bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pre-harvest application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on fruit quality, physiological disorders and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apple
Authors: Sidhu Ramandeep Singh , Bound Sally A. , Hunt Ian , Swarts Nigel D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ethylene inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is widely used in the apple industry as a post-harvest fumigation application to slow down the ripening process and maintain fruit quality during storage. With the development of a sprayable formulation (Harvista™, Agrofresh Inc, USA), it is becoming increasingly common in the apple industry to apply 1-MCP as a pre-harvest spray. This study investigated the impact of pre-harvest 1-MCP applied 1 week prior to harvest as a foliar application at 11.4 L ha−1 in 1000 L water, on the quality and respiration rate of ‘Scilate’ apples grown in the Huon Valley, Southern Tasmania, Australia. Two trials were undertaken, trial 1 examined fruit quality, flesh browning (FB) and fruit softening in 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit while trial 2 compared the respiration rate of 1-MCP treated and untreated fruit. Despite no effect on fresh fruit quality attributes, pre-harvest spray application of 1-MCP influenced post-harvest fruit quality, storability, and respiration rate of apples. Fruit treated with 1-MCP showed higher malic acid concentration (1.2 g L−1 vs 0.9 g L−1) and lower juice pH (4.6 vs 4.9) even after 7.5 months of regular air cold-storage along with a six-fold reduction in fruit softening in comparison to untreated fruit (2% vs 13%). Pre-harvest treatment of 1-MCP reduced respiration rate by 32%, and incidence of CO2 injury by over 40%. The incidence of radial type (senescent related) FB was reduced by 100%. A significant proportion of treated apples still suffered from severe CO2 injury. This study has demonstrated that pre-harvest application of 1-MCP to ‘Scilate’ fruit can be useful in maintaining long-term fruit quality during storage, reducing respiration rate, and lowering the incidence of FB in general. However, the risk of severe CO2 injury remains, especially with larger fruit harvested from trees with lighter crop loads.
The Generic Failure of Lower-Semicontinuity for the Linear Distortion Functional
Authors: Hashemi Mohsen , Martin Gaven J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe consider the convexity properties of distortion functionals, particularly the linear distortion, defined for homeomorphisms of domains in Euclidean n-spaces, $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

. The inner and outer distortion functionals are lower semi-continuous in all dimensions and so for the curve modulus or analytic definitions of quasiconformality it ifollows that if $$ \{ f_{n} \}_{n=1}^{\infty } $$

{

f
n

}

n
=
1

∞

is a sequence of K-quasiconformal mappings (here K depends on the particular distortion functional but is the same for every element of the sequence) which converges locally uniformly to a mapping f, then this limit function is also K-quasiconformal. Despite a widespread belief that this was also true for the geometric definition of quasiconformality (defined through the linear distortion $$H({f_{n}})$$

H
(

f
n

)

), T. Iwaniec gave a specific and surprising example to show that the linear distortion functional is not always lower-semicontinuous on uniformly converging sequences of quasiconformal mappings. Here we show that this failure of lower-semicontinuity is common, perhaps generic in the sense that under mild restrictions on a quasiconformal f, there is a sequence $$ \{f_{n} \}_{n=1}^{\infty } $$

{

f
n

}

n
=
1

∞

with $$ {f_{n}}\rightarrow {f}$$

f
n

→
f

locally uniformly and with $$\limsup _{n\rightarrow \infty } H( {f_{n}})<H( {f})$$

lim sup

n
→
∞

H

(

f
n

)

<
H

(
f
)

. Our main result shows this is true for affine mappings. Addressing conjectures of Gehring and Iwaniec we show the jump up in the limit can be arbitrarily large and give conjecturally sharp bounds: for each $$\alpha <\sqrt{2}$$

α
<

2

there is $${f_{n}}\rightarrow {f}$$

f
n

→
f

locally uniformly with f affine and $$\begin{aligned} \alpha \; \limsup _{n\rightarrow \infty } H( {f_{n}}) < H( {f}) \end{aligned}$$

α

lim sup

n
→
∞

H

(

f
n

)

<
H

(
f
)

We conjecture $$\sqrt{2}$$

2

to be best possible.
Prototype pipeline modelling using interval scanning point clouds
Authors: Pečur Toa , Bosché Frédéric , Cerniauskas Gabrielis , Mill Frank , Sherlock Andrew , Yu Nan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the aid of computer aided design (CAD) and building information modelling (BIM), as-built to as-designed comparison has seen many developments in improving the workflow of manufacturing and construction tasks. Recently, evolution has been centred around automation of scene interpretation from three-dimensional (3D) scan data. The scope of this paper is to assess assemblies as the installation process progresses and inferring if arising deviations are problematic (complex task). The adequacy of utilising unorganised point clouds to compliance check are trialled with a real life down-scaled prototype model in conjunction with a synthetic dataset. This work aims to highlight areas where large rework could be avoided, in part by the detection of potential clashes of components early in the pipeline installation process. With the help of an extracted model in the form of a point cloud generated from a scanned physical model and a 3D CAD model representing the nominal geometry, an operator can be made visually aware of potential deviations and component clashes during a pipeline assembly process.
Policing, Power, and Protests: Landscapes of Surveillance in Private and Public Spaces in Lower Manhattan
Authors: Aubey Madison , Britt Kelly M. , Gold Kellen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn decades since 11 September 2001 (9/11), surveillance and policing within the United States have increased manifold and, with them, protests against the systemic racism and classism embedded in these practices. These practices go back beyond the 21st century—these modes of policing, power, and protests against them are not new. Due to urban spaces’ concentration of political, economic, and social power and the sheer density of people, they can quickly take on material and symbolic importance that can last for centuries. As public protests increase, so do countermeasures from those wielding power in the forms of both formal and informal policing and surveillance. These policing measures also leave material traces in the landscape, working to create a palimpsest of trauma across urban terrains. The lineage of a surveillance landscape as seen in policing, power, and protest in Lower Manhattan, will be explored through a documentary archaeological approach to examine the residual trauma left in public spaces.
Improvement of post-harvest quality of Balady lime fruit with Aloe vera gel and tea tree oil against green mold disease caused by Penicillium digitatum
Authors: Abou-Zaid Eman A. A. , Hussein Azza S. , Sultan Raoof , Abo-Elyousr Kamal A. M. , Sallam Nashwa M. A. , Khalil Bagy Hadeel M. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPenicillium digitatum Sacc is a common postharvest pathogen affecting lime fruits. It causes significant losses in postharvest lime production. An emerging alternative to chemical control is the use of environmentally friendly such as edible and biodegradable films and packaging. The goal of the current study was to test different concentrations of Aloe vera gel (5, 15, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v), tea tree oil coating (0.5, 1, 2.5, 5, and 10% v/v), and their combination for controlling P. digitatum in vitro. The results revealed that specific concentrations of Aloe vera gel (75% and 100% v/v), tea tree oil (2.5, 5, and 10% v/v), and Aloe vera gel (25%) + tea tree oil (1%) v/v showed the highest inhibitory effect against the pathogen. The most effective concentrations of Aloe vera gel (75%), tea tree oil (2.5%), and Aloe vera gel (25%) + tea tree oil (1%) were evaluated against the green mold disease of lime under natural infection through storage period (0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days). Compared to the control group, all edible layers demonstrated a significant delay and reduced in disease severity percentage throughout the storage periods. However, coating lime fruits with a combination of Aloe vera gel (25%) + tea tree oil (1%) successfully prevented the green mold disease of lime fruits over 28 days. The impact of these coatings was evaluated on lime fruit quality maintenance (weight loss, firmness, juice weight, total soluble solids, total acidity, pH, vitamin C, lipid peroxidation content, total phenols, total flavonoid, and total protein) over 28 days of storage during the 2021 and 2022 seasons. All treatments improved fruit quality through the storage period compared with untreated fruits. Treated lime fruits with Aloe vera gel (25%) + tea tree oil (1%) exhibited slight reductions in weight loss and juice weight compared to alternative treatments as an average of the two successive seasons. Simultaneously, this treatment improved fruit firmness, vitamin C levels, total phenols, total flavonoid, and total protein when contrasted with other treatments as an average of the two studied seasons. These findings show that the combination of Aloe vera gel and tea tree oil coatings enhances the shelf life and maintains the quality of lime fruits. They can also be used as an environmentally acceptable, chemical-free alternative treatment to preserve the postharvest quality of lime fruit.
A Simple Perspective on Simultaneous Column and Row Generation
Authors: Spliet Remy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo solve a linear programming problem with many variables and constraints, a simultaneous column and row generation algorithm can be used. Such an algorithm iteratively solves a restricted version of a linear programming problem including only a subset of the variables and constraints. In each iteration, it might simultaneously add both a new variable and constraint, as opposed to non-simultaneous column and row generation algorithms that only add either a new variable or constraint. In this paper, a simple perspective is provided to indicate the relevance of simultaneous column and row generation and to make it more accessible. Particular emphasis is put on an optimality condition for linear programming which is perhaps a particular source of confusion in this context. It is argued that optimality can be achieved using non-simultaneous column and row generation algorithms, while an example is provided illustrating the potential computational gains of using simultaneous column and row generation algorithms.
Determination of heavy metal concentration in African pike (Hepsetus odoe) from Alape River, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Awugo Victor Emmanuel , Igejongbo Toyosi Fadekemi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAquatic ecosystems in Nigeria face significant environmental challenges because of anthropogenic activities, resulting in heavy metal contamination. Fish body weight and length and heavy metal concentrations in African pike (Hepsetus odoe) from Alape River, Igbokoda, Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria, were investigated. Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Nickel (Ni), and Lead (Pb) concentrations were measured in the gills, intestines, and trunks of the fish over six months (i.e., from May 2022 to October 2022) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Buck Scientific’s 210VGP). Significant variations in heavy metal concentrations were observed across different months and organs. The order of concentrations for the six months, from highest to lowest, was Fe (2.26 mg/kg) > Ni (0.37 mg/kg) > Cu (0.23 mg/kg) > Mn (0.27 mg/kg) > Pb (0.05 mg/kg) > Cd (0.01 mg/kg). Higher concentrations were generally observed in the gills and intestines in May and June, whereas elevated levels were observed in the gills in September and October. These concentrations were compared with the maximum permissible limits established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization for fish consumption, and all measured heavy metal concentrations were determined to be below the permissible limits. Body weight ranged from 172 to 362 g, and length ranged from 15.7 cm to 23.5 cm. The regression coefficient (b) ranged from − 0.134 to 0.204, indicating a relatively weak length–weight relationship. The condition factor (K) exhibited variations in the overall health and well-being of the fish. Based on these findings, the consumption of African pike from the Alape River is currently considered safe for humans, regardless of fish size, with all of the heavy metal concentrations within the permissible limits. However, continuous monitoring is crucial to ensure the ongoing safety of aquatic ecosystems and human health.
Energy Dissipation During Shear Along Experimental Rough Faults
Authors: Morad Doron , Reches Ze'ev , Sagy Amir , Hatzor Yossef H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe energy budget and the interplay between stable friction evolution and dynamic stick‐slips are tested here under continuous slip along rough faults. We conducted 34 direct‐shear experiments coupled with precise roughness measurements on diabase and limestone fault samples. The faults broad roughness ranges from highly rough and interlocked fractured interfaces to smooth polished surfaces. The analysis focuses on two slip phases: (a) the evolution of the shear strength of rough sample under stable, cumulative displacement; and (b) the dynamic of unstable stick‐slip sliding. We found that the breakdown work during frictional strength evolution increases with roughness increase across multiple scales. The diabase samples are more sensitive to roughness increase than limestone samples in terms of the breakdown work implied by frictional evolution. We attribute this increased diabase sensitivity with fault roughness to its higher bulk elasticity and not to the fault shear stiffness. The diabase faults displayed multiple periodic system‐size stick‐slips, and the measured stored energy during the preparatory stage were surprisingly independent of the fault roughness. This finding suggests that during the preparatory stage a balance between the intracycle fault stiffness and stress drop govern the stored energy magnitude. Further, this energy balance suggests that some interface conditioning occurs before the spontaneous slip overcomes a sticking barrier.
On the Seasonal Cycle of Phytoplankton Bio‐Optical Properties Inside a Warm Core Ring in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Márquez‐Artavia Amaru , Pallàs‐Sanz Enric , Tenreiro M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFour underwater glider missions were carried out to sample the physical and bio‐optical properties inside a Loop Current Eddy (LCE) in the Gulf of Mexico, to investigate whether the winter deepening of the mixed‐layer and erosion of the nitracline stimulates phytoplankton growth. Recent coupled physical‐biogeochemical numerical models support this mechanism, but observations using profiling floats suggest that there is no seasonal cycle on integrated phytoplankton biomass. Here, data collected by underwater gliders during a full seasonal cycle and inside the LCE Poseidon support the idea of an increase in phytoplankton biomass during winter, consistent with nutrient entrainment into the euphotic zone. The changes in fluorescence emission per chlorophyll‐a unit and their implications for interpreting bio‐optical variability were also assessed. Linear regressions between in vivo chlorophyll‐a fluorescence and satellite chlorophyll‐a concentration show the largest (smallest) slopes during winter (summer), suggesting a shift in the phytoplankton community along the year or photoacclimation. Although the glider data set is convolved by temporal and spatial variability, and chlorophyll‐a fluorescence is affected by multiple factors, the concomitant enhancement of particle backscattering coefficient and chlorophyll‐a observed during winter supports the occurrence of a seasonal cycle in phytoplankton biomass. Deep vertical mixing in winter inside the core of the LCE, can promote fertilization through vertical diffusion of nutrients. Poseidon was an extraordinary, large, and strong, LCE that prompted phytoplankton blooms in winter highlighting their relevance for primary production and in general for biogeochemical processes.
Assessing the Tropospheric Temperature and Humidity Simulations in CMIP3/5/6 Models Using the AIRS Obs4MIPs V2.1 Data
Authors: Tian Baijun , Fetzer Eric J. , Teixeira Joao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Observations for Model Intercomparison Projects (Obs4MIPs) V2.1 tropospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity data are utilized to evaluate the global tropospheric temperature and humidity simulations in the fully coupled global climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 3, 5, and 6 (CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6), and possible simulation improvement in CMIP6 models in comparison to CMIP3 and CMIP5 models. Our analyses indicate that all three phases of CMIP models share similar tropospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity biases in their multi‐model ensemble means relative to AIRS. Cold biases up to 4 K and positive relative humidity biases up to 20% are found in the free troposphere almost globally with maxima over the mid‐latitude storm tracks. Warm biases up to 2 K are seen over the Southern Ocean in the lower troposphere. Positive specific and relative humidity biases exist over the off‐equatorial oceans while negative specific and relative humidity biases are seen near the equator in the tropical free troposphere, which are related to the double‐intertropical convergence zone bias in the models. Both the air temperature and specific humidity biases are important to the relative humidity biases except in the tropical free troposphere where the specific humidity biases dominate. The tropospheric air temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity biases are reduced from CMIP3 to CMIP5 and to CMIP6 at almost all pressure levels except at 300 hPa for specific humidity and in the boundary layer for relative humidity.
Spatially Resolved Temperature Response Functions to CO2 Emissions
Authors: Freese Lyssa M. , Giani Paolo , Fiore Arlene M. , Selin Noelle E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) emissions affect local temperature; quantifying that local response is important for learning about the earth system, the impacts of mitigation, and adaptation needs. We assume the climate system can be represented as a time‐dependent linear system, diagnosing Green's Functions for the spatial temperature response to CO2 emissions based on CMIP6 earth system models. This allows us to emulate the linear component of the temperature response to CO2. This approach is sufficient to capture the spatial temperature response of CMIP6 experiments within one standard deviation of the multimodel spread across most regions, though accuracy is lower in the Southern Ocean and the Arctic. Our approach reveals where nonlinear feedbacks are important in current CMIP6 models, and where the local system response is well represented by a time‐dependent linear differential operator. It incorporates emissions path dependency and may be useful for evaluating large ensembles of emission scenarios.
Velocity of Greenland's Helheim Glacier Controlled Both by Terminus Effects and Subglacial Hydrology With Distinct Realms of Influence
Authors: Sommers A. N. , Meyer C. R. , Poinar K. , Mejia J. , Morlighem M. , Rajaram H. , Warburton K. L. P. , Chu W. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo outstanding questions for the future of the Greenland Ice Sheet are (a) how enhanced meltwater draining beneath the ice will impact the behavior of large tidewater glaciers, and (b) to what extent tidewater glacier velocity is driven by changes at the terminus versus changes in sliding velocity due to meltwater. We present a two‐way coupled framework to simulate the nonlinear feedbacks of evolving subglacial hydrology and ice dynamics using the Subglacial Hydrology And Kinetic, Transient Interactions (SHAKTI) model within the Ice‐sheet and Sea‐level System Model (ISSM). Through coupled simulations of Helheim Glacier, we find that terminus effects dominate the seasonal velocity pattern up to 15 km from the terminus, while hydrology drives the velocity response upstream. With increased melt, the hydrology influence yields seasonal acceleration of several hundred meters per year in the interior, suggesting that hydrology will play an important role in future mass balance of tidewater glaciers.
Hydro‐Mechanical Characterization of a Fractured Aquifer Using Groundwater Level Tidal Analysis: Effect of Pore Pressure and Seismic Dynamic Shear Stresses on Permeability Variations
Authors: Thomas A. , Fortin J. , Vittecoq B. , Aochi H. , Violette S. , Maury J. , Lacquement F. , Bitri A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGroundwater level tidal analysis is a powerful technique to monitor aquifer's permeability and hence its change over time. Earthquakes are known to affect aquifer's properties, in their vicinity through static stress changes but also further away through dynamic stresses. Most often changes are in the form of permeability increases, but sometimes decreases; the changes can be either permanent or transient. These observations are relatively well documented but the physical processes behind these changes are not well understood. By combining solid‐earth and barometric tidal groundwater level responses in a borehole in a coherent poroelastic theoretical framework, and a bi‐layer hydrogeological model, we recover a 15 years‐long time series evolution of aquifer transmissivity and shear modulus. This study showcases the full potential of the tidal analysis method, coupling pore pressure diffusion and rock deformation, at the frontier of hydrogeology and rock physics. This unprecedented measurement of permeability and shear modulus evolution by tidal analysis reveals, during interseismic period, high sensitivity of this shallow aquifer to effective stress, and thus to pore pressure. Thanks to additional finite element simulation of seismic wave propagation, we explore the different mechanisms affecting permeability and shear modulus in the studied fractured andesite aquifer. This study confirms the predominant role of seismic dynamic stresses, and more precisely of dynamic shear stresses, in the change of permeability following an earthquake.