bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charakteristische Bodenkennwerte der Torfe und Mudden Mecklenburg‐Vorpommerns zur Berechnung von Primärsetzungen
Authors: Koepke Christian , Saathoff Fokke 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDie Festlegung charakteristischer Bodenkennwerte organischer Böden ist nach wie vor mit großen Unsicherheiten behaftet, da dabei u. a. auch der erhebliche Einfluss des veränderlichen äußeren Spannungszustandes berücksichtigt werden muss. Auf Grundlage durchgeführter eindimensionaler Kompressionsversuche und Durchströmungsversuche an Torfen und Mudden Mecklenburg‐Vorpommerns wurden daher Korrelationen der für analytische Berechnungen notwendigen Bodenkennwerte zu den relativ einfach zu bestimmenden Bezugsparametern Wassergehalt und Porenzahl ermittelt. Dabei fand die spannungsabhängige Formulierung des Steifemoduls nach OHDE Berücksichtigung. Für die Ermittlung des spannungsabhängigen Wasserdurchlässigkeitsbeiwerts wurde durch die Verfasser ein analoger Ansatz formuliert. Die ermittelten Korrelationen wurden mit vorliegenden Literaturangaben verglichen und anhand baubegleitend durchgeführter Messungen validiert. Zum jetzigen Kenntnisstand können die Korrelationen als plausibel und für bautechnische Zwecke hinreichend genau eingestuft werden. Eine Anwendung und Überprüfung der Ergebnisse im Rahmen künftiger Bauvorhaben wäre aus Sicht der Verfasser wünschenswert.Characteristic soil parameters of peat and mud of Mecklenburg‐Western Pomerania for the calculation of primary settlements. The specification of characteristic soil parameters for organic soils is still tainted with uncertainties because among other things the influence of the changing stress level of the surrounding soil has to be taken into account. Therefore one‐dimensional compression tests and flow tests were carried out for the peats and muds of Mecklenburg‐Western Pomerania. Based on the test results correlations for the characteristic soil parameters for the calculation of primary settlements were formulated that refer to the water content and the void ratio. In regard of the stress‐dependency of the oedometric modulus the formulation of OHDE was used. For the coefficient of water permeability a similar formulation was determined by the authors. The correlations were compared to literature and validated by field measurements. According to the current state of knowledge the correlations can be considered plausible and accurate for geotechnical design. The results should be used and revised within upcoming projects.
The stability of a tunnel face with a free span and a non‐uniform support
Authors: Anagnostou Georgios , Perazzelli Paolo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe investigate the effects of the support pressure distribution and of the free unsupported span on the stability of the tunnel face by means of limit equilibrium computations, which are based upon the so‐called method of slices. Design equations and diagrams are introduced for the estimation of the necessary support pressure taking into account these effects assuming a linear pressure distribution. Furthermore, the errors introduced by the common assumption of support pressure uniformity are discussed for the typical distributions of face support pressure in tunnelling by slurry shields, EPB shields and compressed air shields. The error is less than 10% in the case of closed‐shield tunnelling but may be significant in the case of face reinforcement.Der Einfluss der Stützdruckverteilung und der freien Spannweite auf die Stabilität der Tunnelortsbrust. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird untersucht, in welchem Maß sich der erforderliche Stützdruck im Vorhandensein einer freien Spannweite zwischen Ausbruchsicherung und Ortsbrust erhöht. Ferner wird der Effekt der Verteilung des Stützdrucks unter der Annahme eines linearen Verlaufs quantifiziert. Das zugrunde liegende Berechnungsmodell untersucht das Grenzgleichgewicht eines Bruchmechanismus nach der sogenannten Lamellenmethode. Die Berechnungsergebnisse werden in Form von Bemessungsformeln und Diagrammen dargestellt. Ferner wird der Fehler der gängigen vereinfachenden Annahme eines gleichmäßig verteilten Stützdrucks für typische Problemstellungen diskutiert. Der Fehler beträgt weniger als 10% im Fall von geschlossenen Schildvortrieben (Erddruck‐, Flüssigkeits‐ oder Druckluftstützung), kann aber im Fall einer Ortsbrustbewehrung sehr groß und auf der unsicheren Seite sein.
Satellite observations of desert dust‐induced Himalayan snow darkening
Authors: Gautam Ritesh , Hsu N. Christina , Lau William K.‐M. , Yasunari Teppei J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe optically thick aerosol layer along the southern edge of the Himalaya has been subject of several recent investigations relating to its radiative impacts on the South Asian summer monsoon and regional climate forcing. Prior to the onset of summer monsoon, mineral dust from southwest Asian deserts is transported over the Himalayan foothills on an annual basis. Episodic dust plumes are also advected over the Himalaya, visible as dust‐laden snow surface in satellite imagery, particularly in western Himalaya. We examined spectral surface reflectance retrieved from spaceborne MODIS observations that show characteristic reduction in the visible wavelengths (0.47 µm) over western Himalaya, associated with dust‐induced solar absorption. Case studies as well as seasonal variations of reflectance indicate a significant gradient across the visible (0.47 µm) to near‐infrared (0.86 µm) spectrum (VIS‐NIR), during premonsoon period. Enhanced absorption at shorter visible wavelengths and the resulting VIS‐NIR gradient is consistent with model calculations of snow reflectance with dust impurity. While the role of black carbon in snow cannot be ruled out, our satellite‐based analysis suggests the observed spectral reflectance gradient dominated by dust‐induced solar absorption during premonsoon season. From an observational viewpoint, this study underscores the importance of mineral dust deposition toward darkening of the western Himalayan snow cover, with potential implications to accelerated seasonal snowmelt and regional snow albedo feedbacks.
Single‐Base Resolution Sequence‐Directed Nucleosome Mapping
Authors: Trifonov Edward N. , Hapala Jan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFrequently used nucleosome mapping techniques, both experimental and computational ones, pursue a rather simple task – to determine whether a given sequence segment is likely to belong to a nucleosome, thus measuring the nucleosome occupancy along the sequence. A more ambitious task is to determine the position with high resolution, so that not only the approximate translational position of the nucleosome on DNA would be known, but also the rotational setting of the DNA. The rotational setting is important to know since the binding of various transcription factors to the nucleosome DNA crucially depends on the accessibility of the respective recognition sequences. The only experimental technique that provides the highest possible accuracy of the positioning is crystallization of the nucleosomes reconstituted on specific sequences, with subsequent solving of their structures from x‐ray diffraction data. Two computational approaches to the accurate positioning of nucleosomes, based on energy calculations and on sequence patterndirected mapping, are currently in different stages of progress.
Close Reading: A Cautionary Interpretation
Authors: Hinchman Kathleen A. , Moore David W. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractImplementation of Common Core State Standards in English Language Arts across most of the United States has yielded the rapid creation of new, interconnected literacy assessments, curriculum guidelines, instructional materials, teacher preparation programs, teacher evaluation systems, and professional development. This essay explores two researchers' concerns about instructional recommendations for teaching students how to engage in close reading, a key construct underlying these Standards.Meant to encourage and inform educators' exercise of professional judgment in planning instruction, the essay summarizes explicit and implied shifts in literacy instruction that are suggested by the new standards, examines various competing interpretations of close reading and close reading instruction, and offers research‐based instructional recommendations to enable youth to complete close reading tasks effectively, rather than distancing them further from the literacies needed to fulfill their lives.
Challenges and Opportunities for Language Learning in the Context of the CCSS and the NGSS
Authors: Hakuta Kenji , Santos María , Fang Zhihui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this column, Kenji Hakuta and Mario Santos described the challenges and opportunities the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Standards present for language development in the context of English language arts/literacy, mathematics, and science. They heightened educators' awareness of the critical role language plays in literacy, learning, and assessment, suggesting that a focus on language is especially important for English Language Learners in their development of content area literacies.
In the Middle of Something: Reflections on Multimodal Inquiry as Artful Bricolage
Authors: Vasudevan Lalitha , Reilly Mary Ann 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article presents a conversation about the nature of multimodal inquiry and composing between Lalitha Vasudevan and Mary Ann Reilly. The authors draw on their Twitter exchanges, blog posts, art, photography, and reflections as they consider what literacy education is and can be in a world that offers multiple means of expression. The theoretical constructs of bricolage and rhizomatics inform how they think about their inquiry as well as how they present their ideas. The authors problematize literacy and arts education as it has been conceived and offer glimpses into what might be.
Set in Stone or Set in Motion?: Multimodal and Digital Writing With Preservice English Teachers
Authors: Hundley Melanie , Holbrook Teri 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examines the literacy practices of pre‐service English teachers engaged in multimodal and digital composing in a writing methods course designed to support both print‐based and digital and/or multimodal composition practices. By examining the struggles and resistances of pre‐service English teachers as they adapted print‐based writing processes to multimodal or digital compositions, the researchers hope to identify strategies, practices, and approaches that will help pre‐service teachers develop new writing pedagogies.
Photoacoustically‐guided photothermal killing of mosquitoes targeted by nanoparticles
Authors: Foster Stephen R. , Galanzha Ekaterina I. , Totten Daniel C. , Beneš Helen , Shmookler Reis Robert J. , Zharov Vladimir P. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn biomedical applications, nanoparticles have demonstrated the potential to eradicate abnormal cells in small localized pathological zones associated with cancer or infections. Here, we introduce a method for nanotechnology‐based photothermal (PT) killing of whole organisms considered harmful to humans or the environment. We demonstrate that laser‐induced thermal, and accompanying nano‐ and microbubble phenomena, can injure or kill C. elegans and mosquitoes fed carbon nanotubes, gold nanospheres, gold nanoshells, or magnetic nanoparticles at laser energies that are safe for humans. In addition, a photoacoustic (PA) effect was used to control nanoparticle delivery. Through the integration of this technique with molecular targeting, nanoparticle clustering, magnetic capturing and spectral sharpening of PA and PT plasmonic resonances, our laser‐based PA‐PT nano‐theranostic platform can be applied to detection and the physical destruction of small organisms and carriers of pathogens, such as malaria vectors, spiders, bed bugs, fleas, ants, locusts, grasshoppers, phytophagous mites, or other arthropod pests, irrespective of their resistance to conventional treatments. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Which density functional is close to CCSD accuracy to describe geometry and interaction energy of small noncovalent dimers? A benchmark study using Gaussian09
Authors: Remya Karunakaran , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA benchmark study on all possible density functional theory (DFT) methods in Gaussian09 is done to locate functionals that agree well with CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVTZ geometry and Ave‐CCSD(T)/(Q‐T) interaction energy (Eint) for small non‐covalently interacting molecular dimers in “dispersion‐dominated” (class 1), “dipole‐induced dipole” (class 2), and “dipole‐dipole” (class 3) classes. A DFT method is recommended acceptable if the geometry showed close agreement to CCSD result (RMSD < 0.045) and Eint was within 80–120% accuracy. Among 382 tested functionals, 1–46% gave good geometry, 13–44% gave good Eint, while 1–33% satisfied geometry and energy criteria. Further screening to locate the best performing functionals for all the three classes was made by counting the acceptable values of energy and geometry given by each functionals. The meta‐generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional M06L was the best performer with total 14 hits; seven acceptable energies and seven acceptable geometries. This was the only functional “recommended” for at least two dimers in each class. The functionals M05, B2PLYPD, B971, mPW2PLYPD, PBEB95, and CAM‐B3LYP gave 11 hits while PBEhB95, PW91B95, Wb97x, BRxVP86, BRxP86, HSE2PBE, HSEh1PBE, PBE1PBE, PBEh1PBE, and PW91TPSS gave 10 hits. Among these, M05, B971, mPW2PLYPD, Wb97x, and PW91TPSS were among the “recommended” list of at least one dimer from each class. Long‐range correction (LC) of Hirao and coworkers to exchange‐correlation functionals showed massive improvement in geometry and Eint. The best performing LC‐functionals were LC‐G96KCIS and LC‐PKZBPKZB. Our results predict that M06L is the most trustworthy DFT method in Gaussian09 to study small non‐covalently interacting systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for next generation ethanol production
Authors: den Haan Riaan , Kroukamp Heinrich , Mert Marlin , Bloom Marinda , Görgens Johann F. , van Zyl Willem H. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractConversion of cellulose, hemicellulose or starch to ethanol via a biological route requires enzymatic conversion of these substrates to monosaccharides that can be assimilated by a fermenting organism. Consolidation of these events in a single processing step via a cellulolytic or amylolytic microorganism(s) is a promising approach to low‐cost production of fuels and chemicals. One strategy for developing a microorganism capable of such consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) involves engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae to expresses a heterologous enzyme system enabling (hemi)cellulose or starch utilization. The fundamental principle behind consolidated bioprocessing as a microbial phenomenon has been established through the successful expression of the major (hemi)cellulolytic and amylolytic activities in S. cerevisiae. Various strains of S. cerevisiae were subsequently enabled to grow on cellobiose, amorphous and crystalline cellulose, xylan and various forms of starch through the combined expression of these activities. Furthermore, host cell engineering and adaptive evolution have yielded strains with higher levels of secreted enzymes and greater resistance to fermentation inhibitors. These breakthroughs bring the application of CBP at commercial scale ever closer. This mini‐review discusses the current status of different aspects related to the engineering of S. cerevisiae for next generation ethanol production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
MetFusion: integration of compound identification strategies
Authors: Gerlich Michael , Neumann Steffen 
Published: March 2013

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an important analytical technique for the detection and identification of small compounds. The main bottleneck in the interpretation of metabolite profiling or screening experiments is the identification of unknown compounds from tandem mass spectra.Spectral libraries for tandem MS, such as MassBank or NIST, contain reference spectra for many compounds, but their limited chemical coverage reduces the chance for a correct and reliable identification of unknown spectra outside the database domain.On the other hand, compound databases like PubChem or ChemSpider have a much larger coverage of the chemical space, but they cannot be queried with spectral information directly. Recently, computational mass spectrometry methods and in silico fragmentation prediction allow users to search such databases of chemical structures.We present a new strategy called MetFusion to combine identification results from several resources, in particular, from the in silico fragmenter MetFrag with the spectral library MassBank to improve compound identification. We evaluate the performance on a set of 1062 spectra and achieve an improved ranking of the correct compound from rank 28 using MetFrag alone, to rank 7 with MetFusion, even if the correct compound and similar compounds are absent from the spectral library. On the basis of the evaluation, we extrapolate the performance of MetFusion to the KEGG compound database. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐fibrosis effect of BMP‐7 peptide functionalization on cobalt chromium alloy
Authors: Tan Hark Chuan , Poh Chye Khoon , Cai Yanli , Wang Wilson 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOrthopedic metallic prosthetic implants are commonly made of cobalt chromium (CoCr) alloys. However, such metal‐based implants are susceptible to fibrous capsule formation on the implant surface after implantation. At the bone‐implant interface, this capsule can prevent implant integration, resulting in loosening and failure. Minimizing the development of such a capsule on the CoCr surface would improve direct bone‐implant bonding leading to long‐term implant functionality. We evaluated the anti‐fibrosis effect of bone morphogenic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) peptide covalently bonded to CoCr alloy. This peptide, a biomimetic derivation of the knuckle epitope of BMP‐7, was conjugated at the N‐terminus with a cysteine amino acid. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and probe binding assay were used to evaluate different stages of grafting and surface functionalization using polydopamine coating. Cellular functions were studied using fibroblast attachment, cell proliferation, and MTT assays. Fibroblasts were grown on functionalized and pristine CoCr substrates, and the efficacy of BMP‐7 peptide on anti‐fibrosis was analyzed via gene expression and protein expression of fibrosis markers ACTA2, Collagen 1A1, and fibronectin. The peptide functionalized substrates showed significant reduction of fibrosis markers expression after 1 week of incubation compared to controls. BMP‐7 signaling pathway activation was shown by the presence of phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8. These findings may contribute to the improvement of CoCr implants in orthopedic surgery applications. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 983–990, 2013
A new flow cytometry method enabling rapid purification of fossil pollen from terrestrial sediments for AMS radiocarbon dating
Authors: TENNANT RICHARD K. , JONES RICHARD T. , BROCK FIONA , COOK CHARLOTTE , TURNEY CHRIS S. M. , LOVE JOHN , LEE ROB 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRadiocarbon (14C) accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating has played a significant role towards improving our understanding of the timing of events and rates of change in archaeological and environmental records over the last 50 000 years. Although it is not always possible to find suitable macrofossils for 14C dating, microfossils, notably plant pollen, are a viable alternative. Obtaining preserved pollen samples of known provenance and of sufficient quantity for dating by 14C AMS is, however, challenging because of time‐consuming methods of extraction and purification and possible contamination from other organic material. Here we report a new, rapid and straightforward method using flow cytometry (FCM) to distinguish, sort and collect sufficient quantities of fossil pollen with minimal contamination from lake sediments for radiocarbon dating. Using this approach, we demonstrate 14C AMS ages that date back to at least 40 ka BP. While future work may be required to refine purification methodologies for different sample types and to precisely quantify the dating limit of this approach, FCM dating of microfossils shows considerable promise in generating robust geochronological frameworks for sequences that have previously proved problematic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic resonance imaging: A biomarker for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Duncan Gordon W. , Firbank Michael J. , O'Brien John T. , Burn David J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTDementia is a frequent and disabling complication of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clinicians and researchers lack a biomarker capable of tracking the structural and functional changes that underlie the evolution of cognitive dysfunction in PD. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been adopted as a biomarker in natural history and interventional studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but its utility as a biomarker for PD and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) is unclear. In this review, the authors summarize the studies that have used MRI to investigate cognitive decline in PD, outline limitations of those studies, and suggest directions for future research. PD dementia is associated with extensive cortical atrophy, which may be quantified with structural MRI. More promisingly, patterns of atrophy may be present in those who have PD with MCI (PD‐MCI). Subcortical white matter tract degeneration is detectable early in the disease with diffusion tensor imaging and may precede changes observed on conventional structural MRI. Although less well studied, other MR techniques, such as functional MRI, MR perfusion imaging with arterial spin labeling, and MR spectroscopy, have demonstrated differences in activation and metabolism between PD and PDD. In this review, the ability to compare studies was limited by the heterogeneity of study populations, cognitive testing methods, and imaging protocols. Future work should adopt agreed scan protocols, should be adequately powered, and should use carefully phenotyped patients to fully maximize the contribution of MRI as a biomarker for PDD. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Short latency afferent inhibition: A biomarker for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Yarnall Alison J. , Rochester Lynn , Baker Mark R. , David Rachel , Khoo Tien K. , Duncan Gordan W. , Galna Brook , Burn David J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundMild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) is common and predicts those at risk of dementia. Cholinergic dysfunction may contribute to its pathophysiology and can be assessed using short latency afferent inhibition.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with PD (11 cognitively normal; 11 with mild cognitive impairment) and 22 controls participated. Short latency afferent inhibition was measured by conditioning motor evoked potentials, which were elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex with electrical stimuli delivered to the contralateral median nerve at varying interstimulus intervals.ResultsThere was no significant difference between cognitively normal PD and controls for short latency afferent inhibition (62.8±30.3% vs. 55.7±21.7%; P=0.447). The PD‐mild cognitive impairment group had significantly less inhibition (88.4±25.8%) than both cognitively normal PD (P=0.021) and controls (P=0.01).ConclusionsCholinergic dysfunction occurs early in those with PD‐mild cognitive impairment. Short latency afferent inhibition may be a useful biomarker of increased risk of dementia in PD patients. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society