bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endocrine disruptors: Can it be the missing link explaining the diabetes epidemic in India?
Authors: Dutta Deep , Khadgawat Rajesh 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIndia is the diabetes capital of the world with an exponential increase in diabetes prevalence in the last few decades. It may not be just a simple co-incidence that the global increase in diabetes is associated with an exponential increase in industrial chemical output. Literature searches through PubMed, Medline and Embase for articles published until July 2014 evaluating link between endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and diabetes was done. This review observed that a large volume of data is available from preclinical studies implicating commonly used synthetic compounds in the pathogenesis of diabetes. EDCs have been demonstrated to interact with almost all the steps of insulin homeostasis starting from its synthesis to its signaling and action. Bisphenol-A, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorod-ibenzo-dioxin (TCDD)/dioxin, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), persistent organic pollutants, diethylhexylphthalate, cadmium and arsenic are some of the important EDCs which interfere with a maximal number of pathways of insulin homeostasis. However data from humans establishing the causality lacks from across the globe, with maximal data available from bisphenol-A and TCDD from USA. Their evaluation among Indians, especially with regards to dysglycemia, insulin resistance and beta cell function is non-existent, thus warranting urgent research in this area.
Dead in bed syndrome: Mystery and fear
Authors: Poudel Resham , Kafle Nisha , Belbase Bipin , Kafle Pradip 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDead in bed (DIB) syndrome is a poorly understood cause of sudden and mysterious death in young people with type 1 diabetes on insulin therapy. Severe nocturnal hypoglycemia with unawareness is the most plausible mechanism which precipitates fatal arrhythmia in the vulnerable individual. Avoiding recurrent hypoglycemic episodes; screening for proarrhythmic condition in high-risk people with positive family history; and using real-time continuous glucose monitoring device in those with nighttime hypoglycemia and hypoglycemia unawareness can help to reduce the incidence of this deadly condition.
We′ve come this far by faith: Faith and spirituality as a facilitator to self-care management of type 2 diabetes among African-American men
Authors: Sherman Ledric 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Purpose: To explore and understand how the church, faith, and spirituality plays a role in type 2 diabetes management among African-American men (AA men). Materials and Methods: Participants (n = 19) were AA men ages 35-69 years, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Participants were recruited via community outreach efforts, including barbershops and churches located in predominantly African-American communities in southeast US. Upon the consent, individual interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and subsequently transcribed. Transcripts were analyzed using a phenomenological approach, and focused on identifying common themes among the descriptions of AA men′s experiences specific to type 2 diabetes. Results: Overall the participants from the present study stated that their faith in God as well as attending church does help them in their daily diabetes management. Interestingly, 2 of the 19 participants chose not to answer the faith and spirituality questions and 1 of the 19 stated that his faith was nonexistent. Conclusions: Diabetes self-management may be facilitated by incorporating the spiritual beliefs and virtues of AA men living with the illness. Little is still known, in general, about the process of how spirituality affects self-management of chronic illness. Further research should also focus on faith-based diabetes education among diabetics of all ethnic backgrounds.
Cultural determinants: Addressing barriers to holistic diabetes care
Authors: Sachdeva Sandeep , Khalique Najam , Ansari M. , Khan Zulfia , Mishra Sunil , Sharma Gaurav 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background: Cultural beliefs and traditional practices nearly affect all aspects of diabetes care. Therefore, understanding its broader cultural context can serve as important background information for effective care for diabetes. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study to explore the cultural determinants in diabetes care and to propose a broad theoretical framework for cultural assessment in persons with diabetes. Explanatory Model Interview Catalog interviews of 25 diabetes persons were conducted. Results: We found that perception about diabetes is influenced by tradition, customs and ethos. Diabetes does not show early signs and therefore symptoms are usually ignored until they interfere with their day-to-day living. Following dietary advice was the most difficult part of diabetes care due to varied cultural barriers. Due to cultural reasons, diabetes is still not assigned due priority by the family. Health illiteracy and cost of care were important barriers for seeking care. Diabetics taking conventional treatment often used complementary treatment, which may be hazardous. Language was also considered a barrier for effective diabetes care. Females struggle more for receiving appropriate care for their diabetes due to social and cultural factors. Conclusion: Cultural assessment needs to be done at various stages - initial assessment, identification of cultural issues in care, planning for culturally relevant intervention and evaluation. This calls for focused elements relevant to the presenting problem, necessary intervention, and participatory evaluation. Cultural values, beliefs, customs, and family patterns may be used as clues for planning diabetes care. Such interventions are likely to bear significant impact on diabetes care in times to come.
Medication adherence and determinants of non-adherence among south Indian diabetes patients
Authors: Medi Ravi , Mateti Uday , Kanduri Krishna , Konda Shiv 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the adherence and determinants of non-adherence among diabetes patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observation study was conducted for a period of six months in both inpatients and outpatients of diabetic clinic at a super speciality hospital. The structured medication adherence questionnaire (MAQ) was administered to the eligible diabetic patients to assess the adherence rate and determinants of non-adherence. Results: During the study period, a total of 140 patients were enrolled. Out of 140 patients, most of them were females (n = 79, 56.57%), than males (n = 61, 43.57%). Among them (n = 49, 35%) patients were in the age group greater than or equal to 61 years followed by (n = 42, 30%) patients between 51-60 years and others. The overall medication adherence rate was found to be 47.85%. The main factors for non-adherence were lack of finance (n = 43, 55.84%), forgetfulness (n = 36, 46.75%), being busy (n = 34, 44.15%), medicines inaccessibility (n = 15, 19.48%) and others. Conclusion: The overall medication adherence rate was found to be unsatisfactory. The main challenging factors affecting medication adherence were lack of finance, forgetfulness, being busy, medicines inaccessibility and side effects of drugs.
Discrimination and diabetes: Insight from the second Diabetes Attitudes Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Baruah Manash 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe second diabetes attitudes wishes and needs 2 (DAWN 2) study describes various facts of living with diabetes, including barriers to, and facilitators of effective psychosocial care. One of the issues studied by DAWN2 is the phenomenon of discrimination, as viewed by persons with diabetes, family members of persons with diabetes, and health care professionals. This brief communication discusses the high prevalence of discrimination against people with diabetes, as reported by DAWN2.
Psychosocial management of diabetes: Role of diabetes educator
Authors: Bhutani Jaikrit , Bhutani Sukriti , Gupta Yashdeep 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDespite of the evident need for psychosocial competence and sensitivity in diabetes care professionals, this field remains sub optimally described in both International Diabetes Federation/American Diabetes Association and National Diabetes Educator Program curricula. This unfortunate omission is formidable challenge for diabetes care and poses an urgent need to amend existing curricula for training of diabetes educators (DEs). Diabetes education programs have exhaustively described the hard skills and also mention the importance of behavioral change, communication skills and cultural competence, yet soft skills of addressing psychosocial concerns have been given a Cinderella treatment. Diabetes educator (DE) has to be professional, personal and like a family member to patient forming a valuable link between treating clinician and the people with diabetes (PwD). Looking at the gap and the future aspects, a universal approach of sensitization which includes both the beneficiary and policy makers has to be adopted. Better description and importance of psychosocial aspects of diabetes have to be included in the curricula for DE training.
The role of celebrity diets versus medical nutrition therapy in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Scrivens Sandra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWith global obesity affecting 475 million people worldwide, the continued popularity of celebrity or fad diets is not surprising. Evidence for their sustainability and long-term positive benefits on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk is, however, limited. Modest weight loss of 5-10% in overweight or obesity is associated with improvements in blood lipids, glycemia, and insulin resistance. As overweight and obesity are the main risk factors for Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), medical nutrition therapy based on a balanced, reduced total energy diet, tailored to the individual, is recommended by the American Diabetes Association, Diabetes UK and transcultural diabetes-specific nutrition algrorithm (tDNA) guidelines.
The role of elasticity in slab bending
Authors: Fourel Loic , Goes Saskia , Morra Gabriele 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPrevious studies showed that plate rheology exerts a dominant control on the shape and velocity of subducting plates. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the role of elasticity in slab bending, using fully dynamic 2‐D models where an elastic, viscoelastic, or viscoelastoplastic plate subducts freely into a purely viscous mantle. We derive a scaling relationship between the bending radius of viscoelastic slabs and the Deborah number, De, which is the ratio of Maxwell time over deformation time. We show that De controls the ratio of elastically stored energy over viscously dissipated energy and find that at
, substantially less energy is required to bend a viscoelastic slab to the same shape as a purely viscous slab with the same intrinsic viscosity. Elastically stored energy at higher De favors retreating modes of subduction via unbending, while trench advance only occurs for some cases with
. We estimate the apparent Deborah numbers of natural subduction zones and find values ranging from
to > 1, where most zones have low
, but a few young plates have De > 0.1. Slabs with
either have very low viscosities or they may be yielding, in which case our De estimates may be underestimated by up to an order of magnitude, potentially pointing towards a significant role of elasticity in
of the subduction zones. In support of such a role of elasticity in subduction, we find that increasing De correlates with increasing proportion of larger seismic events in both instrumental and historic catalogues.
Medical reversal of chronic sinusitis in a cystic fibrosis patient with ivacaftor
Authors: Chang Eugene H. , Tang Xiao Xiao , Shah Viral S. , Launspach Janice L. , Ernst Sarah E. , Hilkin Brieanna , Karp Philip H. , Abou Alaiwa Mahmoud H. , Graham Scott M. , Hornick Douglas B. , Welsh Michael J. , Stoltz David A. , Zabner Joseph 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundChronic sinusitis is universal in cystic fibrosis (CF) and our current treatments are ineffective in reversing sinus disease. The objective of this work was to determine if increasing CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) activity by ivacaftor could treat CF sinus disease and assess its effect on primary sinus epithelial cultures.MethodsCase report of 1 patient with long‐standing chronic sinus disease and a new diagnosis of CF with a mild mutation (P205S) and a severe mutation (G551D). We discuss clinical changes in symptoms, radiographic findings, nasal potential difference testing, and nasal pH values before and after treatment with ivacaftor. We then developed primary sinonasal epithelial cell cultures from a biopsy of the patient to determine changes in airway surface liquid (ASL) pH and ASL viscosity after ivacaftor treatment.ResultsIvacaftor treatment reversed CT findings of CF sinus disease, increased nasal voltage and pH, and resolved sinus symptoms after 10 months of therapy. Ivacaftor significantly increased ASL pH and decreased ASL viscosity in primary airway cultures.ConclusionThis report documents the reversal of CF sinus disease. Based on our in vivo and in vitro results, we speculate that ivacaftor may reverse CF sinusitis by increasing ASL pH and decreasing ASL viscosity. These studies suggest that CFTR modulation may be effective in treating CF and perhaps non‐CF sinusitis.
Temporal lobe impairment in West syndrome: Event‐related potential evidence
Authors: Werner Klaus , Fosi Tangunu , Boyd Stewart G. , Baldeweg Torsten , Scott Rod C. , Neville Brian G. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThis study investigates auditory processing in infants with West syndrome (WS) using event‐related potentials (ERPs).MethodsERPs were measured in 25 infants with mainly symptomatic WS (age range = 3–10 months) and 26 healthy term infants (age range = 3–9 months) using an auditory novelty oddball paradigm. The ERP recordings were made during wakefulness and repeated in stage II sleep.ResultsThe obligatory components (P150, N250, P350) and novelty response components (P300, Nc) were recordable during both sleep and wakefulness in patients and controls. All ERP latencies decreased with age in controls but not in the WS group (age × group interaction, F = 22.3, p < 0.0001). These ERP latency alterations were not affected by pharmacological treatment for WS.InterpretationThis study demonstrated a persistently altered ERP signature in patients with a recent history of infantile spasms. The prolongation of auditory obligatory and novelty ERPs in WS patients indicates a severe failure of temporal lobe maturation during infancy. It remains to be investigated whether this predicts long‐term cognitive impairments characteristic for this epileptic encephalopathy. ANN NEUROL 2015;77:47–57
Eine mehrfach funktionalisierte Basen‐koordinierte GeII‐Verbindung und ihre reversible Dimerisierung zum Digermen
Authors: Jana Anukul , Huch Volker , Rzepa Henry S. , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStabile Verbindungen mit GeGe‐Bindung werden üblicherweise unter relativ harschen Reaktionsbedingungen hergestellt, die mit vielen funktionellen Gruppen inkompatibel sind. Insbesondere werden ungesättigte Funktionalitäten wegen ihrer hohen Reaktivität gegenüber niedrigkoordinierten Germaniumverbindungen nicht toleriert. Wir berichten nun über die Synthese einer iminofunktionalisierten, durch Koordination eines N‐heterocyclischen Carbens (NHC) stabilisierten Germanium(II)‐Spezies durch Reaktion eines Isonitrils mit einem schweren NHC‐koordinierten Vinyliden. Die Entfernung des NHC mit einer Lewis‐Säure resultiert in Dimerisierung zum entsprechenden Digermen mit GeGe‐Bindung. Die Reversibilität dieses Prozesses wird durch Zugabe von zwei Äquivalenten NHC zum isolierten Digermen nachgewiesen.
A Multiply Functionalized Base‐Coordinated GeII Compound and Its Reversible Dimerization to the Digermene
Authors: Jana Anukul , Huch Volker , Rzepa Henry S. , Scheschkewitz David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStable compounds with a GeGe bond are usually prepared under relatively harsh reaction conditions that are incompatible with many functional groups. In particular, unsaturated functionalities are not tolerated owing to their facile reaction with low‐coordinate germanium compounds. We now report the synthesis of an imino‐functionalized germanium(II) species, stabilized by coordination of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC), by reaction of an isonitrile with a heavier NHC‐coordinated vinylidene. Removal of the NHC by a Lewis acid results in dimerization to the corresponding digermene with a GeGe bond. The reversibility of this process is demonstrated by addition of two equivalents of NHC to the isolated digermene.
Synergistic effect of dopant combination and switchover in formation mechanism of polyaniline nanowire
Authors: Bhandari Subhendu , Khastgir Dipak 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSelf‐assembled polyaniline (PAni) was synthesized electrochemically in dimethylformamide medium to study the effect of simultaneous use of organic–inorganic dopant combination in aprotic polar synthesis medium. During the synthesis process, simultaneous dual doping was performed using p‐toluenesulfonic acid and sulfuric acid with varying the ratio of the dopants keeping their total concentration unchanged. Nanowire meshes were formed where switchover in nanostructure formation is observed. Nanowire in individually doped PAni was formed with directional joining of smaller nanoparticles or from multilayered tubular nanostructures whereas, for dual doped PAni, either of these two was observed. Periodicity parallel and perpendicular to polymer chain were found in well correlation with diameter of nanowires. Synergistic improvements in AC conductivity, specific capacitance, and thermal degradation within certain temperature range were observed in particular ratio of the dopants. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41520.
Development of dense films from Melia azedarach polysaccharides
Authors: Masuelli Martín A. , García M. Guadalupe , Marchese José , Ochoa Nelio A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to prepare dense films from polysaccharides extracted from Melia azedarach (MA) to be used e.g. in agricultural industry. Crosslinking of MA films with glutaraldehyde (Glu) through immersion method were performed. Structural features of films were elucidated by FTIR and XRD analysis. The influence of crosslinking in mechanical properties, water uptake and water vapor permeation was evaluated. Results showed neat Melia azedarach film presented high elongation and elastic modulus. Hydroxyl functional groups present in MA were reacted with glutaraldheyde to render a crosslinked matrix. It was observed through FTIR analysis that OH band reduces intensity due to the formation of acetal linkage, as the crosslinking time increases. XRD evidenced structural changes in MA arrangement with the crosslinking time. Chemical crosslinking during 12 h and 24 h rendered insoluble but less deformable films. Water uptake and water vapor permeability were reduced as the crosslinking time increased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41624.
A Template‐matching Approach Combining Morphometric Variables for Automated Mapping of Charcoal Kiln Sites
Authors: Schneider Anna , Takla Melanie , Nicolay Alexander , Raab Alexandra , Raab Thomas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAnalysing the spatial distribution of anthropogenic relief structures can contribute to the understanding of past land‐use systems. With automated mapping routines, small relief forms can be detected efficiently from high‐resolution digital terrain models (DTMs). In this study, we describe an approach for the automated mapping of charcoal kiln sites from an airborne laser‐scanning DTM. The study site is located north of Cottbus, Germany, where an exceptionally large historic charcoal production field has been documented in previous archaeological surveys. The goal of this study was to implement, evaluate and improve an automated GIS‐based routine for mapping these features based on the template‐matching principle. In addition to the DTM, different morphometric variables were evaluated for their suitability to detect kiln sites. The mapping results were validated against a comprehensive database of kiln sites recorded from archaeological excavations and via manual digitization. The effects of irregular kiln‐site geometry and DTM noise were evaluated using synthetic DTMs. The results of the synthetic DTM mapping show that the template‐matching results differed depending on the morphometric variable used for the mapping process. In accordance with this observation, a validation of the mapping procedure for the field site suggests that feature mapping can be improved. In particular, the number of false detections can be reduced using a combination of morphometric variables. For the validation area, the kiln sites with diameters of at least 10 m were mapped using the automated routine, with detection rates that were close to those of manual digitization. Therefore, the described method can considerably facilitate the mapping and distribution analysis of kiln sites or similar small relief forms that are prominent in a specific landscape. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CORONA Photographs in Monsoonal Semi‐arid Environments: Addressing Archaeological Surveys and Historic Landscape Dynamics over North Gujarat, India
Authors: Conesa Francesc C. , Madella Marco , Galiatsatos Nikolaos , Balbo Andrea L. , Rajesh S. V. , Ajithprasad P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere we illustrate a ground map approach that uses orthorectified CORONA KH4B images and declassified topographical maps to study historical land‐use dynamics and to help planning archaeological survey in the monsoonal semi‐arid alluvial plains of North Gujarat, India. In spite of its generalized use in archaeological applications, CORONA photographs have rarely been used in Indian archaeological contexts. The methods discuss a cost‐effective and integrated protocol for: (i) obtaining ground control points (GCPs) and orthorectify CORONA photographs when very high‐resolution imagery or detailed topographic maps are not available; and (ii) evaluating the integration of declassified datasets into Google Earth Pro for addressing archaeological surveys in remote areas. The merging of CORONA imagery with declassified USA and the former USSR historical military maps provided a picture of the human–environment interaction in North Gujarat of the past 40 years, prior to the intense development of mechanical agriculture and regional irrigation channels. We conclude by identifying the human and climate‐induced taphonomical processes that are obliterating a fragile landscape characterized by archaeological scatters located in fossilized sand dunes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.