bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the LEBT based neutron source
Authors: Weissman L. , Kreisel A. , Shor A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Neutron generation by implantation and subsequent beam
interaction of 40 keV deuterons at Soreq Applied Research
Accelerator Facility (SARAF) low energy beam transport (LEBT)
section was measured and characterized. The generation of 2.45 MeV
neutrons by a deuteron beam of several mA was verified by a neutron
spectrometer. Relative neutron yields were studied as a function of
beam energy and beam spot size using two types of available
implantation surfaces. The buildup of neutron yield was studied at
long and short time scales. Absolute neutron yield was measured via
activation at several conditions. The maximum neutron yield that
could be obtained at the SARAF LEBT is of the order of
107 n/s, which presents a convenient source for testing
neutron instrumentation in DC or pulsed mode.
Effect of H2O2 Catalyst on The Ozonation Process of Sugar Palm Fruit Flour (Arenga pinnata Merr.)
Authors: Handayani P A , Nethania J E , Triaji D H K , Rengga W D P , Wulansarie R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sugar palm fruit is a functional food ingredient but its utilization is hindered by its high-water content, that affects its shape and color. To address this issue, an innovation solution emerged to process it into flour to extend shelf life. The sugar palm fruit flour exhibiting a brownish color and whiteness degree (L*) below 80 indicate a deviation from flour standards. Hence, bleaching is needed to enhance flour whiteness. This bleaching procedure involves ozonation with varying H2O2 concentrations (2%, 3%, and 4%) over durations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes and the ratio of water:flour used was in the range of 24:1, 27:1, and 30:1 (wt/wt). Following ozonation, the slurry is separated from water using a centrifuge, then dried in a 60°C incubator until dry, followed by grinding and sieving through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain fine flour. Results were assessed for whiteness degree (L*) and analysed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimal treatment achieved 80.086 whiteness degree (L*), 24.277:1 (wt/wt) ratio of water:flour, and 85.227 minutes ozonation, and 3.841% H2O2 concentration. Proximate analysis showed 65.07% carbohydrate, 2.20% protein, 0.59% fat, 17.40% crude fiber, 13.89% water, and 0.84% ash. The 2nd order polynomial equation is obtained Y = 79,21 − 1,91x1 + 1,38x3.
Analysis of Rigid Pavement Design with Micropile Foundation
Authors: Mukti Dimas Andaru , Setyawan Ary , Setiawan Bambang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Micropile is a foundation technology that can be used on rigid pavement constructions that have soft soil foundations with low soil bearing capacity. Deflections and moments that occur on rigid pavements are analyzed with the addition of micropile foundations and without using micropiles. Loading is simulated with a semi-trailer truck, the first loading is on the edge of the plate and the second is in the middle of the plate. The largest deflection value occurs with the results of testing with the micropile placing the load on the edge of 0.3879 mm, and the plate without using a micropile shows a result of 0.4145 mm while the maximum limit for concrete deflection is 0.4 mm so that loading without using a micropile exceeds the deflection capacity. Whereas for loading in the middle with a micropile the results were 0.3563 mm and 0.3564 mm without using a micropile. So that the placement of the micropile is very influential to withstand the deflection that occurs. The biggest moment occurred on the plate without using a micropile with a moment value of 18.758 kNm while when using a micropile the moment that occurred was 18.465 kNm and was sufficient for structural safety.
Application of Nata de Coco and Shrimp Skin Waste as a Material for Production Biodegradable Plastic – Mini Review
Authors: Kusumaningrum Maharani , Ardhiansyah Hanif , Harianingsih  , Pradnya Irene Nindita , Putra Muhammad Rizky Fahrizal , Fadhil Atalla Bintang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Environmental pollution is a problem that has not been resolved until now in Indonesia. Especially in the problem of plastic waste which continues to increase at 64 million tons per year. One of the biggest contributors to plastic waste in the community is conventional plastic which is difficult to degrade, resulting in the accumulation of waste. One alternative to overcome this problem is to use biodegradable plastic made from environmentally friendly materials. Biodegradable plastic products utilize nata de coco waste which contains about 42.57% cellulose and shrimp shells with a chitin content of 15-20%. The process of converting cellulose and chitosan into biodegradable plastic requires several processing steps. Chitosan was mixed with distilled water for dissolution and acetic acid (1:99) % by volume was added. Heating and stirring were carried out. Then cellulose and glycerol were mixed and heated using the phase inversion method to produce biodegradable plastic. The product was evaluated through an elongation test, tensile strength test, uji biodegradable, water resistance test, mechanical test, and degradation test to determine the product characteristics. This study aims to help strategies to process nata de coco and shrimp shell waste into biodegradable plastics with an efficient process so that it can help overcome the problem of plastic waste.
The Analysis of Consolidation Acceleration Method on the PVD-Preloading Combination
Authors: Sari Undayani Cita , Mulyono Muhammad Nafi’ , Pamungkas Martinus Novento , Pardoyo Bambang , Atmanto Indrastono Dwi , Admojo Danang Dwi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVD)– Preloading method is the most widely used method to speed up consolidation time on soft soils. This method is considered as one of the most sustainable soil improvement techniques and more environmentally friendly when compared to other soil improvement methods such as chemical stabilization. Using this method will not only save considerable costs in a construction project on soft soils, but will also increase its load-bearing capacity. The geotechnical planning usually uses the Terzaghi 1 D empirical equation to design PVD–Preloading method. In this study, consolidation settlement analysis was carried out at Horizon Nindya Karya Hotel, Semarang. The analysis was carried out based on 3 boreholes, BH.1, BH.2, and BH.3 which were calculated using the one-dimensional Terzaghi empirical method. In addition, this study was also analysed using MIDAS GTS NX for the verification results. The results show that the most effective to accelerate the consolidation settlement is the combination of preloading and installation of triangular pattern PVD with distance of 1.25 m. This combination resulted in consolidation settlements at points BH.1, BH.2, and BH.3 of 1.1075 m for 84 days, 1.3298 m for 82 days, and 1.1905 m for 98 days, respectively.
Impact of biodiesel blends on specific fuel consumption: A meta-analysis
Authors: Iskandar Ranu , Arlinwibowo Janu , Setiadi Rizki , Mujaki Ahmad , Naryanto Rizqi Fitri , Setiyawan Andri , Musyono Ari Dwi Nur Indriawan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The increasing number of vehicles causes the use of fuels from crude oil to increase causing increase emissions, diseases in humans, and depletion of the ozone layer. One innovation that has been developed to reduce fuel consumption is biodiesel. The purpose of this study is to re-analyze the impact of biodiesel on fuel efficiency in terms of the percentage of vegetable oils and additives, loadings, and engine speeds. The type of research used is meta-analysis. The articles collected used experimental methods. The choice of experimental method was carried out to compare control variables and experimental variables. The control variable in question was testing specific fuel consumption on 100% petroleum diesel, while the experimental class in question was testing specific fuel consumption on biodiesel blends. Moderator variables were biodiesel blends, engine speeds, and loadings. The analysis process was carried out using R studio. The data entered to produce a forest plot in which there were a value interval and standard error for each study and its conclusions also helped in the calculation of heterogeneity and publication bias. The results showed that data in this study met the assumption of heterogeneity. Data in this study was free from bias publication. There was a significant influence of biodiesel blends on specific fuel consumption because the confidence interval range did not cross zero. All p values > 0.05 so that each moderating variable showed no difference.
Tegal Art and Cultural Center with Inclusive Design Approach
Authors: Nugradi Didik Nopianto Agung , Wulandari Andi Putri Rizki , Hidayat Fahmi Syarif 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Indonesia is a country that has a diversity of arts and culture, and this is no exception Tegal Regency is located in Central Java Province. Various kinds of arts such as dance Endel masks and Balo-balo music are some examples of the uniqueness of Tegal Regency need to be preserved. It is a shame if this culture is eroded by the times driven by globalization. On this basis it is necessary to have facilities that support activities art and culture, as well as a place where all elements of society gather with the aim of preserving the uniqueness that exists in Tegal Regency.
This research is intended for provide options for the design of a new Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency, with the hope of getting preserve art and culture for future generations. In this article the method is used analytical descriptive, namely by collecting, explaining, and describing primary data as well secondary related to the provisions of the planning and design of the Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency. The result of this study is the design of a new Art and Cultural Center in Tegal Regency which emphasizes the concept of inclusive design, so that it can facilitate everyone elements of society.
Evaluation of Drainage Channels in Panggong Village, Johan Pahlawan District, West Aceh Regency
Authors: Safriani Meylis , Rafshanjani M. Arrie , Azwanda  
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The research was conducted to address the impact of flooding in Aceh Barat Regency, particularly in Panggong Village. This flooding is caused by the accumulation of rainwater inundating the local area during the rainy season, subsequently leading to river overflow and the inundation of residential areas lacking adequate drainage systems. The aim of the research is to evaluate the capacity of the drainage cross-sections by identifying whether the existing drainage system can accommodate the flood discharge. The research consists of two phases, namely hydrological analysis and hydraulic analysis. The hydrological analysis phase is utilized to determine the planned rainfall and projected discharge by utilizing rainfall data from the BMKG station. Subsequently, the hydraulic analysis phase is employed to assess the capacity of the drainage cross-sections based on the projected 10-year flood discharge using the HEC-RAS 5.0 software. The research findings indicate that the planned rainfall and projected flood discharge for a 10-year recurrence interval are 219.24 mm and 812.393 m3/s, respectively. Hydraulic simulations reveal that there are nine drainage cross-sections that require expansion to address the issue of water overflow. This condition results in the incapacity of the drainage system to handle flood discharges during heavy rainfall. Based on these findings, the recommendations are to expand the cross-sections of the drainage channels at the points experiencing overflow and to perform regular sediment and trash removal from the channels. These actions are expected to increase the drainage capacity and reduce the risk of flooding in the future. Additionally, regular maintenance and monitoring of the existing drainage system are necessary to ensure its optimal performance.
A novel design of symmetrical grating built on D-shaped optical fiber sensor-based surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Osamah Sarah , Fakhri Makram A , Alwahib Ali Abdulkhaleq , Salim Evan T , Ibrahim Raed Khalid , Mohammed Al-B F A , Gopinath Subash C B , Qaeed Motahher A , Ibrahim Hanan I , Ahmed Akram Sh , Shakir Hussein A , Hadi Ban K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) is an electromagnetic phenomenon that occurs during the interaction between metals and dielectric materials. Fiber sensors show much attention in the last few decades because of their extremely sensitive performance. A novel design of a Dual symmetrical grating D-shaped fiber (Dual SGD-SF) based plasmonic sensor was theoretically studied. The effects of grating depth and gold and silver thickness were investigated. For the Dual SGD-SF sensor design at analyte RI = 1.5 and grating depth = 0.3 μm, the resonance wavelength at the maximum loss was 2.4 μm. The maximum wavelength sensitivity, resolution, and FOM for Dual SGD-SF were obtained at 2000 nm/RIU, 0.00005 RIU, and 22.22 RIU−1, respectively. This design was proposed for sensing very low concentrations of analyte and helps to discover the variations of refractive indices compared to high-purity liquids. To the best of our knowledge, using a symmetrical grating design as a refractive index sensor has not previously been reported.
Effect of machining parameters on average surface roughness during computer numerical controlled dry milling of high strength AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel
Authors: George Pramod , Selvaraj D Philip , Dhas D S Ebenezer Jacob , George Pradeep 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on developing an empirical model for average surface roughness during computer numerical controlled (CNC) dry milling of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). Experiments were designed with three levels of axial depth of cut, feed rate, and spindle speed to quantify their impact on surface roughness. The RSM-Box-Behnken design was employed to construct the empirical model. Model adequacy was validated through residual analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Analysis of the main effects and interaction effects revealed that the primary influences on average surface roughness were the feed rate, spindle speed, and axial depth of cut, while interaction effects were less significant. Optimal cutting conditions were determined to be a spindle speed of 1500 rpm, a feed rate of 30 mm min−1, and an axial depth of cut of 0.3 mm. The model’s validity was further confirmed through additional validation tests.
Vibration characteristics of piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid subjected to fluid-structure-electrical interaction
Authors: Chang X P , Hu B , Qu C J , Li Y H 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper mainly investigates the vibration characteristics of piezoelectric pipe conveying fluid subjected to fluid-structure-electrical interaction. Based on the Hamilton’s principle, the dynamic equations of the cantilever piezoelectric pipe subjected to the weight and fluid-structure-electrical interaction are established and solved by using the Galerkin method. Ultimately, complex frequency and critical flow velocity are obtained. The main discussion focused on the influence of electromechanical coupling, resistive load, and dimensionless capacitance on the critical flow velocity under different lengths of piezoelectric materials. It also examined the dynamic trajectories of the real and imaginary parts of the complex frequency under various mass ratios and resistive loads. Furthermore, it explored the impact of parameters representing voltage on the stability of the system. The results indicate various stability evolutions under different lengths of piezoelectric materials, flow velocities, and parameters representing voltage. The stability of the system pipe is influenced by factors such as the length of the piezoelectric material and resistive load.
Committed emissions reductions available from replacement of coal-fired power plants with nuclear plants
Authors: Pope Jason , Coburn Timothy , Bradley Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from burning fossil fuels, including the predominant energy generation method in many countries, coal power plants, face challenges resulting from the pursuit of climate policy. Modelling performed by intergovernmental organizations detailing scenarios to reach global decarbonization goals include the reduction of burning of fossil fuels and an increase in electrical demand. Replacing coal-fired power plants with technology that produces lower emissions offers a potential solution. In this paper we calculate emissions reductions available from converting coal-fired power plants to nuclear plants in both the U.S. and India, the countries having the world’s largest coal-fired power generation capacity outside of China. We consider potential timelines for the coal to nuclear conversion, and then determine the resulting emissions to help us better understand the impact that a fleet-scale nuclear conversion campaign could have on each nation’s decarbonization goals. Our results indicate that, while the U.S. and India presently have similar installed coal generation capacity and annual emissions, India’s remaining committed emissions are approximately five times greater than those of the U.S. for both a base case and a 46-plant conversion case. We conclude that converting coal-fired power plants to nuclear plants can offer emissions reductions, but that the national impact relies heavily on fleet composition. Although older fleets have the potential to offer annual emissions reductions from retirements and conversions, converting younger fleets can have a much greater impact on committed emissions, which is a better indicator of the potential of coal-to-nuclear conversion in global decarbonization.
Association of parity with the timing and type of menopause: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Scime Natalie V , Huang Beili , Brown Hilary K , Brennand Erin A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We investigated the time-varying association between parity and timing of natural menopause, surgical menopause, and premenopausal hysterectomy among 23,728 women aged 40-65 years at enrollment in the Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort study (2000–2022), using flexible parametric survival analysis. Overall, natural menopause was most common by study end (57.2%), followed by premenopausal hysterectomy (11.4%) and surgical menopause (5.3%). Risks of natural menopause before age 50 years were elevated for 0 births (adjusted hazard ratio at age 45: 1.33, 95% CI 1.18-1.49) and 1 birth (age 45: 1.21, 1.07-1.38), but similar for ≥3 births (age 45: 0.95, 0.85-1.06), compared to 2 births (reference). Elevated risks of surgical menopause before age 45 years for 0 births (age 40: 1.37, 1.09-1.69) and 1 birth (age 40: 1.11, 0.85-1.45) attenuated when excluding women with past infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss, and reduced risks were observed over time for ≥3 births (age 50: 0.84, 0.75-0.94). Risks of premenopausal hysterectomy were lower before age 50 years for 0 births (age 45: 0.82, 0.76-0.88) but elevated after age 40 years for ≥3 births (age 50: 1.25, 1.08-1.45). These complex associations necessitate additional research on the sociobiological impacts of childbearing on gynecologic health.
A minimal nontrivial example of higher-order evidence
Authors: Cole Stephen R , Shook-Sa Bonnie E , Zivich Paul N , Edwards Jessie K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Higher-order evidence (ie, evidence about evidence) allows epidemiologists and other health data scientists to account for measurement error in validation data. Here, to illustrate the use of higher-order evidence, we provide a minimal nontrivial example of estimating the proportion and show how higher-order evidence can be used to construct sensitivity analyses. The proposed method provides a flexible approach to account for multiple levels of distortion in the results of epidemiologic studies.
256 Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis: Is Conservative Management Adequate?
Authors: Motta J , Ezekiel A , Claxton M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
NICE advises conservative management for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in the absence of sepsis (1). This audit assessed adherence to guidelines and effectiveness of treatment through readmission rates within 2 weeks. An educational intervention was developed and audited to improve adherence and raise awareness about adequacy of treatment.

Method
Retrospective data from 31 patients, aged 18-80 years old, presenting in November-December 2022, with acute diverticulitis was collated and stratified against NICE guidelines. Educational interventions were implemented to raise awareness. This included departmental posters, surgical juniors teaching, and patient information leaflet development. A second retrospective dataset, involving 29 patients June-July 2023, assessed for increased adherence. Readmission data was evaluated to ascertain the adequacy of conservative/ oral antibiotic management over intravenous treatment.

Results
16/31 patients in the first cycle were treated according to NICE guidance. 13 were overtreated: 6 received IV antibiotics instead of oral, 7 received oral antibiotics rather than conservative management. 5/31 were readmitted within 2 weeks: 1 managed conservatively (no antibiotics), 3 treated with IV antibiotics (only 1 appropriately). Post-intervention, 7/29 patients were overtreated and none undertreated: 3 received IV antibiotics instead of oral, 4 received oral antibiotics rather than conservative management. There were no readmissions within two weeks. Overall, there was a 17.5% decrease in overtreatment without increased readmissions.

Conclusions
Educational interventions improved adherence to guidelines. Management without intravenous antibiotics did not increase readmission rates, supporting current guidelines.
411 Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - Is Our Consenting Up to Scratch?
Authors: Kirkley K , Conroy S , Smith H , Butcher K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
To audit whether patients in a district general hospital were being adequately consented for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and to standardise the consent process to meet national guidelines.

Method
Consent forms were audited for inclusion of risks associated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as per NHS Websites and the British Benign Upper Gastrointestinal Surgical Society. Subsequently, a standardised, pre-populated, consent form sticker was developed, using the aforementioned guidelines, to ensure adequate detail was included when consenting patients for this procedure. Consent forms were later re-audited during two further collection windows.

Results
Pre-intervention, of the thirteen risks stated in the guidelines, 0% of patients were consented for all thirteen. Whilst 100% were consented for ‘conversion to open’, ‘injury to the common bile duct’ (CBD) and ‘deep vein thrombosis (DVT) / pulmonary embolism (PE)', only 58% of forms included ‘chronic pain’, and 5%, ‘chronic diarrhoea’. At first follow-up, 20% of consent forms used the pre-populated sticker and therefore consented all risks. This increased to 75% by the final collection window. Post-intervention, every element had over 80% consenting rate, with 11 of the 13 elements either improving or staying the same.

Conclusions
Use of pre-populated stickers ensured 100% of elements were included when consenting patients for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which could be important in improving informed decision making for patients preoperatively. However, whilst use of stickers somewhat objectifies this process, it cannot account for differences in individual discussions and explanation of risk between the doctor and patient. Suggestions for future development include increasing the provision of relevant preoperative patient information resources.