bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in capture height and trap persistence among three Costa Rican understorey butterfly species
Authors: Alexander Laura G. , DeVries Philip J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:Tropical forest insects are vertically stratified between the canopy and understorey. Using 60 traps set at two heights above the forest floor (30 at 15 cm and 30 at 1 m) we compared abundances in capture height, persistence in traps, and sex of three co-occurring understorey butterflies (Cithaerias pireta,Dulcedo politaandPierella helvina) in Costa Rica. We captured, marked and released 283 individual butterflies (65C. pireta, 79D. polita, 139P. helvina) and showed all three species were captured more often in low traps, andP. helvinawas captured only in low traps. The probability of remaining in traps for 24 h did not differ significantly forD. politaandP. helvina, but was significantly lower forC. pireta. The odds of trapping either sex did not differ significantly forP. helvinaandC. pireta, but they were significantly lower forD. politamales. We experimentally demonstrate that these co-occurring species fly and feed just above the forest floor, but differ with respect to their persistence in traps and attraction to traps by sex. Our study implies that closely related species can exhibit behavioural differences that may influence population abundance estimates in multi-species studies.
Effects of soil water status on the spatial variation of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in tropical rain-forest soils in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Itoh Masayuki , Kosugi Yoshiko , Takanashi Satoru , Kanemitsu Shuhei , Osaka Ken'ichi , Hayashi Yuki , Tani Makoto , Rahim Nik Abdul 
Published: November 2012

Abstract:To assess the effects of soil water status on the spatial variation in soil carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes, we examined these gas fluxes and environmental factors in a tropical rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Measurements of soil CO2, CH4and N2O fluxes were taken ten, nine, and seven times, respectively over 30 mo at 15 or 39 sampling point within 2-ha plot. Mean (± SE) value of spatially averaged CO2flux was 4.70 ± 0.19 μmol CO2m−2s−1and observed spatial variation in CO2flux was negatively related to the volumetric soil water content (VSWC) during the dry period. Over the wet period, extremely high CO2emissions were positively correlated with VSWC at some locations, suggesting that no spatial structure of CO2flux was because of such hot-spot CO2emissions. Flux of CH4was usually negative with little variation, with a mean value of –0.49 ± 0.15 mg CH4m−2d−1, resulting in the soil at our study site functioning as a CH4sink. Spatial variation in CH4flux was positively related to the VSWC throughout the entire study period (dry and wet). Some CH4hot spots were observed during dry periods, probably due to the presence of termites. Mean value of spatially averaged N2O flux was 98.9 ± 40.7 μg N m−2h−1and N2O flux increased markedly during the wet period. Spatially, N2O flux was positively related to both the VSWC and the soil N concentration and was higher in wet and anaerobic soils. These findings suggest that denitrification is a major contributor to high soil N2O fluxes. Additionally, analysis by adjusting confounding effects of time, location and interaction between time and location in mixed models, VSWC has a negative effect on CO2flux and positive effects on CH4and N2O fluxes. We found that soil water status was related temporally to rainfall and controlled greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from the soil at the study site via several biogeochemical processes, including gas diffusion and soil redox conditions. Our results also suggest that considering the biological effects such as decomposer activities may help to explain the complex temporal and spatial patterns in CO2and CH4fluxes.
Acquisition of English grammatical morphology by internationally adopted children from China
Authors: PIERCE LARA J. , GENESEE FRED , PARADIS JOHANNE 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAcquisition of English grammatical morphology was examined in five internationally adopted (IA) children from China (aged 0;10–1;1 at adoption) during the first three years' exposure to English to determine whether acquisition patterns were characteristic of child second language (L2) learners or monolingual first language (L1) learners. Results from spontaneous and elicited speech showed that IA children acquired grammatical morphemes similarly to L1 learners; namely, (1) non-tense-marking morphemes were acquired earlier than tense-marking morphemes; (2) BE was acquired in synchrony with other tense-marking morphemes; and (3) a high percentage of omission errors and a low percentage of commission errors were observed.
Predicting the distribution of invasive plants in the Ukrainian Carpathians under climatic change and intensification of anthropogenic disturbances: implications for biodiversity conservation
Authors: SIMPSON MARIA , PROTS BOHDAN 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYBiodiversity conservation in the Ukrainian Carpathians cannot be accomplished without a clear understanding of the factors negatively impacting habitats and species, and long-term projection of these impacts. One factor that may severely alter the ecosystems involved is the introduction and spread of invasive plant species, but the potential distribution and spatial aggregation of suitable habitats for several invaders have not been quantified. The Maxent approach was used to model the potential establishment within the entire mountain range of 11 alien invasive plant species based on stratified sampling and herbaria records and six variables representing climatic extremes, topography, and anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Predictions of habitat suitability were projected to two future change scenarios depicting increasing rates of climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances in 2050 and 2100. Under current climate and disturbance patterns, the models predicted suitable habitats for invasive species establishment to be aggregated in the south-west, east and north-east of the Ukrainian Carpathians, along major rivers and roads at altitudes of up toc. 700 m. Eight per cent of the total area within protected areas was predicted to be potentially susceptible to invasion by at least one species, with 13% of these susceptible habitats being suitable for all 11 species. Under the future change scenarios, suitable habitat ranges increased significantly in the entire study area and within regions of high conservation value. All species were projected to gain suitable habitats at higher altitudes along linear habitats and to potentially expand their ranges laterally from habitats predicted as suitable for current conditions along small rivers and roads. Under the scenario solely of increased average seasonal temperatures, suitable habitats for the establishment of at least one species within protected areas and a proposed ecological network increased by more than 15 percentage points by 2050 and by more than 30 percentage points by 2100 when compared with predictions for current conditions. Similar future patterns were discernible for the aggregation of suitable habitats for all 11 species. Incorporating increases in anthropogenic pressures into climatic-change projections led to a significantly greater projected expansion of suitable habitats for establishment as compared to scenarios considering only climatic changes. As the 11 species have already established viable populations within protected areas, further spread of at least one species is likely if conservation planning is not changed to include the management of invasive species in such areas.
An investigation into the seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondii,Bartonellaspp., feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: TIAO N. , DARRINGTON C. , MOLLA B. , SAVILLE W. J. A. , TILAHUN G. , KWOK O. C. H. , GEBREYES W. A. , LAPPIN M. R. , JONES J. L. , DUBEY J. P. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYToxoplasma gondiiandBartonellaspp. are zoonotic pathogens of cats. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are immunosuppressive viruses of cats that can affectT. gondiioocyst shedding. In this study, the prevalence of antibodies toT. gondii,Bartonellaspp., FIV, as well as FeLV antigens were determined in sera from feral cats (Felis catus) from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using the modified agglutination test, IgG antibodies toT. gondiiwere found in 41 (85·4%) of the 48 cats with titres of 1:25 in one, 1:50 in one, 1:200 in six, 1:400 in six, 1:800 in six, 1:1600 in eight, and 1:3200 in 13 cats.Toxoplasma gondiiIgM antibodies were found in 11/46 cats tested by ELISA, suggesting recent infection. Antibodies toBartonellaspp. were found in five (11%) of 46 cats tested. Antibodies to FIV or FeLV antigen were not detected in any of the 41 cats tested. The results indicate a high prevalence ofT. gondiiand a low prevalence ofBartonellaspp. infection in cats in Ethiopia.
Structure and life cycle of supraglacial lakes in Dronning Maud Land
Authors: Leppäranta Matti , Järvinen Onni , Mattila Olli-Pekka 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSupraglacial lakes form in Antarctic blue ice regions from penetration of solar radiation into the ice in summer. Three lakes were mapped for their structure in summers 2004–05 and 2010–11 in western Dronning Maud Land, and one was also examined for the radiation budget. The lake body consisted of two layers, each ∼1 m thick: an upper layer with a thin ice layer on top and main body of liquid water, and a lower layer containing slush and hard ice sub-layers. A sediment-rich slush pocket was found at the bottom. Hydraulic conductivity of the lake body was 0.25–30 cm s-1 depending on the stage of evolution, with 6.3 cm s-1 for closely packed slush. Albedo of the lake was 0.4–0.6 and light attenuation coefficient was 0.5–0.7 m-1. The formation and the depth scale of the lakes are determined by the light attenuation distance and thermal diffusion coefficient, limiting the growth to less than about 1.5 m in one summer. The potential winter growth is more and thus the lakes freeze up in winter in the present climatic conditions.
EditorArrow: An arrow-based model for editor-based programming
Authors: ACHTEN PETER , VAN EEKELEN MARKO , DE MOL MAARTEN , PLASMEIJER RINUS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractState-based interactive applications, whether they run on the desktop or as a web application, can be considered as collections of interconnected editors of structured values that allow users to manipulate data. This is the view that is advocated by theGECandiDatatoolkits, which offer a high level of abstraction to programming desktop and web GUI applications respectively. Special features of these toolkits are that editors haveshared,persistentstate, and that theyhandle eventsindividually. In this paper we cast these toolkits within theArrowframework and presentEditorArrow: a single, unified semantic model that defines shared state and event handling. We study the properties ofEditorArrow, and of editors in particular. Furthermore, we present the definedness properties of the combinators. A reference implementation of theEditorArrowmodel is given with some small program examples. We discuss formal reasoning about the model using the proof assistantSparkle. The availability of this tool has proved to be indispensable in this endeavor.
Co-culture embedded in cumulus clumps promotes maturation of denuded oocytes and reconstructs gap junctions between oocytes and cumulus cells
Authors: Feng Guixue , Shi Deshun , Yang Shufang , Wang Xiaoli 
Published: November 2012

SummaryThe present study was undertaken to establish an effective method for in vitro maturation (IVM) of denuded oocytes (DOs) by simulating the ovarian three-dimensional status in vivo using buffalo ovarian tissues or cumulus cells, so as to provide a model for investigating the mechanisms of oocyte maturation. Buffalo cumulus–oocyte complexes from ovaries taken at slaughter were denuded by pipetting, and then allocated randomly into four groups for IVM by direct culture in maturation medium (M1, control group), co-culture with a monolayer of cumulus cells (M2), embedded in cumulus cell clumps (M3) and ovarian tissue (M4) for 24 h. The nuclear maturation of DOs was assessed by the extrusion of the first polar body and the cytoplasmic maturation was evaluated by subsequently developmental capacity after parthenogenetic activation. More DOs matured to MII (56.89%) and developed to blastocysts (25.75%) when they were matured in vitro with M3 in comparison with DOs matured in vitro with M1 (45.14 and 15.97%) and M4 (40.48 and 13.49%). Further detection of gap junctions by injecting Lucifer yellow directly into cytoplasm of matured DOs with adherent cumulus cells and scanning with confocal microscope showed that Lucifer yellow were found in nine out of 11 the adherent cumulus cells in M3, indicating that the gap junctions between oocytes and cumulus cells was reconstructed in vitro. These results indicate that co-culture of DOs embedded in cumulus cell clumps can improve their nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of DOs, possibly through the reconstruction of gap junctions in vitro.
Multiple Patients with Carbon Monoxide Toxicity from Water-Pipe Smoking
Authors: Clarke Simon F.J. , Stephens Caroline , Farhan Maisse , Ward Patricia , Keshishian Catherine , Murray Virginia , Zenner Dominik 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis case report describes carbon monoxide toxicity from prolonged shisha (water-pipe) smoking. The evidence base for the source and pathway of toxicity is discussed. This practice has been increasing in the UK in recent years, and emergency physicians need to be aware of the high levels of CO, with the consequent risk of clinical poisoning from water-pipe smoking.ClarkeSFJ, StephensC, FarhanM, WardP, KeshishianC, MurrayV, ZennerD. Multiple patients with carbon monoxide toxicity from water-pipe smoking. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-3.
Minimum Data Set for Mass-Gathering Health Research and Evaluation: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Ranse Jamie , Hutton Alison 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper discusses the need for consistency in mass-gathering data collection and biomedical reporting. Mass gatherings occur frequently throughout the world, and having an understanding of the complexities of mass gatherings is important to inform health services about the possible required health resources. Factors within the environmental, psychosocial and biomedical domains influence the usage of health services at mass gatherings. The biomedical domain includes the categorization of presenting injury or illness, and rates such as patient presentation rate, transferred to hospital rate and referred to hospital rate. These rates provide insight into the usage of onsite health services, prehospital ambulance services. and hospital emergency department services.Within the literature, these rates are reported in a manner that is varied, haphazard and author dependent. This paper proposes moving away from an author-dependent practice of collection and reporting of data. An expert consensus approach is proposed as a means of further developing mass-gathering theory and moving beyond the current situation of reporting on individual case studies. To achieve this, a minimum data set with a data dictionary is proposed in an effort to generate conversation about a possible agreed minimum amount and type of information that should be collected consistently for research and evaluation at mass gatherings. Finally, this paper outlines future opportunities that will emerge from the consistent collection and reporting of mass-gathering data, including the possibility for meta-analysis, comparison of events across societies and modeling of various rates to inform health services.RanseJ, HuttonA. Minimum data set for mass-gathering health research and evaluation: a discussion paper. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;27(6):1-8.
Guided Preparedness Planning with Lay Communities: Enhancing Capacity of Rural Emergency Response Through a Systems-Based Partnership
Authors: McCabe O.Lee , Perry Charlene , Azur Melissa , Taylor Henry G. , Gwon Howard , Mosley Adrian , Semon Natalie , Links Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntroductionCommunity disaster preparedness plans, particularly those with content that would mitigate the effects of psychological trauma on vulnerable rural populations, are often nonexistent or underdeveloped. The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a model of disaster mental health preparedness planning involving a partnership among three, key stakeholders in the public health system.MethodsA one-group, post-test, quasi-experimental design was used to assess outcomes as a function of an intervention designated Guided Preparedness Planning (GPP). The setting was the eastern-, northern-, and mid-shore region of the state of Maryland. Partner participants were four local health departments (LHDs), 100 faith-based organizations (FBOs), and one academic health center (AHC)—the latter, collaborating entities of the Johns Hopkins University and the Johns Hopkins Health System. Individual participants were 178 community residents recruited from counties of the above-referenced geographic area. Effectiveness of GPP was based on post-intervention assessments of trainee knowledge, skills, and attitudes supportive of community disaster mental health planning. Inferences about the practicability (feasibility) of the model were drawn from pre-defined criteria for partner readiness, willingness, and ability to participate in the project. Additional aims of the study were to determine if LHD leaders would be willing and able to generate post-project strategies to perpetuate project-initiated government/faith planning alliances (sustainability), and to develop portable methods and materials to enhance model application and impact in other health jurisdictions (scalability).ResultsThe majority (95%) of the 178 lay citizens receiving the GPP intervention and submitting complete evaluations reported that planning-supportive objectives had been achieved. Moreover, all criteria for inferring model feasibility, sustainability, and scalability were met.ConclusionsWithin the span of a six-month period, LHDs, FBOs, and AHCs can work effectively to plan, implement, and evaluate what appears to be an effective, practical, and durable model of capacity building for public mental health emergency planning.McCabeOL, PerryC, AzurM, TaylorHG, GwonH, MosleyA, SemonN, LinksJM. Guided preparedness planning with lay communities: enhancing capacity of rural emergency response through a systems-based partnership. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2012;28(1):1-8.
Evaluation of food and beverage television advertising during children's viewing time in Spain using the UK nutrient profile model
Authors: Romero-Fernández Ma Mar , Royo-Bordonada Miguel Ángel , Rodríguez-Artalejo Fernando 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the nutritional quality of products advertised on television (TV) during children's viewing time in Spain, applying the UK nutrient profile model (UKNPM).DesignWe recorded 80 h of four general TV station broadcasts during children's viewing time in May and June 2008, and identified all advertisements for foods and beverages. Nutritional information was obtained from the product labels or websites and from food composition tables. Each product was classified as healthy (e.g. gazpacho, a vegetable juice) or less healthy (e.g. potato crisp snacks) according to the UKNPM criteria.SettingFour free-of-charge TV channels in Spain: two national channels and two regional ones.SubjectsTV commercials of food and beverages.ResultsA total of 486 commercials were broadcast for ninety-six different products, with a mean frequency of 5·1 advertisements per product. Some 61·5 % of the ninety-six products were less healthy, and the percentage was higher for foods (74·1 %). All (100 %) of the breakfast cereals and 80 % of the non-alcoholic drinks and soft drinks were less healthy. Of the total sample of commercials, 59·7 % were for less healthy products, a percentage that rose to 71·2 % during children's reinforced protection viewing time.ConclusionsOver half the commercials were for less healthy products, a proportion that rose to over two-thirds during the hours of special protection for children. This suggests that applying the UKNPM to regulate food advertising during this slot would entail the withdrawal of most food commercials in Spain. TV advertising of products with low nutritional quality should be restricted.
ON THE NUMBER OF LIMIT CYCLES IN PERTURBATIONS OF A QUADRATIC REVERSIBLE CENTER
Authors: WU JUANJUAN , PENG LINPING , LI CUIPING 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the bifurcation of limit cycles from a quadratic reversible system under polynomial perturbations. It is proved that the cyclicity of the period annulus is two, and also a linear estimate of the number of zeros of the Abelian integral for the system under polynomial perturbations of arbitrary degreenis given.
IRRATIONALITY AND NONQUADRATICITY MEASURES FOR LOGARITHMS OF ALGEBRAIC NUMBERS
Authors: MARCOVECCHIO RAFFAELE , VIOLA CARLO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLet 𝕂⊂ℂ be a number field. We show how to compute 𝕂-irrationality measures of a number ξ∉𝕂, and 𝕂-nonquadraticity measures of ξ if [𝕂(ξ):𝕂]>2. By applying the saddle point method to a family of double complex integrals, we prove ℚ(α)-irrationality measures and ℚ(α)-nonquadraticity measures of log α for several algebraic numbers α∈ℂ, improving earlier results due to Amoroso and the second-named author.
A Switch of Language: Elizabeth I's Use of the Vernacular as a Key to her Early Protestantism
Authors: Booth Ted W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractFrom childhood Elizabeth was trained in the ‘New Learning’ and brought up under Protestant influences. Her juvenilia attest to this immersion in Protestant and humanist education. The youthful Elizabeth often wrote formal Latin letters in the style of the mediaeval ars dictaminis replete with humanist and Protestant imagery. She continued this style of writing throughout her brother's reign. However, after Parliament passed the Act of Uniformity of 1549, Elizabeth stopped writing formal Latin letters to her brother and switched to formal English ones instead. This essay will argue that this switch was intentional on the part of Elizabeth; and set within the context of the time gives an early clue to Elizabeth's solidarity with her brother's Protestant efforts in England.