bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self protein-protein interactions are involved in TPPP/p25 mediated microtubule bundling
Authors: DeBonis Salvatore , Neumann Emmanuelle , Skoufias Dimitrios A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTPPP/p25 is a microtubule-associated protein, detected in protein inclusions associated with various neurodegenerative diseases. Deletion analysis data show that TPPP/p25 has two microtubule binding sites, both located in intrinsically disordered domains, one at the N-terminal and the other in the C-terminal domain. In copolymerization assays the full-length protein exhibits microtubule stimulation and bundling activity. In contrast, at the same ratio relative to tubulin, truncated forms of TPPP/p25 exhibit either lower or no microtubule stimulation and no bundling activity, suggesting a cooperative phenomenon which is enhanced by the presence of the two binding sites. The binding characteristics of the N- and C-terminally truncated proteins to taxol-stabilized microtubules are similar to the full-length protein. However, the C-terminally truncated TPPP/p25 shows a lower Bmax for microtubule binding, suggesting that it may bind to a site of tubulin that is masked in microtubules. Bimolecular fluorescent complementation assays in cells expressing combinations of various TPPP/p25 fragments, but not that of the central folded domain, resulted in the generation of a fluorescence signal colocalized with perinuclear microtubule bundles insensitive to microtubule inhibitors. The data suggest that the central folded domain of TPPP/p25 following binding to microtubules can drive s homotypic protein-protein interactions leading to bundled microtubules.
A Highly Efficient Sensor Platform Using Simply Manufactured Nanodot Patterned Substrates
Authors: Rasappa Sozaraj , Ghoshal Tandra , Borah Dipu , Senthamaraikannan Ramsankar , Holmes Justin D. , Morris Michael A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBlock copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is a low-cost means to nanopattern surfaces. Here, we use these nanopatterns to directly print arrays of nanodots onto a conducting substrate (Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) coated glass) for application as an electrochemical sensor for ethanol (EtOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection. The work demonstrates that BCP systems can be used as a highly efficient, flexible methodology for creating functional surfaces of materials. Highly dense iron oxide nanodots arrays that mimicked the original BCP pattern were prepared by an ‘insitu’ BCP inclusion methodology using poly(styrene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO). The electrochemical behaviour of these densely packed arrays of iron oxide nanodots fabricated by two different molecular weight PS-b-PEO systems was studied. The dual detection of EtOH and H2O2was clearly observed. The as-prepared nanodots have good long term thermal and chemical stability at the substrate and demonstrate promising electrocatalytic performance.
Purkinje Cells as Sources of Arrhythmias in Long QT Syndrome Type 3
Authors: Iyer Vivek , Roman-Campos Danilo , Sampson Kevin J. , Kang Guoxin , Fishman Glenn I. , Kass Robert S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLong QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Purkinje cells (PC) within the specialized cardiac conduction system have unique electrophysiological properties that we hypothesize may produce the primary sources of arrhythmia in heritable LQTS. LQTS type 3 (LQT3) transgenic mice harboring the ΔKPQ+/− mutation were crossed with Contactin2-EGFP BAC transgenic mice, which express a fluorescent reporter gene within the Purkinje fiber network. Isolated ventricular myocytes (VMs) (EGFP−) and PCs (EGFP+) from wild type and ΔKPQ mutant hearts were compared using the whole-cell patch clamp technique and microfluorimetry of calcium transients. Increased late sodium current was seen in ΔKPQ-PCs and ΔKPQ-VMs, with larger density in ΔKPQ-PCs. Marked prolongation of action potential duration of ΔKPQ-PCs was seen compared to ΔKPQ-VMs. ΔKPQ-PCs, but not ΔKPQ-VMs, exhibited frequent early afterdepolarizations, which corresponded to repetitive oscillations of intracellular calcium. Abnormalities in cell repolarization were reversed with exposure to mexiletine. We present the first direct experimental evidence that PCs are uniquely sensitive to LQT3 mutations, displaying electrophysiological behavior that is highly pro-arrhythmic.
Unfolding the band structure of non-crystalline photonic band gap materials
Authors: Tsitrin Samuel , Williamson Eric Paul , Amoah Timothy , Nahal Geev , Chan Ho Leung , Florescu Marian , Man Weining 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNon-crystalline photonic band gap (PBG) materials have received increasing attention and sizeable PBGs have been reported in quasi-crystalline structures and, more recently, in disordered structures. Band structure calculations for periodic structures produce accurate dispersion relations, which determine group velocities, dispersion, density of states and iso-frequency surfaces and are used to predict a wide-range of optical phenomena including light propagation, excited-state decay rates, temporal broadening or compression of ultrashort pulses and complex refraction phenomena. However, band calculations for non-periodic structures employ large super-cells of hundreds to thousands building blocks and provide little useful information other than the PBG central frequency and width. Using stereolithography, we construct cm-scale disordered PBG materials and perform microwave transmission measurements, as well as finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The photonic dispersion relations are reconstructed from the measured and simulated phase data. Our results demonstrate the existence of sizeable PBGs in these disordered structures and provide detailed information of the effective band diagrams, dispersion relation, iso-frequency contours and their angular dependence. Slow light phenomena are also observed in these structures near gap frequencies. This study introduces a powerful tool to investigate photonic properties of non-crystalline structures and provides important effective dispersion information, otherwise difficult to obtain.
Reconsolidation of a cocaine associated memory requires DNA methyltransferase activity in the basolateral amygdala
Authors: Shi Hai-Shui , Luo Yi-Xiao , Yin Xi , Wu Hong-Hai , Xue Gai , Geng Xu-Hong , Hou Yan-Ning 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDrug addiction is considered an aberrant form of learning and drug-associated memories evoked by the presence of associated stimuli (drug context or drug-related cues) contribute to recurrent craving and reinstatement. Epigenetic changes mediated by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) have been implicated in the reconsolidation of fear memory. Here, we investigated the role of DNMT activity in the reconsolidation of cocaine-associated memories. Rats were trained over 10 days to intravenously self-administer cocaine by nosepokes. Each injection was paired with a light/tone conditioned stimulus (CS). After acquisition of stable self-administration behaviour, rats underwent nosepoke extinction (10 d) followed by cue-induced reactivation and subsequent cue-induced and cocaine-priming + cue-induced reinstatement tests or subsequently tested to assess the strength of the cocaine-associated cue as a conditioned reinforcer to drive cocaine seeking behaviour. Bilateral intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion of the DNMT inhibitor5-azacytidine (5-AZA, 1 μg per side) immediately following reactivation decreased subsequent reinstatement induced by cues or cocaine priming as well as cue-maintained cocaine-seeking behaviour. In contrast, delayed intra-BLA infusion of 5-AZA 6 h after reactivation or 5-AZA infusion without reactivation had no effect on subsequent cue-induced reinstatement. These findings indicate that memory reconsolidation for a cocaine-paired stimulus depends critically on DNMT activity in the BLA.
Effect of ethnicity and socioeconomic variation to the gut microbiota composition among pre-adolescent in Malaysia
Authors: Chong Chun Wie , Ahmad Arine Fadzlun , Lim Yvonne Ai Lian , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju , Yap Ivan Kok Seng , Lee Soo Ching , Chin Yuee Teng , Loke P’ng , Chua Kek Heng 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGut microbiota plays an important role in mammalian host metabolism and physiological functions. The functions are particularly important in young children where rapid mental and physical developments are taking place. Nevertheless, little is known about the gut microbiome and the factors that contribute to microbial variation in the gut of South East Asian children. Here, we compared the gut bacterial richness and composition of pre-adolescence in Northern Malaysia. Our subjects covered three distinct ethnic groups with relatively narrow range of socioeconomic discrepancy. These included the Malays (n = 24), Chinese (n = 17) and the Orang Asli (indigenous) (n = 20). Our results suggested a strong ethnicity and socioeconomic-linked bacterial diversity. Highest bacterial diversity was detected from the economically deprived indigenous children while the lowest diversity was recorded from the relatively wealthy Chinese children. In addition, predicted functional metagenome profiling suggested an over-representation of pathways pertinent to bacterial colonisation and chemotaxis in the former while the latter exhibited enriched gene pathways related to sugar metabolism.
Losing dexterity: patterns of impaired coordination of finger movements in musician’s dystonia
Authors: Furuya Shinichi , Tominaga Kenta , Miyazaki Fumio , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: August 2015

AbstractExtensive training can bring about highly-skilled action, but may also impair motor dexterity by producing involuntary movements and muscular cramping, as seen in focal dystonia (FD) and tremor. To elucidate the underlying neuroplastic mechanisms of FD, the present study addressed the organization of finger movements during piano performance in pianists suffering from the condition. Principal component (PC) analysis identified three patterns of fundamental joint coordination constituting finger movements in both patients and controls. The first two coordination patterns described less individuated movements between the “dystonic” finger and key-striking fingers for patients compared to controls. The third coordination pattern, representing the individuation of movements between the middle and ring fingers, was evident during a sequence of strikes with these fingers in controls, which was absent in the patients. Consequently, rhythmic variability of keystrokes was more pronounced during this sequence of strikes for the patients. A stepwise multiple-regression analysis further identified greater variability of keystrokes for individuals displaying less individuated movements between the affected and striking fingers. The findings suggest that FD alters dexterous joint coordination so as to lower independent control of finger movements and thereby degrades fine motor control.
Vagotomy attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice
Authors: Song Nana , Liu Jun , Shaheen Saad , Du Lei , Proctor Mary , Roman Jesse , Yu Jerry 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe progression of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) entails a complex network of interactions between multiple classes of molecules and cells, which are closely related to the vagus nerve. Stimulation of the vagus nerve increases fibrogenic cytokines in humans, therefore, activation of the nerve may promote PF. The hypothesis was tested by comparing the extent and severity of fibrosis in lungs with and without vagal innervation in unilaterally vagotomized mice. The results show that in vagotomized lungs, there were less collagen staining, less severe fibrotic foci (subpleural, peri-vascular and peri-bronchiolar lesions) and destruction of alveolar architecture; decreased collagen deposition (denervated vs intact: COL1α1, 19.1 ± 2.2 vs 22.0 ± 2.6 ng/mg protein; COL1α2, 4.5 ± 0.3 vs 5.7 ± 0.5 ng/mg protein; p < 0.01, n = 21) and protein levels of transforming growth factor beta and interleukin 4; and fewer myofibroblast infiltration (denervated vs intact: 1.2 ± 0.2 vs 3.2 ± 0.6 cells/visual field; p < 0.05, n = 6) and M2 macrophages [though the infiltration of macrophages was increased (denervated vs intact: 112 ± 8 vs 76 ± 9 cells/visual field; p < 0.01, n = 6), the percentage of M2 macrophages was decreased (denervated vs intact: 31 ± 4 vs 57 ± 9%; p < 0.05, n = 5)]. It indicated that the vagus nerve may influence PF by enhancing fibrogenic factors and fibrogenic cells.
Chaos‐based selected mapping scheme for physical layer security in OFDM‐PON
Authors: Hu Xiaonan , Yang Xuelin , Hu Weisheng 
Published: August 2015

A novel chaos‐based selected mapping (SLM) scheme is proposed for physical layer security in OFDM‐PONs, where a Hénon chaos map is employed to create a large key space for OFDM data encryption. The transmission performance is significantly improved due to the peak‐to‐average power ratio reduction in the SLM scheme. High quality 8.9 Gbit/s 16‐QAM OFDM encrypted data transmission is demonstrated over a 20 km single‐mode fibre.
Using empirical mode decomposition and fractional Fourier transform‐segment filtering algorithm to suppress high‐power interference in non‐linear chirp radars
Authors: Elgamel Sherif A. 
Published: August 2015

A jamming filtering algorithm in linear frequency modulation (FM) chirp radar systems is introduced before depending on the conjunction work of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and fractional Fourier transform (FrFT). A new jamming filtering algorithm (EMD‐FrFT‐segment filtering) based on EMD‐FrFT is carried out for non‐linear (logarithmic) chirp radar systems. EMD‐FrFT‐segment filtering algorithm is used as a pre‐filtering stage to decrease the additive high‐power interference signal to the radar useful signal. The idea of the proposed EMD‐FrFT‐segment filtering algorithm is to break down the logarithmic chirp into a set of approximately linear chirps. Each approximate linear chirp segment is filtered using FrFT filtering before appending all these filtered segments to reconstruct the received filtered vector. Up to 18 dB improvement in the signal‐to‐f is achieved for different target signal‐to‐interference noise ratio.
Algorithm for dealing with time‐varying signal within sliding‐window for harmonics estimation
Authors: Jain Sachin Kumar 
Published: August 2015

In many state‐of‐the‐art signal processing techniques, a signal within sliding‐window (SW) is assumed stationary for analysing non‐stationary signals. Whenever this assumption is violated, inaccuracies increase to the unacceptable levels. A narrow window‐width is recommended for limiting the effect of variations within window, however, it results in poor frequency resolution and demands for increased computational resources. This study presents a simple and efficient algorithm to address amplitude‐variation in a signal within SW, thus, allowing time resolution of 1‐cycle and frequency resolution of 5 Hz (as per IEC Std. 61000‐4‐7) with improved accuracy and reliability of the fast Fourier transform of the time‐varying signal. The proposed algorithm computes and applies necessary corrections to provide accurate estimates of the integer harmonics for the most recent cycle, irrespective of the number of cycles within the SW. The proposed algorithm is computationally efficient and fast, therefore, can be implemented easily either on digital signal processor or field programmable gate arrays hardware platform. The salient features of the proposed algorithm have been validated on variety of simulated and experimental signals, and have been compared with similar existing techniques in practice nowadays.
Color from hierarchy: Diverse optical properties of micron-sized spherical colloidal assemblies
Authors: Vogel Nicolas , Utech Stefanie , England Grant T. , Shirman Tanya , Phillips Katherine R. , Koay Natalie , Burgess Ian B. , Kolle Mathias , Weitz David A. , Aizenberg Joanna 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Controlling the internal structure over multiple length scales can produce materials with superior properties. This hierarchical design is ubiquitous in nature where materials have evolved to show maximum functionality from a limited choice of available building blocks. Mimicking the emergence of functionality from simple building blocks is a key challenge for man-made materials. Here, we show how a simple confined self-assembly of colloidal particles leads to a complex geometry that displays a surprising variety of optical effects. These effects are a result of the intricate interaction of light with the structural features at different length scales, and the geometry of the self-assembled structure. The results underline the importance of controlling assembly processes over multiple length scales to tailor properties and maximize performance.
E-cadherin junction formation involves an active kinetic nucleation process
Authors: Biswas Kabir H. , Hartman Kevin L. , Yu Cheng-han , Harrison Oliver J. , Song Hang , Smith Adam W. , Huang William Y. C. , Lin Wan-Chen , Guo Zhenhuan , Padmanabhan Anup , Troyanovsky Sergey M. , Dustin Michael L. , Shapiro Lawrence , Honig Barry , Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Groves Jay T. 
Published: August 2015

Significance
Epithelial (E)-cadherin-based adherens junctions are the basis of epithelial tissue integrity in Metazoans. They are composed of E-cadherin molecules interacting with each other from apposed cells. Using artificial supported lipid bilayers functionalized with the full-length extracellular domain of E-cadherin and live cells, we show that E-cadherin junction formation involves a nucleation process mediated by active filopodia retraction and requiring reduced mobility of E-cadherin on supported lipid bilayers. These results underscore the importance of controlling physical aspects of the cellular microenvironment with synthetic materials for in vitro live cell applications. In this case, tuning the mobility of a viscous fluid display surface enabled functional reconstitution of a cadherin-mediated adhesion junction.
The metabolic and temporal basis of muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance exercise
Authors: Brook Matthew S. , Wilkinson Daniel J. , Smith Kenneth , Atherton Philip J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractConstituting ∼40% of body mass, skeletal muscle has essential locomotory and metabolic functions. As such, an insight into the control of muscle mass is of great importance for maintaining health and quality‐of‐life into older age, under conditions of cachectic disease and with rehabilitation. In healthy weight‐bearing individuals, muscle mass is maintained by the equilibrium between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown; when this balance tips in favour of MPS hypertrophy occurs. Despite considerable research into pharmacological/nutraceutical interventions, resistance exercise training (RE‐T) remains the most potent stimulator of MPS and hypertrophy (in the majority of individuals). However, the mechanism(s) and time course of hypertrophic responses to RE‐T remain poorly understood. We would suggest that available data are very much in favour of the notion that the majority of hypertrophy occurs in the early phases of RE‐T (though still controversial to some) and that, for the most part, continued gains are hard to come by. Whilst the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy represent the culmination of mechanical, auto/paracrine and endocrine events, the measurement of MPS remains a cornerstone for understanding the control of hypertrophy – mainly because it is the underlying driving force behind skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Development of sophisticated isotopic techniques (i.e. deuterium oxide) that lend to longer term insight into the control of hypertrophy by sustained RE‐T will be paramount in providing insights into the metabolic and temporal regulation of hypertrophy. Such technologies will have broad application in muscle mass intervention for both athletes and for mitigating disease/age‐related cachexia and sarcopenia, alike.
Freedom, Providence, and Prayer
Authors: Blackwood Stephen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAs the ending of a meditative ascent often contains a standpoint that is comprehensive of the whole, this chapter aims to establish by meditative reading whether the fifth book of the Consolation contains such a standpoint, and if so, what it is. It is argued that the fifth book does disclose the principles that underlie the argument and method of the work as a whole; and that the final pages, in which human subjectivity is known to be grounded in the divine activity, attain the height of work’s meditative ascent and the culmination of its consolation.
Introduction
Authors: Strhan Anna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis introduction sets out the importance of in-depth ethnographic fieldwork with evangelicals for developing more nuanced understandings of evangelical cultures than standard sociological approaches based on surveys of short periods of research contact. It situates the particular significance of an urban ethnography of everyday evangelical life for deepening understanding of what it means to maintain a strong sense of religious identity in a secular modern context. The chapter outlines the methodological approach taken in the book, and describes the background and context of ‘St John’s’, detailing how the author came to focus on the central themes of the book: coherence, equality, integrity, embodiment, and shame. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the significance of reflexivity in the lifeworlds of both evangelicals and ethnographers.
What Does God Want? Coherence, Love, and the Personality of God
Authors: Strhan Anna 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores how St John’s congregants experience the personality of God as coherent, and how this increases their consciousness of their own moral fragmentation, a tension they narrate through specific idioms of sin and idolatry. The chapter argues that this awareness of subjective division increases individuals’ desire for God, and describes how their ways of focusing on Jesus’s death provides an emotional release from these tensions. The chapter suggests that individuals’ learnt sense of guilt serves to bind them more closely in their sense of relationship with God in an ongoing process as they seek to understand themselves as forgiven and these tensions as ultimately reconciled by God, while simultaneously identifying themselves as sinful.
Foundation of Statistical Energy Analysis in Vibroacoustics
Authors: Le Bot A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This book deals with the statistical theory of sound and vibration. The foundation of statistical energy analysis is presented in detail. In the modal approach, an introduction to random vibration with application to complex systems having a large number of modes is provided. For the wave approach, the phenomena of propagation, group speed, and energy transport are extensively discussed. Particular emphasis is given to the emergence of diffuse field, the central concept of the theory. All important notions are gradually introduced—making the text self-contained—to lead the reader to the ultimate result of ‘coupling power proportionality’ and the concept of ‘vibrational temperature’.Further key topics include the analogy between thermodynamics and sound vibration. Applications are concerned with random vibration in mass–spring resonators, strings, beams, rods, and plates but also reverberation in room acoustics, radiation of sound, and sound response.
Ensemble of Resonators
Authors: Le Bot A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This chapter outlines the exchange of power between multi-degree-of-freedom subsystems. The equivalence between a large number of resonators and random resonators is presented by the Monte Carlo method. It is proved that the power exchanged between two subsystems is proportional to the difference of modal energies. The case of a uniform probability density for eigenfrequencies is fully treated.