bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequent occurrence of parvovirus B19 DNAemia in the first year after kidney transplantation
Authors: Porignaux Roseline , Vuiblet Vincent , Barbe Coralie , Nguyen Yohan , Lavaud Sylvie , Toupance Olivier , Andréoletti Laurent , Rieu Philippe , Lévêque Nicolas 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDescribed for the first time in 1986, Parvovirus B19 (B19V) infection in kidney transplant recipients remains little‐known and probably underestimated. The aims of this study were to establish B19V infection frequency during the first year after kidney transplant and to determine predisposing factors and manifestations of the infection in renal transplant recipients. Sixty consecutive adult patients, transplanted less than a year before, were included in this study. B19V and other opportunistic viral infections were detected retrospectively in plasma samples collected every 15 days during the first 3 months and every month from 3 months to 1 year following the kidney transplant. Demographic characteristics, immunosuppressive treatment and biological findings were recorded on each sampling date. Six patients (10%) presented B19V viremia, while eight CMV (13.3%), seven EBV (11.7%), five HHV‐6 (8.3%), five BKV (8.3%), and two adenovirus (3.3%) infections were detected. The mean value of B19V viral load was 149 UI/ml. B19V infections were either reactivation or reinfection due to genotype two in five cases, while one case of primary infection with genotype 1 was observed. Neither risk factors nor biological consequences of B19V infection have been identified. These results rank B19V third among opportunistic viral infections occurring during the first year after a kidney transplant. With regard to this high incidence, and even if the risk factors and biological consequences of the infection should be assessed in larger studies, the question of systematic screening and follow‐up of B19V infection in kidney transplant recipients is relevant. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1115–1121, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring of KI and WU polyomaviruses in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Porrovecchio Rosa , Babakir‐Mina Muhammed , Rapanotti Maria Cristina , Arcese William , Perno Carlo Federico , Ciotti Marco 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrimary infection with KIPyV and WUPyV polyomaviruses occurs early in childhood followed by lifelong persistence in the body. Polyomavirus reactivation can occur in the presence of impaired immunity as in hematological malignancies or during immunosuppresssion induced by medications. In this study, reactivation of KIPyV and WUPyV was monitored by conventional PCR in plasma samples of 26 stem cell transplant patients and in 26 related bone marrow donors. Plasma samples from transplant patients were collected immediately after the end of conditioning regimen and up to 270 days after transplant. All plasma samples from transplant patients were negative for KIPyV and WUPyV DNA. Instead, KIPyV DNA was detected in two bone marrow donors. There was no evidence of KIPyV transmission from the donor to the recipient. The data suggest that detection of KIPyV in plasma is sporadic and that KPIyV and WUPyV do not affect the post‐transplant clinical course. However, further studies on a larger sample size and more sensitive PCR methods are needed to confirm these observations. J. Med. Virol. 85: 1122–1124, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of the Trifunctional Cyclic Initiator, DEKTP, as the Radical Initiator in the Modification of Poly(propylene) in the Presence of Different Branching/Crosslinking Co‐Agents
Authors: García L. , Morales G. , Avalos B F. , Acuña P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHomopolypropylene was modified in the molten state using a new cyclic multifunctional peroxide as the initiator, the Diethyl Ketone Triperoxide (DEKTP), in the presence of different branching/crosslinking co‐agents: Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (TM), Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate Propoxylate (TMPP), Pentaerythritol Tetraacrylate (PETA) and N′N′‐1,3‐Phenylene Dimaleimida (FDM). Experiments were carried out in an internal mixer at 180 °C, using two different concentrations of co‐agent/initiator; [0.250/0.025] and [0.50/0.05], molar rate = [co‐agent]/[initiator] constant equal to 10. The modified PP′s were evaluated by GPC, FTIR, DSC, WAXD, and MOP. Torque and MFI were also evaluated. The results showed the presence of branches in the backbone of PP when it was modified with TM and PETA.
Aromatic Polyamides Density from Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Santiago García José Luis , Bastarrachea María Isabel Loría , de Jesús Aguilar Vega Manuel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations have been performed on seven aromatic polyamides to understand the structure‐property relationships on their densities. The aromatic polyamides studied in this work are based on poly(hexafluoroisopropylidene) isophthalamide, HFAISO. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the side groups attached to the diacid monomer on the density of the aromatic polyamides. Densities were obtained via NVT and NPT molecular dynamics simulation using the COMPASS forcefield. Reliability and accuracy of the simulations were compared with the experimental density data from HFAISO and HFATERT aromatic polyamides, which are in good agreement.
Cyclometalated Ruthenium(II) Complex as a Versatile Catalyst for Living/Controlled Radical Polymerization of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Monomers
Authors: Alfredo Nelson Vargas , Aguilar‐Lugo Carla , Gonzalez Ortencia Diaz , Le Lagadec Ronan , Alexandrova Larissa 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCyclometalated complex, cis‐[Ru(phpy)(phen)(MeCN)2]PF6, bearing strongly bound ligands (phpy = 2‐phenylpyridine, phen = 1, 10‐ phenantroline) and relatively labile (MeCN) ligands, in conjunction with ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB), was used for radical polymerization of three hydrophobic, styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), n‐butyl acrylate (BA), and one hydrophilic, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), monomers. The polymerizations were fast and reasonably controlled; the molecular weights increased with conversion and were close to the calculated values. The best control was achieved in polymerization of St. The complex was able to mediate this polymerization with acceptable rate and level of control even at a monomer/catalyst ratio of 2000. The living character of the polymerizations was confirmed by chain extension experiments; the degree of polymer “livingness” was less for PMMA than for PSt. Because of ionic nature, the complex was well soluble in MeOH and thus catalyzed polymerization of HEMA under homogeneous conditions at 50 °C.
Anionic Synthesis of α‐Functionalized Polymers by Combination of 1,1‐Diphenylethylene and Hydrosilation Chemistry
Authors: Quirk Roderic P. , Sahoo Sujata 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA new general anionic functionalization method (GFM) for preparing α‐chain‐end functionalized polymers utilizes the initiator formed from sec‐butyllithium and dimethyl[4‐(1‐phenylvinyl)‐phenyl]silane (DPESiH) followed by hydrosilation with substituted alkenes. α‐(4‐dimethylsilyl hydride)phenyl‐functionalized polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) were synthesized in quantitative yield by living anionic polymerization. These α‐silyl hydride‐functionalized polymers were further functionalized by reaction with tridecafluorooctene in the present of Karstedt's hydrosilation catalyst. These tridecafluorooctane‐functionalized polymers were characterized by SEC, FTIR, 1H‐, 13C‐ and 19F‐NMR spectroscopy.
Nanoscale versus Microscale Gelation for Crosslinked Polyurethanes
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Zhang Wei , Wynne Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn analyzing morphology of modified surfaces it is important to distinguish between features attributable to the matrix and those for the modifier. This study focused on an examination of the surface morphology of closely related linear and network polyurethanes intended for use as bulk coating constituents. A process dependent morphology is found for the crosslinked polyurethane matrix. Microscale gelation was found when reagents were added simultaneously, while nanoscale gelation occurs when the cross‐linker is added last. Furthermore, the coating formed by sequential addition had 50% less extractables. Future work on modified networks will focus on the matrix with nanoscale gelation as it presents a “cleaner” canvas for surface modification.
A novel nonsense mutation in keratin 10 causes a familial case of recessive epidermolytic ichthyosis
Authors: Gutierrez Jeydith A. , Hannoush Zeina C. , Vargas Luis G. , Momany Allison , Garcia Carmen C. , Murray Jeffrey C. , Dunnwald Martine 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEpidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a rare skin disorder characterized by generalized erythroderma and cutaneous blistering at birth, which is substituted by hyperkeratosis later in life. It is caused by autosomal dominant mutations in highly conserved regions of KRT1 and KRT10. To date, only four mutations with autosomal recessive inheritance of EI have been described in consanguineous families. All of them affect the 2B domain of KRT10. In the present study, we describe four patients with EI (including one lethal case) born from unaffected parents in a consanguineous family of a native Venezuelan community. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical, genetic, and morphological aspects of the disease in this family, as well as understand its functional implications. Genomic DNA was sequenced for KRT10 and KRT1. Immunofluoresence for keratin expression was performed on cutaneous biopsies. After examination of cutaneous biopsies histology, our results showed hyperkeratosis and acantholysis with an expanded granular layer. Sequencing of KRT10 demonstrated a nonsense mutation (p.Tyr282Ter.) corresponding to the 1B domain of the protein in patients and a heterozygous pattern in other family members, resulting in complete absence of K10. The loss of K10 was compensated by upregulation of K14 and K17. In conclusion, this novel mutation in KRT10 is the first recessive genetic variation that is not located in the so called “hot spot” for recessive EI, suggesting that other areas of the gene are also susceptible for such mutations.
Clinical Adjusted Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Ziolkowska Maria , Carsten Carsten M. , Mueller Ute , Urban Peter , Berlien H.‐Peter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLasers are currently used in diagnostics, for example in metabolic monitoring (fluorescence diagnosis, laser Doppler) and optical imaging (laser scanning microscopy, optical coherence tomography, infrared diaphanoscopy). One main research focus remains therapeutic applications — on one hand using lasers as a surgical instrument, on the other as a central, independent therapy method. Historically, the traditional indication for photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been malignant tumors, but experience of photodynamic therapy in this field and understanding of the biochemical metabolic processes involved, has expanded the use of this therapeutic principle to benign diseases. But even as developments in surgical applications (for example, the development of “laser scalpels”) are recorded in the last few years advancements have also been made in other areas, such as virtual endoscopy in MRI.
Acceleration Profile of a Flat Flyer Driven by Detonation Isentrope
Authors: Lim Seokbin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn the design of explosive devices, understanding of the behavior of explosively propelled matter is one of the important steps to optimize the performance of the device. In a typical flat, metallic flyer and explosives charge system, the flyer reaches its maximum velocity after a certain degree of expansion of the detonation gas. During this expansion, the flyer is deformed in an arced‐shape by the incoming rarefaction from nearby surfaces. In this work, an acceleration/deformation profile of an explosively propelled flat, metallic plate was studied based on the isentropic expansion of detonation gas and subsequent rarefaction intrusion to the center of the flyer. In order to properly describe the arced deformation of the flyer, a rather simplified new term of the pressure release ratio behind the flyer η is introduced based on the expansion of the detonation isentrope behind the flyer. A theoretical model was built to predict the behavior of an explosively driven flyer and the rarefaction intrusion into the center of the explosives charge. The results are compared to a hydrocode simulation and exhibit favorable agreement in a limited application.
Predictive 3D modelling of the interactions of pyrethroids with the voltage‐gated sodium channels of ticks and mites
Authors: O'Reilly Andrias O , Williamson Martin S , González‐Cabrera Joel , Turberg Andreas , Field Linda M , Wallace B A , Davies T G Emyr 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pyrethroid insecticides are a very successful group of compounds that target invertebrate voltage‐gated sodium channels and are widely used in the control of insects, ticks and mites. It is well established that some pyrethroids are good insecticides whereas others are more effective as acaricides. This species specificity is advantageous for controlling particular pest(s) in the presence of another non‐target invertebrate, for example controlling the Varroa mite in honeybee colonies.RESULTSWe applied in silico techniques to compare the voltage‐gated sodium channels of insects versus ticks and mites and their interactions with a range of pyrethroids and DDT analogues. We identified a single amino acid difference within the pyrethroid binding pocket of ticks/mites that may have significant impact on the effectiveness of pyrethroids as acaricides. Other individual amino acid differences within the binding pocket in distinct tick and mite species may provide a basis for future acaricidal selectivity.CONCLUSIONSThree–dimensional modelling of the pyrethroid/DDT receptor site has led to a new hypothesis to explain the preferential binding of acaricidal pyrethroids to the sodium channels of ticks/mites. This is important for understanding pyrethroid selectivity and the potential effects of mutations that can give rise to resistance to pyrethroids in commercially‐important pest species. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi towards quinone‐outside‐inhibitors and demethylation‐inhibitors, and corresponding resistance mechanisms
Authors: Schmitz Helena K , Medeiros Carlos‐Antonio , Craig Ian R , Stammler Gerd 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDSince the invasion of Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Syd. & P. Syd.) in Brazil, there have been detrimental yield losses of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Disease management is mainly based on fungicide treatment. The sensitivity of single P. pachyhrizi isolates towards different demethylation‐inhibitors (DMIs) and quinone‐outside‐inhibitors (QoI) was surveyed and the corresponding resistance mechanisms were analysed.RESULTSThe QoI‐response remained stable, while a loss of sensitivity towards DMIs occurred. Molecular analyses of cytochrome b showed an intron after codon 143 which is reported to prevent the development of a G143A mutation. Analysis of cyp51 revealed that point mutations and overexpression are involved in the sensitivity reduction towards DMIs. Of the detected mutations, Y131F and Y131H, respectively, and K142R are likely homologous to mutations found in other pathogens. As suggested by modelling studies, these three mutations as well as additional mutations F120L, I145F and I475T correlate to increased effective doses of 50%, ED50‐values, towards all tested DMIs. Furthermore, a constitutive up‐regulation of the cyp51‐gene up to ten‐fold was noticed in some of the DMI‐adapted isolates, while all sensitive isolates responded as the wild type.CONCLUSIONThe G143A mutation is thought to result in significant as well as stable resistance factors towards QoIs, while other mutations play only a minor role. Since G143A development is prevented in Phakopsora pachyhrizi, a stable control of soybean rust with QoIs in future is rather likely. In contrast, a shifting in sensitivity towards DMIs has been observed, which is due to multiple independent mechanisms. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Interface structural stability of Zr on the AIN(0001) surface: An ab‐initio study
Authors: Escorcia‐Salas Gene E. , Rivera‐Julio Jagger , López‐Pérez William , González‐Hernández Rafael , Sierra‐Ortega José 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAb‐initio density functional theory calculations are carried out to investigate the role of zirconium (Zr) impurity atoms during AlN(0001) surface growth. Adsorption and diffusion of Zr atoms on AlN(0001)‐2 × 2 surface is examined and it is shown that Zr atoms preferentially adsorb at the T4 sites at low and high coverage (from 1/4 up to 1 monolayer). We found that the Zr adatom diffusion energy barrier between the T4 and H3 sites is around ∼0.4 eV, which is an indication of a significant Zr adatom diffusion on this surface. In addition, calculating the relative surface energy of several configurations and various Zr concentrations, we constructed a phase diagram showing the energetically most stable surfaces as a function of the Zr and Al chemical potentials. Based on these results, we find that incorporation of Zr adatoms in the Al‐substitutional site is energetically more favorable compared with the adsorption on the top layers. This effect leads to the formation of a non‐reactive interfacial ZrN(111) layer on the AlN(0001) surface, which can offer a good interfacial combination between AlN substrate and other metal contacts, i.e. zirconium.
Monitoring phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors using liquid chromatography/(tandem) mass spectrometry in sports drug testing
Authors: Thevis Mario , Krug Oliver , Schänzer Wilhelm 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEThe recent discovery of resveratrol's capability to inhibit cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and, as a consequence, to enhance particularly the activity of Sirt1 in animal models has reinforced the interest of preventive doping research organizations, especially in PDE4 inhibitors. Among these, the archetypical PDE4‐inhibitor rolipram significantly increased the number of mitochondria in laboratory rodents, which further demonstrated a performance increase in a treadmill‐test (time‐to‐exhaustion) of approximately 40%. Besides rolipram, a variety of new PDE4‐inhibiting substances including cilomilast, roflumilast, and numerous additional new drug entities were described, with roflumilast being the first‐in‐class having received clinical approval for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to the availability of these substances, and the fact that a misuse of such compounds in sport cannot be excluded, it deems relevant to probe for the prevalence of these compounds in sports drug testing programs.METHODSKnown urinary phase‐I metabolites of rolipram, roflumilast, and cilomilast were generated by in vitro incubations employing human liver microsomal preparations. The metabolites obtained were studied by liquid chromatography with high‐resolution/high‐accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and the reference product ion mass spectra of established and most relevant metabolites were utilized to provide the information necessary for comprehensive doping controls. The analytical procedure was based on conventional routine doping control assays employing enzymatic hydrolysis followed by liquid–liquid extraction and subsequent LC/MS/MS measurement.RESULTSStructures of diagnostic product ions and dissociation pathways of target analytes were elucidated, providing the information required for implementation into an existing test method for routine sports drug testing. The established method allowed for detection limits for the intact drugs of 1–5 ng/mL, and further assay characteristics (intraday precision 1.5–13.7%, interday precision 7.3–18.6%, recovery 20–100%, ion suppression/enhancement, and specificity) were determined. In addition, proof‐of‐concept analyses concerning roflumilast were conducted with a urine sample obtained from a COPD patient under roflumilast treatment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensitive low‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge ion source
Authors: Sugiyama Masuyuki , Kumano Shun , Nishimura Kazushige , Hasegawa Hideki , Hashimoto Yuichiro 
Published: April 2013

RATIONALEWe developed a novel highly sensitive soft ionization method: a low‐pressure dielectric barrier discharge ionization (LP‐DBDI) source. In this configuration, samples pass through the inside of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Since samples pass through a DBD and its plasma jet, high ionization efficiency is expected. Furthermore, high transmission efficiency from the ion source to the mass spectrometer is also expected since the ion source is placed in a vacuum.METHODSMass spectrometric detection was carried out in positive ion mode using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The LP‐DBDI source or a conventional atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) source was attached to the mass spectrometer. Samples were vaporized and sent to ion sources with air flowing at a constant flow rate of 1.5 L/min. The LP‐DBDI source was compared with a conventional APCI source.RESULTSMass spectra of methyl salicylate, 2‐undecanone and methamphetamine were acquired using the LP‐DBDI source. Protonated molecules were mainly observed in the mass spectra. The sensitivities for methyl salicylate and 2‐undecanone obtained using the LP‐DBDI source were 44 times and 39 times higher, respectively, than those obtained using an APCI source.CONCLUSIONSLP‐DBDI is a soft ionization method characterized by only minor fragmentation, similar to APCI. The sensitivity of the LP‐DBDI source was found to be about 40 times higher than that of the conventional APCI source. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using Drawings of the Brain Cell to Exhibit Expertise in Neuroscience: Exploring the Boundaries of Experimental Culture
Authors: HAY DAVID B. , WILLIAMS DARREN , STAHL DANIEL , WINGATE RICHARD J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the research perspective of neuroscience by documenting the brain cell (neuron) drawings of undergraduates, trainee scientists, and leading neuroscience researchers in a single research‐intensive university. Qualitative analysis, drawing‐sorting exercises, and hierarchical cluster analysis are used to answer two related questions: Are there categorical differences in drawings of participants; and if differences exist, can they be objectively recognized as measures of research experience? The analysis strongly suggests that (1) a willingness/ability to hybridize extant brain cell knowledge with imaginative conjecture grounded by experience of experimental plausibility gives rise to drawings that are recognized as being “expert signatures” by all classes of participants; (2) the drawings of PhD students and postdoctoral researchers’ are influenced by a more mechanical observation style where faithfulness to actual observation work is prioritized; and (3) while a subset of undergraduates recognize the images of “experts,” their own drawings are invariably textbook reproductions. Nevertheless, teaching interventions designed to engender a research perspective free‐up undergraduates’ creative drawing potential so that sometimes their postintervention drawings are indistinguishable from those of principal investigators. We explore the teaching implications of our data, emphasizing the distinctive role of the principal investigator who is able to index an otherwise invisible process of experimental knowledge making. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 97:468–491, 2013