bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing Eye Movement Tracking for UAV Navigation
Authors: Zendehdel Niloofar , Chen Haodong , Song Yun Seong , Leu Ming C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel approach to unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control through electrooculography (EOG) based eye movement tracking. The research focuses on developing an interface that translates eye movements into UAV navigation commands, showcasing a unique integration of biometric technology in UAV (i.e., drone) control. To measure horizontal eye movements, we used EOG electrodes positioned near the person’s eyes. Using a thresholding algorithm, eye movements are categorized as right, left, or neutral, and then converted into control signals using a finite state machine. The control signals are then sent to the UAV via an internet connection. Our experimental results demonstrate precise and efficient UAV control through EOG-based eye tracking. This approach demonstrates a new direction in human-robot interaction, and it holds potential in assistive technology for individuals with mobility or communication challenges. This study establishes a foundation for future advancements in intuitive and accessible UAV control systems.
Construction of Robot Drilling System for Large Scale Workpiece Based on Offline Programming
Authors: Sekioka Masataka , Kato Daiki , Takeuchi Ayumu , Uchino Tomohiro , Nakagawa Masao , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, industrial robots have been introduced to various production sites through teaching playback, enabling more efficient assembly lines and welding lines for large workpieces in automotive and other industries. Furthermore, offline programming is expected to be utilized for cutting workpieces that are becoming even larger in the next-generation EV giga-cast and construction industries. However, the machining accuracy of robots, in terms of motion accuracy, is lower than that of machine tools, and their low rigidity causes vibration. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to construct a system for the practical cutting of large workpieces by attaching a DC brushless motor controlled by a single-board computer and drill to the end-effector of a large industrial robot and examining the basic characteristics of this system. The relationship between the rotational speed and duty ratio of the pulse width modulation voltage is clarified, and the range where the rotation speed is stable is found such that any rotation speed can be output. It is also clarified that the mechanical time constant of the rotational speed of the motor changes when the temperature of the motor spindle changes.
Design Optimization and Visualization of the Scope of Influence on Requirement Changes Using Systems Modeling Language
Authors: Nakano Ryosuke , Iwata Yoshiharu , Wakamatsu Hidefumi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the design optimization of large and complex systems has surpassed human capabilities, making visualization and optimization through modeling languages increasingly critical. However, conventional methods fail to connect design intent with optimization information adequately, complicating correcting optimization issues when requirements change. To address this challenge, we propose a diagram that links requirements with optimization information and another diagram that visualizes the impact of requirement changes using the SysML modeling language. We have verified the effectiveness of these diagrams through a case study.
Mites of the genus Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago associated with the fruit of Cocos nucifera L. with description of two new species
Authors: Vieira França Beltrao Girleide , Feitosa Araújo Isaac , Carlos Lofego Antônio , Guedes Correa Gondim Junior Manoel 
Published: August 2024

The family Tarsonemidae comprises 51 genera, some of which have been reported on coconut palms, including Fungitarsonemus De Leon, Nasutitarsonemus Beer & Nucifora, Steneotarsonemus Beer and Tarsonemus Canestrini & Fanzago. The genus Tarsonemus consists of approximately 280 species, with only 11 reported in Brazil. During collections of Cocos nucifera L. fruit on the Brazilian coast, four Tarsonemus species were found associated with the perianth of these fruits. Two new species are described, Tarsonemus arrudai França, Araújo & Lofego sp. nov., and T. litoralis França, Araújo & Lofego sp. nov. while the other two species, Tarsonemus pseudokennedyi Ochoa and T. lenticulatus Gheblealivand, Haddad & Magowski, were found for the first time in Brazil, and both are redescribed based on males and females.
Commonly Used Indicators of Low Energy Availability Risk Fail to Identify Female Amateur Soccer Players With Measured Low Energy Availability During Preseason
Authors: Frazer Rebekka , Bowler Amy-Lee , Condo Dominique , Cox Gregory , Pelly Fiona , Slater Gary 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to determine energy availability (EA) and within-day energy balance (WDEB) in female soccer players during preseason and also explored eating disorder risk and athlete food choice. We hypothesized commonly used indicators of low energy availability (LEA) risk would correlate with measured EA and WDEB variables, and that food choice determinants would differ according to EA. Eleven National Premier League female soccer players participated in this observational cross-sectional study over 3 weeks. Assessment of resting metabolic rate and physique traits, including bone mineral density, was conducted during Weeks 1 or 3. During Week 2, dietary intake, energy expenditure, and continuous monitor-derived glucose were measured for 5 days. EA was calculated daily and WDEB calculated hourly with deficits/surpluses carried continuously. Questionnaires were administered throughout the 3 weeks, including the Athlete Food Choice Questionnaire, the Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes, and the Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire. Resting metabolic rate ratio, bone mineral density, Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, and Eating Disorders Screen for Athletes scores were used as indicators of LEA risk. EA averaged 30.7 ± 7.5 kcals·kg fat-free mass−1·day−1. Approximately one-third (36%) of athletes were at risk of an eating disorder, while approximately half (45%) were identified at risk of the female athlete triad via Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire, compared with approximately one-third (36%) of athletes identified with EA < 30 kcal·kg fat-free mass−1·day−1. No athlete achieved EA >45 kcal·kg fat-free mass−1·day−1, and no indicator of LEA risk was associated with calculated EA or WDEB. However, overnight glycemic variability was positively correlated with measured EA (r = .722, p = .012).
Time of arrival during plant disease progression and humidity additively influence
Salmonella enterica
colonization of lettuce
Authors: Dixon Megan H. , Nellore Dharshita , Zaacks Sonia C. , Barak Jeri D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

The interplay between plant hosts, phytopathogenic bacteria, and enteric human pathogens in the phyllosphere has consequences for human health.
Salmonella enterica
has been known to take advantage of phytobacterial infection to increase its success on plants, but there is little knowledge of additional factors that may influence the relationship between enteric pathogens and plant disease. In this study, we investigated the role of humidity and the extent of plant disease progression on
S. enterica
colonization of plants. We found that high humidity was necessary for the replication of
S. enterica
on diseased lettuce, but not required for
S. enterica
ingress into the UV-protected apoplast. Additionally, the
Xanthomonas hortorum
pv. vitians (hereafter,
X. vitians
)
-
infected lettuce host was found to be a relatively hostile environment for
S. enterica
when it arrived prior to the development of watersoaking or following necrosis onset, supporting the existence of an ideal window during
X. vitians
infection progress that maximizes
S. enterica
survival.
In vitro
growth studies in sucrose media suggest that
X. vitians
may allow
S. enterica
to benefit from cross-feeding during plant infection. Overall, this study emphasizes the role of phytobacterial disease as a driver of
S. enterica
success in the phyllosphere, demonstrates how the time of arrival during disease progress can influence
S. enterica’s
fate in the apoplast
,
and highlights the potential for humidity to transform an infected apoplast into a growth-promoting environment for bacterial colonizers.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial leaf spot of lettuce caused by
Xanthomonas hortorum
pv. vitians is a common threat to leafy green production. The global impact caused by phytopathogens, including
X
.
vitians
, is likely to increase with climate change. We found that even under a scenario where increased humidity did not enhance plant disease, high humidity had a substantial effect on facilitating
Salmonella enterica
growth on
Xanthomonas
-infected plants. High humidity climates may directly contribute to the survival of human enteric pathogens in crop fields or indirectly affect bacterial survival via changes to the phyllosphere brought on by phytopathogen disease.
Seneca Valley virus circumvents Gasdermin A-mediated inflammation by targeting the pore-formation domain for cleavage
Authors: Yin Hongyan , Zhao Zhenchao , Yan Ya , Yuan Ye , Qu Weiyu , Wang Haiwei , Zhu Cheng , Li Pingwei , Li Xin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Members of the gasdermin (GSDM) family are critical for inducing programmable pyroptosis by forming pores on the cell membrane. GSDMB, GSDMC, GSDMD, and GSDME are activated by caspases or granzyme, leading to the release of their autoinhibitory domains. The protease SpeB from group A
Streptococcus
has been shown to cleave and activate GSDMA-mediated pyroptosis. Meanwhile, African Swine Fever Virus infection regulates pyroptosis by cleaving porcine GSDMA (pGSDMA) via active caspase-3 and caspase-4. However, it is not known whether virus-encoded proteases also target GSDMA. Here, we show that residues 1–252 of pGSDMA (pGSDMA
1–252
) is the pore-forming fragment that induces lytic cell death and pyroptosis. Interestingly, Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) infection induces the cleavage of both pGSDMA and human GSDMA and suppresses GSDMA-mediated cell death. Mechanistically, SVV protease 3C cleaves pGSDMA between Q187 and G188 to generate a shorter fragment, pGSDMA
1–186
, which fails to induce lytic cell death and lactate dehydrogenase release. Furthermore, pGSDMA
1–186
does not localize to the plasma membrane and does not induce cell death, thereby promoting viral replication by suppressing host immune responses. These studies reveal a sophisticated evolutionary adaptation of SVV to bypass GSDMA-mediated pyroptosis, allowing it to overcome host inflammatory defenses.

IMPORTANCE

Gasdermin A (GSDMA) remains a protein shrouded in mystery, particularly regarding its regulation by virus-encoded proteases. Previous studies have identified human GSDMA (hGSDMA) as a sensor and substrate of the SpeB from group A
Streptococcus
, which initiates pyroptosis. However, it is not clear if viral proteases also cleave GSDMA. In this study, we show that a fragment of porcine GSDMA (pGSDMA) containing the first 252 residues constitutes the pore-forming domain responsible for inducing lytic cell death and pyroptosis. Interestingly, picornavirus Seneca Valley Virus (SVV) protease 3C cleaves both pGSDMA and hGSDMA, generating a shorter fragment that fails to associate with the plasma membrane and does not induce pyroptosis. This cleavage by SVV 3C suppresses GSDMA-mediated lactate dehydrogenase release, bactericidal activity, and lytic cell death. This study reveals how SVV subverts host inflammatory defense by disrupting GSDMA-induced pyroptosis, thereby advancing our understanding of antiviral immunity and opening avenues for treating GSDMA-associated autoimmune diseases.
Unveiling the importance of heterotrophy for coral symbiosis under heat stress
Authors: Martinez Stephane , Grover Renaud , Ferrier-Pagès Christine 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Global warming endangers reef-building corals as they lose their photosynthetic symbionts, which limits their ability to feed autotrophically. Consequently, heterotrophy, the capture of zooplankton, can become crucial for the energy budget of heat-stressed corals. However, it is difficult to assess the extent of the heterotrophic contribution in corals, as well as the dynamics of nutrient exchange between the host and its symbionts. In this pioneering study, we employed a suite of isotopic markers, including
13
C- and
15
N bulk tissue isotope measurements, compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AAs), and
13
C- and
15
N-labeled food incubations, to investigate nutrient acquisition and allocation in the coral
Stylophora pistillata
under controlled and heat-induced bleaching conditions. Bulk isotope values and inorganic carbon assimilation remained unchanged in the bleached corals compared to the control corals, overall indicating undisturbed autotrophic activity of the symbionts under heat stress. However, CSIA-AAs showed an increased dependence on heterotrophy for amino acid synthesis in both the host and the symbionts despite reduced assimilation of
15
N-labeled food. Overall, these results suggest that although
S. pistillata
reduces its assimilation of heterotrophic food under heat stress, the acquisition of amino acids by the coral host and symbionts still relies on heterotrophy. This study emphasizes the importance of using multiple indicators to gain a comprehensive understanding of coral nutrition. It shows that coral dependence on heterotrophy is not only associated with a decline in autotrophic availability. Rather, it demonstrates the ability of
S. pistillata
to adapt its utilization of food sources to the prevailing environmental conditions.

IMPORTANCE

This work highlights that every isotopic marker displays a piece of different information concerning the diet of the model coral
S. pistillata
. By combining all markers, we observed that although
S. pistillata
exhibited reduced heterotrophic assimilation under heat stress, amino acid acquisition and synthesis remained dependent on heterotrophy. The findings emphasize the adaptability of corals in utilizing different food sources, which is vital for their resilience and recovery in changing environmental conditions. This research underscores the complexity of coral symbiosis and highlights the need for multiple indicators to understand dietary dynamics comprehensively.
Characterization of genome-wide phylogenetic conflict uncovers evolutionary modes of carnivorous fungi
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Fan Yani , Deng Wei , Chen Yue , Wang Shunxian , Kang Seogchan , Steenwyk Jacob Lucas , Xiang Meichun , Liu Xingzhong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Mass extinction has often paved the way for rapid evolutionary radiation, resulting in the emergence of diverse taxa within specific lineages. The emergence and diversification of carnivorous nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) in Ascomycota have been linked to the Permian-Triassic (PT) extinction, but the processes underlying NTF radiation remain unclear. We conducted phylogenomic analyses using 23 genomes that represent three NTF lineages, each employing distinct nematode traps—mechanical traps (
Drechslerella
spp.), three-dimensional (3D) adhesive traps (
Arthrobotrys
spp.), and two-dimensional (2D) adhesive traps (
Dactylellina
spp.), and the genome of one non-NTF species as the outgroup. These analyses revealed multiple mechanisms that likely contributed to the tempo of the NTF evolution and rapid radiation. The species tree of NTFs based on 2,944 single-copy orthologous genes suggested that
Drechslerella
emerged earlier than
Arthrobotrys
and
Dactylellina
. Extensive genome-wide phylogenetic discordance was observed, mainly due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) between lineages. Two modes of non-vertical evolution (introgression and horizontal gene transfer) also contributed to phylogenetic discordance. The ILS genes that are associated with hyphal growth and trap morphogenesis (e.g., those associated with the cell membrane system and polarized cell division) exhibited signs of positive selection.

IMPORTANCE
By conducting a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis of 23 genomes across three NTF lineages, the research reveals how diverse evolutionary mechanisms, including ILS and non-vertical evolution (introgression and horizontal gene transfer), contribute to the swift diversification of NTFs. These findings highlight the complex evolutionary dynamics that drive the rapid radiation of NTFs, providing valuable insights into the processes underlying their diversity and adaptation.
Spatio-temporal copper prospectivity in the American Cordillera predicted by positive-unlabeled machine learning
Authors: Alfonso Christopher P. , Müller R. Dietmar , Mather Ben , Anthony Michele 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Porphyry copper deposits contain the majority of the world’s discovered mineable reserves of copper. While these deposits are known to form in magmatic arcs along subduction zones, the precise contributions of different factors in the subducting and overriding plates to this process are not well constrained, making predictive prospectivity mapping difficult. Empirical machine learning-based approaches to this problem have been explored in the past but are hampered by the lack of comprehensive labeled data for training classification models.
Here we present a model trained using a semi-supervised positive-unlabeled (PU) learning algorithm, trained using only one set of labeled data: known deposit locations. Time-dependent and present-day mineral prospectivity maps created using the classifier show the past evolution and present-day state of porphyry copper mineralization in the American Cordillera, with several zones of high predicted prospectivity unrelated to any known deposits presenting potential opportunity for future exploration targeting.
Feature importance and partial dependence analysis shed light on the complex mechanisms behind porphyry copper formation, identifying thick arc crust, rapid convergence, and a sufficient supply of volatile fluids into the subduction system as the primary prerequisites for mineralization. Significantly different results between models trained on data from North or South America suggest the existence of extensive variety among porphyry copper provinces.
High values of performance metrics for North America, including receiver operating characteristic area-under-the-curve (ROC AUC), indicate that PU models are capable of exhibiting equal or better performance when compared to traditional classifiers. However, relatively poor metric scores for South American data demonstrate that model performance is not necessarily uniform across different tectonic settings and care should, therefore, be taken when applying the PU method to new areas. Nonetheless, the methods developed here are expected to be applicable to data-poor regions and time periods across the globe, potentially identifying many more potential targets for porphyry copper exploration.
Associations between growth, maturation and injury in youth athletes engaged in elite pathways: a scoping review
Authors: Parry Gemma N , Williams Sean , McKay Carly D , Johnson David J , Bergeron Michael F , Cumming Sean P 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo describe the evidence pertaining to associations between growth, maturation and injury in elite youth athletes.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesElectronic databases (SPORTDiscus, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science) searched on 30 May 2023.Eligibility criteriaOriginal studies published since 2000 using quantitative or qualitative designs investigating associations between growth, maturation and injury in elite youth athletes.ResultsFrom an initial 518 titles, 36 full-text articles were evaluated, of which 30 were eligible for final inclusion. Most studies were quantitative and employed prospective designs. Significant heterogeneity was evident across samples and in the operationalisation and measurement of growth, maturation and injury. Injury incidence and burden generally increased with maturity status, although growth-related injuries peaked during the adolescent growth spurt. More rapid growth in stature and of the lower limbs was associated with greater injury incidence and burden. While maturity timing did not show a clear or consistent association with injury, it may contribute to risk and burden due to variations in maturity status.ConclusionEvidence suggests that the processes of growth and maturation contribute to injury risk and burden in elite youth athletes, although the nature of the association varies with injury type. More research investigating the main and interactive effects on growth and maturation on injury is warranted, especially in female athletes and across a greater diversity of sports.
Impact of early caffeine administration on respiratory outcomes in very preterm infants initially receiving invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Zhao Yarui , Zhang Lidan , Zhang Mingtao , Li Shuai , Sun Xuemei , Sun Xiaolin , Yao Guo , Li Cong , Li Minmin , Song Chunyu , He Haiying , Jia Yongfeng , Jv Bing , Yu Yonghui , Zhu Yun , Wang Li 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe guidelines recommend early caffeine administration for preterm infants requiring non-invasive mechanical ventilation since earlier treatment is associated with better outcomes. The objective was to evaluate the impact of early caffeine therapy (within 24 hours after birth) on respiratory outcomes in very preterm infants who were initially receiving invasive mechanical ventilation.MethodsThis was an observation cohort study from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 based on a database that was prospectively collected and maintained. Infants who initially received invasive mechanical ventilation were divided into two groups based on the timing of caffeine initiation: within the first 24 hours after birth (early) and within 48 hours of birth or later (late). Generalised linear mixed models with a random effect model for the centre were used to assess the impact of different caffeine initiation times on neonatal outcomes.ResultsAmong the cohort of 9880 infants born at <32 weeks gestation, 2381 were eligible for this study (early initiation: 1758 (73.8%) and late initiation: 623 (26.2%)). For infants born at more than 28 weeks of gestation, the adjusted generalised linear mixed model showed that the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was 1.34 (95% CI −2.40 to –0.27) days shorter and the incidence of moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was lower (adjusted OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.96) in the early caffeine group compared with the late caffeine group.ConclusionIn very preterm infants who initially receive invasive mechanical ventilation, early administration of caffeine within 24 hours after birth can shorten the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, reduce the incidence of moderate-to-severe BPD and improve respiratory outcomes. The very early initiation of caffeine treatment does not appear to be associated with any adverse outcomes.Trial registration numberChiCTR1900025234.