bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-338-3p Suppresses Gastric Cancer Progression through a PTEN-AKT Axis by Targeting P-REX2a
Authors: Guo Bo , Liu Liying , Yao Jiayi , Ma Ruili , Chang Dongmin , Li Zongfang , Song Tusheng , Huang Chen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Results from recent studies suggest that aberrant microRNA expression is common in numerous cancers. Although miR-338-3p has been implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma, its role in gastric cancer is unknown. To this end, we report that miR-338-3p is downregulated in both gastric cancer tissue and cell lines. Forced expression of miR-338-3p inhibited cell proliferation and clonogenicity and induced a G1–S arrest as well as apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, P-Rex2a (PREX2) was identified as a direct target of miR-338-3p, and silencing P-Rex2a resulted in the same biologic effects of miR-338-3p expression in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, both enforced expression of miR-338-3p or silencing of P-Rex2a resulted in activation of PTEN, leading to a decline in AKT phosphorylation. Also, miR-338-3p markedly inhibited the in vivo tumorigenicity in a nude mouse xenograft model system. These results demonstrate that miR-338-3p affects gastric cancer progression through PTEN—AKT signaling by targeting P-Rex2a in gastric cancer cells, which posits miR-338-3p as a novel strategy for gastric cancer treatment.
Implications: miR-338-3p acts as a novel tumor suppressor that blocks the growth of gastric cancer cells through PTEN—PI3K signaling by targeting P-Rex2a. Mol Cancer Res; 12(3); 313–21. ©2013 AACR.
Desenvolvimento e implantação da nova estrutura curricular na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Prado Wiliam Alves do 
Published: December 2013

A Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, através de sua Comissão de Graduação, iniciou, em 1993, a implantação de estrutura curricular de um novo curso, denominado Curso de Ciências Médicas que, através de um único exame vestibular permite a graduação do aluno em Medicina e/ou em Ciências Biológicas-Modalidade Médica. Além desta flexibilização de sua terminalidade, o novo curso foi dividido em três fases: básica, clínica e internato, cada uma com dois anos de duração. As disciplinas tradicionais foram integradas em novas disciplinas ou articuladas no tempo, reduzindo a repetição desnecessária de conteúdo Novas disciplinas foram introduzidas visando o contato mais precoce do aluno com a Rede de Saúde e sua melhor formação ética e humanística Na fase clínica foram introduzidas novas disciplinas contendo tópicos de Semiologia Especializada Outros avanços da nova sistemática incluem a implantação de recursos para o auto aprendizado do estudante e a inclusão de disciplinas optativas nos três primeiros anos do curso permitindo maior contato do aluno com o docente em seu laboratório e aumento do numero de estudantes interessados em programa de iniciação científica. Como principais dificuldades são identificadas a resistência dos docentes em reduzir o uso de aulas teóricas como instrumento de ensino a sobrecarga de informações e a com pleta ausência de mecanismos de incentivo às atividades de ensino de graduação.
Monitorização hemodinâmica invasiva
Authors: Pereira Júnior Gerson Alves , Marson Flávio , Ostini Fátima M. , Antoniazzi Paulo , Gomide Mabel Duarte A. , Basile-Filho Anibal 
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é revisar todos os aspectos envolvidos na monitorização hemodinâmica invasiva do uso do cateter de Swan-Ganz. Esta prática, à beira do leito, será analisada em termos da sua indicação, da sua técnica de introdução, da verificação do seu posicionamento
¾ através do acompanhamento das ondas de pressão e de encunhamento, e da radiografia do tórax ¾ e do procedimento para as medidas hemodinâmicas, discutindo-se os principais fatores de erros que podem ser cometidos e as possíveis complicações do uso desse procedimento.
The Periductal Channels of the Endolymphatic Duct, Hydrodynamic Implications
Authors: Linthicum Fred H. , Doherty Joni , Webster Paul , Makarem Andres 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo describe the anatomy of a small network of channels surrounding the human endolymphatic duct.Study DesignArchival temporal bone sections and a surgical specimen were studied using a variety of techniques.SettingTemporal bone laboratory of the House Research Institute.Subjects and MethodsArchival temporal bone sections were examined by light microscopy, 3D reconstruction, and immunohistochemical labeling. A surgical specimen was examined using electron microscopy. Sections from temporal bones with blocked endolymphatic ducts or amputated sacs were examined for the manifestations of endolymphatic hydrops.ResultsPeri‐endolymphatic duct channels were found to extend from the proximal cisternal part of the endolymphatic sac to the supporting tissue of the saccule and utricle. Tissue in the channels, as seen by conventional and electron microscopy, is continuous with and identical with the tissue surrounding the endolymphatic duct. Tissue in the channels labels with the S100 antibody similar to the spiral ligament and supporting tissue of the vestibular end organs and suggests a neural crest origin, as did the presence of melanocytes. Obstruction of the endolymphatic duct resulted in endolymphatic hydrops whereas amputation of the sac did not.ConclusionEndolymph is probably absorbed in the endolymphatic duct. The peri‐endolymphatic duct channels that extend from the proximal sac to the supporting tissue of the saccule label with the S100 antibody and contain melanocytes suggest a neural crest origin and involvement in fluid and potassium hydrodynamics similar to those described for the similarly staining spiral ligament of the cochlea.
Bone Ablation without Thermal or Acoustic Mechanical Injury via a Novel Picosecond Infrared Laser (PIRL)
Authors: Jowett Nathan , Wöllmer Wolfgang , Reimer Rudolph , Zustin Jozef , Schumacher Udo , Wiseman Paul W. , Mlynarek Alex M. , Böttcher Arne , Dalchow Carsten V. , Lörincz Balazs B. , Knecht Rainald , Miller R. J. Dwayne 
Published: December 2013

Background and ObjectiveA precise means to cut bone without significant thermal or mechanical injury has thus far remained elusive. A novel non‐ionizing ultrafast pulsed picosecond infrared laser (PIRL) may provide the solution. Tissue ablation with the PIRL occurs via a photothermal process with thermal and stress confinement, resulting in efficient material ejection greatly enhanced through front surface spallation photomechanical effects. By comparison, the Er:YAG laser (EYL) ablates via photothermal and cavitation‐induced photomechanical effects without thermal or acoustic confinement, leading to significant collateral tissue injury. This study compared PIRL and EYL bone ablation by infrared thermography (IRT), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and histology.Study DesignProspective, comparative, ex vivo animal model.SettingOptics laboratory.Subjects and MethodsTen circular area defects were ablated in ex vivo chicken humeral cortex using PIRL and EYL at similar average power (~70 mW) under IRT. Following fixation, ESEM and undecalcified light microscopy images were obtained and examined for signs of cellular injury.ResultsPeak rise in surface temperature was negligible and lower for PIRL (1.56°C; 95% CI, 0.762‐2.366) compared to EYL ablation (12.99°C; 95% CI, 12.189‐13.792) (P <. 001). ESEM and light microscopy demonstrated preserved cortical microstructure following PIRL ablation in contrast to diffuse thermal injury seen with EYL ablation. Microfractures were not observed.ConclusionAblation of cortical bone using the PIRL generates negligible and significantly less heat than EYL ablation while preserving cortical microstructure. This novel laser has great potential in advancing surgical techniques where precision osseous manipulation is required.
Chronic Pepsin Exposure Promotes Anchorage‐Independent Growth and Migration of a Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Line
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth A. , Samuels Tina L. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: December 2013

Outcome Objectives(1) Investigate the role of reflux, specifically pepsin, in laryngopharyngeal carcinogenesis. (2) Evaluate effects of chronic pepsin exposure on cell migration, apoptosis, and colony‐forming ability in hypopharyngeal cells.Study DesignTranslation research.SettingAcademic research laboratory.MethodsHuman hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma FaDu cells were chronically exposed to nonacidic pepsin (exposed for 24 hours, 4 times over 2 weeks at the following concentrations: 0.01 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, or 1 mg/mL). Precise wounds were created in confluent cell plates, and rates of cell migration into wounds were quantified. Separately, cell viability of chronic pepsin‐exposed FaDu cells acutely treated with paclitaxel was measured. Finally, a clonogenic assay was performed on these cells to measure effects of chronic pepsin exposure on colony‐forming ability.ResultsAn increased rate of relative wound density was observed in chronic pepsin‐treated (0.01 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL) cells compared with control (P <. 001), suggesting greater rates of cell migration. Pepsin‐treated (0.1 mg/mL) cells demonstrated on average greater cell viability compared with control after exposure to paclitaxel, suggesting possible apoptotic resistance; however, this was not statistically significant. Chronic pepsin exposure (0.1 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL) was associated with a dose‐dependent increase in colony‐forming ability relative to control (P <. 001).ConclusionHypopharyngeal squamous cell line chronically exposed to pepsin demonstrated increased cell migration and colony‐forming ability relative to control cells. These experiments indicate that chronic pepsin exposure acts as a promoter of tumorigenesis and metastasis of airway epithelium, suggesting a role for pepsin in laryngopharyngeal carcinogenesis attributed to gastric reflux.
Usefulness of Sleep Endoscopy in Predicting Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Victores Andrew J. , Hamblin John , Gilbert Janet , Switzer Christi , Takashima Masayoshi 
Published: December 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to (1) evaluate whether position affects drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) findings in positional and nonpositional patients and (2) determine which areas of the upper airway obstruct in different body positions.Study DesignProspective, case‐controlled study.SettingAcademic tertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsTwenty‐two patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were enrolled. Two groups were individually recruited to make 11 consecutive patients with positional OSA and 11 consecutive patients with nonpositional OSA. Positional OSA was defined by nonsupine 50% reduction in apnea‐hypopnea index. DISE was performed with patients in both lateral and supine sleep positions. Upper airway collapse was compared between the sleep positions and between the 2 groups.ResultsMost patients (77%) demonstrated multilevel obstruction on DISE. Nearly all patients with positional OSA (91%) had at least a partial improvement in collapse while in the lateral sleep position. Most of the reduction in collapse involved the tongue base and epiglottis (P <. 05). Sleep position did not significantly alter the upper airway morphology of patients with nonpositional OSA. Apnea‐hypopnea index and body mass index were not significantly different between the 2 groups.ConclusionsSleep position can change upper airway morphology on DISE, particularly positional OSA patients. Hypopharyngeal collapse was the primary site that improved with change in position. DISE in multiple sleep positions should be considered as part of a minimally invasive approach to surgical therapy of OSA.
Biomechanical Validation of Load-Sharing Rip-Stop Fixation for the Repair of Tissue-Deficient Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Burkhart Stephen S. , Denard Patrick J. , Konicek John , Hanypsiak Bryan T. 
Published: December 2013

Background: Poor-quality tendon is one of the most difficult problems the surgeon must overcome in achieving secure fixation during rotator cuff repair. A load-sharing rip-stop construct (LSRS) has recently been proposed as a method for improving fixation strength, but the biomechanical properties of this construct have not yet been examined. Purpose: To compare the strength of the LSRS construct to that of single-row fixation for rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Rotator cuff tears were created in 6 cadaveric matched-pair specimens and repaired with a single row or an LSRS. In the LSRS repair, a 2-mm suture tape was placed as an inverted mattress stitch in the rotator cuff, and sutures from 2 anchors were placed as simple stitches that passed medial to the suture tape. The suture tape limbs were secured with knotless anchors laterally before sutures were tied from the medial anchors. Displacement was observed with video tracking after cyclic loading, and specimens were loaded to failure. Results: The mean load to failure was 371 ± 102 N in single-row repairs compared with 616 ± 185 N in LSRS repairs ( P = .031). There was no difference in displacement with cyclic loading between the groups (3.3 ± 0.8 mm vs 3.5 ± 1.1 mm; P = .561). In the single-row group, 4 of 6 failures occurred at the suture-tendon interface. In the LSRS group, only 1 failure occurred at the suture-tendon interface. Conclusion: The ultimate failure load of the LSRS construct for rotator cuff repair was 1.7 times that of a single-row construct in a cadaveric model. Clinical Relevance: The LSRS rotator cuff repair construct may be useful in the repair of difficult tears such as massive tears, medial tears, and tears with tendon loss.
Comparison of Oral Vancomycin Capsule and Solution for Treatment of Initial Episode of Severe Clostridium difficile Infection
Authors: Bass Stephanie N. , Lam Simon W. , Bauer Seth R. , Neuner Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2013

Objective: Vancomycin is recommended as a first-line therapy for severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Due to the high cost of commercially available vancomycin capsules, hospitals frequently compound oral solution despite a lack of data comparing outcomes. This study was conducted to determine treatment outcome differences based on oral vancomycin formulation. Methods: Medical charts of 76 patients with an initial episode of severe CDI receiving oral vancomycin as a commercially available capsule or a compounded oral solution for at least 72 hours were retrospectively reviewed. The primary objective was to compare the time to clinical cure of CDI. Results: Baseline characteristics between groups were similar except for the median lactate, which was higher in compounded oral solution group (1.5 vs 0.6 mmol/L, P < .001). There was no difference in clinical cure at day 10 (64% solution vs 59% capsules, P = .664). Median time to clinical cure was 8 days for solution and 7 for capsules ( P = .597). After adjustment, the hazard ratio of time to clinical cure for solution compared to capsules was 1.15 ( P = .69). No significant differences in mortality, recurrence, or complications were noted. Conclusion: Formulation of oral vancomycin did not impact treatment outcomes in this retrospective study.
Ankle Arthroscopy
Authors: Zaidi Razi , Hasan Kamrul , Sharma Aadhar , Cullen Nicholas , Singh Dishan , Goldberg Andrew 
Published: December 2013

Background: More than 10 000 ankle arthroscopy procedures are performed in the United Kingdom annually. Tourniquet use is thought to allow improved visibility and reduce operative time. However this is not without risk as it predisposes to neurovascular injury. The purpose of our study was to establish the feasibility of a subsequent larger randomized controlled trial, to test the hypothesis that tourniquet use might be unnecessary in ankle arthroscopy. Methods: We performed a prospective nonrandomized case control study on 63 patients undergoing ankle arthroscopy to assess the feasibility of a randomized control trial comparing tourniquet versus no tourniquet. All patients had a tourniquet placed on the thigh and a standard arthroscopic technique. In 1 group (n = 31) the tourniquet was routinely inflated, whereas in a second group (n = 32) the tourniquet was not inflated. Demographic data, intraoperative fluid pressures, and visibility were recorded, as were any intraoperative or postoperative complications. Results: There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to duration of operation, maximum intraoperative fluid pressures or visibility, and postoperative complications. In no cases where a tourniquet was not used did the surgeon need to inflate the tourniquet during the case. Conclusion: Most orthopaedic surgeons continue to use a tourniquet routinely for ankle arthroscopy, presumably on the belief that a clear operative view can be achieved only with a tourniquet. The findings of our feasibility study revealed that ankle arthroscopy was possible without the use of a tourniquet. We propose a randomized clinical trial to determine the best option for patient care. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Concussions From Youth Football
Authors: Jacobson Nathan A. , Buzas David , Morawa Lawrence G. 
Published: December 2013

Background: Youth football programs across the United States represent an at-risk population of approximately 3.5 million athletes for sports-related concussions. The frequency of concussions in this population is not known. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Over an 11-year span from January 2002 to December 2012, the authors reviewed the concussions sustained by athletes aged 5 to 13 years while playing football, as evaluated in emergency departments (EDs) in the United States and captured by the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database of the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. Results: There were 2028 (national estimate, 49,185) young football players evaluated in NEISS EDs with concussion from 2002 to 2012. There were 1987 (97.9%) males and 41 (2.1%) females, with a mean age of 11.2 years. The total number of concussions reported increased with age and by year. The majority of concussions were treated in the outpatient setting, with 1878 (91.7%) being treated and released. The total number of head-to-head injury mechanisms mirrored the total number of concussions by year, which increased throughout the 11-year span. The total number of players experiencing a loss of consciousness increased throughout the study period but did not match the total number of concussions over the 11-year time period. Fractures occurred in 11 (0.5%) patients, with 2 being severe (1 skull fracture and 1 thoracic compression fracture). Conclusion: Within the 5- to 13-year age range, there were a significant number of young athletes who presented to EDs with concussion as a result of playing organized football. Older children may be at greater risk for sustaining concussions, fractures, and catastrophic injuries while playing football when compared with younger children. Clinical Relevance: Younger children are more susceptible to long-term sequelae from head injuries, and thus, improved monitoring systems for these athletes are needed to assist in monitoring patterns of injury, identifying risk factors, and driving the development of evidence-based prevention programs.
A mesh generation and machine learning framework for Drosophilagene expression pattern image analysis
Authors: Zhang Wenlu , Feng Daming , Li Rongjian , Chernikov Andrey , Chrisochoides Nikos , Osgood Christopher , Konikoff Charlotte , Newfeld Stuart , Kumar Sudhir , Ji Shuiwang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Multicellular organisms consist of cells of many different types that are established during development. Each type of cell is characterized by the unique combination of expressed gene products as a result of spatiotemporal gene regulation. Currently, a fundamental challenge in regulatory biology is to elucidate the gene expression controls that generate the complex body plans during development. Recent advances in high-throughput biotechnologies have generated spatiotemporal expression patterns for thousands of genes in the model organism fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Existing qualitative methods enhanced by a quantitative analysis based on computational tools we present in this paper would provide promising ways for addressing key scientific questions.

Results
We develop a set of computational methods and open source tools for identifying co-expressed embryonic domains and the associated genes simultaneously. To map the expression patterns of many genes into the same coordinate space and account for the embryonic shape variations, we develop a mesh generation method to deform a meshed generic ellipse to each individual embryo. We then develop a co-clustering formulation to cluster the genes and the mesh elements, thereby identifying co-expressed embryonic domains and the associated genes simultaneously. Experimental results indicate that the gene and mesh co-clusters can be correlated to key developmental events during the stages of embryogenesis we study. The open source software tool has been made available at http://compbio.cs.odu.edu/fly/.

Conclusions
Our mesh generation and machine learning methods and tools improve upon the flexibility, ease-of-use and accuracy of existing methods.
BAIAP2 exhibits association to childhood ADHD especially predominantly inattentive subtype in Chinese Han subjects
Authors: Liu Lu , Sun Li , Li Ze-Hua , Li Hai-Mei , Wei Li-Ping , Wang Yu-Feng , Qian Qiu-Jin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder with a high heritability. Much evidence of hemisphere asymmetry has been found for ADHD probands from behavioral level, electrophysiological level and brain morphology. One previous research has reported possible association between BAIAP2, which is asymmetrically expressed in the two cerebral hemispheres, with ADHD in European population. The present study aimed to investigate the association between BAIAP2 and ADHD in Chinese Han subjects.

Methods
A total of 1,397 ADHD trios comprised of one ADHD proband and their parents were included for family-based association tests. Independent 569 ADHD cases and 957 normal controls were included for case-control studies. Diagnosis was performed according to the DSM-IV criteria. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of BAIAP2 were chosen and performed genotyping for both family-based and case-control association studies.

Results
Transmission disequilibrium tests (TDTs) for family-based association studies showed significant association between the CA haplotype comprised by rs3934492 and rs9901648 with predominantly inattentive type (ADHD-I). For case-control study, chi-square tests provided evidence for the contribution of SNP rs4969239, rs3934492 and rs4969385 to ADHD and its two clinical subtypes, ADHD-I and ADHD-C. However, only the associations for ADHD and ADHD-I retained significant after corrections for multiplicity or logistic regression analyses adjusting the potential confounding effect of gender and age.

Conclusions
These above results indicated the possible involvement of BAIAP2 in the etiology of ADHD, especially ADHD-I.