bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of shallots to different rates of nitrogen grown in the lowland tropics of Cirebon Regency, West Java
Authors: Gunadi Nikardi , Harper Stephen , Adiyoga Witono 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a basic macronutrient required for plant growth and productivity. However, in Indonesian shallot production, there is a tendency to overuse nitrogen, leading to soil degradation and adverse environmental impacts. To address the impact of excessive nitrogen application, an experiment was carried out in a farmer’s field in Ciledug (12 m above sea level), Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia. The aim was to study the response of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) to different nitrogen rates in the lowland tropics. Seven different levels of nitrogen rates (0, 40, 80, 120, 160, 240 and 320 N kg ha−1) were applied in a random complete block design with four replications, using the shallot variety Bima. As nitrogen application increased, the amount of foliage, bulb, and overall nitrogen uptake increased, reaching the highest level at 320 kg N ha−1, with a total nitrogen uptake of 70 kg N ha−1. Despite the increase in yield with higher nitrogen application rates, the percentage of nitrogen absorbed by the crop decreased significantly. At the highest treatment yield (16.3 t ha−1 at 320 kg N ha−1), the difference between the nitrogen applied and the amount taken up by the crop was approximately 250 kg N ha−1, without considering the uptake of mineralized nitrogen provided by the soil. The fresh yield data was used to fit a quadratic regression model, which resulted in a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.963. It was found that the most effective maximum yield values occurred at approximately 240 kg N ha−1. There is a need for strategies to enhance nitrogen use efficiency in order to lower fertilizer expenses, enhance crop productivity, and minimize environmental impact.
Vertical axis turbine simulations based on sliding and overset meshes
Authors: Amaha Asmelash Haftu , Gopalakrishnan Shivasubramanian , Ramachandran Prabhu , Guerrero Joel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Vertical Axis Turbines (VATs) are gaining traction as decentralized energy sources due to their simple design and suitability for various wind conditions. However, understanding VAT aerodynamics requires robust computational methods. This study compares the accuracy and efficiency of two meshing techniques (sliding mesh and overset mesh) for VAT simulations using OpenFOAM. Validation against experimental data confirms the capability of both methods to capture flow physics and predict turbine performance. The results suggest both techniques offer efficient and accurate VAT simulations, providing valuable tools for future VAT optimization and experimental validation.
Law and Order
Authors: Vale Gina 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The imposed system of law and order in the Islamic State (IS) ‘caliphate’ relied upon the dominance and masculine performativity of its militants as rational, civilizing enforcers of societal morality and ‘justice’. With the group’s bureaucrats and law enforcement officers at the top of its societal hierarchy, IS cascaded responsibility and accountability of adherence to its regulations through its proto-state structure. From its senior leaders, to its active (male and female) members, and then to conforming and captive civilians, the group ensured that its ideals were internalized to produce and regulate a society ordered according to a gendered and ethnicized hierarchy. This chapter finds that rulings on social interactions, rights, and freedoms under IS are interwoven with conformity to gender ideals. Identity markers were co-constitutive of an individual’s position within the group’s hierarchy, eligibility for recognized ‘citizenship’, and entitlement to judicial leniency.
Surgical excision of umbilical endometriosis in Australia
Authors: Redler Toby Adrian , Williams Brielle , Lu Cu Tai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Endometriosis is characterised by endometrial tissue outside the confines of the endometrium in the uterus. Whilst commonly occurring in regions such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes, it is exceedingly uncommon for endometriosis to appear in the umbilical region. This condition may produce a painful and aesthetically unfavourable presentation for sufferers, and can be amendable to surgical excision of the lesion. This case outlines a very rare case of umbilical endometriosis that was managed by an Australian general surgical team.
House-roof Neoumbilicoplasty: Six-step Procedure for a Natural Navel
Authors: Cala Uribe Laura C. , Zannin Ferrero Andreina , Gómez Parra Natalia , Pérez Pachón Mauricio E. , Arbeláez Eslait Sergio A. , Lopez Torres Francisco 
Published: August 2024

Background:
The umbilicus significantly contributes to abdominal aesthetics, with its reconstruction often necessary after certain procedures like umbilical herniorrhaphy, laparotomies, and abdominoplasty. Neoumbilicoplasty techniques have evolved, addressing various issues through approaches like skin and cartilage grafts, and local flaps. We are reporting our technique for neoumbilicoplasty.

Methods:
This study describes a novel neoumbilicoplasty technique implemented in 90 patients (88 women, two men) who underwent lipoabdominoplasty between February 2021 and June 2023. Exclusion criteria included procedures unrelated to neoumbilicoplasty. Surgical steps involved precise marking, dissection, and suturing to create a natural umbilical hood. Patient satisfaction was measured using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale.

Results:
The mean age was 37.7 years, with pre- and postoperative anatomics of 24.9 kg per m² and 24.2 kg per m², respectively. The average surgery duration was 84 minutes. No major complications occurred, but minor complications included dehiscence (6%), granuloma (5%), superficial infection (2%), bruising (1%), seroma (1%), and flattening (8%). Most complications were resolved with minor interventions. Patient satisfaction was high, with 96% of patients and the surgeon expressing significant satisfaction.

Conclusions:
House-roof neoumbilicoplasty is an innovative technique designed to effectively restore abdominal aesthetics through straightforward steps and timing, combined with high-definition lipoabdominoplasty.
Effects of Rosa damascena on Labor Pain and Anxiety in Primiparous Women
Authors: Li Ying , Zhu Ying , Hu Qitao , Wang Jie , Li Qian 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Damask rose aromatherapy on pain and anxiety in primiparas during the incubation and latent periods of the first stage of labor. The study randomly divided participants into aroma, placebo, and control groups. The control group received daily care, while the aroma group received at least 30 minutes of aromatherapy. The placebo group received the same aromatherapy device as the aroma group but inhaled saline. Pain, anxiety, and uterine contractions were measured at enrollment and at 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Data from 76 participants were analyzed, and the results showed that the aroma group had lower anxiety and pain scores than the placebo and control groups at 60 and 120 minutes. Additionally, the effect gradually appeared and was maintained even with increased contractions. Damask rose aromatherapy can be used as a safe and effective adjuvant therapy for reducing the anxiety and pain of women in the latent period of labor.
Steroids and Cross-Linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial II: Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Prajna Venkatesh N. , Radhakrishnan Naveen , Lalitha Prajna S. , Rajaraman Revathi , Christy Josephine , Venugopal Anitha , Abdelrahman Sarah , Srinivasan Amrita , Varnado Nicole , Arnold Ben , Amescua Guillermo , Lietman Thomas M. , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer R. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
The Steroids and Cross-linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial is an NIH-funded international, randomized, double-masked, sham and placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the benefit of adjunctive corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and/or topical difluprednate in addition to topical antibiotic drops for treatment of smear-positive bacterial ulcers. The purpose of this study was to explore the baseline characteristics for infection of patients enrolled, and the ocular comorbidities of patients screened for inclusion.

Methods:
Of the 2005 patients with smear-positive bacterial ulcers screened, 280 patients were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize and characterize the data.

Results:
Eligible patients in India had baseline factors associated with agricultural work (N = 132; 47%) and manual labor (N = 54; 19%), whereas patients in the United States were associated with contact lens wear (N = 11; 69%) (P <0.001). Nearly, 10% of patients with unilateral infectious keratitis are at risk of bilateral blindness because of preexisting visual disability in their other eye and thus ineligible for inclusion. India had higher rates of exclusionary factors for blindness in the other eye such as cataract (N = 48; 27%) and glaucoma (N = 24; 13) compared with the United States (N = 0; 0%) (P <0.001).

Conclusions:
While corneal ulceration is an important cause of disability in technologically advanced countries, it occurs more frequently in low and middle-income countries, and the implications on these populations should be considered. These baseline factors can be evaluated to address such health care disparities.
Time and Cost Savings of Virtual Established Plastic Surgery Care Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing: Lessons from An Academic Clinic
Authors: Tang Sherry Y.Q. , Ganesh Kumar Nishant , Mirza Humza , Breuler Christopher J. , Squitieri Lee , Chung Kevin C. , Momoh Adeyiza O. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Various surgical subspecialties, including plastic surgery, have begun to embrace virtual clinic visits, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the impact of video visits on time optimization and cost incurred in outpatient plastic surgery clinics has not been studied.

Methods:
Using the time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) method, we examined the time and cost of in-person and virtual visits at an academic plastic surgery clinic. We formulated process maps for four visit types: physician-led in-person, physician assistant-led in-person, physician-led virtual, and physician assistant-led virtual. The time associated with each visit type was generated by direct observation. The cost associated with each visit type was calculated from representative salary information and estimation of resource costs.

Results:
Virtual visits took on average less time (25.3 minutes for physician-led visits and 24.4 minutes for physician assistant-led visits), compared to in-person visits (48.2 minutes for physician-led and 41.1 minutes for physician-assistant-led visits) (p<0.001). Virtual visits were also cheaper, at $52.80 for physician-led visits and $20.70 for physician assistant-led visits, compared to in-person visits ($261.13 for physician-led and $236.00 for physician assistant-led visits). Non-provider activities made up the majority of traditional in-person visits (75.7% of the visit for physician-led and 77.6% for physician assistant-led visits), which contributed to higher overall cost of in-person visits for both groups of providers.

Conclusions:
Virtual clinic visits can produce time and cost savings without reducing the amount of face-to-face time between providers and patients. Virtual visits can be a useful adjunct to traditional in-person visits.
Cheating and plagiarism in higher education: a systematic literature review from a global perspective, 2016–2024
Authors: Sozon Md , Pok Wei Fong , Sia Bee Chuan , Alkharabsheh Omar Hamdan Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis study examined the causes of cheating and plagiarism in higher education from a global perspective and developed strategies for reducing these behaviours.Design/methodology/approachThe study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis reporting guidelines to select 26 research articles published between 2016 and 2024.FindingsCheating and plagiarism are caused by laziness, time constraints, lack of confidence, difficult exams, excessive assignments, fear of poor grades, and motivation to achieve higher grades. However, students are often unaware of the effects these behaviours can have on their academic and professional careers. Therefore, in addition to regularly updating academic honour codes following national laws and regulations, higher education institutions need to introduce training programmes and workshops to raise students’ awareness of the negative consequences of cheating and plagiarism, enhance their writing skills, and promote positive attitudes.Practical implicationsThe study findings may assist policymakers and stakeholders in higher education institutions in deciding whether to implement academic integrity education programmes and modify honour codes following government laws and regulations. Additionally, this study contributes to the existing literature on cheating and plagiarism and will help higher education institutions address the root causes of these behaviours.Originality/valueThis study contributes valuable insights to the literature on cheating and plagiarism.
Sustainable cultural heritage management: a case study in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Ugong Nur Auni 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide the challenges and sustainability of Sarawak's cultural heritage and archaeotourism.Design/methodology/approachThe research method practiced is a qualitative descriptive approach using primary, secondary and field research sources.FindingsThe study found that the challenges faced by cultural heritage in Sarawak are the need for human resource expertise, research funding, documentation and reporting, aesthetic value and loss of sites, standard research procedures, bureaucratic processes, vandalism, natural threats, collection management and urbanization and modernization. Therefore, the proposed resolution to address the stated challenges is uniformity and professionalism, archaeotourism and public engagement.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size for this study may be limited due to the nature of the case study. The findings may not reflect the perspectives of all stakeholders involved in cultural heritage management in Sarawak. Future studies could use larger sample sizes to capture a more diverse range of perspectives.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of this study provide valuable insights for stakeholders involved in cultural heritage management, including government agencies, NGOs and local communities. By incorporating the findings into their practices, stakeholders can promote sustainable cultural heritage management and contribute to sustainable development.Social implicationsThe social implications of this study highlight the potential for cultural heritage management to contribute to social and economic development, community empowerment and the preservation of cultural identity and diversity. By incorporating the findings into their practices, stakeholders can promote inclusive and sustainable cultural heritage management practices that benefit local communities and contribute to the broader social and cultural fabric of society.Originality/valueThe originality and value of this study lie in its detailed and nuanced case study approach, interdisciplinary perspective, emphasis on sustainability and community involvement and practical recommendations for improving cultural heritage management practices.
The iSTEM Rope Model: defining integrated early childhood STEM education and its pedagogical linages to the Reggio Emilia-Inspired Approach
Authors: Hachey Alyse C. , Mehta Pratimaben J. 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThis paper discusses the implementation of integrated science, technology, engineering and mathematics (EC-iSTEM) education with children in birth-to-age 5 classrooms. It offers a conceptualization for EC-iSTEM, as well as a developmental trajectory in the form of the iSTEM Rope Model. It further highlights the intersection of EC-iSTEM education and the Reggio Emelia-Inspired Approach (RE-IA) as a lens for both viewing EC-iSTEM implementation with young children and as an area of needed research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a qualitative interpretive methodology, drawing from a wide array of theoretical and research literature on early childhood education and integrated STEM education.FindingsDespite growing research and policy reports that advocate for the inclusion of integrated STEM education in early childhood classrooms, today there is currently imprecision in understanding what exactly “integrated STEM” means when applied to the instruction of very young children. This suggests a need for the creation of a unifying conceptual framework, as well as finding alignment with currently known pedagogical approaches to ground the work of birth-to-age 5 teachers and researchers.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper proposes a new conceptualization of integrated STEM education for use in birth to age 5 classrooms, as well as a systhsis of the current literature to assess the pedagogical linkages between EC-iSTEM and RE-IA. As the proposed conceptualization offered in this paper is new and research in this area is nascent, further empirical investigation is warrented.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a new conceptualization of integrated STEM education for use in the early childhood education field. It further synthesizes the current literature to assess the pedagogical linkages between EC-iSTEM and RE-IA, suggesting practice implications for supporting the knowledge and skill development of young children from birth to age 5.
Disturbance and ecosystem management interact to shape reptile body condition
Authors: Macdonald K. J. , Doherty T. S. , Hradsky B. A. , Driscoll D. A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFire, invasive predators and low rainfall are key disturbances that interact to negatively impact wildlife. Reptiles are a highly threatened group, yet they have rarely been the focus of threat interaction research. Research assessing the impacts of disturbance on wildlife have typically focussed on changes in species richness and abundance. However, these metrics largely overlook the non‐lethal effects on individuals and populations persisting within disturbed landscapes. Body condition is an individual‐level response metric that is easily obtainable and provides insight into the cumulative behavioural and morphological changes within a population. We used a landscape‐scale natural experiment in southern Australia to investigate the impacts of prescribed fire severity, invasive red fox (Vulpes vulpes) control, low rainfall conditions and their interactive effects on reptile body condition. Low rainfall had pervasive negative effects on body condition, while prescribed fire had negative effects on the larger, viviparous species. We found a three‐way interactive effect, whereby the negative effects of fire and low rainfall were greater in areas where red foxes were controlled. These results indicate that there are complex ecological interactions at play, potentially including intra‐specific competition and interspecific interactions. Lower body condition in disturbed environments could have lasting implications for individual fitness and population persistence. For instance, species with lower body condition one‐year post‐fire could be more vulnerable to another fire event, compared to species that are able to maintain condition in post‐fire landscapes. With reptile body condition lower in a drier year, we advise minimising additional disturbance (e.g. avoid prescribed fires) during low rainfall years and drought periods. Along with research into ecological interactions, understanding how body condition indices relate to altered fitness is a priority knowledge gap. Such research could improve the ability to predict how species and populations will respond to future disturbances, a key challenge in wildlife disturbance research.
Reviving of Coenonympha oedippus: A comprehensive approach to the reintroduction of an endangered European butterfly
Authors: Čelik Tatjana , Kralj‐Fišer Simona , Šilc Urban , Küzmič Filip , Vreš Branko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we focus on Coenonympha oedippus, an endangered butterfly species protected under Annexes II and IV of the EU Habitats Directive. Predominantly inhabiting semi‐open wet grasslands across Europe, this species also occupies abandoned sub‐Mediterranean dry grasslands. Ecological distinctiveness in its habitat use is reflected in differences in larval host plants, wing morphology and genetic composition, resulting in two ecotypes: wet and dry.
Notably, by 2018, only one population of the wet ecotype survived in Slovenia, necessitating reintroduction as a critical strategy to avert its national extinction. Building on our conservation objectives, we implemented a 5‐year project (2018–2022) to develop protocols for source individual and substrate collection, ex situ breeding in semi‐natural conditions, thorough release and post‐release monitoring.
Our efforts included breeding from 18 females, yielding 754 eggs in a breeding house. From these, we successfully reared and released 460 individuals, comprising 419 pupae and 41 butterflies. The project culminated with promising outcomes: the reintroduced population exhibited an 87% growth rate, while the source population, following its last reinforcement, showed a 79% increase.
The project success can be attributed to a comprehensive understanding of species' ecological requirements and the establishment of a long‐term management plan. Key to our approach was adaptive management, which allowed for flexibility and refinement of protocols during implementation. Meticulous documentation and evaluation of all project activities were instrumental, culminating in the production of standardised annual reports. Additionally, the project was bolstered by strong collaboration among scientists, site managers, government agencies and national media.