bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RobotReviewer: evaluation of a system for automatically assessing bias in clinical trials
Authors: Marshall Iain J , Kuiper Joël , Wallace Byron C 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate RobotReviewer, a machine learning (ML) system that automatically assesses bias in clinical trials. From a (PDF-formatted) trial report, the system should determine risks of bias for the domains defined by the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) tool, and extract supporting text for these judgments.
Methods We algorithmically annotated 12,808 trial PDFs using data from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR). Trials were labeled as being at low or high/unclear risk of bias for each domain, and sentences were labeled as being informative or not. This dataset was used to train a multi-task ML model. We estimated the accuracy of ML judgments versus humans by comparing trials with two or more independent RoB assessments in the CDSR. Twenty blinded experienced reviewers rated the relevance of supporting text, comparing ML output with equivalent (human-extracted) text from the CDSR.
Results By retrieving the top 3 candidate sentences per document (top3 recall), the best ML text was rated more relevant than text from the CDSR, but not significantly (60.4% ML text rated ‘highly relevant' v 56.5% of text from reviews; difference +3.9%, [−3.2% to +10.9%]). Model RoB judgments were less accurate than those from published reviews, though the difference was &lt;10% (overall accuracy 71.0% with ML v 78.3% with CDSR).
Conclusion Risk of bias assessment may be automated with reasonable accuracy. Automatically identified text supporting bias assessment is of equal quality to the manually identified text in the CDSR. This technology could substantially reduce reviewer workload and expedite evidence syntheses.
Cross-vendor evaluation of key user-defined clinical decision support capabilities: a scenario-based assessment of certified electronic health records with guidelines for future development
Authors: McCoy Allison B , Wright Adam , Sittig Dean F 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objective Clinical decision support (CDS) is essential for delivery of high-quality, cost-effective, and safe healthcare. The authors sought to evaluate the CDS capabilities across electronic health record (EHR) systems.
Methods We evaluated the CDS implementation capabilities of 8 Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology Authorized Certification Body (ONC-ACB)-certified EHRs. Within each EHR, the authors attempted to implement 3 user-defined rules that utilized the various data and logic elements expected of typical EHRs and that represented clinically important evidenced-based care. The rules were: 1) if a patient has amiodarone on his or her active medication list and does not have a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) result recorded in the last 12 months, suggest ordering a TSH; 2) if a patient has a hemoglobin A1c result &gt;7% and does not have diabetes on his or her problem list, suggest adding diabetes to the problem list; and 3) if a patient has coronary artery disease on his or her problem list and does not have aspirin on the active medication list, suggest ordering aspirin.
Results Most evaluated EHRs lacked some CDS capabilities; 5 EHRs were able to implement all 3 rules, and the remaining 3 EHRs were unable to implement any of the rules. One of these did not allow users to customize CDS rules at all. The most frequently found shortcomings included the inability to use laboratory test results in rules, limit rules by time, use advanced Boolean logic, perform actions from the alert interface, and adequately test rules.
Conclusion Significant improvements in the EHR certification and implementation procedures are necessary.
Fine structure above a light bridge in the transition region and corona
Authors: Bharti L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
We present the results of multiwavelength, co-spatial and near co-temporal observations of jets above a sunspot light bridge (LB). The data were obtained with the Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode, the Interface Region Spectrograph (IRIS) and the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamic Observatory. Most of the jets in the Ca ii H images show decreasing brightness with height while in the IRIS slit-jaw images at 1330 Å jets show a bright leading edge. These jets show rising and falling motion as evident from the parabolic profile obtained from the time–distance diagram. The rising and falling speeds of the jets are similar. These jets show a coordinated behaviour between neighbouring jets moving jointly up and down. Some of the jets show a plasma ejection from the leading edge which is also hotter at the transition region (TR) and coronal temperatures. A similar behaviour is seen in the AIA wavebands that suggests that jets above the LB reach up to the lower corona and the leading edges are heated up to coronal temperatures. Such jets are important means of transfer mass and energy to the TR and corona above sunspots.
The Subaru FMOS galaxy redshift survey (FastSound). I. Overview of the survey targeting Hα emitters at z ∼ 1.4
Authors: Tonegawa Motonari , Totani Tomonori , Okada Hiroyuki , Akiyama Masayuki , Dalton Gavin , Glazebrook Karl , Iwamuro Fumihide , Maihara Toshinori , Ohta Kouji , Shimizu Ikkoh , Takato Naruhisa , Tamura Naoyuki , Yabe Kiyoto , Bunker Andrew J. , Coupon Jean , Ferreira Pedro G. , Frenk Carlos S. , Goto Tomotsugu , Hikage Chiaki , Ishikawa Takashi , Matsubara Takahiko , More Surhud , Okumura Teppei , Percival Will J. , Spitler Lee R. , Szapudi Istvan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
FastSound is a galaxy redshift survey that uses the near-infrared Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS) mounted on the Subaru Telescope, targeting Hα emitters at z ∼ 1.18–1.54 down to the sensitivity limit of Hα flux ∼ 2 × 10−16 erg cm−2 s−1. The primary goal of the survey is to detect redshift space distortion (RSD), to test the general theory of relativity by measuring the growth rate of large-scale structure and to constrain modified gravity models for the origin of the accelerated expansion of the universe. The target galaxies were selected based on photometric redshifts and Hα flux estimates calculated by fitting spectral energy distribution (SED) models to the five optical magnitudes of the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) Wide catalog. The survey started in 2012 March, and all the observations were completed in 2014 July. In total, we achieved 121 pointings of FMOS (each pointing has a 30′ diameter circular footprint) covering 20.6 deg2 by tiling the four fields of the CFHTLS Wide in a hexagonal pattern. Emission lines were detected from ∼ 4000 star-forming galaxies by an automatic line detection algorithm applied to 2D spectral images. This is the first in a series of papers based on FastSound data, and we describe the details of the survey design, target selection, observations, data reduction, and emission line detections.
X-ray measurement of electron and magnetic-field energy densities in the west lobe of the giant radio galaxy 3C 236
Authors: Isobe Naoki , Koyama Shoko 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
X-ray emission associated with the west lobe of the giant radio galaxy 3C 236 was investigated with the Suzaku observatory to evaluate the energetics in the lobe. After removing contamination from point-like X-ray sources detected with Chandra and subtracting the X-ray and non-X-ray backgrounds, the Suzaku spectrum from the lobe was reproduced by a power-law model with a photon index of $\Gamma = 2.23_{-0.38-0.12}^{+0.44+0.14}$, where the first and second errors represent the statistical and systematic ones, respectively. Within the errors, the X-ray index was consistent with the radio synchrotron one, ΓR = 1.74 ± 0.07, estimated in the 326–2695 MHz range. This agreement supports that the X-ray emission is attributed to the inverse-Compton radiation from the synchrotron electrons filling the lobe, where the cosmic microwave background photons are up-scattered. This result made 3C 236 the largest radio galaxy of which the lobe has ever been probed through the inverse-Compton X-ray photons. When the photon index was fixed at ΓR, the X-ray flux density at 1 keV was measured as SX = 12.3 ± 2.0 ± 1.9 nJy. A comparison of the X-ray flux to the radio one (SR = 1.11 ± 0.02 Jy at 608.5 MHz) yields the energy densities of the electrons and magnetic field in the west lobe as $u_{\rm e} = 3.9_{-0.7 -0.9}^{+0.6 +1.0} \times 10^{-14}$ erg cm−3 and $u_{\rm m} = 0.92_{-0.15 -0.35}^{+0.21 +0.52}\times 10^{-14}$ erg cm−3, respectively, indicating a mild electron dominance of $u_{\rm e}/u_{\rm m} = 4.2_{-1.3 -2.3}^{+1.6 +4.1}$. The latter corresponds to the magnetic field strength of $B = 0.48_{-0.04 -0.10}^{+0.05 +0.12}\ \mu$G. These are typical among the lobes of giant radio galaxies. A summary of the ue–size relation for the inverse-Compton-detected radio galaxies implies that the west lobe of 3C 236 is still actively energized by its jet.
Scholarly Productivity and National Institutes of Health Funding of Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research Grant Recipients
Authors: Pagel Paul S. , Hudetz Judith A. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAbstract
In a review of nearly 400 Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research awardees since 1987, approximately 80% currently hold full-time academic appointments, and their research productivity (>19,000 papers) and research success (391 National Institutes of Health grants totaling nearly $450 million) are high.

Background:
The Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research (FAER) grant program provides fellows and junior faculty members with grant support to stimulate their careers. The authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of recipients of FAER grants since 1987.

Methods:
Recipients were identified in the FAER alumni database. Each recipient’s affiliation was identified using an Internet search (keyword “anesthesiology”). The duration of activity, publications, publication rate, citations, citation rate, h-index, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding for each recipient were obtained using the Scopus® (Elsevier, USA) and NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools® (National Institutes of Health, USA) databases.

Results:
Three hundred ninety-seven individuals who received 430 FAER grants were analyzed, 79.1% of whom currently hold full-time academic appointments. Recipients published 19,647 papers with 548,563 citations and received 391 NIH grants totaling $448.44 million. Publications, citations, h-index, the number of NIH grants, and amount of support were dependent on academic rank and years of activity (P < 0.0001). Recipients who acquired NIH grants (40.3%) had greater scholarly output than those who did not. Recipients with more publications were also more likely to secure NIH grants. Women had fewer publications and lower h-index than men, but there were no gender-based differences in NIH funding. Scholarly output was similar in recipients with MD and PhD degrees versus those with MD degrees alone, but recipients with MD and PhD degrees were more likely to receive NIH funding than those with MDs alone.

Conclusion:
Most FAER alumni remain in academic anesthesiology and have established a consistent record of scholarly output that appears to exceed reported productivity for average faculty members identified in previous studies.
Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations in Children With Chronic Pancreatitis in the United States
Authors: Pant Chaitanya , Sferra Thomas J. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTWe analyzed 2 national databases to assess the use of health care resources by children with chronic pancreatitis (CP). In 2012, the hospital discharge rate for pediatric CP was 2.73/100,000 children. Patients with CP were sicker with a greater burden of illness than age‐ and sex‐matched counterparts. Acute pancreatitis occurred frequently in hospitalized children with CP. Abdominal pain and nausea, and vomiting were the most common gastrointestinal symptoms associated with emergency department visits in children with CP. A significant proportion of these visits resulted in a hospitalization. These findings add to our understanding of the epidemiology of CP in the United States.
Interaction of Giardia intestinalis and Systemic Oxidation in Preschool Children in the Western Highlands of Guatemala
Authors: Soto‐Méndez María J. , Aguilera Concepción M. , Mesa María D. , Campaña‐Martín Laura , Martín‐Laguna Victoria , Solomons Noel W. , Schümann Klaus , Gil Ángel 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTBackground:Guatemala is a country with the highest prevalence of stunting in under‐5 children in the Americas, with a national average of 49.8%. Asymptomatic intestinal colonization with Giardia intestinalis is common in Guatemalan preschoolers and has been implicated as a factor in linear growth retardation. The potential mechanisms of any giardiasis‐growth interaction have not been exhaustively explored.Objectives:The aim of the present study was to describe urine oxidative stress biomarkers and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, and to explore any association with prevalence or intensity of G intestinalis infection in preschoolers attending 3 government‐subsidized day care centers in the Guatemalan Western Highlands.Methods:Samples of feces, urine, and red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate were collected in a total of 74 preschoolers enrolled in 3 day care centers. Giardia prevalence and a proxy index for intensity were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Urinary biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA (8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine [8‐OHdG]) and to lipid (F2t 15‐Isoprostane [F2‐Iso]) were measured by ELISA. The erythrocyte activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were measured by respective spectroscopic substrate‐based reaction assays.Results:Median values of RBC CAT activity (P = 0.016) and urine F2‐Iso (P = 0.023) differed between children who were positive (n = 39) and negative (n = 35) for Giardia. Similarly, G intestinalis intensity was significantly and positively associated with urinary F2‐Iso (r = 0.446, P < 0.001), RBC SOD (r = 283, P = 0.014), and RBC CAT (r = 0.260, P = 0.025).Conclusion:The optical density reading of the fecal ELISA assay for G intestinalis has potential as a proxy for the intensity of infestation. In this respect, there exists an association of this intensity with indicators of the systemic oxidation.
Pediatric Facial Fractures
Authors: Hoppe Ian C. , Kordahi Anthony M. , Lee Edward S. , Granick Mark S. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:
Interpersonal violence is a relatively infrequent cause of injury to the craniofacial skeleton in the pediatric population. The presentation of fractures as a result of different causes varies dramatically and can have a direct impact on management. The current study compares facial fractures in a pediatric population as a result of interpersonal violence with other mechanisms of injury.

Methods:
A retrospective review of all of the facial fractures at a level 1 trauma center in an urban environment was performed for the years 2000 to 2012. Patients ≤18 years were included. Patient demographics were collected, as well as location of fractures, concomitant injuries, services consulted, and surgical management strategies. Patients were placed into 2 groups, those sustaining an injury as a result of interpersonal violence and all others. A significance value of 5% was used.

Results:
During this period, there were 3147 facial fractures treated at our institution, 353 of which were in pediatric patients. Upon further review, 68 patients were excluded because of insufficient data for analysis, leaving 285 patients for review. There were 124 (43.5%) patients identified as sustaining a fracture as a result of interpersonal violence. Those sustaining a fracture as a result of interpersonal violence were statistically (P < 0.05) more likely to be boys and to have sustained a fracture of the mandible. The most common services consulted for this group of patients was plastic surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery. This group of patients was statistically (P < 0.05) more likely to be admitted specifically for management of a facial fracture and statistically (P < 0.05) more likely to be treated operatively with rigid internal fixation. Those sustaining a fracture as a result of interpersonal violence were significantly less likely to have other systemic injuries such as spinal fractures, intracranial fractures, long bone fractures, and pelvic/thoracic fractures. This group was also more likely to undergo treatment via conservative means. In addition, a significantly higher Glasgow Coma Scale (14.7 vs 12.8) and age (16.0 vs 12.8 years) and a significantly lower hospital length of stay (2.9 vs 7.9 days) was observed in the group subjected to interpersonal violence.

Conclusions:
Pediatric patients experiencing facial facture as a result of interpersonal violence show a very distinctive pattern of presentation. The energy associated with the injury is likely focused directly at the craniofacial skeleton and therefore other organ systems are spared. This allows more directed fracture management resulting in a shorter hospital stay when necessitating admission. The findings of the current study are important in that such a large proportion of the patients reviewed experienced interpersonal violence, more so than most other similar studies.
Can microfinance crowdfunding reduce financial exclusion? Regulatory issues
Authors: Marakkath Nadiya , Attuel-mendes Laurence 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to discuss how regulatory environment can be a fundamental constraint or lever in defining the scope of operations of a social innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews with top-level executives of pioneers of crowdfunding were run in India and France, two of the three leading countries in this field.

Findings
– Four main issues rise: choice of legal status, constraints for the operations model, compliance with anti-money laundering measures and challenges in marketing and sustainability.

Originality/value
– This paper contributes to knowledge advancement in the field of this new funding actor that could challenge the banking system. This is the first paper to explore these regulatory issues and their impact on marketing practices.
Critical analysis of smart environment sensor data behavior pattern based on sequential data mining techniques
Authors: Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Yi Chai , Wang Chengliang , He Zhongshi 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– Behavioral pattern mining for intelligent system such as SmEs sensor data are vitally important in many applications and performance optimizations. Sensor pattern mining (SPM) is also dynamic and a hot research issue to pervasive and ubiquitous of smart technologies toward improving human life. However, in large-scale sensor data, exploring and mining pattern, which leads to detect the abnormal behavior is challenging. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Sensor data are complex and multivariate, for example, which data captured by the sensors, how it is precise, what properties are recorded or measured, are important research issues. Therefore, the method, the authors proposed Sequential Data Mining (SDM) approach to explore pattern behaviors toward detecting abnormal patterns for smart space fault diagnosis and performance optimization in the intelligent world. Sensor data types, modeling, descriptions and SPM techniques are discussed in depth using real sensor data sets.

Findings
– The outcome of the paper is measured as introducing a novel idea how SDM technique’s scale-up to sensor data pattern mining. In the paper, the approach and technicality of the sensor data pattern analyzed, and finally the pattern behaviors detected or segmented as normal and abnormal patterns.

Originality/value
– The paper is focussed on sensor data behavioral patterns for fault diagnosis and performance optimizations. It is other ways of knowledge extraction from the anomaly of sensor data (observation records), which is pertinent to adopt in many intelligent systems applications, including safety and security, efficiency, and other advantages as the consideration of the real-world problems.
Integrated marketing communication: making it work at a strategic level
Authors: Kitchen Philip J. , Burgmann Inga 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe, review and critique the concept of integrated marketing communications (IMCs) and to suggest ways forward conceptually and managerially.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper critically reviews the emergence, growth and current status of IMC.

Findings
– As the authors consider IMC diffusion in business practice, its generic acceptance in terms of theory and obstacles or difficulties standing in the way of further developments, this leads to positioning IMC more ably, strengthening its theoretical foundations, critiquing its contribution so far and assessing conceptual and managerial issues.

Research limitations/implications
– As a critical review, the authors draw upon data from wide variety of academic IMC research. However, there is an identifiable specific need for in-company empirical research.

Practical implications
– Where IMC is applied in a strategic way, with a view to creating synergy among the different marketing communication elements to achieve short- and long-term returns, the approach can be and is associated with greater consistency among messages and functions, and leads to cost savings, easier working relations between different departments, better utilisation of media and promotional mix elements, together with greater efficiency and enhanced returns.

Originality/value
– The value of the paper lies in its detailed review of the literature, IMC’s significance in terms of conceptualisation and business practice, and underlines the need for further in-company research.
Key account teams: success factors for implementing strategy
Authors: Lai Christine Jaushyuam , Gelb Betsy D. 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore a contributing factor – communication – within a team as well as with a client. Organizations that rely on key account teams for strategy implementation may find their “best laid plans” thwarted by communication problems associated with such teams.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on depth interviews and content analysis. The authors analyze what team members and team leaders say and count positive/negative terms about communication within teams and with clients. These counts of such terms as a proportion of interview length are compared to the actual team success.

Findings
Negative comments about communication within the team focus on difficulty and positive comments focus on support. Interestingly, however, the best indicator of whether a team has succeeded in selling its key account is the extent of negative expressions about communication from key account managers. Presumably, the structure of key account teams gives them an extra leadership burden, and the authors’ see a relationship between their perception of communication shortcomings and success or failure.

Research limitations/implications
The authors recommend investigating communication issues when strategy implementation depends on key account teams, but because this study is conducted using a qualitative method with one company, its results cannot be projected. The authors simply demonstrate what a company could learn from conducting its own study and comparing results to its sales success.

Originality/value
Little research has examined communication in key account teams or linked it to sales success.