bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma Knife radiosurgery to four or more brain metastases in patients without prior intracranial radiation or surgery
Authors: Ojerholm Eric , Lee John Y. K. , Kolker James , Lustig Robert , Dorsey Jay F. , Alonso‐Basanta Michelle 
Published: February 2014

AbstractData on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for four or more metastases are limited. Existing studies are confounded by significant proportions of patients receiving prior whole‐brain radiation therapy (WBRT) or concurrent WBRT with SRS. Furthermore, published results disagree about the impact of tumor volume on overall survival. A retrospective review identified 38 patients without prior intracranial radiation or surgery who received Gamma Knife (GK) as sole treatment to ≥4 brain metastases in a single session. Twenty‐eight cases with follow‐up imaging were analyzed for intracranial progression. Prognostic factors were examined by univariate (log‐rank test) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazards model) analyses. Common primary tumors were non‐small cell lung (45%), melanoma (37%), and breast (8%). Cases were recursive partitioning analysis class II (94%) or III (6%). Patients harbored a median five tumors (range 4–12) with median total tumor volume of 1.2 cc. A median dose of 21 Gy was prescribed to the 50% isodose line. Patients survived a median 6.7 months from GK. Local treatment failure occurred in one case (4%) and distant failure in 22 (79%). On multivariate analysis, total tumor volume ≥3 cc was significantly associated with distant failure and worsened overall survival (P = 0.042 and 0.040). Fourteen patients (37%) underwent salvage WBRT at a median 10.3 months from GK and seven patients received repeat GK. GK as sole initial treatment for four or more simultaneous metastases spares some patients WBRT and delays it for others. Increased total tumor volume (≥3 cc) is significantly associated with worsened overall survival.
Working through challenges of subclavian, innominate, and aortic arch regions during transradial approach
Authors: Patel Tejas , Shah Sanjay , Pancholy Samir , Deora Surender , Prajapati Kiran , Coppola John , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: February 2014

ObjectivesThe aim of this review is to discuss different methods of working through subclavian, innominate, and aortic arch anatomical challenges to increase the success rate of transradial approach (TRA).BackgroundAnatomical challenges in the subclavian, innominate, and aortic arch regions are important reasons for failure of TRA. There is limited modern literature describing methods to overcome these challenges and reduce TRA failure.MethodsA number of primary subclavian, innominate, and aortic arch anatomical challenges are identified and management techniques to overcome them are discussed.ResultsSubclavian, innominate, and aortic arch anatomical challenges can be divided into five subsets, including (1) tortuosity, (2) loop, (3) stenosis, (4) congenital aberrancy, and (5) combined challenges. In depth discussion with supportive examples for the identification and management of these challenges are provided.ConclusionsDespite lower rates of bleeding and vascular complications as compared to transfemoral approach, the adoption of TRA has been relatively slow in part due to frustration from operator failure during the learning curve. Anatomical challenges of subclavian, innominate, and aortic arch regions play an important role in TRA procedural failure. Using a simple, conceptual, framework to classify the anatomical or functional problem and then applying a logical approach to these challenges can facilitate management and augment operator success rates for TRA. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gestational cortisol and social play shape development of marmosets' HPA functioning and behavioral responses to stressors
Authors: Mustoe Aaryn C. , Taylor Jack H. , Birnie Andrew K. , Huffman Michelle C. , French Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTBoth gestational cortisol exposure (GCE) and variability in postnatal environments can shape the later‐life behavioral and endocrine outcomes of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis. We examined the influence of GCE and social play on HPA functioning in developing marmosets. Maternal urinary cortisol samples were collected across pregnancy to determine GCE for 28 marmoset offspring (19 litters). We administered a social separation stressor to offspring at 6, 12, and 18 months of age, during which we collected urinary cortisol samples and behavioral observations. Increased GCE was associated with increased basal cortisol levels and cortisol reactivity, but the strength of this relationship decreased across age. Increased social play was associated with decreased basal cortisol levels and a marginally greater reduction in cortisol reactivity as offspring aged, regardless of offspring GCE. Thus, GCE is associated with HPA functioning, but socially enriching postnatal environments can alter the effects associated with increased fetal exposure to glucocorticoids. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 1229–1243, 2014.
Development of left/right asymmetry in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system: From zygote to postmitotic neuron
Authors: Hobert Oliver 
Published: February 2014

SummaryDespite their gross morphological symmetry, animal nervous systems can perceive and process information in a left/right asymmetric manner. How left/right asymmetric functional features develop in the context of a bilaterally symmetric structure is a very poorly understood problem, in part because very few morphological or molecular correlates of functional asymmetries have been identified so far in vertebrate or invertebrate nervous systems. One of the very few systems in which a molecular correlate for functional lateralization has been uncovered is the taste sensory system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is composed of a pair of bilaterally symmetric neurons, ASE left (ASEL) and ASE right (ASER). ASEL and ASER are similar in morphology, connectivity, and molecular composition, but they express distinct members of a putative chemoreceptor gene family and respond in a fundamentally distinct manner to taste cues. Extensive forward and reverse genetic analysis has uncovered a complex gene regulatory network, composed of transcription factors, miRNAs, chromatin regulators, and intercellular signals, that instruct the asymmetric features of these two neurons. In this review, this system is described in detail, drawing a relatively complete picture of asymmetry control in a nervous system. genesis 52:528–543, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear translocation of FGFR1 and FGF2 in pancreatic stellate cells facilitates pancreatic cancer cell invasion
Authors: Coleman Stacey J , Chioni Athina‐Myrto , Ghallab Mohammed , Anderson Rhys K , Lemoine Nicholas R , Kocher Hemant M , Grose Richard P 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPancreatic cancer is characterised by desmoplasia, driven by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Over‐expression of FGFs and their receptors is a feature of pancreatic cancer and correlates with poor prognosis, but whether their expression impacts on PSCs is unclear. At the invasive front of human pancreatic cancer, FGF2 and FGFR1 localise to the nucleus in activated PSCs but not cancer cells. In vitro, inhibiting FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs, using RNAi or chemical inhibition, resulted in significantly reduced cell proliferation, which was not seen in cancer cells. In physiomimetic organotypic co‐cultures, FGFR inhibition prevented PSC as well as cancer cell invasion. FGFR inhibition resulted in cytoplasmic localisation of FGFR1 and FGF2, in contrast to vehicle‐treated conditions where PSCs with nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 led cancer cells to invade the underlying extra‐cellular matrix. Strikingly, abrogation of nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs abolished cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach, where preventing nuclear FGF/FGFR mediated proliferation and invasion in PSCs leads to disruption of the tumour microenvironment, preventing pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
Processes for Production of Solar‐Grade Silicon Using Hydrogen Reduction and/or Thermal Decomposition
Authors: Yasuda Kouji , Morita Kazuki , Okabe Toru H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractHigh‐purity Si used for photovoltaic applications, namely, solar‐grade Si (SOG‐Si), is commercially manufactured using the Siemens process. Although the present levels of supply satisfy the demand, there can potentially be a shortage of SOG‐Si in the long term. To overcome the low productivity of the Siemens process, various types of SOG‐Si production/purification processes have been developed as post‐Siemens processes. Some processes are under development as new commercial processes. These processes can be classified into the following three categories: (1) hydrogen reduction and/or thermal decomposition of silane‐based gases in improved Siemens‐based processes, (2) metallothermic reduction of silicon halides by Zn or Al, and (3) upgrading metallurgical‐grade Si by employing metallurgical purification methods. This paper presents a review of various types of SOG‐Si production processes, particularly those based on the hydrogen reduction and/or thermal decomposition of halides and silane‐based gases. These processes are classified on the basis of Si compounds used and the reaction types; further, the features of these processes are also analyzed. Future prospects for the development of new high‐purity Si production process are also presented.
Highly Enriched Nickel‐63 Radionuclide for β‐Voltaic Nuclear Batteries
Authors: Bryskin B. , Pustovalov A. , Tsvetkov L. , Fedorov V. , Kostylev A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe requirements for nickel‐63 (Ni‐63) in β‐voltaic nuclear batteries were analyzed. For commercial use, the degree of Ni‐63 enrichment should in the range of 70–90 % instead of the currently available commercial product (18–20 % enrichment). Such a significant increase in the enrichment level would improve the energy conversion efficiency of the β‐particles by ten times. An industrial scheme for production of highly enriched Ni‐63 is proposed.
Keyhole‐3D phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography: A time‐resolved reconstruction method
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hoon , Hong Cheol‐Pyo , Lee Man‐Woo , Han Bong‐Soo 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, we studied the keyhole imaging technique to 3D Phase‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography (PC MRA) to improve its temporal resolution. Previously, our research group has already studied the 2D PC MRA combined with keyhole technique, and evaluated the applicability. For keyhole‐3D PC MRA, the keyhole factor was used from 12.5% to 50% of the full k‐space. With keyhole factors above 50%, the images were similar to the original image and the vessels in the brain were well observed. We believe the keyhole‐3D PC MRA will give some advantages for improving the temporal resolution of MR systems.
Performance analysis of EM, SVD, and SVM classifiers in classification of carcinogenic regions of medical images
Authors: Rajaguru Harikumar , Bojan Vinoth Kumar 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the performance analysis of Expectation Maximization (EM), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifiers for classification of carcinogenic regions from various medical images is carried out. Cancer detection is one of the critical issues where excessive care needs to be taken for better diagnosis. Any classifier needs to detect the cancer with respect to the efficiency in time of detection and performance. Due to these, three classifiers are selected: Expectation Maximization (EM), Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), and Support Vector Machines (SVM). EM classifier performs as the optimizer and SVD classifier performs as the dual class classifier. SVM classifier is used as both optimizer and classifier for multiclass classification procedure and for wide stage cancer detection procedures. The performance analysis of all the three classifiers are analyzed for a group of 100 cancer patients based on the benchmark parameter such as Performance Measures and Quality Metrics. From the experimental results it is evident, that the SVM classifier significantly outperforms other classifiers in the classification of carcinogenic regions of medical images.
Brain tumor severity analysis using modified multi‐texton histogram and hybrid kernel SVM
Authors: Jayachandran A. , Dhanasekaran R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance image (MRI) segmentation refers to a process of assigning labels to set of pixels or multiple regions. It plays a major role in the field of biomedical applications as it is widely used by the radiologists to segment the medical images input into meaningful regions. In recent years, various brain tumor detection techniques are presented in the literature. In this article, we have developed an approach to brain tumor detection and severity analysis is done using the various measures. The proposed approach comprises of preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. In preprocessing steps, we need to perform skull stripping and then, anisotropic filtering is applied to make image suitable for extracting features. In feature extraction, we have modified the multi‐texton histogram (MTH) technique to improve the feature extraction. In the classification stage, the hybrid kernel is designed and applied to training of support vector machine to perform automatic detection of tumor region in MRI images. For comparison analysis, our proposed approach is compared with the existing works using K‐cross fold validation method. From the results, we can conclude that the modified multi‐texton histogram with non‐linear kernels has shown the accuracy of 86% but the MTH with non‐linear kernels shows the accuracy of 83.8%.
fMRI analysis of excessive binocular disparity on the human brain
Authors: Kim Dongchan , Jung Yong Ju , Han Yeji , Choi Joonsung , Kim Eunwoo , Jeong BumSeok , Ro Yong Man , Park HyunWook 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to evaluate brain regions related with excessive binocular disparity that may be linked to stereoscopic visual fatigue. In stereoscopic displays, excessive binocular disparity may generate blurring or double vision in the stereovision and induce unnatural oscillations in accommodation and vergence. These phenomena may lead to visual fatigue and activation (or deactivation) of human brain related with sensory and eye movement functions. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) method is used to investigate the effect of excessive binocular disparity on human brain. Subjective assessments of visual fatigue are also conducted with the same stimuli as the fMRI experiment. Based on the subjective assessment results, participants are classified into low‐ and high‐fatigue groups. From the fMRI experiments, the high‐fatigue group showed more activation at the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) than the low‐fatigue group, when viewing an excessive disparity stimulus. The results showed that the excessive binocular disparity stimulus may induce overload to the IPS region, which is related with stereo processing and saccadic eye movement. In addition, it could be possible to use fMRI as an objective measurement method for understanding the stereoscopic visual fatigue when stimuli with excessive binocular disparity are applied.
Does Consumers' Feeling Affect Their Quality of Life? Roles of Consumption Emotion and Its Consequences
Authors: Lee Seonjeong (Ally) , Manthiou Aikaterini , Jeong Miyoung , Tang Liang (Rebecca) , Chiang Lanlung (Luke) 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEmphasizing the importance of attendees' consumption emotion, this study investigates the impact of festival attendees' consumption emotion on their psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, perceived quality of life and loyalty toward the festival. Structural equation modeling is used to test the dynamics of festival attendees' consumption behavior and its consequences. Results of this study indicate that festival attendees' emotional behavior has a positive relationship with their overall satisfaction, which is identified as a key predictor for their loyalty and quality of life. The study's theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed in detail along with its limitations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significant Reductions in Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Congolese Refugees Within 10 days of Transcendental Meditation Practice
Authors: Rees Brian , Travis Fred , Shapiro David , Chant Ruth 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis follow‐up pilot study tested whether Transcendental Meditation® (TM) practice would significantly reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress in Congolese refugees within 10 days after instruction. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian (PCL‐C) was administered to nonmatched waitlist controls from a previous study 3 times over a 90‐day period. Within 8 days of the third baseline measure, 11 refugees were taught TM, then retested 10 days and 30 days after instruction. Average PCL‐C scores dropped 29.9 points from 77.9 to 48.0 in 10 days, then dropped another 12.7 points to 35.3 at 30 days. Effect size at 10 days was high (d = 4.05). There were no adverse events. All participants completed the study and were able to practice TM.
Posttraumatic Stress and Stigma in Active‐Duty Service Members Relate to Lower Likelihood of Seeking Support
Authors: Blais Rebecca K. , Renshaw Keith D. , Jakupcak Matthew 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health concern for returning service members. Social support is a robust predictor of resiliency and recovery from PTSD; however, barriers to seeking support are understudied. PTSD and anticipated enacted stigma from family and friends were explored as correlates of the likelihood of seeking support among 153 Iraq/Afghanistan U.S. service members. Results showed that PTSD (r = −.31, p < .001) and anticipated enacted stigma (r = −.22, p ≤ .01) were negatively associated with likelihood of seeking support. Post hoc analyses showed that only dysphoria (r = −.32, p < .001) was significantly related to the likelihood of seeking support after accounting for anticipated enacted stigma and other PTSD clusters. Implications of these findings and ways to increase likelihood of seeking support are discussed.
Influence of small amounts of addition‐fragmentation capable monomers on polymerization‐induced shrinkage stress
Authors: Wydra James W. , Fenoli Christopher R. , Cramer Neil B. , Stansbury Jeffrey W. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of the addition of small amounts of multifunctional monomers that contain functional groups capable of undergoing addition‐fragmentation during radical polymerizations are investigated. Specifically, up to 6 wt % of phenyl trithiocarbonate (TTC)‐containing diacrylate was added to conventional thiol‐multiacrylate photopolymerizations where its addition led to up to 60% reduction in polymerization‐induced shrinkage stress. The higher levels of TTC achieve the lowest stress though they also significantly depress the polymerization rate. Using up to 0.5 wt % phenyl TTC successfully reduces the stress by nearly 20%, demonstrating the effectiveness of the phenyl TTC, while minimizing the influence that the RAFT activity of the TTC unit has on the polymerization rate. When the polymerization rates of the TTC‐containing resins are increased by changing the incident light intensity, complete acrylate conversion is achieved and the stress remains up to 40% lower in the TTC‐containing resins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 1315–1321
First principle studies of charge transport in PPV polymer under conformational deformation
Authors: Gomez‐Aguilar Ramon , Ortiz‐Lopez Jaime 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe consider the inclusion of torsional deformations in the structure of an infinite chain of poly‐p‐phenylene vinylene and study the consequences on charge transport along the polymer length. Calculations of the electronic transport are performed with density functional theory combined with Keldysh nonequilibrium Green's function method. Deformations are modeled either as a sharp rotation of the polymer backbone about a single chemical bond or as a continuous twist extending along various monomer units. We study current‐voltage (I‐V) characteristics in a two probe configuration as a function of angle and degree of torsional sharpness and demonstrate that when the backbone torsion is abrupt a barrier to electron transport builds up that becomes maximum at an angle of 100°. The outcome of our calculations is that the abrupt twist of the polymer backbone creates two virtually disconnected segments, which validates models that treat a real polymer as distribution of chains of different sizes and conjugation lengths. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 578–586
On the gauged Kähler isometry in minimal supergravity models of inflation
Authors: Ferrara S. , Fré P. , Sorin A.S. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this paper we address the question how to discriminate whether the gauged isometry group &#55349;&#56482;Σ of the Kähler manifold Σ that produces a D‐type inflaton potential in a Minimal Supergravity Model is elliptic, hyperbolic or parabolic. We show that the classification of isometries of symmetric cosets can be extended to non symmetric Σ.s if these manifolds satisfy additional mathematical restrictions. The classification criteria established in the mathematical literature are coherent with simple criteria formulated in terms of the asymptotic behavior of the Kähler potential &#55349;&#56486;(C) = 2 J(C) where the real scalar field C encodes the inflaton field. As a by product of our analysis we show that phenomenologically admissible potentials for the description of inflation and in particular α‐attractors are mostly obtained from the gauging of a parabolic isometry, this being, in particular the case of the Starobinsky model. Yet at least one exception exists of an elliptic α‐attractor, so that neither type of isometry can be a priori excluded. The requirement of regularity of the manifold Σ poses instead strong constraints on the α‐attractors and reduces their space considerably. Curiously there is a unique integrable α‐attractor corresponding to a particular value of this parameter.