bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can urodynamics distinguish between urethral strictures and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)?
Authors: Bishara Samuel , Foley Charlotte , Peters John , Philp Tim , Malone-Lee James 
Published: January 2015

Objectives: We tested whether pressure flow studies could distinguish between patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures and hypothesised that urethral strictures were associated with a lower closure pressure and increased slope of the passive urethral relation compared to benign prostatic obstruction. Patients and method: Ninety patients who had Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP) and 45 male patients who had an optical urethrotomy or urethral dilatation for urethral stricture disease, who had a prior urodynamics study, were evaluated. Results: Patients with urethral stricture disease had lower closure pressures than those undergoing TURP (22.07 vs. 28.4 cmH2O, p=0.0039, r=0.61). However, the slope of the passive urethral relation was indistinguishable between the two groups. Only 60% of patients with symptomatic urethral strictures were categorised as unequivocally obstructed by the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram. Conclusion: Urethral strictures are associated with lower closure pressures than prostatic obstruction; however, there was no difference in the urethral resistance relation.
Factors Associated with Late Engagement to HIV Care in Western Kenya
Authors: Kwobah Charles Meja , Braitstein Paula , Koech Julius K. , Simiyu Gilbert , Mwangi Ann W. , Wools-Kaloustian Kara , Siika Abraham M. 
Published: January 2015

Background: Late presentation of patients contributes significantly to the high mortality reported in HIV -care and treatment programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess factors associated with late engagement to HIV care at the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare in western Kenya. Late engagement was defined as baseline CD4 ≤100 cells/mm3. Results: Of the 10 533 participants included in the analysis, 67% were female and mean age was 36.7 years. Overall, 23% of the participants presented late. Factors associated with late engagement included male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-1.75), older age (AOR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.56), and longer travel time to clinic (AOR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34). Conclusion: Nearly one-quarter of HIV-infected patients in our setting present with advanced immune suppression at initial encounter. Being male, older age, and living further away from clinic are associated with late engagement to care.
Can Improving Knowledge of Antibiotic-Associated Adverse Drug Events Reduce Parent and Patient Demand for Antibiotics?
Authors: Roberts Rebecca M. , Albert Alison P. , Johnson Darcia D. , Hicks Lauri A. 
Published: January 2015

Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, at least 2 million people are infected and 23,000 die each year in the United States as a result of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Antibiotic use is the most important factor contributing to antibiotic resistance and overuse is common, especially for upper respiratory tract infections. There is a perception among the public, as well as some health care providers, that antibiotics are harmless. We conducted formative research to explore patient and parent knowledge and attitudes relating to antibiotic use and adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods: Six computer-assisted telephone focus groups were conducted in October and November 2010 with adult patients and mothers of young children. The focus groups were developed to engage participants in discussion about their knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic resistance and ADEs associated with antibiotic use. Results: Nearly all mothers were familiar with the possibility of “side effects” with prescription medications, including antibiotics. However, very few mothers were familiar with severe antibiotic-associated ADEs and nearly all felt strongly that this information should be shared with parents at the time a prescription is recommended or written for their child. Adult participants did not believe that the potential for ADEs was a significant issue for adults and most reported never discussing the potential for adverse events with their provider. Conclusions: Parents were receptive to appropriate antibiotic use messaging around ADEs. We learned that ADE messages did not resonate with adults in the same way they did with mothers of young children.
Platelet transfusions in platelet consumptive disorders are associated with arterial thrombosis and in-hospital mortality
Authors: Goel Ruchika , Ness Paul M. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan , King Karen E. , Tobian Aaron A. R. 
Published: January 2015

Key PointsPlatelet transfusions are frequently administered to hospitalized patients with platelet consumptive/destructive disorders such as TTP, HIT, and ITP. Platelet transfusions are associated with higher odds of arterial thrombosis and mortality among TTP and HIT patients.
Anti-type II collagen immune complex-induced granulocyte reactivity is associated with joint erosions in RA patients with anti-collagen antibodies
Authors: Manivel Vivek Anand , Sohrabian Azita , Wick Marius C , Mullazehi Mohammed , Håkansson Lena Douhan , Rönnelid Johan 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with autoantibodies against collagen type II (CII) are characterized by acute RA onset with elevated inflammatory measures and early joint erosions as well as increased production of tumor necrosis factor-α (ΤΝF-α) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by anti-CII immune complexes (IC) in vitro. Polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMN) are abundant in RA synovial fluids, where they might interact directly with anti-CII IC in the articular cartilage, but no studies have investigated PMN responses towards anti-CII IC. The aim was to investigate whether PMN react towards anti-CII IC, and to what extent such reactivity might relate to the clinical acute onset RA phenotype associated with elevated levels of anti-CII.

Methods
PMN and PBMC isolated from healthy donors were stimulated with IC made with a set of 72 baseline patient sera (24 anti-CII positive, 48 anti-CII negative) chosen from a clinically well-characterized RA cohort with two-year radiological follow-up with Larsen scoring. PMN expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)11b, CD66b, CD16 and CD32 was measured by flow cytometry, whereas PMN production of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin (IL)-17, and PBMC production of ΤΝF-α was measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results
PMN expression of CD11b, CD66b and MPO, and PBMC production of ΤΝF-α were upregulated whereas PMN expression of CD16 and CD32 were downregulated by anti-CII IC. CD16, CD66b, and MPO production correlated to serum anti-CII levels (Spearman’s ρ = 0.315, 0.675 and 0.253, respectively). CD16 was associated with early joint erosions (P = 0.024, 0.034, 0.046 at baseline, one and two years) and CD66b was associated with changes in joint erosions (P = 0.017 and 0.016, at one and two years compared to baseline, respectively). CD66b was associated with baseline C-reactive protein and PBMC production of ΤΝF-α was associated with baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate, in accordance with our earlier findings. No clinical associations were observed for MPO or IL-17.

Conclusion
PMN responses against anti-CII IC are more closely associated with early joint erosions than are PBMC cytokine responses. PMN reactivity against anti-CII IC may contribute to joint destruction in newly diagnosed RA patients with high levels of anti-CII.
A BIM-based monitoring system for urban deep excavation projects
Authors: Wu I-Chen , Lu Siang-Rou , Hsiung Bin-Chen 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Background
Deep excavations in urban areas have the potential to cause unfavorable effects on ground stability and nearby structures. Thus, it is necessary to evaluate and monitor the environmental impact during deep excavation construction processes. Generally, construction project teams will set up monitoring instruments to control and monitor the overall environmental status, especially during the construction of retaining walls, main excavations, and when groundwater is involved. Large volumes of monitoring data and project information are typically created as the construction project progresses, making it increasingly difficult to manage them comprehensively.

Methods
To address the abovementioned issues, this project develops a Building Information Model (BIM)-based monitoring system to integrate and visualize monitoring data for risk assessments during urban deep excavation projects. A BIM can be used to establish a comprehensive model of managing a construction project. The system developed herein can access required data from BIM models, and allow complicated numerical data to be displayed effectively in an easily understandable visual format. It is composed of intelligent building components, which includes data attributes and parametric rules for each object. This system can provide a construction project team with a full monitoring view of the ongoing project, along with functions to integrate the information and display it in various ways to present complex engineering monitoring information quickly and clearly.

Results
Testing examples of the developed system on the excavation of the O6 station in the Kaohsiung metro system in Taiwan are presented to illustrate the improvements of safety management for adjacent structures in urban deep excavation projects. The risks and issues affecting the safety of excavation activities and proximal structures during a project can be identified earlier through effective visualization of information in the system, enabling construction project teams to address them promptly and appropriately by performing accurate risk assessments and decision making.

Conclusions
This system assists construction project teams in identifying and understanding possible blind spots when attempting to achieve risk assessments during urban deep excavation projects, and further enables the adoption of mitigation measures to reduce risk levels.
Population structure of Hirundichthys oxycephalus in the northwestern Pacific inferred from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene
Authors: Chou Chang-En , Liao Te-Yu , Chang Hsueh-Wen , Chang Shui-Kai 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundHirundichthys oxycephalusis an important flyingfish resource in eastern Taiwan and northwestern Japan. A substantial catch decline in Taiwan has caused serious concerns on stock status of the fish, prompting the government to impose a set of regulations on flyingfish egg fishery since 2008. However, the regulations were set in a precautionary manner, without considering the fundamental understanding of the population genetic structure. This study aims to investigate the population genetic structure ofH. oxycephalusin the region based on mtDNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene and to thus provide scientific information for sustainable management of the resource.ResultsTissue samples (156) from six localities of eastern Taiwan and western Japan were collected, and 616 bp of mtDNA COI gene were sequenced. Seventy haplotypes were determined, and the haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were estimated as 0.93% and 0.57%, respectively. Results of various statistical analyses suggested that the genetic differentiations among the six localities were small and most variation occurred within populations, indicating a high gene flow in the region with undergoing population expansion. Although the study showed that the fishes were genetically divided into two groups, the support was low and the separation was not geologically evident.ConclusionsThe study revealed two groups ofH. oxycephalusin the northwestern Pacific Ocean. However, due to high gene flow, an association of either group to a spatial distribution was not observed, and so the two groups may be considered as one population. Thus, the results favored the conclusion thatH. oxycephalusfrom eastern Taiwan and western Japan belong to the same population and, consequently, that the management unit of the current regulations only covering eastern Taiwan does not match the spatial structure of the population. Rather, the results suggest that joint efforts from countries within the population boundary are necessary to maintain a sustainable exploitation.
Spatial and temporal changes in zooplankton abundance, biovolume, and size spectra in the neighboring waters of Japan: analyses using an optical plankton counter
Authors: Sato Kaede , Matsuno Kohei , Arima Daichi , Abe Yoshiyuki , Yamaguchi Atsushi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Background
An optical plankton counter (OPC) was used to examine spatial and temporal changes in the zooplankton size spectra in the neighboring waters of Japan from May to August 2011.

Results
Based on the zooplankton biovolume of equivalent spherical diameter (ESD) in 45 bins for every 0.1 mm between 0.5 and 5.0 mm, a Bray-Curtis cluster analysis classified the zooplankton communities into six groups. The geographical distribution of each group varied from each of the others. Groups with a dominance of 4 to 5 mm ESD were observed in northern marginal seas (northern Japan Sea and Okhotsk Sea), while the least biovolume with a dominance of a small-size class (0.5 to 1 mm) was observed for the Kuroshio extension. Temporal changes were observed along the 155° E line, i.e., a high biovolume group dominated by 2 to 3 mm ESD during May shifted to other size spectra groups during July to August. These temporal changes were caused by the seasonal vertical descent of dominant large Neocalanus copepods during July to August. As a specific characteristic of the normalized biomass size spectra (NBSS), the slope of NBSS was moderate (−0.90) for the Neocalanus dominant spring group but was at −1.11 to −1.24 for the other groups. Theoretically, the slope of the NBSS of the stable marine ecosystem is known to settle at approximately −1.

Conclusions
Based on the analysis by OPC, zooplankton size spectra in the neighboring waters of Japan were separated into six groups. Most groups had −1.11 to −1.24 NBSS slopes, which were slightly higher than the theoretical value (−1). However, one group had a moderate slope of NBSS (−0.90) caused by the dominance of large Neocalanus copepods.
Isolation of a Photochemically Unstable Product by Inner Filtering of Liquid–Liquid Slug Flow in a Microreactor
Authors: Yamashita Toshiaki , Inoue Motohiro , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Photocycloaddition of 2-cyclopenten-1-one with 2,5-dihydrofuran was performed in a microreactor using the liquid–liquid slug flow consisting of water and an organic solvent to give a photochemically unstable cyclobutane, which was successfully isolated by protection using an inner filtering agent in the organic solution.
Facile Synthesis of Deuterium-Labelled Geranylgeraniols
Authors: Totsuka Yusuke , Ueda Shota , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Shinada Tetsuro 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Facile and stereoselective syntheses of three different kinds of deuterium-labelled geranylgeraniol analogs have been achieved. LiAlD4 is used as the deuterium source to ensure high deuterium incorporation. [8,8-d2]- and [9,9-d2]-geranylgeraniols have been prepared for the first time. [10-d]-geranylgeraniol was efficiently prepared with a high degree of deuterium incorporation.
The Nickel(II)-Catalyzed Direct Benzylation, Allylation, Alkylation, and Methylation of C–H Bonds in Aromatic Amides Containing an 8-Aminoquinoline Moiety as the Directing Group
Authors: Aihara Yoshinori , Wuelbern Jendrik , Chatani Naoto 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Direct alkylation via the cleavage of the ortho C–H bonds by a nickel-catalyzed reaction of aromatic amides containing an 8-aminoquinoline moiety as the directing group with alkyl halides is reported. Various alkyl halides, including benzyl, allyl, alkyl, and methyl halides (or pseudo halides) participate as electrophilic coupling partners. The reaction shows a high functional group compatibility. The reaction proceeds in a highly regioselective manner at the less hindered C–H bonds in the reaction of meta-substituted aromatic amides, irrespective of the electronic nature of the substituent. The mechanism responsible for the C–H alkylation reaction is discussed based on the results obtained in a variety of mechanistic experiments.
Hydroxylation of Phenol on Iron-Containing Mesoporous Silica with Hierarchical Macroporous Architecture
Authors: Kamegawa Takashi , Ando Takahiro , Ishiguro Yasushi , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Iron-containing mesoporous silica with hierarchical macroporous architecture (Fe-MMS) was prepared by applying a solvent evaporation method. In the hydroxylation of phenol with H2O2, the advantageous structure of Fe-MMS realized the higher selectivity for formation of dihydroxybenzene (catechol and hydroquinone) as compared to Fe-containing mesoporous silica (Fe-MS).
Active learning and decision making: an introduction to the collection
Authors: Gottlieb Jacqueline , Lopes Manuel , Oudeyer Pierre-Yves 
Published: January 2015

The importance of exploratory behaviors by which agents actively sample information has been long appreciated in a wide range of disciplines ranging from machine and robot learning to neuroscience and psychology. Given the complexity of these behaviors, progress in understanding them will require a confluence of ideas from these multiple fields. This collection of articles in F1000Research aims to provide a home for a broad range of studies addressing this topic, including full length research articles, brief communications, single figure studies, and review/opinion articles, and studies using computational, behavioral or neural approaches. Here, we provide an introduction to the collection which we hope will grow and become a valuable resource for the researchers exploring this topic.
‘…behind a screen’: Early intercultural exchange in the Yokohama treaty port and the Michael Moss court case (1860)
Authors: Proshan Chester 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In the late 1850s, western powers ‘imposed’ treaty ports on Japan, ending 200 years of Japanese near seclusion from international exchange. Western modernity and traditional Japanese society suddenly and sharply intermixed in the treaty ports. In 1860, a criminal court case was held in the Yokohama Treaty Port involving British and Japanese. The case provides a window on a Japanese early encounter with westerners and western culture. This article takes up the court case’s preliminary examination, addressing how Japanese prosecutors and witnesses engaged the culturally uncharted and potentially vexed circumstances they found themselves in.
What text can tell us about male and female characters in shōjo- and shōnen-manga
Authors: Unser-Schutz Giancarla 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
The manner in which manga can reflect and influence readers’ gender perceptions has been a frequently researched issue. This article is an attempt to consider those questions through language, a traditionally less-examined element, in order to shed new light on how male and female characters are used in manga. To do so, I use a linguistic corpus of ten popular shōjo-manga and shōnen-manga to look at (1) how much of the text found in speech bubbles was spoken by male and female characters; and (2) how many characters were seen. With regards to approximately 80% of all text, the corpus shows that shōnen-manga are extremely skewed towards male characters, compared to shōjo-manga, which is more balanced between female and male characters. While many more characters appear in shōnen-manga, the majority are male. Furthermore, only two female characters in all of the shōnen-manga series account for more than 10% of text, whereas all the shōjo-manga have male characters accounting for over 12%.
In examining why this might be, I suggest that the focus on interpersonal relationships – including both friendship and romance – in shōjo-manga may lead to a smaller cast of characters and better balance between male and female characters. However, with authors usually writing for their own gender, I also maintain that it is related to differences in the roles of women and men in Japanese society. These distributions also have an impact on characterization itself, particularly in regards to the use of gendered speech patterns. With insight from Kinsui’s yakuwari-go, or role-playing language (2003), I specifically argue that the results predict that shnōen-manga will use more stereotypical speech, particularly in depicting female characters. In offering supporting evidence for this hypothesis, I suggest that this may affect how readers engage with the characters, thus creating different types of reading experiences within the genres. Through this discussion, it will become clear that linguistic data can shed light into how characters are manipulated in manga on a variety of levels, thus appealing to its potential as a legitimate and unique approach to manga research.
A Japanese engineer who became a Taiwanese deity: Postcolonial representations of Hatta Yoichi
Authors: Amae Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Hatta Yoichi (1886–1942) was a Japanese engineer who designed and oversaw the construction of a massive reservoir in southern Taiwan, completed in 1930. He is a widely celebrated figure in present-day Taiwan, an island once ruled by Japan (1895–1945). Hatta is featured in books, music, manga, an animation film, a TV drama, a dance drama and a play. He has been deified; every year on 8 May, admirers flock in the hundreds to the Wushantou Reservoir to pay tribute to the famed engineer. In recent years, Wushantou has become a popular tourist attraction for both Japanese and Taiwanese. What is often overlooked, however, is the fact that Hatta, as a widely known figure, is a new discovery and modern invention; until the late 1980s, the famed engineer was virtually absent from public discourse and memory.
This article examines how Hatta is represented in present-day popular culture, as well as how his legacy has been culturally produced and consumed by different civic and political groups in both Taiwan and Japan. This study demonstrates that new meanings have been added through the ongoing process of productions and consumptions, making the Japanese engineer look very different from who he was historically.
Approaching transnational Chinese queer stardom as zhongxing (‘neutral sex/gender’) sensibility
Authors: Li Eva Cheuk-yin 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
A generation of female queer stars has emerged in post-millennial transnational Chinese popular culture. They have amassed many female followers. Among these stars are Mainland China’s Chris Lee, Hong Kong’s Denise Ho and Taiwan’s Jing Chang. These celebrities are often characterized as ‘zhongxing’, which literally means ‘neutral sex and/or gender’, because of their non-normative gender and ambiguous sexual representation. This article aims to develop a lens to approach this emergence of queer stars and its sociocultural implications. Considering the genealogy of zhongxing and its historical relevance and taking on the reflections of Anglo-American queer theory, this article justifies the use of zhongxing over the usual English term ‘androgyny’. Recent media scholarship on Chinese queer stardom has provided an insightful entry point to this phenomenon. In this article, zhongxing is conceptualized as a sensibility for its liminal status as a non-identity category and non-sexual practice. It is ambiguous but also gradually being stabilized and shaped as specific forms of embodiment, a quest for individuality and reflexive authenticity, and an emerging queer feeling. The potentiality of zhongxing sensibility, as suggested by preliminary interview data, invites further research in the affective texture of everyday life and the transforming contours of gender and sexuality in transnational Chinese societies.