bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logging Horizontal Wells – Field Practice for Various Techniques
Authors: Spreux A. , Louis A. , Rocca M. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
With the development of highly deviated and horizontal wells, new techniques of running logging tools have been developed, in addition to the wire line method, for conveying logging tools in wells.
Five techniques are now operational: the wire line, the MWD, the SIMPHOR* type methods, the Pump DownStinger and the Coiled Tubing method.
Logging by wire line is naturally restricted to well inclinations up to 65° to 70°. By the fact that they use the drill pipes, the SIMPHOR and MWD type techniques are theoretically capable of covering all conventionally drilled wells, whatever their deviation or horizontal development. With the use of a telescopic stinger, only small diameter or production tools can be used. As for coiled tubing, its relative fragility will limit its use, to deviated wells with standard tools, and to low horizontal offset drains with lighter tools. The latter two methods offer the advantage of being operable without a drilling rig.
ELF-AQUITAINE's experience in using these different techniques on horizontal drains amounts to the following today:
– ten horizontal wells drilled, of which six used the MWD method in the reservoir, – nine logging operations with SIMPHOR systems, – eight with the pump-down stinger, of which four on production logging, – two operations with coiled tubing.
(It should be noted that a single operation can comprise several running-in operations).
In addition to the horizontal wells, these methods naturally lend themselves to all highly deviated or difficult wells where wire line working is not possible, thus endowing them with a wide range of application.
Refurbishment of Ballast Water System of the Gravity Base Structure – Beryl ‘A’
Authors: Seume K , Gilchrist J M 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
The Beryl Alpha Gravity Base Platform has operated satisfactorily for the past 11 years and is expected to stay in operation until the year 2017.
The Ballast Water System is a vital part of the platform's oil storage and export equipment. In 1986, during routine pipe inspections in the lower part of the utility shaft, significant defects were discovered which resulted in major refurbishment work.
Innovative designs and working procedures were employed for replacement and reinforced grout encasement of line pipe sections. This paper details the important aspects of this refurbishment work.
A Technique for Onsite Diagnosis of Cement Job Problems: The Concept of Job Signatures
Authors: Beirute R. M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
From the introduction of free-fall models for primary cementing, several companies throughout the industry have been monitoring many cementing operations by continuously measuring the rate of returns, the rate of pumping, the density of the fluids pumped, the density of the fluids returned to the surface, and the surface pressure. Measured values of surface pressure and rate of returns have been compared to predicted values obtained using cementing simulators. Discrepancies in the measured versus the calculated behavior that can not be explained as normal simulation and job measurement limitations are attributed to problems developed during the cementing operation. Although problems have been detected by this approach, in some cases it has not been possible to ascertain the exact cause of the misbehavior. Therefore, proper and timely corrective adjustments have not always been made during the job.
In order to improve on our ability to diagnose cement job problems while the cement job is in progress, this paper looks in more detail at the information concerning the job performance, that can be obtained by continuously monitoring the rate of pumping and the rate of returns during a cementing operation. It is shown that some job problems can be detected, during certain portions of the cementing job, even without having on location a predicted job behavior from a simulator. However, it is also shown that a more detailed picture of the operation can be obtained by comparing job measured values versus predicted data from simulators.
Using a cement job simulator that includes free-fall, six potential job problems are investigated: channeling, unsuspected (unmeasured) washout, lost circulation, influx, flow restrictions and slurry dehydration. Representative graphs showing the behavior trends for each of the six potential cement job problems are given. The graphs show the normal (without trouble) behavior and the departure from the norm for the problem situation. Lists of generalized Job Signatures for each case are also given. Characteristics that are considered the main indicators of each job problem are highlighted.
The generalized Job Signatures and the "trend" graphs should be viewed as additional tools developed to help the engineer or foreman on location diagnose a cement job problem, while the job is in progress. These tools should be used in conjunction with all other available information about the job to arrive at the final diagnosis of the job problem. Three field cases are given illustrating how the concept of Job Signatures can be effectively used to assist in detecting potential job problems during the actual job.
Shrinkage Properties of Cement
Authors: Chenevert M. E. , Shrestha B. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
Typical oil field cements, when tested under temperature and pressure, shrink as they set. Such shrinkage may result in a loss of cement hydrostatic pressure, possibly causing gas seepage to the surface. In this paper it is shown that certain compositions which increase the slurry yield of the cement and/or reduce available water also decrease the amount of shrinkage.
A Computer Model for Hole-Cleaning Analysis
Authors: lyoho A. W. , Horeth J. M. , Veenkant R. L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper describes a unique computer modelling capability for hole-cleaning analysis in the total drilling system context.1–3 The model, known as the NMB (New Material Balance) Model, uses standard drilling data – penetration rate, pump rate, bit size, wellbore geometry and mud properties – to generate a wellbore profile of hole-cleaning parameters. To accomplish this, the model calculates wellbore constituent velocities and concentrations by solving a set of finite-difference equations representing material transport throughout the wellbore.
Results obtained from the NMB Model include: Cuttings concentration and cuttings size distribution in the annulus.Cuttings slip velocity, net transport velocity and transport ratio.Effects of mud weight and mud rheology on hole cleaning.Effects of penetration rate and pump rate on hole cleaning.Equivalent mud weight due to cuttings loading for various scenarios.
The model has been tested successfully against a wide variety of laboratory and field data. One direct application of the model is to perform analytical hole-cleaning studies; but it is also a vital link in total drilling system simulation for penetration-rate and solids-control studies.
The Prevalence and Severity of Joint Problems and Disability in Patients with Poliomyelitis in Urban India
Authors: Baliga S , Mcmillan T , Sutherland A , Sharan D 
Published: July 2015

Poliomyelitis is caused by an enterovirus infection of the anterior horn cells in the spinal cord. Up to 40% of survivors recover full muscle strength, however 60–90% are left with varying degrees of residual paralysis, where the patient suffers from cramping myalgia and lower motor neuron pattern weakness. This study aimed to identify and quantify, in terms of prevalence and severity of the types of joint deformities encountered in polio sufferers. It also aimed to assess the disability caused by such problems. Finally we documented the provision and use of mobility aids, orthotics and surgery in the patient group.
Impairment was confined to one lower limb, and this is consistent, as the majority of patients were infected in infancy. The study found that pes cavus, scoliosis, flexion deformity of the knee and true lower-limb shortening accounted for over half of the deformities found. The mean Barthel Disability score was 19 and over 80% of patients used at least one aid, usually in the form of a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO). Surgery also plays a large in role in the management of polio patients, however necessity needs to be assessed on an individual basis taking into account many aspects of the patient’s life.
Phytochemical screening and diuretic activity of <i>Euphorbia granulata</i>
Authors: Saleem Hammad , Ahmad Irshad , Gill M. Shoaib Ali 
Published: July 2015

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate diuretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of <em>Euphorbia granulate</em> in rats. Albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as reference, Group II as standard and Group III, IV and V served as test. The three doses of extract (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were given to rats (i.p) in acute diuretic model. Furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p) was used as standard drug. The extract induced diuretic effects and induced electrolytes excretion in a dose-dependent manner when compared with control. The extract (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased the volume of urine in comparison to control group. Similarly, the excretion of potassium and sodium were also significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased following extract administration. However, there was no significant change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with control. The result of this study thus offers support to the traditional folker use of this plant as a diuretic agent.</p><p> </p>
Le regard de Gogol : du thème au concept
Authors: Breuillard Jean 
Published: July 2015

Vision in Gogol's works :from theme to concept.
The purpose of the present paper is to demonstrate that the complete writings of Gogol are closely related to the theme of vision and glance : not merely his literary fiction, as has been noted by literary critics (distant vision vs. close vision, which focuses on details, a lack in depth perception, the myth of all-seeing eyes, changing points-of-view in order to approach reality, etc., but equally all other forms of writing (letters, historical and philosophical essays and so on). In the latter writings this theme uses exactly the same words, just slightly metaphorized, serving as a heuristic function of concepts and as tools of knowledge. The theme of vision and the glance is likely the « etymon » (Leo Spitzer) of Gogol's complete works.
Mises en scène d'une identité non slave de Russie : le théâtre komi dans un monde russe en mutation
Authors: Cagnoli Sébastien 
Published: July 2015

The Komi, a Finno-Ugric people of North-Eastern Europe, have been part of Russia since the 14th century. After the Revolution, the Civil War led to the creation of a Bolshevik Komi State (1921), which later became an autonomous subject of Soviet Russia. Among intellectuals who remained in Russia, the 1920s and 1930s were times of optimism and creativity ; the national language became state language, and literature flourished in all genres. Later, with the 1990 declaration of sovereignty, the Komi State was to be transformed ; but after decades of russification, demographic and social realities were quite different from those of the time of the 1917 Revolution.
Undoubtedly Komi identity came particularly forward in these two decisive periods, and bilingualism played an important role in this process, though in different proportions. By exploring a literary genre with a wider potential audience - drama -, I intend to present some aspects of contemporary Komi cultural identity, especially in relation to their territory and language.
An Innovative Approach to Resident Scheduling: Use of a Point-Based System to Account for Resident Preferences
Authors: Chow Robert Tao-Ping , Tamhane Shrikant , Zhang Manling , Fisher Lori-Ann , Yoon Jenni , Sehgal Sameep , Lumbres Madel , Han Ma Ai Thanda , Win Tiffany 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
The scheduling of residents for rotation assignments and on-call responsibilities is a time-consuming process that challenges the resources of residency programs. Assignment of schedules is traditionally done by chief residents or program administration with variable input from the residents involved.

Intervention
We introduced an innovative point-based scheduling system to increase transparency in the scheduling process, foster a sense of fairness and equality in scheduling, and increase resident ownership for making judicious scheduling choices.

Methods
We devised a point-based system in which each resident in our 40-member program was allocated an equal number of points. The residents assigned these points to their preferred choices of rotations. Residents were then surveyed anonymously on their perceptions of this new scheduling system and were asked to compare it with their traditional scheduling system.

Results
The schedule was successfully implemented, and it allowed residents to express their scheduling preferences using an innovative point-based approach. Residents were generally satisfied with the new system, would recommend it to other programs, and perceived a greater sense of involvement. However, resident satisfaction with the new system was not significantly greater compared with the previous approach to scheduling (P = .20). Chief residents expressed satisfaction with the new scheduling model.

Conclusions
Residents were equally satisfied with the traditional preference-based scheduling approach and the new point-based system. Chief residents' feedback on the new system reflected reduced stress and time commitment in the new point-based system.
Patient Death Debriefing Sessions to Support Residents' Emotional Reactions to Patient Deaths
Authors: Eng Juliana , Schulman Elizabeth , Jhanwar Sabrina M. , Shah Monika K. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
There is no standard way to help residents deal with the emotional impact of patient deaths. Most available curricula are time and resource intensive.

Objective
We introduced “Patient Death Debriefing Sessions” into an inpatient medical oncology rotation at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center to provide a structured yet practical way to address residents' emotional reactions following the death of a patient. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the impact of these sessions.

Methods
Patient Death Debriefing Sessions consist of a brief (~10 minutes), real-time (within 24–48 hours), consistent (following each death), attending physician–led debriefing that focuses on internal medicine residents' emotional reactions following patient deaths. Sessions were guided by a pocketcard tool and did not require faculty training. Residents completing a 4-week medical oncology rotation were surveyed before and after their rotation. Prerotation and postrotation mean differences were evaluated based on the number of sessions they participated in (0 to ≥ 3) using analyses of variance.

Results
Ninety-one of 92 participants spanning all training levels completed questionnaires (99% response rate). Of these, 79 (87%) encountered a patient death and were included in the analyses. Overall, residents found debriefing sessions helpful, educational, and appreciated attending physician leadership. The number of debriefing sessions positively influenced residents' perception of received support.

Conclusions
This high-yield, novel pilot curriculum supported residents' emotional reactions to patient deaths and may foster communication with team members, including supervising attending physicians. This program is easily implemented and could be adapted for use in other clinical settings.
Duty Hour Reporting: Conflicting Values in Professionalism
Authors: Byrne John M. , Loo Lawrence K. , Giang Dan W. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Duty hour limits challenge professional values, sometimes forcing residents to choose between patient care and regulatory compliance. This may affect truthfulness in duty hour reporting.

Objective
We assessed residents' reasons for falsifying duty hour reports.

Methods
We surveyed residents in 1 sponsoring institution to explore the reasons for noncompliance, frequency of violations, falsification of reports, and the residents' awareness of the option to extend hours to care for a single patient. The analysis used descriptive statistics. Linear regression was used to explore falsification of duty hour reports by year of training.

Results
The response rate was 88% (572 of 650). Primary reasons for duty hour violations were number of patients (19%) and individual patient acuity/complexity (19%). Junior residents were significantly more likely to falsify duty hours (R = −0.966). Of 124 residents who acknowledged falsification, 51 (41%) identified the primary reason as concern that the program will be in jeopardy of violating the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) duty hour limits followed by fear of punishment (34, 27%). This accounted for more than two-thirds of the primary reasons for falsification.

Conclusions
Residents' falsification of duty hour data appears to be motivated by concerns about adverse actions from the ACGME, and fear they might be punished. To foster professionalism, we recommend that sponsoring institutions educate residents about professionalism in duty hour reporting. The ACGME should also convey the message that duty hour limits be applied in a no-blame systems-based approach, and allow junior residents to extend duty hours for the care of individual patients.
Análise do trans e pós-operatório de indivíduos com diabetes melitus submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca
Authors: Giordani Juliana Neves , Loro Marli Maria , Dallazen Fernanda , Da Cruz Dante Thomé , Winkelmann Eliane Roseli 
Published: July 2015

La investigación trata de analizar la presencia de complicaciones en los pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Estudio analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyeron 50 pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca y se analizaron según la presencia o ausencia de diabetes mellitus, cada grupo contiene 25 pacientes. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante el análisis de la historia clínica del paciente. De los 30 procedimientos quirúrgicos fueron CABG (60 %), TRVA 11 (22%), TrVM 6 (12 %), CRM TRVA + 1 (2 %), TRVA TrVM + 1 (2 %) y TRVA TRVP + 1 (2%). La población del estudio tenía una edad media de 60,4 años en el grupo de diabéticos y 56 años en el grupo de no diabéticos. En cuanto a los factores de riesgo, la hipertensión 19 (76,0 %) tenía diferencias que prevalecen en el grupo de diabéticos. En cuanto a las complicaciones postoperatorias se observó un mayor número de complicaciones hemodinámicas y respiratorias entre el postoperatorio inmediato hasta el tercer día del postoperatorio en ambos grupos. A partir de las respuestas se puede decir que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables, por lo tanto, llegamos a la conclusión de que la diabetes mellitus, solo, no fue un factor agravante de la cirugía trans y post- cardiaca.<br /><br />
Validez y confiabilidad de una escala de apoyo social percibido en población adolescente
Authors: Mosqueda Díaz Angélica , Mendoza Parra Sara , Jofré Aravena Viviane , Barriga Omar A. 
Published: July 2015

<p>El apoyo social percibido por los/as adolescentes, puede influir positiva o negativamente en su salud, lo que hace necesario contar con instrumentos que permitan su medición. Esto podrá orientar el desarrollo de estrategias promotoras de salud más efectivas. <br /><br />Objetivo: Determinar la confiabilidad y validez de la Escala Multidimensional de Apoyo Social Percibido, en población adolescente chilena. <br /><br />Material y Método: Estudio psicométrico, el instrumento fue aplicado a 247 estudiantes de educación secundaria, previo consentimiento informado de un adulto responsable y asentimiento de los adolescentes. Se estableció confiabilidad a través de evaluación de consistencia interna mediante alpha de Cronbach, validez de criterio concurrente a través de correlación con escala de autoeficacia y validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial. <br /><br />Resultados: La confiabilidad es adecuada para la escala total (=0,88) y para cada subescala (= &gt;0,76), la estructura de la escala demostró ser tridimensional al igual que la escala original y positivamente relacionada con autoeficacia. <br /><br />Conclusión: Este instrumento es confiable y válido para ser utilizado en población adolescente chilena. <br /><br /><br /></p>
Intratester and Intertester Reliability of Toe Pressure Measurements in People with and Without Diabetes Performed by Podiatric Physicians
Authors: Sonter Jennifer A. , Chuter Vivienne , Casey Sarah 
Published: July 2015

Background
Toe pressures and the toe brachial index (TBI) represent possible screening tools for peripheral arterial disease; however, limited evidence is available regarding their reliability. The aim of this study was to determine intratester and intertester reliability of toe systolic pressure and the TBI in participants with and without diabetes performed by podiatric physicians.

Methods
Two podiatric physicians performed toe and brachial pressure measurements on 80 participants, 40 with and 40 without diabetes, during two testing sessions using photoplethysmography and Doppler probe. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% limits of agreement were determined.

Results
In people with diabetes, intratester reliability of toe pressure measurement was excellent for both testers (ICCs, 0.84 and 0.82). Reliability of the TBI was good (ICCs, 0.72 and 0.75) and brachial pressure fair (ICCs, 0.43 and 0.55). The intertester reliability of toe pressure (ICC, 0.82) and the TBI (ICC, 0.80) was excellent. Intertester reliability of brachial pressure was reduced in people with diabetes (ICC, 0.49). In age-matched participants, intratester reliability of toe pressure measurement was excellent for both testers (ICCs, 0.83 and 0.87), and reliability of the TBI (ICCs, 0.74 and 0.80) and brachial pressure (ICCs, 0.73 and 0.78) was good to excellent. Intertester reliability of toe pressure (ICC, 0.84), the TBI (ICC, 0.81), and brachial pressure (ICC, 0.77) was excellent.

Conclusions
Toe pressures and the TBI demonstrated excellent reliability in people with and without diabetes and can be an effective component of lower-extremity vascular screening. However, wide limits of agreement relative to blood pressure values for both cohorts indicate that results should be interpreted with caution.