bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Offset Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kumagai Shinji 
Published: February 2014

Two Offset Printing Workers with Cholangiocarcinoma: Shinji KUMAGAI. Department of Management of Occupational Safety and Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan—ObjectivesPreviously, the author reported a cluster of 11 cholangiocarcinoma cases exposed to 1,2‐dichloropropane (1,2‐DCP) and/or dichloromethane (DCM) in an offset proof‐printing company. Before that report, the association between the two chemicals and cholangiocarcinoma had not been known. The current study describes two cholangiocarcinoma patients exposed to 1,2‐DCP or DCM in different offset printing companies.MethodsThe author obtained medical records for the patients, and interviewed the surviving patient and a relative of the deceased patient about their occupational history.ResultsCase 1 was a man born in 1950. He worked in the printing section in a proof‐printing company for 26 years. He was diagnosed as cholangiocarcinoma in 1998 and died in 2000. In proof‐printing operations, he used gasoline for 14 years and 1,2‐DCP for 11 years to remove ink from a rubber transcription roller (blanket). The exposure concentration of 1,2‐DCP was estimated to be between 72 and 5,200 ppm. Case 2 was a man born in 1963. He worked in the printing section in a general offset printing company for 11 years. He was diagnosed with cholangiocarcinoma in 2007. In printing operations, he used both kerosene and a mixture of 50% DCM and 50% 1,1,1‐trichloroethane (1,1,1‐TCE) for 11 years to remove ink from a blanket. The exposure concentration of DCM was estimated to be between 240 and 6,100 ppm. He was simultaneously exposed to similar levels of 1,1,1‐TCE.ConclusionsBecause the offset printing process may cause cholangiocarcinoma, occupational history should be examined for patients with this cancer.
Dental Caries and Growth in School-Age Children
Authors: Alkarimi Heba A. , Watt Richard G. , Pikhart Hynek , Sheiham Aubrey , Tsakos Georgios 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Dental caries in young children is commonly untreated and represents a public health problem. Dental caries in children is reported to affect their anthropometric outcomes, but the evidence is conflicting. Some studies found no association, whereas others found that caries was associated with underweight or overweight. The objective was to assess the relationship between dental caries status and height and weight in 6- to 8-year-old Saudi children with high caries prevalence.

METHODS:
This study was a cross-sectional survey in schoolchildren aged 6 to 8 years attending military primary schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Caries status was assessed by using the dmft (decayed, missing, filled, teeth [primary teeth]) index. Height and weight were assessed by using z scores of height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and BMI-for-age (BAZ) calculated by World Health Organization standardized procedures. Relationships between caries and HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ were assessed by using regression models.

RESULTS:
A total of 417 of the 436 eligible schoolchildren with complete data were included, with a response rate of 95.6%. Their mean dmft index was 5.7 ± 4.2. There was an inverse linear relationship between caries status and children’s HAZ, WAZ, and BAZ and significantly lower anthropometric outcomes for children at each consecutive group with higher levels of caries. The associations remained significant after adjusting for dental, social, and demographic variables.

CONCLUSIONS:
The inverse linear association between dental caries and all anthropometric outcomes suggests that higher levels of untreated caries are associated with poorer growth in Saudi schoolchildren.
Invasive Procedures in Preterm Children: Brain and Cognitive Development at School Age
Authors: Vinall Jillian , Miller Steven P. , Bjornson Bruce H. , Fitzpatrick Kevin P.V. , Poskitt Kenneth J. , Brant Rollin , Synnes Anne R. , Cepeda Ivan L. , Grunau Ruth E. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND:
Very preterm infants (born 24–32 weeks’ gestation) undergo numerous invasive procedures during neonatal care. Repeated skin-breaking procedures in rodents cause neuronal cell death, and in human preterm neonates higher numbers of invasive procedures from birth to term-equivalent age are associated with abnormal brain development, even after controlling for other clinical risk factors. It is unknown whether higher numbers of invasive procedures are associated with long-term alterations in brain microstructure and cognitive outcome at school age in children born very preterm.

METHODS:
Fifty children born very preterm underwent MRI and cognitive testing at median age 7.6 years (interquartile range, 7.5–7.7). T1- and T2-weighted images were assessed for the severity of brain injury. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor sequences were used to measure fractional anisotropy (FA), an index of white matter (WM) maturation, from 7 anatomically defined WM regions. Child cognition was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–IV. Multivariate modeling was used to examine relationships between invasive procedures, brain microstructure, and cognition, adjusting for clinical confounders (eg, infection, ventilation, brain injury).

RESULTS:
Greater numbers of invasive procedures were associated with lower FA values of the WM at age 7 years (P = .01). The interaction between the number of procedures and FA was associated with IQ (P = .02), such that greater numbers of invasive procedures and lower FA of the superior WM were related to lower IQ.

CONCLUSIONS:
Invasive procedures during neonatal care contribute to long-term abnormalities in WM microstructure and lower IQ.
Need and Unmet Need for Care Coordination Among Children With Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Brown Nicole M. , Green Jeremy C. , Desai Mayur M. , Weitzman Carol C. , Rosenthal Marjorie S. 
Published: February 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To determine prevalence and correlates of need and unmet need for care coordination in a national sample of children with mental health conditions.

METHODS:
Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, we identified children aged 2 to 17 years with ≥1 mental health condition (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, or depression) who had received ≥2 types of preventive or subspecialty health services in the past year. We defined 2 outcome measures of interest: (1) prevalence of need for care coordination; and (2) prevalence of unmet need for care coordination in those with a need. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations of clinical, sociodemographic, parent psychosocial, and health care characteristics with the outcome measures.

RESULTS:
In our sample (N = 7501, representing an estimated 5 750 000 children), the prevalence of having any need for care coordination was 43.2%. Among parents reporting a need for care coordination, the prevalence of unmet need was 41.2%. Higher risk of unmet need for care coordination was associated with child anxiety disorder, parenting stress, lower income, and public or no insurance. Parents reporting social support and receipt of family-centered care had a lower risk of unmet need for care coordination.

CONCLUSIONS:
Approximately 40% of parents of children with mental health conditions who reported a need for care coordination also reported that their need was unmet. Delivery of family-centered care and enhancing family supports may help to reduce unmet need for care coordination in this vulnerable population.
Identifying Iron Oxide Based Materials that Can Either Pass or Not Pass through the in vitro Blood-Brain Barrier
Authors: Shi Di , Sun Linlin , Mi Gujie , Bhattacharya Soumya , Nayar Suprabha , Webster Thomas J 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, an in vitro blood-brain barrier model was developed using murine brain endothelioma cells (b.End3 cells). By comparing the permeability of FITC-Dextran at increasing exposure times in serum-free medium to such values in the literature, we confirm that the blood-brain barrier model was successfully established. After such confirmation, the permeability of five ferrofluid (FF) nanoparticle samples, GGB (ferrofluid synthesized using glycine, glutamic acid and BSA), GGC (glycine, glutamic acid and collagen), GGP (glycine, glutamic acid and PVA), BPC (BSA, PEG and collagen) and CPB (collagen, PVA and BSA), was determined using this model. In addition, all the five FF samples were characterized by zeta potential to determine their charge as well as TEM and dynamic light scattering for determining their hydrodynamic diameter. Results showed that FF coated with collagen had better permeability to the blood-brain barrier than FF coated with glycine and glutamic acid based on an increase of 4.5% in permeability. Through such experiments, magnetic nanomaterials, such as ferrofluids, that are less permeable to the blood brain barrier can be used to decrease neural tissue toxicity and magnetic nanomaterials with more permeable to the blood-brain barrier can be used for brain drug delivery.
Biofunctional Thermo-Responsive Polymeric Surface with Micropatterns for Label Free Cell Separation
Authors: Kumashiro Yoshikazu , Ishihara Jun , Umemoto Terumasa , Itoga Kazuyoshi , Kobayashi Jun , Yamato Masayuki , Okano Teruo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThready stripe-patterned thermo-responsive surfaces were prepared and their surface properties were characterized. Prepared 3 μm wide stripe-patterned surfaces were evaluated by observing the adhesions and detachments of three types of cells: HeLa cells (HeLas), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and NIH-3T3 cells (3T3s). Although cell adhesion and detachment in response to temperature were observed on all cells on a conventional thermo-responsive surface without patterns, the thermo-responsive surface with a 3 μm striped-pattern exhibited various cell adhesion properties. HeLas hardly adhered to the patterned surface even at 37 °C. On the other hand, although HUVECs adhered on the patterned surface at 12 h after incubation at 37 °C, the adhered HUVECs detached themselves after another 12 h incubation at 37 °C. 3T3s adhered to the patterned surface at 37 °C and detached themselves after reducing temperature to 20 °C. A mixture of HeLa, HUVEC and 3T3 was separated using their different specific cell-adhesion properties, and the composition of cells was analyzed by a flow-cytometry. As a result, the conventional thermo-responsive surface with a stripe-pattern was found to function as a cell-separating interface by using specific cell adhesion properties.
Dielectric Response of Light Emitting Semiconductor Junction Diodes: Frequency and Temperature Domain Study
Authors: Bansal Kanika , Datta Shouvik 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe report a change in the dielectric response of AlGaInP based multi quantum well diodes with the onset of modulated light emission. Observed variation in junction capacitance and modulated light emission, with frequency and temperature, suggests participation of slow defect channels in fast radiative recombination dynamics. Our work establishes prominent connection between electrical and optical properties of light emitting diodes and provides a tool to investigate the interesting condensed matter physics of these structures. Our observations demand a generalized physical framework, beyond conventional models, to understand an active light emitting diode under charge carrier injection. We suggest that the low frequency response can compromise the performance of these diodes under high frequency applications. We also suggest how internal quantum well structure can affect modulated light output efficiency of the device.
Improvement of Mo/Cu2ZnSnS4 interface for Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cell application
Authors: Cui Hongtao , Liu Xiaolei , Hao Xiaojing , Liu Fangyang , Song Ning , Li Wei , Yan Chang , Conibeer Gavin , Green Martin 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe focus of this work is on back contact improvement for sputtered CZTS thin film solar cells. Three methods have been investigated including a thin Ag coating, a thin ZnO coating on the Mo back contact and rapid thermal annealing of the back contact. All of these methods have been found to reduce defects such as voids as well as secondary phases at the back contact region and inhibit the formation of MoS2. Consequently all the mothods effectively enhances Voc, Jsc, FF and therefore efficiency significantly.
Theranostic Anticancer Agents Based on Internally Functionalized ORMOSIL Nanoparticles
Authors: Walton Nathan I. , Gao Zhe , Zharov Ilya 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe prepared organically modified silica (ORMOSIL) nanoparticles with internal functional groups and mesoporosity, suitable for the incorporation of modalities for both MRI imaging and cancer treatment by neutron capture therapy using gadolinium-157 nuclei. These modalities were incorporated by preparing ORMOSIL nanoparticles with reactive functional groups throughout the nanoparticle body, followed by their conversion into the metal chelating moieties inside the nanoparticles.
Dual Functionalized Janus Nanocomposites for Targeted pH-Responsive Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Feng , Pauletti Giovanni , Wang Yilong , Shi Donglu 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA superparamagnetic Janus nanocomposite (SJNC) of polystyrene/Fe3O4@SiO2 was designed and developed with dual surface bearing functional groups for medical diagnosis and treatment. Folic acid (FA) and doxorubicin (DOX) were conjugated stepwise to the surfaces. SJNCs were found to enable simultaneous cell-targeted drug delivery via pH-responsive release mechanism.
Measuring the microenvironmental temperature around magnetic nanoparticles
Authors: Reeves Daniel B. , Weaver John B. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIt is important to measure the temperature of magnetic nanoparticles during hyperthermia therapy to develop safe practices. We theoretically demonstrate a method for measuring the temperature of magnetic nanoparticles using induction coils and nanoparticle magnetization harmonics. A geometrically decoupled sensing coil is described that enhances the sensitivity to small amounts of iron and also could possibly be used to eliminate sensing challenges created by the high-powered hyperthermia drive field.
Identification of Quercitrin as a Potential Therapeutic Agent for Periodontal Applications
Authors: Gómez‐Florit Manuel , Monjo Marta , Ramis Joana M. 
Published: February 2014

Background: Flavonoids are natural phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antimicrobial capacity. This study aims to investigate the effects of different flavonoids for potential use in periodontal applications.Methods: Cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis or primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were treated with different doses of chrysin, diosmetin, galangin, quercitrin, and taxifolin. The effect of these molecules was evaluated on S. epidermidis growth rate and HGF viability, gene expression, collagen production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, wound healing, and production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP‐1 (TIMP1).Results: Among all the screened flavonoids, quercitrin showed the most promising biologic effects, in both HGFs and S. epidermidis. Thus, quercitrin was not toxic for HGFs; increased collagen IIIα1 and decorin levels; downregulated interleukin‐6 messenger RNA levels; decreased the expression of profibrotic markers during wound healing; decreased ROS levels in basal and stimulated conditions; and decreased the MMP1/TIMP1 ratio. Quercitrin also decreased the bacterial growth rate.Conclusions: Results suggest that quercitrin could contribute to protect and recover the integrity of gingival tissues, thus displaying a potential use for periodontal disease treatment or to functionalize dental implant abutments to improve soft tissue integration. Further studies are required to confirm the role of quercitrin in gingival tissues.
Translation of Oswestry Disability Index into Tamil with Cross Cultural Adaptation and Evaluation of Reliability and Validity§
Authors: Vincent Joshua Israel , MacDermid Joy Christine , Grewal Ruby , Sekar Vincent Prabhakaran , Balachandran Dinesh 
Published: February 2014

Study Design:Prospective longitudinal validation studyObjective:To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to the Tamil language (ODI-T), and to evaluate its reliability and construct validity.Summary of Background Data:ODI is widely used as a disease specific questionnaire in back pain patients to evaluate pain and disability. A thorough literature search revealed that the Tamil version of the ODI has not been previously published.Methods:The ODI was translated and cross-culturally adapted to the Tamil language according to established guidelines. 30 subjects (16 women and 14 men) with a mean age of 42.7 years (S.D. 13.6; Range 22 - 69) with low back pain were recruited to assess the psychometric properties of the ODI-T Questionnaire. Patients completed the ODI-T, Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ), VAS-pain and VAS-disability at baseline and 24-72 hours from the baseline visit.Results:The ODI-T displayed a high degree of internal consistency, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.92. The test-retest reliability was high (n=30) with an ICC of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.84 to 0.96) and a mean re-test difference of 2.6 points lower on re-test. The ODI-T scores exhibited a strong correlation with the RMDQ scores (r = 0.82) p<0.01, VAS-P (r = 0.78) p<0.01 and VAS-D (r = 0.81) p<0.01. Moderate to low correlations were observed between the ODI-T and lumbar ROM (r = -0.27 to -0.53). All the hypotheses that were constructed apriori were supported.Conclusion:The Tamil version of the ODI Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to measure subjective outcomes of pain and disability in Tamil speaking patients with low back pain.
Cervical Epidural Abscess Mimicking as Stroke - Report of Two Cases
Authors: Velpula Jagan Mohana Reddy , Gakhar Harinder , Sigamoney Kohilavani , Bommireddy Rajendra 
Published: February 2014

Background:
Stroke is a common provisional diagnosis in patients presenting to the emergency department
(ED) with unilateral neurological deficit. Cervical epidural abscess (CEA) may also present clinically with a unilateral
neurological deficit.

Objects:
To highlight the inherent problems with diagnosing cervical epidural abscess and possible consequences of
delay in diagnosis.

Case Report:
We would like to highlight two cases provisionally diagnosed as stroke. Both cases turned out to be cervical
epidural abscesses. The delay in diagnosis and treatment led to suboptimal outcome in both cases.

Summary:
Cases with suspected stroke who deteriorate while under treatment or whose diagnosis is doubtful should have
MRI whole spine in order to avoid potential complications.
Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis infection in humans linked to dry dog food in the United States and Canada, 2012
Authors: Imanishi Maho , Rotstein David S. , Reimschuessel Renate , Schwensohn Colin A. , Woody Dillard H. , Davis Samuel W. , Hunt April D. , Arends Katherine D. , Achen Maya , Cui Jing , Zhang Yan , Denny Lynn F. , Phan Quyen N. , Joseph Lavin A. , Tuite Carla C. , Tataryn Joanne R. , Behravesh Casey Barton 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Case Description—In April 2012, Salmonella enterica serotype Infantis was detected in an unopened bag of dry dog food collected during routine retail surveillance. PulseNet, a national bacterial subtyping network, identified humans with Salmonella Infantis infection with the same genetic fingerprint as the dog food sample.
Clinical Findings—An outbreak investigation identified 53 ill humans infected with the outbreak strain during January 1 to July 5, 2012, in 21 states and 2 provinces in Canada; 20 (38%) were children ≤ 2 years old, and 12 of 37 (32%) were hospitalized. Of 21 ill people who remembered the dog food brand, 12 (57%) reported a brand produced at a plant in Gaston, SC. Traceback investigations also identified that plant. The outbreak strain was isolated from bags of dry dog food and fecal specimens obtained from dogs that lived with ill people and that ate the implicated dry dog food.
Treatment and Outcome—The plant was closed temporarily for cleaning and disinfection. Sixteen brands involving > 27,000 metric tons (> 30,000 tons) of dry dog and cat food were recalled. Thirty-one ill dogs linked to recalled products were reported through the FDA consumer complaint system.
Clinical Relevance—A one-health collaborative effort on epidemiological, laboratory, and traceback investigations linked dry dog foods produced at a plant to illnesses in dogs and humans. More efforts are needed to increase awareness among pet owners, health-care professionals, and the pet food industry on the risk of illness in pets and their owners associated with dry pet foods and treats.
Sexual Behaviour among School Youths in a Rural Far-western District of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Mohan , Mehata Suresh , Subedi Narayan , Paudel Bimala Acharya , Paudel Susan 
Published: February 2014

Background Youth population (10-24 years of age) comprises more than 30% of the total population in Nepal. This is the age when values are formed, many become sexually active and begin to develop a pattern of risky sexual behaviour. This makes youth more vulnerable to contacting sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the sexual behavior among school youths of a rural far-western district, Achham, Nepal.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among school youths aged 15 to 24 years studying at grade 11 and 12 in Achham district. Data were collected from February to April, 2011 using self-administered questionnaires from 229 boys and 156 girls of randomly selected eight higher secondary schools of the district.Results The study found that over a quarter of the respondents were sexually active before marriage, boys five times more compared to girls. More than one-fourth (28.2%) of sexually active young boys and girls were found to have engaged in multiple sexual relations; of which peers were the most common (71.1%) sexual partners. Overall, three out of every four sexually active school youths were found to have practised risky sexual behavior. The study found age of the respondent, gender, education and age at first sexual intercourse were significantly associated with the sexual behavior of the school youths.Conclusions Young people at schools were found to be engaged in unsafe sexual activities in study district. They were found initiating multiple sexual relations and pre-marital sexual relations. The use of condom was found declining in subsequent sexual contacts. Such risky sexual behaviours were putting the young population at more vulnerable to the risks of any sexually transmitted infections. Sex education would therefore be imperative to focus on sexual and reproductive health interventions targeted for the young people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9873 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 37-41
It’s Time for Health Record Banking!
Authors: Shabo Shvo A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis article is part of a Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on Health Record Banking. This Focus Theme aims at describing the Health Record Banking (HRB) paradigm, which offers an alternative constellation of health information exchange and integration through sustainability of health records over the lifetime of individuals by independent and trusted organizations.It also aims at describing various approaches to HRB and reporting on the state-of-the-art HRB through actual implementations and lessons learned, as described in articles of this Focus Theme.