bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Effizienz von faserverstärkten Kunststoffen an Holzlamellen mit kleinen Querschnitten
Authors: Arendt Stephan , Schmid Volker 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden zahlreiche Untersuchungen zum Trag‐ und Verbundverhalten von faserverstärkten Holzquerschnitten durchgeführt. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag dabei auf Glas‐ und Kohlenstofffaserverstärkungen im Verbund mit Brettschichtholzträgern größeren Querschnitts. Im Zuge eines Forschungsprojekts zu kleinen Gitternetztonnenschalen wurden an der TU‐Berlin faserverstärkte Fichtenholzquerschnitte geringer Querschnittsgröße mit Glasfaser‐ oder Kohlenstofffaserverstärkungen untersucht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse zum Trag‐, Verbund‐ und Verformungsverhalten dieser kleinteiligen Lamellenquerschnitte vorgestellt. Im Vergleich zu den bekannten Verstärkungen von Brettschichtholz werden hier sehr hohe effektive Bewehrungsgehalte erreicht. Gleichzeitig ist die zur Verfügung stehende Verbundfläche zwischen Holz und Faserverstärkung deutlich größer.The efficiency of fibre reinforced timber lamellas with reduced hightIn recent decades the load bearing mechanisms and composite action of fibre reinforced timber beams were investigated in several research projects, with a focus on the reinforcement of larger timber sections, mainly gluelam beams, with a glass or fibre reinforcement glued to the bottom side of the beam. In contrast, the efficiency of a fibre reinforcement for slender timber lamellas was assessed in a recent research project at the Technische Universität Berlin. The load bearing capacity, composite action and the displacements were tested in different test setups and are presented in this paper. In comparison with the previous research, which concentrated on reinforced gluelam beams, the reinforcement ratios are quite high in the current research project. At the same time the area provided for the bond between timber and fibre reinforcement is comparably higher.
Sicherheitsaspekte der Tragstruktur von Offshore‐Windenergieanlagen
Authors: Kelma Sebastian , Schmoor Kirill Alexander , Goretzka Jan , Hansen Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOffshore‐Windenergieanlagen (OWEA) sind den Beanspruchungen aus Wind, Seegang und Anlagenbetrieb ausgesetzt. Während ihrer Lebensdauer treten umweltbedingte veränderliche Einwirkungen auf, die zu zyklischen Beanspruchungen der Tragstruktur führen. Bei OWEA mit Jacket‐Unterstrukturen sind im Rahmen der Tragfähigkeitsanalyse vor allem die axial beanspruchten Gründungspfähle und die ausbetonierten Rohr‐in‐Rohr‐Steckverbindungen zwischen Jacket und Gründungspfahl (sogenannte Grouted Joints) relevant.In diesem Beitrag werden die Jacket‐Unterstruktur und die Pfahlgründung einer OWEA mit probabilistischen Methoden untersucht. Die dafür verwendeten methodischen Ansätze und Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Tragfähigkeit von Gründungselementen werden beschrieben. Als Eingangswerte werden die aus Messwerten abgeleiteten Auftrittswahrscheinlichkeiten von Wind und Seegang verwendet. Zur Beschreibung der Bodentragfähigkeit gehen probabilistische Modelle ein. Die Ergebnisse der zuverlässigkeitstheoretischen Analyse werden zu den üblichen Berechnungen nach aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Regelwerken in Bezug gesetzt. Aus diesem qualitativen und quantitativen Vergleich resultieren Empfehlungen für die probabilistische Bemessung von Offshore‐Gründungen.Safety aspects for support structures of offshore wind turbinesOffshore wind turbines (OWT) are subjected to loads induced by wind, sea and operation. During their life‐time environmental varying impacts occur, which lead to cyclic loading of the support structure. Within the structural analysis of OWTs with jacket substructures, especially the proofs of the ultimate limit state for the axially‐loaded foundation pile and for the grouted pile‐in‐sleeve connection between jacket and foundation pile (so‐called grouted joints) are relevant.In this paper the jacket substructure and the piled foundation of an OWT are investigated by applying probabilistic methods. The methodical approaches and procedures to determine the load‐bearing capacity of the foundation are described. Input values for the environmental impacts of wind and sea are taken into account by their probability distributions. The stochastic pile bearing capacity is derived by applying probabilistic models. The result of the reliability‐based analysis is compared to the structural analysis as stated in valid standards, and derived recommendations are given for the probabilistic design of offshore foundations.
Hochkomplexe Lamellenfassade für weitgespannte Dachschale
Authors: Jacob‐Freitag Susanne 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNach drei Jahren Bauzeit öffnete am 7. Juni 2014 der neue “Kaeng Krachan” Elefantenpark im Zoo Zürich (Bild 1). Mit insgesamt etwa 11000 m2 ist er sechsmal so groß wie die alte Anlage. Das darin eingebettete Elefantenhaus ist die neue Unterkunft der bis zu zehn asiatischen Elefanten und bauliche Attraktion des Parks. Neben dem außergewöhnlichen Dachtragwerk, das bereits im Beitrag von WOLFRAM KÜBLER vorgestellt wurde, wird in diesem Fachaufsatz die Fassadenkonstruktion beleuchtet, bei der nahezu jedes Bauteil aufgrund der Dachgeometrie ein Unikat ist.Highly complex lamella façade for widespread roof‐shellAfter three years of construction time the new “Kaeng Krachan” Elephant Park at Zoo Zürich opened on the 7th of June 2014 (Photo 1). With about 11000 m2 the park is six times bigger as the old one. The Elephant‐House in the middle of the park is the new lodging of the up to ten elephants. The building is a special attraction concerning its structural works: Beside the extraordinary construction of the roof‐shell, which was just presented in an article of WOLFRAM KÜBLER, the following pages will illuminate the construction of the facade, in which nearly every structural element is unique due to geometry of the roof‐shell.
Herstellung von Schalentragwerken aus Beton mit der “Pneumatic Wedge Method”
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDer hohe Aufwand für Schalung und Rüstung machte Betonschalen in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend unwirtschaftlicher, bis der Neubau in den 1970er‐Jahren annähernd stagnierte. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt ein neu entwickeltes Schalenbauverfahren mithilfe von pneumatischer Schalung. Eine ebene, vollständig ausgehärtete bewehrte Betonplatte wird durch gleichzeitiges Aufblasen und Vorspannen zu einem mehrfach gekrümmten Schalentragwerk verkrümmt. Um die großen Dehnungen in Ringrichtung aufnehmen zu können, werden keilförmige Auslässe aus der Platte ausgespart. Die großen auftretenden Krümmungen in den Querschnitten der einzelnen blütenblattförmigen Betonelemente werden durch die Bewehrung in Form von nichtrostenden Stahlseilen aufgenommen. Nach Abschluss des Verkrümmungsvorgangs werden die Spannlitzen an der Verankerung verkeilt und die Baufugen zwischen den einzelnen Elementen verspachtelt. Durch den geringen finanziellen Aufwand für die pneumatische Schalung und die kurze Bauzeit können Kosten und Ressourcen gespart und Schalentragwerke wirtschaftlich hergestellt werden.Building shell structures out of reinforced concrete using the “Pneumatic Wedge Method”A new construction method called “Pneumatic Wedge Method” was invented at the Institute for Structural Engineering at Vienna University of Technology. The idea behind this new construction method is to build concrete shells with double curvature originating from an initially plane plate. During the transformation process, the elements of hardened concrete are bent until the final form of the shell structure is reached. The steel ropes (5 mm diameter), used as reinforcement, are able to absorb the occurring strains during the distortion. Pneumatic wedges, mounted between the concrete elements, protect the thin foil used as lifting formwork and regulate the distance of these concrete elements during the transformation process. Additional post‐tensioning cables support the shaping process and are locked at the anchor bodies to fix the form of the concrete shell. Finally the joints between the elements are filled with grout.
Tetranuclear [Mn2Co2], [Mn2Fe2], and [Mn2Mn2] Complexes with Defective Double‐Cubane Cores and Phenoxo and Oxo Bridges: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Electronic Properties
Authors: Malpaharia Pijush , Pramanik Koushik , Costes Jean‐Pierre , Tuchagues Jean‐Pierre , Moulton Brian , Zaworotko Michael J. , Das Babulal , Chandra Swapan K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThree new tetranuclear complexes [MnIII2CoIII2O2(L)2][ClO4]2 (1), [MnIII2FeIII2O2(L)2][ClO4]2 (2), and [MnIII2MnIII2O2(L)2][MnII(NCS)4] (3) have been synthesized through reactions of the mononuclear [MnIIIL] precursor with the corresponding metal perchlorate under aerobic conditions [H3L = tris(2‐salicylaldimine)amine, a condensation product between tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine and salicylaldehyde in a 1:3 molar ratio]. These compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic and analytical techniques including single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. The structure of 1 consists of oxo‐/phenoxo‐bridged CoIII and MnIII centers in a defective double‐cubane topology. The molecules of 2 and 3 have similar structures with the CoIII centers changed to FeIII centers in 2 and to MnIII centers in 3. These isostructural complexes have been scrutinized with regard to changes in distortions (distances and angles) of the metal coordination spheres. Magnetic studies indicate that 1, 2, and 3 show predominant antiferromagnetic interactions. Changes in the electronic properties concomitant with changes in the distortions in 1, 2, and 3 are analyzed in terms of magnetostructural correlations.
Three‐dimensional numerical simulation of red blood cell motion in Poiseuille flows
Authors: Shi Lingling , Pan Tsorng‐Whay , Glowinski Roland 
Published: August 2014

SUMMARYAn immersed boundary method based on an FEM has been successfully combined with an elastic spring network model for simulating the dynamical behavior of a red blood cell (RBC) in Poiseuille flows. This elastic spring network preserves the biconcave shape of the RBC in the sense that after the removal of the body force for driving the Poiseuille flow, the RBC with its typical parachute shape in a tube does restore its biconcave resting shape. As a benchmark test, the relationship between the deformation index and the capillary number of the RBCs flowing through a narrow cylindrical tube has been validated. For the migration properties of a single cell in a slit Poiseuille flow, a slipper shape accompanied by a cell membrane tank‐treading motion is obtained for Re , and the cell mass center is away from the center line of the channel due to its asymmetric slipper shape. For the lower Re ⩽0.0137, an RBC with almost undeformed biconcave shape has a tumbling motion. A transition from tumbling to tank‐treading happens at the Reynolds number between 0.0137 and 0.03. In slit Poiseuille flow, the RBC can also exhibit a rolling motion like a wheel during the migration when the cell is released in the fluid flow with φ = π/2 and θ = π/2 (see Figure 12 for the definition of φ and θ). The lower the Reynolds number, the longer the rolling motion lasts; but the equilibrium shape and position are independent from the cell initial position in the channel. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The rediscovery of infinite slope model / Die Wiederentdeckung der unendlich langen Böschung
Authors: Fellin Wolfgang 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe infinite slope model is very simple and its essential conclusion is that the maximum inclination of a cohesionless slope is equal to the friction angle of the soil. In combination with generally used failure models for cohesionless soils this assumption leads to an overestimation of slope stability. Alternative estimations for slope stability are presented in this contribution.Das Modell der unendlich langen Böschung ist sehr einfach und liefert als klassische Schlussfolgerung, dass die maximale Neigung einer kohäsionslosen Böschung gleich dem Reibungswinkel des Bodens ist. Dies liegt für die im Allgemeinen verwendeten Versagensmodelle kohäsionsloser Böden für steilere Böschungen deutlich auf der unsicheren Seite. In diesem Beitrag werden alternative Abschätzungen angeführt.
Extremal H‐Colorings of Graphs with Fixed Minimum Degree
Authors: Engbers John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractFor graphs G and H, a homomorphism from G to H, or H‐coloring of G, is a map from the vertices of G to the vertices of H that preserves adjacency. When H is composed of an edge with one looped endvertex, an H‐coloring of G corresponds to an independent set in G. Galvin showed that, for sufficiently large n, the complete bipartite graph is the n‐vertex graph with minimum degree δ that has the largest number of independent sets. In this article, we begin the project of generalizing this result to arbitrary H. Writing for the number of H‐colorings of G, we show that for fixed H and or ,

urn:x-wiley:03649024:media:jgt21820:jgt21820-math-0005for any n‐vertex G with minimum degree δ (for sufficiently large n). We also provide examples of H for which the maximum is achieved by and other H for which the maximum is achieved by . For (and sufficiently large n), we provide an infinite family of H for which for any n‐vertex G with minimum degree δ. The results generalize to weighted H‐colorings.
In vitro assessment of the multifunctional bioactive potential of Alaska pollock skin collagen following simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Guo Lidong , Harnedy Pádraigín A , Zhang Li , Li Bafang , Zhang Zhaohui , Hou Hu , Zhao Xue , FitzGerald Richard J 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDDietary mineral deficiency, hypertension and diabetes have become serious human health problems. Dietary approaches are increasingly being investigated to address these issues. Identification of food‐derived biological peptides has become an important approach to control such diseases. Peptides generated from aquatic byproducts have been shown to possess biological activities.RESULTSSignificantly higher copper‐chelating activity was observed on simulated hydrolysis of intact collagen. The collagen hydrolysate generated in the gastric stage exhibited moderate angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 2.92 ± 0.22 mg mL−1, which significantly decreased to 0.49 ± 0.02 mg mL−1 after intestinal digestion. The dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV‐inhibitory potency of the collagen hydrolysate generated directly following simulated gastrointestinal digestion (SGID) (IC50 2.59 ± 0.04 mg mL−1) was significantly lower than that of the collagen tryptic hydrolysate (CTH) (IC50 1.53 ± 0.01 mg mL−1). The antioxidant activities of collagen and CTH using the ferric‐reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were 0.87 ± 0.10 and 1.27 ± 0.03 µmol Trolox equivalent (TE) g−1 respectively after SGID.CONCLUSIONThis study identifies collagen as a good and inexpensive substrate for the generation of biologically active peptides with potential applications as functional ingredients in the management of chronic illness and mineral deficiency problems. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Living Shoreline in a Confined, Non‐Tidal Waterway Subject to Heavy Shipping Traffic
Authors: De Roo S. , Troch P. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRiver bank erosion is a point of concern along navigable waterways because it increases the likelihood of bank failure. In non‐tidal and restricted fetch waterways, bank failure is mainly the result of extreme weather events and ship wave action. To counteract progressive bank erosion, nature‐friendly bank protection (a ‘living’ shoreline) has been installed in a stretch of the Lys (Belgium). It consists of off‐bank timber piling, which separates the fairway from the shallow water riverine environment, and a reed belt, planted at the base of the vertical cut bank. To evaluate its effectiveness, short‐term and long‐term field studies were carried out. The long‐term topographic survey did not reveal a clear difference in bank erosion rates between the surveyed nature‐friendly protected and naturally eroding embayments. Horizontal bank retreat could however not be linked directly to occasional flooding events and frequent ship wave action, although the latter's influence was inferred qualitatively. Based on velocity and turbidity measurements, the short‐term study pointed out the importance of an individual ship's wave action on bed and bank erosion behind the off‐bank timber piling. All ships were able to resuspend sandy bed sediments; yet, only a significant higher sediment volume was transported because of shipping traffic of the European Conference of Ministers of Transport (ECMT) classes IV and Va. If ship wave energy exceeded 45 Jm−2, silty bank particles were dislodged from the river bank. Although validation of the results by longer term assessments may complete the physical insight in river bank erosion, the study indicated that this particular bank protecting configuration does not provide sufficient protection against ship wave action and does not adequately prevent further bank erosion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-yield recombinant xylanase production by Aspergillus nidulans under pyridoxine limitation
Authors: Müller Michael , Segato Fernando , Prade Rolf A , Wilkins Mark R 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The present study investigated the limitation of pyridoxine on an Aspergillus nidulans culture that produces xylanase B (XynB) as a client enzyme and was unable to synthesize pyridoxine. This technique was used to limit cell growth and divert substrate to product formation for a surface grown culture that could be used in trickle bed reactors. It was observed that growth was limited when pyridoxine was absent, while enzyme production was unaffected. Enzyme production was 1,026 U after 480 h of continuous fermentation, which was similar to a culture that grew on medium with pyridoxine. Furthermore, the present study investigated the growth rate of A. nidulans with pyridoxine in the medium and determined the productivity of XynB production with and without pyridoxine. A maximum growth rate of 0.311/h was observed. The maximum XynB productivity of 21.14 U/g h was achieved when pyridoxine was not added to the medium.
Causal nexus between economic growth, banking sector development, stock market development, and other macroeconomic variables: The case of ASEAN countries
Authors: Pradhan Rudra P. , Arvin Mak B. , Hall John H. , Bahmani Sahar 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between banking sector development, stock market development, economic growth, and four other macroeconomic variables in ASEAN countries for the period 1961–2012. Using principal component analysis for the construction of the development indices and a panel vector auto‐regressive model for testing the Granger causalities, this study finds the presence of both unidirectional and bidirectional causality links between these variables. The study contributes to understanding the importance of the interrelationship between the variables and combines the different strands of the literature. It also contributes to the literature by focusing on a group of countries that have not been studied before. One particular policy recommendation is to make the banking sector more accessible for those country's inhabitants that do not have bank accounts. Another policy recommendation is to nurture stock market development, which will facilitate the increased raising of capital for investment purposes to enhance economic growth.
Upward movement of buried seeds: another ecological role of dung beetles promoting seedling establishment
Authors: Santos-Heredia Carolina , Andresen Ellen 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:Dung beetles are known to perform important ecological functions, such as secondary seed dispersal of vertebrate-defecated seeds. We found that dung beetles also move buried seeds upwards, with positive consequences for seedling establishment. In the Lacandon rain forest of southern Mexico we conducted field experiments to address three questions: (1) What proportions of different-sized seeds buried by dung beetles are exhumed by them? (2) Does upward relocation of seeds caused by dung beetle activity promote seedling establishment? (3) Does recurrent beetle activity increase seedling establishment? Using 4-mm, 8-mm and 12-mm beads as seed mimics, embedded in howler-monkey dung, we found that 2–6% of buried beads were later exhumed by beetles, with smaller beads exhumed more often. In small plots (N = 100) where beetles were allowed to bury dung and seed rain was excluded, seedling establishment was over three times higher compared with plots without beetle activity. In plots (N = 8) where we placed dung on four occasions in 1 mo, seedling establishment was more than twice as high compared with plots with single-time dung placement. We believe that our findings open up interesting research opportunities to help further elucidate this newly discovered ecological function of dung beetles.
Molecular analysis of NAD+-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase from the zygomycetous fungus Rhizomucor pusillus and reversal of the coenzyme preference
Authors: Yamasaki-Yashiki Shino , Komeda Hidenobu , Hoshino Kazuhiro , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The zygomycetous fungus Rhizomucor pusillus NBRC 4578 is able to ferment not only d-glucose but also d-xylose into ethanol. Xylitol dehydrogenase from R. pusillus NBRC 4578 (RpXDH), which catalyzes the second step of d-xylose metabolism, was purified, and its enzymatic properties were characterized. The purified RpXDH preferred NAD+ as its coenzyme and showed substrate specificity for xylitol, d-sorbitol, and ribitol. cDNA cloning of xyl2 gene encoding RpXDH revealed that the gene included a coding sequence of 1,092 bp with a molecular mass of 39,185 kDa. Expression of the xyl2 in R. pusillus NBRC 4578 was induced by d-xylose, and the expression levels were increased with accumulation of xylitol. The xyl2 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and coenzyme preference of the recombinant RpXDH was reversed from NAD+ to NADP+ in the double mutant D205A/I206R by site-directed mutagenesis.
Redundancy of primary RNA-binding functions of the bacterial transcription terminator Rho
Authors: Shashni Rajesh , Qayyum M. Zuhaib , Vishalini V. , Dey Debashish , Sen Ranjan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The bacterial transcription terminator, Rho, terminates transcription at half of the operons. According to the classical model derived from in vitro assays on a few terminators, Rho is recruited to the transcription elongation complex (EC) by recognizing specific sites (rut) on the nascent RNA. Here, we explored the mode of in vivo recruitment process of Rho. We show that sequence specific recognition of the rut site, in majority of the Rho-dependent terminators, can be compromised to a great extent without seriously affecting the genome-wide termination function as well as the viability of Escherichia coli. These terminators function optimally only through a NusG-assisted recruitment and activation of Rho. Our data also indicate that at these terminators, Rho-EC-bound NusG interaction facilitates the isomerization of Rho into a translocase-competent form by stabilizing the interactions of mRNA with the secondary RNA binding site, thereby overcoming the defects of the primary RNA binding functions.