bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining pain management in mice by comparing multimodal analgesia and NSAID monotherapy for neurosurgical procedures
Authors: Munk Anna , Philippi Vanessa , Buchecker Verena , Bankstahl Marion , Glasenapp Aylina , Blutke Andreas , Michelakaki Effrosyni , Talbot Steven Roger , Huwyler Jörg , Jirkof Paulin , Kopaczka Marcin , Merhof Dorit , Palme Rupert , Potschka Heidrun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile neurosurgical interventions are frequently used in laboratory mice, refinement efforts to optimize analgesic management based on multimodal approaches appear to be rather limited. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and tolerability of combinations of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen, a sustained-release formulation of the opioid buprenorphine, and the local anesthetic bupivacaine with carprofen monotherapy. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to isoflurane anesthesia and an intracranial electrode implant procedure. Given the multidimensional nature of postsurgical pain and distress, various physiological, behavioral, and biochemical parameters were applied for their assessment. The analysis revealed alterations in Neuro scores, home cage locomotion, body weight, nest building, mouse grimace scales, and fecal corticosterone metabolites. A composite measure scheme allowed the allocation of individual mice to severity classes. The comparison between groups failed to indicate the superiority of multimodal regimens over high-dose NSAID monotherapy. In conclusion, our findings confirmed the informative value of various parameters for assessment of pain and distress following neurosurgical procedures in mice. While all drug regimens were well tolerated in control mice, our data suggest that the total drug load should be carefully considered for perioperative management. Future studies would be of interest to assess potential synergies of drug combinations with lower doses of carprofen.
Origin of the Laurentian Great Lakes fish fauna through upward adaptive radiation cascade prior to the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Backenstose Nathan J. C. , MacGuigan Daniel J. , Osborne Christopher A. , Bernal Moisés A. , Thomas Elizabeth K. , Normandeau Eric , Yule Daniel L. , Stott Wendylee , Ackiss Amanda S. , Albert Victor A. , Bernatchez Louis , Krabbenhoft Trevor J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe evolutionary histories of adaptive radiations can be marked by dramatic demographic fluctuations. However, the demographic histories of ecologically-linked co-diversifying lineages remain understudied. The Laurentian Great Lakes provide a unique system of two such radiations that are dispersed across depth gradients with a predator-prey relationship. We show that the North American Coregonus species complex (“ciscoes”) radiated rapidly prior to the Last Glacial Maximum (80–90 kya), a globally warm period, followed by rapid expansion in population size. Similar patterns of demographic expansion were observed in the predator species, Lake Charr (Salvelinus namaycush), following a brief time lag, which we hypothesize was driven by predator-prey dynamics. Diversification of prey into deep water created ecological opportunities for the predators, facilitating their demographic expansion, which is consistent with an upward adaptive radiation cascade. This study provides a new timeline and environmental context for the origin of the Laurentian Great Lakes fish fauna, and firmly establishes this system as drivers of ecological diversification and rapid speciation through cyclical glaciation.
Behavioural compatibility, not fear, best predicts the looking patterns of chacma baboons
Authors: Allan Andrew T. L. , LaBarge Laura R. , Bailey Annie L. , Jones Benjamin , Mason Zachary , Pinfield Thomas , Schröder Felix , Whitaker Alex , White Amy F. , Wilkinson Henry , Hill Russell A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAnimal vigilance is often investigated under a narrow set of scenarios, but this approach may overestimate its contribution to animal lives. A solution may be to sample all looking behaviours and investigate numerous competing hypotheses in a single analysis. In this study, using a wild group of habituated chacma baboons (Papio ursinus griseipes) as a model system, we implemented a framework for predicting the key drivers of looking by comparing the strength of a full array of biological hypotheses. This included methods for defining individual-specific social threat environments, quantifying individual tolerance to human observers, and incorporating predator resource selection functions. Although we found evidence supporting reactionary and within-group (social) vigilance hypotheses, risk factors did not predict looking with the greatest precision, suggesting vigilance was not a major component of the animals’ behavioural patterns generally. Instead, whilst some behaviours constrain opportunities for looking, many shared compatibility with looking, alleviating the pressure to be pre-emptively vigilant for threats. Exploring looking patterns in a thorough multi-hypothesis framework should be feasible across a range of taxa, offering new insights into animal behaviour that could alter our concepts of fear ecology.
Investigations into optimum non‐periodic bursts scheme in radar pulse train designed for fixed‐wing drone detections by multi‐function radar
Authors: Gmyrek Stanislaw , Sysak Dawid , Biernacki Pawel , Jaromi Grzegorz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDrone surveillance with multi‐function radar (MFR) can benefit a lot from the careful radar pulse train organisation into dedicated sub‐RPTs serving particular needs of tasks. In contemporary scenarios of MFR applications, where navigation, search and rescue, and natural environment safeguarding are to be shared, of particular importance is a case where airborne small drone detection radar performs other tasks concurrently. Resource sharing within the radar unit is based on variables and unpredictable circumstances, leading to strains in resources in MFR. Consequently, such constraints limit MFR functioning with optimal drone sensitivity for its own sake. To ensure a high quality of radar services performed quickly, with a low DC power consumption, the task sharing approach by the common MFR platform, non‐periodic bursts emission of radar pulse energy has gained our major attention. At the same time, it was assumed that bursts feature periodic time intervals between radar pulses, which is a favourable circumstance in the control and implementation of signal processing. Each sub‐RPTs is designed to cope with particular detection tasks. One to four linear polarisations (VV, VH, HV, HH) are activated. The focus of the investigation was on the radar emitting a few thousand pulses per second, but only a few 10 pulses per second were expected to be required to detect small airborne drones. The core of the research study was the optimisation process of the scheme operating with 4 to 16 pulse bursts optimised for drone detection with a modest use of resources at MFR. While performing several activities, the X‐band MFR platform called ENAVI was developed in‐house. The proposed non‐periodic burst scheme optimisation approach was validated with in‐field tests with the ENAVI radar model. The in‐air target was a 3‐metre fixed‐wing drone having low RCS and flying at different altitudes with a speed close to 200 km/h. The radar antenna was a 26 dBi low‐profile dual‐polarisation array making it feasible to detect drones remaining a few degrees off the antenna breadboard direction. A very high likelihood of detection of drones from a few kilometres distance was demonstrated within one second. The authors present the effectiveness of the cell‐averaging technique which proved to correctly detect drones within a 7‐km range, and how MFR radar echoes can be used for basic weather surveillance. One vertical VV polarisation was used for drone detection and two VV and VH polarisations for weather observation. Weather radar capabilities were examined against heavy rain clouds imposing a hazard to the safety of drone flights.
Interpretation of Flood Zone Mapping using HEC-RAS Hydraulic Model for the Bennihalla Stream through 1D Flow Analysis
Authors: Naikar Vinayak S. , Raikar Rajkumar V. 
Published: August 2024

Food hazard research has since been important in the last two decades and continues to be relevant in future climate scenarios to develop realistic solutions to disaster risk. For more detailed and accurate outputs, studies on flood hazards are conducted through simulations using high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is very essential to provide more accurate maps to analyse the flood prone region by selecting suitable best input data which is nothing but the DEMs.
The study utilizes daily maximum discharge data were collected from 2003 to 2020, where in 2007 peak flood of 3174 m3/s has been occurred which resulted heavy flood inundated area. In this study for the maximum flow has been used and integrating the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and Cartosat Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as input for flood-zone mapping using the HEC-RAS tool. By simulating various scenarios using HEC-RAS, the study anticipates significant outputs, including flood extent predictions, water surface profiles, and submergence areas for different return periods.
The regression analysis showed that both the SRTM and Cartosat models have high R-squared values, indicating a good fit. The SRTM model has a slightly higher R-squared value (0.867) compared to the Cartosat model (0.838), suggesting that it explains more of the variance in flow area. In terms of velocity, both models show a significant negative relationship with flow area, with the SRTM model exhibiting a stronger influence. The Cartosat model demonstrates a significant positive relationship between top width and flow area, unlike the SRTM model. Correlation analysis corroborates these findings, with the Cartosat DEM showing a significant positive correlation between top width and flow area. The Cartosat DEM also shows lower RMSE (1158.42) and MAE (910.32) values compared to the SRTM DEM, indicating more accurate predictions of stream flow.
Paired t-tests indicated no significant difference in water surface elevation (W.S.Elev) and Froude number (Fr no) between the two DEMs. However, a significant difference was found in energy grade elevation (E.G.Elev), suggesting discrepancies in capturing this parameter. There was no strong evidence of a difference in top width (Top Width Act), although the result was near the threshold of significance.
The analysis highlights the importance of DEM resolution in hydrological modeling. The Cartosat DEM's higher resolution contributes to its superior performance, capturing significant variations in stream flow related to elevation changes more accurately than the SRTM DEM. Based on the lower error metrics and stronger model coefficients, the Cartosat DEM is recommended for stream flow analysis in this study. The detailed flood hazard maps generated from this study will be instrumental in developing effective flood management strategies for the Bennihalla River, thereby mitigating the recurrent threat to the local villages.
Feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided diffusing alpha emitter radiation therapy for advanced pancreatic cancer: Preliminary data
Authors: Miller Corey S , Lecavalier-Barsoum Magali , Ma Kim , Santos Dutra Miriam , Kaitoukov Youri , Bahoric Boris , Tomic Nada , Dinelle Francine , Enger Shirin , Batist Gerald , Yang Stephen , Laporta Donald , Kavan Petr , Sahai Anand , Roberge David , Donath David 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with limited locoregional treatment options. Diffusing alpha-emitter radiation therapy (Alpha DaRT), a novel cancer treatment using alpha-particle interstitial radiotherapy, may help address this challenge. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided Alpha DaRT for advanced pancreatic cancer.
Patients and methods Patients with inoperable locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were treated with EUS-guided Alpha DaRT insertion. The Alpha DaRT sources were delivered into pancreatic tumors using a standard EUS needle with a novel proprietary applicator. Adverse events (AEs) were assessed based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. Tumor response was evaluated by imaging 4 to 6 weeks post treatment.
Results The first five patients were treated between March and September 2023. The procedure was technically successful in all cases, with Alpha DaRT sources inserted into the target tumor. Estimated gross tumor volume coverage ranged from 8% to 44%. Fourteen AEs were reported among three patients. Four were serious AEs, none of which was associated with the treatment, but rather, with disease progression or medical assistance in dying. Only two AEs (mild) were deemed possibly related to the study device. At the 35-day visit, two patients had progressive disease and three had stable disease, with one of the latter showing partial response 2 months post procedure.
Conclusions Preliminary results from this first-in-human trial indicate that EUS-guided Alpha DaRT treatment for unresectable pancreatic cancer is feasible and safe, with no device-associated serious AEs. Further investigation of this promising novel modality is underway.
The Role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Amylin in Pediatric Migraine
Authors: Aydin Hilal , Baykan Ozgür 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background Very few studies have examined the relationship between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and amylin levels and the disease in patients with migraine. The purpose of this study was to compare blood CGRP and amylin levels between pediatric migraine patients and healthy controls and the relationship between CGRP and amylin levels and migraine attack frequency and duration.
Materials and Methods The study involved two separate groups—control and migraine. Thirty-two patients aged 6 to 18 years presenting to the Balikesir University Medical Faculty pediatric neurology clinic and diagnosed with migraine were included. The control group consisted of 32 patients without migraine presenting to the clinic during the same time frame. The patients' demographic data, personal and family histories, migraine type and frequency, headache severity, basic anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and body mass index), and physical and neurological examination findings were recorded. Migraine patients were classified as ictal if the collection of blood specimens coincided with the attack period and as interictal if this was performed between attacks.
Results No statistically significant differences in mean CGRP or amylin levels were determined between the groups (migraine ictal/interictal) or between the migraine patients (in terms of gender or attack frequency and duration).
Conclusion Elucidating the complex processes involved in the pathogenesis of migraine is important in terms of our ability to develop new treatments and therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to evaluate CGRP and amylin levels in patients with pediatric migraine (in the ictal and interictal periods) compared with those in healthy controls.
Uterine Artery Embolization for Iatrogenic Uterine Vascular Injuries
Authors: Vignesh S. , Mukuntharajan T. , Madhumitha B. , Kabhilan A. K. , Sindhu M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose Uterine curettage or surgery can lead to uterine vascular injuries such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) or pseudoaneurysms (PsAs), and patients may present with life-threatening uterine bleeding. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding due to iatrogenic vascular injuries.
Methods This is a retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent UAE at our institution between January 2019 and January 2023. Sixteen patients had a history of iatrogenic procedures. Uterine curettage was done in 12 patients, manual vacuum aspiration in 1 patient, and cesarean surgery in 3 patients. The outcomes were assessed in the form of technical feasibility, cessation of bleeding, recurrence, and pregnancy on follow-up.
Results Eighteen (18/22) patients had vascular malformations and 4 (4/22) had PsA on computed tomography. Eight patients had typical AVM features with early draining vein and 10 patients had hypertrophied vessels with no early draining veins. A total of 35 uterine arteries were embolized in 22 patients. The most commonly used embolic material was polyvinyl alcohol particles (28/35 arteries). Postembolization, bleeding symptoms subsided in 19 patients (86.4%). Three patients had recurrence of bleeding symptoms for which they underwent repeat embolization. Six patients (27%) became pregnant during the follow-up period of 15 months.
Conclusion UAE is a safe and effective treatment for iatrogenic uterine vascular injuries. This procedure allows for the preservation of uterine function with the possibility of future pregnancy and should be considered as a primary treatment option.
Descripting
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+ and Weyl fermion as beam/current for pump/injection semiconductor devices
Authors: Abbas Arwa Saud 
Published: August 2024

Based on the demand for an improvement in various corpuscle types of current injection, the objective of this technique is to provide a new concept of carrier generators for optoelectronic pump and injection devices. This investigation is conducted to improve current injection by using a particle other than the electron. The idea was conceived from condensed matter physics for a technique to implement positron for carrier transport in semiconductors with the source based on localized emissions. A radioactive source such as 22Na is incident on a tungsten vane moderator, thus having positive electrons flowing and tunneling as well as a laser-driven high-quality positron into semiconductor-based devices. In addition, tantalum arsenide (TaAs) hosting Weyl particles has been discovered to hold significant potential for cutting-edge technological uses. Injection of different carriers and their behavior in semiconductors will lead to the emergence of solid state optoelectronics with different carrier injections that possesses a high energy (100–500 keV) and the possibility of maximum energy that is approximately several tens of megaelectron volts. Significantly, these various carrier sources have a larger range of operational settings and output characteristics due to their various underlying emission principles, thus obtaining a greater kinetic energy for a positron. The transformation to Weyl fermions carries electric charge via a device far more quickly than ordinary electrons, therefore unlocking the potential of new materials with unusual transport properties.
Older patients want to talk about sexual health in Australian primary care
Authors: Bourchier Louise , Temple-Smith Meredith , Hocking Jane S. , Malta Sue 
Published: August 2024

Background Maintaining sexual health and function is important to many older adults. Although older patients are regular users of primary care, opportunities to address sexual health concerns are missed. Building on interview studies, this research aimed to collect a larger number of older adults’ perspectives to deepen understanding of sexual healthcare needs and formulate recommendations for the Australian primary care context. Methods As part of the SHAPE2 Survey of older adults’ sexual health information-seeking behaviours, participants (aged ≥60 years and living in Australia) were asked what sexual health issues were most important to them, and the barriers they experienced in managing their sexual health. Data were collected in 2021 in the form of free-text comments. The sub-set of comments that related to healthcare experiences were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results Out of 1470 survey participants, 864 responded to the relevant questions, and of these 107 wrote about healthcare experiences. Some comments described positive experiences seeking sexual health care; however, the majority outlined barriers to accessing support. Barriers were categorised into seven categories: patient embarrassment, barriers to rapport, uncertainty about finding solutions, ageism, barriers unique to minorities, needing general practitioners to initiate conversations and structural barriers. Conclusions Older patients want general practitioners to initiate sexual health conversations as part of routine care, and, crucially, sexual issues raised by the patient should be legitimised and treated with due attention. Although challenges, such as time, embarrassment and pressing health concerns, may hamper sexual health discussions, it is important that this area of holistic care is given more attention.
Bayesian modelling of multiple plasma diagnostics at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Kwak Sehyun , Hoefel U. , Krychowiak M. , Langenberg A. , Svensson J. , Trimino Mora H. , Ghim Y.-C. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Inference of electron density and temperature has been performed using multiple, diverse sets of plasma diagnostic data at Wendelstein 7-X. Predictive models for the interferometer, Thomson scattering and helium beam emission spectroscopy (He-BES) systems have been developed within the Minerva framework and integrated into a unified model. Electron density and temperature profiles are modelled using Gaussian processes. Calibration factors for the Thomson scattering system and predictive uncertainties are considered as additional unknown parameters. The joint posterior probability distribution for the electron density and temperature profiles as well as Gaussian process hyperparameters and model parameters is explored through a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Samples from this distribution are numerically marginalised over the hyperparameters and model parameters to yield marginal posterior distributions for the electron density and temperature profiles. The profile inferences incorporate various data combinations from the interferometer and Thomson scattering as well as constraints at the limiter/divertor positions through virtual observations or edge data from He-BES. Additionally, the integration of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer data into the model for ion temperature profiles is presented. All profiles presented in this study are inferred with optimally selected hyperparameters and model parameters by exploring the joint posterior distribution, inherently applying Bayesian Occam’s razor.
Evaluating the strength and durability characteristics of concrete incorporating steel slag, GGBS and silica fume
Authors: Tharun Teja G , Paluri Yeswanth , Pampana Lavanya Devi , Rebka Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The construction industry plays a noteworthy role in environmental degradation as it exhausts natural resources extensively. Utilising by-products and wastes in concrete is a sustainable approach to generating environmentally-friendly concrete. This paper aims to create an environmentally friendly concrete by incorporating Steel Slag, GGBS, and Silica Fume in concrete. The study concentrates on the effect of Steel Slag (aggregates replacement) and GGBS & Silica Fume (as supplementary cementitious material) on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. The experimental programme demonstrates that incorporating Steel slag as aggregate substitute hindered the strength properties of the concrete and improved the durability. The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) into steel slag concrete greatly enhance its strength and durability. SS50G20SF10 mix had strength properties similar to that of CM, while the mix had a superior durability compared to CM. Overall, this study’s findings indicate that using Steel Slag in combination with SCMs enhances concrete’s overall performance and suggests that it might be a more environmentally friendly and sustainable option than normal concrete.