bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic mapping shows intraspecific variation and transgressive segregation for caterpillar‐induced aphid resistance in maize
Authors: Tzin Vered , Lindsay Penelope L. , Christensen Shawn A. , Meihls Lisa N. , Blue Levi B. , Jander Georg 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPlants in nature have inducible defences that sometimes lead to targeted resistance against particular herbivores, but susceptibility to others. The metabolic diversity and genetic resources available for maize (Zea mays) make this a suitable system for a mechanistic study of within‐species variation in such plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores. Beet armyworms (Spodoptera exigua) and corn leaf aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis) are two naturally occurring maize herbivores with different feeding habits. Whereas chewing herbivore‐induced methylation of 2,4‐dihydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one glucoside (DIMBOA‐Glc) to form 2‐hydroxy‐4,7‐dimethoxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one glucoside (HDMBOA‐Glc) promotes caterpillar resistance, lower DIMBOA‐Glc levels favour aphid reproduction. Thus, caterpillar‐induced DIMBOA‐Glc methyltransferase activity in maize is predicted to promote aphid growth. To test this hypothesis, the impact of S. exigua feeding on R. maidis progeny production was assessed using seventeen genetically diverse maize inbred lines. Whereas aphid progeny production was increased by prior caterpillar feeding on lines B73, Ki11, Ki3 and Tx303, it decreased on lines Ky21, CML103, Mo18W and W22. Genetic mapping of this trait in a population of B73 × Ky21 recombinant inbred lines identified significant quantitative trait loci on maize chromosomes 1, 7 and 10. There is a transgressive segregation for aphid resistance, with the Ky21 alleles on chromosomes 1 and 7 and the B73 allele on chromosome 10 increasing aphid progeny production. The chromosome 1 QTL coincides with a cluster of three maize genes encoding benzoxazinoid O‐methyltransferases that convert DIMBOA‐Glc to HDMBOA‐Glc. Gene expression studies and benzoxazinoid measurements indicate that S. exigua ‐induced responses in this pathway differentially affect R. maidis resistance in B73 and Ky21.
Philosophy Upside Down?
Authors: Baumann Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPhilip Kitcher recently argued for a reconstruction in philosophy. According to him, the contemporary mainstream of philosophy (in the English‐speaking world, at least) has deteriorated into something that is of relevance only to a few specialists who communicate with each other in a language nobody else understands. Kitcher proposes to reconstruct philosophy along two axes: a knowledge axis (with a focus on the sciences) and a value axis. The present article discusses Kitcher's diagnosis as well as his proposal of a therapy. It argues that there are problems with both, and it ends with an alternative view of what some core problems of the profession currently are.
Zone Morality
Authors: Weissman David 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTraditional moral theory usually has either of two emphases: virtuous moral character or principles for distributing duties or goods. “Zone morality” introduces a third: families and businesses are systems created by the causal reciprocities of their members. These relations embody the duties and permissions of a system's moral code. Core systems satisfy basic interests and needs; we move easily among them, hardly noticing that moral demands vary from system to system. Moral conflicts arise because of discord within or among systems but also because morality has three competing sites: personal attitudes and practices (benevolence or hostility), the moral codes of systems, and regulative principles that enhance social cohesion. A strong church or central government reduces conflict by imposing its rules. A democracy responds by encouraging persons and systems to participate in forums where claims are made; it promises fairness by requiring that all satisfy its legal procedures.
Primitivism and the Analogy between Colors and Values
Authors: Benbaji Hagit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe analogy between colors and values is strongly interlinked with the idea that these properties are by nature dispositions or response‐dependent properties. Indeed, that colors are essentially visible, and values are inherently motivational, cries out for a dispositional or a response‐dependent account. Recently,Primitivism has challenged the viability of the dispositional account of colors, taking the apple, for instance, to be “gloriously, perfectly, and primitivelyred.” Unsurprisingly, the attack on the dispositional account of colors has found a moral analogue in the view that values are sui generis irreducibly primitive properties. The question this article addresses is whether givenPrimitivism the analogy between colors and values is preserved; or in other words, whetherPrimitivism breaks the bond between the dispositional account and the analogy between colors and values.
revisiting the origins of northwest coast packstraps
Authors: Johnson Leslie Main 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLong woolen burden straps are a distinctive carrying device used by Gitksan, Witsuwit'en, and other peoples of the northwestern part of British Columbia, Canada. They were used for many purposes, including carrying cargo, securing dog packs, supporting cradles, and carrying infants and small children, thus enabling the effective movement of people and goods over land and up and down the steep mountain slopes of the region. With 20th‐century changes in economy and transportation, strap weaving has become a heritage craft. The origins of this technology are obscure: Was it wholly indigenous, a European introduction, or a hybrid technology based on an undocumented 18th‐ or 19th‐century European introduction of rigid heddle weaving to the region? Early ethnologists, working in a “salvage ethnography” paradigm, dismissed this technology as a recent European introduction. However, re‐examination of historic and contemporary straps, spindles, and looms suggests a more complex analysis. [tumpline, Gitksan, Witsuwit'en, weaving, carrying, British Columbia, heddle]
Taqiyya as Polemic, Law and Knowledge: Following an Islamic Legal Term through the Worlds of Islamic Scholars, Ethnographers, Polemicists and Military Men
Authors: Mariuma Yarden 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTaqiyya is an Islamic juridical term whose shifting meaning relates to when a Muslim is allowed, under Sharia law, to lie. A concept whose meaning has varied significantly among Islamic sects, scholars, countries, and political regimes, it nevertheless is one of the key terms used by recent anti‐Muslim polemicists such as Robert Spencer or Daniel Pipes, and has been used by US Prosecutors to explain terrorist behavior. This paper seeks to summarize the complex uses of the term and show how a specific concept in a legal system can be used and interpreted by both adherents of that system and enemies in a wide variety of ways, taking on different meanings while referring to effectively the same set of practices. The term is debated in a scholarly way in the scholarly literature, as an ethnographic term, and finally, as an operational concept used as a tactic in a war and demanding countertactics tailored to it. The paper will discuss the social purpose of having such ambiguous concepts available within one's society, and the idea that making the ambiguous specific can be a valuable weapon in polemical attack.
Recent and future changes in extreme rainfall in the Catskills region of New York
Authors: DeGaetano Arthur T. , Castellano Christopher M. 
Published: October 2015

Recent flooding events in the Catskills such as Tropical Storm Irene have raised concerns regarding changes in the frequency of heavy rainfall. The extreme precipitation records of four long‐term observing sites are analyzed based on two measures of heavy rainfall. The number of events that produce ≥50.8 mm of precipitation per year show little evidence of an increasing trend. Rather, the climatology of Catskills stations is marked by considerable year‐to‐year and decade‐to‐decade variability. Because of this variability, a different measure of extreme precipitation, the 100‐year storm, attained its highest value in the early 1960s. This was an artifact of the reliance of the analysis procedure on a relatively short record that coincided with high precipitation. Current engineering design for infrastructure affected by extreme rainfall is based on this metric. After 1960, the 100‐year storm declined, until rising again after 1990. This rise is consistent with a regional trend toward higher precipitation extremes. Climate‐model projections show this trend continuing at a rate of 2–3% per decade through 2069. The serendipitously high 100‐year‐storm value computed in 1960 may provide some buffer to the expected effects of this change in extreme rainfall in the Catskills.
Hereditary Progressive Mucinous Histiocytosis: New Insights Into a Rare Disease
Authors: Nguyen Nicholas V. , Prok Lori , Burgos Arelis , Bruckner Anna L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHereditary progressive mucinous histiocytosis is a rare, benign, skin‐limited form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis. We report on a 5‐year‐old boy who presented in infancy with self‐resolving dermal nodules but later developed persistent and progressive erythematous papules on the face and scalp. Histologic evaluation revealed dermal aggregates of S‐100/CD1a‐negative histiocytes with abundant mucin. We present this case to highlight the evolution of the lesional morphology in infancy and early childhood and to stress the importance of histology in confirming this rare disorder.
Quality of Life in Families with Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Pustišek Nives , Vurnek Živković Maja , Šitum Mirna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common childhood disease of increasing prevalence that not only changes the life of the affected children, but also affects the social and emotional functioning of their families.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of parents with children with AD and its predictors.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐one parents of children with AD attending the outpatient Pediatric Dermatology Unit, Children's Hospital Zagreb, participated in the study. The severity of AD was estimated using the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. Parents were asked to complete the Croatian version of the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI), the Patient‐Oriented (PO) SCORAD, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and a general questionnaire during a regular follow‐up visit.ResultsFamily QOL is significantly correlated with the SCORAD score (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.578), PO SCORAD (r = 0.447), itching (r = 0.528), sleeplessness (r = 0.583), and PSS (r = 0.464). When these factors were entered into a regression analysis, they predicted as much as 67% of the variance of QOL (FDLQI), with significant predictors being PO SCORAD, PO sleeplessness, and PSS, and they remained significant even after controlling for a number of general and medical factors.ConclusionsThe severity of illness as perceived by dermatologists and parents is similar, and itching, sleeplessness, and perceived stress are strong QOL predictors of parents caring for children with AD.
Regulation of immunity by Taeniids: lessons from animal models and in vitro studies
Authors: Peón A. N. , Ledesma‐Soto Y. , Terrazas L. I. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryTaeniidae is the largest family of the Cyclophyllidea order of parasites despite being composed of just two genera: Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp. These parasites are flatworms with a terrestrial life cycle, having an immature or larval stage called metacestode, which develops into the mature form within the intestine of the primary host after being consumed in raw or poorly cooked meat. Consumed eggs hatch into oncospheres, penetrate the intestinal walls and are transported via the bloodstream to later develop into metacestodes within the muscles and internal organs of secondary and sometimes primary hosts, thereby initiating the cycle again. Larval stages of both Taenia spp and Echinococcus spp are well known to produce tissue‐dwelling, long‐lasting infections; in this stage, these parasites can reach centimetres (macroparasites) and both genera may cause life‐threatening diseases in humans. Establishing such long‐term infections requires an exceptional ability to modulate host immunity for long periods of time. In this review, we analyse the immunoregulatory mechanisms induced by these tapeworms and their products, mainly discussing the importance of taeniid strategies to successfully colonize their hosts, such as antigen‐presenting cell phenotype manipulation and the consequent induction of T‐cell anergy, among others.
Ambivalence, the Intergroup Contact Hypothesis, and Attitudes about Gay Rights
Authors: Garner Andrew 
Published: October 2015

This article examines the effect of contact with gays and lesbians on inducing or decreasing ambivalence among citizens’ attitudes toward gay rights. Contact may create cross‐pressure or ambivalence among strong conservative‐leaning citizens, causing internal conflict between their political values and their contact with gays and lesbians. Citizens torn between conflicting values will have less predictable attitudes than those not experiencing such conflict. Contact, however, is likely to have the opposite effect among liberal‐leaning citizens, reducing ambivalence and making their attitudes more predictable and uniform. Results from heteroskedastic regression models indicate that contact increases the error variance among evangelicalChristians, strong conservatives, and strong Republicans while decreasing it among their liberal‐leaning counterparts. The results suggest that contact with gays and lesbians can impact the mean level of support for gay rights, as well as the clarity or certainty of those attitudes, although its effect differs across these two dimensions of public opinion.Related ArticlesBramlett,Brittany H.2012. “.”Politics & Policy40():13‐42.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00337.x/fullBarth,Jay L., andJanineParry.2009. “.”Politics & Policy37():31‐50.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00160.x/abstractSkipworth,SueAnn,AndrewGarner, andBryanJ. Dettrey.2010. “.”Politics & Policy38():887‐906.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00262.x/abstractRelated Media.2010. “?” Accessed on December 20, 2012. Available online athttp://www.itgetsbetter.org/pages/about‐it‐gets‐better‐projectEdsall,Thomas B.2012. “.” (April 15).http://campaignstops.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/15/let‐the‐nanotargeting‐begin
Explaining Cross‐Border Political Activities among Latino Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Lee Jongho 
Published: October 2015

This study examines the characteristics of those who participate in cross‐border political activities and explains why they do so. Data from a survey of 1,202 Latino immigrants reveal that trans‐state political activities originate in an instrumentally motivated adaptation strategy immigrants employ to protect and promote their material and symbolic goals. Specifically, those who have strong incentives to safeguard their economic interests in the home country are active in home country politics, as are those involved in trans‐state cultural enterprises, since participation in cross‐border cultural activities encourages immigrants to take political action in order to maintain and promote their long‐standing values, beliefs, and cultural practices they acquired from the home country. Participation in cross‐border political activities is thus primarily a manifestation of immigrants' desires to achieve their symbolic as well as material goals, rather than a reflection of their lack of assimilation to the host country.Related Articles
Bayes, Jane H., and Laura Gonzalez. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 11‐44. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00281.x/abstract

Garcia‐Acevedo, Maria R. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 1066‐1092. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2008.00150.x/abstract

Pearson‐Merkowitz, Shanna. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 258‐295. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00349.x/abstract
Related Media
. 2010. “.” . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gw8IARAEhi0

Carpenter, Charlie. 2012. “.” . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kSZqP6RGJX8

Berger, Joseph. 2009. “.” . http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/15/nyregion/westchester/15colwe.html?_r=0
How modality specific is processing of auditory and visual rhythms?
Authors: Pasinski Amanda C. , McAuley J. Devin , Snyder Joel S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe present study used ERPs to test the extent to which temporal processing is modality specific or modality general. Participants were presented with auditory and visual temporal patterns that consisted of initial two‐ or three‐event beginning patterns. This delineated a constant standard time interval, followed by a two‐event ending pattern delineating a variable test interval. Participants judged whether they perceived the pattern as a whole to be speeding up or slowing down. The contingent negative variation (CNV), a negative potential reflecting temporal expectancy, showed a larger amplitude for the auditory modality compared to the visual modality but a high degree of similarity in scalp voltage patterns across modalities, suggesting that the CNV arises from modality‐general processes. A late, memory‐dependent positive component (P3) also showed similar patterns across modalities.
Feedback delay gradually affects amplitude and valence specificity of the feedback‐related negativity (FRN)
Authors: Peterburs Jutta , Kobza Stefan , Bellebaum Christian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProcessing of performance‐related feedback is an essential prerequisite for adaptive behavior. Even though in everyday life feedback is rarely immediate, to date very few studies have investigated whether the feedback‐related negativity (FRN), a relative negativity in the ERP approximately 200 to 300 ms after feedback that is sensitive to feedback valence and predictability, is modulated by feedback timing, and findings are inconsistent. The present study investigated effects of gradually increasing feedback delays on feedback processing in the FRN time window. Subjects completed a probabilistic learning task in which feedback was provided after short, intermediate, or long delays. Difference wave‐based analyses showed that amplitudes decreased linearly with increasing feedback delay. A distinct pattern was observed for the FRN as defined in the original waveforms, with FRN amplitudes being largest for long and smallest for short delays. This pattern of results is consistent with the notion that the neural systems underlying feedback processing vary depending on feedback timing. The gradually reduced difference wave signal might reflect a gradual shift away from processing in frontostriatal circuits toward medial temporal involvement. To what extent increased signal amplitudes for longer delays in the original waveforms are related to processing in certain brain structures will need to be determined in future studies.
Antipodean Social Policy Responses to Economic Crises
Authors: Starke Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this article, I analyze the social policy reactions to economic crises in Australia and New Zealand. After the financial crisis of 2008, Australia built its crisis management strategy around a large fiscal stimulus with a significant social policy component, whereas New Zealand did not. While the government enacted fiscal stimulus measures, the social policy component was small and the government soon returned to welfare retrenchment and workfare policy. Based on a detailed account of recent crisis policies as well as a condensed overview of previous crisis responses (to the 1970s oil shocks, the early 1990s recession and the Asian financial crisis), I discuss the contribution of a number of factors to explaining this difference between Australia and New Zealand. These factors include: idiosyncratic causes such as the Australian mining boom and the Christchurch earthquakes, partisan politics, interest group structures, political institutions and policy legacies. The analysis shows that the recent differences cannot fully be explained through idiosyncratic factors, as partisan ideology was already crucial in strategic policy decisions during the first months of the crisis. The historical pattern further supports this conclusion.
The Working Class and Welfare:FrancisG.Castles on the Political Development of the Welfare State inAustralia andNewZealand Thirty Years On
Authors: Deeming Christopher 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn his celebrated work of comparative policy, Francis Castles argued that a radical wage‐earning model of welfare had evolved inAustralia andNewZealand over the course of the 20th century. TheCastles' thesis is shown to have two parts: first, the ‘fourth world of welfare’ argument that rests upon protection of workers; and, second, an emphasis on the path‐dependent nature of social policy. It is perfectly possible to accept the second premise of the argument without the first, and indeed many do so. It is also possible to accept the importance of wage level protection concerns inAustralasian social policy without accepting the complete fourth world thesis. This article explores the path of social democracy inAustralia andNewZealand and the continuing importance of labour market regulation, as well as considering the extent to which that emphasis still makes Australasian social policy distinctive in the modern age. The argument focuses on the data and policies relating to labour market protection and wages, as well the systems of welfare and social protection, and the comparative information on poverty and inequality.
Welfare Reform in Aotearoa/New Zealand: From Citizen to Managed Worker
Authors: O'Brien Michael 
Published: October 2015

AbstractActive citizenship, obligations and growing surveillance have been key dimensions of the changing approach to welfare in New Zealand over the last 30 years; this article explores these changes and some of their implications. In a context of growing inequality and poverty, the emphasis has been placed on beneficiary responsibilities rather than rights. Increased participation in paid work, associated with a critical approach to ‘benefit dependency’, has been an integral feature of the changes, reflected in the renaming and restructuring of the benefit system. The article concludes with a discussion on some of the implications of the changes in direction, particularly in relation to poverty levels and the ways in which reduced citizenship rights are associated with and strengthens the positioning of beneficiaries as outsiders.
From Celtic Tiger to Crisis: Progress, Problems and Prospects for Social Security in Ireland
Authors: Hick Rod 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article provides an assessment of the impact of changes to social security in Ireland during both the Celtic Tiger and crisis periods, comparing change in social security rates relative to prices and to median equivalized net income. It is argued that, contrary to some commentary, there was progress in terms of social welfare generosity during the Celtic Tiger years, despite Ireland adopting a low‐tax economic model. However, in the latter years of the Celtic Tiger period, this progress was increasingly leveraged against precarious property‐related taxes. Following the collapse of the housing bubble, the bank guarantee and the bailout, there has been substantial retrenchment of social security, both in terms of cuts to some of the primary social welfare payments, tightening of scheme rules as well as more direct cuts to less visible schemes. The article provides an assessment of these changes, ending on a cautionary note in arguing that the prospects for the future do not augur well given Ireland's continued commitment to a low‐tax economic model.