bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive phylogeny of extinct and extant Rhizomyinae (Rodentia): evidence for multiple intercontinental dispersals
Authors: López‐Antoñanzas Raquel , Flynn Lawrence J. , Knoll Fabien 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe subfamily Rhizomyinae is known from the Late Oligocene up to the present. Today this group comprises six species, which live in southern Asia and eastern Africa. Despite the current moderate diversity of the rhizomyines, they had a greater diversification and wider distribution in the past: from Asia, their land of origin, to Africa, which they entered during the Early Miocene. So far 33 fossil species can be referred to this group. A cladistic analysis involving fossil and living species has been carried out. Prokanisamys spp. turned out to be the most basal taxa of the ingroup. This analysis calls into question the monophyly of several genera, and allows the proposal of a phylogenetic definition of the tribes Tachyoryctini and Rhizomyini. It also provides information about the origin of the African rhizomyines and allows inferring multiple dispersal phenomena from Asia to Africa in Early and Late Miocene times.
Effects of surfactants and the kinetic energy of monodroplets on the deposit structure of glyphosate at the micro‐scale and their relevance to herbicide bio‐efficacy on selected weed species
Authors: BASI S , HUNSCHE M , NOGA G 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe deposit pattern of foliar‐applied agrochemicals, and its relation to their bio‐efficacy, has major practical importance. Thus, in our experiments, we evaluated the relevance of the deposition properties of glyphosate for its bio‐efficacy. The deposition pattern of glyphosate monodroplets was influenced by using surfactant and by applying the droplets with or without kinetic energy to the plant foliage. Monodroplets (1 μL) of glyphosate, formulated with or without ethoxylated rapeseed oil surfactant (RSO) having on average 5, 10, 30 or 60 ethylene oxide units (EO), as well as one commercial glyphosate product (CGP), were applied either by carefully placing the droplet on the foliage with a pipette (kinetic energy assumed to be near zero) or by a monodroplet generator (with kinetic energy). We selected two easy‐to‐wet (Stellaria media and Viola arvensis) and two difficult‐to‐wet (Chenopodium album and Setaria viridis) weed species as target plants. The deposit structure was determined using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive x‐ray microanalysis. The kinetic energy of the droplet had no consistent effect on the deposit structure or the bio‐efficacy of glyphosate formulations. In contrast, surfactants differing in EO unit, affected both the deposit structure and the bio‐efficacy of the formulations, depending upon the species. In easy‐to‐wet species, the increase in EO unit of RSO surfactant failed to affect the deposit area of glyphosate and its bio‐efficacy. However, in difficult‐to‐wet species, the increase in EO unit of RSO surfactant reduced the deposit area of glyphosate and enhanced its bio‐efficacy.
Gut content analysis to study predatory efficacy of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) by molecular methods
Authors: Itou Masao , Watanabe Masaya , Watanabe Eisuke , Miura Kazuki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNesidiocoris tenuis is considered to make significant contributions to the control of greenhouse pests such as whiteflies, thrips, leafminers, lepidopterans, and spider mites, although there is little information based on direct observation of the predation of N. tenuis on these target pests. We developed a method to perform gut content analysis of N. tenuis based on DNA in which specific PCR primers were designed to detect the DNA of target pests. By means of gut‐content analysis, we found that the percentage of N. tenuis preying on Bemisia tabaci and Thrips palmi was approximately 40% in the field.
Reducing Packaging Waste and Cost via Consumer Price Discounts
Authors: Aydinliyim Tolga , Pangburn Michael S. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTLow‐waste packaging may imply an inconvenience to consumers and cause firms to offer a compensating price discount. For example, Starbucks’ “Take the Mug Pledge” campaign provides a 10‐cent discount for customers who purchase coffee without a standard cup (i.e., customers provide their own cup). Understanding how such a discount drives demand and profit is the focus of this article. We consider a monopolist that can offer a reduced‐packaging option for its product at a variable cost savings. That option implies a transactional “inconvenience” cost for consumers. While that transactional cost is generally positive, our model also permits some consumers to associate convenience with reduced packaging. We derive the optimal price and discount that maximize profits. We show the optimal discount is bounded by the magnitude of the variable cost savings associated with the packaging reduction. We explore when the optimal discount is negative (a price premium), which requires a specific proportion of consumers to associate convenience with reduced packaging. We also derive conditions under which the firm should price to eliminate demand for the standard product, rather than segment the market, to leverage the variable cost savings of reduced packaging. When the variable cost savings are low (e.g., as is true for Starbucks), we show the profit curve for the segmenting policy is relatively flat for a discount up to several multiples of the cost differential. Finally, we demonstrate the potential for the reduced packaging option, with optimal discounting, to simultaneously increase profit and consumer surplus while reducing waste.
Introduction of an extended care paramedic model in New Zealand
Authors: Hoyle Sarah , Swain Andrew H , Fake Paul , Larsen Peter D 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectivesThe first extended care paramedic (ECP) model of care in New Zealand was introduced in the Kapiti region, north of Wellington in 2009. The ECP model aimed to increase the proportion of patients presenting to the ambulance service who could be treated in the community. This study evaluated the first 1000 patients seen by ECPs.MethodsThe first 1000 presentations attended by ECPs were examined to determine the proportions of patients transported to the ED and treated in the community. For patients treated in the community we determined the number presenting to the ED within 7 days of ECP attendance.ResultsA total of 797 patients (mean age 62 years) had 1000 clinical presentations. In 59% the patient was treated either at home or in the local community, with 40% transported to the ED. Within the same region and time period 74% of patients attended by standard paramedics were transported to the ED. The rate of ECP transport to the ED differed significantly by clinical condition, with 71% of cardiac presentations versus 19% of patients with spinal problems taken to the ED. In 31 cases (5%) where the patient had been managed in the community there was an acute ED presentation within 7 days.ConclusionWe observed that ECPs have significant potential to reduce hospital ED attendances by treating more patients in the community, and this is associated with a low rate of subsequent ED presentations. Prioritisation of dispatch of ECPs to particular types of patients might be useful in maximising this reduction.
Subsurface behavior of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) interacting with fish trawl nets in northwestern Australia: Implications for bycatch mitigation
Authors: Jaiteh Vanessa F. , Allen Simon J. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Loneragan Neil R. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMost studies of delphinid‐trawler interactions have documented the surface behavior of dolphins feeding on discarded bycatch, but not their subsurface behavior around demersal trawl gear. Using video cameras mounted inside trawl nets, we recorded the subsurface behavior of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a demersal fish trawl fishery in northwestern Australia. Footage from 36 trawls across the fishery was analyzed to determine the extent of dolphin‐gear interactions and the behavior of dolphins inside the nets. Interaction rates were high, with dolphins present inside and outside the nets during 29 and 34 trawls, respectively, and for up to 99% of the trawl duration. The proportion of foraging behaviors exhibited inside the nets was higher than the proportions of traveling and socializing behaviors. Twenty‐nine individuals were identified inside the net, seven of which returned repeatedly within and between trawls and fishing trips, but were observed primarily in the same localized areas in which they were first recorded. Our results suggest that entering trawl nets may be a frequently occurring, yet specialized behavior exhibited by a small subset of trawler‐associated dolphins. We propose that gear modifications, not spatial or temporal adjustments to fishing effort, have the greatest potential to reduce dolphin bycatch.
Rethinking Venture Capital in Economic Geographical Research
Authors: Wray Felicity 
Published: October 2012

AbstractVenture capital is a specialised form of commercial finance and is widely accepted as a key driver of entrepreneurship and economic development in advanced economies. While parts of economic geography have undergone a series of (albeit contested) turns, geographies of money and finance as a sub‐discipline continues to swell. The venture capital industry has occupied a relatively off‐stage location in both of these developments reflecting the sporadic engagement by economic geographers with this particular intersection of the financial system. Drawing on aspects of new economic geography and cultural economy approaches to money and finance, plus relational and practice‐orientated approaches, this paper proposes alternative ways of researching the venture capital industry while complementing, but also addressing, some of the limitations associated with more traditional accounts of the industry in previous economic geographical research.
Comparison of Quercetin Pharmacokinetics Following Oral Supplementation in Humans
Authors: Kaushik Diksha , O’Fallon Kevin , Clarkson Priscilla M. , Patrick Dunne C. , Conca Karen R. , Michniak‐Kohn Bozena 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:  The objective of the study was to investigate the absorption of quercetin aglycone in 18 healthy human subjects administered via the following oral carrier systems: suspension of quercetin (quercetin QU995 powder in Tang® and spring water), nutritional bars (First Strike™), and chews (RealFX™ Q‐Plus™). Subjects were divided into 3 groups of 6 individuals each receiving 500 mg quercetin in one of the aforementioned formulations. Blood levels were monitored immediately pre‐ and for 32 h postadministration. The concentration of total quercetin in blood samples was determined by solid phase extraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental modeling using Kinetica software. The Cmax of quercetin was highest with RealFX™ Q‐Plus™ Chews (1051.9 ± 393.1 μg/L) achieved within 3.3 h as compared to that for First Strike™ Bars (698.1 ± 189.5 μg/L in 2.3 h) and Tang® suspension (354.4 ± 87.6 μg/L in 4.7 h). The results showed no statistically significant difference in quercetin absorption among groups due to high variability within groups receiving quercetin from same dosage form. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of quercetin absorption from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation.Practical Application:  The current study describes for the first time, comprehensive evaluation of quercetin PK in humans from quercetin fortified oral food products at doses commonly used for quercetin supplementation. Owing to quercetin's potent antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions, quercetin is widely being used as a nutritional supplement. In order to maximize the bioavailability of quercetin for its use in efficacy studies, it is important to determine its ideal oral carrier system and route for its delivery. The current research unveils vital information about quercetin supplementation to the international community, especially to soldiers, athletes, and the dietary supplement industry.
Towards a Sociology of Disclosure: The Case of Surgical Performance
Authors: Gabe Jonathan , Exworthy Mark , Jones Ian Rees , Smith Glenn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite the increasingly widespread emphasis on the need for transparency in health‐care and elsewhere, there is limited evidence regarding the consequences of disclosing medical performance data. The evidence is disparate and has not been synthesised in a coherent way. This paper focuses on surgical performance, whose measurement is generally often seen as straight forward. It begins by outlining the context for understanding the publication of such data and then presents an analytical framework as a vehicle for conceptualising the nature of disclosure in surgery and health‐care more generally. The framework addresses key dimensions concerning one surgical specialty (cardiac surgery) and its relationship with a range of stakeholders in an English context. In particular, we examine the interaction between surgeons and between surgeons, patients, managers and policy‐makers. These relationships are framed in terms of choice and calculativeness, strategies and tactics, and trust, and need to be understood at micro, meso and macro levels. We conclude by considering how this framework provides a research agenda for a sociology of disclosure.
Understanding Relations between People and their Pets
Authors: Blouin David D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAs evidenced by the popularity of animal behavior shows and books, online viral pet videos, and the presence of dogs or cats in two‐thirds of American homes, pets clearly play an important role in many Americans’ lives. At the same time, however, millions of pets are abandoned, abused, and euthanized every year. What should we make of these seemingly conflicting realities? How do Americans really feel about and treat their pets? And what explains the differences? In recent years social scientists have begun to investigate the various and changing interactions between humans and animals. In particular, a growing body of research examines humans’ relationships with pets, most often dogs and cats. This paper reviews recent research in this field. After discussing what differentiates pets from other animals, the paper begins with a review of research investigating the meanings and roles of pets in people’s lives and the nature and benefits of human‐pet attachments. Secondly, it reviews research on the factors that help explain why some people have a higher regard for pets than others. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the limitations of existing research and some suggestions on how to expand future investigations.
Exploring African American Masculinities: An Integrative Model
Authors: Nickleberry Lynette D. , Coleman Marilyn 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo date, African American masculinity has been explored from several perspectives and across many disciplines. Much of the work on Black masculinity derives from scholarly fields and paradigmatic approaches that are seldom in conversation with one another. This review explores the applications and critiques of deficit, Afrocentric, gender/sex role, and identity paradigms commonly applied to discourses on African American manhood across various disciplines. Additionally, this paper concludes with a call for paradigmatic triangulation in Black gender scholarship towards creating a comprehensive notion of African American masculinity.
Radio Studies: The Sound and Vision of an Established Medium in the Digital Age
Authors: Starkey Guy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractRadio has been variously described as the ‘forgotten’, ‘invisible’, ‘secondary’, ‘blind’ and even ‘Cinderella’ medium, and it has been relatively under‐theorised in media studies since the subject first appeared in the classroom in the 1930s. Media educators may have been slow to realise its potential, and radio’s survival may have been threatened by the emergence of new media, but thisestablished, rather than old medium has reinvented itself before now and is doing so again in the age of media convergence. Digital migration may be slow because the benefits of new technology over the existing analogue transmission platforms may not be apparent to consumers, but now radio provides given pictures online and on mobile platforms through parallel broadcaster and user‐generated web content. Teaching radio studies can be both enjoyable and cost‐effective, with both academic and vocational outcomes, and radio’s place in media education seems assured by its longevity and durability. This article explores essential synergies between the development of radio as an industry that is now situated in a convergent, digital landscape, the state of the art of academic radio studies, and the practice of radio within media education.
Improving residents’ oral health through staff education in nursing homes
Authors: Le Phu , Dempster Laura , Limeback Hardy , Locker David 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis study assessed the efficacy of oral care education among nursing home staff members to improve the oral health of residents. Nursing home support staff members (NHSSMs) in the study group received oral care education at baseline between a pretest and posttest. NHSSMs’ oral care knowledge was measured using a 20‐item knowledge test at baseline, posteducation, and at a 6‐month follow‐up. Residents’ oral health was assessed at baseline and again at a 6‐month follow‐up using the Modified Plaque Index (PI) and Modified Gingival Index (GI). Among staff members who received the oral care education (n = 32), posttest knowledge statistically significantly increased from the pretest level (p < .05). Thirty‐nine control residents of the nursing homes and 41 study residents participated. Among residents in the study group, PI decreased at 6 months compared to baseline (p < .05), but there was no statistically significant difference in their GI measurements between baseline and 6‐month follow‐up (p= .07).
Prevalence of oral health problems in U.S. adults, NHANES 1999–2004: exploring differences by age, education, and race/ethnicity
Authors: Kim Jung Ki , Baker Lindsey A. , Seirawan Hazem , Crimmins Eileen M. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTUsing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1999–2004, the authors examined age patterns in oral health indicators by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status related to edentulism, presence of root caries, and periodontal disease. Our analysis included subjects who were non‐Hispanic White, Mexican American, and African American over the age of 20, and who participated in the NHANES oral health examination. African Americans experienced more oral health problems at younger ages; as age increased, so did racial disparities in oral health problems. Lower educational attainment was strongly associated with more oral health problems at all ages.These results may indicate a faster progression of oral health problems with age among African Americans, thus suggesting that the “earlier aging” of members of racial/ethnic minorities which has been reported in prior research may also be found in oral health.
An innovative approach to cessation of thumb‐sucking in a child with epilepsy: a case report
Authors: Chhabra Nidhi , Chhabra Anuj , Bansal Samriti 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe thumb‐sucking habit is acquired in infancy, but if it persists beyond preschool age, it can have deleterious effects on facial growth, oral function, occlusal relationship, and aesthetics, leading to dental and skeletal deformities. This paper presents a clinical case history of using nonpunitive reminder therapy to intercept the thumb‐sucking habits of an 8‐year‐old child with epilepsy. A modified Bluegrass appliance was used along with the positive reinforcement. The modified Bluegrass appliance utilized an acrylic roller and was very comfortable for the patient; it was also successful in eliminating the habit within a short period of time.
Usefulness of the novel evolutional anvil grasper for laparoendoscopic surgery for intracorporeal circular stapled anastomosis during laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Authors: Nakase Yuen , Takagi Tsuyoshi , Fukumoto Kanehisa , Miyagaki Takuya 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTraditional anvil graspers cannot delicately handle the anvil head as a result of their unique jaw shape that enhances grip force, and they are not suitable for confined pelvic space. With a manufacturing company, we developed a novel anvil grasper, the evolutional anvil grasper for laparoendoscopic surgery (EAGLE), to ensure more precise and safer anastomosis procedures. The EAGLE has curved blades that create a 6‐mm grasping surface that is the same diameter as the anvil stem and is covered with tungsten carbide tips. When using the EAGLE, a surgeon grasps the anvil stem slightly and easily, handles the anvil head and proximal colon, and smoothly sets the anvil to the center rod of the circular stapler. A surgeon can also securely grasp the stem of the anvil, push it into the center rod of the circular stapler and then perform a sequence of actions in anastomosis procedures smoothly and safely.
A case of simultaneous transvaginal NOTES gastrectomy and vaginal hysterectomy in a patient with gastric submucosal tumor and uterine prolapse
Authors: Hirota Masashi , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Hara Johji , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Yamasaki Makoto , Tsutsui Tateki , Kobayashi Eiji , Kurokawa Yukinori , Miyata Hiroshi , Takiguchi Shuji , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 5‐cm gastric submucosal tumor was incidentally found through abdominal CT as a preoperative work‐up for hysterectomy in a 62‐year‐old woman with uterine prolapse. NOTES using a flexible gastrointestinal endoscope via the transvaginal route was indicated to accomplish concomitant partial gastrectomy and hysterectomy. Perigastric dissection was performed, followed by stapled partial gastrectomy using transvaginal NOTES technique with two transabdominal ports. The specimen was delivered transvaginally by enlarging the initial vaginal entry site. Vaginal hysterectomy was then accomplished by utilizing the enlarged vaginal wound. The patient showed rapid and uneventful postoperative recovery without any narcotic need. No complication was noted, her cosmetic result was satisfactory, and there was complete resolution of preoperative gynecological symptoms. Female patients with concomitant gastrointestinal and gynecological conditions requiring large specimen retrieval would potentially be suitable candidates for the transvaginal NOTES approach.
Distinctive tumour of the tongue in 3 horses
Authors: Valentine B. A. , Bildfell R. J. , Dunn A. J. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryTumours arising from the dorsal surface of the tongue occurred in 3 horses from 14 to 23 years of age. Tumours were surgically excised at a referral hospital (1 case) and on the farm (2 cases) and submitted for histopathology. All tumours were multilobular and composed of vaguely nested, bland, oval to slightly elongated cells with an infiltrative growth pattern. Mitotic activity was not detected. Immunohistochemical studies found that tumour cells were often positive forS‐100 and cytokeratin and occasionally positive for vimentin. Tumour cells were negative for glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron specific enolase, synaptophysin, muscle actin and chromogranin A. Follow‐up obtained from 7 months to 2 years following tumour removal indicated no evidence of regrowth or metastasis. The origin of these distinctive tumours is not clear but the immunohistochemical profile suggests the possibility of origin from lingual taste buds. These cases and review of the literature indicate that successful surgical excision of tongue tumours can be performed by practitioners in private practice as well as by surgeons at referral hospitals.