bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poleward expansion of mangroves is a threshold response to decreased frequency of extreme cold events
Authors: Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Kellner James R. , Forde Alexander J. , Gruner Daniel S. , Parker John D. , Rodriguez Wilfrid , Feller Ilka C. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Coastal mangrove forests support a diverse array of associated species and provide ecosystem services to human communities. Mangroves cannot tolerate extreme freezing temperatures and so are generally limited to tropical environments. However, climate change in the form of increasing temperatures has the potential to facilitate increases in mangrove abundance near tropical–temperate transition zones. Here, we use 28 y of satellite imagery to demonstrate that increases in mangrove area have already occurred along the northeast coast of Florida. These increases correspond to decreases in the frequency of extreme cold events in this region. We also identify a temperature-related ecological threshold of −4°C. These results suggest that landscape-scale increases in mangrove area may occur in other regions where this threshold is crossed.
Evolutionary genetics and implications of small size and twinning in callitrichine primates
Authors: Harris R. Alan , Tardif Suzette D. , Vinar Tomas , Wildman Derek E. , Rutherford Julienne N. , Rogers Jeffrey , Worley Kim C. , Aagaard Kjersti M. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceNew World monkeys (NWMs) are characterized by an extensive size range, and clawed NWMs (callitrichines) such as marmosets manifest diminutive size and unique reproductive adaptations such as twinning. Evolutionary explanations have been proposed for these traits, and with the common marmoset genome assembly the genetic underpinnings of these traits can now be explored. Callitrichine-specific nonsynonymous substitutions were identified inGDF9,BMP15, BMP4, andWFIKKN1. We postulate that positive selection affected NWM growth patterns, with callitrichine miniaturization coevolving with a series of reproductive adaptations that bear benefit when gestating multiples. Given the high rate of morbidity and mortality with human twins, future studies into callitrichine genomic adaptations will undoubtedly lead to unique insights of benefit to their human counterparts.
TRIM14 is a mitochondrial adaptor that facilitates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I–like receptor-mediated innate immune response
Authors: Zhou Zhuo , Jia Xue , Xue Qinghua , Dou Zhixun , Ma Yijie , Zhao Zhendong , Jiang Zhengfan , He Bin , Jin Qi , Wang Jianwei 
Published: December 2013

Significance
The innate immune system plays a key role in host defense that involves the detection of microbial components and a series of signaling events that lead to production of interferons and cytokines. Recently, the identification of mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) protein placed mitochondria at the forefront of the innate immune response against virus infection. However, how the MAVS signaling complex is assembled and regulated on the mitochondria outer membrane is only partially understood. Here we show that tripartite motif 14 (TRIM14) facilitates the assembly of the MAVS complex assembly. Upon virus infection, TRIM14 recruits NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) to the MAVS complex via ubiquitin chains. Knockdown of TRIM14 disrupts the MAVS–NEMO association and attenuates the antiviral response. Our results thus provide a missing link in MAVS-mediated innate immune signaling.
Structural mechanisms of PriA-mediated DNA replication restart
Authors: Bhattacharyya Basudeb , George Nicholas P. , Thurmes Tiffany M. , Zhou Ruobo , Jani Niketa , Wessel Sarah R. , Sandler Steven J. , Ha Taekjip , Keck James L. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
This study describes the crystal structures of the full-length PriA DNA helicase, a multifunctional enzyme that mediates the essential process of restarting prematurely terminated DNA replication reactions in bacteria. Our findings reveal how PriA is able to recognize replication restart substrates through structure-specific DNA binding and interactions with the ssDNA-binding protein and how it exposes ssDNA that could be used to reload the replisome and reinitiate replication. These observations shed light on the physical mechanisms that allow cells to survive the common and potentially lethal problems posed by incomplete genome replication.
Hydrophobic plug functions as a gate in voltage-gated proton channels
Authors: Chamberlin Adam , Qiu Feng , Rebolledo Santiago , Wang Yibo , Noskov Sergei Y. , Larsson H. Peter 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Voltage-gated proton (Hv1) channels play important roles in various physiological processes, such as the innate immune response. However, the mechanism by which this channel closes and opens its proton permeation pathways is unknown, due to the lack of structural information about the closed and open states of the channel. This study uses both simulation and experimental approaches to develop models of the closed and open states of the Hv1 channel. These models suggest a mechanism for how the channel closes and opens. The models also suggest a mechanism explaining why a blocker only binds to the open state of the channel. These structural models will be essential for future investigations of this channel and the development of new pharmacological blockers.
The inner rod protein controls substrate switching and needle length in a
Salmonella
type III secretion system
Authors: Lefebre Matthew D. , Galán Jorge E. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Type III secretion systems are multiprotein nanomachines with the capacity to inject bacterial proteins into eukaryotic cells that are used by bacterial symbionts or pathogens to interact with their hosts. The main component of these machines is the needle complex, a multiprotein organelle composed of a bacterial envelope-associated multiring base and a filament-like structure, the needle, that projects from the bacterial surface and is linked to the base by an inner rod. Here we have studied the inner rod in detail and provided important insight into the mechanism of assembly and function of type III secretion machines. Understanding the function of type III secretion machines could lead to the development of novel antimicrobials.
IRAK-1 bypasses priming and directly links TLRs to rapid NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Lin Keng-Mean , Hu Wei , Troutman Ty Dale , Jennings Michelle , Brewer Travis , Li Xiaoxia , Nanda Sambit , Cohen Philip , Thomas James A. , Pasare Chandrashekhar 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceToll-like receptors recognize conserved molecules that are expressed by both harmless (commensal) and harmful (virulent) microbes. Another set of receptors, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), are expressed in the cytosol and recognize virulence factors and toxins from pathogenic microbes. Previous studies on TLRs and NLRs have suggested that TLR signaling primes the NLR inflammasome pathway. Here we discovered that TLRs, via the signaling molecule IL-1 receptor-associated kinase, directly regulate activation of a specific NLR, nucleotide binding and oligomerization, leucine-rich repeat, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). This is important because when infection occurs, the virulent/pathogenic microorganisms activate both of these receptors. We also found that simultaneous activation of TLRs and NLRP3 is important for rapid innate immune response by the host.
Electroconvulsive therapy-induced brain plasticity determines therapeutic outcome in mood disorders
Authors: Dukart Juergen , Regen Francesca , Kherif Ferath , Colla Michael , Bajbouj Malek , Heuser Isabella , Frackowiak Richard S. , Draganski Bogdan 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Electroconvulsive therapy is controversial: How does a major electrical discharge over half the brain result in recovery in disorders such as refractory major depression and manic depression, which are apparently different diseases? We find local but not general brain anatomy changes following electroconvulsive therapy that are differently distributed in each disease, and the areas affected are those implicated as abnormal in each disorder. An interaction between electroconvulsive therapy and specific pathology appears to be responsible for the therapeutic effect. Our results have implications for other electrically based brain treatments, such as deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Self-assembled lipid and membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles
Authors: Basta Tamara , Wu Hsin-Jui , Morphew Mary K. , Lee Jonas , Ghosh Nilanjan , Lai Jeffrey , Heumann John M. , Wang Keeshia , Lee Y. C. , Rees Douglas C. , Stowell Michael H. B. 
Published: December 2013

SignificanceAn alternate strategy to tubular or 2D crystals for high-resolution membrane protein structure determination by electron microscopy has been developed. Homogeneous polyhedral proteoliposomes of defined symmetry were prepared from theEscherichia colimechanosensitive channel of small conductance (MscS). These membrane protein polyhedral nanoparticles (MPPNs) were analyzed by electron cryomicroscopy that established that they contain 24 MscS heptamers related by octahedral symmetry wherein the individual MscS conformation resembles the nonconducting state. We further demonstrate the development of a membraneless microfluidic device that can facilitate the preparation of a variety of MPPNs, with future applications including structural studies of membrane proteins in the presence of transmembrane gradients, as well as drug delivery carriers or as templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation.
Potentiation of cytotoxic chemotherapy by growth hormone-releasing hormone agonists
Authors: Jaszberenyi Miklos , Rick Ferenc G. , Popovics Petra , Block Norman L. , Zarandi Marta , Cai Ren-Zhi , Vidaurre Irving , Szalontay Luca , Jayakumar Arumugam R. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: December 2013

Significance
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and its agonistic analogs, besides augmenting the release of growth hormone from the pituitary, can exert direct stimulatory effects on various extrapituitary tissues. Present oncologic evaluation of growth of a glioblastoma cell line revealed that the combination of GHRH agonist, JI-34, with doxorubicin (DOX) produced greater inhibition in vivo than either drug alone. In vitro, JI-34 also potentiated the effects of DOX, decreased the expression of the neuroectodermal stem-cell antigen, nestin, and up-regulated the glial maturation marker, GFAP. These findings indicate that GHRH agonists can induce differentiation of cancer cells, increasing the response to DOX. These observations expand the known spectrum of activities of GHRH and its analogs and have potential clinical implications for therapy.
The “mapping out” approach: effectiveness of marine spatial management options in European coastal waters
Authors: Soma Katrine , Ramos Jorge , Bergh Øivind , Schulze Torsten , van Oostenbrugge Hans , van Duijn Arie Pieter , Kopke Kathrin , Stelzenmüller Vanessa , Grati Fabio , Mäkinen Timo , Stenberg Claus , Buisman Erik 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Marine spatial management is challenged by complex situations in European countries where multiple stakeholder interests and many management options have to be balanced. EU policy initiatives such as the proposed Marine Spatial Planning Directive, are in different ways targeting area allocation in European waters. In this circumstance, EU marine management needs assessments based on a satisfactory evaluation framework design that can ensure a transparent treatment of different types of information including interests, values, and facts. The main goal of this article is to introduce an evaluation framework applicable to marine management in European countries. This so-called CoExist framework maps out different types of relevant knowledge to assess future possibilities for use or no-use of marine areas and links this with appropriate management measures. The CoExist framework is based on the principles of ensuring transparent treatment of different types of information as well as appropriate stakeholder representation which can ensure legitimacy. Empirical findings in six European case studies have been obtained while conducting the CoExist framework. Applying the basic principles of the CoExist framework when planning future management directions of the coexistence of multiple activities in the long-run will expectedly affect the ecological and social-cultural goals by counterbalancing the economic ones.
Poor taxonomical knowledge of larval fish prey preference is impeding our ability to assess the existence of a “critical period” driving year-class strength
Authors: Robert Dominique , Murphy Hannah M. , Jenkins Gregory P. , Fortier Louis 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDespite 100 years of research testing the link between prey availability during the larval stage and year-class strength, field-based evidence for Hjort's “critical period” hypothesis remains equivocal. Here, we argue that a minority of past studies have relied on sufficient taxonomical knowledge of larval fish prey preference to reveal the potential effects of variability in zooplankton prey production on larval vital rates and year-class strength. In contrast to the juvenile and adult stages, larval fish diet and prey field are often poorly resolved, resulting in the inclusion of zooplankton taxa that do not actually contribute to the diet as part of the prey field considered by fisheries scientists. Recent studies have demonstrated that when accounting for prey selectivity, the expected positive relationships between preferred prey availability and larval feeding success, growth and survival are revealed. We strongly recommend that laboratories conducting research on larval fish trophodynamics take prey selectivity into account and acquire the necessary taxonomic expertise for providing valid assessments of the influence of prey availability on larval vital rates. We make the prediction that the proportion of studies supporting the existence of a “critical period” will increase proportionally to the progress of knowledge on prey preference during the early larval stage.
BOFFFFs: on the importance of conserving old-growth age structure in fishery populations
Authors: Hixon Mark A. , Johnson Darren W. , Sogard Susan M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe value of big old fat fecund female fish (BOFFFFs) in fostering stock productivity and stability has long been underappreciated by conventional fisheries science and management, although Hjort (1914) indirectly alluded to the importance of maternal effects. Compared with smaller mature females, BOFFFFs in a broad variety of marine and freshwater teleosts produce far more and often larger eggs that may develop into larvae that grow faster and withstand starvation better. As (if not more) importantly, BOFFFFs in batch-spawning species tend to have earlier and longer spawning seasons and may spawn in different locations than smaller females. Such features indicate that BOFFFFs are major agents of bet-hedging strategies that help to ensure individual reproductive success in environments that vary tremendously in time and space. Even if all else were equal, BOFFFFs can outlive periods that are unfavourable for successful reproduction and be ready to spawn profusely and enhance recruitment when favourable conditions return (the storage effect). Fishing differentially removes BOFFFFs, typically resulting in severe truncation of the size and age structure of the population. In the worst cases, fishing mortality acts as a powerful selective agent that inhibits reversal of size and age truncation, even if fishing intensity is later reduced. Age truncation is now known to destabilize fished populations, increasing their susceptibility to collapse. Although some fisheries models are beginning to incorporate maternal and other old-growth effects, most continue to treat all spawning-stock biomass as identical: many small young females are assumed to contribute the same to stock productivity as an equivalent mass of BOFFFFs. A growing body of knowledge dictates that fisheries productivity and stability would be enhanced if management conserved old-growth age structure in fished stocks, be it by limiting exploitation rates, by implementing slot limits, or by establishing marine reserves, which are now known to seed surrounding fished areas via larval dispersal. Networks of marine reserves are likely to be the most effective means of ensuring that pockets of old-growth age structure survive throughout the geographic range of demersal species.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect
Authors: He Ke , Wang Yayu , Xue Qi-Kun 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Hall effect is a well-known electromagnetic phenomenon that has been widely applied in the semiconductor industry. The quantum Hall effect discovered in two-dimensional electronic systems under a strong magnetic field provided new insights into condensed matter physics, especially the topological aspect of electronic states. The quantum anomalous Hall effect is a special kind of the quantum Hall effect that occurs without a magnetic field. It has long been sought after because its realization will significantly facilitate the studies and applications of the quantum Hall physics. In this paper, we review how the idea of the quantum anomalous Hall effect was developed and how the effect was finally experimentally realized in thin films of a magnetically doped topological insulator.
Trajectories of language delay from age 3 to 5: persistence, recovery and late onset
Authors: Zambrana Imac Maria , Pons Francisco , Eadie Patricia , Ystrom Eivind 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge is scarce on what contributes to whether children with early language delay (LD) show persistent, recovering or sometimes late‐onset LD without a prior history of early LD in subsequent preschool years.AimsTo explore whether an integrative model of vital risk factors, including poor early communication skills, family history of language‐related difficulties and male gender, predicts the development of persistent, recovering or late‐onset LD trajectories from 3 to 5 years quantitatively and qualitatively differently.Methods & ProceduresLD was assessed by maternal reports on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 3 and 5 years for 10 587 children in The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Children were classified across time as having no, late onset, transient or persistent LD. Multinomial logistic regression analyses included the integrative model of vital risk factors and covariates.Outcome & ResultsAcross time, 3%, 5% and 6.5% of the children displayed persistent, transient and late‐onset LD, respectively. The odds for persistent LD were doubled for boys and children with low language comprehension at 1.5 years; and tripled by late‐talking familial risk. These same odds decreased for transient LD, and even further for late‐onset LD. Familial risk for writing and reading difficulties especially increased the odds for late‐onset and persistent LD, while familial risk of unintelligible speech increased the odds for transient LD. Although girls had on average far better language comprehension than boys, low language comprehension was a stronger risk factor for persistent LD in girls.Conclusions & ImplicationsPreschool LD trajectories were uniquely predicted from the integrative risk model of poor early communicative skills, family history and male gender. This might benefit identification of different LD trajectories by supporting broader severe vulnerability for persistent LD, milder vulnerability for transient LD, and possibly a specific risk for reading and learning difficulties for children with late‐onset LD.
Cloning of a putative extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and functional differences of superoxide dismutases in invasive and indigenous whiteflies
Authors: Gao Xian‐Long , Li Jun‐Min , Xu Hong‐Xing , Yan Gen‐Hong , Jiu Min , Liu Shu‐Sheng , Wang Xiao‐Wei 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSuperoxide dismutases (SODs) are a group of important antioxidant defense enzymes. In this study, a putative extracellular Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (ecCuZnSOD) complementary DNA was cloned and characterized from the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression level of Bt‐ecCuZnSOD was more than 10‐fold higher in the invasive Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) than in the native Asia II 3 species of the B. tabaci species complex. After exposure to low temperature (4 °C), the expression of Bt‐ecCuZnSOD gene was significantly up‐regulated in MEAM1 but not in Asia II 3. Furthermore, the expression level of B. tabaci intracellular CuZnSOD (Bt‐icCuZnSOD), Bt‐ecCuZnSOD and mitochondrial MnSOD (Bt‐mMnSOD) was compared after transferring MEAM1 and Asia II 3 whiteflies from favorable (cotton) to unfavorable host plants (tobacco). On cotton, both CuZnSOD genes were expressed at a higher level in MEAM1 compared with Asia II 3. Interestingly, after transferring onto tobacco, the expression of Bt‐ecCuZnSOD was significantly induced in Asia II 3 but not in MEAM1. On the other hand, while Bt‐mMnSOD was expressed equally in both species on cotton, Bt‐mMnSOD messenger RNA was up‐regulated in MEAM1 on tobacco. Consistently, enzymatic activity assays of CuZnSOD and MnSOD demonstrated that CuZnSOD might play an important protective role against oxidative stress in Asia II 3, whereas MnSOD activation was critical for MEAM1 whiteflies during host adaptation. Taken together, our results suggest that the successful invasion of MEAM1 is correlated with its constitutive high activity of CuZnSOD and inducible expression of MnSOD under stress conditions.
Planktonic foraminifera as bio‐indicators for monitoring the climatic changes that have occurred over the past 2000 years in the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea
Authors: LIRER Fabrizio , SPROVIERI Mario , VALLEFUOCO Mattia , FERRARO Luciana , PELOSI Nicola , GIORDANO Laura , CAPOTONDI Lucilla 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA high‐resolution integrated study has been performed in a super‐expanded marine record (sedimentation rate spanning from 11 cm/100 years to 20 cm/100 years) from the continental shelf area of the southeastern Tyrrhenian Sea. Planktonic foraminiferal distribution illustrates 6 major environmental changes during the past 2000 years: (i) the Roman Period–Dark Age transition (from herbivorous‐opportunistic to carnivorous species); (ii) the Dark Age–MCA transition (from carnivorous to herbivorous‐opportunistic species); (iii) the Medieval Classic Anomaly–Little Ice Age transition (a further and definitive change from carnivorous to herbivorous‐opportunistic species); (iv) the period during the Maunder event between approximately 1720 AD and 1740 AD (turnover from the carnivorous planktonic foraminifer Globigerinodes ruber to the herbivorous‐opportunistic planktonic foraminifer Turborotalita quinqueloba); (v) the Industrial Period (dominance of herbivorous‐opportunistic planktonic foraminifera); and (vi) the Modern Warm Period at approximately 1940 AD (the last turnover in favor of herbivorous‐opportunistic planktonic foraminifers, associated with an increase in benthic foraminifera). Our studies lead us to link this latter feature to an anthropogenic impact associated with the damming of Sele River (Salerno Gulf) at 1934 AD, which induced a change in the sediment input with a strong decrease in coarse‐grained fraction and a probable alteration in nutrient supply. The δ18OG. ruber record of the past 2000 years shows the alternation of warm/wet and cold/dry events related to the Roman Period, the Dark Age, the Medieval Classic Anomaly, the Little Ice Age, the Industrial Period and the Modern Warm Period. The 5 evident δ18OG. ruber oscillations (between approximately 1325 AD and 1940 AD) coincide with the 5 minima in the solar activity record (Wolf, Spörer, Maunder, Dalton and Damon events).