bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The different faces of principal mentorship
Authors: Parylo Oksana , Zepeda Sally J. , Bengtson Ed 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine principal mentoring, a process that is significant in principal identification, socialization, development, and retention.Design/methodology/approachThe study was framed within the social constructivism paradigm and thematically examined individual perspectives to develop the thematic constructs relevant to the participants’ experiences of and perceptions about principal mentoring.FindingsThematic analysis of the interview data from 16 principals from the state of Georgia, USA, revealed five major themes related to leaders’ experiences of and perceptions about principal mentoring: mentoring as recruitment; mentoring as socialization; mentoring as support; mentoring as professional development; and mentoring as reciprocal learning.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings were limited to the sample of principals used for this analysis. Researchers are encouraged to examine principal mentoring in other contexts.Practical implicationsThe results of this inquiry suggest the need for formal and informal mentoring opportunities for new and experienced principals and call for further research on comparing mentoring practices between the large and small schools systems.Originality/valueThe paper identifies mentoring as an important path to principal effectiveness and contributes to the corpus of literature on educational mentoring by examining the perceptions and experiences of new and experienced principals about the mentoring they received and provided.
Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria:ABOblood group,CD36, andICAM1 expression and severePlasmodium falciparuminfection
Authors: Cserti‐Gazdewich Christine M. , Dhabangi Aggrey , Musoke Charles , Ssewanyana Isaac , Ddungu Henry , Nakiboneka‐Ssenabulya Deborah , Nabukeera‐Barungi Nicolette , Mpimbaza Arthur , Dzik Walter H. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryAs a leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide, selection pressure byPlasmodium falciparumcontinues to shape the human genome. Severe disturbances within the microcirculation result from the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to host receptors on monocytes, platelets, and endothelium. In this prospective study, we compared expression of all major host cytoadhesion receptors among Ugandan children presenting with uncomplicated malaria (n = 1078) versus children with severe malaria (n = 855), including cerebral malaria (n = 174), severe anaemia (n = 522), and lactic acidosis (n = 154). We report a significant survival advantage attributed to blood groupOand increased monocyte expression ofCD36 andICAM1 (CD54). The high case fatality rate syndromes of cerebral malaria and lactic acidosis were associated with high plateletCD36 expression and thrombocytopenia, and severe malaria anaemia was characterized by lowICAM1 expression. In a logistic regression model of disease severity, odds ratios for the mitigating effects of blood groupO,CD36, andICAM1 phenotypes were greater than that of sickle haemoglobin. Host genetic adaptations toPlasmodium falciparumsuggest new potential malaria treatment strategies.
A novel NR5A1 variant in an infant with elevated testosterone from an Australasian cohort of 46,XY patients with disorders of sex development
Authors: Wu Joyce Y. , McGown Ivan N. , Lin Lin , Achermann John C. , Harris Mark , Cowley David M. , Aftimos Salim , Neville Kristen A. , Choong Catherine S. , Cotterill Andrew M. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryBackgroundNR5A1 loss‐of‐function mutations are increasingly found to be the cause of 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD).ObjectiveTo determine the presence of NR5A1 mutations in an Australasian cohort of 17 46,XY DSD patients with presumed androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) who were negative for androgen receptor gene (AR) mutation.DesignExons 2‐7 of NR5A1 were PCR amplified and sequenced. Gene expression and cellular localization studies were performed on a novel NR5A1 variant c.74A>G (p.Y25C) identified in this study.ResultsWe identified one novel mutation, c.74A>G (p.Y25C) in a patient characterized by penoscrotal hypospadias with bifid scrotum. He had elevated testosterone and gonadotropins in early infancy. Functional analysis of p.Y25C in vitro demonstrated reduced transcriptional activation by SF‐1 and partially impaired nuclear localization in a proportion of transfected human adrenal NCI‐H295R cells.ConclusionThis is the first reported case of a DSD patient with a NR5A1 mutation and elevated testosterone levels. Our finding supports evaluation of NR5A1 mutations in 46,XY DSD patients with a range of testosterone levels.
Influence of presence or absence of teeth adjacent to implants installed immediately into extraction sockets on peri‐implant hard tissue levels: an experimental study in the dog
Authors: Favero Giovanni , Botticelli Daniele , Rea Massimiliano , Pantani Fabio , León Ileana Grau , Lang Niklaus P. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the presence or absence of adjacent teeth on the level of the mesial and distal alveolar bony crest following healing at sites where implants were installed immediately into extraction sockets.Material and methodsSix Labrador dogs were used. In the right side of the mandible, full‐thickness flaps were elevated, and the second, third, and fourth premolars and first molars were extracted. In the left side of the mandible, endodontic treatments of the mesial roots of the third and fourth premolars as well as of the first molars were performed. Full‐thickness flaps were elevated, the teeth were hemi‐sected, and the distal roots were removed. The second premolars were extracted as well. Subsequently, implants were bilaterally installed with the implant shoulder flush with the buccal bony crest. Implants were placed in the center of the alveoli, but at the fourth premolars, they were placed toward the lingual bony plate of the alveoli. After 3 months of healing, the animals were euthanized and histological sections of the sites prepared.ResultsLarger bony crest resorption was observed at the test compared with the control sites, both at the bucco‐lingual and mesio‐distal aspects. The differences between test and controls for the coronal level of osseointegration were smaller than those for resorption. When data from all mesial and distal sites facing an adjacent tooth were collapsed and compared with those opposing an edentulous zone, lower bony crest resorption and deeper residual marginal defects were found at the sites with neighboring teeth.ConclusionThe extraction of teeth adjacent to a socket into which implants were installed immediately after tooth extraction caused more alveolar bone resorption both for the bucco‐lingual and at the mesio‐distal aspects compared with sites adjacent to a maintained tooth.
Great Spotted Cuckoo Nestlings but not Magpie Nestlings Starve in Experimental Age‐Matched Broods
Authors: Soler Manuel , de Neve Liesbeth 
Published: August 2012

AbstractNestlings of non‐evicting avian brood‐parasites have to compete for food with foster parents' own nestlings. The outcome of these competitive contests is determined mainly by body size differences between parasitic and host nestlings. As part of the coevolutionary arms race between brood parasites and their hosts at the nestling stage, it has been reported that some host foster parents discriminate against parasitic chicks and are reluctant to feed them. Here, by experimentally creating size‐matched broods of different composition (only magpiePica picachicks, only great spotted cuckooClamator glandariuschicks or mixed broods), we show that great spotted cuckoo chicks starved in 20.2 per cent (17 of 84) of the parasitized magpie nests even in absence of size asymmetries, while in none (0 of 72) of the nests a magpie chick starved. As far as we know, this is the first record of non‐evictor brood parasitic nestlings starving without being smaller than their host nestmates in a frequently used host species. Nest composition had no effect on chick starvation. The cuckoo nestling starved even in two of the nests occupied by only one cuckoo chick. Our results could be explained by (1) magpies being reluctant to feed cuckoo chicks; (2) parasitic chicks receiving lower‐quality food items or cuckoo nestlings being sensitive to some particular component of the diet (e.g. cereal grains); and (3) the existence of cuckoo chick discrimination ability by magpie foster parents.
Intrinsically disordered proteins in human mitochondria
Authors: Ito Masahiro , Tohsato Yukako , Sugisawa Hitoshi , Kohara Shohei , Fukuchi Satoshi , Nishikawa Ikuko , Nishikawa Ken 
Published: August 2012

Intrinsically disordered (ID) proteins (IDPs) are abundant in eukaryotes but are scarce in prokaryotes. Mitochondria, cellular organelles that descended from Rickettsia‐like α‐proteobacteria, are at the intersection between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although IDPs are reportedly as rare in mitochondria as in bacteria, these details remained to be clarified. Human mitochondrial proteins (n = 706) were obtained from the UniProt database, and information on ID regions of all human proteins was extracted from the DICHOT database. A BLAST search carried out against all α‐proteobacterial proteins identified two types of mitochondrial proteins: those with (B) and without (E) bacterial homologues. The B‐type proteins (n = 387) descended from a bacterial ancestor, whereas the E‐type proteins (n = 319) were more recently added to the mitochondria via the host cell during the early evolution of eukaryotes. The average ID ratios of B‐type/E‐type proteins are 10.3% and 21.4%, respectively. The 706 proteins were further classified into four groups based on the mitochondrial subcompartment, namely, the matrix, intermembrane space, inner membrane, or outer membrane. The ID ratios in these different locations suggest that the frequency of IDPs in mitochondria might be due to the evolutionary origin (B‐type/E‐type) of the protein, rather than differences in its functional environment.
Dietary gluten alters the balance of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in T cells of BALB/c mice
Authors: Antvorskov Julie C. , Fundova Petra , Buschard Karsten , Funda David P. 
Published: August 2012

SummarySeveral studies have documented that dietary modifications influence the development of type 1 diabetes. However, little is known about the interplay of dietary components and the penetration of diabetes incidence. In this study we tested if wheat gluten is able to induce differences in the cytokine pattern of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, as well as Foxp3− T cells, isolated from intestinal mucosal lymphoid tissue and non‐mucosal lymphoid compartments in BALB/c mice. The gluten‐containing standard diet markedly changed the cytokine expression within Foxp3− T cells, in all lymphoid organs tested, towards a higher expression of pro‐inflammatory interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) and IL‐2. In Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, gluten ingestion resulted in a mucosal increase in IL‐17 and IL‐2 and an overall increase in IFN‐γ and IL‐4. The gluten‐free diet induced an anti‐inflammatory cytokine profile with higher proportion of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)+ Foxp3− T cells in all tested lymphoid tissues and higher IL‐10 expression within non‐T cells in spleen, and a tendency towards a mucosal increase in TGF‐β+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Our data shows that the gluten‐containing standard diet modifies the cytokine pattern of both Foxp3− T cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells towards a more inflammatory cytokine profile. This immune profile may contribute to the higher type 1 diabetes incidence associated with gluten intake.
Nutrients, technological properties and genetic relationships among twenty cowpea landraces cultivated in West Africa
Authors: Madodé Yann E. , Linnemann Anita R. , Nout Martinus J.R. , Vosman Ben , Hounhouigan Djidjoho J. , van Boekel Martinus A.J.S. 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe genetic relationships among twenty phenotypically different cowpea landraces were unravelled regarding their suitability for preparing West African dishes. Amplified fragment length polymorphism classified unpigmented landraces (UPs) as highly similar (65%, one cluster), contrary to pigmented landraces (PLs, three clusters). UPs contained, in g kg−1 d.w., less fibre (24) and phenolics (3) than PLs (56 and 8, respectively) but had bigger seeds (200 g d.w. for 1000 seeds) and lower water absorption capacity at 30 °C (1049 g kg−1) than PLs (139 and 1184, respectively). In g kg−1 d.w., protein (255), ash (39), calcium (0.95), phytate (9.3), iron (0.07) and zinc (0.04) contents were similar. UPs genetic similarities corroborated with their chemical composition and functionality clustered by principal component analysis. Therefore, UPs are well interchangeable regarding chemical composition and suitability for boiled and fried cowpea dishes in contrast to PLs. PLs have potential for innovative product design owing to their functional properties.
Maintenance of postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of fresh‐cut sweet leaf bush (Sauropus androgynus L. Merr.) through hot CaCl2 dips
Authors: Supapvanich Suriyan , Arkajak Rachaya , Yalai Ko 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe effects of hot CaCl2 dips on postharvest quality and bioactive compounds of fresh‐cut sweet leaf bush were investigated. The vegetable was dipped in 0.5% or 1.0% (w/v) of CaCl2 solutions at 40 °C for 30 s and the control was the untreated sample. Hot CaCl2 dips significantly delayed the weight loss, maintained the overall quality and inhibited the wiltness (P < 0.05). Both hot CaCl2 dips had no effect on the changes in lightness (L*) and delayed the decrease in greenness (‐a*) and total chlorophyll content and the increase in both yellowness (b*) and carotenoid content. Hot CaCl2 dips enhanced total antioxidants, total phenolics content and both AsA‐POD and G‐POD activities from 38.6, 0.44, 15.2 and 22.4 at day 0 to 55.3, 0.55, 50.5 and 362.4 at day 8, respectively. Moreover, hot CaCl2 dips also delayed the loss of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total flavonoid, ascorbic acid and CAT activity when compared to other treatments during storage. This study showed that hot CaCl2 dip maintains postharvest quality and enhanced bioactive compounds of fresh‐cut sweet leaf bush during storage.
Changes in volatile compounds and oil quality with malaxation time of Tunisian cultivars of Olea europea
Authors: Youssef Ouni , Mokhtar Guerfel , Abdelly Chedly , Mohamed Salma Nayet , Mokhtar Zarrouk , Guido Flamini 
Published: August 2012

SummaryWhile there has been considerable work examining the effect of malaxation time on different characteristics of olive oils, there have been few that deal with all the major aspects. Here, the influence of malaxation time was evaluated using major local Tunisian (cv. Chemlali and Chetoui) cultivars. Standard characteristics were measured as well as detailed analyses of volatile compounds were conducted. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) was applied to the analysis of volatile compounds of virgin olive oils from Chemlali and Chetoui varieties with differing malaxation time. Twenty‐seven compounds were characterised by GC‐FID and GC–MS. Compounds belonging mainly to alcohols, esters, aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons chemical classes characterized the volatile profile. Significant differences in the proportion of volatiles from oils of different malaxation time were detected. The results suggest that besides genetic factors, malaxation time influences volatile formation. The main variables that were affected by malaxation time were the total amount of phenols and composition of the volatile compounds. At malaxation time of 30 min, Chemlali and Chetoui olive oils presented the highest total phenol content (244.19 and 877.63 mg kg−1, respectively), while the lowest content was observed at 60 min from regardless of cultivars. In turn, this influenced the oxidative stability and peroxide value. It was also clear that the cultivars behaved differently and this prevented general conclusions being made for all of the quality characteristics.
Potential use of extra virgin olive oil in bakery products rich in fats: a comparative study with refined oils
Authors: Caponio Francesco , Giarnetti Mariagrazia , Paradiso Vito M. , Summo Carmine , Gomes Tommaso 
Published: August 2012

SummaryThe lipid fraction of bakery products undergoes a significant degradation during baking, with an increase in undesirable oxidised substances, that can act as catalysts for further oxidative reactions during storage reducing the product shelf life. The use of extra virgin olive oil in bakery products rich in fat in place of refined oils was studied, assessing the evolution of the oxidative and hydrolytic degradation during storage. Two‐way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's HSD test for multiple comparisons, covariance and principal component analyses were carried out to compare the effect of the type of oils. The data obtained showed that the evolution of the oxidation levels in the analysed samples during storage was related to the type of oil used in the production process. Particularly, the use of extra virgin olive oil led to significantly lower values of hydroperoxides, ultraviolet absorption constants, triacylglycerol oligopolymers and oxidised triacylglycerols.
Factors related to dietary habits and body mass index among Turkish school children: a Cox's interaction model‐based study
Authors: Haney Meryem Ozturk , Erdogan Semra 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAimTo report a study conducted to describe the determinants of Turkish school‐aged children's dietary habits and body mass index.BackgroundOver the past two decades, children's unhealthy dietary habits and obesity have increased rapidly. Nurses have an essential role in minimizing health‐risk behaviours and promoting healthy lifestyles. Using the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior to measure children's dietary habits and body mass index values helps to prepare health‐promotion interventions.DesignA descriptive, correlational study.MethodThe study was conducted, based on a sample of 420 fifth‐grade students and their parents in one city in Turkey. The data were collected during 2007 using a questionnaire designed to assess the dietary habits and anthropometric indices. Data were analysed using quantitative analysis to identify key variables.FindingsThe girls scored healthier on dietary habits than did the boys. Although dietary self‐efficacy was statistically significant as an explanatory variable of dietary habits for both genders, the dietary attitude was the only explanatory variable of dietary habits for the girls. No difference was detected in the prevalence of overweight between boys and girls.ConclusionNurses are well‐situated to give children dietary self‐efficacy improvement, dietary attitude enhancement, and family‐centred and school‐based intervention programmes to reduce their unhealthy dietary habits. The model guides researchers to identify the background characteristics of children that result in the body mass index.
Surprisingly diverged populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in natural environments remote from human activity
Authors: Wang Qi‐Ming , Liu Wan‐Qiu , Liti Gianni , Wang Shi‐An , Bai Feng‐Yan 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a leading system in genetics, genomics and molecular biology and is becoming a powerful tool to illuminate ecological and evolutionary principles. However, little is known of the ecology and population structure of this species in nature. Here, we present a field survey of this yeast at an unprecedented scale and have performed population genetics analysis of Chinese wild isolates with different ecological and geographical origins. We also included a set of worldwide isolates that represent the maximum genetic variation of S. cerevisiae documented so far. We clearly show that S. cerevisiae is a ubiquitous species in nature, occurring in highly diversified substrates from human‐associated environments as well as habitats remote from human activity. Chinese isolates of S. cerevisiae exhibited strong population structure with nearly double the combined genetic variation of isolates from the rest of the world. We identified eight new distinct wild lineages (CHN I–VIII) from a set of 99 characterized Chinese isolates. Isolates from primeval forests occur in ancient and significantly diverged basal lineages, while those from human‐associated environments generally cluster in less differentiated domestic or mosaic groups. Basal lineages from primeval forests are usually inbred, exhibit lineage‐specific karyotypes and are partially reproductively isolated. Our results suggest that greatly diverged populations of wild S. cerevisiae exist independently of and predate domesticated isolates. We find that China harbours a reservoir of natural genetic variation of S. cerevisiae and perhaps gives an indication of the origin of the species.
Mechanisms of smooth muscle responses to inflammation
Authors: Shea‐Donohue T. , Notari L. , Sun R. , Zhao A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackground Inflammation‐induced changes in smooth muscle may be the consequence of changes in the properties of smooth muscle itself, in the control by nerves and hormones, in the microenvironment, or in the balance of constitutive or induced mediators. A general concept is that the specific characteristics and effects of inflammation can be linked to the nature of the infiltrate and the associated mediators, which are dictated predominantly by the immune environment. Inflammatory mediators may regulate smooth muscle function by directly acting on smooth muscle cells or, indirectly, through stimulation of the release of mediators from other cells. In addition, smooth muscle is not a passive bystander during inflammation and our knowledge of molecular signaling pathways that control smooth muscle function, and the contribution of the immune mechanisms to smooth muscle homeostasis, has expanded greatly in the last decade. Recent studies also demonstrated the relevance of extracellular proteases, of endogenous or exogenous origin, redox imbalance, or epigenetic mechanisms, to gastrointestinal dismotility and inflammation in the context of functional and organic disorders.Purpose In this review we discuss the various types of inflammation and the established and emerging mechansims of inflammation‐induced changes in smooth muscle morphology and function.
Novel quadruple mutations in dihydropteroate synthase genes of Plasmodium falciparum in West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Sabyasachi , Chakraborty Subhankari P. , Tripathy Satyajit , Hati AmiyaKumar , Roy Somenath 
Published: August 2012

AbstractObjective  To evaluate the anti‐folate (sulphadoxine)‐resistant pattern in Kolkata, one of the malaria endemic zones of Eastern India.Methods  At first, 107 P. falciparum suspected cases were enrolled in this study. Ninety isolates (84.11%) of 107 suspected cases were analysed, as they had mono‐infection with P. falciparum. In vitro susceptibility assays were performed in all 90 isolates. Parasitic DNA was isolated by phenol‐chloroform extraction method and polymerase chain reaction was followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of different codons of the pfdhps gene (436, 437, 540, 581 and 613).Results  Among 90 isolates from Kolkata, dhps mutant isolates at codons 436, 437, 540, 581 and 613 were found in 53.33%, 67.78%, 46.66%, 15.56% and 45.55%, respectively. In vitro sulphadoxine resistance was found in 49 isolates (54.44%). Interestingly we found 33 isolates (36.67%) with quadruple AGEAT mutant allele, of which 32 isolates (96.97%) were highly sulphadoxine resistant (P < 0.01) in vitro.Conclusion  Our present findings implicate that because of enormous drug (sulphfadoxine) pressure, novel AGEAT mutation was highly correlated (P < 0.01) with sulphadoxine resistance.