bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of basin fill in Triassic turbidites of the Nanpanjiang basin: implications for regional tectonics and impacts on carbonate‐platform evolution
Authors: Lehrmann Daniel J. , Chaikin Daniel H. , Enos Paul , Minzoni Marcello , Payne Jonathan L. , Yu Meiyi , Goers Alexa , Wood Tanner , Richter Paula , Kelley Brian M. , Li Xiaowei , Qin Yanjiao , Liu Lingyun , Lu Gang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Nanpanjiang Basin occurs in a key position for resolving controversies of basin tectonics and patterns of plate assembly at the junction between south China and Southeast Asian plates. Paleocurrent measurements indicate that siliciclastic turbidites in the basin were sourced by the Precambrian Jiangnan uplift to the northeast, the Precambrian Yunkai uplift to the southeast and the Triassic Songma suture to the south. Detrital zircon geochronology reveals Archean (2500 Ma), Paleoproterozoic (1800–1900 Ma), Neoproterozoic (900–1000 Ma) and Paleozoic (420–460 Ma) ages consistent with derivation from the Jiangnan and Yunkai uplifts. A large Permian‐Triassic peak of 250 Ma is present in the southern basin and attenuates northward suggesting derivation from an arc developed along the Songma suture. Sandstone QFL compositions average 65/12/23% and plot in the recycled orogen field except for a few samples in the southern basin that fall in the dissected arc field. The compositions are consistent with derivation from Precambrian basement that includes orogenic complexes. In the southern basin, Middle Triassic turbidites contain greater lithics and feldspars and Lower Triassic turbidites have volcaniclastic composition consistent with derivation from a southerly arc. Our preferred interpretation is evolution from remnant basin to a large peripheral foreland with southward subduction and convergence with Indochina along the Songma suture. The previously proposed Dian‐Qiong zone is not a suture as its map location places it within carbonate platforms bounded by identical stratigraphy. The Nan‐Uttaradit zone is too distant to have provided voluminous siliciclastic flux to the basin. The Nanpanjiang Basin provides an example of the evolution of an exceptionally large foreland with far‐field rejuvenation of Precambrian uplifts and carbonate platforms that were significantly influenced by siliciclastic flux. The timing and pattern of turbidite basin fill impacted platform evolution by enabling margin progradation in areas proximal to siliciclastic sources, whereas platforms distant from sources were driven to aggradation and extreme relief with large‐scale gravitational sector collapse.
Mikroorganismen des Zehenzwischenraums – Bedeutung für das Beinerysipel
Authors: Müller Dominik‐Patrick , Hoffmann Reinhard , Welzel Julia 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundSeit Jahren verzeichnet man in Deutschland einen stetigen Anstieg der Erysipelinzidenz. Betroffene Patienten weisen häufig auch Defekte der Hautbarriere, verursacht durch Mikroorganismen, auf. Ziel dieser nicht‐interventionellen Fall‐Kontroll‐Studie war es, einen potenziellen Zusammenhang zwischen der Tinea pedis interdigitalis beziehungsweise der bakteriellen Flora des Zehenzwischenraums und dem Beinerysipel sowie eine eventuelle Interaktion der Mikroorganismen untereinander zu untersuchen.Patienten und MethodikDas Patientenkollektiv umfasste 150 Patienten, verteilt auf drei gleich große Gruppen, eine retrospektive sowie prospektive Erysipelgruppe (EG = rEG + pEG) und eine Kontrollgruppe (KG).Ergebnisse51 % der Erysipel‐ sowie 32 % der Kontrollpatienten litten unter einer Tinea pedis interdigitalis. Zwar ergab sich kein signifikanter Zusammenhang mit dem Erysipel, jedoch mit dessen Rezidivierung. Staphylococcus aureus (EG: 30,34 %; KG: 3,23 %) und die apathogenen aeroben Keime (EG: 28,09 %; KG: 80,65 %) zeigten in allen statistischen Analysen der mikrobiellen Flora des Zehenzwischenraumes eine signifikante Assoziation mit dem Erysipel. Bei Staphylococcus aureus war diese positiv, bei den apathogenen Keimen hingegen negativ.SchlussfolgerungenDiese Studie konnte einen Zusammenhang zwischen den Mikroorganismen des Zehenzwischenraumes und dem Beinerysipel belegen, wobei die bakterielle Flora für das Erysipel an sich und die Tinea pedis interdigitalis für die Rezidiventstehung maßgeblich war.
Charakteristika und Koinfektionen mit Syphilis bei neu mit HIV diagnostizierten Patienten aus dem Universitätsklinikum Dresden von 1987–2012
Authors: Spornraft‐Ragaller Petra , Schmitt Jochen , Stephan Victoria , Boashie Ute , Beissert Stefan 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundKoinfektionsraten von HIV und Syphilis sind über Meldedaten nicht erhältlich und es existiert in Ostdeutschland bisher kein Kollektiv, an dem dies repräsentativ für eine Region ermittelt wurde. Steigende Syphilis‐Inzidenzraten 2010–2012 besonders bei Männern mit sexuellen Kontakten zu Männern (MSM) werden als Mitursache für die in dieser Gruppe aktuell wieder steigenden HIV‐Neuinfektionsraten diskutiert.Patienten und MethodikDie Charakteristika von 355 konsekutiven, neu mit HIV diagnostizierten Patienten aus dem Universitätsklinikum Dresden von 1987–2012 wurden retrospektiv anhand der Meldedaten für den Dresdner Raum und im Vergleich zu bundesweiten Daten überprüft sowie Koinfektionen mit Syphilis analysiert.ErgebnisseIn unserem Kollektiv fand sich im Vergleich zu bundesweiten Meldedaten ein höherer Anteil von Personen aus Hochprävalenzländern und von Patienten im Stadium AIDS. Der Anteil von MSM in der Altersgruppe bis 25 Jahre stieg ab 2001 dreifach an. Bei HIV‐Erstdiagnose betrug die Seroprävalenz der Syphilis im Gesamtzeitraum 20,3 %. Eine aktive Syphilis (VDRL‐Titer ≥ 1 : 8) bestand bei 6,7 % der Fälle, überwiegend MSM, die zudem eine signifikant höhere HIV‐Virämie aufwiesen.SchlussfolgerungenUnsere Studie bekräftigt aktuell vermutete ursächliche Zusammenhänge steigender HIV‐Neuinfektionen mit zunehmender Syphilis‐Inzidenz bei MSM. Die frühzeitige Diagnose von Syphilis ermöglicht eine frühere Diagnose von HIV‐Infektionen. HIV‐Präventionsmaßnahmen sollten daher auch andere sexuell übertragbare Erkrankungen einschließen.
Vaskuläre Nischen: Endothelzellen als multifunktionale gewebe‐ und standortspezifische Teamplayer im gesunden und erkrankten Organismus
Authors: Géraud Cyrill , Koch Philipp‐S. , Goerdt Sergij 
Published: July 2014

ZusammenfassungDas kardiovaskuläre System ist ein Kreislauf, der das Blut an nahezu jede Stelle des Körpers transportiert. Die Endothelzellen (endothelial cells; EC) stellen als innerste Zellschicht der Blutgefäße eine ausgedehnte Grenzfläche zwischen dem Blut und fast allen anderen Geweben und Zellen dar. In der frühen Geschichte vaskulärer Entdeckungen wurden die Blutgefäße und ihre EC als eher passive, inerte Leitungsrohre angesehen, inzwischen lassen die Fortschritte in der vaskulären Forschung jedoch erkennen, dass die EC aktiv an zahlreichen physiologischen oder pathophysiologischen Prozessen beteiligt sind. Die endotheliale Heterogenität und das Konzept der vaskulären Nischen stehen im Fokus de aktuellen vaskulären Forschung. Die endotheliale Heterogenität umfasst dabei morphologische, molekulare und funktionelle Eigenschaften. Sie ermöglicht den EC, sich an die organ‐ und standortspezifischen Anforderungen in den unterschiedlichen Segmenten des Gefäßbaumes anzupassen. In den organspezifischen vaskulären Nischen stehen die EC in wechselseitiger Interaktion mit ihren Nachbarzellen. Für von den EC gebildete, parakrin (angiokrin) wirkende Zytokine, auch Angiokine genannt, konnte gezeigt werden, dass sie an zahlreichen biologischen Prozessen maßgeblich beteiligt sind, angefangen von der Stammzelldifferenzierung über die Organregeneration und Tumorprogression bis hin zur Metastasierung. Zusammenfassend sollten EC bei der Aufrechterhaltung und Regulation der komplexen Interaktionen multizellulärer Netzwerke im gesunden und kranken Organismus stets als wichtige Akteure betrachtet werden.
The metabolic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) affects the outcome of intra‐specific competition in a polyembryonic wasp
Authors: BOWKER CHERYL L. , ROSS KENNETH G. , STRAND MICHAEL R. 
Published: July 2014

1. Polyembryonic parasitoid wasps in the family Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera) have evolved a caste system consisting of morphologically and functionally distinct larvae called soldiers and reproductives.2. Two selective pressures are thought to underlie the evolution of the soldier caste: defence against competitors and resolution of the sex ratio conflict. Previous studies also indicate that soldier development time strongly affects the outcome of intra‐specific competition in the polyembryonic encyrtid Copidosoma floridanum Ashmead. This study builds on prior findings by showing that alleles of the metabolic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi) differentially affect soldier development time and the outcome of competition.3. Soldier larvae with the Pgi alleles 100 or 120 emerged on average 65 h post‐parasitism, whereas soldier larvae with a third allele, 54, emerged at 67 h. In turn, C. floridanum broods homozygous for the 100 and 120 alleles outcompete broods homozygous for the 54 allele.4. Pgi allelic diversity may be maintained through a life‐history trade‐off affecting female brood sizes with homozygous broods bearing the developmentally disadvantageous 54 allele producing more adult females than broods bearing alternate common alleles.
Deep impact:in situfunctional responses reveal context‐dependent interactions between vertically migrating invasive and native mesopredators and shared prey
Authors: Barrios‐O'Neill Daniel , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Ricciardi Anthony , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Emmerson Mark C. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryThe ecological effects of invasive species depend on myriad environmental contexts, rendering understanding problematic. Functional responses provide a means to quantify resource use by consumers over short timescales and could therefore provide insight into how the effects of invasive species vary over space and time. Here, we use novelin situmicrocosm experiments to track changes in the functional responses of two aquatic mesopredators, one native and the other an invader, as they undergo diel vertical migrations through a lake water column.The Ponto–Caspian mysid,Hemimysis anomala, a known ecologically damaging invader, generally had higher a functional response towards cladoceran prey than did a native trophic analogue,Mysis salemaai. However, this differential was spatiotemporally dependent, being minimal during the day on the lake bottom, and increasing at night, particularly inshore.Because the functional response of the native predator was spatiotemporally consistent, the above pattern was driven by changes in the invader functional response over the diel cycle. In particular, the functional response ofH. anomalawas significantly reduced on the lake bottom during the daytime relative to night, and predation was especially pronounced in shallow surface waters.We demonstrate the context dependency of the effects of an invasive predator on prey populations and emphasise the utility of functional responses as tools to inform our understanding of predator–prey interactions.In situmanipulations integrate experimental rigour with field relevance and have the potential to reveal how impacts manifest over a range of spatiotemporal scales.
Evaluation of a parent‐designed programme to support tooth brushing of infants and young children
Authors: Huebner CE , Milgrom P 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis study developed and tested an intervention to help parents establish a routine of brushing their young children's teeth twice a day.MethodsCommunity‐based participatory research methods were used to engage parents in the design of the intervention to maximize its relevance and acceptability to others. Input was obtained by interviews and focus groups. The resulting intervention was four 90‐min small‐group sessions that provided educational information, direct instruction, practice and peer‐to‐peer problem‐solving. A pre‐ to post‐non‐randomized design was used to evaluate the intervention's effect to increase or maintain parents' twice daily brushing.ResultsIntervention participants were 67 primary caregivers of children under six years of age. Of the 67 initial participants, 50 completed a post‐intervention questionnaire administered 4 to 8 weeks following the intervention. The proportion of parents who reported brushing their young children's teeth twice a day increased significantly from 59 per cent prior to the intervention to 89 per cent post‐intervention (McNemar's X2 = 10.71, P = 0.002). There were concomitant and statistically significant increases over the study period in parents' confidence for brushing twice a day, attitudes about the importance of brushing and their self‐efficacy for tooth brushing. Parents' knowledge of children's oral health, assessed by a 15‐item scale developed for this study (‘Things to Know About Baby Teeth’), also increased significantly.ConclusionsTwice daily tooth brushing is a low‐cost, effective strategy to reduce the risk of childhood caries. As demonstrated here, community‐based efforts can help parents achieve this important health behaviour.
Treatment of recalcitrant warts with intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine: a promising approach
Authors: Nofal Ahmad , Nofal Eman , Yosef Ayman , Nofal Hager 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecalcitrant warts represent a frustrating challenge for both patients and physicians. Although many destructive and immunotherapeutic modalities are available for the treatment of warts, an ideal, universally effective approach has not been explored to date. Recently, intralesional antigen immunotherapy has shown promising efficacy in the treatment of warts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intralesional measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine in the treatment of recalcitrant warts.MethodsThe study included 70 adult patients with multiple recalcitrant extragenital warts of different sizes and durations, with or without distant warts. They were directly injected, without a pre‐sensitization skin test, with 0.3 intralesional MMR vaccine into the largest wart at 2‐week intervals until complete clearance or for a maximum of five treatments. Follow‐up was made every month for six months to detect any recurrence.ResultsSixty‐five patients, 35 men and 30 women, completed the study, and five patients discontinued for various reasons. Complete clearance of the lesions was observed in 41 patients (63%), partial response in 15 patients (23%), and no response in nine patients (14%). Complete response was demonstrated in 74.5% of those presenting with distant warts. Side effects were mild and insignificant in the form of pain during injection, itching, erythema, and edema at the site of injection and flu‐like symptoms. Recurrence was detected in two patients only.ConclusionsIntralesional immunotherapy by MMR vaccine is a promising, effective, and safe treatment modality for recalcitrant warts.
Facial myiasis and canthariasis associated with systemic lupus panniculitis: a case report
Authors: Smadi Ra'ed , Amr Zuhair S. , Katbeh‐Bader Ahmad , Obidat Nidal , Tawarah Mohammad , Hasan Hazem 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInfestation of insects can cause myiasis due to dipetran larvae and canthariasis due to coleopteran larval or adult stages.ObjectiveTo report a case of facial myiasis and canthariasis in a patient known to have panniculitis due to systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.MethodLarval and pupal stages of insects were recovered from the face of a patient, mounted, and identified.ResultInitially, the pupal stage of the common green bottle fly Lucilia sericata was extracted from the patient's face, treated, and then came back with secondary infestation caused by two species of beetles, the drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum, and a beetle of the genus Trogoderma.ConclusionThis is the first report on facial canthariasis due to larval stages caused by two species of beetles and recovery of pupal stages of the common green bottle fly.
Effects of hospital‐acquired conditions on length of stay for patients with diabetes
Authors: Cromarty J. , Parikh S. , Lim W. K. , Acharya S. , Jackson T. J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundInpatients with diabetes have longer length of stays (LOS). Understanding patterns of in‐hospital complications between patients with diabetes and others may reveal measures to improve patient welfare and minimise LOS.AimThis study evaluates the rates and types of hospital‐acquired conditions among patients with and without diabetes and assesses any effects on LOS.MethodsA total of 47 615 admission episodes from The Northern Hospital over 12 months was reviewed. Episodes were divided into four groups: (i) patients without diabetes; (ii) patients with diabetes without end‐organ sequelae (EOS); (iii) patients with diabetes with EOS; and (iv) a subset of non‐diabetic patients with a Charlson Co‐morbidity score ≥1 (comparison group). The Classification of Hospital Acquired Diagnoses (CHADx) was applied to the groups to compare rates and types of inpatient complications. Linear regression was used to analyse the impact of the number of CHADx on LOS.ResultsAlmost 30% of admissions of patients with diabetes and EOS had at least one CHADx, compared with 13% for non‐diabetes patients and 17% for the comparison group. The types of CHADx experienced by diabetes patients with EOS were similar to the comparison group. However, rates were 10 times higher. Linear regression demonstrated diabetes patients with EOS have increased LOS and each CHADx per episode has a larger effect on LOS.ConclusionWe demonstrate that diabetes patients have consistently higher rates of CHADx and longer LOS than similar patients with complex and chronic conditions. This provides a foundation for future studies to investigate preventative practices for this high‐risk patient population.
Effects of Contingent Reinforcement of Actions on Infants' Object‐Directed Reaching
Authors: Needham Amy , Joh Amy S. , Wiesen Sarah E. , Williams Nicole 
Published: July 2014

The role of contingency learning was examined in 3‐month‐old infants' reaching movements. Infants in the experimental group experienced 9 min of active training during which they could move their arms in a reach‐like fashion to pull and move a mobile. Infants in the control group experienced 9 min of passive training during which they watched a mobile move. Prior to (pre‐training) and following the mobile experience (post‐training), infants in both conditions were given an opportunity to interact with a rattle placed within and out of their reach. Compared with infants in the control condition, infants in the experimental condition produced reach‐like movements more frequently during the mobile experience; they also showed a greater increase in reaching attempts from pre‐ to post‐training assessments with the rattle. These findings show that reinforcement of arm extensions and retractions increases the frequency of infants' reaching behaviors. This result suggests that the reinforcement of components of infants' behaviors may contribute to the successful assembly of these behaviors. This process could help keep infants engaged during the lengthy transition from prereaching to independent reaching.
Well‐being, health and fitness of children who use wheelchairs: Feasibility study protocol to develop child‐centred ‘keep‐fit’ exercise interventions
Authors: O'Brien Thomas D. , Noyes Jane , Spencer Llinos Haf , Kubis Hans‐Peter , Edwards Rhiannon T. , Bray Nathan , Whitaker Rhiannon 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo undertake the pre‐clinical and modelling phases of the Medical Research Council complex intervention framework to underpin development of child‐centred ‘keep‐fit’, exercise and physical activity interventions for children and young people who use wheelchairs.BackgroundChildren who use wheelchairs face many barriers to participation in physical activity, which compromises fitness, obesity, well‐being and health. ‘Keep‐fit’ programmes that are child‐centred and engaging are urgently required to enhance participation of disabled children and their families as part of a healthy lifestyle. Nurses will likely be important in promoting and monitoring ‘keep‐fit’ intervention(s) when implemented in the community.DesignMixed‐method (including economic analysis) feasibility study to capture child and family preferences and keep‐fit needs and to determine outcome measures for a ‘keep‐fit’ intervention.MethodsThe study comprises three stages. Stage 1 includes a mixed‐method systematic review of effectiveness, cost effectiveness and key stakeholder views and experiences of keep‐fit interventions, followed by qualitative interviews with children, young people and their parents to explore preferences and motivations for physical activity. Stage 2 will identify standardized outcome measures and test their application with children who use wheelchairs to obtain baseline fitness data. Options for an exercise‐based keep‐fit intervention will then be designed based on Stage 1 and 2 findings. In stage 3, we will present intervention options for feedback and further refinement to children and parents/carers in focus groups. (Project funded October 2012).DiscussionAt completion, this study will lead to the design of the intervention and a protocol to test its efficacy.
Pleiotrophin differentially regulates the rewarding and sedative effects of ethanol
Authors: Vicente‐Rodríguez Marta , Pérez‐García Carmen , Ferrer‐Alcón Marcel , Uribarri María , Sánchez‐Alonso María G. , Ramos María P. , Herradón Gonzalo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine with important roles in dopaminergic neurons. We found that an acute ethanol (2.0 g/kg, i.p.) administration causes a significant up‐regulation of PTN mRNA and protein levels in the mouse prefrontal cortex, suggesting that endogenous PTN could modulate behavioural responses to ethanol. To test this hypothesis, we studied the behavioural effects of ethanol in PTN knockout (PTN−/−) mice and in mice with cortex‐ and hippocampus‐specific transgenic PTN over‐expression (PTN‐Tg). Ethanol (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg) induced an enhanced conditioned place preference in PTN−/− compared to wild type mice, suggesting that PTN prevents ethanol rewarding effects. Accordingly, the conditioning effects of ethanol were completely abolished in PTN‐Tg mice. The ataxic effects induced by ethanol (2.0 g/kg) were not affected by the genotype. However, the sedative effects of ethanol (3.6 g/kg) tested in a loss of righting reflex paradigm were significantly reduced in PTN‐Tg mice, suggesting that up‐regulation of PTN levels prevents the sedative effects of ethanol. These results indicate that PTN may be a novel genetic factor of importance in alcohol use disorders, and that potentiation of the PTN signalling pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these disorders.
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Ethanol up‐regulates pleiotrophin (PTN), a cytokine important for dopaminergic neurons, in the prefrontal cortex. Ethanol rewarding effects are abolished in mice over‐expressing PTN and enhanced in PTN−/− mice. The results suggest that up‐regulation of PTN in the prefrontal cortex after ethanol administration serves to modulate ethanol effects in the reward system and other ethanol‐induced pharmacological effects including sedation.