bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An attractive model: simulating fuzzy dark matter with attractive self-interactions
Authors: Painter Connor A , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Mocz Philip , Vogelsberger Mark 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM), comprised of ultralight ($m \sim 10^{-22}\,{\rm eV}$) boson particles, has received significant attention as a viable alternative to cold dark matter (CDM), as it approximates CDM on large scales (${\gtrsim}1$ Mpc) while potentially resolving some of its small-scale problems via kiloparsec-scale quantum interference. However, the most basic FDM model, with one free parameter (the boson mass), is subject to a tension: small boson masses yield the desired cores of dwarf galaxies but underpredict structure in the Lyman-α forest, while large boson masses render FDM effectively identical to CDM. This Catch-22 problem may be alleviated by considering an axion-like particle with attractive particle self-interactions. We simulate an idealized FDM halo with self-interactions parametrized by an energy decay constant $f \sim 10^{15}~\rm {GeV}$ related to the axion symmetry-breaking conjectured to solve the strong-CP problem in particle physics. We observe solitons, a hallmark of FDM, condensing within a broader halo envelope, and find that the density profile and soliton mass depend on self-interaction strength. We propose generalized formulae to extend those from previous works to include self-interactions. We also investigate a critical mass threshold predicted for strong interactions at which the soliton collapses into a compact, unresolved state. We find that the collapse happens quickly, and its effects are initially contained to the central region of the halo.
Generalized emergent dark energy in the late-time Universe
Authors: Lozano Torres Jose Agustin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate a new type of dark energy model called the generalized emergent dark energy (GEDE) model which encodes either phenomenologically emergent dark energy that has no effective presence in the early times and emerges strongly in late times or the standard model of cosmology Lambda cold dark matter ($\Lambda$CDM). We test this new brand dark energy model and compare it with the standard model of cosmology $\Lambda$CDM using the final baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) uncorrelated measurements in the effective redshift range $0.106 \le z \le 2.33$ of different surveys after two decades of dedicated spectroscopic observation combined with the compressed form of the Pantheon sample of Type Ia supernovae, the observational $H(z)$ measurements based on differential age method, and the recent Hubble constant value measurement from the Hubble Space Telescope and the SH0ES Team in 2022 as an additional Gaussian prior. In the GEDE model fit yields the cosmological parameters $\Omega _{m}=0.2713 \pm 0.0142$ and $\Omega _{\Lambda }=0.7245 \pm 0.0126$ for BAO + R22. Combining BAO with the observational $H(z)$ measurements based on the differential age method, and the Pantheon Type Ia supernova, the Hubble constant yields 69.92 $\pm$ 1.17 km s$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-1}$ and the sound horizon gives 145.97 $\pm$ 2.44 Mpc. We perform the Akaike information criteria, Bayesian information criterion, and Bayesian evidence to compare the GEDE and $\Lambda$CDM models and see that $\Lambda$CDM has a better performance without the inclusion of early-time observations as the cosmic microwave background.
Linking transients to their host galaxies – II. A comparison of host galaxy properties and rate dependencies across supernova types
Authors: Qin Yu-Jing , Zabludoff Ann 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We use the latest data set of supernova (SN) host galaxies to investigate how the host properties – stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), metallicity, absolute magnitude, and colour–differ across SN types, with redshift-driven selection effects controlled. SN Ib and Ic host galaxies, on average, are more massive, metal-rich, and redder than SN II hosts. For subtypes, SN Ibn and Ic-BL have bluer hosts than their normal SN Ib and Ic siblings; SN IIb has consistent host properties with SN Ib, while hosts of SN IIn are more metal-rich than those of SN II. Hydrogen-deficient superluminous SNe feature bluer and lower luminosity hosts than most subtypes of core-collapse supernova (CC SN). Assuming simple proportionality of CC SN rates and host SFRs does not recover the observed mean host properties; either a population of long-lived progenitors or a metallicity-dependent SN production efficiency better reproduces the observed host properties. Assuming the latter case, the rates of SN II are insensitive to host metallicity, but the rates of SN Ib and Ic are substantially enhanced in metal-rich hosts by a factor of $\sim 10$ per dex increase in metallicity. Hosts of SN Ia are diverse in their observed properties; subtypes including SN Ia-91T, Ia-02cx, and Ia-CSM prefer star-forming hosts, while subtypes like SN Ia-91bg and Ca-rich prefer quiescent hosts. The rates of SN Ia-91T, Ia-02cx, and Ia-CSM are closely dependent on, or even proportional to, their host SFRs, indicating relatively short-lived progenitors. Conversely, the rates of SN Ia-91bg and Ca-rich transients are proportional to the total stellar mass, favouring long-lived progenitors.
The characterization of water ice in debris discs: implications for JWST scattered light observations
Authors: Kim Minjae , Kennedy Grant M , Roccatagliata Veronica 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Water ice plays a crucial role throughout the different stages of planetary evolution and is abundant in the Universe. However, its presence and nature in debris discs of exoplanetary systems are not yet strongly established observationally. In this study, we quantify and discuss the impact of ice parameters such as volume fraction ${\mathcal {F}}_{\rm ice}$, blow-out grain size, size distribution, and its phase on the observational appearance of debris discs, considering the diverse nature of these systems around stellar spectral types ranging from A to M. Our findings reveal that the prominent ice features at approximately 2.7 and 3.3 μm depend on both the water ice fraction ${\mathcal {F}}_{\rm ice}$ and the scattering angle, with backscattering geometries yielding the most prominent signatures. When the phase function is considered and data are not background limited, strong forward and backward scattering (near edge-on discs) are expected to yield the strongest detections in images/spectra for A or F-type stars, while scattering angle matters less for later type stars. The Fresnel peak at 3.1 μm serves as a viable discriminant for the transitional phase (crystalline/amorphous), while simultaneously constraining the water ice temperature. For JWST imaging, we find that the F356W and F444W filter combination is most effective for constraining the grain size distribution, while the F356W and F277W filter combination provides better constraints on the ice fraction ${\mathcal {F}}_{\rm ice}$ in debris discs. However, degeneracy between the grain size distribution and ice fraction when using photometric flux ratios means that obtaining robust constraints will likely require more than two filters, or spectroscopic data.
Assessing the efficacy of haemoperfusion for dermatomyositis-associated acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease: A multicentre retrospective study
Authors: Sun Shuqin , Yu Yanfei , Feng Wenjing , Sun Luyan , Yang Shuo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Haemoperfusion (HP) is used to treat various diseases, including sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, few studies have explored the efficiency of HP in dermatomyositis-associated acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study. Two hundred and sixteen patients with dermatomyositis-associated acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease were included. Patients were divided into the HP group (treatment group) and the control group. Changes in oxygenation, haemodynamic parameters, lung ultrasound scores, and inflammatory cytokine levels were evaluated before and after HP in the treatment group. The length of intensive care unit (ICU) stays, duration of ventilator therapy, mortality rate, and incidence of complications were compared between the treatment and control groups.

Results
Haemodynamic and oxygenation variables in the treatment group significantly improved after treatment. However, the levels of the inflammatory factors significantly decreased after treatment. The length of ICU stay and the duration of ventilator therapy were significantly shorter in the treatment group than in the control group. The mortality rate of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that HP could improve treatment efficacy in patients with dermatomyositis-associated acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease.
Epidemiological, Phylogenetic, and Resistance Heterogeneity Among Acinetobacter baumannii in a Large U.S. Deep South Healthcare system
Authors: Graffice Emma , Moates Derek B , Leal Sixto M , Amerson-Brown Megan , Calix Juan J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) disease in the United States is commonly attributed to outbreaks of 1 or 2 monophyletic carbapenem resistance (CR) Ab lineages that vary by region. However, there is limited knowledge regarding CRAb epidemiology and population structures in the U.S. Deep South, and few studies compare contemporary CR and carbapenem-susceptible (Cs) Ab, despite relative prevalence of the latter.

Methods
We performed a multiyear analysis of 2462 Ab cases in a large healthcare system in Birmingham, AL, and 89 post-2021 Ab isolates were sequenced and phenotyped by antibiotic susceptibility tests.

Results
Although the cumulative CR rate was 17.7% in our cohort, rates regularly increased in winter months as result of seasonal changes in case incidence of CsAb, specifically. Genotyped CRAb belonged to clonal group (CG) 1, CG2, CG108, CG250, or CG499, with local clones of CG108, CG250, and CG499 persisting over multiple months. There was no clonal expansion of any CsAb lineage. Among CRAb isolates, levels of β-lactam antibiotic resistance and the repertoire of related genetic resistance determinants, which included the novel CR-conferring FtsI A515V polymorphism, differed according to CG. CG108 and CG499 isolates displayed specific heteroresistance to sulbactam and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, respectively, which resulted in discrepant susceptibility results in microbroth versus agar-based antibiotic susceptibility tests modalities.

Conclusions
We report an unusually high degree of CRAb phylogenetic diversity principally driven by emergent U.S. lineages harboring novel resistance elements that must be incorporated into diagnostic, surveillance, and preclinical research efforts.
Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex Infection Following CD3/CD20 Bispecific Antibody Therapy in a Patient With Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Little Jessica S , Hurtado Rocio M , Boire Nicholas , Baden Lindsey R , Laga Alvaro C , Silk Ann W , Jacobson Caron A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Infections remain a major concern following bispecific antibody therapy but are not well described in pivotal trials. We present the first well-documented case of a classic but rare opportunistic infection, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex, in a patient receiving bispecific antibody therapy.
The Amazon Basin’s rivers and lakes support Nearctic-breeding shorebirds during southward migration
Authors: Linscott Jennifer A , Basso Enzo , Bathrick Rosalyn , Bosi de Almeida Juliana , Anderson Alexandra M , Angulo-Pratolongo Fernando , Ballard Bart M , Bêty Joël , Brown Stephen C , Christie Katherine S , Clements Sarah J , Friis Christian , Gesmundo Callie , Giroux Marie-Andrée , Harrison Autumn-Lynn , Harwood Christopher M , Hill Jason M , Johnson James A , Kempenaers Bart , Laliberté Benoit , Lamarre Jean-Francois , Lanctot Richard B , Latty Christopher , Lecomte Nicolas , McDuffie Laura A , Navedo Juan G , Nol Erica , Pohlen Zachary M , Rausch Jennie , Renfrew Rosalind B , Ruiz Jorge , Russell Mike , Ruthrauff Daniel R , Saalfeld Sarah T , Sandercock Brett K , Schulte Shiloh A , Smith Paul A , Taylor Audrey R , Tibbitts T Lee , Valcu Mihai , Weegman Mitch D , Wright James R , Senner Nathan R 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Identifying the migration routes and stopover sites used by declining species is critical for developing targeted conservation actions. Long-distance migratory shorebirds are among the groups of birds declining most rapidly, yet we frequently lack detailed knowledge about the routes and stopover sites they use during their hemisphere-spanning migrations. This is especially true for species that migrate through mid-continental regions in the Western Hemisphere. We therefore used satellite transmitters to track 212 individuals of 6 shorebird species during their southward migrations—Pluvialis dominica (American Golden-Plover), Limosa haemastica (Hudsonian Godwit), Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs), Calidris subruficollis (Buff-breasted Sandpiper), C. melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper), and Bartramia longicauda (Upland Sandpiper)—as they crossed the Amazon Basin of South America, a region from which reports of shorebird numbers are increasing but remain relatively rare. Our results make clear that the Amazon Basin provides stopover habitat for a large number of shorebirds: more than 74% of individuals tracked crossing the Amazon Basin stopped over in the region for an average of 2–14 days, with some spending the entire nonbreeding season there. All species selected stopover sites along the region’s many rivers and lakes, while within stopover sites each species exhibited distinct habitat preferences. The timing of stopovers within sub-basins of the Amazon Basin also coincided with periods of low water, when the muddy, shallow water habitats preferred by most shorebirds are likely plentiful. Together, our results highlight the need for detailed investigations into shorebird abundance and distribution within the Amazon Basin, threats to shorebirds within particular subbasins, and links between shorebird conservation efforts and those targeting the myriad other species that inhabit this dynamic, hyper-diverse region.
Kaluza–Klein Schwinger Effect
Authors: Yamada Yusuke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that electric fields in compactified spaces may produce Kaluza–Klein (KK) particles even when the energy of the electric fields is smaller than the KK scale. As an illustrative example, we consider a charged massless complex scalar coupled to U(1) gauge theory in $\mathbb {R}^{1,3}\times {\mathbb {S}}^1$ and discuss the effect of background gauge potential along a compact direction. The electric field produces the charged KK particle nonperturbatively, which we call the KK Schwinger effect. We quantitatively show that KK modes can be produced even when the electric field energy is far below the KK scale. The mechanism is rather general and similar phenomena would occur in any compactification models when a gauge potential along a compact direction evolves in time and experiences a large enough field excursion. We also discuss the subtlety of 4D effective theory truncated by KK modes at an initial time, when the electric field is turned on.
Analysis of risk factors for changes of renal artery resistance indexes in gout patients by ultrasound colour Doppler
Authors: Dang Wantai , Luo Hui , Hu Jin , Liu Jian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Gout may disturb renal hemodynamics by promoting uric acid deposition; however, this relationship has not been elucidated with adequate clinical evidence. In this study, we measured the renal artery resistance index (ARI) in patients with gout to identify the risk factors and establish predictive models for elevated renal ARI in these patients.

Methods
Renal artery ultrasound examination was performed in 235 primary gout patients and 50 healthy controls (HCs); subsequently, their renal interlobar ARI (RIARI), renal segmental ARI (RSARI) and overall intrarenal ARI (OIARI) were recorded. Each ARI &gt; 0.7 was considered elevated.

Results
RIARI, RSARI and OIARI were higher in patients with gout than in HCs (all P &lt; 0.001). Nineteen (8.1%), 24 (10.2%) and 18 (7.7%) patients had elevated RIARI, RSARI and OIARI scores, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses disclosed that: age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.000), abnormal beta2 microglobulin (β2MG) (P = 0.028), and abnormal high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (P = 0.030) were independently associated with elevated RIARI; age ≥ 60 years (P = 0.000), and abnormal β2MG (P = 0.013) were independently related to elevated RSARI; abnormal total protein (TP) (P = 0.014) were independently linked with elevated OIARI in gout patients. Consequently, predictive models for elevated ARI were established using nomograms based on the aforementioned independent risk factors, which showed a satisfactory value for estimating elevated RIARI [area under the curve (AUC):0.929], RSARI (AUC: 0.926) and OIARI (AUC: 0.660) in patients with gout, as validated by receiver operating characteristic curves.

Conclusion
Renal ARI were elevated in patients with gout, whose independent risk factors included older age and abnormal β2MG, HDLC and TP levels.
The impact of winning funding on researcher productivity, results from a randomized trial
Authors: Barnett Adrian , Blakely Tony , Liu Mengyao , Garland Luke , Clarke Philip 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The return on investment of funding science has rarely been accurately measured. Previous estimates of the benefits of funding have used observational studies, including regression discontinuity designs. In 2013, the Health Research Council of New Zealand began awarding funding using a modified lottery, with an initial peer review stage followed by funding at random for short-listed applicants. This allowed us to compare research outputs between those awarded funding or not using a randomized experimental study design. The analysis included eighty-eight researchers who were followed for an average of 3.8 years of follow-up. The rate ratios (and 95 per cent credible intervals (CI)) for funding were 0.95 (95 per cent CI 0.67 to 1.39) for publications and 1.06 (95 per cent CI 0.79 to 1.43) for citations, showing no clear impact of funding on research outputs. The wider use of funding lotteries could provide robust estimates of the benefits of research funding to better inform science policy.
A novel deep learning model for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis: hybrid CNN-Transformer approach for radar-based detection of apnea-hypopnea events
Authors: Choi Jae Won , Koo Dae Lim , Kim Dong Hyun , Nam Hyunwoo , Lee Ji Hyun , Hong Seung-No , Kim Baekhyun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The demand for cost-effective and accessible alternatives to polysomnography (PSG), the conventional diagnostic method for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), has surged. In this study, we have developed and validated a deep learning model for detecting apnea-hypopnea events using radar data.

Methods
We conducted a single-center prospective cohort study, dividing participants with suspected sleep-disordered breathing into development and temporally independent test sets. Utilizing a hybrid CNN-Transformer architecture, we performed fivefold cross-validation on the development set to develop and subsequently validate the model. Evaluation metrics included sensitivity for event detection, mean absolute error (MAE), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) estimation. Linearly weighted kappa statistics (κ) assessed OSA severity.

Results
The development set comprised 54 participants (July 2021–May 2022), while the test set included 35 participants (June 2022–June 2023). In the test set, our model achieved an event detection sensitivity of 67.2% (95% CI = 65.8% to 68.5%) and demonstrated a MAE of 7.54 (95% CI = 5.36 to 9.72), indicating good agreement (ICC = 0.889 [95% CI = 0.792 to 0.942]) and a strong correlation (r = 0.892 [95% CI = 0.795 to 0.945]) with the ground truth for AHI estimation. Furthermore, OSA severity estimation showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.780 [95% CI = 0.658 to 0.903]).

Conclusions
Our study highlights radar sensors and advanced AI models’ potential to improve OSA diagnosis, paving the path for future radar-based diagnostic models in sleep medicine research.
Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Yubin , Zhang Linghui , Zhou Yuqiu , Zhang Jiayuan , Yu Hong , Li Qi , Xu Jun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Health care workers represent a substantial demographic whose welfare and work efficiency are crucial to public health and societal well-being. However, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction within this group is often overlooked, despite its significant occurrence.

Objective
To evaluate the worldwide prevalence of sexual dysfunction among health care workers.

Methods
A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies ranging from 2003 to 2023 were performed to compile prevalence estimates of sexual dysfunction among health care workers. A random effects model was implemented to amalgamate the prevalence analysis. Study heterogeneity was discerned by I2 and χ2 statistics. To assess potential publication bias, an Egger’s test and a funnel plot were employed.

Results
This meta-analysis incorporated 39 studies from 16 countries, encompassing 44 017 health care workers. The pooled prevalence of sexual dysfunction among health care workers was 46.79% (95% CI, 38.09%-55.68%), with a slightly higher prevalence of 49.57% (95% CI, 38.18%-61.01%) among clinical health care workers. The most prevalent forms of sexual dysfunction identified were loss of libido (51.26%), erectile dysfunction (36.99%), sexual dissatisfaction (36.90%), pain during intercourse (28.23%), orgasmic disorders (25.13%), low sexual arousal (23.54%), and lubrication disorders (22.62%). Among various health care professions, nurses exhibited the highest prevalence of sexual dysfunction (56.29%), followed by doctors (37.63%) and other health care workers (24.96%). Additionally, female health care workers experienced a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction (47.61%) as compared with their male counterparts (32.01%).

Conclusion
This study indicates that nearly half of health care professionals report experiencing sexual dysfunction, with loss of libido being the most common manifestation. Addressing this issue requires a multistakeholder approach.