bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sirolimus-loaded polymeric micelles with honokiol for oral delivery
Authors: Li Xinru , Hou Xucheng , Ding Weiming , Cong Shuangchen , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Mengmeng , Meng Yansha , Lei Jiongxi , Liu Yan , Li Guiling 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of the present study were to design polymeric micelles loading sirolimus with honokiol to increase drug solubility and to gain an insight into the effect of honokiol on oral transport of P-glycoprotein substrate (P-gp).

Methods
Particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading content and in-vitro release of sirolimus-loaded micelles with honokiol were determined. Transport of sirolimus-loaded micelles across Caco-2 cell monolayers and jejunum segment of rats were investigated. In-vitro cytotoxicity experiments and the cellular uptake study were carried out via sulforhodamine B assay and flow cytometry, respectively.

Key findings
A coadministration of honokiol with sirolimus in micelles did not significantly modify the particle size, polydispersity index and release of drugs demonstrating successful loading within the micelles. The apparent transport coefficients (Papp) and effective permeability (Peff) of sirolimus were increased with more amount of honokiol loaded in micelles. Cellular uptake study demonstrated that rhodamine123 uptake rate was enhanced by honokiol-loaded micelles, indicating substantial P-gp inhibition action by honokiol and mPEG-PLA-based micelles.

Conclusion
Oral transport of sirolimus was significantly improved by coadministration with honokiol, an inhibitor of the P-gp, in polymeric micelles formulation.
Overweight and the feline gut microbiome – a pilot study
Authors: Kieler I. N. , Mølbak L. , Hansen L. L. , Hermann‐Bank M. L. , Bjornvad C. R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryCompared with lean humans, the gut microbiota is altered in the obese. Whether these changes are due to an obesogenic diet, and whether the microbiota contributes to adiposity is currently discussed. In the cat population, where obesity is also prevalent, gut microbiome changes associated with obesity have not been studied. Consequently, the aim of this study was to compare the gut microbiota of lean cats, with that of overweight and obese cats. Seventy‐seven rescue‐shelter cats housed for ≥3 consecutive days were included in the study. Faecal samples were obtained by rectal swab and, when available, by a paired litter box sample. Body condition was assessed using a 9‐point scoring system. DNA was extracted, and the 16S rRNA gene was amplified with a high‐throughput quantitative real‐time PCR chip. Overweight and obese cats had a significantly different gut microbiota compared to lean cats (p < 0.05), but this finding could not be linked to differences in specific bacterial groups. The rectal samples obtained higher DNA concentration than litter box samples (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, overweight and obese cats seem to have an altered gut microbiome as compared to lean cats.
The Nature of the Political Reconsidered
Authors: Holland Dominic 
Published: October 2015

AbstractI present an immanent, and explanatory, critique of reflections on the nature of politics and of power within political science. I argue that these reflections are problematic, to the extent that they presuppose an actualist conception of the political, and that this is generated by an empiricist way of thinking on the one hand and a constructivist way of thinking on the other. I show how re‐defining politics, power, and the political on the basis of a dialectical critical realist ontology resolves these problems and, thereby, allows us to understand the conditions for social change and the relationship between the political and the economic. My argument has two, important implications: first, that the proposal that those who study politics professionally should celebrate philosophical diversity is dangerous–at least if it makes it difficult to sustain a distinct, emancipatory form of political inquiry; and, second, that the nature of social reality justifies the need both for specialized forms of inquiry, such as politics and economics, and integrative forms of inquiry, such as political economy.
The effects of the putative confession and parent suggestion on children's disclosure of a minor transgression
Authors: Rush Elizabeth B. , Stolzenberg Stacia N. , Quas Jodi A. , Lyon Thomas D. 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThis study examined the effects of the putative confession (telling the child that an adult ‘told me everything that happened and he wants you to tell the truth’) on children's disclosure of a minor transgression after having been questioned by their parents in a suggestive or non‐suggestive manner.MethodsChildren (N = 188; 4–7‐year‐olds) played with a confederate, and while doing so, for half of the children, toys broke. Parents then questioned their children about what occurred, and half of the parents were given additional scripted suggestive questions. Finally, children completed a mock forensic investigative interview.ResultsChildren given the putative confession were 1.6 times more likely in free recall to disclose truthfully that toys had broken. Among children who failed to disclose during free recall, those who received the putative confession were 1.9 times more likely when asked yes/no questions to disclose true breakage. The putative confession did not decrease accuracy, and children who received the putative confession were 2.6 times less likely to report false toy play. Parent suggestion did not adversely affect the efficacy of the putative confession.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that children are often quite reticent to disclose transgressions and that the putative confession is a promising avenue for increasing children's comfort with disclosing and minimizing their tendency to report false details, even in the face of suggestive questioning by parents.
A cognitive approach to lie detection: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Fisher Ronald P. , Blank Hartmut 
Published: October 2015

IntroductionThis article provides a meta‐analysis of a new, cognitive approach to (non‐)verbal lie detection. This cognitive lie detection approach consists of three techniques: (1) imposing cognitive load, (2) encouraging interviewees to say more, and (3) asking unexpected questions.MethodA meta‐analysis was carried out on studies using the cognitive approach, 14 of which directly compared the cognitive approach to a standard approach.ResultsThe cognitive lie detection approach produced superior accuracy results in truth detection (67%), lie detection (67%), and total detection (truth and lie detection combined, 71%) compared to a traditional standard approach (truth detection: 57%; lie detection: 47%; total detection: 56%).ConclusionsPractitioners may find it useful to use a cognitive lie detection approach in their daily practice.
Conservation and modification of genetic and physiological toolkits underpinning diapause in bumble bee queens
Authors: Amsalem Etya , Galbraith David A. , Cnaani Jonathan , Teal Peter E. A. , Grozinger Christina M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDiapause is the key adaptation allowing insects to survive unfavourable conditions and inhabit an array of environments. Physiological changes during diapause are largely conserved across species and are hypothesized to be regulated by a conserved suite of genes (a ‘toolkit’). Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in social insects, this toolkit was co‐opted to mediate caste differentiation between long‐lived, reproductive, diapause‐capable queens and short‐lived, sterile workers. Using Bombus terrestris queens, we examined the physiological and transcriptomic changes associated with diapause and CO2 treatment, which causes queens to bypass diapause. We performed comparative analyses with genes previously identified to be associated with diapause in the Dipteran Sarcophaga crassipalpis and with caste differentiation in bumble bees. As in Diptera, diapause in bumble bees is associated with physiological and transcriptional changes related to nutrient storage, stress resistance and core metabolic pathways. There is a significant overlap, both at the level of transcript and gene ontology, between the genetic mechanisms mediating diapause in B. terrestris and S. crassipalpis, reaffirming the existence of a conserved insect diapause genetic toolkit. However, a substantial proportion (10%) of the differentially regulated transcripts in diapausing queens have no clear orthologs in other species, and key players regulating diapause in Diptera (juvenile hormone and vitellogenin) appear to have distinct functions in bumble bees. We also found a substantial overlap between genes related to caste determination and diapause in bumble bees. Thus, our studies demonstrate an intriguing interplay between pathways underpinning adaptation to environmental extremes and the evolution of sociality in insects.
Reconstructing the invasion history ofHeracleum persicum(Apiaceae) into Europe
Authors: Rijal Dilli P. , Alm Torbjørn , Jahodová Šárka , Stenøien Hans K. , Alsos Inger G. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSparse, incomplete and inappropriate historical records of invasive species often hamper invasive species management interventions. Population genetic analyses of invaders might provide a suitable context for the identification of their source populations and possible introduction routes. Here, we describe the population genetics ofHeracleum persicumDesf. ex Fisch and trace its route of introduction into Europe. Microsatellite markers revealed a significantly higher genetic diversity ofH. persicumin its native range, and the loss of diversity in the introduced range may be attributed to a recent genetic bottleneck. Bayesian cluster analysis on regional levels identified three and two genetic clusters in the native and the introduced ranges, respectively. A global structure analysis revealed two worldwide distinct genetic groups: one primarily in Iran and Denmark, the other primarily in Norway. There were also varying degrees of admixture in England, Sweden, Finland and Latvia. Approximate Bayesian computation indicated two independent introductions ofH. persicumfrom Iran to Europe: the first one in Denmark and the second one in England. Finland was subsequently colonized by English populations. In contrast to the contemporary hypothesis of English origin of Norwegian populations, we found Finland to be a more likely source for Norwegian populations, a scenario supported by higher estimated histor‐ical migration from Finland to Norway. Genetic diversityper seis not a primary determinant of invasiveness inH. persicum. Our results indicate that, due to either pre‐adaptations or rapid local adaptations, introduced populations may have acqu‐ired invasiveness after subsequent introductions, once a suitable environment was encountered.
Germline DNA methylation in reef corals: patterns and potential roles in response to environmental change
Authors: Dimond James L. , Roberts Steven B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDNA methylation is an epigenetic mark that plays an inadequately understood role in gene regulation, particularly in nonmodel species. Because it can be influenced by the environment, DNA methylation may contribute to the ability of organisms to acclimatize and adapt to environmental change. We evaluated the distribution of gene body methylation in reef‐building corals, a group of organisms facing significant environmental threats. Gene body methylation in six species of corals was inferred from in silico transcriptome analysis of CpG O/E, an estimate of germline DNA methylation that is highly correlated with patterns of methylation enrichment. Consistent with what has been documented in most other invertebrates, all corals exhibited bimodal distributions of germline methylation suggestive of distinct fractions of genes with high and low levels of methylation. The hypermethylated fractions were enriched with genes with housekeeping functions, while genes with inducible functions were highly represented in the hypomethylated fractions. High transcript abundance was associated with intermediate levels of methylation. In three of the coral species, we found that genes differentially expressed in response to thermal stress and ocean acidification exhibited significantly lower levels of methylation. These results support a link between gene body hypomethylation and transcriptional plasticity that may point to a role of DNA methylation in the response of corals to environmental change.
Whole‐genome resequencing uncovers molecular signatures of natural and sexual selection in wild bighorn sheep
Authors: Kardos Marty , Luikart Gordon , Bunch Rowan , Dewey Sarah , Edwards William , McWilliam Sean , Stephenson John , Allendorf Fred W. , Hogg John T. , Kijas James 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe identification of genes influencing fitness is central to our understanding of the genetic basis of adaptation and how it shapes phenotypic variation in wild populations. Here, we used whole‐genome resequencing of wild Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) to >50‐fold coverage to identify 2.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genomic regions bearing signatures of directional selection (i.e. selective sweeps). A comparison of SNP diversity between the X chromosome and the autosomes indicated that bighorn males had a dramatically reduced long‐term effective population size compared to females. This probably reflects a long history of intense sexual selection mediated by male–male competition for mates. Selective sweep scans based on heterozygosity and nucleotide diversity revealed evidence for a selective sweep shared across multiple populations at RXFP2, a gene that strongly affects horn size in domestic ungulates. The massive horns carried by bighorn rams appear to have evolved in part via strong positive selection at RXFP2. We identified evidence for selection within individual populations at genes affecting early body growth and cellular response to hypoxia; however, these must be interpreted more cautiously as genetic drift is strong within local populations and may have caused false positives. These results represent a rare example of strong genomic signatures of selection identified at genes with known function in wild populations of a nonmodel species. Our results also showcase the value of reference genome assemblies from agricultural or model species for studies of the genomic basis of adaptation in closely related wild taxa.
The Monetary Circuit in the Age of Financialisation: A Stock‐Flow Consistent Model with A Twofold Banking Sector
Authors: Sawyer Malcolm , Veronese Passarella Marco 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe paper explores how the Theory of Monetary Circuit can be developed to reflect some important features of the evolution of the financial system in the past three decades, which have been associated with what may be termed ‘financialisation.’ For this purpose, we embed the benchmark single‐period monetary circuit scheme proposed by Graziani in a richer set of institutional arrangements. The stock‐flow consistent modelling technique pioneered by Godley and Lavoie is used to support our narrative.
Trade Unionism and Welfare Consequences of Trade and Investment Reforms in A Developing Economy
Authors: Chaudhuri Sarbajit 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper explains the existence of intersectoral wage differential in a developing economy in terms of trade union behavior in the formal sector industry and analyzes its role in predicting the outcomes of trade and investment reforms on welfare. It provides theoretical explanations of certain real life phenomena e.g. why the developing countries are yearning for foreign capital despite the standard immiserizing result and why these countries are not reducing the tariff rates beyond certain levels although they have chosen free trade as their development strategy.
The Venuses Block From Arlanpe Cave (Northern Iberian Peninsula): Implications for the Origins and Dispersion of Gönnersdorf‐Lalinde Style Depictions Throughout the European Magdalenian
Authors: Rios‐Garaizar Joseba , Garate Diego , Bourrillon Raphaëlle , Gómez‐Olivencia Asier , Karampaglidis Theodoros 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn 2011, an engraved limestone block was found in the cave of Arlanpe (Lemoa, northern Iberian Peninsula). One of the figures represented on it was identified as a schematic feminine representation similar to those of the Gönnersdorf‐Lalinde style. The stratigraphical position of the block is not totally clear owing to severe disturbance in the Upper Pleistocene deposits located near the entrance sector of the cave. Nevertheless, the most probable stratigraphical correlation is with Level I, which has been dated to the beginning of the Middle Magdalenian. This finding extends the distribution range of this kind of representation to the northern Iberian Peninsula, where, up to now, only two other, less clear, Gönnersdorf‐Lalinde style representations have been found. It also extends its chronological range, pushing it back to the beginning of the Middle Magdalenian. In this paper, we present the archaeological context of the engraved block, followed by a detailed description of technological and stylistic features. These data will be used to discuss the implication of this discovery for an understanding of the origins, expansion and diffusion of this kind of feminine representation across Europe.
The Living and The Dead, Memory and Transition: Bayesian Modelling of Mesolithic and Neolithic Deposits from Vlasac, the Danube Gorges
Authors: Borić Dušan , Griffiths Seren 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe paper applies Bayesian statistical modelling to radiocarbon dates obtained for a stratigraphic sequence comprising occupation features and superimposed burials from the Late Mesolithic (c.7400–6200 cal BC) to the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition (c.6200–5900 cal BC), from Vlasac in the Danube Gorges region of the north‐central Balkans. This sequence, investigated in the course of excavations at the site in 2006–9, yielded stratigraphic evidence of the transformation of local forager populations as a result of contact with Neolithic communities. Our paper provides a reliable chronological framework for changes from Late Mesolithic burial rites to new, Neolithic types of ornamental beads at the top of the sequence. The use of the same burial location and continuities in burial rites over a considerable period of time raise significant questions about the role of tradition and the potential for enduring practices in prehistoric societies.
The Importance of Rural Sanctuaries in Structuring Non‐Urban Society in Ancient Samnium: Approaches from Architectureand Landscape
Authors: Stek Tesse D. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis brief article addresses the potential of the study of rural sanctuaries for understanding the performance and general structure of non‐urban society in ancient Samnium. Samnium, a mountainous area in central‐southern Italy, is known for its non‐urbanized settlement organization in the Classical and Hellenistic periods. This article discusses different methodologies to assess the local and regional significance of rural cult sites in this particular societal structure. In reply to a recent article in this journal, it is argued that strong local variability of rural cult sites cannot be ascertained on the basis of the disparate available architectural evidence. On the other hand, it is shown that a landscape archaeological approach, i.e. applying intensive field surveys around Samnite sanctuaries, adds significantly to our understanding of the social function of these cult sites. The surveys (2004–present) document a clear nucleation of rural settlement around cult sites, probably reflecting farm–village communities, and demonstrating the strong local embeddedness of the rural cult sites. The order of magnitude of the rural communities living around the sanctuaries is broadly comparable, which gives us a tangible sense of the character and general structure of Samnite non‐urban society.
Cross‐North Sea Contacts in the Roman Period
Authors: Morris Francis Michael 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe North Sea formed a barrier to contact between Britain and the Continental regions north of the Rhine prior to the late fourth century AD. Whilst there is evidence for sporadic contacts between these two regions prior to this date, in the main these contacts probably occurred indirectly via the south Dutch/Belgian/north French region. From the late fourth century onwards, we have evidence for considerable cross‐North Sea contact, first in the form of Saxon piracy, and from the early/mid‐fifth century onwards, as population movements principally directed from north‐west Germany to south‐east England. The reasons for this change are outlined and discussed.
A pilot feasibility study exploring the practising of compassionate imagery exercises in a nonclinical population
Authors: McEwan Kirsten , Gilbert Paul 
Published: October 2015

This study assessed the acceptability of practising compassionate imagery as an online task without clinician support. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, after, and 6 months of follow‐up. Participants engaged safely and successfully with the tasks. There were significant improvements in questionnaire scores which were largely maintained over 6 months.Practitioner points

People can practise compassionate imagery tasks in an unsupervised way from online recordings and not suffer adverse effects (even with higher baseline scores in self‐criticism).

Compassionate imagery recordings may be used as an adjunct to improve traditional psychotherapy.
Being alexithymic: Necessity or convenience. Negative emotionality × avoidant coping interactions and alexithymia
Authors: Bilotta Elena , Giacomantonio Mauro , Leone Luigi , Mancini Francesco , Coriale Giovanna 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesWe aimed to clarify the associations between negative emotionality, avoidant coping, and alexithymia. We hypothesized that negative emotionality and avoidance strategies would interact negatively in associating with alexithymia.DesignWe examined, in one study conducted in Italy and another in the US (total N = 415), the associations among avoidant coping, negative emotionality, and alexithymia, using cross‐sectional designs.MethodStudy 1: Participants completed paper‐and‐pencil measures of alexithymia, avoidant coping, and negative emotionality. Study 2: Participants completed the above‐mentioned measures plus a measure of experiential avoidance (EA), by means of an online questionnaire.ResultsAs expected, an antagonistic avoidant coping × negative emotionality interaction was found to relate to alexithymia in both studies. In Study 2, EA mediated the effects of such interaction on alexithymia (mediated moderation). The interaction found implied that alexithymia would be adopted as a defence against negative affect or as a consequence of avoidant strategies.ConclusionsThe studies suggested that two different psychological pathways to alexithymia may be at work: Preference for avoidance and negative emotionality. This result appeared theoretically relevant and may stimulate further research.Practitioner points

Alexithymia may develop from habitual avoidance, regardless of negative emotionality.

Practitioners could consider addressing negative emotional regulation or automatic and habitual avoidant responses in dealing with alexithymic patients.