bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thalamocortical projections of the anteroventral thalamic nucleus in the rabbit
Authors: Shibata Hideshi , Yoshiko Honda 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe anterior thalamic nuclei are one of the regions that play critical roles in behavioral learning and memory functions. A part of the anterior thalamic nuclei, the anteroventral nucleus (AV) is well developed and differentiated into the parvocellular (AVp) and magnocellular (AVm) division in the rabbit. The AV is crucial for learning discriminative avoidance conditioning. Although communication between the AV and cortex is considered important in learning, little is known about the neural connections of the AV in the rabbit. Thus, this study used anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine and the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit to examine the organization of the thalamocortical projections of the AV. Our data show that each division of the AV provides a unique set of projections to restricted regions and layers of the retrosplenial cortex and presubiculum. In addition, the AVp projects to layers I and IV of retrosplenial areas 29 and 30 and to layers I and VI of the presubiculum. The dorsolateral AVm projects to layers I and IV of area 29 and to layers I, III, and V of the presubiculum. However, the ventromedial AVm only projects to layer I of area 29. These projections are generally organized such that the rostral‐to‐caudal axis of the AV corresponds to the caudal‐to‐rostral axis of the retrosplenial cortex and to the temporal‐to‐septal axis of the presubiculum. These findings suggest distinct functional roles played by each division of the AV in the learning and memory functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:726–741, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Vulnerability of the medial frontal corticospinal projection accompanies combined lateral frontal and parietal cortex injury in rhesus monkey
Authors: Morecraft R.J. , Ge J. , Stilwell‐Morecraft K.S. , McNeal D.W. , Hynes S.M. , Pizzimenti M.A. , Rotella D.L. , Darling W.G. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTConcurrent damage to the lateral frontal and parietal cortex is common following middle cerebral artery infarction, leading to upper extremity paresis, paresthesia, and sensory loss. Motor recovery is often poor, and the mechanisms that support or impede this process are unclear. Since the medial wall of the cerebral hemisphere is commonly spared following stroke, we investigated the spontaneous long‐term (6 and 12 month) effects of lateral frontoparietal injury (F2P2 lesion) on the terminal distribution of the corticospinal projection (CSP) from intact, ipsilesional supplementary motor cortex (M2) at spinal levels C5 to T1. Isolated injury to the frontoparietal arm/hand region resulted in a significant loss of contralateral corticospinal boutons from M2 compared with controls. Specifically, reductions occurred in the medial and lateral parts of lamina VII and the dorsal quadrants of lamina IX. There were no statistical differences in the ipsilateral CSP. Contrary to isolated lateral frontal motor injury (F2 lesion), which results in substantial increases in contralateral M2 labeling in laminae VII and IX (McNeal et al. [2010] J. Comp. Neurol. 518:586–621), the added effect of adjacent parietal cortex injury to the frontal motor lesion (F2P2 lesion) not only impedes a favorable compensatory neuroplastic response but results in a substantial loss of M2 CSP terminals. This dramatic reversal of the CSP response suggests a critical trophic role for cortical somatosensory influence on spared ipsilesional frontal corticospinal projections, and that restoration of a favorable compensatory response will require therapeutic intervention. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:669–697, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibition of Ammonia Poisoning by Addition of Platinum to Ru/α‐Al2O3 for Preferential CO Oxidation in Fuel Cells
Authors: Sato Katsutoshi , Yagi Sho , Zaitsu Shuhei , Kitayama Godai , Kayada Yuto , Teramura Kentaro , Takita Yusaku , Nagaoka Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) systems, small amounts of ammonia (NH3) present in the reformate gas deactivate the supported ruthenium catalysts used for preferential oxidation (PROX) of carbon monoxide (CO). In this study, we investigated how the addition of a small amount of platinum to a Ru/α‐Al2O3 catalyst (Pt/Ru=1:9 w/w) affected the catalyst’s PROX activity in both the absence and the presence of NH3 (130 ppm) under conditions mimicking the reformate conditions during steam reforming of natural gas. The activity of undoped Ru/α‐Al2O3 decreased sharply upon addition of NH3, whereas Pt/Ru/α‐Al2O3 exhibited excellent PROX activity even in the presence of NH3. Ruthenium K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectra indicated that in the presence of NH3, some of the ruthenium in the undoped catalyst was oxidized in the presence of NH3, whereas ruthenium oxidation was not observed with Pt/Ru/α‐Al2O3. These results suggest that ruthenium oxidation is retarded by the platinum, so that the catalyst shows high activity even in the presence of NH3.
Crosstalk between intestinal microbiota, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle as an early event in systemic low‐grade inflammation and the development of obesity and diabetes
Authors: Bleau Christian , Karelis Antony D. , St‐Pierre David H. , Lamontagne Lucie 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObesity is associated with a systemic chronic low‐grade inflammation that contributes to the development of metabolic disorders such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. However, the etiology of this obesity‐related pro‐inflammatory process remains unclear. Most studies have focused on adipose tissue dysfunctions and/or insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells as well as changes in adipokine profile and macrophage recruitment as potential sources of inflammation. However, low‐grade systemic inflammation probably involves a complex network of signals interconnecting several organs. Recent evidences have suggested that disturbances in the composition of the gut microbial flora and alterations in levels of gut peptides following the ingestion of a high‐fat diet may be a cause of low‐grade systemic inflammation that may even precede and predispose to obesity, metabolic disorders or type 2 diabetes. This hypothesis is appealing because the gastrointestinal system is first exposed to nutrients and may thereby represent the first link in the chain of events leading to the development of obesity‐associated systemic inflammation. Therefore, the present review will summarize the latest advances interconnecting intestinal mucosal bacteria‐mediated inflammation, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a coordinated circuitry favouring the onset of a high‐fat diet‐related systemic low‐grade inflammation preceding obesity and predisposing to metabolic disorders and/or type 2 diabetes. A particular emphasis will be given to high‐fat diet‐induced alterations of gut homeostasis as an early initiator event of mucosal inflammation and adverse consequences contributing to the promotion of extended systemic inflammation, especially in adipose and muscular tissues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dysglycemia and long‐term mortality: observations from the Israel study of glucose intolerance, obesity and hypertension
Authors: Bergman Michael , Chetrit Angela , Roth Jesse , Dankner Rachel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundWe describe the relationship between dysglycemia and long‐term mortality and elucidate the relationship between blood glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and haemoglobin A1 (HbA1) and mortality.MethodsA cohort of 1410 individuals was followed for 33 years since 1980. Fasting and post‐OGTT glucose parameters were used to categorize the cohort according to baseline glycemic status.ResultsThe mortality rate increased from 43% in normoglycemic individuals to 53.3, 61.7, 72.9 and 88.0% in those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), IFG/IGT and diabetes, respectively. The highest mortality rate, compared with the normoglycemic category, was observed in individuals with IFG/IGT and diabetes according to a Cox proportional hazard model (HR = 1.38, 95%CI 1.10–1.74 and HR = 2.14, 95%CI 1.70–2.70, respectively), followed by individuals with IGT and IFG, but this did not reach statistical significance. We speculate that the IFG group may represent a mixture of individuals en route from normal to the next two categories as well as another cohort whose glucose levels are stably set at the upper reaches of the normal distribution.Significant differences were found between 1 and 2 h glucose values (p < 0.001). Fasting, 60 and 120 min glucose values were positively associated with increasing HbA1 quintiles (p < 0.05). The mean HbA1 was significantly higher in those who died (p = 0.01). The highest mortality (58.8%) was observed in the upper HbA1 quintile that was also associated with the highest prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (17.2%).ConclusionsThis study shows a continuous relationship between the severity of dysglycemia and long‐term mortality and should promote the early recognition of prediabetes. The 1 h post‐load glucose level was continuously associated with increasing HbA1 concentrations and may therefore serve as an early marker for abnormalities in glucose tolerance. An elevated 1 h post‐load glucose level may potentially identify at‐risk individuals well before the traditional 2 h glucose value. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lens defects in Astyanax mexicanus Cavefish: Evolution of crystallins and a role for alphaA‐crystallin
Authors: Hinaux Hélène , Blin Maryline , Fumey Julien , Legendre Laurent , Heuzé Aurélie , Casane Didier , Rétaux Sylvie 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe fish Astyanax mexicanus presents, within the same species, populations of river‐dwelling surface fish (SF) and blind cave‐living fish. In cavefish (CF), the eyes develop almost normally during embryogenesis. But 40 h after fertilization, the lens enters apoptosis, triggering the progressive degeneration of the entire eye. Before apoptosis, the CF lens expresses early differentiation factors correctly. Here, we searched for possible late differentiation defects that would be causal in CF lens degeneration. We reasoned that crystallins, the major lens structural proteins, could be defective or misregulated. We surveyed the CF and SF transcriptomes and uncovered 14 Astyanax crystallins from the beta, gamma, lambda, mu, and zeta families. These proteins are less polymorphic and accumulate more fixed mutations, some at highly conserved positions, in CF than in SF, suggesting relaxed selection at these loci in CF. In situ hybridizations and qPCR show that crybb1c, crybgx, crygm5 are expressed at much lower levels or are not expressed in the CF lens. For the best crystallin candidates, we tested a potential causal role in CF lens apoptosis. Crybgx, crybb1c (not expressed in CF from very early on), and cryaa (previously shown to be faintly expressed in CF) failed to induce any defect when knocked‐down in zebrafish embryos. However, the anti‐apoptotic cryaa protected lens cells from apoptosis when reexpressed by transgenesis in CF, suggesting a cell‐autonomous effect of cryaa on lens cell survival. Altogether, these data suggest that crystallin sequence evolution and expression defects may contribute to the loss of eyes in CF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 505–521, 2015
Sexual size dimorphism is not associated with the evolution of parental care in frogs
Authors: Monroe Melanie J. , Alonzo Suzanne H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSex differences in parental care are thought to arise from differential selection on the sexes. Sexual dimorphism, including sexual size dimorphism (SSD), is often used as a proxy for sexual selection on males. Some studies have found an association between male‐biased SSD (i.e., males larger than females) and the loss of paternal care. While the relationship between sexual selection on males and parental care evolution has been studied extensively, the relationship between female‐biased SSD (i.e., females larger than males) and the evolution of parental care has received very little attention. Thus, we have little knowledge of whether female‐biased SSD coevolves with parental care. In species displaying female‐biased SSD, we might expect dimorphism to be associated with the evolution of paternal care or perhaps the loss of maternal care. Here, drawing on data for 99 extant frog species, we use comparative methods to evaluate how parental care and female‐biased SSD have evolved over time. Generally, we find no significant correlation between the evolution of parental care and female‐biased SSD in frogs. This suggests that differential selection on body size between the sexes is unlikely to have driven the evolution of parental care in these clades and questions whether we should expect sexual dimorphism to exhibit a general relationship with the evolution of sex differences in parental care.
Phylogeographic study of Chinese seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi) reveals two distinct haplotype groups and multiple microrefugia on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Wang Hongfang , Liu Han , Yang Mingbo , Bao Lei , Ge Jianping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHistorical climate change can shape the genetic pattern of a species. Studies on this phenomenon provide great advantage in predicting the response of species to current and future global climate change. Chinese seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis) is one of the most important cultivated plants in Northwest China. However, the subspecies history and the potential genetic resources within the subspecies range remain unclear. In this study, we utilized two intergenic chloroplast regions to characterize the spatial genetic distribution of the species. We found 19 haplotypes in total, 12 of which were unique to the Chinese seabuckthorn. The populations observed on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP) consisted of most of the haplotypes, while in the northeast of the range of the subspecies, an area not on the QTP, only four haplotypes were detected. Our study also revealed two distinct haplotype groups of the subspecies with a sharp transition region located in the south of the Zoige Basin. 89.96% of the genetic variation located between the regions. Mismatch analysis indicated old expansions of these two haplotype groups, approximately around the early stage of Pleistocene. Additional morphological proofs from existing studies and habitat differentiation supported a long independent colonization history among the two regions. Potential adaptation probably occurred but needs more genome and morphology data in future. Chinese seabuckthorn have an older population expansion compared with subspecies in Europe. The lack of large land ice sheets and the heterogeneous landscape of the QTP could have provided extensive microrefugia for Chinese seabuckthorn during the glaciation period. Multiple localities sustaining high‐frequency private haplotypes support this hypothesis. Our study gives clear insight into the distribution of genetic resources and the evolutionary history of Chinese seabuckthorn.
σ2P,O‐Hybrid Ligands: Synthesis of the First 4‐Hydroxy‐1,3‐benzazaphospholes by ortho‐Lithiation of m‐Amidophenyl Diethyl Phosphates
Authors: Aluri Bhaskar R. , Shah Kirti , Gupta Neelima , Fomina Olga S. , Yakhvarov Dmitry G. , Ghalib Mohammed , Jones Peter G. , Schulzke Carola , Heinicke Joachim W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe m‐phosphorylanilides 2 are available from anilides 1 by the Atherton–Todd reaction; the selective ortho‐lithiation of the o′‐methyl‐protected phosphorylpivalanilide 2b with tBuLi proceeded in high yield in the presence of ClSiMe3. The ortho‐lithiation is followed by rapid 1,3‐migration of the PO3Et2 group to yield the phosphonoanilide cis/trans‐3b. This compound mainly reacts with excess LiAlH4 by reductive cyclization to form the 4‐hydroxy‐1H‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole 6. The lithiation of the o′‐unprotected phosphorylpivalanilide 2a with LDA was unselective and led to 3a and 4a in low yields, whereas additional ortho‐lithiation of the benzoyl group occurred for the lithiation of the o′‐protected phosphonobenzanilide 2c with tBuLi/LDA to give 7 in rather low yield. The reduction of crude 7 led to (benzylamino)phenol 8 and the 4‐hydroxy‐1H‐1,3‐benzazaphosphole 9 as a minor product. The properties, NMR spectroscopy data, and crystal structures of 5b, 6, and 8 are reported.
Two Layerlike Supramolecular Assemblies Based on B‐Anderson‐Type Polyanionic Clusters and Their Adsorption Property
Authors: Yan Jinshuang , Gong Kaining , Xue Xiaolong , He Xueli , Zhao Chuan , Han Zhangang , Yu Haitao 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo layerlike supramolecular assemblies that consist of Ag‐supported B‐Anderson‐type clusters (H2bpp)[Ag{AlMo6(OH)6O18}]·2.5H2O (1) and (H2bpe)[Ag(OH2){AlMo6(OH)6O18}] (2) [bpp = 1,3‐di(4‐pyridyl)propane; bpe = 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethylene] have been synthesized and characterized. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the supramolecular structures of two compounds are built upon alternative arrangements of inorganic anionic and organic cationic layers. In 1 and 2 the oxophile silver centers have different coordination modes to bridge Anderson‐type clusters into 2D inorganic anionic layers. There are extensive noncovalent forces among inorganic anions and organic cations to construct 3D supramolecular frameworks of compounds 1–2. The preliminary experiments show that the two crystals possess an adsorption–desorption property for methylene blue (MB). Crystal 2 shows a very fast adsorption rate towards MB, and a relatively high value (ca. 90 %) can be reached within 15 min.
Two Supramolecular Inorganic–Organic Hybrids of 12‐Silicotungstic Acid Heteropolyoxometalate and Trinuclear Lanthanide Clusters: Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Lotfian Nahid , Mirzaei Masoud , Eshtiagh‐Hosseini Hossein , Löffler Marta , Korabik Maria , Salimi Alireza 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHydrothermal synthesis of two novel inorganic–organic hybrid assemblies, {Na[Ln(pydc‐OH)(H2O)4]3}[SiW12O40]·15H2O [Ln = Nd (1) and Ln = Sm, (2); pydc‐OH = 4‐hydroxypyridine‐2,6‐dicarboxy], and their characterization is described. Structural characterizations by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveal that these compounds are isostructural, and each consists of [SiW12O40]4– Keggin‐type polyoxometalates (POMs) linked by three lanthanide ions to yield discrete trinuclear lanthanide clusters. These discrete molecules are further packed into 3D supramolecular assemblies by means of hydrogen‐bonding and anion–π interactions. Both compounds exhibit remarkable thermal stability. The temperature variation in the magnetic susceptibility χm and of the χmT product and Bohr magnetons of the NdIII (1)‐ and SmIII (2)‐based compounds are considered. The magnetic data have been interpreted relative to data presented in the literature.
Isolated Uranyl Chromate and Polychromate Units in Crown Ether Templated Compounds
Authors: Siidra Oleg I. , Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Sysoeva Elena V. , Kayukov Roman A. , Depmeier Wulf 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTwo compounds containing isolated uranyl chromate and polychromate units were synthesized through room‐temperature reactions of uranyl nitrate, chromium(VI) oxide, and 18‐crown‐6/15‐crown‐5 in aqueous solutions. Uranyl chromate with 18‐crown‐6 consists of neutral ∞0[(UO2)(CrO4)(H2O)3] units formed by the bidentate character of the edge sharing UrO5 bipyramid with only CrO4 and organic molecules and no additional crystallization water molecules. Uranyl polychromate with 15‐crown‐5 is the first inorganic compound in which [CrO4]2–, [Cr2O7]2–, and [Cr3O10]2– chromate groups are observed simultaneously.
Electrochemical Conversion of Bicarbonate to Formate Mediated by the Complex RuIII(edta) (edta4– = ethylenediaminetetraacetate)
Authors: Chatterjee Debabrata , Jaiswal Namita , Banerjee Priyabrata 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we present the first example of a ruthenium(III) complex, [RuIII(edta)] (edta = ethylenediaminetetraacetate), that catalyzes the electrochemical conversion of hydrogen carbonate to formate selectively. The formation of an [RuIII(edta)(HCO3)]2– species through the reaction of the [RuIII(edta)(H2O)]– catalyst and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) was studied kinetically by using the stopped‐flow technique. The value of the second‐order rate constant for the formation of the [RuIII(edta)(HCO3)]2– complex was 82 ± 7 M–1 s–1 at 25 °C and pH = 6.4. Electrochemical reduction of hydrogen carbonate (HCO3–) was achieved by carrying out constant‐potential bulk electrolysis at –0.4 V (vs. SCE) with a mercury‐pool cathode at pH = 6.4. The formation of formate as the only reduction product was evidenced by a 13C NMR analysis of the reaction mixture obtained after electrolysis.
Iron‐Catalyzed [4C+1N] Cyclization of 4‐Acetylenic Ketones with Primary Amines: Synthesis of 5‐(Aryl)alkylidene‐4,5‐dihydropyrroles
Authors: Sun Bo , Ma Quan , Wang Yeming , Zhao Yuegang , Liao Peiqiu , Bi Xihe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAn environmentally friendly route to fully substituted 4,5‐dihydropyrroles was developed through the iron‐catalyzed [4C+1N] cyclization of 4‐acetylenic ketones with primary amines in 1,5‐pentanediol.
Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in Ethanol Fuel Using an Organofunctionalized Modified Graphite‐Polyurethane Composite Disposable Screen‐Printed Device
Authors: Saciloto Thalita R. , Cervini Priscila , Cavalheiro Éder T. G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA disposable screen‐printed device containing working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes is proposed for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) in ethanol fuel. The working electrode was printed using an ink modified with 2‐benzothiazole‐2‐thiol organofunctionalized SBA‐15 silica, in order to increase sensitivity. The performance of this electrode was compared with that of bare and SBA‐15‐modified electrodes. After optimizing the experimental parameters, the device was applied in determination of the analytes in commercial ethanol fuel samples, using 0.10 mol L−1 KCl/ethanol ratios of 30 : 70 (v/v), with [H+]=10−5 mol L−1. After 5 min of preconcentration at − 1.3 V (vs. pseudo‐Ag/AgCl), four well‐resolved signals were obtained, enabling simultaneous determination of the four analytes using a differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) procedure. The limits of detection were 0.30, 0.065, 0.030, and 0.046 µmol L−1 for Zn(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II), respectively. The results of these analyses were in agreement with those obtained using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II), and high‐resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry (HR‐CS‐FAAS) for Zn2+, at a 95 % confidence level. Analytes originally present in the samples could be detected, and the interference of some cations and anions was evaluated.