bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing Differential Pathways of Risk: Associations Among Family Adversity, Cortisol, and Cognitive Functioning in Childhood
Authors: Suor Jennifer H. , Sturge‐Apple Melissa L. , Davies Patrick T. , Cicchetti Dante , Manning Liviah G. 
Published: June 2015

Guided by family risk and allostasis theoretical frameworks, the present study utilized a prospective longitudinal design to examine associations among family risk experiences, basal cortisol patterns, and cognitive functioning in children. The sample included 201 low‐income children living within a midsize city in the Northeastern United States. Children were assessed at ages 2, 3, and 4 years. Growth‐mixture modeling analyses revealed three basal cortisol patterns (elevated, moderate, low) and these remained relatively stable across time. Exposure to greater levels of family instability and maternal unresponsiveness predicted elevated and low cortisol patterns, which were associated with lower child cognitive functioning at age 4. Findings have implications for family risk processes that may underlie risk‐related disparities in child cognitive outcomes.
Stronger Working Memory Reduces Sexual Risk Taking in Adolescents, Even After Controlling for Parental Influences
Authors: Khurana Atika , Romer Daniel , Betancourt Laura M. , Brodsky Nancy L. , Giannetta Joan M. , Hurt Hallam 
Published: June 2015

This study examined the prospective influence of adolescent working memory (WM) on changes in impulsivity and sexual risk taking and assessed whether this relation could be explained by confounding effects of parental influences. Data from 360 community adolescents (Mage = 13.5 ± 0.95 years; 52% female; 56% non‐Hispanic White; low‐mid socioeconomic status (SES); recruited from Philadelphia area in 2004–2005) were analyzed using structural equation modeling to predict changes in impulsivity and sexual risk taking over a 2‐year follow‐up, using baseline assessments of WM, parental monitoring, parental involvement, and SES. Stronger WM predicted reduced involvement in sexual risk taking at follow‐up, effects channeled through changes in impulsivity dimensions of “acting without thinking” and “inability to delay gratification.” Parental variables had a protective influence on adolescent impulsivity and risk involvement, but the effects of WM operated independently of parental influences.
Cross‐Linguistic Lexical, Grammatical, and Discourse Performance on Oral Narrative Retells Among Young Spanish Speakers
Authors: Lucero Audrey 
Published: June 2015

This study investigated relations among microlevel and macrolevel domains of oral narrative retells within and across the languages of Spanish‐speaking bilingual children. Fifty‐six first and second graders (Mage = 7 years, 3 months) were assessed on a retell task in Spanish and English. Two statistical analyses were conducted: (a) correlations within and across microlevel lexical (number of different words) and grammatical (mean length of utterance‐word and subordination index) domains and (b) hierarchical regression to determine the influence of microlevel domains on a macrolevel discourse score. Results highlighted a number of significant within‐ and cross‐language correlations, and identified vocabulary as a significant predictor of macrolevel discourse scores within both languages, while grammar was a predictor within English only.
Peer Group Norms and Accountability Moderate the Effect of School Norms on Children's Intergroup Attitudes
Authors: McGuire Luke , Rutland Adam , Nesdale Drew 
Published: June 2015

The present study examined the interactive effects of school norms, peer norms, and accountability on children's intergroup attitudes. Participants (n = 229) aged 5–11 years, in a between‐subjects design, were randomly assigned to a peer group with an inclusion or exclusion norm, learned their school either had an inclusion norm or not, and were accountable to either their peer group, teachers, or nobody. Findings indicated, irrespective of age, that an inclusive school norm was less effective when the peer group had an exclusive norm and children were held accountable to their peers or teachers. These findings support social identity development theory (D. Nesdale, 2004, 2007), which expects both the in‐group peer and school norm to influence children's intergroup attitudes.
The Danish urban–rural gradient of allergic sensitization and disease in adults
Authors: Elholm G. , Linneberg A. , Husemoen L. L. N. , Omland Ø. , Grønager P. M. , Sigsgaard T. , Schlünssen V. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe reported prevalence of allergic sensitization among children is lower in rural areas than in urban areas of the world. The aim was to investigate the urban–rural differences of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens in adults depending on childhood exposure living in an industrialized country as Denmark.MethodsA total of 1236 male participants of 30–40 years of age recruited from two epidemiological studies were divided into four groups with regard to place of upbringing; city, town, rural area and farm. Allergic sensitization was assessed by skin prick tests (SPTs) to 10 inhalant allergens and measurements of serum specific IgE (sIgE) to four inhalant allergens (grass, birch, cat and house dust mite).ResultsThe prevalence of allergic sensitization to inhalant allergens decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized childhood. The risk of being sensitized to one or more allergens also decreased with decreasing degree of urbanized upbringing measured by sIgE to 4 common allergens as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals with city as reference; town 0.60 (0.39–0.92), rural area 0.34 (0.22–0.52) and farm 0.31 (0.21–0.46). Furthermore, it was measured by SPT to 10 common allergens; town 0.52 (0.33–0.84), rural area 0.34 (0.21–0.53) and farm 0.29 (0.19–0.45). This urban–rural association was also seen for the risk of sensitization to specific allergens, rhinitis and allergic asthma.ConclusionThis is the first study to show an urban–rural gradient of overall allergic sensitization and specific allergen sensitization in adults depending on their childhood exposure. In this highly homogenous western population, exposure to a less urbanized childhood was associated with lower risk of allergic sensitization and disease as an adult.
Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for head and neck oncology patients
Authors: Coyle M.J. , Main B. , Hughes C. , Craven R. , Alexander R. , Porter G. , Thomas S. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo describe the development of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol for people undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer.DesignService improvement project.ParticipantsHead and neck oncology patients.MethodsThe programme was developed in a series of structured meetings over a 6‐month period. Stakeholders included oral and maxillofacial surgeons, otolaryngologists, anaesthetists, dieticians, physiotherapists, speech and language therapists (SALT) and nursing staff. Based on evidence within current literature and a consensus among the group, an ERAS programme for head and neck surgery patients was formulated. A 12‐month study of compliance with the ERAS programme was undertaken from February 2014 to January 2015.ResultsThe process has resulted in the realisation of a head and neck ERAS programme. Key elements include a patient diary, nutritional optimisation, avoiding tracheostomy when possible, goal‐directed fluid therapy intra‐operatively and a specific head and neck postoperative pain management protocol. Overall compliance was high. Important areas showed lower levels of compliance – only 55% of people were given an explanation of the ERAS programme preoperatively, 75% took preoperative carbohydrate drinks, 10% had individualised goal‐directed fluid therapy, and 7% were mobilised in the first 24 h after surgery. The mean length of hospital stay was 14.55 days (sd 7.48).ConclusionsThe ERAS programme developed is now embedded in the care pathway for people undergoing head and neck cancer surgery in our unit. The mean length of hospital stay has reduced since the introduction of the programme.
Effects of landscape design of forest reserves on Saproxylic beetle diversity
Authors: Bouget C. , Parmain G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIncreasing the density of natural reserves in the forest landscape may provide conservation benefits for biodiversity within and beyond reserve borders. We used 2 French data sets on saproxylic beetles and landscape cover of forest reserves (LCFR) to test this hypothesis: national standardized data derived from 252 assessment plots in managed and reserve stands in 9 lowland and 5 highland forests and data from the lowland Rambouillet forest, a forested landscape where a pioneer conservation policy led to creation of a dense network of reserves. Abundance of rare and common saproxylic species and total saproxylic species richness were higher in forest reserves than in adjacent managed stands only in highland forests. In the lowland regional case study, as LCFR increased total species richness and common species abundance in reserves increased. In this case study, when there were two or more reserve patches, rare species abundance inside reserves was higher and common species richness in managed stands was higher than when there was a single large reserve. Spillover and habitat amount affected ecological processes underlying these landscape reserve effects. When LCFR positively affected species richness and abundance in reserves or managed stands, >12‐20% reserve cover led to the highest species diversity and abundance. This result is consistent with the target of 17% forested land area in reserves set at the Nagoya biodiversity summit in 2010. Therefore, to preserve biodiversity we recommend at least doubling the current proportion of forest reserves in European forested landscapes.
I Heard it through the Grapevine: Market Control of Controlling Family Shareholders
Authors: Jansson Andreas , Larsson‐Olaison Ulf 
Published: June 2015

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis paper addresses the issue of whether controlling family shareholders are exposed to market control. The paper advances the theory that the expected performance of controlling shareholders, inferred from their track records, is constantly reflected in the market value of controlled firms.Research Findings/InsightsBy using event‐study methodology, we show that unexpected acts that are detrimental to minority shareholder interests performed by controlling family shareholders lead to short‐term negative abnormal returns in firms that otherwise are completely unaffected by the detrimental acts, but are controlled by the same family‐based business group.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe results shed new light on the significance of track records in corporate governance that have implications for research on informal corporate governance mechanisms, governance of family firms, and, possibly, comparative corporate governance. The results also have tentative implications for the understanding of the function of family‐controlled business groups consisting of industrially unrelated firms by suggesting a function that has heretofore been neglected.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe results have implications for reform work in corporate governance by showing that practitioners and regulators must consider variability in non‐legal corporate governance mechanisms when analyzing and attempting to change different national corporate governance systems to achieve desired effects.
Advancing a Vision for Regulatory Science Training
Authors: Adamo Joan E. , Wilhelm Erin E. , Steele Scott J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRegulatory science, a complex field which draws on science, law, and policy, is a growing discipline in medical‐related applications. Competencies help define both a discipline and the criteria to measure high‐quality learning experiences. This paper identifies competencies for regulatory science, how they were developed, and broader recommendations to enhance education and training in this burgeoning field, including a multifaceted training approach.
A novel protein glycan biomarker and LCAT activity in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gruppen Eke G. , Connelly Margery A. , Otvos James D. , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Dullaart Robin P.F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe cholesterol‐esterifying enzyme, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), is instrumental in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) remodelling. LCAT may also modify oxidative and inflammatory processes, as supported by an inverse relationship with HDL antioxidative functionality and a positive relationship with high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP). GlycA is a recently developed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy‐measured biomarker of inflammation whose signal originates from a subset of N‐acetylglucosamine residues on the most abundant glycosylated acute‐phase proteins. Plasma GlycA correlates positively with hsCRP and may predict cardiovascular disease even independent of hsCRP. Here, we tested the extent to which plasma GlycA is elevated in metabolic syndrome (MetS), and determined its relationship with LCAT activity.Materials and methodsPlasma GlycA, hsCRP, serum amyloid A (SAA), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and LCAT activity were measured in 58 subjects with MetS (including 46 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)) and in 45 nondiabetic subjects without MetS.ResultsPlasma GlycA was higher in MetS coinciding with higher hsCRP and LCAT activity (P < 0·01 for each). In all subjects combined, GlycA was correlated positively with hsCRP, SAA and LCAT activity (P < 0·001 for each), but not with TNF‐α. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that GlycA was positively associated with LCAT activity (P = 0·029), independent of the presence of MetS, T2DM, hsCRP and SAA. GlycA was unrelated to diabetes status.ConclusionA pro‐inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker, GlycA, is higher in MetS. Higher plasma levels of this glycoprotein biomarker relate to increased LCAT activity in the setting of MetS.
Polyandry restores female fertility and paternal effects diminished by inbreeding in Hippodamia convergens
Authors: BAYOUMY MOHAMED H. , MICHAUD J. P. , BAIN CLINT 
Published: June 2015

1. The fertility restoration hypothesis posits that polyandry can evolve when female fertility is reduced by matings with related males, but restored by matings with unrelated ones.2. Using a promiscuous ladybird, this hypothesis was tested by mating mature, virgin females twice with sib and non‐sib males in all four permutations and observing female fertility. The development of progeny from the first and 10th clutches was also followed to test for differences in paternal effects.3. Mating treatment did not affect fecundity, but egg viability was reduced by sib matings, and restored by non‐sib matings, regardless of mating sequence. In addition, negative paternal effects of sib matings on progeny (lower survival) were compensated by non‐sib matings.4. The survival of offspring in first clutches was sensitive to the paternal mating sequence and was higher if a sibling male was preceded by a non‐sib male, compared with the reverse, consistent with a time lag in response to male epigenetic signals. Offspring survival did not differ between these two treatments in the 10th clutch, suggesting a blending of paternal effects over time.5. The results are indicative of interactions between the paternal effects contributed by different males, and between paternal and maternal effects, the latter causing faster development in later clutches.6. Thus, the reproductive benefits of polyandry for H. convergens females are potentially both genetic and epigenetic, as both egg fertility and beneficial paternal effects were diminished by sib matings, but restored by matings with unrelated males.
The opinions and attitudes of dental school academic staff towards oral healthcare education for older adults
Authors: Haresaku S. , Mariño R. , Naito T. , Morgan M. V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe term ‘oral health care for older adults’ has various interpretations, and its meaning is not clear among dental school academic staff. Additionally, there are no theoretical or practical stand‐alone courses on oral health care for older adults in Japanese dental schools. To improve oral health care education, we investigated the opinions and attitudes toward oral health care education for older adults among academic staff in dental schools. Data were collected in seven dental schools from May to September 2013 via an online questionnaire survey. Five‐hundred‐fifty‐eight academics (428 male, 130 female) participated (response rate 57%). The average number of years since they had completed a university degree was 20.2 (SD 10.2) years. The majority (Over 90%) of participants perceived that oral health care should be provided in nursing facilities, hospitals, and at home. Its treatments and instructions should include, not only methods of keeping good oral hygiene, but also improvement of oral function such as swallowing training and salivary glands massage. The majority (84.2%) suggested oral health care education should be combined as a one‐credit, stand‐alone course. Findings indicate that dental academics have an understanding the need for a course in oral health care for older adults. Participants supported the need for further development of education in oral health care for older adults’ in Japan, as a separate course on its own right. However there were some different views about content by teaching field. The need for a national core program for teaching oral health care education was suggested.
Global cognitive performance and frailty in non‐demented community‐dwelling older adults: Findings from the Sasaguri Genkimon Study
Authors: Chen Sanmei , Honda Takanori , Narazaki Kenji , Chen Tao , Nofuji Yu , Kumagai Shuzo 
Published: June 2015

AimTo investigate the associations of global cognitive performance with frailty and pre‐frailty in non‐demented community‐dwelling older adults.MethodA cross‐sectional study was carried out using data from the baseline survey of the Sasaguri Genkimon Study in 2011. The study sample consisted of 1565 older adults with complete data and no evidence of dementia. Global cognitive performance was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Frailty state was defined using the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria, based on five components: unintentional weight loss, low grip strength, exhaustion, low gait speed and low physical activity.ResultsTotal MoCA and MMSE scores, and their domain‐specific scores decreased across the non‐frail, pre‐frail and frail groups. Poorer total MoCA and MMSE scores, as well as their domain‐specific scores, were associated with the greater likelihood of being frail, but not with pre‐frailty after full adjustment. The strength of the association with frailty was greater for total MoCA score than for total MMSE score. Domain‐specific scores for visuospatial abilities and attention domains in both of the MoCA and MMSE were consistently associated with the likelihood of pre‐frailty and frailty, even after being mutually adjusted for all domains.ConclusionsThe MoCA performance is more strongly associated with the odds of frailty than the MMSE performance in the relatively functional and non‐demented older adult population. The present findings could contribute to further exploration of possible common pathways that can be targeted in the prevention and management for both of these two conditions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; ●●: ●●–●●.
Biobanking multifocal breast carcinomas: sample adequacy with regard to histology and DNA content
Authors: Pekar Gyula , Davies Hanna , Lukacs Agnes P , Forsberg Lars , Hellberg Dan , Dumanski Jan , Tot Tibor 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo determine the volume of tumoral and normal breast tissue containing sufficient DNA (>2 μg/sample) for genetic platforms and biobanking, with a focus on multifocality, tumoral heterogeneity, and factors that critically influence sample acceptability.Methods and resultsWe examined 57 breast surgical specimens with multifocal (46/57) and unifocal (11/57) cancers. Punch biopsies were obtained from tissue slices under multimodal radiological guidance, and the colour‐coded sampling sites were identified in large‐format histology slides. The study comprised 415 DNA isolations from tumour (n = 105) and normal (n = 283) tissue, including skin (n = 27) samples. A single 2‐mm core from invasive tumour contained sufficient DNA in 91.4% (96/105) of cases, depending on tumour type (3.8–108.2 μg/sample), number and size of additional foci in multifocal cases (P = 0.001), tumour consistency, and degree of necrosis. Three biopsies obtained with a 4‐mm device were required from normal breast tissue, at least 10 mm from the tumour. Cold ischaemia for up to 82 min did not influence the yield of DNA.ConclusionsRadiological disease mapping is useful for guiding optimal specimen slicing and for targeting breast lesions. A single 2‐mm core from tumour and multiple 4‐mm cores from normal breast tissue yield adequate DNA in the majority of samples.
Detection of Mycoplasmalike Organisms associated with a Yellows Disease of Grapevine in Germany
Authors: Maixner M. , Ahrens U. , Seemüller E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA yellows disease of grapevine in Germany referred to as ‘Vergilbungskrankheit’ (VK) causes yield loss and decline of infected vines. Mycoplasmalike organisms (MLO) were transmitted from a symptomatic vine to periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) by Cuscuta odorata. MLOs could be detected in tissue of symptomatic grapevines by a polymerase chain reaction that amplified a sequence of the 16S rRNA gene. Digestion of the amplification products by AluI restriction endonuclease revealed a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) between DNA samples obtained from grapevine and periwinkle. Based on restriction fragment profiles the MLO detected in symptomatic grapevine is similar to the organism causing stolbur in solanaceous plants while the organism transmitted to periwinkle is similar to aster yellows.
Interaction of Partially Purified Phytotoxins from Phytophthora cactorum on Apple Cell Plasma Membrane
Authors: Mezzetti B. , Capasso R. , Evidente A. , Hammerschlag F.A. , Zimmerman R.H. , Cristinzio G. , Rosati P. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe ‘crude’ filtrate (CF) of Phytophthora cactorum containing phytotoxin(s), having some properties similar to the toxins isolated from other Phytophthora species, was processed by three steps (acetone precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration chromatography). The CF fractions corresponding to the progressive steps of purification were tested for phytotoxicity on tomato seedlings and for activity on cell trans‐membrane electrical potential (Em) of susceptible and resistant apple rootstocks (Malus domestica).The fractions (F4), obtained from chromatography on Sephadex G50 fine and eluted in the zone corresponding to a molecular weight of 15 ± 2 kD, induced a specific alteration on susceptible apple cell membranes. These metabolites, even though incompletely purified, are able to induce a high and specific activity on susceptible apple cell Em only, not on resistant ones. As a consequence, they may be of potential use in screening for insensitive cells.
Angular Leaf Spot of Iron Wood Incited by a Pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Rahimian H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA fluorescent pseudomonad inciting brown angular leaf spots on iron wood (Parotia persica) in Mazandaran forest was isolated and identified as a pathovar of Pseudomonas syringae. Strains assimilated adonitol and L‐tartrate but not lactate or D‐tartrate as carbon sources for growth. The electrophoretic profiles of cell proteins of strains isolated from iron wood were very similar but differred markedly from protein profile of P. syringae pv. syringae.