bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal, movements and site fidelity of post‐fledging King EidersSomateria spectabilisand their attendant females
Authors: Bentzen Rebecca L. , Powell Abby N. 
Published: November 2014

Post‐fledging dispersal and site fidelity are poorly understood, particularly for sea ducks that spend the majority of their annual cycle at sea. This is the first description of movements and their timing for first‐year (juvenile) and second‐year (subadult) King EidersSomateria spectabilisin relation to their attendant females. We fitted satellite transmitters that operated for 2 years to 63 hatch‐year birds and 17 attendant females at breeding areas in northern Alaska in 2006–2009. Our goals were to describe the spatio‐temporal distribution of pre‐breeding individuals and adult females that had been successful breeders. We also examined fidelity to wing moulting and wintering areas as well as natal philopatry. Juveniles did not appear to follow attendant adults, although they did winter in the same three general wintering areas, suggesting that genetic inheritance and social factors may have roles in the initial migration from the breeding area. Additionally, juveniles were more variable in the timing and duration of migration, moved longer distances during the winter, and were less faithful to moulting and wintering areas than adults, indicating that individual exploration and acquired navigational memory played a role in subsequent migrations. Most (75%) subadult females returned to natal areas, probably prospecting for future nesting sites, whereas subadult males were widely dispersed at sea. Timing and duration of moult migration and wing moult of adult females that were presumed to be successful breeders differed from those of unsuccessful breeders due to the extended time that the former spent on the breeding grounds. Temporal and spatial segregation of post‐fledging King Eiders from adults has direct management implications in terms of resource development and population dynamics.
Filling a critical practice gap: experience with a dermatology day treatment center at Mayo Clinic
Authors: Storan Eoin R. , McEvoy Marian T. , Wetter David A. , el‐Azhary Rokea A. , Bridges Alina G. , Camilleri Michael J. , Davis Mark D. P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIntensive treatment options are lacking for patients with severe skin disease recalcitrant to outpatient therapy. The availability of inpatient dermatology care has almost disappeared in many parts of the United States. One possible solution for this is a day treatment center for patients with severe dermatologic disease recalcitrant to outpatient therapy.MethodsDescriptive study based on retrospective medical record review of all patients attending the day hospital for treatment in 2010. We collected data on patient demographics, distribution of admission diagnosis, treatments used, and length of stay.ResultsA total of 211 patients had 235 admissions. Mean age was 57.7 years (range 3.8–92.1 years). The most common indications for admission were dermatitis (139 admissions [59.2%]), psoriasis (58 [24.7%]), and mycosis fungoides (eight [3.4%]). The main treatment interventions were wet dressings (195 admissions [83.0%]) and Goeckerman treatment (38 [16.2%]). The median number of days of treatment was three (interquartile range, 2–5 days) for wet dressings and 22 days (interquartile range, 21–24 days) for Goeckerman therapy.ConclusionsThe dermatology day treatment center provided intensive skin‐directed therapy and filled a critical practice gap in the management of our patients with severe widespread skin diseases recalcitrant to outpatient therapy. We propose that the dermatology day treatment center is a valuable model that could be considered by both private practitioners and academic centers in the United States as an important adjunct to fill the gap in availability of intensive topical treatments for patients with severe skin disease.
A Modeling System to Assess Land Cover Land Use Change Effects on SAV Habitat in the Mobile Bay Estuary
Authors: Estes Maurice G. , Al‐Hamdan Mohammad Z. , Ellis Jean T. , Judd Chaeli , Woodruff Dana , Thom Ronald M. , Quattrochi Dale , Watson Brian , Rodriguez Hugo , Johnson Hoyt , Herder Tom 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEstuarine ecosystems are largely influenced by watersheds directly connected to them. In the Mobile Bay, Alabama watersheds we examined the effect of land cover and land use (LCLU) changes on discharge rate, water properties, and submerged aquatic vegetation, including freshwater macrophytes and seagrasses, throughout the estuary. LCLU scenarios from 1948, 1992, 2001, and 2030 were used to influence watershed and hydrodynamic models and evaluate the impact of LCLU change on shallow aquatic ecosystems. Overall, our modeling results found that LCLU changes increased freshwater flows into Mobile Bay altering temperature, salinity, and total suspended sediments (TSS). Increased urban land uses coupled with decreased agricultural/pasture lands reduced TSS in the water column. However, increased urbanization or agricultural/pasture land coupled with decreased forest land resulted in higher TSS concentrations. Higher sediment loads were usually strongly correlated with higher TSS levels, except in areas where a large extent of wetlands retained sediment discharged during rainfall events. The modeling results indicated improved water clarity in the shallow aquatic regions of Mississippi Sound and degraded water clarity in the Wolf Bay estuary. This integrated modeling approach will provide new knowledge and tools for coastal resource managers to manage shallow aquatic habitats that provide critical ecosystem services.
Barley beta‐glucan promotes MnSOD expression and enhances angiogenesis under oxidative microenvironment
Authors: Agostini Silvia , Chiavacci Elena , Matteucci Marco , Torelli Michele , Pitto Letizia , Lionetti Vincenzo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractManganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a foremost antioxidant enzyme, plays a key role in angiogenesis. Barley‐derived (1.3) β‐d‐glucan (β‐d‐glucan) is a natural water‐soluble polysaccharide with antioxidant properties. To explore the effects of β‐d‐glucan on MnSOD‐related angiogenesis under oxidative stress, we tested epigenetic mechanisms underlying modulation of MnSOD level in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Long‐term treatment of HUVECs with 3% w/v β‐d‐glucan significantly increased the level of MnSOD by 200% ± 2% compared to control and by 50% ± 4% compared to untreated H2O2‐stressed cells. β‐d‐glucan‐treated HUVECs displayed greater angiogenic ability. In vivo, 24 hrs‐treatment with 3% w/v β‐d‐glucan rescued vasculogenesis in Tg (kdrl: EGFP) s843Tg zebrafish embryos exposed to oxidative microenvironment. HUVECs overexpressing MnSOD demonstrated an increased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduced load of superoxide anion (O2−) and an increased survival under oxidative stress. In addition, β‐d‐glucan prevented the rise of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1‐α under oxidative stress. The level of histone H4 acetylation was significantly increased by β‐d‐glucan. Increasing histone acetylation by sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs I), did not activate MnSOD‐related angiogenesis and did not impair β‐d‐glucan effects. In conclusion, 3% w/v β‐d‐glucan activates endothelial expression of MnSOD independent of histone acetylation level, thereby leading to adequate removal of O2−, cell survival and angiogenic response to oxidative stress. The identification of dietary β‐d‐glucan as activator of MnSOD‐related angiogenesis might lead to the development of nutritional approaches for the prevention of ischemic remodelling and heart failure.
Expression of key executioner of apoptosis caspase‐3 in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Pradeep Avani R. , Suke Deepak Kumar , Prasad M. V. Ramchandra , Singh Sonender Pal , Martande Santosh Somnath , Nagpal Kanika , Naik Savitha B. , Guruprasad C. N. , Raju Arjun P. , Singh Priyanka , Siddaya Math 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimA highly‐regulated form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, and its perturbation has been associated with periodontal disease. Caspase‐3 is one of the key executioners of apoptosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and correlate the levels of caspase‐3 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in participants with clinically‐healthy periodontium, gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis (CP).MethodsForty‐four sex‐ and age‐matched participants were enrolled into three groups based on clinical parameters. Group 1 participants had clinically‐healthy periodontium, group 2 participants had gingivitis, and group 3 participants had CP. GCF and serum samples were collected to evaluate the levels of caspase‐3.ResultsThe mean caspase‐3 concentration in GCF and serum was highest in group 3, followed by group 2, and was significantly correlated with gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL).ConclusionGCF and the serum concentration of caspase‐3 proportionally increases with the progression of periodontal disease, that is, gingival inflammation, PD, and CAL.
Anthropogenic Carbon Stock Dynamics of Pulp and Paper Products in Germany
Authors: Cote Mauricio , Poganietz Witold‐Roger , Schebek Liselotte 
Published: November 2014

SummaryCarbon‐based materials (CBMs) for energetic and material purposes combine biogenic and anthropogenic carbon cycles. In the latter, numerous manufactured products with various in‐use lifespans accumulate as anthropogenic carbon stocks. Understanding the behavior of these stocks is an important requirement to estimate not only future waste amounts, source for secondary raw materials, but also the impacts and effects in carbon emissions and carbon management. Previous models have estimated material stock changes; however, a lack of research in carbon stocks is perceived. Moreover, studies follow in‐use lifespan estimation approaches, such as decay functions, which do not coincide with observed consumption and waste treatment patterns. In the first part of this article, we present a carbon stock‐flow model to analyze inter‐relationships between carbon flows and stocks from raw materials to waste treatment processes considering a consumer perspective, where the dynamics of anthropogenic carbon stocks are completely described. In the second part, we study the pulp and paper industry in Germany under a scenario approach to analyze the behavior, development, and impacts of paper stocks and flows between 2010 and 2040. The model provided coherent results, with industrial data estimating 33.9 million metric tons in 2010 in paper stocks, equivalent to 410 kilograms per person. Consumption per capita and in‐use lifespan of products were identified as the most significant variables in carbon stock building. Model simulations show a sustained growth in stocks for the next 30 years, with increase in waste and carbon emissions. But in combination with recycling and reuse mechanisms and consumption patterns, environmental impacts are reduced.
The peroneocuboid joint: morphogenesis and anatomical study
Authors: Guimerá V. , Lafuente A. , Zambrana L. , Rodriguez‐Niedenführ M. , Sañudo J. R. , Vazquez T. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe peroneocuboid joint, between the peroneus longus tendon and the cuboid bone, has not been anatomically well‐defined and no embryological study has been published. Furthermore, the ossification of the os peroneum (a sesamoid inside the peroneus longus tendon) and its associated pathology has been considered to be generated by orthostatic and/or mechanical loads. A light microscopy analysis of serially sectioned human embryonic and fetal feet, the analysis of human adult feet by means of standard macroscopic dissection, X‐ray and histological techniques have been carried out. The peroneus longus tendon was fully visible until its insertion in the 1st metatarsal bone already at embryonic stage 23 (56–57 days). The peroneocuboid joint cavity appeared at the transition of the embryonic to the fetal period (8–9th week of gestation) and was independent of the proximal synovial sheath. The joint cavity extended from the level of the calcaneocuboid joint all the way to the insertion of the peroneus longus tendon in the 1st metatarsal bone. The frenular ligaments, fixing the peroneus longus tendon to the 5th metatarsal bone or the long calcaneocuboid ligament, developed in the embryonic period. The peroneus longus tendon presented a thickening in the area surrounding the cuboid bone as early as the fetal period. This thickening may be considered the precursor of the os peroneum and was similar in shape and in size relation to the tendon, to the os peroneum observed in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that the os peroneum, articular facets of the peroneus longus tendon and cuboid bone, the peroneocuboid joint and the frenular ligaments appear during the embryonic/fetal development period and therefore they can not be generated exclusively by orthostatic and mechanical forces or pathological processes.
Telbivudine is associated with improvement of renal function in patients transplanted for HBV liver disease
Authors: Cholongitas E. , Vasiliadis T. , Goulis I. , Fouzas I. , Antoniadis N. , Papanikolaou V. , Akriviadis E. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryRecent studies showed that telbivudine in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection improved their glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but data regarding its impact on renal function in liver transplant (LT) recipients are very limited. We evaluated 17 consecutive recipients who received at baseline nucleos(t)ide analogue(s) (NAs) other than telbivudine for 12 months, and then they were switched to telbivudine prophylaxis for another 12 months. In each patient, laboratory data including evaluation of GFR (using MDRD and CKD‐EPI) were prospectively recorded. The changes in GFR (ΔGFR) between baseline and after 12 months (1st period) and between telbivudine initiation and 24 months (2nd period) were evaluated. All patients remained serum HBsAg and HBV‐DNA negative. GFR‐MDRD at baseline, 12 months and 24 months were 72 ± 18, 67.8 ± 16 and 70.3 ± 12mL/min, respectively, (P = 0.025 for comparison between 12 months and 24 months). ΔGFR at the 1st period was significantly lower, compared with ΔGFR at the 2nd period [mean ΔGFR‐MDRD: −4.2 (range: −24–9) vs 2.5 (range: −7–22) mL/min, P = 0.013; mean ΔGFR‐CKD‐EPI: −4.2 (range: −19–10) vs 4.0 (range: −7–23) mL/min, P = 0.004], although the serum levels of calcineurin inhibitors were similar between the two periods. A second group of recipients (n = 17) who remained under the same nontelbivudine NA(s) for 24 months had a decline in the mean eGFR during the total follow‐up period. In conclusion, we showed that telbivudine administration in LT recipients for HBV cirrhosis was effective and it was associated with significant improvement in renal function, but this remains to be confirmed in larger well‐designed studies.
IV. THE COGNITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY AND NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Khan Naiman A. , Raine Lauren B. , Donovan Sharon M. , Hillman Charles H. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of childhood obesity in the United States has tripled since the 1980s and is strongly linked to the early onset of several metabolic diseases. Recent studies indicate that lower cognitive function may be another complication of childhood obesity. This review considers the research to date on the role of obesity and nutrition on childhood cognition and brain health. Although a handful of studies point to a maladaptive relationship between obesity and aspects of cognitive control, remarkably little is known regarding the impact of fat mass on brain development and cognitive function. Further, missing from the literature is the role of nutrition in the obesity‐cognition interaction. Nutrition may directly or indirectly influence cognitive performance via several pathways including provision of key substrates for optimal brain health, modulation of gut microbiota, and alterations in systemic energy balance. However, in the absence of malnutrition, the functional benefits of specific nutrient intake on particular cognitive domains are not well characterized. Here, we examine the literature linking childhood obesity and cognition while considering the effects of nutritional intake. Possible mechanisms for these relationships are discussed and suggestions are made for future study topics. Although childhood obesity prevalence rates in some developed countries have recently stabilized, significant disparities remain among groups based on sex and socioeconomic status. Given that the elevated prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity may persist for the foreseeable future, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive understanding of the influence of obesity and nutrition on cognition and brain health in the pediatric population.
Analysis of impact of geographic characteristics on suicide rate and visualization of result with Geographic Information System
Authors: Oka Mayumi , Kubota Takafumi , Tsubaki Hiroe , Yamauchi Keita 
Published: November 2014

AimThe aim of our study was to understand the geographic characteristics of Japanese communities and the impact of these characteristics on suicide rates.MethodsWe calculated the standardized mortality ratio from suicide statistics of 3318 municipalities from 1972 to 2002. Correlation analysis, multi‐regression analysis and generalized additive model were used to find the relation between topographic and climatic variables and suicide rate. We visualized the relation between geographic characteristics and suicide rate on the map of Wakayama Prefecture, using the Geographic Information System.ResultsOur study showed that the geographic characteristics of each community are related with its suicide rate. The strongest factor among the geographic characteristics to increase the suicide rate was the slope of the habitable land.ConclusionsIt is necessary to take the characteristics of each community into consideration when we work out measures of suicide prevention. Visualization of the findings on the local map should be helpful to promote understanding of problems and to share the information among various parties in charge of suicide prevention.
The Transformation of organic regulation: The ambiguous effects of publicization
Authors: Arcuri Alessandra 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe regulatory regime for organic products is different from other non‐state‐market driven (NSMD) regimes because it is the only one that evolved from a purely private into a regime where the establishment of minimum standards has become the monopoly of public powers. This article is the first to study the effects of the process of publicization, a term coined to characterize the transformation of private into public standards. The central hypothesis studied is that the process of publicization has empowerment and containment effects at the same time. To test the hypothesis the article analyses the effects of publicization on regulatory capabilities of private regulators as well as on the quality of the standards. The effects of publicization are further explored by comparing the legal and institutional architecture that shapes the coexistence of private and public regimes in the EU and the US, showing important differences between the two systems. The article offers a new perspective to look at the dynamic interaction between private and public regulation and its findings are of general relevance for the debate on the desirability of governmental intervention on private regulatory schemes.
Clinical features of 280 hospitalized patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis in Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Wakae , Yamauchi Yasuhiro , Yasunaga Hideo , Sunohara Mitsuhiro , Jo Taisuke , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Takami Kazutaka , Nagase Takahide 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is rare, but potentially life threatening owing to respiratory failure. However, knowledge is limited about the condition of hospitalized LAM patients. The objectives of this study were to investigate patient characteristics, comorbidities and causes of death among hospitalized LAM patients in Japan.MethodsUsing a national inpatient database in Japan, information on 280 LAM patients hospitalized between July 2010 and March 2013 was retrospectively collected. We divided the 280 patients into three groups according to their status regarding lung transplantation.ResultsFor the study period, we identified 32 patients who had undergone lung transplantation (‘after‐transplantation’ group), 12 patients admitted for lung transplantation (‘for‐transplantation’) and 236 patients who had not undergone transplantation (‘no‐transplantation’). Although the clinical features of LAM patients in the ‘no‐transplantation’ group were similar to previously reported findings, patients hospitalized in connection with transplantation showed the following: the activities of daily living score using the Barthel Index in the ‘after‐transplantation’ group (89.4) was significantly higher than in the ‘for‐transplantation’ group (64.6); the mortality rates in the after‐transplantation group (3.1%) were significantly lower than in the for‐transplantation group (25%). The most frequent comorbidity was pneumothorax, followed by respiratory failure and angiomyolipoma, although there was no significant difference in the prevalence among the three groups.ConclusionsWe determined the clinical features, comorbidities and fatalities in hospitalized LAM patients. Patients with LAM after transplantation had higher activities of daily living scores than those before transplantation, which suggests that lung transplantation may improve activities of daily living.
Socioeconomic Strain, Family Ties, and Adolescent Health in a Rural Northeastern County
Authors: Van Gundy Karen T. , Mills Meghan L. , Tucker Corinna Jenkins , Rebellon Cesar J. , Sharp Erin Hiley , Stracuzzi Nena F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn adolescence, vital sources of support come from family relationships; however, research that considers the health‐related impact of ties to both parents and siblings is sparse, and the utility of such ties among at‐risk teens is not well understood. Here we use two waves of panel data from the population of 8th and 12th grade students in a geographically isolated, rural, northeastern U.S. county to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) moderates the effects of parental and sibling attachments on three indicators of adolescent health: obesity, depression, and problem substance use. Our findings indicate that, net of stressful life events, prior health, and sociodemographic controls, increases in parental and sibling attachment correspond with reduced odds of obesity for low‐SES adolescents, reduced odds of depression for high‐SES adolescents, and reduced odds of problem substance use for low‐SES adolescents. Results suggest also that sibling and maternal ties are more influential than paternal ties, at least with regard to the outcomes considered. Overall, the findings highlight the value of strong family ties for the physical, psychological, and behavioral health of socioeconomically strained rural teens, and reveal the explanatory potential of both sibling and parental ties for adolescent health.