bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Protect against Autoimmunity via CCL2-Dependent Recruitment of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Lee Hyun Ju , Ko Jung Hwa , Jeong Hyun Jeong , Ko Ah Young , Kim Mee Kum , Wee Won Ryang , Yoon Sun-ok , Oh Joo Youn 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Exogenously administered mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) suppress autoimmunity despite transient engraftment. However, the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we report a novel mechanism by which MSCs modulate the immune system by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Intravenous infusion of MSCs blocked EAU development and reduced Th1 and Th17 responses. Time course analysis revealed an increase of MHC class IIloLy6G−Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells in draining lymph nodes by MSCs. These Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells suppressed CD4+ cell proliferation and Th1/Th17 differentiation and induced CD4+ cell apoptosis. Adoptive transfer of Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells ameliorated EAU, whereas depletion of Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells abrogated the effects of MSCs. 1.8% of MSCs were present in draining lymph nodes 1 d after infusion, and MSCs with CCL2 knockdown did not increase MHC class IIloLy6G−Ly6ChiCD11b+ cells and failed to attenuate EAU. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that MSCs suppress autoimmunity by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells into sites of inflammation in a CCL2-dependent manner.
Complement Receptor C5aR1/CD88 and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4/CD26 Define Distinct Hematopoietic Lineages of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Nakano Hideki , Moran Timothy P. , Nakano Keiko , Gerrish Kevin E. , Bortner Carl D. , Cook Donald N. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Differential display of the integrins CD103 and CD11b are widely used to distinguish two major dendritic cell (DC) subsets in nonlymphoid tissues. CD103+ DCs arise from FLT3-dependent DC precursors (preDCs), whereas CD11bhi DCs can arise either from preDCs or FLT3-independent monocytes. Functional characterization of these two lineages of CD11bhi DCs has been hindered by the lack of a widely applicable method to distinguish between them. We performed gene expression analysis of fractionated lung DCs from C57BL/6 mice and found that monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs), including CD11bhiLy-6Clo tissue-resident and CD11bhiLy-6Chi inflammatory moDCs, express the complement 5a receptor 1/CD88, whereas preDC-derived conventional DCs (cDCs), including CD103+ and CD11bhi cDCs, express dipeptidyl peptidase-4/CD26. Flow cytometric analysis of multiple organs, including the kidney, liver, lung, lymph nodes, small intestine, and spleen, confirmed that reciprocal display of CD88 and CD26 can reliably distinguish FLT3-independent moDCs from FLT3-dependent cDCs in C57BL/6 mice. Similar results were obtained when DCs from BALB/c mice were analyzed. Using this novel approach to study DCs in mediastinal lymph nodes, we observed that most blood-derived lymph node–resident DCs, as well as tissue-derived migratory DCs, are cDCs. Furthermore, cDCs, but not moDCs, stimulated naive T cell proliferation. We anticipate that the use of Abs against CD88 and CD26 to distinguish moDCs and cDCs in multiple organs and mouse strains will facilitate studies aimed at assigning specific functions to distinct DC lineages in immune responses.
Identification of a Negative Regulatory Role for Spi-C in the Murine B Cell Lineage
Authors: Li Stephen K. H. , Solomon Lauren A. , Fulkerson Patricia C. , DeKoter Rodney P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Spi-C is an E26 transformation-specific family transcription factor that is highly related to PU.1 and Spi-B. Spi-C is expressed in developing B cells, but its function in B cell development and function is not well characterized. To determine whether Spi-C functions as a negative regulator of Spi-B (encoded by Spib), mice were generated that were germline knockout for Spib and heterozygous for Spic (Spib−/−Spic+/−). Interestingly, loss of one Spic allele substantially rescued B cell frequencies and absolute numbers in Spib−/− mouse spleens. Spib−/−Spic+/− B cells had restored proliferation compared with Spib−/− B cells in response to anti-IgM or LPS stimulation. Investigation of a potential mechanism for the Spib−/−Spic+/− phenotype revealed that steady-state levels of Nfkb1, encoding p50, were elevated in Spib−/−Spic+/− B cells compared with Spib−/− B cells. Spi-B was shown to directly activate the Nfkb1 gene, whereas Spi-C was shown to repress this gene. These results indicate a novel role for Spi-C as a negative regulator of B cell development and function.
Unbiased Modifier Screen Reveals That Signal Strength Determines the Regulatory Role Murine TLR9 Plays in Autoantibody Production
Authors: Mills Robyn E. , Lam Viola C. , Tan Allison , Cresalia Nicole , Oksenberg Nir , Zikherman Julie , Anderson Mark , Weiss Arthur , Hermiston Michelle L. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus has a complex environmental and multifactorial genetic basis. Genome-wide association studies have recently identified numerous disease-associated polymorphisms, but it remains unclear in which cells and during which step of pathogenesis specific polymorphisms interact to cause disease. Using a mouse model in which the same activating mutation (CD45E613R) causes distinct genetic background–dependent disease phenotypes, we performed a screen for genetic modifiers of autoreactivity between anti-nuclear Ab (ANA)–resistant CD45E613R.B6 and ANA-permissive CD45E613R.BALB/c mice. Within a novel autoreactivity-associated locus on chromosome 9, we identify a putative modifier, TLR9. Validating a role for TLR9 in modifying autoreactivity in the context of the CD45E613R mutation, manipulation of TLR9 gene dosage eliminates ANA in CD45E613R.BALB/c mice, but confoundingly permits ANA in CD45E613R.B6 mice. We demonstrate that sensitivity to ANA is modulated by strength of TLR9 signal, because stronger TLR9B6 signals, but not weaker TLR9BALB/c signals, negatively regulate CD45E613R B cell development during competitive reconstitution at the central tolerance checkpoint. Our results identify a novel autoreactivity-associated locus and validate Tlr9 as a candidate gene within the locus. We further demonstrate a novel role for TLR9 signal strength in central tolerance, providing insight into the interplay of disease-associated polymorphisms at a discrete step of systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis.
Inputs for Restoring Mangroves in a Tropical Island Province for Climate Change Solution Programs
Authors: MASAGCA JIMMY T. 
Published: March 2015

Two mangrove sites in the tropical island of Catanduanes in Bicol Region,Philippines (Lat.13.5°–14.17° N and Long. 124.1°–125.5° E) are described hereusing a paradigm for mangrove habitat restoration of mangroves that considersanthropogenic degradation and restoration following natural disturbances within the concept of climate change solution initiatives. What remains unclear for restoring the mangroves in this island are the needed (a) specific tools for landand sea-use zoning as well as integrated coastal management and ecosystembasedmanagementconcepts;(b)information[e.g.existingstressorsorresistantareas]onmanagingmangrovesforresiliencetoclimatechange;and(c)designsand ways on how to present these climate programs to the local coastal dwelling communities vis a vis sea level rise, typhoons, tidal or storm surges andtsunamis. Obstacles encountered by the local people are the (a) inappropriatepolitical intervention at the municipal/provincial levels; (b) lack of knowledge,expertise and baseline data about the biophysical conditions of the mangroveareas; and (c) differing and diverse intents on the mangrove resources leadingto communication gaps. Climate biology studies assessing plant and animalresponses to the effects of changes in typhoon patterns are needed. Finally,mangrove restoration programmes may use the Vulnerability and Adaptation (V& A) approach and address the notion that highly vulnerable coastal villagesmust evolve within the notion of “coastal management as a basic service of localgovernment”.Keywords - Mangroves, mangrove restoration, tropical islands, climate change, coastalvillages, coastal vegetation, Philippines
The Moray Eel Fishery in the Seagrass Beds of Siquijor Island, Central Philippines, with Remarks on Two New Philippine Records of the Genus Gymnothorax
Authors: WAGEY BILLY T. , BUCOL ABNER A. , KATUUK VIVIE 
Published: March 2015

In this paper, the researchers document for the very first time in detail the moray eel capture fishery in the seagrass beds of Siquijor Island, Central Philippines. The process of deploying the bamboo traps, gathering of baits, andcatch-per-unit effort (CPUE), income-per-unit effort (IPUE), and the possible impact of an increasing number of moray eel fishers are also discussed. The researchers noted a very low average CPUE of 1.32±0.19 S.E. kg/person/hr and a corresponding Income-per-unit effort (IPUE) of 59.75±9.9 S.E.. Philippine Pesos/person/hour. Sustainable fishing practices of catching moray eels are also highlighted. Apparently, two new records of muraenid eels of the Genus Gymnothorax for the Philippines are also briefly annotated. Keywords - Fishery, Moray eel, Catch Assessment, Siquijor Island, Philippines, Southeast Asia
Solid Waste Pollution: Basis for Closure Enforcement Policy Framework of Banualan Dumpsite in General Santos City, Philippines
Authors: ROBLES AVA CLARE MARIE O. 
Published: March 2015

Currently, General Santos City is identified as a growing city in terms of population and economic development. However, taking into account the downside of progress, pollution and garbage generation need to be controlled to circumvent menace to the environment. One means to address these problems is by conducting a study on solid waste pollution. Corollary to this, the study: identified the respondents’ practices on proper waste management; determined the projected the total waste generated in General Santos City; and proposed a closure enforcement policy framework as prompt action in protecting people’s health for any untoward contamination. The research design was descriptive-analytic, which utilized questionnaire and documentary analysis. Triangulation of data was made through interview. There were 1, 246 randomly selected respondents from 22 local communities. Results revealed that the majority of the people in General Santos City often practice proper waste management. The finding implies that they have not completely imbibed proper waste management practices. Based on the projected total waste, it crafted a closure policy framework as a primary response for equitable well-being of the residents in Banualan. This framework will ensure the health security of the people once the dumpsite closes. Keywords - Solid waste pollution, closure enforcement policy framework, policy formulation, solid waste practices, waste analysis, General Santos City, Philippines
Gravity anomalies, crustal structure, and seismicity at subduction zones: 1. Seafloor roughness and subducting relief
Authors: Bassett Dan , Watts Anthony B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn ensemble averaging technique is used to remove the long‐wavelength topography and gravity field from subduction zones. >200 residual bathymetric and gravimetric anomalies are interpreted within fore arcs, many of which are attributed to the tectonic structure of the subducting plate. The residual‐gravimetric expression of subducting fracture zones extends >200 km landward of the trench axis. The bathymetric expression of subducting seamounts with height ≥1 km and area ≥500 km2 (N=36), and aseismic ridges (N>10), is largest near the trench (within 70 km) and above shallow subducting slab depths (SLAB1.0 <17 km). Subducting seamounts are similar in wavelength, amplitude, and morphology to unsubducted seamounts. Morphology, spatial distributions, and reduced levels of seismicity are considered inconsistent with mechanical models proposing wholesale decapitation, and the association of subducting seamounts with large‐earthquakes. Subducting aseismic ridges are associated with uplift and steepening of the outer fore arc, a gradual reduction in residual bathymetric expression across the inner fore arc, and a local increase in the width and elevation of the volcanic‐arc/orogen. These contrasting expressions reflect the influence of margin‐normal variations in rigidity on where and how the upper plate deforms, both to accommodate subducting relief and in response to stresses transmitted across the plate interface. The outer fore arc and arc have lower rigidity due to fracturing and thermal weakening, respectively. Similar associations with complex earthquakes and fault creep suggest aseismic ridge subduction may also be accommodated by the development and evolution of a broad fracture network, the geometrical strength of which may exceed the locking strength of a smooth fault.
Spatial and temporal variability of zooplankton off New Caledonia (Southwestern Pacific) from acoustics and net measurements
Authors: Smeti Houssem , Pagano Marc , Menkes Christophe , Lebourges‐Dhaussy Anne , Hunt Brian P. V. , Allain Valerie , Rodier Martine , de Boissieu Florian , Kestenare Elodie , Sammari Cherif 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSpatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton off New Caledonia in the eastern Coral Sea was studied during two multidisciplinary cruises in 2011, during the cool and the hot seasons. Acoustic measurements of zooplankton were made using a shipborne acoustic Doppler current profiler (S‐ADCP), a scientific echosounder and a Tracor acoustic profiling system (TAPS). Relative backscatter from ADCP was converted to biomass estimates using zooplankton weights from net‐samples collected during the cruises. Zooplankton biomass was estimated using four methods: weighing, digital imaging (ZooScan), ADCP and TAPS. Significant correlations were found between the different biomass estimators and between the backscatters of the ADCP and the echosounder. There was a consistent diel pattern in ADCP derived biomass and echosounder backscatter resulting from the diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton. Higher DVM amplitudes were associated with higher abundance of small zooplankton and cold waters to the south of the study area, while lower DVM amplitudes in the north were associated with warmer waters and higher abundance of large organisms. Zooplankton was largely dominated by copepods (71–73%) among which calanoids prevailed (40–42%), with Paracalanus spp. as the dominant species (16–17%). Overall, zooplankton exhibited low abundance and biomass (mean night dry biomass of 4.7 ± 2.2 mg m3 during the cool season and 2.4 ± 0.4 mg m3 during the hot season) but high richness and diversity (Shannon index ∼4). Substantially enhanced biomass and abundance appeared to be episodically associated with mesoscale features contributing to shape a rather patchy zooplankton distribution.
High‐resolution experiments on chemical oxidation of DNAPL in variable‐aperture fractures
Authors: Arshadi Masoud , Rajaram Harihar , Detwiler Russell L. , Jones Trevor 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChemical oxidation of dense nonaqueous‐phase liquids (DNAPLs) by permanganate has emerged as an effective remediation strategy in fractured rock. We present high‐resolution experimental investigations in transparent analog variable‐aperture fractures to improve understanding of chemical oxidation of residual entrapped trichloroethylene (TCE) in fractures. Four experiments were performed with different permanganate concentrations, flow rates, and initial TCE phase geometry. The initial aperture field and evolving entrapped‐phase geometry were quantified for each experiment. The integrated mass transfer rate from the TCE phase for all experiments exhibited three time regimes: an early‐time regime with slower mass transfer rates limited by low specific interfacial area; an intermediate‐time regime with higher mass transfer rates resulting from breakup of large TCE blobs, which greatly increases specific interfacial area; and a late‐time regime with low mass transfer rates due to the deposition of MnO2 precipitates. In two experiments, mass balance analyses suggested that TCE mass removal rates exceeded the maximum upper bound mass removal rates derived by assuming that oxidation and dissolution are the only mechanisms for TCE mass removal. We propose incomplete oxidation by permanganate and TCE solubility enhancement by intermediate reaction products as potential mechanisms to explain this behavior. We also speculate that some intermediate reaction products with surfactant‐like properties may play a role in lowering the TCE‐water interfacial tension, thus causing breakup of large TCE blobs. Our quantitative experimental measurements will be useful in the context of developing accurate computational models for chemical oxidation of TCE in fractures.
Ocean variability east of Mindanao: Mooring observations at 7°N, revisited
Authors: Kashino Yuji , Ueki Iwao , Sasaki Hedeharu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo subsurface moorings were deployed east of Mindanao Island, the Philippines, at 7°01′N, 126°55′E and 7°01′N, 127°46′E, at the location of the inshore and offshore cores of the Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC) suggested by past studies, from September 2011 to October 2012 and March 2013. A steady northward undercurrent, the MUC, was not confirmed by these observations, not only at the location of its inshore core but also of the offshore core. The observed mean flow at the mooring sites seems to be part of an anticyclonic eddy rather than the MUC. A particle‐tracking experiment using a high‐resolution general circulation model output showed that the northward mean flow, called the MUC by past studies, was too weak to advect water to the north. The Mindanao Current during 2011–2012 was weaker than during 1999–2002 because the sea surface height in the Philippine Sea during 2011–2012 was lower than that during 1999–2002. Intraseasonal variability with periods of 50–100 days was observed at the mooring sites, comparable to the previous observations during 1999–2002. Westward signal propagations were observed with periods and speeds of 50 days and 0.20 m s−1 at 300 m depth and of 60–72 days and 0.11–0.14 m s−1 at 960 m depth.
Dispersed Phase Deformation Modeling of Immiscible Polymer Blends in Injection Molding
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Fen , Huang Zhigao , Xie Xiaolin , Shan Bin , Zhou Huamin 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTNumerical prediction of morphology in polymer blends during injection molding is of vital importance for mastering the material microstructure and optimizing the property of molded parts, in which modeling the morphological evolution in processing is the premise. The principle and crucial factors of the deformation of dispersed phases have been investigated in this paper, followed by introducing six deformation models (MM, JT, YB, affine model, shear model, and Cox models) systematically. Simulation results of these models under five typical flows (steady deformation in simple shear flow, transient deformation in simple shear flow, relaxation after step shearing, shearing reversion, and droplet broadening) are compared and evaluated. It shows that the MM model can be chosen for modeling the steady deformation or small deformation process in the injection molding, and the affine model is highly feasible for the transient large deformation in the high shearing process of injection molding. Finally, the selected models are used in the injection molding simulation for verification.
Infant mortality and isotopic complexity: New approaches to stress, maternal health, and weaning
Authors: Beaumont Julia , Montgomery Janet , Buckberry Jo , Jay Mandy 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives: Studies of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of modern tissues with a fast turnover, such as hair and fingernails, have established the relationship between these values in mothers and their infants during breastfeeding and weaning. Using collagen from high‐resolution dentine sections of teeth, which form in the perinatal period we investigate the relationship between diet and physiology in this pivotal stage of life. Materials and Methods: Childhood dentine collagen δ13C and δ15N profiles were produced from horizontal sections of permanent and deciduous teeth following the direction of development. These were from two 19th‐century sites (n = 24) and a small number (n = 5) of prehistoric samples from Great Britain and Ireland. Results: These high‐resolution data exhibit marked differences between those who survived childhood and those who did not, the former varying little and the latter fluctuating widely. Discussion: Breastfeeding and weaning behavior have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of infants and the adults they become. In the absence of documentary evidence, archaeological studies of bone collagen of adults and juveniles have been used to infer the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding. These interpretations rely on certain assumptions about the relationship between isotope ratios in the bone collagen of the adult females and the infants who have died. The data from this study suggest a more complex situation than previously proposed and the potential for a new approach to the study of maternal and infant health in past populations. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:441–457, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Performance of a Pillared TiO2 Nanohybrid as an Anode Material for Fast and Reversible Lithium Storage
Authors: Wang Bei , Bai Yang , Xing Zheng , Hulicova‐Jurcakova Denisa , Wang Lianzhou 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTiO2 nanohybrid material with pillared nanostructure is prepared via an exfoliation/reassembly process of exfoliated Ti0.91O2 nanosheets and TiO2 nanoparticles, followed by a calcination treatment. The as‐prepared material consists of TiO2 nanoparticles (≈5–8 nm) randomly distributed in the interlayers of reassembled TiO2 nanosheets, resulting in a high specific surface area of 207 m2 g−1, which can effectively facilitate lithium diffusion and accommodation. The formed disordered TiO2 pillared material can deliver a specific discharge capacity of 349 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C with sufficient lithium intercalation and exceptional cycling stability for up to 150 cycles, and survive more than 350 continuous cycles with almost no capacity fading at 1 C, 5 C and 10 C. The superior electrochemical properties of our TiO2 nanohybrids demonstrate sufficient and reversible lithium insertion/extraction, and ultrafast lithium diffusion and storage capabilities.