bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arabinoxylan activates Dectin‐1 and modulates particulate β‐glucan‐induced Dectin‐1 activation
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Neha M. , Schols Henk A. , Faas Marijke M. , de Vos Paul 
Published: September 2015

ScopeArabinoxylan is one of the most commonly consumed dietary fiber. Immunomodulation by arabinoxylan is documented but the mechanisms by which these immune‐effects are accomplished are unknown.Methods and resultsBy applying reporter cell lines for Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and Dectin‐1, we demonstrated that arabinoxylan interacts with Dectin‐1 receptors and not with TLRs. Arabinoxylan activates Dectin‐1 to a similar magnitude as soluble β‐glucans. Soluble β‐glucans are known to inhibit the particulate β‐glucan‐induced activation of Dectin‐1. As arabinoxylan is also soluble, the inhibiting capacity of arabinoxylan on particulate β‐glucan‐activated Dectin‐1 cell lines was studied. It was found that this inhibition was similar to that of soluble β‐glucan and was caused predominantly by inhibition of the Dectin‐1A transcript variant. The Dectin‐1 inhibitory function of arabinoxylan was further confirmed in human dendritic cells that demonstrated reduced production of IL‐10 and TNF‐α. The production of the antifungal cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐23 were increased in dendritic cells stimulated with arabinoxylan and particulate β‐glucan. In contrast to soluble β‐glucan, arabinoxylan did not enhance production of IL‐10, TNF‐α, and IL‐23.ConclusionArabinoxylan activates Dectin‐1 and supports antifungal immune responses in human dendritic cells. The mode of action of arabinoxylan is similar but not identical to that of soluble β‐glucans.
Urological disturbance and its neuroanatomical correlate in patients with chronic brainstem stroke
Authors: Lee Hye‐Sun , Choi Jeong Gue , Shin Joon‐Ho 
Published: September 2015

AimsFew studies have depicted urological disturbances among patients with chronic brainstem stroke, and little is known about the exact location of the micturition center or its role in humans. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively investigate urological disturbances and their neuroanatomical correlates among consecutively admitted patients with chronic brainstem stroke.MethodsUrodynamic studies, brain images, and urological symptoms questionnaires were reviewed from consecutive patients suffering from brainstem stroke, who had been admitted to a stroke unit at a rehabilitation hospital between June 1, 2013 and January 31, 2015. For further comparison, consecutive data from urodynamic studies of patients with upper cervical spinal cord injury (admitted to a hospital between January 1, 2008 and January 31, 2015) were reviewed.ResultsPatients with chronic pontine stroke manifested more frequent detrusor underactivity, lower maximal detrusor pressure, and higher compliance than patients with upper cervical spinal cord injury. The most frequently involved lesions associated with detrusor underactivity were located around the central portion of the bilateral pons along the entire sagittal level. Urinary incontinence and symptoms associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction were reported in 10% and 95% of patients with brainstem stroke, respectively. No difference was found between genders or stroke subtypes in patients with brainstem stroke.ConclusionsThe present study identified a relationship between chronic pontine stroke and detrusor underactivity. Thus, detrusor underactivity might be associated with lesions localized to central portions of the bilateral pons. The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms was also revealed to be high among patients with chronic brainstem stroke. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:136–141, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of remote sensing to characterise hydromorphological properties of European rivers
Authors: Bizzi S. , Demarchi L. , Grabowski R. C. , Weissteiner C. J. , Van de Bund W. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Remote sensing (RS) technology offers unparalleled opportunities to explore river systems using RADAR, multispectral, hyper spectral, and LiDAR data. The accuracy reached by these technologies recently has started to satisfy the spatial and spectral resolutions required to properly analyse the hydromorphological character of river systems at multiple scales. Using the River Hierarchical Framework (RHF) as a reference we describe the state-of-the-art RS technologies that can be implemented to quantify hydromorphological characteristics at each of the spatial scales incorporated in the RHF (i.e. catchment, landscape unit, river segment, river reach, sub-reach—geomorphic and hydraulic units). We also report the results of a survey on RS data availability in EU member states that shows the current potential to derive RHF hydromorphological indicators from high-resolution multispectral images and topographic LiDAR at the national scale across Europe. This paper shows that many of the assessment indicators proposed by the RHF can be derived by different RS sources and existing methodologies, and that EU countries have sufficient RS data at present to already begin their incorporation into hydromorphological assessment and monitoring, as mandated by WFD. With cooperation and planning, RS data can form a fundamental component of hydromorphological assessment and monitoring in the future to help support the effective and sustainable management of rivers, and this would be done most effectively through the establishment of multi-purpose RS acquisition campaigns and the development of shared and standardized hydromorphological RS databases updated regularly through planned resurveyed campaigns.
Evidence for different drivers behind long‐term decline and depression of density in cyclic voles
Authors: Magnusson Magnus , Hörnfeldt Birger , Ecke Frauke 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDecline and long‐term depression of mean densities of the grey‐sided vole (Myodes rufocanus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis) have occurred in managed forest landscapes of Sweden since the 1970s. Generally poor over‐winter survival during a period with mild winters suggested a common climatic driver, but other explanations exist. Here we explore the response of the grey‐sided vole, preferring forested habitats, and the field vole, preferring open habitats, to clear‐cutting of old forest in Sweden. The cumulated impact from long‐term clear‐cutting explained local disappearances of the grey‐sided vole. Maintained connectivity of old forest to stone fields was important for local population survival, since no such populations disappeared. For the grey‐sided vole, it is probable that climate is not the dominating driver due to different timing of the decline in our study area. Instead, habitat loss is concluded as being a potential cause of the decline in mean density and depression of grey‐sided vole densities. The long‐lasting depression of field vole densities, despite favourable landscape changes, suggests action of another strong driver. A recent field vole recovery, essentially back to pre‐decline densities and distribution, coincided with favourable winter/snow conditions, suggesting a climatic driver in this case.
Team Roles and Hierarchic System in Group Discussion
Authors: Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Conventional systems for classifying team roles refer only to the function criterion and two categories, task and social; in addition, roles and behaviors are unspecialized, a one-to-one correspondence being assumed between them. These theoretical problems have resulted in overly fragmented roles as well as oversimplified categories. Therefore, this article aims to reveal essential roles and a unified system to classify them. In order to elucidate the team roles essential for discussion, a questionnaire survey was administered for Study 1, with the result that just ten discussant-roles were identified. For Study 2, in order to verify a classification system for the discussant-roles, participant groups were asked to discuss itineraries for an overnight group trip during the winter holiday. The results showed that a three-criterion model based on the deep roles is superior to the traditional model. In this hierarchical system, characteristic behaviors are expressed according to ten discussant-roles, which are divided into six categories, using a combination of three criteria. This system not only solves the theoretical issues but also contributes to improving members’ discussion behaviors.
Revisiting the 4-Parameter Item Response Model: Bayesian Estimation and Application
Authors: Culpepper Steven Andrew 
Published: September 2015

There has been renewed interest in Barton and Lord’s (An upper asymptote for the three-parameter logistic item response model (Tech. Rep. No. 80-20). Educational Testing Service, 1981) four-parameter item response model. This paper presents a Bayesian formulation that extends Béguin and Glas (MCMC estimation and some model fit analysis of multidimensional IRT models. Psychometrika, 66 (4):541–561, 2001) and proposes a model for the four-parameter normal ogive (4PNO) model. Monte Carlo evidence is presented concerning the accuracy of parameter recovery. The simulation results support the use of less informative uniform priors for the lower and upper asymptotes, which is an advantage to prior research. Monte Carlo results provide some support for using the deviance information criterion and χ2\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\chi ^{2}$$\end{document} index to choose among models with two, three, and four parameters. The 4PNO is applied to 7491 adolescents’ responses to a bullying scale collected under the 2005–2006 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study. The results support the value of the 4PNO to estimate lower and upper asymptotes in large-scale surveys.
Preliminary Investigation of Ba-rich Sanidine in Phonolites of Badmer, Rajasthan
Authors: Viladkar Shrinivas G. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract:
In melaphonolite of the Sarnu-Dandali, Badmer alkaline complex, high Ba- K-feldspar (sanidine) occurs as phenocrysts. Ba concentration ranges between 2% and 10% by weigth from core to rim. Many BSE images of this Ba-rich sanidine were examined. Large numbers of zoned Ba-rich sanidine phenocrysts were analysed using electron microprobe. BaO shows positive correlation with Al2O3 while there is negative correlation between BaO and K2O suggesting substitution of K by Ba. Petrographic evidence is clear that K-feldspar phenocrysts reacted with the melt which was getting richer in Ba during fractionation of melanephelinite to melaphonolite and subsequently this Ba deposited on the rims of K-feldspar. This short note reports results of preliminary investigation of number of Ba-rich sanidine grains from melaphonolite of Badmer and suggests incompatible behaviour Ba and that it was getting enriched in the melt during crystallization of magma.
Study of Radium and Radon Exhalation Rate in Soil Samples from Areas of Northern Rajasthan
Authors: Duggal Vikas , Mehra Rohit , Rani Asha 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The health hazards of the radioactive gas radon on the humans are well known. Radon from soil gas is the main cause of radon problems. The “can technique” using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors have been used for the measurement of radon exhalation rate in soil samples from areas of northern Rajasthan, India. The radon exhalation values were calculated in terms of mass (EM) and area (EA). The mass exhalation rate in these samples vary from 8.27 to 23.19 mBq kg-1 h-1 with an average of 14.96 mBq kg-1 h-1, whereas, surface exhalation rate vary from 273.80 to 768.04 mBq m-2 h-1 with an average of 495.32 mBq m-2 h-1. The radium concentration ranges from 6.88 to 19.31 Bq kg-1 with an average value of 12.45 Bq kg-1. The observed values of effective radium concentration in all the soil samples are less than the permissible value of 370 Bq kg-1 as recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Hence, the result shows that this area is safe as for as the health hazard effects of radium and radon exhalation rate are concerned.
Tip-vortex instability and turbulent mixing in wind-turbine wakes
Authors: Lignarolo L. E. M. , Ragni D. , Scarano F. , Simão Ferreira C. J. , van Bussel G. J. W. 
Published: September 2015

Kinetic-energy transport and turbulence production within the shear layer of a horizontal-axis wind-turbine wake are investigated with respect to their influence on the tip-vortex pairwise instability, the so-called leapfrogging instability. The study quantifies the effect of near-wake instability and tip-vortex breakdown on the process of mean-flow kinetic-energy transport within the far wake of the wind turbine, in turn affecting the wake re-energising process. Experiments are conducted in an open-jet wind tunnel with a wind-turbine model of 60 cm diameter at a diameter-based Reynolds number range$\mathit{Re}_{D}=150\,000{-}230\,000$. The velocity fields in meridian planes encompassing a large portion of the wake past the rotor are measured both in the unconditioned and the phase-locked mode by means of stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The detailed topology and development of the tip-vortex interactions are discussed prior to a statistical analysis based on the triple decomposition of the turbulent flow fields. The study emphasises the role of the pairing instability as a precursor to the onset of three-dimensional vortex distortion and breakdown, leading to increased turbulent mixing and kinetic-energy transport across the shear layer. Quadrant analysis further elucidates the role of sweep and ejection events within the two identified mixing regimes. Prior to the onset of the instability, vortices shed from the blade appear to inhibit turbulent mixing of the expanding wake. The second region is dominated by the leapfrogging instability, with a sudden increase of the net entrainment of kinetic energy. Downstream of the latter, random turbulent motion characterises the flow, with a significant increase of turbulent kinetic-energy production. In this scenario, the leapfrogging mechanism is recognised as the triggering event that accelerates the onset of efficient turbulent mixing followed by the beginning of the wake re-energising process.
Working memory, executive function and impulsivity in Internet-addictive disorders: a comparison with pathological gambling
Authors: Zhou Zhenhe , Zhou Hongliang , Zhu Hongmei 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to test whether individuals with Internet addiction disorder (IAD) presented analogous characteristics of working memory, executive function and impulsivity compared with pathological gambling (PG) patients.MethodsThe subjects included 23 individuals with IAD, 23 PG patients and 23 controls. All of the participants were measured with the digit span task, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, go/no-go task and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) under the same experimental conditions.ResultsThe results of this study showed that the false alarm rate, total response errors, perseverative errors, failure to maintain set and BIS-11 scores of both the IAD and PG groups were significantly higher than that of the control group. In addition, the forward scores and backwards scores, percentage of conceptual level responses, number of categories completed and hit rate of the IAD and PG groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. Furthermore, the false alarm rate and BIS-11 scores of the IAD group were significantly higher than those of PG patients, and the hit rate was significantly lower than that of the PG patients.ConclusionsIndividuals with IAD and PG patients present deficiencies in working memory, executive dysfunction and impulsivity, and individuals with IAD are more impulsive than PG patients.
DIDS (4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) directly inhibits caspase activity in HeLa cell lysates
Authors: Benítez-Rangel E , López-Méndez MC , García L , Guerrero-Hernández A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractApoptosis is an important mechanism of cell demise in multicellular organisms and Cl− transport has an important role in the progression of the apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). DIDS (4,4'-Diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate) is one of the most commonly used Cl− transport inhibitors that eliminates or reduces different apoptotic hallmarks such as AVD, caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. DIDS is also a protein crosslinker that alkylates either amino or thiol groups. Since caspases are thiol proteases, our aim was to study whether DIDS could directly inhibit the activity of these proteases. Here, we show that caspase activity induced by 4 h incubation with staurosporine was inhibited by DIDS in HeLa cells that were maintained in the absence of serum for 24 h. Interestingly, the caspase-inhibitory effect of DIDS is downstream to the inhibition of cytochrome c release, suggesting that DIDS might be also acting at the apoptosome. Moreover, DIDS was able to inhibit capase-3, -9, and -8 activities in cell lysates, implying that DIDS can react with and directly block caspases. Our data suggest that antiapoptotic activity of DIDS involves not only inhibition of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) at the mitochondria and Cl− channels at the plasma membrane, but also a third mechanism based on the direct inhibition of caspases.
Catalytic site inhibition of insulin-degrading enzyme by a small molecule induces glucose intolerance in mice
Authors: Deprez-Poulain Rebecca , Hennuyer Nathalie , Bosc Damien , Liang Wenguang G. , Enée Emmanuelle , Marechal Xavier , Charton Julie , Totobenazara Jane , Berte Gonzague , Jahklal Jouda , Verdelet Tristan , Dumont Julie , Dassonneville Sandrine , Woitrain Eloise , Gauriot Marion , Paquet Charlotte , Duplan Isabelle , Hermant Paul , Cantrelle François- Xavier , Sevin Emmanuel , Culot Maxime , Landry Valerie , Herledan Adrien , Piveteau Catherine , Lippens Guy , Leroux Florence , Tang Wei-Jen , van Endert Peter , Staels Bart , Deprez Benoit 
Published: September 2015

AbstractInsulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a protease that cleaves insulin and other bioactive peptides such as amyloid-β. Knockout and genetic studies have linked IDE to Alzheimer’s disease and type-2 diabetes. As the major insulin-degrading protease, IDE is a candidate drug target in diabetes. Here we have used kinetic target-guided synthesis to design the first catalytic site inhibitor of IDE suitable for in vivo studies (BDM44768). Crystallographic and small angle X-ray scattering analyses show that it locks IDE in a closed conformation. Among a panel of metalloproteases, BDM44768 selectively inhibits IDE. Acute treatment of mice with BDM44768 increases insulin signalling and surprisingly impairs glucose tolerance in an IDE-dependent manner. These results confirm that IDE is involved in pathways that modulate short-term glucose homeostasis, but casts doubt on the general usefulness of the inhibition of IDE catalytic activity to treat diabetes.
SETD1A modulates cell cycle progression through a miRNA network that regulates p53 target genes
Authors: Tajima Ken , Yae Toshifumi , Javaid Sarah , Tam Oliver , Comaills Valentine , Morris Robert , Wittner Ben S. , Liu Mingzhu , Engstrom Amanda , Takahashi Fumiyuki , Black Joshua C. , Ramaswamy Sridhar , Shioda Toshihiro , Hammell Molly , Haber Daniel A. , Whetstine Johnathan R. , Maheswaran Shyamala 
Published: September 2015

AbstractExpression of the p53-inducible antiproliferative gene BTG2 is suppressed in many cancers in the absence of inactivating gene mutations, suggesting alternative mechanisms of silencing. Using a shRNA screen targeting 43 histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs), we show that SETD1A suppresses BTG2 expression through its induction of several BTG2-targeting miRNAs. This indirect but highly specific mechanism, by which a chromatin regulator that mediates transcriptional activating marks can lead to the downregulation of a critical effector gene, is shared with multiple genes in the p53 pathway. Through such miRNA-dependent effects, SETD1A regulates cell cycle progression in vitro and modulates tumorigenesis in mouse xenograft models. Together, these observations help explain the remarkably specific genetic consequences associated with alterations in generic chromatin modulators in cancer.
Multiply periodic states and isolated skyrmions in an anisotropic frustrated magnet
Authors: Leonov A. O. , Mostovoy M. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMultiply periodic states appear in a wide variety of physical contexts, such as the Rayleigh–Bénard convection, Faraday waves, liquid crystals and skyrmion crystals recently observed in chiral magnets. Here we study the phase diagram of an anisotropic frustrated magnet which contains five different multiply periodic states including the skyrmion crystal. We clarify the mechanism for stabilization of these states and discuss how they can be observed in magnetic resonance and electric polarization measurements. We also find stable isolated skyrmions with topological charge 1 and 2. Their spin structure, interactions and dynamics are more complex than those in chiral magnets. In particular, magnetic resonance in the skyrmion crystal should be accompanied by oscillations of the electric polarization with a frequency depending on the amplitude of the a.c. magnetic field. These results show that skyrmion materials with rich physical properties can be found among frustrated magnets. We formulate rules to help the search.
Direct view on the phase evolution in individual LiFePO4 nanoparticles during Li-ion battery cycling
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , van Hulzen Martijn , Singh Deepak P. , Brownrigg Alex , Wright Jonathan P. , van Dijk Niels H. , Wagemaker Marnix 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPhase transitions in Li-ion electrode materials during (dis)charge are decisive for battery performance, limiting high-rate capabilities and playing a crucial role in the cycle life of Li-ion batteries. However, the difficulty to probe the phase nucleation and growth in individual grains is hindering fundamental understanding and progress. Here we use synchrotron microbeam diffraction to disclose the cycling rate-dependent phase transition mechanism within individual particles of LiFePO4, a key Li-ion electrode material. At low (dis)charge rates well-defined nanometer thin plate-shaped domains co-exist and transform much slower and concurrent as compared with the commonly assumed mosaic transformation mechanism. As the (dis)charge rate increases phase boundaries become diffuse speeding up the transformation rates of individual grains. Direct observation of the transformation of individual grains reveals that local current densities significantly differ from what has previously been assumed, giving new insights in the working of Li-ion battery electrodes and their potential improvements.