bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring global linguistic nuances: analyzing region-specific inflectional morpheme frequency in ICNALE
Authors: Dogar Maria Fatima , Saleem Tahir , Aslam Muhammad , Khan Shafaat Yar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates region-specific inflectional morpheme frequencies within the ICNALE Corpus, exploring significant global linguistic intricacies. Through a quantitative, corpus-based approach, it conducts a comprehensive contrastive analysis, leveraging the extensive accessibility of the online ICNALE. Despite inherent limitations in data collection primarily reliant on interviews and written compositions within the ICNALE Corpus, the study offers illuminating insights into how diverse linguistic backgrounds influence the usage of inflectional morphemes in English. The findings bring to light interesting patterns in possessive usage, reflecting variations among ESL learners in acquiring grammatical features. Additionally, it highlights complexities in acquiring comparative and superlative degrees, aligning with challenges encountered by learners in mastering specific inflections. Analyses of plural noun inflections, subject-verb agreement, past tense, past participle, and present participle usage underscore the multifaceted influences of language background, acquisition stages, and instructional emphasis on learners’ morphological patterns. Future inquiries could further investigate the impact of instructional methodologies on inflectional morpheme acquisition, undertake comparative studies across proficiency levels and age groups, explore morphological transfer from learners’ native languages, and deepen comprehension of cognitive processes guiding effective learning strategies. These endeavors hold promise in refining pedagogical methodologies and enriching language learning experiences for diverse learner cohorts.
Pharmacological interventions for pain management during arteriovenous fistula puncture in adults and adolescents undergoing maintenance haemodialysis: a systematic review
Authors: Arshad Abdul Rehman , Ijaz Umair , Rafique Babar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pain is a stressful experience for patients receiving haemodialysis through arteriovenous fistulas. This systematic review assessed the effectiveness of different pharmacological interventions for reducing pain during cannulation of arteriovenous fistulas among adolescents and adult patients with end-stage renal disease.

Methods
The protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (Registration number CRD42024497355). A PRISMA-compliant systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL and Google Scholar. The primary and secondary outcomes were a reduction in the severity of pain and incidence of side effects respectively.

Results
In total, 15 studies were included in this review, all of which had some or serious concerns about the risk of bias. Compared with EMLA, cryotherapy with ice packs at the fistula site was superior, with a pain intensity of 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.21, 1.89) points lower on the visual analogue scale, and there was no difference in the incidence of adverse effects. There was a greater reduction in pain intensity with EMLA cream than with piroxicam gel (mean difference 1.30; 95% confidence interval 0.68, 1.93). No difference in the incidence of adverse effects was noted. Compared with lidocaine spray, EMLA cream was associated with a lesser degree of pain (mean difference 2.09 points; 95% confidence interval 1.81, 2.38). Compared with placebo, cryotherapy with ice packs at the Hoku point was better, with a pain intensity of 2.53 (95% confidence interval 1.23, 3.83) points less on the visual analogue scale.

Conclusions
Available evidence supports the use of cryotherapy with ice packs and EMLA cream for reducing pain during cannulation of arteriovenous fistulas.
Dengue virus type 3 infection in a traveler returning from Costa Rica to Japan in 2023
Authors: Sasaki Tadahiro , Morita Ryo , Aoyama Ikuko , Baba Takashi , Goto Tetsushi , Kubota-Koketsu Ritsuko , Samune Yoshihiro , Nakayama Emi E. , Shioda Tatsuo , Shirano Michinori 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe number of dengue cases has increased dramatically in recent years. In Latin America, the number of cases and deaths in 2023 was the highest ever recorded. We report on a patient who had been infected with dengue virus during his stay in Costa Rica in September 2023, and developed the disease after returning to Japan. Plasma obtained from the patient was used for diagnosis and dengue virus serotyping by real-time PCR. The nucleotide sequence of the envelope region of dengue virus was then determined by the direct sequencing method, and this sequence was used for phylogenetic analyses. The patient was found to be infected with dengue virus type 3 genotype III. The sequence from the present case was more homologous with sequences registered in Florida, USA, associated with travel to Cuba in 2022 than with sequences registered in Costa Rica 10 years ago. The Pan American Health Organization reported that only dengue virus type 1 and 2 cases were reported in Costa Rica in 2019–2021, whereas dengue virus type 3 and 4 cases started being reported in 2022. In 2023, the reported numbers of cases with dengue virus types 3 and 4 exceeded those of dengue virus types 1 and 2. In addition, regional differences in endemic strains have been observed in Costa Rica. Our findings suggest that the dengue virus type 3 that infected the patient was more likely an influx of a strain that had been circulating in Caribbean countries such as Cuba in recent years, rather than a re-emergence of an indigenous virus in Costa Rica. The serotypes of dengue virus prevalent in Costa Rica have been changing since 2022. All four serotypes were prevalent in 2023, with a particularly sharp increase in the number of cases of dengue virus types 3 and 4. Future monitoring and surveillance are essential because changes in endemic serotypes can cause antibody-dependent enhancement, which can lead to severe dengue disease presentations.
Risk Factors in the Development of Very Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gallier-Birt Isabelle , White David , Ibekwe Kaldora 
Published: August 2024

AimsVery Late-Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis (VLOSLP) is a condition resembling schizophrenia, which has a first onset in individuals at age 60 or later. Understanding the risk factors associated with the development of this condition is crucial, given the increasing ageing population and the elevated mortality rate in VLOSLP patients compared with the general population. This scoping review aims to explore and map the risk factors associated with VLOSLP development and begin to identify potential mechanisms linking these factors through comprehensive literature searching, screening and data extraction.MethodsConducted as a scoping review; MEDLINE, Embase and APA PsycInfo were searched using the terms: “Very-Late Onset Schizophrenia-Like Psychosis”, “VLOSLP”, “Geriatric Psychosis” and “Geriatric Schizophrenia”. Inclusion criteria focused on psychosis with onset at 60 years or older and the identification of at least one potential risk factor. Studies were excluded which did not specifically refer to age of onset or concerned psychosis with an attributable organic cause. Thematic analysis was used to categorise risk factors into biological and psychosocial themes, followed by further organisation into specific subthemes.ResultsOut of 326 initial results, 41 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data analysis. Key risk factors included female gender, sensory impairment, social isolation, and migration, with potential interconnections identified between factors. Postulated mechanisms for the role of a risk factor in VLOSLP development recorded in the literature were included in the review. Mechanisms showed potential co-linkage between subthemes of risk factor. Migration status was also shown to impact gender as a risk factor, with male migrants experiencing higher rates of VLOSLP than their female counterparts. Thematic analysis highlighted how social isolation, a prominent risk factor, might be linked to, or reinforced by, sensory impairment, trauma, bereavement, and premorbid personality traits.ConclusionThe scoping review revealed that risk factors for VLOSLP span across biological, social, and psychological domains, with the findings contributing to the broader understanding of schizophrenia-like psychoses in the elderly population. Social isolation emerged as a widely-cited factor, reiterating the importance of managing risk factors for VLOSLP in vulnerable individuals via a holistic and multidisciplinary approach. Results bring attention to the bi-directional relationships between risk factors and psychotic illness, with perceived risk factors a potential consequence of the psychosis. In response to this, future work may involve large-cohort longitudinal studies to outline temporal relationships between risk factors and symptom development.
Disordered Eating and Service Contact in a Representative UK Sample
Authors: Geers Benjamin , Bould Helen , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin 
Published: August 2024

AimsAim 1: Identify the proportion of 11–19-year-olds in the Mental Health of Children and Young People 2017 survey screening positive for a possible eating problem, using the Development and Wellbeing Assessment.Aim 2: Describe patterns of service contact in individuals screening positive for possible eating problems.MethodsWe used data from the Mental Health of Children and Young People 2017 survey, a stratified probability sample of children and their parents and teachers across England. The screening questions from the Eating Disorders module of the Development and Wellbeing Assessment (DAWBA) was completed by all children aged 11–19, all parents of children ages 11–16 and parents of children ages 17–19 where consent was given. Individuals were classified as screening positive for possible eating problems if they had one or more self-reported symptoms, or two or more parent-reported symptoms. We describe the proportion of individuals screening positive by age, sex, co-morbidities, and household income.Individuals also answered questions about help seeking from different sources (in relation to any mental health concern). We classify these sources of support as informal, professional and specialist.We analysed all data using Stata 17.ResultsA total of 36.4% (95% CI 34.8, 38.1) of children and young people aged 11–17 in England screened positive for a possible eating problem, including 47.6% of females (95% CI 45.3, 50.0) and 25.6% of males (95% CI 23.7, 27.8). 60.7% (95% CI 57.9, 63.4) of individuals who screened positive reported that they received no help over the previous year; 13.1% (95% CI 11.2, 15.4) had received informal help only; 17.0% (95% CI 15.0, 19.3) had professional but not specialist help; and 9.13% (95% CI 7.67, 10.9) had received specialist help. High proportions of individuals who received support from formal services during the year prior to the survey screened positive for possible eating problems: 42.7% (95% CI 38.6, 47.0) for teachers, 46.9% (95% CI 40.9, 53.0) for GPs, 32.2% (95% CI 23.1, 42.9) for Paediatrics and Child Health and 50.0% (95% CI 43.1, 56.8) for Mental Health Services.ConclusionDespite high numbers of young people screening positive for a possible eating problem, rates of help seeking in this group were low. Conversely, high proportions of those seeking professional help have a possible eating problem.Clinicians should be aware of the high proportions of individuals with possible eating problems accessing their services. Future research should aim to increase help seeking in individuals with possible eating problems.
‘Well-Track’: Fitbit Based Sleep and Physical Activity Intervention for Severe Mental Illness (SMI) Patients
Authors: Griffiths Chris , Sheldon Alice , Smith Gerry , Walker Kate , Jiang Harmony 
Published: August 2024

AimsCompared with general population average, people experiencing severe mental illness (SMI) have lower levels of physical activity, high levels of sedation, and more sleep problems (Soundy et al. 2013; Vancampfort et al. 2015). This is linked to symptoms of depression, lower wellbeing, hopelessness, lower quality of life and physical health conditions, such as: cardiovascular disease (CVD), stroke, hypertension, osteoarthritis, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Rhodes et al. 2017; Schuch et al. 2017). Engaging in physical activity improves quality of life, psychotic symptomatology, cognition, functioning and physical health (Mittal et al. 2017). Improved sleep is associated with enhanced social interaction, feeling energised, and improved engagement in activities (Waite et al. 2016). NHS Long-Term Plan (2022) is to ensure that at least 80% of people with SMI receive an annual 12 point physical health check. Professor Helen Lester stated: 'Don't just screen, intervene'. There is an urgent need to provide interventions that improve the healthy lifestyles of people with SMI, but there is a lack of suitable and effective interventions. To be effective, interventions need to be individualised (Griffiths et al. 2021).Intervention and aimsWell-Track is the provision of a Fitbit and its software apps, sleep hygiene and physical activity guidance, motivational interviewing, workbook goal setting through three sessions with a health coach. Aim was to improve sleep, physical activity, wellbeing, and healthy lifestyles.MethodsOutcome measure data collection from baseline to 3 and 6 week follow-ups. Change in sleep quality and wellbeing were assessed in 50 participants, and participant feedback was obtained.ResultsImprovements were found in sleep quality and wellbeing. Most patients attended all three sessions and actively used the Fitbit and its software apps, guidance and workbook to set goals and to make positive changes to their lifestyle and daily routines to improve motivation, quality of sleep, and level of physical activity.ConclusionHealthy effective sleep and physical activity/exercise are important to SMI patients’ wellbeing and mental and physical health. A health coach successfully and fully integrated the Well-Track intervention into routine service provision. The intervention was beneficial, relatively easy and low cost to implement, and well-liked by patients and staff; and therefore, could be offered by all community mental health teams (CMHTs) and physical health check services. SMI services should consider and assess sleep and physical activity/exercise issues and promote healthy effective sleep and physical activity/exercise within a recovery focused practice.
Prevalence of Low Mood, Thoughts of Self-Harm and Suicidal Ideation in Women Affected by the Perimenopause and Menopause
Authors: Hendriks Olivia , Kamal Aini , Reisel Dan , Newson Louise , Saini Pooja 
Published: August 2024

AimsLow mood is a common clinical symptom during the perimenopause and menopause. However, the extent to which low mood in menopausal women intersects with thoughts of self-harm and suicidal ideation is largely unknown. In this study we aimed to explore these questions by using two different validated symptom scores.MethodsWe administered a modified version of the Greene Climacteric Symptom Questionnaire (Greene 1976) to all new patients attending the Newson Health Menopause and Wellbeing Clinic, Stratford-upon-Avon, between 1 September 2023 and 31 December 2023. Patients were also asked to complete the PHQ-9 symptom questionnaire, an instrument for diagnosing and measuring the severity of depression. Data were collected from electronic health records and analysed using descriptive statistics.Results1,212 patients were included in the study and completed the Greene Climacteric and PHQ-9 questionnaires at baseline and after 3 months. Mood and mental health symptoms including self-reported anxiety and depression affected 98% of patients. 16% of respondents indicated that they had thoughts of self-harm or suicidal ideation on at least some days in the 2 weeks prior to their initial appointment (Question 9 of the PHQ-9).ConclusionThe findings of our study demonstrate that negative mood symptoms are common in perimenopausal and menopausal women. 1 in 6 women reported thoughts of self-harm prior to initiation of HRT. Our observational data suggest that mood symptoms are highly prevalent and some women have severe symptoms and may experience suicidal ideation. Our findings should inform better mental health support and access to treatment for women experiencing negative mood symptoms in the menopause transition.
Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of First-Ever Admitted Psychiatric Inpatients in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Marzouqa Nizar , Alhroob Thaer , Alnammourah Wala , Oweina Layth , Awwad Asala 
Published: August 2024

AimsBethlehem Psychiatric Hospital is the only psychiatric hospital in the West Bank. Epidemiological data on mental health in Palestine is very limited due to the lack of research in this area. This study aims to evaluate the socio-demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of first-time admitted patients at Bethlehem Psychiatric Hospital over a year period.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bethlehem Psychiatric Hospital, reviewing the medical records of patients admitted for the first time between October 2022 and October 2023. Data collection was conducted manually by residents through an Excel sheet. Next, demographic characteristics (socioeconomic and demographic measures), relevant history (past medical, psychiatric, and forensic), presenting episode characteristics, and current hospitalization (admission, hospital stay, and discharge) were studied descriptively.ResultsOf the 140 patients admitted for the first time to the psychiatric hospital between October 2022 and October 2023, the mean age was 32.6, a majority (70%) were male, more than half were single, around two-thirds finished high school, and 13.6% had a university degree. Only 41.4% of patients were referred from a medical or legal source. The overwhelming majority of the patients had poor prior outpatient follow-up.Substance use was common (Tobacco: 63.8%, alcohol: 16.1%, and other substances: 26.4%). Family history of psychiatric illness was found in 40% of the cases, and prior imprisonment in 42%.The most common presenting complaints included: sleep disturbances (84.3%), and physical aggression (73.6%). Delusions were elicited in 72.9% (most commonly persecutory-paranoid, and least commonly grandiose and reference delusions). Hallucinations were present in 38.6% of admissions, auditory hallucinations were the most common. 15.4% had depressed mood, and 22.1% had current suicidal ideations.Involuntary admissions constituted 62.1% of all admissions. A third of urine drug tests, conducted in 68.6%, came back positive. Patients stayed a mean of 17.8 days. A diagnosis was reached in 82.1% of patients, the most common established diagnosis was Schizophrenia spectrum (42.9%). Around a third were discharged against medical advice.ConclusionThis is the first study conducted on Palestinian psychiatric inpatients. The results of this study suggest that most patients who are admitted had poor outpatient care. Delusions were elicited in the majority of patients, amongst different final diagnoses.There is a need for more research on Palestinian psychiatry, integrative social services, and better mental health regulations to protect the rights of mental health patients.
Real World Effectiveness of rTMS in Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Thanki Milind , Briley Paul , Ottahal Sarah , Lankappa Sudheer , Ul Haq Katshu Mohammad Zia 
Published: August 2024

AimsRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation recommended by NICE for treatment of depression with minimal side-effects and a high patient acceptability. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of rTMS in real world clinical service in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety.MethodsAll patients receiving rTMS in our Centre for Neuromodulation Services (CNS) received 5 daily treatment sessions a week for a period of 5 weeks (25 sessions in total). All patients routinely completed PHQ-9, BDI-II and GAD-7 measures before and after the course of treatment. The scores on these measures were retrospectively analysed using paired-sample t-test.ResultsAll 15 patients completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales while 10 patients completed BDI-II. Eleven patients (73%) had improved PHQ-9 scores post-treatment with average improvement of 5.5 points which was statistically significant [paired-sample t-test: t(14) = 3.019, p = 0.009]. Nine patients (90%) had improved BDI-II scores post-treatment with average reduction of 36% from baseline which was statistically significant [t(9) = 3.681, p = 0.005]. Eleven patients (73%) had improved GAD-7 scores post-treatment, with average reduction of 4 points. This reduction was also statistically significant [t(14) = 3.038, p = 0.009]. Improvement in all measures was also of a level that would be considered clinically significant for these measures. All patients tolerated the treatment well with no patients dropping out due to side effects.ConclusionWith the limitation of relatively small sample size, our initial analysis indicates that rTMS treatment offered in real world clinical service is effective in treating symptoms of depression. Although our protocol was not intended to treat anxiety, our patients had remarkable improvement in anxiety symptoms as well.