and pursue various social, academic, and recreational goals. We highlight opportunities to improve self‐regulatory capacities and related health outcomes during this important developmental window. In particular, we focus on emotion regulation, sleep regulation, and weight regulation as three separate but synergistic self‐regulatory systems that may provide unique opportunities for intervention to optimize health outcomes. To this end, we begin by describing developmental changes that occur in emotion, sleep and weight regulatory systems during the transitional period of adolescence, as well as how these changes can lead to profound and enduring health consequences. Next, we describe emerging evidence that indicates complex and synergistic interactions among these regulatory systems during adolescence. Last, we end with possible prevention and intervention efforts that capitalize on the interactions among these three regulatory domains.
Early Career Academic Researchers and Community‐Based Participatory Research: Wrestling Match or Dancing Partners?
Authors: Lowry Kelly Walker , Ford‐Paz Rebecca 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEarly career faculty members at academic medical centers face unique obstacles when engaging in community‐based participatory research (CBPR). Challenges and opportunities for solutions pertaining to mentorship, time demands, unfamiliarity of colleagues with CBPR approaches, ethical review regulations, funding, and publication and promotion are discussed.