bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders for Socially Anxious and Healthy Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Hale William W. , Raaijmakers Quinten A. W. , García-López Luis Joaquín , Fernández Lourdes Espinosa- , Muela Jose Antonio , Castela Mª del Mar Díaz- 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSocially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents were studied in order to test the psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test measurement invariance between these two populations, Cronbach’s alphas were calculated to determine the reliabilities of the scales, and partial eta-square tests calculated the effect size of the differences between socially anxious and healthy adolescents and between the adolescent boys and girls. The psychometric properties of the SCARED were good, as demonstrated by having acceptable reliabilities (ranging from .75 – .41) and a moderate multivariate effect size (ηp2 = .08) between the adolescent boys and girls. Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the SCARED could differentiate between socially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents as demonstrated by measurement invariance (χ2 = 254.27, df = 1343, GFI = .884, AGFI = .872, RMR = .031) and the large effect size (ηp2 = .22) between the samples.
Self-Generated Explanations on the Question Demands are not Always Helpful
Authors: Cerdán Raquel , Gilabert Ramiro , Vidal-Abarca Eduardo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study had two main purposes. First, to measure high-school students’ task model representation under the instruction to self-explain questions; second, to test the effects of self-generated explanations on task-demands understanding and performance on questions. We designed a simple experimental situation where high-school students were asked to read two texts and answer questions. Only in half of the questions students were required to self-explain with their own words what the question was asking them for before answering. Contrary to our expectations, self-explaining the questions did not significantly affect skilled comprehenders, whereas it hindered performance in less-skilled comprehenders. Moreover, it inhibited their active engagement in search for textual units of information. Less-skilled comprehenders’ explanation protocols included inaccuracies, with consequences on the search process and success in the task. The relationship among quality of task model, search for information and success is discussed in light of the TRACE model (Rouet, 2006).
Teacher Psychological Needs, Locus of Control and Engagement
Authors: Betoret Fernando Doménech 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis study examines the relationships among psychological needs, locus of control and engagement in a sample of 282 Spanish secondary school teachers. Nine teacher needs were identified based on the study of Bess (1977) and on the Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000, 2002). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the construct selected for this study and their interrelationships were examined by conducting hierarchical regression analyses. An analysis of teacher responses using hierarchical regression reveals that psychological needs have significant positive effects on the three engagement dimensions (vigor, dedication and absorption). Furthermore, the results show the moderator role played by locus of control in the relationship between teacher psychological needs and the so-called core of engagement (vigor and dedication). Finally, practical implications are discussed.
Survey of Spanish Parents of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Decision-Making Factors Associated With Communication Modality and Bilingualism
Authors: Guiberson Mark 
Published: June 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the present study was (a) to describe factors and trends associated with Spanish parents' choice of communication modality and spoken-language bilingualism for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and (b) to identify if bilingual variables predict children's bilingual status in a country where bilingualism is common.MethodSeventy-one Spanish parents of children who are DHH completed an online survey that included questions about demographics, family and professional involvement and support, accessibility to information and services, and bilingual background and beliefs. Analyses were completed to describe groups and to examine how variables were associated with parents' decisions.ResultsThirty-eight percent of parents chose to raise their children to be spoken-language bilingual. Most parents indicated that they believed being bilingual was beneficial for their children and that children who are DHH are capable of becoming bilingual in spoken languages. Parent's bilingual score, beliefs about raising children who are DHH bilingually, and encouragement to do so, were significantly associated with children's bilingual status.ConclusionIn communities where bilingualism is common, bilingual parents will often choose to raise children who are DHH bilingual in spoken languages. Implications for practice and future studies in the United States are provided.
Effects of Signal Level and Spectral Contrast on Vowel Formant Discrimination for Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Woodall Ashley , Liu Chang 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine whether increasing the overall speech level or the individual spectral contrasts of vowel sounds can improve vowel formant discrimination for listeners both with and without normal hearing.

Method
Thresholds of vowel formant discrimination were examined for the F2 frequencies of 3 American English vowels for listeners with and without normal hearing. Spectral contrasts of the F2 were enhanced by 3, 6, and 9 dB. Vowel stimuli were presented at 70 and 90 dB SPL.

Results
The thresholds of listeners with hearing impairment were reduced significantly after spectral enhancement was implemented, especially at 90 dB SPL, whereas normal-hearing listeners did not benefit from spectral enhancement.

Conclusion
These results indicate that a combination of spectral enhancement of F2 and high speech level is most beneficial to improve vowel formant discrimination for listeners with hearing impairment.
The Effect of Hearing Loss on the Perception of Infant- and Adult-Directed Speech
Authors: Robertson Susie , von Hapsburg Deborah , Hay Jessica S. 
Published: June 2013

Purpose
Infant-directed speech (IDS) facilitates language learning in infants with normal hearing, compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). It is well established that infants with normal hearing prefer to listen to IDS over ADS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants with hearing impairment (HI), like their NH peers, show a listening preference for IDS over ADS.

Method
A total of 36 infants—9 HI infants (mean chronological age of 19.1 with mean listening age of 7.7 months), 9 NH infants with similar average listening age (7.8 months), and 9 NH infants with similar average chronological age (18.6 months)—were tested on their listening preference for IDS compared with ADS using the central fixation preference procedure.

Results
Infants with HI significantly preferred listening to IDS over ADS. The preference for IDS was also seen in the younger NH infants, but not older NH controls. Additionally, HI infants showed shorter overall looking times as compared to either NH group.

Conclusion
Although infants with hearing loss displayed a shorter looking time to speech compared to NH controls, HI infants nonetheless appear to have sufficient access to the speech signal to display a developmentally appropriate preference for IDS over ADS.
Compact UWB bandpass filter with reconfigurable notched band
Authors: Rabbi K. , Athukorala L. , Panagamuwa C. , Vardaxoglou J.C. , Budimir D. 
Published: June 2013

A compact bandpass filter is presented for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications with a reconfigurable notched band to reject unwanted signals from the WiMAX systems. A single pin diode is used for the purpose of switching the notch. An optical switch, comprised of a silicon dice activated using near infrared light is also investigated as an alternative to the pin diode. While the switch is in the ON state this reconfigurable filter behaves as a bandpass filter with a notch at 3.5 GHz and a full band response is obtained in the OFF state. The filter offers excellent performance for the lower‐band frequency of a UWB system, ranging from 3.1 to 5.0 GHz and exhibits very low passband insertion loss. Also, transmission zeros are generated at the passband edges to enhance the signal selectivity. A filter sample has been designed and fabricated to provide experimental verification on the proposed filter. A good agreement has been achieved between simulated and measured results with both the pin diode as well as the optical switch. The proposed reconfigurable filter with notched band was able to achieve 40% size reduction as compared to an embedded open‐circuited stub.
Transformation of the neural code for tactile detection from thalamus to cortex
Authors: Vázquez Yuriria , Salinas Emilio , Romo Ranulfo 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Place a hand on the hood of a car and ask, is it running or not? Answering this involves the sequential activation of many neurons, from mechanoreceptors under the skin to cortical neurons whose activity is closely related to the evoked internal sensation. We investigate how vibratory stimuli are represented in two steps along this processing chain during a detection task. We find that activity changes from a “literal” code, in which neural responses faithfully track the stimulus, to a more abstract and robust one, from which other neurons can more easily infer whether a stimulus was presented or not.
Modeling the Influence of Parr Predation by Walleyes and Brown Trout on the Long‐Term Population Dynamics of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan: A Stage Matrix Approach
Authors: Krueger Damon M. , Rutherford Edward S. , Mason Doran M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPredation events during ontogeny may have long‐term consequences for fish population abundance and variability. We used a stage‐based matrix model to evaluate Walleye Sander vitreus and Brown Trout Salmo trutta predation on Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha parr of the Muskegon River stock and the relative influence of parr predation on the long‐term population dynamics and recruitment of Chinook Salmon in Lake Michigan. The model predicted the number of Chinook Salmon individuals in each stage (fry, smolts, and lake age 0 [recruits] through lake age 4) and forecasted population trajectories based on demographic data (e.g., survival, growth, and fecundity). The relative influence of parr predation was compared with influences of environmental stochasticity in the egg stage and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus abundance (prey for lake‐stage salmon) on Chinook Salmon fecundity, recruitment, and population growth. To simulate environmental stochasticity and the influence of Alewife abundance, we varied Chinook Salmon stage‐specific survival rates, growth rates, maturity schedule, and carrying capacity. Relative to a baseline recruitment scenario, removal of stocked Brown Trout resulted in a significant increase in parr survival and long‐term Chinook Salmon abundance. Walleye predation on parr had little apparent influence on Chinook Salmon population dynamics. Predation on parr during out‐migration was positively correlated with variation in Chinook Salmon population stability and was negatively correlated with population growth, suggesting that Brown Trout have a significant negative effect on Chinook Salmon recruitment and long‐term population stability. The negative effects of variation in egg survival rates and Alewife abundance on Chinook Salmon recruitment and population growth rates were similar to the negative effects from parr predation scenarios. Our study suggests that management decisions to promote Great Lakes Chinook Salmon populations may require evaluation of trout stocking practices in nursery habitats.
Insights into population ecology from long‐term studies of red grouseLagopus lagopus scoticus
Authors: Martínez‐Padilla Jesus , Redpath Steve M. , Zeineddine Mohammed , Mougeot François 
Published: June 2013

SummaryLong‐term studies have been the backbone of population ecology. The red grouseLagopus lagopus scoticusis one species that has contributed widely to this field since the 1950s. This paper reviews the trajectory and profound impact that these studies have had.Red grouse research has combined long‐term studies of marked individuals with demographic studies over wide geographical areas and replicated individual‐ and population‐level manipulations.A main focus has been on understanding the causes of population cycles in red grouse, and in particular the relative importance of intrinsic (behaviour) and extrinsic (climate, food limitation and parasite) mechanisms.Separate studies conducted in different regions initially proposed either the nematode parasiteTrichostrongylus tenuisor changes in male aggressiveness in autumn as drivers of population cycles.More recent experiments suggest that parasites are not a necessary cause for cycles and have highlighted that behavioural and parasite‐mediated mechanisms are interrelated. Long‐term experiments show that parasites and aggressiveness interact.Two outstanding questions remain to be tested experimentally. First, what intrinsic mechanism causes temporal variation in patterns of male aggressiveness? The current favoured mechanism is related to patterns of kin structuring although there are alternative hypotheses. Second, how do the dual, interacting mechanisms, affect population dynamics?Red grouse studies have had an important impact on the field of population ecology, in particular through highlighting: (1) the impact of parasites on populations; (2) the role of intrinsic mechanisms in cyclic dynamics and (3) the need to consider multiple, interacting mechanisms.
Chronic Alcohol Consumption Increases the Expression of Uncoupling Protein‐2 and ‐4 in the Brain
Authors: Graw Jan A. , von Haefen Clarissa , Poyraz Deniz , Möbius Nadine , Sifringer Marco , Spies Claudia D. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundChronic alcohol consumption leads to oxidative stress in a variety of cells, especially in brain cells because they have a reduced oxidative metabolism of alcohol. Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are anion channels of the inner mitochondrial membrane, which can decouple internal respiration. “Mild uncoupling” of the mitochondrial respiratory chain leads to a reduced production of free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and a reduction in oxidative cell stress. The extent to which chronic alcohol consumption regulates UCP‐2 and ‐4 in the brain is still unknown.MethodsWe examined the effects of a 12‐week 5% alcohol diet in the brain of male Wistar rats (n = 34). Cerebral gene and protein expression of UCP‐2, ‐4, as well as Bcl‐2, and the release of cytochrome c out of the mitochondria were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. The percentage of degenerated cells was determined by Fluoro–Jade B staining of brain slices.ResultsBrains of rats with a chronic alcohol diet showed an increased gene and protein expression of UCP‐2 and ‐4. The expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 in the brain of the alcohol‐treated animals was decreased significantly, whereas cytochrome c release from mitochondria was increased. In addition increased neurodegeneration could be demonstrated in the alcohol‐treated animals.ConclusionsChronic alcohol consumption leads to a cerebral induction of UCP‐2 and ‐4 with a simultaneous decrease in the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2, cytochrome c release from mitochondria and increased neurodegeneration. This study reveals a compensatory effect of UCP‐2 and ‐4 in the brain during chronic alcohol consumption.
Loss of Control of Alcohol Use and Severity of Alcohol Dependence in Non‐Treatment‐Seeking Heavy Drinkers Are Related to Lower Glutamate in Frontal White Matter
Authors: Ende Gabriele , Hermann Derik , Demirakca Traute , Hoerst Mareen , Tunc‐Skarka Nuran , Weber‐Fahr Wolfgang , Wichert Svenja , Rabinstein Juri , Frischknecht Ulrich , Mann Karl , Vollstädt‐Klein Sabine 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundThe development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders (AUD) have been hypothesized to be associated with an imbalance of glutamate (GLU) homeostasis. White matter (WM) loss, especially in anterior brain regions, has been reported in alcohol dependence, which may involve disturbances in both myelin and axonal integrity. Frontal lobe dysfunction plays an important role in addiction, because it is suggested to be associated with the loss of control over substance use. This study investigated magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)‐detectable Glu levels in frontal WM of non‐treatment‐seeking heavy drinkers and its associations with AUD symptoms.MethodsSingle‐voxel MR spectra optimized for Glu assessment (TE 80 ms) were acquired at 3T from a frontal WM voxel in a group of heavy drinking, non‐treatment‐seeking subjects in comparison with a group of subjects with only light alcohol consumption.ResultsThe results corroborate previous findings of increased total choline in heavy drinking subjects. A negative association of Glu levels with severity of alcohol dependence and especially loss of control over time and amount of alcohol intake was observed.ConclusionsIn contrast to the rather unspecific rise in choline‐containing compounds, low Glu in frontal WM may be specific for the shift from nondependent heavy drinking to dependence and does not reflect a simple effect of the amount of alcohol consumption alone.
Measuring psychotic depression
Authors: Østergaard S. D. , Meyers B. S. , Flint A. J. , Mulsant B. H. , Whyte E. M. , Ulbricht C. M. , Bech P. , Rothschild A. J. ,   on behalf of the STOP‐PD Study Group
Published: June 2013

ObjectivePsychotic depression (PD) is a highly debilitating condition, which needs intensive monitoring. However, there is no established rating scale for evaluating the severity of PD. The aim of this analysis was to assess the psychometric properties of established depression rating scales and a number of new composite rating scales, covering both depressive and psychotic symptoms, in relation to PD.MethodThe psychometric properties of the rating scales were evaluated based on data from the Study of Pharmacotherapy of Psychotic Depression.ResultsA rating scale consisting of the 6‐item Hamilton melancholia subscale (HAM‐D6) plus five items from the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), named the HAMD‐BPRS11, displayed clinical validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient between HAMD‐BPRS11 and Clinical Global Impression – Severity (CGI‐S) scores = 0.79–0.84), responsiveness (Spearman's correlation coefficient between change in HAMD‐BPRS11 and Clinical Global Impression – Improvement (CGI‐I) scores = −0.74–−0.78) and unidimensionality (Loevinger's coefficient of homogeneity = 0.41) in the evaluation of PD. The HAM‐D6 fulfilled the same criteria, whereas the full 17‐item Hamilton Depression Scale failed to meet criteria for unidimensionality.ConclusionOur results suggest that the HAMD‐BPRS11 is a more valid measure than pure depression scales for evaluating the severity of PD.
Burning season effects on the short‐term post‐fire vegetation dynamics of a Mediterranean heathland
Authors: Céspedes Blanca , Luna Belén , Pérez Beatriz , Urbieta Itziar R. , Moreno José M. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractQuestionWhat are the short‐term (first 4 yrs) dynamics of a Mediterranean heathland following burning during the early‐ vs the late‐fire season?LocationSerra da Lousã, Central Portugal.MethodsThe vegetation studied was a 16‐year old heathland with Erica australis (resprouter), Pterospartum tridentatum (resprouter/seeder) and Erica umbellata (seeder) among the dominant species. Four blocks, each with three 50 m × 40 m plots, were established. One plot per block was burned during the early season (ES) and one during the late season (LS), and the third remained unburned. Prior to, and during the first 4 yrs after burning, each burned plot was sampled for species abundance, vigour and richness. The effects of fire through time were tested using random blocks repeated measures ANOVA. Recruitment was modelled as a function of percentage of post‐fire soil covered by litter (%). MANOVA was used to test changes in the relative dominance of the woody species due to fire. Community dynamics were assessed by NMDS ordination analysis.ResultsFire severity was higher and the percentage of post‐fire soil covered by litter lower in ES than LS burns. The post‐fire plant dynamics were dominated by the resprouting response. Resprouting was not affected by burning season, but ES fires resulted in higher seedling recruitment than LS fires, particularly in the dominant seeder E. umbellata. Seedling recruitment was negatively related to post‐fire soil covered by litter. Additionally, seedling emergence was delayed by nearly 1 yr in LS fires with respect to ES fires. Species richness was higher in ES than LS fires. Fire did not globally affect the relative abundance of the dominant species, although the seeder E. umbellata decreased its relative cover with respect to the other dominant species. Ordination analysis showed that the post‐fire dynamics of the vegetation were on a track of convergence with the community existing before fire.ConclusionBurning season differentially affected regeneration, mainly by its effect on seeding, with little effect on resprouting. Burning season and associated changes in fire severity and soil covered by litter could alter the short‐term regeneration dynamics, which can have important implications for managing this highly flammable vegetation.
Culture, Perception, and Artistic Visualization: A Comparative Study of Children's Drawings in Three Siberian Cultural Groups
Authors: Istomin Kirill V. , Panáková Jaroslava , Heady Patrick 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn a study of three indigenous and non‐indigenous cultural groups in northwestern and northeastern Siberia, framed line tests and a landscape drawing task were used to examine the hypotheses that test‐based assessments of context sensitivity and independence are correlated with the amount of contextual information contained in drawings, and with the order in which the focal and background objects are drawn. The results supported these hypotheses, and inspection of the regression relationships suggested that the intergroup variations in test performance were likely to result from differences in the attention accorded to contextual information, as revealed by the drawings. Social and environmental explanations for the group differences in context sensitivity are also discussed. The conclusions support the argument that cultural differences in artistic styles and perceptual tests reflect the same underlying perceptual tendencies, and they are consistent with the argument that these tendencies reflect corresponding differences in patterns of social and environmental interaction.