bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transporter-mediated depletion of extracellular proline directly contributes to plant pattern-triggered immunity against a bacterial pathogen
Authors: Rogan Conner J. , Pang Yin-Yuin , Mathews Sophie D. , Turner Sydney E. , Weisberg Alexandra J. , Lehmann Silke , Rentsch Doris , Anderson Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPlants possess cell surface-localized immune receptors that detect microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and initiate defenses that provide effective resistance against microbial pathogens. Many MAMP-induced signaling pathways and cellular responses are known, yet how pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) limits pathogen growth in plants is poorly understood. Through a combined metabolomics and genetics approach, we discovered that plant-exuded proline is a virulence-inducing signal and nutrient for the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, and that MAMP-induced depletion of proline from the extracellular spaces of Arabidopsis leaves directly contributes to PTI against P. syringae. We further show that MAMP-induced depletion of extracellular proline requires the amino acid transporter Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 (LHT1). This study demonstrates that depletion of a single extracellular metabolite is an effective component of plant induced immunity. Given the important role for amino acids as nutrients for microbial growth, their depletion at sites of infection may be a broadly effective means for defense against many pathogens.
Future hydrogen economies imply environmental trade-offs and a supply-demand mismatch
Authors: Terlouw Tom , Rosa Lorenzo , Bauer Christian , McKenna Russell 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHydrogen will play a key role in decarbonizing economies. Here, we quantify the costs and environmental impacts of possible large-scale hydrogen economies, using four prospective hydrogen demand scenarios for 2050 ranging from 111–614 megatonne H2 year−1. Our findings confirm that renewable (solar photovoltaic and wind) electrolytic hydrogen production generates at least 50–90% fewer greenhouse gas emissions than fossil-fuel-based counterparts without carbon capture and storage. However, electrolytic hydrogen production could still result in considerable environmental burdens, which requires reassessing the concept of green hydrogen. Our global analysis highlights a few salient points: (i) a mismatch between economical hydrogen production and hydrogen demand across continents seems likely; (ii) region-specific limitations are inevitable since possibly more than 60% of large hydrogen production potentials are concentrated in water-scarce regions; and (iii) upscaling electrolytic hydrogen production could be limited by renewable power generation and natural resource potentials.
Drastic increase in the magnitude of very rare summer-mean vapor pressure deficit extremes
Authors: Hermann Mauro , Wernli Heini , Röthlisberger Matthias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSummers with extremely high vapor pressure deficit contribute to crop losses, ecosystem damages, and wildfires. Here, we identify very rare summer vapor pressure deficit extremes globally in reanalysis data and climate model simulations, and quantify the contributions of temperature and atmospheric moisture anomalies to their intensity. The simulations agree with reanalysis data regarding these physical characteristics of historic vapor pressure deficit extremes, and show a +33/+28% increase in their intensity in the northern/southern mid-latitudes over this century. About half of this drastic increase in the magnitude of extreme vapor pressure deficit anomalies is due to climate warming, since this quantity depends exponentially on temperature. Further contributing factors are increasing temperature variability (e.g., in Europe) and the expansion of soil moisture-limited regions. This study shows that to avoid amplified impacts of future vapor pressure deficit extremes, ecosystems and crops must become more resilient not only to an increasing mean vapor pressure deficit, but additionally also to larger seasonal anomalies of this quantity.
Grand canonically optimized grain boundary phases in hexagonal close-packed titanium
Authors: Chen Enze , Heo Tae Wook , Wood Brandon C. , Asta Mark , Frolov Timofey 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGrain boundaries (GBs) profoundly influence the properties and performance of materials, emphasizing the importance of understanding the GB structure and phase behavior. As recent computational studies have demonstrated the existence of multiple GB phases associated with varying the atomic density at the interface, we introduce a validated, open-source GRand canonical Interface Predictor (GRIP) tool that automates high-throughput, grand canonical optimization of GB structures. While previous studies of GB phases have almost exclusively focused on cubic systems, we demonstrate the utility of GRIP in an application to hexagonal close-packed titanium. We perform a systematic high-throughput exploration of tilt GBs in titanium and discover previously unreported structures and phase transitions. In low-angle boundaries, we demonstrate a coupling between point defect absorption and the change in the GB dislocation network topology due to GB phase transformations, which has important implications for the accommodation of radiation-induced defects.
Atmospheric-river-induced foehn events drain glaciers on Novaya Zemlya
Authors: Haacker J. , Wouters B. , Fettweis X. , Glissenaar I. A. , Box J. E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, climate extremes have been grabbing attention as important drivers of environmental change. Here, we assemble an observational inventory of energy and mass fluxes to quantify the ice loss from glaciers on the Russian High Arctic archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. Satellite altimetry reveals that 70 ± 19% of the 149 ± 29 Gt mass loss between 2011 and 2022 occurred in just four high-melt years. We find that 71 ± 3% of the melt, including the top melt cases, are driven by extreme energy imports from atmospheric rivers. The majority of ice loss occurs on leeward slopes due to foehn winds. 45 of the 54 high-melt days (>1 Gt d−1) in 1990 to 2022 show a combination of atmospheric rivers and foehn winds. Therefore, the frequency and intensity of atmospheric rivers demand accurate representation for reliable future glacier melt projections for the Russian High Arctic.
Genomic characterization of Volzhskoe tick virus (Bunyaviricetes) from a Hyalomma marginatum tick, Hungary
Authors: Földvári Gábor , Tauber Zsófia , Tóth Gábor Endre , Cadar Dániel , Bialonski Alexandra , Horváth Balázs , Szabó Éva , Lanszki Zsófia , Zana Brigitta , Varga Zsaklin , Földes Fanni , Kemenesi Gábor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHyalomma marginatum, a vector for the high-consequence pathogen, the Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), needs particular attention due to its impact on public health. Although it is a known vector for CCHFV, its general virome is largely unexplored. Here, we report findings from a citizen science monitoring program aimed to understand the prevalence and diversity of tick-borne pathogens, particularly focusing on Hyalomma ticks in Hungary. In 2021, we identified one adult specimen of Hyalomma marginatum and subjected it to Illumina-based viral metagenomic sequencing. Our analysis revealed sequences of the uncharacterized Volzhskoe tick virus, an unclassified member of the class Bunyaviricetes. The in silico analysis uncovered key genetic regions, including the glycoprotein and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) coding regions. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between our Volzhskoe tick virus sequences and other unclassified Bunyaviricetes species. These related species of unclassified Bunyaviricetes were detected in vastly different geolocations. These findings highlight the remarkable diversity of tick specific viruses and emphasize the need for further research to understand the transmissibility, seroreactivity or the potential pathogenicity of Volzhskoe tick virus and related species.
Integrating network pharmacology with pharmacological research to elucidate the mechanism of modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction in treating porcine epidemic diarrhea
Authors: Cui Jinzhong , Li Xuehua , Kang Yu , Li Peng , Guo Xinling , Zhao Wei , Yang Li , Yang Qinxin , Li Ru , Liu Xingyou , Sun Zilong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPorcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) poses a significant threat to neonatal piglets, particularly due to the limited efficacy of existing vaccines and the scarcity of efficacious therapeutic drugs. Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) has been employed for over two millennia in treating infectious diarrhea. Nonetheless, further scrutiny is required to improve the drug’s efficacy and elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. In this study, a modified GQD (MGQD) was developed and demonstrated its capacity to inhibit the replication of PEDV. Animal trials indicated that MGQD effectively alleviated pathological damage in immune tissues and modulated T-lymphocyte subsets. The integration of network analysis with UHPLC-MS/MS facilitated the identification of active ingredients within MGQD and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects against PEDV infections. In vitro studies revealed that MGQD significantly impeded PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells, promoting cellular growth via virucidal activity, inhibition of viral attachment, and disruption of viral biosynthesis. Furthermore, MGQD treatment led to increased expression levels of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-λ3, while concurrently decreasing the expression of TNF-α, thereby enhancing resistance to PEDV infection in IPEC-J2 cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that MGQD holds promise as a novel antiviral agent for the treatment of PEDV infections.
Monitoring kardiovaskulärer Notfälle in der Notaufnahme
Authors: Jung Christian , Bernhard Michael 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu?
Sofortmaßnahmen und Ersteinschätzung Das übergreifende Ziel für kardiovaskuläre Notfallpatienten ist die rasche Einschätzung des Zustandes und ggf. die zügige Verlegung in eine geeignete Zielstation. Dabei ist es eine differenzierte Indikation für das kardiovaskuläre Monitoring entscheidend, um trotz begrenzter Überwachungsressourcen eine hohe Patientensicherheit gewährleisten zu können. Nach der Ersteinschätzung wird unter Nutzung des evaluierten Leitsymptoms ein Basismonitoring etabliert, das nach weiterer differenzialdiagnostischer Abklärung eskaliert oder deeskaliert wird.
Basismonitoring Ein klinikeinheitlicher Standard wird empfohlen. Je nach ergänzend vorliegenden Pathologien und Störungen der Vitalfunktionen kann das Basismonitoring durch geeignete Maßnahmen ergänzt werden.
Symptomorientiertes Monitoring Der Umfang des erweiterten Monitorings ist abhängig vom Leitsymptom. In der Notaufnahme werden Patienten primär mit einem führenden Leitsymptom vorstellig, und erst sekundär (nach erfolgter Differenzialdiagnostik) lässt sich eine Arbeitsdiagnose zuordnen.
Polymyalgia rheumatica – Was gibt es Neues?
Authors: Schmidt Wolfgang A 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu?
Interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit: Aktuell werden nur 25% aller
PMR-Patienten (PMR: Polymyalgia rheumatica) fachärztlich-rheumatologisch überwiesen. Eine
Expertenkommission empfahl kürzlich die fachärztliche Diagnosebestätigung. Dadurch können
Fehldiagnosen und Krankenhausaufenthalte vermieden sowie niedrigere Glukokortikoiddosen
erreicht werden.
Bildgebende Untersuchungen: Mithilfe der Sonografie, MRT oder
PET-CT lassen sich typische periartikuläre entzündliche Veränderungen finden, insbesondere im
Schulter- und Beckengürtelbereich, wobei für den klinischen Alltag die Sonografie meist
ausreichend ist.
Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA) bei PMR: Bei 20–25% aller neu
diagnostizierten PMR-Patienten ohne RZA-Symptome lässt sich sonografisch eine RZA nachweisen.
Diese Patienten mit „stiller“ RZA benötigen dieselbe Therapie wie andere RZA-Patienten.
Zunehmend wird von einer RZA-PMR-Spektrum-Erkrankung ausgegangen.
Therapie Glukokortikoide sind weiterhin die Hauptsäule in der
Therapie. Der Interleukin-6-Inhibitor Sarilumab wurde kürzlich in den USA für rezidivierende
PMR zugelassen. Studien konnten auch eine Wirksamkeit von Tocilizumab zeigen.
Nierenkrankheiten: Neues aus den KDIGO-Leitlinien
Authors: Ketteler Markus 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu?
Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease Das Update 2024 betrifft die Empfehlungen zur Einschätzung und zum generellen Management chronischer Nierenkrankheiten. Das Update wurde um sog. „Clinical Practice Points“ ergänzt, die zwar von der aktuellen Evidenzlage abgeleitet wurden, aber nicht zwingend durch prospektive kontrollierte Studien umfassend belegt sind.
Lupus-Nephritis Die wesentliche Änderung des Updates 2024 betrifft die Empfehlungen zur Induktionstherapie (inklusive Belimumab, Calcineurin-Inhibitor) der Lupus-Nephritis-Klassen III und IV. Nach wie vor bestehen hier als Basis die hochdosierte Glukokortikoid-Behandlung sowie der Einsatz von Hydroxychloroquin.
ANCA-assoziierte Nephritis Die beiden neuen Entwicklungen im Update 2024 waren die Studien zum Einsatz des C5a-Rezeptor-Inhibitors Avacopan und die zunehmende Datenlage zu Induktionsprotokollen mit reduzierter Glukokortikoid-Dosierung.
Standardisierte Blutdruckmessungen Aufgrund der Uneinheitlichkeit und Variabilität der Bedingungen, unter denen Blutdruckmessungen in der Praxis erfolgen, erfolgte ein Internationales Konsensus-Statement, welches 4 Schritte festlegt, um eine ausreichende Validität der Messergebnisse zu erreichen. In der Quintessenz wird die automatisierte Oberarmmessung unter entspannten Ruhebedingungen empfohlen.
CKD-MBD Controversies Conference 2023 Das Update befindet sich in Bearbeitung und wurde noch nicht veröffentlicht. Vorerst ergaben sich aber keine gravierenden Widersprüche zwischen der Datenlage 2023 und den Leitlinien von 2017 – möglicherweise hat sich die Risikoeinschätzung bezüglich kalziumhaltiger Phosphatbinder relativiert.
Therapie der chronischen extremitätenbedrohenden Ischämie
Authors: Thieme Marcus , Krankenberg Hans 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu?Die Inzidenz der peripheren arteriellen Verschlusskrankheit (PAVK) steigt weltweit und kontinuierlich. Dabei nimmt mit zunehmendem Alter auch die Prävalenz der chronischen Extremitäten-bedrohenden Ischämie (engl.: chronic limb-threatening ischemia, CLTI) auf bis zu 0,4% der Gesamtbevölkerung zu. Die Frage, ob eine interventionelle oder operative Rekanalisation bessere Ergebnisse bei CLTI-Patienten liefert, sollte durch zwei großangelegte Studien geklärt werden, deren Ergebnisse kürzlich publiziert wurden. In der Best-CLI-Studie wurden 1830 Patienten mit CLTI randomisiert. Nach einem medianen Follow-up (FU) von 2,7 Jahren zeigten die mit Venen-Bypässen versorgten Patienten gegenüber den interventionell behandelten Patienten signifikant bessere Resultate. In der BASIL-2-Studie wurden 345 Patienten mit CLTI eingeschlossen. Nach einem medianen FU von 40 Monaten ergab sich eine Überlegenheit der endovaskulären Therapie, die bei CLTI als First-line-Strategie empfohlen wird.
Interpretation der Studienergebnisse Unterschiedliche Endpunkte und unterschiedliche Gefäß-Läsionen liefern unterschiedliche Studienergebnisse! In der Best-CLI schnitt die Interventionsgruppe schlechter ab, obwohl es keine Unterschiede in Bezug auf Major-Amputationen oder Tod gab. In BASIL-2 schnitten die operierten Patienten schlechter ab als die endovaskuläre Gruppe. Die hohe Mortalität bleibt das Hauptproblem der CLTI-Patienten.
Operation vs. Intervention bei CLTI? Beide Studien bestätigen grundsätzlich, dass Patienten mit CLTI in Zentren behandelt werden sollen, die alle Revaskularisationsverfahren anbieten. Bei langstreckigen femoropoplitealen Läsionen und CLTI sollte der Venen-Bypass künftig eine größere Rolle spielen, wogegen bei kruralen Läsionen und CLTI weiterhin eine Endovascular-first-Strategie zu bevorzugen ist. Zudem ist die Konzentration auf die reine Gefäß-Läsion obsolet: Vielmehr müssen kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren eingestellt sowie internistische Grunderkrankungen behandelt werden, um die hohe Mortalität dieses Patientenklientels zu senken.
Sleep Disorders in Women: What Should a Gynecologist Know?
Authors: Aksan Alperen , Dilbaz Berna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWomen often face sleep disturbances during key life stages such as adolescence, pregnancy, postpartum period, and perimenopause, influenced by hormonal fluctuations and conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The goal is to explore women’s sleep disorders as classified in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 (ICSD-3). Through a literature review, this study assesses the management of sleep disorders in women, particularly focusing on the link between gynecological disease and sleep disorders. It scrutinizes landmark research in diagnosing and treating women’s sleep disorders. Observations indicate that physiological changes during adolescence, pregnancy, postpartum, and perimenopause can cause sleep issues, commonly addressed by gynecologists. Conditions like PCOS and PMS are notably linked to increased sleep disorder occurrences. The conclusion underscores the importance of gynecologists’ awareness of the heightened
risk of sleep disturbances in women, who often present these issues during consultations.
Axially Chiral Phenanthroline Ligand-Enabled Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective Arylation of Azonaphthalenes with Arylboronic Acids
Authors: Cen Shouyi , Zhang Zhipeng , Wang Ruiyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn axially chiral phenanthroline ligand bearing two BINOL units was found to be capable of promoting the copper-catalyzed enantioselective arylation of 2-azonaphthalenes with arylboronic acids. This atroposelective Michael-type addition affords a range of enantioenriched axially chiral biaryl compounds in synthetically useful yields with enantiomeric ratios of up to 91.5:8.5.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Khan Faiz Ahmed , Fatma Musarrat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis report outlines an intramolecular oxidative annulation process involving N-substituted o-amino phenylacetylene, performed under electrochemical conditions, which yields substituted quinoline in an undivided cell at room temperature. The reaction features mild conditions, requiring neither external oxidants nor metals, and achieves yields that range from good to excellent. Moreover, the synthetic potential of quinoline has been demonstrated resulting in the synthesis of substituted polycyclic isoindolinone and (aza-)isoindolinone compounds.
A predictive score for atrial fibrillation in poststroke patients
Authors: Teixeira Caroliny Trevisan , Rizelio Vanessa , Robles Alexandre , Barros Levi Coelho Maia , Silva Gisele Sampaio , Andrade João Brainer Clares de 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for cerebral ischemia. Identifying the presence of AF, especially in paroxysmal cases, may take time and lacks clear support in the literature regarding the optimal investigative approach; in resource-limited settings, identifying a higher-risk group for AF can assist in planning further investigation.
Objective To develop a scoring tool to predict the risk of incident AF in the poststroke follow-up.
Methods A retrospective longitudinal study with data collected from electronic medical records of patients hospitalized and followed up for cerebral ischemia from 2014 to 2021 at a tertiary stroke center. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram data, as well as neuroimaging data, were collected. Stepwise logistic regression was employed to identify associated variables. A score with integer numbers was created based on beta coefficients. Calibration and validation were performed to evaluate accuracy.
Results We included 872 patients in the final analysis. The score was created with left atrial diameter ≥ 42 mm (2 points), age ≥ 70 years (1 point), presence of septal aneurysm (2 points), and score ≥ 6 points at admission on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; 1 point). The score ranges from 0 to 6. Patients with a score ≥ 2 points had a fivefold increased risk of having AF detected in the follow-up. The area under the curve (AUC) was of 0.77 (0.72–0.85).
Conclusion We were able structure an accurate risk score tool for incident AF, which could be validated in multicenter samples in future studies.
Open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Gao Haiyang , Cai Hairui , Yang Gege , Zhao Jian , Li Xuning , Yang Shengchun , Yang Tao 
Published: August 2024

Very recently, open-cage metallo-azafullerenes PbC100N4H4 and Pb2C100N4H4 containing one Pb–N4–C moiety have been synthesized via the electron beam. Herein, we utilized density functional theory calculations in combination with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations to study the geometric and electronic structures, bonding properties, thermodynamic stability, and catalytic performance of MC100N4H4 and M2C100N4H4 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb). Metal–nitrogen distances and metal–metal distances increase along with the metal radius while the metal atom is positively charged. Energy decomposition analysis revealed that the bonding interactions between M and the C100N4H4 fragment could be described as the donor–acceptor interaction between M(ns0(n−1)d10np4) and C100N4H4 fragment, in which the orbital interactions terms contribute more than the electrostatic interactions. AIMD simulations demonstrate that those metallo-azafullerenes exhibit thermodynamic stability at room temperature. These metallo-azafullerenes, which could serve as typical carbon-supported single-atom catalysts, possess enhanced catalytic performance toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) compared to the planar catalysts, which is attributed to the curvature of metallo-azafullerenes. GeC100N4H4 and SnC100N4H4 exhibit high catalytic performance in the 4e-ORR pathway to H2O, whereas only PbC100N4H4 is suitable for the 2e-ORR reaction pathway because of the difficulty in obtaining electrons. All M2C100N4H4 favors the 4e-reaction pathway due to the presence of the axial metal atom. Our finding of open-cage metallo-azafullerenes as efficient single-atom catalysts holds profound implications for both fundamental research in catalysis and practical applications in fuel cells and other electrochemical devices.
Nostalgia for the future of Construction Grammar
Authors: van Trijp Remi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Construction Grammar is a nomadic family of theoretical approaches whose members are constantly moving in various
directions. The diversity in construction-based approaches is a clear sign of a thriving and tolerant research community, but it
also risks muddying the waters, leading to potential confusion. In this paper, I argue that the main source of confusion about
Construction Grammar stems from the community’s gradual evolution from the traditional view of languages as static, idealized
entities (the “aggregate” perspective) to the view of language as a complex adaptive system (the “population” perspective). While
the aggregate perspective abstracts away as much as possible from variation and language usage, the population perspective greatly
emphasizes the dynamics of language and situated communicative interactions. This paper illustrates what it means to perform
constructional analyses from the population perspective; and argues that Construction Grammar is particularly well-positioned to
lead the way in this new kind of linguistics, indicating that our community has a bright future ahead.