bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New biomarkers for stage determination in Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness patients
Authors: Tiberti Natalia , Matovu Enock , Hainard Alexandre , Enyaru John Charles , Lejon Veerle , Robin Xavier , Turck Natacha , Ngoyi Dieudonné Mumba , Krishna Sanjeev , Bisser Sylvie , Courtioux Bertrand , Büscher Philippe , Kristensson Krister , Ndung'u Joseph Mathu , Sanchez Jean‐Charles 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAccurate stage determination is crucial in the choice of treatment for patients suffering from sleeping sickness, also known as human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Current staging methods, based on the counting of white blood cells (WBC) and the detection of parasites in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have limited accuracy. We hypothesized that immune mediators reliable for staging T. b. gambiense HAT could also be used to stratify T. b. rhodesiense patients, the less common form of HAT.A population comprising 85 T. b. rhodesiense patients, 14 stage 1 (S1) and 71 stage 2 (S2) enrolled in Malawi and Uganda, was investigated. The CSF levels of IgM, MMP‐9, CXCL13, CXCL10, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, neopterin and B2MG were measured and their staging performances evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.IgM, MMP‐9 and CXCL13 were the most accurate markers for stage determination (partial AUC 88%, 86% and 85%, respectively). The combination in panels of three molecules comprising CXCL13‐CXCL10‐MMP‐9 or CXCL13‐CXCL10‐IgM significantly increased their staging ability to partial AUC 94% (p value < 0.01).The present study highlighted new potential markers for stage determination of T. b. rhodesiense patients. Further investigations are needed to better evaluate these molecules, alone or in panels, as alternatives to WBC to make reliable choice of treatment.
Design and characterization of diclofenac diethylamine transdermal patch using silicone and acrylic adhesives combination
Authors: Panchaxari Dandigi M , Pampana Sowjanya , Pal Tapas , Devabhaktuni Bhavana , Aravapalli Anil Kumar 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background and purpose of the study
The objective of the study was to develop and characterize Diclofenac Diethylamine (DDEA) transdermal patch using Silicone and acrylic adhesives combination.

Methods
Modified solvent evaporation method was employed for casting of film over Fluoropolymer coated polyester release liner. Initial studies included solubilization of drug in the polymers using solubilizers. The formulations with combination of adhesives were attempted to combine the desirable features of both the adhesives. The effect of the permeation enhancers on the drug permeation were studied using pig ear skin. All the optimized patches were subjected to adhesion, dissolution and stability studies. A 7-day skin irritancy test on albino rabbits and an in vivo anti-inflammatory study on wistar rats by carrageenan induced paw edema method were also performed.

Results
The results indicated the high percent drug permeation (% CDP-23.582) and low solubility nature (1%) of Silicone adhesive and high solubility (20%) and low% CDP (10.72%) of acrylic adhesive. The combination of adhesives showed desirable characteristics for DDEA permeation with adequate % CDP and sufficient solubility. Release profiles were found to be dependent on proportion of polymer and type of permeation enhancer. The anti-inflammatory study revealed the sustaining effect and high percentage inhibition of edema of C4/OLA (99.68%). The acute skin irritancy studies advocated the non-irritant nature of the adhesives used.

Conclusion
It was concluded that an ideal of combination of adhesives would serve as the best choice, for fabrication of DDEA patches, for sustained effect of DDEA with better enhancement in permeation characteristics and robustness.
Kinetics of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on silica-supported cobalt-cerium catalyst
Authors: Mansouri Mohsen , Atashi Hossein , Mirzaei Ali Akbar , Jangi Reza 
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Background
The process of converting synthesis gas into liquid fuels (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) is a well-known technology. Among all Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) catalysts, Co- and Fe-based ones are applicable for industrial processes due to their low cost and high activity and selectivity. In this experimental study, a kinetic model has been developed for FTS reactions using co-precipitation technique and Co-Ce/SiO2 as the catalyst.

Results
Rate data have been obtained for CO hydrogenation over a co-precipitated well-characterized Co-Ce/SiO2 catalyst, studied in a fixed-bed micro-reactor at atmospheric pressure under the conditions of 200°C to 300°C, H2/CO feed ratio (mol/mol) of 1 and 1.5, and space velocity in the range 2,700 to 5,200 h−1. Characterization of both precursor and calcined catalysts was carried out using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurements.

Conclusions
The kinetic parameters were estimated with nonlinear regression method. The data were best fitted by a Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson approach. The activation energy for the optimal kinetic model was determined to be 31.57 kJ mol−1.
Hypoxia stimulates migration of breast cancer cells via the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm of the unfolded protein response
Authors: Nagelkerke Anika , Bussink Johan , Mujcic Hilda , Wouters Bradly G , Lehmann Steffi , Sweep Fred CGJ , Span Paul N 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Introduction
The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 pathway can stimulate tumor cell migration and metastasis. Furthermore, hypoxic tumors are associated with a poor prognosis. Besides the HIF-1 pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is also induced by hypoxic conditions. The PKR-like ER kinase (PERK)/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-arm of the UPR induces expression of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3), a factor that has been linked to metastasis and poor prognosis in solid tumors. In this study the role of UPR-induced LAMP3 in hypoxia-mediated migration of breast cancer cells was examined.

Methods
A number of in vitro metastasis models were used to study the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. PERK, ATF4 and their downstream factor LAMP3 were knocked down to examine their role in cell migration. In addition, multicellular tumor spheroids were used to study the involvement of the tumor microenvironment in invasion.

Results
Using transwell assays, migration of different breast cancer cell lines was assessed. A direct correlation was found between cell migration and baseline LAMP3 expression. Furthermore, moderate hypoxia (1% O2) was found to be optimal in stimulating migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. siRNA mediated knockdown of PERK, ATF4 and LAMP3 reduced migration of cells under these conditions. Using gap closure assays, similar results were found. In a three-dimensional invasion assay into collagen, LAMP3 knockdown cells showed a diminished capacity to invade compared to control cells when collectively grown in multicellular spheroids.

Conclusions
Thus, the PERK/ATF4/LAMP3-arm of the UPR is an additional pathway mediating hypoxia-induced breast cancer cell migration.
Low Temperature Plasma Sintering of Silver Nanoparticles for Potential Flexible Electronics Applications
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Bromberg Vadim , Egitto Frank D. , Singler Timothy J. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTDeposition of solution-processed functional materials generally requires additional post-processing to optimize the functionality of the material. We study sintering of Ag nanoparticle (NP) (with average diameter 77nm) deposits for improved electrical conductivity, with emphasis on Argon plasma methods compatible with the low temperature requirements of regular low-cost flexible polymer substrates. The relationship between plasma parameters (such as power and treatment time) versus sintering results (sintered structure depth, film continuity and electrical sheet resistance) will be reported. According to our efforts so far, we have achieved the electrical resistivity of the sintered film at about 20 times greater than the value of bulk silver using a process compatible with the low temperature requirements of common flexible polymer substrates.
Les Autochtones au Canada : espaces et peuples en mutation
Authors: Desbiens Caroline , Hirt Irène 
Published: January 2013

Résumé Alors que les questions relatives à l’autochtonie ont longtemps été le domaine de l’anthropologie, nous assistons ces dernières années à un décloisonnement des recherches. La géographie participe activement à cette mouvance, notamment par la richesse de sa boîte à outils en ce qui concerne les questions de paysage, ressources, environnement et gouvernance territoriale. En commençant par un survol des aires culturelles autochtones en Amérique, nous proposons dans cet article d’identifier trois thèmes dominants en ce qui a trait aux espaces de l’autochtonie contemporaine au Canada : la gouvernance, les savoirs, et l’urbanité.
Electromyographic Analysis of Masseter Muscle after Surgical Correction of Mandibular Prognathism
Authors: Eshghpour Majid , Danesh-Sani Seyed Amir 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTSagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is commonly used for treatment of mandibular prognathism. This study evaluated masseter muscle activity using electromyography device, in patients with mandibular prognathism before and after bilateral SSRO of the mandible.Twelve prognathic patients (five males and seven females; mean age 20.6 years) were examined. Initial phase of orthodontic treatment was completed in all included patients. Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle was recorded during maximum voluntary clenching as follows: First evaluation: 7 days prior to surgery, second evaluation: 3 months after surgery and third evaluation: 6 months after surgery. Electro-myography quantities were significantly decreased 3 months after surgery. Electromyographic activity of masseter muscle was recovered to the preoperative level 6 months after bilateral SSRO of the mandible. SSRO of the mandible is a safe technique for correction of mandibular prognathism and not seriously affects masticatory muscle electromyographic activity.How to cite this articleEshghpour M, Danesh Sani SA. Electromyographic Analysis of Masseter Muscle after Surgical Correction of Mandibular Prognathism. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):121-124.
The Hierarchy of Oral Cancer in India
Authors: Ramachandra Naik Balachandra 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndia constitutes more than 80% of population from the villages and are not only socially and economically deprived but also do not get medical facilities compared to small towns and cities. Newspaper says India is fastest developing country, but, in respect to medical service to her citizens at rural level, it is nil. Now, oral cavity cancer is 3rd commonest cancer, which is seen commonly in village people in both sexes. We reviewed the past studies on oral cancer and the same is compared with the present trend.Oral cancer biopsies secured 29.54% among all malignant biopsies. Male to female ratio is 1:1. Majority of patients (38.5%) got oral cancer in 4th decade, followed by 35.2% patients in 3rd decade. Buccal mucosa (57.5%) was the commonest site, followed by tongue (24.2%). Gutkha (the smokeless tobacco) is commonest cause for this cancer.ConclusionApart from chewing habits, illiteracy, poverty, low caloric diet and nonavailability of free medical facility is the cause for rise in oral cancer incidences.How to cite this articleRamachandra NB. The Hierarchy of Oral Cancer in India. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):143-146.
Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Malik Sunita , Singh Virender , Singh Gurdarshan , Dahiya Nisha 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTCentral giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is an intraosseous lesion consisting of cellular fibrosis tissue that contains multiple foci of hemorrhage, multinucleated giant cells and trabeculas of woven bone. This lesion accounts for less than 7% of all benign jaw tumors. Jaffe considered it as a locally reparative reaction of bone which can be possibly due to either an inflammatory response, hemorrhage or local trauma. Females are affected more frequently than males. It occurs over a wide age range. It has been reported that this lesion is diagnosed during the first two decades of life in approximately 48% of cases and 60% of cases are evident before the age of 30. It is considerably more common in the mandible than in maxilla. The majority of the lesions occur in the molar and premolar area, and some of these extend to the ascending ramus.The presence of giant cell granuloma in the mandibular body area, entire ramus, condyle and coronoid creates a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The purpose of this report is to describe an unusual presentation of CGCG involving mandibular body, ramus, condylar and coronoid processes and to discuss the differential diagnosis, radiographic presentation and management of this lesion.How to cite this articleMalik S, Singh V, Singh G, Dahiya N. Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A Rare Presentation. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):172-174.
Balloon Dilatation of Recurrent Post-treatment Short Segment Subglottic Stenosis by Airway Balloon in an Adult
Authors: Karnik Prabodh , Kulkarni Anuja Santosh , Nataraj Uma 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT
Subglottic stenosis poses a challenging situation for otolaryngologist. In many cases tracheostomy is required to safeguard the airway. Recently, encouraging results in use of balloon dilatation for subglottic stenosis has led us to successfully treat a recurrent post-treatment short segment subglottic stenosis in a 37-year-old male patient who presented to us with complaints of breathlessness and noisy breathing.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni AS, Karnik P, Nataraj U. Balloon Dilatation of Recurrent Post-treatment Short Segment Subglottic Stenosis by Airway Balloon in an Adult. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):175-178.
Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Case
Authors: Smitha SG , Gowda Chandre 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTMetastases to the sinonasal region are very rare. They constitute to less than 1% of nasal malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first case of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule with primary carcinoma of pyriform fossa to be reported. We present this case for its rarity. We have also reviewed literatures on squamous cell carcinoma of nasal vestibule.How to cite this articleGangaraj S, Gowda C. Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Nasal Vestibule: A Rare Case. Int J Head and Neck Surg 2012;3(3):182-183.
Initiating Change: Architecturing the Body‐Environment with Arakawa and Gins
Authors: Keane Jondi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNew York‐based artists Shusaku Arakawa (1936–2010) and Madeline Gins (1941–) used architecture in their work in an approach that they have referred to as ‘architecting’. Jondi Keane explains how as artists‐turned‐architects, Arakawa and Gins have not been particularly interested in innovating architecture, but in approaching architecture as a way to innovate, or change the world'.
Designing Tomorrow's Innovation
Authors: Cutler Terry 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChair to the Australian government's Review of the National Innovation System in 2008, Terry Cutler is an industry consultant and strategy advisor with a background in the information and communications technology sector. Here, he opens up the question of architectural innovation to the wider context of the economy and social need. If architects are to innovatively address pressing social and environmental issues, such as climate change, obesity, population ageing and resource depletion, how does the architect's role need to be reformulated?
Soft Supracrystals of Au Nanocrystals with Tunable Mechanical Properties
Authors: Yan Cong , Arfaoui Imad , Goubet Nicolas , Pileni Marie‐Paule 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe elastic properties of highly ordered three‐dimensional colloidal crystals of gold nanocrystals (called supracrystals) are reported. This study is based on the simultaneous growth of two kinds of gold nanocrystal supracrystals that range in size from 5 nm to 8 nm: interfacial supracrystals and precipitated supracrystals. The elastic properties are deduced from nanoindentation measurements performed with an atomic force microscope. The Young's modulus of the interfacial supracrystals, which grow layer‐by‐layer and form well‐defined films, is compared to that of precipitated supracrystals, which are produced by homogeneous growth in solution. For the precipitated supracrystals, characterized by a thickness larger than 1 μm, the Oliver and Pharr model is used to determine the elastic moduli, which are in the gigapascal range and decrease with increasing nanocrystal size. For the interfacial supracrystals, with 300 nm average thickness, a second model (plate model) is applied in addition to the Oliver and Pharr model. These two models confirm independently that the interfacial films are very soft with Young's modulus in the range of 80–240 MPa. This result reveals a totally new feature of nanocrystal solids, never emphasized before. It is shown that these changes in the Young's modulus are related to the supracrystal growth mechanism.
Mesoporous Silica‐Calcium Phosphate‐Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative Composites as an Effective Adjuvant for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xia , Wang Xiupeng , Sogo Yu , Ohno Tadao , Onuma Kazuo , Ito Atsuo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of mesoporous silica/calcium phosphate composite loaded with the immunopotentiator tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD‐MS/CaP) as an effective adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy is reported here. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is prepared by immersing mesoporous silica in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution supplemented with the immunopotentiator PPD for 24 h. PPD is coprecipitated with calcium phosphate inside and on the surface of mesoporous silica. By loading the immunopotentiator PPD in the PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant, an enhanced activation of antigen‐presenting cells, such as GM‐CSF secretion by THP‐1 differentiated macrophages, is obtained probably due to sustained PPD release and an efficient cellular uptake of PPD. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant mixed with liquid‐N2‐treated tumor tissue effectively triggers anti‐tumor immune response and markedly inhibits in vivo tumor growth. The PPD‐MS/CaP adjuvant is a promising alternative for cancer immune therapy.
Mesoporous Europo‐Gadolinosilicate Nanoparticles as Bimodal Medical Imaging Agents and a Potential Theranostic Platform
Authors: Tse Nicholas M. K. , Kennedy Danielle F. , Kirby Nigel , Moffat Bradford A. , Muir Benjamin W. , Caruso Rachel A. , Drummond Calum J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe mesoporous structure of sol‐gel prepared gadolinium and europium doped silicate nanoparticles has been found to be highly dependent on the formulated composition, with synthesised samples displaying both disordered and hexagonally ordered mesoporous packing symmetry. The degree of pore ordering within the nanoparticles has a strong correlation with the total lanthanide (Gd3+ and Eu3+) concentration. The gadolinosilicates are excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) longitudinal (T1) agents. The longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and transverse (r2) relaxivity, a measure of MRI contrast agent efficiency, were up to four times higher than the clinically employed Omniscan (gadodiamide); with r1 up to 20.6 s−1 mM−1 and r2 of 66.2 s−1 mM−1 compared to 5.53 and 4.64 s−1 mM−1, respectively, for Omniscan. In addition, the europium content of all the samples studied is below the self‐quenching limit, which results in a strong luminescence response from the nanoparticles on excitation at 250 nm. The Eu‐Gd silicate nanoparticles act as bimodal imaging agents for MRI and luminescence. These mesoporous nanoparticles also have the potential to serve as encapsulation and controlled release matrices for pharmaceuticals. They are therefore a promising multimodal theranostic platform.
Direct determination of polymyxin B sulfate using resonance Rayleigh scattering and resonance non‐linear scattering methods with hexatungstate
Authors: Kong Ling , Liu Zhongfang , Liu Shaopu , Wu Limin , Tian Fengling 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAt pH 1.3–1.6, tungstate WO42–, can be converted to hexatungstate W6O192–, which can react with positively charged polymyxin B sulfate (PMB) to result in enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and resonance non‐linear scattering, including second order scattering and frequency doubling scattering. Linear relationships can be established between enhanced scattering intensity and PMB concentration. The detection limits (3σ) were 5.5 ng/mL (RRS), 10.1 ng/mL (second order scattering) and 34.6 ng/mL (frequency doubling scattering). The optimum reaction conditions, influencing factors and related analytical properties were tested. The interaction mechanism was investigated via absorption spectrum, circular dichroism spectra and atomic force microscopy imaging. The basis of scattering enhancement is discussed. PMB in eardrops, human serum and urine, were quantified satisfactorily by RRS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Interaction of Nitrophenylalanines with Wild Type and Mutant 4‐Methylideneimidazole‐5‐one‐less Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase
Authors: Toşa Monica Ioana , Brem Jürgen , Mantu Alexandra , Irimie Florin Dan , Paizs Csaba , Rétey János 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRacemic nitrophenylalanines and (E)‐nitrophenylacrylates are synthesized from the corresponding aldehydes. Both products are important for the examination of the mechanism of action of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). For the reaction of the rac‐nitrophenylalanines with both wild type (wt) PAL and an 4‐methylideneimidazole‐5‐one (MIO)‐less mutant, the kinetic constants Km and Vmax are determined and compared with those of the natural substrate L‐phenylalanine: the Km values for the racemic nitrophenylalanines with wt PAL are up to 9 times higher, however, the Vmax values are up to 5 times lower. Compared to wt PAL, the catalytic activity of MIO‐less PAL mutant for the deamination of L‐phenylalanine is approximately 400 times, while that for 3‐nitrophenylalanine is approximately 50 times lower. Both wt and MIO‐less PALs are enantioselective for L‐nitrophenylalanines. Thus, enantiopure D‐nitrophenylalanines can be biosynthesized from racemic substrates. The biocatalytic synthesis of the corresponding L‐enantiomers is achieved by the reverse reaction, starting from (E)‐nitrophenylacrylates. Both enantiomeric products obtained with wt and MIO‐less PAL are spectroscopically and chromatographically characterized and their optical rotations measured.
Effect of Operating Conditions on NOx and CO Emissions in a Pilot‐Scale Vortexing Fluidized‐Bed Combustor with Flue Gas Recirculation
Authors: Qian F. , Chyang C. , Yeh C. , Tso J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn order to study the effect of flue gas recirculation (FGR) by primary air mixed with FGR or nitrogen on NOx emissions in a fixed total primary air flow rate, the bed temperature, stoichiometric oxygen ratio in the combustion chamber, and excess oxygen ratio were investigated in a pilot‐scale vortexing fluidized‐bed combustor (VFBC). As a result, the NOx emissions could effectively be decreased with FGR in the VFBC. The lower NOx emissions were attributed to the fact that the FGR allows NOx to enter the reactor again with the chance of being reduced and that the FGR contains more CO2 to suppress NOx formation or promote NOx reduction through its conversion to CO by reaction with char.