bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water salinity effects on embryogenesis of the lesser sandeel, Ammodytes tobianus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Bonisławska Małgorzata , Tański Adam , Szulc Joanna , Machula Sylwia , Formicki Krzysztof 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Effects of water salinity (3.0–9.0 PSU) on the duration and outcome of embryogenesis in the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes tobianus (L.) as well as on survival, size, and malformation rate of the newly hatched larvae were followed, based on observations involving equipment consisting of a microscope and still and digital cameras. The images obtained and measurements of egg and larval dimensions were analyzed using the NIS elements Br. computer software package. The lowest salinity tested (3.0 PSU), similar to that in the inshore Baltic Sea waters native for the species studied, produced a lower fertilization rate and resulted in extended embryogenesis, reduced embryo survival, changes in the hatch size, and increased larval malformation rate. The high-end salinity (7.5–9.0 PSU), higher than that prevailing in the species’s spawning grounds in the Baltic Sea, resulted — similarly to the low-end salinity — in disturbed development and growth of the embryos.
Analysis of benthic macroinvertebrate communities from the Lower sections of Large river in relation to different environmental factors
Authors: Krepski Tomasz , Pilecka-Rapacz Małgorzata , Czerniawski Robert , Domagała Józef 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to make a comparative analysis of macrozoobenthos composition at different sites at selected sections of lower the Odra River with relation to different physicochemical factors. The observations were made on the lower section of Odra River at five study sites: two of them were localized in the main channel, one in the left branch of river, another one in the channel carrying post-cooling water from Dolna Odra power plant, and the last one was in the channel connecting both branches of Odra River. At all sites, 26 taxa were found representing by: Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea, Malacostraca and Insecta. The greatest biodiversity and the highest abundance of zoobenthos organisms were noted in the channel joining the two branches of the river, site 5, characterised by the lowest water flow rates and the densest coverage of the macrophytes at the bottom. Temperature was the sole parameter to be studied that affected the composition of benthic invertebrates. A clearly negative impact of temperature on the diversity of invertebrates was observed only in the channel with post-cooling water discharged from the power plant.
Observations on oocyst development of Eimeria stiedai in rabbits
Authors: Ball Stanley , Pittilo Micheal , Snow Keith 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe formation of the oocyst wall was examined in Eimeria stiedai in the bile duct epithelium of the rabbit and was found to follow the general eimerian pattern. However from the beginning of the formation of the outer layer of the oocyst wall the parasite was surrounded by a rarely reported veil membrane. Cell damage of the bile ducts at the gamogony stage of parasite development is depicted.
Ocular system involvement in the course of human trichinellosis. Pathological and diagnostic aspects
Authors: Kocięcki Jarosław , Czaplicka Ewa , Kocięcka Wanda 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPathomechanism of lesions in the course of trichinellosis was discussed, representing a sum of immunopathologicaI, pathomorphological and biochemical phenomena. Particular attention was devoted to clinical pathology of the visual organ, which prevails at the acute stage of trichinellosis. In evaluation of clinical signs/symptoms manifested in the visual organ traits of its anatomic, morphological structure, function of the eyeball muscles and eyeball vascular system were taken into account. Ocular lesions in the course of trichinellosis reflect in principle angiomyositis due to immunopathology resulting from migration of Trichinella larvae to many organs and to structures of visual system.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation modulates left premotor cortex activity in facial expression recognition as a function of anxiety level
Authors: Balconi Michela , Canavesio Ylenia , Finocchiaro Roberta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRecognition of emotional facial expressions is based on simulation and mirroring processes, and the premotor cortex is supposed to support this simulation mechanism. The role of this prefrontal area in processing emotional faces with different valence (anger, fear, happiness and neutral) was explored taking into account the effect of the lateralization model (more right-side activation for negative emotions; more left-side activation for positive emotions) of face processing and anxiety level (high vs low). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS, 10 Hz) was applied to the left prefrontal area to induce an increased activation response within the left premotor cortex. Twenty-nine subjects, who were divided into two different groups depending on their anxiety level (high/low anxiety; State-Trait-Anxiety Inventory (STAI), were asked to detect emotion / no emotion. Accuracy (AcI) and response times (RTs) were considered in response to the experimental conditions. A general significant increased performance was found in response to positive emotions in the case of left-side stimulation. Moreover, whereas high-anxiety subjects revealed a significant negative-valence bias in absence of stimulation, they showed a more significant AcI increasing and RTs decreasing in response to positive emotions in case of left premotor brain activation. The present results highlight the role of the premotor system for facial expression processing as a function of emotional type, supporting the existence of a valence-specific lateralized system within the prefrontal area. Finally, a sort of “restoring effect” induced by TMS was suggested for high-anxiety subjects.
Anosognosia for hemianesthesia: from the syndrome to tactile awareness
Authors: Pia Lorenzo , Cavallo Marco , Garbarini Francesca 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPatients with a neurologically based loss of tactile processing on the contralesional side of the body can firmly deny the deficit (i.e., anosognosia for hemianesthesia). Previous studies attempted to feature the disease in both clinical and anatomo-functional terms. However, the picture is still incomplete and, most importantly, to date it is unclear whether and to which extent it can shed light on the mechanisms subserving tactile processing in the intact brain. Here we will briefly review the literature and we will put forward a possible anatomo-functional interpretation of anosognosia for hemianesthesia.
Flame Retarded PE with MH/ATH/Microencapsulated Red Phosphorous and its Toughening by Polymeric Compatibilizers
Authors: Hong X.-D. , Liang B. , Yang D.-X. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNon-halogen flame retarded polyethylene (PE) can be prepared by filling metallic hydroxides magnesium hydroxide (MH) or aluminium hydroxide (ATH), the mechanical properties of polymer composites will decline greatly when filling much more inorganic particles. Selecting microencapsulating particles, suitable synergistic agents or compatibilizers are good methods for improving the combination performance of composites. In this study, microencapsulated red phosphorous (MRP) was synthesized by using melamine-formaldehyde resin through in-situ polymerization, and used as a synergistic agent of MH and ATH, and the best proportion of three flame retardants was studied in detail. Results showed that flame retarded PE had a better combination performance when filling with 45 wt% compound flame retardants of MRP, MH and ATH under the weight ratio of 46/46/8. In order to improve the mechanical performance of composite, two polymeric compatibilizers POE-g-MAH and EPDM-g-MAH were selected to toughen the flame retarded PE composite. Results showed the flame resistance and mechanical properties of composites improved greatly with an increase of compatibilizer content, under the same condition, POE-g-MAH has a better contribution on the flame resistance and EPDM-g-MAH has a better toughening effect. The best flame retarded PE composite can be obtained by filling with 45 wt% compound flame retardants and 10 wt% EPDM-g-MAH.
Epoxidized Esters of Palm Kernel Oil as an Effective Plasticizer for PVC: A Study of Mechanical Properties and Effect of Processing Conditions
Authors: Dutta K. , Das S. , Kundu P. P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
One of the most commonly used vegetable oil plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). On the contrary, epoxidized palm oil is among the least used, because of its low compatibility with PVC. This work reports that epoxidized and esterified palm kernel oil (EEPKO) has the potential to be used as a plasticizer for PVC. In this study, it was found that a maximum of 65 phr of EEPKO could be incorporated within the PVC resin. In addition, subjecting this EEPKO plasticized PVC (p-PVC) at a processing temperature of 200 °C resulted in much reduced plasticizer loss. EEPKO lowers the glass transition temperature of PVC from 79 °C to −23 °C. The optimum mechanical properties, namely tensile strength, elongation at break and hardness, were obtained for p-PVC processed at 200 °C.
The Natural Product Phyllanthusmin C Enhances IFN-γ Production by Human NK Cells through Upregulation of TLR-Mediated NF-κB Signaling
Authors: Deng Youcai , Chu Jianhong , Ren Yulin , Fan Zhijin , Ji Xiaotian , Mundy-Bosse Bethany , Yuan Shunzong , Hughes Tiffany , Zhang Jianying , Cheema Baljash , Camardo Andrew T. , Xia Yong , Wu Lai-Chu , Wang Li-Shu , He Xiaoming , Kinghorn A. Douglas , Li Xiaohui , Caligiuri Michael A , Yu Jianhua 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Natural products are a major source for cancer drug development. NK cells are a critical component of innate immunity with the capacity to destroy cancer cells, cancer-initiating cells, and clear viral infections. However, few reports describe a natural product that stimulates NK cell IFN-γ production and unravel a mechanism of action. In this study, through screening, we found that a natural product, phyllanthusmin C (PL-C), alone enhanced IFN-γ production by human NK cells. PL-C also synergized with IL-12, even at the low cytokine concentration of 0.1 ng/ml, and stimulated IFN-γ production in both human CD56bright and CD56dim NK cell subsets. Mechanistically, TLR1 and/or TLR6 mediated PL-C’s activation of the NF-κB p65 subunit that in turn bound to the proximal promoter of IFNG and subsequently resulted in increased IFN-γ production in NK cells. However, IL-12 and IL-15Rs and their related STAT signaling pathways were not responsible for the enhanced IFN-γ secretion by PL-C. PL-C induced little or no T cell IFN-γ production or NK cell cytotoxicity. Collectively, we identify a natural product with the capacity to selectively enhance human NK cell IFN-γ production. Given the role of IFN-γ in immune surveillance, additional studies to understand the role of this natural product in prevention of cancer or infection in select populations are warranted.
Influence of alcohol on condom use pattern during non-spousal sexual encounter in male migrant workers in north India
Authors: Rizwan SA , Kant S , Goswami K , Rai SK , Misra P 
Published: August 2014

Context:
Migrant workers constitute an important risk group for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome transmission in India. Alcohol consumption before sexual intercourse has been postulated to influence condom use practices. This study aimed to assess this association with regard to non-spousal sexual encounters among male migrant workers in northern India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional facility-based survey was conducted in 2011. Male migrant workers aged ≥18 years, who were born outside Haryana, who had moved to the current location after 15 years of age, had worked in the current factory for at least 1 year, who were willing to participate and were able to give written, informed consent were included in the study. A consecutive sampling was performed. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were carried out.

Results:
A total of 162 participants reported having experienced non-spousal sexual encounters in the last 1 year. The proportion of men who reported not having used a condom at their last non-spousal sexual encounter was 59.3%, and 78.4% of the men reported having consumed alcohol in the last 1 year. About 48.1% of men reported having consumed alcohol before their last non-spousal sexual encounter. Men who consumed alcohol were three times more likely to not use a condom at their last non-spousal sexual encounter (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.5-6.4). This association persisted even after adjusting for relevant confounders.

Conclusion:
Alcohol consumption had a negative influence on condom use during non-spousal sexual encounter among male migrant workers. An integrated approach to promote condom use and reduce alcohol consumption among migrant men needs to be undertaken through targeted intervention strategies.
Negotiating the Racial Boundaries of Khōjā Caste Membership in Late Nineteenth-Century Colonial Zanzibar (1878–1899)
Authors: Akhtar Iqbal 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article explores late nineteenth-century identity formation and caste boundaries among the Khōjā of colonial Zanzibar. The central concern regarding children born to a non-Khōjā parent was what status, particularly regarding rights of inheritance, the multiracial children born of these relationships had within the caste structure. The case of Nasur Jesa v. Hurbayee suggests that the attitude toward these children was inconsistent; sometimes they were embraced, and at other times they were shunned by the Khōjā community. The Khōjā caste schism in the late nineteenth century and the arrival of Aga Khan III in 1899 further complicated the practice of exogamy. The Sunni and Ithnā ʿAsharī Khōjā further opened their communities through exogamy and continued the practice of plural marriage. At the same time, a command from Aga Khan III to the Āgākhānī Khōjā led to the reinstatement of traditional caste endogamy and a prohibition of interracial marriage. Therefore, both the demographic realities of Zanzibar and the politics of caste affected how the Khōjā interacted with multiracial members of their community and whether they included or excluded them within the caste structure.
“Your Name Is Written in the Sky”
Authors: Covington-Ward Yolanda 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This article explores the history of Kongo female prophets in the colonial-era kingunza (prophetic) movement between 1921 and 1960 in the Lower Congo region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. While much of the literature on the kingunza movement focuses on male prophets, especially Simon Kimbangu, I use multiple sources such as colonial reports, missionary correspondence, and oral interviews of Congolese themselves to show that women also were prominent. I examine particular roles, embodied actions (especially trembling), and deeds that defined a person as a prophet in the Kongo context. A focus on two major spheres of spiritual activity, premonition/divination and healing, reveals that some women were, from a Kongo perspective, considered to be prophets in their own right. This research suggests a need in studies of African religious movements for greater attention to embodiment, an emphasis on the diversity of activities that define religious expression, and refocusing on local prophets.
Visualizing Modernist Magazines with Geographic Information Systems (GIS):
Authors: Hankins Gabriel Anderson 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT
Recent modernist scholarship has been concerned with tying textual and historical claims to the specificity of place. Through this renewed interest, we see a continued interest within modernist studies in new literary frameworks that move outward in their scale and scope. Postcolonial theorists have argued for a return to the scale of the geological and geographical in the “Anthropocene” era. Whether the impetus arises from postcolonial studies, Marxist critical geography, ecocriticism, or posthumanist approaches to geography, a number of contemporary frameworks aim to chart new geographies for literary studies in the literal and figurative senses.
When the Greek King Alexander the Great Laughed in India: The Rhetoric of Laughter and the Philosophy of Living
Authors: de Courcelles Dominique 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The laughter of Alexander, the unvanquished hero, is a wordless message, a sign of his mastery and intelligent force, a sign of his art in deciphering signs. Alexander's laughter signifies that true force scorns force, just as true eloquence scorns eloquence. Intelligence turns force into a dynamic and laughing force and laughter thus becomes a fundamental capacity of force in order to better conceive the phenomenon of life and survival. It is true ritual laughter, “theurgic” laughter. The laughter of Alexander in India was perhaps the laughter of a holy man as defined by the sage Yang Xiong.
Aandelen zonder stemrecht
Authors: Burgers H.Th.M. 
Published: August 2014

Aandelen zonder stemrecht
In dit artikel worden de regelingen van stemrechtloze aandelen van de Nederlandse flex-bv vergeleken met die van de aandelen zonder of met beperkt stemrecht bij de Antilliaanse nv en bv. Aandacht wordt besteed aan de bepalingen in beide wetgevingen ter bescherming van de aandeelhouder zonder of met beperkt stemrecht. De algemene conclusie is dat de aandeelhouder zonder of met beperkt stemrecht in het Curaçaose Boek 2 BW minder beschermd is dan de houder van stemrechtloze aandelen in de Nederlandse flex-bv. De Nederlandse regeling is derhalve geen klakkeloze overneming van de 25 jaar eerder in Curaçao ingevoerde regeling van aandelen zonder of met beperkt stemrecht.
Probleemoplossingsgericht denken bij witwassen van uit eigen misdrijf afkomstige voorwerpen
Authors: Verbaan Joost , Nan Joost 
Published: August 2014

The problem of money laundering of proceeds originating from crimes committed by the perpetrator himself
According to the text of the law and the meaning of the (international and) Dutch legislator, someone can also commit the crime of money laundering when the illegal proceeds originate from a crime he committed himself. The acquisition or possession of property that was derived from criminal activity is also considered as money laundering regardless whose criminal activity it was. The Dutch Supreme Court made an exception for situations in which the defendant has done nothing to conceal or disguise the criminal background of the property. This means that, for instance, when a drug dealer has hidden his ‘dirty money’ in or around his house, it cannot be qualified as money laundering. This poses problems for investigative authorities. In this article, the possibility of regarding the act of hiding and keeping hidden money as an attempt to launder money, based on the presumption that every act involving the hidden or kept money will result in money laundering, is researched.
Are All Cancer Stem Cells Created Equal?
Authors: Xie Xiujie , Teknos Theodoros N. , Pan Quintin 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Numerous solid malignancies have been reported to contain cancer stem cells (CSCs). Distinct functional characteristics have been attributed to CSCs, and thus it is widely believed that these unique cells may have genetic and phenotypic homogeneity. Recent exciting but limited evidence, however, contradicts this tenet and supports the intriguing concept of genetic and phenotypic diversity in the CSC population. We propose that CSC heterogeneity at the inter- and intrapatient levels may be due to the cell of origin, to environmental cues, and/or to human papillomavirus infection. Additional insight into CSC heterogeneity is needed to identify actionable targets for optimal eradication of the diverse CSC subpopulations within a tumor.
De l’autre côté du havre : malaise moral et films de migrants
Authors: Chavel Solange 
Published: August 2014

La question de la migration, légale ou illégale, travaille la conscience politique de l’Europe contemporaine. Nous peinons à réconcilier des intuitions morales qui nous poussent à l’hospitalité et des motivations politiques qui tendent au contrôle. Plusieurs créations récentes du cinéma européen contemporain sont le reflet de ce malaise. Pour mettre à l’épreuve l’idée du cinéma comme « leçon de vie », nous proposons ainsi de comparer Le Havre (2011) de Aki Kaurismäki et De l’autre côté (2007) de Fatih Akin. Ces deux films nous semblent en effet représentatifs de deux usages moraux du cinéma fort différents, selon que le point de vue présenté est celui du citoyen ou celui du migrant. Alors que Le Havre se débat avec les figures en miroir de la forteresse assiégée et de la terre d’accueil supposée de la « misère du monde », Fatih Akin déplace radicalement les catégories.
Dons cachés, normes matrimoniales et règles d’héritage dans les échanges au sein des ménages à Lubumbashi
Authors: Kahola Olivier 
Published: August 2014

Régulièrement, nous entendons que les Africains sont solidaires. Ce discours encensant cache bien d’autres formes d’échanges entre les parents, notamment les aides clandestines envers les familles d’origine des conjoints. Le plus souvent, on se contente des réalités présentées sur la sphère publique comme le transfert aux parents des biens matériels et de l’argent pour essentialiser la solidarité dite africaine. Un double jeu social entre les solidarités officielles et ostentatoires (les hébergements) et les solidarités officieuses et cachées (aides clandestines) détermine les recompositions familiales. En même temps, les aides clandestines soulèvent la question des limites entre l’immoralité et la moralité dans l’exercice des solidarités. Cet article poursuit deux objectifs : décrire les coulisses des pratiques de la solidarité dans les ménages et établir une relation entre les aides clandestines et les normes matrimoniales.
Sedimentary bed evolution as a mean‐reverting random walk: Implications for tracer statistics
Authors: Martin Raleigh L. , Purohit Prashant K. , Jerolmack Douglas J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractSediment tracers are increasingly employed to estimate bed load transport and landscape evolution rates. Tracer trajectories are dominated by periods of immobility (“waiting times”) as they are buried and reexcavated in the stochastically evolving river bed. Here we model bed evolution as a random walk with mean‐reverting tendency (Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck process) originating from the restoring effect of erosion and deposition. The Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck model contains two parameters, a and b, related to the particle feed rate and range of bed elevation fluctuations, respectively. Observations of bed evolution in flume experiments agree with model predictions; in particular, the model reproduces the asymptotic t−1 tail in the tracer waiting time exceedance probability distribution. This waiting time distribution is similar to that inferred for tracers in natural gravel streams and avalanching rice piles, indicating applicability of the Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck mean‐reverting model to many disordered transport systems with tracer burial and excavation.
A unified model of auroral arc growth and electron acceleration in the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling
Authors: Watanabe T.‐H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA unified physical model of auroral arc growth and electron acceleration is constructed from the gyrokinetic and two‐fluid equations for the magnetosphere‐ionosphere (M‐I) coupling system. The present theory describes destabilization of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in the M‐I coupling, where development of upward and downward field‐aligned currents carried by the KAWs leads to ionospheric density enhancement and depletion, respectively. The feedback M‐I coupling through KAWs elucidates growth of auroral arcs and field‐aligned acceleration of electrons self‐consistently and provides a possible explanation to the Alfvénic auroras observed by the FAST spacecraft.