bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Phase Transformations Near the Bonding Zone of Al/Cu Clad Manufactured by Explosive Welding / Zmiany Mikrostrukturalne I Fazowe W Pobliżu Strefy Połączenia Układu Warstwowego Al/Cu Wytworzonego Technologią Zgrzewania Wybuchowego
Authors: Paul H. , Lityńska-Dobrzyńska L. , Miszczyk M. , Prażmowski M. 
Published: June 2015

The structure near the interface of bimetallic strips strongly influences their properties. In this work, the interfacial layers of explosively welded aluminium and copper plates were investigated by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), equipped with a high resolution system for local orientation measurements (SEMFEG/EBSD), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM), equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDX) for the analysis of chemical composition changes.
The SEMFEG/EBSD-based local orientation measurements in the areas close to the interface, in both sheets, revealed fine-grained layers characterized by the clearly marked tendency of the copper-type rolling texture formation. The texture was described by an increased density of the orientations near the {112}<111>, {123}<634>and {110}<112>positions. The internal microstructure of the intermetallic inclusion is mostly composed of dendrites. The electron diffractions and the TEM/EDX chemical composition measurements in the intermetallic inclusions revealed only crystalline phases, both equilibrium and ’metastable’. Additionally, no significant regularity in the phase distribution with respect to the parent sheets was observed.
Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy in 69 small breed dogs using conically coupled 1.9/2.5 mm locking plates
Authors: Reif U. , Martini F. M. , Cosenza G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjective: To report clinical experiences with the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure in small breed dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease using specific, conically coupled, 1.9/2.5 mm locking plates and evaluating short-term complications and outcome.Methods: Medical records of small breed dogs (<15 kg) that underwent TPLO using 1.9/2.5 mm locking plates were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative, postoperative and six to eight weeks postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) measurements were determined from the radiographic images. Lameness evaluation was assessed subjectively preoperatively and six to eight weeks postoperatively.Results: Sixty-nine small breed dogs (n = 79 stifles) were included in the study. Mean (± SD) preoperative TPA was 29.0 ± 3.4°, postoperative TPA was 5.8 ± 2.5°, and six to eight weeks postoperative TPA was 7.3 ± 4.1°. Sixteen complications occurred in 12 out of 79 TPLO procedures: three were intra-operative (intra-articular screw placement) and 13 were postoperative complications, of which nine were identified as minor complications not requiring surgical reintervention, and four as major complications requiring additional surgical intervention, including tibial tuberosity fracture (n = 1), osteomyelitis (n = 1), screw failure (n = 1), and plate breakage (n = 1). Lameness scores by clinical assessment reduced from a median value of 3/4 preoperatively to 1/4 at six to eight weeks postoperatively.Clinical significance: 1.9/2.5 mm locking plates appear to be a valid choice of implant for the stabilization of unilateral TPLO in small breed dogs.
Ex vivo biomechanical comparison of barbed suture and standard polypropylene suture for acute tendon laceration in a canine model
Authors: Main R. P. , Moore G. E. , Breur G. J. , Millard R. P. , Duffy D. J. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectives: Evaluate performance and resistance to gap formation of a non-absorbable, barbed, monofilament suture, in comparison with a non-absorbable, smooth, monofilament polypropylene suture, in two different suture patterns: three-loop pulley (3LP) and modified Bunnell-Mayer (BM).Sample size: Seventy-two medium-sized cadaveric superficial digital flexor muscle tendon units.Methods: After manual transection and suture repair, individual specimens were placed in an electromechanical tensile testing machine and tested to monotonic failure using tensile ramp loading. Video data acquisition allowed evaluation of failure mode and quantification of gap formation.Results: Incidence of gap formation between tendon ends was significantly greater in tenorrhaphies repaired with barbed suture compared to those repaired with smooth polypropylene. Use of a 3LP suture pattern caused significantly less gapping between tendon ends when compared to the BM pattern.Conclusion: Smooth polypropylene suture was consistently superior in load performance than a unidirectional barbed suture. The 3LP pattern was more resistant than a BM pattern at preventing gap formation.Clinical significance: Smooth polypropylene should be recommended over barbed unidirectional suture for use in canine tendinous repair to provide increased resistance to gap formation. The 3LP is superior to the BM suture pattern, requiring significantly more force to cause tenorrhaphy gap formation and failure, which may translate to increased accrual of repair site strength and tendinous healing in clinical situations.
Proximo-distal patellar position in three small dog breeds with medial patellar luxation
Authors: Theyse L. F. H. , Hazewinkel H. A. W. , Wangdee C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIntroduction: Medial patellar luxation is thought to be associated with a high proximal position of the patella in the trochlear groove.Objective: To determine whether the ratio of patellar ligament length and patellar length (L:P) is influenced by the stifle angle (75°, 96°, 113°, 130°, and 148°) in small dog breeds and to compare the L:P ratio in dogs of three small dog breeds with and without medial patellar luxation.Methods: A mediolateral radiograph of the stifle joint was used to measure the L:P ratio in the stifle joints of dogs of three small breeds with and without medial patellar luxation. The L:P ratio was evaluated at five stifle angles (75°, 96°, 113°, 130°, and 148°) in 14 cadavers (26 stifle joints) of small dog breeds in order to identify the best stifle angle to measure the L:P ratio. Then the mean ± SD L:P ratio was calculated for normal stifles and stifles with medial patellar luxation grades 1, 2, and 3 in 194 Pomeranians, 74 Chihuahuas, and 41 Toy or Standard Poodles.Results: The L:P ratio was the same for all five stifle angles in the cadavers (p = 0.195). It was also not significantly different in the three breeds (p = 0.135), in normal and medial patellar luxation-affected stifles overall (p = 0.354), and in normal and medial patellar luxation-affected joints within each breed (p = 0.19).Clinical significance: We conclude that a proximo-distal patellar position is not associated with medial patellar luxation in Pomeranians, Chihuahuas, and Toy or Standard Poodles. Thus a longer patellar ligament length does not play a role in the pathophysiology of medial patellar luxation in these small dog breeds.
Construction d'une identité nationale biélorusse au prisme de la politique éducative
Authors: Zadora Anna 
Published: June 2015

Le présent article est consacré à la construction d’une identité nationale biélorusse à travers la politique éducative et, plus particulièrement, de l’enseignement scolaire de l’histoire. Nous insistons sur l’emploi de l’article indéfini devant le terme d’identité, car la mise en place des liens d’identification qui lient l’individu à différents groupes est toujours dynamique et plurielle. La production du sentiment d’adhésion à un groupe est souvent tributaire du travail d’identification opéré par l’État national à travers la politique éducative. En étudiant l’évolution de la politique éducative se rapportant aux disciplines majeures pour la construction identitaire, comme l’histoire nationale, nous analyserons l’éducation à l’identité dans le contexte biélorusse. Cette évolution est analysée à travers trois périodes de la politique éducative biélorusse : la période soviétique, la perestroïka et la période actuelle. Les transformations de la politique éducative, reflétées par les manuels scolaires et notamment dans les manuels scolaires d’histoire feront l’objet d’une analyse particulière. L’examen des résultats de recherches sociologiques récentes portant sur l’identification des Biélorusses confirme l’hypothèse du rôle majeur de la politique éducative dans la construction des liens d’identification entre les membres d’une nation.
Augustin, le sens et les sens. Réflexions sur le processus de spiritualisation du charnel dans l’Église médiévale
Authors: Méhu Didier 
Published: June 2015

L’histoire de l’Église médiévale est marquée par un processus de matérialisation du spirituel qui se caractérise notamment par la valorisation des édifices de culte, la légitimation de la valeur transitive des images manufacturées, la justification des possessions temporelles et la judiciarisation de l’institution ecclésiale. La période comprise entre le IX e et le XIII e siècle constitue une étape décisive dans ce processus, mais on peut le suivre dès l’âge de Constantin et l’observer encore au temps de la Contre-Réforme. Le présent article pose l’hypothèse d’un tournant théorique effectué par l’œuvre d’Augustin au début du V e siècle. En articulant de manière originale la dialectique charnel/spirituel ( caro/spiritus ) dans un sens non dualiste, l’évêque d’Hippone proposa une conception de l’homme et de la communauté impliquant la domination du charnel par le spirituel et une perspective eschatologique guidée par la spiritualisation du charnel. Il donna ainsi un nouveau sens (c’est-à-dire une direction et une signification) à l’être humain, qui assumait non seulement la tension entre le corps et l’esprit mais aussi la construction d’une communauté chrétienne inscrite dans le siècle. L’analyse approfondie de quelques œuvres d’Augustin datant des années 410-420 (Sermons sur l’Évangile de Jean, De Genesi ad litteram , De Trinitate , De civitate Dei ) permet de dégager les principaux concepts qui fondent sa vision de l’homme et de la société ( sensus, corpus, cor, visio, caro, spiritus, iter, homo viator , civitas , visio Dei ). Ces concepts nous semblent pouvoir être envisagés comme les fondements théoriques d’une structure sur laquelle l’Église médiévale s’est construite et a évolué. Nous proposons ainsi de considérer sous un angle à la fois structural et dynamique le double processus de matérialisation du spirituel et de spiritualisation du charnel qui a caractérisé le long millénaire médiéval.
Cassida viridis(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Palaearctic leaf beetle newly recorded from North America
Authors: Marshall Stephen A. , Paiero Steven M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Palaearctic leaf beetle speciesCassida viridisLinnaeus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is newly recorded from North America on the basis of recent observations of established populations onMonardaLinnaeus (Lamiaceae) plantings in an Ontario, Canada garden. Historical specimen records show that the species has been in Ontario at least since 1974.
L2Convergence of the Lattice Boltzmann Method for One Dimensional Convection-Diffusion-Reaction Equations
Authors: Junk Michael , Yang Zhaoxia 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCombining asymptotic analysis and weightedL2stability estimates, the convergence of lattice Boltzmann methods for the approximation of 1D convection-diffusion-reaction equations is proved. Unlike previous approaches, the proof does not require transformations to equivalent macroscopic equations.
Analytic Structure of the SCFT Energy Functional of Multicomponent Block Copolymers
Authors: Jiang Kai , Xu Weiquan , Zhang Pingwen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper concerns the analytic structure of the self-consistent field theory (SCFT) energy functional of multicomponent block copolymer systems which contain more than two chemically distinct blocks. The SCFT has enjoyed considered success and wide usage in investigation of the complex phase behavior of block copolymers. It is well-known that the physical solutions of the SCFT equations are saddle points, however, the analytic structure of the SCFT energy functional has received little attention over the years. A recent work by Fredrickson and collaborators [see the monograph by Fredrickson,The Equilibrium Theory of Inhomogeneous Polymers, (2006), pp. 203–209] has analysed the mathematical structure of the field energy functional for polymeric systems, and clarified the index-1 saddle point nature of the problem caused by the incompressible constraint. In this paper, our goals are to draw further attention to multicomponent block copolymers utilizing the Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation used by Fredrickson and co-workers. We firstly show that the saddle point character of the SCFT energy functional of multicomponent block copolymer systems may be high index, not only produced by the incompressible constraint, but also by the Flory-Huggins interaction parameters. Our analysis will be beneficial to many theoretical studies, such as the nucleation theory of ordered phases, the mesoscopic dynamics. As an application, we utilize the discovery to develop the gradient-based iterative schemes to solve the SCFT equations, and illustrate its performance through several numerical experiments takingABCstar triblock copolymers as an example.
Aprender a justificar científicamente a partir del estudio del origen de los seres vivos
Authors: Custodio Fitó Enric , Márquez Conxita , Sanmartí Neus 
Published: June 2015

Este trabajo presenta una investigación en relación al aprendizaje de las ciencias a partir de la escritura de textos justificativos sobre el origen de los seres vivos con alumnos de 14 años. Con el objetivo de promover que el alumnado escribiera mejores textos justificativos en clase de ciencias, se analizó en primer lugar el papel del aprendizaje integrado de los conceptos científicos (patrón temático) y de los textos justificativos (patrón estructural) y en segundo lugar la influencia de las actividades de evaluación entre iguales en este aprendizaje. Los resultados evidencian en primer lugar que, después de trabajar conjuntamente el patrón estructural y el patrón temático, los alumnos han escrito mejores textos justificativos desde el punto de vista formal a la vez que muestran una mayor comprensión de los conceptos científicos y, en segundo lugar, que las actividades de evaluación entre iguales han sido eficaces, ya que el número de alumnos que antes de las actividades de evaluación admitían la posibilidad de la generación espontánea o no daban razones para justificar su punto de vista se redujo a la mitad después de la evaluación entre iguales.
Las funciones de dos variables: análisis mediante los resultados del diálogo entre la teoría APOS y la TAD
Authors: Trigueros Maria , Martínez-Planell Rafael 
Published: June 2015

Este artículo considera una aplicación del diálogo entre las teorías APOS y TAD consideradas como praxeologías de investigación. Se presenta un ejemplo de diálogo partiendo de un problema de investigación relacionado con el aprendizaje de las funciones de dos variables. Después de la descripción de la investigación que condujo al diseño de una descomposición genética, se reformula el problema de investigación para hacer posible el diálogo. Se usan las aportaciones del diálogo desde el componente técnico-tecnológico como herramienta de análisis de un conjunto de actividades para determinar su pertinencia y viabilidad institucional.
El objeto tabla: un estudio epistemológico, cognitivo y didáctico
Authors: Estrella Soledad 
Published: June 2015

La investigación se enfoca en la tabla como objeto de aprendizaje a tratar en los primeros grados de la escuela. Primeramente desarrolla un estudio histórico epistemológico que esclarece los elementos constitutivos de la tabla, y se examina su estatus en el contexto escolar conforme al análisis exploratorio de datos. La Tesis provee lineamientos para el tratamiento de la tabla en el aula manteniendo altas demandas cognitivas, caracterizando de manera detallada representaciones semióticas y estructuras conceptuales teóricas subyacentes que emergen en el proceso de conceptualización de la tabla. La investigación deja en evidencia el estatus paramatemático de la tabla en el currículo nacional, que la relega a herramienta y no la considera un objeto de enseñanza, y dilucida la exigencia cognitiva que implica al alumno el estudio de la tabla, explorando una taxonomía tabular y una propuesta de enseñanza crítica, orientada al desarrollo de las competencias de representación y análisis de datos para la toma de decisiones.
Probing the transition between seismically coupled and decoupled segments along an ancient subduction interface
Authors: Angiboust Samuel , Kirsch Josephine , Oncken Onno , Glodny Johannes , Monié Patrick , Rybacki Erik 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe transition zone at the downdip end of seismic coupling along subduction interfaces is often the site of megathrust earthquake nucleation and concentrated postseismic afterslip, as well as the focus site of episodic tremor and slip features. Exhumed remnants of the former Alpine subduction zone found in the Swiss Alps allow analyzing fluid and deformation processes near the transition zone region (30–40 km paleodepth). The Dent Blanche Thrust (DBT) is a lower blueschist‐facies shear zone interpreted as a fossilized subduction interface where granitic mylonites overlie a metamorphosed accretionary wedge. We report field observations from the DBT region where multiple, several tens of meters thick foliated cataclastic networks are interlayered within the basal DBT mylonites. Petrological results and microstructural observations indicate that the various cataclasis events took place at near‐peak metamorphic conditions (400–500°C, 1.1–1.3 GPa) during subduction of the Tethyan seafloor in Eocene times (42–48 Ma). Some of these networks exhibit mutual crosscutting relationships between mylonites, foliated cataclasites, and vein systems indicating mutual overprinting between brittle deformation and ductile creep. Whole‐rock chemical compositions, in situ 40Ar‐39Ar age data of recrystallized phengite, and Sr isotopic signatures reveal that DBT rocks also underwent multiple hydrofracturing and metasomatic events via the infiltration of fluids mainly derived from the oceanic metasediments underneath the DBT. From the rock fabrics, we infer strain rate fluctuations of several orders of magnitude beyond subduction strain rates (∼10−12 s−1) accompanied by fluctuation of supralithostatic and quasi‐lithostatic fluid pressures (1 ≥ λ > 0.95). DBT brittle‐plastic deformation switches highlight the diversity of deformation processes and fluid‐rock interactions in the transition zone region of the subduction interface.
Hydrogen and 40Ar/39Ar isotope evidence for multiple and protracted paleofluid flow events within the long‐lived North Anatolian Keirogen (Turkey)
Authors: Boles Austin , van der Pluijm Ben , Mulch Andreas , Mutlu Halim , Uysal I. Tonguç , Warr Laurence N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a new approach to identifying the source and age of paleofluids associated with low‐temperature deformation in the brittle crust, using hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of authigenic illite in clay gouge‐bearing fault zones. The procedure involves grain‐size separation, polytype modeling, and isotopic analysis, creating a mixing line that is used to extrapolate to δD and age of pure authigenic and detrital material. We use this method on samples collected along the surface trace of today's North Anatolian Fault (NAF). δD values of the authigenic illite population, obtained by extrapolation, are −89 ± 3‰, −90 ± 2‰, and −97 ± 2‰ (VSMOW) for samples KSL, RES4‐1, and G1G2, respectively. These correspond to δD fluid values of −62‰ to −85‰ for the temperature range of 125°C ± 25°, indistinguishable from present‐day precipitation values. δD values of the detrital illite population are −45 ± 13‰, −60 ± 6‰, and −64 ± 6‰ for samples KSL, G1G2, and RES4‐1, respectively. Corresponding δD fluid values at 300°C are −26‰ to −45‰ and match values from adjacent metamorphic terranes. Corresponding clay gouge ages are 41.4 ± 3.4 Ma (authigenic) and 95.8 ± 7.7 Ma (detrital) for sample G2 and 24.6 ± 1.6 Ma (authigenic) and 96.5 ± 3.8 Ma (detrital) for sample RES4‐1, demonstrating a long history of meteoric fluid infiltration in the area. We conclude that today's NAF incorporated preexisting, weak clay‐rich rocks that represent earlier mineralizing fluid events. The samples preserve at least three fluid flow pulses since the Eocene and indicate that meteoric fluid has been circulating in the upper crust in the North Anatolian Keirogen since that time.
Southern Annular Mode and westerly‐wind‐driven changes in Indian‐Atlantic exchange mechanisms
Authors: Loveday B. R. , Penven P. , Reason C. J. C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe dynamical link between the Indian Ocean and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) remains poorly understood. This partly arises from the complex Agulhas leakage, which occurs via rings, cyclones, and non‐eddy flux. Hindcast simulations suggest that leakage has recently increased but have not decomposed this signal into its constituent mechanisms. Here these are isolated in a realistic ocean model. Increases in simulated leakage are attributed to stronger eddy and non‐eddy‐driven transports, and a strong warming and salinification, especially within Agulhas rings. Variability in both regimes is associated with strengthening Indian Ocean westerly winds, reflecting an increasingly positive Southern Annular Mode. While eddy and non‐eddy flux signals are tied through turbulent eddy dissipation, the ratio between the two varies decadally. Consequently, while altimetry suggests a recent increase in retroflection turbulence and implied leakage, non‐eddy flux may also play a significant role in modulating the leakage AMOC connection.
Haze Days in North China and the associated atmospheric circulations based on daily visibility data from 1960 to 2012
Authors: Chen Huopo , Wang Huijun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHaze is a severe hazard that greatly influences traffic and daily life with great economic losses and threats to human health. To enhance understanding of the haze occurrences, this study examined the haze variations over North China and their associated atmospheric circulations for the period of 1960–2012 using daily visibility data. Results indicate that the haze events over this region primarily occur in boreal winter of year and mainly in the morning of day. The results of the analysis of the long‐term variations indicate that the annual haze days were relatively few in the 1960s but increased steeply in the 1970s and have remained stable to the present. Some differences are obvious among seasons. A stably increasing trend is discernable in summer and autumn, relatively low in the 1960s and the 1990s–2000s and relatively high in the 1970s–1980s in spring and winter. Haze variations in urban regions are quite similar to haze variations in rural regions but with more haze days in urban regions because of the high aerosol emissions. Further analyses indicate that the occurrences of severe haze events in boreal winter generally correlate with the weakened northerly winds and the development of inversion anomalies in the lower troposphere, the weakened East Asian trough in the midtroposphere, and the northward East Asian jet in the high troposphere. All of these factors provide a favorable atmospheric background for the maintenance and development of haze events in this region.