bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a program of integrated care to reduce recurrent osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Goltz Lisa , Degenhardt Gabriel , Maywald Ulf , Kirch Wilhelm , Schindler Christoph 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate the outcomes of patients participating in a program of integrated care for osteoporosis in terms of medication supply, fracture incidence and expenses.MethodsOutcomes were assessed from secondary data provided by the AOK PLUS health insurance for 2455 participants of the program and the same number of matched controls who were also diagnosed with osteoporosis but did not participate in the program. Supply with Calcium and Vitamin D, antiresorptive agents and analgesics was assessed by defined daily doses. Osteoporotic fractures were identified by hospitalization data. Costs for fracture treatment, medication supply and additional expenses of the program were also included in the dataset.ResultsPatients enrolled in the program of integrated care received significantly more medication to treat osteoporosis than controls. There was no significant reduction in fracture incidence among participants of integrated care, but a reduced need of analgesics was noted. Additional costs for patients enrolled in the program were caused by a higher number of drug prescriptions, higher costs for stationary treatment and additional expenses for program related care and diagnostics.ConclusionsThe program of integrated care was not found to be effective in reducing recurrent fractures. Cost effectiveness defined as a reduced rate of fractures in integrated care patients could not be shown by the assessed outcome measures. This missing reduction in fracture incidence may be explained by a non‐sufficient improvement – compared to a placebo‐controlled clinical trial – in medication supply and non‐comparability of our real‐world patient population with highly controlled clinical trial participants. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of coating method on gas separation by PDMS/PES membrane
Authors: Madaeni S.S. , Badieh M. Mohammadi Sarab , Vatanpour V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐coated polyethersulfone (PES) composite membrane was prepared for gas separation. “Film casting” and “dip‐coating” techniques were used for producing selective PDMS layer on the surface of the PES support. The effects of coating technique and conditions including coating solution concentration and curing temperature on permselectivity of CO2, CH4, and N2 were investigated. The prepared PES support did not provide any selectivity to the gases. When the concentration of PDMS coating solution was increased, initially permeability of CO2 was rapidly dropped and then gradually reached to an almost constant value. The optimum concentration of coating solution was 5 wt%. Curing temperature showed no pronounced effect on the CO2 permeability and selectivity. In “film casting” method, double coating showed superior permeability and selectivity. However, triple “dip‐coating” was promising. The selectivity of composite membrane prepared by “dip‐coating” was higher than “film casting” method. CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of five sequential dip‐coated composite membranes was 45.5 and 9.3, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Power conversion in concentrating photovoltaic systems: central, string, and micro‐inverters
Authors: Kim Yong Sin , Winston Roland 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems coupled with various inverter configurations are modeled, compared, and tested. Because CPV systems use optics to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient PV cells, the systems are affected not only by mismatches in the I–V characteristics among individual PV cells but also by the electro‐optical mismatches of each concentrator. The best way to minimize power losses by these mismatches is having higher quality controls in aligning at the time of manufacturing and installation. To mitigate the power losses when mismatches are present, electrical components can be considered at the expense of additional cost. The developed models for central, string, and micro‐inverters allow an accurate estimation of power losses in CPV systems and can be used to find an optimum solution for various power conversion schemes on the basis of the given mismatch conditions. Simulation results show that a CPV system with micro‐inverters outperforms a CPV system with conventional inverters. Experimental test results under normal operation validate that power losses in a CPV system can be reduced by more than 5% by using the micro‐inverter scheme. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Facile aqueous synthesis and stabilization of nearly monodispersed gold nanospheres by poly(L‐proline)
Authors: Gkikas Manos , Timonen Jaakko , Ruokolainen Janne , Alexandridis Paschalis , Iatrou Hermis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA facile strategy is developed to synthesize Au nanoparticles (Au‐NPs) using water‐soluble poly(L‐proline) (PLP). The synthesized NPs were characterized by TEM, FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and circular dichroism. It was found that PLP has a “dual” role as an efficient reductant of Au(III) and simultaneously as a stabilizing agent of Au‐NPs. The influence of PLP molecular weight, temperature, initial Au(III) concentration, and Au(III)/PLP molar ratio on the size and dispersity of Au‐NPs is examined. It was found that the unique extended secondary structure of PLP II resulted in the facile formation of highly crystalline Au‐NPs in water at a very low Au(III)/PLP molar ratio. These Au‐NPs have the smallest dimensions and size distributions among NPs synthesized so far by polymeric materials in aqueous media, and exhibit enduring colloidal stability. Therefore, by utilizing biocompatible and benign materials in water, we managed to obtain Au‐NPs, so as the final product is ready‐to‐use for biomedical applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
“Nascent” Cu(0) nanoparticles‐mediated single electron transfer living radical polymerization of acrylonitrile at ambient temperature
Authors: Yu Yun‐Hai , Liu Xiao‐Hui , Jia Di , Cheng Bo‐Wen , Zhang Fei‐Jun , Li Hui‐Na , Chen Peng , Xie Shan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractZn(0)/ppm concentrations of CuBr2 from 10 to 50 ppm was firstly used to catalyze radical polymerization of acrylonitrile at ambient temperature. The polymerization displayed typical living radical polymerization (LRP) characteristics, as evidenced by pseudo first‐order kinetics of polymerization, linear increase of number‐average molecular weight, and low polydispersity index (PDI) value. Effects of solvent, copper concentration, and initiator concentration on the polymerization reaction and molecular weight as well as PDI were investigated in detail. EC excelled NMP, DMF, and DMSO in terms of rate of polymerization as well as control of molecular weight and PDI. The increase of the copper concentration from 2.5 to 50 ppm leads to a higher rate of polymerization and a better control over the polymerization reaction. 1H NMR and GPC analyses as well as chain extension reaction confirmed the very high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Effect of low‐temperature processing on dry film photoresist properties for flexible electronics
Authors: Vásquez Quintero Andrés , Briand Danick , de Rooij Nico F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis study presents the mechanical characterization of the dry film photoresist PerMX and its adhesion properties when laminated onto Kapton® E (PI) and Melinex® ST506 (PET). Additionally, the processing temperature, the adhesion strength, and the neutral plane position are investigated and optimized. A relatively low‐temperature (85 °C) process is developed to protect the integrity of the polymers with low glass transition temperature and reduce the thermal mismatch stress. Reduction in processing temperature led to a decrement in the adhesion strength. To counteract this unwanted effect, surface treatments (oxygen plasma) are performed on the polymer surface before lamination. Using the latter techniques, adhesion of PerMX to PET (hard bake: 1 h at 85 °C) is increased from 0.07 to 0.26 N mm−1 (variation of 270%). Finally, the mechanical robustness is investigated and increased by tuning the position of the neutral plane, after 50,000 bending cycles and a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Combustion of Nanoaluminum and Water Propellants: Effect of Equivalence Ratio and Safety/Aging Characterization
Authors: Sippel Travis R. , Pourpoint Timothée L. , Son Steven F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe deflagration and combustion efficiency of 80 nm aluminum/ice (ALICE) mixtures with equivalence ratios of ϕ=1.0, 0.75, and 0.67 were experimentally investigated. We find that pressure exponent and burning rate vary little between these three mixtures, with the exponent varying only from 0.42 to 0.50 and burning rate at 6.9 MPa varying from 2.05 to 2.10 cm s−1. However, reducing the equivalence ratio from 1.0 to 0.67 surprisingly increases combustion efficiency from 70 % to 95 % with unburned aluminum agglomerates visible in electron microscopy photographs of 70 % combustion efficiency (ϕ=1.0) products. Our findings suggest that nanoaluminum/water combustion is diffusionally limited for all conditions considered. Aging tests on the propellant show that storage at −30 °C essentially stops the Al/H2O reaction such that little nanoaluminum degradation occurs after 200 days. Electrostatic discharge (ESD), shock initiation, and impact sensitivity tests indicate that the propellant is insensitive to ignition by these stimuli. Specifically, while neat nanoaluminum powders are highly ESD sensitive (ignition threshold 0.3–14 mJ), nAl/H2O mixtures are insensitive to ESD and have ignition thresholds in excess of 400 mJ. Likewise, nAl/H2O mixtures are insensitive to impact ignition, having an ignition threshold in excess of 2.2 m. Propellants containing 80 nm or larger average particle size aluminum were also found to be insensitive to shock initiation.
Tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane (Née CLL‐1) as a Potential Explosive Ingredient: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Buszek Robert J. , Lindsay C. Michael , Boatz Jerry A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAb initio electronic structure calculations at the MP2/cc‐pVTZ level predict the vibrational stability of the theoretical molecule tetrakis(nitratoxycarbon)methane, designated CLL‐1. The gas phase enthalpy of formation, predicted to be +1029.3 kJ mol−1 using the G3(MP2) method, and the estimated density of 1.87 g cm−3 are used to predict the explosive performance properties using the equilibrium thermochemical code CHEETAH. The predicted detonation velocity (8.61 km s−1) and pressure (33.1 GPa) are similar to those of RDX, but with a significantly higher detonation temperature (6740 K). Finally, the stability of this theoretical molecule is investigated by calculating the lowest energy unimolecular decomposition pathways of the HCO3N model compound as well as barriers to rearrangement upon interaction of two HCO3N molecules.
Flexible semi‐transparent silicon (100) fabric with high‐k/metal gate devices
Authors: Rojas Jhonathan P. , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCan we build a flexible and transparent truly high performance computer? High‐k/metal gate stack based metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitor devices are monolithically fabricated on industry's most widely used low‐cost bulk single‐crystalline silicon (100) wafers and then released as continuous, mechanically flexible, optically semi‐transparent and high thermal budget compatible silicon fabric with devices. This is the first ever demonstration with this set of materials which allows full degree of freedom to fabricate nanoelectronics devices using state‐of‐the‐art CMOS compatible processes and then to utilize them in an unprecedented way for wide deployment over nearly any kind of shape and architecture surfaces. Electrical characterization shows uncompromising performance of post release devices. Mechanical characterization shows extra‐ordinary flexibility (minimum bending radius of 1 cm) making this generic process attractive to extend the horizon of flexible electronics for truly high performance computers.magnified imageSchematic and photograph of flexible high‐k/metal gate MOSCAPs showing high flexibility and C–V plot showing uncompromised performance.(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The structure and evolution of lower stratospheric frontal zones. Part II: The influence of tropospheric ascent on lower stratospheric frontal development
Authors: Lang Andrea A. , Martin Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe intensification of frontal characteristics in the region above the mid‐latitude jet core within the lower stratospheric portion of an upper‐level jet front system (ULJF) is known as lower stratospheric frontogenesis. Four recent cases of lower stratospheric frontogenesis in southwesterly flow are examined in order to elucidate the interaction between lower stratospheric dynamical processes and tropospheric ascent that characterizes such developments. In all of the cases examined the lower stratospheric front was (1) characterized by lower stratospheric quasi‐geostrophic forcing for ascent on its cold side, and (2) parallel to a surface cold front.As latent heating associated with ascent along the surface cold front redistributed the potential temperature field within the upper troposphere, the stability of the near‐tropopause upper troposphere decreased, thus intensifying the response to lower stratospheric frontal forcing by enhancing the frontogenetic ascent within the upper troposphere. It is therefore suggested that ascent originating in the lower troposphere is able to influence the development of lower stratospheric fronts and substantially alter the structure of the mid‐latitude tropopause and its associated horizontal potential vorticity gradient at and above the jet core. The implications of lower stratospheric frontogenetic processes on facilitating tropical–extratropical interactions is discussed.
The evaluation of the integrated water vapour annual cycle over the Iberian Peninsula from EOS‐MODIS against different ground‐based techniques
Authors: Bennouna Y. S. , Torres B. , Cachorro V. E. , Ortiz de Galisteo J. P. , Toledano C. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe annual cycle of precipitable water vapour is inferred from the MODIS thermal infrared (IR) and near‐infrared (NIR) satellite products under clear‐sky conditions for the period 2002–2008 at 18 sites in the Iberian Peninsula, with the aim to evaluate the capabilities of both algorithms. The article presents these results in relation to ground observations using different techniques (GPS, sunphotometer, radiosounding), with a special emphasis on GPS. At all sites the annual cycle presents the typical shape with low values in winter (minimum ∼1 cm) and high values in summer (maximum ∼3 cm), and a smaller cycle amplitude at continental sites than at coastal sites. The satellite results clearly depict the north–south gradient, as well as singular patterns such as the July minimum characterizing the most southern stations. The differences in the monthly means with respect to ground observations are mostly underestimations, ranging between a few percent to 40%, being generally larger in winter than in summer. Overall, NIR performs better than IR, especially in the wintertime. However, NIR presents overestimations in summer that can reach up to 30%. The comparison results of the annual cycle appear much more heterogeneous within coastal than continental areas, in particular for the Mediterranean region. It was found that the performance of IR algorithm is strongly influenced by the seasonal variations, a dependence which is much weaker in NIR retrievals. The time‐coincident comparison shows that best MODIS/GPS agreement is found for continental regions (r.m.s.∼0.3) for both methods. The largest regression biases and rms differences are found at the Mediterranean sites. The influence of sampling in the evaluation of the MODIS annual cycle was shown to affect mainly winter values. Errors induced by the retrieval accuracy and those induced by sampling deficiencies sometimes add up or compensate each other partially or totally.
Association rule hiding methods
Authors: Verykios Vassilios S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPrivacy preserving data mining has been recently introduced to cope with privacy issues related to the data subjects in the course of the mining of the data. It has also been recognized that it is not only the data that need to be protected but sensitive knowledge hidden in the data as well. Knowledge hiding is an emerging area of research focusing on appropriately modifying the data in such a way that sensitive knowledge escapes the mining and is not communicated to the public for privacy purposes. This article investigates the development of techniques falling under the knowledge‐hiding umbrella that pertain to the association rule‐mining task. These techniques are known as association rule hiding or frequent pattern hiding approaches, and have been receiving a lot of attention lately because they touch upon important issues of handling a sort of commonly used patterns such as the frequent patterns and the association rules. We present an overview of this area as well as a taxonomy and a presentation of an important sample of algorithms. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Technologies > Association Rules
The role of aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) in ethanol production from glycerol by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Oh Baek-Rock , Hong Won-Kyung , Heo Sun-Yeon , Joe Min-ho , Seo Jeong-Woo , Kim Chul Ho 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Transcriptome analysis of a K. pneumoniae GEM167 mutant strain derived by irradiation with gamma rays, which exhibited high-level production of ethanol from glycerol, showed that the mutant expressed AdhE at a high level. Ethanol production decreased significantly, from 8.8 to 0.5 g l−1, when an adhE-deficient derivative of that strain was grown on glycerol. Bacterial growth was also reduced under such conditions, showing that AdhE plays a critical role in maintenance of redox balance by catalyzing ethanol production. Overexpression of AdhE enhanced ethanol production, from pure or crude glycerol, to a maximal level of 31.9 g l−1 under fed-batch fermentation conditions; this is the highest level of ethanol production from glycerol reported to date.
Health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with phenylketonuria: unimpaired HRQoL in patients but feared school failure in parents
Authors: Thimm Eva , Schmidt Lisa Elena , Heldt Katrin , Spiekerkoetter Ute 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAim of the study was the evaluation of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and the detection of deviant behavior in early‐treated children and adolescents with PKU in comparison with healthy peers. Special focus was laid on the impact of compliance with treatment as defined by the national recommendations on HRQoL. Our investigation in 50 children and adolescents and their parents for the first time demonstrates that despite an overall normal HRQoL in our PKU patient collective, parents are concerned about performance in school especially when phenylalanine concentrations in their children are mainly above the therapeutic range. Adherence to target phenylalanine concentrations ameliorated markedly in patients above 10 years in comparison to younger patients due to relaxed treatment recommendations. Interestingly, this alleged improvement in metabolic control has an impact on the parent assessed but not on the patient assessed appraisal of HRQoL. However, a positive correlation between poor metabolic control and conduct problems was identified by patients’ self‐assessment. In conclusion, lacking adherence to the strict treatment recommendations in infancy results in significant concern about school success and success in life in parents of PKU patients. With relaxation of dietary phenylalanine restriction at 10 years of age, these concerns diminish.
Metabolite proofreading, a neglected aspect of intermediary metabolism
Authors: Van Schaftingen Emile , Rzem Rim , Marbaix Alexandre , Collard François , Veiga‐da‐Cunha Maria , Linster Carole L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractEnzymes of intermediary metabolism are less specific than what is usually assumed: they often act on metabolites that are not their ‘true’ substrate, making abnormal metabolites that may be deleterious if they accumulate. Some of these abnormal metabolites are reconverted to normal metabolites by repair enzymes, which play therefore a role akin to the proofreading activities of DNA polymerases and aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases. An illustrative example of such repair enzymes is L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase, which eliminates a metabolite abnormally made by a Krebs cycle enzyme. Mutations in L‐2‐hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase lead to L‐2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria, a leukoencephalopathy. Other examples are the epimerase and the ATP‐dependent dehydratase that repair hydrated forms of NADH and NADPH; ethylmalonyl‐CoA decarboxylase, which eliminates an abnormal metabolite formed by acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, an enzyme of fatty acid synthesis; L‐pipecolate oxidase, which repairs a metabolite formed by a side activity of an enzyme of L‐proline biosynthesis. Metabolite proofreading enzymes are likely quite common, but most of them are still unidentified. A defect in these enzymes may account for new metabolic disorders.
Liver transplantation and cell therapies for inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: McKiernan Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLiver transplantation is now very successful with >85 % long term survival into adult life. When considering the impact of liver transplantation for metabolic disease two independent factors need to be considered; whether or not the defect causes liver disease and whether or not it is confined to the liver. When considering transplantation many factors need to be considered including the local success of transplantation, the impact of the metabolic disease on the patient and family and the potential for future therapeutic developments. Where transplantation is undertaken for a liver based defect there is a lifelong complete correction of the defect. Where there is a residual extrahepatic defect this will have an impact on the outcome of liver transplantation and the severity of this defect must be considered as part of the transplant assessment process. Access to a multi‐disciplinary team with expertise in metabolic disease, liver disease and other relevant organ based specialists is crucial. Most children will receive transplantation from cadaveric donor but living related transplantation from a heterozygote parent is usually safe and effective. Auxiliary liver transplantation has a small but useful role where partial correction of the defect is helpful and there is a future prospect of gene therapy. The first‐generation of hepatocyte transplants have shown proof of principle but to date have had a rather modest and temporary metabolic effect. Stem cells may have the potential to produce a more sustained and significant metabolic correction, but must be shown to be effective in controlled trials.