bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Oil Field Experience: An Overview and a Case Study
Authors: Al-Jasmi A. , Qiu Fangda , Ali Zaki 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Digital Field technology has become the standard for green field development in the industry and brown fields are in the progress toward it. In this paper, the digital oilfield (DOF) technology will be outlined and one of the ongoing projects will be used as the case study.
The digital field technology has evolved from only gathering data to making online analysis and real time optimization in the past forty years. The industry also leverages the platform to reduce OPEX and CAPEX by applying engineering workflows. The workflows could either replace human work with more efficient and quality job or provide proactive operation and foreseeable optimization advice. At the same time, the E&P industry are going to face more and more high frequency and high volume data challenges from technical side and change management challenges from non-technical side. The lesson learnt and successful experience will also be presented.
The case study in this paper addresses the achievement of building digital field platform in one of the biggest digital oilfield projects in the world-Kuwait Intelligent Digital Field (KwIDF) project. The scenario or requirements are different form field to field around the world while customized workflows could always help operator -to work efficiently. In this project, the digital field platform not only make Kuwait Oil Company(KOC) to reduce the non-production time more than 50% and promote HSE standard to a higher level but also assist engineers to make better decision by applying production and operation workflows powered by the engineering software.
The paper will also address the standing on the current digital oilfield development stage to overview the three components: the people, process and technology.
Securing Process Control and SCADA Networks Using Enterprise Tools and Techniques
Authors: Arutyunov Roman 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The tools and techniques used to defend the communication networks of financial institutions, other large corporations and federal government agencies from cyber-attacks can also secure process control and SCADA networks. This paper describes how enterprise security tools such as firewalls, IP Security (IPsec) virtual private networks (VPNs), Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) encryption and RADIUS authentication, in addition to techniques such as defense-in-depth and event log audits, can defend field process control and SCADA networks against cyber-attacks.
Modern process control and SCADA systems require two-way information flow to increase business and process interaction. Oil exploration, production and refining sites are turning to Internet Protocol (IP)-based wireless networks to monitor and control thousands of devices such as programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and SCADA endpoints. While IP networks provide substantial value, they come with fear of increased exposure to cyber-attacks.
However, IP networks also confer security advantages. The tools and techniques used to thwart cyber-attacks on IP networks have been honed for years by enterprises and are constantly updated to battle emerging threats. For over a decade, enterprises have faced, and have largely been successful in defending against, the security challenges that now confront IP-based process control and SCADA networks. Proven and time-tested tools and techniques are available to combat cyber-attacks. Enterprises with stringent security requirements have transitioned to IP while strengthening their security capabilities. Industry standard tools can provide cyber security for process control and SCADA networks that is comparable to that of the most mission-critical enterprise networks in the world.
IP-based process control and SCADA networks provide many advantages. By securing these networks using enterprise tools and techniques, oil exploration, production and refining companies can reap the benefits of IP networking while simultaneously enhancing cyber-security.
Pressure Transient Analysis Of Data From Permanent Downhole Gauges
Authors: Al-Buraikan M. M. , Al-Hashim H. S. , Issaka M. B. , Al-Yousef H. Y. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In recent years there has been a significant growth in the number of Permanent Downhole Measurement System (PDHMS) installations in oil and gas fields around the world, as PDHMS prices have been falling steadily and their reliability has also been increasing.
However, the full benefits of this investment can only be realized when it is taken from simple surveillance and monitoring to a source for reservoir characterization. This study assesses the systems and workflows that have been put in place to transform the massive amounts of data, including pressure, flow rate and temperature, into actionable information to improve field development and performance. This study presents a dynamic real-time well testing workflow for utilizing data from from intelligent fields. It discusses the applicability of pressure transient analysis using I-Field data from Permanent Downhole Gauges to characterize reservoir and well performance.
While seeking to develop an efficient workflow for the utilization of the real-time data for pressure transient analysis, the study also seeks to assess the effects of producing time, flow rate simplification, and data interruptions on the reliability of the analysis methods and results.
Actual real-time pressure data from PDHMS, and flow rate data Multi-Phase Flow Meters (MPFM) were used in the analyses, to determine reservoir parameters and evaluate well performance. This study highlights some of the challenges in using real-time data from PDHMS and MPFM. A commercially available software product was used to filter, and manage the real-time data, as well as the modeling and analysis of the test data.
Childhood Determinants of Adult Psychiatric Disorder
Authors: Fryers Tom , Brugha Traolach 
Published: March 2013

The aim of this project was to assess the current evidence from longitudinal studies for childhood determinants of adult mental illness. Because of the variable and often prolonged period between factors in childhood and the identification of mental illness in adults, prospective studies, particularly birth cohorts, offer the best chance of demonstrating associations in individuals.A review was undertaken in 2006 of the published literature from longitudinal studies, together with some large-scale retrospective studies and relevant reviews which provided supplementary evidence. The main focus was upon potentially ameliorable characteristics, experiences or situations of childhood; however, other factors, not determinants but pre-cursors, associated with later mental illness could not be left out.Seven major electronic data-bases of published research were interrogated with a range of key-words and the results supplemented from personal searches, enquiries and reference trails. In excess of 1,500 abstracts were read to select 250 papers for full review. The material was assessed in relation to ten factors:Psychological disturbance; Genetic Influences; Neurological Deviance; Neuroticism; Behaviour; School Performance; Adversity; Child Abuse or Neglect; Parenting and parent-child relationships; Disrupted and Disfunctional Families.In 2011 the search was repeated for the period 2006 to mid-2011, using the same search terms and supplemented in the same manner. Over 1,800 abstracts emerged and almost 200 papers selected for more detailed review. These were then integrated into the original text with modifications where necessary. The whole text was then revised and edited in January / February 2012.There is continuing evidence for the association with later mental ill-health for each of these ten factors, but with different degrees of conviction. The evidence for each is discussed in detail and weighed both separately and in relation to others. These are then summarised, and the research implications are considered. Finally, the implications for prevention are discussed together with the practical potential for preventive and health-promoting programmes.
Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya
Authors: Giweli Abdulhmid , Džamić Ana , Soković Marina , Ristić Mihailo , Marin Petar 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The composition of essential oil isolated from Thymus algeriensis growing wild in Libya was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized with thymol (38.50%) as the major component. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and compared to thymol and carvacrol. Antioxidant activity was high, with the IC50 of 0.299 mg/ml, compared to 0.403 and 0.105 mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and 0.0717 mg/ml for BHA. In addition, antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and eight fungi. T. algeriensis oil showed inhibitory activity against tested bacteria at 0.001–0.05 mg/ml, while bactericidal activity (MBC) was achieved at 0.0025–0.05 mg/ml. For antifungal activity MICs ranged 0.0005–0.025 mg/ml and MFC 0.001–0.05 mg/ml. High antimicrobial activity against the fungi in particular suggests that the essential oil of Thymus algeriensis could have a useful practical application.
The genetic structure of the Lithuanian wolf population
Authors: Baltrūnaitė Laima , Balčiauskas Linas , Åkesson Mikael 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Lithuanian wolves form part of the larger Baltic population, the distribution of which is continuous across the region. In this paper, we evaluate the genetic diversity of the Lithuanian wolf population using mitochondrial DNA analysis and 29 autosomal microsatellite loci. Analysis of the mtDNA control region (647 bp) revealed 5 haplotypes distributed among 29 individuals and high haplotype diversity (0.658). Two haplotypes were distributed across the country, whilst the others were restricted to eastern Lithuania. Analysis of microsatellites revealed high heterozygosity (HE=0.709) and no evidence for a recent bottleneck. Using detection of first generation migrants, four individuals appeared to assign better with populations genetically differentiated from those resident in Lithuania. These immigrants were males carrying rare mitochondrial haplotypes and were encountered in the eastern part of the country, this indicates that Lithuania is subject to immigration from differentiated populations. Additionally, we did not detect any signs of recent hybridisation with dogs.
Molecular Docking Study on the Binding Mode of Cardioselective Phenoxyaminopropanol Blocker into β-adrenergic Receptor Subtypes
Authors: Polakovičová M. , Čižmáriková R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStructural understanding of subtype specific ligand-binding pocket variations and interactions of ligand with receptor may facilitate design of novel selective drugs. To gain insights into the subtype selectivity of β-blockers we performed flexible molecular docking study to analyze the interaction mode of cardioselective phenoxyaminopropanol blocker into the β1 and β2-adrenergic receptor. The binding site analysis reveals a strong identity between important amino acid residues and interactions with ligand in orthosteric catecholamine- binding pocket. The differences in the binding mode of selective ligand have been identified in the extracellular region of receptor subtypes.
Developing Online Continuing Education Content for Enhancing Caring Among Taiwan Nurses
Authors: Hsu Tzu-Chuan , Turton Michael A. , Cheng Su-Fen , Lee-Hsieh Jane 
Published: March 2013

Background:
To promote the quality of nursing care, a hospital in Taiwan committed to implementing its SHARE framework for clinical practice. This study was conducted to develop caring content for the SHARE framework in the form of online continuing education videos.

Methods:
Five focus group interviews were conducted with 19 exemplary nurses. A constant comparative method was used to extract caring themes that were integrated into the five components of SHARE: S: Sense patient’s needs; H: Help patient out; A: Acknowledge patient’s feelings; R: Respect patient’s dignity and privacy; E: Explain what is happening.

Results:
Concrete caring behaviors consistent with SHARE were identified. Real-world scenarios were used to produce five videos demonstrating the components of SHARE for use in online caring education.

Conclusion:
This project offers a new strategy for strengthening caring behavior in nurse–patient interactions and may help to establish a model for caring in nursing continuing education in Taiwan.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(4):186–192.
Analysis of Age-Dependence of the Anterior and Posterior Cornea With Scheimpflug Imaging
Authors: Nemeth Gabor , Hassan Ziad , Szalai Eszter , Berta Andras , Modis Laszlo 
Published: March 2013

PURPOSE:
To assess keratometric and higher-order aberrations of the anterior and posterior cornea and their age-related changes.

METHODS:
This study investigated one healthy eye of 227 patients (mean age: 55.15 ± 21.2 years; range: 16 to 90 years; 135 right eyes, 92 left eyes). Images were captured from each eye with Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) using automatic mode. Keratometric, astigmatism data, and corneal higher-order aberrations were analyzed.

RESULTS:

With respect to laterality, no deviance was found in any of the parameters (
P
> .05). Mean refractive error was 0.52 ± 0.23 diopters. The level of astigmatism decreased significantly with advancing age for both the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces (
P
< .05). The overall root mean square of the higher-order aberration increased continuously with age (r = 0.517;
P
< .01), which can be explained by the combined effect of the increased in both the anterior and posterior corneal root mean square higher-order aberrations. Of the higher-order aberrations, the constant increase of the primary and secondary spherical aberration with aging (
P
< .01) is caused by the spherical aberration growth of the anterior surface. Apart from these, only the vertical coma aberration of the posterior surface and the vertical trefoil aberrations of both the anterior and posterior surfaces showed a significantly positive correlation with aging (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal astigmatism showed a significant decrease with aging. Of the higher-order aberrations, primary and secondary spherical aberrations, vertical coma, and vertical trefoil significantly increase with age, whereas other higher-order aberrations show no correlation with aging.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(5):326–331.]
Prolégomènes à la phraséologie comparée en langue de spécialité : exemple de l’anglais et du français de la finance
Authors: Resche Catherine 
Published: March 2013

La phraséologie comparée est le prolongement logique et le complément de la terminologie comparée. Elle permet une approche plus complète de la réalité langagière de la langue de spécialité. L’unité phraséologique est constituée d’un terme-noyau et de cooccurrents dont la sélection est examinée ici à la lumière de différents critères : fréquence, prévisibilité, connaissance du public cible, de son niveau en langues et de ses besoins... Les questions soulevées sont étayées par l’étude des UP ayant pour termes-noyaux inflation, croissance, et taux d’intérêt dans les deux langues. Le problème pratique de la conception de la fiche phraséo-terminologique bilingue est envisagé. Si la phraséologie peut apporter une aide précieuse à l’étudiant et à l’enseignant d’une langue de spécialité, mais aussi au traducteur ou au spécialiste. En enrichissant l’analyse notionnelle effectuée dans une optique terminologique d’une dimension fonctionnelle illustrée par les unités phraséologiques répertoriées, elle ne permet pas encore de rendre compte de toute la complexité d’une langue de spécialité. Pour atteindre ce but, une description systématique de la syntaxe s’avère nécessaire.
Les éoliennes : vertes et vertueuses ?
Authors: Hugh-Jones Christine 
Published: March 2013

Les turbines éoliennes, qui sont devenues un élément industriel caractéristique des campagnes européennes, sont de plus en plus controversées. D’âpres batailles ont lieu localement au sujet de projets de parcs éoliens, et des alliances se nouent autour de cet enjeu entre des particuliers et des groupes, qui, bien que se référant à des systèmes de valeurs radicalement différents – pro et antiéoliens –, n’en appellent pas moins aux mêmes notions de « communauté locale » et de justice sociale. Cet article s’appuie sur des exemples britanniques pour montrer comment un secteur industriel de plus en plus riche et puissant est parvenu à manipuler le concept « vert » pour convaincre des partis politiques, le mouvement écologiste traditionnel et des organisations de sauvegarde de la nature que l’énergie éolienne était un impératif moral. Cette présomption a eu pour conséquence une politique d’aménagement du territoire encourageant la construction de turbines éoliennes, et étouffant le débat au niveau national.
Novel Function of Trim44 Promotes an Antiviral Response by Stabilizing VISA
Authors: Yang Bo , Wang Jie , Wang Yanming , Zhou Haiyan , Wu Xiaodong , Tian Zhigang , Sun Bing 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) functions as a critical adaptor in the regulation of both the production of type I IFNs and the subsequent control of the innate antiviral response. In this study, we demonstrate that tripartite motif (Trim)44 interacts with VISA and promotes VISA-mediated antiviral responses. The overexpression of Trim44 enhances the cellular response to viral infection, whereas Trim44 knockdown yields the opposite effect. Trim44 stabilizes VISA by preventing VISA ubiquitination and degradation. These findings suggest that Trim44 functions as a positive regulator of the virus-triggered immune response by enhancing the stability of VISA.
Critical Role of ASC Inflammasomes and Bacterial Type IV Secretion System in Caspase-1 Activation and Host Innate Resistance to Brucella abortus Infection
Authors: Gomes Marco Tulio R. , Campos Priscila C. , Oliveira Fernanda S. , Corsetti Patricia P. , Bortoluci Karina R. , Cunha Larissa D. , Zamboni Dario S. , Oliveira Sergio C. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Pathogens are detected by innate immune receptors that, upon activation, orchestrate an appropriate immune response. Recent studies revealed the intracellular signaling cascades involved in the TLR-initiated immune response to Brucella abortus infection. However, no report has elucidated the role of inflammasome receptors in Brucella recognition. Therefore, we decided to investigate the function of NLRC4, NLRP3, and AIM2 in sensing Brucella. In this study, we showed that NLRC4 is not required to induce caspase-1 activation and further secretion of IL-1β by B. abortus in macrophages. In contrast, we determined that AIM2, which senses Brucella DNA, and NLRP3 are partially required for caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Additionally, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species induced by Brucella were implicated in IL-1β production. Furthermore, AIM2, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 knockout mice were more susceptible to B. abortus infection than were wild-type animals, suggesting that multiple ASC-dependent inflammasomes contribute to host protection against infection. This protective effect is due to the inflammatory response caused by IL-1β and IL-18 rather than pyroptosis, because we observed augmented bacterial burden in IL-1R and IL-18 knockout mice. Finally, we determined that bacterial type IV secretion system VirB and live, but not heat-killed, Brucella are required for full inflammasome activation in macrophages during infection. Taken together, our results indicate that Brucella is sensed by ASC inflammasomes that collectively orchestrate a robust caspase-1 activation and proinflammatory response.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Regulate Growth of Multiple Myeloma by Inhibiting T Cells in Bone Marrow
Authors: Ramachandran Indu R. , Martner Anna , Pisklakova Alexandra , Condamine Thomas , Chase Tess , Vogl Thomas , Roth Johannes , Gabrilovich Dmitry , Nefedova Yulia 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are one of the major factors limiting the immune response in cancer. However, their role in bone marrow (BM), the site of primary localization of multiple myeloma (MM), is poorly understood. In this study, we found a significant accumulation of CD11b+CD14−CD33+ immunosuppressive MDSC in BM of patients with newly diagnosed MM. To assess the possible role of MDSC in MM, we used immunocompetent mouse models. Immunosuppressive MDSC accumulated in BM of mice as early as 1 wk after tumor inoculation. S100A9 knockout (KO) mice, which are deficient in their ability to accumulate MDSC in tumor-bearing hosts, demonstrated reduced MDSC accumulation in BM after injection of MM cells compared with wild-type mice. Growth of the immunogenic MM cells was significantly reduced in S100A9KO mice. This effect was associated with the accumulation of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in BM and spleens of S100A9KO mice, but not wild-type mice, and was abrogated by the administration of anti-CD8 Ab or adoptive transfer of MDSC. Thus, the accumulation of MDSC at early stages of MM plays a critical role in MM progression and suggests that MDSC can be considered a possible therapeutic target in this disease.
A Study on Imbibition and Syneresis in Four Commercially Available Irreversible Hydrocolloid (Alginate) Impression Materials
Authors: Mittal Sanjeev , Bansal Sanjay , Garg Shushant , Kansal Gagandeep 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate imbibition and syneresis in four commercially available irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression materials at different time intervals (10, 20 and 30 minutes).

Materials and methods
Eighty samples of four commercially available irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression materials Algitex (DPI, Mumbai), Plastalgin (Septodont, Cedex, France), Zelgan 2002 (Dentsply), Finndent (Pyrex Polykem) were made. Twenty samples each of four irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression materials were grouped into four groups (I, II, III and IV). Measured quantity of alginate powder and liquid was used to make samples. The samples were evaluated for imbibition and syneresis at different time intervals (i.e.10, 20, and 30 minutes) by weighing on electronic analytic balance. The data were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA, post hoc test and t-test.

Results
The statistical data revealed that imbibition within four groups of irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression materials were not significant. Regarding syneresis there was insignificant difference between the four groups but within the group itself they showed significant difference between them depending upon the time interval. It was observed that Group I showed significant difference in syneresis at time interval of 10 to 20 minutes. Group II showed significant difference in syneresis at time interval of 10 to 30 minutes.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that four groups of irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) impression materials showed different rates of imbibition and syneresis at time interval of 10, 20 and 30 minutes depending upon molecular weight, calcium concentration and environmental conditions.

How to cite this article
Garg S, Mittal S, Bansal S, Kansal G. A Study on Imbibition and Syneresis in Four Commercially Available Irreversible Hydrocolloid (Alginate) Impression Materials. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(1):1-4.